bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter- and intra-microcycle external load analysis in female professional soccer players: A playing position approach
Authors: Diaz-Seradilla Elba , Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandro , Rodríguez-Marroyo José Antonio , Castillo Daniel , Raya-González Javier , Villa Vicente José Gerardo
Published: March 2022

This study analyzes the inter- and intra-differences in external load across the microcycle in professional female soccer players. External load during four consecutive microcycles (i.e., M1, M2, M3, and M4) and training sessions (i.e., MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1) and a match day (i.e., MD) were registered in seventeen female professional soccer players (age: 26.3 ± 4.6 years; height: 166.3 ± 6.1 cm; body mass: 59.8 ± 6.8 kg; and body mass index: 21.6 ± 1.7 kg·m-2) who belonged to the same team in Spanish first division. A 10-Hz GPS that integrated a 100-Hz triaxial accelerometer was used to register external load. The results showed lower decelerations in M2 compared to M1 and M3 (p < 0.05), lower high-intensity distance (>16.0 km·h-1) in M3 vs. M2, and greater relative sprint distance (>21.0 km·min-1) in M4 vs. M1 and M3 (p < 0.05). MD-3 registered the highest load for all variables (p < 0.05). Forwards (FWs) performed (p < 0.05) significantly more sprints (meters and number > 21.0 km·h-1) than central midfielders (CMs) and central defenders (CDs) in MD-2 and MD. Both, fitness and conditioning staff should pay special attention to the external loads for each playing position in training sessions to optimize the training process.
The spatial variability of NDVI within a wheat field: Information content and implications for yield and grain protein monitoring
Authors: Stoy Paul C. , Khan Anam M. , Wipf Aaron , Silverman Nick , Powell Scott L.
Published: March 2022

Wheat is a staple crop that is critical for feeding a hungry and growing planet, but its nutritive value has declined as global temperatures have warmed. The price offered to producers depends not only on yield but also grain protein content (GPC), which are often negatively related at the field scale but can positively covary depending in part on management strategies, emphasizing the need to understand their variability within individual fields. We measured yield and GPC in a winter wheat field in Sun River, Montana, USA, and tested the ability of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements from an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) on spatial scales of ~10 cm and from Landsat on spatial scales of 30 m to predict them. Landsat observations were poorly related to yield and GPC measurements. A multiple linear model using information from four (three) UAV flyovers was selected as the most parsimonious and predicted 26% (40%) of the variability in wheat yield (GPC). We sought to understand the optimal spatial scale for interpreting UAV observations given that the ~ 10 cm pixels yielded more than 12 million measurements at far finer resolution than the 12 m scale of the harvester. The variance in NDVI observations was “averaged out” at larger pixel sizes but only ~ 20% of the total variance was averaged out at the spatial scale of the harvester on some measurement dates. Spatial averaging to the scale of the harvester also made little difference in the total information content of NDVI fit using Beta distributions as quantified using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Radially-averaged power spectra of UAV-measured NDVI revealed relatively steep power-law relationships with exponentially less variance at finer spatial scales. Results suggest that larger pixels can reasonably capture the information content of within-field NDVI, but the 30 m Landsat scale is too coarse to describe some of the key features of the field, which are consistent with topography, historic management practices, and edaphic variability. Future research should seek to determine an ‘optimum’ spatial scale for NDVI observations that minimizes effort (and therefore cost) while maintaining the ability of producers to make management decisions that positively impact wheat yield and GPC.
Methoxyfenozide tolerance in Chrysoperla carnea: Inheritance, dominance and preliminary detoxification mechanisms
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad Mudassir , Shad Sarfraz Ali
Published: March 2022

Lacewings exist in insecticide-dominant cropping systems. They are prime biological control agents due to outstanding ability of insecticide resistance development. This study examines occurrence of methoxyfenozide resistance and its subsequent effects on cross-resistance to other insecticides, inheritance and mechanism of resistance in C. carnea. Methoxy-SEL strain of C. carnea selected for 15 generations developed 3531.67-fold resistance to methoxyfenozide. Overlapping fiducial limits of LC50s of F1 and F1’ (reciprocal crosses) suggested an autosomal and incompletely dominant mode of inheritance. Resistance to methoxyfenozide was polygenic and its realized heritability value was high (h2 = 0.62). Both PBO and DEF significantly changed LC50s indicating cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and esterases detoxifying the resistance in Methoxy-SEL strain. Resistance to all tested insecticide was unstable but decrease rate was very negligible. These results have implications forpreservation of biological control and effective use in insecticide-dominant cropping systems.
Pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunocompromised patients in Germany: A retrospective cohort study to assess sequential vaccination rates and changes over time
Authors: Sprenger Ralf , Häckl Dennis , Kossack Nils , Schiffner-Rohe Julia , Wohlleben Jessica , von Eiff Christof
Published: March 2022

Background

Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended by the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) for infants, elderly 60+ years and patients at risk. In 2016, a sequential pneumococcal vaccination schedule (conjugate vaccine followed by polysaccharide vaccine 6–12 months later) supplemented this recommendation for immunocompromised patients ≥2 years of age. Previous research showed low pneumococcal vaccination rates (pnc-VR) in this vulnerable group. Moreover, no evidence is available on adherence to the newer sequential schedule. This study aimed to analyze the development of pnc-VRs in immunocompromised patients and rates of sequential vaccinations according to the STIKO recommendations.

Methods

Using a representative health claims database, we assigned incident immunocompromised patients ≥2 years of age to one of two successive cohorts to observe trends over time: cohort A (first diagnosis of immunocompromised condition between 01/2013 and 12/2014), and cohort B (first diagnosis between 01/ 2015 and 12/2017). Pnc-VR within two years after first diagnosis and cumulative pnc-VR was compared among both cohorts. In cohort B, we assessed sequential pnc-VR within 15 months of the first vaccination. For additional analyses, patients were stratified by age, gender and immunocompromising condition.

Results

Cohort A and B comprised 193,521 and 289,279 patients, respectively. Overall pnc-VR increased over time from 4.3% (cohort A; 95%-confidence interval: 4.3%-4.4%) to 6.0% (cohort B; 5.9%-6.1%), with highest pnc-VRs in men ≥60 years (11.3%: 11.1%-11.6%) and HIV patients (15.2%: 13.1%-17.4%). Cumulative pnc-VRs in cohort B were higher in any quarter following diagnosis when compared with cohort A. Overall sequential pnc-VR in cohort B was 4.0% (3.7%-4.3%), with a higher rate observed in patients aged 16–59 (6.8%: 6.0%-7.7%) vs. patients aged ≥60 years (3.1%: 2.8%-3.4%).

Conclusion

While some improvements were seen over time, pnc-VRs remain very low in immunocompromised patients, as did sequential vaccination rates. Current recommendations to protect immunocompromised patients from pneumococcal infections are not being sufficiently implemented.
Profilin is involved in G1 to S phase progression and mitotic spindle orientation during Leishmania donovani cell division cycle
Authors: Ambaru Bindu , Gangadharan Ganesh Muthu , Subramanya Hosahalli S. , Gupta Chhitar M.
Published: March 2022

Profilin is a multi-ligand binding protein, which is a key regulator of actin dynamics and involved in regulating several cellular functions. It is present in all eukaryotes, including trypanosomatids such as Leishmania. However, not much is known about its functions in these organisms. Our earlier studies have shown that Leishmania parasites express a single homologue of profilin (LdPfn) that binds actin, phosphoinositides and poly- L- proline motives, and depletion of its intracellular pool to 50%of normal levels affects the cell growth and intracellular trafficking. Here, we show, employing affinity pull-down and mass spectroscopy, that LdPfn interacted with a large number of proteins, including those involved in mRNA processing and protein translation initiation, such as eIF4A1. Further, we reveal, using mRNA Seq analysis, that depletion of LdPfn in Leishmania cells (LdPfn+/-) resulted in significantly reduced expression of genes which encode proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, mRNA translation initiation, nucleosides and amino acids transport. In addition, we show that in LdPfn+/- cells, cellular levels of eIF4A1 protein were significantly decreased, and during their cell division cycle, G1-to-S phase progression was delayed and orientation of mitotic spindle altered. These changes were, however, reversed to normal by episomal expression of GFP-LdPfn in LdPfn+/- cells. Taken together, our results indicate that profilin is involved in regulation of G1-to-S phase progression and mitotic spindle orientation in Leishmania cell cycle, perhaps through its interaction with elF4A1 protein.
A dual-process approach to cooperative decision-making under uncertainty
Authors: Costa Daniela , Arantes Joana , Keating José
Published: March 2022

Cooperative behaviors are typically investigated using social dilemmas inserted into scenarios with well-known characteristics. Nonetheless, in real life, group members may be uncertain about what others will decide (social uncertainty) and the characteristics of the dilemma itself (environmental uncertainty). Previous studies have shown that uncertainty reduces the willingness to cooperate. Dual-process approaches to cooperation have given rise to two different views. Some authors argue that deliberation is needed to overrule selfish motives, whereas others argue that intuition favors cooperation. In this work, our goal was to investigate the role of intuitive mental processing on cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma game involving uncertainty. Our results showed that participants cooperated less with their counterparts as the number of rounds progressed, suggesting a learning process and that intuitive mental processing in the first 50 rounds appears to favor cooperation under both deterministic and stochastic conditions. These results may help clarify the literature’s mixed effects regarding cognitive processing manipulation on cooperation. Developing a better understanding of these effects may improve strategies in social problems involving cooperation under uncertainty and cognitive constraints.
Fluid dynamic simulations at the interface of the blue-green sharpshooter functional foregut and grapevine xylem sap with implications for transmission of Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Marcus Ian M. , White Daniel , Backus Elaine A. , Walker Sharon L. , Roper M. Caroline
Published: March 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is a multi-continental, lethal, plant pathogenic bacterium that is transmitted by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and adult spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). The bacterium forms biofilms in plant xylem and the functional foregut of the insect. These biofilms serve as sources of inoculum for insect acquisition and subsequent inoculation to a healthy plant. In this study, 3D fluid dynamic simulations were performed for bidirectional cibarial propulsion of xylem sap through tube-like grapevine xylem and an anatomically accurate model of the functional foregut of the blue-green sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata. The analysis supports a model of how fluid dynamics influence X. fastidiosa transmission. The model supports the hypothesis that X. fastidiosa inoculation is mostly driven by detachment of bacteria from the foregut due to high-velocity flow during egestion (outward fluid flow from the stylets). Acquisition occurs by fluid dynamics during both egestion and ingestion (fluid uptake through the stylets and swallowing). These simulation results are supported by previously reported X. fastidiosa colonization patterns in the functional foregut and sharpshooter stylet probing behaviors. The model indicates that xylem vessel diameter influences drag forces imposed on xylem wall-adherent bacteria; thus, vessel diameter may be an important component of the complex transmission process. Results from this study are directly applicable to development of novel grapevine resistance traits via electropenetrographic monitoring of vector acquisition and inoculation behaviors.
Presenting research as a libretto
Authors: Fenton Melissa
Published: March 2022

This article details a data inscription method I have termed ethnomusical libretto. The method evolved from three years of ethnographic fieldwork examining the workplace culture and practice of the global musical theatre industry. Through the process of analysing and coding data, I began to explore the possibility of writing up my data as a libretto, as an effective way to both ‘show’ and ‘tell’ what I had seen and experienced as a participant/observer in the musical theatre industry. I also saw value for writing up ethnographic data as a libretto in order to employ it as a device for member checking. This method contributes to a thickening of data and provides not only an alternate way to conceive research findings but also an opportunity to refine and confirm research claims.
Encounters with ‘the same’ (but different): London Road and the politics of territories and repetitions in verbatim musical theatre
Authors: Zavros Demetris
Published: March 2022

Using Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of the ‘refrain’, the article investigates London Road as an example of a ‘minor’ practice in musical theatre, which engages with a tracing and play with ‘territories’ as well as several acts of deterritorialization and reterritorialization. These processes are examined both at the level of content (and the thematic considerations of ‘inclusion’ and ‘exclusion’ in the building of a community) and form. The performance introduces new relationships and functions between the components/means at the musical’s disposal and invites a different type of audience engagement (or ‘encounter’) by destabilizing fixed forms and categories like song/speech, lyric/book, diegetic/non-diegetic, audience/actors, auditorium/stage and ultimately reality/representation. This case study exemplifies how the hybrid form of the ‘verbatim musical’ has the potential to mutually deterritorialize both of the genres it brings in dialogue and allows for a new type of engagement with the politics of the musical in the twenty-first century.
Cultural Identity in British Musical Theatre, 1890–1939: Knowing One’s Place, Ben Macpherson (2018)
Authors: Everett William A.
Published: March 2022

Review of: Cultural Identity in British Musical Theatre, 1890–1939: Knowing One’s Place, Ben Macpherson (2018)

London: Palgrave Macmillan, 245 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-14759-806-6, h/bk £89.99
Estudos Linguísticos - Volume I: Linguística Histórica e História da Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Maia Clarinda de Azevedo
Published: March 2022

Organizado em duas secções, o livro põe em destaque as grandes linhas de investigação da Autora, por um lado, a Linguística Histórica e a História da Língua Portuguesa e, por outro, a Dialetologia, a Sociolinguística e a temática das Línguas em Contacto. Na primeira secção, figuram alguns artigos sobre questões gerais e um conjunto de textos teoricamente enquadrados que discutem alguns problemas metodológicos da Linguística Histórica, combinando essa perspetiva com a análise de alguns aspetos particulares da história da língua portuguesa, além de alguns estudos centrados em fenómenos concretos de mudança linguística ou em aspetos ‘externos’ da história linguística do português, estabelecendo-se, nalguns casos, comparações com outros domínios linguísticos peninsulares. Encontra-se reunido na segunda parte desta obra um conjunto de estudos sobre a variação dialetal do português, sobre a problemática das minorias linguísticas assim como sobre a temática das línguas em contacto, sendo contempladas, neste último âmbito, situações várias de contacto linguístico na Península Ibérica, junto à fronteira territorial, que envolvem de diferente modo o português.
Impacto del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje remoto de emergencia en la competencia digital y el estado de ánimo en la formación del profesorado
Authors: Gómez-Gómez Marta , Hijón-Neira Raquel , Santacruz-Valencia Liliana , Pérez-Marín Diana
Published: March 2022

La COVID-19 ha impactado en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje acentuando dificultades académicas y emocionales. El objetivo del estudio es analizar si durante la enseñanza y aprendizaje remoto de emergencia ha habido cambios significativos en el estado de ánimo y en la competencia digital de 89 profesores y 488 estudiantes de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria, y del Máster de formación del profesorado de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid), analizados desde su autopercepción. Bajo una metodología cuantitativa y un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, se ha medido su validez interna y de contenido por parte de expertos, analizándose aspectos como el estado de ánimo y el estrés antes y durante el confinamiento, registrándose un aumento significativo en los valores promedio. En ambos perfiles, las fuentes de estrés, ansiedad y carga de trabajo han aumentado significativamente, al mismo tiempo que han disminuido algunas capacidades cognitivas. La actitud y motivación hacia la modalidad completamente online ha disminuido en ambos casos, sobre todo en estudiantes, aunque la competencia digital de ambos ha aumentado. Como principal conclusión se resalta la importancia de conocer el impacto de factores académicos y no académicos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje online. Por ello, el estudio puede ser valioso para afrontar los posibles cambios hacia dicha modalidad en estos tiempos de incertidumbre teniendo en cuenta los factores analizados. También, es preciso ofrecer a la comunidad educativa formación pedagógico-digital junto a formación en gestión de emociones y afrontamiento positivo de dichos cambios.
Supporting Undergraduate Hispanic Students in Nutrition and Dietetics
Authors: Endinjok Frida , Augustin Frankline
Published: March 2022

In the United States, Hispanics are disproportionately affected by diet-related health issues. As part of improving health outcomes, it is important to have healthcare professionals—such as registered dietitians—from Hispanic backgrounds so that they can use their cultural
knowledge to improve the healthcare deliverables. Currently, more than 90% of registered dietitians are White females, with only 3.6% from Hispanic backgrounds. One reason might be that Hispanic college students face more challenges in obtaining their nutrition and dietetics education. This
study involved reviewing the literature to find programs that have focused on supporting Hispanic college students in order to diversify the healthcare workforce, especially in nutrition. Programs were found that provide academic support, mentorship, research opportunities, and scholarships
to encourage Hispanic college student success. Programs that support Hispanic college students in nutrition majors can help increase the diversity of nutrition professionals, who then can help reduce dietrelated health disparities.
Does Physical Fitness Relate to Comfort Shopping? Associations Between Exercise, Fitness, Distress, and Retail Therapy
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Ju
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study is to understand the relationship between retail therapy (RT) and college students' reasons for exercising, perceived physical fitness, and psychological distress. A total of 204 usable responses were collected from female college students, with an average age
of 20.69 years old. The effect of RT is significantly more positive for individuals who engage in exercise for appearance purposes and for individuals who experience psychological distress more frequently. However, the effect is negative for individuals who perceive their bodies as physically
fit. Fashion-oriented consumption should be understood in tandem with exercise and physical fitness for people who have psychological distress and a distorted body image.
Using Interagency Partnerships To Establish Neighbor-to-Neighbor Programming: Supporting Rural Mental Health
Authors: Franzen-Castle Lisa , Krehbiel Michelle , Elsen Kerry , Chasek Christine , Schwarz Carol
Published: March 2022

The mental health and well-being of rural communities in the United States is a growing and serious concern. Generally, suicide rates are higher and increase more rapidly in rural areas than in urban areas (Ringgenberg et al., 2017; Steelesmith et al., 2019). Studies suggest that isolation, limited socioeconomic opportunity, and sparse access to mental health care may contribute to higher suicide rates (Braun, 2019; Case & Deaton, 2015; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018; Hirsch & Cukrowicz, 2014; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration [SAMHSA], 2020a, 2020b). In a 2019 national sample of rural adults, 75% of respondents said it was important to reduce stigma regarding mental health in the agriculture community, and 45% reported personally experiencing more mental health challenges than they did 1 year ago (American Farm Bureau Federation [AFBF], 2019). According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, overall U.S. net cash farm income decreased 12% from 2008 to 2018; for Nebraska it decreased more than 30% (Lyons & Litkowski, 2019). Nebraska Extension, based in a rural county, observed a need to help those who might be experiencing stress, anxiety, or a feeling of being overwhelmed, which led to development of a task force on stress and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to describe this rural community's response to increasing awareness of, and support for, mental health and well-being.
La política pública de acceso a tierra de la agricultura familiar en Argentina. Devenir histórico de una cuestión persistente
Authors: Mosca Valeria Ana
Published: March 2022

A través de revisión y sistematización de bibliografía histórica especializada e información recolectada de medios de comunicación y entrevistas exploratorias, en este artículo buscamos identificar y analizar el surgimiento y devenir del acceso a tierra de la AF como ‘cuestión’ a lo largo de la historia argentina. En línea con nuestra perspectiva teórico analítica sobre la política pública, que se basa en el proceso social que se orquesta en torno a una “cuestión socialmente problematizada” nos propusimos este objetivo. Concluimos que se trata de una problemática cuyo origen se remonta a los momentos fundantes del Estado nación argentino y por ello realizamos un repaso histórico. En ese sentido afirmamos que es una cuestión históricamente problematizada por el sector de la agricultura familiar en Argentina.
Los sujetos activos del derecho de participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas
Authors: Hechavarria Prade Oscar
Published: March 2022

La participación en las políticas públicas, en las últimas tres décadas, ha venido ganando espacio como un derecho fundamental de los ciudadanos a intervenir en los asuntos públicos. Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia son ejemplo de países que han hecho un reconocimiento de este derecho en su magno texto. Sin embargo, la definición de sus elementos configurativos es un proceso aun en desarrollo. En este sentido, en lo relativo a los sujetos activos del derecho en estudio, subsisten contraposiciones teóricas que inciden en el ámbito normativo. En este contexto surgen importantes interrogantes: ¿son las personas naturales titulares de este derecho por el simple hecho de serlo o lo determinante es su condición de nacional de un Estado? ¿Los sujetos colectivos son titulares del derecho? Sin dudas, éstas son cuestiones polémicas en modo alguno resueltas y que surgen de la propia dinámica social a la que no está ajeno el Derecho.
Academic achievement in math and language of migrant and local students: The role of teachers' educational expectations and ethnic composition
Authors: Ayala M. Constanza
Published: March 2022

There is a vast literature in developed countries that has documented an ethnic gap in academic achievement, which favors local students. This evidence has discussed individual and structural factors. Despite this, there are still gaps that need to be addressed. This study seeks to deepen into the Latin American case and delve into the relationship between the educational expectations of teachers and the ethnic composition of the classrooms with the academic results of migrant and local students. Census data of fourth-grade students in Chile are used through standardized tests in mathematics and language and analyzed with multilevel models of four levels (students, classrooms, schools, and local authorities). The results suggest that children from ethnic minorities are at a disadvantaged compared to their national peers in mathematics, but not in language. The educational expectations of teachers have a positive relationship with academic achievement. The opposite happens with the percentage of migrant students in the classroom. Interaction analyses indicate that the association between teachers' educational expectations and academic achievement is moderated in part by the ethnic composition of the classroom. Finally, possible explanations for the observed findings and contributions to public policy are discussed.
Mídias e educação em direitos humanos: Novos tempos, novos desafios
Authors: Cordeiro Kelly Maia , Souza Izadora Martins da Silva de , Costa Renato Pontes
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo apresenta e analisa dados gerais e específicos de um levantamento realizado em quatro mídias de notícias sobre o tema direitos humanos (DH). A investigação pautou-se por princípios qualitativos e análise de conteúdo nos documentos encontrados nas plataformas jornalísticas: Brasil de Fato, O Dia, Folha de S. Paulo e Veja. No total, foram 112 notícias tabuladas no decorrer de sete semanas e organizadas em 12 temáticas e agrupadas em dois eixos: igualdade e diferença. Como resultado, o estudo mostrou que a pauta dos direitos humanos não é explicitamente abordada nas plataformas jornalísticas; a plataforma Brasil de Fato foi a única com uma aba específica para o tema; percebe-se a necessidade de compreensão da educação para as mídias como um dos “braços” fundamentais da educação em direitos humanos.
Comentário em Vídeo
What should a (neuro) logopaedic therapist know about feeding the youngest patients (0-3) with feeding disorders. Part i. Feeding (nutrition) – meaning, types, functions
Authors: Marciniak-Firadza Renata
Published: March 2022

Food intake is an essential element to maintain homeostasis of the body, and the way of feeding. Whereas the type of feeding in the neonatal and infancy stages influence on one side the health of children and teenagers, and next adults, and on the other side, the way of feeding newborns, infants and toddlers has great impact on the development of the orofacial area being a biomechanical base of articulation. Feeding is also a basic environmental factor having crucial influence on the development of a child’s brain. Not providing the child with all of the necessary elements and energetic needs in the prenatal stage and on the further stages of development, especially in infancy, can have a negative effect on the brain’s structural development (e.g., insufficient myelination of neurons), as well as interfere with its functions, for example, in terms of neurotransmitters. In this article, I will undertake selected aspects of feeding disorders understood as both giving food and providing food, as well as feeding the offspring with their own milk.
The influence of individual’s swallowing disorders on their functioning in the family and society. The importance of neurologopedic diagnostics. Preliminary research release
Authors: Zawichrowska Marta
Published: March 2022

During my neurologopedic work with patients, I often encounter problems with swallowing that coexist with other disorders associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. This article is an introductory report on the research on the impact of swallowing disorders on the functioning of individuals in the family and society. The described case study concerns a patient with additional health conditions, in whom swallowing disorders (dysphagia) are a consequence of damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS), more specifically cerebrovascular diseases. The article was written on the basis of medical documentation kept from the beginning of the disease, consultations with specialists, as well as an interview with the patient’s family. A key role was also played by neurologopedic diagnosis and subsequent research conducted during the therapy, which allowed for the proper selection of therapeutic agents, proved the efficiency of the therapy, both in the neurological and social sphere.
Acquired disability during foreign missions in male war veterans Case study report of wives’ voice
Authors: Borowska-Beszta Beata , Pakieła Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

The article is a qualitative research report written from the theoretical perspective of disability studies. Qualitative research, case study, carried out for the purposes of this article, concerns learning about disabilities acquired in husbands a war veterans by their wives. The place of research is military culture, while the aim is to understand the essence of what wives learned about the disability of their husbands during the entire process of adaptation to life with a disability after returning from a mission, against the background of life in military culture. The theoretical part of the article contains a review of world literature with an emphasis on defining acquired disability. The very phenomenon of acquiring disability by veterans during military missions and its background, i.e. the anthropological phenomenon of culture shock, were analyzed. The empirical part of this article is a qualitative report of 3 case studies and 3 voices of war veterans’ wives. The research question in this report was formulated as follows: What did the wives learn about the acquired disability of their own veterans’ husbands after their return from military missions abroad? Research results generated after coding and categorization analyzes (Gibbs, 2011) indicate categories that answer the main research question and sub-questions in the following contexts: (a) acquired disability, (b) military support, (c) veterans’ privileges (d) auto-marginalization of veterans (e) wives’ infirmity, (f) alcohol and domestic violence, (g) before suicide, (h) wives suggesting changes in the support of veterans with acquired disabilities. The results of the analyzes indicate that the wives learned about the symptoms and characteristics of their husbands’ disabilities (mental and physical) and, additionally, they learned about the secondary disability (auto-marginalization, alcohol or drug addiction, domestic violence, escalation of suicidal thoughts) during adaptation after military missions.
Dear Mother Victoria
Authors: Lilly Iwona
Published: March 2022

Motherhood is by many, especially women, one of the greatest experiences in life. The ultimate goal that women, if not all than many, should achieve. Nowadays, we are flooded with help books, websites, guides that lead us through pregnancy and then assist us during the first months of our new born baby. This blessed state seems to be cherished now above all, however, this view was not always the same. Throughout history we can see many women for whom maternity was not meant to be and still they were able to fulfil their life-time goals devoting themselves to other areas of life. For some, maternity was rather a political aspect that would secure the future of the nation. In my article I will focus on the aspect of motherhood through the eyes of Queen Victoria for whom, indeed, maternity was rather an unwelcomed addition to her royal life. I will discuss her own rigid upbringing which can help to understand her later attitude towards her own children. The trend, where there were no proper roles ascribed to parents in terms of their influence on their children, was predominant in the 19th century and based on this we can see how important it was for character creation
Editorial
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: March 2022

The first 2022 issue of Studies in Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching brings together five papers, all of which constitute reports of original empirical studies.
Potential sources of foreign language learning boredom: A Q methodology study
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Pawlak Mirosław , Elahi Shirvan Majid , Taherian Tahereh , Yazdanmehr Elham
Published: March 2022

The present study employed an interpretive approach to investigate individual learners’ viewpoints on foreign language learning boredom (FLLB). To this aim, a Q method, which shares features of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, was used to explore 37 Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ perceptions of potential sources of boredom in the classroom. Nonprobability purposeful sampling was used to select participants from two private language institutes in Mashhad, Iran. A hybrid-type Q sampling was employed to produce 40 statements related to the sources of FLLB. Using PQ Method, an exclusive statistical package for Q methodology, the Q sorts were intercorrelated and factor-analyzed. Three factors were extracted and rotated using varimax rotation and hand adjustment. Factor arrays and qualitative analyses were utilized to find and interpret three different accounts of FLLB. The three factors showed that the students held three divergent prototypical points of view about the sources of boredom experienced in EFL learning in class: (a) teacher-induced boredom, (b) student-induced boredom, and (c) activity-induced boredom. The findings also showed that different learner prototypes experience FLLB distinctly. Thus teachers should consider using different strategies to prevent or reduce this negative emotion in the context of L2 learning since otherwise this process could be impeded.
Investigating academic achievement of English medium instruction courses in Turkey
Authors: Altay Mehmet , Curle Samantha , Yuksel Dogan , Soruç Adem
Published: March 2022

This article reports a quantitative study that investigated academic achievement in English medium instruction (EMI) courses at a public university in Turkey. Student test score data on EMI and Turkish medium instruction (TMI) courses as well as general English proficiency scores were collected in two academic divisions: the mathematical, physical, and life sciences (MPLS, N = 357); and the social sciences (N = 359). Analysis conducted at the macro (academic division), meso (academic department), and micro levels (academic program) showed subtle differences at each level. Overall, results were consistent: English language proficiency was a strong predictor of academic achievement of social science participants, whereas success in TMI courses predicted EMI success of MPLS participants. These results reinforce the notion that more language support should be given to social science students, whereas learning some content through TMI should be prioritized for MPLS students. Implications for language professionals and EMI practitioners are discussed, and suggestions are made for further research.
Effect of rubber reinforcement with filler on extrusion flow and extrudate swell
Authors: Hirai Hidenori , Uematsu Hideyuki , Sato Yuji , Tanoue Shuichi
Published: March 2022

The extrusion process of silica rubber through a chemical reaction is unstable, and the flow mechanism in the extruder is still unclear. In this study, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has been chosen as the matrix and the reinforcing effects of two different kinds of fillers, silica and titanium dioxide, have been investigated on SBR. Additionally, the effect of the properties of the SBR/filler composites on extrudate swelling has been examined. The reinforcing effect of the filler was confirmed by dynamic viscoelasticity, and the swell ratio was measured using a capillary rheometer. The results suggest that titanium dioxide has no reinforcing effect, as there is no interaction between titanium dioxide and the molecular structure of SBR. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between silica and SBR. It was found that the bound rubber, which is an SBR gel with restricted molecular chains, causes a reduction in the swell ratio, and this reduction effect is larger than that caused by filling the filler in the matrix. Furthermore, it was observed that this bound rubber deforms during flow and affects the extrudate swell phenomenon.
Conjectural invariance with respect to the fusion system of an almost-source algebra
Authors: Barker Laurence , Gelvin Matthew
Published: March 2022

We show that, given an almost-source algebra 𝐴 of a 𝑝-block of a finite group 𝐺, then the unit group of 𝐴 contains a basis stabilized by the left and right multiplicative action of the defect group if and only if, in a sense to be made precise, certain relative multiplicities of local pointed groups are invariant with respect to the fusion system. We also show that, when 𝐺 is 𝑝-solvable, those two equivalent conditions hold for some almost-source algebra of the given 𝑝-block. One motive lies in the fact that, by a theorem of Linckelmann, if the two equivalent conditions hold for 𝐴, then any stable basis for 𝐴 is semicharacteristic for the fusion system.
Adiposity measures in screening for metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Tang Zhaoxie , Yang Chen , Zheng Hao , Jing Jiajia , Li Xiuhong , Zhu Yanna
Published: March 2022

Background

Existing various and complicated metabolic syndrome (MetS) definitions have contributed to the difficulty in assessing MetS in children and adolescents, and therefore it is urgently needed to develop a convenient and effective screening tool for pediatric MetS. This study aimed to identify the optimal adiposity measure to screen for pediatric MetS.

Methods

The cross-sectional data was collected from 8,150 children and adolescents aged 7–17 y living in southern China. Anthropometric indices, blood lipids, and serum glucose were determined. Results of two commonly used MetS definitions were compared: International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (NCEP-ATP) modified by Cook. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed and areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated to determine the optimal index for MetS screening.

Results

MetS prevalence assessed by NCEP-ATP was significantly higher than that by IDF (6.2% vs. 1.5%, p<0.001). Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) showed the highest screening power for MetS defined by both IDF and NCEP-ATP (AUC 0.932 and 0.900, respectively), and its optimal cut-off point was 0.48 by both IDF and NCEP-ATP definition (sensitivity 0.944 and 0.847, specificity 0.800 and 0.830, respectively), regardless of age or sex. When taking sex diversity into account, the optimal WHtR cut-off point was 0.49 (IDF) or 0.50 (NCEP-ATP) in boys, and 0.46 (both definitions) in girls.

Conclusions

Among children and adolescents aged 7–17 y in southern China, a WHtR greater than 0.48 can be a simple but effective screening tool for MetS.
Crystal structure of 4-Hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-2-ylthio)pent-3-en-2-one, C15H14O2S
Authors: Wen Ya-Xin , Guo Ya-Fei , Dong Le , Ma Jun-Ying , Fan Bing-You
Published: March 2022

C15H14O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.5881(11) Å, b = 7.3129(9) Å, c = 13.3284(11) Å, β = 96.125(7)°, V = 1316.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0570, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1402, T = 293 K.
The crystal structure of tetrakis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2N,O)-bis(1H-pyrazol-3-ylamine-κ2
N:N)dicobalt(II) dihydrate, C27H23N5O5Co
Authors: Xiang Gao , Xi-Shi Tai
Published: March 2022

C27H23N5O5Co, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.6503(7) Å, b = 11.1188(8) Å, c = 13.2711(11) Å, α = 79.185(7)°, β = 71.970(7)°, γ = 87.951(6)°, V = 1191.85(17) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0450, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1143, T = 200 K.
A novel superabsorbent material based on soybean straw: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Guo Jun , Huang Jingsong , Liu Tingguo , Chen Jianbin , Janaswamy Srinivas
Published: March 2022

A novel superabsorbent copolymer (SAP) was developed by grafting acrylic acid onto the pretreated soybean straw (PSBS) using gamma-ray irradiation. The structure of soybean straw, treated soybean straw, and SAP were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of irradiation dose, the dosage of cross-link agent, and the monomer ratio of the graft copolymer on the water absorbency of the SAP was investigated. The highest water absorbency of 1,489 g/g in distilled water and 56 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution was obtained, when the ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to PSBS was 6:1. This irradiation technique is superior to traditional methods with advantages such as less heavy pollution, low-energy consumption, and high-water retention performance. The outcome is deemed to open up new pathways to synthesize environmentally safe superabsorbents with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.
miR-221, miR-650 and miR-4534 as diagnostic markers in prostate cancer and their relationship with lymphatic invasion
Authors: Hekımler Öztürk Kuyaş , Mutlu İçduygu Fadime , Özgöz Asuman , Özorak Alper
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the role of miR-221, miR-650, and miR-4534 expressions in the development, pathogenesis, and early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Methods

The study included 83 participants: 37 patients with PCa, 31 patients with BPH, and 15 healthy subjects. MiRNA expressions in plasma samples was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.

Results

Plasma miR-221 and miR-4534 levels were significantly upregulated in the PCa and BPH groups compared to the control group. A significant difference was determined between the presence of lymph node metastasis and the expressions of miRNAs. In the ROC analysis of the miRNAs, it was determined that the AUC for miR-221 was 0.737 with a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 100%, AUC for miR-650 was 0.706 with a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 93% and AUC for miR-4534 was 0.800 with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 93%.

Conclusions

Overexpression of miR-221, miR-650, and miR-4534 may distinguish PCa and BPH from healthy controls, but seems to be insufficient in differentiating PCa from BPH when used alone or in combination. However, these oncogenic miRNAs may have a role in determining the development and progression of the disease by suppressing the tumor suppressor genes they target.
Globale virtuelle Unternehmen
Authors: Eversheim Walter , Schuth Sascha , Bremer Carlos F. , Molina Arturo
Published: March 2022

Die Entwicklung und Produktion in weltweiten Netzwerken besitzt große Potentiale zur Reduzierung von Kosten und Durchlaufzeiten. Zur Realisierung globaler virtueller Unternehmen werden sowohl neue organisatorische Konzepte als auch neue Hilfsmittel der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik benötigt.
Prozeßorientierte interaktive Erstellung von Kundendokumentationen
Authors: Werthenbach Markus
Published: March 2022

Produktdokumentationen sind meist von Interesse, wenn es Probleme bei der Inbetriebnahme von Maschinen und Anlagen gibt, wenn Inspektionen und Ersatzteile benötigt werden. Stehen zu diesem Zeitpunkt die notwendigen Informationen nicht zur Verfügung, kommt es zu hohen Verlustzeiten bei der Nutzung der Produkte. Daher stellt eine Kundendokumentation einen wertvollen Beitrag zu Kundenorientierung und Service-Kompetenz eines Unternehmens dar.
Vernetzte Information zur Handhabung von Entwicklungswissen
Authors: Lindemann Udo , Aßmann Gert , Freyer Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Die hohe Komplexität des integrierten Entwicklungsprozesses fordert von den heutigen Rechnersystemen, Informationen prozeßbegleitend abzubilden und bedarfsgerecht für den weiteren Prozeß bereitzustellen. Am Beispiel des Änderungsprozesses wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, wie mit einem rechnerunterstützten Werkzeug der Informationsfluß im Entwicklungsprozeß optimiert und somit die Entwicklungszeit verkürzt werden kann.
CNC-Test an virtuellen Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Meier Horst , Kreusch Karsten
Published: March 2022

CNC-Funktionalitäten werden derzeit seitens der Steuerungshersteller in langwierigen, manuell durchgeführten und teilweise schwer reproduzierbaren Testverfahren verifiziert. Da die Steuerungen jedoch selten an reale Werkzeugmaschinen angeschlossen sind, ist eine vollständige und aussagekräftige Bewertung kaum möglich. Eine Analyse und Klassifikation von CNC-Funktionen bildet die Basis für die Aufstellung von Testalgorithmen. Gemeinsam mit einer Hardware-in-the-Loop-Kopplung der CNC an eine Echtzeitsimulation der Werkzeugmaschine werden dadurch die Voraussetzungen für einen automatisierten CNC-Test geschaffen.
Die Zukunft von EDI in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Hüngsberg Werner
Published: March 2022

Auf dem Weg in das 21. Jahrhundert werden sich der elektronische Datenaustausch (EDI) und sein Umfeld tiefgreifend wandeln. Bereits zu Beginn des letzten Jahres hatte ein Vorschlag des amerikanischen Verbands der Automobilhersteller (AIAG) unterschiedliche Reaktionen in Deutschland und Europa hervorgerufen – angefangen von der Ablehnung bis hin zur blinden Akzeptanz. Im Laufe des Jahres 1997 ist jedoch durch kritisches Hinterfragen ein neues Bewußtsein entstanden, das ein tieferes Wissen um die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie in der Automobilindustrie erforderlich macht.
Management integrierter Digital Mock-up Entwicklungsprozesse
Authors: Reinhart Gunther , Grunwald Stefan , Murr Otto , Goldstein Bernd
Published: March 2022

Im Rahmen des Forschungsverbundprojektes GiPP

Das Forschungsverbundprojekt „Geschäftsprozeßgestaltung mit integrierten Produkt- und Prozeßmodellen" (GiPP) wird von BMBF gefördert.

wurde am Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebswissenschaften (iwb) der TU München zusammen mit Industriepartnern ein adaptives Prozeßmanagement für integrierte Digital Mock-up-Entwicklungsprozesse entwickelt. Damit werden komplexe rechnerunterstützte Entwicklungsaufgaben beherrschbar und stark verkürzte Entwicklungszyklen plan- und realisierbar.
Gruppenarbeit in logischen Produktlinien
Authors: Neumann Frank
Published: March 2022

Die Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation der Produktlinien bilden die Basis für die Einführung von Gruppenarbeit. Eine Gruppenfindung mittels Wahl führt durch veränderte Gruppenzusammensetzungen zu einem deutlichen Qualifikationsschub, da viele Mitarbeiter eine neue Tätigkeit annehmen. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt auf, daß Kundenorientierung über eine Segmentierung und anschließende Organisation in Produktlinien konsequent bis an den Arbeitsplatz voranzutreiben ist.