bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Infusa Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd)
Authors: Hakim Ali Rakhman , Savitri Amanda Shelvia , Saputri Rina
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burn. F) Bedd.) adalah tumbuhan yang berasal Kalimantan yang tumbuh di tanah Gambut.

Tujuan: mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari daun kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F) Bedd.) yang dibuat infusa.

Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan metode penelitian post test only control group design. Kelakai dibuat infusa kemudian diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH.

Hasil: Infusa kelakai positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Infusa kelakai memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat kuat pada konsentrasi 20 ppm dengan nilai absorbansi 0,072 serta aktivitas antioksidannya 86,90%. infusa kelakai memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 6,4035 ppm.

Simpulan: infusa kelakai positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan memiliki kemampuan antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 6,4035 ppm.

 

Kata Kunci: antioksidan, flavonoid, infusa, kelakai
Analisis Kadar Surfaktan Anionik Pada Air Sungai Martapura Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Visible
Authors: Razmi Razmi , Alawiyah Tuti , Yuliana Fitri
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang : Surfaktan anionik berasal dari deterjen yang digunakan untuk mencuci pakaian di industri laundry. Hasil dari cucian menimbulkan dampak negatif yang menyebabkan adanya cemaran limbah di perairan sungai Martapura.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini untuk melihat kadar surfaktan anionik serta membandingkan dengan literature dan melihat pengaruh pada jarak 100 meter, 200 meter dan 300 meter dari Industri laundry.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan yaitu limbah laundry di air Sungai Martapura diukur menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Visible.

Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar surfaktan anionik yang melebihi ambang batas yaitu pada jarak 100 meter sebesar 3,4 mg/l, jarak 200 meter sebesar 2,4 mg/l dan jarak 300 meter sebesar 1,6 mg/l sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No 82 tahun 2001 sebesar 0,2 mg/l. Terdapat pengaruh pada jarak 100 meter, 200 meter dan 300 meter dikarenakan semakin jauh jarak dari industri laundry maka akan semakin kecil konsentrasi yang didapat.

Kesimpulan : Dari penelitian ini didapatkan nilai kadar surfaktan anionik dan adanya pengaruh pada jarak yang telah ditentukan.

 

Kata Kunci : Kadar surfaktan anionik, Spektrofotometri Visible.
Analisis Pembelian Obat Herbal Terhadap ATP (Ability to Pay) Pembiayaan Secara Mandiri di Masyarakat Wilayah Banjarmasin Utara
Authors: Abrar Bai , Melviani Melviani , Irawan Angga
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang : Pembagian kelas ekonomi masyarakat yang terdiri dari kelas ekonomi atas, menengah dan bawah, hal itulah yang menjadi permasalahan dan faktor apakah yang menyebabkan itu terjadi. Dari observasi yang terlihat masyarakat hanya melakukan pembelian obat herbal jika dalam keadaan mendesak karena sakit bukan untuk jangka panjang seperti persediaan/cadangan.

Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran kemampuan pembelian obat herbal terhadap ATP (Ability To Pay)  pembiayaan secara mandiri di masyarakat Wilayah Banjarmasin Utara.

Metode : Penelitian menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pengambilan data secara confinien sampling dengan menggunakan google form di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara bulan Oktober-November 2020 berjumlah 30 sampel, diambil dengan teknik pengambilan random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan mendeskripsikan karakteristik setiap variabel menggunakan nilai rata-rata (mean), median dan standar deviasi, biasanya analisis ini hanya menghasilkan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase dari tiap variabel.

Hasil : Biaya membeli obat < Rp.250.000 dalam sebulan sebanyak 18 responden (60,0%) dan responden yang membeli obat > Rp.250.000 dalam sebulan sebanyak 12 responden (40,0%). Rerata kemampuan membeli obat herbal (ability to pay) responden sebesar Rp. 120.666 dengan kemampuan membeli obat (ability to pay) tertinggi Rp. 220.000 dan kemampuan membeli obat (ability to pay) terendah Rp.20.000. Adapun obat herbal yang sering dibeli masyarakat adalah Antangin Jrg (16,7%).

Simpulan : Sebagian besar masyarakat memiliki kemampuan membeli obat herbal (ability to pay) dalam kategori sedang yaitu (27,1%) dengan besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan masyarakat masih kurang Rp. < Rp.250.000. Sedangkan rata-rata masyarakat sering dalam membeli obat herbal Rp.171.833 dan rata-rata kemampuan masyarakat dalam membeli obat herbal Rp.120.666 sehingga rata-rata kemampuan membeli obat herbal (ability to pay) masyarakat dapat dikatakan cukup rendah jika dibandingkan dengan rata-rata pendapatan yaitu Rp. 2.720.000 dan rata-rata pengeluaran yaitu Rp. 1.530.000 pada masyarakat wilayah Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara Kota Banjarmasin.
Pengaruh Gaya Hidup Terhadap Penyakit Hipertensi Berdasarkan Teori TPB (Theory Of Planned Behavior)
Authors: Melviani Melviani , Aryzki Saftia , Rahman Agenia , Putri Gina Aima , Riadi Setia D. R.
Published: December 2022

Hipertensi secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai penyakit tekanan darah tinggi. Kondisi ini dapat mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi kesehatan yang membahayakan nyawa sekaligus meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung, stroke, bahkan kematian. Teori Perilaku Terencana atau TPB Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) merupakan salah satu teori yang telah banyak diterapkan diberbagai bidang penelitian perilaku. Metode penelitian yang menggunakan deskriptif analitik observasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 77 responden masyarakat di daerah Manarap Baru RT.03 Kabupaten Banjar dengan rentan usia 45-65 tahun. Data diambil menggunakan kuisioner dan di analisis univariat dengan software version. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan meliputi karakteristik responden dan data khusus meliputi pengetahuan, Attitude toward to Behavior (sikap) dengan 77 responden menyatakan bahwa mereka setuju gaya hidup sehat. 76 responden menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi adalah faktor pada usia lanjut. 74 responden menjawab bahwa hal yang mencegah seseorang terhindar dari menderita tekanan darah tinggi dengan tidak merokok, makan diet rendah garam. Subjective Norm (Norma Subjektif) 65 dari 77 responden setuju menyatakan bahwa menurut tetangga saya memakan daging tinggi lemak lebih dari tiga kali dalam seminggu dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah tinggi. 39 dari 77 responden menyatakan setuju bahwa menurut teman saya saat makan menambahkan kecap, garam tambahan dan saus saat makan meningkatkan tekanan darah. Perceived Behavioral Control (Kontrol Persepsi) Responden 70 menjawab kontrol perilaku responden yaitu baik 94,61%. Hasil nilai pengukuran yang dimiliki oleh responden sesuai dengan kuesioner berdasarkan Theory of Planned Behavior terkait kepatuhan serta penggunaan obat Hipertensi yang tepat meliputi pengetahuan dan sikap adalah baik sebanyak 74 orang (96,1%) dan cukup sebanyak 3 orang (3,9%).
Gambaran Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Setelah Melakukan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Banjarmasin Selatan
Authors: Kurniawati Darini , Yuwindry Iwan , Sariyasih Sariyasih
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang : Covid-19 menyerang saluran pernapasan yang muncul pertama kali pada bulan Desember 2019 di Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina. World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan sebagai pandemi global sejak 11 Maret 2020. Program vaksinasi covid-19 di Indonesia telah dimulai pada 13 Januari 2021. Vaskinasi covid-19 dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) yang dapat ditandai dengan gejala ringan hingga berat. Tujuan : Mengetahui bagaimana Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) pada masyarakat Banjarmasin selatan setelah melakukan vaksinasi Covid-19. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, penelitian ini hanya mendeskripsikan suatu objek penelitian, maka data penelitian yang diperoleh berupa angka akan dikualitatifkan sehingga hasil yang diperoleh dapat dideskriptifkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan algoritma naranjo yang dibagikan kepada masyarakat dan di input melalui Google Form. Hasil : Penelitian ini menunjukan sebanyak 37 responden dengan persentasi laki-laki 51% dan perempuan 49% diperoleh hasil skor 4-8 yaitu “kemungkinan Besar Terjasi ROM” yaitu dengan jumlah 13 responden, yang menggunakan vaksin sinovac pada 11 responden dan ada sebanyak 2 moderna responden.  kemudian dengan skor 1-3 yaitu “Kemungkinan terjadi ROM” dengan jumlah 23 responden yang menggunakan vaksin sinovac. Kemudian dengan skor 0 yaitu “diragukan terjadi ROM” ada sebanyak 1 responden denan vaksin sinovac. Dari kedua vaksin tersebut yaitu pada vaksin Sinovac memiliki efektivitas sebesar 56-65% sedangkan Vaksin Moderna memiliki efektivitas 94,1%. Adapun efek samping umum pada vaksin sinovac seperti nyeri suntikan, demam, kelelahan, sedangkan efek samping pada vaksin moderna paling umum terjadi adalah demam, nyeri pada suntikan, sakit kepala, dan mual. Simpulan : Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) responden yang melakukan vaksinasi covid-19 sebanyak 23 reponden kategori Possible, 13  responden kategori Probable, dan 1 responden kategori Doubtful.
Determination Of Total Flavonoid Content And Total Phenolic Content Of Pitanak Fruit Skin Extracts (Nephelium sp.)
Authors: Saputri Rina , Hakim Ali Rakhman
Published: December 2022

The search for the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compounds from plants is still being carried out. This is done because flavonoid and phenolic compounds have high potential as antioxidants. Pitanak fruit is a native fruit of Kalimantan and currently there is no research report on the content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content and total phenolic content of the pitanak fruit peel extract. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive observational design. The assay used the uv-vis spectrophotometer method. The secondary metabolite compounds contained in the pitanak fruit peel extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics. Total flavonoid content is 33,183 ppm and total phenolic content is 126,88 ppm. The conclusion of this research is that the pitanak fruit peel extract has total flavonoid and phenolic levels which can be optimized as a source of medicinal raw materials.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Jenis Pelarut Terhadap Kadar Fenolik Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)
Authors: Listiawati Maria Dwi Ayu , Nastiti Kunti , Audina Mia
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dimanfaatkan sebagai obat antikanker oleh masyarakat karena daun sirsak memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang tinggi yang mempunyai aktivitas antoksidan yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas penyebab kanker. Senyawa fenolik memiliki sifat yang polar sehingga untuk memperoleh senyawa ini digunakan pelarut polar yang sama yakni etanol 70%, etanol 96% dan Metanol dimana penggunaan jenis pelarut yang berbeda akan mempengaruhi kadar fenolik yang dihasilkan.

Tujuan: Mengetahui berapakah kadar dan pengaruh perbedaan kadar fenolik daun sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) berdasarkan perbedaan jenis pelarut polar.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan acak random dengan melakukan metode ekstraksi maserasi lalu dilakukan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk diidentifikasi senyawa fenolik. Kemudian penentuan Kadar fenolik total menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis.

Hasil: Pengaruh perbedaan jenis pelarut dari kadar fenolik dengan uji parametrik One Way Annova. Kadar fenolik total daun sirsak  ekstrak Etanol 70%, Etanol 96% dan Metanol  yang diperoleh adalah 5,753 mg GAE/g, 4,022 mg GAE/g dan 7,179 mg GAE/g.

Kesimpulan: Perbedaan Jenis pelarut berpengaruh signifikan 0,000 (p<0,05) terhadap kadar fenolik ekstrak daun sirsak.Hasil penelitian disimpulkan metanol efektif menyari senyawa fenolik dibandingkan etanol 70% dan etanol 96%.
A carnavalização como “inventio”: um estudo de caso no contexto da pesquisa artística
Authors: Poster de Ávila Alvanir , Fiaminghi Luiz Henrique
Published: December 2022

Este texto aborda a carnavalização como maneira de elaboração poética na invenção e composição de obras musicais. Tanto na invenção harmônica, melódica, rítmica, texturais, timbrísticas ou de letras, quanto no desenvolvimento e enfrentamento da pesquisa artística.
Debatendo as permanências do modernismo musical nacionalista no século XX
Authors: Higino Wesley , Rauta Marcelo
Published: December 2022

Discute-se a permanência dos debates realizados sobre o modernismo brasileiro ao longo do século XX a partir de uma análise dos discursos de engajamento estético e político propostos por Mário de Andrade, das ações institucionais oficiais que privilegiaram as produções dessa corrente estética em suas políticas culturais, educacionais e diplomáticas, bem como das ações de intérpretes e compositores na defesa do nacionalismo musical. Conclui que, para entender tal permanência, é necessário refletir sobre o papel que as instituições historicamente desempenharam, e que a análise da ação de outros agentes, como intérpretes, pode revelar aspectos ainda não explorados no estudo do modernismo.
Machine learning methods for protein-protein binding affinity prediction in protein design
Authors: Guo Zhongliang , Yamaguchi Rui
Published: December 2022

Protein-protein interactions govern a wide range of biological activity. A proper estimation of the protein-protein binding affinity is vital to design proteins with high specificity and binding affinity toward a target protein, which has a variety of applications including antibody design in immunotherapy, enzyme engineering for reaction optimization, and construction of biosensors. However, experimental and theoretical modelling methods are time-consuming, hinder the exploration of the entire protein space, and deter the identification of optimal proteins that meet the requirements of practical applications. In recent years, the rapid development in machine learning methods for protein-protein binding affinity prediction has revealed the potential of a paradigm shift in protein design. Here, we review the prediction methods and associated datasets and discuss the requirements and construction methods of binding affinity prediction models for protein design.
Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms
Authors: Morales Ingrid Anaya , Boghdady Christina-Marie , Campbell Benjamin E. , Moraes Christopher
Published: December 2022

Organs-on-a-chip have emerged as next-generation tissue engineered models to accurately capture realistic human tissue behaviour, thereby addressing many of the challenges associated with using animal models in research. Mechanical features of the culture environment have emerged as being critically important in designing organs-on-a-chip, as they play important roles in both stimulating realistic tissue formation and function, as well as capturing integrative elements of homeostasis, tissue function, and tissue degeneration in response to external insult and injury. Despite the demonstrated impact of incorporating mechanical cues in these models, strategies to measure these mechanical tissue features in microfluidically-compatible formats directly on-chip are relatively limited. In this review, we first describe general microfluidically-compatible Organs-on-a-chip sensing strategies, and categorize these advances based on the specific advantages of incorporating them on-chip. We then consider foundational and recent advances in mechanical analysis techniques spanning cellular to tissue length scales; and discuss their integration into Organs-on-a-chips for more effective drug screening, disease modeling, and characterization of biological dynamics.
The therapeutic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries: Focusing on the molecular mechanism
Authors: Qin Haocheng , Du Liang , Luo Zhiwen , He Zhong , Wang Qing , Chen Shiyi , Zhu Yu-Lian
Published: December 2022

Musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries are very common and usually occur during both sporting and everyday activities. The intervention of adjuvant therapies to promote tissue regeneration is of great importance to improving people’s quality of life and extending their productive lives. Though many studies have focused on the positive results and effectiveness of the LIPUS on soft tissue, the molecular mechanisms standing behind LIPUS effects are much less explored and reported, especially the intracellular signaling pathways. We incorporated all research on LIPUS in soft tissue diseases since 2005 and summarized studies that uncovered the intracellular molecular mechanism. This review will also provide the latest evidence-based research progress in this field and suggest research directions for future experiments.
Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products
Authors: Martinez-Vaz Betsy M. , Dodge Anthony G. , Lucero Rachael M. , Stockbridge Randy B. , Robinson Ashley A. , Tassoulas Lambros J. , Wackett Lawrence P.
Published: December 2022

Metformin is used globally to treat type II diabetes, has demonstrated anti-ageing and COVID mitigation effects and is a major anthropogenic pollutant to be bioremediated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Metformin is not adsorbed well by activated carbon and toxic N-chloro derivatives can form in chlorinated water. Most earlier studies on metformin biodegradation have used wastewater consortia and details of the genomes, relevant genes, metabolic products, and potential for horizontal gene transfer are lacking. Here, two metformin-biodegrading bacteria from a WWTP were isolated and their biodegradation characterized. Aminobacter sp. MET metabolized metformin stoichiometrically to guanylurea, an intermediate known to accumulate in some environments including WWTPs. Pseudomonasmendocina MET completely metabolized metformin and utilized all the nitrogen atoms for growth. Pseudomonas mendocina MET also metabolized metformin breakdown products sometimes observed in WWTPs: 1-N-methylbiguanide, biguanide, guanylurea, and guanidine. The genome of each bacterium was obtained. Genes involved in the transport of guanylurea in Aminobacter sp. MET were expressed heterologously and shown to serve as an antiporter to expel the toxic guanidinium compound. A novel guanylurea hydrolase enzyme was identified in Pseudomonas mendocina MET, purified, and characterized. The Aminobacter and Pseudomonas each contained one plasmid of 160 kb and 90 kb, respectively. In total, these studies are significant for the bioremediation of a major pollutant in WWTPs today.
Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of ischemic stroke
Authors: Jin Meiqi , Zhang Shuxia , Wang Mengchen , Li Qiaoyu , Ren Jiahui , Luo Yun , Sun Xiaobo
Published: December 2022

Ischemic stroke is one of the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop early brain tissue perfusion therapies following acute stroke and to enhance functional recovery in stroke survivors. The morbidity, therapy, and recovery processes are highly orchestrated interactions involving the brain with other tissues. Exosomes are natural and ideal mediators of intercellular information transfer and recognized as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Changes in exosome contents express throughout the physiological process. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the use of exosomes in exploring unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication and organ homeostasis and indicates their potential role in ischemic stroke. Inspired by the unique properties of exosomes, this review focuses on the communication, diagnosis, and therapeutic role of various derived exosomes, and their development and challenges for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
Sustained therapeutic effect of an anti-inflammatory peptide encapsulated in nanoparticles on ocular vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Qu Qiang , Park Kyoungmin , Zhou Kevin , Wassel Drew , Farjo Rafal , Criswell Tracy , Ma Jian-xing , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: December 2022

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an endogenous Wnt signaling inhibitor in the serine proteinase inhibitors (SERPIN) super family, is present in multiple organs, including the vitreous. Significantly low levels of PEDF in the vitreous are found to associate with pathological retinal vascular leakage and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Intravitreal delivery of PEDF represents a promising therapeutic approach for DR. However, PEDF has a short half-life after intravitreal injection, which represents a major hurdle for the long-term treatment. Here we report the prolonged therapeutic effects of a 34-mer peptide of the PEDF N-terminus, encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PEDF34-NP), on DR. PEDF34-NP inhibited hypoxia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cultured retinal cells. In addition, PEDF34-NP significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy rat model, and significantly reduced retinal vascular leakage and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats up to 4 weeks after intravitreal injection, as compared to PLGA-NP control. Intravitreal injection of PEDF34-NP did not display any detectable toxicities to retinal structure and function. Our findings suggest that PEDF34-NP can confer sustained therapeutic effects on retinal inflammation and vascular leakage, having considerable potential to provide long-term treatment options for DR.
Mapping of Tilapia Lake Virus entry pathways with inhibitors reveals dependence on dynamin activity and cholesterol but not endosomal acidification
Authors: Abu Rass Reem , Kembou-Ringert Japhette Esther , Zamostiano Rachel , Eldar Avi , Ehrlich Marcelo , Bacharach Eran
Published: December 2022

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus lethal to tilapia, which threatens the global tilapia aquaculture with severe implications for food security. TiLV possesses similar features to orthomyxoviruses but is classified in the sole and the monotypic genus Tilapinevirus of the family Amnoonviridae. TiLV enveloped virions encapsidate a genome comprising ten segments of single-stranded, negative RNA. Remarkably, nine of TiLV’s ten major proteins lack sequence homology to any known viral or cellular proteins. The mode of TiLV entry into tilapia cells is not known. Following the measurement of the entry window of TiLV (∼3 h), we applied a panel of inhibitors of known regulators of endocytic functions to map the molecular requirements for TiLV entry. We identified productive entry by quantification of TiLV nucleoprotein expression and the generation of infectious particles. Inhibition of dynamin activity with dynasore or dynole, or depletion of cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, strongly inhibited TiLV protein synthesis and infectious virion production. Moreover, inhibition of actin cytoskeleton polymerization with latrunculin A or microtubule polymerization with nocodazole within the entry window resulted in partial inhibition of TiLV infection. In contrast, inhibitors of endosomal acidification (NH4Cl, bafilomycin A1, or chloroquine), an inhibitor of clathrin-coated pit assembly (pitstop 2), and erlotinib—an inhibitor of the endocytic Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), did not affect TiLV entry. Altogether, these results suggest that TiLV enters via dynamin-mediated endocytosis in a cholesterol-, cytoskeleton-dependent manner, and clathrin-, pH-independent manner. Thus, despite being an orthomyxo-like virus, when compared to the prototypical orthomyxovirus (influenza A virus), TiLV shows a distinct set of requirements for entry into cells.
Distinguishing selection pressures in an evolving communication system: Evidence from color-naming in “cross signing”
Authors: Byun Kang-Suk , Roberts Seán G. , de Vos Connie , Zeshan Ulrike , Levinson Stephen C.
Published: December 2022

Cross-signing—the emergence of an interlanguage between users of different sign languages—offers a rare chance to examine the evolution of a natural communication system in real time. To provide an insight into this process, we analyse an annotated video corpus of 340 minutes of interaction between signers of different language backgrounds on their first meeting and after living with each other for several weeks. We focus on the evolution of shared color terms and examine the role of different selectional pressures, including frequency, content, coordination and interactional context. We show that attentional factors in interaction play a crucial role. This suggests that understanding meta-communication is critical for explaining the cultural evolution of linguistic systems.
Forecasting fund-related textual emotion trends on Weibo: A time series study
Authors: Luo Sha
Published: December 2022

Introduction

This paper reports a time series analysis of day-to-day emotional text related to fund investments on Weibo (Sina Corporation, Beijing, China).

Methods

The present study employed web-crawler and text mining techniques through Python to obtain data from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021.

Results

Using an auto-regressive integrated moving average model and vector auto-regressive model, the results indicated that fund performance was a significant predictor of fear, anger, and surprise expressions on Weibo. A relationship among emotions within a certain single fund was not found, but textual emotions could be predicted by ARIMA models within emotions.

Discussion

The findings provide insight for media emotion analysis combining linguistic and temporal dimensions in both the communication and psychology disciplines.
Left atrial shortening fraction to predict fetal cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Peng Yu-Qing , Qiu Xuan , Wang Li , Li Xin , Huo Xiao-Yan
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of left atrial shortening fraction (LASF) in the detection of fetal cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 256 pregnant women and divided them into GDM group (n = 156) and control group (n = 100). Fetal echocardiography was performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation to measure the LASF and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness. Based on IVS thickness, the GDM group was subdivided into the septal hypertrophy group (GDM I, n = 62) and non-septal hypertrophy group (GDM II, n = 94). LASF and IVS thickness were compared between the GDM and control groups and between GDM I and GDM II groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of LASF in predicting septal hypertrophy.

Results

The GDM group had a larger IVS thickness (P < 0.05) but a lower LASF level (P < 0.001) than those of the control group. GDM I group had significantly lower LASF level than that in the GDM II group (P < 0.001). At 38.41% as the cutoff value, the LASF can predict septal hypertrophy with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 96.7% and 65.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Fetal GDM are more likely to induce septal hypertrophy and ventricular dysfunction. LASF is a good indicator of septal hypertrophy or early diastolic dysfunction without septal hypertrophy.
Why are children absent from preschool? A nationally representative analysis of Head Start programs
Authors: Purtell Kelly M. , Ansari Arya
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Children who are absent from school, including preschool, do not make the same academic gains as their non-absent peers. However, we know little about what predicts absenteeism among preschool-attending children.

Methods

We used the Family and Child Experiences Study - 2009, a nationally representative sample of Head Start attendees (n = 2,842), to test the associations between a comprehensive set of child, family, and center factors, and children’s levels of absenteeism across the preschool year.

Results

Our findings highlight the multi-faceted nature of absenteeism. Family necessity, family routines, and center-level characteristics were all associated with absenteeism.

Discussion

Reducing preschool absenteeism requires a comprehensive approach as the factors that shape absences are varied. Our findings suggest that center-level strategies focused on outreach and classroom quality are important future directions.
Tachykinins, new players in the control of reproduction and food intake: A comparative review in mammals and teleosts
Authors: Campo Aurora , Dufour Sylvie , Rousseau Karine
Published: December 2022

In vertebrates, the tachykinin system includes tachykinin genes, which encode one or two peptides each, and tachykinin receptors. The complexity of this system is reinforced by the massive conservation of gene duplicates after the whole-genome duplication events that occurred in vertebrates and furthermore in teleosts. Added to this, the expression of the tachykinin system is more widespread than first thought, being found beyond the brain and gut. The discovery of the co-expression of neurokinin B, encoded by the tachykinin 3 gene, and kisspeptin/dynorphin in neurons involved in the generation of GnRH pulse, in mammals, put a spotlight on the tachykinin system in vertebrate reproductive physiology. As food intake and reproduction are linked processes, and considering that hypothalamic hormones classically involved in the control of reproduction are reported to regulate also appetite and energy homeostasis, it is of interest to look at the potential involvement of tachykinins in these two major physiological functions. The purpose of this review is thus to provide first a general overview of the tachykinin system in mammals and teleosts, before giving a state of the art on the different levels of action of tachykinins in the control of reproduction and food intake. This work has been conducted with a comparative point of view, highlighting the major similarities and differences of tachykinin systems and actions between mammals and teleosts.
The RANK/RANKL/OPG system and tumor bone metastasis: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liang Jingqi , Liu Peilong , Wang Qiong , Liu Liang , Zhao Hongmou
Published: December 2022

With the markedly increased diagnosis and incidence of cancer in the population, tumor bone metastasis has become a frequent event in tumor patients. Healthy bone integrity is maintained by a delicate balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Unfortunately, many tumors, such as prostate and breast, often metastasize to the bone, and the alterations to the bone homeostasis can particularly favor tumor homing and consequent osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are involved in the regulation of the activation, differentiation, and survival of osteoclasts, which play critical roles in bone metastasis formation. High rates of osteoclastic bone resorption significantly increase fracture risk, cause severe bone pain, and contribute to homing tumor cells in bone and bone marrow. Consequently, suppression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and osteoclastic activity can not only ameliorate bone resorption but may also prevent tumor bone metastases. This review summarizes the important role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and osteoclasts in bone homeostasis and its effect on tumor bone metastasis and discusses therapeutic strategies based on RANKL inhibition.
Diabetes health coach in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta analysis of quadruple aim outcomes
Authors: Racey Megan , Jovkovic Milos , Alliston Paige , Ali Muhammad Usman , Sherifali Diana
Published: December 2022

Background

As diabetes self-management necessitates life-long learning, behaviour change, support, and monitoring, health coaching is a promising intervention to assist individuals in more than just meeting glycemic goals and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) targets. Currently, studies of health coaching for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are limited due to their emphasis on glycemic control. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effects of health coaching on adults with T2DM based on quadruple aim outcomes and to assess the implementation of these interventions.

Methods

We searched 6 databases for randomized controlled trials of health coaching interventions delivered by a health professional for adults with T2DM. Reviewers screened citations, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE). We assessed statistical and methodological heterogeneity and performed a meta−analysis of studies.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of A1C [0.24 (95% CI, -0.38 to -0.09)] after exposure to diabetes health coaching, and small to trivial significant benefits for BMI, waist circumference, body weight, and depression/distress immediately post intervention based on moderate certainty of evidence. However, long term benefit of these clinical outcomes were not maintained at follow-up timepoints. There was a small significant benefit for systolic blood pressure which was maintained after the completion of health coaching exposure at follow-up, but there was no statistically significant benefit in other secondary outcomes such as diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile measures (e.g. triglycerides). Very few studies reported on other quadruple aim measures such as patient-reported outcomes, cost of care, and healthcare provider experience.

Conclusions

Our systematic review and meta-analysis shows that health coaching interventions can have short term impact beyond glucose control on cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes. Future studies should try to examine quadruple aim outcomes to better assess the benefit and impact of these interventions at longer time points and following termination of the coaching program.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022347478).
Mechanistic investigations of diabetic ocular surface diseases
Authors: Zhou Qingjun , Yang Lingling , Wang Qun , Li Ya , Wei Chao , Xie Lixin
Published: December 2022

With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may seriously affect the quality of life and even vision sight. The major diabetic ocular surface diseases include diabetic keratopathy and dry eye. Diabetic keratopathy is characterized with the delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, reduced corneal nerve density, decreased corneal sensation and feeling of burning or dryness. Diabetic dry eye is manifested as the reduction of tear secretion accompanied with the ocular discomfort. The early clinical symptoms include dry eye and corneal nerve degeneration, suggesting the early diagnosis should be focused on the examination of confocal microscopy and dry eye symptoms. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired neurotrophic innervations and limbal stem cell function, and dysregulated growth factor signaling, and inflammation alterations. Diabetic dry eye may be associated with the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of lacrimal gland caused by the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Considering the important roles of the dense innervations in the homeostatic maintenance of cornea and lacrimal gland, further studies on the neuroepithelial and neuroimmune interactions will reveal the predominant pathogenic mechanisms and develop the targeting intervention strategies of diabetic ocular surface complications.
Canagliflozin promotes osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 differentiation via AMPK/RUNX2 and improves bone microarchitecture in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Song Peiyang , Chen Tianyi , Rui Shunli , Duan Xiaodong , Deng Bo , Armstrong David G. , Ma Yu , Deng Wuquan
Published: December 2022

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone metabolic disorders and bone fracture due to disease progression and clinical treatment. The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, now greatly prescribed for the treatment of T2DM, on bone metabolism is not clear. This study aimed to explore the possible influence of bone metabolic disorder and the underlying mechanism through a comparison of three different SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) in the treatment of type 2 diabetic mice. For the in vivo experiments, four groups (DM, DM+Cana, DM+Dapa, and DM+Empa) were established using micro-CT to detect the bone microarchitecture and bone-related parameters. The study results indicated that canagliflozin, but not dapagliflozin or empagliflozin, increased bone mineral density (p<0.05) and improved bone microarchitecture in type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, canagliflozin promoted osteoblast differentiation at a concentration of 5 μM under high glucose concentration (HG). Phosphorylated adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α (Thr172) has been confirmed to activate run-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) to perform this function. This effect can be partially reversed by the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (compound C) and strengthened by the AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) in vitro. The level trend of RUNX2 and p-AMPK in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. This study suggested that canagliflozin played a beneficial role in bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice compared with dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. It provides some theoretical support for the chosen drugs, especially for patients with osteoporosis or a high risk of fracture.
Double-edged sword of diabetes mellitus for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Huang Zijia , Su Huiling , Zhang Tiejun , Li Yuwen
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proved to contribute to multiple comorbidities that are risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Remarkably, evidences from epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a negative association between the two disease states. On the other hand, hyperglycemic state was linked to post-operative morbidities following AAA repair. This review aims to provide a thorough picture on the double-edged nature of DM and major hypoglycemic medications on prevalence, growth rate and rupture of AAA, as well as DM-associated prognosis post AAA repair.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search in electronic databases to look for literatures demonstrating the association between DM and AAA. The primary focus of the literature search was on the impact of DM on the morbidity, enlargement and rupture rate, as well as post-operative complications of AAA. The role of antidiabetic medications was also explored.

Results

Retrospective epidemiological studies and large database researches associated the presence of DM with decreased prevalence, slower expansion and limited rupture rate of AAA. Major hypoglycemic drugs exert similar protective effect as DM against AAA by targeting pathological hallmarks involved in AAA formation and progression, which were demonstrated predominantly by animal studies. Nevertheless, presence of DM or postoperative hyperglycemia was linked to poorer short-term and long-term prognosis, primarily due to greater risk of infection, longer duration of hospital stays and death.

Conclusion

While DM is a positive factor in the formation and progression of AAA, it is also associated with higher risk of negative outcomes following AAA repair. Concomitant use of antidiabetic medications may contribute to the protective mechanism of DM in AAA, but further studies are still warranted to explore their role following AAA repair.
Error quantification of the Arrhenius blending rule for viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures
Authors: Boehm Randall C. , Hauck Franchesca , Yang Zhibin , Wanstall C. Taber , Heyne Joshua S.
Published: December 2022

Six hundred and seventy-five measurements of dynamic viscosity and density have been used to assess the prediction error of the Arrhenius blending rule for kinematic viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures. Major trends within the data show that mixture complexity–binary to hundreds of components—and temperature are more important determinants of prediction error than differences in molecular size or hydrogen saturation between the components of the mixtures. Over the range evaluated, no correlation between prediction error and mole fractions was observed, suggesting the log of viscosity truly is linear in mole fraction, as indicated by the Arrhenius blending rule. Mixture complexity and temperature also impact molar volume and its prediction. However, a linear regression between the two model errors explains less than 20% of the observed variation, indicating that mixture viscosity and/or molar volume are not linear with respect to temperature and/or mixture complexity. Extensive discussion of the intermolecular forces and the geometric arrangement of molecules and vacancies in liquids, which ultimately determines its viscosity, is brought into context with the implicit approximations behind the Arrhenius blending rule. The complexity of this physics is not compatible with a simple algebraic correction to the model. However, sufficient data is now available to determine confidence intervals around the prediction of fuel viscosity based on its component mole fractions and viscosities. At −40°C, when all identified components are pure molecules the modeling error is 13.2% of the predicted (nominal) viscosity times the root mean square of the component mole fractions.
Single or double headed capsules for the investigation of suspected small bowel bleeding: Are two heads better than one
Authors: McCarthy Eilis , Sihag Sandeep , Deane Charlene , Walker Caroline , Semenov Serhiy , Ryan Barbara , Breslin Niall , O’Connor Anthony , O’Donnell Sarah , McNamara Deirdre
Published: December 2022

Background

Capsule endoscopy is now the accepted first line investigation for suspected small bowel (SB) bleeding. Recent evidence suggests the diagnostic yield for SB pathology may be higher for tailored double headed (DH) SB capsules. Whether other forms of bidirectional capsules offer a similar advantage is less clear.

Aim

To compare the efficacy of single headed versus bidirectional capsules in detecting pathology in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding.

Methods

A single centre prospective comparison study was conducted over an 8 month period in a tertiary care hospital. Patients referred with overt or suspected SB bleeding were assigned to either SB3 Medtronic SB capsule (SH) during the initial four months or PillCam Colon 2 Medtronic capsule (DH) during the subsequent four months. Studies were analysed by trained Capsule Endoscopists and approved by our institutions capsule review board. Findings were compared between SH and DH capsules using a chi2 or t-test as appropriate. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

201 subjects were included, mean age 61.8 years, 90 (45%) male. Majority referred with occult bleeding, 153 (76%). DH and SH capsule used in 100 and 101 cases, respectively. 90% (n=181) capsules were complete and overall diagnostic yield was 57% (n=114). Diagnostic yield was similar between both groups - DH 53% (n=53), SH 60% (n=61). Positive finding in overt bleeding; SH 85% (n=22) versus DH 50% (n=11), p<0.02. SH capsules more frequently detected SB inflammation, 27 (27%) versus 9 (9%), p<0.002. More patients had another diagnosis in the DH (19) than the SH (9), p<0.04, the majority were type 1a vascular lesions, “red spots” or diminutive colonic polyps.

Conclusion

Single head and double head capsules perform similary in terms of diagnostic yield overall. This supports the continued use of standard small bowel capsules for investigation of the small bowel.
Risk profile of postnatal women and their babies attending a rural district hospital in South Africa
Authors: Rees Kate , Mutyambizi Chipo , Ndou Rendani , Struthers Helen E , McIntyre James A , Dunlop Jackie
Published: December 2022

Background

Maternal and neonatal mortality remain unacceptably high and inequitably distributed in South Africa, with the postnatal period being a dangerous time for both mother and baby. The aim of this paper is to describe the risk factors for poor postnatal outcomes, including postnatal mental health disorders, in a population of postnatal women and their babies utilising rural district hospital services in Limpopo Province, with a focus on HIV. We also describe health care provider compliance with relevant guidelines.

Methods

All women discharged from the postnatal ward of the district hospital who consented to participate were enrolled. A research nurse used a structured questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic information, pregnancy and pre-existing conditions, complications during labour and birth, pregnancy outcomes and mental health risk factors.

Results

The questionnaire was completed for 882 women at the time of discharge. Only 354 (40.2%) of participants had completed secondary education, and 105 (11.9%) reported formal employment. Chronic hypertension was recorded in 20 women (2.3%), with an additional 49 (5.6%) developing a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. HIV prevalence was 22.8%. 216 women (24.5%) had a mental health risk factor, with 40 reporting more than one (4.5%). Having no income, no antenatal care, having HIV and any hypertensive disorder were significantly associated with a positive mental health risk screen in multivariable analysis. There were 31 stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (3.5%), and 119 babies (13.4%) were born at a low birth weight. Stillbirth or early neonatal death was significantly associated with no antenatal care in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Women and babies in this study experienced multiple risk factors for poor outcomes in the postpartum period. Postnatal care should be strengthened in order to address the dominant risks to mothers and babies, including socioeconomic challenges, HIV and hypertension, and risks to mental health. Tools to identify mothers and babies at risk of postnatal complications would allow limited resources to be allocated where they are most needed.