bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery: a protocol for systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Li Qiujiang , YangMasood Umar , Zhang Zhuang , Feng Ganjun , Yang Huiliang , Song Yueming
Published: March 2023

Introduction
As hemostasis is a complex process that bleeding can be difficult to control, higher requirements are needed for spinal surgeons in intraoperative hemostasis. Floseal and Surgiflo are two common thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents. Nevertheless, Floseal or Surgiflo has not been universally recommended by the current guidelines of preoperative hemostatic management in spine surgery due to lack of relative systematic evidence-based medical evidence. Moreover, adverse effects of novel absorbable hemostatic biomaterial may be poorly reported and inconsistently described. Meanwhile, there is currently no systematic review and meta-analyses available which sum up the existing evidence. Our study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery, and to provide corresponding evidence-based medical evidence.
Methods and analysis
Our study will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P). Two authors will retrieve the relevant articles using the eight databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM) from inception to 16st Aug, 2022. Three authors will screen citation titles and abstracts and evaluated full-text of each potentially relevant citation, and then extract the data using a data extraction form. Any discrepancies in decisions between reviewers will be resolved through discussion. All included studies will be evaluated for quality and risk of bias according to the Cochrane guidelines. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis will be used to find the main source of between-study heterogeneity. All data analysis will be performed using RevMan v.5.3 Software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.
Sharpness of some Hardy-type inequalities
Authors: Lars-Erik Persson , Natasha Samko , Tephnadze George
Published: March 2023

The current status concerning Hardy-type inequalities with sharp constants is presented and described in a unified convexity way. In particular, it is then natural to replace the Lebesgue measure dx with the Haar measure dx/x. There are also derived some new two-sided Hardy-type inequalities for monotone functions, where not only the two constants are sharp but also where the involved function spaces are (more) optimal. As applications, a number of both well-known and new Hardy-type inequalities are pointed out. And, in turn, these results are used to derive some new sharp information concerning sharpness in the relation between different quasi-norms in Lorentz spaces.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D10, 46E30.
At the origin of Neanderthals and modern humans - Cerebral complexity and encephalization
Authors: Zaio Paola , Rubini Mauro , Tuniz Claudio , Bernardini Federico , Vincenzo Fabio Di , festa giulia , gozzi alessandro , libianchi nunzia , scorrano gabriele , macciardi fabio , fallon james , Manzi Giorgio
Published: March 2023

The increase of brain dimensions and complexity has characterized the evolution of the genus Homo. According to the available fossil and genetic evidence, a crucial stage came before the divergence of Neanderthals, Denisovans and Homo sapiens, during the Middle Pleistocene. We consider a specimen of about 400 ka, whose phenotype is at the roots of this divergence: Ceprano calvarium (Italy). Here, we show a derived cerebrovascular organization with a mosaic of modern human and primitive features characteristics. Computed microtomography shows vascular variation and ontogenetic defects associated with ventricular and lymphatic involvement while phylogenetic analyzes highlight a dysregulation of the Tet1 gene that shows an accelerated mutation rate between 1.2 Ma and 466 ka, in contrast with the expected neutral evolution of the human genome. These results shed light on the dynamics of cranio-cerebral growth during the encephalization process and on the cerebral vascular and lymphatic system involved in this process. The results of this study could have implications for the research of many of the diseases of the central nervous system that have become predominant in an increasingly structured and long-lived brain system such as that of modern Homo sapiens.
Multi-Model U-Net: An Adversarial Defense Mechanism for Robust Visual Tracking
Authors: Suttapak Wattanapong , Zhang Jianfu , Zhao Haohuo , Zhang Liqing
Published: March 2023

Currently, state-of-the-art object-tracking algorithms are facing a severe threat from adversarial attacks, which can significantly undermine their performance. In this work, we present the first defensive model for visual tracking, called MU-Net. The proposed model generates denoised images that successfully defend against attacks while requiring minimal computing resources. To achieve this, MU-Net models are explored in five different models, with the smallest pair layers being 3. Each model is trained end-to-end on random pair images with both clean and adversarial noise images by utilizing pixel-wise and feature-wise denoisers. Our proposed models significantly enhance tracking performance even when the target tracker is attacked or the target frame is clean. Additionally, MU-Net can simultaneously share its parameters on both template and search regions. In experimental results, the proposed models successfully defend against top attackers on six benchmark datasets, including OTB100, LaSOT, UAV123, VOT2018, VOT2019, and GOT-10k. Performance results on all datasets show a significant improvement over all attackers, with a decline of less than 4.6% for every benchmark metric compared to the original tracker.
Benthic Foraminifera as Pollution Biomarkers: A Morphological Approach
Authors: Martínez Laura Tavera , Marchant Margarita , Díaz Roberto T. Abdala , Arrojo María Ángeles , Muñoz Praxedes
Published: March 2023

Coastal areas are often intervened by anthropic activities, which increase the contamination of toxic agents such as heavy metals. This causes adverse morphological effects on benthic microorganisms, such as foraminifera. This group is one of the most susceptible to environmental deterioration, so they can be used as pollution biomarkers by identifying shell abnormalities. Therefore, 28 sediment samples from northern Chile were analyzed, calculating the Abnormality Index-FAI and its spatio-temporal distributions in benthic foraminifera. As well as the minimum and maximum abnormality percentages and their relationship with heavy metals concentrations, using a generalized non-linear model and a principal component analysis. The results indicated a proportion of abnormal shells within the ranges described for polluted areas conditions, revealing environmental stress conditions. This reflected a change in the environmental conditions in the most recent sediments of the bay. The highest FAI values were observed to the southwest of the bay, caused by the local current system. The species Bolivina seminuda, Buliminella elegantissima, and Epistominella exigua presented a greater number of deformities, allowing them to be used as contamination biomarkers. A significant correlation was found between Ti, Mn, Ni, Va, and Ba with decreased chamber sizes, wrong coiling, scars, and number of abnormality types. This suggests the effect of the particular geochemical conditions of the area on the heavy metals that cause toxic effects on foraminifera. These analyses are an efficient tool for identifying the effects of environmental stress before they occur in higher organisms, mitigating the environmental impact on marine biodiversity.
Efficacy and Safety of HAIC alone VS. HAIC combined with Lenvatinib for Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Long Fang , Chen Haili , Li Ruidong , Lin Yinsheng , Han Jian , Guo Jiandong , Chen Yongxin , Li Chengzhi , Song Peng
Published: March 2023

Objective
To investigate efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lenvatinib(HAIC-Len) and HAIC alone for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(Ad-HCC).
Methods
Totally 349 patients with Ad-HCC participated in the research from February 2018 to October 2020. On the basis of propensity score matching(PSM), 132 and 110 cases were assigned to the HAIC group and the HAIC-Len group, respectively, with a ratio of 1:1. Progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), and complications were compared between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were utilized to estimate cumulative OS and PFS. Additionally, uni- and multi-variate Cox regression models were employed to identify significant independent factors.
Results
The median follow-up period in this study was set to be 20.8 months. Following PSM, the one-, two- and three-year cumulative OS rates in the HAIC-Len and HAIC groups were 63.6%, 12.1%, and 3.0%, and 47.2%, 11.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). The first-three-year cumulative incidence rates PFS in the HAIC-Len and the HAIC groups were 15.2%, 1.5%, and ND, and 11.8%, 4.5%, and 3.6%, respectively, with no significant difference detected(P = 0.092). BMI (HR: 0.709. 95% CI: 0.549, 0.915. P = 0.008) and AST(HR: 1.005. 95% CI: 1.003, 1.007. P < 0.001) represented independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, the two groups exhibited no significant difference in the incidence rates of adverse events.
Conclusions
HAIC-Len significantly improved survival outcomes of patients with Ad-HCC and demonstrated acceptable toxicity compared to HAIC alone.
Breakable geological structures and groundwater in the Koumfab catchment area of northern Togo
Authors: Katansao Pyabalo Eugène , Gnazou Masamaéya Dadja-Toyou , Agbossoumonde Yao , Vasić Ljiljana
Published: March 2023

The Togolese government mainly uses groundwater to provide water to rural and urban populations due to the poor condition of surface waters. The Koumfab watershed, located in northern Togo (Dapaong) has a substratum composed of crystalline rocks and ancient Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, giving it a hydrogeological configuration of basements aquifers. Consequently, its groundwater potential is related to the thickness of its soil cover and the fracture networks it contains. A hydrological balance has been established at the scale of the basin and the map of the lineaments of the basin is obtained through aerial images and the numerical model of the field treated by the GIS software. Three families of lineaments are obtained and classified according to their importance. The main directions of these lineaments are N01°-N40° with a cumulative weight of 32.48% corresponding to the majority of fractures; the mean fractures correspond to N60° to N120° with a cumulative weight of 42.27% and finally the N121°-N180° and N41° -N59° are minority fractures for 24.78%. The correlation between these lineaments and drilling flows has shown that lineament lengths and their connectivity’s have a significant influence on groundwater potential (drilling rate), but it’s not the only parameter that controls the productivity of these watersheds. Lithological facies and water inflow in the depths located 40–80 m range and probably the thickness of the soils layer is, however, parameters that control the productivity and thus the hydrogeological potential of the region.
Establishment of a nomogram model for predicting metabolic bone disease in preterm infants
Authors: Liang Liyu , Zhuo Ruiyan , Zhu Hui , Xie Qinmei , Yang Meijun , Liu Yongle , Lin Jinwen
Published: March 2023

Objective
To investigate risk factors for metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm infants and establish a nomogram model for predicting MBD risk.
Methods
A total of 1104 preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 809 were as modelling set and 295 were as validation set. The modelling set was divided into the MBD (n = 185) and non-MBD (n = 624) groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for MBD. R software was used to plot the nomogram model, which was then validated by the data of the validation set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the nomogram model’s performance, and the clinical decision curve was used to assess the clinical practicability of the model.
Results
Gestational age, time of trophic feeding initiation, parenteral nutrition duration, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cholestasis and sepsis were independent risk factors for MBD in preterm infants (P < 0.05). The ROC curve of the modelling set had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801; the risk prediction value of 0.196 corresponding to the maximum Youden index was the best value, and the prediction critical value was 125 points. The ROC curve of the validation set had an AUC of 0.844. The calibration curve analysis showed good accuracy and consistency between the model’s predicted and actual values.
Conclusions
The nomogram model provides an efficient tool for the early assessment of MBD risk. Preterm infants with scores ≥ 125 should receive close attention and interventions in the early stage.
Breaking RSA Encryption Protocol with Kernel P Systems
Authors: Vasile Răzvan , Gheorghe Marian , Niculescu Ionuț Mihai
Published: March 2023

The prime factorisation problem is intractable, i.e., no efficient algorithm is known. In cryptography there are some well-known approaches based on the computational hardness of this problem, including Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption protocol. Several attemps to break RSA have been investigated, some of them based on the massive parallelism of membrane systems.In this paper a new approach, based on kernel P system formalism, aimed at reassessing the space-time tradeoff, usually involved in membrane computing solutions, is investigated. Two models are introduced and assessed in order to find the potential benefits of each of them for solving the above problem, revealing also their limitations and providing hints for further improvements.
Medical management of dairy heifers from birth to breeding
Authors: Studer Erich
Published: March 2023

The future of a dairy operation depends on the successful raising or procurement of heifer calves that will potentially equal and preferably exceed the milk production of the existing herd. In a modern dairy where rigid culling is practiced, 20-30% of the milking herd is usually replaced annually. Since mortality rates for young calves often exceed 20% under some management conditions, it is imperative that as many calves as possible be raised to maturity. This requires various disease control measures, including proper dry cow management, suitable calving facilities, colostrum feeding and navel disinfection in newborn calves, appropriate housing and adequate nutrition in growing calves. The following management procedures, adopted over many years of experience and research at Carnation Research Farm have been effective in reducing calfhood mortality to less than 3%.
Computers for the Bovine Practitioner
Authors: Whittier William D.
Published: March 2023

Recent years have evidenced a boom in the computer industry such that computerization has touched the lives of nearly everyone. Microtechnology has made microcomputers affordable to many'individuals and businesses (costs from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars). The challenge to the bovine practitioner is to take the technology and put it in a usable form. This challenge means finding a way to convert microcomputer potential into improved practice efficiency and/or quality.
Coccidiosis in dairy cows
Authors: Rossiter Denny
Published: March 2023

This paper is not designed to delve into the scientific aspects of coccidiosis, but rather to make observations and even speculations about the disease. I might even add that there are some questions asked that experienced veterinarians may be able to shed some light on or start researchers thinking.
Bovine Practitioner No. 4 (1969 October). Front Matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (2nd : 1969). Schedule
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 2nd American Association of Bovine Practitioners Convention, 1969.
AABP News
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Officers, District news, Events, Awards, and other news.
Bovine Practitioner No. 5 (1970 June). Front Matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Recent advances in bovine reproductive physiology
Authors: Stabenfeldt George H.
Published: March 2023

The intent of this review is to give practitioners of the art and science of bovine reproduction a view of recent research findings in reproductive physiology. In some cases, practical applications of these findings have been suggested. In many cases, it has been left to the ingenuity of the practitioner to utilize the new information effectively.
Management of beef breeding programs
Authors: Wiltbank J. N.
Published: March 2023

In addition to characteristic "thrombo," Haemophilus somnus infection may result in acute respiratory disease or chronic stiffness of feedlot cattle. Unless the bovine practitioner performs very complete post mortem examinations, he may entirely miss the lesions of this disease, or mistake them for those of shipping fever or clostridial infection. Clinical signs and lesions characteristic of field cases may be experimentally reproduced in susceptible calves by either intravenous or intra tracheal innoculation with pure Haemophilus somnus cultures. Complement fixation tests confirm the widespread incidence of this infection. Development of immunizing agents for use in feedlot cattle may be warranted.
Rational basis for the prevention of parturient paresis
Authors: Mayer G. P.
Published: March 2023

Although several regimes have been reported which successfully reduce the incidence of parturient paresis, a program which is both universally acceptable and successful has not yet emerged. In this paper fundamental aspects of the syndrome will be discussed aiming to improve management practices through a better understanding of the basic processes involved in the disease
Review of the comparative efficacy of sulfonamides in cattle and economics of their use
Authors: Burkhart R. L.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented to a meeting of the AABP District 10, at Las Vegas, February, 1971 about sulfonamides.
Toxic syndrome in cattle in Tennessee
Authors: Slaughter T. S.
Published: March 2023

A toxic syndrome affecting both cattle and horses occurs in my practice area. A large percentage of the affected animals will respond to treatment with perfringens antitoxin (multitype B, C, & D Armour). Problem herds vaccinated with Electroid 7 ( JenSal) or perfringens toxoid are protected against this condition. Postmortem lesions are toxic hepatitis, encephalitis, nephritis, pulmonary emphysema, and enteritis. These non-specific symptoms were verified by laboratory reports.
International control of cattle disease
Authors: Benyon A. G.
Published: March 2023

An international approach to the control of cattle disease is becoming of increasing importance. The subject presents many problems for which solutions have yet to be fully developed. The formulation of correct solutions to these problems will hold the key to higher standards of world animal health and to the development of freer trade in livestock and livestock products on which the economic and social well-being of so many countries will depend.  Paper presented to a plenary session of the VII International Congress on Cattle Diseases, London, England, on August 2, 1972.
Etiologic studies of bovine winter dysentery
Authors: Scott F. W. , Kahrs R. F. , Campbell S. G. , Hillman R. B.
Published: March 2023

Study of 20 herd outbreaks of winter dysentery showed that the disease could be transmitted from affected to healthy cattle, but vibrios, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea, parvovirus, enterovirus and other cytopathic bovine viruses did not seem to be involved.
Hetacillin, a new approach to mastitis control
Authors: Christie G. J. , Keefe T. J. , Strom B. W.
Published: March 2023

Potassium hetacillin, a derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, showed in vitro bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative and -positive mastitis pathogens. Intramammary infusion of hetacillin (10 ml, containing the equivalent of 62.5 mg ampicillin activity, in stable groundnut oil gel) resulted in elimination of the pathogen in 81% of 619 cases treated; it was eliminated in 100% of Streptococcus uberis, 94% of Str. agalactiae, 80% of other streptococcal, 61% of Staphylococcus aureus, 86% of other staphyloccal, 63% of Escherichia coli, 78% of Klebsiella and 86% of Proteus cases. It was most effective against subclinical infections (89% elimination) followed by chronic (82%), acute (69%) and 'acute flare-up' (61%). Hetacillin was very effective when used in mastitis control studies involving 4 herds; it also significantly reduced (P < 0.001) CMT scores of 473 cases studied. There was good agreement between in vitro and in vivo results. The potassium salt of hetacillin (International Nonproprietary Name and British Approved Name for 'Hetacin K') was highly effective in acute, chronic and subclinical forms of mastitis caused by all the major mastitis bacterial pathogens, and gave very gratifying results when used on a herd control basis.
Show ring age determination
Authors: Cropsey L. Mac
Published: March 2023

As long as there is competition involved in livestock shows, there will be the tendency among some breeders to attempt to bend the rules on age. This same holds true, and even more so, with performance tests and bull test stations today. As long as there is this determination among breeders to win, there will be a need for some method to determine accurately the ages of cattle. Though we realize the imperfections of the system, “mouthing”is the best measure we have been able to come up with. Though breeders may curse it. argue itsmerits with rancor, pro and con, or shout about its injustice, there are few who would argue that it has made a valuable contribution to protect the credibility of the industry, cattle competition, including shows and bull gain test stations.
AABP News
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Officers, District news, Events, Awards, and other news.
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, FDA
Authors: Baldwin R. A.
Published: March 2023

At the Denver meeting in July, I met with the Food and Drug Committee of this association. During this meeting, I explained to the members present how the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act was enacted and the function of the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine within the Food and Drug Administration. The committee chairman, Dr.Robert Harris, asked that I write a brief article on this subject.
Isolation of Mycoplasma dispar from cattle in the United States
Authors: Ose E. E. , Muenster O. A.
Published: March 2023

This report concerns the isolation of Mycoplasma dispar from calves in the United States.
Some potential uses of prostaglandins in domestic animals
Authors: Oxender W. D. , Sequin B. E.
Published: March 2023

This review discusses the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in cows, mares and ewes for synchronizing oestrus and ovulation. Its clinical uses include induced abortion, induced parturition and treatment of anoestrus females. In cows it also appears to induce luteolysis, uterine drainage and oestrus in cases of postpartum pyometra.
Examination of problem mastitis herds in Ohio
Authors: Heider Lawrence E.
Published: March 2023

4 problems can occur in a dairy herd which may cause the herd to be identified as a problem mastitis herd. These are (i) antibiotic residues present in bulk tank milk, (ii) high bacterial count, (iii) high leucocyte count, and (iv) increased number of serious clinical cases with deaths. Milk samples were taken from Ohio dairies during the period from Jan. to May 1975 and data are given for (i) and (ii): less than or equal to 0.45% of samples contained antibiotic residues; and less than or equal to 7.5% contained >100 000 bacteria/ml. To determine (iii), milk samples were screened using the Wisconsin Mastitis Test and if a high reading was recorded, the leucocyte count was confirmed using Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count. Between 1/4 and 1/3 of Ohio herds were experiencing quite high leucocyte counts. Measures are outlined to assist the dairyman in preventing (i)-(iv) which involves: checking the environment, milking machine function and milking technique; cow examination and dry cow therapy.
Pathogenesis of fetal infection in ruminants
Authors: Osburn B. I.
Published: March 2023

Although a considerable amount of information about fetal infection has occurred in the last 15 years, criteria necessary for making a diagnosis have not been clearly established. Some explanations for the types of processes involved in fetal infections are reviewed in this article. Further research on this important problem is suggested.
Michigan Dairymen Indicate Demand for Veterinary Services and Client Education
Authors: Morrow David A. , Newman Louis E.
Published: March 2023

Description of the Medicine Extension Program at Michigan State University.
Problems with the exotic cross
Authors: Cropsey L. Mac
Published: March 2023

To prevent excessive losses in the new breeds is to cull heavily for fertility. There is a direct correlation between high fertility and very low incidence of double muscling.
Right displacement of the abomasum in the bovine
Authors: Baker John S.
Published: March 2023

The changes in the procedure include the instillation of mineral oil directly into the abomasum and the fixation of the abomasum to the ventral body wall. The fixation sutures are left in place for at least two weeks when they are cut at both emerging points but are not pulled out for fear of damaging the abomasal wall.
Udder Surgery
Authors: Espersen G.
Published: March 2023

Paper from the 9th International Congress on Cattle Diseases.
AABP Association and Conference News
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Officers, district news, events, awards, and other news.
Preventive medicine for cattle
Authors: Andrews A. H.
Published: March 2023

The third annual conference under this general theme was held by the British Cattle Veterinary Association at the University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington. Items were included under various subjects such as mastitis control, oestrous control, calf management and disease, computer utilisation, minerals, beef preventive medicine and parasites. About one hundred and thirty veterinary surgeons attended each day and they were augmented by about fifty farmers on the second day.
Management and treatment of toxicosis in cattle
Authors: Bailey E. M.
Published: March 2023

Intoxications in domestic livestock continue to confront practitioners with therapeutic and prophylactic problems. The current widespread and necessary use of pesticides in American agriculture continues to cause accidental intoxications in animals. Because of the continued likelihood of intoxications in animals, it is imperative that veterinarians continue their attempt to educate their clients to use proper handling and storage techniques. Only when the actual users and applicators of toxic chemicals control these chemicals properly will the incidence of intoxications be lowered.

The increased incidence of intoxications in domestic animals makes necessary the continued emphasis on treating disease conditions caused by toxicants. Consequently, the purpose of this communication is to briefly identify some of the more common toxicants which cause intoxications in animals, and describe the therapeutic and management procedures which should be instituted to treat the resulting disease states.
The World Association for Buiatric International Congress
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Description of the 11th International Congress on Diseases of Cattle, October 20-23, 1980. Tel Aviv, Israel.
Comparison of high level intratracheal saline lavage and conventional routes of antibiotic administration in the treatment of acute bovine bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Anderson J. F. , Stowe C. M. , Werdin R. E.
Published: March 2023

After diagnosis of pneumonia, 5619 cattle were given an antibiotic intratracheally. The results were compared with 1025 cattle given antibiotic intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously. 93% of intratracheally treated cattle completely recovered and 2% died; 82% of cattle treated by the other routes completely recovered and 6% died.
Advantages and disadvantages of circulatory and liver protection therapy of cattle
Authors: Grunder H. D.
Published: March 2023

Disorders of the circulatory and liver function systems may occur in countless and etiologically very distinct cattle diseases in both adult cattle and calves. The functional disorders may develop through diseases of the circulatory organs, or the liver itself—that means a primary organic disease. Additionally there are numerous secondary disturbances of these organic functions which occur as the result of other organic and infectious diseases, as in connection with certain metabolic disturbances, deficiency diseases or poisoning. In addition to the basic therapy, therefore, in many cases additional symptomatic treatment is essential for the preservation of the circulatory and/or metabolic maintenance of liver function. Aside from the clear medical indications, in addition to the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, the selection and application of such therapeutic measures must be carefully weighed in the treatment of cattle. The secondary effects—the danger of injury from drugs and the economics of the treatment must also be considered.
Clinical report
Authors: Gardner D.
Published: March 2023

The following case history became a nightmare to both veterinarian and owner before it was resolved.

A Holstein dairy farm containing 120 head was begun in Sept. 1976. The facilities were built from scratch upon recommendations from extension people and much personal investigation by the owner operators. The facilities were all under one roof for convenience and economy of construction. The feeding trough ran through the middle of the large housing barn which was divided by the feeding trough so the cattle could be split into 2 groups and fed according to production. The feeding system was a belt model designed so that silage and grain could be fed on one or both sides. The grain concentrate mixture was mixed by a weighing catch hopper before falling onto the belt. By the time the grain-silage mixture hit the bunk it was thoroughly mixed, so very little or no separation could occur in the trough by the cows. The amount of silage and grain being fed was determined by collecting the amount of each conveyed out during a specific time length and weighing it.
Bovine Practitioner No. 15 (1980 November). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Cover, masthead, table of contents, and other editorial information.
Comments on the eradication of bovine brucellosis
Authors: Nicoletti Paul
Published: March 2023

Some have suggested that any disease which can be eliminated from a herd can also be eradicated from a region and a nation. However illogical this conclusion, it is safe to state that the opposite is true. To eradicate disease, when possible, is surely wiser and ultimately cheaper. But, to promise eradication and fail to accomplish it results in cynicism and backlash. The promises of an early end of human venereal disease failed to consider the effects of changing sexual mores, drug resistant microbes, and inadequate reporting. The promises of eradication of brucellosis also failed to consider many factors which influence persistence of the disease.

It is unfair to suggest that eradication of one disease can be equated with eradication of another or that comparisons can be made between one region or an entire country to others. Conditions, including the technology of diseases, are often vastly different and these will prevent achievement of goals. The nature of a disease must be known and the methods for its manipulation must be based upon all available facts such as transmission, reservoirs, vaccines, economics, etc. There are many negative aspects in brucellosis control and eradication and some of these are further examined in this paper.
Forensic toxicology and the bovine practitioner
Authors: Edwards William C.
Published: March 2023

The Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory investigates a large number of cases each year, many of which have legal implications. The majority of bovine cases with legal implications involve oil field wastes, feed additives such as urea, feed contaminants such as mycotoxins, pesticides, drugs and malicious poisoning. The laboratory has also investigated cases of insurance fraud and animal mutilation cases where unusual drug residues were identified.
Animal toxicology hotline
Authors: Buck William B.
Published: March 2023

One of the major questions facing us today is how to assess the quality of the environment and its relation to our health and well-being. If harmful consequences from toxic materials are to be prevented, we must acquire and disseminate new knowledge about their biologic effects as quickly as possible. Through the recently established Veterinary Toxicology Information Service, the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University oflllinois is helping in the effort.
Rinderpest
Authors: DeTray D. E.
Published: March 2023

I will deal with control and eradication of rinderpest in the event of its introduction into countries like the U.S. where the disease has not previously existed.

One cannot overemphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis. We cannot deal satisfactorily with a new disease problem until we know the cause and the extent of the disease.

If there is any doubt in the field about a suspect disease being rinderpest the disease should be dealt with as rinderpest until laboratory tests are carried out. At this stage strict quarantine should be sufficient. Control of cattle movements is highly effective in stopping the spread of rinderpest.
African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Mare C. John
Published: March 2023

This general account of trypanosomiasis of domestic animals in Africa contains brief notes on history and distribution, aetiology (single or mixed infections with Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei and T. vivax), transmission, host range, clinical signs, pathological changes, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis and control.
British Cattle Veterinary Association: A report on the 1980 Annual Conference
Authors: Andrews Anthony H.
Published: March 2023

The West Midlands provided the setting for this year's Annual Conference of the British Cattle Veterinary Association which was held at the Shropshire Farm Institute, Baschurch, near Shrewsbury.
Preputial surgery on the bull
Authors: Bostwick J. L.
Published: March 2023

Failure of normal extension and retraction of the penis and prepuce in the male bovine animal of breeding age is cause for concern. Injury to the tender preputial tissue is a common occurrence, particularly in the young, sexually aggressive male.

Many promising young herd sires, and many older proven sires, have been removed prematurely from the breeding herd because of trauma to the preputial tissue. Corrective surgery and proper aftercare should reduce this loss. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate a technique designed to prevent unwanted complications following surgical treatment of preputial injuries.
Two-year survey of five herds with high Wisconsin Mastitis Test scores
Authors: Heider L. E. , Sturm R. R.
Published: March 2023

The first objective was to measure the effectiveness of mastitis control practices in herds with high WMT scores.

The second objective was to measure the effectiveness of 400 mg of novobiocin when used as the nonlactating period infusion component of the program, when novobiocinpenicillin was routinely used for intramammary infusion of infected lactating glands.

A third objective, in the event a herd did not respond, was to attempt to learn the reason or reasons for this failure.
Sustained-release oxytetracycline bolus for ruminants
Authors: Byford Ronnie L. , Riner J. L. , Hair Jakie A.
Published: March 2023

A matrix containing a hydrophobic binder, high-density non-toxic metal derivative (barium sulphate), a polymer (polyethyleneglycol) and the active ingredient, oxytetracycline constituted the components of the bolus. When 15, 17 or 20% oxytetracycline boluses were administered to fistulated Hereford and Angus heifers weighing about 364 kg and maintained on a dry-lot maintenance ration, a mean release of 92-172 mg oxytetracycline/bolus/day over a 60-70 day period was recorded.
Bovine Practitioner No.16 (1981 November). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Cover, masthead, table of contents, and other editorial information.
Management of anaplasmosis in beef cattle
Authors: Richey E. J.
Published: March 2023

Cattle that recover from anaplasmosis are carriers of the disease for the rest of their lives because their blood contains the Anaplasma marginale parasite. The blood from these recovered animals will cause anaplasmosis in uninfected cattle. Carriers very rarely become ill from anaplasmosis a second time. The unknown carriers in a herd of cattle are the most important source of infection for future outbreaks of the disease.

Anaplasmosis outbreaks are related to lack of a control program, the percent of the herd which are anaplasmosis carriers and the amount of vector transmission. (NO CONTROLS + CARRIERS + VECTORS = OUTBREAKS.) Either an increase in percent of carriers or amount of vector transmission can influence the severity of an outbreak. With this in mind, we need to consider control programs to prevent outbreaks, clearing up the carrier state, reducing vector transmission and treatment or management options available during an outbreak.
Animal agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Tillman Allen D.
Published: March 2023

Even though the average inhabitant of Indonesia had only 0.07 animal units and consumes only 2.5 grams of animal protein per day, animal agriculture is important to both the agricultural and overall economy. The significance of this statement will become clear as we study the farming system in Indonesia along with the purpose of animals in these systems.

Since Indonesia is a new country and is far-removed from the North American continent, it is possible that our understanding would be greater if there were discussions on some general features of Indonesia, such as its location and size, its people, and the total population and density. In addition, there are some distinct breeds in Indonesia, thus it is indicated that the animal genetic resoures be discussed.
XII World Congress on Diseases of Cattle
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

XII World Congress on Diseases of Cattle.
To use or not to use
Authors: Harvey Terence
Published: March 2023

The practice of veterinary medicine is clearly an art guided by, among other things, the principles of biomedical science, analytical reasoning, and informed choices. The primary goal of the training and experience of veterinarians and other health professionals is to instill learned judgement into complex clinical situations. Notice I said judgement and not certainty. How many times have you, as practitioners, seen the truly "text book case'? On the contrary, the art in practicing veterinary medicine requires cerebral analysis of many disparate and sometimes conflicting facts - all of which must be reasoned into a practical diagnosis leading to a safe and effective and timely remedy.

The FDA policy on the unapproved uses of drugs in veterinary medicine (and by unapproved I mean not in accord with label directions, e.g. changes in species, disease, dose, schedule, etc.) is that a veterinarian may use any product he can legally obtain. Let's tease this statement apart into the practicalities for and responsibilities of the practitioner.
Anaplasmosis treatment and control
Authors: Searl Richard C.
Published: March 2023

Anaplasmosis may be expected to occur annually during the vector season in those states and areas where the disease is know to be endemic. Recovered animals remain as infected carriers and are a source of infection to others. The movement of carriers frequently causes serious disease outbreaks in areas where veterinarians and producers may not be familiar with the disease.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza-3 virus in the nasal flora of dairy calves
Authors: Fulton Robert W. , Pearson Nancy J. , Potter Marylou T. , Springer W. T. , Downing Marian M. , Hagstad H. V. , Nicholson S. S.
Published: March 2023

Nasal swabs from 2-15 dairy calves (1-6 months old) in 20 herds, collected once in three sampling periods in one year were examined for viruses. Eight of 573 calves were positive for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) or parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V). Two herds had calves with PI-3V and one herd had calves with IBRV during the first collection (Feb-May). A fourth herd had 2 calves with IBRV during the second (June-Sept) collection. From this fourth herd PI-3V was isolated from a calf during the third sampling period (Oct-Jan). There was no evidence of respiratory disease at the time of sampling in calves studied.
Food animal gastroenterology case
Authors: Winter Janet L.
Published: March 2023

Cecal torsions are becoming more and more common. They appear to be related to high grain diets. The following is a case report of such an incidence, that occurred in a high production, Nebraskan, dairy herd.
Vitamins
Authors: Cain, Jr. Donald V.
Published: March 2023

This article provides information enabling the veterinary practitioner to decide why and when administration of vitamins is indicated, and how to use them properly. Vitamin sources and functions along with experimentally and clinically proven guidelines about vitamin usage for the neonatal calf are given. Tables on minimal daily requirements, practical daily supplemental levels, suggested prophylactic or supportive therapeutic doses, and reported toxic doses are also presented.
Enzootic pneumonia in calves
Authors: Hojbjerg Aage
Published: March 2023

A serologic examination on 24 calves older than 3 months shows that BRS virus seems more closely related to the acute stadium of enzootic pneumonia than IBR, PI-3 and BVD virus. Pneumonic diseases in calves can with great significance be prevented on a short term by giving tylosin, which at the same time gives an averagely higher daily growth.
Anaplasmosis in beef cattle
Authors: Corley Lane
Published: March 2023

Anaplasmosis, an infectious anemia of cattle and certain other ruminants, is caused in the United States by the hemotropic parasite, Anaplasma marginale. This disease continues to cause significant economic loss to the cattle industry. Methods for controlling anaplasmosis include identification and elimination of affected animals, segregation an d /o r treatment of carrier animals, prophylactic feeding of drugs, vector control and immunization.

The purpose of this communication is to present an overview of anaplasmosis with emphasis on methods of diagnosis and control.
Fiber II
Authors: Olson William G. , Stevens J. B.
Published: March 2023

Displaced abomasums (DA’s) can be a serious herd problem. Often DA’s may be preceded by other metabolic diseases at parturition such as milk fever or fatty liver syndrome. Various authors have described a variety of possible causes. Today we hear of DA’s occurring pre- or post-partum most often in the first 2 months of lactation. It is not uncommon for DA’s to occur at any time of the lactation cycle.

As a part of the metabolic profile test design project and our field services program, a standard approach was used to study these herd problems.
Effects of premilking udder hygiene on environmental bacterial contamination, chemical residue, and sediment in milk
Authors: Galton David M.
Published: March 2023

The objective of our work was to determine the effects of various udder preparations and disinfectants (udder wash sanitizers and postmilking teat dip used as a premilking disinfectant dip) on reducing bacterial populations, sediment and chemical residue in milk.
Maximizing the use of wheat
Authors: Wagner Don
Published: March 2023

Should I feed wheat? This is a question which many wheat/cattle producers have probably been asking themselves. As we all know, wheat is now cheap, about $3.20-3.60/bushel or $107-120/ton. There was a large carryover of wheat (well above 1 billion bushels) prior to the start of this year’s harvest—one of the highest carryovers in many years. Moreover, a possible record crop of near or above 2.5 billion bushels may be harvested next year.
Comparative clinical efficacy of fenbendazole and thiabendazole in feedlot heifers
Authors: Morter Raymond L. , Kazacos Kevin R. , Amstutz Harold E.
Published: March 2023

Heifers shedding eggs of nematodes or Moniezia were treated with either 5 mg/kg fenbendazole (FBZ) or 110 mg/kg thiabendazole (TBZ). 7 days later only trichostrongyle eggs were found (in 2 of 91 FBZ-treated heifers and 10 of 93 TBZ-treated heifers). The feedlot performances (average daily weight gain) were 0.75, 0.82 and 0.81 in the FBZ, TBZ and control groups, resp., over 34 days. The overall incidence of respiratory disease was 84 of 324 heifers used and was about equal in all 3 groups. Mortality was 4, 2 and 3 in the FBZ, TBZ and control groups, resp. Neither anthelmintic improved heifer performance.
Aspects of treatment of severe claw diseases in a large animal practice
Authors: Surborg H.
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on causes of lameness in cattle due to severe claw disease, on methods of restraint and anesthesia for their treatment and on the treatment itself in a large animal practice. Intravenous anesthesia can easily be carried out on the raised leg of the sedated animal. In the case of phalangeal joint involvment, puncture of these joints will give information about subsequent treatment. A wooden block attached to the unaffected claw will give relief to the treated one.

About 90% of all cause of lameness in cattle derive from the claw area. Hoof diseases are still an important economical factor in raising cattle and quite often they are the cause for selling these animals. Amstutz(1974) estimated the economic loss due to lameness of dairy-cows in the USA at $150. In most cases the patient is not presented for veterinary treatment until the animal is extremely lame. The milk yield is already reduced significantly and the patient has rapidly lost weight and the general state of health is affected.
XIII World Congress on Cattle Diseases (1984)
Authors: World Congress on Cattle Diseases
Published: March 2023

XIII World Congress on Cattle Diseases (1984)
Practical Aspects of Anaesthesia of the Bovine Digit
Authors: Jones R. S.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the XIIIth World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, S. Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Transmitters and Potential Transmitters of Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Authors: Barnard B. J. H.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the XIIIth World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, S. Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.