bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QE Auctions of Treasury Bonds
Authors: Song Zhaogang , Zhu Haoxiang
Published: August 2019

The Federal Reserve (Fed) uses a unique auction mechanism to purchase U.S. Treasury securities in implementing its quantitative easing (QE) policy. In this paper, we study the outcomes of QE auctions and participating dealers' bidding behaviors from November 2010 to September 2011, during which the Fed purchased $780 billion Treasury securities. Our data include the transaction prices and quantities of each traded bond in each auction, as well as dealers' identities. We find that: (1) In QE auctions the Fed tends to exclude bonds that are liquid and on special, but among included bonds, purchase volumes gravitate toward more liquid bonds (2) The auction costs are low on average: the Fed pays around 0.7 cents per $100 par value above the secondary market ask price on auction dates (3) The heterogeneity of Fed's costs across bonds relates to their liquidity and specialness, suggesting that dealers respond to both valuation and information uncertainties (4) Dealers exhibit strong heterogeneity in their participation, trading volumes, and profits in QE auctions (5) Auction bidding variables forecast bond returns only one day after the auction, suggesting that dealers have price-relevant information but the information decays quickly.
Low Frequency Effects of Macroeconomic News on Government Bond Yields
Authors: Altavilla Carlo , Giannone Domenico , Modugno Michele
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes the reaction of the U.S. Treasury bond market to innovations in macroeconomic fundamentals. We identify these innovations with macroeconomic news, defined as differences between the actual releases and their market expectations. We show that macroeconomic news explain about one-third of the low frequency (quarterly) fluctuations of long-term bond yields. When focusing on the high frequency (daily) movements this share decreases to one-tenth. This result is due to the fact that macro news have a persistent effect on the yield curve. Non-fundamental factors, instead, substantially influence the day-to-day movements of bond yields but their effects are shorter-living and mean-reverting.
Limited Deposit Insurance Coverage and Bank Competition
Authors: Shy Oz , Stenbacka Rune , Yankov Vladimir
Published: August 2019

Deposit insurance schemes in many countries place a limit on the coverage of deposits in each bank. However, no limits are placed on the number of accounts held with different banks. Therefore, under limited deposit insurance, some consumers open accounts with different banks to achieve higher or full deposit insurance coverage. We compare three regimes of deposit insurance: No deposit insurance, unlimited deposit insurance, and limited deposit insurance. We show that limited deposit insurance weakens competition among banks and reduces total welfare relative to no or unlimited deposit insurance.
Precautionary Volatility and Asset Prices
Authors: Chen Andrew Y.
Published: August 2019

Many theories of asset prices assume time-varying uncertainty in order to generate time-varying risk premia. This paper generates time-varying uncertainty endogenously, through precautionary saving dynamics. Precautionary motives prescribe that, in bad times, next period's consumption should be very sensitive to news. This time-varying sensitivity results in time-varying consumption volatility. Production makes this channel visible, and external habit preferences amplify it. An estimated model featuring this channel quantitatively accounts for excess return and dividend predictability regressions. It also matches the first two moments of excess equity returns, the risk-free rate, and the second moments of consumption, output, and investment.
Do Creditor Rights Increase Employment Risk? Evidence from Debt Covenants
Authors: Falato Antonio , Liang J. Nellie
Published: August 2019

Using a regression discontinuity design, we provide evidence that incentive conflicts between firms and their creditors have a large impact on employees. There are sharp and substantial employment cuts following loan covenant violations, when creditors exercise their ex post control rights. The negative impact of violations on employment is stronger for firms that face more severe agency and financing frictions and those whose employees have weaker bargaining power. Employment cuts following violations are much larger during industry and macroeconomic downturns, when employees have fewer alternative job opportunities and reduced bargaining power. Union elections that create new labor bargaining units lead to higher loan spreads, consistent with creditors requiring compensation for their reduced control rights when labor is stronger. Overall, these findings enrich our understanding of the consequences of the state contingent transfer of control rights by identifying a risk-shifting channel from creditors to employees. Our analysis establishes an endogeneity-free link between financing frictions and employment and offers direct evidence that binding financial covenants are an important amplification mechanism of economic downturns.
Credit Status and College Investment: Implications for Student Loan Policies
Authors: Ionescu Felicia , Simpson Nicole B.
Published: August 2019

The private market for student loans has become an important source of college financing in the United States. Unlike government student loans, the terms on student loans in the private market are based on credit status. We quantify the importance of the private market for student loans and of credit status for college investment in a general equilibrium heterogeneous life-cycle economy. We find that students with good credit status invest in more college education (compared to those with bad credit status) and that this effect is more pronounced for low-income students. Furthermore, results suggest that the relationship between credit status and college investment has important policy implications. Specifically, when borrowing limits in the government student loan program are relaxed (as implemented in 2008), college investment increases, but so does the riskiness of the pool of borrowers, leading to higher default rates in the private market for student loans. When general equilibrium effects are accounted for, the welfare gains experienced from a more generous government student loan program are negated. This compares to budget-neutral tuition subsidies that increase college investment and welfare.
Reconstruction Multipliers
Authors: Porcelli Francesco , Trezzi Riccardo
Published: August 2019

A law issued to allocate reconstruction grants following the 2009 "Aquilano" earthquake has resulted in a large and unanticipated discontinuity across municipalities with comparable damages. Using diff-in-diff analysis we estimate the "local spending" and the "local tax" multipliers - according to the composition of the stimulus - controlling for the negative supply shock generated by the event. The stimulus prevented a fall in economic activity and the multiplicative effects of tax cuts are estimated much higher than those of spending. Our results underline the importance of countercyclical fiscal interventions and suggest the most effective composition of such a stimulus.
Returning to the Nest: Debt and Parental Co-Residence Among Young Adults
Authors: Dettling Lisa J. , Hsu Joanne W.
Published: August 2019

A law issued to allocate reconstruction grants following the 2009 "Aquilano" earthquake has resulted in a large and unanticipated discontinuity across municipalities with comparable damages. Using diff-in-diff analysis we estimate the "local spending" and the "local tax" multipliers - according to the composition of the stimulus - controlling for the negative supply shock generated by the event. The stimulus prevented a fall in economic activity and the multiplicative effects of tax cuts are estimated much higher than those of spending. Our results underline the importance of countercyclical fiscal interventions and suggest the most effective composition of such a stimulus.
Bank Liquidity and Capital Regulation in General Equilibrium
Authors: Covas Francisco , Driscoll John C.
Published: August 2019

We develop a nonlinear dynamic general equilibrium model with a banking sector and use it to study the macroeconomic impact of introducing a minimum liquidity standard for banks on top of existing capital adequacy requirements. The model generates a distribution of bank sizes arising from differences in banks' ability to generate revenue from loans and from occasionally binding capital and liquidity constraints. Under our baseline calibration, imposing a liquidity requirement would lead to a steady-state decrease of about 3 percent in the amount of loans made, an increase in banks' holdings of securities of at least 6 percent, a fall in the interest rate on securities of a few basis points, and a decline in output of about 0.3 percent. Our results are sensitive to the supply of safe assets: the larger the supply of such securities, the smaller the macroeconomic impact of introducing a minimum liquidity standard for banks, all else being equal. Finally, we show that relaxing the liquidity requirement under a situation of financial stress dampens the response of output to aggregate shocks.
Does Education Loan Debt Influence Household Financial Distress? An Assessment Using the 2007-09 SCF Panel
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey P. , Bricker Jesse
Published: August 2019

This paper uses the recent 2007-09 SCF panel to examine the influence of student loans on financial distress. Families with student loans in 2007 have higher levels of financial distress than families without such loans, and these families were more susceptible to transitions to financial distress during the early stages of the Great Recession. This correlation persists once we control for a host of other demographic, work-status, and household balance sheet measures. Families with an average level of student loans were 3.1 percentage points more likely to be 60 days late paying bills and 3 percentage points more likely to be denied credit. During this same time period, families with other types of consumer debt were no more or less likely to be financially distressed. Education loans enable students to go to college and improve their employment and earnings prospects. On average, families with education loans in the 2007-09 SCF saw higher income growth between surveys. Further, the value of completing a degree is evident in the data: families without a degree but with education debt drive much of the correlations between financial distress and education loans.
The Ins and Outs of Mortgage Debt During the Housing Boom and Bust
Authors: Bhutta Neil
Published: August 2019

From 1999 to 2013, U.S. mortgage debt doubled and then contracted sharply. Our understanding of the factors driving this volatility in the stock of debt is hampered by a lack of data on mortgage flows. Using comprehensive, individual-level panel data on consumer liabilities, I estimate detailed mortgage inflows and outflows. During the boom, inflows from real estate investors tripled, far outpacing growth from other segments such as first-time homebuyers. During the bust, although defaults and deleveraging are popular explanations for the debt decline, a collapse in inflows has been the major driver. Inflow declines across counties have been associated not just with house price declines, but also with rising unemployment and higher minority population shares. Finally, inflow declines reflect, in part, a dramatic decline in first-time homebuying. First-time homebuying fell among both high and low credit score individuals, but much more precipitously for low score individuals. Further analysis suggests that the differential decline by credit score likely reflects markedly tightened credit supply.
Pricing Decisions in an Experimental Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Economy
Authors: Noussair Charles , Pfajfar Damjan , Zsiros Janos
Published: August 2019

We construct experimental economies, populated with human subjects, with a structure based on a nonlinear version of the New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. We analyze the behavior of firms' pricing decisions in four different experimental economies. We consider how well the experimental data conform to a number of accepted empirical stylized facts. Pricing patterns mostly conform to these patterns. Most price changes are positive, and inflation is strongly correlated with average magnitude, but not the frequency, of price changes. Prices are affected negatively by the productivity shock and positively by the output gap. Lagged real interest rate has a negative effect on prices, unless human subjects choose the interest rate, or firms sell perfect substitutes in the output market. There is inertia in price setting, firms integrate wage increases into their prices, and there is evidence of adaptive behavior in price-setting in our laboratory economy. The hazard function for price changes, however, is upward-sloping, in contrast to most empirical studies.
Identifying the Stance of Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound: A Markov-Switching Estimation Exploiting Monetary-Fiscal Policy Interdependence
Authors: Gonzalez-Astudillo Manuel
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I propose an econometric technique to estimate a Markov-switching Taylor rule subject to the zero lower bound of interest rates. I show that incorporating a Tobit-like specification allows to obtain consistent estimators. More importantly, I show that linking the switching of the Taylor rule coefficients to the switching of the coefficients of an auxiliary uncensored Markov-switching regression improves the identification of an otherwise unidentifiable prevalent monetary regime. To illustrate the proposed estimation technique, I use U.S. quarterly data spanning 1960:1-2013:4. The chosen auxiliary Markov-switching regression is a fiscal policy rule where federal revenues react to debt and the output gap. Results show that there is evidence of policy co-movements with debt-stabilizing fiscal policy more likely accompanying active monetary policy, and vice versa.
Limited Deposit Insurance Coverage and Bank Competition
Authors: Shy Oz , Stenbacka Rune , Yankov Vladimir
Published: August 2019

Deposit insurance designs in many countries place a limit on the coverage of deposits in each bank. However, no limits are placed on the number of accounts held with different banks. Therefore, under limited deposit insurance, some consumers open accounts with different banks to achieve higher or full deposit insurance coverage. We compare three regimes of deposit insurance: No deposit insurance, unlimited deposit insurance, and limited deposit insurance. We show that limited deposit insurance weakens competition among banks and reduces total welfare relative to no or unlimited deposit insurance.
Effect of Sheep’s Milk Composition on Strength and Syneresis of Rennet-Induced Milk Gel During Lactation
Authors: Rako Ante , Tudor Kalit Milna , Kalit Samir
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the effects of raw sheep’s milk composition on the strength and syneresis of obtained gels throughout the lactation. Casein, fat and total solids content, as well as ionic calcium mass fraction significantly (p<0.05) increased during lactation. As lactation progressed, milk formed firmer gel with higher syneresis ability. Increasing casein to fat ratio in sheep’s milk significantly increased (p<0.05) gel strength and syneresis. On the other hand, gel strength and syneresis were significantly reduced as a result of increased fat content in sheep’s milk. Ionic calcium mass fraction affected gel strength but not syneresis. Neither gel strength nor syneresis were affected by casein and urea content or by somatic cell count in sheep’s milk. Correlation coefficients between milk components and gel strength, as well as syneresis, were significant (p<0.01, p<0.05) but never higher than 0.35.
SPOR YAPAN VE YAPMAYAN LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOSYAL BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ISPARTA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SALİCİ Olcay , KOCA Mehmet Emin
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı; spor yapan ve yapmayan lise öğrencilerinin sosyal beceri
düzeylerinin çeşitli etkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya yaş
ortalaması 16,84 (Ss±0,98) olan 60 kadın, 120 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 180
lise öğrencisi katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Riggio (1986) tarafından
geliştirilmiş olan ve Yüksel (1998) tarafından dil geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği
yapılmış olan Sosyal Beceri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. 90 maddeden ve 6 alt
boyuttan oluşan ölçekte, alt boyutları oluşturan sorular belirlenirken Yüksel (2004)
tarafından yapılan faktör analizi sonuçları dikkate alınmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach’s
Alpha test istatistiği, 0,93 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan ikili
karşılaştırmalarda SPSS programı T-testi ve gurup sayısının ikiden fazla olduğu
karşılaştırmalarda ise tek yönlü varyans analizi One-way Anova testi
kullanılmıştır. Grup ortalamalarının arasındaki farkı belirlemek için ise Tukey
testinden faydalanılmıştır. Toplam sosyal beceri puan ortalamaları ile alt
boyutlara ait puan ortalamaları bakımından yapılan T-testi sonucunda Duyuşsal
Duyarlılık boyutunda cinsiyetler arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmuştur.
Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin kardeş sayılarına bağlı olarak sosyal beceri
düzeylerinde anlamlı fark tespit edilememiştir. Sosyal duyarlılık hariç diğer
tüm boyutlar bakımından annenin eğitim durumu seviye ortalamaları arasındaki
farklar istatistik olarak önemlidir. Toplanan veriler analiz edildiğinde,
Isparta ilinde öğrenim gören lise düzeyindeki erkek öğrencilerin sosyal beceri
düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu, annenin eğitim durumunun yüksek olmasının ise
öğrencilerin sosyal becerilerini olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
EFFECTS OF SERVE TYPE, POSITION, AND GENDER ON THE SERVE SPEED OF ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: ÇINAR MEDENİ Özge , AKARÇEŞME Cengiz , ÇEREZCİ Senay , ÖZÜNLÜ PEKYAVAŞ Nihan , ÇOLAKOĞLU Fatma Filiz , BALTACI Gül
Published: August 2019

Jump
service is a powerful serve type and produces greater power output in
volleyball. Among serve types, the speed of JT serves is the fastest. This study
included 120 female and 134 male volleyball players. In total, male players
performed 3296 serves (jump topspin (JT)=1546, jump float (JF)=1745, tennis=5)
while females performed 2872 serves (JT=163, JF=2163, tennis=546) over several
volleyball games. Serve speeds were measured with a radar gun. A χ2 test
was performed to analyze differences in the distribution of serve types used by
male and female volleyball players. Comparisons were performed via analysis of
variance to detect the effect of gender, player position, and serve type on
serve speed. Serve types used by female and male players were different
(p<0.05). The interaction of gender, player position, and serve type on
serve speed was significant (F(6,6166)=70.622, p<0.0001). The
main effects of gender, player position, and serve type were also significant
(F(1,6166)=22.848, p<0.0001; F(3,6166)=4.369 ,p=0.004;
and F(2,6166)=150.916, p<0.0001, respectively). Males produced
more powerful serves than their female counterparts (p < 0.001l). The speeds
of JT serves were higher than those of JF serves among males (p < 0.0001).Females
preferred JF serve instead of SS which was found to be most used serve type in
previous studies. The characteristics of female volleyball are changing to a
powerful game style. Female opposites should be trained to improve their JT and
JF serves because their serve speeds were generally lower than those of other
female players.
Источники преобладающих взглядов на вопросы защиты прав интеллектуальной собственности
Authors: Морин Жан-Фредерик
Published: August 2019

Проанализированы взгляды участников переговорных процессов на вопросы охраны прав на интеллектуальную собственность, а также факторы, влияющие на данные факторы: страна рождения (развитая, развивающаяся), количество лет обучения в вузе и в какой стране (развитой, развивающейся), область профессиональной деятельности и стаж практической работы, повышение квалификации и т.д., с тем, чтобы помочь принимающим решения специалистам понять причины различий взглядов (максималистских и минималистских) на проблемы защиты названных прав.
Elektrik alanın DNA Hasarı ve Beyin Dokusu Üzerine Etkileri - Astaksantin’in Rolü
Authors: ASLANKOÇ Rahime , KAVRIK Oğuzhan , ÖZMEN Özlem
Published: August 2019

Özet

Bu çalışmada, uzun süreli elektrik alan
(EA) maruziyetinin lenfosit DNA hasarı ve beyin dokusu üzerine etkilerini
araştırmayı amaçladık. Doğal bir karetonoid pigmenti olan astaksantin’in (AST)
EA’nın zararlı etkilerini azaltabileceğini düşündük. Çalışmada, 30 adet Wistar Albino (3-4 aylık) dişi
sıçanlar kullanıldı. Sıçanlar her grupta 10 hayvan olmak üzere rastgele üç
gruba ayrıldı; Grup I (Kontrol), Grup II (EA uygulanan grup - 10 kV/m EA, 30
gün, günde 23 saat), Grup III (EA+AST tedavi grubu - 10 kV/m EA, 30 gün, günde
23 saat + 100 mg/kg/gün AST, 30 gün,
gavaj). Sıçanlar deney sonunda sakrifiye edildi. Kan ve beyin dokusu
biyokimyasal analizler için toplandı. Kan dokuda comet assay yöntemi ile
lenfosit DNA hasarı analizi, beyin dokuda malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi,
süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) enzim aktiviteleri çalışıldı. EA
uygulanan grupta kontrol grubuna göre MDA ve comet skoru yüksek bulundu. AST
uygulanan grupta EA grubuna göre MDA ve comet skoru azalırken SOD ve CAT enzim
aktiviteleri arttı. Çalışma sonuçları EA’ın kan dokuda lenfosit DNA hasarına ve
beyin dokuda oksidatif strese neden olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca AST tedavisinin
lenfosit DNA hasarını ve oksidatif stresi azalttığını gösterdi.
High Molecular Weight DNA Extraction from Recalcitrant Plant Species for Third Generation Sequencing v1
Authors: Workman Rachael , Fedak Renee , Timp Winston
Published: August 2019

Single molecule sequencing requires optimized sample and library preparation protocols to obtain long-read lengths and high sequencing yields. Numerous protocols exist for the extraction of DNA from plant species, but the genomic DNA from these extractions is either too low yield, of insufficient purity for sensitive sequencing platforms, e.g. nanopore sequencing, too fragmented to achieve long reads, or otherwise unattainable from recalcitrant adult tissue. This renders many plant sequencing projects cost prohibitive or methodologically intractable. Existing protocols are also labor intensive, taking days to complete. Our protocol described here yields micrograms of high molecular weight gDNA from a single gram of adult or seedling leaf tissue in only a few hours, and produces high quality sequencing libraries for the Oxford Nanopore system, with typical yields ranging from 3-10 Gb per R9.4.1 flowcell and producing reads averaging 5-8 kb, with read length N50s ranging from 6-30 kb depending on the style of library preparation (details in sequencing outcomes section), and maximum lengths extending up to 200 kb+.
Analysis of the Seismicity in the Jalisco Block from June to December 2015
Authors: Marín‐Mesa Tatiana , Núñez‐Cornú Francisco J. , Suárez‐Plascencia Carlos
Published: August 2019

We present the first study of seismicity in the region of the Jalisco Block using data recorded by the Jalisco Seismic Accelerometric Telemetric Network between June and December 2015. During this period, 683 local earthquakes with magnitudes between 1.0<ML≤4.0 were identified and relocated with Hypo71PC. From this catalog, we identify a heterogeneous hypocentral distribution with six continental crustal seismogenic areas. We also observed seismicity associated with the subduction process that extends 180 km from the Mesoamerican trench, which suggests an estimated dip angle of the slab between 22° and 31°. A subtle dip also suggests oblique subduction toward the Colima rift zone and bending of the Rivera plate. These observations are in agreement with previous partial regional studies using local seismic networks. Two seismic swarms were observed in this period, one in the Bahia de Banderas seismogenic zone, and a second in the Guadalajara Metropolitan zone. We note two areas on the northern coast of Jalisco with meager rates of seismicity.
Eficacia e ineficacia de la comunicación horizontal en los movimientos sociales. Caso análisis: “oposiciones justas en Cataluña 2011”
Authors: Echazarreta Carmen , Vinyals Manel , Gema Martín Teresa
Published: August 2019

Las redes sociales están generando un amplio entramado de comunicaciones, a distintos niveles y con distintos objetivos. En este artículo analizamos un caso concreto, fruto de la observación y el seguimiento de un grupo creado para la defensa de unas oposiciones justas para el acceso a la función pública de docentes para educación secundaria. Se trata de un grupo creado como reacción a una serie de posibles irregularidades. Interesa observar tanto la creación del grupo, como las distintas fases que sigue la evolución, muy ligada a la efectividad de los procesos de comunicación, y la vinculación de estos últimos a las posibilidades de acción y resolución del conflicto que existe en la base del grupo.
Los blogs corporativos en las empresas españolas. Uso y papel que desempeñan en la estrategia comunicativa ante la irrupción de las redes sociales
Authors: Navarro Ruiz Cristina
Published: August 2019

Desde su nacimiento, la llamada web 2.0 o web social ha puesto a disposición de las empresas un arsenal de herramientas que, por primera vez, pueden hacer realidad las promesas de diálogo, transparencia, consenso y entendimiento mutuo con los públicos, meta hacia la que deben avanzar. Debido a su carácter pionero en el ámbito de la comunicación online, los blogs ofrecen una interesante perspectiva a la hora de analizar el papel que están jugando las nuevas tecnologías dentro de la estrategia de comunicación de las empresas, su evolución y las transformaciones que han experimentado tras el estallido de las redes sociales.En definitiva, este estudio trata de explicar la forma en que los profesionales de las relaciones públicas han incorporado las bitácoras; cómo desarrollan sucapacidad interactiva y dialógica; cómo encajan los blogs en el plan de relaciones públicas; cuáles son sus ventajas e inconvenientes respecto a otros medios; qué departamento dentro de la empresa se encarga de su gestión y cuáles son sus perspectivas de futuro ante la rápida penetración de las redes sociales.
Herramientas Mágicas / Word Magic Tools de Word Magic Software (Word Magic Tools 2000 Deluxe 2.1)
Authors: Cancelo Pablo
Published: August 2019

Reseña: Herramientas Mágicas / Word Magic Tools de Word Magic Software (Word Magic Tools 2000 Deluxe 2.1).
El Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) y la Ley Estatutaria de Salud (LES)
Authors: Prieto Ávila Cesar Augusto
Published: August 2019

A propósito del debate nacional abierto sobre las decenas de iniciativas planteadas en el PND radicado ante el Congreso Nacional, podemos intentar un análisis académico sobre lo relacionado con los que nos incumbe, el tema de la Salud.

Digamos antes que nada que La ley 1751 de 2015 (conocida como LES) aprobada por el congreso así como la Sentencia de la Corte Constitucional sobre la revisión de constitucionalidad de la misma, se constituyen en uno de los adelantos más significativos que puede registrar la historia de la Seguridad Social Colombiana en los últimos cien años de vida política, pues se resaltan puntos fundamentales que surgen como cambios básicos y estructurales del actual Sistema Nacional de Salud que rige desde 1993, dándole rango constitucional a conceptos tan importantes como el cambio del sistema de aseguramiento por el de un verdadero sistema nacional de salud, en el cual es el Estado el único responsable de garantizar el derecho fundamental a la salud como un derecho individual y colectivo e irrenunciable de todos los habitantes del país sin intermediación y sin la intervención de capitales privados.

Es conveniente hacer algunas anotaciones con respecto a la Ley, ya que se considera que la sentencia de la Corte Constitucional no desvirtúa el espíritu de la ley, sino que, por el contrario, le imprime mayor consistencia de tipo jurídico y produce un cambio trascendental en la legislatura constitucional del país. La reforma fundamental es que se cambia un sistema de aseguramiento por un verdadero Sistema Nacional de Salud. La Corte además reafirma en varios apartes de la Ley la naturaleza de los dineros utilizados en el Sistema de Salud al enfatizar que son “recursos públicos asignados a la salud”, es un precedente muy importante para la lucha contra la corrupción.
LETALIDADE E SUPERENCARCERAMENTO: encadeamento de efeitos sociais em discursos e práticas no Sistema Penal Maranhense
Authors: Silva Isabella Miranda
Published: August 2019

Com o objetivo de problematizar e de normalizar o papel dos atores do sistema de justiça criminal no contexto letal do superencarceramento, o estudo analisa documentos públicos utilizados para contextualizar as mortes de 2013 no complexo penitenciário de Pedrinhas, em São Luís, sob a perspectiva teórica da Criminologia Crítica. Por meio da orientação metodológica da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC), as análises realizadas, cotejadas com as teorias e perspectivas epistemológicas que conduziram o estudo, permitiram concluir que a articulação entre massacre e burocracia é o que sustenta a falta de escândalo com a supressão de direitos e, consequentemente, com as mortes estudadas.Palavras-chave: Mortes. Complexo Penitenciário de Pedrinhas. Discursos. Prática social. Criminalização.
O FRACASSO DAS PRÁTICAS ESTATAIS COMO SUA JUSTIFICATIVA: Projetos de Policiais-Professores na Cidade de Deus
Authors: Motta Luana Dias
Published: August 2019

Este texto problematiza os esforços estatais de conter o conflito contemporâneo nas margens urbanas, a partir de um caso empírico: projetos conduzidos por policiais militares cedidos pela Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora da Cidade de Deus. A partir de etnografia que acompanhou a rotina desses policiais-professores e em diálogo com uma perspectiva desessencializada do Estado, argumento que as explicações para os problemas das favelas estão assentadas no que seriam as características da comunidade. Essas características explicariam a manutenção dos problemas sociais e da violência, a despeito dos projetos. Nessa narrativa, muito comum nas políticas para pobres, oblitera-se uma reflexão sobre a concepção e a implementação da política. A ineficácia dos projetos emerge como um indicador de quão difícil é,  à comunidade, fazer do fracasso a justificativa para a manutenção dessas mesmas políticas.Palavras-chave: Projetos sociais. Policiais militares. Conflito urbano. Pobreza. Violência.
VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO: expressões e vivências de mulheres brasileiras migrantes em Portugal
Authors: Dias Marly de Jesus Sá , Ramos Maria Natália Pereira
Published: August 2019

O artigo traz considerações sobre a violência de gênero tendo em vista a apreensão de suas expressões e vivências em mulheres brasileiras que se encontram na condição de migrantes residentes em Portugal. Com base em aportes teóricos, documentais e empíricos, subsidiados por um estudo de caso realizado de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, discute o complexo fenômeno da migração e os desafios que imprime para as mulheres, dado que depende de uma série de condições materiais e sociais concretas, cujas ausências conformam obstáculos para acessar direitos básicos, ao mesmo tempo em que pode expô-las a violações que ferem a dignidade humana e configuram violências de gênero. Conclui que a condição de imigrante, sob determinadas circunstâncias nas quais se incluem pertenças como gênero, etnia/cultura, classe social, podem contribuir para violências de gênero que faz das mulheres vítimas recorrentes.Palavras-chave: Violências. Gênero. Mulheres. Migração.
Sintesis de Zeolitas utilizando como materia prima lodos de los procesos de anodizado de aluminio
Authors: Peñafiel-Villarreal Fausto , Martínez-Mañez Ramón
Published: August 2019

Se encontró, por absorción atómica y escaneado electrónico de barrido concentraciones entre 25,3% y 39,45 % de aluminio, además de sodio, magnesio, calcio y silicio en los lodos de anodizado de aluminio de una industria que opera en Ecuador. Por lo tanto el objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar a nivel de laboratorio, la posibilidad de utilizar estos residuos como fuente de precursores en la síntesis de zeolitas.

Utilizando una solución de hidróxido de sodio en concentraciones 0,5M, 1,0 M, 1,5 M, 2,0 M, 2,5 M y 3,0 M en mezcla con Na2SiO3 hidratado, se ajustó la composición química de 20 g de muestra de lodo a una constante de relación molar SiO2/Al2O3 de 1,24 para todas las pruebas y variando las relaciones molares de Na2O/Al2O3; Na2O/SiO2 y H2O/ Na2O, conforme a la variación de la concentración de la solución de hidróxido de sodio. Se mantuvo constante la temperatura de fusión de precursores, envejecimiento y cristalización de la zeolita a 100°C y tiempo de reacción de 48 horas.

Mediante la técnica de difracción de rayos X, se identificó la síntesis de la zeolita Na-P1 GIS , con tres tipos de mineralogía, además las zeolitas ACP-1 y Sodalita Octahidrato. Las imágenes electrónicas muestran un producto con una morfología bien definida.  Las mejores condiciones del resultado fueron la concentración 1,5 M de la solución de sosa y relaciones molares 1,24 de SiO2/Al2O3; 0,61 de Na2O/Al2O3; 2,02 de SiO2/Na2O; 15,51, de H2O/ Na2O y 7,68 de H2O/ SiO2.

A mayores concentraciones de sosa se obtienen las mismas zeolitas, como lo demuestran los difractogramas de rayos X, pero las imágenes electrónicas de los productos muestran cristales deformados, posiblemente por el exceso de sosa.
Comparación de métodos de optimización locales y globales para la calibración y análisis de sensibilidad de un modelo hidrológico conceptual
Authors: Mendez-Morales Maikel , Calvo-Valverde Luis Alexander
Published: August 2019

Ocho métodos de optimización global y ocho métodos de optimización local fueron utilizados para calibrar el modelo hidrológico conceptual HBV-TEC en la cuenca alta del río Toro en Costa Rica para cuatro diferentes periodos de calibración (4, 8, 12 y 16 años). Con el propósito de evaluar la sensibilidad de quedar atrapados en mínimos locales, cada método fue probado contra 50 sets de parámetros iniciales generados aleatoriamente. Todos los métodos fueron entonces evaluados en términos del desempeño de optimización y el costo computacional. Los resultados muestran un desempeño comparable entre varios métodos locales y globales dado que se correlacionan fuertemente entre ellos. Sin embargo, los métodos locales son generalmente más sensitivos a quedar atrapados en mínimos locales independientemente de la duración del periodo de calibración. El desempeño de optimización parece ser independiente del número total de llamas del modelo, el cual puede variar varios órdenes de magnitud dependiendo del método de optimización seleccionado. La selección final de un método de optimización está grandemente influenciada por su eficiencia y el nivel de recursos computacionales disponible indistintamente de clase local o global.
Dimensionamiento de sistemas fotovoltaicos mediante una interfaz gráfica
Authors: Vega-Carranza Kenneth , Piedra-Segura Juan Francisco , Richmond-Navarro Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Este artículo, muestra la implementación de una interfaz gráfica desarrollada en MATLAB para el dimensionamiento de los principales componentes de un sistema fotovoltaico, sea conectado a la red como autónomo. El primer paso consiste en el cálculo de la cantidad de paneles requeridos para cierta demanda de energía y para ciertas variaciones que dependen del sistema y de los niveles de radiación solar en la zona, seguidamente se dimensiona el banco de baterías -para el caso de los sistemas autónomos (off-grid)-, posteriormente se dimensionan los inversores y los reguladores de carga -en caso de tener banco de baterías-. Por último, la interfaz muestra una tabla de resumen con la cantidad de elementos a utilizar, así como las características eléctricas nominales de estos.
A fotografia 360 graus como ferramenta de suporte à modelagem de "as built"
Authors: Grosskopf Gabriel George , Herden Yasmin Sarquis , Silva Rafael Fernandes Teixeira , Marchiori Fernanda Fernandes
Published: August 2019

Considerando a pertinência do as built para reformas e manutenções e a ascensão de novas tecnologias na Indústria 4.0, foi analisada a contribuição de fotografias 360 graus nas etapas de levantamento de dados e validação de informações para modelagem desse documento, comparando-a com a fotografia tradicional usualmente utilizada. Partindo-se de pesquisa empírica em campo, foram modelados dois as built em software BIM do processo de reforma da edificação da Fundação Nova Vida, em Florianópolis (SC), dedicada à assistência social. Com os as built pré-reforma e pós-reforma foi possível comparar as duas modalidades: fotografias tradicionais na etapa pré-reforma e fotografias com lente esférica 360 graus na etapa pós-reforma. Parâmetros como quantidade de informações contidas e tamanho dos conjuntos de arquivos fotográficos gerados foram considerados no estudo. A fotografia 360 graus apresentou mais dados e maior área de abrangência, reduzindo a quantidade de arquivos gerados e o tamanho do conjunto de arquivos armazenados. A fotografia tradicional, por envolver a tomada de decisão sobre o que registrar, demanda tempo extra em levantamentos em campo, enquanto a fotografia 360 graus faz um registro global. A fotografia 360 graus mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a tradicional, proporcionando maior agilidade na coleta e conferência de dados para a modelagem BIM.
Uji Kandungan Fenolik Total dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Berbagai Bentuk Sediaan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendens)
Authors: Dhurhania Crescentiana Emy , Novianto Agil
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Senyawa fenolik merupakan kelompok senyawa terbesar yang berperan sebagai antioksidan alami pada tumbuhan. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi tinggi sebagai antioksidan alami adalah sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens). Hal tersebut terkait dengan potensinya sebagai sumber senyawa fenolik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji terhadap kandungan fenolik total dari berbagai bentuk sediaan sarang semut dan pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Metode: Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa dalam sediaan seduhan, rebusan, dan ekstrak sarang semut positif mengandung senyawa fenolik, antara lain: flavonoid, tanin dan polifenol. Uji kandungan fenolik total dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada 760,5 nm, dengan hasil pada seduhan, rebusan, dan ekstrak berturut-turut 3,64; 3,37; 2,74 g GAE/100 g bahan kering. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan parameter kapasitas reduksi serium secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada 317,5 nm. Hasil: Seluruh sediaan sarang semut, yaitu seduhan, rebusan, dan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan EC50secara berturut-turut 6,78; 2,45; 4,00 µg/mL, dengan EC50 pembanding vitamin C 4,1685 µg/mL. Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian untuk mendapatkan kandungan fenolik yang paling tinggi dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat, serbuk kering sarang semut sebaiknya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk seduhan.
Netrin-1 Alters Adipose Tissue Macrophage Fate and Function in Obesity
Authors: Sharma Monika , Schlegel Martin , Brown Emily J. , Sansbury Brian E. , Weinstock Ada , Afonso Milessa S. , Corr Emma M. , van Solingen Coen , Shanley Lianne C. , Peled Daniel , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Schmidt Ann Marie , Spite Matthew , Fisher Edward A. , J.Moore Kathryn
Published: August 2019

Macrophages accumulate prominently in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese humans and high fat diet (HFD) fed mice, and this is linked to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. While the mechanisms regulating macrophage recruitment in obesity have been delineated, the signals directing macrophage persistence in VAT are poorly understood. We previously showed that the neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 is expressed in the VAT of obese mice and humans, where it promotes macrophage accumulation. To better understand the source of netrin-1 and its effects on adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) fate and function in obesity, we generated mice with myeloid-specific deletion of netrin-1 (Ntn1
fl/fl
LysMCre
+/–; Ntn1Δmac). Interestingly, Ntn1mac mice showed a modest decrease in HFD-induced adiposity and adipocyte size, in the absence of changes in food intake or leptin, that was accompanied by an increase in markers of adipocyte beiging (Prdm16, UCP-1). Using single cell RNA-seq, combined with conventional histological and flow cytometry techniques, we show that myeloid-specific deletion of netrin-1 caused a 50% attrition of ATMs in HFD-fed mice, particularly of the resident macrophage subset, and altered the phenotype of residual ATMs to enhance lipid handling. Pseudotime analysis of single cell transcriptomes showed that in the absence of netrin-1, macrophages in the obese VAT underwent a phenotypic switch with the majority of ATMs activating a program of genes specialized in lipid handling, including fatty acid uptake and intracellular transport, lipid droplet formation and lipolysis, and regulation of lipid localization. Furthermore, Ntn1Δmac macrophages had reduced expression of genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, and targeted LCMS/MS metabololipidomics analysis revealed decreases in proinflammatory eicosanoids (5-HETE, 6-trans LTB4, TXB2, PGD2) in the obese VAT. Collectively, our data show that targeted deletion of netrin-1 in macrophages reprograms the ATM phenotype in obesity, leading to reduced adipose inflammation, and improved lipid handling and metabolic function.
Reinforcing Some Kuwaiti Soils with Shredded High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Bits
Authors: Abdelsalam Ziad , Almashan Nourah , Ismael Nabil
Published: August 2019

Large amounts of shredded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bits are generated in Kuwait as a by-product of the production of plastic pipes. To find beneficial uses for this waste material, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out on two local surface sands of Kuwait amended with shredded HDPE bits in amounts varying from 0 percent to 15 percent (by weight). Laboratory tests included sieve analysis, modified proctor compaction, direct shear, consolidation, and permeability tests. The testing measured the effect of increased HDPE content on the different soil properties. The results indicate a reduction of the maximum density of about 20 percent and a substantial increase in the permeability and compressibility. The strength parameters, namely the cohesion, C, and the angle of internal friction, ϕ, increased with increasing HDPE content. Therefore, the use of HDPE plastic bits as an additive to the local soils in Kuwait is beneficial for many practical applications, such as lightweight fill, embankment construction, and as a drainage layer in the construction of landfills.
Biometric Analysis of Nummulites PachoiSaid, 1951 (topotype, Late Lutetian) from El Arag Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Abd El Naby Ahmed , Orabi Orabi , Al Menoufy Safia , Gadallah Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Nummulites pachoi Said, 1951 is described and illustrated for the first time from topotypic material from the Late Lutetian Mokattam Formation of El Arag Oasis, Egypt, including the first photographs of both microspheric and megalospheric generations. Nummulites pachoi spans the SBZ 16 of Late Lutetian age. This species is phylogenetically parallel to N. praelyelliBoukhary & Kamal, 2003. Although, N. pachoi and N. praelyelli exhibit the same ontogenetic trend, from tight to lax, the development of granulation in the megalospheric form of N. pachoi is a progressive character through time, unlike that in N. praelyelli. Nummulites pachoi is larger, flatter and with an opposite ontogenetic trend compared with Nummulites gizehensis, although both have similar protoconch diameters. The author who first recognized the name “pachoi” as a species-level designation should be given credit for naming the species. Because Said (1951) raised the rank of de la Harpe's race pachoi to specific level, according to the rules of zoological nomenclature, Said should be recognized as the author of the species.
The Paleogeographic Evolution of the Orthophragminids of the Paleogene
Authors: BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K. , Price G. David
Published: August 2019

Orthophragminids are larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) and, together with the nummulitids, were the major rock-forming foraminifera from the middle Paleocene to the late Eocene. Today, porous, LBF-bearing, Paleogene limestones, which occur globally from the Pacific and Atlantic margins of the Americas to the Indo-Pacific, form potentially valuable oil reservoirs, and their biota have formed the basis of the definition of three paleobiogeographic provinces, namely those of the Americas, Tethys, and the Indo-Pacific. The orthophragminids of the western part of the Tethyan Province have been studied extensively, however, the other provinces are less well characterized, and until now the origin and paleogeographic development of this group have not been fully articulated. New material described here allows the clear definition of a fourth, South African paleobiogeographic province, and, when combined with refined biostratigraphic dating based on new material from the Americas, Europe, South Asia and SE Asia, enables their paleogeographic and biostratigraphic evolution to be determined. Critically, the occurrence of cosmopolitan planktonic foraminifera (PF) within LBF assemblages enables the first occurrences of various LBF forms within each province to be dated relative to well-calibrated planktonic zones (PZ). From this, we infer that, like the previously studied lepidocyclinids and nummulitids, the orthophragminids originated in the Americas during the Paleocene, probably between the late Danian (PZ P1c, 63.5 Ma) and the early Selandian (PZ P3a, 61.6 Ma). By the middle Paleocene, the orthophragminids had migrated across the Atlantic to the previously isolated West African coast at the extreme of Tethys, probably during global sea-level low stands at 60.3 Ma and again at 56.4 Ma. Subsequently, the American Province again became isolated. In the Tethys, the orthophragminid migrations followed two paths: northeastward through the Tethyan corridor in the late Paleo-cene (Thanetian), and south in the earliest Eocene (Ypresian) to South Africa. The Tethyan forms evolved during the Eocene into many lineages, which in turn migrated, after a few million years of their first appearances into the Indo-Pacific, where they again became isolated and diversified further. Meanwhile the South African forms remained similar to their American ancestors in both small size and external ornamentation, while their internal evolution closely followed that of Tethys forms, as exhibited by three species of Nemkovella and Discocyclina described here from South Africa (Nemkovella mcmilliana n. sp., Discocyclina davyi n. sp. and D. africana n. sp.).
Gavelinella Breardi, A New Name For the Turonian Gulf Coast Marker Species Anomalina “w”
Authors: Denne Richard A. , Callender Arden D. , Engelhardt-Moore Nancy , Hinote Russell E. , Lowery Christopher M.
Published: August 2019

The name Gavelinella breardi n. sp. is proposed for the Turonian benthic foraminifer informally known as Anomalina “W”. This species is used by industry paleontologists as a marker for the Eagle Ford Group of Texas and has a known stratigraphic range from the Late Cenomanian to the Late Turonian. It is distinguished from the similar species Gavelinella petita and Planulina eaglefordensis by its raised, limbate sutures in early whorls. Another similar form, Anomalina redmondi Petters, is reassigned to the genus Gavelinella.