bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The most common infections leading to hospitalization in educational- research hospital of Yazd
Authors:   Professor, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Ayatollahi Jamshid , Azimimeybodi Amirhossein ,   Medical student, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Meybodi Zohreh Akhoundi ,   Infectionlogist, Fellowship of prevention and control of nosocomial infections, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein ,   Researcher, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: July 2021

Infectious diseases are one of the diseases that are generally better suited to diagnostic and antibiotic treatments. However, there is significant mortality in infectious diseases. This study was done to determine the infection leading to admission. This study was performed on hospital data. All patients admitted in Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd province in one year were studied. The final diagnosis is based on symptoms and clinical infectious disease by a specialist. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS and Chi-square tests. In the time period examined, 1326 patients were enrolled, 56.7% were male and 43.3% female that age range were 14-95 years. The most commonly reported illness at the time of hospital discharge was pneumonia (16.7%), UTI (11.2%), diabetic foot ulcer and cellulite (13.7%). There was a significant relationship between the most commonly diagnosed illnesses age and gender at the onset and discharge of patients (P value<0.05). It is worth noting that cases without diagnosis were 20.1% and in the elderly group with a population of 53.6% of the total hospitalized patients, pneumonia and UTI were the most common complications. The present study has shown that pneumonia is the most prevalent among the causes of hospitalization among the elderly and non-elderly patients in the infectious part, and there is a significant relationship between age and sex and the prevalence of disease in patients were in Hospital.
Myopia: Efficacy of 1% Atropine in Retarding Progression
Authors:   FCPS, Professor of Ophthalmology, Suleman Roshan Medical College, Tando Adam and Consultant Ophthalmologist Mohsin Family Health Clinic Block-16, Federal B Area Karachi, Pakistan, Farooq Mashhood-uz-Zafar , Mashhood Shama ,   JMHPE (Maastricht and Suez Canal Universities), Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi. Pakistan, Islam Sana Adeeba ,   Msc (London, UK), Associate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, Rasool Raffat ,   DMJ, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, Rana Mahmood Akhter ,   MBBS, Medical Officer, Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Block 16 Federal B Area Karachi, Pakistan, Rizvi Syed Safdar Zamir ,   FCPS, Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, pakistan, Fahim Muhammad Faisal ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Biostatistics, College of Physical Therapy Bahria University Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 1% atropine eye drops in control of myopia progression. Methods: This was a Case control study, conducted at the Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Block-16, Federal B Area, Karachi, during January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 194 (97 cases and 97 controls) cases were included in the study by the calculation of online software openepi.com. The Treatment Group was given 1% atropine eye drops while Control Group received no treatment. The follow-up of all the cases was carried out according to the follow-up schedule for a total period of one year. All the demographic data, clinical findings and the follow-up results were recorded on a proforma designed for the study, and the results were tabulated. Results: A total of 194 children age 6-15 with best corrected visual acuity 6/6 were recruited in this study. Half of the children were included in treatment group who received once a day application of 1% atropine eye drops at bedtime. The other half received no treatment and were taken as control group. Mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at baseline was 2.93±0.69 of Treatment Group and 2.98±0.61 of control group with insignificant P-value of 0.461. After 1-year treatment statistically significant difference with P-value 0.001, was observed with SER 3.37±0.91 in Treatment Group and 3.69±0.94 in control group. Conclusion: Atropine 1% eye drops is well tolerated and is found efficacious in controlling myopia progression.
Competition In A Market Economy, Its Types And Peculiarities Of Its Use In The Hotel Industry
Authors:   Doctoral Student, Samarkand Institute Of Economics And Service, Uzbekistan, Tagirova Nargiza Bahodirovna
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the competition and its related terms, its types and specific features, which are considered relevant today. The organization of the fight against competition in hotels and its benefits are also revealed.
On The Essence Of The Concept Of A Culture Of Peace
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy, Professor, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Samatov Shomat Berdievich
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the main issue that defines the content and essence of the XXI century - the idea of a culture of peace.
Lack Of Proper Evaluation And Performance In Promoting Staff Of Borno State Civil Service Commission
Authors:   PhD Student Of City University Cambodia, Ali Umar Mohammed
Published: July 2021

This study examines the lack of proper evaluation and performance in promoting staff of Borno state civil service commission , It is indeed clear that the effects of civil service commission in appraisal of the performance of employees in relation to promotion. Similarly, evaluation of staff promotion is a critical factor in economic and social development for it to determine the standard of the organisation. Being an employee, certain variables are expected by the individual from the organisation as rewards. It is a well-known fact that three has been a very serious decline and in some instance complete collapse of the public sector in Borno state over the years as a result of insurgency. In spite of huge financial commitments put in place by the government as payment of remuneration and other fringe benefits, the public sector in the state is either decline or in most cases embarrassingly inefficient and in effective, thought many factors contributed to this unfortunate issues of lack of proper evaluation of staff promotion in Borno state civil service commission.
Epic Heritage - The Gold Treasure
Authors:   Doctor Of Art History, Professor, Art Institute And Culture Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tadjibaeva Oltinoy Kosimovna
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the role and importance of folk art heritage in the development of national theater art in Central Asia. To date, the theatrical art of the region has a great experience and it has the opportunity to compare its culture with others. Epic direction is one of the points of support, one of the heights from which you can look at the experience and trends of the world of theatrical art. (72) In folk epics, various elements of culture and spirituality are traced, and the peculiarities of a particular nationality are revealed. The entry of the European style of theater into the framework of the culture of Central Asia certainly influenced the development of traditional theater of the people. Creative figures faced the problem of showing their performances on closed stages, in rooms. In the pieces, folk customs are presented following a common pattern, whereas national theatres offer their own interpretation, reflecting the culture, customs, and the nation’s past. Not only essentially different pieces of the same title and subject, created by different nations, differ in style, methods, means of artistic representation and character interpretation, and never a hero of one nation is a repetition of the image created by the neighboring nation. This is how the nation’s mentality, culture, spiritual character, and traditional values are exposed. This, in turn, is a dominant feature in the evolution of theatres. Thus, the epic heritage serves as the golden treasure of the theatrical culture of Central Asia.
Strategy And Prospects For Development Of The Automotive Industry Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   PhD Candidate, Westminster International University In Tashkent, Chief Specialist Of The Department Of The International Cooperation In The Field Of Innovative Development, The Ministry Of Innovative Development Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan (Tashkent), Khikmatullaev Timur
Published: July 2021

The automotive industry is one of the most important sectors of the world economy, which also belongs to the most capital-intensive areas of the world economy. Globally, the production of automobiles and components employs about 9 million people, who assemble 67 million vehicles each year, contributing 15% of the world's GDP. In addition, everyone employed at the automobile plant provides jobs for 14 more people in related industries. The automotive industry uses more than 15% of the global production of steel and aluminum, more than 10% of the copper smelter in the world. The industry is also the leading consumer of lead, synthetic and natural rubber (50%, 35% and 75% of global production, respectively). In addition, cars in service use half of the world's oil. Consumers spend up to 15% of their budget on cars every year. At the same time, there is a tendency for most of these indicators to grow.
The Role Of Polymorphic Genes Of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) And Their Tissue Inhibitors In The Development Of Renal Dysfunction In Chronic Glomerulonephritis In Children
Authors:   Head Of The Department Of “Pediatrics”, Siab Medical College, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, N.S. Bazarova , Sh.Kh. Ziyadullaev ,   DSc, Associate Professor, Department № 1 Of “Internal Medicine”, Samarkand State Medical Institute Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

In children, glomerulonephritis is a disease characterized by rapid progression and complication caused by an irreversible process of the renal glomeruli. Currently, methods of molecular diagnostics have begun to actively develop, which not only complement traditional research methods, but also provide insight from the point of view of molecular pathophysiology. It is expected that a key role in the diagnosis of kidney disease is played by the identification of genes and their changes in the course of the disease, which predict the course of the disease. Changes in chromosomal polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its tissue inhibitors, as well as how this change manifests itself in chronic glomerulonephritis, were determined in the prognosis of the disease.
Ruinas en la tecnosfera:
Authors: Librandi Nancy Beatriz
Published: July 2021

El progreso tecnológico y el acumulado material en la tecnosfera, definen nuevas fronteras que se conforman a través de los rangos de movilidad y accesibilidad a la tecnología. Esas zonas liminales actúan como filtros conformando distintas centralidades y subalternidades (o periferias), inclusiones y exclusiones, como formas nuevas de colonialidad. La materia de la tecnosfera, traicionada por la linealidad de su propio progreso y por el estrago que causa la naturaleza, es desechada transformándose en un innovador sentido de ruina. El arte la libera de su obsolescencia y la transforma en su material para visibilizar desde su abandono aquellas fronteras que genera el propio mundo tecnológico. El artista busca catalogar sus acumulaciones y serializarlas. La forma-trayecto se transforma en el tipo de operación  artística privilegiada. El arte usa al objeto tecnológico (en ruinas) no ya por su efímera funcionalidad, sino por las propiedades ruinológicas que adquiere a partir de su desuso.
Facial image denoising using AutoEncoder and UNET
Authors: Tripathi Milan
Published: July 2021

Image denoising is a crucial topic in image processing. Noisy images are generated due to technical and environmental errors. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider image denoising an important topic to study, as it also helps to resolve other image processing issues. However, the challenge is that the classical techniques used are time-consuming and not flexible enough. This article compares the two major neural network architecture which looks promising to resolve this issues. The AutoEncoder and UNET is now the most researched subject in deep learning for image denoising. Multiple model architectures are designed, implement, and evaluated. The dataset is preprocessed and then it is used to train and test the model. It is clearly shown in this paper which model performs the best in this task by comparing both models using the most used parameters to evaluate image quality PSNR and SSIM.
Numerical Investigation of Air Movement on Laboratory Scale Psychrometric Chamber
Authors: Elang Pramudya Wijaya  , Ardiyansyah Saad Yatim
Published: July 2021

Higher energy demands in favorable energy prices increasing people's affordability of the cooling devices, causing most building and residential areas to wear air conditioning systems. Higher energy saving, efficiency, and eco-friendly equipment have become a challenge for manufacturers and researchers. Also, Indonesia's government rules the energy efficiency by SKEM (Minimum Standard of Energy Performance) by air conditioning equipment's labeling. In this study, the use of perforated ceiling was selected due to the excellent air distribution performance of the panels. This study analyzes the air circulation distribution (air loop) in a psychometric chamber using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), especially placing the air conditioner test unit. The numerical studies are performed with porous media models. A CFD model was used to analyze the air distribution in the psychrometric chamber. The simulation results show that the higher value of C1 resulted in a higher value of velocity. Furthermore, the pressure drop in the test chamber did not show any significant influence. In all cases, the influence of C1 value did not significantly affect the air movement in the test chamber.
HUBUNGAN PSIKOLOGIS IBU BERSALIN DENGAN KELANCARAN PROSES PERSALINAN KALA II DI RUMAH BERSALIN BHAKTI IBU SEMARANG
Authors: Sandhi Shinta Ika , Lestari Kurniawati Dwi
Published: July 2021

Maternal mortality rate is an indicator of the success of health services, especially midwifery. Until now, maternal mortality rates in Indonesia are still quite high. One of the causes of labor disruption is psychological factors, anxiety, fatigue, exhaustion and maternal worries, all combined so as to exacerbate existing physical pain. This type of analytic survey research using retrospective studies. The study was conducted at RB Bhakti Ibu Semarang. The population in this study were all maternity mothers in RB Bhakti Ibu with 65 respondents. The sampling technique uses random sampling and is obtained by 39 respondents. Hypothesis testing uses the analysis of chi square test to determine the psychological relationship of maternity mothers with the smoothness of the second stage of labor. The results showed that there was a psychological relationship between maternity mothers and the smoothness of the second stage of labor with a p value of 0,000.
Marine invertebrates associated with rhodoliths/maërl beds from northeast Brazil (State of Paraíba)
Authors: Costa Dimítri , Dolbeth Marina , Prata Jessica , da Silva Francisco , da Silva Geuba , de Freitas Paulo , Christoffersen Martin , de Lima Silvio , Massei Karina , de Lucena Reinaldo
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the marine macroinvertebrate fauna of rhodolith beds (non-geniculated red corallinaceaous algae) in northeast Brazilian. A total of 57 species were identified, belonging to six phyla (Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Sipuncula, Mollusca, Arthropoda and Echinodermata), of which 50 are considered here as new records for the Paraíba State. Annelids (Class Polychaeta) were the most representative taxa in Miramar and Seixas Beaches, while molluscs were dominant in Maceió Beach.

This is the first study that includes an identification key, diagnostic features and distribution patterns worldwide and local (including new records) of the marine invertebrate fauna associated with rhodolith beds in northeast Brazil (State of Paraíba). Sampling events were performed in 2018, at low tide in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones (1.5 and 4.0 m depth), in Miramar, Seixas and Maceió Beaches. A total of 17 species were found for the first time on Seixas Beach, as well as all identified species for Miramar and Maceió. This study tries to contribute to the knowledge of marine invertebrates in northeast Brazilian shallow habitats, providing a baseline for future environmental studies.
Circulation familiale des savoirs sur le risque élevé de cancer colorectal
Authors: Palierne Nicolas , Gaussot Ludovic , Laurent Estelle , Ingrand Isabelle , Ingrand Pierre
Published: July 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les modalités de transmission et de circulation familiales des recommandations sur le risque élevé du cancer colorectal (CCR), ainsi que les enjeux de cette prévention. L’article s’appuie sur les matériaux de deux enquêtes : un dépistage ciblé du CCR basé sur un schéma d’essai randomisé mené dans l’ex-Poitou-Charentes entre 2010 et 2013 ; des monographies familiales autour de l’expérience du CCR. Il s’agit de comprendre d’un côté comment les personnes soignées réalisent (ou non) la prévention familiale ; de l’autre, comment les apparenté-e-s peuvent (ou non) se constituer comme acteur-rice-s et/ou cibles de cette prévention. Les enjeux étudiés portent sur les dilemmes éthiques et familiaux des soigné-e-s. La circulation de la recommandation renvoie à la configuration et à la qualité des relations dans la famille, au genre du travail domestique de santé, aux parcours de soin et aux histoires familiales de maladie qui structurent les savoirs profanes sur le CCR et sa prévention.
La vulnérabilité des élèves chiliens et de leurs familles : une analyse des instruments de l’action publique par le prisme de l’indice de vulnérabilité éducative (IVE)
Authors: Pino Natalia
Published: July 2021

Face au déploiement du discours de la vulnérabilité sociale qui s’est développé au Chili, dans les années 2000, il convient d’étudier la manière dont cette notion s’est transférée vers la politique scolaire. S’appuyant sur une approche instrumentale, cet article analyse les carrières de certains indicateurs comme l’indice de vulnérabilité éducative IVE, mis en place par le Conseil national de l’aide et des bourses scolaires (Junaeb). Celui-ci définit pour l’État et pour les acteurs de l’éducation ce qu’est aujourd’hui la « vulnérabilité ». Les résultats témoignent du rôle de transcodeur de l’IVE, ainsi que celui des experts, tout en soulignant son influence sur le processus de ciblage et les finalités de la politique de lutte contre les inégalités. On observe ainsi que l’individualisation du ciblage de la politique prioritaire est le résultat de l’évolution de l’instrument de ciblage. Elle est appliquée comme principe d’action permettant aux familles « vulnérables » le maximum de chances d’accéder à l’école de leur choix. Ces constats confortent l’idée selon laquelle les instruments encadrent les enjeux et l’action des politiques publiques.
Neurofeedback : le développement pervasif des applications neurotechnologiques pour gérer le stress, les troubles de l’attention et la douleur
Authors: Attal Yohan
Published: July 2021

Les neuroscientifiques ont fait une découverte fondamentale : le cerveau est un organe plastique, dans lequel les connexions neuronales sont en perpétuel remaniement. Il est aujourd’hui possible de modifier en profondeur la dynamique des réseaux cérébraux grâce au neurofeedback. Cette approche révolutionnaire marque l’entrée dans une nouvelle ère de la santé digitale. Le neurofeedback s’apprête à transformer la gestion clinique de la santé mentale, du bien-être, par exemple l’anxiété, les troubles de l’attention ou encore la gestion de la douleur. Le neurofeedback permet à l’utilisateur d’induire lui-même des changements à long terme dans les oscillations spontanées de son cerveau, sans avoir recours à des composants pharmacologiques. De nombreuses études, réalisées sous protocole strict en recourant aux meilleurs standards scientifiques, démontrent l’efficacité de cette technique. Dans cet article, nous allons nous concentrer sur trois d’entre elles : le Melomind pour la gestion du stress, le Koala pour la gestion des troubles de l’attention et le Beluga pour la gestion de la douleur.
Le renforcement progressif des garanties applicables à deux mesures intrusives : la géolocalisation et la sonorisation
Authors: Collet Philippe
Published: July 2021

Parmi les mesures intrusives dont la multiplication est constante en procédure pénale, deux d'entre elles exigent un examen spécifique car elles font l'objet d'une vigilance manifeste, notamment de la Cour de cassation. Il s'agit de la géolocalisation ainsi que de la sonorisation et fixation d'images de certains lieux ou véhicules. Procédé probatoire de droit commun, la première dispose d'un domaine plus étendu que la seconde, constitutive de l'une des techniques spéciales d'enquête réservées à la criminalité et délinquance organisées. Mais comparée à celle-ci, la géolocalisation s'avère moins attentatoire à la vie privée des personnes concernées. Au-delà de leurs différences, ces deux actes bénéficient d'un renforcement progressif des garanties applicables. Ils sont soumis à plusieurs règles similaires auxquelles la jurisprudence veille particulièrement, tel le respect du formalisme et de la motivation. Sans doute leur régime juridique présente encore certaines insuffisances. Souvent prononcée, l'irrecevabilité des requêtes en nullité formées à leur encontre en témoigne. Il n'empêche que les libertés individuelles jouissent de protections substantielles qui prévalent sur ces lacunes résiduelles.
Dynamics of a stochastic HIV/AIDS model with treatment under regime switching
Authors: Gao Miaomiao , Jiang Daqing , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the spread dynamics of an HIV/AIDS model with multiple stages of infection and treatment, which is disturbed by both white noise and telegraph noise. Switching between different environmental states is governed by Markov chain. Firstly, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution. Then we investigate the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions with regime switching. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for extinction of the disease are derived. The conditions presented for the existence of stationary distribution improve and generalize the previous results. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results.
A dominant strategy double clock auction with estimation‐based tâtonnement
Authors: Loertscher Simon , Mezzetti Claudio
Published: July 2021

The price mechanism is fundamental to economics but difficult to reconcile with incentive compatibility and individual rationality. We introduce a double clock auction for a homogeneous good market with multidimensional private information and multiunit traders that is deficit‐free, ex post individually rational, constrained efficient, and makes sincere bidding a dominant strategy equilibrium. Under a weak dependence and an identifiability condition, our double clock auction is also asymptotically efficient. Asymptotic efficiency is achieved by estimating demand and supply using information from the bids of traders that have dropped out and following a tâtonnement process that adjusts the clock prices based on the estimates.
Revenue from matching platforms
Authors: Marx Philip , Schummer James
Published: July 2021

We consider the pricing problem of a platform that matches heterogeneous agents using match‐contingent fees. Absent prices, agents on the short side of such markets capture relatively greater surplus than those on the long side (Ashlagi et al. 2017). Nevertheless we show that the platform need not bias its price allocation toward either side. With independently drawn preferences, optimal price allocation decisions are independent of market size or imbalance; furthermore, changes in the optimal price level move both sides' prices in the same direction. In contrast, preference homogeneity biases price allocation in a direction that depends on the form of homogeneity; furthermore, changes in market imbalance move both sides' prices in opposite directions. These effects arise due to the exclusivity of matchings in two‐sided market settings.
Market power and welfare in asymmetric divisible good auctions
Authors: Manzano Carolina , Vives Xavier
Published: July 2021

We analyze a divisible good uniform‐price auction that features two groups, each with a finite number of identical bidders, who compete in demand schedules. In the linear‐quadratic‐normal framework, this paper presents conditions under which the unique equilibrium in linear demands exists and derives novel comparative statics results that highlight the interaction between payoff and information parameters with asymmetric groups. We find that the strategic complementarity in the slopes of traders' demands is reinforced by inference effects from prices, and we display the role of payoff and information asymmetries in explaining deadweight losses. Furthermore, price impact and the deadweight loss need not move together, and market integration may reduce welfare. The results are consistent with the available empirical evidence.
Mechanism design with financially constrained agents and costly verification
Authors: Li Yunan
Published: July 2021

A principal distributes an indivisible good to budget‐constrained agents when both valuation and budget are agents' private information. The principal can verify an agent's budget at a cost. The welfare‐maximizing mechanism can be implemented via a two‐stage scheme. First, agents report their budgets, receive cash transfers, and decide whether to enter a lottery over the good. Second, recipients of the good can sell it on a resale market but must pay a sales tax. Low‐budget agents receive a higher cash transfer, pay a lower price to enter the lottery, and face a higher sales tax. They are also randomly inspected.
Simple bets to elicit private signals
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , Xu Yan
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces two simple betting mechanisms—top‐flop and threshold betting—to elicit unverifiable information from crowds. Agents are offered bets on the rating of an item about which they received a private signal versus that of a random item. We characterize conditions for the chosen bet to reveal the agents' private signal even if the underlying ratings are biased. We further provide microeconomic foundations of the ratings, which are endogenously determined by the actions of other agents in a game setting. Our mechanisms relax standard assumptions of the literature, such as common prior, and homogeneous and risk neutral agents.
The Importance of Light in Our Lives
Authors: Baeza Moyano David , González Lezcano Roberto Alonso
Published: July 2021

The light that enters through our eyes is not only for vision. The human circadian system responds to light differently than the visual system. The timing of each biological function in mammals is directed by the main clock located in the Supraquiasmic Nucleus, which is regulated by light. However, until now, only the interaction of light with our visual system has been taken into account when choosing the parameters of indoor lighting sources, including those in the classroom. In the publications about school lighting, the first concern was the common parameters of indoor lighting such as horizontal workplane illuminance, illuminance uniformity, and avoiding reflections on different surfaces. In this chapter, the authors show publications about new findings on the effects of light on people, studies carried out in different countries aimed at improving classroom lighting, current regulations on lighting related to classroom lighting, and new parameters that are being considered, along with those already used for new and better lighting.
Biopeptides of Pyropia yezoensis and their potential health benefits
Authors: Allur Subramaniyan Sivakumar , Begum Naziya , Kim Sung Jae , Choi Youn Hee , Nam Taek-Jeong
Published: July 2021

Pyropia yezoensis (P. yezoensis) is a popular species of red algae that are commercially cultivated and consumed in East Asia, China, Japan, and Korea. The high protein content of P. yezoensis provides a source of multiple bioactive peptides exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, tissue healing, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant properties. Furthermore, many other biologically active substances in P. yezoensis, including carbohydrates, lipids, dietary fibers, and polyphenols, have shown potential health benefits and are important in both the food and agriculture industries. This review provides a detailed summary of researches over the last decade on the biological and medicinal properties of bioactive peptides. The information was extracted from various electronic resources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Patents.
In vitro antimicrobial and synergistic effect of essential oil from the red macroalgae Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne with conventional antibiotics
Authors: Nafis Ahmed , El Khalloufi Fatima , Aknaf Asmae , Oudra Brahim , Marraiki Najat , Al-Rashed Sarah , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Syed Asad , Hassani Lahcen , Custódio Luísa
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To study the chemical profile, antimicrobial properties, and synergistic effect with known antibiotics of essential oil extracted from the marine red macroalgae Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne, collected in Morocco.

Methods:

The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil was evaluated for antibacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and antifungal activity (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsilosis), by the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and minimum microbicidal concentrations of the oil were determined, as well as the synergistic effects of its application combined with the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, by the checkerboard method.

Results:

Thirty molecules were identified in the essential oil, comprising 96.27% of the total oil composition. Monoterpenes such as carvacrol (36.06%) were the most abundant compounds, followed by caryophyllene (14.67%), endo-borneol (9.04%), pyroterebic acid (3.23%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.13%). The oil exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 9.0 to 15.0 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration values varied between 0.9 and 14.7 mg/mL, and Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were the more sensitive bacteria with 0.9 and 1.9 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum microbicidal concentration values ranged from 0.4 to 14.7 mg/mL. A significant synergic action was observed when the oil was applied in combination with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, with fractional inhibitory concentration index values ranging from 0.31 to 0.50. Synergy was found in 80% of the combinations and a 2 to 16-fold reduction of antibiotics MIC was observed.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that the essential oil of Centroceras clavulatum should be further appraised for its potential use in the management of multi-drug resistant microorganisms, with the purpose to restore the activity of standard antimicrobial drugs.
Antibacterial activity and inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump by ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives
Authors: Pinheiro Patrícia Gonçalves , Santiago Gilvandete Maria Pinheiro , da Silva Francisco Erivaldo Freitas , de Araújo Ana Carolina Justino , de Oliveira Cícera Rejane Tavares , Freitas Priscilla Ramos , Rocha Janaína Esmeraldo , de Araújo Neto José Bezerra , da Silva Maria Milene Costa , Tintino Saulo Relison , de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , da Costa José Galberto Martins
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the inhibitory activity of ferulic acid and four of its esterified derivatives (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) against resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Methods:

Ferulic acid derivatives were obtained by esterification with methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, and then characterized by hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives, ethidium bromide, and norfloxacin were obtained using the microdilution test, while the efflux pump inhibition test was conducted by examining reduction in the MICs of norfloxacin and ethidium bromide. Molecular docking was also carried out using the Schrodinger Suite 2015 molecular modeling software. A three-dimensional model of NorA efflux pump was generated using I-TASSER. The best scoring model was used as a receptor for ligand-receptor docking.

Results:

The methyl and butyl ester derivatives did not demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity. However, a significant synergic effect was evidenced when norfloxacin was combined with the ethyl and propyl esterified derivatives. The docking study demonstrated favorable energy of interaction between ferulate derivatives and NorA, and amino acid residues TYR57, TYR58, and LEU255 were present commonly in stabilizing all complexes. The PCA analysis corroborated the docking hypothesis that the lipophilic character and hydrogen bond interactions were the most relevant characteristics involved with NorA inhibitors. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ferulic acid derivatives showed good ADMET properties, demonstrating that they can be easily absorbed and have no effect or inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex, revealing their potential as drug candidates.

Conclusions:

This study provides strong evidence that the molecular basis for this activity is potentially due to the NorA efflux pump.
Endocrine Dysfunction among Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Gopalakrishnan Maya , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Purohit Purvi , Banerjee Mithu , Sharma Praveen , Khichar Satyendra , Kothari Nikhil , Bhatia Pradeep , Nag Vijay Lakshmi , Misra Sanjeev
Published: July 2021

Objective:

COVID-19 has emerged as a multi-system disease with the potential for endocrine dysfunction. We aimed to study the hormonal profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care referral hospital at Jodhpur, India.

Design:

A hospital-based clinical study of endocrine profile of COVID-19 patients conducted from 15th May to 30th June 2020 after ethical approval.

Measurements:

Fasting blood samples for free thyroxine (T4), free tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH), serum prolactin; basal and 1 h post-intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were collected within 24 h of admission after written informed consent. All hormones and IL-6 were analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. hsCRP was measured by immune-turbidimetric assay.

Results:

Of 235 patients studied, 14% had severe disease and 5.5% died. Adrenal insufficiency was present in 14%, most of whom had mild disease. A robust adrenal response was observed in those with severe disease. Basal and post-ACTH serum cortisol were significantly increased in severe disease or those who died compared to those who were mild or asymptomatic. Basal and post-ACTH serum cortisol showed a significant positive correlation with hsCRP but not with IL-6. Low T3 and low T4 syndrome were documented in 25% and 5%, respectively. Serum TSH and FT3 levels declined significantly from asymptomatic to severe category. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 21 patients. hsCRP showed a rising trend with disease severity while IL-6 did not.

Conclusions:

Endocrine dysfunction in the form of adrenal insufficiency, low T3, and low TSH syndrome and hyperprolactinemia were common COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
Effects of Early Initiation of Growth Hormone Therapy on Different Auxological Parameters in Growth Hormone Deficient Children
Authors: Kochar Inderpal S. , Ramachandran Smita , Sethi Aashish
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of early initiation versus late growth hormone in improving the predicted adult height in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) children.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 550 GHD children with short stature, who had taken rGH for duration of minimum 12 months were included. They were divided into groups of less than 8 years and more than 8 years of age based on the initiation of growth hormone therapy. Their pretreatment and post-treatment auxological parameters were evaluated.

Results:

There were 148 children in less than 8 years group and 402 children in more than 8 years old group. In 8 years or younger age group, the pre-treatment mean height of –2.015 SDS improved to –0.7753 SDS after one year of treatment. There was an improvement in the mean height from –2.0447 SDS to –1.2658 SDS post-treatment in more than 8 years group. The pre- and post-treatment difference between the Z score of height, weight, and BMI were statistically significant (<0.001).

Conclusion:

A significant height improvement occurred in both the groups' children after 1 year of GH treatment but the gain in final adult height was better when initiated less than 8 years of age. No significant side effects were noted during this period.
Residual Learning
Authors: Zarvani Maral , Saberi Sara , Azmi Reza , Shojaedini Seyed Vahab
Published: July 2021

Background:

Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a useful tool for the early detection of heart failure. A vital step of this process is a valid measurement of the left ventricle's properties, which seriously depends on the accurate segmentation of the heart in captured images. Although various schemes have been tested for this segmentation so far, the latest proposed methods have used the concept of deep learning to estimate the range of the left ventricle in cardiac MRI images. While deep learning methods can lead to better results than their classical alternatives, but unfortunately, the gradient vanishing and exploding problems may hamper their efficiency for the accurate segmentation of the left ventricle in MRI heart images.

Methods:

In this article, a new concept called residual learning is utilized to improve the performance of deep learning schemes against gradient vanishing problems. For this purpose, the Residual Network of Residual Network (i.e., Residual of Residual) substructure is utilized inside the main deep learning architecture (e.g., Unet), which provides more significant detection indexes.

Results and Conclusion:

The proposed method's performances and its alternatives were evaluated on Sunnybrook Cardiac Data as a reliable dataset in the left ventricle segmentation. The results show that the detection parameters are improved at least by 5%, 3.5%, 8.1%, and 11.4% compared to its deep alternatives in terms of Jaccard, Dice, precision, and false-positive rate indexes, respectively. These improvements were made when the recall parameter was reduced to a negligible value (i.e., approximately 1%). Overall, the proposed method can be used as a suitable tool for more accurate detection of the left ventricle in MRI images.
The role of the mast cell in pigmentation disorders
Authors: Nielsen Valdemar Wendelboe , Thomsen Simon Francis
Published: July 2021

The mast cell is a critical mediator of the inflammatory response by secreting histamine. While histamine is currently not regarded as a melanogen, recent studies have shown histamine release to induce melanogenesis, melanocyte proliferation and migration. Herein, we discuss the current evidence of the complex relationship between the mast cell and melanocyte, and its impact in pigmentation disorders.
Cydnidae pigmentation − dermoscopic features
Authors: Kumar BM Shashi , Savitha AS
Published: July 2021

Pigmented spots on the skin are caused by burrowing bugs of family Cydnidae. These are commonly seen in monsoon, and the pigmentation is due to secretion by the insect. Here we report a case of Cydnidae pigmentation with characteristic dermoscopic features. Dermoscopic features included dark brown pigmentation over the dermatoglyphics with enhanced pigmentation around the sweat pores. The pigmentation which is seen commonly over the acral areas may be mistaken for lentigines or melanoma. Identifying the classical features on dermoscopy prevents the patient from undergoing unwanted investigations.
An algorithm for computing the upper bound for non-minimum weight differentials in 2-round LSX-ciphers
Authors: Kiryukhin Vitalii Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются подходы к вычислению верхних оценок для характеристик дифференциалов (EDP) и суммарных линейных соотношений (ELP) не минимального веса в двухраундовых LSX-шифрах. Для решения этой задачи предложен алгоритм динамического программирования. С его помощью для двух раундов шифра Кузнечик получены нетривиальные верхние оценки характеристик дифференциалов (суммарных линейных соотношений), содержащих 18 и 19 активных подстановок. Полученные оценки справедливы также для дифференциалов (суммарных линейных соотношений), содержащих большее число активных подстановок.
Security analysis of the W-OTS$^+$ signature scheme: Updating security bounds
Authors: Kudinov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Kiktenko Evgeniy Olegovich , Fedorov Aleksey Konstantinovich
Published: July 2021

Обсуждается пробел в исходном доказательстве стойкости варианта W-OTS${^+} $ схемы одноразовой подписи Винтерница, которая является важным компонентом различных многоразовых схем подписей на основе хеш-функций без сохранения состояния и с сохранением состояния. Мы обновляем доказательство стойкости для схемы W-OTS${^+}$ и получаем оценки стойкости. Этот результат важен для анализа стойкости схем цифровой подписи на основе хэш-функций.
Are Methodist Church bereavement ritual’s sufficient for its black African members?: A qualitative analysis of a church in Mamelodi, South Africa
Authors: Mokhutso Rev. Jacob
Published: July 2021

A phenomenon is observed during bereavement amongst the Methodists residing in Mamelodi, Pretoria. Families often seek the churches to be involved, and this normally entails offering pastoral care and leading Christian bereavement rituals. Ironically and at the same time, the same families require, perform, and observe African traditional bereavement rituals. This observation raises the question: Are the Methodist Church’s bereavement rituals conducted during bereavement insufficient? Does this phenomenon mean that what the Methodist Church offers its members is inadequate/lacking to offer healing and comfort to the bereaved families during their time of grief? A qualitative approach and interviews were used as a data-collection method within a (descriptive-explorative) case study design. Many African scholars acknowledge and have written at length about the significance of bereavement rituals among African communities. This research found that it is not a matter of being sufficient or insufficient, but rather that there is a deficit in teachings regarding what these rituals mean. The Methodist Church’s rituals are devoid of the African-ness, which embraces the culture and identity of the Black African members to whom they are ministering. As much as they are appreciated, they run short of embracing their identity as African people. Some participants interviewed did acknowledge that the Methodist Churches’ Christian bereavement rituals are sufficient for them but this is not the case for all adherents of the faith.
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Technique for Speed Control of Six-Step Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Abdelfattah Hany
Published: July 2021

The brushless DC motors with permanent magnets (PM-BLDC) are widely used in a miscellaneous of industrial applications. In this paper, The adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller for Six-Step Brushless DC Motor Drive is introduced. The brushless DC motor’s dynamic characteristics such as torque , current , speed, , and inverter component voltages are showed and analysed using MATLAB simulation. The propotional-integral (PI) and fuzzy system controllers are developed., based on designer’s test and error process and experts. The experimential and hardware resuts for the inverter- driver circuits are presented. The simulation results using MATLAB simulink are conducted to validate the proposed (ANFIS) controller’s robustness and high performance relative to other controllers.
Cosmovisão Cristã na Didática Magna de Comenius
Authors: Meira José Normando Gonçalves , Xavier Wendell Lessa Vilela
Published: July 2021

Este estudo, que se insere no campo da história das ideias pedagógicas, analisa o pensamento do educador João Amós Comenius (1592-1670) na sua obra clássica Didática Magna: a arte de ensinar tudo a todos, publicada em 1657. O objetivo é conhecer as propostas educacionais do autor, considerando o contexto em que foram elaboradas e a visão de mundo que as nortearam.  O referencial teórico para a referida análise é a sociologia da religião de Max Weber (2004), que aponta o impacto das convicções religiosas na ação social dos indivíduos. Analisa, neste caso, o impacto do “ascetismo intramundano” da ética protestante nas elaborações de Comenius. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, tendo como fonte principal a obra Didática Magna. O estudo possibilita uma compreensão das propostas educacionais de Comenius, articuladas ao espírito do século XVII e suas contribuições para a consolidação da ciência moderna.
Importancia de las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en la formación de estudiantes de nivel superior
Authors: Renoj Ramírez Yerlin Abel
Published: July 2021

Las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje han desempeñado un rol importante en los procesos formativos y académicos a lo largo de los años. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje que utilizan los estudiantes de la carrera de Profesorado en Educación Primaria Intercultural del programa de Formación Inicial Docente que se realizó en la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, sede San Gabriel, departamento de Suchitepéquez.

El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo con un diseño no experimental. Para recopilar la información se aplicó una encuesta a treinta y nueve estudiantes, se realizó una observación en el aula a cinco docentes como también una actividad de grupo focal.

Los resultados evidencian que los profesores utilizan las siguientes estrategias: lluvias de ideas, presentación de objetivos, preguntas intercaladas y aplicación de mapas conceptuales. Los estudiantes utilizan las siguientes estrategias: mapas mentales, resúmenes y cuadros sinópticos que contribuyen al desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas, metacognitivas y afectivas.

Se concluye en que las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje son aplicados para mediar los contenidos significativos acordes a las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes en sus procesos formativos.