bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE HABIT OF USING HAND SANITIZER AMONG TEENAGERS AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED TO WASHING HANDS – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Belgis Belgis , Fatmalouisa Algadrie Zahrah
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The spread of infectious diseases occurs when disease-causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or germs move and infect from one person to another. Teenage is a phase that is very vulnerable to contracting infectious diseases because it is at a stage of physical development, emotional changes, and increased social relationships. One practical way to prevent infectious diseases is to kill disease-causing agents by washing hands. However, its use is often replaced with a more realistic hand sanitizer. For this reason, this research will compare the efficacy of hand sanitizers and hand washing specifically among teenage populations. Methods: This research is a literature study that uses secondary data from publications published in 2007-2024 and is relevant to the topic of discussion. Of the 16,800 articles according to keywords, 8 articles were found that met the criteria for further discussion. Results: The results of the eight journals selected according to the requirements showed that 3 journals stated that using hand sanitizer was more effective than washing hands. Meanwhile, 5 other journals stated that washing hands was more effective than hand sanitizer. Because, there are still remaining germs, bacteria, and viruses stuck to the hands. Moreover, hand sanitizers are not able to clean the deepest layers of the skin, and long-term use also makes the skin dry and irritated because hand sanitizers contain quite high amounts of alcohol. Conclusions: For this reason, teenagers are expected to prioritize washing their hands with soap and running water rather than using hand sanitizer.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTING PATTERNS WITH THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN (10-12 YEARS)
Authors: Lola Azalia Videla , Yunika Kristina Gea Nurti , Nuryanti Lisna
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Children are basically equipped with an emotional nature and must learn to regulate their emotions. Strong emotions can have an impact on a child's physical activity and can disrupt the balance of the child's body. Emotional development in children is influenced by parents' parenting patterns which include children's guidance in managing their internal and external lives. Parenting patterns that are less than optimal can cause anxiety and stress for both children and parents. Methods: This study investigates the relationship between parenting styles and emotional development in school-aged children (10-12 years). Using a descriptive-analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. Results: This study found a significant relationship between parental parenting style and children's emotional development. Specifically, 56.2% of children showed good emotional development, while 43.8% showed sufficient emotional development. Conclusions: These findings support the conclusion that parental parenting styles are related to the emotional development of school-aged children.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY SUPPORT WITH BABY BLUES SYNDROME IN POST PARTICULAR MOTHERS IN THE SIMOREJO REGION, SIMOMULYA DISTRICT, SURABAYA CITY
Authors: Mahundingan Rosari Oktaviana , Andriani Dewi
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Women who have just given birth experience physical and psychological changes. The release period is a time when mothers try to take over responsibility. Psychological changes occur in various periods, namely Taking In, Taking Holding, and Letting Go. The psychological changes of mothers who have just given birth require support from the family to adjust. Postpartum mothers in avoiding Baby Blues Syndrome are also influenced by very important family support. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between family support and the occurrence of Baby Blues Syndrome in postpartum mothers Methods: The research is a cross-sectional research approach, using a sample of 25 postpartum mothers in the Simorejo area, Simomulya District, Surabaya City with a consecutive sampling technique. Analysis of this research data used the Spearman Rho test. Results: The proportion with high family support (57.9%) with a P value (0.000). The meaning that if family support is high then Baby Blues Syndrome will not occur. Conclusions: The average level of family support received was 56%, so this research is expected to increase knowledge for mothers after giving birth by paying attention to family support to avoid the occurrence of Baby Blues Syndrome.
O ensino de funções quadráticas através de recursos computacionais e modelagem matemática
Authors: Marques Leticia Meneses , Lima Oliveira Mirray Victor , Gramacho da Silva Warley
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, são apresentadas atividades envolvendo funções quadráticas, adequadas para turmas do Ensino Médio com conhecimentos básicos sobre funções. Além disso, são explorados os conceitos preliminares das funções de segundo grau e sua aplicação no contexto do movimento uniformemente variado. A sequência didática proposta utiliza os softwares Geogebra e Tracker, com base na teoria da aprendizagem significativa. São abordados a definição e os principais pontos de uma parábola, assim como sua ocorrência em situações do cotidiano, com ênfase na modelagem de lançamento oblíquo. O objetivo deste estudo é destacar a importância de trabalhar os princípios da modelagem matemática no Ensino Básico, proporcionando significado à aprendizagem dos estudantes.
Proposta de Ensino de Função Quadrática Usando Winplot
Authors: Lobato Henrique , Paulo Cléber M. Teixeira
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho consiste em oferecer um método inovador para ensinar a função quadrática para uma turma do 9º ano do ensino Fundamental. A proposta tem como finalidade utilizar o software Winplot como uma ferramenta auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da disciplina de Matemática, tanto para os docentes quanto para os alunos. Além disso, foram empregadas outras ferramentas, como as janelas algébricas, gráficas e de cálculo, que permitem a visualização do gráfico e a compreensão de alguns conceitos relacionados à função. Essa metodologia se apresenta como uma estratégia para que os alunos assimilem um conteúdo abstrato de forma dinâmica, tendo a possibilidade de visualizar as funções por meio da manipulação dos comandos, promovendo, dessa maneira, um amplo desenvolvimento no que eles consideram mais complexo. Portanto, esse trabalho é uma proposta pedagógica direcionada aos docentes de Matemática do ensino Fundamental, com o propósito de aprimorar as técnicas de ensino e verificar se os alunos conseguem adquirir conhecimento prático do conteúdo, incentivando o interesse e a participação dos estudantes durante às aulas.
Information System Taplink in the Library Space
Authors: Maslova Yu. V. , Lukin D. A. , Lukina A. A.
Published: June 2024

With the development of digitalization, new services are emerging that allow attracting users to libraries, personalizing services and automating processes of their comfortable provision, etc. In the context of transformation, libraries have to adapt to new realities, but at the same time, new opportunities appear every day to improve their work in the digital space. Many libraries today lack any clear strategy for working in the virtual space and do not investigate feedback from consumers.In the era of digitalization, it is necessary to implement software and service tools that allow positioning library as a modern comfortable space to meet the society’ information needs. Placing on the library website an interactive Taplink system, designed taking into account real capabilities of libraries, specialists, and user needs and aimed at comfortable access to library resources and consumer activation, may be one of such breakthrough tools. The object of the article is to present the results of the study of the new digital phenomenon – Taplink, as well as of the elaboration and implementation of the pilot project in the Republican Youth Library of Tatarstan in order to assess the effectiveness of the introduction of this digital platform into the library's activities, analyze the library interaction with consumers on this platform, study the statistics of visits and functioning of the interactive system.The proposed project is unique, because it has no analogues in most libraries of the Russian Federation, and the Taplink theme itself is presented only in publications of the business community and is not covered in scientific publications of the library industry. The results of the study can provide significant assistance in the development of a comfortable digital library space.
Book Scholar, Historian, Educator: to the Anniversary of Dmitry Arkadievich Elyashevich
Authors: Mutev V. A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to present a brief biobibliographical and historiographical outline of research activities of the book scientist, historian, teacher and bibliophile D. A. Elyashevich in the context of the evolution of domestic theory of book science. The main stages of the researcher's scientific and professional development are characterized, key areas of his elaborations are highlighted: Jewish press and works on Judaic studies, problems of censorship and censorship institutions in the Russian Empire, theory and methodology of book science. The medialogical approach to book theory and educational practice is substantiated as one of the fundamental achievements of D. A. Elyashevich.
To the 65th Anniversary of the Library of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Karavaeva V. E. , Dergileva T. V.
Published: June 2024

The article contains a brief history of the formation and fruitful activity of one of the largest libraries of Siberian scientific institutions – the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (from 1959). The great contribution of the library staff to the extensive and successful research and educational activities of about a thousand library users: researchers of the Institute, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions of Novosibirsk is presented.
The Altai Mining District Officers’ Activities for Acquisition of the Barnaul Public Library in 1830–1850
Authors: Shelestiuk K. N.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the mining officials’ business correspondence in the Kolyvan-Voskresensk (Altai) mining district as a source of studying the book culture of the mid-XIX century. The details of acquisition and use of collections of the Barnaul Public Library in 1830-1850 are revealed basing on documents stored in the State Archive of the Altai Region. The purpose of the article is to elicit and analyze the information potential of the official documentation of functionaries of the Altai Mining District for studying the history of the book culture of Siberia. Special attention is paid to the accompanying documentation for the books received by the Kolyvan-Voskresensk plants. These documents allow us to identify the main thematic lines in the purchased literature, to characterize the sources of replenishment and options for using the collections of the Barnaul Public Library.The work of the library was primarily subordinated to the needs and goals of the mining industry of the Altai. In 1830–1850 it continued to participate in teaching and training of mining specialists, which influenced the specifics of collections building. Books could be purchased not only on the initiative of the Staff of the Corps of Mining Engineers, but also at the requests of employees of the Altai Mining District. In addition to specialized literature, the mining plants received works published by specialists who worked here for many years.The results of archival documents analysis clearly demonstrate that the incoming books were shared due to mining chief judgment between the Barnaul Public Library, the educational department, mining offices and other institutions in the structure of the Altai Mining District. Some archival documents reflect the titles, number and, in some cases, the cost of received books.The research shows that the office documents of the Altai Mining District can be used for the reconstruction of the composition of the book collection of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk plants and attribution of separate books from this collection.
The Average “Portrait” of SPSTL SB RAS Contemporary Reader
Authors: Vikhreva G. M. , Shevchenko M. A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to actualize the idea readers’ satisfaction with organization of work and quality of library and information services provided by the largest beyond the Urals information institution – State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS). Data collection was conducted in 2023 by face-to-face questionnaire. The survey questions allowed the respondents to rate the library work in points and to express their opinions in a more detailed way. The responses gained were analyzed on quantitative and qualitative levels. The numerical results of the survey gave an overall picture of the readers' preferences and the level of their satisfaction with the library services. Qualitative analyses of the respondents' extended responses contributed to a deeper understanding of the essence of views expressed in them. Basing on the obtained data it was found that the readers of SPSTL SB RAS in general highly appreciated its collections and professional qualities of its staff, considered the conditions of staying in it comfortable. Nevertheless, the complaints expressed by the respondents about the electronic catalogues, the library website, the system of informing about the available services and facilities require prompt response of the relevant library departments. The results of the research allowed us to get the "portrait" of the contemporary SPSTL SB RAS reader, to identify strong and weak aspects in working with him and to formulate proposals that contribute to solving a number of identified problems and determine further steps to improve the library service system.
Editor’s intro. Outgrown the game… «Homo Virtus» vs «Homo Economicus» et «Homo Servus»
Authors: Chernykh S. I.
Published: June 2024

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On the formation of ideological grounds for the prevention of suicidal behavior. Historical and philosophical discourse
Authors: Shklyar E. L. , Koshel V. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. At present Russia ranks second in the number of suicides per 100000 population, fifth in absolute numbers and first in the number of male suicides. So the prevention of suicidal behavior becomes topical undoubtedly.Problem statement. In order to form philosophical and ideological competencies of specialists in this field, the authors undertake a historical and philosophical excursion on the stated problem. The philosophical views of Seneca, Pascal, and Camus provide valuable perspectives on overcoming suicidal behavior.Methodology and methods of the study. To determine the worldview bases of suicidal behavior prevention in this study, as its subject, historical and philosophical analysis of the views of thinkers of different historical epochs was undertaken. The method of philosophical synthesis was used in the resultant and final parts of the study.Results. Historical and philosophical analysis of views on suicide is undertaken as a philosophical methodology for understanding the significance of socio-cultural determination of destructive behavior of suicidal individuals. As a result of the undertaken research the authors believe the conclusion that effective prevention of suicidal behavior is possible only in the context of understanding the dominant behavioral trends and spiritual and moral values in society.Conclusion. The conclusions of the article emphasize the relevance of historical and philosophical discourse in the field of concepts devoted to the spiritual orientation of the individual.
Professor and student in the socio-cultural environment of a university: Aspects of personal and professional development in dialogue interaction
Authors: Gagarin A. V. , Grishaeva Yu. M. , Agraponova N. L. , Madi Visam Nidal
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The problem of joint personal and professional development of teacher and student in socio-cultural environment of a university is being updated. Main conditions for this development are dialogue (collaboration and co-creation) in various types of educational activities (educational in itself, research, communicative, etc.). Purpose setting. Research goal is to explore real opportunities for equal partnership between teacher and student in specially organized joint solution of problems of personal and professional development in the socio-cultural conditions of the academic environment of a modern Russian university. Methodology and methods of the study. The study gives theoretical and methodological generalization of the problem of research, the analysis and interpretation of the results was applied based on the works of foreign and domestic authors. The personal experience and achievements of the authors of the article were used. Methods of the theoretical-methodological and theoretical-applied spectrum are included. Methodological guidelines are evolutionary-historical and socio-ecological approaches, and also environmental approach to education. Results. The study reveals structure of the academic environment of a university as a sociocultural one, marks the role of its components in joint personal and professional development of teachers and students, defines the place and functions of socio-cultural environmental interactions in this process, justifies the teacher’s contribution to changing the environmental interactions of students in the socio-cultural conditions of the academic environment. Conclusion. The article involves important theoretical results, including those obtained earlier., gives their modern interpretation and provides practical recommendations for teachers. Attention is drawn to the competence of the teacher as a mentor. The teacher is considered as an active subject of sociocultural environmental interactions with students.
Synchronous and asynchronous e-learning format as a means to create students’ individual educational trajectory
Authors: Kurenkova T. N. , Maslova O. V. , Strekaleva T. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Thanks to modern technology, the world is constantly transforming. In this regard, the field of education requires special attention. The use of new digital technologies in the learning process has led to the need for changes in the traditional educational paradigm. Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristic features of individual trajectory of students’ learning with the use of synchronous and asynchronous format of e-learning. The study is aimed at discovering the positive influence of the combination of these formats on the effectiveness of the subject being studied (foreign language), the possibilities and prospects for further development, as well as the use of this methodology in the training of students of technical specialties. Methodology and methods of the study. The implementation of the tasks set in the work is carried out on the basis of a set of such research methods as comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, experimental method. Results. As the result of the study the authors found, that it is advisable to combine synchronous and asynchronous e-learning format in the process of forming an individual student’s learning trajectory (in the context of student-centered approach). Separate application of these two formats is not effective and does little to increase motivation, does not make the learning process more active and focused on the final achievements, accessibility of the material being taught. The latest student-centered technologies, the implementation of which allows the formation of self-directed learning, fully coincide with the requirements of students to the educational standards they receive in higher education institutions. The results obtained in the course of the study show that an individual approach to each student leads to improved organization of the educational process, when the student independently chooses a set of educational materials, the level of mastering in accordance with his future professional career interests and desired learning outcomes. Conclusion. The conclusions and materials of this study will contribute to the improvement of the level of teaching such a subject of interdisciplinary cycle as foreign language.
Narcissistic personality disorder: an opinionated review of the efficacy of psychotherapy
Authors: Szalay Zóra , Hardaker Mark , Tsakanikos Elias
Published: June 2024

The literature base on the effectiveness of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is scarce with few empirically sound studies and there has been no systematic review for over a decade. The authors conducted a systematic review to analyze the outcome trials measuring the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions in improving NPD symptoms. A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO electronic databases. Eligible studies were selected based on pre-written inclusion criteria and their methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. The literature search resulted in eight eligible studies, including six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a non-randomized clinical trial, and a quasi-experimental study. The types of psychotherapeutic interventions examined were schema therapy (ST), clarification-oriented psychotherapy, psychodynamic therapy, and supportive-expressive psychotherapy. Six studies compared the outcomes of these interventions against one another or a control group (treatment as usual (TAU) or waiting list). Two studies compared the efficacy of different settings including inpatient, outpatient, and day hospital treatment. Seven studies found that psychotherapeutic interventions resulted in a significant improvement in NPD and related symptoms. ST was shown to be more efficient than TAU and clarification-oriented therapy. There was no consistent evidence of the other intervention types outperforming one another and therefore further RCTs are needed to confirm whether any of them are superior.
Morphological Epidermal Compounds Diagnosis
Authors: CHESCA ANTONELLA
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyse and to identify specific structural characteristics of melanocytic nevi. So, for better conclusions, using the optical microscope, could be possible a proper describtion related melanocytic nevi, reffering to youth pacients. In this research direction, good to mention that in a human individual life, play a significant role, different factors. That include in line, genetic, epigenetic, microbiomic, and proteomic factors. Future directions refers to preventive and prophylactic methods.
Effectiveness of blood electrolyte homeostasis regulation in polar foxes (Alopex lagopus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland, Skrzypczak Wiesław , Szymeczko Roman ,   Firma Esfeed, Gołębia 73/19, 85-309 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Wiśniewska-Kwaśnik Katarzyna ,   Science and Technology Park of Szczecin, Cyfrowa 6, 71-441 Szczecin, Poland, Piątek Anna ,   Apis LLC, Kossaka 3, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland
Published: June 2024

The Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus, L. 1758) is maintained in captivity for breeding purposes due to the high quality of its winter fur. The success of breeding these animals depends primarily on their health, which determines high reproductive rates, low neonatal mortality and proper development of young animals. A prerequisite for maintaining good health is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, especially water-electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the main electrolytes affecting volemia and osmolality of body fluids. In the current study, the results regarding the renal capacity of six-month-old foxes to regulate sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are presented, considering the sex of these animals. It has been shown that the concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the blood serum of six-month-old polar foxes, as well as the osmotic pressure of the blood serum, were within the upper limits of physiological normal range. Higher concentrations of sodium and potassium were observed in males of these animals. Nonetheless, the results indicated efficient regulation of blood electrolyte homeostasis, both in females and males.
O Poder Judiciário italiano entre Constituição e Direito Europeu: autonomia, independência, imparcialidade e defesa dos direitos
Authors: Celone Cristiano
Published: June 2024

The Italian Constitution, the European Law and the European Convention on Human Rights, contain the basic principles that, together with implementing legislation, ensure effective judicial protection of people's fundamental rights and freedoms and contribute to shape the rule of law. These are the guarantees of the right todefence, due process of law, natural judge, irremovability of judges, and in particular the guarantees of autonomy, independence and impartiality, which are recognisedto the Judiciary and individual magistrates, above all through the creation of autonomous governing bodies for ordinary and special magistracy, the selection of magistrates by public examination (apart from a few exceptional cases), limitations on the right of magistrates to take part in political, associative and other activities.The necessary co-operation between national judges and the Court of Justice of the European Unionplays an equally essential role to protect people's fundamental rights. The need to fully guaranteeand the inability of the legislator to protect adequately them has determined, over the years, a progressive extension of judges' powers. It produced, on one hand, tensions with Political Power, mainly due to the degenerative effects of the associative phenomenon among magistrates, on the other,long duration of judgments.The judicial reform law no. 71 of 2022 attempted to repair, at least partially, the problem of the politicisation of Judiciary. This law is one of the reforms included in the extensive National Recovery and Resilience Plan, launched in 2021, which pursues, among other fundamental objectives, that of reducing the times of Justice, mainly by the reorganisation of judiciary offices and the digitalisation of Justice, whose results are still awaited.
A Study to Identify Individuals At Risk To Be Affected By Pompe Disease Who Had PrevioUsly Been Given a Non-Specific OR Tentative DiagnosiS For Their MUsclEWeakness (Pompe PURSUE)
Authors: Laney Dawn , Banks Kayla A. , Botha Eleanor G. , Keever Maria , Long Valynne , Foley Allison L.
Published: June 2024

Background
Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that results in severe progressive proximal muscle weakness. Over time, reductions in muscle strength result in respiratory failure and a loss of ambulation. Delayed diagnosis of LOPD deprives patients of treatments that can enhance quality of life and potentially slow disease progression. The objective of this study is to determine if patients with a nonspecific diagnosis, such as muscle weakness, may have LOPD using retrospective chart review of patients seen at two centers: an academic center and a community health system.
Results
Initial data pulls identified 80,070 patients with one of the ICD-10 codes of interest. Chart review found 551 of these patients also had at least one lab value commonly abnormal in individuals with LOPD and of these 110 scored as “at-risk”. After removing phenocopies/other confirmed unrelated diagnoses, 46 individuals were contacted either directly or through their healthcare provider for genetic counseling. Three patients had pretest genetic counseling and were tested for decreased levels of acid-α-glucosidase. One patient was found to have deficient acid-α-glucosidase. Additionally, a physician educated through the program ordered LOPD testing for their patient and diagnosed them with LOPD.
Conclusion
This study confirms that a symptom-based scoring system and chart review combined with provider education can identify patients who are at increased likelihood to have a missed LOPD diagnosis.
Determination of biotin interference in pediatric obesity related ELISA research kits
Authors: Kahraman Ezgi Kürkçü , DONMA Orkide , Donma Mustafa Metin , YILMAZ Ahsen , GÜZEL SAVAŞ
Published: June 2024

Background
Although high-dose biotin interference is now considered in automated immunoassays, it has not yet been detected in manually studied research kits, especially with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the possibility of biotin interference in these kits has not been demonstrated. The aims of our study were to determine the effects of biotin interference on various parameters, including leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), ghrelin, acylated ghrelin, deacylated ghrelin, ghrelin receptor (GHSR), kisspeptin (KISS1), kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), preptin, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ), nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), which contribute to energy homeostasis in healthy and obese children.
Methods
Serum pools were prepared from healthy and obese individuals, and biotin concentrations in samples containing different amounts of biotin were measured via sandwich and competitive ELISA methods. In addition, possible biotin interactions were investigated by determining the concentrations of all the study parameters in serum pools containing different amounts of biotin.
Results
More consistent results were obtained with biotin-competitive, ghrelin-competitive, KISS1-competitive, GHSR, leptin and LEPR ELISA kits. Unexpectedly, high levels were detected in the biotin sandwich ELISA kit, indicating that biotin interference may also occur in manually run research kits.
Conclusions
Biotin exhibited an interference effect even in well-functioning, qualified kits, and this negative effect was less common in competitive kits. Biotin interference was closely associated with the quality of the research kit, the parameters studied and the presence of high biotin concentrations in the blood.
GMP-compliant automated radiosynthesis of [18F] SynVesT-1 for PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Li Xiaochen , Ge Yao , Li Huiqiang , Li Ruili , Song Xiaosheng , Liang Jianfei , Zhang Weifeng , Li Xiaona , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Yunjuan , Wu Yaping , Bai Yan , Wang Meiyun
Published: June 2024

Background
A novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer, [18F] SynVesT-1, targeting synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2A), has been developed to meet clinical demand. Utilizing the Trasis AllinOne-36 (AIO) module, we’ve automated synthesis to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards, ensuring sterile, pyrogen-free production. The fully GMP-compliant robust synthesis of [18F] SynVesT-1 boosting reliability and introducing a significant degree of simplicity and its comprehensive validation for routine human use.
Results
[18F] SynVesT-1 was synthesized by small modifications to the original [18F] SynVesT-1 synthesis protocol to better fit AIO module using an in-house designed cassette and sequence. With a relatively small precursor load of 5 mg, [18F] SynVesT-1 was obtained with consistently high radiochemical yields (RCY) of 20.6 ± 1.2% (the decay-corrected RCY, n = 3) at end of synthesis. Each of the final formulated batches demonstrated radiochemical purity (RCP) and enantiomeric purity surpassing 99%. The entire synthesis process was completed within a timeframe of 80 minutes (75 ± 3.1 min, n = 3), saves 11 minutes compared to reported GMP automated synthesis procedures. The in-human PET imaging of total body PET/CT and time-of-flight (TOF) PET/MR showed that [18F] SynVesT-1 is an excellent tracer for SV2A. It is advantageous for decentralized promotion and application in multi-center studies.
Conclusion
The use of AIO synthesizer maintains high production yields and increases reliability, reduces production time and allows rapid training of production staff. Besides, the as-prepared [18F] SynVesT-1 displays excellent in vivo binding properties in humans and holds great potential for the imaging and quantification of synaptic density in vivo.
Finite Element Design Optimization by Doe Technique of the Torsional Stress Behavior for Niti Rotary Endodontic Instruments
Authors: Russo Franco Maria Di , Gisario Annamaria , Zanza Alessio , Natali Stefano , Ruta Giuseppe , Testarelli Luca
Published: June 2024

Nickel-Titanium (NiTi ) rotary endodontic instruments are fundamental in modern dentistry, as the greater mechanical properties and flexibility make the treatment of the root canal faster and more effective. The present study deals with an analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the NiTi endodontic instruments during the application of torsional stresses, through a finite element simulation model. The model simulates the interaction of rotary endodontic instruments within a curved conical canal, focusing on the impact of various geometric parameters. Key factors such as the cross-section, the pitch and the taper have been analysed to discern their influence on the mechanical performance of the instrument. Subsequently, a topological optimization was made to customize the design in order to improve the performance’s instrument under torsional stress. The investigation revealed a significant correlation between the polar moment of inertia of the resistant section and the stifness of the instrument. Through the variation of taper and pitch, individually or in combination, it was possible to identify ranges of parameter values for the definition of more flexible or more rigid behaviour. In particular, it was observed that lower taper increases the flexibility of the instrument, while a higher pitch increases flexibility.
Disrupted Host-Microbiota Crosstalk Promotes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression by Impaired Mitophagy
Authors: Yin Wenjing , Gao Wenxing , Yang Yuwei , Lin Weili , Chen Wanning , Zhu Xinyue , Zhu Ruixin , Zhu Lixin , Jiao Na
Published: June 2024

Background: The intricate interplay between host genes and intrahepatic microbes is vital in shaping the hepatic microenvironment and contributes significantly to our understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms of disease progression mediated by these interactions remain largely elusive.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 570 liver biopsy transcriptomes from five cohorts, including 72 control, 124 nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), 143 borderline and 231 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) samples. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator penalized regression and Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis were utilized to identify host-microbiota interactions and their function.
Results: We observed significant upregulations of key genes involved in mitochondrial organization across all disease stages, while genes related to antigen processing showed abnormal activations in advanced stages like NASH. Additionally, the abundances of intrahepatic microbes Methyloversatilis sp. RAC08 and Ralstonia insidiosadecreased significantly across all NAFLD stages. We identified 5537, 1937, 1485, and 2933 host-microbiota interactions in control, NAFL, borderline, and NASH samples, respectively. Notably, interaction strength showed a decreasing trend, especially during the transition from the borderline stage to NASH. In NAFL and borderline stages, bacteria like Bacillales, Ralstonia insidiosa, and Micromonosporaceae played pivotal roles in enhancing host mitophagy by interacting with genes including SQSTM1, OPTN, and BNIP3L. However, such interaction functional clusters were absent in NASH samples.
Conclusion: Disturbed host-microbiota interactions affecting the mitophagy process can lead to a pro-inflammatory hepatic microenvironment through activation of immune reactions, potentially driving disease progression to NASH.
Optimizing community health workers and non-biomedical approaches to assess the burden of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in a school-aged population in rural Rwanda
Authors: Manzi Anatole , Katz Benjamin , Nguyen Daniel , Bekele Emrakabe , Niyonzima Joseph , Nyiraneza Olive , Hirschhorn Lisa R
Published: June 2024

Background:
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) remain a major public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, especially among children. The conventional methods for diagnosing STHs require well-equipped laboratories and trained personnel, often scarce or inaccessible in rural and remote settings. Algorithmic non-biomedical screening tools are a potential strategy for CHWs to ensure rapid detection and referral of children with possible STH infection. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a community health worker-led screening program in rural Rwanda. We also sought to describe the Knot, a model leveraging community health workers (CHWs) as school-based health agents (SBHAs) to facilitate the screening, referral, and follow-up of children with presumptive STH, as well as the engagement of teachers and community members in preventive interventions.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 746 school-aged children in Musanze district, Rwanda, between August 2021 and November 2022. We used Beta CommScreen, an algorithmic non-biomedical screening tool that collects socio-demographic, anthropometric, and symptomatic data, as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, to assess the risk of STH infection. The SBHAs engaged teachers and community members in developing a bundle of interventions, such as deworming campaigns, WASH education, and targeted home visits. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with presumptive STH infection. We analyzed the data using Stata version 15.1.
Results:
Of 746 children screened by the SBHA, 322 (43%) reported signs of STH infections, and 220 (29%) were referred to the clinic for treatment, the rest of children (102, 14%) were provided with deworming medication at school. Having a CHW for routine monitoring and not walking barefoot were associated with lower risk of STH symptoms (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21,0.64) and (OR = 0.49, 95% CI:0.08,3.11), respectively. Not washing hands before eating and after using the toilet were not significantly associated with possible STH infections (OR = 7.40, 95%CI:0.79,68.94) and (OR = 3.82, 95%CI:0.37,39.37). Other factors, including the place of residence and age, were also not associated with STH symptoms.
Conclusions:
We found the CHWs were able to use a simple algorithmic screening tool to identify a high burden of symptoms of possible STH. This CHW-based approach to carry out school-based screening of STH infections builds on the strong CHW system in Rwanda, although strengthening referrals to ensure all symptomatic children receive treatment is needed. Strengthening the connection between schools and community-based health services can further expand disease prevention and treatment, furthering Rwanda’s success in improving health and wellbeing.
Increasing Incidence of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in Germany: An Analysis of the Federal Statistical Office Database from 2005 to 2022
Authors: Thavarajasingam Santhosh G. , Salih Ahmed , Namireddy Srikar R. , Ringel Florian , Kramer Andreas
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a reversible cause of gait disturbances and dementia in the elderly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In Germany, the epidemiology and surgical management of NPH are not well understood. This study aimed to characterise epidemiological trends and evaluate surgical management strategies for NPH in Germany.
Methods
A retrospective nationwide population-based study of NPH cases in Germany from 2005 to 2022 was conducted using data from the German Federal Statistical Office. Parameters assessed included incidence trends, demographic characteristics, and surgical interventions.
Results
A total of 118,526 NPH diagnoses were recorded, with 29,662 surgical interventions. The population-adjusted incidence of NPH increased by 48%, from 5.4 to 8.0 cases per 100,000 individuals (p < 0.001), peaking in 2018. The largest increases were seen in the “80–89” age group, followed by the “70–79” and “90+” age groups. Surgical interventions increased by 8.4% (p < 0.001), with ventriculoperitoneal shunt being the predominant procedure.
Conclusion
The study highlights a 48% rise in NPH incidence in Germany from 2005 to 2022, particularly affecting the elderly. There was also an increase in surgical interventions, underscoring the need for prioritising NPH in national healthcare research agendas.
Development and validation of a neural network-based survival model for mortality prediction in ischemic heart disease
Authors: Brunak Søren , Holm Peter , Haue Amalie Dahl , Westergaard David , Röder Timo , Banasik Karina , Tragante Vinicius , Christensen Alex , Thomas Laurent , Nøst Therese , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Iversen Kasper , Pedersen Frants , Høfsten Dan , Pedersen Ole , Ostrowski Sisse , Ullum Henrik , Svendsen Mette , Gjødsbøl Iben , Gudnason Thorarinn , Gudbjartsson Daniel , Helgadottir Anna , Hveem Kristian , Køber Lars , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari , Bundgaard Henning
Published: June 2024

Background
The reduced precision of currently applied risk prediction models for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a limitation for clinical use. Using machine learning to integrate a much broader panel of features from electronic health records (EHRs) may improve precision markedly.
Methods
The development and validation of a prediction model for IHD in this study was based on Danish and Icelandic data from clinical quality databases, national registries, and electronic health records. Danish patients suspected for IHD and referred for a coronary angiography showing 1, 2, or 3 vessel-disease or diffuse coronary artery disease between 2006 and 2016 were included for model development (n = 39,746). Time to all-cause mortality, the prediction target, was tracked until 2019, or up to 5 years, whichever came first. To model time-to-event data and address censoring, neural network-based discrete-time survival models were used. Our prediction model, PMHnet, used up to 584 different features including clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and diagnosis and procedure codes. Model performance was evaluated using time-dependent AUC (tdAUC) and the Brier score and was benchmarked against the updated GRACE risk score and less feature-rich neural network models. Models were evaluated using hold-out data (n = 5,000) and external validation data from Iceland (n = 8,287). Feature importance and model explainability factors were assessed using SHAP analysis.
Findings
: On the test set (n = 5,000), the tdAUC of PMHnet was 0.88[0.86–0.90] (case count = 196) at six months, 0.88[0.86–0.90] (cc = 261) at one year, 0.84[0.82–0.86] (cc = 395) at three years, and 0.82[0.80–0.84] (cc = 763) at five years. The model predictions were well-calibrated. PMHnet showed similar performance in the Icelandic data. Compared to the GRACE score and intermediate models limited to GRACE features or single data modalities, PMHnet had significantly better model discrimination across all evaluated prediction timepoints.
Interpretation:
More complex and feature-rich machine learning models improved prediction of all-cause mortality in patients with IHD and may be used to inform and guide clinical management.
The Prospective Relationship Between Uptake of Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Financial Strain, and Health in Underserved Families
Authors: Arnetz Bengt B. , Grinstead Alesia , Thomas Gabrielle , Hetherwick Matt , Ma Wenjuan , Arble Eamonn , Kabalan Malak , Cole Andrew , Arnetz Judith E. , Ayoub Riham
Published: June 2024

The federal government offers earned income tax credit (EITC) to working low and middle-income families. Lack of knowledge and distrust in government result in a large proportion of qualified families does not uptake (‘claim”) EITC. The study objectives were to (1) determine whether a community derived EITC outreach campaign resulted in improved knowledge of EITC, and (2) examine the relationship between financial stress and self-rated health. A total of 215 women attending Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) centers in southeast Detroit, Michigan, were recruited in 2021. Participants filled out a survey at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months, respectively. The 1-year retention rate was 48% (n = 104). The survey contained questions on sociodemographics, financial stressors, exercise, health, and knowledge of EITC. At baseline, knowledge about EITC was low (mean 1.1 [SE 0.3] on a 0–10 visual analogue scale) but increased significantly during the first six months (2.9 [0.3]; p < .01). Approximately 38% of respondents worried about not having sufficient funds to pay for rent/mortgage at baseline, and almost 28% worried about not being able to buy nutritious meals for their families. Worry about paying for meals at the 6-month mid-point assessment was significantly related to self-rated health at 12 months (p = 0.013). Self-rated health at 12 months was significantly lower (-0.74; 95% confidence interval − 1.40, − 0.16) among those worrying vs not worrying about paying for meals. The model explained 5.6% (r2 = 0.056) of the variance in self-rated health at 12-months. The study shows that knowledge about EITC is limited among qualified households. A community engaged EITC outreach campaign increased knowledge substantially. Financial strain is related to worsening self-rated health. EITC is an underused bipartisan, pro-employment supported federal program to address near-poverty and poverty among underserved families.
Thermal defect detection of electrical components in transmission lines based on infrared images and deep learning
Authors: Liu Chuanyang , Liu Jingjing , Wu Yiquan , Sun Zuo
Published: June 2024

The safe operation of transmission lines will be an important guarantee for domestic economic construction, and it is urgent to improve the fault diagnosis and identification ability of electrical components in transmission lines. In order to realize electrical components identification and thermal defect detection from massive aerial images, in this study, a cascaded detection method is proposed based on infrared images and YOLO model. Firstly, two infrared datasets used for classification and localization are created, totaling 4887 infrared images. Secondly, to enhance the accuracy and robustness of electrical components identification, similarity-based attention mechanism modules, cross-level weighted feature pyramid network, and Wise IoU are introduced to the original YOLOv7. Finally, the improved YOLOv7 model and comparative models are trained and then tested on the infrared datasets. The mAP of the improved model reaches 97.4%, which is 6% higher than that of the original YOLOv7. More importantly, by cascading the improved YOLOv7 and YOLOv7-tiny for thermal defect detection, the AP value of the proposed method (87.91%) is more than 20% higher than that of YOLOv7 (67.17%). The experimental results show that the cascaded model is superior to mainstream object detection models in electrical components identification and thermal defect detection, and it is expected to be deployed on embedded devices for real-time inspection of transmission lines.