bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitroglycerin inhalation for acute treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Marwali Eva Miranda , Rayhan Muhammad , Roebiono Poppy S.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Acute pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertensive crisis may result in adverse clinical outcomes if unsuccessfully treated. Inhaled nitric oxide has long been considered as the standard pharmacotherapy for acute pulmonary hypertension, but lack of feasibility in some settings and evidences challenging its benefits lead to the use of alternative treatment, amongst which is nitroglycerin inhalation. The purpose of this review article is to discuss available data on the use of nitroglycerin inhalation for acute treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children with CHD and its potential benefit in post-operative setting.

Data sources:

Literatures included in this review were acquired by searching in PubMed online database. Keywords used were “Pulmonary Hypertension”, “Congenital heart defects”, “Pediatrics”, “Inhaled nitroglycerin”, and its synonyms.

Study selection:

Title and abstract were screened to select relevant literatures including the three paediatric clinical trials on nitroglycerin inhalation. Critical appraisal of the clinical trials was then done using the University of Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine Critical Appraisal Tools.

Conclusions:

Paediatric studies showed the benefit of nitroglycerin inhalation in uncorrected cases of CHD during catheterisation procedures. Until recently, there have been no studies conducted in paediatric post-operative CHD cases. Further study is required to provide evidence for inhaled nitroglycerin use in this setting including the appropriate dosing and potential side effects with repeated administration,
Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial interventions for individuals with CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative
Authors: Cassidy Adam R , Butler Samantha C , Briend Jennie , Calderon Johanna , Casey Frank , Crosby Lori E , Fogel Jennifer , Gauthier Naomi , Raimondi Carol , Marino Bradley S , Sood Erica , Butcher Jennifer L
Published: June 2021

In 2018, the Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Interventions Working Group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative convened through support from an R13 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to survey the state of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial intervention research in CHD and to propose a slate of critical questions and investigations required to improve outcomes for this growing population of survivors and their families. Prior research, although limited, suggests that individualised developmental care interventions delivered early in life are beneficial for improving a range of outcomes including feeding, motor and cognitive development, and physiological regulation. Interventions to address self-regulatory, cognitive, and social-emotional challenges have shown promise in other medical populations, yet their applicability and effectiveness for use in individuals with CHD have not been examined. To move this field of research forward, we must strive to better understand the impact of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial intervention within the CHD population including adapting existing interventions for individuals with CHD. We must examine the ways in which dedicated cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes bolster resilience and support children and families through the myriad transitions inherent to the experience of living with CHD. And, we must ensure that interventions are person-/family-centred, inclusive of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds as well as those with genetic/medical comorbidities, and proactive in their efforts to include individuals who are at highest risk but who may be traditionally less likely to participate in intervention trials.
THE RULE OF LAW AND THE LIMITS OF ANARCHY
Authors: Pavel Carmen E.
Published: June 2021

Anarchy is often contrasted with law, order, or security. But anarchist societies, by which I mean societies that lack a monopoly of coercive force, need not be lawless. They can develop sophisticated legal systems that regulate the behavior of their members and protect their rights. International law, market anarchism, and other models of anarchism such as the one proposed by Chandran Kukathas already exhibit or could plausibly exhibit complex legal rules and institutions. I will show that insofar as these models rely on consent, they all share similar structural flaws, namely, that they cannot meet basic rule-of-law values such as equality before the law and access to legal remedies for wrongs that embody and respect individual moral equality, even minimally conceived. The implication of this argument is not to vindicate state-based legal systems. Rather it is to show that legal systems, state-based or not, must have a strong nonconsensual, coercive element: the process of making, applying, and enforcing law must, to some extent, be severed from consent if law is to perform its function of providing for minimal justice.
Naming in Older Adults: Complementary Auditory and Visual Assessment
Authors: Hamberger Marla J. , Heydari Nahal , Caccappolo Elise , Seidel William T.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Naming difficulty is a common symptom of multiple age-related neurodegenerative disorders. As naming difficulty increases with age, valid, up-to-date naming assessment tools are crucial for differentiating between neurotypical changes in healthy aging and pathological naming difficulty. We aimed to develop and provide normative data for complementary auditory description naming and visual naming tests for older adults. Furthermore, these measures would include not only untimed accuracy, typically the sole naming performance measure, but also additional scores that incorporate features characteristic of actual word finding difficulty.

Methods:

A normative sample of 407 healthy older adults, aged 56–100 years, were administered the Auditory Naming Test (ANT) and Visual Naming Test (VNT), and other standardized measures.

Results:

Item analyses resulted in 36 stimuli for both tests. Age-stratified, education-based normative data are provided for accuracy, response time, tip-of-the-tongue (i.e., delayed, yet accurate responses plus correct responses following phonemic cueing), and multiple Summary Scores. Internal and test–retest reliability coefficients were reasonable (.59–.84). Untimed accuracy scores were high across age groups, seemingly reflecting stability of naming into late adulthood; however, time- and cue-based scores revealed reduced efficiency in word retrieval with increasing age.

Conclusions:

These complementary auditory and visual naming test for older adults improve upon the current standard by providing more sensitive performance measures and the addition of an auditory–verbal component for assessing naming. Detection of subtle naming changes in healthy aging holds promise for capturing symptomatic naming changes during the early stages of neurocognitive disorders involving expressive language, potentially assisting in earlier diagnoses and more timely treatment.
HF‐VHF Electromagnetic Emissions From Collisions of Sprite Streamers
Authors: Garnung M. B. , Celestin S. , Farges T.
Published: June 2021

Sprites are complex transient plasma discharges that consist of many plasma filaments named streamers. They are produced high above thunderstorms. Sprites are known to produce electromagnetic radiation observed typically in the extremely low (ELF), ultra low (ULF), to as high as medium frequency (MF) radio bands. Recent research work showed that head‐on streamer collisions lead to a reinforcement of the electric field over a short time scale, typically a few picoseconds at ground‐level. The use of the similarity laws leads to a corresponding time scale on the order of a fraction of a microsecond at 50 km altitude, which opens the eventuality for HF‐VHF emissions from sprites. In this study, using a multifluid streamer model paired with an antenna model assimilating the streamer as a straight segment. We simulate head‐on collision between two streamers with opposite polarities in order to evaluate their electromagnetic emissions. We report numerical prediction of the electromagnetic signature for 50, 60, 70, and 80 km altitudes. The magnetic field radiated varies over four orders of magnitude, between less than 0.1 fT and 7 pT. Comparing the spectral density from the head‐on collision between two streamers with IME‐HF (TARANIS), ICE (DEMETER), and FORTE RF payload, we find that IME‐HF and ICE could detect these signatures. We compare these results with sensitive ground‐based instruments like the radiotelescope NenuFAR, and show that detections of such events might be possible with this type of fast and sensitive radiotelescopes.
Anomalous Increase in the Occurrence of Post‐Midnight FAI Radar Echoes in September 2019 and Its Relation With the Austral Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Sridharan S. , Solomon Ivan J. , Hozumi K. , Yatini C. Y. , Yokoyama T. , Hashiguchi H.
Published: June 2021

The F‐region observations of field aligned irregularities (FAI) by the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) at Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E, 10.36°S dip latitude) show maximum percentage of occurrence (PO) of post‐midnight echoes due to spread F during boreal summer of solar minimum years. However, the PO is observed to be anomalously high during September 2019, when compared to the similar solar minimum year 2018 even after removing geomagnetically disturbed days indicating the lower atmospheric dynamical forcing. Coincidently, an austral polar sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event has occurred during September 2019, which precedes large planetary wave activity. Due to the circulation changes associated with the SSW, though the accumulation of ozone over the equatorial stratosphere is inferred from the space‐borne Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) measurements, the expected enhancement in the amplitude of the upper mesospheric migrating semi‐diurnal tide (SW2) is not observed in SABER temperature. But there is a drastic decrease in the amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide (DW1). The enhancement of stationary diurnal tide (DS0) suggests that the DW1 may have interacted with the planetary wave of zonal wavenumber 1 to generate DS0 at the expense of the DW1 tide. It is suggested that the relative increase of SW2 over DW1 leads to the dominant semi‐diurnal variation of the zonal electric field, which can become eastward at a later time as observed in the ionosonde measurements and lift the F‐layer to higher heights creating favorable conditions for the growth of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability to generate spread F around midnight.
Calculating Human Health Risks with General Weather Data
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: June 2021

Gridded climate data sets are just as effective as weather station data at assessing human mortality risk related to heat and cold, researchers suggest.
Effects of Bubble Injections on the Plasma Sheet Configuration
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Sina , Yang Jian , Wang Chih‐Ping , Mousavi Ameneh , Wang Wenrui , Sun Weiqin , Toffoletto Frank , Wolf Richard
Published: June 2021

The bimodal transport in the plasma sheet consists of sunward large‐scale, coherent, and slow motion of charged particles in the closed‐field‐line region as well as meso‐scale, localized, and transient fast flow bursts. It has been found that these earthward moving bursty bulk flows, also called “bubbles,” play a crucial role not only in the transporting mass and energy, but also in resolving the pressure‐balance crisis with their integrated effects. In this study, we examine how bubbles can affect the average configuration of the middle and inner plasma sheet using the Inertialized Rice Convection Model (RCM‐I). Bubbles are sporadically imposed at on the nightside plasma sheet, with optimized parameters that constrain their statistical properties. The consequence of the injection of these series of bubbles is evaluated by comparing against observed statistical results, including plasma moments and magnetic field configuration. Our findings confirm that bursty bulk flows are indispensable elements in the magnetotail plasma sheet.
Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery and non-surgical weight management programmes for adults with severe obesity: a decision analysis model
Authors: Boyers D. , Retat L. , Jacobsen E. , Avenell A. , Aveyard P. , Corbould E. , Jaccard A. , Cooper D. , Robertson C. , Aceves-Martins M. , Xu B. , Skea Z. , de Bruin M. ,   and the REBALANCE team, Jacobsen E. , Boyers D. , Cooper D. , Retat L. , Aveyard P. , Stewart Fiona , MacLennan Graeme , Webber Laura , Corbould E. , Xu B. , Jaccard A. , Boyle Bonnie , Duncan Eilidh , Shimonovich Michal , Fraser Cynthia , Kemp Lara
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To determine the most cost-effective weight management programmes (WMPs) for adults, in England with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2), who are more at risk of obesity related diseases.

Methods

An economic evaluation of five different WMPs: 1) low intensity (WMP1); 2) very low calorie diets (VLCD) added to WMP1; 3) moderate intensity (WMP2); 4) high intensity (Look AHEAD); and 5) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, all compared to a baseline scenario representing no WMP. We also compare a VLCD added to WMP1 vs. WMP1 alone. A microsimulation decision analysis model was used to extrapolate the impact of changes in BMI, obtained from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of WMPs and bariatric surgery, on long-term risks of obesity related disease, costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) measured as incremental cost per QALY gained over a 30-year time horizon from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective. Sensitivity analyses explored the impact of long-term weight regain assumptions on results.

Results

RYGB was the most costly intervention but also generated the lowest incidence of obesity related disease and hence the highest QALY gains. Base case ICERs for WMP1, a VLCD added to WMP1, WMP2, Look AHEAD, and RYGB compared to no WMP were £557, £6628, £1540, £23,725 and £10,126 per QALY gained respectively. Adding a VLCD to WMP1 generated an ICER of over £121,000 per QALY compared to WMP1 alone. Sensitivity analysis found that all ICERs were sensitive to the modelled base case, five year post intervention cessation, weight regain assumption.

Conclusions

RYGB surgery was the most effective and cost-effective use of scarce NHS funding resources. However, where fixed healthcare budgets or patient preferences exclude surgery as an option, a standard 12 week behavioural WMP (WMP1) was the next most cost-effective intervention.
Retrograde nerve growth factor signaling modulates tooth mechanical hyperalgesia induced by orthodontic tooth movement via acid-sensing ion channel 3
Authors: Gao Meiya , Yan Xinyu , Lu Yanzhu , Ren Linghuan , Zhang Shizhen , Zhang Xiaoqi , Kuang Qianyun , Liu Lu , Zhou Jing , Wang Yan , Lai Wenli , Long Hu
Published: June 2021

Orthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was induced by ligating closed coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague–Dawley rats. Retrograde labeling was performed by periodontal administration of fluor-conjugated NGF and the detection of fluorescence in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Lentivirus vectors carrying NGF shRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of NGF in TG. The administration of agonists, antagonists, and virus vectors into TG and periodontium was conducted. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was examined through the threshold of biting withdrawal. Our results revealed that tooth movement elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by NGF neutralizing antibody and that NGF was upregulated in periodontium (mainly in periodontal fibroblasts) and TG. Retrograde labeling revealed that periodontal NGF was retrogradely transported to TG after day 1. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and NGF were co-expressed in trigeminal neurons and the percentage of co-expression was significantly higher following tooth movement. The administration of NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody into TG could upregulate and downregulate the expression of ASIC3 in TG, respectively. NGF aggravated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by ASIC3 antagonist (APETx2). Moreover, NGF neutralizing antibody mitigated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be recapitulated by ASIC3 agonist (GMQ). NGF-based gene therapy abolished tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated ASIC3 expression. Taken together, in response to force stimuli, periodontal fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of NGF that was retrogradely transported to TG, where NGF elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia through upregulating ASIC3. NGF-based gene therapy is a viable method in alleviating tooth-movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.
A metabolome-wide association study in the general population reveals decreased levels of serum laurylcarnitine in people with depression
Authors: Zacharias Helena U. , Hertel Johannes , Johar Hamimatunnisa , Pietzner Maik , Lukaschek Karoline , Atasoy Seryan , Kunze Sonja , Völzke Henry , Nauck Matthias , Friedrich Nele , Kastenmüller Gabi , Grabe Hans J. , Gieger Christian , Krumsiek Jan , Ladwig Karl-Heinz
Published: June 2021

Depression constitutes a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite extensive research on its interaction with psychobiological factors, associated pathways are far from being elucidated. Metabolomics, assessing the final products of complex biochemical reactions, has emerged as a valuable tool for exploring molecular pathways. We conducted a metabolome-wide association analysis to investigate the link between the serum metabolome and depressed mood (DM) in 1411 participants of the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region) F4 study (discovery cohort). Serum metabolomics data comprised 353 unique metabolites measured by Metabolon. We identified 72 (5.1%) KORA participants with DM. Linear regression tests were conducted modeling each metabolite value by DM status, adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index, antihypertensive, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, and thyroid gland hormone drugs, corticoids and antidepressants. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subcohorts stratified for sex, suicidal ideation, and use of antidepressants. We replicated our results in an independent sample of 968 participants of the SHIP-Trend (Study of Health in Pomerania) study including 52 (5.4%) individuals with DM (replication cohort). We found significantly lower laurylcarnitine levels in KORA F4 participants with DM after multiple testing correction according to Benjamini/Hochberg. This finding was replicated in the independent SHIP-Trend study. Laurylcarnitine remained significantly associated (pvalue < 0.05) with depression in samples stratified for sex, suicidal ideation, and antidepressant medication. Decreased blood laurylcarnitine levels in depressed individuals may point to impaired fatty acid oxidation and/or mitochondrial function in depressive disorders, possibly representing a novel therapeutic target.
Contribution of common risk variants to multiple sclerosis in Orkney and Shetland
Authors: Barnes Catriona L. K. , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , Campbell Harry , Joshi Peter K. , Wilson James F.
Published: June 2021

Orkney and Shetland, the population isolates that make up the Northern Isles of Scotland, are of particular interest to multiple sclerosis (MS) research. While MS prevalence is high in Scotland, Orkney has the highest global prevalence, higher than more northerly Shetland. Many hypotheses for the excess of MS cases in Orkney have been investigated, including vitamin D deficiency and homozygosity: neither was found to cause the high prevalence of MS. It is possible that this excess prevalence may be explained through unique genetics. We used polygenic risk scores (PRS) to look at the contribution of common risk variants to MS. Analyses were conducted using ORCADES (97/2118 cases/controls), VIKING (15/2000 cases/controls) and Generation Scotland (30/8708 cases/controls) data sets. However, no evidence of a difference in MS-associated common variant frequencies was found between the three control populations, aside fromHLA-DRB1*15:01tag SNP rs9271069. This SNP had a significantly higher risk allele frequency in Orkney (0.23,pvalue = 8 × 10–13) and Shetland (0.21,pvalue = 2.3 × 10–6) than mainland Scotland (0.17). This difference in frequency is estimated to account for 6 (95% CI 3, 8) out of 150 observed excess cases per 100,000 individuals in Shetland and 9 (95% CI 8, 11) of the observed 257 excess cases per 100,000 individuals in Orkney, compared with mainland Scotland. Common variants therefore appear to account for little of the excess burden of MS in the Northern Isles of Scotland.
Modeling electrochemical properties of LiMn$$_{1-x}$$Co$$_{x}$$BO$$_3$$ for cathode materials in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries
Authors: Nhapulo Sérgio Leonardo , de Almeida Jailton Souza
Published: June 2021

In this work, we report first-principle calculations of the electrochemical properties of lithitated and delithiated LiMn$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

Co$$_{x}$$

x

BO$$_3$$

3

($$x = 0$$

x
=
0

, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) crystals based on the density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and also considering the on-site Coulomb interaction, the so-called Hubbard correction. We found that the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band of these crystals are mainly formed by the hybridization of the 3d orbitals of mixed Mn$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

Co$$_{x}$$

x

ions and oxygen 2p orbitals. We observed a band gap narrowing with an increase of cobalt concentration and that the Hubbard correction implies a better theoretical description of their electronic structures. When considering the delithiated materials, our calculations show a metallic behavior for intermediate cobalt concentrations ($$x = 0.25$$

x
=
0.25

, 0.5, 0.75), which is a good quality for cathodic materials, as it improves the battery discharge process. We also obtained high (4.14 V vs. Li$$^+$$

+

/Li$$^0$$

0

and 4.16 V vs. Li$$^+$$

+

/Li$$^0$$

0

) open circuit voltage (OCV) values at cobalt concentrations of $$x = 0.5$$

x
=
0.5

and 0.75, where we believe that if these high OCV values are accompanied by a high charge storage capacity, these compounds can become promising and useful cathode materials. Finally, our results are in accordance with previous calculations and also with experimental results.
Effects of mixed meal tolerance test on gastric emptying, glucose and lipid homeostasis in obese nonhuman primates
Authors: Albarazanji Kamal , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Gao Bin , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Yixin , Xiao Yong-Fu
Published: June 2021

Meal ingestion elicits a variety of neuronal, physiological and hormonal responses that differ in healthy, obese or diabetic individuals. The mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is a well-established method to evaluate pancreatic β-cell reserve and glucose homeostasis in both preclinical and clinical research in response to calorically defined meal. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are highly valuable for diabetic research as they can naturally develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a way similar to the onset and progression of human T2DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility and effects of a MMTT containing acetaminophen on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin hormones, lipids, acetaminophen appearance (a surrogate marker for gastric emptying) in 16 conscious obese cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Plasma insulin, C-peptide, TG, aGLP-1, tGIP, PYY and acetaminophen significantly increased after meal/acetaminophen administration. A subsequent study in 6 animals showed that the changes of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids and acetaminophen were reproducible. There were no significant differences in responses to the MMTT among the obese NHPs with (n = 11) or without (n = 5) hyperglycemia. Our results demonstrate that mixed meal administration induces significant secretion of several incretins which are critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. In addition, the responses to the MMTTs are reproducible in NHPs, which is important when the MMTT is used for evaluating post-meal glucose homeostasis in research.
Derangement of cell cycle markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic patients as a reliable biomarker for asthma control
Authors: Hachim Mahmood Yaseen , Elemam Noha Mousaad , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Salameh Laila , Olivenstein Ronald , Hachim Ibrahim Yaseen , Venkatachalam Thenmozhi , Mahboub Bassam , Al Heialy Saba , Hamid Qutayba , Hamoudi Rifat
Published: June 2021

In asthma, most of the identified biomarkers pertain to the Th2 phenotype and no known biomarkers have been verified for severe asthmatics. Therefore, identifying biomarkers using the integrative phenotype-genotype approach in severe asthma is needed. The study aims to identify novel biomarkers as genes or pathways representing the core drivers in asthma development, progression to the severe form, resistance to therapy, and tissue remodeling regardless of the sample cells or tissues examined. Comprehensive reanalysis of publicly available transcriptomic data that later was validated in vitro, and locally recruited patients were used to decipher the molecular basis of asthma. Our in-silicoanalysis revealed a total of 10 genes (GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1, KRT8, TOP2A, SERPINE1, ANLN, MKI67, NEK2, and RRM2) related to cell cycle and proliferation to be deranged in the severe asthmatic bronchial epithelium and fibroblasts compared to their healthy counterparts. In vitro, RT qPCR results showed that (SERPINE1 and RRM2) were upregulated in severe asthmatic bronchial epithelium and fibroblasts, (SFN, ABCA1, TOP2A, SERPINE1, MKI67, and NEK2) were upregulated in asthmatic bronchial epithelium while (GPRC5A and KRT8) were upregulated only in asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts. Furthermore, MKI76, RRM2, and TOP2A were upregulated in Th2 high epithelium while GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1 were upregulated in the blood of asthmatic patients. SFN, ABCA1 were higher, while MKI67 was lower in severe asthmatic with wheeze compared to nonasthmatics with wheezes. SERPINE1 and GPRC5A were downregulated in the blood of eosinophilic asthmatics, while RRM2 was upregulated in an acute attack of asthma. Validation of the gene expression in PBMC of locally recruited asthma patients showed that SERPINE1, GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1, MKI67, and RRM2 were downregulated in severe uncontrolled asthma. We have identified a set of biologically crucial genes to the homeostasis of the lung and in asthma development and progression. This study can help us further understand the complex interplay between the transcriptomic data and the external factors which may deviate our understanding of asthma heterogeneity.
Current biological approaches for management of crucifer pests
Authors: Mayanglambam Saini , Singh Kabrambam Dasanta , Rajashekar Yallappa
Published: June 2021

Cabbage is considered as one of the most commonly found vegetables and it has been cultivated in large areas throughout the year. As it is mostly grown in large areas, higher rate of pest infestation likely to occur, which hinder its total production and consumption. However, continuous use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural pest management often leads to various negative impacts such as development of resistance by the pest, adverse effect on non-target organisms and hazardous effect on environment. These drawbacks led to an alternative approaches for control of crucifer pests that are cost effective, biodegradable, low toxic effect on non-target organisms and eco-friendly. This review brings together all the information of different biological practices for management of crucifer pests and list of botanical insecticides and entomopathogenic organisms that are being reported. This will help in establishing the knowledge of limited studies on pest management using different biological control methods to more challenging research and conveys the importance of pest management system for taking research forward.
The first competing risk survival nomogram in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Xing , Hou Niu-Niu , Yang Li-Jun , Li Peng-Xiao , Yang Xiao-Jian , Hou Guang-Dong , Gao Xue-Lin , Ma Shuai-Jun , Guo Fan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Wu-He , Qin Wei-Jun , Wang Fu-Li
Published: June 2021

There is still a lack of competing risk analysis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) following surgery. We performed the cumulative incidence function (CIF) to estimate the absolute risks of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) of pRCC over time, and constructed a nomogram predicting the probability of 2-, 3- and 5-year CSM based on competing risk regression. A total of 5993 pRCC patients who underwent nephrectomy between 2010 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The 2-, 3-, 5-year CSM rates were 3.2%, 4.4% and 6.5%, respectively, and that of OCM were 3.2%, 5.0% and 9.3%, respectively. The estimates of 5-year cumulative mortality were most pronounced among patients aged > 75 years in OCM (17.0%). On multivariable analyses, age, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and with or without bone, liver and lung metastases were identified as independent predictors of CSM following surgery and were integrated to generate the nomogram. The nomogram achieved a satisfactory discrimination with the AUCt of 0.730 at 5-year, and the calibration curves presented impressive agreements. Taken together, age-related OCM is a significant portion of all-cause mortality in elderly patients and our nomogram can be used for decision-making and patient counselling.
Correction: An electronic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay platform for protein analysis based on magnetic beads and AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Wang Jin , Gu Zhiqi , Liu Xinsheng , Zhao Lei , Peng Huoxiang , Li Jiadong
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘An electronic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay platform for protein analysis based on magnetic beads and AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors’ by Jin Wang et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 2725–2730, DOI: 10.1039/C9AN01809C.
The efficient separation of N2O/CO2 using unsaturated Fe2+ sites in MIL-100Fe
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Feifei , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Libo , Li Jinping
Published: June 2021

It is a big challenge to separate N2O from CO2 using adsorption because they have similar physical properties.
A new computational strategy to calculate the surface energy of a dipolar crystal surface
Authors: Bruno M. , Ghignone S.
Published: June 2021

We propose a new computational strategy to calculate the surface energy of a dipolar crystal face by generating a twinned slab without dipole moment.
Hydration enthalpies of amorphous sucrose, trehalose and maltodextrins and their relationship with heat capacities
Authors: Bogdanova Ekaterina , Millqvist Fureby Anna , Kocherbitov Vitaly
Published: June 2021

A combination of results from sorption calorimetry and DSC shows that the thermodynamic state of water in glassy polysaccharides is different compared to that in glassy sugars.
Relating the structure and dynamics of ionic liquids under shear by means of reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bernardino Kalil , Ribeiro Mauro C. C.
Published: June 2021

The effect of shear rate on the viscosity and the structure of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids with three different anions was studied by means of RNEMD simulations using polarizable force field and correlated with Carreau equation.
Simplified preparation of a graphene-co-shelled Ni/NiO@C nano-catalyst and its application in the N-dimethylation synthesis of amines under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Song Yanpei , Zhuang Xiuzheng , Zhang Mingyue , Ma Longlong
Published: June 2021

An environmentally friendly and simplified method for the preparation of graphene encapsulated Ni/NiO nanoalloy catalysts (Ni/NiO@C) was developed for the highly selective synthesis of N-methylated compounds under mild conditions.
Boosting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activity of bimetallic CoFe selenite by exposing specific crystal facets
Authors: Guo Zheng-Han , Zhou Ling-Li , Pan Dong-Sheng , Huang Sai , Li Jin-Kun , Song Jun-Ling
Published: June 2021

It was of great significance to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions via simple and environmentally-friendly methods.
AC2P20 selectively kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis at acidic pH by depleting free thiols
Authors: Dechow Shelby J. , Coulson Garry B. , Wilson Michael W. , Larsen Scott D. , Abramovitch Robert B.
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is killed by the chemical probe AC2P20 at acidic pH, but not neutral pH. AC2P20 depletes Mtb free thiols at acidic pH showing Mtb is selectively sensitive to agents targeting thiol-redox homeostasis at acidic pH.
Effects of Oxygen via High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Adult Oropharyngeal Swallowing: A Literature Review
Authors: Devlin Candice , O'Bryan Rory
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The use of high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula has become increasingly more common in various patient populations given the multiple benefits for treating respiratory distress and failure. There is emerging, though varying research on the impact high-flow oxygen delivery may have on adult oropharyngeal swallowing function. The purpose of this literature review is to outline available research and examine study design, populations investigated, findings, and clinical considerations of these findings.

Method

After an extensive online database search, we found five available peer-reviewed research articles specifically investigating oropharyngeal swallowing function in adults receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. Each article was reviewed and summarized in detail with close attention paid to results and clinical implications. Limitations, indirectness, and/or methodologic flaws are highlighted for the readers' consideration.

Conclusions

Four prospective design studies and one retrospective data analysis collection have been published evaluating the effects of high-flow oxygen therapy on adult oropharyngeal swallowing. Three of the prospective design studies evaluated healthy adults; one prospective design and the retrospective analysis data collection investigated acute care patients requiring HFNC. Study findings varied greatly likely due to variability of each study's subject population, design, and methods. Variability of results may make it challenging for speech pathologists attempting to use evidence-based decision making in clinical practice. Additional studies investigating nonhealthy subjects undergoing instrumental swallow studies while on HFNC are warranted.
Physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes in low-permeability reservoir rocks when implementing the directional unloading method
Authors: Karev V.I. , Khimulia V.V.
Published: June 2021

This article describes the results of physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes in low-permeability reservoir rocks of the Achimov deposits of the Urengoy gas condensate field. The experiments were carried out on a unique true Triaxial Independent Loading Test System (TILTS) of the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The effect of the non-uniform triaxial stress state on the character of deformation and filtration processes in rocks was studied. Real stresses that occur in the bottomhole formation zone when the pressure in the well decreases were created in the rock specimens. Experiments were carried out to simulate the stress state at the walls of the open hole and at the tip of the perforation hole. The geomechanical approach is shown to be promising for creating ways to improve the quality of wells; in particular, the adaptation of the directional unloading method for the conditions of a given reservoir is considered. These studies are essential both in fundamental scientific and practical terms to substantiate technological solutions in the development of fields with low-permeability reservoirs.
System for preventing the water cone formation in gas deposits with low gas thickness
Authors: Kopylov D.E. , Strekalov A.V.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the problem of water cone formation in gas deposits of small gas-saturated thickness. The process of pulling the water cone into the production well is analyzed. The most popular and effective methods of solving this problem are presented. A method of using an electric screw pump to prevent water accumulation in the bottomhole zone is proposed. The method of calculating the optimal pump flow rate, which allows operating the well without its overheating, is considered.
Improving the efficiency of well workover solutions for the elimination of behind-the-casing flows
Authors: Rakhmaev L.G. , Odayev V.D.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the increase of profitability of water shutoff treatment (WST), which is used to eliminate behind-the-casing flows (cross-flow) in production and injection wells. It is presented that modern technologies of water shut-off works have low efficiency (success rate), especially in liquidation of non-perforating interval. Inefficient (wasteful) injection is currently one of the main problems in the development of oil and gas fields, as it significantly reduces the oil recovery factor in addition to the huge costs for oil companies for injection (operating costs). The article presents the results of hydrodynamic research and proposes methods for determining the presence of behind-the-casing flows (BCF) and methods for detecting wasteful injection without geophysical well-logging (a non-standard approach). The article also presents equipment for the elimination of the behind-the-casing flow and technology of its implementation.
On the variability of technological indicators in the extraction of precious metals
Authors: Ushakov E. K. , Alexandrova T. N.
Published: June 2021

in the conditions of significant variability of processed polymetallic ores of the Akbastau Deposit, it is essential to minimize the variability of technological indicators of enrichment. Due to the multifactorial nature and non-linearity of the flotation process, the use of classical regression models does not provide the necessary level of reliability, therefore, there is a significant variability in the extraction of precious metals. To solve this problem, the paper substantiates the use of the neural network modeling methodology, which allows to estimate the variability of gold and silver extraction depending on the variation of the content of metals in the ore.
Evaluation of the possibility of separating commercial phenol from the phenolic fraction of coal tar
Authors: Schastnyy Y.O. , Romanova N.A. , Gizatullin R.R.
Published: June 2021

This article is about the possibility of concentrating commercial coal phenol with a concentration of 99% by the weight method of rectification from the phenolic fraction of coal tar. The sufficiency of phenol is ensured by the kumol method, however, the consumption of phenol increases. Modeling of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of double and triple mixtures of components using the NRTL model showed the presence of the following positive homogeneous azeotropic mixtures: phenol-indane, phenol-indene. Modeling of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of double and triple mixtures of components using the NRTL model showed the presence of the following positive homogeneous azeotropic mixtures: phenol-indane, phenol-indene. The compositions and temperatures of these azeotropes are determined. The authors propose the isolation of phenol from the fraction and its purification from indane and indene by a clear rectification method. The technological scheme consisting of four devices is based on the analysis of the component composition of the initial mixture and the existing azeotropes. Modeling of the technological scheme showed that this scheme provides the release of phenol by 99% of the mass, which meets the requirements for coal phenol. After optimizing the technological parameters of the distillation columns, the estimated extraction costs will amount to 5.64 Gcal per ton of commercial phenol.
Investigation of the adhesion properties of organic dust suppressants
Authors: Ilyashenko I. S. , Kovshov S. V.
Published: June 2021

The authors of the article have developed and proposed for use a new environmentally safe organic dust suppressing compound. The article presents an overview and analysis of the most common organic dust suppressants , describes their features and characteristics. Methods for determining the adhesive properties of solutions have been studied, a proprietary technique has been proposed, and a stand has been developed for assessing the adhesive properties of dust-suppressing solutions applied to dusty surfaces of highways. The adhesion ability of environmentally safe dust control solutions, which have a natural basis and are used for dedusting linear and area sources of dust formation, was evaluated and analyzed. It was found that ginger oil has the lowest adhesion capacity (225.8 Pa), the highest is an aqueous solution of beet molasses (414.9 Pa).
Method of thermally stimulated acoustic emission to assess changes in the deformed state of rocks under quasi-static loading
Authors: Oshkin R.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the acoustic-emission response of limestone samples exposed to incrementally increasing quasi-static mechanical loads and a series of thermal shocks. The subject of the study also included the design and composition (confi-guration) of the laboratory facility for the research, as indicated above. The patterns of change in thermally stimulated acoustic emission (TAE) as a function of the deformed state of limestone under development are theoret-ically substantiated. An acoustic-emission criterion enabling a qualitative assessment of the residual strength of rocks was proposed and substan-tiated. The methodological approaches to the processing with the presenta-tion of the author’s interpretation of the physical meaning of the experi-mentally obtained initial measurement data are defined. Finally, the fundamental possibility of using the obtained results in the field conditions for monitoring the evolution of the deformed state of rocks is shown.
Soil deformation model analysis in the processing of the geotechnical monitoring results
Authors: Syasko Vladimir , Shikhov Aleksander
Published: June 2021

Much of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the permafrost soil area. The developed hydrocarbon deposits make a significant contribution to the budget of the Russian Federation. Therefore, ensuring trouble-free operation of engineering structures and these fields is the most crucial task. Frozen soil deformation leads to violations in the operation of structures, which entail economic harm and significant environmental problems. This article provides a brief overview of the leading causes of deformations of engineering structures built on permafrost soils. The methods currently used to stabilize the frozen soil deformation are considered, and the directions for solving this problem are proposed.
Autonomous complex for electro-thermal heating of oil wells fed by a photovoltaic installation
Authors: Shklyarskiy Y.E. , Starshaya V.V.
Published: June 2021

Paraffin deposits are a serious problem causing complications in oil production. This article describes the creation of a complex operatingonphotovoltaic installations to combat paraffin deposits. The authors offer an innovative method for accurate calculation of the parameters of photovoltaic installations, taking into account changes in total solar radiation, geographical and climatic conditions, the angle of inclination of solar panels, characteristics of the power source, and oil parameters. Measurements of solar radiation are carried out on the basis of mathematical and simulation modeling in Matlab Simulink. The results of the studies confirm the adequacy of the proposed method of oil well heating. This method of electric heating has a simple design and does not require underground works and well shutdown. Thus, it will improve the efficiency of oil production, prevent the formation of paraffin deposits, and ensure energy savings by reducing power losses and electricity consumption.
Methane utilization as a resource-saving method inthe coal industry
Authors: Blinova E.S. , Nevskaya M.A.
Published: June 2021

Risks of partial or total loss of ecosystems and species due to climate change are currently increasing. Russia is the world’s fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, which have a detrimental effect on ecosystems. The fuel and energy complex is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases; in this regard, it is precisely the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in this area has the utmost significance.In addition, methane as one of the greenhouse gases is harmful not only for the ecosystem but also for industrial safety, and this is also a sphere of state regulation.Since methane, based on its forecast volumes, may well be mined as an independent mineral product, it is necessary to develop a rational method for its use, since today everything that is mined is emitted into the atmosphere.The report analyzes how coal mining companies are currently using coal-seam methane. The volumes of methane in coal seams in the Russian Federation and in coal basins are analyzed. The world experience in the extraction of coalbed methane as a separate mineral product is investigated. A project is proposed for the rational use of methane as a separate mineral product.The main purpose of the article is to show that resource-saving measures for the use of methane can have not only environmental but also economic effect.A financial model of the project is proposed, which allowed to prove the economic efficiency of the project for the use of methane as a fuel. The article is based on the case method, the method for constructing financial models, the method for assessing risks, the method for analyzing information, etc.
Development of mobile technology for the disposal of oily waste
Authors: Goverdovskaya L.G. , Klimavichus Y.E. , Nosarev N.S.
Published: June 2021

Currently, one of the key sectors of the Russian Federation is the fuel industry. Oil and gas production is growing annually; in 2018, 555 million tons of oil and 733 billion m3 of gas were produced. The problem of the oil and gas industry is the negative impact on the environment, namely, the activities of oil and gas companies produce dangerous envi-ronmental pollutants, one of which is oil sludge. At the same time, it is a valuable raw material (potential product) that can be used in various indus-tries. Despite the fact that large amounts of oil sludge are formed in specia-lized facilities (barns), the volume of disposal and the degree of their use are low, which leads to the concentration of oily waste in sludge barns. These factors have an anthropogenic impact on the environment, thereby creating a threat to human health.