bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in Parental Behavior of Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus (Cyclopteridae) under Changing Environmental Conditions
Authors: Zuyev Yu. A. , Rusyaev S. M.
Published: April 2024

The most distinct features of reproductive biology of lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus are defense and care for the clutch of fertilized eggs. In order to reveal the processes of male lumpfish defense of offspring, the quantitative assessment of temporal distribution of its behavior events under changing environmental conditions has been performed. Male behavior four types such as care for an egg clutch, defense behavior, locomotion, and rest are identified. Defense behavior is most variable, depending on the characteristics of an aggressor. It has been shown that the external factors affect the time taken for care rather than any change in certain actions. Under the favorable conditions, the male actions to care for an egg clutch represent repeating cycles, when the overall time spent on them may reach 99% of all time. Under the unfavorable conditions (strong currents and potential predators), the time of cycles tends to decrease to 55%. The environmental factor effects on the lumpfish behavior are described in terms of an algorithm of behavior, which can be used in modeling the energy intakes of a male lumpfish in the period of caring for offspring.
Application of Incoherent Multi-Frequency Signals for Information Transmission in a Nonstationary Hydroacoustic Environment
Authors: Rodionov A. Yu. , Statsenko L. G. , Kuzin D. A. , Smirnova M. M.
Published: April 2024

A class of digital incoherent methods of information transmission based on multi-frequency signals for mobile underwater complexes is presented, which does not require regular and accurate estimation of channel parameters and is a priori resistant to various types of interference in nonstationary hydroacoustic communication channels, and is oriented to solving communication and navigation problems for underwater robotic complexes. The limitation of spectral efficiency of such multi-frequency systems of information transmission by the value of 0.5 bits/s/Hz in various frequency ranges, nonstationary hydrological conditions, with achievement of the maximum range at acceptable levels of error probability during information decoding is shown. The operability of the proposed class of multi-frequency multiplexing methods was confirmed by numerical and in situ sea experiments on the shelf at distances from 2.5 to 7 km with the mutual drifting of ships and with sea waves of up to 3 points.
The Fish Parasite Community in a Hypertid Estuary Penzhina River (Basin of the Sea of Okhotsk)
Authors: Boutorina T. Е. , Busarova O. Yu. , Koval M. V.
Published: April 2024

The species composition of parasites in the estuary of the Penzhina River was studied (114 species). The influence of the specific conditions of the estuary on the parasite fauna was shown. High flow rates, mixing of fresh and sea waters, and the abundance of organic matter determine the predominance among parasites of species with morphological adaptations for reliable fixation on fish tolerant to changes in salinity and associated with benthos in the life cycle. Transitions of parasites to atypical hosts have been noted. The component communities of parasites of most fish species are characterized by high indices of diversity and evenness and low indices of dominance. In the marginal populations of pike and whitefish, they are strongly depleted with pronounced dominants and their change in ontogeny. The Arctic and Pacific elements of the ichthyoparasite fauna testify to the influence of the Arctic and Pacific oceans on its formation.
Solid-Phase Production of Low-Density Polyethylene Compositions with Reduced Graphene Oxide under Shear Deformations
Authors: Gasymov M. M. , Rogovina S. Z. , Kuznetsova O. P. , Shevchenko V. G. , Berlin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a nanocarbon nanofiller, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) of different composition, have been obtained under conditions of high-temperature shear deformations in a rotary disperser. Structure and properties of the obtained nanocomposites have been studied using a wide range of physico-chemical methods of analysis, including laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of mechanical and electrical parameters. The influence of the components ratio in the compositions on the characteristics of the resulting materials has been demonstrated.
Conductometric and Potentiometric Titration of Carboxyl Groups in Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Shestakova D. O. , San’kova N. N. , Parkhomchuk E. V.
Published: April 2024

A laboratory procedure has been suggested for determining the concentration of carboxyl groups at the surface of polystyrene microspheres at the latex concentration of a few hundredths of weight percentage (the COOH groups concentration below 4 × 10−4 mol/L). The procedure is based on conductometric and potentiometric titration. The influence of polymer particles concentration in the system, ionic strength of the solution, titration duration, and the system inertness on the obtained values of the carboxyl groups concentration and the determination accuracy have been investigated.
Electroconductive Materials Based on Polylactide and Polypyrrole for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zavrazhnykh N. A. , Sapurina I. Yu. , Shishov M. A. , Ivan’kova E. M. , Orlov V. P. , Yudin V. E.
Published: April 2024

Electroconductive scaffolds of different shape for tissue engineering have been obtained on the basis of two biocompatible polymers: polylactide and polypyrrole. The composite scaffolds have been based on porous permeable films or tubes of polylactides prepared via electrospinning. A layer of electroconductive polypyrrole has been applied at the developed surface of the scaffolds consisting of the chaotically interwoven fibers of micron-scale thickness. The structure of the tissue engineering scaffolds as well as their mechanical, redox, and electroconductive properties have been investigated. It has been found that the scaffolds are stable during electrical stimulation via prolonged application of the cyclic potentials.
Preparation of Nonwoven Carbon Materials from Fabrics Based on Flax Cellulose and Viscose Fibers
Authors: Makarov I. S. , Smyslov A. G. , Chernenko D. N. , Vinogradov M. I. , Legkov S. A. , Levin I. S. , Arkharova N. A. , Kulichikhin V. G.
Published: April 2024

A method for obtaining nonwoven carbon materials by the staged heat treatment of cellulose felt is developed. Fabrics produced from fibrous flax cellulose and viscose fibers by needle punching are used as nonwoven precursors. To obtain carbon fabric precursors the optimum ratios of components are chosen from the data on the formation of nonwoven fabrics and the thermal analysis of various blend formulations. It is shown that the content of flax fibers in the system should be at least 50%. Viscose fibers play the role of a reinforcing material and so far cannot be fully excluded from the system. With an increase in the content of flax cellulose the value of carbon yield grows. The mechanical properties of the carbon felt are provided by the physical network of friction and dispersion contacts between individual fibers. Upon heat treatment of the composite nonwoven material, the morphological features of precursor fibers remain unchanged. The interplanar distances of carbon layers in the carbon material are calculated using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The fraction of carbon upon heat treatment to 1700°С is at least 90%, and after graphitization to 2400°С the purity of the product is above 99%. The maximum values of carbon yield at this temperature may be as high as 25‒27%. The coefficients of thermal conductivity of the carbon felt are measured, and the values obtained are 30% lower than the corresponding parameters of carbon fabrics.
Modifying Effect of Polyethylene Fractions of Different Molecular Weights on the Morphology and Properties of Reactor Polymer Compositions Based on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Gostev S. S. , Starchak E. E. , Ushakova T. M. , Grinev V. G. , Krasheninnikov V. G. , Gorenberg A. Ya. , Vtyurina D. N. , Ladygina T. A. , Novokshonova L. A.
Published: April 2024

Reactor polymer compositions (RPCs) based on UHMWPE with Mw = 1000 kg mol–1 and low molecular weight HDPE (LMWPE) were studied. Two series of UHMWPE compositions were used to determine the influence of the molecular weight and properties of the LMWPE fraction on the morpho-logy, mechanical and rheological properties of UHMWPE/LMWPE. Сompositions, including from 10 to 80 wt % UHMWPE with Mw = 160 kg mol–1 (PE-160) were obtained in a two-stage process of ethylene polymerization with a metallocene catalyst. They differed in the order of introduction of PE-160 into UHMWPE (PE-160/UHMWPE and UHMWPE/PE-160). Compositions of UHMWPE and LMWPE with Mw = 48 kg mol–1 (PE-48/UHMWPE) with PE-48 content from 6 to 30 wt % were synthesized in a single-stage polymerization of ethylene in the presence of a tandem catalyst. A comparison of the shape and size of particles of nascent polymer products was made using the SEM method. The morphology, tensile, dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of RPC have been studied depending on the method of their preparation, the content of the low molecular weight fraction, its molecular weight and physical and mechanical properties. An increase in the proportion of PE-160 and PE-48 in PE-160/UHMWPE and PE‑48/UHMWPE leads to an increase in RPC crystallinity, tensile modulus and dynamic mechanical modulus with significant deviations from the additivity rule.
ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ: СУТНІСНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТА СИСТЕМА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: ТЮРІНА Ніла , КАРВАЦЬКА Наталія , ПЕТЯК Андрій
Published: April 2024

Досліджено трактування дефініції «зовнішньоекономічна діяльність»  у законодавчих актах України та авторські визначення науковців. Виконано розмежування сутності цієї дефініції на рівні процесу та суб’єктів  господарювання. Узагальнено точки зору вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців щодо сутності категорії «зовнішньоекономічна діяльність підприємства»  та сформовано авторське визначення,  де проставлені акценти для суб’єктів  зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Визначено пріоритети, рівні, складові,  мету та завдання   системи менеджменту зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Розмежовано  за сутністю та змістовним наповненням систему менеджменту зовнішньоекономічної діяльності на макро і мікро рівнях соціально-економічних систем.  У підсумку сформовано авторські визначення основних категорій зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, що стосуються сутності та процесу її виконання.
The Effect of Translation and Cultural Adaptations on Diagnostic Accuracy and Test Performance in Dementia Cognitive Screening Tools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Czerwinski-Alley Natasha C. , Chithiramohan Tamara , Subramaniam Hari , Beishon Lucy , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The current cognitive tests have been developed based on and standardized against Western constructs and normative data. With older people of minority ethnic background increasing across Western countries, there is a need for cognitive screening tests to address factors which influence performance bias and timely diagnostic dementia accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy in translated and culturally adapted cognitive screening tests and their impact on test performance in diverse populations have not been well addressed to date.

Objective:

This review aims to highlight considerations relating to the adaptation processes, language, cultural influences, impact of immigration, and level of education to assess for dementia in non-Western and/or non-English speaking populations.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search for studies addressing the effects of translation and cultural adaptations of cognitive screening tests (developed in a Western context) upon their diagnostic accuracy and test performance across diverse populations. Four electronic databases and manual searches were conducted, using a predefined search strategy. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted.

Results:

Search strategy yielded 2,890 articles, and seventeen studies (4,463 participants) met the inclusion criteria. There was variability in the sensitivity and specificity of cognitive tests, irrespective of whether they were translated only, culturally adapted only, or both. Cognitive test performance was affected by education, linguistic ability, and aspects of acculturation.

Conclusions:

We highlight the importance of translating and culturally adapting tests that have been developed in the Western context. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution as results varied due to the broad selection of included cognitive tests.
Prediction of Co-Occurrence of Lewy Body Disease with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hashiguchi Kenichi , Kobayashi Ryota , Morioka Daichi , Kawakatsu Shinobu , Sakamoto Kazutaka , Matsuda Hiroshi , Suzuki Akihito
Published: April 2024

Identifying the coexistence of Lewy body (LB) pathology with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in clinical practice is important in the era of anti-amyloid-β antibody therapy. However, few studies have predicted the presence of comorbid LB pathology with AD using indicative biomarkers of dementia with Lewy bodies or by collecting detailed clinical symptoms. We report the clinical progression of a 67-year-old patient diagnosed with AD who developed rapid eye movement sleep disorder-like symptoms and transient visual hallucinations 10 years after AD onset and was considered to have comorbid LB pathology based on imaging indicative biomarkers of dementia with Lewy bodies.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Rat Brain
Authors: Basurto-Islas Gustavo , Tung Yunn Chyn , Dai Chun-ling , Iqbal Khalid , Gong Cheng-Xin
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of DM, may also cause brain damage and further AD, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:

Our objective was to understand how DKA can promote neurodegeneration in AD.

Methods:

We induced DKA in rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, followed by starvation for 48 hours and investigated AD-related brain alterations focusing on tau phosphorylation.

Results:

We found that DKA induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at multiple sites associated with AD. Studies of tau kinases and phosphatases suggest that the DKA-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau was mainly mediated through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A. Disruption of the mTOR-AKT (the mechanistic target of rapamycin−protein kinase B) signaling pathway and increased levels of synaptic proteins were also observed in the brains of rats with DKA.

Conclusions:

These results shed some light on the mechanisms by which DKA may increase the risk for AD.
Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden
Authors: Nurhayati Yati , Ifrani  , Said M. Yasir , Yanova Muhammad Hendri
Published: April 2024

The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Indonesia in the Paris Agreement targeted emission reductions of 29% on its own and 41% with international cooperation in 2030, followed by Net Zero Emissions (NZE) in 2060. To achieve NZE, Indonesia enacted a carbon tax policy on April 1, 2022. The 2022–2024 carbon tax is limited to Steam Power Plants and will be imposed on other sectors by 2030. This research examines the ratio legis of carbon cost policies in Indonesia and compares the core of carbon tax policies in Indonesia with Sweden and Finland. Indonesia is starting to implement a Carbon Pricing policy under the ‘Cap-and-Tax’ scheme. The Cap scheme will be a means to force changes in the business culture in Indonesia, so the companies will pay attention to and reduce the carbon emission produced to avoid paying penalties for carbon exceeding the limits. Meanwhile, the Carbon Tax will provide economic resources to Indonesia to develop environmentally friendly technologies, fund research on renewable energy, and provide incentives for environmentally friendly businesses during the transition process to a carbon culture in Indonesia. Referring to the results of the comparison of carbon pricing policies in Finland and Sweden, Indonesia can gradually increase the cost of carbon taxes starting from Rp30,000/US$2 per ton CO2 equivalent to US$10 per ton CO2 equivalent. Meanwhile, for the imposition of high carbon tax rates, such as in Finland (US$73.02 per ton CO2 equivalent) and Sweden (US$137 per ton CO2 equivalent), Indonesia must carry out tax reforms, so the applied carbon tax is able to reduce carbon emissions without causing adverse impacts for the Indonesian economy.
Evaluation scale and definitions of core and core stability in sports: A systematic review
Authors: Enoki Shota , Hakozaki Taisei , Shimizu Takuya
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Core stability has been reported to be important for improving performance in athletes. However, the variety of measures used to assess core stability has made it difficult to compare results across studies. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on precise definitions of core and core stability, which is a barrier to research in this field.

OBJECTIVE:

The overall purpose of this review was to summarize the definitions of core and core stability and measurements of core stability used in previous studies on athletes.

METHODS:

We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Science Direct) from their inception to October 2023. Studies evaluating core stability in athletes across all sports were included. We excluded case studies and case series, opinion pieces, letters to editors and studies not written in the English language. Two researchers independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and methodological quality.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty-four studies were included, of which two were of high quality. The definitions of core and core stability varied widely, and ‘core’ was not defined in 108 studies and ‘core stability’ was not defined in 105 studies. The most used test protocol was the McGill test, which was used in 19 studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are multiple tests to measure core stability, and there is some confusion as to whether the measurement results represent core strength or core endurance. Future research papers should clarify the definitions of core and core stability, and consider core strength and core endurance separately.
Therapeutic effects of deep pharyngeal electrical stimulation combined with modified masako maneuver on aspiration in patients with stroke
Authors: Ni Bo-Ye , Jin Hua-Ping , Wu Wei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Stroke patients often experience difficulty swallowing. OBJECTIVE: To assist in the improvement of dysphagia symptoms by introducing a novel approach to the treatment of patients with post-stroke aspiration. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with post-stroke aspiration were enrolled and divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The control group received standard treatment, sham intraoral stimulation, and the Masako maneuver, while the experimental group was administered standard treatment, deep pharyngeal electrical stimulation (DPES), and a modified Masako maneuver. Changes in their Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Rosenbek scale scores were observed. RESULTS: The FOIS scores of both groups increased significantly after treatment (p < 0.01, respectively). The Rosenbek scale scores of both groups decreased significantly after treatment, with the experimental group scoring significantly lower than the control group (1.01±0.09 vs. 2.30±0.82) (p < 0.05). After treatment, the overall response rate in the experimental group (93.33%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (83.33%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In terms of effectively improving dysphagia in aspiration patients after stroke, DPES combined with modified Masako maneuver is clinically recommended.
Application of a downward tract adherence method in the manual bedside placement of post-pyloric tubes in the intensive care unit
Authors: Zhang Zanhua , He Fang , Lin Zhebing , Li Zhisu , Xiang Fei , Cai Weiwei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: At present, there are few studies on the technical requirements of manual bedside placement of post-pyloric tube in Intensive Care Unit patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of downward tract adherence method in the manual bedside placement of jejunal tubes. METHODS: In the downward group, 160 patients underwent manual bedside placement of jejunal tubes by a downward tract adherence method. In the conventional group, 144 patients were treated with conventional gas injection during the placement. The success rate, average time, and adverse reactions of the placement in the two groups were investigated and compared. RESULTS: The success rate of the placement in the downward group was significantly higher (95% vs. 75%, P< 0.001) and the average time for the successful placement was shortened (23 ± 5.91 min vs. 26 ± 5.49 min, P= 0.025) than that in the conventional group. No treatment-related adverse reactions occurred in either group, and there were also no significant differences in vital sign changes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the downward tract adherence method in the manual bedside placement of postpyloric tubes for the intensive care patients at the bedside has a higher success rate, effectivity and safety.
Leadership styles on job satisfaction and security among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khusheim Lina H.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Hospitals employ many social workers, whose tasks are complicated and arduous. Quality of life assessments by healthcare professionals (HCWs) are essential for better healthcare and skillful health service delivery. HCWs have been under tremendous mental and psychological strain and at high risk of virus acquisition since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated public hospital efficiency issues and remedies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study examined leadership styles and job satisfaction among Saudi Arabian healthcare workers (HCWs). Between September 1 and December 31, 2021, a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a verified web-based survey reached the appropriate sample and data was collected. A web-based self-administered survey collected demographic data, leadership style using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form 6-S (MLQ-6S), and health care employee satisfaction (SEHC) from HCWs. RESULTS: Leadership styles affected HCW job satisfaction, according to this study. Individual concern, idealized influence, contingent compensation, and inspiring motivation were negatively correlated with work satisfaction ratings. CONCLUSION: Creating a special training programme for new leaders should cover leadership styles and approaches, the skills needed to foster a productive workplace with high-quality care, and the creation of motivated work opportunities that can boost worker engagement and satisfaction.
Bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty is here to stay: A consecutive series transitioning from manual instrumentation to enabling technologies
Authors: Barberis Luca , Sabatini Luigi , Pellegrino Andrea , Galletta Claudia , Risitano Salvatore , Capella Marcello , Massè Alessandro , Schiraldi Marco , Indelli Pier Francesco
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Bicruciate-retaining (BCR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has seen renewed interest due to the potential for more natural knee kinematics with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retention. OBJECTIVE: The present study attempts to determine differences in the 2-year survivorship and patient-reported outcomes between two surgical strategies (traditional instrumentation versus robotics) applied to the extensive use of a modern, 2nd generation BCR TKA design. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study with prospectively collected data of 113 patients who underwent primary TKA between 2018 and 2020 using a 2nd generation BCR TKA implant. Patient demographics, PROMS, and intra/post-operative complications were collected. Patients were also evaluated according to the use or not of robotics. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate revision-free survival at follow up. RESULTS: 102 patients were enrolled: 90 received traditional surgery and 12 robotic-assisted surgery. The mean age was 68 years (SD 7.76) with an average BMI of 29.6 kg/m2 (SD 3.56). The mean follow up (FU) was 32.4 ± 6.2 months (range 24–45 months). Survivorship at 2 years was 98% (95% CI: 92.4–99.5). Revisions/reoperations were performed for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear (1/4), pain (1/4), arthrofibrosis (1/4) and acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (1/4). At final FU, 92 patients (90.2%) considered themselves satisfied, showing a mean OKS of 40.6 (SD 5.1) and a mean FKS of 76.7 (SD 11.8). No differences in the outcome were found between traditional and robotic-assisted procedures. CONCLUSION: The modern BCR design evaluated in this study achieved excellent results in terms of implant survivorship, low rate of reoperation and clinical results, independently from the use of enabling technologies.
Observations of the effectiveness, dosage, and prognosis of intensity-modulated radiation therapy under ultrasonic guidance for cervical cancer patients
Authors: Li Chenxi , Li Jian , Lu Yao , Hou Jiahui , Zhi Zhaoyu , Zhao Baocun , Zhang Xiumei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) guided by ultrasound is a novel radiation therapy technique that facilitates the delineation of the tumor target area under image guidance, enhancing the precision of radiation therapy and maximizing the protection of surrounding tissues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of VMAT under ultrasonic guidance for cervical cancer patients and its impact on radiotherapy dosage and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis encompassed 128 instances of cervical cancer patients who were admitted to our medical facility between April 2019 and April 2021. The patients were categorized into an observation cohort and a control cohort, depending on variations in treatment modalities post-admission. The control group underwent conventional radiotherapy, whereas the observation group received VMAT guided by ultrasound. Clinical efficacy, average radiation dosages (in the radiotherapy target area, rectum, and bladder), radiotherapy-related toxicities during treatment, and one-year survival rates were compared between the two groups. Additionally, variances in pre- and post-treatment serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) were subjected to assessment. RESULTS: When compared to the control group (64.52%), the observation cohort’s comprehensive effectiveness rate was considerably greater (80.30%). The observation group saw lower average radiation exposures and a reduction in the post-treatment concentrations of CEA, SCC-Ag, and CA724. The overall incidence of adverse effects from radiation treatment also declined. The observation group had a greater one-year survival rate (90.48%) than the control group (73.33%). When comparing the observation cohort to the control group, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher one-year survival rate (Log-Rank = 6.530, P= 0.011). CONCLUSION: VMAT guided by ultrasound for patients with cervical cancer demonstrates promising short- and long-term treatment outcomes. It also leads to improvements in serum CEA, SCC-Ag, and CA724 levels, as well as reductions in the average radiation dosages to the radiotherapy target area, rectum, and bladder. This approach warrants attention from clinicians in clinical practice.
Disability disclosure as an impression management technique used in the workplace: A grounded theory investigation
Authors: Manno Christine M. , Glade Rachel , Koch Lynn C. , Simon Lauren S. , Rumrill Phillip D. , Rosen Christopher C.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: In order to overcome obstacles to entry and inclusion in the workplace, individuals with disabilities engage in various impression management strategies to present themselves as the socially acceptable ‘ideal employee.’ OBJECTIVE: This study expands on previous disclosure research by asking individuals with disabilities to share their experiences of identity management and workplace challenges. METHODS: We leveraged qualitative research techniques to explore the reciprocal impact of workplace treatment and disclosure. RESULTS: Impression management emerged as an especially salient aspect of participants’ disclosure decisions, and participants used an array of impression management tactics. Some employees with disabilities described positive experiences; however, we also learned that impression management can present unique challenges that may outweigh potential benefits. CONCLUSION: Our findings affirm that managing the image we project can be remarkably complicated and effortful when having a disability. This paper concludes with implementation recommendations for vocational rehabilitation counselors and human resource practitioners.
A new record of Henckelia infundibuliformis for India from Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Taram Momang , Borah Dipankar
Published: April 2024

_Henckelia infundibuliformis _(W. T. Wang) D. J. Middleton & Mich. Möller is recorded as new record for the Flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Extended taxonomic description is provided for the species accompanied by photographs and ecology.
The Theory of Cartelisation and its Critique in Koole
Authors: Horváth Anett , Nagy Milán
Published: April 2024

The concept of a cartel party as formulated by Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair initially provoked a debate between the authors and Professor Ruud Koole, but several empirical studies on the issue of cartelisation have led to a number of conclusions on the thesis that are worth further reflection.
Gait Pattern Analysis Through Various Techniques and Methods - A Review
Authors: Mhaske Sakshi Vitthal  , Mhaske Sakshi
Published: April 2024

The gait cycle, which involves propelling the centre of gravity in the direction of motion, is the interval of time or series of action during locomotion from the moment one foot touches the ground to the moment that same foot contact the ground again. Examination of person’s waking style or standing and walking pattern called gait analysis. The result of this analysis can be used to determine the causes skeletal muscular Examination or neurological issues, as well as it is applicable in criminal investigation to find out the unique gait pattern of an individual by using the different parameters and technique.
Discovering
the deep roots of corporate social responsibility in SMEs
Authors: Boubakary Ben , Ngo Nken Irène , Donatienne Moskolaï Doumagay
Published: April 2024

Purpose This article looks at the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Cameroon's dynamic landscape, exploring the motivations driving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt socially responsible practices. In contrast to the emphasis on CSR in large companies, we highlight the central role played by SMEs as catalysts for sustainable development. Design/Methodology/Approach Using a quantitative methodological approach, this study examines the different factors that influence the adoption of CSR in Cameroonian SMEs. We established a non-probability sample of 124 SMEs based in the following four Cameroonian cities: Douala, Yaounde, Garoua and Ngaoundere. We used binomial logistic regression to analyse the impact of financial resources, institutional environment, company size, sector of activity, managerial ethics and company age on SMEs' commitment to socially responsible practices. Findings and implications Our study highlights the key determinants of commitment to CSR in Cameroonian SMEs. Our results show that financial resources, the institutional environment, the size of the company, the sector of activity, the ethics of the manager and the age of the company appear to be key factors influencing the implementation of a CSR approach. However, the factors studied have different weights of influence in the implementation of this CSR approach. These results prompt a reassessment of CSR implementation strategies and provide valuable pointers for improving the reputation, sustainability and relevance of Cameroonian SMEs in a rapidly changing context. Limitations Although this study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of CSR in Cameroonian SMEs, certain limitations must be acknowledged. The research is specific to the Cameroonian context and the results may not be universally applicable. In addition, the dynamic nature of business environments introduces a temporal component that may impact the generalisability of our results over time. Finally, the absence of a relationship between the nature of the technologies used and the implementation of a CSR approach is counter-intuitive and would merit being tested on larger samples or being the subject of further qualitative research in order to identify other components of the variable.Originality This research fills a crucial gap in the literature by shedding light on CSR in the context of Cameroonian SMEs. The identification of multifaceted determinants offers a unique contribution to the wider CSR discourse, challenging conventional perceptions and providing practical implications for both academics and practitioners.
КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТОРГІВЛІ ЛЮДЬМИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Котова Вікторія Валеріївна
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізовані статистичні дані Офісу Генерального прокурора України, Національної соціальної сервісної служби України та міжнародних організацій щодо зареєстрованих злочинів, передбачених статтею 149 КК України, осіб, постраждалих від торгівлі людьми, а також осіб, які вчинили вказані злочини. На цій основі сформульовані положення щодо кримінологічної характеристики торгівлі людьми в умовах воєнного стану. Зокрема, вони стосуються поняття (дефініції) торгівлі людьми та детермінантів таких злочинів в Україні, особи злочинця і жертви, шляхів запобігання вказаним злочинам. Охарактеризовано окремі ознаки, які можуть вказувати на злочинні наміри певних осіб, які пропонують допомогу чи роботу людям, що потрапили в уразливе становище, а фактично планують їх експлуатацію. Визначені внутрішні та зовнішні детермінанти торгівлі людьми, загальні тенденції у вчиненні таких злочинів в умовах воєнного стану. Розглянуто заходи загальної та індивідуальної профілактики торгівлі людьми в умовах воєнного стану.
ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГІЧНЕ РОЗУМІННЯ КОРУПЦІЙНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ ТА ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ ІЗ КОРУПЦІЄЮ
Authors: Рева Станіслав Ігорович , Веселов Микола Юрійович
Published: April 2024

Представлена робота присвячена розгляду понять «корупційне правопорушення» та «правопорушення, пов’язане з корупцією» в контексті сучасних феноменологічних ідей у зарубіжній та вітчизняній (українській) правовій науці. У статті висвітлено соціальну та правову сутність цих понять, дослідження торкається причин та умов існування цього явища в українській державі та суспільстві. Провідною ідеєю статті є встановлення одночасного існування двох споріднених феноменів корупційних правопорушень та правопорушень, пов’язаних з корупцією, а також з’ясування аналогії та відмінностей між цими явищами. В основу дослідження покладено використання спеціального методу феноменологічної редукції, з використанням якого реалізована спроба розглянути правопорушення, пов’язані з корупцією, як правовий феномен та на підставі онтологічних і гносеологічних властивостей дослідити його проблеми. Наголошується, що в окремих проявах межа між правопорушенням, пов’язаним з корупцією, і корупційним правопорушенням виявляється дуже умовною, що вказує на органічний зв’язок цих видів порушень антикорупційного законодавства. Відокремленість феномену правопорушення, пов’язаного з корупцією від феномену корупційних правопорушень обумовлена однією з суттєвих і одночасно «парадоксальних» ознак цього виду деліктів – вони не містять ознак корупції. Втім формальність такого підходу простежується у тому, що так само як і у випадку з корупційними правопорушеннями, родовим об’єктом правопорушень, які не містять ознак самої корупції, виступають суспільні відносини у сфері запобігання порушенню законодавством антикорупційних вимог, заборон та обмежень. Існування феноменальних юридичних відмінностей між правопорушеннями, пов’язаними з корупцією та корупційними правопорушеннями на фоні наявності спільних рис, властивостей та детермінант цих двох явищ дає підстави говорити про можливість одночасного існування двох цих споріднених феноменів.
ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ СОЮЗ ЯК АКТОР ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ФІЗКУЛЬТУРНО-СПОРТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Барський Вадим Рудольфович
Published: April 2024

Наведені аргументи на користь позиції, що в результаті правової глобалізації, найбільш активними провайдерами якої на Європейському континенті є Рада Європи та Європейський Союз, поступово змінюється ставлення до одного з найважливіших принципів спортивного руху – автономія та саморегуляція. Стверджується, що виникнення Європейського Союзу призвело до змін меж публічно-правового втручання в автономні інститути соціального буття, такі як релігія, родина, спорт. Досліджуються історичні етапи, закономірності, інструменти та тенденції правового регулювання Європейським Союзом діяльності у сфері фізичної культури і спорту. Наводяться приклади використання ЄС різних інструментів «м’якого права» для формування меж автономії сучасного європейського спортивного руху та свободи діяльності у сфері фізичної культури і спорту. Доведено, що Європейський Союз поступово збільшує свою присутність у правовому полі фізичної культури і спорту, концентруючи свій правовий вплив не лише на забезпеченні свобод Єдиного європейського ринку, а й на інклюзивності у фізичній культурі і спорті, боротьбі з дискримінацією у спорті, запобіганні застосуванню допінгу у спорті, безпеці під час спортивних змагань тощо. В зв’язку з набуттям Україною 23 червня 2022 року статусу кандидата до Європейського Союзу вказується на необхідність системного дослідження ролі, яку грає Європейський Союз у правовому регулюванні діяльності у сфері фізичної культури і спорту. Розмірковується над потенціалом норм спортивного права Європейського Союзу для регулювання правовідносин, пов’язаних з діяльністю у сфері фізичної культури і спорту в Україні, зокрема публічне управляння фізичною культурою і спортом, експлуатація об'єктів спортивної інфраструктури, надання фізкультурно-спортивних послуг в Україні в контексті європейської інтеграції. Проаналізовано форми впливу права Європейського Союзу на правовідносини, пов’язані з фізкультурно-спортивною діяльністю в Україні. Вказується перешкоди для транспозиції норм права Європейського Союзу до законодавства України про фізичну культуру і спорт.
Povezivanje ljudskog kapitala s kauzalnim i efektualnim pristupom poduzetništvu
Authors: Kolaković Marko , Horvatinović Tin
Published: April 2024

Ljudski kapital s jedne te kauzalni i efektualni pristup poduzetništvu sdruge strane postali su važni koncepti u objašnjavanju uspješnosti poslovanjapoduzeća. Iako u literaturi postoje naznake o njihovoj teorijskoj svezi,dosad ih nijedno istraživanje nije sagledalo u jednom koherentnom modelu.Ovim radom ispunjava se navedeni istraživački jaz kroz uključivanje jednekategorije ljudskog kapitala, odnosno poduzetničkog iskustva, u empirijskimodel gdje su kauzalni i efektualni pristupi poduzetništvu glavne determinanteposlovne uspješnosti. Relevantni podaci prikupljeni su elektronskimputem pomoću anketnog upitnika na uzorku malog gospodarstva u RepubliciHrvatskoj. Hipoteze koje proizlaze iz predloženog strukturnog modela testiranesu modeliranjem strukturnih jednadžbi temeljenog na pristupu varijance.Rezultati pokazuju kako je poduzetničko iskustvo značajan moderator odnosakauzalnoga pristupa poduzetništvu i poslovne uspješnosti, dok isto nijepotvrđeno za odnos efektualnoga pristupa poduzetništvu i poslovne uspješnosti.Pomoću navedenih rezultata može se istaknuti postojanje važnosti interakcijeljudskog kapitala s jednim od dva temeljna poduzetnička pristupate nužnost daljnjeg teorijskog razvoja oba poduzetnička pristupa kao dvapovezana (a ne suprotna) načina upravljanja poduzećem. Usprkos ograničenjima,primjerice upotrebi presječnih podataka, ishodi ovog istraživanja važni su za konceptualno unaprjeđenje kauzalnog i efektualnog poduzetničkogpristupa te za povećanje njihove praktične primjenjivosti i efektivnosti.
The natural history of luck: A synthesis study of structured population models
Authors: Hernandez Christina , Ellner Stephen , Snyder Robin , Hooker Giles
Published: April 2024

Chance pervades life. In turn, life histories are described by probabilities (e.g., survival, breeding) and averages across individuals (e.g., mean growth rate, age at maturity). In this study, we explored patterns of luck in lifetime outcomes by analyzing structured population models for a wide array of plant and animal species. We calculated four response variables: variance and skewness in both lifespan and lifetime reproductive output (LRO), and partitioned them into contributions from different forms of luck. We examined relationships among response variables and a variety of life history traits. We found that variance in lifespan and variance in LRO were positively correlated across taxa, but that variance and skewness were negatively correlated for both lifespan and LRO. The most important life history trait was longevity, which shaped variance and skew in LRO through its effects on variance in lifespan. We found that luck in survival, growth, and fecundity all contributed to variance in LRO, but skew in LRO was overwhelmingly due to survival luck. Rapidly growing populations have larger variances in LRO and lifespan than shrinking populations. Our results indicate that luck-induced genetic drift may be most severe in recovering populations of species with long mature lifespan and high iteroparity.
Guata Porã: educação musical e educação ambiental em uma perspectiva decolonial
Authors: De Sousa Renan Santiago , Sanchez Pereira Celso
Published: April 2024

O presente texto busca refletir sobre a possibilidade de a crítica decolonial ser usada como um ponto de sutura para propiciar um diálogo urgente entre dois campos distintos: a educação musical e a educação ambiental. Nesse contexto, a crítica decolonial e as principais macrotendências político- pedagógicas da educação ambiental, a saber, conservacionista, pragmática, crítica e de base comunitária são apresentadas e discutidas. Após isso, argumenta-se que as práticas de educação musical vistas como “ambientais” caem, geralmente, no bojo das macrotendências conservacionista e pragmática, que são as que têm menos potencial para conscientiar criticamente sobre assuntos ecológicos. Destarte, o ensino da música de povos cuja relação com a natureza é eco-ontológica, como indígenas, é apresentado como uma possibilidade de se relacionar educação musical e educação ambiental crítica e de base comunitária a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial e sem desprezar conteúdos musicais. Por fim, longe de encerrar a discussão, o texto indica, justamente, a necessidade haver um belo caminhar - guata porã, em Guarani - entre esses dois campos do saber: a educação musical e a educação ambiental.
Analysis of the integral index of bank capitalization
Authors: Yefimenko Alina , Letunovska Nataliia
Published: April 2024

Adequate capitalization is crucial for ensuring a bank’s financial stability and, by extension, the financial security of the entire country. This importance is especially evident in terms of both the quantity and quality of capital that a bank holds to cushion potential losses. Various indicators and ratios are employed to assess the level of bank capitalization, often subject to regulatory oversight. However, there is currently no standardized methodology for calculating and analyzing this indicator. This article aims to analyze the comprehensive index of bank capitalization levels. The calculation is based on statistical reports from 34 European countries spanning the years 2010 to 2020. The author explores the main direct and indirect factors influencing the level of bank capitalization. Direct indicators include return on equity, capital to assets ratio, and the ratio of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets. Indirect factors include return on assets, the level of non-performing loans, the number of bank branches, the ratio of expenses to income of banks, and the ratio of bank deposits to GDP.
Tax benefits as a state regulation tool
Authors: Markevych Illia , Parasii-Verhunenko Iryna
Published: April 2024

Taxes, as an economic phenomenon, have evolved over time, transforming from a purely fiscal mechanism into a tool of state management for economic processes. Evolutionary changes occurred, particularly through the clarification of tax functions. One of these functions is regulatory, aimed at altering economic and social processes within the state. The greatest regulatory effect can be achieved through direct taxes, where exemption or reduction of taxes payable directly influences regulated objects to achieve a specific objective. The administration of preferential taxation is transparent, allowing proper control over the use of tax-exempt funds and effective investment attraction. Tax benefits in Ukraine’s tax system not only influence taxpayers’ economic behavior but also prioritize their activities within the state’s economic policy framework. One of the key tools for such regulation is the corporate income tax, being a source of state budget revenue resources that impact the processes of investment, innovation, and foreign economic activity of the entities within the country.
Comparative Study on the Impact of Vertical Growth on dental and Soft Tissue Profile
Authors: Hashim Hayder A , AL-Sayed Najat , AL-Obaidli Noof , A Hashim Mohamed Hayder , Al Jawad Feras Abed
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aimed to compare facial groups based on their vertical skeletal characteristics (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent) and their associated soft tissue features, focusing on the lips and chin. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 lateral cephalometric x-rays were obtained from patients sought orthodontic treatment. The samples were categorized into hypodivergent (Md/Mx <20°), normodivergent (Md/Mx between >20° and 28°), and hyperdivergent (Md/Mx >28°) facial types. Results: In Class I group, normodivergent facial type was the most prevalent (55.2%), while hyperdivergent pattern dominated in Class II (54.5%) and Class III (40%) groups. The hypodivergent group exhibited the highest mean thickness for upper and lower lips (8.95 mm and 9.35 mm, respectively). Hyperdivergent individuals had the greatest mean upper lip height (11.3 mm), whereas hypodivergent individuals had the highest mean lower lip height (25.32 mm). Procumbency of upper (PUL) and lower lips (PLL) was most prominent in the hypodivergent group (2.08 mm and 0.87 mm, respectively). Hyperdivergent individuals showed the maximum mean chin thickness (7.84 mm). Statistically significant differences were observed only between Hypo vs Normo-divergent groups in upper lip thickness (ULT), and in PUL and PLL between Hypo vs Normodivergent and Hypo vs Hyperdivergent groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that a correlation between the hard tissue (bones and teeth) and soft tissue (facial features) topography were found in Sudanese subjects. There was a significant correlation between the soft tissue variables including nasolabial angle, upper lip thickness, and length in the three different skeletal vertical dimensions, but this correlation was observed only in the lower jaw. Individuals with hypodivergent facial patterns tend to have greater thickness in the upper and lower lips, lower lip height, compared to normodivergent and hyperdivergent counterparts.