bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White Dwarfs with Infrared Excess from LAMOST Data Release 5
Authors: Wang 汪 Lin 琳 , Zhang 张 Xiaoxia 小霞 , Wang 王 Junfeng 俊峰 , Zhang 张 Zhi-Xiang 志翔 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Gu 顾 Wei-Min 为民 , Guo 郭 Jincheng 金承 , Jiang 姜 Xiaochuan 小川
Published: February 2023

Infrared (IR) excess is an important probe for substellar companions and/or debris disks around white dwarfs (WDs). Such systems are still rare, so an in-depth understanding of their formation and long-term evolution has yet to be developed. One of the largest spectroscopic surveys, carried out by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), has recently released more than 3000 WDs, a significant fraction of which have not been searched for IR excess. Here, we present a cross-correlation between the LAMOST Data Release 5 WD catalog and Pan-STARRS, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey, the Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). By performing spectral energy distribution fittings for 846 WDs with WISE detections, we identify 50 candidates with IR excess, including seven candidate WD+M dwarf binaries, 31 candidate WD+brown dwarf (BD) binaries, and 12 candidate WD+dust disk systems. Eight of the dust disk systems are our new identifications. By utilizing a systematic survey with accurate stellar parameters derived from spectral fitting, our work is an important addition to previous searches for IR excess from SDSS and Gaia WDs, and it provides a significant (≳8%) complement to the current database of WDs with candidate BD companions and dust disks. The frequencies of the WD+BD binaries and the WD+dust disk systems are constrained to be ≲3.7% and ∼1.4%, respectively. The properties of the candidate dust disk systems are discussed. All of our candidates require follow-up observations for confirmation, owing to the limited spatial resolution of WISE.
The Origins of Calcium-rich Supernovae From Disruptions of CO White Dwarfs by Hybrid He–CO White Dwarfs
Authors: Zenati Yossef , Perets Hagai B. , Dessart Luc , Jacobson-Galán Wynn V. , Toonen Silvia , Rest Armin
Published: February 2023

Calcium-rich explosions are very faint (M
B ∼ −15.5), type I supernovae (SNe) showing strong Ca lines, mostly observed in old stellar environments. Several models for such SNe have been explored and debated, but none were able to reproduce consistently the observed properties of Ca-rich SNe, nor their rates and host-galaxy distributions. Here we show that the disruptions of low-mass carbon–oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) by hybrid helium–CO (HeCO) WDs during their merger could explain the origin and properties of such SNe. We make use of detailed multidimensional hydrodynamical-thermonuclear (FLASH) simulations to characterize such explosions. We find that the accretion of CO material onto an HeCO-WD heats its He shell and eventually leads to its “weak” detonation and ejection and the production of a sub-energetic ∼1049 erg Ca-rich SN, while leaving the CO core of the HeCO-WD intact as a hot remnant WD, possibly giving rise to X-ray emission as it cools down. We model the detailed light curves and spectra of such explosions and find excellent agreement with the observations of Ia/c Ca-rich, and potentially Ib Ca-rich, SNe. We thereby provide a viable, consistent model for the origins of Ca-rich SNe. These findings can shed new light on the role of Ca-rich SNe in the chemical evolution of galaxies and the intracluster medium, and their contribution to the observed 511 Kev signal in the galaxy originating from positrons produced from 44Ti decay. Finally, the origins of such SNe points to the key role of HeCO-WDs as SN progenitors and their potential role as progenitors of other thermonuclear SNe including normal Ia.
GRB 200829A: External-shock Origin of the Very Early Prompt Emission?
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Da-Bin , Lu Rui-Jing , Jiang Lu-Yao , Liang Wen-Qiang , Chen Zhi-Lin , Li Xiao-Yan , Wang Xiang-Gao , Liang En-Wei
Published: February 2023

Long-duration GRB 200829A was detected by Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT/XRT, and then rapidly observed by other ground-based telescopes. It has a weak γ-ray emission in the very early phase and is followed by a bright spiky γ-ray emission pulse. The radiation spectrum of the very early emission is best fitted by a power-law function with index ∼−1.7. However, the bright spiky γ-ray pulse, especially the time around the peak, exhibits a distinct two-component radiation spectrum, i.e., Band function combined with a blackbody radiation spectrum. We infer the photospheric properties and reveal a medium magnetization at a photospheric position by adopting the initial size of the outflow as r
0 = 109 cm. It implies that the Band component in this pulse may be formed during the dissipation of the magnetic field. The power-law radiation spectra found in the very early prompt emission may imply the external-shock origination of this phase. Then, we perform the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method fitting on the light curves of this burst, where the jet corresponding to the γ-ray pulse at around 20 s is used to refresh the external shock. It is shown that the light curves of the very early phase and X-ray afterglow after 40 s, involving the X-ray bump at around 100 s, can be well modeled in the external-shock scenario. For the obtained initial outflow, we estimate the minimum magnetization factor of the jet based on the fact that the photospheric emission of this jet is missed in the very early phase.
The Runaway Greenhouse on Sub-Neptune Waterworlds
Authors: Pierrehumbert Raymond T.
Published: February 2023

The implications of the water vapor runaway greenhouse phenomenon for water-rich sub-Neptunes are developed. In particular, the nature of the postrunaway equilibration process for planets that have an extremely high water inventory is addressed. Crossing the threshold from subrunaway to superrunaway conditions leads to a transition from equilibrated states with cold, deep liquid oceans and deep interior ice-X phases to states with hot supercritical fluid interiors. There is a corresponding marked inflation of radius for a given mass, similar to the runaway greenhouse radius inflation effect noted earlier for terrestrial planets, but in the present case the inflation involves the entire interior of the planet. The calculation employs the AQUA equation-of-state database to simplify the internal structure calculation. Some speculations concerning the effect of H2 admixture, silicate cores, and hot- versus cold-start evolution trajectories are offered. Observational implications are discussed though the search for the mass–radius signature of the phenomena considered is limited by degeneracies and by lack of data.
Multistage Reconnection Powering a Solar Coronal Jet
Authors: Long David M. , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Baker Deborah , Hannah Iain G. , Ngampoopun Nawin , Berghmans David , Zhukov Andrei N. , Teriaca Luca
Published: February 2023

Coronal jets are short-lived eruptive features commonly observed in polar coronal holes and are thought to play a key role in the transfer of mass and energy into the solar corona. We describe unique contemporaneous observations of a coronal blowout jet seen by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter (SO) spacecraft and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The coronal jet erupted from the south polar coronal hole, and was observed with high spatial and temporal resolution by both instruments. This enabled identification of the different stages of a breakout reconnection process producing the observed jet. We find bulk plasma flow kinematics of ∼100–200 km s−1 across the lifetime of its observed propagation, with a distinct kink in the jet where it impacted and was subsequently guided by a nearby polar plume. We also identify a faint faster feature ahead of the bulk plasma motion propagating with a velocity of ∼715 km s−1, which we attribute to untwisting of newly reconnected field lines during the eruption. A differential emission measure (DEM) analysis using the SDO/AIA observations revealed a very weak jet signal, indicating that the erupting material was likely much cooler than the coronal passbands used to derive the DEM. This is consistent with the very bright appearance of the jet in the Lyα passband observed by SO/EUI. The DEM was used to estimate the radiative thermal energy of the source region of the coronal jet, finding a value of ∼2 × 1024 erg, comparable to the energy of a nanoflare.
L’expérience interdisciplinaire comme vecteur de décentrement critique : le cas d’un programme d’innovation inter-écoles
Authors: Berger Estelle , Le Nagard Emmanuelle , Mounoud Éléonore
Published: February 2023

Cet article vise à comprendre 1) comment une expérience interdisciplinaire peut permettre une transformation des participants, qui perdure à l’issue de l’expérience, 2) quelle est la nature de cette transformation. La recherche s’appuie sur un programme d’innovation interdisciplinaire entre étudiants de trois écoles différentes (de commerce, d’ingénierie et de design), utilisant la méthodologie du design thinking. Elle analyse l’expérience vécue au travers d’entretiens approfondis des tuteurs des équipes, ainsi que des réponses des étudiants aux questionnaires de fin de programme. Ceci permet de déterminer quelles sont les conditions (organisation du programme, posture initiale des participants) permettant une expérience interdisciplinaire réussie, les caractéristiques qui permettent cette transformation, et de montrer qu’elle s’apparente à un décentrement critique
La mobilisation du design thinking pour favoriser l’innovation dans l’enseignement supérieur : étude de dispositifs « plateformes d’innovation »
Authors: Lameta Nathalie , Luisi Graziella
Published: February 2023

Encouragés par les pouvoirs publics, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur évoluent pour diffuser la culture de l’innovation sur les territoires. L’observation des pratiques aux niveaux international et national montre une tendance croissante à la création de plateformes d’innovation afin de favoriser la création de savoirs et d’expériences au sein d’espaces d’expérimentation collective en mobilisant le design thinking. Ces plateformes se structurent autour d’équipes pluridisciplinaires, de lieux dédiés à l’innovation et au passage à l’acte ainsi que de méthodes « user centric », spécifiques à l’émergence d’innovations d’usage. Afin d’éclairer ce phénomène, relativement récent en France et peu traité dans la littérature, nous avons mené une recherche exploratoire, visant à identifier les ressources organisationnelles indispensables à la conception de plateformes d’innovation en adoptant une approche empirique et comparative.
Ce que la formation à l’entrepreneuriat n’est pas : une esquisse des contours des formations à l’entrepreneuriat à partir de leur singularité perçue par des étudiants tunisiens
Authors: Taktak-Kallel Ilia
Published: February 2023

Le but de cet article est de comprendre la mesure dans laquelle les étudiants perçoivent la singularité de l’enseignement de l’entrepreneuriat par rapport aux autres enseignements, cette singularité perçue étant à même de susciter la motivation à apprendre dans ce domaine. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons les théories de la catégorisation. L’étude qualitative exploratoire, menée dans le contexte tunisien auprès de treize étudiants ayant suivi une ou plusieurs formations à l’entrepreneuriat, révèle notamment que l’enseignement de l’entrepreneuriat est essentiellement singularisé par la référence à son utilité dans la vie professionnelle et personnelle, que cette singularité perçue provient en grande partie de la singularité du domaine même de l’entrepreneuriat, et qu’elle induit des apprentissages surtout dans le registre des savoir-être et savoir-devenir. Nous en concluons que les représentations et perceptions de la singularité de l’enseignement de l’entrepreneuriat ont un rapport avec les registres d’apprentissage les plus travaillés dans le cadre de cet enseignement.
L’innovation dans la procédure d’évaluation des connaissances à l’aune de la montée dans la chaîne de valeur des connaissances : étude de cas dans le domaine des sciences et techniques des données
Authors: Saulais Pierre
Published: February 2023

Une exploration de l’application des principes fondamentaux du Knowledge Management pour les organisations à une application d'ingénierie pédagogique innovante concernant l’évaluation des connaissances a été menée dans une double expérimentation de recherche-action, en parallèle du déroulement de l’enseignement d’un cours de Sciences et Techniques des Données. Le chercheur (en sciences humaines) prend alors son propre enseignement (de sciences de l’ingénieur en tant qu’expert technique) comme objet de recherche (en sciences de gestion des connaissances) : de façon complémentaire à la transmission de connaissances, l’enseignant-chercheur doit devenir un acteur de la connaissance en évaluation de connaissances, au sens profond de la possibilité d’activation de ces connaissances par ses étudiants dans un futur contexte professionnel de type résolution de problème technique. En s’auto-appliquant sa méthode de stimulation de la créativité, l’auteur-chercheur permet à l’auteur-enseignant d’élaborer un énoncé d’examen propre à évaluer, en sortie de cours, les capacités constituant formellement les pré-requis des cours des années suivantes.
L’exploitation salariale dans une économie globalisée : le cas de la France
Authors: Le Masne Pierre
Published: February 2023

Cet article mesure de façon nouvelle l’exploitation des salariés dans une économie globalisée. La « valeur nouvellement créée » de Marx est reliée à la valeur ajoutée nette de la comptabilité nationale. Il est tenu compte de changements survenus depuis un siècle et demi, comme l’accroissement du rôle de l’État et la salarisation des cadres dirigeants. Le cadre général d’analyse est mondial et l’exploitation comporte une dimension internationale. Le profit dans les pays dominants provient pour partie de l’étranger et en particulier des pays à bas salaires. La méthode décrite est appliquée à la France en 2018.
L’accompagnant scolaire des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers en situation d’intermétiers
Authors: Frangieh Basma , Akiki Joumana
Published: February 2023

L’Accompagnant scolaire (AS) des élèves ayant des Besoins éducatifs particuliers (BEP) est un nouveau professionnel dont le statut n’est pas encore défini au niveau législatif au Liban. Il fait face à des situations professionnelles complexes qui génèrent des dilemmes et des tensions dans un espace commun qu’il est appelé à partager dans ses pratiques quotidiennes, en particulier avec l’enseignant. Nous avons recours à une analyse secondaire des données de nos recherches antérieures afin de comprendre comment sa situation professionnelle évolue dans l’intermétiers, à la lumière de deux axes de réflexion, à savoir l’organisation du travail et la collaboration interprofessionnelle. L’analyse montre que l’exercice du métier de l’accompagnant scolaire ne suit pas un seul modèle et présente des fluctuations selon les établissements scolaires ; trois profils différents de la dynamique de travail AS/enseignant ont été retenus.
Quels soutiens au développement de pratiques inclusives ?
Authors: Allenbach Marco , Gabola Piera , Leblanc Mireille , Rebetez Frédérique
Published: February 2023

L'éducation inclusive implique l'intervention de divers professionnels, et leur collaboration, pour répondre à la diversité des besoins des élèves. Mais quels sont les besoins des professionnels pour relever les défis de cette éducation inclusive ? Nous proposons un cadre conceptuel destiné à analyser les soutiens à l'activité des professionnels de l'éducation, à partir d'une synthèse d'approches psychologiques et sociologiques, en distinguant les sources de soutiens (provenant d'individus ou de collectifs), les types de soutiens (selon les besoins auxquels ils répondent) et les processus de construction de relations soutenantes. Ces concepts, illustrés par le récit de pratique d'une enseignante ressource, offrent quelques repères pour l'accompagnement des professionnels et les transformations organisationnelles visant à affiner l'efficience des pratiques inclusives et collaboratives.
Collaboration et travail d’équipe : concepts et réalités des pratiques dans les écoles inclusives libanaises
Authors: Rafie Nader Sabine
Published: February 2023

L’objet général de cette recherche est centré sur la documentation des modes de collaboration existants entre les rééducateurs, les enseignants et les parents dans les écoles privées libanaises intégrant des élèves atteints d’une paralysie cérébrale (IMC) afin d’étudier leur pertinence quant aux besoins éducatifs reliés à l’atteinte de ces apprenants. C’est une recherche de type exploratoire basée sur l’étude de cas multiples. Les résultats de l’analyse des données recueillies reflètent l’existence d’une divergence chez les acteurs concernant leur perception des concepts de  l’équipe  et de  la collaboration . Ces concepts sont influencés par leur pratique de travail, leur investissement personnel et la politique de l’établissement scolaire. Au terme de cette étude nous proposons une série de recommandations pour promouvoir la collaboration au sein de ces quatre équipes de travail.
Heurs et malentendus pédagogiques
Authors: Hajji Azzedine
Published: February 2023

La problématique des inégalités sociales au sein du système scolaire constitue depuis de très nombreuses années un sujet de préoccupation majeure en ce qui concerne les politiques publiques liées à l’éducation. Plusieurs institutions légitiment d’ailleurs nombre de leurs prescriptions en la matière sur la base de la capacité des mesures qui en découlent à lutter contre ces inégalités. Mais pour qu’une telle démarche prenne sens, encore faut-il bien comprendre comment elles se construisent au cœur même de la relation pédagogique. Le concept de malentendu offre des clés de compréhension utiles de ce point de vue.
Les neutralités de l’entreprise, convictionnelle, commerciale ou managériale
Authors: Delgrange Xavier
Published: February 2023

L’entreprise qui entend imposer une politique de neutralité à ses employés peut emprunter deux chemins que la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne a balisés au sein de la directive « anti-discrimination ». Suivant le premier, l’employeur assume restreindre au nom de ses propres convictions la liberté de conscience et de religion de certains de ses employés. Il se revendique de la notion d’entreprise de tendance pour déroger à l’interdiction de discriminer. Empruntant le second, l’employeur peut imposer la neutralité dans un but commercial, afin de prendre en compte les attentes de sa clientèle (voie ouverte par les arrêts Bougnaoui et Achbita ), ou à des fins managériales, en vue de garantir la paix sociale et d’assurer le bon fonctionnement de son entreprise (piste validée par l’arrêt Wabe ).
La jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme en matière de filiation (hors adoption)
Authors: Dionisi-Peyrusse Amélie
Published: February 2023

Des questions relatives à la filiation sont régulièrement soumises à la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme par des enfants et/ou des parents ou par ceux qui voudraient l’être. La Cour les examine en admettant assez largement qu’elles touchent à la vie privée et/ou familiale. Elle vérifie l’équilibre des solutions internes retenues sans entrer dans une démarche de construction d’un système de filiation. Cela la conduit tout de même à introduire des éléments d’appréciation de nature à perturber les systèmes mis en place par les États.
La reconnaissance de l’immunité de juridiction du Saint-Siège dans le contexte des abus sexuels dans l’Église
Authors: Demaria Tiphaine
Published: February 2023

Le 12 octobre 2021, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a rendu un arrêt inédit relatif à l’immunité de juridiction du Saint-Siège. La Cour était saisie de la violation de l’article 6 de la Convention à l’encontre de la Belgique, dont les juridictions avaient reconnu l’immunité de juridiction du siège apostolique de Rome et donc écarté la demande d’indemnisation formulée par plusieurs requérants, victimes d’abus sexuels. L’arrêt de la Cour se distingue, d’une part, par l’octroi d’immunités étatiques au Saint-Siège, chose qui n’avait rien d’évident au regard du statut contesté de cette entité sui generis . D’autre part, en se fondant sur une jurisprudence bien établie, la Cour considère que les juridictions belges ne se sont pas écartées des principes du droit international en rejetant les exceptions à l’immunité invoquées par les demandeurs. Sur ces deux aspects, on peut souligner la faiblesse du contrôle opéré par la Cour, que l’on peut déplorer au regard des enjeux de la cause.
Principe de légalité et responsabilité pénale d’un commandant policier pour crimes de guerre commis pendant le conflit armé en Croatie
Authors: Eudes Marina
Published: February 2023

Saisie d’une requête invoquant la violation du principe de légalité, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme réaffirme sa jurisprudence classique sur les critères d’accessibilité de la norme et de prévisibilité des poursuites pénales s’agissant de crimes de guerre commis pendant la guerre en Croatie, tout en apportant d’utiles précisions sur le principe de la responsabilité du supérieur hiérarchique (y compris pour un chef civil) tel qu’il résulte du droit international coutumier applicable dans un conflit armé.
De l’islam comme marqueur de classe à sa construction partisane comme problème social
Authors: Geisser Vincent
Published: February 2023

Les relations entre le Parti socialiste et les acteurs des luttes de l’immigration ont souvent été traitées par la littérature militante et sociologique sous l’angle du conflit ou de l’instrumentalisation. Si ces écrits ont permis de déconstruire la vision mythique du rôle du PS dans le passage au politique des descendants de l’immigration postcoloniale, ils se caractérisent généralement par des approches en surplomb, négligeant la richesse des débats et des controverses internes, la diversité des échelles partisanes (locale, fédérale et nationale), les formes de multiengagement et les nombreuses circulations militantes qui expliquent comment les acteurs du Parti socialiste sont passés progressivement d’une lecture classiste et tiers-mondiste des mouvements immigrés à un décryptage de type culturaliste. En privilégiant un regard réflexif sur les résultats de nos enquêtes sociologiques réalisées durant les années 1990-2000, enrichis par de nouvelles sources tirées du dépouillement systématique de la presse partisane, l’objectif de cet article est d’éclairer les facteurs, les circonstances et les événements qui ont contribué à ce « glissement » d’une lecture sociale des luttes de l’immigration à une représentation identitaire focalisée sur le couple « islam-laïcité ».
Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a delayed diffusive phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish model with refuge and two functional responses
Authors: Gao Ting , Meng Xinyou
Published: February 2023

In our paper, a delayed diffusive phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish model with a refuge and Crowley-Martin and Holling II functional responses is established. First, for the model without delay and diffusion, we not only analyze the existence and stability of equilibria, but also discuss the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation by choosing the refuge proportion of phytoplankton as the bifurcation parameter. Then, for the model with delay, we set some sufficient conditions to demonstrate the existence of Hopf bifurcation caused by delay; we also discuss the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcation of the periodic solution by using the center manifold and normal form theories. Next, for a reaction-diffusion model with delay, we show the existence and properties of Hopf bifurcation. Finally, we use Matlab software for numerical simulation to prove the previous theoretical results.
A novel particle swarm optimization based on hybrid-learning model
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Wang BoCheng , Li Zhuang , Xu Chunyu
Published: February 2023

The convergence speed and the diversity of the population plays a critical role in the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO). In order to balance the trade-off between exploration and exploitation, a novel particle swarm optimization based on the hybrid learning model (PSO-HLM) is proposed. In the early iteration stage, PSO-HLM updates the velocity of the particle based on the hybrid learning model, which can improve the convergence speed. At the end of the iteration, PSO-HLM employs a multi-pools fusion strategy to mutate the newly generated particles, which can expand the population diversity, thus avoid PSO-HLM falling into a local optima. In order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of PSO-HLM, several experiments are carried out on 30 benchmark functions. Experimental results show that the performance of PSO-HLM is better than other the-state-of-the-art algorithms.
Alzheimer's disease: Is there a relationship between brain renin-angiotensin system, estradiol and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4)?
Authors: Carrera-González María Pilar , Ramírez-Expósito María Jesús , Guerrero-González Carmen , Martínez-Martos José Manuel
Published: February 2023

One of the diseases more related to the continuous aging of the population is Alzheimer's disease, which is a type of dementia currently without either effective diagnosis biomarkers or treatments. Its higher prevalence in women makes it necessary to study pathways/systems that could participate and/or be involved in its development, as well as those that could be affected by hormonal factors, which, in this case, are estradiol levels. In this sense, one of the systems under study that is gaining special relevance in the scientific community is the brain renin-angiotensin system and its regulatory proteolytic enzymes. This system is strongly modulated by estrogens, and it is also connected with the cerebral glucose metabolism through the angiotensin IV receptor, also recognized as the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). Due to the fact that the cerebral glucose metabolism is highly compromised in patients with Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to know the elements of the systems and their functions in this process, namely, the cerebral renin-angiotensin system, estradiol and IRAP, an enzyme and receptor co-localized in brain tissue with the insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Knowledge of the connection between them could shed light on the molecular mechanisms of this disease and also provide new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF COVID-19 AND VIRAL PNEUMONIA IN X-RAY IMAGES USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Tripathi Sumit , Sharma Neeraj
Published: February 2023

The early detection and treatment of COVID-19 infection are necessary to save human life. The study aims to propose a time-efficient and accurate method to classify lung infected images by COVID-19 and viral pneumonia using chest X-ray. The proposed classifier applies end-to-end training approach to classify the images of the set of normal, viral pneumonia and COVID-19-infected images. The features of the two infected classes were precisely captured by the extractor path and transferred to the constructor path for precise classification. The classifier accurately reconstructed the classes using the indices and the feature maps. For firm confirmation of the classification results, we used the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) along with accuracy and F1 scores (1 and 0.5). The classification accuracy of the COVID-19 class achieved was about ([Formula: see text])% with MCC score ([Formula: see text]). The classifier is distinguished with great precision between the two nearly correlated infectious classes (COVID-19 and viral pneumonia). The statistical test suggests that the obtained results are statistically significant as [Formula: see text]. The proposed method can save time in the diagnosis of lung infections and can help in reducing the burden on the medical system in the time of the pandemic.
β-(1,3)-D-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus correlates with lower plasma IL-6, IL-1β, HOMA-IR, and higher pancreatic beta cell count in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet (HFFD) rats
Authors: Innayah Alma Maghfirotun , Hariani Elvira Nur Sa’idah , Khotimah Husnul , Kusumastuty Inggita , Yunita Ema Pristi , Handayani Dian
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The increasing consumption of high-fat and high-fructose foods contributes to the increasing prevalence of global obesity. Low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity is a significant risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract on rats fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet.
Design and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged eight weeks. The rats were divided into groups given a normal (N) diet, a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), D1 (HFFD+125 mg/kg BW β-glucan), D2 (HFFD+250 mg/kg BW β glucan), and D3 (HFFD+375 mg/kg BW β-glucan) with an intervention of 14 weeks. IL-6 and IL-1β levels were measured by the ELISA method, while HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) was calculated by the fasting insulin (ng/mL) x fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/405 formula. Pancreatic beta-cell counts were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: The results showed no differences in IL-6 and IL-1β between the treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in HOMA-IR and pancreatic beta-cell counts between groups. There were negative correlations between the dose of β-glucan and IL-6, IL-1β, and HOMA-IR levels. Also, there was a positive correlation between the dose of β-glucan and the number of pancreatic beta cells.
Conclusions: Administration of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract prevented hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, also reduced inflammation in rats fed with HFFD regardless of weight gain.
Development of a predictive model for increasing sperm retrieval success by microdissection testicular sperm extraction in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Deng Chen-Yao , Liu De-Feng , Zhao Lian-Ming , Lin Hao-Cheng , Mao Jia-Ming , Zhang Zhe , Yang Yu-Zhuo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Hong Kai , Xu Hui-Yu , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2023

Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is widely used to treat nonobstructive azoospermia. However, a good prediction model is required to anticipate a successful sperm retrieval rate before performing micro-TESE. This retrospective study analyzed the clinical records of 200 nonobstructive azoospermia patients between January 2021 and December 2021. The backward method was used to perform binary logistic regression analysis and identify factors that predicted a successful micro-TESE sperm retrieval. The prediction model was constructed using acquired regression coefficients, and its predictive performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. In all, 67 patients (sperm retrieval rate: 33.5%) underwent successful micro-TESE. Follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and inhibin B levels varied significantly between patients who underwent successful and unsuccessful micro-TESE. Binary logistic regression analysis yielded the following six predictors: anti-Müllerian hormone (odds ratio [OR] = 0.902, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.821–0.990), inhibin B (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001–1.024), Klinefelter’s syndrome (OR = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.002–0.243), Y chromosome microdeletion (OR = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.005–0.504), cryptorchidism with orchiopexy (OR = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.008–0.929), and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (OR = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.003–0.277). The prediction model had an area under the curve of 0.720 (95% CI: 0.645–0.794), sensitivity of 65.7%, specificity of 72.2%, Youden index of 0.379, and cut-off value of 0.305 overall, indicating good predictive value and accuracy. This model can assist clinicians and nonobstructive azoospermia patients in decision-making and avoiding negative micro-TESE results.
Role of Dental Discomfort Questionnaire-Based Approach in Recognition of Symptomatic Expressions Due to Dental Pain in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Penmetsa Chandana , Penmetcha Sarada , Cheruku Sampath Reddy , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Patil Anil Kumar , Namineni Srinivas
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ) could help to identify toothaches in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Materials and Methods:

This study involved sixty children between the age groups of 6–16 years, attending the day-care schools diagnosed with ASD. Five different groups of children were identified based on the presence of a toothache and/or carious teeth. The DDQ-8 was completed by parents and evaluated by a single examiner. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (SPSS version 17), and a correlation was observed between the total DDQ score and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft–DMFT) score.

Results:

Analysis of the data showed that DDQ-8 had a significant correlation with that of DMFT score in a group “with carious teeth but no toothache” (r = 0.497, P = 0.019) and group “with carious teeth and a toothache” (r = 0.682 P = 0.043). A group “without carious teeth where the parents were not sure whether or not the child had a toothache” had higher mean compared to other groups with DDQ-8 scores.

Conclusion:

There was a significant difference in the total mean DDQ scores when they were compared with that of the control group. Children with high DDQ-8 often had a high DMFT/dmft score. A significant correlation was found when the total DDQ-8 scores were compared with that of the DMFT score.
Comparative Evaluation of Boric Acid Gel versus Chlorhexidine Gel in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Mamajiwala Alefiya , Sethi Kunal Sunder , Mahale Swapna A. , Raut Chetan Purushottam , Karde Prerna A. , Kale Aishwarya M.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Over the years, various antimicrobials have been tried and tested in the treatment of periodontitis. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has emerged as the gold standard. In recent years, trend has shifted toward the use of agents with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteoblastic activity. Boric acid (BA) is one such agent which possess all such properties and thus been evaluated in the treatment of periodontitis.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 0.75% BA gel versus 1% CHX gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis both clinically and microbiologically.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial where 45 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. About 15 patients each were divided into three groups, that is, Group I received BA gel, Group II received CHX gel, and Group III received placebo gel as a local drug delivery agent. Clinical parameters such as gingival index, plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were evaluated at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Microbiological analysis to check for mixed anaerobic flora was done using subgingival plaque samples at baseline and 3 months after treatment.

Results:

Significant reduction was seen in all clinical parameters in both BA and CHX gel groups as compared to control group (P < 0.05). However, on comparing BA gel group with CHX gel, the results were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

BA gel and CHX gel both were equally effective in improving the clinical and microbiologic parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis when used as a local drug delivery agent.
Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties of Pit and Fissure Sealants Containing Zinc Oxide and Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles
Authors: Swetha Dara Lakshmi , Vinay C. , Uloopi K. S. , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Chandrasekhar Rayala
Published: February 2023

Context:

Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) are the most effective preventive materials in dentistry. Secondary caries around the sealed pits and fissures at the material–tooth interface and the wear of the material remains the common problems. To address these problems, efforts have been made by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles (NPs) into the sealants to develop caries-inhibiting and stress-bearing sealants.

Aim:

Evaluation of antibacterial and mechanical properties of PFS containing ZnO and CaF2NPs.

Settings and Design:

This was anin vitrostudy.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 196 fissure sealant samples were divided into six test groups and a control group. The test group samples were prepared by incorporating two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of ZnO and CaF2NPs into the sealants. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact test; compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated by a universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA andpost hocTukey test.

Results:

Sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF2NPs and their mixture exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity againstStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillus acidophiluswhen compared to control group (P< 0.001). Samples with ZnO NPs exhibited similar mechanical properties as conventional sealant (control group); however, the samples with CaF2NPs showed inferior mechanical properties (P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

The observations of the study infer that sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF2NPs and their mixture exhibited superior antibacterial activity. The mechanical properties of samples containing ZnO and mixture of ZnO and CaF2particles remained comparable to the conventional sealants.
Root Anatomy of Mandibular Second Premolars in French Subpopulation
Authors: Kharouf Naji , Haikel Youssef , Mancino Davide
Published: February 2023

Aims:

The purpose of this in vivo study is to illustrate endodontic anatomical variants in French subpopulations of human mandibular second premolars to show if the literature matches our findings.

Setting and Design:

This was an observational retrospective study.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was performed from September 2016 to September 2017. It was conducted on 56 successive cases of root canal therapies on the mandibular second premolars. All procedures were done in conformity with current state-of-the-art practices in endodontics. These included rigorous clinical and radiographic preaccess analysis, appropriate tooth restoration to insure watertight rubber dam installation, surgical microscopic manipulations for precision, systematic use of ultrasonic endodontic tips to manage cavity access preparation, and step-down technique to shape the root canal systems.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Fifty-six mandibular second premolars were treated: 76.8% had one canal, and 23.2% had two or more canals.

Conclusions:

The incidence of two or more canals on mandibular second premolars could be underestimated as our results show. To prevent any missing canals, clinicians must have a perfect knowledge of anatomic variants of the root canal system. Moreover, the systematic use of a surgical microscope, ultrasonic endodontic tips, and a modern step-down technique should facilitate and standardize access cavity preparation, canal localization, and instrumentation.
High-Mobility Group Box 1 Expression in Mandibular Bone Cells of Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Da’at Arina Yuliana Mahdiyah , Rubianto Mohamad , Ferdiansyah F. , Sudiana I. Ketut , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: February 2023

Background:

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis which characterized by alveolar bone loss. HMGB1 was defined as a bone-active cytokine, but the rule of HMGB1 in bone loss of chronic periodontitis is still understood.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of HMGB1 on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the mandible of chronic periodontitis.

Methods:

This experimental study was conducted to rats injected by Porphyromonas gingivalis into the buccal and lingual subgingival area at a concentration of 2 × 109 CFU/mL three times a week with 2-day apart for 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks as chronic periodontitis group and injected by normal saline as control group. Analysis of variance was used to examine the differences between groups followed by least significant difference post hoc test with the level of significance was <0.05.

Results:

The HMGB1 expression was found in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts of mandibular bone by immunohistochemistry analysis. There was a difference of HMGB1 expression on osteoblasts and osteoclasts of chronic periodontitis. HMGB1 expression was found increased significantly in mandibular osteoblasts of chronic periodontitis, whereas the HMGB1 expression in mandibular osteoclast is higher in 2 and 3 weeks, but it was lower in 4 and 6 weeks.

Conclusions:

This study indicated a potential role for HMGB1 in bone loss of chronic periodontitis. HMGB1 on mandibular osteoclasts and osteoblasts may play different rules in the onset and progression of chronic periodontitis.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin along with Lycopene and Piperine in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Mahato Basudev , Prodhan Chandraday , Mandal Samir , Dutta Avirup , Kumar Parna , Deb Tushar , Jha Tarun , Chaudhuri Keya
Published: February 2023

Context:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a high-risk premalignant condition of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Complete regression of the disease is still not possible with available treatment modalities.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin, lycopene, and piperine as a combination in the management of OSMF.

Settings and Design:

Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of improvement in clinical parameters (i.e., visual Analog Scale [VAS]) score for burning sensation, mouth opening (MO), mucosal flexibility (MF), and tongue protrusion [TP]).

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with OSMF were included in the study; patients were administered with the above-stated drug combination, and clinical parameters were evaluated at regular intervals to compare the pre- and post-treatment measurements.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Paired t-test was done to evaluate significance of the results.

Results:

Highly significant improvement was observed for posttreatment reduction in VAS score for burning sensation and increase in MO (P < 0.001). Significant improvement was also observed in the increase of MF and TP. Posttreatment histopathological evaluation also revealed reepithelialization, indicated by significant increase in the epithelial thickness as found through quantitative image analysis. Immunohistochemical studies with Col1A1 showed decrease in collagen deposition.

Conclusions:

Taken together, the present study proposes the usage of combination drug therapy for the management of OSMF as an effective and affordable way.
Robotic Sacrocolpopexy with Autologous Fascia Lata
Authors: Damiani Gianluca Raffaello , Villa Mario , Falcicchio Giovanni , Cesana Cristina , Malvasi Antonio , Picardi Nico , Vergottini Giovanni , Piero Poli , Dellino Miriam , Loizzi Vera , Vimercati Antonella , Cicinelli Ettore , Pellegrino Antonio
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Apical prolapse involves the upper vagina or vaginal vault after hysterectomy. Treatment is indicated for symptomatic women, and surgical approach is considered for women who failed or refused conservative therapy. We performed 10 pickups of autologous fascia, used for robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP).

Materials and Methods:

We included patients between 60 and 80 years old who showed a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-q) over the second stage and with symptoms related to prolapse.

Results:

All of them underwent autologous fascia lata (AFL) pickup from the right leg and after to RSCP. One patient underwent also posterior colporrhaphy. The mean intraoperative time was 199.2 min (183–230 min). No intra-operatory complications were reported. POP-q assessment during follow-up showed improvements: C point gained on average 7.6 points (5–8) and mean values went from −0.6 to − 8.2 cm (−7 to −9 cm). The three women who had anterior compartment defects shows good anatomical reconstitution with a mean Aa and Ba value of − 2.83 cm (−2.5 to −3 cm) and gained 4 points (average gain: 3.5–4.5 cm). Total vaginal lenght (TVL).

Conclusion:

According to these data, in our experience, AFL employment showed a good anatomical result from the first to last follow-up.
Evolution of anaesthesia technique for endolaryngeal surgery through and post-COVID-19 pandemic: An experience from a tertiary referral centre for airway surgery
Authors: Naik Swapna , Saraf Sujit , Ghodki Poonam , Bapat Sunil
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

Anaesthesia for endolaryngeal surgery is specialised to provide almost a tubeless surgical field. During the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, when most of the surgeries were staggered, we being in a tertiary referral centre for airway surgery had to modify our existing techniques and observed an evolution in the anaesthesia management which we could continue even in the postpandemic period. Hence, we conducted this retrospective study to analyse the reliability of our locally developed apnoeic high-flow oxygenation technique (AHFO) for endolaryngeal procedures.

Methods:

We conducted this single-centric retrospective study from January 2020 to August 2021 to observe the choice of airway management techniques in endolaryngeal surgery and assess the feasibility and safety of AHFO. We also intend to propose an algorithm for airway management. We calculated the percentages of all necessary parameters to denote the trend in change of practices roughly classifying the study period as prepandemic, pandemic and postpandemic.

Results:

A total of 413 patients were analysed in our study. The changing trend over preference of AHFO from prepandemic (72%) and dominance of AHFO (92.5%) in the postpandemic period are the most significant observations of our study with 17% patients needing conversion to tube in-tube out technique due to desaturation which is comparable to 14% in prepandemic period.

Conclusion:

The tubeless field provided by AHFO replaced the conventional airway management techniques. Our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of AHFO for endolaryngeal surgeries. We also propose an algorithm for anaesthetists involved in laryngology unit.