bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the socially responsible consumption gap research: Review and future research agenda
Authors: Falcão Diana , Roseira Catarina
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a wide‐ranging view of the literature that is relevant to study the gaps in socially responsible consumption (SRC). The research design follows a three‐stage analytical procedure. First, we critically review the main concepts and vocabularies used in the field and propose a framework that organizes existing studies into four major types according to their approaches and focus: gap prediction, willingness ‘to go responsible’, gap understanding and barriers to SRC. Second, a qualitative content analysis provided a set of words and semantic categories for text searches in bibliographic databases. Findings showed that the Anglo‐Saxon countries lead the field, and that patterns are changing, such as the rise of China as a contributor. Finally, a bibliometric analysis of 3,367 articles, retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, identified the intellectual structure of the SRC gap literature, top contributors (countries, publications and authors), mature and emerging themes and the main barriers to SRC adoption. The 25 top journals published almost 50% of the articles and citations. TheInternational Journal of Consumer Studies (IJCS) stands out as the only journal focused on consumer behaviour among the most prolific publications in the SRC gap literature. This finding makes theIJCSthe benchmark for researchers in the field. The SRC gap research addresses five domains: clean energy, biodiversity, public safety, food‐related issues and consumer marketing research. These domains share six reasons for the SRC gaps: economic and financial factors, information and knowledge barriers, sense of effort, lack of feelings of responsibility, contextual and social factors and supply aspects. Overall, this study provides clarity into the relevant literature that helps the SRC gaps’ understanding and identifies directions for future research.
Structural characterisation, gastrointestinal digestion stability and transepithelial transport study of casein peptide–zinc chelate
Authors: Wang Bo , Xiao Shan , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Jihui
Published: March 2022

In this study, a promising nanoparticle of casein peptide–zinc chelate (CNP‐Zn) for zinc supplementation was obtained. The structure properties and transepithelial transport mechanism were investigated. The amino acid composition, particle size, zeta potential and microstructure were significantly changed after chelation with zinc ions. The results of fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the oxygen atoms from both the carboxyl and carbonyl groups, amides, were responsible for zinc chelation. After gastrointestinal digestion, over 40% of zinc remained bound in CNP–Zn. The transepithelial transport results showed that paracellular route and PepT1 transporter were involved in the absorption of CNP–Zn, and almost 50% of the bound zinc was co‐transported with peptides. These findings would provide a relatively comprehensive cognition for developing efficient dietary zinc carriers.
Insights from proteome to phosphorylated proteome: deciphering different regulatory mechanisms in goat muscles with high‐ and low‐meat quality
Authors: Gu Minghui , Wei Yanchao , Jiao Yang , Zhang Dequan , Liu Yongfeng
Published: March 2022

To investigate the inner mechanisms of meat quality differences between high‐quality (HQ) and low‐quality (LQ), a comparative quantitative study between longissimus thoracis and external intercostals of goat muscle was performed from proteome to phosphorylated proteome using RP‐HPLC in combination with the ‘isobaric tag’ for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling strategy. Altogether, 1441 proteins were identified in our study, of which 673 were phosphoproteins, and a total of twenty were common differentially expressed proteins. Myosin, carbonic anhydrase, and phosphoglucomutase could be used as proteins marker for HQ and LQ meat. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these proteins exhibited different rates for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation reaction, thus causing the different pH and NADH change rates, and resulting in better colour, tenderness, and water retention in HQ meat. The release of Ca2+ and adenosine triphosphate changed the meat quality through calcium signalling. Our finding provides a comprehensive view of proteome changes and their phosphorylation levels in goat muscle, involved in producing meats of different muscle parts. It also gives a better understanding of the regulation of protein on various biological processes that determine the final meat quality attributes.
Takotsubo syndrome in New Zealand: current knowledge and future challenges
Authors: Looi Jen‐Li , Chan Christina , Bridgman Paul , Kerr Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

Takotsubo syndrome (TS), also known as apical ballooning syndrome, is a transient stress‐related cardiomyopathy characterised by acute but reversible left ventricular dysfunction. The condition tends to occur in postmenopausal women after a stressful event. At presentation, TS typically mimics acute myocardial infarction (MI) and the incidence of TS has been increasing worldwide. This is likely a consequence of an improved awareness of the existence of this syndrome and easier access to early echocardiography and coronary angiography. However, its aetiology remains poorly understood and it is probably still underdiagnosed. Similar to other countries, TS is being increasingly recognised in New Zealand. In this review, we discuss the demographics, clinical features and outcomes of patients with TS in New Zealand. Doing so informs us not only of the pattern of disease in New Zealand but it also provides insights into the condition itself.
Vaccine literacy: A concept analysis
Authors: Badua Avie Rotsen , Caraquel Krystelle Joy , Cruz Marjorie , Narvaez Roison Andro
Published: March 2022

The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) is dubbed as one of the deadliest and worst global pandemics. Many pandemic policies and programs were implemented in different countries across the globe, including the creation of vaccines that would enhance human immunity against the symptoms caused by the virus. Since then, debates on vaccines have emerged, citing vaccine hesitancy often associated with certain factors like socioeconomic status, beliefs, and vaccine awareness. This birthed to an intensive call for vaccine literacy as an effective means of encouraging people to get vaccinated against viruses. This paper uses the Walker and Avant’s (2019, Strategies for theory construction in nursing, 6th edn. New York, NY: Pearson) approach of concept analysis with the help of its eight systematic stages. Results showed that vaccine literacy was adopted after the concept of health literacy. It is defined as a process of providing vaccine information, building communication, and increasing people's engagement about vaccines. The identified defining attributes of vaccine literacy include ‘health literacy’, ‘disease prevention’, ‘education’, and ‘immunization’. Vaccine literacy is considered relevant in the nursing practice as knowledge on vaccine literacy easily advances nurses' practice roles through vaccination education, creating developmental policies about vaccines, and prescribing immunization to patients.
Research Review: The effect of school‐based suicide prevention on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and the role of intervention and contextual factors among adolescents: a meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Walsh Eibhlin H. , McMahon Jennifer , Herring Matthew P.
Published: March 2022

Background

Globally, suicide is the fourth highest cause of adolescent mortality (Suicide: https://www.who.int/news‐room/fact‐sheets/detail/suicide). The effects of post‐primary school‐based suicide prevention (PSSP) on adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs) have not been comprehensively synthesised. We aim to estimate the population effect for PSSP interventions on adolescent STBs and explore how intervention effects vary based on intervention and contextual moderators.

Methods

Searches of PsycINFO, Medline, Education Source, ERIC, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials identified cluster randomised trials examining the effectiveness of PSSP on adolescent STBs. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed bias. Crude and adjusted back‐transformed odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Multilevel random‐effects models accounted for dependencies of effects. Univariate meta‐regression explored variability of intervention and contextual moderators on pooled effects.

Results

There were 19 and 12 effects for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Compared with controls, interventions were associated with 13% (OR = 0.87, 95%CI [0.78, 0.96]) and 34% (OR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.47, 0.91]) lower crude odds reductions for SI and SA, respectively. Effects were similar for adjusted SI (OR = 0.85, 95%CI [0.75, 0.95]) and SA (OR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.59, 0.87]) models. Within‐study (0.20–9.10%) and between‐study (0–51.20%) heterogeneity ranged for crude and adjusted SA models and SI heterogeneity was 0%. Moderator analyses did not vary SA effects (ps > .05).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis contributes to the PSSP evidence‐base by demonstrating that PSSP targeting STBs as both primary intervention outcomes and with other health and well‐being outcomes reduced SI and SA among 33,155 adolescents attending 329 schools, compared to controls. The number needed to treat estimates suggests the potential of reducing the incidence of SA and SI in one adolescent by implementing PSSP in 1–2 classrooms, supporting PSSP as a clinically relevant suicide prevention strategy. Although moderator analyses were nonsignificant and contained a small number of trials, larger SA effect sizes support particular effectiveness for interventions of a duration of ≤1 week, involving multiple stakeholders and with a 12‐month follow‐up.
Environment dependence of the expression of mutational load and species’ range limits
Authors: Perrier Antoine , Sánchez‐Castro Darío , Willi Yvonne
Published: March 2022

Theoretical and empirical research on the causes of species’ range limits suggest the contribution of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with potentially complex interactions among them. An intrinsic factor proposed by recent theory is mutational load increasing towards range edges because of genetic drift. Furthermore, environmental quality may decline towards range edges and enhance the expression of load. Here, we tested whether the expression of mutational load associated with range limits in the North American plant Arabidopsis lyrata was enhanced under stressful environmental conditions by comparing the performance of within‐ versus between‐population crosses at common garden sites across the species’ distribution and beyond. Heterosis, reflecting the expression of load, increased with heightened estimates of genomic load and with environmental stress caused by warming, but the interaction was not significant. We conclude that range‐edge populations suffer from a twofold genetic Allee effect caused by increased mutational load and stress‐dependent load linked to general heterozygote deficiency, but there is no synergistic effect between them.
Allometry, sexual selection and evolutionary lines of least resistance shaped the evolution of exaggerated sexual traits within the genusTyrannus
Authors: Fasanelli Martín Nicolás , Milla Carmona Pablo S. , Soto Ignacio María , Tuero Diego Tomás
Published: March 2022

Variational properties hold a fundamental role in shaping biological evolution, exerting control over the magnitude and direction of evolutionary change elicited by microevolutionary processes that sort variation, such as selection or drift. We studied the genusTyrannusas a model for examining the conditions and drivers that facilitate the repeated evolution of exaggerated, secondary sexual traits in the face of significant functional limitations. In particular, we explore the role of allometry, sexual selection and their interaction, on the diversification of tail morphology in the genus, assessing whether and how they promoted or constrained phenotypic evolution. Non‐deep‐forked species tend to show reduced sexual dimorphism and moderate allometric variation in tail shape. The exaggerated and functionally constrained long feathers of deep‐forked species,T.savanaandT.forficatus, which show both marked sexual dimorphism and allometric tail shape variation, independently diverged from the rest of the genus following the same direction of main interspecific variation accrued during the evolution of non‐deep‐forked species. Moreover, the latter direction is also aligned with axes summarising sexual dimorphism and allometric variation on deep‐forked species, a feature lacking in the rest of the species. Thus, exaggerated tail morphologies are interpreted as the result of amplified divergence through reorientation and co‐option of allometric variation by sexual selection, repeatedly driving morphology along a historically favoured direction of cladogenetic evolution.
Investigating the rheological properties of molten sugar‐free dark chocolates
Authors: Loghmani Sayed Vahid , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Molavi Hooman , Fazel Mohammad
Published: March 2022

This study examined the steady‐state and dynamic rheological properties of molten dark chocolate produced from sorbitol, isomalt, and inulin sugar substitutes at 40°C. All samples had a shear‐thinning and thixotropic behavior. Bulk sweeteners, according to their molecular structures, could be effective on the apparent viscosity as well as yield stress. Dynamic oscillatory measurements of the considered molten samples showed the liquid‐like behavior of inulin and isomalt, and the weak gel‐like behavior of sucrose and sorbitol. Sugar substitution decreased the G′ and G″ values of the samples. Among the samples, only those containing sorbitol within 50–100 rad/s range obeyed the Cox–Merz rule. The data related to the obtained compliance ( could be well fitted to the Kelvin model (R2 = 0.994) as a function of time. Compliance values ( were increased with the sugar substitution, thus showing that deformation and internal viscosity () were decreased with sugar substitution. According to the results of this study, sugar substitution remarkably influenced the structures of dark chocolate samples. For this reason, the use of bulk sweeteners mixture in the formulation can be recommended.

Practical applications

Over the past decennium, nutritive sweeteners are regarded as ingredients replacing the physical bulk as well as sweetness of sugar. Such products are also called “sugar replacers” or “bulk sweeteners.” Replacement of sucrose with bulking agents can lead to the reduction of calories, glycemic index, as well as preventing dental cavities. Therefore, it is necessary to make suitable products for people suffering from diabetes; accordingly, formulations have been developed using sugar replacers.
Circ_0014130 is involved in the drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer through miR‐197‐3p/PFKFB3 axis
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Lijiang , Li Zheng , Lin Guanhong
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the world, with few treatments and a poor prognosis. In recent years, many circular RNAs have been studied in CRC, but the role of circ_0014130 in CRC has not been investigated. Therefore, this research is designed to investigate the impact of circ_0014130 on the resistance of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in CRC.

Methods

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to assess the expression of circ_0014130, microRNA‐197‐3p (miR‐197‐3p), and 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2, 6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). The expression of PFKFB3 protein was detected by Western blot. The effect of cric_0014130 on drug resistance in CRC was verified by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, clone formation assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry. The effect of circ_0014130 on tumor growth was evaluated by xenograft tumor model in vivo.

Results

Circ_0014130 and PFKFB3 were increased, while miR‐197‐3p was reversed in CRC tissues and cells. Knocking down circ_0014130 can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells, and reduced the IC50 of 5‐FU. In addition, miR‐197‐3p inhibitors reversed the effect of si‐circ_0014130 on CRC cells. Similarly, overexpression of PFKFB3 can regulate CRC cell behavior and 5‐FU resistance caused by miR‐197‐3p. Finally, decrease of circ_0014130 was demonstrated to enhance the resistance of 5‐FU in CRC tissues in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_0014130 modulates 5‐FU resistance in CRC by modulating the miR‐197‐3p/PFKFB3 axis, which is helpful for drug chemotherapy in CRC.
Usefulness of a mobile phone application for respiratory rate measurement in adult patients
Authors: Suzuki Ryuji , Takada Toshihiko , Takeshima Taro , Hayashi Michio , Miyashita Jun , Azuma Teruhisa , Usui Michiko , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Fukuma Shingo , Maehara Kazuhira , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: March 2022

Aims

Respiratory rate measurement is one of the core nursing skills for early detection of deterioration of a patient's condition. Nevertheless, it is sometimes bothersome to visually measure respiratory rate over 1 min. Respiratory rate measurement using a mobile phone application “RRate” has been reported to be accurate and completed in a short time. However, it has only been investigated in children. The aim of this study was to validate the “RRate” compared with the 1‐min method in adult patients.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study in the setting of a nursing school. Videos of the movement of the thorax during respiration of adult patients were made. Nursing students watched these videos and measured respiratory rate with each method. Bland–Altman analysis was used to calculate bias and limits of agreement. The times taken for the measurements were compared using a t test.

Results

A total of 59 nursing students participated. When compared to the reference measurement, the one measured using “RRate” and the one measured over 1 min showed a bias of 0.40 breaths per minute and 0.65 breaths per minute, limits of agreement of −2.86 to 3.67 breaths per minute and −2.11 to 3.41 breaths per minute, respectively. The mean measurement time for “RRate” was 22.8 s (95% CI 13.9–36.6), which was significantly shorter than the 65.8 s (95% CI 61.0–73.2) for the measurement over 1 min (p < .001).

Conclusions

Respiratory rate can be measured accurately in a shorter time using a mobile phone application in adult patients.
A customized long acting formulation of the kisspeptin analog C6 triggers ovulation in anestrus ewe
Authors: Salzano Giuseppina , Robert Vincent , Lomet Didier , Decourt Caroline , Hommet Elise , Derouin‐Tochon Flavie , Hellier Vincent , Savina Farah , Vishwanatha Thimmalapura‐Marulappa , Aucagne Vincent , Gref Ruxandra , Beltramo Massimiliano
Published: March 2022

The modulation of the kisspeptin system holds promise as a treatment for human reproductive disorders and for managing livestock breeding. The design of analogs has overcome some unfavorable properties of the endogenous ligands. However, for applications requiring a prolongation of drug activity, such as ovulation induction in the ewe during the non‐breeding season, additional improvement is required. To this aim, we designed and tested three formulations containing the kisspeptin analog C6. Two were based on polymeric nanoparticles (NP1 and NP2) and the third was based on hydrogels composed of a mixture of cyclodextrin polymers and dextran grafted with alkyl side chains (MD/pCD). Only the MD/pCD formulation prolonged C6 activity, as shown by monitoring luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma concentration (elevation duration 23.4 ± 6.1, 13.7 ± 4.7 and 12.0 ± 2.4 h for MD/pCD, NP1 and NP2, respectively). When compared with the free C6 (15 nmol/ewe), the formulated (MD/pCD) doses of 10, 15 and 30 nmol/ewe, but not the 90 nmol/ewe dose, provided a more gradual release of C6 as shown by an attenuated LH release during the first 6 h post‐treatment. When tested during the non‐breeding season without progestogen priming, only, the formulated 30 nmol/ewe dose triggered ovulation (50% of ewes). Hence, we showed that a formulation with an adapted action time would improve the efficacy of C6 with respect to inducing ovulation during the non‐breeding season. This result suggests that formulations containing a kisspeptin analog might find applications in the management of livestock reproduction but also point to the possibility of their use for the treatment of some human reproductive pathologies.
The estrous cycle and 17β‐estradiol modulate the electrophysiological properties of rat nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neurons
Authors: Krentzel Amanda A. , Proaño Stephanie B. , Dorris David M. , Setzer Beverly , Meitzen John
Published: March 2022

The nucleus accumbens core is a key nexus within the mammalian brain for integrating the premotor and limbic systems and regulating important cognitive functions such as motivated behaviors. Nucleus accumbens core functions show sex differences and are sensitive to the presence of hormones such as 17β‐estradiol (estradiol) in normal and pathological contexts. The primary neuron type of the nucleus accumbens core, the medium spiny neuron (MSN), exhibits sex differences in both intrinsic excitability and glutamatergic excitatory synapse electrophysiological properties. Here, we provide a review of recent literature showing how estradiol modulates rat nucleus accumbens core MSN electrophysiology within the context of the estrous cycle. We review the changes in MSN electrophysiological properties across the estrous cycle and how these changes can be mimicked in response to exogenous estradiol exposure. We discuss in detail recent findings regarding how acute estradiol exposure rapidly modulates excitatory synapse properties in nucleus accumbens core but not caudate‐putamen MSNs, which mirror the natural changes seen across estrous cycle phases. These recent insights demonstrate the strong impact of sex‐specific estradiol action upon nucleus accumbens core neuron electrophysiology.
Genital whitening with topical Cyperus rotundus oil enhances sexuality and quality of life
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Mohamed Mariam Lotfy
Published: March 2022

Background

Cyperus rotundus essential oil (CREO) is an anti‐inflammatory and depigmenting agent that helps treat hyperpigmentation.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depigmenting effect of CREO on genital hyperpigmentation to that of arbutin (ARB), and to evaluate the association between genital lightening, genital self‐image, sexual performance, and life quality.

Material and methods

Three hundred and eight healthy people were categorized into three groups: the CREO group, the ARB group, and the cold cream group (CC). In genital pigmentation, the tristimulus colorimeter is used to assess erythema and pigmentation. In addition, we aided in the development of the female genital self‐image scale (FGSIS‐4), the female sexual function index (FSFI), and the dermatology life quality index (DLQI).

Result

The reduction in genital hyperpigmentation was significantly greater in the CREO and ARB groups than in the CC group; in physician global assessment and patients’ self‐assessment, the results in treated bikini with the CREO and ARB groups were excellent when compared with the CC. Furthermore, no adverse effects were found in the CREO group, but mild irritation was found in the ARB group; additionally, the percentage of hair growth, color and luminance reduction, and hair thickness were significantly reduced in the CREO group only. In addition, there were significantly different in FGSIS, FSFI, and DLQI between the CREO and ARB groups and the CC group.

Conclusion

CREO is equivalently efficacious in decreasing pigmentation, inflammation, and hair growth in the genital area. Positive changes boost female genital self‐image, self‐esteem, and sexual performance. Improving sexual health has a positive impact on quality of life.
Genetic and observational evidence: No independent role for cholesterol efflux over static high‐density lipoprotein concentration measures in coronary heart disease risk assessment
Authors: Kuusisto Sanna , Karjalainen Minna K. , Tillin Therese , Kangas Antti J. , Holmes Michael V. , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma , Perola Markus , Chaturvedi Nishi , Salomaa Veikko , Raitakari Olli T. , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Kettunen Johannes , Ala‐Korpela Mika
Published: March 2022

Background

Observational findings for high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL‐CEC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) appear inconsistent, and knowledge of the genetic architecture of HDL‐CEC is limited.

Objectives

A large‐scale observational study on the associations of HDL‐CEC and other HDL‐related measures with CHD and the largest genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of HDL‐CEC.

Participants/methods

Six independent cohorts were included with follow‐up data for 14,438 participants to investigate the associations of HDL‐related measures with incident CHD (1,570 events). The GWAS of HDL‐CEC was carried out in 20,372 participants.

Results

HDL‐CEC did not associate with CHD when adjusted for traditional risk factors and HDL cholesterol (HDL‐C). In contradiction, almost all HDL‐related concentration measures associated consistently with CHD after corresponding adjustments. There were no genetic loci associated with HDL‐CEC independent of HDL‐C and triglycerides.

Conclusion

HDL‐CEC is not unequivocally associated with CHD in contrast to HDL‐C, apolipoprotein A‐I, and most of the HDL subclass particle concentrations.
Assessing District Policy Alignment with the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model in Connecticut, 2019 to 2020*
Authors: McKee Sarah L. , Thorne Taylor , Koslouski Jessica B. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Schwartz Marlene B.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model offers a comprehensive framework for creating safe, healthy, and supportive school environments. However, few studies to date have examined the degree to which school policies represent a comprehensive and integrated approach to this goal beyond nutrition and physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a baseline evaluation of the alignment of district‐level policies with the WSCC model within one state.

METHODS

Fifty‐four Connecticut public school districts' policies were evaluated using the WellSAT WSCC, a new measure of how well district‐level policies address topic areas within each domain of the WSCC model. The comprehensiveness and strength of each district's policies were calculated and then averaged across districts to assess areas of strength and need.

RESULTS

Districts' policies were most comprehensive in the domains of Social and Emotional Climate; Behavioral Supports (Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services); and Family Engagement. Policies were strongest for Safe Environment (Physical Environment); Behavioral Supports; and Health Services.

CONCLUSIONS

School district policy coverage of the WSCC model within Connecticut varies by domain and is often fragmented. Comprehensive and coordinated policies modeled from WSCC domains are needed to better support safe, healthy, and supportive school environments.
Plastid phylogenomics shed light on intergeneric relationships and spatiotemporal evolutionary history of Melocanninae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
Authors: Zhou Meng‐Yuan , Liu Jing‐Xia , Ma Peng‐Fei , Yang Jun‐Bo , Li De‐Zhu
Published: March 2022

Melocanninae is sister to other subtribes of Paleotropical woody bamboos with some 90 species mainly concentrated in Asia. However, phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe are poorly known. Here, we filled the gaps in complete plastome data of Melocanninae, reconstructed the phylogeny of Melocanninae, and further estimated divergence time and ancestral distribution range. Our results showed that the two major genera, Cephalostachyum Munro and Schizostachyum Nees, were paraphyletic. Species of Cephalostachyum were resolved in two successive basal clades, whereas Annamocalamus H. N. Nguyen, N. H. Xia, & V. T. Tran was embedded in the Schizostachyum clade. Different plastid regions provided inconsistent signals for the relationship of Melocanna and Pseudostachyum. Conservative loci supported a successive divergence rather than sister relationship between them and the difference may be caused by long‐branch attraction. We infer that Melocanninae originated in the East Himalaya to northern Myanmar in the early Miocene. Three routes were revealed in forming its present biogeographic pattern: in situ diversification on the Asian mainland, dispersing southwest to Sri Lanka and to the Western Ghats in South India, and spreading southeast to Malesia and Oceania by way of the Indo‐China Peninsula. The rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of Asian monsoons since the Miocene and the sea level fall events since the Late Miocene might be potential driving forces for diversification of Melocanninae and, particularly the latter event, for the species radiation of Schizostachyum.
Novel oxygen desaturation parameters are associated with cardiac troponin I: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project
Authors: Sigurdardottir Fjola D. , Øverby Caroline Tonje , Nikkonen Sami , Karhu Tuomas , Dammen Toril , Nordhus Inger Hilde , Thorshov Thea , Einvik Gunnar , Kainulainen Samu , Leppänen Timo , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Töyräs Juha , Omland Torbjørn , Hrubos‐Strøm Harald
Published: March 2022

Novel diagnostic markers for obstructive sleep apnea beyond the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) have been introduced. There are no studies on their association with markers of subclinical myocardial injury. We assessed the association between novel desaturation parameters and elevated cardiac troponin I and T. Participants with polysomnography (498) from the Akershus Sleep Apnea study were divided into normal and elevated biomarker groups based on sex‐specific concentration thresholds (cardiac troponin I: ≥4 ng/L for women, ≥6 ng/L for men; and cardiac troponin T: ≥7 ng/L for women, ≥8 ng/L for men). Severity of obstructive sleep apnea was evaluated with the AHI, oxygen desaturation index, total sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90), lowest oxygen saturation (Min SpO2%), and novel oxygen desaturation parameters: desaturation duration and desaturation severity. How the AHI and novel desaturation parameters predicted elevated cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T levels was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). Based on multivariable‐adjusted linear regression, the AHI (β = 0.004, p = 0.012), desaturation duration (β = 0.007, p = 0.004), and desaturation severity (β = 0.147, p = 0.002) were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T. T90 was associated with cardiac troponin I (β = 0.006, p = 0.009) and cardiac troponin T (β = 0.005, p = 0.007). The AUC for the AHI 0.592 (standard error 0.043) was not significantly different from the AUC of T90 (SD 0.640, p = 0.08), desaturation duration 0.609 (SD 0.044, p = 0.42) or desaturation severity 0.616 (SD 0.043, p = 0.26) in predicting myocardial injury as assessed by cardiac troponin I. Oxygen desaturation parameters and the AHI were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T levels. Novel oxygen desaturation parameters did not improve the prediction of subclinical myocardial injury compared to the AHI.
Police stops and adolescent sleep problems: findings from the UK millennium cohort study
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Testa Alexander
Published: March 2022

Youth‐police contact has been shown to undermine various facets of adolescent health and well‐being. The present study extends this body of research by assessing the association between police stops and sleep problems among a large, representative sample of adolescent in the UK (N = 11,200). The findings reveal youth–police contact was associated with all facets of sleep examined, including shorter sleep durations, longer sleep latency, and frequent mid‐sleep awakenings. Ancillary analyses of a subsample of youth using daily time‐use diaries (TUDs) largely corroborate these findings in the case of short sleep durations. Additionally, the odds of experiencing multiple sleep problems were greatest among youth who were arrested/taken into custody, but significant nonetheless even in the absence of arrest. These findings indicate the need for strategies and interventions among both public health practitioners and law enforcement that mitigate the adverse repercussions of police stops for adolescent sleep health.
Optimizing nursery diets for post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass: Growth performance, body composition, and feed utilization on open‐formulated and commercial starter diets
Authors: Alam Md Shah , Watanabe Wade O. , Carroll Patrick M. , Gabel Jennifer E.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to optimize nursery diets for post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass by evaluating growth performance, whole‐body proximate and fatty acid composition, and utilization of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)‐formulated and commercial diets under laboratory conditions. A feeding trial was conducted to compare two UNCW‐formulated diets (D1 and D2) for black sea bass (54% crude protein = CP and 14% crude lipid = CL) and two premium, commercial marine finfish fry diets, Otohime (Reed Mariculture Inc., Campbell, CA, CP = 48% and CL = 14%, CD3) and Gemma Diamond (Skretting, Nutreco, Canada, CP = 57%, CL = 15%, CD4). The UNCW‐formulated diet 1 (D1) contained high fish meal (FM, 40% of diet), whereas UNCW‐formulated diet 2 (D2) replaced 50% FM protein by high‐quality poultry by‐product meal (PBM) protein. Post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass (~0.60 g, d40ph) were stocked in each of sixteen 75‐L tanks at a density of 1 fish per L (75 per tank), with four replicate aquaria per treatment. Fish were fed four times per day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1600 h) to apparent satiation for 30 days. Final body weight (5.70–5.74), specific growth rate (7.40–7.45%/d), and percent body weight gain (834–848%) of fish fed the UNCW‐formulated D1 (FM‐based) and D2 (FM + PBM‐based) were higher (p < .05) than in fish fed the commercial diets CD3 and CD4 (4.66–5.21 g, 6.80–7.15%/d, and 668–756%, respectively). Feed intake (% body weight/d was significantly lower for fish fed commercial diet (CD4) (3.94) compared with fish fed CD3 (4.20), but feed intake for CD3 was not significantly different compared with the UNCW‐formulated diets D1 and D2 (4.10–4.12). Feed conversion ratios (0.76–0.82) were significantly higher for fish fed CD3 (0.82) than for fish fed D1 and CD4 (0.76). Survival was high (99–100%) in all diet treatments. Final whole‐body crude protein content (15.2 to 15.9% wet basis), moisture (68.9–69.6%), and ash (4.31–4.77%) showed no significant differences; however, whole‐body crude lipid was lower in fish fed CD3 (9.67%) than in fish fed the other diets (9.96–10.22%). Final whole‐body fatty acid composition reflected the diet composition. Higher feed consumption and growth of fish fed the UNCW‐formulated diets were attributed to a more optimal combination of marine (fish, squid, and krill meals), terrestrial plant (soybean meal) protein sources, and the addition of chemo‐attractants, which provided both higher nutritional quality and palatability. The study suggests that the species‐specific starter diets may improve growth performance and fingerling quality and may therefore lower production costs under intensive nursery conditions.
Predictive metabolomics of multiple Atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience
Authors: Dussarrat Thomas , Prigent Sylvain , Latorre Claudio , Bernillon Stéphane , Flandin Amélie , Díaz Francisca P. , Cassan Cédric , Van Delft Pierre , Jacob Daniel , Varala Kranthi , Joubes Jérôme , Gibon Yves , Rolin Dominique , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Pétriacq Pierre
Published: March 2022

Current crop yield of the best ideotypes is stagnating and threatened by climate change. In this scenario, understanding wild plant adaptations in extreme ecosystems offers an opportunity to learn about new mechanisms for resilience. Previous studies have shown species specificity for metabolites involved in plant adaptation to harsh environments.

Here, we combined multispecies ecological metabolomics and machine learning‐based generalized linear model predictions to link the metabolome to the plant environment in a set of 24 species belonging to 14 families growing along an altitudinal gradient in the Atacama Desert.

Thirty‐nine common compounds predicted the plant environment with 79% accuracy, thus establishing the plant metabolome as an excellent integrative predictor of environmental fluctuations. These metabolites were independent of the species and validated both statistically and biologically using an independent dataset from a different sampling year. Thereafter, using multiblock predictive regressions, metabolites were linked to climatic and edaphic stressors such as freezing temperature, water deficit and high solar irradiance.

These findings indicate that plants from different evolutionary trajectories use a generic metabolic toolkit to face extreme environments. These core metabolites, also present in agronomic species, provide a unique metabolic goldmine for improving crop performances under abiotic pressure.
On the hybrid origin of the C2Salsola divaricata agg. (Amaranthaceae) from C3 and C4 parental lineages
Authors: Tefarikis Delphine T. , Morales‐Briones Diego F. , Yang Ya , Edwards Gerald , Kadereit Gudrun
Published: March 2022

C2 photosynthesis is characterised using recapturing photorespiratory CO2 by RuBisCo in Kranz‐like cells and is therefore physiologically intermediate between C3 and C4 photosynthesis. C2 can be interpreted as an evolutionary precursor of C4 and/or as the result of hybridisation between a C3 and C4 lineage.

We compared the expression of photosynthetic traits among populations of the Salsola divaricata agg. (C2) from humid subtropical to arid habitats on the coasts of the Canary Islands and Morocco and subjected them to salt and drought treatments. We screened for enhanced C4‐like expression of traits related to habitat or treatment. We estimated species trees with a transcriptome dataset of Salsoleae and explored patterns of gene tree discordance. With phylogenetic networks and hybridisation analyses we tested for the hybrid origin of the Salsola divaricata agg.

We observed distinct independent variation of photosynthetic traits within and among populations and no clear evidence for selection towards C4‐like trait expression in more stressful habitats or treatments. We found reticulation and gene tree incongruence in Salsoleae supporting a putative hybrid origin of the Salsola divaricata agg.

C2 photosynthesis in the Salsola divaricata agg. combines traits inherited from its C3 and C4 parental lineages and seems evolutionarily stable, possibly well adapted to a wide climatic amplitude.
Effect of Substituents on the Photodynamic Action of Anthraquinones: EPR, Computational and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Sokkar Pandian , Babu Anish , Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan , Daison Felsis Angelene , Ramachandran Murugesan
Published: March 2022

Anthraquinone class of compounds possesses a broad spectrum of therapeutic applications. Cancer cell targeting ability, together with photogeneration of reactive oxygen species, renders anthraquinones an interesting class of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Screening of newer compounds for better singlet oxygen generation is of current interest to improve the practical usability in PDT. In this study, we investigate the photodynamic activity of nine commercially available anthraquinones, using EPR spectroscopy and computational techniques, to identify the role of substituents on singlet oxygen yield. Three anthraquinone derivatives, 1,5‐diaminoanthraquinone, 15‐dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,2,7‐trihydroxyanthraquinone, showed highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (0.21, 0.18 and 0.15, respectively) relative to Rose Bengal. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations indicate the singlet oxygen quantum yield of anthraquinones inversely correlate well with the excited singlet–triplet (S1‐T1) energy gap. Electron‐donating substituents present at positions 1, 2 and 5 of anthraquinone seem to reduce the S1‐T1 energy gap, facilitating inter‐system crossing and the production of singlet oxygen. This would greatly aid in the design of newer anthraquinone‐based photosensitizers. This study also highlights the suitability of 1,5‐diaminoanthraquinone for PDT applications as demonstrated by in vitro experiments of photoinduced DNA cleavage and photocytotoxicity in Dalton’s lymphoma ascites.
Pervasive fungicide resistance in Botrytis from strawberry in Norway: Identification of the grey mould pathogen and mutations
Authors: Nielsen Katherine A. G. , Skårn Magne N. , Strømeng Gunn Mari , Brurberg May Bente , Stensvand Arne
Published: March 2022

Control of grey mould, caused by Botrytis spp., is a major challenge in open field strawberry production. Botrytis was isolated from plant parts collected from 19 perennial strawberry fields with suspected fungicide resistance in the Agder region of Norway in 2016. Resistance to boscalid, pyraclostrobin and fenhexamid was high and found in 89.1%, 86.0% and 65.4% of conidia samples, respectively. Multiple fungicide resistance was common; 69.6% of conidia samples exhibited resistance to three or more fungicides. Botrytis group S and B. cinerea sensu stricto isolates were obtained from 19 and 16 fields, respectively. The sdhB, cytb, erg27 and mrr1 genes of a selection of isolates were examined for the presence of mutations known to confer fungicide resistance to boscalid, pyraclostrobin, fenhexamid and pyrimethanil plus fludioxonil, respectively. Allele‐specific PCR assays were developed for efficient detection of resistance‐conferring mutations in cytb. Among B. cinerea isolates, 84.7%, 86.3% and 61.3% had resistance‐conferring mutations in sdhB, cytb and erg27, respectively. A triplet deletion in mrr1, resulting in ΔL497, commonly associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype MDR1h, was detected in 29.2% of Botrytis group S isolates. High frequencies of resistance to several fungicides were also detected in Botrytis from both imported and domestically produced strawberry transplants. Fungicide resistance frequencies were not different among fields grouped by level of grey mould problem assessed by growers, indicating factors other than fungicide resistance contributed to control failure, a fact that has important implications for future management of grey mould.
Another brick in the wall. Immigration and electoral preferences: Direct evidence from state ballots
Authors: Bargain Olivier , Stephane Victor , Valette Jérôme
Published: March 2022

We study the impact of immigration on electoral outcomes at the census tract level in California between 2010 and 2018. Information on actual ballot propositions is used to investigate immigrant‐related motives underlying a shift in political preferences. A rise in immigration is associated with a decrease in the support for Democratic candidates and measures. This effect is driven by policies pertaining to redistribution, public good provision, and justice/crime. It is stronger when immigrants are less assimilated and originate from poor and culturally distant countries.
Revising the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index: Empirical Insights and Robustness
Authors: Alkire Sabina , Kanagaratnam Usha , Nogales Ricardo , Suppa Nicolai
Published: March 2022

The global Multidimensional Poverty Index, published annually since 2010, captures acute multidimensional poverty in the developing world. In 2018, five of its ten indicators were revised with the purpose of aligning the index to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) insofar as current data permit. This paper provides comprehensive analyses of the consequences of this revision from three perspectives. First, we thoroughly discuss new empirical insights for 105 countries in the developing world based on a data set including 8.78 million individual observations. Second, we analyze the robustness of country orderings to changes in key parameters, including the poverty cutoff and dimensional weights. Third, we compare the revised and the original specifications by implementing both on the same 105 national data sets. The country orderings in the revised specification are found to be robust to a range of plausible parametric alternatives. Largely, these country orderings are at least as robust as the original one.
Enablers and barriers in dental attendance in Rett syndrome: an international observational study
Authors: Lai Yvonne Yee Lok , Downs Jenny Anne , Wong Kingsley , Zafar Sobia , Walsh Laurence James , Leonard Helen Margaret
Published: March 2022

Aims

Intellectual and developmental disabilities are heterogeneous in aetiology and presentation, and one cannot make assumptions about the oral health barriers of those with Rett syndrome (RTT) based on findings from generic studies. This study investigated caregivers’ perceptions regarding access to dental care for those with (RTT), and associations of dental treatments received by those with RTT with their caregivers’ perceived value of oral health and perception of their own as well as their daughter's dental anxiety.

Methods and results

Retrospective observational data of a subset of individuals with confirmed MECP2 mutations in the InterRett database (n = 216) were used to explore caregiver‐related factors and their relationships with longitudinal data on dental service utilisation, using negative binomial regression. The main reported barriers to dental care access for individuals with RTT were primarily dentist‐related in nature, regardless of dental service history. Those with reported dental nonattendance were of older age. Increasing levels of caregiver‐reported dental fear were associated with less frequent dental check‐ups or for any appointments for affected individuals.

Conclusions

Dentist‐related barriers and caregiver‐reported anxiety may both adversely affect dental attendance for those with RTT. Future research should explore caregivers’ beliefs and oral health literacy.
Analysing Long Term Spatial Mobility Patterns of Individuals and Large Groups Using 3D‐GIS: A Sport Geographic Approach
Authors: Rauch Sebastian
Published: March 2022

Individual mobility and human patterns analyses is receiving increasing attention in numerous interdisciplinary studies and publications using the concept of time‐geography but is largely unknown to the subdiscipline of sports geography. Meanwhile the visualization and evaluation of large data of individual patterns are still a major challenge. While a qualitative, microscale view on spatial‐temporal topics is more common in today's pattern research using mostly 24h time intervals, this work examines a quantitative approach focusing on an extended period of life. This paper presents a combination of time‐geographic approaches with 3D‐geoinformation systems and demonstrates their value for analysing individual mobility by implementing a path‐homogeneity factor (HPA). Using the example of professional athletes, it is shown which groups display greater similarities in their career paths. While a high homogeneity suggests that groups make similar decisions through socially influenced processes, low values allow the assumption that external processes provide stronger, independent individual structures.