bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Zinc-Dependent Cl−Current in Neuronal Somata
Authors: Tabata Toshihide , Ishida Andrew T.
Published: April 2018

Extracellular Zn2+modulates current passage through voltage- and neurotransmitter-gated ion channels, at concentrations less than, or near, those produced by release at certain synapses. Electrophysiological effects of cytoplasmic Zn2+are less well understood, and effects have been observed at concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than those found in resting and stimulated neurons. To examine whether and how neurons are affected by lower levels of cytoplasmic Zn2+, we tested the effect of Zn2+-selective chelators, Zn2+-preferring ionophores, and exogenous Zn2+on neuronal somata during whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We report here that cytoplasmic zinc facilitates the downward regulation of a background Cl−conductance by an endogenous protein kinase C (PKC) in fish retinal ganglion cell somata and that this regulation is maintained if nanomolar levels of free Zn2+are available. This regulation has not been described previously in any tissue, as other Cl−currents have been described as reduced by PKC alone, reduced by Zn2+alone, or reduced by both independently. Moreover, control of cation currents by a zinc-dependent PKC has not been reported previously. The regulation we have observed thus provides the first electrophysiological measurements consistent with biochemical measurements of zinc-dependent PKC activity in other systems. These results suggest that contributions of background Cl−conductances to electrical properties of neurons are susceptible to modulation.
Direct Androgenic Regulation of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in Motoneurons of Rats with Mosaic Androgen Insensitivity
Authors: Monks Douglas A. , Vanston Claire M. , Watson Neil V.
Published: April 2018

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and its target muscles, bulbocavernosus and levator ani (BC/LA), form a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular circuit whose development and maintenance are androgen-dependent. The mechanisms whereby androgen regulates gene expression in the SNB of adult rats are largely unknown, although a retrograde influence from the BC/LA muscles has been suggested to underlie the suppression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression observed in SNB motoneurons after systemic androgen treatment. A mosaic paradigm was used to determine the site of action of androgen in the regulation of CGRP expression in SNB motoneurons. As a consequence of random X chromosome inactivation, androgenized female rats heterozygous for thetfmandrogen receptor (AR) mutation (XwtXtfm-mosaics) express a mosaic of androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive motoneurons in the SNB, whereas the BC/LA target musculature appears to be uniformly sensitive to androgens. In adult mosaics, testosterone administration resulted in a reduction in the proportion of androgen-sensitive cells expressing CGRP, whereas no such reduction was observed in the androgen-insensitive population, indicating that neuronal AR plays an essential role in the neuromuscular regulation of CGRP expression in these motoneurons. This provides the firstin vivodemonstration of AR regulation of gene expression unambiguously localized to a neuronal population.
Contributions of Residual Calcium to Fast Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Chen Chinfei , Regehr Wade G.
Published: April 2018

Fast neurotransmitter release is driven by high calcium (10–100 μm) near open channels (Calocal), followed by a much smaller (<1 μm), longer-lasting residual calcium (Cares). The most prominent component of release, phasic release, lasts several milliseconds and is thought to be triggered by Calocal. A transient tail of release then continues over the next 20 msec at 1–10% of peak rates. This transient component of release, which we refer to as TR, is poorly understood, and there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of Calocaland Caresin its generation. We used optical methods to monitor Caresand whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings to study TR at synapses between granule cells and stellate cells in rat cerebellar slices. After stimulation the probability of release is elevated greatly, peaking at 500 μsec and then slowly declining to prestimulus levels after tens of milliseconds. After speeding the decay of Careslevels with EGTA, release is confined to a 3 msec interval, and TR is eliminated. Thus, we find that Caresaccounts for a transient tail of release on the millisecond time scale that helps to shape the average synaptic current and accounts for at least 20% of the synaptic charge in the 20 msec interval after stimulation. Cares-dependent TR is likely to contribute significantly to fast synaptic transmission under physiological conditions, particularly during high-frequency bursts that elevate Cares.
Identification of Amino Acid Residues within GABAAReceptor β Subunits that Mediate Both Homomeric and Heteromeric Receptor Expression
Authors: Taylor Pamela M. , Thomas Philip , Gorrie George H. , Connolly Christopher N. , Smart Trevor G. , Moss Stephen J.
Published: April 2018

GABAAreceptors are believed to be heteropentamers that can be constructed from six subunit classes: α(1–6), β(1–4), γ(1–3), δ, ε, and π. Given that individual neurons often express multiple receptor subunits, it is important to understand how these receptors assemble. To determine which domains of receptor subunits control assembly, we have exploited the differing capabilities of the β2 and β3 subunits to form functional cell surface homomeric receptors. Using a chimeric approach, we have identified four amino acids in the N-terminal domain of the β3 subunit that mediate functional cell surface expression of this subunit compared with β2, which is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Substitution of these four amino acids—glycine 171, lysine 173, glutamate 179, and arginine 180—into the β2 subunit was sufficient to enable the β2 subunit to homo-oligomerize. The effect of this putative “assembly signal” on the production of heteromeric receptors composed of αβ and βγ subunits was also analyzed. This signal was not critical for the formation of receptors composed of either α1β2 or α1β3 subunits, suggesting that mutation of these residues did not disrupt subunit folding. However, this signal was important in the formation of βγ2 receptors. These residues did not seem to affect the initial association of β2 and γ2 subunits but appeared to be important for the subsequent production of functional receptors. Our studies identify, for the first time, key residues within the N-terminal domains of receptor β subunits that mediate the selective assembly of GABAAreceptors.
Isolectin B4-Positive and -Negative Nociceptors Are Functionally Distinct
Authors: Stucky Cheryl L. , Lewin Gary R.
Published: April 2018

Small-diameter sensory neurons that are primarily nociceptors can be divided neurochemically into two populations: isolectin B4(IB4)-positive nonpeptidergic neurons, and IB4-negative peptidergic neurons. It has been shown that IB4-positive neurons depend on glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), whereas IB4-negative neurons depend on NGF for survival during postnatal development (Molliver et al., 1997). Furthermore, these two populations of nociceptors terminate in distinct regions of the superficial spinal cord. To date, however, no evidence exists that indicates whether these two groups of nociceptors have distinct functional roles in the process of nociception (Snider and McMahon, 1998). To search for functional differences, we performed whole-cell voltage and current-clamp recordings on acutely isolated adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons that were labeled with fluorescent IB4. We found that IB4-positive neurons have longer-duration action potentials, higher densities of TTX-resistant sodium currents, and smaller noxious heat-activated currents than IB4-negative neurons. Furthermore, we show that NGF, but not GDNF, directly increases the number of neurons that respond to noxious heat. The different electrophysiological properties expressed by IB4-positive and -negative small neurons, including their different heat sensitivities, indicates that they may relay distinct aspects of noxious stimuli both acutely and after injuryin vivo.
Monoamine Control of the Pacemaker Kernel and Cycle Frequency in the Lobster Pyloric Network
Authors: Ayali Amir , Harris-Warrick Ronald M.
Published: April 2018

The monoamines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and octopamine (Oct) can each sculpt a unique motor pattern from the pyloric network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobsterPanulirus interruptus.In this paper we investigate the contribution of individual network components in determining the specific amine-induced cycle frequency. We used photoinactivation of identified neurons and pharmacological blockade of synapses to isolate the anterior burster (AB) and pyloric dilator (PD) neurons. Bath application of DA, 5HT, or Oct enhanced cycle frequency in an isolated AB neuron, with DA generating the most rapid oscillations and Oct the slowest. When an AB–PD or AB–2xPD subnetworks were tested, DA often reduced the ongoing cycle frequency, whereas 5HT and Oct both evoked similar accelerations in cycle frequency. However, in the intact pyloric network, both DA and Oct either reduced or did not alter the cycle frequency, whereas 5HT continued to enhance the cycle frequency as before. Our results show that the major target of 5HT in altering the pyloric cycle frequency is the AB neuron, whereas DA’s effects on the AB–2xPD subnetwork are critical in understanding its modulation of the cycle frequency. Octopamine’s effects on cycle frequency require an understanding of its modulation of the feedback inhibition to the AB–PD group from the lateral pyloric neuron, which constrains the pacemaker group to oscillate more slowly than it would alone. We have thus demonstrated that the relative importance of the different network components in determining the final cycle frequency is not fixed but can vary under different modulatory conditions.
Identification and Characterization of Glucoresponsive Neurons in the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Liu Min-tsai , Seino Susumu , Kirchgessner Annette L.
Published: April 2018

We tested the hypothesis that a subset of enteric neurons is glucoresponsive and expresses ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels. The immunoreactivities of the inwardly rectifying K+channel 6.2 (Kir6.2) and the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), now renamed SUR1, subunits of pancreatic β-cell KATPchannels, were detected on cholinergic neurons in the guinea pig ileum, many of which were identified as sensory by their costorage of substance P and/or calbindin. Glucoresponsive neurons were distinguished in the myenteric plexus because of the hyperpolarization and decrease in membrane input resistance that were observed in response to removal of extracellular glucose. The effects of no-glucose were reversed on the reintroduction of glucose or by the KATPchannel inhibitor tolbutamide. No reversal of the hyperpolarization was observed whend- mannoheptulose, a hexokinase inhibitor, was present on the reintroduction of glucose. Application of the KATPchannel opener diazoxide or the ob gene product leptin mimicked the effect of glucose removal in a reversible manner; moreover, hyperpolarizations evoked by either agent were inhibited by tolbutamide. Glucoresponsive neurons displayed leptin receptor immunoreactivity, which was widespread in both enteric plexuses. Superfusion of diazoxide inhibited fast synaptic activity in myenteric neurons, via activation of presynaptic KATPchannels. Diazoxide also produced a decrease in colonic motility. These experiments demonstrate for the first time the presence of glucoresponsive neurons in the gut. We propose that the glucose-induced excitation of these neurons be mediated by inhibition of KATPchannels. The results support the idea that enteric KATPchannels play a role in glucose-evoked reflexes.
Dynamics of Tubulovesicular Recycling Endosomes in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Prekeris Rytis , Foletti Davide L. , Scheller Richard H.
Published: April 2018

Neurons are polarized cells, the activity of which relies on the morphological and functional differences between their axonal and somatodendritic domains. One mechanism for establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity is via the selective targeting of proteins to these domains. The endocytic pathway plays a major role in the generation and maintenance of cellular polarity by selectively sorting and recycling endocytosed plasma membrane proteins. In this study we first show that endogenous syntaxin 13 localizes to tubulovesicular organelles that are present in the somatodendritic and axonal domains of neurons. These organelles contain and actively recycle transferrin receptor and are sensitive to brefeldin A, suggesting that they are analogous to the tubulovesicular recycling endosomes in non-neuronal cells. We next use a syntaxin 13–GFP fusion protein transiently expressed in hippocampal neurons, together with time-lapse microscopy, to study the dynamics of the endosomal system in neurons. The analysis revealed the presence of two distinct classes of syntaxin 13-labeled endosomes: round–oval stationary organelles and highly mobile tubulovesicular structures. The dynamic population of tubulovesicular endosomes travels in both directions along microtubules in dendrites and axons. The mobile organelles appear to fuse with and bud from the stationary endosomes, possibly as a means of delivering and picking up their cargo.
Biphasic Modulation of Hippocampal Plasticity by Behavioral Stress and Basolateral Amygdala Stimulation in the Rat
Authors: Akirav Irit , Richter-Levin Gal
Published: April 2018

Explicit memory may depend on the hippocampus, whereas the amygdala may be part of an emotional memory system. Priming stimulation of the basolateral group of the amygdala (BLA) resulted in an enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) to perforant path (PP) stimulation 30, 90, 150, and 180 min after high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Exposure of rats to a behavioral stress is reported to inhibit DG LTP. Because the amygdala is thought to mediate emotional responses, we examined the apparent discrepancy between the effects of behavioral stress induced 1 hr before HFS to the PP and of amygdala priming on hippocampal plasticity by stimulating the BLA 1 hr before HFS to the PP. The two delayed protocols inhibited the expression of LTP to PP stimulation, whereas priming the BLA immediately before HFS to the PP enhanced DG LTP. Moreover, exposure to the behavioral stress blocked the enhancing effects of BLA priming on LTP. We propose that the activation of the BLA (either by behavioral stress or by direct electrical stimulation) has a biphasic effect on hippocampal plasticity: an immediate excitatory effect and a longer-lasting inhibitory effect.
Kinematics and Modeling of Leech Crawling: Evidence for an Oscillatory Behavior Produced by Propagating Waves of Excitation
Authors: Cacciatore Timothy W. , Rozenshteyn Roman , Kristan William B.
Published: April 2018

Many well characterized central pattern generators (CPGs) underlie behaviors (e.g., swimming, flight, heartbeat) that require regular rhythmicity and strict phase relationships. Here, we examine the organization of a CPG for leech crawling, a behavior whose success depends more on its flexibility than on its precise coordination. We examined the organization of this CPG by first characterizing the kinematics of crawling steps in normal and surgically manipulated animals, then by exploring its features in a simple neuronal model. The behavioral observations revealed the following. (1) Intersegmental coordination varied considerably with step duration, whereas the rates of elongation and contraction within individual segments were relatively constant. (2) Steps were generated in the absence of both head and tail brains, implying that midbody ganglia contain a CPG for step production. (3) Removal of sensory feedback did not affect step coordination or timing. (4) Imposed stretch greatly lengthened transitions between elongation and contraction, indicating that sensory pathways feed back onto the CPG. A simple model reproduced essential features of the observed kinematics. This model consisted of an oscillator that initiates propagating segmental waves of activity in excitatory neuronal chains, along with a parallel descending projection; together, these pathways could produce the observed intersegmental lags, coordination between phases, and step duration. We suggest that the proposed model is well suited to be modified on a step-by-step basis and that crawling may differ substantially from other described CPGs, such as that for swimming in segmented animals, where individual segments produce oscillations that are strongly phase-locked to one another.
Eighteen-Month-Old Fischer 344 Rats Fed a Spinach-Enriched Diet Show Improved Delay Classical Eyeblink Conditioning and Reduced Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) and TNFβ in the Cerebellum
Authors: Cartford M. Claire , Gemma Carmelina , Bickford Paula C.
Published: April 2018

Diets high in antioxidant properties are known to reverse some deficits in neuronal and cognitive function that occur in aging animals. Antioxidants are also known to reduce levels of proinflammatory factors in the CNS. We report here that 6 weeks of a spinach-enriched diet ameliorates deficits in cerebellar-dependent delay classical eyeblink learning and reduces the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNFβ in the cerebelli of eyeblink-trained animals. Eighteen-month-old Fischer 344 rats were given spinach-enriched lab chow or regular lab chow for 6 weeks. The rats were then given 6 d of 30 trials per day training using a 3 kHz tone conditioned stimulus and airpuff unconditioned stimulus. Rats were killed 3 weeks after eyeblink training. Cytokine expression was measured using RNase protection assay analysis in the eyeblink-trained animals and in a group of young control animals given regular lab chow diet. Old animals on the spinach-enriched lab chow diet learned delay eyeblink conditioning significantly faster than old animals on the regular diet. Cerebelli from older animals on the spinach-enriched diet had significantly less TNFα and TNFβ than cerebelli from older animals on the control diet.
Neurofilament TransportIn VivoMinimally Requires Hetero-Oligomer Formation
Authors: Yuan Aidong , Rao Mala V. , Kumar Asok , Julien Jean-Pierre , Nixon Ralph A.
Published: April 2018

Neurofilament assembly requires at minimum the polymerization of neurofilament light chain (NF-L) with either neurofilament medium chain (NF-M) or neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) subunits, but requirements for their axonal transport have long been controversial. Using a gene deletion approach, we generated mice containing only NF-L or NF-M.In vivopulse radiolabeling analyses in retinal ganglion cell neurons revealed that NF-L alone is incapable of efficient transport, whereas nearly one-half of the normal level of NF-M is transported along optic axons in the absence of the other triplet subunits. Under these conditions, however, NF-M transport is completely abolished by deleting α-internexin. Our results strongly suggest that efficient neurofilament protein transportin vivominimally requires hetero-oligomer formation. They also show that NF-M can partner with intermediate filament proteins other than the NF-H and NF-L subunits in neurons to support slow transport and possibly other functions of neuronal intermediate filaments.
A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai szerepe és expressziós mintázata praeeclampsiában
Authors: Biró Orsolya , Rigó Jr. János
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality that affects 3–8% of pregnancies worldwide. Its main symptoms include new onset of high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The cause of the disease is still debated. microRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal part in the posttranscriptional regulation of eukaryotic genes. They are involved in fine-tuning of vital physiological processes such as cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation and cell death. In genomic studies, hundreds of microRNAs were detected in the placenta, which are supposed to regulate placental development and contribute to uncomplicated pregnancy. Several studies have reported changes in the expression of microRNAs in pregnancy. Abnormal microRNA expression may have a role in the development of preeclampsia as it affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the trophoblast cells, spiral artery remodeling, and angiogenesis. Some placental microRNAs (e.g., the C19MC microRNA cluster) are able to reach the maternal circulation through their release via exosomes from the trophoblast layer. These ‘circulating’ microRNA molecules can be applied as biomarkers for the detection of various placental disorders owing to their stability and specificity. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(14): 547–556.
Participants’ experiences of a mixed-ability yoga series
Authors: Bevis Alexandra , Waterworth Kate , Mudge Suzie
Published: April 2018

The practice of yoga encourages individuals to work within their own bodies to bring balance and health to the mind, body and spirit, providing relief for symptoms of chronic conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals participating in a series of mixed-ability yoga classes. Barriers and facilitators to their participation were also explored. Seven participants were recruited from the mixed physical and mental ability yoga classes. Semi–structured interviews were used to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and develop themes. Prominent themes were  Engagement Partnerships, Physical Activity Beliefs, Supported Participation and Concepts of Disability. These themes provided insight into the experiences of participants and the facilitators and barriers that influenced their participation. Additionally, themes were supported by literature on group cohesion and self-efficacy that highlight the potential for change to group exercise classes with cross over into rehabilitation classes. The importance of appropriate adaptation through skilled instructors was key to the success of the mixed-ability yoga series, as was the promotion of inclusion and understanding of perceptions of disability. Participants experienced health benefits from the mixed-ability yoga class. The fundamental concepts of the class can be applied in physiotherapy practice to promote physical activity for all.
EXPANSION OF OBJECTIVES OF THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL AUDIT AT RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: A. M. Okorokov  , M. O. Bulakh
Published: April 2018

Purpose. The work is aimed to study, compare and summarize information on the current state and peculiarities of conducting technical audit in various branches of business in order to obtain the possibility of developing proposals for expanding the objectives of this procedure in railway enterprises. Methodology. In the course of the research there were used the methods of analysis and synthesis to study the content and basic provisions of scientific publications, normative legal acts of Ukraine, and other data on conducting technical audit in the field of industry, construction, gas extraction, electricity, marine and rail transport, followed by their comparison and generalization. Findings. Taking into account the positive experience of the audit carrying out in other sectors the article expands the goals of practical application of technical audit in railway transport enterprises. This envisages assessment of the current technical condition and the residual life of exploited vehicles and equipment of PJSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". As a result, there is an opportunity to detect and activate the reserves for improving the efficiency of railway transport enterprises, estimating and forecasting the costs for repair cycles and modernization, as well as for increasing the train safety level and improving investment attractiveness of the industry. Originality. The obtained results make it possible to broaden the concept of "technical audit" in railway transport, to define the purpose of its carrying out and the list of tasks. Application of the extended technical audit will provide an opportunity to receive objective information on the actual technical condition of the objects of the railway infrastructure, means of transport and equipment, and to use it for the formation of development programs as individual enterprises and the railway as a whole. Practical value. Expanding the goals of practical application of the technical audit at railway enterprises will increase the revenue part by identifying unused reserves, modernizing and obtaining investment, as well as reducing the expenditure part by minimizing the costs of eliminating the consequences of transport events, which is the cause of untimely identified technical risks.
IMPROVEMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF TRAIN DYNAMICS
Authors: Ursulyak L. V. , Shvets A. O.
Published: April 2018

Purpose. Using scientific publications the paper analyzes the mathematical models developed in Ukraine, CIS countries and abroad for theoretical studies of train dynamics and also shows the urgency of their further improvement. Methodology. Information base of the research was official full-text and abstract databases, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, professional periodicals, materials of scientific and practical conferences, methodological materials of ministries and departments. Analysis of publications on existing mathematical models used to solve a wide range of problems associated with the train dynamics study shows the expediency of their application. Findings. The results of these studies were used in: 1) design of new types of draft gears and air distributors; 2) development of methods for controlling the movement of conventional and connected trains; 3) creation of appropriate process flow diagrams; 4) development of energy-saving methods of train driving; 5) revision of the Construction Codes and Regulations (SNiP ΙΙ-39.76); 6) when selecting the parameters of the autonomous automatic control system, created in DNURT, for an auxiliary locomotive that is part of a connected train; 7) when creating computer simulators for the training of locomotive drivers; 8) assessment of the vehicle dynamic indices characterizing traffic safety. Scientists around the world conduct numerical experiments related to estimation of train dynamics using mathematical models that need to be constantly improved. Originality. The authors presented the main theoretical postulates that allowed them to develop the existing mathematical models for solving problems related to the train dynamics. The analysis of scientific articles published in Ukraine, CIS countries and abroad allows us to determine the most relevant areas of application of mathematical models. Practicalvalue. The practical value of the results obtained lies in the scientific validity and applied orientation of theoretical studies using mathematical models, the improvement of which will expand the range of problems to be solved, and increase the level of reliability of the results obtained.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SPINE BEAM OF FREIGHT CARS
Authors: L. O. Neduzha  , A. O. Shvets
Published: April 2018

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the strength properties of rolling stock; search for design tools, modeling, selection, justification of the service life extension of freight cars and their elements. Methodology. The article is based on the finite element method (FEM). It makes possible to completely automate the calculation of mechanical systems, although, as a rule, it requires a much larger number of computational operations than the classical methods of mechanics. The modern level of development of computer technology opens wide opportunities for the introduction of FEM into engineering practice. FEM is implemented in many well-known and widely distributed software products that provide strength analysis of models of machines, mechanisms, structures, including the rolling stock of railways. Findings. The article presents an analysis of the theoretical and experimental studies of the strength properties of rolling stock elements on the example of the spine beam of freight cars; calculations were performed using a modern application program package. The presented example of use of the offered approach has shown its operation capacity and efficiency, as well as correctness of the research direction. The offered approach can be used when solving similar optimization tasks in research and developmental practice of transport mechanical engineering. Originality. The authors proposed me-thod of determining the reliability indicators and solving scientific and applied problem of calculating the elements of freight cars, taking into account the operation features and the loading mode impact. This allows determining their durability at the design stage. There were developed and investigated the models of the spine beam of a freight car, on the basis of which the dependences characterizing the stress-strain state of its elements were obtained. Scientifically substantiated results of the evaluation of strength properties of spine beams of freight cars were obtained depending on their design. The aspects related to the current state and development prospects of railway transport, the use of the software complex in the design and calculation of rolling stock in the railway industry are considered. Practical value. The theoretical and experimental studies of the strength properties of rolling stock elements were considered on the example of a spine beam in a freight car. Calculations were performed using a modern software package. The application of these results will contribute to increase the safety of freight cars and improve the technical and economic performance of railway transport.
Antalya ili doğal florasından toplanan bazı yonca genotiplerinin yaprak kopma dirençlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖTEN Mehmet , KABAŞ Önder , KİREMİTÇİ Semiha
Published: April 2018

Yoncada kaba yem üretiminde büyük kayıplara
sebep olan yaprak kırılmalarının minimize edilmesi için, genotipler arasında
yaprak kopma direnci açısından bir farklılık olup olmadığını tespit etmek
amacıyla yapılan çalışma, 2016 yılında Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma
Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nde yürütülmüştür. Denemede 40 farklı
lokasyondan toplanan yonca genotiplerine ait ana saplar üzerinde, uçtan 4.
yapraklar yeşilken ve kurutulduktan sonra yaprak kopma direnci, tekstüre analiz
cihazı kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca yaprak sapı kalınlığı, sap kesit alanı,
yeşil ve kuru örnekte kopma enerjisi ile yeşil ve kuru örnekte kopma gerilmesi
değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Deneme sonucunda kuru örnekte en yüksek kopma direnci
Demre-1, Döşemealtı-2 ve Konyaaltı-2, en düşük ise Alanya-1, Alanya-2,
Finike-1, Finike-2, Manavgat-1 Manavgat-2 ve Gazipaşa-2 genotiplerinde tespit
edilmiştir. Kuru örnekte en yüksek kopma direnci değeri 1.0419 N ölçülürken, en
düşük 1.0022 N ölçülmüştür. İncelenen özellikler açısından genotipler arasında
geniş bir varyasyon tespit edilmiş olup, kopma direncinin seçim kriteri olarak
kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
Influence of L1 Properties and Proficiency on the Acquisition of Gender Agreement
Authors: Paquet Pierre-Luc
Published: April 2018

This research investigates the influence of L1 properties and proficiency level on the acquisition of the Spanish gender agreement system. French and English-speaking learners of Spanish participated in the study. Subjects were divided into four different groups considering their L1 (French and English) and their proficiency level (intermediate and advanced). Subjects completed three different tasks: an untimed grammaticality judgment (UGJT) to measure learners’ explicit knowledge, an elicited oral imitation (EOI) and an eye-tracking to assess their implicit knowledge of the Spanish gender agreement system. From this multi-tiered methodology, this research project aimed to examine whether L1 properties and proficiency level influence learners’ explicit and implicit knowledge of the Spanish gender agreement. The results from the UGJT suggest that both French and English learners can notice noun-adjective discord. As for the EOI and eye-tracking tasks, only the French advanced learners clearly demonstrated integrated implicit knowledge of gender agreement. Therefore, based on these results, we can imply that implicit knowledge of gender agreement is acquired later and that L1 properties influence this whole process, even at an advanced proficiency level.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS FOOD SECURITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sannikov Dmitry Vasilievich
Published: April 2018

The article considers theoretical and practical problems of food security development in the Russian Federation. The concept of improving the methodology for assessing the level of food security is proposed.
Significance of abdominal manifestations in dengue fever
Authors: Reddy R. Jaya Prakash , Reddy P. Vijaya Narasimha
Published: April 2018

Background: Dengue Fever is an Infectious condition caused by flavo virus. It is an epidemic since 4 years and its prevalence is increased in the recent years in India. The increase in India is due to rapid urbanization, population growth, increased international travel and global warming. But dengue fever is now being reported from rural backgrounds due to poor sanitation and stagnant water sources.Methods: This is an institutional cross sectional study in which we took patients presenting with fever and various other complaints related to viral fevers for 9months from 2016 June to March 2017 at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Ongole. In this study we included patients who are NS1 Ag positive and dengue ELISA positive only. We excluded whose NS1 Ag test positive but their dengue IgM ELISA report is negative.Results: In this study we have included 94 patients of all age groups who are diagnosed with dengue fever. Next in the list are nausea/vomiting (43.6%) and diarrhea (40.4%) respectively. We highlighted this in conclusion to consider abdominal manifestations association while evaluating pyrexia patients.Conclusions: As usually fluid management and regular monitoring is the main role in the management of dengue cases than platelet or blood transfusions and antibiotics. We concluded that there is significant association between abdominal manifestations and dengue fever. So abdominal manifestations should be considered while evaluating pyrexia patients to rule out dengue association in those patients and prognosis of dengue fever.
Changes in Serum Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Transferrin Saturation Percent in Sudanese Females Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer at Khartoum Oncology Hospital: A case- control study
Authors: Mustafa Rufaida Mustafa Ahmed , Husain Nazik Elmalaika Obaid Seid Ahmed
Published: April 2018

Background:Iron is a vital constituent of cells but in excess may be harmful and is associated with a raised risk for some malignant diseases including breast cancer. We aimed to study changes in iron profile in Sudanese females newly diagnosed with breast cancer.Methods: A case- control study in which serum iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation percent were measured for fifty females with breast cancer referred to Khartoum Oncology Hospital and seventy apparently healthy females, using manual method (IRON-FERROZINE).  Results: Mean age was 47years and 42years in cases and control, respectively and the mean of parity was 4 in both groups. Mean of serum iron ±SD in case group was 244.30 ± 151.598(µg/dL)and in control group was 57.59 ± 43.191(µg/dL) (P. value = 0.000). Mean of TIBC ±SD in cases was 412.98 ± 177.460(µg/dL)and in controls it was 403.71 ± 168.765(µg/dL) (P.value = 0.838). The mean of transferrin saturation percent ± SD in cases was 61.08 % ±41.523 and in controls was 223.23 % ±149.195 (P.value=0.000). The mean of TIBC in grade I 343.00(µg/dL), 467.10(µg/dL) in grade II and 321.25(µg/dL) in grade III (P.value 0.019).Conclusion: There is a statistically significant increase in the mean of serum iron and decrease in transferrin saturation percent in women with breast cancer. TIBC vary significantly according to histopathological grade. Serum iron and transferrin saturation percent may be helpful as biochemical risk markers for breast cancer and TIBC may act as a predictor of disease grade.
Evaluation of Recombinant Inbreed Lines (RIL) population of upland rice under stress and non stress conditions for grain yield and drought tolerance
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kumar A. , Mandal N. P.
Published: April 2018

Drought is the major abiotic factor that limit rice productivity in rainfed and upland occuring ecosystems; worldwide, it reduces yield by 15–50 % depending on the stress impact on crop growth period. Stress period more than 7-14 days reduction is observed in all the parameters i.e. average plant height 12.9-29.5%, panicle number 41.6-65.4%, yield of inbred lines 17.34 -86.04% followed by an average of overall 44.86% over non stress condition. Similarly it was found that biomass, harvest index, filled grain per panicle, total grain per panicle, fertility % and so on were reduced under stress condition in comparison to congenial condition.Variation in drought susceptibility index (DSI) and drought resistant index (DRI) in the inbred lines ranges 1.081 to 2.116 and 0.04 to 2.80 respectively. Significant variations observed in the population for different agronomical traits and derived indices would facilitate selection of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with drought tolerance and high yielding.
Management of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) diseases through nutrient supplements
Authors: Jadon K. S. , Thirumalaisamy P. P. , Koradia V. G. , Padavi R. D.
Published: April 2018

Crop responses to mineral nutrients may be conducive or adverse to diseases, depending on disease type, severity, crop species, and cultivars. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to measure the effect of nutrient doses on to peanut diseases. The treatments were quite effective to manage the peanut diseases in kharif (Kh) as well as in rabi-summer (RS). All the treatments, applied however significantly reduced the soil borne as well as foliar fungal disease in comparison to control (without any external supply of nutrients). In kharif severity of ELS, LLS and Rust was (6.9) (4.4) and (6.2), respectively while it was highest in control (T7) and the per cent disease incidence of soil borne disease viz. aflaroot, collar rot and stem rot observed (2.5, 3.9 and 13.2 respectively) in T1 while it was (4.5, 5.7 and 16.8 respectively) in control (T7). In rabi stem rot incidence (21.3%) was recorded in control while it was lowest (9.7%) in the treatment T3 (25:50:0 NPK + 500 kg gypsum ha-1 + 2.5 kg zinc ha-1). The pod and haulm yield was recorded for effectiveness of different treatment on yield and found that the treatment T1 (25:50:0 NPK + 500 kg Gypsum+ 2.5 kg zinc+ 1 kg Boron) significantly increased the yield up to 40.5%. In both season T1 (25:50:0 NPK + 500 kg Gypsum+ 2.5 kg zinc + 1 kg Boron) reduces the disease severity significantly.
Divergence analysis of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) for grain yield and yield components
Authors: Shamim M. Z. , Pandey Anjana
Published: April 2018

Thirty-two black gram genotypes were evaluated using twelve quantitative and fifteen qualitative traits at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, India to determine genetic divergence using important yield and yield contributing traits. The number of pods plant-1, peduncle length, harvest index and biomass yield plant-1 are important traits affecting grain yield response in black gram. The quantitative traits like; pod length, number of pods plant-1, 100-grain weight as well as qualitative traits like; stem pubescence, leaf pubescence, pod pubescence, pre mature pod colour and plant growth habit which have major contribution in the genetic divergence of black gram. The number of pods plant-1 is most important grain yield contributing and genetic divergence developing traits. The genotypes were classified into six clusters based on Euclidean distance. The genotypes belonging to cluster I, II and III were highly diverse than genotypes lies in cluster IV, V and VI. The genotypes IPU 99-176, UH 82-51, GE 154, IPU 99-3 and NG 2119 had good potential to develop high yielding transgressive segregants. The wide genetic diversity is present in black gram. The present study will be much helpful for selection of the parental lines to develop good grain yield producing black gram cultivar in accordance with changing climate.
Effect of biofertilizer consortium on yield, quality and soil health of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Saikia Jamini , Saikia Luchon , Phookan Deepa Borbora , Nath Dhruba Jyoti
Published: April 2018

An experiment was carried out during 2014-2015 at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the effect of biofertilizer consortium on yield, quality and soil health of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: FYM 20 t/ha+ NPK @ 30:40:20 kg/ha (RDF), T2: Enriched compost @ 3 t/ha, T3: Enriched compost @ 3 t/ha + Consortium, T4: Vermicompost @ 3 t/ha, T5: Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T6: Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha+ Consortium and T7: Consortium (Rhizobium + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB). The performance of french bean was greatly influenced by different treatments. Application of recommended dose of fertilizer in T1 recorded significantly higher yield attributing characters viz., pod/plant (28.57), pod length (15.07 cm), pod girth (0.96cm), seed/pod (6.73), pod yield(11.27 t/ha) and harvest index (67.67%) respectively. Similarly, T1 also recorded minimum dry matter content (6.87%); crude fibre content (7.15%) and maximum crude protein content (22.63%). Among the organic treatments, T3 reflected the maximum for all the yield attributing characters which was closure with T1; while T4 recorded significantly maximum ascorbic acid content (11.67 mg 100g/FW). Further, T3 also recorded the best for soil parameters viz., bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), pH (5.33), P2O5 (47.40 kg/ha), microbial biomass carbon (630.33ìg/g/24h), dehydrogenase activity (711.50 ìg TPF/g/24h) and phosphomonoesterase activity (442.43ìg p-nitrophenol/g/h) respectively. T5 recorded highest organic carbon (0.68%); while T1 also revealed maximum N and K (220.56 and 119.31kg/ha) content.
Ekstrak Daun Rhizophora sp. Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae dan Edwarsiella tarda (RHIZOPHORA SP. LEAF EXTRACT INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus agalactiae AND Edwarsiella tarda)
Authors: Syawal Henni , Karnila Rahman , Dirta Angraika , Kurniawan Ronal
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to observe the inhibition capability of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract towards the Streptococcus agalactiae and Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. Rhizophora sp. leaf was extracted using ethanol. Inhibition action of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract towards Streptococcus agalactiae and Edwardsiella tarda was tested on TSA solid media. The concentration of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract used were 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000 ppm, and novobiocin antibiotic was used as a control. Each treatment was conducted three times. MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) was performed to determine the minimum dose that could inhibit the bacterial growth. The results showed that the inhibition value of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract at 2000 to 10000 ppm towards Streptococcus agalactiae was 8.60-16.30 mm, and 6.97-12.27 mm towards Edwardsiella tarda, whereas the inhibition value of novobiocin for both bacteria was 18.00-20.45 mm. The results of MIC value at dose of 2.000 ppm of Rhizophora sp. leaf extract was towards Streptococcus agalactiae with bacterial density of 165x108 CFU/mL, and towards Edwardsiella tarda 75x108 CFU/mL, respectively. In conclusion, Rhizophora sp. leaf extract had more bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) rather than the Gram-negative bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda).
INTERAÇÃO MORFODINÂMICA ENTRE PRAIA E DUNA FRONTAL NO DELTA DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL (RJ) A PARTIR DE UMA DÉCADA DE MONITORAMENTO
Authors: Rocha Thais Baptista , Machado Beatriz Abreu , Silva Jéssica Conceição da , Mello Gabriela da Silva , Pereira Thiago Gonçalves , Fernandez Guilherme Borges
Published: April 2018

O delta do Rio Paraíba do Sul destaca-se como área de ocorrência de dunas frontais associado ao aporte contínuo de sedimentos oriundos do rio e à presença de ventos constantes que sopram do mar para o continente. Recentemente, parte dessas dunas tem avançado sobre as edificações no distrito de Atafona, representando um risco à população local que já sofre com os efeitos da erosão costeira. Por outro lado, na praia de Grussaí, ao sul de Atafona, prevalece o processo de progradação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a interação entre os ambientes de praia e duna frontal no delta do rio Paraíba do Sul, considerando o comportamento da linha de costa durante uma década de monitoramento. Foram observadas diferenças morfológicas nas dunas frontais cuja dinâmica está relacionada aos diferentes comportamentos da linha de costa entre Atafona e Grussaí. Em Atafona foram estimadas taxas de até aproximadamente 3,2 m/ano de erosão; e em Grussaí, de até 3,0 m/ano de progradação. A erosão costeira em Atafona fez aumentar a disponibilidade de sedimento para ser retrabalhado pelo vento, o que propiciou o aumento significativo da altura das dunas, formação de cortes eólicos e migração em direção ao continente sob as edificações a uma taxa de até 3,0 m/ano. Em Grussaí, a progradação da praia propiciou o avanço da duna frontal em direção ao mar. Neste caso, houve um aumento da largura das dunas e manutenção da morfologia suave e de pouca elevação. Foram mapeados três setores de dunas costeiras: o setor de dunas transgressivas; o setor de dunas frontais com cortes eólicos; e o setor de cristas de dunas frontais. Conclui-se que a interação entre os ambientes de praia e duna frontal no delta do rio Paraíba do Sul, reflete mais sobre os distintos comportamentos de linha de costa, do que essencialmente sobre a morfodinâmica de praia.
El abordaje integral del paciente desnutrido
Authors: Botella Romero Francisco
Published: April 2018

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¿Qué se puede hacer para alcanzar la adherencia terapéutica a los suplementos nutricionales?
Authors: Urzola Castro Carmen
Published: April 2018

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