bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Nutritional Factors Determining the Production and Quality of Sheep Meat – A Review
Authors: Knapik Jan , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Pieszka Marek
Published: June 2016

In the last 20 years, the importance of sheep and especially lamb meat as the main product of the sheep industry in European conditions increased noticeably. In the same period, people’s interest in food quality grew. This contributed to a significant intensification of research to improve the meat production and quality traits in sheep. The aim of the research performed mainly focuses on the effects of nutrition, the environmental and genetic factors on the value of fattening, slaughter and meat quality characteristics. Much of the research concentrates on determining the fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat, which is important for sensory traits and dietetic value of lamb. Modulation of healthy qualities of lamb is aimed, inter alia, to modify the fatty acid profile, in particular to maintain the proper ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA ) to saturated fatty acids (SFA). It is also desirable to increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Furthermore, it has been proven that changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism are associated with the change in lipid profile in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review was to summarize the information currently available about the influence of genetic and nutritional factors on meat production and quality traits in different sheep breeds.
The Effect of Dietary Essential Oil Mixture Supplementation on Performance, Egg Quality and Bone Characteristics in Laying Hens
Authors: Olgun Osman
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seven different levels (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) of a phytogenic feed additive containing a mixture of essential oils from thyme, black cumin, fennel, anise and rosemary on performance, eggshell quality, bone biomechanical properties and bone mineralization in laying hens. This study consisted of a total of 112, 21-week-old Super Nick laying hens, which were randomly distributed into seven experimental groups. During the 12-week experimental period, each experimental group of four replicates of four birds each was fed with seven treatment diets. Egg weight and egg mass were positively linearly affected by essential oil mixture supplementation. Also, eggshell thickness was increased quadratically by essential oil mixture supplementation. The biomechanical properties and tibia mineral content were adversely affected by essential oil mixture supplementation at the level of 600 and 400 mg/ kg, respectively. These results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with a low or medium concentration of essential oils improved bone parameters, while at high levels were adversely affected in laying hens.
Metal food packaging design based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system in canned food safety
Authors: Li Xingyi
Published: June 2016

This study aims to design metal food packaging with hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). First, theory of HACCP was introduced in detail. Taking empty cans provided by Wuxi Huapeng Food Packaging Company as an example, we studied migration of bisphenol compounds in coating of food can to food stimulant. Moreover, packaging design of luncheon meat can was taken as an example to confirm whether HACCP system could effectively control migration of phenolic substance. Results demonstrated that, coating of such empty were more likely to contain multiple bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) was considered as the leading bisphenol pollutant; food stimulant of different types, storage temperature and time could all impact migration of bisphenol compounds. HACCP system was proved to be effective in controlling hazards of phenolic substance in luncheon meat can and could reduce various phenolic substance indexes to an acceptable range. Therefore, HACCP can control migration of phenolic substance and recontamination of food and thus ensure food safety.
Contralog: a Prolog conform forward-chaining environment and its application for dynamic programming and natural language parsing
Authors: Kilián Imre
Published: June 2016

The backward-chaining inference strategy of Prolog is inefficient for a number of problems. The article proposes Contralog: a Prolog-conform, forward-chaining language and an inference engine that is implemented as a preprocessor-compiler to Prolog. The target model is Prolog, which ensures mutual switching from Contralog to Prolog and back. The Contralog compiler is implemented using Prolog's de facto standardized macro expansion capability. The article goes into details regarding the target model.

We introduce first a simple application example for Contralog. Then the next section shows how a recursive definition of some problems is executed by their Contralog definition automatically in a dynamic programming way. Two examples, the well-known matrix chain multiplication problem and the Warshall algorithm are shown here. After this, the inferential target model of Prolog/Contralog programs is introduced, and the possibility for implementing the ReALIS natural language parsing technology is described relying heavily on Contralog's forward chaining inference engine. Finally the article also discusses some practical questions of Contralog program development.
Edge coloring of graphs, uses, limitation, complexity
Authors: Szabó Sándor , Zaválnij Bogdán
Published: June 2016

The known fact that coloring of the nodes of a graph improves the performance of practical clique search algorithm is the main motivation of this paper. We will describe a number of ways in which an edge coloring scheme proposed in [8] can be used in clique search. The edge coloring provides an upper bound for the clique number. This estimate has a limitation. It will be shown that the gap between the clique number and the upper bound can be arbitrarily large. Finally, it will be shown that to determine the optimal number of colors in an edge coloring is NP-hard.
Improving the effectiveness of FMEA analysis in automotive – a case study
Authors: Ványi Gábor
Published: June 2016

Many industries, for example automotive, have well defined product development process definitions and risk evaluation methods. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a first line risk analysis method in design, which has been implemented in development and production since decades. Although the first applications were focusing on mechanical and electrical design and functionalities, today, software components are implemented in many modern vehicle systems. However, standards or industry specific associations do not specify any “best practice” how to design the interactions of multiple entities in one model. This case study focuses on modelling interconnections and on the improvement of the FMEA modelling process in the automotive. Selecting and grouping software components for the analysis is discussed, but software architect design patterns are excluded from the study.
On the nullity of a family of tripartite graphs
Authors: Farooq Rashid , Malik Mehar Ali , Naureen Qudsia , Pirzada Shariefuddin
Published: June 2016

The eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph form the spectrum of the graph. The multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in the spectrum of a graph is called nullity of the graph. Fan and Qian (2009) obtained the nullity set of n-vertex bipartite graphs and characterized the bipartite graphs with nullity n − 4 and the regular n-vertex bipartite graphs with nullity n − 6. In this paper, we study similar problem for a class of tripartite graphs. As observed the nullity problem in tripartite graphs does not follow as an extension to that of the nullity of bipartite graphs, this makes the study of nullity in tripartite graphs interesting. In this direction, we obtain the nullity set of a class of n-vertex tripartite graphs and characterize these tripartite graphs with nullity n − 4. We also characterize some tripartite graphs with nullity n − 6 in this class.
Global value chains and the exchange rate elasticity of exports
Authors: Ahmed Swarnali , Appendino Maximiliano , Ruta Michele
Published: June 2016

This paper analyzes how the formation of global value chains (GVCs) has affected the exchange rate elasticity of exports. Using a panel framework covering 46 countries over the period 1996–2012, we first find some suggestive evidence that the elasticity of real manufacturing exports to the real effective exchange rate (REER) has decreased over time. We then examine whether the formation of supply chains has affected this elasticity using different measures of GVC integration. Intuitively, as countries are more integrated in global production processes, a currency depreciation only improves competitiveness of a fraction of the value of final good exports. In line with this intuition, we find evidence that GVC participation reduces the REER elasticity of manufacturing exports by 22 percent, on average.
Sealing of silicon-glass microcavities with polymer filling
Authors: Knapkiewicz P. , Augustyniak I.
Published: June 2016

Investigation of hermetic sealing of selected polymers in silicon-glass microcavities has been presented. The anodic bonding method has been adapted for hermetic encapsulation of the polymer in microcavity. According to standard conditions of the anodic bonding process (temperature: 400°C, voltage: 1000 V), the main challenge was the significant reduction of temperature in order to avoid degradation of the polymer. An analysis of the influence of reduced temperature and oxygen-free atmosphere on bond quality has been done. Proper parameters of the anodic bonding process enabling good and hermetic encapsulation of the polymer in the microcavity as well as optimal polymer treatment have been elaborated. Studies have shown that the closure of high density polyethylene in microcavity by anodic bonding process at a temperature reduced to 340°C is possible. This procedure will be used for the fabrication of main elements for a new family of high radiation MEMS sensors.
Physical interpretation of the Cosserat mechanics for a collection of atoms
Authors: Sikoń M.
Published: June 2016

In this work, the Cosserat medium is analyzes as a set of atoms. These atoms are under the action of a mechanical load. The statistical analysis is preceded by a description of a single atom using classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. The behavior of the atoms in the field generated by mechanical change of the interatomic distance is shown as a phenomenon which can explain the Cosserat mechanics in a continuum.
Study of vibration control using laboratory test rig of wind turbine tower-nacelle system with MR damper based tuned vibration absorber
Authors: Martynowicz P.
Published: June 2016

Wind turbine tower dynamic stress is related to the fatigue wear and reliability of the whole wind turbine structure. This paper deals with the problem of tower vibration control using a specially designed and built laboratory model. The considered wind turbine tower-nacelle model consists of a vertically arranged stiff rod (representing the tower), and a system of steel plates (representing nacelle and turbine assemblies) fixed at its top. The horizontally aligned tuned vibration absorber (TVA) with magnetorheological (MR) damper is located also at the top of the rod (in nacelle system). Force excitation sources applied horizontally to the tower itself and to the nacelle were both considered. The MR damper real-time control algorithms, including ground hook control and its modification, sliding mode control, linear and nonlinear (cubic and square root) damping, and adaptive solutions are compared to the open-loop case with various constant MR damper input current values and system without MR TVA (i.e., MR TVA in “locked” state). Comprehensive experimental analyses and their results are presented.
Fractional calculus for continuum mechanics – anisotropic non-locality
Authors: Sumelka W.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a generalisation of previous author’s formulation of fractional continuum mechanics for the case of anisotropic non-locality is presented. The discussion includes a review of competitive formulations available in literature. The overall concept is based on the fractional deformation gradient which is non-local due to fractional derivative definition. The main advantage of the proposed formulation is its structure, analogous to the general framework of classical continuum mechanics. In this sense, it allows to define similar physical and geometrical meaning of introduced objects. The theoretical discussion is illustrated by numerical examples assuming anisotropy limited to single direction.
Towards development of a prototype high-temperature latent heat storage unit as an element of a RES-based energy system (part 2)
Authors: Karwacki J. , Bogucka-Bykuć K. , Włosiński W. , Bykuć S.
Published: June 2016

This paper presents an experimental study performed with the general aim of defining procedures for calculation and optimization of shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage unit with metals or metal alloys as PCMs. The experimental study is focused on receiving the exact information about heat transfer between heat transfer fluid (HTF) and phase change material (PCM) during energy accumulation process. Therefore, simple geometry of heat transfer area was selected. Two configurations of shell-and-tube thermal energy storage (TES) units were investigated. The paper also highlights the emerging trend (reflected in the literature) with respect to the investigation of metal PCM-based heat storage units in recent years and shortly presents unique properties and application features of this relatively new class of PCMs.
Mathematical model parameter estimation of a generating unit operating in the Polish National Power System
Authors: Majka Ł. , Paszek S.
Published: June 2016

In the paper, a method and results of parameter estimation of the mathematical model of a generating unit operating in the Polish National Power System are presented. Computations of the parameters were carried out based on measurement and simulation of dynamic waveforms of selected quantities of the generating unit. The problem of parameter identification was brought to minimization of the objective function determined by the vector of deviations between the approximated and approximating waveforms computed on the basis of the models expressed by the searched parameters. A hybrid optimization algorithm, being a serial combination of genetic and gradient algorithms, was used for minimization of the objective function. A methodology for filtering the recorded measurement signals is proposed in the paper. Method and results calculation of the sensitivity to changes of the model parameters of selected dynamic waveforms are also presented.
Evolutionary Computing Based on QoS Oriented Energy Efficient VM Consolidation Scheme for Large Scale Cloud Data Centers
Authors: Theja Perla Ravi , Babu S. K. Khadar
Published: June 2016

The high pace and increase in cloud computing technology and associated applications, especially large scale data centres, have demanded energy efficient and Quality of Service (QoS) oriented computing platform. To meet these requirements, virtualization and Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation has emerged as an effective solution. The optimization in VM consolidation by means of efficient dynamic resource-utilization prediction, VM selection and placement can achieve optimal solution for energy efficient and QoS oriented cloud computing system. In this paper, an evolutionary computing algorithm called Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (A-GA) based VM consolidation approach has been developed. A-GA based placement policy and its implementation with different VM selection policies like Minimum Migration Time (MMT), Maximum Correlation (MC) and Random Selection (RS), along with different CPU utilization estimation approaches like Inter Quartile Range (IQR), Local Regression (LR), Local Robust Regression (LRR), static THReshold (THR) and Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) has revealed that A-GA based consolidation with MMT selection policy and combined IQR and LRR can enable optimal VM consolidation for large scale infrastructures. In addition, the proposed A-GA policy has exhibited better performance as compared to other meta-heuristics such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Best Fit Decreasing. The proposed consolidation system can be used for large scale cloud infrastructures where energy conservation, minimal Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation and QoS assurance is inevitable.
Advanced Control of the Wood Thermal Treatment Processing
Authors: Hadjiski Mincho , Deliiski Nencho
Published: June 2016

An advanced control system is considered for wood Thermal Treatment Processing (TTP) in order to cope with the scarcity of on-line measurements as well as cope with a variety of unpredictable operational conditions arising due to disturbances and large uncertainties. The architecture of the proposed control system includes a number of Building Blocks (BB), functionally based on well-established algorithms, so that that the design and operation of the system use mainly parameterisation via simulation, optimization and coordination. In the created BB a set of advances are incorporated: first principle modelling of WEP, inference control, Run-to-Run optimization, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). Some results of real applications in SMEs are presented.
Estimation of hematocrit in filter paper dried bloodspots by potassium measurement: advantage of use of perimeter ring samples over circular center sub-punch samples
Authors: Rufail Miguel L. , McCloskey Laura J. , Stickle Douglas F.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Quantitative assays using dried filter paper bloodspots (DBS) may be adversely affected by hematocrit (HCT) as an unknown variable. Studies have demonstrated the utility of the measurement of potassium (K) from DBS punches to estimate HCT. Because there is significant accrual of RBCs at the DBS perimeter, we investigated whether K measurement from ring-shaped specimens inclusive of the perimeter might provide an advantage over conventional interior circular sub-punch samples to estimate HCT.

Methods:

Primary samples were Li-heparin whole blood, with HCT as measured on concurrently-drawn K-EDTA specimens. DBS were formed by bolus addition of 40 μL whole blood to filter paper cards. Total bloodspot area was determined by image analysis. Removal of center sub-punch (P) samples of fixed area produced remainder ring (R) samples inclusive of the perimeter. Samples were extracted in K-EDTA (2.5 mmol/L) and measured for diluent-corrected K per area (α, μmol K/cm2).

Results:

Forty-three patient samples were utilized. α was normally distributed: α(P)=1.23±0.26 μmol K/cm2; α(R)=1.86±0.41 μmol K/cm2; α(R)/α(P)=1.51±0.15. α was correlated with HCT: α(P)=0.030 HCT(%)+0.015 μmol K/cm2 (r2=0.795); α(R)=0.052 HCT(%)+0.010 μmol K/cm2 (r2 = 0.912), but with higher resolution and lesser error for α(R).

Conclusions:

K per area (α) was significantly higher in R samples vs. P samples, with higher resolution for α(R) vs. HCT. Use of ring samples inclusive of the perimeter to estimate HCT for DBS via K measurement can provide an advantage over use of center sub-punch samples.
Evaluation of the first fully automated immunoassay method for the measurement of stimulating TSH receptor autoantibodies in Graves’ disease
Authors: Tozzoli Renato , D’Aurizio Federica , Villalta Danilo , Giovanella Luca
Published: June 2016

Background:

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) are pathogenetic and diagnostic hallmarks of Graves’ disease (GD). Three varieties of TRAb have been described: stimulating (S-TRAb), blocking (B-TRAb), and apoptotic (A-TRAb) autoantibodies. Very recently, the first immunoassay method (Immulite TSI assay, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) declared to measure serum S-TRAb concentration, has been made available in an automated commercial platform. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of this new test to identify patients suffering from GD, in comparison with two current IMA methods for total TSH receptor autoantibodies (T-TRAb) measurement.

Methods:

Sera of 383 subjects [72 patients with untreated GD, 55 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), 36 patients with multinodular non-toxic goiter, 100 patients with other non-thyroid autoimmune diseases (NTAD) and 120 healthy subjects (HS)] were evaluated.

Results:

The threshold obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.54 IU/L, very similar to that proposed by the manufacturer (0.55 IU/L). Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) were positive in all GD patients and negative in all but three controls (clinical sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.7%, respectively). Passing and Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot showed an acceptable agreement between TSI Immulite assay and other two immunoassay methods (Cobas/Elecsys, Roche and TRAK RIA, BRAHMS Thermo Scientific).

Conclusions:

The diagnostic performance of fully automated Immulite TSI assay in GD patients is at least comparable to that of current TRAb immunoassays (IMAs) suggesting the possibility of including such assay in rapid and cost-saving diagnostic and monitoring algorithms. However, our results do not provide full evidence that this assay is specific for S-TRAb only, and future studies comparing Immulite TSI assay to stimulating activity are required.
Sustainable Development Of Tourism – EU Ecolabel Standards Illustrated Using The Example Of Poland
Authors: Dziuba Radosław
Published: June 2016

Tourism, as one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the world, has an enormous impact on the achievements of the Europe 2020 growth strategy. The main factor influencing its effectiveness, based on achievement of strategy indicators, is tourist infrastructure, which is understood as hotel and restaurant facilities used by tourists coming to a particular area to meet their needs associated with passive and active tourism. To achieve the highest effectiveness in this regard, the European Union has established the scheme of Ecolabel standards, implemented in individual countries through independent certification, compliance with which means that the strategy’s assumptions can be effectively implemented. According to experts, managing a facility in compliance with Ecolabel standards today is an example of innovative hotel management. In addition to the benefits resulting from taking care of the environment, the certification also allows for a reduction of the operating costs of a facility. This paper aims at verifying – through an econometric model – research hypotheses related to the reduction in operating costs of a facility that complies with the certification standards.
Comparison Of Women’s Situation In The Labour Market In The Former GDR And Poland
Authors: Witkowska Dorota
Published: June 2016

Twenty-five years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the beginning of transition in the former socialist countries. The aim of this research is to find out how women in East Germany and Poland, which followed completely different transformation patterns, have been affected by the introduction of market reforms. As a result of the investigation we found that the situation of women in both countries has been changed after the collapse of the communist system in Europe. However, women in former German Democratic Republic, following a significant decrease in their participation in the labour market in the early transition period, went on to become even more active than their counterparts in the Western lands. At the same time, in Poland the economic activity rate of women is lower than was observed before the transformation.
Feeding, eating and behavioral disturbances in Prader-Willi syndrome and non-syndromal obesity
Authors: Sonnengrün Lilli , Schober Celestina , Vogel Mandy , Hiemisch Andreas , Döhnert Mirko , Hilbert Anja , Kiess Wieland
Published: June 2016

Background:

Although most individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are obese, little is known about the impact of obesity-related psychosocial factors in PWS. In the present study we compared feeding, eating, and behavioral disturbances in children and adolescents with PWS, peers with non-syndromal obesity, and normal weight controls.

Methods:

Twelve persons with PWS, aged 7–22 years, age- and gender-matched obese and normal weight individuals were analyzed regarding parental feeding practices, eating disturbances, and behavioral problems via standardized questionnaires.

Results:

Parents of individuals with PWS reported significantly more restrictive feeding and monitoring than did parents of obese or normal weight children without PWS (p<0.05). Social problems were more common in the obese and the PWS group than in the normal-weight group (p<0.05). Behavioral problems were significantly correlated with parental restrictive feeding practices.

Conclusions:

Our data show that children and adolescents with PWS are affected by psychosocial problems, and that restrictive feeding practices might be associated with more severe behavioral problems. Further studies in larger samples will be necessary to replicate these results and possibly provide new therapeutic approaches for the management of PWS.
Performing “authentic” bilingualism: Authenticity, novel respelling forms, and language ideology in South Korea
Authors: Choi Lee Jin
Published: June 2016

The process of globalization, along with the advent of Internet technology, has resulted in the increasing presence of written mixed-language discourses produced and used by multilinguals in online spaces (e. g. online chat, instant messaging, and online discussion boards). Despite the fact that multilingual texts have become more visible and accessible, little research has empirically examined written mixed-language discourses and their sociopragmatic values (
Chemistry of aza- and diazafulvenium methides in heterocyclic synthesis
Authors: Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: June 2016

Aza- and diazafulvenium methide systems are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyrroles and pyrazoles. These extended dipoles participate in sigmatropic [1,8]H shifts and 1,7-electrocyclizations giving vinyl pyrroles and pyrazoles. Under flash vacuum pyrolysis conditions these heterocycles undergo interesting rearrangements. Aza- and diazafulvenium methides can be intercepted by dipolarophiles. Derivatives with carboxylate groups at C-4 and/or C-5 act exclusively as 1,7-dipoles affording products resulting from the addition across the 1,7-positions. These 1,7-cycloadducts include chlorin and bacteriochlorin type macrocycles as well as steroidal analogues, compounds with relevance in medicinal chemistry. In contrast with this chemical behavior, 5-trifluoromethylazafulvenium methides can participate in both 1,7- and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The generation and reactivity of benzodiazafulvenium methides is also discussed.
Changes in moisture content and compression strength during storage of ventilated corrugated packaging used for handling apples
Authors: Pathare Pankaj B. , Berry Tarl M. , Opara Umezuruike Linus
Published: June 2016

This study investigated the effects of cold storage (−0.5∘C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of ‘MK4’ ventilated packaging used for handling pome fruit. The packages were stored over a period of 43 days. Compression strength of packages was measured by Lansmont squeezer compression testing machine on day 2, 4, 6 and 8 and then weekly over 6 weeks. The effect of storage duration on package moisture content and compression strength was also examined. Maximum compressive strength was reduced from 7351 to 3872 N after 2 days of storage. The package compressive strength decreased with an increase in moisture content. Average compression strength was observed to decrease by 618 N per one percent increase in moisture content. Pseudo first order kinetic model could satisfactorily analyse the adsorption of water by corrugated package with coefficient of determination of 0.9816 and standard error of 0.2554. Relationship between package compression strength with change in moisture during storage showed good correlation.
Nonlocal Symmetries, Explicit Solutions, and Wave Structures for the Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: Ma Zheng-Yi , Fei Jin-Xi
Published: June 2016

From the known Lax pair of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, the Lie symmetry group method is successfully applied to find exact invariant solutions for the KdV equation with nonlocal symmetries by introducing two suitable auxiliary variables. Meanwhile, based on the prolonged system, the explicit analytic interaction solutions related to the hyperbolic and Jacobi elliptic functions are derived. Figures show the physical interaction between the cnoidal waves and a solitary wave.
Medición científica entre la intervención y la representación
Authors: Macedo Mira Andreu Gilda
Published: June 2016

Se analiza la propuesta empirista de van Fraassen en torno a la medición científica considerando las objeciones hechas a las teorías representacionalistas de la medición para argumentar que la medición es un proceso complejo iterativo en el que teoría y experimentación se complementan y retroalimentan en cada etapa o fase.
Self-reported Sitting Time is Associated With Decreased Mobility in Older Adults
Authors: Yen Chi-Hua , Ku Ming-Hsiang , Wang Ching-Yi
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:

Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and can lead to poor muscle function, limited balance and transfer abilities, and mobility limitations. Sitting time can be a modifiable factor in preserving independent mobility in older adults. Assessing sitting time is an important measure for preventive medicine in older populations. The purposes of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability of older adults' reported (using a recall strategy) sitting time and to determine its association with mobility limitation.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 140 older adults aged 65 years or more from community centers were assessed for their sitting time and mobility limitation. A week later, 86 participants returned for the retest of sitting time. The test-retest reliability of the reported (recall strategy) measure of sitting time was examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and its association with mobility limitation was examined by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age.

Results:

The reported measure (recall strategy) of sitting time showed good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that sitting time was associated with mobility limitation, adjusted for age.

Discussion:

Older adults' reported (recall strategy) sitting time had good test-retest reliability (ICC(2,1) = 0.85). The reported measure (recall strategy) seems to have yielded consistent reporting. The association of prolonged sitting time with mobility limitation needs to be substantiated in a future longitudinal study to determine whether a causality relationship exists.

Conclusions:

Sitting time in older adults can be reliably measured with a reported measure (a recall strategy) over a 1-week interval. Older adults who spend more time sitting are more likely to experience mobility limitation.
Influence of Rest Interval Length Between Sets on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability After a Strength Training Session Performed By Prehypertensive Men
Authors: Figueiredo Tiago , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Miranda Humberto , Bentes Claudio M. , Machado Reis Victor , Freitas de Salles Belmiro , Simão Roberto
Published: June 2016

Figueiredo, T, Willardson, JM, Miranda, H, Bentes, CM, Machado Reis, V, Freitas de Salles, B, and Simão, R. Influence of rest interval length between sets on blood pressure and heart rate variability after a strength training session performed by prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1813–1824, 2016—The purposes of this study were to compare the effects of 2 different rest interval lengths between sets and exercises during strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in prehypertensive trained men, and to verify how HRV influences BP. Eleven volunteer subjects (age: 26.1 ± 3.6 years; body mass: 74.1 ± 7.9 kg; height: 172.1 ± 4.1 cm; % body fat: 18.3 ± 6.3; ST experience: 1.7 ± 0.8 years) participated in this study. After assessing one repetition maximum (1RM) loads for the free weight bench press, lat pull-down, shoulder press, biceps curl, triceps extension, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises; subjects performed 2 sessions with different rest intervals between sets and exercises in random order and 72 hours apart. Each ST session consisted of performing 3 sets of eight to 10 repetitions at 70% of a 1RM for each exercise, with either 1-minute (sequence 1 [SEQ1]) or 2-minute (sequence 2 [SEQ2]) rest intervals between sets and exercises, respectively. Before and after each session, BP and HRV (low frequency band, high frequency [HF] band, and square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR-interval index) were tracked for 60 minutes. The results demonstrated a postexercise hypotensive response (PEH) after both rest interval conditions (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, increases in cardiac stress were noted after SEQ1, with a greater withdrawal in parasympathetic activity vs. baseline as noted in the HF band at 1-, 10-, and 20-minute postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that both sequences provided an effective stimulus for a PEH. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe 1- or 2-minute rest between sets and exercises when the goal is to reduce BP after training sessions. However, resting 1 minute between sets and exercises was associated with greater cardiac stress, and so this may necessitate prescription of longer rest intervals between sets and exercises when working with individuals who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular dysfunction.
Dimensiones ética y estética de la evaluación
Authors: Sánchez Amaya Tomás
Published: June 2016

La evaluación en un conjunto de modelos, estilos, prácticas, discursos,etc., ha incursionado en la cotidianidad de individuos, de instituciones, deprocesos, de proyectos, de acciones; en todos estos escenarios es usadacon una pluralidad de intencionalidades, de cuyos resultados pueden generarseconsecuencias beneficiosas o perjudiciales, tanto para los sujetoscomo para las instancias que participan –activa o pasivamente– en el actode valoración. Asimismo, se predica de ella un conjunto de característicasque, allende su propia condición –de valoración– la constituyen, necesariamente,en una acción con connotaciones éticas y estéticas, dado que éstaha de ser buena, justa, bella, equitativa, objetiva […] y, en todo caso, reflejala acción y la condición humana.
Distinciones y comprensiones sobre biopolítica: una apuesta formativa para el campo social
Authors: Burgos Acosta Juan José
Published: June 2016

 Este artículo busca establecer comparaciones, distinciones y aplicaciones

sobre la categoría bioplítica de cara a los grandes desafíos que exige la

educación para un mundo en permanente tensión, no solo por los grandes

conflictos entre los pueblos, sino por la intervención descontrolada de los

recursos naturales que ha puesto al planeta en peligro de desaparecer. Los

sistemas educativos son escenarios importantes que pueden formar en

 nuevos valores que contemplen el cuidado y protección de la naturaleza

desde una biopolítica educativa eficiente, que garantice una convivencia

equilibrada con los demás organismos vivos desde una constante resis tencia

a las lógicas capitalistas globalizadas.
El maestro de filosofía: al rescate de una educación filosófica en la escuela
Authors: Rico Molano Alejandra Dalila
Published: June 2016

 Esta revisión de tema, trata sobre la pérdida de relevancia de la educación

filosófica en la escuela actual, una pérdida que se evidencia en aspectos

como, el reducido tiempo para esta disciplina, lo poco importante que

el docente presenta la filosofía, el abundante tecnicismo que se le otorga

hoy en día a la educación en la escuela y la fluidez del conocimiento que

 permea a los jóvenes de esta era. Sin embargo, con toda estas problemáticas

que hacen de la enseñanza de la filosofía un “fantasma” en la escuela,

aparece una pieza clave que puede otorgar valor a la filosofía, es el maestro

quien se convierte en el guía de un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje

de la filosofía, con el fin de comprender la necesidad de pensarla

y recrearla, no como un simple “cursillo” de historia o un conversatorio 

 de “charlatanes”; lo que se busca es poderla pensar como una educación

filosófica, en donde se resalte el verdadero valor de este saber dentro de

 la formación de los individuos y la construcción de pensamiento crítico

que consolide ideas innovadoras y objetivas para la sociedad. Es así, que

para la construcción de la educación filosófica es importante el protagonismo

del docente en un contexto en donde se carece de un pensamiento

contemplativo, que logre llevar al estudiante a la reflexión y a preguntarse

 por las cosas en sí mismas; un maestro que debe asumir el reto de aportar

pensamiento filosófico a la escuela, que se logre rescatar el sentido del

debate y la discusión real de los conceptos filosóficos, es decir consiga

 pensar y hacer pensar la filosofía como una forma de vida, en donde se

cuestiona, critica y construye un nuevo conocimiento mediante el diálogo

 y la apuesta por educar desde la filosofía y en pro de una sociedad más

consciente de su devenir y actuar en contexto.
Hermes y Sacbakal mensajeros cruzados
Authors: Morales Villegas Inírida
Published: June 2016

En este ensayo me propongo mostrar la metáfora como elemento esencial en la escritura de los pueblos indígenas renacientes, a través de la cual expresan el mundo de otra manera y diferente al enseñado en los discursos de la cultura occidental. El título en sí mismo es una metáfora en la que señalo cómo Hermes el mensajero de los dioses griegos, y Sacbakal, la paloma mensajera de los mayas, encuentran tiempos y destinos cruza dos por lo que sus mensajes se desencuentran prevaleciendo hasta hoy, especialmente en los círculos académicos, el discurso de la filosofía y de las ciencias en los cuales el tiempo es lineal y las construcciones se fundamentan en conceptos universales (o mejor universalizados por occiden te) desde los cuales se escritura y se apalabra el mundo, descalificando lógicas y otras cosmovisiones, propias de los pueblos dominados por la colonización. Parto de la lectura de la obra de Lakoff y Johnson: Metáforas de la vida cotidiana, en la que se hace una interpretación del lenguaje me tafórico, no solo como figura literaria “para el embellecimiento retórico, sino como una parte del lenguaje cotidiano que afecta el modo en que percibimos, pensamos y actuamos”. Aplico los hallazgos a la interpretación de una de las obras de Jorge Miguel Cocom Pech, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica.
Peran Vital Penelusuran Aset Guna Menentukan Besaran Pidana Tambahan Uang Pengganti Terhadap Koruptor
Authors: Arjaya Bagus Widipradnyana
Published: June 2016

Abstract: The imposition of additional criminal restitution is one distinguishing feature of corruption with other criminal offenses. In practice points verdict compensation often at variance with the prosecution, because of the inability to prove liability for compensation to be paid. Moreover, when the execution court decision found the fact that the property owned by the convicted person is not sufficient for compensation. It is necessary for traceability measures assets resulting from corruption in the possession of criminals, so that the prosecution has a strong foundation, so that the judges who examine and decide the case can be assured as well as the execution of the judgment can be up to reimburse the state, without the reverse charge state with the imposition subsidiair prison active replacement. Abstrak: Pengenaan pidana tambahan uang pengganti merupakan salah satu ciri pembeda tindak pidana korupsi dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Dalam praktiknya poin putusan uang pengganti sering kali berbeda dengan tuntutan jaksa, karena tidak dapat dibuktikannya kewajiban pembayaran uang pengganti yang harus dibayarkan. Selain itu, saat melakukan eksekusi putusan pengadilan ditemukan fakta bahwa harta yang dimiliki oleh terpidana tidak mencukupi pembayaran uang pengganti. Untuk itu diperlukantindakan penelusuran aset hasil korupsi yang berada dalam penguasaan koruptor, agar tuntutan jaksa memiliki dasar yang kuat, sehingga hakim yang memeriksa dan memutus perkara dapat teryakini serta pelaksanaan eksekusi putusan dapat maksimal mengembalikan uang negara, tanpa sebaliknya membebankan negara dengan pengenaan subsidiair penjara pengganti yang aktif. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i1.2656
The Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet in Children With Difficult-to-Manage Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Lemley Kevin V. , Faul Christian , Schramm Karla , Meyers Kevin , Kaskel Frederick , Dell Katherine M. , Gipson Debbie S. , Gibson Keisha , Trachtman Howard
Published: June 2016

Case reports have linked childhood nephrotic syndrome to food sensitivity, including gluten. We report our experience with 8 children (6 boys, 2 girls; age at implementation of special diet 2–14 years) with difficult-to-manage nephrotic syndrome who were placed on a gluten-free diet for 3.4 ± 4.3 years (range, 0.6–14 years) and who had clinical improvement enabling reduction or discontinuation in steroid dosage.
Estado actual del banco de germoplasma de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes), Guápiles, Costa Rica.
Authors: Ríos-Reyes Luis Diego , Castillo-Hernández Elena , Fuchs-Castillo Eric J.
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el estado actual del banco de germoplasma de pejibaye en la Estación Experimental Los Diamantes (BGPLD). Se cuantificaron las accesiones perdidas y se obtuvo la información faltante en las boletas pasaporte para las accesiones sobrevivientes. Los datos de pasaporte se obtuvieron en parte del diario elaborado por Jorge Mora Urpí, fundador del BGPLD en el año 1972. Para aquellas accesiones sin datos se utilizaron fuentes bibliográficas para complementar la información. Se realizó un censo en el año 2013 para determinar la cantidad de palmeras en pie. El banco estaba originalmente compuesto por 7286 palmeras representando 837 accesiones de nueve países. Se identificaron 1471 individuos pertenecientes al grupo occidental y 1271 al grupo oriental. Actualmente solo sobreviven 805 individuos (11,1%). Se observó una menor mortalidad en las palmeras del grupo occidental (62,2 ± 41,5%) que en el grupo oriental (81,5 ± 19,6%). El BGPLD se encuentra en un estado crítico de deterioro. Se deben llevar a cabo políticas concretas y urgentes para rescatar este importante recurso fitogenético.

 
Semilla original de dos cultivares de arroz cubanos: resistencia a Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Sogata).
Authors: Pérez-León Noraida De Jesús , Castro-Menduiña Rodolfo Isidro , González-Cepero María Caridad , Aguilar-Portero Manuel , García-Roque Osvaldo
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue producir semilla original de dos nuevos cultivares de arroz obtenidos en Cuba con base en la selección por su resistencia al insecto Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Sogata). El trabajo fue desarrollado en la Unidad Científico Tecnológica de Base “Los Palacios”, Cuba, durante los años 2013 y 2014. Para ello se obtuvieron las categorías de semilla original y básica, las cuales partieron de la evaluación de resistencia a T. orizicolus Muir, así como caracteres agronómicos y la selección simultánea con criterios independientes; además, se consideraron las características típicas de cada cultivar. Se identificaron 37 líneas resistentes a Tagosodes y veinte de ellas mantuvieron un comportamiento uniforme para caracteres agronómicos, las que conformaron la semilla original de cada cultivar. Se obtuvo semilla básica, de los cultivares Anays LP-14 y Roana LP-15, para entregar al sistema estatal de producción y posterior utilización extensiva en la producción nacional.
Estimación de proteína en semolina de arroz, mediante aplicación de regresiones en el infrarrojo cercano.
Authors: Centeno-Mora Oscar
Published: June 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la comparación empírica de las técnicas de regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales (MCP) y por componentes principales (RCP) en la predicción del porcentaje de proteína para la semolina de arroz. Las estimaciones se realizaron utilizando los valores de absorbancia en la zona del infrarrojo cercano. Se obtuvieron 135 muestras de semolina de arroz recolectadas entre el 2004 y 2012, procedentes de diversas fábricas para la elaboración de alimentos para animales en Costa Rica. Se validó la convergencia de los resultados mediante técnicas de simulación de Bootstrap. Las observaciones se dividieron en dos grupos: un conjunto de datos para la estimación del mejor modelo de regresión (n=120), y un conjunto de datos de validación (n=15). Para el conjunto de datos de estimación, los modelos presentaron dificultades a nivel de los valores extremos, lo cual produjo la eliminación de un valor para obtener el mejor modelo en el caso del MCP. En la validación de los modelos de regresión, los estadísticos de bondad y de ajuste del error estándar de predicción de medias (EEPM), la raíz del error estándar de predicción de medias (REEPM), el error estándar de predicción (EEP), la razón de desviación de predicción (RDP) y gráficos de valores observados contra predichos, confirmaron mejores ajustes para la regresión por MCP (EEP=0,304) respecto al RPC (EEP=0,312). El método de simulación mostró una mejor convergencia en los resultados de la regresión por MCP para predecir el porcentaje de proteína en la semolina de arroz.
Efecto de la suplementación lipídica sobre ácidos grasos en leche de vaca, énfasis en ácido ruménico.
Authors: Prieto-Manrique Esperanza , Mahecha-Ledesma Liliana , Angulo-Arizala Joaquín , Vargas-Sánchez Julio Ernesto
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre el efecto de la suplementación con lípidos sobre la concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC-c9t11) o ruménico y otros ácidos grasos insaturados en la leche bovina. Se abordó el concepto y origen del ALC-c9t11 en rumiantes. Existe una tendencia internacional en mejorar la calidad de la alimentación, lo que implica el incremento de consumo de proteína animal, dentro de lo cual están los productos lácteos saludables y ricos en ALC-c9t11, que ha mostrado efectos anticancerígenos en modelos animales. En la leche bovina ALC-c9t11, resulta del consumo de ácidos grasos insaturados y de la extensión de la biohidrogenación ruminal. La suplementación con ácidos grasos insaturados de origen vegetal permite aumentar la concentración de ALC-c9t11 y disminuir la proporción de ácidos grasos saturados en la leche, pero la respuesta varía de acuerdo con la fuente de grasa empleada, su nivel y la interacción con la dieta basal.