bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reactions of (Z)‐Pent‐2‐ene‐4‐ynyl Acetates with Ethynylarenes for the Construction of Multisubstituted Fluorene Skeletons Through a Cascade Electrophilic Addition/Cycloisomerization Sequence.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Chuan , Yan Ru‐Long , Zhong Mei‐Jin , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: May 2012

It provides a straightforward approach to multisubstituted fluorenes and related compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Metalated Thiophenes with Grignard Reagent and Catalytic Secondary Amine for the Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Tanaka Daiki , Sugie Atsushi , Mori Atsunori
Published: May 2012

Thiophenes and benzofuran are metalated in 2‐position under conditions A), followed by Ni‐ or Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bond‐Mediated Cascade Reaction Involving Chalcones: Facile Synthesis of Enantioenriched Trisubstituted Tetrahydrothiophenes.
Authors: Ling Jun‐Bing , Su Yu , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Wang Guan‐Yu , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: May 2012

Target compounds with three stereogenic centers are directly obtained from commercially available materials with a low catalyst loading.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Terminal Acetals via Highly Selective anti‐Markovnikov Nucleophilic Attack of Pinacol on Vinylarenes, Allyl Ethers, and 1,5‐Dienes.
Authors: Yamamoto Mayumi , Nakaoka Sonoe , Ura Yasuyuki , Kataoka Yasutaka
Published: May 2012

In the presented reaction, the sterical bulkiness of pinacol (II) controls the regioselectivity in an anti‐Markovnikov manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cyclic Carbonates with Amidinium Halide Catalysts in Reusable, Reversible, Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids or Acetonitrile.
Authors: Yu Tao , Weiss Richard G.
Published: May 2012

Reaction between epoxides (I) and carbon dioxide (II) in room temperature ionic liquids and in the presence of an amidinium halide catalyst occurs cleanly to provide the cyclic carbonates (III), exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed, Solvent‐Free Domino Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazoles under Controlled Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Kumari Kumkum , Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Jouikov Viatcheslav , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: May 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for the three‐component reaction to give highly functionalized pyrazoles for drug development.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐aryl‐10‐ethoxycarbonylazuleno[2,1‐b]pyrans
Authors: Wang Dao‐lin , Feng Shan‐Shan , Cui Qing‐Tao , Yu Jia‐Yi
Published: May 2012

via DABCO‐catalyzed three‐component condensation of 2‐hydroxyazulenecarboxylate (I) with malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes; 14 examples
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Cascade Catalysis: Dual Broensted/Lewis Base Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl Enol Esters to Dihydropyranones.
Authors: Candish Lisa , Lupton David W.
Published: May 2012

The scope and mechanistic studies implicate that the title reaction proceeds via a novel electrocyclic cyclopropane rearrangement followed by an anionic oxy Claisen‐rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Hydroamination Transform to Access Polysubstituted Indolizidines.
Authors: Pronin Sergey V. , Tabor M. Greg , Jansen Daniel J. , Shenvi Ryan A.
Published: May 2012

The indolizines are accessed from simple dieneamines by an intramolecular, diastereo‐, regio‐, and chemoselective directed hydroboration/oxidative migration strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Suzuki Coupling: A Diversity‐Oriented Approach to the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3‐Substituted‐2‐aryl/heteroaryl Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Muralidharan A.
Published: May 2012

A modified approach using (A‐taphos)2PdCl2 as optimal catalyst allows the synthesis of various title compounds from iodo precursors (I) and (IV) for medicinal studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Palladium‐Mediated Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[j]phenanthridine‐7,12‐diones as Antituberculosis Agents.
Authors: Huygen Kris , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

A variety of benzophenanthridines (VII) (8 examples) is prepared by palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of bromides (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Ethyl 2‐(Substituted benzylthio)‐4‐(3′‐ (ethoxycarbonyl)biphenyl‐4‐yl) ‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate Derivatives.
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: May 2012

Title compounds (VII), synthesized starting from aldehyde (I) via a multicomponent reaction, are found to possess good to excellent antifungal (compared to amphotericin) and antibacterial (compared to ciprofloxacin) activity.
ChemInform Abstract: AlCl3‐Induced C‐Arylation/Cyclization in a Single Pot: A New Route to Benzofuran‐ Fused N‐Heterocycles of Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Adepu Raju , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Rambabu D. , Krishna G. Rama , Reddy C. Malla , Priya K. Krishna , Parsa Kishore V. L. , Pal Manojit
Published: May 2012

The AlCl3‐mediated cyclocondensation of 2,3‐dichloropyrazine derivatives with 2‐naphthol or resorcinol monoalkyl ethers offers a direct synthesis of various polycyclic bis‐fused furan derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoxazines, Quinazolines and 4H‐Benzo[e][1,3]thiazine by ANRORC Rearrangements of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Draghici Bogdan , El‐Gendy Bahaa El‐Dien M. , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: May 2012

1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles bearing an aryl group with a nucleophilic substituent at the ortho‐position react with BuLi via addition reaction, ring opening, and ring closing to give the title heterocycles in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Nitrogen‐Bridged Heterocycles. Part 75. Novel Rearrangements of a 8aH‐Pyrido[1,2‐d]thieno[2′,3′‐b][1,4]thiazepine Derivative.
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Itoh Kennosuke , Suga Hiroyuki , Ohkubo Yuuki , Kobayashi Ayaka , Nishi Takashi
Published: May 2012

The reaction of thiolate (I) with alkyne (II) in THF gives rise to tetracyclic derivative (III), whilst the reaction in chloroform leads to pyrrolothienothiazocine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Silahelicenes Using Ir‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Uchiyama Toshifumi , Yoshinami Yusuke , Takayasu Satoshi , Tsuchikama Kyoji , Endo Kohei
Published: May 2012

The first synthesis of silahelicenes (IV), which have helical chirality including silole moieties, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Shuffle off the Classic β‐Si Elimination by Ni‐NHC Cooperation: Implication for C—C Forming Reactions Involving Ni‐Alkyl‐β‐silanes
Authors: Ho Chun‐Yu , He Lisi
Published: May 2012

Via cooperation of an NHC, Si substituents and metal center, β‐Si elimination is attenuated revealing a new way to attain a high amount of Ni‐β‐SiR3.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Aminophosphonates via Conjugate Addition of α‐Nitrophosphonates to Enones.
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: May 2012

The reaction proceeds in the presence of a new alkaloid‐derived thiourea catalyst.The scope of enones and nitrophosphonates investigated suggests that electron‐rich aryl vinyl ketones (I) are excellent substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure anti‐1,2‐Diaryl and syn‐1, 2‐Alkylaryl vic‐Selenoamines.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose L. , Torrente Esther , Alonso Ines , Rodriguez Mercedes , Martin‐Castro Ana M. , Degl'Innocenti Alessandro , Frateschi Lucrezia , Capperucci Antonella
Published: May 2012

Treatment of selenide (I) with the sulfinylarylimines (II) allows highly stereoselective formation of anti‐1,2‐diaryl selenoamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Tumonoic Acids K and L, Novel Metabolites from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum
Authors: Chen Li , Huang Kai , Zhong Ping , Hu Xiao , Fang Zhe‐Xiang , Wu Jiu‐lin , Zhang Qi‐Qing
Published: May 2012

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of new ester (II) and epimeric tumonoic acids (I) as well as nine known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Exo‐ and Endohormones. Part 24. A Convenient Synthesis of (Z)‐11‐Tetradecen‐1‐yl Acetate, Component of Lepidoptera Insect Sex Pheromone.
Authors: Gansca Lucia , Andreica Adriana , Ciotlaus Irina , Maxim Sanda , Oprean Ioan
Published: May 2012

Title compound (V) is synthesized starting from diol (I) using the lithiation and subsequent alkylation of di(t‐butoxy‐dodecyne)mercury (II) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Flavone from the Melicope patulinervia (Merr. & Chun) Huang.
Authors: Liu Ting , Liao Haibing , Yuan Ke , Zhang Yanbing
Published: May 2012

A new flavone (I) is isolated together with three known flavones.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Flavanone and Chalcone from Erythrina mildbraedii Harms (Fabaceae) of Cameroon.
Authors: Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Ali Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Ghafoor , Afza Nighat , Lateef Mehreen , Iqbal Lubna , Waffo Alain F. K. , Ahmed Zeeshan
Published: May 2012

The new flavanone, mildbone (I), and the new chalcone, mildbenone (II), show significant antioxidant and moderate lipoxygenase inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Various Titanium Oxide Photocatalysts
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi , Anpo Masakazu
Published: May 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Method for Topological Analysis of High Nuclearity Coordination Clusters and Its Application to Mn Coordination Compounds
Authors: Kostakis George E. , Blatov Vladislav A. , Proserpio Davide M.
Published: May 2012

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Coinage Metal Catalysis for the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Krause Norbert , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenocarbonyls
Authors: Murai Toshiaki
Published: May 2012

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Selenium
Authors: Iwaoka Michio
Published: May 2012

Review: 282 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Borylation of C—H and C—Halogen Bonds of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Arenes for the Synthesis of Boronic Esters
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Miyaura Norio
Published: May 2012

Review: 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Fluorinated Aromatics by NickelMediated C—H and C—F Bond Oxidative Addition: Prospects for the Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Johnson Samuel A. , Hatnean Jillian A. , Doster Meghan E.
Published: May 2012

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Pentalenes, s‐Indacenes, as‐Indacenes, Azulenes, and Heptalenes, and Their Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Abou‐Hadeed K. , Hansen H.‐J.
Published: May 2012

Review: 223 refs.
Tuning the Dimensions of ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Application in Hybrid Photovoltaics
Authors: Baeten Linny , Conings Bert , D'Haen Jan , De Dobbelaere Christopher , Hardy An , Manca Jean V. , Van Bael Marlies K.
Published: May 2012

ZnO nanorod arrays are a very eligible option as electron acceptor material in hybrid solar cells, owing to their favorable electrical properties and abundance of available, easy, and low‐cost synthesis methods. To become truly effective in this field, a major prerequisite is the ability to tune the nanorod dimensions towards optimal compatibility with electron‐donating absorber materials. In this work, a water‐based seeding and growth procedure is used to synthesize ZnO nanorods. The nanorod diameter is tuned either by modifying the zinc concentration of the seeding solution or by changing the concentration of the hydrothermal growth solution. The consequences of this morphological tailoring in the performance of hybrid solar cells are investigated, which leads to a new record efficiency of 0.82 % for hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods of size 300 nm in combination with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT). This improvement is attributed to a combined effect of nanorod diameter and orientation, and possibly to a better alignment of the P3HT backbone resulting in improved charge transport.
Synthesis of lead telluride particles by thermal decomposition method for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Leontyev V. G. , Ivanova L. D. , Bente K. , Lazenka V. V. , Gremenok V. F.
Published: May 2012

The lead telluride fine crystalline particles were synthesized using thermal decomposition and chemical interaction of lead acetate and tellurium powder mixture in reducing atmosphere (H2). For the process control, thermal gravimetry (TG), the different‐scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electronic microscopy (SEM) and measurements of the specific surface of particles were used. Additionally the influence of gas phases on the decomposition kinetics, crystal structure, size, specific surface of the particles and the physical properties were analyzed. Seebeck coefficient values increased with decreasing synthesis temperature and increasing specific surfaces of the powder. The presented method of preparing lead telluride polydisperse particles is developed to create nano‐structured thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit.
Luminescent properties of CsI single crystals grown from the melt treated with EuI2
Authors: Cherginets V. L. , Rebrova T. P. , Datsko Yu. N. , Goncharenko V. F. , Kosinov N. N. , Yavetsky R. P. , Pedash V. Yu.
Published: May 2012

CsI single crystals treated with EuI2 as a scavenger are grown and their radioluminescence spectra and scintillation light decay curves are obtained. Addition of the quantities of the scavenger comparable with the total concentration of the oxygen‐containing admixtures in the melt results in complete destruction of the latter. In its turn, this causes the disappearance of the band with a maximum at 2.8 eV in the radioluminescence spectrum and decreases the fraction of the slow 2 µs‐component to 0.01. The addition of larger quantities of EuI2 leads to the appearance of a wide band with the maximum at 2.8 eV characterized by a decay constant of 2 µs; its intensity increases with the EuI2 concentration. The maximum ratio of two faster components with the decay constants equal to 7 and 30 ns approaches 0.58:0.41 at EuI2 concentration in CsI melt equal to 0.01 mol·kg−1.
Carbonization and Activation of Inexpensive Semicoke‐Packed Electrodes to Enhance Power Generation of Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Wei Jincheng , Liang Peng , Zuo Kuichang , Cao Xiaoxin , Huang Xia
Published: May 2012

A simple and low‐cost modification method was developed to improve the power generation performance of inexpensive semicoke electrode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). After carbonization and activation with water vapor at 800–850 °C, the MFC with the activated coke (modified semicoke) anode produced a maximum power density of 74 W m−3, 17 W m−3, and 681 mW m−2 (normalized to anodic liquid volume, total reactor volume, and projected membrane surface area, respectively), which was 124 % higher than MFCs using a semicoke anode (33 W m−3, 8 W m−3, and 304 mW m−2). When they were used as biocathode materials, activated coke produced a maximum power density of 177 W m−3, 41 W m−3, and 1628 mW m−2 (normalized to cathodic liquid volume, total reactor volume, and projected membrane surface area, respectively), which was 211 % higher than that achieved by MFCs using a semicoke cathode (57 W m−3, 13 W m−3, and 524 mW m−2). A substantial increase was also noted in the conductivity, C/O mass ratio, and specific area for activated coke, which reduced the ohmic resistance, increased biomass density, and promoted electron transfer between bacteria and electrode surface. The activated coke anode also produced a higher Coulombic efficiency and chemical oxygen demand removal rate than the semicoke anode.
One‐Pot Conversions of Lignocellulosic and Algal Biomass into Liquid Fuels
Authors: De Sudipta , Dutta Saikat , Saha Basudeb
Published: May 2012

The one‐pot conversion of lignocellulosic and algal biomass into a liquid fuel, 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF), has been achieved by using a multicomponent catalytic system comprising [DMA]+[CH3SO3]− (DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide), Ru/C, and formic acid. The synthesis of DMF from all substrates was carried out under mild reaction conditions. The reaction progressed via 5‐hydroxyemthylfurfural (HMF) in the first step followed by hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of HMF with the Ru/C catalyst and formic acid as a hydrogen source. This report discloses the effectiveness of the Ru/C catalyst for the first time for DMF synthesis from inexpensive and readily abundant biomass sources, which gives a maximum yield of 32 % DMF in 1 h. A reaction route involving 5‐(formyloxymethyl)furfural (FMF) as an intermediate has been elucidated based on the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data. Another promising biofuel, 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), was also synthesized with high selectivity from polymeric carbohydrate‐rich biomass substrates by using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst, that is [DMA]+[CH3SO3]−, by etherification of HMF in ethanol.
Hydrovinylation Reactions – Atom‐Economic Transformations with Steadily Increasing Synthetic Potential
Authors: Hilt Gerhard
Published: May 2012

The intermolecular carbon–carbon bond formation between two alkenes also known as 1,2‐hydrovinylation reaction can be realised with different transition metal catalysts. The application of styrene derivatives, norbornenes and other alkenes in asymmetric catalysis with a variety of chiral ligands leads to α‐chiral alkene products in an atom‐economic transformation. Accordingly, the 1,2‐hydrovinylation is one of just a few asymmetric transformations which produce stereogenic centres in the absence of polarised functional groups. The 1,4‐hydrovinylation of terminal alkenes and 1,3‐dienes can be controlled by the electronic nature of the alkene starting material for the selective formation of linear or branched 1,4‐dienes. These adducts can be used for the synthesis of 1,3‐ as well as 1,4‐dicarbonyl derivatives upon ozonolysis of suitable intermediates. As an extension of the 1,4‐hydrovinylation reaction a cobalt‐catalysed 1,4‐hydrobutadienylation reaction is reported where two different 1,3‐dienes react selectively for the formation of 1,3,6‐trienes.
Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Halo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphosphole 2‐Oxides from 1,2‐Allenylphosphonates and CuX2 and Subsequent Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of the C–Cl Bonds
Authors: Xin Ning , Ma Shengming
Published: May 2012

A convenient and efficient synthesis of 4‐halo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphosphole 2‐oxides through CuX2‐mediated direct halocyclization of diethyl 1,2‐allenylphosphonates was developed. The yields range from moderate to excellent. The efficiency of axial‐to‐central chirality transfer has also been studied. Further Suzuki cross‐coupling of the resulting vinylic chlorides with dicyclohexyl(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)phosphane (LB‐Phos) as the ligand, was established.
Aggregation of stabilized TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions in the presence of inorganic ions
Authors: Shih Yang-Hsin , Liu Wei-Szu , Su Yuh-Fan
Published: May 2012

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of inorganic ions on the aggregation kinetics of stabilized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (NP) suspension, an NP mode widely used in consumer goods and in aquatic environments. The point of zero charge of stabilized TiO2 NPs was approximately pH 6.5. The particle size of the stabilized TiO2 NP suspensions increased with the increase in salt concentrations. The additional salts caused the shift of zeta potentials of TiO2 suspensions to a lower value. The TiO2 NPs aggregated more obviously in the presence of anions than cations, and the effect of divalent anions was larger than that of monovalent anions. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values for commercial TiO2 NP suspensions with positive surfaces were estimated as 290 and 2.3 meq/L for Cl− and SO 42−, respectively. These CCC values of stabilized TiO2 NP suspensions are higher than those of TiO2 NP powders, indicating greater stability of the commercial stabilized TiO2 NP suspensions. The effects of commercial TiO2 NP suspensions still need to be explored and defined. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) analysis can explain the aggregation behaviors of stabilized TiO2 NP suspensions. Such an understanding can facilitate the prediction of NP fate in the environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1693–1698. © 2012 SETAC
Geochronology and Landscape Development Along the Middle Río Quequén Grande at the Paso Otero Locality, Pampa Interserrana, Argentina
Authors: Johnson Eileen , Holliday Vance T. , Martínez Gustavo , Gutiérrez María , Politis Gustavo
Published: May 2012

The Paso Otero Locality is a cluster of archaeological sites within the middle Río Quequén Grande basin located in the northern coastal plain of Argentina. The valley fill is Holocene alluvial, eolian, and palustrine sediment, including the top of the Guerrero Member (∼10,000 14C yr B.P.), upper Río Salado Member (∼3000 14C yr B.P.), and lower La Postrera Formation (∼2400 14C yr B.P.). Regional soils include the Puesto Callejón Viejo (10,000 to 9400 14C yr B.P.) and the Puesto Berrondo (∼4800 14C yr B.P.). Radiocarbon sampling of buried A‐horizons on both sides of the river produced 17 dates considered reliable. The geoarchaeological information allows exploration of the implications for the formation of the archaeological record. Similar geological processes of differential intensity have resulted in contexts of different archaeological resolution and integrity. The Paso Otero Locality provides both a local and regional view of late Quaternary events and processes for the middle basin of the Río Quequén Grande.
A primitive cladid crinoid from the Jiacun Group, Tibet (Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician)
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. , Harper David A. T. , Renbin Zhan , Stemmerik Lars , Jianbo Liu , Stouge Svend
Published: May 2012

A collection of numerous crinoid pluricolumnals from the uppermost Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Tibet were derived from one biological species of crinoid. The specimens were collected from well‐lithified, bioclastic shelf limestones of the upper part of the Lower Chiatsun Group, Pygodus serra Biozone; coeval rocks of similar lithology outcrop at the summit of Everest. A new crinoid morphospecies, Segmentocolumnus (col.) hanshessi, is tentatively considered a ‘stem‐group cladid’, perhaps a dendrocrinid. The proxistele is broad and pentagonal in section with a broad, pentagonal axial canal; the mesistele of similar gross morphology is more slender with a regularly heteromorphic column and a similarly wide axial canal; the dististele is a terminal dendritic radice with a pentastellate axial canal. In the mesistele, the meric sutures correspond to the centres of the sides of the column, but in the dististele they occur in the angles. This range of morphologies would have led to their inclusion in at least two morphogenera if they had not been closely associated; as they belong to a single biological species, they have been ‘lumped’ together herein. This is a rare contribution to our knowledge of the early crinoids from a region outside Europe and North America. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining organizational responsiveness to work‐life balance issues: The role of business strategy and high‐performance work systems
Authors: Wang Jing , Verma Anil
Published: May 2012

This article applies new insights into business strategies and high‐performance work systems (HPWSs) to examine why organizations adopt work‐life balance programs (WLBPs). Results indicate that a product leadership business strategy is positively related to the likelihood of adopting WLBPs, whereas a cost leadership business strategy is negatively related to the adoption of these programs. Moreover, our analyses establish a mediating role of HPWSs in the relationship between business strategies and the adoption of WLBPs. Our results also demonstrate that different industries vary in adoption of work‐life balance programs. This supports the institutional theory of organizational responsiveness to work‐life balance issues. We tested our hypotheses with two waves of the nationally representative Canadian Workplace and Employee Survey. Implications and specific suggestions for human resource practitioners are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal Variation and Response to Osmotic Challenge in Urea Transporter Expression in the Dehydration‐ and Freeze‐Tolerant Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica
Authors: ROSENDALE ANDREW J. , COSTANZO JON P. , LEE RICHARD E.
Published: May 2012

Urea accumulation is a universal response to osmotic challenge in anuran amphibians, and facilitative urea transporters (UTs) seem to play an important role in this process by acting in the osmoregulatory organs to mediate urea retention. Although UTs have been implicated in urea reabsorption in anurans, little is known about the physiological regulation of UT protein abundance. We examined seasonal variation in and effects of osmotic challenge on UT protein and mRNA levels in kidney and urinary bladder of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica), a terrestrial species that tolerates both dehydration and tissue freezing. Using immunoblotting techniques to measure relative UT abundance, we found that UT numbers varied seasonally, with a low abundance prevailing in the fall and winter, and higher levels occurring in the spring. Experimental dehydration of frogs increased UT protein abundance in the urinary bladder, whereas experimental urea loading decreased the abundance of UTs in kidney and bladder. Experimental freezing, whether or not followed by thawing, had no effect on UT numbers. UT mRNA levels, assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, did not change seasonally nor in response to any of our experimental treatments. These findings suggest that regulation of UTs depends on the nature and severity of the osmotic stress and apparently occurs posttranscriptionally in response to multiple physiological factors. Additionally, UTs seem to be regulated to meet the physiological need to accumulate urea, with UT numbers increasing to facilitate urea reabsorption and decreasing to prevent retention of excess urea. J. Exp. Zool. 00A:1‐9, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chylous ascites after liver transplantation: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Akbulut Sami , Isik Burak , Ara Cengiz , Ozdemir Fatih , Aydin Cemalettin , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Yilmaz Sezai
Published: May 2012

In this study, we evaluated the diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment of chylous ascites developing after liver transplantation (LT). Between 2002 and 2011, LT was performed 693 times in 631 patients at our clinic. One-hundred fifteen of these patients were excluded for reasons such as retransplantation, early postoperative mortality, and insufficient data. Chylous ascites developed after LT (mean ± SD = 8.0 ± 3.2 days, range = 5-17 days) in 24 of the 516 patients included in this study. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we examined whether the following were risk factors for developing chylous ascites: age, sex, body mass index, graft-to-recipient weight ratio, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, vena cava cross-clamping time, total operation time, Child-Pugh classification, sodium level, portal vein thrombosis or ascites before transplantation, donor type, albumin level, and perihepatic dissection technique [LigaSure vessel sealing system (LVSS) versus conventional suture ligation]. According to a univariate analysis, a low albumin level (P = 0.04), the presence of ascites before transplantation (P = 0.03), and the use of LVSS for perihepatic dissection (P < 0.01) were risk factors for developing chylous ascites. According to a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, the presence of pretransplant ascites [P = 0.04, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-13.5] and the use of LVSS for perihepatic dissection (P = 0.01, HR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5-34.4) were independent risk factors. In conclusion, the presence of preoperative ascites and the use of LVSS for perihepatic dissection are independent risk factors for the formation of chylous ascites. To our knowledge, this study is the most extensive examination of the development of chylous ascites. Nevertheless, our results should be supported by new prospective trials. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
From NMP to RAFT and Thiol‐Ene Chemistry by In Situ Functionalization of Nitroxide Chain Ends
Authors: Petton Lionel , Ciolino Andrés E. , Stamenović Milan M. , Espeel Pieter , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: May 2012

A straightforward, novel strategy based on the in situ functionalization of polymers prepared by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP), for the use as an extension toward block copolymers and post‐polymerization modifications, has been investigated. The nitroxide end group is exchanged for a thiocarbonylthio end group by a rapid transfer reaction with bis(thiobenzoyl) disulfide to generate in situ reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) macroinitiators. Moreover, not only have these macroinitiators been used in chain extension and block copolymerization experiments by the RAFT process but also a thiol‐terminated polymer is synthesized by aminolysis of the RAFT end group and subsequently reacted with dodecyl vinyl ether by thiol‐ene chemistry.
Extracytoplasmic function σ factors of the widely distributed group ECF41 contain a fused regulatory domain
Authors: Wecke Tina , Halang Petra , Staroń Anna , Dufour Yann S. , Donohue Timothy J. , Mascher Thorsten
Published: May 2012

Bacteria need signal transducing systems to respond to environmental changes. Next to one‐ and two‐component systems, alternative σ factors of the extra‐cytoplasmic function (ECF) protein family represent the third fundamental mechanism of bacterial signal transduction. A comprehensive classification of these proteins identified more than 40 phylogenetically distinct groups, most of which are not experimentally investigated. Here, we present the characterization of such a group with unique features, termed ECF41. Among analyzed bacterial genomes, ECF41 σ factors are widely distributed with about 400 proteins from 10 different phyla. They lack obvious anti‐σ factors that typically control activity of other ECF σ factors, but their structural genes are often predicted to be cotranscribed with carboxymuconolactone decarboxylases, oxidoreductases, or epimerases based on genomic context conservation. We demonstrate for Bacillus licheniformis and Rhodobacter sphaeroides that the corresponding genes are preceded by a highly conserved promoter motif and are the only detectable targets of ECF41‐dependent gene regulation. In contrast to other ECF σ factors, proteins of group ECF41 contain a large C‐terminal extension, which is crucial for σ factor activity. Our data demonstrate that ECF41 σ factors are regulated by a novel mechanism based on the presence of a fused regulatory domain.
Patient Decision Making: Exponential versus Hyperbolic Discounting
Authors: Graves Samuel B. , Ringuest Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2012

Evidence strongly indicates that human decision makers discount the future using a hyperbolic function instead of following an exponential, which has been the long‐standing assumption. We compare the exponential and hyperbolic models in evaluation of a simple research and development project selection problem, finding that the exponential function favors short‐term choices, while the hyperbolic function favors the long‐term. We demonstrate applications of the hyperbolic function, concluding that the traditional exponential—which does not faithfully represent typical human preferences—leads toward myopic decision making when compared to the hyperbolic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aging properties and mechanism of the modified asphalt by packaging waste polyethylene and waste rubber powder
Authors: Fang Changqing , Wu Caixia , Yu Ruien , Zhang Zengping , Zhang Min , Zhou Shisheng
Published: May 2012

For the consideration of the environmental and economic issues, retrieved packaging waste polyethylene and waste rubber powder were selected as modifiers to modify the ordinary oil asphalt, and the rotating film oven test was adopted to study the aging process of the modified asphalt. The results showed that the performance of the modified asphalt deteriorated, as indicated by the increase in the softening point and the reduced ductility and penetration. However, compared with nonmodified asphalt, the rangeability of the performance indicators of the modified asphalt before and after aging became narrow, indicating that the aging properties of the modified asphalt were improved. In the modified asphalt system, the swelling of the polymer modifiers was caused by the absorption of the light components of the asphalt, thereby reducing the formation of asphaltenes in the aging process. The polymer modifiers absorb the light oil of the asphalt, which can reduce the content of free radicals and improve the aging properties of the asphalt. In addition, the waste rubber power containing antioxidants and anti‐ozone agents effectively improves the antiaging properties of the asphalt. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene: sorption of ionic liquid in the amorphous phase and of organic guests in the crystalline phase
Authors: Dembna Agata , Venditto Vincenzo , Albunia Alexandra R. , Califano Rosa , Guerra Gaetano
Published: May 2012

Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Wide‐Angle X‐Ray Diffraction (WAXD) measurements have clearly established the occurrence of a dual sorption ability of sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene samples, which exhibit the nanoporous δ crystalline phase. In fact, large uptake (up to 20–30 wt%) of ionic liquid (IL; e.g. 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide) occurs only in the hydrophilic amorphous sulfonated phases and does not disturb the hydrophobic nanoporous crystalline δ phase. On the other hand, a large uptake of organic guests (e.g. naphthalene) occurs prevailingly in the nanoporous hydrophobic crystalline phase, independently of the presence of the IL in the amorphous phase, eventually leading to the formation of syndiotactic polystyrene co‐crystalline phases. The thermal stability of IL can be largely increased by their inclusion in the amorphous phase of sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene films. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial field performance of a hybrid CPV‐T microconcentrator system
Authors: Vivar M. , Everett V. , Fuentes M. , Blakers A. , Tanner A. , Le Lievre P. , Greaves M.
Published: May 2012

The first prototype of the hybrid CPV‐T ANU‐Chromasun micro‐concentrator has been installed at The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. The results of electrical and thermal performance of the micro‐concentrator system, including instantaneous and full‐day monitoring, show that the combined efficiency of the system can exceed 70%. Over the span of a day, the average electrical efficiency was 8% and the average thermal efficiency was 50%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multichromic benzimidazole‐containing polymers: Comparison of donor and acceptor unit effects
Authors: Nurioglu Ayda Goycek , Akpinar Hava , Sendur Merve , Toppare Levent
Published: May 2012

This study reports a comparative study on electrochromic properties of two donor–acceptor–donor (DAD)‐type polymers namely poly(2‐heptyl‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo [d]imidazole) (BImTh) and poly(4,7‐bis(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b] [1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)‐2‐heptyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole) (BImEd). DAD‐type monomers were polymerized electrochemically on indium tin oxide‐coated glass slides to determine the optical properties of the polymers. Electrochemical p‐doping experiments were performed to determine the band gap and absorption band values of the polymer films at different redox states. Polymerization of BImTh and BImEd yields multichromic polymers. Donor and acceptor effects are studied by comparing the PBImEd and PBImTh with corresponding benzotriazole derivatives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Experimental methods to suppress random telegraph signal noise in acoustic charge transport nanostructure devices
Authors: Song Li , Zhang Chuanyu , Chen Shuwei , Gao Jie
Published: May 2012

We present an experimental investigation of how the different operating parameters affect the random telegraph signal (RTS) noise in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The altered parameters include: SAW power and frequency, phase difference between two counterpropagating SAW beams, and asymmetrical voltage applied to the two side gates of the quantum point contact. The results indicate that proper tuning of the relevant parameters can reduce the RTS noise, which would be beneficial for metrological applications. Building on the experimental results, physical models have been proposed to explain the reason why the effective reduction of the noise can be achieved.
A three‐dimensional rotating rigid units network exhibiting negative Poisson's ratios
Authors: Attard Daphne , Grima Joseph N.
Published: May 2012

Materials exhibiting auxetic behaviour get fatter when stretched (i.e. possess a negative Poisson's ratio). This property has been closely related to particular geometrical features of a system and how it deforms. One of the mechanisms which is known to have a potential to generate such behaviour is that of rotating rigid units. Several models based on this concept have been developed, including two‐dimensional as well as three‐dimensional (3D) models. In this work, we propose a new 3D structure constructed from rigid cuboids which also deform through relative rotation of the units. In particular, analytical models for the mechanical properties, namely the Poisson's ratio and the Young's moduli, are derived and it is shown that for loading on‐axis, these systems have the potential to exhibit negative values for all the six on‐axis Poisson's ratios.
Preparation of nanoporous GaAs substrates for epitaxial growth
Authors: Grym Jan , Nohavica Dušan , Vaniš Jan , Piksová Kateřina
Published: May 2012

We report on the electrochemical preparation of porous GaAs substrates suited for the lattice mismatched epitaxial growth from the liquid and vapour phase The aim is to gain control over the uniformity of the pore nucleation layer and pore branching below this layer to achieve structures with a high degree of porosity and periodicity. The etching process should be surface‐friendly and leave minimum damage on the substrate surface to be ready for the subsequent epitaxial growth. We show that surfaces with different pore diameter, pore spacing and surface roughness can be achieved by careful selection of the etching regime, electrolyte, and substrate. Moreover, the pore depth, pore density and pore branching can be tailored to comply with the subsequent epitaxial growth (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fruit Extracts on Rat Heart Mitochondrial Functions
Authors: Trumbeckaitė S. , Burdulis D. , Raudonė L. , Liobikas J. , Toleikis A. , Janulis V.
Published: May 2012

In this study, the direct influence of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) rich in anthocyanins on the oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat heart mitochondria was investigated in vitro. Higher concentrations of bilberry extracts concentration‐dependently inhibited mitochondrial state 3 respiration (by 23%–61%) with pyruvate plus malate, mildly (by 1.2‐ to 1.3‐fold) uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation, and increased (by 30%–87%) the state 4 respiration rate in the presence of exogenous cytochrome c. Succinate oxidation was less affected. Pure anthocyanins, the main components of used extracts, malvidin‐3‐glucoside, malvidin‐3‐galactoside, and cyanidin‐3‐galactoside, had no effect on oxidation of pyruvate plus malate. A statistically significant decrease in H2O2 production by mitochondria was found in the presence of bilberry fruit extracts. Our findings show that bilberry fruit anthocyanin‐rich extracts possess direct effects on rat heart mitochondrial function in vitro. These findings give the first insights into the mechanism(s) of their action on cellular energy metabolism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lincoln Center Canopies, New York
Authors: Knippers Jan , Riederer Jochen , Oppe Matthias
Published: May 2012

Die weit auskragende Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktion in New York, USA, besteht aus zwei nach außen gekippten, knapp über 27m langen Stahlträgern, einer zentralen Stütze und einer aussteifenden Glasfläche. Unter den beiden Stahlträgern sind zwölf 2,30 × 4,40m große Scheiben aus 4‐fach VSG angehängt, welche zur Aussteifung der Konstruktion dienen. Weitere aussteifende Elemente sind daher nicht erforderlich. Über eigens entwickelte Punkthalter werden die Glasscheiben an jeweils vier Punkten befestigt und mit einem Zweikomponenten‐Injektionsmörtel kraftschlüssig verbunden. Am Knick der Stütze gewährleistet ein «Glasknie» bestehend aus zwei rahmenlosen 4‐fach VSG‐Scheiben die Lastweiterleitung.
Multifunktionale, sphärisch gebogene Oberlichtverglasung für das Städel Museum
Authors: Otto Kai , Kloft Harald , Mähl Florian , Sastré Hanno
Published: May 2012

Das Städel Museum in Frankfurt ist durch einen unterirdischen Neubau erweitert worden. Gestaltprägende Elemente sowohl im Gebäudeinneren wie auch im gartenlandschaftlichen Außenraum sind 195 kreisrunde Oberlichter, die multifunktionale Anforderungen erfüllen müssen. Neben den statischen Anforderungen an die Begehbarkeit und bauphysikalische Durchbildung als Isolierverglasung erfolgt die gesamte Belichtung – sowohl Tages‐ wie auch Kunstlicht – ausschließlich über diese Öffnungen. Darüber hinaus wurden bei dem Bauvorhaben erstmals sphärisch kaltgekrümmte Scheiben als Überkopfverglasung eingesetzt, die dauerhaft allein über den Schubverbund tragen.
Anwendung von thermisch gebogenem Glas im Bauwesen
Authors: Scheideler Eva , Broich Markus , Elstner Michael
Published: May 2012

Gebogene bzw. gekrümmte Gläser werden in der Architektur immer häufiger verwendet. Die gebogenen Elemente können fließende Konturen, organische Körper oder mutige Bogenkonstruktionen schaffen. Die technischen Entwicklungen der Herstellung und der Veredelung von Glas schreiten stetig voran. Daher ist es notwendig, neben einer wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung dieses Produktes die Anwendung näher zu beschreiben. Da es keine oder sehr wenige Normen, Regelwerke oder Richtlinien über dieses Bauprodukt gibt, hat der Bundesverband Flachglas einen Leitfaden für thermisch gebogenes Glas erstellt, welcher als Grundlagenwerk hierfür angesehen werden kann. Es werden die baurechtlichen Randbedingungen ebenso beschrieben, wie die Besonderheiten bei der Glasbemessung. Darüber hinaus werden Hinweise zu möglichen Toleranzen und zur Montage gegeben. Gebogenes Glas (aus Floatglas, ESG, ESG‐H oder VSG) kann in Deutschland aktuell nur mit einer ZiE oder einer vorhandenen AbZ verwendet und eingebaut werden. Die statische Di‐mensionierung von gebogenem Glas, welche sich grundlegend von ebenen Glastafeln unterscheidet, wird ebenso erläutert. Der Leitfaden gibt hierbei u. a. orientierende Festigkeitswerte für die Vor‐dimensionierung an.
Ein Modell zur Bestimmung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von heißgelagertem ESG
Authors: Schneider Jens , Hilcken Jonas , Kasper Andreas
Published: May 2012

Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von heißgelagertem ESG durch Nickelsulfid‐Einschlüsse. Durch die Heißlagerung, entsprechend der Regelungen nach DIN EN 14179 oder der Bauregelliste, sollen Glasscheiben, die Einschlüsse enthalten, vorzeitig zu Bruch gebracht werden. Für die Bestimmung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit werden Spontanbrüche aus Schadensfällen und aus Heißlagerungstests statistisch ausgewertet und die grundlegenden Einflussgrößen auf die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit anhand eines Modells quantifiziert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Regeln zur Durchführung der Heißlagerung einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit haben. Die Ergebnisse werden mit dem im Bauwesen üblichen Sicherheitsniveau nach DIN 1055‐100 verglichen.
Verbundsicherheitsglas und Glasfassaden unter Explosionsbeanspruchung
Authors: Larcher Martin , Gebbeken Norbert , Teich Martien
Published: May 2012

Kritische Infrastruktur muss vermehrt auch gegen Explosionsbeanspruchungen bemessen werden. Fenster und Fassaden sollen heute auch Schutzfunktionen übernehmen. Deshalb sind sie besonders zu betrachten. Der Artikel beschreibt Möglichkeiten der numerischen Simulation und deren experimentelle Validierung von explosionsbeanspruchten Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben sowie deren Befestigung an der Unterkonstruktion. Weiterhin wird die numerische Simulation ganzer Glasfassaden mit Stahlunterkonstruktionen oder Seilen beschrieben, die durch ihre Duktilität ein günstiges Verhalten gegenüber Explosionsbeanspruchungen zeigen können.
Oberflächenvorbehandlung von Fügeteilen zur Optimierung von Klebeverbindungen
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Kothe Christiane
Published: May 2012

Der Einbau von empfindlichen Materialien wie Glas in die Gebäudehülle lässt sich besonders gut über adhäsive Verbindungen realisieren. Kommerziell wird dafür eine Vielzahl von Klebstoffen angeboten, doch ist neben der Auswahl eines geeigneten Klebstoffsystems auch die Oberflächenqualität der Fügeteile für die Haftung entscheidend. Spezielle Vorbehandlungsverfahren führen zu einer besseren Benetzbarkeit der Oberfläche und schaffen zudem energetisch aktive Zentren. Insbesondere physikalisch‐chemische Methoden wie das Atmosphärendruckplasma oder die Flammenpyrolyse kommen hierfür zum Einsatz. Deren Wirkungsweise wurde auf unterschiedlichen Fügeteilen untersucht.
Ermittlung der Klebeigenspannungen struktureller Glas‐Glas‐Verbindungen
Authors: Hildebrand Jörg , Rütz Jenny
Published: May 2012

Die Klebeigenspannungen können bei transparenten Werkstoffen mit Hilfe der spannungsoptischen Messmethode zerstörungsfrei bestimmt werden. Eine Bewertung der Klebeigenspannungen kann beim Fügen unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe auf der Grundlage des optischen Gangunterschiedes erfolgen. Bei den Untersuchungen werden die Parameter Klebstoff, Klebschichtdicke und Belichtungsintensität variiert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die signifikanten Veränderungen der Klebeigenspannungen durch die Herstellungsrandbedingungen.
In Verbundglas integrierte Lasteinleitungselemente und deren Tragverhalten
Authors: Puller Kerstin , Sobek Werner
Published: May 2012

Ein neu entwickeltes Zwischenschichtmaterial für Verbundglas (SentryGlas) ermöglicht einen innovativen Ansatz für Verbindungen im Glasbau, bei dem die Last über ein in die Verbundglaszwischenschicht integriertes Metallelement (Insert) eingeleitet wird. Am ILEK wurde das Tragverhalten einer Insertverbindung unter Zugbelastung bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen untersucht und eine Methode zur Berechnung der Spannungsverteilung innerhalb einer Insertverbindung entwickelt. Der folgende Artikel fasst die Ergebnisse der Versuche zum Tragverhalten der Verbindung zusammen, stellt das Vorgehen zur Berechnung der Spannungsverteilung vor und erläutert die auftretenden Spannungsverläufe innerhalb der Verbundpartner.
Strategien zur Fugenverlaufsoptimierung von Glasschalen
Authors: Fildhuth Thiemo , Lippert Sebastian , Knippers Jan
Published: May 2012

Ganzglasschalen aus doppelt gekrümmten Glasbauteilen sind aufgrund ihrer optischen und technischen Qualitäten und ihres Tragverhaltens geeignet für transparente, frei geformte Fassaden und Überdachungen. Die Umsetzung erfordert aufgrund der herstellbaren Bauteilgrößen Fugen, die einen großen Einfluss auf das Erscheinungsbild haben und meist eine statische Schwächung darstellen. Basierend auf Federmodellen der Fügung, werden durch rechnergestützte Optimierung gezielt Fügeverläufe beliebiger NURBS‐Flächen generiert.