bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK PETIR INDONESIA DAN PENGGUNAANNYA DALAM EVALUASI UNJUK KERJA SALURAN UDARA 150 KV SAAT TERJADI SAMBARAN PETIR
Authors: Harsono Brian Bramantyo Satriaji Dwi Adiputro , Surya Anindita Satria , Mangunkusumo Kevin Gausultan Hadith , Purnomoadi Andreas Putro
Published: May 2021

Berdasarkan data historis, gangguan saluran transmisi udara di Indonesia mayoritas disebabkan oleh sambaran petir; hal tersebut mendorong PT PLN (Persero) sebagai perusahaan listrik milik negara untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja saluran udara terhadap sambaran petir. Pada makalah ini disajikan evaluasi karakterisasi petir menggunakan rekam data sistem deteksi petir/LDS (studi kasus untuk Jawa Barat) meliputi: jumlah sambaran, persentase polaritas, nilai modus arus puncak, persentase kejadian kumulatif, serta peta kerapatan petir. Evaluasi unjuk kerja saluran dilakukan melalui 1) simulasi tegangan lebih menggunakan perangkat lunak transient pada pemodelan saluran 150 kV untuk mengetahui korelasi arus puncak petir terhadap kenaikan tegangan pada insulator saat terjadi sambaran petir dan 2) evaluasi sudut lindung menggunakan Electro Geo-metric Model (EGM). Berdasarkan pengolahan data tahun 2018-2020, terdapat fluktuasi total kejadian petir per tahun dimana 84,63% (σ= 1,71) dari kejadian merupakan petir polaritas negatif. Modus nilai arus puncak petir adalah 12,33 kA (σ= 1,52), sementara persentase kejadian kumulatif memiliki knee point pada nilai 40 kA. Pola kerapatan petir tertinggi tidak mengalami perbedaan signifikan selama periode pengamatan dan bulan ke-7 merupakan periode dengan kejadian petir terendah. Hasil simulasi sambaran petir 40 kA pada kawat pembumiaan menunjukkan bahwa insulator mengalami kenaikan tegangan hingga 1083 kV; hal tersebut mendekati nilai Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL) dari insulator. Desain sudut lindung mampu mencegah shielding failure untuk arus petir ≥11 kA; meskipun demikian, perlu dicatat bahwa shielding failure akibat petir 10 kA menyebabkan kenaikan tegangan insulator melebihi nilai BIL. Peningkatan unjuk kerja saluran transmisi 150 kV tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan didasari oleh pertimbangan risk, cost dan benefit yang komprehensif.
Multispectral camera with sequential imaging.
Authors:   Tula State University, 92 Lenin Ave., Tula, 300012, Russia, Ovchinnikov A.V.
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes the implementation of a multispectral camera based on a digital video camera and a set of interference filters, which provides the formation of a sequential stream of spectral images. The results of verification of the generated spectral images are presented.
Наследование признаков продуктивности вики посевной в гибридах первого и второго поколений
Authors: Теличко Ольга Николаевна
Published: May 2021

Важным фактором в решении проблемы растительного белка является увеличение посевов зернобобовых культур, в том числе вики посевной. Наиболее рациональный путь дальнейшего повышения урожайности и качественных показателей продукции — создание новых сортов. Экспериментальная работа проведена в степной зоне Приморского края в 2019 – 2020 гг. на лугово-бурых отбеленных почвах тяжёлого механического состава. Представлены результаты изучения продуктивности гибридов вики посевной 1-го и 2-го поколений. Изучены особенности наследования семенной продуктивности 16 гибридных образцов, полученных гибридизацией. Рассчитаны степень доминантности, гетерозисный эффект и уровень депрессии. Высокий истинный гетерозис (>50 %) отмечен по признакам «количество бобов на растении» и «масса семян на растении» у образцов: № 1 и 5 [♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ (Луговская 85 × Белоцерковская 222), F1], № 2 (♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ ВИР 217, F1), № 8 (♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ Du Puy, F1) — 51,5 – 351,8 %; по признаку «масса семян на растении» у образцов: № 2 и 4 (♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ ВИР 217, F2), № 6 и 7 [♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ (Луговская 85 × Белоцерковская 222), F2] — 69,6 – 177,6 %. Комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков обладает образец № 4 (♀ Луговская 85 × ♂ ВИР 217).
Устойчивость продуктивности сидеральных агросообществ и их компонентов к пространственному и временнóму факторам
Authors: Гребенников А. М.
Published: May 2021

Увеличение удобрительной способности сидератов на почву возможно при использовании для этой цели смеси экологически и аллелопатически совместимых культур по сравнению с чистыми посевами их компонентов. Однако при этом остается не исследованным влияние пространственного и временного факторов (размещения культур в разных местах поля и проведения исследований в годы, различающиеся по погодным условиям) на взаимодействия между растениями. Из результатов проведения полевого опыта следовало, что на продуктивность бинарных агросообществ фактор расположения в пространстве вариантов опыта практически не оказывал влияния, а воздействие временного фактора, хотя и было более выраженным, не всегда объяснимо. На вариабельность продуктивности культурного и сорного компонентов рассматриваемых агросообществ наиболее выраженное влияние оказал временной фактор. При этом чем более устойчивым был культурный компонент к временному фактору, тем менее устойчивой к нему была продуктивность сорняков.
Do urban areas still have advantages over rural areas in antenatal care discontinuity in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors:   Institute for Population Studies (IFORD), Universityof Yaoundé II, Cameroon, Djourdebbé Franklin Bouba
Published: May 2021

In sub-Saharan Africa, among the small proportion of women who had at least one antenatal visit, many of them no longer return to ensure continuity of antenatal care. This antenatal care discontinuity is a matter of serious concern for maternal health. Using Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2000 and 2016 in 26 sub-Saharan countries, this study aims to analyse urban/rural differences in antenatal care discontinuity. Although in the majority of countries, urban areas have considerable advantages in terms of antenatal care continuity, there are countries where urban/rural differences are not significant, as well as atypical countries (Rwanda, Gambia and Zambia) where antenatal care discontinuity is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. This study is a contribution to tackle the complex disparities in the discontinuity of care during pregnancy in maternal health policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: Maternal health, antenatal care, urban, rural, sub-Saharan Africa.
Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War
Authors:   Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia, Arief Ruslan , Midhio I Wayan , Risman Helda , Anwar Syaiful , Prakoso Lukman Yudho
Published: May 2021

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).
A Comparative Evaluation of Undergraduate Programs of Arabic Translation and Interpreting Departments in Turkey
Authors:   Bartın University (Turkey), ÇİLEK Ersin , ŞANVERDİ Halil İbrahim ,   Süleyman Demirel University (Turkey), IŞIDAN Abdulmuttalip ,   Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University (Turkey)
Published: May 2021

It is seen that the importance and need for Arabic have been increasing in Turkey in recent years, and the variety and number of programs for the Arabic language in higher education institutions are also increasing. It is noteworthy that the Arabic Language and Literature and Arabic Language Teaching departments, which have a long history, and the Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments, have been increasing in the state and private universities in recent years. In this study, the undergraduate programs of the Arabic translation and interpretation departments in the first three universities, which currently accept students from state universities, were examined from various perspectives. In these universities, the number of courses of Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments, the courses and the intensity of the translation field according to the semesters were evaluated. As a result of the study, it draws attention that there are differences between the programs. The differences observed in the undergraduate programs of these departments, which were opened for the same purpose, suggest that a common program should be created between the departments. In this context, some suggestions have been made regarding the current status of Arabic translation and interpretation undergraduate programs at universities.
Leadership Styles of Principals Based on Setting, Zone, and Location of Public Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors:   University of Education (Ghana), Esia-Donkoh Kweku , Quansah David Kwame ,   Higher Colleges of Technology (UAE)
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the leadership styles of principals in public Colleges of Education (CoEs) in Ghana based on the setting, zone and location of the colleges. The quantitative method of the cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The census sampling technique was employed to obtain 38 principals for the study. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (2004) was adapted to collect data from the principals. Means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were utilised in analysing the data. The descriptive analysis established that generally, principals of public CoEs in Ghana mostly used transformational leadership style as compared to transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles. The inferential analyses also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the leadership styles of the principals based on setting, zone and location of the colleges. Among the recommendations is that the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC), formerly known as the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), should consider competence when selecting and appointing principals and not the setting, zone and location of public CoEs because generally, these variables did not statistically significantly determine the leadership styles adopted by the principals.
SKIN DISEASES OF DIFFERENT ETIOLOGY IN DOGS
Authors: Stolbova O.
Published: May 2021

Currently, skin pathologies in animals are of close attention by veterinary practitioners, since the qualities of service dogs are reduced against their background, as well as natural resistance is decreased, which contributes to the emergence of skin diseases of different etiology. In this regard, a goal was set to study and analyze the occurrence of skin diseases of different etiology in dogs. To study skin pathologies in dogs, animals were examined from 2010–2018. According to the results of the data obtained, we found that skin diseases were widespread. Among skin pathologies, diseases of parasitic etiology, allergic diseases, infectious skin diseases, diseases caused by formation of neoplasms, as well as endocrine dermopathy were recorded. At the same time, the taxonomic composition of parasites in dogs was represented by 8 species, of which the class Arachnida, Cuvier, 1812 by five species of parasites, and the class Insécta, Linnaeus, 1758 by three representatives. For skin pathologies of infectious nature, representatives of these classes are Bacillales Erenberg, 1835 (Staphylococcus Rosenbach, 1884; Streptococcus Rosenbach, 1884) and the class Eurotiomycetes Microsporum Gruby 1843; Trichophyton verrucosum (Boden, 1902).
MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEGUMENT OF EURYTREMA PANCREATICUM BEFORE AND AFTER ANTHELMINTICS
Authors: Bibik  , Nacheva  , Nesterok
Published: May 2021

The article describes micromorphological features of the tegument of the trematode of the species Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1899), Loos, 1907, family Dicrocoelliidae Odhner, 1911. The parasites were collected by dissection of spontaneously infected animals (cattle) with Eurytrema and with formed chronic eurythrematosis. Some of the trematodes were collected from the control group of animals, and some after deworming with anthelmintics. Using histological methods in a comparative aspect with the control, changes in the morphological features of the tegument of Eurytrema after effect of hexachloroparaxylol and oxinid were shown. It has been established that the toxic effect of anthelmintics causes destruction of the tegument. This increases the permeability of the drug and its metabolites through the outer cover of the trematodes into their body. There is a complete atrophy of the outer part of the tegument, and in the inner part of the tegument there is a decrease in the number of degenerative cells with hexachloroparaxylol and their increase with oxinid. The comparative effect by two anthelmintics of the old generation on the tegument is described to emphasize the effectiveness of their use in trematodiases, on the one hand, and to show the quality of histological methods in the expert assessment of drugs, on the other.
Effect of Use of Educational Appearance Ape (APE) Media Image to Creativity Children Age 4-5 Years in National Country City Mataram , West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Astawa I Made Suwasa , Astiti Ni Wayan Purni
Published: May 2021

Problems found in developing children's creativity in children age national country city Mataram West Nusa Tenggara. is the non-use of educational game tools provided by schools. Educational game tools that exist only to be stored in the warehouse and never applied in children's learning. Teachers are more monotonous to teach using magazines and children's books. The type of research used is experiment with Randomized Pretest-Postest Control Group Design design that is the existence of the treatment group and control group. To obtain optimal development, the treatment group was given treatments 5 times while the control group did not get treatment. To obtain the appropriate data, the researchers collected data from the observation, documentation, and instruments of the creative development of children. The subjects were 2 classes of A1 as a treatment group with 10 children consisting of 4 males and 6 females, and A2 group as a control group with 8 children consisting of 4 males and 4 females. The results of this study at the pre-test stage that is for the group A1 57.37% and group A2 54.37%. In the post-test stage, after the treatment group received treatment, the result of the A1 group was 74.25% and the A2 group 56.40%. The final result of the comparison of pre-test and post-test that is treatment group (A1) has increased 16,88% while the control group (A2) only 2.03%. Through the utilization of educational game tool that is the image media in children's learning activities, teachers are able to increase the creativity of children aged 4-5 years. So that the utilization of educational media game tools will affect the creativity of children aged 4-5 years in children age national country city Mataram West Nusa Tenggara.DOI: http://doi.org/10.31098/ijeiece.v1i2.15
Indonesian Secondary School Students’ Happiness at the Beginning of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Solekhah Heny
Published: May 2021

Happiness is a subjective assessment of individual wellbeing. Adolescents, especially secondary school students living in Islamic Boarding School, experience dramatic changes from learning at their dormitory with face-to-face teaching method to distance learning at home with minimum activities outside their houses. The survey was conducted on 111 respondents of students who had to return home due to the outbreaks of covid-19 pandemic for two months. The research found that the dramatic changes made them had difficulty to adapt new activities at home for a long time while studying independently through distance learning. Only a third of the sample felt happy during the online learning while the majority felt negative emotions such as boredom, unhappiness, and loneliness. The adolescents’ life satisfaction and community engagement significantly correlated with happiness although the size effects were medium. Female students also had lower happiness variables than males. To maintain their happiness, during the pandemic, most of them prefer activities that mostly trigger a sedentary lifestyle.
Sinema ve Resim Ekseninde Medyalararası Bir İnceleme: Aşçı, Hırsız, Karısı ve Aşığı Filmi
Authors: BOZ Özge
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma Peter Greenaway’in 1989 yılında çektiği Aşçı, Hırsız, Karısı ve Aşığı filmi ile filmin hem mecazi hem de gerçek anlamda fonunu oluşturan Frans Hals’ın Aziz Giorgio Birliğinin Subayları Ziyafette resmini medyalararası bir okumayla ele almaktadır. Filmin ana mekanı olan restoranda, filmin ana karakterlerinin yer aldığı masanın hemen ardında asılı duran bu tablo, hem biçimsel hem de anlatısal olarak filmin evreninin oluşmasında kilit taşı görevi görmektedir. Biçimci olan Greenaway, ışık, renk, kompozisyon, dekor, kostüm ve sahneleme gibi mizansen öğelerinde stilistik bir yaklaşım sergilediğinden film, mizansen analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yönetmenin filminde inşa ettiği çok katmanlı anlam yapısında derinlere inebilmek ve filmi çözümlemek için gerekli olan kültürel alt yapıyı sağlamak için Aziz Giorgio Birliğinin Subayları Ziyafette tablosuyla beraber eserin üretildiği dönem de çalışmanın kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Tablonun ışık, renk, kompozisyon gibi estetik unsurlarının yansıması filmin mizanseninde görülürken, eserin üretildiği 17. yüzyıl Hollanda’sının sosyal, ekonomik, politik ve sanatsal yaşantısının sonuçlarıysa filmin öyküsünün oluşturulmasında oldukça önemli bir rol oynadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Multiculturalism and America
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Emel
Published: May 2021

In the new world order that has begun to be restructured, how national identities will be carried out together and how differences will be transformed into benefits, instead of problems has become a very important issue in terms of ensuring peace and prosperity in every society. The USA realized that they could no longer pursue the understanding of Americanism, based on a single American identity, which they aim to protect. America, where many different cultures live, has inevitably had to follow a policy that respects every culture and is based on cultural pluralism. In contrast to cultural diversity in the USA, it is possible to point out that racism, which did not stop under Obama, was endured with Trump’s presidential process among the different positions of low-income black and minority societies. In this study, the question of whether new president of USA, Joe Biden is going to attempt to vary the otherization policy for the minority societies and immigrants that was continued in the process of Trump, or not is aimed to be made out, by analyzing the news about the minority societies and immigrants in CNN (USA) throughout two months, December, 2020 and January, 2021 with the discourse analysis method.
TVI’den Netflix’e : Pandemi’de Netflix’i Twitter Üzerinden Anlamak
Authors: GUMUS Burcu
Published: May 2021

Tüm dünyayla birlikte Türkiyeyi de etkisi altına alan Corona virüs salgınından korunmak ve yayılmasını önlemek için T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın başlattığı “hayat eve sığar”, “evde kal” sloganlarıyla yurttaşların evde kalması çağrısı yapılmaktadır. Zaman zaman tatillerde ve hafta sonlarında da sokağa çıkma yasakları getirilmektedir. Bu süreç içerisinde canlı etkinliklerin hemen hemen hepsi ertelenmiş, insanların bir araya gelmelerini sağlayan birçok mekân ve alan kapatılmıştır. Söz konusu bu uygulamalar kişilerin evde kaldığı süre içinde oyalanmalarını sağlayacak alternatif arayışlarını arttırmıştır. Bu durum, Netflix’i önemli bir aktör olarak karşımıza çıkartmaktadır. Ancak Netflix vakit geçirmek için kullanılan bir araç olmanın ötesinde kullandığı yayın teknolojisi, sunduğu à la carte televizyon izleme deneyimi, toplumsal ve kültürel açıdan neden olduğu değişiklikler vb. yüzünden televizyon tarihi içerisinde yeni bir dönem başlattığı konusunda literatürde birçok tartışmaya konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da öncelikle Netflix’in televizyon tarihinde yeni bir dönem açıp açmadığı kavramsal olarak tartışılmıştır. İncelenen kavramsal yapı içindeki unsurlar dikkate alınarak, Netflix kullanıcılarının Twitter paylaşımları üzerinden Netflix’i nasıl değerlendirdikleri ve bu değerlendirmenin tartışılan kavramsal yapıya katkı sağlayıp sağlamayacağı incelenmiştir. Yapılan veri analizi sonucunda literatürde Netflix’in yeni bir dönem başlattığı iddia edilen teknolojisi, izleme deneyimi, kataloglaması, geliştirdiği algoritmalar vb. hakkında herhangi bir paylaşımda bulunulmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan paylaşımlar içerisinde ekseriyetle canlı yayında yapılacak programlara ilişkin duyuruların bu çalışma kapsamında belirlenen etiketlerle paylaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Some fixed point results in ordered $b$-metric space with auxiliary functions
Authors: K Kalyani , NAMANA Seshagiri Rao , MİTİKU Belay
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to establish some fixed point results for a class of generalized $(\phi, \psi)$-weak contraction mapping in a partially ordered $b$-metric space. This mapping necessarily have a unique fixed point under ordered relation in a space. Also, the results for common and coincidence fixed points of the self mappings are presented. These results generalize and extend an existing results in the literature. Some illustrations are given at the end to support the results.
Baby Bust: Births fall in Brazilian major cities during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Everton E. C. , Soares Camila Ferreira , Monteiro da Silva José H C
Published: May 2021

Since the beginning of the pandemic of the new coronavirus, Brazil is a country that has been heavily affected by this new disease, and from March 2020 this country saw its death records increased as the number of Covid-19 infected got out of control. Consequently, many studies tried to explain the influence of this illness in the number of deaths and possible reductions in life expectancy. Until now, there were few empirical attempts to comprehend the effects of pandemic on birth reductions. In this work, we sought to analyze the influence of the pandemic Covid-19 on birth numbers of six major cities of Brazil. Using data from the Ministry of Health, we compared the number of monthly births from October-December 2020 and January-March 2021 with the amount of newborns in similar months and in years previous to the pandemic. Our results show a strong decline in the number of births in all cities analyzed, and most of the reductions occurred at mothers' age of 30 years old. Because of the uncertain scenario that the pandemic brought us, women are postponing their fertility intentions, causing a perhaps temporary baby bust in major cities of Brazil.
TET3 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival at time of analysis: dead or alive. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of TET3 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. TET3 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in the tumors of TNBC patients alive. Importantly, TET3 expression was significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. TET3 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
RESUME
Authors: Amni Rosmadewi Syalsabila
Published: May 2021

Partai politik merupakan sarana bagi warga negara untuk turut serta atau berpartisipasi dalam proses pengelolaan negara. Dewasa ini partai politik sudah sangat akrab di lingkungan kita. Sebagai lembaga politik, partai bukan sesuatu yang dengan sendirinya ada. Kelahirannya mempunyai sejarah cukup panjang, meskipun juga belum cukup tua. Bisa dikatakan partai politik merupakan organisasi yang baru dalam kehidupan manusia, jauh lebih muda dibandingkan dengan organisasi negara. Dan ia baru ada di negara modern. Sebagai subyek penelitian ilmiah, partai politik tergolong relatif muda
Adopting the Situation in School Questionnaire to Examine Physical Education Teachers’ Motivating and Demotivating Styles Using a Circumplex Approach
Authors: Escriva-Boulley Géraldine , Descas Emma Guillet , Aelterman Nathalie , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Van Doren Nele , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Haerens Leen
Published: May 2021

Grounded in SDT, several studies have highlighted the role of teachers’ motivating and demoti-vating styles for students’ motivation, learning, and physical activity in physical education (PE). However, most of these studies focused on a restricted number of motivating strategies (e.g., of-fering choice) or dimensions (e.g., autonomy support). Recently, researchers have developed the Situation In School (i.e. SIS) questionnaire which allows to gain a more integrative and fine-grained insight in teachers’ engagement in autonomy-support, structure, control and chaos through a circular structure (i.e., a circumplex). Although teaching in PE resembles teaching in academic courses in many ways, some of the items of the original situation-based questionnaire (e.g. regarding homework) are irrelevant to the PE context. In the present study, we therefore sought to develop a modified, PE-friendly version of this earlier validated SIS-questionnaire, the SIS-PE. Findings in a sample of Belgian (N=136) and French (N=259) PE teachers, examined to-gether and as independent samples, showed that the variation in PE teachers’ motivating styles in this adapted version is also best captured by a circumplex structure, with four overarching styles and eight subareas differing in their level of need support and directiveness. The SIS-PE possesses excellent convergent and concurrent validity. With the adaptations being successful, great opportunities for future research on PE teachers (de-)motivating styles are created.
Cooperation and acting for the greater good during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Boggio Paulo , Böhm Robert , Perc Matjaz , Sjåstad Hallgeir
Published: May 2021

Cooperation is essential to overcome global pandemics and other health crises, as many preventative measures require people to bear a personal cost to benefit other people or society as a whole. Wearing a face mask, for example, protects other people more than it protects oneself. In this essay, we discuss several mechanisms that are known to promote cooperation in economic games and real-world scenarios, with a special focus on message-based interventions that might be helpful to promote social distancing, mask wearing, physical hygiene, vaccine uptake, and information seeking. Lessons learned and future research ideas are offered.
Relaciones entre dimensiones de apego adulto y dimensiones de ira en adultos jóvenes peruanos
Authors: Chanllio Rios Giovana Violeta
Published: May 2021

ResumenLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal describir las relaciones entre las dimensiones de apego adulto (Ansiedad y Evitación) y las de ira (Ira-Rasgo, Ira-Estado, y Expresión de Ira, esta última con sus sub-dimensiones Ira Contenida, Ira Manifiesta, Control de la Ira Suprimida y Control de la Ira Manifiesta) en jóvenes adultos peruanos mediante una innovadora herramienta virtual de recolección de datos. Para recolectar los datos, se realizó la aplicación virtual de cuestionarios de autorreporte (ECR-S y ML-STAXI) en 112 adultos jóvenes peruanos. Los datos se procesaron mediante análisis estadísticos no paramétricos.En este estudio, se encontró relaciones entre la dimensión de Ansiedad con las dimensiones de Ira: Ira-Rasgo (rs=.32), Ira Estado (rs =.20), Expresión de la Ira (rs= -.21), Control de la Ira Manifiesta (rs=.19), y Control de la Ira Suprimida (rs=.20).Los resultados, de ser replicados, podrían ser útiles para los terapeutas trabajando con personas con altos niveles de la dimensión de Ansiedad de apego. En específico, entender cómo esta se relaciona con la Ira podría derivar en el desarrollo de estrategias que resulten más efectivas para la expresión de dicha emoción.
Tears do not influence competence in general, but only under specific circumstances: A systematic investigation across 41 countries
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Wągrowska Julia , Zickfeld Janis , van de Ven Niels
Published: May 2021

Research on the effect of emotional tears on perceived competence has yielded an inconsistent pattern of findings, with some studies showing that tearful individuals may be perceived as less competent, while others report no such effect. These mixed results point to the likely existence of third variables influencing the link between tears and perceived competence and suggest that crying may affect competence only in specific circumstances. In the current project, we re-examine this link using a large, openly available dataset of responses to tearful faces collected across 41 countries and 7,007 participants (Zickfeld et al., 2021). Our results show that tears have no general effect on perceptions of competence, but do reduce competence when crying is regarded as inappropriate (e.g., there is no clear reason for shedding tears) or when the target is perceived as helpless. Moreover, shedding tears increases competence when the target is perceived as honest. As emotional tears have been found to signal both helplessness and honesty, the interplay of these effects might result in no overall effect of tears on perceptions of competence. The present findings suggest that the link between emotional tears and perceived competence is highly context dependent.
Tracking the development of COVID-19 related PsyArXiv preprints
Authors: Yesilada Muhsin , Holford Dawn Liu , Wulf Marlene , Hahn Ulrike , Lewandowsky Stephan , Herzog Stefan Michael , Radosevic Marta , Stuchlý Erik , Taylor Katie , Ye Siyan , Saxena Gaurav , El-Halaby Gail
Published: May 2021

Given the need for a rapid and critical response from behavioural sciences during times of crisis, this study investigated the trajectory of all preprints posted to the repository PsyArXiv up to 19 May 2020 that were related to COVID-19 (n = 211). Specifically, we examined the trajectory, transparency, and diversity of these preprints as compared to PsyArXiv preprints unrelated to COVID-19 (n = 167) and articles published in psychology journal articles (n = 75) within the same time frame. Preprints related to COVID-19 had similar traction to published journal articles on COVID-19, but compared to preprints unrelated to COVID-19, the COVID-19 preprints were more likely to be subsequently published during a follow-up period (until 2 March 2021), were published more quickly, and received more citations. Preprints related to COVID-19 reported fewer open science practices than preprints unrelated to COVID-19, but more than COVID-19 journal articles. Primary affiliations for all preprints and journal articles predominantly originated from Western countries, but this was comparatively more for preprints (both related to and not related to COVID-19), even though preprints had more international authorship teams than journal articles. In conclusion, this study sheds light on preprint dissemination within the field of psychology amid the COVID-19 crisis, emphasising the swift spread, heightened probability of subsequent publication, and diverse adherence to open science practices among COVID-19-related preprints. These results underline the continual need for rigorous evaluation and advancement of scholarly communication practices, especially during periods of global urgency, to uphold transparency, diversity, and rigour in disseminating vital research findings.
Adapted Self-Affirmation and Conflict Management in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Schumann Karina , Ritchie Emily Grace , Dragotta Anna
Published: May 2021

Conflict can threaten our romantic relationships if managed ineffectively. Because destructive conflict responses are often fueled by self-protection motives, we theorized that protecting the self via self-affirmation could foster more constructive conflict responses. But how might people spontaneously use self-affirmation to improve their conflict practices? In a longitudinal intervention study (N=242) with romantic couples, we tested whether instructing partners to place themselves in the frame of mind that self-affirmation theoretically fosters—a big-picture focus that cultivates an expansive view of the self and reflection on one’s important values—could help people manage their conflicts more effectively. Compared to a control condition, couples who were instructed to take this “big-picture” focus reported more constructive conflict responses (e.g., empathy; responsiveness) and greater relationship functioning (e.g., higher relationship quality; lower avoidance) both immediately and one year after the intervention. This study thus offers a strategy people can use at will to improve their relationships.
Visual and Verbal Engagement of Higher Education Students in Videoconferencing
Authors: Händel Marion , Bedenlier Svenja , Kopp Bärbel , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela , Kammerl Rudolf , Ziegler Albert
Published: May 2021

Given that videoconferencing serves as a crucial means for remote teaching, the current study investigated higher education students’ (non)use of webcams and engagement in synchronous online courses. Three phases were studied: (1) A state of engagement; (2) antecedents that influence it; and (3) consequences of engagement. In particular, the aim of the study was to describe the status quo of students’ situation-specific engagement and to analyze potential factors contributing to it, namely, course characteristics, behavior of others, and individuals’ perceptions. Furthermore, the extent to which verbal and visual engagement influence each other was investigated. The cross-sectional online survey encompassed 4,143 students from all fields of studies of a comprehensive university. Results indicated that visual and verbal engagement were only slightly related to each other. Structural equation modelling revealed different direct and indirect influences on either visual or verbal engagement in synchronous online higher education courses. Due to the novelty of the research scope, results of this study provide a foundation for further investigation.
Socioeconomic status, time preferences and pro-environmentalism
Authors: Grandin Aurore , Guillou Léonard , Abdel Sater Rita , Foucault Martial , Chevallier Coralie
Published: May 2021

Future-oriented individuals tend to display more pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, compared to those who are present-oriented. Investigating the determinants of time preferences could therefore shed light on factors that also influence environmentalism. A key factor that impacts time preferences is socioeconomic status (SES). Importantly, SES is also positively correlated with willingness to act for the environment. In this paper, we test whether time preferences partially mediate the relationship between SES and pro-environmentalism in three studies. In the first study, we tested the assumption that pro-environmental attitudes are positively correlated with SES on a large cross-sectional French sample (N = 15,924). We found expected results both with an objective and a subjective measure of SES. Then, we conducted an online study including a temporal discounting task, which allowed us to fully test the mediation hypothesis on British participants (N = 650). Our results suggest that the positive association between SES and pro-environmental attitudes is partially mediated by temporal discounting, but no significant mediated relationship was found for pro-environmental behaviour. Finally, we conducted a third study with an experimental setting, for which we recruited British participants who underestimated their position in the income distribution (N = 855). In the treatment group, participants received a correction of their misperception, in order to increase their perceived relative income. Although the expected shift towards increased preferences for the future was not observed, we found a moderated effect of the treatment on pro-environmentalism.
Risk-taking in adversarial games: What can 1 billion online chess games tell us?
Authors: Holdaway Cameron , Vul Edward
Published: May 2021

Humans are social beings, and most of our decisions are influenced by considerations of how others will respond. Whether in poker or political negotiations, the riskiness of a decision is often determined by the variance of the other party’s possible responses. Such socially-contingent decisions can be framed in terms of adversarial games, which differ from other risky situations such as lotteries because the risk arises from uncertainty about the opponent’s decisions, and not some independent stochasticity in the world. We use chess as a lens through which we can study human risk-taking behavior in adversarial decision making. We develop a novel algorithm for calculating the riskiness of each move in a chess game, and apply it to data from over 1 billion online chess games. We find that players not only exhibit state-dependent risk preferences, but also change their risk-taking strategy depending on their opponent, and that this effect differs in experts and novices.
Examining Word List Selection and Performance: An Explanatory Item Analysis of the CERAD Word List Learning Test
Authors: Goette William
Published: May 2021

Objective: Develop and test an explanatory item response theory model (IRT) that examines properties of both the test (e.g., word order, learning over trials) and items (e.g., frequency of words in English) on the CERAD List Learning Test immediate recall trials.Methods: Item-level response data from 1050 participants (Mage=73.74 [SD=6.89], Medu=13.77 [SD=2.41]) in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol were used to construct various IRT models. A Bayesian generalized (non-)linear multilevel modeling framework was utilized to specify the Rasch and two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT models. Leave-one-out cross-validation information criteria and pseudo-Bayesian model averaging were used to compare models. Posterior predictive checks helped validate model performance in predicting data observations. Fixed effects for learning over trials, serial position of words, and 9 word properties of the words (obtained through the English Lexicon Project) were modeled for their effects on item properties.Results: A random person, random item 2PL model with an item-specific inter-trial learning effect (i.e., local dependency effect) provided the best fit of any of the models examined. Of the 9 word traits examined, only 4 has highly probable effects on item difficulty such that words became harder to learn with increasing frequency in English, average age of acquisition, and concreteness and lower levels of body-object integration.Conclusions: Results support that memory performance depends on more than repetition of words across trials. The finding that word traits affect difficulty and predict learning raise interesting potentials for test translation, equating word lists, and extending test interpretation to more nuanced semantic deficits.
Identifying urban areas: A new approach and comparison of national urban metrics with gridded population data
Authors: Statham Thomas A , Wolf Levi John , Fox Sean
Published: May 2021

The measurement of urbanization and other key urban indicators depends on how urban areas are defined. The Degree of Urbanization (DEGURBA) has been recently adopted to support international statistical comparability, but its rigid criteria for classify areas as urban/non-urban based upon fixed population size and density criteria is controversial. Here we present an alternative approach to urban classification, using a flexible range of population density \& count thresholds. We then compare how these thresholds affect estimation of urbanization and urban settlement counts across three of the most popular gridded population datasets (GPD). Instead of introducing further uncertainties by matching GPD to built-up area datasets, we classify urban areas in a purely spatial demographic way. By calculating national urban shares and urban area counts, we highlight the often overlooked uncertainties when using GPD. We find that the choice of GPD is generally the dominant factor in altering both of these urban indicators but the choice of urban criteria is also important. Overall, this alternative urban classification method offers a more flexible approach to human settlements classification that can be applied globally for comparative research.
Pembuatan Alat Produksi Bata Ringan dari Pasir Silika di Desa Tegalwangi Kecamatan Umbulsari, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur
Authors: Pintowantoro Sungging , Rochiem Rochman , Susanti Diah , Setiyorini Yuli , Abdul Fakhreza , Nurdiansah Haniffudin
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan zaman dan teknologi pembuatan material telah banyak berubah dengan pesat. Setiap perkembangan material biasanya akan mengarah kepada bagaimana membuat suatu material tersebut ringan, mudah didapat dan juga dengan biaya produksi yang lebih rendah. Salah satu material yang mengalami perkembangan adalah material penyusun dari batu bata. Batu bata merah tersusun dari material tanah liat yang cukup berat. Hal ini menyebabkan beban bangunan akan menjadi lebih berat secara keseluruhan salah satu solusinya adalah dibutuhkan batu bata dengan massa jenis yang lebih rendah untuk mengurangi beban dari bangunan secara keseluruhan. Keunggulan dari batu bata yang lebih ringan adalah memiliki sifat mekanik yang lebih kuat, bentuk dan ukurannya yang presisi dan biaya produksi serta pengaplikasian yang lebih efisien jika dibandingkan dengan batu bata merah yang konvensional. Bahan baku pembuatan batu bata ringan juga mudah ditemukan, dapat menggunakan pasir silika dengan kadar yang rendah yang banyak terdapat di berbagai daerah yang ada di Indonesia. Bata ringan adalah yang memiliki massa jenis dibawah dari 1.800 kg/m3. Komponen dari bata ringan biasanya terdiri dari pasir silika, semen dan juga kapur. Namun pada proses pembuatan bata ringan kali ini ditambahkan zat pengembang dan zat aditif khusus dengan komposisi tertentu agar proses pengembangan bata dan campuran lebih homogen serta cepat kering tanpa mengalami retakan dan penyusutan saat dicetak. Alat produksi bata ringan dan prosedur pembuatannya diterapkan di wilayah Desa Tegalwangi, Kecamatan Umbulsari, Kabupaten Jember.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Penyebaran COVID-19 dan Pengembangan Ketahanan Pangan di Kelurahan Sabaru Palangka Raya
Authors: Ludang Yetrie , Firlianty Firlianty , Astoeti Dileli Dharma
Published: May 2021

Sabaru merupakan salah satu kelurahan yang ada di Kecamatan Sabangau kota Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah jarak lokasi dari kota palangka raya sekitar ±10 km, Pandemi COVID-19 yang saat ini melanda seluruh dunia mengharuskan masyarakat menjadi mandiri dalam pemenuhan gizi sebagai upaya peningkatan imunitas tubuh. Pencegahan penularan COVID-19 sangat penting saat ini untuk diterapkan dalam masyarakat, karena bahaya yang diakibat virus ini sangat mengancam jiwa dan penularan yang sangat cepat. Peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat untuk pencegahan penularan COVID-19 ini menjadi salah satu kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di kelurahan Sabaru. Ketahanan pangan merupakan terjemahan dari food security mencakup banyak aspek dan luas sehingga setiap orang mencoba menterjemahkan sesuai dengan tujuan dan ketersediaan data. Permasalahan mitra adalah kurangnya kesadaran akan pentingnya pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dan masyarakat juga kurang memanfaatkan lahan sekitar rumah untuk menanam sayuran yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Metode dari kegiatan ini adalah dengan cara pelatihan langsung untuk menanam sayuran disekitar tempat tinggal dan dengan penyuluhan agar menciptakan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pencegahan penularan COVID-19. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yang sudah dilaksanakan menunjukan adanya kesadaran dari masyarakat untuk mencegah penularan COVID-19 dengan tertibnya menggunakan masker dan setiap rumah juga menyediakan tempat cuci tangan disamping rumah masing-masing, lahan pekarangan terlihat dimanfaatkan untuk bertanam sayuran.
Gratitude. The Red Army Memorial in Szczecin: A Geographical, Topographical, and Biographical Perspective
Authors: Kubiak Szymon Piotr
Published: May 2021

In March 1945, the combined Polish-Soviet forces captured the German city of Stettin. On 26 April, the 65th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front entered the city, in which the rule of the Soviet military command was soon established. Due to its unresolved status and territorial disputes, Polish politicians, self-government officials, and first settlers were forced to leave Szczecin twice. In the period of the Polish-German “race for Szczecin”, which ended with the Potsdam Conference, the only stable element having control over the lower Oder was the USSR, whose emissaries treated the conquered territories as if they already belonged to their communist state. As early as in 1945, the Polish civil authorities came up with an idea to erect a memorial dedicated to the “democratic armies”. The competition for the Red Army Gratitude Memorial was officially launched in Spring 1949, once the USSR-born doctrine of socialist realism was introduced to Poland. Out of twenty-two submission, the first award was given to Józef Starzyński from Zakopane, a former citizen of Lvov. The commemorative complex located at the Polish Soldier’s Square was completed in April 1950. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the very memorial which remained in Szczecin until 2017. Of special importance to my investigation are: the geographical context of Western Pomerania considered one of the Reclaimed Territories and in a feudal relationship with the historical regions of the Republic of Poland, as well as with the Russian “Seigneur”/”Lord”; the topographical context, namely the act of re-building the former German city destroyed in warfare; as well as the biographical context, i.e. the life of the monument’s designer. The paper takes special interest in the formal and ideological links between the Szczecin memorial and one of Starzyński’s earlier projects, namely the Sacred Heart of Jesus Gratitude Memorial in Poznań (1927; a competition submission; never erected). A careful reconstruction of the memorials’ history will offer a valuable case study which showcases the 20th-century sculptor in a politically-charged environment.