bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of care and patient safety from the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Aloufi Osama Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Quality of care and patient safety have become major issues in health care. There is a great emphasis on illness, treatment, and the prevention of suffering, both in training and practice. The concept of “cure” in English comes from the Latin word “curare,” meaning “to watch over.” Historically, care was provided by nurses who were “mothers” within many of the large religious institutions founded to provide shelter and food to the needy. For these individuals, a virtual death sentence was issued, and they were summarily removed from their homes and placed in these facilities where they hoped to live out their lives in a degree of comfort. In many cases, the expectation is now equal to that of many corporate workers; only the terminally ill are permanently housed. The experience of care depends on many contributing factors, both structural service characteristics and more transient individual characteristics, as well as intrinsic social and cultural characteristics. As one passes through and through different health care settings, one is likely to encounter very different paths in terms of professional approach; These include, in addition to what is evident from the introduction of palliative care pathways.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo
Authors: Sushil Kumar Pal  , Shashank Tiwari  , Sunil Mishra  , Sachit Saran
Published: October 2024

The main objective of these study is to evaluate and formulate herbal shampoo. Shampoo are one of the cosmetic products used in daily life. Synthetic preservatives and detergents have sometimes been the cause of adverse effects among consumers. A more radical approach in reducing the synthetic ingredients is by incorporating natural ingredients whose functionality is comparable with their synthetic ingredients. The ingredients used in formulation of Herbal Shampoo are Ficus Religiosa leaves (Powder), Hibiscus Leaves (Powder), Reetha (Powder), Shikakai (Powder), Aloevera, then prepared by mixing with each other and evaluated for its organoleptic and physio-chemical characteristics and performance tests in terms of wetting time test, pH, solid contents, surface tension, dirt dispersion, foam Stability, and Viscosity was performed. The combination of several such ingredient of herbal origin has made it possible to secure highly effective dry powder shampoo. The formulation at laboratory scale was done and evaluated for number of parameters to ensure its safety and efficacy The Formulated Herbal Shampoo was clear and good appealing. It demonstrated good froth stability, detergency, good cleansing, small bubble size, low surface strain, and execution of good conditioning property. The physicochemical evaluation of the formulated shampoo showed ideal results. However, to improve its quality, product performance, and safety, further development was required.
Utilization of Neem Seed Oil as Surfactant in the Production of Flexible and Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Sanda Habib Abba , Abubakar Muhammad Abbagoni , Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , Bashir Mamman , Stojchevski Martin
Published: October 2024

Extraction and processing of polyether polyols derived from petrochemicals, commonly used as surfactants during polyurethane foam (PUF) production, contribute to carbon emissions and raises the issue of long-term sustainability given that petrochemicals are non-renewable resources. Here, 5 mg and 4 mg of neem seed oil are employed to form flexible and rigid PUF, classified purposefully based on their divergent usage. To find an environmentally friendly replacement, flexible PUF whose mass, volume, density, compression, tensile strength, cream time, foam rise and rising time are 0.0047 kg m3, 16.52 kg/m3, 8.10%, 39.28 kN/m2, 60s, 10s and 60s is formed by mixing 1.25 kg polyol, 5mg silicon oil and 10g calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Likewise, by mixing 1.2 kg polyol, 4mg silicon oil and 8g CaCO3, a rigid PUF with 0.005kg,  m3, 16.2 kg/m3, 8.15%, 40.72 kN/m2, 50s, 15 cm and 58s key, physical and mechanical property as respectively listed under the flexible PUF formulation is produced. Both foams were produced using equal amounts of toluene diisocyanate, water, stannous octoate and methylene chloride, resulting in PUF that can be used in insulation, cushioning and construction support applications based on their characteristic height, density, tensile strength and compressive strength. As the surfactant, neem seed oil's potential in the synthesis of PUF cannot be overemphasized. The study of the kinetics of PUF production is limited and should trigger the adoption of biobased surfactants for industrial applications in the future.
Effect of Different Types and Ratio of Fibers on the Tensile Strength of Reinforced Foam Concrete: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Soran Abdrahman , Nimat Azhar Jawad , Mahmood Hersh F.
Published: October 2024

Reducing the weight of buildings—particularly dead loads—is one effective way to lower construction costs. Foam concrete offers a viable alternative to conventional concrete for non-structural elements. This paper reviews the impact of incorporating polypropylene, natural fibers, steel fibers from waste tyres, and carbon fibers on the tensile strength of foamed concrete. According to the literature, the polypropylene content varied between 0.2% and 0.8%, with different target densities. Steel fibers extracted from scrap tyres ranged from 0.2% to 0.6%, while carbon fiber and Henequen fiber (natural fiber) were used separately or in combination with polymers in volumetric fractions ranging from 0.5% to 1.5%. The results presented in this paper indicate that tensile strength gradually increased as the volume of fibers increased up to a certain point, suggesting an optimal dosage for enhancing performance.
"Virtual Parallel Societies"—A Study on the Differences in Mobile Application Usage Between Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Tseung Yik Wong , Xie Binyu , Peng Ziting
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study explores the differences in mobile application usage between adolescents in Hong Kong and Mainland China, highlighting how these variances contribute to the formation of virtual parallel societies. Methods: The theoretical framework incorporates Walter Lippmann's Public Opinion and Eli Pariser's Filter Bubbles to explain how algorithm-driven platforms foster informational silos. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, primarily using secondary data from the QuestMobile 2023 China Mobile Internet Annual Report and data from the Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, along with qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and content analysis of social media interactions. Results: The findings suggest significant disparities in app usage between adolescents in Hong Kong and Mainland China, influenced by technological, sociological, and political factors. Adolescents in Hong Kong preferred global platforms like Instagram and Facebook, while Mainland Chinese adolescents used local platforms like WeChat and Weibo. These differences were influenced by sociological factors, including class, education, and access to technology, and contributed to the formation of distinct informational silos. Conclusion: The differences in mobile application usage have led to the development of virtual parallel societies, with implications for national identity and socio-political cohesion. Policy recommendations include enhancing media literacy, promoting Chinese perspectives globally, and encouraging social media platforms that foster a shared national identity.
A judicialização de políticas públicas de cotas e preconceito
Authors: Portugal Fernando Luz Sinimbu
Published: October 2024

Este artigo examina a judicialização das políticas públicas de cotas raciais para ingresso em universidades públicas no Brasil, com ênfase na interação entre o sistema jurídico e as ações afirmativas. A pesquisa adota uma perspectiva comparativa e analisa o contexto brasileiro e as decisões judiciais internacionais, especialmente nos Estados Unidos. O objetivo principal é compreender como a judicialização tem impactado a implementação e manutenção das cotas raciais, além de abordar, também, as tensões entre o Judiciário, o Legislativo e a sociedade civil no que diz respeito a essas políticas. Esta pesquisa revela que, apesar da oposição de setores conservadores, o sistema judicial tem desempenhado um papel crucial na proteção e legitimação das cotas, o que reforça seu valor no combate às desigualdades raciais e sociais. Entretanto, limitações financeiras e resistências políticas continuam a influenciar o debate sobre a viabilidade dessas ações. As contribuições teóricas do estudo incluem uma análise crítica sobre o papel do Judiciário na concretização de direitos sociais, além de comparações com o contexto jurídico norte-americano. O artigo também oferece recomendações para futuras pesquisas e sugere uma maior exploração dos impactos práticos das cotas na vida dos beneficiários e a análise de políticas similares em outros países latino-americanos.
Determinants of Profitability, Firm Size, and Institutional Ownership Moderated by Capital Structure on Stock Returns
Authors: Satria Fajar Maulana  , Pardomuan Sihombing
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to examine the influence of several factors that are suspected to affect the health care sector's stock returns, moderated by the capital structure proxied by the debt to equity ratio (DER). The population used in this research were seventeen companies, and the samples that match the research criteria were seven health care companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange between 2018-2022. The research used panel data analysis techniques, and utilizes financial reports. The results of this study y indicate that profitability proxied by the return on equity (ROE) and institutional ownership has a positive influence, and DER has a negative influence on the stock return, while the firm size do not has significant effect on the stock return. The ROE and firm size are moderated by capital structure in their influence on the stock return. The findings of this study suggest that in maximizing the stock return in the health care sector's, companies need to increase profits, have a high level of institutional ownership and maximize sources of funds for the operational activities, as well as optimizing the use of debt to invest in assets.
The Influence of the Principal's Leadership Style on BOS Fund Fraud with Accountability as an Intervening
Authors: Nawawi Muhamad Sidi , Hendrian Hendrian , Pambelum Yohanes Juni
Published: October 2024

Therefore, this research aims to determine the influence of the Principal's leadership style on fraud in School Operational Costs (BOS) funds in Indonesia with accountability as an intervening variable. Methodology/approach – The research uses descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis to analyze sample data and the results are applied to the population, with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach based on the results of theoretical studies and hypotheses to be tested as well as this approach quantitative. Findings - The results obtained from this research are that there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud, there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on accountability, there is a significant influence of accountability on BOS fund fraud, and there is a significant influence of the principal's leadership style on fraud BOS funds with accountability as an intervening variable. So far previous research has been carried out to analyze the transparency and accountability of the use of BOS funds, but no one has specifically examined the influence of the school principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud. Therefore, in this study, we want to examine the influence of the school principal's leadership style on BOS fund fraud by including accountability, which has been the subject of previous research, as an intervening variable.
THE IMPACT OF SEED SIZE ON INITIAL DROUGHT STRESS RESILIENCE AND YIELD IN WHEAT CULTIVATION
Authors: CHATTHA MB , MAQSOOD MZ , JAVID II , ALI S , ABBAS MA , ANAS M
Published: October 2024

Wheat yield is affected severely by drought in this era of changing climate patterns, including high temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. Drought is among the most challenging environmental stressors, limiting wheat cultivars' growth, productivity, and performance. The current study was conducted during the rabi season 2022 at the Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Therefore, the present study evaluated the potential of diverse seed sizes to advance wheat crop growth, development, and yield when subjected to different drought levels. The study comprised two experiments. The first was a lab experiment that included different drought levels (DL), DL0: 0.0 bar, DL1: -2 bar, DL2: -4 bar, and DL3: -6 bar (drought levels were induced by solutions of PEG-6000 at different concentrations) and three wheat seed size classes, i.e., bold grain (>38 g), medium grain (<33 g), and small grain (<25 g). In the field experiment, drought stress levels were DL0 (regular irrigation), DL1 (first irrigation at 30 days), DL2 (first irrigation at 45 days), and DL3 (first irrigation at 60 days). Seed sizes included W1 (bold >38 g), W2 (medium <33 g), and W3 (small <25 g). Drought severity increased with DL1 to DL3.  The outcomes of the field experiment revealed that varying levels of drought stress and seed size classes significantly affected parameters such as emergence time, growth traits, biomass allocation, tiller count, plant height, and grain and biomass outcomes. Bold seeds contributed to higher biomass and grain yield, while severe drought decreased yields. Notably, the Harvest Index was affected, indicating bold seeds allocate more biomass to grains. In conclusion, proper seed size selection, favouring bold seeds, can enhance resilience to drought, benefiting wheat cultivation in water-scarce regions.
Changes in the physico-chemical properties of soil under shifting cultivation with special reference to Karbi Anglong district of Assam
Authors: Singh Jasbir , Bora Indrani , Baruah Arundhati
Published: October 2024

The effect of shifting cultivation on changes in the physico-chemical properties of soils was studied in the jhum and nearby natural forest areas. Various soil properties investigated were bulk density, texture, pH, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Soil properties were compared at five different soil depths: 0-5 cm, 5-25 cm, 25-50 cm, 50-100 cm and 100+ cm. Lowest and highest soil bulk densities were recorded in land after burning and 1st year fallow, respectively. Natural forest had a moderate soil bulk density. Results indicate that C and N in the soil may be among the most limiting factors for plant growth after a forest is cut and burned. Highest percentage of organic carbon (1.92%) and total nitrogen (0.28%) were found in pre-burning stages of vegetation and it significantly decrease in early fallow periods due to rejuvenation of vegetation. With the progress in the age of fallow, the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly due to heavy accumulation of litterfall. A large amount of available phosphorus is released just after burning the forest. The lowest value of available phosphorus found in 1st and 5th year fallows indicate that available phosphorus may limit crop production if the fallow periods are too short. Maximum amount of available phosphorus noticed in natural forest is due to heavy accumulation of litterfall. Exchangeable calcium, potassium and magnesium appeared to reach adequate levels in the soil after burning the forest and sharply declined in cropping period and it continuously decreased in early successional fallow. Natural forest exhibited adequate levels of exchangeable calcium, potassium and magnesium, while increase in 15th and 20th years fallow may be due to development of regeneration of tree vegetation. The overall results of this study indicate that the present shifting cultivation cycle of about 5 years is not sufficient to prevent serious soil degradation in the area. A minimum of 10 to 15 years will be required to maintain soil fertility at a reasonable level.
Biodiversity and environment in cities —A case study of birds in urban and suburban areas of Japan
Authors: Wataru FuKui
Published: October 2024

In Japan, the environmental degradation in the urban and urban fringe area advanced from rapid economic growth to begin at the mid-1950s. The environmental aggravation such as large-scale development of the city with little consideration of environment, air pollution and the noise and so on had a big influence at the biological diversity. The habitation space of the creature is decreased or disappeared, and biological diversity suddenly is decreased. This tendency continued after stability of the economic growth of the mid-1970s. The environment of the urban area was not desirable space for the creatures. In addition, it decreased the ecosystem service. However, this problem lies in administration and private consciousness, and improves the consciousness of inhabitants and the reduction of the pollution, as well as the maintenance and creation of the urban greening advanced, and the environment of the urban area was improved
Rural vegetation characteristics and biodiversity conservation strategies in the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration
Authors: Xie Changkun , Xia Yunqiang , Yin Cheng , Che Shengquan
Published: October 2024

The integrated green development of the Yangtze River Delta is a long-term major strategy. The rural ecological status is the basis for the healthy development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. This study focuses on the expansion of demand for rural vegetation biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service functions in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. A total of 256 plant communities in 28 villages were investigated, and the composition of family, genera and species and life forms were analyzed respectively; through clustering, 47 community types and 8 vegetation types were divided, and the composition and distribution characteristics of plant community were analyzed; and then it analyzed the species biodiversity and compared the characteristics of rural transformation in the Yangtze River Delta with the vegetation characteristics of urban areas and natural areas. Finally, specific countermeasures for biodiversity conservation and reconstruction of the Yangtze River Delta rural vegetation was proposed in terms of species protection, habitat maintenance, plant community conservation, and ecological aesthetics guidance.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of AAROGYA-5 against the Pan-drug-resistant Resistant Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Mohan Priya , Singh Aprajita , Singh Alakh , Nath Gopal , Chaudhary Anand
Published: October 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as a severe healthcare crisis worldwide. It is a most significant threat to global health, food security, and development, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The world is entering the "post-antibiotic era", and over 10 million people will die from AMR by 2050. This rising resistance has rekindled interest among researchers in discovering and developing novel, more potent antibacterial drugs to combat AMR.
Objectives: In this study, the antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous/hydro-alcoholic extracts of AAROGYA-5 (Rajata Bhasma, powders of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tinospora cordifolia, Ficus benghalensis, and Azadirachta indica), a Herbo-mineral formulation will be evaluated against the gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Methods: The formulation was studied for its antimicrobial activity by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against Candida Albicans (fungal strain) and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli (bacterial strains) at different concentrations: 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 12.5mg/mL, 6.25mg/mL, 3.125mg/mL, 1.5625 mg/mL, and 0.78125 mg/mL by Kirby Bauer and broth microdilution method.
Result: AAROGYA-5 in the form of extracts has shown significant activity at a strength of 12.5mg/mL against the Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., S. aureus and E. faecalis, and the hydro-alcoholic extract of AAROGYA-5 was found to be effective at a strength of 6.25 mg/mL against C. albicans.
Discussion: The ayurvedic formulation AAROGYA-5 was effective against the Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-positive cocci, i.e., S. aureus and E. faecalis. Moreover, the hydro-alcoholic extract is effective against C. albicans. In addition, the AAROGYA-5 has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria in either extract.
Conclusion: Based on these results, the present study demonstrated that AAROGYA-5 has significant antimicrobial activity against MDR- S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans.
“A Customized Ayurveda Treatment Protocol in the Management of Asthimajjagata Vata (Avascular necrosis of femoral head)”- A case series
Authors: Therokar Sagar , S Aswathy , Dharmarajan Prasanth
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a type of osteonecrosis due to disruption of blood supply to the proximal femur. Due to similarity in its signs and symptoms, it can be correlated with Asthimajjagata Vata. According to Ayurveda, Vata, Pitta and Rakta dosha play an important role in etiopathogenesis of AVN along with Asthi and Majja Kshaya. Aim: To assess the effectiveness icacy of a customized Ayurveda treatment protocol for the management of Asthimajjagata Vata. Material and Method: We present a case series of 3 patients diagnosed with avascular necrosis of femoral head, underwent Panchakarma procedures including Rukshana (dehydrating therapy) Snehana (oleation) Virechana (therapeutic purgation) Patra Pinda Sweda (fomentation with bolus) and Basti Karma (therapeutic enema) were along with Shamana Aushadha (internal medication)). Observation And Result: As a result of the treatment protocol, there was a significant improvement in the Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, and the range of motion of the hip. The changes observed in these assessment criteria, along with reduced pain (VAS score), indicate that the patient's quality of life has improved. This is further evidenced by the patient's ability to perform daily routines, as assessed by the Short Form Health Survey-12. Given these encouraging results, it can be inferred that a customized Ayurveda treatment protocol for managing Avascular Necrosis (AVN) shows promise.
Screening Results for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Retrospective Study
Authors: k Zarife , lu Nuriye , ar eyma
Published: October 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ROP development in premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and/or referred to the ROP Diagnostic Unit of our hospital and to emphasize the importance of cooperation between ophthalmologists and neonatologists in the treatment and follow-up of infants with ROP.
Materials and Methods: The findings of 287 premature infants who were followed and treated in the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and January 2023 and then referred to the ROP Diagnostic Unit were retrospectively analyzed. They were classified according to birth weight and gestational age. They were divided into 4 groups according to birth weight (under 1000 g, between 1000-1250 g, between 1250-1500 g and over 1500 g) and 3 groups according to gestational age (under 28 weeks, between 29-32 weeks and over 33 weeks). ROP development rates were determined in these groups. Those who developed retinopathy of prematurity were classified according to their stages.
Results: A total of 287 premature infants (141 boys and 146 girls) were included in the study. Twenty-eight of the premature babies were Syrian (9.8%). Mean gestational age at birth was 32.34 weeks (min. 24, max. 37) and mean birth weight was 1830.12 g (min. 750 g, max. 4000 g). 34 babies (11.8%) had stage 1 ROP and 12 babies (4.1%) had stage 2 ROP. 14 babies (4.9%) had plus. Due to the rapid progression of the clinic, 20 patients (7%) with stage 2 or higher ROP and plus were referred to an advanced center with ROP treatment center certification.
Conclusion: Premature babies born under 34 weeks of gestation should be examined for retinopathy of prematurity. Early diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity is very important to prevent blindness due to ROP, even if treatment is not possible according to local conditions.
Assessment of the educational value of Undescended Testicle Operation videos on YouTube

Running Title: Evaluation Of Undescended Testis Operation videos
Authors: at Mustafa , lu Ahmet , Demirta Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective: Today, Youtube, which is also used as a source of health information, is one of the most visited social platforms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and reliability of videos on undescended testicular operations for surgeons and parents.
Materials and Methods: On 25/9/2023, the keywords "undescended testicle operation," "orchiopexy," and "children" were searched on the YouTube search engine. The selected videos were divided into two groups: useful and misleading. In addition to the descriptive characteristics of the videos, the reliability, quality and content of the videos were analysed using the global quality score (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and video power index (VPI) score.
Results: Of the 62 videos evaluated in our study, 69.4% (n=43) were of high quality, 14.5% (n=9) were of medium quality and 16.1% (n=4) were of low quality. GQS and mDISCERN scores were higher in the useful group (p=0.002, p=0.001, respectively). While 91.1% (n=51) of the videos in the useful group were addressed to healthcare professionals (p=0.024), 78.6% (n=44) of these videos were uploaded by physicians. A positive correlation was observed between GQS and mDISCERN scores (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Videos uploaded by academicians, surgeons and addressed to health professionals were found to be reliable and of high quality. Undescended testicular operations videos uploaded to social platforms should be prepared by a committee with health professionals and checked for compliance with scientific standards.
Association of helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites in the stool samples of patients with dyspeptic complaints
Authors: Karabulut Ali , Gunduz Leyla , Sanli Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Objective: Helicobacter pylori and infections due to intestinal parasites are quite common in developing countries around the world, in societies with low socioeconomic levels, and in regions with inadequate and unhealthy drinking water and food. Our study aimed to reveal the association of Helicobacter pylori positivity and intestinal parasites (IP) in the stool in patients who came to the hospital due to dyspeptic complaints. Their relationships with age and gender were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Between 01.2018 and 04.2024, 953 patients who were admitted to the hospital with dyspepsia and whose stool samples were taken were examined. The data of patients for whom stool Helicobacter pylori rapid antigen test and IP test were requested were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Of the 953 patients, 396 (41.6%) were male and 557 (58.4%) were female. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 85 years and the average was 38.65∓15,15.64 years. The patients were divided into two age groups. There were 882 (92.5%) patients between the ages of 18-65, and 71 (7.5%) patients between the ages of 66-85. Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) / Entamoeba dispar (E. dispar) in 12 (1.3%) of the patients, Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) in 24 (2.5%), Blastocystis hominis (B. Hominis) in 3 (0.3%) and H. pylori was detected in 128 (13.4%). The relationship between H. pylori and IP was found to be statistically significant. IP was detected in 20.3% of cases in which H. pylori was detected. No relationship was found between gender and H. pylori and IP. No relationship was found between age groups and H. pylori and IP.
Conclusion: H. pylori and IP are found quite frequently in the world. In order to better understand the association between them, more comprehensive multi-center studies are needed, in which high-sensitivity methods are used and data can be compared with healthy control groups.
Evaluation of fibromyalgia symptoms in patients with nasal septum deviation
Authors: YAVUZ NUR , OLUK Yonca
Published: October 2024

Aim: To examine the symptoms and effects of fibromyalgia in patients with nasal septum deviation, which is an important cause of nasal obstruction.
Materials and Methods: Seventy eight patients with nasal septum deviation and 78 healthy volunteers similar in age and gender were included in the study. Patients with systemic rheumatic disease, cardiovascular system disease, infectious disease, any other disease that may affect the respiratory passage other than nasal septum deviation, with a history of regular drug use, and under the age of 18 were not included in the study. Widespread pain score and symptom severity score were calculated for all participants according to the fibromyalgia syndrome American College of Rheumatology 2016 diagnostic criteria, and revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire was filled out.
Results: While the incidence of fibromyalgia syndrome was higher in patients with septal deviation, this difference was not statistically significant(p=0.072). There was no difference between the groups in terms of widespread pain score, symptom severity score, total score and revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score (p=0.438; p=0.933; p=0.502; p=0.081, respectively).
Conclusion: Although no significant relationship has been found between fibromyalgia and septal deviation, further studies on this subject should be conducted.
Demographic and Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Poisoning in Intensive Care
Authors: ndar Mehmet , Mammadova Narmin , z Ba
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study aims to improve the understanding of childhood poisoning by examining the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of critically ill patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 209 pediatric poisoning cases admitted to the PICU, accounting for 4.2% of total admissions. Data on age, gender, exposure route, location, time to admission, symptoms, examination findings, treatments, and PICU stay duration were collected. Patients were categorized as survivors or non-survivors, and statistical analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality.

Results: Of the 209 cases, 62.2% were female, with a mean age of 8.75 years. Accidental poisoning was more common in children under five (56.5%), while suicide attempts (36.8%) and substance abuse (6.7%) were prevalent among adolescents. Girls had higher rates of accidental and suicidal poisoning, while boys were more involved in substance abuse. The majority of exposures were oral (90.9%) and occurred indoors (86.1%). Drug-related poisonings accounted for 53.6% of cases, with central nervous system drugs (12.4%) being the most common agents, followed by corrosive substances (7.9%). Mechanical ventilation was required in 25.4% of accidental, 9% of suicidal, and 14% of substance abuse cases. The overall mortality rate was 8.2%, with prolonged PICU stay and the absence of activated charcoal identified as significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical need for age- and gender-specific preventive measures to mitigate pediatric poisoning. Safe storage of hazardous substances and prompt medical intervention, such as timely administration of activated charcoal, are critical to reducing mortality. Prolonged PICU stays have been associated with increased mortality, often indicating more severe cases. Unintentional poisonings in younger children, largely due to inadequate supervision, highlight the importance of preventive strategies, while intentional poisonings in adolescents require closer monitoring and mental health interventions.
Ashwagandha is protective of impaired motor-coordination in experimental CI/R damage in rats
Authors: TANBEK Kevser , BIRDAL Berfin , CANAL Betul , elikli Dilara , etin Emrullah , CANSEL Ey , Bulut Fatma , an smail , i Mutlu , eki kke , Bitim S , r S
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Objective: Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a condition in which metabolic stress increases when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, resulting in oxygen and glucose deprivation. Later, during the treatment process, the ischemic area is reperfused, causing more neurological damage than the ischemic process. For this reason, developing protective practices in individuals at high risk of CI is much more important than developing treatment practices. Ashwagandha (ASW), an extract of the W.somnifera plant, is an agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects. It has been reported in the literature that ASW is effective against neuropathological damage with different experimental models. This study aimed to explain the protective effect of ASW against CI/reperfusion damage. Methods: In the study, 30 Wistar Albino male rats were divided into 3 groups as Sham, CI, ASW+CI (n=10). A 60-minute CI was created using the intraluminal filament technique and sacrificed at the end of the 24-hour reperfusion period. ASW (200 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days before SI. Motor coordination was evaluated with the rota-rot test before and after SI. Infarct area was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences between the groups. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: Neurological evaluations of the experimental groups were scored as ASW+CI (3.5), CI (2) and Sham (0). Infarct areas were calculated as Sham (0), CI (% 45.7) and ASW+CI (% 32.6). The results of the rota-rot test after ischemia, in which motor coordination was evaluated, were measured as Sham (280 sec), CI (15 sec) and ASW+CI (86 sec). Compared with the sham group, the increase in neurological score and ischemic area and the decrease in rota rot time in the CI and ASW+CI groups are statistically significant (p≤0.05). Compared with the ASW+CI group, the decrease in neurological score and ischemic area and the increase in rota rot time are statistically significant (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: ASW has protective effects against CI/R injury. 7-day ASW application before ischemia reduced the ischemic area. It reduced neurological damage, regulated motor coordination and maintained the neuronal death/survival balance against CI/R injury.
STATE-OF-THE-ART OF MACHINE LEARNING IN NEURO DEVELOPMENT DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Lee Lilian , Ibrahim Ag , Alfred Rayner
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review focusing on the utilization of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods for predicting and detecting Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs), such as Intellectual Disability (ID), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Dyslexia, among others. While existing reviews often lack detailed discussions on the specific ML algorithms, datasets, and performance metrics employed in NDD prediction and detection, this study aims to address this gap by examining two primary aspects: prediction and detection. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the current state-of-the-art methodologies, challenges, and future directions in leveraging ML and DL techniques for the prediction and detection of NDDs. It aims to categorize the literature based on these two major aspects and provide insights into the various approaches, datasets, parameters, and performance measures used in previous research. Methodology: This review encompasses articles published in journals and conference proceedings indexed in Scopus from 2013 to 2023. The search employed terms such as "Predicting Neurodevelopmental Disorder" and/or "Detection of Disorder using Machine Learning." The analysis focuses on identifying common ML and DL approaches, ensemble models, types of datasets utilized, as well as the parameters and performance metrics employed in NDD prediction and detection studies. Results: The findings of this review shed light on prevalent ML and DL methodologies, the challenges encountered, and potential avenues for future research aimed at enhancing services for the NDD community through improved prediction and detection techniques.
Compositional Analysis of Herbicide Tolerant and Conventionally Improved Soybeans in Nigeria
Authors: Gidado Rose , Ogunremi Charles , Akinyele Oluwatoyin , Isah Abraham , Atanda Oladejo , Ishaq Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Aim/Background:Comparative compositional analysis was carried out between two herbicide tolerant soybean varieties and two conventionally improved non-GM soybeans (Glycine max) varieties for base line data and safety analysis for subsequent breeding purposes.
Method:The experiment was laid in completely randomized design with three replications. The moisture content, ash content, nitrogen content, crude protein content, Percentage crude fibre content, crude lipid, metabolizable energy and calories values were determined for each of the samples using AOAC, 2000 method. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and pertinent means were separated using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability.
Results:The moisture content values observed for the four varieties ranged from 5.0 – 5.9 % which were not significantly different from the standard reference of 6.12%. Ash content was lowest for TGX-1448-2E at 1.2%, followed by E 14017 at 4.2 %; while it was 4.7 % for TGX 1904-6F;.and the highest observed value was 6.42 % in E 14086. The least nitrogen content value was observed in E14017 at 6.12%, followed by TGX 1448-2E at 8.17 %; TGX 1904-6F at 8.9 % and the highest observed in E14086 at 11.6%. All values were within range of standard reference value of 496.37 Kcal/g except for TGX 1904-6F(363.09Kcal/g) which was relatively low.
Conclusion:It could be concluded that contents of the key components of the HT soybean had no significant difference with those of the non-GM soybean ascertaining the safety and this data is necessary for onward varietal development.
A cross-sectional study of adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy in pediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kulkarni Shambhavi , Dattatri A , Kulkarni Harish
Published: October 2024

Background:
AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics witnessed by the modern world. The anti retroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection come with adverse drug reactions which can be treatment limiting or affect the adherence to therapy. Exploration of the same will help in improving treatment outcomes.

Objectives:
To assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among paediatric patients of HIV.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, a cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 134 HIV/AIDS patients aged < 15 years. Patients who were on ART since 6 months were included in the study. Written and informed consent was obtained from the participant or the guardian. The study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, KIMS, Hubballi. The data was collected by self report by the care giver or the child regarding treatment adherence over the past month and ADRs experienced by them during the course of therapy, using a questionnaire. Confidentiality of patients was maintained throughout and after the study.

Results:
The most common time of occurrence of ADR was within the first 2 months of initiation of ART and the most common ADR was nausea and vomiting. 76.9% ADRs were ‘probable’ on Naranjo causality assessment and 92.3% were mild in nature. A statistically significant association was seen between adherence and ADRs. Occurrence of ADRs was found to be higher among patients who were on ZDV+LMV+ EFV regimen.

Conclusion:
Occurrence of ADRs was seen to significantly influence the adherence to ART. As efforts continue in the development of medications with more favourable adverse effect profiles, treating physicians must remain aware of new and developing syndromes associated with the use of these drugs.
Keywords: adverse drug reactions; paediatric; antiretroviral therapy.
Correlates between the Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and Preterm Labour
Authors: Mustafa Marwah Sadiq
Published: October 2024

Background: Preterm labor, which is defined as giving birth before 37 weeks of gestation, is a significant global complication of pregnancies including both singletons and multiple fetuses. Premature babies have a higher chance of dying. Aim of study: Investigate the relationship between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels and preterm birth in women who report experiencing premature labor. Methodology: It was a prospective case control study carried out from the 1st of January 2018 to the 20th of March 2019 at Basra maternity and children hospital. A total of 150 patients (50 patient with preterm labour (28-37 weeks), 50 patients with threatened preterm labour and 50 patient’s term pregnancy in labor) primary end point was delivery ˂37 weeks. All studied 3 groups were checked for serum maternal PAPP-A level on admission. Results and Discussion: In all 50 patients delivered before 37 weeks (Group I), 50 patients had symptoms of preterm labour but didn’t deliver preterm (Group II) and 50 patients (Group III) delivered at term, mean PAPP-A level in preterm group and its matched control group were 32.56±17.2 miu/ml and 53.21±18.42 miu/ml respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.002), mean PAPP-A level TPL was 45.06±15.42 miu/ml and the difference was significant in compare to preterm labour but not significant in compare control group p-value 0.003 and p=0.74 respectively. Conclusion: PAPP-A level reduction in preterm labor was linked to an increased risk of preterm birth; a value of ˂ 33.6 miu/ml indicates a higher likelihood of a term delivery.
Mesenteric panniculitis: Prevalence, imaging findings, relation with malignancy, comparison with control group and six-year follow-up
Authors: Yılmaz Erdem , Göktaş Muhammet
Published: October 2024

Objective: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mesenteric panniculitis (MP), imaging findings, its relationship with malignancy,
development of malignancy in follow-up and make a comparison with the control group.
Patients and Methods: A total of 3196 multidetector computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated retrospectively in terms of MP.
CT findings of MP, accompanying benign and malignant pathologies were examined. Two consecutive patients who matched by age,
gender, and abdominal diameter were included in the control group. A comparison was made between the MP and control groups
concerning malignancy and new malignancy development in the up to 6 years follow-up.
Results: One hundred and sixty-three MP cases and 326 control cases were included to the study. The most common CT findings
of MP were increased density of mesenteric fat, pseudomass appearance, and lymph nodes within the pseudomass. 59.5% (n: 97)
of the MP group and 58.3% (n: 190) of the control group were associated with malignancy (p: 0.77). The most common malignities
were colorectal cancer (n: 21, 12.2%) in the MP group, and lung cancer (n: 40, 12.2%) in the control group. During follow-up, new
malignities were detected 9.2% (n: 11) in the MP group and 6.3% (n: 8) in the control group (p: 0.37). Lung cancer (n: 3, 27.3%) in the
MP group and colorectal cancer (n: 2, 25%) in the control group were the most frequently seen cancer type (p: 0.09).
Conclusion: Mesenteric panniculitis prevalence is 5.1%. When the MP group was compared with the control group, there was no
significant accompanying malignancy and no significant new cancer development was observed.08
Is aortic elasticity associated with hydration status in stage of chronic renal disease in children?
Authors: Sarısoy Özlem , Arıcı Şule , Demirci Bodur Ece , Tezel Oguzhan , Alpay Harika , Akalın Figen
Published: October 2024

Objective: We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risks and influencing factors by measuring aortic elasticity parameters and carotid
intima thickness in children with cronic kidney disease (CKD), and also evaluated the hydration status of patients with bioimpedance
spectroscopy (BIS) measurements and investigated the effect of hydration status on vascular functions.
Patients and Methods: The study group included an average of 13.3 ± 3.7 years (16 girls and 22 boys, 38 CKD patients), control group
on average 12.1 ± 2.9 (16 girls and 15 boys, 31 healthy children). Systolic and diastolic diameters of the aortic annulus and aorta at each
level were obtained; z-scores, aortic strain, distensibility, stiffness index were calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness and flow –
mediated dilatation were studied. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was performed to all patients.
Results: Interventricular septum and left atrial (p=0.002, p=0.013), sinus valsalva and sinotubular junction z scores (p=0.009, p=0.012)
were found to be higher and distensibility and strain decreased, stiffness index increased in the abdominal aorta of patients with CKD
(p=0.007, p=0.002, p=0.004). Patients with CKD had statistically significant over-hydration.
Conclusion: Vascular wall changes that affect the elastic properties of the aortic wall begin to develop in childhood in patients with
CKD.
Outcome of Ewing sarcoma in children: Twenty years experience from a single center
Authors: Eker Nurşah , Tanali Gizem , Sofulu Ömer , Ozgen Zerrin , Turkoz Kemal , Tokuc Ayse Gulnur
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Objective: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a significant malignancy in pediatric patients, with a notable impact on bone health. Despite advances
in treatment, ES still poses challenges, particularly in cases of metastasis or relapse. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of ES in
children treated at our center over a twenty-year period.
Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients diagnosed with ES at our center between January 2004 and
February 2024. Data including demographic information, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were
analyzed.
Results: Among 986 pediatric solid tumor cases, 137 (13.8%) were diagnosed with ES. After excluding ineligible cases, 115 ES cases
were included in the study. The most common sites of involvement were the lower extremities. Metastatic disease was observed
in 35.8% of cases, with the lungs being the most common site. Advanced age, and pelvic involvement were associated with poor
prognosis. Histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, represented by tumor necrosis rate, metastatic and relapse
disease significantly influenced survival outcomes.
Conclusion: Despite multimodal therapies, ES in children, especially with metastatic disease or relapse, presents a challenging
prognosis. Early diagnosis and the development of novel treatment strategies are imperative to improve outcomes for these patients.