bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative solution with quantitative potential for the mouse hippocampal cortex flatmap problem
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Hahn Joel D.
Published: January 2020

Significance

The hippocampal formation (HPF) plays an important role in many cerebral cortical functions, including memory consolidation, spatial navigation, and motivation and emotion. However, the highly convoluted hippocampal layers make visualization of basic spatial relationships unusually difficult. A mouse HPF flatmap was derived qualitatively from a physical model in rat, and to demonstrate its utility this flatmap was used to compare the results of experiments showing the intrahippocampal projections of dentate gyrus mossy fibers with Pcp4 gene expression. A spatial comparison of the rat and mouse HPF is included, and requirements are presented for producing a quantitative computer graphics flatmap that could be used to create a human hippocampal flatmap with accompanying coordinate system that transfers onto the intact brain.
Ternary polyurethane nanocomposites with remarkable electrical conductivity
Authors: Al-Attabi Nuha Y. , Adhikari Raju , Cass Peter , Bown Mark , Kaur Gagan , Gunatillake Pathiraja , Malherbe François , Yu Aimin
Published: January 2020

A series of polyurethane composites with constant 5 wt-% loading of 2D graphene nanosheets and varying levels of 1D silver nanowire (AgNW) were prepared by a solution mixing method. The electrical conductivity of composite films was measured using a 4-point probe method. An extremely high conductivity of 3,657 S cm–1 was achieved with a polyurethane composite containing 25 wt-% AgNW and 5 wt-% graphene, confirming that a combination of AgNW and graphene is very effective in producing conducting pathways to achieve high conductivity. The incorporation of AgNW and graphene was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Additionally, the results of tensile strengths and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the as-prepared polyurethane composite films possessed good mechanical properties and stable thermal properties.
Salicylic acid receptor NPR1 is involved in guard cell chitosan signaling
Authors: Prodhan Yeasin , Issak Mohammad , Munemasa Shintaro , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2020

Chitosan (CHT) induces stomatal closure and thus plays a crucial role in plants to adapt to the adverse environments. Our previous results of a SA-deficient mutant nahG suggest that endogenous salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the CHT signaling in guard cells. Here in order to make the involvement definite, we examined stomatal responses to CHT of another SA-deficient mutant, sid2, and an SA receptor mutant, npr1-3. The sid2 mutation impaired CHT-induced stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species production and both impairments were complemented with exogenous SA application. Moreover, the CHT-induced stomatal closure is disrupted in the npr1-3 mutant. These results suggest that endogenous SA is involved in the CHT-induced stomatal closure via the SA receptor, NPR1.

Abbreviations

SA: salicylic acid; ABA: abscisic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NPR1: nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related genes1; CHT: chitosan; DAB: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
Characterization of Burkholderia sp. strain CJ1, a newly isolated berberine-degrading bacterium from rhizosphere of Coptis japonica
Authors: Yoshida Hinaka , Takeda Hisashi , Wakana Daigo , Hosoe Tomoo
Published: January 2020

Burkholderia sp. strain CJ1 was newly isolated as berberine (BBR) degrading bacteria from rhizosphere of Coptis japonica. CJ1 had the ability to utilize BBR as the sole carbon source and revealed that BBR metabolism via 11-hydroxylation and demethylenation pathway. It was also revealed that the 11-hydroxylation ability of BBR and palmatine (PAL) has induced by BBR.
Essential cell-extrinsic requirement for PDIA6 in lymphoid and myeloid development
Authors: Choi Jin Huk , Zhong Xue , Zhang Zhao , Su Lijing , McAlpine William , Misawa Takuma , Liao Tzu-Chieh , Zhan Xiaoming , Russell Jamie , Ludwig Sara , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Anderton Priscilla , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce
Published: January 2020

In a forward genetic screen of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–induced mutant mice for aberrant immune function, we identified mice with a syndromic disorder marked by growth retardation, diabetes, premature death, and severe lymphoid and myeloid hypoplasia together with diminished T cell–independent (TI) antibody responses. The causative mutation was in Pdia6, an essential gene encoding protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6), an oxidoreductase that functions in nascent protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immune deficiency caused by the Pdia6 mutation was, with the exception of a residual T cell developmental defect, completely rescued in irradiated wild-type recipients of PDIA6-deficient bone marrow cells, both in the absence or presence of competition. The viable hypomorphic allele uncovered in these studies reveals an essential role for PDIA6 in hematopoiesis, but one extrinsic to cells of the hematopoietic lineage. We show evidence that this role is in the proper folding of Wnt3a, BAFF, IL-7, and perhaps other factors produced by the extra-hematopoietic compartment that contribute to the development and lineage commitment of hematopoietic cells.
Observation of wide-angle impedance matching in terahertz photonic crystals
Authors: Li Shanshan , Wang Yu , Zhang Wenya , Lu Weixin , Hou Bo , Luo Jie , Lai Yun
Published: January 2020

Reflection due to impedance mismatch at interfaces of different materials is undesired in many THz applications including THz communication, spectroscopy and imaging. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a type of THz photonic crystals exhibiting wide-angle impedance matching property with free space. The reflection as well as the reflection-induced Fabry–Pérot resonances are efficiently suppressed in a relatively broad spectrum. A sample is fabricated using high-resistance silicon and polyethylene terephthalate films. By using THz time domain spectroscopy, we have clearly observed high transmittance and suppression of Fabry–Pérot resonances for a wide range of incident angles (0°–60°) and a relatively broad spectrum (0.26–0.55 THz) in both polarizations. Our work opens a general approach for improvement of transmission and imaging quality in THz spectroscopy.
The Perovskite Phase Optimize of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles
Authors: Ady Jan , Nurpratiwi Arum , Aliyah  , Apriliana Winda
Published: January 2020

The barium titanate gel has been made by sol-gel techniques and then sintered at 800°C for its nanoparticles powder. Previously, all of the samples are made into the mass ratio, particularly its notation in gram units to the composition with polyvinyl alcohol. Finally, its perovskite phase of the barium titanate nanoparticles were found and optimum occurs in the proportional mass ratio or BaTiO3/PVA. By X-ray diffraction equipment, it be examined to got the optimum tetragonal crystallite where it indicates the perovskite phase had been optimal formed. The both of PSA and TEM equipments were uses and found that barium titanate nanoparticles in which dominantly for all of them.
In vitro study of Nano Hydroxyapatite/Streptomycin -Gelatin-Based Injectable Bone Substitute Associated- 3D printed Bone Scaffold for Spinal Tuberculosis Case
Authors: Firdhausi Wardhani Inten , Mega Rizki Samudra Rofi , Katherine  , Hikmawati Dyah
Published: January 2020

According to WHO (2018) Indonesia was placed in the third ranked of the highest number of TB sufferers worldwide. TB was caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterial infection not only could affect the lungs, but also bone tissue, especially the spine, which then called as spinal tuberculosis. There had been many alternatives to overcome this case. One of them was by using Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) based on nano Hydroxyapatite (nanoHA), gelatin and streptomycin. The severe sponal tuberculosis case might cause the bone defect. Due to this bone defect, IBS alone would not be able to handle this issue. Thus, scaffold was needed to replace and support the infected bone. Besides, the combination between IBS paste and bone scaffold could help the bone tissue regeneration. The nanoHA and gelatin contents of the IBS paste provided the mineral which was need for bone tissue regeneration. While the bone scaffold would support those contents by providing the extracellular matrix for the new bone tissue attachment. The IBS associated- scaffold could be an alternative to deliver spinal tuberculosis’ drug locally. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of this combination through antibacterial study and drug release test using UVVis spectrophotometer. As well as the cytotoxicity test to know the risk of these two materials within the body. The IBS was synthesized by mixing nano hydroxyapatite and 20 w/v% gelatin with ratio of 65:35 and 10% streptomycin addition as antibiotic agent. The mixture was added by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as suspending agent. FTIR test showed that there was a chemical reaction occurred in the mixture. The performance of this combination showed that the released- streptomycin, qualitatively, could kill the Staphylococcus aureus trough the antibacterial test. Furthermore, it also had been proven that the IBS associated- scaffold could release an increasing streptomycin concentration over time. In addition, the combination showed a good result in cytotoxicity test where the cell viability was more than 50%. According to the results mentioned before, the IBS paste associated- scaffold was a promising breakthrough to overcome spinal tuberculosis case as a local drug deliver.
The Effect of Basis Set on Quantum Tunneling Probability with the Case of trans-HCOH Isomerization
Authors: Susanti E D , Junia S R , Fadilla R N , Supardi A
Published: January 2020

We investigate the effects of basis set in quantum tunneling probability in the case of trans-HCOH isomerization to H2CO. Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation with B3LYP as functional exchange-correlation and 6-31G(d, p) as basis set, Rizka et al. found that trans-HCOH molecule has half life for 2.5 hours. The result has 0.7 hour longer than experimental result done by Schreiner et al. In this study, we used five variations of basis set which are: STO-3G, 6-31G, 6-31G(d, p), 6-31+G(d, p), and LANL2DZ. We started to investigate the effects of basis set on the electronic structure and vibrational frequency of the molecules. Then, we investigated the effects of basis set on quantum tunneling probability in molecule. Based on quantum tunneling probabilities, we could calculate half-life of trans-HCOH isomerization to H2CO. We compare our results to the experimental result done by Schreiner et al. The results show that basis set increases the quantum tunneling probability of the isomerization.
Physical Characteristics of Erythropoetin Encapsulated into Alginate Polymer Using Aerosolization Technique
Authors: Melani Hariyadi Dewi , Rosita Noorma , Amalia Kamila
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research was to evaluate physical characteristics of erythropoietin encapsulated into alginate polymer using a microparticle technology called aerosolization technique at different polymer concentrations. Erythropoetin is a model of neuroprotectant drugs. The sodium alginate concentrations used were 1%, 2%, and 3% with 1M cross-linker CaCl2. The physical characteristics in terms of morphology, particle size, swelling index, yield, and structural integrity of erythropoietin-Ca alginate microspheres were determined. Microsphere evaluation included FT-IR, DTA, moisture content, morphology using SEM, particle size distribution using optical microscopy, determination of swelling index, and yield. SDS PAGE electrophoresis was also conducted to evaluate the molecular weight of erythropoietin before and after the microencapsulation process.

The resulting microspheres had spherical form, smooth surface, and the sizes below 5 μm. The determination of swelling index was performed using two methods, namely calculation of mass differentiation and size differentiation at 24 and 30 hours. Results of examination from swelling indices in F1, F2, F3 were 0.58, 1.25, 1.43 (at 24 hours) and 0.78, 1.78, 2.16 (at 30 hours), respectively, whereas resulted of swelling index of 0.50, 1.15, 1.32 (by size method at 24 hours), and 0.65, 1.80, 1.98 (at 30 hours). The result of yield microspheres of F1, F2, F3 were 75.55% ± 0, 350; 77, 84% ± 0, 290; and 86, 65% ± 0, 191. Statistical result showed that an increase of alginate concentration causes an increse in particle size, swelling indeks, and yield. From SDS PAGE profile, it was confirmed that erythropoietin maintains its structural integrity evidenced by the similar molecular weight before and after encapsulation process. This study has demonstrated the potential of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres that may be effective as a neuroprotectant drug.
Synthesis of Aluminium Nanoparticles Using Electrochemical Method
Authors: Anggraeni S D , Kurniawan F
Published: January 2020

Aluminium nanoparticles (Al NPs) have been synthesized using electrochemical method. The synthesis was conducted by electrolysis of aluminium metal in a sodium citrate solution as an electrolyte solution. Formation of Al NPs was investigated on the variation of potential (5-50 V), concentration of electrolyte solution (0.02-0.42 M), and electrolysis time (15-75 minutes). The obtained product was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. XRD pattern indicate that the obtained product was aluminium nanoparticles. The result show that the size of Al NPs were 56-63 nm with the Al compositions of 7.08%. The optimum condition was reached at 40 V with 0.18 M sodium citrate solution during 45 minutes electrolysis process. The plasmon band peak was found at 234 nm. In this condition Al Nps is more stable.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Based on Nano Coral Using precipitation Method For Bone Substitution
Authors: Siswanto  , Hikmawati Dyah , Benecdita N , Nurmala Siti
Published: January 2020

The synthesis of hydroxyapatite based nano coral by precipitation method already has been done. This method is chosen because it does not need to use organic solvents, simple, cheap and effectively. The selection of coral as a base material because the material has a fairly high calcium content. Moreover, this element is a major component of bone and availability in Indonesia is abundant. By using 3D HEM (High Energy Milling) for 20 hours milling can be formed 64.93 nm coral powder. The treatment of calcination of CaCO3 at 900°C for 3 hours on this coral powder produced CaO. Dissolution of this material in aquades can be formed Ca (OH)2 and this study uses the concentration of the solution as research variables, namely (0.6, 0.85, 1.1, 1.35, 1.6) M. Hydroxyapatite can be formed by reacting calcium hydroxide solution Ca(OH)2 with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in a stirrer and then precipitated. Observation of the precipitate formed the occurrence of hydroxyapatite and β-TCP (β-Tricalcium Phosphate) phases. The calcium hydroxide concentration that produces the most optimal hydroxyapatite is at a concentration of 0.85 M resulting in a hydroxyapatite phase of 95.3% and a β-tricalcium phosphate phase Ca3(PO4)2 of 4.7%. The ratio Ca/P in this concentration is 1, 66, shows that almost same with an ideal hydroxyapatite 1, 67, and this hydroxyapatite is a good candidate for bone substitution.
Numerical Simulation of Spear Motion as Game Items
Authors: Muhima R R , Mardi S , Hariadi M , Puspitasari I
Published: January 2020

Game development in 3D is mostly done by characters, items and the environment. Game items such as character weapons modeled in 3D will be the attraction of a game. In this paper, spear motion as a game items is modeled in 3D. Nonlinear Equations Six Degrees of Freedom (6 DOF) are used for mathematical models of spear motion. The parameters studied in the motion model are: geometry, mass and aerodynamics. Spear aerodynamic parameters were analyzed using the Datcom method. Numerical simulation of mathematical models of spear motion with variations in the initial velocity of the throw and the direction of the throw. From the results of numerical simulation, the maximum range R = 131.7 m at the initial velocity V0
= 40 m/s, the direction of throw (angle θ0
= 35 deg, angle φ0
= 10 deg, ψ0
= 0 deg). And the maximum height Hmax
= 12.18 m is achieved at the initial velocity V0
= 20 m/s, direction of throw (angle θ0
= 35 deg, angle φ0
= 40 deg, angle ψ0
= 0 deg).
Pronounced and unavoidable impacts of low-end global warming on northern high-latitude land ecosystems
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Reyer Christopher P O , Gädeke Anne , Ciais Philippe , Chang Jinfeng , Chen Min , François Louis , Forrest Matthew , Hickler Thomas , Ostberg Sebastian , Shi Hao , Thiery Wim , Tian Hanqin
Published: January 2020

Arctic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of Arctic amplification. Here, we assessed the climatic impacts of low-end, 1.5 °C, and 2.0 °C global temperature increases above pre-industrial levels, on the warming of terrestrial ecosystems in northern high latitudes (NHL, above 60 °N including pan-Arctic tundra and boreal forests) under the framework of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b protocol. We analyzed the simulated changes of net primary productivity, vegetation biomass, and soil carbon stocks of eight ecosystem models that were forced by the projections of four global climate models and two atmospheric greenhouse gas pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0). Our results showed that considerable impacts on ecosystem carbon budgets, particularly primary productivity and vegetation biomass, are very likely to occur in the NHL areas. The models agreed on increases in primary productivity and biomass accumulation, despite considerable inter-model and inter-scenario differences in the magnitudes of the responses. The inter-model variability highlighted the inadequacies of the present models, which fail to consider important components such as permafrost and wildfire. The simulated impacts were attributable primarily to the rapid temperature increases in the NHL and the greater sensitivity of northern vegetation to warming, which contrasted with the less pronounced responses of soil carbon stocks. The simulated increases of vegetation biomass by 30–60 Pg C in this century have implications for climate policy such as the Paris Agreement. Comparison between the results at two warming levels showed the effectiveness of emission reductions in ameliorating the impacts and revealed unavoidable impacts for which adaptation options are urgently needed in the NHL ecosystems.
Anthropogenic land cover change impact on climate extremes during the 21st century
Authors: Sy Souleymane , Quesada Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Anthropogenic land cover change (LCC) can have significant impacts at regional and seasonal scales but also for extreme weather events to which socio-economical systems are vulnerable. However, the effects of LCC on extreme events remain either largely unexplored and/or without consensus following modelling over the historical period (often based on a single model), regional or idealized studies. Here, using simulations performed with five earth system models under common future global LCC scenarios (the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 Representative Concentration Pathways) and analyzing 20 extreme weather indices, we find future LCC substantially modulates projected weather extremes. On average by the end of the 21st century, under RCP8.5, future LCC robustly lessens global projections of high rainfall extremes by 22% for heavy precipitation days (>10 mm) and by 16% for total precipitation amount of wet days (PRCPTOT). Accounting for LCC diminishes their regional projections by >50% (70%) in southern Africa (northeastern Brazil) but intensifies projected dry days in eastern Africa by 29%. LCC does not substantially affect projections of global and regional temperature extremes (<5%), but it can impact global rainfall extremes 2.5 times more than global mean rainfall projections. Under an RCP2.6 scenario, global LCC impacts are similar but of lesser magnitude, while at regional scale in Amazon or Asia, LCC enhances drought projections. We stress here that multi-coupled modelling frameworks incorporating all aspects of land use are needed for reliable projections of extreme events.
Quiver asymptotics:

N=1

free chiral ring
Authors: Ramgoolam S , Wilson Mark C , Zahabi A
Published: January 2020

The large N generating functions for the counting of chiral operators in

, four-dimensional quiver gauge theories have previously been obtained in terms of the weighted adjacency matrix of the quiver diagram. We introduce the methods of multi-variate asymptotic analysis to study this counting in the limit of large charges. We describe a Hagedorn phase transition associated with the asymptotics, which refines and generalizes known results on the 2-matrix harmonic oscillator. Explicit results are obtained for two infinite classes of quiver theories, namely the generalized clover quivers and affine

orbifold quivers.
Study on BCP and BCM for Urban and Building Resilience to Withstand Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Hu Jichen , Tanaka Takehiro
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake prompted the country to accelerate the development of BCP/BCM-based communities aimed at establishing autonomous energy systems and implementing disaster management. This idea is also considered to be a comprehensive concept for addressing the effects of climate change. In this case, flexible urban planning proposals were made and targets, measures and assessment procedures were tried and established in various areas such as urban planning, energy, transportation, health and welfare. According to the results, the corresponding measures and the emergency early warning treatment plan after the disaster are proposed to achieve the purpose of risk assessment.
Experimental research of the temperature potential of ventilation emissions in apartment buildings
Authors: Gregory Vasilyev , Victor Gornov , Nikolay Timofeev , Alexander Dmitriev , Pavel Shapkin , Marina Kolesova
Published: January 2020

Authors of this article presents the results of experimental research of the temperature potential of ventilation emissions in apartment buildings in Moscow. Also this paper offers an analysis and synthesis of technological schemes and technical solutions for natural ventilation systems used in apartment buildings. The systems of natural ventilation of lower-cost multi-storey buildings have been analyzed. The influence of various factors on the parameters of operating modes of natural ventilation systems have been also analyzed. As a result of the analyses it has been found, that the operated apartment buildings largely do not ensure air exchange required according to sanitary regulations, which results in adverse effects for the health, efficiency and life expectancy of population.
Application of turbine generator in pipeline for transporting natural gas
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Jiyu
Published: January 2020

Turbine generator is a kind of small power generation equipment widely used in drilling, military and other fields, but there is no practical application in pipeline for transporting natural gas at present. In this paper, the working principle and technical characteristics of turbine generator are expounded, indicating that the way of using the kinetic energy of natural gas transported in the pipeline to convert to mechanical energy to generate electricity has a good prospect in engineering application. Based on design theory of turbine blade and VB language programming, 3d blade model is established. CFD software is used to simulate the flow field of the blade, and the distribution of velocity and pressure in the single periodic flow path of stator and rotor is obtained, providing feasible technical means for testing turbine hydraulic performance in practical engineering.
Relationship between Time Lapse Microgravity Anomaly with Na and Cl Content for prediction of Sea Water Intrusion in Tourism Area Kota Lama Semarang Indonesia
Authors: Supriyadi  , Khumaedi S. , Sugiyanto
Published: January 2020

This research is motivated by changes in infrastructure that occur in the old city, the changes in question are the frequent occurrence of flooding in this region. The flooding that occurred was estimated to be caused by subsidence. In addition, subsidence that has other effects, for example seawater intrusion in the Old City, which is located close to the north coast of Java, is also relatively close to about 3 km. The purpose of this study was to find a relationship between seawater intrusion and micro-gravity anomalies between times. The methods carried out are as follows: (1) choose Gravimeter with micro precision. For this study using the Autograv CG5 type, (2) determining the location of the measurement point, which is not expected to experience physical damage due to natural or human behavior for a certain interval, (3) measuring gravity for two different periods in September 2017 and March 2018 at the same point, (4) processing data with initial corrections, namely tidal correction to reduce tidal effects, float correction, and correction of the dynamics of groundwater levels associated with rainfall, and (5) conduct chemical tests of water samples taken from residents’ wells at the Research site. The results showed that the negative time-weight gravity anomaly correlated with an average groundwater level decrease of 15,468 cm. This is in accordance with the fact that during this range rainfall trends tend to decline from September 2017 to March 2018. This decrease in ground water causes maximum subsidence and occurs in the south-southwest 2.3 cm. This zone experiences sea water intrusion which is characterized by the content of Na (60-100%) and Cl (100-160%).
Behaviour of 3D printed PLA and PLA-PHA in marine environments
Authors: Montalvão G R , Moshrefi-Torbati M , Hamilton A , Machado R , João A
Published: January 2020

The accumulation of marine debris in the oceans has been escalating. There is an urgent need to develop new technologies that efficiently record and transmit ocean data without contributing to ocean pollution. In this study, the behaviour of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polylactic Acid-Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA-PHA) in marine environments was analysed in order to assess biodegradability in marine applications. 3D Printed samples were submerged completely in seawater and cyclically in a salt spray chamber. Their change in mechanical properties was evaluated by conducting uniaxial tension tests after submersion periods of up to 45 days and failure regions were observed in microscope. Contrarily to PLA’s behaviour, PLA-PHA’s samples suffered embrittlement and registered losses in elongation at break of around 10-18%. The alignment of salt crystals and other impurities in the failure regions suggests that embrittlement could be related with environmental stress cracking resulting from the penetration of those impurities into the polymer. Such inclusions originate residual stresses which lead to a faster and more brittle failure. Embrittlement could also be related to an increase in crystallinity caused by chain scission of amorphous regions by means of chemical degradation. Further evaluation of changes in molecular weight should be conducted to confirm the latter.
Retraction: The Influence of Safety Practices on
Construction Labour Productivity (IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci.
Eng.
620 012075)
Authors: Setiani Yulia , Majid Muhd Zaimi Abd
Published: January 2020

This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 27 January 2020, as it had already
been previously published elsewhere.

Retraction published: 27 January 2020
Making mix fruit and vegetable drink instant powder that is rich in iron as prevention of dismenore with composition variations and drying temperatures
Authors: Nashrullah N M , Isdes I M , Rahmadani F , Minah F N
Published: January 2020

Making a drink mix fruit and vegetable from the red spinach, red bean, guava and beet fruit can be a way to enhance iron content of their products, and will raise the value of favorite of the society towards it. This study aims to determine the right formula of the variation of composition fruit and vegetable and temperature levels drying against iron and find out acceptance to the society in powder fruit and vegetable drink mix. Methods used to making a drink mix fruit that is a Foam Mat Drying method. Based on an analysis of the iron, the best conditions exist to variation composition 40% of guava at temperature drying 60°C. The temperature drying affecting the iron and vitamin C in mixed fruit and vegetable. Based on the hedonic organoleptic test, mix fruit and vegetable can be well accpted by the society for its color from variations composition 40% of red bean (60°C), the aroma of 40% of guava (60°C), and the taste of 40% beet fruit (50°C). So it can be concluded that variations composition fruit that is produced with composition of the 40% of guava.
Heterogeneous biocatalyst: Polyurethane foam coating technique with co-immobilized lipase for bio-flavor production
Authors: Moentamaria D , Dewajani H , Chumaidi A , Nurmahdi H , Sinduwati C
Published: January 2020

Bio-flavor is produced from the esterification reaction including free fatty acids and citronellol. Free fatty acids (lauric C12) can be obtained from the hydrolysis of coconut oil substrate. Both of these reactions use heterogeneous polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix catalysts which immobilize the lipase enzyme. PUF is used as an immobilized matrix, because it has characteristics as open cell, rigid, high porosity, consists of of the ether-, carbamate-, amide-groups, so it has the ability to absorb water-oil. PUF has been modified its surface structure by co-immobilized lipase coating technique to make it more hydrophobic/oleofilic. Co immobilized consists of a mixture of gelatine, lechitin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), MgCl2. The aim of this research is to compare the immobilization technique of lipase Mucor miehei using different carriers, that are zeolite, alginate and polyurethane foam (PUF) to produce bio-flavor at mild condition. Each of that was through the mechanism of adsorption, entrapment and covalent binding process. The research was done in specific condition and all of the carriers has gone through the esterification process using different mole ratio of FFA and citronellol. Optimum result of bio-flavor conversion was obtained at the temperature of 40°C, highest thermal stability of 90% and the ability for reusage 4 times on PUF carrier. This results have proven to be cheaper on cost and environmentally friendly.
Optimization of biodiesel production from Chlorella sp through in-situ microwave-assisted acid-catalyzed trans-esterification
Authors: Bhuana D S , Qadariyah L , Panjaitan R , Mahfud M
Published: January 2020

Microalgae is one of the potential raw materials in producing the third generation biodiesel thanks to its high lipid contents and the fact that it requires relatively small space for cultivation. Microalgae in the form of Chlorella sp. was used as a raw material in this study due to its high oil content, i.e. up to 30% of the dry algae weight. The use of microwave irradiation in this process would accelerate the in-situ trans-esterification reaction by extracting microalgae lipids and simultaneously converting them into Methyl-Esters. This study aims to investigate the methyl ester production through the in-situ trans-esterification process by studying the effect of acid catalyst concentration (0.2 – 0.5 mol/L), microwave power (300 – 600 W) and reaction time (30 – 90 minutes). The experiment was carried out in a 500 ml flat bottom flask made of pyrex, under the influence of microwave irradiation in which homogeneous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was introduced as a catalyst. The experiment was carried out in atmospheric pressure with the following operating variables: catalyst concentration, microwave power and reaction time, respectively. Prior to running the experiment, the response surface methodology using Box Behnken Design (3 factors and 2 levels) was conducted beforehand in order to minimize the number of runs. It is suggested from the analysis that the optimum conditions for the in-situ microwave-assisted trans-esterification of Chlorella sp. with sulfuric acid catalyst are as follows: microwave power (370 W), concentration of catalyst (0.2 mol/L), and trans-esterification time (82.7 min) with yield of 63.36 %. The predicted yield values generated from the response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design exhibit a high degree of confirmation with the actual yield from the experiment, suggesting that the optimization methodology carried out has made the experiment more effective and efficient by focusing only on certain specific parameters in order to get the best results, in terms of both quality and quantity.
The effect of concentration and acid types on the acidification process for improving the glycerol concentration and its application as a bio additive
Authors: Dewajani H , Hakim A R , Iswara M A I , Susanti T , Pratiwi D
Published: January 2020

The rise of biodiesel production resulted in an increase in the formation of glycerol as a by-product. It takes some effort to purified the crude glycerol and convert it into more valuable product. One of these is by converting glycerol into triacetin which can be used as a bio additive in fuel through the acetylation process. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and type of acid used in the glycerol purification. The purification were done by acidification, adsorption, filtration, distillation and evaporation. The acidification processes used H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl with percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%. The purified glycerol was analyzed to determine glycerol content, water content, density and viscosity and converted through acetylation reaction using Ni/Zeolite as a catalyst. The reaction products were analyzed by NaOH titration to determine the unreacted acetic acid which is converted into conversion of reaction. It can be concluded that the highest glycerol concentration was achieved in the addition 5% of H3PO4 with glycerol content of 79.59% and glycerol conversion in acetylation reaction of 82.39%. And its application as a bio additive can increase the Octane Number of commercial gasoline by 6.5%.
Characteristics of AC-WC asphalt mixtures with volcanic ash deposits as cement substitutes in filler
Authors: Sufanir A M S , Astor Y , Aulia R
Published: January 2020

filler is one of the ingredients functioning as a filler of ribs from a paved mixture. In a flexible pavement structure, the surface layer is the most upper part of the pavement which acts to hold the wheel load and also as a dense layer of water to protect the required road body, with a minimum thickness of 4 cm. This research was conducted by experimental method aiming to know the highest stability value using volcanic ash deposits as a substitute for cement in the filler. The deposits of volcanic ash used are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the filler weight. The specimen material consists of several types, namely Marshall, PRD, IP, and GMM specimens. Concrete asphalt mixture is designed on the basis of the Marshall method. The results show that the volcanic deposit content is 0% with a stability value of 1133 kg, 15% with 1151 kg stability value, 30% with 1076 kg stability value, 50% with 1056 kg stability value, 70% with 1048 kg stability value, 85% with 1047 kg stability value and 100% with 1121 kg stability value. From these variations, the highest stability value is found in 15% volcanic ash deposition with 1151kg.
Effect of palm shell ash and phosphoric acid chemical solution on subgrade material towards CBR value
Authors: Farhandasi R , Syahril S
Published: January 2020

Soil stabilization is a process of mixing soil with particular materials to restore engineering properties of soil which is an attempt to change or fix the engineering properties of soil in fulfilling particular technical requirement. The examination result of soil as a subgrade coating conducted in this study is classified as expansive soil. Unfixed subgrade condition may cause various damages on road pavement. Thus, in this study, subgrade repairment was administered by utilizing stabilization method of a mixture palm shell ash (PSA) and phosphoric acid chemical solution. The experiment aims to decrease dependency of cement as stabilization material in regular usage, in order to save cost in economic aspect of infrastructure. This study intends to analyze the effect of palm shell ash and phosphoric acid addition towards CBR value as subgrade construction layer of road pavement. The study outcomes shows several conclusions: (1) the decreasing value of optimal water content, plastic index, and swelling; (2) the increasing value of unsoaked CBR, soaked CBR, and isolated CBR. (3) the stabilization material mixture has been achieved, therefore it can be used as subgrade repairmen on expansive soils for minimum standard of subgrade coating for road pavement.
Experimental characteristic of PET plastic bottle waste addition on asphalt concrete wearing course compound
Authors: Fikri H , Subagja A , Manurung A S D
Published: January 2020

Optimization of bottle plastic waste with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) type as additional material for asphalt can be performed by running a test on modified plastic bottle waste for further usage as the asphalt compound. Besides, Indonesia is placed second in the world rank for producing plastic waste into the sea so that waste domestication becomes a necessity to reduce the increasing amount of waste. Moreover, inserting plastic bottle waste is to get the durability of pavement structure in case of deformation tolerance in the traffic load. The study is oriented to the plastic bottle waste called Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). The study utilizes the wet process method as asphalt additional material. The present study is executed on the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course compound by using 60/70 asphalt pen which is modified with PET plastic bottle waste by 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% levels. The study aims to investigate the Marshall parameter of asphalt concrete characteristics with various asphalt PET modifications. The result of the Marshall parameter shows that asphalt optimum level (AOL) for asphalt 0 % is about 5.9, PET asphalt of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% is about 5.95. Based on the analysis, the optimum level of asphalt concrete compounded with 9% PET has improved stability value of 33% between the usage of optimum modified asphalt and asphalt pen by 60/70.
Experimental test of concrete plate deflection on soft soil improved by prefabricated vertical drain
Authors: Zhafirah A , Syahril S , Somantri A K
Published: January 2020

The low permeability of soft soils results in slow water flows from the consolidation and the low bearing capacity. The soil improvement that can be used is Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD). The use of PVD significantly reduces the length of the soil pore drainage pathway, so that it can increase the bearing capacity of the soil due to the compaction process from the release of pore water from the soil. Experimental testing in the laboratory was carried out using a steel box measuring 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 1000 mm. There are three samples, soil without PVD and soil with PVD triangular patterns of distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. Preloading is carried out before loading on the concrete plate. Concrete plates measuring 700 mm × 100 mm × 30 mm and load media are proving rings with a capacity of 10 kN. The load placed in the center, the end, and the edge of the plate. The loading test results on a concrete plate on soil with PVD can reduce deflection that occurs compared to soil without PVD. Deflection reduction is more effective for PVD with a distance of 100 mm.
Green space open analysis (RTH) in State Polytechnic of Malang
Authors: Ratnaningsih D , Burhamtoro B , Sasongko R
Published: January 2020

The increasing number of students, lecturers and staff brings consequences for Politeknik Negeri Malang to improve the facilities and infrastructure. The consequences of the development will impact on the reduction in green open space. The use of green space must be adjusted as a means of supporting education. Based on the identification of several locations that have the potential to be optimized for use through the additional function of green space as public spaces and open study spaces.
Performance mix asphalt concrete wearing course with addition of plastic bottles of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Manurung A S D , Sulaiman S
Published: January 2020

The performance of the modified asphalt concrete pavement structure is done because of the increasing traffic load that occurs along with population growth. The study is needed to review the pavement structure whether it is still able to withstand the load or not at all. An Evaluation was carried out using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) field data to obtain deflection data. Laboratory testing of UMATTA used modified asphalt mixture using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) type plastic bottle waste to obtain the relative strength coefficient value as an application combined with secondary data from average daily traffic data on the roads of the Batas Medan City– Batas Lubuk Pakam City. Structural analysis shows that the entire segment requires an added layer with the thickness that is different due to the segmentation performed. In this study to maintain the required service level, namely SCI>1, the pavement must receive periodic maintenance and routine maintenance. elated to using asphalt modification using PET will produce a lower pavement thickness of 11 cm compared to the pavement thickness by the 2017 Pavement Design Manual standard of 16 cm.
Performance of petung bamboo strip with anchor screw nails on the reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Maulidin A , Mujiman M , Kasyanto H
Published: January 2020

Steel is the main material used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. Naturally, the number of steels used rapidly increase every year. The increase has an effect on the availability of steel’s main raw materials which is iron ore, a non-renewable natural resource. Therefore, an alternative steel replacement material is needed. Bamboo is chosen as an alternative substitute for reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete structures. In this study, petung bamboo caps anchored using screw nails was used as flexible reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams. This study aimed to analyze the behavior of load and deflection relationships in the flexural capacity of bamboo reinforced concrete beams against steel reinforced concrete beams. There were 6 beams used as specimens, consisting of 2 bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1cm long screws, 2 bamboo reinforcing beams with 2 cm long screw nails, and 2 beams with 12 mm diameter steel reinforcement as a control beam. The results showed the flexural strength of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1 and cm hook length was 44.32 kN and 46.98 kN or 48.64% and 51.56 compared to steel reinforced concrete beams with flexural strength values of 91.10 kN.
Rowe cell testing to determine peat soil consolidation parameters
Authors: Yuswandono M , Suyono A , Rabiya R
Published: January 2020

Peat soils are characterized by their strong low shear, high water content, large traction, and low carrying capacity. Many constructions that are built on peat soil experienced a ground settlement problem over a long period of time. To better understand this phenomenon, a consolidation testing will be made using rowe cell testing system. The advantages of this rowe cell are its ability to measure the saturation value of the sample soil tested and the water pressure of pores at the beginning and end of each phase of consolidation. The peat soil used in this research was taken from Rawa Pening, Semarang because of the construction of many buildings built in the area. From the results of the research obtained the value of soil ability (Cc) and the coefficient of speed consolidation (Cv). For the Cc value of peat soil is an average of 0.50 and Cv value of 167.99 cm2 per minute. As for the average cavity of soil pore (e) amounted to 14.81. The value of 14,81 is know the size of the soil cavity and density. This is all to know the parameters and factors that occur at the time of consolidation.
Structural behavior of lightweight interlocking brick system
Authors: Rasidi N , Rochman T , Sumardi S , Purnomo F
Published: January 2020

Lightweight interlocking brick is one alternative to replace conventional clay brick through combustion. This study is related to the design of the proportion of interlocking light brick mixtures as well as concrete sand and foam agent in various percentages and found the optimal percentage of foam agent by testing cylindrical specimens casted for 28 days compressive strength and finally testing each others lightweight brick shear strength lock in full scale model. The final report provided the results of investigative experiments in which compressive strength, water absorption and density were investigated using the optimal percentage of the proportion of foam agent, sand, cement, and aggregate mixture. In conclusion, The results obtained from this experiment are the compressive strength lightweight interlocking brick with the addition of 0% fiberglass of 2.27 MPa,1% fiberglass addition of 2.88 MPa, 3% fiberglass addition of 2.91 MPa, the addition of fiberglass 6% of 2.88 MPa, addition of 9% fiberglass of 2.94 MPa and flexural lateral compressive strength test at a maximum load of 11,084 kg/cm2 with a deflection of 6,405 mm. Horizontal shear test results are 1,218 kg/cm2 and for diagonal shear testing is 0.398 kg/cm2. The total production cost of interlocking light bricks is IDR 786,000 per cubic meter more expensive than normal light bricks.
Substructure reinforcement study of Cisomang bridge at Purwakarta-Bandung-Cileunyi toll road, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hendry H , Somantri A K , Febriansya A , Nurhadi M D
Published: January 2020

At the end of 2016, significant displacement occurred at P2 pier of Cisomang Bridge at Purwakarta-Bandung-Cileunyi toll road KM 100+700, West Java. The shift of pier is caused by the movement of soil under the substructure that has been indicated since 2012. P2 pier is constructed over clay shale. Clay shale has characteristics when in dry condition, the soil has high shear strength, but when the soil absorbs water or expose in open air, the soil loses its strength. P2 pier displacement results in extreme structural damage, so immediate handling is needed to stop the shifting of the pier. Analysis and reinforcement study are carried out using finite element method. Based on analysis, it is discovered that the existing slope stability safety factor of P2 pier is 1.09, indicating that the soil movement can occur if the clay shale is disrupted. Reinforcement is designed to mitigate the shift of the P2 pier by adding 38 pile foundations to the existing foundation configuration. Each pile has diameter of 1.2 meter with a depth of ±30 meter across the existing slip circle. Reinforcement increases the slope stability safety factor to 1.25, indicating that the P2 pier after reinforcing is in safe condition.