bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titania nanosheets induce anticancer activityin human non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors:   , Soonnarong Rapeepun
Published: September 2023

Metal nanomaterials can enhance the efficacy of current cancer therapies. Here, we show that Ti0.8O2 nanosheets cause cytotoxicity in several lung cancer cells but not in normal cells. The nanosheet-treated cells showed certain apoptosis characteristics. Protein analysis further indicated the activation of the p53-dependent death mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed the cellular uptake of the nanosheets and the induction of cell morphological change. Ti0.8O2 nanosheets induce apoptosis through a molecular mechanism involving peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generation. As peroxynitrite is known to be a potent inducer of S-nitrosylation, we further found that the nanosheets mediated the S-nitrosylation of p53 at C182, resulting in higher protein-protein complex stability, and this was likely to induce the surrounding residues, located in the interface region, to bind more strongly to each other. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that S-nitrosylation stabilized the p53 dimer with the binding free energy of <−1.5 kcal/mol. These results provide novel insight on the apoptosis induction effect of the nanosheets via a molecular mechanism involving S-nitrosylation of the p53 protein, emphasizing the mechanism of action of nanomaterials for cancer therapy.
Sit-to-stand ability with dual task among older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors:   , Chimsuwan Perayut
Published: September 2023

Sit to stand (STS) is the basic mobility related to the quality of life. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a movement pattern change in motor function. Moreover, the dual task can interfere with cognitive ability, leading to reduced motor performance. However, there was a lack of evidence of movement time, kinematics, and kinetics while performing STS tasks. This study aims to evaluate the STS ability in older adults with and without MCI while performing in single and dual conditions. This study was cross-sectional. Seventy older adults (35 older adults with MCI and 35 controls) participated in this study. All participants were asked to perform STS in both conditions (STS alone and STS with carrying the tray of glass that fill the water) with preferred movement patterns. The chair height was set for individuals as lower leg length. The variables consisted of movement time, kinematics variables (trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joint), peak vertical ground reaction force, and kinetics variables (hip extension, knee extension, plantar flexion moment) were collected. The study found the highest values of trunk flexion angles were found in older adults with MCI during STS with carrying a tray of glass filled with water. Moreover, the STS with dual tasks took a greater movement time than single conditions in both groups. Also, both groups found a difference in the dominant and non-dominant leg. The dominant leg has a greater knee flexion angle and ankles plantar flexion angles than the non-dominant leg. For the kinetics variables, older adults without MCI have a greater hip extension moment and plantar flexion moment during STS alone than STS with carrying the tray of glass that fill the water.
Association between medical insurance choices and healthcare utilization among diabetes patients in The People's Republic of China : a secondary data analysis
Authors:   , Chen Duohui
Published: September 2023

Since 2018, the universal medical insurance coverage rate has reached 95% in China. Due to the lack of medical and health resources and insufficient health service capacity of primary health care facilities in China, the biggest problem with the health system in China is overcrowding, especially in the utilization of outpatient services in secondary and tertiary hospitals.

   This study aimed to analyze the factors Association between Medical insurance Choices and healthcare Utilization among diabetes patients among patients of age >45 years in China. The logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of hospital of elder diabetic patients and basic medical insurance in China. Data from 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey were used, 19,305 samples were analyzed.

   This study found that among Chinese middle-aged and elderly, diabetes patients with other chronic disease increased the likelihood of using outpatient care in hospital than compared to patients without diabetes and diabetes patients without other chronic diseases. The results also found that among Chinese middle-aged and old adults, underweight people increased the likelihood of using outpatient care than healthy weight people. 

   Based on the findings of this study, reducing the utilization of outpatient services in secondary and tertiary hospitals in China were required improving the quality of services rendered from primary health care facilities and the utilization of primary health care facilities. As a result, this study would like to suggest that continue to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system and establish medical treatment partnerships, to improve medical insurances system.
The emergence of the non-aligned foreign policy of Burma from the end of the second world war to Bandung conference
Authors:   , Min Aung
Published: September 2023

Burma has been practicing non-aligned foreign policy since its independence. Most of the literature studied on Burma's foreign policy argued that Burma's non-aligned foreign policy was initiated around 1950. As Burma became a colony under the British Empire from 1886 to 1948, the experience of colonialism might also play an essential role in foreign relations in Burma. After independence, Burma also faced numerous challenges, such as insurgency problems. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to examine the emergence of the ideological foundation of the non-aligned foreign policy of Burma after the Second World War. Moreover, this study will also find out the internal and external factors shaping this policy. To fulfil its primary objective, this paper will also try to analyze how the situations after the Second World War brought internal and external challenges for Burma and how these impacted the emergence of the ideological foundation of the non-aligned foreign policy of Burma after the Second World War. This study applied qualitative research method and documentary research methodology to find out the history factors, external and internal influences of Burmese foreign policy. The influence of the external factors of the world, such as the changing of the world order after the Second World War and internal challenges, factors, and conflicts happening within the countries, might force Burma to look for ways for the survival of the country and this might later lead to the involvement of Burma in the Non-Aligned Movement and the establishment of the Non-Aligned Foreign Policy of Burma.
The Chinese association in Thailand and its development from 1907 to 1963
Authors:   , Jiang Daniel
Published: September 2023

This research argues the history of the Chinese Association in Thailand (CAT) is strongly connected to the transformation of self-identity among the pro-Republic of China Thai Chinese. Since the foundation of CAT in 1907 by the Tongmenghui members, the association itself represents the rise of Chinese nationalism amongst ethnic Chinese in Siam. The Chinese nationalism in Thailand was challenged by several major factors during the following periods: first was the rise of Siamese nationalism that clashed with the Chinese nationalism since the reign of Rama VI in the 1910s; second was the anti-Chinese policies during the second World War, as the Thai-Japanese alliance was formed during the first administration of Phibunsongkhram; third was the anti-communist stance towards Thai-Chinese after Kuomintang lost the Chinese Civil War, and the Chinese Communist Party took control of mainland China after 1949. Therefore, the research limits in between the period from 1907 when the association was established and lasts till the end of the administration of Sarit Thanarat in 1963 while Thailand coped with the anti-communist policies of the United States of America. The primary objective of this study is therefore set to examine the purposes of the transformation of CAT and its major events during the research period.
East Asia’s soft power competition in Southeast Asia: a case study of public diplomacy efforts in promoting Japanese, Chinese, and Korean language learning in Thailand since the 2000s
Authors:   , Han Nala
Published: September 2023

Japan and China are major superpowers in Asia with historically and economically close relations to Southeast Asia, while Korea remained relatively invisible until the 19th century. The different historical ties of these three countries with Southeast Asia have resulted in different approaches to the region. This study examines how Japan, China, and Korea have expanded their presence in Southeast Asia, focusing on their use of soft power. Soft power, a concept introduced by Joseph Nye Jr. in the 1990s, has become essential in understanding the power dynamics of the international community.

The research specifically looks at the efforts of the three East Asian governments in promoting language learning in Thailand since the 2000s. The Japan Foundation, the Confucius Institute, and the Korean Education Center, run by the Japanese, Chinese, and Korean governments, are observed to understand the current state and methodology used to promote their respective languages in Thailand. In particular, comparing the status of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean language education in Thailand is meaningful because of the country's significance for all three languages. The number of Japanese language learners in Thailand ranks fifth in the world, and the Japan Foundation, Bangkok, has been promoting the Japanese language in Thailand for nearly 50 years. Thailand is home to the most significant number of Confucius Institutes in Southeast Asia, with 16 of the region's 40 CIs located in Thailand. Thailand has the largest number of Korean learners in secondary education globally, representing 27% of all worldwide secondary school learners.
The effects of co-ingestion of highly branched cyclic dextrin and dietary nitrate on physiological responses and endurance capacity in recreational endurance runners
Authors:   , Chinapong Songdhasn
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of co-ingestion of HBCD and dietary nitrate on physiological responses and endurance capacity in recreational endurance runners compared with an isocaloric HBCD beverage, a maltodextrin-dietary nitrate beverage, and a maltodextrin beverage during high-intensity prolong running. Nine male marathon runners (age 35.00 ± 4.00 years) participated in a double-blind crossover design, where they were randomly assigned to receive either the co-ingesting 1.5 g HBCD·kg-1 BM and 500 mg dietary NO3- (~8.00 mmol NO3-) beverages (HBCD+NO3-), the ingesting 1.5 g HBCD·kg-1 BM (HBCD), the co-ingesting 1.5 g MD·kg-1 BM and 500 mg dietary NO3- (~8.00 mmol NO3-) beverages (MD+NO3-) or the ingesting 1.5 g MD·kg-1 BM beverage (MD) 60 min prior to the running economy test following by a 60-min constant load running at a speed equivalent to 70% of V̇O2peak. Measurements of substrate oxidation, muscle oxygenation, and oxygen cost were taken to assess running economy as well as serum glucose concentration, serum insulin concentration and blood lactate concentration, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The results showed no significant differences in the serum insulin concentration, serum glucose concentration, blood lactate concentration, oxygen cost, muscle oxygenation, among the HBCD+NO3-, HBCD, MD+NO3-, and MD conditions. However, it was found that the ingesting HBCD it had increase fat oxidation rate and lower the RER compared to the HBCD+NO3-, the MD+NO3-, or MD. This indicate that the ingesting HBCD may modulate fat metabolism and affect the lower RER compared to the co-ingesting of HBCD+NO3- or other CHO sources.
Innovation process of amorphous cellulose - graphene oxide hybrid structure for water treatment in a shrimp farm
Authors:   , Phuphantrakun Kongkiat
Published: September 2023

Amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide bead composites are popularly employed in water purification. However, the existing fabrication methods of amorphous cellulose (AC) and amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads are complicated with many chemical use, multi-step, time and energy-consuming. In this research, we proposed an efficient method for fabricating amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads using less chemical under a simple 2-step approach. The production process of AC and ACGO beads was successfully fabricated via sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gelatinization and regeneration using eucalyptus paper as a raw material. The cellulose gel was droplet-extruded into deionized (DI) water and transformed into a solid bead via water regeneration. The semicrystalline eucalyptus cellulose was transformed into amorphous cellulose after the regeneration process. 2 mm in diameter of AC (white beads) and ACGO (light brown beads) quasi-sphere beads were obtained. The light brown colour suggested that graphene oxide (GO) was successfully embedded in AC bead. The embedding of GO in the AC was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Gelatinization and regeneration processes provide a simple and efficient method for producing AC and ACGO beads. In addition, the method was compared to previous solvent systems from two perspectives including practical and economic perspectives to emphasize the advantages of the proposed method. Hence, this proposed method was the practical, efficient, and scalable fabrication of ACGO for commercialization. Moreover, the biodegradable, and renewable ACGO is a potential adsorbent for sustaining water quality, especially for shrimp farms and the ACGO bead can also be considered as one of the alternative “Green materials” for various applications. In the stage of planning for scaling-up scale consists of two scales which are pilot and near commercialization scale. The quantity of ACGO gel is the criteria factor separated between the two scaling-up scales. The quantity of ACGO gel of pilot and near commercialization scales are 510 and 2,550 L per day, respectively. The commercialization plan aims to Thai shrimp farmers to be target customer. Therefore, this research answers all 4 research objectives. Firstly, the ACGO bead fabrication protocol and prototype beads are implemented. Secondly, the prototype beads are characterized via technical tools. Thirdly, the scaling-up plan is created and lastly the commercialization plan and launching plan are employed in many perspectives and scenarios.
Process and stakeholder relations in the development of city festival to stimulate the creative economy : the case study of Chiang Mai Blooms
Authors:   , Arunchot Atikarn
Published: September 2023

Festivals relate to the creative economy in diverse ways, in which collaboration and relationships of stakeholders in the festival development process are significant factors that lead to positive impact of the festival. The aims of this paper are to examine the development process of the Chiang Mai Blooms as a city festival, the relationship of the stakeholders involved in the festival to promote the creative economy, and the factors promoting collaboration among festival stakeholders to drive the creative economy. The qualitative data was collected by conducting interviews and using questionnaires, and the secondary data was gathered from the related news and articles. The results of this study were analyzed by using thematic analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and Gephi for Social Network Analysis (SNA). It was illustrated that the development of Chiang Mai Blooms was divided into 3 stages, in which the level of involvement and relationships among the stakeholders were at a low level. In addition, the stakeholders considered that the factors promoting collaboration were mainly tourism and economic development. By strengthening the relationships of stakeholders and promoting the involvement of the stakeholders in the festival development process, it will lead to positive impacts of the festival, as well as improvement of products and services which further stimulate the creative economy.
The relationship between the land and buildings Tax Act, B.E. 2562 (A.D. 2019), and the land use and land cover (LULC) of Bangkok, Thailand
Authors:   , Orina James
Published: September 2023

The Land and Buildings Tax Act, B.E. 2562 (A.D. 2019), was enacted in Thailand with the aim of wealth distribution, revenue increase, and discouraging unproductive land use. However, since its implementation in 2020, in Bangkok, a notable increase in land use and land cover (LULC) changes, specifically vacant lands being converted to agricultural lands, has been observed. These changes are hypothesized to be related to tax avoidance activities. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of vacant-to-agricultural land conversions in Bangkok and employ spatial analysis techniques to identify and locate these LULC changes.

By employing a statistical t-test and conducting key informant interviews, this research shows that the implementation of the new property tax policy is likely contributing to these land use changes. Additionally, remote sensing and geospatial analyses are performed on ESRI LULC maps and Google platform images from 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, reveal that: (1) the majority of LULC changes and suspected tax avoidance activities occur in the urban fringes, (2) there is a clustering of suspected tax avoidance activities, particularly in the eastern fringe of the city, while the urban core exhibits minimal such activities, and (3) the clusters of high or low suspected tax avoidance activities demonstrate interrelatedness.

The employed research techniques and the results have implications for the administration of the new property tax policy, as well as for wealth redistribution, urban service provision, and peri-urban dynamics in the city. In addition, the study suggests the improvement of property tax management by providing specific guidelines accompanying the law and fostering the co-creation of urban services and infrastructure.
Public-private partnerships for implementing sponge city development : a case study of Xiamen City, China
Authors:   , Su Ting
Published: September 2023

To mitigate the disasters caused by extreme weather induced by climate change in cities, the Chinese government has proposed the implementation of sponge cities in recent years. However, the construction of sponge cities is characterized by significant investments, long project cycles, and many risks. It is difficult to implement the project only by relying on government investment. Therefore, Public-private Partnership (PPP) model is gradually applied to sponge cities' implementation. As a model of urban infrastructure implementation, PPP can significantly reduce stakeholders' risks in some respects and accelerate infrastructure implementation in sponge cities. However, the PPP model has some disadvantages.

Therefore, the research purpose of this thesis is how to improve the sustainable development of Sponge City PPP projects by avoiding the defects of the PPP model as much as possible.   This thesis mainly analyses the critical success factors in the case of Xiamen Xiang 'an Underground Comprehensive Pipeline Corridor PPP Project to discuss this problem. However, before that, the basic concepts and contents of Sponge City, PPP model and critical success factors of Sponge City PPP projects will first be introduced as the basis for discussion. The critical success factors that this thesis will discuss include value for money evaluation, financial affordability demonstration, operation mode, risk allocation, contract system, project transaction structure and return mechanism, procurement method, performance appraisal, and supervision system.
Situation analysis and kap on antimicrobial use and resistance among veterinarians and broiler poultry farmers of Nepal
Authors:   , Shahi Manoj
Published: September 2023

The primary goal of this research was to assess the situation analysis and knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of poultry practitioner veterinarians (PPV) and broiler poultry farmers (BPF) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nepal. The study area covered approximately 88.1% of Nepal's poultry population. A total of 327 PPV from 56 districts and 500 BPF from 40 districts of seven provinces participated. AMU situation and demographic information were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to determine associations between variables. Most PPV were male (85.0%) with a mean age of 31.9±7.8 years. Half of the PPV participated from Bagmati province (49.2%), almost all of them (99.4%) knew about AMR and stated that the lack of control in the sale of antibiotics contributes to AMR (93.0%). Among the 500 farmers, 81.0% were male. The majority of the farmers (57.8%) had small farms (<1,500 heads), 59.6% of the farmers had 0-4 years of experience working in poultry farms, and 50.8% had a high school education. The 27 different types of antimicrobials from 13 different antimicrobial classes were used in poultry farms. The most commonly used antimicrobials on the farm were doxycycline (23.5%), neomycin (17.1%), and colistin sulfate (9.6%). Most farmers consulted veterinarians (53.2%) and drug sellers (21.6%) before treating their poultry. Despite limited knowledge (62.6%) and practice (55.5%), the BPF had a favorable attitude toward AMU and AMR (91.6%). The risk factors associated with the farmers' attitudes toward AMU and AMR were the 31-40 years age group compared with other age groups (OR=4.2, p=0.03), and the farmer who used antimicrobials for prevention had a higher attitude score than those who used for other purposes (OR=5.9, p=0.02). The farmers who consulted with a veterinarian when their poultry was sick (OR=21.0, p<0.001) had a positive association with AMU practices. Findings of this study indicate that proper regulation mechanisms in veterinary drugs, an extension of veterinary services, training, and awareness related to AMU and AMR for PPV and BPF are needed to mitigate the AMR problem in poultry production.
Associations of feline paramyxoviruses with pathological lesions in cat kidneys
Authors:   , Zahro Aisyah
Published: September 2023

Paramyxoviruses in cats composing of feline paramyxovirus (FPaV), feline morbillivirus genotype 1 (FeMV-1), and feline morbillivirus genotype 2 (FeMV-2). These viruses had been recently suggested to be associated with kidney disease in cats. However, pathological consequence of infection is remained restricted. This study aimed to investigate the association of paramyxovirus infection and pathological consequence in cats’ kidney. Renal fresh tissues were collected from routine necropsy in Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Then, tissues were histopathologically categorized into normal group and pathologic group. To screen paramyxovirus infection, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using Res-Mor-Hen pan-primer set and specific primer set for each virus were carried out. Then, RT-PCR positive cases were employed for special staining determination using Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson Trichrome (MT), followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Furthermore, apoptotic activity assay was employed to detect the expression of cleaved caspase 3. Semiquantitative scorings were carried out for positive cases according to histopathological parameters such as degree of interstitial inflammation, tubular detachment, fibrosis, and apoptotic activity. The statistic data was evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient with two-tailed test and p<0.05. The result of molecular detection revealed that nine samples were positive only for FeMV-1 infection. All FeMV-1 positive cases belonged to renal pathologic group. In each case, lymphoplasmacytic interstitial inflammation was observed. Immunostaining signal was observed on seven cases. However, ISH signal was exhibited by all cases. Interestingly, both IHC and ISH signals were expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Association between FeMV-1 infection and histopathological parameters suggested that FeMV-1 infection would likely increase the apoptotic activity in infected kidneys. The presence of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation might be evidence that FeMV using signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM; CD150) that expressed on lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell as a viral receptor. Furthermore, viral localization would likely suggest that FeMV-1 did not only undergo replication and virion assembly in cytoplasm, but also in nucleus of tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, the apoptotic activity assay would likely to suggest that FeMV ruling caspase-dependent apoptotic activity.
Establishment of transplantation platform for delivering mouse induced pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (mips-ipcs) for diabetes treatment
Authors:   , Tran Hong
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic beta-cell replacement is recognized for feasible type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment. However, in post-transplantation, the autoimmune destruction incidentally attacks the activity and survival of beta-cells are reported in animal and human. To address these concerns, the generation of immortalized, biocompatible beta-cells, and the engraftment platform are insightfully investigated. The stepwise chemical process was used for in vitro Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) production from mouse gingival fibroblast-induced pluripotent stem cells (mGF-iPSCs). The real-time qRT-PCR, glucose stimulation C-peptide/Insulin secretion, immunostaining, and visible cell methods were examined during IPC differentiation. The encapsulated-IPC beads were loaded into subcutaneous pocket space via transplantation platform. Completed blood count, blood chemistry, C-peptide, HOMA indexes, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and histopathology were analyzed at pre-, post-transplantation and at termination. The 40 cytokines were explored via antibody array detection. In this study, in vitro IPC differentiation protocol wasperceptively dissection. IPC encapsulation achieved to the transplantable capacity.In mice, the catheter insertion and 10% Pluronic-F127 carrying-VEGF-165 (VP) created the subcutaneous pocket formation (SPF), and stimulated angiogenesis and neovascularization surrounding the SPF. Especially, IPC-bead engraftment alleviated hyperglycemia in STZ-induced-diabetic mice-VP + IPC-bead transplantation. In post-transplantation, IPC-bead transplantation showed noimmune response, as well as, IPC-bead maintained the health condition in diabetic mice. The obtained results can be applied as a clinical transplantation protocol for T1D treatment using cell-based therapy.
Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of cannabinoids on human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenograft in BALB/c nude mice model
Authors:   , Le Quang
Published: September 2023

Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant and lethal tumor of the exocrine pancreas. Cannabinoids extracted from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa have been suggested as a cancer therapy due to their anti-tumor effects on several human tumors. However, the anti-tumor effect of cannabinoids on human PDAC is still understudied. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to study the inhibition of proliferation and the induction of apoptosis potencies of cannabinoids in PDAC xenograft nude mice model. The human PDAC cell line (Capan-2) was subcutaneously injected into twenty-five nude mice. After tumor reached 200 mm3 in volume, mice were randomly divided into five groups (5 mice/group), following: negative control (NC) (daily gavaged of sesame oil), positive control (PC) (intraperitoneal administration of 5-fluorouracil at 20 mg/kg body weight (BW), three-time/week), and cannabinoid-treated groups (daily gavaged of THC:CBD (1:6) solution at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW for 30 days, respectively). The findings showed that THC:CBD (1:6) significantly decreased the mitotic cells and mitotic/apoptotic ratio, while the apoptotic cells were dramatically increased compared to the NC group. Parallelly, THC:CBD (1:6) significantly reduced the protein expression level of Ki-67 and PCNA relative to the NC group. Interestingly, THC:CBD (1:6) upregulated BAX, BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and Caspase-3 expression level, meanwhile, downregulated BCL-2 expression level and could not change Caspase-8 expression level relative to the NC group. These findings suggest that cannabinoid solution (THC:CBD at 1:6) could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human PDAC xenograft models. Cannabinoids, including THC:CBD, should be further studied for use as the potent PDCA therapeutic agent in humans.
In vitro inhibitory effects of turmeric extracts against biofilm formation and virulence of flavobacterium oreochromis
Authors:   , Ngernson Sirawich
Published: September 2023

Flavobacterium oreochromis is an opportunistic bacteria and causative agent of columnaris disease that affects freshwater fish worldwide. To initiate infection, the bacteria are required to attach and form biofilm on the fish's skin. The bacteria cells in the biofilm then produce toxins that can degrade fish connective tissue, resulting in lesions and ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract by three organic solvents (hexane, ethanol, and methanol) in biofilm inhibition and modulation of biofilm-associated genes of F. oreochromis. Turmeric extracts by three different organic solvents were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formations of F. oreochromis. The results showed that the hexane extract of turmeric was the most potent inhibitor of the growth and biofilm formation of F. oreochromis. To determine the effect of hexane extract of turmeric on biofilm-associate genes in F. oreochromis isolate no. 15, the qPCR method was used. To do this minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) of this extract were determined for this bacterial isolate, and the concentration of extract that inhibited the bacterial biofilm but not the growth was used (1 µg/ml).  The obtained results showed that turmeric extract strongly downregulated the expression of genes in the iron acquisition, type 9 secretion, and quorum sensing (luxR)  systems in F. oreochromis isolate number 15 at all three-time points (24h, 48h, 72h) studied. In summary, turmeric extract inhibited biofilm formation of F. Oreochromis through the downregulations of genes in the iron acquisition (alcB, rhbC, sido, tonB), type 9 secretion (gldL, sprA. porV) and quorum sensing (luxR) systems.
Molecular characterization of Clinostomum spp. infecting cultured Snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) in Thailand
Authors:   , Islam Sk
Published: September 2023

The digeanean Clinostomum spp. is a significant parasitic pathogen of freshwater fish. It has low host specificity and a wide distribution geographically. Morphological and molecular data analyses have been performed on Clinostomum to assess its diversity. However, the molecular occurrence of Clinostomum spp. in aquaculture in Thailand has yet to be reported. Snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis), a freshwater fish cultured in Thailand, has significant economic importance. Herein, the study focuses on describing a digenean Clinostomum in the abdominal cavity of T. pectoralis and reports the prevalence of this parasite from central Thailand. Two hundred and sixty-two 4 to 8- month-old T. pectoralis were obtained from Samut Sakorn, Samut Songkhram, Samut Prakarn, and Kanchanaburi provinces of central Thailand. We measured their overall length as well as their body weight. The body cavity of T. pectoralis was examined, and metacercariae of C. piscidium were discovered inside. In the abdominal cavity of infected fish, the parasites were discovered either free or adhered to adipose tissue and the outer membrane of the visceral organs. It was found that the total prevalence was 13.35 %, and the parasite intensities were found to be higher in the females taken from the farms than in the males (P<0.05). Pathological examination showed a few white migratory patterns on liver and spleen cells. The track presented histologically as the main central hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage surrounded by layers of macrophages and epithelioid cells. This metacercaria infection caused damage to the fish hosts' hepatic tissue, which disrupted their hepatic metabolism. As a result, the fish hosts experienced a slowdown in their rate of development and a reduction in their total body mass. In addition, morphological and molecular characterization of species was conducted using 18S rDNA and inter-transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) sequence data. A BLAST search of 18S rDNA sequence revealed 100% sequence similarity with C. piscidium (FJ970655) infecting banded gourami (Colisa fasciata) from India and 90–98% sequence similarity with other clinostomid in Australia, USA, China, Israel, and Italy. ITS sequence data also revealed 100% sequence homology with the C. pisicidium isolated from C. fasciata from India. Based on phylogenetic analysis, this study reports the first molecular identification of C. piscidium species in cultured T. pectoralis in Thailand.
Transferable r plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from meat ducks
Authors:   , Baqar Zulqarnain
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to describe the AMR characteristics and transferable R plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from meat ducks reared in an open house system. One hundred seventy-seven (n=177) commensal E. coli were previously isolated from duck cloacal swabs. In this study, all were biochemically confirmed and examined for their susceptibilities to 15 antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution method. Transfer of R plasmids was tested by biparental mating method followed by plasmid replicon typing (PBRT) and plasmid multi-locus sequence typing (pMLST). The highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (83.0%) and tetracycline (81.9%) while multidrug resistance was common (86.4%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production were confirmed in nine isolates. R plasmids were conjugally transferred using only tetracycline (n=4), only ampicillin (n=3), only chloramphenicol (n=3) and ampicillin/tetracycline (n=3) as selective pressure. Five replicon types were identified, of which IncFrepB was most common (38.4%) in donors (n=13) and (31.2%) in transconjugants (n=16). Subtyping F type plasmids using replicon sequence typing (RST) scheme (n=6) revealed five distinct replicons combinations, including F47:A-:B- (n=2), F29:A-:B23 (n=1), F29:A-:B- (n=1), F18:A-:B- (n=1) and F4:A-:B- (n=1). AMR phenotypes were found to have a significant statistically positive correlation (p<0.05). In particular, chloramphenicol resistance was highly correlated with other AMR phenotypes. In conclusion, the high resistance rates to clinically important antimicrobial agents in this study highlight the important role of meat ducks raised in open house farming system in the dissemination of AMR bacteria that are potentially hazardous to human and environment. This confirms AMR as one health issue and routine monitoring and surveillance of AMR among bacteria from meat ducks is suggested.
Food inflation during the Covid-19 pandemic. A comparison between Brazilian and Thai food inflation during the years 2020 and 2021.
Authors:   , Prates Lilian
Published: September 2023

Thailand and Brazil are two prominent net agro-exporters, and both countries were hit severely by the Pandemic of Covid-19. While Thailand's GDP decreased by 6.1% in 2020, the Brazilian economy shrank by 4.1%. Despite these similarities, during the acute phase of the pandemic, food prices in Brazil started to increase at an accelerated pace while, in Thailand, food prices remained low and stable. In 2020, the annual food inflation in Brazil was 14,11%, and Thailand's was 1.37%. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the literature by filling the information gap about food inflation dynamics in those two countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag methodology was applied to 13 potential explanatory variables: Food Imports, Food Exports, Interest Rate, a proxy for Monthly DGP (one for each country), Crude Oil Index, Crude Oil Price, Global Food Index, Exchange Rate, Nominal Effective Exchange Rate, Agricultural Price Index, Agricultural Production Index, and Energy Inflation. Out of these 13 variables, only the last six were statistically significant. The key reasons for the food inflation hike in Brazil were: i) the country has not taken advantage of the international crude oil slump to provide more aggressive discounts in domestic energy prices; ii)  the production growth stagnation for some staple foods; iii) high pass-through from Agricultural Price Index to Consumer Price Index; and iv) large currency devaluation.
ผลกระทบด้านความต้องการพลังงานของอาคารที่ออกแบบตามเกณฑ์เป็นสุข
Authors:   , ตั้งมานะกิจ จีรุฏฐ์
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อนำเสนอผลกระทบด้านความต้องการพลังงานของอาคารที่ออกแบบตามเกณฑ์อาคารที่มีสุขภาวะที่ดีโดยสถาบันอาคารเขียวไทยมีชื่อเกณฑ์”เป็นสุข” โดยการวิจัยนี้นำข้อมูลการประเมินประสิทธิภาพการใช้พลังงานทั้งอาคารกรณีศึกษาแบบปกติและอาคารกรณีศึกษาที่ปรับแบบให้สอดคล้องตามเกณฑ์เป็นสุข นำมาวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบตามมาตรฐานและหลักเกณฑ์ในการออกแบบอาคารเพื่อการอนุรักษ์พลังงาน โดยการใช้โปรแกรม Building Energy Code (BEC) Web-based ผลการศึกษาพบว่า อาคารกรณีศึกษาแบบปกติที่ใช้เป็นแบบอ้างอิงมีผลการประเมินประสิทธิภาพการใช้พลังงานผ่านเกณฑ์ตามข้อกำหนดของกฎกระทรวงฯ ทั้งแบบการประเมินรายระบบและการใช้พลังงานโดยรวม ส่วนกรณีอาคารเป็นสุขแบบที่ 1 ผ่านเกณฑ์ตามข้อกำหนดของกฎกระทรวงฯเฉพาะการใช้พลังงานโดยรวม แต่ระบบกรอบอาคารไม่ผ่านเกณฑ์การประเมินรายระบบ โดยที่ค่าการถ่ายเทความร้อนรวมของผนังในส่วนที่มีการปรับอากาศ (OTTV) เปลี่ยนแปลงเพิ่มขึ้น 13.86% เนื่องจากความต้องการของอาคารตามเกณฑ์เป็นสุข คือ การมีช่องเปิดที่มีขนาดใหญ่ขึ้นและมีกระจกหน้าต่างที่สว่างมากขึ้นเพื่อให้ได้รับแสงสว่างธรรมชาติที่มากขึ้น จึงนำความร้อนเข้าสู่ภายในอาคารผ่านกระจกหน้าต่างด้านนอกมากขึ้น โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งหากไม่ได้ใช้กระจกกรอบอาคารประสิทธิภาพสูง แต่สำหรับค่าการใช้พลังงานโดยรวมของอาคารพบว่าอาคารเป็นสุขแบบที่ 1 ยังสามารถผ่านเกณฑ์ตามข้อกำหนดของกฎกระทรวงฯ เนื่องจากการประหยัดพลังงานจากการใช้ไฟฟ้าแสงสว่าง สำหรับอาคารเป็นสุขแบบที่ 2 ผ่านเกณฑ์ตามข้อกำหนดของกฎกระทรวงฯ ทั้งแบบการประเมินรายระบบและการใช้พลังงานโดยรวม
Factor influencing customer satisfaction during crisis : a case of Netflix in Croatia
Authors:   , Paut Nikolina
Published: September 2023

This study explores the possibility of surviving and perhaps thriving during these trying times, referring to the economic and social crisis caused by the pandemic. The purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between price sensitivity, increased promotion, understanding of customer values, brand awareness, and customer behaviour during the crisis and the effect of these independent variables on customer satisfaction. The thesis focuses on the company Netflix Inc. (Netflix). The case study focuses on Split (Split- Dalmatia County) inhabitants and respondents who work and study in this city. Variables were measured using descriptive statistics, multicollinearity test, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and one-way ANOVA analysis in SPSS. The findings indicate that understanding customer values represents a crucial element of a digital marketing strategy for companies. Therefore, understanding different values instigated by the severity of a crisis eventually leads to achieving customer satisfaction during the recession. The general objective of the study is achieved.
Social Enterprises: Relationship between Economic Profits and Social Values
Authors:   , Karnchanapimonkul Pramon
Published: September 2023

Social enterprises emerge as a newer type of organization that that combines elements of for-profit and non-profit organizations, and are gaining recognition as a potential driver of sustainable development. Social enterprises typically have the economic and the social objective that may contradict each other to produce trade-offs, or reinforce each other to produce synergies. Hence, this research aims to determine whether there are trade-offs or synergies between the economic and the social objective of social enterprises in Thailand, and determine the micro, meso and macro level factors that influence the relationship between the objectives of social enterprises. This research performed regression analysis on social enterprises data, and also analyze macro level factors of Thailand based on the Macro-Institutional Social Enterprise (MISE) framework. The results show that social enterprises in Thailand show trade-offs with prioritization of the economic objective over the social objective, which is consistent to the macro level factors showing relatively low government social welfare spending and international aid, and an efficiency-driven economy. These findings raise the potential concern of the co-optation of the social enterprise concept by private companies. Additionally, the results show that funding by grants lead to higher output of the social objective of social enterprises. With this in mind, this research recommends that policy support should incentivize private companies to give funding in the form of grants to social enterprises to deter co-optation, while social enterprises must also be able to demonstrate higher output of the social objective to be eligible to receive the grants.
โครงสร้างตลาดและพฤติกรรมการแข่งขันของอุตสาหกรรมโรงชำแหละสุกรของประเทศไทย
Authors:   , อภินันทสิทธิ์ วรางคณาง
Published: September 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาพฤติกรรมการแข่งขันของอุตสาหกรรมโรงชำแหละสุกรในประเทศไทยที่จดทะเบียนและมีใบอนุญาต โดยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกผู้ประกอบการจำนวน 5 รายเพื่อศึกษาพฤติกรรมการแข่งขันทั้งทางด้านราคาและไม่ใช่ราคาโดยอาศัยการวิเคราะห์ภาพรวมอุตสาหกรรมด้วยเครื่องมือห่วงโซ่คุณค่า (Value Chain) และวิเคราะห์ตัวแทนอุตสาหกรรมด้วยเครื่องมือแบบจำลองแรงผลักดัน 5 ประการ (Five Force Model) และคำนวณส่วนเหลื่อมตลาด ผลการศึกษาพบว่าโครงสร้างตลาดของอุตสาหกรรมโรงชำแหละสุกรของประเทศไทยมีลักษณะผู้ขายน้อยราย ซึ่งจากการคำนวณ CR4 เป็นในทิศทางเดียวกันกับผลสรุป HHI และ CCI นั่นคืออุตสาหกรรมโรงชำแหละสุกรของประเทศไทยมีอัตราการกระจุกตัวสูงหรือมีการแข่งขันน้อย อีกทั้งผู้ประกอบการมีพฤติกรรมการแข่งขันในด้านไม่ใช่ราคามากกว่าด้านราคาเป็นกลยุทธ์หลัก โดยใช้การสร้างความแตกต่างในตัวผลิตภัณฑ์คือการชำแหละเนื้อสุกรให้มีคุณภาพและโรงชำแหละสุกรที่ให้บริการแบบครบวงจรจะสามารถควบคุมค่าใช้จ่ายด้านต้นทุนได้ดีกว่าโรงชำแหละสุกรประเภทอื่น ๆ
บทบาทของทักษะทางการเงินที่มีต่อการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินในประเทศไทย
Authors:   , เสาโกมุท ศักดิ์ศิริ
Published: September 2023

งานศึกษานี้ต้องการศึกษาอิทธิพลของทักษะทางการเงินต่อการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินในประเทศไทย โดยใช้ข้อมูลการสำรวจระดับความรู้ทางการเงินและการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินของประชาชนปี พ.ศ. 2561 จำนวน 11,129 ตัวอย่าง สร้างเป็นตัวแปรทักษะทางการเงิน และการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินซึ่งมีลักษณะเป็นตัวแปรเชิงปริมาณ ตามลำดับ และวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ด้วยแบบจำลองการถดถอยแบบสองชั้น (2-Stage Least Squares : 2-SLS) โดยใช้ระดับทักษะทางการเงินเฉลี่ยของจังหวัดที่กลุ่มตัวอย่างอาศัยอยู่ และทักษะทางคณิตศาสตร์ของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง เป็นตัวแปรเครื่องมือ (Instrumental Variable : IV) เพื่อแก้ปัญหาตัวแปรภายใน (Endogeneity) ที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างตัวแปรการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินและตัวแปรทักษะทางการเงิน ผลการศึกษาพบว่าระดับทักษะทางการเงินไม่เพียงแต่จะมีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินในภาพรวมเท่านั้น แต่ยังมีส่วนช่วยเพิ่มโอกาสการเข้าถึงผลิตภัณฑ์ทางการเงินกลุ่มต่างๆ อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ นอกจากนี้การทดสอบยืนยันผลการศึกษาด้วยการแบ่งกลุ่มลักษณะประชากรตามลักษณะรายได้ และลักษณะการกระจายตัวของระดับการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงิน ยังคงแสดงให้เห็นว่าทักษะทางการเงินมีอิทธิพลต่อการเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินในประเทศไทย
การศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลิตภาพแรงงานและค่าจ้างระหว่างภาคของประเทศไทย
Authors:   , ปะมะโข สันติ
Published: September 2023

วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้เป็นการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลิตภาพแรงงานและค่าจ้างระหว่างภาคของประเทศไทย การศึกษาส่วนใหญ่วิเคราะห์เพียงรายประเทศและรายสาขาการผลิตเท่านั้น ประเทศไทยยังขาดการศึกษาในรายภูมิภาค ซึ่งตารางปัจจัยการผลิตและผลผลิตระหว่างภาค (Multi-Regional Input-Output Table : MRIO) สามารถให้รายละเอียดข้อมูลได้ทั้งรายภูมิภาคและรายสาขาการผลิต แต่เนื่องจากตารางดังกล่าวยังขาดข้อมูลในด้าน “จำนวนแรงงาน” การศึกษาครั้งนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) เพื่อจำแนกข้อมูลผลผลิต จำนวนแรงงาน และค่าจ้าง รายภูมิภาคและรายสาขาการผลิต โดยใช้นิยามจากตารางปัจจัยการผลิตและผลผลิตระหว่างภาค และแบ่งแรงงานเป็นประเภทมีฝีมือและไร้ฝีมือ สัดส่วนทุนต่อแรงงาน  ผลิตภาพแรงงาน และค่าจ้าง 2) เพื่อวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลิตภาพแรงงานและค่าจ้าง รายภูมิภาคและรายสาขาการผลิต 3) เพื่อวิเคราะห์ผลกระทบต่อการจ้างงานรายภูมิภาคและรายสาขาการผลิต หากอุปสงค์ขั้นสุดท้าย (Final Demand) ของประเทศเปลี่ยนแปลงไป

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ภาคตะวันออก โดยเฉพาะสาขาอุตสาหกรรมมีความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผลิตภาพแรงงานและค่าจ้างสูง ส่วนใหญ่จะมีลักษณะของแรงงานประเภทมีฝีมือสอดรับกับสัดส่วนทุนต่อแรงงาน และเมื่อพิจารณาการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุปสงค์ขั้นสุดท้าย หากอุปสงค์ขั้นสุดท้ายเปลี่ยนแปลงไป จะส่งผลกระทบต่อการจ้างงานสูงใน ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ โดยเฉพาะสาขาการปศุสัตว์เมื่อวิเคราะห์ความเชื่อมโยงไปข้างหลัง (Backward Linkage) และสาขาการทำไร่มันสำปะหลังเมื่อวิเคราะห์ความเชื่อมโยงไปข้างหน้า (Forward Linkage)
บริษัทพัฒนาเมือง: รูปแบบองค์กรเอกชนกับการมีส่วนร่วมในการกำหนดนโยบายสาธารณะ
Authors:   , เลิศรัตนนันท์ ภูมิสันต์
Published: September 2023

วิทยานิพนธ์นี้ศึกษา “บริษัทพัฒนาเมือง” ในฐานะองค์กรเอกชนที่จัดตั้งขึ้นมา และเข้ามามีส่วนร่วมในการกำหนดนโยบายสาธารณะของเมือง มีวัตถุประสงค์หลักในการศึกษาแนวคิดและบทบาทในการกำหนดนโยบายสาธารณะของกลุ่มทุนในรูปแบบบริษัทพัฒนาเมือง และปฏิสัมพันธ์และกระบวนการมีส่วนร่วมในการกำหนดนโยบายสาธารณะของกลุ่มทุนในรูปแบบบริษัทพัฒนาเมืองในจังหวัดอุดรธานี โดยใช้วิธีการศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพ เก็บข้อมูลจากผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับการขับเคลื่อนบริษัทพัฒนาเมืองและนโยบายสาธารณะ ผลการศึกษาพบว่า บริษัทพัฒนาเมืองใช้แนวคิดเมืองเติบโตอย่างชาญฉลาด และแนวคิดเมืองอัจฉริยะ โดยมีการจดทะเบียนจัดตั้งเป็นบริษัทจำกัด และเครือข่ายกิจการพัฒนาเมือง ที่ดำเนินการโดยกลุ่มทุนในท้องถิ่น สร้างอำนาจต่อรองเพื่อเข้ามามีส่วนร่วมกำหนดทิศทางของการพัฒนาเมือง ให้สอดคล้องกับความต้องการของท้องถิ่น รวมถึงสอดรับกับนโยบายของรัฐส่วนกลาง โดยใช้กระบวนการสานเสวนา เพื่อให้เกิดอุปสงค์ของนโยบายจากภาคประชาชน และกลุ่มผลประโยชน์ในเมือง ผ่านรูปแบบกิจกรรมที่สร้างปฏิสัมพันธ์ภายในเมือง ก่อให้เกิดงานที่เป็นผลประโยชน์หลักของเมือง เกิดผลประโยชน์ต่อธุรกิจของกลุ่มทุนเมื่อมีการพัฒนาในเชิงพื้นที่ และเกิดผลประโยชน์ต่อบุคคลในฐานะผู้นำบริษัทพัฒนาเมืองที่เสริมสร้างภาพลักษณ์และความน่าเชื่อถือในการต่อรอง การจัดตั้งบริษัทพัฒนาเมือง จึงเป็นการสร้างสถาบันขึ้นมาปฏิบัติการจัดสรรผลประโยชน์ในเชิงพื้นที่

บริษัทพัฒนาเมืองและเครือข่าย ใช้วิธีการสร้างปฏิสัมพันธ์กับชนชั้นนำทางอำนาจ เครือข่ายวิชาการ สื่อมวลชน รวมถึงสมาชิกระดับรัฐสภา เพื่อสร้างโอกาสและหาช่องทางปลดล็อคเมืองให้สามารถขับเคลื่อนนโยบายสาธารณะได้ กล่าวคือผลักดันนโยบายผ่านชนชั้นนำทางอำนาจทั้งในระดับจังหวัดและระดับชาติ ร่วมมือกับภาควิชาการใช้ข้อมูลจากการวิจัยมาสร้างน้ำหนักและเหตุผลของนโยบายสาธารณะ รวมถึงสร้างความสัมพันธ์กับสื่อมวลชนทั้งในระดับท้องถิ่นและระดับประเทศ ในการเผยแพร่ปฏิบัติการของบริษัทพัฒนาเมือง อย่างไรก็ตามเนื่องจากปัญหาการร่วมศูนย์อำนาจอยู่ในระดับชาติ การขับเคลื่อนเพื่อให้เกิดการปฏิบัติการในท้องถิ่น ยังเกิดข้อจำกัดเป็นอย่างมาก ทั้งในแง่ของกฎระเบียบและอำนาจในการบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรที่กระจุกตัว