bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience
Authors: Thorén Henrik
Published: November 2021

This chapter extends the concept of resilience past its popular use and abuse to consider the deeper set of concepts that shape understandings of stability and instability in ecological relationships. Here, bundles of supporting concepts, each carrying implicit values, threaten to turn a multitude of useful ideas into a mess of conflicting frameworks. While resilience is a concept that developed out of the empirical grounds of ecology, it becomes, for sustainability science, a ‘term of art’ that expands to encompass the qualitative discourses of the humanistic sciences.
Nuclear Awareness
Authors: Sukhenko Inna , Pál Viktor
Published: November 2021

This chapter draws attention to the concept of nuclear awareness that arose in the wake of the nuclear catastrophes. It highlights epistemic and political stakes: the almost unimaginable timetables of nuclear energy (extraction and waste) on one hand, and the threat of instantaneous destruction on the other. The chapter emphasizes nuclear awareness as a critical assertion of nuclear energy and its societal impact and as a trigger of critical thinking of nuclear technology, nuclear power production, nuclear agenda, as well as their challenges and opportunities involved. The chapter analyzes the tools of narrating the Chernobyl disaster in the contemporary nuclear fiction, regarded as a archive of the nuclear Anthropocene and a case of nuclear knowledge management.
Health Economics of Vaccination and Immunization Practices
Authors: Szucs Thomas
Published: November 2021

The economic importance of vaccines lies partly in the burden of disease that can be avoided and partly in the competition for resources between vaccines and other interventions. Decision-makers are increasingly demanding hard economic data as a basis for the allocation of limited healthcare resources.

The main types of evaluation available are cost-benefit analysis (best use of allocated resources), cost-effectiveness analysis (a tool that helps policy-makers decide on the overall allocation of resources), and cost-utility analysis (quality-adjusted life year [QALY] which allows for a direct comparison of a wide range of medical interventions).

The cost per QALY for a range of vaccinations can be compared in order to plan a vaccination program.

Public health vaccines warrant a cost-benefit approach, in order to determine if they are worthwhile, whereas recommended vaccines might be more usefully assessed by cost-effectiveness analysis.

Although cost-savings do not necessarily equate with cost-effectiveness, cost-savings are achieved in many vaccination programs.
Os desafios do ensino remoto em tempos pandêmicos: o uso das tecnologias digitais como recurso pedagógico
Authors: Santos Weber Miranda , Fernandes Neto Izidorio Paz
Published: November 2021

A tecnologia é uma ferramenta que vem facilitando o cotidiano da sociedade em vários setores, em específico na área da educação, porém é de extrema importância que se tenha preparo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é demonstrar os desafios enfrentados pelos professores durante o período de ensino remoto, que se estabeleceu devido a pandemia de Covid-19. Consequentemente, o estudo contextualizará alternativas para facilitar o desempenho do professor durante as aulas e maximizar os resultados educacionais e profissionais. Efetivamente esse estudo abordará a seguinte problemática: Quais são os desafios do ensinar em tempos de pandemia? A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do atual trabalho é a revisão bibliográfica, que irá analisar os dados de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa, com ênfase em acervos de credibilidade nacional e internacional. O que justifica o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é a ausência de materiais acadêmicos que trata sobre ao assunto, além da necessidade de demonstrar desafios da tecnologia nas aulas remotas, provenientes da pandemia. Conclui-se, que a tecnologia é essencial para o desenvolvimento do professor e do aluno, porém é necessário que se tenha treinamento e capacitação para a utilização dos equipamentos, pois a falta de treinamento e capacitação acarretam dificuldades no aprendizado e no processo pedagógico nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
A Defense Industry Economy: The Concept of Dual-Use Technologies (Spin On & Spin Off) as an Effort to Accelerate the Independence of the Indonesian Defense Industry
Authors: Susdarwono Endro Tri
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study discusses the concept of dual-use technologies (spin on and spin off) in an effort to accelerate the economic independence of the Indonesian defense industry. This research is a qualitative research, the type of research uses a comprehensive analytical study and analytical normative approach. The development of defense technology in addition to aiming at production independence that can compete with other countries' products, must also provide a multiplier effect. The strategy is clear: optimize the added value of the defense industry. To that end, the first step that must be taken is to encourage import substitution for the defense industry and, after the industry develops, the final step is to commercialize or spin off the spillover effect or defense industry multiplier effect in the form of products that can be used for civil benefit. Defense provides a direct advantage of technology and its influence on other sectors, where the spin-off is used by the civil sector which can increase growth. In developing countries, defense spending can increase growth if some portion of expenditure is used for the provision of social infrastructure. Defense spending provides protection for citizens, where internal and external security will increase exchange in the market.
A newcomer from the east: naturalisation of Gypsophila perfoliata L. around the city of Miskolc (Northeast Hungary)
Authors: Schmotzer Bükk András , Takács Attila , Koscsó János
Published: November 2021

Gypsophila perfoliata (Caryophyllaceae) is a rare, only casually occurring species in Central Europe. Its native range spans from western Asian to the coast of the Black Sea. Several adventive occurrences of G. perfoliata were documented in Central Europe, especially in Germany where the naturalisation of the taxon occurred during the first decades of the 20th century. As a rare weed, it is suspected to have been introduced with iron ore from the former Soviet Union via railways (Kryvyi Rih region, now Ukraine). In this paper, we gathered information on the occurrence of G. perfoliata from its adventive range. These data indicate an ongoing and fast spread of the species across Central and Eastern Europe. For instance, prior to this study, G. perfoliata have two occurrence records from Hungary. Six new and recent records from Miskolc town and its surrounding areas are presented in this paper. The studied plant occurs in former industrial areas (steel factory, transshipment yards, external slag heaps) or along transport lines (esp. road verges, railway lines). We also describe 18 phytosociological relevés taken at the location of occurrences. All occurrences were documented on heavily modified anthroposols, where the populations flourish on bare ground (esp. road verges or parking areas) or on ground with admixture of metalliferous slag debris. With the help of available orthophotos the presumed land-use history of the locations has also been reconstructed. Based on data presented here we recommend modifying the species’ adventive status in Hungary from casual to naturalised. Further expansion of the species is expected not only 172 at industrial sites but also at locations where slag material was utilised (e.g. landfill, road and rail construction). Due to its halophyte characteristics the species might expand its range along roads where de-icing salt is used.
Determinación de metales pesados en material particulado atmosférico por espectroscopía de absorción atómica: validación
Authors: Sarmiento-Gamero Maria Fernanda , Ramos-Contreras Carlos Daniel , Flórez-Pérez Sofía Lorena , Molina-Pérez Francisco José
Published: November 2021

El análisis de Cr, Cd, Pb y Ni en material particulado (PM10) permite establecer los niveles de exposición y de cuantificación, empleando digestión ácida asistida por microondas y espectroscopía de absorción atómica. Se evaluaron los parámetros: linealidad, límite de detección y de cuantificación, precisión y veracidad. Se obtuvo comportamiento lineal (R2>0,995) entre 0,75-2,5 μgCd, 8,75-125 μgNi, 5-25 μgCr y 8,75-15 μgPb. También, se evidenció efecto matriz (α=0.05) en todos los metales estudiados. Los coeficientes de variación (0,9-12%) y los porcentajes de recuperación (66-126%) se encontraron dentro de los intervalos permitidos. El análisis del material de referencia (NIST 1649b Urban Dust) permitió determinar la veracidad de la metodología (71-102 % R). Por consiguiente, la metodología puede ser implementada para evaluar de manera confiable, el cumplimiento de la resolución 2254:2017 del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.

The analysis of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ni in particulate matter (PM10) makes it possible to establish the levels of exposure and risk to the health of the population. This work presents the validation and implementation of analytical methodologies, using microwave-assisted acid digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The parameters were evaluated: linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, precision, and veracity. Linear behavior (R2> 0.995) was obtained between 0.75-2.5 μg Cd, 8.75-125 μg Ni, 5-25 μg Cr and 8.75-15 μg Pb. Also, a matrix effect (α = 0.05) was evidenced in all the metals studied. The coefficients of variation (0.9-12%) and the recovery percentages (66-126%) were found within the allowed intervals. The analysis of the reference material (NIST 1649b Urban Dust) allowed to establish the veracity of the methodology (71-102 % R). Finally, the methodology can be implemented to reliably assess compliance with resolution 2254: 2017 of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development.
Descripción del movimiento humano basado en el marco de Frenet Serret y datos tipo MOCAP
Authors: Hernandez-Gomez Juan Camilo , Restrepo-Martínez Alejandro , Valencia-Aguirre Juliana
Published: November 2021

Clasificar el movimiento humano se ha convertido en una necesidad tecnológica, en donde para definir la posición de un sujeto requiere identificar el recorrido de las extremidades y el tronco del cuerpo, y tener la capacidad de diferenciar esta posición respecto a otros sujetos o movimientos, generándose la necesidad tener datos y algoritmos que faciliten su clasificación. Es así, como en este trabajo, se evalúa la capacidad discriminante de datos de captura de movimiento en rehabilitación física, donde la posición de los sujetos es adquirida con el Kinect de Microsoft y marcadores ópticos, y atributos del movimiento generados con el marco de Frenet Serret, evaluando su capacidad discriminante con los algoritmos máquinas de soporte vectorial, redes neuronales y k vecinos más cercanos. Los resultados presentan porcentajes de acierto del 93.5% en la clasificación con datos obtenidos del Kinect, y un éxito del 100% para los movimientos con marcadores ópticos.

Classify human movement has become a technological necessity, where defining the position of a subject requires identifying the trajectory of the limbs and trunk of the body, having the ability to differentiate this position from other subjects or movements, which generates the need to have data and algorithms that help their classification. Therefore, the discriminant capacity of motion capture data in physical rehabilitation is evaluated, where the position of the subjects is acquired with the Microsoft Kinect and optical markers. Attributes of the movement generated with the Frenet Serret framework. Evaluating their discriminant capacity by means of support vector machines, neural networks, and k nearest neighbors algorithms. The obtained results present an accuracy of 93.5% in the classification with data obtained from the Kinect, and success of 100% for movements where the position is defined with optical markers.
Uso de ladrillos triturados en concreto: una revisión literaria
Authors: Muñoz-Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Mimbela-Orderique Felipe , Rodriguez-Lafitte Ernesto Dante
Published: November 2021

El ladrillos es uno de los materiales mas requeridos para la construcción de viviendas, los cuales debido a un exceso de compra, o por rotura mediante traslado no se utilizan totalmente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo lograr una revisión sistematica sobre el uso de ladrillos triturados en el concreto, con el fin de sintetizar los resultados obtenidos y discutir la posibilidad de poder utilizar en las diferentes áreas de la construcción este material reciclado. Se hizo una revisión de 50 articulos indexados entre los años 2015 al 2021, distribuido de la siguiente manera: 40 articulos son de Scopus y 10 de Sciencedirect, de los cuales muestran como influye el ladrillo triturado en las propiedades del concreto. La revisión de los resultados constataron que  los agregados de ladrillos reciclados (RBA) generan una deficiencia en resistencia a la compresión y una mayor porosidad a diferencia del agregado natural (NA).
LIMITS OF FACT-FINDING IN THE NOTARY ACTIONS VS QUESTIONS FOR EXPERTS
Authors: Karpusheva Varvara N.
Published: November 2021

The article considers notary as a subject appointment of examination and sending documents for examination. The gaps in legislation regulating this issue are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to expanding the possibility of using the institution of notaries reduce the backlog of cases in courts. Comparative and logical research methods are used. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the current legislation. The chosen topic has not previously been the subject of research.
THE USE OF THE RADAR CHART TO PRESENT THE RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE URBAN ASSESSMENT ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN
Authors: Podryadchikova Ekaterina D.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the possibility of using a radar chart to present the results of a comprehensive urban assessment. The factors for the favorable development of the city's territory, used for a comprehensive urban planning assessment, were selected on the basis of a unified socio-ecological and economic system. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the point-based assessment system, while a 10-point scale was set for all factors of a comprehensive urban planning assessment, and the parameter values were estimated. The approbation was carried out on the materials of nine planning districts of the city of Tyumen, conclusions were drawn and a characteristic of the level of favorable development of the city territory was given.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL LANDS’ ASSESSMENT
Authors: Shapovalov Dmitry A. , Komarov Stanislav I. , Zhdanova Ruslana V.
Published: November 2021

In the article, the authors give a brief excursion into the stages of cadastral valuation of agricultural land in Russia. Starting in 2017, a fundamentally new organization of the State Cadastral Assessment has been taking shape in the country, and the results obtained over the past 3 years make it possible to draw conclusions about the main problems of cadastral assessment at the present stage. The authors classify them into three groups and give a generalized description of each of them. In the conclusion, possible ways for the development of cadastral valuation in the near future are described, such as digitalization and automation of the process, taking into account the factors of agricultural sustainability, using assessment data when unused agricultural lands are involved in the economic turnover.
THE CONCEPT OF FORMING A UNIFIED GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Alenin Ilya E. , Dubrovsky Alexey V.
Published: November 2021

Rational use of natural resources is impossible without the use of a single geoinformation support. Such support is provided by geographic information systems (GIS) and BIM technologies. The article discusses the foreign experience of integrating GIS (ArcGIS) and BIM (Autodesk), as well as domestic experience in creating a BIM model of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The concept of the formation of a unified geoinformation support for the system of rational nature management in the framework of cross-border cooperation between Russia and the CIS countries is presented.
EXPERIENCE OF PERFORMANCE OF WORKS ON APPLICATION OF BIM TECHNOLOGIES AND SMART DESIGNING IN CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS
Authors: Nesipbaev Adil S.
Published: November 2021

World Progress requires being ready for global changes taking place in the world, it is necessary to deeply study new technologies, in particular, the introduction and use of BIM - technologies. The article discusses the issue of the introduction of BIM - technologies in the process of construction and operation of real estate and the active use of BIM - technologies in the infrastructure of the urban environment.
USING BIM AND POINT CLOUD IN DIGITAL AND OTHER FORMS OF ANASTYLOSIS
Authors: Fedorenko Artur D.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the study lies in the absence of a theoretically developed approach to a concrete understanding of the need for a deeper analysis of the work performed in relation to buildings from the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage (Historical and Cultural Monuments), the List of Unesco Architectural Heritage Sites and newly identified objects. In the last decade, interest in the architectural heritage in Europe and Russia has increased markedly, but the method of reflection remains reduced to the construction of visual images that mirror today's privileged norms of attitudes towards monuments, (for example, the exhibitions "RUIN LUST" in the British gallery Tate 2014 and "MODERNISM AS A RUIN. An Archeology of the Present” at the General Foundation, Vienna 2009), while theorization of modern approaches to global work with monuments is a rather rare phenomenon. [1] Lack of information in this area often entails irrational financial losses in attempts to preserve ruined objects that do not have a historically confirmed background, in the restoration of destroyed monuments by means of digital anastilosis and in rare adaptive and reconstruction works that go to great compromises.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING THE STATE OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE GEODETIC NETWORK POINTS
Authors: Kaverin Nikolai V. , Glyzin Pavel A.
Published: November 2021

The practical creation of a Unified Federal Geoinformation system (EFGIS) of the egrn in the Russian Federation is largely determined by the quality of the geodetic basis of the cadastre, information about which is necessary when performing cadastral works. Reference boundary networks (OMS) are an element of the geodetic basis and were created during various periods of development of the real estate cadastre. Over the past decades, their technical condition has not been evaluated, so it is necessary to monitor the MHI. Currently, there is no modern method for monitoring the state of points of reference boundary networks. This necessitates the development and testing of methods for monitoring the state of OMS points, as a special-purpose geodetic network. In addition, the absence or insufficiently complete list of regulatory requirements for the geodetic basis of the cadastre, causes the emergence of new, with the existing old registry errors that occur in the data of the EGRN.
Определение вертикального градиента силы тяжести на территорию Западной Сибири
Authors: Канушин Вадим Федорович , Ганагина Ирина Геннадьевна , Голдобин Денис Николаевич
Published: November 2021

Вертикальный градиент силы тяжести имеет большое практическое значение, его использование позволяет значительно расширить возможности по локализации и интерпретации гравитационных аномалий. Благодаря применению измеренного вертикального градиента силы тяжести на земной поверхности возможно повысить точность приведения к отсчетной поверхности измеренных значений ускорения силы тяжести, а также найти среднюю кривизну уровенной поверхности.

Для региональных исследований гравитационного поля предложено использовать определение вертикальной составляющей градиента силы тяжести с помощью разложения в ряд Фурье по системе сферических функций.

Приведены результаты вычисления вертикального градиента силы тяжести на территории Западной Сибири по гармоническим коэффициентам современной глобальной модели геопотенциала EIGEN-6C4. Приведены результаты сравнения вертикальных градиентов поля силы тяжести, вычисленными по гармоническим коэффициентам современных глобальных моделей геопотенциала, и с вертикальными градиентами, полученными из измерений высокоточными гравиметрами. Установлено, что отличия нормального значения от вычисленных вертикальных градиентов достигают 662,4 Э.
Мониторинг территорий с использованием спектральных индексов
Authors: Косолапов Владислав Александрович , Хлебникова Елена Павловна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются преимущества обработки данных дистанционного зондирования при мониторинге территорий с использованием спектральных индексов, а также описываются методы улучшения результатов при использовании урбанизированных спектральных индексов.
Проблемы геодезической основы кадастра
Authors: Костенко Елизавета Константиновна , Малыгина Олеся Игоревна
Published: November 2021

В условиях современных темпов развития государства, значительно увеличивается необходимость в получении достоверных и оперативных сведений, используемых в кадастровой деятельности. Единый государственный реестр недвижимости в настоящее время это сводный системный элемент данных о недвижимом имуществе, земельных участках, границах субъектов, муниципальных образований, населённых пунктах. Для реализации целей государственного кадастра необходимы сведения о местоположении границ участков, площади этих объектов. Приобретение тех или иных сведений не представляется возможным без проведения измерительных геодезических работ. В целях организации ведения единого государственного реестра недвижимости в кадастре используются определенные правила в отношении кадастровых округов и местных систем координат. Геодезической основой кадастра являются государственная геодезическая сеть и геодезические сети специального назначения. Данные правила позволяют получать точные данные об исследуемом объекте, сокращать количество ошибок в реестре и обеспечить оперативной информацией потребителя таких данных.
Исследование возможности использования программного продукта «Панорама – Редактор» при создании и обновлении цифровых топографических карт и планов на территорию Республики Казахстан
Authors: Епифанова Марина Сергеевна , Хлебникова Елена Павловна
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены функциональные особенности векторизатора «Панорама-редактор» с целью создания цифрового топографического плана масштаба 1:2 000, проанализированы возможности его использования на производстве в Республике Казахстан.
Правовые и технологические особенности реализации «дачной амнистии»
Authors: Шарапова Татьяна Николаевна , Митрофанова Наталья Олеговна , Норкин Владимир Игоревич
Published: November 2021

Актуальность данной темы обусловлена активной реализацией граждан возможности упрощенного порядка кадастрового учета и регистрации прав на отдельные виды объектов недвижимости. Данный порядок имеет свои отличительные особенности от стандартной процедуры и оснований для кадастрового учета и регистрации прав.

В данной работе описывается процедура упрощенного порядка государственного кадастрового учета и государственной регистрации прав граждан на объекты недвижимости в рамках «дачной амнистии», существующие проблемы и результаты реализации «дачной амнистии».
Риски и причины развития аварийных ситуаций на магистральных трубопроводах
Authors: Еськов Даниил Юрьевич , Шляхова Мария Михайловна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены проблемы современных систем магистральных трубопроводов. Дано описание линейной части нефтепроводов. Приведены основные причины возникновения аварийных ситуаций. Описаны сценарии развития происшествий и их последствия. Приведены статистические данные аварийных ситуаций с летальным исходом. Представлены факторы, влияющие на частоту возникновения инцидентов аварий. Предложены рекомендации по минимизации вреда при возникновении аварийных ситуаций, включающие в себя стандартные мероприятия и мероприятия с применением средств дистанционного зондирования.
Анализ результатов реализации программы реновации на территории города Москвы
Authors: Иванова Татьяна Викторовна , Дубровский Алексей Викторович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются примеры покупки квартир, которые попали под программу реновации, по завышенной стоимости, а стоимость резко возросла до 50 %. Также рассматриваются преимущества и риски приобретения квартир. В первую очередь это выгодно самому сильному участнику всего процесса – инвесторам. Будущие проблемы игнорируются, и покупатели вынуждены покупать недвижимость, которая строится для них.
К вопросу применения BIM-технологии для создания библиотеки 3D-объектов культурно-исторического наследия
Authors: Иванова Татьяна Викторовна , Малиновский Максим Александрович
Published: November 2021

Когда здание больше не существует и его место используется по другому назначению, то физическая реконструкция больше не имеет смысла. Однако виртуальная реконструкция может помочь вернуть жизнь зданию. В статье рассмотрена цифровая реконструкция кинотеатра «Металлист» в Новосибирске, построенный в 1934 году, практически разрушенное в результате ряда нормативно-правовых коллизий.
Анализ обеспеченности города Новосибирска озелененными территориями общего пользования
Authors: Калинченко Людмила Владимировна , Ершов Анатолий Викторович
Published: November 2021

В статье описан алгоритм анализа обеспеченности города Новосибирск озелененными территориями общего пользования с помощью программного комплекса MapInfo. На примере двух районов проведен полный анализ по количеству рекреационных зон города Новосибирск и было выявлено, что общий показатель города еще не означает, что во всех районах соблюдена норма по общей площади озеленения.
The Riemann Hypothesis is most likely true
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: November 2021

The Riemann hypothesis has been considered the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. The David Hilbert's list of 23 unsolved problems contains the Riemann hypothesis. Besides, it is one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems. The Robin criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n)< e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all natural numbers $n> 5040$, where $\sigma(x)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\prod_{q \leq q_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} > e^{\gamma} \times \log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}> 2$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function. Using both inequalities, we show that the Riemann hypothesis is most likely true.
TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Cooksley Clare , Suzuki Takayoshi , Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Nakazono Akira , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Akihiro , Vreugde Sarah
Published: November 2021

The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.
Injectable Hydrogel for Synergetic Low Dose Radiotherapy, Chemodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chen Mingzhu , Wang Ziqi , Suo Weilong , Bao Zhirong , Quan Hong
Published: November 2021

Higher doses of radiotherapy (RT) are associated with resistance induction, therefore highly selective and controllable radiosensitizers are urgently needed. To address this issue, we developed a FeGA-based injectable hydrogel system (FH) that can be used in combination with low-dose radiation. Our FH can deliver FeGA directly to the tumor site via intratumoral injection, where it is a reservoir-based system to conserve FeGA. The photothermal properties of FeGA steadily dissolve FH under laser irradiation, and, simultaneously, FeGA reacts with a large amount of H2O2 in the cell to produce OH (Fenton reaction) which is highly toxic to mitochondria, rendering the cell inactive and reducing radiotherapy resistance. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that combining the FH and NIR irradiation with RT (2Gy) can significantly reduce tumor proliferation without side effects such as inflammation. To conclude, this is the first study to achieve combined chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in situ treatment, and the best therapeutic effect can be obtained with a low-dose radiation combination, thus expanding the prospects of FeGA-based tumor therapy.
Strategies to Modulate the Redifferentiation of Chondrocytes
Authors: Hu Xiaoshen , Zhang Weiyang , Li Xiang , Zhong Dongling , Li Yuxi , Li Juan , Jin Rongjiang
Published: November 2021

Because of the low self-healing capacity of articular cartilage, cartilage injuries and degenerations triggered by various diseases are almost irreversible. Previous studies have suggested that human chondrocytes cultured in vitro tend to dedifferentiate during the cell-amplification phase and lose the physiological properties and functions of the cartilage itself, which is currently a critical limitation in the cultivation of cartilage for tissue engineering. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the modulation of chondrocyte redifferentiation. Researchers discovered the effect of various conditions (extracellular environment, cell sources, growth factors and redifferentiation inducers, and gene silencing and overexpression) on the redifferentiation of chondrocytes during the in vitro expansion of cells, and obtained cartilage tissue cultured in vitro that exhibited physiological characteristics and functions that were similar to those of human cartilage tissue. Encouragingly, several studies reported positive results regarding the modulation of the redifferentiation of chondrocytes in specific conditions. Here, the various factors and conditions that modulate the redifferentiation of chondrocytes, as well as their limitations and potential applications and challenges are reviewed. We expect to inspire research in the field of cartilage repair toward the future treatment of arthropathy.
A Fast, Visual, and Instrument-free Platform Involving Rapid DNA Extraction, Chemical Heating, and Recombinase Aided Amplification for On-Site Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Wang Xiao Fu , Chen Wen Qiang , Guo Jian Li , Peng Cheng , Chen Xiao Yun , Xu Xiao Li , Wei Wei , Yang Lei , Ca Jian , Xu Jun Feng
Published: November 2021

The nucleic acid-based technique has been widely utilized in many fields including for on-site detection. However, traditional molecular detection techniques encounter limitations like relying on instruments, time consuming or complex operation, and cannot meet the demands of on-site testing. In this study, a rapid DNA extraction method (RDEM), recombinase aided amplification (RAA), and chemical heating packet (CHP) are integrated and termed as RRC platform for on-site detection of nucleic acid. For demonstration purposes, SHZD32-1 (a new transgenic soybean line from China) was detected using the novel platform to demonstrate its feasibility and capability for on-site detection. Using the RDEM, high-quality DNA appropriate for molecular detection was quickly extracted in 3–5 min. The heat energy generated by CHP was met the temperature requirements of RAA. Using the RRC platform, the whole detection process can be accomplished within only 30 min, and the results can be visually detected with glasses under blue light. No special or expensive instrument was needed for the detection process. This study provides a novel approach for on-site detection of nucleic acids besides providing valuable insight on related future research.
Multiple Connection Pattern Combination From Single-Mode Data for Mild Cognitive Impairment Identification
Authors: Li Weikai , Xu Xiaowen , Wang Zhengxia , Peng Liling , Wang Peijun , Gao Xin
Published: November 2021

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is generally considered to be a key indicator for predicting the early progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, the brain connection (BC) estimated by fMRI data has been validated to be an effective diagnostic biomarker for MCI. Existing studies mainly focused on the single connection pattern for the neuro-disease diagnosis. Thus, such approaches are commonly insufficient to reveal the underlying changes between groups of MCI patients and normal controls (NCs), thereby limiting their performance. In this context, the information associated with multiple patterns (e.g., functional connectivity or effective connectivity) from single-mode data are considered for the MCI diagnosis. In this paper, we provide a novel multiple connection pattern combination (MCPC) approach to combine different patterns based on the kernel combination trick to identify MCI from NCs. In particular, sixty-three MCI cases and sixty-four NC cases from the ADNI dataset are conducted for the validation of the proposed MCPC method. The proposed method achieves 87.40% classification accuracy and significantly outperforms methods that use a single pattern.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis as the Leading Clinical Type of Mucormycosis in Western China
Authors: Qu Junyan , Liu Xijiao , Lv Xiaoju
Published: November 2021

The aim was to better understand the clinical characteristics of patients with mucormycosis in western China. We retrospectively investigated the clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment profiles of mucormycosis patients during a 10-year period (2010–2019). As a result, 59 proven mucormycosis were enrolled in this study. It was found that 52.5% of patients had worse clinical outcomes. Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) was the most common clinical manifestation. The most frequent risk factor was diabetes mellitus (38, 64.4%) for mucormycosis patients. Cough (43, 93.5%), fever (24, 52.2%) and hemoptysis/bloody phlegm (21, 45.7%) were the most common manifestations of PM. There were no differences in clinical manifestations, risk factors and laboratory tests between different clinical outcome groups (P>0.05). Lymph node enlargement (30, 65.2%), patchy shadows (28, 60.9%), cavitation (25, 53.3%) and bilateral lobe involvement (39, 84.8%) were the most common on chest CT. Nodule was more common in good outcome group (P <0.05). A total of 48 cases (81.4%) were confirmed by histopathological examination, 22 cases (37.3%) were confirmed by direct microscopy. PM patients were treated with amphotericin B/amphotericin B liposome or posaconazale had better clinical outcomes (P <0.05). In conclusion, PM was the most common clinical type of mucormycosis in China. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor. PM has diverse imaging manifestations and was prone to bilateral lobes involvement. Early diagnosis and effective anti-mucor treatment contribute to successful treatment.
Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zheng Nengneng , Guo Renyong , Wang Jinxi , Zhou Wei , Ling Zongxin
Published: November 2021

Lactobacillus iners, first described in 1999, is a prevalent bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome. As L. iners does not easily grow on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, but can grow anaerobically on blood agar, it has been initially overlooked by traditional culture methods. It was not until the wide application of molecular biology techniques that the function of L. iners in the vaginal microbiome was carefully explored. L. iners has the smallest genome among known Lactobacilli and it has many probiotic characteristics, but is partly different from other major vaginal Lactobacillus species, such as L. crispatus, in contributing to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiome. It is not only commonly present in the healthy vagina but quite often recovered in high numbers in bacterial vaginosis (BV). Increasing evidence suggests that L. iners is a transitional species that colonizes after the vaginal environment is disturbed and offers overall less protection against vaginal dysbiosis and, subsequently, leads to BV, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, under certain conditions, L. iners is a genuine vaginal symbiont, but it also seems to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of this intriguing species in vaginal health and diseases.
Socioeconomic Status as a Multidimensional Predictor of Student Achievement in 77 Societies
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Lindvall Jannika , Helenius Ola , Ryve Andreas
Published: November 2021

We reassess the relation between students’ socioeconomic status (SES) and their achievement by treating SES as multidimensional instead of unidimensional. We use data from almost 600,000 students in 77 countries participating in the 2018 PISA assessment of student achievement in math, science, and reading. The composite measure of SES that PISA uses can be broken down into six component variables that we here use as simultaneous predictors of achievement. This analysis yields several new insights. First, in the typical society, two predictors (books at home and parents’ highest occupational status) clearly outperform the rest. Second, a new composite measure based only on these two components often reveals substantially larger achievement gaps than those reported by PISA. Third, the analysis revealed remarkable differences between societies in the relation between achievement and wealth possessions. In most societies, the independent effect of wealth possessions on student achievement was zero or even slightly negative—but in the least developed societies it was strongly positive. These findings have implications for how SES achievement gaps should be measured and interpreted.
Nature-based Solutions in Bangladesh: Evidence of Effectiveness for Addressing Climate Change and Other Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Smith A. C. , Tasnim T. , Irfanullah H. Md. , Turner B. , Chausson A. , Seddon N.
Published: November 2021

Many lower-income countries are highly vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters and climate change, due to their geographical location and high levels of poverty. In response, they are developing climate action plans that also support their sustainable development goals, but conventional adaptation approaches such as hard flood defenses can be expensive and unsustainable. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could provide cost-effective options to address these challenges but policymakers lack evidence on their effectiveness. To address this knowledge gap, we focused on Bangladesh, which is exceptionally vulnerable to cyclones, relative sea-level rise, saline intrusion, floods, landslides, heat waves and droughts, exacerbated by environmental degradation. NbS have been implemented in Bangladesh, but there is no synthesis of the outcomes in a form accessible to policymakers. We therefore conducted a systematic review on the effectiveness of NbS for addressing climate and natural hazards, and the outcomes for other sustainable development goals. Research encompasses protection, restoration and participatory management of mangroves, terrestrial forests and wetlands, as well as conservation agriculture and agro-forestry, but there is an evidence gap for urban green infrastructure. There is robust evidence that, if well-designed, these NbS can be effective in reducing exposure to natural disasters, adapting to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions while empowering marginalized groups, reducing poverty, supporting local economies and enhancing biodiversity. However, we found short-term trade-offs with local needs, e.g. through over-harvesting and conversion of ecosystems to aquaculture or agriculture. To maximize NbS benefits while managing trade-offs, we identified four enabling factors: support for NbS in government policies; participatory delivery involving all stakeholders; strong and transparent governance; and provision of secure finance and land tenure, in line with international guidelines. More systematic monitoring of NbS project outcomes is also needed. Bangladesh has an opportunity to lead the way in showing how high quality NbS can be deployed at landscape scale to tackle sustainable development challenges in low to middle income countries, supporting a Green Economic Recovery. Our evidence base highlights the value of protecting irreplaceable natural assets such as mangroves, terrestrial forests and wetlands, and the non-market benefits they deliver, in national planning policies.
Genetic Analysis for Coronary Artery Disease Toward Diverse Populations
Authors: Miyazawa Kazuo , Ito Kaoru
Published: November 2021

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and as such, it is one of the diseases for which genetic analyses have been actively conducted. In the early days, analyses of families with the aggregation of early-onset myocardial infarction, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia, was the main focus, but since the practical application of genome-wide association study, the analysis of coronary artery disease as a common disease has progressed, and many disease-susceptibility loci have been identified. In addition, with the advancement of technologies, it has become possible to identify relatively rare genetic variants in a population-based analysis. These advances have not only revealed the detailed disease mechanisms but have also enabled the quantification of individual genetic risk and the development of new therapeutic agents. In this paper, some of those items, which are important to know in the current genetic analyses for coronary artery disease, are discussed.
Microbial Flora Changes in Cesarean Section Uterus and Its Possible Correlation With Inflammation
Authors: Yang Xing , Pan Xinyi , Cai Meihong , Zhang Bolun , Liang Xiaoyan , Liu Guihua
Published: November 2021

Background: It has not been fully elucidated whether the change of the uterus flora is correlated to impaired fecundity. This case-control study aimed to analyze the differences in uterus microbial flora between women with post-cesarean section (CS) scar diverticulum (PCSD) (CS group) and women after vaginal delivery (control group), exploring the correlation between differentially expressed microbial flora and inflammation.

Methods: Infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy were enrolled in this case-control study. The swab samples were classified into four subgroups: CS cervix group, CS endometrium group, control cervix group, and control endometrium group. The total DNA obtained from 16 women (a total of 31 samples, the cervix or endometrium) was extracted for 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) analysis. The Luminex platform was used to detect the abundance of 34 kinds of local inflammatory cytokines in 32 endometrium samples, and the correlation between microbial flora and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed.

Results: The alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that the microbial diversity was higher in the CS group compared to the control group, especially in endometrium tissues. The heatmaps revealed that the microbial flora structure differs at each level of the phylum-class-order-family-genus among the groups. The analysis of four of the most prominently changed microbial flora revealed that Lactobacillus in the cervix was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the cesarean section group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Proteobacteria and Neisseriaceae had a higher abundance in the CS groups, especially in the cervical tissue (P < 0.05), while Staphylococcaceae increased only in the CS endometrium tissue (P < 0.05). Next, these women were re-divided into the high- and low-Staphylococcaceae, and the abundance of 34 kinds of local inflammation cytokines was compared between groups. It was found that there was a positive correlation between Staphylococcaceae and IL-2, and a negative correlation between Staphylococcaceae and IL-8 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The present results suggest that the disrupted uterus microbiota composition in women with CS may be closely associated with local inflammation. The interplay between the microbiota and the immune system may be linked to clinical disorders. The potential mechanisms require further exploration.
Identification TRIM46 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Through Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analyses
Authors: Ren Xiang-bin , Zhao Jing , Liang Xue-feng , Guo Xu-dong , Jiang Shao-bo , Xiang Yu-zhu
Published: November 2021

Background: Tripartite motif containing 46 was initially identified as the oncogene in several human tumors. However, the clinical value and potential functions of tripartite motif containing 46 (TRIM46) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remained largely unclear.

Methods: The expressing patterns, clinical involvement, and prognostic values of TRIM46 were analyzed using the data obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. A nomogram was constructed to examine the outcome of patients with ccRCC. We estimated the association between TRIM46 with tumor immunity in ccRCC.

Results: Tripartite motif containing 46 was highly expressed in ccRCC, and its upregulation revealed an unfavorable prognosis. A nomogram based on TRIM46 expressions and other independent prognostic factors could robustly predict the overall survival of tumor patients. TRIM46 has a strong positive correlation with NUMBL, CACNB1, THBS3, ROBO3, MAP3K12, ANKRD13D, PIF1, PRELID3A, ANKRD13B, and PCNX2. Mechanically, TRIM46 displayed regulatory functions in ccRCC progression via several tumor-associated pathways. Besides, we observed that TRIM46 was distinctly related to tumor immunity in ccRCC.

Conclusions: Our findings provide a novel tumor promotive role regarding TRIM46 function in the malignant progression of ccRCC.