bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Annotation Guidelines and Annotated Data on Extracting App Features from App Reviews
Authors: Shah Faiz Ali , Sirts Kairit , Pfahl Dietmar
Published: October 2018

The quality of automatic app feature extraction from app reviews depends on various aspects, e.g. the feature extraction method, training and evaluation datasets, evaluation method etc. Annotation guidelines used to guide the annotation of training and evaluation datasets can have a considerable impact to the quality of the whole system but it is one of the aspects that has been commonly overlooked. In this study, we explore the effects of annotation guidelines to the quality of app feature extraction. As a main result, we propose several changes to the existing annotation guidelines with a goal of making the extracted app features more useful and informative to the app developers. We test the proposed changes via simulating the application of the new annotation guidelines and then evaluating the performance of the supervised machine learning models trained on datasets annotated with initial and simulated annotation guidelines. While the overall performance of automatic app feature extraction remains the same as compared to the model trained on the dataset with initial annotations, the features extracted by the model trained on the dataset with simulated new annotations are less noisy and more informative to the app developers. Secondly, we are interested in what kind of annotated training data is necessary for training an automatic app feature extraction model. In particular, we explore whether the training set should contain annotated app reviews from those apps/app categories on which the model is subsequently planned to be applied, or is it sufficient to have annotated app reviews from any app available for training, even when these apps are from very different categories compared to the test app. Our experiments show that having annotated training reviews from the test app is not necessary although including them into training set helps to improve recall. Furthermore, we test whether augmenting the training set with annotated product reviews helps to improve the performance of app feature extraction. We find that the models trained on augmented training set lead to improved recall but at the cost of the drop in precision.
A Novel Heat Exchanger Design Method Using a Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis Hasting Algorithm
Authors: Bonilla Javier
Published: October 2018

In this study, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHX) design based on seven continuous independent design variables is proposed. Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis hasting (DRAM) was utilized as a powerful tool in the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method. This Reverse Sampling (RS) method was used to find the probability distribution of design variables of the shell and tube heat exchanger. Thanks to this probability distribution, an uncertainty analysis was also performed to find the quality of these variables. In addition, a decision-making strategy based on confidence intervals of design variables and on the Total Annual Cost (TAC) provides the final selection of design variables. Results indicated high accuracies for the estimation of design variables which leads to marginally improved performance compared to commonly used optimization methods. In order to verify the capability of the proposed method, a case of study is also presented, it shows that a significant cost reduction is feasible with respect to multi-objective and single-objective optimization methods. Furthermore, the selected variables have good quality (in terms of probability distribution) and a lower TAC was also achieved. Results show that the costs of the proposed design are lower than those obtained from optimization method reported in previous studies. The algorithm was also used to determine the impact of using probability values for the design variables rather than single values to obtain the best heat transfer area and pumping power. In particular, a reduction of the TAC up to 3.5% was achieved in the case considered.
Age effects in autobiographical memory depend on the measure
Authors: Mair Ali , Poirier Marie , Conway Martin A.
Published: October 2018

Studies examining age effects in autobiographical memory have produced inconsistent results. This study examined whether a set of typical autobiographical memory measures produced equivalent results in a single participant sample. Five memory tests (everyday memory, autobiographical memory from the past year, autobiographical memory from age 11-17, word-cued autobiographical memory, and word-list recall) were administered in a single sample of young and older adults. There was significant variance in the tests’ sensitivity to age: word-cued autobiographical memory produced the largest deficit in older adults, similar in magnitude to word-list recall. In contrast, older adults performed comparatively well on the other measures. The pattern of findings was broadly consistent with the results of previous investigations, suggesting that (1) the results of the different AM tasks are reliable, and (2) variable age effects in the autobiographical memory literature are at least partly due to the use of different tasks, which cannot be considered interchangeable measures of autobiographical memory ability. The results are also consistent with recent work dissociating measures of specificity and detail in autobiographical memory, and suggest that specificity is particularly sensitive to ageing. In contrast, detail is less sensitive to ageing, but is influenced by retention interval and event type. The extent to which retention interval and event type interact with age remains unclear; further research using specially designed autobiographical memory tasks could resolve this issue.
Development and Validation of the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1)
Authors: Vergara Rodrigo Clemente , Hernández Cristobal , Jaume-Guazzini Francisco , Lindenberg Siegwart , Klein Richard Anthony , IJzerman Hans
Published: October 2018

Attachment theory was built around the idea that infants rely on others to survive, and often, forgotten, that survival hinged on coping with environmental demands. Adult attachment reports have instead been organized around people’s subjective experience of safety and security in relationships. To resolve the gap between infant’s physical needs and adult attachment experiences, we made a first step, by developing the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) in 12 countries (N=1510), providing a complementary measure to identify biological drives formative to attachment. We conjectured that co-regulatory patterns of temperature and stress are foundational to attachment styles and on this basis used a naïve bootstrapping method to find a robust solution, conducting seven exploratory factor analyses in an exploratory-confirmatory fashion. We identified 23 (out of 57) items in 4 subscales: Social Thermoregulation (Total Omega =.83), High Temperature Sensitivity (.83), Solitary Thermoregulation (.77), and Risk Avoidance (.57). In terms of external validity, we also found that the STRAQ-1 relates to emotion regulation strategies broadly and, importantly, relates to individual differences in attachment specifically, which in turn mediates the relationship with stress and health (making the scale face valid). Our approach provides a robust first effort in identifying biological mechanisms underlying attachment formation.
The Social Stratification of Skills from Infancy to Adolescence – Evidence from an Accelerated Longitudinal Design
Authors: Skopek Jan , Passaretta Giampiero
Published: October 2018

When do socially-determined gaps in cognitive achievement emerge, how large are they before children enter school, and how do they develop over schooling? Exceeding previous research, we study the evolution over time of social gaps in achievement from birth to adolescence in Germany. Our theoretical framework juxtaposes two sets of compensation and polarization mechanisms which shape the overall extent of social inequality in learning as children navigate through early years and school. For Germany, with the most stratified education system in the Western world, our theoretical considerations predict that achievement gaps will be particularly magnified during tracked secondary schooling. We exploit data from 57 competence tests taken from age of 7 months to 16 years by the National Educational Panel Study. Composite skill measures and domain-specific skills were analyzed. Our findings point to striking socio-economic status (SES) gaps in skills which emerge and expand long before children enter school but then remain astoundingly stable throughout their school careers. We tentatively conclude that schooling decreases social inequality in learning. Our study adds to an emerging body of longitudinal research concerned with the evolution of inequality of educational opportunity in the early life course.
Effect of Various Substrates on Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Sitaula Hom Prasad , Dhakal Roshan , DC Geetesh , Kalauni Dharmendra
Published: October 2018

An experiment was conducted at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to find out the growth and yield performance of  oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The treatment includes the four different substrate i.e. paddy straw (100%), maize cob+ paddy straw (1:1), sugarcane bagasses+paddy straw (1:1) and sawdust+ paddy straw (1:1). The parameters taken for the observation during the experiment were colonization period, fruit initiation period, length of stalk, diameter of stalk, diameter of pileus, fresh weight of the first and second flush of mushroom and also the biological efficiency (BE) of various substrates. Among the used substrates, the time for colonization and fruit initiation was found to be shorter in case of the paddy straw i.e.18.25 days and 21.75 days respectively. However, the length of stalk was highest in sugarcane bagasses+paddy straw (1:1) i.e.6.10 cm, but the diameter of stalk and pileus were highest in paddy straw i.e.0.80 cm and 7.90 cm respectively. Similarly, the biological efficiency was found to be highest in case of the paddy straw (96.29688%) followed by maize cob+paddy straw (1:1), sugarcane bagasses+ paddy straw (1:1) and sawdust+ paddy straw (1:1) respectively.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 215-219
Direct Seeded Rice: A New Technology for Enhanced Resource-Use Efficiency
Authors: Bista Bishal
Published: October 2018

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a major staple food crop that feeds around 60% of the world’s population. It is a major food crop in terms of production, economy and is grown in all ecological zones of Nepal. In Nepal, traditional method of rice cultivation is widely accepted in which 20-25 days old seedlings are transplanted in the puddled field. Looming water scarcity, water-intensive traditional method of rice cultivation, escalating labour costs pressurize the development of alternative which is highly sustainable and profitable. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a very good opportunity that can cope up the global need and reduces the water use to 50%, labour cost to 60% and increases productivity by 5-10%. It involves sowing of pre-germinated seeds into wet soil surface (wet seeding), dry soil surface (dry seeding) and standing water (water seeding). Weeds are the major constraint in direct-seeded rice (DSR) reducing the crop yield upto 90% and sometimes even crop failure. Enhanced nutrient use efficiency and integrated weed management can produce comparable yields to that of transplanted rice (TPR) encouraging many farmers to switch to DSR. Methane gas emission is significantly lower in DSR than in conventionally tilled puddled transplanted rice mitigating the world’s threat of global warming. Blast disease and root-knot nematode (RKN) are other important problems associated with DSR. Based on the evidences collected, the article reviews integrated package of cultivation technologies associated with DSR, advantages, constraints and likeliness of DSR to be the future of rice cultivation in Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 181-198
Avoiding plagiarism in academic writing
Authors: Sharma Apurb
Published: October 2018

Not available.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, Page: 47-48
Intrathecal Magnesium Sulfate as Analgesic and Anaesthetic Adjunct to Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Limbu Prakash Maden , Khatiwada Sindhu , Sah Birendra Prasad , Singh Satyendra Narayan , Pokharel Krishna , Maharjan Rajiv
Published: October 2018

Background: Subarachnoid block is a popular mode of anesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Studies of Magnesium Sulfate (MgS04 ) as an adjuvant to intrathecal local anaesthetic are limited. The objective was to find out the analgesic and anaesthetic effect of intrathecal MgS04 added to bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopaedic surgery.Methods: Sixty ASA I or II adult patients undergoing lower extremity orthopaedic surgery were randomly allocated in a double blinded fashion into two groups of thirty each. Group A received 3.0 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.15 ml of 50% MgSO4. Group B received 3.0 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.15 ml of NS. Onset of sensory and motor block as well as time to attain highest level of sensory block were recorded. Duration of sensory and motor block along with duration of spinal anaesthesia were also assessed. Any adverse effects were noted and treated.Results: Duration of sensory and motor block along with duration of spinal anaesthesia were prolonged in patients of MgSO4 but were not statistically significant with p-value of 0.33, 0.23 and 0.68 respectively. Onset of anaesthesia, requirement of rescue analgesics, haemodynamic parameters and adverse effects were comparable between two groups.Conclusion: In patients undergoing lower extremity orthopaedic surgery the addition of 75mg of MgSO4 to intrathecal bupivacaine did not prolong the duration of sensory block, spinal anaesthesia nor decreased postoperative analgesic consumption without any additional side effects. Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, Page: 74-80
Ultrasound guided catheter placement for TeQuiLa block: a novel techinique for post-operative analgesia for abdominal surgeries
Authors: Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj
Published: October 2018

Ultrasound guided abdominal plane blocks are being considered as effective measure for postoperative analgesia. Among these Quadratus Lumborum Block has been reported to provide adequate analgesia for abdominal surgeries. Placement of catheter for continuous infusion of local in these plane provide long term analgesia for abdominal surgery. More recently, a transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TeQuiLa Block) was described by Borglum et al and we have tried to use catheter placement and local anesthetic infusion for the same.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No.2, 2017, Page: 94-95
Descriptive Measures of Point Distributions Summarized with Respect to Spatial Scale in Visualization
Authors: Sadahiro Yukio
Published: October 2018

Visual exploration plays a critical role in point pattern analysis. It permits analysts to grasp a wide variety of spatial patterns in point distributions that are not necessarily detectable by mathematical and statistical methods. Since spatial patterns are scale-dependent, grid and kernel density maps are effective in analysis that can visualize point distributions at various scales from small to large. Visual exploration of these maps, however, takes a considerable amount of time even if the maps are generated automatically in GIS software. In addition, visual exploration inevitably becomes subjective and unstable when treating numerous maps simultaneously. It is not easy to evaluate and memorize spatial patterns in maps in a consistent and objective way. To resolve the problem, this article proposes new quantitative measures summarizing the characteristics of point distributions. The measures can be visualized as maps that help analysts to capture the overall spatial pattern of point distributions efficiently. Numerical experiments and applications to real data analysis are performed to test the validity of the proposed measures. The results reveal the effectiveness of the measures, as well as their shortcomings, to be resolved in future research.
A Smooth Curve as a Fractal under the Third Definition
Authors: Ma Ding , Jiang Bin
Published: October 2018

It is commonly believed in the literature that smooth curves, such as circles, are not fractal, and only non-smooth curves, such as coastlines, are fractal. However, this article demonstrates that a smooth curve can be fractal, under a new, relaxed, third definition of fractal – a set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs at least twice. The scaling can be rephrased as a hierarchy, consisting of numerous smallest, a very few largest, and some in between the smallest and the largest. The logarithmic spiral, as a smooth curve, is apparently fractal because it bears the self-similarity property, or the scaling of far more small squares than large ones recurs multiple times, or the scaling of far more small bends than large ones recurs multiple times. A half-circle or half-ellipse and the UK coastline (before or after smooth processing) are fractal if the scaling of far more small bends than large ones recurs at least twice.
Reimagining Public Space in Expanded Cinema Exhibition
Authors: MacDonald Shana
Published: October 2018

L’auteure s’intéresse à la présence accrue d’écrans de cinéma élargi dans les expositions artistiques publiques contemporaines in situ de grande envergure au Canada. Dans son analyse des travaux récents de Julie Nagam, Krzysztof Wodiczko et Lacie Kanerahtahsóhon Burning, elle se demande comment le cinéma élargi parvient à investir les spectateurs du rôle de témoins immergés d’itérations temporelles et spatiales complexes. L’auteure s’interroge sur la contribution de ces exemples de cinéma étendu, dans le contexte des expositions d’art public in situ, aux progrès d’une mise en valeur par les organisateurs des formes esthétiques de réimagination. Elle traite de la façon dont ces œuvres créent des environnements de spectacle qui se distinguent par leur liminalité, leur intermédialité et leur orientation affective, arguant que les approches affectives ouvrent l’espace de projection comme lieu potentiel de contact et d’action future pour le grand public.
Projektif Yöntem Olarak Rorschach Testi ile Psikozun İncelenmesi
Authors: GÖÇER Kübra
Published: October 2018

Klinik
psikoloji uygulamalarında psikopatolojileri tespit etmek amaçlı çeşitli
metodları kullanılmaktadır. Rorschach Testi, niteliksel veriler sunan ve bir
projektif test olarak bilinen, bu metodlardan bir tanesidir. Öncelikle projektif
testlerle beraber Rorschach Testi’nin tarihçesi, uygulanışı ve yorumlanması
tanıtıldıktan sonra, psikozun bu testin protokollerine nasıl yansıdığı ele
alınacaktır. Psikotik yapılanmaların ortak özellikleriyle beraber psikotik
endişe incelenecektir. Bu ortak özelliklerin incelenmesinin merkezinde, Chabert
tarafından 5 ana özellik olarak birleştirilen ve Palem’in şizofreniyle çalışmalarına
dayanan kategoriler yer almaktadır. Gerçeklik algısı, zihinsel süreçler, kimlik
ve beden imgesi, koruma kalkanları ve pregenital ilişkileri alanlarında
psikotik bireylerin ortak deneyimleri bulunmaktadır ve bunlar Rorschach
Testi’ne yansımaktadırlar. Yanısıra, test protokollerin iki çeşit olarak
ayrıştırılabildiği bilinmektedir. Şizofrenik protokoller ruhsal çölleşmeyi
andırırken, paranoid şizofreni protokollerinde zengin bir içsel yaşantı
sergilenmesine rağmen, kırılgan psikotik yapının varlığına son olarak
değinelecektir.
Awake resection of a left operculo-insular low-grade glioma guided by cortico-subcortical mapping
Authors: Picart Thiébaud , Duffau Hugues
Published: October 2018

A 30-year-old right-handed female medical doctor experienced generalized seizures. MRI showed a left operculo-insular low-grade glioma. Awake resection was proposed. During the cortical mapping, counting and naming task combined with right upper limb movement enabled the identification of the ventral premotor cortex and negative motors areas. The so-called Broca’s area was not eloquent. Subpial dissection was performed by avoiding coagulation until the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the junction between the output projection fibers and the anterior part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus III were reached. The patient resumed a normal familial and socio-professional life despite the resection of Broca’s area.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/OALk0tvctQw.
Intraoperative awake brain mapping and multimodal image-guided resection of dominant side insular glioma
Authors: Yu Zhengda , Hameed N. U. Farrukh , Zhang Nan , Wu Bin , Zhang Jie , Lu Junfeng , Qiu Tianming , Zhuang Dongxiao , Chen Hong , Wu Jinsong
Published: October 2018

Resection of insular tumors in the dominant hemisphere poses a significant risk of postoperative motor and language deficits. The authors present a case in which intraoperative awake mapping and multi-modal imaging was used to help preserve function while resecting a dominant insular glioma. The patient, a 55-year-old man, came to the clinic after experiencing sudden onset of numbness in the right limbs for 4 months. Preoperative MRI revealed a nonenhancing lesion in the left insular lobe. Gross-total tumor resection was achieved through the transcortical approach, and the patient recovered without language or motor deficits. Informed patient consent was obtained.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/gFky09ekmzw.
Debatten entfachen – ein Forum für kritischen Austausch eröffnen
Authors: Wagner Farina , Stimm Maria , Trumann Jana , Kondratjuk Maria , Ebner von Eschenbach Malte , Rosenberg Hannah , Damm Christoph
Published: October 2018

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Genese der Zeitschrift und setzt diese Entwicklung in einen Zusammenhang mit der Beobachtung von nicht hinreichend widerstreitenden Auseinandersetzungen in der Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft. Dazu scheint klärungsbedürftig, was unter Debatten im widerstreitenden Sinne verstanden wird. Die Zeitschrift eröffnet demnach ein Forum für kritischen Austausch vor dem Hintergrund der Zunahme von Kontingenz und Perspektivenpluralität in der Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft.
Historische Erwachsenenbildungsforschung: Geprägt von Kontroversität und Ambivalenz
Authors: Zeuner Christine
Published: October 2018

Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Struktur der historischen Erwachsenenbildungsforschung, skizziert kontroverse und ambivalente Einschätzungen und ordnet sie in den Kontext disziplinärer Identitätsdebatten ein. Plädiert wird für die Erneuerung eines disziplinären historischen Bewusstseins der Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft, basierend auf Überlegungen zur Entwicklung eines spezifischen kulturellen (Disziplin-)Gedächtnisses bezogen auf Aleida Assmann und die Entwicklung historischer Kompetenz bezogen auf Oskar Negt.
Orte und Formate für Debatten in der Erwachsenenbildung
Authors: Iller Carola
Published: October 2018

In dem Beitrag werden Orte und Formate des Debattierens mit dem Ziel betrachtet, auf Lücken und nicht wahrgenommene Effekte in den Diskursen aufmerksam zu machen. Diskurse auf Tagungen und in Publikationen stellen Verbindungen her, die ein Forschungsfeld zu einem „Invisible College“ werden lassen. Formate und Orte produzieren aber auch Ungleichheit im Diskurs, so z.B. zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis, etablierten Wissenschaftler*innen und Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen und international zwischen „anglophonen“ und anderen Sprachregionen.
sprechen. schweigen. ignorieren. Echokammer-Effekte, Machtmanifestationen und Schweigespiralen in Debattenunkulturen
Authors: Holzer Daniela
Published: October 2018

Das Wissenschaftsfeld ist ein von spezifischen Regeln formierter Raum, in dem Machtverhältnisse, Statuszuweisungen und habituelle Einpassungen eine bedeutsame Rolle dafür spielen, wer sich in Debatten Gehör verschaffen kann und wer ausgeschlossen oder abgewertet wird. In diesem Beitrag wird entlang wissenschaftssoziologischer und machtanalytischer Perspektiven ein kritischer und pointiert zugespitzter Blick auf daraus entstehende Problematiken für Debatten geworfen.
Die soziale Konstruktion von Qualifikation
Authors: Schwarzkopd Jutta
Published: October 2018

The consideration of skill highlights the social construction of job hierarchies. This investigation of the wage-levels as well as the level and distribution of skill in the Lancashire weaving industry between 1885 and the First World War corroborates the largely ideological character of »skill« as a measure for the classification of work. In the social construction of women-dominated weaving as »semiskilled «, the gender-specific dimension is shown to be of overriding importance. This study further suggesrs that the gender hierarchy in society at ]arge determines the relation of warnen and men at the working-place to such an extent as to obviate its being undermined from within the labour process. Yet experiences gained at work appear to carry the potential for warnen to pose a challenge to the existing hierarchy in a different social sphere.
Nicht nach Design: Rekombiniertes Eigentum im osteuropäischen Kapitalismus
Authors: Stark David
Published: October 2018

We should not be surprised that reorganization in Eastern Europe is yielding new property forms that are neither statist nor private. The economies of East Central Europe are evolving in forms that are neither state capitalist nor market socialist. These are mixed economies not because there are state-owned firms and privately owned firms but because the typical firm is itself a combination of public and private property relations. What we find are new forms of property in which the properties of private and public are dissolved, interwoven, and recombined. Property in East European capitalism in recombinant property.
Zur Aktualität Sraffas
Authors: Schabacker Klaus
Published: October 2018

Sraffa's Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities shows a system of price equations which requires an exogenous determination either of the wage rate or the rate of profit. The fault of classical, Marxian and early neoclassical theory lies within their attempt to derive a rate of profit from a given magnitude called capital. The rate of profit is conceived of as a concept of production. Both, the modern Neoclassics and Sraffa, reject such a view. The former resolves the problem of determining the rate of profit into an intertemporal equilibrium of prices and regards the Sraffanian theory of value as a special case of a general equilibrium. This paper argues that, on the contrary, Sraffa has proposed an alternative approach to the theory of price determination, because he suggests that the rate of profit should be derived from the rate of interest on money. The latter may forma part of a monetary theory, which can cope with the problem of unemployment while neoclassiscal theory submits the problem of employment to a theory of allocation.
Die Politik der Militärintervention in den neunziger Jahren
Authors: Aguirre Mariano
Published: October 2018

Es werden die nach dem Ende des Ost-West Konflikts sich wandelnden Ursachen und Motive militärischer Intervention untersucht und die Frage diskutiert, ob und in welcher Form es (bei den Vereinten Nationen) ein »Recht auf Einmischung« geben solle.
Critical International Relations. Kritik am neorealistischen Paradigma der internationalen Beziehungen
Authors: Scherrer Christoph
Published: October 2018

»Critical International Relations« versuchen positivismuskritische Theorien für das Fach Internationale Beziehungen fruchtbar zu machen. Bezugspunkte sind dabei u. a. Gendertheorien, Gramscianische Ansätze, die Kritische Theorie und der Poststrukturalismus. Vorgestellt werden die CIR-Arbeiten anhand ihrer Kritik am vorherrschenden Paradigma der Internationalen Beziehungen, dem Neorealismus.
Recht - Demokratie - Weltgesellschaft
Authors: Narr Wolf-Dieter
Published: October 2018

Während Habermas seine in Faktizität und Geltung vorgelegte Rechtstheorie ganz aus der Perspektive der Gesetzgebung entwirft, bezieht Niklas Luhmann in Das Recht der Gesellschaft den Standpunkt der Judikative. Bei allen Unterschieden zwischen beiden Theorien sind für ihre enttäuschend geringe Erklärungskraft nicht zuletzt methodische Gemeinsamkeiten verantwortlich. Beide ziehen sich auf eine Abstraktionebene zurück, auf welcher der Sinn für die harten Realitäten des Rechts verloren geht: für die Zwangsförmigkeit der Rechtsdurchsetzung und des Eigengewichts bürokratischer Vermittlungsprozesse. Eine auf der Höhe der gegenwärtigen Probleme ansetzende Theoriebldung hätte dagegen Recht und Demokratie als Spannungsverhältnis zu begreifen und neuartige Herausforderungen wie die Globalisierungsprozesse zu thematisieren.
Verteilungsfragen
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: October 2018

Editorial
Das Scheitern neoliberaler Politik in Mexiko (1982 - 1994)
Authors: Boris Dieter
Published: October 2018

The article questions the wide-spread belief in the »success story« of the neoliberal »economic miracle« Mexico's during the administration of Miguel de la Madrid (1982 - 1988) and Salinas de Gortari (1988 - 1994). The latest economic crisis, which began just before the end of 1994 is analyzed as an expression of the inherent weakness of the mexican economy and the structural antinomies of the neoliberal strategy.
REPRODUKSI PAHAM KEAGAMAAN DAN RESPON TERHADAP TUDUHAN RADIKAL (Studi Kasus Pesantren Ngruki Pasca Bom Bali 2002)
Authors: Murtadlo Muhamad
Published: October 2018

Pesantren Al Mukmin Ngruki Sukoharjo is often cited as an inspiration for radical Islam in Indonesia. This research examines the reproduction of religious understanding and the response to allegations of radicalism addressed to Pesantren Ngruki after the Bali bombings of 2002. This study includes qualitative research with case study approach. This study argues that a radical view of Islam can not be separated from social and historical context of this Islamic boarding institutions. Currently Pesantren Ngruki has undergone some changes in the orientation of education resulting from multiple causes, which are not limited by the case of Bali bombings only.
WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN DALAM PUSARAN IMAN KATOLIK (Refleksi Nilai Ajaran Katolik terhadap Keutuhan NKRI Studi di Kota Kupang)
Authors: Ulum Raudlatul
Published: October 2018

Catholics in Indonesia perceive that the Republic of Indonesia is founded by many elements of religious entity. The strength of the state completely lies on the agreement of many adherents of religion to unite as an independent country. The spirit of nationalism is the acknowledgement of all people who are equally important to enhance the dignity of Indonesia. The research on Catholics in Kupang is aimed at understanding the relationship of Catholic theology and nationalism in socio-political practices and current realities of the adherents, especially the religious elites, public figures, Catholics in general, and youth. Based on the result of the research, it is highly recommended that the formulation of national identity and guarantee of the religious freedom is important. It is equally important to strengthen the nationalism by enhancing the understanding of Catholic theology.
SYIAH DI TASIKMALAYA: PENGELOLAAN KERUKUNAN DENGAN KOMUNITAS LAIN
Authors: Muchtar Ibnu Hasan
Published: October 2018

This paper looks at the development of Shi‘i movement that currently becomes a public discourse, especially after the foundation of an organisation which rejects the presence of Shi‘ism in Indonesia. Based on the study conducted by using qualitative method and case-study approach, this paper indicates the harmonious relationship between the Shi‘i and non-Shi‘i groups in Tasikmalaya. This has been marked by the absence of conflict between both groups. Some Shi‘i figures associated to IJABI (Ikatan Jamaah Ahlul Bayt Indonesia) and public and religious figures in Tasikmalaya, know each other personally. There have been good collaborations between community members in many socio-cultural events such as gotong-royong (mutual-cooperation), the celebration of religious festivals, national days in grass-root levels. Yet there have been rejection in the forms of rally and the declaration of ANAS (Aliansi Nasional Anti Syi’ah, National Alliance of Anti-Shi‘ism). This, however, mostly caused by the use of social media.
CERAI GUGAT DI KOTA CILEGON
Authors: Mulyono Agus
Published: October 2018

This research focuses on the phenomenon of cerai gugat (divorce sued by wife) in Cilegon town. Based on the qualitative approach, this research has conducted deep interview as data collection method with women sueing divorce, officers within Religious Court and Ministry of Religious Affairs, as well as public religious figures in Cilegon.The socio-economic circunstance of Cilegon society is influential to the patterns of divorce. The divorces are strongly linked to the readiness to face modernity. Economy as one of important variables of modern society has become one of the problems of divorce. Cilegon osciety is categorised as a semi-modern society as Cilegon is one of the centres of government and economic movement. The society must adapt themselves with the context social change which mostly determines and creates them to have pragmatic and realistic orientation of life. They would maintain their life as long as they survive and enjoy life within modernity. The contrary will happen otherwise. If they could establish and exist in the context of social change, they would survive and maintain their family household. Otherwise, divorce is an alternative.
PELAYANAN KEAGAMAAN DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN ENTIKONG DAN SEKAYAM, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Fakhruddin Fakhruddin , M. Ishom M. Ishom
Published: October 2018

Entikong and Sekayam are two sub-districts in Sanggau directly adjacent to the territory of Malaysia. Both sub-districts have been designated as priority sites of border areas development. Religious services in the border areas are still far from expectations and do not reflect the principle of satisfactory service community as stipulated in Ministrial Decree PAN No. 63/ KEP/M.PAN/7/2003. It is caused by many factors. So, related to the functions of implementation of development in the religious field, the Ministry of Religious Affair has adopted program of ibadah (religious worship). General religious services are part of the public services, i.e all activities undertaken by public service providers as effort to meet the needs of service recipients, as well as in order to implement the statutory provisions. The main basis of religious services in Indonesia are the first principle of Pancasila and Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution. Religious services in Indonesia can be conducted by public service providers, both government and socio-civil elements. It is unique, because despite Indonesia is not a religious state, the great role of religion in the history of the state formation can not be denied. Therefore, Indonesia government does not let the religious affair to be in the private domain but it is involved in conducting religious services in accordance with statutory provisions. The scope of religious services conducted by state according to law include: Islamic marriage, zakat/ infaq/charity/endowments, pilgrimage, religious education, and so forth. Out of those aforementioned, religious services is submitted to the social and religious institutions.
PESANTREN DI BENTENG PROTESTAN : AKTIVITAS, RELASI DAN PERDAMAIAN
Authors: Rusli Almunauwar Bin
Published: October 2018

A discourse about Pesantren in Protestant bastion from the New Order Era to Reform Era is significant to study for building a strong, stable, wealthy and democratic life. Pondok Karya Pembangunan Manado is Pesantren to be the focus of research. Bacause the region and the composition of interethnic and interfaith inhabitants were highly representative. This study used the qualitative-explorative type with sociological approach. The result showed that (1) There were three relation typologies including structural relation, organizational relation and cultural relations (2) There were five factors that strengthened  the peace which consisted of construction of  local religion, interfaith leadership system, construction of inter-offspring, curriculum centralization and santri mobilization. Thus, in summary the relations and peace activity always appeared  in public spaces to develop intracommunal and intercommunal engagement.
TRADISI PERNIKAHAN PADA BULAN SYAWAL DI MADURA: KAJIAN LIVING HADITH
Authors: Zamzami Mohammad Subhan
Published: October 2018

Artikel ini berusaha mengungkap tradisi pernikahan pada bulan Syawal di Kecamatan Pamekasan Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura sejak tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2017 dari segi tata caranya. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan pendekatan living hadith. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap tradisi pernikahan pada bulan Syawal termasuk salah satu bentuk tradisi pernikahan Madura yang sudah berlangsung secara turun-menurun dan mengakar kuat di tengah masyarakat yang cara penentuan dan pandangan tentang eksistensinya beragam, sehingga tidak disadari sebagai salah satu praktik sosial-keagamaan yang sebenarnya dipengaruhi oleh tradisi pernikahan Islam yang eksistensinya berasal dari hadis Nabi.
PERANAN MODAL KULTURAL DAN STRUKTURAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA DI BALI
Authors: Halimatusa’diah Halimatusa’diah
Published: October 2018

Peristiwa Ahmadiyah di Cikeusik, Syiah di Sampang, hingga kasus Tanjung Balai, merupakan berbagai peristiwa intoleransi yang kerap mewarnai realitas masyarakat kita yang majemuk. Namun, di beberapa wilayah lain dengan masyarakatnya yang juga beragam, seperti di Bali, kita juga bisa menemukan masyarakat yang mampu menjaga kerukunan antarumat beragamanya dan hidup secara berdampingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai faktor yang menjadi penyangga kerukunan antarumat beragama di Bali. Kajian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengatasi berbagai konflik agama yang terjadi di Indonesia, serta bagaimana menciptakan kerukunan antarumat beragama. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terciptanya toleransi dan kerukunan antarumat beragama di Bali, selain dipengaruhi oleh faktor keteladanan sejarah, juga dikarenakan Bali memiliki modal kultural dan modal struktural yang kuat. Modal kultural berupa kearifan lokal yang masih terus terjaga dan juga agen-agen kerukunan seperti penjaga tradisi dan FKUB juga berperan besar dalam menjaga dan menciptakan kerukunan antarumat beragama di Bali.
INSTITUSI MINORITAS DAN STRUKTUR SOSIAL DI INDIA
Authors: Ruksin Raudatul Ulum
Published: October 2018

Minoritas  di India diurus di dalam satu lembaga namanya National Commision for Minoritysebagai bentuk mewujudkan perintah Undang-Undang, Act 1992. setidaknya disebutkan tiga minoritas yang secara umum dikenal di India dan diberlakukan affirmatif policy. Minoritas agama, selain penganut Hindu, penganut agama lain sebagai minoritas agama, berikutnya suku-suku rentan yang sulit mengakses kebijakan, ketiga adalah backward caste. Kasta terbelakang adalah isu sosial paling rumit di India, selain empat kasta mainstream, Brahman-Ksatryan-Vide-Sudras, terdapat kasta kelima yang sejatinya belum diakui. Mereka dinamakan dengan Dalit, secara sosial menempati kelas terbawah dalam kultur India. Relasi sosial yang unik terjadi antara penganut Hindu yang berkasta rendah, dengan institusi muslim cukup unik, kebijakan Aligarh Muslim University yang memberikan beasiswa masyarakat miskin dan rentan cukup memberikan arti terhadap perubahan. Meksipun sistim sosial India secara umum memengaruhi masyarakat Islam yang secara ajaran mengajarkan norma tanpa kasta, namun dalam kenyataannya muncul istilah asraf, asykal dan ajlaf. Asraf adalah level sosial tersendiri ditarik secara politik dan sejarah merupakan keturunan aristokrat dan rohaniwan Islam. biasanya identifikasi pada khan dan syed. Kolonialisme Inggris semakin memertegas demarkasi level sosial melalui East Indian British, mereka kepala pasukan Inggris yang berasal dari India diberi gelar Sir, melengkapi seperangkat identitas Syed di depan nama, kemudian Khan di belakang nama. Kemudian posisi Asykal adalah level sosial konversi wangsa Sudra, sedangkan Ajlaf adalah mereka yang hidup dalam level sosial manusia kebanyakan, strata sosial terbawah. Institusi minoritas adalah kelembagaan khusus untuk memberikan perlakukan khusus pada kelompok agama  agar nantinya berada dalam kondisi yang sama dengan kebijakan secara umum. Konflik antaragama juga bagian dari isu penting untuk menggambarkan keadaan masyarakat dan kebijakan di India. Muslim umumnya menganggap Hinduisme adalah wajah kultural di India, sampai pada perspektif membaca data sensuspun mereka meyakini jumlahnya bisa lebih besar dari yang disebutkan. Belum lagi menyangkut akses pada kebijakan dan urusan politik, muslim berjuang pada kesetaraan. Dalam hal ini pendekatan affimatif dan kesetaraan berada dalam diskusi serius sepanjang penelitian dilakukan. Penelitian ini memeroleh kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan negara menyangkut penanganan minoritas agama yang sekaligus mengurusi dua minoritas lainnya cukup baik namun tidak banyak mengubah sistem sosial yang sudah berlangsung sepanjang sejarah india.
Production and characterization of sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola from coconut oil
Authors: Le Loan Quynh , Ngo Huy Duc , Hoang Khanh Quoc , Nguyen Dung Hoang , Nguyen Dung Hoang , Nguyen Hoa Luong Hieu , Nguyen Hue Thi Bach
Published: October 2018

The biosurfactants from microbial origin increasingly gained interests because of their application in many field and excellent properties compared to surfactants from chemical origin, such as the higher biodegradability, lower toxicity and environmentally friendly. Sophorolipids, biosurfactants of glycolipid groups are produced through the fermentation by nonpathogenic yeasts such as Candida bombicola. In this study, we investigated the production, surveyed properties of sophorolipids through fermentation by C. bombicola from coconut oil. The results showed that the yield of sophorolipid obtained after 7 days of culture was 14.6 g/L, the surface tension was 40 mN/m. The obtained sophorolipid showed ability to be resistant to some bacteria such as E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. Through DPPH experiment, sophorolipids showed the scavenging acitivity with IC50 = 1.4063 mg/mL. These results showed that sophorolipids could be applied in cosmetics.
Removal of heavy metals in plating wastewater by electrocoagulation process using cylindrical electrodes
Authors: To Hien Thi , Le Hoang Minh , Nguyen Thao Thi Phuong , Nguyen Phu Ly Sy
Published: October 2018

This study focuses on removing the metals: chromium, nickel, zinc and copper in high concentrations (particularly with chromium, whose concentration went up to 350 ppm) in plating wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) method using direct current (DC). The wastewater was contained in a 2 L batch airlift reactor; pure oxygen 99.9 % was blown into the reactor to increase the treatment efficiency. Cylindrical iron electrodes were used in the cell. The results showed that pH, current density, and residence time were three major factors influencing the treatment effectiveness. Over 99.9 % of heavy metals were effectively removed when optimizing the operating conditions with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the current density 8.79 mA/cm2, 30.01 minutes, at pH 4.95. Beside the consideration of the effectiveness of this method in different concentrations of plating wastewater Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) scan, and Tafel line were also used for measuring the existing ability of electrodes in the wastewater to study situations happening while operating the cell in the reality. With high efficiency, simple operation, no cost for chemical, and the power consumption of only 10 kWh/m3, this method can be used in treating plating wastewater in the reality.
Selective Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines
Authors: Lévay Krisztina , Hegedűs László
Published: October 2018

Primary amines are important intermediates, especially in the area of pharmaceutical, plastic and agrochemical industry. The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles is one of the most frequently applied process for the synthesis of diverse amines. However, the control of the selectivity is a critical issue in this reaction. Over the past decade, many studies have been reported using heterogeneous transition metal catalysts for the selective reduction of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines. The type of the catalysts, especially, the chemical nature of metals in the catalysts is one of the most important factors to influence the selectivity, the reaction rate, and possibly also the reaction pathway and the deactivation of the catalyst. Thus, this review focuses on the heterogeneous transition metal catalysts and summarizes the recent developments achieved in the selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines.
Live protist curation at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, 1884–2017
Authors: Day John G. , Turner Michael Francis
Published: October 2018

Understanding and exploiting marine microbial biodiversity is a huge task. Integral to this is the capacity to identify and maintain exemplar taxa ex situ, so that they may be studied or utilized. This paper focuses on protists, primarily photosynthetic protists, including microalgae and macroalgae, as well as the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. It draws together the strands of activities undertaken by scientists in the fields of taxonomy, systematics and algal cultivation associated with the Scottish Association for Marine Science at Oban and its predecessors: the Scottish Marine Station, originally located on a converted lighter, The Ark, in a flooded quarry in Granton near Edinburgh, then subsequently at Millport on the Clyde; the Marine Biological Association – West Scotland at Millport; and the Scottish Marine Biological Association, founded in 1914, initially at Millport and subsequently at Dunstaffnage, Oban. The work undertaken is interwoven with the historical status and development of protistan curation over the past 130 years. The paper also examines the inter-linkages of the organization with the development of cultivation techniques and the provision of biological resources from 1914 by the then newly established Scottish Marine Biological Association to the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa today. Finally, we briefly outline current developments that will influence the curation and scientific exploitation of these diverse organisms in the future.
Sur la présence et l'origine de l'alunite dans les phyllades de l'île de Crète (Grèce)
Authors: Caillère Simonne , Maratos G.
Published: October 2018

Dans les phyllades de l'île de Crète on trouve des nodules blanchâtres. L'étude minéralogique de ces nodules montre qu'ils sont formés par une argile kaolinique associée à de l'alunite. L'origine des nodules paraît liée à la mise en place d'un amas sulfuré, oxydé plus tard sous l'action des agents superficiels (du permien à l'éocène). Le fer aurait précipité sur place à l'état de goethite tandis que le soufre aurait donné SO₃ capable de former l'alunite, au contact de l'argile.