bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de mezcla de concreto de f’c de 280kg/cm2 con cementos adicionados y con polvo de vidrio como reemplazo parcial de cemento para la construcción de edificios multifamiliares sostenibles en la ciudad de Lima
Authors:   , Del Pino Chavez Sebastian Diego , Milachay Marin Daniela Fabiana
Published: June 2024

El objetivo del trabajo realizado es diseñar y ensayar 12 mezclas de concreto ecológico con polvo de vidrio reciclado (Ø75µm) como reemplazo parcial de material cementante para un concreto de resistencia a la compresión de 280kg/cm2. Los 12 diseños de mezclas presentadas en la esta investigación están diseñados con dos tipos de cementos adicionados (cemento puzolánico y cemento con filler calizo); con dos tipos de aditivos (reductor de agua y superplastificante); con porcentajes de 10%, 15% y 25% de reemplazo de material cementante con polvo de vidrio; y tres relaciones a/mc de 0.60, 0.55 y 0.50; con el fin de poder estudiar y comparar las características físicas y mecánicas del concreto. De la misma manera, se planteó un análisis de emisiones de dióxido de carbono a través de 2 enfoques para poder determinar la mezcla más eficiente en términos de resistencia y emisiones.
Not-So-Freeway: Informal Highway Taxation and Armed Groups in North-East India
Authors: Thakur Shalaka
Published: June 2024

What are the implications of non-state armed group taxation on the business environment and conflict dynamics? Various non-state armed groups collect ‘tax’ along arterial roads in north-east India – of different types and amounts, with varying degrees of coercion and systematisation. Based on extensive fieldwork, including 100 interviews with non-state armed groups, businesspeople and state actors, we use the lens of the transit economy in the Indian state of Manipur along the Indo-Myanmar border to identify the long-term effects of non-state armed group taxation.
Technology Evolution and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Rwanda
Authors: Hakizimana Naphtal , Santoro, Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

Data on economic transactions is crucial for tax administrations to be able to enforce tax compliance, and technology can be key to obtaining information. In the last decade, African tax administrations have increasingly adopted technological advances such as integrated systems, electronic filing, and electronic billing machines (EBMs). EBMs allow taxpayers to digitise their transactions and transfer billing information automatically to the revenue authority. They have high potential, as they allow firms to lower their administrative and compliance costs, streamline transactions, improve record-keeping, strengthen their administrative capacity and, in the case of small businesses, improve their ability to attract clients and engage in trade thanks to improved accuracy and transparency. Rwanda is one of Africa’s fastest growing and most technology-oriented countries. The government is highly reliant on technology to improve tax revenues. In 2013, the Rwandan Revenue Authority (RRA) introduced EBMs through a machine called EBM1. This used a SIM card, through which VAT-registered taxpayers transmitted sale transaction data to the RRA in real time. Like any technology, there were practical challenges, such as the cost of acquiring and maintaining the machine, limitations in storing information and lack of remote support. As a result, an improved, free, software version called EBM2 was rolled out in 2017 and is still in use. This can digitise and store receipts, capture core business information like inventory and type of items sold, automatically validate buyers’ identity and provide support online. This paper evaluates the impact of the implementation of EBM2 on VAT and income tax compliance. Thanks to a collaboration with the RRA, we looked at around 60,000 EBM users’ monthly/quarterly VAT and annual income tax returns from 2013 to 2020. We focus specifically on two groups: those who had previously used EBM1 and shifted to EBM2 (shifters), and those who only adopted EBM2 (new users). Taking advantage of the fact that EBM2 adoption happened over time, we conduct a difference-difference strategy to estimate the impact of EBM2 on key outcomes for both VAT and income tax, including the discrepancy in reported turnover between the two tax heads. Please note: This is a revised version of RiB99: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/18228
Tax Revenue in Emerging Markets and Developing Countries: Does Digital Finance Matter?
Authors: Azoa Balengla Tania M. , Keneck Massil Joseph , Noah Alphonse , Nomo Belaya Bernard C.
Published: June 2024

The context of multiple crises in recent times, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the rising number of severe climate-related events, has once again emphasised the pressing need for emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs) to expand their fiscal capacities. Identifying new tax revenue drivers is now a key concern for many governments and researchers worldwide. Digital financial services like mobile money services have emerged as a transformative force shaping the financial inclusion landscape in the developing world, allowing people and firms previously excluded from the traditional banking sector to access basic financial services. From its initial focus on domestic person-to person transfers, the mobile money services industry has diversified its product range considerably. The industry now offers a range of mobile solutions for bill payments, merchant payments, person-to-government transfers or international remittances, thereby facilitating the completion of daily transactions for individuals and businesses. Given this context, this paper aims to explore the potential impact of the rapid expansion of mobile money services on non-resource tax revenues in EMDCs. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 194.
Lessons from the Refugee Response in Eastern Chad Since 2003
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: June 2024

This rapid evidence review finds that there has been little progress on increasing refugee self-reliance in east Chad, but there is evidence on the barriers to and likely drivers of greater self-reliance. Lessons from protection efforts focus on the need to adequately address the range of protection threats and the structural drivers of insecurity, and agreement between Chadian and outside security actors. The review focuses on refugees from Sudan in Eastern Chad since 2003, and excludes internally displaced persons, or refugees in other parts of Chad. The review finds that the key factors behind this include the weak economic situation and lack of infrastructure and services in the region. While the government has largely integrated refugees into national systems, the lack of available services reduces the efficacy of the reform. The decline of humanitarian funding combined with a lack of funding for development actors means that integration efforts have not been supported or coordinated sufficiently.
Mapping of Donor Activity on Migration in LAC
Authors: Avis William Robert
Published: June 2024

This rapid evidence review examines donor activity on migration in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), offering a broad overview of initiatives and strategies. It outlines interagency and regional coordination mechanisms, donor strategies, whilst also recognising centres of research and policy excellence to support the production of effective policy solutions for migration challenges. Conclusions highlight the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing migration issues.
The Environmental Impacts of Illicit Drug Production
Authors: Cheeseman Kathryn
Published: June 2024

This rapid evidence review compiles findings on the environmental impacts of illicit drug production, focusing on water and soil pollution, ecosystem health, land use change, and waste management. It highlights the complexity of the issue, with significant gaps in understanding the long-term effects on ecosystems. The review also examines how prohibitionary drug policies may exacerbate environmental harm. Key findings include distinct regional patterns of drug use, complex relationships between land use change and drug production, and the persistence of biologically active compounds in water systems. Limited data and lack of cross-agency collaboration present challenges in addressing these issues effectively.
Microbioma ruminal y respuesta productiva de borregos alimentados con harina de caparazón de camarón
Authors: Ley-de Coss Alejandro , Morales Aguilar Jonathan , Montañez-Valdez Oziel Dante , Vicente Pérez Ricardo , Guerra-Medina Cándido Enrique
Published: June 2024

The fishing industry produces byproducts that accumulate and cause environmental pollution problems; however, could be used as an alternative source of nutrients in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response over ruminal microbiome, apparent digestibility and productivity of Katahdin lambs fed different levels of shrimp shell meal (HCC). Four male lambs with live weight of 22 ± 2.5 kg were assigned in a repeated Latin square design (4 animals x 4 treatments). The animals were assigned for 16 days per period to diets with 0, 5, 10 and 20 g 100 g DM of HCC, the treatments were: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 and HCC20, respectively. The greatest daily weight gain was found in the HCC5 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). However, the highest dry matter intake was observed in animals with the HCC20 diet (P ≤ 0.05). In the apparent digestibility of the dry matter there was no difference between treatments (P > 0.05), neither in the concentration of total bacteria (P > 0.05), while the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria and chitin-degrading bacteria was higher in the animals from HCC20 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate an adaptation of the ruminal microbiome to high doses of HCC, therefore, HCC can be used in diets for sheep without effect on rumen metabolism and microbial, nutrient digestibility and animal performance.
Geographic accessibility to the first level of care for the elderly in an intermediate city in Argentina
Authors:   Universidad  Nacional del Sur,  Argentina., Briatore Helena , Elorza Maria Eugenia ,   Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina.,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina., Estrada Maria Emilia ,   Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina.
Published: June 2024

El trabajo busca evaluar la accesibilidad geográfica a los médicos de cabecera por parte de las personas mayores en la Argentina afiliados alInstituto Nacional de ServiciosSociales para Jubilados y Pensionados(INSSJyP) en una ciudad intermedia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Bahía Blanca). Se calcularon medidas de accesibilidad geográfica entre afiliados y médicos, y, áreas de cobertura. Losafiliados se encuentran, en promedio, a 1000 metros del médico de cabecera más cercano y se evidencian áreas en las cuales los afiliados quedan muy alejados de la oferta. Asimismo, la distancia promedio al médico más próximo es mayor para los afiliados que viven en radios censales de menor nivel socioeconómico.
¿Hacia la municipalización de la cuestión migratoria en la provincia de Buenos Aires?
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Nicolao Julieta ,   Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina.
Published: June 2024

El artículo analiza el diseño e implementación de políticas migratorias locales en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante 2019-2023. Se interroga sobre cuáles son los municipios que avanzan en este campo de actuación,las características de sus intervenciones, y los condicionantes que afectan las distintas modalidades con que incorporan y dan tratamiento al tema en sus agendas. La originalidad de la contribución radica en atender unatemáticade escaso desarrollo relativo en el campo de los estudios sobre movilidad humana,como es el de las políticas migratoriasde nivel subnacional; y en proporcionar un marco analítico para avanzar en futuros estudios comparativos intermunicipales sobre tales políticas.
Assessment of the Impact of Home-Based Hospitalization on Health Outcomes: An Observational Study
Authors: Correia Azevedo Pedro , Rei Cátia , Grande Rui , Saraiva Mariana , Guede-Fernández Federico , Oliosi Eduarda , Londral Ana
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In Portugal, evidence of clinical outcomes within home-based hospitalization programs remains limited. Despite the adoption of homebased hospitalization services, it is still unclear whether these services represent an effective way to manage patients compared with inpatient hospital care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of home-based hospitalization compared with conventional hospitalization in a group of patients with a primary diagnosis of infectious, cardiovascular, oncological, or ‘other’ diseases.Methods: An observational retrospective study using anonymized administrative data to investigate the outcomes of home-based hospitalization (n = 209) and conventional hospitalization (n = 192) for 401 Portuguese patients admitted to CUF hospitals (Tejo, Cascais, Sintra, Descobertas, and the Unidade de Hospitalização Domiciliária CUF Lisboa). Data on demographics and clinical outcomes, including Barthel index, Braden scale, Morse scale, mortality, and length of hospital stay, were collected. The statistical analysis included comparison tests and logistic regression.Results: The study found no statistically significant differences between patients’ admission and discharge for the Barthel index, Braden scale, and Morse scale scores, for both conventional and home-based hospitalizations. In addition, no statistically significant differences were found in the length of stay between conventional and home-based hospitalization, although patients diagnosed with infectious diseases had a longer stay than patients with other conditions. Although the mortality rate was higher in home-based hospitalization compared to conventional hospitalization, the mortality risk index (higher in home-based hospitalization) assessed at admission was a more important predictor of death than the type of hospitalization.Conclusion: The study found that there were no significant differences in outcomes between conventional and home-based hospitalization. Home-based hospitalization was found to be a valuable aspect of patient- and family-centered care. However, it is noteworthy that patients with infectious diseases experienced longer hospital stays.
Contributions for the Validation of the European Portuguese Version of the Vascular Quality of Life-6 Questionnaire for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Oliveira Rafaela , Pedras Susana , Pimenta Rui , Silva Ivone
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the arteries of the extremities of the body that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. The most common symptom is intermittent claudication, described as leg pain which occurs mainly while walking. The symptoms impair the ambulation and functional capacity of patients, leading to loss of mobility, disease deterioration, increased risk of other cardiovasculardiseases, and lower quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the VascuQol-6 questionnaire for the Portuguese population to obtain a quick, sensitive, and easy-to-use way to assess the QoL of Portuguese patients diagnosed with PAD.Methods: The Vascular Quality of Life-6 Questionnaire (VascuQoL-6) was adapted and translated into European Portuguese using standard validation methodology, including 115 patients with a mean age of 64.67 (7.23) years, with PAD with IC stable for more than three months; and ABI < 0.9 at rest. VascuQoL-6, SF-36, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the PAD Knowledge Questionnaire (PADKQ) were used. Reliability, construct validity analysis through convergent and discriminant validity, known-group validity, and responsiveness analysis were tested.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.64 and the average inter-item correlation was 0.27, indicating acceptable internal consistency. VascuQoL-6 was positively associated with SF-36 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores (r = 0.64, p < 0.01 and r = 0.42, p < 0.01, respectively). In turn, there was no significant correlation between VascuQoL-6 scores and the PADKQ or IPAQ. A statistically significant difference between groups according to IC severity [F(2.47) = 8.35, p < 0.001] was found. A paired samples t-test showed differences between VascuQol-6 scores before a walking program (M = 15.65, SD = 3.09), and after a walking program (M = 17.41, SD = 2.71), t(67) = 3.94, p ≤ 0.001.Conclusion: The VascuQoL-6 is a six-item instrument to assess the QoL associated with PAD with good psychometric properties, convergent and discriminant validity with SF-36, PADKQ and IPAQ. The instrument proved to have known group validity and responsiveness.
THE OCCURRENCE OF CONTRACTURE AND THE SEVERITY OF BURN INJURIES AMONG BURN PATIENTS TREATED AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA (2020-20220)
Authors: Hamiseno Gifta Marshanda Qanitah , Saputro Iswinarno Doso , Indramaya Diah Mira , Zarasade Lobredia
Published: June 2024

Highlights:

A robust association was observed between total body surface area (TBSA) and burn injuries, except in the case of elderly individuals.
The duration of hospitalization is significantly associated with the occurrence of contracture.

Abstract:
Introduction: Burn injuries are a worldwide issue and can happen for many reasons, often causing skin damage that leads to deformities and movement difficulties. Many burn patients, up to 50%, experience contractures, which limit movement in areas such as the shoulders, wrists, and torso. Proper management through medicine, surgery, and therapy is crucial for helping these patients. Research at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital is focused on studying the frequency of contractures after burn injuries to improve treatment and prevention methods.
Methods: The research used descriptive analytics and gathered data from the Burn Unit at Gedung Bedah Pusat Terpadu (GBPT) and the Plastic Surgery Polyclinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya. The study examined 40 eligible patients and assessed variables including burn severity, affected body area, and hospitalization duration.
Results: The results showed that the average age of patients was 26.30 years, with 70% of them being male. Only 5% of patients had other health problems, mainly related to hormones. Most burns were caused by fire (37.5%), and many were second-degree burns (42.5%). The percentage of the body affected by burns varied by age: children had around 9.86%, adolescents had around 15.96%, and adults had around 5.25%. Most injuries were on the left arm (67.5%), and many patients stayed in the hospital for a long time (67.5%).
Conclusion: All patients developed contractures following burns, irrespective of burn severity. There was a correlation between burn size and severity, except among older patients. Additionally, a notable association was observed between contracture occurrence and prolonged hospitalization.
A CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW: MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR RADIATION-INDUCED ULCERS OF THE CHEST
Authors: Kristine Elizabeth , Pribadi Sweety , Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari
Published: June 2024

Highlights:

Radiotherapy leads to a high occurrence of skin alterations and can advance to different levels of tissue damage, presenting challenges in treatment.
Management can be effective employing diverse wound treatment methods, although severe cases may necessitate surgical intervention.
Surgery takes into several key considerations to increase chances of success and tackle specific issues of chest wall instability and breast reconstruction.

Abstract:
Introduction: Radiotherapy as an adjunct to cancer treatment causes a high incidence of radiation-induced tissue injury, ranging from radiation dermatitis to severe osteoradionecrosis. Currently, no gold standard exists in the management of radiation injury. Various strategies ranging from modern wound treatment to surgical management have been studied.
Case Illustration: Three women presented with varying degrees of ulceration in the chest during or shortly following radiotherapy. Each case followed different approaches to management. One case solely received wound treatment, another received wound treatment and a sequestrectomy, and the third required surgical reconstruction of the chest wall and defect.
Discussion: Methods of wound treatment range from topical agents, barrier films and dressings, hydrogel and hydrocolloid dressings, miscellaneous treatments, and biodressings. Surgery is required in severe cases, particularly with osteoradionecrosis. This may include wound debridement, biopsy, chest wall stabilization, closure using various flaps, and potential breast reconstruction.
Conclusion: Radiation-induced ulcers of the chest pose a complex issue. Understanding effective treatment methods and key surgical principles is important for ensuring better outcomes. Further studies are needed to provide a complete guide to treatment.
A CASE REPORT: EARLOBE RECONSTRUCTION ON CONGENITAL AURICULAR LOBE DEFECT USING Z-PLASTY
Authors: Amatullah Nida’ Fahima , Iswinarno Doso Saputro
Published: June 2024

Highlights:

Congenital ear defects typically result from growth failures during the fifth to ninth weeks of gestation or from mechanical stress during this period.
Auricular lobuloplasty using the Z-plasty flap technique effectively addresses earlobe defects, resulting in optimal aesthetic outcomes with no keloid formation, minimal scarring, and no complications.

Abstract:
Introduction: Earlobe defects, often due to embryonal growth failure or injury, can affect aesthetics and social interactions despite not impacting hearing. Earlobe defect  can be formed either from birth as congenital defect or secondary manifestation of other causes such as tumor and external factor such as earring usage or trauma. This study aimed to address these issues by performing auricular lobuloplasty using a Z-plasty flap technique. The procedure, crucial for protecting the auditory canal and facilitating eyeglass use, was successful in achieving the desired aesthetic outcome. Data on microtia prevalence, particularly in Indonesia, highlights the need for such reconstructive surgeries.
Case Illustration: A 9-year-old boy underwent auricular lobuloplasty to correct a cleft earlobe deformity, which caused social discomfort. The surgery, performed under general anesthesia, utilized a Z-plasty technique to lengthen and reorient the scar. Postoperative care included wound dressing changes and oral pain medication. After two weeks, satisfactory results were observed with no reported complications.
Discussion: The study on congenital ear deformities focuses on Z-plasty for earlobe reconstruction, detailing classifications, surgical techniques, and case results. The surgery was successful with minimal scarring and no keloid formation. Using Weerda's classification, the technique showed minimal scarring and no keloid formation. The approach, emphasizing proper skin envelope and alignment with Langer lines, offers effective aesthetic restoration, making it a valuable reference for future earlobe reconstruction cases.
Conclusion: Utilizing Z-plasty for earlobe defect reconstruction aids in improving the earlobe's appearance with minimal to no complications.
Cardiomyocyte senescence and the potential therapeutic role of senolytics in the heart
Authors: Zhai Peiyong , Sadoshima Junichi
Published: June 2024

Cellular senescence in cardiomyocytes, characterized by cell cycle arrest, resistance to apoptosis, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, occurs during aging and in response to various stresses, such as hypoxia/reoxygenation, ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction (MI), pressure overload, doxorubicin treatment, angiotensin II, diabetes, and thoracic irradiation. Senescence in the heart has both beneficial and detrimental effects. Premature senescence of myofibroblasts has salutary effects during MI and pressure overload. On the other hand, persistent activation of senescence in cardiomyocytes precipitates cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling through paracrine mechanisms during MI, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, aging, and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Given the adverse roles of senescence in many conditions, specific removal of senescent cells, i.e., senolysis, is of great interest. Senolysis can be achieved using senolytic drugs (such as Navitoclax, Dasatinib, and Quercetin), pharmacogenetic approaches (including INK-ATTAC and AP20187, p16-3MR and Ganciclovir, p16 ablation, and p16-LOX-ATTAC and Cre), and immunogenetic interventions (CAR T cells or senolytic vaccination). In order to enhance the specificity and decrease the off-target effects of senolytic approaches, investigation into the mechanisms through which cardiomyocytes develop and/or maintain the senescent state is needed.
On territorial border markers of the settlement of Russians of the Middle Tom River region in the beginning of the 18th — mid 20th centuries
Authors: Tikhonov S.S.
Published: June 2024

The concept of studying of ethnographic and archaeological complexes (EAC) involves the analysis of their individual components: population, villages, communication routes and others, including borders — both external and internal. The analysis of archaeological, historical, and ethnographic literature has shown that borders or borderlands can be traced in almost all populations at any stage of their development. However, while the borders between large associations, like states or ethnic groups with different cultures, have been addressed by experts, almost no attention is being given to local boundaries between smaller collectives, although there are written, cartographic and oral sources that can be used as a basis for such research. After considering the materials of various origins concerning the native villages of the Middle Tom region, it became possible to discuss the bounda-ries between them, and the boundaries of the administrative entities which encompassed them in the 18th century. At this time, residents of villages located 15–30 km north of the Kuznetsk fortress were moving to new unoccupied lands in the upper reaches of the river Inia and its upper tributaries, as well as to the left bank of Tom below the mouth of the Mungat River. According to the drawings of S.U. Remezov, there was a boundary between the Tomsk and Kuznetsk districts. The borderline rivers could be Unga-Promyshlennaya in the north and Osipovo-Mungat in the south. Possibly, there were small settlements of Tulbers. After the middle of the 19th century, an-other process of settlement of the Tom riverbank territories of its both sides began. By the 1930s, all its banks were inhabited, and the reserve of free lands came to end. Indigenous people began developing islands on the river or starting settlements within 15–20 km from the village. In the second third of the 20th century, new villages were developing in the remote territories away from Tom. Almost all of them were abandoned in the second half of the 20th century. The available information suggests that there were borderlands between the villages within single districts. Most often these were represented by watercourses — small rivers and streams, ridges — elon-gated hills located perpendicular to terraces, and sometimes lakes. These borders were well known to locals. It cannot be ruled out that river rapids and shoals could also have been used as borders. The analysis of the corre-lation of locations of the villages, river rifts and stretches suggests that, in the studied area of Tom, villages were located on the river stretches between the shoals. There is also information about the existence of boundaries between minor objects, though they require further research.
Collective fishing with representatives of indigenous peoples of the North as a legalization of fishing for non-indigenous rural residents in the Primorsky Krai
Authors: Stalinov G.A. , Solonenko E.A.
Published: June 2024

Rural population who lives in the same natural and cultural landscape, and sometimes within the same vil-lage, are differentiated in their rights to access natural resources. People classified as indigenous population of the North, Siberia and the Far East (KMNS), unlike officially non-indigenous population, receive legal access to various biological resources. Positive discrimination of particular groups, for various reasons attributed to ‘more’ indigenous, has been causing controversy among anthropologists and sociologists for several decades, espe-cially regarding the situation of non-indigenous residents of multi-ethnic rural areas who do not have the right of access to natural resources, while living in the same environment. In Russia, this problem is specifically relevant for the coastal regions of the Far East, where fish and salmon roe have been historically the most important re-source of self-sustainment for both indigenous residents and resettlers. Using the example of one of the coastal areas of Primorsky Krai, where representatives of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples live alongside each other, we show how unequal distribution of rights to extract natural resources affects communication between them. Based on semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observations collected during the field research, we have found that individual salmon fishing quotas are becoming a way to partially legalize informal fishing. Villagers go out fishing with their fellow villagers, and in case of the appearance of law enforcement agen-cies, fishermen from among KMNS take full responsibility for the catch and fishing gear on themselves. Regard-less of nationality, rural residents consider it unfair that non-indigenous peoples, who live in the same natural and climatic conditions, and have similar to KMNS economy, have no rights to catch salmonids. Thus, against the background of allocation of quotas for salmonid catching only to indigenous fishermen, new practices of reproduc-tion of solidarity and reciprocity are emerging in multiethnic rural communities.
Ethnic specifics in birth rates in Kazakhstan in the middle of the 20th century
Authors: Aubakirova Zh.S. , Makhmetova N.A. , Ualieva S.K. , Omyrzak T.E. , Alekseenko A.N.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic variations in population fertility in the 1950–1960s, formed in the context of socio-economic development of Kazakhstan. The 1959, 1970, 1989 population censuses, and sta-tistical almanacks “National Economy of Kazakhstan” became the source base of this research. The theory of modernization, interpreted as the transition from traditional to modern society and reflecting the details of ethni-cally differentiated process of demographic development of Kazakhstan in the mid-20th century provided the methodological basis of the research. Ethnic differentiation within the settlement system and socio-economic ac-tivities that developed in Kazakhstan in the 1950–1960s led to ethnically distinct birth rates among Kazakhs and Russians. The demographic potential acquired by Kazakhs in the middle of the 20th century became the demo-graphic basis of sovereign Kazakhstan.
Ornamented stirrup from the elite early Medieval burial at Balyk-Sook (Central Altai)
Authors: Kubarev G.V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents an ornamented iron stirrup from a rich and noble early Medieval burial in the Balyk-Sook area in the central part of the Russian Altai. This burial is unique not only for South Siberia, but also for neighbor-ring regions, as within it, with the warrior, four horses and protective armour were found. During the course of restoration work, it was established that the arcs and the plate loop of the stirrup were originally gilded and en-graved with complex floral ornamentation, the stirrup foot was decorated with gold wire inlay in the form of floral curls. This is the first find of such type in Altai. The burial containing the stirrup was radiocarbon dated to the sec-ond half of the 7th — third quarter of the 8th c. The author provides a wide range of similarities among the “status” or “ceremonial” stirrups from funerary and memorial sites of nomadic nobility, including the Kagans from South Siberia, Central Asia, and Eastern and Central Europe, including the such sites of Kagan status as Shoroon Bumbagar in Central Mongolia and Yeleke sazy in Eastern Kazakhstan, Uibat and Tashebinsk Chaatases in the Minusinsk Basin, the Pereshchepinsk hoard and the Voznesenka memorial complex in Eastern Europe, rich Avar burials in Central Europe, and others. Massive and high stirrups with a plate loop were specifically considered during the Medieval period as “status” stirrups, and in some cases they were additionally decorated with orna-mentation. They could be cast in gold or silver, covered with gold or silver leaf, decorated with complex ornamen-tation in various techniques, or decorated with shaped cuts in the stirrup foot. While Avar stirrups, based on Byzan-tine coins in burials, are dated to the late 6th — early 7th c., radiocarbon dating and analogies show that Central Asian stirrups belong to a later period — second half of the 7th — 8th c., and in some cases to the 9th c. Highly ornamented stirrups from the monuments of South Siberia and Central Asia were probably made on order by Chinese masters for the Turkic-speaking nobility, or may have been received as diplomatic gifts from Tang China.
How Extensively do Teachers Train Students' Metacognition Abilities in Physics Learning in High School?
Authors: Alpindo Okta , Istiyono Edi , Widihastuti Widihastuti
Published: June 2024

Metacognition refers to the capacity to comprehend and regulate one's own cognitive processes. By cultivating students' metacognitive skills in physics education, they will acquire the ability to understand and govern their own thinking. This, in turn, will enhance the effectiveness of physics instruction by fostering student engagement and enabling them to rectify their own errors. However, previous studies have revealed a scarcity of physics teachers who integrate metacognitive training into their teaching practices. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the extent to which high school physics teachers in the Riau Islands Province engage in metacognitive training for their students. Employing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, data was collected through interviews conducted with physics teachers from local high schools. This study's participants are physics teachers in the Kepulauan Riau Province. There are a total of 25 physics teachers participating in the study. The sampling technique employed in this research is purposive sampling. During these interviews, the researchers posed open-ended questions to elicit insights into physics teachers' experiences with the cultivation of metacognitive skills in their students during physics lessons. According to the study's findings, physics teachers in the Riau Islands Province are indeed training their students in indicators of metacognitive abilities. However, we observed that some teachers remain unaware that the exercises they assign inherently serve as indicators of metacognitive skills. This lack of awareness is attributed to a deficient understanding among teachers regarding the nature of metacognition.
Enterprise Risk Management pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (Studi Kasus di STMA Trisakti)
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial Sidik , Wahyuari Wahyuari , Julianto Heppy
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan manajemen risiko pada perguruan tinggi di Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Asuransi Trisakti. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian eksploratif, karena tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami permasalahan manajemen risiko pada STMA Trisakti. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara dan barinstorming dengan ketua program studi, kepala bagian, dan Kepala Pusat, juga dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu jumlah mahasiswa, jumlah, dosen, dan data lainnya. Tahapan analisis dilakukan melalui identifikasi risiko, penilaian dan evaluasi risiko, perencanaan mitigasi risiko dan analisis serta interpretasi data. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi risiko, terdapat 7 risiko inherent yang bisa berdampak signifikan terhadap sustainability STMA Trisakti. Berdasarkan risk profile dari ketujuh identifikasi risiko, risiko 1 dan 6 berdampak kualitatif terhadap penurunan peringkat akreditasi, risiko 2, 3 dan 7 berdampak terhadap tidak tercapainya sasaran kinerja, risiko 4 dan 5 dapat berdampak terhadap penurunan klasterisasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi. Dampak kuantitatif Risiko 1, 2, 3 dan 6 berdampak terhadap kerugian institusi, risiko 4, 5 dan 7 berdampak terhadap rendahnya penyerapan anggaran (cost center). Beberapa risiko memerlukan penangan dalam waktu yang tidak singkat seperti risiko 2, 4 dan 7 dapat mengakibatkan risiko residual tidak sesuai dengan target risiko yang diharapkan (risk appetite), sehingga diperlukan penanganan risiko secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yaitu identifikasi risiko tidak dilakukan secara mendalam pada semua unit kerja. Penelitian mendatang diharapkan agar identifikasi risiko dilakukan pada semua unit kerja di Perguruan Tinggi, sehingga risiko yang ada dapat segera dimitigasi dan dilakukan perbaikan segera.
 

Kata Kunci:   Enterprise Risk Management, Perguruan Tinggi
Patterns of Nanoporous Spherical Packing Emerging under Influence of Curvature and Confinement
Authors: Muhammad Javed Iqbal  , Inayatullah Soomro  , Usama Gulzar
Published: June 2024

Nanoporous membranes are popular in nanotechnology due to biomedical and industrial applications. During the past decade, experimental, theoretical and computational research into porous membranes and soft materials has opened up new mathematical dimensions. In bulk, diblock copolymers exhibit ordered morphologies such as parallel matrices of lamellae, bicontinuous matrices of gyroids, hexagonal matrices of cylinders and body-centred cubic matrices of spheres. In melt, confinement plays an essential role in tuning the frustration of the diblock copolymer system to predict more nanostructures. These nanostructures depend on the composition of the copolymers, their confining geometries and the degree of structural frustration. An isotropic 9-point stencil for Laplacian is constructed. The discrete finite-difference technique is used in polar grids to discretize the macromolecule of the diblock copolymer system to study spherical patterns to study the effect of curvature and confinement with a well-known and efficient cell dynamic simulation model. Intel FORTRAN (IFORT) codes are generated to run the CDS model and visualisation of simulation results is observed with the help of OPENDX. A comparison of the proposed study with existing experimental and computational studies is also presented.
Homotopy Perturbation Method with Analytics for solving Bivariate type II Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations
Authors: Sajid Hussain  , Shafqat Ali  , Abdul Salam  , Abid Khan  , Jamshaidul Hassan  , Hurria Ali
Published: June 2024

A numerical scheme known as homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is a powerful tool for solving a wide range of problems arising in several scientific applications. In this manuscript, we focus on bivariate type II fuzzy fredholm integral equations (BTII-FF-IEqs) to obtain fuzzy approximate solutions using HPM. The efficiency and effectiveness of the approach is tested upon numerical example and the obtained numerical results are compared with the existing exact solutions. The results reveal that the proposed method is straightforward, accurate and convenient.
Polymorphism of Cyt-b Gene in Several Indonesian Cattle Using PCR-RFLP Method
Authors: Agung Paskah Partogi , Perwitasari Dyah , Farajallah Achmad , Said Syahruddin , Kaiin Ekayanti Mulyawati , Saputra Ferdy , Hermansyah Alfandy , Kuswati Kuswati , Susilorini Tri Eko , Zein Moch. Syamsul Arifin
Published: June 2024

The cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene is one of the genes that is located in the mitochondrial DNA. Variations in the Cyt-b gene can be used to compare different animal species to investigate the origin of certain animal species. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of Indonesian local cattle breeds, including Bali cattle as an Indonesian native cattle breed and Banteng as the wild type of Bali cattle, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A total of 336 individual DNA samples from Indonesian cattle breeds were analyzed in this study. The RFLP method using three restriction enzymes, i.e., HinfI, HaeIII, or XbaI, was used to identify the variation of the Cyt-b gene. The Cyt-b gene was polymorphic based on the PCR-RFLP method. There were six alleles of the Cyt-b gene found in this study, i.e., A and B allele (HinfI), C and D allele (HaeIII), X and Y allele (XbaI). All alleles can be found in Pasundan, Madura, and PO cattle. Pesisir cattle have the highest allele frequency D. The UPGMA results showed three clusters of Indonesian native cattle in this study. Cluster 1 consists of Pasundan, Banteng, and Bali cattle. Cluster 2 consists of Madura, PO, and SO cattle. Pesisir was separated from other cattle in cluster 3. The X allele could become an indicator to distinguish Banteng and Bali cattle.
Supplementation of Sakura Block Plus in Beef Cattle Fed with Palm Fronds and Its Effect on Nutrient Digestibility
Authors: Jarmuji Jarmuji , Badarina Irma , Warly Lili
Published: June 2024

Sakura Block Plus is a modification of Sakura Block, incorporating 6% earthworms and palm kernel cake as substitutes for corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of Sakura Block Plus in palm frond feed on the nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. The research design employed a Latin Square Design (LSD) with treatments P0 (10% Sakura Block Plus), P1 (8% Sakura Block Plus), P2 (10% Sakura Block Plus), and P3 (12% Sakura Block Plus).  Four male beef cattle, 18 months old, weighing approximately ± 110 kg, were utilized throughout four treatment periods, each lasting 15 days. The results of the study indicated a significant improvement in the 12% Sakura Block Plus treatment concerning the digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose. In conclusion, the supplementation of Sakura Block Plus at the 12% level in palm frond feed resulted in the most optimal nutrient digestibility.
Food Hygiene-Sanitation Labels: Is It Important? Analysis of Consumer Attention and Perception Across Age, Gender, Education and Income Groups
Authors: Wibowo Candra Pungki , Syahlani, Ph.D. Suci Paramitasari , Haryadi Fransiskus Trisakti
Published: June 2024

The suitability of a product's perceived value to consumers’ needs determines the success of offerings. Food safety labels as product attributes have not yet become a concern for most consumers. This research analyzed consumer attention to NKV certification and perceptions of choosing NKV-certified livestock food products regarding demographic profiles. This research was conducted using a survey and data collection was carried out online via social media between June and August 2023. Respondents were determined using a purposive sampling method with the criteria that they had ever shopped for processed livestock products in the last month and were over 18 years old. A total of 210 data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and non-parametric Chi-Square. The results showed that behavior regarding NKV certification is positively related to age, education level, and income variables but not to gender. Further analysis showed that the perception of purchasing NKV products is wise and a first choice is greater in groups with older age and higher education levels. Furthermore, the perception of this purchase has the potential to occur in the group of respondents with an income of at least IDR 1,500,000. Furthermore, NKV has not been considered by all respondents, only 14.28% of respondents thought NKV was an important attribute. This study concluded that demographic variables such as age, education level, and income should be deliberated in profiling the market segment for NKV-certified livestock food products. Behavior to purchase NKV products increases in older age groups, higher levels of education, and income.
Pembelajaran Seni Tari untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa SD Negeri 2 Padi
Authors: Febiyanti Puspitaningrum  , Sugiyono
Published: June 2024

Dance is a form of performing art that involves human body movements that are choreographed to convey certain expressions, stories, feelings or messages to the audience. Dance learning is an educational process that aims to teach students about dance, both traditional dance and modern dance. The implementation method consists of several stages, namely the observation and coordination stage of implementation, determination of themes and types of activities, training and documentation stages. The location of this research is SDN 2 Padi located in Watulumbung Hamlet, Padi Village, Tulakan District, Pacitan Regency. Dance learning is an educational process that aims to teach students about dance, both traditional dance and modern dance. The implementation method consists of several stages, namely the observation and coordination stage of implementation, determination of themes and types of activities, training and documentation stages. The location of this research is SDN 2 Padi located in Watulumbung Hamlet, Padi Village, Tulakan District, Pacitan Regency. Dance learning will be held from September 21 to October 23, 2023 with 2-3 meetings a week. There were 17 dance learning participants consisting of 15 women and 2 men from classes IV, V and VI. The results of dance learning include students gaining experience, being able to improve students' skills, fostering self-confidence, and being able to channel their interests and talents in the arts, especially dance
Peningkatan Kualitas Calistung melalui Permainan di Sekolah Dasar di Kelurahan Mangli
Authors: Ahmad Fadli  , Yuli S  , Lathifah Cahyani P3  , Septianing Tyas K  , Abdul Malik K.A  , M. Zamroni
Published: June 2024

Literacy is literacy, namely the ability to write and read. In the Mangli sub-district there are several problems found, one of which is in elementary schools where the literacy and numeracy levels of students are still low. The form of service carried out by students in the field of education in the Mangli sub-district is by carrying out the calistung program through interesting learning in the form of word order games and multiplication smart board learning media. Calistung is an acronym for learning to read, write and count. In elementary school education students are required to learn basic things in the world of education, especially reading, writing, and arithmetic. The dedication methodology uses a method based on community empowerment. This program is implemented in 2 schools, namely SDN Mangli 1 and SDN Mangli 4. The aim of this program is to improve students' basic abilities by implementing interesting learning in the form of games so students don't feel bored when they have to receive monotonous lessons. At the time of program implementation, the enthusiasm of the students for the learning concepts that we had compiled was very high. The results of the dedication to implementing this program can run as expected with an increase in the quality of students' calistung abilities in