bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bounding a Linear Causal Effect Using Relative Correlation Restrictions
Authors: Krauth Brian
Published: June 2015

This paper describes and implements a simple partial solution to the most common problem in applied microeconometrics: estimating a linear causal effect with a potentially endogenous explanatory variable and no suitable instrumental variables. Empirical researchers faced with this situation can either assume away the endogeneity or accept that the effect of interest is not identified. This paper describes a middle ground in which the researcher assumes plausible but nontrivial restrictions on the correlation between the variable of interest and relevant unobserved variables relative to the correlation between the variable of interest and observed control variables. Given such relative correlation restrictions, the researcher can then estimate informative bounds on the effect and assess the sensitivity of conventional estimates to plausible deviations from exogeneity. Two empirical applications demonstrate the potential usefulness of this method for both experimental and observational data.
On the structure of finite groups isospectral to finite simple groups
Authors: Grechkoseeva Mariya A. , Vasil'ev Andrey V.
Published: June 2015

Finite groups are said to be isospectral if they have the same sets of element orders. A finite nonabelian simple group L is said to be almost recognizable by
spectrum if every finite group isospectral to L is an almost simple group with socle isomorphic to L. It is known that all finite simple sporadic,
alternating and exceptional groups of Lie type, except J
2, A
6, A
10 and 3
D
4(2), are almost recognizable by spectrum. The present paper is the final step in the proof
of the following conjecture due to V. D. Mazurov: there exists a positive integer d
0 such that every finite simple classical group of dimension larger than d
0 is almost recognizable by spectrum.
Namely, we prove that a nonabelian composition factor of a finite group isospectral to a finite simple symplectic or orthogonal group L of dimension at least 10, is either isomorphic to L or not a group of Lie type in the same characteristic as L, and combining this result with earlier work, we deduce that Mazurov's conjecture holds with d
0 = 60.
Dehydrogenative borylation: the dark horse in metal-catalyzed hydroborations and diborations?
Authors: Geier Stephen J. , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: June 2015

Metal-catalyzed hydroborations and diborations frequently give “unwanted” side products arising from a competing dehydrogenative borylation reaction. While catalyst development initially focused on avoiding this “deleterious” pathway, fine tuning of a catalyst system could provide an efficient method to generate unsaturated alkenylboronate esters, synthetically valuable synthons for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The aim of this review is to highlight the history and development of the dehydrogenative borylation reaction in the metal-catalyzed synthesis of alkenylboronate esters.
Streamlined Genome Engineering with a Self-Excising Drug Selection Cassette
Authors: Dickinson Daniel J , Pani Ariel M , Heppert Jennifer K , Higgins Christopher D , Goldstein Bob
Published: June 2015

A central goal in the development of genome engineering technology is to reduce the time and labor required to produce custom genome modifications. Here we describe a new selection strategy for producing fluorescent protein (FP) knock-ins using CRISPR/Cas9-triggered homologous recombination. We have tested our approach in Caenorhabditis  elegans. This approach has been designed to minimize hands-on labor at each step of the procedure. Central to our strategy is a newly developed self-excising cassette (SEC) for drug selection. SEC consists of three parts: a drug-resistance gene, a visible phenotypic marker, and an inducible Cre recombinase. SEC is flanked by LoxP sites and placed within a synthetic intron of a fluorescent protein tag, resulting in an FP–SEC module that can be inserted into any C. elegans gene. Upon heat shock, SEC excises itself from the genome, leaving no exogenous sequences outside the fluorescent protein tag. With our approach, one can generate knock-in alleles in any genetic background, with no PCR screening required and without the need for a second injection step to remove the selectable marker. Moreover, this strategy makes it possible to produce a fluorescent protein fusion, a transcriptional reporter and a strong loss-of-function allele for any gene of interest in a single injection step.
Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Pylypenko L. , Kalatur K.
Published: June 2015

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30,
Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.
Regulation of nitrogen-carbon interactions in agroecosystems in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Velichko V. , Demidenko О.
Published: June 2015

Aim. To determine the specifi ed parameters of the complex model of nitrogen-carbon circulation while using different types of crop rotation, kinds of organic fertilizers and ways of soil cultivation in agroecosystems of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical.
Results. Specifi c types of organic fertilizers affect the emission of СО 2 into the lowest atmospheric layer: in case of humus the typical emission interval is 25–85 t/ha, while in case of secondary products it is 70–160 t/ ha. The impact of the way of chernozem preparation on nitrogen-carbon circulation is manifested in the fact that in case of subsurface tillage the carbon balance in soil was positively increasing compared to ploughing. The interval of СО 2 emission into the lowest atmospheric layer due to the mineralization of humus and organic fertilizers with ploughing changes in a wider range compared against subsurface tillage.
Conclusions. The nitrogen-carbon interactions are impaired due to the introduction of humus and removal of secondary products beyond the boundaries of the agroecosystem in the course of ploughing. The application of ground secon- dary products of crop production as organic fertilizers, wrapped up into the surface layer of chernozem during the subsurface tillage of soil, simulates the natural course of nitrogen-carbon circulation in agroecosystems of different types. Natural soil formation process is simulated due to the activation of photosynthetic activity of cultivated crops with СО 2 saturation in the lowest atmospheric layer, which provides for extensive restoration of chernozem fertility in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture
Authors: Medvedev V.
Published: June 2015

Aim. To consider soil continuality and discreteness as features of heterogeneity manifestation in a soil cover, important for construction of agriculture systems.
Methods. Geostatistical research of soil spatial heterogeneity, revealing the contours of a fi eld with various parameters of fertility.
Results. The use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of indicative properties of fi eld soils using a regular grid allowed to divide a fi eld into contours with three levels of fertility: the fi rst one is characterized by optimal or close to optimum properties which allows refusing from (or reducing substantially) tillage, introduction of fertilizers or chemical ameliorates; the second one has average parameters of fertility corresponding to zonal soils and demands the application of zonal technologies; the third one (with the worst parameters of fertility) presupposes regular use of the improved technologies.
Conclusions. The introduction of precise agriculture will allow replacing a traditional zonal system with thenew which is soil-protecting and resource-saving one.
Methods of disseminating dance in European museums
Authors: Erlien Tone
Published: June 2015

A dance museum is a rare reality in Europe. As a result of a wide-range research, the author has found ten museums with different levels of dance dissemination presenting interesting approaches in means of communicating the tacit factor of dance knowledge. She has discovered that visitors engage differently in such communication and a variation in technical equipment gives the transmission of knowledge new expressions. Personal descriptions and pictures from the field will illustrate these means. Moreover, interviews with museum staffs have provided various insights into ideologies and methods. This paper attempts to apply the principles of “New Museology” and Article 18 of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) to dance presentation techniques in the museums discussed. The red thread in this multi-sited fieldwork amongst different types of museums and dance genres in Europe will be highlighted. Findings and visits prove that there still is a clear division between the traditional museums and new museums in regards to the level of visitors’ interaction. In relation to dance and ICH this is a field in its infancy and must be further debated and developed. Interesting points of view come from Museum International articles and New Museology theories and will be the tools of evaluation of what the fieldwork materials present.
Computer-aided dance analysis in practice — with Labanatory
Authors: Misi Gábor
Published: June 2015

Hungarian folk dance has strict structure, which plays an important role in its authenticity. Besides the connections of dance elements, it is important to consider quantitative features of a dance such as the frequency of dance elements and the frequency of connections. The number of occurrences of a dance element or several consecutive dance elements in a dance performance can be counted with a computer tool if the dance is notated and its notation is digitized.

Labanatory has been developed in Hungary as a tool that is capable of searching for repeating patterns in Labanotation scores, that is to identify recurring movements. The paper shows the software in use: how the researcher can use this kind of tool in practice. It shows actual examples of detecting recurring notated movements with several kinds of searches (simple, compound, wildcard, symmetric, and augmented searches). It points out that searches have to be used in an iterative way during the analysis when creating ‘good’ queries from Labanotation symbols. Notation parts can be labeled in the program in any phase of the analysis and the researcher can revise the label markers offered as a result of a search. From the labeled dance parts, the user can make basic statistics on the analyzed dance performances.

The examination of original dance texts is very important in dance education. It is beneficial if a student can access fieldwork-texts directly, not only through the teacher’s filter. The student can focus on dance elements in accordance with his own interest by creating his own queries and performing the related computer searches. He can detect dance elements of any length and examine any consecutive combinations of them. Evaluating search results can allow the student to interpret dance structures in new ways.
Unheard but visible — defining dance and music synchrony in silent films
Authors: Fügedi János , Vavrinecz András
Published: June 2015

The authors of this paper introduce a method of establishing the dance and music synchrony of silent films by observing the play of musical instruments in case of the early dance films before the 1960s. They claim that applying the method needs the joint recording of the dancer(s) and the musician(s), as well as a thorough knowledge of instrument use, that of the ways of instrumental decorations and the movement analytical skill, which supported finding the connection between music and dance. They note that recording the dancers and the musicians in the same picture frame (or with time coded separate cameras) even in case of video recording is vital from the point of studying the interactions between the dancers and the musicians and their non-verbal communication, which is not possible without seeing the musicians as well.
Insider-outsider phenomenon in traditional dance research in indigenous communities
Authors: Kibirige Ronald
Published: June 2015

Scholarly research in the field of traditional dance1 has been carried out under the umbrella of cultural studies that have been ignored in all academic circles in the East African states of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda. Until the late 1960s, there was no distinguished academic institution in the East African region that offered studies in dance. Although traditional dance plays a pivotal role in the execution of the day-to-day activities in many East African communities, less effort has been put into its development in form of research from within the region. Much of its sources today create concern due, but not limited only, to their scarcity, but also to the fact that outsiders from the dance traditions in question mostly author them, thereby creating a perennial outsider-researcher phenomenon. In this paper, I reflect on two traditional dance research experiences; In Transylvania — Romania in October 2013, and a comparatively longer experience of folk dancing in the different rural communities of Uganda in a quest to further understand the practical results of a field research in traditional dance that is rather dominated by dance researchers from outside that dance culture, and the influence of such research results to the bearers of the dance tradition.
Traditional Hungarian Romani/Gypsy dance and Romanian electronic pop-folk music in Transylvania
Authors: Korzenszky Tamás
Published: June 2015

This fieldwork-based ethnochoreological study focuses on traditional dances of Hungarian Romani/Gypsy communities in Transylvania (Romania) practiced to electronic pop-folk music. This kind of musical accompaniment is applied not only to the fashionable Romanian manele, but also to their traditional dances (named csingerálás1, cigányos.) Thus Romanian electronic pop-folk music including Romani/Gypsy elements provides the possibility for the survival of Transylvanian Hungarian Romani/Gypsy dance tradition both at community events and public discoes. The continuity in dance idiom is maintained through changes in musical idiom — a remarkable phenomenon, worthy of further discussion from the point of view of the continuity of cultural tradition.
A study of amateur groups’ re-interpretation of traditional dances in Ghana: Role on continuity and safeguarding
Authors: Awuah Eric Baffour
Published: June 2015

The amateur dance category in Ghana has been a vibrant force in the performance of traditional Ghanaian dancing for over 20 years. Fluid in ideologies, they have been able to affect the paradigms of traditional dancing in Ghana so much that their activities cannot be overlooked. Even though they are mostly taunted as the ‘destroyers’ of traditional forms by some schools of thought, this category’s input is especially important as they have a direct influence on dance structures in Ghana through their re-interpretations of traditional dance forms. This paper seeks to identify some distinctive re-interpretative styles/patterns this category exerts on traditional dances and their effects on preservation of traditional dances in Ghana.
Social agency inventing the nation: The case of Rahbani Brothers, Abdel Halim Caracalla & the Lebanese folk dance
Authors: Al Obeidyine Jana
Published: June 2015

Since the raise of postcolonial discourse, it has been difficult to look at folk dance groups in a none-western, ‘developed’ context without situating them in relation to the ‘nationalist’ project attributed to the West and the Soviet ‘normalization’ project. Through the specific case of the Lebanese Rahbani Brothers’ theater and Abdel Halim Caracalla’s dance theater, this paper aims to discuss the possibility of a theoretical framework that involves the role of individuals in the formation of social and cultural structures that is not utterly dictated, shaped and controlled by supreme and homogenous ideological, political or economic power. The paper relies, primarily, on the explanatory theory of False-necessity proposed by Roberto Unger.
Co-development of complementary technology and modified-CPL family for organic digital integrated circuits
Authors: Carta Fabio , Hlaing Htay , Edrees Hassan , Yang Shyuan , Seok Mingoo , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: June 2015

We present a novel logic family alternative to classic CMOS logic and its experimental demonstration for digital application of organic electronics. The proposed logic family is a modified version of the complementary pass-transistor logic (mCPL), which allows use of a stronger transistor (in our case the p-FET) to provide more of the current required to switch the capacitance in the device. We report the integration and characterization of this new class of gates and compare them with the equivalent CMOS structures. The characterization of inverters shows improved tolerance to process variation, up to 2.5× better delay, and 1.7× smaller area for the mCPL devices. Comparison of NOR and NAND gates shows 1.8× and 4.1× reduced gate delay. A 3× reduced energy consumption per operation is also simulated. The improved performance of the mCPL design makes it an alternative architecture for logic application of organic electronics.
Equivalent-inclusion approach for estimating the elastic moduli of matrix composites with non-circular inclusions
Authors: Quyet Tran Nguyen , Chinh Pham Duc , Binh Tran Anh
Published: June 2015

A novel approach to predict the effective elastic moduli of matrix composites made from non-circular inclusions embedded in a continuous matrix is proposed. In this approach, those inhomogeneities are substituted by simple equivalent circular-inclusions with modified elastic properties obtained from comparing the dilute solution results. Available simple approximations for the equivalent circular-inclusion medium then can be used to estimate the effective elastic moduli of the original composite. Robustness of proposed approach is demonstrated through the numerical examples with elliptic inclusions.
The effect of boundary conditions on the efficiency of heat or contaminant removal from a ventilated room
Authors: Tran T. V. , Thuy N. T.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents numerical simulations of the convection and diffusion of heat or a contaminant released from a source in a ventilated two-dimensional room with one inlet and one or two outlets. Besides the influential factors on the air flow characteristic such as the Reynolds number (Re) and Grashof number (Gr) as well as the geometrical arrangement of the inlet and outlets, the effect of imposing boundary conditions particularly the condition at the outlet upon the air flow is studied numerically in this paper. By imposing an adequate condition for heat/contaminant on the outlet, the steady and near steady solutions of the problem are firstly computed. These solutions allow to evaluate the removal efficiency as well as show the different influence of the zero-value condition from that of the zero-flux one on the air flow characteristic. As shown in this paper, these two boundary conditions have quite different effects on the heat/mass transfer capability of the air flow.
Radion Production in e\(^+\)e\(^-\) Collisions
Authors: Giang Bui Thi Ha , Thuy Dao Thi Le , Dai Nguyen Van , Soa Dang Van
Published: June 2015

We analyse the potential of the e+e− collisions to search for the radion in theRandall-Sundrum model, where compactification radius of the extra dimension isstabilized by the radion, which is a scalar field lighter than the graviton Kaluza- Klein states. The radion production in the high energy e+e− colliders withpolarization of e+, e− beams was studied in detail. Numerical evaluation showsthat if the radion mass is not too heavy with the mass order of GeV then thereaction can give observable cross section in high energy colliders with the highdegree of polarization.
Conservation of Forest Biodiversity: how sample size affects the estimation of genetic parameters
Authors: Costa Leonardo S. da , Corneleo Nathana S. , Stefenon Valdir M.
Published: June 2015

Efficient designs are crucial for population genetic studies on forest species. In this study we employed individual based simulations aiming to evaluate what fraction of a population should be sampled to obtain confident estimations of allelic richness and of inbreeding coefficient in population genetic surveys. The simulations suggest that at least 10% of the total population has to be sampled to ensure reliable estimations of allelic richness and inbreeding coefficient. This approach will allow the confidence of the genetic parameters estimations of a larger number of populations, based on a minimal sample within each one.
Antileishmanial activity of some Brazilian plants, with particular reference to Casearia sylvestris
Authors: Antinarelli Luciana M.R. , Pinto Nícolas C. , Scio Elita , Coimbra Elaine S.
Published: June 2015

Leishmaniasis is a complex of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa which treatment is restricted to a limited number of drugs that exhibit high toxicity, collateral effects and are often costly. There are a variety of tropical plants distributed in Brazil, and for many poor people the therapy for several diseases is based mainly on the use of traditional herbal remedies. In this work, the cytotoxic activity of 17 plant methanol extracts was evaluated on several Leishmania species and murine macrophages. Among them, the extract of Casearia sylvestris, Piptocarpha macropoda, Trembleya parviflora, Samanea tubulosa and Plectranthus neochilus showed a promissing leishmanicidal activity, exhibiting IC50 values below of 20 µg/mL against at least one species of Leishmania. Casearia sylvestris showed the most expressive activity against all promastigote forms of Leishmania species (IC50 values of 5.4 µg/mL, 5.0 µg/mL, 8.5 µg/mL and 7.7 µg/mL for L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, L. chagasi and L. major, respectively), being more effective than the reference drug miltefosine. In spite of the cytotoxic effect on macrophages (CC50 value of 5.2 µg/mL), C. sylvestris exhibited a strong inhibition against intracellular amastigotes of L. braziliensis (IC50 value of 1.3 µg/mL). Further studies, including bio-guided fractionation will be conducted to identify the active compounds.
DECOMPOSIÇÃO DA SERAPILHEIRA FOLIAR E RESPIRAÇÃO EDÁFICA EM UM REMANESCENTE DE CAATINGA NA PARAÍBA
Authors: Holanda Alan Cauê , Feliciano Ana Lícia Patriota , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Freire Fernando Jose , Holanda Enio Mizael
Published: June 2015

A serapilheira é uma das principais fontes de transferência de nutrientes para o solo, assumindo preponderância no processo de ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistemas florestais. O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a decomposição de uma mistura foliar de 10 espécies da Caatinga, em paralelo com a respiração edáfica. O estudo foi realizado no Sítio Riachão, localizado no Município de Pombal, PB. A taxa de decomposição foi determinada por medidas de perda de massa, com o auxílio de sacolas de náilon (288) que continham 10,0 g de folhas das espécies. A respiração edáfica foi mensurada através da liberação de CO2 com o auxílio de baldes plásticos durante turnos de 24 h. As coletas foram realizadas a intervalos de 45 dias. Ao longo de um ano de avaliação, foram decompostos 67% do material foliar. A respiração edáfica foi mais intensa no período noturno e em períodos em que houve maiores precipitações pluviométricas. A relação C/N foi relativamente baixa, indicativo de maior taxa de mineralização. A precipitação pluviométrica e outras variáveis ambientais são importantes fenômenos que influenciam a atividade dos microrganismos no solo, fazendo que se torne mais intensa a decomposição da serapilheira.
ABELHAS EUGLOSSINA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) ASSOCIADAS À MONOCULTURA DE EUCALIPTO NO CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE
Authors: Nascimento Silva do , Canale Gustavo Rodrigues , Silva Dionei José da
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição de abelhas Euglossina em três áreas distintas, com monocultura de eucalipto de diferentes idades, utilizando a vegetação nativa como controle, com base nos aspectos de riqueza e abundância. O trabalho foi realizado em três propriedades particulares, localizadas na região Sudoeste de Mato Grosso, em monocultura de eucaliptos de diferentes idades e vegetação nativa (Cerrado). As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de dezembro de 2011 a março de 2012, utilizando-se seis essências: eugenol, eucaliptol, vanilina, benzoato de benzila, salicitato de metila e acetato de benzila, das 8 às 16 h. Foram coletados 430 espécimes, de quatro gêneros e 18 espécies. Eulaema nigritaLepeletier, 1841, Euglossa melanotricha Moure, 1967 e Eulaema cingulata Fabricius, 1804 foram as espécies mais abundantes e comuns a todas as áreas estudadas. A área com maior abundância de abelhas foi ApS (166 indivíduos) e com maior riqueza, a Tol (14 espécies). A composição de espécies foi semelhante nas áreas analisadas, e a abundância apresentou dissimilaridade entre a Tol e as áreas SanR e ApS. A área AC (área-controle) apresentou maior abundância (147) e riqueza (n = 15) em relação à monocultura de eucalipto.
QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE JARACATIÁ SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES PERÍODOS DE SOMBREAMENTO EM VIVEIRO
Authors: Marana João Paulo , Miglioranza Édison , Fonseca Ésio de Pádua
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de sombreamento/sol em mudas de jaracatiá utilizando parâmetros de qualidade. Foram realizadas três avaliações aos 100, 120, 140 dias após a emergência (DAE), sendo os tratamentos 60, 80, 100 DAE (avaliação 1), 60, 80, 100 e 120 DAE (avaliação 2) e 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 DAE (avaliação 3) de sombreamento. As mudas de jaracatiá submetidas a diferentes períodos sob condições de sombreamento sofreram alterações nos parâmetros morfológicos e nos índices para avaliação da qualidade. As mudas que ficaram sob maiores períodos de sombreamento aos 100 DAE alcançaram maior altura da parte aérea, maiores relações altura da parte aérea/diâmetro do coleto e da massa de matéria seca da parte aérea/massa de matéria seca do sistema radicular. Nessa avaliação, as plantas apresentaram também os menores valores de diâmetro de coleto, massa de matéria seca do sistema radicular e do Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. O aumento do período de sombreamento refletiu negativamente no desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das mudas aos 100, 120 e 140 DAE. Aos 120 DAE, foram atingidos os padrões de qualidade considerados como mais adequados para o plantio definitivo. O melhor tratamento foi aquele em que as mudas permaneceram 60 dias em sombreamento, seguidos de 60 dias a pleno sol.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND POLLEN FLOW IN PROGENIES OF Qualea grandiflora Mart., A TYPICAL SPECIES OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO
Authors: Antiqueira Lia Maris Orth Ritter , Kageyama Paulo Yoshio
Published: June 2015

This study analyzed the reproductive system and the pollen dispersion pattern of Qualea grandiflora progenies. This is a typical species from the Brazilian Cerrado about which there are not too many studies from the genetics point of view. The study was conducted in an area of 2.2 hectares located in the Conservation Unit managed by the Forest Institute of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Assis State Forest). Total genomic DNA of 300 seeds from 25 plants (12 seeds from each plant) was extracted and amplified using specific primers to obtain microsatellite markers. Results showed that selfing is frequent among adults and progenies, and the species reproduces by outcrossing between related and unrelated individuals (0.913). The single-locus outcrossing rate was 0.632, which indicates that mating between unrelated individuals is more frequent than between related plants. The selfing rate was low (0.087), that is, the species is allogamous and self-fertilization is reduced. About 35% of the plants in the progenies were full-sibs, and about 57%, half-sibs. Besides, about 8% of the progenies were selfing siblings. The genetic differentiation coefficient within progenies was 0.139, whereas the fixation rate was about 27%. The estimate of the effective size revealed that the genetic representativeness of descent was lower than expected in random mating progenies: The analyzed samples corresponded to only 13.2 individuals of an ideal panmictic population. In environmental recovery programs, seeds, preferably from different fruits, should be collected from 95 trees to preserve the genetic diversity of the species.
ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES FOR TROPICAL LEGUMES IN THE UNDERSTORY OF A EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION
Authors: Nicodemo Maria Luiza Franceschi , Souza Francisco Humberto Dubbern de , Pezzopane Jose Ricardo Macedo , Mendes João Carlos Teixeira , Barioni Júnior Waldomiro
Published: June 2015

This study evaluated establishment methods for a mixture of herbaceous forage legumes [Centrosema acutifolium, Clitoria ternatea, Pueraria phaseoloides, Stylosanthes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata + S. macrocephala), Calopogonium mucunoides, Lablab purpureus, Arachis pintoi, and Aeschynomene villosa] under the shade of an Eucalyptus grandis plantation submitted to thinning (40%) 8 years after planting in Anhembi, São Paulo (22°40'S, 48°10'W, altitude of 455 m). The experiment started in December 2008 and consisted of the comparison of the following four types of seed incorporation by light disc harrowing: (1) broadcast sowing without seed incorporation; disc harrowing before (2) or after (3) planting, and (4) disc harrowing before and after planting. Ninety days after planting, the number of legume plants/m2 and the percentage of ground cover by the plants varied between the treatments tested; however, the treatments had no effect on the dry matter accumulation of forage legumes. Disc harrowing before planting yielded superior results compared to the treatments without disc harrowing and disc harrowing after planting. At the end of the experimental period, the plots contained Arachis, Centrosema, Stylosanthes, and Pueraria. The dry matter accumulated by Centrosema corresponded to 73% of total dry matter yield of the plots. The participation of Arachis, Centrosema and Stylosanthes in final dry matter composition of the plots varied according to establishment method. The advantages of the use of species mixtures rather than monocultures in the understory of forest plantations were discussed.
COMPARISON BETWEEN WOOD DRYING DEFECT SCORES: SPECIMEN TESTING X ANALYSIS OF KILN-DRIED BOARDS
Authors: Batista Djeison Cesar , Rocha Márcio Pereira da , Klitzke Ricardo Jorge
Published: June 2015

It is important to develop drying technologies for Eucalyptus grandis lumber, which is one of the most planted species of this genus in Brazil and plays an important role as raw material for the wood industry. The general aim of this work was to assess the conventional kiln drying of juvenile wood of three clones of Eucalyptus grandis. The specific aims were to compare the behavior between: i) drying defects indicated by tests with wood specimens and conventional kiln-dried boards; and ii) physical properties and the drying quality. Five 11-year-old trees of each clone were felled, and only flatsawn boards of the first log were used. Basic density and total shrinkage were determined, and the drying test with wood specimens at 100 °C was carried out. Kiln drying of boards was performed, and initial and final moisture content, moisture gradient in thickness, drying stresses and drying defects were assessed. The defect scoring method was used to verify the behavior between the defects detected by specimen testing and the defects detected in kiln-dried boards. As main results, the drying schedule was too severe for the wood, resulting in a high level of boards with defects. The behavior between the defects in the drying test with specimens and the defects of kiln-dried boards was different, there was no correspondence, according to the defect scoring method.
Historiografia, nação e os regimes de autonomia na vida letrada no Império do Brasil
Authors: Araújo Valdei Lopes de
Published: June 2015

Este artigo analisa o surgimento e a evolução de dois regimes de autonomia intelectual no Brasil da primeira metade do século XIX. A análise concentra-se no crescente desejo por história dessa sociedade, e de como esse desejo complexificou e colocou novas exigências ao historiador e sua escrita. Argumenta-se para a existência de dois regimes de autonomia intelectual relacionados a modos distintos de produção do discurso histórico. De um lado, um modo compilatório, que atende a demanda social por sínteses pragmáticas, ligando-se mais profundamente ao mercado editorial e ao mundo emergente de um leitor não-especializado. De outro, um modelo disciplinar que precisou abrir e legitimar sua relação privilegiada com o Estado e suas instituições.
DOPS, a cidade de Rolândia (PR) e a repressão aos imigrantes de origem alemã (1942-1945)
Authors: Priori Angelo , Ipólito Verônica Karina
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa as ações realizadas pela Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS) contra os imigrantes alemães, na cidade de Rolândia/PR, no período de 1942 a 1945. Durante a II Guerra Mundial e a adesão do Brasil aos países Aliados, os imigrantes dos países do Eixo foram vigiados e controlados pela polícia política do governo Vargas. A constante referência aos alemães acabou gerando a construção de mitos, como o da “conspiração alemã” e o da “Alemanha Antártica”, que ajudaram a legitimar a “lógica da desconfiança” sobre esses imigrantes. A construção de mitos políticos respaldou, no imaginário social, a atuação da polícia política, legitimando as suas ações de vigilância, controle e repressão.
Microstructural, structural and optical properties of nanoparticles of PbO-CrO3 pigment synthesized by a soft route
Authors: Araújo V. D. , Andreeta M. R. B. , Maia L. J. Q. , Nascimento R. M. , Motta F. V. , Bomio M. R. D. , Paskocimas C. A. , Bernardi M. I. B.
Published: June 2015

PbCrO4 and Pb2CrO5 particles were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method. Structural and microstructural properties of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The diffuse reflectance technique was employed to study the optical properties in the 400-700 nm range. The optical bandgap of the samples was obtained indirectly. Colorimetric coordinates L*, a*, b* were calculated for the pigment powders as a function of the heat treatment (400-700 ºC). The powders displayed colors ranging from green to red. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the presence of monoclinic PbCrO4 phase in green samples, while red powders had a monoclinic Pb2CrO5 phase structure. The Raman spectra of the PbCrO4 and Pb2CrO5 powders were in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The synthesized compounds can be used as green and red pigments with high thermal stability.
Viabilidade da incorporação do lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) em massa cerâmica para produção de blocos
Authors: Silva C. R. L. da , Chinelatto A. L. , Chinelatto A. S. A.
Published: June 2015

O lodo gerado nas estações de tratamento de esgoto tem se tornado um problema crescente sendo considerado como resíduo. Este trabalho estudou a viabilidade da incorporação do lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) em massa cerâmica para produção de blocos. Para isso, amostras de lodo foram coletadas na ETE Verde da SANEPAR no Município de Ponta Grossa, PR e de argila da Cerâmica S. Gerônimo no município de Prudentópolis, PR. O lodo na ETE Verde foi submetido a um processo de higienização, o qual reduz significativamente a concentração de patógenos no resíduo. O processo utilizado foi a caleação, que promove a estabilização, desinfecção química e térmica através da adição e mistura da cal ao lodo numa porcentagem de 30% a 50% da massa seca de lodo. Para a caracterização do lodo e da argila foram realizadas análises de difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica, fluorescência de raios X e distribuição granulométrica. Foram estudadas composições com adições de 5 a 50% em massa do lodo na massa cerâmica. Após a mistura do lodo com as argilas, as amostras foram conformadas por prensagem uniaxial e sinterizadas a 900 ºC, 1000 ºC e 1100 ºC. As amostras sinterizadas foram caracterizadas por medidas de absorção de água, porosidade aparente, resistência mecânica, difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que a adição do lodo até 25% da massa da argila atende a todos os parâmetros preconizados pelas normas vigentes para fabricação dos blocos cerâmicos.
Pós compósitos de alumina-boreto obtidos por moagem reativa de alta energia
Authors: Cerqueira V. R. , Pierri J. J. , Morelli M. R. , Pallone E. M. J. A. , Macêdo A. A. M. , Tomasi R.
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar e caracterizar pós de alumina-boretos, por moagem reativa, visando a obtenção de compósitos de misturas de fases de alta dureza. Os experimentos envolveram reações de aluminotermia ativadas por moagem de alta energia, tendo como precursores WO3, TiO2 ou Ti, B2O3 ou B e Al. O alumínio metálico atua como agente redutor para obter misturas de alumina com boretos de titânio e de tungstênio. As reações obtidas foram do tipo auto-propagante, com tempos curtos de moagem até a ignição (2 a 15 min). O tempo de ignição das reações foi monitorado por infravermelho e os produtos das reações foram mantidos sob moagem para obter partículas nanométricas. Os pós obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X e determinação da densidade real e prensados para obter corpos de prova em forma de discos após sinterização a 1700 °C sob alto vácuo. Esses foram caracterizados por densidade aparente, difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os pós resultantes da moagem de alta energia mostraram completa transformação dos reagentes, formando pós com composições do sistema Al2O3 - (WB/W2B/WB2/W2B5) - TiB2. Dependendo da reação de síntese, os pós obtidos apresentaram diferentes comportamentos durante a sinterização: pós que densificaram até porosidade aparente próxima de zero e pós que não densificaram, resultando em porosidade aparente em torno de 30%.
Cromito de lantânio: material para interconectores de células a combustível de óxido sólido - uma revisão
Authors: Setz L. F. G. , Mello-Castanho S. R. H. , Morelli M. R.
Published: June 2015

O cromito de lantânio (LaCrO3) é um material cerâmico sintético, que apresenta como principais características boa condutividade elétrica em altas temperaturas (> 800 °C), estabilidade química e física em atmosferas oxidantes e redutoras e, significativa atividade catalítica quando na forma de pós. Estas características o tornam atrativo para diversas aplicações de interesse tecnológico, como catalisadores, resistências para fornos de alta temperatura e geração de energia elétrica, sendo que nesse campo é potencialmente o material mais adequado para utilização como interconector em células a combustível de óxido sólido (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC). As características intrínsecas, propriedades e técnicas de processamento do cromito de lantânio são consideradas neste trabalho por meio de uma revisão dos principais estudos relatados ao longo dos últimos 40 anos.
Fundamentos e análise de tintas refratárias de alta emissividade
Authors: Mourão A. A. C. , Vivaldini D. O. , Salvini V. R. , Pandolfelli V. C.
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho buscou analisar patentes produzidas pela NASA e estudos correlatos na área de tintas refratárias de alta emissividade, segundo os princípios que regem as propriedades termo-ópticas dos materiais, as quais compreendem: absorção, refletividade, transmissão e emissão de radiação eletromagnética. Primeiramente, visou-se a compreensão destes fenômenos físicos e as leis que os governam. Posteriormente, buscou-se aplicá-los destacando e explicando a evolução observada na composição das tintas de alta emissividade utilizadas em veículos espaciais. Por fim, compreendeu-se que o índice de absorção dos materiais é decorrente do modo como estes interagem com a energia radiante incidente. Além disso, constatou-se que a emissividade dos materiais utilizados está associada principalmente ao balanço entre o índice de absorção e a refletividade. Tal estudo e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento tecnológico das tintas refratárias de alta emissividade permitem uma compreensão mais profunda sobre o seu mecanismo de atuação e potencial uso em outros sistemas, como por exemplo nos fornos industriais revestidos com material refratário que operam a altas temperaturas.
Ultrasound technique to assess the physical conditions of the Monument to Ramos de Azevedo, city of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Grossi Danielle , Lama Eliane Aparecida Del
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the evaluation of the conservation of the Monument to Ramos de Azevedo through a study of the ultrasound pulse velocity. The Monument to Ramos de Azevedo is of great importance for the history of the city of São Paulo (Brazil), because it honors the architect who was fundamental in the architectural and social development of the city. This monument was built with Itaquera Granite, a stone widely used in the cultural heritage of the city, which is more specifically called biotite monzogranite. The equipment used was the V-Meter Mark III and only P waves were used with 54 kHz transducers. Several measurements were taken on the monument and on fresh stone, and the results were compared. Results showed that the stone is in good condition even after changing locations twice because the values are very close to those of the fresh sample. The low values were attributed to internal discontinuities or biotite enclaves, the latter being very common in the Itaquera Granite.
A structural model of the Fábrica Nova region, Santa Rita syncline, Quadrilátero Ferrífero: flanking folds as a folding mechanism
Authors: Rossi Daniel Quinaud , Endo Issamu
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study focuses on the eastern flank of the Santa Rita syncline (Dorr 1969), with specific emphasis on the region known as Fábrica Nova. Important iron ore deposits are located on the flanks of this structure, such as Timbopeba, Alegria, São Luiz, Tamanduá, Almas and Fábrica Nova. The Santa Rita syncline is a fold with N-S axial direction and of subregional scale, with roots in the adjacent basement of the Santa Bárbara Complex and sectioned by the Água Quente thrust fault. The hypothesis of this study is that the structural framework of the region resulted from the superposition of at least three deformation phases on the Ouro Preto nappe. The Fábrica Nova mine, located in the central portion of the study area, is embedded in a synformal structure with a 100/20 trending axis named Fábrica Nova synform. The proposed model to explain the particular structural geometry of this region is based on the flanking folding mechanism (Passchier 2001). This mechanism may have been developed by E-W crustal shortening during the F4 tectonic deformation phase.
Determination of the Soil Water Retention Curve Using the Flow Pump
Authors: Menezes Luciana Portugal , Oliveira Filho Waldyr Lopes , Silva Cláudio Henrique Carvalho
Published: June 2015

AbstractReliable measurements of the Soil Water Retention Curve, SWRC, are necessary for solving unsaturated flow problems. In this sense, a method to obtain the SWRC of a silty sand using a flow pump, as well as details about procedures and some results, are herein presented. The overall conclusion is that the new method is very convenient, fully automated, and produces reliable results in a fast and easy way, making the technique very promising.
Archaeometry of ferrous artefacts from Luso-Brazilian archaeological sites near Ipanema River, Brazil
Authors: Maia Rafael Rocha , Dias Marcelli Susaki , Azevedo Cesar Roberto de Farias , Landgraf Fernando José Gomes
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present investigation analysed iron artefacts collected in two sites around Araçoaiaba Hill. A known methodology was adapted to investigate several samples collected at the Royal Iron Factory of São João do Ipanema and Sardinha sites. EDX microanalysis results of non-metallic inclusions were plotted in bivariate graphs. Linear regression (with and without the zero-intercept constraint) and line intercept significance tests were applied to interpret these results. The analysis did not allow the identification of the provenance of the production systems of Sardinha and Ipanema sites. The presence of Ti-rich inclusions was an unambiguous attribute of the samples collected at the Sardinha site.
Izabel dos Santos e a formação dos trabalhadores da saúde
Authors: Paiva Carlos Henrique Assunção
Published: June 2015

Este artigo aborda a trajetória de Izabel dos Santos (1927-2010) como uma forma de discutir as conexões entre agendas e escolas sanitárias no Brasil contemporâneo. Dá destaque à sua formação e suas atividades no Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (SESP), na Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e na formula-ção e implementação de programas nacionais de formação de recursos humanos em saúde desde o final dos anos 1970. Ressalta o papel central de Izabel dos Santos na formulação e implementação das políticas de formação de trabalhadores de saúde, em especial dos técnicos e auxiliares na área de enfermagem, ocupando um lugar importante na história da saúde coletiva brasileira.