bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scoring completion effectiveness in unconventional horizontal wells using 3D seismic attributes
Authors: Staples Evan , Smith Brackin
Published: January 2016

Using a multihorizontal well-completion pilot in an unconventional oil field in the Lower 48 (contiguous United States) Midcontinent, a workflow is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal-well completions through 3D surface-seismic attributes and microseismic data. Three-dimensional surface seismic is often continuous over unconventional fields and provides a measurement in areas where no other data are available. In addition, microseismic is the only geophysical data that allows us to “see” the apparent hydraulic-fracture zone around a wellbore. Using these two geophysical tools integrated with engineering and geologic data such as image logs, total proppant, number of stages, estimates of fracture length and height, permeability, chemical tracers, and production rates, a “geophysical completion scorecard” is developed to evaluate a multiwell horizontal pilot and apply it to additional wells drilled outside the pilot in an effort to predict their completion effectiveness. A postdrill review of production rates in those wells shows good correlation to the scorecard's predictions of completion effectiveness.
Updating the low-frequency model in time-lapse seismic inversion: A case study from a heavy-oil steam-injection project
Authors: Mesdag Peter R. , Saberi M. Reza , Mangat Cheran
Published: January 2016

A workflow to update the time-lapse low-frequency model in a data-driven manner in time-lapse inversion studies is applied to a heavy-oil reservoir produced using the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method. The base seismic survey and the difference between the base and monitor surveys are inverted in two separate inversion runs, and no assumptions are made regarding the reservoir changes or the relationships between elastic or reservoir parameters. The effects of production are estimated from the inversion of the difference between the base and monitor surveys. This information is used to update the low-frequency model in the time-lapse sense. A good match can be observed between the inversion results and other available information from the field, confirming the validity of the method.
Using nonseismic data to aid velocity model building and complex imaging: A case study from western China
Authors: Cui Yongfu , Chen Meng , Duan WenSheng , Liu YunXiang , Zhao RuiRui , Ji Xin , Kang Wei , Yang Sherman , Li Rong , Liu Qinglin , Mantovani Marco , Battaglini Alessandra , De Luca Luciana
Published: January 2016

A workflow for inverting high-velocity conglomerates by simultaneous joint inversion (SJI) of seismic and nonseismic data was developed during a depth-migration project using land 3D data sets from western China. Large localized velocity variations caused by conglomerates severely limited the effectiveness of ray-based seismic tomography in generating an accurate velocity field. Single-domain inversion indicated different responses of particular lithologies for various nonseismic methods, and well-log crossplots enabled estimation of the relationships between models generated from different geophysical measurements. Using the high-resistivity property of the conglomerates, SJI of seismic first-break and magnetotelluric (MT) data was conducted to estimate spatial thickness and velocity. Combining the relatively low-resolution information derived from the MT data with the higher-resolution seismic image, the distribution of conglomerates could be interpreted with the help of well markers and well-logging horizons. The velocity model then was adjusted iteratively. The model that was updated by using the SJI workflow showed better consistency with borehole data compared with the initial tomographic model. The depth-migrated image created by using the updated model showed more geologically plausible structures both at target level and in the overburden.
How do submarines use gravity gradients to avoid collisions with underwater mountains?
Authors: Cevallos Carlos
Published: January 2016

Gravity gradiometers in use today have their origins in naval special warfare because they ensure safe navigation and accurate detection of underwater objects. Submarines rely on accurate detection of their surroundings, and gravity gradiometry is a passive technique that does not compromise the submarine's position because it is a technique that does not emit energy. However, the way submarines achieve collision avoidance has never been addressed. Using gravity gradiometry data in real time warns of the existence of an underwater mountain in a submarine's trajectory. The method does not require accurate positioning, extensive measuring over large areas, or a gravity-gradient map of the ocean bottom. The results of a study demonstrate how gravity gradiometry can be used effectively to detect anomalous mass in a trajectory quickly, without involving sophisticated processing or interpretation algorithms. For many years, geophysicists have known the original use of the modern gravity-gradiometry technique without going into the details.
Semblance, coherence, and other discontinuity attributes
Authors: Kington Joe
Published: January 2016

Discontinuity calculations, also called coherence or semblance, are some of the most commonly used seismic attributes. They measure the amount of similarity between adjacent seismic traces. However, there are several types of discontinuity estimates and a plethora of names for similar attributes. As a result, it can be difficult to understand the differences among them. Although the discontinuity algorithm that any particular software package uses might be unknown, most are based on one of a few published methods. Understanding published discontinuity attributes gives insight into the trade-offs among different proprietary implementations. Therefore, in this tutorial and the accompanying Jupyter notebook, we will explore simplified Python implementations of a few widely used discontinuity algorithms.
NAPE Expo to take the Intermountain West Region by storm once again
Authors: Ledford Megan
Published: January 2016

Whether in an up or down market, the North American Petroleum Exposition (NAPE) continues to be the only place that brings together the upstream oil and gas industry with the intent to “get business done.” As the United States continues to find stability in the ever-changing operating environment, the industry faces new opportunities, challenges, and risks. With this in mind, oil and gas professionals from around the country will gather in the Mile High City when NAPE will host its third annual Denver NAPE in December. The Denver, Colorado, expo offers exhibitors and attendees a marketplace for networking and deal making in a setting more intimate than NAPE's Houston-based expos, while still bringing together the people and players who have firsthand knowledge of the opportunities and prospects throughout the area.
Remote passive acoustic monitoring: Listening for whales and dolphins from the safety of land
Authors: Johnston Phil , Baruwa Sherry , Wyatt Roy
Published: January 2016

Remote passive acoustic monitoring (RPAM) is a new technology that enables the acoustic monitoring of marine mammals from an onshore location. Acoustic data are transferred in real time via satellite link from an at-sea passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system. From anywhere in the world, an RPAM operator can detect, listen to, and track vocalizing whales and dolphins, potentially reducing the number of operators at sea.
SEG Deepwater Exploration Workshop, Shenzhen, China
Authors: Liaw Alfred
Published: January 2016

The SEG Deepwater Exploration Workshop was held successfully 20–22 September 2015 at the Hilton Shenzhen Shekou Nanhai Hotel in Shenzhen, China. Coorganizing this workshop with SEG were the China Offshore Oilfield Services Limited (COSL) and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). The workshop, “Innovative Solutions for Deepwater Exploration Challenges,” provided an international platform for worldwide geoscientists who work on deepwater exploration to share their research insights and formulate innovative solutions to these challenges. Alfred Liaw of SEG China and Weiliang Dong of COSL cochaired the workshop's technical program. COSL, Schlumberger, CGG, the SEG Foundation, and Tullow Oil PLC were generous sponsors of the event.
Reviews
Authors: Brittan John , Liu Lanbo
Published: January 2016

Waves and Rays in Elastic Continua, Third Edition, by Michael A. Slawinski, ISBN 978-981-4641-75-3, 2015, World Scientific, 656 p., US$138. Geophysical Exploration Technology: Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic Reservoirs, by Ming Li and Yimin Zhao, ISBN 978-0-12-410436-5, 2014, Elsevier and Petroleum Industry Press, 449 p., US$130 (print or eBook), US$156 (eBook and print).
State of the Net
Authors: Posey Chris
Published: January 2016

With each year's passing comes the exciting anticipation of what the new year will bring. We at SEG are excited about the changes that our members will be able to witness across our various online channels, including the SEG Web site, e-mail, and social-media venues this coming year. Here is what you can expect to see as the calendar changes from 2015 to 2016.
Empregabilidade e Inserção Profissional: Expectativas e Valores dos Participantes de Empresas Juniores
Authors: Lemos Ana Heloísa Da Costa , Costa Alessandra Mello da , Viana Mila Desouzart de Aquino
Published: January 2016

A percepção de que a inserção em uma empresa júnior tem impacto positivo na empregabilidade de seus ex-integrantes é um aspecto de atração que essa organização exerce sobre os estudantes. Apesar desse apelo, observa-se que não são todos os universitários que se interessam por fazer parte de empresas juniores, mas apenas uma pequena parcela. O fato da inserção nessas empresas ser algo restrito a um pequeno grupo gerou o interesse em realizar uma pesquisa qualitaitiva que procurou identificar os valores que orientam as escolhas profissionais dos jovens que integram essas empresas. Os relatos dos entrevistados foram analisados vis-à-vis a tipologia de Schwartz (1992). Os resultados indicaram que os jovens entrevistados revelam motivações que encontram aderência aos tipos motivacionais auto-suficiência; estimulação; realização e poder.
Produção Científica Brasileira sobre Ensino de Administração: 1997-2010
Authors: Lourenço Cléria Donizete da Silva , Oliveira Aline Lourenço de , Silva Isabel Cristina da , Noronha Nayara Silva de , Alves Rosália Rodrigues , Castro Cleber Carvalho de
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer as características do Ensino de graduação em Administração no Brasil. Por meio da bibliometria foram analisados 349 artigos publicados nos anais do EnANPAD e do EnEPQ e em periódicos da área de administração (BAR, BASE, Cadernos Ebape, Gestão.Org, O&S, RAC, RAC-e, RAE, RAE-e, RAM, RAP, RAUSP, REAd) entre 1997 e 2010. Foram investigadas as seguintes categorias: total de artigos publicados e fonte da publicação; publicação em anais versus publicação em periódicos; produção científica por IES; autoria e filiação; números de autores por artigo; principais temáticas abordadas; classificação dos artigos; tipo de pesquisa; e sujeitos pesquisados. A análise dos resultados permite afirmar que é significativa a preocupação da comunidade acadêmica brasileira com a temática do ensino, uma vez que mais de três centenas de trabalhos foram publicados entre 1997 e 2010. Espera-se que esta análise possa colaborar para o desenvolvimento desse campo de estudo.
Inserção Profissional: Perspectivas Teóricas e Agenda de Pesquisa
Authors: Rocha-de-Oliveira Sidinei
Published: January 2016

Este artigo este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir o conceito de inserção profissional, propondo um modelo analítico e uma agenda de pesquisa para os estudos sobre o tema no Brasil. Toma-se como base principal para o levantamento teórico textos da literatura francesa em razão da longa tradição em estudos sobre inserção profissional de jovens de diferentes grupos sociais e níveis de formação realizados naquele país. Com base na ideia da inserção como construção sociohistórica, propõem-se um modelo para compreensão da que adote uma perspectiva processual considerando a articulação das características individuais, aspectos institucionais e o contexto social econômico e cultural que orientam o momento de ingresso do jovem no mercado de trabalho. Por fim, apresenta-se uma agenda de pesquisa para estudos sobre o tema.
Shopping experience no mercado de luxo: caso H. STERN
Authors: Brunelli Mariana De Queiroz , Araujo Fábio Francisco de , Barbosa Paula Gonçalves , Monteiro Ana Paula Queiroga , Fontoura Carlos Frederico Tarrisse da , Molaro Bruno
Published: January 2016

A introdução do conceito de experiência como variável chave para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva e de lealdade dos consumidores tem alterado de maneira paradigmática o discurso sobre marcas e consumo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar entender o conceito de shopping experience para a análise de aplicação deste pelas empresas. Para tal, optou-se por analisar a aplicação prática dessa abordagem por meio de um estudo de caso. A organização selecionada foi a H.Stern, pois suas características atendiam objetivamente a pretensão desta pesquisa. Os resultados apontam que esta abordagem do marketing responde muito bem às expectativas e interesses de uma empresa atuante no mercado de luxo. A pesquisa ainda revelou que o uso dos elementos do shopping experience permite criar envolvimento entre o consumidor e o universo da marca, ocasionando propaganda boca-a-boca, mais tempo dos clientes dentro das lojas e um aumento na probabilidade de fidelização dos clientes.
A carga tributária é fator de restrição para o lucro organizacional? Um olhar empresarial sobre a Teoria das Restrições
Authors: De Jesus Silva Thiago Bruno , Lima Filho Raimundo Nonato
Published: January 2016

A Teoria das Restrições prega a idéia que toda a empresa, na busca de sua meta principal que seria auferir dinheiro, esbarra em restrições que interferem e determinam o ganho. Entre as diversas restrições que se possa encontrar, a carga tributária se caracteriza em limitar um lucro organizacional. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar a contribuição da TOC na diminuição do impacto tributário, através dos Processos de Raciocínio, como instrumento coordenador das estratégias do planejamento tributário. Adotou-se a pesquisa exploratória com procedimentos em fontes secundárias e de uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter quantitativo. Utilizou-se como amostra todas as empresas do setor varejista que possuíam débitos fiscais de um determinado escritório contábil situado na cidade de Senhor do Bonfim/BA. Os resultados apontaram que, a filosofia TOC, geralmente direcionada ao processo fabril, demonstrou-se também ser útil e pertinente se aplicada ao gerenciamento tributário, subsidiando na racionalização da carga tributária.
Comunidades virtuais como grupos de referência
Authors: Leal Gabriela Pasinato , Hor-Meyll Luis Fernando , De Paula Pessôa Luis Alexandre Grubits
Published: January 2016

O estudo investigou influências de uma comunidade virtual sobre decisões de consumo, a partir da perspectiva de seus membros. Posts da comunidade “Casar é Fácil” foram estudados, buscando identificar categorias relacionadas a influências do grupo sobre decisões de consumo, seguindo-se 21 entrevistas por telefone. Comentários e entrevistas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, revelando evidências de um código de comportamento, sugerindo que a comunidade atua como grupo de referência normativo, com forte identificação entre participantes. Membros mais participativos, com experiência, ou percebidos como tendo bom gosto, são líderes de opinião. Ficaram evidentes influências em mudanças de comportamentos de consumo de membros da comunidade.
Âncoras e metáforas de carreira entre universitários
Authors: Gomes Dione Fagundes Nunes , Sala Otávia Travençolo Muniz , Tieppo Carlos Eduardo , Trevisan Leonardo Nelmi
Published: January 2016

Este artigo apresenta resultados de quatro anos de pesquisa sobre âncoras de carreira, realizada com formandos de uma universidade privada. O objetivo foi utilizar metáforas de carreira para entender a quebra da hegemonia da âncora Estilo de Vida - EV (2006 a 2008) pela âncora Criatividade Empreendedora - CE (2009). A pesquisa foi quantitativa (2006 a 2009) e qualitativa (2009) com base em estudo exploratório e descritivo que analisou as trajetórias de carreiras e as metáforas associadas às competências profissionais e às carreiras dos entrevistados. A análise não confirma as hipóteses levantadas para a ascensão da âncora CE, entretanto, fornece indicativos sobre o grau de aderência dos formandos à sua primeira âncora. Pela evocação das metáforas, o grupo da âncora EV apresenta maior fragilidade na aderência à própria âncora, ao contrário do outro grupo – o que abre espaço para se questionar a hegemonia da âncora EV nos anos anteriores.
Mudança de comportamento de empreendedores: uma análise dos tipos de empreendedores antes, durante e depois do insucesso empresarial
Authors: Minello Italo Fernando , Scherer Laura Alves
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a mudança de tipo e de características comportamentais de empreendedores antes, durante e depois do insucesso empresarial. A sustentação teórica para este artigo teve como enfoque concepções sobre empreendedor, suas tipologias e características comportamentais, e o insucesso empresarial. A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, do tipo exploratório e descritivo, e utiliza a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. As unidades de análise são representadas por sete empreendedores que vivenciaram o insucesso empresarial. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir de quatro passos de análise – caracterização do tipo de empreendedor, definição das categorias de análise a priori, sumarização da mudança de tipo de empreendedor no período de pesquisa, e aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram definidas três categorias a priori com base no foco da classificação das tipologias de cada autor: forma de atuação (VESPER, 1980); personalidade (MINER, 1996); e valores e pensamento empresarial (FILION, 1999). Como principal resultado destaca-se que o comportamento dos empreendedores entrevistados foi influenciado ao enfrentar a adversidade do insucesso empresarial, repercutindo em sua forma de atuação, personalidade, e, valores e pensamento empresarial. A partir disso, as mudanças em suas características comportamentais provocaram alteração em seu tipo de empreendedor nos diferentes momentos de pesquisa – antes, durante e depois do insucesso empresarial.
A Construção do Mercado de Estágios em Administração na cidade de Porto Alegre
Authors: Rocha-de-Oliveira Sidinei , Piccinini Valmiria
Published: January 2016

Os estágios permitem ao estudante desenvolver experiências de trabalho no seu ramo de formação, tornando-se importantes na inserção profissional desses jovens. Porém, com as mudanças no mercado de trabalho, essa modalidade tem sofrido desvios de seu projeto pedagógico original, assumindo por vezes a forma de um contrato de trabalho precário. Para aprofundar a compreensão sobre tal temática, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se organiza o mercado de estágios em Administração na cidade de Porto Alegre. Optou-se por focar na área de Administração por estar entre as mais representativas no número de ofertas de estágio. Para realização da pesquisa, foram analisados: artigos e dados de órgãos de pesquisa evidenciando as transformações nas estruturas ocupacional e educacional no país; os aspectos legais (leis 9.474 de 1977 e 11.788 de 2008); entrevistas com centros de integração (duas); representantes de instituições de ensino superior (quatro) e estudantes dos cursos de Administração de uma instituição pública (21) e uma privada (11). Verificou-se que o crescimento dos cursos superiores de administração, a heterogeneidade dos novos contratos de trabalho e a atuação de intermediários contribuem para o crescimento de um modelo de estágios distante do objetivo de formação e com a aproximação de um emprego formal. Neste cenário abre-se espaço para o surgimento de distorções, em que os estágios assumem características de contratos temporários e nem sempre há o cumprimento da legislação.
Empresas Juniores e intercâmbios em gestão: uma visão crítica
Authors: Doval Jorge Luiz Moraes
Published: January 2016

Historicamente, a visão de que o estudante do ensino superior precisa tomar contato com a realidade que estuda em sala de aula, tem assumido o tom de discurso uníssono. Este estudo visa descrever e analisar a forma como duas modalidades de aprendizagem prática se insere no contexto educacional dos cursos de gestão no Brasil: a participação empresas juniores e a realização de intercâmbios internacionais. Buscou-se analisar criticamente as atividades extraclasse oferecidas aos alunos dos cursos de gestão pelas instituições de ensino superior, como forma de proporcionar aos mesmos a chamada ‘aprendizagem na prática’. O estudo buscou estudar e descrever como ocorrem, nas instituições de ensino brasileiras, as atividades de participação de estudantes em empresas juniores e em intercâmbios internacionais. Pode-se afirmar que as oportunidades de aprendizagem na prática preconizadas pelas escolas, como é o caso das empresas juniores e dos intercâmbios internacionais, quase sempre se traduzem em modos de inculcação de conhecimentos e maneiras de agir preconizados pela lógica dominante no mercado capitalista. Porém, é fundamental acreditar que é possível uma educação, com intercâmbios e organizações de prática capazes de romper com a lógica meramente mercantil, a alienação e a intolerância, lutando em prol da emancipação humana.
Uma abordagem histórica sobre o ensino da Administração no Brasil
Authors: Pinto Vera Regina Ramos , Divo Jr Mario M.
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é o de apresentar uma abordagem histórica relacionada ao ensino da Administração no Brasil, ao longo do tempo. Buscou-se identificar um referencial bibliográfico que pontuasse o surgimento das escolas de Administração, com os respectivos cenários políticos e/ou econômicos, até a descrição do contexto atual dos cursos superiores oferecidos no país. O crescimento das matrículas no sistema de ensino superior, nas duas últimas décadas, com foco em cursos de Administração, são evidenciados nesse artigo.
EFFECT OF NI DOPING ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED ZINC ALLOY COATINGS
Authors: Diafi Malika , Belhamra Nadjette , Ben Temam Hachemi , Gasmi Brahim , Benramache Said
Published: January 2016

In this work an experimental study Zinc- nickel composite coatings was conducted. For this, the influence of the concentration of Ni is the principal object in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the deposit, which has been made by electroplating on steel substrates previously treated, have been studied by several characterization methods, as the X-ray diffraction, measurement of micro hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), protection against corrosion properties studied in a solution of 3 % NaCl in the potentiodynamic polarization measurements (Tafel), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to the potential of corrosion free. The parameters that characterize the corrosion behavior can be determined from the plots and Nyquist plots. Trends of increasing the charge transfer resistance and the decrease of capacitance values. XRD and SEM results and identify any coatings Zn-Ni alloy composition have similar phase (simple cubic γ-phase structure) and the addition of Ni in the zinc matrix increases the micro-hardness, and we note the maximum hardness is obtained for 0.2M Ni.
REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER USING CAUSTIC CALCINED MAGNESIA
Authors: Svandova Maria , Raschman Pavel , Sucik Gabriel , Dorakova Agnesa , Fedorockova Alena
Published: January 2016

Slovakia holds 4th to 5th position in the world with respect to the supplies and mining output of magnesite. The most important product of natural magnesite processing is magnesia. While dead-burnt magnesia is used for producing basic refractory materials for metallurgy and cement industry, caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) founds new applications in industries, agriculture and environment protection. Use of CCM, due to its alkaline nature, as a reactive material for remediation of wastewaters, can provide all advantages of methods based on neutralization (pH adjustment) by lime. In this study, CCM was experimentally tested as a reactive material for the removal of cations Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ from wastewaters. The effects of chemical composition of model wastewaters tested and water-to-CCM weight ratio were investigated. The results have shown that CCM is a suitable material for the removal of heavy metals, especially copper, zinc and nickel, from acid wastewaters. The efficiency of cation removal up to 100% has been observed.
COMPARISON OF THE ABILITY OF LIMESTONE AND CONCRETE TO REMOVE HEAVY METAL IONS FROM CONTAMINATED WATER
Authors: Plešingerová Beatrice , Fedoročková Alena , Jádi Nicolette , Sučik Gabriel
Published: January 2016

The dissolving potential of the Ca–minerals in concrete and limestone; and precipitation potential of metal ions from model acid water has been examined with attention to change of pH during the batch tests (L/S ratio = 300 ml /0.5 g, L = model solution with Mx+ (Ni; As; Zn; Cu; Fe) cations and (SO4)2- anion). Both of materials are the source of alkalinity-generating and move pH of acid solution to alkali region. The neutralization initiates the precipitation of metal contaminants in form of insoluble compounds. It was confirmed, that concrete is able to edit pH value more significantly at test conditions than limestone (calcite) if the initial pH of water is  1.5. Main effective compound of concrete is the portlandite – Ca(OH)2. The fact that concrete generated more alkaline environment during two hours tests the metal ions have been removed from water by concrete more effectively (100 %).
EFFECT OF LASER WELDING ON SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS SHEETS
Authors: Evin Emil , Németh Stanislav , Tomáš Miroslav
Published: January 2016

In the automotive industry considerable attention is paid to innovations oriented especially to meeting safety and environmental requirements. Concepts of vehicle safety focus on resistance of deformation zone components to impact and resistance to intrusion of undesirable fragments into the passengers´ space. In terms of these aspects the samples of the base materials from micro-alloyed steels HSLA - H220PD, DP 600 and TRIP - RAK 40/70 and also welded by solid-state fibre laser YLS-5000 were analysed. Multi-phase structure materials TRIP - RAK 40/70 and DP 600 showed considerably higher values of absorption capacity, strength, and stiffness than in case of single-phase structure material HSLA - H220PD. The greatest values of absorption capacity, strength, and stiffness were recorded in material TRIP - RAK 40/70 with ferritic matrix and a certain fraction of residual austenite, bainite, and martensite. Absorption capacity, strength, and stiffness have strong correlation with material constant K and strain hardening exponent.
FIBRE LASER WELDING OF DUAL PHASE STEELS
Authors: Švec Pavol , Schrek Alexander , Hrnčiar Viliam , Csicsó Tomáš
Published: January 2016

The fibre laser welding of two different dual phase steels HCT980X and HCT600X was evaluated. The sheets with thickness of 1.2 mm were welded using the solid-state fibre laser IPG type YLR 4500 with maximum output 4.5 kW and wave length 1060 nm at graduated beam powers and welding speeds. The microstructure of welded samples was analysed, microhardness and tensile strength were measured. The heat input influenced the microstructure of the fusion zone and heat affected zone. The microhardness increased in the fusion zone and even more in the heat affected zone of HCT980X steel, which was the consequence of martensite and bainite formation in these areas. The tensile strength of joints achieved the strength of the HCT600X steel and all joints fractured in the HCT600X base metal.
ANALYSIS OF CONTACT OF A RIGID SPHERE AGAINST A DEFORMABLE FLAT
Authors: Trzepieciński Tomasz , Bąk Łukasz , Stachowicz Feliks , Bosiakov Sergei , Rogosin Sergei
Published: January 2016

In the paper the strain hardening effect on the contact of a rigid ball and elastic-plastic flat is considered using experiments and finite element method. The experiments were carried out for DC04 steel sheet metal. The flat samples of 20 mm width and 200 mm length were straightened using uniaxial tensile test to receive different strain values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. The indentation tests were performed using a modified Zwick Roell Z030 operated in the compression mode. The diameter of bearing steel indenter was 6 mm. It was found that the strain hardening phenomenon and anisotropy of material have a great influence on the ball indentation value and the maximal indentation force. The linear dependence between the normal load and penetration depth was observed. Furthermore, it was found that the value of penetration depth for specific force value decreases non-linearly with the increase of sample strain. Pre-strained samples cut transverse to the rolling direction exhibit higher deformation resistance than samples cut along the rolling direction. The springback analysis in ABAQUS was executed for studying the actual indentation depth after the indenter is unloaded.
EXPERIMENTAL FLC DETERMINATION OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL SHEET METAL
Authors: Slota Ján , Jurčišin Miroslav , Spišák Emil , Tomáš Miroslav , Šiser Marek
Published: January 2016

To assess formability in sheet forming, experimentally determined Forming Limit Curves (FLC) are often used. These conventional FLCs represent the forming limits (i.e. onset of necking) of a sheet material subjected to in-plane deformation or almost in-plane deformation. A widely used approach to experimentally determine the onset of necking of sheet material subjected to in-plane and almost in-plane deformation is formulated in ISO 12004. The aim of this work is to investigate limit strains for deep drawing quality sheet metal of HX180BD with nominal thickness 0.6 mm. The FLC curve has been measured by implementation of Nakajima test on universal testing machine Erichsen 145-60. The Nakajima test has been measured according to EN ISO 12004-2. Limit strains have been measured using 3D photogrammetric system ARAMIS by GOM. Forming limit curve was evaluated both the section method and the time dependent technique. The resulting experimental FLC curves were compared. With the time based method for the determination of FLC a greater strain values was achieved.
INFLUENCE OF CUTTING ON THE PROPERTIES OF CLIPPINGS FROM ELECTRICAL SHEETS
Authors: Spišák Emil , Majerníková Janka , Kaščák Ľuboš , Slota Ján
Published: January 2016

During cutting, there is a plastic deformation in the cutting area and subsequent hardening of material occurs in this area. The hardening of material in the cutting area causes a change in its mechanical properties, which also has an impact on the physical properties of the material. The hardening manifests as an increase in strength, hardness and yield strength and reduction in the elongation and impact strength. The hardened area increases "watts losses" and reduces the magnetic induction in iron. The electrical resistance increases, which is related with failures in the atomic lattice. The degradation of the electrical conductivity can be explained by the fact that any defect resulting in cold forming causes a dispersion of electron waves. The magnetic properties of iron depend on the distribution of the magnetic field in the crystallographic structure. Violation of the crystallographic structure by forming destroys the magnetic field distribution. The magnetic properties get worse. In the end it causes a reduction in the efficiency of electric machines. The paper analyses the influence of cutting on microhardness in the cutting area.
CONTENTS
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: January 2016

Research papers
Letter to the Editor
Effects of abcissic acid on viability of synthetic seed of Grammatophyllum scriptum (Orchidaceae) during dried storage periods.
Authors: MULIAWATI EVITA , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , PITOYO ARI
Published: January 2016

Muliawati E, Anggarwulan E, Pitoyo A. 2015. Effects of abcissic acid on viability of synthetic seed of Grammatophyllum scriptum (Orchidaceae) during dried storage periods. Bioteknologi 13: 1-8. This research was aimed to extend the self-life of plbs of Tiger orchid (Grammatophyllum scriptum) by the development of desiccated synthetic seed, a hydrogel bead of calcium-alginate that embedded the plb inside them. The length of the self-life is achieved by the application of Abcissic Acid (ABA), a plant growth retardant. The experiment was prepared by completely randomized designed with 5 treatments of ABA concentrations (0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L) and 5 replication each treatment. The successful of the treatments would be presented by the ability of the synthetics seed to postpone their germination during storage periodes and can redraw to germinate after rehydration. The result shows that, dessication treatments during storage can inhibit the germination of synthetic seed. ABA application in low concentration, 5 mg/L, can protects the viability of plbs during storage periods and germinate them after rehydration.
Buckling Resistance of Axially Restrained Chord Members of Grid Structure at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Yong Du , Liew J.Y. Richard , Xiong Mingxiang , Zou Jie , Bo Zeng
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the behavior of large span grid structure exposed to a localized fire. The localized fire may generate hot smoke and thus induce non-uniform temperature distribution in the grid structure. The thermal expansion of the heated members tend to be axially restrained by the adjacent cold members thus inducing additional forces on the critical members of the grid structure. The buckling resistance of axially restrained member at elevated temperature may be obtained based on second order analysis of member with initial lateral imperfection by considering force equilibrium at deformed geometry and cross section resistance being reached. The critical temperature of the member is reached when the axial force reaches its buckling resistance. It is found that the critical temperature of members with initial lateral imperfection was higher than that without such imperfection for chord members with large slenderness ratio and high axial restraint.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE STEEL BOX GIRDER BRIDGE IN FIRE
Authors: Braxtan Nicole Leo , Wang Qian , Whitney Reeves , Koch Gregory
Published: January 2016

Box girder bridges are becoming more common because of their ease of construction, pleasing appearance, and serviceability. Projects with curved configuration and long spans can especially benefit from these advantages. However, the industry lacks a wide range of research on multi-span steel box girder cross-sections and their response to fire events. This poses a major risk to unprotected steel bridges using a box girder design. This paper will discuss a mathematical approach to determining and classifying different failure modes of weathering steel box girder bridges subject to two fire cases. Due to the rapid increase of temperature in the thin steel members, the strength of the steel deteriorates quickly. Results show that different fire locations can greatly affect the forces that act on the individual members of the structure.
GEM – A SOFTWARE FOR STABILITY VERIFICATION OF NON-UNIFORM MEMBERS, Adaptation of the general method procedure to fire design
Authors: Ferreira João , Vila Real Paulo , Couto Carlos , Cachim Paulo
Published: January 2016

There is currently no specific rules in Part 1-2 of Eurocode 3 for the stability verification of non-uniform members under fire conditions. For normal temperature, Part 1-1 of the same code provides a General Method to check the stability against lateral and lateral-torsional buckling for these type of members, though it requires some extensive calculations. It is here demonstrated in this paper how both problems can be addressed, by exposing a procedure that accounts for the modifications of the method at elevated temperatures, and by showing its implementation within a computer program. It is also shown how the program can be used to assess the study of the method itself, by applying it to a case of a web-tapered beam-column and comparing it to numerical results.
CONTRIBUTION OF NON-STRUCTURAL CONCRETE WALLS TO THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF UNPROTECTED STEEL FRAMES
Authors: Molkens Tom , Hanus François
Published: January 2016

In the scope of a new industrial building, an R60 fire resistance criterion was requested by the local fire brigade for the steel structure supporting non-structural EI60 concrete walls. On the basis of an investigation conducted after an actual fire in 2008, it was presumed possible to satisfy this R60 criterion using this type of unprotected steel frame. A 2D thermo-plastic model was set up, taking into account the thermal contribution of concrete walls, to limit excessive steel temperatures of the bearing elements. A void was considered between the concrete and the web of the middle columns to simulate real construction works as much as possible. The nominal ISO-834 fire was applied separately in each bay on the exposed parts of the elements. By using fixed column bases in case of fire, the structure can withstand up to 120 minutes of ISO fire i.e. far beyond the collapse of the primary structure subjected to fire. To avoid discussions about the local impact of a real fire, the investigation was extended to columns subjected to a local fire.
PERFORMANCE BASED COUPLED CFD-FEM ANALYSIS OF 3-BAY HIGH INDUSTRIAL HALL UNDER NATURAL FIRE
Authors: Malendowski Michal , Glema Adam , Szymkuc Wojciech
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the main emphasis is put into showing differences between standard fire design of structural elements and performance based approach, that takes into account analysis of structure under natural fire. The exemplary structure is a 3-bay 65,0x110,0 m in plane and 22,0 m high industrial hall with heavy cranes. Because of the significant volume with respect to fire load, there is a low probability that the fully developed fire can occur, nonetheless regarding technological process, a significant local fire could take place and affect the neighbour structure. The most complex approach used in this work is based on coupled CFD-FEM analysis of influence of local fire onto structure.Fire exposure of structural elements is calculated by the coupling scripts, taking into account real heat exposure of section by using adiabatic surface temperature approach.
PERFORMANCE-BASED FIRE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES OF HELSINKI OLYMPIC STADIUM
Authors: Salminen Mikko , Hietaniemi Jukka
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an overview of the fire safety analysis conducted for the steel trusses of Helsinki Olympic Stadium stand. The analysis were conducted using advanced calculation models (FDS and SAFIR). It is shown that the predefined design solution (R60 fire protection with sprinklers) can be replaced by fire protection to class R15 (no sprinkler system) without sacrificing safety when some other passive protection means are applied. The good design solution in this case required highly iterative design process and smooth co-operation between client, architects, structural engineers and fire safety consultants.
PERFORMANCE-BASED ANALYSIS OF PLANAR STEEL FRAME IN FIRE, The effect of different types of thermal insulation
Authors: Treven Anita , Hozjan Tomaž , Sajea Miran
Published: January 2016

The paper presents a performance-based analysis of a planar steel frame exposed to natural fire conditions, if protected with different types of insulation.Bare steel elements, and elements protected with intumescent coating or insulation boards are considered. Two fire scenarios and two material models for steel, with and without the consideration of viscous creep, are applied in order to observe the effect of viscous creep. The analysis consists of three steps: (i) the determination of fire curves, (ii) the thermal analysis, and (iii) the mechanical analysis. Theexpansion of intumescent coating as well as heat flux within the voidspace between the steel surface and the insulation boards are also considered. It is shown that the choice of the thermal insulation has a significant effect on the mechanical response of the frame.
PARAMETRIC STUDY ON THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING OF STAINLESS STEEL I BEAMS WITH CLASS 4 CROSS-SECTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE
Authors: Lopes Nuno , Gamelas Pedro , Real Paulo Vila
Published: January 2016

For predicting the behaviour of beams with thin-walled I sections, named Class 4 in Eurocode 3 (EC3), it is necessary to account for the occurrence of both local and lateral torsional buckling (LTB). These instability phenomena, which are intensified at elevated temperatures, should be accurately considered in design rules. The fire design guidelines for stainless steel members, given in Part 1-2 of EC3, propose the use of the same formulae developed for carbon steel (CS) elements. However, these two materials have different constitutive laws, leading to believe that the use of those formulae should be validated. This work presents a parametric numerical study on the behaviour of stainless steel beams with Class 4 I sections at elevated temperatures. The influences of several parameters such as stainless steel grade, loading type and cross section slenderness are evaluated, and comparisons between the obtained numerical results and EC3 rules are presented.
PARAMETRIC STUDY ON THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF STEEL COLUMNS WITH COLD-FORMED LIPPED CHANNEL SECTIONS
Authors: Arrais Flávio , Lopes Nuno , Real Paulo Vila
Published: January 2016

Steel structural elements with cold-formed thin-walled sections are becoming increasingly common in buildings due to their lightness and ability to support large spans. In these members, local, distortional and global instabilities are important common failure modes. At high temperatures, these instability phenomena are intensified. This paper presents a numerical study on the behaviour of columns with cold-formed C-sections in case of fire when subjected to compression. A parametric study, considering different steel grades, temperatures and different cross-sections with different slendernesses, is presented. Comparisons are also made between the numerical results and analytical design rules, such as the EN1993-1-2, using its Annex E or its French National Annex, where a different constitutive law is recommended for cold-formed profiles. It is possible to conclude that the simple calculation rules are on the safe side but sometimes too conservative.
FIRE DESIGN OF STEEL BEAMS WITH SLENDER CROSS-SECTION, The influence of loading
Authors: Couto Carlos , Real Paulo Vila , Lopes Nuno , Zhao Bin
Published: January 2016

The present paper addresses the study of laterally unrestrained steel beams with slendercross-sections for the case of fire with special focus on the influence of loading. A numerical investigation of several beams submitted to triangular and bi-triangular end-moment distribution and uniformly distributed loads is carried out at elevated temperatures usingshell finite elements. The results are compared with the existing simplified beam design rules of Part 1.2 of Eurocode 3 and recent developments on the subject, as well as the utilization of the factor “f” which was developed to take into account the non-uniform bending diagrams but for stocky cross-sections (Class 1 and 2).
PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN OF UNBRACED STEEL FRAMES EXPOSED TO NATURAL FIRE SCENARIOS
Authors: Couto Carlos , Silva Thiago , Carić Martina , Real Paulo Vila , Skejić Davor
Published: January 2016

According to the Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (EN1993-1-2) (CEN 2005b), it is possible for structural engineers to consider physical based thermal actions and to do performance based design instead of using prescriptive rules based on nominal fire curves. However, some uncertainties remain in the use of such approaches. This study focus on the clarification of the use of the simplified design methods to assess the fire resistance of unbraced steel frames exposed to fire. On the other hand, a recent study (Couto et al. 2013) suggests the use of a buckling coefficient of 1.0 for all the columns except those belonging to the first storey of a pinned framed where 2.0 should be taken instead and it is unclear if the consideration of such values for the buckling lengths is adequate when using performance based designs.
In this study, a comparison is made between simple and advanced calculation models and it is demonstrated that the simple design methods, using the suggested buckling coefficients to calculate the fire resistance of the frames are safe sided when compared to the use of advanced calculations using the finite element method (FEM).
OPTIMUM RELIABILITY OF A STEEL TAPERED PORTAL FRAME STRUCTURE EXPOSED TO FIRE
Authors: Balogh Tamás , Vigh László Gergely
Published: January 2016

In this study, the optimum reliability of a tapered steel portal frame structure is presented for several cases. The aim of the research is to define target reliability indices for fire design situation since some research works (Balogh and Vigh, 2015a; 2015b) pointed that the achievable reliability (with using the prescriptive rules of Eurocode standards) is lower in extreme and seismic design situations than the suggested target value in (EN0, 2002). It seems that the target reliability indices of (JCSS, 2000) are preferable in these cases. In this paper, the optimum reliability is investigated as described in (Holickỳ, 2011), but total cost function is formulated with two decisive variables with respect to the amount of active and passive safety measures. The structural reliability is obtained with the help of a complex FORM (First Order Reliability Method) algorithm. The results of this investigation can help also to answer the question, whether active or passive safety measures are more effective tools to achieve optimal solutions in case of fire design of steel portal frames.
BUCKLING LOAD OF RC COLUMNS EXPOSED TO ISO FIRE LOAD, The influence of the cross-sectional dimensions
Authors: Bajc Urška , Saje Miran , Hozjan Tomaž , Planinc Igor , Bratina Sebastjan
Published: January 2016

The influence of the cross-sectional dimensions on the buckling load capacity of reinforced concrete column exposed to ISO fire load is presented. The fire analysis is divided in two separate phases. In the first phase, the calculation of the temperatures over the cross-section of the concrete column is performed. Here more advanced hygro-thermal analysis is executed to take into account the influence of moisture on the distribution of the temperatures. In the second step of the fire analysis, the mechanical analysis is performed. The mechanical and thermal properties of concrete and reinforcement at elevated temperatures are used in accordance with EN 1992-1-2 (2004). For two different cross-sections, the parametric study has been performed. The critical buckling time and critical buckling capacity as a function of a load and slenderness of reinforced concrete column have been determined.