bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processes Employed to Introduce Autonomous Learning
Authors: Isabeles Flores Secundino , Cass Zubiría María Magdalena , Elie Sebire Raphael Hubert
Published: January 2023

This article presents the results of an analysis made to some process models that have been used to introduce autonomous learning in EFL contexts. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the processes these models followed to reach such a goal. This was done because the authors of this paper considered that knowing the steps that were taken to foster autonomous learning may help to create or adapt a process model to implement this approach to learning in other contexts.
Significancia de la evaluación y el plan de mejoramiento institucional
Authors: Paz Burbano Luis Fernando , Trujillo Valenzuela Elizabeth , Cundumi Tello Orlando
Published: January 2023

La evaluación se convierte en un espacio de valoración, de ubicación, una herramienta para conocernos, ver nuestra realidad, pero además de ese conocimiento, también se convierte en una oportunidad de mejoramiento, cada vez que evaluamos es posible que nos reiniciemos, que hagamos una reingeniería o retroalimentación de nuestros procesos o de lo elaborado previamente, ya que para corregir o mejorar a veces es necesario mirar atrás, revisar, transformar, corregir, etc. Dicho proceso de avaluación debe ser integral, y lo óptimo es que integre o incluya diferentes elementos o actores que tengan incidencia o participación en dicho escenario, en nuestro caso el entorno de la Institución Educativa. Este escrito quiere mostrar la importancia y pertinencia de la evaluación para una entidad educativa o una institución, se desea mostrar los pormenores de esta; sus características, fundamentos, componentes, herramientas, miembros o personas que participan, sus ventajas, posibles desventajas y los algoritmos o procedimientos requeridos para su aplicación, también se quiere plasmar lo que puede progresar una entidad si aplica la evaluación a sus procesos de manera periódica y con una ejecución optima o eficiente. Partiendo que la evaluación no se puede tomar como un proceso final, ya que esta debe ser progresiva y de constante aplicación, la debemos tomar como el inicio de una nueva fase o de una retroalimentación que nos brinda unos resultados desde lo cualitativo y cuantitativo, que son el principal insumo para conocer nuestra realidad, mejorar, optimizar procesos, plantear estrategias y tomar decisiones.
Complejidades de la enseñanza de la tecnología en la básica primaria rural: entre confusiones epistemológicas y brechas
Authors: Martinez Pestana Lucely , Urdaneta Urdaneta Geovanni Antonio
Published: January 2023

El concepto de tecnología históricamente ha sido complejo. Esta complejidad, como es lógico, ha permeado la escuela y en ella la enseñanza del saber tecnológico desarrollado en las aulas especialmente en el nivel de educación básica. El presente estudio reflexivo comparte algunos avances logrados en la investigación desarrollada en el municipio de Lorica- Departamento de Córdoba abordando la cuestión: qué sustentos subyacen las prácticas de aula de los docentes que están al frente de la enseñanza del saber tecnológico. La recolección de datos cualitativos se realiza mediante entrevistas individuales en profundidad a docentes del sector oficial en el nivel de básica, apoyados en el análisis de datos de desarrollo mediante el muestreo teórico y el método comparativo constante propios de la Teoría Fundamentada. Los hallazgos enraizados en los datos demuestran con comprensión del concepto de tecnología desde una concepción artefactual que fundamenta las experiencias y los significados de enseñanza de los docentes sujetos de investigación. Finalmente se discute la necesidad de reflexión sobre la enseñabilidad del saber tecnológico en medio de la confusión conceptual y la escases de recursos tecnológicos en contextos de brecha tecnológica como el cordobés.
Nuevas tendencias curriculares para afrontar los cambios de la sociedad actual
Authors: Severiche Mendoza Cristian Alfredo , Pérez Buelvas Hernán Gabriel
Published: January 2023

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo revisar las tendencias relacionadas al currículo escolar y a las características de las tendencias curriculares contemporáneas, además de presentar las nuevas disposiciones curriculares basadas en las tendencias educativas actuales determinadas por las problemáticas recientes del contexto mundial. Se inicia explicando el recorrido histórico que han tenido las tendencias curriculares contemporáneas, posteriormente se plantean cuatro interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son las tendencias curriculares contemporáneas? ¿Cuáles son las características del contexto actual a la que están respondiendo las tendencias curriculares? ¿Qué tendencias curriculares responden a los desafíos de la sociedad de hoy y a la del mañana? y ¿Cuáles son sus características?, Luego de la revisión documental y en respuesta al primer interrogante se citan distintas tendencias educativas contemporáneas desde la perspectiva de varios autores, y posteriormente, como respuesta al tercer interrogante se establecen como nuevas tendencias: (1) descolonización del currículo, (2) la flexibilidad curricular para una formación educativa multimodal, inclusiva y tecnológica, (3) el enfoque por competencias, un aprendizaje para la vida, (4) la inclusión de la educación socioemocional, (5) la explotación del potencial de las tecnologías digitales en la educación, (6) el enfoque curricular ecológico para un planeta dañado y (7) la inclusión de la investigación y la innovación como ejes transversales del currículo; a continuación se detallan las definiciones, características y críticas de cada una de ellas en respuesta al cuarto interrogante.
Estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible en las instituciones educativas rurales
Authors: Pérez Theran Alexander , Cola López Echaniz Eduardo
Published: January 2023

En este estudio se presentan los resultados relacionados con el proceso investigativo llevado con el propósito esencial de proponer una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible en las instituciones educativas rurales de Pueblo Nuevo, departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se parte en la investigación con un diagnóstico para conocer las competencias de comprensión lectora en los de todos los niveles de básica primaria y secundaria, a través de un pretest, que permitió identificar la situación específica del contexto formativo de los educandos. Se asume como método la reducción fenomenológica, con un enfoque investigativo etnográfico, lo que conduce a un tipo de estudio mixto, con un enfoque mixto; los instrumentos empleados fueron; un Grupo focal, Test de Comprensión de Lectura (pre y post) con el propósito de establecer la habilidad actual de comprensión lectora y las variaciones con implementación de nuevas estrategias y expresada en subdestrezas específicas. La población la conformaron   4.133 estudiantes de 13 IE’s y la muestra significativa, también 246 docentes, constituyeron unidades muestrales.

Las conclusiones consideraron la elaboración de una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible, la  información obtenida, además de la propuesta, diseñada, hacen parte de los propósitos tanto general como específicos que se abordaron. La hipótesis de investigación “El diseño de una estrategia didáctica si permite el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico”. Se demostró acertada, ya que la implementación de la propuesta y los cambios que se detallan en los resultados y análisis, dejan ratificada las mejoras obtenidas mediante la estrategia educativa implementada.

Palabras Claves: Comprensión Lectora, Mediación Docente, Lenguaje, estrategia Didáctica, Educación rural.
Como Aprende Nuestro Cerebro
Authors: Parra Neira Héctor Mauricio
Published: January 2023

Este ensayo aporta información sobre cómo se el conocimiento en el cerebro y lo importante que es tener en cuenta esto a la hora de trasmitir el conocimiento, o al momento de abordar nuestra procesa o se hace labor docente. Da una idea de cómo la transmisión del conocimiento está determinada de manera directa con el cerebro que representa y evoluciona cada vez que adquirimos nuevos conocimientos.
Utilización de un software educativo para mediar dificultades lecto-escritoras en las fases logográfica y alfabética
Authors: Mogollón Guzmán Clito Selff
Published: January 2023

Para la mediación de las dificultades de lectoescritura que se suelen presentarse en las fases iniciales logrográfica y alfabética, además de emplear métodos tradicionales de enseñanza, se requieren también del uso de innovadoras estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas, para poder lograr óptimos resultados en los estudiantes, por esta razón se propone esta propuesta investigativa, que pretende incorporar a las Tecnologías de Información y comunicación (TIC), específicamente a través del uso apropiado de un software educativo multimedial, para que este sirva como apoyo al educador en su acción pedagógica, propiciando así el desarrollo de las competencias cognitivas, lingüísticas y práxicas de los estudiantes en esta etapa de la vida y por ende en el resto de su proceso formativo, esenciales para un mejor desempeño en su entorno y en la sociedad contemporánea.

Este artículo iniciará con la contextualización y análisis de la problemática a investigar, en segunda instancia se abordará el cimiento teórico y conceptual que soporte científicamente la temática asociada y por último se procede a determinar y justificar los aspectos metodológicos con el cual se afrontará el proyecto investigativo, para lo cual se tendrá en cuenta el nivel de profundización, los propósitos planteados, el objeto de estudio y la fundamentación epistemológica del diseño de la investigación.
Peranan Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Ekonomi Siswa Kelas XI IIS SMA Negeri 2 Sampolawa Kabupaten Buton Selatan
Authors: Murniati Murniati , Muhammad Hakim Pribadi
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI IIS dalam pembelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri Sampolawa Kabupaten Buton Selatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri Sampolawa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan tringulasi data yaitu menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa peranan guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI IIS dalam pembelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri 2 Sampolawa yaitu guru sebagai pengelola kelas, guru sebagai fasilitator, dan guru sebagai motivator. Untuk memotivasi siswa dalam belajar yakni dengan menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif, pemberian stimulus/dorongan selama proses pembelajaran pembelajaran, menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang efektif, menciptakan saingan dan kerjasama antar siswa dan guru, pemberian pujian, dan pemberian nilai atas keberhasilan siswa
Audio Intervention for Acute Pain Management - Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   University of Pecs, Tololiu Kevin Efrain , Kurnianto Arie , Csokasi krisztina
Published: January 2023

Review question / Objective: This study aims to investigate, review, and asses existing literature concerning audio intervention to reduce acute pain. Condition being studied: The study will focus on acute pain experienced by adults in any diseases or surgical procedures. Eligibility criteria: This study will exclude papers published older than ten years ago to collect updated data, non RCTs, non-English literature, paper with combined interventions, and papers with an incomplete essential statical value of pain for meta-analysis.
Perancangan Aplikasi Inventory Barang Dengan QR Code Berbasis Android Pada Minimarket
Authors: Putra Eko Kurniawanto
Published: January 2023

Minimarket adalah toko yang menjual segala macam barang dan kebutuhan sehari-hari, minimarket menerapkan sistem swalayan, di mana pembeli mengambil sendiri barang yang di butuhkan lalu melakukan pembayaran di kasir. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat aplikasi Scanner QR Code berbasis Android untuk melakukan input persediaan barang dengan mudah dan praktis. Aplikasi ini dikembangkan memiliki dua fitur yaitu fitur yang dijalankan melalui komputer untuk proses pendataan barang dan fitur kedua adalah melalui perangkat android yang digunakan untuk scan barcode barang dan mengirimkan data ke aplikasi yang ada pada komputer. Hasil dari aplikasi yang telah dibuat dapat melakukan cek data stok barang dan penambahan barang dari gudang serta dapat memindai barcode dengan menggunakan kamera yang terdapat pada mobile device untuk melakukan penambahan barang dan juga dapat melakukan pencatatan jumlah stok barang.
Sistem Informasi Koperasi Sekolah Berbasis Website Pada UPT SD 56 Gresik
Authors: Rizki Rizki Marthanugraha , Devi Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi
Published: January 2023

Koperasi sekolah merupakan tempat yang didirikan di area sekolahan guna menanamkan pembelajaran koperasi pada siswayang bertujuan meningkatkan koperasi di Indonesia bisa lebih maju. Salah satu dari permasalahan tersebut yakni banyaknyapembeli yang membeli lebih dari satu tipe benda disetiap pesanan. Banyaknya pesanan tersebut mempengaruhi waktu dariproses jual beli benda. Tidak hanya melaksanakan kegiatan jual beli, petugas koperasi serta mempunyai tugas yang lain sepertimengecek stok benda yang ada serta pula memesan benda yang stoknya menipis. Dalam mengecek stok benda, yang adapetugas koperasi menghitung jumlah benda serta memasukkan informasi benda secara manual. Hingga dari itu dibuatlah sisteminformasi koperasi sekolah berbasis website. Tujuannya untuk mengelola persediaan stok benda supaya lebih efisien sertaefektif sehingga persediaan stok bisa dikontrol dengan baik serta pula memudahkan petugas koperasi untuk memperoleh datamengenai persediaan stok benda. Dalam riset ini penulis memakai metode pengumpulan informasi semacam wawancara,observasi, dokumentasi serta riset pustaka. Setelah itu dalam meningkatkan sistem penulis memakai model waterwall meliputisesi Analisa kebutuhan sistem, sesi perencangan, sesi pelaksanaan, serta sesi pemeliharaan. Hasil dari riset ini merupakandibentuknya sistem informasi koperasi sekolah di UPT SD 56 Gresik supaya lebih tertib serta terkendali, dan mempermudahpetugas koperasi untuk mengenali data persediaan benda kapan saja.
Investigations on Emission Characteristics of Methane in Small Scale a Swirl Flameless Combustor: Using Preheating Air Diluted CO2 and N2 Gas at Various Temperatures
Authors: Abdelgader Agilah Saleh Gheidan  , Mazlan Abdul Wahid  , Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin
Published: January 2023

In order to reduce the damage to the environmental, it is desirable to have low emission combustion and high-efficiency system of operation. In achieving this, the multi-stages and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were adopted to reduce NOx formation during combustion. In this paper, a numerical study of the impact of diluted preheated oxidizer variables on NOx emissions from methane combustion was performed. This study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis to determine the influence of preheating fuel and air on the combustion efficiency when asymmetric vortex flameless was applied on different supply tangential air location at different oxygen concentrations. The design parameters utilized are diluted N2 and CO2, oxygen concentrations of 10%, 7% and 5%, and air temperatures that were set at 300 K, 500 K, 700 K and 900 K, respectively. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was simulated using CO2 gas and N2 gas. The results show that by oxygen concentration has direct relationship with NOx emission for all equivalence ratios. Apart from that, CO2 dilution air offers better results than N2 dilution in reducing NOx emissions. In terms of preheating air, higher NOx emission was observed with the increase of air temperature. However, the effect of preheating air on the NOx emission is greater than the effect of preheating of fuel. Based on these results, numerous ports were considered important to achieve a good mix of air and fuel. The analysis outcome shows that more inlet tangential air has a significant influence on combustion temperature and NOx emission.
A Case Study on Potential Saving of Energy Consumption at Hospital Putrajaya
Authors: Zamri Noranai  , Nurul Farahin Mohd Joharudin  , Noradila Abdul Latif  , Nur Liyana’ Amirah Mohd Kamil  , Mohd Azahari Razali
Published: January 2023

Efficient electrical energy usage has been recognised as one of the significant factors to reduce the cost of electrical energy consumption. In this world, hospitals are public buildings that use the enormous energy of other buildings. Due to its 24 hours service, the use of hospital building energy is estimated to be among the highest compared to commercial and residential buildings. In this research, the main building of Putrajaya Hospital has been selected. The main building covered by the first floor until the fifth floor will be focused to conduct this research. This research aims to identify energy consumption, cost savings and the provision of solutions to achieve the cost savings target of Putrajaya Hospital. The characteristics and location of the building were recognised at the beginning of the research. Besides, this study was continued by identifying the lighting system presented at Putrajaya Hospital and the electricity tariff published by Tenaga Nasional Bhd. The calculation of energy consumption and cost for each floor of the main building, starting from the first floor to the fifth floor proposed the energy saving method. Four potential savings methods are proposed later in this research which include the switch to LED lighting saving potential, occupancy sensor, regular maintenance, and reduce light operation hour by using the alternate system. The result was found that energy consumption can be reduced up to 73.38% by switching the current lamp to LED lamp.
Cost And Product Optimization of Upgrading Light Naphtha Using Pressure Swing Adsorption Method by Aspen Adsorption Simulation
Authors: Rendra Panca Anugraha  , Renanto  , Rifky Arya Maulana  , Rasyid Dito Kusumo
Published: January 2023

Light naphtha is an organic compound produced from the distillation process that is often sold at a low price because of its poor performance, especially in the value of Research Octane Number (RON). The goal of this study was to improve the quality of naphtha to become a useful fuel with qualifying performance that is High Optimum Mogas Component (HOMC) by using the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) method with the help of Aspen Adsorption simulations to find the most optimal combination of zeolite adsorbents (Beta and 5A) to use in the process. The principle of this quality improvement is to separate the compounds contained in naphtha that have low RON values from those that have high RON values so that the performance of naphtha that has gone through the adsorption process can be maximized. For this study, the RON target from HOMC is 95, while the value of RON for feed light naphtha ranges from 61-65. There are three compounds simulated in this PSA process, n-pentane and n-hexane as compounds that want to be separated because they have low RON values from iso-pentane which has a high RON value. Furthermore, after acquiring the combination of adsorbents that resulted in the products that have the highest RON, the economic potential of all variables was evaluated to get the most optimal process to use. The economic potential is also analyzed to find the profit of the PSA process. The most optimal results are obtained when the adsorbent configuration produces the product with the highest RON and produces high economic potential. The results showed that the most optimal adsorbent combination is to use 30% Zeolite Beta; 70% Zeolite 5A with product results having the highest RON of 84 and economic potential of US$ 114,410,163.92.
Optimization of 10 N Monopropellant High Test Peroxide Thruster for Space Applications
Authors: Fadela Benzenine  , Chakib Seladji  , Djamal Darfilal  , Othman Bendermel
Published: January 2023

Monopropellant thruster is one of the most propulsion system types developed in the space industry. This system uses a single type of propellant that reacts in porous medium catalytic packed bed to generate thrust in the form of hot gases. The last decade, green propellant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), also known as High Test Peroxide (HTP), thanks to its low cost and easy to store as liquid, is used as an alternative solution of hydrazine which is very toxic and not environmentally friendly. In the current study, hydrogen peroxide monopropellant thruster is investigated for application in the future satellites. A numerical simulation is performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent in order to simulate fluid flow of hydrogen peroxide in thruster, and the finite volume method was employed for resolving the governing equation. Species transport model is applied in the single-phase reaction simulation using the Eddy Dissipation model (EDM) for turbulence-chemistry interaction. A mathematical approach based on the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model is used to describe the heat transfer through solid and fluid phases in the packed bed consisting of identical spherical silver particles. Several simulations performed allowed an optimal design of the injector, catalyst bed length and diameter and nozzle geometry, to achieve a 10N monopropellant thruster with hydrogen peroxide at 87.5% concentration.
Ghosting the past: exploring Mark Antony’s ghost as an allegory on history in Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive
Authors: Larn Anastasia Ladefoged
Published: January 2023

This paper explores how Antony as a ghost in Act I of Étienne Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive (1553) engages spectators in a reflection on history. By drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the ghost figure in the German mourning play, the paper reinterprets Antony’s ghost as a borderline figure both caught up in the dramatic action and a figure apt to reflect on the nature of history. This is done by firstly re-examining Jodelle’s creative merging of the protatic ghost found in Seneca’s Thyestes and Agamemnon and the ghostly dream vision from Pseudo-Seneca’s Octavia, and secondly by paying attention to Antony’s treatment of concepts such as God-given order and vicissitude.
Les os, le mort, les sorts : le spectre d’Agamemnon dans The Tragedy of Orestes par Thomas Goffe (1613–1618)
Authors: Lacombe Élisabeth
Published: January 2023

Agamemnon hante les pages de The Tragedy of Orestes par Thomas Goffe. L’ombre du père obsède Oreste, qui transporte ses os, invoque son âme et rêve de vengeance tout au long de la pièce. Si le fantôme d’Agamemnon n’intervient pas dès l’orée de la pièce pour identifier ses meurtriers, c’est que cette apparition retardée a lieu lors de l’acmé de l’action théâtrale. Suivre l’itinéraire global du mort permet de comprendre la présence dédoublée d’Agamemnon comme le nœud dramatique, symbolique et visuel de la pièce. D’un côté son corps suit un itinéraire de dégradation progressive qui souligne l’échec des rituels de deuil et prépare l’apparition. En parallèle, le spectre se dévoile d’abord vocalement avant d’apparaître visuellement, présence troublante autant que désirée. Enfin les sorts de Canidia qui s’appuient sur les os du mort pour en évoquer une vision magique relient les deux moitiés du roi et posent la question de l’interprétation potentiellement démoniaque de l’apparition spectrale.
‘’Las sir! I’m no Ghost’: the misprision of spectral presence in Caroline drama
Authors: Salamone Chris
Published: January 2023

Scenes containing hoax hauntings or living characters mistaken for the spectral undead occur more often in Caroline drama than in any previous period of English theatre history. What drove the fashion for scenes of spectral misprision in this period, such that James Shirley’s 1633 revision of John Fletcher’s The Night-Walker (c. 1615) – a play replete with feigned phantoms – could haunt so happily in its new, Caroline performance context? This article answers that question not by situating such scenes against early modern theological contexts or patterns of popular belief, but by reading stage hauntings and paradramatic moments of spectral misprision across Caroline drama as constituent elements to a metatheatrical aesthetic that scrutinises inherited representational traditions. As we shall see, a palimpsest-like metatheatrical overlaying of dramaturgical conventions and intertheatrical references creates a network of interpretative cues and miscues exploited by Caroline dramatists and dissembling characters alike, from trapdoors and flour-faced millers, to borrowed lines and allusions to familiar, inherited hauntings from the emerging early modern dramatic canon. What arises, in turn, is a spirit of self-reflexivity in Caroline drama, whereby the figure of the ghost, hoaxed or otherwise, foregrounds and puts stress upon the insufficiencies – and value – of dramatic representation and spectatorship.
« My Ghost can bear no more; but comes to Rage »: spectres de Shakespeare sur les scènes de la Restauration anglaise
Authors: March Florence
Published: January 2023

En février 1700, alors que la dernière réplique de Measure for Measure vient d’être prononcée, le fantôme de Shakespeare fait irruption sur scène, écumant de rage, pour apostropher dramaturge, comédiens et public lors d’un épilogue vigoureux. La pièce, dont la représentation provoque l’ire de Shakespeare, est une adaptation de Charles Gildon : Measure for Measure ; or Beauty The Best Advocate. L’on s’attachera à analyser les processus et les effets de la dynamique de spectralisation à l’œuvre dans cet épilogue nécromantique. Écrit à la toute fin de la période de la Restauration, le paratexte revient sur quarante années de théâtre restauré après le traumatisme de l’Interrègne puritain. Le spectre de Shakespeare convoque à son tour d’autres spectres, faisant de l’épilogue à la fois une fabrique mémorielle, une zone de négociation entre le médium théâtral, son histoire et sa mémoire, et un espace critique à tous les sens du terme, puisqu’il se définit comme une mise en crise et que s’y ébauche un discours sur les esthétiques dramatiques et scéniques. Enfin, il s’agira de voir dans quelle mesure, en cristallisant la dialectique de l’imitation et de la distanciation, la spectralisation de Shakespeare pose les premiers jalons de la construction du mythe shakespearien qui se développe au xviiie siècle pour devenir bardolâtrie au xixe siècle.
‘Pseudonecromantic spectres’: dark media and the technological sublime in eighteenth-century phantasmagoria
Authors: Corcoran Miranda , Carlo Andrea Di
Published: January 2023

Debuting at the very end of the eighteenth century, the Phantasmagoria (La Fantasmagorie) was an astounding combination of art and science. By projecting painted slides onto a transparent screen, the Phantasmagoria gave the impression that the veil separating the living and the dead had been breached, with spectres summoned to appear before a thrilled audience. The Phantasmagoria has been described as an important milestone in the pre-history of cinema and as a precursor to Tom Gunning’s cinema of attraction. Likewise, the Phantasmagoria, appearing at the tail end of the Enlightenment, has been understood as an attempt to reconcile the waning superstition of earlier periods with the new sciences of physics and optics. While these are valid readings of the phenomenon and its popularity, this paper argues that the Phantasmagoria, with its iconography of spectres and spirits engendered from within the heart of a technical apparatus, represents an early manifestation of Mario Costa’s conception of the technological sublime. According to Costa, the technological sublime is primarily a feature of twentieth- and twenty-first-century aesthetics, signalling the displacement of the natural by the technological. Where individuals might previously have experienced an overwhelming sense of awe and terror in the face of the natural world, those sensations are now felt most acutely when one is confronted by the extraordinary capacities of new technology. Our paper frames the Phantasmagoria as an early iteration of the technological sublime, exploring how the machine’s capacity to produce spectres engendered terror, awe and excitement in a late-Enlightenment audience.
Laboratoire des spectres dans le théâtre musical de l’orbe germanique (1754–1781)
Authors: Grosperrin Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2023

La recherche d’une terribilità renouvelée dans le théâtre musical européen au cours de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle – qui culminera avec les grandes tragédies lyriques de Gluck – peut s’observer plus tôt dans l’opera seria et surtout dans les genres récents du ballet-pantomime et du mélodrame. Le phénomène comprend notamment la représentation (ou présentification) de fantômes, suivant deux orientations, traditionnelles d’ailleurs : pathos de l’apostrophe rhétorique (avec processus hallucinatoire le cas échéant) ou apparition sur scène (le spectre étant incarné par un acteur). On se propose d’examiner ces modes de représentation et leur économie théâtrale à partir d’un corpus qui procède en majeure partie d’adaptations des tragédies de Voltaire Sémiramis et Oreste, lesquelles intégraient à leur dramaturgie l’ombre du roi-père. On s’interrogera en particulier sur l’extension du domaine du spectre de Ninus et sur le rapport structurant entre représentation des spectres et modernité des formes du théâtre musical.
Desenvolvimento e bem-estar urbano no estado do Amapá (Brasil) no período censitário de 2010
Authors: Bastos Ananda Brito , Ferreira José Francisco de Carvalho , Freiras Josimar da Silva
Published: January 2023

Este artigo avalia, comparativamente, a classificação dos municípios amapaenses com base no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e no Índice de Bem-Estar Urbano (IBEU). Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseada em dados quantitativos secundários, coletados por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais. Apesar de existir correlação entre os índices, a classificação dos municípios amapaenses não é necessariamente semelhante em cada um deles. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas de classificação de desenvolvimento humano e bem-estar urbano. Aqui se conclui que o espaço urbano amapaense necessita de instrumentos, ferramentas e indicadores que melhorem relevantemente as condições de vida dos habitantes locais, especificamente a formulação e reformulação de estratégias de planejamento urbano e regional.
Políticas territoriais e a questão fundiária no Amapá (1970-2020)
Authors: Batista Edmilson das Merces
Published: January 2023

A partir de uma abordagem histórico-espacial, este artigo examina como, no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1970 a 2020, foi moldada a atual situação fundiária no Amapá. Descreve-se como a atuação do Estado, do capital privado, de posseiros e comunidades tradicionais, repercutiu na forma de distribuição e concentração da propriedade da terra. Para tanto, são descritas e discutidas cinco estratégias presentes na questão fundiária no Amapá: 1) a federalização das terras; 2) a concessão de terras públicas para grandes projetos; 3) a política de colonização ou de assentamentos rurais; 4) a regularização de posseiros e o programa Terra Legal; e 5) a regularização fundiária de comunidades quilombolas.
BR-163 em 5 tempos: uma abordagem geo-foto-gráfica
Authors: Confins
Published: January 2023

BR-163 in 5 times: a geo-photo-graphic approach
Fundo Clima: construção e declínio?
Authors: Colonna Julianna , Tozato Heloisa de Camargo , Araújo Karoline , Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta a evolução orçamentária e a trajetória de do Fundo Clima enquanto instrumento de ação pública durante os anos de 2009 e 2018. Criado pela Lei nº 12.114 de 2009, ele é definido como instrumento econômico da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (Lei n° 12.182/2009). O Ministério do Meio Ambiente é responsável pela sua gestão e operação de uma das duas modalidades de financiamento. A segunda é operada pelo BNDES. As análises realizadas neste artigo se baseiam nos dados orçamentários obtidos por meio do Portal SIGA do governo federal, na análise documental e em entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas entre 2019 e 2020. São analisados quatro pontos principais: evolução orçamentária; a distribuição territorial dos recursos; utilização de indicadores para monitoramento e avaliação dos projetos; e finalmente a comparabilidade entre os dados oficiais fornecidos em diferentes épocas pelos diferentes órgãos envolvidos. Os principais resultados evidenciam: i) a concentração territorial dos recursos operados pelo BNDES na região sudeste e dos recursos operados pelo MMA na região nordeste; ii) o declínio do orçamento do Fundo Clima operado pelo MMA, sobretudo a partir de 2013. A explicação desse declínio reside na estratégia do governo brasileiro de estabelecer metas de redução dos GEE timidas o suficiente para não demandar mudanças outras que o controle do desmatamento ilegal da Amazônia, enfraquecendo a potencialidade do instrumento e a política como um todo, adicionada à disputa dos recursos provenientes da compensação da cadeia produtiva do petróleo, a qual consiste em sua principal fonte. Por fim, o presente estudo evidencia como o estudo de um instrumento permite observar a criação de uma semi-medida que reforça o caráter disruptivo e controverso da política ambiental brasileira.
Agroindústria canavieira e formação territorial paulista: do engenho escravista à usina de açúcar e álcool (1530-1930)
Authors: Pelegrin Rodolfo A. M.
Published: January 2023

Este artigo discute a evolução da agroindústria canavieira paulista e suas relações com a formação territorial do estado de São Paulo, desde a instalação da empresa colonial portuguesa até a afirmação do modelo usineiro que caracteriza o setor ao longo do século XX. O trabalho se utiliza de pesquisa bibliográfica e de imagens, coleta de dados, produção e edição de figuras, para compor uma ilustração dos movimentos produtivos e espaciais que caracterizam tais relações, realçando aspectos geopolíticos, econômicos, institucionais, territoriais e técnicos. A exposição se organiza com uma proposta de periodização, que atravessa um período escravista e um industrial, ao longo dos quais a produção açucareira evolui produtiva e espacialmente, e se conforma o modelo agroindustrial integrado e latifundiário do presente. Busca-se então distinguir transformações e permanências, e caracterizar os vínculos entre a expansão canavieira comercial e a constituição do território paulista, em seus contextos e determinações, com a elaboração de um quadro síntese.
Adapting the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool for French-Canadian Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Vincelette Christian , Rochefort Christian M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Self-administered instruments are used to measure components of work environments that cannot be measured directly. The Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (HWEAT) of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is a promising instrument. However, it is available only in English and Japanese, precluding its use in other populations and cross-national comparisons.

Objectives

To describe the Canadian French translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT (F-HWEAT) and to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties.

Methods

Cross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT and collection of evidence of validity via an electronic cross-sectional survey.

Results

A total of 564 intensive care unit nurses participated in the validation study. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of a single overarching factor measured by the F-HWEAT. The Cronbach α for the instrument was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). The mean and median interitem correlations were both 0.32, and item-partial total correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.64. The overall F-HWEAT score indicated that nurses believed their work environment needed improvements. Moderate positive correlations were found between the overall F-HWEAT score and nurses’ perceptions of care quality (r = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.38-0.51]) and safety (r = 0.48 [95% CI, 0.40-0.55]).

Conclusion

The results support the use of the F-HWEAT in French-speaking populations. Using the F-HWEAT will help elucidate areas needing improvement and expand global dialogues about healthy critical care work environments. With this information, nurse leaders and researchers can develop and implement modern strategies to improve the work conditions of intensive care unit nurses.
Development and Validation of a Model to Simulate Phenology, Canopy Growth and Yield of Maize, Mungbean and Tomato under Tropical Farming Systems
Authors: Kumara J. B. D. A. P. , Suriyagoda L. D. B. , De Costa W. A. J. M. , Malaviarachchi M. A. P. W. K. , Abhayapala K. M. R. D. , Fonseka R. M. S.
Published: January 2023

A significant portion of crop production in the tropics occurs at subsistence level with high vulnerability to climate change. Process-based crop simulation models are effective tools to predict environmental impacts, including climate change effects, and make management decisions on crop production. The principal objective of this work was to develop crop-specific simulation models to predict phenology, canopy growth, and yield performance of maize, mungbean, and tomato crops grown in the tropics, with special relevance to locally adapted inbred germplasm. The developed models consisted of sub-models to simulate canopy growth, radiation interception and conversion, and dry matter partitioning. All sub-models were parameterized by detailed measurements of leaf growth, dry matter accumulation, and partitioning on locally adapted varieties of the three crops over two cropping seasons. The same crop varieties were established in a multi-locational field experiment spanning a sufficiently wide temperature gradient over four cropping seasons for model validation. Models were validated by comparing model predictions of phenological development and yield against field observations and additional secondary data from the literature. Overall, simulated phenological development (R2>0.5, RMSE<5 days for all three crops) and yield (R2>0.5, RMSE<68, 48 and 476 g/m2 for maize, mungbean, and tomato, respectively) of the three crops were in agreement with the observed data under a wide range of environmental conditions. These modelling approaches can be successfully applied to open-pollinated (maize) and inbred varieties (mungbean and tomato) growing under the farmer fields in tropical South Asia.
Vulnerability of Other Field Crop (OFC) Cultivating Farmers to Climatic Variability – A Study in Palugaswewa Cascade and Mahaweli System H in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Authors: Senadeera S. D. N. M. , Dayawansa N. D. K. , De Silva R. P.
Published: January 2023

Frequently occurring extreme weather events have caused agricultural production losses in considerable amounts in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Hence, it is important to understand the farmer groups and the systems that are highly vulnerable to climate change before proposing remedial measures. Paddy is the main crop cultivated by the dry zone farmers in Sri Lanka. The majority of the farmers cultivate paddy during the Maha season while Other Field Crops (OFC) are cultivated in the Yala season in the same land due to water scarcity. This study developed a climate vulnerability index for OFC farmers and tested the applicability of the developed vulnerability index using major and minor irrigation systems. For this study, secondary data was collected from relevant government institutions and field- level organizations. Yield data, demographic data, socioeconomic data, and marketing data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Indicators were selected under three dimensions of vulnerability, representing physical and environmental factors, socioeconomic factors, and external assistance factors. All indicators were calculated for each major and minor irrigation system separately. The results revealed that, farmers in both irrigation systems are highly vulnerable to the external assistance index while scoring low in the physical and environmental index and the socio-economic index. The minor irrigation scheme has a high external assistance to climate change compared to the major irrigation scheme. Overall vulnerability index results Indicated that, the climatic vulnerability of farmers in minor irrigation system is higher (61.6) than in major irrigation systems (57.1). Thus, these types of indices are useful in assessing the status of the farmers so that interventions can be applied to reduce their vulnerability and facilitate their livelihoods.
Development of Liquid Culture System for Rapid Multiplication of Gyrinops walla
Authors: Kaushalya D. B. R. , Eeswara J. P. , Jayasinghe L.
Published: January 2023

Agarwood is an expensive resinous compound, produced by Gyrinops walla as defence response to external damages. The tissue culture technique is the best alternative for both rapid multiplication and product synthesis. This study demonstrated an efficient method of rapid multiplication using liquid cultures for G. walla. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L IBA, 100 mg/L Myoinositol and 30.0 g/L of sucrose, and 3.0 g/L Phytagel (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the control (T0). The effect of shoot growth on liquid culture on the same medium was investigated without inert support (T1) and kept on a shaker, with the support of filter paper bridges (T2), rigid support (T3), wet foam (T4), and a double layer of liquid and semi-solid medium (T5). At the end of the sixth week, growth rates and cell doubling times were calculated. Results showed significant differences between treatments at α=0.05 probability level (P< 0.0001). All liquid cultures except T3 stimulate the biomass. T1 had the highest growth rate (0.38 g/week) and the shortest cell doubling time (1.82 weeks) of G. walla (11-13 shoots from one shoot), but it also had hyperhydricity, which was overcome by combining liquid cultures with a flexible matrix or using a double-layer system. The nature of the matrix was found to be a vital factor in achieving the desired benefits of the liquid cultures. The use of a matrix is unnecessary if T5 is used to achieve the desired results.
Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Active and Precursor Properdin
Authors: Götze O. , Medicus R. , Müller-Eberhard H. J.
Published: January 2023

Properdin purified by dissociation from serum-treated zymosan (P̄) was compared with precursor properdin (P) purified by a method using column chromatography in Tris and phosphate buffer of pH > 7 in combination with the removal of small amounts of contaminants by immune adsorption. Both preparations were essentially homogeneous by immunochemical criteria and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Preparations of precursor P and zymosan-purified properdin (P̄) contained variable amounts of activated properdin as evidenced by their capacity to form a fluid-phase C3 convertase when incuabted with normal human serum (NHS) or NHS depleted of C4 and properdin (HHSs̄C4,P). Incubation with physiologic amounts of P̄ or P (20 µg/ml serum) resulted in 7 to 48% and 14 to 22% C3 consumption, respectively. In the presence of zymosan (10 mg/ml NHSs̄C4,P), properdin activities increased up to more than 20-fold, both P̄ and P now having virtually indentical specific activities.
Characterization of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) Produced by the Macrophage Cell Line, P388D1
Authors: Mizel Steven B. , Oppenheim Joost J. , Rosenstreich David L.
Published: January 2023

In the absence of exogeneous stimulation, the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, produced low but significant amounts of lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). When P388D1 cells were incubated with PHA-activated DBA/2 mouse or Hartley guinea pig T cells, LAF production was greatly enhanced. LAF activity was not detected in cultures of only PHA-activated T cells, or in cultures of T cells incubated with P388 cells, the parent nonmacrophage lymphoma from which the P388D1 cell line was obtained. P3888D1-derived LAF was also shown to be biologically distinct from the guinea pig lymphocyte mitogenic factor that, unlike LAF, is produced by PHA-activated T cells. These results, therefore, suggest that P388D1 cells are the cell source for most, if not all, the LAF produced in mixed cultures of P388D1 cells and T cells.

The stimulatory effect of activated T cells on LAF production was dependent on cell contact, since LAF production was not enhanced when P388D1 cells and T cells were separated by a semipermeable Nuclepore membrane in a Marbrook culture vessel. T cells did not have to proliferate in order to stimulate P388D1-LAF production, but T cell viability was essential. In addition, the level of LAF activity was dependent on at least three culture variables: the time of incubation of P388D1 cells and T lymphocytes, the ratio of P388D1 cells to T lymphocytes, and the fetal calf serum concentration.

Based on the results of these studies, it appears that P388D1 cells are an excellent source of LAF for both biologic and biochemical studies.
Thymopoietin Enhances the Allogeneic Response and Cyclic GMP Levels of Mouse Peripheral, Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes
Authors: Sunshine Geoffrey H. , Basch Ross S. , Coffey Ronald G. , Cohen Kenneth W. , Goldstein Gideon , Hadden John W.
Published: January 2023

The action of the purified thymic factor, thymopoietin, on populations of post-thymic lymphocytes has been studied. Thymopoietin, at concentrations as low as 1.5 ng/ml, uniquely enhanced the proliferative response of peripheral T cells from lymph node and spleen to allogeneic stimulation. Enhancement of the allogeneic response (MLR) was not produced by several polypeptide hormones, including insulin, ACTH, HCG, or Ubiquitin. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy-1 antiserum almost completely abolished the MLR. Thymopoietin's stimulatory effects could not reverse this. Thymopoietin treatment of Thy-1+-enriched spleen cell populations enhanced the MLR even when thymopoietin was removed as early as 2 min after incubation with responding cells. The interaction of thymopoietin with peripheral Thy-1+ cell populations produced a rapid and transient rise in cyclic GMP levels and slightly decreased cyclic AMP levels. These results suggest that thymopoietin interacts with one or more Thy-1+ subpopulations and that this interaction involves early changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
Altered Immune Responsiveness Associated with Experimental Syphilis in the Rabbit: Elevated IgM and Depressed IgG Responses to Sheep Erythrocytes
Authors: Baughn Robert E. , Musher Daniel M.
Published: January 2023

Generalized suppression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis detectable by depressed responses to heterologous antigens may be a mechanism by which certain parasites evade host defenses and establish chronic infections. To determine if such a mechanism occurs in syphilis, rabbits were infected with Treponema pallidum, and at weekly intervals thereafter these rabbits and uninfected controls were sensitized with SRBC. Seven days later the number of antibody-forming cells present in the spleen was determined by the Jerne plaque technique. After a transient suppression in the 1st week, IgM-PFC were elevated from up to 7 weeks after infection. The IgG response to SRBC was depressed early in infection and continued to decline to less than one-tenth of control levels over the next few weeks, persisting throughout overt infection and returning to normal by the end of 2 months. IgG-PFC, and 2-ME-resistant hemagglutinins and hemolysins were also significantly depressed in infected rabbits after two immunizing doses of SRBC. These results suggest that the depressed IgG response caused by syphilitic infection may enable treponemes to evade host immunity by interfering with immunoregulatory mechanisms.