bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the possibility of replacing administrative fine with another type of administrative penalty
Authors: Novgorodov Dmitrii
Published: May 2021

The object of this research is the social relations arising with regards to bringing to administrative responsibility and imposition of administrative penalties in the form of administrative fine on the persons who have committed administrative offenses. The subject of this research is the current administrative legislation of the Russian Federation that regulates the procedure for bringing the offenders to administrative responsibility, as well as the materials of judicial statistics and practice on imposition of administrative penalties in the form of fines. Analysis is conducted on the amendments in administrative legislation that took place in recent years. The author compares the judicial statistics for the period from 2015 to 2019. The novelty consists in the fact that having analyzed the amendments in administrative legislation and judicial statistics, the author concludes that the practice of bringing the offenders to administrative responsibility testifies to the lack of effectiveness of the taken measures. The growing number of offenses indicates that administrative responsibility does not achieve the goals set by the Part 1 of the Article 3.1 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. The natural response of the legislator to low efficiency consists in increasing the size of administrative penalties and application of stricter sanctions, but it won’t produce the desirable effect. Therefore, the author offers to develop and adopt a new procedure for replacing one type of administrative penalty with another.
The problems of regulation of social franchising in the Russian legislation
Authors: Mazepov Petr Evgenievich
Published: May 2021

The subject of this research is the legal regime of social franchising in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the social emerging between the actors of social franchising. The article outlines the essential characteristics of social franchising on the basis of existing research and effective legislation of the foreign countries. Attention is given to the role of the phenomenon under review within the franchising system and its related to the concession agreement. The article explores the existing legal regulation of social franchising in the Russian Federation and formulates the conclusion on purposefulness of its improvement. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of social franchising from the legal perspective, determination of its role within the system of the types of franchising, and recommendations for the improvement of the corresponding legal regime. The conclusion is made that social franchising represents the system of relations that are based on the contract on the exercise of exclusive rights. Similar to commercial franchising, the central place is held by the intellectual-legal and obligatory aspect of relations, but the fundamental difference lies is the vector towards fulfillment of the socially useful functions, alleviation of social problems, and rendering aid to vulnerable population. The development of this institution requires elaboration of the special legislation, since the norms of the Chapter 54 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation do not correspond with the established practice of social franchising.
The role of large industrial enterprises in the everyday life of Sevastopol in the 1980s (on the example of the Sevastopol instrument-making plant "Parus").
Authors: Kuz'mina Anna Vasil'evna , Komogaev Vadim Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

The subject of the study is the role of large industrial enterprises in the daily life of Sevastopol in the early 1980s on the example of the Sevastopol instrument-making plant "Parus", since 1980 renamed the Sevastopol instrument-making plant named after V.I. Lenin. The authors motivate the choice of this enterprise as an example and object of research by the fact that the plant was one of the most significant enterprises both for Sevastopol and for the entire instrument-making industry of the Soviet Union. Based on archival sources, the authors consider in detail the specific episodes of the plant's activities that influenced the lives of citizens and the appearance of the city. In particular, the article discusses the activities of the plant for the construction and commissioning of residential buildings and infrastructure facilities, the organization of children's leisure. In addition, the authors tell about the activities of the enterprise itself to improve the working conditions of workers, as well as about the work of the Komsomol organization. The authors come to the conclusion that the instrument-making plant "Parus" played a significant role in the life of Sevastopol, especially one of the districts of the city - the Northern side: the enterprise developed and demonstrated success, created new jobs, expanding the range of products, and improved working conditions. Thanks to the plant, new residential buildings (apartment buildings and dormitories), kindergartens, shops, a library, and infrastructure facilities were built. Most of these buildings on the North Side of Sevastopol exist and are still used for their intended purpose. Also, the authors, relying on archival sources and, above all, reports of office documentation, state that much attention was paid to children's leisure, health improvement and education.
Bioactive Properties of Spirulina: A Review
Authors:   Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Anvar Amir Ali , Nowruzi Bahareh ,   Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Spirulina is a single-cell protein rich in all essential nutrients and vitamins and can be used to produce functional food. Spirulina is a single-cell protein rich in all essential nutrients and vitamins and can be used to produce functional food. In fact, one of the most important problems in the food industry is the use of synthetic food additives that increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, efforts are being made around the world today to isolate new and safe antioxidants from natural sources. Among these, the natural products of cyanobacteria are an important source of new drug compounds. Natural bioactive products not only have medicinal value themselves but are also used as building models to create synthetic analogs. The chemical composition of Spirulina includes protein (70-55%), carbohydrates (25-25%), essential fatty acids (18%), vitamins, minerals, and pigments such as carotene, chlorophyll A and phycocyanin. Obviously, the introduction of valuable properties of cyanobacteria Spirulina can be a suitable substitute for many antimicrobial compounds and synthetic antioxidants that not only pose no risk to the consumer but can also improve consumer health. In this review, we have discussed the important nutrient, bioactive properties, and immunological applications of Spirulina. The current research suggests that spirulina supplementations have been accepted by global accreditation as a safe nutritional and dietary supplement.
O impacto da histerectomia total sobre a função sexual feminina
Authors: Rodrigues Antonina Beatriz da Costa , Almeida Lucelayne Crislly Costa de , Cruz Rafaella Carolina Brito da , Souza Elaine Glauce Santos de , Corrêa Hellen Vivianni Veloso , Silva Susanne Cristine Brito e
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da histerectomia total sobre a função sexual feminina e sua relação com sintomas depressivos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, de análise quantitativa, através da aplicação de questionários. Foram aplicados 3 questionários em uma amostra de 42 mulheres, cuja idade era entre 27 e 65 anos e que tinham no mínimo 2 meses de pós-operatório de histerectomia total. Resultados: Os dados sobre a função sexual e a presença de sintomas depressivos foram verificados pelos Questionários de Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. A correlação entre as variáveis acima foi verificada através de análises estatísticas e ilustradas em forma de tabelas estratificadas por escores total do FSFI, escore total de Beck, escore dos domínios e sua relação com os sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados foram significativos e mostraram que a diminuição na função sexual pode levá-las a apresentar sintomas depressivos.
The role of cone-beam computed tomography in evaluation of an extensive radicular cyst of the maxilla
Authors: Althaf Shaik , Hussaini Nishat , Srirekha A. , Santhosh Lekha
Published: May 2021

Radicular cyst is the second most common odontogenic cyst. Most of these lesions involve the apex of offending tooth and appear as well-defined radiolucencies. When asymptomatic, a cyst can acquire a large size, even extending into anatomic cavities. The present case reports an extensive radicular cyst extending into the maxillary sinus that could have been easily mistaken for just a displaced tooth. Conventional radiographs show two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. Cone-beam computed tomography provides undistorted three-dimensional information of hard tissues, gives adequate spatial resolution, and recently seen as an expansion in diagnosis and management of periapical lesions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of radicular cyst were successful with endodontic treatment and surgical management.
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of human skull diploic venous anatomy
Authors: Alarfaj Abdullah , Sankar Tejas , Bhargava Ravi , Tyler Jonathan , Walji Anil , Fox Richard , Sagga Aziz , Ishaque Abdullah , Aronyk Keith
Published: May 2021

Background:

The skull diploic venous space (DVS) represents a potential route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and absorption in the treatment of hydrocephalus. The goal of this study was to carry out a detailed characterization of the drainage pattern of the DVS of the skull using high-resolution MRI, especially the diploic veins draining to the lacunae laterales (LLs) since the LLs constitute an important channel for the CSF to access the superior sagittal sinus and subsequently the systemic circulation. The objective was to identify those skull regions optimally suited for an intraosseous CSF diversion system.

Methods:

High-resolution, T1-weighted MRI scans from 20 adult and 16 pediatric subjects were selected for analysis. Skulls were divided into four regions, that is, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. On each scan, a trained observer counted all diploic veins in every skull region. Each diploic vein was also followed to determine its final drainage pathway (i.e., dural venous sinus, dural vein, LL, or indeterminate).

Results:

In the adult age group, the frontal and occipital skull regions showed the highest number of diploic veins. However, the highest number of draining diploic veins connecting to the lacunae lateralis was found in the frontal and parietal skull region, just anterior and just posterior to the coronal suture. In the pediatric age group, the parietal skull region, just posterior to the coronal suture, showed the highest overall number of diploic veins and also the highest number of draining diploic veins connecting to the LL.

Conclusion:

This study suggested that diploic venous density across the skull varies with age, with more parietal diploic veins in the pediatric age range, and more occipital and frontal diploic veins in adults. If the DVS is ultimately used for CSF diversion, our anatomical data point to optimal sites for the insertion of specially designed intraosseous infusion devices for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Likely the optimal sites for CSF diversion would be the parietal region just posterior to the coronal suture in children, and in adults, frontal and/or parietal just anterior or just posterior to the coronal suture.
Thoracic spine schwannoma presenting with traumatic spinal cord injury: A case report
Authors: Matos Daniela , Pereira Ricardo
Published: May 2021

Background:

The presentation of a thoracic spinal tumor due to high-impact trauma is quite rare and we found no other case reported.

Case Description:

This is a case report and literature review. A patient presented with severe paraparesis on day 4 after trauma. Thoracic MRI showed an oval image centered to T4-T5 suggestive of hemorrhage. The patient underwent a bilateral T4 and T5 laminectomy and microsurgically assisted intradural exploration. After laminectomy, we found no extradural lesions, so we proceeded to dural opening, after which we found a large extramedullary lesion which was completely removed. Pathology revealed a schwannoma. The patient had a very good recovery after surgery and motor rehabilitation. At 6 months after surgery, inferior limbs muscle strength was completely normal. We found no other case reported.

Conclusion:

Thoracic spine schwannomas are difficult to early diagnose unless there is a clinical suspicion. Initial presentation as bleeding after trauma was not described before. This presentation should be kept in the differential diagnosis of any patient with an acute neurological deficit without trauma signs on admission imaging.
Transformation of Masculinity in the Russian Cinema
Authors: Igaeva Ksenia V. , Shmeleva Natalia V.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the issues of gender identity and the crisis of masculinity in the Soviet and post-Soviet cinema in comparison with Western films. Social instability becomes the basis for rethinking cultural identity and expanding the typology of masculinity. This imbalance is most clearly visible in the cinema, which is a beneficial environment for actualizing problematic socio-cultural issues and forming some gender stereotypes and normative behaviors that later enter everyday reality. Following the West, the Russian cinema also focuses on the substantive side of the concept of “masculinity”, which is based on the specifics of national identity, traditional goals and social foundations. It is significant that the hegemonic masculinity characteristic of the Western cinema was not basically common in the Soviet era, whose masculinity model was the image of a leader, a worker, and, in the post-war period, a front-line soldier. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of capitalist relations in Russia caused the overthrow of former cultural values and the crisis of Soviet identity. The suppression of the male characters’ “sensitivity” was replaced by a total emancipation and sexuality, which can be witnessed in the abundance of scenes of a sexual nature in the films of the 1990s. However, in the post-Soviet cinema, the focus on the values of Western culture, in which a crisis of masculinity was already evident, stimulated the interest in the Russian image of masculinity, which initially manifested itself in romanticizing the image of a “fair gangster,” and later — in the appeal to traditional Russian and Soviet heroes. Since the 2010s, the glorification of the Russian criminal past has declined, opening the space for the emergence of new types of Russian masculinity. The general context of these transformations is represented by the changes of masculinity from the Soviet traumatic, through the post-Soviet (crisis) to the contemporary one.
On the Issue of Non-Fatal Loss of Artistic Values on the Example of Nikolai Milioti’s Works
Authors: Fokina Snezhana I.
Published: May 2021

The article introduces one of the episodes in the life of Nikolai Dmitryevich Milioti (1874—1962), an artist and active participant in art exhibitions of the early 20th century. N.D. Milioti left Soviet Russia in 1921 and remained an emigrant until the end of his life. This circumstance largely explains the fact that his life and work are still poorly studied, including the episode described in this article. The study of Nikolai Milioti’s diary entries and correspondence, stored in different archives, allows us to reconstruct some stages of the artist’s life. Specifically, this publication highlights his participation in the Baltic Exhibition of 1914, after which some of his works “stuck” in the Art Museum of the city of Malmö. Usually, researchers who write on this topic are interested in the fate of that exhibition’s works by Valentin Serov, Alexander Golovin, Vasily Kandinsky, Pavel Kuznetsov, Konstantin Korovin, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, Nicholas Roerich, and others. Nevertheless, the name Milioti was then among the artists who would eventually be recognized as the luminaries of Russian art, for his role in the artistic life of that time was considerable as well. The article describes the problem of loss of the artistic values that have not been destroyed or stolen, are not completely disappeared, but are lost, most likely, irretrievably. This problem is still relevant today. As an example, there is offed the history of paintings by Nikolai Milioti, which, along with other Russian artists’ works, were sent to the international Baltic Exhibition in Malmö (Sweden) in 1914, but never returned to Russia. Over the years, attempts have been made to return the works to Russia, but even today, the circumstances indicate that the probability of their return is almost zero.
Jean-Honoré Fragonard: The New in the Notions of “Sketchiness” and “Completeness”
Authors: Agratina Elena E.
Published: May 2021

The second half of the 18th century was a time of active changes in the perception of art, rethinking many concepts and phenomena. One of them was the pictorial sketch, which transformed from a preparatory stadium work into an independent, complete piece of art. Many art theorists and critics, as well as painters themselves had contributed to this rethinking. Many young artists, bored of historical painting and indifferent to all the academic principles, were searching for new media of expressiveness, using the sketch-like pictorial manner to give their works a new dynamism and an impression of “easy production”. The article is dedicated to J.-H. Fragonard (1732—1806), an artist in whose works the “sketchiness” became a conscious artistic method used in small-format pieces, in large-scale canvases, and even in panels. The use of such a technique in grand scale works is considered to be an extreme unconventionality, which, however, was not appreciated by Fragonard’s contemporaries and even by scholars of the next two centuries. Fragonard’s series of ‘Fantasy Portraits’ attracted enough investigators’ attention, but his series ‘Progress of Love’ has only recently begun to be recognized by researchers as an unusual and bold for that time artistic experience. Based on the analysis of the artist’s selected works, the author builds her original research, designed to highlight Fragonard’s special role in the evolution of art on the way from the Modern Period to Contemporary History. The relevance of the present article is caused by too little examination of this topic: minimal in Russia and relatively small in France. Besides consultation with research literature, this required the author to constantly directly refer to the 18th-century sources, such as treatises by art connoisseurs and scholars, art criticism, and catalogues of exhibitions arranged by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture or the Académie de Saint-Luc.
Document Restoration: Conservatism and Innovation
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2021

Announcement
Quand l’orateur Nicolas Sarkozise de Gaulle, quelle utilité en retire-t-il ?
Authors: Depaye Inès
Published: May 2021

Cette contribution a pour objet l’étude de la mobilisation de la figure de de Gaulle dans les discours de Nicolas Sarkozy. L’analyse de discours permet de mettre en évidence l’utilisation de citations, de références à des personnages historiques, l’évocation d’évènements fondateurs d’une identité nationale. Tous ces éléments ne sont pas anodins et mobilisés à bon escient, ils permettent la construction d’une image. Cette image est véhiculée par la suite pour fédérer autour de l’orateur le plus grand nombre de spectateurs. Celle-ci a pour caractéristique d’être floue et nette à la fois. Le lecteur sera plongé au cœur des textes écrits des discours de Nicolas Sarkozy en vue de décoder la symbolique de chacune des références à de Gaulle. L’image ainsi dessinée par Sarkozy dans ses discours permet, in fine, de rassembler les électeurs se ralliant à celle-ci. Flou pour toucher le plus grand nombre et nette pour constituer le socle du discours. Les hommes politiques, dont Nicolas Sarkozy, mobilisent plusieurs figures historiques tout au long de leurs discours pour attirer l’intérêt du plus grand nombre. Cette contribution met l’accent sur de Gaulle dans les discours de Nicolas Sarkozy. Cependant, une étude plus approfondie de l’ensemble des références présentes dans les discours permettrait de construire un panel des spectateurs potentiellement attirés par les propos de Nicolas Sarkozy.
Increasing the CO2 Reduction Activity of Cobalt Phthalocyanine by Modulating the σ-donor Strength of Axially Coordinating Ligands
Authors: Rivera Cruz Kevin , Liu Yingshuo , Soucy Taylor L. , Zimmerman Paul M. , McCrory Charles
Published: May 2021

Axial coordination of a pyridyl moieties to CoPc (either exogenous or within poly-4-vinylpyridine polymer) dramatically increases the complex’s activity for CO2RR. It has been hypothesized that axial coordination to the Co active site leads to an increase in the Co dz2 orbital energy, which increases the complex’s nucleophilicity and facilitates CO2 coordination compared to the parent CoPc complex. The magnitude of the energy increase in the Co dz2 orbital should depend on the σ-donor strength of the axial ligand—a stronger σ-donating ligand (L) will increase the overall CO2RR activity of axially coordinated CoPc(L) and vice versa. To test this, we have studied a series of CoPc(L) complexes where the σ-donor strength of L is varied. We show that CoPc(L) reduces CO2 with an increased activity as the σ-donor ability of L is increased. These observed electrochemical activity trends are correlated with computationally-derived CO2 binding energy and charge transfer terms as a function of σ-donor strength. The findings of this study supports our hypothesis that the increased CO2RR activity observed upon axial coordination to CoPc is due to the increased energy of the dz2 orbital, and highlight an important design consideration for macrocyclic MN4-based electrocatalysts.
Comparative Evaluation of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) in Two Types of Validation Systems
Authors: Noro Kazushi , Vermeirssen Etiënne L. M. , Banno Arisa , Ono Junko , Yabuki Yoshinori
Published: May 2021

Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) devices have been suggested for monitoring contaminant fluctuations in aquatic environments, resulting from chemical leak accidents. However, the response of the POCIS device in the emergency condition in natural water remains unclear. The response of the POCIS device to contaminant fluctuation was investigated using a simplified chamber test with tap water and a channel test with natural water in the present study. The fluctuation in the chamber and the channel replicated the condition of river water under a chemical leak scenario (maximum concentration: 1–10 μg L–1, half-life: 1 d). The target chemicals were neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) and bisphenol A. The ratio of the POCIS measured value to the time-weighted average value of grab samplings (POCIS/TWA) for the channel test (temperature: 15 °C, flow velocity: 15 cm s–1) ranged from 61% (clothianidin) to 133% (thiacloprid). The results indicated that the POCIS device could be effectively used as a monitoring device in an aquatic environment under the chemical leak scenario. In addition, the differences in the POCIS/TWA ratios obtained from the chamber test and the channel test were in the range of –50 to 50%, except for a few data points. Thus, the simplified chamber test could be used as a validation system to evaluate the POCIS device at a low cost.
A Deep Molecular Generative Model Based on Multi-Resolution Graph Variational Autoencoders
Authors: gao zhenxiang , wang xinyu , Gaines Blake Blumenfeld , Bi Jinbo , song minghu
Published: May 2021

Deep generative models have recently emerged as encouraging tools for the de novo molecular structure generation. Even though considerable advances have been achieved in recent years, the field of generative molecular design is still in its infancy. One potential solution may be to integrate domain knowledge of structural or medicinal chemistry into the data-driven machine learning process to address specific deep molecule generation goals. This manuscript proposes a new graph-based hierarchical variational autoencoder (VAE) model for molecular generation. Training molecules are first decomposed into small molecular fragments. Unlike other motif-based molecular graph generative models, we further group decomposed fragments into different interchangeable fragment clusters according to their local structural environment around the attachment points where the bond-breaking occurs. In this way, each chemical structure can be transformed into a three-layer graph, in which individual atoms, decomposed fragments, or obtained fragment clusters act as graph nodes at each corresponding layer, respectively. We construct a hierarchical VAE model to learn such three-layer hierarchical graph representations of chemical structures in a fine-to-coarse order, in which atoms, decomposed fragments, and related fragment clusters act as graph nodes at each corresponding graph layer. The decoder component is designed to iteratively select a fragment out of a predicted fragment cluster vocabulary and then attach it to the preceding substructure. The newly introduced third graph layer will allow us to incorporate specific chemical structural knowledge, e.g., interchangeable fragments sharing similar local chemical environments or bioisosteres derived from matched molecular pair analysis information, into the molecular generation process. It will increase the odds of assembling new chemical moieties absent in the original training set and enhance structural diversity/novelty scores of generated structures. Our proposed approach demonstrates comparatively good performance in terms of model efficiency and other molecular evaluation metrics when compared with several other graph- and SMILES-based generative molecular models. We also analyze how our generative models' performance varies when choosing different fragment sampling techniques and radius parameters that determine the local structural environment of interchangeable fragment clusters. Hopefully, our multi-level hierarchical VAE prototyping model might promote more sophisticated works of knowledge-augmented deep molecular generation in the future.
Hydrated Hydroxide Complex Dominates the AIE Property of Nonconjugated Polymeric Luminophores
Authors: Yang Taiqun , Zhou Jiafeng , Shan Bingqian , Li Lei , Zhu Chun , Ma Chaoqun , Chen Guoqing , Zhang Kun , Peng Wu
Published: May 2021

Nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) which always accompanied with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features has received considerable attention due to their importance in the understanding of basic luminescence principle and potential practical applications. However, the rational modulation of the NTIL of nonconventional luminophores remains difficult, on account of the limited understanding of emission mechanisms. Herein, the emission colour of nonconjugated poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) could be readily regulated from blue to red by controlling the alkalinity during the hydrolysis process. The nontraditional photoluminescence with AIE property was from the new formed p-band state, resulting from the strong overlapping of p orbitals of the clustered O atoms though space interactions. Hydrated hydroxide complexes embedded in the entangled polymer chain make big difference on the clustering of O atoms which dominates the AIE property of nonconjugated PMVEMA. These new insights into the photoemission mechanism of NTIL should stimulate additional experimental and theoretical studies and could benefit the molecular-level design of nontraditional chromophores for optoelectronics and other applications.
Nafion-Induced Reduction of Manganese and Its Impact on the Electrocatalytic Properties of a Highly Active MnFeNi Oxide for Bifunctional Oxygen Conversion
Authors: Morales Dulce M. , Villalobos Javier , Kazakova Mariya A. , Xiao Jie , Risch Marcel , Morales Hernandez Dulce Maria
Published: May 2021

Electrocatalysts for bifunctional oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are commonly studied under hydrodynamic conditions, rendering the use of binders necessary to ensure the mechanical stability of the electrode films. The presence of a binder, however, may influence the properties of the materials under examination to an unknown extent. Herein, we investigate the impact of Nafion on a highly active ORR/OER catalyst consisting of MnFeNi oxide nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical studies revealed that, in addition to enhancing the mechanical stability and particle connectivity, Nafion poses a major impact on the ORR selectivity, which correlates with a decrease in the valence state of Mn according to X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These findings call for awareness regarding the use of electrode additives, since in some cases the extent of their impact on the properties of electrode films cannot be regarded as negligible.
Inside the Black Box: A Physical Basis for the Effectiveness of Deep Generative Models of Amorphous Materials
Authors: Kilgour Michael , Simine Lena
Published: May 2021

We have recently demonstrated an effective protocol for the simulation of amorphous molecular configurations using the PixelCNN generative model (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 20, 8532). The morphological sampling of amorphous materials via such an autoregressive generation protocol sidesteps the high computational costs associated with simulating amorphous materials at scale, enabling practically unlimited structural sampling based on only small-scale experimental or computational training samples. An important question raised but not rigorously addressed in that report was whether this machine learning approach could be considered a physical simulation in the conventional sense. Here we answer this question by detailing the inner workings of the underlying algorithm that we refer to as the Morphological Autoregression Protocol or MAP.
Concentration and Composition Dependent Aggregation of Pluronic- and Poly-(2-Oxazolin)-Efavirenz Formulations in Biorelevant Media
Authors: Endres Sebastian , Karaev Emil , Hanio Simon , Schlauersbach Jonas , Kraft Christian , Rasmussen Tim , Luxenhofer Robert , Böttcher Bettina , Meinel Lorenz , Pöppler Ann-Christin
Published: May 2021

Interactions of intestinal fluids with polymer excipients, drugs and their formulations are not fully understood. Here, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), complemented by cryo-TEM were employed to address this. Efavirenz as model drug, the triblock copolymers Pluronic F-127 (PF127) and poly(2-oxazolin) based pMeOx-b-pPrOzi-b-pMeOx (pOx/pOzi) and their respective formulations were studied in simulated fed-state intestinal fluid (FeSSIF). For the individual polymers, the bile interfering nature of PF127 was confirmed and pure pOx/pOzi was newly classified as non-interfering. A different and more complex behaviour was observed if EFV was involved. The formulations showed multi-facetted concentration and composition dependent aggregation. This demonstrates that separate evaluation of polymers or drugs in biorelevant media is not sufficient and their mixtures need to be carefully studied.
Synthesis and Photocyclization of Fluorinated Tetraphenylethylenes
Authors: Zhang Zhenglin , Lieu Thien , Wang Xiqu , Daugulis Olafs , Miljanic Ognjen
Published: May 2021

Five extensively fluorinated tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives have been synthesized using Cu-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions and Stille couplings. Surprisingly, in contrast to the parent TPE, these compounds show little to no aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Instead, photocyclization into fluorinated phenanthrene products occurs.
Catalysis with a Skip: Dynamically Coupled Addition, Proton Transfer, and Elimination During Au- and Pd-Catalyzed Diol Cyclization
Authors: Teynor Matthew , Scott Windsor , Ess Daniel
Published: May 2021

Au and Pd complexes have emerged as highly effective π-bond cyclization catalysts to construct heterocycles. These cyclization reactions are generally proposed to proceed through multi-step addition-elimination mechanisms involving Au- or Pd-alkyl intermediates. For Au- and Pd-catalyzed allylic diol cyclization, while the DFT potential energy surface landscapes show a stepwise sequence of alkoxylation π-addition, proton transfer, and water elimination, quasiclassical direct dynamics simulations reveal new dynamical mechanisms that depend on the metal center. For Au, trajectories reveal that after π-addition the Au-alkyl intermediate is always skipped because addition is dynamically coupled with proton transfer and water elimination. In contrast, for Pd catalysis, due to differences in the potential-energy landscape shape, only about half of trajectories show Pd-alkyl intermediate skipping. The other half of the trajectories show the traditional two-step mechanism with the intervening Pd-alkyl intermediate. Overall, this work reveals that interpretation of a DFT potential-energy landscape can be insufficient to understand catalytic intermediates and mechanisms and that atomic momenta through dynamics simulations is needed to determine if an intermediate is genuinely part of a catalytic cycle.
Rediscovery of the Sculptured Toadstool, Amanita sculpta (Amanitaceae) in Singapore
Authors: Lee S.M.L. , Er K.B.H. , Loo A.H.B. , Ang W.F.
Published: May 2021

Amanita sculpta Corner & Bas was first collected from Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, in 1939 and 1940 and then described as new in 1962. Since then, there have been no sightings or collections of this fungus in Singapore until recently when it was observed and recollected at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve after a hiatus of more than 80 years.
Hidden Narratives: Augmented Reality to enhance cultural and historical values in the design of Lake Fuxian
Authors:   , Li Yanran
Published: May 2021

The impacts of globalisation has lead towards the loss of culture, such as overpopulation, forestation and global intergration. The lost culture has mostly been preserved through written text and oral narratives as a way of illustrating a long-gone reality. Similarly, narratives have the power to connect people with imagination and allow them to experience the uniqueness of a specific site in their own terms. However, oral narrative and written text lacked the interaction between communities, or human to Landscape. New technologies have the potential to reconnect these oral narratives or written text with both the wider public and the site.

This research will explore the historical change of Lake Fuxian, from 500 million years ago to present day, through the illustration and experience of Landscape narratives. This research aims to utilize Augmented Reality as a way to physically connect to the past, while still retaining the existing landscape. Augmented Reality has the ability to combine many types of narratives, such as oral, written and drawn, resulting in an educated relationship to Lake Fuxian. Additionally, modernizing these narratives for a larger demographic such as visitors and locals to engage with the landscape, promoting respect for cultural diversity and adaption.
Special Issue: Early childhood education responses to sustainability challenges in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: May 2021

No description supplied
Sustainability education in early childhood education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: May 2021

No description supplied
The Influence of New Media on College Students’ Ideological and Political Education and the Countermeasures
Authors: Ai Hui
Published: May 2021

In recent years, new media has been booming in our country. College students can learn about everything happening in the world in real time through the Internet, which speeds up their understanding and acceptance of information. However, due to the relatively simple environment the college students grew up in, the incomplete formation of their own values, and the mixture of information on the Internet, learning through the Internet can have adverse effects on the psychology of college students. Based on the in-depth and systematic exploration of the current situation on ideological and political education in colleges and universities, this paper analyzes the existing problems of ideological and political education in colleges and universities under the influence of new media. In view of these problems, an in-depth study on the innovation of ideological and political education in contemporary colleges and universities was conducted, and this paper puts forward relevant improvement methods for the discussion and exchange of the industry.
Application Research of Blended Teaching based on Duifene Teaching Platform: Modules on Construction Project Management
Authors: Sun Jingjing
Published: May 2021

The Duifene teaching platform is a product of various teaching methods, which greatly improves the traditional teaching method. This article introduces the function and characteristics of a blended teaching platform as well as its application for histology and embryology modules. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of blended teaching method is also discussed. The application of this teaching platform for Construction Project Management modules encourages students to be more enthusiastic and interested toward learning. This allows a more convenient and rapid teacher-student and student-student interaction thereby improving the teaching and learning experiences.
Integration of “Learning to Strengthen the Country” and “Offline Teaching” Concepts in the “Curriculum Ideology and Politics” Education among Graduate Students
Authors: Zou Qi , Fan Li , Ren Yi
Published: May 2021

Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered this new era, the “curriculum ideology and politics” concept has become one of the innovative achievements in the reformation of ideological and political education courses in colleges as well as universities. Based on the emphasis of “curriculum ideology and politics” among graduate students and the influence of the “learning to strengthen the country” concept, this article analyzes universities in regard to the curriculum settings, faculties, and their graduate students. It also explores the “curriculum ideology and politics” concept in consideration of the ontology of teaching, school education, social influence, etc., and propose practical and extendable countermeasures.
The Integration of Network Teaching and Chinese Art History Education in Colleges
Authors: Hou Tiantian
Published: May 2021

Based on the network teaching model, this article briefly summarizes the development of Chinese art history education in universities, analyzes the importance of integrating network teaching in Chinese art history lessons, and explores the integration strategy.
The Education of Japanese Honorifics and Cultivating Intercultural Communication Competence
Authors: Liu Jinxin
Published: May 2021

Japanese honorifics which symbolizes the social culture of Japan are linguistic forms that are indispensable in the Japanese language education. Hence, the Japanese language education requires an improvement of previously solidified teaching methods with the cultivation of students’ intercultural communication competence, in order for students to understand Japanese honorifics in-depth and apply them in practice. This paper analyzes the necessity of cultivating students’ intercultural communication competence, the difficulties in Japanese honorifics education, and proposes specific training methods to help students improve their competence.
Women’s Voices in the Victorian Era – Feminist Consciousness in the Bronte Sisters’ Works
Authors: Qi Linshuo
Published: May 2021

Before the Victorian era, it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters. However, in the 19th century, there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphasis on feminist consciousness. Among all the works of women writers, Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which were written by the Bronte sisters were distinctive. The Bronte sisters conveyed their feminist consciousness and described the society in their works. Both works emphasized romantic relationships as the narrative thread. By shaping the female characters in their works as self-reliant women who fought for equivalence and freedom in the era where male chauvinism occupied leadership roles, the Bronte sisters conveyed their eagerness for freedom, equality, and their feminist consciousness. This paper combines features of the Victorian era and the Bronte sisters’ life experiences to analyze feminist consciousness in these two works and make comparisons between them.
The Effectiveness of Smokescreen Program on Smoking Prevention and Cessation
Authors: Kamila Aghnia , Tahlil Teuku , Wardani Elly
Published: May 2021

Smoking is deviant behavior that often affects adolescents and is addictive. The prevalence of smoking among adolescents is relatively high and harms health, so prevention efforts are needed.  This study aims to know the smokescreen program's effectiveness on smoking prevention and cessation among students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Banda Aceh. The method used in this research is a quantitative quasi-experimental model with a non-equivalent control group design. This study's population was all students of class VII and VIII in two Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Banda Aceh, totaling 1221 students, and the sample was selected by purposive sampling technique as many as 302 respondents. Data was collected online using Zoom and Google Form and then analyzed using SPSS with univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed differences in effectiveness in smoking prevention and cessation (ρ-value 0.000 <0.05) in students before and after being given the smokescreen program intervention. The majority of students have strong self-efficacy, as much as 86.8%. Thus, this study also concluded that the smokescreen program effectively prevented and stopped smoking behavior among students. For this reason, schools can facilitate students in increasing knowledge about cigarettes by watching videos and playing games so that students' self-efficacy increases.
The Effect of Health Education on The Knowledge and Adherence of Diet for Gout Arthritis Patients
Authors: Aupia Anatun
Published: May 2021

Uric acid is the result of production by the body, so its quality can be normal in the blood and urine. However, the rest of the protein metabolism of foods containing purines also produces uric acid. One variable that impacts uric acid levels is the knowledge a person has so that a better lifestyle can be improved by providing health education. This research purpose is to establish the effect of health education on knowledge and adherence to the gout diet on gout arthritis patient. Pre-experimental with One group pretest-posttest design has been used in this research. Forty-five respondents were collected using total sampling and a questionnaire was used to measure the data. The analysis data using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that the significance value (p-value) is about 0.000 <0.05 which indicate that there is an effect of health education on knowledge and adherence. It can be deduced there is an effect of health education on knowledge and adherence to diet for gout arthritis patients.
Improving The Ability of Self-Caring of Leprosy Survivor Through Family Psychoeducation
Authors: Handaris Muhamad Amang , Rosmaharani Shanti , Rodiyah Rodiyah
Published: May 2021

Leprosy survivor not only suffers physical damage but also suffer psychosocially because of environmental behaviour that causes problems and impacts on their families and sufferers. One way that can be used to overcome this dependence is family psychoeducation. This study aims to determine the effect of family psychoeducation on self-care in leprosy survivor in Jombang. The design of this study was a pre-experimental one-group pre-post test design. The population of the family who had been infected with leprosy were 22 people. The sample size was 22 respondents using total sampling. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed that before family psychoeducation 54.5% of self-care was good as many as 12 families but after psychoeducation, the family was 77.3% good as many as 17 families. The Wilcoxon test shows the ρ-value (0.025) <0.05, which means that there is an effect of family psychoeducation on self-care in leprosy survivor. Family psychoeducation has a positive impact on the family, which can improve the ability of the family to carry out self-care independently at home. It can be concluded that family psychoeducation is effective for improving self-care in leprosy survivor. This therapy is expected to be applied so that there is a change in the level of the family's ability to carry out self-care.
Factors Associated to Positive Aspects in Caregiving for People Living with Dementia in Family Caregivers
Authors: Pratiwi Dian , Indarwati Retno , Tristiana Rr. Dian
Published: May 2021

Caring for People with Dementia (PwD) has various negative effects that are detrimental to caregivers. The existence of Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) makes the experience of caring for PwD more positive, valuable and protects caregivers from various negative impacts while caring for PwD. This study aims to explain the factors associated with PAC. These literature reviews were accessed from six databases (Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, and SAGE Journal), with the keywords factor, positive aspects of caregiving, Dementia/ Alzheimer’s, during January 2021, limited to 2016-2020, and in English. A total of 318 journals were selected using PRISMA, then leaving 16 journals to be analyzed using The Joanna Briggs Institution Checklist. Sixteen journals were analyzed and divided into two themes, factors that affect PAC (n = 9) and factors affected by PAC (n = 7). Factors that affect PAC are caregiver characteristics, care-recipient characteristics, and social support. Factors affected by PAC are caregiving outcomes. Factors that increase PAC are lower education level, good social support, severe BPSD, shorter duration of care, and relationship with care-recipient (except spouse), and gender (male). The mediating factors that increase PAC are unmet needs and reciprocal filial piety. Factors that lower PAC are higher education level, the use of avoidance coping, and older age. We found inconsistencies in caregiver marital status and relationship with care-recipient because the finding still uncertain.