bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decision Model to Predict the Optimal Size of the Diversified Management Industry from the View of Profit Maximization and Coordination of Industrial Scale
Authors: Li Chong-Mao , Cui Tao , Nie Rui , Shan Yuli , Wang Juan , Qian Xiangyan
Published: April 2017

To avoid the risk of single and homogeneous development, China’s coal enterprises have explored a diversified development model and are actively developing coal-based industries such as electric power, coal chemical, coal equipment manufacturing, logistics, and building materials. In previous studies of the diversification strategy, the focus has been placed on the motivation for diversification, the measurement of diversification, and the relationship between diversification and enterprise performance. From an enterprise strategic decision, we predicted the optimal size of each industry by considering the limited enterprise capital, human resources, the synergetic relationship among industrial clusters (mainly the scale coordination), and policy factors. The optimal decision model for diversified industrial management was constructed using linear programming methods. The decision target was to maximize the enterprise’s profit, but to also consider the social and environmental benefits. One of the largest listed coal enterprises in China, China Coal Energy (also a typical diversified enterprise), was selected as a case for analysis. Data were collected from surveys and annual reports from 2010 to 2014. The optimal scales of coal, electric power, chemical, and equipment manufacturing were predicted, and could be used as a reference for future enterprise production decisions. Furthermore, this decision model can be used as a reference for other diversified enterprises.
A Search for Water Maser Emission from Brown Dwarfs and Low-luminosity Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Gómez José F. , Palau Aina , Uscanga Lucero , Manjarrez Guillermo , Barrado David
Published: April 2017

We present a survey for water maser emission toward a sample of 44 low-luminosity young objects, comprising (proto-)brown dwarfs, first hydrostatic cores (FHCs), and other young stellar objects (YSOs) with bolometric luminosities lower than 0.4 L
⊙. Water maser emission is a good tracer of energetic processes, such as mass-loss and/or accretion, and is a useful tool to study these processes with very high angular resolution. This type of emission has been confirmed in objects with L
bol ≳ 1 L
⊙. Objects with lower luminosities also undergo mass-loss and accretion, and thus, are prospective sites of maser emission. Our sensitive single-dish observations provided a single detection when pointing toward the FHC L1448 IRS 2E. However, follow-up interferometric observations showed water maser emission associated with the nearby YSO L1448 IRS 2 (a Class 0 protostar of L
bol ≃ 3.6–5.3 L
⊙) and did not find any emission toward L1448 IRS 2E. The upper limits for water maser emission determined by our observations are one order of magnitude lower than expected from the correlation between water maser luminosities and bolometric luminosities found for YSOs. This suggests that this correlation does not hold at the lower end of the (sub)stellar mass spectrum. Possible reasons are that the slope of this correlation is steeper at L
bol ≤ 1 L
⊙ or that there is an absolute luminosity threshold below which water maser emission cannot be produced. Alternatively, if the correlation still stands at low luminosity, the detection rates of masers would be significantly lower than the values obtained in higher-luminosity Class 0 protostars.
L’ épreuve de la retraite Transformations sociétales, expériences individuelles
Authors: Caradec Vincent
Published: April 2017

En se fondant sur une revue de la littérature ainsi que sur des enquêtes par entretiens semi-directifs réalisées, depuis une vingtaine d’années, auprès de jeunes retraités, cet article étudie les deux facettes de l’« épreuve » de la retraite, sociétale tout d’abord, individuelle ensuite. Dans un premier temps, il propose un survol socio-historique des transformations de la retraite et distingue les trois représentations sociales dominantes qui lui ont successivement été associées : le repos, les loisirs, le « vieillissement actif ». Dans un second temps, il décrit la diversité des expériences individuelles de la retraite dont il examine différentes dimensions : la question du « choix » de la retraite et la reconstruction identitaire qui s’engage alors, la dimension financière, la dimension conjugale, le face-à-face avec son vieillissement.
La retraite : une catégorie relevant du contexte social
Authors: Carreteiro Teresa Cristina , Pinto Bruna Oliveira
Published: April 2017

Cet article montre que les significations attachées à la retraite sont fondamentales et liées à l’articulation des champs psychique, social, politique, économique et juridique. La retraite peut être considérée comme un non-événement car prévisible et ne remettant pas en cause le cours de la vie ou, au contraire, comme une catégorie biographique dans la mesure où elle peut avoir une force de rupture. L’article s’appuie sur une recherche dans laquelle sept professeurs en psychologie clinique brésiliens sont interviewés, trois relevant du secteur public et quatre provenant du secteur privé, dont deux d’universités sans complément de retraite et deux d’universités prévoyant un plan de retraite. Tous les enseignants soulignent l’intérêt porté à leur travail. Néanmoins, les significations données à la retraite sont fort différentes selon les cas. Il y a toutefois un point commun : tous continuent à travailler après leur retraite. Enfin, l’article se demande si la retraite constitue ou non un événement biographique.
Travail, vieillissement et retraite : un point de vue philosophique
Authors: Hamraoui Éric
Published: April 2017

Penser le statut de l’expérience de vie de la retraite dans le contexte des transformations en cours dans le monde du travail est l’objet de la présente contribution. Douée d’une potentialité créatrice sur les plans individuel et social, et libératrice des contraintes de la production, la « vie de retraite » (L. Sève) constitue une réalité dissidente du point de vue de la rationalité néolibérale. Celle-ci dénie, en effet, la continuité générative des temps de la vie et la complexité anthropologique en réduisant le sujet à un « espace de compétition » (P. Dardot et C. Laval). La prise d’un nouveau point de départ, dont la retraite est l’occasion, constitue une réplique aux échos fantômes du sentiment de dette généré par la nouvelle organisation de la production et à l’inquiétude ressentie face au déploiement de la brutalité rationnelle expulsant l’individu du lieu de vie et de pensée que constitue le travail.
Somali Pirate attack and its toxic aftermath
Authors: Ringer Thomas Martin
Published: April 2017

En avril 2009, des pirates somaliens ont attaqué le bateau de croisière msc Melody au nord-est des îles Seychelles. L’auteur et son épouse, passagers sur le bateau, ont été témoins de la fusillade qui a suivi. Cet article décrit comment cette tentative de prise d’otages a provoqué un changement dans la dynamique sociale et émotionnelle sur le bateau, une atmosphère toxique s’étant développée durant les deux semaines restantes de la croisière. L’information obtenue pour cet article est issue de conversations et d’interviews avec les autres passagers et le personnel du bateau. Le cycle des événements et ses conséquences sont présentés dans un cadre psychanalytique et systémique afin de montrer comment une crise au sein d’une communauté temporaire telle qu’une croisière peut déclencher une dynamique toxique et comment les autorités en charge jouent un rôle vital dans l’exacerbation ou la diminution de cette toxicité.
La « fausse justification » : le mécanisme au fondement des rivalités excessives
Authors: Mauroy Hervé
Published: April 2017

Pour Jon Elster, les phénomènes sociaux doivent être expliqués non pas en recourant à la théorie du choix rationnel, mais en élucidant des mécanismes essentiellement psychologiques. Cet article vise à exposer l’un d’entre eux : la fausse justification. Celui-ci a été annoncé par les grands moralistes des xvii e et xviii e siècles, puis spécifié sur un mode exalté par Friedrich Nietzsche. Surtout, il a été analysé en profondeur par un psychologue trop peu connu inspiré par la philosophie : Paul Diel. La fausse justification est à l’origine des rivalités trop exacerbées.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2017

none
The Asymptotics of the Higher Dimensional Reidemeister Torsion for Exceptional Surgeries Along Twist Knots
Authors: Tran Anh T. , Yamaguchi Yoshikazu
Published: April 2017

We determine the asymptotic behavior of the higher dimensional Reidemeister torsion for the graph manifolds obtained by exceptional surgeries along twist knots. We show that all irreducible SL2()-representations of the graph manifold are induced by irreducible metabelian representations of the twist knot group. We also give the set of the limits of the leading coeõcients in the higher dimensional Reidemeister torsion explicitly.
A Characterization of C*-normed Algebras via Positive Functionals
Authors: Haralampidou Marina , Oudadess Mohamed , Palacios Lourdes , Signoret Carlos
Published: April 2017

We give a characterization of C*-normed algebras, among certain involutive normed ones. This is done through the existence of enough specific positive functionals. The same question is also examined in some non normed (topological) algebras.
The Fefferman–Stein Type Inequalities for Strong and Directional Maximal Operators in the Plane
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Tanaka Hitoshi
Published: April 2017

The Fefferman–Stein type inequalities for strongmaximal operators and directional maximal operators are verified with an additional composition of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator in the plane.
Case Report: Disseminated Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection in a Japanese Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Hatakeyama Shuji , Yamashita Takeshi , Sakai Toshiyasu , Kamei Katsuhiko
Published: April 2017

Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus endemic mainly in southeast and south Asia. It causes severe mycosis, usually in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Concomitant infection with T. marneffei and other opportunistic pathogens is plausible because the majority of T. marneffei infections occur in patients with advanced HIV infection. Nonetheless, coinfection in the same site has rarely been reported, and poses a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report the case of an HIV-infected Japanese patient who had lived in Thailand for 6 years. The patient developed T. marneffei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection, and both pathogens were isolated from the same sites: a blood specimen and a lymph node aspirate. Clinicians should be aware of concomitant infection with T. marneffei and other pathogens in patients with advanced HIV disease who are living in or who have visited endemic areas.
Seasonal variation in agglutination of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
Authors: Giha H A , Theander T G , StaalsÃ¸ T , Roper C , Elhassan I M , Babiker H , Satti G M , Arnot D E , Hviid L
Published: April 2017

Agglutination and rosette formation are in vitro characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, which have been associated with host protective immune responses and also with parasite virulence. The present study was carried out in an area of seasonal and unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Plasma samples were obtained before, during, and after the transmission season from a volunteer cohort of 64 individuals seven years of age and older. These plasmas were assayed for their ability to agglutinate cultured parasitized erythrocytes originally obtained from acute malaria infection samples taken from five of the cohort members. Our data show that the capacity of donor plasma samples to agglutinate parasitized cells depended largely on the time of sampling relative to the transmission season, at least within this epidemiologic setting. Thus, although less than half of the pretransmission season samples could agglutinate any of the five lines of cultured parasites, all post-transmission season samples could agglutinate at least one of the parasite lines, with 74% agglutinating two or more lines. This increase in the agglutination capacity of individual plasma samples after the transmission season occurred essentially regardless of whether an individual had experienced a clinical malaria attack during the transmission season. The study thus confirms the acquisition of agglutinating antibodies following episodes of clinical malaria, but also demonstrates that such acquisition can take place in the absence of disease, presumably as a consequence of subclinical infection. This is the first demonstration of marked seasonal fluctuations in the capacity of individuals' sera to agglutinate parasitized red blood cells. Possible explanations for this effect include a decrease in the levels of agglutinating antibodies between seasons, or shifts in the antigens being recognized by such antibodies from one transmission season to the next. Finally, we showed the existence of marked seasonal fluctuation in the levels of agglutinating antibodies, either because levels of such antibodies are not sustained between seasons or because the antigens recognized change from one season to the next.
Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania isolated from human cases with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from the State of Campeche, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
Authors: Canto-Lara S B , Cardenas-Maruffo M F , Vargas-Gonzalez A , Andrade-Narvaez F
Published: April 2017

Seventy-five isolates from the State of Campeche, Mexico, an area endemic for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), were characterized by isoenzyme markers (glucose phosphate isomerase, mannose phospate isomerase, nucleoside hydrolase, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). Seventy (93.3%) were identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and 5 (6.7%) as L. (Viannia) braziliensis. This is the first report of authochthonus human LCL caused by L. (V.) braziliensis in the State of Campeche, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
A high-resolution and observationally constrained OMI NO2 satellite retrieval
Authors: Goldberg Daniel L. , Lamsal Lok N. , Loughner Christopher P. , Lu Zifeng , Streets David G.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This work presents a new high resolution NO2 dataset derived from the standard NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 version 3.0 retrieval that can be used to estimate surface level concentrations. The standard NASA product uses NO2 vertical profile shape factors from a 1.25° × 1° (~ 110 × 110 km) resolution Global Model Initiative (GMI) model simulation to calculate air mass factors, a critical value used to determine observed tropospheric NO2 vertical columns. To better estimate vertical profile shape factors, we use a high resolution Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulation (1.33 × 1.33 km) to generate tropospheric air mass factors and tropospheric NO2 columns during summertime in the eastern United States. Results show OMI NO2 tropospheric columns in this new product increase by up to 160 % in city centers, and decrease by 20–50 % in the rural areas outside of urban areas when compared to the operational product. This new product shows much better agreement with the Pandora NO2 spectrometer measurements acquired during the DISCOVER-AQ Maryland field campaign. Furthermore, the correlation between this satellite product and EPA NO2 monitors in urban areas has improved dramatically: r2 = 0.60 in new product, r2 = 0.39 in operational product, signifying that this new product is a better indicator of surface concentrations than the operational product. Our work emphasizes the need to use high resolution models to re-calculate satellite data in areas with large spatial heterogeneities in NOx emissions. Although the current work is focused on the eastern United States, the methodology developed in this work can be applied to other world regions to produce high-quality region-specific NO2 satellite retrievals.
Mixing State of Refractory Black Carbon of the North China Plain
Regional Aerosol Combining a Single Particle Soot Photometer and
a Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Su Hang , Kecorius Simonas , Wang Zhibin , Hu Min , Zhu Tong , He Kebin , Wiedensohler Alfred , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yafang
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosol particles play an important role in regulating earth's climate and their climate effects depend on their mixing state. During the CAREBeijing 2013 campaign, we measured the size-resolved mixing state of refractory BC particles in North China Plain and performed intercomparison between a single particle soot photometer (SP2) and a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA). The intercomparison shows a good agreement between the optical particle diameter determined by SP2 and the mobility particle diameter determined by VTDMA for non-BC as well as for internally mixed refractory BC particles. The VTDMA shows a higher concentration of refractory particles than that of the SP2, which suggests the existence of a large fraction of low volatile non-BC aerosols. Following parameters were constrained by closure studies to improve the inversion of the mixing state of ambient BC (i.e., coating thickness (CT) and shell/core ratio (Dp / Dc)) by SP2: a) refractive indices (RI) of 1.42 and 1.67–0.56i for non-BC and rBC core components, respectively, b) refractory BC (rBC) core density of 1.2 g cm−3 for internally-mixed BC particles, and c) an effective density range of 0.25–0.45 g cm−3 for externally-mixed BC particles. Moreover, the upper limit of the measurable particle size of SP2 was extended by the leading-edge-only (LEO) fit from ~ 400 nm to ~ 550 nm as confirmed by the VTDMA measurement. Based on the improved inversion from SP2 measurement, we found that non-BC containing particles, internally-mixed BC and externally-mixed BC contribute 85–90 %, 5–7 % and 5–10 % of the total aerosol number in the size range of 200 nm to 350 nm. The number fraction of internally-mixed BC in total BC-containing aerosols (Fin) shows pronounced diurnal cycles with a peak around noon time and an apparent turnover rate up to 6–9 % h−1. Such diurnal cycles are similar to the finding of Cheng et al. (2012) suggesting the competing effect of emissions and aging processes. In this study, the observed internally-mixed BC particles in the polluted regional NCP (North China Plain) background site (Xianghe) suggest a rapid aging process of BC on the regional scale. During the intensive field study period, ~ 80 % of internally-mixed BC particles at 200–300 nm showed a Dp / Dc ratio of more than 2, accompanying with an average value of 2.3–2.8. Meanwhile, the CT of internally-mixed BC particles (200–350 nm) with rBC core size of 80–200 nm was in the range of 50–150 nm. Compared with previous measurements in developed countries, the observed BC particles on regional scale (i.e., internally-mixed BC particles) were more-aged, indicating stronger optical and climate effect of BC on the regional scale in northern China.
The Effect of Construction Material on the Thermal Gain Dependence
of a Fluxgate Magnetometer Sensor
Authors: Miles David M. , Mann Ian R. , Kale Andy , Milling David K. , Narod Barry B. , Bennest John R. , Barona David , Unsworth Martyn J.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Fluxgate magnetometers are an important tool in geophysics and space physics but are typically sensitive to variations in sensor temperature. Changes in instrumental gain with temperature, thermal gain dependence, are thought to be predominantly due to changes in the geometry of the wire coils that sense the magnetic field. Scientific fluxgate magnetometers typically employ some form of temperature compensation, and support and constrain wire sense coils with bobbins constructed from materials such as MACOR machinable ceramic (© Corning) which are selected for their ultra-low thermal deformation rather than for robustness, cost, or ease of manufacturing. We present laboratory results comparing the performance of six geometrically and electrically matched fluxgate sensors in which the material used to support the windings and for the base of the sensor is varied. We use a novel, low-cost thermal calibration procedure based on a controlled sinusoidal magnetic source and quantitative spectral analysis to measure the thermal gain dependence of fluxgate magnetometer sensors at the part-permillion per degree Celsius level in a typical magnetically noisy university laboratory environment. We compare the thermal gain dependence of sensors built from MACOR, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) engineering plastic (virgin, thirty percent glass filled, and thirty percent carbon filled), and Acetal to examine the trade between the thermal properties of the material, the impact on the thermal gain dependence of the fluxgate, and the cost and ease of manufacture. We find that thermal gain dependence of the sensor varies as one half of the material properties of the bobbin supporting the wire sense coils rather than being directly related as has been historically thought. An experimental sensor constructed from thirty percent glass filled PEEK (21.6 part-per-million per degree Celsius) had a thermal gain dependence within 5 part-per-million per degree Celsius of a traditional sensor constructed from MACOR ceramic (8.1 part-per-million per degree Celsius). If a modest increase in thermal dependence can be tolerated or compensated, then thirty percent glass filled PEEK is a good candidate for future fluxgate sensors as it is more economical, easier to machine, lighter, and more robust than MACOR.
Effect of DNA extraction in the Rosa canina L. identification under different processing temperature
Authors: Žiarovská Jana , Kyseľ Matúš , Cimermanová Radka , Knoteková Ľudmila
Published: April 2017

Rosa canina, L. is widely used for medicinal purposes as well as in food industry where it is a valuable source, bioactive compounds and natural colorants. Actually, no specific method is recommended as suitable one for DNA extraction from rose hips. The aim of the study was to compare three commercial and three non-commercial methods to extract total genomic DNA from rose hips hyphanthium. Four methods are based on the precipitation in principle and two methods are based on resin-binding. Extracted DNA was proved for the effectivity in following PCR. In total, six different DNA isolations was performed for differently heat processes rose hips - fresh hyphanthium, 2-weeks frozen hyphanthium, dried hyphanthium (50 °C) and boiled hyphanthium (100 °C). The amplification parameters of 500 bp chloroplast gene amplicon were evaluated. Obtained amounts of extracted DNA was very variable not only for every individual method used but for individual treatment of samples, too. In general, non-commercial method provided higher amount of extracted DNA, but the A260/280 ratio was lower. When regarding the processing treatment of the samples, high differences were found among the samples untreated by heat and those that were dried or boiled for three of the used extraction methods. All the samples were positive for amplification, but different amounts of amplified product were obtained. The comparison of data for concentrations of extracted DNA and concentrations of amplified product showed large differences when regarding the achieved purity of DNA in extraction.
Effect of short-term consumption bitter apricot seeds on the body composition in healthy population
Authors: Kopčeková Jana , Kolesárová Anna , Gažarová Martina , Lenártová Petra , Mrázová Jana , Kolesárová Adriana
Published: April 2017

The distribution of fat in different areas of the body is important since accumulation of fat within the abdominal cavity represents a much more severe cardiovascular risk than accumulation in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Apricot seeds contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds and that consumption can decrease blood pressure and total blood cholesterol levels, fight oxidative stress and maintain body weight. The aim of the study was to analyse body composition: body fat mass (BFM), fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (%BFM), visceral fat area (VFA), total body water (TBW) - intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) and to evaluate the changes that occur after 6-weeks consumption of bitter apricot seeds. The study group finally consisted of 34 healthy adults volunteers (21 females and 13 males). Volunteers were recruited from the general population of Slovakia. Respondents were 23 - 65 years old, where the average age of women was 40.65 ±11.31 years and the average age of men was 36.91 ±9.98 years. All participants were asked to consume 60 mg.kg-1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily during 6 weeks. Body composition was diagnosed by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) by InBody 720 (Biospace Co., Korea), which measures the total impedance at frequencies of 1, 5, 50, 100, 500, 1000 kHz. At baseline mean body weight was 85.78 ±14.66 and 62.84 ±12.19 kg in the male and female participants, respectively. After 6 weeks of consumation we observed non-significant decreasing of mean body weight. The mean BFM was 19.25 ±8.81 kg in the male group and 19.47 ±7.21 kg in the female group. After six weeks, BFM decreased non-significantly (on average 0.5 kg) in both groups. The mean FFM at baseline was 43.37 ±5.98 and 66.54 ±7.98 kg in the female and male participants, respectively. The statistical analysis confirmed that the increase of FFM (43.37 ±5.98 kg to 43.56 ±5.80 kg) in the female were statistically significant (p <0.05). VFA was greater in the men (82.04 ±39.82 cm2 at baseline and 78.65 ±39.79 cm2 after 6 weeks) comparison to women (79.82 ±29.03 cm2 at baseline and 78.29 ±29.90 cm2 after 6 weeks). The mean of TBW in males before the start of study was 48.78 ±5.77 kg and 47.88 ±5.57 kg after 6 weeks of consumption. The results of study show the small weight loss in the both group. Therefore, the results from this study indicate that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds produce measurable health benefits, but further studies are also required.
Hormonal changes in spring barley after triazine herbicide treatment and its mixtures of regulators of polyamine biosynthesis
Authors: Trebichalský Pavol , Tóth Tomáš , Bajčan Daniel , Harangozo Ľuboš , Vollmannová Alena
Published: April 2017

Plants adapt to abiotic stress by undergoing diverse biochemical and physiological changes that involve hormone-dependent signalling pathways. The effects of regulators of polyamine biosynthesis can be mimicked by exogenous chemical regulators such as herbicide safeners, which not only enhance stress tolerance but also confer hormetic benefits such as increased vigor and yield. The phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) play key roles in regulating stress responses in plants. Two years pot trials at Slovak University of agriculture Nitra were carried out with analyses of contents of plant hormones in spring barley grain of variety Kompakt: indolyl-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), after exposing of tested plants to herbicide stress, as well as the possible decrease of these stress factors with application of regulators of polyamine synthesis was evaluated. At 1st year in spring barley grain after application of solo triazine herbicide treatment in dose 0,5 L.ha-1 an increase of all analyzed plant hormones was observed and contrary, at 2nd year there was the decrease of their contents. From our work there is an obvious influence of herbicide stress induced by application of certain dose of triazine herbicide at 1st year. Expect of the variant with mixture of triazine herbicide (in amount of 0,5 L.ha-1) and 29,6 g.ha-1 DAB, at this year all by us applied regulators of polyamine synthesis reduced the level of both plant hormones. Higher affect of stress caused by enhanced content of soluble macroelements in soil where the plants of barley were grown was observed next year. Soil with increased contents of macronutrients (mg.kg-1): N30.7 + P108.3 + K261.5 + Mg604.2 had reducing effect on contents of plant hormones in barley grain at variant treated with solo triazine herbicide (in dose at 0,5 L.ha-1) in comparison to control variant. The mixtures of regulators of polyamine synthesis reduced the contents of IAA only in comparison to control variant. Decline in amount of ABA in barley grain was observed only after treatment with GABA, also in comparison to variant treated with water. Other mixtures of morphoregulators in combination with herbicide had not strong influence on contents of tested plant hormones in barley grain of variety Kompakt.
The impact of varieties, ripeness, and heat treatment on the retention of vitamin C and content of soluble solids in sweet pepper
Authors: Valší­ková Magdaléna , Rehuš Marián , Komár Patrik , Paulen Oleg
Published: April 2017

In the three-year field trial we have grown six varieties of sweet peppers and we observed a change in the content of soluble solids and vitamin C during aging and after heat treatment with the sterilization. The highest content of soluble solids was found in peppers collected in botanical maturity, where the average was 5.82% in 2012, 6.52 in 2013 and 6.13 in 2014. Lower average, we measured in the intermediate maturity, 4.25 in 2012, 5.2% in 2013 and 4.73% in 2014. The lowest soluble solids content was recorded for fruit harvested in technical ripeness, only 3.57% in 2012, 4.25% in 2013 and 4.10% in 2014. In the technical maturity we determined the average value of vitamin C by the years between 90.98 mg.100 g-1 and 103.86 mg.100 g-1. The average in vitamin C content in fresh pepper fruits of intermediate maturity was ranging from 108.81 to 124.65 mg.100 g-1. The highest average values of vitamin C were at the botanical maturity from 171.42 to 188.30 mg.100 g-1. In the average of years and times of harvest it was found that the variety ´PCR´ and ´Slovakia´ had the first and second place in content of vitamin C (146.10 mg.100 g-1 - ´PCR´ and 143.72 mg.100-1 - ´Slovakia´). The least vitamin C was observed in a variety ´Katrena´ (120.80 mg.100 g-1). For six varieties we have found that in technical maturity retained after sterilization on average 34.0% of vitamin C, in an intermediate maturity 47.16% and 42.10% of botanical maturity. Vitamin C was the highest in sterilized pepper variety of ´Slovakia´ and ´PCR´ in all three stage of maturity. The results show that the pepper is an excellent reservoir of vitamin C, not only in c fresh state, but also after heat treatment.
The Education Sector and the Crises of the Nigerian State
Authors: Ecoma Chinyere Samuel , OTA Ejitu N.
Published: April 2017

Opinions are varied on whether Nigeria is a failing or failed state. The inability of the ruling class to sustain the tempo achieved in the development of the country in the opening years of its independence has often agitated the minds of discerning and concerned citizens. Infrastructural decay, corruption, political ineptitude, declining economic conditions, social inequality, religious bigotry, and a general sense of insecurity have pervaded the country’s domestic landscape. In particular, the declining fortunes of the education sector and the apparent official neglect of that sector have placed Nigeria’s present and future on a dangerous pedestal. Education is synonymous with self-improvement and national development. Yet, its progress has stagnated and indeed deteriorated over the years. Heaping the blame on one cause is an exercise in futility. Rather, there should be concerted efforts at both the official and unofficial levels to checkmate the obvious decline in both the quality of education and its perception by the government as secondary to other national issues.
Poverty Alleviation through Empowerment with a Focus on Partnership: A Case Study of Iran
Authors: Sajadi Hamid , Sadeghizadeh Salman , Taghizadeh Masoumeh
Published: April 2017

Empowerment in the area of poverty alleviation, beyond being a partnership for improvement or progress of the performance, means accountability for the prioritized needs. As to empowerment, the approaches are mostly confined to motivational level or organizational and institutional reform. Based on this general approach, Iran has also drawn up many empowerment programs and implemented them through Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF), the main supporting organization of the country. Pursuing the empowerment projects on the basis of this limited approach has been the source of instability for such projects. Evaluating the empowerment projects of Iran focused on poverty alleviation, developed and embedded in the broad programs of the IKRF, the study aims to identify the components of a pattern of empowerment for poverty alleviation through a social approach. Finally the proposed strategies are formulated based on three centers of active participation of the poor, strengthening inter-organizational relationships and defining an advisory role for supporting organizations to decision-making bodies. The methodology was descriptive-analytical and the data collected through direct observation and interviews with experts and academic elites and collecting questionnaires. Delphi Questionnaire was filled by the sample population in two categories of managers and experts of the IKRF and the clients. The Snowball technique was applied for identifying the size of the sample. The research questions were responded through SWOT analysis.
Investigate the Role of Educational Leadership in Human Resources Development of Jordanian University
Authors: Saeed Qasem Ali Qasem , Slahen Jafer Ahmad Odeh Al
Published: April 2017

The study aim to examine the impact of educational leadership on human resources development of Jordanian university. The study is an analysis descriptive research and the methods will be use survey in order to collect information needed for get the results. The population of the study includes all Jordanian universities. The sample of the study will includes (200) professors working in governmental universities located in Amman city. The study results indicated that there are positive attitudes towards educational leadership, the study also indicated that there are positive attitudes towards variables: communication, learning, influence, confidence, and knowledge. The study results accept main hypotheses that states: There is a statistically significant impact of educational leadership on human resources development of Jordanian university. The study results also accept the first three sub hypothesis which related to the impact of (communication, learning, and influence) on human resources development of Jordanian university, but the study results reject the sub hypothesis which related to the impact of (confidence, and knowledge). The study recommended to identify best practices in leadership styles, for positive change at the university, and how to increase the absorption of the change points when their employees, and to support and provide all the resources that help educational leadership in order to achieve: communication, learning, influence, confidence, and knowledge.
Triggers of Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Ghana: A Non-Parametric Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Dary Stanley K. , James Harvey S. , Mohammed Asaah S.
Published: April 2017

In Ghana, farmer-herder conflicts have become widespread and increasingly assume a violent dimension. Competition over access to and use of land and water resources is at the center of the conflicts. However, competition does not automatically result in conflicts. The conflicts are driven by triggering activities of both farmers and herders. This study identifies triggers of farmer-herder conflicts in the Upper West Region of Ghana and tests the level of agreement among key stakeholder groups on the triggers of these conflicts. This is an important step in determining approaches to farmer-herder conflicts prevention and resolution. The data were collected via focus group discussions of five key stakeholder groups: chiefs-traditional rulers, Fulani herdsmen-cattle owners, crop farmers, civic society-media, and government agencies. Fourteen triggers of conflicts were identified by stakeholders, with destruction of crops by cattle ranking as the most important trigger. In testing agreement among stakeholder groups on triggers of conflicts, only crop farmers, chiefs-traditional rulers and government agencies significantly agree on the triggers of conflicts. There is also moderate level of concordance when the ranking of triggers of conflicts by all five stakeholder groups are simultaneously considered. The results show farmer-herder conflicts are complex and preventing and /or resolving these conflicts require integrated approaches.
Billijke vergoeding: over karakter, begroting en artikel 6 EVRM
Authors: Bij de Vaate Vivian , Kruit Pascal
Published: April 2017

Billijke vergoeding: over karakter, begroting en artikel 6 EVRM

De billijke vergoeding heeft sinds de invoering van de Wet werk en zekerheid een prominente plaats gekregen in het ontslagrecht. In deze bijdrage voorzien de auteurs de billijke vergoeding van een nadere analyse. Aan bod komen onder andere het karakter van de billijke vergoeding, denkbare begrotingsmethodieken, jurisprudentieanalyse en een kanttekening vanuit het oogpunt van artikel 6 EVRM bij de (mede) punitieve billijke vergoeding.
Stability-Indicating UPLC Method for the Estimation of Nadifloxacin, Terbinafine Hydrochloride, Mometasone Furoate, Methyl Paraben, and Propyl Paraben in Topical Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Bhosale Dileep M , Nikalje Anna Pratima G
Published: April 2017

A novel and simple ultra-performance LC method was developed for the estimation of nadifloxacin (NAD), terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH), mometasone furoate (MMF), methyl paraben (MP), and propyl paraben (PP) in a topical pharmaceutical dosage formulation. The analysis was carried out on a Waters Acquity UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min ingradient mode at a wavelength of 255 nm. Elution of all components was achieved within 9 min. The retention times of MP, NAD, PP, TBH, and MMF were observedat 1.5, 2.6, 3.4, 6.0, and 6.9 min, respectively. The proposed method was validated per current International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, range, LOD, LOQ, robustness, filter paper interference, and solution stability parameters. A complete method studywas performed to determine the stability-indicating nature of the developed method.
Design of a Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of the Complementary cDNA of miRNA-145 Based on the Intercalation and Electrochemical Reduction of Doxorubicin
Authors: Mohamadi Maryam , Mostafavi Ali , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud
Published: April 2017

The aim of this research was the determination of a microRNA (miRNA) using a DNA electrochemical aptasensor. In this biosensor, the complementary complementary DNA (cDNA) of miRNA-145 (a sense RNA transcript) was the target strand and the cDNA of miRNA-145 was the probe strand. Both cDNAs can be the product of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of miRNA. The proposed aptasensor’s function was based on the hybridization of target strands with probes immobilized on the surface of a working electrode and the subsequent intercalation of doxorubicin (DOX) molecules functioning as the electroactive indicators of any double strands that formed. Electrochemical transduction was performed by measuring the cathodic current resulting from the electrochemical reduction of the intercalated molecules at the electrode surface. In the experiment, because many DOX molecules accumulated on each target strand on the electrode surface, amplification was inherently easy, without a need for enzymatic or complicated amplification strategies. The proposed aptasensor also had the excellent ability to regenerate as a result of the melting of the DNA duplex. Moreover, the use of DNA probe strands obviated the challenges of working with an RNA probe, such as sensitivity to RNase enzyme. In addition to the linear relationship between the electrochemical signal and the concentration of the target strands that ranged from 2.0 to 80.0 nM with an LOD of 0.27 nM, the proposed biosensor was clearly capable of distinguishing between complementary (target strand) and noncomplementary sequences. The presented biosensor was successfully applied for the quantification of DNA strands corresponding to miRNA-145 in human serum samples.
Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Commercial Alcoholic Beverages by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Yang Gun , Kim Jung Yoon , Yoon Sang Jun , Shin Byong-kyu , Lee Jeongmi , Park Jeong Hill , Kwon Sung Won
Published: April 2017

A simple and fast method was developed for the determination of volatile organic compounds in alcoholic beverages. Eleven volatile organic compounds (acetaldehyde, methanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) in alcoholic beverages were analyzed with a simple direct-injection method using GC with flame ionization detection. These compounds should be monitored in the QC of production processes because they are detrimental to human health. The method was validated with four types of alcoholic beverages (beers, fruit wines, rice wines, and spirits) to confirm the versatility of the method. Linearity showed r2 values from 0.9986 to 0.9995, with LODs ranging from 0.010 to 1.000 mg/L. Precision and accuracy showed acceptable results, proving the effectiveness of the method. The developed method was applied to 40 commercial samples representing the four types of alcoholic beverages, and principal component analysis was performed to determine profiles of the volatile organic compounds, depending on the type of alcoholic beverage.
Role of P&I Insurance in Implementing Amendments to Maritime Labour Convention 2014
Authors: Petrinović Ranka , Lovrić Ivana , Perkušić Trpimir
Published: April 2017

Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006 stipulates mandatory financial security for repatriation costs (Standard A 2.5), and contractual compensations related to death or longterm disability of seafarers due to an occupational injury, illness or hazard (Standard A 4.2) that is to be provided by the shipowner. However, financial security system set in the MLC was prescribed very broadly and insufficiently precise and, therefore, it opened a number of questions and doubts. Among others, the following questions are particularly interesting: what the legal nature of the MLC financial security is; from the insurance standpoint, whether this is life or accident insurance, or it is liability insurance; who has an insurable interest and what the nature of that interest is; which document proves fulfilment of MLC requirements. Due to the necessity of improving financial security provisions, in 2014 Amendments to the MLC were adopted that came into force in January 2017. Although the MLC does not explicitly prescribe a system of compulsory insurance, with the third injured party the right to a direct claim (actio directa) towards the liability insurer, marine insurance given its characteristic, appeared as a very suitable method of fulfilling MLC requirements – especially P&I insurance. All the clubs within the International Group of P&I Clubs have agreed to assist their members (shipowners) in complying with these additional financial security requirements under the Amendments to the MLC and issue MLC Certificates to their members. MLC Certificates refer to the MLC Extension Clause, 2016 and thus subject the insurance to conditions and limitations in the said clause. MLC Extension Clause provisions will be added to clubs P&I Rules which form the standard P&I cover.
ZASTUPLJENOST DIROFILARIA IMMITIS, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, ANAPLASMA SPP. I EHRLICHIA SPP. KOD NEVLASNIČKIH PASA NA PODRUČJU BEOGRADA
Authors: Gajić Bojan Gajić , Bogunović Danica , Vejnović Branislav , Mirilović Milorad , Kulišić Zoran
Published: April 2017

Bolesti pasa koje se prenose vektorima predstavljaju oboljenja virusne,bakterijske ili parazitske etiologije, koja se najčešće prenose hematofagnimartropodama, komarcima i krpeljima.Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita prisustvo infekcija čiji se uzročnici prenosekomarcima (DiroGilaria immitis) i krpeljima (Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasmaphagocytophilum/A. platys, Ehrlichia canis/E. ewingii) kod nevlasničkih pasa nateritoriji Beograda.U periodu od septembra do decembra 2015. godine sakupljeno je 86 uzoraka krviod klinički zdravih nevlasničkih pasa iz različitih beogradskih opština. Svi uzorcitestirani su modiNikovanim Knott-ovim testom i komercijalnim SNAP® 4Dx Plus®Test-om.Infekcija izazvana barem jednim od ispitivanih uzročnika ustanovljena je kod27,91% pasa. Najzastupljeniji uzročnik bila je D. immitis, koja je dijagnostikovanakod 17,44% životinja. Na prisustvo antitela protiv Anaplasma spp. pozitivno je bilo9,30% pasa, dok je 2,33% jedinki bilo seropozitivno na B. burgdorferi, odnosno naEhrlichia spp. Koinfekcije sa dva patogena zabeležene su kod 3,49% pasa.Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da su nevlasnički psi na teritoriji gradaBeograda izloženi delovanju različitih vrsta zoonoznih uzročnika koji se prenosekomarcima i krpeljima, zbog čega treba preduzeti odgovarajuće mere za suzbijanjeovih artropoda.
KOMBINOVANE VITAMINSKE SILAŽE U ISHRANI KRAVA MUZARA
Authors: Jovičin M. , Živkov Baloš Milica , Šoronja Ž. , Vuković R. , Petrujkić B.
Published: April 2017

Tokom četiri proizvodne godine (2011-2014), analizirani su reproduktivnipokazatelji iz 123 laktacije 46 umatičenih grla i to 79 laktacija od 30 kravaholštajnske rase i 44 laktacija od 16 krava simentalske rase, na dva porodičnagazdinstva. Krave su hranjene uz dodatak različitih količina vitaminskih silažaCOMBO-VIT-SIL®. Silaže su na bazi šargarepe, tri vrste bundeve i cele biljkekukuruza, svežeg repinog rezanca ili klipa kukuruza. Prva proizvodna godina,2011. godina, uzeta je kao kontrolna, jer tada nije korišćena vitaminska silaža uishrani krava. Najveći sadržaj β-karotina utvrđen je u silaži šargarepe i muskatnebundeve: 391,65 mg/kg suve materije. Upotrebom vitaminskih silaža u našemogledu, postignut je porast prosečnog prinosa mleka, na farmi holštajnske rase,za 1,101 kg , a na farmi simentalske rase za 29 kg, (p>0,05). Prosečan indeks VOsmanjen je kod krava holštajnske rase od oko 3,38 doza, na 2,42±1,80 doza, akod krava simentalske rase od 1,60±1,35 na 1,40±1,26 doza. Servis period je nafarmi krava holštajnske rase bio značajno kraći uz silaže sa vitaminskombundevom (p<0,01), u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, a na farmi krava simentalskerase, uz dodatak silaže sa muskatnom bundevom, u odnosu na dodatak silaže sašargarepom (p<0,05). Uz pomenuto, značajno je skraćen i normalizovanmeđutelidbeni interval, kod krava holštajnske rase od 427±74 dana, na 372±17dana, a kod krava simentalske rase od 480±124 dana, na 364±38 dana.
УТИЦАЈ ВЕЗАНОГ СИСТЕМА ДРЖАЊА МЛЕЧНИХ ГОВЕДА НА ПОЈАВУ РУСТЕРХОЛЗОВОГ ЧИРА
Authors: Хаџић Иванка , Худина Војин , Павловић Иван , Касагић Драган , Станишић Горан
Published: April 2017

Проблеми који настају код неадекватних лежишта, ламинитиса, као иуслед нестручне обраде папака, могу бити многобројни. Један од водећихпредставља појава Рустерхолзовог чира, који је веома болно стање за жи-вотињу и значајно умањује њену продуктивност. Циљ овог рада је био да сеиспита утицај прекратких лежишта на појаву Рустерхолзовог чира. При-ликом редовне обраде и контроле папака на седам фарми, укупно је обра-ђено 37 893 грла, од којих је код 7 662 дијагностикован Рустерхолзов чир.Закључујемо да је 20,22 % прегледане популације говеда захваћено овомболешћу. Ток и прогноза су у већини случајева повољни уколико се при-мени правилна метода и адекватна терапија под надзором стручног и обу-ченог лица.