bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring alliance–outcome associations in a combined mental health and academic counselling setting for at‐risk students: The differential role of alliance components, personality, gender and pre‐treatment severity
Authors: Bilodeau Cynthia , Meissner John , Antunes‐Alves Sara , Konecki Robert , Ruci Lorena
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the differential role of therapeutic alliance components in predicting mental health and academic performance outcomes of a combined academic and personal counselling initiative. The study also explored the role of pre‐treatment severity and gender in alliance formation, as well as the moderating role of personality on alliance‐outcome associations in at‐risk students at a Canadian University. Pre‐ and post‐measures of mental health (SF‐36 Mental Health Composite Summary) and academic performance (GPA) were obtained for 78 at‐risk students enrolled in the counselling initiative. Criteria for risk included academic struggles, struggles with mental health, or both. Personality and demographic variables were obtained prior to the start of counselling and strength of therapeutic alliance was measured between sessions 3 and 6. Results showed that while all of the alliance components significantly predicted increases in student GPA, the task subscale predicted increases in mental health. Personality type preference was not found to moderate these associations. Furthermore, gender and pre‐symptom severity were not related to early alliance formation. The findings support the importance of the therapeutic alliance across counselling contexts and suggest that relationship oriented counselling initiatives may support both academic performance as well as psychological well‐being in at‐risk students. Implications are discussed.
miR‐21 sustains CD28 signalling and low‐affinity T‐cell responses at the expense of self‐tolerance
Authors: Fedeli Maya , Kuka Mirela , Finardi Annamaria , Albano Francesca , Viganò Valentina , Iannacone Matteo , Furlan Roberto , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia
Published: September 2021

Objective

miR‐21 is highly expressed in iNKT and activated T cells, but its T‐cell autonomous functions are poorly defined. We sought to investigate the role of miR‐21 in the development and functions of T and iNKT cells, representing adaptive and innate‐like populations, respectively.

Methods

We studied mice with a conditional deletion of miR‐21 in all mature T lymphocytes.

Results

Thymic and peripheral T and iNKT compartments were normal in miR‐21 KO mice. Upon activation in vitro, miR‐21 depletion reduced T‐cell survival, TH17 polarisation and, remarkably, T‐ and iNKT cell ability to respond to low‐affinity antigens, without altering their response to high‐affinity ones. Mechanistically, miR‐21 sustained CD28‐dependent costimulation pathways required to lower the T‐cell activation threshold, inhibiting its repressors in a positive feedback circuit, in turn increasing T‐cell sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival. Upon immunisation with the low‐affinity self‐epitope MOG35–55, miR‐21 KO mice were indeed less susceptible than WT animals to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas they mounted normal T‐cell responses against high‐affinity viral epitopes generated upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.

Conclusion

The induction of T‐cell responses to weak antigens (signal 1) depends on CD28 costimulation (signal 2). miR‐21 sustains CD28 costimulation, decreasing the T‐cell activation threshold and increasing their sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival, broadening the immune surveillance range. This occurs at the cost of unleashing autoimmunity, resulting from the recognition of weak self‐antigens by autoreactive immune responses. Thus, miR‐21 fine‐tunes T‐cell response and self‐/non‐self‐discrimination.
Five tips for supporting, empowering international students
Authors: Sanford Amy Aldridge , Raj Rishi
Published: September 2021

A little more than 1,000,000 students with international student or scholar visas are currently enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, making up nearly 6% of all postsecondary enrollment within the country. NAFSA, the world's largest professional association dedicated to international education, reported that in 2019–20 alone international students contributed $38.7 billion to the U.S. economy (read more at https://bit.ly/3AfNCla).
Consider leadership issues for 2021–2022
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: September 2021

We've all been totally consumed with COVID‐19 issues for more than 18 months now. While we certainly cannot let our guard down, there are other things to consider for the 2021–2022 academic year. I reviewed articles regarding leadership trends, issues, and challenges for 2021 and beyond. Here's a sampling of what I found.
Social relevance modulates multivariate neural representations of threat generalization in children and adults
Authors: Glenn Dana E. , Feldman Julia S. , Ivie Elizabeth J. , Shechner Tomer , Leibenluft Ellen , Pine Daniel S. , Peters Megan A. K. , Michalska Kalina J.
Published: September 2021

Few studies have examined threat generalization across development and no developmental studies have compared the generalization of social versus nonsocial threat, making it difficult to identify contextual factors that contribute to threat learning across development. The present study assessed youth and adults’ multivoxel neural representations of social versus nonsocial threat stimuli. Twenty adults (Mage = 25.7 ± 4.9) and 16 youth (Mage = 14.1 ± 1.7) completed two conditioning and extinction recall paradigms: one social and one nonsocial paradigm. Three weeks after conditioning, participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging extinction recall task that presented the extinguished threat cue (CS+), a safety cue (CS−), and generalization stimuli (GS) consisting of CS−/CS+ blends. Across age groups, neural activity patterns and self‐reported fear and memory ratings followed a linear generalization gradient for social threat stimuli and a quadratic generalization gradient for nonsocial threat stimuli, indicating enhanced threat/safety discrimination for social relative to nonsocial threat stimuli. The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex displayed the greatest neural pattern differentiation between the CS+ and GS/CS−, reinforcing their role in threat learning and extinction recall. Contrary to predictions, age did not influence threat representations. These findings highlight the importance of the social relevance of threat on generalization across development.
Prevalence of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from wild bird feces in an urban aquatic environment
Authors: G. C. Rodrigues Joana , Nair Harisree P. , O'Kane Christopher , Walker Caray A.
Published: September 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of wildlife, yet little is known about the origin and impact within the ecosystem. Due to the shortage of nonepizootic surveillance, there is limited understanding of the natural prevalence and circulation of AMR bacteria in the wild animal population, including avian species. In this surveillance study, feces from wild birds in proximity to the River Cam, Cambridge, England, were collected and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated. Of the 115 samples collected, 24 (20.9%; 95% CI, 12.6%‒29.2%) harbored Pseudomonas spp. of which 18 (75%; 95% CI, 58%‒92%) had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2. No Pseudomonas spp. isolate in this study was pansusceptible. Resistance was found among the 24 isolates against ciprofloxacin (87.5%; 95% CI, 74.3%‒100%) and cefepime (83.3%; 95% CI, 68.4%‒98.2%), both of which are extensively used to treat opportunistic Pseudomonas spp. infections. The prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. in the wild bird feces sampled during this study is greater than previous, similar studies. Additionally, their multidrug resistance profile provides insight into the potential risk for ecosystem contamination. It further highlights the importance of a One Health approach, including ongoing surveillance efforts that help to develop the understanding of how wildlife, including avifauna, may contribute and disperse AMR across the ecosystem.
Hydroamination and Hydrophosphination of Isocyanates/Isothiocyanates under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhu Xiancui , Xu Mengchen , Sun Jinrong , Guo Dianjun , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Shuangliu , Wang Shaowu
Published: September 2021

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical N,N’‐disubstituted as well as trisubstituted ureas/thioureas by the hydroamination of isocyanates/isothiocyanates, and various phosphathioureas by the hydrophosphination of isothiocyanates have been synthesized in good to excellent yields under catalyst‐free and mild conditions. This protocol is also applicable for the efficient synthesis of chiral ureas and thioureas and common herbicides, such as fenuron and monuron.
Hypoxia‐stimulated ATM activation regulates autophagy‐associated exosome release from cancer‐associated fibroblasts to promote cancer cell invasion
Authors: Xi Lei , Peng Meixi , Liu Shuiqing , Liu Yongcan , Wan Xueying , Hou Yixuan , Qin Yilu , Yang Liping , Chen Shanchun , Zeng Huan , Teng Yong , Cui Xiaojiang , Liu Manran
Published: September 2021

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a predominant cell component in the tumour microenvironment (TME) play an essential role in tumour progression. Our earlier studies revealed oxidized ATM activation in breast CAFs, which is independent of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). Oxidized ATM has been found to serve as a redox sensor to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. However, whether and how oxidized ATM in breast CAFs regulates breast cancer progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that oxidized ATM phosphorylates BNIP3 to induce autophagosome accumulation and exosome release from hypoxic breast CAFs. Inhibition of oxidized ATM kinase by KU60019 (a small‐molecule inhibitor of activated ATM) or shRNA‐mediated knockdown of endogenous ATM or BNIP3 blocks autophagy and exosome release from hypoxic CAFs. We also show that oxidized ATM phosphorylates ATP6V1G1, a core proton pump in maintaining lysosomal acidification, leading to lysosomal dysfunction and autophagosome fusion with multi‐vesicular bodies (MVB) but not lysosomes to facilitate exosome release. Furthermore, autophagy‐associated GPR64 is enriched in hypoxic CAFs‐derived exosomes, which stimulates the non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling to upregulate MMP9 and IL‐8 in recipient breast cancer cells, enabling cancer cells to acquire enhanced invasive abilities. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the role of stromal CAFs in promoting tumour progression and reveal a new function of oxidized ATM in regulating autophagy and exosome release.
Updates to Spectrum's case surveillance and vital registration tool for HIV estimates and projections
Authors: Mahiane Severin G. , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Glaubius Robert , Case Kelsey K. , Sabin Keith M. , Marsh Kimberly
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The Case Surveillance and Vital Registration (CSAVR) model within Spectrum estimates HIV incidence trends from surveillance data on numbers of new HIV diagnoses and HIV‐related deaths. This article describes developments of the CSAVR tool to more flexibly model diagnosis rates over time, estimate incidence patterns by sex and age group and by key population group.

Methods

We modelled HIV diagnosis rate trends as a mixture of three factors, including temporal and opportunistic infection components. The tool was expanded to estimate incidence rate ratios by sex and age for countries with disaggregated reporting of new HIV diagnoses and AIDS deaths, and to account for information on key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), males who inject drugs (MWID), female sex workers (FSW) and females who inject drugs (FWID). We used a Bayesian framework to calibrate the tool in 71 high‐income or low‐HIV burden countries.

Results

Across countries, an estimated median 89% (interquartile range [IQR]: 78%–96%) of HIV‐positive adults knew their status in 2019. Mean CD4 counts at diagnosis were stable over time, with a median of 456 cells/μl (IQR: 391–508) across countries in 2019. In European countries reporting new HIV diagnoses among key populations, median estimated proportions of males that are MSM and MWID was 1.3% (IQR: 0.9%–2.0%) and 0.56% (IQR: 0.51%–0.64%), respectively. The median estimated proportions of females that are FSW and FWID were 0.36% (IQR: 0.27%–0.45%) and 0.14 (IQR: 0.13%–0.15%), respectively. HIV incidence per 100 person‐years increased among MSM, with median estimates reaching 0.43 (IQR: 0.29–1.73) in 2019, but remained stable in MWID, FSW and FWID, at around 0.12 (IQR: 0.04–1.9), 0.09 (IQR: 0.06–0.69) and 0.13% (IQR: 0.08%–0.91%) in 2019, respectively. Knowledge of HIV status among HIV‐positive adults gradually increased since the early 1990s to exceed 75% in more than 75% of countries in 2019 among each key population.

Conclusions

CSAVR offers an approach to using routine surveillance and vital registration data to estimate and project trends in both HIV incidence and knowledge of HIV status.
Clinical and molecular characterization of five Chinese patients with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis
Authors: Liang Huanhuan , Li Niu , Yao Ru‐en , Yu Tingting , Ding Lixia , Chen Jing , Wang Jian
Published: September 2021

Background

Osteopetrosis is characterized by increased bone density and bone marrow cavity stenosis due to a decrease in the number of osteoclasts or the dysfunction of their differentiation and absorption properties usually caused by biallelic variants of the TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes.

Methods

In this study, we describe five Chinese children who presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, repeated infections, and increased bone density. Whole‐exome sequencing identified five compound heterozygous variants of the CLCN7 and TCIRG1 genes in these patients.

Results

Patient 1 had a novel variant c.1555C>T (p.L519F) and a previously reported pathogenic variant c.2299C>T (p.R767W) in CLCN7. Patient 2 harbored a novel missense variant (c.1025T>C; p.L342P) and a novel splicing variant (c.286‐9G>A) in CLCN7. Patients 3A and 3B from one family displayed the same compound heterozygous TCIRG1 variant, including a novel frameshift variant (c.1370del; p.T457Tfs*71) and a novel splicing variant (c.1554+2T>C). In Patient 4, two novel variants were identified in the TCIRG1 gene: c.676G>T; p.E226* and c.1191del; p.P398Sfs*5. Patient 5 harbored two known pathogenic variants, c.909C>A (p.Y303*) and c.2008C>T (p.R670*), in TCIRG1. Analysis of the products obtained from the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that the c.286‐9G>A variant in CLCN7 of patient 2 leads to intron 3 retention, resulting in the formation of a premature termination codon (p.E95Vfs*8). These five patients were eventually diagnosed with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, and the three children with TCIRG1 variants received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions

Our results expand the spectrum of variation of genes related to osteopetrosis and deepen the understanding of the relationship between the genotype and clinical characteristics of osteopetrosis.
Stability analysis of time‐fractional differential equations with initial data
Authors: Bouteraa Noureddine , Inc Mustafa , Akgül Ali
Published: September 2021

In this work, we investigate the stability of solution for a class of time‐fractional differential equation with initial data by the help of a fractional Duhamel principle; we use it and the superposition principle to obtain the solution of our problem. We present some theoretical results by some scientific theorems and lemmas.
Analysis of influencing factors of nurse‐patient disputes based on patient characteristics: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yawen , Lu Jinjin , Ye Qian , Ji Li , Lu Zhongqiu , Li Jufang , Xu Hongbo
Published: September 2021

Aim

To explore the prevalence of nurse‐patient disputes and the influencing factors based on an analysis of patient characteristics.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study used the convenience sampling method. Three self‐designed questionnaires based on clinical experience and literature review were used to collect the current status of nurse‐patient disputes and to assess patients’ humanistic qualities and patients’ recognition of nursing work. The Big Five personality questionnaire was used to assess the five personality traits of patients.

Results

Of the patients, 9.6% reported having a dispute with nurses. The results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that patients’ humanistic quality, recognition of nursing work and agreeableness in personality traits had a negative predictive effect on nurse‐patient disputes, while family monthly income and neuroticism in personality traits positively predicted disputes.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Chinese nurses
Authors: Xu Huiwen , Yuan Yuan , Gong Weijuan , Zhang Jingyi , Liu Xinyi , Zhu Pingting , Takashi En , Kitayama Akio , Wan Xiaojuan , Jiao Jianhui
Published: September 2021

Aim

This study aims to develop a reliable and validate Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI).

Design

A cross‐sectional validation design was adopted in this study.

Methods

After obtaining the copyright by contacting with the author, the original English OLBI was developed to Chinese by forward translation, back‐translation, cultural adaptation and a pre‐test (20 nurses). The Chinese OLBI and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered to 641 clinical nurses during July and August, 2020. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient), split reliability (split half coefficient), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and criterion validity (comparison with MBI, using Pearson correlation analysis) were assessed.

Results

The Chinese OLBI included 16 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors with a cumulative contribution of 62.245%. Two‐dimensional structure (exhaustion and disengagement) was confirmed. It has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient values of 0.905, 0.933 and 0.876 for the total questionnaire, exhaustion dimension and disengagement dimension, respectively), split half reliability (split half coefficient = 0.883, p < .01) and criterion validity (r = 0.873, p < .01). Pearson coefficients between 16 items and the scale varied from 0.479–0.765. An acceptable model fit (χ2/df = 2.49, RMSEA = 0.068, TLI = 0.906, CFI = 0.922, SRMR = 0.061) was achieved.
Robust extended Kalman filtering for nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown inputs and correlated noises
Authors: Jahanian Mohadese , Ramezani Amin , Moarefianpour Ali , Shoorehdeli Mahdi Aliyari
Published: September 2021

This study proposes a robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties, unknown inputs, and correlated process and measurement noises. An augmented model is proposed to estimate the unknown inputs and system states simultaneously. The designed filter guarantees an upper bound on the error covariance of the estimation. It is robust against process and measurement noises, model uncertainties, and unknown inputs. Besides, the robust performance of the designed filter is evaluated. Finally, a realistic gas pipeline is simulated by OLGA multiphase flow simulation software. REKF and extended Kalman filter are compared to detect the pipeline's leakage and location. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed REKF.
Risk factors of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in preventive tooth extraction before bone resorption inhibitor administration: A multicenter nested case–control study
Authors: Saito Taro , Nishikawa Atsushi , Hara‐Saito Yuko , Salazar Andrea Rei Estacio , Kurokawa Akira , Iida Akihiko , Yamaga Masahiro , Kano Hiroyuki , Kato Yusuke , Takata Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Hideyoshi , Kitamura Nobutaka , Tanaka Takahiro , Takagi Ritsuo
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) occurs even after teeth with poor prognosis had been preventively extracted and medication had been initiated. In this nested case–control study, we focused on tooth extraction before bone resorption inhibitor administration for the treatment of malignant tumors.

Materials and Methods

A total of 180 teeth of 58 patients who were treated with zoledronic acid and/or denosumab from April 2012 to December 2016 at our hospital or partner institutions were included in this multicenter study. All participants underwent tooth extraction within 1 year before initiating therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year or at most 3 years after initiating bone resorption inhibitor administration. We evaluated the systemic and local risk factors: sex, age, cancer type, overweightness/obesity, anemia, undernutrition, diabetes, smoking, concomitant drugs, tooth extraction site, use of antibacterial drugs, wound closure, and waiting period between tooth extraction and medication.

Results

MRONJ occurred in 18 teeth of 10 patients and not in 162 teeth of 48 patients. Based on the Cox proportional hazards model, concomitant administration of angiogenesis inhibitors, mandibular molar, periapical radiolucency, and osteosclerosis of the surrounding areas were considered essential risk factors for MRONJ.

Conclusions

Chronic inflammation of the bone surrounding extracted teeth may be an essential risk factor for MRONJ when preventive tooth extraction is performed before the administration of bone resorption inhibitors for patients with malignant tumors.
Development and evaluation of novel hydrogel for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Mamada Hiroshi , Kemmochi Akira , Tamura Takafumi , Shimizu Yoshio , Owada Yohei , Ozawa Yusuke , Hisakura Katsuji , Oda Tatsuya , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Kawano Yayoi , Hanawa Takehisa
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic fistula is a complication that frequently occurs after pancreatic surgery. Although various attempts have been made to prevent pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery, no effective methods have been developed thus far. In this study, to prevent the pancreatic fistula, we attempted to prepare the hydrogels consisting of two types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAs), Poval® and Exceval® by the freezing–thawing (F/T) method. As the concentration and the number of F/T cycles increased, it was revealed that the swelling degree tended to decrease, and tensile strength tended to increase. Especially, Exceval® formed more robust hydrogels than that of Poval® hydrogel prepared by the same conditions. Furthermore, the release behavior of tartrazine from 10% Exceval® hydrogels differed depending on the number of F/T cycles. It was also revealed that the diffusion pattern of the drug in the hydrogel differed along with the release, and the entire amount of tartrazine in the hydrogel was released by 120 min. As nafamostat mesylate was loaded, in vivo study, Pancreatic enzyme values were obtained after 48 h, which allowed comparison of the preventive effects against pancreatic fistula between the untreated group, the Exceval® hydrogel group, and nafamostat mesylate‐containing Exceval®‐applied group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the untreated group and the hydrogel‐applied group. Besides, PVA hydrogels prepared by the F/T method could probably absorb pancreatic enzymes. This study found that Exceval® hydrogel prepared by the F/T method was considered a novel hydrogel formulation to prevent pancreatic fistula.
Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes of the pump twin in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence treated by radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Ozawa Katsusuke , Wada Seiji , Muromoto Jin , Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Yuka Sano , Ito Yushi , Sago Haruhiko
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To assess long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included children who underwent RFA for the TRAP sequence between 2012 and 2018. We assessed neurodevelopment in children using the Kinder Infant Development Scale, a validated questionnaire. The developmental quotient (DQ) assessed in nine subscales was calculated as the developmental age divided by the chronological age. Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) was defined as a DQ of <70 points.

Results

In total, 38 children from 37 pregnancies underwent RFA for the TRAP sequence during the study period; 6 fetuses died in utero. We sent the questionnaire to the parents of the 32 surviving children and obtained answers for 27 (84%). The median age at the assessment was 2 years and 5 months old. The median total DQ was 111 (80–150). Most median DQs in the nine subscales were above 70. The incidence of NDD was 0% (0/27). There were no marked differences in DQ by chorionicity.

Conclusions

Children who survived after RFA for TRAP sequence showed favorable long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Radiofrequency ablation seems to rarely affect fetal neurodevelopment. Pregnant women with TRAP sequence are encouraged to be treated by RFA.
Integrated laser ablation‐dropletProbe‐mass spectrometry for absolute drug quantitation, metabolite detection, and distribution in tissue
Authors: Kertesz Vilmos , Cahill John F. , Srijanto Bernadeta R. , Collier Charles P. , Vavrek Marissa , Chen Bingming
Published: September 2021

Rationale

Spatially resolved and accurate quantitation of drug‐related compounds in tissue is a much‐needed capability in drug discovery research. Here, application of an integrated laser ablation‐dropletProbe‐mass spectrometry surface sampling system (LADP‐MS) is reported, which achieved absolute quantitation of propranolol measured from <500 × 500 μm thin tissue samples.

Methods

Mouse liver and kidney thin tissue sections were coated with parylene C and analyzed for propranolol by a laser ablation/liquid extraction workflow. Non‐coated adjacent sections were microdissected for validation and processed using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols. High‐performance liquid chromatography with positive ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was applied to detect the drug and its metabolites.

Results

Absolute propranolol concentration in ~500 × 500 μm tissue regions measured by the two methods agreed within ±8% and had a relative standard deviation within ±17%. Quantitation down to ~400 × 400 μm tissue regions was shown, and this resolution was also used for automated mapping of propranolol and phase II hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites in kidney tissue.

Conclusions

This study exemplifies the capabilities of integrated laser ablation‐dropletProbe‐mass spectrometry (LADP‐MS) for high resolution absolute drug quantitation analysis of thin tissue sections. This capability will be valuable for applications needing to quantitatively understand the spatial distribution of small molecules in tissue.
First case of Ehrlichia canis infection in the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Authors: Selmi Rachid , Belkahia Hanène , Dhibi Mokhtar , Ben Said Mourad , Messadi Lilia
Published: September 2021

The present case report investigates the infection of a common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) with various vector‐borne bacteria in northern Tunisia. The examined bat was found to be infested with the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis and the specific bat mites Macronyssus spp. Spleen, liver and heart samples and ectoparasites were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting major vector‐borne bacteria. Only DNA of Anaplasmataceae bacteria was detected in spleen, liver and flea samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence obtained in this study suggested that this bat was infected with a specific Ehrlichia canis strain previously detected in domestic and wild canids and their associated ticks. We reported here the first case of infection with Ehrlichia canis in a bat. Hence, further studies must be undertaken to elucidate the potential role of bats in the epidemiology of this vector‐borne bacteria.
Der mediale Diskurs über die Universitätsreformen: Journalistische Beobachtungen und professorale Selbstbeobachtungen
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne
Published: September 2021

Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich inhaltsanalytisch mit dem Mediendiskurs über die Hochschulreformen – mit besonderem Augenmerk auf journalistische ReformbefürworterInnen einerseits, professorale ReformgegnerInnen andererseits. Damit wird der von Anfang an die Thematik beherrschende Deutungskampf akzentuiert. Während die ReformbefürworterInnen sich von den Reformen deutliche Verbesserungen der Qualität von Forschung und Lehre versprechen und einen erforderlichen Wandel der beruflichen Identität der ProfessorInnen als Folge bzw. Voraussetzung der Reformen ansprechen, wollen die ReformgegnerInnen unter den ProfessorInnen die in ihren Augen bewährte berufliche Identität und damit das bisherige Forschungs- und Lehrethos sowie ihre Arbeitsautonomie wahren. Während die JournalistInnen im Zeitverlauf zu differenzierteren Einschätzungen gelangten, ist der Tenor der öffentlichen Stellungnahmen der ProfessorInnen, dass sich das, was anfangs Befürchtungen waren, größtenteils bewahrheitet hat.
Subjektive Erfahrung und Bewältigung von Leistungsbewertungen – ein differenziertes Spektrum
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne
Published: September 2021

Zusammemfassung

In diesem Kapitel wird anhand aller untersuchten Fälle eine differenzierte Typologie der Verarbeitung der Reformen durch die ProfessorInnen ausgearbeitet. Die aus dem empirischen Material gewonnenen Typen fangen variierende Auswirkungen von Leistungsbewertungen auf die berufliche Identität und damit verbundene variierende Praktiken des Umgangs damit ein. Im Einzelnen werden unterschieden: der Gelassene – die Verschonte – der Sympathisant – das Reformopfer – der Wehrhafte – die Zuversichtliche – der Profiteur. Jeder der sieben Typen ist eine in sich stimmige Art der Identitätsbehauptung. Es zeigt sich, dass nicht nur vielerlei kontingente Faktoren dafür sorgen, dass es ein Spektrum an Reformerfahrungen und -bewältigungen gibt, das neben reinen Reformgewinnern und -opfern viele Zwischenpositionen erkennen lässt: Welchem dieser Typen jemand zugeordnet ist, hängt vielmehr – wie sich bereits in den drei ganzheitlich rekonstruierten Fällen im vorherigen Kapitel andeutete – in erheblichem Maße vom Wissenschaftsgebiet, von der Karrierephase und von der organisationalen Umsetzung der Reformen vor Ort ab.
Forschungsstand zu Migrantenselbstorganisationen
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Die Anzahl der in Deutschland existierenden MSO wurde lange Zeit nur sehr grob geschätzt und auf 10.000 bis 20.000 beziffert. Viel zitiert wurde die von Uwe Hunger ermittelte Zahl von 16.000 Vereinen, die auf Basis seiner Auswertung des Ausländervereinsregisters für das Jahr 2001 zustande kam; circa 11.000 konnten damals als von Türkeistämmigen dominiert betrachtet werden. Anhand der Analyse von Hunger konnten insgesamt 148 Nationalitäten ausgemacht und eine sehr hohe Anzahl ausländischer Vereine in Nordrhein-Westfalen (38 %) festgestellt werden; in ostdeutschen Bundesländern waren Ausländervereine aufgrund der geringen Ansiedlungsdichte von Menschen mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte hingegen kaum zu registrieren.
Operationalisierung und Auswertung
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Die Operationalisierung der Forschungsleitfragen – die Übersetzung von abstrakten Begriffen in konkrete Forschungsoperationen – erfolgte vermittels der Formulierung von Fragen und Antwortkategorien in einem standardisierten Fragebogen, der im elektronischen Zusatzmaterial zu diesem Kapitel einzusehen ist.
Ergebnisse der Erhebung: Die zivilgesellschaftlichen Performanzen der MSO
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Der Tab. 7.1 ist zu entnehmen, dass die meisten Rückläufer aus den Städten Dortmund (18 %) und Bielefeld (16 %) kamen. Neben den neun für die Erhebung vorgesehenen Kommunen Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, Bochum, Gelsenkirchen, Bielefeld, Oberhausen, Hagen und Hamm wurde in fünf weiteren Städten Köln, Düsseldorf, Bergkamen, Bocholt, Herne und Solingen an der Befragung teilgenommen. Diese Tatsache ist damit zu erklären, dass sich die Sitze der angeschriebenen Organisationen an anderen Orten befanden und/oder die Anfrage weitergeleitet wurde.
Serlio and Artificial Intelligence: Problematizing the Image-to-Object Workflow
Authors: Jaminet Jean , Esquivel Gabriel , Bugni Shane
Published: September 2021

Virtual design production demands that information be increasingly encoded and decoded with image compression technologies. Since the Renaissance, the discourses of language and drawing and their actuation by the classical disciplinary treatise have been fundamental to the production of knowledge within the building arts. These early forms of data compression provoke reflection on theory and technology as critical counterparts to perception and imagination unique to the discipline of architecture. This research examines the illustrated expositions of Sebastiano Serlio through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI). The mimetic powers of technological data storage and retrieval and Serlio’s coded operations of orthographic projection drawing disclose other aesthetic and formal logics for architecture and its image that exist outside human perception. Examination of aesthetic communication theory provides a conceptual dimension of how architecture and artificial intelligent systems integrate both analog and digital modes of information processing. Tools and methods are reconsidered to propose alternative AI workflows that complicate normative and predictable linear design processes. The operative model presented demonstrates how augmenting and interpreting layered generative adversarial networks drive an integrated parametric process of three-dimensionalization. Concluding remarks contemplate the role of human design agency within these emerging modes of creative digital production.
Imprimer La Lumiere – 3D Printing Bioluminescence for Architectural Materiality
Authors: Thomsen Mette Ramsgaard , Tamke Martin , Mosse Aurelie , Sieder-Semlitsch Jakob , Bradshaw Hanae , Buchwald Emil Fabritius , Mosshammer Maria
Published: September 2021

‘Imprimer la Lumière’ examines the making of a bioluminescent micro architecture. The project positions itself inside a sustainability agenda. By exploring the use of light-emitting bacteria as a material for architecture it asks what are the concepts, methods and technologies needed for designing with living materials. The project devises new means by which to design with the luminescent vibrio fischeri bacteria in a 3D printing manufacturing process based on extrusion principles. By combining the study of these living organisms and their appropriation through advanced robot-controlled 3D printing technologies, we establish a conceptual, material and technological framework for a bio-controlled bacteria growth and 3D extrusion process and a printable material based on agarose and gelatine.
Reinventing Staircases for Thermoplastic Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Daneluzzo Mirko , Daneluzzo Michele
Published: September 2021

The paper presents an ongoing project focusing on the application of additive manufacturing technologies for the design of staircases. Additive digital fabrication allows architects to reinvestigate materials, processes, and creates new design opportunities to explore novel aesthetical and functional expression in architecture, enabling a reinterpretation of the typology of the staircase, using thermoplastic materials. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printing for fabricating custom stairs with complex geometries in two studied configurations.
Exploration on Machine Learning Layout Generation of Chinese Private Garden in Southern Yangtze
Authors: Liu Yubo , Fang Chenrong , Yang Zhe , Wang Xuexin , Zhou Zhuohong , Deng Qiaoming , Liang Lingyu
Published: September 2021

Machine learning has been proved to be feasible and reasonable in architectural field by extensive researches recently, whereas its potential is far from being tapped. Previous studies show that the training of GAN by labelling can enable a computer to grasp interrelationship of spatial elements and logical relationship between spatial elements and boundary. This study set the learning object as layout of private gardens in southern Yangtze with higher complexity. Chinese scholars usually analyse private garden layout based on their observation and experience. In this paper, based on Pix2Pix model, we enable a computer to generate private garden layout plan for given site conditions by learning classic cases of traditional Chinese private gardens. Through the experiment, taking Lingering garden as example, we continuously adjust the labelling method to improve learning effect. The finally trained model can quickly generate private garden layout and aid designers to complete scheme design with private garden element corpus. In addition, the working process of training GAN enables us to discover and verify some private garden layout rules that have not been paid attention to.
Command2Vec: Feature Learning of 3D Modeling Behavior Sequence—A Case Study on “Spiral-stair”
Authors: Gao Wen , Zhang Xuanming , Huang Weixin , Shi Shaohang
Published: September 2021

In this study, we applied machine learning to mine the event logs generated in modeling process for behavior sequence clustering. The motivation for the study is to develop cognitively intelligent 3D tools through process mining which has been a hot area in recent years. In this study, we develop a novel classification method Command2Vec to perceive, learn and classify different design behavior during 3D-modeling aided design process. The method is applied in a case study of 112 participate students on a ‘Spiral-stair’ modeling task. By extracting the event logs generated in each participate student’s modeling process into a new data structures: ‘command graph’, we classified participants’ behavior sequences from final 99 valid event logs into certain groups using our novel Command2Vec. To verify the effectiveness of our classification, we invited five experts with extensive modeling experience to grade the classification results. The final grading shows that our algorithm performs well in certain grouping of classification with significant features.
Exploring in the Latent Space of Design: A Method of Plausible Building Facades Images Generation, Properties Control and Model Explanation Base on StyleGAN2
Authors: Meng Shengyu
Published: September 2021

GAN has been widely applied in the research of architectural image generation. However, the quality and controllability of generated images, and the interpretability of model are still potential to be improved. In this paper, by implementing StyleGAN2 model, plausible building façade images could be generated without conditional input. In addition, by applying GANSpace to analysis the latent space, high-level properties could be controlled for both generated images and novel images outside of training set. At last, the generating and controlling process could be visualized with image embedding and PCA projection method, which could achieve unsupervised classification of generated images, and help to understand the correlation between the images and their latent vectors.
Broken scaling neutrino mass matrix and leptogenesis based on A4 modular invariance
Authors: Kashav Monal , Verma Surender
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In this work, we have proposed a modular A4 symmetric model of neutrino mass which, simultaneously, explains observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). In minimal extension of the standard model (SM) with two right-handed neutrinos we work in a supersymmetric framework. At Type-I seesaw level, the model predicts scaling in the neutrino mass matrix. In order to have correct low energy phenomenology, we propose two possible scenarios of scale-breaking in the neutrino mass matrix emanating from Type-I seesaw. Scenario-1 is based on the dimension-5 Weinberg operator whereas scenario-2 implements Type-II seesaw via scalar triplet Higgs superfields (∆,$$ \overline{\Delta } $$

∆
¯

). Interestingly, the breaking patterns in both, otherwise dynamically different scenarios, are similar which can be attributed to the same charge assignments of superfields (∆,$$ \overline{\Delta } $$

∆
¯

) and the Higgs superfield Hu under modular A4 symmetry. The breaking is found to be proportional to the Yukawa coupling of modular weight 10 ($$ {Y}_{1,1\prime}^{10} $$

Y

1
,
1
′

10

). We, further, investigates the predictions of the model under scenario-2 (Type-I+II) for neutrino mass, mixings and matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. The model predicts normal hierarchical neutrino masses and provide a robust range (0.05 − 0.08)eV for sum of neutrino masses (Σmi). Lepton number violating 0νββ decay amplitude (Mee) is obtained to lie in the range (0.04 − 0.06)eV. Future 0νββ decay experiments such as NEXT and nEXO shall pose crucial test for the model. Both CP conserving and CP violating solutions are allowed in the model. Interesting correlations are obtained, specially, between Yukawa couplings of modular weight 2 and complex modulus τ. Contrary to $$ {Y}_2^2 $$

Y
2
2

and $$ {Y}_3^2 $$

Y
3
2

, the Yukawa coupling $$ {Y}_1^2 $$

Y
1
2

is found to be insensitive to τ and thus to CP violation because complex modulus τ is the only source of CP violation in the model. We, also, investigate the prediction of the model for BAU. The model exhibit consistent explanation of BAU for right-handed Majorana neutrino mass scale in the range ((1 − 5) × 1013) GeV.
Weak scale right-handed neutrino as pseudo-Goldstone fermion of spontaneously broken $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
Authors: Joshipura Anjan S. , Patel Ketan M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Possibility of a Right-Handed (RH) neutrino being a Goldstone fermion of a spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetry in a supersymmetric theory is considered. This fermion obtains mass from the supergravity effects leading to a RH neutrino at the electroweak scale with a mass similar to the gravitino mass. A prototype model realizing this scenario contains just three gauge singlet superfields needed for the type I seesaw mechanism. Masses of the other two neutrinos are determined by the U(1) breaking scale which too can be around the electroweak scale. Light neutrinos obtain their masses in this scenario through (a) mixing with the RH neutrinos (type I seesaw), (b) mixing with neutralinos (R-parity breaking), (c) indirectly through mixing of the RH neutrinos with neutralinos, and (d) radiative corrections. All these contributions are described by the same set of a small number of underlying parameters and provide a very constrained and predictive framework for the neutrino masses which is investigated in detail for various choices of U(1) symmetries. It is found that flavour independent U(1) symmetries cannot describe neutrino masses if the soft supersymmetry breaking terms are flavour universal and one needs to consider flavour dependent symmetries. Considering a particular example of Lμ− Lτ symmetry, it is shown that viable neutrino masses and mixing can be obtained without introducing any flavour violation in the soft sector. The leptonic couplings of Majoron are worked out in the model and shown to be consistent with various laboratory, astrophysical and cosmological constraints. The neutrino data allows sizeable couplings between the RH neutrinos and Higgsinos which can be used to probe the pseudo-Goldstone fermion at colliders through its displaced decay vertex.
The two-sphere partition function in two-dimensional quantum gravity
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Bautista Teresa , Mühlmann Beatrix
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We study the Euclidean path integral of two-dimensional quantum gravity with positive cosmological constant coupled to conformal matter with large and positive central charge. The problem is considered in a semiclassical expansion about a round two-sphere saddle. We work in the Weyl gauge whereby the computation reduces to that for a (timelike) Liouville theory. We present results up to two-loops, including a discussion of contributions stemming from the gauge fixing procedure. We exhibit cancelations of ultraviolet divergences and provide a path integral computation of the central charge for timelike Liouville theory. Combining our analysis with insights from the DOZZ formula we are led to a proposal for an all orders result for the two-dimensional gravitational partition function on the two-sphere.
Chiral magnetic effect and three-point function from AdS/CFT correspondence
Authors: Yin Lei , Hou Defu , Ren Hai-cang
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The chiral magnetic effect with a fluctuating chiral imbalance is more realistic in the evolution of quark-gluon plasma, which reflects the random gluonic topological transition. Incorporating this dynamics, we calculate the chiral magnetic current in response to space-time dependent axial gauge potential and magnetic field in AdS/CFT correspondence. In contrast to conventional treatment of constant axial chemical potential, the response function here is the AVV three-point function of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills at strong coupling. Through an iterative solution of the nonlinear equations of motion in Schwarzschild-AdS5 background, we are able to express the AVV function in terms of two Heun functions and prove its UV/IR finiteness, as expected for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. We found that the dependence of the chiral magnetic current on a non-constant chiral imbalance is non-local, different from hydrodynamic approximation, and demonstrates the subtlety of the infrared limit discovered in field theoretic approach. We expect our results enrich the understanding of the phenomenology of the chiral magnetic effect in the context of relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Dark matter absorption via electronic excitations
Authors: Mitridate Andrea , Trickle Tanner , Zhang Zhengkang , Zurek Kathryn M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We revisit the calculation of bosonic dark matter absorption via electronic excitations. Working in an effective field theory framework and consistently taking into account in-medium effects, we clarify the relation between dark matter and photon absorption. As is well-known, for vector (dark photon) and pseudoscalar (axion-like particle) dark matter, the absorption rates can be simply related to the target material’s optical properties. However, this is not the case for scalar dark matter, where the dominant contribution comes from a different operator than the one contributing to photon absorption, which is formally next-to-leading-order and does not suffer from in-medium screening. It is therefore imperative to have reliable first-principles numerical calculations and/or semi-analytic modeling in order to predict the detection rate. We present updated sensitivity projections for semiconductor crystal and superconductor targets for ongoing and proposed direct detection experiments.