bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of crack initiation in adhesively bonded Joint
Authors: Al Ali H. , Wahab M.A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a review of some techniques proposed in the literature for modelling crackinitiation in adhesively bonded joints is presented. The techniques reviewed are: a) the singular intensityfactor, b) the inherent flaw size, c) Cohesive-zone model (CZM) and d) Continuum Damage Mechanics(CDM). The singular intensity factor characterizes the stress singularity at the corner point and can beused as a failure criterion to predict crack initiation. The inherent flaw method technique assumes that asmall crack having a fraction of millimetres is initiated at the singular point in order to develop a fracturemechanics criterion for crack initiation. The strain energy release rate for an un-cracked specimen is usedto determine the size of the inherent flaw. The cohesive zone model (CZM) technique is based ondefining parameters from fracture mechanics test specimens and using them to model failure of the joints.Continuum Damage Mechanics makes use of thermodynamics principles in order to derive a damageevolution law. In this damage evolution law the damage variable (D) is expressed as a function of numberof cycles, applied stress range and triaxiality function. Furthermore, the possibility of using the eXtendedFinite Element Method (XFEM) to predict crack initiation is elaborated.
Philippe Artières, Un Séminariste assassin: L’affaire Bladier, 1905
Authors: Lyons Martyn
Published: July 2021

At the end of the nineteenth and in the early years of the twentieth century, encouraging violent criminals to write their life stories became an accepted tool of forensic medicine. The autobiographical texts which emerged became vital building blocks in the psychological diagnosis of the subject. One of the leading international exponents of this method was the Lyon-based professor Alexandre Lacassagne, who developed a science of criminal anthropology guided by the principles of heredity and phrenology (the idea that mental functions could be precisely located in specific parts of the brain). Lacassagne was fascinated by abnormal behaviour and urged the inmates of Lyon prisons to write their autobiographies. He took a paternal interest in them, studied their tattoos, and used their life writing as a key to understanding the criminal personality. Philippe Artières has been working on Lacassagne’s papers for over 25 years, and they formed the basis of his previous work Le livre des vies coupables: autobiographies de criminels, 1896-1909 (The book of guilty lives) (Paris, 2000 and 2014). In this new book, he revisits one particularly disturbing case – the Bladier affair of 1905.
Remembering Late Socialism in Autobiographical Novels and Autofictions from Central and Eastern Europe: Introduction
Authors: Mrozik Agnieszka , Tippner Anja
Published: July 2021

Since the fall of communism in 1989 and 1990/91 literature has dealt with this epochal societal change, trying to come to terms with the past and assessing its influence on the present. In the last years the focus has turned towards the era of late socialism, that is the 1970s and 1980s. Many writers who attempt to present and reevaluate these decades and their ongoing influence on biographies and societies today grew up or came of age in this era. Our main contention is that different forms of life-writing, especially autofictions and autobiographical novels, have become the dominant narrative device for addressing and narrating the socialist past. Accordingly, the contributions to this cluster explore the era of late socialism, examining its different and often contested meanings not only from the perspective of the past but also from the perspective of today. Thus, we explore the role of autobiographical writing in commemorating the past as well as in demonstrating the demise of socialism, as represented in contemporary literatures in Czech, Polish, Romanian, and Russian.
Maximalist Autofiction, Surrealism and Late Socialism in Mircea Cărtărescu’s Solenoid
Authors: Mironescu Doris , Mironescu Andreea
Published: July 2021

This article studies the fictionalization of late Eastern-European socialism in contemporary Romania, namely the literary projection of the 1980s in Mircea Cărtărescu’s autofictional novel Solenoid (2015). The novel is an ample, paranoid, metaphysical, and counterfactual autobiography that uses a late-communist backdrop to create a metaphorically skewed representation of the self and the world. In order to describe this narrative structure as an emergent subgenre of the postmodern maximalist novel, we coined the term ‘maximalist autofiction.’ We then discussed Cărtărescu’s option for maximalist autofiction and the effects this literary choice has had on his representation of Romanian late socialism. This option is influenced by the author’s biography, as well as by his own relationship with the memory burden of socialism in today’s post-Cold War world. Cărtărescu uses hyperbole, metaphysical parody, and a maximalist surrealist imagination to propel the discussion of socialism and cultural peripherality beyond the dated parameters of the East/West dichotomies.
Reanimating/Resisting Late Soviet Monstrosity: Generational Self-Reflection and Lessons of Responsibility in Alexei Ivanov’s Pischeblok [The Food Unit]
Authors: Robbe Ksenia
Published: July 2021

Remembering late socialism through child perspectives in (auto)fictional writing has been a prominent practice in contemporary Russian literature. In particular, the early 1980s focalized by young protagonists have become the subject of three recent novels, by Alexei Ivanov, Shamil’ Idiatullin and Alexander Arkhangelsky. This article closely examines one of these novels, Alexei Ivanov’s Pischeblok [The Food Unit] published in 2016, asking how it articulates the generation that was coming of age during the 1980s and considering the ethical implications of this articulation. The reading approaches this question by examining the genre characteristics of the novel which involve a tension between ‘generatiography’ and fantasy, and between the realist and post-post-modernist modes. It argues that this hybridity of genre and a metamodernist oscillation allow for creating a multilayered representation of the late Soviet as a space of improvisational possibilities involving play with petty monsters as well as of genuine monstrosity embodying the darker side of the Soviet. The article outlines the novel’s generational self-reflection which involves re-familiarizing the readers with the ideals that existed within socialism but were not realized by the generation which internalized state socialism’s monstrous side. At the same time, the return to the moment of struggling with this monstrosity creates an alternative turning point and the possibility of responsibility-taking.
The Self in Verse. Exploring Autobiographical Poetry. Editorial
Authors: Görbert Johannes , Lindskov Hansen Marie , Wolf Jeffrey Charles
Published: July 2021

This editorial introduces the four articles of the section “The Self in Verse. Exploring Autobiographical Poetry” and connects their specific findings to a variety of more general aspects in the study of life-writing. It sketches out preliminary considerations concerning the definition of autobiographical poetry and the relevance of paratexts and autofictionality for the genre. Furthermore, it outlines some of the most common recurring themes in poems dealing with autobiographical issues, such as writing (through) the body and exploring life’s crises, watersheds, and crossroads lyrically. We advocate for a more comprehensive study of autobiographical poetry as a form of life-writing that, in our view, has not yet been investigated systematically, neither by historical nor by theoretical approaches in literary and cultural studies.
Development of story calendar media: Literacy resources for learning of narrative writing skills and character responsibilities
Authors: Rokhmani Tri Astuti , Suhardi Suhardi
Published: July 2021

This research is motivated by the need for instructional media to improve narrative writing skills and the character of student responsibility. Because of this, a story calendar with the theme of responsibility was developed. This research is RnD research. Starting from research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision. Based on the results of the media development that has been performed above, it can be conclude that the story calendar media are ready for implementation. The validity is proven by the validators, consisting the media expert, material expert, language expert, and also from the teachers and students responses. The mean score from the expert and teachers responses is belongs to “Very Eligible” criteria. All the students responses showed that they said “Yes” almost 100% in all the statement from the students questionnaire. It is excpected that the story calendar media can serve as an alternative of literacy media and supplementation learning material, especially for writing skills learning and developing student’s responsibility character. Keywords: media, story calendar, writing skill, narrative, responsibility
Challenges and strategies of postgraduate students in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Fathoni Anang , Retnawati Heri
Published: July 2021

The ongoing online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic has become a separate catalyst for the development of education that utilizes technology in the current industrial 4.0 era. However, on the other hand, there are still many gaps in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research study aims to (1) explore the experiences of postgraduate students in online learning; (2) describe the negative impacts and barriers to online learning, along with strategies for dealing with them; and (3) observe the potential that emerges in the future after the Covid-19 pandemic can be overcome. This research is qualitative research with a type of case study. Data were collected through open questionnaires and interviews with participants of 30 postgraduate students of the Primary education study program, Yogyakarta State University. Data analysis was accomplished by examining themes and sub-themes in each topic discussed, then determining the correlation between the sub-themes to conclude. The results show that students have varied experiences throughout online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, students also gain negative physical and psychological impacts, get obstacles concerning data reception, gadgets, interaction with lecturers, independent study, and learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, students also still have various strategies in dealing with the obstacles and negative impacts of Covid-19. Finally, online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is giving potential as well as negative things in the future once it is resolved.
Priziv savjesti u medicini
Authors: Vargić Hrvoje
Published: July 2021

Tema prava na priziv savjesti u medicini u posljednje vrijeme postaje sve aktualnija u javnoj raspravi. Kritičari tvrde da se tu radi o odbijanju vršenja legalne medicinske usluge ili zahvata, koje ne bi trebalo biti dopušteno, dok zagovornici inzistiraju da je priziv savjesti temeljno ljudsko pravo koje treba biti zaštićeno. Rasprave se često vode oko toga spada li izvršavanje pobačaja i sličnih zahvata (poput umjetne oplodnje i sl.) u nužni dio liječničke profesije, bez koje liječnik ne bi mogao biti liječnik. Ujedno, problematizira se spada li vršenje pobačaja u definiciju najvišeg standarda zdravstvenih usluga te koje su obveze države i liječnika po pitanju osiguravanja dostupnosti pobačaja. Članak analizira sva navedena pitanja te se izvode zaključci koji bi trebali informirati zakonodavno uređenje priziva savjesti.
Parenting style and the active involvement of fathers in child-rearing
Authors: Brust Nemet Maja , Vrdoljak Gabrijela , Livaja Budaić Viktorija
Published: July 2021

The active involvement of fathers in child-rearing affects the child’s overall growth and development, and the parenting style impacts the direction of the influence on individual aspects of a child’s life. In order to achieve gender equality in society, it is necessary to raise public awareness of the importance of a father’s gender role, a desirable parenting style, and his inclusion in all aspects of family life.
The aim of the research is to determine the level of father involvement in child-rearing, as well as the dominant parenting style based on the children’s assessment. A total of 290 pupils from 10 elementary schools in Osijek-Baranja County participated in this research, all of whom were in grades 5-8. Sociodemographic data, the 2018 parent involvement questionnaire - URU18, and the parenting behavior questionnaire 29 - URP29 were used. The results are in line with research conducted so far, and they indicate the importance of a father’s education and a supportive parenting style aiming at his involvement in housework and child care. Father’s education significantly presupposes his involvement in housework, taking care of school-related duties and obligations, and participation in leisure activities. A supportive parenting style is a significant positive predictor of all forms of father involvement, i.e., housework, school-related duties and obligations, activities, child care, and counseling. The results of this research indicate the importance of raising parental awareness of the importance of the supportive parenting style and the fathers’ involvement in child-rearing.
Bioethical aspects of robotics in surgery
Authors: Vvedenskaya Elena
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the bioethical aspects of robotics in surgery and assesses the impact of this process on the relationship between the physician and the patient. An engineering model is gradually replacing the traditional paternalistic model of the physician-patient relationship. If paternalism implies the doctor’s attitude to the patient as his sick child, which requires compassion, help, and great responsibility on the part of the doctor, then when implementing the second model, the doctor, like a technical executor, performs only the responsibilities provided by the job description. On the one hand, the dominance of a technical-type model carries the threat of depersonalizing the patient and eliminating contact between the physician and the patient. On the other hand, this contributes to a radical change in the concept of medicine. Why people usually go to doctors? For establishing a diagnosis, prescribing a course of treatment, a prescription, and performing medical manipulations? Machines, leaving a human with a completely different role in the relationship between the physician and the patient, will increasingly perform these actions. The release of doctors from routine tasks will allow them to pay more attention to patient care, fully demonstrating their human qualities. The article analyzes the surgeon’s place in modern medicine and makes an attempt to determine which category the surgery belongs to, “machine territory” or “human territory”.
Особенности затухания и усиления терагерцовых плазмонных мод в графене с учетом пространственной дисперсии
Authors: Полищук О.В. , Фатеев Д.В. , Попов В.В.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the effect of charge carrier drift on plasmon modes (plasmons) in electron Dirac liquid in graphene with a shifted Fermi level. Dispersion relations for plasmons were obtained using an electromagnetic approach and a hydrodynamic description of an electron liquid. Damped and amplified plasmon eigenmodes are studied numerically depending on the relationship of the magnitudes and directions of the direct electric current and the phase velocity of the plasmon.
Расчет температурной зависимости энергии состояний кулоновского акцептора в узкозонном твердом растворе HgCdTe
Authors: Жолудев М.С. , Румянцев В.В. , Морозов С.В.
Published: July 2021

Localized and resonant state energies of coulomb acceptor in narrow-gap HgCdTe alloy are calculated at different temperatures. A universal technique for estimation of localized and resonant state energies is suggested. It is shown theoretically that these energies are туфкдн constant in a wide range of temperatures from 0 to 100 K. The simulation is performed with scattering matrix method within spherically-symmetric three-band Kane model that takes into account the conduction band two valence bands.
Фотонные кристаллы BaTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-/SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, сформированные золь-гель методом
Authors: Гапоненко Н.В. , Холов П.А. , Корнилова Ю.Д. , Лашковская Е.И. , Лабунов В.А. , Мартынов И.Л. , Осипов Е.В. , Чистяков А.А. , Каргин Н.И. , Райченок Т.Ф. , Тихомиров С.А.
Published: July 2021

Впервые показано, что многослойные периодические структуры BaTiO3/SiO2, сформированные золь-гель методом, являются перестраиваемыми фотонными кристаллами c зависимостью фотонной запрещенной зоны от температуры образца. Сдвиг минимума в спектре отражения в области фотонной запрещенной зоны наблюдается от 616 до 610 нм в диапазоне температур образца от +184 до +24oС соответственно и воспроизводится для нескольких образцов, синтезированных при температуре 450oС. Ключевые слова: золь-гель, титанат бария, перестраиваемый фотонный кристалл.
Термофотоэлектрические GaSb-преобразователи излучения инфракрасных селективных эмиттеров
Authors: Хвостиков В.П. , Сорокина С.В. , Хвостикова О.А. , Нахимович М.В. , Шварц М.З.
Published: July 2021

In this study, GaSb-based thermophotovoltaic converters for selective mantle-type Y2O3-based emitter covered with rare earth oxides Er2O3 / Yb2O3 have been investigated. Matching the spectral response of the converters with the peaked emitter radiation wavelength λ = 1540 nm provides a thermophotovoltaic conversion efficiency of more than 26% (0.4 W).
Моделирование критического состояния слоистых сверхпроводящих структур с неоднородными слоями
Authors: Безотосный П.И. , Дмитриева К.А.
Published: July 2021

An approach for calculating the critical state of layered structures consisting of inhomogeneous superconducting layers is proposed. The method is based on the numerical solution of the one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equations, generalized for an inhomogeneous plate. The method allows one to obtain the dependence of the critical current on the magnetic field, as well as the distribution of the current and magnetic field over the layers. A comparison is made of the averaged critical current of layered structures consisting of both inhomogeneous and homogeneous layers. It was found that with a relatively small number of layers and a small external magnetic field, the critical current of layered structures with homogeneous layers can exceed the critical current of structures with inhomogeneous layers. With an increase in the number of layers and / or the value of the external magnetic field, the critical current of layered structures with inhomogeneous layers begins, on the contrary, to exceed the critical current of structures with homogeneous layers. The pinning force in structures with inhomogeneous layers is higher than in the case of homogeneous ones.
Дефекты межслоевой поверхности и термоэлектрические свойства в слоистых пленках топологических изоляторов n-Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-2.7-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-0.15-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-0.15-=/SUB=-
Authors: Лукьянова Л.Н. , Усов О.А. , Волков М.П. , Макаренко И.В. , Русаков В.А.
Published: July 2021

Interlayer surface defects and thermoelectric properties in layered films of
n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 topological insulators

L. N. Lukyanova*, O. A. Usov, M. P. Volkov, V. A. Rusakov
Ioffe Institute Russian academy of science, 194021 St.Petersburg, Russia
*E-mail: lidia.lukyanova@mail.ioffe.ru
Abstract
In layered films of n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 topological insulators optimized for temperatures below room temperature, the morphology of the (0001) interlayer surface and thermoelectric properties were studied. On the profiles of the (0001) surface, we identified neutral impurity defects arising from the substitution of Se and S atoms for Te atoms and donor antisite defects of tellurium at bismuth sites, which affect the thermoelectric properties. The average value of thermoelectric figure of merit in n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 films increases to  ≈ 3.0•10-3 K-1 in the range 80 – 215 K, while in bulk solid solution  ≈ 2.0•10-3 K-1. An increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit in films is associated with an increase in the energy dependence of the relaxation time due to an increase in the effective scattering parameter reff. It is shown that in films the Seebeck coefficient, the density of states effective mass m/m0, and the material parameter proportional to the power factor increase, while the lattice κL and electronic thermal conductivity κe decrease, which determines the increase in thermoelectric figure of merit.
Влияние кристаллической структуры подложки на магнитную анизотропию плeнок Mn-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Si-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=- (x~0.5)
Authors: Дровосеков А.Б. , Паршина Л.С. , Храмова О.Д. , Гусев Д.С. , Новодворский О.А. , Талденков А.Н. , Черноглазов К.Ю. , Рыльков В.В.
Published: July 2021

Thin films of MnxSi1-x (x ≈ 0.5) alloy were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition in a droplet-free mode on sapphire substrates with different crystallographic orientations of the cut plane (c-Al2O3 and r-Al2O3) at various laser energy densities E at the polycrystalline MnSi target. The X-ray structural, as well as static and resonance magnetic properties of the films were studied depending on E and the orientation of the substrate. The films deposited at high E > 6 J/cm2 are found to demonstrate the presence of a ferromagnetic phase with anomalously high Curie temperature TC ~ 300 K which is not typical of MnSi single crystals (TC ≈ 30 K). In the case of the c-Al2O3 sub-strates, the magnetic moment of the films turns out to be somewhat higher than in the case of the r-Al2O3 substrates. Moreover, the films deposited on the c-Al2O3 substrates exhibit noticeably higher values of the effective surface anisotropy field 4πMeff measured by ferromagnetic resonance. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of the substrate structure on the formation and magnetic properties of the high-temperature ferromagnetic phase in the MnxSi1-x films.
Tемпературная зависимость магнитных свойств и магнитополевого поведения тонкопленочных трехслойных Co/Gd/Co систем
Authors: Харламова А.М. , Макаров А.В. , Свалов А.В. , Шалыгина Е.Е.
Published: July 2021

The results of studies of the temperature dependences of the magnetic properties and magnetic field behavior of thin-film three-layer Co/Gd/Co system, obtained by ion-plasma magnetron sputtering, are present. The thickness of the cobalt layers is 5.0 nm, and the thickness of the Gd layers, tGd, varies from 3.0 to 10.0 nm. The bulk magnetic characteristics of the samples are measured on a vibrating magnetometer at the external magnetic field oriented parallel to the plane of the samples. The influence of the temperature and Gd thickness on the shape of the hysteresis loops, the values of the magnetic moment m and coercive force are discovered. In particular, with the temperature changes from 100 to 300 K, the decrease of the coercive force is observed. At a temperature above 150 K, magnetic moment increases. With increasing thickness of gadolinium, the value of m decreases.
Role of Nd and Gd Dopants on Multiferroic Behavior of BiFeO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- --- A First-Principle Study
Authors: Mahesh R. , Venugopal Reddy P.
Published: July 2021

Electronic band structure, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of multiferroic Bi1.xRExFeO3 (x=0, 0.16, 0.32, 0.5; RE=Nd and Gd) doped compounds have been investigated using TB-mBJ semi-local (Tran--Blaha modified Becke--Johnson) potential approximation method and WIEN2k code. As spin.orbit coupling (SOC) influences several properties of these materials, SOC corrections were also included in the present study. On the basis of varying band gap values, it has been concluded that the leakage current might have decreased with increasing dopant concentration. It has been concluded from the charge density studies that stereo chemically active 6S2 lone-pair electrons are present at Bi sites and they might be responsible for the displacements of Bi atoms from the centrosymmetric to the non-centrosymmetric structure position leading to the exhibition of ferroelectricity. It was also observed that magnetic moments of iron ions are not integral values probably due to hybridization of Fe electrons with neighboring O ions. To understand ferroelctric properties of these compounds, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions were obtained at ambient conditions and were analyzed using TB-mBJ + SOCpotentials. Finally, it has been concluded that the results obtained in the present investigations may be useful in predicting the properties of bismuth ferrite for possible applications in industry. Keywords: multiferroics, TB-mBJ exchange potential, charge density, spin--orbit coupling (SOC),
Фазовые переходы в трехмерной слабо разбавленной модели Поттса с q=5
Authors: Муртазаев А.К. , Бабаев А.Б.
Published: July 2021

The study of phase transitions in a three-dimensional weakly diluted 5-state Potts model is carried out by computer modeling. Systems with linear sizes L × L × L = N, L = 10 ÷ 40 at a spin concentration p = 1.00, 0.90 are considered. The obtained numerical data indicate that the introduction of an insignificant disorder in the form of non-magnetic impurities (p = 0.90) in the three-dimensional 5 - state Potts model is not essential for a phase transition of the first order.
Влияние сжимающих и растягивающих напряжений на электронную структуру фосфорена
Authors: Кривошеева А.В. , Шапошников В.Л. , v Stich I.
Published: July 2021

A new promising semiconductor material - phosphorene - was investigated and the possibilities of modifying of its interband transitions under compressive and tensile strains in the crystal lattice of the material were determined by means of theoretical modeling. It is shown that depending on the value and direction of the strains this material may be direct-gap or indirect-gap semiconductor. The potential for the use of phosphorene in nanoelectronic devices of new generation with controlled transport of charge carriers is shown.
Кристаллофизическая модель ионного переноса в монокристаллах супериоников Ba-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-La-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-2+x-=/SUB=- и Ca-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Y-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-2+x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Сорокин Н.И. , Каримов Д.Н.
Published: July 2021

Based on the electrophysical and structural data, a crystallophysical model of ion transfer in superionic conductors Ba1-xLaxF2 + x and Ca1-xYxF2 + x (space group Fm3m) is proposed, in which the charge carriers are mobile interstitial ions Fmob-, formed as a result of heterovalent substitutions of fluorite fragments [M14F64] (M = Ca, Ba) into structural clusters [M8R6F69] (R = La, Y). Single crystals of solid solutions Ca1-xYxF2 + x (0.02≤ x≤0.16) and Ba1-xLaxF2 + x (x = 0.31) were obtained by directional crystallization of the melt. The mobilities of ionic carriers in isostructural superionics Ba0.69La0.31F2.31, Ca0.84Y0.16F2.16, Pb0.67Cd0.33F2, and Pb0.9Sc0.1F2.1 are compared. Crystals Ba1-xLaxF2 + x and Ca1-xYxF2 + x with improved conductometric and mechanical characteristics are promising for replacing the traditional CaF2 electrolyte in galvanic cells for thermodynamic research of chemicals.
The COVID-19 Infodemic (Preprint)
Authors: DESAI TEJAS , Conjeevaram Arvind
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

In Situation Report #13 and 39 days before declaring COVID-19 a pandemic, the WHO declared a “COVID-19 infodemic”. The volume of coronavirus tweets was far too great for one to find accurate or reliable information. Healthcare workers were flooded with “noise” which drowned the “signal” of valuable COVID-19 information. To combat the infodemic, physicians created healthcare-specific micro-communities to share scientific information with other providers.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to eliminate noise and elevate signal tweets related to COVID-19 and provide easy access to the most educational tweets for medical professionals who were searching for information.

METHODS

We analyzed the content of eight physician-created communities and categorized each message in one of five domains. We coded 1) an application programming interface to download tweets and their metadata in JavaScript Object Notation and 2) a reading algorithm using visual basic application in Excel to categorize the content. We superimposed the publication date of each tweet into a timeline of key pandemic events. Finally, we created NephTwitterArchive.com to help healthcare workers find COVID-19-related signal tweets when treating patients.

RESULTS

We collected 21071 tweets from the eight hashtags studied. Only 9051 tweets were considered signal: tweets categorized into both a domain and subdomain. There was a trend towards fewer signal tweets as the pandemic progressed, with a daily median of 22% (IQR 0-42%). The most popular subdomain in Prevention was PPE (2448 signal tweets). In Therapeutics, Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine wwo Azithromycin and Mechanical Ventilation were the most popular subdomains. During the active Infodemic phase (Days 0 to 49), a total of 2021 searches were completed in NephTwitterArchive.com, which was a 26% increase from the same time period before the pandemic was declared (Days -50 to -1).

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 Infodemic indicates that future endeavors must be undertaken to eliminate noise and elevate signal in all aspects of scientific discourse on Twitter. In the absence of any algorithm-based strategy, healthcare providers will be left with the nearly impossible task of manually finding high-quality tweets from amongst a tidal wave of noise.

CLINICALTRIAL

not applicable
Predictive Modeling of Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and its Clinical Implications: Algorithm Development and Interpretation (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Joshua M , Liu Wenke , Chen Xiaoshan , McRae Michael P , McDevitt John T , Fenyö David
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2021 and placed significant strains on health care systems worldwide. There remains a compelling need to analyze factors that are predictive for patients at elevated risk of morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this retrospective study of patients who tested positive with COVID-19 and were treated at NYU (New York University) Langone Health was to identify clinical markers predictive of disease severity in order to assist in clinical decision triage and to provide additional biological insights into disease progression.

METHODS

The clinical activity of 3740 patients at NYU Langone Hospital was obtained between January and August 2020; patient data were deidentified. Models were trained on clinical data during different parts of their hospital stay to predict three clinical outcomes: deceased, ventilated, or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

RESULTS

The XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model that was trained on clinical data from the final 24 hours excelled at predicting mortality (area under the curve [AUC]=0.92; specificity=86%; and sensitivity=85%). Respiration rate was the most important feature, followed by SpO2 (peripheral oxygen saturation) and being aged 75 years and over. Performance of this model to predict the deceased outcome extended 5 days prior, with AUC=0.81, specificity=70%, and sensitivity=75%. When only using clinical data from the first 24 hours, AUCs of 0.79, 0.80, and 0.77 were obtained for deceased, ventilated, or ICU-admitted outcomes, respectively. Although respiration rate and SpO2 levels offered the highest feature importance, other canonical markers, including diabetic history, age, and temperature, offered minimal gain. When lab values were incorporated, prediction of mortality benefited the most from blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Features that were predictive of morbidity included LDH, calcium, glucose, and C-reactive protein.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, this work summarizes efforts to systematically examine the importance of a wide range of features across different endpoint outcomes and at different hospitalization time points.
Optimizing Existing Mental Health Screening Methods in a Dementia Screening and Risk Factor App: Observational Machine Learning Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kuleindiren Narayan , Rifkin-Zybutz Raphael Paul , Johal Monika , Selim Hamzah , Palmon Itai , Lin Aaron , Yu Yizhou , Alim-Marvasti Ali , Mahmud Mohammad
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Mindstep is an app that aims to improve dementia screening by assessing cognition and risk factors. It considers important clinical risk factors, including prodromal symptoms, mental health disorders, and differential diagnoses of dementia. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) are widely validated and commonly used scales used in screening for depression and anxiety disorders, respectively. Shortened versions of both (PHQ-2/GAD-2) have been produced.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to develop a method that maintained the brevity of these shorter questionnaires while maintaining the better precision of the original questionnaires.

METHODS

Single questions were designed to encompass symptoms covered in the original questionnaires. Answers to these questions were combined with PHQ-2/GAD-2, and anonymized risk factors were collected by Mindset4Dementia from 2235 users. Machine learning models were trained to use these single questions in combination with data already collected by the app: age, response to a joke, and reporting of functional impairment to predict binary and continuous outcomes as measured using PHQ-9/GAD-7. Our model was developed with a training data set by using 10-fold cross-validation and a holdout testing data set and compared to results from using the shorter questionnaires (PHQ-2/GAD-2) alone to benchmark performance.

RESULTS

We were able to achieve superior performance in predicting PHQ-9/GAD-7 screening cutoffs compared to PHQ-2 (difference in area under the curve 0.04, 95% CI 0.00-0.08, P=.02) but not GAD-2 (difference in area under the curve 0.00, 95% CI –0.02 to 0.03, P=.42). Regression models were able to accurately predict total questionnaire scores in PHQ-9 (R2=0.655, mean absolute error=2.267) and GAD-7 (R2=0.837, mean absolute error=1.780).

CONCLUSIONS

We app-adapted PHQ-4 by adding brief summary questions about factors normally covered in the longer questionnaires. We additionally trained machine learning models that used the wide range of additional information already collected in Mindstep to make a short app-based screening tool for affective disorders, which appears to have superior or equivalent performance to well-established methods.
It’s not just the elderly: digital illiteracy is common and deserves more attention when implementing eHealth (Preprint)
Authors: Metting Esther
Published: July 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Imagine what the world would have looked like without Internet? You probably have spent the last year more hours behind the web cam than ever before! Our lives have changed tremendously. The increased use of technology was also seen in healthcare. The use of technology in healthcare is called E-Health. Examples of E-Health are online video consultations between doctors and their patients or monitoring of blood pressure with a Bluetooth device so that information can be sent from patients home to the doctor’s office. Many of these innovations lead to better health outcomes which is fantastic!
E-Health possibilities seem to be endless and will play an increasingly important role in our health care system. There is one drawback however, in the Netherlands 2 million people are not capable of using digital technology. This also includes young people. Data from Eurostat shows that approximately 50% of the lower educated 25-54 year old citizens of western European countries lack basic digital skills. This is an important problem because this large group cannot profit from the benefits of E-Health. Eventually this will lead to health disparities of people who can’t use digital technology. The increasing use of E-Health will increase this gap and urgent action is needed. Also younger citizens need support to use eHealth. Policymakers need to find ways to either engage this group in E-Health or find alternative solutions for them so that everyone profit from optimal health care.
Appeal of editor-in-chief
Authors: Nikonov V.V.
Published: July 2021

No abstract
Aspects of modern volunteer training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Krishtafor D.A. , Stanin D.M.
Published: July 2021

Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) measures can be performed by any trained person in an out-of-hospital setting. The 2020 American Heart Association recommendations simplify the algorithm for non-medical volunteers: to start CPR at the scene, it’s enough to register agonal breathing, and CPR itself can be performed in compression-only mode. These features should be taken into account when teaching volunteers the basics of CPR.
Socio-psychological portrait of a modern medical intern in a ten-year dynamics
Authors: Yekhalov V.V. , Kravets O.V. , Krishtafor D.A.
Published: July 2021

We analyzed over 3,000 anonymous surveys of interns who studied the Emergency medicine course this year and 10 years ago. We were studying their psychological features and social behavior in ten-year dynamics. The main characteristics of representatives of generation Y in medicine were determined. Representatives of this generation need an individual personal approach, which would allow transforming the downsides of mosaic thinking, features of behavior and attitude to the educational process, modern passion for gadgets and manner of communication into positive qualities.
Hidden risks of respiratory support in neonates: retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Bolonska A.V. , Sorokina O.Yu.
Published: July 2021

Background. Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) is the main reason for visual disability in premature survivors. RP increases chances for re-hospitalization and re-admission for special help by 1.5–4 times. It can lead to blindness in childhood. Risk factors for RP are mechanical ventilation and oxygen as well as weight gain problems in the postnatal period. The purpose was to assess the influence of different elements of intensive care on the development of severe RP, particularly, respiratory support strategies. Materials and methods. Simple retro-prospective blind non-randomized trial in two separate medical centers of Dnipro enrolled 122 premature neonates with the gestational age of 28–32 weeks from 2016 till 2020. The endpoint for assessment was the development of moderate and severe RP. We performed a univariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for main risk factors. The confidence p level was 0.05. Results. Eighteen percent of premature neonates presented with moderate or severe RP on the 14th day of intensive care according to routine ophthalmologic examination. The moderate and severe RP was associated with an increase in length of noninvasive respiratory care by 4 times (p = 0.01), prolonged conventional ventilation by two-fold (p = 0.33), CPAP length by 4.5 times (p = 0.05), longer usage of additional oxygen (FiO2 > 30 %) by 4 times (p = 0.01). AUC for all these predictors ranged from 0.63 to 0.68. We found the following main predictors of retinopathy. According to statistics, every single day of respiratory support increases the chance of moderate or severe RP by 7–9 % depending on ventilation method, and caffeine citrate usage increases this chance by 6 times. Every 100 g of weight decrease is associated with a 16% increase in RP development risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Any respiratory support increases the risk of moderate and severe RP. Thus, the usage of these intensive care modalities can’t be preventive. Attentive modes of weight control should help in the prophylaxis of RP development as well as usual ophthalmologic examinations.
Characteristics and Preferences of Chicken Meat Consumers before and during Covid-19 Pandemic in Sleman Regency
Authors: Setyanovina Swastanita Sri , Suryantini Any , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: July 2021

People purchase and consume poultry meat to fulfill their animal protein needs. In early 2020, COVID-19 spread globally as well as in Indonesia that changes the social and economic conditions, which further affect people’s behavior in purchasing chicken meat. There are two types of this meat—broiler and free-range chicken—with different characteristics (attributes) that affect consumer preference. Consumers can choose chicken meat according to their needs and desires by considering its attributes. This study aims to determine chicken meat consumers' characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the differences in consumer preferences for broilers and free-range chickens. The research was conducted in Sleman Regency from April to May 2020. The primary data collected through an electronic form from 100 respondents chosen by random sampling. The descriptive analysis examines chicken meat characteristics, and the Fishbein Multi-attribute determines consumer preference for chicken meat. The results showed that consumers continued to buy chicken meat during the COVID-19 pandemic but changed the amount of purchase and the purchase location. Two main attributes affecting consumer preferences, both for broilers and free-range chickens, are the aroma and freshness. The third attribute affecting consumer preference for broilers is the meat color, while in free-range chicken, it's the halal status.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF KNOXIA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) DC.
Authors: S LOGANATHAN , K SELVAM
Published: July 2021

Objective: The study was carried out the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) Dc. using hexane and ethyl acetate extracts.

Methods: The phytochemical screening was extracted from hexane and ethyl acetate solvent and its screening was analyzed by standard procedure. GC-MS technique was analyzed in ethyl acetate extract to identify the components present in the extract. The hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the plant was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion method.

Results: The phytochemical screening was revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and tannins. The GC-MS results showed that the presence of seven bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract. The major compounds were identified such as N-Hexadecanoic Acid (9.336), 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-Bromo-N-Butyl] - (37. 883). The ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in S. aureus (8.25 mm) using ethyl acetate extracts at 50 μg.

Conclusion: Thus, this study the information regarding the phytochemical constituents present in the both extract. Hence, it can be used for further therapeutic applications in the near future study.
THE INSULINOTROPIC EFFECT OF THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVES IN TYPE II DIABETIC MODEL, RIN-5F CELLS, AND ITS ACTION ON CULTURED HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLAST SHOWS OXYGEN FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
Authors: S REKHA , DIVEKAR KALPANA , S CHANDRASHEKHARA
Published: July 2021

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a persistent disorder caused by deficiency in insulin production. Oxidative stress plays an important role in physiopathology of diabetes. The present research determined the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of 5-naphthalidin thiazolidinediones derivatives.

Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out on diabetes induced male Swiss albino rats by single intramuscular injection of alloxan (0.15 mg/kg i.m) and IDDM-rats received 4b, 4c, or 4d (36 mg/kg, p.o). The derivatives were further subjected to insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells confirmed insulinotropic effect. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using enzymatic activities on cell lines In addition, all the synthesized derivatives showed non-toxic effects against a diseased human lung fibroblast (COPD), HCC7231 (TACC CCL-96).

Results: The results revealed that 4b, 4c, and 4d showed promising results by substantially lowering the blood glucose levels on 21st day of post-administration. Serum insulin levels substantially rose, suggesting that derivatives exert insulinotropic effects through different pathways. 4c showed oxygen free-radical scavenging activity.

Conclusion: Our study proves that oral administration of 5-naphthalidin-TZD twice a day is a valuable treatment for type II diabetes. It seems to be a good drug moiety endowed significant oxygen free-radical scavenging activity.
BURNOUT AMONG ANAESTHESIOLOGISTS IN INDIA. A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY
Authors: JOHN ANNIE SHEEBA , KUMAR T SENTHIL
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Small acute stress events occurring every day at work, can gradually lead to long-term, chronic stress. Burnout syndrome is the response to chronic occupational stress experienced by the person. We aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among practicing anaesthesiologists in India and its association with personal and professional characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted, wherein a questionnaire was emailed to 5000 anaesthesiologists. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, career, and work conditions, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used. Data were analysed according to the guidelines for data processing with SPSS and an analysis of the scales used. Results: There were 1238 responders, with a response rate of 24.7%. A total of 864 completed responses were considered for analysis. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low professional outcome among our responders was 39.5%, 65%, and 50.6%. Senior residents showed a high prevalence of burnout in all subsets compared to other designation (p < 0.001). Increased prevalence was seen in the 26–35 years age group, those working around 12 h/day, doing 7–10 night shifts per month, and perceived poor remuneration. Conclusion: We conclude, that chronic stress and burnout are prevalent among anaesthesiologists in India at alarming levels. Coping strategies and relaxation techniques are necessary to reduce burnout and increase work efficiency.