bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental Outcome in High-Risk Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Patients: An Appeal for International Standardization
Authors: Snoek Kitty G. , Capolupo Irma , Braguglia Annabella , Aite Lucia , van Rosmalen Joost , Valfrè Laura , Wijnen René M. , Bagolan Pietro , Tibboel Dick , IJsselstijn Hanneke
Published: September 2015

Background: Since mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is decreasing, morbidity such as neurodevelopmental outcome is becoming increasingly important. Objectives: We evaluated neurodevelopmental outcome in high-risk CDH patients treated according to the CDH EURO Consortium standardized treatment protocol. Methods: This observational, prospective cohort study was conducted in two European centers. Neurodevelopment of 88 patients (Rotterdam n = 49; Rome n = 39) was assessed at 12 and 24 months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID)-II-NL (Rotterdam) or BSID-III (Rome). Data of the centers were analyzed separately. Results: Cognition was normal in 77.8% of children from Rotterdam and in 94.8% from Rome at 12 months, and in 70.7 and 97.4%, respectively, at 24 months. Motor function was normal in 64.3% from Rotterdam and in 81.6% from Rome at 12 months and in 45.7 and 89.8%, respectively, at 24 months. Longer length of hospital stay (LoS) was associated with worse cognitive outcome and motor function; LoS, low socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were associated with lower cognition. Conclusions: At 2 years, most CDH patients have normal cognition, but are at risk for motor function delay. Due to differences in outcomes between centers, careful interpretation is needed before conclusions can be drawn for other centers. Future multicenter collaboration should not only focus on standardization of postnatal care, but also on international standardization of follow-up to identify risk factors and thereby reduce morbidity.
Arterial Smooth Muscle Mitochondria Amplify Hydrogen Peroxide Microdomains Functionally Coupled to L-Type Calcium Channels
Authors: Chaplin Nathan L. , Nieves-Cintrón Madeline , Fresquez Adriana M. , Navedo Manuel F. , Amberg Gregory C.
Published: September 2015

Rationale:

Mitochondria are key integrators of convergent intracellular signaling pathways. Two important second messengers modulated by mitochondria are calcium and reactive oxygen species. To date, coherent mechanisms describing mitochondrial integration of calcium and oxidative signaling in arterial smooth muscle are incomplete.

Objective:

To address and add clarity to this issue, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondria regulate subplasmalemmal calcium and hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling in cerebral arterial smooth muscle.

Methods and Results:

Using an image-based approach, we investigated the impact of mitochondrial regulation of L-type calcium channels on subcellular calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling microdomains in isolated arterial smooth muscle cells. Our single-cell observations were then related experimentally to intact arterial segments and to living animals. We found that subplasmalemmal mitochondrial amplification of hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling stimulates L-type calcium channels, and that this mechanism strongly impacts the functional capacity of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Importantly, we also found that disrupting this mitochondrial amplification mechanism in vivo normalized arterial function and attenuated the hypertensive response to systemic endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

From these observations, we conclude that mitochondrial amplification of subplasmalemmal calcium and hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling is a fundamental mechanism regulating arterial smooth muscle function. As the principle components involved are fairly ubiquitous and positioning of mitochondria near the plasma membrane is not restricted to arterial smooth muscle, this mechanism could occur in many cell types and contribute to pathological elevations of intracellular calcium and increased oxidative stress associated with many diseases.
Causes of Death Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xiong Tian‐Yuan , Liao Yan‐Biao , Zhao Zhen‐Gang , Xu Yuan‐Ning , Wei Xin , Zuo Zhi‐Liang , Li Yi‐Jian , Cao Jia‐Yu , Tang Hong , Jilaihawi Hasan , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao
Published: September 2015

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (
TAVR
) is an effective alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients at high surgical risk. However, there is little published literature on the exact causes of death.

Methods and Results

The PubMed database was systematically searched for studies reporting causes of death within and after 30 days following
TAVR
. Twenty‐eight studies out of 3934 results retrieved were identified. In the overall analysis, 46.4% and 51.6% of deaths were related to noncardiovascular causes within and after the first 30 days, respectively. Within 30 days of
TAVR
, infection/sepsis (18.5%), heart failure (14.7%), and multiorgan failure (13.2%) were the top 3 causes of death. Beyond 30 days, infection/sepsis (14.3%), heart failure (14.1%), and sudden death (10.8%) were the most common causes. All possible subgroup analyses were made. No significant differences were seen for proportions of cardiovascular deaths except the comparison between moderate (mean
STS
score 4 to 8) and high (mean
STS
score >8) ‐risk patients after 30 days post‐
TAVR
(56.0% versus 33.5%,
P
=0.005).

Conclusions

Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes of death are evenly balanced both in the perioperative period and at long‐term follow‐up after
TAVR
. Infection/sepsis and heart failure were the most frequent noncardiovascular and cardiovascular causes of death. This study highlights important areas of clinical focus that could further improve outcomes after
TAVR
.
New species of Oideterus Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Anacolini) and notes on O. lobicollis
Authors: GALILEO MARIA HELENA M. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: September 2015

Oideterus inaequalis sp. nov. is described from Ecuador and compared with the holotype of O. lobicollis. The latter is excluded from the fauna of Ecuador. A key to known females of Oideterus is provided.
New species and new records of Terebellidae (Annelida: Terebelliformia)
from off the Brazilian coast
Authors: CARRERETTE ORLEMIR , NOGUEIRA JOÃO MIGUEL de MATOS
Published: September 2015

Three new species of Terebellidae Grube, 1850 were identified among material collected on hard substrates off the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. These species are Lanicola hutchingsae sp. nov., Eupolymnia corae sp. nov., and Neoleprea potiguara sp. nov., all herein described and compared with the morphologically most similar congeners. Lanicola hutchingsae sp. nov., is characterized by having lobes of segment 2–3 reaching beyond segment 1, with dorsal margin extending dorsally, covering bases of branchiae, and uncini with 3 rows of secondary teeth above main fang. Eupolymnia corae sp. nov., has lobes of segment 2 laterally higher, with dorsal margins rounded, and lobes of segments 3 and 4 progressively shorter, roughly triangular, with pointed tips, pairs of branchiae progressively shorter, all longitudinally aligned, and uncini throughout with 3 rows of secondary teeth above main fang. Neoleprea potiguara sp. nov., is characterized by having notopodia up to the segment 23, with nephridial papillae on segment 3 and genital papillae on segments 6–19. These are the first records for the genera Lanicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1986 and Neoleprea Hessle, 1917 in Brazilian waters.
Descriptions of five new eriophyoid mite species of the Diptilomiopidae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) from Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: RAJPUT SHAHJAHAN , LI HAO-SEN , XUE XIAO-FENG , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: September 2015

Five new eriophyoid mite species from Zhejiang Province, China are described and illustrated: Diptacus coreanus sp. nov. from Litsea coreana H. Lév. (Lauraceae), Neorhynacus camphoratus sp. nov. from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae),  Rhinotergum boehmerius sp. nov. from Boehmeria gracilis C.H. Wright (Urticaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus cathayensis sp. nov from Carya cathayensis Sarg. (Juglandaceae) and Rhyncaphytoptus lanceolatus sp. nov. from Cunnighamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Cupressaceae). All species were vagrant on their host plants with no visible damage observed.
Redescription of the rare Philippine false gecko Pseudogekko brevipes (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of a new species
Authors: DAVIS DREW R. , WATTERS JESSA L. , KÖHLER GUNTHER , WHITSETT COLLIN , HURON NICHOLAS A. , BROWN RAFE M. , DIESMOS ARVIN C. , SILER CAMERON D.
Published: September 2015

Recent investigations into the species diversity of false geckos (genus Pseudogekko Taylor) have revealed several cryptic species, highlighting the need for a more thorough understanding of diversity within this enigmatic genus of endemic Philippine geckos. Newly available genetic data reveal that two of the four currently recognized species are complexes of multiple deeply divergent evolutionary lineages. In this paper we evaluate species diversity in one of these complexes, P. brevipes Boettger, and describe one additional new species. For nearly a century, P. brevipes has been recognized as a single, “widespread” species with a geographic range spanning two major faunal regions and several island groups. Poor understanding of this species has persisted due to both limited sampling and its apparent rarity. We evaluate both morphological and genetic data to define species limits in P. brevipes, and find character-based evidence to justify the recognition of two unique evolutionary lineages, one of which we describe as a new species (P. atiorum sp. nov.). The species included in this study have allopatric distributions and differ from congeners by numerous diagnostic characters of external morphology, and therefore should be recognized as full species in accordance with lineage-based species concepts. This newly described species increases the total number of species of Pseudogekko to seven.
Valid or not? Yunnan mountain snake Plagiopholis unipostocularis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pseudoxenodontinae)
Authors: ZHONG GUANG HUI , CHEN WEN DE , LIU QIN , ZHU FEI , PENG PEI HAO , GUO PENG
Published: September 2015

Plagiopholis unipostocularis Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1978 is a small snake endemic to Yunnan, southern China. Its validity is still controversial and unresolved. Based on extensive sampling in Yunnan, we conducted morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetics on the unidentified specimens of Plagiopholis from Yunnan. Based on a combination of morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny, the newly collected specimens could be identified as P. blakewayi. While some specimens exhibit one or more diagnostics of P. unipostocularis, and some characteristics are intermediate between that of Plagiopholis unipostocularis and P. blakewayi. Thus morphological continuities between two species uncovered P. unipostocularis is a synonymy of P. blakewayi, and the diagnostics of this species was revised accordingly.
Evaluating Satellite-Based Diurnal Cycles of Precipitation in the African Tropics
Authors: Pfeifroth Uwe , Trentmann Jörg , Fink Andreas H. , Ahrens Bodo
Published: September 2015

Precipitation plays a major role in the energy and water cycles of the earth. Because of its variable nature, consistent observations of global precipitation are challenging. Satellite-based precipitation datasets present an alternative to in situ–based datasets in areas sparsely covered by ground stations. These datasets are a unique tool for model evaluations, but the value of satellite-based precipitation datasets depends on their application and scale. Numerous validation studies considered monthly or daily time scales, while less attention is given to subdaily scales. In this study subdaily satellite-based rainfall data are analyzed in West Africa, a region with strong diurnal variability. Several satellite-based precipitation datasets are validated, including Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), TRMM 3G68 products, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) data. As a reference, highly resolved in situ data from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis–Couplage de l’Atmosphere Tropical et du Cycle Hydrologique (AMMA-CATCH) are used. As a result, overall the satellite products capture the diurnal cycles of precipitation and its variability as observed on the ground reasonably well. CMORPH and TMPA data show overall good results. For locally induced convective rainfall in the evening most satellite data show slight delays in peak precipitation of up to 2 h.
Impacts of Updraft Size and Dimensionality on the Perturbation Pressure and Vertical Velocity in Cumulus Convection. Part II: Comparison of Theoretical and Numerical Solutions and Fully Dynamical Simulations
Authors: Morrison Hugh
Published: September 2015

This paper compares simple theoretical expressions relating vertical velocity, perturbation pressure, updraft size, and dimensionality for cumulus convection, derived in Part I, with numerical solutions of the anelastic buoyant perturbation pressure Poisson equation and vertical velocity w. A range of thermal buoyancy profiles representing shallow to deep moist convection are tested for both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) updrafts. The theoretical expressions give similar results for w and perturbation pressure difference from updraft top to base Δp compared to the numerical solutions over a wide range of updraft radius R. The theoretical expressions are also consistent with 2D and 3D fully dynamical updraft simulations initiated by warm bubbles of varying width.

Implications for nonhydrostatic modeling in the “gray zone,” with a horizontal grid spacing Δx of O(1–10) km where convection is generally underresolved, are discussed. The theoretical and numerical solutions give a scaling of updraft velocity with R (~Δx) consistent with fully dynamical 2D and 3D simulations in the gray zone, with a rapid decrease of maximum w at relatively small R and a slower decrease at large R. These results suggest that an incorrect representation of perturbation pressure may be an important contributor to biases in convective strength at these resolutions. The theoretical solutions also provide a concise physical interpretation of the “virtual mass” coefficient in convection parameterizations and can be easily incorporated into these schemes to provide a consistent scaling of perturbation pressure effects with R, updraft height, and the buoyancy profile.
Role of North Pacific Mixed Layer in the Response of SST Annual Cycle to Global Warming
Authors: Chen Changlin , Wang Guihua
Published: September 2015

The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean is examined in terms of its response to global warming based on climate model simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As the global ocean warms up, the SST in the North Pacific generally tends to increase and the warming is greater in summer than in winter, leading to a significant intensification of SST annual cycle. The mixed layer temperature equation is used to examine the mechanism of this intensification. Results show that the decrease of mixed layer depth (MLD) in summer is the main reason behind the intensification of SST annual cycle. Because the MLD in summer is much shallower than that in winter, the incoming net heat flux is trapped in a thinner surface layer in summer, causing a warmer summer SST and the amplification of SST annual cycle. The change of the SST annual cycle in the North Pacific may have profound ecological impacts.
Cricoarytenoid Articulation in Elderly Japanese With Special Reference to Morphology of the Synovial Tissue
Authors: Kawamoto-Hirano Ai , Honkura Yohei , Shibata Shunichi , Abe Shin-ichi , Murakami Gen , Katori Yukio
Published: September 2015

Objective:

To clarify composite fibers and cells in the synovial tissues of the cricoarytenoid joint (CA joint).

Methods:

Routine histology and immunohistrochemistry using sagittal or nearly sagittal sections obtained from 18 elderly cadaveric specimens.

Results:

The CA joint capsule was thin and contained few elastic fibers. A limited supportive ligament, namely, a thickened fascia of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, was sometimes evident on the lateral aspect of the CA joint. However, even in the weaker medial aspect of the joint, no marked destruction of the synovial tissues was found. The CA joint always contained synovial folds—a short medial fold and long lateral folds—but these contained no or few macrophages, lymphocytes, and blood capillaries. In 2 exceptional specimens showing inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosal tissue of the larynx, the macrophage-rich area extended toward the capsule and medial synovial fold.

Conclusions:

The lateral aspect of the CA joint was likely to be supported mechanically by the muscle-associated tissues. Strong support of the arytenoid by muscles might reduce the degree of CA joint injury with age. However, some patients with hoarseness due to mucosal inflammation of the larynx might have accompanying synovitis and subsequent cartilage injury in the CA joint.
Practices of Compassionate, Critical, Justice-Oriented Teacher Education
Authors: Conklin Hilary G. , Hughes Hilary E.
Published: September 2015

In this cross-institutional, qualitative case study, two teacher educators in urban teacher education programs identify and analyze the components of our teacher education practice in relation to a vision of compassionate, critical, justice-oriented teacher education. Using Grossman et al.’s concepts of preparation for professional practice as an analytic tool, we illuminate some of our teacher education practices that (a) facilitated the development of relationships and community within our classes, (b) honored preservice teachers’ lived experiences and existing attitudes, (c) introduced preservice teachers to multiple perspectives of viewing the world, and (d) provided a vision of equitable, intellectually challenging teaching and learning. Drawing on our data, we offer a pedagogical framework that identifies key features of compassionate, critical, justice-oriented teacher education to inform research and practice. We highlight the contributions of this framework for justice-oriented teacher education and the inherent complexity of attempts to parse such fundamentally messy relational practice.
Values of Bureaucratic Work
Authors: Racko Girts
Published: September 2015

While understanding values of bureaucratic work has been a fundamental concern of organizational sociology, research has remained divided over the nature of the values that underpin it. Examining the more generalized sociological insights on the values of bureaucratic work using a rigorous approach to value measurement, this study contributes to the reconciliation of the divergent conceptual insights on these values. Using the European Social Survey data of highly rationalized societies, this study finds employed senior managers to place systematically higher value on self-enhancement and openness to change and lower value on self-transcendence and conservation than their self-employed, entrepreneurial counterparts. The study also contributes to the understanding of the values of bureaucratic work, by examining the value implications of the duration of the employment of senior managers in bureaucratic organizations, and the organizational and the managerial bureaucratization of their work.
Attending at a Low Intensity Increases Impulsivity in an Auditory Sustained Attention to Response Task
Authors: Roebuck Hettie , Guo Kun , Bourke Patrick
Published: September 2015

Why attention lapses during prolonged tasks is debated, specifically whether errors are a consequence of under-arousal or exerted effort. To explore this, we investigated whether increased impulsivity is associated with effortful processing by modifying the demand of a task by presenting it at a quiet intensity. Here, we consider whether attending at low but detectable levels affects impulsivity in a population with intact hearing. A modification of the Sustained Attention to Response Task was used with auditory stimuli at two levels: the participants’ personal “lowest detectable” level and a “normal speaking” level. At the quiet intensity, we found that more impulsive responses were made compared with listening at a normal speaking level. These errors were not due to a failure in discrimination. The findings suggest an increase in processing time for auditory stimuli at low levels that exceeds the time needed to interrupt a planned habitual motor response. This leads to a more impulsive and erroneous response style. These findings have important implications for understanding the nature of impulsivity in relation to effortful processing. They may explain why a high proportion of individuals with hearing loss are also diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Effect of Arthroscopic Stabilization on In Vivo Glenohumeral Joint Motion and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Anterior Instability
Authors: Peltz Cathryn D. , Baumer Timothy G. , Mende Veronica , Ramo Nicole , Mehran Nima , Moutzouros Vasilios , Bey Michael J.
Published: September 2015

Background:

Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocations are common, and the resulting shoulder instability is often treated with arthroscopic stabilization. These procedures result in favorable clinical outcomes, but abnormal GHJ motion may persist, which may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis. However, the effects of shoulder instability and arthroscopic stabilization on GHJ motion are not well understood.

Hypothesis:

GHJ motion is significantly influenced by anterior instability and arthroscopic stabilization, but postsurgical measures of GHJ motion are not different from those of control subjects.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In vivo GHJ motion was measured by applying a computed tomographic model-based tracking technique to biplane radiographic images acquired during an apprehension test in healthy control subjects (n = 11) and anterior instability patients (n = 11). Patients were tested before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. Control subjects were tested once. Shoulder strength, active range of motion (ROM), and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) index were also measured.

Results:

Before surgery, the humerus of the instability patients during the apprehension test was located significantly more anteriorly on the glenoid (7.9% of glenoid width; 2.1 mm) compared with that of the controls ( P = .03), but arthroscopic stabilization moved this joint contact location posteriorly on the glenoid (4.7% of glenoid width; 1.1 mm; P = .03). After surgery, GHJ excursion during the apprehension test was significantly lower (14.7% of glenoid width; 3.6 mm) compared with presurgical values (19.4% of glenoid width; 4.7 mm; P = .01) and with that of the controls (22.4% of glenoid width; 5.7 mm; P = .01). The external and internal rotation strength of patients was significantly lower than that of the controls before surgery ( P < .05), but differences in strength did not persist after surgery ( P > .17). External rotation ROM in patients was significantly lower than that in control subjects both before and after arthroscopic stabilization ( P < .01). The WOSI score improved significantly, from 48.3 ± 13.1 presurgery to 86.3 ± 16.5 after surgery ( P = .0002).

Conclusion:

In patients with anterior instability, arthroscopic stabilization significantly improves measures of strength, ROM, and clinical outcome. However, GHJ excursion is not fully restored to levels seen in the control subjects.

Clinical Relevance:

Although arthroscopic stabilization satisfactorily restores most clinical outcome measures, GHJ excursion and external rotation ROM remain compromised compared with healthy control subjects and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in patients with anterior instability.
Thoughts about the Name of Our Discipline
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline , Aronowitz Teri , AbuFannouneh AbdulMuhsen , Usta Maysa’ Al , Fraley Hannah E. , Howlett Mary Susan L. , Mtengezo Jasintha Titani , Muchira James Muturi , Nava Adrianna , Thapa Saurja , Zhang Yuqing
Published: September 2015

This essay addresses the name of our discipline. Discussion of the use of the term, nursology, focuses on the origin of the term, its use as a name for our discipline and its use as a research method and a practice methodology. Advantages and disadvantages of nursology as the name for our discipline are gleaned from PhD program students’ responses to a question posed by Reed (1997).
Serendipity
Authors: Florczak Kristine L.
Published: September 2015

Since serendipity is the focus of this column, its definition is explored first. Then, qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are compared as to how they handle such unexpected findings. Next, the nature of complex adaptive systems is discussed. Here it is suggested that modifications to extant quantitative methodologies, including the incorporation of serendipitous findings, are requisite to explain the nature of dynamic ever-evolving systems.
Why Teach Nursing Theory?
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: September 2015

Nurse faculty face challenges in sharing the values and beliefs that make sense of the phenomena of nursing with their students. A focus on nursing theory is weakening. Insights are offered here from the unique perspective of the humanbecoming teaching-learning model (Parse, 2014) to guide nurse educators in promoting the integrity of nursing curriculum and providing nurses with the theoretical foundation to inform research, practice, and education.
From Awareness to Action
Authors: Kramer Desre , McMillan Keith , Gross Emily , Kone Pefoyo Anna J. , Bradley Mike , Holness Dorothy Linn
Published: September 2015

An exploratory qualitative case study investigated how different sectors of a highly industrialized community mobilized in the 1990s to help workers exposed to asbestos. For this study, thirty key informants including representatives from industry, workers, the community, and local politicians participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The analysis was framed by a “Dimensions of Community Change” model. The informants highlighted the importance of raising awareness, and the need for leadership, social and organizational networks, acquiring skills and resources, individual and community power, holding shared values and beliefs, and perseverance. We found that improvements in occupational health and safety came from persistently communicating a clearly defined issue (“asbestos exposure causes cancer”) and having an engaged community that collaborated with union leadership. Notable successes included stronger occupational health services, a support group for workers and widows, the fast-tracking of compensation for workers exposed to asbestos, and a reduction in hazardous emissions.
The Politics of Diet
Authors: Rebrovick Tripp
Published: September 2015

By situating contemporary food movements within a larger history of dietary advice, this study demonstrates both that diet has long been an important topic in Western political thought and that eating, not just speaking, voting, and legislating, is an important political act. Three distinct discursive formations have shaped the history of Western dietetics. Historians have already described two, the humoral and nutritionist traditions. I contend that a third discourse, eco-dietetics, emerged in the mid-twentieth century in the form of fresh, local, organic, and “Slow” food movements. Dietetic discourses can be distinguished by their conceptualizations of the body, healthy food, moral eating, and authoritative knowledge about aliment. Just as humoral and nutritionist dietetics, respectively, created knowledge of humors and nutrients, eco-dietetics has created a new object of knowledge: the effects of eating on the environment. But eco-dietetics contains two distinct variants, one agrarian, the other corporate, and the failure to distinguish between them has obscured the radical political potential of agrarian eco-dietetics, leading some critics to argue that it represents a disguised endorsement of neoliberalism. Agrarian eco-dietetics, however, challenges rather than bolsters neoliberalism by prioritizing food that is pleasurable rather than profitable and grown rather than purchased by the eater.
The 2e Student in the Heterogeneous Secondary Classroom
Authors: Belanger Derrick
Published: September 2015

This is a personal account of a middle school twice-exceptional student in the heterogeneous classroom.
Voices From the Field
Authors: Dickson Ken
Published: September 2015

School systems’ central office administrators sometimes take paths that seem easiest, even when it is clear the paths will not lead to sustained positive results that are needed—particularly in terms of twice-exceptional (2e) students. To appropriately address the needs of 2e learners, we must ensure that central office administrative services have the capacity to address 2e learners’ potential and their area of disability. This means that teachers will need to be capable of differentiating instruction, recognizing strengths in each learner, and providing interventions to help them be successful. Building this kind of capacity among central office administrators requires different thinking about resources and policy. It requires thinking about, supports, and services in integrated ways.
The Role of Clinical Psychologist
Authors: Amend Edward R. , Peters Dan
Published: September 2015

As clinical psychologists, our role is to provide psychological and educational testing, and counseling for children and their families. Our job is to understand the developmental trajectories and expectations across areas of functioning (i.e., behavior, self-regulation, cognitive, academic, and social), differentiate typical versus atypical development, and provide recommendations for accommodation, intervention, and growth in the home, at school, and in the community. As psychologists who work primarily with gifted and talented individuals, we see many with profound strengths as well as disabilities who are not easily categorized. These are twice-exceptional students. With twice-exceptionality, the diagnostic category, although important, is not the ultimate focus—identifying the needs and the strengths is equally, if not more, important.
Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Homicides Among Ethnic Sub-Groups of Asians
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Dabby Firoza Chic
Published: September 2015

This study explored differences in intimate partner homicides (IPHs) among Asian Americans. Data from newspapers and femicide reports by different state coalitions on 125 intimate partner killings occurring between 2000 and 2005 were analyzed. Men were the perpetrators in nearly 9 out of 10 cases of Asian IPHs. Gender differences were found in ages of victims and perpetrators, types of relationship between partners, and methods of killing. Most homicides occurred among South-east Asians, and East Asians had the highest within-group proportion of suicides. The findings call for culturally competent risk assessment and intervention strategies to prevent IPHs among at-risk Asian Americans.
Biosimilars: Hope and concern
Authors: Emmanouilides Christos E , Karampola Maria I , Beredima Maria
Published: September 2015

As patents of the first introduced biologic therapeutics in oncology have begun to expire, competing pharmaceutical companies are allowed to produce and market the same protein as the original agent. These products are called biosimilars. Upon patent expiration, biosimilars would hopefully be a cheaper alternative to the original agent and that is the main reason for their existence. Although the financial aspect is similar to generics, the complex nature of these products generates the need for a distinct regulatory environment. Biosimilars are produced by DNA technology in bacteria, plant cells, or animal cells, while generics are produced by chemical synthesis. Details in the process of synthesis, selection of the microorganism, protein extraction, purification and manufacturing, affect the precise nature of the end product. Monoclonal antibodies are large proteins with four polypeptide chains and interact variably with each other and with the environment. It is important for payors to realize that biosimilars are different from generics; therefore, they need to develop different set of rules for approving, registering, and dispensing biosimilars. Regulators ought to respect the physicians’ request for non-interchangeability and facilitate in any possible way of traceability. Such regulations along with a rigorous pharmacovigilance program will satisfy the concerns for true equivalence in activity and long-term safety. This is the only way to accumulate over time reliable safety information for new biosimilars. In conclusion, the wish born by the medical community and the society for a more affordable health system triggers the emergence of biosimilars, which could meet that goal if properly regulated.
Theatrical performance in the tourism industry
Authors: Song Hanqun
Published: September 2015

Theatrical performances have been developed quickly in many tourism destinations in China; however, little research has been focused on this important area. This study examined tourists’ perceptions towards The Romance of the Song Dynasty, one of the most successful performances targeted at tourists in China. Using importance–satisfaction analysis, this study revealed that the most important and satisfied attributes by tourists were primarily associated with the core service attributes (i.e. performing art), whereas the most unimportant and dissatisfied attributes by tourists were mainly associated with the peripheral service attributes (i.e. venue environment, service and tourist management). Both theoretical and practical contributions were provided in this study.
Knowledge of Dementia: Do family members understand dementia as a terminal condition?
Authors: Andrews Sharon , McInerney Fran , Toye Christine , Parkinson Camillus-Anthony , Robinson Andrew
Published: September 2015

Current research identifies advanced dementia to be the terminal phase of this progressive and incurable condition. However, there has been relatively little investigation into how family members of people with advanced dementia understand their relative’s condition. In this article, we report on semi-structured interviews with 10 family members of people with advanced dementia, in a residential aged care facility. Using a qualitative, descriptive design, we explored family members’ understandings of dementia, whether they were aware that it was a terminal condition, and the ways they developed their understandings. Findings revealed that the majority of family members could not recognize the terminal nature of dementia. Relying on predominantly lay understandings, they had little access to formal information and most failed to conceptualize a connection between dementia and death. Moreover, family members engaged in limited dialogue with aged care staff about such issues, despite their relatives being in an advanced stage of the disease. Findings from our study suggest that how family members understand their relative’s condition requires greater attention. The development of staff/family partnerships that promote shared communication about dementia and dying may enhance family members’ understandings of the dementia trajectory and the types of decisions they may be faced with during the more advanced stages of the disease.
Direct and mediated ties to universities: “Scientific” absorptive capacity and innovation performance of pharmaceutical firms
Authors: Belderbos René , Gilsing Victor A , Suzuki Shinya
Published: September 2015

Extant literature on firm–university collaboration has emphasized two different strategies that firms in science-based industries adopt to source scientific knowledge and expertise. On one hand, firms engage in direct research collaborations with universities. On the other hand, firms establish indirect, mediated, ties to universities by engaging in research collaborations with dedicated biotech firms that are themselves strongly linked to universities—with the dedicated biotech firm taking the role of “broker.” We argue that the relative benefits of direct and mediated ties depend on the extent to which firms have organized their research and development to facilitate the absorption, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation of scientific knowledge, which we coin “scientific absorptive capacity.” Drawing on patent and publication data in a panel of 33 vertically integrated pharmaceutical firms, we find that direct university collaboration is more beneficial for firms with relatively high scientific absorptive capacity, while only mediated ties are associated with greater innovative performance for firms with relatively low scientific absorptive capacity. The latter association is reduced if the mediated ties are with top universities. Our findings are suggestive of the importance of a “fit” between the nature of a firm’s research and development organization and its strategy to access scientific knowledge.
Developing the Next Generation of Globally Responsible Leaders
Authors: Williams Sue , Turnbull Sharon
Published: September 2015

The Problem

Middlebrooks, Miltenberger, Tweedy, Newman, and Follman note that leaders from the next generation need to both understand sustainability and have the capabilities to guide others in achieving the vision of a greener future. The purpose of this article is to discuss how Generation Y (Gen Y), who are currently moving into leadership positions worldwide, perceive the concepts of the greening of society. It then reflects on whether there are implications for Human Resource Development in developing the relevant skills and reflexive knowledge to lead in a sustainable way.

The Solution

Our article proposes that deeper understanding of the experiences, attitudes, values, and behaviors of this generation in relation to environmental and social issues will enable HRD practitioners to develop a more effective sustainable approach to the education, training, and development of this group over their career span. The article draws on written assignments from two groups of Gen Ys, one group had written essays on sustainable leadership as part of a selection process for a global organization’s conference on responsible leadership, the other were from a group of final year undergraduates on a business studies program at a U.K. university.

The Stakeholders

A very important group of stakeholders are the HRD academics and practitioners who wish to be in the vanguard of developing the ethos, capability, and behaviors that will enable Gen Y to actively promote and lead globally responsible organizations in the future. In addition, researchers interested in generational differences, leaders and other HR practitioners who recruit Gen Y employees as well as Gen Y people themselves who might wish to reflect on their approach to work may all find some resonance within this discussion.
Changing Attitude Toward Radiation Carcinogenesis and Prospects for Novel Low-Dose Radiation Treatments
Authors: Socol Yehoshua , Welsh James S.
Published: September 2015

All procedures involving ionizing radiation, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, are subject to strict regulation, and public concerns have been raised about even the low levels of radiation exposures involved in diagnostic imaging. During the last 2 decades, there are signs of more balanced attitude to ionizing radiation hazards, as opposed to the historical “radiophobia.” The linear no-threshold hypothesis, based on the assumption that every radiation dose increment constitutes increased cancer risk for humans, is increasingly debated. In particular, the recent memorandum of the International Commission on Radiological Protection admits that the linear no-threshold hypothesis predictions at low doses (that International Commission on Radiological Protection itself has used and continues to use) are “speculative, unproven, undetectable, and ‘phantom’.” Moreover, numerous experimental, ecological, and epidemiological studies suggest that low doses of ionizing radiation may actually be beneficial to human health. Although these advances in scientific understanding have not yet yielded significant changes in radiation regulation and policy, we are hopeful such changes may happen in the relatively near future. This article reviews the present status of the low-dose radiation hazard debate and outlines potential opportunities in the field of low-dose radiation therapy.
Video Game Visions of Climate Futures
Authors: Abraham Benjamin
Published: September 2015

This article discusses ARMA 3 (2013), a military simulation game from Bohemia Interactive. Through the prominent placement of visual representations of renewable power generation the game offers a compelling vision of the future in which current resistance to low-carbon and renewable economies have been overcome. I argue that the potential of this vision to challenge cultural futures and imaginaries is dependent on its presentation aesthetically and not, as is often suggested, on game mechanics operating in a “persuasive” mode. Instead, I argue that ARMA 3’s aesthetic vision can skirt around the ideological resistances players may have against accepting more didactic modes of engagement with the highly charged and ideologically contested reality of anthropogenic climate change. In this way, I suggest ARMA 3 offers a compelling challenge to current theories about games ability to persuade or influence players.
Communication and peace: Understanding the nature of texts as a way to resolve conceptual differences in the emerging field
Authors: Mitra Saumava
Published: September 2015

Using the chapters of the edited volume Communication and Peace: Mapping an Emerging Field, the article points out the shared interpretative repertoires of the contributions to build a broader case for commonalities within the diverse field of communication-related disciplines and practices, which share the goal of building/making peace. Furthermore, the article differentiates communication disciplines according to the narrative relationship with the reality of the cultural texts they deal with, categorizes them according to their functions of symbolic creation and symbolic-creating-chronicling and charts them according to their contiguous relationship with peacebuilding/making as a way to unify the field of communication and peace.
The implementation of an early rehabilitation program is associated with reduced length of stay: A multi-ICU study
Authors: Wahab Romina , Yip Natalie H , Chandra Subani , Nguyen Michael , Pavlovich Katherine H , Benson Thomas , Vilotijevic Denise , Rodier Danielle M , Patel Komal R , Rychcik Patricia , Perez-Mir Ernesto , Boyle Suzanne M , Berlin David , Needham Dale M , Brodie Daniel
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Survivors of critical illness face many potential long-term sequelae. Prior studies showed that early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) reduces physical impairment and decreases ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). However, these studies are based on a single ICU or were conducted with a small subset of all ICU patients. We examined the effect of an early rehabilitation program concurrently implemented in multiple ICUs on ICU and hospital LOS.

Methods

An early rehabilitation program was systematically implemented in five ICUs at the sites of two affiliated academic institutions. We retrospectively compared ICU and hospital LOS in the year before (1/2011–12/2011) and after (1/2012–12/2012) implementation.

Results

In the pre- and post-implementation periods, respectively, there were a total of 3945 and 4200 ICU admissions among the five ICUs. After implementation, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients who received more rehabilitation treatments during their ICU stay ( p < 0.001). The mean number of rehabilitation treatments per ICU patient-day increased from 0.16 to 0.72 ( p < 0.001). In the post-implementation period, four of the five ICUs had a statistically significant decrease in mean ICU LOS among all patients. The overall decrease in mean ICU LOS across all five ICUs was 0.4 days (6.9%) (5.8 versus 5.4 days, p < 0.001). Across all five ICUs, there were 255 (6.5%) more admissions in the post-implementation period. The mean hospital LOS for patients from the five ICUs also decreased by 5.4% (14.7 vs. 13.9 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A multi-ICU, coordinated implementation of an early rehabilitation program markedly increased rehabilitation treatments in the ICU and was associated with reduced ICU and hospital LOS as well as increased ICU admissions.
The Importance of Exclusion of Obstructive Sleep Apnea During Screening for Adrenal Adenoma and Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Weeks Alicia C. , Kimple Michelle E. , Davis Dawn Belt
Published: September 2015

Context. As catecholamine elevation is a key element in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, more commonplace causes of sympathetic excess, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), should be excluded as standard practice prior to diagnosis. This is essential to avoid misdiagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas identified in the estimated 42 million Americans with OSA, with greater than 4 million projected to undergo a computed tomography study annually. Case Description. A 56-year-old woman presented with a several year history of paroxysmal hypertension, palpitations, and diaphoresis. Abdominal/pelvic computed tomography performed during an unrelated hospitalization revealed a 2-cm left-sided adrenal nodule initially quantified at 37 Hounsfield units. Posthospitalization, 24-hour urine normetanephrine level was markedly elevated. Reassessment 2 weeks later revealed continued normetanephrine excess. Following normal thyroid function tests, morning cortisol, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Surgical pathology identified an adrenal cortical adenoma. As paroxysms continued postoperatively, repeat 24-hour urine metanephrines were measured, demonstrating essentially unchanged normetanephrine elevation. Search for an alternate cause ensued, revealing OSA with progressive continuous positive airway pressure noncompliance over the preceding year. Regular continuous positive airway pressure therapy was resumed, and at the end of 7 weeks, 24-hour urine normetanephrine levels had declined. Conclusion. Pheochromocytomas are rare and sleep apnea is common. However, the overlap of clinical symptoms between these disorders is substantial, as is their ability to produce catecholamine excess. Thus, excluding uncontrolled or undiagnosed OSA in high-risk patients should be standard practice before diagnosing pheochromocytoma.