bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report on preliminary assessment of the potential applications of geothermal energy (Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin), phase one and two
Authors:   Sproule Associates Ltd,   Angus Butler Engineering Ltd
Published: March 2017

Three specific applications of geothermal energy from sedimentary basins were chosen from a wide variety of potential applications. These were 1) potash mine air heating in the Saskatoon area; 2) Commercial complex space heating in the Calgary area; and 3)
district heating in the Grande Prairie area. The costs of the available energy over a 30 year life are in the range $4.78 - $4.95 per GJ, but consideration of the utilisation factor increases this cost to $12.47 - $24.12 per GJ. These figures are in 1981 dollars, and make no allowance for inflation
interest or capital or other variable economic factors.
Numerical Modeling of Material Points Evolution in a System with Gravity
Authors: Melkikh A. V. , Melkikh E. A. , Kozhevnikov V. A.
Published: March 2017

The evolution of material points interacting via gravitational force in 3D space was investigated. At initial moment points with masses of 2.48 Sun masses are randomly distributed inside a cube with an edge of 5 light-years. The modeling was conducted at different initial distributions of velocities and different ratios between potential and kinetic energy of the points. As a result of modeling the time dependence of velocity distribution function of points was obtained. Dependence of particles fraction which had evaporated frominitial cluster on time for different initial conditions is obtained. In particular, it was obtained that the fraction of evaporated particles varies between 0,45 and 0,63.

Mutual diffusion of two classes of particles at different initial conditions in the case when at initial moment of time both classes of particles occupy equal parts of cube was investigated.

The maximum Lyapunov exponent of the system with different initial conditions was calculated. The obtained value weakly depends on the ratio between initial kinetic and potential energies and amounts approximately 10–5. Corresponding time of the particle trajectories divergence turned out to be 40-50 thousand years.
A High-Order Time Domain Discontinuous Galerkin Method with Orthogonal Tetrahedral Basis for Electromagnetic Simulations in 3-D Heterogeneous Conductive Media
Authors: Yang Jun , Cai Wei , Wu Xiaoping
Published: March 2017

We present a high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the time domain Maxwell's equations in three-dimensional heterogeneous media. New hierarchical orthonormal basis functions on unstructured tetrahedral meshes are used for spatial discretization while Runge-Kutta methods for time discretization. A uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) is employed to terminate the computational domain. Exponential convergence with respect to the order of the basis functions is observed and large parallel speedup is obtained for a plane-wave scattering model. The rapid decay of the out-going wave in the UPML is shown in a dipole radiation simulation. Moreover, the low frequency electromagnetic fields excited by a horizontal electric dipole (HED) and a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD) over a layered conductive half-space and a high frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) detection for an underground structure are investigated, showing the high accuracy and broadband simulation capability of the proposed method.
Second-Order Two-Scale Computational Method for Nonlinear Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Problems of Composites with Cylindrical Periodicity
Authors: Dong Hao , Cui Junzhi , Nie Yufeng , Yang Zihao
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a novel second-order two-scale (SOTS) computational method is developed for nonlinear dynamic thermo-mechanical problems of composites with cylindrical periodicity. The non-linearities of these multi-scale problems were caused by the temperature-dependent properties of the composites. Firstly, the formal SOTS solutions for these problems are constructed by the multiscale asymptotic analysis. Then we theoretically explain the importance of the SOTS solutions by the error analysis in the pointwise sense. In addition, a SOTS numerical algorithm is proposed in detail to effectively solve these problems. Finally, some numerical examples verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the SOTS numerical algorithm we proposed.
Hex Bolts
Authors:   Fasteners Committee
Published: March 2017

Included herein are complete general and dimensional data for the various types of square and hex bolts recognized as SAE Standard and commonly used in automotive and other ground based motor vehicles and industrial equipment. Also included are appendixes covering wrench openings for bolts and thread runout sleeve gages. The inclusion of dimensional data in this standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Users are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes.
GLOSSARY OF RELIABILITY TERMINOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS
Authors:   Automotive Electronic Systems Reliability Standards
Published: March 2017

This compilation of terms, acronyms and symbols was drawn from usage which should be familiar to those working in automotive electronics reliability. Terms are included which are used to describe how items, materials and systems are evaluated for reliability, how they fail, how failures are modeled and how failures are prevented. Terms are also included from the disciplines of designing for reliability, testing and failure analysis as well as the general disciplines of Quality and Reliability Engineering. This glossary is intended to augment SAE J1213, Glossary of Automotive Electronic Terms.
GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MARINE VEHICLES
Authors:   Ship Fluid Systems Committee
Published: March 2017

This Hydrospace Information Report (HIR) identifies the general environmental considerations for the design, development, evaluation, and testing of advanced surface craft, submersible vehicles, and other marine craft. This HIR provides criteria on the environmental limits within which marine vehicles, related components, and associated equipment should operate satisfactorily and reliably.
Dynamic Ozone Test Procedure--Hydraulic Brake Hose
Authors:   Automotive Brake and Steering Hose Standards Comm
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this recommended practice is to evaluate in the laboratory the effect of flexing on a brake hose when exposed to a high ozone concentration environment. This recommended practice is intended for all vehicle hydraulic brake hoses. It is an accelerated test which subjects the hose to dynamic ozone exposure.
PROVING GROUND VEHICLE CORROSION TESTING
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

The facilities used by domestic automotive manufacturers to provide accelerated corrosion aging of complete vehicles are described in general. The types of vehicles tested, general test methodology, and techniques used to determine test-to-field correlation are discussed. The different procedures used throughout the industry produce different results on various vehicle coatings, components, and systems. The key to successful interpretation of test results is a thorough understanding of the corrosion mechanisms involved and the effects of test limitations on these mechanisms.
BEARING AND BUSHING ALLOYS
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

The bearing performance of steel backed half bearings, bushings, and washers is dependent on the properties and thickness of the lining alloy, the strength and dimensional stability of the steel backing (usually SAE 1010) and the strength of the bond between the lining alloy and the backing. This SAE Information Report is primarily concerned with the properties of the lining alloys used in automotive applications, in particular, the crankshaft bearings of the internal combustion engine.
ZINC DIE CASTING ALLOYS
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

Because of the drastic chilling involved in die casting and the fact that the solid solubilities of both aluminum and copper in zinc change with temperature, these alloys are subject to some aging changes, one of which is a dimensional change. Both of the alloys undergo a slight shrinkage after casting, which at room temperature is about two-thirds complete in five weeks. It is possible to accelerate this shrinkage by a stabilizing anneal, after which no further changes occur. The recommended stabilizing anneal is 3 to 6 h at 100 °C (212 °F), or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C (185 °F), or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C (158 °F). The time in each case is measured from the time at which the castings reach the annealing temperature. The parts may be air cooled after annealing. Such a treatment will cause a shrinkage (0.0004 in per in) of about two-thirds of the total, and the remaining shrinkage will occur at room temperature during the subsequent few weeks. Stabilizing results in a decrease in dimensions of about 0.0005 in per in from the original size of the casting. Stabilizing is, of course, unnecessary if the machine or fitting operations can be delayed until the castings have aged five weeks at room temperature.

When exposed to stagnant moisture or condensation with limited access to oxygen, a nonuniform type of corrosion may occur on zinc die castings, which often results in the formation of a bulky film of white corrosion products. This may hinder the operation of such parts as automobile lock cylinders, fuel pumps, and carburetors, and in severe cases result in rather rapid loss of zinc. Various types of chromate films are available to satisfactorily overcome this condition.

The same electroplating or enameling procedure is used with both alloys. Organic finishes are quite variable in their ability to adhere well to zinc surfaces. The phosphate type of chemical pretreatment has received widest commercial utilization, and most zinc die castings which are to be finished with lacquers or enamels are phosphate pretreated. In general, a much wider selection of finishes can be used on pretreated die castings.

The relative merits of the two SAE alloys may be outlined as follows:
Macro-Structural Policies and Income Inequality in Low-Income Developing Countries
Authors: Fabrizio Stefania , Furceri Davide , Garcia-Verdu Rodrigo , Li Bin Grace , Lizarazo Ruiz Sandra , Mendes Tavares Marina , Narita Futoshi , Peralta-Alva Adrian
Published: March 2017

Despite sustained economic growth and rapid poverty reductions, income inequality remains stubbornly high in many low-income developing countries. This pattern is a concern as high levels of inequality can impair the sustainability of growth and macroeconomic stability, thereby also limiting countries’ ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals. This underscores the importance of understanding how policies aimed at boosting economic growth affect income inequality. Using empirical and modeling techniques, the note confirms that macro-structural policies aimed at raising growth payoffs in low-income developing countries can have important distributional consequences, with the impact dependent on both the design of reforms and on country-specific economic characteristics. While there is no one-size-fits-all recipe, the note explores how governments can address adverse distributional consequences of reforms by designing reform packages to make pro-growth policies also more inclusive.
De ervaringen van beginnende en ervaren leerkrachten in het contact met ouders
Authors: ten Have Emmely , Kassenberg Annelies , Logtenberg Ria
Published: March 2017

The experiences of beginning and experienced teachers in parent teacher contact

Beginning teachers struggle during their first years, which is shown in the number of beginning teachers that leave the profession. 25 percent leaves within five years. This is worrying, as there is a lack of teachers. Beginning teachers experience multiple problems, such as high workload. Which is largely caused by parent teacher contact. In this study, the relation between the amount of work experience in primary education, and the positive or negative experiences with parent teacher contact is studied. Interviews with primary school teachers from six elementary schools in the Northern part of the Netherlands are conducted by the method of storytelling, which is a form of narrative inquiry. Ten beginning teachers and ten experienced teachers were selected. Through these interviews, multiple stories were found, which were coded inductively and deductively. Content analysis showed some differences between beginning and experienced teachers. Beginning teachers seem to feel more insecure than experienced teachers, caused by their lack of experience and having no children themselves. Thereby, beginning teachers feel less appreciated by parents than experienced teachers do. However, similarities between beginning and experienced teachers are many times as large as the differences. Beginning and experienced teachers have the same ideas about cooperating with parents. Both see a decrease of teacher authority and an increase of critical parent attitude. Both experience many support of their colleagues or coach at work.
Ouderbetrokkenheid van ouders met een kind in het eerste jaar vmbo
Authors: Hoogeveen Karin , Schilder Janneke
Published: March 2017

Parental involvement in the first year of secondary education. Parent beliefs on their roles, expectations, efficacy, wishes and behavior at the start and at the end of the school year

When schools want to strengthen parental involvement it is important to know more about the aspects influencing this. The current study explores whether the views, efficacy, wishes and expectations from parents can affect parental involvement. Understanding the decision of parents whether or not to become involved in the learning of their child and school is essential for schools in developing and improving their policies with regard to parental involvement. The ultimate goal is to strengthen educational success in students. The current study measured the parental role construction, efficacy, time and energy, the perception of invitations, and parental involvement at the beginning of the first year in secondary school (N = 201) and in the end of that school year (N = 52). The questionnaire was largely based on the empirically tested model by Hoover-Dempsey (2005). It is expected that whether or not parents decide to play an active role in the education of their child (both at home and at school) is related to the perceived role of parents, and the extent to which they score high on efficacy. Available time and energy is seen as a mediating variable. Items from the scales used by Hoover-Dempsey were translated into Dutch and were found to be reliable and usable to measure the constructs in the Dutch context. Perceived role and the degree to which parents consider themselves competent were positively related to parental involvement. Parents who were more likely to help their child with education were more involved in school, an important predictor of school success. The extent to which parents thought it was important to cooperate with the school was also positively related to parental involvement. The intermediating role of available time and energy of parents, as suggested in the model of Hoover-Dempsey, was not found in the current study.
Multiresolution analysis of the spatiotemporal variability in global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 pyranometers
Authors: Madhavan Bomidi Lakshmi , Deneke Hartwig , Witthuhn Jonas , Macke Andreas
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The time series of global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 autonomous pyranometers during the HOPE campaign around Jülich, Germany, are investigated with a multiresolution analysis based on the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform and the Haar wavelet. For different sky conditions, typical wavelet power spectra are calculated to quantify the timescale dependence of variability in global transmittance. Distinctly higher variability is observed at all frequencies in the power spectra of global transmittance under broken-cloud conditions compared to clear, cirrus, or overcast skies. The spatial autocorrelation function including its frequency dependence is determined to quantify the degree of similarity of two time series measurements as a function of their spatial separation. Distances ranging from 100 m to 10 km are considered, and a rapid decrease of the autocorrelation function is found with increasing frequency and distance. For frequencies above 1∕3 min−1 and points separated by more than 1 km, variations in transmittance become completely uncorrelated. A method is introduced to estimate the deviation between a point measurement and a spatially averaged value for a surrounding domain, which takes into account domain size and averaging period, and is used to explore the representativeness of a single pyranometer observation for its surrounding region. Two distinct mechanisms are identified, which limit the representativeness; on the one hand, spatial averaging reduces variability and thus modifies the shape of the power spectrum. On the other hand, the correlation of variations of the spatially averaged field and a point measurement decreases rapidly with increasing temporal frequency. For a grid box of 10 km  ×  10 km and averaging periods of 1.5–3 h, the deviation of global transmittance between a point measurement and an area-averaged value depends on the prevailing sky conditions: 2.8 (clear), 1.8 (cirrus), 1.5 (overcast), and 4.2 % (broken clouds). The solar global radiation observed at a single station is found to deviate from the spatial average by as much as 14–23 (clear), 8–26 (cirrus), 4–23 (overcast), and 31–79 W m−2 (broken clouds) from domain averages ranging from 1 km  ×  1 km to 10 km  ×  10 km in area.
Shortwave radiative forcing, rapid adjustment, and feedback to the surface by sulfate geoengineering: analysis of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project G4 scenario
Authors: Kashimura Hiroki , Abe Manabu , Watanabe Shingo , Sekiya Takashi , Ji Duoying , Moore John C. , Cole Jason N. S. , Kravitz Ben
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This study evaluates the forcing, rapid adjustment, and feedback of net shortwave radiation at the surface in the G4 experiment of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project by analysing outputs from six participating models. G4 involves injection of 5 Tg yr−1 of SO2, a sulfate aerosol precursor, into the lower stratosphere from year 2020 to 2069 against a background scenario of RCP4.5. A single-layer atmospheric model for shortwave radiative transfer is used to estimate the direct forcing of solar radiation management (SRM), and rapid adjustment and feedbacks from changes in the water vapour amount, cloud amount, and surface albedo (compared with RCP4.5). The analysis shows that the globally and temporally averaged SRM forcing ranges from −3.6 to −1.6 W m−2, depending on the model. The sum of the rapid adjustments and feedback effects due to changes in the water vapour and cloud amounts increase the downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface by approximately 0.4 to 1.5 W m−2 and hence weaken the effect of SRM by around 50 %. The surface albedo changes decrease the net shortwave radiation at the surface; it is locally strong (∼ −4 W m−2) in snow and sea ice melting regions, but minor for the global average. The analyses show that the results of the G4 experiment, which simulates sulfate geoengineering, include large inter-model variability both in the direct SRM forcing and the shortwave rapid adjustment from change in the cloud amount, and imply a high uncertainty in modelled processes of sulfate aerosols and clouds.
Projected global tropospheric ozone impacts on vegetation under different
emission and climate scenarios
Authors: Sicard Pierre , Anav Alessandro , De Marco Alessandra , Paoletti Elena
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The impact of ground-level ozone (O3) on vegetation is largely under-investigated at global scale despite worldwide large areas are exposed to high surface O3 levels and concentrations are expected to increase in the next future. To explore future potential impacts of O3 on vegetation, we compared historical and projected O3 concentrations simulated by six global atmospheric chemistry transport models on the basis of three representative concentration pathways emission scenarios (i.e. RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5). To assess changes in the potential O3 threat to vegetation, we used the AOT40 metric. Results point out a significant overrun of AOT40 in comparison with the recommendations of UNECE for the protection of vegetation. In fact, many areas of the northern hemisphere show that AOT40-based critical levels will be exceeded by a factor of at least 10 under RCP8.5. Changes in surface O3 by 2100 range from about +4–5 ppb worldwide in RCP8.5 scenario to reductions of about 2–10 ppb in the RCP2.6 scenario. The risk of O3 injury for vegetation decreased by 61 % and 47 % under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, respectively and increased by 70 % under RCP8.5. Key biodiversity areas in South and North Asia, central Africa and Northern America were identified as being at risk from high O3 concentrations. To better evaluate the regional exposure of ecosystems to O3 pollution, we recommend the use of improved chemistry-climate modelling system, fully coupled with dynamic vegetation models.
Separating overstory and understory leaf area indices for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusion of MODIS and MISR data
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Ronggao , Pisek Jan , Chen Jing M.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes and phenology, as well as ecosystem functions. Separate retrievals of leaf area index (LAI) for these two layers would help to improve modeling forest biogeochemical cycles, evaluating forest ecosystem functions and also remote sensing of forest canopies by inversion of canopy reflectance models. In this paper, overstory and understory LAI values were estimated separately for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusing MISR and MODIS observations. Monthly forest understory LAI was retrieved from the forest understory reflectivity estimated using MISR data. After correcting for the background contribution using monthly mean forest understory reflectivities, the forest overstory LAI was estimated from MODIS observations. The results demonstrate that the largest extent of forest understory vegetation is present in the boreal forest zones at northern latitudes. Significant seasonal variations occur for understory vegetation in these zones with LAI values up to 2–3 from June to August. The mean proportion of understory LAI to total LAI is greater than 30 %. Higher understory LAI values are found in needleleaf forests (with a mean value of 1.06 for evergreen needleleaf forests and 1.04 for deciduous needleleaf forests) than in deciduous broadleaf forests (0.96) due to the more clumped foliage and easier penetration of light to the forest floor in needleleaf forests. Spatially and seasonally variable forest understory reflectivity helps to account for the effects of the forest background on LAI retrieval while compared with constant forest background. The retrieved forest overstory and understory LAI values were compared with an existing dataset for larch forests in eastern Siberia (40–75° N, 45–180° E). The retrieved overstory and understory LAI is close to that of the existing dataset, with an absolute error of 0.02 (0.06), relative error of 1.3 % (14.3 %) and RMSE of 0.93 (0.29) for overstory (understory). The comparisons between our results and field measurements in eight forest sites show that the R2 values are 0.52 and 0.62, and the RMSEs are 1.36 and 0.62 for overstory and understory LAI, respectively.
El factor humano
Authors: Tejeda Guillermo
Published: March 2017

El majestuoso dispositivo de encasillamiento de los tiempos, espacios y conductas en grandes recintos escolares (según el modelo acunado hace un par de siglos) está quedando obsoleto y ha perdido gran parte de su atractivo. la enseñanza del diseño no se escapa a este proceso de declinación. Surgen, sin embargo, nuevas experiencias y opiniones cuyo afán es renovar la gestión pedagógica, volver a centrar el aprendizaje en la tradición clásica de la conversación, la acción y la transformación personal.
La cultura digital en la formación de diseñadores
Authors: Hamuy Eduardo
Published: March 2017

La sociedad de la información pone en jaque el modelo clásico, más aún en una profesión como el diseño, donde el papel de la técnica es muy grande. Si a esto sumamos la brecha generacional que esta revolución tecnológica ha producido, tendremos al menos dos componentes de tensión en el desarrollo del curriculum.
¿Por qué Pioneers of Modern Design de Nikolaus Pevsner es lo que es?
Authors: Corrada Manuel
Published: March 2017

En 1936 Nikolaus Pevsner publicó Pioneers of Modern Design. El libro abarca los años 1880-1914, de Morris a Gropius. En esos días, General Motors estaba enviando encuestas a miles de dueños de automóviles preguntándoles que estilos les gustaban, por qué, que esperaban de un autom6vil nuevo; en resumen, haciendo investigación de los clientes. No parece causalidad que también

en la misma época y por primera vez los diseñadores industriales, además de sus preocupaciones estéticas, comenzaron a ser consultados acerca de lo que "quería" el público. Sin embargo, el libro de Pevsner está ciego a ese tipo de consideraciones, y su universo de objetos materiales se reduce las artes decorativas y a bienes domésticos preindustriales.
La norma en lo cotidiano del mobiliario de la Caja del Seguro Obrero Obligatorio
Authors: Campos Gajardo Alicia
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo intenta exponer cómo el diseño participa de una configuración de la realidad desde una dimensión político administrativa, siendo incluido desde una perspectiva moderna, expresada en la construcción de una imagen normada de lo cotidiano. El caso de estudio presentado es el de la Caja del Seguro Obrero Obligatorio, o la historia de cómo a partir de la concepción de una institucionalidad vinculada al Estado asistencialista de la primera mitad del siglo XX, y de su correspondiente estructura administrativa, se construye una nueva realidad, sin precedente, donde la protección de la vida y el despliegue de los instrumentos requeridos convocan un correlato en arquitectura, vestuario y diseño de mobiliario, una realidad “otra” que se desarrolla o se desenvuelve y dispersa en el territorio, a partir de una concepción abstracta inicial, y que repercute en expresiones de diseño de extraordinaria calidad y personalidad.
Diseño y desarrollo en las periferias del capitalismo. Transferencias metodológicas entre HfG-Ulm y el Grupo de Diseño del INTEC
Authors: Portal Carrasco Fernando
Published: March 2017

El presente texto presenta las inquietudes iniciales de una investigación (CNCA Fondart 2015), que tiene como objetivo el documentar, analizar y difundir la producción del Grupo de Diseño Industrial, liderado por Gui Bonsiepe, y alojado en el Comité de Investigaciones Tecnológicas (INTEC) de corto, entre enero de 1970 y septiembre de 1973, durante la presidencia marxista de Salvador Allende. La investigación busca profundizar en las condiciones de desarrollo disciplinar del diseño industrial en América Latina y en Chile, a través del análisis de los fenómenos de transferencia, adaptación, apropiación y transformación de la metodología disciplinar desarrollada en HfG-Ulm. La hipótesis de trabajo sostiene que a través del análisis de los documentos, y de la reconstrucción analítica de los prototipos generados por el Grupo de Diseño, se podrá reconocer, comprobar y avanzar en el análisis de sus metodologías proyectuales, entendidas como producto de las condiciones culturales y políticas del período, asociadas al rol del diseño en sociedades no competitivas, y a la búsqueda proyectual de una independencia tecnológica.
Interfaz y heterarquía: diseños de interacción locales para la independencia colaborativa descentralizada
Authors: Maulén De Los Reyes David
Published: March 2017

El concepto de tecnologías de la información interface, se usa indistintamente para referirse a situaciones proyectuales vinculadas al diseño. Habitualmente asociado como derivación del manejo de empresas, especialmente desde los años 80. Desde un ángulo opuesto, la susceptibilidad para la independencia colaborativa descentralizada fue aplicada de manera experimental en el proyecto institucional estatal chileno; desde los años 20 a los primeros años 70, consiguiendo a fines de este período diversos avances en el ámbito de la informática que hoy son revalorizados. En este contexto el diseñador alemán Gui Bonsiepe, proveniente de la experiencia de la HfG-Ulm, coordinó el desaparecido Instituto Tecnológico de la Corporación de Fomento (INTEC CORFO, 1968-1973). Es aquí donde de cierta manera reformula el proto infomático concepto de interfaz, sintetizando otras iniciativas de diseño de interacción necesarias de resignificar que pueden dar cuenta de un vacío para una crítica a la economía política del espacio de lo simbólico en la posible excepcionalidad orgánica que habría significado esta conceptualización a escala nacional. Se hace, por tanto, necesario reconstituir las principales variables y modelos precedentes que delimitaron esta susceptibilidad “heterárquica”. Como situación y susceptibilidad específica de enunciación de un concepto fundamental entre tecnologías de la información y comunicación.
La tipografía moderna entre la ideología y la utilidad. Una revisión de las propuestas de Jan Tschichold y Otl Aicher
Authors: Bascuñán Correa Patricio
Published: March 2017

Este texto busca generar una reflexión crítica en torno a los planteamientos de Jan Tschichold en La nueva tipografía (1928), un hito que marcó una fractura en el desarrollo de la tipografía, en la misma línea de las vanguardias, al contrastarlos con los conceptos sobre tipografía que desarrolla Otl Aicher, fundador de la HfG-Ulm, en su libro Tipografía (2004). Y es que, a pesar de que ambos autores aboguen por un ejercicio del diseño gráfico basado en la legibilidad y el concepto de orden, proponiendo un diseño abierto y democrático, existen puntos en donde discrepan, como es el rechazo de la tradición de la escritura romana por parte de Tschichold y su tendencia a anteponer la ideología a la utilidad, en donde Aicher responde desde su pragmatismo. Así, al visibilizar aquellas discrepancias se pretende desmitificar la denominada tipografía funcionalista impulsada por Tschichold, reconociendo sus errores y aciertos, en pos de una tipografía basada en un principio de utilidad que sepa rescatar lo mejor de lo nuevo y la tradición.
The Roles of Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge Teachers in Organizing Their Students Relationships with Social Networks
Authors: Turan Emine Zehra , Isciturk Gokce Becit
Published: March 2017

In parallel to the improvements experienced in information and communication systems in recent years, any use of Internet, especially the social networks by children and adolescents has been noticed to be increasing gradually. Use of social networks that starts at early ages has exposed children to some dangers. For that reason, the responsibility for teachers and parents upon raising the awareness of students for the threats possible to be encountered on the internet and upon being a guide and role model appears. As in other different branches, the role of Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (RCMK) teachers upon being a guide and role model has also gradually increased. Subsequent to this study, needs of Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge teachers on this issue could be determined, and necessary seminars could be prepared. In this period when we live with social networks, it seems important in terms of teachers to raise the awareness and be aware of their responsibilities on their students.
Factors associated with physician prescribing behavior of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes in the US outpatient population
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Park Chanhyun , Lin Hsien-Chang , Andrews Sweta , Chang Jongwha
Published: March 2017

Objective: Although the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors has been increasing after their first approval in 2006, little is known about their prescribing pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the prescribing pattern of the DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and examine sociological factors associated with physician prescribing behavior in the U.S. outpatient setting.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from the 2006-2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and employed the Eisenberg model that explains physician decision making in the context of sociologic influences. For independent variables, the following characteristics were determined based on the Eisenberg model: patient characteristics, physician characteristics, the physician-health care system interaction, and the physician-patient relationship. The dependent variable was the use of DPP-4 inhibitors. Multivariate logistic regressions were used for analyses.Results: The estimated population size was 535,158,796 patients during five years, and 3.85% of them were prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors. Among the patient characteristic-related factors, the odds of the use of DPP-4 inhibitors was 73% lower in patients with Medicaid compared to patients with private insurance (OR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.88; p = .030). For the physician characteristic-related factor, the odds of prescribing DPP-4 inhibitors for primary care physicians are about 86% higher than the odds for non-primary care physicians (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.17-2.95; p = .008). In addition, physicians in private offices were 3.01 times more likely to prescribe DPP-4 inhibitors than physicians in the health maintenance organizations (HMO) (OR = 3.01; 95% CI, 1.03-8.78; p = .043).Conclusions: Patient characteristics, physician characteristics, and the physician’s relationship with the health care system were associated with an increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors. However, the physician’s relationship with the patient was not associated with an increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors.
Teachers’ Beliefs in English Language Teaching and Learning: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gilakjani Abbas Pourhosein , Sabouri Narjes Banou
Published: March 2017

Beliefs form part of the process of understanding how teachers shape their work which is significant to the comprehending of their teaching methods and their decisions in the classroom. Teachers’ beliefs have been an interesting topic for researchers due to the input they provide for the improvement of English language teaching and learning. Teachers’ beliefs have a deep impact on their classroom principles. The realization of this relationship is very important for teachers to prepare and implement their new syllabus. Teachers’ beliefs affect what they accomplish in their classroom, their attitudes, and their learner’ beliefs. They guide teachers to adopt their teaching strategies for coping with their teaching challenges, shape language learners’ learning environment, their motivation and their language ability. In this study, the researchers define the term belief, explain the nature of teachers’ beliefs, express sources of teachers’ beliefs, and finally mention some previous studies on teachers’ beliefs. The review of related literature revealed that investigating teachers’ beliefs will help them change their methods to teaching and learning over time in order to bring about more improvement for language learners.
Effect of Bank Innovations on Profitability and Return on Assets (ROA) of Commercial Banks in Lebanon
Authors: Sujud Hiyam , Hashem Boutheina
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this research is to study bank innovations in the field of mobile banking, debit and credit cards, automated machines (ATM), internet banking, point of sale terminals (PST) and electronic funds transfer (EFT). It purposely looked into those innovations in relation to their influence on profitability and return on assets (ROA) of Lebanese commercial banks. Data was collected through a research questionnaire, and statistical analysis was done using the Package of Social Sciences Software (SPSS). The results revealed that there is a significant positive impact of bank innovations on profitability and return on assets of Lebanese commercial banks and significance tests also showed that the impact was statistically significant. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that bank innovations affect profitability and return on assets (ROA) of commercial banks in Lebanon positively.
Procedures for Developing Evidence-Informed Performance Checklists for Improving Early Childhood Intervention Practices
Authors: Dunst Carl J.
Published: March 2017

A conceptualization-operationalization-measurement framework is described for developing evidence-informed early childhood intervention performance checklists. Performance checklists include lists of practice indicators where the indicators, taken together, operationally define particular types of intervention practices that, when used as intended, can be expected to have desired outcomes and benefits. The use of the framework for operationalizing recommended practices is described to illustrate its applicability for developing tools for improving early childhood intervention.
Reformed Teaching and Learning in Science Education: A Comparative Study of Turkish and US Teachers
Authors: Ozfidan Burhan , Cavlazoglu Baki , Burlbaw Lynn , Aydin Hasan
Published: March 2017

Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learning, and therefore highlight a shift in beliefs of teachers and apply these perceptions to the real world. Science teachers’ beliefs have been crucial in understanding and reforming science education as beliefs of teachers regarding learning and teaching science impact their practice. The purpose of this study was to compare US and Turkish science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. As an instrument, we used Beliefs about Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) to collect and measure the teachers’ beliefs regarding teaching and learning science education. We used an independent-sample t-test to analyze Turkish and American science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. In total, 38 science teachers from the US and 27 science teachers from Turkey participated in this study. Results showed that US science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science are statistically higher than Turkish science teachers. The results of this study also indicated that although American and Turkish science education aim similar constructivist views on learning and teaching science, American science teachers hold more reformed beliefs in science teaching and learning than their Turkish colleagues.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Options. Literature Reviev
Authors: Zamborsky Radoslav , Kokavec Milan , Simko Lukas , Bohac Martin
Published: March 2017

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of entrapment neuropathy. Several authors have investigated the anatomical and pathophysiological features of CTS and have identified several parameters that, in combination, play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Advancement in biological research on CTS has enabled the advent of efficient diagnostic techniques such as provocative tests and nerve conduction studies. Sophisticated technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US), have facilitated the diagnosis of CTS. This review article aims at consolidating the relevant medical literature pertaining to the symptoms, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of CTS. It also compares the various methods of diagnosis and discusses their benefits and disadvantages. Finally, it sheds light on the conservative vs. surgical approach to treatment and compares them. While the surgical approach has proved to be more efficient relative to the conservative methods of steroid injections and splinting, many studies have demonstrated both advantages and adverse effects of the surgical methods. Surgical options and complications are discussed in detail. This article comprehensively summarizes all medical aspects of CTS to update medical professionals’ knowledge regarding the disease.
Programa Mais Médicos: análise dos potenciais riscos e benefícios a partir da experiência como supervisor no município de Jandira
Authors: Gusso Gustavo Diniz Ferreira
Published: March 2017

Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o trabalho de supervisão do Mais Médicos em uma cidade na região da Grande São Paulo ao longo de 2014. O programa Mais Médicos foi instituído pelo governo federal em 2013 e conta com a participação de médicos de diversos países, sendo que a maioria é de Cuba. Este relato de experiência procura elencar e analisar de forma sucinta alguns potenciais riscos e benefícios que o programa proporciona aos diversos atores envolvidos.
Editor's Note
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: March 2017

In a world full of political uncertainty, when even friends (and not just some Facebook "friends") are spouting their full-charged opinions on social media, I find it comforting to be a librarian. And an a-political one at that.
A Hook and a Book: Rewards as Motivators in Public Library Summer Reading Programs
Authors: Small Ruth V. , Arnone Marilyn P. , Bennett Erin
Published: March 2017

Summer reading programs (SRPs) in public libraries have been a stalwart of programming for youth for more than a century. These programs are intended to encourage students to continue reading throughout the summer, practice communication skills, and develop a lifelong voluntary reading habit--a love of reading--in the context of a safe and friendly learning environment.
Beyond the Computer Age: A Best Practices Intro for Implementing Library Coding Programs
Authors: Prato Stephanie C.
Published: March 2017

At the Fayetteville Free Library (FFL), we are working to develop a comprehensive plan for supporting computer science education and coding for every age through the public library’s informal learning platform.We introduce young children to programming logic, we teach elementary and middle school children coding languages, and we support adults in skill building and career shifts. In January 2016, President Obama announced the “Computer Science for All” initiative, which identified STEAM (science, technology, engineering, and math) learning and computer science as national priorities for all age groups.
A Sound History: Audiobooks Are Music to Children’s Ears
Authors: Cahill Maria , Moore Jennifer
Published: March 2017

Mr. Gutenberg came along and suddenly we had the book. But long before that, we had the oral traditions, we had storytellers sitting down and weaving a plot and presenting characters,” so says adult author Michael Lamb in a National Public Radio interview.Indeed, the power of a good story is hard to deny, and the unprecedented growth of audiobooks in recent years, with marked increases among children and young adult titles suggests that this oral tradition is still very much valued by children and adults alike.Given the continued interest in this form of information receiving and a renewed focus on listening within education, it is important for librarians to know the history of audiobooks and recognize components that make audiobooks distinct.
Contribuições literárias para os estudos narrativos a partir de um Corpus português: a narrativa em António Lobo Antunes
Authors: Lima Girola Maristela Kirst de
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar de que forma os romances, mesmo como obras literárias, podem discutir a própria construção narrativa e, dessa forma, contribuir para uma nova teorização do fenômeno narratológico. Para exemplificar, tomaremos como exemplo o romance Não entres tão depressa nessa noite escura, de António Lobo Antunes, publicado em 2000, pois acreditamos que o escritor português, por meio desse romance e também de outros, apresenta um texto de caráter inovativo e pouco convencional que traz importante contribuição para o estudo da narrativa sob uma nova perspectiva.
Implicações narratológicas em La Ciociara, de Alberto Moravia e Vittorio de Sica
Authors: Cardoso Marinês Lima
Published: March 2017

A literatura e o cinema possuem semelhanças e divergências, pois, apesar deste último ser uma expressão artística essencialmente visual, ele se aproxima da literatura no que diz respeito ao uso das palavras e à finalidade de contar histórias. Trata-se de uma arte que tem as suas próprias especificidades, como a imagem e o som, mas que apresenta, assim como a literatura, uma natureza narrativa. Neste trabalho, serão discutidas algumas estratégias narrativas, como o narrador, o espaço e o tempo, no romance La Ciociara (1957), de Alberto Moravia, e na sua adaptação cinematográfica, Two women (1960), de Vittorio De Sica.
Introduction
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K. , Engberg Jan
Published: March 2017

No abstract.
Generic variation across legislative writing. A contrastive analysis of the UNCITRAL Model Law and Brazil's Arbitration Law
Authors: Frade Celina
Published: March 2017

The nature of legislation is to control human relations and actions by words. Legislative writing displays relative uniformity though, as a genre, some variations are allowed across legal systems, as in the case of arbitration laws. This article focuses on the generic variation of two arbitration laws: the UNCITRAL Model Law on the International Commercial Arbitration (hereafter UNCITRAL) and the Brazilian Arbitration Law 9.307/1996 (hereafter BAL). Arbitration is an alternative form of conﬂ ict resolution based upon the free will of the parties to invest arbitrators, (not the judiciary) with the jurisdiction to settle disputes in a contract of commercial nature. The claim is that the analysis (at surface level) of textual organization and legislative style in the data cannot account alone for an explanation of how legislative information is functionally realized in order to achieve its communicative intent. To explain this we, therefore, also consider how legislative information is packaged by means of some textualization devices (qualiﬁ cational insertions, binomial and multinomial structures and textual-mapping) and conclude by showing how recontextualization is realized in the data by means of generality, fuzziness and vagueness of terms and expressions.
Log Files as a Tool for Improving Internet Dictionaries
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Johnsen Mia
Published: March 2017

In their advertisements, dictionary publishers often praise their dictionaries for taking into account the exact needs of the users. Until the beginning of the 1980s, however, no theoretical contributions on dictionary use were available, neither in the form of purely theoretical considerations nor in the form of empirical research. Since then, the situation has changed completely. Such a large number of user surveys have been carried out that it is no longer possible to give a complete overview. Nevertheless, this has led to no signiﬁcant improvement of the situation as the majority of these surveys are not related to concrete examples of dictionary use. The surveys, which have always been concerned with printed dictionaries, have therefore not contributed to substantial improvements of dictionary conception. In the case of internet dictionaries, on the other hand, technical possibilities enable lexicographers to monitor user behaviour in a different and much more precise way. Analyses of log ﬁles reveal exactly which lemmas and which types of information have been requested, and, perhaps more signiﬁcantly, which lemmas and which types of information have been requested but were not found in the dictionary. Furthermore, log ﬁles allow lexicographers to see the types of information which have not, or not yet, been searched for. All in all, log ﬁles may thus be used as a tool for improving internet dictionaries – and perhaps also printed dictionaries – quite considerably.