bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic correction of Werner syndrome gene reveals impaired pro‐angiogenic function and HGF insufficiency in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tu Jiajie , Wan Chao , Zhang Fengjie , Cao Lianbao , Law Patrick Wai Nok , Tian Yuyao , Lu Gang , Rennert Owen M. , Chan Wai‐Yee , Cheung Hoi‐Hung
Published: April 2020

WRN mutation causes a premature aging disease called Werner syndrome (WS). However, the mechanism by which WRN loss leads to progeroid features evident with impaired tissue repair and regeneration remains unclear. To determine this mechanism, we performed gene editing in reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from WS fibroblasts. Gene correction restored the expression of WRN. WRN+/+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited improved pro‐angiogenesis. An analysis of paracrine factors revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was downregulated in WRN−/− MSCs. HGF insufficiency resulted in poor angiogenesis and cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, HGF was partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling, which was desensitized in WRN−/− MSCs. Consistently, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in WRN+/+ MSC resulted in reduced angiogenesis and poor wound healing. Our findings indicate that the impairment in the pro‐angiogenic function of WS‐MSCs is due to HGF insufficiency and PI3K/AKT dysregulation, suggesting trophic disruption between stromal and epithelial cells as a mechanism for WS pathogenesis.
Hydatidiform mole in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic. Is there an association?
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Ahmed Omar A. , Shaltout Asmaa S.
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is considered a worldwide pandemic. COVID‐19 patients had profound immune dysregulation so they could be susceptible for adverse pregnancy outcomes as hydatidiform mole. In this article, we tried to explain the link between hydatidiform mole and COVID‐19.
Two Tales of Rumination and Burnout: Examining the Effects of Boredom and Overload
Authors: Sousa Teresa , Neves Pedro
Published: April 2020

Although boredom poses serious consequences for employees and organizations, research has paid little attention to this phenomenon, especially when compared to other job experiences such as overload. Building upon the Effort‐Recovery Model, our study examines the impact of these two sub‐optimal experiences, characterized by under‐ and over‐stimulation, on burnout via three facets of rumination. Using a time lagged design with three measurement moments and a sample of 152 participants, we found partial support for our hypotheses. Boredom and overload led to emotional exhaustion and disengagement 2 weeks later, via an increase in affective rumination. Overload also increased emotional exhaustion via reduced detachment, yet boredom reduced emotional exhaustion by facilitating detachment. These findings stress the importance of addressing boredom as a pervasive, although often silent, workplace phenomenon.
Risk of de‐novo inflammatory bowel disease among obese patients treated with bariatric surgery or weight loss medications
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S. , Desai Aakash , Syed Aslam , Grover Abhinav , El Hachem Sandra , Abdul‐Baki Heitham , Chintamaneni Preethi , Aoun Elie , Kanna Sowjanya , Sandhu Dalbir S. , Singh Siddharth , Shen Bo , Loftus Edward V. , Dulai Parambir S.
Published: April 2020

Background

An association between bariatric surgery and development of de‐novo inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observed.

Aim

To evaluate further the association among bariatric surgery, weight loss medications, obesity and new‐onset IBD.

Methods

Using Explorys, a population‐based Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant database, we estimated the prevalence of de‐novo IBD among patients treated with bariatric surgery (Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric banding) (n = 60 870) or weight loss medications (orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, bupropion/naltrexone and liraglutide) (n = 193 790) compared with obese controls (n = 5 021 210), between 1999 and 2018.

Results

The prevalence of de‐novo IBD was lower among obese patients exposed to bariatric surgery (7.72 per 1000 patients) or weight loss medications (7.22 per 1000 patients) compared with patients with persistent obesity not exposed to these interventions (11.66 per 1000 patients, P < 0.0001). The risk reduction for de‐novo IBD was consistent across bariatric surgeries and weight loss medications with the exception of orlistat which was not associated with a reduction in risk for de‐novo IBD compared with the persistent obese control cohort.

Conclusion

Obese patients undergoing treatment with bariatric surgery or weight loss medications are at a lower risk for developing de‐novo IBD compared with persistently obese controls not exposed to these interventions. These data suggest that obesity and ineffective management of obesity are risk factors for de‐novo IBD. Further research is needed to confirm these observations and understand potential mechanisms.
Development of the symptoms and impacts questionnaire for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Jairath Vipul , Khanna Reena , Ma Christopher , McCarrier Kelly P. , Martin Mona L. , Parker Claire E. , Morris Joan , Feagan Brian G. , Sandborn William J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures historically used in inflammatory bowel disease have been considered inadequate to support future drug labelling claims by regulatory agencies.

Aims

To develop PRO tools for use in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following guidance issued by the US FDA and the ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research).

Methods

Concept elicitation and cognitive interviews were conducted in adult patients (≥18 years) across the United States and Canada. Semi‐structured interview guides were used to collect data, and interview transcripts were coded and analysed. Concept elicitation results were considered alongside existing literature and clinical expert opinion to identify candidate PRO items. Cognitive interviews evaluated concept relevance, interpretability and structure, and facilitated instrument refinement. Concept elicitation participants, except those with an ostomy, underwent centrally read endoscopy to assess inflammatory status.

Results

In all, 54 participants (mean age: 46.2 years; 66.7% female) were included in the CD concept elicitation interviews. In total, 80 symptom concepts and 61 impact concepts were identified. After three waves of cognitive interviews, the 31‐item Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire for CD (SIQ‐CD) was developed. In the UC concept elicitation phase, 53 participants were interviewed (mean age: 41.4 years; 49.1% female). In total, 79 symptoms concepts and 49 impact concepts were identified. Following two waves of cognitive interviews, the 29‐item Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire for UC (SIQ‐UC) was developed. Both instruments include four symptom and six impact domains.

Conclusions

We developed PROs to support CD and UC drug labelling claims. Psychometric validation studies to evaluate instrument reliability and responsiveness are ongoing.
Effects of single green tea ingestion on pharmacokinetics of nadolol in healthy volunteers
Authors: Misaka Shingen , Abe Osamu , Ono Tomoyuki , Ono Yuko , Ogata Hiroshi , Miura Itaru , Shikama Yayoi , Fromm Martin F. , Yabe Hirooki , Shimomura Kenju
Published: April 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics.

Methods

In a randomized 3‐phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingestion of brewed GT, or with water in a volume of 150 mL.

Results

Geometric mean ratio with 90% confidence interval for nadolol AUC0–48 was 0.371 (0.303–0.439) with concomitant GT. In addition, ingestion of GT 1 hour before nadolol administration resulted in a significant reduction of nadolol AUC0–48 with geometric mean ratio of 0.536 (0.406–0.665). There were no differences in time to maximal plasma concentration and renal clearance of nadolol among groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that single concomitant ingestion of GT substantially decreases plasma concentrations of nadolol. Moreover, the reduction in nadolol bioavailability could persist for at least 1 hour after drinking a cup of GT.
Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel versus prasugrel and ticagrelor for coronary artery disease treatment in patients with CYP2C19 LoF alleles: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoon Ha Young , Lee Nari , Seong Jong‐Mi , Gwak Hye Sun
Published: April 2020

Aim

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel with those of clopidogrel in CYP2C19 reduced‐metabolizers.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or cohort studies up to January 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular (CV) death, all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis and stroke. The secondary endpoint was bleeding. Pooled effects were measured by relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's regression test and adjusted by trim and fill method.

Results

Twelve studies comprising 5829 CV patients with CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles were included. Patients who received ticagrelor or prasugrel showed a lower risk of MACE than those who received clopidogrel (RR 0.524; 95% CI: 0.375, 0.731). The former also had lower risks of CV death (RR 0.409; 95% CI: 0.177, 0.946), all‐cause death (RR 0.441; 95% CI: 0.263, 0.739), MI (RR 0.554; 95% CI: 0.414, 0.741) and stent thrombosis (RR 0.587; 95% CI: 0.348, 0.988) than the latter patient group. The risk of stroke was not significantly different between patients receiving the alternatives and those receiving clopidogrel (RR 0.605; 95% CI: 0.257, 1.425). Major and minor bleeding risk was not significantly different between patients treated with alternatives and clopidogrel (RR 1.019; 95% CI: 0.827, 1.260 and RR 1.235; 95% CI: 0.581, 2.628, respectively).

Conclusion

CYP2C19 reduced‐metabolizers can expect better clinical outcome on using prasugrel or ticagrelor rather than clopidogrel.
Endothelial cell function and endothelial‐related disorders following haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Chao Nelson
Published: April 2020

Use of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the treatment of haematologic and neoplastic diseases may lead to life‐threatening complications that cause substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. In addition to patient‐ and disease‐related factors, toxicity associated with HCT puts patients at risk for complications that share a similar pathophysiology involving endothelial cells (ECs). Normally, the endothelium plays a role in maintaining homeostasis, including regulation of coagulation, vascular tone, permeability and inflammatory processes. When activated, ECs acquire cellular features that may lead to phenotypic changes that induce procoagulant, pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic mediators leading to EC dysfunction and damage. Elevated levels of coagulation factors, cytokines and adhesion molecules are indicative of endothelial dysfunction, and endothelial damage may lead to clinical signs and symptoms of pathological post‐HCT conditions, including veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, graft‐versus‐host disease, transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome/diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. The endothelium represents a rational target for preventing and treating HCT complications arising from EC dysfunction and damage. Additionally, markers of endothelial damage may be useful in improving diagnosis of HCT‐related complications and monitoring treatment effect. Continued research to effectively manage EC activation, injury and dysfunction may be important in improving patient outcomes after HCT.
Barriers to seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care facilities: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Kenny Eanna , McNamara Áine , Noone Chris , Byrne Molly
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) against influenza is recommended by numerous public health authorities. Despite these recommendations, the rate of vaccine uptake is poor, particularly among those working in long‐term care. The current study aimed to use the theoretical domains framework to identify the barriers associated with influenza vaccine uptake among HCWs in long‐term care facilities.

Design

The study employed a cross‐sectional survey design.

Methods

HCWs (n = 372) at 21 long‐term care facilities in the west of Ireland completed a paper‐based questionnaire, which assessed the socio‐demographic and psychosocial determinants associated with HCW influenza vaccine uptake.

Results

Findings indicated that a logistic regression using the theoretical domains framework demonstrated a strong ability to correctly classify whether or not HCWs received the influenza vaccine. Significant predictors of receiving the vaccine were past vaccination (OR = 16.16, 95% CI = 5.52–47.34), Goals (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.63–6.06), Intentions (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.23–4.77), Social influences (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18–0.84), and Reinforcement (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.21–0.98).

Conclusions

This research identified the key psychological determinants associated with HCW vaccine uptake. Interventions that target the theoretical domains, Goals, Intentions, Social influences, and Reinforcement, may enhance vaccine uptake among HCW in long‐term care facilities.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care settings is suboptimal. Many socio‐demographic, psychosocial, and organizational barriers to vaccination have been identified. However, few studies have explored the barriers to vaccination among health care workers in long‐term care settings within a behaviour change theory framework.

What does this study add?

This is the first study to apply the theoretical domains framework to vaccination behaviour.

Health care worker vaccine uptake was associated with having previously received the vaccine and the domains Goals, Intentions, Social influences, and Reinforcement.

The findings suggest that interventions that target these domains may increase vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care facilities. Possible interventions could include vaccination action planning and promoting vaccination as a positive act rather than a professional responsibility.
Pelvic exenteration surgery in patients with locally advanced castration‐naïve and castration‐resistant, symptomatic prostate cancer
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Bludau Mark , Bruns Christiane , Nestler Tim , Porres Daniel , Pfister David Johannes Karl Paul
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To evaluate retrospectively the surgical, symptomatic and oncological outcomes of pelvic exenteration surgery (PES) in men with significant intrapelvic complications of locally advanced castration‐sensitive (CSPC) and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Patients and Methods

A total of 103 patients with locally advanced progressive and symptomatic CSPC or CRPC underwent PES (radical cystoprostatectomy, n = 71 [68.9%]; radical prostatectomy with continent vesicostomy, n = 9 [8.7%]; total exenteration, n = 23 [22.3%]). All patients underwent local staging via magnetic resonance imaging, cystoscopy and rectoscopy. Systemic staging was carried out with chest, abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans and bone scans. Peri‐operative complications were assessed according to Clavien–Dindo classification. Symptom‐free and overall survival were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical tests were two‐tailed with a P value <0.05 taken to indicate statistical significance.

Results

After a median (range) follow‐up of 36.5 (3–123) months, the symptom‐free survival rate at 1 and 3 years was 89.2% (n = 89) and 64.1% (n = 66), respectively. The median symptom‐free survival was 27.9 months. A total of 78.6% of the patients were symptom‐free during their remaining lifetime. The overall survival rate at 1 and 3 years was 92.2% and 43.7%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 33.6 months. Clavien–Dindo grades 2, 3 and 4 complications developed in 31 (30.6%), 12 (11.6%) and eight patients (8.1%), respectively.

Conclusion

Pelvic exenteration surgery is technically feasible in well‐selected patients, resulting in symptom relief in >90% of patients, covering 80% of their remaining lifetime.
Graves’ disease and vertebral fracture: Possible pathogenic link in postmenopausal women
Authors: Takedani Kai , Notsu Masakazu , Yamauchi Mika , Nawata Kiyoko , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Kanasaki Keizo
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective

Thyrotoxicosis is associated with accelerated bone turnover and increases the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. However, studies that examined risk factors associated with fragility fractures only in patients with Graves' disease are limited. Here, we investigated whether the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) of postmenopausal Graves' disease patients is high and tried to identify the risk factors for VF in that population.

Design and Methods

Forty‐three postmenopausal women with Graves' disease were enrolled. Physical and biochemical indices, thyroid indices and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured, and lateral X‐rays were obtained to evaluate VFs. Age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group (n = 86).

Results

The prevalence of VFs (35% vs 17%, P < .05), osteoporosis (63% vs 33%, P < .01) and severe osteoporosis (40% vs 17%, P < .01) was significantly higher in the Graves' disease group. Although there was no significant difference in either thyroid hormone levels or the positive ratio of thyroid antibodies, the prevalence of thyroid‐stimulating antibody (TSAb) was significantly higher in Graves' disease patients with VF compared to without (100% vs 68%, P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age identified Graves' disease as being associated with the presence of VFs (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.13‐6.54, P < .05) in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions

Postmenopausal Graves' disease patients had high risks of VF and severe osteoporosis. TSAb could be involved as a risk factor for VF in postmenopausal Graves' disease.
LncRNA‐mediated ceRNA network was identified as a crucial determinant of differential effects in periodontitis and periimplantitis by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Zhou Hailun , Chen Donghui , Xie Guifang , Li Jiaojie , Tang Jianjia , Tang Li
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective

Although periimplantitis and periodontitis share similar features, particularly clinical features, they are two different diseases and should be analyzed separately. Thus far, few omics‐level differences in periimplantitis and periodontitis have been reported. This study was aimed at exploring the differential effects of expression mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in periodontitis and periimplantitis by high‐throughput sequencing and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis.

Methods

Gingival tissues of healthy individuals (HI) and periimplantitis (PI) and periodontitis (P) patients were collected and used for genome‐wide sequencing. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and visualized by R software. The functions and pathways of DEGs were analyzed using Metascape, and the ceRNA network was constructed using the Cytoscape software. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the function of key nodes in ceRNA.

Results and Conclusion

By constructing the regulated ceRNA network, six genes (FAM126B, SORL1, PRLR, CPEB2, RAP2C, and YOD1) and 16 miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐338‐5p, hsa‐miR‐650, hsa‐miR‐9‐5p, hsa‐miR‐1290, hsa‐miR‐544a, hsa‐miR‐3179, hsa‐miR‐1269a, hsa‐miR‐3679‐5p, hsa‐miR‐149‐5p, hsa‐miR‐615‐3p, hsa‐miR‐33b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐31‐5p, hsa‐miR‐4639‐5p, hsa‐miR‐204‐5p, hsa‐miR‐5588‐5p, and hsa‐mir‐196a‐5p) were detected. Five long non‐coding RNAs (lnc‐CORO2B‐1, lnc‐MBL2‐7, lnc‐TRIM45‐1, lnc‐CHST10‐2, and lnc‐TNP1‐6) were found to target these miRNAs in this ceRNA network. The ceRNA network based on transcriptome data revealed that FAM126B, SORL1, PRLR, CPEB2, RAP2C, and YOD1 were crucial proteins of differential effects in periodontitis and periimplantitis. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interaction involved the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, NOD signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and innate immune process. These regulated pathways and biological processes may be factors contributing to the pathogenesis of periimplantitis being distinct from that of periodontitis.
The impact of COVID‐19 on food retail and food service in Canada: Preliminary assessment
Authors: Goddard Ellen
Published: April 2020

COVID‐19 has imposed a series of unique challenges on the food retail and food service sectors in Canada. Almost overnight, the roughly 30% of the food dollar that Canadians have been spending on food away from home has shifted to retail.
The COVID‐19 pandemic: Anticipating its effects on Canada's agricultural trade
Authors: Barichello Richard
Published: April 2020

With the deep recession now forecast for the world economy, trade can be expected to fall even more steeply. Agricultural trade will be less significantly affected, being insulated by its relatively low income elasticities of demand. However, a drop in the range of 12%–20% in real trade value should be expected. Canada can be expected to share in this, but, within agricultural exports, cereals will be least affected. This minimal expected impact to cereals stems partly from the risk of wheat export bans by Russia and Kazakhstan, due to increases in wheat prices. Livestock, pulses, and horticulture exporters can be expected to face a larger decline in trade prospects and revenues. An equally large threat, along with falling incomes in our trade partners, is their policy responses, particularly the potential increase in import restrictions. These may take the form of more costly inspections, tightened SPS and food safety regulations, and protectionist measures from competing domestic producers.
Weight bias internalization and its association with health behaviour adherence after bariatric surgery
Authors: Feig Emily H. , Amonoo Hermioni L. , Onyeaka Henry K. , Romero Perla M. , Kim Sonia , Huffman Jeff C.
Published: April 2020

This study tested the hypothesis that internalized weight bias (WBI) is negatively associated with health‐related quality of life, weight loss and health behaviour adherence (eg, physical activity, diet, vitamin adherence) in patients who had weight loss surgery (WLS). It also tested whether self‐efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were mediators between WBI and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants were recruited from online support forums. They completed an anonymous online survey assessing WBI, physical activity, health behaviour adherence, depression, health‐related quality of life, self‐efficacy for exercise and barriers to being physically active. Multiple regression analyses and a bootstrapping approach for mediation were used. The sample included 112 primarily white and female adults, who had surgery 1 month to 24 years prior. WBI was negatively associated with weight loss since surgery, MVPA, dietary adherence, vitamin adherence and mental health‐related quality of life, and was not associated with walking, physical health‐related quality of life or fluid intake adherence. Self‐efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were partial mediators between WBI and physical activity. After WLS, WBI may signal poorer adherence to critical health behaviours. It also is associated with less weight loss. WBI should be assessed and treated by WLS providers.
Bycatch in local fishery disrupts natural reestablishment of Eurasian otter in western Norway
Authors: Landa Arild , Guidos Steven
Published: April 2020

Lack of proper estimates of nonreported bycatch has made it difficult to evaluate the actual impact of bycatch in many local fisheries. For the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), there are no published estimates on the extent to which bycatch is unreported, despite nonreporting being a well‐known issue. Through public outreach efforts in local news and media we collected information from citizen scientists on nonreported otter mortalities of a small‐scale fishery in western Norway along the recent natural expansion front of otters. We compared this to deaths that were properly registered by local authorities. In total, cause of mortality was determined from 218 otters between 2003 and 2018. We found that the chances of a mortality being properly reported varied between type of death. Drowning in fyke and gillnets were the most common cause of mortality, and at least 61 and 69% of these deaths were never reported, respectively. The high level of bycatch occurring in the otters' current region of expansion is likely to have demographic impacts and hinder otter reestablishment in the area. Banning the use of fyke nets and setting a minimum fishing depth for gillnets would enhance otter recovery and simultaneously alleviate bycatch of other nontarget species in the region, while having little economic impact on a fishery which is mostly noncommercial. The case of the otter is a classic example of lack of communication between government agencies which have so far failed to establish platforms where issues like this can be discussed and solved by adequate law implementation.
Density dependence mediates the ecological impact of an invasive fish
Authors: DeRoy Emma M. , Scott Ryan , Hussey Nigel E. , MacIsaac Hugh J.
Published: April 2020

Aim

The way in which habitat heterogeneity and predator density affect predator–prey dynamics, space use and prey risk are understudied aspects of foraging ecology, particularly for invasive species. Likewise, how an invasive species’ impact scales with its abundance is poorly understood. We used a model invasive species—lionfish (Pterois volitans)—to understand emergent multiple predator effects and influences of habitat heterogeneity on consumption rate and prey mortality risk.

Location

Florida, USA.

Methods

We considered effects of both predator and prey abundance on density‐dependent impact. We used functional response methodology to quantify the per‐capita effect ofP. volitans, assessing concomitant influences of prey refuge (3 levels) and predator density (3 levels) on predator–prey space use and predation efficiency across increasing prey densities (7 levels). We then assessed intraspecific interaction outcomes by comparing observed per‐capita effects with predicted estimates based on consumption rates of individual predators. This allowed us to detect the presence of emergent multiple predator effects (MPEs) and tease apart density‐dependent impacts.

Results

Lionfish predatory impact was mediated by predator and prey density but unaffected by refugia. Despite incongruent patch preferences between predators and their prey, predator impacts were context‐independent. We also detected nonlinear scaling of impact with increasing predator abundance. Pairs of lionfish had the greatest per‐capita effect, whose cumulative impact on prey matched that expected of independently foraging predators. At the highest predator density (four fish), antagonistic multiple predator effects precipitated prey risk reduction, in which we observed the lowest per‐capita effect. Across predator abundances, prey mortality rates were inversely density‐dependent.

Main conclusions

Quantifying non‐independent consumptive effects of multiple conspecific predators across levels of prey abundance can inform better prediction and understanding of invasive species' density‐dependent effects. Additionally, consideration of heterogeneity‐mediated FRs and predator–prey spatial distributions may facilitate more precise and realistic predictions of invader impact across their invaded range.
Off to a good start: Early Spanish‐language processing efficiency supports Spanish‐ and English‐language outcomes at 4½ years in sequential bilinguals
Authors: Marchman Virginia A. , Bermúdez Vanessa N. , Bang Janet Y. , Fernald Anne
Published: April 2020

Many Latino children in the U.S. speak primarily Spanish at home with few opportunities for exposure to English before entering school. For monolingual children, the strongest early predictor of later school success is oral language skill developed before kindergarten. Less is known about how early oral language skills support later learning in sequential bilingual children. A question with wide‐reaching significance is whether skill in a child's first language (L1) supports later learning in a second language (L2). In this longitudinal study of sequential Spanish‐English bilinguals, we assessed oral language skills in Spanish at 2 years through parent reports of vocabulary size and children's real‐time language processing efficiency (Accuracy, RT) in the ‘looking‐while‐listening’ (LWL) task. At 4½ years, we assessed language outcomes in both Spanish and English using standardized tests. Reported relative exposure to each language was significantly correlated with language outcomes in Spanish and English. Within‐language relations were observed between Spanish vocabulary size and processing efficiency at 2 years and later Spanish‐language outcomes. Critically, across‐language relations were also observed: Children with stronger Spanish‐language processing efficiency at 2 years had stronger English‐language skills at 4½ years, controlling for socioeconomic status and exposure to English. Children's early language processing efficiency in Spanish is associated with stronger real‐time information processing skills that support maintenance of Spanish and learning in English when these children enter school. These results support the recommendation that primarily Spanish‐speaking families should engage in activities that promote children's Spanish‐language skills while also seeking opportunities for children to be exposed to English.
Therapeutic uncertainties in people with cardiometabolic diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19)
Authors: Khunti Sachin , Khunti Nitisha , Seidu Samuel , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: April 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and sent all countries scrambling to review emergency healthcare provisions. There is global evidence of each nation struggling to effectively manage the number of people being diagnosed with the virus. These are testing times which have not been experienced in recent generations and there are a number of insecurities regarding the management of people with COVID‐19 and cardiometabolic diseases. This review highlights the current concerns related to COVID‐19 and provides advice in terms of the therapeutic uncertainty and potential adverse harms associated with therapy when managing people, particularly those with cardiometabolic diseases, who have contracted or are at increased risk of contracting COVID‐19.
Erdoğan’s pragmatism and the ascension of AKP in Turkey: Islam and neo‐Ottomanism
Authors: Gontijo Lorenzo C. B. , Barbosa Roberson S.
Published: April 2020

This article aimed to analyze the ascension of Justice and Development Party—Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi(AKP)—in Turkey and its political measures regarding both Islam and the country's Ottoman past, in order to comprehend the party's role in a potential shift of Turkish national identity and in Turkey's relationship with the Middle East. The article does this through a content analysis of decrees, laws, and other measures taken by the AKP that emphasizes its cultural and religious policies, as well as revisiting literature produced about the subject. Analyzing Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's government during his time as Prime Minister (2003–2014), two noteworthy features come to light: its Islamic influence and its so‐called neo‐Ottomanist outlook. However, this article argues that besides an identity‐ and ideology‐based motivation, the AKP had pragmatic intentions in adopting such approaches, aiming to gather support both domestically and regionally.
Contemporary conflicts, cross‐border military operations, and the declining role of the UN: The case of Turkey and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nyadera Israel Nyaburi , Kisaka Michael Otieno
Published: April 2020

This article examines an emerging trend of cross‐border conflicts between states and non‐state actors. It looks at the narratives fronted by Turkey and Saudi Arabia to justify their operations in northern Syria and Yemen, respectively. The authors argue that the increased inaction and lack of influence by the UN in response to such operations reaffirm states as the core actors in international politics and that national security and interests continue to shape the behavior of actors at the international level. The article concludes that the UN needs to adjust to the new forms of conflicts, actors, and behavior being experienced at the international level if it is to retain its relevance as an anchor of peace and international security.
Right aortic arch, bilateral ductus arteriosus, and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from innominate artery in a fetus with normal intracardiac anatomy
Authors: Karmegaraj Balaganesh , Vaidyanathan Balu
Published: April 2020

Right aortic arch (RAA) with right ductus arteriosus (RDA) is one of the least frequently diagnosed cardiac abnormalities prenatally. We describe here a case of RAA, bilateral ductus arteriosus (BDA), and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from innominate artery in a fetus with normal intracardiac anatomy.
State versus private provision: How does China’s market‐oriented reform affect healthcare delivery?
Authors: Fang Guanfu , Cao Hui
Published: April 2020

The role of the government in health care provision remains a contested issue worldwide. Public hospitals dominate China’s health care industry. However, in the early 2000s, the eastern China city of Suqian privatized all its hospitals and relaxed entry barriers for private hospitals. We assess the impact of the pro‐market reform on hospital performance using a differences‐in‐differences approach. We find that the pro‐market reform decreased medical price and expenditure, improved self‐reported health outcomes, and reduced search time and cost for patients. We show that after the reform, Suqian residents had greater trust in doctors than did residents from other cities.
Pre‐pubertal, low‐intensity exercise does not require concomitant venlafaxine to induce robust, late‐life antidepressant effects in Flinders sensitive line rats
Authors: Steyn Stephan F. , Harvey Brian H. , Brink Christiaan B.
Published: April 2020

A significant number of adolescents are considered insufficiently active. This is of concern considering the negative association between physical activity and major depressive disorder (MDD). There is a lack of approved pharmacological treatment options in this population partly due to limited information on the risks associated with lasting effects during early life. Therefore, interest in non‐pharmacological strategies is gaining popularity with low‐ to moderate‐intensity exercise being especially attractive for its antidepressant‐like effects and augmentation properties in combination with antidepressants. Early‐life development might present a unique “window of opportunity” to induce long‐term beneficial effects in individuals treated with central acting drugs, such as antidepressants. Therefore, we investigated the bio‐behavioural effects of pre‐pubertal, low‐intensity exercise (EXE) and/or venlafaxine (VEN) on depressive‐like behaviour in juvenile (postnatal day 35 (PND35)) and young adult (PND60) stress‐sensitive Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats. Interventions were introduced during pre‐pubertal development, that is PND21‐34, followed by a 26‐day washout/sedentary period, when bio‐behavioural analyses were performed in the early adulthood group. VEN, alone or in combination with EXE, proved ineffective in inducing any bio‐behavioural changes in either age group. EXE did not induce early‐life antidepressant‐like effects, despite increasing frontal serotonin (5‐HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels. Later in life (PND60), pre‐pubertal exercise reduced immobility and increased coping behaviours, together with increased cortical 5‐HT levels, despite a significant reduction in locomotor activity. These findings emphasize a strong serotonergic basis to the observed delayed antidepressant effects of EXE later in life.
Co‐Parenting Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Eira Nunes Cindy , de Roten Yves , El Ghaziri Nahema , Favez Nicolas , Darwiche Joëlle
Published: April 2020

Objective

This article aims to provide an overview of the efficacy of co‐parenting programs on outcomes related to child's adjustment, parents' well‐being, and quality of the co‐parenting, romantic, and parent–child relationships.

Background

Numerous co‐parenting programs have been developed, supported by empirical findings associating quality of co‐parenting to the overall family well‐being. However, to our knowledge, the efficacy of those programs has not yet been assessed.

Method

This article included 38 articles corresponding to 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) presenting 23 programs. We conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate the efficacy of co‐parenting programs and a review of programs to identify the ingredients of co‐parenting programs that may contribute to this efficacy.

Results

Results support a small but significant effect of co‐parenting programs on outcomes related to parents' well‐being and the quality of co‐parenting and romantic relationships.

Conclusion

Finally, despite the heterogeneity of the programs, some commonalities are identified, such as the use of psychoeducation and skills training.

Implications

Our work supports the added value of co‐parenting programs for both vulnerable families and families with no apparent major difficulties. Future directions in terms of study and program designs are proposed to promote high‐quality research in this field.
Fatigue response up to 109 cycles of a structural epoxy adhesive
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Ciardiello Raffaele , Paolino Davide Salvatore , Goglio Luca
Published: April 2020

In the present paper, the very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) response of a structural adhesive used for automotive applications, Betaforce 4600G modified with microspheres, has been experimentally assessed. Ultrasonic fully reversed tension–compression tests up to 109 cycles have been carried out with the testing machine developed by the authors on adhesives without macroscopic defects and on adhesives with artificial defects, inserted during the butt‐joint preparation. Fracture surfaces have been observed with the optical microscope and the P‐S‐N curves estimated. Experimental results have shown that defect location significantly affects the VHCF strength and fracture surfaces exhibit a peculiar morphology with three distinct characteristic regions.
Plant's‐eye view of temperature governs elevational distributions
Authors: Liancourt Pierre , Song Xin , Macek Martin , Santrucek Jiri , Dolezal Jiri
Published: April 2020

Explaining species geographic distributions by macroclimate variables is the most common approach for getting mechanistic insights into large‐scale diversity patterns and range shifts. However, species' traits influencing biophysical processes can produce a large decoupling from ambient air temperature, which can seriously undermine biogeographical inference. We combined stable oxygen isotope theory with a trait‐based approach to assess leaf temperature during carbon assimilation (TL) and its departure (ΔT) from daytime free air temperature during the growing season (Tgs) for 158 plant species occurring from 3,400 to 6,150 m a.s.l. in Western Himalayas. We uncovered a general extent of temperature decoupling in the region. The interspecific variation in ΔT was best explained by the combination of plant height and δ13 C, and leaf dry matter content partly captured the variation in TL. The combination of TL and ΔT, with ΔT contributing most, explained the interspecific difference in elevational distributions. Stable oxygen isotope theory appears promising for investigating how plants perceive temperatures, a pivotal information to species biogeographic distributions.
The gendered dimensions of informal institutions in the Australian construction industry
Authors: Galea Natalie , Powell Abigail , Loosemore Martin , Chappell Louise
Published: April 2020

The construction industry is the most male‐dominated in Australia, despite companies implementing formal policies and initiatives to address this. While previous research has examined the role of workplace culture as a barrier to women in the industry, our research investigates the role informal institutions play in obstructing gender equity in construction. We examine the gendered dimension of informal institutions (practices, narratives and norms) in two multinational Australian construction companies using feminist institutional (FI) theory and rapid ethnography. The findings show that informal gendered institutions obstruct women’s recruitment, retention and progression in construction. Recruitment into and within the industry is framed by male sponsorship, cultural fit and traditional education pipelines. Retention is compromised by poor parental leave practices and norms, which tolerate sexism and gender stereotypes, as well as unsustainable work practices. Progression is impaired by the need for strategic alliances with powerful men and a lack of transparency around promotion opportunities.
The Role of Positive Health Behaviors in the Relationship Between Early Life Stress and Migraine
Authors: Hammond Nicole G. , Colman Ian
Published: April 2020

Background

The use of diet and physical activity in alleviating the burden of migraine is unclear, therefore, more scientific study on the role of positive health behaviors in migraine management is needed.

Objective

To explore the potential moderating influence of positive health behaviors on the early life stress‐migraine relationship in a sample of the Canadian adult population.

Methods

This study used data from the 2011‐2012 Canadian Community Health Survey – Annual Component, a National cross‐sectional survey. Adults ≥18 years of age residing in British Columbia were surveyed about stressors experienced as children/teenagers (eg, parental divorce and substance abuse exposure). Migraine was self‐report of health‐professional diagnosis. Positive health behaviors were measured using an index of transportation and leisure time physical activity, and self‐reported frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption. Population survey weights were employed throughout and analytic models were adjusted for known confounders (nunweighted = 11,910).

Results

The weighted prevalence of migraine was 9.7% (95% CI: 9.1%, 10.2%). Odds of migraine increased as number of stressors increased: 1 early life stressor (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.39), and ≥ 2 early life stressors (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.76), compared to no stress. There was evidence of effect modification by physical activity (χ2(4) = 16.02,P < .001). The association between 1 early life stressor and migraine was lower for those who were physically active (moderately active: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.61; active: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.11). This difference was not apparent for those who experienced 2 or more early life stressors (moderately active: OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.17; active: OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.99). Across all levels of early life stress, physically active respondents had lower odds of migraine than moderately active respondents. There was no effect modification by vegetable, fruit, and total fruit/vegetable consumption.

Conclusions

Stressors experienced early in life are associated with migraine, and physical activity may ameliorate this relationship, particularly for those with exposure to a minimal level of early life stress. A higher dose of physical activity may yield greater benefit than a less intensive dose (ie, moderate activity level). However, the cross‐sectional nature of this study precludes us from inferring causality, and future investigation requires prospectively collected data.
Risk Factors for the Development of Post‐Traumatic Headache Attributed to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andersen Amalie M. , Ashina Håkan , Iljazi Afrim , Al‐Khazali Haidar M. , Chaudhry Basit , Ashina Messoud , Ashina Sait , Schytz Henrik W.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To systematically identify risk factors for the development of post‐traumatic headache (PTH) attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI) as defined in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD).

Background

PTH is a common sequela of TBI and a leading cause of injury‐related disability worldwide. However, little is known about risk factors for the development of PTH attributed to TBI.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Embase for literature on risk factors for the development ofacuteand/orpersistentPTH attributed to TBI in accordance with any version of the ICHD. Original studies published in English and of prospective, cross‐sectional or retrospective design were considered for the review. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 investigators.

Results

Of 1993 potentially relevant articles identified, 3 articles met the inclusion criteria. The following risk factors were assessed for the development ofacutePTH: age, sex, type of injury, loss of consciousness, previous TBIs, history of primary headache disorders, history of chronic pain condition other than headache, current treatment for depression/anxiety, attention or learning disorders, body mass index, and other diseases (not further specified). None of the included studies assessed risk factors for the development ofpersistentPTH.

Conclusions

We found that there is little evidence for any risk factors involved in the development ofacutePTH, whereas no study had assessed risk factors for the development of persistent PTH. Further studies are warranted and should be powered to examine possible risk factors for the development of PTH. Rigorous methodology and standardized monitoring should be prioritized to support high‐quality research and validate potential findings.