bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SANKSI HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU POLITIK UANG DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PEMILIHAN UMUM
Authors: Oktarina Evi , Restu Indiaz , Sulistya Pipin , Budiman Bambang , Yudodika Muhammad , Anggara Muhammad Rizki
Published: March 2024

Pemilukada dapat dikatakan sukses bila ditinjau dari segi hasil ialah jika Pemilukada yang dilaksanakan dapat menghasilkan wakil-wakil rakyat dan pemimpin Negara, yang mampu mewujudkan cita-cita nasional, sebagaimana tercantum dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Dalam praktiknya, penyelenggara pemilu menjadi pemain untuk memenangkan peserta pemilu tertentu dengan cara-cara yang melanggar aturan dan prinsip demokrasi salah satunya dengan politik uang. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang mengutamakan penelitian kepustakaan, mencari data yang digunakan dengan berpegang pada segi-segi yuridis. Adapun kesimpulan dari permasalahan ini sanksi terhadap penerima politik uang dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum tidak terdapat sanksi hukum namun dalam Pasal 187 A Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah terdapat sanksi bagi penerima politik uang. Selain dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah penerima politik uang dapat dikenakan sanksi berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) yaitu BAB V Tentang Penyertaan dalam Tindak Pidana Pasal 55 dan Pasal 149 KUHP.
Wound Irrigation Using Normal Saline 0.9% Versus Tap Water: A Review for Street Medicine and Low-resource Providers
Authors: Mitha Samrah
Published: March 2024

Patients experiencing homelessness are a vulnerable cohort who suffer from disproportionate skin disease burden. Acute and chronic wounds represent high morbidity conditions with severe consequences. Adequate management in the form of cleansing and irrigation is necessary for removing cellular debris, bacteria and contaminants. Providers in low-resource street medicine settings may be the first point of contact in the management of wounds encountered by unhoused patients. This review determines the feasibility of improvised irrigation techniques that can be used in street settings to irrigate wounds. A MEDLINE search was conducted and yielded randomized controlled trials, laboratory studies and case-control studies. No significant difference in wound infection and healing rates was found when normal saline 0.9% or tap water was used in wound irrigation. Improvised cleansing devices with suitable irrigation pressure included water bottles punctured with 14-18-gauge needles, 10-mL syringes and 50-syringes. Lower and upper extremity wounds were found to be at higher risk of infection, requiring judicious management and cleaning. Street medicine providers should consider weighing the benefits versus risks of on-site, improvised wound irrigation for acute soft tissue injuries, especially in the setting of limited resources.
Ethical Issues of Social Media in Nigeria
Authors: Adams Emmanuel Jibb , Dorcas Baba
Published: March 2024

This study sought to analyse ethical concerns of social media in Nigeria. The theoretical framework adopted is the Source Credibility Theory. The study employed Critical Discourse Analysis. The population of the study consisted of the top four (4) social networking sites in Nigeria. Out of these, Twitter was purposively selected for its widespread use for youth activism, particularly within the context of the #EndSARS protest; and for being the only social media platform the federal government had temporarily banned for ethical violations. A convenient sample of ten (10) tweets, which included retweets with text and images posted both during and within 18 months after the protest, was used to collect secondary data. Findings demonstrated a mix of ethical and unethical use of Twitter within the context of the protest. The result also revealed that although Twitter is a credible source of information, there were instances of anonymous tweets, which cast some doubts on the credibility of that specific source. The study recommends that beyond social media regulations, there is a need for the promotion of media literacy in Nigeria’s workplaces and educational system. In addition, the form of self-regulation inherent in African ethics should be applied by users of social media to facilitate harmonious communication. This study has made a modest contribution in the area of source credibility theory by proposing a conceptual framework within the context of the study.
Analysis of Credit Card Fraud Detection Performance Using Random Forest Classifier & Neural Networks Model
Authors:   Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Jl. Sampul No. 3, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Wijaya Steven , Wesly Wilfredo ,   Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Jl. Sampul No. 3, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Ginting Kristina ,   Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Jl. Sampul No. 3, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Dharma Abdi ,   Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Jl. Sampul No. 3, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Published: March 2024

Credit card fraud is one example of data manipulation in the e-commerce industry. Because credit card fraud is so common, preventing it can be difficult. Therefore, it is important to identify credit card fraud as soon as it occurs. Determining the validity of a transaction is a fraud detection process. Credit/ Debit cards/ any financial services are small plastic cards given to members of certain financial organizations with proper identity and verification. This research is quantitative research that uses a dataset that has been verified and classified as fraudulent or non-fraudulent transactions. This research will limit itself to credit card fraud detection methods that use Neural Networks and Random Forest Classifier algorithms. Using publicly available credit card transaction data as a starting point, this study will examine how well machine learning algorithms do overall in identifying credit card fraud. First of all, we check for the presence of duplicate values in the data set. The result of this check shows that there are no duplicate values in the set, marked with the value ‘False’. Next, we focus on class in the target variable ‘Class’. The output of this check shows the wide variety of samples for each class in the goal variable ‘Class’. In this example, class 0 has 284.315 samples and class 1 has 284.315 samples. Based totally on the studies performed, it is possible to conclude that the usage of machine learning algorithms, together with Random Forest Classifier and Neural Networks, can be effective in detecting credit card fraud. The results of the algorithm performance analysis show that the model developed can identify fraudulent transactions accurately. In addition, the data preparation stages, correlation analysis, and model performance evaluation also contribute to understanding potentially fraudulent credit card transaction patterns.
Diabetes: abordaje multidisciplinario para el cuidado de la piel del paciente con DM
Authors: Cristoforetti María Fernanda
Published: March 2024

Las complicaciones vasculares, neuropáticas e infectológicas son las principales responsables de la elevada morbimortalidad que la diabetes presenta. Para evitarlas, es clave promover el conocimiento y un mejor manejo de esta enfermedad.
Indonesia Employment Report 2023
Authors:   Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, Muhyiddin Muhyiddin
Published: March 2024

In 2023, Indonesia experienced economic recovery amidst challenges posed by the uncertain global economic slowdown. This is attributed to various factors such as the Russia-Ukraine war, high inflation, and supply chain disruptions. According to the latest report from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), global economic growth in 2023 is projected to reach only 3.6%, own from the previous projection of 3.7%. This figure is lower than the global economic growth in 2022, which reached 6.1%. One of the primary factors causing the global economic slowdown is the Russia-Ukraine war. This war has led to disruptions in global trade and energy supplies, resulting in price increases. Indonesia's response to global challenges reflects its resilience and adaptation in facing the dynamics of the global economy. Employment is closely linked to economic development in Indonesia. The presence of high-quality labor can accelerate the development process and enable Indonesia to compete with other countries.
JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS FOR RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS TREATMENT: A HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Gokcen N.
Published: March 2024

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease marked by recurrent episodes of inflammation impacting cartilaginous structures. The underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated; however, comprehensive genetic and histopathological evaluations have revealed the involvement of specific genes, cell-mediated immunity, and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of RP. The spectrum of symptoms associated with this condition ranges from mild manifestations to severe, life-threatening presentations. Treatment options vary depending on the disease severity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, dapsone, and systemic corticosteroids are commonly utilized as first-line therapeutic options. Furthermore, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are employed as second-line treatment. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data regarding the use of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in RP patients as a treatment option. This hypothesis suggests that JAKi may be a viable treatment option for relieving symptoms in these patients.
FIBROMYALGIA AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS, A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY USING THE 2016 ACR FIBROMYALGIA CRITERIA
Authors: Alnaimat F. , Abusheikha M. , Aldherasi S. , AlMomani M. , AlRyalat S.A.
Published: March 2024

Aim and Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain that affects various parts of the body. This study aims to investigate the presence of FM among medical students.

Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online-based questionnaire that included the 2016 revision of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) fibromyalgia criteria, along with demographics and lifestyle data, was distributed among the closed social media groups of the medical students at the University of Jordan.

Results: A total of 332 responses were received, with a response rate of 28% of the target population. Of the responders, 65% were females. Chronic body pain was reported by 40% of the subjects. FM criteria were met in 6% of the students. The severity of FM symptoms was related to the female gender but not to poor academic performance or lifestyle habits. Only 30% of the respondents meeting the criteria for FM had previously discussed their symptoms with a clinician. A literature search of published studies among students revealed nine studies, 4 of which targeted medical students, with prevalence ranging from 2 -12.5%.

Conclusion: The occurrence of FM in medical students seems to be twice as high as in the general population. FM is often overlooked in medical students, who tend not to seek medical assistance. The findings recommend a greater emphasis on early detection of FM in medical students, coupled with suitable interventions.
Digital Technology, Gaming, and Social Media: Understanding Addiction and Behaviour Problems in Children and Teenagers
Authors:   Physical Therapist, Neighborhood Physical Therapy PC Brooklyn, NY, USA, Baladaniya Maheshkumar
Published: March 2024

The widespread availability and use of digital technology, gaming, and social media have raised concerns about their potential to foster addiction and behavior problems in children and teenagers. This white paper explores the addictive nature of digital technology, gaming, and social media and their impact on the behavior and well-being of young individuals. It also provides insights into strategies for recognizing, managing, and preventing addiction and behavior problems in this demographic.
Access to justice and the role of online dispute resolution
Authors: Рустамбеков Исламбек
Published: March 2024

The article analyses some basic issues of online or digital dispute resolution. The author shows genesis of the digital dispute resolution and states the online dispute resolution systems, their development, and practice. The author comes to the opinion that in CIS and Central Asia, in particular, in Uzbekistan, there are no national or regional ODR systems based on modern technologies including AI. In this regard, it is suggested that Uzbekistan should work on the implementation of such systems and become the first in the region by providing the best ODR services
The law applicable to the arbitration agreement
Authors: Джуманазарова Мехринисо
Published: March 2024

The article delves into the complexities of determining the applicable law in international arbitration agreements. It discusses the growing role of arbitration in international trade and highlights the challenges of identifying governing laws, especially when parties have not specified them. The article also explores common law and civil law approaches to this issue and mentions Uzbekistan’s recent legislative efforts to become an arbitration-friendly jurisdiction. The text is particularly relevant for legal professionals and scholars interested in international arbitration and its evolving legal frameworks
Mathematics Teacher’s Perceptions on Flipped Classroom towards the 21st Century Learning and Innovation Skills
Authors: Eriyagama I. S. K. , Mohammed Lubna Ali
Published: March 2024

A Vast innovation has immersed in the field of education, including the learning-teaching process in the 21st- century. Therefore teachers should be aware of new technological teaching methods while addressing 21st-century competencies since they are the pioneers in guiding students towards the future of our nation. Among them, the flipped classroom approach (FC) is a popular pedagogical practice providing opportunities for students to encounter self-learning experiences in the technological era. The main purpose of this study was to find out the perceptions of the mathematic teacher about FC towards 21st-century skills. In order to collect data,the survey research design was used and the questionnaire was administrated to 244 mathematics teachers, from the Galle education division . Data were analyzed quantitativelyby using SPSS (Version 25) software. It was revealed that 75.8% of the sample were in the view that the FC approach can monitor students’ creativity when learning mathematics. In addition, 82.1% of teachers stated that FC can promote students’ communicative skills and 75% stated that students acquire critical thinking skills by sharing knowledge with their peers through Smart Computing. Also, 81.7% of the teachers agreed that FC enhanced face-to-face discussions for actual collaborative applications for students. The findings also revealed that no statistically significant differences at (α≤ 0.05) on the total degree of perceptions of FC towards the 21st-century skills due to gender since (0.125) is more than (0.05). On the other hand, many teachers (61.2%) disagreed that students become independent from the teacher in the flipped classroom, as students acquire a (a lot of data ) large amount of information through technology and engage in critical thinking before entering the classroom. The study results demonstrated that the sample was well aware of the importance of the FC approach. However, weak internet connection, ignorance of social platforms, insufficient technological resources, negative attitudes of teachers and lack of teacher training were identified as barriers to implement the flipped classroom approach in Sri Lankan schools. Therefore, practice-oriented strategies should be used to improve mathematics teacher implementation of the flipped classroom approach in Sri Lanka.
The Regulations for the Formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flat Units (PPPSRS) Create Justice
Authors: Krisnanto Bonar P. , Wibowo Basuki Rekso , Hasibuan Fauzie Yusuf
Published: March 2024

The formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS) has an important role in encouraging a fair and equitable legal mechanism for Owners and Residents of Flats Units. However, in terms of the formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS), the implementation of Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats is still not optimal, as evidenced by the rampant conflict between owners and residents of flats with developers caused by developer interference in terms of formation and decisions made by the PPPSRS dispatcher. The weak supervision of apartment developers makes it freer to master the management of flats where it has been regulated that developers manage temporary flats, which is a maximum of 1 (one) year starting from the handover of apartment units. The research method used in writing this dissertation is the normative juridical research method, which is research that focuses and examines the application of rules and norms in positive law. Using the theory of Justice by John Rawls as the grand theory, the Organ Theory by Otto von Gierke as the middle range theory and the theory of Agreement by Subekti as the applied theory. The results showed that the implementation of the agreement between the owners and residents of the current apartment units in practice is not in accordance with what is regulated in Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats because each interprets a rule based on its importance. as stipulated in Article 59. The transition period is calculated from where the handover is first, because many have received units for more than 5 (five) years, however, PPPSRS has not yet been formed due to the reluctance of developers to facilitate the formation of PPPSRS. For this reason, the author suggests that the government needs to be present to overcome the problems in the Agreement of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS) both in its formation and implementation, so that a special institution is needed under the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing which oversees PPPSRS called the Flats Protection and Supervision Agency (BPPRS). For this reason, it is necessary to change the construction of Article 5 paragraph (2) of Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats which stipulates the Flats Protection and Supervision Agency (BPPRS) as the Government representative responsible for the implementation of Flats.
Implementation of Road Equipment Installation in South Sumatera Province (Case Study of Installation of Street Lighting Equipment on the Betung – BTS Section, Palembang City)
Authors: Bantoro Dedy , Suatmiati Sri , Wardhana Arief Wisnu
Published: March 2024

Road infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the development and functionality of urban areas, and installing road equipment, such as street lighting, is crucial for ensuring safety and accessibility. This study focuses on the implementation of road equipment installation, with a specific case study of installing street lighting equipment on the Betung – BTS section in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. The research employs a comprehensive approach, combining technical assessments, project management analysis, and stakeholder engagement evaluations. It examines the planning and design phases of the street lighting installation, considering factors such as traffic patterns, safety requirements, and energy efficiency. The study also investigates the procurement process for the equipment, including vendor selection, quality control, and cost management. Furthermore, the research evaluates the installation process, including on-site challenges, coordination among involved parties, and adherence to established timelines. The effectiveness of the installed street lighting equipment in enhancing road safety and urban aesthetics is assessed through field observations and community feedback. The findings of this study aim to provide insights into the best practices and challenges encountered during the implementation of road equipment projects, mainly focusing on street lighting in the Betung – BTS section. Recommendations derived from the research contribute to optimizing future road equipment installations in South Sumatra Province, emphasizing the importance of efficient project management, technical considerations, and community engagement in achieving sustainable and safe urban infrastructure development.
Implementation of the Supervisory Function of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia on the Protection of Copyright of Musical Works Based on Law Number 28 of 2014
Authors: Wisnu Wijaya Andi , Suatmiati Sri , Latif Mahfuz Abdul
Published: March 2024

This study explores the practical application of the supervisory function vested in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia concerning safeguarding copyright for musical works, as delineated by Law Number 28 of 2014. The primary focus lies in assessing the effectiveness of the regulatory framework in place to protect the intellectual property rights of creators in the music industry. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating legal analysis, policy evaluation, and case studies to gauge the implementation of Law Number 28 of 2014. It investigates the Ministry's role in overseeing the enforcement of copyright protection measures, addressing challenges faced, and proposing potential improvements to enhance the efficacy of the supervisory function. Key aspects under scrutiny include the Ministry's mechanisms for monitoring copyright infringement, facilitating legal recourse for rights holders, and fostering collaboration between stakeholders in the music industry. Additionally, the study explores the adaptation of supervisory practices to technological advancements, such as digital platforms and online distribution channels, which pose unique challenges to copyright protection. The findings aim to provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the current supervisory framework, offering recommendations for legislative adjustments, administrative enhancements, and collaborative initiatives. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on intellectual property protection in the context of the evolving landscape of the music industry in Indonesia, seeking to fortify the legal infrastructure for the benefit of creators, consumers, and the broader cultural ecosystem.
Influence of Taekwondo Training as a Martial Art Sport on Enhancing Mental Wellness of Security Officers in Kenya
Authors: Gathoni Benson , Munayi Simon , Rotich Jonathan Kimatai , Njuno Antony Ndamberi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not training in taekwondo as a martial art sport has a positive impact on the mental health of Kenyan security officers.

Methodology: The study used a desk top approach where literature was sought from different sources. The research was carried out with consideration given to previous theoretical literature, both published and unpublished.

Findings: Problems with mental wellness is a serious societal and work related issue that has numerous ramifications, including far-reaching social and economic impact in Kenyan security officers. However, a significant number of security officers do not seek help when they are experiencing issues with their mental wellness. Research in this area is scant, but there are suggestions that training in Taekwondo as martial arts sport may be an effective sports-based intervention for mental wellness, and that it may provide an affordable alternative to psychological therapy to security officers both public and private.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Uncertainty regarding the validity and trustworthiness of previous research is unfortunately caused by the limited number of studies that are relevant to the topic at hand, in addition to other methodological issues.
Genus Xanthium (Asteraceae) in flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Russia)
Authors: Khapugin Anatoliy A. , Esina Irina G. , Mayorov Sergey R.
Published: March 2024

The history of Xanthium genus research in a protected area in European Russia (Mordovia State Nature Reserve) has been reviewed based on available data (herbarium collections, publications, archive of Chronicles of Nature). We found that X. strumarium was the only species, which has been mentioned in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve since 1939. However, the overview of available data allowed us to conclude that all Xanthium plants found in this protected area to date belong to Xanthium orientale, an invasive alien species.
Notes on distribution, habitats and biology of two little-known leafrollers in the Balkans (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Zlatkov Boyan , Uzunov Dimitar
Published: March 2024

Dichrorampha dinarica and Cydia suffuscana are known from their type localities only, and apart from the period of the imaginal stage, no data on their biology are known. Dichrorampha dinarica was discovered in Tomor Mountain (Albania), at a relatively long distance from its type locality. The moths were swept from inflorescences of Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. (Asteraceae) in the base of 61.2 Alpine calcareous screes (CORINE Biotopes). The larval host plant of C. suffuscana was revealed: it is Lunaria annua L. (Brassicaceae), while all other closely related species from the C. succedana group feed on various Fabaceae. The habitat of the moth after CORINE Biotopes is the margin of 41.45 Thermophilous Alpine and peri-Alpine mixed lime forests. The moths and their habitats are described and illustrated.
Perilaku Lansia Penderita Diabetes Mellitus di Pedesaan
Authors: Fijianto Dwi , Rejeki Herni , Wirotomo Tri Sakti , Rofiqoh Siti , Faradisi Firman , Aktifah Nurul
Published: March 2024

Angka kejadian Diabetes Mellitus (DM) di dunia memiliki kecenderungan meningkat setiap tahun.Peningkatan di Negara berkembang meningkat 2 kali lebih banyak, peningkatan kejadian DM tidakhanya di wilayah perkotaan saja, tetapi juga di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui perilaku lansia penderita penyakit DM di Pedesaan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Rancanganpenelitian adalah cross sectional dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tekhnikpurposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan analisis univariat untuk mengetahui perilaku lansiapenderita DM di Pedesaan di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Jumlah responden diperoleh sebanyak 124yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu lansia dengan riwayat penyakit diabetes mellituslebih dari 1 tahun dan lansia yang mampu berkomunkasi secara verbal dan kooperatif.Hasil penelitian didapatkan perilaku lansia penderita DM di pedesaan Kabupaten Pekalonganadalah perilaku merokok setiap hari sebesar 30,65%, perilaku tidak pernah melakukan aktifitas fisiksebesar 66,94%, dan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan manis sebesar 41,94%. Dapat disimpulkanbahwa perilaku lansia penderita DM di pedesaan di Kabupaten Pekalongan merupakan perilakuyang tidak sehat, peneliti berharap perawat komunitas agar tetap memperhatikan danmemberdayakan keluarga yang memiliki lansia agar dapat membantu dan merubah perilaku yangtidak sehat pada lansia agar kualitas kehidupan lansia penderita DM menjadi lebih optimal.
Design and Development of an Automatic Material Handling System Using PLC for 40 kg Load Capacity
Authors: Mr. Navale Vaibhav Punjahari  , Mr. Gawali Satyam Nivrutti  , Ms. Nimase Kajal Shivaji  , Mr Tambat Shubham Narayan  , Prof. Lukare Yamaji Vishwanath
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the design and development of an automatic material handling system utilizing a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) capable of efficiently managing loads up to 40 kg. The system integrates various components including Schneider PLC with corresponding data cables, proximity and photoelectric sensors with a detection distance of 4mm, servo motors operating at a speed of 60-100 RPM, a 24V DC power supply unit (input: 230V, output: 24V DC), Siemens MCB for circuit protection, Elmex connectors for terminal connections, Phoenix Contact Glass Relays operating at 230V AC, and numeric keypad push buttons with an input supply of 4-5V. The integration of these components ensures reliable operation and efficient handling of materials within the specified load capacity. This research contributes to the advancement of automated material handling systems, offering potential applications across various industries
IoT Based Smart Poultry Farm Establish A Climate-Smart, Sustainable Food Economy
Authors: Turkane Swadesh Ankush  , Varpe Swapnil Somnath  , Ughade Vishal Maruti  , Prof. Sahane S.T.
Published: March 2024

IoT based Smart Poultry Farm will give a hassle free and better observation experience to the user of the Poultry Farm. This system will make use of the sensors and microcontroller unit to perform the said operations of feeding, water supply and temperature- humidity observation which are the main causes for any kind of epidemic or diseases for poultry birds. Introducing IoT in the system will benefit in providing ease of operation as well as real time data observation through internet to the user. Keywords: Microcontroller Unit, Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), Poultry Farm, , Sensors, Temperature and Humidity.
Optimal Operation in Sectorized Networks with Intermittent Water Distribution
Authors: Souza Rui Gabriel , Brentan Bruno , Meirelles Gustavo , Bezzera Daniel
Published: March 2024

The deterioration of water distribution infrastructure over the years, associated with an increase in demand and seasonal droughts can lead to an intermittent operation of the system, as the consumers cannot be supplied with a minimum pressure. The lack of investments to rehabilitate the system can be limited, and in this scenario, the intermittent water supply become a normal operation. This scenario difficulties even more the recovery of the continuous supply, as the expenses for water production increase and the revenue decrease. Thus, strategies to achieve an optimal operation in these conditions are fundamental to overcome this critical period in the best way possible. Two main objectives have to be set: minimize the operational costs, that can be described by the energy consumption in pumping stations and the volume of water lost in leakages, and, maximize water demand supplied to the consumers. Avoiding the supply during night periods, when the pressure remains high, naturally reduces the leakage volume lost. However, as the system is not operated 24h per day, it is expected a different pattern of consumption, with higher peaks during the supply period. This can lead to a significant increase in the power required by the pumps, as its head have to be higher to overcome the increased headlosses. Thus, this paper proposes an optimal operation of water distribution networks based on the scheduling of supply to different sectors of the network. This strategy aims to control the increase of the headlosses, as only part of the consumers will be supplied during a period of the day. Thus, the main pipes will not be overloaded and the power required for the pumping stations will remain low. The proposed procedure first divides the network into sub-systems using a k-means algorithm. Then, with the number of sub-systems defined, an optimal scheduling of their supply will be done. Each sub-system can have different time periods of supply, as bigger sub-system will require a higher water volume to be supplied. In addition, the pumps will be select to optimize the operation, and for each period, their rotational speed will be optimized to minimize the operational costs. The same number of sub-systems will be considered for the number of pumps in the pumping station, so adequate pumps can be selected to supply each sector. PSO algorithm will be used to optimize the operation.
Comparison of second and third order algorithms for steady state resolution of water distribution networks
Authors: Creaco Enrico , Di Nardo Armando , Iervolino Michele , Santonastaso Giovanni Francesco
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the comparison of second and third order algorithms for steady state resolution of water distribution networks (WDNs). The algorithms are obtained by using the direct outflow/pressure relationship and linearizing the global equations using the Newton Raphson method. The increase in the order of convergence from quadratic to cubic is obtained by refining system matrices at half Newton Raphson step. Two variants are considered for the third order algorithm, differing in the evaluation of the matrix expressing the derivative of the outflow/pressure relationship at WDN nodes: the derivative is evaluated analytically and numerically for the first and second versions, respectively. Specifically, the numerical evaluation is obtained by using outflow and head values that are available at the half Newton Raphson step. The results of applications to five case studies of increasing complexity point out that the third order algorithm converges in a smaller number of iterations than the second order algorithm. The third order algorithm with numerical evaluation of the derivative of the outflow/pressure relationship gives significant benefits in terms of convergence performance when the service pressure range for passing from no outflow to full outflow conditions at WDN nodes is small. All the algorithms developed in this work will be considered for implementation inside the SWANP version 4.0 software
Multi-leak detection and isolation in water distribution networks
Authors: Blesa Joaquim , Alves Debora , Duviella Eric , Rajaoarisoa Lala
Published: March 2024

Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) are complex systems that faces the challenge of detecting and locating water leaks in the system as quickly as possible due to the need for an efficient operation that satisfies the growing world demand for water. This paper introduces an entirely data-driven leak detection and localization method based on flow and pressure analysis. The method can be divided into leak detection when the fusion data of the flow and pressure measurements are studied, thus obtaining the instant where the leak starts and if there is more than one simultaneous leak (multi-leak) occurring in the network. The second part is the leak localization using the fusion of the pressure residues by applying the radial base function (RBF) interpolation to obtain the network zone with the highest leak probability. The method is validated using the L-TOWN benchmark proposed at the Battle of the Leakage Detection and Isolation Methods (BattLeDIM) 2020 challenge.
Dual estimation of iron oxide deposition on drinking water PVC pipes using calibrated turbidity data and brightfield microscopy in a full-scale laboratory system
Authors: Sass Braga Artur , Filion Yves
Published: March 2024

The assessment of accumulated sediments inside drinking water pipes is an important step for determining the risk of water quality deterioration for a sector of a distribution network and for scheduling the required maintenance activities that minimize this risk. Water utilities and researchers have traditionally used turbidity data collected during flushing operations to quantify the discolouration potential in isolated pipe lengths. Flushing has an elevated cost of specialized personnel, consumes large quantities of drinking water, and offers poor information about sediment conditions prior to mobilization (e.g. structure, position on the pipes). The last problem must be overcome by gaining a better understanding of the processes driving material accumulation, which might help in the development of strategies to prevent sediment deposits. In addition, a complex relationship between turbidity and SSC also makes it difficult to accurately translate turbidity units (NTU) into physical units of concentration (e.g. mg/L). This paper aims to consolidate the macroscopic estimations of sediment deposits in drinking water pipes using turbidity data and to propose a microscopic complement that provides richer data about sediment deposits at the pipe wall. The research was developed through a controlled experiment using a full-scale PVC pipe system that mimics the operational conditions of drinking water distribution systems. In the experiments, the drinking water was amended with iron oxide particles that progressively adhered to the pipe walls during 30 days of steady flow conditioning. After the conditioning period, the pipes were flushed to mobilize the sediment deposits. The SSC of water samples collected during the experiments were used to produce translation factors for the online turbidity data. Macroscopic sediment loads were estimated based on the difference between suspended sediments at the inlet and outlet of the pipe loop, while microscopic loads were estimated through the direct observation of particles on pipe wall samples using automated brightfield microscopy. Physical metrics were proposed to adequately represent the sediment load data. Results from the turbidity data analysis produced insights about the impacts of experimental conditions on the SSC translation factors, while microscopy images allowed a detailed assessment of particles deposited on the pipe walls including information about their particle size distribution and dispersion.
Model fast deposition of fine iron oxide particles on PVC pipe mains during the passage of a suspended particle plume in a full-scale laboratory system
Authors: Sass Braga Artur , Filion Yves
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to investigate the interplay of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and the fluid velocity that are both responsible for the rapid formation of sediments deposits in a full-scale laboratory system with PVC pipes. The specific objectives of the paper were to: (1) estimate the average rate of iron oxide particle deposition on PVC pipes immediately after the rapid release, and during the passage of, a highly-concentrated plume of iron oxide particles that typifies discolouration events in real systems; (2) determine whether previously deposited particles on the pipe wall from the passage of previous iron oxide particle plumes affect the average rate of iron oxide deposition and attachment to the pipe wall. Experiments were realized in a test facility that mimics the operation of drinking water systems using a special design method to accurately inoculate and detect the passage of iron oxide particles through the pipes under steady flow conditions commonly found in water networks. The experiments consisted of the passage of 3 sequential waves of particles, tested for three different SSC and three different flow velocities. The results showed that increasing the inlet water quality conditions and the concentration of the particulate plume tended to increase the total deposited load while fluid velocity had a negligeable impact on the total deposited load. The results also showed that both an increase of concentration and fluid velocity produced an increase in the average deposition rate, and that this was mainly caused by the shorter conditioning period of the experiments at higher velocities. Further, the experimental results did not show any change in average particle deposition rate and attachment across the three plumes. This suggests that the presence of particle deposits from previous plumes had a negligible impact on particle deposition and attachment.
An improved control strategy for high-pressure pumping irrigation systems
Authors: Wang Ye , Zhao Qi , Weyer Erik , Wu Wenyan , Simpson Angus , Willis Ailsa
Published: March 2024

Pumped irrigation systems are critical infrastructure that supply water from water sources to rural users through interconnected pressurized water pipes. To supply enough pressure head to all the irrigation outlets located in the irrigation network, it is required to have an appropriately high pressure head supplied by the pump station. Therefore, the energy consumption related to pumping could be correspondingly high, which may lead to significant operating costs. With the aid of real-time flow data available from each irrigation outlet, the proposed improved pump head setpoint selection algorithm can locate the most critical outlet in terms of the smallest downstream pressure head and therefore guarantee to deliver the minimum pressure required for all active outlets in the network. By using the proposed algorithm, it has been demonstrated with a two-day simulation that a 4.74% savings in pumping energy cost as well as a reduction in the associated greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved.
Measuring drinking water temperature changes in a distribution network
Authors: Blokker Mirjam , Van Summeren Joost , Van Laarhoven Karel
Published: March 2024

During distribution the drinking water temperature changes due to the temperature of the soil surrounding the drinking water distribution network (DWDN). A drinking water temperature below 25 °C at the tap is required to meet Legionella prevention standards and/or drinking water standards. With climate change, urbanisation and the energy transition towards more district heating networks, the urban subsurface will heat up further, and more exceedances of the 25 °C threshold are expected.To understand the effectiveness of various measures to keep drinking water temperature below the threshold a modelling approach was followed. The drinking water temperature model (WTM) calculates drinking water temperatures at each customer from a hydraulic network model and heat conduction from the outside of the pipe wall, where the soil temperature is kept constant and the soil is thus assumed to be an infinite heat source. The WTM was validated with measurements in a DWDN on relatively small diameters (150 mm or smaller) and at locations far enough from the source so that equilibrium with the soil temperature was already reached (i.e. the influence of residence time was not validated). In reality, the soil is not an infinite heat source, but is affected by the drinking water temperature. We therefor developed an enhanced WTM (called WTM+) which uses an extra insulation layer (of soil material) around the drinking water pipe to account for the soil which is affected by the drinking water temperature. In order to determine a suitable length scale for this extra insulation layer, and to validate the WTM+, we measured drinking water temperatures in two real case studies.Case study 1 is a single 1 km pipe where we manipulated flows, and thus residence time. Case study 2 is a DWDN with a variation in diameters and residence times. Designing and executing these measurements proved to be quite a challenge. In case study 1 the incoming drinking water temperatures and soil temperatures were not stable during the three weeks of measurements. The temperature changed typically less than 1.5 °C over 1 km, and the sensors had a resolution of only 0.1 °C. In case study 2 the measurements were done on a single day (morning, and repeated in the afternoon), and were quite stable. The drinking water temperature changed up to 8 °C over the course of the residence time. However, as the DWDN hydraulic network model is never perfect, the residence times are not all known accurately, and the surrounding soil temperatures, that may have varied quite a lot over the DWDN, were not measured. Nevertheless, the case studies did prove to be suitable for validating the WTM+, including the effect of residence time.
Advancing towards semi-automatic labeling of GPR images to improve visualizations of pipes and leaks in water distribution networks using multi-agent systems and machine learning techniques
Authors: Stanton Gemma , Ayala-Cabrera David
Published: March 2024

Critical infrastructures such as water distribution networks (WDNs) require reliable and affordable information at a reasonable cost to address challenges that can negatively affect their operation. Inadequate knowledge about WDN assets and their state of health presents challenges for essential activities such as network modeling, operation, assessment, and maintenance. This work seeks to increase the availability of WDN asset data through improved interpretability of GPR images. The semi-automatic labeling approach presented here expands upon existing multi-agent image-cleaning methods and feature characterization techniques. The division of a pre-processed image, in the form of a matrix, into a grid of smaller blocks allowed the identification of relevant features using density of nonzero values in the blocks; this approach, conducted manually in this proof of concept, can provide a basis for training an intelligent system (e.g., a convolutional neural network) to extract the families of interest and eliminate noise. Thus, this research expands this methodology to advance towards automatic detection of pipes and leaks and easily visualize the data. In this paper, 3D visualizations of WDN assets have been created to demonstrate the usefulness of this semi-automatic process in delivering easily-interpretable GPR data for managers and operators of WDNs.
Discovering Differences in Iron and Manganese Behaviour in Service Reservoirs
Authors: Doronina Anastasia , Husband Stewart , Boxall Joby , Speight Vanessa
Published: March 2024

Service reservoirs (SRs) are crucial components in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In the UK, regulatory monitoring is conducted infrequently at SR outlets and for disinfectant residual and bacteriological indicators only, providing limited information on SR performance and its effect on drinking water quality. In this research, long term monitoring at the inlet and outlet of multiple SRs across the UK for various water quality parameters, and analysis of accumulated material collected from SRs during maintenance activities, provided valuable information on iron and manganese behaviour in these assets. Results showed that a lower proportion of iron appears to be retained within SRs in comparison to manganese. These findings challenge the understanding of how water quality risks posed by iron and manganese (e.g., discolouration) manifest in SRs and this knowledge can be used to help inform a targeted approach specific to SRs for the proactive management of those risks.
Biokinetic and Artificial Intelligence Models for the Simulation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Seshan Siddharth , Poinapen Johann , Van Lier Jules B. , Kapelan Zoran
Published: March 2024

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered a potent and very harmful greenhouse gas (GHG), and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered a potent source of it.  Predicting N2O emissions is a first step in reducing these. One way of doing this is by using a process-based biokinetic model, based on Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) that have been extended to include the N2O production pathways. Alternatively, data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) models can  be used  to predict N2O emissions. In this paper, a biokinetic model has been built and calibrated for the Amsterdam West WWTP (1.1 Million PE; 168 MLD), using the EnviroSim software, BioWin®. A comprehensive monitoring campaign was conducted to characterise the common quality parameters (COD, TKN, TP, TSS, etc.) into their fractions, which were then used as BioWin model inputs. The calibration was conducted in two stages to predict effluent quality followed by model calibration to predict N2O emissions. Additionally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model was developed using pertinent process parameters, such as the influent flowrate, and NH4 in the aerobic tank as inputs to predict the N2O concentration in the gas phase. Preliminary results demonstrate that the ANN model outperforms the BioWin model in terms of prediction accuracy. Still further work is required to better understand the pros and cons of the two modelling approaches.