bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of aerosol–cloud interactions in the regional atmosphere–aerosol model COSMO-MUSCAT(5.0) and evaluation using satellite data
Authors: Dipu Sudhakar , Quaas Johannes , Wolke Ralf , Stoll Jens , Mühlbauer Andreas , Sourdeval Odran , Salzmann Marc , Heinold Bernd , Tegen Ina
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The regional atmospheric model Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) coupled to the Multi-Scale Chemistry Aerosol Transport model (MUSCAT) is extended in this work to represent aerosol–cloud interactions. Previously, only one-way interactions (scavenging of aerosol and in-cloud chemistry) and aerosol–radiation interactions were included in this model. The new version allows for a microphysical aerosol effect on clouds. For this, we use the optional two-moment cloud microphysical scheme in COSMO and the online-computed aerosol information for cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (Cccn), replacing the constant Cccn profile. In the radiation scheme, we have implemented a droplet-size-dependent cloud optical depth, allowing now for aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions. To evaluate the models with satellite data, the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been implemented. A case study has been carried out to understand the effects of the modifications, where the modified modeling system is applied over the European domain with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°  ×  0.25°. To reduce the complexity in aerosol–cloud interactions, only warm-phase clouds are considered. We found that the online-coupled aerosol introduces significant changes for some cloud microphysical properties. The cloud effective radius shows an increase of 9.5 %, and the cloud droplet number concentration is reduced by 21.5 %.
LIETUVOS GYDYTOJŲ ODONTOLOGŲ IR GYDYTOJŲ
ODONTOLOGŲ SPECIALISTŲ DARBO PRODUKTYVUMAS
Authors: Berlin Vilija , Pūrienė Alina , Mackevičiūtė Monika
Published: June 2017

Atsirandant priemonėms, palengvinančioms gydytojų
odontologų ir gydytojų odontologų specialistų
darbą, bei didėjant odontologų pasiūlai Lietuvoje,
svarbu išsiaiškinti odontologų darbo produktyvumą
ir palyginti jį su kitomis šalimis. Šie duomenys
gali būti naudingi asmenims, planuojantiems gydytojų
odontologų ir gydytojų odontologų specialistų
poreikį Lietuvoje, klinikų administracijos darbuotojams,
reguliuojantiems odontologų darbo produktyvumą.
Iš viso tyrime dalyvavo 2008 gydytojai (atsakomumo
dažnis 67,6%). Nustatyta, kad vidutiniškai per
6 valandų darbo dieną gydytojas odontologas ir gydytojas
odontologas specialistas priima 8 pacientus.
Daugiausia pacientų per dieną priima gydytojas ortodontas,
mažiausiai – gydytojas endodontologas.
Darbo produktyvumą statistiškai reikšmingai padidina
padėjėjas (p=0,02). Gydytojai, kurie dirba
didmiestyje, priima mažiau pacientų (7,7±3,6) nei
tie, kurie dirba kituose miestuose (9±3,1) (p=0,04).
Valstybinėje įstaigoje dirbantys odontologai priima
10,3±3,5 pacientus, o privačioje - 7,6±3,3 (p<0,05).
Nustatyta, kad darbo produktyvumui įtakos turi darbo
pobūdis. Samdomi gydytojai odontologai per
dieną priima statistiškai daugiau pacientų (p=0,011)
negu tie, kurie yra klinikų vadovai arba nuomojasi
darbo vietą. Išvados: bendrosios praktikos gydytojai
odontologai ir gydytojai odontologai specialistai
priima tokį patį pacientų skaičių. Įtakos darbo našumui
turi darbovietė, padėjėjas, darbo pobūdis.
Acceso a las tecnologías de información y la reducción de inequidades
Authors: Raudales García Nelson Roberto
Published: June 2017

La época de las Nuevas Tecnologías de información y comunicación (NTIC´s) han revolucionado diversos aspectos del diario vivir de los seres humanos, de forma que tales herramientas continúan influenciando en diversas formas en la vida de las personas.Hoy en día es inevitable el uso de las NTIC´s para el desarrollo de actividades médicas, científicas, investigación, innovación, etc. De igual manera, su uso/aplicación en la transferencia de conocimientos no queda separado del desarrollo de actividades orientadas a la escolarización y/o alfabetización, aplicable no solo en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), sino también en instituciones de educación media (EM) y primario.Asimismo, a nivel operativo tanto de las IES y de EM se vuelve imperante el reto que involucre a su personal docente en desempeñar procesos de transformación y actualización académico-curricular docente, todo ello para lograr aprovechar al máximo el establecimiento y aplicación de medios/políticas educativas que permitan a tales instituciones incursionar eficientemente en la era de las NTIC´s. Lo anterior contribuirá además en mejorar tanto el perfil del profesional que egresa de las instituciones de EM como de las IES y les pone en ventaja competitiva y comparativa.
Comparative Evaluation of Veriflow® Salmonella Species to USDA and FDA Culture-Based Methods for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food and Environmental Samples
Authors: Puri Amrita , Joelsson Adam C , Terkhorn Shawn P , Brown Ashley S , Gaudioso Zara E , Siciliano Nicholas A
Published: June 2017

Veriflow®Salmonella species (Veriflow SS) is a molecular-based assay for the presumptive detection of Salmonella spp. from environmental surfaces (stainless steel, sealed concrete, plastic, and ceramic tile), dairy (2% milk), raw meat (20%fat ground beef), chicken carcasses, and ready-to-eat (RTE) food (hot dogs). The assay utilizes a PCR detection method coupled with a rapid, visual, flow-based assay that develops in 3 min post-PCR amplification and requires only an 18 h enrichment for maximumsensitivity. The Veriflow SS systemeliminates the need for sample purification, gel electrophoresis, or fluorophore-based detection of target amplification and does not require complex data analysis. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation study demonstrated the ability of the Veriflow SS method to detect low levels of artificially inoculated or naturally occurring Salmonella spp. in eight distinct environmental and food matrixes. Ineach reference comparison study, probability of detection analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the Veriflow SS method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service MicrobiologyLaboratory Guidebook Chapter 4.06 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 5 reference methods. A total of 104 Salmonella strains were detected in the inclusivity study, and 35 nonspecific organisms went undetected in the exclusivity study. The study results show that the Veriflow SS method is a sensitive, selective, and robust assay for the presumptive detectionof Salmonella spp. sampled from environmental surfaces (stainless steel, sealed concrete, plastic, and ceramic tile), dairy (2% milk), raw meat (20% fat ground beef), chicken carcasses, and RTE food (hot dogs).
Miniaturized Temperature-Controlled Planar Chromatography (Micro-TLC) as a Versatile Technique for Fast Screening of Micropollutants and Biomarkers Derived from Surface Water Ecosystems and During Technological Processes of Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ślączka-Wilk Magdalena M , Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Kaleniecka Aleksandra , Zarzycki Paweł K
Published: June 2017

There is increasing interest in the development of simple analytical systems enabling the fast screening of target components in complex samples. A number of newly invented protocols are based on quasi separation techniques involving microfluidic paper-based analytical devices and/or micro total analysis systems. Under such conditions, the quantification of target components can be performed mainly due to selective detection. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate that miniaturized planar chromatography has the capability to work as an efficient separation and quantification tool for the analysis of multiple targets within complex environmental samples isolated and concentrated using an optimized SPE method. In particular, we analyzed various samples collected from surface water ecosystems (lakes, rivers, and the Baltic Sea of Middle Pomerania in the northern part of Poland) in different seasons, as well as samples collected during key wastewater technological processes (originating from the “Jamno” wastewater treatment plant in Koszalin, Poland). We documented that the multiple detection of chromatographic spots on RP-18W microplates—under visible light, fluorescence, and fluorescence quenching conditions, and using the visualization reagent phosphomolybdic acid—enables fast and robust sample classification. The presented data reveal that the proposed micro-TLC system is useful, inexpensive, and can be considered as a complementary method for the fast control of treated sewage water discharged by a municipal wastewater treatment plant, particularly for the detection of low–molecular mass micropollutants with polarity ranging from estetrol to progesterone, as well as chlorophyll-related dyes. Due to the low consumption of mobile phases composed of water–alcohol binary mixtures (less than 1 mL/run for the simultaneous separation of up to nine samples), this method can be considered an environmentally friendly and green chemistry analytical tool. The described analytical protocol can be complementary to those involving classical column chromatography (HPLC) or various planar microfluidic devices.
Revision of the genus Intybia (Coleoptera, Malachiidae) from Japan
Authors: Ikeda Hiroshi , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki
Published: June 2017

Japanese species of the genus Intybia are revised taxonomically, with the examination of the endophallic structure. Eight species, including one new species Intybia donan sp. nov. from Yonaguni-jima, are recognized. All species are described or redescribed with a key and figures. The endophallic structure contains one primary sclerite (gonoporal piece), three secondary sclerites (ligula, semi-gonoporal piece, and spinous plate) in some species, and a membranous basal area densely covered with many spines (spinous area). Based on the structures of the endophallus, the Japanese members of the genus are divided into two species groups (the histrio and pelegrini groups). The pelegrini species group is furthermore subdivided into three subgroups (subgroups 1–3). New distributional records are as follows: I. histrio from Hachijô-jima and Tanega-shima; I. niponica from Sakhalin and I. takaraensis from Tokuno-shima and Amami-Ôshima.
RÉGIME DE CHANGE ET CYCLICITÉ BUDGÉTAIRE DANS LES PAYS AFRICAINS
Authors: BOBBO Amadou
Published: June 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’établir, empiriquement, la relation entre le régime de changes et la cyclicité budgétaire. Pour cela, nous estimons plusieurs variantes de la fonction de réaction des dépenses de consommation publique spécifiées en panel dynamique pour un échantillon de 34 pays africains sur la période 1980-2012. En utilisant la méthode des moments généralisés en différence (DIFF-GMM) telle que développée par Arellano et Bond (1991), et en adoptant la classification de facto de Reinhart et Rogoff (2004), nous parvenons à deux principaux résultats : (1) en régimes de change fixe et intermédiaire, la procyclicité budgétaire est amplifiée; (2) en régime flexible, celle-ci est affaiblie.
Les agressions sexuelles : un crime à compassion variable?
Authors: Bernier Line
Published: June 2017

L’auteure s’intéresse aux motifs qui contribuent au silence et à l’invisibilisation des agressions sexuelles commises sur des jeunes de sexe masculin, puis à la réticence de ces derniers, une fois devenus des hommes adultes, à demander de l’aide.
Collaborating to improve child and youth mental health in Nunavik
Authors: Fraser Sarah , Rouillard Rémy , Nadeau Lucie , D’Ostie Racine Léna , Mickpegak Raymond
Published: June 2017

Following various reports highlighting the lack of mental health services for children and youth in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada), high rates of child placements under youth protection, and gaps in the coordination of services, the Regional Partnership Committee of Nunavik decided to prioritize collaborative, community-based approaches to the health and wellbeing of children, youth, and their families. It is in this context that the regional projectIlagiinut(‘For families’) was initiated and is being piloted in Kuujjuaraapik. In mental health care, collaborative practices are highly valued, and various models are flourishing. However, collaborative care models are not necessarily easy to implement and involve a variety of ingredients, including trust, strong partnerships, clarity of roles, and power dynamics, all of which are influenced by culture and context. In this study, we conducted a total of 54 interviews with administrators, clinicians, and Inuit family members to explore their everyday expectations for and experiences with child and youth mental health services and collaboration between people involved in care. In our analysis we explore how context influences expectations, beliefs, and experiences, and ultimately how these factors impact the nature of services offered to children, youth, and families. The aim is to shed light on obstacles to and facilitators of collaboration in child and youth mental health in order to inform individuals, communities, and organizations that are trying to change policy and practice.
The enduring afterlife of Before Tomorrow: Inuit survivance and the spectral cinema of Arnait Video Productions
Authors: Chisholm Dianne
Published: June 2017

This essay investigates how the filmmakers of Igloolik-based women’s collective Arnait Video Productions invent and combine various techniques and strategies of spectrality and survivance to create a powerful, cinematic form of Inuit cultural resistance and resilience. I borrow the concept of “survivance” from Anishnaabe literary theorist Gerald Vizenor who uses it to explain how Aboriginal literary and linguistic traditions continue to flourish in contemporary media despite and in response to colonialism’s systemic suppression of oral traditions. With this concept I analyze the way Arnait’s films re-enact and revive Inuit culture and oral tradition in the abiding voice and spirit of the dead whose creative art of living resists extinction. Arnait has to date produced three feature films: two fictional filmsBefore Tomorrow(2009) andUvanga(2013), and a documentarySol(2014). I demonstrate that all three films exhibit this uncanny mix of spectrality and survivance with focus on Arnait’s debut film as a case study.
SOX2 regulates acinar cell development in the salivary gland
Authors: Emmerson Elaine , May Alison J , Nathan Sara , Cruz-Pacheco Noel , Lizama Carlos O , Maliskova Lenka , Zovein Ann C , Shen Yin , Muench Marcus O , Knox Sarah M
Published: June 2017

Acinar cells play an essential role in the secretory function of exocrine organs. Despite this requirement, how acinar cells are generated during organogenesis is unclear. Using the acini-ductal network of the developing human and murine salivary gland, we demonstrate an unexpected role for SOX2 and parasympathetic nerves in generating the acinar lineage that has broad implications for epithelial morphogenesis. Despite SOX2 being expressed by progenitors that give rise to both acinar and duct cells, genetic ablation of SOX2 results in a failure to establish acini but not ducts. Furthermore, we show that SOX2 targets acinar-specific genes and is essential for the survival of acinar but not ductal cells. Finally, we illustrate an unexpected and novel role for peripheral nerves in the creation of acini throughout development via regulation of SOX2. Thus, SOX2 is a master regulator of the acinar cell lineage essential to the establishment of a functional organ.
Structural mechanism of ATP-independent transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I
Authors: Han Yan , Yan Chunli , Nguyen Thi Hoang Duong , Jackobel Ashleigh J , Ivanov Ivaylo , Knutson Bruce A , He Yuan
Published: June 2017

Transcription initiation by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) depends on the Core Factor (CF) complex to recognize the upstream promoter and assemble into a Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC). Here, we solve a structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol I-CF-DNA to 3.8 Å resolution using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The structure reveals a bipartite architecture of Core Factor and its recognition of the promoter from −27 to −16. Core Factor’s intrinsic mobility correlates well with different conformational states of the Pol I cleft, in addition to the stabilization of either Rrn7 N-terminal domain near Pol I wall or the tandem winged helix domain of A49 at a partially overlapping location. Comparison of the three states in this study with the Pol II system suggests that a ratchet motion of the Core Factor-DNA sub-complex at upstream facilitates promoter melting in an ATP-independent manner, distinct from a DNA translocase actively threading the downstream DNA in the Pol II PIC.
Dialectic of Male Desire in James Joyce’s Exiles
Authors: Zoleikhaei Saman , Ahmadzadeh Shideh
Published: June 2017

The current study aims to investigate James Joyce’s Exiles in light of Jacques Lacan’s theory of desire. Richard Rowan and Robert Hand as the major male characters of the play are involved with intersubjective relationships, the motor force behind which is language and its constitutive lack. Facing lack in the Symbolic order on account of language, they take recourse to desire to find object petit a. Being in a mutual relationship, object petit a fuels desire which makes the subjects establish their identity in accordance with the Other’s desire. What they seek and need is the Other’s desire to give meaning to their otherwise fruitless quest in life. Richard and Robert seek diverse object petit a’s, representative of their goals and ideals in life, to re-fill their lack. Being caught up in the same metonymical deferral of desire, they seek other surrogates throughout the play. This metonymical tendency to seek the Other’s desire paves the ground for the reproduction of desire through fantasy.
Maybe Aesop Was Right, the Tortoise Does Win: A Natural History of the Slow Reading Movement
Authors: Niedermeyer W. Jason
Published: June 2017

In the past decade, there has been a growing recognition that society’s emphasis on speed and efficiency came with some costs: a loss of the ability to appreciate activities and understand their meanings.  Recently, this meta-movement has made its way into the literature on literacy, causing the author to embark on an investigation into the veracity of the claims that slow reading might also mean better reading.  A natural history approach was adopted for the analysis to evaluate whether there was evolutionary justification for the movement, leading to the review of relevant work in the fields of ethology, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, and literacy. The findings reveal an evolutionary push toward both speed and understanding, two aims that eventually come to be at odds in expert readers. It is the conclusion of the author that, from an evolutionary perspective, there may be justification for the start of a slow reading movement, but that it must be paired with practices that develop the capacity to read fast.
Mg2+‐Dependent High Mechanical Anisotropy of Three‐Way‐Junction pRNA as Revealed by Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Yang , Di Weishuai , Li Yiran , Huang Wenmao , Wang Xin , Qin Meng , Wang Wei , Cao Yi
Published: June 2017

Mechanical anisotropy is ubiquitous in biological tissues but is hard to reproduce in synthetic biomaterials. Developing molecular building blocks with anisotropic mechanical response is the key towards engineering anisotropic biomaterials. The three‐way‐junction (3WJ) pRNA, derived from ϕ29 DNA packaging motor, shows strong mechanical anisotropy upon Mg2+ binding. In the absence of Mg2+, 3WJ‐pRNA is mechanically weak without noticeable mechanical anisotropy. In the presence of Mg2+, the unfolding forces can differ by more than 4‐fold along different pulling directions, ranging from about 47 pN to about 219 pN. Mechanical anisotropy of 3WJ‐pRNA stems from pulling direction dependent cooperativity for the rupture of two Mg2+ binding sites, which is a novel mechanism for the mechanical anisotropy of biomacromolecules. It is anticipated that 3WJ‐pRNA can be used as a key element for the construction of biomaterials with controllable mechanical anisotropy.
Age‐ and sex‐associated morphological variations of metatarsal torsional patterns in humans
Authors: Kitashiro Masateru , Ogihara Naomichi , Kokubo Tetsuro , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Nagura Takeo
Published: June 2017

It has been demonstrated that the torsional patterns of the metatarsal heads are associated with the presence or absence of the medial longitudinal arch in hominoid feet. The relatively untwisted second metatarsal is unique in humans, but that of the African apes is much more inverted, suggesting that the torsion of the second metatarsal might represent the overall shape and flatness of the foot. Some clinical studies have recently argued that the onset of foot pathologies such as hallux valgus might be related to the torsional pattern of the metatarsals. However, to date, no studies have systematically investigated the morphological variations of the torsional patterns of human metatarsals. In this study, therefore, the aim was to clarify the age‐ and sex‐associated variations in the torsional patterns of human metatarsals using three‐dimensional computed tomography. The torsion angles of the five metatarsals were calculated by defining the dorsopalmar vector of the metatarsal base and the vector corresponding to the rotational axis of the metatarsal head. The present result demonstrated that the second metatarsals of females were significantly more inverted with increasing age. Flat foot is known to be most common in elderly women. Whether there is a cause–effect relationship between second metatarsal torsion and flattening of the medial longitudinal arch has yet to be answered, but this study suggested that torsion of the second metatarsal might possibly be used as an indicator for the early diagnosis of flat foot and associated foot pathologies. Clin. Anat. 30:1058–1063, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel treatment for keratitis sicca (Dry eye): Anatomical feasibility study
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Watanabe Koichi , Kusukawa Jingo , Fisahn Christian , Alonso Fernando , Oskouian Rod J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: June 2017

Chronic dry eye (keratitis sicca) is a significant problem that in certain populations can result in corneal desiccation and the potential for blindness. Therefore, novel treatments for such disorders might decrease patient morbidity. The present study aimed to investigate a potential treatment for chronic dry eye via a cadaveric feasibility study. On 10 cadaveric sides, the parotid gland branch of the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) was identified and anastomosed to an anterior superficial temporal branch (STb) of this same nerve. The STb was then transposed anteriorly and sutured to the lacrimal gland. The parotid branch of the ATN was easily identified on all sides. The STb of the ATN was easily identified and mobilized on all sides. This latter nerve had adequate length to be moved to the ipsilateral lacrimal gland on all sides. Rerouting parotid gland secretomotor fibers to the superficial branch of the ATN and then moving this branch to the lacrimal gland is a feasible surgical maneuver based on our cadaveric study. Clinical studies are now necessary to show utility of this procedure in patients with chronic dry eye. Clin. Anat. 30:839–843, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of a Topotactic Electrochemical Reaction in a Perovskite‐Type Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Da , Hui Jianing , Liu Shaohong , Ni Chengsheng , Ni Jiupai
Published: June 2017

One of the mechanisms for some transition‐metal oxides as anodes of a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) is their conversion into variable‐valence oxides or even metals. The conversion reaction involves oxide‐ion transport and the formation/decomposition of Li2O, but very limited research has been done on the oxide‐ion transport of the anodes. Perovskite‐type oxides containing transition elements show high tolerance to oxygen‐deficiency and high oxide‐ion conductivity, which could benefit the oxide‐ion transport and structural stability. In this study, a CaMnO3‐based perovskite involving little volumetric variation upon oxygen uptake/release is examined to study the intermediate oxygen‐deficient product, and the loss of oxygen is found to follow the route of a topotactic electrochemical reaction. In particular, the conversion reaction of the perovskite involves the formation of oxygen‐deficient perovskite and rocksalt‐type CaMnO2 depending on the grain size.
From Peptides to Peptidomimetics: A Strategy Based on the Structural Features of Cyclopropane
Authors: Mizuno Akira , Matsui Kouhei , Shuto Satoshi
Published: June 2017

Peptidomimetics, non‐natural mimicries of bioactive peptides, comprise an important class of drug molecules. The essence of the peptidomimetic design is to mimic the key conformation assumed by the bioactive peptides upon binding to their targets. Regulation of the conformation of peptidomimetics is important not only to enhance target binding affinity and selectivity, but also to confer cell‐membrane permeability for targeting protein–protein interactions in cells. The rational design of peptidomimetics with suitable three‐dimensional structures is challenging, however, due to the inherent flexibility of peptides and their dynamic conformational changes upon binding to the target biomolecules. In this Minireview, a three‐dimensional structural diversity‐oriented strategy based on the characteristic structural features of cyclopropane to address this challenging issue in peptidomimetic chemistry is described.
Tetrameric and Dimeric [N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] Halogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Cages
Authors: Turunen Lotta , Peuronen Anssi , Forsblom Samu , Kalenius Elina , Lahtinen Manu , Rissanen Kari
Published: June 2017

Tripodal N‐donor ligands are used to form halogen‐bonded assemblies via structurally analogous Ag+‐complexes. Selective formation of discrete tetrameric I6L4 and dimeric I3L2 halonium cages, wherein multiple [N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] halogen bonds are used in concert, can be achieved by using sterically rigidified cationic tris(1‐methyl‐1‐azonia‐4‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)‐mesitylene ligand, L1(PF6)3, and flexible ligand 1,3,5‐tris(imidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene, L2, respectively. The iodonium cages, I6L14(PF6)18 and I3L22(PF6)3, were obtained through the [N⋅⋅⋅Ag+⋅⋅⋅N]→ [N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] cation exchange reaction between the corresponding Ag6L14(PF6)18 and Ag3L22(PF6)3 coordination cages, prepared as intermediates, and I2. The synthesized metallo‐ and halonium cages were studied in solution by NMR, in gas phase by ESI‐MS and in the solid‐state by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
(PU)2M2: A potentially underperforming‐aware path usage management mechanism for secure MPTCP‐based multipathing services
Authors: Cao Yuanlong , Song Fei , Luo Guoliang , Yi Yugen , Wang Wenle , You Ilsun , Wang Hao
Published: June 2017

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a promising transport protocol that allows a multihomed device to simultaneously use multiple network interfaces to send application data over multiple paths. However, although applying MPTCP to data delivery introduces many and attractive benefits, the MPTCP is vulnerable to network attacks. When a path within the MPTCP connection suffers from some types of attacks (eg, a denial‐of‐service attack) and becomes underperforming, it will undoubtedly cause transmission interruption in the stable paths and thus degrade the application‐level performance. Unfortunately, the MPTCP path management mechanism is very simple and cannot timely prevent the usage of underperforming paths in multipath transmission. In this paper, we introduce a new “potentially underperforming” (PU) concept to MPTCP and propose a novel PU‐aware path usage management mechanism ((PU)2M2) for MPTCP aiming to (1) detect and declare an underperforming path and prevent the usage of underperforming paths in multipath transmission, (2) provide a finite‐state‐machine model to change per‐path's state accordingly and effectively manage multiple paths for data transmission, and (3) alleviate the packet reordering problem and make MPTCP avoid throughput performance degradation during network underperforming. We demonstrate the benefits of applying (PU)2M2 to MPTCP.
Phenolics, fatty acids, and biological potential of selected Croatian EVOOs
Authors: Kulišić Bilušić Tea , Melliou Elleni , Giacometti Jasminka , Čaušević Amir , Čorbo Selma , Landeka Marija , Magiatis Prokopios
Published: June 2017

Nutritional value of extra virgin olive oil is associated with its complex chemical composition. The aim of this study was to determine phenolic secoiridoids in Extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from autochthonous Croatian cultivars (Drobnica, Krvavica, Lastovka, and Oblica) by qNMR, to determine simple phenolics by UPLC, as well as to analyze the fatty acid profile, the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative stability of selected oils. This is the first study on chemical and biological characterization of selected autochthonous olives varieties. Drobnica EVOO contained the highest amount of total phenols and major secoiridoid derivatives (oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein aglycon, and ligstroside aglycon) compared to other oils. The antioxidant activity of Drobnica phenolics was very high by FRAP and copper‐induced LDL oxidation assays, while the oxidative stability of Drobnica oil by Rancimat method was very long (23 h).

Practical applications: This study represents the contribution to the research of chemical and biological potential of monovarietal extra virgin olive oil from Croatia. EVOOs from selected Croatian autochthonous cultivars had very high phenolic content that is related to high inhibitory rate of copper‐induced oxidation of human LDL as well as the long oxidative stability. Drobnica EVOO showed very long oxidative stability. EFSA approved health claim on olive oil polyphenols (EU, 432/2012) and selected Croatian cultivars, especially Drobnica, are of interest due to its high phenolic content and strong biological potential.
The effects and toxicity of cathinones from the users' perspectives: A qualitative study
Authors: Assi Sulaf , Gulyamova Nargilya , Kneller Paul , Osselton David
Published: June 2017

Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the users' perspectives regarding the effects and toxicity of cathinones.

Methods

A systematic search of Internet discussion forums yielded 303 threads relevant to the research objectives. The threads were analysed by conventional content analysis where concepts were developed from codes and themes.

Results

The study identified 3 main themes in relation to cathinone use, effects, and toxicity. The first theme considered the modalities of intake of cathinones in relation to the derivative taken (mainly mephedrone, 3‐methylmethcathinone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone), route of administration (eyeballing, insufflation, smoking, intravenous, oral, rectal, and sublingual), multidrug use, and purity of the cathinone derivative. The second theme characterised the main effects of cathinones, that is, increased energy, euphoria, and empathogenic. Toxic effects were reported regarding the nervous system (anxiety, hallucinations, nervousness, and paranoia), cardiovascular system (angina, myocardial infarction, and tachycardia), skin (discolouration, itching, and allergy), and renal system (difficulty in urination). Drug–drug interactions were also reported including multiple drug use between cathinones, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens.

Conclusions

The Internet discussion forums provide useful sources of information regarding the effects and toxicity of cathinones, which can be taken into account when assessing the safety of drugs.
Exploration of a ternary deep eutectic solvent of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide/chalcone/formic acid for the selective recognition of rutin and quercetin in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
Authors: Ma Wanwan , Tang Baokun , Row Kyung Ho
Published: June 2017

Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide/chalcone/formic acid, a green ternary deep eutectic solvent, was applied as a functional monomer and dummy template simultaneously in the synthesis of a new molecularly imprinted polymer. Ternary deep eutectic solvent based molecularly imprinted polymers are used as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent in the separation and purification of rutin and quercetin from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy were applied to characterize the deep eutectic solvent based molecularly imprinted polymers synthesized using different molar ratios of chalcone. The static and competitive adsorption tests were performed to examine the recognition ability of the molecularly imprinted polymers to rutin and quercetin. The ternary deep eutectic solvent consisting of formic acid/chalcone/methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (1:0.05:0.5) had the best molecular recognition effect. After optimization of the washing solvents (methanol/water, 1:9) and eluting solvents (acetonitrile/acetic acid, 9:1), a reliable analytical method was developed for strong recognition towards rutin and quercetin in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae with satisfactory extraction recoveries (rutin: 92.48%, quercetin: 94.23%). Overall, the chalcone ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with solid‐phase extraction is an effective method for the selective purification of multiple bioactive compounds in complex samples.
Inverting suprastomal granulomas
Authors: Schweiger Cláudia , Hart Catherine K. , Cotton Robin T. , Rutter Michael J.
Published: June 2017

Although suprastomal granulomas are a common complication of tracheotomy, they usually are an incidental finding and do not always require treatment. However, large granulomas may require removal, either to assist with speech production or to make the airway safer in the event of an accidental decannulation.

Very large suprastomal granulomas extending up to or even through the vocal cords have been described. However, inverting suprastomal granulomas extending distally down the length of a tracheotomy tube have not been previously described.

We present two cases of large suprastomal granulomas that extended distally down the trachea. Both extended beyond the tip of the tracheotomy tube, causing partial airway obstruction, and therefore required excision. Laryngoscope, 127:2883–2885, 2017
Ceftriaxone reduces L‐dopa–induced dyskinesia severity in 6‐hydroxydopamine parkinson's disease model
Authors: Chotibut Tanya , Meadows Samantha , Kasanga Ella A. , McInnis Tamara , Cantu Mark A. , Bishop Christopher , Salvatore Michael F.
Published: June 2017

Background: Increased extracellular glutamate may contribute to l‐dopa induced dyskinesia, a debilitating side effect faced by Parkinson's disease patients 5 to 10 years after l‐dopa treatment. Therapeutic strategies targeting postsynaptic glutamate receptors to mitigate dyskinesia may have limited success because of significant side effects. Increasing glutamate uptake may be another approach to attenuate excess glutamatergic neurotransmission to mitigate dyskinesia severity or prolong the time prior to onset. Initiation of a ceftriaxone regimen at the time of nigrostriatal lesion can attenuate tyrosine hydroxylase loss in conjunction with increased glutamate uptake and glutamate transporter GLT‐1 expression in a rat 6‐hydroxydopamine model. In this article, we examined if a ceftriaxone regimen initiated 1 week after nigrostriatal lesion, but prior to l‐dopa, could reduce l‐dopa–induced dyskinesia in an established dyskinesia model.

Methods: Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, once daily, 7 consecutive days) was initiated 7 days post‐6‐hydroxydopamine lesion (days 7‐13) and continued every other week (days 21‐27, 35‐39) until the end of the study (day 39 postlesion, 20 days of l‐dopa).

Results: Ceftriaxone significantly reduced abnormal involuntary movements at 5 time points examined during chronic l‐dopa treatment. Partial recovery of motor impairment from nigrostriatal lesion by l‐dopa was unaffected by ceftriaxone. The ceftriaxone‐treated l‐dopa group had significantly increased striatal GLT‐1 expression and glutamate uptake. Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase loss in this group was not significantly different when compared with the l‐dopa alone group.

Conclusions: Initiation of ceftriaxone after nigrostriatal lesion, but prior to and during l‐dopa, may reduce dyskinesia severity without affecting l‐dopa efficacy or the reduction of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase loss. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dealing with many correlated covariates in capture–recapture models
Authors: Gimenez Olivier , Barbraud Christophe
Published: June 2017

Capture–recapture models for estimating demographic parameters allow covariates to be incorporated to better understand population dynamics. However, high‐dimensionality and multicollinearity can hamper estimation and inference. Principal component analysis is incorporated within capture–recapture models and used to reduce the number of predictors into uncorrelated synthetic new variables. Principal components are selected by sequentially assessing their statistical significance. We provide an example on seabird survival to illustrate our approach. Our method requires standard statistical tools, which permits an efficient and easy implementation using standard software.
The Effect of Preoperative Cognitive Behavior and Exercise Therapy for a Patient With an Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device in Korea
Authors: Seo Yong Gon , Park Won Hah , Jeon Eun Seok , Sung Ji Dong , Jang Mi Ja
Published: June 2017

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used in patients with progressive heart failure symptoms to provide circulatory support. Patients with LVADs are referred to inpatient cardiac rehabilitation to prevent postoperative complications and improve aerobic capacity and quality of life. Preoperative exercise therapy for cardiac patients is an emerging treatment modality, and several studies have reported that it improves postoperative outcomes, such as length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. This case report describes the benefits of preoperative cognitive behavioral and exercise therapy in a Korean patient undergoing LVAD implantation.

Level of Evidence

V
A link between topological entropy and Lyapunov exponents
Authors: CATALAN THIAGO
Published: June 2017

We show that a $C^{1}$-generic non-partially hyperbolic symplectic diffeomorphism $f$ has topological entropy equal to the supremum of the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents of its hyperbolic periodic points. Moreover, we also prove that $f$ has topological entropy approximated by the topological entropy of $f$ restricted to basic hyperbolic sets. In particular, the topological entropy map is lower semicontinuous in a $C^{1}$-generic set of symplectic diffeomorphisms far from partial hyperbolicity.
Periodic approximation of Lyapunov exponents for Banach cocycles
Authors: KALININ BORIS , SADOVSKAYA VICTORIA
Published: June 2017

We consider group-valued cocycles over dynamical systems. The base system is a homeomorphism $f$ of a metric space satisfying a closing property, for example a hyperbolic dynamical system or a subshift of finite type. The cocycle $A$ takes values in the group of invertible bounded linear operators on a Banach space and is Hölder continuous. We prove that upper and lower Lyapunov exponents of $A$ with respect to an ergodic invariant measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ can be approximated in terms of the norms of the values of $A$ on periodic orbits of $f$. We also show that these exponents cannot always be approximated by the exponents of $A$ with respect to measures on periodic orbits. Our arguments include a result of independent interest on construction and properties of a Lyapunov norm for the infinite-dimensional setting. As a corollary, we obtain estimates of the growth of the norm and of the quasiconformal distortion of the cocycle in terms of the growth at the periodic points of $f$.
Effect of green tea extract supplementation on glycogen replenishment in exercised human skeletal muscle
Authors: Tsai Tsen-Wei , Chang Chia-Chen , Liao Su-Fen , Liao Yi-Hung , Hou Chien-Wen , Tsao Jung-Piao , Cheng I.-Shiung
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on promoting postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and systemic energy substrate utilisation in young college students. A total of eight healthy male participants (age: 22·0 (se1·0) years, BMI: 24·2 (se0·7) kg/m2, VO2max: 43·2 (se2·4) ml/kg per min) participated in this study. GTE (500 mg/d for 8 weeks) was compared with placebo in participants in a double-blind/placebo-controlled and crossover study design with an 8-week washout period. Thereafter, all participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (75 % VO2max) and consumed a carbohydrate-enriched meal immediately after exercise.Vastus lateralismuscle samples were collected immediately (0 h) and 3 h after exercise, and blood and gaseous samples were collected during the 3-h postexercise recovery period. An 8-week oral GTE supplementation had no effects on further promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle, but the exercise-induced muscle GLUT type 4 (GLUT4) protein content was greater in the GTE supplementation trial (P<0·05). We observed that, during the postexercise recovery period, GTE supplementation elicited an increase in energy reliance on fat oxidation compared with the placebo trial (P<0·05), although there were no differences in blood glucose and insulin responses between the two trials. In summary, 8-week oral GTE supplementation increases postexercise systemic fat oxidation and exercise-induced muscle GLUT4 protein content in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise. However, GTE supplementation has no further benefit on promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis during the postexercise period.
Perquenco's Travelling Guitarists and the Administrative Inconsistencies of the Pinochet Dictatorship's Indigenous Policies
Authors: CRAGO SCOTT D.
Published: June 2017

This article analyses the administrative structure and development of Chile's indigenous policies under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973–90), taking as its focus a pilot project for indigenous Mapuche integration known as Plan Perquenco. Officials formulated Plan Perquenco in accordance with the Chilean state's new administrative structure known as regionalisation. I focus on the unintended consequences of regionalisation that permitted the Mapuche youth group, Los Guitarreros Caminantes, to work through Plan Perquenco's music programmes to challenge the cultural politics of and justification for the pilot project.
The crystal structure of Na(NH4)Mo3O10·H2O
Authors: Reid Joel W. , Kaduk James A. , Olson Jeremy A.
Published: June 2017

The crystal structure of Na(NH4)Mo3O10·H2O has been solved by parallel tempering using the FOX software package with synchrotron powder diffraction data obtained from beamline 08B1-1 at the Canadian Light Source. Rietveld refinement, performed with the software package GSAS, yielded orthorhombic lattice parameters of a = 13.549 82(10), b = 7.618 50(6), and c = 9.302 74(7) Å (Z = 4, space group Pnma). The structure is composed of molybdate chains running parallel to the b-axis. The Rietveld refinement results were compared with density functional theory calculations performed with CRYSTAL14, and show excellent agreement with the calculated structure.
Solving polynomial systems using a fast adaptive back propagation-type neural network algorithm
Authors: GOULIANAS K. , MARGARIS A. , REFANIDIS I. , DIAMANTARAS K.
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes a neural network architecture for solving systems of non-linear equations. A back propagation algorithm is applied to solve the problem, using an adaptive learning rate procedure, based on the minimization of the mean squared error function defined by the system, as well as the network activation function, which can be linear or non-linear. The results obtained are compared with some of the standard global optimization techniques that are used for solving non-linear equations systems. The method was tested with some well-known and difficult applications (such as Gauss–Legendre 2-point formula for numerical integration, chemical equilibrium application, kinematic application, neuropsychology application, combustion application and interval arithmetic benchmark) in order to evaluate the performance of the new approach. Empirical results reveal that the proposed method is characterized by fast convergence and is able to deal with high-dimensional equations systems.
Eating down or simply eating less? The diet and health implications of these practices during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Harding Kassandra L , Matias Susana L , Mridha Malay K , Vosti Stephen A , Hussain Sohrab , Dewey Kathryn G , Stewart Christine P
Published: June 2017

Objective

To: (i) determine the prevalence of self-reported eating less and eating down during early and late pregnancy and postpartum, and explore risk factors associated with eating less; (ii) examine the association between eating less and diet quality; and (iii) determine the association between eating less and weight gain during pregnancy.

Design

Data were collected longitudinally from a cohort of women participating in a community health programme. Diet was assessed at three time points (≤20 weeks’ gestation, 36 weeks’ gestation, 6 months’ postpartum), body weight was measured during study enrolment (≤20 weeks’ gestation) and at 36 weeks’ gestation, and information about the woman and her household was collected at enrolment.

Setting

The Rang-Din Nutrition Study in the Rangpur and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh.

Subjects

Women (n4011).

Results

The prevalence of self-reported eating less differed by time point (75·9 % in early pregnancy, 38·8 % in late pregnancy, 7·4 % postpartum;P<0·001). The most common reason for eating less across all time periods was food aversion or loss of appetite. Women who reported eating less in late pregnancy had consumed animal-source foods less frequently in the preceding week than women who reported eating more (mean (sd): 11·7 (7·4)v. 14·8 (9·2) times/week;P<0·001) and had lower weekly weight gain than women who reported eating more (mean (se): 0·27 (0·004)v. 0·33 (0·004) kg/week;P<0·001).

Conclusions

Eating less has negative implications with respect to diet quality and pregnancy weight gain in this context.
It's all about the Flex: Preference, Flexibility and Power in the Employment of EU Migrants in Low-Skilled Sectors
Authors: Rolfe Heather
Published: June 2017

In the last ten years, EU migrants have come to play an important role in the UK labour force. They have become increasingly present in low-skilled occupations, where the largest proportional increase has been migration from Eastern and Central European countries. Drawing on research carried out between November 2015 and July 2016 on the employment of EU migrants in the sectors of hospitality, food and drink and construction, we find that EU migrants have met employers’ needs for a flexible labour force but that the use of mobile workers in these sectors is long-standing. The prospect of a reduced supply of EU migrants following the UK's vote to leave the EU and the government's target of reducing net migration poses a challenge for employers. We explore the tension between political pressure and economic need through posing a range of options for new immigration policy post-Brexit.
Exploiting the biosynthetic machinery of Streptomyces pilosus to engineer a water-soluble zirconium(iv) chelator
Authors: Richardson-Sanchez Tomas , Tieu William , Gotsbacher Michael P. , Telfer Thomas J. , Codd Rachel
Published: June 2017

A combined microbiology-chemistry approach has been used to generate a water-soluble chain-extended octadentate hydroxamic acid designed as a high affinity and selective Zr(iv) ligand.