bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA RELAÇÃO ENTRE DÊIXIS E METADISCURSIVIDADE
Authors: Cavalcante Mônica Magalhães , Martins Mayara Arruda
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho, com o objetivo de examinar as relações entre a dêixis e as estratégias metadiscursivas de posicionamento e de engajamento que ela desempenha nos textos, pretendemos analisar os efeitos de sentido criados a partir da relação dêixis-metadiscursividade, considerando, principalmente, a condição enunciativa própria da dêixis. Quanto à dêixis, valemo-nos de autores como Bühler (1982[1934]), Benveniste (1988[1976]), Cavalcante (2000) e Ciulla (2002, 2008). Para esses autores, os dêiticos constituiriam elementos que indicariam o ponto de origem do locutor, a origo da situação enunciativa, a partir do qual a interação se dá. Sobre o metadiscurso, valemo-nos principalmente de Hyland (2005a, 2005b), em que temos a divisão entre o metadiscurso textual e o interacional, quer as marcas se refiram a porções mais cotextuais, quer se refiram a relações entre os interlocutores. Além disso, o autor apresenta diversos subníveis de posicionamento e de engajamento. Neste artigo, por um recorte metodológico, nos deteremos especificamente às marcas de automenção e aos pronomes de referência ao leitor, subtipos de posicionamento e engajamento, respectivamente, visto que se constituem a partir de marcas essencialmente dêiticas, como pronomes pessoais e pronomes possessivos. Demonstraremos tais marcas em piadas disponíveis no site “piadasnet.com”. Não escolhemos o texto por um critério temático ou de gênero, mas pelas ocorrências das formas dêiticas. Não atentamos para a quantidade de ocorrências ou casos, mas sim, aos efeitos de sentido que a relação dêixis-metadiscursividade pode exercer no texto para análise. Estamos pressupondo que o uso de formas dêiticas pode constituir diferentes marcas de metadiscursividade e, por essa razão, colabora para o direcionamento argumentativo que o locutor pretende dar ao texto, uma vez que as marcas de automenção e os pronomes de referência ao leitor são formados essencialmente por dêiticos pessoais e que, ao mesmo tempo, o uso desses dêiticos evidencia um caráter metadiscursivo na interação entre os interlocutores, que tanto se marcam quanto evocam seus interlocutores nas situações enunciativas. Cremos ainda que os tipos de dêixis podem ser utilizados como estratégias metadiscursivas e que, nesses usos, essas formas dêiticas colaboram para reforçar posicionamentos e para tentar influenciar o outro.

Palavras-chave: Dêixis. Metadiscursividade. Efeitos de sentido.
Du trouble à l’assistance
Authors: García Sánchez Pedro José , Le Méner Erwan
Published: December 2020

In this paper the authors investigate a less documented side of street children’s (bakoroman) lives in Ouagadougou, namely, their encounters with strangers in town. These encounters lead to resources such as relationships, goods, protective time and space, or learning opportunities and punctuate the narratives of the bakoroman. They are one of the main dimensions of their lives in the urban public space as they go back and forth between the street and their homes (institutional and family). As such, these interactions participate in the construction of their biographical trajectories and bifurcations. From minimum reciprocity to relational vigilance, a broad spectrum of interactions delineates the possibilities and limits of an «ethics of fragility». Across these encounters the children create their space in the city, through circumstantial pedagogies of living together. These interactions can be read as resources to regulate urban violence, other than institutional or charitable interventions.
Acute high dose Of L-Lysine amino acid leads nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in fresh water fish Clarias batrachus
Authors: Dhami B.S.
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was carried out to find out the effects of high dose of L-lysine on the fish and also an attempt has been made to predict the impact on human health. L-lysine is an essential amino acid which is used in medical practices as a growth promoter of bones especially in infants. Important work on metabolism and functions of amino acids in human health and major diseases has been reported by many workers and evaluated the key role of various amino acids in response to infections. Lysine is not synthesized by body; therefore, it must be taken either by diet or supplementation. Lysine first of all isolated from casein in 1889 and introduced as Lysine hydrochloride in 1955. The recommended dose of lysine is 12mg/kg body weight. Side effects of Lysine in large doses i.e. 10-30gm/day may cause abdominal cramps and diarrhea but renal and hepatic toxicity is not reported in normal person. Amino acids are used to treat end stage renal failure and also in liver failure. Recently lysine is used to treat herpes and as a supplement for diabetic people. In present study the effect of acute high dose 2mg/100gm body weight of L-lysine in fish shows toxic effects on kidney and liver which is an alarming indication towards use of high dose of Lysine in man. In kidney it caused glomerular dilation of the capillaries, glomerular hemorrhages and cloudy swelling of renal tubules. In liver it leads swelling of hepatocytes, vacuolization, fatty degeneration and central vein dilation. These histopathological changes are supported by marked rise in level of blood urea, serum creatinine, blood sugar and serum cholesterol.
An analysis of constraint and problems in production and marketing of Nagauri (Paan) methi in Rajasthan State of India
Authors: Pawariya Vikash , Poonia M K , Ram Nema , Dagar Vishal , Yadav M M
Published: December 2020

The present study was undertaken in the production area majorly Nagaur and in some part of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan to access the problems and constraints faced by farmers in the production and marketing of Nagauri (Paan) methi. A total sample of 150 farmers from 30 villages of two districts were selected for the study. The primary data were collected from the farmers by using pre tested structured schedule. The results from investigation shows that most important problem ranked first (Garret’s mean score is 75.60) was faced by farmers are lack of remunerative price of the product, which is 90 % of farmers were facing followed by lack of proper market center (Rank II), monopoly of traders (presence of less competitive firms), higher price spread. Least marketing constraint was payment delay which was faced by 55 per cent farmers ranked XIII. The major production constraints were drying of leaves (Garret’s mean score is 73.41) ranked I followed by irrigation and less use of technology. The appropriate policy suggestions are market establishment, government intervention to provide the remunerative price of Nagauri (Paan) methi and technology use.
Effect of different organic inputs on growth and yield of Soybean (Glycine max. L) under mountainous conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Awasthi Neha , Upadhyay R.G. , Singh Anita , Kumar Rameshwar , Sharma G.D.
Published: December 2020

Current study was conducted to evaluate the influence of organic and zero budget natural farming on growth and yield of Soybean (Glycine max. L) under mountainous conditions of Himachal Pradesh. During the experimental period the variety of Soybean (Palam Soya) was sowed with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of T1 -FYM-10t/ha+Rhizobium,T2-Vermicompost-7.5t/ha+Rhizobium,T3- FYM- 5 t/ha + vermicompost -3.75 t/ha + Rhizobium-T4 -Natural farming (Ghanjivamrit+Jivamrit+Bijamrit), T5 -FYM-10t/ha + vermiwash -3 spray, T6 -Vermicompost- 10t/ha +vermiwash – 3 spray, T7- Ghanjivamrit-125 kg/ha and T8 – FYM -5t/ha + ghanjivamrit – 125kg/ha with Randomized Block Design (RBD). During the course of study significantly highest plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of branches at various growth stages, days taken to 50 percent flowering and maturity were influenced by vermicompost along with three sprays of vermiwash. The significantly highest biological yield (2409.09kg /ha), seed yield (825 kg/ ha) and yield attributes of Soybean crop were recorded in the treatment T6 –Vermicompost @ 10t/ha + 3 sprays of vermiwash during the experiment.
Polyphenolic profiles in edible Annona spp. using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS)
Authors: Shetty Manjunath J , Vasudeva K. R , Sakthivel T , Suresh G. J , Krishna H. C , K. Vishnuvardhana , Kumar S Anil
Published: December 2020

Polyphenolic compounds of fruits of various plant species play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. Polyphenols have important biological activities like antioxidant activity which helps in normal functioning of human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of polyphenolic compounds in different edible Annona spp. fruits. Total of eighteen identified individual phenolic compounds were found, among which p-coumaric acid (321.53-90.17µg g-1FW), o-coumaric acid (70.80-19.00µg g-1FW), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (39.49-10.43µg g-1FW), caffeic acid (35.26-3.43µg g-1FW), gentisic acid (24.69-10.46µg g-1FW), protocatechuic acid (17.04-4.23µg g-1FW), t-cinnamic acid (22.68-3.93µg g-1FW) and ferulic acid (21.78-3.43µg g-1FW) were abundant in annona fruits while benzoic acid (23.28-4.61µg g-1FW), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.79-0.31µg g-1FW), salicylic acid (6.00-2.40µg g-1FW), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (6.05-0.88µg g-1FW), vanillic acid.  (19.13-2.16µg g-1FW), gallic acid (15.88-2.74µg g-1FW), ellagic acid (1.12-0.20µg g-1FW), syringic acid (0.78-0.34µg g-1FW) and sinapic acid (2.16-0.79µg g-1FW) were limited. However, chlorogenic acid was not detected. The results obtained in this study will furnish a better knowledge of the polyphenolic composition in annona fruits.
Chemical constituents of Chaenomeles sinensis twigs and their biological activity
Authors: Cha Joon Min , Kim Dong Hyun , Subedi Lalita , Khan Zahra , Choi Sang Un , Kim Sun Yeou , Kim Chung Sub
Published: December 2020

A new megastigmane-type norsesquiterpenoid glycoside, chaemeloside (1), was isolated from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis together with 11 known phytochemicals through chromatographic methods. The chemical structure of the new isolate 1 was determined by conventional 1D and 2D NMR data analysis, ECD experiment, hydrolysis followed by a modified Mosher’s method, and LC–MS analysis. The characterized compounds’ biological effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, antineuroinflammatory activity, and potential neurotrophic effect were evaluated.
İLKOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİLERİNİN VE STEME YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIZ Sevilay , ÖZDEMİR Muhammet
Published: December 2020

Araştırmanın amacı ilkokul 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin STEM (fen, teknoloji, mühendislik, matematik) tutum ve problem çözme becerisini sınıf düzeyi ve cinsiyete göre incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul ili Kartal ilçesinde ilkokul 3. ve 4. Sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 344 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama ile araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada STEM tutum ölçeği ve çocuklar için problem çözme envanteri veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sınıf düzeyine göre sonuçlarda; 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin STEM tutumlarının ve STEM alt boyutlarında fen ile matematikte alanlarına yönelik tutumlarının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında problem çözme becerisinde ve alt boyutlarında sınıf düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın cinsiyete göre elde edilen sonuçlarında; STEM tutumlarında farklılık olmadığı belirlenirken, STEM alt boyutlarında mühendislik alanına yönelik erkek öğrencilerin tutumlarının lehine anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Problem çözme becerisi ve alt boyutlarında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Аналіз технологічних властивостей робочих органів культиватора передпосівного поверхневого обробітку ґрунту і удосконалення стрілчастої лап
Authors: Фесенко Г. , Жмуренко М.
Published: December 2020

Одним із напрямків інтенсифікації сільськогосподарського виробництва є підвищення рівня механізації виробничих процесів в землеробстві за рахунок застосування більш досконалих технічних засобів. Це в повній мірі відноситься до передпосівного поверхневого обробітку ґрунту, спрямованого на збереження вологи на глибині посіву і створення умов його рихлення без руйнування структури ґрунту. В результаті проведеного аналізу, установлено, що на початковій стадії переміщення в ґрунті стрілчастої лапи відбувається ущільнення підрізаного пласта з наступним зрушенням і кришенням в площині, розташованій під нахилом до горизонту. Подальше переміщення пласта по плоскій полиці робочого органу відбувається без рихлення до падіння з його обрізу, під час якого перемішується верхній сухий із нижнім вологим шаром ґрунту. Крім того, після сходу підрізаного пласта з крил стрілчастої лапи і удару його ґрунтових агрегатів об ґрунтову підошву утворюється переподрібнена і пиловидна фракція, яка не являється агротехнічно-цінною для ґрунту. що погіршує його структурний склад. Аналітичні дослідження також показали, що підвищити ступінь кришення культиватором ґрунту і зменшити при цьому утворення переподрібненої фракції можливо, якщо в стрілчастій лапі полиці виконати випуклими у верхньому напрямку, при цьому кривизна випуклості повинна змінюватись з віддаленням від ріжучої кромки і обрізу полиці. Установлено, що ріжучу кромку і обріз полиці лапи слід розташувати в одній горизонтальній площині. Виконана в такому вигляді стрілчаста лапа створює умови подальшого кришення підрізаного ним пласта ґрунту під час його руху по крилах лапи і поступове сходження з них без падіння, що запобігає взаємне переміщення оброблюваних шарів ґрунту з виносом на поверхню вологого шару і утворення переподрібненої пиловидної фракції. яка погіршує структурний склад ґрунту.
Interactive language learning - How to explore complex environments using natural language?
Authors: Petrache Tatiana-Andreea , Rebedea Traian , Trausan-Matu Stefan
Published: December 2020

Implicit knowledge about the physical world we live in is gained almost
effortlessly through interaction with the environment. In the same manner, this knowledge cannot be simply inferred from language, as humans normally avoid stating what is trivially implied or observed in the world. This paper is about a novel perspective into progressing artificial intelligence toward understanding the true language meaning through interaction with complex environments. The arising field of text-based games seems to hold the key for such an endeavour. Text-based games placed in a reinforcement learning formalism have the potential of being a strategic path into advancing real-world natural language applications - the human world itself is one of partial understanding through communication and acting on the world using language. We present a comparative study highlighting the importance of having a unified approach in the area of learning agents to play families of text-based games,
with the scope of establishing a benchmark that will enable the community to advance the state of the art. To this end, we will look at the corpora and the first two winner solutions from the competition launched by Microsoft Research - FirstTextWorld Problems. The games from the proposed corpora share the same objective, cooking a meal after collecting ingredients from a modern house environment, having the layout and the recipes change from one game to another.
Construction of the Integrated Tourism Statistics System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Aleksandrova Anna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses current state and prospects for development of tourism statistics as a branch of statistical science. The author examines particular features of statistical survey in tourism and suggests the model of integrated tourism statistics system. Stages and prospective directions of tourism statistics research in the Russian Federation are pointed out.
Creating Value for Customers 50+ Taking into Account Their Cognitive Age
Authors: Sheresheva Marina , Kalmykova Natalia , Valitova Liliya , Berezka Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the results of the consumer behavior survey conducted in the research project “Social and economic activity of the mature age people (50+): needs, satisfaction, consumer behavior models, interaction with business and authorities”. The findings confirm that creation of products and services for the older age cohorts must take into account both physiological characteristics of ageing, and psychological (cognitive) perception of age by target consumers.
Klinik Hemşirelerinin Öğrenci Hemşirelerin Eğitimine Katılımındaki Engellerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞAHAN Seda , GÜVEN Şefika Dilek
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Hemşirelik eğitimi, sınıfta, beceri laboratuvarında ve klinik ortamda gerçekleştirilen bir süreçtir. Klinik uygulama hemşirelik eğitiminin en az yarısını kapsar ve sınıfta öğretilen teorik bilgilerin uygulamaya, hasta bakımına geçirilmesine olanak sağlar. Sağlık bakım ortamlarında klinik uygulama hemşirelik eğitiminin temelidir. Klinik hemşirelerinin, öğrencilerin eğitimine katılımdaki engellerinin belirlenmesi ve bu engellere çözüm üretilmesi hemşirelik eğitim sürecinin etkinliği bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin öğrenci hemşirelerin eğitimine katılımına engel olan durumların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma klinik hemşirelerinin, öğrenci hemşirelerinin eğitimine katılımlarındaki engellerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Nevşehir Devlet Hastanesi’nde çalışan 150 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Veriler hemşirelerin tanıtıcı özellikleri ve öğrenci hemşirelerinin eğitimine katılımlarındaki engellerin belirlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 programında sayı ve yüzde olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonucuna göre, hemşirelerin %46.7’si öğrencinin klinikte öğrenmesi gereken konu ve becerileri klinik hemşiresinden öğrenmek için kendisinin çabalamamasını, %60.7’si öğrenci sayısının fazla olmasını, %42.2’si bazı öğretim elemanlarının klinikte yeterince bulunmamasını, %36.0’sı hastane fiziki ortamının yetersiz olmasını öğrenci eğitimine katılmada engel olarak ifade etmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin öğrenci hemşirelerin eğitimine katılımında hemşirelerden kaynaklanan engellerin daha az, öğrencilerden kaynaklanan engellerin ise daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir.
An X-Ray View of Two Infrared Dark Clouds G034.43+00.24 and G035.39−00.33
Authors: Yu Hanbo , Wang Junfeng , Tan Jonathan C.
Published: December 2020

We present a high spatial resolution Chandra X-ray study of two infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), G034.43+00.24 and G035.39−00.33, which are expected to be in the early phases of star cluster formation. We detect 112 and 209 valid X-ray point sources toward G034.43+00.24 and G035.39−00.33, respectively. We cross-match the X-ray point sources with the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE), and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) catalogs and find 53% and 59% of the X-ray sources in G034.43+00.24 and in G035.39−00.33 have corresponding infrared counterparts, respectively. These sources are probable members of young massive clusters in formation, and using stellar isochrones we estimate that a population of 1–2 Myr old, intermediate- to high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) exist in both IRDCs. Two and 10 Class II counterparts to X-ray sources were identified in G034.43+00.24 and in G035.39−00.33, respectively, which are located in or near dark filaments. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of G035.39−00.33 implies that the total mass consists of up to ∼1700M
⊙ of stars, using the XLF of the well-studied Orion Nebula Cluster as a calibrator. This corresponds to a star formation efficiency of at most 5%, indicating the system is still very much gas dominated and in an early stage of the star formation process. The population of G034.43+00.24 is less well determined due to the lower sensitivity of its observations.
KURDISH FEMALE FIGHTERS IN SYRIA DURING AND AFTER THE FIGHT AGAINST ISIS
Authors: Yar Lucia
Published: December 2020

Kurdish female fighters in Syria did not receive attention until after the Battle of Koban. This study analyzes activities during and after the struggle against ISIS, focusing on the ideological motivators that influenced their involvement in the armed insurgent movement. Through a discursive analysis of non-traditional, local sources, it concludes that the specificity of the ideological transformation of the movement, where women's emancipation came to the center of the local discourse, persisted even after the primary goal of the resistance has changed.
Suitability of contract-based nature conservation in privately-owned forests in Germany
Authors: Demant Laura , Bergmeier Erwin , Walentowski Helge , Meyer Peter
Published: December 2020

The successful implementation of contract-based nature conservation in privately-owned forests requires a framework of reasonable operational measures. Our study aimed at developing such a framework by; 1) defining forest conservation objects including structures, processes, and habitat types, 2) assessing their conservation value based on the need for, and worthiness of, protection, 3) reviewing the suitability of contract-based measures for conservation. Overall, we defined 67 conservation objects, with 8 of them used as case studies: deadwood, habitat trees, natural succession after large-scale disturbance, coppice-with-standards, bog and fen woodlands, dry sand pine forests, and beech forests. We considered contract-based conservation suitable if, within the contract period, outcomes of measures resulted in ecological upgrading or avoidance of value loss. We identified contract-based conservation suitable for 42 combinations of objects and measures. Our approach of assessing the potential of contract-based measures for forest conservation is novel with regards to its broad range of objects, defined criteria, and various contract periods. It can help to progress conservation and improve outcomes of measures, especially in privately-owned forests in Germany. Further prerequisites are sufficient financial resources, effective administration, consultancy and the mid- to long-term stability of funding programmes.
Investigation of Ultrafast Charge Carrier and Lattice Dynamics
Authors: KIM Kyungwan
Published: December 2020

When a material is driven out of an equilibrium state, fundamental interactions governing the material properties play roles in returning to the equilibrium state. The microscopic process of this recovery takes place on an ultrafast time scale far beyond the usual time resolution of usual detection methods. Thanks to the recent development of the ultrashort pulsed lasers, various ultrafast techniques are now available to investigate the ultrafast dynamics of materials. In this article, I briefly review the experiment techniques used to investigate ultrafast electronic and lattice dynamics.
Alternative approach to time evolution of quantum systems
Authors: Erol Mustafa
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the temporal evolution of quantum systems based on epistemological and ontological arguments and reconsiders some fundamental concepts of quantum theory. Initially, the time dependent Schrödinger wave equation (TDSWE) is criticized for the lack of a potential
energy term and thereafter, a novel time dependent momentum operator is defined which eventually leads to an alternative TDSWE, including a potential energy term that remains in harmony with current theory. The wave nature is then generally examined by comparing time evolutions of classical
and Schrödinger waves, dissimilarities then carefully inspected and ultimately a novel second order TDSWE is suggested. Finally, time evolution of the probability density is discussed in light of this new approach, and additionally some further insights and conclusions are briefly outlined
that conform with the standard theory.
Effect of conservation of spatial volume on electromagnetic particle refraction and diffraction interference patterns
Authors: Moored Keith W.
Published: December 2020

This essay presents an alternate theory for the mechanism of electromagnetic refraction and diffraction interference patterns and provides arguments in support of new concepts for these phenomena. These concepts are predicated on the idea that free-space appears to be composed of an
energy field with characteristics of an elastic medium that the author termed “spatial energy field” or SEF. It is proposed that the geometric volume of space requires conservation, and this is achieved via stretching or compression of space while exhibiting elastic and wavelike
qualities. The SEF, representing spacetime, has specific properties that appear to lead to the emergence of electromagnetic refraction and diffraction. It is proposed that the conservation of spatial volume affects the outcome of particle refraction and diffraction interference patterns. A
mechanism for refraction is explained by higher density spacetime (SEF) near atomic nuclei reducing the apparent velocity of transmitted photons. For diffraction, momentum guiding “pilot waves” of spacetime (SEF) is presented as the mechanism for production and redirection of minima
and maxima interference patterns of particles.
Quantitative mereology: An essay to align physics laws with a philosophical concept
Authors: Schmitz Georg J.
Published: December 2020

Mereology stands for the philosophical concept of parthood and is based on a sound set of fundamental axioms and relations. One of these axioms relates to the “existence of a universe as a thing having part all other things.” The present article formulates this logical expression
first as an algebraic inequality and eventually as an algebraic equation reading in words: “The universe equals the sum of all things.” “All things” here are quantified by a “number of things.” Eventually, this algebraic equation is normalized leading to
an expression: “The whole equals the sum of all fractions.” This introduces “1” or “100%” as a quantitative—numerical—value describing the “whole.” The resulting “basic equation” can then be subjected to a number of algebraic
operations. Especially squaring this equation leads to correlation terms between the things implying that the whole is more than just the sum of its parts. Multiplying the basic equation (or its square) by a scalar allows for the comparison to and aligning with physics equations like the entropy
equation, the ideal gas equation, an equation for the Lorentz-factor, conservation laws for mass and energy, the energy-mass equivalence, the Boltzmann statistics, and the energy levels in a Hydrogen atom. It further leads to a “contrast equation,” which may form the basis for
the definition of a length and a time scale. Multiplying the basic equation with vectors, pseudovectors, pseudoscalars, and eventually hypercomplex numbers opens up the realm of possibilities to generate many further equations.
A discussion about the hidden variables in quantum mechanics
Authors: Koutandos Spiros
Published: December 2020

In the present paper, we attempt to bring to light some of the hidden variables of quantum mechanics by continuing the work of others who introduced constant curvature to spacetime. The article is also a continuation of a previous one [S. Koutandos, Phys. Essays 33, 208 (2020)]
published in this journal proving London equations. We find that there is dilation of volume and that mass may have a surface density. Unlike the case of superconductors, however these surfaces collapse to a point. This is where the difficulty in measurement comes from.
Um lobo à solta na cidade
Authors: Santos José Gabriel Trindade
Published: December 2020

Book Review: ARRUZZA, Cinzia. 2019. A Wolf in the City: Tyranny and the Tyrant in Plato’s Republic. New York, Oxford University Press, 312 p.
Forum theatre – assessing openness to temporary participatory use practices of the Someșul Mic river area in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Authors: Kobulniczky Béla , Ilovan Oana-Ramona
Published: December 2020

We present the research results after administering a questionnaire survey about perceptions of the forum theatre as a participatory temporary use practice of the Someșul Mic River area in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The study aim was assessing inhabitants’ willingness to get involved into the forum theatre activity, putting it into practice and proposing solutions for riverside development. We concluded that the forum theatre could be used to promote ideas and community-based solutions for urban renewal.
Spremembe volilnih enot za izvedbo volitev v državni zbor RS
Authors: Rogelj Boštjan
Published: December 2020

Leta 2018 sprejeta odločba Ustavnega sodišča o neustavnosti trenutne ureditve volilnih okrajev je znova oživila razpravo o reformi državnozborskega volilnega sistema. V središču razprave je vprašanje preoblikovanja oziroma odprave volilnih okrajev. Drugi pomembni prostorski element volilnega sistema – ureditev volilnih enot ‒ pa ni deležen večje pozornosti, saj ni bila predmet ustavne presoje. V članku želimo preveriti, v kolikšni meri obstoječa ureditev še izpolnjuje zakonska merila. V nadaljevanju so predstavljeni trije alternativni predlogi ureditve volilnih enot, njihove ključne značilnosti ter glavne prednosti in pomanjkljivosti.
Lost and found
Authors: Maaba Brown Bavusile
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the author demonstrates that there is a range of primary sources on the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa’s foremost non-teaching social science research body and its predecessor, the South African National Bureau for Educational and Social Research, lodged in the country’s conventional and unconventional archives. The Central Records Department at Wits University is an example of the latter. Initially, scholars believed that the bulk of primary sources on the institution were not available. This has greatly affected the writing of the institution’s history and as a result it remains largely undocumented. This paper demonstrates that raw material on the institution can be and has been located through systematic research in various depositories around South Africa. The paper gives an overview of materials on the institution lodged in different archives and describes typical examples. Such primary sources can greatly assist scholars with a research interest in the HSRC and its predecessor, the Bureau.
Analysis of Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing Techniques over Nakagami-m Fading Channel
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Shahnawaz , Khare P. K.
Published: December 2020

As the demand of wireless communication increases exponentially, with the same ratio scarcity of spectrum also originates. To overcome this spectrum scarcity a novel approach, Cognitive Radio (CR) shows development of an opportunistic and promising technology. This paper explores implementation and analysis of the CR spectrum sensing techniques such as Matched filtering, Energy detection and Cyclostationary feature detection on MATLAB platform by simulation. We analyze performance of these techniques over, Nakagami-m fading channel with AWGN channel for both the BPSK and QPSK modulation.
Determination of the optimal concentration of Minitube Equex paste for boar semen cryopreservation based on sperm motility characteristics
Authors: Suwimonteerabutr Junpen , Nuntapaitoon Morakot , Tummaruk Padet
Published: December 2020

Equex paste is a non-permeating cryoprotective agent (CPA) that improved post-thaw survival of spermatozoa during boar semen cryopreservation. However, Equex paste produced by Nova Chemical Sales Inc. (MA, USA) is not currently available. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration of Minitube Equex paste (Minitube, Tiefenbach, Germany) for boar semen cryopreservation in comparison with Nova Equex STM paste (control). Fifteen ejaculates from 12 mature boars were collected by the glove-hand method. Each ejaculate was aliquoted and cryopreserved in base freezing extender III as Tris-citrate egg yolk (TEY) extender plus 9.0% glycerol classified into four groups. Group I was the control and included only 1.5% Nova Equex STM paste. Groups II, III and IV were the experiment groups, and contained different concentrations of Minitube Equex paste (Group II: 1.5%; Group III: 1.7%; and Group IV: 1.9%) added to the freezing extender III. After freezing and thawing, sperm motility characteristics were evaluated by Sperm Class Analyzer® incubated at 37 °C for 0 (10 min), 1 and 2 h post-thawing. In Group IV after thawing at 0 h, rapid velocity and the velocity curved line were significantly higher than in Groups II and III (P < 0.05) but did not differ from Group I. Moreover, after thawing at 1 h, LIN (linearity) in Group IV was higher than in Group II (P < 0.05), but did not differ from the other groups. In conclusion, the most suitable concentration of Minitube Equex paste in the current protocol was 1.9% supplemented with 9.0% glycerol in TEY-based freezing extender III, based on the conformity between data from manual guides and the observed sperm motility characteristics results.
Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata: Reflections from Design Studios
Authors: Calisir Adem Pinar , Cagdas Gulen
Published: December 2020

The current technologies have created a shift from Computer Aided Design to Computational Design in architecture. Computational design allows inquiries into what can be implicit knowledge in traditional design thinking, enables the definition of the mechanisms of design process and formulations of design knowledge and representation, and defines generative and evaluative knowledge. The purpose of this study is to discuss how Cellular Automata can be utilized in design studios to develop computational design thinking, through the examination of Frazer’s and Herr's studio works. After finding matching concepts and comparisons of Cellular Automata methods used in two design studios, the concept of ‘computation’ in Cellular Automaton studies and contributions of using this generative method in design studio will be discussed. In other words, this study will examine the content of Computational Design Thinking through Cellular Automata applications and their contributions to design education. As a result, since Cellular Automata methods are exploratory processes. They enhance seeing, reaching the whole from the parts, noticing the relationships and patterns between the parts and re-inventing them during and after the generative process. For these reasons, Cellular Automata have an important role in the development of computational design thinking in design studios with different concepts and setups.
Teaching Architectural Design Studio Remotely: The Introduction to Architectural Design Course at METU
Authors: Komez Daglioglu Esin , Pinar Ekin , Gursel Dino Ipek , Yoncaci Arslan Pelin , Bas Butuner Funda
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to briefly assess the potentials and limits of online learning environment for studio education by focusing on the case of 2019-20 spring semester studio of Introduction to Architectural Design course at Middle East Technical University’s Department of Architecture. As a transitory course between basic design principles and architectural design, Introduction to Architectural Design addresses the issues of site, program, structure, form, and material in reference to small scale architectural interventions. Reviewing the usual course of the semester until the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the effects of the unexpected switch to the emergency distance teaching, the paper highlights both the creative advantages and material shortcomings of the course’s adaptation process into the online studio format.
Medições e registros de mordidas humanas no auxílio aos processos de identificação
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Danielly , Nóbrega Barbosa Kevan Guilherme
Published: December 2020

Objetivos: Revisar a utilização de medições e registros que são impressos pela mordida humana e quais o seu real papel como auxiliar na identificação.

Método: Foi delineado uma revisão de literatura sem restrição de tempo, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, com busca nas bases de dados BBO, LILACS e SciELO. Foi utilizado uma combinação de descritores e palavras-chave para busca nas bases. Dentre esses citamos: “antropologia forense”; “identificação humana”; “mordida”; “odontologia legal”; “teeth marks” e “bite marks”. 

Resultados: De um total de 141 estudos levantados, 106 foram acessados para leitura de títulos e resumos e 22 escolhidos para leitura na íntegra. Destes, 12 foram elegíveis para análise qualitativa, sendo incluídas para análise. Dos doze estudos incluídos a maioria versava sobre uma discussão do uso das análises métricas como recurso limitado para identificação humana.

Conclusões: É perceptível que há uma limitação para o uso de marcas de mordidas como método de identificação isolado. Entretanto, na presença de uma marca de mordida, é crucial que se proceda ao máximo de coleta de informações que auxiliem no processo de identificação.
Approach to Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity
Authors: Shinde Dr. Abhijit , Mhaske Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha , Misal Dr. Ganesh , Bhate Dr. Shreya
Published: December 2020

Neonatal metabolic bone disease (MBD), osteopenia of prematurity (OOP), neonatal rickets or rickets of prematurity, are terms used to describe a reduction in bone mineral content (BMC) of the preterm infant. Although its exact prevalence is difficult to quantify because of the various methods used for screening of infants who are at risk and also because of the difficulty in the interpretation of these results, it has been steadily increasing with the survival of more immature neonates as a result of advances in neonatal care. Pathological conditions which impair placental macro and micronutrients transfer, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and chorioamnionitis are associated with an increased risk of MBD in preterm infants. There are no specific diagnostic methods for MBD of prematurity. The clinical findings appear late and sometimes the diagnosis is not carried out. Indeed, it is necessary to screen the subjects who are at risk to develop MBD. The prevalence and also the severity of OOP can be reduced by early nutritional intervention. Maintaining a sufficient supply of Ca and P for the growth of VLBW infants’ skeleton is challenging because of their relatively high physiological requirements. Because of the crucial role of mechanical forces on the development of the skeleton, daily exercises such as gentle compression and movements of the limbs are recommended in infants at risk of OOP
CHINESE THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE – A CHALLENGE OR NEW DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Kuryukin Andrey
Published: December 2020

The main economies of the world tend to offer their own vision of globalization within the growing globalization processes. This vision is usually presented in the form of a specific strategy for the development of the entire world as a whole or a significant part of it. One of the most ambitious projects is the Chinese the Belt and Road Initiative. This article analyzes its essence, gives a brief historical overview and examines the reaction of the world community to this initiative.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATE SECULARISM PRINCIPLE IN GLOBAL DIPLOMACY: PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Nikitaev Dmitry
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the importance of implementing the principle of secularity of the state in global diplomacy. The author reviews key concepts, theoretical and practical aspects. The article concludes that it is necessary to implement this principle for effective communication and solving global issues facing modern humanity.
DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS POLITICAL NOTIONS AND SUBJECTS OF THE EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sayamov Yury
Published: December 2020

The study investigates diplomacy and international relations as political notions and subjects of the evolutionary development. It contains new definitions of the notions of diplomacy and international relations proposed by the author. The article shows that the main way to carry out the international relations in the course of their evolution from ancient times till very recent have always been wars and conquests leaving not more than 5% of the whole time of the life of the humanity for its development in the absence of big devastating conflicts. The history of the forming of international relations the world over is followed from the first contact between the most early civilizations, through the river, see and ocean periods of human development to Westphal, Vienna, Versailles-Washington and Yalta-Potsdam systems. In the present situation, when the world is moving towards the multipolarity, diplomacy appears as ever more important.
THE PROBLEM OF MIGRATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Kashuro Irina , Porsh Alexander
Published: December 2020

This article considers the theoretical aspect of migration, which includes the definition of this concept and the identification of the main reasons that serve as its source.
GLOBALIZATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ilina Olga
Published: December 2020

Project management methods and technologies apply to business, public administration, science, education, culture, the Church and households. World’s leading countries have developed their own methodological approaches to project management, which are enshrined in appropriate action standards. The article analyses the world's leading project management methodologies (American PMBOK, British PRINCE2, Japanese P2M, and others) and provides data on the application of these methodologies in Russia.
MEGATRENDS OF WORLD DEVELOPMENT AS A PROBLEM OF GLOBALISTICS
Authors: Muza Dmitry
Published: December 2020

The article presents modern approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “megatrends”. It is shown that the Russian scientific literature often uses an extensive interpretation of the basic concept of the world political theory. Nevertheless, the existing theoretical and methodological basis (the version of F. Braudel “longue durée”) allow us to speak of megatrends as “recitatives of history”. The author defines them as end-to-end, immanent meta-processes that generate not only new development trajectories of the World-system, but also constitute large-scale and long-term societal forms of their implementation, both positive and negative. Therefore, the author offers enhanced framework in interpretation of world political dynamics as “floating” structures with ambiguous effects.
Reflexões sobre os desafios para a aprendizagem matemática na Educação Básica durante a quarentena
Authors: Santos Marcele da Silva , Sant’Anna Neide da Fonseca Parracho
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do artigo é suscitar reflexões sobre possíveis desafios para o ensino e a aprendizagem matemática na Educação Básica durante a quarentena, devido à COVID19. Foi desenvolvido a partir das diretrizes legais educacionais criadas para validar a substituição das aulas presenciais por aulas em meios digitais enquanto durar a situação de pandemia, atentando para a diferenciação do ensino remoto emergencial e o ensino a distância, diante deste fato de inédita ocorrência na Educação Básica. Discorremos sobre as dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos nesse momento onde o ensino está sendo realizado de forma remota. Abordamos através da análise de referencial teórico e de situações reais a superação dos docentes e a importância da formação continuada e tecnológica do professor. Sugerimos possibilidades para aprendizagens significativas nesse contexto atual. E destacamos a necessidade de enfrentamento do problema com a aplicação de políticas públicas educacionais que promovam a igualdade de oportunidades, a equidade.
Forecast of COVID-19 Cases in Indonesia with the Triple Exponential Smoothing Algorithm
Authors: Ruliyanta Ruliyanta , Nugroho Endang Retno
Published: December 2020

The Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, has brought a worldwide threat to the living. The whole world is making extraordinary efforts to combat the spread of this deadly disease in terms of infrastructure, finances, data sources, protective equipment, life risk treatment, and several other resources. Artificial intelligence researchers focus their knowledge of expertise on developing mathematical models to analyze this epidemic situation using shared national data. To contribute to the welfare of the living community, this article proposes to utilize the Triple Exponential Smoothing algorithm to predict the development of COVID-19 throughout the country by utilizing real-time information from the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Indonesia. Based on forecasting results, in Indonesia by the end of 2020, COVID-19 will continue to grow significantly, the number of confirmed COVID-19 people is 386,571 people with a death toll of 15,622.
Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Otomatis Turbin Angin Yaw Direction
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat , Hidayanti Fitria , Repi Viktor Vekky Ronald , Widjayahakim Derrian
Published: December 2020

Desain turbin angin adalah proses menentukan bentuk dan spesifikasi turbin angin untuk mengekstraksi energi dari angin. Instalasi turbin angin terdiri dari sistem yang diperlukan untuk menangkap energi angin, mengarahkan turbin ke arah angin, mengubah putaran mekanis menjadi tenaga listrik, dan sistem lain untuk memulai, menghentikan, dan mengontrol turbin. Perancangan turbin angin pada penelitian ini, adalah turbin angin yang akan menerima energi angin dari arah yaw (yaw direction). Gerakan menentukan arah dari terbin angin ini dibantu oleh perangkat lunak Lab-View dengan menggunakn kontroler arduino sebagai pengendali arah gerakannya. Perancangan sistem kontrol pergerakan sumbu yaw dari turbin angin dengan bantuan perangkat lunak LabView dan arduino untuk mengendalikan motor yang akan memutar roda gigi yang dihubungkan dengan plat. Pergerakan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi peningkat efisiensi dari turbin angin dalam menerima angin yang datang. Hasil kalibrasi sistem turbin angin dilakukan pada gerakan motor pada arah yaw, dan data putaran potensiometer terhadap tegangan listrik yang diberikan sebagai inputnya.
A cidade em álbuns de fotografia – a imobilidade e a fragmentação como processo autoral de Federico Fellini no filme Roma.
Authors: Lemos Anna Paula Soares
Published: December 2020

Este artigo versa sobre o gradativo e autoral processo de criação do cineasta italiano Federico Fellini. Um processo em que das anotações iniciais à versão final do filme, várias etapas de corte, colagem e movimento dos planos; de textos, luzes e dublagem, tomavam um tempo maior do que aquele da maioria das produções. O foco de análise é o filme Roma di Fellini de 1972.