bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Exoskeleton Untuk Terapi Range of Motion Pasif Lengan Atas Tahap Lanjut Penderita Stroke
Authors: Hartono Sherrine , Dewanto Joni
Published: April 2021

Pasien stroke biasanya mengalami gangguan motorik. Agar pasien stroke dapat mengembalikan kemampuan fisiknya, dilakukan fisioterapi. Fisioterapi untuk penderita stroke menggunakan latihan Range of Motion (ROM). Pada ROM pasif, energi yang dikeluarkan untuk latihan berasal dari orang lain (perawat) atau dapat juga dari alat mekanik. Karena itu, dirancang exoskeleton untuk membantu pasien stroke melakukan terapi ROM pasif untuk lengan atas. Dalam tugas akhir ini akan membahas perancangan exoskeleton mulai dari pembuatan konsep desain, analisa dan perhitungan elemen mesin, perancangan penyangga, dan perancangan sistem kontrolnya. Dari hasil perancangan diperoleh daya motor sebesar 0.12 kW. Exoskeleton yang dirancang tersusung atas 2 buah mekanisme 4 batang, 2 buah poros, sabuk gilir, sepasang roda gigi, motor, penyangga, screw jack, dan swivel wheel. Untuk sistem kontrol menggunakan pengontrol mikro AVR, chip darlington, LCD, dan sensor opto-interrupt.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: epidemiological analysis at a teaching hospital / Tuberculose multirresistente: análise epidemiológica em um hospital de ensino
Authors: Ferreira Debora paula , Salvador da Motta Maria Catarina , Assumpção Fabiana
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com Tuberculose Multirresistente em um hospital de ensino de referência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, desenvolvido em uma instituição terciária de ensino de referência para tratamento de TBMR na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizado instrumento estruturado com informações de quarenta prontuários. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do software SPSS. Resultados: A média de idade encontrada nos 40 pacientes diagnosticados com TBMR foi de 43.6 anos, 40% tinham menos de 7 anos de estudo e 70% se declararam pardos ou negros. Conclusão: Foi verificada uma alta prevalência de pacientes na faixa etária de 21-40 anos, bem como uma alta proporção de pacientes com baixa escolaridade.
The epidemiological panorama of congenital syphilisin a northeast capital: strategies for elimination / O panorama epidemiólogico da sífilis congênita em uma capital do nordeste: estratégias para a eliminação
Authors: Lucena Kátia Nobre Cedrim , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Rodrigues Sueli Teresinha Cruz , Ferreira Anne Laura Costa , Silva Elisa Marina do Prado , Vieira Maraysa Jéssyca de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever o panorama da sífilis congênita em uma capital do Nordeste no período de 2010 a 2015. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, do tipo levantamento retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: A maioria das mães realizaram o pré-natal, foram diagnosticadas apenas no momento do parto ou curetagem e não realizaram nenhum tratamento. A maioria das crianças foram diagnosticadas com sífilis congênita recente. E o município manteve-se com uma média de 2 casos de óbitos por sífilis congênita /ano e uma taxa de incidência acima da média nacional. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados pelo presente estudo comprovam que a sífilis congênita ainda se encontra longe de ser erradicada no município, pois as taxas de incidência estão se mantendo acima da média nacional.
Publications of theses and dissertations addressing the human caring theory: a bibliometric study / Publicações de teses e dissertações sobre a teoria do cuidado humano: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Carvalho Dantas Vania Pessoa de , Evangelista Carla Braz , Vasconcelos Monica Ferreira de , Costa Dayse Kalyne Gomes da , Lopes Maria Emília Limeira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca da Teoria do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson em teses e dissertações, no âmbito nacional. Métodos: Estudo bibliométrico constituído de 41 teses e dissertações publicadas no banco de teses e dissertações do CEPEn, catálogo de teses e dissertações disponível no portal da CAPES, no Portal Domínio Público, na TESESENF e BDTD, no recorte temporal de 2000 a 2016. Resultados: Os anos de 2000 e 2016 foram os de maior produção sobre o tema. A região sul obteve um maior destaque nas publicações, com maior quantidade de estudos produzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. As palavras-chave mais evidenciadas foram enfermagem, teoria de enfermagem e cuidado de enfermagem. Houve predominância de dissertações e de pesquisadores da área da enfermagem. Conclusão: Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos sobre a temática, no sentido de auxiliar a aplicabilidade da teoria no ambiente de cuidados.
Violence against children and adolescents: an analysis of notifications from 2013 to 2014 / Violência infanto-juvenil: uma análise das notificações no período de 2013 a 2014
Authors: Oliveira Thaise dos Reis Cruz , Conceição Hayla Nunes da , Pereira Beatriz Mourão , Oliveira Tatyanne Maria Pereira de , Moura Leônidas Reis Pinheiro , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da violência contra criança e adolescente no município de Caxias-Maranhão. Método: pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório-descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a agosto de 2015 através das Fichas de Notificação de Violência Interpessoal/Autoprovocada da Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal e relatórios de casos de violência infanto-juvenil do Conselho Tutelar Municipal registrados nos anos de 2013 e 2014. Resultados: constatou-se 1.462 registros de violência, e destes, 419 era contra criança e adolescente. A negligência foi a violência predominante, atingindo 54% em 2013 e 66,1% em 2014. O local de ocorrência dos casos foi a residência, totalizando 94,2% dos casos e a mãe foi apontada como principal autora das agressões no período estudado, alcançando 73% do total de agressores. Conclusão: a negligência é o principal tipo de violência praticada pela mãe, sendo que para sanar esse quadro precisam ser implementadas políticas públicas já normatizadas.
Patient security in adult intensive therapy units: perception of nurses / Segurança do paciente em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Barella Daniela , De Gasperi Patricia
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar o entendimento dos enfermeiros de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto sobre segurança do paciente. Métodos: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, caráter exploratório, descritivo e de corte transversal. Realizado em março de 2018, com 12 enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital público-privado do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: os enfermeiros entendem que segurança do paciente é não causar danos aos pacientes, utilizam ferramentas para colocar em prática a mesma. O aumento do número de funcionários foi uma das estratégias elencadas para melhorar a segurança do paciente, os erros de medicação são os mais frequentes e metade da amostra é favorável à punição diante de um erro. Conclusão: o entendimento dos enfermeiros sobre o assunto está adequado perante à literatura, porém há a necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança para um melhor entendimento do erro e para a promoção da segurança do paciente.
Educational technology for people with chronic renal disease: construction and validation of content / Tecnologia educacional para pessoas com doença renal crônica: construção e validação de conteúdo
Authors: Santos Fernanda Gatez Trevisan dos , Laqui Victória dos Santos , Sanches Rafaely de Cássia Nogueira , Rêgo Anderson da Silva , Salci Maria Aparecida , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever a construção e validação de conteúdo de uma tecnologia educativa do tipo cartilha para pessoas com Doença Renal Crônica. Método: pesquisa metodológica desenvolvida em quatro fases: diagnóstico situacional; revisão de literatura; elaboração da cartilha e validação do conteúdo com cinco experts.  Os participantes do processo de elaboração foram 48 pessoas em hemodiálise e, de validação, cinco profissionais de saúde. Resultados: o diagnóstico situacional foi composto pelas entrevistas com os pacientes em hemodiálise que aceitaram participar, os quais escolheram a tecnologia tipo cartilha que abordassem os temas alimentação e transplante renal. A revisão da literatura teve como objetivo aprofundar sobre as temáticas escolhidas e construir a cartilha, com uso de linguagem clara e figuras ilustrativas. A cartilha foi encaminhada para cinco experts da área para a realização da validação do conteúdo. Conclusão: a construção e validação da tecnologia educativa tipo cartilha visa promover o autocuidado das pessoas com Doença Renal Crônica, a partir de orientações sobre alimentação e transplante renal.
Characterization of the health profile of elderly registered persons in primary health care / Caracterização do perfil epidemiológico de idosos cadastrados na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Peixoto Linard Lana Lívia , Ferraz Queiroga Freitas Fabiana , Feitosa Beleza Cinara Maria , Costa Fernandes Marcelo , Soares Sônia Maria
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de idosos cadastrados na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Pombal, Paraíba. Método: estudo transversal, com 307 idosos cadastrados na Atenção Primaria à Saúde, utilizou-se do instrumento de coleta elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Cuidado e Desenvolvimento Humano, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Resultados: prevaleceu idosos do sexo feminino (28,3%), casado/união estável (47,9%), católicos (85,3%), que não trabalham (90,6%), aposentados (91,2%), alfabetizados (57,0%), sem consumir bebida alcoólica (90,2), sem fumar (87,6%) e com problemas de saúde (90,9%). Conclusão: notoriamente, torna-se imprescindível a realização de medidas voltadas a promoção da saúde e prevenção de danos e agravos, bem como manutenção e reabilitação da saúde, de acordo com os princípios da equidade e integralidade do cuidado, principalmente no tocante a Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Convergent care research and the health of the elderly: a systematic review / Pesquisa convergente assistencial e a saúde do idoso: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Gomes Labegalini Célia Maria , Silva Poliana Ávila , Higarashi Ieda Harumi Higarashi Harumi , Kleba Maria Elisabeth , Berardinelli Lina Márcia Miguéis , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as publicações centradas na Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial na atenção ao idoso. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados utilizando a palavra-chave “Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial” e o descritor “idoso”, e suas variações em artigos originais. Resultados: Dezenove publicações foram incluídas, estas foram realizadas predominantemente por enfermeiros e publicadas na mesma área. Contemplam principalmente atividades educativas com profissionais e familiares de idosos a fim de instrumentalizar o cuidado, e se apresentam como método efetivo de transformação de práticas. Contudo, poucos estudos adotam todos os itens teórico-metodológicos propostos pela abordagem. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento da Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial na área da saúde do idoso delineia-se em torno das práticas educativas, e requerer maior clareza metodológica quanto a sua realização.
Clinical validation of nursing diagnoses: literature review / Validação clínica de diagnósticos de enfermagem: revisão de literatura
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel Calado da Silva , Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Tonini Teresa , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de , Hernández Paula Escalada , Fernandez Blanca Marín
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar quais os métodos estatísticos mais utilizados nos estudos de validação clínica de diagnósticos de enfermagem. Metodologia: optou-se por seguir as etapas descritas por Whittemore para revisão de literatura. A busca deu-se, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Cinahl. Resultados: observa-se a predominância de estudos de acurácia diagnóstica com análise de classes latentes. Discussão: Novos métodos de validação clínica de diagnósticos de enfermagem têm sido propostos e incluem técnicas estatísticas avançadas, entre eles estão os estudos de acurácia diagnóstica, o que corrobora os resultados encontrados. Conclusões: Estudos de acurácia constituem um método capaz de classificar corretamente os indivíduos com ou sem um diagnóstico de enfermagem. A análise de classes latentes tem sido utilizada por vários pesquisadores da temática nos dias atuais.
Family functionality of elderly with diabetes mellitus / Funcionalidade familiar de idosos com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sousa Walana Érika Amâncio Sousa , Sardinha Ana Hélia de Lima , Verzaro Pabline Medeiros , Balata Ingrid Loyane Bezerra , Dos Santos Samira Rodrigues , Guterres Dayanne Maria Boas
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade familiar de idosos com diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada no período de 15 de junho a 28 de novembro de 2017 no Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, com a aplicação de um roteiro sistematizado seguido do APGAR de família, totalizando 186 idosos. Resultados: Os dados revelaram índice de famílias funcionais em 92,47% dos casos. A disfunção familiar moderada foi relatada por 4,30% e elevada disfunção familiar presente em 3,23%. Conclusão: Os idosos apresentaram na sua maioria famílias funcionais, podendo-se concluir que essas famílias podem ser fonte recurso psicossocial, sendo capazes de absorver e lidar com situações de crise.
Retirement of university teachers: documentary research of brazilian scientific production trends / Aposentadoria de docentes universitários: pesquisa documental acerca das tendências da produção científica brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Isabel Cristine , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Santos José Luis Guedes dos , Halberstadt Bruna Marta Kleinert , Megier Elisa Rucks , Moreira Daniela
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar, descrever e analisar as tendências da produção científica brasileira sobre a aposentadoria docente. Método: pesquisa documental realizada em junho de 2019 no Portal de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior e Banco Digital de Teses e Dissertações. Utilizou-se como estratégia de busca os descritores “Aposentadoria” AND “Docente”, sendo a amostra composta por 12 trabalhos, os quais foram analisados sob a proposta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: o processo de aposentadoria docente foi estudado em oito dissertações e quatro teses, com concentração das defesas entre 2013 a 2016 e utilização da abordagem qualitativa. Conclusão: observa-se tendência de investimentos em estudos sobre a fase pós-aposentadoria, inferindo-se a necessidade de investigar a fase de pré-aposentadoria, com vistas a uma transição equilibrada e ativa, (re) significando as possibilidades que esta nova fase pode representar aos docentes.
Nursing care in hemodialysis: integrative review / Cuidados de enfermagem na hemodiálise: revisão integrativa
Authors: Baudilio Belzarez Guedez José , Ribeiro Lacerda Maria , Dias do Nascimento Jaqueline , Tonin Luana , De Godoi Caceres Nayla Tamara
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de enfermagem realizados ao paciente em hemodiálise. Método: revisão integrativa da produção científica brasileira sobre a temática do cuidado de enfermagem em hemodiálise produzido nos últimos dez anos, disponíveis na base de dados do Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior. Para a avaliação da informação os autores elaboraram um instrumento com três variáveis relacionadas a questão que norteia o estudo. Resultados: a amostra final foi constituída por 22 estudos. Identificou-se um total de sete temáticas: relacionamento interpessoal, educação em saúde, cuidado das subjetividades do paciente em hemodiálise, cuidado da ingesta, cuidado do aceso venoso, adaptação à hemodiálise e segurança do paciente respetivamente. Conclusão: ressalta-se a necessidade de um aprofundamento por parte de enfermagem no cuidado a partir das subjetividades que contextualizam ao paciente inserido em hemodiálise.
Hospitalizations for malignant breast neoplasia in brazilian regions from 2014 to 2018 / Internações por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2014 a 2018
Authors: Costa Ferrari Yasmim Anayr , De Oliveira Fontes Paula Juliana , Santos Ferreira Andrade Thandara Rejane , Alencar Santos Ianka Heloisa , Cavalcante Anderson Batista
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os casos de internação por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras de 2014 a 2018. Método:  estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado através dos dados referentes aos internamentos por neoplasia maligna da mama nas cinco regiões brasileiras disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. Resultados: foram notificados 305.086 internamentos por câncer de mama no período de 2014 a 2018. Em 2017 ocorreram o maior número de internações com 65.029 (21,3%) casos, a região Sudeste ocupou o primeiro lugar com 51,1% dos internamentos, houve predominância do sexo feminino (98,9%), cor branca (45,8%) e na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos (51,3%). Conclusão: os dados encontrados mostram que a conscientização dos profissionais e da população sobre a importância da prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de mama é um fator essencial para a mudança do panorama no país.
Phase‐Transition Interlayer Enables High‐Performance Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Sulfide Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Li Yang , Arnold William , Halacoglu Selim , Jasinski Jacek B. , Druffel Thad , Wang Hui
Published: April 2021

All‐solid‐state sodium (Na) batteries (ASSSBs) using sulfide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted intensive attention due to their superior safety, high energy density, and low cost. However, the interfacial issue is one of the biggest challenges to achieve high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSSBs due to the serious reactions between active Na metal and sulfide SEs at the interface. To address the interfacial challenges, a simple and efficient approach by introducing a phase transition polymer electrolyte as an interlayer to stabilize the interface is proposed. Na3SbS4 as a model sulfide SE is used to demonstrate the interlayer strategy to stabilize the interface by preventing the detrimental reactions and inhibiting Na dendrites. As a result, stable Na plating/stripping is observed in Na symmetric cells under the current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, ASSSBs with Na metal and TiS2 electrode deliver long‐term stability over 300 cycles remaining a specific capacity above 100 mAh g−1, and FeS2||Na cells exhibit an impressive specific capacity of up to 200 mAh g−1 after the 20th cycles. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy to address interfacial challenges between sulfide SEs and Na metal, which contributes to the development of ASSSBs in next‐generation energy storage systems.
A Universal In Situ Cross‐Linking Strategy Enables Orthogonal Processing of Full‐Color Organic Microlaser Arrays
Authors: Fan Yuqing , Zhang Chunhuan , Du Yuxiang , Qiao Chan , Wang Kang , Hou Yue , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: April 2021

Large‐scale red, green, and blue (RGB) microlaser arrays capable of exhibiting full‐color laser emissions are urgently desired for high‐performance flat‐panel laser displays. With excellent solution processability and optoelectronic properties, organic materials are promising candidates for full‐color microlasers; however, the heterogeneous integration of full‐color microlasers remains a challenge due to their poor solution stability to withstand multistage solution processing. Here, a robust in situ cross‐linking strategy is proposed to enable orthogonal processing of organic microlasers to heterogeneously integrate large‐scale full‐color organic microlaser arrays. The organic microlasers with controlled physical dimensions and spatial locations are fabricated with an electron beam (e‐beam) induced in situ polymerization reaction. Profiting from enhanced orthogonality of microlasers, large‐scale pixelated RGB microlaser arrays are monolithically integrated through successive e‐beam patterning processes. Laser emissions in the RGB microlaser pixels cover a color gamut 41% larger than the standard RGB space, with which flexible full‐color organic laser display patterns with a resolution of 254 dpi on a centimeter scale is obtained. The scalable heterogeneous integration platform reported in this work will pave a new avenue for the efficient construction of large‐scale high‐performance organic integrated optoelectronic devices.
Refocusing the Immune Response to Selected Epitopes on a Zika Virus Protein Antigen by Nanopatterning
Authors: Castro Ana , Carreño Juan Manuel , Duehr James , Krammer Florian , Kane Ravi S.
Published: April 2021

Infections with Zika virus (ZIKV) are linked to the development of severe central nervous system disorders, but the need for a ZIKV vaccine remains unmet. Although the design of vaccines that elicit antibodies targeting domain III (DIII) of the ZIKV envelope (E) protein as an antigen is an attractive strategy, poorly neutralizing or cross‐reactive antibodies that target the E protein may lead to antibody‐dependent enhancement of disease. It is therefore decided to use the previously reported nanopatterning technique, which combines the site‐specific incorporation of non‐canonical amino acids with site‐specific functionalization of the protein with polyethylene glycol (PEG), to shield selected epitopes on DIII. Two different nanopatterned DIII variants are designed and characterized and demonstrate that epitope shielding with PEG completely inhibits the binding of epitope‐specific antibodies in vitro. Furthermore, immunization with multivalent nanopatterned DIII antigens results in the refocusing of the antibody response toward the exposed epitopes on the protein surface and away from potentially enhancing epitopes. This ability to redirect the antibody response toward targeted regions of the DIII protein should be useful for the design of effective and safe ZIKV vaccines.
Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Xu Jian , Lim Jongcheon , Nolan James K. , Lee Hyowon , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: April 2021

The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well‐poised for the next generation of closed‐loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on‐tooth tattoos, skin‐mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real‐time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self‐regulating closed‐loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
Preparation and properties of a novel green solid polymer electrolyte for all‐solid‐state lithium battery
Authors: Ge Zhen , Liu Xiaoli , Zou Xiaobin , Zhan Yu , Luo Yunjun
Published: April 2021

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)‐based lithium batteries have easy processing and safety for energy vehicles and storage. However, the preparation process of SPEs mostly used a lot of organic solvents, which will threaten human living space and body health. Herein, a novel green solid polymer electrolyte (ionic liquid type waterborne polyurethane, IWPUS) without no organic solvents was prepared from hybrids of ionic liquid‐based waterborne polyurethane (IWPU) and LiClO4. The structure and properties of IWPUS were investigated by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, ion conductivity test. The results showed that Li+ of LiClO4 could coordinate with CO and COC in the polyurethane matrix. LiClO4 had been well dispersed in IWPU. The conductivity of IWPUS increased with the increase of LiClO4 content. The higher conductivity of IWPUS with 20% LiClO4 at 80°C was 1.8 × 10−4 s•cm−1. IWPUS based on ionic liquid‐based waterborne polyurethane would be promised to become an environmentally friendly candidate for all solid‐state lithium ion batteries.
Flexible ultraviolet detector with robust ZnO nanoparticle nanoassemblies on catechol‐functionalized polysiloxane nanofilms
Authors: Liu Yida , Zhu Huie , Watanabe Akira , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Miyashita Tokuji , Mitsuishi Masaya
Published: April 2021

As a result of the vast Young's moduli difference between an inorganic semiconducting channel and flexible substrates, flexible optoelectronic devices readily lose their functionality through material delamination and local fracturing, which lead to short‐circuiting of devices. For this study, we synthesized a catechol‐containing polysiloxane (CFPS) adhesive and applied it to ZnO nanoparticle (NP) assembly on plastic substrates for flexible UV detector applications. The 30 nm thick CFPS adhesive can anchor 70 nm thick ZnO NPs strongly through a coordination bond, thereby forming an ultra‐stable ZnO NP channel layer. A peeling test of ZnO NP layer was conducted using transparent tape (Scotch®; 3 M Inc.). The ZnO NPs were firmly immobilized, reflecting the outstanding mechanical stability of CFPS adhesives. A UV detector also exhibited stable photo‐response performance even after a thousand iterations of bending with 3 mm curvature radii. The result indicates the polycyclosiloxane‐based flexible device as promising for wearable detector applications.
Research inequity in the plant sciences
Authors: Culley Theresa M. , Philpott Megan , Tunison Robert , Merritt Benjamin J. , Barreiro Sanchez José M. , Wafer Alexis , Holdren Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Do all plant biologists worldwide have equal access to novel methods, enabling them to be equally productive, publish, and receive credit for their research? Or does reduced access to cutting‐edge techniques in countries with lower financial resources create an inequity for researchers located there? Such disparities and biases do exist within our discipline and must be addressed if we are to move forward as a more just society.Applications in Plant Scienceshas taken steps to address this important issue of research inequity, as outlined below. We now call upon the entire botanical community—researchers, editors and reviewers, funding agencies, and publishers—to work together toward a more equitable environment for all researchers around the world.
A novel and sensitive method for determination of amisulpride in human plasma by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Qu Kankan , Wang Feng , Du Zhiqiang , Wang Shushan , Zhang Zhongdong , Shen Yuan
Published: April 2021

A novel and sensitive heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method (2D‐LC–UV) was developed and validated for determination of amisulpride in human plasma. The 2D‐LC system consists of a first dimensional (1D) LC column and a middle transfer column as well as a second‐dimensional (2D) LC column. After simple protein precipitation, the sample was directly injected into the introduction valve of the 2D‐LC system. The1D column, playing a role of primary separation and preconcentration for complex plasma matrices, transferred the targets to the intermediate column. Following capture of targets on the middle column online, the analytes were transferred to the2D separation column by a six‐port valve. The2D column, avoiding interference from the plasma matrix, completed further separation and quantification. An assistant pump was optimized for primary enrichment as well as final elution in the heart‐cutting mode. The analytical time of amisulpride was 7.401 min. The accuracy was between 0.48 and 8.49%, while the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions ranged from 0.9 to 3.1% and from 1.7% to 3.3%, respectively. The linear range of amisulpride was 48.15–2,407.59 ng/ml, while the extraction recovery was 98.7–101.3%. The strategy established in the study, which was successfully applied to therapeutic drug monitoring of amisulpride for routine clinical detection, displays high sensitivity, good repeatability, convenience and low cost.
The effect of cross‐linking degree on physicochemical properties of surimi gel as affected by MTGase
Authors: An Yueqi , Xiong Shanbai , Liu Ru , You Juan , Yin Tao , Hu Yang
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The transglutaminase‐induced cross‐linking reaction can enhance the textural properties of surimi gels. However, when the cross‐linking degree exceeds a certain range, surimi gels become brittle, giving the gel a special mouthfeel. Little information is to be found regarding the brittleness of surimi gel and its formation mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cross‐links on physicochemical properties of surimi gel and to analyze the reason for the textural variation of surimi gels regulated by cross‐links.

RESULTS

When the cross‐linking degree was lower than about 30%, the surimi gel could not be fractured and the surimi gel was mushy. When the cross‐linking degree was around 40–55%, surimi gels without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) presented an elastic texture, while surimi gels with MTGase displayed a tough texture. When the cross‐linking degrees were 64.1% and 76.5%, surimi gels became brittle. Water holding capacity decreased with the increase in cross‐linking degree and the cross‐links released some combined water to free water. With the increase in cross‐links, the pore equivalent diameter and the fractal dimension first decreased and then increased. When the cross‐linking degree exceeded approximately 50%, hydrophobic interaction increased, consistent with the exposure of hydrophobic residues and the decrease in the water gap between proteins.

CONCLUSION

The changes in gel texture were related to micro‐network structure, water status and microenvironment of proteins. It was demonstrated that the texture of slowly heated surimi‐based products could be regulated by controlling the TGase‐induced cross‐links. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
How weather conditions affect guest arrivals and duration of stay: An alpine destination case
Authors: Bausch Thomas , Gartner William C. , Humpe Andreas
Published: April 2021

Weather can be a major concern for travelers when choosing a destination, preparing their trip and during their stay. Existing publications focus on explaining the role of weather based on one, or at most, a few parameters and usually for one season. This paper proposes a new approach covering all four seasons by connecting daily data from meteorological stations to tourists' registration information. This approach allows for an understanding of travel volumes based on actual travel data and not on perceptions or desired outcomes. The results suggest a clear impact of weather on the number and duration of short‐term trips for all seasons. There was no clear indication that weather forecasts played a significant role in the structure of mid or long term trips.
Optomechanical Wagon‐Wheel Effects for Bidirectional Sorting of Dielectric Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Xiaohao , Yang Yi , Chen Lixiang , Chen Xixi , Wu Tianli , Li Yuchao , Liu Xiaoshuai , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun
Published: April 2021

The visual perception of a moving target is not always true. Wheels turning rapidly, for instance, may look like rotating inversely. This phenomenon is known as the wagon‐wheel effect (WWE) and it is caused by the undersampling of visual information. Here, an analogous manifestation of the WWE concept is described in the scenario of light–matter interactions, by showing that the dynamic response of a particle, to an optical trap scanned at different rates, can be diametrically opposed. Further, such behaviors are modulated by the particle dimensions, which can be exploited for particle size selection. The results uncover a distinct paradigm of nontrivial optical manipulation and expand the bidirectional optical sorting range of dielectric particles to the sub‐200 nm scale.
Improving the rate of anthropometric measurements in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Pace Autumn , Zobel Amanda , Gearman Laura , Seitzer Dale , Larson‐Nath Catherine , Somani Arif
Published: April 2021

Background

Malnutrition occurs in approximately 25% of pediatric intensive care patients and correlates with increased length of stay, prolonged ventilation, and mortality. Anthropometric measurements should be obtained at admission and throughout hospitalization to evaluate nutrition status. We aimed to increase documentation, reporting, and discussion of anthropometric measurements, including height/length, weight, and occipital frontal circumference (OFC) within 24 hours of admission and weekly.

Methods

A multifaceted process improvement model was implemented over 1 month. Interventions included education, recruiting nurse champions, process mapping, new equipment, and formal discussion of nutrition status during rounds. A proportions hypothesis test compared frequency of anthropometric measures obtained during each study phase: preintervention, postintervention, and sustainment.

Results

In terms of admission metrics over respective study phases, the PICU had fluctuation in weights (91%, 98%, and 97%) and height (49%, 73%, and 71%) and increased rates in OFC (36%, 61%, and 65%). The cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) had stable weights (100%, 100%, and 100%) and increased rates in height (87%, 94%, and 95%) and OFC (28%, 64%, and 86%), respectively. In terms of weekly metrics over study phases, the PICU had fluctuation in weights (91%, 89%, and 93%) and increased rates in heights (38%, 69%, and 76%) and OFC (45%, 76%, and 100%). The CVICU had increased rates in weights (98%, 100%, and 100%) and fluctuations in heights (50%, 83%, and 75%), and OFC (48%, 84%, and 75%).

Conclusions

Interventions increased rates of measurements. During the sustainment phase, there was regression in rates, although these remained above baseline. Additional interventions may increase compliance and foster change in unit culture.
Measuring how two proteins affect each other's net charge in a crowded environment
Authors: Dashnaw Chad M. , Koone Jordan C. , Abdolvahabi Alireza , Shaw Bryan F.
Published: April 2021

Theory predicts that the net charge (Z) of a protein can be altered by the net charge of a neighboring protein as the two approach one another below the Debye length. This type of charge regulation suggests that a protein's charge and perhaps function might be affected by neighboring proteins without direct binding. Charge regulation during protein crowding has never been directly measured due to analytical challenges. Here, we show that lysine specific protein crosslinkers (NHS ester‐Staudinger pairs) can be used to mimic crowding by linking two non‐interacting proteins at a maximal distance of ~7.9 Å. The net charge of the regioisomeric dimers and preceding monomers can then be determined with lysine‐acyl “protein charge ladders” and capillary electrophoresis. As a proof of concept, we covalently linked myoglobin (Zmonomer = −0.43 ± 0.01) and α‐lactalbumin (Zmonomer = −4.63 ± 0.05). Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that crosslinking did not significantly alter the structure of either protein or result in direct binding (thus mimicking crowding). Ultimately, capillary electrophoretic analysis of the dimeric charge ladder detected a change in charge of ΔZ = −0.04 ± 0.09 upon crowding by this pair (Zdimer = −5.10 ± 0.07). These small values of ΔZ are not necessarily general to protein crowding (qualitatively or quantitatively) but will vary per protein size, charge, and solvent conditions.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on fibroblast growth factor‐23 in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karimi Elmira , Bitarafan Sama , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Zargarzadeh Nikan , Mokhtari Pari , Hawkins Jessie , Meysamie Alipasha , Koohdani Fariba
Published: April 2021

This is a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on serum fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23) concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Manuscripts were extracted from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science through February 2020. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and meta‐regression assessments were performed. A total of eight clinical trials with nine treatment arms were included in the final analysis. The pooled results showed no significant changes in circulating FGF23 following vitamin D supplementation compared to the control group (Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.24; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): −0.03 to 0.50, p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses found that studies which had participants with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m2, with an intervention duration shorter than 15 weeks, using phosphate binder medications, and trials that were on both patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis and patients without hemodialysis treatment produced significant increases in FGF23 when concentration compared with the control group. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that vitamin D supplementation does not have a significant effect on plasma FGF23 levels. However, further high‐quality trials are required to identify the influence of oral vitamin D supplementation on FGF23 levels in patients with CKD.
Simultaneous determination of triclosan, triclocarban, triclocarban metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Luo Qiong , Zhang Hongna , Zhou Yanqiu , Liu Zehua , Cai Zongwei
Published: April 2021

Rationale

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ubiquitous antimicrobial agents incorporated in consumer and personal care products. Due to their human health risks, it is essential to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to simultaneously quantify TCS, TCC, as well as their metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples.

Methods

The quantitative parameters of TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts (2'‐OH‐TCC, 3'‐OH‐TCC, 6‐OH‐TCC, DHC, DCC, NCC) were optimized by using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples was optimized based on enzyme dosage and incubation time. The efficiencies of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were compared. The effectiveness of the established method was evaluated, and method application was validated using real urine and serum samples.

Results

The conjugates were sufficiently hydrolyzed under 500 U/mL β‐glucuronidase and 80 U/mL sulfatase at 37°C for 4 h. Compared with the LLE method, SPE achieved higher extraction efficiency in both urine and serum samples. The optimized SPE‐UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS method showed low limits of detection (LODs) in the range 0.001–0.3 ng/mL and good linearity (R2 > 0.99) at 0.01–150 ng/mL in both matrices. Excellent recoveries of 82.0%–120.7% (urine) and 76.7%–113.9% (serum) were obtained with low relative standard deviation (RSD, <7.6%) for inter‐day and intra‐day injections. This method was applicable to quantify target compounds in multiple biological urine and serum samples. Notably, TCS and TCC were detected with average concentrations of 8.37 and 10.46 ng/mL, respectively, in 15 Chinese female urine samples, with the simultaneous detection of TCC metabolites and byproducts.

Conclusions

A reliable method was established to simultaneously determine TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples by using UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS. This sensitive methodology provides the basis for the evaluation of TCS and TCC exposure at the metabolic level.
In Situ Assembly of Ordered Hierarchical CuO Microhemisphere Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Bifunctional Sensing Applications
Authors: Dai Tiantian , Deng Zanhong , Fang Xiaodong , Lu Huadong , He Yong , Chang Junqing , Wang Shimao , Zhu Nengwei , Li Liang , Meng Gang
Published: April 2021

Seeking a facile approach to directly assemble bridged metal oxide nanowires on substrates with predefined electrodes without the need for complex postsynthesis alignment and/or device procedures will bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications for diverse biochemical sensing, electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices. Herein, regularly bridged CuO microhemisphere nanowire arrays (RB‐MNAs) are rationally designed on indium tin oxide electrodes via thermal oxidation of ordered Cu microhemisphere arrays obtained by solid‐state dewetting of patterned Ag/Cu/Ag films. Both the position and spacing of CuO microhemisphere nanowires can be well controlled by as‐used shadow mask and the thickness of Cu film, which allows homogeneous manipulation of the bridging of adjacent nanowires grown from neighboring CuO hemispheres, and thus benefits highly sensitive trimethylamine (TMA) sensors and broad band (UV–visible to infrared) photodetectors. The electrical response of 3.62 toward 100 ppm TMA is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art CuO‐based sensors. Together with the feasibility of in situ assembly of RB‐MNAs device arrays via common lithographic technologies, this work promises commercial device applications of CuO nanowires.
Looking toward the future: The educational aspirations of rural African American students
Authors: Williams‐Johnson Meca , Cain Elise J.
Published: April 2021

Educational challenges in rural places are compounded when discussions include race and ethnicity. In this chapter we explore how family, school, and community factors influence rural African American students’ educational aspirations. Based on this review of literature, we make recommendations for student affairs practice.
Rural Indigenous students’ postsecondary experiences: North and South of the Medicine Line
Authors: Henning Denise , Wheeler Winona
Published: April 2021

Indigenous students from rural communities attending postsecondary institutions can face unique challenges that negatively impact persistence and retention rates. Unfortunately, most postsecondary institutions are ill‐equipped to understand and support this population. This chapter briefly outlines the challenges rural Indigenous students encounter and provides best practices developed by postsecondary institutions that can increase Indigenous student success.
Translating rural Latinx students’ cultural wealth to college campuses
Authors: Marlow‐McCowin Jarvis , Ottley Jason , Pérez David
Published: April 2021

Asset‐based thinking and practice is a necessary approach to meeting the needs of rural Latinx students. This chapter provides an overview of asset‐based narratives among Latinx and rural Latinx students while offering recommendations for educators to enhance their capacity to facilitate the success of this population.
Recognizing and supporting queer students from rural areas
Authors: Sorgen Carl H. , Rogers Baker A.
Published: April 2021

Queer*youth from rural areas who attend colleges and universities bring with them prior educational and life experiences that may be different from their urban and suburban peers. This chapter discusses how rurality intersects with sexual orientation and gender identity, and highlights implications for supporting queer students from rural areas.
Editors’ afterword
Authors: Cain Elise J. , Sorgen Carl H. , Calhoun Daniel W.
Published: April 2021

In this brief conclusion, the editors recap the issue and acknowledge rurality as an aspect of some college students’ identities. We also provide considerations for future research to inform practices that support students from rural backgrounds.
Residual stress reduction of LPBF-processed CM247LC samples via multi laser beam strategies
Authors: Gerstgrasser Marcel , Cloots Michael , Stirnimann Josef , Wegener Konrad
Published: April 2021

Based on SLM parameters from previous works, which guarantee fully dense and crack free CM247LC samples, multi laser beam strategies have been pursued to reduce residual stresses or rather distortion during LPBF processing. By using a second post heating and non-melting laser source with a defocused laser beam and lateral offset, cantilever distortion is reduced more than 7.5%, compared to the reference. Based on pre-tests with 9 different offset parameters, the optimum offset has been identified. Also, an upper limit for the laser power of 65 W is identified for the second heat laser beam with a spot diameter of 380 μm, to avoid re-melting and creating new defects. A theoretical “two bar model,” to explain the residual stress behavior and reduction with multi laser beam offset strategy during the LPBF process, is presented. Furthermore, re-melting cracks, defects, and microstructure are analyzed in conjunction with the second defocused offset laser, in case of a 200 W laser power, an increased scan speed of 1300 mms/s, and a reduced hatch distance. Secondary electron signal (SE) images of re-melting cracks are analyzed and compared to SE-image of hot cracks (solidification cracks). Based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the results of the microstructure from the last mentioned multi laser beam approach, which creates re-melting cracks, are presented and analyzed.
Analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes in plucked hair samples using massive parallel sequencing
Authors: Naue Jana , Winkelmann Julia , Schmidt Ulrike , Lutz-Bonengel Sabine
Published: April 2021

The analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes is a valuable tool in epigenetic research and forensic genetics. With some exceptions, most studies in the past concentrated on the analysis of blood, buccal, and saliva samples. Another important sample type in forensic investigations is hair, where age-dependent DNA methylation has not been investigated so far. In this pilot study a deeper look was taken at the possibilities and challenges of DNA methylation analysis in hair. The DNA methylation of selected age-dependent 5’-C-phosphate-G‑3’ (CpG) sites were characterized for their potential use as a biomarker for age prediction using plucked hair samples and massive parallel sequencing. Plucked hair roots of 49 individuals were included in the study. The DNA methylation of 31 hairs was successfully analyzed. The DNA methylation pattern of 10 loci, including ELOVL2, F5, KLF14, and TRIM59, was determined by amplicon-based massive parallel sequencing. Age-dependent changes were found for several markers. The results demonstrate the possible use of already established age-dependent markers but at the same time they have tissue/cell type-specific characteristics. Special challenges such as low amounts of DNA and degraded DNA as well as the possible heterogeneous cellular composition of plucked hair samples, have to be considered.