bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of adaptive capacity to saltwater intrusion in the context of climate change in Dong Nai province to 2030
Authors: Le Tuan Ngoc , Vu My Thi Ngoc
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the adaptive capacity (AC) to saltwater intrusion (SI) in Dong Nai province up to 2030 via 20 indicators. The research scope included 57 wards in Bien Hoa city, Long Thanh, and Nhon Trach districts where have been facing the SI. Results showed that in 2014, nearly 90 % of investigated wards have AC indices in the range of medium-low level, distributed in Bien Hoa (30), Long Thanh (15), and Nhon Trach (6). Forecasts to 2020 and 2030, the local AC indices to saltwater intrusion are increased: the mentioned number of 90 % is gone down to about 88 % and 60 % in 2020 and 2030, respectively. Indicators need taken into concern to improve the local AC include: financial (budget, GDP), policy (support for people to cope with SI and climate change), agriculture (salt-tolerant seeds), aquaculture (brackish and saline water aquaculture), irrigation work (irrigation, SI prevention system), water storage, health, and education. Overall, in the period of 2014–2030, the AC of the investigated area has increased over the years, but most at the medium – low level. This is the challenge for governments and communities in responding to SI in the context of climate change.
Laku Tasawuf sebagai Terapi Psikospiritual
Authors: Afnan Dikhorir
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Human existence is built on the consciousness of two things as transcendent creatures (transcendere), and as immanent beings (Latin: immanere, abiding within). Man makes himself, with all activities and the result builds his own uniqueness (Syam, 2015). One of the traditions and culture of Javanese society in the spiritual context is the behavior of Sufism.

The research was conducted to trace the ritual of worship as transedental creature in group of jamaah "Ilmu Sejati" in Karangampel Village of Indramayu Regency. In this study, researchers used qualitative descriptive methodology.

The results of this study include: Sufism behavior as psychospiritual therapy in the congregation "True Science" includes congregational prayers, munajat, khalwat and tirakat. (1) The worship ritual of worship congregation becomes a daily portrait of the congregation of "Real Science". At certain moments, the month of Ramadan for example, in addition to the obligatory prayers 5 times and tarawih prayers, all pilgrims are encouraged to perform salat sunah hajat and tahajud one full month. (2) Munajat is the core of the teachings of "Real Science". Bermunajat or berzikir is a process to Allah SWT. To be able to "get" to communicate with Him, they first purify themselves, both physically and mentally. (3) The practice of khalwat on the teachings of "Real Science" is only done by the highest leadership, namely Ibn Salma bin Kadar Yahya. This procession of self-isolation he did during the early establishment of the teachings of "Real Science" around 1997. (4) Tirakat or fasting on the teachings of "Real Science" also can only be done by Ibn Salma as the leader of the pilgrims. The behavior of tirakat can be referred to as a complementary ritual of the teachings of "True Science" besides the ritual of the play.

Keywords: Transcendental Communication, Sufism, Religious Psychology
Eksistensi Disabilitas Intelektual dalam Produktivitas Ekonomi Kampung Tunagrahita (Studi Kasus Pada Kampung Tunagrahita Di Dusun Tanggungrejo, Desa Karangpatihan, Kecamatan Balong, Kabupaten Ponorogo, Jawa Timur)
Authors: Munggono Munggono
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Justice for the whole community is a right that has been normatively regulated. But the society's view of the disabled still constructs it in a different position, even assuming it is less favorable. This not only seems to be the actualization of the crisis of the culture of the people's knowledge, but the influence and the structural polemic. This study aims to explain the existence of Intellectual Disability in Economic Productivity of Kampung Tunagrahita in Tanggungrejo, Karangpatihan Village, Balong District, Ponorogo Regency Jawa Timur through the theory of the body and the madness of Michel Foucault and Economic Moral James Scott.

This study is a single case study. Data are sourced from informants, literature studies, written documents, archives and visual data. Techniques of collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation. Selection of informants selected purposively based on the classification of sex and status as well as employees of Karangpatihan Urban Village, tourists and private parties. Data validity by source triangulation technique. Data were analyzed with explanatory analysis model.

The results show that the existence of intellectual disability is realized to be responsible for sufficient material and morale needs. Farming is the principal productivity, while crafting mats, raising and farming as subsistence. The reciprocity is built through loyalty and integrity to the internal and external Kampung Tunagrahita supported by the constructive socio-cultural dynamics of the village.The practice of power based on the experience and knowledge of the people (normal people) by forming a worldview, classifying, differentiating, labeling (idiot, muddiness/stress), is not to treat intellectual disability in a position of being isolated, discriminated or marginalized Its existence can build a culture of religiosity, awareness of empathy, awareness to help each other, mutual manjaga and tolerate.

Keywords:Existence, disability, productivity, economy.
Comentario de “Aprender e instruir en los Andes siglos XV y XVI” de Enrique González Carré y Fermín del Pino-Díaz, Tomo I. Colección Pensamiento Educativo Peruano, Vol. 3. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013
Authors: González Canalda María Filomena
Published: September 2018

No precisa de un resumen.
Uso de las redes sociales para la resolución de problemas matemáticos en estudiantes no universitarios
Authors: Cruz Pichardo Ivanovnna Milqueya
Published: September 2018

La resolución de problemas matemáticos es una de las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje más importante en la actualidad y la menos usada por los docentes. Resulta ser una de las problemáticas que en estos últimos tiempos está siendo abordada con gran interés y preocupación por la investigación educativa. En el marco de esta búsqueda hemos desarrollado una investigación de tipo operativa o investigación-acción en el marco de la cual se creó una red social cerrada centrada en la resolución de problemas de matemáticos que nos permita desarrollar una acción formativa centrada en el aprendizaje colaborativo y el aprendizaje basado en problemas cuyo objetivo principal era analizar la implementación  del uso de las redes sociales en la resolución de problemas matemáticos en estudiantes de niveles no universitarios. El estudio nos permitió observar que el uso de las redes sociales en la resolución de problemas crea ambientes que propician aprendizaje y mejora el rendimiento de los alumnos participantes en la experiencia formativa.
Educadores resilientes, escuelas resilientes
Authors: ISFODOSU SALOME
Published: September 2018

No precisa de un resumen.
Presentación
Authors: Sánchez Mariñez Julio
Published: September 2018

No recisa de un resumen.
Analisis Pendapatan, Biaya Dan Titik Impas Usaha Pengepul Barang Bekas Di Kota Tangerang
Authors: Luthfiansyah Eki Feyzar , Mailasari Rina , Yuliana Rizka , Wulandari Utari , Aminuddin Aminuddin
Published: September 2018

In Indonesia, there is a business activity who conducted recycled goods. They collect it from many sources. The activities of this business have long existed in the main cities, especially in the area of Jabodetabek. This business practice is generally conducted by small entrepreneurs. As a business entity, the profit and loss are essential component in order to find out if the entity makes a profit or not. This article reports the results of research on the break-even point on recycled collector in Tangerang City. The results show, this business entity can generate sustainable enough profit.  Another research findings are we get any difficulties in obtain accurate data because the industry did not do adequate financial record. On that situation, the policy recommendation that can be implemented by the industry is recording financial report.
Kaji Tindak Penyusunan Media Pemasaran Berbasis Web Blog Industri Sentral Kacang Tanah Sangrai Di Kelurahan Kranggan, Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Az-Zahra Nazila Aulia , Farhani Fildzah Nisrina , Aprilia Nia , Khoirunisa Maulidya , Siswanto Tito
Published: September 2018

There are many research results which stated that one of the obstacles faced by the SMEs is a weak of marketing activities. Based such research, this article presents the results of an action research of the designing internet-based marketing which utilize web blog. The focus of the research is directed at peanuts small industry in Kranggan subdistrict, South Tangerang city. The procedure of the action is presented further in this article.
Peta Kekuatan, Kelemahan, Peluang Dan Ancaman (SWOT) Industri Arang Tempurung Kelapa Di Kelurahan Muncul, Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Paradise Radhita Nurul , Marisa Rima , Putri Noviana , Utami Cahyaning Dian , Istimal Imal
Published: September 2018

The coconut shell charcoal can be used as alternative fuel will become more environmentally friendly, easy to obtain, more economical and can be used by the wider community. In South Tangerang city, there are many home industries producing charcoal shell. Thus, this study will analyze the map strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the home industry. The results of the analysis using SWOT matrix shows that this industry has a very strategic position to be developed. Policy recommendations of the result is the industry needs to cooperate with coconut farmers and sellers of coconut in the traditional market, so supply remains awake.
Analisis Perbandingan Manajemen Keuangan Ojek Online Dan Ojek Reguler Studi Kasus Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur
Authors: Koesmawan M. , Erhandy Darwin , Dahlan Dede
Published: September 2018

In order to meet the needs of living which consists of primary as well as secondary needs, human can work in either a formal or an informal job. One of the informal jobs that is became the subject of this research was to become an ojek driver. Ojek is a ranting motorcycle.  Revenue of ojek drivers, accordingly, should be well managed following the concept of financial management. This research was conducted for the driver of the online motorcycle drivers as well as the regular motorcycle drivers they are called “The Ojek”. Ojek’s location is in Kecamatan (subdistrict) Duren Sawit, East Jakarta with 70 drivers of ojeks. The online ojeks earn an average of Rp 100,000 per day, can save Rp 11,000 to 21,000 per day, while, the regular ojek has an average income per day slightly lower amounted to Rp 78,500, this kind of ojeks generally have other businesses and always record the outflow of theirs money. Both the online and regular ojeks feel a tight competition in getting passengers, but their income can help the family finances and both ojeks want a cooperative especially savings and loans, especially to overcome the urgent financial difficulties. Almost all rivers, do not dare to borrow money. They are afraid of can not refund the money as scheduled.
Targeting relevant journals for publication a paper
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashif
Published: September 2018

Abstract not availableUpdate Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 01-04
“The Flesh of The Perceptible”: The New Materialism of Leviathan
Authors: Bowens Max
Published: September 2018

This article seeks to entangle two current philosophic praxes: New Materialism, and Sensory Ethnography. Jane Bennett has become one of New Materialism's most prominent proponents since the release of her now-seminal text, Vibrant Matter in 2010. Due to the varied ground upon which New Materialism stands (often conflated with object-oriented ontology, post-humanism, and other general turns within nonhumanism), Bennett's work will be looked at idiosyncratically, then pushed into the realm of the cinematic via an analysis of the documentary, Leviathan. Directed by Lucien Castaing-Taylor and Véréna Paravel, this film was among the first exemplary works to emerge from the Sensory Ethnography Lab, based at Harvard University. In striving for a revitalization of ethnographic film practices, the Lab aligns itself with similarly non-anthropocentric, and non-discursive, aspects of experience to the New Materialism of Jane Bennett. By placing these two contemporary camps into conversation, this article intends to reposition them both: New Materialism as a vehicle for the Sensory Ethnographic, and the SEL as an exhibition of the kind of world Bennett's philosophy envisages. The article concludes with an assessment of the political and eco-political critiques and ramifications surrounding these works.
‘He Brought the Cold Death on my Harandra’: The Cosmic Trilogy and the Ecotheology of Laudato si'
Authors: Johnson Maria Poggi
Published: September 2018

In his trilogy of space travel novels, published between 1938 and 1945, C.S. Lewis strikingly anticipates, and incarnates in imaginative form, the insights and concerns central to the modern discipline of ecotheology. The moral and spiritual battle that forms the plot of the novels is enacted and informed by the relationship between humans and the natural environment, Rebellion against, and alienation from, the Creator inevitably manifests in a violent and alienated attitude to creation, which is seen as something to be mastered and exploited. Lives and cultures in harmony with the divine will, on the other hand, are expressed in relationships of care and respect for the environment. The imaginative premise of the Trilogy is that of ecotheology; that the human relationships with God, neighbour, and earth and are deeply and inextricably intertwined.
Progress in Finding New Energy Levels Using Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Windholz Laurentius
Published: September 2018

The necessary tools for determining a fast and, during an experimental run, possible location of a new energy level are presented, using the findings and characterization of a new level of the La atom as an example. Due to the corresponding computer programs, the observations gained during the experiment can be immediately used.
Fabrication of PEO-PMMA-LiClO4-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes Containing Silica Aerogel Particles for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Lim Ye Sol , Jung Hyun-Ah , Hwang Haejin
Published: September 2018

To improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-ethylene carbonate (EC)-LiClO4-based solid polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and silica aerogel were incorporated into the PEO matrix. The effects of the PEO:PMMA molar ratio and the amount of silica aerogel on the structure of the PEO-PMMA-LiClO4 solid polymer electrolyte were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and alternating current (AC) impedance measurements. The solid polymer electrolyte with PEO:PMMA = 8:1 and 8 wt% silica aerogel exhibited the highest lithium-ion conductivity (1.35 × 10−4 S∙cm−1 at 30 °C) and good mechanical stability. The enhanced amorphous character and high degree of dissociation of the LiClO4 salt were responsible for the high lithium-ion conductivity observed. Silica aerogels with a high specific surface area and mesoporosity could thus play an important role in the development of solid polymer electrolytes with improved structure and stability.
Stochastic Programming-Based Fault Diagnosis in Power Systems Under Imperfect and Incomplete Information
Authors: Song Huizhong , Dong Ming , Han Rongjie , Wen Fushuan , Salam Md. Abdus , Chen Xiaogang , Fan Hua , Ye Jian
Published: September 2018

When a fault occurs in a section or a component of a given power system, the malfunctioning of protective relays (PRs) and circuit breakers (CBs), and the false and missing alarms, may manifestly complicate the fault diagnosis procedure. It is necessary to develop a methodologically appropriate framework for this application. As a branch of stochastic programming, the well-developed chance-constrained programming approach provides an efficient way to solve programming problems fraught with uncertainties. In this work, a novel fault diagnosis analytic model is developed with the ability of accommodating the malfunctioning of PRs and CBs, as well as the false and/or missing alarms. The genetic algorithm combined with Monte Carlo simulations are then employed to solve the optimization model. The feasibility and efficiency of the developed model and method are verified by a real fault scenario in an actual power system. In addition, it is demonstrated by simulation results that the computation speed of the developed method meets the requirements for the on-line fault diagnosis of actual power systems.
Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Anwar Mohammad , Rasul Mohammad G. , Ashwath Nanjappa , Rahman Md Mofijur
Published: September 2018

In this study, the production process of second-generation biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different levels. Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (wt %) and reaction temperature were the input factors in the optimisation process, while biodiesel yield was the key model output. Both 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots were developed using MINITAB 18 to predict optimum biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the resulting biodiesel was also done for biodiesel characterisation. To predict biodiesel yield a quadratic model was created and it showed an R2 of 0.98 indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. Maximum biodiesel yield of 95.8% was obtained at a methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt % and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. At these reaction conditions, the predicted biodiesel yield was 95.9%. These results demonstrate reliable prediction of the transesterification process by Response surface methodology (RSM). The results also show that the properties of the synthesised Australian native stone fruit biodiesel satisfactorily meet the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. In addition, the fuel properties of Australian native stone fruit biodiesel were found to be similar to those of conventional diesel fuel. Thus, it can be said that Australian native stone fruit seed oil could be used as a potential second-generation biodiesel source as well as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.
Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Behavior and Steering Ability of a Bottom Hole Assembly with a Bent-Housing Positive Displacement Motor Under Rotary Drilling Conditions
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Fu Jianhong , Ma Tianshou , Tong Anping , Guo Zhaoxue , Wang Xudong
Published: September 2018

Fully rotary drilling is one of many useful technologies used for the exploitation of petroleum and geothermal resources, but fully rotating drill-strings are extremely complicated. Therefore, according to the Hamilton principle, a non-linear coupled bottom hole assembly (BHA)-bit-formation-wellbore model is proposed for BHAs with bent-housing positive displacement motor using the finite element method to investigate the dynamic behavior and steering ability under fully rotary drilling. The impact force, acceleration, axial loading, torque, and dynamic stress were simulated, and factors influencing the dynamic steering forces were investigated. The results indicate that the impact force, acceleration, axial loading, torque, and dynamic stress under fully rotary drilling are much higher than under conventional drilling. The numerical simulation and field test in well B confirmed that the rotation of the drill-string is conducive to the hold-on of the deviation angle. With the increase in the weight-on-bit, bend angle, and stabilizer height, the deflecting force on a drill bit increases. Conversely, with the increase in stabilizer diameter, the deflecting force on the drill bit decreases; the lower the deflecting force, the better the effectiveness of hold-on. With increasing deviation angle, the deflecting force on the drill bit first decreases and then increases. The present model can provide a theoretical basis for wellbore trajectory control and optimization design of BHA.
Synthesis and Ceramic Conversion of a New Organodecaborane Preceramic Polymer with High-Ceramic-Yield
Authors: Li Jing , Cao Ke , Li Jie , Liu Meifang , Zhang Shuai , Yang Junxiao , Zhang Zhanwen , Li Bo
Published: September 2018

Boron carbide is one of the hardest materials known, with diamond-like mechanical properties and excellent chemical stability. It is wildly used in military defense area, nuclear industry, aerospace technology, etc. Precursor-derived ceramics have made it easier to produce pure boron carbide in processed forms and expand its applications. The challenge of this method is the synthesis of precursor polymer with high-ceramic-yield. The aim of the present work is to develop a new poly(6-norbornenyldecaborane-co-decaborane) [P(ND-co-D)] copolymer, which was successfully synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 6-norbornenyldecaborane and tandem hydroboration with decaborane. The obtained light-yellow powder displayed good solubility, and was fully characterized by NMR, FT-IR and GPC analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the char yield was up to 79%. The polymer-to-ceramic transformation process and pyrolysis mechanism has shown that the rearrangement of carbon chains of P(ND-co-D) mainly occurred in the temperature range of 350 °C~470 °C. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior and microstructures of derived ceramics were studied by XRD and SEM. Nano-sized boron carbide powders were prepared by pyrolysis of P(ND-co-D) under argon at 1400 °C for 2 h, while the structure and morphologies of the obtained rhombohedral B4C were investigated.
The Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis on Labor Market Outcomes Compared with Institutional Hemodialysis
Authors: Ghani Zartashia , Rydell Helena , Jarl Johan
Published: September 2018

Background

The aim of this study is to compare the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and institutional hemodialysis (IHD), the 2 most common dialysis modalities, on employment, work income, and disability pension in Sweden.

Methods

Included in this study were 4,734 patients in IHD and PD, aged 20 – 60 years, starting treatment in Sweden during 1995 – 2012, and surviving the first year of dialysis therapy. Both “intention to treat” and “on treatment” analyses were performed by including transplant patients into the former and censoring them at the date of transplant in the latter analysis. A reduced bias treatment effect of PD vs IHD on labor market outcomes was estimated while accounting for non-random selection into treatment.

Results

Peritoneal dialysis was found to be associated with a 4-percentage-point increased probability of employment compared with IHD in the “on treatment” analysis. Also, PD was associated with a reduced disability pension by 6 percentage points, as well as increased work income (EUR 3,477 for employed) compared with IHD during the first year of treatment. The “intention to treat” analysis tended to give higher effect sizes compared with “on treatment.”

Conclusions

The results indicate that PD is associated with a treatment advantage over IHD in terms of increased employment, work income, and reduced disability pension in the Swedish population after controlling for non-random selection into treatment.
Incidence, Etiology, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Acute kidney injury in Pediatric Admissions in Malawi
Authors: Evans Rhys D.R. , Docherty Marie , Seeley Anna , Craik Alison , Mpugna Martha , Mann Shawna , Dube Queen , Dreyer Gavin , Hemmila Ulla
Published: September 2018

Background

The epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is poorly described. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence, etiology, and outcomes of community-acquired AKI in pediatric admissions in Southern Malawi.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study of pediatric admissions to a tertiary hospital in Blantyre between 5 February and 30 April 2016. Children were screened for kidney disease on admission with measurement of serum creatinine and assessment of urine output. The clinical presentation, etiology, and management of children with AKI were documented.

Results

A total of 412 patients (median age 4 years, 52.6% male, and 7.5% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infected) were included in the study. Forty-five patients (10.9%) had AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes [KDIGO] criteria), which was stage 3 in 16 (35.6%) patients. Sepsis and hypoperfusion, most commonly due to malaria ( n = 19; 42.2%), were the causes of AKI in 38 cases (84.4%). Three patients (6.7%) underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD) for AKI: 2 of them recovered kidney function, and the other one died. In-hospital mortality was 20.5% in AKI and 2.9% if no kidney disease was present ( p < 0.0001). Seventeen (47.2%) patients with kidney disease had persistent kidney injury on hospital discharge.

Conclusion

Acute kidney injury occurs in 10.9% of pediatric admissions in Malawi and is primarily due to infections, particularly malaria. Acute kidney injury results in significantly increased in-hospital mortality. Urgent interventions are required to eliminate preventable causes of death in this region.
Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Peritonitis in the Elderly and Younger Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Htay Htay , Seng Jun Jie Benjamin , Yong Mei Hui Amanda , Pang Suh Chien , Wu Sin Yan , Chan Choong Meng , Sim Mui Hian , Johnson David W. , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin
Published: September 2018

Background

The incidence of elderly patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) has increased. This study aimed to examine the clinical presentation and outcomes of peritonitis in elderly PD patients compared with younger PD patients.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study included all adult PD patients who developed peritonitis between January 2011 and December 2014. Elderly was defined as ≥ 65 years old at PD initiation. The primary outcome was medical cure, defined as a peritonitis episode cured by antibiotics without being complicated by catheter removal, transfer to hemodialysis (HD), relapsing peritonitis, or death. The secondary outcomes were clinical manifestations (fever, cloudy dialysate) and complications (catheter removal, transfer to HD, relapse, hospitalization, and mortality). Peritonitis outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 377 peritonitis episodes occurred in 247 patients. Of these, 126 episodes occurred in 79 elderly patients and 251 episodes occurred in 168 younger patients. Baseline demographic data were comparable between the 2 groups, except that elderly patients were significantly more likely to have diabetes mellitus (66% vs 46%), diabetic nephropathy (55% vs 39%), and a lower serum albumin than younger patients. Medical cure was comparable between the 2 groups (71% vs 72%, respectively, p = 0.67, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 – 1.53). Compared with younger patients, elderly patients experiencing peritonitis had lower odds of fever (OR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30 – 0.94), cloudy dialysate (OR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23 – 0.88), and catheter removal (AOR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26 – 0.98), but similar odds of transfer to HD (AOR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.32 – 1.51), relapse (AOR 1.57, 95% CI: 0.46 – 5.40), hospitalization (AOR 1.55, 95% CI: 0.52 – 4.56), and all-cause mortality (AOR 1.88, 95% CI: 0.83 – 4.26).

Conclusions

Compared with younger patients, elderly PD patients with peritonitis achieved similar medical cure rates, a lower catheter removal rate, and comparable rates of HD transfer, relapse, hospitalization, and death. Elderly PD patients experiencing peritonitis were less likely to present with fever or cloudy dialysate.
Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Djamiykov Vergil , Greiner Christian
Published: September 2018

Reducing friction forces is a major challenge in many engineering applications involving moving parts. For the past 50 years, the morphological texturing of surfaces for improving tribological properties has been investigated. Only recently, the application of biologically inspired surface features, like scales found on lizards and snakes, has come to the attention of tribologists. Here, we present results of the lubricated and unlubricated performance of biologically inspired scale-like textures applied with laser light to the surface of bearing steel pins. These were paired in unidirectional sliding against metallic (100Cr6), polymeric (PEEK) and ceramic (Al2O3) counter bodies. Additionally, a possible size effect was investigated by changing the scale diameter between 13 and 150 µm under dry sliding contact against sapphire. Our results demonstrate that depending on the contact conditions a biologically inspired surface morphology has the potential to reduce friction forces by more than 80%. However, under certain conditions, especially for slow-moving lubricated steel-on-steel and steel-on-ceramic contacts, these surface morphologies may increase friction as well. Similar to classical laser surface textures, such as round dimples, these biologically inspired morphologies need to be carefully optimized for each tribological system in which they are intended to be applied. There is no standard solution for all sliding conditions. The results presented here demonstrate that such efforts have the potential to yield significant reduction in friction forces and are expected to spark future research in the field of biologically inspired surface morphologies applied to tribological contacts.
Does Circumgalactic O vi Trace Low-pressure Gas Beyond the Accretion Shock? Clues from H i and Low-ion Absorption, Line Kinematics, and Dust Extinction
Authors: Stern Jonathan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hennawi Joseph F. , Hafen Zachary , Johnson Sean D. , Fielding Drummond
Published: September 2018

Large O vi columns are observed around star-forming low-redshift

galaxies, with a dependence on impact parameter indicating that most

particles reside beyond half the halo virial radius (

). In order to constrain the nature of the gas traced by

, we analyze additional observables of the outer halo, namely

to O vi column ratios of 1–10, an absence of low-ion absorption, a mean differential extinction of

, and a linear relation between the O vi column and the O VI velocity width. We contrast these observations with two physical scenarios: (1) O vi traces high-pressure (

) collisionally ionized gas cooling from a virially shocked phase, and (2) O vi traces low-pressure (

) gas beyond the accretion shock, where the gas is in ionization and thermal equilibrium with the UV background. We demonstrate that the high-pressure scenario requires multiple gas phases to explain the observations and a large deposition of energy at

to offset the energy radiated by the cooling gas. In contrast, the low-pressure scenario can explain all considered observations with a single gas phase in thermal equilibrium, provided that the baryon overdensity is comparable to the dark-matter overdensity and that the gas is enriched to

with an ISM-like dust-to-metal ratio. The low-pressure scenario implies that O vi traces a cool flow with a mass flow rate of

, comparable to the star formation rate of the central galaxies. The O vi line widths are consistent with the velocity shear expected within this flow. The low-pressure scenario predicts a bimodality in absorption line ratios at

, due to the pressure jump across the accretion shock.
On the Deceleration and Spreading of Relativistic Jets. I. Jet Dynamics
Authors: Duffell Paul C. , Laskar Tanmoy
Published: September 2018

Jet breaks in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows provide a direct probe of their collimation angle. Modeling a jet break requires an understanding of the jet spreading process, whereby the jet transitions from a collimated outflow into the spherical Sedov–Taylor solution at late times. Currently, direct numerical calculations are the most accurate way to capture the deceleration and spreading process, as analytical models have previously given inaccurate descriptions of the dynamics. Here (in paper I) we present a new, semi-analytical model built empirically by performing relativistic numerical jet calculations and inferring the relationship between the Lorentz factor, opening angle, and shock radius. We then use the analytical model to calculate the Lorentz factor and jet opening angle as a function of the shock radius and compare to the numerical solutions. Our analytic model provides efficient means of computing synthetic GRB afterglow light curves and spectra, which is the focus of paper II.
X-Ray Structure between the Innermost Disk and Optical Broad-line Region in NGC 4151
Authors: Miller J. M. , Cackett E. , Zoghbi A. , Barret D. , Behar E. , Brenneman L. W. , Fabian A. C. , Kaastra J. S. , Lohfink A. , Mushotzky R. F. , Nandra K. , Raymond J.
Published: September 2018

We present an analysis of the narrow Fe Kα line in Chandra/HETGS observations of the Seyfert active galactic nucleus (AGN) NGC 4151. The sensitivity and resolution afforded by the gratings reveal asymmetry in this line. Models including weak Doppler boosting, gravitational redshifts, and scattering are generally preferred over Gaussians at the 5σ level of confidence, and generally measure radii consistent with

. Separate fits to “high/unobscured” and “low/obscured” phases reveal that the line originates at smaller radii in high-flux states; model-independent tests indicate that this effect is significant at the 4–5σ level. Some models and Δt ≃ 2 × 104 s variations in line flux suggest that the narrow Fe Kα line may originate at radii as small as

in high-flux states. These results indicate that the narrow Fe Kα line in NGC 4151 is primarily excited in the innermost part of the optical broad line region (BLR), or X-ray BLR. Alternatively, a warp could provide the solid angle needed to enhance Fe Kα line emission from intermediate radii, and might resolve an apparent discrepancy in the inclination of the innermost and outer disk in NGC 4151. Both warps and the BLR may originate through radiation pressure, so these explanations may be linked. We discuss our results in detail, and consider the potential for future observations with Chandra, XARM, and ATHENA to measure black hole masses and to study the intermediate disk in AGNs using narrow Fe Kα emission lines.
Globally Distributed Energetic Neutral Atom Maps for the “Croissant” Heliosphere
Authors: Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Michael A. T. , Drake J. F.
Published: September 2018

A recent study by Opher et al. suggested the heliosphere has a “croissant” shape, where the heliosheath plasma is confined by the toroidal solar magnetic field. The “croissant” heliosphere is in contrast to the classically accepted view of a comet-like tail. We investigate the effect of the “croissant” heliosphere model on energetic neutral atom (ENA) maps. Regardless of the existence of a split tail, the confinement of the heliosheath plasma should appear in ENA maps. ENA maps from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) have shown two high latitude lobes with excess ENA flux at higher energies in the tail of the heliosphere. These lobes could be a signature of the confinement of the heliosheath plasma, while some have argued they are caused by the fast/slow solar wind profile. Here we present ENA maps of the “croissant” heliosphere, focusing on understanding the effect of the heliosheath plasma collimation by the solar magnetic field while using a uniform solar wind. We incorporate pick-up ions (PUIs) into our model based on Malama et al. and Zank et al. We use the neutral solution from our MHD model to determine the angular variation of the PUIs, and include the extinction of PUIs in the heliosheath. In the presence of a uniform solar wind, we find that the collimation in the “croissant” heliosphere does manifest itself into two high latitude lobes of increased ENA flux in the downwind direction.
Deep Chandra Observations of ESO 428-G01. III. High-resolution Spectral Imaging of the Ionization Cone and Radio Jet Region
Authors: Fabbiano G. , Paggi A. , Karovska M. , Elvis M. , Maksym W. P. , Wang Junfeng
Published: September 2018

We have analyzed the deep Chandra observation (∼155 ks) of the Compton thick active galactic nucleus ESO 428-G014, to study in detail the morphology of the diffuse X-ray emission in the inner ∼500 pc radius region. Comparing different X-ray energy bands we find localized differences in the absorbing column and in the emission processes. Collisional ionization may be prevalent in the area of most intense optical line emission (Hα and [O iii]). There is a good correspondence between optical line, radio continuum, and soft (<3 keV) X-ray features, consistent with simulations of jet–molecular disk interaction. At all energies >3 keV, the extended emission in the central 1.″5 (170 pc) radius circumnuclear region amounts to ∼70%–30% of the contribution of a point source in that area (or ∼40%–25% of the total counts in the region). Within a 5″ radius, the contribution from extended emission overcomes that from a nuclear point source in the 3–4 keV band. This extended emission suggests scattering of nuclear photons by dense molecular clouds in the inner galactic disk of ESO 428-G014. Its presence may adversely bias the torus modeling of spectra from X-ray telescopes with inferior angular resolution compared to that of Chandra, such as NuSTAR and XMM-Newton.
Jet Radiation Properties of 4C +49.22: from the Core to Large-scale Knots
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Hai-Ming , Yao Su , Guo Sheng-Chu , Lu Rui-Jing , Liang En-Wei
Published: September 2018

4C +49.22 is a γ-ray flat-spectrum radio quasar with a bright and knotty jet. We investigate the properties of the core and large-scale knots by using their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Analysis of the Fermi/LAT data from 4C +49.22 over the past eight years reveals a long-term steady γ-ray emission component besides bright outbursts. For the core region, the γ-ray emission together with the simultaneous emission in the low-energy bands at different epochs is explained with the single-zone leptonic model. The derived magnetization parameters and radiation efficiencies of the radio-core jet decrease as the γ-ray flux decays, likely indicating that a large part of the magnetic energy is converted to the kinetic energy of particles on a parsec scale. For the large-scale knots, their radio–optical–X-ray SEDs can be reproduced with the leptonic model by considering the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons. The sum of the predicted γ-ray fluxes of these knots is comparable to that observed with LAT at ∼1024 Hz of the steady γ-ray component, indicating that the steady γ-ray emission may be partially contributed by these large-scale knots. This may conceal the flux variations of the low-level γ-ray emission from the radio core. The derived bulk Lorentz factors of the knots decrease with increasing distance from the core, illustrating the deceleration of the jet on a large scale. The powers of the core and knots are roughly of the same order, but the jet changes from highly magnetized in the core region to particle-dominated in the large-scale knots.
Strong X-Ray and Multiwavelength Flaring Activity for 1ES 1959+650, 2016 August–2017 November
Authors: Kapanadze B. , Dorner D. , Vercellone S. , Romano P. , Hughes P. , Aller M. , Aller H. , Reynolds M. , Tabagari L.
Published: September 2018

We present the detailed timing and spectral results obtained during the Swift observations of the TeV-detected blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016 August–2017 November. The source continued its trend of gradually enhancing X-ray flaring activity in the 0.3–10 keV energy range, starting in 2015 August, and a new highest historical brightness state was recorded twice. A long-term high state was superimposed by both weak and strong flares, and we detected 32 instances of intraday X-ray flux variability, including several occasions of extremely fast fluctuations with fractional amplitudes of 5.4%–7.5% within 1 ks exposures. The 0.3–10 keV spectra generally showed a best fit with the log-parabolic model, yielding a very wide range of the curvature parameter b and the photon index at 1 keV. The position of the synchrotron SED peak E
p showed an extreme variability on various timescales between energies less than 0.1 keV and 7.7 ± 0.7 keV, with 25% of the spectra peaking at hard X-rays. In 2017 May–November, the source mostly showed lower spectral curvature and an anticorrelation b–E
p, expected in the case of efficient stochastic acceleration of X-ray-emitting electrons. The 0.3–100 GeV and optical–UV fluxes also attained their highest historical values in this period, although the latter showed an anticorrelation with the 0.3–10 keV emission, which is explained by the stochastic acceleration of electrons with a narrow initial energy distribution, having an average energy significantly higher than the equilibrium energy.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: SCUBA-2 Data Reduction Methods and Gaussian Source Recovery Analysis
Authors: Kirk Helen , Hatchell Jennifer , Johnstone Doug , Berry David , Jenness Tim , Buckle Jane , Mairs Steve , Rosolowsky Erik , Francesco James Di , Sadavoy Sarah , J. Currie Malcolm , Broekhoven-Fiene Hannah , Mottram Joseph C. , Pattle Kate , Matthews Brenda , Knee Lewis B. G. , Moriarty-Schieven Gerald , Duarte-Cabral Ana , Tisi Sam , Ward-Thompson Derek
Published: September 2018

The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) was one of the first legacy surveys with the JCMT in Hawaii, mapping 47 deg2 of nearby (<500 pc) molecular clouds in dust continuum emission at 850 and 450 μm, as well as a more limited area in lines of various CO isotopologues. While molecular clouds and the material that forms stars have structures on many size scales, their larger-scale structures are difficult to observe reliably in the submillimeter regime using ground-based facilities. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which three subsequent data reduction methods employed by the JCMT GBS accurately recover emission structures of various size scales, in particular, dense cores, which are the focus of many GBS science goals. With our current best data reduction procedure, we expect to recover 100% of structures with Gaussian σ sizes of ≤30″ and intensity peaks of at least five times the local noise for isolated peaks of emission. The measured sizes and peak fluxes of these compact structures are reliable (within 15% of the input values), but source recovery and reliability both decrease significantly for larger emission structures and fainter peaks. Additional factors such as source crowding have not been tested in our analysis. The most recent JCMT GBS data release includes pointing corrections, and we demonstrate that these tend to decrease the sizes and increase the peak intensities of compact sources in our data set, mostly at a low level (several percent), but occasionally with notable improvement.
Unraveling the evolutionary history of the cave-dwelling Dysderidae in the Dinarides
Authors: Pavlek Martina , Arnedo Miquel , Gasparo Fulvio , Adrian Silvia
Published: September 2018

Because of their size, abundance and active predatory lifestyle, spiders of the family Dysderidae are among the most conspicuous creatures in the Dinaric caves. Historically, the interest for this group dates back to 1847, to the description of the first cave spider in the world, Stalita taenaria, and peaks in the middle of 20th century with the works of Joseph Kratochvíl and Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold among others. However, after all these years, an explicit phylogenetic hypothesis about the family relationships is still missing and the taxonomy of some genera is a matter of debate. Dinaric cave representatives belong to two subfamilies: Rhodinae, with 13 species from five genera (Rhode, Stalita, Parastalita, Mesostalita and Stalitella) and Harpacteinae, with eight species from two genera (Folkia and Stalagtia). All species are considered troglobiotic and are Dinaric endemics, with Harpacteine restricted to the south part of the Dinaric Mountains and Rhodinae (with few exceptions) to the north part. Here, we present the results of a mutli-locus phylogenetic analysis of the family combining mitochondrial and nuclear genes of the focal group along with representatives of the other dysderid genera. Our data reveal a more complex taxonomic structure than currently recognized, with several instances of paraphyly, and uncover some overlooked diversity at the species level.
1st Croatian Biospeleological expedition - Biokovo 2017
Authors: Pavlek Martina , Sudar Vedran , Kuharić Nikolina , Bregović Petra , Kirin Alen
Published: September 2018

Biokovo Mountain in Croatia is a Dinaric hotspot of subterranean biodiversity and its area of 196 km 2 is protected as a nature park. Until now, more than 400 caves have been registered here, however, only in about 30% of them biospeleological research has been carried out. It is hypothesized that over 1000 caves exist in highly karstified Biokovo Mt. Biospeleological research of the area started at the beginning of 20th century and deep caves were infrequently explored after the year 1980. Previous research recorded more than 90 troglobiotic species in this area and most of them are endemic. The primary goal of the Expedition was a systematic survey of eight deep caves (depth over 250 m), one of which was never before biospeleologically surveyed. We also surveyed other caves from which material for detailed faunistic analysis was missing. The main part of the expedition took place from 17 th to 25 th June 2017, with 52 participants. Fauna was collected by hand and by pitfall traps with baits, in the total of 26 caves. Five deep caves were completely surveyed (depth up to 710 m), the topographic map was made when missing, and fauna was photographed. Microclimatic conditions were measured and in two caves data loggers were placed. According to preliminary results, around 10 new species for science have been found from following groups: leeches (Hirudinea), spiders (Araneae), harvestmen (Opiliones), woodlice (Isopoda), centipedes (Chilopoda), springtails (Collembola), two-pronged bristletails (Diplura) and beetles (Coleoptera). These results confirm that deep caves of Biokovo Mt are still underexplored and that detailed and systematic research is needed.
Three new species of Krogia (Ramalinaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) from the Paleotropics
Authors: Kistenich Sonja , Rikkinen Jouko K. , Thüs Holger , Vairappan Charles S. , Wolseley Patricia A. , Timdal Einar
Published: September 2018

Krogiaborneensis Kistenich & Timdal, K.isidiata Kistenich & Timdal and K.macrophylla Kistenich & Timdal are described as new species, the first from Borneo and the two latter from New Caledonia. The new species are supported by morphology, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. Krogiaborneensis and K.isidiata contain sekikaic and homosekikaic acid, both compounds reported here for the first time from the genus. Krogiamacrophylla contains an unknown compound apparently related to boninic acid as the major compound. DNA sequences (mtSSU and nrITS) are provided for the first time for Krogia and a phylogeny of the genus based on 15 accessions of five of the six accepted species is presented. Krogiaantillarum is reported as new to Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico.