bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Streptozotocin on Liver Histology Damage in Rats Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahata Liganda Endo , Ali Hirowati , Murni Arina Widya
Published: September 2021

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that causes hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and failure of organs especially the liver. There is great interest in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of GDM. Due to ethical issues involving human studies, it is necessary to use animal models to understand pathophysiology and potential treatment for GDM. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in pregnant rats was commonly used by several author.
Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of streptozotocin (STZ) on liver histology in pregnant rats.
Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into two groups; 1) Negative control, 2) Positive control. Positive control were pregnant rats induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 40 mg/Kg b.w. Fourteen days after induction, rats were sacrificed to evaluate the histopathological effect of STZ on the liver using hematoxylin Eosin staining and calculate the presentation of degraded cell and sinusoidal area with ImageJ 1.49v software, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Data were processed statistically using SPSS with T-Test.
Results: Microscopic examination of the liver of STZ-induced rats showed histologic changes in the form of an increase in the number of degenerated cells and a significant expansion of the sinusoidal area (p < 0.000). The percentage of degenerated cells in the healthy group was 9.3%, increased to 70% in the STZ-induced group. In addition, the percentage of the sinusoidal area, which was 19.98% in the healthy group, increased to 49.5%.
Conclusions: Streptozotocin induces liver damage in the pregnant rats model.

Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Streptozotocin, Liver, Histology
Élargir la protection des droits de la personnalité du défunt?
Authors: Marie-Laure Papaux van Delden Margareta Baddeley et
Published: September 2021

La demande de la journaliste et auteure Binswanger d’accéder aux actes concernant Günther Tschanun, qui avait purgé sa peine de prison pour meurtre et adopté un nouveau nom après sa libération, a été rejetée par les autorités zurichoises principalement sur la base de l’intérêt du concerné à préserver le secret sur sa vie privée. Le Tribunal cantonal de Zurich renvoie l’affaire à l’autorité d’exécution des peines pour une pesée des intérêts, car la demande concerne une personne décédée. Les intérêts des proches, ainsi que celui du public à la transparence et au contrôle de l’action des organes publics auraient dû être pris en considération. Le tribunal discute également, mais ne l’admet finalement pas dans ce cas, une protection élargie des droits de la personnalité du défunt.
INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR PH.D. LAVINEL G. IONESCU
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: September 2021

Lavinel G. Ionescu is one of the best chemistry professors in the Federative Republic of Brazil. After participating in the organization and foundation of Faculties of Chemistry in Brazil and representing Brazil twice at IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), he currently teaches classes at PUCRS, ULBRA and, when invited, at other universities throughout Brazil .
INTERVEIW WITH PROFESSOR PH.D. SEBASTIÃO J. FORMOSINHO
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: September 2021

What is Photodynamic therapy (PDT)? PDT is the use of light to detect and cure tumors. In photodynamic therapy, the patient is injected with a photosensitizer with selectivity by the tissues of the tumor cells, followed by the irradiation of the tumor. The photosensitizer absorbs light and transfers its energy to molecular oxygen, generating singlet oxygen that attacks tissues.
Interview with Professor Gustavo Paia
Authors: Piaia Gustavo
Published: September 2021

Professor Gustavo Piaia, a great educator who associates cutting-edge technology with education in southern Brazil. He gave an interview to Tchê Química Group, covering subjects such as education, public and private schools, the future of education and pre-university courses.
AUTOMOTIVE CATALYST: A GREAT ALLY IN REDUCING POLLUTING GASES
Authors: GOLDANI Eduardo
Published: September 2021

From the 50's, after World War II, Brazil participated in a great industrialization process, especially automobile industries that, attracted by the abundant and cheap labor, as well as a promising market inexplicable, they installed themselves in great quantity in the country, mainly in the southeast region.
APPLE JELLY PREPARATION: VARIABLES AND THE QUALITY OF THE FINAL PRODUCT
Authors: RÜBENSAM Gabriel , BARBOSA Adriana , BATISTA Cibele , VEIGA Daniela , BRAMBILLA Rodrigo , ANDRETTA Cleydi V. , ROSA Tiziano Dalla
Published: September 2021

In this study, variables of the apple jelly preparation process were analyzed, such as pH, amount of pectin, palatability, consistency and the variation of the phenolic content between fresh apple juice and its jelly. After processing the fruits, equal volumes of juice were separated into four different containers (PA, A, P and Puro). In the first (PA), commercial sucrose, citric acid and neutralized pectin were added, in the second (A) commercial sucrose and citric acid, in the third (P) commercial sucrose and neutralized pectin and, in the fourth (Pure), only commercial sucrose. As for the phenolic content (in gallic acid equivalents), 264 g/mL was identified in R1, 244.8 g/mL in R2, 120 g/mL in R3 and 236.5 g/mL in R4 after cooking for 20 minutes at 95 °C and, for fresh juice, 283.2 g/mL. After cooking and cooling the jams, there was an increasing consistency in the PA> P = pure> A form and better palatability in the pure> PA> P >> A.
THE ORIGEN OF THE MASS
Authors: WILCZEK Frank
Published: September 2021

Working today on the frontier of modern physics often involves extreme concepts and conditions. We speak of quantum fields, entanglement, or supersymmetry, we analyze the ridiculously small, or we conceptualize the incomprehensibly large. Just like Willie Sutton popularly explained that, he robbed banks because "that's where the money is", we do these things because "that's where the Stranger is". However, it is indeed incredible and charming that, occasionally, this sophisticated work answers naive questions about familiar things. Here, I would like to describe how my own work on subnuclear forces, the world of quarks and gluons, sheds new and brilliant light on this almost naive question: What is the origin of the mass?
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND THERMAL, VIBRATIONAL STUDIES AND CONDUCTORS OF PRASEODYME AND NEODYME CHLORIDES WITH 1.10 - PHENANTROLINE
Authors: LIRA Débora de Carvalho , LIMA Francisco José Santos , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

In the last years lanthanides compounds with organic ligands have been studied extensively due to its wide applicability in several areas of science and technology. Some of these applications can be resumed: oil cracking and antipollution catalysts, fluorescent substances to produce primary colors in video monitors, lasers to micro solders and surgery, refractory ceramic, specials glasses, optical fiber. In this article, lanthanides chlorides with 1,10-phenantroline complexes were synthesized and characterized and the ions behavior correlated to environment chemistry was studied. The physical-chemical analysis permits the stoichiometry definition, the geometrical proposal and the evaluation of the final complexes thermic stability.
EVALUATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF NON-METALLOCENIC CATALYTIC SYSTEMS IN THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE.
Authors: BASSO Nara R. S. , SAUER Cíntia , FIM Fabiana , STELLO Alexander
Published: September 2021

Non-metalocene catalyst complexe, M(LL)Cl2, with M=Zr and L= 3-hidroxy-2-methyl-4- pirone has been prepared. The Complexe was found be active for homogeneous ethylene polymerization under different experimental conditions (solvent, temperature, cocatalyst and Al/M) and it was also showed to be active when supported on different inorganic carriers, SiO2, MgCl2 and MgO.
SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PERMANGANATE MnO ION 4 - IN AN Aqueous, Methanolic Solution
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , LIRA Débora de Carvalho , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da , SILVA Afrânio Gabriel da , BRAGA Cláudio César de Medeiros
Published: September 2021

Recently some compounds have been used as electronic devices of high technology. As an example, K2Cr2O7 has been used in the formation of holographic images and KMnO4 in the production of long-life recharged batteries. In this work we studied the spectrochemical properties of the KMnO4- ion in solution, we characterized the nature of its transitions, correlated it with the diagram of molecular orbitals for the species in a tetrahedric symmetry, evaluated the oscillator strength and the electronic polarizabilities, through the registration of its electronic spectra in aqueous and methanolic solution.
BIODIESEL - GENERAL ASPECTS
Authors: BOCCARDO Renata C.
Published: September 2021

Faced with the need to use alternative fuel sources, due to the growing scarcity of oil, biodiesel comes to contribute with its excellent qualities in view of being a biodegradable, renewable product that obeys the carbon cycle. Biodiesel has physicochemical properties very similar to diesel oil and, therefore, does not need a new engine for its operation. Biodiesel, when added to diesel oil, improves its lubricity, dispensing with more polluting additives. Because it contains oxygen in its chemical chain, it has better burning with a consequent decrease in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
INTERVEIW WITH PROFESSOR BENOIT B. MANDELBROT
Authors: MANDELBROT Benoit B. , DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: September 2021

In what area, specifically, were your post graduation studies concentrated? Why did you choose this area? The topic of my Ph.D. thesis was conceived and written completely on my own, I chose a very unusual combination of linguistics, statistics (power-law distributions) and statistical physics. This was viewed as strange but I thought was far more interesting than the conventional topics that my teachers mentioned as possibilities. The thesis was very badly written, but much of its content has survived and is now viewed as "classical".
THEATORO AUGUSTO RAMOS'S ATOMIC MODEL
Authors: IONESCU Lavinel G. , DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: September 2021

Theodoro Augusto Ramos (1895-1936) was one of the most notable and productive Brazilian mathematicians of his time. He graduated in civil engineering from the School of Engineering of the Rio the Janeiro, one of the traditional engineering schools of Latin America. It was founded in 1792 as a military school, soon after the arrival in Brazil of the Portuguese Court. He obtained the Doctoral Degree in Physical and Mathematical Sciences and his thesis was entitled “Sobre funções de variáveis reais” (On Functions of Real variables). Theodoro Ramos assisted the Organizing Committee that established the University of São Paulo – USP. This Committee was nominated by the governor of São Paulo Armando Oliveira Salles (1887-1945). Theodoro A. Ramos was the firs Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of the University of São Paulo (USP), an institution conceived to be a great center of basic scientific research and education. This faculty served as the foundation upon which all the science institutes of USP today were built. The purpose of the present study is to analyze and discuss the article “The Theory of Relativity and the Spectral Lines of Hydrogen” published in the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences in 1929. This article treats the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom using the principles of the general theory of relativity and represents an improvement in the interpretation of the fine spectra.
REACTION SPEEDS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Authors: FORMOSINHO Sebastião J. , ARNAUT Luís G.
Published: September 2021

The Arrhenius equation expresses the dependence of the kinetic constant (k) of a reaction as a function of temperature (T).
INVISIBLE INKS
Authors: FERRARO Concetta S. , MÔNEGO Josiane Garcia , RUBBO Ligia Coelho
Published: September 2021

This material was organized by the Chemistry professors and students of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul to be used in public and private school classrooms. It is part of a set of instructional kits which are being developed at the Chemistry Special Laboratory of the Technology and Science Museum, PUCRS.
ON THE TIME REVERSION IN FEYNMAN’S QED
Authors: GUGLINSKI Wladimir
Published: September 2021

Feynman’s Quantum Electrodynamics was developed by considering the reversion in time, which means that there is a violation in the causality: something in the future yields a happening in the past. Here we show that the paradox exists when one tries to understand the electron’s motion through a classical trajectory. However, by considering that the electron actually moves through a helical trajectory, the success of Feynman’s theory can be explained without considering the reversion in time.
1.10 – PHENANTHROLINE COMPLEXES OF THE RARE EARTH NITRATE: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION.
Authors: Barbosa A. F. F. , Cunha J. D. , Silva A. G. , Lima F. J. S. , Batista M. K. S. , Silva A. O.
Published: September 2021

The interaction of lanthanide nitrates (Ln–Nd, Sm, Dy and Er) and 1.10–phenantroline were studied and complexes of the general formulae Ln(NO3)3(C12H8N2)2 or Ln(NO3)3(o-fen)2. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses (CHN), titration with EDTA, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray powder patterns further indicated that the complexes are isomorphous having the same d -interplanar spacing.
ISSUES FOR SUSTAINED PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL IN BRAZIL
Authors: De BONI Luis A. B.
Published: September 2021

Brazil will be the largest BioDiesel producer in the world if it was capable to repair the weak links on the BioDiesel chain. It is important to implement long time politics of incentive to the research of catalysers, reforestation, and methanol production. Brazil cannot run the risk to substitute the importation of diesel by methanol.
STUDY OF REMOVAL OF METAL IONS IN WATER USING ZEOLITES SYNTHESIZED WITH CHARCOAL ASHES
Authors: FUNGARO Denise Alves , IZIDORO Juliana de Carvalho
Published: September 2021

The capacity of synthesized zeolites from Brazilian coal ash for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. Equilibrium data obtained have been found to fit both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The zeolitic material prepared with coal ash from baghouse filter showed the highest removal efficiencies. The metal ion selectivity of this product was determined as: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. The maximum cation exchange capacities were between 32.9 and 246.9 mg g-1. Tests showed that the zeolitic material was suitable for removal of zinc from electroplating effluent.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC POLARIZABILITIES IN ELECTRONIC TRANSITIONS OF COMPOUNDS d and f.
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , SILVA Afranio Gabriel da , LIMA Ana Jeane Patriota , BRAGA Cláudio César de Medeiros , SILVA Lindomar Brito da
Published: September 2021

The distortion electronic effects caused by the interaction of radiant energy with matter in different compound systems of transition d and f, were analyzed through static and dynamic electronic polarizabilities. This electronic property of the molecules can be obtained by absorption of lines and of its respective transition energies. Its result depends upon factors like frequency of incident radiation and strength of oscillator. In this work, absorption electronic spectra of the compounds trans-[Co(en) 2Cl2]+, cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+, [Cu(H2O)6]2+, [Cu(en)3]2+, [Ni(H2O)6]2+ and [Ni(en)3]2+ were registred in water solution and its electronic polarizabilities were compared with compounds of the kind [M(H2O)xCl2]Cl.(n-x)H2O (M=Nd, Eu and Er, n=7 e x£7) also in water solution.
GLYCERCHEMISTRY: A RENEWABLE PETROCHEMISTRY
Authors: MOTA Claudio J. A.
Published: September 2021

Glycerin from biodiesel production processes can become an important raw material for the chemical industry, occupying a considerable portion of petrochemical naphtha in the production of plastics and other chemicals. This article will show some possibilities for glycerochemistry.
THE PRODUCTION ENGINEER'S PERFORMANCE IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: NOEL Fabiana Jung
Published: September 2021

This work will turn on the current requirement of if incorporating in the industrial sector a multifaceted and apt professional in the taking of decisions that can cause increase of the productivity, minimization of residues, adoption of proper technologies and thus handle each time more the Brazilian chemical sector, more properly the south petrochemical sector.
INVISIBLE ENEMY: HEAVY METALS AND HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: DE PAULA Márcio
Published: September 2021

The continuous urbanization and industrialization, the bad exploration of ores, the increase of the fleets of self-driven vehicles, the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the emission of industrial rejects thrown in the rivers by the man in an inadequate way has been causing the contamination of the soil, air and water for heavy metals. These have been turning great threat for the human health, because when absorbed by the human being these elements of high molecular weight are deposited in the bone tissue, fat and somehow they move noble minerals of the bones for the circulation, provoking diseases. In this work are related the main effects caused to the man's health for the lead accumulation, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and chromium.
TEACHING CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION
Authors: ESTEVES Paulo Cesar Dantas , ESTEVES Anete Corrêa
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces some ideas about the indissolubility between chemistry teaching and environmental preservation. It presents some ideas to be discussed on how to reformulate the high school chemistry curriculum in order to associate it with the environmental issue.
EVALUATION OF TOXICITY FOR PURPOSE OF POLLUTION CONTROL IN ANATOMICAL BATHS
Authors: ZANELLA Geovani , GARCIA Aurélio , FARIA Noemia
Published: September 2021

Only the results of the physics-chemical analysis isolated do not show the environmental impact caused by the pollutants demonstrated through the effects on the ecosystem. Through the tests of toxcity the potential toxical of the chemical substances are put against the system of self protection of test-organisms, that react to the global effect of the substances present in the environment, indicating the effects of these, releasing information about the quality of the environment and about the existing impact. The control of the bathes in anatomic tanks as a whole can be made through the tests of toxicity, in which the aquatic organisms are exposed to various concentrations of this effluent. The application of the tests of toxicity in the environmental analysis is enough comprising and its importance increases with the accomplishment of the monitorings. About 4,5 m³ per year of effluents containing formaldehyde need the evaluation before the final discard. The exposure to the formaldehyde of the students and workers is conditioned to the level of concentration which is nowadays 10%. It has caused health problems and is under suspect of being carcinogenic. The formaldehyde also has effects in the environment, its flowing through the sewer system can cause fire, besides it is corrosive. The knowledge of the toxicity of the effluent was obtained, through the methods standarized as the test with Dapnia similis (aquatic organism) and Vibrio fischeri (bacterium) because of the quickness of the results. To avoid the toxical effect it is necessary a factor of dilution of the bathes between 1000 to 6400, for aquatic organism and bacterium respectively.
MOLECULAR REACTIVITY PARAMETERS
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , MELO Roseane Maria de , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da , BRAGA Cláudio César de Medeiros
Published: September 2021

The distribution of charge partial depends critically of the geometry and of the environment chemical. The parameters of reactivity molecular evaluate the contribution relative of the charge of either atom in the molecule in relation the all too much elements present. The association of these parameters with the geometry of the molecules becomes useful in the evaluation of the reactivities of the substances and in the interpretation of yours respective properties physical-chemistries. In this present work, were developed arguments theoretical for the parameters of reactivity molecular (PRM), that were compared with properties physical-chemistries acquaintances of the solvents selected: water, ethanol, acetone, nitromethane and some solutions of these, because are strategic in the synthesis of compounds inorganic. Through of the program WebLab ViewerPro, were accomplished the modelling molecular, the determination of the angles, of the distance of bond and the calculation of charge partial. The values of the parameters generated by the evaluations of the charges partials, together with the geometry molecular, they provided the analisys qualitative of the possible places more reactive in the surface of the structures of the systems chemical that favour areas of potential interaction the level molecular.
OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROCESS THROUGH KINETIC PARAMETER MONITORING
Authors: NOEL Fabiana Jung , KIZNER Márcio Ricardo A. , JÚNIOR Waldemir Santiago
Published: September 2021

The research "Enzyme Production from the Milk whey", was developed in the Biotechnological Chemistry laboratory of the Course of Engineering of Production of the Faculdades de Taquara - FACCAT, through accord with the SCT - Secretariat of Science and Technology of the State of the Rio Grande do Sul. In this work, describes one of the objectives of the research that was the optimization of the process for the adaptation of software of control of the fermentador, connected to chromatograph the gas for analysis of ethanol, a by-product of the attainment of the enzyme.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM BIODIESEL PURIFICATION
Authors: DE BONI L.A.B. , GOLDANI E. , MILCHAREK C.D. , SANTOS F. A. Dos
Published: September 2021

Biodiesel, a biodegradable renewable product that obeys the carbon cycle, comes detaching more each time in the national scene due to the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel from the Federal Government, that stipulates a 2% obligatory addition of biodiesel to the Diesel oil starting at 2008. However the possibility of massive production of biodiesel in Brazil represents a serious threat to the drinking water sources, since one of the critical stages that guarantee the fuel quality is the laudering with water to the removal of biodiesel's by-products, such as the glycerin, the residual alcohol and the catalyst that still mixed in the renewable fuel. This water enters in the process of production not contaminated (some times also potable) and returns to the environment contaminated, presenting pH = 11, oils and greases near of 500 mg L-1, color equal to 3,000 mg L-1, turbidity equal to 905 NTU, beyond a chemical demand of oxygen equal to 16,564 mg L-1. This values are in disagreement with the Conama Resolution nº357. However after treatment it obtains pH = 6, nothing detected for oils and greases and color, 0,64 NTU for turbidity and chemical demand of oxygen equal to 5,000 mg L-1.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAZILIAN COMMERCIAL CLAYS AND APPLICATION IN THE REMOVAL OF Cu2+ FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: DE ASSUMPÇÃO Luiz Carlos Fonte Nova , DA SILVA Edilene Tavares , DE AGUIAR Mônica Regina Marques Palermo , GUARINO Alcides Wagner Serpa
Published: September 2021

The Brazilian commercial acid clay capacity to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solutions was investigated. Pretreatment of clay, initial copper concentrations, contact time and kind of copper salts, namely chloride, nitrate and sulfate were studied. The results show that the clay was effective in removing the copper from aqueous solutions in few minutes. In the dilute solutions, the clay pretreatment or type of copper salts had no influence on the capacity of adsorption. On the other hand, in the concentrated solutions, the better result was obtained in the presence of copper nitrate. The structural characteristics of the commercial and intercalated Cu-clays were determined by XRD and Solid State NMR.
COMPUTATIONAL THEORETICAL STUDY OF ENERGIES INVOLVED IN OZONE DECOMPOSITION BY CHLORINATED RADICALS IN THE HIGH ATMOSPHERE LAYERS
Authors: CAMARGO Mairo Fabio
Published: September 2021

They had been analyzed by computational simulation, the mechanisms of the decomposition of ozone, catalyzed for atomic chlorine. The objective of the work was centered in the calculation of the surfaces of potential energy (PES) when the chlorine atom is forced if to approach to one of atoms of oxygen of ozone. The calculations had been effected using method DFT (B3LYP) associated to the bases of Dunning (cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ). The calculations had been effected using the program of quantum calculations Gaussian03. The energy of joined activation is compatible with the experimental data of that the decomposition of ozone catalyzed for atomic chlorine is spontaneous, same to the low temperatures found in the stratosphere.
PRIMARY EMISSION RATIOS OBTAINED FROM THE MONITORING OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS IN REBOUÇAS TUNNEL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL.
Authors: ALMEIDA José Claudino , MOREIRA Andrea , MOREIRA Lino , ARBILLA Graciela
Published: September 2021

Meassurements of pollutants concentrations in tunnels can reflect the actual characteristics of mobile sources in order to provide a control strategy to reduce emissions and secondary pollutants formation. Concentration levels of CO, NOx, SO2 and PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 m in diameter) were recorded inside Rebouças Tunnel, in a continuous monitoring station installed at about 1,500 m from the entrance. The reported data are the hourly average values through the year of 2002, bracketed only for the weekdays, weekends excluded. In terms of typical day cycles, the highest concentration levels occur close to traffic peaks and the criteria pollutants show good overall correlation levels with CO, as expected, given their common combustion-bound origin. CO hourly averages ranged from 10 to 50 ppm and the average CO/NO ratio (on a ppm basis) was 0.011, in good agreement with preliminary data for other locations in Brazil. NO concentration levels ranged from less than 1 ppm to about 4 ppm and this form is by far the dominant for nitrogen oxides (NOx) found in the tunnel, accounting for more than 90% of the sum of NO plus NO2. Sulfur oxides (measured as SO2 ) and inhalable particles concentrations ranged from 55 to 140 ppb and about 60 to 250 µg m-3 , respectively, for the composite annual profiles.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL EXTRACTED FROM Pachira aquatica Aubl
Authors: CAMARGO Mairo Fabio
Published: September 2021

The Pachira aquática Aubl is an originary tree of the Amazon region and comes being widely used as ornament in the cities. The objective of this work was centered in the characterization of the main chemical properties of the oil and in the determination of the crude protein level of chestnuts produced for such species. The methods used in the analyses of saponificação index, acidity, ester and peroxide had followed the Analytical Norms established by the Institute Adolph Lutz. The crude protein levels was determined through the Kjeldhal half-micron method. The result suggests that the chestnuts of the aquatic Pachira Aubl. may be used as an alternative in the feeding of the population a that presents 12.45% of protein, percentage of tolerable acidity (4,32% ác oléico), index of saponificação and ester inside of the standards recommended for literature (103,86 mgKOH g-1) e (96,46 mgKOH g-1), respectively, and low peroxide index (0,97 mEq kg-1).
USE OF DUST X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PEROVSKITAS TYPE FERRITES
Authors: DE PAULA Márcio , FRANCISCO Regina Helena Porto
Published: September 2021

The X-ray diffraction is one experimental method very important on characterization solids compounds. In the case of polycrystalline samples, the x-ray powder diffraction allows for the identification of the solid phase and the characterization of structural changes. The present paper was prepared any antiferromagnetic ceramic phases, bicalcic ferrite derivate (Ca2Fe2O5) by solid state reaction from pulverized reagents and mixed manually. These were heated in the Pt melting pan, in air oven at temperature between 1000 and 1450oC for 12h. The occurrence of reaction with reagents and the products obtained were identified and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction by polycrystalline sample. Mixtures of regents CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3, Fe2O3, Nb2O5, Have been made with various symmetries: a) Ba2Fe2O5, b) CaBaFe2O5, c) Ba2FeNbO6, d) Ca2Fe2O5, (e) Ba2Nb2O7, (f) Ca2Nb2O7, (g) Sr2Nb2O7, (h) CaBaFeNbO6. The products obtained showed that O2 of the air participated of reactions by providing the anions oxides required for obtaining the cubic phase. The formation of this phase was also helped by the presence of barium and niobium, since in the absence of these elements, can be seen the formation of orthorhombic phase, characteristic of Ca2Fe2O5.
ELECTRONIC POLARIZABILITIES OF RARE EARTH IONS IN Nd COMPOUNDS (ClO4) 3 (MMNO) 6 E Er (ClO4 ) 3 (MMNO) 6 IN SOLUTION
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , SILVA Afranio Gabriel da , SANTOS Vandeci Dias dos
Published: September 2021

Electronic Polarizabilidades of the íons Nd3+ and Er3+ were appraised for the species in different environments chemical (perclorate-H2O and perclorate-MMNO) and related with the optical parameters of bond and oscillator strength, starting from the electronic spectra of absorption of the compositions in solution methanolic.
USE OF RESIDUAL BIODIESEL FROM RAW GLYCERIN FROM COMMERCIAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , PROCHNOW Tânia Renata , OCÁCIA Gilnei Carvalho
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this work was the removal of byproducts such as free fatty acids and glycerides present in the crude glycerol. The free fatty acids and the glycerides were separated chemically by hydrolysis with phosphoric acid and mechanically with a separatory funnel. The products separated from the crude glycerin were esterified with an alcoholic solution of dimethyl sulfate and subsequently transesterified with a alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide to obtain the biodiesel (monoalkyl ester). The biodiesel was purified with Montmorilonite clay. It was analyzed by the acid value test and by solubility in methanol. The volume percent of biodiesel varied between 60% and 80% of the original crude glycerol. Finally the biodiesel (4 liters) was tested as a fuel in a pickup truck.
APPROACHES TO CHEMICAL TOPICS IN THE MEDIA AND THEIR POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: LIMA Thiago da Costa , MESQUITA Nyuara Araújo da Silva
Published: September 2021

This paper had the intent to identify and analyze contents related to Chemistry which are in circulation on the television media, elaborating and applying a hypothesis of study situation for the teaching of Chemistry in the basic education levels.
A CONTRIBUTION TO TEACHING CHEMISTRY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS USING THE COMPOSITION AND SOME REACTIONS OF DOMESTIC WASTE
Authors: TANIMOTO Jaqueline Keiko , FIELDS Karla Amâncio Pinto
Published: September 2021

The garbage has caused several problems within a city, is the visual pollution, in addition to contamination from the decomposition of organic matter, which generates the effluent called slurry which contaminates the soil and water in addition to the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, sulfidric acid, ammonia and carbon dioxide gas. Reflecting on the various problems in a city that affect the environment, propose to study the composition of the garbage generated in the home, and the reactions to the formation of the same, the decomposition of organic matter and environmental impacts. Therefore, the mini course can be well used by the students, who did not have a broad view of chemistry and its applications in daily life by increasing their knowledge conceptual, in addition to awakening the motivation through the same methods that interest them.
STUDY OF COMPETITIVENESS BETWEEN METAL IONS IN SOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC EFFLUENTS OF PHOSPHATIZATION LINES CONTAINING IRON, NICKEL AND ZINC IONS BY ELECTRODIALYSIS
Authors: ARSAND Daniel Ricardo , BERNARDES Andréa Moura , FERREIRA Jane Zoppas
Published: September 2021

Using the electrodialysis in treatment of rinsewater, two other solutions are obtained: one concentrated, which can be returned to the galvanic bath; and the other diluted, which has perfect conditions to be reused in a closed circuit as rinsewater. The aim of this work was to evaluate the competitiveness between metallic ions (iron, niquel and zinc) during the electrodialysis technique as a method for treatment of wastewater produced by the phosphatization process. Experiments were conduced with different rinsewater composition and Nafion® 450 and Selemion® AMP membranes. The results obtained show correlation between percentual extractions, current efficiency and the presence of metallic ions in solution.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE ARBORAL COMPONENT OF A SEMIDECIDUAL STATION FOREST FRAGMENT OF THE SAINT’HILAIRE PARK, VIAMÃO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: SILVA Lucas Gonçalves , GALVAN Jônatas , MORAIS Guilherme Loss , PRESTES Anderson Silveira
Published: September 2021

The present work investigated the forest composition and the ecological structure in a Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest bush area in the Saint'Hilaire Park, Viamão, RS - Brazil. The sampling was performed using the point center square method, and 55 sampled points had been raised 220 individuals with DBH ≥ 5cm., pertaining to 22 families, 38 genera and 46 species. The botanical families who presented greater specific wealth had been Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae and Meliaceae. As the abundance of specimens, the families who presented greater expression had been Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae. The most important species for the showed area had been Sebastiania commersoniana, Gymnanthes concolor, Luehea divaricata, Faramea marginata and Eugenia rostrifolia, that accumulated 45.23% value of the community importance.
CO-PYROLYSIS OF POLYPROPYLENE WITH PETROLEUM OF BACIA DE CAMPOS
Authors: ASSUMPÇÃO Luiz Carlos Fonte Nova de , MARQUES Mônica Regina da Costa , CARBONELL Montserrat Motas
Published: September 2021

In this study, the process of co-pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) residues with gas-oil was evaluated, varying the temperature and the amount of polypropylene fed to the reactor. The polypropylene samples and gas-oil were submitted to the thermal co-pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere, varying the temperature and the amount of PP. The influence of the gas-oil was evaluated carrying the co-pyrolysis in the absence of PP. The pyrolysed liquids produced by this thermal treatment were characterized by modified gaseous chromatography in order to evaluate the yield in the range of distillation of diesel. As a result, the increase of PP amount lead to a reduction in the yield of the pyrolytic liquid and to an increase of the amount of solid generated. The effect of temperature increase showed an inverse result. The results show that plastic residue co-pyrolysys is a potential method for chemical recycling of plastic products.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LANTANIUM, NEODYMIUM AND ERBIUM MALEATES
Authors: MELO Roseane Maria de , LIMA Francisco José Santos , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da , BRAGA Cláudio César de Medeiros
Published: September 2021

The lanthanium, neodymium and erbium maleates, were prepared starting from the oxides with hydrochloric acid for the formation of the salts, both in aqueous suspension, and after recrystallizade and dry, acid maleic was added. The obtained compositions were studied through the with EDTA complexometry, molar conductance thermogravimetry (TG), infrared spectroscopy, rays-X difratometry for the method of the powder and molecular modelling. The curves TG were obtained in atmosphere of synthetic air. The results made possible to establish the stochiometry and the degree of hydration of the compositions, that presented general formula: M(Mal)x.nH2O. The curves TG also allowed to verify the thermal stability, as well as the process of thermal decomposition, of these composed. The rays-X diffraction, for the method powder, showed that all the compositions possess crystalline structure, however, without formation of series isomorphous.
TECHNICAL REPORT 1: ANALYZING THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , GOLDANI Eduardo
Published: September 2021

The gradual increase in the productive chain of Biodiesel in Brazil comes requiring professionals enabled to its expansion and improvements. This fact is related to constants and increase demands of the biofuels, to attempt the percentages of mixture to diesel oil which will increase in the next years. In this way, this work compels comments of Tchê Química Group researchers, done in recent years, regarding the commercialized synthetic fuels fluid production like biodiesel. This material looked for itself in frequent questions raised by customers and colleagues of the academic environment regarding different systems of production, that use a bigger number of tanks to produce the fuel or a reduced number of tanks to do the same task. In order to a better approach of such subject, the analysis were splited in two types of plant: one called specialists and another called generalists. Each one brings several positive and negative aspects that we hope to be of great value for taking of decisions.
EVALUATION THERMOANALYTICAL OF WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFIED WITH FOLIC ACID AND FERROUS SULPHATE
Authors: ARAÚJO Eliane Gonçalves , FERNANDES Nedja Suely
Published: September 2021

In this work wheat flour aditived with folic acid and iron sulphate was evaluated by Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for evaluation of the thermal stability. The results obtained showed that the samples of wheat flour have similar behaviour.
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS IN RESEARCH ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY
Authors: SILVA Lucas Gonçalves , SANTOS Leandro Olegário
Published: September 2021

The technological growth places new tools to researches and general public. Biological databases are spread out for computer’s world network and each time more had access for biological information sources. Categorize and analyze it’s information and your composition objectifying to facilitate the access brings new perspectives to scientific spreading. Databases “Biodiversity Hotspots” and “Species 2000” possess many important biological information, like other databases, molecular and genetics, where are available species data, ecosystems ecology and conservation strategies.
DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF DIESEL THROUGH THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING OF IMPACTED AREAS
Authors: LOYOLA Josiane , QUITERIO Simone Lorena , ESCALEIRA Viviane , ARBILLA Graciela
Published: September 2021

The petroleum industry has difficulties to assess the trace metal content in liquid fuels. In this work, it is proposed to solve this problem determining these metals by collecting particulate matter atmospheric samples and analysing their metal content. Samples of total particulate matter and of inhalable particles (PM10) were collected in a bus station in the period August 2006-February 2007. The only significant emission source in that location are the buses, fueled by diesel, since light duty vehicles account for about 1-2% of the total vehicular flux and no other activities are developed in the area. Metal levels were determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant compounds, and account for about 50.1%, 24.2%, 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively, of the metal contain. Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb were under their detection limits, except for a few samples. Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in higher ratios that those currently find in crustal materials indicating that these elements may have important combustion sources and are enriched in the soil.
CHEMISTRY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE TEACHER´S
Authors: NUNES Albino Oliveira , SANTOS Anne Gabriella Dias , ANJOS JÚNIOR Romildo Henrique dos , BARBOZA Marcelo Loer Bellini Monjardim
Published: September 2021

This work discuss about the training and knowledge of science teachers that work on two cities: Assu and Ipanguaçu (RN- Brazil). To it, was used a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The results show that these teachers didn´t graduate on Science courses, and they affirm don´t have enough knowledge to teach science. It possible note too they didn´t know enough about STS, interdisciplinarity and plans to class. It don´t contribute to new practice on classroom.
TECHNICAL REPORT 2: ACID CATALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , GOLDANI Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Several raw materials have been used in the biodiesel production since the implementation of the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel through the Brazilian Law 11.097 of January 13th 2005. The most common way used to produce this biofuel is the transesterification reaction which, among others features, requires a raw material with low acidity level. When this condition is not reached, the esterification reaction is alternatively used to convert free fatty acids into mono alkyl esters. Sulfuric acid is one of the catalysts that can be used in the esterification reaction which, therefore, can react with the alcohol generating dimethylsulfate. The aim of this technical report is to discuss the chemical reactions involved when the esterification reaction is used and the effects that this may cause, such as exposure to carcinogenic products.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LSM/SDC FILMS AS COMPOSITE CATHODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Authors: CESÁRIO Moisés Rômolos , MACEDO Daniel Araújo , BARROS Bráulio Silva , PIMENTEL Patrícia Mendonça , MELO Marcus Antonio de Feitas , MELO Dulce Maria de Araújo
Published: September 2021

The study of the strontium-doped lanthanum manganites in the form of films covers a large area of technological applications, such as ceramics semiconductors and solid oxide fuel cell cathode. Strontium-doped lanthanum manganite and samarium-doped ceria has been used as composite cathode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its excellent performance in electronic and ionic conductivity. In this work, we produced films of the cathode LSM / SDC on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) powders were synthesized by a synthesis route similar to the Pechini method, in which the gelatin replaced the ethylene glycol as polymerizing agent. Precursor powders of LSM and SDC phases were calcined at 900 ºC. In the step of films production were prepared suspensions of the LSM and SDC powders with addition of ethyl cellulose as a pore-forming agent. The ceramic suspensions were deposited on YSZ electrolyte using the spin coating method. After sintering to 1150 °C for 4 h the films were characterized by XRD and SEM. The film with 10 wt.% ethyl cellulose presented porous and strongly adhered to the YSZ substrate.
GUANABARA BAY: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION THROUGH AN INTERDISCIPLINARY THEMATIC
Authors: DE SOUZA Paulo Sérgio Alves , RUA Emílio Reguera
Published: September 2021

This paper shows an interdisciplinary project that involved two scholar subjects: Chemistry and Regional Studies (subject of business administration course of Fundação Osório). The Guanabara Bay was the scene for observations and discussions about the origins, causes and possible solutions in terms of time scale for the environmental question. This approach allowed, beyond the dialog between Chemistry and Regional Studies, the diffusion of environmental education and developed the social and environmental sensibility, terms so importants to improve a future professional in business administration.
USE OF RICE SHELL ASH AS SORBENT MATERIAL FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER AND TURBIDITY OF EFFLUENT FROM THE RICE PARABOILYNG PROCESS
Authors: BERWANGER FILHO Jorge Augusto , WILBERG Katia de Quadros , PROCHNOW Tania Renata
Published: September 2021

The estimate rice productivity in Brazil for the 2008/2009 season, is 12,149.35 thousand tons of grains, being Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state responsible for 61.34% of national production. The rice shell is usually burned for energy production, generating rice shell ash (CCA) as solid residue. CCA represents an average of 4% of the grain mass. In this way, RS state presents an estimated generation of 298.1 thousand tons of CCA in this period. Attempts to reuse this waste are constantly facing difficulties due to inherent CCA properties. This work aims to perform sorption bench tests to verify the possibility of using CCA to treat the effluent of the parboiled process. Tests efficiencies were expressed in terms of organic matter and turbidity removal. The use of a solid residue of the end of the process to treat the effluent of the very process is a strategy to minimize costs for waste management and contribute to the environment in a sustainable way. The sorption efficiency of CCA as an alternative sorbent material reached 78% of organic matter removal and 99% of turbidity removal.
BOND PARAMETERS AND OSCILADOR STRENGHT OF THE NEODYME AND ERBIUM HIDRATED MALEATES
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , MELO Roseane Maria de , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

In this work we investigated the spectroscopy properties of the compounds of the neodyme and erbium maleates, starting from your spectra in ethanolic solution and of the nefelauxetic parameters , of Sinha , of the interaction ligand-metal b1/2 and of the evaluation of the oscillator strength Pok. The fact of derived compounds of the acid maleic be used as eletrolytos of proven efficiency and they be also applied as precursors polymerics, it turns this class of compositions special in the activities of researches and of possible industrial applications and you trade in electro-electronic equipments.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY ON THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUELS
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , SILVA Isaac Newton Lima da
Published: September 2021

The requirements for producing fuels from less polluting sources, from renewable raw materials, consuming less power and to generate a smaller amount of waste are some of the priorities to ensure the sustainable future of the nation. In this context, correctly determine when the chemical reaction that produces the renewable fuel has reached the chemical balance is important to increase the energetic efficiency. The technique used to monitor the reaction that produces the fuel consisted in to deliver a laser beam in the reaction medium, producing a hologram. The measure of the rate of change of the hologram surface as a function of the reaction kinetics, allows to determine when the chemical reaction came to chemical equilibrium. As result it is possible to correlate the light scattering variation with the reaction kinetics
EVALUATION OF ADSORPTION OF COPPER IONS IN THE PERLITE USING DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY EMPLOYING A CHITOSAN MODIFIED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE
Authors: NOGUEIRA James Pyetro do Amaral , CARVALHO Araújo Daniel , MARTINEZ-HUITLE Carlos Alberto , FERNANDES Nedja Suely
Published: September 2021

In this work the perlite, an aluminosilicate constituted by 72.1% of SiO2 and 18.5% of Al2O3 was evaluated as an adsorbent of copper ions in aqueous solution using the differential pulse voltammetry technique employing a chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (EMQ). The adsorption tests performed in the range from 5 to 30 min indicated that an adsorption of copper ions around 73% at time of 30 min was achivied