bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An effective noise-suppression technique for surface microseismic data
Authors: Forghani-Arani Farnoush , Willis Mark , Haines Seth S. , Batzle Mike , Behura Jyoti , Davidson Michael
Published: October 2013

The presence of strong surface-wave noise in surface microseismic data may decrease the utility of these data. We implement a technique, based on the distinct characteristics that microseismic signal and noise show in the [Formula: see text] domain, to suppress surface-wave noise in microseismic data. Because most microseismic source mechanisms are deviatoric, preprocessing is necessary to correct for the nonuniform radiation pattern prior to transforming the data to the [Formula: see text] domain. We employ a scanning approach, similar to semblance analysis, to test all possible double-couple orientations to determine an estimated orientation that best accounts for the polarity pattern of any microseismic events. We then correct the polarity of the data traces according to this pattern, prior to conducting signal-noise separation in the [Formula: see text] domain. We apply our noise-suppression technique to two surface passive-seismic data sets from different acquisition surveys. The first data set includes a synthetic microseismic event added to field passive noise recorded by an areal receiver array distributed over a Barnett Formation reservoir undergoing hydraulic fracturing. The second data set is field microseismic data recorded by receivers arranged in a star-shaped array, over a Bakken Shale reservoir during a hydraulic-fracturing process. Our technique significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratios of the microseismic events and preserves the waveforms at the individual traces. We illustrate that the enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio also results in improved imaging of the microseismic hypocenter.
The Acid-Secreting Parietal Cell as an Endocrine Source of Sonic Hedgehog During Gastric Repair
Authors: Engevik Amy C. , Feng Rui , Yang Li , Zavros Yana
Published: October 2013

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) has been shown to regulate wound healing in various tissues. Despite its known function in tissue regeneration, the role of Shh secreted from the gastric epithelium during tissue repair in the stomach remains unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that Shh secreted from the acid-secreting parietal cell is a fundamental circulating factor that drives gastric repair. A mouse model expressing a parietal cell-specific deletion of Shh (PC-ShhKO) was generated using animals bearing loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the Shh gene (Shhflx/flx) and mice expressing a Cre transgene under the control of the H+,K+-ATPase β-subunit promoter. Shhflx/flx, the H+,K+-ATPase β-subunit promoter, and C57BL/6 mice served as controls. Ulcers were induced via acetic acid injury. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 days after the ulcer induction, gastric tissue and blood samples were collected. Parabiosis experiments were used to establish the effect of circulating Shh on ulcer repair. Control mice exhibited an increased expression of Shh in the gastric tissue and plasma that correlated with the repair of injury within 7 days after surgery. PC-ShhKO mice showed a loss of ulcer repair and reduced Shh tissue and plasma concentrations. In a parabiosis experiment whereby a control mouse was paired with a PC-ShhKO littermate and both animals subjected to gastric injury, a significant increase in the circulating Shh was measured in both parabionts. Elevated circulating Shh concentrations correlated with the repair of gastric ulcers in the PC-ShhKO parabionts. Therefore, the acid-secreting parietal cell within the stomach acts as an endocrine source of Shh during repair.
Development of a Methodology for and Assessment of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Juvenile and Adult Male Mice
Authors: Steyn F. J. , Wan Y. , Clarkson J. , Veldhuis J. D. , Herbison A. E. , Chen C.
Published: October 2013

Current methodology to monitor pulsatile LH release in mice is limited by inadequate assay sensitivity, resulting in the need for collection of large blood volumes. Thus, assessment of pulsatile LH secretion in mice remains highly challenging, and observations are limited to adult mice. To address this, we developed a highly sensitive ELISA for assessment of mouse LH concentrations in small fractions of whole blood. We demonstrate that this assay is capable of reliably detecting LH down to a theoretical limit of 0.117 ng/mL in a 2-μL fraction of whole blood. Using an established frequent blood collection procedure, we validated the accuracy of this method by determining the pulsatile LH secretion in early-adult (10 weeks old) C57BL6/J male mice. Data demonstrate regular pulsatile release of LH, with peaks in LH secretion rarely exceeding 3 ng/mL. Moreover, assessment of LH release in Gpr54 knockout mice demonstrates the lack of pulsatile LH release after the loss of kisspeptin-mediated pubertal maturation. We next determined age-associated changes in pulsatile LH secretion by assessment of LH secretion in prepubertal (28 days old) C57BL6/J male mice and repeated assessment in the same mice in adulthood (120 days old). Data demonstrate that the rise in total LH secretion in mice after pubertal maturation occurs along with an overall rise in the pulsatile LH secretion rate. This was coupled with a significant increase in the number of LH secretory events (number of pulses). In addition, we observed a decrease in the clearance (increased half-life) and a decrease in the regularity (approximate entropy) of LH release. This method will be of wide general utility within the field of reproductive biology.
Lifestyle Modification Programs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Domecq Juan Pablo , Prutsky Gabriela , Mullan Rebecca J. , Hazem Ahmad , Sundaresh Vishnu , Elamin Mohammed B. , Phung Olivia J. , Wang Amy , Hoeger Kathleen , Pasquali Renato , Erwin Patricia , Bodde Amy , Montori Victor M. , Murad M. Hassan
Published: October 2013

Context:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder that affects women of childbearing age and may be related to obesity and insulin resistance.

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic review was to appraise the evidence of the impact of lifestyle modification (LSM) interventions on outcomes of women with PCOS.

Data Sources:

Sources included Ovid Medline, OVID Embase, OVID Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (up to January 2011).

Study Selection:

We included randomized controlled trials that enrolled woman of any age with PCOS who received LSM and compared them against women who received no intervention, minimal intervention, or metformin.

Data Extraction:

Two authors performed the data extraction independently.

Data Synthesis:

We included 9 trials enrolling 583 women with a high loss to follow-up rate, lack of blinding, and short follow-up. Compared with minimal intervention, LSM significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference, −2.3 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, −4.5 to −0.1, I2 = 72%, P = .04) and fasting blood insulin (weighted mean difference, −2.1 μU/mL, 95% confidence interval, −3.3 to −1.0, I2 = 0%, P < .001). Changes in body mass index were associated with changes in fasting blood glucose (P < .001). Metformin was not significantly better than LSM in improving blood glucose or insulin levels. We found no significant effect of LSM on pregnancy rate, and the effect on hirsutism was unclear.

Conclusions:

The available evidence suggests that LSM reduces fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in women with PCOS. Metformin has similar effects. Translation of these short-term effects to patient-important outcomes, beyond diabetes prevention, remains uncertain.
Heavy Metallocenes of the Group 8 Metals: Ferrocene and Ruthenocene Derivatives
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya , Kato Risa , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: October 2013

Metallocene (ferrocene and ruthenocene) derivatives, featuring three heavy group 14 elements in one of the cyclopentadienyl ligands, were synthesized by the reaction of the lithium disilagermacyclopentadienide [(tBu2MeSi)3GeSi2(CH)(CPh)]−·[Li+(thf)] with either in situ-generated [Cp*Fe(acac)] or tetrameric [(Cp*RuCl)4] complexes. X-ray structural and NMR spectroscopic studies showed that both heavy ferrocene and heavy ruthenocene exhibited remarkable cyclic π-delocalization within the heavy cyclopentadienyl ligand and its powerful π-donating ability toward the transition metal.
Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.90Co0.05Al0.05O2/LiFe0.9Mn0.1PO4/C Blended Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Tae-Jun , Kang Seo-Ha , Kim Cheong , Son Jong-Tae
Published: October 2013

The influence of olivine-type blending with LiNi0.90Co0.05Al0.05O2 (NCA) powders and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, and charge–discharge tests. The rate capability of the pristine NCA electrode showed the capacity retentions of 79.9, 73.3, and 63.8% at 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 C, respectively. After blending, the capacity retentions of the mixtured sample were increased to 86.8, 81.1, and 73.7% at 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 C, respectively. The higher capacity retention and superior rate capability of blended sample can be ascribed to the improved energy density and network effect of nanofibers.
Asymmetric Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Succinaldehyde via Diarylprolinol-mediated Domino Aldol–Acetalization Reaction for the Construction of Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Nishino Kentaro , Sato Itaru
Published: October 2013

Highly enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans was accomplished via a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of succinaldehyde, which acts as a three-carbon unit. The reaction consists of the domino reaction of the diarylprolinol-mediated aldol reaction of succinaldehyde followed by an intramolecular acetalization reaction.
Nickel-catalyzed Decarbonylative and Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Isatoic Anhydrides with Alkynes
Authors: Nakai Kenichiro , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: October 2013

We have developed a nickel-catalyzed cycloaddition of isatoic anhydrides with alkynes to afford 2,3-disubstituted indoles. The reaction proceeds via the elimination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and the insertion of alkynes.
Functional Phase Separation in Polymer–Monomer Composite Film: Controlled Induction of Pyrene Orientation
Authors: Jintoku Hirokuni , Okazaki Yutaka , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: October 2013

We propose a new strategy for the functionalization of polymer–monomer composites through the fabrication of a controlled phase-separated structure. This achievement is based on a low-molecular-weight gelation phenomenon of l-glutamide derivatives in an amorphous polymer matrix.
Flow-based Biosensing System for Glucose Fabricated by Using Track-etched Microporous Membrane Electrodes
Authors: Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Sakurai Jun , Kinoshita Yuki , Iiyama Masamitsu , Kijima Tatsuro , Tachibana Kazuhiro , Nishina Tatsuo , Shida Junichi
Published: October 2013

The new type of amperometric biosensor described herein, which was fabricated by using a track-etched microporous membrane electrode for glucose detection, comprises a prereactor electrode, a detector electrode, and an immobilized enzyme reactor sandwiched between these electrodes. Because the sample solution flows through this system, the interferents are electrolyzed completely at the prereactor, positioned upstream of the enzyme reactor. The increased current response at the detector electrode derives solely from oxidation of hydrogen peroxide produced in the enzymatic reaction. Sensitive and selective response toward glucose detection was obtained with no other catalytic material such as peroxidase or an electron mediator.
A Visible-light-responsive Photocatalyst of Nitrogen-doped Solid-acid HNb3O8-N Studied by Ultrahigh-field 1H MAS NMR and 1H–93Nb/1H–15N HETCOR NMR in Solids
Authors: Shimizu Tadashi , Nakai Toshihito , Deguchi Kenzo , Yamada Kazuhiko , Yue Bing , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2013

A visible-light-responsive nitrogen-doped solid-acid photocatalyst HNb3O8-N is investigated via solid-state high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The 1H magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectrum observed under an ultrahigh field of 21.8 T is found drastically different from that of the precursor catalyst HNb3O8. The 1H signals of HNb3O8-N are assigned with the help of 1H–93Nb and 1H–15N two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy. It is clarified that H3O+ ions contained in HNb3O8 change into H2O and H+, the latter of which protonates NbO6 octrahedra. Deduced from the 1H chemical shift for the nitrogen-adjacent protons, three microstructure models for HNb3O8-N, involving the proton-exchange model, are proposed.
A Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of a MnCo2O4@Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Bi Huiping , He Guangyu , Zhu Junwu , Chen Haiqun
Published: October 2013

MnCo2O4@reduced graphene oxide (MnCo2O4@RGO) was prepared via a one-step hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that MnCo2O4 nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm were homogeneously dispersed on reduced graphene oxide sheets. Electrochemical experiments on MnCo2O4@RGO showed that the nanocomposite exhibited high specific capacitance of 334 F g−1 at a large current density of 1 A g−1. Even after 2000 charge–discharge cycles, 98% of the initial specific capacitance was retained, a property which will prove valuable for practical applications such as supercapacitors.
Homologous electron transport components fail to increase fatty acid hydroxylation in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wayne Laura L. , Browse John
Published: October 2013

Ricinoleic acid, a hydroxylated fatty acid (HFA) present in castor (Ricinus communis) seeds, is an important industrial commodity used in products ranging from inks and paints to polymers and fuels. However, due to the deadly toxin ricin and allergens also present in castor, it would be advantageous to produce ricinoleic acid in a different agricultural crop. Unfortunately, repeated efforts at heterologous expression of the castor fatty acid hydroxylase (RcFAH12) in the model plantArabidopsis thalianahave produced only 17-19% HFA in the seed triacylglycerols (TAG), whereas castor seeds accumulate up to 90% ricinoleic acid in the endosperm TAG. RcFAH12 requires an electron supply from NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase (CBR1) and cytochrome b5 (Cb5) to synthesize ricinoleic acid. Previously, our laboratory found a mutation in theArabidopsis CBR1gene,cbr1-1, that caused an 85% decrease in HFA levels in the RcFAH12Arabidopsisline. These results raise the possibility that electron supply to the heterologous RcFAH12 may limit the production of HFA. Therefore, we hypothesized that by heterologously expressing RcCb5, the reductant supply to RcFAH12 would be improved and lead to increased HFA accumulation inArabidopsisseeds. Contrary to this proposal, heterologous expression of the top three RcCb5 candidates did not increase HFA accumulation. Furthermore, coexpression of RcCBR1 and RcCb5 in RcFAH12 Arabidopsis also did not increase in HFA levels compared to the parental lines. These results demonstrate that theArabidopsiselectron transfer system is supplying sufficient reductant to RcFAH12 and that there must be other bottlenecks limiting the accumulation of HFA.
Veterinary vaccination advice and perceived farmer compliance on UK dairy farms
Authors: Cresswell Liz , Richens Imogen , Archer Simon , Breen James , Huxley Jon , Randall Laura , Remnant John , Wapenaar Wendela , Biggs Andrew , Kerby Mike , Statham Jon
Published: October 2013

Vaccination is a commonly used disease control strategy in dairy farming in the UK. Farmers perceive their veterinarian to be the most important source of information for vaccination advice. However, poor compliance and perceived confusion on appropriate vaccination strategies suggest that there is variation in the advice that farmers are receiving. This study compared veterinarians’, veterinary students’ and farmers’ perceptions and approach to vaccination strategies on dairy farms through the use of survey questions, discussion groups and a posed case scenario. The vaccination advice for one case scenario was variable between many participants in this study. Results suggest that although veterinarians are aware of suboptimal farmer compliance, and they recognise the motivators and barriers of farmers to comply with vaccination, actions to improve farmer compliance could be improved. Suggestions are given to provide veterinarians with, currently lacking, information which is helpful in the decision-making process to achieve the best vaccination advice. The study also addresses potential areas which may aid communication and compliance when implementing vaccination strategies on UK dairy farms.
Recurrent urolithiasis following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Rowlands C , Zyada A , Zouwail S , Joshi H , Stechman MJ , Scott-Coombes DM
Published: October 2013

Introduction

The effect of parathyroidectomy on the incidence of recurrent stone formation is uncertain. We aimed to compare the biochemistry and recurrence rate of urolithiasis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and stone formation (SF) and non-stone formation (NSF) with idiopathic stone formers (ISF).

Methods

Patients with pHPT and SF (Group 1) were identified from a prospective database. pHPT patients and NSF (Group 2) and ISFs (Group 3) were randomly selected from respective databases to form three equal groups. Preoperative and postoperative biochemical data were analysed and recurrent urolithiasis diagnosed if present on follow-up radiology. Out-of-area patients were asked about recurrence via telephone.

Results

From July 2002 to October 2011, 640 patients had parathyroidectomy for pHPT. Of these, 66 (10.3%) had a history of renal colic; one was lost to follow-up. Patient demographics were similar across all three groups. Three months post-parathyroidectomy, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly reduced serum calcium concentrations (p<0.01). Group 1 had lower urinary calcium excretion after parathyroidectomy (p<0.01), but estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change following surgery. During median follow-up of 4.33 years (0.25–9 years) in Groups 1 and 2 and 5.08 years (0.810–8 years) in Group 3, one patient (1.5%) in Group 1 and 16 patients (25%) in Group 3 had recurrent urolithiasis (p<0.01). No Group 2 patients developed stones.

Conclusion

Curative parathyroidectomy confers a low recurrence rate for urolithiasis, but does not prevent recurrence in all patients. Further research should aim to identify the risk factors for continued SF in these patients.
Martyn Reaches Out
Authors: Craven Claudia , Cooke Martyn
Published: October 2013

In March 2013, more than 140 school students witnessed a simulated emergency craniotomy. They assisted with the emergency Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) response, scrubbed into theatre, were taught how to use a perforator drill and evacuated the extradural haematoma. All of this was part of a simulation exercise in london's ExCel exhibition centre as part of the Big Bang Fair. it was a result of collaborative project using the newest generation of The Royal College of Surgeons of England's MARTYN (Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons)1 models and imperial College london's distributed simulation environment.2
Developing the Best Surgeons
Authors: Sutton Paul A , Vimalachandran Dale , McFaul Chris , Johnson Mike , McNally Scarlett
Published: October 2013

The Opportunities in Surgery committee of The Royal College of Surgeons of England has many responsibilities within its remit, including the provision of advice to all those wishing to pursue a surgical career. we encourage their personal and professional development in order to ensure that we recruit the best pool of individuals, who are truly able to meet the demands of the unparalleled responsibility of a career in surgery. it is more imperative now than ever before that we develop the best surgeons for the future.
Attitudes Among Patients and Doctors Towards Rationing of Health Care Services in the NHS
Authors: Fang C , Sritharan K , Davies AH
Published: October 2013

The National Health service (NHS) is currently facing perhaps its greatest financial challenge since its inception, with efficiency savings of ??15 billion proposed by 2014.1 Additionally, the rising cost of drugs, new technology, increased patient expectations and a changing population demographic place even greater pressure on an already stretched healthcare budget.2
Specialist Orthopaedic Nurses: Frontline for Fracture Clinic Referrals
Authors: Bryson DJ , Aujla RS , Mahadevan D , Williams SC
Published: October 2013

Emergency department (ED) and general practitioner (GP) referrals to orthopaedic fracture clinics are increasing. As a consequence, these clinics regularly operate at or beyond full capacity. In many institutions, all ED referrals are booked into and seen in the fracture clinic within 24 hours of presentation to the ED. A proportion of these appointments will prove unnecessary and, in other cases, review within several days of the injury will prove unnecessarily early. This precipitates lengthy delays, leading to inefficiency and patient dissatisfaction.
Simulation in Neurosurgery: A Survey of Experiences and Perceptions in the UK
Authors: Coulter IC , Brennan PM
Published: October 2013

The traditional, time-intensive apprenticeship model of surgical skill acquisition has become impracticable in the current era of working hour restrictions that limit the total hours available for surgical training.1–3 Trainees feel 'hands on' operative exposure has been reduced, having an impact on training as well as patient safety.4 while working hour restrictions persist, simply increasing the length of surgical training will not adequately overcome reduced exposure to operative training. Improving quality and efficiency of training must therefore utilise learning outside the operating theatre; simulation training could form part of this.
NICE and the third molar debate
Authors: McArdle Louis
Published: October 2013

In 2000 the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published clinical guidance that advised against the removal of disease-free wisdom teeth (prophylactic removal).1 This was mainly driven by the perception in the UK that up to 44% of all removed third molars were disease free and consequently had no clinical indication for removal.1,2 But does the NICE guidance, which has become akin to scripture on this issue, have everything right?.
Intentional dental modification: assessment of a historical museum specimen from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Farrell Milly
Published: October 2013

Intentional dental modification has been practised across Africa for the past 10,000 years; three variations have been noted: filing, chipping and evulsion. Of these, dental filing is the most prolific. Restyling of the teeth for aesthetic socio-cultural reasons is a practice with both a wide-ranging geographical trend and a broad temporal scale. This article presents the assessment of one specimen held within the Odontological Collection at the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) that displays significant reshaping: four modified maxillary incisors from one individual, reportedly from the Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which have been filed into pronounced points. Observations have been made on the impact of modifying human teeth ante-mortem, and the resultant reaction of the dental tissues to invasive reshaping.
Facial reconstruction in Ethiopia
Authors: Fell Matthew
Published: October 2013

In April 2013 I had the opportunity to assist with a facial reconstruction project in Ethiopia. Project Harar is a British charity that provides access to treatment for patients with facial deformities living in rural areas of Ethiopia. Patients with a cleft of the lip and/or palate are the most common group encountered. They are treated by a team of Ethiopian plastic surgeons and health staff throughout the year in the capital, Addis Ababa. Each year, however, the Project Harar community staff are presented with a number of patients with complex facial deformities, the management of which exceeds the level of experience and resources available in Ethiopia. An international surgical team comprising plastic and maxillofacial surgeons, anaesthetists and specialist nurses travels to Ethiopia annually for a two-month period to provide assistance with these complex cases. My role as a junior doctor was to assess the patients in preparation for surgery, organise the necessary investigations and assist in theatre where needed.
Learning needn’t be aardvark
Authors: Watson Derek
Published: October 2013

When I was a boy I wanted to know everything and I was upset that I had missed living through the Industrial Revolution, which sounded like quite an exciting time. I resolved to become a polymath. It’s difficult to say what sparks off a quest for knowledge. In my case it was probably one of the ‘cut-away’ illustrations that appeared in the popular literature of my youth and a history of the world encyclopaedia I got for my birthday. Technically, they are ‘breakaway’ drawings as many of them were realised by a single hole in the outside of the object. I didn’t decide to become a pedant: that came naturally.
Practical application of kangaroo mother care in preterm infants: clinical characteristics and safety of kangaroo mother care
Authors: Park Hyun-kyung , Choi Byeong Seon , Lee Seung Jin , Son In-a , Seol In-Joon , Lee Hyun Ju
Published: October 2013

Aim: To determine the clinical characteristics and safety of kangaroo mother care (KMC) according to the gestational age (GA) or postmenstrual age (PMA).

Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical study in 31 infants between 25 and 32 weeks’ GA. The subjects were categorized into two groups (25–28 weeks’ and 29–32 weeks’ GA groups) to compare the clinical characteristics associated with KMC. Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and body temperature (BT) were longitudinally assessed for 60 min with respect to the PMA group (29–32 weeks’ and 33–36 weeks’ PMA groups).

Results: The authors analyzed 70 sessions with 31 infants (25–32 weeks’ GA, birth weight 760–1740 g, 29–36 weeks’ PMA). All infants had statistically significant higher temperatures during KMC than before KMC within clinically acceptable limits (P<0.001). We found a significantly lower variation of BT in the 25–28 weeks’ GA group compared with the 29–32 weeks’ GA group at 33–36 weeks’ PMA, suggesting accelerated skin maturation in more premature infants (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Our intermittent KMC was a safe and feasible method for preterm infants. Notably, at the same PMA, preterm infants in the lower at-birth GA group showed an advanced maturation of thermoregulation compared with those in the higher GA group.
Peripartum anesthetic management of patients with Factor XI deficiency
Authors: Reuveni Alon , Orbach-Zinger Sharon , Eidelman Leonid A. , Ginosar Yehuda , Ioscovich Alexander
Published: October 2013

Introduction: Factor XI deficiency is predominantly found in the Ashkenazi Jewish population with a prevalence of 9%, but also seen in other ethnicities. Little information is available on obstetric anesthesia management in women with Factor XI deficiency. Therefore, we undertook a study to evaluate obstetric, anesthetic and perinatal outcomes in parturients with Factor XI deficiency.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with chart reviews from 1996 to 2011 resulted in 74 women with Factor XI level deficiency. We compared anesthetic and obstetric management in parturients with low (≤30%) level of Factor XI to those with higher levels.

Results: Ninety-one pregnancy outcomes were reviewed in these 74 women with Factor XI deficiency. Forty-three women had levels ≤30% in 46 labors while 31 women had levels >30% in 45 labors. Women with low levels of Factor XI were significantly more likely to receive FFP and less likely to receive neuroaxial anesthesia. There were no anesthetic complications and no difference in mode of delivery or neonatal outcomes.

Discussion: This study is the first step in building a national database for anesthetic cases and outcomes of parturients with Factor XI deficiency. Further efforts must be made to provide safe analgesia for these women.
Labor induction in nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix: double balloon catheter versus dinoprostone
Authors: Suffecool Katarzyna , Rosenn Barak M. , Kam Stefanie , Mushi Juliet , Foroutan Janelle , Herrera Kimberly
Published: October 2013

Objective: We sought to compare the efficacy of the double-balloon catheter and dinoprostone for induction of labor among nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix.

Study design: Nulliparous women with a Bishop score <6 were randomized to receive a 10-mg intra-vaginal dinoprostone insert or a double-balloon catheter. Primary outcome was time to delivery. Statistical analyses were performed by intention to treat using the chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Student’s t-test, as appropriate.

Results: The mean induction-to-delivery time was shorter in the double-balloon group as compared to the dinoprostone group (17.9±5.8 vs. 26.3±9.7 h) as was the time from induction to vaginal delivery (19.13±5 vs. 24.45±8.7 h, respectively). More women in the catheter group were delivered within 24 h compared to the dinoprostone group (87.1% vs. 47.4%). Approximately 50% of women in both groups delivered by cesarean section.

Conclusion: Induction of labor with the double-balloon catheter in nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix is associated with a shorter time to delivery compared to dinoprostone.
Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy
Authors: Rollakanti Kishore R. , Kanick Stephen C. , Davis Scott C. , Pogue Brian W. , Maytin Edward V.
Published: October 2013

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses a specific photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and light of a particular wavelength to kill cells targeted by the therapy. Topically administered aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely used to effectively treat cancerous and precancerous skin lesions, resulting in targeted tissue damage and little to no scarring. The targeting aspect of the treatment arises from the fact that ALA is preferentially converted into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in neoplastic cells. To monitor the amount of PpIX in tissues, techniques have been developed to measure PpIX-specific fluorescence, which provides information useful for monitoring the abundance and location of the photosensitizer before and during the illumination phase of PDT. This review summarizes the current state of these fluorescence detection techniques. Non-invasive devices are available for point measurements, or for wide-field optical imaging, to enable monitoring of PpIX in superficial tissues. To gain access to information at greater tissue depths, multi-modal techniques are being developed which combine fluorescent measurements with ultrasound or optical coherence tomography, or with microscopic techniques such as confocal or multiphoton approaches. The tools available at present, and newer devices under development, offer the promise of better enabling clinicians to inform and guide PDT treatment planning, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes for patients.
Grafting of maleic anhydride on polypropylene by reactive extrusion: effect of maleic anhydride and peroxide concentrations on reaction yield and products characteristics
Authors: Berzin Françoise , Flat Jean-Jacques , Vergnes Bruno
Published: October 2013

A series of polypropylenes (PPs) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA), prepared by reactive extrusion in a twin screw extruder with different contents of peroxide and MA, was characterized. For each sample, the amount of grafted MA, the molecular weight distribution, the viscoelastic properties in small amplitude oscillatory shear and the transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured. The respective influence of initial MA and peroxide concentrations on these parameters was characterized. In particular, it was shown that the rheological properties are only controlled by the molecular weight, whatever the way it has been obtained, by varying either MA content or peroxide concentration. Moreover, it is clearly shown that the presence of MA tends to enhance the PP degradation due to the peroxide.
ATLANTIC DIP: simplifying the follow-up of women with previous gestational diabetes
Authors: Noctor E , Crowe C , Carmody L A , Avalos G M , Kirwan B , Infanti J J , O'Dea A , Gillespie P , Newell J , McGuire B , O'Neill C , O'Shea P M , Dunne F P , _ _
Published: October 2013

Objective

Previous gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with a significant lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we assessed the performance of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurements against that of 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) for the follow-up screening of women with previous GDM.

Methods

Two hundred and sixty-six women with previous GDM underwent the follow-up testing (mean of 2.6 years (s.d. 1.0) post-index pregnancy) using HbA1c (100%), and 75 g OGTT (89%) or FPG (11%). American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for abnormal glucose tolerance were used.

Design, cohort study, and results

The ADA HbA1c high-risk cut-off of 39 mmol/mol yielded sensitivity of 45% (95% CI 32, 59), specificity of 84% (95% CI 78, 88), negative predictive value (NPV) of 87% (95% CI 82, 91) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 39% (95% CI 27, 52) for detecting abnormal glucose tolerance. ADA high-risk criterion for FPG of 5.6 mmol/l showed sensitivity of 80% (95% CI 66, 89), specificity of 100% (95% CI 98, 100), NPV of 96% (95% CI 92, 98) and PPV of 100% (95% CI 91, 100). Combining HbA1c ≥39 mmol/mol with FPG ≥5.6 mmol/l yielded sensitivity of 90% (95% CI 78, 96), specificity of 84% (95% CI 78, 88), NPV of 97% (95% CI 94, 99) and PPV of 56% (95% CI 45, 66).

Conclusions

Combining test cut-offs of 5.6 mmol/l and HbA1c 39 mmol/mol identifies 90% of women with abnormal glucose tolerance post-GDM (mean 2.6 years (s.d.1.0) post-index pregnancy). Applying this follow-up strategy will reduce the number of OGTT tests required by 70%, will be more convenient for women and their practitioners, and is likely to lead to increased uptake of long-term retesting by these women whose risk for type 2 diabetes is substantially increased.
Various perspectives on eighteenth-century bridges in Languedoc, France
Authors: Isaac Catherine
Published: October 2013

Several masonry bridges built in the eighteenth century in Languedoc, France, are now considered major milestones in the history of French civil engineering. However, at the time of their construction, they were the subject of discussion, in particular regarding their costs. This paper is traces the history of those bridges, and the context and circumstances of their construction. It sheds light on the reasons for the debates and demonstrate their origins in the various opinions in public works and civil engineering organisations of the time. Finally, the paper describes how opinions changed in the nineteenth century, restoring these bridges to their rightful place in French civil engineering heritage.
Effects of Nitrogen and Planting Seed Size on Cotton Growth, Development, and Yield
Authors: Main Christopher L. , Barber L. Tomas , Boman Randall K. , Chapman Kent , Dodds Darrin M. , Duncan Stu , Edmisten Keith L. , Horn Patrick , Jones Michael A. , Morgan Gaylon D. , Norton E. Randall , Osborne Shane , Whitaker Jared R. , Nichols Robert L. , Bronson Kevin F.
Published: October 2013

A standardized experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at 20 location‐years across U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)‐producing states to compare the N use requirement of contemporary cotton cultivars based on their planting seed size. Treatments consisted of three cotton varieties with planting seed of different numbers of seed per kg and N rates of 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha–1. Soil at each trial location was sampled and tested for nitrate presence. High levels of soil nitrate (>91 N‐NO3– kg ha–1) were found in Arizona and western Texas, and soil nitrate in the range of 45 to 73 kg N‐NO3– ha–1 was found at locations in the central United States. Cotton lint yield responded to applied N at 11 of 20 locations. Considering only sites that responded to applied N, highest lint yields were achieved with 112 to 224 kg ha–1of applied plus pre‐plant residual soil NO3—translating to an optimal N requirement of 23 kg ha–1 per 218 kg bale of lint produced. Among the varieties tested those with medium‐sized seed produced higher yields in response to N than did larger and smaller seeded varieties. Varieties with larger seed had longer and stronger fibers, higher fiber length uniformity than small seeded varieties and decreased micronaire. Seed protein and oil increased and decreased slightly in response to increasing amounts of soil nitrate plus applied N, respectively.
Suppression of Annual Bluegrass Seedheads with Mefluidide, Ethephon, and Ethephon plus Trinexapac‐Ethyl on Creeping Bentgrass Greens
Authors: Haguewood John B. , Song Enzhan , Smeda Reid J. , Moss Justin Q. , Xiong Xi
Published: October 2013

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens. Annual bluegrass produces extensive seedheads in spring, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) are frequently used to suppress seedhead formation. This study investigated the effects of single and sequential applications of mefluidide, maleic hydrazide, and ethephon alone or in combination with trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), on annual bluegrass seedhead formation. A secondary objective evaluated whether addition of TE enhanced the efficacy of ethephon while improving the safety on creeping bentgrass. Three independent studies were established on golf course greens during a 2‐yr period, with initial PGRs application before annual bluegrass seedhead formation. Regardless of PGR treatment, single or sequential applications in all studies showed no differences in annual bluegrass seedhead suppression. Ethephon‐containing treatments provided the best seedhead suppression with up to 95% reduction. No PGR treatments caused visible phytotoxicity to creeping bentgrass following single applications. Sequential applications of both mefluidide and maleic hydrazide caused significant phytotoxicity to creeping bentgrass for up to 3 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). With the exception of one evaluation date in the third study, tank mixture of TE with ethephon had little effect on annual bluegrass seedhead suppression. Tank‐mixing TE with ethephon marginally enhanced turf quality of creeping bentgrass up to 6% compared to ethephon alone.
Impact of Harvest Lodging on Rough Rice Milling Yield and Market Price
Authors: Salassi Michael E. , Deliberto Michael A. , Linscombe Steven D. , Wilson Charles E. , Walker Timothy W. , McCauley Garry N. , Blouin David C.
Published: October 2013

Lodging of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant just before harvest can significantly impact the quality of the harvested crop yield as well as the market returns received for sale of the crop. The purpose of this study was to quantify the level and significance of lodging on the milling yield and market price of rough rice. A 2‐yr study was conducted in the major rice‐growing regions of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas to evaluate the impact of early and late lodging before harvest. The study included two rice planting dates and a range of rice varieties predominately grown in the regions. Results suggest that lodging does have a significant impact on milling yield, although impacts of planting date and time of lodging were not significant. Lodging was found to have a greater impact on whole grain (head rice) milling yield than total grain milling yield. Head rice yield reductions of 30.19 to 55.30 g kg–1 were observed. Although market price effects will vary with the general level of average rough rice market prices in a given year, results for the 2011 and 2012 crop years showed market price reductions of .0075 to .0119 per kg, due to crop lodging impacts on milling yield alone.
A New Method for Winter Wheat Critical Nitrogen Curve Determination
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Zhu Yunqiang
Published: October 2013

As a plant‐based N diagnostic tool, critical N curves can be used to adjust the N input in a field according to the crop demand. Because the existing critical N curve determination methods may overestimate the critical N point, making the designed N curve above the actual one, this study presents an improved method to overcome this drawback. An N experiment was conducted during 2 yr (2010–2012) using different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in the northwestern plain of Shandong Province, China. Shoot biomass and N concentration were sampled weekly during the growing season. A new method for designing critical N curves was developed based on the existing N curve determination method and the t‐test inversion. Using the above data set, the new and existing methods for designing a critical N curve were compared, and the effects of the different cultivars on the proposed N curve were evaluated. The results showed that the critical N curves generated using existing methods can successfully classify N‐limited plants but fail to classify non‐N‐limited plants, however, the critical N curve determined using the new method was able to classify both N‐limited and non‐N‐limited plants satisfactorily. Cross‐validation showed that the new method exhibited a highest total correct classification rate of 76%, while the existing methods displayed total correct classification rates below 64%. Additionally, the proposed critical N curve is robust within species within the same region. Thus, the new method may be useful for N management in the field.
Generating Reproducible Microscale Heterogeneity for Transmitted‐Light Flow Visualization Experiments
Authors: Griffith B. Clark , Holt Robert M. , Glass Robert J.
Published: October 2013

We developed and evaluated a new approach for constructing reproducible, “geologically realistic” heterogeneity for near‐two‐dimensional transmitted‐light experiments. By using an apparatus with a computer‐controlled arm, mixtures of sand were deposited in an experimental chamber through a tube. Mechanical segregation processes within the tube and the chamber led to stratification that mimicked that produced by sedimentary processes. By varying the arm speed, stratum thickness and angle could be controlled. By using different sand mixtures, the grain size at the top and bottom of a stratum could be varied. Through the use of carefully designed computer programs, a variety of reproducible microheterogeneous and macroheterogeneous structures could be produced. A spectral evaluation of 10 sample chambers produced with a single program showed negligible differences between sample chambers.
Willingness to Pay for Soil Information Derived by Digital Maps: A Choice Experiment Approach
Authors: Diafas Iason , Panagos Panos , Montanarella Luca
Published: October 2013

Soil surveys and the information they provide are commonly believed to be good investment, with significant benefits accrued to their users. To date, the empirical evidence for this comes from studies that have shown how enhanced soil information can alter agricultural practices to yield higher returns. This study attempts to estimate the economic value of soil information generated by a host of new proximal and in situ geophysical methods for the assessment of the following soil properties: carbon content, water content, clay content, bulk density, and soil depth. The study also adopts a novel approach to the economic valuation of soil information by employing for the first time a choice experiment to estimate the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of potential users of the digital maps and their features. The choice experiment took the form of an online survey, administered to about a thousand individuals from the wider soil community. The results reveal significant WTP for maps of high resolution and accuracy that offer map interpretation in addition to a number of soil properties.
The Cold Vadose Zone: Hydrological and Ecological Significance of Frozen‐Soil Processes
Authors: Hayashi Masaki
Published: October 2013

Approximately 50% of soils in the Northern Hemisphere experience seasonal freezing and thawing, which influences physical, chemical, and biological processes in the vadose zone. Soil freeze–thaw drives mechanical processes, including frost heave and soil aggregate formation and breakdown, and controls snowmelt infiltration and runoff. These hydrologic processes determine the soil moisture conditions, which affect plant mortality and growth, soil microbial activities, and nutrient (e.g., C and N) cycles. Nutrients leached from the thawed soil, often with rapid infiltration of snowmelt water, may affect the quality of the groundwater and surface water, in combination with enhanced erosion and sediment load due to freeze–thaw. Nutrients released as greenhouse gases may contribute to climate feedback. With recent climate warming and changes in the extent and depth of frozen soil and permafrost, it is important to understand frozen‐soil processes and their interaction with the environment. The objective of this review is to highlight important aspects of soil freeze–thaw and related processes and to point out research challenges and opportunities in the cold vadose zone.
Efficacy of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection in Acute Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Long-Term Follow Up§
Authors: Saatci Ali Osman , Taskin Okan , Selver Ozlem Barut , Yaman Aylin , Bajin Meltem Soylev
Published: October 2013

Background:

To evaluate the effect of a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with acute nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Subjects and Methods:

In this retrospective clinical data analysis, 17 eyes of sixteen patients who experienced a visual loss with duration of 15 days or less comprised the study group. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) analysis with spectral domain OCT was also performed prior to 0.5 mg Ranibizumab injection, one week, one, three, six months and one year after the injection.

Results:

The mean time between visual loss and intravitreal injection was 7.5 days (Range, 2-15 days). Mean age of patients was 59 years (Range, 41-90 years). Male to female ratio was 6:10. After a single dose of ranibizumab injection, visual gain was noted in 14 of 17 study eyes. In two eyes, visual acuity was minimally reduced and no change was noted in the remaining eye with an initial visual acuity of hand motions. While pre-injection mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.45 ±0.88 log Mar unit, post-injection mean BCVA was 1.00±0.68, 0.86 ±0.70, 0.80 ±0.71, 0.77 ±0.70, 0.77 ±0.70 log Mar unit respectively at the first week, first month, third month, sixth month and first year. In all patients, the mean RNFLT dramatically decreased after the injection during the follow- up. While pre-injection mean RNFLT was 210 ±38 µm, post-injection mean RNFLT was 162.11±40.2, 94±27, 71.23±22.5, 63 ±19 and 57 ±18 µm respectively at the first week, first month, third month, sixth month and first year. No injection related complication was noted during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Intravitreal ranibizumab injection can be a treatment modality in eyes with acute NAION.