bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Swift/UVOT Observations of GOODS-N and the Evolution of the Ultraviolet Luminosity Function at 0.2 < z < 1.2
Authors: Belles Alexander , Gronwall Caryl , Siegel Michael H. , Ciardullo Robin , Page Mat J.
Published: January 2025

We present Swift Ultraviolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) observations of the deep field GOODS-N in four near-UV filters. A catalog of detected galaxies is reported, which will be used to explore galaxy evolution using UV emission. Swift/UVOT observations probe galaxies at z ≲ 1.5 and combine a wide field of view with moderate spatial resolution; these data complement the wide-field observations of Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the deep, high-angular-resolution observations by Hubble Space Telescope. Using our catalog of detected galaxies, we calculate the UV galaxy number counts as a function of apparent magnitude and compute the UV luminosity function (LF) and its evolution with redshift. From the LF fits in various redshift bins, we calculate the star formation rate density as a function of redshift and find evolution consistent with past works. We explore how different assumptions such as dust attenuation corrections can dramatically change how quickly the corrected star formation rate density changes with redshift. At these low redshifts, we find no trend between UV attenuation and redshift or absolute magnitude with significant scatter in the UV spectral slope β. This data set will complement the extensive observations of GOODS-N already in the literature.
Segue 2 Recently Collided with the Cetus-Palca Stream: New Opportunities to Constrain Dark Matter in an Ultra-faint Dwarf
Authors: Foote Hayden R. , Besla Gurtina , Garavito-Camargo Nicolás , Patel Ekta , Thomas Guillaume F. , Bonaca Ana , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Peter Annika H. G. , Zaritsky Dennis , Conroy Charlie
Published: January 2025

Stellar streams in the Milky Way are promising detectors of low-mass dark matter (DM) subhalos predicted by ΛCDM. Passing subhalos induce perturbations in streams that indicate the presence of the subhalos. Understanding how known DM-dominated satellites impact streams is a crucial step toward using stream perturbations to constrain the properties of dark perturbers. Here, we cross-match a Gaia Early Data Release 3 and SEGUE member catalog of the Cetus-Palca stream (CPS) with H3 for additional radial velocity measurements and fit the orbit of the CPS using this six-dimensional (6D) data. We demonstrate for the first time that the ultra-faint dwarf Segue 2 had a recent (77 ± 5 Myr ago) close flyby (within the stream's 2σ width) with the CPS. This interaction enables constraints on Segue 2’s mass and density profile at larger radii (

O
(
1
)

kpc) than are probed by its stars (

O
(
10
)

pc). While Segue 2 is not expected to strongly affect the portion of the stream covered by our 6D data, we predict that if Segue 2’s mass within ∼ 6 kpc is 5 × 109
M
⊙, the CPS's velocity dispersion will be ∼ 40 km s−1 larger at ϕ
1 > 20° than at ϕ
1 < 0°. If no such heating is detected, Segue 2’s mass cannot exceed 109
M
⊙ within ∼ 6 kpc. The proper motion distribution of the CPS near the impact site is mildly sensitive to the shape of Segue 2’s density profile. This study presents a critical test for frameworks designed to constrain properties of dark subhalos from stream perturbations.
Hydrogen Column Density Variability in a Sample of Local Compton-thin AGN II
Authors: Pizzetti A. , Torres-Albà N. , Marchesi S. , Buchner J. , Cox I. , Zhao X. , Neal S. , Sengupta D. , Silver R. , Ajello M.
Published: January 2025

We present the multiepoch analysis of 13 variable, nearby (z ≲ 0.1), and Compton-thin (1022 < N
H < 1.5 × 1024 cm−2) active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected from the 105-month BAT catalog. Analyzing all available archival soft and hard X-ray observations, we investigate the line-of-sight hydrogen column density (N
H,los) variability on timescales ranging from a few days to approximately 20 yr. Each source is analyzed by simultaneously modeling the data with three physical torus models, providing tight constraints on torus properties, including the covering factor, the cloud dispersion, and the torus average hydrogen column density (N
H,av). Our final sample includes 27 variable, Compton-thin AGN after implementing another 14 AGN analyzed in our previous work. We find that all sources require either flux or N
H,los variability. Based on the degree of variability, we classify 37% of them as “N
H,los Variable,” 44% as “Nonvariable in N
H,los,” and 19% as “Undetermined.” Noticeably, there is no discernible difference between geometrical and intrinsic properties among the three variability classes, suggesting no intrinsic differences between the N
H,los-variable and nonvariable sources within the considered sample. We measure the median variation in N
H,los between any observation pair of the same source to be 25% with respect to the lowest N
H,los measure in the pair. Furthermore, 48% of the analyzed sources require the inclusion of a Compton-thick reflector in the spectral fitting. Among these, 30% exhibit recorded 22 GHz water megamaser emission, suggesting a potential shared nature between the two structures.
Bar Instability and Formation Timescale across Toomre’s Q Parameter and Central Mass Concentration: Slow Bar Formation or True Stability
Authors: Worrakitpoonpon T.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the bar formation process using N-body simulations across the Toomre’s parameter Q

min

and central mass concentration (CMC), focusing principally on the formation timescale. Of importance is that, as suggested by cosmological simulations, disk galaxies have a limited time of ~8 Gyr in the Universe’s timeline to evolve secularly, starting when they became physically and kinematically steady to prompt the bar instability. By incorporating this time limit, bar-unstable disks are further subdivided into those that establish a bar before and after that time, namely, the normal and the slowly bar-forming disks. Simulations demonstrate that evolutions of bar strengths and configurations of the slowly bar-forming and the bar-stable cases are nearly indistinguishable prior to 8 Gyr, albeit dynamically distinct, while differences can be noticed afterward. Differentiating them before 8 Gyr is possible by identifying the proto-bar, a signature of bar development visible in kinematical maps such as the Fourier spectrogram and the angular velocity field, which emerges in the former group 1–2 Gyr before the fully developed bar, whereas it is absent in the latter group until 8 Gyr and such bar-stable disk remains unbarred until at least 10 Gyr. In addition, we find complicated interplays between Q

min

and CMC in regulating the bar formation. First, disk stabilization requires both high Q

min

and CMC. Either high Q

min

or high CMC only results in slow bar formation. Second, some hot disks can form a bar more rapidly than the colder ones in a specific range of Q

min

and CMC.
Timescales of Solar System Formation Based on Al–Ti Isotope Correlation by Supernova Ejecta
Authors: Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Hibiya Yuki , Yoshihara Satoshi , Hayakawa Takehito
Published: January 2025

The radioactive decay of short-lived 26Al–26Mg has been used to estimate the timescales over which 26Al was produced in a nearby star and the protosolar disk evolved. The chronology commonly assumes that 26Al was uniformly distributed in the protosolar disk; however, this assumption is challenged by the discordance between the timescales defined by the Al–Mg and assumption-free Pb–Pb chronometers. We find that the 26Al heterogeneity is correlated with the nucleosynthetic stable Ti isotope variation, which can be ascribed to the nonuniform distribution of ejecta from a core-collapse supernova in the disk. We use the Al–Ti isotope correlation to calibrate variable 26Al abundances in Al–Mg dating of early solar system processes. The calibrated Al–Mg chronometer indicates a ≥1 Myr gap between parent body accretion ages of carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous chondrites. We further use the Al–Ti isotope correlation to constrain the timing and location of the supernova explosion, indicating that the explosion occurred at 20–30 pc from the protosolar cloud, 0.94 +0.25/–0.21 Myr before the formation of the oldest solar system solids. Our results imply that the Sun was born in association with a ∼25 M
ʘ star.
La justice économique est-elle dissuasive ?
Authors: Deffains Bruno , Fournier de Crouy Nathalie
Published: January 2025

À partir de quatre affaires réelles et récentes (Deliveroo, France Télécom, Dieselgate, Mediator), l’article s’interroge sur le niveau de dissuasion nécessaire pour détourner une entreprise d’une décision économique prise au mépris d’un droit fondamental pouvant causer un dommage de masse. Dans un premier temps, il chiffre le coût global des sanctions juridiques prononcées dans ces quatre affaires et l’économie de dépense recherchée par l’entreprise à travers le manquement reproché. Dans un second temps, il estime ce qu’aurait été la « sanction optimale », au sens du modèle économique de la dissuasion de Gary Becker et discute de l’opportunité d’un tel niveau de sanction. Enfin, si la dissuasion par les chiffres ne suffit toujours pas ou n’est économiquement pas souhaitable en raison de ses répercussions, la justice restaurative offre peut-être des potentialités à explorer afin de rendre l’économie, plus éthique et redistributive. La réparation en nature du droit commun de la responsabilité civile autorise le juge à être créatif.
La réforme du droit international de l’investissement dans le cadre des transitions vers la durabilité et la paix économique
Authors: Gleason Ted
Published: January 2025

Cet article examine la contribution des réformes actuelles du droit international de l’investissement, en lien avec les transitions vers la durabilité, au concept émergent de paix économique. Il explore comment le droit international de l’investissement a historiquement contribué à pacifier les relations internationales tout en générant des formes de violence structurelle. L’article interroge sur la capacité des réformes en cours, souvent axées sur les transitions vers la durabilité, à instaurer un régime juridique plus propice à la paix économique. Il identifie les innovations susceptibles de favoriser des relations plus pacifiques, tout en reconnaissant leurs limites. Il conclut qu’en dépit de celles-ci, des outils juridiques émergent qui, bien que fragmentés et imparfaits, peuvent contribuer à des avancées significatives dans le cadre des transitions vers la durabilité et de la paix économique, s’ils sont correctement mis en œuvre.
Mechanism- and data-driven algorithms of electrical energy consumption accounting and prediction for medium and heavy plate rolling
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhou Zimeng , Li Jie , Jing Fengwei
Published: January 2025

Energy consumption accounting and prediction in the medium and thick plate rolling process are crucial for controlling costs, improving production efficiency, optimizing equipment management, and enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises. Starting from the perspective of integrating process mechanism and industrial big data, we overcame the difficulties brought by complex and highly nonlinear coupling of process variables, proposed a rolling power consumption accounting algorithm based on time slicing method, and gave a calculation method for the additional power consumption of the main motor for rough rolling and finishing rolling (auxiliary system power consumption, power loss, main motor power consumption deviation); with the help of SIMS model, forward recursion, and reverse recursion pass rolling force estimation strategies are proposed, and the rated power consumption of the main motor was predicted. Furthermore, a random forest regression model of additional power consumption based on data was established, and then a prediction algorithm for the comprehensive power consumption of billet rolling was given. Experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Maximum principle preserving the unconditionally stable method for the Allen–Cahn equation with a high-order potential
Authors: Kim Junseok
Published: January 2025

We have presented a maximum principle preserving the unconditionally stable scheme for the Allen–Cahn (AC) equation with a high-order polynomial potential. The proposed method ensures the preservation of the maximum principle, a critical characteristic for accurately modeling phase transitions and maintaining physical consistency in simulations. The proposed method uses an operator splitting technique, a numerical approach that decomposes a complex problem into simpler subproblems, solved sequentially, to improve computational efficiency and stability. The operator splitting method applied to the AC equation yields one nonlinear equation and several linear equations. To solve the nonlinear equation, we applied the frozen coefficient method, which approximates variable coefficients in differential equations by treating them as constants within small regions, simplifies the problem, and enables more efficient numerical solutions. For several linear equations, which are diffusion equations, we applied a fully implicit finite difference scheme to obtain unconditional stability. By using these methods, we achieved unconditional stability for the AC equation. To validate the superior performance of the developed algorithm, we performed computational tests. Computational experiments demonstrated its unconditional stability, particularly in handling high-order polynomial potentials. Furthermore, we highlighted a distinctive feature of the AC equation in modeling phase separation under noisy data conditions.
On exponential decay properties of solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Chong Gezi , He Jianxia
Published: January 2025

We study here the special decay properties of real solutions to the initial value problem associated with the (3 + 1)-dimensional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. More precisely, we prove the properties of exponential decay of order $ 3/2 $ above the plane $ x+y+z = 0 $ as time evolves. This property is related with the persistence properties of the solution flow in weighted Sobolev spaces and sharp unique continuation properties of solutions to this problem.
Il ritorno dell’ordoliberalismo in Europa
Authors: Pendenza Massimo
Published: January 2025

A distinction must be made between the neoliberalism of the 1970s, an expression of the economic principles of the Vienna and Chicago Schools, and that of the Ordoliberals, economists and jurists of the Freiburg School, active since the 1930s in Germany, then of its postwar reconstruction and finally of the European economic model. Intertwined since the Lippmann Conference in 1938, the two currents, while agreeing on the establishment of a competitive economic order, nevertheless have always held different views on the functioning of the economy. The aim of the article is to show the major divergences between the two variants of neoliberalism (and between the Viennese and the Chicagoans), as well as to demonstrate that the economic governance of the European Union rests more on the latter than on the former, to the extent that today one could speak, especially after the 2008 financial crisis, of the ordoliberalization of Europe.
Finanza, finanziarizzazione, neoliberismo
Authors: Salento Angelo
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the relationship between neoliberalism and financialization. It is widely recognized that financial accumulation plays a central role in the neoliberal era, both because neoliberalism is fundamentally supported by financial actors and because its epistemology has operated as a lever for the expansion of financial transactions and the power of financial actors. However, the boundary between the two constructs remains uncertain, also because the expansion of financial accumulation is not exclusive to the neoliberal era. Therefore, in this contribution, after identifying the essential features of financialization processes described by the classics of social sciences, it is argued that what distinctively characterizes financialization in the neoliberal era are two interconnected aspects: the pervasive influence of finance and financial calculation on economic governance (particularly the codification of shareholder value maximization as the keystone of corporate control, i.e., as the primary goal of companies’ economic actions) and the impact of contemporary financialization on the dynamics of social reproduction through a process of financialization of the foundational economy.
Fare un passo di lato per farne due avanti
Authors: Esposto Edoardo , Moini Giulio
Published: January 2025

The article aims to position itself within the contemporary theoretical debate on the crisis of the historical primacy of neoliberalism. Many commentators have seen in the public spending programs implemented to address the pandemic crisis a confirmation of the trend that emerged during the 2008 crisis, namely the end of the dogma of reducing public spending and forbidding any form of State intervention aimed at redistribution. These events are interpreted as the beginning of a new phase of post-neoliberalism. But is it so? Are we facing the definitive crisis and historical overcoming of neoliberalism, or are we instead facing a new variegation of it which – as has happened in other historical moments – allows this paradigm to survive and reproduce?
AI and VR-Powered Interventions for Social Anxiety
Authors: Boadu Dennis Opoku , Boafo Fredrick , Owusu-Ansah Lilian Ama , Mensah Solomon
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the potential benefits and efficacy of incorporating Artificial Intelligence into mental health interventions for individuals battling social anxiety. The objective is to evaluate how different AI interventions influence the reduction of symptoms, social functioning, and overall quality of life. The research will examine the feasibility of AI as a means of delivering Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and compare its effectiveness with established therapeutic approaches. The methodology involves a systematic literature review and comprehensive database searches. The findings suggest that AI therapy chatbots, which use machine learning to deliver individualized interventions, present an accessible and scalable alternative for mental health assistance, with the potential to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) efficiently tackles social anxiety, although further study on AI's effectiveness in this setting is needed.
Evaluation of different protocols using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with curcumin and blue led light control of Escherichia coli in vitro
Authors: Muniz Igor Pereira Ribeiro , Calado Stefano Pedro de Melo , Ribeiro Israel Souza , Galantini Maria Poliana Leite , Gonçalves Caroline Vieira , Rosa Luciano Pereira , Rosa Francine Cristina Silva , Silva Robson Amaro Augusto da
Published: January 2025

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacterium extremely relevant in the context of public health, being involved in the development of several diseases worldwide. The main treatment available for infections caused by E. coli is the use of antibiotics. However, several strains of this bacterium have shown resistance to available antibiotics, necessitating the development of alternative treatment methodologies. In this scenario, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) emerges as an excellent viable alternative to antibiotic use. This study aimed to standardize protocols based on aPDT utilizing curcumin as photosensitizer activated by blue LED light for the control of E. coli in vitro. Curcumin solutions of 60, 80, and 100 μg mL-1 were made and photoactivated by blue LED light with fluencies of 6.6, 13.2, and 19.8 J cm-2. E. coli (ATCC® 25922 ™) was cultured for 24 hours at 37 °C. Bacterial suspensions of 1.5 x 106 CFU mL-1 were exposed to aPDT treatments. Control groups were established for each light dose and curcumin concentration. Protocols using 80 and 100 μg mL-1 curcumin solution with19.8 J cm-2 irradiation effectively inhibited bacterial growth, suggesting significant antibacterial activity (p-value < 0.05), and are recommended for this purpose.
Evaluation of wound healing activity of Rhizophora mangle in cream
Authors: Sá Jéssica Guido de Araújo , Souza Ivone Antonia de , Marcelino Neto Pedro Paulo , Santana Eduarda Santos de , Vieira Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso
Published: January 2025

Although tissue repair is an evolution of the body itself to resolve the wound, many need special care for proper healing. Medicinal plants, such as Rhizophora mangle, have a traditional use for wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the healing potential of aqueous extract of leaves of R. mangle (AELRm) in cream for surgical wounds in rats. Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to surgical wound care and divided into three groups of 15 animals each: Control group (saline solution at 0.9%), Standard group (dexpanthenol at 5%) and AELRm group (aqueous extract of leaves of R. mangle in cream at 5%), undergoing euthanasia on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days. Morphometric and histomorphometric studies of the wounds were performed, as well as macroscopical evaluation of them. The treated group showed uniform wounds and no infection, but the macroscopic analysis showed no difference on the 15th day among the three groups due to the rectangular shape of the initial wound. The microscopic study showed that all animals treated with AELRm in cream showed complete re-epithelialization on the 15th postoperative day (p = 0.033) in relation to the standard group (582.21 μm) and Control group (968.89 μm). The present study shows that the topical use of AELRm in cream at 5% has a significant effect on re-epithelialization of surgical wounds in rats.
Taxonomic composition of epilithic diatoms and indicator role in freshwater pools and the effect of pollution in the Keban Dam lake, Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Vesile , Demirkapu Selda
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to determine the epilithic diatom flora of stations exposed to pollutants of different characteristics, to test the relationships of these diatoms with water quality and the suitability of environmental quality indicators, and to determine different indicators of various quality pollutants for the rapid assessment of ecological pollution. Additionally, determining the ecological impact of both industrial and domestic waste on the reservoir in the region and determining whether the diatom community changes when exposed to various pollutants (including potential mortality), especially its role as an indicator of metal pollution; Samples taken from stations where domestic and industrial wastes were discharged with different chemical properties were evaluated and investigated. A total of 100 species were identified for Bacillariophyta. Although there was no significant change in the number of the species among the stations, significant changes were observed in the community structure. While Achnanthidium minutissimum, Fragilaria capucina, Gomphonema parvulum, Nitzschia palea and Surirella angustatum were the dominant diatoms in the impermeable artificial pool where the industrial wastewater of the factory was collected, Nitzschia amphibia, N. palea, N. recta and Ulnaria ulna were the dominant diatoms of the station where domestic wastewater was discharged. In the dam area where domestic wastewater is discharged, Fragilaria capucina Ulnaria ulna and Diatoma vulgaris are the dominant diatoms. Achnanthidium minutissimum, Gomphonema parvulum Navicula cinta and Nitzschia amphibia, N. angustata were the dominant diatoms of the station where both domestic and industrial wastewater was discharged. It was determined that benthic diatoms responded to different types of waste by changing their species composition, and that the change in the benthic community was not due to seasonal differences in stations under the influence of pollutants with different chemical properties. Diatom taxa which are known to tolerate metal concentrations, diatom diversities, and teratologies were determined.
Review Midgut microbial diversity and their role in insect pest management
Authors: Kariyanna Bheeranna , Nelluri Sai Pooja
Published: January 2025

Insects, with over a million species, exhibit intricate associations with microorganisms, particularly in their gut microbiota. The insect gut microbiota, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, significantly influences nutrient digestion, metabolism and immune system modulation. From harmful parasites to beneficial mutualists, symbiotic associations impact insect development and adaptability, with specific microbial communities highlighted across various species. The composition of insect gut microbiomes, shaped by factors like insect development and ecological conditions. Additionally, insect gut microbes serve as taxonomic markers, aiding accurate species identification, even in challenging taxonomic groups. The potential of gut microbes in pest management is explored, spanning biopesticides, symbiotic relationships for pest suppression and microbial endophytes in plant defense. Advances in microbial genomics enable precision targeting within the insect gut microbiome, offering tailored interventions and emphasizing ecological considerations for sustainable deployment. In summary, this detailed understanding of insect-microbe interactions holds promise for innovative and sustainable pest management strategies, revolutionizing approaches to agriculture and ecological management. This review explores the diverse roles of midgut bacterial diversity in insect pest management, covering physiological aspects within the insect host and ecological implications for pest populations.
Dorantes longtail, Thorybes dorantes (Lepidotopera: Hesperiidae): first record for Canada and probable origin
Authors: Johnson Marc T.J. , Johnson Reagan A.
Published: January 2025

We report the first observation of the Dorantes longtail, Thorybes dorantes (Stoll, 1790) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), in Canada. On 16 April 2023, a single adult was observed on the northwest shore of Lake Ontario, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The observation represents a 1500- to 2000-km disjunction from the species’ nearest known populations in North America. After considering several scenarios that could explain the occurrence of the Dorantes longtail in Canada, the most likely explanation is that the observed individual came in on produce through the Ontario Food Terminal, Etobicoke, Ontario, providing another example of the constant pressure of species introductions to the region.
To destroy or not? A Cognitive Linguistics exploration of Yahweh’s (un)willingness to destroy Israel in Deuteronomy
Authors: Connoway Izaak J.L.
Published: January 2025

Deuteronomy portrays Yahweh as both willing (e.g. Dt 28:63) and unwilling (Dt 4:31; 10:10) to destroy Israel, which creates one tension worthy of exploration. Of the three most prominent verbs of destruction, two [שׁמד and אבד] are constantly used in affirmative statements, and one [שׁחת] is continuously negated. However, these elude being divided into two levels of severity. Beyond that, in some verses (e.g. Dt 4:26) it appears that Israel is threatened with annihilation for idolatry after they cross the Jordan while their continued existence is also noted in the context, which creates another tension worthy of exploration. Secondary literature does not always seem aware of these tensions or the need to address them. This article sought to explore the tensions of Yahweh’s willingness and unwillingness to destroy Israel and whether the annihilation of Israel is in view in these verses (e.g. Dt 4:6), as well as the role these verbs play in these matters. This study used a literary approach for secondary sources. A theory-driven data-informed method of analysis and Discourse Analysis, both emanating from Cognitive Linguistics (CL), were used to analyse the Hebrew text. The study found that when שׁמד and אבד are used for future judgement for idolatry once Israel crosses the Jordan (e.g. Dt 4:26), they never refer to the annihilation of Israel. Although the judgement described there does involve severe casualties, the focus is on being removed from Canaan rather than the nation being annihilated. In Deuteronomy 9, however, שׁמד does refer to annihilation since it is coordinated with verbs of annihilation, indicating Yahweh’s intent to wipe Israel out at Horeb.Contribution: This article grounds previously obtained semantic insight to address two mostly unidentified tensions in Deuteronomy and also explores the role that specific verbs play in addressing them. It also provides insight into divine judgement by destruction in the book of Deuteronomy.
CROUZON SYNDROME
Authors: Chandra Navin
Published: January 2025

A 27 year old male patient presented with sudden onset of pain, redness, photophobia and diminution of vision in left eye since 10 days, no past history of ocular injury.

At presentation visual acuity in right eye was 6/9 and that of left eye was HM +ve, on slit lamp examination corneal ulcer with hypopyon was diagnosed.

On general examination maxillary hypoplasia, parrot beak nose, broad hands with short fingers, acanthosis nigricans were present. X-ray cervical spine, skull, hands and foot showed typical picture of Crouzon syndrome.

Because of rarity of presentation case is being reported.
Anemia in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Al Riyami Mohamed S.
Published: January 2025

Anemia is a common and significant complication in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which increases in prevalence as the disease progresses. Studies from the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) report that up to 60% of children with CKD stage G2 and over 80% of those with CKD G5 are affected by anemia. This condition contributes to a range of clinical manifestations, including fatigue, pallor, and cognitive impairment and increases the need for blood transfusions and hospitalizations, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. The etiology of anemia in CKD is multifactorial, involving erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency, iron deficiency, inflammation, blood loss, and the effects of medications. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) have issued guidelines for anemia management, which emphasize the need for individualized treatment strategies, such as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation. However, challenges remain regarding optimal hemoglobin targets, and ongoing research is needed to balance the benefits of ESAs with potential cardiovascular risks. This review highlights the complexities of anemia in pediatric CKD, the role of key factors such as erythropoietin and iron in red blood cell maturation, and the importance of a tailored approach to treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Seroreactivity and response rates among whole blood donors: Enhancing safety and counseling practices for future improvement
Authors: Garg Sachin , Kamra Hemlata Thakurdas , Kumar Rakesh , Jain Romesh , Gupta Anubhav
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) pose significant risks in blood transfusion, especially among multitransfused patients. Despite mandatory screening for TTIs in India, the risk persists due to donations during the window period. Blood centers are ethically obligated to notify and counsel TTI-reactive donors, improving blood safety and donor health. This study aims to determine the response rate of notified TTI-reactive donors and identify high-risk factors among reactive blood donors, facilitating timely interventions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care referral center in North India from July 2017 to February 2020. Screening for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, and syphilis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay tests, respectively. Initial seroreactive donors were contacted telephonically and advised to report for repeat testing and counseling. The response rate was calculated as the number of responders divided by the number of notified donors. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info version 7.0, with significance at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

Out of 25,881 blood donors, 574 (2.22%) were initially seroreactive. The seroreactivity rate was higher among replacement donors (3.27%) than voluntary donors (2.06%). Telephonic contact was established with 471 (82%) notified donors, with a response rate of 42.88%. Repeat reactive donors were predominantly from the 18 to 30 years of age group, and 86.6% revealed one or more high-risk histories. The most common risk factors were tattooing, promiscuous behavior, and injectable treatment without sterility.

DISCUSSION:

The seroreactivity rate observed aligns with regional studies, indicating a consistent TTI risk. Higher seroreactivity among replacement donors underscores the need to promote voluntary donation. Challenges in donor notification due to incomplete contact information highlight the necessity for rigorous predonation counseling and accurate data collection.

CONCLUSION:

Contacting and tracing reactive donors remains a significant challenge in India due to fragmented and decentralized blood transfusion services. Recommendations include enhancing pre-donation counseling, accurate demographic data collection, and centralized data systems to improve donor notification and response rates. Implementing national guidelines can standardize practices, ensuring comprehensive counseling and referral, ultimately improving blood safety and donor health.
Selection of blood bag systems by objective evaluation: A scientific approach
Authors: Deb Joyisa , Jain Ashish , Banerjee Pradip , Kumari Dixa , Prasanth Vaidehi , Khiamniungan Chanchi B. , Kaur Daljit , Negi Gita
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

With the advent of different technologies, multiple manufacturers are producing blood bag systems with different salient features. It is important for transfusion services to select a blood bag system with the best features and quality. This requires an objective evaluation with emphasis on the donor and user experience. Based on a validated questionnaire, this study aimed to design a system for the objective evaluation of two or more blood bag systems from different manufacturers.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

A case–control observational study was conducted over a period of 1 month at a tertiary care center involving regular repeat voluntary whole blood donors, phlebotomists, and technical staff. A questionnaire was designed based on focused study group discussions and was validated. The new blood bag system comprised the case arm (n = 30), while the routinely used blood bag system comprised the control arm (n = 30). Responses were recorded for both arms and analyzed.

RESULTS:

Needle prick was reported as painful by 83% of study donor population (P < 0.005). Eighty-nine percent of the phlebotomists reported that needle penetration force was more for the novel blood bag system (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

The novel blood bag system had certain limitations about the phlebotomy and needle characteristics which may affect the donor and phlebotomist’s experience. The blood components did not deviate in quality parameters as per the guidelines of national standard bodies. A similar evaluation of any newly procured reagent and supply item should be done before introduction to the blood transfusion services.
Evaluation of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G titers of ABO blood group system in blood donors at a blood center of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhagwat Swarupa Nikhil , Sharma Jayashree Harihara
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

ABO antibodies have implications in platelet transfusions, solid organ, and bone marrow transplants. The study aimed at measuring the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) ABO antibody titers in A, B, and O blood group blood donors and correlating the titers with age, gender, and blood group of donors.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

A prospective observational study was performed over 3 years at a tertiary care blood center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Equal number of A, B, and O group blood donor samples chosen by random sampling were evaluated for titers by doubling dilution using tube method. IgM titers were determined at room temperature. IgG titers were tested at 37°C with anti-IgG antiglobulin reagent after inactivating IgM antibodies by dithiothreitol. The titers were correlated with age, gender, and blood group.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Bonferroni correction were employed for various correlations using IBM SPSS v26 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

A total of 870 samples (290 of each of A, B, and O blood groups) were tested for IgG and IgM antibody titers. IgG anti-A and anti-B titers were significantly higher in blood group O as compared to blood groups B and A. Anti-B IgM titers in group A were significantly higher than anti-A IgM titer in B. The antibody titer showed decreasing trend with age. There was no correlation with gender.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study will help hospitals and blood centers in formulating policies regarding ABO antibody titer estimation in platelet donors and renal transplant recipients in the context of out-of ABO group platelet transfusions and ABO-incompatible renal transplants, respectively.
Morphological analysis of lacrimal punctum using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in different age groups
Authors: Naz Hasan , Tara Shruthi , Reddy Jagadeesh K , Prabu V Rajesh , Thulasidas Mithun
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To evaluate the lacrimal punctal changes in different age groups using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January 2023 and January 2024 including healthy subjects between 20 and 80 years. The selected eyes from healthy patients were divided into four age groups (21–35 years, 36–50 years, 51–65 years, 66–80 years), and lower lacrimal puncta were analyzed using AS-OCT. Outcome measures included external punctal diameter (EPD, distance between the highest points of the punctal papilla), internal punctal diameter (IPD), vertical canalicular depth (VCD), fluid seen within the punctum, and presence of ampulla.

Results:

128 eyes of 64 patients were included with 32 eyes in each group. The mean EPD ranges from 441.5 ± 74.9 μm to 638 ± 138.8 μm among different age groups. The mean IPD varies between 251 ± 22.2 μm and 335 ± 21.6 μm. The mean VCD ranges from 424.2 ± 127.2 μm to 925 ± 144.1 μm among different age groups. The fluid within the punctum in the age group 21–65 years was 85–91%, which decreased notably to 40% in the 66–80 years age group. Ampulla was present in 11 (8.5%) out of 128 eyes. All the punctal parameters were the highest in the premenopausal age group (≤50 years) compared to the postmenopausal age group (P < 0.001). The values of all punctal parameters were higher in males compared to females.

Conclusion:

AS-OCT is a useful tool to evaluate lacrimal punctal structure in vivo. Age-related correlations were found in the punctal quantitative parameters.
Inferior oblique sparing brachytherapy plaque placement for juxtafoveal peripapillary choroidal melanoma
Authors: Lomi Neiwete , Das Deepsekhar , Chawla Bhavna , Herle Ananya
Published: January 2025

Plaque brachytherapy has been used in the management of small to medium-sized choroidal melanomas for the past few decades. As the inferior oblique muscle lies in close relation to the macula, the placement procedure of plaques often involves sacrificing the inferior oblique muscle, especially in cases of macular or perimacular choroidal melanomas. In this study, we have described a simple maneuver to preserve the inferior oblique muscle.
Isfahan Artificial Intelligence Event 2023: Drug Demand Forecasting
Authors: Jahani Meysam , Zojaji Zahra , Montazerolghaem AhmadReza , Palhang Maziar , Ramezani Reza , Golkarnoor Ahmadreza , Safaei Alireza Akhavan , Bahak Hossein , Saboori Pegah , Halaj Behnam Soufi , Naghsh-Nilchi Ahmad R. , Mohamadpoor Fatemeh , Jafarizadeh Saeid
Published: January 2025

Background:

The pharmaceutical industry has seen increased drug production by different manufacturers. Failure to recognize future needs has caused improper production and distribution of drugs throughout the supply chain of this industry. Forecasting demand is one of the basic requirements to overcome these challenges. Forecasting the demand helps the drug to be well estimated and produced at a certain time.

Methods:

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are suitable methods for forecasting demand. The more accurate this forecast is the better it will be to decide on the management of drug production and distribution. Isfahan AI competitions-2023 have organized a challenge to provide models for accurately predicting drug demand. In this article, we introduce this challenge and describe the proposed approaches that led to the most successful results.

Results:

A dataset of drug sales was collected in 12 pharmacies of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This dataset contains 8 features, including sales amount and date of purchase. Competitors compete based on this dataset to accurately forecast the volume of demand. The purpose of this challenge is to provide a model with a minimum error rate while addressing some qualitative scientific metrics.

Conclusions:

In this competition, methods based on AI were investigated. The results showed that machine learning methods are particularly useful in drug demand forecasting. Furthermore, changing the dimensions of the data features by adding the geographic features helps increase the accuracy of models.
Prevalence and clinical implications of anti-drug antibody formation and serum drug levels among patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF therapy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed , Alahmari Mohammed , Aljohani Khulood , Alanazi Aisha , Al Ibrahim Bashaar , Alshowair Mishal , Tawfik Marwa , Alghamdi Waleed , Alanazi Salman , Alzayed Faisal , Alghamdi Abdullah S , Bawazir Abdullah , Alhamidi Hussam
Published: January 2025

Background:

The emergence of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) has considerably changed the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients who do not respond to traditional therapies. This study assesses the prevalence of anti-TNF drug levels (DLs) and antibodies (ATAbs) in patients with IBD in Saudi Arabia and explores their associations with IBD type and prior anti-TNF failure.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included patients aged 14–75 years diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), treated with anti-TNF medications at King Fahad Medical City over January 2016 to December 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson’s Chi-squared test, and multinomial logistic regression.

Results:

Among 392 patients with IBD (median age, 31 years), 75.8% were diagnosed with CD and 24.2% with UC. Anti-TNF levels were subtherapeutic in 27.0% patients, therapeutic in 21.5%, and supratherapeutic in 51.5%. ATAbs were negative in 73.1% patients, weakly positive in 9.8%, and positive in 17.1%. Subtherapeutic anti-TNF levels were significantly associated with positive ATAbs (P < 0.001). Prior anti-TNF therapy failure was observed in 37.2% cases, with 15.3% showing immunogenicity. No significant demographic differences were noted across ATAbs groups.

Conclusion:

We highlight the prevalence of subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic anti-TNF levels among patients with IBD in Saudi Arabia and their association with ATAbs. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring anti-TNF DLs and ATAbs to optimize treatment outcomes in IBD management. Future research should focus on the longitudinal impact of these factors and explore genetic predictors of treatment response.
Prevalence of Trypanasomiasis in Northern Nigeria: A review
Authors: Danyayam Haruna Abubakar , Abdullahi Anas Muazu
Published: January 2025

Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, is a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, including Northern Nigeria. The disease, transmitted by tsetse flies, poses a significant threat to human health, livestock production, and economic development. Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT), also known as Nagana, is caused by various trypanosome species, including T. brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax, T. equiperdum, T. evansi, T. simiae, T. suis, and T. theileri. Cattle are the most affected, but other animals such as goats, dogs, sheep, pigs, and wild animals are also susceptible. Symptoms of AAT include parasitaemia, anemia, loss of weight, reduced productivity, and high mortality, which limit the pace of rural development in tropical Africa. The current threat of AAT ranks among the top cattle diseases on sustainable livestock production and mixed farming. At least 3 million livestock deaths each year are caused by AAT, with a loss in livestock production and mixed agriculture valued at $5 billion US dollars yearly in Africa. Effective and sustainable control measures can result in up to threefold increases in the estimated livestock population in Nigeria. Trypanosomiasis is considered a haemoparasites, posing a major threat for the development of the cattle industry in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It kills a variety of domestic and wild animals and causes anemia, weight loss, miscarriage, and productivity losses. In Northern Nigeria, both human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) are prevalent. The epidemiology of trypanosomosis depends on the distribution of vectors, the virulence of the parasite, and the host's response.
Assessment of pharmacological properties of root extracts from Ficus capensis
Authors: Oladeji Saheed Olajide , Yahaya Ismail
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of pharmacological properties of root extracts from fig tree was conducted using different organic solvents in the extraction process. Six (6) samples were prepared for experimental assessment of their cytotoxicity, brine shrimp lethality, antioxidant, total-antioxidant and antibacterial activities using conventional methods with slight modifications. Results obtained from the analyses revealed their potency against bacterial strains, brine shrimp larvae and radical/electron scavenging activities. All the tested extracts exhibited potent cytotoxicity with sample A at LC50 values of 0.20µg/mL showed higher toxicity than control (potassium dichromate LC50 = 7.23µg/mL). Among the tested samples, sample F revealed the highest inhibitory property with IC50 value of 23.10µg/mL. Samples A and D exhibited significant inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 116.50µg/mL and 355.30µg/mL respectively. Isolated compounds from methanol extracts (sample E and F) showed better performances as antioxidant-agent against pathogens associated to attack by free radical mechanism. With current trend of drug resistance by many microorganisms, new compounds have been isolated from the root of F. capensis that showed better performance against cultured: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia at different concentrations.