bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Learning Environment of Immigrant English Learners in the United States
Authors: Sari Gulhan Ceran , Eutsler Lauren
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world since spring 2020, with a large influence on the United States education system caused by an unequal disruption to learning. School closures required a change from in-person learning environments to virtual platforms. This new mode of learning heightened existing inequalities in education. This review examines how unequal access to the internet and technology impacted the school context including teachers, students, parents, and administrators, and how English Learners from immigrant backgrounds navigated this experience. Findings revealed that prior online teaching experience and technological competencies bolstered teacher instruction. Yet, learning was disrupted by unequal access to technology for minoritized English Learners in low-income communities. While parents served as partners in supporting student learning, administrators proved to be important for strengthening the school network and supporting teachers. Implications apply to education stakeholders to reduce inequities in online learning contexts.
E-Waste Management Transition Towards Circular Economy
Authors: Shalender Kumar , Singla Babita , SHARMA SANDHIR
Published: July 2023

Electronic waste is one of the most challenging problems faced by the globe today. In order to solve it in an efficient and effective manner, this chapter highlights the role of the circular economy and its elements in effectively recycling and managing electronic waste. With the help of extant literature, the research digs deep into the concept of electronic waste and circular economy and how the elements of this economy can be combined to effectively manage electronic waste. This is followed by the development of a conceptual framework that encompasses all important stakeholders including suppliers, manufacturers, and customers for effective management of electronic waste. The research also emphasizes the adoption of a holistic and all-encompassing policy framework for effectively managing electronic waste and also details significant implications for manufacturers and policymakers.
Waste-to-Materials/Energy
Authors: Afre Rakesh Ashok , Upadhyay Gopal K. , Baruah Sunandan , Kulkarni Milind M.
Published: July 2023

The increasing urbanization in India has led to the development of an environment that is characterized by the lack of proper management of solid waste. This issue contributes to the development of health hazards and the degradation of the urban environment. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various parameters of solid waste management to achieve the sustainable development goals. Apart from this it aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current status of solid waste management and its conversions to various useful things. It also explores the various opportunities that can be achieved through the establishment of effective and efficient waste processing units.
Bibliometric Review on Healthcare Sustainability
Authors: Singh Sanjeet , Madaan Geetika , Kaur Jaskiran , H. R. Swapna , Pandey Digvijay , Singh Amrinder , Pandey Binay Kumar
Published: July 2023

United Nations SDGs (sustainable development goals) have prompted health-care organisations in and around this world to implement health care initiatives that aim to improve their long-term sustainability. Analysis of 637 documents from the Scopus database was retrieved using bibliometric methods for the existing study. Research on health care sustainability has been documented over almost the past 12 years (2010-November, 2022) in this review. Results have indicated that the intellectual structure of this knowledge body comprises of five clusters. First, the authors saw that this review database had 22 writers listed as authors. This indicates that a high number of academicians are interested in this topic. But at the same time, it is also evident that majority of contributors produce only few publications on health care sustainability.
E-Waste Recovery and Utilization Processes for Mobile Phone Waste
Authors: Selvakumar S. , Shankar R. , Ranjit P. S. , Bhattacharya Sumanta , Gopala Gupta Amara S. A. L. G. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: July 2023

Mobile phones are among the most widely used devices worldwide, but they also present a serious environmental contamination issue. Mobile phones often contain dangerous materials that, if not properly handled and disposed of, will leak into the environment. To ascertain the level of contamination, risk assessment techniques must be developed. In this research, national and international scenarios and regulating measures have been discussed for the harmfulness and management of mobile waste materials. The various characteristics of mobile wastes and materials flow for the processing of mobile related wastes have been elaborated. The different types of frameworks for the indicating systems, selection criteria, and risk assessment indication systems were also illustrated. The various stages of mobile waste handling and processing to recover polymers have also been represented.
Survey on the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques on the Applications of Wastewater Treatment for Sustainable Environment
Authors: Zakur Yahya Asmar , Mallik Biswadip Basu , Zakoor Yousif Asmar , Pandey Digvijay
Published: July 2023

Critical water and wastewater treatment applications have been optimized, modelled, and automated using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and machine-learning models. Also, it describes the cases in which machine learning algorithms have been applied to evaluate the water quality in different water environments, such as surface water, groundwater, drinking water, sewage, and seawater. Wastewater characteristics prediction in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is valuable and can reduce the number of samplings, energy, and cost. The study reviews machine learning, deep learning, and smart technologies used in wastewater treatment for generation, prediction enhancement, and classification tasks, providing a guide for future water resources challenges. These models can be used to make decisions in water resources management and governance, but ethics and future directions need to be addressed and focused.
Gender and Waste Utilization and Reuse
Authors: Kolhe Neha Pranav , Dhote Krishna Kumar , Deori Gargi
Published: July 2023

The importance of reuse and recycling waste at all age groups and genders plays a prominent role towards conserving the environment. In India 19.2% of population belongs to the age group of 15-24 years, which is considered a youth population. The research attempts to understand the practice of reusing and recycling of waste among the male and female youth population. The study investigates and documents the five waste materials that can be recycled: textile, paper, plastic, glass, and e waste. The study is conducted in Bhopal city through direct and focus group discussion. The primary survey is conducted in institutes and schools of Bhopal to capture the ground realities. The outcome of the research depicts the variation is reuse and recycle among the male and female group of the youth population.
Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Healthcare and Quality of Life of Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Sun Hongyuan , Lv Wu , Lee Jaehee
Published: July 2023

Hypertension, as a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is endangering human life and health. To address this issue, this article conducted a study on the impact of Tai Chi exercise on middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. The study selected a certain number of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients for comparative experiments to observe the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, body fat, and other indicators after Tai Chi exercise; evaluate the impact of Tai Chi on the quality of life of hypertensive patients; and reveal the mechanism of Tai Chi in preventing and treating hypertension. The research results indicate that through Tai Chi exercise, patients' systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure difference all show a significant decrease. At the same time, Taijiquan can intensify fat burning and consumption in the body, reduce fat content, improve body mass index and body fat rate, and also improve the central neuromodulation function of the elderly.
Social Welfare-Based Task Assignment in Mobile Crowdsensing
Authors: Kang Zheng , Liu Hui
Published: July 2023

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a novel data-collection paradigm in the internet of things. Social welfare is an important factor in the task allocation because it integrates the interests of all parties involved in MCS and represents societal satisfaction. The ultimate goal of task allocation is to maximize social welfare as much as possible. Existing social welfare optimization research does not consider the moral and psychological characteristics of people in the real world. In this study, the real-world situation is considered. A task allocation strategy, which includes two stages, is formulated for task allocation. A generalized shortest path algorithm and an optimal pricing algorithm are proposed for each stage. To evaluate the proposed algorithms, extensive simulation experiments are conducted on two real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms produce the desired effects, and the proposed strategy significantly increases social welfare by 19% compared to another method.
Study of the Influence of Variable Ambient Temperature on Heat Transfer Inside Different Sized Grain Storage Bins
Authors: Rickes André , Weymar Guilherme Jahnecke , Furtado Igor da Cunha , de Toni Pétra Thalía
Published: July 2023

The following work aims to present the numerical solution for a two-dimensional and transient model for heat transfer on storage bins during the period of one year, in which it was supposed that the structure is exposed to ambient temperature, which depends on time. From this hypothesis, it was executed curve fitting of a relation between those quantities, using meteorological data from the city of Pelotas/RS in the year 2021, and the influence that the outside temperature of a bin has over the process of heat transfer that occurs inside the structure was analyzed. Upon executing simulations of heat transfer inside fictitious bins located in this southern Brazilian city, results show that the boundary condition causes considerable variations in grain temperature, which are more intense in points near the bin's surface. Furthermore, it was concluded that containers of least storage show larger variations in inner temperature during the analyzed period when compared to the behavior of bins containing larger sizes.
Heat Transfer in a Silo Containing Rice: Solution by the Explicit Method of the Finite Differences with Approximations of Order 2 and 4 for a One-Dimensional Transient Model
Authors: de Toni Pétra Thalía , Rickes André , Weymar Guilherme Jahnecke , Furtado Igor da Cunha
Published: July 2023

Rice is one of the most consumed cereals in the world, and the cultivation of this crop has significant relevance in the southern region of Brazil. When subjected to inadequate conditions of temperature and humidity, rice becomes susceptible to attacks from pests and fungi and, therefore, care in the storage process is of paramount importance, since this is largely responsible for the quality of the harvest. Such care allows the food to arrive without harm to the consumer. In this sense, the mathematical modeling, among numerous possibilities, allows for evaluating the internal temperature of a silo and, through this, taking preventive measures so that the grains maintain their quality. The objective of this work is to model the heat transfer process in a silo prototype containing rice in husk through the explicit finite difference method for a one-dimensional and transient model considering two approaches centered on the spatial derivative: error of order 2 and 4. In addition, the thermal diffusivity of the grain with average value was analyzed. The results obtained by the solutions were analyzed through graphs and statistical indexes comparing with the experimental data of the literature, and the computer simulation was performed through the Google Colab platform. The chosen methodology proved effective for the work, and the predicted temperatures for the approximations of order 2 and 4 denote similarities both graphically and in the precision of the statistical indexes.
Analysis under Uncertainty with the Monte Carlo Method Applied to a Bioheat Transfer Problem with Coupled Deep Brain Stimulation Lead
Authors: Pereira Caroline Ribeiro , Abreu Luiz Alberto da Silva , Knupp Diego Campos , Jardim Lucas Correia da Silva , Siqueira Matheus Henrique da Silva
Published: July 2023

This article deals with an analysis of uncertainties applied to a bioheat transfer problem containing a deep brain stimulation lead. The classic two-dimensional bioheat transfer equation in cylindrical coordinates was considered in the mathematical formulation. The electric potential was solved with a Laplace equation to incorporate the DBS lead effects. Thus, the solution for the electric potential was coupled to the temperature problem, considering an external heat transfer rate. The analysis under uncertainties was performed by the Monte Carlo method considering different types of uncertainties for all parameters of the mathematical model. The uncertainties were chosen according to the information available in the literature in order to analyze the problem more realistically. The solutions showed a significant variation in the temperature profile over time when considering the random variations in the parameters.
Performance of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Integrated with Three Types of Harbor Protection Structures
Authors: Didier Eric , Teixeira Paulo Roberto de Freitas
Published: July 2023

Oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters can be integrated in harbor protection structures, such as vertical, rubble mound and piled breakwaters. The interaction between the incident wave and the structure, in which the OWC device is integrated, is significantly different, since the structure of the vertical breakwater is impermeable, while that of the rubble mound breakwater is porous. The performance of the OWC device for the three configurations is analyzed for a range of wave periods from 6 to 12 s and a wave height of 1 m. The OWC device integrated into the vertical breakwater shows the best performance (maximum mean pneumatic power of 70 kW), and the mean pneumatic power is globally 3 % higher than that of the OWC device integrated into the rubble mound breakwater (maximum mean pneumatic power of 67.4 kW). The performance of the OWC device integrated into the piled breakwater shows a similar trend to the OWC device integrated into the vertical breakwater for wave periods lower than 9 s, but it has a significant loss of performance for higher wave periods.
Application of Multiobjective Optimization in the Analysis of the Performance of Different Temperature Functions for a Generalized Cubic Equation of State
Authors: Torres Maicon de Paiva , da Silva Géssica Ramos , Galo Tânia Maria , Soares Junior Acir Moreno , de Oliveira Luiz Nélio Henderson Guedes
Published: July 2023

Since the emergence of van der Waals equation of state, several equations have been proposed to represent the behavior of pure compounds and mixtures, such as GEOS, which is a new generalized cubic equation of state form that employs a temperature function dependent on two or three adjustable parameters. Recently, multiobjective optimization has started to be applied in equations of state for parameters estimation, due to the conflicting nature of the objective functions. This methodology is attractive because it can be used to compare different models or variants of the same problem, through the trade-off analysis of the so-called Pareto front. In this context, the multiobjective PSO algorithm, based on the Pareto dominance principle, is used in this work for estimating the parameters of the generalized cubic equation of state, by fitting its results to synthetic experimental data of vapor pressure and saturated liquid volume. The performance of the new estimated parameters of the three temperature functions is investigated through the calculation of thermodynamic properties of interest in industry and academia. In addition, comparisons against real experimental data available in the literature are performed.
Computational Modeling of an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger Integrated with Phase Change Materials: A Case Study Performed for the Viamão City, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Vielma Vivas Giovanni Antonio , Rodrigues Michel Kepes , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Brum Ruth da Silva , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: July 2023

The earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) is a sustainable option that allows the electrical energy consumption reduction in buildings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of the thermal energy storage principle based on phase change materials (PCM) into the EAHE on its thermal potential. For this, a three-dimensional numerical model of the PCM coupled to the EAHE (EAHE-PCM) was developed based on the effective heat capacity method and adapted to the climatic conditions and soil characteristics of the Viamão city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. It was found that for a duct diameter and length of 0.11 m and 25.77 m, the incorporation of PCM to EAHE improved by 8.90% and 3.97% in the average annual thermal potential of heating and cooling, respectively. In addition, the average monthly thermal potential increased 19.70% (heating) and 8.48%(cooling), for the months of May and December, respectively, when the PCM was integrated into the system.
Implementation, Validation and Study Case of a Landscape Evolution Model Algorithm
Authors: Barbosa Dante Vinícius Eloy , Cardoso Jr. Marcio , Oliveira Luiz Felipe Bertoldi , Fredere Aline , Heylmann Cristian Gabriel de Abreu , Carvalho Paulo , Faccion José Eduardo , Viana Samuel Magalhães , da Silva Neto Antonio José , Silveira Ariane , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a landscape evolution model based on physical processes – hillslope processes and fluvial erosion, transport, and deposition – solved by numerical methodology. That is, through the solution of differential equations approximated by numerical methods. In this case, hillslope processes are modeled through the classical diffusion equation, discretized by the finite volume method. Fluvial erosion, transport, and deposition are modeled by the fluvial potential equations (stream power law). For this, the approximation is performed by the finite difference method. The topography – initial condition – is set by digital elevation models, obtained from satellite images. These are Raster datasets, that each cell contains a representative elevation value. The drainage is determined through the classical algorithm D8, which performs a scan on the digital elevation model, tracing routes of greater slopes between the cells. The algorithm execution flowchart is presented, and the model is validated. Finally, a geomorphological study is presented in the Piratini river basin, showing thar developed model mimics largescale natural phenomena of watershed processes.
Maximizing Efficiency of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers with Galvanized Blocks
Authors: Domingues Ana Maria Bersch , Ramalho Jairo Valões de Alencar , Fernando Honório Joaquim
Published: July 2023

Earth-air heat exchangers (EAHE) consist of buried ducts and a ventilation system, which require minimal electricity, making them a cost-effective and sustainable solution for improving the thermal conditions of built environments. To enhance the efficiency of the EAHE system and optimize its use of the soil's thermal potential, we employed a galvanized block with a cross-sectional area of 1.5 m2 around the duct. The simulations conducted in this study used climatic data from Viamão, a city in southern Brazil, and demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy. The galvanized block increased the thermal conductivity of the soil region and enabled the EAHE system to utilize higher quantities of thermal energy. The first part of the work highlights the importance of block coupling in improving thermal efficiency and the two potentials of EAHE systems. We also introduce a new method for calculating EAHE efficiency throughout the year. We name it maximum efficiency because it measures how much thermal potential an EAHE installation can extract from the highest amount available in the soil during the year. Subsequently, we conducted simulations of ducts at different depths to evaluate their performance. Our results showed that annual efficiencies increased significantly with the addition of the galvanized block. We also found how the installation depth impacts the thermal potentials. Specifically, we obtained almost 4.0°C and 3.8°C for the (annual RMS) soil and EAHE thermal potentials, respectively, at 3.5m.
Quasi-Random Discrete Ordinates Method to Radiative Transfer Equation with Linear Anisotropic Scattering
Authors: Konzen Pedro Henrique de Almeida , Guidi Leonardo Fernandes , Richter Thomas
Published: July 2023

The modeling of energy transport via radiative transfer is important to many practical high temperature engineering applications. Furthermore, the computation of solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) plays a fundamental part in it. The quasi-random discrete ordinates method was developed as an alternative to mitigate the ray effect found in the classical discrete ordinates method solutions. The former method was originally developed for transport problems with isotropic scattering and it is here extended and tested to problems with linear anisotropic scattering. Its main idea is to approximate the integral term of the RTE by a quasi-Monte Carlo integration. The discrete system of differential equations arising from it can be solved by a variety of classical discretization methods, here computed with a SUPG finite element scheme. The novel developments are tested for selected manufactured solutions. The achieved good results indicate the potential of the novel method to be applied to the solution of radiative transfer problems with anisotropic scattering.
Bell 412 System Identification: Comparing Methods and Tools
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Seher-Weiß Susanne ,   CAE, Myrand-Lapierre Vincent ,   National Research Council Canada, Gubbels Arthur , Greiser Steffen , Wartmann Johannes , Ricciardi Joseph , Hui Kenneth
Published: July 2023

Over the last decades system identification has become a standard method for developing rotorcraft models from flight test data. Using data from the Bell 412 Advanced Systems Research Aircraft (ASRA) helicopter operated by the National Research Council of Canada, different identification methods and tools are applied to a common database. The identified 6-DoF rigid-body models at one flight condition are compared in detail regarding eigenvalues and the match in both time and frequency domain. The development of a global model from point models that were identified at the different flight conditions is described. Finally, several possible extensions of the rigid-body models are investigated assessing corresponding improvement in model fidelity.
Rotorcraft Modeling Renovation for Improved Fidelity
Authors:   University of Liverpool, Cameron Neil ,   Livrepool John Moores University, Lu Linghai ,   National Research Council Canada, Gubbels Arthur , White Mark , Padfield Gareth , Agarwal Dheeraj
Published: July 2023

The research reported in this paper examines both established and new system identification techniques for rotorcraft flight-model renovation. Flight behavior models based on legacy aircraft are often the starting point for a new design and the fidelity, or model accuracy, can be validated when data are gathered in early flight testing of the new prototype. As data flow in, so flight models can be improved in fidelity, eventually supporting certification, provided the correct physics are embodied. System identification has become an established method for enhancing fidelity and suggesting causal relationships between flight and flight-model mismatches and missing physics. The objectives of our investigation include extending current system identification methods to address nonlinear model structures, and establishing appropriate approximations to the complex rotorcraft aeromechanics required to enhance fidelity, including maneuver wake distortion effects. The research is focused on renovation using Liverpool's FLIGHTLAB Bell 412 simulation model based on data gathered on the National Research Council's Advanced Systems Research Aircraft. We build on earlier work using frequency-domain methods, ideally suited to linear model structures and flight conditions sufficiently stable to allow control sweep data to be gathered. For hover and low-speed flight, strong nonlinearities caused by rotor-wake effects and significant deviations from the trim conditions, require a different approach and the paper shows how a new time-domain approach enables model structures and the parameters to be identified incrementally.
Towards a Wind Tunnel Testing Environment for Rotorcraft Operations Close to Obstacles
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Taymourtash Neda , Zagaglia Daniele , Zanotti Alex , Gibertini Giuseppe , Quaranta Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

The correct identification of the aerodynamic loads due to interaction between rotorcraft and obstacles requires to run computationally intensive numerical models characterized by a high level of uncertainty. Wind tunnel data can be used as a source of information to improve those models. The present paper investigates the aerodynamic interaction of a helicopter and ship airwake exploiting wind tunnel data. A series of wind tunnel experiment, using a scaled helicopter model and Simple Frigate Shape 1, has been performed to measure forces and moments acting on the rotor, while the helicopter is approaching the flight deck. In addition, the velocity components along the longitudinal symmetry plane of the rotor have been visualized using PIV technique. With the rotor positioned at the starting point of the landing trajectory, the load measurements are used to modify the distribution of the inflow over the rotor in multibody simulation environment, in order to generate same loads, including thrust, torque and in-plane moments. Then, an identification algorithm is developed to capture the effect of ship airwake on the rotor loads during the maneuvers, modeling it as an external gust to the rotor inflow. The gust velocity is obtained through an optimization algorithm with the objective of generating same load coefficients as the experiment. The simulation results show that the same load coefficients as the experiment can be generated by implementing a linear gust over the rotor with a magnitude that changes as the rotor moves through the wake of ship. The experiment showed that this test setup could be used for identification of aerodynamic interaction to be used for maneuver analysis.
Simple Inflow and Structural Dynamics of a Coaxial Rotor with Time Delays and Adjoint Variables
Authors:   Washington University St. Louis, Seidel Cory , Peters David
Published: July 2023

The flow field and rotor dynamics of a coaxial rotor system are studied with particular emphasis on the dynamics resulting from the time delays and adjoint variables of coupled induced flow. The adjoint variables must be solved backwards in time.) Solution methods are developed, tested on a single lifting-rotor system, and the processes are confirmed with the closed form solution of the single rotor system. The study of flow between the rotor disks of a coaxial system is based on Fei’s work investigating flow below the rotor disk using the adjoint theorem. In this paper, two cases of input parameters based on load sharing are examined to show the dependence of the velocity states (a1, a2, b1, b2), velocity co-state (d1), and blade flapping state variables on the system inputs in the presence of time delays and adjoint variables.
An Innovative Approach for Establishing Power Train Inspection Intervals of Modern Helicopters
Authors:   Starmark Aviation, Green David ,   HHC Data Lab, Harrison Dr. ,   University of South Carolina, Bayoumi Dr. ,   Bell Helicopter Textron Inc., Nouri Hamid
Published: July 2023

Modern transmissions are the product of years of development. The newest materials and software are typically used to design helicopter power trains that are expected to safely endure operations traditionally characterized as representing composite worst-case usage, a level of usage severity that is well above the limits established in the OEM flight manual. In addition, the introduction of Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring programs has systematically constrained the actual usage to a level of severity that is substantially below that allowed by the OEM flight manual. Validation projects have enabled experience to be accumulated with a variety of helicopters and this has demonstrated that many helicopters are currently operating in a way that is best described as involving benign usage. This is partially because the assemblies are so robust and partially because some helicopter usage is systematically constrained to the flight profiles that are actually needed to accomplish the missions. This paper finds that a significant portion of most modern helicopter fleets actually experience benign usage. This finding supports the conclusion that helicopter OEMs can and should provide operators with the option to choose either the traditional inspection intervals for unmonitored operations or choose a set of longer supplemental inspection intervals for helicopters involved in monitored flight operations.
NexGen UAS in the Counter Integrated Air Defense Environment
Authors:   Boeing Vertical Lift, Swinsick Scott , Gideonse Hendrik
Published: July 2023

The majority of the content of this paper and briefing was drawn from the NexGen UAS Final Report, Vertical Lift Consortium NexGen UAS Phase 1 dated 29 June 2018 and results from Boeing's 2018 Modernized Vertical Lift Analysis. This discussion will focus on the Future Operating Environment of the NexGen Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and Boeing's approach to designing a NexGen UAS to meet the needs of that environment. The process presented here was defined in the NexGen Tactical UAS Concept Exploration Phase 1 as part of the NexGen UAS Sensitivities and Trade-off Analysis.
Comparative analysis on efficiency and accuracy of parallel confocal microscopy and three-dimensional in motion video with triangulation technology-based intraoral scanner under influence of moisture and mouth opening – A crossover clinical trial
Authors: Sindhu J. Senthamil , Maiti Subhabrata , Nallaswamy Deepak
Published: July 2023

Aim:

The intraoral scanners are digital devices used to digitise the oral tissues. The accuracy of the intraoral scanners has been studied under different environmental conditions, but there might be differences that occur in the actual oral environment, which is still in question. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of Parallel Confocal Microscopy and 3D in motion video with triangulation technology-based intraoral scanners under the influence of moisture and mouth opening.

Settings and Design:

This was an Cross over clinical controlled study.

Materials and Methods:

The controlledin vivostudy included healthy subjects who were in need of CBCT for the purpose of locating the position of unerupted third molars before going abroad for a job. The subjects were exposed to scans in the upper and lower jaws with two intraoral scanners based on 3D motion video technology with triangulation (Medit) and parallel confocal microscopy (Trios) under the influence of two oral conditions, which were moisture (presence and absence of moisture) and mouth opening (30 mm and 50 mm, respectively). A total of 96 scans were obtained and superimposed individually over the reference CBCT scans to find the deviations in the Geomagic Rapidform (version 2020, USA) software. The efficiency of the scanners was calculated by recording the time taken and the number of images obtained after each scan.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The significance was calculated by using the independent and paired samplettest in SPSS software (IBM, version 23).

Results:

Based on the surface analysis, the trueness of the intra-oral scanners had statistically significant differences when compared between 3D in motion video technology with Triangulation and Parallel Confocal Microscopy (P< 0.05) whereas no statistical significance was observed in precision. There was a significant difference observed in the efficiency of the intra-oral scanners (P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

There is a significant difference in the accuracy and efficiency of the intraoral scanners under the influence of oral conditions, such as different moisture levels and mouth opening conditions. 3D in motion video technology with Triangulation showed better results with the least deviation than Parallel Confocal Microscopy.
Effects of Smoking on Controlled Hypotension with Nitroglycerin during Ear-Nose-Throat Surgery
Authors: Sinoglu B , Ersoy A
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

In this study, the aim was to research the effects of smoking habits on controlled hypotension administered with nitroglycerin during ear-nose-throat surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This study administered controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin and total intravenous anesthesia to a total of 80 patients undergoing septoplasty operations. The patients were divided into two groups of 40 non-smokers (Group 1) and 40 smokers (Group 2). Intravenous propofol infusion was used for anesthesia maintenance. Nitroglycerin with 0.25–1 μg/kg/min dose was titrated to provide controlled hypotension. During this process, the hemodynamic parameters of patients, total propofol and nitroglycerin amounts used, operation duration, and duration of controlled hypotension were recorded at the end of the operation. At the end of the operation, the surgeon assessed the lack of blood in the surgical field with Fromme Scale.

Results:

Fromme scale values were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1. The MAP values at 10, 20, 30 min, and end of operation were lower, while 10- and 20-min heart rate values were higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1.

Conclusion:

Nitroglycerin, chosen for controlled hypotension to reduce hemorrhage in the surgical field during nasal surgery, was shown to cause more pronounced hypotension and reflex tachycardia due to endothelial dysfunction linked to nicotine in patients who smoke. Despite lower pressure values in the smoking group, the negative effects of nicotine on platelet functions combined with similar effects of nitroglycerin to increase bleeding amounts.
Course of Acute Pancreatitis Patients with Renal Failure According to Balthazar Classification
Authors: Kilic G , Kilic GE , Özkahraman A , Konur S , Dertli R , Kayar Y
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

There are criteria that include many organ systems to predict the prognosis in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. In this study, we aimed to show how the course of the disease changes according to the Balthazar classification in AP patients presenting with renal failure.

Methods and Materials:

Our study included 352 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Service of our hospital and were diagnosed and hospitalized with AP. According to the Balthazar score, patients with scores of 0–2, 4–6, and 8–10 were evaluated as mild, moderate, and severe AP, respectively. Demographic data (age, gender) of all patients were documented. The etiology of AP was determined in all patients. Biliary, drug/toxic, alcohol, infections, hyperlipidemia, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), genetics, hypercalcemia, structural anomalies, and malignancy were evaluated as the etiology. Those without any underlying pathology were evaluated as idiopathic AP. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without renal insufficiency. All patients underwent helical computed tomography (section 64, Aquilion; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo) within the first 12 hours and between days 3 and 7. Pancreas, peripancreatic and extrapancreatic findings, and complications were examined. “The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19.0 (SPSS Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.)” was used for all analyses. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and histograms were used to determine whether there was a normal distribution. The non-parametric data of the groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and the parametric data using the ındependent t test. Chi-square test was used to test categorical data. Cases with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

While 22 (6.2%) patients had renal insufficiency, 332 (95.8%) patients did not have renal insufficiency. In the evaluation made in terms of AP severity; according to Balthazar classification at admission, there was no difference in mild and moderate pancreatitis for kidney insufficiency in both groups, but it was significantly higher in the group with severe pancreatitis [2 (9.1%) versus 1 (0.3%), P < 0.001]. In the evaluation made after 72 hours; renal failure was significantly lower in the group with mild pancreatitis [11 (50.0%) versus 245 (73.8%), P: 0.016] and severe renal failure was significantly higher in severe pancreatitis [7 (31.8%) versus 13 (%) 3.9), P < 0.001].

Conclusions:

Early intensive care unit admission and close follow-up and early treatment in AP patients change the course of the disease. In our study, we showed that serum creatinine level is an important parameter in the course of AP and has a predictive value for the course of the disease.
Leucocyte Volume, Conductivity, and Scatter at Presentation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Örmen M , Doruk ÖG , Gözgöz H , Kutlu A , Nurcan G , Sevinç C , Appak Ö , Kutsoylu OE , Bayraktar F , Yanturalı S , Tuncel P
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

In COVID-19 patients, besides changes in leucocyte count, morphological abnormalities of circulating blood cells have been reported.

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the morphological and functional properties of leucocytes and the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples were collected from COVID-19 patients (n = 130) at the time of admission. The patients were stratified according to the comorbidity, age, LDH, lymhocyte count score as mild, moderate, and severe. Complete blood count and the cell population data were analyzed by the Volume, conductivity, scatter (VCS) technology on Beckman Coulter LH-780 hematology analyzer. Kruskal–Wal`lis test was used to assess the differences between the groups with subsequent Bonferroni correction.

Results:

Neutrophil count was increased, and lymphocyte count was decreased in severe patients compared to mild patients. The increase in the percent of neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the severe patient group was significant in comparison to both the moderate and the mild group. The dispersion of the neutrophil volume and conductivity showed significant changes depending on the severity of the disease. The lymphocyte volume, lymphocyte-volume-SD and lymphocyte-conductivity as well as the monocyte-volume and monocyte-volume-SD were significantly increased in severe patients in comparison to mild patients. The increase of lymphocyte and monocyte volume in severe patients was also significant in comparison to moderate patients.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 infection leads to important changes in cell population data of leucocytes. The volumetric changes in lymphocytes and monocytes are related to the severity of the disease.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapies in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Effects on Clinical Characteristics and Triglyceride-to-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio
Authors: Erkek ET , Isik AC , Ipek Y , Kul AN
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prognosis. However, TKIs are associated with dyslipidemia and impaired glucosehomeostasis. Triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) is proposed to be an indicator of insulin resistance and atherogenic index, but there is no research on TG/HDL-C alterations in patients receiving TKIs for CML. We aimed to evaluate relationships between TKI type/count, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results (particularly TG/HDL-C) in CML patients.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 104 patients with chronic phase CML were enrolled in the study. All patients received initial imatinib therapy at 400 mg daily, the type or dose of TKI was then changed according to treatment response and clinical outcomes. Patients were compared with respect to TG/HDL-C categorization (>2.5 versus <2.5), number of TKIs used, and use of imatinib as the only TKI.

Results:

The median TG/HDL-C was 2.82 (1.03–17.33) and this ratio was higher than 2.5 in 59 (56.7%) patients. Patients with high TG/HDL-C had a significantly higher age than patients with low values (P < 0.001). Recipients of more than one TKI had higher EUTOS risk score and white blood cell (WBC) count (P < 0.05). Recipients of imatinib as the only TKI had higher age, low EOTUS risk score, low WBC, and low neutrophil count (all, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

TG/HDL-C values were not associated with the number of different TKIs used or the use of imatinib only in chronic-phase patients with CML. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to determine whether TG/HDL-C can be used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in TKI recipients.
The Impact of Infant Feeding and Oral Hygiene Habits on Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bulut G , Kilinç G
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Early Childhood Caries (ECC)/severe-ECC (S-ECC) and prolonged breast-feeding (BF), bottle-feeding, and oral hygiene habits in 0-year-old to 5-year-old Turkish children.

Patients and Methods:

Dental examinations were performed on 255 patients to determine the prevalence of the ECC and the S-ECC as per the definition of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. To predict the progress rate of caries, noncavitated and cavitated lesion scores were assessed by using the International caries detection and assessment system II criteria. Information on infant feeding practices, oral hygiene habits, maternal characteristics, and demographic features were gathered by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically evaluated.

Results:

There were no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the ECC. And there were also no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the S-ECC. Cavitated lesions were more common in children breastfed at night for 18-23 months compared to 12-17 months (P = 0.031). Sweetened bottle was an impact factor on caries experience (P = 0.042). A significant correlation was found for dmft, S-ECC, and the cavitated lesions regarding sugar consumption (P = .001, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). Early introduction to tooth-brushing and regular dental visits were significantly effective in reducing the ECC (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively).

Conclusion:

BF and bottle-feeding practices were not associated with the ECC/S-ECC. Sweetened bottles and sugary foods are strong risk factors for the ECC/S-ECC.
Intralipid and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Reverse the Neurotoxic Effects of Organophosphate Poisoning in Rats
Authors: Basarslan SK. , Basarslan F
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Organophosphate (Op)-containing herbicides continue to be widely used in the world. Although its usage and intoxication are widespread, the studies on organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity and treatment protocols are very few in the literature.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of caffeic acid phenyl ester with/without intralipid on neurotoxicity produced by acute intoxication of glyphosate isopropylamine in an experimental rat model.

Materials And Methods:

Forty-nine wistar albino rats were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups: I, control; II, intralipid (IL); III, caffeic acid phenyl esther (CAPE); IV, glyphosate isopropylamine (GI); V, GI + IL; VI, GI + CAPE; and VII, GI + IL + CAPE. Total antioxidant and oxidant status levels were gauged, and the oxidative stress index was calculated in the serum samples. On the other hand, the tissues were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining protocol and counted up by immunohistochemical method. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:

Compared to the control, IL, and GI + IL + CAPE groups, the GI group significantly decreased the total antioxidant levels in brain tissues. In a supportive nature, a significant increase in the oxidative site index (OSI) in the GI group compared to other groups. Especially standing out point of these findings is the significant difference between the GI + IL + CAPE and the GI group. Parallelly, histopathological analysis extended severe neurotoxicity in the GI group. Neurotoxic status was reduced significantly in the GI + CAPE + IL group. The histopathologic examinations confirmed biochemical results. The results also revealed that CAPE and IL, probably their antioxidant effects, have a rehabilitative effect on neurotoxicity caused by GI.

Conclusion:

Therefore, CAPE and IL may function as potential cleansing and scavenger agents for supportive therapy regarding tissue damage or facilitate the therapeutic effects of the routine treatment of the patient with GI poisoning.
Awareness of ideal sitting posture among professional bus drivers in Pune city
Authors: Tawade Shubham Shailesh , Patel Farheen Salim
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Ergonomics is a scientific study related to the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a work system. From various studies, it was revealed that there are the highest rates of musculoskeletal disorders in bus drivers. One of the causes of musculoskeletal disorders is the poor posture from an improperly adjusted seat. An adequate knowledge of the principles of ergonomics of workstation setup can prevent a lot of discomfort and maximize productivity.

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study was to know whether the professional bus drivers are aware of: (a) ideal sitting posture of the body while driving and (b) alignment of the driving seat.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was conducted at Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited depots on 133 bus drivers, and data were collected by interview method using a self-made questionnaire.

RESULTS:

It was found that 93.98% of participants were aware about correct sitting posture while driving in general. The 63.90% were aware about the ideal seat height, 83.83% know about the proper knee position, 84% were aware about the correct positioning of the feet while driving, and 67.66% know about the proper angle of inclination of seat back and the usefulness of adding a lumbar support.

CONCLUSION:

The study concluded that majority of the bus drivers are aware about the ideal sitting posture while driving. It indicates the need to ergonomically design the workplace of drivers to decrease the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders which may help in improving their quality of life and the worker's productivity.