bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A glycomic workflow for LC–MS/MS analysis of urine glycosaminoglycan biomarkers in mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Nilsson Jonas , Persson Andrea , Vorontsov Egor , Nikpour Mahnaz , Noborn Fredrik , Larson Göran , Blomqvist Maria
Published: July 2023

In recent years, several rational designed therapies have been developed for treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are accumulated in various tissues and organs. Thus, improved disease-specific biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy are of paramount importance. Specific non-reducing end GAG structures (GAG-NREs) have become promising biomarkers for MPS, as the compositions of the GAG-NREs depend on the nature of the lysosomal enzyme deficiency, thereby creating a specific pattern for each subgroup. However, there is yet no straightforward clinical laboratory platform which can assay all MPS-related GAG-NREs in one single analysis. Here, we developed and applied a GAG domain mapping approach for analyses of urine samples of ten MPS patients with various MPS diagnoses and corresponding aged-matched controls. We describe a nano-LC–MS/MS method of GAG-NRE profiling, utilizing 2-aminobenzamide reductive amination labeling to improve the sensitivity and the chromatographic resolution. Diagnostic urinary GAG-NREs were identified for MPS types IH/IS, II, IIIc, IVa and VI, corroborating GAG-NRE as biomarkers for these known enzyme deficiencies. Furthermore, a significant reduction of diagnostic urinary GAG-NREs in MPS IH (n = 2) and MPS VI (n = 1) patients under treatment was demonstrated. We argue that this straightforward glycomic workflow, designed for the clinical analysis of MPS-related GAG-NREs in one single analysis, will be of value for expanding the use of GAG-NREs as biomarkers for MPS diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Throwing Good Money After Bad: Risk Mitigation Strategies in the P2P Lending Platforms
Authors: Bao Tianzi , Ding Yi , Gopal Ram , Möhlmann Mareike
Published: July 2023

The success of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms has proven inconsistent and uneven over time and geography. This paper aims to strengthen our understanding of the market evolution through an analysis of risks on P2P lending platforms, which can be significantly affected by the way the platform design, regulatory structural building, nature of the transaction, and interdependencies between organizational components. We extend the social-technical model and create a systematic framework to map and analyze the financial risks from a hybrid financial and organizational approach. By implementing textual and statistical analysis on a dataset from Renrendai platform, we found that risks are generated not only from the stakeholders but also due to the weaknesses of interdependencies between organizational components and platform design. We also utilize our models to investigate why some P2P platforms such as LendingClub and Upstart (US), Renrendai (China), and Zopa (UK) have succeeded or failed from both finance and IS perspectives, and further propose potential risk-mitigation strategies for P2P lending platforms.
Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Human, Economic, Social, and Psychological Capital
Authors: Delhey Jan , Hess Stephanie , Boehnke Klaus , Deutsch Franziska , Eichhorn Jan , Kühnen Ulrich , Welzel Christian
Published: July 2023

A cornerstone of well-being research is that the resource-rich are happier with their lives than the resource-poor and better positioned to cope with stressful life events. This paper addresses the role of various resources—human, economic, social, and psychological capital—in life satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic, using panel data from Germany and the United Kingdom for 2020 and 2021. Cross-sectionally, we find life satisfaction to be clearly related to all these forms of capital, with psychological capital being the strongest predictor of life satisfaction. Longitudinally, the capital endowments in 2020 did not predict changes in life satisfaction within individuals from 2020 to 2021, except for psychological capital. Our results suggest two things: first, the unfolding pandemic did not heighten well-being inequalities; and second, weathering the pandemic required psychological resources in the first place.
Local and global deference
Authors: Gallow J. Dmitri
Published: July 2023

A norm of local expert deference says that your credence in an arbitrary proposition A, given that the expert’s probability for A is n, should be n. A norm of global expert deference says that your credence in A, given that the expert’s entire probability function is E, should be E(A). Gaifman taught us that these two norms are not equivalent. Stalnaker conjectures that Gaifman’s example is “a loophole”. Here, I substantiate Stalnaker’s suspicions by providing characterisation theorems which tell us precisely when the two norms come apart. They tell us that, in a good sense, Gaifman’s example is the only case where the two norms differ. I suggest that the lesson of the theorems is that Bayesian epistemologists need not concern themselves with the differences between these two kinds of norms. While they are not strictly speaking equivalent, they are equivalent for all philosophical purposes.
A nomogram for predicting the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with solid cancers
Authors: Chen Siyu , Sun Wei , Dan Min , Sun Yue , Jiang Yongsheng
Published: July 2023

Cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are prone to poor prognoses. Thus, we aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of VTE in these patients. We retrospectively analyzed 791 patients diagnosed with solid tumors between January 2017 and May 2021 at Tongji Hospital. Univariate logistic analysis and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in this study. Our results indicated that age ≥ 60 years, tumor stages III-IV, platelet distribution width (PDW) ≤ 12.6%, albumin concentration ≤ 38.8 g/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration ≥ 198 U/L, D-dimer concentration ≥ 1.72 µg/mL, blood hemoglobin concentration ≤ 100 g/dL or the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and cancer types were independent risk factors. The nomogram prediction model was developed based on the regression coefficients of these variables. We assessed the performance of the nomogram by calibration plot and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared it with the Khorana score. The concordance index (C- index) of the nomogram was 0.852 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.823 to 0.880], while the Khorana score was 0.681 (95% CI 0.639 to 0.723). Given its performance, this nomogram could be used to select cancer patients at high risk for VTE and guide thromboprophylaxis treatment in clinical practice, provided it is validated in an external cohort.
Comparative evaluation of strategies for improving the robustness of complex networks
Authors: Socievole Annalisa , Pizzuti Clara
Published: July 2023

Designing network systems able to sustain functionality after random failures or targeted attacks is a crucial aspect of networks. This paper investigates several strategies of link selection aiming at enhancing the robustness of a network by optimizing the effective graph resistance. In particular, we study the problem of optimizing this measure through two different strategies: the addition of a non-existing link to the network and the protection of an existing link whose removal would result in a severe network compromise. For each strategy, we exploit a genetic algorithm as optimization technique, and a computationally efficient technique based on the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse matrix of the Laplacian of a graph for approximating the effective graph resistance. We compare these strategies to other state-of-the art methods over both real-world and synthetic networks finding that our proposals provide a higher speedup, especially on large networks, and results closer to those provided by the exhaustive search.
Unlikely heroes on the long and winding road to potato inbreeding
Authors: Comai Luca
Published: July 2023

Conversion of potato from a tetraploid, heterozygous, vegetatively propagated crop to a diploid F1 hybrid, propagated via botanical seed, would constitute a considerable advance for global agriculture, but faces multiple challenges. One such challenge is the difficulty in inbreeding potato, which involves purging deleterious alleles from its genome. This commentary discusses possible reasons for this difficulty and highlights a recent sequence-based effort to classify SNP variation, in potato germplasm, according to its deleterious potential. Tools and strategies connected to this database may facilitate development of F1 hybrids.
The Publications of The Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume VIII
Authors: Austin William , Elliott Jannion Steele , Fowler G. Herbert , Jenkinson Hilary , Page-Turner Frederic Augustus
Published: July 2023

Contains 'Stagsden and Its Manors', by J. Steele Elliott.
'Three Records of the Alien Priory of Grove and the Manor of Leighton Buzzard', by Robert Richmond.
 'Ancient Bedfordshire Deeds, no 3: Northill, Southill, Old Warden, etc', by F. A. Page-Turner.
'Harlington Churchwardens' Accounts', by Joseph Hight Blundell.
'Some Bedfordshire Assessments for the Taxation of a Ninth, 1297, by Mrs. Hilary Jenkinson.
'Institutions to Ecclesiastical Benefices in the County of Bedford, 1535-1660', by The Rev. Canon C. W. Foster.

Notes: I 'Declaration of Common Rights, Eaton Bray and Totternhoe, 1475', by Fred. Puttnam; II 'Catsbrook at Biscot near Luton', by William Austin; III 'Wingate of Streatley and Harlington', by Joseph Hight Blundell; IV 'Variant spelling of Thurleigh'; V 'The Meeting Place of Manshead Hundred', by G. Herbert Fowler.
Diet quality and its associated factors among adults with overweight and obesity: findings from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhao Yajie , Araki Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

The rate of adult severe obesity has been continually rising in the USA. While improving diet quality has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity, few studies have explored the differences in diet quality among adults with overweight and obesity by different weight statuses along with socio-demographic factors and physical activity using data from a nationally representative survey in the USA. The main goal of the study is to assess the diet quality of adults with overweight and obesity by examining differences in the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores, using data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Among 6746 adults with overweight and obesity (aged ≥ 20 years), severe obesity was prevalent (27 %), particularly among females, non-Hispanic Blacks and those with lower education and income. Compared to adults with overweight, adults with severe obesity had lower HEI-2015 total scores as well as component scores for total fruits, whole fruits, greens and beans, refined grains, sodium and saturated fats. Among adults with overweight and obesity, non-Hispanic Blacks had lower diet quality than non-Hispanic Asians; females had better diet quality than males; older adults had better diet quality than younger adults; adults with a college degree and above had better diet quality than those with less than a high school degree. Socio-demographic differences in diet quality and weight status should be considered in future obesity interventions to reduce adult severe obesity in the USA.
Encountering the morphological and molecular complexity in the bramble shark Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) from the Oman Sea
Authors: Morales-Ávila José Raúl , Al-Jufaili Sarah , Álvarez-Pliego Nicolás , Saldierna-Martínez Ricardo J.
Published: July 2023

This is the first simultaneous morphological and barcoding characterization with the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the bramble shark Echinorhinus from the coast of Oman. The morphology of the specimen was consistent with previous records of Echinorhinus from the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea (Northwestern Indian Ocean). However, the new COI haplotype clustered together with homologous sequences of specimens from India. The specimen from Oman distinguished morphologically and genetically from an E. brucus from the Western Atlantic Ocean on the shape and size of the dermal denticles, the proportions of twelve morphometric measurements (differences ⩾3%) and the genetic p-distance = 3.8% of the COI fragment. The haplotype reported here increases the genetic diversity in genus Echinorhinus in the Northwest Indian Ocean, demonstrates conspecificity between specimens from Oman and Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus distributed in India and extends its range of distribution. The limited morphological and molecular data available constrained assigning our specimen to other than Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus (Bonnaterrez, 1788). Our findings highlight the urgent need of morphological review, redescription and the assignment of a neotype in order to guarantee accurate species identification and thus effective conservation measures for these deep-sea sharks. The existence of a third living species in the genus is briefly discussed.
Switching between system 1 and system 2: The nature of competing intuitions and the role of disfluency
Authors: Kołeczek Maryna , Sekerdej Maciej
Published: July 2023

This commentary identifies two problems concerning the switch mechanism: The model explains too few instances of switching, and the switching mechanism itself seems fallible. The improvements we suggest are to clarify the nature of the competing intuitions as the initial intuition and its negation or alternative ways to solve the problem, and to incorporate cognitive disfluency into the switching mechanism.
WIENER TAUBERIAN THEOREMS FOR CERTAIN BANACH ALGEBRAS ON REAL RANK ONE SEMISIMPLE LIE GROUPS
Authors: RANA TAPENDU
Published: July 2023

We prove Wiener Tauberian theorem type results for various spaces of radial functions, which are Banach algebras on a real-rank-one semisimple Lie group G. These are natural generalizations of the Wiener Tauberian theorem for the commutative Banach algebra of the integrable radial functions on G.
Diversity in the genome ofAegilops tauschii, a wild wheat relative, to generate Fe-biofortified and Fe-deficiency-tolerant wheat
Authors: Nozoye Tomoko , Gorafi Yasir S. A. , Ube Naoki , Wang Fan , Nakanishi Hiromi , Ishihara Atsushi , Ishii Takayoshi , Tsujimoto Hisashi
Published: July 2023

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for all organisms. Fe deficiency can limit plant production and cause anaemia in humans. The improvement of Fe homoeostasis could resolve both problems. Fe homoeostasis inAegilops tauschii, the D genome donor of bread wheat, is not fully understood. Here, we analysed physiological traits in 42 accessions ofAe. tauschiiassociated with Fe homoeostasis, i.e. mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), phenylamides, SPAD values and metal concentrations. All traits showed diversity, suggesting the presence of candidate genes in theAe. tauschiiaccessions, which could improve Fe homoeostasis in bread wheat. All accessions mainly produced and secreted mainly 2′-deoxymugineic acid among MAs, but eight of them secreted unknown products from their roots under Fe deficiency. It was revealed that 15 kinds of phenylamides and 2 kinds of bread wheat phytoalexins were produced in Fe-deficient roots ofAe. tauschii. Multivariate and principal component analyses showed that chlorophyll content was correlated with shoot Fe concentration. Genome-wide association study analysis associated several genomic markers with the variations in each trait analysed. Our results suggest thatAe. tauschiihas alleles that could improve Fe homoeostasis to generate Fe-deficiency-tolerant or Fe-biofortified bread wheat.
Torque coordinated control of the through-the-road (TTR) 4-wheel-drive (4WD) hybrid vehicle under extreme road conditions
Authors: Fan Likang , Wang Jun , Deng Meng , Peng Yiqiang , Bao Xiuchao , Wei Hongqian
Published: July 2023

Vehicular safety is of considerable significance to the intelligent development of hybrid vehicles. However, the real-time stability control or reasonable torque distribution under the extreme road conditions remain a huge challenge due to the multiple uncertain parameters and difficulties to reconcile the handling and stability performance. To address the above problems for a through-the-road (TTR) 4-wheel-drive (4WD) hybrid vehicle, this study provides a handling and stability management (HSM) approach by incorporating the offline optimization rules and on-line model predictive control (MPC). Firstly, the vehicle dynamic model with seven degrees of freedom (7-DOF) is used to offline extract torque distribution rules (Offline-ETDR), and the online MPC feedback (Online-MPCF) is utilized to compensate the extra torque requirements for the poor effect under the extreme conditions. Accordingly, the offline optimization results and online correction are fused to provide the total torque demand given the real-time road condition detection. Finally, the real vehicle test are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed torque coordination strategy. In comparison to the vehicle with no torque control strategy, the proposed method significantly improves the vehicle's cornering ability while also ensuring the high stability performance.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and sexualised drug use among men who have sex with men: a systematic review
Authors: Connolly Dean J. , Eraslan Ece , Gilchrist Gail
Published: July 2023

Drug-related harms, including harms from sexualised drug use (SDU), are disproportionately experienced by sexual and gender minority people, relative to their majority counterparts. Chemsex, a type of SDU practiced mainly by MSM, is associated with methamphetamine use and increased HIV seropositivity or risk of acquisition. Therefore, participants are at increased risk of immunocompromise. Existing evidence suggests that drug use increases following natural disasters. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on chemsex is unknown. A PRISMA-adherent systematic review was conducted to synthesise reports of changes in the prevalence, frequency, or characteristics of drug use (and factors associated with these changes) following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This report presents findings related to SDU/chemsex among MSM. A comprehensive search across nine databases, supplemented with backward-forward citation searching and contact with key opinion leaders, was conducted. Two reviewers carried out title-abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Following a final, single database search, nine studies were included in the narrative synthesis. More than half the sample were studies investigating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Twenty percent of participants in most studies reported chemsex participation. In four, participants reported a net increase or maintenance of chemsex participation during the pandemic and five reported a net decrease. Increased chemsex participation was associated with loneliness, cravings, and working during the pandemic. Decreased chemsex practice was associated with COVID-19-related fear. This synthesis suggests that chemsex practice continued, and for some MSM increased, throughout COVID-19 pandemic ‘lockdowns’. This may have increased COVID-19 transmission and severity among potentially vulnerable MSM.
Turbine effect on dental students’ lateral pinch modulation and performances
Authors: Lugassy D , Khalaily M , Shely A , Levanon Y , Portnoy S , Brosh T
Published: July 2023

Background

Dental turbines can generate significant vibrations that may be transmitted to dentists’ hands. The vibrations contribute to neural impairment and decrease dexterity over the long duration. It is unclear whether such vibration effects would be detected in the short time during the pre-clinical year of dentistry study.

Aims

To investigate the effect of vibrations on lateral pinch modulation and manual performance of dentistry students.

Methods

Four lateral pinch modulation tests by a square-shaped force sensing resistor (FSR) were administered to 30 dental students during their phantom course. Tests were performed with dominant and non-dominant hands at two time points: T0 (2 months after commencing phantom training) and T1 (end of phantom training). At each time point, students accomplished two manual performance tests on plastic teeth. Comparisons were made between lateral pinch modulation test scores at different times, considering the differences between hands and gender. The relationships between the FSR tests and manual performance were also determined.

Results

The participating 19 female and 11 male students had a combined 50% response rate. At T1, the lateral pinch modulation for all tests significantly decreased for the dominant hand (P < 0.05) and non-dominant hand (P < 0.05). For the non-dominant hand at T1, the lateral pinch modulation of females significantly decreased as compared to males (P < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between lateral pinch modulation and manual tasks at T0 and T1.

Conclusions

The lateral pinch modulation of the fingers of dental students deteriorated after only 8 months of training at phantom (short-time exposure), with females at higher risk and possibly earlier symptoms manifestation.
KIT/PDGFRA Variant Allele Frequency as Prognostic Factor in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Results From a Multi-Institutional Cohort Study
Authors: Incorvaia Lorena , De Biase Dario , Nannini Margherita , Fumagalli Elena , Vincenzi Bruno , De Luca Ida , Brando Chiara , Perez Alessandro , Pantaleo Maria A , Gasperoni Silvia , D’Ambrosio Lorenzo , Grignani Giovanni , Maloberti Thais , Pedone Erika , Bazan Russo Tancredi Didier , Mazzocca Alessandro , Algeri Laura , Dimino Alessandra , Barraco Nadia , Serino Roberta , Gristina Valerio , Galvano Antonio , Bazan Viviana , Russo Antonio , Badalamenti Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Background

The patient selection for optimal adjuvant therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is provided by nomogram based on tumor size, mitotic index, tumor location, and tumor rupture. Although mutational status is not currently used to risk assessment, tumor genotype showed a prognostic influence on natural history and tumor relapse. Innovative measures, such as KIT/PDGFRA-mutant-specific variant allele frequency (VAF) levels detection from next-generation sequencing (NGS), may act as a surrogate of tumor burden and correlate with prognosis and overall survival of patients with GIST, helping the choice for adjuvant treatment.

Patients and Methods

This was a multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective/prospective cohort study to investigate the prognostic role of KIT or PDGFRA-VAF of GIST in patients with radically resected localized disease. In the current manuscript, we present the results from the retrospective phase of the study.

Results

Two-hundred (200) patients with GIST between 2015 and 2022 afferent to 6 Italian Oncologic Centers in the EURACAN Network were included in the study. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was used to classify “low” vs. “high” VAF values, further normalized on neoplastic cellularity (nVAF). When RFS between the low and high nVAF groups were compared, patients with GIST with KIT/PDGFRA nVAF > 50% showed less favorable RFS than patients in the group of nVAF ≤ 50% (2-year RFS, 72.6% vs. 93%, respectively; P = .003). The multivariable Cox regression model confirmed these results. In the homogeneous sub-population of intermediate-risk, patients with KIT-mutated GIST, the presence of nVAF >50% was statistically associated with higher disease recurrence.

Conclusion

In our study, we demonstrated that higher nVAF levels were independent predictors of GIST prognosis and survival in localized GIST patients with tumors harboring KIT or PDGFRA mutations. In the cohort of intermediate-risk patients, nVAF could be helpful to improve prognostication and the use of adjuvant imatinib.
‘Fearann Oirghiall Ghlúnmhár Ghrínn’
Authors: Trimble Gearóid
Published: July 2023

This chapter examines the fortunes of an evolving Gaelic song tradition that had begun to flourish in south-east Ulster from the seventeenth century onwards. A critical review of the early documentary sources illustrates a well-established, albeit once-elusive, literary tradition that only began to fully reveal itself from the end of the nineteenth century onwards, in both manuscript and oral tradition. The living oral sources of the period held a precious repertoire of poetry and song which they had accumulated over generations of oral transmission, one which arguably captures the true extent and inherent quality of this region’s rich culture of song that has come to characterise this region and its people for over three hundred years.
Policy Hubs and the Formation of Economic Regulatory Norms
Authors: Kovacic William E.
Published: July 2023

The regulation of Big Tech is a matter of intense global concern. Multiplicity is a notable element of the regulatory response. Numerous, parallel efforts have emerged within a number of jurisdictions to expand the enforcement of existing laws and to create new ex ante regulatory mechanisms. The pursuit of solutions to perceived problems arising from the extraordinary growth of Big Tech enterprises confronts economic regulators with unprecedented challenges as they seek to understand highly dynamic commercial sectors and integrate learning from a variety of policy domains and professional disciplines. This chapter considers the contributions that academic research institutions—“academic hubs”—can play in devising sound regulatory strategies and facilitating adoption, within and across jurisdictions, of superior norms regarding the substance and process of regulatory oversight.
The Middle Essays and Reviews
Authors: Scavino Dardo
Published: July 2023

Jorge Luis Borges’s essays revolve around three concepts he adopted in the early 1930s and continued to use until his final days, through under a variety of names: figuration, prefiguration, and transfiguration. At times he called them superstition, omen, and echo; other times modesty, precursor, and repetition. In the essays of Other Inquisitions and in other later texts, this trilogy would gradually assume a metaphysical status resulting from an ever-widening understanding of writing, which, according to Borges, is a part of the world but is also its totality. Time, memory, and personal and universal history would become dimensions of writing: anything that figures among the things of the world is, in fact, a thing—a discreet transfiguration of something that has already happened and an enigmatic prefiguration of something yet to come. Este artículo aborda tres conceptos de los ensayos de Jorge Luis Borges a partir de los años treinta: la figuración, la prefiguración y la transfiguración. A partir de Otras inquisiciones, y otros textos de la madurez, esa trilogía fue asumiendo un estatuto metafísico. Cualquier cosa que pueble este mundo tiene para Borges un estatuto de figura, transfiguración de algo que sucedió y prefiguración de algo que sucederá.
Borges and Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Herzovich Guido
Published: July 2023

A central writer in Argentina since the 1920s, then hailed in Europe and the United States as a “universal” master since the 1960s, Borges has been both a captivating and a controversial figure for postcolonial and world-literary perspectives since the 1990s. These latter readings contested previous “universalist” ones, generally framed by poststructuralist and postmodern concerns. From Edna Aizenberg’s early “Borges, postcolonial precursor” to Robin Fiddian’s recent Postcolonial Borges, postcolonial readings of Borges have emphasized his belonging either to Buenos Aires, to Latin America, or to the periphery. This article examines how these attempts to reclaim him have been intertwined with political, cultural, and infrastructural transformations, which have accelerated the international circulation of literature while marginalizing its significance in politics and society.
Understanding Immigrant Labor Market Stratification
Authors: Kogan Irena , Kosyakova Yuliya
Published: July 2023

The chapter outlines a conceptual framework for understanding the immigrant labor market stratification adopted in Western (primarily European) scholarship, which incorporates both individual and contextual factors. Explanations for immigrant stratification patterns at the individual level further consider the two-sided nature of immigrant labor market incorporation, examining both immigrants and the receiving society. The chapter presents major theoretical developments and empirical findings in the field, but also identifies several unresolved issues. It discusses how the case of recent refugee migration can shed light on these controversies. The chapter concludes by highlighting the potential of refugee research for contributing to a more general understanding of immigrant labor market stratification.
‘Never to leave that valley’
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: July 2023

The Sligo of Yeats’s poetry is largely County Sligo, especially in his successful early work, which includes poems such as ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’, ‘The Stolen Child’, ‘The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland’, and ‘The Fiddler of Dooney’. Much of Yeats’s earlier prose work, too, depends heavily on County Sligo for its settings and sources: before he was Augusta Gregory’s co-worker in folkloric field research in County Galway, the poet had plenty of experience in collecting and recycling stories from the Sligo area. Yeats could do little about being known persistently as the poet of Sligo; but he was also, and more consequentially, the poet who left Sligo and who (at least until his eventual burial in Drumcliff churchyard) did not return there to stay.
A Country Over Wave
Authors: Manabe Akiko
Published: July 2023

W. B. Yeats’s encounter with Japan was influenced by intellectuals from various countries and created a completely new art form, removed from the established Western tradition. This chapter evaluates Yeats’s influence by Japanese artists and the reception of Japanese culture in Western modernism. It investigates the impact on his experiments with traditional Noh and kyogen theatre, collectively referred to as nogaku, which had been simultaneously developed in Japan during the fourteenth century. It also discusses how Yeats integrated both tragic and comic versions of Japanese drama in Noh and kyogen plays in his dramaturgy, and ends with a consideration of recent productions of Yeats’s playsin Japan.
The Ghost of Parnell
Authors: Foster R. F.
Published: July 2023

Conor Cruise O’Brien memorably defined the history of the generation before we were born as ‘a twilit zone of time’, never quite belonging to the larger historical experience. Rather, it is a site of impressions and assumptions acquired from supposed ‘memories’ which are actually derived from our parents’ recollections, and a sense of continuity dependent upon ‘the personality, opinions, and talkativeness of our elder relations’. Elsewhere, O’Brien referred to Parnell’s mysterious but charismatic persona posthumously ‘deviating from politics into literature’, a process particularly manipulated by W. B. Yeats. This is true, but the manner in which Yeats absorbed and used the memory of Parnell is at once more direct and more distanced than first appears. In Yeats’s case, evaluating the influence of literary Parnellism requires a careful examination of chronology, omission, and political context.
W. B. Yeats, John Quinn, and the Literary Marketplace
Authors: Hassett Joseph
Published: July 2023

The American lawyer John Quinn, who first met Yeats on a visit to Ireland in 1902 and became a supportive patron of the poet, contributed significantly to the creation of W. B. Yeats and the marketing of his work in the US. As a supporter, Quinn played many roles in Yeats’s life, including those of agent, lawyer, promoter, lecture tour organizer, publicist, would-be editor, advisor, friend, and rival. Their relationship was also one of conflict, but even the conflicts between the two men can be seen as flashpoints that illuminate aspects of Quinn’s highly productive role in the literary marketplace for Yeats’s work.
Modernist Accommodations
Authors: Walker Tom
Published: July 2023

Yeats has proved tricky to accommodate within accounts of modernist poetry. This has led to an attempt to extricate Yeats from the very story of modernist poetry, a retrospective critical paradigm that has damagingly dominated the anglophone literary academy since the late 1960s. Whether seeking to connect or disassociate Yeats from modernism, though, most critical assessments have broadly followed a traditional understanding of modernism as a loose affiliation of movements, while recent decades have seen attempts to reckon with modernism in other terms, in particular the sociological perspectives of the so-called ‘New Modernist Studies’. The publication practice pursued by Yeats from the early 1900s on, whereby initial limited-edition publications from his sister’s Dun Emer/Cuala Press were followed by trade editions, and the shifting textuality and materiality of Yeats’s publications, were as much a part of his modernism as developments in style and subject matter. Yeats has been a significant presence within modernism’s institutionalization—as attested to by the poet’s prominence in modernist journals such as The Little Review and The Dial. His work as the embodiment of his artistic personality has already become instituted as a protagonist in a broader cultural drama, transforming himself into a representative figure within what is coming to be perceived as a cultural epoch.
Late Style
Authors: Chapman Wayne K.
Published: July 2023

This chapter discusses the poetry that W. B. Yeats wrote after the first edition of The Collected Poems (1933), considering his failing health and the stated aims of ‘A General Introduction for my Work’, in which he developed a self-styled theory of ‘talking’ or ‘singing’ in verse to convey the impression of ‘passionate syntax’ in poems of the period 1936–9. The chapter examines, then, the fundamentals of late style as defined recently by Edward Said, although in terms of the competing arrangements of texts that have made ambiguity and contradiction incident to the interpretation of Yeats’s life. The body of work examined here was first collected in New Poems (Cuala Press, 1938) and Last Poems and Two Plays (Cuala Press, 1939), juxtaposed to the divergent order of Last Poems and Plays (Macmillan, 1940).
The 1930s
Authors: Gillis Alan
Published: July 2023

It is useful to perceive Yeats as a ‘thirties’ poet. If the thirties were experienced as a growing crisis, Yeats certainly perceived Ireland to be partaking in the turmoil, and the way in which he explored, reacted to, and pushed back against this sense of a calamitous zeitgeist was fascinating, if idiosyncratic. His work offers a wilfully subjective and imaginative means of perceiving the world differently and gives us a greater stake in reality, suggesting why Yeats’s poetry might still be essential to us today—warts and all. The erosion of objectivity, the lack of checks upon our certitudes, leave us lacking proper measure in the midst of change. Poetry in the face of the world’s accelerating crises may well be like a mere fly upon the fast-moving surface of things. But Yeats’s work suggests that might not be nothing.
The gap before real clinical application of imaging-based machine-learning and radiomic models for chemoradiation outcome prediction in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Zhi , Gong Jie , Li Jie , Sun Hongfei , Pan Yanglin , Zhao Lina
Published: July 2023

Background:

Due to tumoral heterogeneity and the lack of robust biomarkers, the prediction of chemoradiotherapy response and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is challenging. The goal of this study was to assess the study quality and clinical value of machine learning and radiomic-based quantitative imaging studies for predicting the outcomes of EC patients after chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods:

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for eligible articles. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), Image Biomarkers Standardization Initiative (IBSI) Guideline, and Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement, as well as the modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. A meta-analysis of the evidence focusing on predicting chemoradiotherapy response and outcome in EC patients was implemented.

Results:

Forty-six studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis. The mean RQS score was 9.07, with an adherence rate of 42.52%. The adherence rates of the TRIPOD and IBSI were 61.70 and 43.17%, respectively. Ultimately, 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis, of which 16 studies had a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (0.76–0.89), 0.83 (0.79–0.86), and 0.84 (0.81–0.87) in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy datasets, as well as 0.84 (0.75–0.93), 0.89 (0.83–0.93), and 0.93 (0.90–0.95) in definitive chemoradiotherapy datasets, respectively. Moreover, radiomics could distinguish patients from the low-risk and high-risk groups with different disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled hazard ratio: 3.43, 95% CI 2.39–4.92) and overall survival (pooled hazard ratio: 2.49, 95% CI 1.91–3.25). The results of subgroup and regression analyses showed that some of the heterogeneity was explained by the combination with clinical factors, sample size, and usage of the deep learning (DL) signature.

Conclusions:

Noninvasive radiomics offers promising potential for optimizing treatment decision-making in EC patients. However, it is necessary to make scientific advancements in EC radiomics regarding reproducibility, clinical usefulness analysis, and open science categories. Improved model reporting of study objectives, blind assessment, and image processing steps are required to help promote real clinical applications of radiomics in EC research.
Utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and their influential factors of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: A large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study from 1997-2021
Authors: Meng Fangang , Hu Wei , Wang Shu , Tam Joseph , Gao Yuan , Zhu Xian Lun , Chan Danny Tat Ming , Poon Wai Sang , Poon Tak Lap , Cheung Fung Ching , Taw Benedict Beng Teck , Li Lai Fung , Chen Shin Yuan , Chan Ka Ming , Wang Anxin , Xu Qin , Han Chunlei , Bai Yutong , Shukla Aparna Wagle , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Lozano Andres M , Zhang Jianguo ,   for the DBS-PDCC collaborators
Published: July 2023

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging effective therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about its utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and their influential factors.

Materials and methods:

This large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using a national census involving 74 Chinese centers. National DBS populations and centers for PD were investigated in 1997-2021, and regional sociodemographic features, surgical populations, related resources, and insurance policies in 2020 were explored.

Results:

From the first DBS surgery in 1997, a total of 38,122 PD patients from 349 centers underwent DBS by 2021, which covered 1.118% (1.108-1.129) of patients and 0.954% (0.933-0.976) of centers. Significant upward trends in the annual surgical population and coverages were observed with rapid climbing rates, while the annual surgical center and their coverage showed two growth peaks in 2002-2006 and 2010-2018, correlating with clinical approvals and new technologies. A total of 103,070 (51,165-154,975) PD patients [2.088% (1.351-2.825) coverage] and 603 (72-1,134) centers [1.356% (1.126-1.586) coverage] are predicted to conduct DBS by 2030. The new remotely programmed DBS technology was recoded as the first application in 2015 and rapidly increased to 2,771 (47.39%, 46.11-48.67) patients with 10,507 remote programming sessions annually in 2021. Provinces in the eastern and central regions had better economic status, more surgical patients, higher insurance affordability, and more related resources than those in the western and northeastern regions. Higher gross domestic product per capita (β=5.041, 3.324-6.758 andβ=0.008, 0.004-0.012; allP<0.001) and more functional neurosurgery doctors (β=3.596, 0.353-6.839;P=0.031 andβ=0.010, 0.002-0.017;P=0.013) positively influenced surgical populations and coverages, while higher insurance levels (β=128.888, 64.702-193.075;P<0.001) positively influenced surgical coverages.

Conclusions:

Although surgical populations, centers, and coverages of DBS for PD have rapidly improved and are predicted to show future increases, this is still insufficient to cover potential eligible patients. Regionally imbalanced health coverage should be given attention to promote coordinated development.
Local Adaptive Mapping of Karyotype Fitness Landscapes
Authors: Beck Richard J , Andor Noemi
Published: July 2023

Aneuploidy occurs in most solid tumors and has the potential to dramatically modify cellular phenotype and fitness. Despite the importance of aneuploidy in tumor evolution, quantitative understanding of the evolutionary landscape of aneuploidy is lacking. To address this question, we developed a method to infer the fitness landscape of either arm-level or whole-chromosome level karyotypes. Our method takes longitudinal single cell sequencing data from an evolving cell population as input, then estimates the fitness of thousands of karyotypes located near to the input data in karyotype space. The predictive ability of the method was validated using artificial data generated from an agent based model, as well as data from a selection of in vitro and in vivo passaged cell lines. We applied our pipeline to an in vitro dataset of serially passaged cells and - based on topological analysis of the fitness landscape around diploid and tetraploid karyotypes - found support for the hypothesis that whole genome doubling benefits tumour cells by conferring robustness against missegregations.
Megakaryocyte infection by SARS-CoV-2 drives the formation of pathogenic afucosylated IgG antibodies in mice
Authors: Mabrouk Meryem , Jalali Farid , Zaid Nabil , Naya Abdallah , Khyatti Meriem , Khalki Loubna , Guessous Fadila , Zaid Younes
Published: July 2023

More than 90% of total human plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) is found in a fucosylated form, but specific IgGs with low core fucosylation (afucosylated IgGs) are found in response to infections with enveloped viruses and to alloantigens on blood cells. Afucosylated IgGs mediate immunopathology in severe COVID-19 and dengue fever in humans. In COVID-19, the early formation of non-neutralizing afucosylated IgG against the spike protein predicts and directly mediates disease progression to severe form. IgG lacking core fucosylation causes dramatically increased antibody-dependent cellular toxicity mediated by intense FcγR-mediated stimulation of macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, and platelets. The mechanism and the context within which afucosylated IgG formation occurs in response to enveloped virus antigens have remained elusive thus far in COVID-19, dengue fever, and other infections. This study demonstrates that administration of human bone marrow megakaryocytes infected by SARS-CoV-2 into the circulation of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice drives the formation of pathogenic afucosylated anti-spike IgG antibodies, and is sufficient to reproduce severe COVID-19 manifestations of pulmonary vascular thrombosis, acute lung injury, and death in mice.
Evidence for the macroevolutionarily optimal mutation rate
Authors: Irlam Gordon
Published: July 2023

It has been hypothesized that evolution tunes spontaneous mutation rates in sexual species towards population optimal values. By comparing substitution rates at nonsynonymous and synonymous sites in the genomes of a number of related eukaryotic species pairs the approximate range of some key mutation related parameters is determined. For eukaryotes, the rate of occurrence of beneficial, or adaptive, mutational prospects that can subsequently mutate and fix is found to typically be in the range 10−3to 10−2population wide prospective sites per sexual generation. Deleterious, or negative, sites are typically created at the rate 10−1to 100sites per haploid genome per sexual generation. And the spontaneous mutation rate is typically in the range 10−9to 10−8mutations per base pair per sexual generation. Using the values of these parameters, implied population sizes are computed based on the assumption of population optimal spontaneous mutation rates. Implied population sizes appear highly reasonable. This adds evidence to the hypothesis that macroevolution tunes spontaneous mutation rates towards population optimal values.
Postingestive reinforcement is conserved in obesity and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriela , Fernandes Ana B. , Oliveira Francisco P.M. , Duarte João S. , Oliveira Maria , Limbert Clotilde , Costa Rui M. , Costa Durval C. , Oliveira-Maia Albino J.
Published: July 2023

Postingestive reward contributes to acquisition of food preferences, mediated by striatal dopamine, with assessment in humans, while challenging, suggesting blunted brain responses to postingestive nutrient stimulation in obesity. To perform postingestive conditioning in humans, we used carboxymethylcellulose, a food thickener, to optimize conditions where maltodextrin, an insipid carbohydrate, was not detectable by sensory cues (n=159). In the resulting Flavour Nutrient Conditioning protocol using flavoured yoghurts, where one flavour was paired with maltodextrin (+102 Kcal, CS+) and another with carboxymethylcellulose (+1.8 Kcal, CS-), we found that in healthy volunteers (n=52), preference for CS+increased after conditioning, when assessed according to intake, with no effects on pleasantness scores. This protocol and [123I] IBZM SPECT, to assess availability of striatal dopamine D2-like receptors (DD2lR) were applied in a clinical study (n=61) with pre-bariatric candidates with obesity, weight-stable patients after surgery, and an additional group of healthy controls. Conditioning was conserved among participants in the clinical study, and did not differ significantly between the 3 groups. However, striatal DD2lR availability was reduced in patients from the obesity group, when compared both to healthy volunteers and the surgical group. Importantly, in exploratory analyses, DD2lR availability was strongly correlated with conditioning strength, as well as a measure of restrained eating, but only in patients with gastric bypass. These results suggest that postingestive reinforcement, while conserved in obesity and after bariatric surgery, may be associated to post-surgery recovery of central dopaminergic homeostasis and to changes in feeding behaviour after gastric bypass.