bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las percepciones estudiantiles de la escuela secundaria en Latinoamérica. Vínculos, pertenencia y valoración del conocimiento escolar en la modernidad avanzada.
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires., Míguez Daniel Pedro
Published: April 2021

Este artículo examina las percepciones de la escuela que tienen estudiantes de nivel secundario en América Latina. Se comparan las percepciones entre distintos países de la región y también entre diferentes estratos sociales. A partir de estas comparaciones, se ponen a prueba las tesis que han guiado más frecuentemente este campo de investigación. Estas proponen que, producto de los cambios culturales y tecnológicos introducidos por la modernidad tardía, existiría una desvalorización de la escuela secundaria, que se profundizaría en los estratos más pobres. Utilizando datos de las pruebas PISA 2012, se pone en evidencia que la mayoría de los estudiantes latinoamericanos mantiene una visión positiva de la escuela, aunque con algunos matices. Estos sugieren que la experiencia escolar de los estudiantes secundarios es compleja, y presenta algunas ambigüedades y ambivalencias, pero no confirman la preeminencia de visiones negativas de la educación media.
Ausencia de partición del nicho acústico en una comunidad de anuros en Chiapas, México
Authors: Ochoa-Ochoa Leticia Margarita , Ortiz-Ramirez Marco F. , Figueroa-Huitrón Ricardo , Ríos-Muñóz César A.
Published: April 2021

Las especies que forman parte de una comunidad pueden estar restringidas por los recursos disponibles. Uno de ellos es el espacio acústico, donde en caso de existir solapamiento puede verse afectada la comunicación entre conespecíficos y, potencialmente, la reproducción. Por esta razón, cabe esperar que las comunidades de anuros que presentan una marcada estacionalidad tengan una segregación de nicho en el espacio acústico, debido a su solapamiento en el tiempo. Mediante sistemas de grabación automática (SGA) y grabaciones manuales (370 horas de grabación), registramos la actividad acústica y las vocalizaciones de una comunidad de anuros en Nahá, Chiapas, México durante el periodo octubre 2013 a junio 2014. A partir de 216 cortes de audio pertenecientes a 7 especies, analizamos las grabaciones y registramos 15 características acústicas para cada especie a fin de evaluar el solapamiento espacial, temporal y estructural del nicho acústico, además de estimar la amplitud del nicho mediante el cálculo del hipervolumen. Encontramos que el solapamiento espacial fue muy bajo, mientras que el temporal fue muy alto y se puede observar una marcada fenología (junio, agosto y septiembre en promedio > 0.58). El solapamiento estructural de nicho acústico también fue alto y significativo de acuerdo al índice de Czekanowski. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los hipervolúmenes fueron similares, la segregación del uso de la frecuencia dominante fue muy notoria. A pesar de que no observamos partición de nicho acústico en la comunidad, es muy probable que exista una compensación evolutiva entre el solapamiento acústico relacionada con las redes de comunicación que, aunque significa competencia, representa al mismo tiempo protección contra depredadores.
Optimización de un proceso de bioestimulación en un suelo de Río Gallegos, Argentina, para su utilización en biorremediación de hidrocarburos
Authors: Cambarieri Luciana , Pucci Natalia , Javier Acuña Adrian
Published: April 2021

La bioestimulación es una metodología aceptada para promover la biorremediación de hidrocarburos en un suelo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue optimizar la relación C:N:P, humedad y concentración y tipo de hidrocarburos para estudiar la viabilidad de un proceso de biodegradación de hidrocarburos en un suelo de la ciudad de Río Gallegos, Argentina. Se realizaron cuatro bioensayos utilizando microcosmos para determinar las condiciones de C:N:P (100:7.5:0.75, 100:5:0.5, 100:2.5:0.25 and 100:1:0.1), humedad (0% - 15 %), concentración de hidrocarburos (0% - 5 %) y tipo de contaminante para mejorar la eficiencia de la biorremediación. La monitorización de los experimentos incluyó la mineralización y cuantificación de hidrocarburos y de bacterias heterótrofas y degradadoras de hidrocarburos. Los resultados demostraron que la relación C:N:P óptima fue de 100:2.5:0.25, con un rango de incorporación de humedad de entre 10-15% para un suelo con 3% de hidrocarburos. Se observó que con la aplicación de una adecuada bioestimulación, la biorremediación puede ser efectiva, estimándose que los hidrocarburos de la nafta podrán volatilizarse generando una inhibición de la actividad bacteriana. Los resultados también mostraron que cuando los hidrocarburos de la nafta son eliminados del suelo en un 100%, la actividad bacteriana puede recuperarse y desarrollar la biodegradación del gasoil, y en menor medida los del aceite, brindando esto un panorama auspicioso para la aplicación de esta tecnología a gran escala en la región.
Species interactions involving cushion plants in high-elevation environments under a changing climate
Authors: Pugnaire Francisco I. , Losapio Gianalberto , Schöb Christian
Published: April 2021

The effects of global warming are stronger in high-elevation environments than elsewhere. Here, we review recent advances in alpine plant ecology with a focus on dry mountain ranges, mainly in Mediterranean-type climate, with a global change perspective. Raising temperatures and changes in precipitation influence both plant growth and reproduction, and therefore the spatial distribution of species. Research in high-elevation systems evidenced that plant–plant interactions involving cushion plants play a crucial role in the assembly of plant communities, influencing species richness, genetic and phylogenetic diversity, and species persistence. By buffering environmental extremes and ameliorating biophysical conditions, cushion plant species acting as ecosystem engineers are fundamental in the response of alpine ecosystems to global warming, mitigating negative impacts on different plant species with narrow niche and small distribution range.
Cambio global y montañas
Authors: Rodríguez-Echeverría Susana
Published: April 2021

Cambio global y montañas
Modified Adomian Decomposition Method for the Solution of Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Ijaiya R. O. , Taiwo O. A. , Bello K. A.
Published: April 2021

This paper is concerned with modification of the Adomian Decomposition Method for solving linear and non-linear Volterra and Volterra-Fredholm Integro-Differential equations. The Modified form of ADM was carried out by replacing the Adomian polynomials constructed in the conventional Adomian Decomposition Method with the constructed canonical polynomials. The modified Adomian Decomposition Method was applied to solve some existing example. The results obtained using the newly modified ADM proved superior when compared with the conventional ADM.
Antifungal Activity of Annona muricata Seed Extracts Against Cercospora malayensis, Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Bolie Hubert , Ndongo Bekolo , Ngatsi Patrice Zemko , Kuate William Norbert Tueguem , Dida Sylvere Landry Lontsi , Essogue Etame Arnaud , Essomé Charles Salé , Tonfack Libert Brice
Published: April 2021

Background: Cercospora leaf spot disease of okra whose pathogen is Cercospora malayensis causes yield losses of up to 60% in plantations. To limit productivity losses, fungicides are commonly used, but are expensive and degrade the environment.

Aims: This study aims to test in vitro efficacy of Annona muricata seed extracts against Cercospora malayensis.

Study Design: Four extracts were used in this study (the ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous extract of A. muricata seeds at the concentrations C1 = 7.5 μl/ml, C2 = 15 μl/ml, C3 = 30 μl/ml and C4 = 60 μl/ml as well as the synthetic fungicide at the concentration of 3.33 g/l) in triplicate. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed, the radial growth of pure explants (7 mm diameter) of C. malayensis deposited in sterile Petri dishes containing the PDA medium supplemented with the different concentrations of extracts and incubated at 23 ± 1°C for 6 days were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50, MIC90) were calculated.

Results: The extracts of A. muricata seeds are rich in tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. The ethyl acetate extract at the concentration C3 resulted in 100% total inhibition of growth of C. malayensis in the Petri dishes. The other extracts resulted in total inhibition of the growth of C. malayensis at C4. The low MIC50 values (12.9 and 21 μl/ml) were obtained with the ethyl acetate and acetone extract, respectively. The ethyl acetate and aqueous extract at the C4 concentration were found to be fungicidal.

Conclusion: The extracts were found to be potential fungicide against the C. malayensis strain and might be an alternative in the fight against fungal diseases of okra as their activity was comparable to that of the synthetic fungicide Monchamp 72 WP.
Effect of Irrigation Levels and Intervals on Groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) Cultivars under Drip System
Authors: Rojh Mahendra Kumar , Bhunia S. R. , Shivran Hansraj , Bhawariya Akshika , Bawaliya Shiv Chand , Ramniwas . , Mandeewal RameshwrLal
Published: April 2021

The field experiment entitled “effect of irrigation levels and intervals on groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) Cultivars under drip system” was conducted at Instructional Farm, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Kharif 2019. Irrigation level of 0.80 PE gave higher dry matter accumulation, pods plant-1 (44.13), kernels pod-1 (2.38), pod yield (3117 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4081 kg ha-1), biological yield (7199 kg ha-1), test weight (446.58 g) and oil yield (978.32 kg ha-1) followed by 0.60 PE. Alternate day irrigation intervals gave higher dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, pods plant-1 (43.55), kernels pod-1 (2.36), pod yield (2993 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3986 kg ha-1), biological yield (6980 kg ha-1), test weight (443.22 g) compared to 3 days irrigation intervals. Groundnut cultivars HNG-123 gave higher pods plant-1 (43.45), kernel pod-1 (2.39), pod yield (2925 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3977 kg ha-1), biological yield (6902 kg ha-1) and test weight (470.58 g) compared to all other cultivars.
Long-term Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana G.) in Alfisols under Different Cropping Systems
Authors: Shilpa . , Vasanthi B. G. , Meena Hari Mohan
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of long-term integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rainfed finger millet during kharif 2019 at field unit of All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. The experimental plot in the field was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and four replications. Growth parameters such as plant height (112.44 cm), number of productive tillers per hill (4.75), number of ear heads per hill (4.49), number of fingers per ear head (7.25), total dry matter production per hill (77.39 g) and yield parameters like grain yield (28.27 q ha-1) and straw yield (32.63 q ha-1) were found to be higher with application of FYM @10 t ha-1 + 100% RDF under finger millet- groundnut rotation (T9). Similarly, T9 also recorded higher uptake of nitrogen (37.03 and 26.40 kg ha-1), phosphorus (6.78 and 4.57 kg ha-1) and potassium (30.17 and 48.68 kg ha-1) in grain and straw of finger millet, respectively. It implies that INM over long period of time tend to supply the plants with sufficient amount of essential nutrient elements while creating favourable physico-chemical properties of soil for healthy environment. It also safeguards soil nutrient balance in long term to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity.
Spatial Pattern of Soil Carbon Density in Cultivated Land of Different Domains of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Tagore G. S. , Sharma Y. M. , Sharma R. , Bairagi G. D. , Dwivedi A. K. , Kulhare P. S. , Vishwakarma Megha
Published: April 2021

Present study was conducted in the Department of Soil Science JNKVV, Jabalpur during 2018-2020. GPS based 531 soil samples were collected from each domain viz., Bhopal, Jabalpur, Vidisha and Hoshangabad of 10.1 Agro ecological sub region (AESR). The samples analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) then soil organic carbon density (SOCD), total organic carbon density (TOCD), soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) and total carbon density (TCD) in Mg C ha-1 were calculated. The results of SOCD, TOCD, SICD and TCD ranged from 4.73 to 25.12, 9.22 to 48.98, 1.00 to 21.29 and 11.08 to 68.80 Mg C ha-1 with mean value of 12.19, 23.78, 7.58 and 31.36 Mg C ha-1 in AESR 10.1 and Coefficient of variation (CV) 37.58, 37.58, 50.88 and 31.24 %. The overall trend in SOCD was Bhopal > Vidisha > Jabalpur > Hoshanagabad and SICD was Vidisha > Hoshanagabad > Jabalpur >Bhopal while TCD was in trend of Bhopal > Vidisha > Hoshangabad> Jabalpur.

Geo-statistical indicated that Ordinary Kriging used and all variogram were in isotropic form. In Bhopal domain, Gaussian model best fitted for of SOCD, TOCD, and TCD but spherical model for SICD. In Jabalpur domain, exponential domain best fitted for TCD and TOCD but for SICD, spherical model and for SOCD, Gaussian model is best fitted. In Vidisha domain, exponential model best fitted for all. In Hoshangabad domain, exponential model is best fitted for SOCD and TOCD and Gaussian and J-Bessel model best fitted for TCD and SIC, respectively. The nugget/ sill (N/S) ratio was <25% which exhibit strong SD only for SICD in Bhopal domain. The N/S ratio was found to be >25% but <75% which showed moderate SD, for SOCD, TOCD and TC, TOCD, SICD and TCD; SOCD, TOCD, SICD and TCD and SOCD, TOCD, SICD and TCD in Bhopal, Jabalpur, Vidisha and Hoshangabad domain, respectively. The correlation range (m) for SOCD, TOCD, SICD and TCD are 5448.413, 4809.535, 360.522, and 5113.050; 7201.044, 6601.044, 611.651, and 8438.711; 5734.559, 7334.398, 1323.773, and 7881.289 and 5418.684, 5433.206, 8887.656, and 1836.274 in Bhopal, Jabalpur, Vidisha and Hoshangabad domain, respectively. The carbon density was found in order of Jabalpur> Hoshangabad >Vidisha > Bhopal.
The Darwin-Breit Interaction vs. the Aharonov-Bohm Potentials
Authors: Comay E.
Published: April 2021

The paper shows that the Darwin-Breit form of electromagnetic interaction disproves the Aharonov-Bohm assertion about the fundamental meaning of the electromagnetic potentials in quantum theory. A specific analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm electric and magnetic effects substantiates this result.
Self-care of users with diabetes mellitus entered into a program of capillary blood glucose self-monitoring / Autocuidado de usuários com diabetes mellitus inseridos em um programa de automonitorização da glicemia capilar
Authors: Pimentel Juliana de Oliveira , Santos Ivânia Maria dos , Barreto Neto Augusto Cesar , Souza Valesca Patriota de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho das atividades de autocuidado de usuários com diabetes mellitus inseridos em um programa de automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no domicílio de usuários com diabetes mellitus que realizam a automonitorização da glicemia capilar, totalizando uma amostra de 279 usuários. Na avaliação das atividades de autocuidado utilizou-se o Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes, e para coleta dos dados sociodemográficos e clínico foi aplicado um roteiro sistematizado. Resultados: Os dados revelaram que as dimensões alimentação específica, atividade física e monitorização glicêmica demostra comportamento de autocuidado não desejável, enquanto adesão medicamentosa apresentou o melhor comportamento de autocuidado desejável. Conclusão: Os usuários com diabetes mellitus que realizam a automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio necessitam de um acompanhamento específico, acrescido de práticas educativas contínuas que estimulem a participação efetiva nas atividades de autocuidado.
Teaching strategies in addressing palliative care with nursing professionals: integrative review / Estratégias de ensino na abordagem dos cuidados paliativos com profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Tatiana Pifano , Silva Liliane Faria , Cursino Emilia , Pacheco Sandra , Acioly Paloma , Silva Ingrid Pifano
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar, nas produções científicas, as estratégias de ensino utilizadas na abordagem dos cuidados paliativos com profissionais de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa nas seguintes bases de dados: CINAHL, PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO e BDENF. Resultados: foram analisados 12 artigos, todos internacionais.  Foram utilizadas várias estratégias de ensino como: palestras, simulação, discussão em grupos, dramatizações, aula expositiva. A metodologia ativa foi a mais utilizada, com a associação de várias estratégias de ensino, sendo o estudo de caso a mais frequente. Conclusão: a associação da teoria com a simulação da prática clínica é uma boa estratégia de ensino.  Maior ênfase tem que ser dada na capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem através de atividades de educação permanente em cuidados paliativos visando fornecer uma assistência segura e qualificada para o paciente e sua família.
Between glimpses, uncertainties and expectations: marcos in building collaborative identity of nurse / Entre vislumbres, incertezas e expectativas: marcos colaborativos na construção da identidade do enfermeiro
Authors: Viana Karolline Giovannda de Sousa , Brito Maria da Conceição Coelho , Moita Marina Pereira , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro da , Aguiar Francisca Alanny Rocha
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: compreender o processo formativo do estudante de Enfermagem, mediante marcos considerados colaborativos à construção da identidade profissional do enfermeiro. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo, com 26 estudantes de enfermagem mediante entrevista semiestruturada e questionário. A coleta de informações ocorreu em maio e junho de 2015. Os achados foram submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo e sustentada nos conceitos de Claude Dubar. Resultados: Os achados trazem a escolha do curso pela vocação, influências e aproximação com a medicina, caracterizando a identidade herdada. As identidades visada e virtual foram influenciadas por frustrações durante a formação. Ademais, a permanência no curso resulta da necessidade por um reconhecimento ao concluir um educação superior e do entendimento de um dever moral. Conclusão: O estudo trouxe a reflexão de marcos importantes na constituição da identidade. Entendendo a identidade como uma constituição multifacetada, reconhece-se a necessidade de realização de outros estudos para explorar esse fenômeno em outros contextos.
Stressor factors and stress coping strategies of basic health unit managers / Fatores estressores e estratégias de enfrentamento ao estresse de gestores das unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Santos de Azevedo Sâmia Jamylle , Bezerra dos Santos Dayana Guimarães , Lima Lopes da Silva Macêdo Louise Gabriella , Barbosa de Queiroz Anna Paula , Filgueira Martins Rodrigues Cláudia Cristiane , Candido de Oliveira Salvador Pétala Tuani
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar os fatores estressores e as estratégias de enfrentamento ao estresse nos gestores das Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Natal/RN. Método: trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais. Os dados resultantes das entrevistas foram transcritos e submetidos à análise textual lexicográfica, com auxílio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: os participantes da pesquisa relataram como estressante em sua gestão: dificuldades com o processo e condições de trabalho. Como mecanismos para o enfrentamento ao estresse, eles citaram: sair com familiares e o uso de medicações. Conclusão: observou-se que os fatores estressores verificados nesta pesquisa correspondem: à responsabilização dos usuários, ao processo de trabalho do gestor e às condições de trabalho. Como estratégias de enfrentamento, verificou-se a busca por serviços de saúde e medicações, bem como o lazer.
Educational actions developed by nurses to adolescents in family health strategies / Ações educativas desenvolvidas por enfermeiros aos adolescentes nas estratégias de saúde da família
Authors: Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Terra Larice Gonçalves , Salbego Cléton , Cogo Silvana Bastos , Ramos Tierle Kosloski , Da Conceição Joseph Wrague
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: conhecer como são desenvolvidas as ações educativas voltadas aos adolescentes no contexto de trabalho do enfermeiro nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva exploratória desenvolvida com 10 enfermeiros de Estratégias Saúde da Família. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no mês de maio de 2015, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados a luz da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Duas categorias emergiram para análise, sendo: ações educativas aos adolescentes na perspectiva dos enfermeiros e características das ações educativas desenvolvidas com adolescentes. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou perceber que as ações educativas são desenvolvidas em coletividade, desde o planejamento e execução, na maioria das Estratégias Saúde da Família, e nos locais onde isso não ocorre, os enfermeiros compreendem a necessidade de iniciar um trabalho em equipe. O enfermeiro é percebido como responsável por coordenar a equipe, e orientar o processo de preparação das ações educativas.
Hospital discharge management of premature newborns: nurses’ knowledge / O manejo da alta hospitalar do recém nascido prematuro: saberes dos enfermeiros
Authors: Anacleto Luziane de Almeida , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Almeida Vivian Linhares Maciel
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os saberes dos enfermeiros durante o processo de alta hospitalar do recém nascido prematuro.Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2019 em uma unidade neonatal do Hospital Municipal Dra. Naelma Monteiro da Silva, vinculado ao Município de Rio das Ostras, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo onze  enfermeiros atuantes na Unidade, sendo os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: constatou-se que os enfermeiros demonstraram conhecimento dos saberes acerca dos cuidados ao recém nascido na alta hospitalar, destacando-se a amamentação, a higiene corporal, o coto umbilical, a criação de vínculo e o plano de alta hospitalar com o propósito de evitar as reinternações. Conclusão: há necessidade de uma assistência qualificada, segura e humanizada, com acolhimento e respeito às subjetividades, tendo como propósito conhecer as necessidades do recém nascido, e promover estratégias para a educação em saúde, em especial no que tange aos cuidados do recém-nascido prematuro.
Xerostomia and breast cancer / Xerostomia e câncer de mama
Authors: Pinto Vânia Lopes , Westphal Flavia , Elias Simone
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar os estudos que descrevem a prevalência de xerostomia em pacientes com câncer de mama e em quimioterapia. Método: revisão integrativa, partindo da questão norteadora << Quais as evidências científicas sobre a prevalência de xerostomia em pacientes com câncer de mama e em quimioterapia? >>. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Foram encontrados 63 artigos, que foram analisados por dois pesquisadores seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão.  Resultados: a prevalência de xerostomia foi descrita em 10 artigos que utilizaram como método de avaliação escalas, questionários com respostas dicotômicas e sialometria. Conclusão: identificou-se uma prevalência de 47% a 77,3% de xerostomia durante a quimioterapia.
Effectiveness of patient-directed nursing protocols with diabetic complications Eficácia dos / protocolos de enfermagem direcionados ao paciente com complicações diabéticas
Authors: Lima Nalva Kelly Gomes de , Fernandes Marta Regina Chaves Camilo , Da Silva Jéssyka Chaves , Silva Arthur Felipe Rodrigues , Coura Alexsandro Silva , De França Inacia Sátiro Xavier
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar na literatura científica a eficácia dos protocolos de enfermagem direcionados ao paciente com complicações diabéticas. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada de agosto a setembro de 2019, seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: Web of Science e Scopus, através dos cruzamentos: “Diabetes Mellitus AND Nursing AND Protocols” e “Amputation AND Nursing AND Protocols”. Identificaram-se 672 artigos, sendo selecionados 17. Resultados: A maior parte dos estudos foram publicados em inglês e realizados nos Estados Unidos. Verificaram-se protocolos de controle glicêmico, da cetoacidose e do autocuidado, os quais apresentaram bons resultados para o que se propõem. Um artigo abordou superficialmente os cuidados de enfermagem direcionados a pessoas com amputação. Conclusão: Os protocolos de enfermagem direcionados ao paciente com complicações diabéticas apresentaram-se eficazes.
Follow-up of children with zika-associated microcephaly in primary health care: the maternal look / Seguimento de crianças com microcefalia associada ao zika na atenção primária à saúde: o olhar materno
Authors: Guedes Anna Tereza Alves , Soares Anniely Rodrigues , Pedrosa Rafaella Karolina Bezerra , Cruz Tarciane Marinho A. Vasconcellos , Collet Neusa , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o seguimento de crianças com microcefalia na Atenção Primária à Saúde, segundo relato de mães. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com nove mães de crianças com microcefalia de um município de grande porte da Paraíba, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A interpretação dos dados seguiu os princípios da análise temática. Resultados: As mães relataram receber assistência pouco resolutiva devido à inexistência de uma rede articulada de cuidado em saúde; não valorizam o acompanhamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde para as crianças com microcefalia, preferindo consultar seus filhos com especialistas, comprometendo a oferta da atenção contínua e integral para a promoção da saúde infantil. Conclusão: É indispensável o fortalecimento da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, com construção de vínculo, tendo a Atenção Primária à Saúde como coordenadora e ordenadora do cuidado à criança com microcefalia.
Social implications in the lives of people with sickle cell anemia / Implicações sociais na vida da pessoa com anemia falciforme
Authors: Moura Barroso Laise Maria Formiga , Dos Nascimento Camila , Gomes Leal Erika Layne , Nunes Carvalho Gerdane Celene , De Moura Karine Rafaela , De Souza Vieira Ana Cristina
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as implicações sociais advindas da anemia falciforme na vida da pessoa com a doença. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo, realizado com 80 pessoas com anemia falciforme. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a julho de 2016 no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Piauí, por meio de um questionário para a obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, demográficos e clínicos. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel 2010 e dispostos em forma de tabelas e gráficos. Resultados: As crises dolorosas foram às complicações mais frequentes (70%), (77,5%) relataram não ter recebido orientação sobre a doença e (62,5%) não residiam na cidade onde realizava o tratamento. Conclusão: A anemia falciforme acarreta implicações negativas na vida da pessoa, como por exemplo, a reprovação/evasão escolar. Desse modo, os profissionais de saúde devem elaborar estratégias de enfrentamento da doença, assim, aumentando a qualidade de vida desse público.
Clinical-epidemiological characterization of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease / Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica de crianças e adolescentes portadores de cardiopatia congênita
Authors: Da Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana , De Souza Suzana Laura , Almeida Laura Maria de Moraes , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Knupp Virginia Maria de Azevedo Oliveira , Bonifácio Michelly Cristynne Souza
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar características clínico-epidemiológicas de crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita residentes do município de Rio das Ostras referenciadas para unidades especializadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: pesquisa descritiva, transversal realizada em duas unidades hospitalares no município do Rio de Janeiro, através da técnica documental retrospectiva por meio de dados nos prontuários. A coleta ocorreu entre setembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Resultados: foram analisados 48 prontuários, com maior proporção entre os escolares (33,3%); do sexo masculino (58,3%); Em relação as cardiopatias, verificou-se com maior proporção as acianóticas (62,5%); destacando a comunicação interatrial com (14,6%); seguida da comunicação interventricular (12,5%) e coarctação da aorta (12,5%). Conclusão: a identificação dessas crianças no município de Rio das Ostras e a distribuição destas pelo território nacional são informações imprescindíveis para o planejamento e implementação de programas e políticas públicas que atendam as reais demandas deste segmento populacional.
The Gut Microbiome
Authors: Francella Cassandra , Foster Jane A.
Published: April 2021

In the past decade, there has been a remarkable growth in the interest and enthusiasm for microbiome research. The microbiome includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites; our microbes cover all parts of our body. Researchers from many disciplines are now considering the role of microbiota and its relationship to development, physical health, and mental health. The multidisciplinary nature of ongoing research efforts is advancing our knowledge base at a fast pace. The current attention to tool development for analysis beyond bacterial composition will help scientists interpret the relationship between microbes, health, and disease. This article provides an introduction to host–microbe interactions based on animal and clinical research focused on the gut microbiome.
Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Aldrich Courtney C. , Wallis Robert S. , Remmel Rory P. , Hegde Pooja , Stallings Christina L.
Published: April 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosisremains the leading cause of death due to infection in humans. Although antibiotics are available to treat drug‐sensitiveM. tuberculosisinfections, the increasing incidence of drug‐resistant strains is threatening our ability to gain hold of this pandemic. In addition, recent research has highlighted that even the current standard of care antibiotics face multiple obstacles for reaching therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection. In this article, we detail the current standard of care for clinical tuberculosis (TB) disease, the chemistry, mechanisms of action, and mechanisms of resistance for the antibiotics used clinically to treat TB, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, and other challenges associated with TB treatment, and host‐directed therapies as an additional approach to treatment. This article is meant to serve as the foundation to build from as the field addresses the dire need for continued development of new therapeutic strategies to treat TB.
Genetics of the Congenital Myopathies
Authors: Pelin Katarina
Published: April 2021

The congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of skeletal muscle disorders characterised by muscle weakness present at birth and typical abnormalities in skeletal muscle fibres, such as protein aggregates, centrally located nuclei or areas lacking mitochondria. Mutations in more than 30 different genes can cause a congenital myopathy. The inheritance can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X‐linked or sporadic due to novel mutations. The mutated genes can be divided into three groups: genes encoding proteins of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, genes encoding proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules and genes encoding proteins regulating muscle growth and regeneration. The mutations cause impaired or reduced muscle contraction by damaging the contractile machinery or by altering the regulation of muscle contraction, leading to muscle weakness.

There is considerable clinical and histological overlap between the different types of congenital myopathies.

The inheritance can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X‐linked or sporadic (
de novo
mutations).

Disease‐causing variants in more than 30 different genes can cause a congenital myopathy.

Disease‐causing variants in the same gene can result in more than one clinical phenotype, and the same clinical phenotype can result from mutations in several different genes.

The genes encode proteins essential for skeletal muscle development, muscle contraction, structure and protein turnover.
Mo‐/Co‐N‐C Hybrid Nanosheets Oriented on Hierarchical Nanoporous Cu as Versatile Electrocatalysts for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Hang , Dai Tian‐Yi , Wan Wu‐Bin , Wen Zi , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing
Published: April 2021

Designing robust and cost‐effective electrocatalysts based on Earth‐abundant elements is crucial for large‐scale hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting. Here, nitrogen‐doped carbon engrafted Mo2N/CoN hybrid nanosheets that are seamlessly oriented on hierarchical nanoporous Cu scaffold (Mo‐/Co‐N‐C/Cu), as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction are reported. The constituent heterostructured Mo2N/CoN nanosheets work as bifunctional electroactive sites for both water dissociation and adsorption/desorption of hydrogen intermediates while the nitrogen‐doped carbon bridges electron transfers between electroactive sites and interconnective Cu current collectors by making use of Mo‐/Co‐N‐C bonds and intimate C/Cu contacts at interfaces. As a consequence of unique architecture having electroactive sites to be sufficiently accessible, self‐supported nanoporous Mo‐/Co‐N‐C/Cu hybrid electrodes exhibit outstanding electrocatalysis in 1 m KOH, with a negligible onset overpotential and a low Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1. They only take overpotential of as low as 230 mV to reach current density of 1000 mA cm−2. When coupled with their electro‐oxidized derivatives that mediate efficiently the oxygen evolution reaction, the alkaline water electrolyzer can achieve ≈100 mA cm−2 at 1.622 V in 1 m KOH electrolyte, ≈0.343 V lower than the device constructed with commercially available Pt/C and Ir/C nanocatalysts immobilized on nanoporous Cu electrodes.
Where the Disputes Lie: When Blockchain Technology Will Need Help Sorting Out Its Contracts
Authors: Michaelson Peter L. , Jeskie Sandra A.
Published: April 2021

Last month, the authors introduced the types of agreements that use blockchain technology at “A Guidebook to Arbitrating Disputes Involving Blockchains and Smart Agreements,” 39 Alternatives 57 (April 2021) (available at https://bit.ly/3uLC32i). In this month's Part 2, the authors continue their discussion of the types of agreements using Blockchain Ledger technology by completing their introduction with an examination of smart agreements. Then, they move on to the disputes that can arise, and the issues of jurisdiction, enforceability, and antitrust, ahead of next month's conclusion and its focus on the resolution mechanism, arbitration.
The IDAES process modeling framework and model library—Flexibility for process simulation and optimization
Authors: Lee Andrew , Ghouse Jaffer H. , Eslick John C. , Laird Carl D. , Siirola John D. , Zamarripa Miguel A. , Gunter Dan , Shinn John H. , Dowling Alexander W. , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Biegler Lorenz T. , Burgard Anthony P. , Miller David C.
Published: April 2021

Energy systems and manufacturing processes of the 21st century are becoming increasingly dynamic and interconnected, which require new capabilities to effectively model and optimize their design and operations. Such next generation computational tools must leverage state‐of‐the‐art techniques in optimization and be able to rapidly incorporate new advances. To address these requirements, we have developed the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform, which builds on the strengths of both process simulators (model libraries) and algebraic modeling languages (advanced solvers). This paper specifically presents the IDAES Core Modeling Framework (IDAES‐CMF), along with a case study demonstrating the application of the framework to solve process optimization problems. Capabilities provided by this framework include a flexible, modifiable, open‐source platform for optimization of process flowsheets utilizing state‐of‐the‐art solvers and solution techniques, fully open and extensible libraries of dynamic unit operations models and thermophysical property models, and integrated support for superstructure‐based conceptual design and optimization under uncertainty.
Evaluation of a Redesigned Perioperative Specialty Elective to Address the Perioperative Nursing Shortage
Authors: Reuter Jessica , Spalla King Tara
Published: April 2021

A lack of targeted perioperative academic preparation may have led to not enough nursing graduates entering and staying in the perioperative field. This deficit and a large portion of the workforce approaching retirement age have contributed to a perioperative nursing shortage. In collaboration with an associated medical center, a college of nursing in the midwestern United States offered and evaluated a redesigned perioperative elective for student nurses. After implementation, interviews and focus groups were used to determine the effect on the student nurses’ confidence, their progression through orientation after graduating and being hired into the perioperative department, and the perioperative department’s retention rates. Recently graduated nurses with perioperative educational experience have a better understanding of the role of a perioperative nurse. Increasing prelicensure student exposure to the perioperative clinical environment is associated with positive outcomes for the department, organization, nurses, and patients. Similar results in other specialties may be possible.
Immobilization of multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum onto an electrospun‐aligned single‐walled carbon nanotube surface via a carbon‐nanotube‐binding peptide for biocathode
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroaki , Futamura Rie , Fujiwara Ikuya , Meboso Taichi , Li Ning , Takamura Eiichiro , Satomura Takenori , Suye Shin‐ichiro
Published: April 2021

Biofuel cells (BFCs) that produce electrical energy from organic resources through enzymatic reactions have been attracting significant attention. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their modification on the electrode surface of a BFC is expected to increase the current, and their high specific surface area may be useful in increasing the power output. Previously, we constructed a biocathode by immobilizing multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum (McoP) with a carbon nanotube binding peptide (CBP) sequence on the CNTs. This resulted in higher current densities than when using enzymes without CBP sequences. However, owing to the randomly stacked CNTs on the surface of the electrodes, their conductive properties were impaired and performance as biocathodes was poor. Herein, we constructed a biocathode in which single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs) were oriented one‐dimensionally and McoP is immobilized on the surface of an SWNCT via CBP. The current density was successfully increased by two‐fold by orienting the CNTs and orienting and immobilizing McoP on their surfaces. This technology provides insights into the development of biodevices with controlled orientation of both the SWCNTs and enzymes immobilized on their surfaces.
A selective organosilica membrane for ethyl acetate dehydration by pervaporation
Authors: Raza Waseem , Jianhua Yang , Wang Jiaxuan , Saulat Hammad , Wang Lei , Lu Jingming , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2021

Organosilica bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTESE) membranes were explored for pervaporation dehydration of binary and ternary mixtures of ethyl acetate (EA) by undiluted sol coating combined with flash firing. Three BTESE membranes (M1, M2, and M3) were fabricated on macroporous supports by varying BTESE concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 5 wt% BTESE, respectively) in polymer sols. The membranes were characterized by DLS, SEM, FTIR, XRD, contact angle, AFM, and pervaporation performance to discuss the effect of the BTESE contents in the polymer sol on the formation and dehydration performance of resulting organosilica membranes. It was found that 5 wt% loading of BTESE led to a highly selective membrane for dehydration of EA/H2O mixture. Among the synthesized membranes, M3 delivered flux of 0.84 ± 0.05 kg.m−2.h−1 with a selectivity of >10,000 for EA/H2O mixture (98/2 wt%) at 60°C. The time course of pervaporation dehydration for the EA/H2O mixture (95/5 wt%) confirms the stability of BTESE membrane in the investigated time period of 120 h. Further, the membrane exhibited excellent selectivity larger than 10,000 for separation of ternary mixtures (90/2/8 wt%) of ethyl acetate/ethanol/water and n‐propyl acetate/isopropanol/water respectively, the composition of which is similar to the top product of the distillation column used in the industrial esterification process. The best separation performance and excellent acid stability of BTESE membranes in this study suggest that the simple synthesis protocol of undiluted sol coating and flash firing will provide a cost‐effective, quick, and efficient synthesis route for practical membrane based applications.
The potential of temporary shelters to increase survival of the endangered Mexican axolotl
Authors: Ramos Alejandra G. , Mena‐González Horacio , Zambrano Luis
Published: April 2021

Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline. Proactive conservation techniques such as translocations into created and restored wetlands have gained popularity in recent years but may fail owing to high predation and low environmental adaptability.

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), affected by rapid urbanization, is now possibly extinct in the wild despite millions living in captivity throughout the world.

The aim of this study was to explore whether ponds from an artificial wetland can function as temporary shelters for a viable population of axolotls that could be re‐introduced into their native ecosystem in Xochimilco once it is restored.

Egg‐laying and hatching of 11 unique axolotl pairs placed into reproductive enclosures and larval survival to 7 weeks and up to 12 months were examined. Physicochemical and biological parameters were estimated and compared among ponds.

The results from this study are encouraging as they suggest that two ponds have adequate conditions for axolotls to reproduce and for larvae and juveniles to survive.
Gender imbalance in the productivity of funded projects: A study of the outputs of National Institutes of Health R01 grants
Authors: Wu Chaojiang , Yan Erjia , Zhu Yongjun , Li Kai
Published: April 2021

This study examines the relationship between team's gender composition and outputs of funded projects using a large data set of National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 grants and their associated publications between 1990 and 2017. This study finds that while the women investigators' presence in NIH grants is generally low, higher women investigator presence is on average related to slightly lower number of publications. This study finds empirically that women investigators elect to work in fields in which fewer publications per million‐dollar funding is the norm. For fields where women investigators are relatively well represented, they are as productive as men. The overall lower productivity of women investigators may be attributed to the low representation of women in high productivity fields dominated by men investigators. The findings shed light on possible reasons for gender disparity in grant productivity.
Characterization of a gene cluster containing four genes relevant to biosynthesis of inner core of lipopolysaccharide in Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Chen Si , Wang Jianli , Zhan Yi , Wang Zhen , Fang Yu , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: April 2021

Many genes in the biosynthetic pathway of lipopolysaccharide in Cronobacter sakazakii have not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that an operon containing four genes ESA_RS18945, ESA_RS18950, ESA_RS18955, and ESA_RS18960 is responsible for L‐glycero‐D‐mannoheptose addition on the inner core of lipopolysaccharide in C. sakazakii. The proteins encoded by these four genes are homologous to E. coli WaaQ, WaaC, WaaF, and WaaD. Lipopolysaccharide from the deletion mutants of ESA_RS18945, ESA_RS18950, ESA_RS18955, and ESA_RS18960 (named as △RS18945, △RS18950, △RS18955 and △RS18960, respectively) were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. △RS18945 synthesized lipopolysaccharide with similar length to the wildtype BAA‐894, whereas △RS18950, △RS18955, and △RS18960 synthesized much shorter lipopolysaccharide. This suggests that the enzyme encoded by ESA_RS18945 might function as E. coli WaaQ on the sidechain of lipopolysaccharide. When E. coli WaaC, WaaF, and WaaD were overexpressed in △RS18950, △RS18955, and △RS18960, respectively, the full length of lipopolysaccharide was recovered. Mass spectrometry analysis indicates that △RS18950 and △RS18960 only synthesized Kdo2‐lipid A, confirming that enzymes encoded by ESA_RS18950 and ESA_RS18960 have similar functions to E. coli WaaC and WaaD, respectively. Hep‐Kdo2‐lipid A with a phosphoethanolamine was produced in △RS18955, suggesting that the enzyme encoded by ESA_RS18955 has similar function to E. coli WaaF.
Mandibular canal versus inferior alveolar canal: A Delphi study
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Ibaragi Soichiro , Takeshita Yohei , Asaumi Junichi , Horner Keith , Gest Thomas R. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: April 2021

The general principles of anatomical terminology indicate that the “mandibular canal” should be named the “inferior alveolar canal” as it accommodates the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundles. Therefore, we performed a Delphi study to evaluate the current understanding and use of the terminology in different geographical regions and areas of expertise and to determine the appropriate terminology for this bony canal. A Delphi panel was formed and questions sent and answered via email about: field of expertise (anatomy, oral surgery/oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery, oral radiology/OMF radiology, plastic surgery, ENT surgery, or dentistry with the exception of oral/OMF surgery and oral/OMF radiology), years of experience in the field of expertise, country currently working in, “what is the name of the bony canal that contains the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle,” and “what should the structure above be called, in general?” A total of 52 participants responded to the questionnaire. Half or more of the experts in anatomy, oral/OMF surgery, and ENT/plastic surgery considered “mandibular canal” to be the most appropriate name for this bony canal. In contrast, more than half of all experts in oral/OMF radiology and dentistry, that is, most fields of dentistry, considered “either mandibular canal or inferior alveolar canal” to be the appropriate name. The results of the Delphi study and general principles suggest that an alternative term for the “mandibular canal” should be “inferior alveolar canal.”