bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of synthetic derivatives against breast cancer and multi-drug resistant breast cancer cell lines: a literature-based perspective study
Authors: Sharmin Shabnam , Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Martorell Miquel , Sastre-Serra Jorge , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Butnariu Monica , Bagiu Iulia Cristina , Bagiu Radu Vasile , Islam Mohammad Torequl
Published: November 2021

Cancer is the second most killer worldwide causing millions of people to lose their lives every year. In the case of women, breast cancer takes away the highest proportion of mortality rate than other cancers. Due to the mutation and resistance-building capacity of different breast cancer cell lines against conventional therapies, this death rate is on the verge of growth. New effective therapeutic compounds and treatment method is the best way to look out for in this critical time. For instance, new synthetic derivatives/ analogues synthesized from different compounds can be a ray of hope. Numerous synthetic compounds have been seen enhancing the apoptosis and autophagic pathway that directly exerts cytotoxicity towards different breast cancer cell lines. To cease the ever-growing resistance of multi-drug resistant cells against anti-breast cancer drugs (Doxorubicin, verapamil, tamoxifen) synthetic compounds may play a vital role by increasing effectivity, showing synergistic action. Many recent and previous studies have reported that synthetic derivatives hold potentials as an effective anti-breast cancer agent as they show great cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, thus can be used even vastly in the future in the field of breast cancer treatment. This review aims to identify the anti-breast cancer properties of several synthetic derivatives against different breast cancer and multi-drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines with their reported mechanism of action and effectivity.
Extracellular vesicles in malaria: an agglomeration of two decades of research
Authors: Opadokun Tosin , Rohrbach Petra
Published: November 2021

Malaria is a complex parasitic disease, caused by Plasmodium spp. More than a century after the discovery of malaria parasites, this disease continues to pose a global public health problem and the pathogenesis of the severe forms of malaria remains incompletely understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have been increasingly researched in the field of malaria in a bid to fill these knowledge gaps. EVs released from Plasmodium-infected red blood cells and other host cells during malaria infection are now believed to play key roles in disease pathogenesis and are suggested as vital components of the biology of Plasmodium spp. Malaria-derived EVs have been identified as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic tools. In this review, key findings of malaria EV studies over the last 20 years are summarized and critically analysed. Outstanding areas of research into EV biology are identified. Unexplored EV research foci for the future that will contribute to consolidating the potential for EVs as agents in malaria prevention and control are proposed.
Adipose tissue alleviates the stress response by releasing adiponectin during laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Wenjiao , Lou Jian , Zhang Xiaodan , Ji Yun , Weng Xiaojian , Du Jianer
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery causes a lower stress response than open surgery. Adiponectin is mainly derived from adipocytes and has antidiabetic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protein expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue, and the serum levels of adiponectin, oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory factors during laparoscopic colorectal surgery and open surgery periods.

Methods

Forty patients aged 60 to 80, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I ~ II who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer were recruited to the study. Laparoscopic group and open group included 20 patients each. Mesenteric adipose tissue and venous blood before (T1) and at the end (T2) of surgery were collected to examine adiponectin levels, and venous blood was collected to examine serum levels of oxidative stress related markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA)), and inflammation-related factors (interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)).

Results

Protein and serum levels of adiponectin were analyzed, and adiponectin levels were significantly increased at T2 than T1 in the laparoscopic surgery, while adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery than in the open surgery at T2. In addition, the serum levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery than in open surgery at T2. However, the serum levels of LPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group than in open group at T2.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery induced higher levels of adiponectin in both adipose tissue and the bloodstream. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response were lower during laparoscopic colorectal surgery than during conventional open surgery. These data suggest that adipose tissue may alleviate the stress response during laparoscopic surgery by releasing adiponectin in patients with colorectal cancer.
Practices and resilience of dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Naja Farah , Radwan Hadia , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Hashim Mona , Rida Wafaa Helmi , Abu Qiyas Salma , Bou-Karroum Karen , Alameddine Mohamad
Published: November 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the practices and resilience of most healthcare workers, including dieticians. In addition to offering critical care to COVID-19 patients, dieticians play a major role in preventing and managing conditions known to affect COVID-19, such as obesity and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the conditions and changes in the work environment as well as resilience and its correlates among dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods

A cross-sectional national survey was conducted among dieticians practicing in the UAE (n = 371), using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed, in addition to the sociodemographic information, the practice-related characteristics and resilience of participants. For the latter the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale© was used. Descriptive statistics as well as simple and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis.

Results

Of participants, 26.4% reported not having access to personal protective equipment and 50% indicated being concerned for their safety and health. Furthermore, considerable proportions of participants were not satisfied (45%) with the support nor with the appreciation (37.7%) they received during the pandemic. One in four dieticians considered quitting his/her job. While 65.8% of participants reported counseling COVID-19 patients, a third did not use any online platform for counseling. The most cited challenge to dietetic practice during the pandemic was ‘maintaining work-life balance’ (43.1%). The mean CD-RISC score was 72.0 ± 14.0. After adjustment, working in a hospital or public clinic (as opposed to private clinic), having a condition preventing face-to-face counseling, considering quitting job and feeling neutral or dissatisfied with the appreciation were associated with lower resilience scores, while counseling COVID-19 patients was associated with higher scores.

Conclusions

Despite the fairly high resilience among dieticians practicing in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study highlighted a few challenges, mainly related to safe practice environment, support for online counseling, and maintaining work-life balance. Concerted efforts of policy and decision makers ought to develop targeted programs for dieticians to ensure their retention and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Daly-Smith Andrew , Morris Jade L. , Norris Emma , Williams Toni L. , Archbold Victoria , Kallio Jouni , Tammelin Tuija H. , Singh Amika , Mota Jorge , von Seelen Jesper , Pesce Caterina , Salmon Jo , McKay Heather , Bartholomew John , Resaland Geir Kare
Published: November 2021

Background

Physically active learning (PAL) - integration of movement within delivery of academic content - is a core component of many whole-of-school physical activity approaches. Yet, PAL intervention methods and strategies vary and frequently are not sustained beyond formal programmes. To improve PAL training, a more comprehensive understanding of the behavioural and psychological processes that influence teachers’ adoption and implementation of PAL is required. To address this, we conducted a meta-synthesis to synthesise key stakeholders’ knowledge of facilitators and barriers to teachers’ implementing PAL in schools to improve teacher-focussed PAL interventions in primary (elementary) schools.

Methodology

We conducted a meta-synthesis using a five-stage thematic synthesis approach to; develop a research purpose and aim, identify relevant articles, appraise studies for quality, develop descriptive themes and interpret and synthesise the literature. In the final stage, 14 domains from the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) were then aligned to the final analytical themes and subthemes.

Results

We identified seven themes and 31 sub-themes from 25 eligible papers. Four themes summarised teacher-level factors: PAL benefits, teachers’ beliefs about own capabilities, PAL teacher training, PAL delivery. One theme encompassed teacher and school-level factors: resources. Two themes reflected school and external factors that influence teachers’ PAL behaviour: whole-school approach, external factors. Ten (of 14) TDF domains aligned with main themes and sub-themes:Knowledge, Skills, Social/Professional Role and Identity, Beliefs about Capabilities, Beliefs about Consequences, Reinforcement, Goals, Environmental Context and Resources, Social influencesandEmotion.

Conclusions

Our synthesis illustrates the inherent complexity required to change and sustain teachers’ PAL behaviours. Initially, teachers must receive the training, resources and support to develop the capability to implement and adapt PAL. The PAL training programme should progress as teachers’ build their experience and capability; content should be ‘refreshed’ and become more challenging over time. Subsequently, it is imperative to engage all levels of the school community for PAL to be fully integrated into a broader school system. Adequate resources, strong leadership and governance, an engaged activated community and political will are necessary to achieve this, and may not currently exist in most schools.
Prostaglandin EP2 receptor antagonist ameliorates neuroinflammation in a two-hit mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Banik Avijit , Amaradhi Radhika , Lee Daniel , Sau Michael , Wang Wenyi , Dingledine Raymond , Ganesh Thota
Published: November 2021

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes substantial medical and societal burden with no therapies ameliorating cognitive deficits. Centralized pathologies involving amyloids, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammatory pathways are being investigated to identify disease-modifying targets for AD. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the potential neuroinflammatory agents involved in AD progression. However, chronic use of COX-2 inhibitors in patients produced adverse cardiovascular effects. We asked whether inhibition of EP2 receptors, downstream of the COX-2 signaling pathway, can ameliorate neuroinflammation in AD brains in presence or absence of a secondary inflammatory stimuli.

Methods

We treated 5xFAD mice and their non-transgenic (nTg) littermates in presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an EP2 antagonist (TG11-77.HCl). In cohort 1, nTg (no-hit) or 5xFAD (single-hit—genetic) mice were treated with vehicle or TG11-77.HCl for 12 weeks. In cohort 2, nTg (single-hit—environmental) and 5xFAD mice (two-hit) were administered LPS (0.5 mg/kg/week) and treated with vehicle or TG11-77.HCl for 8 weeks.

Results

Complete blood count analysis showed that LPS induced anemia of inflammation in both groups in cohort 2. There was no adverse effect of LPS or EP2 antagonist on body weight throughout the treatment. In the neocortex isolated from the two-hit cohort of females, but not males, the elevated mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, CCL2, EP2), glial markers (IBA1, GFAP, CD11b, S110B), and glial proteins were significantly reduced by EP2 antagonist treatment. Intriguingly, the EP2 antagonist had no effect on either of the single-hit cohorts. There was a modest increase in amyloid–plaque deposition upon EP2 antagonist treatment in the two-hit female brains, but not in the single-hit genetic female cohort.

Conclusion

These results reveal a potential neuroinflammatory role for EP2 in the two-hit 5xFAD mouse model. A selective EP2 antagonist reduces inflammation only in female AD mice subjected to a second inflammatory insult.
Market viability: a neglected concept in implementation science
Authors: Proctor Enola K. , Toker Emre , Tabak Rachel , McKay Virginia R. , Hooley Cole , Evanoff Bradley
Published: November 2021

This debate paper asserts that implementation science needs to incorporate a key concept from entrepreneurship—market demand—and demonstrates how assessing an innovation’s potential market viability might advance the pace and success of innovation adoption and sustainment. We describe key concepts, language distinctions, and questions that entrepreneurs pose to implementation scientists—many of which implementation scientists appear ill-equipped to answer. The paper concludes with recommendations about how concepts from entrepreneurship, notably market viability assessment, can enhance the translation of research discoveries into real-world adoption, sustained use, and population health benefits. The paper further proposes activities that can advance implementation science’s capacity to draw from the field of entrepreneurship, along with the data foundations required to assess and cultivate market demand.
Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in eight non-intubated coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Indonesia: a case series
Authors: Rahardjo Theresia Monica , Yogipranata Elizabeth , Naswan Ardian Hediyanto , Sari Fitri Rahayu , Budiono Fajar , Permatasari Hernawati , Chuntari C. H. R. Driantik
Published: November 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019, has become a global pandemic. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for coronavirus disease 2019. Convalescent plasma therapy has become a potential specific curative method, while vaccines as protection modalities require further work.

Case presentation

Eight non-intubated Indonesian patients, ages ranging from 40 to 74 years old, with coronavirus disease 2019 confirmed by viral Ribonucleid Acid (RNA) real-time polymerase chain reaction tests were included. Four patients were administered two doses of 200 mL convalescent plasma, and the other four patients were administered one dose of convalescent plasma with an antibody titer of 1:320, within the first 14 days since symptoms occurred. The median times from illness onset to convalescent plasma therapy and from the first day of hospital admission to convalescent plasma therapy were 13 and 6.5 days, respectively. All patients showed improvements in clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, thorax imaging, negative conversion of polymerase chain reaction results, and decreased oxygen supplementation within 1 week after convalescent plasma therapy. Patients with two convalescent plasma doses tended to have faster recovery than those with one convalescent plasma dose. No severe adverse effects were observed in any patient.

Conclusion

This is the first case series in Indonesia showing that convalescent plasma therapy is safe and well tolerated and that early convalescent plasma therapy before the patient is intubated could potentially prevent disease progression, increase the recovery rate, and shorten the inpatient time of stay.
Identification of a novel immunological epitope on Hexon of fowl adenovirus serotype 4
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Mei Nan , Wang Yaling , Shi Xinjin , Chen Hongjun
Published: November 2021

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), distributed widely in the poultry farms in China. Hexon is one of the major capsid proteins associated with viral species or serotypes. However, the epitopes of Hexon protein remain largely unknown. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to Hexon protein of FAdV-4, designated as 3G8, was generated. Subsequently, the linear peptide recognized by 3G8 was mapped and identified as 213AYGAYVK219 using a series of overlapping peptides generated from Hexon protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the epitope recognized by 3G8 was highly conserved across all the FAdVs. The epitope was immunogenic and could be recognized by FAdV-4 positive chicken serum samples. These findings will enrich our knowledge regarding the epitope on Hexon and provide valuable information for further characterization of the antigenicity of Hexon protein.
On Glassey’s conjecture for semilinear wave equations in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime
Authors: Tsutaya Kimitoshi , Wakasugi Yuta
Published: November 2021

Consider nonlinear wave equations in the spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetimes. We show blow-up in finite time of solutions and upper bounds of the lifespan of blow-up solutions to give the FLRW spacetime version of Glassey’s conjecture for the time derivative nonlinearity. We also show blow-up results for the space derivative nonlinear term.
Overexpression of Lin28A in neural progenitor cells in vivo does not lead to brain tumor formation but results in reduced spine density
Authors: Middelkamp Maximilian , Ruck Lisa , Krisp Christoph , Sumisławski Piotr , Mohammadi Behnam , Dottermusch Matthias , Meister Valerie , Küster Lukas , Schlüter Hartmut , Windhorst Sabine , Neumann Julia E.
Published: November 2021

LIN28A overexpression has been identified in malignant brain tumors called embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) but its specific role during brain development remains largely unknown. Radial glia cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) are proposed as a cell of origin for ETMR. We asked whether an overexpression of LIN28A in such cells might affect brain development or result in the formation of brain tumors.

Constitutive overexpression of LIN28A in hGFAP-cre::lsl-Lin28A (GL) mice led to a transient increase of proliferation in the cortical VZ at embryonic stages but no postnatal brain tumor formation. Postnatally, GL mice displayed a pyramidal cell layer dispersion of the hippocampus and altered spine and dendrite morphology, including reduced dendritic spine densities in the hippocampus and cortex. GL mice displayed hyperkinetic activity and differential quantitative MS-based proteomics revealed altered time dependent molecular functions regarding mRNA processing and spine morphogenesis. Phosphoproteomic analyses indicated a downregulation of mTOR pathway modulated proteins such as Map1b being involved in microtubule dynamics.

In conclusion, we show that Lin28A overexpression transiently increases proliferation of neural precursor cells but it is not sufficient to drive brain tumors in vivo. In contrast, Lin28A impacts on protein abundancy patterns related to spine morphogenesis and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, resulting in decreased spine densities of neurons in the hippocampus and cortex as well as in altered behavior. Our work provides new insights into the role of LIN28A for neuronal morphogenesis and development and may reveal future targets for treatment of ETMR patients.
How to improve the physical health of people with severe mental illness? A multicentric randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a lifestyle group intervention
Authors: Luciano Mario , Sampogna Gaia , Amore Mario , Andriola Ileana , Calcagno Pietro , Carmassi Claudia , Del Vecchio Valeria , Dell’Osso Liliana , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Gelao Barbara , Giallonardo Vincenzo , Rossi Alessandro , Rossi Rodolfo , Siracusano Alberto , Fiorillo Andrea ,   LIFESTYLE Working Group
Published: November 2021

Background

People with severe mental illnesses (SMI) have a mortality rate two times higher compared to the general population, with a decade of years of life lost. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), we assessed in a sample of people with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder, the efficacy of an innovative psychosocial group intervention compared to a brief psychoeducational group intervention on patients’ body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, Framingham and HOMA-IR indexes.

Methods

This is a multicentric RCT with blinded outcome assessments carried out in six Italian university centers. After recruitment patients were randomized to receive a 6-month psychosocial intervention to improve patients’ physical health or a brief psychoeducational intervention. All recruited patients were assessed with standardized assessment instruments at baseline and after 6 months. Anthropometric parameters and blood samples have also been collected.

Results

Four-hundred and two patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (43.3%), schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (29.9%), or major depression (26.9%) were randomly allocated to the experimental (N = 206) or the control group (N = 195). After 6 months, patients from the experimental group reported a significant reduction in BMI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.93, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.31–2.84; p < 0.001), body weight (OR = 4.78, 95% CI: 0.80–28.27, p < 0.05), and waist circumference (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.45–20.30, p < 0.05). Participants with impaired cognitive and psychosocial functioning had a worse response to the intervention.

Conclusions

The experimental group intervention was effective in improving the physical health in SMI patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of this intervention in real-world settings.
Weighted Vest Use to Improve Movement Control during Walking in Children with Autism
Authors: Harry John R. , Eggleston Jeffrey D. , Lidstone Daniel E. , Dufek Janet S.
Published: November 2021

Weighted vests (WV) are used to influence behavior through sensory integration in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, WV effects on motor ability during walking are not well understood in this population despite the growing acceptance that motor impairment is a prominent feature of ASD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a WV (15% body mass) on spatial–temporal parameters and the control of the center of mass and the hip, knee, and ankle joints in children with ASD during walking using group and single-subject analyses. Eight male children (11 ± 4 yr, 1.45 ± 0.25 m, 55.28 ± 26.20 kg) with ASD walked overground with and without a WV while three-dimensional kinematic data were obtained. A two-way ANOVA and a model statistic technique (α = 0.05) were used to test for group and single-subject differences, respectively, for stride length, stride time, and smoothness of the center of mass and hip, knee, and ankle joint rotations. At the group level, stride length decreased (P = 0.018) in response to the WV perturbation, although no other differences were detected for any other variable. At the single-subject level, numerous differences (P < 0.05) were detected for each variable, although the differences detected were unique to each individual. WV use can alter gross movement function and body control during walking in some children with ASD. We suggest researchers and clinicians interested in evaluating WV use as a therapeutic modality to mitigate motor impairment in children with ASD proceed at the individual level to reveal individual responses to a WV intervention.
Checklist of bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in the urban areas of Cerrado in Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Bulhoes Felina Kelly Marques , Woitowicz Franciélli Cristiane Gruchowski , Ramos Ramon Lima , Oliveira Favízia Freitas de
Published: November 2021

In a global context, few studies have investigated the effects of urbanization on apifauna, as well as the importance of green areas in urban centers for the conservation of local bee fauna. In Brazil, this line of research is still quite recent, with most studies carried out in regions with a predominance of the Atlantic Rainforest phytogeographic domain. For the Brazilian state of Bahia, such research is still scarce and, especially, if we consider the large territorial dimension that this state denotes. In the area that covers the Cerrado, few studies have been carried out that inventory the urban apifauna. In this paper we present a list of bee species recorded in urban areas of the city of Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil, which represent the first apifauna inventory in the Western region of Bahia. Specimens were collected fortnightly from November 2019 to April 2020, using two sampling methods: colored water traps (ARCAs/pantraps) and entomological net, in two remnants of vegetation used as sampling points. A total of 749 specimens were sampled, distributed in four families, 18 tribes, 29 genera, and 45 species. A total of 369 (49.3%) specimens were collected using the entomological net and 380 specimens (50.7%) by using the ARCAs. Our results showed that the area with the highest level of urbanization had bioindicator species of degraded environments, which benefit from urbanization, and despite the urban growth, the fragments found in the matrix can serve as a refuge for bee fauna, as long as they are well planned.
Social Emotional Learning: A Framework for Practice and Pedagogy
Authors: Davis Kimberly , Christian David D. , Hammett Richard , Low Gary , Seagraves-Robinson Tanya
Published: November 2021

This second article of a three-part series describes a methodology framework for educator preparation programs and professional development promoting embedded SEL/TEI in practice and pedagogy.
Optimal Management of Evolving Hierarchies
Authors: Hougaard Jens Leth , Moreno-Ternero Juan D. , Østerdal Lars Peter
Published: November 2021

We study the optimal management of evolving hierarchies of revenue-generating agents. The initiator invests into expanding the hierarchy by adding another agent, who will bring revenues to the joint venture and who will invest herself into expanding the hierarchy further, and so on. The higher the investments (which are private information), the higher the probability of expanding the hierarchy. An allocation scheme specifies how revenues are distributed, as the hierarchy evolves. We obtain schemes that are socially optimal and initiator-optimal, respectively. Our results have potential applications for blockchain, cryptocurrencies, social mobilization, and multilevel marketing.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Cultural Appropriation of Polynesian Portrayed In Moana Movie
Authors: Fatha Nurul , Adam Maryam , Manaku Rudianto A. , Tangkilisan Sesar
Published: November 2021

This research aims to identify and describe cultural appropriation that were found in Moana. Cultural appropriation is one of the negative actions that can harm one culture. This action generally occurs due to a lack of understanding and appreciation of a culture. Based on Rogers[6] cultural appropriation as the use of a culture's symbols, artifacts, genres, rituals, or technologies by members of another culture, is inescapable when cultures come into contact, including virtual or representational contact. Rogers also divided cultural appropriation into four types, there are cultural exchange, cultural dominance, cultural exploitation, and transculturation. Based on Rogers theory above, cultural appropriation that were found in Moana is cultural exploitation. This research was used Qualitative descriptive method. The source data of this research are from “Moana” by Ron Clements and John Musker. This movie was released in 2016 with 113 minutes duration. This analysis shows there are four points of cultural appropriation that were found in “Moana”. Firstly, depiction figure of “Maui”, a demigod figure illustrated very different from the original form in the movie Moana. Secondly, depiction of Kakamora people. Thirdly, depiction of the cliché coconuts. Fourthly, Disney removing Maui’s family out of the tale. This leads to deviations in views towards the representatives of the population and Polynesian beliefs.
The Big Switch
Authors: Egersdorff Sue
Published: November 2021

As the pandemic continues to affect how we live, we are reminded of the value of connection between generations. We are increasingly aware that we all thrive when the health and wellbeing of everyone in the community is sensitively considered. This brief article challenges us to think deeper about how we encourage and advocate for such connection.
Christmas games
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: November 2021

Are you looking for new Christmas games to play with your children this year? Here we share captivating games that specifically develop children's communication and language skills.
Stoma care appliances: an overview
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: November 2021

A core aim in stoma care is to ensure the appliance (also known as a pouch or bag) establishes and maintains a secure seal, and so identifying the appropriate appliance for an individual ostomate is vital. This article presents a summary of the latest available range of stoma appliances on the market. There are two types of pouching systems: one and two piece. There are three main types of stoma appliances: closed, drainable and urostomy. Stoma care nurses need to be well informed about stoma appliance innovation, so that they can advise patients on what appliance is best for them. It is also the role of a stoma care nurse to educate patients on the technique for appliance application. If a patient is wearing an inappropriate appliance or they have a poor application technique, this can result in stoma complications, such as leakage and/or sore peristomal skin.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: development of a regional life-course collaborative clinical care pathway
Authors: Anderson Emily , Green Richard , Swift Andrew , Semple Malcolm G
Published: November 2021

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare, genetic disorder that can present at any age. It is characterised by epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations, which can affect multiple organs. Early diagnosis and management reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.

There is a well-established hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia clinic in London, and excellent links across Europe via the European Reference Network. However, local coordinated care for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia across the UK can be variable and often absent for children and young people. Some patients travel long distances to receive care in London, while others are referred to local clinicians or lost to follow up entirely.

This article presents the experience to date from two regional UK centres (Liverpool and Dundee) where care for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is being coordinated and streamlined. While there is still a lot to learn, this article highlights some of the successes and challenges identified so far, with suggestions for how these could be addressed.

Collaborative regional networks such as these can facilitate the sharing of best practice and ensure that all patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia are able to access safe, high-quality care.
Estimation of Finite Population Variance Under Stratified Sampling Technique
Authors: Yasmeen Uzma , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad
Published: November 2021

The efficiency of the study variable can be improved by incorporating the information from the known auxiliary variables. Usually two techniques ratio and regression estimation are used with the help of auxiliary information in different approaches to acquire the high precision of the estimators. Considering the very heterogeneous population to get the size of the sample it may be originating impossible to get a sufficiently accurate and precise estimate by taking the simple random sampling technique from the complete population. Occasionally taking sample issue may differ significantly in different part of the entire population. For example, under study population consists of people living in apartments, own homes, hospitals and prisons or people living in plain regions and hill regions so in such situations the stratified sampling is one of the most commonly used approach to get a representative sample in survey sampling from different cross units of the population. The present study is set out on the recommendation of generalized variance estimators for finite population variance incorporating stratified sampling scheme with the information of single and two transformed auxiliary variables. The expressions of bias and mean square error (MSE) are obtained for the advised exponential type estimators. The conditions are obtained for which the anticipated estimators are better than the usual estimator. An empirical and simulation study is conducted to prove the superiority of the recommended estimator.
T-DSES: A Blockchain-powered Trusted Decentralized Service Eco-System
Authors: Wu Xing , Gao Zhenfeng , Fan Yushun , Li Xiu , Gu Liang , Zhang Jia , Chen Chang , Zhang Hao , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2021

Existing Web service eco-systems are typically managed in a centralized manner, which hinders their further development due to inherent disadvantages such as trust issues, interest disputes, value separation and so on. The recently emerged blockchains provide distributed ledgers that enable parties who do not fully trust each other to maintain a set of global states, which provide a natural solution. Based on the INKchain, which is an open-source permissioned blockchain mechanism extending the Hyperledger Fabric, this paper proposes Trusted Decentralized Service Eco-System (T-DSES). T-DSES achieves not only fundamental functionalities of conventional systems, but also offers mechanisms to stimulate participants to bring trustworthiness to the whole system. The trustworthiness of T-DSES is realized by three strategies: reliable information of services and mashups, reliable records of participants’ rights, and reliable measurement of participants’ contributions. A customized token “SToken” is created to act as the media of value circulation. In this paper, the overall framework and detailed design of T-DSES are presented, especially including how to utilize Kubernetes to establish a cloud-based environment. A tailored Web front-end ensures the usability of operations. Over real-world data from ProgrammableWeb.com, analyses and experiments have been conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented approach.
Towards the Importance of the Type of Deep Neural Network and Employment of Pre-trained Word Vectors for Toxicity Detection: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha
Published: November 2021

As a natural consequence of offering many advantages to their users, social media platforms have become a part of daily lives. Recent studies emphasize the necessity of an automated way of detecting the offensive posts in social media since these ‘toxic’ posts have become pervasive. To this end, a novel toxic post detection approach based on Deep Neural Networks was proposed within this study. Given that several word embedding methods exist, we shed light on which word embedding method produces better results when employed with the five most common types of deep neural networks, namely,  , , , , and a combination of  and . To this end, the word vectors for the given comments were obtained through four different methods, namely, () , () , () , and () the  layer of deep neural networks. Eventually, a total of twenty benchmark models were proposed and both trained and evaluated on a gold standard dataset which consists of  tweets. According to the experimental result, the best , , was obtained on the proposed  model without employing pre-trained word vectors which outperformed the state-of-the-art works and implies the effective embedding ability of s. Other key findings obtained through the conducted experiments are that the models, that constructed word embeddings through the  layers, obtained higher s and converged much faster than the models that utilized pre-trained word vectors.
The Molecular Characterization and Gene Expressions of Trehalase in Bumblebee, Bombus lantschouensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Qin Jiamin , Liu Feng , Wu Jie , He Shaoyu , Imran Muhammad , Lou Wen , Li-Byarlay Hongmei , Luo Shudong
Published: November 2021

Trehalose provides the main energy source for the physiological activities of insects, especially in adverse conditions. Trehalase is the only enzyme that hydrolyzes trehalose, therefore it is important to clarify the distribution and expression of trehalase under adverse conditions such as high temperatures and starvation. Here, we have cloned the trehalase genes and investigated their expression in different tissues, at multiple development stages, and with the treatments of high temperature and starvation in Bombus lantschouensis, which is considered to be one of the most commercially viable native species in China. The results suggest that the membrane-bound (BlTre-2) cDNA has an open reading frame of 1986 nucleotides, which encodes a protein of 662 amino acids, and two putative transmembrane domains. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BlTre-2 was expressed in 10 tissues and at nine development stages, with the highest expression in general in 30-day-old workers, and in ovarian tissue in particular. The expression of BlTre-1 for 15-day-old workers which were exposed to a pre-treatment of 45°C increased over the first 5 h and subsequently decreased over time. In contrast the expression of BlTre-2 consistently decreased over time. The highest expression levels of BlTre-1 and BlTre-2 were observed the newly emerged adult workers when starved for 16-20 h. These results indicate that BlTre-2 may be part of the carbohydrate metabolism of the bumblebee, and that BlTre-1 is a key gene regulating energy metabolism and providing trehalose when exposed to a high temperature. Both BlTre-1 and BlTre-2 may balance trehalose and provide energy when B. lantschouensis is starved.
Assemblages of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in the Veredas of Central Brazil
Authors: De Castro Lourivaldo Amancio , Andena Sergio Ricardo , Anjos e Silva Evandson José
Published: November 2021

Social wasps are widely distributed in Brazil, and their distribution is intimately linked to habitats and the vegetation structure. Veredas (Brazilian Palm swamps) occur in moist soils and are characterized by the almost monodominant presence of Buriti palms (Maurítia flexuosa). The insect fauna of these environments is poorly known, especially in Central Brazil. Some studies assessing the diversity of social wasps were carried out in the State of Mato Grosso, however, there are no studies performed in the palm swamps of this region. Thus, we aim in this study to investigate the composition of wasp species in six vereda environments throughout 24 months of sampling, from august 2017 to July 2019; The specimens were collected using a sweep net, in 200m transects that were subdivided into 10 3m2 parcels. To attract the wasps, we sprayed each parcel (using a backpack sprayer) with an insect attractant made from five spoons of granulated sugar and one spoon of salt dissolved in 5 liters of water. After spraying the plot, we waited 10 minutes before starting the collections and stayed another 10 minutes to sample in each plot, totaling 200 minutes of sampling per palm swamp. A total of 1062 social wasp specimens were collected, distributed in 10 genera and 36 species. The most abundant species were Polybia cf. ruficeps xantops (Richards, 1978), Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836), Polybia rejecta (Lepeletier, 1836), and Mischocyttarus sp. 2, which accounted for 57% of the total collected specimens in the 60 parcels. The estimated richness for the Vereda environments was 38,88 ± 0,627, approximately 41% of the 88 species of Polistinae wasps found in the Cerrado of eastern Mato Grosso.
TeVeS: uma alternativa ao modelo da matéria escura
Authors: Batista Carlos Eduardo M.
Published: November 2021

A materia escura continua sendo um desafio para a Física, uma vez que ela não é detectada nem existe um modelo teórico que possa prever de maneira clara a sua existência. No entanto, ela é necessária tendo em vista que as curvas planas de rotação de galáxias só são compreendidas pela imposição à força de sua existência. Por outro lado, na década de 1980 foi proposta uma modicação da gravitação (MOND) de tal maneira que não seria necessário impor uma componente não-visível. Em 2004, Bekenstein propôs o TeVeS, a mais completa e bem-sucedida teoria da família MOND. Contudo, tanto as teorias da famlia MOND quanto o postulado da matéria escura possuem pontos fortes e fracos.
Apresentação da Técnica de Tomografia por Impedância Magnética Aplicada ao Imageamento em Medicina
Authors: De Jesus Helcimar Moura , Lemaire Thierry J.
Published: November 2021

A técnica de Tomografia por Impedância Magnética é apresentada de forma introdutória e o problema inverso associado, no caso de um corpo cilíndrico, é resolvido com o algoritmo Simulated Annealing. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo foram obtidos por um dos autores no seu trabalho de final de curso. Considerações práticas sobre a questão do ruído na instrumentação assim como o impacto da presença deste ruído nos sinais a ser tratados não são abordados.
Efeito da Desordem em Excitações Magnéticas Elementares
Authors: Nascimento Elton M. , De Jesus Antonio Delson C.
Published: November 2021

A inclusão da desordem nos diversos sistemas físicos tem trazido relevantes resultados nos últimos anos no estudo das propriedades dos materiais. Devido à forte relação entre o modelo de Anderson e o de Heisenberg, para as excitações magnéticas elementares, é esperado que a desordem excerça um papel semelhante para ambos os casos, desta forma, munidos de recursos computacionais mais avançados, refizemos os cálculos para investigar o papel da desordem nos auto-estados de 1-magnon. Os resultados já encontrados para o caso eletrônico nos motivaram a investigar, também, a inclusão de correlações na distribuição de desordem para o caso magnético. Nossos resultados confirmaram as expectativas, ou seja, a inclusão de desordem nas constantes de interação de troca entre os pares de spin faz com que os seus auto-estados se limitem à uma região finita da cadeia. Já com a inclusão da correlação de longo alcance, esta tendência sofre uma mudança para um grau da correlação alpha > 1.0. Neste caso, surge uma banda de auto-estado estendido em epsilon < 2.5.
Novas Tecnologias em Educação: o uso dos recursos da informática na educação científica
Authors: Dos Anjos Antônio Jorge Sena
Published: November 2021

No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma breve e panorâmica visão crítica sobre o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na Educação e em especial na Educação em Ciências. Mais precisamente, buscamos centrar nossa atenção nos recursos da informática, com ênfase para o uso e adequação dos programas de simulação no ensino da Física.
O Uso do Livro Didático na Visão dos Professores da Escola Secundária: considerações gerais
Authors: Ribeiro Miltão Milton S. , Moraes Simões Maria Tereza , Serra Denise Simões , R. Souza Tânia Cristina
Published: November 2021

Neste trabalho consideramos, a partir do ponto de vista dos professores do segundo grau, a questão do uso dos livros didáticos em sala de aula. Levando em conta as funções do livro, bem como a linguagem subjacente, estabelecemos uma definição para o livro didático e analisamos dez questões, por nós formuladas, tecendo algumas considerações com o objetivo de solucioná-las.
Obstáculos Epistemológicos e o Conceito de Calor
Authors: Correia Jornandes Jesús , Lima Ludiane Silva , Rocha Magalhães Lívia Diana
Published: November 2021

A cultura científica contribuiu para o surgimento de obstáculos epistemológicos devido ao uso de expressões como "Geracão", "Transferência", "Troca", "Perda", "Retirada", "Corrente", "Propagação", "Condução", "Escoamento", "Irradiação" e "Fluxo" de Calor. Com isso, erros conceituais são inseridos na definição de calor, o que compromete a compreensão dessa grandeza física. Os livros didáticos, que são indispensáveis ao aprendizado e a difusão do conhecimento, têm contribuído para disseminar e vulgarizar expressões inadequadas em suas definições, atribuindo características substancialistas ao calor. A cultura científica baseada na aceitação do calórico, e apoiada no prestígio de cientistas como Fahrenheit, Carnot, Galileu, Lavoisier, Laplace, Fourier, Kelvin e Black, foi gradualmente dando lugar a uma nova definição do calor. Foi necessário que outra plêiade de cientistas desmistificasse o calórico e atribuísse um novo signicado ao calor. Entretanto, o uso contínuo de termos remanescentes à época em que a teoria do calórico era aceita, denominações como Calor Latente, Calor Sensível e Condutibilidade Térmica etc., têm se constituído como verdadeiros obstáculos na mudança conceitual do calor. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de calor, vericando a existência de obstáculos epistemológicos causados pela imprecisão do seu uso.
O Campo de Radiação Quantizado sob Vínculos Macroscópicos e a Pressão de Casimir no Calibre de Coulomb
Authors: Farias Franz A. , Neto A. Matos
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho determina a pressão de Casimir seguindo as ideias da Eletrodinâmica Quântica Finita (Finite QED), i.e., construímos uma expressão para o tensor energia-momento (E-M) do campo de radiação quantizado de maneira a eliminar qualquer procedimento posterior de renormalização na obtenção de resultados finitos para os observáveis físicos, em particular, para a energia e o momento. O ponto de partida para este desenvolvimento é uma proposta de produto de operadores a ser utilizada na construção de observáveis, para os quais as medidas físicas sejam sempre resultados finitos. Com esta motivação, desenvolvemos o cálculo da pressão de Casimir no calibre de Coulomb considerando dois tipos de condições de fronteira: a de Dirichlet e a de Neumann.