bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium-Platinum Oxide Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Bond G. C. , Webster Dennis E.
Published: February 2024

Since the publication of earlier papers from the Johnson Matthey Research Laboratories on the catalytic properties of mixed platinum group metal catalysts, two other groups have published their findings. These are in certain respects in disagreement with each other and with the original work and results relating to the ruthenium-platinum system are critically discussed in this paper.
A New Ruthenium Plating Bath
Authors: Bradford C. W. , Cleare M. J. , Middleton H.
Published: February 2024

A new ruthenium plating bath has been developed which gives bright, adherent and pore-free deposits at high cathode efficiencies. Electro-deposited ruthenium has considerable potential applications in the field of light duty electrical contacts where mechanical wear is a problem, particularly for sliding surfaces such as slip rings.
The Coercivity of Cobalt-Platinum
Authors: Craik D. J.
Published: February 2024

The magnetic properties of the 50 atomic per cent cobalt-platinum alloy are quite exceptional and make it one of the most powerful permanent magnet materials available. In this article the author reviews the accepted mechanisms for high coercivities in an attempt to establish which is the more likely to apply to equiatomic cobalt-platinum in its hard magnetic condition. Some original studies are also presented, and some suggestions are put forward for the further development of this material.
Fifth International Congress on Catalysis
Authors: G. C. B.
Published: February 2024

The four-yearly International Congress on Catalysis provides a welcome opportunity to review the state of the art and to exchange ideas and experiences. A review of the papers relevant to the platinum metals is given in this article.
The Behaviour of Platinum Catalysts for Ammonia Oxidation
Authors: Baker R. T. K. , Thomas R. B. , Notton J. H. F.
Published: February 2024

Continuous observations by controlled atmosphere microscopy of the effects of heating platinum and rhodium-platinum alloy wires in ammonia-air mixtures indicated that attack on the wire surfaces predominates at the grain boundaries. The alloy wires, including used commercial catalyst gauzes, exhibited the formation of mobile promontories preceding the formation of angular crystalline platelets, whereas pure platinum wires did not show so much promontory growth, even at higher temperatures.
Small Particles of the Platinum Metals
Authors: Bond Geoffrey C.
Published: February 2024

The economic use of noble metals as catalysts usually requires them to be in the form of extremely small particles, typically less than 100 Å in size. This article reviews methods for the preparation and characterisation of such particles, and their importance in catalysis. For certain limited classes of reaction, activity per unit of surface area is itself a function of particle size; possible bases for explaining this effect are discussed.
Lead Poisoning of Automobile Emission Control Catalysts
Authors: Cooper B. J.
Published: February 2024

In a paper presented to the American Chemical Society Symposium on Auto Emission Catalysts, held in Chicago in August, an investigation was described in which it was shown that, by careful selection of the position of the catalyst in the exhaust train and of the operating temperature, deterioration due to lead poisoning can be minimised. This article summarises the findings reported in the paper.
High Tensile Strength Thick-Film Silver-Palladium Metallisations
Authors: Lemon T. H.
Published: February 2024

Thick-film, silver-palladium conductor compositions with improved mechanical properties have been developed in the Johnson Matthey Research Laboratories. These conductors are capable of retaining high adhesion strengths using tin-lead solder after prolonged storage at elevated temperature. This article is based upon a contribution to the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers’ Conference held at the University of Technology, Loughborough, in September.
Forming Fibres from Basalt Rock
Authors: Professor G. L. Sheldon
Published: February 2024

Basalt, a rock which results when molten lava from deep in the earth’s crust rises up and cools sufficiently to solidify is found in many parts of the world. In some notable instances it covers areas of many thousands of square miles. This paper describes work carried out to produce commercially useful fibre from the basalt which occurs as an enormous outcrop in Idaho, Oregon and Washington in the United States of America.
The Mechanism of Action of Anti-tumour Platinum Compounds
Authors: Thomson A. J.
Published: February 2024

A wide range of studies carried out by cell biologists and biochemists lead to the conclusion that platinum anti-tumour compounds exert their potency by stopping the replication of DNA, thereby preventing cell division. This is most likely achieved by the formation of a complex between the bases of the DNA and the platinum compounds. The exact nature of this binding is not yet understood.
Platinum Coordination Complexes in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Cleare M. J.
Published: February 2024

The symposium which took place at the Wadley Institutes of Molecular Medicine in Dallas, Texas, embraced a wide range of scientific disciplines from platinum metal chemistry through to clinical practice and was attended by over one hundred and fifty delegates of equally diverse backgrounds. The first two days of the meeting were largely concerned with the more fundamental aspects of platinum compounds and their biological activity, while the final day was devoted to reports of clinical efficacy and protocols.
Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Sermon Paul A.
Published: February 2024

Over three hundred participants met in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, at the beginning of September 1978 to attend a Second International Symposium, sponsored by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the Division de Catalyse of the Société Chimique de Belgique, to discuss the scientific bases for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. Papers described the preparation of active oxides, carbides and metals; a considerable fraction concerned the platinum group metals and a brief review of some of these is now presented.
Electrodeposited Ruthenium as an Electrical Contact Material
Authors: Hydes Paul C.
Published: February 2024

The potential advantages of ruthenium plating are becoming increasingly appreciated in the electrical contact field. By comparison with rhodium, electrodeposited ruthenium is much less costly and possesses very similar properties of extremely high hardness and resistance to corrosion but with superior resistance to wear; while the dramatic increase in the price of gold has further emphasised the importance of evaluating its merits of low contact resistance and much lower density, offering great economy for a given thickness of deposit.
Triarylphosphine-Palladium Complexes
Authors: Heck Richard F.
Published: February 2024

Aryl, heterocyclic, benzyl, and vinylic halides undergo facile reactions with carbon monoxide or olefins forming new carbon-carbon bonds under the influence of triarylphosphine-palladium catalysts. The carbon monoxide reactions produce esters in the presence of alcohols, amides in the presence of amines, and aldehydes in the presence of hydrogen. Reactions with olefins produce new olefins in which a vinylic hydrogen is replaced by the organic group from the halide. Some olefins and vinylic halides require the presence of secondary amines to react, in which instance tertiary allylic amines are formed catalytically. Conjugated dienes may be used in place of simple olefins to form products with additional unsaturation. Numerous applications for these reactions in organic synthesis appear likely.
Rhodium(II) Carboxylato Complexes
Authors: Boyar Esther B. , Robinson Stephen D.
Published: February 2024

Interest in rhodium(II) carboxylato complexes, initially stimulated by their unusual structure and oxidation state, has been maintained in recent years by controversy concerning their electronic structure and by their recently discovered anti-tumour activity.
The First Real Melting of Platinum
Authors: Hunt L. B.
Published: February 2024

For thirty years after its recognition as a new element platinum resisted all attempts to melt it, first in the early porcelain furnaces and later by means of enormous burning glasses. Then in April 1782, just two hundred years ago, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier finally succeeded in bringing about its fusion on a small scale by using a blast of oxygen, the gaseous element discovered a few years earlier by Joseph Priestley. Lavoisier repeated his experiment three months later before a most distinguished audience at the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris.
A New Platinum Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Halonitroaromatics
Authors: Ferrier G. G. , King F.
Published: February 2024

A platinum catalyst has been developed for the selective hydrogenation of halonitroaromatics. The catalyst performs favourably under a variety of operating conditions without the need for process additives. Satisfactory selectivities have been obtained with a wide variety of substrates and further product purification may be unnecessary.
The First Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Hunt L. B.
Published: February 2024

The great interest being taken in the organometallic compounds of the platinum metals is evident in the current literature, in the first International Conference on the Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals held in Bristol in 1981, and now by the second conference to take place in Edinburgh in July. This article reviews the preparation of the first such compounds over a hundred and fifty years ago and the acrimonious debate that ensued over their true constitution, continuing with a brief account of the early development of a further range of platinum complexes that have come to play an important part in industrial chemistry.
The Solubility of Hydrogen in the Platinum Metals under High Pressure
Authors: Antonov, V. E. , Belash, I. T. , Malyshev, V. Yu. , Ponyatovsky, E. G.
Published: February 2024

The technique for compressing macroscopic volumes of hydrogen to record pressures of tens of kilobars, developed in the Institute of Solid State Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, has permitted the first syntheses of the hydrides of a number of metals namely: manganese, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, technetium, rhenium and gold. This paper presents the results of the application of the technique for the hydrogenation of the platinum metals. The data obtained on hydrogen solubility at high pressures are used to estimate its equilibrium solubility at atmospheric pressure.
The Platinum Metals in Electronics
Authors: Davey N. M. , Seymour R. J.
Published: February 2024

The sophistication possible with modern electronic and microelectronic devices depends ultimately on the materials from which they are made. The platinum metals have assumed a vital role in electronics at every stage in its evolution. They are found in both thin and thick film devices which together constitute the backbone of electronic manufacturing technology and overall this area represents one of their main applications in terms of metal consumption.
Ruthenium Catalyst Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbons from Coal
Authors: King, F. , Shutt E. , Thomson A. I.
Published: February 2024

A new catalyst with a low metal loading has been developed for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and has shown good activity, selectivity and durability in laboratory reactors, demonstrating that these catalyst systems could be used in future commercial processes.
Platinum-Zirconium Alloy Catalysts Supported on Carbon or Zirconia
Authors: Szymanski R. , Charcosset H.
Published: February 2024

The preparation of platinum-zirconium alloy catalyst systems is described and their characterisation reveals interesting structures. Studies on a number of catalytic reactions indicate that these alloy systems have catalytic properties significantly different from platinum on zirconia systems. In addition these catalysts do not segregate into platinum and zirconia or zirconium carbide either in air at atmospheric pressure or under conditions used in catalytic processes.
The Mechanism of Reconstruction of Rhodium-Platinum Catalyst Gauzes
Authors: McCabe A. R. , Smith G. D. W. , Pratt A. S.
Published: February 2024

The surface reconstruction on rhodium-platinum catalyst gauzes has been examined using scanning electron microscope techniques. The nucleation and growth of the large cage-like features which develop on the gauze surfaces during operation in the ammonia oxidation process have been studied in detail. It is concluded that a vapour phase mechanism involving transport of platinum oxide is responsible for the observed reaction, and the reason why this process operates only over a limited range of temperature and pressure is explained. Some comments are also made on the related reconstruction observed on gauzes used during the production of hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process.
Copper and Nickel Alloys Clad with Platinum and Its Alloys
Authors: Ott D. , Raub Ch. J.
Published: February 2024

Technical and economic considerations have identified an opportunity for composite materials which combine certain advantageous features of both noble and base metals. During an investigation of some platinum cladding techniques and of the properties of the resulting bimetals, data have been amassed which could have relevance to industrial as well as to decorative applications. Here the effects of deformation on the separate and the combined components are considered. A later paper will indicate how problems that may result from interdiffusion of the metals can be avoided.
The Role of Platinum Metals in Neurological Prostheses
Authors: Donaldson P. E. K.
Published: February 2024

Prostheses are devices for restoring artificially some function lost through accident or disease. Neurological prostheses, therefore, are surgically implanted microelectronic devices which seek to ameliorate the results of neurological defect. Examples are: implants for treating incontinence, or for recovering some use of paralysed arms and legs following spinal accident; implants for patients who are blind as a result of damage to the eye or optic nerve; implants for patients who are deaf as a result of damage to the inner ear. In addition, there are some implanted devices which are not strictly prostheses; for example, implants for relieving pain, and implants for correcting curvature of the spine in children. Despite the variety of purposes for which neurological prostheses are built, they have in common that they are all nerve stimulators and can all be realised using, substantially, the same technology. This article discusses the technology for implant-making which has been worked out at this Unit, and shows the essential role played by noble metals in that technology.
A History of Iridium
Authors: Hunt L. B.
Published: February 2024

The use in unmanned space craft of iridium to encapsulate the radioisotope thermoelectric generators, where temperatures of up to 2000°C have to be withstood over several years of operation, with possible impact velocities of 90 metres per second, has focused greater attention on the remarkable properties of this member of the platinum group of metals. But these same properties of very high melting point and great mechanical strength have been the cause of difficulties in its melting and fabrication over a long period of years. How these problems were tackled and eventually overcome is described in this article.
The Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Some Titanium Materials
Authors: Satoh H. , Shimogori K. , Kamikubo F.
Published: February 2024

The crevice corrosion that occurs on titanium in chloride solutions at elevated temperatures can constitute a serious problem. The resistance of three titanium materials to this form of corrosion has been evaluated by immersion and electrochemical tests. The results show that all three possess superior corrosion resistance to that of commercially pure titanium, and that the two which contain palladium are the best. On the basis of these tests, mechanical properties and in-service experience, guide lines for the advantageous use of these materials are proposed.
Platinum Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Barnard C. F. J.
Published: February 2024

It is now 20 years since the publication of the anti-tumour activity of platinum compounds by Barnett Rosenberg and his colleagues. During this time platinum-based drugs have made a major contribution to cancer therapy with significant benefits for many patients. This article summarises the history of platinum agents in this field and indicates the current and possible future directions of research.
Ruthenium and Osmium Oxo Complexes as Organic Oxidants
Authors: Griffith W. P.
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in the application of ruthenium tetroxide, lower-valent oxo ruthenates and osmium tetroxide are summarised here, with particular reference to uses or potential uses of these materials in the fine chemicals industry.
An Advantageous Use of Palladium Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Russell M. J. H.
Published: February 2024

Palladium has a rich organometallic chemistry which has developed over the past twenty-five years. While palladium is not unique in its ability to carry out a wide range of carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, its versatility has resulted in an increasing effort being made towards the use of palladium reagents in organic synthesis in academic and industrial research laboratories. This will result in increased industrial applications of these compounds in the organic chemicals sector.
Controlling Motor Vehicle Emissions
Authors: Walsh Michael P.
Published: February 2024

For some twenty years this Journal has reported advances in the application of platinum metals catalyst technology for the control of automobile exhaust gases. The first work was directed at reducing atmospheric pollution in Los Angeles, where climatic and topographic conditions, together with a high concentration of automobiles combined to create a clearly perceived problem. Since that time the use of pollution control catalysts for vehicle emission abatement has grown substantially. In Europe, popular concern about the effects of pollution is now being translated into legislation to protect the environment, so it is timely to re-examine the existing evidence of the atmospheric changes caused by motor vehicles, and from that to predict what may happen on a global scale in the future. It is suggested by the author, who was formerly Deputy Assistant Administrator for Mobile Source Air Pollution Control at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, that the latest catalyst technology must be applied worldwide, without delay, to prevent further major damage to the environment.
Alfonso Cossa
Authors: Kauffman George B. , Molayem Ester
Published: February 2024

Almost every co-ordination chemist or platinum chemist is familiar with Cossa’s first and second salts, K[PtCl3(NH3)].H2O and KIPtCl 5(NH 3)].H 2O, respectively, yet the life and work of their discoverer is virtually unknown outside of Italy. Cossa made outstanding contributions not only to the chemistry of platinum and to inorganic chemistry in general, but also to agricultural and plant chemistry, mineralogy, petrography, medicine, botany, forensic chemistry, and the analysis of soils and rocks, especially those of his native land.
Polymetallic Activation
Authors: Braunstein P.
Published: February 2024

An International Symposium on Polymetallic Activation was held at the Università di Parma, Italy, from the 13th to 15th September 1990, aspart of a collaboration, supported by the European Commission, involving university laboratories at Strasbourg, Freiburg, Torino and Parma which carry out research on diverse aspects of polymetallic activation. An international panel of speakers presented plenary lectures giving the state of the art in their area, discussing and evaluating the results of this initiative and suggesting future actions aimed at developing and strengthening the links between European laboratories performing complementary research.
Platinum Media for Data Storage
Authors: J.W.S.
Published: February 2024

The first international conference dedicated entirely to magneto-optic recording, MORIS’91, Magneto-Optic Recording International Symposium, was held in Tokyo, Japan, from 16th to 19th April 1991. The scope of the conference covered a broad range of topics, including current and potential magneto-optic materials, their processing and properties, and the physics and technology of magneto-optic recording. Rare earth alloys are currently used as first generation magneto-optic materials, but platinum/cobalt and palladium/cobalt multilayered thin films show great promise for future use as second generation media. A selection of the papers presented are reviewed here.
Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Bush R. P.
Published: February 2024

When nuclear fuel is irradiated in a power reactor a wide range of chemical elements is created by the fission of uranium and plutonium. These fission products include palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, and could in principle constitute a valuable source of these three metals. Their separation front the fuel during reprocessing operations is, however, a complex mutter. Various processes have been proposed and evaluated, mainly on a laboratory scale. To date none of them has been established as applicable on a commercial scale, but investigations with this aim are continuing in several countries. Even a complete separation of the platinum group metals from other nuclides would yield a radioactive product, because of the presence of active isotopes of the platinum group metals. These would be expected to restrict the practical utilisation of platinum group metals created by nuclear fission, unless an isotope separation technique can be developed, or the metals are stored until the radioactivity has decayed.
The Platinum Catalysed Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia
Authors: Lintz H.-G. , Oerter M.
Published: February 2024

The reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia on platinum catalysts has been investigated in the temperature range 300 to 400°C at reactant partial pressures between 0.05 and 5 mbar. During a combined potentiometric and kinetic study, a discontinuous change in both the reaction rates and the surface state has been observed at a partial pressure ratio for nitric oxide:ammonia of 1.5. If ammonia is in excess in the gas phase then nitric oxide is directly reduced to nitrogen. However, an excess of nitric oxide leads to a strong formation of nitrous oxide, and the nitrogen formation thus proceeds via nitrous oxide.
The Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Vaughan O. J.
Published: February 2024

Organised by the Dalton Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the fifth International Conference on the Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals was held at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, on 11th to 16th July 1993. Previous meetings in this series have been held in Bristol (1981), Edinburgh (1984), Sheffield (1987) and Cambridge (1990). More than four hundred delegates from thirty-three countries, attended the meeting for a programme of forty-two lectures and over two hundred poster presentations.
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Hogarth M. P. , Hards G. A.
Published: February 2024

The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been considered as the ideal fuel cell system since it produces electric power by the direct conversion of the methanol fuel at the fuel cell anode. This is more attractive than the conventional hydrogen fuelled cells, particularly for transportation applications, which rely on bulky and often unresponsive reformer systems to convert methanol, or other hydrocarbon fuels, to hydrogen. However, commercialisation of tho DMFC has been impeded by its poor performance compared with hydrogen/air systems, the major limitation being the anode performance which requires highly efficient methanol oxidation catalysts. Such catalyst materials have been sought, and it appears that only platinum-based materials show reasonable activity and the required stability. The recent application of proton exchange membrane electrolyte materials has extended the operational temperature of DMFCs beyond those attainable with traditional liquid electrolytes, and this has led to major improvements in performance over the last five years. This article describes some key work tackling the above limitations and suggests that the DMFC is approaching the stage where it may become a commercially viable alternative to hydrogen/air systems.
Catalytic Hydration of Nitriles to Amides
Authors: Parkins A.W.
Published: February 2024

The hydration of nitriles to amides is one of the basic transformations in organic chemistry However, it is not generally appreciated how difficult this transformation is to carry out efficiently since amides themselves undergo further hydrolysis to the acid. While nicotinamide and acrylamide are usually manufactured from the corresponding nitriles using metallic copper heterogeneous catalysts, applications in the fine chemicals industry are rare. Now, the use of a new platinum-containing homogeneous catalyst applicable to complex organic nitriles containing sensitive functional groups will create an opportunity for nitrile hydration in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Optical Oxygen Sensors
Authors: Mills Andrew
Published: February 2024

Oxygen is an immensely important chemical species — essential for life. The need to determine levels of oxygen occurs in many diverse fields. In environmental analysis, oxygen measurement provides an indispensable guide to the overall condition of the ecology and it is routine practice to monitor oxygen levels continuously in the atmosphere and in water. In medicine, the oxygen levels in the expired air or in the blood of a patient are key physiological parameters for judging general health. Such parameters should ideally be monitored continuously, which may present problems. Determining oxygen levels in blood requires blood samples which may be difficult to take or impossible to take regularly — the elderly suffer from collapsed veins, while babies may only have 125 cm3 of blood. The measurement of oxygen levels is also essential in industries which utilise metabolising organisms: yeast for brewing and bread making, and the plants and microbes that are used in modern biotechnology, such as those producing antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Here, the background to oxygen measurements is described and work to develop new optical oxygen sensors which utilise the luminescence of platinum metals complexes is discussed.
Selective Ethanol Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Izumi Yasuo
Published: February 2024

Work on the synthesis of ethanol from carbon dioxide over a rhodium-selenium catalyst is reported, and related reactions and characterisation studies are briefly reviewed. In order to inhibit the formation of methane (complete reduction of carbon dioxide) and simultaneously activate carbon-carbon bond formation by the reaction of CHx with carbonyl derivatives, it is necessary to control the active rhodium sites. Based on a study of single crystal rhodium surfaces it is proposed that acetyl and acetate intermediates are formed. Recently it has been discovered that supported Rh/TiO2, promoted by selenium from inside the rhodium metal sites, is a potential catalyst for ethanol synthesis from carbon dioxide. The action of this catalyst is compared to related studies.
Crystallographic Properties of Rhodium
Authors: Arblaster J. W.
Published: February 2024

The crystallographic properties of rhodium at temperatures from absolute zero to its melting point are assessed following a review of the literature published during the period 1915 to date. Selected values of thermal expansion coefficients and length change measurements have been used to calculate the variations with temperature of lattice parameters, interatomic distances, atomic and molar volumes and density. Literature values are compared graphically with the selected values.
THE ROLE OF HYPERTEXT AND HYPERNARRATIVES IN GAME DESIGN
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Esenalieva Gulzada , Ermakov Andrei ,   Ala-Too International University, Maiatskaia Nataliia ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: February 2024

This article examines the complex role of hypertext and hypermedia in the field of game design and their profound impact on interactive storytelling. Hypertext and hypermedia, which refer to interconnected text and multimedia components, are steadily gaining importance in the field of game design, offering many new possibilities for storytelling, player action, and creating immersive experiences. Through a thorough review of relevant literature and insightful case studies, this article delves into the widespread use of hypertext and hypermedia in the field of game design. This highlights their remarkable potential for increasing player engagement and enriching storytelling, thereby facilitating a deeper and more engaging gaming experience. This study not only highlights the contemporary relevance of these design elements, but also highlights their growing importance in shaping the future of interactive storytelling in games. The use of hypertext and hypermedia can allow designers to create more engaging and adaptable narratives, thereby improving the overall gaming experience.
HACKATHON AS A METHOD OF LEARNING
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Esenalieva Gulzada , Isaev Ruslan ,   Ala-Too International University, Ermakov Andrei ,   Ala-Too International University, Raheba Zahir ,   Ala-Too International University, Kim Galina ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: February 2024

Hackathons, as a method of teaching and learning in higher education, deserve attention in the context of developing students' skills and fostering innovative thinking. This article not only explores the advantages students gain by participating in hackathons, such as practical skills, teamwork, and solving real-world problems, but also examines the impact of this method on society at large. The question raised in the article concerns the possibility of considering hackathons not only as a supplement to traditional teaching methods but as an independent method that contributes to the formation of creativity, autonomy, and entrepreneurial thinking. Analysing these aspects may alter the approach to organizing the educational process, positioning hackathons as a key element of modern education.
Forgotten Organisations from the First World War
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Ryan Tracy
Published: February 2024

Like many museums, Queensland Museum has a host of small collection items such as buttons and badges related to organisations that were active during and immediately after the First World War. While some of these organisations existed before the War, others came into existence specifically because of the War. Some have lasted until today, while others ceased to exist once the War was over. Today, the Red Cross and the Returned Services League (RSL) are well known across the country. In Queensland, the Golden Casket lottery began in 1917 as a fundraiser for war workers. Since then it has morphed into the State’s premier lottery, raising a significant amount of revenue for the State’s budget. Legacy started just after the War as a community-led organisation looking after the families of killed or critically wounded service personnel. Meanwhile, the only evidence of the existence of events and organisations such as Jack’s Day, King George’s Fund and For King and Empire lies in archives and in the repositories of collecting institutions such as the Queensland Museum. Where it is tempting to consider the First World War as a one-off event with clear boundaries (and indeed many of the current centenary commemorative events only focus on 1914 to 1918), its legacy is all around us. This paper considers what these badges and buttons, some long forgotten, tell us about fundraising and welfare-related work during and since the First World War. The need for such organisations has not disappeared in the past 100 years of incessant military and other conflicts, despite the lessons of the war to end all wars.
A Man of the ‘Wild’ Queensland Frontier: King Gida of the Kaurareg
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Memmott Paul , Richards Jonathan , Kane Jessica
Published: February 2024

This biographical study concerns a Kaurareg man named Gida (c.1849–1899), who resided on Muralag (Prince of Wales Island), in Torres Strait in the late nineteenth century. It is part of a larger research project on the so-called ‘Meston’s Wild Australia’ or ‘Wild Australia Show’ of 1892–93 which was conceived by Queensland entrepreneur Archibald Meston. Meston conscripted a travelling troupe of Aboriginal people from the Queensland frontier whom he presented to the public as ‘wild’ but ‘magnificent’ both physically and in relation to particular skilled customs, yet doomed to extinction, being in the ‘dying days of their race’. The tour climax was planned to be their appearance at the Chicago World Fair in late 1893, but the troupe were left stranded by Meston in Melbourne. The aim here is to provide a longitudinal and culturally informed account of Gida’s life, with understanding of a range of critical life events, in addition to those that projected him into the Wild Australia Show and allowed him to return triumphant from the tour. Gida became renowned as a leader being referred to as both a ‘King’ and by the ignominious name of ‘Tarbucket’, titles reflecting the ethnocentric colonial construction of the ‘other’ as both a romanticised primitive, partly of the ‘wild’, yet simultaneously a faithful servant of the state, shaped as such by the emerging Aboriginal policies. Gida and his co-performers were conscripted from Kiwain village on Muralag. Gida had fled here as a young man after another village had been attacked and ‘razed’ in c.1870 by a punitive expedition led by Frank Jardine of Somerset settlement on Cape York, in which a significant number of his tribespeople were slaughtered for allegedly head-hunting the crew of a wrecked ship. An analysis of this phase of history more readily explains the personal and socio-economic impacts on Gida and the Kaurareg people, before tracing the later fate of Gida and the ongoing inter-generational trauma of his descendants as acknowledgement by their contemporary leader.
A NEW TYPE OF PLUG-IN FRICTION-STIR LAP WELDING BASED ON THE 6061-T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: Cao Gaowei , Wang Jin , Gao Bo , Mu Kaicheng , Zhang Hui , Li Baoge
Published: February 2024

In this study a new type of plug-in friction-stir lap welding (PFSLW) is proposed to prepare welded joints based on 4-mm-thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet. The differences in the cross-sectional morphology, microstructure, cross-sectional hardness and shear properties between the PFSLW joint and the normal friction-stir lap-welding (FSLW) joint are discussed. The results show that the cross-sectional morphology of the PFSLW joint has undergone changes. The PFSLW joint has a mechanical interlocking structure on the advancing side that is beneficial to the connection strength of the joint. The grain structure differs at the boundary between the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the PFSLW joints show a more pronounced bending deformation of the grain organization near the boundary. The microhardness of PFSLW joints was increased in the TMAZ and HAZ areas, and the lowest hardness is further away from the center of the weld. The failure load of the PFSLW joint has been improved, the microcracks part of the PFSLW joint has a ridge-like structure. In addition, the actual welding width of PFSLW joints was improved.
NOVEL MAGNETIC ALGINATE/HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITE WITH HIGH-EFFICIENCY CADMIUM-ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zhou Jiabei , Zhou Dali , Li Liang , Wu Yingjiang , Zhou Xiang , Du Lang , Chen Honggen
Published: February 2024

Heavy-metal pollution (such as Cd(II)) is regarded as a serious environmental problem, posing a great threat to human beings. In this research, a novel water-dispersible magnetic alginate/hydroxyapatite composite with high-efficiency Cd(II) adsorption performance was successfully synthesized by a facile wet-chemical method. The magnetic separation experiment and magnetic property analysis indicate that a magnetic alginate/hydroxyapatite composite can be effectively separated under a magnetic field. The zeta-potential result and dispersity experiment indicate that the lowest zeta-potential is –39.4 mV at pH = 5, and the obtained sample dispersed well in a Cd(II) solution after 120 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of a sample on Cd(II) is 135.3 mg g–1 at pH = 5, and the adsorption of Cd(II) reached equilibrium in 10 min. The adsorption data could be fitted well using the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Impacto de una propuesta con aprendizaje basado en juego en educación física sobre el compromiso cognitivo y nivel disfrute en preescolares
Authors: Fernández Caballero Noelia , Ureña-Ortín Nuria , Alarcón-López Francisco
Published: February 2024

Diferentes investigaciones han comprobado que las actividades lúdicas y motrices aportan numerosos beneficios en la dimensión bio-psico-social de los infantes. En esta línea, el ejercicio físico con implicación cognitiva se ha comprobado que es la alternativa más alentadora para promover mejoras cognitivas en el alumnado. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si una propuesta de juego motor gamificado con implicación cognitiva poseía las características necesarias para generar mejoras en las capacidades cognitivas, en concreto, un suficiente compromiso cognitivo y grado de disfrute. En el estudio se utilizó un diseño exploratorio y participaron 19 niños (14 niñas y 5 niños) de 5 años. Se diseñó una propuesta lúdica con Aprendizaje Basado en Juegos junto con algunos elementos propios de la Gamificación a través del Juego el fantasma Blitz en movimiento. Se evaluaron el nivel de disfrute y compromiso cognitivo. También fue aplicada la matriz DAFO Y CAME, para valorar el diseño de la propuesta educativa. Los resultados evidenciaron que el nivel de compromiso cognitivo fue elevado (M = 2.16) al igual que el grado de disfrute global (M = 8.16). Los resultados DAFO y CAME demostraron que la metodología empleada y los materiales constituyeron un fuerte elemento motivacional para el alumnado, favoreciendo su implicación en el juego.  En conclusión, este trabajo ha permitido verificar la validez de la tarea para su uso dentro de intervenciones que tengan como objetivo el desarrollo físico-cognitivo del alumno, así como realizar un mayor ajuste de estas a las capacidades infantiles, mejorando la práctica docente y obteniendo programas de una mayor calidad.
Evaluación de seguridad en los operarios de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos con dolor de lumbar: Proyecto REFILAB
Authors: Cejudo Antonio , Abril-Guiote José Emiliano , Izzo Riccardo , Sainz de Baranda Pilar
Published: February 2024

REFILAB es una intervención de ejercicio físico para la Prevención y la Readaptación Física Laboral de los operarios de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos (OLV-RR) de una empresa Servicios Urbanos, que se concretan en la suscripción de contratos al amparo del art. 83 de la Ley Orgánica 6/2001 de diciembre de Universidades. El objetivo del presente estudio científico fue analizar la evaluación de seguridad de los OLV-RR con historial de dolor lumbar; así como, determinar las diferencias entre OLV-RR sedentarios y aquellos activos en la evaluación de seguridad. Participaron voluntariamente un total de 52 OLV-RR masculinos con edades comprendidas entre 29 y 64 años (50,2±8,8 años). Se recopiló información de los OLV-RR sobre la evaluación de seguridad relacionada con la salud. Inicialmente, un 38,5% (n=20) de los participantes no fueron inicialmente aptos para la práctica de ejercicios físico. La estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular fue categorizada como bajo en el 23,1% (n=12), moderado en el 21,2% (n=11) y alto en el 55,8% (n=29) de los participantes. Se encontraron que los OLV-RR activos mostraron mejor estado de salud que aquellos sedentarios (p≤0,013; g de Hedges ≥ 0,749 [Moderado]) en el peso corporal, el índice de masa corporal, el perímetro cintura y de la cadera, el porcentaje de la grasa visceral y de la masa muscular. A modo de conclusión, la elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los OLV-RR con historial de dolor lumbar muestra la necesidad de realizar una readaptación física cardiovascular paralela a la readaptación física lumbar basada en la normalización de los valores del peso corporal, del índice de masa corporal, del perímetro cintura y de la cadera, de la grasa visceral y la masa muscular.
Estudio del feedback de entrenadores/as de voleibol a jugadoras durante la competición en etapa formativa
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Lidia , Ortega-Toro Enrique
Published: February 2024

El feedback desempeña un papel determinante en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La utilización adecuada del feedback, mejora la calidad del proceso de enseñanza y fomenta que el aprendizaje sea más significativo para el alumnado y los deportistas, ya que los hace partícipes de su propio desarrollo. Para ello, es necesario conocer las distintas formas y momentos de uso del feedback. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el tipo de feedback que proporcionan los entrenadores/as de voleibol a sus jugadoras de etapa de formación durante la competición. Este análisis se llevó a cabo a través de la grabación de tres partidos de 5 entrenadores/as de diferentes equipos de voleibol pertenecientes a la categoría infantil en la Región de Murcia, registrando un total de 1968 feedbacks. Los resultados mostraron que prevalecen los feedbacks de tipo individual, prescriptivo y afectivo sin una inclinación hacia positivo o negativo. Además, se observó que algunos tipos de feedback cambian en función de si se proporciona durante el juego o en tiempos muertos, como el feedback según la dirección ya que en los tiempos muertos los entrenadores/as hacen un mayor uso del feedback grupal. Estos resultados coinciden con estudios semejantes realizados hace más de 20 años, si bien, tanto en los estudios previos, como en el presente estudio, los resultados van en contra del uso del feedback para lograr un adecuado proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
EVOLUTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC RAIL TRANSPORT IN KYIV
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, KOLOTUKHA Oleksandr , KOLOTUKHA Ihor ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Urban transport systems require increased attention as connecting elements that affect the efficiency of the functioning of cities as a whole and individual districts. Public passenger transport of a large city, which is the capital of the state – Kyiv, is one of the branches of its life support, on the functioning of which both the development of the economic complex and the lifestyle of the population depend. The problem of the rational functioning of public transport and its territorial organization become one of the main ones for our capital during the martial law and will become critical after the Victory. The development of rail transport is a priority for any European city: it has the highest carrying capacity, it is environmentally friendly and comfortable for passengers, and most importantly, it does not depend on the amount of traffic jams. In Kyiv, there are four types of rail public transport - metro, tram (including high-speed tram), city electric train and funicular. The analysis of the evolution of the territorial structure of the urban rail public transport system, carried out using the methods of graph theory and historical-geographic sections, shows that this structure developed dynamically along with the development of Kyiv. It is substantiated that the priority directions of the development of Kyiv's transport system are aimed at the formation of a highly efficient transport complex capable of meeting the needs of the population in relevant services and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this goal, the main directions of the development of Kyiv's rail public transport system have been determined: the priority of public passenger transport in the performance of city transportation; development of high-speed off-street types of public rail transport (metropolitan, high-speed tram, city railway); provision of fast, comfortable and safe transport connections between all functional zones of the capital on the basis of increasing the density of the street network, creating a system of complex transfer nodes at the stations of the metro and city railway lines.
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE POPULATION DURING TIMES OF WAR: SOCIAL NEEDS, ADAPTATION, AND PROSPECTS OF MIGRANT INTEGRATION (CASE OF ODESA)
Authors:   Kherson State University, Ukraine, LOZOVA Liudmyla
Published: February 2024

The military aggression of Russia has resulted in massive forced outmigration and has also influenced the regional population redistribution in Ukraine. Key motivations driving the population to relocate include the search for security, opportunities for self-employment, self-realization, and jobs as well as the satisfaction of basic needs in the social infrastructure. Social and economic stability stands out as one of the primary needs for the displaced persons. By moving to safer regions within Ukraine, the people have the opportunity to obtain the status of internally displaced person (IDP) and to rely on social assistance from the state. A sociological study conducted within the city of Odessa revealed that a crucial motivational factor in determining the internal displacement location is the proximity factor (geographical closeness of regions) and family/friendship ties. Despite a high level of education among the displaced persons, a significant part experiences unemployment (50% of respondents). 20% of respondents indicated that they were able to retain their previous jobs and work remotely. The main material needs for IDPs include the ability to rent housing and meet their daily needs, emphasizing the acute demand for employment. Another critical issue is the psychological state of individuals who have dared to relocate, particularly adaptation in the new city. In Odesa, as one of the major recipient cities for IDPs in southern Ukraine, there is an increased societal burden: growing demand in housing rentals, competition in the labor market, the lack of spaces in schools and kindergartens, and low logistical capacity. All these processes impact the city's infrastructure and its ability to ensure comfortable living conditions for the dwellers.