bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field research methods and methodology: open questions. Part 2
Authors:   Institute of psychology of the Russian academy of sciences, Tolochek Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Annotation. The relationship between the state of the methodology of psychology, the method, the subject, the research technologies, the explanation of the results obtained have been noted by scientists for over a century. The study of the “situation” phenomenon as an important fragment of reality presupposes a transition to new “coordinate systems” of description, an appeal to new resources of methodology, methodological tools, and conceptual apparatus. Using several criteria - classes of problems, dominant methods, maturity of methodology, scientific traditions - it is possible to distinguish types of research work (R&D): experimental research, natural experiments, pilot studies, field research. The four types represent a continuum of possibilities and limitations of the psychologist's control over the conditions for conducting research. The “simple schemes” of scientific research and “complex schemes” are considered. In new historical conditions, along with the “methods” of the discipline, new components of theoretical knowledge (including the concepts of “situation”, “interaction”, “space”, “environment (environment)” - as reflecting the moments of dynamism of fragments of social reality) should play an important role. Ontologically, “situations” represent a continuum of actualized “units” of reality - from simplified conditions of laboratory experiments to extreme “difficult life situations”. Conceptually, “situations” are sequences of complexes of conditions that are actualized in the processes of human life; there are reflections of the multidimensionality of the state, functioning and evolution of real empirical objects. The functions of complex R&D schemes are to recreate a multidimensional complex reality - a "situation", while the tasks of simple schemes are to extremely simplify the states of the examined objects and their relations with the environment
Comfort of the educational process in rural school study results
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Selivanova Olga G.
Published: December 2021

As our theoretical analysis has shown, the relevance of the study is determined by the importance of rural schools in the education system both in Russia and in the world. Despite thedifferences in the policies of states towards rural schools, similar didactic difficulties for teachers both in Russia and abroad have been identified. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of a study of educational process comfort ina rural school, which was attended by teachers, students and their parents (more than 3000 in total) from 10 regions of Russia. The main research methods were the collection of an array of empirical data based on questionnaires and their theoretical interpretation. The article contains an analysis of data on an educational lesson in rural school as a marker of the psychological comfort of education according to the following parameters: lesson density; the emotional background of the training session; the use of technical teaching aids in the classroom; frequency of rotation of activities types, methods and techniques of teaching. Despite the positive data obtained on the psychological comfort of the educational process in rural school, in the course of the study, problems were found out and identified, the failure of which in the context of the digital transformation of education creates the danger of losing the designated positions. The article substantiates and reveals the substantive, technological, communicative aspects of the formation of the psychological comfort of the educational process in rural school as vectors of transformation of the characteristics of the educational process of rural school in accordance with the trends and challenges of the time. The article will be useful for working teachers, as well as researchers dealing with the modernization of the educational process in educational institutions of the village, graduate students, undergraduates and students of the training directions «Pedagogical Education».
Interaction of rural schools and families in the works of S. A. Rachinsky
Authors:   Ryazan branch of the Higher School of Folk Arts, Gritsay Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes pedagogical ideas and practical experience in organizing the interaction of rural schools and families, proposed in the works of famous teacher-innovator Professor S. A. Rachinsky. The possibilities for such interaction proposed in the works of the teacher are studied, a comparative analysis of the ideas of Rachinsky and the official doctrines of the Ministry of Public Education is carried out, the peculiarities of the implementation of the ideas of the teacher in practice are indicated, which provides for taking into account the individual characteristics of teaching and raising children from a peasant environment in a rural boarding school with the organization of practice-oriented labor education of trainees, as well as the formation of their knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of certain types of professional activity, focused on their future work in rural environment. It is indicated that thanks to Rachinsky's activity, the ideas of humanistic upbringing of children based on national traditions penetrated into the environment of the peasantry, which for centuries maintained conservative ideas about family upbringing of children, which assumed a strict hierarchy of child-parent relationships, reliance on community values, authoritarian style of parental behavior and recognition of the need for unconditional subordination of children to the will of their parents. Broad socio-cultural and educational activities of S. A. Rachinsky in rural environment, the opening of schools by him contributed to the formation of a new type of relationship between older and younger family members based on mutual respect and recognition of the child's right to realize his personal potential in society, thereby in a certain way humanizing the relationship between older and younger family members.
Тraditions and innovations in continuing education of a rural school teasher: summer pedagogical school
Authors:   Center for Education Development, Petrozavodsk, Eflova Zinaida B.
Published: December 2021

The article continues to acquaint with the results of a historical and pedagogical study of the theory and practice of professional and personal formation and development of a rural teacher in Russia, carried out in the discourse of his lifelong education (journal «Pedagogy of rural school», № 1, 2021). At the stage of the development of rural schools and rural teachers (XIX – early XX centuries), the prerequisites for the continuous education of a rural teacher are found in such forms of advanced training as teachers' congresses and courses for folk (zemstvo, rural) teachers. The illustration of the possibility of reviving traditions and harmonizing the ideas of educators with the development trends of modern rural school and its teacher is the Summer Pedagogical School for leaders and teachers of rural educational organizations of the Republic of Karelia. The reliance on traditions in improving the qualifications of rural teachers is manifested in the concept, content, structure and forms of implementation of the program of additional pedagogical education, carried out in this format. The article substantiates the viability and prospects of the following ideas of teachers' congresses and courses: 1. The actual content of the additional education of a rural teacher, adequate to modern trends in the development of education and at the same time verified (coordinated) with the specifics of rural school, professional activity and lifestyle of a teacher in the in the village. 2. The interdependence and interconnection of theory and practice, the practical orientation of additional pedagogical education and its focus on the translation of learning outcomes into the life of rural school, into the professional activities of a rural teacher. 3. Democratic creative atmosphere, «friendly interface» of the Summer Pedagogical School of rural teachers. 4. Integration of resources of subjects of joint educational activities – organizers and participants of the Summer Pedagogical School. The innovativeness of the summer pedagogical school manifested in the compatibility of team and personalized training, in a modular approach to the construction and implementation of the educational program, in the priority of active, interactive technologies, in the use of information technologies and etc.
ANALISIS RESEPSI TERHADAP KREATIVITAS KEKEYI PUTRI CANTIKA DI YOUTUBE
Authors: Verdiana Donna Miranti
Published: December 2021

Kreativitas merupakan hal yang esensial di era milenial ini. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh salah satu beauty vlogger, yakni Kekeyi Putri Cantika di platform Youtube. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resepsi pada video yang diunggah oleh Kekeyi Putri Cantika di Youtube. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori resepsi Stuart Hall untuk menemukan pemaknaan dominan, pemaknaan negosisasi, dan pemaknaan oposisi pada video yang diunggah oleh Kekeyi di Youtube. Peneliti memilih untuk menelaah isu berikut karena terdapat banyak artis dan beauty vlogger yang mengikuti trend 25K Makeup Challenge. Trend tersebut dibuat pertama kali oleh Kekeyi. Viralnya video Kekeyi di Youtube karena keunikan Kekeyi yang menggunakan balon berisi air untuk digunakan sebagai pengganti beauty blender.
Efektivitas Pemakaian Jurnal Online Oleh Mahasiswa Di Perpustakaan Universitas Riau
Authors: Putri Gusla , Sudiar Nining , Amelia Vita
Published: December 2021

Judul penelitian ini yaitu Efektivitas Pemakaian Jurnal Online Oleh Mahasiswa di Perpustakaan Universitas Riau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas pemakaian jurnal online oleh mahasiswa di Perpustakaan Universitas Riau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Dengan jumlah populasi 5621 dengan sampel 373 skripsi mahasiswa pada tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pemakaian jurnal online (Westlaw) sangat tidak efektif yaitu senilai 5,89%, karena rasio efektivitasnya di bawah 40 sesuai acuan Litbang Depdagri. Sedangkan jurnal online (Emerald) sangat-sangat tidak efektif karena tidak ada atau senilai 0% mahasiswa Universitas Riau yang mengutip dari jurnal tersebut pada tahun 2019. Dan untuk jurnal online (ProQuest) tingkat pemakaiannya senilai 6,43% sesuai acuan Litbang Depdagri maka tingkat keterpakaiannya sangat tidak efektif karena rasio efektivitasnya di bawah 40.
INTRODUCTION TO 75th ANNIVERSARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kravets Viktor , Stovpnyk Stanislav
Published: December 2021

Institute of Energy Saving and Energy Management of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute as the successor of the glorious mining faculty of KPI entered the jubilee 75th year from its foundation.
The Study of the Northern Tungus in the Academic Project “History of Yakutia”
Authors: Missonova L.I.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, it is noted that new development in the Tungus-Manchu studies has begun by the virtue of writing a three-volume work “History of Yakutia”. It was found that, as the result, a new stage of the development of the fundamental science in the field of research of the peoples of Yakutia has begun. It is emphasized that the developed concept of creating the large-volume work allowed conducting a multi-faceted investigation; new archival and other materials were drawn into research, which had not received sufficient attention previously. It is shown how, according to the concept of publishing “History of Yakutia”, in the mainstream of the history of the peoples of Yakutia, presentation of the existing material is possible not only from the point of view of the traditional ethnographic approach by each group individually and by all conventional means of subsistence of the ethnic culture. It is concluded that the development and transformation of the territory by the nomadic Tungus-Manchu Cultures was actively manifested in the expansion to the North (an example of Even-Bytantai Ulus of Yakutia can be noted) and to the East (notably, to the Far East, including the insular territory of the Russian Federation). It is noted that the Tungus-Manchu peoples of Russia fell into the category of the “northern” nations in the very course of the development of the northern territories. These nations developed a unique school of adaptation of their culture to the environmental conditions of the northern spaces. It is the vision of the Tungus histoty as a whole, and of the history of small Tungus-Manchu nations, in particular, as a powerful momentum that played an important role in the history of the development of the vast territories, that seems new and topical. There have been presented examples of the updated source base for the study of the development of the territory by Tungus ethnic minorities, which reveals the potential of a synthesis of the study of the vocabulary and folklore of the Tungus-Manchu peoples and archaeological artifacts, in comparison with archival materials (primarily, archives of Yakutia.
Craniological sources on the problem of ethnogenesis of the Narym Selkups
Authors: Bagashev A.N.
Published: December 2021

The Narym Selkups are an indigenous population of the Middle Ob River region speaking various dialects of the Selkup language related to the South-Samodian branch of the Ural language family. In the course of the study of Medieval and relatively recent burial grounds in the territory of the Narym Ob area of Tomsk Oblast, considerable amount of craniological material has been collected, which constitutes an important historical source for solving general problems of their origins. According to the archaeological and ethnographic materials, the Medieval burials were left by direct ascendants of modern Narym Selkups, whereas the materials from the later burial grounds are directly associated with their specific local-dialect groups. This paper is aimed to introduce into scien-tific discourse virtually all craniological materials known today from the burial grounds left by the Narym Selkups, and, on the basis of the results of group cross-correlation, to identify trends of the territorial variability of the whole community. Significant increase of new finds from the vast territory of the Middle Ob region, population-driven approach to the data analysis and development of the craniometric technique warranted re-grouping of the finds by the territorial principle and their repeated measurement and analysis. In view of the current problem, all cranio-logical materials were grouped into ten sampling series, five of which are published for the first time (the burial ground of Ostyatskaya Gora and four combined craniological series from the burial grounds of Lower Chulym, Narym Ob, Upper Ket, and the Tym and Vasyugan rivers). Analysis of the variability of the series from the Narym Ob region in chronological and geographical bands showed their weak variability in space and time. Therefore, prior to the Russian colonization of Siberia, this region of the Middle Ob area was not invaded by considerably large groups of people of different anthropological appearance. All studied craniological series were samples from the single unity. Although the territorial variability of the anthropological features within the groups of the Narym Selkups is not large, in some cases an influence of territorially closest neighbours on the anthropological structures of particular Selkup populations can be discerned. It appeared that the southern groups exhibit resemblance with their territorially closest Turkic populations of the Chulym and Lower Tom regions, while in the composition of other Narym groups, there have been identified an admixture of the component genetically related to the Turkic populations of the Western-Siberian forest-steppe — Barabino and Tobol-Irtysh Tatars, and, although being very weak, an influence of the Ob Ugric populations can be discerned.
Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Monocyte Subsets in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Mongirdienė Aušra , Liobikas Julius
Published: December 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) results when heart cannot constantly supply the body tissues with oxygen and required nutrients, and it can be categorized as heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There are different causes and mechanisms of the HF pathogenesis; however, the inflammation can be regarded as one of the factors promoting both HFrEF and HFpEF. Monocytes, a subgroup of leucocytes, are known as cellular mediators in response to cardiovascular injury and are closely related to inflammatory reactions. These cells are a vital component of the immune system and are the source of macrophages, which participate in cardiac tissue repair after injury. However, the monocytes are not homogenous as thought, and thus can present different functions under different cardiovascular disease conditions. In addition, there is still an open question whether the functions of monocytes and macrophages should be regarded as a cause or a consequence in CHF development. Therefore, our aim was to summarize the current studies on the function of various monocyte subsets in CHF with a focus on the role of a certain monocyte subset in HFpEF and HFrEF patients, and the relation to inflammatory markers.
Trends in Synthetic Biology in the Bioeconomy of Non-food-Competing Biofuels
Authors: Fantinel Antônio Luiz , Margis Rogério , Talamini Edson , Dewes Homero
Published: December 2021

Despite the acknowledged relevance of renewable energy sources, biofuel production supported by food-related agriculture has faced severe criticism. One way to minimize the considered negative impacts is the use of sources of non-food biomass or wastes. Synthetic biology (SB) embraces a promising complex of technologies for biofuel production from non-edible and sustainable raw materials. Therefore, it is pertinent to identify the global evolution of investments, concepts, and techniques underlying the field in support of policy formulations for sustainable bioenergy production. We mapped the SB scientific knowledge related to biofuels using software that combines information visualization methods, bibliometrics, and data mining algorithms. The United States and China have been the leading countries in developing SB technologies. Technical University of Denmark and Tsinghua University are the institutions with higher centrality and have played prominent roles besides UC-Los Angeles and Delft University Technology. We identified six knowledge clusters under the terms: versatile sugar dehydrogenase, redox balance principle, sesquiterpene production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recombinant xylose-fermenting strain, and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. The emerging trends refer to specific microorganisms, processes, and products. Yarrowia lipolytica, Oleaginous yeast, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Microalgae are the most prominent microorganisms, mainly from the year 2016 onwards. Anaerobic digestion, synthetic promoters, and genetic analysis appear as the most relevant platforms of new processes. Improved biofuels, bioethanol, and N-butanol are at the frontier of the development of SB-derived products. Synthetic biology is a dynamic interdisciplinary field in environmentally friendly bioenergy production pushed by growing social concerns and the emergent bioeconomy.
The Thermodynamically Expensive Contribution of Three Calcium Sources to Somatic Release of Serotonin
Authors: De-Miguel Francisco F.
Published: December 2021

The soma, dendrites and axon of neurons may display calcium-dependent release of transmitters and peptides. Such release is named extrasynaptic for occurring in the absence of synaptic structures. This review describes cooperative actions of three calcium sources on somatic exocytosis. Emphasis is given to the release of serotonin by the classical serotonergic leech Retzius neuron, which has allowed detailed studies of each step between excitation and exoctytosis. Trains of action potentials induce transmembrane calcium entry through L-type channels. If the frequency of action potentials is above 5 Hz, summation of calcium transients upon individual action potentials increases the intracellular calcium concentration to activate calcium–induced calcium release. The amplified calcium wave activates motochondrial ATP synthesis that fuels the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. Serotonin that is released activates autoreceptors coupled to phospholipase C. Production of IP3 produces release of calcium that sustains the large-scale exocytosis. The swiss-clock workings of the release machinery for somatic exocytosis has a striking disadvantage. The essential calcium-releasing endoplasmic reticulum that lays between resting vesicles and the plasma membrane becomes an obstacle for the vesicle transport. Such architecture reduces drastically the thermodynamic efficiency of the vesicle transport and elevates its energy cost..
Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeon Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli
Authors: Niu Xiaoke , Huang Shuman , Zhu Minjie , Wang Zhizhong , Shi Li
Published: December 2021

Surround modulation is a phenomenon whereby costimulation of the extra-classical receptive field and classical receptive field would modulate the visual responses induced individually by classical receptive field. However, there lacks systematic study about surround modulation properties existing in avian optic tectum. In this study, neuronal activities are recorded from pigeon optic tectum, and the responses to moving and flashed squares and bars of different sizes are compared. The statistical results showed that most tectal neurons presented surround suppression as stimuli size grew larger both in moving and flashed paradigms, and the suppression degree induced by larger flashed square was comparable with that by moving one when it crossed near the cell’s RF center, which corresponds to fully surrounding condition. The suppression degree grew weaker when the stimuli move across the RF border, which corresponds to partially surrounding condition. Meanwhile, the fully surround suppression induced by flashed square was also more intense than partially surrounded by flashed bars. The results provide new insight for understanding the spatial arrangement of lateral inhibitions from feedback or feedforward streams, which would help to make clear the generation mechanism of surround modulation found in avian optic tectum.
Anti-diabetic, Antioxidants, Anti-hepatorenaltoxicity Activities of Cyperus rotundus Rhizome Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Al-Awar Mohammed , Alqabbani Turki
Published: December 2021

Objective: The hypoglycemic, hepatorenalprotective, and antioxidant Activities of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes extract in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model were investigated in this work.Methods: 25 Male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic of C. rotundus (200 mg/kg b.w), diabetic of C. rotundus (400 mg/kg b.w), diabetic of glibenclamide (0.6mg/kg).Treatments were administered orally for 6 weeks.Results: A single injection of alloxan to rats (150mg/kg b.w) caused pathological alterations in all studied parameters and histological structure of the pancreas. On the other hand, results showed that oral administration of C. rotundus rhizomes extract in dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg caused significant reduction in glucose, HbA1C%, α-amylase level and plasma lactate together with significant elevation in serum insulin, serum pyruvate with an improvement in insulin resistance. In line with amelioration of the diabetic state, C. rotundus rhizomes extract improved of the liver and kidney functions, and oxidative marker levels. Moreover, the extract succeeded to reduce the elevated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and to elevate the reduced high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) level of diabetic rats.Conclusion: The investigation data concluded that C. rotundus rhizomes extract could be used as alternative treatments as antidiabetic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic, and agent as well as in liver and kidney protective in alloxan induced-diabetic rats. This may be related to the presence of saponin glycosides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethanolic extract of C. rotundus rhizomes, which was discovered by phytochemical screening in this study to be present in the plant.
Superionic Solid Electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 Synthesis and Thermodynamics for Application in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Popovich Anatoliy , Novikov Pavel , Wang Qingsheng , Aleksandrov Daniil
Published: December 2021

Li7La3Zr2O12Solid-state reaction was used for Li7La3Zr2O12 material synthesis from Li2CO3, La2O3 and ZrO2 powders. Phase investigation by XRD, SEM and EDS methods of Li7La3Zr2O12 were carried out. The molar heat capacity of Li7La3Zr2O12 at constant pressure in the temperature range 298-800 K should be calculated as Cp,m = 518.135+0.599 × T - 8.339 × T−2, where T is absolute temperature, . Thermodynamic characteristics of Li7La3Zr2O12 were determined as next: entropy S0298 = 362.3 J mol-1 K-1, molar enthalpy of dissolution ΔdHLlZO = ˗ 1471.73 ± 29.39 kJ mol−1, the standard enthalpy of formation from elements ΔfH0 = ˗ 9327.65 ± 7.9 kJ mol−1, the standard Gibbs free energy of formation ∆f G0298 = ˗9435.6 kJ mol-1.
The Compound Inverse Rayleigh as an Extreme Wind Speed Distribution and its Bayes Estimation
Authors: Chiodo Elio , Fantauzzi Maurizio , Mazzanti Giovanni
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the Compound Inverse Rayleigh distribution, shown to constitute a proper model for the characterization of the probability distribution of extreme values of wind-speed, a topic which is gaining growing interest in the field of renewable generation assessment, both in view of wind power production evaluation and the wind-tower mechanical reliability and safety. The first part of the paper illustrates such model starting from its origin as a generalization of the Inverse Rayleigh model - already proven to be a valid model for extreme wind-speeds - by means of a continuous mixture generated by a Gamma distribution on the scale parameter, which gives rise to its name. Moreover, its validity to interpret different field data is illustrated, also by means of numerous numerical examples based upon real wind speed measurements. Then, a novel Bayes approach for the estimation of such extreme wind-speed model is proposed. The method relies upon the assessment of prior information in a practical way, that should be easily available to system engineers. In practice, the method allows to express one’s prior beliefs both in terms of parameters, as customary, and/or in terms of probabilities. The results of a large set of numerical simulations – using typical values of wind-speed parameters - are reported to illustrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method. The validity of the approach is also verified in terms of its robustness with respect to significant differences compared to the assumed prior information.
Optical phenomena in mesoscale dielectric particles
Authors: Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V.
Published: December 2021

During the last decade, new unusual physical phenomena have been discovered in studying the optics of dielectric mesoscale particles of an arbitrary three-dimensional shape with the Mie size parameter near 10 (q ~ 10). The paper provides a brief overview of these phenomena from optics to terahertz, plasmonic and acoustic ranges. The different particle configurations (isolated, regular or Janus) are discussed, and the possible applications of such mesoscale structures are briefly reviewed herein in relation to the field enhancement, nanoparticle manipulation and super-resolution imaging. The number of interesting applications indicates to a new promising scientific direction emerged in optics, terahertz and acoustic ranges, and plasmonics. In this paper we present the authors' view of these problems.
Assessment of Speech Quality during Speech Rehabilitation Based on the Solution of the Classification Problem
Authors: Kostyuchenko Evgeny , Rakhmanenko Ivan , Shelupanov Alexander , Balatskaya Lidiya , Sidorov Ivan
Published: December 2021

The article considers an approach to the problem of assessing the quality of speech during speech rehabilitation as a classification problem. For this, a classifier is built on the basis of an LSTM neural network for dividing speech signals into two classes: before the operation and immediately after. At the same time, speech before the operation is the standard to which it is necessary to approach in the process of rehabilitation. The metric of belonging of the evaluated signal to the reference class acts as an assessment of speech. An experimental assessment of rehabilitation sessions and a comparison of the resulting assessments with expert assessments of phrasal intelligibility were carried out.
Socio-medical Studies of Individuals Self-treating With Helminths Provide Insight Into Clinical Trial Design for Assessing Helminth Therapy
Authors: Parker William
Published: December 2021

The virtually complete loss of intestinal worms, known as helminths, from Western society has resulted in elimination of a range of helminth-induced morbidities. Unfortunately, that loss has also led to inflammation-associated deficiencies in immune function, ultimately contributing to widespread pandemics of allergies, autoimmunity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Several socio-medical studies have examined the effects of intentional reworming, or self-treatment with helminths, on a variety of inflammation-related disorders. In this study, the latest results from ongoing socio-medical studies are described. The results point toward two important factors that appear to be overlooked in some if not most clinical trials. Specifically, (a) the method of preparation of the helminth can have a profound effect on its therapeutic efficacy, and (b) variation between individuals in the effective therapeutic dosage apparently covers a 10-fold range, regardless of the helminth used. These results highlight current limits in our understanding of the biology of both hosts and helminths, and suggest that information from self-treatment may be critical for clinical evaluation of the benefits and limits of helminth therapy.
Highly Accurate Pose Estimation as Reference for Autonomous Vehicles in Near-Range Scenarios
Authors: Kälin Ursula , Staffa Louis , Grimm David Eugen , Wendt Axel
Published: December 2021

To validate the accuracy and reliability of onboard sensors for object detection and localization in driver assistance, as well as autonomous driving applications under realistic conditions (indoors and outdoors), a novel tracking system is presented. This tracking system is developed to determine the position and orientation of a slow-moving vehicle (e.g. car during parking maneuvers), independent of the onboard sensors, during test maneuvers within a reference environment. One requirement is a 6 degree of freedom (DoF) pose with a position uncertainty below 5 mm (3σ), an orientation uncertainty below 0.3° (3σ) at a frequency higher than 20 Hz, and a latency smaller than 500 ms. To compare the results from the reference system with the vehicle’s onboard system, a synchronization via Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and a system interoperability to Robot Operating System (ROS) is implemented. The developed system combines motion capture cameras mounted in a 360° panorama view set-up on the vehicle with robotic total stations. A point cloud of the test site serves as a digital twin of the environment, in which the movement of the vehicle is simulated. Results have shown that the fused measurements of these sensors complement each other, so that the accuracy requirements for the 6 DoF pose can be met, while allowing a flexible installation in different environments.
The Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (Mabac) Method for Decision Making under Interval-Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Environment for Green Supplier Selection
Authors: Mathew Manoj , Chakrabortty Ripon K. , Ryan Michael J. , Ljaz Muhammad Fazal , Rehman Khan Syed Abdul
Published: December 2021

In the era of sustainable development, green supplier selection has become a key component of supply chain management, as it considers criteria such as carbon footprint, water usage, energy usage and recycling capacity. Since the green supplier selection problem involves subjective criteria and uncertainty in preferences, it is well suited to using multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). Although few researchers have investigated MCDM for green supplier selection under uncertainty using intuitionistic and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Still, the newly developed fermatean fuzzy can handle greater data uncertainty than intuitionistic and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Since interval extension of fuzzy theory provides more accurate modeling, in this paper, we propose an interval extension of fermatean fuzzy set and discuss its fundamental set operations, arithmetic operations and related properties. We propose the Hamming distance function and the score function of the interval-valued fermatean fuzzy numbers. The recently developed Multi-attribute Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) method is also considered due to its stable and simple computation compared to other conventional MCDM methods. Therefore, an interval-valued fermatean fuzzy MABAC method is proposed and solved to select a green supplier based on multiple criteria. The proposed method's comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis validate the proposed method's effectiveness and robustness.
Agri-Environmental Indicators: a Systemic Review to Assess New EU Green Deal Policies
Authors: Salvan Michele Giuseppe , Bertoni Danilo , Bocchi Stefano , Cavicchioli Daniele
Published: December 2021

Every intervention of planning, implementation, and monitoring of agricultural and agri-environmental policies requires assessment tools that should have the characteristics of relevance, completeness, interpretability, data quality, efficiency, and overlapping. Despite the extensive selection of bibliographies and numerous projects designed to develop agri-environmental indicators necessary for assessing the sustainability of new policies, it is difficult to have an integrated and updated set of indicators available, which can be an effective and practical application tool to assists policymakers, researchers, and actors in policy design, monitoring and impact assessment. Particularly, such need is pressing to face the new environmental challenges imposed by the upcoming European Union Green Deal on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post 2023. This study, therefore, aims to fill this gap by proposing a selection methodology and different pools of agri-environmental indicators differentiated based on a scale approach (crop-farm-district-region). Furthermore, we have attempted to validate our approach by quantifying selected indicators for a specific evaluation necessity, represented in this case by an assessment of environmental impact of land use change induced by CAP greening requirements in the Northern Italy context. Results of this validation show original crops’ impacts comparison, but also highlight great knowledge gaps in the available literature.
Assessment of Nanobag as a New Safety System in the Frontal Sled Test
Authors: Špička Jan , Bońkowski Tomasz , Hynčík Luděk , Hanuliak Alojz
Published: December 2021

Objective: The future mobility challenges leads to considering new safety systems to protect vehicle passengers in non-standard and complex seating configurations. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a brand new safety system called nanobag and to compare it to the traditional airbag performance in the frontal sled test scenario. Methods: The nanobag technology is assessed in the frontal crash test scenario and compared with the standard airbag by numerical simulation. The previously identified material model is used to assemble the nanobag numerical model. The paper exploits an existing validated human body model to assess the performance of the nanobag safety system. Using both the new nanobag and the standard airbag, the sled test numerical simulations with the variation of human bodies are performed in 30 km/h and 50 km/h frontal impacts. Results: The sled test results for both the nanobag and the standard airbag based on injury criteria shows a good and acceptable performance of the nanobag safety system compared to the traditional airbag. Conclusion: The results show that the nanobag system has its performance compared to the standard airbag, which means that thanks to the design, the nanobag safety system has a high potential and extended application for multi-directional protection against impact.
Comparison of Different Label-free Techniques for the Semi-absolute Quantification of Protein Abundance
Authors: Millán-Oropeza Aarón , Blein-Nicolas Mélisande , Monnet Véronique , Zivy Michel , Henry Céline
Published: December 2021

In proteomics, it is essential to quantify proteins in absolute terms if we wish compare results among studies and integrate high-throughput biological data into genome-scale metabolic models. While labeling target peptides with stable isotopes allows protein abundance to be accurately quantified, the utility of this technique is constrained by the low number of quantifiable proteins that it yields. Recently, label-free shotgun proteomics has become the “gold standard” for carrying out global assessments of biological samples containing thousands of proteins. However, this tool must be further improved if we wish to accurately quantify absolute levels of proteins. Here, we used different label-free quantification techniques to estimate absolute protein abundance in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. More specifically, we evaluated the performance of seven different quantification methods, based either on spectral counting (SC) or extracted-ion chromatogram (XIC), which were applied to samples from five different proteome backgrounds. We also compared the accuracy and reproducibility of two strategies for transforming relative abundance into absolute abundance: a UPS2-based strategy and the total protein approach (TPA). This study mentions technical challenges related to UPS2 use and proposes ways of addressing them, including utilizing a smaller, more highly optimized amount of UPS2. Overall, three SC-based methods (PAI, SAF, and NSAF) yielded the best results because they struck a good balance between experimental performance and protein quantification.
Identification of Stage-related and Severity-Related Biomarkers and Exploration of Immune Landscape for Dengue by Comprehensive Analyses
Authors: Xiong Nan , Sun Qiangming
Published: December 2021

At present, there are still no specific therapeutic drugs and appropriate vaccines for Dengue. Therefore, it is very important to explore distinct clinical diagnostic indicators. In this study, we combined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen a stable and robust biomarker which can be used to distinguish three clinical stages of Dengue and severity of Dengue. CD38 can distinguish excellently Early Acute, Late Acute, Convalescent stages for Dengue patients, and ZNF595 can discriminate DHF from DF in whole acute stages. We also found that three clinical stages can be discriminated based on the fractions of Plasma cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, and Monocytes. In different clinical stages different immune cells function positively. Negative inhibition of viral replication based on Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), up-regulated autophagy genes and impairing immune system are potential reasons resulting in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
Characterising Penetrometer Tip Contact during Concrete Condition Assessment
Authors: Hall Richard , Stumpf Alex , Baji Avinash , Ross Robert , Barnett Dean
Published: December 2021

Concrete condition assessing penetrometers need to be able to distinguish between making contact with a hard (concrete) surface as opposed to a semi-solid (corroded concrete) surface. If a hard surface is mistaken for a soft surface, concrete corrosion may be over-estimated, with the potential for triggering unnecessary remediation works. Unfortunately, the variably-angled surface of a concrete pipe can cause the tip of a force-sensing tactile penetrometer to slip and thus to make this mistake. We investigated whether different shaped tips of a cylindrical penetrometer were better than others at maintaining contact with concrete and not slipping. We designed a range of simple symmetric tip shapes, controlled by a single superellipse parameter. We performed a finite element analysis of these parametric models in SolidWorks before machining in stainless steel. We tested our penetrometer tips on a concrete paver cut to four angles at 20∘ increments. The results indicate that penetrometers with a squircle-shaped steel tip (a=b=1,n=4) have the least slip, in the context of concrete condition assessment.
Intragenic Duplication of DMRT1 in a SRY-Negative Boy with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development
Authors: Bertini Veronica , Baldinotti Fulvia , Tyutyusheva Nina , Rosano Camillo , Cosini Cinzia , Caligo Adelaide Maria , Peroni Diego , Valetto Angelo , Bertelloni Silvano
Published: December 2021

Background. 46,XX disorders of sex development are rare. Approximately, 90% of XX males are SRY-positive, while testicular development in the absence of SRY takes place in a minority. Methods: A boy with 46,XX karyotype (SRY-negative; absence of SOX9 duplications) was investigated by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and Comparative Genomic Hybridization array (CGH-array). Results: The boy had normal male phenotype and normal prepubertal values of testicular hormones. He presented a heterozygous duplication of 49.626 bp, encompassing exons 2 and 3 of DMRT1. The result was arr[GRCh37] 9p24.3(845893_895518)x3. Since both breakpoints are harbored in the intronic regions, the duplication does not stop or shift the coding frame. Additional known pathogenic or uncertain variants in pro-testis gene cascade were not identified. Conclusions: This study report a boy with 46,XX testicular disorder of sex differentiation, showing a de novo partial intragenic duplication of DMRT1. This intragenic duplication may result in a gain of function, acting as primary pro-testis gene (or anti-ovary gene) in a 46,XX human foetus and permitting normal pre-pubertal endocrine testis function.
Finite-Element Modeling of Spontaneous Potential in an Axisymmetric Reservoir Model with Account of Its Shale Content
Authors: Epov Mikhail , Glinskikh Anastasia , Nechaev Oleg
Published: December 2021

(1) The article is devoted to the development of a theoretical and algorithmic basis for numerical modeling of the spontaneous potential method (SP) as applied to the study of sandy-argillaceous reservoirs. (2) In terms of coupled flows, we consider a physical-mathematical model of SP signals from an electrochemical source, with regard to the case of fluid-saturated shaly sandstone. (3) An algorithm for 2D finite-element modeling of SP signals was developed and implemented in software, along with its internal and external testing with analytical solutions. The numerical SP modeling was carried out, with determining the dependences on the reservoir thickness and porosity, the amount of argillaceous material and the type of minerals. We performed a comparative analysis of the simulated and field SP data, using the results of laboratory core examinations taken from wells in a number of fields in the Latitudinal Ob Region of Western Siberia. (4) The results of the study may be used either for the development of the existing SP techniques, by providing them with a consistent computational model, or for the design of new experimental approaches.
Functionalization of Biphenylcarbazole (CBP) with Siloxane-hybrid Chains for Solvent-Free Liquid Materials
Authors: Shaya Janah , Correia Gabriel , heinrich Benoit , Ribierre Jean-Charles , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Mager Loïc , Méry Stéphane
Published: December 2021

We report herein the synthesis of siloxane-functionalized CBP molecules (4,4’-bis(carbazole)-1,1′-biphenyl) for liquid optoelectronic applications. The room-temperature liquid state is obtained through a convenient functionalization of the molecules with heptamethyltrisiloxane chains via hydrosilylation of alkenyl spacers. The synthesis comprises screening of metal-catalyzed methodologies to introduce alkenyl linkers into carbazoles (Stille and Suzuki Miyaura cross-couplings), incorporate the alkenylcarbazoles to dihalobiphenyls (Ullmann coupling), and finally introduce the siloxane chains. The used conditions allowed the synthesis of the target compounds, despite the high reactivity of the alkenyl moieties bound to π-conjugated systems toward undesired side reactions such as polymerization, isomerization, and hydrogenation. The features of these solvent-free liquid CBP derivatives make them potentially interesting for fluidic optoelectronic applications.
Neutrosophic Chromatic Number Based on Connectedness
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: December 2021

New setting is introduced to study chromatic number. vital chromatic number and n-vital chromatic number are proposed in this way, some results are obtained. Classes of neutrosophic graphs are used to obtains these numbers and the representatives of the colors. Using colors to assign to the vertices of neutrosophic graphs is applied. Some questions and problems are posed concerning ways to do further studies on this topic. Using vital edge from connectedness to define the relation amid vertices which implies having different colors amid them and as consequences, choosing one vertex as a representative of each color to use them in a set of representatives and finally, using neutrosophic cardinality of this set to compute vital chromatic number. This specific relation amid edges is necessary to compute both vital chromatic number concerning the number of representative in the set of representatives and n-vital chromatic number concerning neutrosophic cardinality of set of representatives. If two vertices have no vital edge, then they can be assigned to same color even they’ve common edge. Basic familiarities with neutrosophic graph theory and graph theory are proposed for this article.
Experimental Methodology to Find the Center of Gravity of a Solid
Authors: Je Joohoon , Jekal Eunsung
Published: December 2021

The center of gravity of a three-dimensional object found through an experimental method can be made easier and faster than when calculating the movement manually in order to make the movement in computer graphic images look more natural. In addition, in various sports such as skating, the score can be increased by appropriately moving the position of the center of gravity. Lastly, it is expected that it can be used even when the performance is high in the manufacturing process to increase the stability and speed of various means of transportation (eg, automobiles, airplanes, etc.).