bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of heteroaggregation between microplastics and algae on particle vertical transport
Authors: Parrella Francesco , Brizzolara Stefano , Holzner Markus , Mitrano Denise M.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the impacts of microplastics (MPs) on aqueous environments requires understanding their transport dynamics and how their presence affects other natural processes and cycles. In this context, one aspect to consider is how MPs interact with freshwater snow (FWS), a mixture of algae and natural particles. FWS is one of the primary drivers of the flux of organic matter from the water surface to the bottom sediment, where zooplankton, diurnal migration, fish faecal pellets settling and turbulent mixing can also play prominent roles. Understanding how MPs and FWS heteroaggregation affects their respective settling velocities is important to assess not only MPs fate and transport but also their ecological impacts by altering FWS deposition and thereby nutrient cycling. In this present study, we obtained a mechanistic understanding of the processes controlling MPs settling dynamics and heteroaggregation with FWS and the subsequent impacts on the settling rates of both MPs and ballasted FWS. Here we used a plexiglass column equipped with a stereoscopic camera system to track the settling velocities of (1) MPs of various compositions, densities and morphologies, (2) FWS flocs and (3) MP–FWS agglomerates. For each experimental set, thousands of particles were tracked over a series of image sequences. We found that agglomerates with high-density MPs settled at least twofold faster than FWS alone, implying a much smaller residence time in the water column, except for cases with MP fibres or low-density plastics. These findings will help to refine MP fate models and, while contingent on MPs number, may impact biogeochemical cycles by changing the flux of nutrients contained in FWS to the sediment.
High throughput methodology for investigating green hydrogen generating processes using colorimetric detection films and machine vision
Authors: Talledo Savannah , Kubaney Andrew , Baumer Mitchell A. , Pietrak Keegan , Bernhard Stefan
Published: June 2024

In this work, colorimetric hydrogen detection films are presented as an open source, high-throughput approach for the investigation of photo-driven hydrogen evolution reactions.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of multiple F-18 S1PR1 radiotracers in rodent and nonhuman primate
Authors: Qiu Lin , Jiang Hao , Zhou Charles , Tangadanchu Vijai Kumar Reddy , Wang Jinzhi , Huang Tianyu , Gropler Robert J. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Tu Zhude
Published: June 2024

We synthesized and screened 28 new fluorine-containing S1PR1 compounds; 9 potent and selective compounds were F-18 radiolabeled with good radiochemical yields. In vivo PET imaging evaluation was performed for these radiotracers as CNS imaging agents.
Green synthesis of insecticidal, bactericidal, UV absorbent, sustainable paint formulations using Mentha piperita (peppermint)
Authors: Majeed Hammad , Iftikhar Tehreema , Abid Rida
Published: June 2024

The present study aims to develop a natural insect-repellent paint formulation derived from plant-based materials with UV absorption and antibacterial properties.
Future material demand and greenhouse gas emissions implications for electrification of the UK light-duty vehicle fleet
Authors: Davies Ben , Llamas-Orozco Jorge A. , Meng Fanran , Posen I. Daniel , MacLean Heather L. , Abdul-Manan Amir F. N. , McKechnie Jon
Published: June 2024

Understanding the material challenge of electrifying passenger vehicles is key to delivering the greenhouse gas emissions reduction that is targeted by transportation sector policies.
Reduced graphene oxide from dead Li-ion batteries with β-Co(OH)2 as a potential electrode for enhanced charge storage capabilities
Authors: Viswanathan Aranganathan , Aravindan Vanchiappan
Published: June 2024

The supercapacitive studies of the composites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/β-Co(OH)2, in which the source of graphite used for the synthesis of rGO is the graphite recovered from spent Li-ion batteries.
Phosphorus dopants triggered single-atom platinum catalysis for efficient hydrogen evolution in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers
Authors: Peng Jin , Wang Zhen , Jiang Kang , Peng Ming , Palaniyandy Nithyadharseni , Ren Jianwei , Tan Yongwen
Published: June 2024

A single-atom Pt and phosphorus co-doping strategy is applied to a nanoporous MoS2 catalyst, where P dopants could modulate the electronic structure around Pt atoms, leading to significantly improved activity for PEM electrolyzer applications.
Broadening the operating temperature span of the electrocaloric effect in lead-free ceramics via creating multi-stage phase transitions
Authors: Lin Weikang , Li Guohui , Qian Jin , Ge Guanglong , Wang Simin , Lin Jinfeng , Lin Jimin , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: June 2024

The strategy of this study achieves a large electrocaloric response of ΔT > 1 K within a temperature span of 66 °C. The cooling performance exceeds 90% and 80% of the maximum for temperature spans of 44 °C and 67 °C, respectively.
A flexible wearable sensor based on anti-swelling conductive hydrogels for underwater motion posture visualization assisted by deep learning
Authors: Qi Mingyu , Zhang Dongzhi , Guo Yihong , Zhang Hao , Shao Jiahui , Ma Yanhua , Yang Chunqing , Mao Ruiyuan
Published: June 2024

Anti-swelling hydrogel sensors are especially suitable for underwater motion monitoring and posture recognition, and have a broad application prospect in underwater human-computer interaction and intelligent sensing.
Collagen fiber-reinforced, tough and adaptive conductive organohydrogel e-skin for multimodal sensing applications
Authors: He Zhen , Shen Jialu , Lan Maohua , Gu Haibin
Published: June 2024

The waste collagen fiber reinforced conductive organic hydrogel sensor (BPGC-Gly) is environmentally adaptable and multifunctional for multi-modal health monitoring via temperature, humidity, strain, pressure and bioelectrical signal acquisition.
Superhydrophobic pressure-responsive pressure sensors based on an inner–outer synergistic conductive network of GAF/PDMS
Authors: Luo Rubai , Yang Mengjie , Zheng Yuanlin , Li Haibin , Li Xue , Hu Jingbo , Zhou Xing
Published: June 2024

We used a simple method to prepare a superhydrophobic pressure-sensitive sensor based on the internal and external synergistic conductive networks of graphene fragments and polydimethylsiloxane sponges.
Timing and scintillation studies of PSR J1439−5501
Authors: Jang J. , Main R. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Bailes M. , Cameron A. , Champion D. J. , Freire P. C. C. , Parthasarathy A. , Buchner S. , Kramer M.
Published: June 2024

Context. PSR J1439−5501 is a mildly recycled pulsar in a 2.12-day circular orbit around a heavy white dwarf. A white dwarf cooling model has estimated the companion mass to be between 1 and 1.3 M⊙ and the inclination angle to be greater than 55°. Such high mass and inclination are expected to induce a Shapiro delay, namely, a relativistic time delay in the signal propagation caused by the curved space-time induced by the companion. Until now, however, no Shapiro delay has been measured in this system.

Aims. Our aim is to detect the Shapiro delay and, thus, to independently measure the mass and inclination of PSR J1439−5501 by using data from the Parkes and MeerKAT radio telescopes.

Methods. The Shapiro delay parameters were measured through pulsar timing, which coherently accounts for every rotation of the pulsar. These measurements were then used to estimate the masses of the component stars and the inclination angle of the binary. A scintillation analysis was additionally performed by investigating the secondary spectra, which are the Fourier-transformed observed scintillation patterns. The obtained secondary spectral variations were analyzed in terms of the orbital motion and annual variation to estimate the ascending nodes, distance, and the location of the screen.

Results. We obtained a highly significant measurement of the Shapiro delay, which allows estimates of the pulsar mass (1.57−0.26+0.30 M⊙), the white dwarf (WD) companion mass (1.27−0.12+0.13 M⊙), and inclination angle, (75(1)° or 105(1)°). These estimates assume that the companion mass cannot exceed the Chandrasekhar mass limit (1.48 M⊙), along with a lower limit of 1.17 M⊙ for NS masses. These results are consistent with previous studies, but the precision of the component masses has been improved significantly. The orbital and spin parameters and the large WD mass make this system very similar to that of PSR J2222−0137 and PSR J1528−3146, thereby suggesting a common evolutionary mechanism. The scintillation analysis suggests that the longitude of the ascending node is 16(7)° or −20(6)°, depending on the sense of the inclination angle. The screen distance is 260 ± 100 pc, potentially associated with the edge of the Local Bubble.
Investigating and comparing the IRIS spectral lines Mg II, Si IV, and C II for flare precursor diagnostics
Authors: Zbinden Jonas , Kleint Lucia , Panos Brandon
Published: June 2024

Context. Reliably predicting solar flares can mitigate the risks of technological damage and enhance scientific output by providing reliable pointings for observational campaigns. Flare precursors in the spectral line Mg II have been identified.

Aims. We extend previous studies by examining the presence of flare precursors in additional spectral lines, such as Si IV and C II, over longer time windows, and for more observations.

Methods. We trained neural networks and XGBoost decision trees to distinguish spectra observed from active regions that lead to a flare and those that did not. To enhance the information within each observation, we tested different masking methods to preprocess the data.

Results. We find average classification true skill statistics (TSS) scores of 0.53 for Mg II, 0.44 for Si IV, and 0.42 for C II. We speculate that Mg II h&k performs best because it samples the highest formation height range, and is sensitive to heating and density changes in the mid- to upper chromosphere. The flaring area relative to the field of view has a large effect on the model classification score and needs to be accounted for. Combining spectral lines has proven difficult, due to the difference in areas of high probability for an imminent flare between different lines.

Conclusions. Our models extract information from all three lines, independent of observational bias or GOES X-ray flux precursors, implying that the physics encoded in a combination of high resolution spectral data could be useful for flare forecasting.
Infrared emissivity of icy surfaces
Authors: Ferrari C.
Published: June 2024

Context. Most analyses of the infrared emission of Saturn’s rings and icy satellites have considered pure water ice as the constituent of regolith and particle surfaces. Visual and near-infrared observations have shown, however, that darkening and reddening contaminants are present at a fraction level of a few percent. In the spectral domain 10–2000 cm−1, water ice becomes transparent in a few windows, which in particular causes the roll-off of emissivity of icy surfaces that is observed below 50 cm−1. Their emissivity there may be affected by these contaminants.

Aims. We present a quantitative global sensitivity analysis of a hybrid Mie-Hapke model to evaluate the influence of regolith properties and contaminant fraction on the infrared emissivity of icy rings or moons over this spectral range.

Methods. A hybrid Mie–Hapke model of the hemispherical emissivity ε*h(Wn) was made, including various diffraction correction and mixing types with tholins or amorphous carbon grains, or grain size distributions and some anisotropy in emission. A Sobol global sensitivity analysis provided quantitative levels of importance for these factors versus wave number wn.

Results. Given the a priori uncertainties, the most important factor acting on ε*h(Wn) remains the size distribution of regolith grains and the average anisotropy factor ξ. For wn> 50 cm−1, ξ, the power-law index p and the minimum amin of the size distribution are most influential. In windows of water-ice transparency (10–50, 300–600, and 900–1300 cm−1), the emissivity is also sensitive, but to a lesser extent, to the maximum grain size amax and the fraction f of contaminants, if mixed at the molecular level.

Conclusions. This model provides a self-consistent tool for interpreting multi-modal observations of the thermal emission from icy surfaces. It also offers interesting insights into recent mid-infrared observations of Saturn’s rings and Jupiter’s moon Ganymede by the JWST-MIRI instrument.
Enhanced formation of interstellar complex organic molecules on carbon monoxide ice
Authors: Molpeceres G. , Furuya K. , Aikawa Y.
Published: June 2024

We investigated the role of carbon monoxide ice in the chemical evolution of prestellar cores using astrochemical rate equation models. We constrained the ratios of the binding energies on CO ice and H2O ice for a series of adsorbates deemed important in diffusive chemistry on H2O ices. We later included these ratios in our chemical reaction network model, where the binding and diffusion energies of icy species vary as a function of the surface composition. When the surface coverage of CO increases, the model shows an enhancement of O-bearing complex organic molecules especially those that formed from the intermediate products of CO hydrogenation (e.g., HCO) and CH3/CH2. Because the binding energy of CH3/CH2 is in the right range, its diffusion rate increases significantly with CO coverage. At T >14 K and with less influence, enhanced diffusion of HCO also contributes to the increase in the abundances of complex organic molecules. We find, however, that chemistry is not always enhanced on CO ice and that the temperature and cosmic ray ionization rate of each astronomical object is crucial for this particular chemistry, revealing a highly non trivial behavior that needs to be addressed on a per-case basis. Our results are highly relevant in the context of interstellar ice observations with JWST.
Correcting Fabry-Pérot etalon effects in solar observations
Authors: Santamarina Guerrero P. , Orozco Suárez D. , Bailén F. J. , Blanco Rodríguez J.
Published: June 2024

Context. Data processing pipelines of Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPI) must take into account the side effects these devices introduce in the observations. Interpretation of these observations without proper correction can lead to inaccurate or false results, with consequent impact on their physical interpretation. Corrections typically require prior knowledge of the properties of the etalon and the way they affect the incoming light in order to calibrate the data successfully.

Aims. We have developed an algorithm to derive etalon properties from flat-field observations and tested its applicability and accuracy using simulated observations and real measurements.

Methods. We employed analytical expressions of the transmission profiles for FPIs in collimated and telecentric configurations to derive their expected impact on the observations. These analytical expressions allowed us to develop a customized optimization algorithm capable of inferring the properties of the etalon from the observations. The algorithm’s performance has been tested on simulated observations with an etalon in collimated and telecentric setups employing various noise levels and spectral samplings. Additionally, we explored how tilting the etalon in a telecentric configuration influences the algorithm’s effectiveness. Lastly, we also applied the algorithm to a set of real flat-field observations taken with the high-resolution telescope of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter mission (HRT-SO/PHI).

Results. The algorithm is able to retrieve the gain and etalon induced transmission velocity shifts (cavity map), with an average accuracy ranging between 0.4% and 0.1% for the former and between 120 m s−1 and 30 m s−1 for the latter. Both reducing the noise level and increasing the spectral sampling of the observations proved to greatly increase the algorithm’s performance, as expected. Results also suggest that determination of the observed object from the data is possible but an additional error between 40 m s−1 and 10 m s−1 is to be expected in the inferred cavity map. Furthermore, we show that neglecting the asymmetries arising from either tilts of the etalon or imperfections in the telecentrism can lead to large errors when determining the gain. Tests with HRT-SO/PHI data have verified the applicability of the algorithm in real cases.

Conclusions. Our presented method enabled us to derive the transmission profile of FPIs from observations of collimated and telecentric configurations. It has proven to be robust against the presence of noise and limited spectral line sampling. The results reported here also show the importance of accounting for the asymmetries arising in real telecentric mounts when interpreting the results of real instruments.
Chemical abundances along the quasar main sequence
Authors: Floris A. , Marziani P. , Panda S. , Sniegowska M. , D’Onofrio M. , Deconto-Machado A. , del Olmo A. , Czerny B.
Published: June 2024

Context. The main sequence of quasars has emerged as a powerful tool for organizing the observational and physical characteristics of type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

Aims. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the metallicity of the gas in the broad-line region, incorporating both new data and previously published findings, to assess the presence of any trend along the main sequence.

Methods. We performed a multicomponent analysis on the strongest ultraviolet (UV) and optical emission lines for a sample of 13 radio quiet quasars in the 0.009 ≤ z ≤ 0.472 redshift range, selected based on the availability of multiwavelength data. We employed UV and optical data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope (mainly from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Faint Object Spectrograph) and several ground-based observatories, respectively. We then measured ten diagnostic ratios and compared them with the prediction of CLOUDY photoionization simulations, identifying the closest photoionization solution to the data.

Results. Our investigation reveals a consistent pattern along the main sequence. We observe a systematic progression in metallicity, ranging from subsolar values to metallicity levels several times higher than solar values.

Conclusions. These findings underscore the fundamental role of metallicity in correlating with the main sequence of quasars. Extreme metallicity values, at least several dozen times the solar metallicity, are confirmed in low-z AGNs radiating at a high Eddington ratio, although the origin of the extreme enrichment remains open to debate.
The processing and conservation model of forest resources based on nature-like closed-cycle technologies
Authors: Starikov Evgeniy , Mekhrentsev Andrey , Urazova Alina , Vinokurova Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the formation of a model for integrated processing of forest resources and forest conservation. The model proposed by the authors is based on innovative technological solutions and organizational approaches. In particular, the authors see the development of high-tech industries based on the use of a cluster approach and nature-like technologies as an organizational solution to the problem of integrated processing and conservation of forest resources. At the same time, the authors propose the procurement of standardized wood pulp on the basis of modern machine complexes and the creation of specialized terminals as the main technologies for the production of raw materials for further wood-chemical processing. A technological scheme for the production of wood chips and a method of end-to-end carbon analysis for assessing the efficiency of technological processes are proposed.
Reduction of spatial disproportions as a factor in ensuring sustainable socio-economic the state development
Authors: Novikova Natalia , Lysenko Anna
Published: June 2024

The theory, methodology and practice of research of socioeconomic and theoretical-methodological aspects of sustainable development are at the stage of comprehension. These provisions are rather poorly elaborated at the level of regional economy. However, the negative events in the economic, political, environmental and social spheres, which we are witnessing, confirm the high significance of this scientific agenda. The authors see the strategic vector of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of reducing spatial disproportions, which will ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the entire state, as well as its constituent regions. The research presented in this article is aimed at substantiating the most important factor of sustainable development dynamics of the Russian Federation, namely, overcoming spatial disproportions between the regions that make up the state. The methodological basis of the study is based on the findings and conclusions of scientists who study the problems of sustainable socioeconomic development, as well as those working in the field of regional economics. The research methodology is based on the approaches of formalization and systematization, bibliometric and content analysis, as well as statistical, analytical, comparative, economic and mathematical methods. Scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists, normative, analytical, program and strategic materials of the Government of the Russian Federation, state regional authorities formed the information base. The main results of the study are: the nomination and proof of the scientific hypothesis, confirming the importance of the reduction of spatial disparities in the system of factors to ensure sustainable development of the state. The results of the study contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of regional economics, state management of economic and social processes in order to achieve sustainable development.
Legal support for the digitalization process of the agro-industrial complex: Issues of theory and practice
Authors: Kolotkina Oksana , Yagofarova Inara
Published: June 2024

The use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector is an essential condition for increasing the efficiency of its activities and competitiveness. The level of modern technology development allows Russia to use many innovative resources to increase agricultural productivity and product quality, attracting new investments in this area. The purpose of the study is a structural analysis of the legal support for the process of introducing digital technologies into the activities of the agro-industrial complex. The analysis showed that modern legislation has a fairly large list of strategic acts regulating the digitalization processes of various economic spheres, including the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, regulations that would consider in detail the implementation of digital technologies, the legal status of participants, and support measures from the state have not yet been adopted. The introduction of digital technologies into the activities of the agro-industrial complex is gaining momentum, which urgently requires the creation of a developed regulatory legal framework determining public relations in this area.
The influence of the social well-being of the population on the sustainable development of the region
Authors: Mambetova Altyn , Burganova Roza , Tabyldiyeva Oryngul , Tolepbergenova Aigerim
Published: June 2024

The study of problems of interethnic and interfaith relations is particularly relevant in the modern conditions of development of Kazakhstan. Practice shows that, despite most Kazakhstanis' commitment to interethnic stability, integration and harmony, any society has destructive elements that do not agree with the existing order and are ready to violate the fragility of outstanding values. In this regard, the priority of studying this issue is determined, first of all, by the possibility of timely identification of the main trends in the dynamics of society to develop new approaches and solutions for the further preservation and strengthening of social harmony, which are inextricably linked with the prospects for the development of the state in the global world. This article contains the results of quarterly sociological measurements to study the interethnic situation in the Mangistau region in 2022. In particular, the article examines issues of interethnic attitudes in the context of social well-being, migration sentiments of the region's population in the context of the modern geopolitical situation and the main transformation processes taking place in the country and the world. The "ethnosocial situation" concept was highlighted as the primary operational concept. Social well-being, interethnic integration, and migration sentiment were used as variables.
Assessment of technogenic pollution of environmental objects in the conditions of Mailuu-Suu (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Egemberdieva Altynai , Kamchybekova Kenzhegul
Published: June 2024

Radioactive biosphere pollution is a severe environmental concern. The Kyrgyz Republic supplied uranium oxides and molybdenum from 1946 to 1968, making it vital for radiation safety. Kyrgyzstan's Mailuu Suu has lots of radioactive waste. After tracking unclean water use, the study reports. This study studied the biosphere's Mailuu-Suu natural-technogenic uranium subregion's environment. The research also evaluated how radionuclides and trace elements affected local vegetation. Plant cover and anthropogenic loads separated the research area into five microplots. A small plot was used to collect soil and plant samples and establish control plots. Traditional biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry methodologies estimated plant species diversity. Data suggests Mailuu-Suu river water is unsafe for drinking or household use. Se concentrations 10–23 times greater than the maximum permitted levels (MPL) are typical. Al, Fe, Mn, Se, Hg, Pb, Cd, and U were discovered in Mailuu-Suu river water above Sanitary Norms and Regulations (SanPiN) and Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) in the lab. Data suggests Mailuu-Suu river floodplain soil-vegetation cover is appropriate. Tailings pond soil, especially in the middle and lower river basin, is unsuited for cultivation.
Impacts of Greenhouse Gas-induced Climate Change: Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptation Strategies
Authors: Gakaev Rustam , Gatsaeva Liana , Eskiev Muslim
Published: June 2024

Climate change induced by greenhouse gases poses significant risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems, economies, and societies worldwide. This abstract delves into the multifaceted impacts of greenhouse gas-induced climate change, exploring the associated risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. Firstly, the abstract outlines the diverse range of risks posed by climate change, including extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, floods, and heatwaves. These events not only endanger human lives but also threaten infrastructure, agriculture, and biodiversity. Moreover, rising sea levels due to melting ice caps and glaciers exacerbate coastal flooding, leading to displacement of communities and loss of habitat. Secondly, it examines the vulnerabilities of various sectors and regions to climate change impacts. Vulnerable populations, including low-income communities and marginalized groups, are disproportionately affected by climate-related disasters due to limited resources and inadequate infrastructure.
The Evolution Towards Hydrogen-Rich and Carbon-Free Fuels in Industry
Authors: Khasanova Satsita , Savina Natalya , Mambetova Alexandra
Published: June 2024

The article examines the gradual transition of industry to the use of fuels containing more hydrogen and containing no carbon. In particular, the concept of a hydrogen economy is discussed, where hydrogen is produced from water using solar or hydropower. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this concept, as well as possible technical and economic obstacles to its implementation. The article also examines current trends in energy use and the role that hydrogen can play in the future energy system.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Sizing of Solar-Wind Hybrid Microgrids
Authors: Sanduru Bhanuteja , Negi Anup Singh , Sharma Nittin , Bhalla Lalit , Kalele Girish , Vyas Anjali
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the optimization of the size of a solar wind hybrid microgrid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve energy production efficiency, economic feasibility, and overall sustainability. By using past solar and wind resource data, load demand
profiles, and system component specifications, the PSO algorithm effectively maximized the capabilities of solar panels and wind turbines. The findings indicate a significant rise in daily energy production, with a 15% enhancement in solar panel capability and a 12% boost in wind turbine capability. The increased energy production plays a crucial role in dealing with the natural irregularity of renewable resources, hence enhancing the resilience and self-reliance of the microgrid. The economic calculations demonstrate significant improvements in the economic feasibility of the microgrid designs. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) undergoes a significant 10% decrease, suggesting a more economically efficient energy generation. Moreover, the payback time for the original expenditure is reduced by 15%, indicating faster returns on investment. The economic improvements highlight the practical advantages of using PSO for microgrid size, in line with the goal of creating sustainable energy solutions while minimizing economic costs. The improved performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is shown by a thorough comparison study with other optimization approaches, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The superior convergence rate of PSO, together with a 15% enhancement in solution quality relative to GA and SA, underscores the efficiency and efficacy of PSO in traversing the complex solution space associated with microgrid size. PSO's comparative advantage makes it an effective tool for tackling the intricacies of integrating renewable energy, highlighting its potential for extensive use in microgrid design and optimization. The sensitivity evaluations demonstrate that the solutions optimized by the PSO are resilient even when important parameters vary, thereby highlighting the stability and dependability of the approach. In addition to technical and economic factors, the study evaluates the environmental consequences and social aspects of the optimum microgrid designs. The land use efficiency has seen a 10% enhancement, demonstrating the optimum application of area for renewable energy infrastructure. In addition, there is a 7% improvement in community approval, which demonstrates the algorithm's ability to effectively handle social aspects and promote a comprehensive and socially acceptable approach to renewable energy projects.
Addressing Environmental and Social Impacts of Carbon Farming Practices
Authors: Vagapova Aina , Bankurova Raisa , Eskiev Muslim
Published: June 2024

This scientific article delves into the multifaceted impacts of carbon farming practices, focusing on both environmental and social dimensions. Through a comprehensive analysis, various aspects such as soil quality, biodiversity preservation, water management, and socioeconomic effects on local communities are examined. Drawing from an extensive review of existing literature and empirical evidence, the study evaluates the potential benefits and challenges inherent in carbon farming initiatives. Furthermore, it offers insights into strategies for optimizing carbon farming approaches to ensure ecological sustainability and promote positive social outcomes. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable agriculture and provide valuable guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders involved in carbon farming initiatives.
Green drive mode studying on the base of neuro-trainings
Authors: Al-Ashoor Ola , Verbitskaya N.O.
Published: June 2024

At a time and in a world grappling with environmental and technological challenges, the study of driving stands at a crossroads, in terms of education, training and innovating new methods of training drivers in order to shape a sustainable future and reduce the chances of ongoing accidents. With the increase in the number of cars and drivers, in addition to their impact on the environment, there has become a real goal, which is green driving, which is considered safe and environmentally friendly driving.
Biologically active compounds of bioresidues of Crocus Sativus flower
Authors: Narbutaeva Dildora , Makhmudova Shokhista , Keneshov Bakyt , Okhundedaev Bakhodir , Nishanbaev Sabir
Published: June 2024

Secondary metabolites present in Crocus sativus L. petals (saffron) grown in Uzbekistan, were studied for the first time. According to the results of phytochemical studies, it was observed that biowaste contains a large amount of biologically active flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic carbonic acids, terpenoids, saponins, micro- and macroelements, exchangeable and non-exchangeable amino acids as well as unsaturated fatty acids necessary for the human body. Pharmacological studies have shown that total flavonoids isolated from Crocus sativus petals exhibit antihypoxic activity (observed under conditions of acute normobaric and hemic hypoxia) and antioxidant properties obtained in in vivo experiments (determined by the accumulation of malondialdehyde). It has been established that its antihypoxic and antioxidant activity is higher than that of the rutin and luteolin.
Assessment of risks of reduction in biodiversity of some mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Donbaeva Gulayim , Barvinok Yuri , Malosieva Galina
Published: June 2024

This article presents an analysis of the reduction of biodiversity in some mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan. A historical retrospective of environmental changes is given. The current situation in the areas where the famous walnut forests of Kyrgyzstan are located is described. Examples of vegetation degradation in the Gava and Arslanbob forestry enterprises are given. The causes of this process and measures to hinder it are indicated. A forecast of the situation with regard to environmental services for the next 50 years is given. Ways to solve the problem are proposed.
Taxonomic status, genetic variability and distribution of marsh frogs (Pelophylax) in the southern part of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Litvinchuk Spartak , Lukonina Svetlana , Sharapova Svetlana , Egenkyzy Orozgul , Alymkulova Anara
Published: June 2024

For the analysis of taxonomic status and genetic variability of marsh frogs from the southern part of the Kyrgyz Republic, we studied 22 individuals from eight localities using sequencing of a fragment of the second subunit of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase gene and intron 1 of the nuclear serum albumin gene. According to both markers, the majority of studied individuals carriedalleles and haplotypes of the Syrdarya form (Pelophylax sp. novum and the Balkhash mitochondrial lineage). However, introgression of mtDNA of P. persicus was detected in two localities, and the presence of both nuDNA alleles and mtDNA haplotypes of P. persicus was observed in other two localities. The presence of nuDNA alleles and mtDNA haplotypes of P. persicus in the east of the Fergana Valley (more than 270 km from the main range of the species) may be relict or the result of anthropogenic introductions.
Alai range vegetation: Features and environmental significance
Authors: Seitova Minavarkhan , Saypidinova Kayyrgul , Sagynbayeva Gulzada , Mamateminova Tamara
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the study of some important issues of the flora of the Alai range. The Pamir mountain ranges, located in Central Asia, are among the highest and most difficult in the world. The peculiarity of the flora of the Pamir-Alai range, their morphological features are closely related to the natural and climatic conditions of the area. The entire species, generic and family composition of plants has historically been formed in this area. The article also examines the conditions of the high mountains, the belt differentiation of the flora, which play an important role in the ecosystem of the region. This region attracts the attention of researchers of the world scientific community, as well as tourists with its unique vegetation, which has adapted to the extreme conditions of the high mountains. This article discusses the main vegetation types of the Pamir Alai mountain ranges, their distribution and ecological significance.
Morphological variability and vitality of the cenopopulation of Malva neglecta Wallr.
Authors: Saribaeva Shakhnoza
Published: June 2024

Analysis of morphological variability in Malva neglecta in six coenopopulations in different phytocenoses made it possible to identify the breadth of variability and similarities between the compared coenopopulations. The studied characteristics of the studied species can be arranged according to the increasing level of variability according to the following scale: mass of an individual, length of vegetative shoots, length and width of leaves, mass of generative individuals, number of flowers on a shoot. The coefficients of variation for each trait in coenopopulations are stable. The vitality of coenopopulations within the studied region varied from 0.37 to 0.74. The cenopopulation of the studied species, growing near the Sangzor River, is characterized by lower vitality. According to the IQ parameter, most cenopopulations were in equilibrium. A depressed state was noted in cenopopulations 2 and 6. The average density of Malva neglecta is 0.9-1.45 pcs/m2; the greater the density and number of individuals, the higher the vitality index.
The complex problem of biodiversity on international, national and regional levels: Paradigm and approaches
Authors: Stikhina Irina Alexandrovna , Skopova Ludmila Valentinovna , Lapina Valentina Yurievna
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the multidimensional problem of biodiversity: its description, mission statement on the global arena and on the national level in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to reflect global agenda on the issue as well as the situation in the RF. The political and legal efforts which have been made not to lose national biodiversity are being discussed. The classification of state protected natural areas in the RF is given, and by an example of one natural park “Deer Streams” in Sverdlovskaya oblast achieving of sustainable goals on protecting biodiversity in Russia is being demonstrated.
Phytocenotic characteristics and reserves of the main medicinal plants of the northern slopes of the Alay Range (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Dolonova Gulmira Mamatovna , Omurova Kenzhekul Orozobekovna , Burkanov Nurali Rakhmanovich , Sodombekov Ishenbay Sodombekovich
Published: June 2024

The Kyrgyz way of life is closely connected with plants. Local residents unsustainably use pastures and plants used in traditional medicine, which leads to the extinction of some species. Therefore, studying the current state of the local flora is one of the relevant tasks of modern science. The article presents the results of a study on the biological and operational reserves of the medicinal plant fern-leaf yarrow, which is often found on the northern slopes of the Alay Range. The number (abundance) of species was estimated. The distribution of plants in the study area was determined according to special criteria. The yield was calculated using arithmetic formulas. The result of research on a total area of 12.3 hectares was the characterization of the association of four plant coenopopulations and the identification of reserves of St. John's wort, fern-leaf yarrow and common chicory. The results of this work can be used in teaching students and postgraduates in biological and pharmaceutical specialties. Also used in licensing companies involved in the collection of medicinal plants.
Resource saving and “green” technologies in the refining of petroleum products in Russia
Authors: Efimova Elena , Lukashenok Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The issues of resource conservation affect the economy in each country all over the world and with the globalization process of society and the growth in population size, as consumers of the planet's natural resources, are paramount in the aspect of economic growth. Countries with different types of economies require “individual” economic growth, but any economic growth requires material resources, including natural resources. The issues of resource conservation and meeting the growing needs of the population are at the heart of the agenda of applying “green” technologies. Without the application of new technologies, it is impossible to preserve the available resources on Earth and meet the needs of the population of different countries of the world. One of the most important factors in the economic growth of countries is fuel and energy resources, where the world demand for them has been on an upward trend over the past few years. The study provides an overview of the latest technologies used in the extraction and processing of fuel and energy resources, the use of which largely solves the issues of resource conservation and environmental conditions.
Application of resource-saving technologies in the process of processing agricultural raw materials and their waste
Authors: Abbazova Venera , Shkolnikova Marina , Rozhnov Evgeny
Published: June 2024

The development, implementation and application of resource saving technologies in the food and processing industry is an integral part of ensuring the country’s food independence, reflecting the level of provision of the population with the necessary volume of food products through domestic production, independent of the import of raw materials, equipment and other elements of the production process chain. The purpose of this study is to develop a resource-saving technology for deep processing of defatted sea buckthorn meal to obtain a complex of bioflavonoids. To intensify the technological process, fermentolysis of raw materials and ultrasonic influence at the stage of extraction of fermented sea buckthorn meal were considered. The use of intensification factors makes it possible to reduce the process duration from 1.5 hours to 15 minutes while increasing the yield of bioflavonoids by 27%, without significantly changing the chemical composition. The results obtained allow us to recommend the proposed technology for industrial use in enterprises for processing high-capacity sea buckthorn fruit.
Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sanduru Bhanuteja , Dhyani Manoj , Thakur Rahul , Dixit Saurav , Bhardwaj Nishant , Talukdar Soumita
Published: June 2024

This study offers a thorough comparative analysis of the life cycle assessment of three significant energy storage technologies—Lithium Ion Batteries, Flow Batteries, and Pumped Hydro—evaluating their environmental, economic, and social aspects in a complete manner. When considering the environmental effect, it is evident that Lithium-Ion Batteries surpass Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro in terms of carbon footprint, water use, and land utilization. Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro exhibit significant decreases, ranging from 40% to 60%, showcasing their potential as ecologically sound alternatives with heightened sustainability advantages. From an economic standpoint, it can be confidently said that Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro surpass Lithium-Ion Batteries in terms of both capital and operational expenses, resulting in a decreased Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS). The examination of percentage change showcases significant decreases, ranging from 20% to 50%, underscoring the economic competitiveness of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro. Regarding societal consequences, Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro exhibit a propensity for heightened job production, augmented community acceptability, and enhanced health and safety records in contrast to Lithium-Ion Batteries. The assessments of percentage change further underscore the societal benefits of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro, demonstrating a substantial increase of 40% to 100% in job creation, a notable rise of 6.25% to 12.5% in community acceptability, and a significant decrease of 50% to 75% in health and safety problems. These results jointly emphasize the comprehensive benefits of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro, indicating their potential as sustainable, cost-effective, and socially responsible energy storage options. Given the ongoing evolution of the energy landscape, the findings obtained from this research greatly enhance the ability of stakeholders and policymakers to make well-informed decisions in their efforts to design a more environmentally friendly and robust energy future. The study emphasizes the significance of taking into account not only the technological efficacy, but also the wider environmental, economic, and social circumstances when implementing energy storage technology.
Factors of sustainable development for the agricultural machinery market
Authors: Yaroshevich Natalya , Komarova Oxana , Migunov Vasily
Published: June 2024

The progressive development of the economy is based on the sustainability of agriculture and agricultural machinery. It is defined in the concept of sustainable development of society. A review of the researches made it possible to identify the priority importance of production factors in ensuring the sustainable development of this industry. Analysis of methodological tools showed the significance of regression analysis based on the production function. To conduct an empirical study, the Panzar-Ross model and statistical data on the development of the agricultural machinery industry were used. Testing of the model showed the inelasticity of revenue at the prices of production factors and the presence of adaptive behavior of market participants. The results obtained on the sustainability of industrial markets for agricultural machinery can contribute to the formation of a new model of sustainable development within the industry and the drafting of state programs for the agriculture development in general to achieve the goals of sustainable economic growth.
Digital technologies as a factor in agricultural development
Authors: Minnegalieva L.I. , Svalova N.A. , Korkin A.V.
Published: June 2024

The article examines digital technologies as a factor in agricultural development. The authors reveal the concept of digital technologies, describe in detail their main directions, which are actively implemented in practice. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is analyzed with conclusions about their advantages and disadvantages at the moment. Particular attention is paid to the legislation of the Russian Federation, which is at the stage of the formation of certain areas of digitalization of agriculture. The problems of applying digital technologies in practice are revealed and options for solving them are proposed. The authors analyze in detail the mechanism of application of blockchain in the agricultural chain, ranging from the farmer to the end consumer of products, taking into account the experience of foreign countries. The conclusion justifies the conclusion about the direct dependence of agricultural development on the introduction of digital technologies.