bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE FOREST FOCUSED LEGISLATION ON THE INVESTMENTS IN FOREST SECTOR OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - CASE STUDY UNA-SANA CANTON
Authors: Delić Sabina , Avdibegović Mersudin , Mutabdžija-Bećirović Senka , Bećirović Dženan , Marić Bruno , Pašić Amel
Published: January 2022

UDK: 630*9(497.6 Unsko-sanski kanton)“2003/2013“

Investments in forest sector represent an important issue that is regulated by legislation. Legislative framework that regulate forest sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been changing recently - from the Law on Forests of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002 – 2009), Forest Regulation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2009 – 2012) and finally cantonal Laws on Forests (2012 to date). Cantonal laws currently represent the only valid legislative documents that regulate forest sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper analyse the investments in the public forests at the territory of Una-Sana Canton, managed by forest management enterprises "Unsko-sanske šume", within the period 2003-2013 in dependence of the valid legislative frameworks. Having in mind the various regulations that prescribed the financing of the biological investments, scope and structure of the performed activities together with the amount of invested funds have varied between particular periods. The biggest share in total investments to forest sector belongs to the silvicultural measures (66%) and forest road construction (17%). The analysis included the trend of realised biological investments and invested funds. It reveals the mutual incompatibility that causes the differences in unit costs of biological investments in various periods. This implies the need for creation and implementation of unique methodology for cost calculation respecting the basic principles of econometrics. Conducted analysis indicated that previous legislative frameworks did not prescribe appropriate financing model. One should bare in mind this fact during the prescription of new financing model in the ongoing proposal of new Law on Forests of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST FIRES IN THE KONJIC MUNICIPALITY IN THE PERIOD OF 2009 - 2013 YEAR
Authors: Alikadić Samir , Dautbašić Mirza , Mujezinović Osman , Zahirović Kenan
Published: January 2022

UDK: 630*43(497.6 Konjic)“2009/2013“

Forests as one of the largest renewable sources in nature, are extremely important for human survival. They cover about a quarter of the Earth's surface and are the lungs of all living beings. Rapid technological development has significantly improved the life of a man, but also made a great contribution to the destruction of the natural balance, and reducing biodiversity.

They represent a significant social wealth not only by producing precious and for its quality values in many ways irreplaceable wood material, edible and medicinal plants, but also because its existence is a very positive impact on the protection and improvement of the environment, regulation of climate and water regime, reducing damage from erosion, flood and spate, development of recreation, tourism, hunting and many other economic activities. Fires are one of the strongest and most dangerous agents that man were served in suppressing forest since ancient times, but unfortunately still used today. In many parts of world man suppresses forest and brush with fires, creating a short-term favorable conditions for its economy.

Research that are the subject of this paper is an analysis of the volume of forest fires in the period 2009-2013 year in the municipality of Konjic. The conducted analysis in this area in the period 2009-2013 year recorded 37 fires. Of that number, 20 fires were in the category of crown-fires and 17 ground-fires. The largest number of fires was 14 in 2011, with 310 hectares of fire-affected areas, while the lowest number was recorded in 2010, only three fires and burnt area amounted to 7 ha.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING FOR SECONDARY METABOLITES IN LEAVES AND BARK OF 25 BROADLEAF DECIDUOUS SPECIES
Authors: Pustahija Fatima , Bašić Neđad
Published: January 2022

UDK: 577.13:582 

Plants produce a numerous and diverse secondary metabolites, organic compounds which are not essential and do not participate directly in the growth and development, but may have very important role in their adaptation and adjustment to particular environmental conditions. For humans, secondary metabolites are very important in medicine, pharmacology, food and cosmetics industries. The presence of eight types of secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, coumarins, emodins, fatty acids, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins) in water extracts of leaves and barks of 25 broadleaf deciduous species from 15 families was qualitatively investigated by rapid phytochemical screening methods. According to literature data, in this study for the first time is determined the presence of six types of secondary metabolites in analyzed dendro species: anthocyanins in one species; both coumarins and phenols in five species; emodins in six species; saponins in eight species; and tannins in four species. Particular attention in further research should be given to Fagus sylvatica L., Populus tremula L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz. Since preliminary results of this study are promising it would be desirable both to identify active compounds and assess their potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
CONTRIBUTION TO MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HELLEBORUS MULTIFIDUS Vis. IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Lasić Lejla , Dorić Semir , Hanjalić Jasna , Čakar Jasmina , Kalamujić Stroil Belma , Radosavljević Gabrijela , Pojskić Naris
Published: January 2022

UDK: 582.675.1:575(497.6)

Helleborus multifidus Vis. is endemic Illyric-Adriatic species with distribution range in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania. Although few studies reported different taxonomic categories for H. multifidus, this one is the first using molecular-genetic markers (trnL region and matK of chloroplast DNA and nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 region) for genetic characterization of H. multifidus presented at three localites in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results revealed that PCR-RFLP on trnL intron was not informative for testing inter- or intrapopulation diversity. Contrary, analysis of matK, ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed differences between populations from Trebinje region and Kupreško polje, pointing to the need to include additional analyses in order to confirm these findings.
USING TRAP TREES FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF BARK BEETLE PITYOGENES CHALCOGRAPHUS (L.) ON MOUNTAIN ZVIJEZDA
Authors: Demirović Nermin , Dautbašić Mirza , Zahirović Kenan , Mujezinović Osman
Published: January 2022

UDK: 595.768.1:582.475(234.422 Zvijezda)

Bark beetles are the most important pests of the coniferous forests. Although they are considered to be a secondary pest, they are becoming the primary pests that attack healthy trees. One of the important spruce bark beetle is the Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) - a small spruce beetle. The research was conducted in the municipality of Vareš, on three locations: Ponikva, Pobrin Han, Doli. The active period of the bark beetle for development began in the last decade of April. P. chalcographus in the field of research had two generations. For the development of generations it took between 12 and 13 weeks. Weather conditions in the object of research did not allow the completion of the second generation. The activity of the bark beetle ends in mid-September. When we talk about the characteristics of wood material which prefers small bark beetle of spruce, we can say that he prefers to inhabit thinner parts of trunk with thin and smooth rind. In the object of research for monitoring of population of bark beetle P. chalcographus was used trap trees. As a measure to combat the small spruce bark beetles are strongly advised in due time, autumn and winter, remove the dried trees and trees with drilled bark beetles. Maintenance and establishment of forest order to reduce the amount of wood material suitable for the settlement of bark beetles.
SELECTION OF REGRESSION MODELS FOR GRAPHICALLY DETERMINED SITE CLASS CURVES FOR FIR IN UNEVEN-AGED STANDS IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
Authors: Balić Besim , Ibrahimspahić Aida , Lojo Ahmet , Avdagić Admir
Published: January 2022

UDK: 630*54:582.475(497.6)

In expert activities of forest managements, the forest stand volume is most frequently determined by way of volume tables, the so-called management tariffs. For an evaluation of stand volume using this method, the method of volume tables, it is necessary to know the site class (rating) of the stand for present tree species that is used as an argument for the selection of suitable volume progression (management tariff). The site quality for certain species in mixed stands is determined by comparing the height of trees at certain diameters at breast height (dbh) with the height of appropriate dispositions of height site class curves. In so doing the focus is placed on the ratio between the heights of large diameter trees, and the quality of the stand is rated within an interval of more defined site quality classes. For the purposes of a more objective and simpler  assessment of site quality, there have recently been attempts to make site quality assessments mathematically, using appropriate formulas in which tree heights or average heights by diameter classes and heights determined by mathematical functions of site class curves are used. For economically important tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina (fir, spruce, beech, sessile oak, black pine and scots pine), the dispositions of height site class curves (and classes) are constructed graphically and mathematical functions for them are not known. A large number of mathematical models that are often used to represent growth trends and that satisfy the needs of height curves is analyzed in this paper with a view to determining the most suitable regression model for simulating height site class curves for fir in high forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The expanded Prodan model (with an additional item in the denominator) has been selected as the most suitable one on the basis of statistical indicators of the regression model quality.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Gojak-Salimović Sabina , Šljivo Emina , Vidić Danijela , Čulum Dušan
Published: January 2022

UDK: 633.88:547.56

This study aimed to analyse and compare the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of three medicinal plants: hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.), rosemary (Rosmarinus spp.) and savory (Satureja spp.). The plant extracts were prepared using maceration process. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as a standard and the antioxidant activity was analysed using the Briggs-Rauscher reaction method. The inhibition times produced by plant extracts on an active Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction mixture were recorded potentiometrically. The total phenolic content was found 0.27, 1.29 and 1.43 mgGAE/g of dry extract for hibiscus, rosemary, and savory, respectively. Good correlation was found between the total phenolic content and the Briggs-Rauscher inhibition times (R2 = 0.994).
DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF INNOVATION IN FORESTRY – INNOVATION AWARDING PROGRAMS AND SITUATION IN CROATIA
Authors: Šporčić Mario , Landekić Matija , Đuka Andreja , Bakarić Matija
Published: January 2022

630:330.341.1(497.5)

Paper deals with promoting and fostering innovation in the forest-based sector. It presents concepts and initiatives which have an important role in encouraging and strengthening innovation in forestry. Two prominent international programs covered by the paper include “Schweighofer prize” which represents Innovation Award for the European Forest-Based Sector and the “KWF Innovation medal” awarded by Kuratorium für Waldarbeit und Forsttechnik – KWF (Center for Forestry Work and Forestry Technology), for the most innovative forestry developments. The overview of selected programs includes nomination and evaluation procedures, innovation categories and prizes, and particularly recent winners i.e. awarded innovations. Additionally, the paper describes the status of innovation in Croatian forestry and elaborates adopted solutions in stimulating the innovation in state-owned forest company. In this respect, indicators of relatively low innovation culture, and the regulation of innovation activity in the forest company are presented. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of development and promotion of innovation in forestry, raise the awareness about innovation, and ultimately contribute to the stimulation of innovation activities and development of innovation culture in forestry.
APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN HUNTING
Authors: Grubešić Marijan , Kunovac Saša , Rapaić Živko , Bašić Mustafa , Tomljanović Kristijan
Published: January 2022

UDK: 639.1.05/.08

The development and application of new techniques and technologies in hunting management, scientific research and professional work in the hunting domain is a continuous process. Numerous technical achievements are often applied and targeted operationally in hunting and the exploration of game and its habitat.

When analysing the past period, and the latest technical and technological achievements in hunting, one can point out several very significant examples of the application of new techniques and technologies in hunting, such as:

The development and application of live game capture methods, with particular emphasis on catching chamois in Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Chemical immobilization (tranquilizing) in research or transport of live game;

The use of sensory cameras (photo traps) for game tracking and surveillance of the hunting grounds (ordinary sensory cameras, IC cameras);

Telemetric tracking of game, from large carnivores up to small game species with classic devices and GPS devices;

Measuring microclimate elements with precision instruments on selected micro locations in wildlife habitats;

Use of sensory sound repellents for game-avoidance (ultra - and infrared devices);

Use of lightweight unmanned aerial vehiclesfor wildlife habitat analysis using a classical camera;

Use of lightweight Unmanned aerial vehiclesto determine the numerous status and game structure using a thermal imaging camera;

All the above-mentioned techniques and technologies have given, and make, a significant contribution to the scientific research work in the field of hunting and to a large extent in the daily operational application of hunting management, monitoring and protection of game and animal species.
Internacionalización de la educación superior en el oeste de Santa Catarina: la experiencia de una universidad comunitaria
Authors: Freitas Silmara Terezinha , Pinto de Almeida Maria de Lourdes , Palmeira Rodrigues Diego , Pezavento Karla
Published: January 2022

Este texto surge de un macroproyecto de investigación desarrollado por el Grupo Internacional de Estudios e Investigaciones de Educación Superior - GIEPES UNICAMP, que investiga la internacionalización de la educación superior en territorio iberoamericano. En esta investigación participan veintidós (22) universidades de nueve (9) países, siendo una de ellas la Universidad del Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc), institución caracterizada por el modelo comunitario, de carácter público de derecho privado, ubicado en el occidente de Santa Catarina. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar cómo la Unoesc desarrolla sus procesos de movilidad académica en estudios de pregrado y posgrado, entre sus profesores, estudiantes y técnicos administrativos. La metodología científica utilizada en esta investigación fue la histórico-crítica, basada en la Pedagogía Histórico-Crítica, desarrollada por Saviani (2013), y que tiene como uno de los pilares maestros el materialismo histórico dialéctico. El instrumento de categorización fue el análisis de contenido de Bardin (2016). Como resultado, se evidenció que para la Unoesc la movilidad académica sigue siendo uno de los mayores frentes de internacionalización. Cabe mencionar que la internacionalización sigue siendo el camino para consolidar la investigación, la docencia y la extensión, con el objetivo de no perder su espacio frente al mercado competitivo. Además, cuenta con un organismo específico, desde 2010, para tratar temas relacionados con la movilidad académica, demostrando que desde hace 11 años esta Institución de Educación Superior se preocupa por tener frentes de internacionalización más allá del mercado capitalista.
Educação remota emergencial na formação inicial docente: desafios e possibilidades no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Pinheiro Viviane , Guedes de Seixas Beattriz
Published: January 2022

A pandemia de Covid-19 interrompeu as atividades presenciais nos cursos de formação inicial de professores no ensino superior, tornando a educação remota emergencial como uma possibilidade de manter os vínculos entre estudantes e universidades. A partir de estudos sobre formação inicial docente no panorama atual brasileiro, o presente artigo objetiva analisar a migração para a educação remota emergencial de uma disciplina previamente planejada para o modelo presencial em uma universidade pública brasileira, por meio de entrevistas com dezesseis estudantes participantes do curso. A análise, qualitativa e descritiva, das percepções e sentimentos dos licenciandos, sinalizou os desafios enfrentados e as possibilidades de tal experiência. Os resultados apontam como desafios a autonomia requerida pelo contexto, o manejo repentino de ferramentas digitais e a vivência de um cenário complexo, envolvendo demandas profissionais, pessoais e familiares. A comunicação, a organização rápida, a postura da docente e a diversidade de estratégias metodológicas foram ressaltados como potencialidades da disciplina no modelo empregado. Conclui-se que manter os fundamentos da ética, do respeito e da autonomia na formação dos futuros professores, bem como considerar a complexidade do contexto de pandemia por meio de um processo formativo humanizado, foram chaves para oferecer um curso que atendesse às necessidades educacionais contemporâneas.
Review on village/backyard/ poultry production system in Ethiopia
Authors: Shukurala Chaimiso
Published: January 2022

A review was undertaken to obtain the related research results and facts on village/backyard/ poultry production systems in Ethiopia with the aim of bringing synthesized and summarized information to the beneficiaries. Poultry production has a major role in poverty alleviation by means of income generation and household food security. Village/backyard/ chicken production system is characterized by low input and output scavenging, with minimal investment in housing, feeding, watering, and chicken health management systems. The village chicken production system in Ethiopia is extensive and dominated by indigenous chickens that exhibit remarkable adaptation to local environments. Generally, it is concluded that the village/backyard/ chicken production system offers many people the opportunity to improve their livelihoods, suggesting that improvement of the chicken management system, breeding, production environment, farmers‟ access to inputs and markets needs to focus on the back yard chicken production system.
A AUTOGESTÃO NO AMBIENTE PROFISSIONAL: APORTES E CONTRIBUIÇÕES
Authors: Gabriela Guichard de Lima Beck  , De Souza Matos Roberta , Manoel de Souza Irineu
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal realizar um mapeamento sobre o tema autogestão no ambiente profissional na ótica dos pesquisadores. Denota-se que questões como alienação no trabalho, autonomia, realização profissional, autocontrole e cooperativismo vêm surgindo com certa frequência no mundo da ciência organizacional. A empresa moderna é mecanizada e intensifica ao máximo o controle e a autoridade. A autogestão então aparece como uma proposta de emancipação desses trabalhadores, na medida em que esses conseguem, sem a presença da hierarquia, exteriorizar suas personalidades e aptidões profissionais. No trabalho autogestionário, o funcionário passa do estado de trabalhador alienado para um enriquecido, autônomo, no qual o mesmo passa a ser responsável pela sua produção. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos essa pesquisa classifica-se como quali-quanti, possui natureza básica e em relação ao seu objetivo, esse estudo configura-se como exploratório e descritivo. Através dessa pesquisa pode-se concluir que o tema autogestão ainda é pouco abordado nos estudos, fazendo-se necessário que mais pesquisadores tragam contribuições para a ciência desse tema.
Identification in Drug Prescription using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Roy Alekhya
Published: January 2022

Medication errors are one of the safety problems most frequently seen in hospital organizations. It is estimated that 12.2% of all hospitalized patients are involved in some form of adverse drug event (ADE). A significant amount of ADEs result from handing the incorrect drug to a patient or prescribing the wrong medication. Issuing of correct prescriptions is a foundation of patient safety. Many times it has happened thatdue to the doctor’s illegible handwriting, wrong prescriptions are bought by the customer. In this paper, variousmethods using artificial intelligence to identify drugs prescribed for patients and to minimise errors which havebeen happening before. Keywords: Look-Alike, Sound-Alike, Optical Identification, Pill Localisation, You Only Look Once
Osteological Materials of Ivanovka Severnaya Classical Time Settlement in the Eastern Crimea
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasparov Alexei , Vinogradov Yuri ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The study of ancient settlements in Eastern Crimea is of great scientific importance. In 2017, Ivanovka Severnaya settlement was studied on the route of the Kerch — Feodosia highway under construction. Here, a series of pits was excavated, dating to the middle of the 4th — beginning of the 3rd centuries BC. Excavations most likely affected the outskirts of the ancient settlement. The osteological materials are very interesting. They are represented by the bones of horses, cows, sheep; the number of pig bones is relatively small. The settlement had a well-developed poultry. It is assumed that this is an agricultural settlement in the distant surrounding of the capital of the Bosporus Kingdom.
“Potters’ Quarter” (sector “ГШ”) and its Place in the City Grid and in Economy of the Archaic Borysthenes
Authors:   National Historical and Archaeological Reserve “Olbia” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bondarenko Denys , Chistov Dmitry ,   State Hermitage Museum
Published: January 2022

The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the results of excavations of “ГШ” sector in the central part of the archaic Berezan Island site conducted by IA NASU archaeological team in 2006—2016. The uncovered structures, apparently, belonged to one household, which had an area of ca. 300 sq. m., which, in turn, was located in the territory of a city quarter of irregular shape. In the third quarter of the 6th century BC this household was a pottery workshop: during the excavations, five kilns were discovered, with grayware lamps and tableware of various shapes, imitating waveline East Greek pottery. The workshop was focused on small-scale production of a wide range of tableware, intended mainly for the local market, which probably had a very limited capacity in the third quarter of the 6th century BC. This complex is the oldest evidence of the commercial pottery production among the North Pontic ancient Greek sites. It is important both for understanding the economic growth of the first apoikia in this region and in the context of the Berezan settlement development. The time of its appearance coincides with the alleged re-foundation of Borysthenes — the emergence of a large group of Ionian colonists in the 540s BC, which led to the rapid urbanization of the settlement, the development of crafts and monetary circulation. The arrived craftsmen set up various handicraft industries in a new place, but the metallurgical workshops located on the territory of the early dugout settlement ceased to function or were transferred to the outskirts of the city’s new quarters.
Greek Painted Pottery of Archaic Time from the Chobruchi Settlement on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester
Authors:   Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko, Fidelski Sergey , Теlnov Nicolai ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko
Published: January 2022

The paper publishes finds of antique painted pottery of the 6th century BC, discovered in the multilayered Chobruchi settlement in the Lower Dniester region. The materials are represented by ceramics of the Eastern Greek and Attic manufacture with a significant predominance of vessels from the North Ionian centers (Chios, Klazomenai and Samos). Eastern Greek ceramics includes open vessels (craters and bowls) and closed vessels (amphorae, alps, askeys, etc.). Attic pottery is represented mainly by vessels of open forms (kiliki and/or bowls). The collection of antique painted pottery from the Chobruchi settlement in total dates to the 6th century BC. Its appearance in the barbaric environment clearly demonstrates the emergence of trade relations between the local population and the ancient world. Apparently, the main sources of archaic painted ceramics for the site were the Greek cities-colonies of the North-West Black Sea region, first of all Olbia, as well as the Berezan settlement, from where the closest analogies of East Greek ceramics came to Chobruchi. The connection between Berezan and Chobruchi, in addition, is confirmed by the presence on the Chobruchi settlement of vessels made in the workshops of the Borysthenes.
Two Ritual Deposits from the Time of the Mithridatic Wars from the Lower Don Region
Authors:   “Archaeological research Bureau” LLC, Glebov Vyacheslav , Dedyulkin Anton ,   Southern Federal University
Published: January 2022

The article is about two ritual deposits of the 2nd—1st centuries BC from the Lower Don region. The first votive hoard was found in 2018 in the inter-mound space of Turbuta III burial ground and transferred to the NovocherkasskMuseum of the History of Don Cossacks. The complex consisted of a crumpled bronze situla and helmet, a set of silver phalerae and a frontlet, as well as six sets of bits and cheekpieces. In 2016, information about another ritual deposit from illegal excavations in the Rostov region got on the Internet. Both complexes are very similar in composition, the nature of ritual damage, and the way things are placed. Phalerae and the frontlet from Turbuta III find close analogies in the well-known Starobelsk hoard. Obviously, in the Lower Don region, the same pattern can be traced as in the Northern Black Sea region — the connection of sets of phalerae with votive hoards. The helmets from both hoards are later versions of the Celtic helmets with a reinforced crown. It is difficult to determine unambiguously whether these helmets were made by Celtic armourer, or in a workshop of one of the Hellenistic kingdoms according to Celtic patterns. Situlae are believed to have been part of Roman military equipment. Probably, objects from both ritual deposits reflect participation of the Sarmatians in the Mithridatic wars, recorded in written sources.
Lakeside Settlement of the Beginning of the Iron Age in the Ural Taiga
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Borzunov Victor , Korochkova Olga ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Stefanov Vladimir ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: January 2022

The article presents the characteristics of the multi-temporal settlements that existed in the 8th—3rd centuries BC on the ruins of Shaitanskoe Lake II, a unique sanctuary of the beginning of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of the village Neivo-Rudyanka, Sverdlovsk Region. This is the first most fully investigated (1149 sq. m) site of the early Iron Age of the mountain-forest Trans-Urals, located on a low lakeside terrace. The ceramic and tool complexes of the Gamayun culture, descendants of the taiga tribes of Western Siberia, who came from the north, as well as the communities of the local Itkul’ and heterogeneous Iset’ cultures, characterize the inhabitants of the settlements as settled fishermen and hunters who were familiar with the basic producing economy (livestock maintenance, copper foundry). The absence of long-term stationary dwellings and a powerful cultural layer is typical for ancient seasonal summer camps and villages. The presence of a small amount of ceramics from Gorokhovo and Baitovo cultures documents forced relocation of a part of the population from the Tobol region into the Trans-Ural taiga in the 5th—3rd centuries BC, under the pressure of cattle-breeding tribes of the Sargat culture, ancient ancestors of the Hungarians, moving from the Ishim-Irtysh forest-steppe.
A Study of the Archaeozoological Collection from the Ashna-Pando Hillfort in the Middle Sura Region
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Vyazov Leonid , Asylgaraeva Gulshat ,   Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Gismatulin Marat ,   Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore named after I. A. Goncharov
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of processing of the archaeozoological collection from the excavations of the Ashna-Pando hillfort (Surskiy district of the Ulyanovsk region), carried out by P. D. Stepanov in 1949. The collection (2,760 bone fragments) belongs to three cultural layers identified at the site: the Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture of the Bronze Age, a specific local cultural group of the Early Iron Age and the Imenkovo culture of the late period of the Migrations era. It is the materials of the Migration period that are of the greatest interest. During that time, Ashna-Pando, in all likelihood, played the role of a local communal center — a place for meetings of the community. The collection of bones from the Imenkovo assemblage seems to reflect periodic joint meals rather than daily consumption. In general, the meat diet of the Imenkovo population, especially for the last period of the occupation of Ashna-Pando, was characterized by the increasing role of hunting for forest fauna, which, in combination with the finds of agricultural tools in Ashna-Pando as well as in other settlements of the Imenkovo in the Sura region, reflects the decisive role of slash-and-burn farming in the economic system.
“Eating foxes, forest cats, and wild boars, howling each other like wolves”: Pseudo-Maurice, Pseudo-Caesarius and Procopius about the Slavs before Maurice
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Shuvalov Petr
Published: January 2022

The examination of the early layer in the Strategikon by Pseudo-Maurice and dating it to the 530s raises the question about correlation of the data on the Slavs contained in this early layer with the data of other sources about the Slavs of thisperiod (first of all, Procopius and Pseudo-Caesarius). Their comparison shows almost complete consistency of the resulting image of the Slavs in the first third of the 6th century: Slavic society and culture appear as completely archaic and patriarchal, egalitarian and based on a lycanthropic cult. At the same time, sources on the Slavs of the last third of the same century (the indicated passages of Pseudo-Maurice being excluded) suggest a Slavic society with a developed institution of leaders’ power. This allows us to make an assumption about a revolutionary development of the Slavs in the 6th century.
Artificially Deformed Skulls from the Frontovoe 3 Burial Ground
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Svirkina Natalia , Dobrovolskaya Maria ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The paleoanthropological materials from fully studied 228 burials of Frontovoye-3 burial ground it is possible to characterize the deformed skulls frequency and their shape in burials dating back to late 1st — early 5th centuries AD. We esteem the tradition of baby’s head artificial deformation as related to gender culture, which is passed on from one generation of women to the next. There were found only seven cases of deformities, which is less than 3 % of the total number of individuals studied. With the contours of the skull sagittal sutures compared, traces of slight annular deformation were found on six male skulls of mature and older age. The skull of one young woman shows traces of annular deformation with the effect of slight skull elongation. We discuss the hypothesis that the tradition of insignificant deformation of baby’s head was observed by a very limited part of society. Nevertheless, this tradition has been preserved throughout the entire existence of the necropolis. The same picture can be observed in a series of paleoanthropological materials from the Roman period from the necropolises of Chersonesos, Phanagoria, and burial grounds of the Abrau Peninsula. This situation contrasts with the high frequency and significant severity of deformed skulls among the population of the Lower Don and Volga regions, Northern Ciscaucasia.
Running Weasel, Crouching Lion and Lurking Cat: Archaeozoological Materials on the Lower Danube
Authors:   South Ukraine Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Sekerskaya Elena
Published: January 2022

The article addresses finds of bones of carnivores of the families Felidae and Mustelidae in the South-West of modern Ukraine in the context of domestication of their individual representatives. Published finds come from the monuments of Orlovka/Kartal (layers of cultures of Cernavoda, the Thracian Hallstatt and the first centuries AD) and Novoselskoe (Thracian Hallstatt). Bones of a wild forest cat, a lion, a domestic cat, a rock marten and a marbled polecat have been identified in the archeozoological materials. Paw prints of another small predator, weasel, were found on a fragment of Roman tile. Accounts from ancient writers mention the practice of using representatives of the marten family and domestic cats, but much later in time, for the elimination of mouse-like rodents. Archeozoological materials from the sites in the Lower Danube region confirm the appearance of a domestic cat on the territory of the South-Western part of modern Ukraine only in Roman time.
Red-slip Ware Ceramics of the End of the 1st — First Half of the 3rd Centuries from Frontovoe 3 Burial Ground (chronological and planigraphic analysis)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukhanov Evgeny
Published: January 2022

Frontovoe 3 burial ground is located in the South-Western Crimea. The cemetery in question appeared in the late 1 st century AD and existed as long as the early 5 th century AD. There are two periods in functioning of this cemetery. Most of them belong to period 1, which is dated to the late first century — first half of the 3rd century AD. Red-slip ware is a numerous category of finds in period 1 graves. The article deals with the chronological analysis of this material based on the distribution of different types in deposits. The study was based on representative complexes containing at least two different types of red-slip vessels. The principal component analysis is the leading technique of research. The graves of period 1 are divided into three chronological groups. The reference types of red-slip vessels, characteristic of different chronological groups, are identified. The chronological groups well illustrate the spatial development of Frontovoe 3. The earliest burials are concentrated in the northwestern part of the cemetery. Over time, it expanded first eastwards, and only began to grow in the direction of the southeast.
Finds of the Silver Neck Rings from the Great Migration Period, “with a Faceted Hoop and a Double-Loop Lock” from the Territory of the Belarusian Neman and Dvina Region
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, Plavinski Mikalai , Liwoch Radosław ,   Archaeological Museum in Kraków
Published: January 2022

The article addresses a series of finds of silver neck rings from the Migration Period — two whole (Afieraŭščyna, Vialikaje Sialo) and one fragmented (Haradzišča) specimen — from the territory of Belarusian Neman and Dvina Regions, belonging to the type that in Russian-language literature is called neck rings “with a faceted hoop and a double-loop lock”. The dating of finds from Afieraŭščyna and Vialikaje Sialo can be determined on the basis of analogies within the framework of the 5th and, possibly, 6th centuries. The situation with a fragment of a neck ring from the open settlement Haradzišča is more complicated. Considering the fact that this artifact was found in fragmented form, in fact — as a weight silver, one cannot exclude that it could fall into obsolescence somewhat later than other neck rings of this type, and can be dated within the 5th—7th centuries. The finds of silver neck rings “with a faceted hoop and a double-loop lock” from the territory of Belarusian Neman and Dvina Regions significantly broaden the knowledge of the area of distribution of this type of the Great Migration Period neck rings.
On the Chronology of the “Hoards” of Horse Harness of Early Sarmatian Age
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Symonenko Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

In 2017, a ritual deposit was found accidentally near Malynivka village in Petrovo district of Kirovohrad region. It belongs to the category of sites known in the literature as “odd” assemblages (M. B. Shchukin), the votive or ritual “hoards”. The find consists of Roman provincial bronze vessels (Bargfeld type situla and Aylesford type pan), silver and lead bridle roundels, five pairs of iron bits and cheek-pieces, five frontlets with a hook, and ten iron socketed arrowheads. Parallels to these items are dated to the 2nd—1st centuries BC. The Aylesford pan, which was first found in the North Pontic region, specifies the date of the assemblages to the first half of the 1st century BC. The topography of the parallels makes it possible to associate this find with the Northwestern Caucasus or Kuban region and determine its cultural affiliation as Sarmatian. The date and cultural attribution of the assemblage does not exclude the connection of this and similar “odd” assemblages (Marievka, Bădragii Noi, Vesela Dolyna, Hordashivka, etc.) with the raids of the Sarmatians and Maeotians from Kuban region.
Comparative Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Two Groups of Barbarian Coins: Struck Imitations and Cast Copies of Roman Imperial Denarii
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Sidarovich Vital , Ermalitskaia Ksenia ,   Belarusian State University
Published: January 2022

The territory of Belarus is one of the peripheral zones of the distribution of struck and cast barbarian imitations of the denarii of the Roman Empire. The study of these coins, carried out using laser atomic emission spectroscopy, showed that struck imitations differ little in their elemental composition from genuine denarii, and the composition of cast copies is very diverse — from specimens made of base metals (copper, tin and lead) to coins with very high silver content. Taking into account the differences in technology and, probably, in the chronology of the production of these groups of coins, the data obtained as a result of the analysis let us think about the existence of two relatively independent production traditions in the barbarian coinage. It can also be assumed that the functions of struck and cast imitations in barbarian society were different, as indicated by the absence of cast copies in the hoards of imperial denarii.
Golden Jewelry from Frontovoe 3 Cemetery: Composition and Manufacturing Techniques (Preliminary Results)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saprykina Irina , Pelgunova Lubov ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
Published: January 2022

The article presents the first results of a study of the composition of metal and manufacturing techniques of golden jewelry from excavations on the Roman Time Frontovoe 3 cemetery. The authors offer summarized data about the content of gold and the main manufacturing methods for part of the jewelry from the collection. Presence of jewelry, most likely inherited and found in later burials, is a distinctive feature of the studied sample. Gold composition was analyzed by non-destructive research methods such as XRF, SEM-EDX. It was established that the content of gold decreased gradually, from 910 in the 1st century AD to 800—840 in the 3rd century AD. The lowest content was recorded for elements of funeral wreaths — they were specially made for the ceremony. The remaining decorations are personal items, including those with traces of repair; jewelry was made in the traditions of the jewelry school of the Northern Black Sea region, possibly in localBosporus workshops. The decreasing content of gold in decorations from Frontovoe 3 seems to reflect the general situationwith the exploitation and depletion of the resource base of the Roman Empire. At the same time, jewelry from Frontovoe 3, when compared with synchronous data from Phanagoria, show a higher content of gold, similar to the data on gold in jewelry from Chersonesos.
Excavations of the Kultobe Settlement of Arys and Kylyshzhar Burial Ground in South Kazakhstan
Authors:   South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Podushkin Aleksandr , Donets Andrey
Published: January 2022

The article addresses the main results of the activities of the South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University’s Archaeological team in 2020 field season under the regional research program “Monuments of writing and archeology of the state of Kangyuy (Kangju) in the 2nd century BC — 4th century AD”. The team conducted systematic excavations on the Kultobe Arys settlement (rabad territory) and the Kylyshzhar burial ground (southwestern group of burial mounds, mounds 11 and 12). In the course of work on the Kultobe settlement, an assemblage of archaeological finds was obtained, including ceramics of various functional purposes, tools made of stone, bone, and an epigraphic artifact — a full text in Proto-Sogdian (Kangju) writing on a ceramic brick-table. The uncovered catacomb burials of the Kylyshzhar burial ground made it possible to obtain archaeological complexes of the 1st—3rd century BC, possibly the beginning of the 4th century AD (ceramics, jewelry, household items), which by their historical and cultural parameters are associated with the Sarmatian-Xiongnu world of Central Eurasia and the state of Kangju.
Crypt of the Roman Times from the Barrow Necropolis of Vinogradnoe-7 Settlement on the Taman Peninsula
Authors:   Kuban State University, Limberis Natalia , Marchenko Ivan
Published: January 2022

The authors publish and study items from the crypt, discovered in one of the burial mounds of the necropolis located on the Phanagoria Chora. The crypt, built around the middle of the 1st century AD, was used for 50—70 years. In the early period of the crypt’s existence (mid–third quarter of the 1st century AD), 6—7 burials were made, and fully robbed later. The next one was burial III in the southern part of the chamber. This burial was also robbed in antiquity, but some of the bones and items remained in place. In the northern half of the crypt there are intact burials I and II with accompanying equipment. The inventory of the three surviving burials contains terra sigillata, glass vessels and fibulae. The chronology of these objects made it possible to limit the final stage of the crypt’s existence to the last quarter of the 1st century AD — the beginning of the 2nd century AD.
The Materials from Ai-Todor Burial Ground in the Collection of the State Historical Museum in Moscow, from V. D. Blavatsky’s Excavations: revisiting the forgotten collection
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Strokov Anton , Kamelina Galina ,   State Historical Museum, Moscow
Published: January 2022

It is the first full publication of materials from burials of the Ai-Todor burial ground excavated in 1932 and kept in the Historical Museum in Moscow. The origin of some finds from exact graves is not clear. After examination of all available data (from publications and archives), we have restored the context of most finds. We pay special attention to finds of coins and buckles that allow us to specify the chronology of the above-mentioned materials. The studied burials from the southern area of the burial ground (the latest one) can be dated to the 2nd half of the 4th — early 5th centuries. We have obtained some new evidence of contacts between the people who were buried in Ai-Todor and the Chernyaknov culture (rings with bent ends) as well as people who lived in late Sarmatian age Crimea, e. g. in Druzhnoe or Neyzats (fire striking tools).
Horse Burials in the Opushki Cemetery
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Khrapunov Igor , Shabanov Stanislav ,   Non-Profitable Foundation “Heritage of Millennia”
Published: January 2022

The article addresses horse burials in Opushki cemetery located in the central part of the Crimean piedmont. The site has been studied since 2003. Over 50 horse burials have been discovered, made in ground pits of special construction, located in a compact area on the cemetery. Frequently, horses are accompanied by dogs in these burials. Graves were filled with stones, thus forming quite remarkable mounds. The animals were buried fully harnessed. The iron bits with cheek-pieces, buckles, rings and other elements of harness find analogies among the late Scythian and Sarmatian antiquities of the 1st—2-nd centuries AD.