bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAITH, FEAR, AND FORTITUDE: UNVEILING THE COMPLEX CONNECTION OF TERRORISM, RELIGION, AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Choudary Jasti Swaroop
Published: June 2024

This research paper looks into the complex interplay in between terrorism, religion, and national security, targeting to shine light on their complex dynamics. This paper attempts to recognise the profound impact that religious beliefs can have on individual and collective actions, sometimes leading to the emergence of extremist ideologies that fuel acts of terrorism. By examining the various factors that contribute to the rise of religiously motivated terrorism, including socio-political conditions, ideological indoctrination, and geopolitical tensions, this paper seeks to deepen our understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. This research also investigates the critical role of national security in countering religiously motivated terrorism. It explores how states develop strategies to protect their citizens, safeguard national interests, and maintain social cohesion in the face of evolving security threats. This involves analysing policy frameworks, intelligence gathering techniques, counterterrorism measures, and the delicate balance between security and civil liberties. Furthermore, the paper explores the nuances and challenges associated with managing the relationship between religion and national security. It examines the delicate task of distinguishing between peaceful religious practices and the exploitation of religious rhetoric for violent ends. It also explores the importance of engaging religious communities in promoting tolerance, countering radicalisation, and fostering a sense of inclusivity within societies. This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the intricate connections between terrorism, religion, and national security by highlighting the complexities, vulnerabilities, and potential solutions within this domain, it aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, security practitioners, and scholars interested in mitigating the threats posed by religiously motivated terrorism while safeguarding individual rights and societal cohesion from diverse case studies and scholarly perspectives.
CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTALISM IN INDIA: ANALYSIS
Authors: Vignesh Duggirala VSDM
Published: June 2024

The world's environmental problems gave rise to the environmental movement known as environmentalism. It covers ideas on the origin and root causes of environmental issues, ethical perspectives on how we should treat the environment, and initiatives to define and build an ecologically friendly society. Between those who value nature for human well-being and others who adopt an ecocentric perspective and feel that nature has worth, there is a fundamental moral disagreement among environmentalists. How to define and create an environmentally sustainable society and how doing so relates to other political goals are the fundamental concerns of environmental political theory. The research's first section, which supports this philosophy, looks at how environmentalism evolved in pre- and post-colonial India. The present state of environmental legislation and environmental protection trends are listed in the section that follows.
AGRICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY: PROTECTING FARMERS SEEDS
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Harshitha Potluri Sri
Published: June 2024

A complex and divisive topic is the requirement for international laws governing intellectual property rights (IPRs) in relation to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and traditional knowledge in developing nations. It entails striking a balance between the interests of several parties, including multinational corporations, developing countries, indigenous groups, and the general public. Developing nations frequently have a wealth of traditional knowledge and biodiversity, which are crucial for sustainable development in the fields of agriculture and medical. However, without adequate safeguards, this knowledge may be misused without providing any benefits to the communities who retain it. When traditional knowledge holders' knowledge is utilized in the production of GMOs, global norms can provide frameworks for recognizing and compensating them. Access to technology may be hampered by intellectual property laws, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Global regulations that are fair and balanced can aid in the transmission of GMO-related technologies to underdeveloped countries, allowing them to better their agricultural methods and increase food security. Due to the technology and research required, farmers who acquire GMO seeds frequently pay higher prices compared to normal seeds. Making sure there are clear guidelines for farmers' rights enables fair pay for innovators and encourages them to spend money on additional R&D. Concerns over access to GMO technology, particularly for farmers in underdeveloped nations, can be addressed by international regulations. It is possible to balance the interests of farmers and breeders by setting up systems for technological transfer and licensing agreements.
COMPETENCY FRAME WORK FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) BASED PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENTS & INTERVENTIONS IN HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION
Authors: Shaikh Dr Fouzia .A. , Azam Dr. A.A.S.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The proposed chapter aims to provide a bird’s eye view of cluster of prominent skill sets required for AI application in the field of psychometric assessments and allied interventions in context of recent advances in health and education. Approach: Secondary data review and expert interviews were used as key approach for data collection and discussion. Data analysis was conducted using thematic approach. Findings: Competency framework broadly classified into four types of competencies that have enabled researchers and practitioners make significant AI related breakthroughs. The four competencies, namely scientific thinking skills, design thinking skills, a psychometrician’s competency and AI-self efficacy are elaborated through recent published multidisciplinary scientific findings. The scientific thinking skills are derived from the core Turingian philosophy which refer to scientific traits viz. curiosity, skepticism and empiricism necessary to envision AI in solving psychosocial problems. The design thinking skills emphasize on the importance of combination of both cognitive and affective traits like empathy, ideation and interdisciplinary collaboration which are perquisites of AI prototyping and testing phases. The psychomterician’s competency section discusses published case studies highlighting how certain softwares on account of their strong psychometric properties and NLP analysis have managed to predict and provide diagnostic based solutions for various physical and mental health conditions like breast cancer, Covid-19, anxiety, and suicide. The last competency in the framework emphasizes on the need to inculcate and encourage the AI mindset amongst budding therapists and professionals. Value: Recent AI apps in field of education and psychotherapy, through therapy chatbots and diagnostic apps, have successfully provided effective solutions for complex subjective forms of behaviour like depression and dyslexia by analysing verbatim and real-time data. Chapter sets positive outlook towards AI application for resolving global pressing problems of health care and education.
BIOREMEDIATION
Authors: R Mahenthiran , L Durgadevi , K Arunavarsini
Published: June 2024

Nowadays the global environment is facing a highly critical situation due to the growing cities, industries, and increasing population in the limited natural resources. The growth of the population reflects the drastic changes in the environment. There is the use of a highly developed environmental management system and biotechnological technology to remove the contaminants from natural resources known as bioremediation. Bioremediation is one of the most considered and useful alternative methods for eradicating contamination from nature for sustainable waste management. Today’s recent advancement of technologiesmultiplies the bioremediation process for natural resource production from recycling waste material. This chapter covers detailed notes about bioremediation and its principles in the working process the types of methods involved in contaminated areas and the role of microbes in the remediation process and their applications.
A REVIEW ON HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L) SEED & ITS MILK
Authors: Kavya Jyothi H
Published: June 2024

The family Cannabaceae includes hemp, widely known as Cannabis sativa L. As shelled seed or de-shelled kernel, along with byproducts including oil, protein powder, and flour, it is frequently eaten up in various ways throughout the world. In addition to a high concentration of methionine and cysteine, two amino acids that are rather scarce in plant proteins, hemp seeds are said to contain all nine necessary amino acids (AAs). In contrast to its low quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), hempseed oil contains assemblage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Additionally, it has been observed that consumption of hemp seed has a helpful impact on insulin sensitivity, hunger, blood total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Hempseeds include significant amounts of phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), among other macro-elements. For those who cannot consume milk, hemp seed (Cannabis Sativa L.) is the greatest source and alternative. The superiorities of hemp seed and its milk are the major subject of this review.
ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI: FUTURISTIC TOOL FOR BIOREMEDIATION
Authors: Virk Verinder , Deepak Himani , Taneja Khushbu
Published: June 2024

The global concern of contamination of water and land with heavy metals has gotten more complicated. Given that increased metal concentrations in terrestrial and aquatic system constitute treat to mankind as well as to animals, this topic has gained tremendous attention of young researchers from all over the world. The metabolism and growth among most plants were impaired by high concentrations of heavy metals. Several traditional techniques have been employed to overcome the problem of heavy metals. However, these techniques have a number of disadvantages such as high cost, large energy requirements, and inappropriate conversion of heavy metals. Bioremediation is the most effective and promising method for treating heavy metals. Microorganisms have the capacity to minimize the toxic effects caused by heavy metals on plants. Despite their limited research to far, endophytic fungi is an effective source for shielding plants from the toxicity of heavy metals. All higher plants have endophytic fungi that live in their internal tissues asymptomatically without having any negative consequences on the host. Endophytic mycoflora provide their host plant with advantages such as improved plant development, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and generation of significant and valuable pharmacological, medicinal, and therapeutical substances. Endophytes increase the effectiveness of bioremediation by lowering the toxicity of plants to heavy metals.
NIR MAGIC: UNVEILING THE HIDDEN POTENTIAL OF NEAR-INFRARED TECHNOLOGY IN REVOLUTIONIZING FOOD PROCESSING
Authors: Bhatlawande Miss. Aboli R. , P.U.Ghatge Dr. , G.U.Shinde Dr. , Anushree R.K Miss. , D. Patil Mr. Sagar
Published: June 2024

This book chapter delves into the immense potential of Near-Infrared (NIR) technology in revolutionizing food processing. NIR technology enables detailed molecular-level analysis of food composition, leading to significant advancements in assessing and enhancing food quality, safety, and integrity. The chapter explores diverse applications of NIR technology, including its use in quality control, safety assurance, process optimization, and nutritional analysis. A notable feature highlighted is NIR's non-destructive nature, which accelerates analysis, minimizes waste, and promotes sustainability within the food industry. Furthermore, the integration of NIR technology with artificial intelligence and machine learning enables precise predictive modelling for product quality, shelf-life, and sensory attributes. This integration also yields improved efficiency and cost reduction. Despite these achievements, challenges remain in standardizing calibration models, expanding spectral signature databases, and overcoming limitations for certain food types. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the widespread adoption and advancement of NIR technology. The chapter concludes by underscoring the transformative power of NIR technology, showcasing its ability to uncover concealed insights, streamline operations, and safeguard food integrity. It advocates for embracing the enchantment of NIR technology and harnessing its full potential to enhance food quality, safety, and sustainability, thereby creating a future food processing ecosystem that is both innovative and delightful.
ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN HUMAN HEALTH: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Meenu Sirohi Dr. , Shikha Singh Dr.
Published: June 2024

Food and health are directly related, and this has inspired several scientific investigations to determine the impact of dietary substances on particular bodily functions. In recent years a number of studies have been done on functional characteristics which have direct association to the health benefits of diverse foods made from plants and animals. Certain food ingredients are essential for improving our health and wellbeing. In addition to supplying essential nutrients, these foods, sometimes referred to as Functional Foods, assist in lowering the risk of specific illnesses and other ailments. An entire ingredient or a portion of food that is used as food for specific therapeutic purposes is referred to as a functional food. Due to the presence of various types of physiologically active functional components it has various beneficial healthy functions in the body beyond nutrition. Functional foods fall into two groups based on their functional components: Traditional or conventional functional foods made with natural or whole foods and nonconventional or modified functional foods with extra additives for certain health benefits. On the basis of sources functional foods are obtained from plants like fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, nuts, beans, cereals, millets, etc; animal sources like dairy products, sea foods, fortified products, etc, microbial sources like good microorganisms such as Lactobacillus casei or numerous Bifidobacter species, which are also referred as probiotics and other sources like algae, mushrooms etc. Due to the presence of various types of nutrients and non nutrients in them like vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids like omega-3 fatty acids (ALA, EPA and DHA), antioxidants, phenolic compounds, etc; the dietary substances are considered as functional and can provide protection to the people against risk of various degenerative conditions like diabetes, uncontrolled cell division, cardiovascular disease, and others.
FOOD SPOILAGE, STORAGE, AND PRESERVATION
Authors: Luxita Sharma Dr. , Sharma Dhananjay
Published: June 2024

Food storage is not only linked with safety and quality but also plays a significant role in the effective balancing of family income and maintaining the utilization of available resources in the country. The process of food storage should immediately start with the harvesting, manufacturing, and slaughtering of the animal or plants because the process of chemical composition begins soon after it. These changes worsen the condition of food and may cause it to deviate from its appearance, taste, and composition that termed spoilage. As we all know, food is a basic necessity of life and is irreplaceable for the healthy existence of mankind. Utmost of our food is comprised of plant and animal products, which are generally seasonal and spoil quickly. The harvested, caught, slaughtered, or manufactured products from those progressively goes deteriorates or spoiled until and unless it is preserved within the time. This deterioration is either caused by the production of toxic substances by microbes or the loss of nutritional value. The main aim of food storage is to guarantee safe and high-quality food. The proper storage of food increases the shelf life of the food, which basically depends on the type, packaging, and storage conditions such as humidity and temperature. The main aim of the chapter is to make aware of the term food spoilage, and food preservation, and to understand food based on perishability, and the different methods of food preservation (conventional and modern methods). The book chapter also included the recent advances used in food preservation elaborately.
ARGEMONE MEXICANA A HIDDEN MEDICINAL PLANT AND TO EVALUATE ITS EDIBILITY
Authors: Sharma Dhananjay , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Plants are called the natural healer, and even not a single plant is futile on the earth. Our nature is usually blessed with many plants and every plant contains medicinal properties either in the explored or unexplored way. Some of the plants are either edible or maybe toxic but are rich in phytochemicals, which help in the treatment of many diseasesand help mankind to survive for a long time. One of them isArgemone mexicana. The plant belongs to Papaveraceae popularly known as the poppy family. The plant is generally called a Mexican prickly poppy or Ghamoya. This weed is habitually ignored, but the number of studies remarkably shows a range of beneficial health issues. Traditionally the entire plant, leaves, seeds, stems, and rootsare widely used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha to treat several dermal issues, itching, inflammation, tumors, jaundice, microbial infection, leprosy, and malaria. The plant contains phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and aliphatic alcohols. The plant is known as toxic due to the presence of sanguinarine alkaloids.However, the edibility of the seed oil is still doubtful due to its alkaloid. Besides this, the seed oil from this plant is mostly contaminated with mustard oil which may lead to several health issues, worldwide known as epidemic dropsy.This chapter contains recent information that may be helpful for further investigation on the plant Argemone mexicana.
REVOLUTIONIZING THE CULINARY LANDSCAPE: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF 3D FOOD PRINTING IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Shetty Aanjana , Chotalia Meera , Dhawale Gauri , Patil Shivratna , Sheetal Sonawdekar Dr.
Published: June 2024

The rapid advancement of 3D printing technology has extended its reach beyond traditional manufacturing and into the realm of gastronomy. This book chapter delves into the innovative world of 3D food printing and its transformative impact on the food industry. As a disruptive technology, 3D food printing holds the promise of revolutionizing how food is prepared, presented, and consumed. The chapter begins by providing an overview of 3D printing technology, outlining its principles and mechanisms that have been adapted to create intricate food structures. It discusses the various techniques and materials used in 3D food printing, including hydrocolloids, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, each with their unique culinary applications. Furthermore, the chapter explores the key benefits of integrating 3D food printing into the culinary landscape. These benefits include enhanced customization, precise portion control, and the potential for addressing dietary restrictions and nutritional requirements. This technology also opens avenues for artistic expression in culinary arts, allowing chefs to push the boundaries of food aesthetics and presentation. The challenges and considerations associated with 3D food printing are thoroughly examined, such as the need to balance technological feasibility with maintaining the sensory qualities and flavours of traditional cuisine. Food safety and regulatory concerns are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that 3D printed food products meet stringent standards. Real-world applications of 3D food printing within the food industry range from personalized nutrition and meal replacement solutions to sustainable food production practices.
VACUUM SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Immanuel Genitha , Goyal S. K. , Bunkar Durga Shankar , Kumar Jitendra
Published: June 2024

The subject matter explains the requirement for a strong vacuum as well as the basic principles of vacuum science and the main gas sources present inside a vacuum system. For scientific inquiry and present high technology, vacuum science is a must. This introduction to vacuum science presents the essential notions of an atom-and-molecule-composed gas. The vacuum is defined as a volume that is only partially filled with the mentioned gas particles. The basic concepts of vacuum, historical understanding, measurement of vacuum, Uses of Vacuum, Advantage of vacuum driers, principal of operation vacuum, classification of vacuum pumps, and application of vacuum drier are discussed.
RECENT TRENDS IN AGROFORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Monga Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Agroforestry research focuses on combating climate change, adapting to climate change, stopping land degradation, improving water quality, and protecting biodiversity. It also addresses social problems, the role of agroforestry in jobs, business, and money, and its economic impact. National research focuses on diagnostic surveys, collection and evaluation of tree species, tree selection and improvement, development and control of agroforestry practices, economic study of agroforestry systems, environmental, abandoned land, and community land development. However, most studies do not carefully review data. Agroforestry is a sustainable and multifunctional land-use system that can address environmental and socio-economic challenges. It has been explored for its potential to enhance resilience, reduce climate-related risks, and promote adaptation. The National Agroforestry Policy of 2014 encompasses various aspects like the provision of high-quality planting material, the implementation of tree insurance schemes, and the promotion of effective marketing strategies for agroforestry goods. Agroforestry systems can double farmers' income in seven years and triple it if farmers receive compensation for carbon stored. Recent trends in agroforestry research include climate-resilient agroforestry, digital technologies, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and sustainable agriculture, market opportunities for agroforestry products, scaling up agroforestry adoption, and improving rural livelihoods.
A REVIEW ON CORAL REEFS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Authors: P Sedyaaw , J. M Koli
Published: June 2024

Coral reefs are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. One of India's oldest and most active ecosystems is the coral reef. Even though they only make up 0.2% of the whole seafloor in terms of area, coral reef ecosystems often referred to as the rainforests of the sea represent close to one-fourth of all marine species. Coral reefs serve a crucial function in preventing coastal erosion in addition to acting as a haven for a wide variety of marine species. India's 8,000 km of coastline is home to people who rely on coral reefs for their daily needs. India is located in the middle of the Indian Ocean's warm, tropical region, and its maritime areas are home to numerous coral reefs. Coral reefs are being harmed and destroyed because of anthropogenic and natural activity, despite the fact that they are extremely important. The Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, Gulf of Kutch, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Lakshadweep Islands are the only places in India with significant reef formations. The other reefs are all fringing reefs, whereas the Lakshadweep reefs are atolls. The country's central west coast has patchy coral in the intertidal zones. The ecosystem of coral reefs is incredibly diverse and intricate. But because to several anthropogenic and natural disruptions, this tropical wonder is currently deteriorating at alarming rates and faces a significant risk of extinction. Despite the fact that India has extensive and complicated reef systems and benefits greatly from them, the country's management and conservation efforts seem inadequate. A review of the literature indicates that improved management, together with experienced marine biologists, contemporary infrastructure, and long-term funding, are necessary. This review also aims to highlight the current focus of bio-ecological research on Indian coral reefs and to discuss future research opportunities on some of the major global primary research areas. Moreover, there is a pressing need for effective communication between the scientific community and stakeholders for the strict implication of conservation practice to protect the spectacular coral reef ecosystem.
A FRAMEWORK FOR BLOCKCHAIN DEPLOYMENT TOWARDS AN ACCOUNTABLE AND SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL FOOD VALUE CHAIN
Authors: Patil Pratibha , Ghosh Anindita
Published: June 2024

This study provided a thorough and comprehensive framework for using blockchain technology to international food "supply" chains and outlined the process for transforming them into ethical and sustainable international "value" chains. Although earlier academic studies have assessed blockchain implementation at different points in the chain, this study looked at hurdles to blockchain deployment at every level of the value chain. The report began by outlining the linkages among the three Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN: food for all (SDG 2), health for all (SDG 3), and sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12). It assessed the underlying trade law legal framework as well as the regulatory needs.
POTENTIAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Authors: S Sanjana , R Bhavya Rani , Jadhav Prajwal , G Harshitha. , Sumanth B Dr.
Published: June 2024

Petroleum hydrocarbons, derived from crude oil, are essential energy sources but pose a significant environmental concern due to their widespread use and potential for accidental releases. Biodegradation, a natural process mediated by microorganisms, has come out as a successful approach for the treatment of environments that are polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. This abstract provides information on the biodegradation mechanisms and factors influencing the breakdown of petroleum hydrocarbons by microorganisms. The book chapter encompasses various aspects of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation, including the microbial communities involved, metabolic pathways employed by microorganisms, and environmental factors affecting the degradation process. Microorganisms such as fungi have a key role in petroleum hydrocarbon biotransformation, using enzymes to disintegrate compound hydrocarbon compounds into simpler, more manageable forms. Several factors influence the rate and efficiency of biodegradation, such as hydrocarbon composition, pH, temperature, availability of nutrients, oxygen levels, and the existence of co-contaminants. Understanding these factors is vital for optimizing biodegradation processes and developing effective bioremediation strategies. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of biodegradation as a legitimate and environmentally safe approach to remediate petroleum sites spoiled by hydrocarbons. It underscores the need for further research for surveying the untapped possibilities of groups of microorganisms and their metabolic capabilities for enhanced biodegradation. By harnessing the power of nature, biodegradation offers a promising solution for mitigating the environmental impact of petroleum hydrocarbons and restoring contaminated ecosystems.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: EMERGING TRENDS AND TRANSFORMATIVE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Nivethitha Mrs. T. , Udhayakumar Dr. A. , Poonguzhali Dr. P. K.
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology is rapidly emerging as a crucial tool in modern agriculture and is expected to have a significant impact on the economy in the near future. By utilizing various chemical agents and innovative delivery systems, nanotechnology has the potential to enhance crop productivity and reduce the reliance on large quantities of agrochemicals. Furthermore, nanotechnology offers promising solutions to the existing challenges faced by the agricultural sector, such as climate change, inefficient resource utilization, and excessive chemical fertilizer usage. Nanotechnology in agriculture offers various practical uses, including the efficient delivery of agrochemicals and nutrients, the advancement of nano-scale carriers, smart packaging, nanosensors, veterinary care, and applications in fisheries, aquaculture, and nutrient deficiency detection. Despite significant public funding invested in this field over the last decade, its progress has been relatively limited. This can be attributed to the distinctive characteristics of farm production, operating as an open system with the free exchange of energy and matter, and the substantial scale of input materials needed compared to industrial nanoproducts. These factors have posed challenges to the widespread implementation of nanotechnology in agriculture.
HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Authors: Maheswari Ritika , Singh Gajendra , J. Patil Sharangouda
Published: June 2024

This book chapter delves into the profound history of medicine, tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to the contemporary era. It explores the evolution of medical knowledge in regions like India, China, and Egypt, as documented in Ayurvedic texts and the Ebers Papyrus. Notable figures such as Hippocrates, the Father of Western Medicine and his enduring Hippocratic Oath are highlighted, illustrating the ethical foundations still integral to modern medical practice. The narrative unfolds the critical role medicine has played in the survival and progress of civilizations, examining the transformative impact of epidemics and pandemics on culture, religion, and politics throughout history. From the Black Death in the 14th century to the ongoing challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the chapter underscores medicine's role in shaping societies. It also explores medicine's influence on military conflictsciting examples like COVAXIN and Penicillin that revolutionized infection treatment. Advances in surgery, drugs, vaccines, and antibiotics have not only increased life expectancy but also eradicated dangerous diseases. The collaborative spirit from ancient healers to modern research teams is emphasized as a driving force behind medical progress. Studying the history of medicine is presented as more than a factual exploration—it is a means to comprehend the cultural, social, and philosophical dimensions impacting medical practices. Drawing lessons from historical successes and mistakes, particularly the abolition of smallpox informs evidence-based decision-making in contemporary healthcare. The chapter concludes by celebrating the remarkable story of medicine portraying human resilience, shared aspirations for better health and the potential for a healthier and happier future
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE: EXPLORING THE FRONTIERS OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE
Authors: Ansari Alisha , Akhtar Wasim
Published: June 2024

The introductory chapters establish the bedrock of Biomedical Science, delineating its definition, scope, and distinctiveness in comparison to related disciplines like clinical medicine and bioengineering. Emphasizing its transformative role, the narrative underscores the significance of biomedical science in the continual enhancement of human health and the relentless pursuit of medical knowledge. The historical trajectory unfolds in subsequent chapters, weaving through ancient medical practices to the forefront of 21st-century discoveries. This historical panorama serves not only to contextualize the evolution of biomedical research but also to underscore the resilience of the scientific pursuit in unravelling the intricacies of life and disease. The foundational sciences of Biology and Chemistry take center stage, providing a comprehensive understanding of cellular structures, genetic processes, and biochemical interactions. These chapters lay the groundwork for navigating the complexities of the human body and appreciating the interconnectedness of biological and chemical phenomena. The exploration then delves into the genetic realm, where the nuances of genes, inheritance patterns, and genetic variations are dissected. This genetic lens illuminates its critical role in disease mechanisms, personalized medicine, and the promising frontier of targeted therapies. The narrative expands further to spotlight Biomarkers and their instrumental role in disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment. From molecular indicators to diagnostic imaging, this section showcases the diverse applications of biomarkers across medical disciplines, illustrating their transformative impact on healthcare. Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostic Techniques take the forefront in subsequent chapters, elucidating the principles and applications of diverse imaging modalities. From traditional X-rays to cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence in diagnostics, the evolving landscape of biomedical imaging is mapped, showcasing its instrumental role in modern medical diagnostics. The narrative arc concludes with a dedicated exploration of Ethical Considerations in Biomedical Science. This critical lens examines the ethical dimensions inherent in research, emphasizing the imperative of responsible conduct, participant protection, and ethical foresight in the face of emerging technologies.
PATHOLOGY
Authors: Taiyaba Mr.
Published: June 2024

Pathology is the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, development, and consequences. It is a crucial field in medicine, as it provides a deeper understanding of the nature of diseases and helps in their diagnosis, management, and prevention. Pathologists are medical doctors who specialize in this field and play a vital role in supporting other medical specialties through their expertise in disease analysis.
NICOTINE'S LONG -TERM EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND ITS EFFECTS ON EPIGENETICS
Authors: Samananda Singh Dr. Loushambam , Lyngdoh Waibiangki , Rajeevkumar Singh Yungkham , Binan Kmensiful , Debbarma Bimal , Roux Sumer Peter De
Published: June 2024

“Nicotine and tobacco use have been linked to several health problems, including a higher risk of developing and progressing diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, immune system modifications, lung illness, immune system delays, endocrine diseases, and changes in mental health Diabetes and behavioural issues are two of these issues. A growing body of evidence indicates that nicotine-induced epigenetic changes may be involved in mediating or influencing the emergence and development of several harmful health outcomes. Additionally, smoking alters epigenetic signalling, which makes people more vulnerable to illnesses and mental health issues throughout their entire lives. Nicotine has an impact on epigenetic signalling, which contributes to the development of these diseases and health problems.”
OPIUM AND ITS DERIVATIVES: ADDICTIVE AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Lyngdoh Waibiangki , Samananda Singh Loushambam , Binan Kmensiful , Roux Peter De , Debbarma Bimal
Published: June 2024

Opium, a highly addictive narcotic, is derived from the poppy plant. It has been used for millennia for its relaxing and pain-relieving properties. Opium, among other things, is a precursor of morphine, codeine, and heroin. Morphine, one of the most often used drugs in hospitals, is derived from opium. Codeine, another opiate, is commonly used as a cough suppressant. Opium is also used to manufacture heroin, one of the most dangerous drugs. Even while opium and its derivatives offer medicinal benefits, they are highly addictive and can cause serious health problems as well as addiction.
CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB. (AFTIMOON): A TRADITIONAL MIRACLE PLANT
Authors: Fatima Nikhat , Rehman Sumbul , Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Khan Mahmood
Published: June 2024

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., is a member of the Cuscutaceae/ Convolvulaceae family with a rich history of traditional use in various cultures across the world. For decades, it has been used in folk medicine for its diverse range of therapeutic properties.
HASTA UTTANASANA OR RAISED ARMS POSE AS LIFESTYLE FOR KYPHOSIS AFTER CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
Authors: Chakma Mr. Apu , Eraballi Dr. Amaravathi , Kumar Mr. Rupesh
Published: June 2024

Kyphosis is an abnormally rounded back with a lack of muscle power distribution in post-operative heart surgery patients. With the outpatient rehabilitation facility physiotherapy exercises, yoga asana, and postural education in daily life may cure and prevent the incidence of kyphosis. Specific asana and alignment techniques are lacking in the present integrative trend.
PERFORMANCE BASED ASSESSMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PAIN AND DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Iyer Dr. Sai
Published: June 2024

Since 1990, the global burden of disability associated with low back pain is increasing continuously in all the age groups. The disability rate was highest in the age 50-54 in 2019. Working age group (20-65 years) people had the highest burden of disability about 70%. The prevalence and people living with LBP have been increasing continuously until the age of 80-89 years the greatest number of people with LBP globally are currently in the 50-54 year age group. Global Burden of Disease studies have defined LBP as “pain in the posterior aspect of the body from the lower margin of the twelve ribs to the lower gluteal folds with or without pain referred into one of the lower limbs that last for at least one day. Persistence of pain/symptoms for more than 3 months is defined as chronic. Appropriate tools for measuring mobility and activities of daily living was recently characterized as a priority for research by an international task force on back pain. Timed tests of activities such as walking, sit-tostand task, and repeated trunk flexion have been examined in patients with back pain and shown to have what we consider acceptable reliability, and to be sensitive to change over time. Decreased mobility of the trunk often is considered a Manifestation of low back pain includes decreased mobility of trunk and limitations of activities like, bending, twisting, stooping, crouching, lifting, dressing, picking up objects from floor. Research states that performance based tests used in patients with low back pain is used in determining functioning and activity limitations. The most common outcome measure used in chronic low back pain is ODI, a self-reported questionnaire.
SHOULDER ACTIVITY LEVEL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PAIN, DISABIITY AND QUALITY OF SLEEP IN PATIENTS WTH CHRONIC SHOULDER PAIN
Authors: Iyer Dr. Sai
Published: June 2024

According to International study of association of pain “Shoulder pain is characterized symptoms in the structures involved in shoulder motions like joints, tendons, bursa, muscles. If shoulder condition is present for more than three months it is defined as chronic. Rotator cuff disorders, adhesive capsulitis, glenohumoral arthritis and instability are the common chronic shoulder disorders. Chronic shoulder pain/ disorder are prevalent in both working and general public. It is the third most common orthopedic disorder after low back pain and neck pain. The occurrence and socioeconomic impact is 1%-67% in general population. Chronic shoulder disorders patients have pain, insomnia and disability. There is substantial socioeconomic burden in patients having chronic shoulder disorders. Chronic Shoulder pain is commonly responsible for causing disability and loss of work days. Poor outcomes with Chronic shoulder disorders result into Long term disability, higher pain intensity and loss of employment. Literature suggests that reduced quality of life and health status assessed through (SF-36 and WHO BREF) are associated with patients having chronic shoulder pain. Shoulder pain results into significant burden to the health care system. Physical Activity plays a key role in decreasing pain,maintaining and improving mobility of Shoulder Joint and thereby improving the quality of sleep in patients with chronic shoulder pain.
DYNAMICITY OF HOMOEOPATHY IN OBSTETRIC DISORDERS WITH CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
Authors: Suresh Kabra Dr. Anand , Brijmohan Mundra Dr. Archana
Published: June 2024

Homoeopathy in Obstetrics is much unexplored as the number of Obstetric patients approaching homeopathic physicians for treatment is far less reason being lack of knowledge among the patients as well as practitioners about the effectivity of homeopathic medicines in such cases. Homeopathy is a science based on Laws of Nature where life force is stimulated by potentised homeopathic medicines to address to the inner dynamic derangements and bring about cure. This holds true for all individuals of all age groups, genders, ethnicities and beyond. Likewise, it is also applicable to the in-vivo fetus as it is a part of this very same nature. In this chapter, we have attempted to share our knowledge and experience in this unexplored area of Obstetrics to reveal to the world the effectivity and utility of homoeopathic medicines in Obstetrics and to inspire more Obstetricians and homoeopathic physicians to positively and confidently approach Obstetric cases and help relieve the anxieties of suffering to-be parents.
LASER THE LIGHT IN DERMATOLOGY, ADVANCEMENTS, AND LIMITATIONS - A REVIEW
Authors: Kodwani Sejal , Kandwal Rishabh Singh
Published: June 2024

Laser technologies allow for correcting almost every skin condition. In dermatology, in recent years we have seen lasers evolving and their uses are also broadly expanding in a vast spectrum. It is used in many skin conditions from reversing the aging of the skin to treating skin conditions like pigmentation, scars, and vascular skin lesions, It is also seen for the use of permanent hair removal for unwanted hair in hirsutism and PCOD in girls, another quite common use is in tattoo removal. Since Laser is a noninvasive process it is seen that the use is very common and it's mostly for cosmetic use like skin rejuvenation to skin brightening and the demand is also markedly increasing. So far we have seen pretty low side effects and good silhouette yet we see many limitations along with advancements. In this review, the article brings out the principle, application, and advancements of Laser technology in dermatology along with an emphasis on their limitations.
GASTRO-INTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Singh Bedi Dr. Gurkaran , Saha Dr. Ashis Kumar
Published: June 2024

With the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide, the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) complications associated with diabetes is on the rise. These complications are often linked to poor glycemic control and are more prevalent in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gastrointestinal conditions caused by diabetes include esophageal involvement, gastroparesis, and diabetic enteropathy. Esophageal complications manifest as dyspepsia, heartburn, and difficulty in swallowing due to diabetic neuropathy affecting autonomic nerves. Gastroparesis, characterized by delayed gastric emptying, leads to symptoms such as abdominal fullness, nausea, and vomiting. Diabetic enteropathy results in intestinal abnormalities, causing diarrhea, constipation, or fecal incontinence, particularly in individuals with gastroparesis. The pathophysiology of these conditions involves impaired vagal control, loss of normal migrating motor complexes, and damage to the interstitial cells of Cajal. Diagnostic evaluations include patient history, physical examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and various tests such as antro-duodenal manometry and gastric emptying scintigraphy. Treatment strategies aim to rule out other causes, control weight, correct nutritional deficiencies, and alleviate symptoms. Gastroprokinetic drugs, ghrelin agonists, and medications like erythromycin are employed in managing gastroparesis. Diabetic enteropathy treatment focuses on symptom relief, fluid correction, nutritional improvement, and glycemic control, with antimicrobial agents like rifaximin proving effective. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is another common complication in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high body mass index. It presents with elevated hepatic transaminase levels and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and liver biopsy. Treatment includes gradual weight loss, blood glucose control, and pharmacologic interventions such as metformin and pioglitazone. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in individuals with hepatitis C infection, and certain oral hypoglycemics may pose hepatotoxic risks, especially in patients with liver disease. Additionally, diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence of idiopathic hemochromatosis, emphasizing the importance of screening for this condition in individuals with abnormal liver function tests or a family history of iron overload. Overall, understanding and addressing the gastro-intestinal manifestations of diabetes are crucial for comprehensive diabetes management.
A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LITERATURE
Authors: Soni Kumari , Barkane Vinay
Published: June 2024

Social science research (SSR) is in constant growth, yet it faces significant challenges that hinder its full potential and effectiveness. SSR, being inherently a human endeavor, encompasses a wide range of methodologies and grapples with authorship issues that are central to maintaining the credibility of research findings. As researchers continually strive to improve their research practices and methodologies, it becomes crucial to address challenges such as falsification, plagiarism, improper research methods, and errors in data analysis whenever they arise. Additionally, concerns persist regarding unethical behavior and dishonesty within SSR. This study substantially contributes to the existing knowledge pool by providing up-to-date insights and advocating for the allocation of resources to support social science researchers in enhancing the quality of their research outcomes. To gain wider recognition in the field, this article proposes that all stakeholders collaborate to continuously improve tools and processes, all while steadfastly adhering to the highest standards of integrity in the practice of SSR.
INTRODUCTION OF FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN CHEMICAL MATERIAL SCIENCES & NANO TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jyoti , Roy Subhasis
Published: June 2024

"Science and technology revolutionize our lives, but memory, tradition, and myth frame our response." - Arthur M. Schlesinger. Rapid, astounding advancements continue to impact the future of humanity. These disciplines have become critical in various industries, from electronics and medicine to energy and environmental sustainability. Scientists and researchers are discovering pioneering trends that have the potential to revolutionize our world in ways we could never have anticipated. This book digs into future chemical material sciences and nanotechnology trends, evaluating the creative concepts and technologies poised to impact our future. The pursuit of effective energy storage is changing the green energy landscape, from next-generation lithium-ion batteries to innovative advancements including solid-state, reduction in the cost of pure water, quantum caged atoms, self-healing nanomaterials, micro-sensors, and metal-air batteries.