bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power, Ideology and Authority
Authors: Blank Jonah
Published: May 2019

In many religious (and other) communities, a dispute about ideology is often more accurately understood as a dispute about authority and power. Such a conflict may progress through three stages, each one more deeply challenging to the legitimacy of traditional authority structures. Whether the challenge ultimately succeeds or fails, its impact may reach far beyond the immediate issue ostensibly in contention: What might start as a narrowly-defined question of ideology or theology may evolve into a comprehensive rejection of the dominant authority’s moral foundation. This article examines such a dynamic through two case studies from the Daudi Bohra community, a denomination of Shi’a Islam spread across Asia, Africa, and four other continents. The first case involves a century-long contestation between the denomination’s apex cleric and a group of dissidents over the proper limits of clerical control. The second case, unfolding in 2014, involves a clerical dispute over succession to the hegemonic office of da’i-al mutlaq. In both cases, the Bohra experience in dealing with issues of ideology and authority provides an example illustrative of a dynamic found in many religious communities worldwide.
Sought Out for Luxury, Castrated for Lust: Mistress-Slave Sex in Tertullian’s Ad Uxorem 2.8.4
Authors: Flexsenhar Michael
Published: May 2019

While speaking to the women of his church about marriage, widowhood, and remarriage Tertullian of Carthage marshals a negative example of prosperous gentile women taking their own freedmen or slaves as their sexual partners. Common opinion is that this example was chiefly metaphorical, warning against mixed marriages between Christian women and non-Christian men. This article shows that Tertullian’s example of mistress-slave sex was a rhetorical trope also deployed in other early Christian writings that participated in a Roman literary discourse on household management (oikonomia). As such Tertullian’s example of mistress-slave sex was more than metaphorical. It sought to establish a marriage economy that regulated Christian women’s bodies for their economic resources. The example further reveals Tertullian’s economic interests in Christian marriage, tensions over gender roles and class, and a fear that some Christian women might also enter relationships with their own freedmen or slaves.
Theses on the Nature of the Leben-Jesu-Forschung
Authors: Bermejo-Rubio Fernando
Published: May 2019

Criticisms addressed to the historiographical paradigm of the so-called ‘three quests’ by several scholars with different ideological backgrounds and who have worked independently have debunked it by proving its untenable character. The present paper makes a proposal for a new paradigm which allows us to understand the quest of the historical Jesus in a more comprehensive, lucid and explanatory way. This proposal has been articulated through a set of theses, accompanied in each case by an explanation (and, sometimes, by corollaries), accomplishing a threefold task: a broader characterization of historical Jesus research, a summary discussion of the main distortions contained in the ‘three-quests’ model, and, more importantly, an exposition of the basic principles of a new paradigm.
Romani Principes Adversum Nos Provocantur: Augustine of Hippo’s Epistula 87 to Emeritus of Caesarea
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D.
Published: May 2019

Prior to the 411 colloquy at Carthage, Augustine had written to Emeritus, the Donatist bishop of Cherchell, urging him to abandon his adherence to Donatism. A complaint of the Donatists against the Caecilianists was that they urged the state to persecute Donatists. Augustine put words into Emeritus’ mouth: “… you stir up the Roman emperors against us.” (Ep. 87.8) Augustine told Emeritus that one can only be persecuted if one’s cause is right; if evil then it is legitimate punishment. In Augustine’s view the Donatists have brought imperial punishment (not persecution) upon themselves because of their schism. This paper will show how Augustine sidesteps a dilemma using Paul’s letter to the Romans: while it is true that Christians should not judge each other (Rom 14:4), it is the responsibility of the state to punish wrongdoers (Rom 13:2-4), while it is the responsibility of Christians to rehabilitate them (Rom 11:23).
Slavonic Translation of the Apocryphal Questions of Bartholomew
Authors: Chromá Martina
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with the Slavonic translation of the apocryphal Questions of Bartholomew, a literary text written most likely in Greek in the 3rd or 4th century.
Neilos Kabasilas’s Rule of Theology and the Distinction between the Light and Warmth of Fire in Neilos Kabasilas and Gregory Palamas
Authors: Biriukov Dmitry
Published: May 2019

I review the central propositions of Neilos Kabasilas's Rule of Theology and analyze the pre-history of a particular theme of vital importance for the treatise's wider theological tradition: the distinction between the warmth and light of fire (the sun) in Palamite theology. This analogy meant to clarify the distinction between the divine essence and energies, as well as between the energies themselves.
Marked by Violence: Hungarian Jewish Histories in the Wake of the White Terror, 1919–1922
Authors: Lazaroms Ilse Josepha
Published: May 2019

This essay presents a close reading of testimonies of Jewish victim-narrators in the wake of the White Terror, the counter-revolutionary violence that terrorized Hungary in the years following the First World War. It takes a narrative perspective to this remarkable set of sources by looking at how the immediate experiences of violence were narrated and placed into a larger discourse of Jewish national belonging to the Hungarian nation. As such, it brings to light the voices of unknown historical actors in the specific context of post-war Jewish Hungary, as well as in the larger history of anti-Jewish violence in the European diaspora.
Digital Multiculturalism in the Netherlands: Religious, Ethnic and Gender Positioning by Moroccan-Dutch Youth
Authors: Leurs Koen , Midden Eva , Ponzanesi Sandra
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on digital practices of Moroccan-Dutch adolescents in the Netherlands. The digital sphere is still rather understudied in the Netherlands. However, it offers a unique, entry to intersecting issues of religiosity, ethnicity and gender as well as to their implications for thinking about multiculturalism from new vantage points. What do digital practices such as online discussion board participation tell us about identity and multiculturalism? The three forms of position acquisition under discussion (gender, religion and ethnic positioning) show that neither religion, ethnicity, nor gender cease to exist in the digital realm but are constantly negotiated, reimagined and relocated. Drawing from the work of Modood, Gilroy and other critics of gender, media, multiculturalism and postcoloniality, we argue that online activities of the Moroccan-Dutch youth not only offer an important critique of mainstream media debates on multiculturalism, but also create space for alternative bottom-up interpretations of everyday practices of multiculturalism in the Netherlands.
Neuf ans d’études shīʿites (2009-2017). Bilan et perspectives
Authors: Terrier Mathieu
Published: May 2019

This article purports to report, without claiming to be exhaustive, on the recent dynamism within Shīʿi studies and their echoes throughout the various fields of Islamology. The first part will present a brief history of Shīʿi studies and the successive biases that have affected them. The second part will retrace the course of these studies over nine years (2009-2017), focusing on three collective works that rehabilitate in different ways Henry Corbin’s analyses (m. 1979), considered outdated by some. The third part will address three areas in which recent Shīʿi studies have proved particularly fruitful: the history of early Islam; the intra-Shīʿi minorities and the origins of Islam; Islamic philosophy after Averroes (d. 1198). The sum total will reflect a decompartmentalisation of Shīʿi studies both internally, between the different currents and aspects of Shīʿism, and externally, between Shīʿism and Sunnism, philosophy or Sufism.
The Animal in Epistemology
Authors: Moyal-Sharrock Danièle
Published: May 2019

In this paper, I briefly summarize the nature of Wittgenstein’s ‘hinge certainties,’ showing how they radically differ from traditional basic beliefs in their being nonepistemic, grammatical, nonpropositional, and enacted. I claim that it is these very features that enable hinge certainties to put a logical stop to justification, and thereby solve the regress problem of basic beliefs. This is a ground-breaking achievement—worthy of calling On Certainty Wittgenstein’s ‘third masterpiece.’ As I go along, I question some differing interpretations and respond to some objections from fellow-readers of On Certainty: Duncan Pritchard, Michael Williams, and Crispin Wright.
Two unusual new genera of cavernicolous Hydrometridae (Insecta: Heteroptera) from eastern Brazil
Authors: Polhemus Dan A. , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes
Published: May 2019

Two new genera of cavernicolous Hydrometridae are described from limestone caves in northeastern Brazil: Spelaeometra n. gen., with type species S. gruta n. sp., from the Lapa D’Água do Zezé, Lapa do Nestor, Lapa do Saco Velho, and Lapa do Caboclo caves in Minas Gerais state; and Cephalometra n. gen., with type species C. pallida n. sp., from the Natividade cave in Tocantins state. Both new taxa are flightless, possess reduced eyes, and exhibit other reductional character states linked to life in underground ecosystems. The new taxa are interpreted to be highly aberrant members of the family Hydrometridae, based on the possession of eyes set well forward on the head capsule, the posterior pair of cephalic trichobothria arising from distinct tubercles, the presence of an apical invagination on the fourth antennal segment, and the structure of the male parameres. They are provisionally placed in the subfamily Hydrometrinae based on the apical articulation between the first and second antennal segments. On the basis of a preponderance of shared apomorphic character states these new genera appear most closely allied to Veliometra schuhi Andersen, which is also endemic to Brazil, although currently placed in a different subfamily. Color habitus photographs and line drawings of key characters are provided for both new taxa, accompanied by maps and photographs of the caves in which the species occur.
The Lincoln Letters: A Study in Institutional Change
Authors: Davie Grace , Starkey Caroline
Published: May 2019

On Friday 2nd September 2016, The Guardian published an online article entitled ‘Bishop of Grantham first C of E bishop to declare he is in a gay relationship.’ In response, a large quantity of correspondence was sent to the Bishop from members of the public, the vast majority expressing support. In this paper, we set the empirical data contained in the letters themselves within a context of continuing change in both society and the Church of England. We consider the reactions of the Church at the ‘tipping points’ of social change as it seeks to balance its responsibilities as a guardian of ‘truth’ with the need to keep in touch with modern ways of living. A key concept underpinning our analysis will be the notion of ‘vicarious religion’, which deals with the subtle but continuing relationships between the actively faithful and a wider body of more loosely attached adherents.
The Coming of the Star-Child: The Reception of the Revelation of the Magi in New Age Religious Thought and Ufology
Authors: Landau Brent
Published: May 2019

The Revelation of the Magi is the longest and most complex ancient Christian apocryphal writing devoted to the Magi. In this paper, after discussing the basic issues surrounding the interpretation of this text, I explore the popular reception of the text after my publication of it in 2010. This popular reception has been dominated by New Age and ufological (that is, the theorizing of unidentified flying objects) interpretative perspectives. Rather than viewing these interpretations as anachronistic, the paper argues that they may have far more in common with the circumstances that gave rise to the Revelation of the Magi than might initially be supposed. Ultimately, the Revelation of the Magi can be profitably characterized as a “gnostic” text—despite its lack of a demiurge—because of its strongly countercultural religious outlook, an outlook it shares with much New Age religious thought.
Japanese Feeling for Privacy
Authors: Tamura Takanori
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we discuss the Japanese feeling of privacy. In Japan, though “Information Society” had made Japanese people aware of their privacy, Japanese like to talk about their daily life on web diaries. We presume that these tendencies towards the privacy issue were encouraged by Japanese cultural attitudes. We tested this observation (hypothesis) through content analysis of newspaper databases and web log articles using computer coding and an online survey. Through the content analysis, we found that the diffusion of information causes a sense of crisis of privacy in newspaper articles but also found people’s interest in writing about their lives. Through the online survey, we clarified existence of two axes, which are privacy and wataskushi. Opposite to discussions in information ethics, and our expectations, privacy variables are not influenced by individualistic variables or independent self-image variables. There were influenced by in-between variables and violation of reciprocity variables. The concern for watakushi was influenced by both collaborative self image, reciprocity and individualism variables. That contains contradictory attitudes. This complexity is characteristic of watakushi privacy.
The Influence of Initial Consonants on the Intrinsic Pitch of High and Low Vowels in the Malay Dialect Spoken in Pathumthani Province, Thailand
Authors: Teeranon Phanintra
Published: May 2019

High vowels tend to have higher intrinsic F0 (pitch) than low vowels (e.g. Lehiste, 1970; Whalen and Levitt, 1995). Higher intrinsic F0 occurs on vowels which follow voiceless consonants, lower intrinsic F0 occurs on vowels which follow voiced consonants. When high vowels follow voiced consonants and low vowels follow voiceless consonants, the voicing of initial consonants has been found to counterbalance the intrinsic F0 value of high and low vowels. In other words, voiced consonants will lower F0 values of high vowels, and voiceless consonants will raise F0 values of low vowels to the extent that the average F0 of these high vowels is actually lower than the average F0 of the low vowels under examination (Clark and Yallop, 1990; House and Fairbanks, 1953; Lehiste, 1970; Lehiste and Peterson, 1961; Laver, 1994). To test whether this counterbalance finding is applicable to Southeast Asian languages, the F0 values of high and low vowels following voiceless and voiced consonants were studied in a Malay dialect of the Austronesian language family spoken in Pathumthani Province, Thailand.
Teaching of German in Thailand: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Saengaramruang Wanna
Published: May 2019

This paper aims firstly to give an overview of the development of German language, teaching in Thailand at both high-school and, university levels from the past up to the, present time, since German has been taught, in Thailand for more than 80 years and its development has not been studied and documented systematically or continuously. The survey and analysis of German teaching, in Thailand in this paper deal with history, teaching approaches, curricula, the development of teaching materials, the number of German language teachers, students, and schools, the attitudes of German language teachers, the expectations of and attitudes towards German teaching among high-school students, and an analysis of the decreasing number of German language teachers and students. Furthermore, this paper also showcases other research works, support organizations, and activities for German language teaching in Thailand.
The Quranic Concept of Peace and Humanity
Authors: Salamat Patchrathanyarasm
Published: May 2019

The Quran is the principal source of reference in Islam. Some people outside the Muslim world relate the religion to violence and value Islam according to what some of its fellows, the Muslims, have done in the name of Islam. The principle of judgement thus has unfortunately drifted away from its true source and meaning. The very basic concept of peace and humanity as stated in the Quran seems to have no place in reality at all. This paper will bring such issues back to our attention and show the true teachings of this most distorted of religions.
The Blending of Thai-Muslim Musical Performances in Southern Thailand
Authors: Sumrongthong Bussakorn
Published: May 2019

Introduction

This paper is a research report of investigative fieldwork on the musical culture of the southern provinces of Thailand. The research was conducted by interviewing prominent musicians from each of the following provinces: Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phang-Nga, Phatthalung, Phuket, Satun, Songkhla, Surat Thani and Trang. The current political instability in the provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narativas prevented conducting research in these locales.
Exploring Partnerships with Common Roots: Two New Ways of Combining Classical Dance Tranditions in Mainland Southest Asian Performances
Authors: Damrhung Pornrat
Published: May 2019

This article explores two different attempts to make partnerships for the today’s stage with teams of classically-trained Southeast Asian dancers in the last three years. Working in different conditions and toward different ends, the Cambodian and Thai dancers discussed in this paper combined their classical artistic training and interests into performances differently directed toward today’s diverse dance audiences. In particular, this paper will reflect on two classically-grounded partnering projects I helped to bring into being as a contemporary theatre artist and producer: the masked dance (khon) performances done at the Sala Chalermkrung Royal Theatre in Bangkok and the Revitalising Monkeys and Giants work-in-progress with Cambodian and Thai artists. By focusing on how these pieces evolved due to their distinct blend of external conditions and artistic aims, I will raise questions about the multiple and complex reasons that prompt traditional artists to work together across national and genre boundaries in order to make new pieces that are meaningful to them and to their audiences. The larger questions raised in this essay will address the identity of these traditional artists in these new settings and what grounds the varied choices of performance partnerships for their diverse contemporary audiences. I will also consider whether these new linkages can help to strengthen dance traditions and enhance the confidence of traditional performers on the stage today.
Aspectual Properties and Polarity-Sensitivity of Copulas pen1 and khʉʉ1 in Thai
Authors: Chiravate Boonjeera
Published: May 2019

‘Pen1’ and ‘khʉʉ1’ in Thai have traditionally been regarded as copular verbs comparable to ‘be’ in English. Appearing in a copulative sentence, the two Thai copula verbs, however, differ in polarity-sensitivity. The present study demonstrates that the difference in polarity-sensitivity of the two Thai copulas cannot be accounted for within the theory of polarity-sensitive items previously proposed. Investigating the aspectual properties of the two Thai copulas in comparison with those of English copula, this study suggests that an explanation for the difference in polarity-sensitivity of the two Thai copulas might involve their aspectual properties. Contributing to the study of aspect and polarity-sensitivity, the present study reveals differences between Thai and English copulas and provides additional support for the idea that the macro-category of so-called copular verbs is too vague to describe cross-linguistic variation.
A Comparison of Experiential Grammar in Narrative Discourse Between Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism
Authors: Jeeraumporn Jeamjai , Patpong Pattama
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to compare experiential grammar in the narrative discourse of thirty typically developing Thai children and thirty Thai children with autism in elementary grades 1 to 3. Data was compiled by asking subjects to tell a narrative discourse from a wordless storybook "A Boy, a Dog, and a Frog” (Mayer 1967). Data was analyzed based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics approach and focused on experiential mode of meaning concerned with the system of Transitivity. The results revealed that children with autism used fewer clause complexes and clause simplexes than typically developing children. For the system of Transitivity, it was found that children with autism used less modified nominal groups as the Participant especially in grade 2 and 3 and they used a smaller number and less variety of process types; used a lower percentage of mental, behavioral and verbal processes; and used a lower percentage of serial verb constructions. Children with autism, especially those in grades 2 and 3, used a smaller variety of circumstance types; and used a lower percentage of clauses with complex circumstances.
New Synonyms and Typification of Myrcia sect. Myrcia (Myrtaceae)
Authors: SANTOS LEIDIANA L. , ATHIÊ-SOUZA SARAH M. , LUCAS EVE , SALES MARGARETH FERREIRA DE
Published: May 2019

Four new synonyms are here proposed for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia: Myrcia brasiliae under M. lasiantha, M. pernambucensis under M. bergiana, M. recurvata under M. ovata, and M. sosias under M. undulata. Additionally, 42 lectotypifications for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia are proposed herein.
Apicoporus haificum (Gymnodiniaceae), a new dinoflagellate species from sandy sediments of the Mediterranean Sea (Israel coast)
Authors: KRAKHMALNYI МAXIM А. , KRAKHMALNYI ALEKSANDR F.
Published: May 2019

A new dinoflagellate species (Dinophyceae, Gymnodiniales)—Apicoporus haificum Krachmalny sp. nov. was described on a basis of thorough light microscopy studies. The species was found in sandy sediments (water-filled spaces between sand grains) on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (HaCarmel beach, Haifa, Israel). Apicoporus haificum possesses the following features: cells elongated (with length exceeding width by 3.1–3.8 times), lanceolate in dorsoventral projection, roundish in cross-section with slight dorsoventral compression, asymmetrical, slightly curved to the right, with antapical depression. Epicone asymmetrical, somewhat umbonate, with a small hook-shaped protrusion on the apex. Cingulum displaced, descending by 1/3 cell’s length, its distal part almost parallel to the anterior portion of sulcus. Sulcus narrow, shallow, extends from the apex to the antapical depression, with apical groove. Cell surface covered with longitudinal striations that converge on the apex and on the antapical protrusion. Chloroplasts absent. Dimensions: 75.3±2.2 μm in length, 21.4±1.5 μm in width. Comparison of A. haificum to morphologically similar Apicoporus glaber and Amphidinium scissum is discussed.
A new combination in Dolabrifolia (Angraecinae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: SIMO-DROISSART MURIELLE , STÉVART TARIQ
Published: May 2019

Species in Angraecum sect. Dolabrifolia (Pfitzer 1889: 216) Garay (1973: 499) were assigned to several genera until Garay (1973) finally transferred the type species, A. distichum (Lindley 1836: t. 1781), along with A. podochiloides Schlechter (1906: 162) and A. aporoides Summerhayes (1964: 560) to Angraecum Bory (1804: 359) (see Simo-Droissart et al. 2016a). Later, Angraecum bancoense Burg in Arends et al. (1980: 26) and A. poppendickianum Szlachetko & Olszewski (2001: 884) were described and included in this section. According to Garay (1973), Angraecum sect. Dolabrifolia is characterized by very short, fleshy, laterally compressed and densely imbricate leaves, with a groove on the upper surface; the lateral compression being a unique feature within the genus. Based on this unique morphological character, Szlachetko and Romowicz (2007) raised the section to the rank of genus, Dolabrifolia (Pfitz.) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54) and proposed five new combinations, namely Dolabrifolia disticha (Lindl.) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54), D. aporoides (Summerh.) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54), D. bancoensis (Burg) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54), D. podochiloides (Schltr.) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54) and D. poppendickiana (Szlach. & Olszewski) Szlachetko & Romowicz (2007: 54). The taxonomic decision of Szlachetko and Romowicz (2007) was followed by Szlachetko et al. (2013), who also raised nine other Angraecum sections to the generic rank.
Validation of the name Asterosiphon dichotomus (Xanthophyceae)
Authors: VISHNYAKOV VASILY S.
Published: May 2019

Asterosiphon Dangeard (1940: 720) presents a monospecific genus of xanthophytes, which can be easily distinguished from other genera in having filamentous siphons and exclusively asexual reproduction. Asterosiphon species forms macroscopic rosette of a few millimeters in diameter consisting of green procumbent and dichotomously branched siphons which are attached to wet soil by scarcely branched colorless rhizoids. The green filaments normally form the chains of akinetes germinating into the new siphons instantly or produce numerous aplanospores. Both ways of reproduction have been thoroughly investigated by Dangeard (1940, 1942) and subsequently by Rieth (1962a, b), who established identity of Asterosiphon siphons with Gongrosira-like stage of thalli ascribed previously to some representatives of the genus Vaucheria de Candolle (1801: 20) (Stahl 1879). The published records of Asterosiphon species are very scarce and concern to a few countries of Europe (Dangeard 1942, Rieth 1962b, Christensen 1986, Langangen 1994, Kusel-Fetzmann 1999, Cambra-Sánchez 2010, Carter & John 2012), Algeria (Gauthier-Lièvre 1954), India (Gupta 2012), China (Liu et al. 1994), and Argentina (Lacoste de Díaz 1981, cit. ex Cambra-Sánchez 2010).
The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy: morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: DAPPORTO LEONARDO , STRUMIA FRANCO
Published: May 2019

Species demarcation between mainland and island endemic populations is often subjective according to the biological concept of species. However, the recognition of the specific status of island endemics is decisive for biogeography and conservation studies. In this paper we applied rigorous morphometric analyses instead of subjective visual evaluation to solve the long debated question whether the endemic butterfly from Tuscany Coenonympha elbana should be considered as a separated entity from the endemic C. corinna from Sardinia and Corsica. We carried out traditional and geometric morphometric analyses of wing pattern and male genitalia comparing the populations from Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscan Archipelago and Tuscany. We found that Sardo-Corsican C. corinna and Tuscan C. elbana can be distinguished only on the basis of the dimension of ventral wing ocelli. However, this characteristic shows a clinal pattern from Sardinia to Tuscany. Moreover, there is not any clear diversification in the shape of male genitalia between the two entities and each islet population can not be unambiguously attributed to one of the two taxa. In conclusion, we found no decisive evidence for a specific diversification between these two entities and the Coenonympha corinna/elbana complex, occurring both in Sardinia-Corsica and in the Italian mainland, should not be strictly considered as an endemic insular taxa.
Naming one of the world's rarest chelonians, the southern Batagur
Authors: PRASCHAG PETER , SOMMER ROBERT S. , MCCARTHY COLIN , GEMEL RICHARD , FRITZ UWE
Published: May 2019

Using mtDNA sequences of historical museum specimens, including the herein designated lectotype of Tetraonyx affinis Cantor 1847 and topotypic specimens of Trionyx (Tetraonyx) cuvieri Gray 1831 and Tetronyx longicollis Lesson 1834, we demonstrate that the name Batagur affinis (Cantor 1847) has to be used for a recently identified critically endangered terrapin species from Southeast Asia. Further, we provide evidence that Batagur baska (Gray 1830) historically was distributed from north-easternmost India and Bangladesh to at least the Ayeyarwady and Bago estuaries in Myanmar while B. affinis occurs in the southern Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The taxonomic allocation of the extant and extirpated Batagur populations in the northern Malay Peninsula, Cambodia and southern Vietnam remains unclear. A museum specimen from the mid-19 th century suggests that B. baska once also occurred in the Indus Delta of southern Pakistan.
First record of Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff from Europe, with an illustrated key to the European Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: FACCOLI MASSIMO
Published: May 2019

Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, an ambrosia beetle of Asian origin, is reported for the first time from Europe, based on a series of females collected in northern Italy in April 2007 and 2008 in funnel traps baited with ethanol. A diagnosis of the species and a revised key to the genera and species of Xyleborini occurring in Europe is presented. An explanation is suggested for the large number of recent introductions of exotic ambrosia beetles into Europe.
First record of the genus Orochernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: GAO ZHIZHONG , ZHANG FENG
Published: May 2019

The chernetid genus Orochernes Beier, 1968 is reported from China for the first time. Orochernes ganziensis sp. n. is described from the Sichuan Province and characterized through illustrations and genetic data. The spermathecae of the genus Orochernes are illustrated for the first time.
Prevailing Surface Wind Direction during Air–Sea Heat Exchange
Authors: Ogawa Fumiaki , Spengler Thomas
Published: May 2019

While the climatological-mean sensible and latent heat fluxes are remarkably well described using climatological-mean fields in the bulk flux formulas, this study shows that a significant fraction of the climatological-mean wind speed in the midlatitudes is associated with wind variations on synoptic time scales. Hence, the prevailing wind direction associated with the most intense air–sea heat exchange can differ from the mean wind direction. To pinpoint these striking differences between the climatological and synoptic viewpoint, this study presents a global climatology of the prevailing surface wind direction during air–sea heat exchanges calculated for instantaneous and time-averaged reanalysis data. The interpretation of the fluxes in the lower latitudes is basically unaffected by the different time averages, highlighting the time-mean nature of the circulation in the lower latitudes. In the midlatitudes, however, the prevailing wind direction features a significant equatorward component for subweekly time averages and reverts to pure westerlies for longer time averages. These findings pinpoint the necessity to consider subweekly time scales, in particular along the midlatitude SST fronts, to describe the air–sea heat exchange in a physically consistent way.
Boundary Layer Turbulence over Surface Waves in a Strongly Forced Condition: LES and Observation
Authors: Husain Nyla T. , Hara Tetsu , Buckley Marc P. , Yousefi Kianoosh , Veron Fabrice , Sullivan Peter P.
Published: May 2019

The impact of sea state on air–sea momentum flux (or wind stress) is a poorly understood component of wind–wave interactions, particularly in high wind conditions. The wind stress and mean wind profile over the ocean are influenced by the characteristics of boundary layer turbulence over surface waves, which are strongly modulated by transient airflow separation events; however, the features controlling their occurrence and intensity are not well known. A large-eddy simulation (LES) for wind over a sinusoidal wave train is employed to reproduce laboratory observations of phase-averaged airflow over waves in strongly forced conditions. The LES and observation both use a wave-following coordinate system with a decomposition of wind velocity into mean, wave-coherent, and turbulent fluctuation components. The LES results of the mean wind profile and structure of wave-induced and turbulent stress components agree reasonably well with observations. Both LES and observation show enhanced turbulent stress and mean wind shear at the height of the wave crest, signifying the impact of intermittent airflow separation events. Disparities exist particularly near the crest, suggesting that airflow separation and sheltering are affected by the nonlinearity and unsteadiness of laboratory waves. Our results also suggest that the intensity of airflow separation is most sensitive to wave steepness and the surface roughness parameterization near the crest. These results clarify how the characteristics of finite-amplitude waves can control the airflow dynamics, which may substantially influence the mean wind profile, equivalent surface roughness, and drag coefficient.
Orientational Analysis of Monolayers at Low Surface Concentrations Due to an Increased Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) Using Broadband Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Adhikari Narendra M. , Premadasa Uvinduni I. , Rudy Zachary J. , Cimatu Katherine Leslee A.
Published: May 2019

Sum frequency generation (SFG) * Equal contributors. spectroscopy was used to deduce the orientation of the terminal methyl (CH3) group of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the air–solid and air–liquid interfaces at surface concentrations as low as 1% protonated molecules in the presence of 99% deuterated molecules. The SFG spectra of octadecanethiol (ODT) and deuterated octadecanethiol (d37 ODT) SAMs on gold were used for analysis at the air–solid interface. However, the eicosanoic acid (EA) and deuterated EA (d39 EA) SAMs on the water were analyzed at the air–liquid interface. The tilt angle of the terminal CH3 group was estimated to be ∼39 ° for a SAM of 1% ODT : 99% d37 ODT, whereas the tilt angle of the terminal CH3 group of the 1% EA : 99% d39 EA monolayer was estimated to be ∼32 °. The reliability of the orientational analysis at low concentrations was validated by testing the sensitivity of the SFG spectroscopy. A signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of ∼60 and ∼45 was obtained for the CH3 symmetric stretch (SS) of 1% ODT : 99% d37 ODT and 1% EA : 99% d39 EA, respectively. The estimated increase in S/N ratio values, as a measure of the sensitivity of the SFG spectroscopy, verified the capacity to acquire the SFG spectra at low concentrations of interfacial molecules under ambient conditions. Overall, the orientational analysis of CH3 SS vibrational mode was feasible at low concentrations of protonated molecules due to increased S/N ratio. In support, the improved S/N ratio on varying incident power density of the visible beam was also experimentally demonstrated.
The System Is Not Broken, It Is Intentional: The Prisoner Reentry Industry as Deliberate Structural Violence
Authors: Ortiz Jennifer M. , Jackey Hayley
Published: May 2019

The prisoner reentry industry (PRI) emerged as a by-product of mass incarceration, with the stated purpose of helping the formerly incarcerated reenter society and achieve a new “law-abiding” status. Traditional criminological studies point to high recidivism rates in the United States as proof that U.S. reentry fails to rehabilitate offenders. Utilizing data from 57 in-depth semistructured interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals and 10 interviews with reentry service providers across five states, we posit that although the PRI purports to rehabilitate offenders, it operates using mechanisms including parole conditions and fee-based reentry services that ensure the formerly incarcerated remain trapped in a cycle of failure. Hence, the PRI is not a broken system. Rather, it is an intentional form of structural violence perpetuated by the state to ensure the continued oppression of the most marginalized groups in our society.
Examining the Effects of Core Self-Evaluations and Perceived Organizational Support on Academic Burnout Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Leupold Christopher R. , Lopina Erika C. , Erickson Julianne
Published: May 2019

Academic burnout is a prevalent issue that has debilitating effects on students and refers to the phenomena of long-term fatigue and loss of interest in schoolwork, and is characterized by a student’s lack of engagement, dulled emotions, and feelings of helplessness. This survey-based study examined the predictive ability of two popular constructs in organizational psychology research, core self-evaluations, and perceived organizational support, to explain students’ academic burnout. Extending the Job Demands-Resources model and Conservation of Resources theory to the university context, the study investigated whether core self-evaluations and perceived organizational support would similarly predict burnout for 199 undergraduate students in a university setting as they do employees in work settings. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the factor structure of the variables, and moderated multiple regression was employed to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that that core self-evaluations and perceived organizational support were individually strong predictors of burnout, and that perceived organizational support had a small moderating effect on the core self-evaluations-burnout relationship. Implications and potential applications of these results are discussed as a means to mitigate the negative effects of academic burnout experienced by so many college students.
Asymmetries and Climate Futures: Working with Waters in an Indigenous Australian Settlement
Authors: Spencer Michaela , Dányi Endre , Hayashi Yasunori
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on a water management project in the remote Aboriginal community of Milingimbi, Northern Australia. Drawing on materials and experiences from two distinct stages of this project, we revisit a policy report and engage in ethnographic storytelling in order to highlight a series of sensing practices associated with water management. In the former, a working symmetry between Yolngu and Western water knowledges is actively sought through the practices of the project. However, in the latter, recurrent asymmetries in the research work continue to appear: a bilingual diagram of water usage is displayed but produces confusion; measuring a water hole for salinity, a member of the scientific team throws in a water meter, while a Yolngu elder prefers the telling of an ancestral story; a collaborative 3-D mapping exercise invites participation from community members but struggles to develop an outcome that differs from existing maps used by scientists and government staff. Focusing on these moments as subtle points of rupture, we suggest that attending to “seeing,” “telling,” and “mapping” in both stages of this water management project offers a way to explore the political work of crafting climate futures and beginning to interrogate differing means for “doing difference” within them.
Sensing Asymmetries in Other-than-human Forms
Authors: Howe Cymene
Published: May 2019

This essay is an examination of how sensing capacities can draw in, and from, other-than-human entities—both animate and inanimate. Based upon ethnographic field research in Iceland, it describes sensory encounters that are realizable through the bodies, sensations, and ontological status shifts of other beings and entities, namely, in bears and ice and earth. As anthropogenic impacts deepen, the essay argues, sensing ought to be practiced as a collaborative effort among human and other-than-human entities. Sensing by other means entails sensing through others’ means and beyond the human sensorium.
Nonclinical Safety Assessment of a Long-Acting Recombinant PEGylated Factor Eight (BAY 94-9027) With a 60 kDa PEG
Authors: Ivens Inge A. , Banczyk David , Gutberlet Katrin , Jackman Shawna , Vauléon Stéphanie , Frisk Anna-Lena
Published: May 2019

BAY 94-9027 (Jivi) is a site-specifically PEGylated human B-domain-deleted (BDD) recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), with a 60 kDa branched PEG molecule attached. The nonclinical safety of BAY 94-9027 was evaluated in a toxicology program that included 2 weeks intravenous (IV) toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, a juvenile toxicity study in rats as well as a 26-week chronic study in rats. Doses of 75, 750, or 2250 IU/kg given every other day for 2 weeks did not elicit any findings related to BAY 94-9027. Specifically, no thrombus formation or histological changes such as cellular vacuolation were seen. In the chronic toxicity study, 40, 400, and 1200 IU/kg of BAY 94-9027 given twice weekly did not induce adverse effects related to BAY 94-9027, and no tissue vacuolation was observed. There was no PEG detected in choroid plexus or other areas of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid or in spleen or kidneys. These results were supported by toxicity studies in rats and rabbits treated with PEG 60 kDa attached to the maleimide linker (PEG-60-Mal-Cys). No findings related to PEG-60-Mal-Cys were seen. These results demonstrate the safety of BAY 94-9027 for long-term use.
Assessing the concurrent validity of a gait analysis system integrated into a smart walker in older adults with gait impairments
Authors: Werner Christian , Chalvatzaki Georgia , Papageorgiou Xanthi S , Tzafestas Costas S , Bauer Jürgen M , Hauer Klaus
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To assess the concurrent validity of a smart walker–integrated gait analysis system with the GAITRite® system for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters in potential users of the smart walker.

Design:

Criterion standard validation study.

Setting:

Research laboratory in a geriatric hospital.

Participants:

Twenty-five older adults (⩾65 years) with gait impairments (habitual rollator use and/or gait speed <0.6 m/s) and no severe cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ⩾17).

Main measures:

Stride, swing and stance time; stride length; and gait speed were simultaneously recorded using the smart walker–integrated gait analysis system and the GAITRite system while participants walked along a 7.8-m walkway with the smart walker. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed using the Bland–Altman method, percentage errors (acceptable if <30%), and intraclass correlation coefficients for consistency (ICC3,1) and absolute agreement (ICC2,1).

Results:

Bias for stride, swing and stance time ranged from −0.04 to 0.04 seconds, with acceptable percentage errors (8.7%–23.0%). Stride length and gait speed showed higher bias (meanbias (SD) = 0.20 (0.11) m; 0.19 (0.13) m/s) and not acceptable percentage errors (31.3%–42.3%). Limits of agreement were considerably narrower for temporal than for spatial-related gait parameters. All gait parameters showed good-to-excellent consistency (ICC3,1 = 0.72–0.97). Absolute agreement was good-to-excellent for temporal (ICC2,1 = 0.72–0.97) but only poor-to-fair for spatial-related gait parameters (ICC2,1 = 0.37–0.52).

Conclusion:

The smart walker–integrated gait analysis system has good concurrent validity with the GAITRite system for measuring temporal but not spatial-related gait parameters in potential end-users of the smart walker. Stride length and gait speed can be measured with good consistency, but with only limited absolute accuracy.
Pregnancy in a blind hemi-cavity of Robert’s uterus with ipsilateral renal agenesis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Qiao-Mei , Li Hua , He Su-Hui , Chen Dan , Chen Li
Published: May 2019

Robert’s uterus is an asymmetric septate uterus with a noncommunicating cavity and is a rare Müllerian anomaly. We present a rare case of pregnancy in a blind cavity and the first report of ipsilateral renal agenesis. A 23-year-old primigravida woman presented to our hospital at 7 weeks and 3 days of gestation after an abortion had failed. Three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed pregnancy in a blind hemi-cavity of Robert’s uterus with an ipsilateral renal anomaly. Surgery was performed by hysteroscopy with laparoscopic and ultrasound guidance. The pregnancy was removed and the asymmetric septum was resected. A single normal uterine cavity with bilateral tubal ostium remained. The treatment was considered to be satisfactory. Menstruation ceased to be painful and the uterus was not scarred. Robert’s uterus can be well evaluated by an experienced ultrasound physician and magnetic resonance imaging. Such patients may have renal agenesis and the urinary system must be simultaneously evaluated. Pregnancy in a blind hemi-cavity is extremely rare and easily ignored by gynecologists and sonographers. Timely and accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential to obtain minimally invasive treatment.
Characteristics and analysis of right-to-left shunt-related dizziness in patients without hypoxemia
Authors: Cao Liming
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study aimed to analyze right-to-left shunt-related dizziness in three patients without hypoxemia.

Methods

Case 1 was a 47-year-old man with a history of cerebral infarction 8 years previously and recurrent dizziness for > 6 months. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was found with a severe right-to-left shunt. Case 2 was a 50-year-old man with acute stroke. He had a history of repeated dizziness for > 4 years. He was diagnosed with PFO with a severe right-to-left shunt after admission. Case 3 was a 73-year-old woman with recurrent dizziness for > 10 months. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed upon admission. No patients had hypoxemia.

Results

After percutaneous PFO occlusion in Cases 1 and 2, the patients were followed up for 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Two patients had relief of dizziness without recurrence. In Case 3, the pallor improved and the dizziness was relieved after pulmonary arteriovenous fistula embolization and did not recur over a 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions

There was a possible association between a severe right-to-left shunt and dizziness, although hypoxemia was absent in the cases. Intervention to eliminate a left-to-right shunt can improve dizziness in patients without hypoxemia with a severe right-to-left shunt.
Persisting with a music career despite the insecurity: When social and motivational resources really matter
Authors: Parker Stacey L , Jimmieson Nerina L , Amiot Catherine E
Published: May 2019

Drawing on conservation of resources theory and self-determination theory, coworker support and work motivation were investigated as resources that should buffer or mitigate the negative consequences of career insecurity for professional musicians. We surveyed 200 professional musicians. Analyses revealed that only those musicians with low career insecurity and better-quality motivation (i.e., either high autonomous or low controlled) were less prone to problem drinking. Importantly, the combination of high coworker support and high autonomous motivation was associated with less emotional exhaustion from career insecurity. These resources were not simply stress-buffers of career insecurity, but helped well-resourced musicians thrive on career insecurity. Additionally, it was found that career insecurity was associated with greater intentions to leave the profession for all musicians, except for those with high controlled motivation when they also had access to high coworker support. For these musicians, having access to supportive coworkers was important for persisting with their music career despite the insecurity.