bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐feature data mining for CT image recognition
Authors: Yong‐lian Luo
Published: August 2018

Recognition method of CT images based on color, morphology, and texture is inaccurate and unreliable recently. Therefore, a medical image recognition method based on data mining is proposed with a multi‐feature fusion in this paper. First, image acquisition method is determined by analyzing the environment of CT image recognition. Then, acquired CT image is standardized and whitened to reduce redundant information. Moreover, based on feature of the color, texture, and height in preprocessed CT images, a deep neural network is trained by using a large amount of image data in normal scene. The deep learning classifier is fine‐tuned by using the marked multi‐feature CT image data. Finally, output recognition result is obtained according to the classification decision threshold. Experimental results show that the correct recognition rate of the proposed method can reach more than 98%. The accuracy rate is higher and the stability of proposed method is better by comparing with traditional CT image recognition methods.
A systematic review of non‐genetic predictors and genetic factors of glycated haemoglobin in type 1 diabetes one year after diagnosis
Authors: Gloaguen Emilie , Bendelac Nathalie , Nicolino Marc , Julier Cécile , Mathieu Flavie
Published: August 2018

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic βcells. Although all T1D patients require daily administration of exogenous insulin, their insulin requirement to achieve good glycaemic control may vary significantly. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level represents a stable indicator of glycaemic control and is a reliable predictor of long‐term complications of T1D. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the role of non‐genetic predictors and genetic factors of HbA1c level in T1D patients after the first year of T1D, to exclude the honeymoon period. A total of 1974 articles published since January 2011 were identified and 78 were finally included in the analysis of non‐genetic predictors. For genetic factors, a total of 277 articles were identified and 14 were included. The most significantly associated factors with HbA1c level are demographic (age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), personal (family characteristics, parental care, psychological traits...) and features related to T1D (duration of T1D, adherence to treatment …). Only a few studies have searched for genetic factors influencing HbA1c level, most of which focused on candidate genes using classical genetic statistical methods, with generally limited power and incomplete adjustment for confounding factors and multiple testing. Our review shows the complexity of explaining HbA1c level variations, which involves numerous correlated predictors. Overall, our review underlines the lack of studies investigating jointly genetic and non‐genetic factors and their interactions to better understand factors influencing glycaemic control for T1D patients.
EPB tunnelling through clay‐sand mixed soils: Proposed methodology for clogging evaluation
Authors: de Oliveira Daniela Garroux G. , Thewes Markus , Diederichs Mark S. , Langmaack Lars
Published: August 2018

The clogging of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) tools by soils has long been investigated, owing to the numerous difficulties arising in shield tunnelling as a result. Its occurrence leads to operation delays owing to the frequent and lengthy interventions required to unblock the soil stuck to the excavation tools and screw conveyor. Several authors have proposed laboratory tests for evaluating the clogging potential, however, those include limitations, such as not considering the clay fraction in a soil. One of these methods is the empirical stickiness evaluation, whereby a mixer and a beater are used to define a clogging evaluation parameter. Following an extended test campaign using soils with different clay contents and minerals, it became clear that this method was not adequate to provide reliable information regarding the tendency of a soil to clog in a tunnel drive. A new device was then implemented, which adds to the first method a kinetic energy impulse via dropping of the beater from a certain height. This combination of methods could provide a reasonable approximation of the potential for clogging to occur along Earth Pressure Balance Machine (EPB) tunnel drives. This paper presents the results of the proposed combined methodology for clogging evaluation, as well as the research evolution that led to the addition of the beater dropping stage.
Emricasan (IDN‐6556) Lowers Portal Pressure in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis and Severe Portal Hypertension
Authors: Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Fuchs Michael , Shiffman Mitchell , Borg Brian B. , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos , Shetty Kirti , Gallegos‐Orozco Juan F. , Reddy K. Rajender , Feyssa Eyob , Chan Jean L. , Yamashita Mason , Robinson James M. , Spada Alfred P. , Hagerty David T. , Bosch Jaime
Published: August 2018

Caspases play a central role in apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. They produce hemodynamically active, proinflammatory microparticles that cause intrahepatic inflammation, vasoconstriction, and extrahepatic splanchnic vasodilation. Emricasan is a pan‐caspase inhibitor that lowers portal hypertension (PH) and improves survival in murine models of cirrhosis. This exploratory study assessed whether emricasan lowers PH in patients with compensated cirrhosis. This multicenter, open‐label study enrolled 23 subjects with compensated cirrhosis and PH (hepatic vein pressure gradient [HVPG] >5 mm Hg). Emricasan 25 mg twice daily was given for 28 days. HVPG measurements were standardized and performed before and after emricasan. A single expert read all HVPG tracings. Median age was 59 (range 49‐80); 70% were male. Cirrhosis etiologies were nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C virus. Subjects were Child class A (87%) with a median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score of 8 (range 6‐15). Twelve had severe PH (HVPG ≥12 mm Hg). Overall, there was no significant change in HVPG after emricasan (mean [standard deviation, SD] –1.1 [4.57] mm Hg). HVPG decreased significantly (mean [SD] –3.7[4.05] mm Hg; P = 0.003) in those with severe PH: 4/12 had a ≥20% decrease, 8/12 had a ≥10% decrease, and 2/12 HVPG decreased below 12 mm Hg. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased significantly in the entire group and in those with severe PH. Serum cleaved cytokeratin 18 and caspase‐3/7 decreased significantly. Emricasan was well tolerated. One subject discontinued for nonserious adverse events. Conclusion: Emricasan administered for 28 days decreased HVPG in patients with compensated cirrhosis and severe PH; an effect upon portal venous inflow is likely, and concomitant decreases in AST/ALT suggest an intrahepatic anti‐inflammatory effect.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Japanese Subjects With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Osawa Mayu , Ueno Takayo , Ishikawa Hiroki , Imai Yasuhiko , Garimella Tushar
Published: August 2018

Daclatasvir is a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, and asunaprevir is a nonstructural protein 3 protease inhibitor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2014, the combination therapy of daclatasvir and asunaprevir received the first global approval in Japan as the first nonribavirin, all‐oral therapy for HCV treatment. The population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of daclatasvir and asunaprevir were characterized by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling using 3801 and 2626 concentration data from 336 and 265 Japanese HCV subjects, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of daclatasvir and asunaprevir were described by a 1‐compartment model. Parameter estimates (interindividual variability) of daclatasvir apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of the central compartment (V/F) were 5.29 L/h (39.4%) and 64.2 L (38.1%). The effects of all statistically significant covariates on daclatasvir PK parameters were within or overlapped the 80% to 125% boundaries, suggesting a lack of clinical relevance. Parameter estimates (interindividual variability) of asunaprevir CL/F and V/F were 52.1 L/h (41.5%) and 75.1 L (93.4%), respectively. Baseline and time‐varying aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cirrhosis on CL/F and formulation (soft‐gel capsule or tablet) on F were included as significant covariates in the asunaprevir popPK model. The effects of all covariates exceeded the 80% to 125% boundaries, indicating that the asunaprevir soft‐gel capsule had higher bioavailability than the tablet and that asunaprevir exposure increased with cirrhosis and increasing baseline and time‐varying AST values. The popPK models adequately described the PK profiles of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in Japanese HCV subjects.
Pyroaurite‐based MgFe mixed oxides and their activity in aldol condensation of furfural with acetone: effect of oxide composition
Authors: Kocík Jaroslav , Frolich Karel , Perková Ilona , Horáček Jan
Published: August 2018

Background

Pyroaurite‐based MgFe oxides with varying Mg:Fe ratio were studied. The structural and acido‐basic properties were examined by number of experimental techniques. The oxide properties were correlated with the catalytic activity in aldol condensation of furfural with acetone.

Results

Well‐developed mesoporous structure was detected for all oxides. Peculiar continuous increase of concentration of basic sites and population of unsaturated strong basic O2− sites was observed with the rising amount of magnesium in the MgFe oxide matrix. A relatively higher concentration of Lewis acid Men+ sites was shown for low Mg:Fe ratios. Unambiguous correlation between conversion of furfural and the density of strong basic sites was proved by combined catalytic and statistical analysis. The contribution of other basic sites was found significantly less important. The impact of both acid and basic sites on the composition of reaction products was discussed.

Conclusions

MgFe oxides revealed good catalytic performance in the aldol condensation of furfural with acetone where samples with a high Mg:Fe ratio were significantly more basic and had relatively enhanced furfural conversion (nominal Mg:Fe ratio 10; furfural conversion 88% and selectivity to F2Ac 34%; reaction conditions: batch reactor; 50 °C; acetone/furfural = 10 mol L–1). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Music intervention improves spatial learning and memory and alters serum proteomics profiling in rats
Authors: Xiong Xiaofan , Han Lin , Liu Siyuan , Miao Jiyu , Luo Mai , Xue Meng , Wang Xiaofei , Ni Lei , Yang Juan , Huang Chen
Published: August 2018

Music has a long history of healing or mitigating physical and mental illness in the clinical setting. We aimed to test changes in behavioral cognition and serum proteomics in rats undergoing music intervention (MI). The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory in rats. Serum protein expression profiling was examined using magnetic bead‐based matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). MI improved spatial learning and memory in both male and female rats. Peak 1708.61 (m/z values) was significantly increased in MI females vs. female controls. Peak 3925.09 (m/z values) was significantly reduced in MI males versus male controls. The two differential serum peptide peaks (m/z values: 1708.61, 3925.09) were further sequence identified as regions of proteins Desmin and Acsm1. Western blot and immunofluorescence testing of Desmin expression showed consistent results on proteomics analysis. MI plays an important role in behavioral cognition and protein expression in rats. This study provides a foundation in proteomics that suggests that MI might improve spatial learning and memory ability.
The strength of flowering–temperature relationship and preseason length affect temperature sensitivity of first flowering date across space
Authors: Xu Yunjia , Wang Huanjiong , Ge Quansheng , Wu Chaoyang , Dai Junhu
Published: August 2018

Temperature sensitivity (ST) of phenology, defined as the shift of phenophase with per unit change of preseason temperature, has been widely used to quantify phenological response to climate change. The spatial variation in ST of spring phenology has been well studied for several woody plants, but how to explain it became a challenge. Several hypotheses to explain the spatial variation in ST have been proposed, but studies examining all potential factors together were very limited. In this study, using first flowering date (FFD) data for five widespread woody plants at 47 stations in China and the other five species at 421 stations in central Europe during 1964–2014, we calculated ST by using the Sen's slope of FFD on mean preseason temperature for each species at each station. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was applied to examining whether ST followed the geographical (latitudinal, longitudinal, or vertical) gradients. At last, four potential influencing factors of ST were tested by Spearman partial correlation analysis. We found that ST of FFD was higher at lower latitude for most species in China. However, in central Europe, the variation of ST did not follow the geographical gradient for most species. Only one species (Fraxinus excelsior) showed a latitudinal gradient, and one (Betula pendula) showed a longitudinal gradient. For most species in both regions, the strength of FFD–temperature relationship and the preseason length could account for the spatial variation of ST to a more considerable extent compared to preseason temperature variance and chilling conditions. Our results suggest that we need to consider the effects of multiple factors on phenological response to temperature when simulating future phenological change.
Release of multifunctional peptides from kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) protein under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Vilcacundo Rubén , Martínez‐Villaluenga Cristina , Miralles Beatriz , Hernández‐Ledesma Blanca
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The multifactorial origin of many chronic diseases provides a new framework for the development of multifunctional foods. In this study, the effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) proteins on the release of multifunctional peptides was evaluated.

RESULTS

Gastric digest showed higher angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity while 60 min gastroduodenal digest showed the highest antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV), α‐amylase and Caco‐2 cell viability inhibitory activities. Peptides >5 kDa were more effective in inhibiting colon cancer cell viability, whereas peptides <5 kDa were mainly responsible for the antioxidant, ACE, DPP‐IV and α‐amylase inhibitory activities. Thirteen peptides from amaranth sequenced proteins were identified. Structure–activity relationship analysis of the identified sequences pointed to three amaranth fragments, namely FLISCLL, SVFDEELS and DFIILE, as potential peptides able to concurrently exert antioxidant capacity and ability to inhibit both ACE and α‐amylase.

CONCLUSIONS

Five of thirteen peptides identified in kiwicha protein digests show high potential to exert multifunctional properties. Thus kiwicha proteins might start to gain importance as ingredients for functional foods for the prevention and/or management of chronic diseases related to oxidative stress, hypertension and/or diabetes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multicomponent Reactions and Multicomponent Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Sequence‐Controlled Polymers
Authors: Zhang Ze , You Yezi , Hong Chunyan
Published: August 2018

Control over the monomer sequence during polymerization has attracted great attention in polymer science, but it remains a serious challenge. Recently, multicomponent reactions have been playing a significant role in the synthesis of sequence‐controlled polymers due to their inherent advantage of combining three or more starting materials in time‐saving, one‐pot operations to afford complex microstructures. In this feature article, the recent representative developments in the synthesis of sequence‐controlled polymers by multicomponent reactions are highlighted to give insight on the design of novel sequence‐controlled polymers with sufficient molecular diversity and complexity. The main part of this article is divided into three sections according to the different polymerization strategies using multicomponent reactions: direct multicomponent polymerization, multicomponent cascade polymerization, and iterative multicomponent reaction, respectively. It is anticipated that this feature article may provide some guidance for the fabrication of sequence‐controlled polymers by multicomponent reactions.
The optimal choice of internal decision‐making structures in a network industry: A multiproduct monopoly case
Authors: Toshimitsu Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2018

Focusing on the role of network compatibility effects between products of a multiproduct monopoly and on the form of consumer expectation for network sizes, we consider the optimal choice of internal decision‐making structures, that is, centralization and decentralization, and its welfare effect in a network industry. We demonstrate that if the degree of network compatibility effects is sufficiently large, the decentralized decision making is socially optimal. However, in the case of consumer ex post expectations, it is optimal for the firm's owners to choose the centralized decision making. We apply the model to the cases of price‐setting games, complementary products, and negative network externalities to examine the optimal choice of internal decision‐making structures.
Solitary wave solution and conservation laws of higher dimensional Zakharov‐Kuznetsov equation with nonlinear self‐adjointness
Authors: Ali Muhammad Nasir , Husnine Syed Muhammad , Ak Turgut , Atangana Abdon
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we consider (1 + n)‐dimensional Zakharov‐Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for nonlinear self‐adjointness and symmetries. It is proved that the equation is nonlinearly self‐adjoint and its symmetries are computed. The conservation laws are obtained by using new general conservation theorem of Ibragimov for (1 + n)‐dimension and particularly for (1 + 3)‐dimensional ZK equation. Multiplier method is also used to find more conservation laws for (1 + 3)‐dimensional ZK equation and symmetry reduction technique is used to calculate the solitary wave solution.
Mixing Effects in Continuous Free‐Radical Solution Copolymerization Tank Reactors: I—Characterization of Residence Time Distributions
Authors: Oechsler Bruno F. , Poblete Israel B.S. , Melo Príamo A. , Pinto José C.
Published: August 2018

The residence time distributions (RTDs) of continuous solution copolymerization tank reactors connected in series are evaluated experimentally to analyze features related to the fluid dynamics of this class of reactors. For this purpose, tracer step experiments are carried out in lab‐scale polymerization tank reactors to provide experimental data for analysis of the quality of mixing and evaluate associated macromixing effects. Besides, mathematical models are developed to describe the RTD data obtained experimentally. Based on a compartmental approach, perfect mixing tanks, tanks with stagnant zones, tanks with crossflow, and tanks in series with backflow models were proposed. Particularly, the analysis of the available experimental data and of mathematical models indicate that the flow features of these systems are strongly associated with the established degree of mixing, presenting significant non‐ideal flow behavior, usually neglected in most modeling and experimental studies.
Air Exposure, Fight Times, and Deep-Hooking Rates of Steelhead Caught in Idaho Fisheries
Authors: Chiaramonte Luciano V. , Meyer Kevin A. , Whitney Don W. , McCormick Joshua L.
Published: August 2018

Potential effects of air exposure and fight times on fish caught and released by anglers have been increasingly studied in recent years, yet little is known about how long anglers actually fight the fish and expose them to air before releasing them. In the present study, air exposure and fight times were measured for anglers catching and releasing fish in popular steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fisheries in Idaho, and other relevant factors were also recorded such as fishing gear (fly or nonfly), occurrence of anglers photographing their catch, landing method (with net or by hand), and whether the fish was hooked deeply. A total of 432 steelhead were observed being landed, from which 395 fight times and 251 air exposure times were recorded. The longest interval of air exposure for all steelhead caught and released averaged 28.1 s (95% CI, 25.9–31.3 s), and the vast majority of anglers (88%) held steelhead out of water for less than 60 s. Air exposure was not significantly different by gear type but was estimated to be 1.69 times longer if the angler took a photo of their catch; anglers using flies were 58% more likely to photograph their catch than nonfly anglers. Fight time averaged 130 s (95% CI, 119.3–140.7 s) and differed significantly by gear type, with fly anglers taking an estimated 1.54 times longer to land fish than nonfly anglers. Deep-hooking rates were 0% for fly and bait and/or jig terminal tackle and 1% for lures. In the context of previous studies that have measured postrelease mortality of caught-and-released salmonids, the effects of these fight and air exposure times and deep-hooking rates in Idaho steelhead fisheries are likely negligible.
Does assessing urethral function allow the selection of the optimal therapy for recurrent SUI? Report from the ICI‐RS 2017
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Thiagamoorthy Ganesh , Ford Abigail , Araklitis George , Giarenis Ilias , Cardozo Linda
Published: August 2018

Aims

The management of recurrent stress urinary incontinence following failed previous continence surgery remains challenging. Whilst the role of urodynamic investigations has been questioned in the management of primary stress incontinence there is a widely held view that women with recurrent symptoms require further investigation although there is no agreement regarding which tests are required. We sought to understand what testing is recommended prior to managing this difficult cohort of patients.

Method

This research proposal was presented at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) in order to clarify our current knowledge regarding the assessment of urethral function and to set research priorities for the future.

Results

Whilst the majority of clinicians would advocate urodynamic evaluation of women with recurrent stress incontinence following previous surgery there is no consensus of opinion as to which tests should be performed, on whom or where. The available evidence to date suggests that urethral function tests do have a role with regard to prognosis following surgery and also in planning the most appropriate surgical intervention.

Conclusion

The ICI‐RS developed a list of research questions which may be able to assist in improving the investigation and management of women with recurrent SUI. Questions included whether patients felt the information gained via urethral function tests had an important role in their counseling regarding outcome of repeat SUI surgery.
Effects of spirodiclofen on life history traits and population growth of a spider mite predator Oligota flavicornis (Coleoptera: Staphyllinidae) based on the age‐stage two‐sex life table theory
Authors: Lin Tao , You Yong , Zeng Zhao‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Xin , Chi Hsin , Xia Jin-Mei , Zhao Jian‐Wei , Chen Yong , Tian Hou‐Jun , Wei Hui
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Knowledge of the compatibility between spirodiclofen and the predator Oligota flavicornis is an important aspect for the management of spider mites.

RESULTS

We used the age‐stage, two‐sex life table to assess the effects of spirodiclofen on the life history traits and population growth of O. flavicornis. At the maximum recommended concentration (60 mg a.i. L−1) and also at twice the maximum recommended dosage (120 mg a.i. L−1), the preadult stages of O. flavicornis were significantly lengthened, while the adult longevity and fecundity decreased significantly. The finite rate (λ), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and net reproduction rate (R0) decreased, while the mean generation time (T) was longer after both the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L−1 treatments than it was in the control and 30 mg a.i. L−1 treatments. Life expectancy and reproductive value were higher in the control and 30 mg a.i. L−1 treatment than in the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L−1 treatments; the two higher concentrations were detrimental to the development of O. flavicornis.

CONCLUSION

A proper combination of the O. flavicornis and spirodiclofen to control the spider mite, while avoiding the side effect of spirodiclofen, could be achieved based on the knowledge of life tables. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lanthanide Doped Near Infrared Active Upconversion Nanophosphors: Fundamental Concepts, Synthesis Strategies, and Technological Applications
Authors: Lingeshwar Reddy Kumbam , Balaji Ramachandran , Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata
Published: August 2018

Near infrared (NIR) light utilization in a range of current technologies has gained huge significance due to its abundance in nature and nondestructive properties. NIR active lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanomaterials synthesized in controlled shape, size, and surface functionality can be combined with various pertinent materials for extensive applications in diverse fields. Upconversion nanophosphors (UCNP) possess unique abilities, such as deep tissue penetration, enhanced photostability, low toxicity, sharp emission peaks, long anti‐Stokes shift, etc., which have bestowed them with prodigious advantages over other conventional luminescent materials. As new generation fluorophores, UCNP have found a wide range of applications in various fields. In this Review, a comprehensive overview of lanthanide doped NIR active UCNP is provided by discussing the fundamental concepts including the different mechanisms proposed for explaining the upconversion processes, followed by the different strategies employed for the synthesis of these materials, and finally the technological applications of UCNP, mainly in the fields of bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and photocatalysis by highlighting the recent works in these areas. In addition, a brief note on the applications of UCNP in other fields is also provided along with the summary and future perspectives of these materials.
High Areal Capacity Li‐Ion Storage of Binder‐Free Metal Vanadate/Carbon Hybrid Anode by Ion‐Exchange Reaction
Authors: Zhou Chengshuang , Lu Jiamin , Hu Mingxiang , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Lv Ruitao
Published: August 2018

Storing more energy in a limited device area is very challenging but crucial for the applications of flexible and wearable electronics. Metal vanadates have been regarded as a fascinating group of materials in many areas, especially in lithium‐ion storage. However, there has not been a versatile strategy to synthesize flexible metal vanadate hybrid nanostructures as binder‐free anodes for Li‐ion batteries so far. A convenient and versatile synthesis of MxVyOx+2.5y@carbon cloth (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) composites is proposed here based on a two‐step hydrothermal route. As‐synthesized products demonstrate hierarchical proliferous structure, ranging from nanoparticles (0D), and nanobelts (1D) to a 3D interconnected network. The metal vanadate/carbon hybrid nanostructures exhibit excellent lithium storage capability, with a high areal specific capacity up to 5.9 mAh cm−2 (which equals to 1676.8 mAh g−1) at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Moreover, the nature of good flexibility, mixed valence states, and ultrahigh mass loading density (over 3.5 mg cm−2) all guarantee their great potential in compact energy storage for future wearable devices and other related applications.
Effect of Different Intercritical Annealing Treatments without and with Overaging on the Mechanical Material Behavior
Authors: Wolf Lars Oliver , Cordebois Jean‐Pierre , Rodman Dmytro , Nürnberger Florian , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: August 2018

In the last decade, press‐hardening of manganese‐boron steels for the manufacturing of safety‐relevant components has become a well‐established industrial process. Thereby, very high strengths are achieved with pure martensitic microstructures. However, in certain areas of the car body structure more ductile components are necessary to absorb crash energy. For tailoring the material properties, two‐ or multiphase microstructures can be induced by rolling and heat treatment processes. The press‐hardening steel 22MnB5 which is employed in the present study, is used to manufacture three different ferritic‐martensitic microstructures. These different materials are characterized by classical mechanical models, based on experimental results. For the mechanical description of the initial yield stress depending on the stress state of different multiphase steels, the Hill model is calibrated. The elastic limit and the kinematic hardening of three various heat treatment conditions are determined using conventional tensile tests and the Galimel test, respectively. Therefore, the applied mathematical relations are derived and adapted for the performed investigations. The relationship between the load conditions and the proper application of the equations are explained. The resulting microstructures are characterized and the ramifications with respect to their energy absorption capability are discussed.
Fuzzy sliding mode control based on PSO for magnetic levitation positioning stage
Authors: Zhang Shansi , Ma Shuyuan , Song Ningran , Zhang Zongqing
Published: August 2018

Magnetic levitation system with its advantages of no contact, no friction, and no abrasion can easily realize high‐precision and high‐speed positioning. This paper, first, introduces the structure of the magnetic levitation stage. Then its dynamic model with uncertainty and external disturbance is given, from which it can be seen that magnetic levitation system is highly nonlinear and strongly coupled. So, exact feedback linearization is applied to realize linearization and decoupling in the horizontal and vertical subsystems. Sliding mode controllers with variable switching gains, which are regulated according to fuzzy logic for the two subsystems, are designed. Particle swarm optimization with adaptive inertia weight regulation is used to find the optimum value of the quantification factor and scaling factor of the fuzzy logic system for both the horizontal and vertical direction. Simulation results show that this control method can achieve good dynamic performance with no overshoot and fast response and it can also offset the uncertainty and disturbance more effectively than controllers without the corresponding compensation. Moreover, the decreasing switching gains of the sliding mode controllers are presented, which contributes to reducing the chattering. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neck posture monitoring system based on image detection and smartphone sensors using the prolonged usage classification concept
Authors: Lawanont Worawat , Inoue Masahiro , Mongkolnam Pornchai , Nukoolkit Chakarida
Published: August 2018

Since the beginning of the smartphone era, the number of smartphone users has increased dramatically. Consequently, several aspects of their use have provoked concerns from researchers. From a health‐related perspective, text neck syndrome is a consequence of excessive smartphone use. Therefore, we introduce a neck posture monitoring system to help prevent text neck syndrome in smartphone users. The system operates on smartphones using the embedded rotation vector sensors and the camera for image detection. Data from the sensors and camera are used to calculate the neck angle. The results of an experiment show that the calculation algorithm is not significantly different from the photogrammetric method, which was proposed earlier as a method to measure the neck angle from a side view image. In summary, we propose a system that includes the detection and classification of the user's neck posture to raise awareness and help promote better posture to prevent text neck syndrome among smartphone users. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A non-existence theorem for N > 16 supersymmetric AdS3 backgrounds
Authors: Haupt A. S. , Lautz S. , Papadopoulos G.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We show that there are no smooth warped AdS3 solutions in 10- and 11- dimensional supergravities which preserve strictly more than 16 supersymmetries and have internal space a compact without boundary manifold.
BFKL spectrum of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4: non-zero conformal spin
Authors: Alfimov Mikhail , Gromov Nikolay , Sizov Grigory
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We developed a general non-perturbative framework for the BFKL spectrum of planar$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM, based on the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC). It allows one to study the spectrum in the whole generality, extending previously known methods to arbitrary values of conformal spinn. We show how to apply our approach to reproduce all known perturbative results for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) Pomeron eigenvalue and get new predictions. In particular, we re-derived the Faddeev-Korchemsky Baxter equation for the Lipatov spin chain with non-zero conformal spin reproducing the corresponding BFKL kernel eigenvalue. We also get new non-perturbative analytic results for the Pomeron eigenvalue in the vicinity of |n| = 1,Δ = 0 point and we obtained an explicit formula for the BFKL intercept function for arbitrary conformal spin up to the 3-loop order in the small coupling expansion and partial result at the 4-loop order. In addition, we implemented the numerical algorithm of [1] as an auxiliary file to this arXiv submission. From the numerical result we managed to deduce an analytic formula for the strong coupling expansion of the intercept function for arbitrary conformal spin.
Precise prediction of the MSSM Higgs boson masses for low MA
Authors: Bahl Henning , Hollik Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Precise predictions for Higgs boson masses in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model can be obtained by combining fixed-order calculations with effective field theory (EFT) methods for the resummation of large logarithms in case of heavy super-partners. This hybrid approach is implemented in the computer code FeynHiggs and has been applied in previous studies for calculating the mass of the lightest

$$ \mathcal{C}\mathcal{P} $$

C
P

-even Higgs boson for low, intermediate and high SUSY scales. In these works it was assumed that the non-standard Higgs bosons share a common mass scale with the supersymmetric squark particles, leaving the Standard Model as the low-energy EFT. In this article, we relax this restriction and report on the implemention of a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (THDM) as effective theory below the SUSY scale into our hybrid approach. We explain in detail how our EFT calculation is consistently combined with the fixed-order calculation within the code FeynHiggs. In our numerical investigation we find effects on the mass of the lightest

$$ \mathcal{C}\mathcal{P} $$

C
P

-even Higgs boson h of up to 9GeV in scenarios with low M

A
, low tan β and high SUSY scales, when compared with previous versions of FeynHiggs. Comparisons to other publicly available pure EFT codes with a THDM show good agreement. Effects on the mass of the second lightest

$$ \mathcal{C}\mathcal{P} $$

C
P

-even Higgs boson H are found to be negligible in the phenomenologically interesting parameter regions where H can be traded for h as the experimentally observed Higgs particle.
Transient Rheological Behavior of Semisolid SEED-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloys in Rapid Compression
Authors: Bolouri Amir , Chen X.-Grant
Published: August 2018

The transient rheological behavior and microstructure evolution of semisolid SEED-processed 7075 aluminum alloys were studied using the rapid compression tests. The effects of the TiB2 grain refinement on the grain morphology and size of semisolid slurries were investigated. Results indicated that the grain refiner could reduce the grain size and improve the globularity of α-Al grains. The grain-refined alloy can be easily deformed at a wide range of solid contents (0.42 to 0.53 Fs), in which the deformation level appears to be independent from the solid content. Under the transient state, the apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate to a minimum value and followed by an increase as the shear rate decreased. The apparent viscosity of the base alloy exhibited a dependency on the solid content, while the apparent viscosity of the grain-refined alloy in the decreasing or increasing shear rate periods was not substantially influenced by the solid content. The viscosity as a function of applied shear rate can be described using the power law viscosity model. The differences in the flow behavior index (n) and the consistency index (k) for two alloys were discussed.
The Effect of Garlic Pills on Serum Nitric Oxide and Preeclampsia Prevention in Healthy Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sehhati Shafa’i Fahimeh , Darvishi Farzaneh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Mirghfourvand Mojgan
Published: August 2018

The present study aimed to determine the effect of garlic pills on serum nitric oxide and preeclampsia prevention in healthy nulliparous pregnant women. This randomized clinical trial was conducted among 215 nulliparous pregnant women. The participants were assigned into control and intervention groups. The intervention and control groups received garlic pills and placebo, respectively for 16 weeks from 20 week of gestation. Serum nitric oxide was measured 12 weeks after the intervention. Women were followed up for preeclampsia until childbirth in several visits. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences software. The mean (standard deviation) of serum nitric oxide level was 151.4 (73.1) μmol in the intervention group and 124.1 (44.1) μmol in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P≤=≤0.029). The prevalence of preeclampsia was 1 (1%) in the intervention group and 5 (5.2%) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P≤=≤0.094). The use of garlic pills has a significant effect on the elevation of serum nitric oxide levels. Despite the absence of significant statistical differences between the two groups, garlic pills in comparison with placebo reduced the incidence of preeclampsia.
Congenital bilateral trigger thumb in 3 years old girl: A case report
Authors: Huwae Thomas Erwin C.J. , Bastian Johan , Lukman Rudy
Published: August 2018

Highlights:
A Tale of Two Cities: Fundamental Rights Protection in Strasbourg and Luxembourg
Authors: O’LEARY Síofra
Published: August 2018

This article tackles questions relating to the interrelationship between the European Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as the roles of the two European courts charged with their interpretation and application, by way of two case studies. The cases chosen address two very different issues—surrogacy and the right to privacy and family life on the one hand, and religious freedom and the wearing of religious symbols in the workplace on the other. On the surrogacy issue the article refers to an Irish Supreme Court case as well as case law from the Strasbourg and Luxembourg courts to illustrate how limits to the jurisdiction of the two European courts is, or is not, clearly articulated and the legal tools used when addressing sensitive legal questions of this nature. As regards the wearing of religious symbols in the workplace, the article concentrates on cases originating in the United Kingdom and France which have been examined by the Strasbourg court and highlights the similarities and differences between that case law and recent judgments of the Luxembourg court, called on, for the first time, to tackle questions of discrimination on grounds of religion with reference to EU anti-discrimination directives and the provisions of the Charter on both equality and religious freedom.
How Mortgage-Backed Securities Became Bonds: The Emergence, Evolution, and Acceptance of Mortgage-Backed Securities in the United States, 1960–1987
Authors: VINOKUROVA NATALYA
Published: August 2018

This article documents the emergence, evolution, and acceptance of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) by bond investors in the United States between 1968 and 1987. Drawing on an analysis of trade publications, securities prospectuses, and business press, I argue that MBS issuers’ eventual success at convincing bond investors to accept their products is especially remarkable given that bond investors had rejected most types of MBS issued between 1970 and 1983. My analysis suggests that the acceptance of MBS as bonds was an outcome of two approaches employed by the MBS issuers: (1) changing the attributes of their products to make them more bond-like, and (2) changing the meaning of the bond category by opening its boundaries to products that incorporated mortgage features. These two approaches to changing investors’ beliefs to promote innovation acceptance may undergird the diffusion processes for other financial innovations. Understanding the process of innovation acceptance may be especially important because market participants have short memories. Forgetting the assumptions made during innovation–acceptance processes can bring unanticipated consequences of innovation adoption, such as financial crises.
Information Literacy in a Fake/False News World: An Overview of the Characteristics of Fake News and its Historical Development
Authors: Watson Carol A.
Published: August 2018

Prior to designing strategies and information literacy programs to combat the dissemination and proliferation of fake/false news, it is instructive for legal information professionals to understand the characteristics of fake news and the context of its historical development.
RELATIVELY EXCHANGEABLE STRUCTURES
Authors: CRANE HARRY , TOWSNER HENRY
Published: August 2018

We study random relational structures that are relatively exchangeable—that is, whose distributions are invariant under the automorphisms of a reference structure ${M}$. When ${M}$ is ultrahomogeneous and has trivial definable closure, all random structures relatively exchangeable with respect to $m$ satisfy a general Aldous–Hoover-type representation. If ${M}$ also satisfies the n-disjoint amalgamation property (n-DAP) for all $n \ge 1$, then relatively exchangeable structures have a more precise description whereby each component depends locally on ${M}$.
COMPUTABLE POLISH GROUP ACTIONS
Authors: MELNIKOV ALEXANDER , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO
Published: August 2018

Using methods from computable analysis, we establish a new connection between two seemingly distant areas of logic: computable structure theory and invariant descriptive set theory. We extend several fundamental results of computable structure theory to the more general setting of topological group actions. As we will see, the usual action of ${S_\infty }$ on the space of structures in a given language is effective in a certain algorithmic sense that we need, and ${S_\infty }$ itself carries a natural computability structure (to be defined). Among other results, we give a sufficient condition for an orbit under effective ${\cal G}$-action of a computable Polish ${\cal G}$ to split into infinitely many disjoint effective orbits. Our results are not only more general than the respective results in computable structure theory, but they also tend to have proofs different from (and sometimes simpler than) the previously known proofs of the respective prototype results.
CONSERVATIVITY OF ULTRAFILTERS OVER SUBSYSTEMS OF SECOND ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: MONTALBÁN ANTONIO , SHORE RICHARD A.
Published: August 2018

We extend the usual language of second order arithmetic to one in which we can discuss an ultrafilter over of the sets of a given model. The semantics are based on fixing a subclass of the sets in a structure for the basic language that corresponds to the intended ultrafilter. In this language we state axioms that express the notion that the subclass is an ultrafilter and additional ones that say it is idempotent or Ramsey. The axioms for idempotent ultrafilters prove, for example, Hindman’s theorem and its generalizations such as the Galvin--Glazer theorem and iterated versions of these theorems (IHT and IGG). We prove that adding these axioms to IHT produce conservative extensions of ACA0+IHT,${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$, ATR0,${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-CA0, and${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-CA0for all sentences of second order arithmetic and for full Z2for the class of${\rm{\Pi }}_4^1$sentences. We also generalize and strengthen a metamathematical result of Wang (1984) to show, for example, that any${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$theorem ∀X∃YΘ(X,Y) provable in ACA0or${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$there aree,k∈ ℕ such that ACA0or${\rm{ACA}}_{\rm{0}}^ +$proves that ∀X(Θ(X, Φe(J(k)(X))) where Φeis theeth Turing reduction andJ(k)is thekth iterate of the Turing or Arithmetic jump, respectively. (A similar result is derived for${\rm{\Pi }}_3^1$theorems of${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-CA0and the hyperjump.)
HAPPY AND MAD FAMILIES INL(ℝ)
Authors: NEEMAN ITAY , NORWOOD ZACH
Published: August 2018

We prove that, in the choiceless Solovay model, every set of reals isH-Ramsey for every happy familyHthat also belongs to the Solovay model. This gives a new proof of Törnquist’s recent theorem that there are no infinite mad families in the Solovay model. We also investigate happy families and mad families under determinacy, applying a generic absoluteness result to prove that there are no infinite mad families under$A{D^ + }$.
ABOUT SOME FIXED POINT AXIOMS AND RELATED PRINCIPLES IN KRIPKE–PLATEK ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: JÄGER GERHARD , STEILA SILVIA
Published: August 2018

Starting points of this article are fixed point axioms for set-bounded monotone Σ1 definable operators in the context of Kripke–Platek set theory $KP$. We analyze their relationship to other principles such as maximal iterations, bounded proper injections, and Σ1 subset-bounded separation. One of our main results states that in $KP + (V\, = \,L)$ all these principles are equivalent to Σ1 separation.
ABSTRACT INDUCTIVE AND CO-INDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS
Authors: CURI GIOVANNI
Published: August 2018

In [G. Curi, On Tarski’s fixed point theorem. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 143 (2015), pp. 4439–4455], a notion of abstract inductive definition is formulated to extend Aczel’s theory of inductive definitions to the setting of complete lattices. In this article, after discussing a further extension of the theory to structures of much larger size than complete lattices, as the class of all sets or the class of ordinals, a similar generalization is carried out for the theory of co-inductive definitions on a set. As a corollary, a constructive version of the general form of Tarski’s fixed point theorem is derived.