bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using highly resolved maximum gust speed as predictor for forest storm damage caused by the high‐impact winter storm Lothar in Southwest Germany
Authors: Schindler Dirk , Jung Christopher , Buchholz Alexander
Published: July 2016

Results from a newly available empirical maximum gust speed model were evaluated for their predictive power of forest storm damage caused by the high‐impact winter storm ‘Lothar’ in the German federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg. In this state, Lothar was the most severe storm event of the last decades, causing nearly 30 million m3 of damaged timber. By applying a least squares boosting procedure, daily maximum gust speed values measured at 28 meteorological stations were used to empirically model highly resolved (50 × 50 m) near‐surface gust speed fields associated with Lothar. Gust speed was modelled using terrain‐ and roughness‐related variables as predictors. The modelled gust speed fields were then used as input to an empirical forest storm damage model. To build the damage model, the machine learning method random forests was applied. Results from this study demonstrate that the empirically modelled maximum gust speed field associated with Lothar was the most important predictor variable for forest storm damage at the landscape scale. Modelled maximum gust speed was nearly twice as important as all other available predictor variables. The medians of classified proportions of storm‐damaged timber quasi‐linearly increased with increasing maximum gust speed.
Understanding the ‘Anorexic Voice’ in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Pugh Matthew , Waller Glenn
Published: July 2016

In common with individuals experiencing a number of disorders, people with anorexia nervosa report experiencing an internal ‘voice’. The anorexic voice comments on the individual's eating, weight and shape and instructs the individual to restrict or compensate. However, the core characteristics of the anorexic voice are not known. This study aimed to develop a parsimonious model of the voice characteristics that are related to key features of eating disorder pathology and to determine whether patients with anorexia nervosa fall into groups with different voice experiences. The participants were 49 women with full diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. Each completed validated measures of the power and nature of their voice experience and of their responses to the voice. Different voice characteristics were associated with current body mass index, duration of disorder and eating cognitions. Two subgroups emerged, with ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’ voice experiences. Those with stronger voices were characterized by having more negative eating attitudes, more severe compensatory behaviours, a longer duration of illness and a greater likelihood of having the binge–purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. The findings indicate that the anorexic voice is an important element of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Addressing the anorexic voice might be helpful in enhancing outcomes of treatments for anorexia nervosa, but that conclusion might apply only to patients with more severe eating psychopathology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Experiences of an internal ‘anorexic voice’ are common in anorexia nervosa.

Clinicians should consider the role of the voice when formulating eating pathology in anorexia nervosa, including how individuals perceive and relate to that voice.

Addressing the voice may be beneficial, particularly in more severe and enduring forms of anorexia nervosa.

When working with the voice, clinicians should aim to address both the content of the voice and how individuals relate and respond to it.
Biogeography of dinoflagellate cysts in northwest Atlantic estuaries
Authors: Price Andrea M. , Pospelova Vera , Coffin Michael R. S. , Latimer James S. , Chmura Gail L.
Published: July 2016

Few biogeographic studies of dinoflagellate cysts include the near‐shore estuarine environment. We determine the effect of estuary type, biogeography, and water quality on the spatial distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Northeast USA (Maine to Delaware) and Canada (Prince Edward Island). A total of 69 surface sediment samples were collected from 27 estuaries, from sites with surface salinities >20. Dinoflagellate cysts were examined microscopically and compared to environmental parameters using multivariate ordination techniques. The spatial distribution of cyst taxa reflects biogeographic provinces established by other marine organisms, with Cape Cod separating the northern Acadian Province from the southern Virginian Province. Species such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Polysphaeridinium zoharyi were found almost exclusively in the Virginian Province, while others such as Dubridinium spp. and Islandinium? cezare were more abundant in the Acadian Province. Tidal range, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) are statistically significant parameters influencing cyst assemblages. Samples from the same type of estuary cluster together in canonical correspondence analysis when the estuaries are within the same biogeographic province. The large geographic extent of this study, encompassing four main estuary types (riverine, lagoon, coastal embayment, and fjord), allowed us to determine that the type of estuary has an important influence on cyst assemblages. Due to greater seasonal variations in SSTs and SSSs in estuaries compared to the open ocean, cyst assemblages show distinct latitudinal trends. The estuarine context is important for understanding present‐day species distribution, the factors controlling them, and to better predict how they may change in the future.
The impact of Saudi hospital accreditation on quality of care: a mixed methods study
Authors: Almasabi Mohammed , Thomas Shane
Published: July 2016

In 2005, the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) was launched in Saudi Arabia in order to improve the quality of care. By 2010, the first hospital was accredited by CBAHI, followed by many hospitals in following years. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of CBAHI on quality of care. In this study we used a mixed methods approach involving surveys, documentary analyses and semi‐structure interviews. Surveys data were collected from 669 staff. Documentary analyses included mortality, infection and length of stay. The semi‐structure interview data were gathered from 12 senior managers. Data were collected from three accredited public hospitals. Although some improvements in procedure were recognised, CBAHI does not monitor the continuity of health care delivery and had no effect on quality outcomes in our analysis. This study illustrates a need to sustain improvements over time in the accreditation cycle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to lung cancer incidence and mortality in older women: The Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Wang Ange , Qin FeiFei , Hedlin Haley , Desai Manisha , Chlebowski Rowan , Gomez Scarlett , Eaton Charles B. , Johnson Karen C. , Qi Lihong , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Womack Catherine , Wakelee Heather A. , Stefanick Marcia L.
Published: July 2016

Physical activity has been associated with lower lung cancer incidence and mortality in several populations. We investigated these relationships in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI‐OS) and Clinical Trial (WHI‐CT) prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. The WHI study enrolled 161,808 women aged 50–79 years between 1993 and 1998 at 40 U.S. clinical centers; 129,401 were eligible for these analyses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline physical activity levels [metabolic equivalent (MET)‐min/week: none <100 (reference), low 100 to <500, medium 500 to <1,200, high 1,200+] and sedentary behavior with total lung cancer incidence and mortality. Over 11.8 mean follow‐up years, 2,148 incident lung cancer cases and 1,365 lung cancer deaths were identified. Compared with no activity, higher physical activity levels at study entry were associated with lower lung cancer incidence [p = 0.009; hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for each physical activity category: low, HR: 0.86 (0.76–0.96); medium, HR: 0.82 (0.73–0.93); and high, HR: 0.90 (0.79–1.03)], and mortality [p < 0.0001; low, HR: 0.80 (0.69–0.92); medium, HR: 0.68 (0.59–0.80); and high, HR: 0.78 (0.66–0.93)]. Body mass index (BMI) modified the association with lung cancer incidence (p = 0.01), with a stronger association in women with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Significant associations with sedentary behavior were not observed. In analyses by lung cancer subtype, higher total physical activity levels were associated with lower lung cancer mortality for both overall NSCLC and adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, physical activity may be protective for lung cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women, particularly in non‐obese women.
Late Endosomal Recycling of Open MHC‐I Conformers
Authors: Mahmutefendić Hana , Blagojević Zagorac Gordana , Grabušić Kristina , Karleuša Ljerka , Maćešić Senka , Momburg Frank , Lučin Pero
Published: July 2016

With an increasing number of endosomal cargo molecules studied, it is becoming clear that endocytic routes are diverse, and the cell uses more pathways to adjust expression of cell surface proteins. Intracellular itinerary of integral membrane proteins that avoid the early endosomal recycling route is not enough studied. Therefore, we studied endocytic trafficking of empty Ld (eLd) molecules, an open form of murine MHC‐I allele, in fibroblast‐like cells. Pulse labeling of cell surface eLd with mAbs and internalization kinetics suggest two steps of endosomal recycling: rapid and late. The same kinetics was also observed for human open MHC‐I conformers. Kinetic modeling, using in‐house developed software for multicompartment analysis, colocalization studies and established protocols for enriched labeling of the late endosomal (LE) pool of eLd demonstrated that the late step of recycling occurs from an LE compartment. Although the majority of eLd distributed into pre‐degradative multivesicular bodies (MVBs), these LE subsets were not a source for eLd recycling. The LE recycling of eLd did not require Rab7 membrane domains, as demonstrated by Rab7‐silencing, but required vectorial LE motility, suggesting that LE recycling occurs from dynamic tubulovesicular LE domains prior segregation of eLd in MVBs. Thus, our study indicates that LE system should not be simply considered as a feeder for loading of the degradative tract of the cell but also as a feeder for loading of the plasma membrane and thereby contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of plasma membrane proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 872–887, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nestin Expressed by Pre‐Existing Cardiomyocytes Recapitulated in Part an Embryonic Phenotype; Suppressive Role of p38 MAPK
Authors: Meus Marc‐Andre , Hertig Vanessa , Villeneuve Louis , Jasmin Jean‐Francois , Calderone Angelino
Published: July 2016

Nestin(+)‐cardiomyocytes were identified in the ischemically damaged human/rodent heart, albeit the cellular source, and signaling events implicated in the appearance of the intermediate filament protein remained undefined. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by the second intron of the nestin gene identified a subpopulation of EGFP/nestin(+) cells that differentiated to a vascular phenotype in the peri‐infarct/infarct region of post‐MI mice albeit the transgene was not detected in nestin(+)‐cardiomyocytes. α‐MHC‐driven expression of the reporter mCherry was detected in troponin‐T(+)‐ and nestin(+)‐cardiomyocytes in the peri‐infarct/infarct region of post‐MI mice. However, the cell cycle re‐entry of nestin/mCherry(+)‐cardiomyocytes was not observed. Nestin staining was identified in a paucity of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NNVM). Exposure to phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu) induced NNVM hypertrophy but did not promote nestin expression or Brdu incorporation. PDBu treatment of NNVMs phosphorylated p38 MAPK and HSP27 and HSP27 phosphorylation was abrogated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. PDBu/SB203580 co‐treatment significantly increased the percentage of NNVMs that expressed nestin and incorporated Brdu. In the heart of embryonic 10.5 day mice, nestin immunoreactivity was observed in cycling troponin‐T(+)‐cardiomyocytes. Nestin was also detected in embryonic rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and depletion of the intermediate filament protein attenuated cell cycle re‐entry. Thus, nestin expressed by pre‐existing cardiomyocytes following ischemic damage recapitulated in part an embryonic trait and may provide the requisite phenotype to initiate cell cycle re‐entry. However, the overt activation of the p38 MAPK pathway post‐MI may in part limit the appearance and inhibit the cell cycle re‐entry of nestin(+)‐cardiomyocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1717–1727, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The variability of maximum wind gusts in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2014
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Hostýnek Jiří , Řezníčková Ladislava , Zahradníček Pavel , Tolasz Radim , Dobrovolný Petr , Štěpánek Petr
Published: July 2016

This contribution employs instrumental records to analyse the temporal and spatial variability of monthly, seasonal and annual maximum wind gusts (MWGs) in the Czech Republic. The development of an observation network capable of measuring wind gusts, the possible technical weaknesses of wind measurements and problems with establishing homogeneity in wind‐gust data are described. For the 1961–2014 period, quality‐checked data from 19 synoptic stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute throughout the territory of the Czech Republic are examined, divided into three altitudinal groups. In terms of the spatial variability ofMWGs, correlation coefficients between stations decrease more strongly in relation to station distance rather than altitude. Spatial correlations are better expressed (by higher correlation coefficients) in the winter half‐year than in the summer half‐year. Linear trends in monthly, seasonal and annualMWGsfor the 19 synoptic stations, for their three altitudinal groups, and for the entire Czech Republic show statistically significant decreases (deepest in November and autumn), with the exception of spring (for stations above 300 m) and summer. The 10 highestMWGevents of all are selected. The spatial distribution of wind gusts for two prominent windstorms, Kyrill (18–19 January 2007) and Emma (1–2 March 2008), are presented. Changes inMWGsseries are compared with fluctuations in atmospheric circulation responding to the North Atlantic Oscillation. DecreasingMWGtrends are discussed with respect to diminishing storminess and surface wind speeds (wind stilling) recorded during recent decades in Europe, as well as over other continents.
Foamed bleomycin sclerosis of airway venous malformations: The role of interspecialty collaboration
Authors: Azene Ezana , Mitchell Sally , Radvany Martin , Agrawal Nishant , Eisele David , Weiss Clifford
Published: July 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To assess clinical outcomes of patients with airway venous malformations treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy (VMPS). We highlight the role of foamed bleomycin as a less inflammatory sclerosant and the importance of collaboration between interventional radiology and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS).

Study Design

Retrospective, consecutive, single‐center series.

Methods

Sixteen airway VMPS treatment sessions were performed (5 patients). Endoscopic needle guidance was performed by OHNS. Sclerosants included ethanol and foamed bleomycin. The following data were tabulated for each patient: hospital length of stay (LOS), clinical response, and the presence/absence of airway swelling requiring prolonged intubation. Univariate analysis was performed. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Thirty‐one percent (5 of 16) of treatments required endoscopic guidance. Eighty‐seven percent (7 of 8) of airway VMs treated with ethanol caused significant airway swelling compared to 0% (0 of 8) of airway VMs treated with bleomycin (P = 0.0004). The LOS was significantly greater for ethanol (5 ± 0.3 days) than for bleomycin (1 day, P = 0.001). Ninety‐four percent (15 of 16) of airway VM treatments had at least a partial clinical response. There was no significant difference in clinical response between ethanol and bleomycin (P = 0.30).

Conclusion

Endoscopic and image‐guided needle placement may be necessary to treat deep airway VMs. Bleomycin may cause less significant airway swelling than ethanol. This may reduce hospital LOS and prolonged intubation. Our results should be interpreted with caution because this is a very small retrospective study. Additional investigation is needed to establish safety and efficacy of foamed bleomycin.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2726–2732, 2016
Direct Correlation Between Zeta Potential and Cellular Uptake of Poly(methacrylic acid) Post‐Modified with Guanidinium Functionalities
Authors: Khine Yee Yee , Callari Manuela , Lu Hongxu , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: July 2016

Cellular uptake is identified as one of the key parameters to the successful delivery of drugs into cancer cells. In this study, the effect of the ratio of negative and positive charges on a polymer on the amount of uptake is studied. Poly(methacrylic acid), prepared by RAFT polymerization, is post‐functionalized with agmatine in water to various degrees. When agmatine ratio is increased to 1, the conjugation efficiency is observed to be ≈63% indicating potentially some steric hindrance or excessive repulsion by the positive charged guanidinium functionality. The resulting zeta potential, ranging from −40 to −14 mV, is in linear correlation with the degree of functionalization. The resulting polymers are found to be non‐toxic to A2780 ovarian cancer cells. The cellular uptake is subsequently studied by laser scanning confocal fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and by analysis of the fluorescence intensity of the remaining solution after incubation with A2780 ovarian cancer cells. An almost linear relationship between zeta potential and cellular uptake is observed.

image
Development of a hybrid model for the prediction of shape deviations in milling
Authors: Gulpak M. , Sölter J.
Published: July 2016

The productivity in machining of high precision components is limited among others by the achievable geometric accuracy. Shape deviations arise due to several mechanisms of which residual stresses and a varying material removal due to thermal expansion have been incorporated in a proposed hybrid model. The model is based on two initially separated sub models which require a set of experimentally obtained input parameters. Both sub models utilize the finite element method. Sub model 1 calculates the mechanic response of the workpiece loaded with a near surface residual stress field (source stresses) resulting from the interaction of tool and workpiece. Sub model 2 calculates the thermal expansion of the workpiece utilising a three‐dimensional simulation of a moving surface heat source. The resulting inhomogeneous material removal is superimposed with the calculated shape deviations from sub model 1. This work focuses on distortion caused by machining induced residual stresses which are modelled as source stresses (sub model 1). These so called source stresses can be calculated directly from the bending and torsion of machined specimens and represent the distortion potential of the face milling process. The results demonstrate a pronounced correlation between the obtained source stresses and the width of cut ae. They further indicate that a separation of the effects resulting from the removal of material containing workpiece inherent residual stresses and from the newly generated residual stresses in the machined surface layer is required for the calculation of machining induced residual stresses.
Place Out of Place: a Pohnpeian Chiefdom in Kansas City
Authors: Hubbard Charles A
Published: July 2016

This article describes the formation of the Kansas City area as a section in the Pohnpeian sociopolitical system. Pohnpeian chiefdoms are traditionally marked out as ‘sections’ of land on the island of Pohnpei. Pohnpeians’ connection to their land is powerful and imbued with meaning but the Compact of Free Association propels Pohnpeian out‐migration to the United States. As the immigrant population of Pohnpeians in Kansas City increased, a paramount (tribal district) chief organized the ‘Section Over Heaven of Kansas City’ at the urging of collaborating Pohnpeian Kansas City residents. As the only fully functioning section outside of Pohnpei, the Kansas City section chief assigns chiefly titles, conducts tribute feasts, and incorporates the location into the Pohnpeian sociopolitical system. By integrating people and environment in meaningful ways, the Kansas City section creates a Pohnpeian place, separated from Pohnpeian land, integrated into Pohnpeian chieftainship. Pohnpeians in the United States refer to Kansas City as a Pohnpeian place in part on the basis of the paramount chief's organization of the Kansas City section.
Treatment‐related adverse events associated with a modified UK ALLR3 induction chemotherapy backbone for childhood relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sun Weili , Orgel Etan , Malvar Jemily , Sposto Richard , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Gardner Rebecca , Tolbert Vanessa P. , Smith Alison , Hur Minjun , Hoffman Jill , Rheingold Susan R. , Burke Michael J. , Wayne Alan S.
Published: July 2016

Background

The UK ALLR3 (R3) regimen has been adopted to treat pediatric relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by many centers in the United States and has become a preferred therapeutic backbone for testing novel agents in clinical trials. A detailed toxicity profile of this platform has not previously been reported. The toxicity and response rates for its use beyond first relapse are unknown.

Procedures

We performed a multi‐institutional, retrospective study including children with relapsed ALL treated with the R3 reinduction chemotherapy backbone block 1 across five pediatric centers. Data were extracted from medical records and analyzed.

Results

Fifty‐nine patients were included in the study, including 16 patients with ≥2nd relapse. Ninety‐seven percent of patients experienced at least one Grade ≥3 nonhematologic adverse event (AE). Grade 3 or higher infection was reported in 90% of patients. Other nonhematologic Grade ≥3 AEs included electrolyte abnormalities, elevation in hepatic enzymes, and pain. Eighty‐five percent of patients achieved a complete remission (CR). There were no significant differences in the incidence of AEs, CR rate, and rate of minimal residual disease negativity between patients with 1st or ≥2nd relapse.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that R3 block 1 is a highly active reinduction regimen in childhood relapsed ALL. However, it was associated with a high incidence of severe toxicities, particularly infection. The toxicity profiled in our report should be used to inform optimal supportive care and future clinical trial design with the R3 backbone, particularly when new agents are combined with this regimen.
Development of HDPE‐modified eggshell composite
Authors: Murugan Sharmeeni , Munusamy Yamuna , Muniandy Mathialagan , Ismail Hanafi
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the effects of chemical modification of chicken eggshell powder (ESP) by silane coupling agent on the tensile, morphological, and thermal properties of high density polyethylene/chicken eggshell powder (HDPE/ESP) composites. The tensile and morphological properties of HDPE/ESP composites with and without chemical modifications have been characterized by a light weight tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under different ESP loading. The compounding of composites was done using Rheomix mixture to produce a homogenous mixture of ESP in HDPE. The processing torque is very dependent on the content of HDPE matrix resin. The thermal stability and thermal analysis of the composites were performed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC). DSC result shows no significant differences on the melting and crystallization temperature of HDPE with and without chemical modification of ESP. Tensile strength and thermal stability of HDPE/ESP composites were improved with the modification of ESP by silane coupling agent. FTIR results show that ESP was successfully being modified and the silane coupling agent component is present in the composition. In the presence of silane coupling agent, the interfacial interaction and adhesion between HDPE and ESP were enhanced. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1630–1637, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Oxygen additions in serial femtosecond crystallographic protein structures
Authors: Wang Jimin
Published: July 2016

In principle, serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) could yield data sets that are completely free of the effects caused by slow, radiation‐induced chemical reactions, for example, oxygen additions, responsible for radiation damage. However, experimental evidence is presented here that SFX data sets obtained by techniques that expose different parts of the same specimen to single pulses of radiation do not have this property, even if the specimen in question is frozen. The diffraction image of each such crystal obtained with the first pulse of radiation is certain to represent the structure of a protein that has not been modified chemically, but all of the images obtained subsequently from the same crystal will represent structures that have been modified to a lesser or greater extent by oxygen additions because of the rapid diffusion of oxygenic free radicals through the specimen. The higher the level of oxygen additions a crystal suffers during data collection, the poorer the statistical quality of data set obtained from it will, and the higher the free R‐factors of the resulting structural model.
Tuning the Solid State Emission of the Carbazole and Cyano‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylene by Co‐Crystallization with Solvents
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Wei , Wang Xuedong , Wu Yishi , Liang Tongling , Hao Xiang , Fu Hongbing , Zhao Yongsheng , Zhang Deqing
Published: July 2016

Solid state emissive materials with high quantum yields and tunable emissions are desirable for various applications. A new TPE derivative (1) with two carbazole moieties and two cyano groups is reported, which shows typical aggregation induced emission behavior. Four crystals 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are obtained after crystallization from N,N‐dimethylformamid (DMF), trichloromethane (CHCl3), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), respectively. Crystal structural analyses reveal that (i) molecules of 1 co‐crystallize with DMF, CHCl3, THF, and CH2Cl2 in 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively, and (ii) conformations of 1 are different within 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, and compound 1 within crystal 1a adopts the most twisting conformation. Crystalline solids 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d exhibit high emission quantum yields up to 0.65, but their emission colors are varied from blue to green. In comparison, the amorphous solid of 1 is yellow‐emissive with emission maximum at 542 nm. Moreover, the blue‐ or green‐emissive crystalline solids and the yellow‐emissive amorphous solid can be inter‐converted by the grinding of crystalline solids and exposure of the amorphous solid to vapors of appropriate solvents. It is also demonstrated that microrods of 1a, 1b, and 1d show typical optical waveguiding behavior.
Point of view filming and the elicitation interview
Authors: Skinner Jonathan , Gormley Gerard J.
Published: July 2016

Face-to-face interviews are a fundamental research tool in qualitative research. Whilst this form of data collection can provide many valuable insights, it can often fall short of providing a complete picture of a research subject’s experiences. Point of view (PoV) interviewing is an elicitation technique used in the social sciences as a means of enriching data obtained from research interviews. Recording research subjects’ first person perspectives, for example by wearing digital video glasses, can afford deeper insights into their experiences. PoV interviewing can promote making visible the unverbalizable and does not rely as much on memory as the traditional interview. The use of such relatively inexpensive technology is gaining interest in health profession educational research and pedagogy, such as dynamic simulation-based learning and research activities. In this interview, Dr Gerry Gormley (a medical education researcher) talks to Dr Jonathan Skinner (an anthropologist with an interest in PoV interviewing), exploring some of the many crossover implications with PoV interviewing for medical education research and practice.
Chronostratigraphy of uplifted Quaternary hemipelagic deposits from the Dodecanese island of Rhodes (Greece)
Authors: Quillévéré Frédéric , Cornée Jean-Jacques , Moissette Pierre , Lopez-Otalvaro Gatsby Emperatriz , Baak Christiaan van , Münch Philippe , Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela Carmen , Krijgsman Wout
Published: July 2016

An integrated magneto-biostratigraphic study, based on calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers, together with the radiometric dating of a volcaniclastic layer found in several outcrops, was carried out on the hemipelagic deposits of the Lindos Bay Formation (LBF) at six localities on the island of Rhodes (Greece). Our highly refined chronostratigraphic framework indicates that the lower and upper lithos-tratigraphic boundaries of the LBF are diachronous. Associated with the 40Ar/39Ar age determination of 1.85 ± 0.08 Ma for the volcaniclastic layer, our data show that among the investigated outcrops, the Lindos Bay type locality section provides the longest record (1.1 Ma) of the LBF. Hemipelagic deposition occurred continuously from the late Gelasian (~1.9 Ma) to the late Calabrian (~0.8 Ma), i.e., from Chrons C2n (Olduvai) to C1r.1r (Matuyama) and from nannofossil Zones CNPL7 to CNPL10. This long record, together with the hemipelagic nature of the deposits, make the Lindos Bay type locality section a unique element in the eastern Mediterranean region, allowing future comparisons with other early Quaternary deep-sea sections available in the central and western Mediterranean regions.
Isotopes, Inc. Radiocarbon Measurements V
Authors: Trautman Milton A. , Willis Eric H.
Published: July 2016

This list presents dates on samples measured at Isotopes, Inc., during the years 1963 to 1965 and measurements made previously for which sample data has been recently received. The many results which do not appear are withheld pending additional information or at the request of our clients.
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Tamers M. A.
Published: July 2016

The dates reported in this list were measured from December, 1964 to November, 1965. The laboratory continues to employ liquid scintillation techniques with synthesized benzene; however, the chemical yield has been improved to the point where it is now between 80 and 100%. For most of the measurements listed here, a 4 cc counting vial was used with 3 cc benzene and 1 cc commercial toluene containing PPO and dimethyl-POPOP scintillators. The counting efficiency is 72%, which gives a net modern count of 23.5 cpm, and the background is 8.2 cpm. The detection limit (48 hours counting, 2σ statistics) with ordinary size samples is 43,000 yr using the 4 cc vial and 52,000 yr with a 20 cc vial. Errors introduced by the laboratory procedure are less than ½% (Tamers and Pearson, 1965a). A detailed review of the methods being used has been published recently (Tamers, 1965b).
University of Michigan Radiocarbon Dates XI
Authors: Crane H. R. , Griffin James B.
Published: July 2016

The following is a list of dates obtained since the time of the compilation of List X in December 1964. The method is essentially the same as that used for the work described in the previous list. Two CO2-CS2Geiger counter systems are used. The equipment and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Crane, 1961). The dates and estimates of error in this list follow the practice recommended by the International Radiocarbon Dating Conferences of 1962 and 1965, in that (a) dates are computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5570 yr, (b) A.D. 1950 is used as the zero of the age scale, and (c) the errors quoted are the standard deviations obtained from the numbers of counts only. In previous Michigan date lists up to and including VII we have quoted errors at least twice as great as the statistical errors of counting, in order to take account of other errors in the over-all process. If the reader wishes to obtain a standard deviation figure which will allow ample room for the many sources of error in the dating process, we suggest he double the figures that are given in this list.
Radiocarbon Dating in the Vernadsky Institute I-IV
Authors: Vinogradov A. P. , Devirts A. L. , Dobkina E. I. , Markova N. G.
Published: July 2016

Results of absolute age determination by the radiocarbon method, obtained in the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Vernadsky Institute are given in this article. The counting of natural C14 activity was realized by measuring the gaseous carbon compounds—CO2 and C2H6—with the aid of a proportional counter. Investigation objects were wood, peat, coal, plant and animal remains and other organic material. All samples were preliminarily treated with hot 2% NaOH and 5% HCl to remove foreign humic acid and carbonate. Carbon dioxide, which was obtained after burning, was freed of electronegative admixtures by purification with the aid of CaO. Ethane was synthesized from the sample carbon through the following stages: natural sample→CO2→CaCO3→CaC2→C2H2→C2H6. The counting gas was let into the counter up to a pressure of 2 atm. Counters of stainless steel or copper of different volumes from 0.5 to 2 litres were used. The screening of the counters was effected by steel (24 cm thick) and mercury (2.5 cm thick) shields; the counter together with the mercury shield was enclosed in a circle of Geiger counters of the GS-60 type arranged in anti-coincidence. A detailed description of the methods, the constructions and the apparatus has been published (Vinogradov, Devirts, Dobkina, Markova, Martishchenko, 1961).
Packard Instrument Company Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Kowalski Sandra J. , Schrodt Ariel G.
Published: July 2016

The measurements reported in the following date list have been made in the Low Level Counting Laboratory of Packard Instrument Company during 1965 and are a continuation of the work reported previously (Packard I). This counting procedure for these dates has remained unchanged — a 5 ml volume of benzene counted in a Packard Tri-Carb® Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer Model 3214. The sample is converted chemically from its original form to benzene in the Packard Tri-Carb Benzene Synthesizer. This instrument was described in a general fashion in our previous publication.
Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
Authors: Godwin H. , Switsur V. R.
Published: July 2016

The dates and activity measurements given below have been obtained during 1964 and 1965, and have been made with CO2 at 3 atm pressure in a proportional gas-counter as described in previous contributions from this laboratory. We have continued to concentrate chiefly upon research projects pursued in the University Sub-department of Quaternary Research.
Smithsonian Institution Radiocarbon Meaurements III
Authors: Long Austin , Mielke James E.
Published: July 2016

Most of these analyses were performed during 1965 with equipment and techniques previously employed at this laboratory. A cold (−40°C) charcoal trap stage was added to the CO2 purification to remove radon, which eliminates the lag time between CH4 preparation and counting (Long, 1965b).
UCLA Radiocarbon Dates V
Authors: Berger Rainer , Libby W. F.
Published: July 2016

The measurements reported have been carried out during 1965 in the Isotope Laboratory of the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics as a continuation of the UCLA date lists I through IV. Samples were analyzed as CO2-gas at one atmina 7.5 L proportional counter with three energy channels. Dates have been calculated on the basis of a 5568 yr half-life as was recommended by the Sixth International C11and H3Dating Conference, June 1965, in Pullman, Washington. The standard for the contemporary biosphere remains as 95% of the count rate of NBS oxalic acid for radiocarbon laboratories. Background determinations have been made with CO2obtained from marble. The error listed is always at least a one-sigma statistical counting error.
Victoria Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Bermingham Anne
Published: July 2016

This list contains a selection of results of measurements made since September, 1963. Until the end of 1962, the stability of equipment performance was unsatisfactory and, when the author assumed responsibility for the operation of the laboratory in 1963, several dates that had been published (Focken, 1960, 1962, and private commun.) were withdrawn. The performance and operation of the equipment were re-assessed and improved during 1963 and routine dating was begun towards the end of the year.
On the Relationship Between Radiocarbon Dates and True Sample Ages
Authors: Stuiver Minze , Suess Hans E.
Published: July 2016

The result of a radiocarbon determination is commonly expressed as an age given in radiocarbon years. An error is usually assigned to each value as a measure of the statistical uncertainty of the measurement. Date lists published in this journal use a standard form of reporting dates and their errors (see Editorial Statements in Radiocarbon, v. 3 and v. 4). The conversion of a radiocarbon age, given in radiocarbon years B.P. (i.e., radiocarbon years elapsed since the origin of the sample) to a true calendar year makes necessary certain assumptions with respect to: (1) the half-life of C14, (2) the production rate of C14 by cosmic rays, (3) the size of reservoirs into which C14 is distributed and the exchange rate of this distribution. Libby (1955, p. 10) has shown that as an approximation one may assume that reservoir size and production and distribution rates, and therefore the C14 activity in atmospheric CO2 have been constant. However, the more accurate measurements of recent years have shown that at least one of these quantities must have varied with time. This means that a more complicated relationship exists between radiocarbon age and exact calendar age of a sample than had been assumed by Libby. This relationship cannot be determined theoretically, but can be derived empirically by determination of the radiocarbon contents of samples of known age. The following summarizes our present knowledge regarding differences between radiocarbon ages and true ages and the present status of the empirical calibration of the radiocarbon time scale.
ANU Radiocarbon Date List I
Authors: Polach H. A. , Stipp J. J. , Golson J. , Lovering J. F.
Published: July 2016

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory is installed in the Department of Geophysics and Geochemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies of the Australian National University. The Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies has materially aided the establishment of the laboratory and is allocated a major proportion of the dating time over the next three years for samples in Australian Aboriginal archaeology. Beyond this the laboratory is to serve research needs within the University. To facilitate communication between collectors and laboratory a handbook on collection of specimens and interpretation of results has been prepared (Polach and Golson, 1966) and a radiocarbon sample record and an age determination sheet are in use.
Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates I
Authors: Shotton F. W. , Blundell D. J. , Williams R. E. G.
Published: July 2016

A radiocarbon laboratory has been set up to assist with the Pleistocene research undertaken in the Geology Department at Birmingham and has been designed for the measurement of ages of geological material up to at least 50,000 yr old. Construction began in May, 1965 and routine dating commenced in October, 1966. This is carried out using a CH4 proportional counter.
Copenhagen Radiocarbon Measurements VIII Geographic Variations in Atmospheric C14 Activity
Authors: Tauber Henrik
Published: July 2016

The following list covers measurements of bomb-produced C14 in series of cereals and grasses collected on the northern hemisphere from 1956 through 1966. Samples were measured in order to determine the yearly addition of bomb produced C14 at a single locality, and to detect possible geographic variations in the distribution and uptake of bomb-generated C14 in terrestrial plant material during years with greatly varying additions of bomb C14. Measurements are given in the ∆ scale (Lamont VIII), i.e. per mil deviations from 0.95 times the activity of the NBS oxalic-acid standard (the natural C14 level).
U.S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates IX
Authors: Ives Patricia C. , Levin Betsy , Oman Charles L. , Rubin Meyer
Published: July 2016

This list contains the results of measurements made during 1965 and 1966. Samples are counted in the form of acetylene gas, as previously, and ages computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5568 ± 30 yr. The error listed is always larger than the one-sigma statistical counting error commonly used, takes into account known uncertainty laboratory factors, but does not include external (field or atmospheric) variations.
Florida State University Radiocarbon Dates IV
Authors: Daugherty S. J. , Martin J. R. , Phelps D. S.
Published: July 2016

This list includes mainly the results of datings done from 1967 to 1969. Methods are essentially the same as those described in Radiocarbon, 1966, v. 8, p. 46–53, 1967, v. 9, p. 38–42, and 1969, v. 11, p. 15–21. Samples synthesized to benzene and counted by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Age calculations are based on 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid standard and computed from the Libby half-life of 5570 yr and reference A.D. 1950. The error listed is the one-sigma statistical counting error. Most samples were counted for 2000 to 3000 min. HCL and NaOH pretreatments were applied to samples as required.
Groningen Radiocarbon Dates X
Authors: Vogel J. C. , Waterbolk H. T.
Published: July 2016

This list contains most of the unpublished radiocarbon dates measured between 1961 and 1968. Analyses of the C14content of groundwater are excluded and a number of geologic dates will be included in a later list. Certain earlier analyses performed by H. de Vries and H. de Waard are included, as well as a few results obtained since W. G. Mook assumed responsibility for the laboratory in 1969, to complete series. Descriptions and comments are mainly based on information supplied by the submitters or contained in the publications cited. However, our own interpretation is often given in the comments. Sections I A to D2, II B1, and B2 were mainly prepared by the first author and the rest by the second.
Glasgow University Radiocarbon Measurements IV
Authors: Harkness D. D. , Walton A.
Published: July 2016

The following list and data presented previously (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 494–495) were obtained to investigate the transport of carbon between man and his environment (Harkness, 1970). These data constitute a study of contemporary variations of C14 concentrations viz., Suess effect and bomb effect, as reflected in the tissues and food chain of the population of the United Kingdom (Harkness and Walton, 1969).
Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates III
Authors: Coleman Dennis D.
Published: July 2016

The following date list includes all samples processed from December 1969 through November 1970 at the Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The benzene liquid scintillation technique was used, following the method of Noakes, Kim, and Stipp (1965), and Noakes, Kim, and Akers (1967). Detailed sample preparation procedures used in this laboratory have been reported by Kim and Ruch (1969), and Kim, Ruch, and Kempton (1969).
University of Michigan Radiocarbon Dates XV
Authors: Crane H. R. , Griffin James B.
Published: July 2016

The following is a list of dates obtained since the compilation of List XIV, and the method is essentially the same. Two CO2–CS2 Geiger counter systems were used. Equipment and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Crane, 1961). Dates and estimates of error in this list follow the practice recommended by the International Radiocarbon Dating Conference of 1962 and 1965, in that (a) dates are computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5570 yr, (b) A.D. 1950 is used as the zero of the age scale, and (c) the errors quoted are the standard deviations obtained from the number of counts only. In Michigan date lists up to and including VII, we quoted errors at least twice as great as the statistical errors of counting, to take account of other errors in the over-all process.
Riken Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
Authors: Yamasaki Fumio , Hamada Chikako , Hamada Tatsuji
Published: July 2016

The C14 dates given below are continued from our previous list (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 559–576), and results obtained mainly during 1970 are described. A 2.7 L stainless steel counter and a 3.3 L copper counter are used, yielding background counting rates of 5.5 and 8.5 cpm, respectively, when filled with dead CO2 at ca. 1.8 atm. Dates have been calculated on the basis of the C14 half-life of 5568 yr and 95% of NBS oxalic acid as modern standard.
ANU Radiocarbon Date List V
Authors: Barbetti Michael , Polach Henry
Published: July 2016

The present date list contains only details of C14 measurements on sites selected for archaeomagnetic study. Except where otherwise stated in the text, all samples were collected in 1970 or 1971 during fieldwork by one of the authors (M.B.), and were pretreated with hot 2N HCl to remove any possible contamination by pedogenic carbonate. Benzene samples were prepared using updated synthesis techniques (Polach et al., 1972) and measurements of C14 activity were made on two Beckman LS-200 liquid scintillation spectrometers following automatic cycling procedures described previously (Polach, 1969). Samples ANU-677-697 were counted on the spectrometer which has been in use since 1968 (LS-1).
Instituto Venezolano De Investigaciones Cientificas Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII
Authors: Tamers M. A.
Published: July 2016

The samples reported in this date list were processed during 1970. Alter preliminary sample treatments including carbonates and rootlet removal, a complete benzene synthesis was made. This liquid serves as the solvent in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, using a modified 4cc: counting vessel; 2.42g of carbon are counted with a 64% efficiency. The background is constant at 6.8 cpm.
Florence Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Azzi C M , Bigliocca L , Piovan E
Published: July 2016

This list comprises age measurements carried out from October 1972 to July 1973. Samples dated are all of archaeologic interest and come from Italian territory. Pretreatment of samples, production of purest CO2 and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Azzi, 1972; Azzi et al, 1973).
Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates V
Authors: Coleman Dennis D
Published: July 2016

All samples processed from November 1971 through January 1973 at the Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory are reported here. The benzene liquid scintillation technique was used. Laboratory procedures used were the same as those reported by Coleman (1973), with the exceptions that bone collagen was separated by the Longin (1970; 1971) technique and acetylene was trimerized to benzene as described by Coleman,et al(1972).
Nancy Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III
Authors: Hassko B , Guillet B , Jaegy R , Coppens R
Published: July 2016

This list includes results of measurements made from 1969 to 1972 in the Natural Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Centre de Recherches Radiogéologiques de Nancy (CRR).