bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malicious Code Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Information Enhancement Algorithms
Authors: Yi Fangzhou , Lv Shengkai , He Peng , Hu Yvhang , Zeng Cheng
Published: December 2022

With the increasing proliferation of malicious code, the camouflage of malicious code is more difficult to cope with. Traditional malicious code detection techniques based on byte comparison have limited accuracy. Detection techniques based on traditional machine learning are highly dependent on feature selection, and the quality of the classifier directly affects the detection results; this increases the difficulty of accurately distinguishing the types of malicious code. To address these problems, a deep neural network-based malicious code detection method is proposed in this work. First, the code binary file is transformed into a corresponding gray-scale image, and then the enhanced RGBA image is formed by using an image enhancement scheme based on information entropy and code file structure. Afterwards, a convolutional neural network is used. The network extracts high-dimensional features of the enhanced code image, detects the malicious code, and classifies the malicious code. The experimental results show that the proposed method distinguishes malicious code with 98.83% detection accuracy. Its classification accuracy is 97.74% (with positive samples) and 98.85% (without positive samples). These high levels of accuracy are suitable for current complex and changeable malicious code environments, and can provide a new solution for the current malicious code detection field.
Failure Analysis of Ship-Borne Mast Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Yang Zhongyuan , Zhang Henglei
Published: December 2022

A large number of ship-borne mast failure accidents show that fatigue damage is the biggest hidden danger of mast structure. This paper analyzed the major failure factors and prevention method of girth weld fracture of a mast based on finite element method and test method. The results show that the structure where stiffeners are welded to the base of the mast retain high levels of welding residual stress, and therefore, reduce fatigue resistance of the mast. Furthermore, multi-directional wind loading can lead to the stress exceeding the fatigue strength in the girth weld area of the mast which promote initiation of fatigue crack. The effect of the thickness of the mast on the stress level of the mast is analyzed, and the results show that increasing the thickness of the mast can effectively reduce the stress level in the girth weld area, that is, the stiffness of the mast structure increases. The finite element analysis is validated by comparing the results of finite element calculation results and tests.
Confidence Evaluation Algorithm of Aerospace Software Based on Deep Auto-Encoding Network
Authors: Zhang Ben , Yao Tianwen , Zhang Zhi , Peng Jun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a software confidence evaluation model based on software fault tree analysis and deep auto-encoding network is established to calculate the confidence of rocket fire control software. First, a fault tree is established accroding to the common architecture of rocket fire control software, and a metric set for rocket fire control software is constructed. Second, an autoencoder is used to perform feature dimension reduction and confidence estimation on historical data, so as to calculate top-event occurrence rate, that is, the probability of the software failure. Finally, an example analysis of the propoded method was carried out, and compared the rusults with the results of the traditional exponential model. The case study show that the confidence evaluation model established in this paper is effective, which can be used for the confidence evaluation of rocket fire control software in the engineering development process. And it can also be extended to other types of software.
Analysis and Optimization of Coil Loss in Mobile Phone Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Sun Qianyu , Chen Wei , Zeng Yu
Published: December 2022

In the mobile phone wireless power transfer (WPT) system with magnetic core, the loss caused by the magnetic core and winding is the central part of the system loss. Among them, the core loss is mainly related to magnetic materials, working frequency, magnetic flux density and other factors in the core; The winding loss is mainly related to the current flowing through the winding and the resistance of the winding. In this paper, it analyses the influence of the working frequency, the number of turns, the number of strands of Litz wire and different turn-width of the winding on the loss of the system. Finally, according to the analysis results, the coils within the allowable range of working frequency and current of transmitting and receiving coils are made to verify the feasibility of the optimization scheme. The simulation and experimental results show that the coil loss of the optimized scheme will be reduced under the condition that the current and phase flowing into the coils are equal.
Robust Optimal Investment and Reinsurance Strategy Under Related Conditions
Authors: Liu Luyao , Lu Yuhua
Published: December 2022

We know that society is the sum of human relations. Similarly, in the insurance industry, we should also consider the impact of various factors on the decision-making of the insurance company. The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal investment-reinsurance strategy of the insurer when it is closer to the real economic environment and considering the relationship between insurance market and financial market. In addition, this paper assumes that the risk model considered by the insurance company is uncertain. So based on the risk model of ambiguity aversion, the optimal problem is found and the corresponding HJB equation is derived by using the relevant knowledge and theories of mathematics, actuarial science, economics and probability theory. Finally, this paper will give some suggestions on how to make the company more satisfied with reinsurance and investment strategy.
An Optimization Model of Dam Water Resources Dynamic Scheduling
Authors: Zeng Xiaoying , Song Yili , Zhou Jingming
Published: December 2022

Since the water resources of Glen Canyon and Hoover Dam are not properly allocated and the drought conditions in the Colorado River Basin are gradually increasing, it is important to develop a reasonable water resources allocation plan for the present and future. A multi-dam joint dynamic operation model (MJDM) is introduced to study the dynamic water supply and power supply problem of the dams. Based on the dynamic simulation of combined operation of dams for water and electricity supply, we develop a multi-objective optimization model to solve the competitive scheduling problem of water and hydropower resources and provide a reasonable dynamic water resource allocation plan decision. We use simulated annealing algorithm(SA) to find out our water and electricity power supply allocation strategies and economic trend based on different scheduling periods. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the parameters related to initial water level and flow rate in the model.
Inquiry of C4 Olefin Chemical Technology Based on Statistical Modeling
Authors: Zheng Juan , Xiao Jinrong , Zhou Jingming , Zhang Hangtao , Lu Jingyuan
Published: December 2022

A large number of by-products will occur during the transformation of ethanol to C4 olefin, resulting in the selection of the destination products that are not enough to meet industrial needs. Therefore, the selection of catalyst combinations and environmental conditions are of great significance for the preparation of C4 olefin. First of all, this paper adopts a random forest model to screen the experimental characteristics and the Grid Search is used for optimizing hyperparameters to evaluate the importance of different catalyst types to ethanol conversion rate and C4 olefin selectivity. On this basis, with the multiple regression equations established among different catalyst types, temperature and C4 olefin income as the target function, under the constraint of temperature, Co loads, Co/SiO2 and HAP quality ratio, ethanol concentration, obtain the combination of catalysts with the highest income of C4 olefin. The proportion of C4 olefin in the target product was increased. At the same time, it provides reference for exploring suitable chemical process conditions of C4 olefin.
High-Performance Batched LU Decomposition on GPU
Authors: Lei Xinli , Zhang Xuesong , Ma Lin , Bao Tie
Published: December 2022

LU decomposition is an important computational step in many engineering and scientific computing problems. In most of critical applications, many small-scale problems need to be solved instead of a few large linear systems. However, when facing with small or medium sized matrices, existing batched LU decomposition algorithms suffer from the global memory access latency bottleneck, and the performance is poor. We implement a series of specialized optimized batched GPU-based LU decomposition algorithms for this situation, and two outperforming algorithms are selected after a systematic testing. They both achieved speedup ratio greater than 3 compared with cuBLAS, and even greater than 10 in some cases.
Research on Control System of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Training Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wu Liangda , Wang Xingshang , Chen Kewei , Feng Yongfei , Dong Fangyan
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the problems existing in traditional upper limb rehabilitation training, such as low rehabilitation efficiency, single and passive training methods, etc. Deep reinforcement learning can provide a better trajectory planning scheme for the upper limb rehabilitation robot working in multi-dynamic environment. It can make more efficient and active rehabilitation training plan for rehabilitation patients. In the actual rehabilitation training, it is necessary to smooth the motion track without mutation and avoid the singular region. In this paper, DDPG deep learning reinforcement learning algorithm is used to propose an improved reward function to provide global guidance for exploring optimal trajectory planning. At the same time, the nonlinear function of the feedback regulation mechanism is constructed by dividing the working interval property to accelerate the exploration process and avoid the singular region. Experiments show that the convergence of the reward value of the improved model is significantly improved compared with the traditional model. The method proposed in this paper provides a good theoretical basis for the research of active rehabilitation control system of upper limb rehabilitation robot.
Ontology Construction for Building Fire Emergency Response
Authors: Zhang Shijing , Wang Jianwei , Deng Wenhua , Zhang Wenyan , Wang Xinjian
Published: December 2022

The fire investigation report in the past ten years shows that all kinds of building fire is always the most frequent fire type. In this paper, B-FERO2 ontology model for building fire emergency response is established on the basis of clarifying the research scope of building ontology and its own breadth and depth. First, upper ontology of building fire emergency response is established. Then, the ontology model is constructed from the aspects of building fire response process, response role, fire extinguishing mode and so on, and Protege method is selected to implement the building fire emergency response ontology. Finally, the validity and integrity of the ontology model of building fire emergency response are tested by qualitative evaluation method.
A Path Planning Method for Scrap Recycling Vehicles Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ke Chaobao , Liu Pingshan , Yang Lei , Huang Waner , Huang Huishan , Wei Na
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of e-commerce platforms and new products in China, however, the scrap products such as waste paper, used home appliances and scrap metals that come with them are accumulating in cities, affecting the environment and hygiene. Today, scrap collectors often drive electric tricycles aimlessly to carry out scrap collection. The vehicle path planning is a pressing problem in the recycling process of scrap products from user location points to sorting centers. In order to solve this problem and minimize the cost consumed in the recycling process, this paper solves and analyzes the actual problem based on an improved genetic algorithm, combined with GIS technology. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the scrap recycling process, the shortest path is solved based on GIS software, and then the spatial and distance information such as user location points and sorting points are combined to construct a GIS network to obtain the shortest path. Secondly, this paper establishes a vehicle path planning model for the sorting center considering factors such as actual scrap collectors’ commuting and service time. Then, an improved and optimized genetic algorithm is designed, and then the model is solved. Finally, the solved optimal path of scrap collection is displayed in GIS software. In this paper, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by taking Guilin city as an example.
A Solution of Freshness Constraint Order Batching Problem for Fresh Food E-Commerce
Authors: Yan Wenjing , Zhang Zesheng , Zuo Min , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: December 2022

Influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic, fresh food e-commerce market in China developed quickly. Efficient solution for Order Batch Problem (OBP) could achieve efficient batching operation and then reduce costs and control risks. However, the OBP model proposed by the previous researches did not consider the characteristics of fresh food products such as the less demand of orders, the large variety of products, perishability of products and etc. Therefore, this paper proposed a model of OBP with freshness constraint of perishable food products, and proposed a two-stage heuristic algorithm to solve the target problem of the model. Our solution could improve the efficiency of the sorting process while ensuring the freshness of food products.
Research and Development of Virtual Simulation System for Mold Disassembly and Assembly Based on Unity3D
Authors: Liu Junying , Liang Feng
Published: December 2022

This virtual simulation system combines mixed reality (MR) technology with mold disassembly and assembly, and presents the mold disassembly and assembly training room as a virtual scene and mixed reality based on MR technology, including relevant virtual molds (typical injection molds, including typical two plate molds and typical three plate molds; typical cold punching dies, including guide pillar fixed unloading blanking die, guide pillar guided elastic unloading punching die, composite die, etc.; all molds are equipped with 3D data and two-dimensional assembly drawings at the same time). This system can use MR glasses to realize the whole process simulation of mold mechanism movement, and have observation functions such as mold perspective and rotation, and interactive demonstration of mold disassembly and assembly. It is mainly used for the teaching of mold disassembly and assembly technology and related post training in various colleges and enterprises, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing costs and risks, and solve the practical problems such as the lack of equipment and aging in the mold disassembly and assembly training room.
Automatic Verification of Intelligent Electricity Meter with Image Processing and Digit Recognition
Authors: Yao Dongfang , Chen Chongming , Xiao Xiong , Wu Ying , Tan Bingyuan , Wang Hao
Published: December 2022

The intelligent electricity meter is adopted widely in the power system. To improve the verification efficiency and decrease the artificial error, realizing automatic verification of the intelligent electricity meter is necessary. The image of the intelligent electricity meter is collected with the camera, and the image processing is conducted, including region positioning and segmentation, tilt correction, gray scale, smoothing, binarization, sharpening, discrete point removal and edge detection. After the image processing, the decimal point is positioned, the negative sign is judged, and the digit recognition is conducted. The results show that the verification efficiency is improved greatly than the manual operation.
Improvement of Wiring Network Technology Based on Luminous Electronic Tags
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Nie Qihe , Li Jianqiang , Jiang Fan , Yu Zhengqiang , Pi Jian
Published: December 2022

The communication distribution network contains a large number of switches, servers, distribution frames and other devices and their related ports and cable connection information. In the daily operation and maintenance process, it is the key and difficult point to correctly find the relationship between them and the purpose of distribution network. The present artificial recognition time-consuming, inefficient management, working point area wide, error-prone, therefore through luminescence labels, based on the second floor network protocol development layout of network resources automatically discover “robot” program, combined with Internet of perception electronic identification system, complete all related equipment in distribution network access link of accurate identification, comprehensive wiring network “tell”, “jump lineation shun”, “to maintain high efficiency”, and “feedback” automation and so on four aspects of the target, will improve mail tunnels in the wiring in the field of network resources management digitization and whole link line, port management level of refinement, It provides epoch-making technical support of high timeliness and accurate management for the management and control of ICT distribution lines.
Modeling and Simulation of DFIG Based on FPGA-CPU
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Li Zhen , Long Jiahuan , Yang Shunji , Yang Guangrao
Published: December 2022

In order to realize grid connection and transient real-time simulation of DFIG, a multi-rate parallel real-time simulation method based on co-simulation of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and CPU is studied. The switching function method is used to model the “back-to-back” converters in the DFIG and optimize the resources, and the modeling segmentation between systems with different step is completed based on PWM averaging to realize multi-rate parallel simulation. The small-step simulation of the “back-to-back” converter is realized with an operational step of 200 by use of high operational rate and strong parallelism of FGPA. Facing the needs of real-time simulation of active distribution network, the 200ns/50 parallel co-simulation of FPGA and independent parallel real-time simulator UREP is realized. By comparing with the off-line simulation results of Simulink and analyzing FGPA resource consumption rate before and after model optimization in this paper, the real-time capacity and accuracy of research method in the paper are verified, which provide a reliable technical support for grid connection and transient research of all kinds of wind power systems.
The Tour Spot Attraction Evaluation and Analysis of National Forest Parks in Guangdong Province on Basis of the AHP Model
Authors: Lin Yaojia , Su Junyi
Published: December 2022

This article establishes the evaluation model on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) basis and applies this model to evaluate and analyse the tour spot attraction of national forest parks. The model has 4 criteria hierarchies: attraction of tour resource environment factors, attraction of administration and services factors, attraction of social environment factors and attraction of economic factors. These factors are assorted into the 20 benchmark indexes such as aesthetics of the scenery spot, territory and location, the condition of service facilities, propaganda, marketing and ticket price, etc. An analysis matrix is introduced to established the tour spot attraction evaluation index system of national forest parks in Guangdong Province so as to solve the problem of the insufficiency in scientific and professional evaluation for such tour sports. This article discusses the combination of the above-mentioned innovative method and the college major development, and its value in the course of rural community prosperity and the development of moral and political education in college lessons.
Optimization Method of Drilling Rig Scheduling Task Assignment Based on Kmeans-ACO Algorithm
Authors: Ni Weijun , Guo Shuai , Wang Liupeng , Li Aixin
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the lack of research on the assignment model of drilling rig scheduling tasks in China, and it is difficult to meet the field requirements of this model in practical applications, a drilling rig scheduling task assignment optimization scheme combining Kmeans algorithm and ACO algorithm is established. Firstly, the wellhead coordinate data in the well site is divided into blocks using the clustering feature of Kmeans, and the algorithm optimization coefficient is determined by the required number of wells in the block. Secondly, the ant colony algorithm is used to calculate and plan the paths for the wellheads in different blocks to realize the optimization of the ant colony algorithm. The results show that compared with the traditional ant colony, the rig scheduling task allocation model established by the Kmeans-ACO algorithm has a smaller distance and a better path.
Pseudo LABELIng Based 3DResUNet with DEep Supervision for the Kidney PArsing Segmentation Challenge
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Khan M.K.A. Ahamed , Mazher Moona
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated renal structures (IRS) segmentation is an important task based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Fine renal artery segmentation based on a CTA image is an important step for kidney disease diagnosis and pre-operative planning. However, it could be challenging due to large inter-anatomy variation, thin structures, small volume ratio, and small labeled dataset of the fine renal artery. The Kidney PArsing Challenge (KiPA) 2022 organizers launched a challenge for automatic segmentation of kidneys, renal tumors, arteries, and veins. In this paper, we have proposed a two-stage solution for the automatic segmentation of four kidney-related structures on CTA images. In the first stage, the 3DResUNet with deep supervision has been used to generate pseudo labels. The pseudo labels generated using validation images from the first stage along with training samples are used in nnUNet to obtain the final segmentation. The proposed solution produced an optimal performance for Multi-Structure Segmentation for Renal Cancer Treatment. The code will be publicly available at: https://github.com/RespectKnowledge/Pseudo-labeling_Segmentation_KiPA22_challenege.
Research on Cross-Chain Data Integration Technology Based on Trust Computing
Authors: Liu Yitong , Zhai Jianhong , Yang Ru , Li Jun , Sun Yan , Yang Zixuan
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, a large number of blockchain projects have been designed to meet the needs of different scenarios. However, they are developed by different teams based on different application scenarios and design concepts and using different technical architectures. Each project forms an isolated blockchain P2P network, just like isolated information islands. Cross chain technology is an important technical means to realize the interconnection between chains. At present, the main cross chain mechanisms include Hash TimeLock Contract(HTLC), sidechains, notary mechanisms and communication protocol suite. However, they all have their own disadvantages, such as vulnerability and centralized risk, and only focus on the cross chain transfer of value. This paper proposes a data integration mechanism based on the trust of blockchain nodes: firstly, the blockchain network initiating the integration randomly selects several nodes as the evaluation committee to join the blockchain network providing data sources, and then the evaluation committee evaluates the credibility of the chain according to the model. Finally, if the credibility is higher than the threshold, the integration is initiated. In this paper, the above scheme is applied to the domain name cross organization access, and the experimental test proves the feasibility, efficiency and accuracy of the scheme.
Anti-Deceptive Jamming and Target Detection with Non-Linear FDA-MIMO Radar
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Hussain Kashif , Shaheen Naila , Khan Raza
Published: December 2022

FDA-MIMO radar is a new form of radar technology that has a vast range of applications. Jamming is one of the many issues faced by the FDA-MIMO radar, such as deceptive jamming and target detection. A lot of work has been done in the fields of jamming and anti-jamming with FDA-MIMO radar. This paper introduces a non-linear SMA-FDA MIMO radar. Modified SMA has been proposed and implemented, which was never used in the radar application before it was used in the biological fields. Anti-deceptive jamming has been performed over the FDA-MIMO. Desired targets are being detected successfully. Simulation results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Face and Gesture Recognition Based on CNN and CPM Model
Authors: Xiang Xinyu , Zhang Ping , Yuan Qiang , Li Renping , Hu Runqiao , Li Ke
Published: December 2022

In the autonomous motion control of unmanned equipment, in order to make the control more precise and efficient, in addition to the automatic operation of unmanned system, it is also necessary to introduce a certain amount of human-computer interaction. In this paper, by calculating the control requirements of unmanned equipment in specific cases and comparing with existing technologies, a gesture recognition pro-gram is established. The results show that it is feasible to control the movement of unmanned equipment through gesture recognition technology. Moreover, gesture control has the advantages of high accuracy, simplicity and efficiency, and can control multiple unmanned equipment in real time.
Experimental study on co-culture of DiI-labeled rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to induce differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells
Authors: Mu Junsheng , Zhang Zichang , Zhou Fan , Zheng Jianwei , Bo Ping , You Bin
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction is a serious clinical disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) have limited regeneration abilities after ischemic injury. Their growth and differentiation can be enhanced by contact co-culture with stem cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the contact co-culture of Dil-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and CMs for inducing differentiation of CMs from stem cells for treating myocardial infarction. METHODS: After contact co-culture, the differentiation of BMSCs into CMs was analyzed qualitatively by detecting myocardial markers (cardiac troponin T and α-smooth muscle actin) using immunofluorescence and quantitatively using flow cytometry. To examine the mechanism, possible gap junctions between BMSCs and CMs were analyzed by detecting gap junction protein connexin 43 (C×43) expression in BMSCs using immunofluorescence. The functionality of gap junctions was analyzed using dye transfer experiments. RESULTS: The results revealed that BMSCs in contact with CMs exhibited myocardial markers and a significant increase in differentiation rate (P < 0.05); they also proved the existence and function of gap junctions between BMSCs and CMs. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that contact co-culture can induce Dil-labeled BMSCs to differentiate into CM-like cells and examined the principle of gap junction-mediated signaling pathways involved in inducing stem cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes.
Effect of microwave polymerization on the thermomechanical and surface properties of ocular prosthetic acrylic resins
Authors: Flores-Espinosa Luis Antonio , Torres-Teran José Federico , Sánchez-Vargas Luis Octavio , Ortiz-Magdaleno Marine , Gonzalez-Calderón José Amir , Zabala-Alonso Norma Verónica , Escobar-Barrios Vladimir Alonso , Gutiérrez-Sanchez Mariana , Sánchez-Balderas Gregorio , Pérez-López José Elías
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Polymerization conditions affect the physical-mechanical properties of acrylic resins used for craniofacial prostheses.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave polymerization on the thermomechanical properties and surface morphology of ocular prostheses fabricated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

METHODS:

PMMA discs were polymerized with microwave energy and with conventional heat polymerization (CHP) method. Ocular prostheses were fabricated to determine whether there were changes according to the polymerization method. The surface morphology and roughness were observed under SEM and AFM. The Vickers Hardness number (VHN) and flexural strength were measured. Thermal properties were evaluated with TGA/DSC, and chemical composition with FTIR.

RESULTS:

The PMMA acrylic resin polymerized with microwave energy showed a smooth surface with some relief areas. In the internal surface of the ocular prosthesis with microwave energy the PMMA is more compact. The mean roughness values were higher and statistically significant with CHP ( P < 0.05), while the surface hardness and flexural strength were higher with microwave energy ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

There were no changes in the calorimetry with either method, TGA showed an exothermic peak around 120 °C with CHP method. PMMA polymerized with microwave energy improved the mechanical and surface properties of the ocular prostheses.
Primitive recursive ordered fields and some applications
Authors: Selivanov Victor , Selivanova Svetlana
Published: December 2022

We establish primitive recursive (PR) versions of some known facts about computable ordered fields of reals and computable reals, and apply them to prove primitive recursiveness of several important problems in linear algebra and analysis.

One of the central results of this paper is a partial PR analogue of Ershov–Madison’s theorem about real closures of computable ordered fields. It allows us, in particular, to obtain PR root-finding algorithms in the PR real and algebraic closures of PR fields with a certain property (PR splitting). We also relate the corresponding fields to the PR reals, as well as introduce and study the notion of a PR metric space. It enables us to derive sufficient conditions for PR computing of normal forms of matrices and solution operators of symmetric hyperbolic systems of PDEs. The methods represent a mix of symbolic and approximate algorithms.
Developmentally Appropriate Prevention of Behavioral and Emotional Problems, Social-Emotional Learning, and Developmentally Appropriate Practice for Early Childhood Education and Care: The Papilio-3to6 Program
Authors: Scheithauer Herbert , Hess Markus , Zarra-Nezhad Maryam , Peter Charlotte , Wölfer Ralf
Published: December 2022

The development of social-emotional skills is crucial in early childhood. Behavior problems in early childhood are risk factors for difficulties throughout childhood and adolescence and beyond. Considering the importance of developing social and emotional skills during early childhood, this study introduced the Papilio-3to6 program into everyday early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Germany. The program combines measures of developmentally appropriate practice and measures of social-emotional learning with strategies of developmentally appropriate prevention of behavioral and emotional problems. The underlying theory, the components of the program, evaluation results, dissemination, and implementation into ECEC center in Germany are described. A total of 627 children (MAGE = 56.77 months at pretest; 49% girls) from 50 ECEC center groups participated in an effectiveness, randomized controlled trial. At the pre- and posttest, teachers completed questionnaires related to children’s behaviors. Teachers completed questionnaires measuring their levels of job satisfaction, self-efficacy (control variables) and program implementation. A multivariate-multi-level-analysis revealed that children in the intervention groups, compared to the control groups, showed a significant decrease in their hyperactivity/inattention symptoms, as well as emotional, peer relationship problems, and conduct problems. The results also showed a significant increase in children’s prosocial behavior. Teachers’ job satisfaction and self-efficacy had no influence on the effectiveness of the program. Results supported treatment fidelity and usability.
Climate-Induced Migration: The Need for a Reparative Legal Regime+
Authors: Junker Kirk W. , Münster Saskia , Shinde Mrinalini
Published: December 2022

We are already witnessing climate-induced migration and thus must prepare to address the next decades of even more human mobility as a consequence of the climate disruption crisis. Fifty years after the Stockholm Conference, international environmental law still needs solutions to protect those persons most vulnerable to environmental harm. This paper seeks to focus on the concept of reparative justice as the theme and attitude of legal solutions, so as to refocus legal tools to provide relief to those persons who are displaced and dispossessed because of the climate disruption crisis. In this paper, we present possibilities for a reparative climate justice regime that could help to break the current cycle of harm and denial in which states are currently embroiled within international climate negotiations. This focus considers how careful solutions such as credit within the financial mechanisms under the Paris Agreement, in a spirit of trust and solidarity, could contribute to legal solutions to climate migration problems. The paper first iterates the scope and history of climate-induced migration in international law and then presents the case for reparations as a strong legal response to climate-induced migration, before finally exploring the legal avenues within international climate law wherein reparative justice and financing could potentially operate.
The Effectiveness of Bidirectional Generative Patent Language Models
Authors: Lee Jieh-Sheng
Published: December 2022

Generative patent language models can assist humans to write patent text more effectively. The question is how to measure effectiveness from a human-centric perspective and how to improve effectiveness. In this manuscript, a simplified design of the autocomplete function is proposed to increase effectiveness by more than 10%. With the simplified design, the effectiveness of autocomplete can reach more than 60%, which means that more than 60% of keystrokes can be saved by autocomplete. Since writing patent text does not necessarily start from the beginning to the end, a question is whether the generative model can assist a user no matter where to start writing. To answer the question, the generative models in this manuscript are pre-trained with training data in both directions. The generative models become bidirectional. Since text generation is bidirectional, the calculation of autocomplete effectiveness can be bidirectional and starts from anywhere in the text. After thorough experiments, a key finding is that the autocomplete effectiveness of a model for the same text remains similar no matter where the calculation starts. The finding indicates that such bidirectional models can assist a user at a similar level, no matter where the user starts to write.
Judgment Tagging and Recommendation Using Pre-Trained Language Models and Legal Taxonomy
Authors: Wu Tien-Hsuan , Kao Ben , Chan Henry , Mk Cheung Michael
Published: December 2022

We study the problem of machine comprehension of court judgments and generation of descriptive tags for judgments. Our approach makes use of a legal taxonomy D, which serves as a dictionary of canonicalized legal concepts. Given a court judgment J, our method identifies the key contents of J and then applies Word2Vec and BERT-based models to select a short list TJ of terms/phrases from the taxonomy D as descriptive tags of J. The tag set TJ suggests concepts that are relevant to or associative with J and provides a simple mechanism for readers of J to compose associative queries for effective judgment recommendation. Our prototype system implemented on the Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (HKLII) platform shows that our method provides a highly effective tool that assists users in exploring a judgment corpus and in obtaining relevant judgment recommendation.
Modeling and analysis of a thrust anti-torque sensing actuator
Authors: Ma Guoliang , Zhang Meng , Wang Hongxi , Song Siyang
Published: December 2022

In the field of intelligent drive and sense, the traditional actuator can realize linear actuation and lacks sensing function. Therefore, a new sensing actuator is designed, which can not only output force and displacement, but also have thrust anti-torque sensing function. Firstly, the model of piezoelectric actuator is designed, and the geometric and mechanical models are established. Furthermore, the geometric relationship of mechanical and electrical parameters is analyzed. Secondly, the optimal included angles are determined after finite element analysis and optimization. Finally, the maximum output displacement is obtained through finite element analysis, and the maximum strain position is pointed out. Besides, the rotational stiffness is obtained. The results show that the modeling method and simulation results are accurate.
Applicability of simulation-assisted probability of detection analysis considering multiple signal features to eddy current testing of weld
Authors: Tomizawa Takuma , Guo Yijun , Yusa Noritaka
Published: December 2022

In this study, a simulation-assisted probability of detection (POD) analysis that considers multiple flaw parameters and signal features is presented, including an evaluation of its applicability to eddy current testing for weld inspection. In the proposed method, both the real and imaginary parts of eddy current signals were considered, unlike conventional methods that only consider signal amplitude. Type 304 stainless steel plates were joined by butt welding, and slits were fabricated on the weld path. The eddy current inspection was conducted using a uniform eddy current probe. Numerical simulations were also performed using the finite element method, with the model imitating the experimental situation. The POD contours were calculated using the proposed method, and they exhibited a reasonable tendency. In addition, the 95% lower confidence intervals of the proposed and conventional PODs were compared and were almost equal with respect to the decision threshold, indicating the applicability of the proposed method.
Sleep related breathing disorders in the spina bifida population ages 1–20 years: A retrospective study in Arkansas
Authors: Eisenberg Amy , Hobart-Porter Laura , Jambhekar Supriya , Ocal Eylem , Stewart Scott , Thornton Kariel , Tackett Caroline
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: Sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are seen at disproportionately higher rates in children with spina bifida compared with their same aged peers. SRBD such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or central apnea are associated with developmental and cognitive consequences, and sudden death. METHODS: Participants aged 1 to 20 years with a diagnosis of spina bifida were recruited from a pediatric academic hospital spinal cord specialty clinic to evaluate the prevalence and impact of sleep disorders in the spina bifida population; 76 polysomnogram (PSG) reports spanning a 3-year period were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Of the PSGs reviewed, 37 (49%) indicated the presence of SRBD, and 28 (76%) of those children required an escalation of management (surgical intervention or additional respiratory support). These results are consistent with previous studies and further emphasize the clinical impact of SRBD on children with spina bifida by describing the interventions that followed an abnormal PSG. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of SRBD in the spina bifida population supports the need for additional research to develop sleep questionnaires specific to spina bifida that can predict abnormal PSG clinically and to determine the standard of care following an abnormal PSG, chiefly in OSA and central apnea.
Family challenges in personal transportation of children with medical complexity
Authors: Batson Lora , Donohue Pamela K. , Boss Renee D. , Seltzer Rebecca R.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the family experience and associated challenges of transporting children with medical complexity (CMC) in personal vehicles. METHODS: Parents/guardians of CMC in Maryland were recruited to participate in an audiotaped, semi-structured interview. Conventional content analysis was applied to transcripts. RESULTS: Data from 29 participants who indicated use of personal vehicles to transport their CMC were included in the analysis. Transportation challenges were common, and analysis revealed the following themes: 1) challenges transitioning in/out of the vehicle: excess planning time, child factors (e.g., weight), equipment factors (e.g., wheelchair), physical and environmental factors, 2) safety and comfort: CMC positioning/restraints, driver distraction, 3) financial challenges: travel costs related to medical care, accessible modification costs, transportation equipment costs, insurance delays in equipment coverage, 4) adverse family repercussions: parental physical health, isolation, and 5) evolving and unpredictable transportation needs. CONCLUSION: Families with CMC experience multifactorial challenges that impact all phases of travel in personal vehicles and negatively impact child and family safety, access to community and medical care, family finances, and overall well-being. Health care providers can support families by identifying transportation challenges that contribute to health inequities, tailoring solutions to the family’s unique needs, and advocating at a policy level to promote change.
Functional level of lesion scale: Validating fourteen years of research with the national spina bifida patient registry
Authors: Shamblin Isaac C. , Corwin Ian , Blount Jeffrey P. , Hopson Betsy D. , Davis Drew , Swanson-Kimani Erin , Rocque Brandon G.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: Functional level of lesion (FLOL) is a grading of the level of neurological function in patients with myelomeningocele and other forms of spina bifida. It has been widely used as an independent variable in studies of spina bifida, but its inter-rater reliability has not previously been tested. The purpose of this study was to measure inter-rater reliability of FLOL testing and compare testing performed by a non-medically trained research associate to testing performed by a pediatric rehabilitation medicine specialist. METHODS: Children in a multi-disciplinary spina bifida clinic underwent FLOL grading by a non-medically trained research associate. On the same day, these children were also graded by a pediatric rehabilitation medicine specialist. Cohen’s weighted kappa statistic was used to compare grading, with the rehabilitation medicine specialist considered the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients participated. FLOL was graded for left and right leg for each participant, resulting in 142 measurements. Cohen’s weighted kappa was κ= 0.809, with a standard error of 0.034 and 95% confidence interval 0.723–0.875, indicating substantial agreement. CONCLUSION: FLOL as measured according to the instructions of the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry by a non-medically trained researcher is a reliable method to grade lower extremity function in spina bifida.
Lung cancer tumor markers in serous effusions and other body fluids
Authors: Trapé Jaume , Bérgamo Silvia , González-Garcia Laura , González-Fernández Carolina
Published: December 2022

From its onset and during its progression, lung cancer may affect various extrapulmonary structures. These include the serous membranes, the pleura and pericardium, and less frequently the central nervous system, with leptomeningeal involvement. In these cases, fluid accumulates in the serous membranes which may contain substances secreted by the tumor. Measuring the concentrations of these substances can provide useful information for elucidating the origin of the fluid accumulation, either in pleural and pericardial effusions or in cerebrospinal fluid. This paper describes the histological types of lung cancer that most frequently affect the serosa and leptomeninges. It also reviews the literature on tumor markers in different fluids and makes recommendations for their interpretation.
Effects of tool grip span, workpiece orientation, moving direction, and working height on two-handed torque strength and subjective measures
Authors: Maleki-Ghahfarokhi Azam , Azghani Mahmood-Reza , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Dianat Iman
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Using both hands is regularly needed for force/torque exertions in many activities, especially when using hand tools. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tool grip span, workpiece orientation, moving direction, and working height on two-handed wrist U/R deviation torque strength, usability, comfort, and discomfort while using locking pliers. METHODS: Participants (n = 22) took part in an experimental study which evaluated the effects of tool grip span (4.5–6.5 cm), workpiece orientation (transverse/sagittal), moving direction (clockwise (CW)/counterclockwise (CCW)), and working height (shoulder/elbow/knuckle) on two-handed wrist U/R deviation torque, (dis)comfort, and usability while using locking pliers. RESULTS: The results showed no significant effect of tool grip span on wrist U/R deviation torque strength, but the locking pliers with 4.5 cm handle grip span led to more comfort and better usability. The two-handed wrist U/R deviation torque strengths were significantly higher in sagittal plane than in transverse plane, and in CW direction than in CCW direction. The highest values of two-handed wrist U/R deviation torque strength in sagittal and transverse planes were exerted in knuckle and elbow heights, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings can be used to develop guidelines and recommendations with regard to daily and occupational activities which require the use of both hands for force exertion with manual hand tools.