bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the situation of bystanders to inform anti-bullying interventions
Authors: Cohane Samantha K. , Schneider Barry H.
Published: October 2024

Bystanders who witness a bully-victim exchange at their school differ from bystanders who witness many incidents of violence in their community, due to the web of mutual relationships that exist within a school setting. Research conducted in many countries has revealed a variety of ways in which peers too often support and encourage bullies, thereby reinforcing the bully’s behavior and further marginalizing their victims. This elucidates the potential benefits of channeling bystanders’ neutrality into opposition to bullying that is beneficial and supportive of victims. This goal has been incorporated into preventive anti-bullying interventions that have been implemented and evaluated. In this paper, we focus on the contention that systematic anti-bullying intervention in schools and communities can affect the stance of bystanders. We pay particular attention to the KiVa program, which was originally developed in Finland but has since been implemented in schools throughout many countries due to promising data regarding its effectiveness as well as its emphasis on the role of bystanders. We discuss the data documenting the effectiveness of preventive school-based anti-bullying programs, considering the proposition that these programs reduce bullying at least partially by improving bystander behavior. Despite ample evidence that KiVa reduces bullying, there is little specific data showing that the effects of KiVa are mediated by improvements in bystander behavior. The paper concludes with speculation about the possibility of a more direct and active mobilization of student mediators and student leaders to influence the behavior of bystanders in their classrooms and schools.
Partnership and relationship happiness in endometriosis related chronic pelvic pain: a multicenter case–control study
Authors: el Hadad Samia , Schwartz Alexandra Sabrina Kohl , Gassner Clarissa , Haeberlin Felix , von Orelli Stephanie , Imesch Patrick , Leeners Brigitte
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Partnership is an important resource in dealing with endometriosis related chronic pain. Hence, our objective was to assess partnership in the context of endometriosis and its symptoms, considering the perspectives of both individuals involved.

Methods

The study was designed as a multi-center matched case–control study in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Altogether 381 women with surgically/histologically confirmed endometriosis and 381 control women, 250 male partners of endometriosis-affected women and 229 of control women were evaluated. Partnership quality, partnership happiness, separation thoughts, and areas of conflict were evaluated through the Partnership Questionnaire and a validated list of conflict areas.

Results

Quality of partnership was rated as high by 60.1% of the women with endometriosis and 66.7% of the control women, as well as by 45.8 and 50.2% of their respective partners. Women with endometriosis mentioned separation thoughts, mostly related to sexual satisfaction, more often (34.9%/28.3%) and experienced more partnership-related conflicts than control women. Chronic pain, dyspareunia, dissatisfaction with sexuality, fatigue, and infertility were significantly associated with partnership conflicts. Fatigue and infertility but not pain experiences were related to lower partnership quality. Male partners in both groups reported separation thoughts equally often. In men, a high intensity of pain experienced by their partner was associated with reduced partnership happiness.

Conclusion

Given the significance of partnership in dealing with chronic diseases and the connection between symptoms of endometriosis and a decrease in partnership quality, it is essential to incorporate strategies that alleviate the negative impacts on relationships for both partners into medical support.

Clinical trial registration

identifier NCT 02511626.
Interoception and body image in breast cancer patients: a mindfulness-based stress reduction protocol
Authors: Sebri Valeria , Pizzoli Silvia Francesca Maria , Marzorati Chiara , Mazzocco Ketti , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer impairs physical and psychological well-being, even some years after treatments. Oncological treatments can strongly affect the body due to scars and breast(s) removal, for example, increasing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychological studies are effective in improving breast cancer survivors’ emotions and behaviors through several approaches to interventions. Over years, the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been evaluated as an effective intervention to promote well-being in breast cancer survivors. The present study protocol aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a MBSR intervention in regulating interoceptive sensations, as the ability to be aware of inner sensations. Second, it seeks to identify changes in interoceptive feelings, mood, and body perception following the intervention. These changes will be evaluated across three data collection times to assess differences about emotions and body perception over time, focusing on their relevance for breast cancer survivors’ well-being. Finally, the present study protocol aims to detect improvements in anxiety, depression, and body awareness, considering the potential positive impact of the MBSR approach on emotional well-being. Direction for future psychological intervention are given.
From antidepressants and psychotherapy to oxytocin, vagus nerve stimulation, ketamine and psychedelics: how established and novel treatments can improve social functioning in major depression
Authors: Kupferberg Aleksandra , Hasler Gregor
Published: October 2024

Social cognitive deficits and social behavior impairments are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and affect the quality of life and recovery of patients. This review summarizes the impact of standard and novel treatments on social functioning in MDD and highlights the potential of combining different approaches to enhance their effectiveness. Standard treatments, such as antidepressants, psychotherapies, and brain stimulation, have shown mixed results in improving social functioning, with some limitations and side effects. Newer treatments, such as intranasal oxytocin, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, have demonstrated positive effects on social cognition and behavior by modulating self-referential processing, empathy, and emotion regulation and through enhancement of neuroplasticity. Animal models have provided insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these treatments, such as the role of neuroplasticity. Future research should explore the synergistic effects of combining different treatments and investigate the long-term outcomes and individual differences in response to these promising interventions.
Automotive workers: the role of coordinative and conditional abilities as effectiveness wellness indicator
Authors: Rodio Angelo , Di Libero Tommaso , Biffi Alessandro , Fernando Fredrick , Fattorini Luigi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Noncommunicable diseases are on the rise due to sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommend maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity, particularly in the workplace. Prolonged and repetitive work tasks can result in extended sick leave and decreased productivity while at work. Therefore, it is important to identify predictive factors that can act as indicators of the health status of employees. Utilizing motor abilities assessment tests can help to identify health issues at an early stage. Promoting preventive health measures is crucial for addressing chronic diseases and enhancing overall occupational well-being. The purpose of the study was to characterize workers’ motor abilities and fitness levels and identify potential indicators.

Methods

A total of 605 workers participated in this study, including 529 male participants with a height of 176 ± 0.09 cm and a body mass of 75.9 ± 14.1 kg and 77 female participants with a height of 162 ± 0.11 cm and an average body mass of 58.9 ± 11.1 kg. These individuals were enrolled during an Italian automotive corporation’s mandatory annual medical check-up. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their occupational roles: blue-collar, manager, and white-collar groups. The participants underwent motor abilities assessment tests for upper-limb strength, trunk flexibility, and reaction time.

Results

The blue-collar group reported the best results in upper-limb strength (93.3 kgf ± 18.60), but had the worst results in flexibility (21.7 cm ± 7.90), total reaction time (58.8 s ± 4.74); and average intermedium (0.68 ms ± 0.11). The white-collar group reported the best result in flexibility (23.7 cm ± 8.94) and reaction time (48.5 s ± 4.38; 0.64 ms ± 0.09).

Conclusion

Despite being frequently used to assess health status, handgrip measurements may not provide accurate differentiations because of the common use of blue-collar workers for tasks that require upper-limb strength. In contrast, reaction time metrics appear more reliable and discriminative in evaluating a worker’s physical fitness.
Sociodemographic aspects, beliefs about lifestyles, and religiosity as predictors of life satisfaction in Peruvian university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saintila Jacksaint , Javier-Aliaga David , Valle-Chafloque Ana , Casas-Gálvez Christian , Barreto-Espinoza Luz Antonia , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Beliefs and practices related to healthy lifestyles and religiosity can play an important role in overall well-being. However, few studies have explored the association between these factors and life satisfaction in the university context. This study examined the association between sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle beliefs, and religiosity with life satisfaction in university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted during the months of March and May 2024 at a private university located in the northern region of Peru. Validated instruments were distributed that included a lifestyle beliefs scale, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire-Short Form (SCSRFQ-SF), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and a sociodemographic data section. A total of 1,258 students participated in the study. Multiple linear regression models were used for predictive analysis.

Results

Being a student of foreign origin, compared to being Peruvian, is negatively and significantly associated with life satisfaction (β = −0.066, p = 0.003). In contrast, a positive association is observed between belonging to the Faculty of Health Sciences (β = 0.119, p = 0.048) and life satisfaction, compared to students from other faculties. Furthermore, lifestyle beliefs (β = 0.579; p < 0.001) and religiosity (β = 0.182; p < 0.001) are positively and significantly associated with life satisfaction.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that universities and health professionals should consider promoting healthy lifestyles and supporting religious practices as important strategies to improve student life satisfaction, considering relevant sociodemographic aspects.
Multi-level barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based antipsychotics in the treatment of early-phase schizophrenia
Authors: Carroll Allison J. , Robinson Delbert G. , Kane John M. , Kordon Avram , Bannon Jennifer , Walunas Theresa L. , Brown C. Hendricks
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications and clozapine are effective yet underutilized medical therapies in early intervention services. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pre-implementation evaluation of contextual determinants of early intervention programs to implement innovations optimizing LAI antipsychotic and clozapine use within a shared decision-making model.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews explored barriers and facilitators to implementing LAI antipsychotics and clozapine in early intervention services. Participants were: prescribers (n = 2), non-prescribing clinicians (n = 5), administrators (n = 3), clients (n = 3), and caregivers (n = 3). Interviews were structured and analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR 2.0).

Results

Participants were supportive of using LAI antipsychotics, despite barriers (e.g., transportation, insurance coverage), while most were unfamiliar with clozapine (Innovation). Critical incidents (e.g., COVID-19) did not interfere with implementation, while barriers included lack of performance measures; stigma affecting willingness to take medication; and clozapine considered to be a “last resort” (Outer Setting). Treatment culture was described as client-centered and collaborative, and most participants indicated LAI antipsychotic use was compatible with clinic workflows, but some were in need of resources (e.g., individuals trained to administer LAI antipsychotics; Inner Setting). Participants on the healthcare team expressed confidence in their roles. Family education and collaborative decision-making were recommended to improve client/family engagement (Individuals). Participants related the importance of tracking medication compliance, addressing client concerns, and providing prescribers with updated guidelines on evidence-based treatment (Implementation Process).

Discussion

Results may guide implementation strategy selection for future programs seeking to optimize the use of LAI antipsychotics and clozapine for early-phase schizophrenia, when appropriate.
A single-arm pilot study of a brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia intervention among Japanese occupational therapy and physical therapy university students with sleep disturbances
Authors: Kawakatsu Yuki , Takahata Miki , Satake Shinji , Sato Toshiaki , Eakman Aaron
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of the Sleep Health through University Student Habits (SHUSH) program, a brief sleep improvement intervention based upon principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) developed for Japanese university students.

Methods

Pretest-posttest, single-arm pilot study design with 3-month follow up was used to evaluate the feasibility of SHUSH. We developed then offered a 90-min sleep education class based upon the two-process model of sleep regulation, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and sleep hygiene. We recommended individualized sleep prescriptions (e.g., prescribed time to bed and prescribed time out of bed) from 11 days of daily sleep diary data. We then offered 15 min of individualized follow-up meetings each week for three consecutive weeks in person or online in which we supported adherence to sleep prescriptions. Fifteen university students with self-reported sleep disturbance (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI score ≥ 9) completed the SHUSH program. Participants were on average age 19.7 years old; nine were women, and they were students in occupational therapy and physical therapy. We assessed validated Japanese versions of sleep-related (e.g., ISI, Sleep hygiene practice scale; SHPS), mental health-related (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and daily sleep diary variables (e.g., sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency).

Results

Comparing baseline and posttest data, a statistically significant difference was observed in insomnia symptom severity, daytime sleepiness, sleep hygiene practices, eveningness to morningness, anxiety, depression, sleep diary improvements (e.g., sleep onset latency, total time in bed, and sleep efficiency). Comparing posttest and 3-mo follow up data (n = 10), a statistically significant difference wasn't observed for most PRO effects. However, there was a statistically significant difference in ineffective sleep behaviors (i.e., SHPS-J). We did observe a rebound effect for some SHPS-J items.

Conclusion

SHUSH was developed as a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for insomnia. SHUSH participants showed improvements on sleep-related and mental health-related PROs after 4 weeks of intervention. At 3 months follow-up sleep quality and mental health gains were maintained. SHUSH was a feasible program. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test treatment efficacy on sleep related and mental health related PROs in the future.
Single-Cell Recording: An Inside Look at a Brain Cell’s Work
Authors: Oberhauser Cassandra L. , Hout Michael C.
Published: October 2024

The brain is made up of thousands of cells that make sense of what a person experiences. These cells, which are called neurons, all have different jobs depending on where they are in the brain. Scientists use multiple methods to collect information about how and when neurons react; this is sort of like taking a picture of the brain’s activity! To understand the jobs neurons do, researchers generally use methods that do not go directly into the brain. These approaches are commonly used because they are convenient; however, because they are “pictures” taken from outside the skull, the information they provide scientists may be incomplete or inaccurate. Fortunately, it is also possible for researchers to use a method that goes directly inside the brain tissue, called single-cell recording, to more accurately capture what a neuron is doing.
Understanding Success: An Initial Investigation Considering the Alignment of University Branding with the Expectations of Future Students
Authors: O’Sullivan Helen , Polkinghorne Martyn , O’Sullivan Mike
Published: October 2024

This research investigates how university students define and perceive success, an area that is increasingly important to ensuring that a university’s brand remains aligned to the expectations of future students. Over the next decade, university students will comprise members of Generation Z (Gen Z), and by recognizing this group of students’ preferences and aspirations, universities can tailor their branding, educational portfolio, and overall campus experiences to ensure that together they resonate and satisfy evolving needs and demands. Using data based on a sample of Gen Z undergraduate students undertaking their degrees at three case study UK post-1992 universities, this research adopted an exploratory, interpretivist methodology. Data collected from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using recursive abstraction to identify underlying patterns and trends within the data. The research identified five key themes that Gen Z are using to define success, and these are the following: (1) being objective and task-driven; (2) embracing fluidity and subjectivity; (3) being ethically and morally responsible; (4) having resilience; and (5) accepting and learning from failure. Recommendations were made for actions that universities should start to take to enable them to work toward achieving this.
Global Trends and Practices of Industry 4.0 Applications in the Clothing Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Monteiro Renan Albino , Junior Djalma Silva Guimarães , Sobral Eryka Fernanda Miranda , Falcão Pedro Henrique de Barros , Melo Fagner José Coutinho de , Bastos-Filho Carmelo
Published: October 2024

The potential of Industry 4.0 enabling tools is emerging as a strategic factor for the adaptation and innovation of companies in the clothing sector. Thus, the aim is to identify global trends and practices in I4.0 applications in the clothing sector based on a systematic literature review. From the systematic literature review, 11 articles were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results showed global trends in the application of I4.0 enabling tools, such as the Internet of Things, Cybersecurity and Additive Manufacturing, in addition to the benefits that I4.0 can provide in manufacturing, such as the possibility of efficient processes with lower operating costs. When studying the perception of businesspeople, the most critical dimensions were: vertical integration, flexibility, data analysis, supply chain integration, traceability, remote production monitoring, strategy, organizational culture and people. The originality of the paper is highlighted by its specific sectoral focus, emerging applications of Industry 4.0 and holistic approach to the value chain. In addition to the academic contribution in terms of mapping key global trends, identifying challenges and opportunities and providing a basis for future research, the results can provide practical recommendations for companies in the apparel sector seeking to start or accelerate their digital transformation journey.
Evaluating Belizean Sugarcane Farmers’ Adoption Intentions Regarding Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Leonardo Tzul Yuri , Chen Szu-Hung , Liou Gwo-Bao , Hsieh Chi-Ming
Published: October 2024

Sugarcane is vital to Belize’s economy, significantly contributing to its Gross Domestic Product and supporting a large portion of the population. It is necessary to address the declining soil health in this nation due to excessive chemical fertilizer use, and Belize aims to promote organic fertilizers, which enhance soil quality and reduce environmental impacts. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of adoption intentions regarding organic fertilizers among Belizean sugarcane farmers using the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action. Data were collected from 207 farmers in the Orange Walk and Corozal districts using a non-probability sampling approach via a self-administered questionnaire measuring perceived health risks, environmental concerns, attitudes, subjective norms, and adoption intentions. The results revealed that both perceived health risks and environmental concerns influenced farmers’ attitudes and subjective norms, which, in turn, affected their adoption intentions, as revealed through path analysis; socio-economic factors, years of farming experience, and ownership background partially affected adoption intentions regarding organic fertilizers, as determined via binary logistic regression analysis. The findings suggest that raising farmers’ awareness of health risks and environmental crises, as well as enhancing farmers’ knowledge and their positive attitudes towards the use of organic fertilizers, will contribute to the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry in Belize. Some interventions by policymakers are recommended to support the transition to the use of organic fertilizers in sugarcane farming.
Nationwide Survey of Vector-Borne Diseases in Rodents and Mites in Korea: Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia
Authors: Kim Beoul , Lee You-Jeong , Kwak Dongmi , Seo Min-Goo
Published: October 2024

Rodents are reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, making it essential to study both rodents and their ectoparasites. In 2022 and 2023, we investigated the spatial distribution of rodents and their mites across Korea, focusing on three vector-borne diseases (VBDs): Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia. A total of 835 wild rodents were collected from 16 locations, each consisting of five distinct environmental settings (mountains, waterways, reservoirs, fields, and paddy fields), with 20 traps per setting, totaling 100 Sherman live folding traps per site. Each rodent was identified using a taxonomic key, and post-mortem examinations led to the collection of 7971 mites (498 pools), followed by PCR analysis. Among the rodents, Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in 10.3%, Ehrlichia muris in 0.5%, Ehrlichia ruminantium in 0.2%, and Rickettsia raoultii in 2.9%. In mites, A. phagocytophilum was found in 8.8%, E. muris in 0.2%, R. raoultii in 0.2%, R. endosymbiont in 1.6%, and R. australis in 1.2%. This study marks the first detection of E. muris and R. raoultii in Korean rodents and the first global discovery of E. ruminantium in rodents. The detection of multiple pathogens in mites worldwide highlights the importance of continuous VBD monitoring to mitigate public health risks.
Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon of the Horse Forelimb and Its Relationship with the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon: A Plastination, Histological, and Morphometry Study
Authors: Eren Gulsum , López-Albors Octavio , Guilabert Segura Ruth , Jordan Montesinos Joana , Latorre Rafael
Published: October 2024

The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFT) plays a crucial role in the stay apparatus of the horse. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical relationship between the AL-DDFT, the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), and other structures in the metacarpal region. Sixteen distal forelimbs from eight horses, aged 1 to 6 years, were evaluated through macroscopic, microscopic, and morphometric analyses, utilizing detailed dissection, E12 plastinated sections, and histological analysis. During lateral dissection, a connection was observed between the AL-DDFT and the SDFT. Histological evaluation revealed that this connection was a fibrous band (FB), extending the common synovial sheath (CSS) to the SDFT, along with associated collagen fibrils of the epiligament and peritenon. Additionally, two distinct forms of the AL-DDFT were identified, Type I and Type II, with Type II showing a greater cross-sectional area (CSA) than Type I. While numerous morphological and morphometric studies have explored the AL-DDFT and related structures, research incorporating plastination-based morphological and histological evaluations remains scarce. The findings provide valuable insights for both the morphological and clinical assessment of structures within the metacarpal region.
Molecular Screening and Characterization of Enteric Protozoan Parasites and Microsporidia in Wild Ducks from Portugal
Authors: Gomes-Gonçalves Sara , Rodrigues David , Santos Nuno , Gantois Nausicaa , Chabé Magali , Viscogliosi Eric , Mesquita João R.
Published: October 2024

Enteric parasites pose significant threats to both human and veterinary health, ranking among the top causes of mortality worldwide. Wild migratory waterfowl, such as ducks, may serve as hosts and vectors for these parasites, facilitating their transmission across ecosystems. This study conducted a molecular screening of enteric parasites in three species of wild ducks of the genus Anas (A. acuta, A. platyrhynchos and A. crecca) from Portugal, targeting Blastocystis sp., Balantioides coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp., and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Fecal samples from 71 ducks were analyzed using PCR and sequencing techniques. The results revealed a 2.82% occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtype 7 and Cryptosporidium baileyi, marking the first molecular detection of these pathogens in wild ducks in Portugal. While previous studies have documented these parasites in Anas spp. in other regions, this study contributes novel data specific to the Portuguese context. No evidence of Balantioides coli, Encephalitozoon spp. or Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found. These findings highlight the potential role of migratory ducks as vectors for zoonotic protozoa, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance of avian populations to mitigate cross-species transmission risks. Further research is warranted to understand the global public health implications associated with migratory waterfowl.
Genome Survey of Male Rana dybowskii to Further Understand the Sex Determination Mechanism
Authors: Xu Yuan , Liu Hanyu , Jiang Xinshuai , Zhang Xinning , Liu Jiayu , Tian Yaguang , Bai Xiujuan , Cui Shiquan , Di Shengwei
Published: October 2024

Rana dybowskii is one of the important aquaculture species in Northeast China. The fallopian tubes of female R. dybowskii are used to prepare oviductus ranae (an important traditional Chinese medicine). Therefore, R. dybowskii females have higher economical value than males. An increasing female R. dybowskii population can increase the benefits from R. dybowskii culture. However, the genome of amphibians is complex, making it difficult to investigate their sex determination mechanism. In this study, we analyzed the genome of male R. dybowskii using next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 200,046,452,400 bp of clean data were obtained, and the K-mer analysis indicated that the depth was 50×. The genome size of R. dybowskii was approximately 3585.05 M, with a heterozygosity rate, repeat sequence ratio, and genome GC content of 1.15%, 68.96%, and approximately 43.0%, respectively. In total, 270,785 contigs and 498 scaffolds were generated. The size of the contigs and scaffolds was 3,748,543,415 and 3,765,862,278 bp, respectively, with the N50 length of 31,988 and 336,385,783. The longest contig and scaffold were of the size 137,967,485 and 1,808,367,828 bp, respectively. The number of contigs and scaffolds > 10K nt was 99,620 and 451, respectively. Through annotation, 40,913 genes were obtained, including 156,609 CDS (i.e., 3.83 CDS per gene). Sequence alignment was performed with the assembled scaffolding genome in this study. Two and one fragment had high homology with two male-specific DNA molecular markers of R. dybowskii discovered previously (namely, MSM-222 and MSM-261, respectively). In addition, the Dmrt1 gene of R. dybowskii was obtained with a length of 18,893 bp by comparison and splicing. The forward primers amplifying MSM-222 and MSM-261 were located at 322–343 and 14,501–14,526 bp of Dmrt1, respectively. However, sequence alignment revealed that MSM-222 and MSM-261 were not located on Dmrt1, and only some homologous parts were observed. This indicated that in addition to Dmrt1, other important genes may play a crucial role in the sex determination mechanism of R. dybowskii. Our study provided a foundation for the subsequent high-quality genome construction and provided important genomic resources for future studies on R. dybowskii.
Monitoring of Airborne Pollen: A Patent Review
Authors: Cuevas-González Daniel , Delgado-Torres Juan C. , Reyna M. A. , Altamira-Colado Eladio , García-Vázquez Juan Pablo , Sánchez-Barajas Martín Aarón , L. Avitia Roberto
Published: October 2024

Air pollution is recognized by the World Health Organization as the major environmental threat; therefore, air quality is constantly being monitored by monitoring stations. However, the most common atmospheric pollutants being monitored do not include pollen. Among the reasons for the lack of pollen control is that there are different types and sizes of pollen. The largest particles commonly being monitored by air monitoring stations have a maximum aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns, while the aerodynamic diameter of most pollen grains is known to range from 10 to 100 microns. For this reason, most pollen is not being detected by air monitoring stations. For the patents found in a literature review, monitoring pollen concentration in the air requires the discrimination of pollen grains from particulate matter of a similar size, as well as the identification of the type of pollen grains detected, since different pollen types may produce different effects, such as allergic reactions, asthma, and lung cancer, in exposed people. In this work, 15 patent documents regarding pollen monitoring were identified and reviewed using three search engines: Google Patents, WIPO’s PatentScope, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. The extracted data from the patents included whether they differentiate pollen type, pollen size, and sensor type and whether they provide real-time data. The results show that 93.33% of the patents identify pollen type, while 80% of the patents identify pollen size. Most of the patents use light-scattering and image sensors and use image processing techniques to analyze particles. Furthermore, 40% of the patents were found to implement artificial intelligence. Further, it was found that only nine patents provide real-time data, which is an important feature of an air monitoring system.
Analysis of the Meteorological Conditions and Atmospheric Numerical Simulation of an Aircraft Icing Accident
Authors: Liu Haoya , Peng Shurui , Fang Rong , Li Yaohui , Duan Lian , Wang Ten , Mao Chengyan , Lin Zisheng
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of the general aviation industry in China, the influence of high-impact aeronautical weather events, such as aircraft icing, on flight safety has become more and more prominent. On 1 March 2021, an aircraft conducting weather modification operations crashed over Ji’an City, due to severe icing. Using multi-source meteorological observations and atmospheric numerical simulations, we analyzed the meteorological causes of this icing accident. The results indicate that a cold front formed in northwestern China and then moved southward, which is the main weather system in the icing area. Based on the icing index, we conducted an analysis of the temperature, relative humidity, cloud liquid water path, effective particle radius, and vertical flow field, it was found that aircraft icing occurred behind the ground front, where warm-moist airflows rose along the front to result in a rapid increase of water vapor in 600–500 hPa. The increase of water vapor, in conjunction with low temperature, led to the formation of a cold stratiform cloud system. In this cloud system, there were a large number of large cloud droplets. In addition, the frontal inversion increased the atmospheric stability, allowing cloud droplets to accumulate in the low-temperature region and forming meteorological conditions conducive to icing. The Weather Research and Forecasting model was employed to provide a detailed description of the formation process of the atmospheric conditions conducive to icing, such as the uplifting motion along the front and supercooled water. Based on a real case, we investigated the formation process of icing-inducing meteorological conditions under the influence of a front in detail in this study and verified the capability of a numerical model to simulate the meteorological environment of frontal icing, in order to provide a valuable reference for meteorological early warnings and forecasts for general aviation.
Economic Assessment of Meteorological Information Services for Capture Fisheries in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hen-I , Sheu Sheng-Jang , Chen Chu-Wei , Wen Fang-I , Yang Chin-Wen , Liou Je-Liang , Chen Meng-Wei , Hsu Jen-Hung , Chang Yu-Chieh
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the economic benefits of meteorological information services (MISs) provided by the Central Weather Administration (CWA) in Taiwan, specifically for Taiwan’s capture fishery industry. Using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and conducting in-person interviews, we collected questionnaires from capture fishery practitioners nationwide to gather their subjective evaluations of the meteorological information services provided by the CWA. Based on these evaluations, we further investigated the respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the CWA’s meteorological information services. An empirical analysis of the bid function was conducted to identify the key factors influencing the respondents’ bidding behavior. The empirical findings indicate that the primary factors affecting bids include subjective perceptions (such as forecast accuracy ratings and the ratings of the impacts on fishing production), working location, fishing vessel tonnage, and fishing methods. The median WTP for Taiwanese capture fishery practitioners is Taiwan dollar (TWD) 2111.12 per person per year. Based on the number of capture fishery practitioners in Taiwan in 2019, the total annual economic value of applying MIS in coastal and offshore fisheries is estimated to be between TWD 376 million and TWD 496 million per year.
Fossil Diesel, Soybean Biodiesel and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil: A Numerical Analysis of Emissions Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics at Diesel Engine Like Conditions
Authors: Cancino Leonel R. , Rebelo Jessica F. , Kraus Felipe da C. , Cavalcanti Eduardo H. de S. , Pimentel Valéria S. de B. , Maia Decio M. , Sá Ricardo A. B. de
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, emissions from internal combustion engines are a relevant topic of investigation, taking into account the continuous reduction of emission limits imposed by environmental regulatory agencies around the world, obviously as the result of earnest studies that have pointed out the impact on the human health of high levels of contaminants released into the environment. Over recent years, the use of biofuels has contributed to attenuating this environmental issue; however, new problems have been raised, such as NOx emissions tend to increase as the biofuel percentage in the fuel used in engines increases. In this research, the emissions of a compression ignition internal combustion engine modeled as a variable volume reactor with homogeneous combustion were numerically investigated. To analyze the combustion process, a detailed kinetics model tailored specifically for this purpose was used. The kinetics model comprised 30,975 chemical reactions involving 691 chemical species. Mixtures of fuel surrogates were then created to represent the fuel used in the Brazilian fuel marketplace, involving (i) fossil diesel—“diesel A”, (ii) soybean diesel—“biodiesel”, and (iii) hydrotreated vegetable oil— “HVO”. Surrogate species were then selected for each of the aforementioned fuels, and blends of those surrogates were then proposed as mixture M1 (diesel A:biodiesel:HVO—90:10:0), mixture M2 (diesel A:biodiesel:HVO—85:15:0), and mixture M3 (diesel A:biodiesel:HVO—80:15:5). The species allowed in the kinetics model included all the fuel surrogates used in this research as well as the target emission species of this study: total hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, soot, and soot precursors. When compared to experimental trends of emissions available in the literature, it was observed that, for all the proposed fuel surrogates blends, the numerical approach performed in this research was able to capture qualitative trends for engine power and the target emissions in the whole ranges of engine speeds and engine loads, despite the CO and NOx emissions at specific engine speeds and loads.
The Non-Monotonic Response of Cumulus Congestus to the Concentration of Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Authors: Deng Xin , Fu Shizuo , Xue Huiwen
Published: October 2024

This study uses idealized simulations to investigate the impact of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on a cumulus congestus. Thirteen cases with the initial CCN_C, which is the CCN concentration at 1% supersaturation with respect to water, from 10 to 10,000 cm−3 are simulated. The analysis focuses on the liquid phase due to the negligible ice phase in this study. A non-monotonic response of cloud properties and precipitation to CCN concentration is observed. When CCN_C is increased from 10 to 50 cm−3, the enhanced condensation due to the more numerous droplets invigorates the cumulus congestus. The delayed precipitation formation due to the smaller droplets also facilitates the cloud development. The two processes together lead to a higher liquid water path (LWP), higher cloud top, and heavier precipitation. The cumulus congestus has the highest cloud top, the strongest updraft, and the most accumulated precipitation and at CCN_C = 50 cm−3. When CCN_C is increased from 50 to 500 cm−3, the condensation near the cloud base is further enhanced and the precipitation is further delayed, both of which lead to more liquid water remaining in the cloud, and thus an even higher LWP and heavier precipitation rate in the later stage. However, the significantly enhanced evaporation near the cloud top limits the vertical development of the cumulus congestus, leading to a lower cloud top. When CCN_C is further increased to be higher than 1000 cm−3, the cumulus congestus is strongly suppressed, and no precipitation forms. The ratio of the precipitation production rate to vertical cloud water flux in the updraft is not a constant, as is generally assumed in cumulus parameterization schemes, but decreases significantly with increasing CCN concentration. It is also found that the CCN effect on the cumulus congestus relies on which parameters are used to describe the cloud strength. In this study, as CCN_C increases, the LWP and the maximum precipitation rate peak at CCN_C = 500 cm−3, while the cloud top height, maximum updraft, and accumulated precipitation amount peak at CCN_C = 50 cm−3.
Optimizing Energy Management and Sizing of Photovoltaic Batteries for a Household in Granada, Spain: A Novel Approach Considering Time Resolution
Authors: Rus-Casas Catalina , Gilabert-Torres Carlos , Fernández-Carrasco Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2024

As residential adoption of renewable energy sources increases, optimizing rooftop photovoltaic systems (RTPVs) with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) is key for enhancing self-sufficiency and reducing dependence on the grid. This study introduces a novel methodology for sizing Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), with the objective of minimizing the cost of imported energy while accounting for battery degradation. The battery model integrated nonlinear degradation effects and was evaluated in a real case study, considering different temporal data resolutions and various energy management strategies. For BESS capacities ranging from 1 to 5 kWh, the economic analysis demonstrated cost-effectiveness, with a Net Present Value (NPV) ranging from 54.53 € to 181.40 € and discounted payback periods (DPBs) between 6 and 10 years. The proposed HEMS extended battery lifespan by 22.47% and improved profitability by 21.29% compared to the current HEMS when applied to a 10 kWh BESS. Sensitivity analysis indicated that using a 5 min resolution could reduce NPV by up to 184.68% and increase DPB by up to 43.12% compared to a 60 min resolution for batteries between 1 and 5 kWh. This underscores the critical impact of temporal resolution on BESS sizing and highlights the need to balance accuracy with computational efficiency.
Surfactant-Assisted NiCo2S4 for Redox Supercapacitors
Authors: Amedzo-Adore Mawuse , Han Jeong-In
Published: October 2024

Until now, crystalline NiCo2S4 and its composites have demonstrated improved performance in supercapacitor applications compared to their oxide analogues due to their relatively higher electrical conductivity and multifaceted redox reaction. However, amorphous phase materials have recently shown promise in electrochemical energy storage systems. This work reports on amorphous NiCo2S4 with the help of urea via the hydrothermal method. It was noted that urea not only aided the amorphous formation but also served as a nitrogen precursor. In comparison, amorphous NiCo2S4 demonstrated a higher nitrogen atom% of 5.9 compared to 4.49 for crystalline NiCo2S4. Furthermore, the amorphous NiCo2S4 electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of ~3506 F g−1, which was higher than the cNCS electrode’s specific capacitance of ~2185 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. Additionally, aNCS in a two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance and an energy density of ~196 F g−1 and 56 Wh kg−1, respectively.
Effects of Storage Voltage upon Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Tengfei , Kishore Brij , Lakhdar Yazid , Chen Lin , Slater Peter R. , Kendrick Emma
Published: October 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining attention as a safer, more cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their use of abundant and non-critical materials. A notable feature of SIBs is their ability to utilize aluminum current collectors, which are resistant to oxidation, allowing for safer storage at 0 V. However, the long-term impacts of such storage on their electrochemical performance remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigates how storage conditions at various states of charge (SOCs) affect open circuit voltage (OCV) decay, internal resistance, and post-storage cycling stability in two different Na-ion chemistries: Prussian white//hard carbon and layered oxide//hard carbon. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy before and after storage shows a pronounced increase in internal resistance and a corresponding decline in cycling performance when SIBs are stored in a fully discharged state (0 V), particularly for layered oxide-based cells, illustrating the sensitivity of different SIB chemistries to storage conditions. Additionally, a novel reformation protocol is proposed that reactivates cell capacity by rebuilding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, offering a recovery path after prolonged storage. These insights into the long-term storage effects on SIBs provide new guidelines for optimizing storage and transport conditions to minimize performance degradation, making them more viable for commercial applications.
Optimizing EEG Signal Integrity: A Comprehensive Guide to Ocular Artifact Correction
Authors: Ronca Vincenzo , Capotorto Rossella , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Giorgi Andrea , Vozzi Alessia , Germano Daniele , Virgilio Valerio Di , Borghini Gianluca , Cartocci Giulia , Rossi Dario , Inguscio Bianca M. S. , Babiloni Fabio , Aricò Pietro
Published: October 2024

Ocular artifacts, including blinks and saccades, pose significant challenges in the analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) data, often obscuring crucial neural signals. This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to the most effective methods for correcting these artifacts, with a focus on algorithms designed for both laboratory and real-world settings. We review traditional approaches, such as regression-based techniques and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), alongside more advanced methods like Artifact Subspace Reconstruction (ASR) and deep learning-based algorithms. Through detailed step-by-step instructions and comparative analysis, this tutorial equips researchers with the tools necessary to maintain the integrity of EEG data, ensuring accurate and reliable results in neurophysiological studies. The strategies discussed are particularly relevant for wearable EEG systems and real-time applications, reflecting the growing demand for robust and adaptable solutions in applied neuroscience.
An Effective DNA Methylation Biomarker Screening Mechanism for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Based on Comorbidities and Gene Function Analysis
Authors: Yang Cing-Han , Huang Jhen-Li , Tsai Li-Kai , Taniar David , Pai Tun-Wen
Published: October 2024

This study used epigenomic methylation differential expression analysis to identify primary biomarkers in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We combined electronic medical record datasets from MIMIC-IV (United States) and NHIRD (Taiwan) to explore ALS comorbidities in depth and discover any comorbidity-related biomarkers. We also applied word2vec to these two clinical diagnostic medical databases to measure similarities between ALS and other similar diseases and evaluated the statistical assessment of the odds ratio to discover significant comorbidities for ALS subjects. Important and representative DNA methylation biomarker candidates could be effectively selected by cross-comparing similar diseases to ALS, comorbidity-related genes, and differentially expressed methylation loci for ALS subjects. The screened epigenomic and comorbidity-related biomarkers were clustered based on their genetic functions. The candidate DNA methylation biomarkers associated with ALS were comprehensively discovered. Gene ontology annotations were then applied to analyze and cluster the candidate biomarkers into three different groups based on gene function annotations. The results showed that a potential testing kit for ALS detection can be composed of SOD3, CACNA1H, and ERBB4 for effective early screening of ALS using blood samples. By developing an effective DNA methylation biomarker screening mechanism, early detection and prophylactic treatment of high-risk ALS patients can be achieved.