bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCIA DEL GENOTIPO Y FECHA DE SIEMBRA EN LA CALIDAD DE SEMILLA DE SORGO INFECTADA CON ERGOT
Authors: Cisneros-López Ma. Eugenia , Mendoza-Onofre Leopoldo E.
Published: October 2020

El “ergot” o cornezuelo es una enfermedad causada por el hongo Claviceps africana Frederikson, Mantle & de Milliano que origina pérdidas en el rendimiento de semilla de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Además, la semilla producida por las flores adyacentes a las infectadas se contamina con el exudado del patógeno y se coloniza por hongos saprofitos, que disminuyen la calidad. En este estudio se evaluó la germinación, viabilidad, vigor, conductividad eléctrica, peso y calidad sanitaria de semilla de dos líneas androestériles sembradas en mayo y junio de 2006 en Montecillo, Edo. de México (2200 msnm), con y sin fungicida (Thiram®), combinados con tres grados de severidad de infección a la panoja (0, 10 y 50 %) causada por el patógeno, en condiciones de infección natural en campo. A los 8 d después de la cosecha, el genotipo y la fecha de siembra tuvieron mayor efecto (P ≤ 0.05) que el fungicida y la severidad de C. africana en la calidad física y fisiológica de la semilla. La semilla de la línea androestéril A1 tuvo mejor calidad, germinación y vigor que la línea A9. La semilla del lote sembrado el 5 de mayo fue mejor que la del 10 de junio. En promedio, hubo 31 % menos colonias fungosas en la semilla tratada con fungicida que sin éste y las semillas de panojas sanas tuvieron la mitad de colonias que las que presentaron 50 % de severidad. En general, la calidad sanitaria de la semilla fue afectada por el grado de daño a la panoja causada por el ergot en campo, pero no por la aplicación de fungicida a la semilla.
VALORES CRÍTICOS PARA EVALUAR PROYECTOS AGRÍCOLAS EN ESCENARIOS DE PRECIOS ESTOCÁSTICOS
Authors: Domínguez-Alonso Roberto , Brambila-Paz José de J. , Mora-Flores J. Saturnino , Martínez-Damián Miguel A.
Published: October 2020

A partir de la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), en México ha habido una reconversión de los cultivos considerados menos rentables como algunos cereales, hacia otros más rentables como frutales y hortalizas. Al hacer la estimación del valor que indica cuántas veces mayor debe ser el valor del proyecto respecto a la inversión para que ésta sea rentable, en escenarios de precios estocásticos, dicho valor resultó mayor en frutales y hortalizas que en los considerados menos rentables. El valor crítico promedio fue de 1.39 para cereales, de 1.45 para hortalizas y de 1.64 para frutales. Por tanto, la inversión en frutales y hortalizas es más riesgosa y se debe esperar un mayor valor del proyecto que en cultivos considerados menos rentables.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO EN EL CENTRO DE MÉXICO. IMPLICACIONES PARA SU CONSERVACIÓN
Authors: Ventura-Ríos Araceli , López-Upton Javier , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Guerra-de la Cruz Vidal
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las condiciones ecológicas de 29 poblaciones de Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco en los Estados de Hidalgo, Puebla y Tlaxcala, ubicados en la región central de México. Se estimó una población total de 9029 árboles adultos en 682 ha que se ubican desde 2450 a 3400 m, en suelos con pH ligeramente ácidos, ricos en materia orgánica y clase textural francoarenosa y franco. Las localidades se ubican en clima templado, con temperatura media que oscila de 10.1 a 14.0 °C, y una precipitación media anual de 611 a 1109 mm. P. menziesii convive con Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham. y varias especies de los géneros Pinus y Quercus, en exposiciones N, NO y NE. El tamaño poblacional varía de 4 a 1450 árboles maduros; 11 de las poblaciones presentan menos de 100 árboles adultos. La regeneración es escasa en todas ellas y existe gran fragmentación en su distribución natural. Con base en un análisis de agrupamiento se detectó similitud entre las poblaciones de Hidalgo (Zona I) y entre las poblaciones de Tlaxcala y Puebla (Zona II), cada zona con seis grupos de poblaciones. Se recomienda intercambiar material genético dentro de grupos y ocasionalmente entre grupos, para restablecer el flujo génico entre poblaciones y propiciar mayor variabilidad genética. Se discuten algunos aspectos clave para la conservación de estas pequeñas poblaciones.
ESTABILIDAD A TRAVÉS DE AMBIENTES DE LAS PROPIEDADES REOLÓGICAS DE TRIGOS HARINEROS EN FUNCIÓN DE SUS GLUTENINAS DE ALTO PESO MOLECULAR
Authors: De la O-Olán Micaela , Espitia-Rangel Eduardo , Molina-Galán José D. , Villaseñor-Mir Héctor E. , López-Sánchez Higinio , Peña-Bautista Roberto J. , Santacruz-Varela Amalio
Published: October 2020

Con el propósito de determinar las combinaciones alélicas de gluteninas de alto peso molecular (G-APM) y estudiar la estabilidad conferida por dichas combinaciones sobre las propiedades reológicas de la masa en trigos harineros mexicanos, se evaluaron las variedades ‘Náhuatl F2000’, ‘Pavón F76’, ‘Temporalera M87’, ‘Rebeca F2000’, ‘Tlaxcala F2000’, ‘Gálvez M87’, ‘Zacatecas VT74’, ‘Romoga F96’, ‘Juchi F2000’ y ‘Batán F96’. Los genotipos se sembraron en 22 ambientes de temporal o secano en los Estados de México, Tlaxcala, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Guanajuato, Morelos y Querétaro, durante los ciclos P-V/1999 y 2000, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con dos repeticiones. Se evaluaron las propiedades viscoelásticas (reológicas) de la masa mediante las variables tiempo de amasado (min), alveograma-W, alveograma-P/L y alveograma–P/G. Se estimaron los parámetros de estabilidad mediante cuatro modelos diferentes. Las variedades ‘Náhuatl F2000’, ‘Pavón F76’ y ‘Temporalera M87’ poseen las subunidades de G-APM en Glu-A1 2*, Glu-B1 17+18 y Glu-D1 5+10 (combinación 1); las variedades ‘Rebeca F2000’, ‘Tlaxcala F2000’, ‘Gálvez M87’, ‘Zacatecas VT74’ y ‘Romoga F96’ en Glu-A1 1, Glu-B1 17+18 y Glu-D1 5+10 (combinación 2); y las variedades ‘Juchi F2000’ y ‘Batán F96’ en Glu-A1 2*, Glu-B1 7+9 y Glu-D1 5+10 (combinación 3). Hubo diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.01) en todas las propiedades viscoelásticas para las combinaciones de GAPM. La combinación alélica 2 fue la más estable sobre las propiedades reológicas de la masa, y fue superior en algunas características viscoeláticas como fuerza de la masa. Por tanto, las variedades que poseen esta combinación son muy deseables para la industria mecanizada.
EFECTO DEL ETILENO SOBRE EL ACC Y ACC OXIDASA EN LA MADURACION DE PAPAYA ‘MARADOL’
Authors: De la Cruz Javier , Vela Gilber , Dorantes Lidia , García Hugo S.
Published: October 2020

Frutos de papaya ‘Maradol’ (Carica papaya L.) fueron tratados con etileno en aire sintético (0, 100, 300 y 500 µL L-1) en contenedores de fibra de vidrio a diferentes tiempos de exposición (8, 16 y 24 h). Después del tratamiento, los frutos fueron transferidos para su maduración a temperatura ambiente (25 °C). Los análisis efectuados en cada tratamiento fueron: firmeza, azúcares reductores, sólidos solubles, acidez titulable, color de cáscara y pulpa (Hue), velocidad de producción de etileno (VPE), contenido de ácido 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxílico (ACC) y actividad de la enzima formadora de etileno (ACC oxidasa). Los resultados indicaron que el primer cambio notable fue el color en la cáscara (amarillo) y en la pulpa (naranja), típicos en un fruto listo para el consumo. Los frutos expuestos a 500 µL L-1 de etileno por 16 y 24 h mostraron un pico climatérico un día después del tratamiento, mientras que los frutos expuestos por solamente 8 h mostraron su pico climatérico 2 d después de la exposición al etileno. Las papayas expuestas a 500 µL L-1 de etileno por 16 y 24 h produjeron bajos valores de Hue en menos tiempo que el testigo, y su contenido de ACC aumentó a 2.7 nmol g-1 h-1, la actividad de la ACC oxidasa a 3 nL g-1 h-1 , y la velocidad de producción de etileno (VPE) a 24 nL g-1 h-1 . Estas condiciones permitieron que se alcanzaran valores de firmeza de 5.2 kgf cm-2 y 12 % de sólidos solubles a los 6 d a 25 °C. El contenido de azúcares reductores, valores de pH y la acidez no mostraron diferencias significativas (P > 0.05) entre tratamientos. Los frutos testigo alcanzaron valores similares después de 8 d de maduración directa. Los resultados sugieren que es posible acelerar la maduración de papaya ‘Maradol’ de 8 a 3 d por exposición a atmósferas con etileno.
EFECTO DE VARIEDADES Y DENSIDAD DE PLANTACIÓN EN LA CALIDAD FÍSICA DEL FLORETE DE BRÓCOLI (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Fraire-Cordero Ma. de Lourdes , Nieto-Ángel Daniel , Cárdenas-Soriano Elizabeth , Gutiérrez-Alonso Gabriel , Bujanos-Muñiz Rafael , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto
Published: October 2020

En 2005 y 2006 se evaluaron ocho y doce cultivares comerciales de brócoli respectivamente, en Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, México, en tres densidades de plantación (55, 65, 75 mil plantas ha-1), en parcelas de 48 m2. Al momento de la cosecha se midió diámetro del florete, diámetro del hueco en el tallo y número de minifloretes, y se registró la pérdida de peso a temperatura ambiente (18-25 ºC) en las 40 h posteriores a la cosecha. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad de plantación tiene un efecto inversamente proporcional al diámetro de florete y al hueco en el tallo. La densidad de 55000 plantas ha-1 produjo mayor diámetro de florete y de hueco en el tallo, mientras que la densidad de 75000 plantas ha-1. El cultivar ‘Monaco’ presentó el mayor diámetro de florete, ‘Ironman’ tuvo el menor diámetro de hueco en el tallo. El número de minifloretes no estuvo influenciado por la densidad de plantación, pero sí por el cultivar ya que las vars. ‘Grandísimo’ y ‘Avenger’ superaron a los demás en cantidad de minifloretes. La menor pérdida de peso se registró en floretes a una densidad de plantación de 65000 plantas ha-1.
LA RELACIÓN K+ /Ca2+ DE LA SOLUCIÓN NUTRITIVA AFECTA EL CRECIMIENTO Y CALIDAD POSTCOSECHA DEL TULIPÁN
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez Maribel , Trejo-Téllez Libia I. , Gómez-Merino Fernando C. , Sánchez-García Prometeo
Published: October 2020

El tulipán (Tulipa gesneriana L.) es una especie de importancia ornamental, así como para las industrias de cosméticos y farmacéutica. Para su cultivo se requieren condiciones edafoclimáticas especiales y se conoce poco sobre los requerimientos nutrimentales para su óptima producción, en especial de las proporciones potasio/calcio (K+/Ca2+) utilizables bajo producción en hidroponía. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de nueve relaciones K+/Ca2+ (5.5/7.5, 5.5/9.0, 5.5/10.5, 7.0/7.5, 7.0/9.0, 7.0/10.5, 8.5/7.5, 8.5/9.0 y 8.5/9.0 molc m-3) de la solución nutritiva preparada mediante el método propuesto por Steiner, sobre indicadores de crecimiento y calidad postcosecha del tulipán cv. ‘Ile de France’. Este cultivar de tulipán mostró respuestas diferenciales a la relación K+/Ca2+ en la solución nutritiva. La mejor respuesta correspondió a la relación K+/Ca2+ 8.5/9.0, donde registró la mayor altura de tallos florales, firmeza, contenido de clorofilas al final de la vida de florero, azúcares totales y vida de florero. En cuanto a la partición de K+ y Ca2+ en la planta, se observó que para K+ no se encontró una tendencia de acumulación definida que pudiera ser atribuida a los tratamientos. El Ca2+ si afectó la calidad y vida de florero. En plantas con la relación 8.5/9.0 se encontró la menor relación de acumulación de Ca bulbo/vástago y la menor relación de acumulación de Ca2+ tallo/hoja, lo que implica mayor acumulación de Ca2+ en vástago que en bulbo, y hubo mayor acumulación de Ca2+ en hojas que en tallo, lo cual se refleja en una mejor respuesta de crecimiento y de calidad postcosecha.
ESTIMACIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE ÁREA FOLIAR EN LA RESERVA DE LA BIÓSFERA MARIPOSA MONARCA
Authors: Velasco-López Silvia , Champo-Jiménez Omar , España-Boquera Ma. Luisa , Baret Frédéric
Published: October 2020

El índice de área foliar es la principal variable biofísica utilizada para modelar muchos procesos vegetales. En el presente trabajo se propone un método para obtener un mapa del índice de área foliar en la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, basado en el ajuste de una función de transferencia radiativa entre estimaciones del índice de área foliar obtenidas en unos pocos puntos de muestreo con fotografías hemisféricas y los datos radiométricos correspondientes de una imagen del satélite SPOT (satellite pour l’observation de la Terre). Previo al ajuste de la función de transferencia, los datos fueron corregidos del efecto del relieve. Se eligió una combinación lineal de bandas de la imagen SPOT (r = 0.608, RMSE = 0.493). La aplicación de la función de transferencia a la imagen de la reserva permitió construir un mapa de índice de área foliar y evaluar el estado del bosque en una fecha cercana a la declaración de reserva de la biósfera. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el marco del proyecto internacional VALERI (validation of european remote sensing instruments).
LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT ESTIMATION IN THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY BIOSPHERE RESERVE
Authors: España-Boquera Ma. Luisa , Lobit Philippe , Castellanos-Morales Vilma
Published: October 2020

Chlorophyll is an essential element of photosynthesis and its content in plant leaves indicates their photosynthetic capacity as well as the presence of stress or diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of estimating chlorophyll content in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve forest (Sierra Chincua sanctuary, México) based on vegetation indices calculated by using hyperspectral reflectance measurements of plant leaves. This study focused on oyamel (Abies religiosa L.) which is the main tree specie of this area. Leaf samples were taken on 140 trees and analyzed for chlorophyll a and b, nitrogen and carbon content. The hyperspectral reflectance spectra were measured on each sample and different vegetation indices were calculated. Results showed that the indices best correlated with chlorophyll content were the red edge position index (r = 0.531) and the red edge position chlorophyll reflectance index (r = 0.506), followed by the MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll index (r = 0.497) and the green chlorophyll reflectance index (r = 0.472). Although there was a significant correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll content, none of the indices studied here correlated with nitrogen content. The influence of various environmental factors (altitude, slope, vegetation density and aspect) on leaf composition (nitrogen, carbon chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio) and on the vegetation indices was studied. Environmental factors had an influence on both leaf composition and vegetation indices. Chlorophyll and nitrogen content were influenced mostly by the altitude and slope of the site while vegetation indices were affected mostly by its orientation.
SEMILLA DE MAÍZ BAJO LA INFLUENCIA DE IRRADIACIÓN DE CAMPOS ELECTROMAGNÉTICOS
Authors: Domínguez-Pacheco Arturo , Hernández-Aguilar Claudia , Cruz-Orea Alfredo , Carballo-Carballo Aquiles , Zepeda-Bautista Rosalba , Martínez-Ortíz Efraín
Published: October 2020

La energía electromagnética actúa sobre la materia e interrelaciona con los organismos biológicos, en cada etapa de desarrollo desde la germinación, y por ello puede ser una técnica de bajo costo para mejorar la calidad de semilla. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la irradiación electromagnética sobre la calidad fisiológica de la semilla de maíz (Zea mays L.), del híbrido experimental ‘CL-11 x CL-12’, con un campo electromagnético de baja frecuencia. Se compararon 12 tratamientos de campos magnéticos, con intensidades de 160 y 560 mT y siete tiempos de exposición (t) de 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 y 480 min, en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en la velocidad de emergencia y porcentaje de establecimiento de plántulas al cuarto día, y al día 17 en el peso seco. Se detectó bioestimulación positiva con exposición de 30 y 60 min a una intensidad de 560 y 160 mT (dosis de 705.6 y 27.42 K J m-3 s-1, respectivamente). Con la dosis de 705.6 K J m-3 s-1 hubo un incremento significativo de 69.2 % en comparación con el testigo en velocidad de emergencia, de 90.5 % en establecimiento de plántulas y de 36.6 % en peso seco.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN ALGUNAS ESPECIES DE AMARANTO (Amaranthus spp.)
Authors: Legaria-Solano J. Porfirio
Published: October 2020

Se evaluaron 103 colectas de plantas del género Amaranthus previamente clasificadas mediante datos morfológicos como pertenecientes a razas de alguna de las tres especies cultivadas: A. hypochondriacus, razas ‘Mercado’ (7), ‘Azteca’ (38), ‘Nepal’ (30) o ‘Mixteco’ (1); A. caudatus, raza ‘Sudamericana’ (12); y A. cruentus, raza ‘Mexicana’ (15); para determinar la diversidad genética entre y dentro de razas y especies, obtener las huellas genéticas correspondientes, y hacer comparaciones para diferenciar sus variantes genéticas. El análisis de 141 fragmentos RAPD generados de 16 iniciadores reveló que A. hypochondriacus y A. caudatus están genéticamente más relacionadas, y que la especie más alejada fue A. cruentus. Entre razas de A. hypochondriacus, ‘Mercado’ y ‘Azteca’ mostraron estar genéticamente más cercanas entre sí y alejadas de ‘Nepal’ que agrupó a mayor distancia. La diversidad genética detectable en Amaranthus se encuentra dentro de especies y razas, más que entre especies y razas. El porcentaje de loci polimórficos entre poblaciones fue de 73.05 %, y dentro de poblaciones hubo baja variabilidad genética para la mayoría de ellas, con porcentajes de loci polimórficos que variaron de 27.66 % para A. caudatus raza ‘Sudamericana’ hasta 65.96 % en A. hypochondriacus raza ‘Azteca’. El índice de diversidad genética de Nei (N) promedio fue de 0.15, que indica baja diversidad en las poblaciones. El grado de flujo genético (Nm) fue de 1.43, que indica que hay menos de dos individuos migrantes por generación entre las poblaciones evaluadas.
OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞUNDAN GÜNÜMÜZE BÜTÇE HAKKININ GELİŞİM SÜRECİ
Authors: ERGEN Zuhal , DURAK OLDAÇ Burcu
Published: October 2020

Parlamenter
sistemlerin gelişimiyle halkın mali konular hakkında söz sahibi olması şeklinde
tanımlanan bütçe hakkı, yaklaşık 800 yıllık bir demokrasi mücadelesi
neticesinde elde edilmiştir. Bütçe hakkına ilişkin ilk kıvılcım İngiltere’de ateşlenmiş
ve ardından diğer ülkelere yayılmıştır. İngiltere’de yönetim ve millet
arasındaki mücadele neticesinde imzalanan ilk yazılı belge Magna Carta’dır. Ülkemizde
ise bütçe hakkının gelişimi cumhuriyet öncesi dönemde batıdakinin aksine halk
iradesini kabul ettirme çabaları sonucunda değil yenilikçi devlet adamlarının
girişimleri neticesinde yaşanmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra ise gerek
çıkarılan anayasalarda gerekse kanunlarda bütçeye ve bütçe hakkına dair kesin
ve net hükümlere yer verilmiştir.

Bu
çalışmada bütçe ve bütçe hakkı kavramlarına yer verildikten sonra ülkemizde
bütçe hakkının gelişim süreci hakkında bilgi verilip, çıkarılan anayasalar ve
kanunlar çerçevesinde ne gibi düzenlemeler yapıldığı açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır
LYKOS LAODIKEIASI’NDAN TURNA KUŞU KABARTMALI BİR BLOK
Authors: YILMAZ KOLANCI Bilge
Published: October 2020

Laodikeia, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilen anıtsal ve ihtişamlı yapıların nitelikli ve zengin dekorasyonu ile dikkat çeken önemli antik kentlerden biridir. Kazı çalışmalarında açığa çıkartılan ve Kuzey (Kutsal) Agora olarak isimlendirilen temenos alanında ele geçirilen mimari blokların dekorasyonu da bu zenginliği yansıtır niteliktedir. Çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturan turna kuşu kabartmalı konsollu geison sima bloğu, yapılarda uygulanan dekorasyon programının sadece bezeme amaçlı değil, yapılarla ve dönemin ideolojisiyle bağlantılı sembolik işlev taşıdığını göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Yine söz konusu kabartma, antik dönemde bölgenin faunası hakkında da fikir sunmaktadır. Yelveler (Gruidae) familyasına dâhil olan, yerli ve yaz göçmeni turna kuşu (Grus grus L.), antik çağın önemli bir mevsim sembolü olup çiftçi toplumlara tohum atma dönemini haber veren, bereket ve bolluk kültleriyle ilişkili kutsal hayvanlardan birisidir. Kentin önemli bir kutsal alanına giriş kapısında karşımıza çıkan kabartma, bu ideoloji çerçevesinde mimari yapının dekorasyon programına dâhil edilmiş, İmparatorluk ve tanrılar aracılığıyla kentin topraklarına sunulan bereketi ve zenginliği, yaşanan refah ortamıyla birlikte Laodikeia’da başlayan yeni altın çağı ifade etmiş olmalıdır.
GIS analysis of the spatial location of kurgans in the context of their preservation as objects of historical and cultural heritage
Authors: Poletaev Arseniy
Published: October 2020

The article provides an overview of the mounds as unique objects of natural, historical and cultural significance. Scientific directions are identified, the objects of study of which are mounds. Brief information is given on such databases as the Eurasian Kurgan Database and the geoportal “Archaeological sites of Crimea”. Various types of GIS analysis (analysis of the density of mounds, analysis of the location of mounds relative to land plots, analysis of the location of mounds by height above sea level, analysis of aggregation of mounds at various distances) were carried out within a research site located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The technique of using ArcGIS geoprocessing tools in this study is described. During the analysis, a database of mounds was used, which was created earlier on the basis of high-resolution satellite images, archival cartographic materials covering data on the study area since the 19th century. The structure of the database of mounds used in this study is shown. It was revealed that the density of mounds within the research site at the beginning of the 21st century was 0.4 mounds per km2. It is established that 38 % of the mounds are located on land plots. It was revealed that most of the mounds are located at altitudes of 100-200 m above sea level. It was shown that single mounds are the most numerous among groups of mounds with a higher level of aggregation. Peculiarities of using the method of grouping mounds by aggregation levels are revealed. When using information on aggregation levels, the mounds located on land plots were divided into groups; recommendations were made on measures to ensure the safety of the mounds in each group.
The reconstruction of the Siberian cities historical topography by means of GIS technologies (the case of Tobolsk at the turn of the 19th–20th c.)
Authors: Bryukhanova Elena , Krupochkin Evgeniy , Rygalova Mariya
Published: October 2020

The article presents the analytical results of the project to reconstruct the social space of the city of Tobolsk according to the First All-Russian Population Census of 1897. The project is comprehensive, interdisciplinary in nature and is represented by a multi-stage structure. The source base of the project is represented by various types of sources and allows to recreate an objective and fairly complete model of the topography of urban space. The possibilities and effectiveness of the using of geographic information technologies in the studying of urban space are repeatedly confirmed by both foreign and domestic researchers. Many of these projects are available as interactive maps in the public domain on the Internet. The project for the reconstruction of urban space of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c. included the development of the GIS “The population of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c.” and the presentation of the results in the form of an interactive resource posted in the public domain with its further analysis. The city can be considered as a constantly developing phenomenon. The development of its environment is influenced by various external factors. In direct relationship with the city is its population. The objective of the project at the stage of analytical work is identification of the features and patterns of the influence of urban space on the distribution of the population, taking into account its estate, confessional, professional affiliation, i.e. the formation of the social topography of urban space. Tobolsk was chosen as a city, which preserved a significant number of written and visual sources (photographs). The results of the project showed the appropriateness of applying GIS technologies, which makes it possible to extend this experience to the study of the topography of other Siberian cities.
Methodical framework for developing interactive web maps based on the example of Struve Geodetic Arc UNESCO World Heritage Site
Authors: Manerov Martin , Syuzyumov Arseniy , Tyurin Sergey
Published: October 2020

Today, interactive maps are gaining popularity and are used by both specialists and ordinary users in various fields of science and technology. However, the development of the theoretical base of web cartography and the development of interactive maps lags significantly behind the practical component. Moreover, a systematization of the principles of user-centered design in the field of web mapping is necessary. The aim of this work is to create a methodical framework that can be universal for most interactive web map development projects. The creation of the framework is based on the established scheme of interactive web maps development, the ideas of user-oriented design, as well as on the personal experience of the authors in the development of interactive web maps.

The methodical framework covers the following aspects: the need for interactivity of web maps, accessibility on various devices, the dimensional aspect of a map, data structuring, the choice of elements of interaction, the need of usage of third-party maps, multilinguality, the ability to upload user-generated content, the need to create animations, and the choice of the base software. The developed framework helps to form the determining part of the conception of an interactive web map, which is a fundamental step in the proposed process of a web map development. Moreover, the framework facilitates the process of creating interactive web maps and opens up new possibilities and development methods for specialists in web cartography.

The authors, using the interactive web map dedicated to the World Heritage Site “Struve Geodetic Arc”, which was developed by them, as an example, clearly demonstrated the conceptual development process based on the methodical framework.

The terminology is considered and a new definition of an interactive web map is given.
Application of GIS technologies to study the territories of the archaeological heritage: A case of the rural district of Tauric Chersonesos, Crimea
Authors: Lisetskii Fedor , Terekhin Edgar , Poletaev Arseniy , Buryak Zhanna
Published: October 2020

Archaeological postagrogenic landscapes are characterized by large heterogeneity of soil and vegetation cover and variability of soil properties, which is due to the long history and evolution of agricultural practices. The study of such territories is promising, using the capabilities of GIS technologies and geostatistical analysis for visualization and subsequent meaningful interpretation of spatially distributed information. The purpose of the research was the first study and a comprehensive assessment of the maturity of the soil and vegetation cover of the still preserved steppe ecosystems (on an area of about 760 ha) in the ancient allotments of Tauric Chersonesos (South-Western Crimea), which were created in the 4th century BC and have been used for over four centuries. Geoinformation analysis made it possible to establish the basic territorial patterns of distribution of indicators of the land cover (organic carbon content, C:N ratio, soil colour, soil red index, projective cover with feather grass, its height and projective cover with steppe litter) and their integral estimates for a potential agricultural zone Chersonesos, which is considered to be included in the land cadastral system of the state. The frequency of distribution of the grape plantation within the boundaries of the allotments decreases in the direction from northwest to southeast, which was established using archival satellite imagery and aerial photography on the territory of the rural district of Chersonesos (chora). This regularity could be reflected in the properties of plantation ploughing soils that in ancient times were turbocharged to a depth of 60–70 cm (more clarified by colour, less humus), and more often represented by remote sensing data in the north-western and central part of the rural district of Chersonesos. The performed geoinformation analysis of spatially distributed information on the colour, content of Corg, and C:N values in fallow soils and vegetation cover indicators confirmed the need to divide the chora into two agro-economic zones, which reflect differences in the specialization of agriculture (perennial plantations closer to the city (orchards and vineyards) and remote land in the southeast with predominantly grain farming). The use of spatial analysis tools to study ancient agricultural regions has new opportunities for identifying patterns in the heterogeneity of soil and vegetation, which allows it to be recommended for multidisciplinary studies of other postagrogenic landscapes of the ancient world.
Remote sensing in the study of Late Bronze Age settlements in North-Western Crimea
Authors: Smekalova Tatiana , Kashuba Maja
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the results of applying a comprehensive interdisciplinary methodology combining remote sensing methods, GIS, geophysical and archaeological research the Late Bronze for revealing and investigation of the Late Bronze Age settlements in the North-Western Crimea. The discovery of these settlements causes a certain difficulty, since they are buried under a layer of soil and do not have direct visual signs. A comprehensive step-by-step method of non-destructive remote sensing was developed, including the analysis of high-resolution satellite images in the Google Earth Pro resource, identifying promising areas by plant and landscape features, creating GPS routes for ground reconnaissance, geophysical surveys (magnetic and electromagnetic) on promising areas for identifying Late Bronze Age settlements, GPS mapping of surface material, point archaeological sounding. All the results obtained are placed in a special geo-information system, the substrate layers of which are detailed topographic, soil, geological, hydrogeological, digital relief maps. As a result, 48 new settlements of the Late Bronze Age were identified, including 19 settlements with double stone pens. These pens were first discovered only with help of remote sensing methods, especially magnetic surveying. The final answer about the existence and layout of the settlement of the Late Bronze Age before the archaeological excavations is given only by magnetic and electromagnetic surveys. The GIS created on the monuments of the Late Bronze Age in the North-Western Crimea will serve both scientific purposes and to preserve the cultural heritage of the Republic of Crimea, which is especially important in conditions of rapid economic development of land and the construction of trunk roads.
Cartographic interpretation of the “meta” notion in the cultural heritage context
Authors: Chabaniuk Viktor , Polyvach Kateryna
Published: October 2020

The monograph [Aslanikashvili, 1974] does not define the term “metacartography”, although the notion itself is described in sufficient detail to be understood. A. Aslanikashvili’s metacartography has proven to be very useful in considering the relations between modern systematic cartographic phenomena, which are often relate to Web 2.0 cartography. The article offers a practical interpretation of the “meta” notion in such phenomena as National Atlases, National Spatial Data Infrastructures and OpenStreetMap. This is done using the Conceptual Frameworks (CoFr) method and the Atlas Extender (AtEx), which allow extending atlases in the classical sense to extended atlas systems. AtEx implements a CoFr method of relational cartography based on patterns (hereinafter RelCa), among which are relational patterns of “meta”. CoFr describe the structure of spatial information systems in an extended sense, and relational cartographies are defined as the coordinated art, science and technology of making and using relations in (extended) cartographic systems and between (extended) cartographic systems. Due to this we can consider relational spaces that have a lot in common with the specific spaces of A. Aslanikashvili. To apply the RelCa methods, the understanding of “metacartography”, “map meta-model” and “map language” notions have been updated. For this purpose, Model-Based Engineering (MBE) has been used, an area of computer science that is evolving in our century. The analogies between BMI constructions, modern systematic cartographic phenomena and A. Aslanikashvili metacartography are shown. It has been proved abductively that in modern conditions the field of cartography research needs to be extended by relational spaces or to a system of spatial systems of a certain epistemological structure. Important in this structuring is the relation of “meta” that A. Aslanikashvili began to explore. The abduction proved the presence and necessity of using the “meta” relation when constructing cultural heritage maps. In particular, the interpretation of the “meta” relation for choropleth maps is proposed, modeling the saturation assessment of the country by the entities of the material cultural heritage. The results obtained will be included in the Atlas of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.
Anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in 19th–20th centuries
Authors: Nikolaishvili Dali , Sharashenidze Manana , Tolordava Revaz , Maglakelidze Robert , Kvetenadze Manana , Kharebava Nino
Published: October 2020

During the period of 19th–20th centuries, there wasn’t cardinal scales of environmental degradation on the territories of Georgia, like in many regions of the world. However, this does not mean that there are no significant anthropogenic modifications to the landscape. At different times these changes were of varying intensity and territorial proportions. The aim of this study is to determine the scale of changes in various landscapes in Georgia during this period of time and the main driving forces behind them. In order to achieve this goal, the population density, the specific share of agricultural lands, especially the number of polluting industrial sites, etc., were determined by individual landscapes. It was determined which anthropogenic impacts (resettlement and large-scale construction, water and air pollution, transport, uncontrolled nature use, etc.) became the major determinants of this or that landscape. There have been identified the landscapes where the speed of use of natural resources is significantly higher than that natural resources of self-repair. The study identified 6 categories of anthropogenic transformation of Georgian landscapes.

On the basis of research the degree of anthropogenic transformation of Georgia’s landscapes were established. Practically completely and strongly changed landscapes occupy only 20 % of the whole area of Georgia.The greatest area, almost 60 % of Georgia occupied by poorly changed landscapes.
Spatial analysis of depopulation in Georgian villages
Authors: Laoshvili Zurab , Iremashvili Ana , Grigolia Lado
Published: October 2020

The process of emptying the mountainous regions is a serious problem in the world today, which has become quite large scale. The mountainous regions have always been an important strategic objective, characterized by a healthy ecological environment, vast freshwater resources, biological and landscape diversity, endemic species of cultural and natural vegetation, unique and exciting forms of agriculture, architecture, ethnic culture, military-defense by purpose, by the development of cult-religious processes, etc.

The process of depopulation of the mountainous regions is a serious problem in the world today, which has become quite scalable. Population migration from mountainous areas is mainly due to harsh climates, scarce land resources, underdeveloped infrastructure, low incomes, poor access to health care and less prospects for development. With few exceptions, where a very attractive socio-economic environment is created, in mountainous areas, often even a more dramatic and very dramatic picture emerges, largely due to the fact that residents are leaving their homes and not only small settlements or villages, but also larger administrative districts. Units remain. Emigration from rural areas has a negative impact on agriculture, which is one of the main axes of the economy. Farming has not yet developed — it needs support.

According to the 2014 Census, Georgia has a total of 3633 villages, of which 223 are without permanent residents, and 1 in 10 of the 255 villages is a threat to rural protection, although tourism and other processes have slowed these processes down.

As an example, we took one of the abandoned villages of Botko and its surrounding area as a classic example of the depopulation of mountainous regions in Georgia.
ANALISIS INOVASI MANAGERIAL KEPALAH SEKOLAH DALAM MENJAGA EKSISTENSI MIS 01 LEBONG TAMBANG
Authors: Kartika Sisvi , Warlizasusi Jumira , Rifanto Aan
Published: October 2020

A qualified madrasah is strongly influenced by the leader’s role of the Madrasah per se because managerial abilities are a significant factor in determining the success of education. One of which is by making educational innovations at the Madrasah (school) that he leads. The head of a Madrasah that has seriousness and high working performance will be capable of making good innovations. Besides, such innovations should also be espoused by reliable managerial abilities in order to capably realize an effective, conducive, and dynamic Madrasah. This study sought to find out a depiction of the managerial innovations made by the principal of MIS of Lebong Tambang in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu, in an effort to maintain the existence of Madrasah he leads. This study used a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques deployed observation, interview, and documentation techniques, and then the data were analyzed in ways according to Miles, Haberman and Saldana. This study concluded that the principal together with all teachers strived to make innovations through: preparation of school planning; development of school organization; effective involvement of teachers and staffs at school; management of facilities and infrastructure; student management; curriculum development; and management of school financial and administration.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN GURU DAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP PRESTASI DAN MUTU SEKOLAH PADA SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Arifin Alvin
Published: October 2020

This study examines the effect of teacher commitment and learning strategies on school achievement and quality in integrated Islamic elementary schools in Sumenep district. This research is a quantitative study. Data collection techniques by giving questionnaires to teachers. The population of this research is all teachers who teach in integrated Islamic elementary schools in Sumenep Regency with a sample of 46 teachers. The analysis used is descriptive analysis and partial least square analysis with SmartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that teacher commitment and student achievement have a positive and significant effect on school quality. Learning strategies do not have a direct influence on school quality. Teacher commitment and learning strategies have a positive and significant effect on achievement. Achievement mediates the effect of teacher commitment on school quality significantly. Achievement does not mediate the effect of learning strategies on school quality.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU HONORER
Authors: Maharani Maharani , Zakaria Zakaria , Rasmi Muh.Rasmi
Published: October 2020

The main problem in this research is 1) How to provide compensation in MA Al-IhsanKajuara Awangpone District Bone Regency. 2) How is the performance of the honorary teacher in MA Al-Ihsan Kajuara Awangpone District Bone Regency. 3) How is the effect of giving compensation to the improvement of the performance of honorary teachers in MA Al-Ihsan Kajuara Awangpone District Bone Regency.The research method used is descriptive quantitative research and population in this study were all honorary teachers who tought the at the school with a sample of 16 honorary teachers. Research instruments using questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis with the product moment statistical test. Based on the results of data analysis using descriptive statistics, it is known that the average value for compensation (X) is 16, number 16 is in the sufficient category and the average value for the performance of honorary teachers (Y) is 52,25, number 52,25 is in the good category. While the results of the statistical analysis of the product moment show the regression test results obtained bythe value of =0,685, this proves that the provision of compensation for the performance of honorary teachers is relatively strong. Then used the F statistic with the criteria for rejecting test  if with a value 12,364,60. This shows that there is a positive and significant effect between the provision of compensation to the improvement of the performance of honorary teachers in MA Al-Ihsan Kajuara Awangpone District Bone Regency.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI UPAYA MA’RIFATULLAH
Authors: Aziz Asep Abdul , Budiyanti Nurti Budiyanti , Ahmad Nurwadjah , Suhartini Andewi , Prayoga Ari Prayoga
Published: October 2020

Facing this modern era, ma'rifatullah is faced with increasingly complex life challenges. The reality of education also continues to experience severe moral degradation. The reason is one of them is due to the shifting of part of human thought from virtuous life orientation to the pursuit of hedonic and materialistic lifestyles. The purpose of this research is to uncover and analyze a synergistic approach that can revive human interest in opening and studying the values of ma'rifatullah and the space to apply them especially in Islamic education referring to the Koran and Hadith. The method to be used is the study of literature. The type of data used is secondary data with literature study data collection techniques. Based on the findings and analysis in this study, namely; firstly, ma'rifatullah is the main goal of developing all human potential, when a human manifests his spiritual power, then easily deliver it to ma'rifatullah. Second, the educational implications of this concept include the goals, roles, functions, principles, educators, students, material, methods and educational media. All of that must have a positive influence on the mind and heart in increasing all the potential possessed by humans. Thus, all the educational components are directed towards ma'rifatullāh.
STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC ASCITES
Authors: Revathy M S , S Zameer Ahamed , B Sumathi , S Chitra
Published: October 2020

Background: Pancreatic diseases and their complications are common in the Indian Subcontinent. The exact prevalence of the pancreatic ascites is not known. Estimated prevalence is 3.5% in patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6%–14% in patients with pseudocyst. Aim: To study the clinical profile of patients with pancreatic ascitesand to identify the cause of patients with pancreatic ascites. Material and methods: Prospective, descriptive study. Consecutive patients with pancreatic ascites admitted between January 2018 and December 2019 were enrolled. Data retrieved included demographic, clinical profile and etiology of pancreatic ascites. Results:Total number of study subjects was 26, majority were males (25/26), with mean age of 36.8 years. Most common symptom was abdominal pain and abdominal distension in 18 patients (69 %).Majority of patients had chronic pancreatitis (88.7%). Alcohol is the most common etiology in 23 (88.7%) patients. Conclusion: The results of our study suggests that the majority of patients with pancreatic ascites were having chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst and alcohol consumption as a leading cause.
“DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC SATISFACTION OF NEUROSURGERY RESIDENTS -BASED ON A CROSS SECTIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY IN KERALA."
Authors: Gopal Vinu. V. , Balakrishnan P. K.
Published: October 2020

Surgical training is different from medical training where resident learns from doing surgeries and observing surgical skills from the senior faculty in addition to reading books. There is insufficient literature regarding the lacunae in current surgical training in our medical colleges. Aim of the survey is to identify the determinants of academic satisfaction of neurosurgery residents undergoing the present surgical training program in kerala.This survey determines the factors affecting academic satisfaction from a student perspective which will definitely be an eye opener regarding the benefits as well as drawbacks of the present curriculum in Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross sectional survey of neurosurgery residents was done using a prevalidated questionnaire and send by email . It covered demographics ,the overall satisfaction and variables related to aspects of residency training like 1)surgery related 2)clinical care related 3) education related variables which are collected on a 5 point leikert score scale and scored. Responses obtained were enterd in SPSS data sheet and analysed . RESULTS The response rate was 60% .The average age of surgery residents in our survey was 30.4±2.59 years,majority being males (83%).Majority(41.7%) of residents who participated and responded to the survey were satisfied with the current surgical training. The residents were more satisfied if 1)faculty allowed residents to perform the important steps in the operations but without being overly supervised (p=0.049) 2)if they scrubbed more than 25 cases last month(p=.011); and 3) if they involve with the faculty in management decisions.(p=.032). CONCLUSION: The survey highlighted that faculty should support and give residents freedom to share a keyrole in patient management decisions .Improving resident satisfaction may help encourage more medical students to enter neurosurgical profession.Present survey will definetly guide curriculum management committees in health universities