bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of Sumatran Fault Zone in Tanggamus District, Lampung based on GPS Displacement and SRTM Data
Authors: Alif S M , Ardiansyah M I , Wiyono S
Published: August 2020

One of sources of earthquakes in Lampung Province is southern segment of Sumatran fault. The fault is used as consideration in generating hazard map which source comes from stress accumulation of crust which can be obtained by measurement of points in surface. Determining fault location is important for sustainable development in Lampung Province. Southern segment of Sumatran fault stretched on Kota Agung – capital of Tanggamus District, one of the cities with the oldest civilization in Lampung Province. The sedimentation of Kota Agung causes the delineation of Sumatran Fault Zone by using Digital Terrain Model conducted on previous research had flaw. GPS Displacement Data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Data and seismic activity are used as tools to determine the location of fault. SRTM Data has 30 meter resolution and measured in 2018. Seismic activity used in this research is obtained from USGS from last 100 years and is used as support data to determine whether the fault delineated with SRTM and GPS displacement is active. GPS displacement is derived from GPS coordinates measured periodically from 2006 to 2019. Displacement used in this research is horizontal displacement since Sumatran Fault is known as strike-slip fault that move on horizontal plane. The result resembles previous research. Location that has the highest possibility of Sumatran Fault Zone segmentation is identified as Sumatran Fault Zone segmentation on previous research named as West Semangko Fault, and East Semangko Fault, respectively. The only fault earthquakes occurred on location which is not identified Sumatran Fault Zone segmentation on previous research.
The Study of Sedimentation at Jongkong Reservoir in District Central of Bangka through Erosion of Catchment Area
Authors: Maini Miskar , Mashuri
Published: August 2020

Jongkong reservoir creates a reservoir of water that is used for the purposes of raw water as fundamental media for improvement of drinking water production especially at dry season for the District of Koba. The advantage of being able to hold water in wet season and releasing it in dry season will be detained if the life storage of the reservoir can be utilized effectively, but sedimentation problem will decrease its volume which can influence the life time of reservoir. Finally the reservoir becomes less effective, so it is very important to study. The method which is used to predict an average erosion rate in the catchment area considers factors of rain erosivity, soil erodibility, ground inclination of slope or slope length, management of crop and land, soil conservation. Calculation was done by using the USLE equation (Universal Soil Loss Equation) which was developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1965, 1978). From this research result, the prediction of surface erosion rate in the basin catchment area in the year 2019 is equal to 53.20 mm/year or equivalent with 62,491.92 m3/year, and the value of Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) is equal to 32,28 %. The number of material which eroded is equal to 957.59 Ton/Ha/year so it is classified into the medium erosion class category. The dead storage of 5% of the the volume of the reservoir cage will be fully charged in the year 2022 or for 3 The next year and the total volume of the reservoir Ridge will be full of sediment in the year 2062 or 43 years.
Photoionization model of Novae V5668 Sgr based on Optical Spectroscopic Observations at Bosscha Observatory
Authors: Muztaba Robiatul , Malasan Hakim L. , Arai Akira
Published: August 2020

Novae V5668 Sgr spectra that have been observed at Bosscha Observatory on June 12, June 23 and August 15, 2015 using the NEO-R1000 spectrograph attached to the C-11 telescope showed that it has been entered the nebular phase. We will present the results of photoionization modelling using CLOUDY from observations of the Novae V5668 Sgr. The results of this modelling show that the spectrum profile matches fairly to the observations. Emission line features such as Hα, [O I] λ 6300, 6364 Å, [O II] λ 7320 Å, [O III] λ 5007 Å, [N II] λ 5755 Å, and Fe II λ 4924, 5169, 5317, 6149 Å on the observed spectra are also well formed and represented by the model.
Identification Distribution of Hot Spring in Cisarua Using Magnetic Method
Authors: Santoso Nono Agus , Rizki Reza , Hakim Rendra Aditya , Ashuri Wijayanti
Published: August 2020

Lampung is one of the provinces which have hot spring resource. One of the unique hot springs in Lampung is Cisarua hot spring. Its location is far from volcanic which makes researcher curious with the system of hot spring from Cisarua. Based on the geology map, the location of hot spring is in Lampung Panjang Fault. The aim of this research is to know about type, zone and distribution of hot spring. The method used in this research is magnetic method with combined geochemistry. From geochemical analysis, the type of hot spring in Cisarua is bicarbonate water. It correlates with outflow and shallow zone. Based on 3D modelling of low magnetic anomaly, distribution of hot water is in Center and Southeast research area. Hot water is interpreted by low anomaly.
Expected Characteristics and Features of a Decision-Making Framework for Infrastructure Project Selection: A Structured Thematic Analysis of Interview Data
Authors: Hansen Seng , Too Eric , Le Tiendung
Published: August 2020

As the largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia faces various challenges in accelerating infrastructure development. One of these challenges is related to the selection of infrastructure projects that are increasingly stringent considering the continuing growth of infrastructure projects. This paper focuses on issues related to the development of a Decision-Making Framework (DMF) for infrastructure project selection. In order to develop a good DMF, expected characteristics and features must be understood. Thus, this paper aims to identify these expected DMF characteristics and features through a qualitative approach. Twenty semi-structured expert interviews were conducted and analysed based on a structured thematic analysis to identify four key DMF characteristics and three groups of DMF features. These identifications are an important effort in developing a DMF so that it can be fully utilized and well-functioned. Finally, this paper reflects the current expectations in developing a good DMF for infrastructure project selection.
Study of aerosol content based on spectrophotometric observations: A comparison with long-term extinction profile from photometric observations
Authors: Malasan Hakim L , Prabowo D A , Adhyaqsa A , Rabbani M Rafif , Puspitarini Lucky , Aprilia
Published: August 2020

Spectroscopic observations of standard stars (spectrophotometric) have been carried out at Bosscha Observatory ITB (latitude= 6°49′28″ S, longitude= 107°36′56″ E, altitude=1310 m) using the Celestron C-11 reflector (D=11 inches, F/10.0), equipped with NEO R-1000 spectrograph (Resolution of 1000), and ST-8XME CCD camera to deduce total atmospheric extinction curve. Spectrograms were reduced with the long-slit task in the Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (IRAF). The total extinction curve obtained from observation is decomposed into three main components, i.e. Rayleigh scattering, Ozone and water vapor absorptions, and extinction by aerosol. The extinction profile by Aerosol serves as an important indication on size and distribution of particulates as the main constituent of atmospheric pollutant. This pollutant can be resulted from natural process or anthropogenic activities. The behavior of atmospheric extinction over Bosscha Observatory based on long-term astronomical photometric database (1982-1993) was previously studied by one of us in 1993. In this study we analyze new data and study the dynamics of atmosphere by comparing our recent result with that from long-term photometric observations to indicate variation of degree of atmospheric turbidity, particulate size and its distribution over the atmosphere. We recommend that long-term regular based spectrophotometry at an Observatory is imperative as an effective means to gain our insight on atmospheric dynamic.
Measuring Staff Availability in Public Transport: The Case Study of Tyne and Wear Metro
Authors: Chairuasni I R
Published: August 2020

Despite its importance, the definition of staff availability and the components affecting staff availability are still unclear for public transport users. This paper investigates how public transport users define staff availability and the elements related to it. The case study for this paper is Tyne and Wear Metro. The method chosen in this paper was the focus group discussion to give more in-depth explanations from users. The focus group discussions generated keywords, which then are analyzed by its recurrence and emphasis. Based on the findings, this paper has found the definition of staff availability as the combined attributes of staff presence and quality. This paper also has identified the components of staff availability, and the most significant element is staff presence.
Determination of Slip Surface Using 2D Geoelectric Resistivity Method and Laboratory Analysis for Landslide Prone Area Pesawaran, Lampung
Authors: Permanasari Ikah N P , Ipmawan Vico L , Khairuman Endi
Published: August 2020

Padang cermin sub district is the only access to beach tourism in Pesawaran District, which is the main tourist destination in Lampung. Along Padang cermin road consists of cliffs and hills that are vulnerable to landslides. so it is necessary to study the vulnerability of landslides in the area. 2D geoelectric measurements have been carried out in the Padang cermin area to find out the resistivity values that can be used to determine the land that makes up the slope and the skid plane. From the measurement results it is found that in the Padang cermin area there are five layers of soil in a row namely clay, clay sand, Alluvium, Sandstones and limestone. Slip surface area is at the boundary between the fourth and fifth layers at a depth of 39m.
Application 4D Resistivity Method for Determining Effect of Water Content; Case Study ITERA Campus
Authors: Rizka  , Satiawan Soni , Saputra Hendra
Published: August 2020

This is a study of the application of the time lapse resistivity method (4D resistivity) to analyze the dynamics of the movement of subsurface fluids (ground water). This study used to analyze the decline in the ground water table due to differences in the rainy and dry seasons. The 4D resistivity study was conducted at the ITERA campus in June (rainy season) and September (dry season). The resistivity method used Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) with the Wenner Alpha configuration. Data acquisition uses 36 simultaneous channel with ARES Multichannel and Multielectrode resistivity meters instrument with length is 385 meters. Based on the first measurement (rainy season), it was found an unconfined aquifer layer with a moderate resistivity value (11 – 80 Ω.m) which was assumed to be tuffaceous sandstone at a depth of 11 – 35 m. Whereas in the second measurement (dry season), it was found an unconfined aquifer layer with a moderate resistivity value (11 - 80 Ω.m) which was assumed to be tuffaceous sandstone at a depth of 11-28 m. Based on the results of time lapse inversion processing, it is found that the change in resistivity for the two sets of data almost the same at all measurement points, except at certain points, which shows a greater percentage. This shows the change in resistivity values if measured at different times. This difference is due to the absorption of rainwater by the surface which then migrates into the inner layer.
Urban Gravity Measurements for the Subsurface Mapping; Case Study Kaliawi
Authors: Rizka  , Agustina Lea Kristi , Mazmuloh Hot
Published: August 2020

Gravity method is a passive geophysical method that can measure and obtain subsurface models based on rock density. Gravity method can be done in urban areas to obtain information about subsurface model as a reference in making urban policies related to disaster mitigation and urban development based on earth potential. Gravity research was conducted in Kaliawi, Bandar Lampung. Kaliawi has many problems including dense settlements and slums, areas prone to floods and landslides and has limited availability of fresh water. Based on the Complete Bouguer Anomaly results, the western area of Kaliawi has a low anomaly (36.8 – 38.2 mGal) with lithology of sandy-clay sedimentary rocks. Whereas the eastern area of Kaliawi has a high anomaly (38.4 – 40.8 mGal) with tuff lithology and can be bedrock. Based on the gravity anomaly and lithology, the western area of Kaliawi is a landslide area and recharge area while the eastern area of Kaliawi is good for settlement because it has bedrock.
The Diversity, Distribution and Feeding Guild of Mammals and Birds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) Landscape
Authors: Tohir Rizki Kurnia , Sitanggang Fajar Islam , Sutiawan Riki
Published: August 2020

ITERA was established in 2014 and caused a landscape conversion from a rubber plantation into a construction area. Changes in a landscape usually affect wildlife biodiversity such as mammals and birds. The objective of this research is to identify and to determine the diversity, distribution, and feeding guilds of mammal and bird species. A survey of mammals and birds in the ITERA landscape has conducted between April and September 2019. This research used line transect and trapping method for mammals. The combination of point count and transect method used for birds observation. ITERA Landscape divided into six transects. This research found three species mammals belonging to three families. C. notatus only found in rubber stands. 67% of terrestrial mammals and all feeding guilds are omnivorous. This research found 814 encounters of birds consisting of 28 species belonging to 18 families. Species with the highest dominance are Lonchura punctulata, and the dominant family is Ardeidae. Elanus caeruleus and Ardea alba are a protected species which stated in Indonesia regulation. The transect that has the highest species richness is transect 6 with 22 species, and transect 1 with 21 species. The highest stratification used for foraging of birds community is terrestrial, and the highest feeding guild is insectivorous.
Identification of Permeability Level by using Fault Fracture Density Analysis and Landsat 8 OLI at Ulubelu Geothermal Area
Authors: Iqbal M , Juliarka B R
Published: August 2020

Ulubelu geothermal field is located approximately 125 km at the west of Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province. Currently, the Ulubelu geothermal prospect has been developed as a geothermal power plant with 220 MW installed capacity. Ulubelu geothermal field began to operate since 2012 with the first capacity of 3x55 MW which has a temperature of 265°C with 1,160 kg/kJ average enthalpy and developed as water dominated system with single flash system technology. This research analyzes fault fracture density in the area to study the area which can potentially have high permeability or fracture by using remote sensing data (digital elevation map) to delineate the lineaments which can be observed at Ulubelu and surrounding. This research is also used Landsat 8 OLI data to determine the vegetation level of the Ulubelu area. The result of the analysis shows that there are three potential areas to be the recharge area, west of Mt. Pematang Sulah, west of Mt. Rendingan, and north of Mt. Rendingan. The recharge area should be preserved to maintain the geothermal system in the Ulubelu area.
Usability Evaluation of KAI Access Application
Authors: Didin Fatin Saffanah , Valentino Fandy
Published: August 2020

The Government of Indonesia develops some distribution of transportation especially land transportation, i.e. train. This transportation only available in Java Island, but now available in Sumatra Island. The existence of this train was supported by the development of the Industry 4.0 which is train tickets purchased by Applications that can minimize cash payment, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of customers. User ratings for KAI Access Application on Google Playstore is not good enough, there are still a lot of users who give complaints and bad ratings on this Application. From the data, there is a usability issue in this application. The purpose of this research is to evaluate KAI Access application with a usability approach in Sumatera Island which can be used as a basis for Increase performance of KAI Access application after comparing with Java Island users. This evaluation using a usability approach with the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, mapping complaints and task completion time for user performance. The result of this research are alternatives to improve this application such as redesign interface for home page and improvement of the database. Positive correlation is found between type of user (novice and expert) and origin of user (Java and Sumatra) where results show significant difference.
Design Methods of Detecting Atrial Fibrillation Using the Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm on the Arduino AD8232 ECG Module
Authors: Soaduon Simanjuntak Jonathan Eprilio , Khodra Masayu Leylia , Tosima Manullang Martin Clinton
Published: August 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is part of a type of heart disease characterized by a rhythmic irregular heartbeat. AF conditions that occur continuously can potentially cause a stroke for sufferers. The method of reading and detecting the possibility of AF is needed to prevent the risk of stroke due to AF. In this research, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) method is used in classifying electrocardiogram readings to obtain accuracy in the assessment of AF. The data information used in the study was obtained from physicians who were the bases of ECG result image data, and data information was also obtained by implementing directly through a simple and low-cost ECG using Arduino AD8232 to test user information directly related to AF conditions at the user’s heart. RNN method that is tested can obtain more accurate accuracy values in detecting AF heart rate abnormalities, and the Arduino AD8232 module can be a good ECG in reading low-cost but high-accuracy heart records.
Recommendation System for Wedding Service Organizer using Content-Boosted Collaborative Filtering Methods
Authors: Kesuma Rahman Indra , Iqbal Amirul
Published: August 2020

The utilization of smartphones that grow continuously is as a result of the changing lifestyle from the peoples in the growing digital world era. This condition can be seen on the large penetration of smartphones in half of the world society. The high smartphones utilization can increase the chance of many businesses, especially in online businesses that are used for promotions and transactions. The efficient and effective process become the main issues in technology development. One example is to meet the needs of wedding services in online business, which most users still have difficulties or need more time in finding the product as desired. Therefore, a recommendation system concept is applied in this research that is able to help the process of product promotion or searching specifically related to new products and involve new users. The content-boosted collaborative filtering method is used in these systems that is implement two previous methods, namely content-based that is used to form a full product rating matrix by a user, while collaborative filtering is used to make recommendations. Based on the experimental results that the system can recommend with 69% accuracy and helpful especially for newly added items or newly registered users.
Design of Energy Harvesting System Based on Building Integrated Photovoltaic at Academic Building ITERA
Authors: Friansa Koko , Asri Rishal , Rozana Monna , Soelami FX Nugroho
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a solar energy harvesting with the integrated grid system is designed at rooftop of Academic Building Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA; latitude: -5.360091, longitude: 105.315441). The produced energy from solar energy harvesting in yearly was simulated using PVSyst. The solar energy harvesting consists of a photovoltaic array with nominal power 136 kWp and inverter system with nominal power 120 kWac. Total of producing useful energy 3.4 kWh/kWp/day. The energy loss in this system was reported due to the temperature effect, photovoltaic module quality loss, and inverter loss. The total of energy loss from an energy harvesting system reached 1.06 kWh/kWp/day. The performance ratio was found to be 0.763.
Modeling Photovoltaic System on Parking Area Using East-West Racking
Authors: Asri Rishal , Friansa Koko
Published: August 2020

Parking lots are land that is always available in every building or office. There are only a small number of parking lots in the educational institution that has a top or roof cover that can protect parked vehicles such as rain and sun. The parking lot can be used to become a solar ground mount. This study uses satellite imaging and modelling in buildings to measure the potential of the energy produced. Solar PV in the parking lot in this study has an energy potential of 370.6 MWh per year, with the number of PV modules installed 818. Energy generated from solar PV in the parking lot can be used to support activities in the surrounding area.
Design Bluetooth Low Energy for Battery and Photovoltaic Monitoring at Solar Powered Street Lamp System
Authors: Friansa Koko , Iqbal Amirul , Rozana Monna
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we designed an electrical power monitoring system for PV, batteries, and lamps at solar powered street lamps based on wireless sensor network (WSN) system using Bluetooth Low Energy. The power monitoring system is low-cost and open platform technology. The WSN used tree and linear topologies for data transmission and both in terms of the type of sensors and the number of sensor nodes. The distance between sensor nodes about 40 m as standard of street lamp. The network design used 2 chains in tree topology and each chain have 5 hop or nodes. The WSN at solar powered street lamps is well suited for a wide variety of applications related to environmental monitoring, because solar powered street lamps spread into remote areas and use solar energy as a main power source.
Comparison of Solar Tracking and Solar Fix Mode on the Efficiency Electric Energy Generation Based on Microcontroller
Authors: Corio Dean , Ramadian Alvino , Sahlendar Asthan Rheyuniarto , Maria Ulfah Mia
Published: August 2020

A Solar tracker is a device that is powered by solar panels motors, aiming to adjust the position of the panel with the movement of the sun so that energy can be absorbed optimally. This study will compare the use of solar panels and solar trackers fix the model, so on getting the efficiency of each system. The test site is on the campus of the Institute of Technology of Sumatra. Prototype solar tracker is controlled using a microcontroller Arduino, ethernet shield as a liaison Arduino with local networks that can be connected to the web, the stepper motor is used as a driver, is equipped with a voltage sensor, current sensor, the sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) for parameter tracking the sun, solar charge controller as control the charging and battery as energy storage. Parameter solar energy tracker and fix displayed realtime models consist of the reading of voltage, current, and power in the form of a graph on a web monitoring. Calculation of energy that can be generated a model of solar tracker is the difference between the energy stored in the battery is reduced by the energy to activate the motor driver, so we get solar tracker models to use efficiency as compared to fixed models.
The effect of citric acid on chemical and physical characteristics of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) chili paste in retort packaging
Authors: Pangastuti H A , Permana L , Fitriani V , Mareta D T , Wahyuningtyas A
Published: August 2020

Andaliman chili paste is a condiment made from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) that widely consumed as traditional food in North Sumatera, Indonesia. With the aim to improve the shelf life of the products, this research was done as a preliminary evaluation to understand the effect of citric acid concentration to chemical and sensory characteristics of andaliman chili paste packed in retort. The study design was completely randomized design with three citric acid concentration, such as 0,1%; 0,3%; and 0,5% (b/v) with chili paste without citric acid as a control. The chemical and physical properties measured were moisture content, pH, water activity, and color. The result showed that addition of citric acid did not significantly affected (P > 0.05) pH and water activity. However, it revealed that moisture content and color parameter were significantly different (P < 0.05) among all the samples.
Measurement Method of Nanofibrils Length
Authors: Warji W , Purwanti N , Mardjan S S , Yuliani S
Published: August 2020

Nanofibril is a bio material in the form of fibrils and nano-sized. These fibrils can be made from protein; one of them is soy protein isolate (SPI). Nanofibrils can be used in the fields of food and medicine, for example, shells of microcapsules, food thickener, and food texture makers. To utilize this nanofibril need to know the characteristics of nanofibrils. One of the important characteristics of nanofibrils is the diameter and length of nanofibrils. Based on the shape of the fibrils that can be taken from the image with TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) visible irregular curved fibrils. Therefore we need a measurement method that can measure the length of the nanofibrils. One such method is to trace the image of the fibril and convert it to a certain scale. Methods that can be used to trace and measure the length of the curve are using the GDG Measure It to DRAW X4, X5, X6 which is nested in Corel DRAW X4 (Evaluation Version). Based on the results of calibration and trials show this method can be used to measure the length of nanofibrils with an error of about 0.17%.
Sensitivity analysis of nitrocellulose production from palm oil empty fruit bunches
Authors: Panjaitan Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan , Gozan Misri
Published: August 2020

Nitrocellulose as a propellant can be obtained using a nitration reaction of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (POEFBs). In this study, we examined the sensitivity analysis of nitrocellulose production from POEFBs based on POEFBs price, electricity price, nitrocellulose price, and production capacity. The results showed that economic evaluations without sensitivity analysis deviations produced NPV, IRR, PBP and ROI in the values of US$ 1,437,097, 18.36%, 4.51 years and 16.31%. The most influential variable in the sensitivity analysis of nitrocellulose production was nitrocellulose price and production capacity. On the other side, POEFBs price and electricity price did not significantly affect the sensitivity analysis of nitrocellulose production.
Tunable Schottky barrier height of ZnO films by Cu doping
Authors: Nurfani E , Kesuma W A P , Lailani A , Anrokhi M S , Kadja G T M , Rozana M , Sipahutar W S , Arif M F
Published: August 2020

Understanding a mechanism behind photosensitivity in oxide materials is important to realize future photodetector devices. We have studied electrical properties of ZnO:Cu (0-2.5 at.%) films deposited by a spray technique. Here, Ag-ZnO-Ag planar configuration was used to study the Schottky barrier. Using current-voltage (I-V) characterization, a significant increment in the photocurrent is observed in all samples, indicating a photosensitivity behavior. The Schottky barrier is clearly observed in the doped sample. The Cu concentration of 1.5 at.% show the highest Schottky barrier height (0.8 eV), which may be originated from carrier trapping under dark and carrier de-trapping under ultraviolet radiation. Thus, our result is essential to improve the functionality of ZnO for photodetector applications.
Antidiabetic Bioactivity Test Of Chromium(III) And Copper(II) Complex Compounds On Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Ambarwati Y , Septiani L , Bahri S , Yandri  , Hadi S , Kesumaningrum N D
Published: August 2020

The Chromium(III) complex compounds have been known to reduce glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to test the antidiabetic bioactivity of mice from the synthesis of complex compounds of Cr(III) and Cu(II) with amino acid alanine. The antidiabetic testing was carried out in vivo using alloxan-induced mice. Antidiabetic test results are expressed in %GL (Glucose Lowering) for Cr-alanine dose of 50 μg at 29.79%, dose of 100 μg at 37.13%, and a dose of 200 μg at 59.19%. Whereas at Cu-alanine dose of 50 μg was 25.39%, dose of 100 μg was 33.87%, and the dose of 200 μg was 54.96%. Antidiabetic tests show that the Cr-alanine complex compound is more effective in reducing blood glucose levels in mice compared with Cu-alanine.
The Role of Sustainable Development Approaches in Addressing Urban Tensions in Cities
Authors: Al-Khafagy Z. F. , Al-Hinkawi W. Sh.
Published: August 2020

In the stages of their development, cities become a grouping of different urban contexts as a result of development projects of all kinds, which generates, over time, spatial tensions at different levels and dimensions within cities in their different contexts.

Previous literature have pointed out the phenomenon of urban tension, between the existing systems and the process of withdrawing them towards sustainability, or as a result of globalization and rapid urbanization that brought with it many tensions and contradictions in urban environments. The research has classified these tensions into: economic, such as the effects of the recent global financial crisis; social tensions that have been exacerbated by persistent poverty and discrimination worldwide; migration pressures and social disintegration as a result of economic restructuring; and environmental tensions due to ecosystems threatened by uncontrolled flows of energy and waste. The research indicated the tension between any two entities during the development process, where the tension occurs between what is added and what is existing of urban systems. The research aims to clarify and explain the urban tension, its causes and manifestations, and to present global experiences to reach a comprehensive theoretical framework for sustainable development approaches and ways to activate them to address urban tension in local contexts to achieve sustainable, safe, and livable cities.
Urban Acupuncture, a Strategy for Development: Case Study of Al-Rusafa, Baghdad
Authors: Al-Hinkawi W. Sh. , Al-Saadi S. M.
Published: August 2020

City centres face many social and environmental challenges, such as environmental pollution, narrowing or lacking green spaces, low urban quality of life and loss of vitality. These challenges have brought calls for sustainable development. The strategy of urban acupuncture has emerged as a model and approach for developing third-generation cities. It combines the principles of urban design with the traditional medical theory of acupuncture: catalytic and energy-intensive interventions in the urban fabric regulate so-called “energy flows” (environmental, social, cultural and informational) within the city. The strategy transforms the scope of acupuncture into the larger urban context, as needles refresh the whole patient’s body through the healing of parts. Our research problem is the lack of a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms of acupuncture theory and its benefits in the context of city centres. To address the research problem, we built a comprehensive theoretical framework for the concept of acupuncture and the levels of intervention in general. We propose an acupuncture theory for revitalizing city centres in particular, which we then test and apply in a part of the historical Rusafa Center in Baghdad City.
Economic revitalization of historical paths, Analytical study of the tourist attraction property
Authors: Khalaf R A , Abbas S S
Published: August 2020

Historical Paths suffer from negligence for a long time as a result of inappropriate interventions, the miss use of unsuitable activities and the loss of public space, which took away their tourist attraction. The research problem is represented by “the absence of obvious vision about the role of economic revitalization mechanisms as a type of sustainable revitalization in tourist attraction for the historical paths”. The aim of this paper is to revitalize the historical paths and makes them tourist hubs, while these paths suffer from a physical and economic obsolescence. As well as building a theoretical framework about economic revitalization and its relation to tourist attraction property. The research hypothesis is that “the mechanisms of economic revitalization have a role in achieving the tourist attraction of historical paths, preparing and activating them to become effective and attractive historical tourist paths”. The current study adopted the descriptive analytic methodology in describing and analyzing a selected sample (the path of Suq Al-Safafeer). The research finds that the mechanisms of economic revitalization (such as the density of lands using, functional diversity, functional regeneration and redirecting cultural and artistic activities) played a role in achieving tourist attraction for the historical paths. The research emphasized that economic revitalization can lead to activate these paths if it was invested in sustainable way.
Semi-alive architecture “from healing to self-healing in architecture”
Authors: Kadhom Ghassan Ibrahim , Jaafar Ali Mohsen
Published: August 2020

Buildings are exposed to external factors, time factor, and usage during their operational life that their sustainability, toughness, and shape get affected negatively. Those factors also reduce the reliability of building materials and technologies used in them since buildings are lifeless being and they don’t possess the properties of living beings. For decades, scientists tried to transform the properties of living beings to various science fields such as computing, architecture, and others. One of the most important properties is the ability of living beings to heal from damage and to resist external factors. The concept of healing in architecture refers to developing maintenance and preservation techniques but they remain traditional and don’t evolve to the concept of sustainability. Therefore, more attention has been given to making buildings possess self-healing property and making them sustainable so that they last for the most possible period while reducing maintenance costs and preserving them. Hence, this study is concerned with “the problem of the absence of a complete knowledgeable vision of the self-healing concept in architecture and that of transferring the properties of this concept from living beings to architecture”, while the object of the study “is to transform buildings from being dead to being semi-alive those can specify and fix damage by themselves, so they can renew themselves or resist external factors”. In order to achieve its objective, this study have taken the concept of healing in general and particularity in architecture form various angles, from the effects of healing on the user or the environment and also the effect on the building itself, to recommending traditional methods of maintenance, renovation, and rehabilitation to achieve healing. Also, the study was concerned with self-healing concept in general and how to achieve it in architecture with the aid of technological advancements via surveillance systems of the structural health, developments in building materials, self-assembly, and renewal and how it affected the designers’ design strategy and philosophy. A comparison was also made between healing and self-healing methodologies in order to achieve sustainability in architecture before finishing the study with conclusions.
The Effect of Smart Low Emission Glass Material on Reducing Energy Consumption for Office Building in Hot Arid Climate
Authors: Taha Hiyam Siham , Hassan Susan Abed
Published: August 2020

There were massive innovations in the field of buildings materials at the beginning of the new millennium especially in the field of smart materials. There were many literatures that searched on the role of the smart materials on reduce energy consumption for buildings. This research problem that there was no obvious studies about the effect of smart low emission glass material on reducing energy consumption for office buildings in Baghdad city as an example for hot aired climate cities. Software simulations were used to comparatively estimate the energy performance model for an office building (Baghdad University office tower) after replace the glass of windows with low emission glass. The results showed that reduce of energy consumption reached to 11% as compared to typical type of glass materials.
Automation in architecture and its effect on the regeneration of traditional buildings: Al-Shawi House as a case study
Authors: Al-Tameemi Osamah Abdulmunem , Toma Tara A.
Published: August 2020

The increased applications of technology in the field of architecture, especially digital technology and aspects of automation, have made a major impact on various aspects of local architecture, especially the traditional ones. As these technologies have succeeded in integrating many technological applications in many traditional and heritage buildings and taking them to more complex uses. And included in it characteristics that were not contained, therefore the research problem was concentrated in the absence of a holistic view of the role of the aspects of automation as a technological and design effect and its mutual effects on traditional buildings (especially the traditional Baghdadi houses), in terms of their foundations, indicators and use aspects, where the research aims to apply the characteristics of automation from Through the complementarity of its features, and an attempt to formulate new traditional local architectural text strategically rooted by the technology. This contributes to the advancement of the declining reality of selected models of Baghdadi houses and the attempt to elevate the architecture and use of them through the use of the effects of automation in them. Communication between the past, present and future towards creating a building with a new spirit.
Evaluation of curriculum quality in Architectural Academic Program, Case Study - Outcomes of Architectural Academic Program – (graduates Architects)
Authors: Rizco Nawfal Josef , Yousif Sajjad Yaqoob
Published: August 2020

The objective of the study was to evaluate the course of the Academic Program Architect of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nahrain in light of international quality standards and your failure by revealing the availability of international quality standards in the architectural academic curriculum. The problem of the study was the extent to which the academic curriculum included international quality standards. In order to achieve the objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method to evaluate the quality of the academic curricula and their vocabulary (knowledge - skill - ability) for developing the efficiency of the academic director. This is done by acquiring a characterization that meets the requirements of the reality of the architectural practice. In addition, the graduate architect through the learning outcomes targeted to the Department of Architecture at the University of Nahrain. A range Results and conclusions have been reached.
Sustainability of Sovereign Buildings in Mesopotamian Civilization
Authors: Al Yaseen Elaf Hasan , Ashour Ammar S , Al-Alwan Hoda A. S.
Published: August 2020

The pattern of sovereign buildings has emerged within the course of the history of architecture around the world and through the succession of civilizations since ancient times. The planning and designing foundations of these buildings were mainly affected by the diverse ruling authorities and differed according to the successive systems of government. The main thing that distinguishes most of the designs of this style of building is their sustainability through the materials used in its construction as a means of perpetuation throughout the ages, constantly marking the eternity of its rulers. The lack of knowledge in previous literature in the field of Architecture about the role of materials and technologies in achieving sustainable sovereign buildings in Mesopotamian civilization, constitutes the main research problem. The aim of the present paper is thus defined as arriving at the establishment of a theoretical framework by which are determined the main principles and mechanisms of materials’ choice and techniques utilized in different eras of ancient Iraqi architecture, to finally benefit from the past experiences to attain sustainable sovereign buildings today and in the future.

The research results confirm the role of the ruling authority (priests and rulers) in the choice of materials and techniques, as a prominent contribution in achieving sustainability and eternity in sovereign buildings of Mesopotamian civilization.
The role of social sustainability in reviving heritage buildings in the city of Baghdad after crises
Authors: Fadhil Halah Issa , Ashour Ammar Salih
Published: August 2020

Heritage buildings are an important part of human achievement and city memory, as well as being a cornerstone of the cultural heritage of societies. The City of Baghdad has a rich legacy of heritage buildings that represent various historical periods, which the city has gone through and reflect a place identity and its local communities. These buildings have suffered from cognitive negligence, their importance and poor maintenance during the past decades, as well as the demolitions of many parts of them and their exposure to various types of deterioration, especially during and after the conflicts and crises that the city of Baghdad has gone through. This research explains the role of social sustainability in reviving the heritage of the existing buildings in the City of Baghdad, in particular after crises times. It also discusses the role of social sustainability, based on activities, in revitalising the heritage of buildings by generating new human activities in and around these buildings; this can improve the communication between the social groups and influence their spatial distribution and interaction around the buildings and thus explore buildings’ identity. The aim of this study is to identify appropriate strategies of social sustainability relied on creative new human activities achieved the revival and restoration local cultural identities of the buildings’ heritage. Methods were included the study case approach, Lynch building in Al-Rashid Street, and applying a set of new creative human activities to meet the revitalization. Findings have concluded a clear development for urban development, based on sustainable social patterns of human activities, that enhance the physical, spatial, and cultural identities of buildings’ heritage.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow over Submerged Dams
Authors: Shehab Fatin Mahmoud , Jasim Sulaiman Dawood
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the hydraulic characteristics of two types of submerged dams, where a standard submerged dam and another one supported by an oblique plane with an angle of (16°) constructed with the channel surface. A total of 30 experiments were carried out and 5 discharges for each of the above models were tested. The changes in Froude number (Fr), the length of the hydraulic jump, the distance of the hydraulic jump away from the origin (Dj) in addition to the comparison of the percentage of flow dissipation of energy for the two cases have been studied. The results showed have been indicate a significant changes in the length values of the hydraulic jump (Lj), the distance of the hydraulic jump from the origin (Dj), in addition an increase in the percentage of flow dissipation (E%) when adding the oblique plane to the submerged dam. The two models have been verified based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics to evaluate values for the required variables(E%, Lj, Dj,…) then theoretical and practical results are compared to show the agreement between them. the obtained results exhibit a good compatibility for most cases, especially for the first model where the compatibility ratio of the discharge and the rate of flow dissipation is up to 95% for the standard submerged dam. A compatibility of 97% also has been obtained for the relation between Froude number (Fr) and percentage of flow dissipation E (%) between theoretical and practical laboratory calculations of the above model.
Experimental Comparative Study of Effect of Different Additive Materials on Concrete Mix Alkalinity and Heat Generation
Authors: Fayadh Omer Khalid , Qasim Ola Adel , Farhan Omar Shamal
Published: August 2020

There are different methods to minimize the evolution of heat in concrete. Since the cement is the main component that generates heat, the first procedure may be to reduce its quantities by replacing cement with fine materials that do not release heat during its reaction. This paper studies the influence of different additives (fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin) to the concrete mixture with different ratios of (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%) by weight of cement, with different parameters study, were presented, including impact of additives on (compressive strength, alkalinity, heat of hydration with fixed w/c ratio of 0.35, initial setting time, final setting time and impact of w/c ratio on heat of hydration with three w/c ratio of (0.3, 0.35 and 0.4)). The water cementations materials ratio was kept steady at (0.35). The heat of hydration measurement was carried out under isothermal constrain(25±0.1C°). Thermocouples were utilized to evaluate the heat of hydration of concrete by stating time from 0 to 24 hours and measured by a thermoelectric device. Concrete cubes with dimensions 100×100×100 mm for compressive strength test were used and examined at the time of 28 days, using different mix proportions resulted from different percentages of cement additives, to perform the compressive strength test. The results revealed that the Portland cement heat of hydration is retarded in the presence of additives. The decrease in pH of the concrete mix before casting and molding affects the early hydration and strength but improves the later age concrete properties.
Numerical Study of Specially Shaped Slender RC Columns under Compressive Load
Authors: Abdualrahman Safaa Qays , Al-Zuhairi Alaa Hussein
Published: August 2020

In most Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings, the cross-section size of rectangular columns that conventionally used in these structures is larger than the thickness of their partitions. Consequently, a part of the column is protruded out of the wall which has some architectural disadvantages. Reducing the column size by using high strength concrete will result in slender column, thus the stability problem may be occurred. The stability problem is difficult to be overcome with rectangular columns. This paper study the effectiveness of using new types of columns called Specially Shaped Reinforced Concrete (SSRC) columns. Besides, the use of SSRC columns provides many structural advantages when compared with traditional rectangular columns. This research was conducted to study the structural behavior of slender SSRC columns via nonlinear finite element analysis using Abaqus program. The study based on twenty-four RC column specimens of the same cross-sectional area and different shapes and Slenderness Ratios (SR). The results showed that the use of SSRC columns led to improve the strength by about 12% and reduce deformations as compared with the square-shaped specimen. However, the columns individually exhibited almost the same trend of decreasing the strength with increasing in SR. In general, a maximum loss in strength of about 10% was found when the SR increased to 40 and 35% for columns with SR of 80. Two design approaches were proposed to evaluate the strength of SSRC columns under concentric loading. The results obtained show a good structural response of SSRC columns as compared with square-shaped columns.