bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate bias corrections of climate simulations: Which benefits for which losses?
Authors: François Bastien , Vrac Mathieu , Cannon Alex J. , Robin Yoann , Allard Denis
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate models are the major tools to estimate climate variables evolutions in the future. However, climate simulations often present statistical biases and have to be corrected against observations before being used in impact assessments. Several bias correction (BC) methods have therefore been developed in the literature over the last two decades, in order to adjust simulations according to historical records and obtain climate projections with appropriate statistical attributes. Most of the existing and popular BC methods are univariate, i.e., correcting one physical variable and one location at a time, and thus can fail to reconstruct inter-variable, spatial or temporal dependencies of the observations. These remaining biases in the correction can then affect the subsequent analyses. This has led to further research on multivariate aspects for statistical post-processing BC methods. Recently, some multivariate bias correction (MBC) methods have been proposed, with different approaches to restore multidimensional dependencies. However, these methods are not well apprehended yet by researchers and practitioners due to differences in their applicability and assumptions, therefore leading potentially to different results. This study is intended to intercompare four existing MBCs to provide end-users with aid in choosing such methods for their applications. For evaluation and illustration purposes, these methods are applied to correct simulation outputs from one climate model through a cross-validation methodology, which allows for the assessment of inter-variable, spatial and temporal criteria. Then, a second methodology is performed for assessing the ability of the MBC methods to account for the multi-dimensional evolutions of the climate model. Additionally, two reference datasets are used to assess the influence of their spatial resolution on (M)BC results. Most of the methods reasonably correct inter-variable and inter-site correlations. However, none of them adjust correctly the temporal structure as they generate bias corrected data with usually weak temporal dependencies compared to observations. Major differences are found concerning the applicability and stability of the methods in high-dimensional contexts, and in their capability to reproduce the multi-dimensional changes of the model. Based on these conclusions, perspectives for MBC developments are suggested, such as methods to adjust not only multivariate correlations but also temporal structures and allowing to account for multi-dimensional evolutions of the model in the correction.
Current glacier recession causes significant rockfall increase: The immediate paraglacial response of deglaciating cirque walls
Authors: Hartmeyer Ingo , Delleske Robert , Keuschnig Markus , Krautblatter Michael , Lang Andreas , Schrott Lothar , Otto Jan-Christoph
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In the European Alps almost half the glacier volume disappeared over the past 150 years. The loss is reflected in glacier retreat and ice surface lowering even at high altitude. In steep glacial cirques surface lowering exposes rock to atmospheric conditions for the very first time in many millennia. Instability of rockwalls has long been identified as one of the direct consequences of deglaciation, but so far cirque-wide quantification of rockfall at high-resolution is missing. Based on terrestrial LiDAR a rockfall inventory for the permafrost-affected rockwalls of two rapidly deglaciating cirques in the Central Alps of Austria (Kitzsteinhorn) is established. Over six-years (2011–2017) 78 rockwall scans were acquired to generate data of high spatial and temporal resolution. 632 rockfalls were registered ranging from 0.003 to 879.4 m³, mainly originating from pre-existing structural rock weaknesses. 60 % of the rockfall volume detached from less than ten vertical meters above the glacier surface, indicating enhanced rockfall activity over tens of years following deglaciation. Debuttressing seems to play a minor effect only. Rather, preconditioning is assumed to start inside the Randkluft (gap between cirque wall and glacier) where sustained freezing and ample supply of liquid water likely cause enhanced physical weathering and high plucking stresses. Following deglaciation, pronounced thermomechanical strain is induced and an active layer penetrates into the formerly perennially frozen bedrock. These factors likely cause the observed paraglacial rockfall increase close to the glacier surface. This paper presents the most extensive dataset of high-alpine rockfall to date and the first systematic documentation of a cirque-wide erosion response of glaciated rockwalls to recent climate warming.
Control of pre-existing fabric in fracture formation, reactivation and vein emplacement under variable fluid pressure conditions: An example from Archean Greenstone belt, India
Authors: Bhowmick Sreyashi , Mondal Tridib Kumar
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Most of the upper crustal fluid flows are strongly influenced by the pre-existing fractures/foliations in the rocks under a certain state of tectonic stress and fluid pressure condition. In the present study, we analyze a wide range of crosscutting fractures that are filled with quartz veins of variable orientations and thicknesses, from the gold bearing massive metabasalts (supracrustal) of the Chitradurga Schist Belt adjacent to the Chitradurga Shear Zone (CSZ), western Dharwar craton, south India. The study involves the following steps: 1) analyzing the internal magnetic fabric using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) studies, and strength of the host metabasalts, 2) quantifying the fluid pressure condition through lower hemisphere equal area projection of pole to veins by determining the driving pressure ratio (R'), stress ratio (ϕ), and susceptibility to fracturing, and 3) deciphering the paleostress condition using fault slip analysis. We interpret that the NNW-SSE to NW-SE (mean 337°/69° NE) oriented magnetic fabric in the rocks of the region developed during regional D1/D2 deformation on account of NE-SW shortening. However, D3 deformation manifested by NW-SE to E-W shortening led to the sinistral movement along CSZ. As a consequence of this sinistral shearing, fractures with prominent orientations formed riedel shear components, with CSZ as the shear boundary. Subsequently, all the pre-existing fabrics along with the riedel shear components were reactivated and vein emplacement took place through episodic fluid pressure fluctuation from high to low Pf at shallow depth (~ 2.4 km). However, NNW-SSE orientations were susceptible for reactivation under both high and low Pf conditions leading to a much greater thickness along the same. The deduced paleostress from fault-slip analysis, along with the kinematics of the fractures and veins are in good agreement with the previously revealed regional tectonics. Thus, integrating multiple domains of studies, help in the logical interpretation of fluid flow condition and vein emplacement mechanism in the study area that has not been ventured before.
Inter-comparison of snow depth over sea ice from multiple methods
Authors: Zhou Lu , Stroeve Julienne , Xu Shiming , Petty Alek , Tilling Rachel , Winstrup Mai , Rostosky Philip , Lawrence Isobel R. , Liston Glen E. , Ridout Andy , Tsamados Michel , Nandan Vishnu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this study, we compare eight recently developed snow depth products that use satellite observations, modeling or a combination of satellite and modeling approaches. These products are further compared against various ground-truth observations, including those from ice mass balance buoys (IMBs), snow buoys, snow depth derived from NASA's Operation IceBridge (OIB) flights, as well as snow depth climatology from historical observations. Large snow depth discrepancies between the different snow depth data sets are observed over the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic sectors. Among the products evaluated, the University of Washington snow depth product (UW) produces the overall deepest spring (March-April) snow packs, while the snow product from the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) provide the shallowest spring snow depths. There is no significant trend in the mean snow depth among all snow products since the 2000s, despite the great differences in regional snow depth. Two products, SnowModel-LG and the NASA Eulerian Snow on Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM), also provide estimates of snow density. Arctic-wide, these density products show the expected seasonal evolution with varying inter-annual variability, and no significant trend since the 2000s. The snow density in SnowModel-LG is generally higher than climatology, whereas NESOSIM density is generally lower. Both SnowModel-LG and NESOSIM densities have a larger seasonal change than climatology. Inconsistencies in the reconstructed snow parameters among the products, as well as differences between in-situ and airborne observations can in part be attributed to differences in effective footprint and spatial/temporal coverage, as well as insufficient observations for validation/bias adjustments. Our results highlight the need for more targeted Arctic surveys over different spatial and temporal scales to allow for a more systematic comparison and fusion of airborne, in-situ and remote sensing observations.
Precariedad e inestabilidad: contradicciones en el trabajo en las plataformas de reparto de comida
Authors: Fernández-Trujillo Moares Francisco
Published: March 2020

Las plataformas digitales han aparecido y se han desarrollado en un marco de crisis económica que ha supuesto la profundización de diversas formas de desigualdad, precarización, desmejora de las condiciones de vida para amplios grupos de población y ha generado cambios de gran envergadura en las economías. Esto habría supuesto que su expansión responda a una serie de características en concordancia con dicha situación. Así, enmarcado en un momento de gran expansión de las economías digitales y el capitalismo de plataforma, en este texto se pretende hacer una aproximación a algunas de las claves explicativas de los elementos de un tipo concreto de plataformas digitales: las plataformas de reparto de comida. Aquí se analizan algunas de las cuestiones que han supuesto, desde su aparición, mayor controversia y discusión: momento de emergencia, innovación, flexibilidad en el trabajo o su papel en el mercado laboral. Para ello se analizan algunos de los discursos presentados por las propias plataformas digitales de reparto y los discursos de los repartidores y repartidoras de estas plataformas.
Finding time in a future Internet
Authors: Paris Britt
Published: March 2020

In contemporary discourse, technological time is generally articulated as interface speed, human memory, or user attention. Philosophers of technology such as Bernard Stiegler and Paul Virilio, software studies scholars such as Wendy Chun and Alex Galloway, and sociologists such as Barbara Adam and Manuel Castells all suggest that the time of technology is bound with the cultural, political, and economic structure of contemporary society. What these fields leave relatively undertheorized is how technology is built in relation to concepts of time. This paper supplies an answer, derived from interviews and document data regarding a real-time videoconferencing application named Flume, which runs on Named Data Networking (NDN), a NSF-funded Future Internet Architecture (FIA) project that is currently underway.
Association of State Legislation and Industry Compensation to Orthopaedic Residents: A 3-Year Review of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database
Authors: Wills Bradley W. , Almaguer Adam M. , Robin Joseph X. , Archie Adam , McMichael Benjamin J. , McGwin Gerald , Ames S. Elizabeth , Ponce Brent A.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The Sunshine Act aims to increase the transparency of physicians receiving compensation from pharmaceutical and medical device companies. Nine states have supplementary legislation in addition to the Federal Sunshine Act. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of financial compensation to orthopaedic residents on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments Database in states with more restrictive regulations compared with those without additional restrictions.

Methods:

A complete list of accredited orthopaedic residency programs in the United States was compiled using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics websites. The website of each orthopaedic residency program was searched to compile a list of residents who attended their program from 2014 to 2016. The CMS Open Payments Database was used to search the residents identified for the corresponding years. All data available on the CMS Open Payments Database were recorded.

Results:

Over the 3-year period, 3,622 residents were identified from 151 programs. A total of 41% of the residents were reported as receiving compensation from the industry. The percent of residents reported from programs in less restrictive states was 45% versus 28% in more restrictive states (P < 0.001). Residents had a mean of 5.3 transactions per year in less restrictive states and 2.4 transactions per year in more restrictive states (P < 0.001). The mean compensation per resident reported was $2,730 for less restrictive sates versus $1,937 for more restrictive states (P < 0.001).

Discussion:

Overall, 41% of orthopaedic residents were reported on the CMS Open Payments Database with fewer transactions and less compensation going to residents in states with more restrictive legislature. Potential implications on resident education remain unknown.
Bestuurswetenschappen: wisseling van de wacht
Authors: Nelissen Nico
Published: March 2020

‘Bestuurswetenschappen’: changing the guard

In this editorial the former chief-editor Bas Denters and the new chief-editor Marcel Boogers of this magazine ‘Bestuurswetenschappen’ (the Dutch word for Administrative Sciences) are interviewed on the occasion of changing the guard. This change is a good opportunity to highlight the views of both prominent figures on developments in public administration, in local and regional government, as well as on the role and significance of our magazine. With its new chief-editor, it is entering a new period. The third decade of the new millennium will prove to be just as unsettled, and possibly even more turbulent, as the previous period. Social developments are unfolding rapidly. Public Administration must provide answers to these developments, but also act as a guide. Not from an inapproachable seat, but from a position that puts local and regional government in the midst of citizens and private initiatives.
Geschiedenis van de (lokale) bestuurswetenschappen: politicologie, beleidswetenschap en public choice
Authors: Reussing Rik
Published: March 2020

History of the (local) administrative sciences: political science, policy science and public choice

From 1964 until roughly 1990, political science would become the dominant approach within the (local) administrative sciences in the Netherlands. This central position was taken over from the legal approach. Important impulses from political science for Public Administration came only from the second-generation political scientists: Gijs Kuypers at the Free University Amsterdam, Hans Daudt at the University of Amsterdam and Hans Daalder at the University of Leiden. In their footsteps, a political scientist emerged who, through his contribution to several universities (the Free University, the University of Nijmegen and the University of Twente), had a great deal of influence on the further development of Dutch Public Administration: Andries Hoogerwerf. Two other approaches emerged from political science that were important for the development of modern public administration in the Netherlands, namely policy science and the new political economy (public choice). In this essay the author outlines the input of the main figures from political science, policy science and public choice until 1990 in various stages that are most relevant to Public Administration. These stages take us to various cities and universities in the Netherlands. In addition, we see important cross-fertilization between the institutions through the transfer of people from one university to another. After 1990 however, Public Administration would increasingly profile itself as an independent inter-discipline.
100 YEARS OF THE ILO AS A CONTEXT FOR A DISCUSSION ON THE FUTURE OF WORK
Authors: Męcina Jacek , Niedziela Michał
Published: March 2020

The authors of the article describe the impact of the International Labour Organization on the functioning of the labour markets – in Poland and elsewhere. Due to the changing realities of the world, Organization faces new challenges that require appropriate responses. Technological changes can result in signifi cant adjustments in the economy that will leave many people out of the labour market. At the end of the paper, the authors present reform proposals regarding the quality of work and the functioning of the labour market. Although labour market indicators in Poland are constantly improving, but the attention is shifted to other aspects, for example from fi ghting unemployment to increased promoting labour force participation and employment.
HYPERGONADOTROPIC OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY IN WOMEN OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Khvoryk Natalia , Aljazaa Hamed Asaad
Published: March 2020

Background. At present, the increasing frequency of hypergonadotropic ovarian insufficiency in women of late reproductive periods is associated with various problems, which requires the development of new criteria and an integrated approach to solving these problems.

Aim of the study. To investigate the causes, clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of hypergonadotropic ovarian insufficiency in women of late reproductive age.

Materials and methods. We examined 42 patients with clinical and laboratory criteria for hypergonadotropic ovarian failure. The causes and clinical manifestations of hypergonadotropism, as related to ovarian failure, in women of late reproductive age were revealed through this analysis.

Results. Women aged 36 – 42 years that have had previous surgery on pelvic organs often undergo changes typical of hypergonadotropism. Certain clinical indicators such as lability of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and other direct and indirect signs of decreased ovarian reserves allow practitioners to prescribe appropriate therapy on time. Timely diagnosis and an individualized approach can help prevent symptoms of hypoestrogenia and related complications. The results of this study show that early detection of a luteal out-of-phase (LOOP) event, along with a more detailed history was diagnosed in 16 (38.1%) of cases. Early detection allows more timely changes in diagnosis, may noted signs that can reflect both the normal state and pathology.

Conclusions. Levels of Anti-Müllerian hormone, basal levels of FSH in two successive cycles, early detection of an LOOP-event and the use of ultrasound are significant factors that can help in the assessment of ovarian reserves.
Estratégias de design para pós-produção de produtos de moda
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Lima Bruna Lummertz , Linden Júlio Carlos de Souza Van der , Rüthschilling Evelise Anicet ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: March 2020

Originado em uma tese de doutorado, este estudo propõe um conjunto de estratégias para a pós-produção de produtos de moda, com foco nas etapas de comunicação, venda, distribuição, acompanhamento da experiência do consumidor, logística reversa e encaminhamento do fim de vida. As estratégias propostas buscam ampliar a atuação de designers e empresas sobre as etapas finais do ciclo de vida do produto, considerando-as também como parte do projeto de moda sustentável.
2020Estratégias de Design Sustentável Para Pós-Produção de Produtos de Moda
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Lima Bruna Lummertz , Linden Júlio Carlos de Souza Van der ,   Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Rüthschilling Evelise Anicet
Published: March 2020

Originado em uma tese de doutorado, este estudo propõe um conjunto de estratégias sustentáveis para a pós-produção de produtos de moda, com foco nas etapas de comunicação, venda, distribuição, acompanhamento da experiência do consumidor, logística reversa e encaminhamento do fim de vida. As estratégias propostas buscam ampliar a atuação de designers e empresas sobre as etapas finais do ciclo de vida do produto, considerando-as também como parte do projeto de moda sustentável.
USO DA MATRIZ MORFOLÓGICA PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTOS DE MODA A PARTIR DE MATÉRIA-PRIMA RECILADA
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Bertoluci Cristiane Eloisa , Sanches Regina Aparecida
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar e experimentar soluções ambientalmente sustentáveis, utilizando resíduos de malharia circular de algodão e o tricô, para a fabricação de novos produtos de moda. Como matérias-primas principais foram utilizados tecidos defeituosos descartados por empresas e peças descartadas por consumidores. A ferramenta usada para o desenvolvimento do processo criativo foi a matriz morfológica, com esta técnica foram geradas aproximadamente cento e cinquenta ideias de produtos de vestuário. Cinco ideias de concepção de produtos foram identificadas como principais. Foi confeccionado um protótipo de um colete curto com o objetivo de mostrar a viabilidade da aplicação da matriz morfológica para o desenvolvimento de produtos criativos em moda. A reprodutibilidade da metodologia proposta foi testada com sucesso por artesãos que trabalham com técnicas de tricô manual.
A humanidade do fazer musical com as Tocatas
Authors: Augusto Raphael Duarte Alves , Kinceler Lucas Sielski , Silva Leonardo Lima da
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar a relevância social e musical do evento conhecido por “Tocata”, em Florianópolis/ SC. Proposta com a forma de um encontro informal, aberto e não restrito a músicos, a Tocata se abre como uma experiência compartilhada que favorece diferentes potencialidades do fazer musical, assim como a reinvenção da relação dos participantes com a música. Dada esta especificidade das interações e do convívio humano, tal como ali ocorrem, a Tocata nos possibilita uma experiência artístico-musical que se dá no devir de um processo criativo, simultâneo e coletivo, onde a ação musical pretende se apresentar de forma afetiva, espontânea e intuitiva. Os dados da pesquisa partem dos relatos de participantes registrados entre 2015 e 2016 para o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso: Convívio Experimental e Improvisação Musical na Tocata: da produção de uma atitude ético-estética. Situamos estes relatos em articulação com a nossa própria experiência, enquanto participantes e pesquisadores no campo da música e artes visuais, e em diálogo com estes campos introduzimos descrições da Tocata e reflexões que nos acompanham no decorrer dos últimos anos.
Qualidade da água utilizada na irrigação de produtos orgânicos: o caso de um polo agrícola em Paço Lumiar/MA
Authors: Rodrigues Jeferson Botelho , Silva Débora Danna Soareas da , Freitas Stephanie Jael Negrão de , Cabral Ana Carla Leite Carvalho , Pfeiff Greicy Kelly , Amorim Islia Lima de Sousa
Published: March 2020

O Polo Agrícola Hort Canaã – MA pratica a agricultura familiar orgânica e irriga as suas culturas com água proveniente de um poço artesiano localizado no seu próprio terreno, tendo em vista que, a água de irrigação é o maior fator de influência na quantidade de doenças em uma lavoura, faz-se necessário estudar a qualidade das águas utilizadas para irrigação, principalmente aquelas que irrigam produtos orgânicos, que precisam está livre de contaminantes para não prejudicar a produção. Diante disso, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea para fins de irrigação utilizada no Polo Agrícola Hort Canaã da Vila Residencial Nova Canaã localizado no município de Paço do Lumiar/MA. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pH, dureza total, cálcio, magnésio, alcalinidade e parâmetros microbiológicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que com exceção do pH, as demais variáveis não apresentaram risco de dano ao sistema de irrigação e a qualidade da água irrigada.
Gestão escolar e seus modelos: um desafio para a qualidade de ensino
Authors: Pereira Ismael Antonello
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo faz a proposição para que se tenha um olhar mais reflexivo sobre os modelos de gestão existentes dentro das instituições de ensino, e em consequência de que forma os mesmos aparecem neste cenário educativo, visto que uns aparecem de forma positiva e outros de forma negativa para aquele espaço. Contudo, ainda será discutido neste trabalho, dentro de um processo mais amplo, quais ações educativas podem se efetivar por meio do gestor, considerando assim a gestão escolar como importante instrumento pedagógico e agente de construção do conhecimento discente.
A avaliação como instrumento eficaz para a qualidade do processo de alfabetização de jovens e adultos
Authors: Pereira Ismael Antonello
Published: March 2020

No processo de alfabetização de adultos a avaliação é uma das ferramentas imprescindíveis, visto que os alunos precisam constantemente saber como está a sua aprendizagem. Contudo, o professor também necessita estar sempre sendo perceptível ao seu próprio planejamento, por meio do resultado das suas ações, as quais podem possibilitar uma transformação no ato de ensinar e aprender. A avaliação é mediação entre o ensino do professor e a aprendizagem do aluno. É o ‘fio’ da comunicação entre formas de ensinar e formas de aprender. Para isso, é preciso considerar que os alunos aprendem diferentemente porque tem histórias de vidas diferentes, ou seja, são sujeitos históricos e isso condiciona sua relação com o mundo, e influencia sua forma de aprender. Os estudos teóricos que trazem orientações sobre aprendizagem na alfabetização de jovens e adultos são realizados com a finalidade de contribuir para a melhoria na qualidade de ensino e, no caso da alfabetização de jovens e adultos especificamente, buscam-se entender as dificuldades nesse processo de ensino para ver da possibilidade de outras formas de avaliação além daquelas que costumeiramente são usadas.
Las tutorías con las familias en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: Percepción de padres, madres y profesorado tutor
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Beatriz , Martínez-González Raquel Amaya , Ceballos-Vacas Esperanza María
Published: March 2020

En este estudio se analiza la percepción de los padres, las madres y el profesorado tutor sobre quién toma la iniciativa de sus encuentros y los motivos para ello. Han participado 440 padres y 440 madres de las mismas unidades familiares con hijos e hijas en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), y 35 tutores y tutoras de este alumnado. La recogida de información se realizó en las comunidades autónomas de Asturias y Canarias con la Escala de Relaciones entre la Familia y el Centro Escolar (Martínez-González, 1994). Los análisis comparativos realizados a través de la t de Student entre la perspectiva de cada uno de los progenitores/as y los tutores/as indican que todos los colectivos coinciden en señalar que contactan con poca frecuencia, y que cuando lo hacen es para comentar, en general, los progresos académicos de sus hijos e hijas. Los aspectos familiares y personales del alumnado, y la organización de actividades conjuntas no suelen ser motivo de las reuniones tutoriales. De ello se pueden extraer orientaciones y sugerencias de actuación.

This study analyzes the perception of fathers, mothers and the tutor teachers about who takes the initiative of their meetings and the reasons for it. 440 fathers and 440 mothers of the same family unit with children in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO), and 35 tutors of these students participated. The information was gathered in the autonomous communities of Asturias and the Canary Islands through the Scale on School-Family Relationship (Martínez-González, 1994). The comparative analyses between the perspective of each of the parents and the tutors were carried out through the Student's t, indicating that all the groups agree that they contact with little frequency, and when they do it is to comment, in general, on the academic progress of the children. Interest on the family and on other personal aspects of the students, and on organizing activities together with the parents are not usually reasons for tutorial meetings. From these results, guidelines and suggestions for action can be drawn.
Análisis correlacional de los factores incidentes en el nivel de competencia digital del profesorado
Authors: Pozo Sánchez Santiago , López Belmonte Jesús , Fernández Cruz Manuel , L´ópez Núñez Juan Antonio
Published: March 2020

Conocer los factores que inciden en la competencia digital docente es imprescindible para que los centros educativos elaboren planes formativos adaptados a las necesidades del alumnado actual. El objetivo de investigación se centra en conocer la incidencia que ejercen en el nivel de competencia digital algunos factores inherentes a la función docente: sexo, edad, experiencia, etapa educativa y nivel de formación. Se ha empleado un diseño cuantitativo sustentado en un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional, con una muestra de 520 docentes españoles de las etapas de infantil, primaria y secundaria. Se empleó un cuestionario validado para medir la competencia digital y otro cuestionario ad hoc para los datos sociodemográficos y formativos. Los resultados revelan que las mujeres disponen de mayor nivel en la creación de contenidos digitales que los hombres, los cuales destacan en la resolución de problemas; existe una relación inversamente proporcional entre edad y nivel competencial; la experiencia mejora el nivel de seguridad digital; la etapa incide en el nivel de información y alfabetización, comunicación y creación de contenidos; el nivel de formación continua es directamente proporcional al nivel competencial. Se concluye que los factores inherentes a la práctica educativa indicen significativamente en el nivel de competencia digital docente.

Knowing the factors that affect the digital teaching competence is essential for schools to develop training plans tailored to the needs of current students. The research objective is focused on knowing the incidence that some factors inherent to the teaching function have on the level of digital competence: sex, age, experience, educational stage and level of training. A quantitative design based on a descriptive and correlational approach has been used, with a sample of 520 Spanish teachers from the infant, primary and secondary stages. A validated questionnaire was used to measure digital competence and another ad hoc questionnaire for sociodemographic and formative data. The results reveal that women have a higher level of digital content creation than men, which stand out in solving problems; there is an inversely proportional relationship between age and competence level; the experience improves the level of digital security; the stage affects the level of information and literacy, communication and content creation; The level of continuing education is directly proportional to the competence level. It is concluded that the factors inherent in educational practice significantly indicate the level of digital teaching competence.
Kun i mørket er alle katte grå
Authors: Nørgaard Asbjørn Sonne , Klemmensen Robert , Thisted Dinesen Peter , Skytthe Axel
Published: March 2020

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Rosa Vallverdú: «El 'Polònia' llega tan justo que debemos subtitularlo en directo»
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2020

Rosa Vallverdú, responsable del Servicio de Accesibilidad de TV3, es entrevistada por la profesora Judith Clares-Gavilán en el marco del proyecto de investigación «EU-OS Patrimonio cultural inmaterial. Para un programa europeo de subtitulado en lenguas no hegemónicas» (CSO2016-76014-R), del grupo Estudos Audiovisuais de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
The influence of Christian anthropological thought on a person’s decision regarding participation in organ donation programs: the concepts of flash and sacrifice in the context of transplantology
Authors: Kurganova Irina Gennadievna
Published: March 2020

This research carries an interdisciplinary character. The problems of religious-philosophical anthropology are viewed in the context of transplantology. The Christian concepts of flash and sacrifice are selected for the analysis. Natural determinacy and freedom of will represent the two poles of countless religious-philosophical factors influencing the person’s choice of potential participation in organ donation programs. The article explores these piles based on the concepts of flash and sacrifice. The first concept is analyzed within the framework of the Christian anthropological thought (mostly Eastern Orthodox tradition), while the second one – in a broader context of Christian religious philosophy in relation to existential philosophy. The method of the phenomenology of religion is applied for identification and comprehension of the specific religious meanings, which comprise the content of the referred concepts and influence the formation of perception models of organ donation in the society. The author is first to examine the impact of the concepts of Christian anthropology upon a person’s decision regarding participation in the organ donation programs. The study also analyses the religious meanings within concepts of flash and sacrifice, which most likely may be viewed as the “pros and cons” arguments of participation of a Christian in transplant programs.
Seasonal pattern of influenza and the association with meteorological factors based on wavelet analysis in Jinan City, Eastern China, 2013–2016
Authors: Su Wei , Liu Ti , Geng Xingyi , Yang Guoliang
Published: March 2020

Background

Influenza is a disease under surveillance worldwide with different seasonal patterns in temperate and tropical regions. Previous studies have conducted modeling of influenza seasonality using climate variables. This study aimed to identify potential meteorological factors that are associated with influenza seasonality in Jinan, China.

Methods

Data from three influenza sentinel hospitals and respective climate factors (average temperature, relatively humidity (RH), absolute humidity (AH), sunshine duration, accumulated rainfall and speed of wind), from 2013 to 2016, were collected. Statistical and wavelet analyses were used to explore the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus and its potential association with climate factors.

Results

The dynamic of influenza was characterized by annual cycle, with remarkable winter epidemic peaks from December to February. Spearman’s correlation and wavelet coherence analysis illuminated that temperature, AH and atmospheric pressure were main influencing factors. Multiple wavelet coherence analysis showed that temperature and atmospheric pressure might be the main influencing factors of influenza virus A(H3N2) and influenza virus B, whereas temperature and AH might best shape the seasonality of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. During the epidemic season, the prevalence of influenza virus lagged behind the change of temperature by 1–8 weeks and atmospheric pressure by 0.5–3 weeks for different influenza viruses.

Conclusion

Climate factors were significantly associated with influenza seasonality in Jinan during the influenza epidemic season and the optional time for influenza vaccination is before November. These finding should be considered in influenza planning of control and prevention.
A fast robust optimizer for intensity modulated proton therapy using GPU
Authors: Xu Yao , Chen Jinhu , Cao Ruifen , Liu Hongdong , Xu Xie George , Pei Xi
Published: March 2020

Robust optimization has been shown to be effective for stabilizing treatment planning in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), but existing algorithms for the optimization process is time‐consuming. This paper describes a fast robust optimization tool that takes advantage of the GPU parallel computing technologies. The new robust optimization model is based on nine boundary dose distributions — two for ±range uncertainties, six for ±set‐up uncertainties along anteroposterior (A‐P), lateral (R‐L) and superior‐inferior (S‐I) directions, and one for nominal situation. The nine boundary influence matrices were calculated using an in‐house finite size pencil beam dose engine, while the conjugate gradient method was applied to minimize the objective function. The proton dose calculation algorithm and the conjugate gradient method were tuned for heterogeneous platforms involving the CPU host and GPU device. Three clinical cases — one head and neck cancer case, one lung cancer case, and one prostate cancer case — were investigated to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of the proposed robust optimizer. Compared with results from Varian Eclipse (version 13.3), the proposed method is found to be conducive to robust treatment planning that is less sensitive to range and setup uncertainties. The three tested cases show that targets can achieve high dose uniformity while organs at risks (OARs) are in better protection against setup and range errors. Based on the CPU + GPU heterogeneous platform, the execution times of the head and neck cancer case and the prostate cancer case are much less than half of Eclipse, while the run time of the lung cancer case is similar to that of Eclipse. The fast robust optimizer developed in this study can improve the reliability of traditional proton treatment planning in a much faster speed, thus making it possible for clinical utility.
To ease anxiety over coronavirus, leaders prescribe dose of common sense
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2020

Wash hands thoroughly.
Former SAMHSA official on need for mobile methadone
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

Bob Lubran was at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) when the methadone mobile units were seen as vital — long before the current opioid crisis. The former head of SAMHSA's Division of Pharmacologic Therapies (DPT), Lubran told ADAW last week that the mobile units were being approved up until the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) stopped them in 2007 due to a legal issue. We were curious about what went on behind the scenes at SAMHSA after the approvals were shut down, during the same years when the opioid crisis was growing.
Articular Repair/Regeneration in Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions: From Advanced In Vitro to In Vivo Models
Authors: Teixeira José H. , Pereira Catarina Leite , Almeida Maria Inês , Teixeira Graciosa Q. , Gonçalves Raquel M. , Barbosa Mário A. , Santos Susana G.
Published: March 2020

The burden of chronic inflammatory diseases of joints and the spine is increasing with population ageing and unhealthy lifestyles. Articular cartilage and intervertebral discs (IVDs) are avascular and aneural tissues with abundant extracellular matrix, low cell density, and reduced regenerative capacity after damage or degeneration. The most advanced in vitro and ex vivo cell‐/tissue‐/biomaterial‐based models and technologies to improve physiological mimicry are discussed, focusing on the impact of inflammation on articular repair/regeneration. In addition, in vivo models, developed to study cartilage and IVD repair/regeneration are addressed. While animal models continue to provide crucial mechanistic and preclinical data, more advanced and robust in vitro/ex vivo cartilage and IVD models, with appropriate extracellular matrix cues and allowing for cellular crosstalk, have seen an exponential growth in the last decade. Due to the complexity of articular microenvironments, adequate in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo models are essential to study the molecular mechanisms underlying articular diseases and develop new therapies for repair/regeneration.
Shaping the Future of Solid‐State Electrolytes through Computational Modeling
Authors: Baktash Ardeshir , Reid James C. , Yuan Qinghong , Roman Tanglaw , Searles Debra J.
Published: March 2020

Advances and progress in computational research that aims to understand and improve solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are outlined. One of the main challenges in the development of all‐solid‐state batteries is the design of new SSEs with high ion diffusivity that maintain chemical and phase stability and thereby provide a wide electrochemical stability window. Solving this problem requires a deep understanding of the diffusion mechanism and properties of the SSEs. A second important challenge is the development of an understanding of the interface between the SSE and the electrode. The role of molecular simulations and modeling in dealing with these challenges is discussed, with reference to examples in the literature. The methods used and issues considered in recent years are highlighted. Finally, a brief outlook about the future of modeling in studying solid‐state battery technology is presented.
Binding Zinc Ions by Carboxyl Groups from Adjacent Molecules toward Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Wang Caixing , Ni Zhigang , Gu Yuming , Wang Bingliang , Guo Zhaowei , Wang Zhuo , Bin Duan , Ma Jing , Wang Yonggang
Published: March 2020

The newly emerged aqueous Zn–organic batteries are attracting extensive attention as a promising candidate for energy storage. However, most of them suffer from the unstable and/or soluble nature of organic molecules, showing limited cycle life (≤3000 cycles) that is far away from the requirement (10 000 cycles) for grid‐scale energy storage. Here, a new aqueous zinc battery is proposed by using sulfur heterocyclic quinone dibenzo[b,i]thianthrene‐5,7,12,14‐tetraone (DTT) as the cathode. The cell shows a high reversible capacity of 210.9 mAh gDTT−1 at 50 mA gDTT−1 with a high mass loading of 5 mgDTT cm−2, along with a fast kinetics for charge storage. Electrochemical measurements, ex situ analyses, and density functional theory calculation successfully demonstrate that the DTT electrode can simultaneously store both protons (H+) and Zn2+ to form DTT2(H+)4(Zn2+), where Zn2+ is bound to the carboxyl groups from the adjacent DTT molecules with improved stability. Benefitting from the improved molecular stability and the inherent low solubility of DTT and related discharge products, the DTT//Zn full cell exhibits a superlong life of 23 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 83.8%, which is much superior to previous reports.
Crosslinking Induced Reassembly of Multiblock Polymers: Addressing the Dilemma of Stability and Responsivity
Authors: Yang Rui , Zheng Yi , Shuai Xiaoyu , Fan Fan , He Xueling , Ding Mingming , Li Jianshu , Tan Hong , Fu Qiang
Published: March 2020

Physical or chemical crosslinking of polymeric micelles has emerged as a straightforward approach to overcome the intrinsic instability of assemblies. However, the crosslinking process may compromise the responsivity of nanosystems and result in inefficient release of payloads. To address this dilemma, a crosslinking induced reassembly (CIRA) strategy is reported here to simultaneously increase the kinetic and thermodynamic stability and redox‐responsivity of polymeric micelles. It is found that the click crosslinking of a model multiblock polyurethane at the micellar interface induces microphase separation between the soft and hard segments. The aggregation of hard domains gathers liable disulfide linkages around the interlayer of micelles, which could facilitate the attack of reducing agents and act as an intelligent on‐off switch for high stability and triggered release. As a result, the CIRA approach enables an enhanced tumor targeting, improved biodistribution and excellent therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This work provides a facile and versatile platform for controlled delivery applications.
Silicon mitigates ammonium toxicity in plants
Authors: Campos Cid Naudi Silva , Silva Júnior Gabriel Barbosa da , Prado Renato de Mello , David Carlos Henrique Oliveira de , Souza Junior Jonas Pereira de , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: March 2020

The search for high yield has identified ammonium toxicity as a problem in arable soils world wide. Ammonia toxicity can be suppressed by the use of silicon, but this fact still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the harmful effects of ammonium toxicity on model plants, and to determine the effects of Si on the mitigation of abiotic stress. Some plant species are considered as tolerant, and others as sensitive to high N concentrations. In sensitive plants, high ammonium concentrations may hinder the plant's development and even lead to the plant's death due to biochemical, physiological, and nutritional changes. Studies have demonstrated that silicon can mitigate or alleviate the deleterious effects caused by the toxic effect of NH4+. These findings were attributed to improvements in the physiological and nutritional parameters of plants. Given the importance of ionic balance between N forms for the plant's development, further studies must be performed to detect mechanisms promoted by Si to decrease or mitigate the harmful effects caused by excess ammonium in plants.
Effect of physical damage to early‐ and late‐maturing cotton cultivars
Authors: Plumblee Michael T. , Dodds Darrin M. , Krutz L. Jason , Raper Tyson B. , Jones Andrea S. , Catchot Angus L. , Irby J. Trenton , Jenkins Johnie N.
Published: March 2020

Determining the effects of timing and intensity of physical damage in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in the Mid‐South could improve management decisions and insurance adjustments after weather‐ or wildlife‐related crop damage has occurred. Research was conducted to quantify the effects of time of damage and intensity of damage on early‐ and late‐maturing cotton varieties in the Mid‐South. Cultivar selection affected plant height at first bloom, first bloom + 4 wk, and harvest (p ≤ .0008), and number of nodes at first bloom + 4 wk and harvest (p ≤ .0372). The interaction of intensity of damage by time of damage had an effect on plant height and number of nodes at pinhead square, first bloom, first bloom + 4 wk, and at harvest (p ≤ .0001), where reductions in plant height ranged from 20 to 57% and the number of nodes were reduced by 12–64% as damage increased when compared to the untreated check. Damage intensity by time of damage interaction affected lint turnout, lint yield, micronaire, fiber length, and fiber strength (p ≤ .0391). Reductions in lint yield (11–70%), lint turnout (2–6%), and micronaire (3–8%) were observed. Increases of 3 and 2% in fiber length and fiber strength, respectively, were also observed at eight node removal at pinhead square. Overall, as the intensity of damage increased, lint yield declined regardless of growth stage, therefore it should be expected to have yield loss where damage has occurred in cotton.