bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin Color Bias and Racial Prejudice: Pre-Interview Impressions of Hispanic Sales Applicants
Authors: Watson Stevie , Alexander-Laine Ayanna , Chambers Denise , Patton Theresa T.
Published: August 2024

This study tested for an interaction between applicant skin color (light vs. dark) and racial prejudice (high vs. low) on salespersons’ pre-interview impressions of Hispanic sales applicants. Using a sample of 193 White salespersons, the results of between-subjects ANOVA revealed a significant interaction. High-prejudice salespersons held less (more) favorable pre-interview impressions toward dark-skinned (light-skinned) Hispanic sales applicants than did low-prejudice salespersons. In addition, high-prejudice and low-prejudice salespersons exhibited different skin color biases for the Hispanic sales applicant. The findings suggest that diversity issues in sales employment should extend race and ethnicity paradigms to include skin color.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Entrepreneurial in Rural Areas: Case of Selected Ten Counties in Northeast North Carolina
Authors: Oriaku Ngozi
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the challenges and opportunities facing entrepreneurs in Northeast North Carolina. Entrepreneurship has been practicing for many years in several countries and it has been a driving force for alleviating poverty in many countries especially in developing nations. Many policy makers and scholars strongly believe that economic growth can be achieved through entrepreneurship. The main objective of the paper was to identify the challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurs in Northeast North Carolina. The paper selected ten counties in Northeast North Carolina to examine the challenges that hindered the progress of entrepreneurs because they are not different from other entrepreneurs in developed and developing countries. To address the challenges of women entrepreneurs, it is significant to understand these challenges facing entrepreneurs in the ten selected counties in Northeast North Carolina. The paper concluded and recommended that government should encourage and support entrepreneurs in Northeast North Carolina so as to promote economic growth especially the affected ten counties
Optimizing network performance in large financial enterprises using BGP and VRF-lite
Authors: Olajide Soji Osundare  , Adebimpe Bolatito Ige
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews network performance optimization in large financial enterprises using Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Virtual Routing and Forwarding Lite (VRF-Lite). It explores the theoretical framework of these technologies, highlighting their role in enhancing network efficiency, security, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The challenges of complex financial networks, including scalability issues, security concerns, and regulatory compliance, are examined. The integration of BGP and VRF-Lite is presented as a robust solution for addressing these challenges. Implications for financial enterprises and future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting advanced network optimization strategies to maintain high performance and reliability in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi yang Mengakomodir Kebutuhan Siswa yang Beragam
Authors: Puspita Saragih Yenny , Akbar Saragih Rudi
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru SMP Negeri 2 Tanjung Morawa sering kali menyamakan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk seluruh murid. Padahal kesiapan dan gaya belajar murid yang berbeda-beda. Hal ini menyebabkan tidak semua murid dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan salah satu strategi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan setiap siswa, dimana siswa mempelajari materi pelajaran berdasarkan kemampuannya, apa yang mereka sukai, dan kebutuhan individu mereka sehingga mereka tidak frustrasi dan merasa gagal selama proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan dampak yang positif bagi peserta didik maupun guru. Guru merasa senang karena merasa bahwa kebutuhan peserta didiknya terpenuhi dan peserta didik merasa senang karena pembelajaran berdiferensiasi disesuaikan dengan minat, profil, dan kesiapan belajarnya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penilaian secara pretest dan posttest.  Hasil akhir penelitian ini, nilai siswa untuk hasil pretest rata-rata 55,5 dan hasil posttest, nilai rata-rata 78,25 merupakan informasi baik yang positif sebagai acuan guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran tersebut.
Pelatihan Tarian Etnik Makassar untuk Pemahaman Repertoire Sastra Sejarah
Authors: F. Amin Kasma , Amin Nurtaqwa , Muliadi Muliadi
Published: August 2024

Abstrak-Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan untuk  melatih siswa terampil melakonkan tarian etnik Makassar. Selain itu siswa diberi pemahaman tentang refertoire cerita perjuangan Masyarakat dalam meraih kemerdekaan Indonesia dalam tari etnik Makassar.  Tari etnik Makassar yang akan dijadikan objek pelatihan adalah tarian yang mengandung sastra sejarah seperti; Tari Pepek-pepeka Ri Makkang, Tari Ganrang Bulo, Tari Angngaruk, dan Tari Kondo Buleng. Tarian tersebut sesungguhnya memiliki repertoire cerita yang mengandung unsur sastra dan sejarah. Survei awal kepada siswa menunjukkan pengetahuan siswa tentang tarian tersebut masih sangat kurang. Beberapa tari etnik Makassar mulai tidak dikenal oleh siswa.  Siswa pada umumnya tidak mengetahui repertoire cerita yang tersirat dalam tarian. Pelatihan tari etnik Makassar  sebagai upaya mengenalkan cerita perjuanagan mengusir penjajah dari tanah air, melestariakan tari, seni dan budaya yang salah satunya sudah hampir punah. Dari empat tarian etnik Makasar dua diantaranya tidak dikenal oleh siswa. Kegiatan pelatihan diikuti oleh siswa sebanyak 20 siswa. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap tari etnik Makassar dan repertoire cerita yang mengandung Sejarah perjuangan merebut kemerdekaan Indonesia. Rangkaian tari tersebut sudah tidak pernah lagi dipentaskan secara utuh sehingga siswa tidak mengenal rangkaina cerita atau repertoire tarian etnik Makassar tersebut.  
Kata Kunci: Sastra Sejarah, Tari etnik Makassar, repertoir, dan pelatihan.
Tahu Sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Mie Dengan Cita Rasa Thailand
Authors: Hubner Ira Brunchilda , Surjady Stephanie , Wijanto Yemima Joycelyn , Juliana Juliana
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat tahu sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan mie dengan cita rasa Thailand. Tahu merupakan bahan makanan yang umum digunakan di Indonesia dan saat ini banyak orang yang menyukai tahu, oleh karena itu inovasi pembuatan mie akan menggunakan tahu sebagai bahan dasarnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan pada suatu produk yang disebut penelitian dan pengembangan. Cara penentuan sampelnya adalah dengan menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan datanya melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilakukan proses pembuatan mie ternyata tahu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan utama dalam proses pembuatan mie, selain itu mie berbahan dasar tahu banyak disukai konsumen karena mempunyai keunikan dan menarik. Penelitian ini hanya meneliti dua menu yaitu Tom Yam dengan mi tahu dan Pad Thai dengan mi tahu, maka diharapkan untuk penelitian yang selanjutnya menambah menu yang dapat menggunakan mi dengan bahan dasar tahu, seperti ramen dengan mi tahu dan baso dengan mi tahu. Selain itu, perlu juga dilakukan penelitian dengan menambah dan memperluas panelis agar hasil yang didapatkan lebih dapat mewakili sampel
Identification of 273 Clinical Aeromonas Strains with a Gold Standard Method and MALDI-TOF: A Review on the Limitations of the Method
Authors: Recio Gemma , Fernández-Bravo Ana , Latif-Eugenín Fadua , Tena Daniel , Rezusta Antonio , José Figueras Maria
Published: August 2024

The genus Aeromonas comprises Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. The dominating species in human infections are Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Aeromonas veronii and the disease presentations gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an extremely rapid method used in clinical microbiology laboratories to identify bacterial isolates at the genus and species level. The present study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the MALDI-TOF MS to identify 273 clinical isolates of Aeromonas that were also identified by rpoD gene. The latter recognized eight different species, but only 73.6% of the strains of six species were correctly identified with MALDI-TOF MS and results depended upon the species. The higher concordance was with A. veronii (92.8%), A. hydrophila (83.3%), A. caviae (73.1%), and Aeromonas media (60.0%). Our results and those of the reviewed literature corroborate that MALDI-TOF is a promising identifying method being the poorly updated database the main limitation. Improvement requires including a higher diversity of strains from all the described species which should be the responsibility of the provider.
Design and Development of Servo Drive Control System Based on DSP
Authors: Wei Ming-Yen
Published: August 2024

This chapter proposes the development of a motion control system combining a three-degree-of-freedom platform with immersive full-view 3D stereoscopic images. Initially, the visual effects computer and the three-degree-of-freedom rotating turret define network packet messages based on different scenes. When the visual effects computer receives joystick commands, it transmits control parameters to the image generator as control data. The turret servos and the visual effects computer then respectively report actual positions and joystick commands, exchanging relevant information via Ethernet. Subsequently, a three-axis control architecture is proposed, with a digital signal processor responsible for outputting pulse commands to the turret servos. This system integrates a controller to calculate pulse quantities and frequencies internally, ensuring good dynamic response, loading capacity, and tracking ability during manned operation and manipulation. The drive system utilizes the Texas Instruments TMS320F28377 digital signal processor as its core, performing logic operations, controller functions, and digital communication transmission. Hence, the hardware circuitry is relatively simple. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effective application of the proposed system, confirming its feasibility and correctness in practical applications.
Challenges in the Management of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Kim Youseung , Hsieh Jennifer , N. de la Torre Andrew
Published: August 2024

Hepatitis B infection remains a major public health concern, affecting over 250 million people worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite hepatitis B being a vaccine preventable liver infection, approximately 250,000 to 500,000 deaths yearly are attributed to hepatitis B infection, including mortality secondary to cirrhosis-related liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Finding a cure for hepatitis B remains an active challenge to the scientific community due to its unique formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Current management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) includes nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to disrupt viral replication. However, further studies are being conducted to completely eradicate cccDNA, representing a hallmark of complete cure from hepatitis B.
Navigating the Intestinal Parasite Landscape
Authors: Chawla Jyotsna , Bernard Joshua , Blavo Cyril
Published: August 2024

Intestinal parasitic infections afflict over 3.5 billion individuals globally, leading to an estimated 200,000 deaths annually. Acknowledging variations in susceptibility and outcomes across diverse demographic groups is essential for effective intervention. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of medically significant intestinal parasites, including three protozoa, two nematodes, two cestodes, and one trematode, selected specifically for their primary pathogenesis within the intestines. We offer comprehensive insights into their morphology, pathogenesis mechanisms, and current and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. By fostering a deeper understanding of intestinal parasitic diseases, this work aims to contribute to the formulation of targeted intervention strategies, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these widespread infections.
Behind the Scenes: The Realities of Stress in Public Service Jobs
Authors: Alkhudhayr Abrar , Aljabr Qasem
Published: August 2024

Imagine feeling constantly overwhelmed, underappreciated, and drained. This is the harsh reality for many individuals working in public service – the incredible individuals who uphold our communities. We all recognize them – the teachers, doctors, firefighters, and any social workers – they pour their hearts into their work, but the pressures of the job are pushing them to their limits. The project, named “Burned Out,” delves into the reasons behind why these individuals are experiencing such extreme burnout. We will explore the root causes of this stress, for example, heavy workloads, limited resources, or feeling like they have no control. However, the impact of burnout extends beyond just the individuals themselves; it negatively affects everyone. Exhausted employees are unable to perform at their best, resulting in a decline in the quality of the services we depend on. “Burned Out” does not just point out the problem; it offers solutions. We will explore ways public servants can manage stress and maintain a supportive environment and healthy work-life balance.
Analysis of Flow Dynamics and Energy Dissipation in Piano Key and Labyrinth Weirs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: F. Isleem Haytham , K. Elshaarawy Mohamed , K. Hamed Abdelrahman
Published: August 2024

This chapter investigates the flow dynamics and energy dissipation of Piano Key Weirs (PKWs) and Labyrinth Weirs (LWs) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. PKWs and LWs are nonlinear weirs designed to enhance discharge capacity and energy dissipation in reservoirs and flood control facilities. Our research employs the FLOW-3D and ANSYS models to analyze various geometric parameters and their effects on discharge performance and energy dissipation. For PKWs, the analysis indicates that trapezoidal PKWs outperform rectangular PKWs regarding discharge efficiency due to their larger inlet flow area and improved flow distribution. Additionally, moving the PKW overhangs toward upstream-zone enhances discharge performance, while moving them toward downstream zone increases energy dissipation. For LWs, the analysis demonstrated that LWs with smaller sidewall angles increase crest length, enhancing discharge performance but leading to early submergence, decreasing the energy dissipation. Finally, it concludes that PKWs and trapezoidal LWs have a new function as structures that dissipate energy near the maximum limit. The findings confirmed the ability of the FLOW-3D and ANSYS models to accurately predict the various flow characteristics. It also provides valuable insights for designing and optimizing PKWs and LWs to balance discharge efficiency and energy dissipation, ensuring the safety and resilience of flood control structures.
Portada / Cover
Authors: Ruiz-Mora Isabel
Published: August 2024

Portada / Cover
Medición y Evaluación en Comunicación / Communication Measurement and Evaluation.- Libro de Alejandro Álvarez Nobell
Authors: Decca Lorena Ivón
Published: August 2024

Reseña sobre el libro "Medición y Evaluación en Comunicación" en el que se aborda la importancia de contar con herramientas conceptuales y de gestión que permitan la articulación de la Planificación Estratégica en Comunicación con los objetivos generales de las organizaciones.Review of the book "Communication Measurement and Evaluation" which addresses the importance of conceptual tools that allow management and the joint Strategic Planning Communication with the general objectives of organizations.
Información Editorial.- Organization Chart
Authors: ALMANSA MARTÍNEZ ANA
Published: August 2024

EDITORAS.- (EDITORS)Ana Almansa Martínez (Universidad de Málaga, España)Isabel Ruiz Mora (Universidad de Málaga, España) COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO.- (ADVISORY BOARD)Anne Gregory (Leeds Metropolitan University, Reino Unido)Ana María Suárez (Universidad de Medellín, Colombia)Benoit Cordelier (Université du Quebec a Montreal, Canadá)Claudia Moura (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)Juan Carlos Molleda (University of Florida, Estado Unidos)Luiz Alberto de Farias (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil)Manuel Parés i Maicas (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España)Octavio Islas (Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, México)Cleusa M. Scroferneker (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)Rafael Obregón (University of Ohio, Estados Unidos)Thomas Tufte (University of Roskilde, Dinamarca)Valérie Carayol (Université de Bordeaux, Francia) CONSEJO ASESOR.- (EDITORIAL BOARD)Abilio M. Duarte José Lopes Fonseca (Instituto Superior de Maia, Portugal)Antonio Carlos Hohlfeldt (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)Bonita Dostal Neff (Valparaiso University, Estados Unidos)Enric Ordeix (Universitat Ramón Llull, España)Jordi Xifra Triadú (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, España)José Daniel Barquero Cabrero (ESERP, España)Juan José Larrea (Dircom, Argentina)  Lluís Pastor (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, España)María Ángeles Moreno (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, España)  María Teresa García Nieto (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España)Paolo Cardoso (Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal)Paul Capriotti (Universitat Rovira i Virgili, España)Sebastián Thuer (Universidad Rio Cuarto, Argentina)Sergio Celedón (Universidad de Viña del Mar, Chile)Yanyn Rincón Quintero (Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela) CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN.- (THE BOARD OF MANAGEMENT)DIRECTORA: Rocío Chamizo Sánchez (Universidad de Málaga, España)SECRETARIA: María Jesús Fernández Torres (Universidad de Málaga, España)  Alejandro Álvarez Nobell (Universidad San Jorge, España)Concepción Campillo Alhama (Universidad de Alicante, España)Emilia Smolak (Universidad de Málaga, España)Francisco Cabezuelo Lorenzo (Universidad CEU San Pablo Madrid, España)María Isabel Miguez González (Universidad de Vigo, España)Marta Pulido Polo (Universidad de Cádiz, España)Silvia Olmedo Salar (Universidad de Málaga, España)
Sumario.- Summary
Authors: RUIZ MORA ISABEL
Published: August 2024

Summary
Estudio exploratorio del Área de Relaciones Públicas y Protocolo en las Corporaciones Locales de la provincia de Sevilla / Exploratory Study about Public Relations and Protocol in Local Corporations of Seville
Authors: Fernández de los Ríos Murillo Ana , Rodríguez Castillo Lucía
Published: August 2024

Toda institución pública, simplemente por el hecho de serlo, comunica. Y para hacerlo bien, se servirá de las relaciones públicas. Para Gelonch I Viladegaut  (1999), va a ser en la necesidad de comunicación colectiva  y a través del ejercicio eficaz de las demandas sociales y de las estructuras de poder, donde política y relaciones públicas encuentren la interfase de su  mutua relacionabilidad.Por tanto, si la comunicación, y las relaciones públicas son básicas a la hora de comunicar desde un consistorio, el protocolo en los ayuntamientos quedará incluido dentro de esta  gran importancia, aún siendo la  entidad menor dentro de la estructura del Estado, como una herramienta de comunicación más. Lejos de la creencia de que es innecesario en ellos, la realidad nos dice continuamente lo contrario, pues no cabe duda alguna de que los ayuntamientos son las instituciones que mayor número de actos protocolarios generan. Es por ello que afirmamos que el protocolo en el ámbito local se convierte en una necesidad diaria.Este estudio busca analizar y dar a conocer esta importancia, el uso que se hace del protocolo en el día a día de las corporaciones locales, y que sin embargo, muchas veces se realiza desde el desconocimiento.
Relaciones Públicas 2.0 Hostilidad comunicativa en Redes Sociales. Estudio de Caso de Adidas Polonia en Facebook / Public Relations 2.0: Comunication hostility in Social Media. Adidas Poland in Facebook Case Study
Authors: García Ponce Damián , Smolak-Lozano Emilia
Published: August 2024

Las malas decisiones estratégicas pueden afectar en gran medida a los planes de Relaciones Públicas, y más aún en un ámbito tan difícil de controla como el online. Observado el fenómeno de la Hostilidad Comunicativa como un paso de anticipación a las Crisis Comunicativas que la organización podría incluir en sus análisis, mostramos los efectos de dicha hostilidad mediante un sistema de análisis-auditoría de Hostilidad desarrollada a tal efecto y comprobar si se dieron las circunstancias suficientes como para haber considerado útil, de conocerla, esta herramienta. Para ello analizamos el caso de la Crisis Online de Adidas Polonia y su contendiente reactiva Adisucks
A Comunicação Organizacional, as redes sociais e seus desafios: afetos e emoções nesse contexto / Organizational Communication, social networks and their challenges: feelings and emotions in this context
Authors: De Oliveira Michel Margareth , De Oliveira Michel Jerusa , Geraldes Porciúncula Cristina
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a comunicação praticada pelas organizações no mundo contemporâneo, globalizado, no qual o conhecimento e a comunicação são rapidamente compartilhados por meio das tecnologias disponíveis. Trabalha-se o referencial teórico existente na área da comunicação organizacional, abordando brevemente seu histórico e desenvolvimento, refletindo sobre a relevância da comunicação interna e externa e da utilização das tecnologias, da internet às redes sociais, bem como os desafios envolvidos frentes às emoções e afetos presentes no ambiente virtual e sua relação com a organização. Dão suporte ao estudo exploratório uma pesquisa quantitativa e referencial teórico embasado em autores reconhecidos nas áreas abordadas
Presentación/ Presentation
Authors: ALMANSA-MARTÍNEZ ANA
Published: August 2024

Presentación del número realizada por la Dra. Ana Belén Fernández Souto -Universidad de Vigo, España- y la Dra. Ivone de Lourdes Oliveira -Universidad de la Puc-Minas Gerais, Brasil-.SummaryPresentation of the new issue by Dra. Ana Belen Fernendez Souto -University of Vigo, Spain- y la Dra. Ivone de Lourdes Oliveira -University of Puc-Minas Gerais, Brazil-.
Pelatihan Pemasaran Digital Produk Perikanan di Desa Sungai Kupah, Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Wira Hadinata Fitra , Andika Hutasoit Kelvin , Hesti Hesti , Theresia Theresia , Zurba Nabil
Published: August 2024

Di Desa Sungai Kupah terdapat kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan terbagi dalam beberapa bidang kegiatan, yaitu budidaya ikan lele, budidaya ikan nila, dan budidaya ikan gabus. Setiap bidang kegiatan terdiri dari 5 -10 orang. Budidaya ikan dilakukan pada kawasan berdekatan dengan kegiatan budidaya tanaman sayuran. Pemeliharaan ikan secara tradisional dengan menggunakan keramba tancap. Jumlah kolam yang dikelola ada 15 unit dengan luas kolam kurang lebih 1 ha. Ikan yang produktivitasnya tinggi yaitu ikan nila dengan produksi 3 ton/tahun, kemudian karper, patin, lele, dan gurame dengan produksi tidak menentu. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok pembudidaya ikan Desa Sungai Kupah sampai saat ini yaitu kurangnya kemampuan dan pengetahuan terhadap teknologi pemasaran. Pemasaran ikan hasil panen hanya dijual secara langsung ke masyarakat sekitar atau ke penjual ikan pengecer di pasar terdekat. Hasil budidaya ikan yang didapat dirasa masih belum maksimal baik dari jumlah produksi dan keuntungan hasil penjualan. Saat pemanenan, tidak semua hasil  produksi ikan segar dapat terserap oleh pasar. Target pemasaran hingga kini hanya terfokus kepada pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar lokasi dan pasar lokal. Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pemahaman konsep pembuatan website sebesar 80%. Menurut informasi dari peserta metode pembuatan website dirasakan lebih mudah ketika mencoba secara langsung, hanya saja membutuhkan kesabaran dan ketekunan. Sebelumnya tidak ada masyarakat yang memahami metode penjualan berbasis digital melalui website, setelah dilaksanakan pelatihan, terjadi pengingkatan sebesar 100% perubahan keterampilan.
Automated MR Image Prescription of the Liver using Deep Learning: Development, Evaluation & Prospective Implementation
Authors: Geng Ruiqi , Buelo Collin , Sundaresan Mahalakshmi , Starekova Jitka , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Oechtering Thekla , Lawrence Edward , Ignaciuk Marcin , Reeder Scott , Hernando Diego
Published: August 2024

This work developed a novel automated AI-based method for liver image prescription from a localizer and evaluated it in a large retrospective patient cohort (1,039 patients for training/testing), across pathologies, field strengths, and against radiologists’ inter-reader reproducibility performance. AI-based 3D axial prescription achieved a S/I shift of <2.3 cm compared to manual prescription for 99.5% of test dataset. The AI method performed well across all sub-cohorts and better in 3D axial prescription than radiologists’ inter-reader reproducibility performance. We successfully implemented the AI method on a clinical MR system, which demonstrated robust performance across localizer sequences.
Whole-Abdomen Metabolic Imaging of Health Volunteers Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI
Authors: Lee Philip , Chen Hsin-Yu , Gordon Jeremy , Wang Zhen , Bok Robert , Hashoian Ralph , Kim Yaewon , Liu Xiaoxi , Nickles Tanner , Cheung Kiersten , De Las Alas Francesca , Daniel Heather , Larson Peder , von Morze Cornelius , Vigneron Daniel , Ohliger Michael
Published: August 2024

Whole-abdomen imaging with hyperpolarized 13C is challenging due to B0 and B1 inhomogeneities, respiratory motion, and broad spatial coverage. There is also little baseline data about healthy metabolism in abdominal organs. We developed and describe here a reliable imaging method to overcome these challenges, enabling metabolic imaging of the entire abdomen in a series of healthy volunteers. We present observed conversation rates of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to lactate and alanine in key organs such as the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen. Methods established here set a firm foundation for investigating a broad spectrum of metabolic and neoplastic abnormalities in the liver.
Submillimeter T1 Atlas for Subject-Specific Abnormality Detection at 7T
Authors: Piredda Gian , Caneschi Samuele , Hilbert Tom , Bonanno Gabriele , Joseph Arun , Egger Karl , Peter Jessica , Klöppel Stefan , Jehli Elisabeth , Grieder Matthias , Slotboom Johannes , Seiffge David , Goeldlin Martina , Hoepner Robert , Willems Tom , Vulliemoz Serge , Seeck Margitta , Venkategowda Punith , Jerez Ricardo Corredor , Maréchal Bénédicte , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Weist Roland , Kober Tobias , Radojewski Piotr
Published: August 2024

Databases of normative values from healthy tissues are needed to leverage the improved comparability and hardware independence of quantitative MRI, and thus enable patient-specific detection of abnormalities in visual interpretation. Here, we present normative atlases of T1 relaxation times in the brain at 3T (1 mm isotropic) and 7T (0.6 mm isotropic) from two large cohorts of healthy subjects. The atlases were tested in single‐subject comparisons for detection of abnormal relaxation times in patients scanned at both field strengths. The presented detection of subtle alterations not visible in conventional MRI showed the clinical potential of the method.
In Vivo Assessment of β-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism in Mouse Brain Using Deuterium (2H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Soni Narayan Datt , Swain Anshuman , Jacobs Paul , Juul Halvor , Armbruster Ryan , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Nath Kavindra , Wiers Corinde , Detre John , Reddy Ravinder
Published: August 2024

Impaired neurometabolism is often attributed to altered TCA flux (VTCA). Since, β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism bypasses glycolytic flux, it can be better used to monitor VTCA. In the current study, [3,4,4,4]-2H4-β-hydroxybutyrate was infused in 6-month-old mice, and the level of [4,4]-2H2-Glx was monitored using 2H-MRS. A kinetic model was fitted to determine the rate of BHB metabolism (CMRBHB) and VTCA. Glx labeling followed a sigmoidal curve to reach a quasi-steady state concentration (~1.6±0.1 mM) in 30 minutes. CMRBHB and VTCA were determined to be 0.054±0.004 and 0.12±0.01 µM/g/min. In conclusion, this method can be used to monitor neurometabolism in health and disease.
Evaluation of minimal dosage of deuterated glucose for mapping of hepatic metabolism by DMI and natural abundance carbon-13 spectroscopy at 7 T
Authors: Poli Simone , Emara Ahmed F. , Ballabani Edona , Lange Naomi F. , Melmer Andreas , Herzig David , Tappy Luc , Bally Lia , Kreis Roland
Published: August 2024

We present an estimation of the minimal dose for D-glucose needed for evaluation of hepatic glucose dynamics by deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and investigate whether a subsequent change in hepatic glycogen content is observable by 13C-MRS at 7 T. Six healthy subjects received an oral glucose load of 60g, 20g or 10g and were examined with interleaved 2H-MRSI/13C-MRS scans for 150 min. Results suggest the feasibility of reducing D-glucose loads to as low as 10g per subject for hepatic DMI with several benefits ‑ including cost, but precision of determination of changes in hepatic glycogen content is substantially reduced.
Association between PET-MR imaging measures of blood-brain barrier leakage and immune cell activation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Jones Olivia , Mohamed Saffwan , Hinz Rainer , Dickie Ben , Parkes Laura , Parry-Jones Adrian
Published: August 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a severe form of stroke. Secondary injury involves a cascade of pathophysiological changes thought to begin with microglial activation and result in blood-brain barrier(BBB) breakdown and edema formation. In this study, patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and [11C](R)-PK11195 PET, which measure BBB leakage and binding to the translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) expressed on activated microglia, respectively. BBB leakage and TSPO binding were elevated in the edema. Mean co-localisation of BBB leakage and TSPO binding was 5.6%; drugs targeting inflammation may cross the BBB into 0-28% of target tissue. Modified Rankin Scale scores negatively correlated with BBB leakage.
Brain Metabolite Concentrations of White Matter and Grey Matter in Perinatal HIV Infected Adults Using a Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Salan Teddy , Willen Elizabeth , Cuadra Anai , Sheriff Sulaiman , Maudsley Andrew , Govind Varan
Published: August 2024

With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), perinatally HIV-infected children have been able to transition into adulthood. However, the long term impact of HIV infection and the potential toxic effects of long term use of antiretroviral therapeutics on brain metabolites are not completely characterized. In this study, a whole-brain MRSI method is used to quantitate changes in brain metabolites, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), total-creatine (Cr) and total-choline (Cho), in PHIV+ adults compared to matched controls. Results show significant alterations of proton MRS-observed metabolites in the whole brain of PHIV+ as they reach adulthood despite their adherence to ART.
Brain diffusion alterations in patients with COVID-19 pathology and neurological manifestations
Authors: Caroli Anna , Capelli Serena , Napolitano Angela , Cabrini Giulia , Arrigoni Alberto , Pezzetti Giulio , Previtali Mattia , Longhi Luca , Zangari Rosalia , Lorini Ferdinando , Sessa Maria , Remuzzi Andrea , Gerevini Simonetta
Published: August 2024

This study aimed at quantifying brain diffusion alterations on DWI scans in 215 COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations as compared with 36 normal controls. The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was quantified in brain tissues and regions, using an in-house MRI processing procedure. In COVID-19 patients, a widespread significant increase in ADC was found in white matter. ADC values were significantly correlated with MRI time from disease onset. ADC alteration was highest in hospitalized patients. Patients with neurological disorders showed significantly higher ADC than those with olfactory loss only. DWI shows potential as a non-invasive marker of neuroinflammation in COVID-19.
Development of Infant Brain Functional Connectome Gradients during Age 0-6 Years
Authors: Cai Xinyi , Guo Lianghu , Liu Mianxin , Liu Feihong , Huang Jiawei , Liu Jiameng , Yang Qing , Mei Lang , Tao Tianli , Gu Zhuoyang , Liu Xiaozhao , Liu Yuxiao , Tian Xiangnan , Chen Qian , Wang Ruoming , Shi Yizhou , Wang Qian , Zhang Han , Shen Dinggang
Published: August 2024

Studies have revealed a particular functional connectome gradient (FC-grad) pattern in the human brain, reflecting delicate organization of brain connectome. Interestingly, the pattern can be observed along childhood-adolescent, even in neonates. However, FC-grad changes from infancy to childhood remain unraveled, with significant disparities between neonates and school-aged children not explained. We explored the early development trajectories of the FC-grads between age 0-5 years. We found that the neonatal “prototypic” connectome gradients undergoes rapid changes in this period, especially the first 12 months, reflecting maturing functional integration. Our study filled the gap of FC-grad development in early infancy.
Structural reorganisation in higher-order brain networks of the common marmoset from infancy to adulthood revealed by DTI tractography
Authors: Sawiak Stephen , Graczyk Michal , Cockcroft Gemma , McIver Lauren , Bullmore Edward , Roberts Angela
Published: August 2024

Adolescence is a critical period in development where neuropsychiatric symptoms emerge. The most striking morphological changes in the brain throughout this time are seen in white matter. Here we present a large longitudinal non-human primate study mapping detailed changes in the structural DTI connectome from infancy to adulthood, showing changes in connectivity across this period in higher order association areas, particularly in prefrontal cortex. We demonstrate integration of subcortical structures across hemispheres in the adult brain alongside differentiation of right and left prefrontal areas in their community structure.
Detecting individual variation in white matter microstructure in a high-risk infant population using deep normative modelling
Authors: Kelly Claire , Anderson Peter , Genc Sila , Dhollander Thijs , Thompson Deanne , Burnett Alice , Doyle Lex , Cheong Jeanie
Published: August 2024

There is large inter-individual variation in cognitive outcomes of adults born preterm, which may relate to under-recognised heterogeneity in white matter tract microstructural disturbances. This study created a normative model of white matter tract profiles using deep learning in term-born adults (n=95). The model was then applied to detect anomalies in tract profiles of preterm adults (n=111). The location and extent of anomalies varied across preterm adults. Further, tract anomalies were correlated with neonatal brain injury and IQ. Thus, this study demonstrates inter-individual variation in white matter abnormalities in preterm adults, helping to explain variation in cognitive outcomes.
Deep learning improves accuracy of proton-density fat fraction estimation from In-phase and out-of-phase T1-weighted MRI
Authors: Wang Kang , Cunha Guilherme , Hasenstab Kyle , Henderson Walter , Middleton Michael , Loomba Rohit , Cole Shelley , Hsiao Albert , Sirlin Claude
Published: August 2024

Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is an established quantitative-imaging-biomarker for hepatic -fat quantification, but typically requires specialized confounder-corrected chemical-shift-encoded (CSE) magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) pulse sequences. We developed and assessed the feasibility of deep learning to infer hepatic PDFF maps from conventional T1-weighted-in-and-opposed-phase (T1w-IOP) MRI. Using PDFF maps reconstructed from CSE-MRI as reference, we trained a convolutional-neural-network (CNN) to infer voxel-wise PDFF maps from T1w-IOP MRI. The CNN was evaluated using both internal and external test datasets. Participant-level median CNN-inferred-PDFF were compared with reference CSE-MRI using linear regression, intraclass correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis. Median CNN-inferred PDFF agreed closely with reference CSE-MRI PDFF.
Free-breathing Isotropic resolution self-Navigated B1-insensitive whOle liver simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping (FINO)
Authors: Stelter Jonathan , Weiss Kilian , Moquillaza Elizabeth Huaroc , Harder Felix , Makowski Marcus , Braren Rickmer , Karampinos Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

Volumetric T1 and T2 relaxation mapping is of interest in the characterization of diffuse and oncological liver diseases. Current methods for free-breathing whole-liver relaxation mapping have primarily been optimized to quantify a water-specific T1, are restricted to large voxel sizes in the feet-head-direction, and are not compatible with self-navigation. The present work proposes a novel methodology for Free-breathing Isotropic resolution self-Navigated B1-insensitive whOle-liver simultaneous water-specific T1 and T2 mapping (FINO). Phantom results illustrate the accuracy of the method and in vivo results demonstrate the feasibility of whole-liver water-specific T1 and T2 mapping at an isotropic resolution of 3mm in 6min.
Reducing the impact of disrupted brain regions in Diffusion Tensor Imaging with inpainting
Authors: Tang Zihao , Wang Xinyi , Cabezas Mariano , Zhu Lihaowen , Liu Dongnan , Barnett Michael , Cai Weidong , Wang Chenyu
Published: August 2024

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) can be disrupted due to acquisition constraints or imaging artifacts, which can lead to unreliable scalar metrics calculated and valuable scans discarded as a result. To reduce the impact of disrupted brain regions in DTI, we adapted a deep learning DTI inpainting network to reconstruct the disrupted ROIs. We evaluated the performance of the method by calculating the Fractional Anisotropy errors according to each individual brain region. Experimental results show that the inpainting method can reconstruct the relevant clinical imaging information by mitigating the Fractional Anisotropy differences overall and in individual disrupted brain regions.
Multimodal anatomical mapping of subcortical regions in Marmoset monkeys using ultra-high resolution MAP-MRI and multiple histological stains
Authors: Saleem Kadharbatcha , Avram Alexandru , Glen Daniel , Yen Cecil , Schram Vincent , Basser Peter
Published: August 2024

Despite its importance as a model for human brain development and neurological disorders, the marmoset lacks a comprehensive MRI-histology-based parcellation of subcortical regions. Here, we mapped the subcortical areas of the marmoset brain in three dimensions (3D) using ultra-high resolution MAP-MRI, T2w, and MTR imaging at 7T, combined with histological stains of the same brain. Our results demonstrate that MAP-MRI can delineate cytoarchitectonic subregions of many deep brain structures observed with histology. Tracing and validating these important brain regions in 3D are imperative for neurosurgical planning, navigation of deep brain stimulation probes, and establishing brain structure-function relationships.
Characterising Magnetic Field Drift in Rosette-MRSI Data in-vivo
Authors: Senthil Sneha , Kadota Brenden , Truong Peter , Near Jamie
Published: August 2024

Field drift correction is an important post-processing step in MRS and MRSI that yields considerable improvements in spectral quality and metabolite quantification. While several drift correction methods have been proposed in single-voxel MRS, drift correction in MRSI is more challenging due to the application of phase encoding gradients. In such cases, separately acquired navigator echoes are needed. Here, we demonstrate the use of self-navigating Rosette-MRSI trajectories for characterising scanner magnetic field drift using time-domain spectral registration in-vivo. Results from the study showed substantial increases in SNR and spectral quality of the acquired data.
A linear model analysis of pain sensitisation in knee osteoarthritis assessed by MRI in relation to the blood biomarker thrombospondin-4
Authors: Howe Franklyn , Khoushesh Soraya , Blundell Anna , Heron Christine , Ejindu Vivienne , Harrison Abiola , Sofat Nidhi
Published: August 2024

We investigated how pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA) relates to physical damage, clinical parameters, pain sensitisation and serum levels of thrombosponin-4 (TSP4). Across all patients (mild and advanced OA), the number of osteophytes (nOst) and TSP4 levels are significant factors in determining pain levels, with BMI and HADS the strongest factors. Grouping the patients according to low and high TSP4 levels, suggests a TSP4 phenotype that relates to central sensitisation. For high TSP4, pain pressure thresholds are a significant factor in reported knee pain in addition to HADS, BMI and physical damage.
Lower limb muscle-water T2 as a marker of disease severity and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Nick , Klickovic Uros , Zampedri Luca , Wastling Stephen , Morrow Jasper , Yousry Tarek , Hanna Michael , Greensmith Linda , Fratta Pietro , Thornton John
Published: August 2024

Using optimised maximum-likelihood-estimation extended-phase-graph-model relaxometry in ALS patients, elevated muscle water T2 (T2m) were revealed for all calf muscles and most thigh muscles vs. controls, with evidence of sparing of particular muscles. Similar but les consistent increases were seen in the associated fat fraction (ffa, relaxometry estimated). T2m correlated significantly with both functional rating scores and myometry, most consistently at the calf level. Associated ffa changes and correlations were less significant.
High Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging using Rapid Single-Slab 3D EPI Encoding
Authors: Maeng Hyunkyung , Park Jaeseok
Published: August 2024

To propose an accelerated high resolution whole brain DTI and investigate its feasibility (1.0$$$mm^3$$$ isotropic spatial resolution, imaging time ~ 15 min)
Magnetic Resonance Elastography reveals effects of immunotherapy on glioma biomechanics
Authors: Streibel Yannik , Hunger Jessica , Pan Chenchen , Turco Verena , Fischer Manuel , Sturm Volker , Karimian-Jazi Kianush , Agardy Dennis , Annio Giacomo , Mustapha Rami , Rodell Christopher , Wick Wolfgang , Sinkus Ralph , Heiland Sabine , Winkler Frank , Platten Michael , Bendszus Martin , Breckwoldt Michael , Schregel Katharina
Published: August 2024

MRI and MRE were used to monitor the effects of immunotherapy on tumor volume, FA and biomechanics of murine orthotopic glioma. Treated tumors were significantly smaller, softer and had lower FA than controls. This difference was most pronounced when comparing tumor stiffness of both groups. Controls revealed heterogeneous tumor stiffness. We hypothesize that this is caused by viable tumor cells alternated with necrotic areas and presumably immune-suppressive iba1-positive cells. In contrast, biomechanical properties of treated animals correlated better with presence of macrophages/microglia and likely reflected anti-tumorigenic inflammation. Thus, MRE could prove useful for monitoring glioma response to therapy.
Effect of chemoradiation on high-grade gliomas can be forecasted by mid-treatment images via image-driven mathematical modeling
Authors: Hormuth David , Farhat Maguy , Bronk Julianna , Langshaw Holly , Yankeelov Thomas , Chung Caroline
Published: August 2024

Technical advances in imaging and radiotherapy in the last decade have motivated the development of patient-specific treatment plans accounting for the underlying tumor biology that ultimately informs treatment efficacy. A fundamental challenge is how to leverage imaging data to optimize patient response to radiotherapy. Towards this end, we have developed an approach to forecast tumor response prior to the conclusion of therapy to enable a spatially-resolved map of response to chemoradiation. Our forecasting approach can accurately identify statistically significant changes in cell density that could potentially inform treatment adaptations.
Pediatric Hepatoblastoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Diagnostic Performance of MR In Staging POSTTEXT and Vascular Involvement.
Authors: Qian Li Jun , Gong Xu Hua , Feng Ming Xuan , Ren Hai Nan , Zhou Yan , Xu Jian Rong , Xia Qiang , Song Yang
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced MR imaging for preoperative POSTTEXT staging and prediction of vascular involvement in pediatric hepatoblastoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The findings revealed that MR preoperative POSTTEXT staging has a good level of agreement with the reference standard. MR provides high predictive performance for identifying portal vein involvement and moderate predictive performance for identifying hepatic vein/inferior vena cava involvement.
COLADA: Contrastive Learning for highly accelerated MR Image Reconstruction
Authors: Ekanayake Mevan , Chen Zhifeng , Pawar Kamlesh , Egan Gary , Harandi Mehrtash , Chen Zhaolin
Published: August 2024

Most deep learning methods for MR image reconstruction heavily depend on supervised learning on fully sampled reference data, hence, lack generalizability on out-of-distribution inputs such as higher accelerations. To reduce the models’ dependency on fully sampled reference data and to leverage large cohorts of undersampled MR measurements, we propose a self-supervised framework that extracts contrastive features between different accelerations of a given scan and the rest of the scans in the dataset, which we then utilize for the downstream reconstruction task. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis demonstrates the superiority of the proposed framework for highly accelerated MR image reconstruction.
A transformer-based framework for liver stiffness classification using multi-modality body MRI in children and adults
Authors: Ali Redha , Li Hailong , Zhang Huixian , Pan Wen , Reeder Scott , Harris David , Masch William , Alsam Anum , Shanbhogue Krishna , Bernieh Anas , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Parikh Nehal , Dillman Jonathan , He Lili
Published: August 2024

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) provides a noninvasive method to quantify liver stiffening, a surrogate biomarker for monitoring liver fibrosis. However, the availability of MRE remains limited, especially outside the United States, in part due to cost. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based approach for stratifying liver stiffness using multiparametric MRI images from pediatric and adult patients from multiple sites. We performed multi-site ten-fold cross-validation and achieved an AUROC of 0.80 for liver stiffness stratification. These results demonstrate that our proposed deep learning model may provide a means for categorical estimation of liver stiffening without dedicated elastography.
Bloch-informed neural network for multi-scanner MR Harmonization
Authors: Lee Gawon , Lee Jun-Hyeok , Ye Dong Hye , Oh Se-Hong
Published: August 2024

For multi-site research in MR studies, a harmonization process is necessary. Due to the lack of paired dataset for harmonization, the unsupervised-based learning has been suggested. However, this method is susceptible to causing the error in anatomical information and performing well in the unseen domain. Thus, we suggest a deep neural network for multi-site harmonization based on MR signal physics with the paired traveling dataset. We implemented Quantitative Maps Generators and Denoising Network with the Bloch Equation module. We proved that using the Bloch Equation enhances the accuracy of harmonization.