bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Interactions between European and Indonesian Cocoa Markets during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2011 European Debt Crisis
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis , Majid M. Shabri Abd. , Syahnur Sofyan , Musrizal Musrizal , Nova Nova
Published: September 2021

This study empirically explores the dynamic interactions between the European and Indonesian cocoa markets during the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) and the 2011 European debt crisis (EDC) using a battery of time series approaches of cointegration and multivariate Granger causality. The study documented a long-run equilibrium between the European and Indonesian cocoa markets, implying a reciprocal relationship. However, an inefficient adjustment transmission in the Indonesian cocoa prices was recorded throughout the study. The US currency constantly influenced Indonesian cocoa prices, while cocoa markets were independent of fluctuations in world oil prices. Overall, the study recorded a different level of the speed of adjustment of short-run imbalances to long-run equilibrium in the domestic cocoa market across economic crises.
The Group Experience
Authors: Wadsworth John
Published: September 2021

Knowledge of group dynamics and leadership activities is a component of the CORE Standards for the Master's degree curriculum in Rehabilitation Counseling. A group experience is often included as a learning activity in rehabilitation counselor education curricula as an instructional method of imparting knowledge of group dynamics. Group experience pedagogy may include process-observer methods, T-groups, demonstration groups, role-play groups, and activity groups. The choice of group experience method must balance the needs of the counselor-in-training with protection of the public and fellow trainees from harm. Harm can be reduced through the choice of a method congruent with the type of groups rehabilitation counselors are expected to lead.
Training in Vocational Assessment: Preparing Rehabilitation Counselors and Meeting the Requirements of the CORE Standards
Authors: Tansey Timothy N.
Published: September 2021

Assessment represents a foundational component of rehabilitation counseling services. The revised Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) standards implemented in 2004 resulted in the redesign of the knowledge and outcomes under the Assessment standard. The author reviews the current CORE standard for training in assessment within the context of rehabilitation counselors’ roles as informed consumers of assessment. Further, the author reviews current educational practices and evaluation methods intended to develop competency in assessment. An alternative framework for providing training in assessment is provided.
Generación de trayectorias de marcha para un robot humanoide a partir de captura de movimiento
Authors: Bravo Montenegro Diego Alberto , Rengifo F Carlos F
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se propone un método para adaptar las trayectorias de marcha de un ser humano a un robot humanoide. Las trayectorias obtenidas mediante captura de movimiento sirven como entrada a un generador de trayectorias off-line, llamado filtro dinámico en el que se tienen en cuenta las restricciones cinemáticas y dinámicas necesarias para impedir que el robot caiga mientras camina. Para validar las trayectorias se uso un simulador para el robot Bioloid Premium kit basado en el entorno V-Rep y después se implementaron sobre el robot real. A pesar de que la generación de trayectorias se lleva a cabo fuera de línea, el filtro dinámico es una buena opción para generar trayectorias que permitan mantener la estabilidad del robot.
Efecto de la temperatura en la fracción de vapor del crudo pesado en el reactor Vortex de cavitación hidrodinámica mediante CFD
Authors: R. Quiroga  , González-Estrada O. A. , González Silva G.
Published: September 2021

La cavitación hidrodinámica es una tecnología implementada recientemente para aplicaciones industriales, como el tratamiento de aguas, la generación de biocombustibles o el mejoramiento de los crudos pesados. Los crudos pesados se caracterizan por su baja gravedad API y su alta viscosidad, lo que resulta en un mayor costo de extracción, transporte y refinamiento, y un menor precio de venta por su menor contenido de fracciones livianas como la nafta. Por lo tanto, los reactores de cavitación hidrodinámica se utilizan para cavitar el crudo y mejorar la viscosidad, y la eficiencia depende en gran medida de los parámetros operativos, como la presión de entrada, la temperatura y el porcentaje de un donante de hidrógeno. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de la temperatura sobre la dinámica de fluidos del crudo en el interior del reactor Vortex HCR-Nano, tomando como variable de respuesta la fracción volumétrica de vapor. El estudio CFD se realizó utilizando Ansys Fluent, con cinco temperaturas diferentes entre 92 ◦ F y 350 ◦ F, modelado 3D de flujo en estado estacionario para fluido multifásico líquido-vapor, con modelo de turbulencia realisable k-ε y cavitación Schnerr-Sauer. Los resultados muestran que el volumen de vapor aumenta con la temperatura hasta, hasta un volumen de 1.507 cm3, donde la principal contribución se debe al efecto Vortex. Investigación adicional incluye el comportamiento de la cavitación hidrodinámica con diferentes crudos y parámetros operativos.
Efecto de la velocidad de avance en procesos de soldadura por arco eléctrico usando el método de elementos finitos
Authors: Rojas Nova Mauricio Andres , Calderon Vergel Luis Mario , Pertuz Comas Alberto David , Bohorquez Becerra Oscar
Published: September 2021

La soldadura es un proceso de unión de elementos comúnmente encontrado a nivel industrial donde uno de los tipos de mayor uso es el de arco eléctrico. Para su correcta aplicación se deben tener en cuenta variables como tipo de electrodo, amperaje, voltaje, velocidad de avance, polaridad, tipo de junta, entre otras. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la velocidad de avance, la cual repercute directamente en el modo de transferencia de metal y en la morfología del cordón de soldadura, por lo tanto, se debe definir correctamente con el fin de lograr satisfactoriamente la unión de los materiales. Para determinar su efecto se calculó el perfil térmico en una placa mediante un software de elementos finitos. Los valores de velocidad empleados se tomaron de especificaciones recomendadas por proveedores industriales de consumibles de soldadura. Además, la simulación se realizó para una junta a tope, donde se asumió que la energía aplicada sobre el metal era uniforme y constante sobre un área circular.
Un modelo meritocrático de producción de élites
Authors: Pineau Pablo
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo analiza la construcción del modelo meritocrático moderno de producción de elites en el caso del Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en la primera mitad del siglo XX.  Para tal, se analizan la propuesta curricular e institucional del período, las formas de selección de profesores y alumnos, algunos elementos de la cultura material, y las memorias de ciertos estudiantes destacados.
Esa propuesta meritocrática, que se diferenciaba del modelo oligárquico previo fundacional, se mostró cada vez más anquilosada en su respuesta a los nuevos procesos de democratización social y educativa. Esto se acentuó fuertemente desde el retorno constitucional en 1984 y la comprensión del nivel medio como parte del derecho a la educación.
Early childhood teachers' mathematics-specific professional competence and its relation to the quality of learning support
Authors: Lindmeier Anke , Seemann Selma , Wullschleger Andrea , Meyer-Wyder Anuschka , Leuchter Miriam , Vogt Franziska , Opitz Elisabeth Moser , Heinze Aiso
Published: September 2021

Teacher expertise research uses different approaches, among them competence models. The model of mathematics-specific professional competence in this study differentiates action-related and reflective competence, which pertain to different types of professional demands according to dual processing theories and should positively impact teaching quality. The cross-sectional study with early childhood teachers investigates the structure of teacher competence and its relations to the quality of learning support in line with the notion of adaptive teaching when playing board games. The findings support a differentiation of competences according to the model (structural validity evidence). Expected relations between competences and the quality of the learning support are partially supported (predictive validity evidence). The study hence adds to research on teacher expertise by developing a specific understanding of competence in line with existing theories. Affordances of using competence models, as well as difficulties and open questions with relation to the emerging approach are discussed.
Intractable Headache Akibat Fistula Karotis-Kavernosus Indirek Bilateral: Suatu Laporan Kasus
Authors: Hartono Rizky , Sani Achmad Firdaus
Published: September 2021

Pendahuluan: Nyeri kepala hemikrania dengan presentasi menyerupai nyeri kepala primer namun tidak membaik dengan  medikamentosa (intractable headache), perlu dicurigai suatu nyeri kepala sekunder. Etiologi nyeri kepala sekunder, ditegakan  dengan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik lebih lanjut. Adanya kelainan yang ditemukan, akan menuntun pada terapi definitif. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien dengan intractable headache dan ditemukan etiologi berupa fistula karotis kavernosus indirek dan membaik dengan tindakan embolisasi. Kasus: Laki-laki 29 tahun dengan nyeri kepala selama 2 bulan terakhir dan tidak membaik dengan medikamentosa. Nyeri kepala berdenyut pada sisi kiri menyerupai nyeri kepala primer dan makin lama makin memberat. Skala NRS 9-10. Keluhan disusul dengan pandangan mata dobel dan ptosis mata kiri. Dari MRI kepala sekuen TOF didapatkan gambaran hiperintensitas area sinus kavernosus. Dilakukan konfirmasi dengan serebral DSA didapatkan fistula indirek dari cabang arteri karotis eksterna dan intra bilateral menuju ke sinus kavernosus. Dilakukan embolisasi pada cabang arteri karotis eksterna kiri. Post embolisasi nyeri kepala menghilang tanpa obat-obatan. Kesimpulan: Adanya anomali vaskuler, pada kasus ini fistula karotis kavernosus, perlu dipertimbangkan pada kasus nyeri kepala intraktabel. Tindakan embolisasi merupakan terapi kuratif yang dapat menghilangkan keluhan nyeri kepala
Hubungan antara Kadar HBA1C dengan Hasil Sural Radial Amplitude Ratio (SRAR) pada Pasien DM Tipe 1 dengan Neuropati Diabetik Perifer
Authors: Hanifah Anny , Basuki Mudjiani , Faizi Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Pendahuluan: Neuropati diabetik perifer merupakan salah satu komplikasi mikroangiopati pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Manifestasi neuropati diabetik perifer paling banyak adalah polineuropati simetris distal, yang menunjukkan gangguan sensorik, motorik, serta penurunan refleks tendon dengan pola length-dependent. Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1 terbanyak diderita pada penderita usia muda, dimana saraf tepi memiliki amplitudo yang relatif masih tinggi, sehingga penurunan amplitudo yang  relatif kecil, masih dianggap normal. Perbandingan amplitudo saraf sural dan radial dapat mendeteksi adanya neuropati subklinis. Penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 1 dengan kadar glukosa darah yang tidak teregulasi dengan baik mempunyai risiko 25.6% terkena neuropati diabetik perifer. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar HbA1C dengan kejadian neuropati diabetik perifer pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan subjek penelitian menggunakan consecutive sampling admission yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan  eksklusi. Subjek penelitian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kadar HbA1C, amplitudo  saraf sural dan radial dan dihitung perbandingan diantara keduanya. Hasil: Pada 38 subjek penelitian didapatkan 31 subjek penelitian dengan Sural Radial Amplitude Ratio (SRAR) rendah dan 7 subjek penelitian dengan nilai SRAR normal. Hasil analisis penelitian didapatkan bahwa pada subjek dengan nilai SRAR rendah lebih besar pada kelompok HbA1C tinggi yaitu  26 subjek (83.87%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok HbA1C normal yaitu 5 subjek (16.13%).  Perbedaan  tersebut  bermakna secara statistik dengan p= 0.021, rasio odd 6.933 (IK 95% 1.173-40.981). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan negatif antara kadar HbA1C dengan kejadian neuropati diabetik perifer pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1.
Anthelmintic Efficacy of Ethanol Extract of Raw Kepok Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) Against Ascaridia galli Worms In Vitro
Authors: Rahayu Annastasya Yuliani , Wahjuni Retno Sri , Meles Dewa Ketut , Wulansari Retno
Published: September 2021

The aims of this study was to know anthelmintic efficacy through determine the concentration, duration, and interaction between concentration and duration of raw kepok banana peel ethanol extract against mortality rate of Ascaridia galli using in vitro method. Present study was used completely randomized design. This method of this study was used a total of 600 samples of Ascaridia galli with length of 7-11 cm without differentiating their sex. The concentration of raw kepok banana peel ethanol extract was divided into 25%, 50% and 75%. Physiological saline solution and piperazine citrate 10 mg/ml were being used as negative and positive control. Each treatment then being replicated six times. The recording of mortality rate was done at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours of observation. Ascaridia galli was confirmed death if there was no movement while triggered by anatomy tweezers and dipped in slightly warm water (50 0C). The data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test by SPSS 26 for Windows. The results were showed that in 75% concentration and 10 hours of treatment can cause the highest mortality rate against Ascaridia galli. Interaction between concentration and duration of treatment reveals that 75% concentration of raw kepok banana peel ethanol extract in 10 hours of observation was recorded causing the highest mortality rate against Ascaridia galli.
In-Vitro Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Permot Leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) Towards Mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Larvae
Authors: Nurcahya Intan , Damayanti Ratna , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Wijaya Agus
Published: September 2021

This study had three fold objective which were finding the effectiveness of ethanol extract of permot leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) towards mortality of Rhpicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) larvae in vitro and also identifying lethal concentration and lethal time. Completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replications. Five R. sanguineus were used in the treatment for all replication. The observation of mortality was done every ten minutes in five hours. Rhpicephalus sanguineus larvae were dead if there was no movement. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and followed by Duncan’s test. The obtained data showed that ethanol extract of permot’s leaf ethanol extract was effective toward mortality of R. sanguineus larvae in vitro. The suspension of 10% extract concentration of permot leaf ethanol extract has a similar effectiveness as Noticks®. Probit analysis stated that LC50 can be reached by using the 4% concentration in two hours and 2.4% concentration in five hours. LC95 can be reached by using the 6.5% concentration in two hours and 3.93% concentration in five hours. The quickest LT50 can be reached in 0.91 hours and LT95 ­2.37 hours after treatment with 10% concentration.
Identification of Ectoparasites and Endoparasites on Java Langurs (Trachypithecus sp.) and Silvery Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) in The Aspinall Foundation Indonesia Program
Authors: Fauzi Ghifari Lutfi , Suprihati Endang , Hastutiek Poedji , Setiawan Boedi , Wulansari Retno
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate and to identify parasites (endoparasite and ectoparasite) on Java Langur and Silvery Gibbon, these primates are rehabilitated in The Aspinall Foundation Indonesia Program. This research was conducted from February until October 2020. The fecal examination methods used in this research were native method and ovatec flotation method, while the ectoparasite examination used native method, mounting method, and scraping method. Based on a total of 68 samples examined, the result showed that 10 samples were positive infected by Trichuris trichiura and 2 samples were infested by Pedicinus ancoratus. The conclusion of this study indicated that the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 21.1% and Pedicinus ancoratus was 5.3% on 19 West Java Langurs, the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 3.3% and Pedicinus ancoratus was 3.3% on 30 East Java Langurs, the prevalence rate of Trichuris trichiura was 26.3% and no infestation of Pedicinus ancoratus was found on 19 Silvery Gibbons.
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot
Authors: Recordon James A.F. , Halanski Matthew A. , Boocock Mark G. , McNair Peter J. , Stott Ngaire S. , Crawford Haemish A.
Published: September 2021

Background:

In 2010, 2 authors of this current study reported the results of Ponseti treatment compared with primary posteromedial release (PMR) for congenital talipes equinovarus in a cohort of 51 prospective patients. This current study shows outcomes recorded at a median of 15 years after the original treatment.

Methods:

Patient health records were available for all 51 patients at a median of 15 years (range, 13 to 17 years) following treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus with either the Ponseti method (25 patients [38 feet]) or PMR (26 patients [42 feet]). Thirty-eight of 51 patients could be contacted, and 33 patients (65%) participated in the clinical review, comprising patient-reported outcomes, clinical examination, 3-dimensional gait analysis, and plantar pressures.

Results:

Sixteen (42%) of 38 Ponseti-treated feet and 20 (48%) of 42 PMR-treated feet had undergone a further surgical procedure. The PMR-treated feet were more likely to undergo osteotomies and intra-articular surgical procedures (15 feet) than the Ponseti-treated feet (5 feet) (p < 0.05). Of the 33 patients reviewed with multimodal assessment, the Ponseti group, compared with the PMR group, demonstrated better Dimeglio scores (5.8 compared with 7.0 points; p < 0.05), Disease Specific Instrument (80.7 compared with 65.6 points; p < 0.05), Functional Disability Inventory (1.1 compared with 5.1; p < 0.05), and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire scores (52.2 compared with 46.6 points; p < 0.05), as well as improved total sagittal ankle range of motion in gait and ankle plantar flexion range at toe-off. The PMR group with clinical hindfoot varus displayed higher pressures in the lateral midfoot and the forefoot.

Conclusions:

Although the numbers of repeat surgical interventions following Ponseti treatment and primary PMR were similar, the PMR-treated feet had greater numbers of osteotomies and intra-articular surgical procedures. Functional outcomes were improved at a median of 15 years for feet treated with the Ponseti method compared with feet treated with PMR, with advantages seen in the Ponseti group over several domains. This study provides the most comprehensive evaluation of outcomes close to skeletal maturity in prospective cohorts, reinforcing the Ponseti method as the initial treatment of choice for idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Addressing Smoking in Musculoskeletal Specialty Care
Authors: Thayer Logan S. , Tiffany Elizabeth M. , Carreira Dominic S.
Published: September 2021

➤ Physicians who advise patients to quit smoking substantially improve cessation rates, but cessation counseling is currently underperformed.

➤ Counseling, pharmacotherapy, and additional interventions can improve the chance of successful smoking cessation. Most patients require multiple attempts at quitting to be successful.

➤ A list of referral contacts and resources should be developed and routinely offered to these patients. The national Quitline (1-800-QUIT-NOW) provides free access to trained counselors and “quit coaches” for each state program in the United States.

➤ Government and private insurance plans in the United States are required (in most cases) to cover the cost of 2 quitting attempts per year including counseling referrals and medications.

➤ Several biopsychosocial factors that affect orthopaedic outcomes (weight, anxiety, depression, etc.) are also relevant to smoking cessation; management of these factors is thus potentially aggregately advantageous.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment in Mediating Organizational Cynicism
Authors: Wicaksono Prayudha Bangun Wicaksono , Muafi Muafi
Published: September 2021

This study discusses and analyzes the effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism on employees at the Shirvano Consulting Yogyakarta company. The population and sample in this study are 31 respondents who are startup employees at Shirvano Consulting. This research uses quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The analytical test tool used in this study is SmartPLS v.3.0 with SEM analysis method. The results of data analysis in this study are: (1) Transformational leadership has a significant negative effect on organizational cynicism; (2) Organizational culture has no significant negative effect on organizational cynicism; (3) Organizational cynicism has a significant negative effect on organizational commitment; (4) Transformational leadership has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (5) Organizational culture has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (6) Transformational leadership has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism; and (7) Organizational culture has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism. Three hypotheses are accepted, while the other four hypotheses are rejected. The implication of the theory is to contribute to increase organizational commitment by considering aspects of transformational leadership and organizational culture by the mediating effect of organizational cynicism. The managerial implication is that companies or organizations can implement strategies and policies related to these four aspects.
RNA Binding Proteins Shape Latent KSHV Genomic Structure: Identification of KSHV Episome Tethering Sites on Host Chromosomes
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Lyu Yuanzhi , Yanagihashi Yuichi , Chantarasrivong Chanikarn , Majerciak Vladimir , Salemi Michelle , Wang Kang-Hsin , Chuang Frank , Davis Ryan , Tepper Clifford , Nakano Kazushi , Izumiya Chie , Shimoda Michiko , Nakajima Ken-ichi , Merleev Alexander , Zheng Zhi-Ming , Campbell Mel , Izumiya Yoshihiro
Published: September 2021

In previous studies, we have shown that expression of a viral lncRNA, polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA) is essential for inducible viral genomic looping and distal gene activation during Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation. Here we identify viral lncRNA binding proteins, and show that an underlying molecular mechanism regulating the KSHV latency-lytic replication switch is via a viral lncRNA-CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4) interaction. Proximity biotin labeling, single cell transcriptomics, and siRNA screening along with complementation studies identified that CHD4's enzymatic activity silences viral gene expression by preventing transcription factory formation. Furthermore, Capture Hi-C, Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), and proteomics approaches together identify KSHV episome docking sites on host chromosomes and colocalization with a CHD4 protein complex, ChAHP, at epigenetically active genomic regions. PAN RNA binds and competes with CHD4 DNA binding in vitro, and KSHV episomes detached from these host genomic loci sites when reactivation is triggered. Our studies suggest that CHD4 exhibits strong repressor function by preventing inducible genomic looping, and is therefore important for the ability of KSHV to establish and maintain latency in a "poised" state at selected host genomic loci.
Nonlinear Vibration of a Nonlocal Functionally Graded Beam on Fractional Visco-Pasternak Foundation
Authors: Nešić Nikola , Cajić Milan , Karličić Danilo , Obradovic Aleksandar , Simonović Julijana
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a nonlocal functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a fractional visco-Pasternak foundation and subjected to harmonic loads. The proposed model captures both, nonlocal parameter considering the elastic stress gradient field and a material length scale parameter considering the strain gradient stress field. Additionally, the von Karman strain-displacement relation is used to describe the nonlinear geometrical beam behavior. The power-law model is utilized to represent the material variations across the thickness direction of the functionally graded beam.

The following steps are conducted in this research study. At first, the governing equation of motion is derived using Hamilton's principle and then reduced to the nonlinear fractional order differential equation through the single-mode Galerkin approximation.

The methodology to determine steady-state amplitude-frequency responses via incremental harmonic balance method and continuation technique is presented. The obtained periodic solutions are verified against the perturbation multiple scales method for the weakly nonlinear case and numerical integration Newmark method in the case of strong nonlinearity. It has been shown that the application of the incremental harmonic balance method in the analysis of nonlocal strain gradient theory-based structures, can lead to more reliable studies for strongly nonlinear systems. In the parametric study is shown that, on one hand, parameters of the visco-Pasternak foundation and power-law index remarkable affect the response amplitudes. On the contrary, the nonlocal and the length scale parameters are having a small influence on the amplitude-frequency response. Finally, the effects of the fractional derivative order on the system's damping are displayed at time response diagrams and subsequently discussed.
Target Occupancy Study and Whole-Body Dosimetry with a MAGL PET Ligand 11C-PF-06809247 in non-human Primates
Authors: Arakawa Ryosuke , Takano Akihiro , Nag Sangram , Jia Zhisheng , Amini Nahid , Maresca Kevin P , Zhang Lei , Keliher Edmund J , Butler Christopher R , Piro Justin R , Samad Tarek A , Smith Deborah , Nason Deane , O’Neil Steve , Trapa Patrick , Fonseca Kari R , Litchfield John , McCarthy Timothy , Carson Richard E , Halldin Christer
Published: September 2021

BackgroundMonoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key serine hydrolase which terminates endocannabinoid signaling and regulates arachidonic acid driven inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS). To develop [11C]PF-06809247 into a clinically usable positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, we assessed the brain target occupancy of a MAGL inhibitor using non-human primate (NHP). Additionally, we measured the whole-body distribution of [11C]PF-06809247 in NHP and estimated human effective radiation doses.MethodsSeven cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for brain PET measurements. Two PET measurements were performed in each NHP: one baseline and one pretreatment condition with intravenous administration of PF-06818883, a selective MAGL inhibitor, (total of seven doses between 0.01-1.27 mg/kg). Kinetic parameters K1, k2 and k3 were estimated by an irreversible two tissue compartment (2TC) model using metabolite corrected plasma radioactivity as the input function. Ki by 2TC and Patlak analysis were calculated. The target occupancy was calculated using Ki at baseline and pretreatment conditions. Two cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for whole-body PET measurements. Estimates of the absorbed radiation dose in humans were calculated with OLINDA/EXM 1.1 using the adult male reference model.ResultsRadioactivity was decreased in all brain regions following pretreatment with PF-06818883. Occupancy was measured as 25.4%-100.5% in a dose dependent manner. Whole-body PET showed high uptake values in the liver, small intestine, kidney, and brain. The effective dose was calculated as 4.3 μSv/MBq.Conclusions[11C]PF-06809247 is a promising PET ligand for further MAGL studies in human brain.
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Chondrosarcoma Older Than 60 Years ： An Analysis of 610 Cases from the SEER Database
Authors: Chen Tailong , Zhou Nan , Tang Zhongxin , Guo Xing , Wang Wengang
Published: September 2021

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of bone tumor which more commonly found in adults range from 40 to 60 years old. Few studies has described the characteristic and prognostic factors of patients older than 60 years. This study aimed to study this feature and identify the prognostic factors based on SEER database.Methods: Thus, we collected clinicopathological data of chondrosarcoma patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database from 1975 to 2018, and then use the Kaplan-Meier to analyze the patients’ survival. We also utilize Cox proportional hazard model to explore the prognostic factors and relevant characteristic including patients’ baseline demographics (age, race, and gender), tumor characteristics (tumor extension, histologic subtype, therapy, primary site, stage and grade.Results: After the implementation of exclusion criteria, there were 610 patients with chondrosarcoma older than 60 years. Our data showed that the incidence of chondrosarcoma is slightly higher in men than in women (52.3% vs 47.7%). In general, 90.8% of tumor had metastasized to distant sites. Meanwhile, 41.8% of tumors occurred in axial location (pelvis, spine, and ribs), 50.8% of tumors occurred in extremity (long or short bones of the upper or lower extremity), and 7.4% in other location (mandible, skull, and other atypical locations). Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (hazard ratio [HR] =2.553; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.754-3.716), grade (g2:HR:=1.299; 95% CI:=0.888-1.900, g3:HR=1.839;95% CI= 1.174-2.881, g4:HR=3.284,95%CI=2.053-5.253), distant metastasis (HR=3.264; 95% CI= (2.288-4.058), non-surgery perform (HR = 2.854; 95% CI= 2.022-4.028) were independent risk factors for 5-year overall survival.Conclusion: In conclusion, higher grade, non-surgery perform, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and distant metastasis indicated worse prognosis survival. Surgery can significantly improve the survival time of patients.
Spatial Spillover Effect of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation On Ecological Welfare Performance in China
Authors: nan guo bing , li tang , ru jia , ji lin
Published: September 2021

This paper constructs a theoretical model to deduce the mechanism of environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance, selects the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 ~ 2019, uses the Super-SBM model to measure the ecological welfare performance of China, and the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance in China is empirically tested by spatial Durbin model. The results show: (1) there are regional differences in the ecological welfare performance of different provinces in China, which illustrates an unbalanced spatial distribution; (2) there is significant positive spatial correlation between market incentive, command -control and voluntary participation environmental regulation and ecological welfare performance; (3) The impact of different types of environmental regulations on the performance of ecological welfare in China is heterogeneous. Command-control and market incentive environmental regulations can improve the performance of ecological welfare, while voluntary participation environmental regulations have no significant impact on the performance of ecological welfare; (4) From the perspective of spatial spillover effect, command-control environmental regulation is not conducive to the ecological welfare performance of neighboring regions, while market incentive environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of ecological welfare performance of adjacent areas. The spatial spillover effect of voluntary participation environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance in adjacent areas is not significant.
Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis on CBX3 as a Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker
Authors: Niu Hongjuan , Chen Peiqiong , Fan Lu , Sun Boyu
Published: September 2021

Background: Increased evidence supports the relationship between chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) and tumorigenesis of some cancers. However, the role of CBX3 in pan-cancers remains poorly defined. In the research, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value and the immunological functions of CBX3. Results: We explored the potential oncogenic roles of CBX3 in mRNA and protein levels based on the diverse databases, including the expression, the correlation with prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), DNA methylation, protein phosphorylation and enrichment analysis across all TCGA tumors. The results show that CBX3 is overexpressed in multiple cancers, and significant correlations exist between high expression and adverse prognosis in most tumor patients. We observed an enhanced phosphorylation level in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, colon cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. A distinct relationship was also found between CBX3 expression and TME, including immune infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune score or matrix score, immune checkpoints. The correlative transcription factors and miRNAs of CBX3-binding hub genes were analyzed to investigate the molecular mechanism. Moreover, alcoholism and alteration of DNA cellular biology may be involved in the functional mechanisms of CBX3. Conclusion: The first pan-cancer study offers a relatively comprehensive cognition on the oncogenic roles of CBX3 as a prognostic and immunological marker in various malignant tumors.
A Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials: Efficiency and safety of ondansetron in preventing post-anesthesia shivering during cesarean section
Authors: Zheng Guanghao , Liu Jianpin , Zhang Jieyu , Cao Fei
Published: September 2021

Objective Although ondansetron was considered to prevent post-anesthesia shivering during cesarean section, its efficiency remained controversial. Our review was conducted to estimate the efficiency and safety of ondansetron in preventing post-anesthesia shivering during cesarean section. Methods: The literature were searched from their inception to October 2020 without restriction of language. All randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of ondansetron versus placebo in preventing shivering during cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia were included. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results: Eleven randomized controlled studies with a total of 748 individuals were finally included in our meta-analysis. Our results manifested that intravenous ondansetron compared with intravenous placebo significantly reduced the incidence of PAS (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.68). Subgroup analysis according to doses of ondansetron indicated that the efficacy of 4 mg doses of ondansetron(RR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.64) is equivalent to that of 8 mg doses of ondansetron(RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.81) in preventing PAS. In addition, the intravenous ondansetron led to a lower incidence of hypotension than intravenous placebo(OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.70). We could not demonstrate differences in the incidence of bradycardia between intravenous ondansetron and intravenous placebo. Conclusion: Our results found that intravenous ondansetron was effective in preventing shivering during cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia, and had an advantage in reducing the incidence of hypotension compared with intravenous placebo.
Effects of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy On The Mortality and Complications in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Zhang Baoquan , Chen Xiujuan , Yang Changyi , Shi Huiying , Xiu Wenlong , Dai Yue
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate the effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on the mortality and complications in very low birth weight neonates.
Methods

Premature infants at a gestational age of < 37 weeks with a birth weight of < 1,500g were included in this retrospective analysis. Gestational age-matched pregnant women with normal blood pressure giving birth to a very low birth weight neonate served as normal control. HDP neonates were divided into three subgroups based on the disease severity, including gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Then we compared the incidence of complications among three subgroups. We also analyzed the relationship between the subgroups and the neonatal prognosis.
Results

The incidence of fetal distress, small for gestational age (SGA), mechanical ventilation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, ≥ 2 stage), and mortality in HDP group were significantly higher than those of the control. The 1 min Apgar score in HDP group was significantly lower than that of the normal control (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in fetal distress, 1 min Apgar score, mechanical ventilation, RDS and NEC (≥ 2 stage) among HDP, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia subgroups (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that pre-eclampsia was an independent risk factor for SGA (OR = 4.123, 95%CI: 2.783–6.109) and NEC (OR = 2.493, 95%CI: 1.161–5.351). Eclampsia was a risk factor for SGA (OR = 3.804, 95%CI: 1.239–11.681) and NEC (OR = 7.264, 95%CI: 1.771–29.797).
Conclusions

HDP may affect the prognosis of very low birth weight neonates. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were risk factors for SGA and NEC.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Using Culture Biomass of Aspergillus Niger :The Influence of pH On Textile Morphology And Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Rilda Yetria , Rinaldi Rifki , Syukri Syukri , Armaini Armaini , Refinel Refinel , Agustien Anthoni , Pardi Hilfi
Published: September 2021

The biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) is performed through enzymatic mechanisms, by controlling the particle size and morphology of the compound using the sol-gel method. Furthermore, this method utilizes stabilizer obtained from the cell biomass of Aspergillus niger bacteria, in order to yield homogeneous and consistent products, which corresponds with the XRD outcome that exhibits good crystallinity. The evaluation of functional, morphological, and antibacterial activities was carried out at pH 6.0-13.0, as the prepared samples were characterized by FT-IR. The analysis showed the interaction of hydroxyl groups, aromatic rings, as well as N-H and O-Zn-O compounds at a wavenumber of 401-584 cm−1. The XRD and SEM characterizations showed that the structure and crystal phase of ZnO were hexagonal wurtzite at dimensions of 36.2 - 45.4 nm. The differences in pH also influenced the dimensions, morphology, and antimicrobial activity. ZnO with pH of 8.0 was characterized by FESEM-EDAX, based on the analysis of morphological uniformity. This characterization obtained rod and cube structures, with atomic ratios of Zn = 61.5% and O = 38.5%. The UV-DRS spectrum showed that the optical band gap was not significantly influenced by the pH of the reactant solution, with a value of Eg = 3.00–3.11 eV. The differences in morphology further distinguished anti-bacterial properties on textile fibres, through the use of the Gram-negative and positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus), with inhibition zones of 17-21 mm and 21-25 mm, respectively. Therefore, ZnO is classified as a very strong antibacterial material compared to amoxicillin, with an inhibition zone of 13.6 mm.
Enhanced oil removal from a real polymer production plant by cellulose nanocrystals - Serine incorporated polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Asadi Azar , Gholami Foad , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar
Published: September 2021

As discharging oily wastewater from industries to the environment is a potential threat for the aquatic ecosystem, in this research oil removal from a real case of Kermanshah polymer production plant wastewater was investigated. The focus of this study was on improving the oil rejection performance of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane due to adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and modified CNC with Serine amino acid (CNC-Ser) in PES mix matrix. From the results, the membranes embedded with CNC-Ser showed better performance in terms of water flux, flux recovery ratio and oil rejection (higher than 97%) compared to the modified membranes with CNC. The lowest water contact angle (41.370), the smoother surface and higher negative surface potential (-24 mv) was achieved for the optimum loading of CNC-Ser. Besides, long-term performance of the membranes with optimum loading of CNC and CNC-Ser were compared in both dead-end and cross-flow set-ups.
Malaria Prevalence in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Children Living in Rural, Semi-Urban and Urban Areas in Eastern Gabon.
Authors: Kouna Lady Charlène , LIABAGUI Sandrine Lydie OYEGUE , VOUMBO-Matoumona Dominique Fatima , LEKANA-DOUKI Jean Bernard
Published: September 2021

Background
Malaria remains a major public health issue in the world despite a decline in the disease burden. However, though symptomatic malaria is diagnosed and treated, asymptomatic infections remain poorly known and support transmission. This study assessed the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic plasmodial infections in three areas in Gabon to monitor and evaluate the impact of malaria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF). Febrile children and without fever, aged 6 months to 15 years from three localities (Franceville, Makokou, Lastoursville) in south-eastern Gabon were included in this study. The Plasmodium Spp infection was determined by microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) followed by PCR according to the Snounou method. The data were recorded in Excel, and the statistical analyzes were performed using the software R version R 64x 3.5.0.
Results
Two thousand three hundred and eighty-one (2381) children were screened and included in this analysis. The mean age was significantly higher in asymptomatic children compared to symptomatic children. Hematological parameters varied significantly according to regions and clinical signs. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium infection was 40% (952/2381). In the urban area (Franceville) the prevalence of plasmodial infection was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic children. In contrast, a high prevalence of symptomatic plasmodial infection was found in infected children in rural and semi-rural areas. Among the three plasmodial species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale) identified, Plasmodium falciparum was the most widespread, and its prevalence was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic children in the three localities. In rural and semi-rural areas, a higher or lower prevalence of Plasmodium malariae was demonstrated in asymptomatic children.
Conclusion
This study showed that the prevalence of plasmodial infection varied according to the regions and clinical signs. The main species was Plasmodium falciparum, but in asymptomatic children the prevalence of Plasmodium malariae was high in rural areas. To help fight malaria more effectively asymptomatic infections should be taken into account and treated.
Optical Navigation-Related Factors Interfering With The Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Tian Wei , Shi Zhan , Li Zuchang , Fan Mingxing , Wang Qilong , Liu Yajun , Liu Bo , He Da , Zhao Jingwei , Lang Zhao , Ma Sai
Published: September 2021

Objective To explore navigation-related factors interfering with accuracy of robot-assisted surgery. Methods We made a measurement model to test the accuracy of the TianJi Robot system when performing the stimulated screw placement procedure. The three-coordinate machine was used to measure the deviation between the actual position and the planned position. We designed corresponding experiments to explore the effects of different navigation-related factors on the screw placement accuracy. The deviations were measured at different distance (ranging from 1.2 m to 2.2 m) between the navigation optical stereo camera and the tracker and each distance was measured 50 times. The distance between the optical camera and the patient tracker was set at 1.4 m and the deviations were measured at different angles between the camera and the robot tracker, each angle was measured more than 25 times. Data was donated with mean and standard deviation. The line charts were employed to describe the changes of deviations over one clinical factor including distance and angle. Results Within the available scope of navigation optical system (1.2 m-2.2 m), the deviation increased with the distance (χ2=479.107, P<0.001). The robotic system accuracy was high and stable (mean deviation 0.332 mm ± 0.067 mm) when the relative angle between the optical camera and the tracker less than 40 degrees. Conclusions Accuracy of robot system was affected by the relative distance and angle between the optical camera and the tracker. When placing and adjusting the optical tracking devices, surgeons should set the relative distance between the optical camera and the patient tracker as 1.4 m- 1.5 m and the relative angle less than 40 degrees.
The Impact of a Peer Social Support Network From the Perspective of Women With Fibromyalgia. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Reig-Garcia Glòria , Bosch-Farré Cristina , Suñer-Soler Rosa , Juvinyà-Canal Dolors , Pla-Vila Núria , Boix-Roqueta Esther , Noell-Boix Rosa , Mantas-Jiménez Susana
Published: September 2021

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic and complex disease whose management by patients requires a high level of commitment. Patient empowerment therefore represents an important milestone in chronic disease treatment and control. We explored the impact of a peer social support network from the perspective of women with fibromyalgia.Methods: A generic qualitative design was proposed for the study, for which women who had been diagnosed with fibromyalgia were purposefully selected. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted and the collected data were thematically analysed.Results: Three key themes emerged regarding the peer social support network: (1) empowerment (it facilitated acceptance of the diagnosis and was a source of information); (2) effects on wellbeing and quality of life (it attenuated stigma, improved physical wellbeing, provided emotional support and was a socialization medium); and (3) valuable aspects (it transmitted feelings of being understood and listened to and it increased personal feelings of satisfaction).Conclusions: A peer social support network for women with fibromyalgia exerts positive effects on their physical, mental, and social wellbeing and empowers them to better manage their disease. Healthcare for women with fibromyalgia should include strategies that connect them through peer social support networks.