bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Hoarding as Predictor of Mental Health Problems among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Khan Imran , Nadeem Arif , Saleem Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Pathological hoarding practices result in a great deal of clutter in the individuals’ life areas, which interferes with daily activities and causes extreme anxiety or disruption of regular activities (Gulotta et al., 2013). The current study looked into how undergraduate students' mental health problems were affected by their digital hoarding habits.
Methodology: The study was conducted using a correlational research design. A Sample of (N= 248) was collected with the age range of 18 to 25 (M=21.60, SD= 1.68) years. Data was collected from undergraduate students from the different government and private colleges and universities of Faisalabad city. A purposive sampling strategy was implemented for the data collection. The Study measures include the demographic information sheet, Digital Hoarding Questionnaire (Neave et al., 2019), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used for data collection. The data were assessed by using SPSS 23 Version.
Findings: The study’s results indicated that there is a significant positive association between digital hoarding and mental health problems, specifically, depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression results indicated that the R-square values for depression anxiety and stress were 19, .38, and .15 respectively depicting that digital hoarding causes a 19% change in depression level, 38% change in anxiety level, and 15% in stress level in the participants.
Conclusion: Having a strong positive link with mental health issues like stress, anxiety, and depression, digital hoarding is a strong predictor of these issues among undergraduate students.
Exploring Health Information Exchange Trends among Diabetes Patients on International and Pakistani Online Platforms
Authors: Mushtaq Ayesha , Ameen Maliha , Taj Inam Ullah
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study aims to compare internationally recognized online health communities (OHCs) such as PatientsLikeMe, Diabetes Daily, and DailyStrength with potential Pakistani counterparts like Oladoc, Sehat Kahani, ZMedHealth, and Marham. By discerning the strengths and weaknesses of these platforms, the study seeks to guide the development of tailored digital health solutions to address the specific needs of diabetic patients in Pakistan.
Methodology: The study conducted a comparative analysis of OHCs' usage patterns, types of OHCs utilized, duration of membership, perceived benefits, types of support received, and trust in shared information. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, meticulously coded, and categorized from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Dental Hospital University of Lahore, Social Security Teaching Hospital, Al Khidmat Teaching Mansoorah Hospital, and Sehat Medical Complex, Lahore to analyze the frequency and percentage distribution of responses across various parameters.
Findings: The frequency of OHC usage varied, with 40% of respondents using OHCs daily and 16% using them frequently. Facebook emerged as the most utilized platform (70%), followed by Instagram (16%). Regarding the duration of OHC membership, 24% had been members for 2-3 years. Benefits of OHC usage included information access (16%) and emotional support (24%). Peer support (24%) and guidance on management strategies (24%) were the most common types of support received. Forty percent of respondents expressed trust in the information shared on OHCs.
Conclusion: The study highlights the widespread use and varied benefits of OHCs among diabetic patients in Pakistan. It underscores the importance of tailoring digital health solutions to local contexts while leveraging international best practices. Understanding the dynamics of OHCs can inform the development of effective interventions to support diabetic patients and enhance their healthcare.
Effect of Social Media Marketing of Food on Obesity among Youth
Authors: Iqbal Ashraf , Waqas Muhammad , Shehzad Qaisar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study investigates the influence of social media marketing of food on obesity among the youth in Faisalabad. With the proliferation of social media platforms and their widespread use young individuals, concerns about the impact of online food promotions on dietary habits and health have grown.
Methodology: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, to delve into the dynamics between social media marketing and obesity. For age group and gender, male and female participants from the 14–18, 19–23, and 24-28 age groups were chosen for the sample in this study. Furthermore, the responder made their choice by using purposive sampling. In the end, 300 people made up the sample size.
Findings: This research work has shed important light on the complex interaction between food marketing on social media and its effects on childhood obesity in Faisalabad. The findings underline the critical role that online platforms play in determining dietary preferences and practices, underscoring the urgent need for focused interventions. According to the study, young people in Faisalabad are exposed to a lot of food-related information on social media, with fatty food commercials being especially enticing.
Conclusion: The study's conclusions have a number of ramifications for those who develop health policies, as well as for marketers, teachers, and digital platforms. While corporations should change their emphasis to promoting healthier options, regulatory measures should be enhanced to limit the promotion of harmful meals to younger audiences. Peer-led health efforts can leverage peer influence for good habit change, and digital media literacy projects can equip kids with the tools to analyze marketing messages critically. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of the complex relationship between teenage obesity and social media marketing. Stakeholders may work together to mitigate the harmful effects of online food marketing and provide a better food environment for the young in Faisalabad by putting the study's suggestions into practice.
Effects of Problem-Solving Strategies on Undergraduate Students’ Performance in Reading Online Texts
Authors: Akhter Nosheen , Heena  , Khan Asma
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Reading online is an interactive process between a reader and the online text. Online reading provides an opportunity for students to improve their problem-solving reading strategies. This study has seen with the improvement of reading practices over the last few years, digital technology has promoted reading and literacy research (Mangen & Weel, 2016). Many students have limited reading experiences and strategies, and therefore struggle to understand the online text. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of problem-solving strategies for undergraduate students on their academic attainments while reading the online material.
Methodology: Sample of study consisted of 60 undergraduate students from a local women’s college. The study used a mix method approach where the data was collected through convenience sampling using questionnaires, to discover the difficulties of students in reading online.
Findings: This study showed that problem-solving strategies enhanced the reading comprehension of the online readers. The students benefitted from using different subcategories of problem-solving reading strategies for improving their reading comprehension.
Conclusion: The results indicated that most of the students were moderate users of reading strategies and preferred using problem solving strategies while reading online. The study recommended teaching problem-solving strategies to encourage students to improve their online reading process.
Effects of Social Media on Educational and Moral Values of Youth: Evidence from University Students of South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Hafeez Amir , Masood Hamayun , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The current research study aimed to investigate the impact of social media on educational and moral ideals of university students. Researchers used descriptive survey research design to investigate the phenomenon of concern. The data was collected from university students of two public sector universities of South Punjab, i.e., The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB) and Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU). Multan. Population of the study was students of BS, MS and PhD students and sample of n=324 students was selected using random sampling technique. The researchers designed well-structured questionnaire consisted on close-ended to facilitate the respondents. The questionnaire was consisted on four parts; 1) demographics 2) Social media use 3) Educational effects and 4) Moral effects. The results were measured by frequency tables and by applying statistical tests such as Chi-square(X2). A high proportion of students at both universities are addicted to social media, according to the findings of the survey. The use of social media has affected student’s education and moral values negatively.
Qualitative Exploration of Attitude towards Online Feminist Discourse in Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Zerafshan , Naqvi Irum , Sabir Sabeen
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study. The present study aimed to explore the attitudes of young individuals towards online feminist activism in Pakistan. Furthermore, the goal of the study was to qualitatively explore how digital spaces serve as an ongoing archive of community voices, and demonstrate the relevance of feminist demands in Pakistani society.
Methodology. An exploratory study was done through eight focus group discussions with social media users (N = 48) and five in-depth interviews with feminist activists to identify the attitudes towards online feminist discourse in Pakistan. Thematic content analysis was used to identify the major themes from the qualitative data.
Findings. Through thematic content analysis five major themes were evolved i.e., knowledge about online feminist activism, online feminist practices, positive attitudes and negative attitudes about online feminist activism and myths related to online feminist discourse in Pakistan that were prevailing. The domain of knowledge constitutes experiences and awareness about online feminist movements. Online feminist practices involve the liking and sharing of late feminism on social media. Platforms of awareness about women's rights, a safe place to share opinions, and providing justice to the victim of harassment and oppression were positive attitudes towards online feminist movements. Negative attitudes towards online feminist movements include deviation from culture and religion, promoting vulgarity and westernization, anti-men, limited to the elite class, and misuse for personal benefits. Online movements are funded by western agencies and promoting homosexuality in our society was the most common myth.
Conclusion. The phenomenon has been indigenously explored through discussion with the general population and interviews with feminist activists, the subject matter expert who was not previously addressed in the Pakistani context. Both negative and positive attitudes exist towards the ongoing feminist movements yet Awareness and ongoing women's marches across the country are evidence of the fruitful use of digital feminist activism to change the narratives about feminism in Pakistan.
Effect of Social Media on Food Choices of University Students
Authors: Sadaf Shama , Safdar Minahil , Amjad Naila
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study examines the influence of social media on the food choices of undergraduate university students. The study's goal is to assess the percentage of junk food and healthy food consumption influenced by social media, as well as the effectiveness of various platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, YouTube, and Facebook on student food preferences.
Methodology: A questionnaire was used to conduct a quantitative survey, and 300 female participants were recruited from four government universities in Lahore, with 75 participants from each. The collected data was subjected to descriptive and bivariate analyses, which included the use of frequency percentages, bar graphs, and the Pearson Chi-square method.
Findings: The findings show that social media has a significant impact (93.3%) on undergraduate students' food choices, as supported by a p-value of 0.006. According to the study, social media influences 81% of junk food consumption, while 93% of respondents reported being influenced by social media to consume healthy food. Instagram was discovered to be the most effective platform in shaping students' food preferences (48.3%), followed by YouTube (38%), and TikTok (6%). Snapchat (4.7% effectiveness) and Facebook (3%) were discovered to be the least effective.
Conclusion: These results underscore the significance of social media in shaping healthy eating habits, as well as the importance of public health initiatives and policy decisions concerning the depiction and promotion of healthy food on social media platforms. This study contribute to the body of evidence establishing a link between social media and food preferences.
Value Orientation of Social Media Consumers: Tolerance for Equality and Equal Opportunities
Authors: Iftikhar Ifra , Yasmeen Bushra , Khan Muhammad Kamran
Published: December 2024

The pervasiveness of communication technology has made the media the most influential immediate force on the attitudes and values of media consumers. Regarding the impact that media has had on people's attitudes toward women and other social groups that have historically been marginalized or subjected to discrimination there are varying points of view, including optimistic ones that predict rising levels of tolerance and pessimistic ones that predict stable or declining levels of tolerance. Aim: This idea was investigated by analyzing people's opinions toward women, immigrants, and other religious groups. A distinction is made between the high media users and low media users and their socioeconomic status to analyze the media influence on attitudes. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative method was adopted for this study. A convenience sampling method was utilized to get the representative data from 300 people. A structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Key Findings: Tolerance for religious sects and minorities has increased across the board among high media users, and young people are also more open to religious diversity. These patterns largely concur with the upbeat viewpoints. Despite this, we discover that bias still exists among young people, as evidenced by the fact that a sizable portion of respondents still have trouble accepting women's independence in life and blame it for the moral decline of society. Conclusion: In the case of national security, which most respondents placed national security above the rights of immigrants and agreed to deport them immediately, intolerance toward immigrants /refugees appears strong. These findings are thus more in line with the expectations of pessimistic life perspectives, which believe media to be the cause of moral deterioration in society.
From Perception to Influence: The Impact of Online Advertisements on Advertisers
Authors: Ramzan Rida , Ali Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In this era of technology, digital media dominates every aspect of life, with mobile phones being essential to everyday chores. Technology use extends beyond workplaces, influencing buying behaviors. Companies leverage social media to attract consumers.
Methodology: The study employed a qualitative methodology, using structured interviews with advertising agencies in Pakistan. A purposive sampling technique was used.
Findings: Results aligned with existing literature, showing that social media provides valuable analytics and real-time campaign performance insights. This data helps agencies refine strategies and make informed decisions for optimal results.
Conclusion: The study concluded that viral marketing is a key goal, and social media can be used to create campaigns that can rapidly increase brand visibility and engagement. The continuous evolution of technology ensures that digital media will remain a pivotal tool for advertisers in the future.
The Role of Culture Mediating the Social Media in Eliminating the Gender Inequality
Authors: Shahzadi Ambreen , Hussain Sajid
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study investigated the impact of social media on gender inequality, considering cultural diversity and online activism. Using interpretivism as the theoretical framework, the research explored perspectives from diverse social media users.
Methodology: The methodology used in this research was quantitative research. This approach uses systematic collection and statistical data analysis. There were some variations in the sample size of the study. One descriptive analysis involved about ten participants and another regression analysis observed 9 to 19 participants. The sampling technique was purposive sampling which aimed to reflect the diversity of culture and gender relations of social media users. The targeted population was the general public of social media users who have diverse cultural backgrounds.
Findings: Results indicated that approximately 60% believe social media can amplify gender equality efforts, while 28% express concerns about potential negative effects like cyberbullying. The study utilized regression analysis, revealing a significant positive relationship between social media and gender equality, with a 66% variation in responses. Moreover, a moderate positive association found between cultural diversity, social media, and gender inequality.
Conclusion: The study concluded that understanding cultural norms is crucial when examining the influence of social media on gender inequality. While the study acknowledges limitations, such as sample size and reliance on self-reported data, it underscores the need for platforms to address biases and promote inclusivity for effective gender equality efforts.
Investigating the Impact of Mobile Dating Applications in Perspective of Hookup Culture among Pakistani Youth
Authors: Bajwa Sarosh Ehsaan , Waheed Saima , Bhatti Tayyab Farooq
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Mobile dating has become more communal with a growing number of smart phone applications that brings facilitation for dating globally. In the current study, the researchers investigated whether the usage of mobile dating applications cause hookup culture in Pakistani society. Nearly majority of the sample use dating applications regularly, with Tinder and Mingle being the most popular. The study witnessed that there is a significant change in the behavior of youth. Yet what remains unidentified is another affective dimension of the behavior of youth towards these mobile dating applications in relation to long-term commitments whether they consider them trustworthy in looking for serious relationships.
Methodology: The study operationalized the theories of uses and gratification and diffusion of innovation with an association of quantitative research by using survey method along with purposive and snowball sampling. Online structured questionnaire was developed to collect data by using Google Forms.
Findings: The findings of the study has shown that mobile dating applications in Pakistan cause hookup culture as there is a significant correlation between mobile dating applications and youth as it clearly indicates that youth prefer to develop temporary relationships rather than long-term relationships. In this research correlation, t-test has been used for statistical analysis.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the youth do not consider mobile dating applications (Tinder and Mingle2) trustworthy to find long-term relationships as they view these applications as a source of entertainment.
Social Media Optimization through A/B Testing for Brand Awareness: A Reach Analysis of A/B Creatives
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Naseer Moazzam , Akram Ghias
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research aimed to explore the relationship between Social Media Optimization (SMO) and A/B testing for brand awareness on Facebook. The analysis was done through the reach of A/B creatives of social media posts on a newly created Facebook page of Ahad Montessori and School Furniture. The objective was to determine the impact of A/B testing on brand awareness in terms of reach among the target audience.
Methodology: A/B testing was used to compare the performance of two visual creatives on Facebook. The researcher selected an audience on Facebook and run the A/B testing for 2-3 days through the visual creatives for the targeted audience (both male and female audiences aged 25-55) with interests related to Montessori, nurseries, parenting, kg, schools, furniture, and education. The reach and engagement metrics were analyzed for each creative to assess their effectiveness.
Findings: The researcher used the reach metric to analyze the success of the A/B testing, however, results indicated that in the A/B testing engagement was a more crucial factor than reach in determining the success of A/B testing for brand awareness. Therefore, one visual creative won in this test as engaging content encouraged users to interact with this creative for improving brand recall. Hence, A/B testing proved valuable for optimizing social media content, leading to increased reach and engagement for brand awareness.
Conclusion: The study emphasized the significance of A/B testing for social media optimization. Content creators and marketers could get benefit from the A/B testing to see the result before launching any campaign. Therefore, content creators and marketers are advised to focus on creating engaging ads to improve reach and increase brand awareness. The findings of this study provided insights for advertisers and marketers to implement effective strategies for content creation and optimization using A/B testing.
Relationship of Online Gaming with Self Control, Problem Solving and Social Zapping in Young Adult Gamers
Authors: Naeem Esha , Nazir Arooj , Bibi Maryam , Khalid Kanza
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The aim of study is to investigate the impact of online gaming behavior on self-control, problem solving, and social zapping among adult gamers.
Methodology: A quantitative study with correlational research design; participants N=325 (270 males and 55 females) aged 18-30, was conducted where data was gathered through Google forms. The assessment tools used for this research were Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (Pontes & Griffith, 2015), The Self Control Scale (Tangney et al., 2004), Independent- Interdependent Problem-Solving Scale (Rubin, Watt & Ramelli, 2012) and Social Zapping Scale (Muller, et. al., 2021).
Findings: The results of statistical analyses indicated that online gaming has negatively significant relation with self-control (r=-.224**, p<0.01) and positively significant relation with social zapping (r=.165**, p<0.01). But no significant relation was observed between online gaming and problem solving (p>0.05). Furthermore, self-control found to be the key factor as a mediator between online gaming and social zapping (b=-.29, p< .001).
Conclusion: Online gaming shows negative correlation with self-control and positive correlation with social zapping which means with the increase in online gaming there will be increase in social zapping as well but decrease is self-control and vice versa. No significant relationship was found between online gaming and problem solving. Besides, age plays a huge role in social zapping among gamers. Late adult gamers are comparatively less social zappers as compared to young adult gamers.
Self-representation of Private Universities in Lahore through Captioned Facebook Wall-Posts: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Authors: Naeem Waqasia , Quyyum Afshan , Haroon Sidra
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aimed at analyzing self-representation of private universities in Lahore through captioned Facebook wall-posts. Research objectives of the study included analyzing multimodal features of the captioned Facebook wall-posts of the selected private universities in Lahore, analyzing how private universities are self-representing themselves on social media through their wall-posts and identifying the multimodal features which are common in Facebook wall-posts of both the selected universities.
Methodology: This study was qualitative in nature, three different models to analyze the data, Systemic Functional Linguistics (2005), Multimodal analysis (2007), and Self-representation in social media (2017).
Findings and Conclusion: This study concluded that universities use different multimodal features to represent their identities in the social media platforms. The private universities in Lahore employ a range of discursive strategies to shape their identities on social media platforms, these strategies include the use of language, images, and visual design elements to convey specific messages and create desired impressions among their target audience. The universities utilize a combination of persuasive techniques, such as showcasing campus facilities, highlighting academic achievements, and promoting extracurricular activities, to present themselves as reputable educational institutions that offer a comprehensive and enriching experience to students.
To Regulate the Cryptocurrencies in Pakistan: Demand of Time
Authors: Ali Naheeda
Published: December 2024

The lack of cryptocurrency legislation presents several issues, and the purpose of this article is to investigate those challenges. Several legal issues are brought about because no one law applies everywhere. The lack of a consistent legal framework is a barrier to the development of cryptocurrency markets. Investors who want to participate in such kind of money or asset are usually discouraged since there is no established legal framework to guide them in doing so. This study is based on qualitative research and researcher analysed statutes, local and international laws, protocols, conventions, treaties and reports for the triumph of this work. This study intends to evaluate the various approaches that particular governments have taken and the beginnings of legal texts that they have drafted in order to address these problems. The purpose of this evaluation is to bring attention to the obstacles that have been generated as a result of the lack of regulation. Even though they come with their advantages, Cryptocurrencies are now working toward integration into the conventional financial system. Since 2010, cryptocurrencies have been the fruit and consequences of a new technology proliferating. This new technology came into being in 2010. Despite this, the expansion of the blockchain ecosystem is confronted with several challenges. However, many states are still wary of the applications and widespread adoption of blockchain technology, despite their want to join the blockchain revolution. The formation of an appropriate regulatory framework for the development of this emerging technology would make it feasible for crypto-assets to be circulated, which is an essential part of the economy for nations that want to maintain their attractiveness from a financial perspective.
A Framework for Regulating Digital Lives in the Context of Digital Etiquettes and Responsibilities
Authors: Sultan Khalid , Ahmed Aqeel
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The utilization of digital technology has evolved tremendously over the period of time. At the same time, the misuse of technology has also erupted as a major challenge for policymakers and educators.
Methodology: To formulate a framework for regulating digital lives in the context of digital etiquettes and responsibilities, an in-depth literature review was required. Relevant research publications were collected to analyze what concerns has been raised regarding digital lives in different societies and how those recommendations or applications can be implemented in society such as Pakistan. For this study, primary school students were focus group and the framework suggested in this study was based on how students engage with technology in their daily lives.
Findings: The study found that acceptable agreement can work as a foundation for the school systems, policymakers, digital experts, and parents for sensitizing the students regarding the digital citizenship responsibilities and etiquettes. All stakeholders need to undertake serious efforts to create a conducive environment where students can realize the importance of behaving in a digitally responsible manner. If the appropriate measures are not taken at the right time, it can pave the path for many potential negative consequences. Therefore, in order to effectively implement a digital citizenship program, what is required is a clear vision, code of conduct, teachers’ training programs, effective engagement of parents, and sensitizing students towards digital regulation.
Conclusion: The paper suggests a framework for academicians, sociologists, parents, and information technology experts in the light of the relevant literature to sensitize the youth towards responsible and productive use of the technology. This framework is initially designed for school-going children and is based on two important themes, including Digital Responsibility and Digital Citizenship Etiquette.
Political Memes and Ethical Boundaries: Framing Analysis in the Context of “No-Confidence Motion 2022” in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Fizza , Maqsood Madiha , Abbasi Shehryar
Published: December 2024

Memes are considered a popular source of information dissemination and influence the mindset of their audience in a lighter mode. In its most common form, a meme is a humorous visual piece of content that has been remixed, repeated, and altered to address diverse contexts and meanings but still adheres to the core concept adopted by the cross-cultural audience. However, it also serves underlying purposes. It is known that internet memes serve as a way for people who live in the digital realm to form opinions and become primary sources of information when they begin to analyze the news that comes from the memes made on the internet. This study aimed to investigate the agendas of political memes, their consideration of ethical boundaries, and their role in building public opinion, especially in the context of the contemporary political scenario in Pakistan. For this purpose, ten humorous political memes on the scenario of “No-Confidence motion 2022” have been selected through purposive sampling and analyzed to determine whether they come within ethical boundaries or violate them. Moreover, it also analyzed how these political memes play a role in building public opinion; the framing technique of Agenda setting explains this phenomenon, and content discourse analysis of the memes guides the course of this discussion. The results have shown that political meme creators set certain agendas while creating them and violate ethical boundaries. Most of the memes created during the “No-confidence motion” seemed to criticize the PDM and were framed to prove that PDM is wrong. Hence, most meme creators supported the PTI agenda, and the framing done by PTI’s social media and memes were relatable. Most of the memes were based on frames that mimicked and criticized the actions of PDM leaders. Further research can be done to check whether memes can change perceptions regarding political issues and the impact of the memes on the audience.
Sibling Rivalry Reloaded: The Role of Smartphones in Conflict and Resolution
Authors: Farrah ul Momineen  , Sultana Saba , Aziz Sameen
Published: December 2024

Aims of the Study: This research study aimed to examine the extent of smartphone usage among siblings within a specific age group and the nature of conflicts that arise between siblings due to smartphone usage. Furthermore, it explored overall impact of smartphones and the factors which play potential in resolving conflicts among siblings.
Methodology: The study employed the focus group to investigate the utilization of smartphones during family time and its impact on sibling relationships. The participants chosen for this study were children of employed parents residing in Lahore, Pakistan. Children aged between 4 to 16 years were chosen through convenience sampling procedure.
Findings: Findings showed that smartphones resolve 4-8-year-old sibling disagreements. According to the results, it found that in the 8-12 age group smartphones can cause and resolve sibling conflicts as well. Children use smartphones to confront, reject, criticize, establish authority, and supervise ("Eagle's eye"), producing issues. Findings about 13-16-year-olds revealed smartphones have caused conflicts as well as resolve. Smartphones used by 13-16-year-olds found exacerbate sibling conflicts due to poor interactions.
Conclusion: Study concluded that smartphones among kids aged 4-8 years smartphones are more effective in resolving conflicts and smartphones among kids in the age group of 8-12 years create and resolve conflicts between siblings, whereas among aged 13-16 years smartphones more contribute to conflicts rather than resolution.
The Nexus of Modernization and Jirga: Empirical Evidence Concerning the Impact of Media (Traditional/Online) on Jirga in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Imran  , Ahmed Zubair , Qadar Fazal
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The Jirga system is considered as one of the most imperative features contributing toward the social structure of Pakhtun society. Like other facets of life, the Jirga system is also experiencing numerous impacts of modernity through education, media, urbanization, etc. The study was designed to explore perceptions of the different stakeholders regarding the impact of media on the Jirga system concerning modernization.
Methodology: To examine the phenomena the Survey methodology was used for the investigation. The quantitative data was obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire from different sampled groups i.e. intellectuals, lawyers, politicians, community leaders, and literary persons. The data were analyzed through SPSS (version 21) software wherein agreement indices, univariate, and bivariate analyses were performed. For assessing the internal consistency of the scale, high-level reliability was illustrated through Cronbach's Alpha (α) i.e. 0.834. The association between independent and dependent variables was measured statistically through Chi-square (χ2) whereas the strength and direction were determined via Gamma (ℽ).
Findings & Conclusion: The overall findings manifest a highly significant (P=0.000) but a negative association between the importance of media about bringing understanding of the modern world and change in the Jirga system. Similarly, a significant but negative relationship was detected between the roles of social media in strengthening social networking across the world concerning the change in Jirga. Further, about change in the Jirga system, a significant but negative link was identified that media and specifically social media as an important source of adding new traits to indigenous culture. Subsequently, socio-cultural values are debilitated due to media (a means of modernization) was found highly significant with the level of change in Jirga.
Understanding Women’s Experiences of Empowerment through Social Media in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Hooria , Hussain Sajid
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In Pakistan women are a significant part of the population and women play an important role in the economy of the country. The research study focused on the true sense of the women empowerment and researchers tried to find out that who are the truly empowered women are in Pakistani society.
Methodology: The researchers applied the theory of uses and gratification to find out how women use social media to gratify their needs. For the research purpose the researchers choose qualitative approach and conduct in depth interviews to 10 working women. The women were chosen by the simple random sampling.
Findings: Findings of the research showed that women who are financially independent and have the sense of their legal rights are the truly empowered women in the Pakistani society.
Conclusion: The study concluded that women of this digital age are much better aware of their abilities and capabilities, and they are very well aware of how to utilize social media for their personal and professional grooming.
Political Satire through Memes: Content Analysis of Facebook Pages
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Ahmad , Ab Ul Hassan Ali , Muzafar Huma
Published: December 2024

In recent years, memes have become the most crucial activity all over social media. Memes have become a new trend among youth. In communication and satire internet memes have grasped a lot of attention. Satire has become an essential tool in terms of controlling public opinions. Aim of this study is to analyze the memes on three populous political leaders (Imran Khan, Donald Trump and Narindar Modi) on Facebook pages. Four memes are selected of each politician using purposive sampling based on the likes and profile pictures that seem attractive. The reason to choose these politicians is the populous regime in three different countries. The results revealed that satire and taunts used in the memes against the elected politicians; the satire and the humor are used in a creative way to represent the situation and the circumstances politicians have created. These memes are creating new ways of political communication on social media and creating new political discourse.
association between serial measurements of cardiac parameters on ultrasound and prognosis in adult emergency department visits
Authors: Arvig Michael Dan , Falster Casper , Holm Ovesen Stig , Leth Ronja , Brabrand Mikkel
Published: December 2024

Introduktion
Akutte kontakter skyldes ofte åndenød eller brystsmerter pga. underliggende hjerte-lungesygdom. Point-of-care hjerteultralyd anvendes ofte i den primære patientgennemgang integreret med klinisk undersøgelse, hvorimod efterfølgende vurderinger udelukkende er baseret på symptomer, vitalværdier og blodprøver.
 
Formål
I et systematisk review at undersøge sammenhængen mellem serielle ændringer i dynamiske hjerteultralydsparametre og prognose hos voksne akutte kontakter.
 
Metoder
Studier med voksne akutte kontakter, der får foretaget hjerteultralyd mindst to gange under indlæggelsen, bliver inkluderet. Mekanisk ventilerede patienter bliver ekskluderet. En systematisk søgning bliver foretaget på PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science og Google Scholar. Den grå litteratur søges i OpenGrey og ProQuest. Igangværende forsøg søges i ClinicalTrials og International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Bias vurderes i henhold til studiedesign vha.  Joanna Briggs Institutets værktøjer til kritisk vurdering. Hvis muligt bliver resultaterne syntetiseret i en metaanalyse, ellers i narrativ form.
 
Diskussion
Resultaterne forventes at give indsigt i, hvorledes man kan monitorere og guide behandlingen baseret på serielle målinger af hjertets funktion på ultralyd.
 
Systematisk review registreringsnummer: PROSPERO, CRD42024524740.
Point-of-care ultrasound in emergency medicine
Authors: Arvig Michael Dan , Laursen Christian B. , Weile Jesper Bo , Bentsen Lasse Paludan , Falster Casper , Brockhattingen Kristoffer Kittelmann , Jeschke Klaus Nielsen , Riishede Minna , Posth Stefan
Published: December 2024

Siden de første anbefalinger for brugen af point-of-care ultralyd på danske akutafdelinger blev offentliggjort i 2014, er akutmedicin blevet etableret som et selvstændig speciale i 2017, og den fortsatte udvikling og forskning inden for ultralyd har skabt et behov for en opdatering af det eksisterende holdningspapir.
Formålet med dette holdningspapir fra Ultralydsudvalget under Dansk Selskab for Akutmedicin er at beskrive ultralydsprotokoller, uddannelse, organisation, retlige forhold og forskning inden for point-of-care ultralyd i det akutmedicinske speciale i Danmark.
TİPOGRAFİNİN SİMGEDEN İMGEYE DÖNÜŞÜMÜ
Authors: Karagöl Aynur
Published: December 2024

Yazı sesin görselleştirilmesini sağlamıştır. Böylece sesin sembolik bir temsilcisi olmuştur. Makineleşme ile yazılı iletişim zenginleşmiş, sanat akımları ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte yeni görsel estetik değerler ortaya çıkmıştır. Yazı, sembolik bir ifadeden imgelerin oluştuğu bir sürece geçmiştir. Tasarımda önemli bir görsel unsura dönüşen tipografi, renk ve şekillerle geniş bir kompozisyon yelpazesi sunmaktadır. Tipografik görselliğin bir yöntemi tipogramlar ile kelimenin anlamıyla biçimini birleştirerek, algılaması kolay ve etkili bir görsellik sunduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle durağan ve hareketli görüntülerde, içeriğe dair bilgi veren tipografi, deneysel çalışmalarla zengin bir görsel dünya sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, tipografinin kullanımı sadece estetik bir işlev görmekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda içerikle güçlü bir ilişki kurarak iletişimi derinleştirir ve görsel anlatımı zenginleştirir. Çalışmada literatür araştırması, tipografik uygulamalar incelenerek görünenin analizi ile niteliksel bir yöntem izlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı tipografinin hem hedef kitleye bilgi veren hem de tasarımın ana unsuru veya tek unsuru olarak kompozisyonu taşıması açısından kritik bir rolünü incelemektir. Yazının evriminde ve iletişimde önemli bir rol oynamış, sesin sembolik dünyasından görsel imgelerin yoğunluğuna doğru uzanan bir yolculuğun parçası olmuştur. Tipografinin, alfabe ile imgeleşmesi, kitleselleşen medyalar ile gelişen durağan ve hareketli görüntü ile simgeleşen değişimi izlenmektedir. Çalışmanın kapsamını durağan ve hareketli tipografi uygulamalarının simgeleşen kompozisyonlarıdır. Araştırmada sesin imgeleşmesi ile oluşan harfler, bir tasarım unsuru olan simgeleşmekte ve kitlelere belli anlamlar iletmektedir. Çalışma ile tipografinin imge ve simge kavramlarıyla değişimi panoramik bir bakış ile sunulmuştur.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND THE EFFECTS ON YOUTH- THE CASE OF INSTAGRAM
Authors: Sarıkaya Büşra
Published: December 2024

In today’s society, online marketing has become essential for almost every business. As digitalization accelerates, companies are increasingly compelled to strengthen their online presence and strategically position themselves within the digital space. Younger consumers, in particular, actively use social media platforms to inform their purchasing decisions. As a result, it is critical for brands to boost their visibility on these platforms and develop effective marketing strategies. With consumers becoming more mobile, they expect personalized experiences and seamless interactions across all touchpoints when engaging with a company. To address these challenges, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing, alongside collaborations with influencers, has gained significant traction in recent years. AI plays a pivotal role in crafting personalized customer experiences, while influencers have considerable sway over young consumers. Social media campaigns are especially effective in shaping the consumption habits of adolescents, who tend to trust the recommendations and experiences shared by influencers. This trust significantly influences their purchasing behavior. In particular, influencer marketing strategies on platforms like Instagram enable brands to effectively connect with younger audiences. This study aims to explore how businesses utilize AI to enhance their online marketing efforts within the realm of social media, and to analyze the influence of influencers on the consumption patterns of young people. In this context, the growing impact of influencer marketing is increasingly shaping brand loyalty among young consumers, leaving a lasting effect in today’s digital age.
Tribological Behaviors of Porous 3D Graphene Lubricant Reinforced Monomer Casting Polyamide 6 Composite
Authors: Wang Liping , Pan Bingli , Gao Jiayu , Huang Saisai , Xie Mengxin , Li Chunyan , Luo Denglin , Liu Jichun , Wang Honggang
Published: February 2020

A porous 3D graphene lubricant is designed using a polyurethane (PU) foam vehicle and a self‐lubricating composite is thereafter prepared by pouring monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6) into the 3D graphene lubricant. The microstructure of the composite is studied using infrared (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of tribological properties and mechanical properties show that the composite exhibits enhanced tribological behaviors while inheriting excellent mechanical properties of neat MCPA6; the wear resistance of the composite is over 160 times higher than that of neat MCPA6 (1.3 m s−1, 140 N). The friction and wear mechanism of the composite is determined. The designed porous 3D graphene composite shows the merits of the increased friction reduction and antiwear performances with decreased loading content of graphene. This research opens a new insight for designing 3D graphene composite in severe tribological conditions.
The Microstructure, Antimicrobial Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Cu‐Bearing Strip Cast Steel
Authors: Guan Bin , Hong Sung-Ha , Schulz Christiane , Stanford Nikki
Published: February 2020

The antimicrobial and corrosion properties of Cu‐bearing steels fabricated via simulated strip casting are examined. Two distinct microstructures are observed: those alloys with Cu concentrations below 5 wt% retain the Cu in solid solution, and those alloys with high Cu concentrations form a two‐phase structure containing an austenite matrix and large Cu‐rich precipitates. The alloys display antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, causing up to 65% of bacteria death upon direct contact for 24 h. Surface analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that after exposure to bacteria, the surface passive film remains enriched in Cu and its oxides, and immersion studies confirm gradual release of Cu ions from the passive film in a wet environment. Corrosion testing of the Cu alloys demonstrates that when the copper is retained in solid solution, the corrosion behavior is not markedly different from the copper‐free reference alloy. However, in those higher‐concentration alloys that contain Cu‐rich precipitates, the anticorrosion performance of the steel is greatly deteriorated, with the corrosion mechanism changing from pitting corrosion to selective corrosion.
Influence of Accumulated Strain on the Fracture Behavior of Low‐ and Medium‐Carbon Steels Processed by Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Koptseva Natalia , Efimova Yulia , Chukin Mikhail , Baryshnikov Mikhail
Published: February 2020

Herein, commercial ferritic–pearlitic unalloyed low‐carbon and medium‐carbon steel samples containing a machined U‐shaped notch are subjected to equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) under varying total strains. The impact toughnesses and fracture surface structures of these samples are assessed through Charpy impact testing and scanning electron microscopy. The given results show that during the first pass of ECAP, the impact toughness decreases sharply. However, as the total strain in the ECAP process increases, the impact strength increases to ≈60% of that in the initial coarse‐grained (hot‐rolled) state. In low‐carbon steel, the fracture mechanism changes from ductile to ductile–brittle and then to predominantly ductile. In medium‐carbon steel, the fracture mechanism varies from brittle to ductile–brittle. Moreover, the strength characteristics in the low‐carbon steel increase by 90%, whereas those in the medium‐carbon steel increase by 50%. The observed effect is explained by the intense structural refinement of the ferrite component due to the formation of shear bands and ultrafine grains, for which the volume percent increases with increasing strain.