bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging Preflare Broadband Pulsations in the Decimetric-metric Wavelengths
Authors: Lv Maoshui , Tan Baolin , Zheng Ruisheng , Wu Zhao , Wang Bing , Kong Xiangliang , Chen Yao
Published: June 2023

Preflare activities contain critical information about the precursors and causes of solar eruptions. Here we investigate the characteristics and origin of a group of broadband pulsations (BBPs) in the decimetric-metric wavelengths that took place during the preflare stage of the M7.1 flare on 2011 September 24. The event was recorded by multiple solar instruments, including the Nançay Radioheliograh, that measure the properties of the radio source. The BBPs started ∼24 minutes before the flare onset, extending from <360 to above 800 MHz without a discernible spectral drift. The BBPs consisted of two stages. During the first stage, the main source remained stationary, and during the second stage, it moved outward along with a steepening extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave driven by the eruption of a high-temperature structure. In both stages, we observe frequent EUV brightenings and jets originating from the flare region. During the second stage, the BBPs became more frequent and stronger in general, and the polarization level gradually increased from <20% to >60% in the right-handed sense. These observations indicate that the steepening EUV wave is important to the BBPs during the second stage, while the preflare reconnections causing the jets and EUV brightenings are important in both stages. This is the first time that such a strong association of an EUV wave with BBPs is reported. We suggest a scenario in which reconnection occurs together with a shock that sweeps across the loops as the cause of the BBPs.
CEERS Spectroscopic Confirmation of NIRCam-selected z ≳ 8 Galaxy Candidates with JWST/NIRSpec: Initial Characterization of Their Properties
Authors: Fujimoto Seiji , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Larson Rebecca L. , Burgarella Denis , Bagley Micaela B. , Behroozi Peter , Chworowsky Katherine , Hirschmann Michaela , Trump Jonathan R. , Wilkins Stephen M. , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Koekemoer Anton M. , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Ferguson Henry C. , Fontana Adriano , Grogin Norman A. , Grazian Andrea , Kewley Lisa J. , Kocevski Dale D. , Lotz Jennifer M. , Pentericci Laura , Ravindranath Swara , Somerville Rachel S. , Wilkins Stephen M. , Amorín Ricardo O. , Backhaus Bren E. , Calabrò Antonello , Casey Caitlin M. , Cooper M. C. , Fernández Vital , Franco Maximilien , Giavalisco Mauro , Hathi Nimish P. , Harish Santosh , Hutchison Taylor A. , Iyer Kartheik G. , Jung Intae , Lucas Ray A. , Zavala Jorge A.
Published: June 2023

We present JWST NIRSpec spectroscopy for 11 galaxy candidates with photometric redshifts of z ≃ 9 − 13 and M
UV ∈ [ −21, −18] newly identified in NIRCam images in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. We confirm emission line redshifts for 7 galaxies at z = 7.762–8.998 using spectra at ∼1–5 μm either with the NIRSpec prism or its three medium-resolution (R ∼ 1000) gratings. For z ≃ 9 photometric candidates, we achieve a high confirmation rate of ≃90%, which validates the classical dropout selection from NIRCam photometry. No robust emission lines are identified in three galaxy candidates at z > 10, where the strong [O iii] and Hβ lines would be redshifted beyond the wavelength range observed by NIRSpec, and the Lyα continuum break is not detected with the sensitivity of the current data. Compared with Hubble Space Telescope-selected bright galaxies (M
UV ≃ −22) that are similarly spectroscopically confirmed at z ≃ 8 − 9, these NIRCam-selected galaxies are characterized by lower star formation rates (SFRs; SFR ≃ 4 M
⊙ yr−1) and lower stellar masses (≃108
M
⊙), but with higher specific SFR (≃40 Gyr−1), higher [O iii]+Hβ equivalent widths (≃1100 Å), and elevated production efficiency of ionizing photons (

log
(

ξ

ion

/

Hz

erg

−
1

)
≃
25.8

) induced by young stellar populations (<10 Myr) accounting for ≃20% of the galaxy mass, highlighting the key contribution of faint galaxies to cosmic reionization. Taking advantage of the homogeneous selection and sensitivity, we also investigate metallicity and ISM conditions with empirical calibrations using the [O iii]5008/Hβ ratio. We find that galaxies at z ≃ 8 − 9 have higher SFRs and lower metallicities than galaxies at similar stellar masses at z ≃ 2 − 6, which is generally consistent with the current galaxy formation and evolution models.
The Universe is at Most 88% Neutral at z = 10.6
Authors: Bruton Sean , Lin Yu-Heng , Scarlata Claudia , Hayes Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

Recent observations of GN-z11 with JWST have revealed a Lyα emission line with an equivalent width (EW) of 18 ± 2 Å. At z = 10.6, this galaxy is expected to lie in the heart of reionization. We use a series of inhomogeneous reionization simulations to derive the distribution of the Lyα EW after traveling through the neutral intergalactic medium with varying average neutral gas fraction, x
H I. We use these distributions to place an upper limit of x
H I < 0.88 at z = 10.6 at 95% confidence level. We compare our upper limit to different reionization history models, which include the recently identified enhancement at the bright end of the luminosity function at z > 8. We find that models in which faint galaxies have a higher escape fraction compared to bright galaxies are favored by the new data.
Beyond Gaussian Noise: A Generalized Approach to Likelihood Analysis with Non-Gaussian Noise
Authors: Legin Ronan , Adam Alexandre , Hezaveh Yashar , Perreault-Levasseur Laurence
Published: June 2023

Likelihood analysis is typically limited to normally distributed noise due to the difficulty of determining the probability density function of complex, high-dimensional, non-Gaussian, and anisotropic noise. This is a major limitation for precision measurements in many domains of science, including astrophysics, for example, for the analysis of the cosmic microwave background, gravitational waves, gravitational lensing, and exoplanets. This work presents Score-based LIkelihood Characterization, a framework that resolves this issue by building a data-driven noise model using a set of noise realizations from observations. We show that the approach produces unbiased and precise likelihoods even in the presence of highly non-Gaussian correlated and spatially varying noise. We use diffusion generative models to estimate the gradient of the probability density of noise with respect to data elements. In combination with the Jacobian of the physical model of the signal, we use Langevin sampling to produce independent samples from the unbiased likelihood. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method using real data from the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope.
Clarifying the Optical Thin-lens Equations of Gravitational Self-lensing
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Laycock Silas G. T.
Published: June 2023

We exploit an analogy between gravitational lenses and optical lenses to determine the Gaussian form of the optical thin-lens equation of gravitational self-lensing (this is not the deflection-angle equation which is also called the “ray-tracing equation”). As in magnifying glasses, this Gaussian form determines the location of the virtual image in front of the lens and behind the source. Some confusion exists in the literature because a similar-looking equation of totally different substance is often written down, creating the false impression that this may be the equivalent optical lens equation. Although dimensionally correct and quite useful, this imitating form is misleading, as it masks a compound rate that should instead have always been visible. We clarify all related concepts, so that the readers will save themselves the unpleasant experience of reinterpreting/reclassifying the various self-lensing equations, including the new optical forms derived herein.
Performance of five serological tests in the diagnosis of visceral and cryptic leishmaniasis: a comparative study
Authors: Maritati Martina , Trentini Alessandro , Michel Gregory , Hanau Stefania , Guarino Matteo , De Giorgio Roberto , Pomares Christelle , Marty Pierre , Contini Carlo
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a major health problem and its diagnosis still represents a challenge. Since consistent evidence on the comparison of serological methods is lacking, our work aims to compare five serological tests for the diagnosis of visceral and asymptomatic leishmaniasis in southern France, a region where leishmaniasis is endemic.
Methodology: Serum samples from 75 patients living in Nice, France were retrospectively analyzed. They included patients affected by visceral leishmaniasis (VL; n = 25), asymptomatic carriers (AC; n = 25) and negative controls (n = 25). Each sample was tested using two immunochromatographic tests (ICT; IT LEISH® and TruQuick IgG/IgM®), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and two Western Blotting (WB; LDBio BIORAD® and an in-house method).
Results: Diagnosis of VL with IFAT and TruQuick® showed the highest diagnostic performance parameters. IFAT had 100% sensitivity and specificity, while TruQuick had 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Finally, the two tests showed high accuracy (100% for IFAT and 98% for TruQuick) for the AC group. WB LDBio® was the only method able to detect Leishmania latent infection, with a sensitivity of 92%, and a specificity of 100%, with a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 93%. This performance is reflected in the high accuracy of the test.
Conclusions: The data obtained with TruQuick® supports its application in the rapid diagnosis of leishmaniasis in endemic areas, a feature not shown by IFAT despite its high diagnostic performance. Regarding the diagnosis of asymptomatic leishmaniasis, the best results were obtained with WB LDBio®, confirming previous studies.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children aged 12-14 years: A cross-sectional study from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Authors: Akhtar Naushaba , Dash Girish Chandra , Kumawat Archana , Parai Debaprasad , Choudhary Hari Ram , Mohanta Amiya Ranjan , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Universal coverage of COVID-19 vaccines is of paramount importance for the prevention and control of the pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten global health threats. The study aims to find out the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among school children along with their parent’s perspectives.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children (aged 12-14 years) at two schools in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected via web-based links using a semi-structured questionnaire among students and their parents.
Results: Of 343 children, 79% (271) showed a strong willingness to get vaccinated. Around 91.8% (315) of parents agreed to get their children vaccinated. Fear of side effects (65.2%) was the most common reason for unwillingness.
Conclusions: With only 1/5th of the children not willing to get vaccinated, policymakers should create a multi-centric effort for the universal coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination.
Understanding variations in diarrhea management across healthcare facilities in Bangladesh: a formative qualitative study
Authors: Elshabassi Nour , Garbern Stephanie C , Rosen Rochelle K , Gainey Monique , Nasrin Sabiha , Alam Nur H , Sultana Sufia , Hasnin Tahmida , Levine Adam C
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Acute diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with over 6.3 billion cases and 1.3 million deaths annually. Despite the existence of standardized guidelines for diarrhea management, wide variability in clinical practice exists, particularly in resource-limited settings. The goal of this study was to qualitatively explore how diarrhea management in Bangladesh varies according to resource availability, clinical setting, and provider roles.
Methodology: This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional qualitative study conducted in three diverse hospital settings (district hospital, subdistrict hospital, and specialty diarrhea research hospital) in Bangladesh. A total of eight focus group discussions with nurses and physicians were conducted. Applied thematic analysis was used to identify themes regarding variations in diarrhea management.
Results: Of the 27 focus group participants, 14 were nurses and 13 doctors; 15 worked in a private diarrhea specialty hospital and 12 worked in government district or subdistrict hospitals. Several key themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis: 1) priorities in the clinical assessment of diarrhea 2) use of guidelines versus clinical judgment; 3) variability in clinician roles and between clinical settings influences care delivery; 4) impact of resource availability on diarrhea management; and 5) perceptions of community health workers’ role in diarrhea management.
Conclusions: Findings from this study may aid in informing interventions to improve and standardize diarrhea management in resource-constrained settings. Resource availability, practices regarding diarrhea assessment and treatment, provider experience, and variability in provider roles are essential considerations when developing clinical tools in low- and middle- income countries.
The investigation of antibacterial activity of hyperlight fluid fusion subcellular essential complex
Authors: Tambur Zoran Z , Aleksić Ema DJ , Čabrilo Lazić Milana P , Opačić Dolores N , Kalevski Katarina D , Puletić Miljan Z , Avramov Stevan N , Biočanin Vladimir M
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the possibility of applying the hyperlight fluid fusion essential complex in dental plaque control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of new and modern agents used for the prevention and early treatment of gingivitis.
Methodology: The study included 60 subjects randomly divided into two groups. The control group was assigned to 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse, whereas the test group used a solution based on hyper-harmonized hydroxylated fullerene water complex (3HFWC), twice daily for 2 weeks. The plaque, gingivitis and bleeding scores were evaluated and recorded. Collected plaque samples were seeded on blood agar and incubated aerobically at a temperature of 37 °C for 24-48 hours. In order to isolate anaerobic bacteria, samples were seeded on Schaedler Agar and incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for seven days. Serial dilutions in saline from 101 - 106 were made, and grown colonies were counted and identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) system.
Results: The reduction in the number of bacteria was significant in both control and test groups. The reduction was greater in the control group compared to the experimental group, but without statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: 3HFWC treatment causes significant reduction in the number of dental plaque microorganisms. Since 3HFWC solution exhibited a bacteriostatic effect similar to chlorhexidine it could be an adequate addition to solution of a growing problem in prevention and early treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Pre- and post-COVID-19 antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens, a comparative study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Taleb Mohammed H , Elmanama Abdelraouf A , Taleb Alaa H , Tawfick Mahmoud M
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural evolutionary process in bacteria that is accelerated by selection pressure from the frequent and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to determine the variations in AMR patterns of priority bacterial pathogens at a tertiary care hospital in the Gaza Strip during pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: This is a retrospective observational study to determine the AMR patterns of bacterial pathogens at a tertiary hospital in the Gaza Strip in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Positive-bacterial culture data of 2039 samples from pre-COVID-19 period and 1827 samples from post-COVID-19 period were obtained from microbiology laboratory records. These data were analysed and compared by Chi square test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Program.
Results: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent in both study periods. The overall AMR rate was high. There was a statistically significant increase in resistance to cloxacillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the post-COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19 period. There was also a significant decrease in resistance to cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, doxycycline, rifampicin, vancomycin and meropenem in the post-COVID-19 period.
Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the AMR rates of restricted and noncommunity-used antimicrobials declined. However, there was an increase in AMR to antimicrobials used without medical prescription. Therefore, restriction on the sale of antimicrobial drugs by community pharmacies without a prescription, hospital antimicrobial stewardship and awareness about the dangers of extensive use of antibiotics are recommended.
Oreocharis × qianshanensis (Gesneriaceae), a new natural hybrid from Qianshan City, Anhui, China
Authors: Ma Haijun , Zhou Shoubiao , Ding Li
Published: June 2023

Oreocharis × qianshanensis, a new natural hybrid that belongs to Gesneriaceae, is described and illustrated. Morphological evidences hint it is an interspecific hybrid of O. auricula and O.chienii. Further, molecular studies also showed that O. × qianshanensis arose from a hybridization between the maternal O. auricula and the paternal O. chienii. In this report, the morphology, chloroplast genome, and geographic distribution of O. × qianshanensis are documented.
Four new species of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Halonoproctidae and Theraphosidae) from the Colombian Pacific region (Bahía Solano, Chocó)
Authors: Echeverri Mariana , Gómez Torres Sebastián , Pinel Nicolás , Perafán Carlos
Published: June 2023

The Colombian Pacific coast is an amazing natural region, immersed in one of the most unknown biodiversity hotspots in the world. An expedition carried out in the north of this area, at the Jardín Botánico del Pacífico (JBP) in Bahía Solano, Chocó, focused on studying the diversity of the mygalomorph spider fauna, allowed us to discover four new species included in the families Halonoproctidae and Theraphosidae. The trapdoor species Ummidia solanasp. nov., and the theraphosids species Euthycaelus cunampiasp. nov. (Schismatothelinae), Melloina pacificasp. nov. (Glabropelmatinae), and Neischnocolus mecanasp. nov. (Theraphosinae) are illustrated, diagnosed, and described in detail. Photographs of somatic features and copulatory organs and a distribution map are provided. Morphological, taxonomical, and biogeographical aspects are discussed for each species. All these taxonomic novelties represent the first records of these genera for the region, expanding the range of geographic distribution of each of them. This work constitutes the first effort focused on characterizing the community of Mygalomorphae species in the Chocó Biogeographic Region.
An insight into the biomaterials used in craniofacial tissue engineering inclusive of regenerative dentistry
Authors: Taori Tanishka , Borle Anjali , Maheshwari Shefali , Reche Amit
Published: June 2023

Craniofacial tissue-engineered techniques have significantly improved over the past 20 years as a result of developments in engineering and in material science. The regeneration of the craniofacial tissue is frequently complicated due to the craniofacial region's complexity, which includes bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and neurovascular bundles. It is now possible to construct tissues in the lab using scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals. For bone repair/augmentation, the biomaterials are classified into natural like “collagen, fibrin, alginate, silk, hyaluronate, chitosan” and synthetic like “polyethyleneglycol, poly-e-caprolactone, polyglycolic acid” and some bioceramics “tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and the bioactive glasses” along with metals certain (Titanium and Zirconia ) and as this is part of advanced tissue engineering in dentistry there are some bioactive restorative materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine. The newer advanced techniques like 3D printed templates present a framework for achieving the three pillars of tissue engineering: healing, rebuilding and rejuvenation. The field of tissue engineering has recently become interested in 3D printing, also known as “Additive Manufacturing”, which is a ground-breaking technique that allows for the printing of patient-specific scaffolds, medical devices, multiscale, biomimetic/intricate cytoarchitecture/function-structure hierarchies and multicellular tissues in complex microenvironments. Biopolymers use is dependent on meeting the criteria for various scaffolds, including mechanical integrity, thermal stability, chemical composition, along with biological properties. Researchers have developed a revolutionary 4D bioprinting technique using cell traction forces and they are used to develop intricate dynamic structures, smart medical devices, or complex human organs.
A conservative exponential integrators method for fractional conservative differential equations
Authors: Fu Yayun , Shi Mengyue
Published: June 2023

The paper constructs a conservative Fourier pseudo-spectral scheme for some conservative fractional partial differential equations. The scheme is obtained by using the exponential time difference averaged vector field method to approximate the time direction and applying the Fourier pseudo-spectral method to discretize the fractional Laplacian operator so that the FFT technique can be used to reduce the computational complexity in long-time simulations. In addition, the developed scheme can be applied to solve fractional Hamiltonian differential equations because the scheme constructed is built upon the general Hamiltonian form of the equations. The conservation and accuracy of the scheme are demonstrated by solving the fractional Schrödinger equation.
Robust optimization of train scheduling with consideration of response actions to primary and secondary risks
Authors: Ghanbari Shirin Ramezan , Afshar-Nadjafi Behrouz , Sabzehparvar Majid
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, with the rapid development of rail transportation systems, passenger demand and the possibility of the risks occurring in this industry have increased. These conditions cause uncertainty in passenger demand and the development of adverse impacts as a result of risks, which put the assurance of precise planning in jeopardy. To deal with uncertainty and lessen negative impacts, robust optimization of the train scheduling problem in the presence of risks is crucial. A two-stage mixed integer programming model is suggested in this study. In the first stage, the objective of the nominal train scheduling problem is to minimize the total travel time function and optimally determine the decision variables of the train timetables and the number of train stops. A robust optimization model is developed in the second stage with the aim of minimizing unsatisfied demand and reducing passenger dissatisfaction. Additionally, programming is carried out and the set of optimal risk response actions is identified in the proposed approach for the presence of primary and secondary risks in the train scheduling problem. A real-world example is provided to demonstrate the model's effectiveness and to compare the developed models. The results demonstrate that secondary risk plays a significant role in the process of optimal response actions selection. Furthermore, in the face of uncertainty, robust solutions can significantly and effectively minimize unsatisfied demand by a slightly rise in the travel time and the number of stops obtained from the nominal problem.
Consensus et allants de soi dans les formes d’opérationnalisation de l’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre
Authors: Miribel Julien de , Sido Xavier
Published: June 2023

Cet article questionne des formes d’opérationnalisation de l’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre (EEE). Ce faisant, il discute trois dimensions implicites sur lesquelles reposent les principes pédagogiques privilégiés dans les démarches d’EEE : l’activité, le concret et le projet. Le texte examine trois dispositifs déployés dans l’enseignement secondaire et supérieur. Dans un contexte marqué par la volonté des pouvoirs publics de développer l’entrepreneuriat, la recherche présentée vise en extension à contribuer à l’analyse des tensions dans les relations entre éducation-formation et travail.
L’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre appelle des enseignant·es entreprenant·es : une assertion à questionner ?
Authors: Pepin Matthias , Maigret† Jean-Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Pour développer l’esprit d’entreprendre des élèves, un consensus émergent dans la littérature scientifique laisse entendre que les enseignant·es devraient préalablement acquérir ce même esprit et, dès lors, développer les compétences qui lui sont liées. Or, si les compétences liées à l’esprit d’entreprendre sont probablement utiles à l’enseignant·e, on peut douter qu’elles constituent un socle suffisant pour accompagner pédagogiquement le développement de ces mêmes compétences chez les élèves. En partant de ce qui caractérise le projet entrepreneurial, comme pratique pédagogique associée à l’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre, cet article se propose de repérer les compétences professionnelles enseignantes nécessaires pour faciliter le développement de l’esprit d’entreprendre des élèves. Par là même, cette recherche questionne la formation initiale et continue des enseignant·es relative à l’éducation à l’esprit d’entreprendre.
La pratique réflexive de Camille comme stratégie de développement dans une démarche innovante : l’accompagnement pédagogique professionnel (AcPéP). Étude de cas de l’activité professionnelle d’une enseignante primaire
Authors: Mettraux Richard
Published: June 2023

L’étude de cas présentée dans le cadre de cet article vise une finalité double. D’une part, elle cherche à comprendre la progression d’une jeune enseignante du canton de Fribourg (Suisse) – Camille – en difficulté dans l’exercice de son métier. D’autre part, elle vise à mettre en lumière la démarche d’accompagnement innovante (AcPéP) qui a permis d’accompagner l’enseignante dans son processus de changement. Dans une perspective d’analyse critique, appréhendant le travail comme une production de soi qui participe en retour à la construction de soi, l’intention de notre article réside dans l’éclairage de ce co-cheminement comme un processus d’élucidation entre l’accompagnateur et la personne accompagnée.
Chronique de l’activité de la Défenseure des droits en matière de lutte contre les discriminations (Octobre 2021 – Octobre 2022)
Authors: Badré Lalie , Berlemont-Collombel Eric , Mazille Mathilde , Vassetizadeh-Dourandish Mathieu
Published: June 2023

D’octobre 2021 à octobre 2022, l’activité de la Défenseure des droits en matière de discrimination a été jalonnée de nombreux rapports et règlements amiables. Ceux-ci montrent une fois encore que l’origine, comme le genre ou l’âge peuvent constituer des obstacles dans l’accès aux droits, aux biens et aux services ainsi qu’à l’emploi. Par ses différents travaux, la DDD pointe ainsi les insuffisances tant des politiques publiques que du cadre juridique, lesquelles renforcent - si ce n’est créent – les discriminations constatées.
Strengthening Supply Chain Management Through Technology
Authors: Sridharan A. , Kumar Sunita
Published: June 2023

The removal of trade barriers with the advent of WTO and which led to LPG (liberalization, privatization, and globalization) across the universe increased choices of brands for consumers and even the complexity of products within organization and the expectations of consumers rising daily. Organizations look for better management of their supply chain from “end to end,” i.e., sourcing of raw materials from vendors to delivering finished products at the doorstep of consumers. This means businesses that used to be ‘operations hubs' within the company have moved into the epicenter of business innovation, and this process can not be done manually or by few people within organizations, thus the need to back up business innovations and product complexities through advanced technologies. Using sensors like RFID, CRM, AI, and ML, organizations today collect information at every checkpoint from status of raw materials flow to the location of finished goods. Supply chain management is the process of planning and implementing the operations of the sourcing of quality materials at competitive cost. This chapter explores strengthening supply chain management through technology.
Socio-Technical Systems Engineering Perspectives Towards a South African Halaal Blockchain System
Authors: Quazi Tahmid Al-Mumit , Patel Sulaiman Saleem
Published: June 2023

Blockchain is an emerging technology and part of the fourth industrial revolution. Its ability to improve transparency and traceability has found many supply chain applications, including the Halaal supply chain (defining a Halaal blockchain system). The religious roots of the Halaal status makes the Halaal blockchain system inherently socio-technical. This chapter first conceptualises the Halaal blockchain system using a socio-technical systems framework, and then analyses the system in the South African context. The analysis discusses the interconnected relationships between people, culture, goals, infrastructure, technology, and processes within the external environment of stakeholders, regulatory frameworks, and financial/economic circumstances. Challenges towards implementing a Halaal blockchain system in South Africa are discussed along with potential impacts for the communities. The study concludes by identifying open research areas that require further investigation to realise a Halaal blockchain system implementation in South Africa.
Time Stamp and Immutability as Key Factors for the Application of Blockchain in the Cultural Sector
Authors: Clemente Laura , Bifulco Francesco
Published: June 2023

In recent years, blockchain, a new and potentially disruptive technology, has come to the fore. Despite its widespread use in several fields, it is in the cultural sector that it can offer numerous advantages. The implementation of a blockchain system could make the traditional art market less opaque by recording data on an encrypted and immutable register, and its use could also improve the circulation of works of art, encourage their collection, and promote a new form of ownership. This chapter highlights the features of blockchain that make it suitable for the management and enhancement of cultural heritage, considering the different fields of application as well as the way in which it can be integrated to support the sale and management of cultural assets and to develop new business models for cultural and creative firms.
Deployment of Blockchain Technologies in Africa
Authors: Ngassam Martial Tangui Kadji , Babei Jean , Biloa Serge Guy
Published: June 2023

The problem of this chapter is to understand how technological developments, in particular blockchain applications, affect the performance of the supply chains of companies based in Cameroon. This work will allow us to analyze the conditions for the success of the deployment of the supply chain in Cameroon in a dynamic of improving its performance. The empirical research carried out consisted in carrying out 18 semi-structured interviews lasting an average of 60 minutes with actors in the supply chain sector in Cameroon. The researchers adopted a qualitative type methodology based on a thematic content analysis. The results obtained are of two kinds: on the one hand, the results related to the challenges and conditions of success of the blockchain; and on the other hand, the results related to the contribution of the blockchain to the performance of the supply chains in Cameroon.
Implementation of Internet of Things With Blockchain Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Manoharan Hariprasath , Manoharan Abirami , Selvarajan Shitharth , Venkatachalam K.
Published: June 2023

In recent days, all networks are connected by internet and all people around the world are able to control things in their remote locations. Even though these technologies have been used only by selected people, it is definite in the future that all people will use this technology and they will move towards building smart cities, homes, and industries. However, when advanced technologies are created, people always worry about security when they move towards smart environment. If the internet is connected to their home then much valuable information in their home can also be sent through smart devices. Therefore, for this IoT-based technology, a blockchain-based method can be introduced where more security for data transfer process can be provided. Also, these technologies have to work efficiently by integrating a new artificial intelligence-based machine learning algorithm. Therefore, for this, a deep learning model will be integrated, thus providing effective data transfer from transmitter to receiver.
Managerialism and Leadership
Authors: Klikauer Thomas
Published: June 2023

The term managerialism has been used for a long time. Yet, managerialism lacks theory development and models explaining how it spreads through organizations and how it is linked to management leadership. In recent years, several conceptual frameworks of managerialism have been constructed. These enable the building of managerialism models and connecting them to managerial leadership. Three key models of managerialism have been developed: (1) organizational model, (2) global model, and (3) trident model. This chapter explains these models and links them to managerial leadership. Developing a conceptual model of managerialism might allow us to ascertain the impact of managerialism on organizations, workers, and the environment. They may provide preliminary elements in the development of a theory of managerialism. The link between these models and managerial leadership is discussed by highlighting two versions of managerial leaders: corporate apparatchiks and the apostles of managerialism. This is applied to managerial leadership working in two distinctly different spheres.
Ethical Leadership and Its Impact on Employee Well-Being
Authors: Shrivastava Reshma , Siddiqui Imran Nadeem , Ashraf Gazala Yasmin
Published: June 2023

Though ethical leadership and the well-being of employees have been important topics of discussion for research in recent years, just a few studies have looked at the impact of ethical leadership on employee well-being. This chapter aims to examine the effect of ethical leadership on the well-being of employees in the manufacturing firm and to examine the mediating role of employee engagement. The purposive sampling method was used to collect the data through a structured questionnaire, and a total of 264 responses were collected, which were analyzed on Smart PLS version 3.3.2. The findings suggest that there exists a strong correlation between EL and EWB. Also, there is a strong mediation of EE on the relationship between EE and EWB. The theory builds upon and suggests a strong mediating relationship between EL and EWB when EE acts as a mediator. The finding also suggests that the employees can be engaged in an organization to improve performance through EL.
Positive Impact of Leaders' Dark Triad Personality Traits in Uncertain Times
Authors: Mishra Gunjan , Shrivastava Shaivi , Bandhopadhyay Mrityunjay , Bajaj Navisha , Mishra Sakshi , Dani Tarannum Sarwar
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of a leader is determined by their leadership skills. Although each leader has their own distinct style, there are a few commonly known forms of leadership, including transformational, transactional, democratic, servant, and charismatic authority leadership. Contrarily, the dark triad, which includes the personality traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, is a dark personality trait. Even though these characteristics of dark triad can cause personality disorders, they somehow improve a leader's ability in a crisis. Secondary data have been gathered through a variety of techniques to support the former mentioned statement. According to the findings, dark traits are positively correlated with effective leadership outcomes and crisis management and decision making, in whole or in part.
Revenge Travel
Authors: Agrawal Charul , Duggal Taranjeet , Gupta Parul
Published: June 2023

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the people and their lives have been affected. The social distancing norms and the hygiene issues completely broke down the travel and tourism sector and people forgot what holidays and vacations were. Then came the period when the clutches of virus loosened and so did the lockdown, and people got an opportunity to open their windows and step out of their homes. Trapped under boredom and fatigue due to pandemic, people wanted to visit more, spend more on their holidays and trips, and thus emerged the concept of revenge tourism. Not only domestically, this phenomenon was observed globally when people flocked to nearby tourist destinations to ease their psychological stress as and when restrictions on lockdown were lifted. Revenge tourism is a recent phenomenon that is fueled by the monotony and the boredom faced by the people during the lockdowns imposed on them. The desire to participate in such a practice has been accentuated by the strict health rules and prolonged home traps.
The Migrantour Experience at Porta Palazzo and Barriera di Milano
Authors: Offredi Rodriguez Adriana Maria
Published: June 2023

Migrantour contributes to spreading a culture of respect for the human rights of migrant communities in European cities by encouraging interactions of mutual respect between people with different origins. Since 2009, it has involved over 11,000 participants in the intercultural itineraries and more than 300 people as intercultural companions. Currently, new projects are under implementation to promote its methodology in rural areas and new cities. Thus, as it will be explained in the chapter, it can represent a successful study case where tourism contributes positively to human rights within the frame of interculturalism. The contribution is a part of a broader study examining the experience of Migrantour in Porta Palazzo and Barriera di Milano, two neighborhoods of the Italian town of Turin, under different grounds. The aim is to further contribute to the debate about the implications of the transformation of intercultural neighbourhoods into places of leisure and consumption for migrant communities.
Personality and Psychological Predictors of Instagram Personalized Ad Avoidance
Authors: Amarnath Debora Dhanya , Jaidev Uma Pricilda
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to apply the meta-theoretical model of motivation and personality (3M) of Mowen to study consumers' ad avoidance in the context of online personalized advertisements on Instagram. The current study developed a theoretical framework that links personality traits with reactance arousal and ad avoidance behaviours. Based on the data analysis, it was found that consumers with higher general self-efficacy tend to have more reactance arousal (situational level trait) compared to ad irritation, ad skepticism (surface traits), and ad avoidance behaviours towards personalized advertising on Instagram. The findings will help advertisers and marketers in segmenting the market better based on young users' efficacy levels, navigational habits, personality traits, functional motives, and demographic variables to effectively reach the targeted consumers.
Energy-Dependent Impact of Proton Irradiation on 4H-SiC Schottky Diodes
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Belanche Guadas Manuel , Für Natalija , Guzenko Luka , Woerle Judith , Bathen Marianne Etzelmüller , Grossner Ulrike
Published: June 2023

In this work, the impact of 200 MeV proton irradiation at a fluence of 6 × 1012 cm−2 on the forward characteristics and the breakdown behaviour of nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) Schottky barrier diodes is explored. An improvement in the ideality factor, reduction in the threshold voltage, and an increase in the breakdown voltage is observed post irradiation. Point defects induced by the irradiation are likely responsible for the observed effects. Deep Level transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed on the irradiated Schottky diodes to analyse the defects created during the irradiation and gauge their potential role in changing the diode behavior. The defects induced by the high-energy protons were compared to those formed by low-energy proton irradiation at 1.8 MeV to a fluence of 1 × 1012 cm−2. Finally, consecutive DLTS measurements were performed after a series of reverse bias anneals at low temperatures from 350-700 K to explore the annealing behaviour of the defects induced by the proton irradiations.
Strength Analysis of ST 41 Steel as Propeller Shaft with Quenching Heat Treatment and Tempering after Carburizing Carbon Media Variations
Authors: Budiarto Untung , Yudo Hartono , Adani Difa , Muhammad Andi Haris , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: June 2023

ST 41 steel is a low carbon steel which can be used for propeller shafts because it is categorized as a carbon steel permitted by BKI with a tensile strength requirement of 400 to 800 N/mm2. The propeller shaft deteriorates due to its surface frequently rubbing against the bearings. Carburizing is a technique used to increase the surface hardness by heating the specimen in a closed container containing mixture of carbon and a catalyst. The main objective of the subsequent quenching and tempering processes is to increase toughness and ductility while eliminating residual stresses. The achieved results are based on tests conducted on ST 41 steel with a measured carbon layer thickness of 229.12 μm, namely coal carbon media. Based on the results of wear tests, coal carbon media possesses a minimum value of 6.38287E-05 mm2/kg. In torsional testing, the maximum shear stress value for carbon media made from coconut shell charcoal is 429.79 MPa. When measuring hardness, coal carbon media has the highest value, which is 340.918 VHN. And metallographic testing shows that pearlite is the main phase in coal carbon media. The media with the most carbon is coal carbon, which 0.729% on the surface of the steel. Keywords: St 41 Steel, Carburizing, Wear, Hardness, Torsion, Chemical Composition, Micrograph.
P-Type Impurities in 4H-SiC Calculated Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Smith Niamh , Weger Magdalena , Pobegen Gregor , Shluger Alexander L.
Published: June 2023

We have investigated the p-dopant potential of 14 different impurities (Be, B, F, Mg, Al,Ca, Sc, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Ba, Pt, and Tl) within 4H-SiC via Density Functional Theory (DFT) calcu-lations using a hybrid density functional. We analyse the incorporation energies of impurity atomson Si and C sites as well as the character of lattice distortion induced by impurities. The calculatedthermal ionization energies confirm that Al and Ga on the Si site are the best candidates for p-dopingof 4H-SiC. Although we find some correlation of incorporation energies with atomic radii of impuri-ties, the difference in chemical interaction with neighbouring atoms and strong lattice distortions playimportant roles in determining the impurity incorporation energies and charge transition levels. Wefind Al to still be the best and most industrially viable p-dopant for 4H-SiC.
Reliability of SiC MOSFET Power Modules under Consecutive H3TRB and Power Cycling Stress
Authors: Hoffmann Felix , Schmitt Stefan , Kaminski Nando
Published: June 2023

Power semiconductor modules are subject to both thermo-mechanical stress and electro-chemical stress during field operation. Usually, those stressors are investigated separately and possible interaction of both degradation mechanisms is neglected. In this work, the effect of combined thermo-mechanical and electro-chemical stress is investigated by means of consecutive H3TRB and PCT testing. One test group had been subjected to power cycling before the H3TRB test was performed, while another test group had been exposed to H3TRB stress before the power cycling test. As a reference, devices without preconditioning were tested in both, H3TRB and power cycling and are also used to compare the H3TRB and power cycling performance of the SiC devices to similar silicon devices. The results show, that the SiC devices feature a significantly better H3TRB performance than comparable silicon devices, but are inferior in terms of power cycling performance. Furthermore, the results for both test groups of the combined tests indicate that the failure modes for the previously stressed devices were the same as for the pristine devices and no impact of either preceding stress on the devices' lifetime could be observed. Therefore, the results of this work suggest no interaction between both stressors, at least not for the devices used for this investigation.
Determination of Elastic Constants of Cross-Laminated Bamboo (CLB) through Non-Destructive Testing
Authors: Carrasco E.V.M. , Ramos Fernando Murilo Gontijo , Moura L.G. , Okubo L.N. , Ferreira O.C.P. , Pinto B.M.O. , Rodrigues Francisco Carlos
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is the evaluation by non-destructive impulse excitation tests, the modulus of elasticity (E) and the transversal deformation modulus (G) of cross laminated bamboo (CLB). Tests were performed on twenty-three CLB specimens measuring: 12 mm (height), 40 mm (width) and 12 mm (length). Twelve specimens have two lamellas with fibers at 0 °, longitudinal direction, and one layer with fibers at 90 °, normal direction (N) and the other eleven specimens have two layers in the normal direction and one in the longitudinal direction (L). The tests were performed using the Sonelastic apparatus indicated for the estimation of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the damping of materials by the impulse excitation technique. A software attached to the apparatus analyzes the acoustic wave generated, and from it, the dynamic modulus of elasticity is determined. In order to verify the significance of this estimation, semi-destructive, three-point bending tests were performed in a universal test machine, determining E and G. It was concluded that the estimation of the modulus of elasticity is very significant when compared with the semi-destructive tests, and this method can be used to estimate the elasticity modulus of the CLB with high precision (R2 = 99% and p-value <0.001). Modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction were five times larger than those in the normal direction.