bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective case control comparison of the ZeroGravity system versus a standard lead apron as radiation protection strategy in neuroendovascular procedures
Authors: Haussen Diogo C , Van Der Bom Imramsjah Martijn John , Nogueira Raul G
Published: October 2015

Background and purpose

We aimed to compare the performance of the ZeroGravity (ZG) system (radiation protection system composed by a suspended lead suit) against the use of standard protection (lead apron (LA), thyroid shield, lead eyeglasses, table skirts, and ceiling suspended shield) in neuroangiography procedures.

Materials and methods

Radiation exposure data were prospectively collected in consecutive neuroendovascular procedures between December 2014 and February 2015. Operator No 1 was assigned to the use of an LA (plus lead glasses, thyroid shield, and a 1 mm hanging shield at the groin) while operator No 2 utilized the ZG system. Dosimeters were used to measure peak skin dose for the head, thyroid, and left foot.

Results

The two operators performed a total of 122 procedures during the study period. The ZG operator was more commonly the primary operator compared with the LA operator (85% vs 71%; p=0.04). The mean anterior-posterior (AP), lateral, and cumulative dose area product (DAP) radiation exposure as well as the mean fluoroscopy time were not statistically different between the operators’ cases. The peak skin dose to the head of the operator with LA was 2.1 times higher (3380 vs 1600 μSv), while the thyroid was 13.9 (4460 vs 320 μSv), the mediastinum infinitely (520 vs 0 μSv), and the foot 3.3 times higher (4870 vs 1470 μSv) compared with the ZG operator, leading to an overall accumulated dose 4 times higher. The ratio of cumulative operator received dose/total cumulative DAP was 2.5 higher on the LA operator.

Conclusions

The ZG radiation protection system leads to substantially lower radiation exposure to the operator in neurointerventional procedures. However, substantial exposure may still occur at the level of the lens and thyroid to justify additional protection.
Veterinary team interactions, part 2: the personal effect
Authors: Kinnison T. , Guile D. , May S. A.
Published: October 2015

Modern veterinary practices consist of multiple professions/occupations, often spread over multiple branches. Within these teams are identifiable ‘key people’ who are central to information and resource flow. Key people are frequently the appointed leaders, such as practice managers, but also include emergent leaders. Veterinary surgeons are commonly involved in the flow of higher order interactions such as problem solving, while administrators are often involved in information interactions. These key people are repeatedly boundary spanners, sharing resources across physical boundaries such as branches. Their marginal status (belonging to multiple groups) also allows them to interact across professional boundaries. Lower order interactions including asking for information and advice are often interprofessional; however, higher order interactions tend to be intraprofessional. Analysis of interaction reciprocity between professions demonstrated the prevalence of a profession based hierarchy, with veterinary surgeons at the top. Being social outside of work with a colleague is also linked to work based interactions. The results of this paper demonstrate the need for practices to consider key people and support them appropriately. Further to this, they suggest that, to promote an effective team, interactions should be based on experience as much as professional status, and that social interactions should be encouraged.
We need to talk about error: causes and types of error in veterinary practice
Authors: Oxtoby C. , Ferguson E. , White K. , Mossop L.
Published: October 2015

Patient safety research in human medicine has identified the causes and common types of medical error and subsequently informed the development of interventions which mitigate harm, such as the WHO's safe surgery checklist. There is no such evidence available to the veterinary profession. This study therefore aims to identify the causes and types of errors in veterinary practice, and presents an evidence based system for their classification. Causes of error were identified from retrospective record review of 678 claims to the profession's leading indemnity insurer and nine focus groups (average N per group=8) with vets, nurses and support staff were performed using critical incident technique. Reason's (2000) Swiss cheese model of error was used to inform the interpretation of the data. Types of error were extracted from 2978 claims records reported between the years 2009 and 2013. The major classes of error causation were identified with mistakes involving surgery the most common type of error. The results were triangulated with findings from the medical literature and highlight the importance of cognitive limitations, deficiencies in non‐technical skills and a systems approach to veterinary error.
Simulation and Modeling of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes
Authors: Ullah Habib Mohammad Habib , Quaiyum Farhan , Al Mamun Khandaker A. , Islam Syed K. , McFarlane Nicole
Published: October 2015

A comprehensive SPICE model is developed for single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The model simulates both the static and dynamic behaviors of SPADs. Parameters of the model were extracted form experimental data obtained from SPADs designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5μm CMOS process. In this model, the resistive behavior of the device was modeled with an exponential function. Moreover, the device simulated response to incident optical power stimulation is modeled. Experimentally extracted parameters were incorporated into the model, and simulation results agreed with the experimental data.
Optimized Growth of ZnO Nanowires and Nanorods Using MOCVD
Authors: Rivera Abdiel , Mazady Anas , Anwar Mehdi
Published: October 2015

ZnO NWs were grown on Si (111) and Al2O3 substrates using MOCVD. ZnO (002) NWs on Si were randomly orientated while the NWs grown on sapphire were mostly vertically aligned as evident from scanning electron microscope images. The c-axis lattice constant corresponding to ZnO (002)/Si(111) demonstrated a dominant peak at 34.47°(2θ) attributed to ZnO along (002) with a FHWM of 0.0948°(θ) with corresponding c and a-lattice axes constants of 5.1996Å and 3.2456Å, respectively. The c-axis lattice constant for ZnO/sapphire was estimated to be 5.205Å resulting in an out of plane strain of only 0.03%. Photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires grown on sapphire shows absorption peaks associated to exciton-exciton recombination and native defect such as zinc interstitial. In the case of NWs grown on Si, only exciton to exciton recombination was observed.
Uniformity of cosmic microwave background as a non-inflationary geometrical effect
Authors: Vlahovic Branislav , Eingorn Maxim , Ilie Cosmin
Published: October 2015

The conventional [Formula: see text]CDM cosmological model supplemented by the inflation concept describes the Universe very well. However, there are still a few concerns: new Planck data impose constraints on the shape of the inflaton potential, which exclude a lot of inflationary models; dark matter is not detected directly, and dark energy is not understood theoretically on a satisfactory level. In this brief sketch, we investigate an alternative cosmological model with spherical spatial geometry and an additional perfect fluid with the constant parameter [Formula: see text] in the linear equation of state. It is demonstrated explicitly that in the framework of such a model it is possible to satisfy the supernovae data at the same level of accuracy as within the [Formula: see text]CDM model and at the same time suppose that the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation originates from a very limited space region. This is ensured by introducing an additional condition of light propagation between the antipodal points during the age of the Universe. Consequently, the CMB uniformity can be explained without the inflation scenario. The corresponding drawbacks of the model with respect to its comparison with the CMB data are also discussed.
The framed Standard Model (II) — A first test against experiment
Authors: Chan Hong-Mo , Tsou Sheung Tsun
Published: October 2015

Apart from the qualitative features described in Paper I (Ref. 1), the renormalization group equation derived for the rotation of the fermion mass matrices are amenable to quantitative study. The equation depends on a coupling and a fudge factor and, on integration, on 3 integration constants. Its application to data analysis, however, requires the input from experiment of the heaviest generation masses [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] all of which are known, except for [Formula: see text]. Together then with the theta-angle in the QCD action, there are in all 7 real unknown parameters. Determining these 7 parameters by fitting to the experimental values of the masses [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], the CKM elements [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the neutrino oscillation angle [Formula: see text], one can then calculate and compare with experiment the following 12 other quantities [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the results all agree reasonably well with data, often to within the stringent experimental error now achieved. Counting the predictions not yet measured by experiment, this means that 17 independent parameters of the standard model are now replaced by 7 in the FSM.
Real part of scattering amplitude at ultrahigh energies
Authors: Anisovich V. V. , Nikonov V. A. , Nyiri J.
Published: October 2015

On the basis of requirements of unitarity and analyticity we analyze the real and imaginary parts of the scattering amplitude at recent ultrahigh energies, [Formula: see text]. The predictions for the region [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are given supposing the black disk asymptotic regime. It turns out that the real part of the amplitude is concentrated in the impact parameter space at the border of the black disk.
Investigation of the third-order nonlinear optical properties in porphyrin solutions in the picosecond regime
Authors: Chniti M. , Cassagne C. , Godet J. L. , Boudebs G.
Published: October 2015

The D4σ-Z-scan technique is used to evaluate the sign and the magnitude of the nonlinear (NL) refractive index and the NL absorption (NLA) coefficient with a laser delivering single pulses in the picosecond regime at 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm. The NL optical response of the zinc porphyrins (Pph) has been found to be significantly enhanced. The study of the NLA and refraction is performed, taking into account the time dependence and the spectral width of the incident laser. The variations of the NL coefficients as a function of the intensity and the concentration are provided and are found to be linear.
Frequency-resolved thermal lensing: An approach for thermal diffusivity measurements in liquid samples
Authors: Rodriguez Luis G. , Paz J. L. , Vera César Costa
Published: October 2015

Frequency-resolved thermal lensing (FRTL) is an approach used to measure thermal diffusivity coefficients of liquid samples. The theoretical model of this approach is based on thermal waves and the Fresnel diffraction approximation. This model predicts that only two experimental parameters are needed to estimate the thermal diffusivity of the sample. Experiments performed on pure solvents validate the theoretical predictions and confirm the feasibility of using this approach to thermally characterize liquid samples. The results show that the method is a simple and sensitive approach to determine thermal diffusivity coefficients in liquid samples.
Numerical study of high-energy optical parametric oscillator with top-hat pump intensity profile and quasi-phase-matched crystal with wedge-shaped domain
Authors: Naraniya Om Prakash , Shenoy M. R. , Thyagarajan K.
Published: October 2015

We present a numerical study for the design of efficient MgO :PPLN based pulsed nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO), with input pump pulses of top-hat transverse intensity profile, and a double-pass pump cavity configuration. In particular, we investigate the effect of domain shape on the conversion efficiency. We considered two types of domain structures: "perfect vertical-wall" and "wedge-shaped" domains and our numerical results show that at higher pump pulse energies, the conversion efficiency saturates, and the saturated efficiency is almost independent of the domain shapes. Based on our study, we also propose a new scheme for development of compact high-power OPO sources using MgO :PPLN chips of relatively short lengths and large cross-sectional area.
Modified Fourier–Ritz Approximation for the Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Functionally Graded Plates with Elastic Restraints
Authors: Su Zhu , Jin Guoyong , Wang Xueren , Miao Xuhong
Published: October 2015

Free vibration analysis of moderately thick laminated functionally graded rectangular plates with elastic restraints is presented using the modified Fourier–Ritz method in conjunction with the first-order shear deformation plate theory. The material properties are assumed to change continuously through the lamina thickness according to a power-law distribution of volume fractions of the constituents. Each of the displacements and rotations of the laminated functionally graded plates, regardless of boundary conditions, is represented by a modified Fourier series which is constructed as the linear superposition of a standard Fourier cosine series and several closed-form auxiliary functions. The accuracy, convergence and reliability of the current solutions are demonstrated by numerical examples and comparison of the present results with those available in the literature. New results for free vibration of laminated functionally graded plates are presented, which may serve as benchmark solutions. The effects of the boundary conditions, volume fractions and lamina thickness ratios on the frequencies of the plates are investigated.
Nonlinear Response of Piezoelectric Nanocomposite Plates: Large Deflection, Post-Buckling and Large Amplitude Vibration
Authors: Rafiee M. , He X. Q. , Mareishi S. , Liew K. M.
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with nonlinear response of smart two-phase nanocomposite plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers under a combined mechanical, thermal and electrical loading. The governing equations of the carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate are derived based on first order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) and von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. The material properties of the nanocomposite host are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are assumed aligned, straight and a uniform layout. The Galerkin method is employed to derive the nonlinear governing equations of the problem. A perturbation scheme is employed to determine the nonlinear vibration response and the nonlinear natural frequencies of the plates with immovable simply supported boundary conditions. Post-buckling load–deflection and maximum transverse load–deflection relations have been obtained for the plate under consideration. The effects of the applied voltage, temperature change, plate geometry, and the volume fraction and distribution pattern of the SWCNTs on the linear and nonlinear natural frequencies of the smart two-phase composite plates are investigated through a detailed parametric study.
Lagrangian exotic spheres
Authors: Ekholm Tobias , Kragh Thomas , Smith Ivan
Published: October 2015

Let [Formula: see text]. We prove that the cotangent bundles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of oriented homotopy [Formula: see text]-spheres [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are symplectomorphic only if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the group of oriented homotopy [Formula: see text]-spheres under connected sum, [Formula: see text] denotes the subgroup of those that bound a parallelizable [Formula: see text]-manifold, and where [Formula: see text] denotes [Formula: see text] with orientation reversed. We further show that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] admits a Lagrangian embedding in [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. The proofs build on [1] and [18] in combination with a new cut-and-paste argument; that also yields some interesting explicit exact Lagrangian embeddings, for instance of the sphere [Formula: see text] into the plumbing [Formula: see text] of cotangent bundles of certain exotic spheres. As another application, we show that there are re-parametrizations of the zero-section in the cotangent bundle of a sphere that are not Hamiltonian isotopic (as maps rather than as submanifolds) to the original zero-section.
Addiction in the Making
Authors: Garriott William , Raikhel Eugene
Published: October 2015

This review traces the literatures in cultural anthropology and neighboring disciplines that are focused on addiction as an object of knowledge and intervention, and as grounds for self-identification, sociality, and action. Highlighting the production of disease categories, the staging of therapeutic interventions, and the ongoing work of governance, this work examines addiction as a key site for the analysis of contemporary life. It likewise showcases a general movement toward accounts of addiction that foreground complexity, contingency, and multiplicity.
The Pragmatics of Qualia in Practice
Authors: Harkness Nicholas
Published: October 2015

This review addresses general anthropological understandings of practice and a technical semiotic approach to pragmatics through the concept of qualia. Qualia are pragmatic signals (indexes) that materialize phenomenally in human activity as sensuous qualities. The pragmatic role of qualia is observed through exemplary accounts of the “feeling of doing” from the ethnographic record of practice in four domains: linguistic practices, phatic practices organized explicitly around social relations, practices organized around external “things,” and body-focal practices. Attention to qualia enables anthropologists to consider ethnographically what is continuous semiotically across and within practices—from communication to embodiment. The article concludes with a discussion of praxis in relation to practice and pragmatics and offers suggestions for future research on qualia in the areas of awareness, language, and ritual.
Assembly of the Mycobacterial Cell Wall
Authors: Jankute Monika , Cox Jonathan A.G. , Harrison James , Besra Gurdyal S.
Published: October 2015

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most successful bacterial pathogens, claiming over 1.3 million lives worldwide in 2013. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant isolates has prompted the need for new drugs and drug targets. M. tuberculosis possesses an unusual cell wall dominated by lipids and carbohydrates that provides a permeability barrier against hydrophilic drugs and is crucial for its survival and virulence. This large macromolecular structure, termed the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex, and the phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-based lipoglycans are key features of the mycobacterial cell wall. Assembly of these cell wall components is an attractive target for the development of chemotherapeutics against tuberculosis. Herein, we focus on recent biochemical and molecular insights into these complex molecules of M. tuberculosis cell wall.
Septins and Generation of Asymmetries in Fungal Cells
Authors: Khan Anum , McQuilken Molly , Gladfelter Amy S.
Published: October 2015

Polarized growth is critical for the development and maintenance of diverse organisms and tissues but particularly so in fungi, where nutrient uptake, communication, and reproduction all rely on cell asymmetries. To achieve polarized growth, fungi spatially organize both their cytosol and cortical membranes. Septins, a family of GTP-binding proteins, are key regulators of spatial compartmentalization in fungi and other eukaryotes. Septins form higher-order structures on fungal plasma membranes and are thought to contribute to the generation of cell asymmetries by acting as molecular scaffolds and forming diffusional barriers. Here we discuss the links between septins and polarized growth and consider molecular models for how septins contribute to cellular asymmetry in fungi.
Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis for Shell Rolling Production of Seamless Tube
Authors: Xiao Dong , Gao Xuyang , Wang Jichun , Mao Yachun
Published: October 2015

Continuous rolling production process of seamless tube has many characteristics, including multiperiod and strong nonlinearity, and quickly changing dynamic characteristics. It is difficult to build its mechanism model. In this paper we divide production data into several subperiods byK-means clustering algorithm combined with production process; then we establish a continuous rolling production monitoring and fault diagnosis model based on multistage MPCA method. Simulation experiments show that the rolling production process monitoring and fault diagnosis model based on multistage MPCA method is effective, and it has a good real-time performance, high reliability, and precision.
Potential Therapeutic Targets in Uterine Sarcomas
Authors: Cuppens Tine , Tuyaerts Sandra , Amant Frédéric
Published: October 2015

Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors accounting for 3,4% of all uterine cancers. Even after radical hysterectomy, most patients relapse or present with distant metastases. The very limited clinical benefit of adjuvant cytotoxic treatments is reflected by high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for new treatment strategies. This review summarizes rising potential targets in four distinct subtypes of uterine sarcomas: leiomyosarcoma, low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. Based on clinical reports, promising approaches for uterine leiomyosarcoma patients include inhibition of VEGF and mTOR signaling, preferably in combination with other targeted or cytotoxic compounds. Currently, the only targeted therapy approved in leiomyosarcoma patients is pazopanib, a multitargeted inhibitor blocking VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, and c-KIT. Additionally, preclinical evidence suggests effect of the inhibition of histone deacetylases, tyrosine kinase receptors, and the mitotic checkpoint protein aurora kinase A. In low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, antihormonal therapies including aromatase inhibitors and progestins have proven activity. Other potential targets are PDGFR, VEGFR, and histone deacetylases. In high-grade ESS that carry the YWHAE/FAM22A/B fusion gene, the generated 14-3-3 oncoprotein is a putative target, next to c-KIT and the Wnt pathway. The observation of heterogeneity within uterine sarcoma subtypes warrants a personalized treatment approach.
The Forgotten Complication of Recurrent Nephrolithiasis: “Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis”—A Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Assi Tarek , El Rassy Elie , Naderi Samah , Moussa Tania , Moukarzel Maroun , Kattan Joseph
Published: October 2015

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is an aggressive tumor with insidious onset of unspecific symptoms and advanced stages at diagnosis. It is a rare entity, accounting for 0.5–8% of renal tumors. In this paper, we describe the case of a patient with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis that presented with an aggressive form of SCC of the renal pelvis with rapid relapse after resection.
Predictive Variable Gain Iterative Learning Control for PMSM
Authors: Xu Huimin , Zhang Xuedong , Liu Xiangjie
Published: October 2015

A predictive variable gain strategy in iterative learning control (ILC) is introduced. Predictive variable gain iterative learning control is constructed to improve the performance of trajectory tracking. A scheme based on predictive variable gain iterative learning control for eliminating undesirable vibrations of PMSM system is proposed. The basic idea is that undesirable vibrations of PMSM system are eliminated from two aspects of iterative domain and time domain. The predictive method is utilized to determine the learning gain in the ILC algorithm. Compression mapping principle is used to prove the convergence of the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the predictive variable gain is superior to constant gain and other variable gains.
A Local Controller for Discrete-Time Large-Scale System by Using Integral Variable Structure Control
Authors: Chai C. H. , Osman Johari H. S.
Published: October 2015

A new local controller for discrete-time integral variable structure control of a large-scale system with matched and unmatched uncertainty is presented. The local controller is able to bring the large-scale system into stability by using only the states feedback from individual subsystem itself. A new theorem is established and proved that the controller is able to handle the effect of interconnection for the large-scale system with matched and unmatched uncertainty, and the system stability is ensured. The controller is able to control the system to achieve the quasi-sliding surface and remains on it. The results showed a fast convergence to the desired value and the attenuation of disturbance is achieved.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in a Below-Knee Amputee
Authors: El-Tawil Sherif , Elfons Tawafig Marian , Miles Jonathan
Published: October 2015

Patellar instability is a common finding in patients with below-knee amputation and yet management options are not commonly described in the literature. We describe the first reported case of a medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using allograft in a patient with a below-knee amputation. Clinical outcome at two-year follow-up remains very good.
Photoreceptor Inner and Outer Segment Junction Reflectivity after Vitrectomy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kaluzny Jakub J. , Sikorski Bartosz L. , Czajkowski Grzegorz , Burduk Mateusz , Kaluzny Bartlomiej J. , Stafiej Joanna , Malukiewicz Grazyna
Published: October 2015

Purpose. To evaluate the spatial distribution of photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction (IS/OS) reflectivity changes after successful vitrectomy for macula-off retinal detachment (PPV-mOFF) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SdOCT).Methods. Twenty eyes after successful PPV-mOFF were included in the study. During a mean follow-up period of 15.3 months, SdOCT was performed four times. To evaluate the IS/OS reflectivity a four-grade scale was used.Results. At the first follow-up visit the IS/OS had very similar reflectivity in entire length of the central scan with total average value of 1,05. At the second visit the most significant increase of the reflectivity was observed in temporal and nasal parafovea with average values of 2,17 and 2,22, respectively. The third region of increased reflectivity of an average value of 2,33 appeared during the third follow-up visit and was located in the foveola. At the last follow-up visit in entire central cross section the IS/OS reflectivity exceeded grade 2 reaching the highest average values in nasal and temporal parafovea and foveola.Conclusions. A gradual increase of the IS/OS reflectivity was observed in eyes after PPV-mOFF. The process is not random and starts independently in the peripheral and central part of the macula which may be attributed to the variable regenerative potential of cones and rods.
Ascites in the Puerperium in the Context of a Woman with Turner Syndrome Who Conceived through Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Tsagkas Nikolaos , Valasoulis George , Zikopoulos Konstantinos , Zerzi Calliope , Mitselos Ioannis , Koutoulakis Ioannis , Tzampouras Nikolaos , Stefos Theodor
Published: October 2015

The case is about a young female who delivered twins by caesarean section (CS). On the 4th postoperative day, she presented with ascites which was resistant to empirical antibiotic and diuretic treatment. The woman was affected by Turner syndrome (TS); she had a medical background of chronic use of hormonal medication since puberty and conceived through ART- (assisted reproduction techniques-) IVF-oocyte donation. It is important to exhibit high suspicion for clot formation in the hepatic vasculature during the puerperium, especially in the case of history of chronic hormone treatment. Ascites albumin gradient and Doppler values lead to the diagnosis of thrombosis and the administration of high doses of anticoagulants is considered to be fundamental.
Calcinosis Universalis of the Elbow: A Rare Case with Classical Presentation
Authors: Boelch Sebastian Philipp , Barthel Thomas , Goebel Sascha , Rudert Maximilian , Plumhoff Piet
Published: October 2015

Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune disease in children and adolescents. In these patients calcinosis might be the most characteristic symptom. However there are only few reported cases of intramuscular calcinosis in Dermatomyositis. We report a case of calcinosis universalis (CU) of the elbow in JDM successfully treated with broaching. The patient, a 24-year-old woman, suffered from a long history of JDM. On examination she presented with a fistula lateral to the olecranon and pain of the right elbow joint. Plain X-rays displayed a diffuse pattern of multiple periarticular, subcutaneous, and intramuscular calcifications. The patient underwent surgery for histological and microbiological sampling as well as broaching. Intraoperatively sinus formation and subfascial hard calcium deposition were found. Due to the risk of collateral tissue damage, incomplete broaching was performed. A local infection withStaphylococcuswas diagnosed and treated with antibiotics. On six-week and 30-month follow-up the patient was free of pain and had very good function. Calcifications on standard radiographs had almost resolved entirely. This case report gives a summary on calcinosis in Dermatomyositis and adds a new case of recalcitrant CU to the literature. Broaching surgery proved to be a reliable treatment option in symptomatic calcinosis.
Simulating Molecular Interactions of Carbon Nanoparticles with a Double-Stranded DNA Fragment
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Fang Hao , Wang Se , Zhang Fan , Wang Degao
Published: October 2015

Molecular interactions between carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) fragment were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Six types of CNPs including fullerenes (C60and C70), (8,0) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), (8,0) double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT), graphene quantum dot (GQD), and graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD) were studied. Analysis of the best geometry indicates that the dsDNA fragment can bind to CNPs through pi-stacking and T-shape. Moreover, C60, DWNT, and GOQD bind to the dsDNA molecules at the minor groove of the nucleotide, and C70, SWNT, and GQD bind to the dsDNA molecules at the hydrophobic ends. Estimated interaction energy implies that van der Waals force may mainly contribute to the mechanisms for the dsDNA-C60, dsDNA-C70, and dsDNA-SWNT interactions and electrostatic force may contribute considerably to the dsDNA-DWNT, dsDNA-GQD, and dsDNA-GOQD interactions. On the basis of the results from large-scale MD simulations, it was found that the presence of the dsDNA enhances the dispersion of C60, C70, and SWNT in water and has a slight impact on DWNT, GQD, and GOQD.
Linking Environmental Exposure with Public Health: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Extracted from Soils and Water of Recently Exposed Communities of Selected Locations in Zambia
Authors: Sipilanyambe Munyinda Nosiku , Michelo Charles , Sichilongo Kwenga
Published: October 2015

Background. In 2000, a Zambian private mining company reintroduced the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to control malaria in two districts. From 2000 to 2010, DDT had been applied in homes without any studies conducted to ascertain its fate in the environment. We aimed to quantify the presence of DDT and its metabolites in the soil and water around communities where it was recently used.Methods. We collected superficial soil and water samples from drinking sources of three study areas. DDT was extracted by QuEChERS method and solid phase extraction for soils and water, respectively. Analysis was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A revalidated method with limits of detection ranging from 0.034 to 0.04 ppb was used.Results. Median levels of total DDT were found at 100.4 (IQR 90.9–110) and 725.4 ng/L (IQR 540–774.5) for soils and water, respectively. No DDT above detection limits was detected in the reference area. These results are clinically significant given the persistent characteristics of DDT.Conclusion. DDT presence in these media suggests possible limitations in the environmental safeguards during IRS. Such occurrence could have potential effects on humans, especially children; hence, there is a need to further examine possible associations between this exposure and humans.
Femoral Metastasis from Penile Carcinoma: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Braumann Laura , Tsagozis Panagiotis , Wedin Rikard , Brosjö Otte
Published: October 2015

Purpose. Penile cancer rarely gives symptomatic skeletal metastases.Methods. We present 2 patients with squamous carcinoma of the penis who were surgically treated for metastases in the femur.Results. Both patients had pathological fractures and were operated on. In one case, the skeletal metastasis preceded any lymphatic spread of the disease, suggesting early haematogenous dissemination.Conclusions. Endoprosthetic reconstruction resulted in pain relief and restored the ambulatory capacity. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility for symptomatic bone metastases with a risk for pathological fracture in patients with penile cancer.
Clinical Outcomes from Unselected “Real-World” Patients with Long Coronary Lesion Receiving 40 mm Biodegradable Polymer Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Stent
Authors: Polavarapu Anurag , Polavarapu Raghava Sarma , Prajapati Jayesh , Thakkar Kamlesh , Raheem Asif , Mayall Tamanpreet , Thakkar Ashok
Published: October 2015

Background. Long lesions being implanted with drug-eluting stents (DES) are associated with relatively high restenosis rates and higher incidences of adverse events.Objectives. We aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of the long (40 mm) biodegradable polymer coated Indolimus sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in real-world patients with long coronary lesions.Methods. This study was observational, nonrandomized, retrospective, and carried out in real-world patients. A total of 258 patients were enrolled for the treatment of long coronary lesions, with 40 mm Indolimus. The primary endpoints in the study were incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a miscellany of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) or target vessel revascularization (TVR), and stent thrombosis (ST) up to 6-month follow-up.Results. The study population included higher proportion of males (74.4%) and average age was 53.2 ± 11.0 years. A total of 278 lesions were intervened successfully with 280 stents. The observed MACE at 6-month follow-up was 2.0%, which included 0.8% cardiac death and 1.2% MI. There were no TLR or TVR and ST observed during 6-month follow-up.Conclusions. The long (40 mm) Indolimus stent demonstrated low MACE rate and was proven to be safe and effective treatment for long lesions in “real-world” patients.
Design of Tunable Equalizers Using Multilayered Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Structures Added Absorbing Pillars
Authors: Wang Shuxing , Wang Yongfei , Zhang Dewei , Zhang Yi , Zhou Dongfang
Published: October 2015

An equalizer based on multilayered half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) structures with highQ-factor, low loss, and compact size is proposed for the first time. Resonant cavities distributing in the upper substrate and the bottom substrate, with the middle substrate layer which works as the transmission line together, constitute a multilayer structure. The design method and theoretical analysis are summarized first. The mode analysis, simulated results, and measured results are all provided. The measured results show a good performance and are in agreement with the simulated results, and the maximum attenuation slope reaches −16 dB over 12.5 GHz~14.5 GHz. With the use of absorbing pillars, the attenuation andQvalue can be tuned more easily than the other planar equalizers. Compared with the SIW equalizer, the size of this structure reduces by 50%. Furthermore, this structure is suitable for the miniaturization development of equalizers.
Time-Delay Robust Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Chaos Synchronization with Application to Secure Communications
Authors: Kim Eunro , Yang Inseok , Lee Dongik
Published: October 2015

The time-delay robust nonlinear dynamic inversion (TDRNDI) control technique is proposed to synchronize time-delay Chen systems. The time-delay Chen circuit is simple but exhibits complex irregular (chaotic) behavior. For this reason, this circuit can be efficiently used to encrypt messages for secure communication. In this paper, the nonlinear control-based chaos synchronization problem is considered. The proposed TDRNDI controller is a modified version of a robust nonlinear dynamic inversion (RNDI) applicable to chaotic systems, including time-delay systems. The performance and feasibility of the proposed TDRNDI controller are demonstrated by conducting numerical simulations with application to a secure communication network.
Effectiveness Evaluation of Levamisole, Albendazole, Ivermectin, andVernonia amygdalinain West African Dwarf Goats
Authors: Adediran Oyeduntan A. , Uwalaka Emmanuel C.
Published: October 2015

Anthelmintic drug resistance has led to the search for alternatives in controlling helminth infections. Fifty West African Dwarf goats without history of anthelmintic treatment were divided equally into five groups. Group A was treated with ivermectin injection subcutaneously, group B with levamisole subcutaneously, group C with albendazole orally, and group D with aqueous extract ofVernonia amygdalinaand group E was untreated control. Faecal samples were collected before treatment from each animal and larval culture was carried out. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was carried out for each group and the data analysed using FECR version 4 to calculate percent reduction in faecal egg count. Predominant helminth infections from larval culture wereHaemonchus contortus(70%),Trichostrongylusspp. (61%), andOesophagostomumspp. (56%). Mixed infection was present in all the animals. From the FECR testVernonia amygdalinaextract was more effective against helminths (100%), compared to ivermectin 96%, levamisole 96%, and albendazole 99%. The lower 95% confidence limit was 89 for ivermectin and levamisole and 91 for albendazole. There is low resistance to ivermectin and levamisole and susceptibility to albendazole whileV. amygdalinahas great potentials that could be explored for the treatment of helminth diseases in goats.
Infinity Period Dynamic Control of a Kind of Channel’s Price and Brand Investment: A Differential Game Method
Authors: Wang Kaihong , Cheng Li , Ding Chuan
Published: October 2015

The infinity period dynamic control problem of distribution channel was studied with differential game approach. Four differential dynamic control models of coordinated channel game, uncoordinated static game, Stackelberg game with manufacture controlled, and Stackelberg game withnretailers controlled were constructed. Some results applied dynamic optimization theory made with Hamilton function. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Optimization brand investment controlled by manufacture has nothing to do with time. (2) Retail price was the most minimum when channel was integrated. (3) Manufacture’s profits of uncoordinated static game and Stackelberg game with manufacture controlled were more than Stackelberg game withnretailers controlled. (4) Retailer’s profits of Stackelberg game withnretailers controlled were less than Stackelberg game with manufacture controlled. (5) Channel’s total profits of Stackelberg game withnretailers controlled were the most minimum.
Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Aerodynamic Measures for the Vortex-Induced Vibration of Separate Pairs of Box Girders in Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: He Han Xin , Li Jia Wu
Published: October 2015

Although not always resulting in catastrophic failures, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) response can seriously impact the fatigue life and functionality of bridges, especially for separate pairs of box girders in cable-stayed bridges. This study investigates the effects of three aerodynamic measures: grating, inclined web plate, and the baffles on separated box girders in the cable-stayed bridges. The experimental result indicates that the grating of different opening ratios can control the vortex-induced vibration effectively, and the optimized grating opening ratio set in this paper is 40%. Increasing the angle of inclined web plate has a great control on mitigation of the vortex-induced vibration. However, there is an optimum angle where the amplitude of vortex-induced vibration is the smallest at low wind speed. The amplitude of vortex-induced vibration becomes larger with the increase of the web inclined angle that exceeds the optimum angle. Comparatively, the baffles installed on both sides of the inclined webs are more effective to restrain the vortex-induced resonance. The Computational Fluent Dynamics (CFD) software is utilized to investigate the mechanism of the experimental results.
Availability of Software-Based Correction of Mandibular Plane for the Vertical Measurement of the Mandible in Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Han Sang-Sun , Lee Kwang-Min , Kim Kee-Deog
Published: October 2015

Objectives. To investigate the availability of correction of mandibular plane using software for vertical measurements in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) according to the sites of the mandible.Methods. CBCT scans of six dry mandibles were performed at 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-degree angles relative to CBCT scanning table. Using the imaging software, mandibular planes of the different angles were corrected to that of 0-degree angle on the CBCT images. Before and after correction of the mandibular planes, the distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest was measured at M1, M2, and M3 areas of the mandible and vertical measurements were statistically compared with those of 0-angle location using the pairedt-test.Results. Prior to correction, the vertical measurements increased as the angle increased. The greatest differences of measurements were observed in M3 areasP<0.05. After correction, a strong correlation was found in measurements between the 0-degree angle and the other angles in all sites of the mandibleP>0.05.Conclusions. The vertical measurements of CBCT were significantly influenced by mandibular positioning. When CBCT scans are performed at angles other than 0-degree angle, software-based correction of the mandibular plane can be a reliable tool for the accurate vertical measurements in CBCT.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide Decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanocomposites with Superior Adsorption Capacity and SERS Detection for Organic Dyes
Authors: Yang Song , Zeng Tian , Li Yaling , Liu Jun , Chen Qian , Zhou Ji , Ye Yong , Tang Bin
Published: October 2015

The fast detection and removal of organic dyes from contaminated water has become an urgent environmental issue due to their high toxicity, chemical stability, and low biodegradability. In this paper, we have developed graphene oxide decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 (Fe3O4@SiO2‐GO) as a novel adsorbent aiming at the rapid adsorption and trace analysis of organic dyes followed by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained nanocomposites were used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution based on π‐π stacking interaction and electrostatic attraction between MB and GO, and the adsorption behaviors of MB were investigated. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposites with adsorbed dyes were separated from the solution and loaded with silver nanoparticles for SERS detection. These nanocomposites showed superior SERS sensitivity and the lowest detectable concentration was 1.0 × 10−7 M.
Effect of Graphene Nanosheets on the Morphology, Crystallinity, and Thermal and Electrical Properties of Super Tough Polyamide 6 Using SEBS Compounds
Authors: Alirezaei Hoor Farzaneh , Morshedian Jalil , Ahmadi Shervin , Rakhshanfar Mohammad , Bahramzadeh Alireza
Published: October 2015

Super tough polyamide 6 was prepared by using SEBS and effect of SEBS-g-MA as a compatibilizer of PA6/SEBS matrix on mechanical properties was investigated. Thus super tough polyamide 6/graphene nanocomposites were produced using graphene nanosheets (GNs) through the melt compounding method. To compare the effectiveness of graphene, effects of graphite and carbon black (the other carbon structures) are also studied on the same matrix. The effects of graphene on crystallinity, improvements of morphology, and thermal and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were researched and compared with similar samples of graphite and carbon black. Due to the reaction between the maleic anhydride groups of SEBS and amine groups of nylon chains during the melt mixing process, super tough polyamide 6 was produced with high impact and tensile strength. The most important results of this study can be noted as an increase in the electrical conductivity and thermal stability by adding graphene to PA6/SEBS blend. Also the effect of graphene compatibility on PA6/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA blend was investigated with studying morphology.
Association between Micronutrient Levels and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Wu Cheng-Han , Eren Efrem , Ardern-Jones Michael Roger , Venter Carina
Published: October 2015

Previous reports have suggested a possible role for vitamin D in the etiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU); however, little information is available regarding the role of other micronutrients. We, therefore, analyzed vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels in CSU patients (n=282) from a preexisting database at Southampton General Hospital. Data were compared against mean micronutrient levels of the general population of the UK, obtained from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Vitamin D levels of CSU patients were found to be higher than those of the general UK population (P=0.001). B12 levels were lower in patients with CSU (P<0.001) than in the general population. Ferritin levels were found to be lower in male CSU patients than in the general male population (P=0.009). This association between low B12 and iron levels and CSU might indicate a causal link, with micronutrient replacement as a potential therapeutic option.
Characterizing the Statistics of a Bunch of Optical Pulses Using a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror
Authors: Pottiez Olivier , Paez-Aguirre Rodrigo , Santiago-Hernandez Hector , Duran-Sanchez Manuel , Ibarra-Escamilla Baldemar , Kuzin Evgeny A. , Gonzalez-Garcia Andres
Published: October 2015

We propose in this work a technique for determining the amplitude distribution of a wave packet containing a large number of short optical pulses with different amplitudes. The technique takes advantage of the fast response of the optical Kerr effect in a fiber nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). Under some assumptions, the statistics of the pulses can be determined from the energy transfer characteristic of the packet through the NOLM, which can be measured with a low-frequency detection setup. The statistical distribution is retrieved numerically by approximating the solution of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations using the least squares method. The technique is demonstrated numerically in the case of a packet of solitons.