bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A signalling cascade of IL-33 to IL-13 regulates metaplasia in the mouse stomach
Authors: Petersen Christine P , Meyer Anne R , De Salvo Carlo , Choi Eunyoung , Schlegel Cameron , Petersen Alec , Engevik Amy C , Prasad Nripesh , Levy Shawn E , Peebles R Stokes , Pizarro Theresa T , Goldenring James R
Published: February 2017

Objective

Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are associated with the progression of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in the stomach. However, the precise mechanism(s) and critical mediators that induce SPEM are unknown.

Design

To determine candidate genes important in these processes, macrophages from the stomach corpus of mice with SPEM (DMP-777-treated) or advanced SPEM (L635-treated) were isolated and RNA sequenced. Effects on metaplasia development after acute parietal cell loss induced by L635 were evaluated in interleukin (IL)-33, IL-33 receptor (ST2) and IL-13 knockout (KO) mice.

Results

Profiling of metaplasia-associated macrophages in the stomach identified an M2a-polarised macrophage population. Expression of IL-33 was significantly upregulated in macrophages associated with advanced SPEM. L635 induced metaplasia in the stomachs of wild-type mice, but not in the stomachs of IL-33 and ST2 KO mice. While IL-5 and IL-9 were not required for metaplasia induction, IL-13 KO mice did not develop metaplasia in response to L635. Administration of IL-13 to ST2 KO mice re-established the induction of metaplasia following acute parietal cell loss.

Conclusions

Metaplasia induction and macrophage polarisation after parietal cell loss is coordinated through a cytokine signalling network of IL-33 and IL-13, linking a combined response to injury by both intrinsic mucosal mechanisms and infiltrating M2 macrophages.
The influence of atomic dipole–dipole interaction on the dynamics of the population inversion and entanglement of two atoms interacting non-resonantly with two coupled modes field
Authors: Faraji Elham , Baghshahi Hamid Reza , Tavassoly Mohammad Kazem
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the non-resonant interaction of two two-level atoms with two quantized cavity fields is studied by considering the dipole–dipole interaction between the two atoms. The correlation between the fields has been taken into account and the parametric down conversion is considered. Under certain initial conditions which is determined for the atoms and the fields, the analytical solution for the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is obtained. Employing this solution, we are able to discuss about some physical properties such as atomic population inversion and entanglement between various subsystems, i.e. “atoms–fields” and “atom–atom” by using respectively von Neumann entropy and negativity. It is deduced from the numerical results that, the mentioned quantities can be controlled by the atomic dipole–dipole interaction and detuning parameter, appropriately. The results show that the degree of entanglement between the two atoms is increased due to the presence of dipole–dipole coupling of the atoms at the beginning of atom–field interaction. Furthermore, it is found that, in the non-resonance condition, the so-called entanglement sudden death occurs in the presence of dipole–dipole interaction.
130 nm CMOS Bulk-Driven Variable Gain Amplifier for Low-Voltage Applications
Authors: Arbet Daniel , Stopjaková Viera , Kováč Martin , Nagy Lukáš , Rakús Matej , Šovčík Michal
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a variable gain amplifier (VGA) designed in 130 nm CMOS technology is presented. The proposed amplifier is based on the bulk-driven (BD) design approach, which brings a possibility to operate with low supply voltage. Since the supply voltage of only 0.6 V is used for the amplifier to operate, there is no risk of latch-up event that usually represents the main drawback of the BD circuit systems. BD transistors are employed in the input differential stage, which makes it possible to operate in rail-to-rail input voltage range. Achieved simulation results indicate that gain of the proposed VGA can be varied in a wide scale, which together with the low supply voltage feature make the proposed amplifier useful for low-voltage and low-power applications. An additional circuit responsible for maintaining the linear-in-decibel gain dependency of the VGA is also addressed. The proposed circuit block avails arbitrary shaping of the curve characterizing the gain versus the controlling voltage dependency.
Climate Adaptation of Tropical Cattle
Authors: Barendse W.
Published: February 2017

There is sustained growth in the number of tropical cattle, which represent more than half of all cattle worldwide. By and large, most research in tropical areas is still focused on breeds of cattle, their particular advantages or disadvantages in tropical areas, and the tropical forages or feeds that could be usefully fed to them. A consistent issue for adaptation to climate is the heat of tropical environments. Changing the external characteristics of the animal, such as color and coat characteristics, is one way to adapt, and there are several major genes for these traits. However, further improvement in heat tolerance and other adaptation traits will need to use the entire genome and all physical and physiological systems. Apart from the response to heat, climate forcing through methane emission identifies dry season weight loss as an important if somewhat neglected trait in climate adaptation of cattle. The use of genome-estimated breeding values in tropical areas is in its infancy and will be difficult to implement, but will be essential for rapid, coordinated genetic improvement. The difficulty of implementation cannot be exaggerated and may require major improvements in methodology.
Exposure to placental ischemia impairs postpartum maternal renal and cardiac function in rats
Authors: Paauw Nina D. , Joles Jaap A. , Spradley Frank T. , Bakrania Bhavisha , Zsengeller Zsuzsanna K. , Franx Arie , Verhaar Marianne C. , Granger Joey P. , Lely A. Titia
Published: February 2017

Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular and renal diseases later in life, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. In rats, we assessed whether placental ischemia results in long-term effects on the maternal cardiovascular and renal systems using the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model for PE. Sprague-Dawley rats received either a Sham or RUPP operation at gestational day 14. The rats were followed for 8 wk after delivery (Sham n = 12, RUPP n = 21) at which time mean arterial pressure (MAP; conscious), 24-h albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR; transcutaneous, FITC-sinistrin), and cardiac function (Vevo 770 system) were assessed. Subsequently, all rats were euthanized for mesenteric artery vasorelaxation and histology of heart and kidney. At 8 wk after delivery, there was no difference in MAP and albuminuria. However, RUPP rats showed a significantly reduced GFR [2.61 ± 0.53 vs. 3.37 ± 0.74 ml/min; P = 0.01]. Ultrasound showed comparable cardiac structure, but RUPP rats had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (62 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 10%; P = 0.04). Heart and kidney histology was not different between Sham or RUPP rats. Furthermore, there were no differences in endothelial-dependent or -independent vasorelaxation. We show that exposure to placental ischemia in rats is accompanied by functional disturbances in maternal renal and cardiac function 8 wk after a preeclamptic pregnancy. However, these changes were not dependent on differences in blood pressure, small artery vasorelaxation, or cardiac and renal structure at this time point postpartum.
Differential regulation of NMDA receptors by d-serine and glycine in mammalian spinal locomotor networks
Authors: Acton David , Miles Gareth B.
Published: February 2017

Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) requires the binding of a coagonist, either d-serine or glycine, in addition to glutamate. Changes in occupancy of the coagonist binding site are proposed to modulate neural networks including those controlling swimming in frog tadpoles. Here, we characterize regulation of the NMDAR coagonist binding site in mammalian spinal locomotor networks. Blockade of NMDARs by d(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (d-APV) or 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid reduced the frequency and amplitude of pharmacologically induced locomotor-related activity recorded from the ventral roots of spinal-cord preparations from neonatal mice. Furthermore, d-APV abolished synchronous activity induced by blockade of inhibitory transmission. These results demonstrate an important role for NMDARs in murine locomotor networks. Bath-applied d-serine enhanced the frequency of locomotor-related but not disinhibited bursting, indicating that coagonist binding sites are saturated during the latter but not the former mode of activity. Depletion of endogenous d-serine by d-amino acid oxidase or the serine-racemase inhibitor erythro-β-hydroxy-l-aspartic acid (HOAsp) increased the frequency of locomotor-related activity, whereas application of l-serine to enhance endogenous d-serine synthesis reduced burst frequency, suggesting a requirement for d-serine at a subset of synapses onto inhibitory interneurons. Consistent with this, HOAsp was ineffective during disinhibited activity. Bath-applied glycine (1–100 µM) failed to alter locomotor-related activity, whereas ALX 5407, a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1), enhanced burst frequency, supporting a role for GlyT1 in NMDAR regulation. Together these findings indicate activity-dependent and synapse-specific regulation of the coagonist binding site within spinal locomotor networks, illustrating the importance of NMDAR regulation in shaping motor output.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence that NMDARs within murine spinal locomotor networks determine the frequency and amplitude of ongoing locomotor-related activity in vitro and that NMDARs are regulated by d-serine and glycine in a synapse-specific and activity-dependent manner. In addition, glycine transporter-1 is shown to be an important regulator of NMDARs during locomotor-related activity. These results show how excitatory transmission can be tuned to diversify the output repertoire of spinal locomotor networks in mammals.
MUC16 Regulates TSPYL5 for Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Chemoresistance by Suppressing p53
Authors: Lakshmanan Imayavaramban , Salfity Shereen , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Thomas Abigail , Das Srustidhar , Majhi Prabin D. , Nimmakayala Rama Krishna , Vengoji Raghupathy , Lele Subodh M. , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Batra Surinder K. , Ganti Apar Kishor
Published: February 2017

Purpose: MUC16, a tumor biomarker and cell surface–associated mucin, is overexpressed in various cancers; however, its role in lung cancer pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we have explored the mechanistic role of MUC16 in lung cancer.

Experimental Design: To identify the functional role of MUC16, stable knockdown was carried in lung cancer cells with two different shRNAs. Clinical significance of MUC16 was evaluated in lung cancer patient tissues using IHC. We have generated genetically engineered mouse model (KrasG12D; AdCre) to evaluate the preclinical significance of MUC16.

Results: MUC16 was overexpressed (P = 0.03) in lung cancer as compared with normal tissues. MUC16 knockdown (KD) in lung cancer cell lines decreased the in vitro growth rate (P < 0.05), migration (P < 0.001), and in vivo tumor growth (P = 0.007), whereas overexpression of MUC16-carboxyl terminal (MUC16-Cter) resulted in increased growth rate (P < 0.001). Transcriptome analysis of MUC16 KD showed a downregulation (P = 0.005) of TSPYL5 gene, which encodes for a testis-specific Y-like protein. Rescue studies via overexpression of MUC16-Cter in MUC16 KD cells showed activation of signaling proteins, such as JAK2 (Y1007/1008), STAT3 (Y705), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which constitutes an important axis for the regulation of TSPYL5 for oncogenic process. Further, inhibition of STAT3 (Y705) led to decreased GR and TSPYL5, suggesting that MUC16 regulates TSPYL5 through the JAK2/STAT3/GR axis. Also, MUC16 overexpression induced cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance by downregulation of p53.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate a significant role of MUC16 in tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer cells possibly via regulation of TSPYL5 through the JAK2/STAT3/GR axis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3906–17. ©2017 AACR.
Importance of Timing First-Trimester Placental Growth Factor and Use of Serial First-Trimester Placental Growth Factor Measurements in Screening for Preeclampsia
Authors: Mosimann Beatrice , Amylidi-Mohr Sofia , Höland Katrin , Surbek Daniel , Risch Lorenz , Raio Luigi
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aims of this study were to test whether the performance of first-trimester placental growth factor (PlGF) in screening for preterm preeclampsia (PE) is gestational age dependent and to assess the value of serial first-trimester PlGF measurements in discriminating women at risk for PE. Methods: PlGF was measured in women with singleton pregnancies at their first antenatal visit at 8+0 to 10+6 and additionally at 11+0 to 14+0 weeks of gestation. The difference in absolute values of serial PlGF measurements was expressed as Δ-PlGF. Values were compared between pregnancies with normal outcome and those complicated by PE. Results: A total of 814 pregnancies were included, 18 (2.19%) developed PE that required delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. PlGF increases significantly from 8 to 14 weeks of gestation (ρ = 0.63; p < 0.0001) in normal pregnancies, but not so in preterm PE (ρ = 0.034; p = 0.893). PlGF discriminates between PE and uneventful pregnancies only after 10 weeks of gestation. Δ-PlGF was significantly lower in PE 5.3 (-1.1 to 9.3) pg/mL compared to uneventful pregnancies 17.3 (9.8-26.0) pg/mL (p = 0.0011). Conclusion: The discriminatory accuracy of PlGF increases from 10 to 14 weeks of gestation, and serial PlGF measurements might be of particular interest in PE screening.
Significant Amelioration of Tracheal Stenosis following Lenvatinib in a Patient Who Has Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Bronchomediastinal Infiltration: A Case Report
Authors: Fukuhara Takahiro , Donishi Ryohei , Koyama Satoshi , Miyake Naritomo , Matsuda Eriko , Fujiwara Kazunori , Kitano Hiroya , Takeuchi Hiromi
Published: February 2017

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and no known drugs have exhibited acceptable efficacy. In recent years, novel anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed. We encountered a case of tracheal stenosis due to mediastinal and tracheal infiltration of anaplastic carcinoma for which lenvatinib exhibited remarkable effects; owing to this, airway management could be performed, even though the patient’s condition was considered critical. Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented with locally advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma that was observed to have mediastinal infiltration. Tracheal stenosis due to infiltration of the trachea occurred, and the condition of the patient rapidly deteriorated. Radiation and chemotherapy consisting of cetuximab, cisplatin, and fluorouracil were ineffective, but his tracheal stenosis was relieved 2 weeks after initiation of lenvatinib, after which the patient could be discharged. However, the lenvatinib was ineffective for his liver, bone, and brain metastatic lesions, and the patient remained in a critical condition. Conclusion: We encountered a case in which lenvatinib was effective for locally advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, leading to an improvement in quality of life and a prolonged life. The drug was effective for the primary lesion, but mixed efficacy was noted for distant metastatic lesions.
Huperzia wusugongii nom. nov. (Lycopodiopsida: Huperziaceae) from West China
Authors: XU XIAO-GANG , ZHOU XIN-MAO , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: February 2017

A new name of the lycophyte genus Huperzia (Huperziaceae), H. wusugongii Li Bing Zhang, X.G. Xu & X.M. Zhou, from west China is proposed to replace the later homonym, H. rubricaulis S.K. Wu & X. Cheng [‘rubicaulis’], of H. rubricaulis (Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh) Holub.
Rumex tunetanus (Polygonaceae): rediscovery of an endangered Tunisian endemic
Authors: GHRABI-GAMMAR ZEINEB , MULLER SERGE D. , ROUISSI MAYA , JILANI IMTINEN BEN HAJ , RHAZI LAÏLA , BÉLAIR GÉRARD DE , SAAD-LIMAM SEMIA BEN , DAOUD-BOUATTOUR AMINA
Published: February 2017

Rumex tunetanus is a strictly endemic species occurring on the banks of the dried lake of Sejenane (NW-Tunisia) which was discovered in 1888 (published in 1899), but never seen until our rediscovery in 2009. This finding allowed us to give a more complete morphological description of the species, as well as to specify its ecological preferences and conservation status. A lectotype preserved at P was designated for the name Rumex tunetanus.
A new species of Notiphilides from Amazonia, with a redescription of N. grandis (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Oryidae)
Authors: CALVANESE VICTOR C. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: February 2017

Notiphilides grandis Brölemann, 1905 is here redescribed based on the female holotype and specimens recently collected in the type locality, Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the male is described for the first time. Notiphilides amazonica sp. n. is described based only on female specimens from Peru and Brazil. We provide a key and distribution map for the known species of Notiphilides.
Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret
Authors: GONZÁLEZ PATRICIA , CLAPS LUCÍA E. , JUÁREZ ANDREA , MORENO DIEGO
Published: February 2017

Three new species of Eriococcidae from Argentina, namely Acanthococcus haywardi Juárez & González sp. nov., A. punctatae Juárez & González sp. nov. and A. riojensis Juárez & González sp. nov., are described and illustrated, bringing the total number of eriococcid species now known from Argentina to 12, of which six belong to Acanthococcus Signoret and six to Hempelicoccus Kozár. They are found on 11 species of Fabaceae (subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioidae), are widely distributed and are all restricted to the Neotropical region and the South American Transitional Zone. A key to the 12 Eriococcidae species now known on Fabaceae in Argentina is included.
Revision of the genus Parasphaerolaimus (Nematoda: Sphaerolaimidae) with description of new species
Authors: ZOGRAF JULIA K. , PAVLYUK OLGA N. , TREBUKHOVA YULIA A. , TU NGUYEN DINH
Published: February 2017

The family Sphaerolaimidae Filipjev, 1918 includes nematodes that are characterized by the finely striated cuticle, round amphids, broad buccal cavity with longitudinal ribs, and single anterior ovary in females. Parasphaerolaimus species from this family are found in intertidal and subtidal sediments and have also been reported from mangroves and estuaries. Parasphaerolaimus pilosus sp. n. is characterized by the moderately plump body, presence of lateral alae, long cervical setae, small amphids in males, and relatively short spicules. As a result of a comprehensive evaluation of species descriptions, eight species in the genus Parasphaerolaimus are recognized valid, and an identification key to species level is provided.
A Global Dynamic Long-Term Inundation Extent Dataset at High Spatial Resolution Derived through Downscaling of Satellite Observations
Authors: Aires Filipe , Miolane Léo , Prigent Catherine , Pham Binh , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Lehner Bernhard , Papa Fabrice
Published: February 2017

A new procedure is introduced to downscale low-spatial-resolution inundation extents from Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) to a 3-arc-s (90 m) dataset (known as GIEMS-D3). The methodology is based on topography and hydrography information from the HydroSHEDS database. A new floodability index is introduced and an innovative smoothing procedure is developed to ensure a smooth transition, in the high-resolution maps, between the low-resolution boxes from GIEMS. Topography information is pertinent for natural hydrology environments controlled by elevation but is more limited in human-modified basins. However, the proposed downscaling approach is compatible with forthcoming fusion of other, more pertinent satellite information in these difficult regions. The resulting GIEMS-D3 database is the only high-spatial-resolution inundation database available globally at a monthly time scale over the 1993–2007 period. GIEMS-D3 is assessed by analyzing its spatial and temporal variability and evaluated by comparisons to other independent satellite observations from visible (Google Earth and Landsat), infrared (MODIS), and active microwave (synthetic aperture radar).
On the Accuracy of Overturn-Based Estimates of Turbulent Dissipation at Rough Topography
Authors: Jalali Masoud , Chalamalla Vamsi K. , Sarkar Sutanu
Published: February 2017

Evidence in support of overturn-based methods, often used to infer turbulent dissipation rate from density profiles, is typically from regions with weaker turbulence than that at rough-topography hotspots. The present work uses direct numerical simulations (DNS) of an idealized problem of sloping topography as well as high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flow at more realistic topography in order to investigate the accuracy of overturn-based methods in sites with internal wave breaking. Two methods are assessed: Thorpe sorting, where the overturn length LT is based on local distortion of measured density from the background, and inversion sorting, where the inversion length scale LI measures the statically unstable local region. The overturn boundaries are different between the two methods. Thorpe sorting leads to an order of magnitude overestimate of the turbulent dissipation in the DNS during large convective overturn events when inversion sorting is more accurate. The LES of steep, realistic topography leads to a similar conclusion of a substantial overestimate of dissipation by Thorpe sorting. Energy arguments explain the better performance of inversion sorting in convectively driven turbulence and the better performance of Thorpe sorting in shear-driven turbulence.
Reforming College Sports
Authors: Meyer Jayma , Zimbalist Andrew
Published: February 2017

College sports has been undergoing rapid commercialization and reorganization. This transformation has led to sharpening inequality among schools within and between divisions, unstable and unsustainable economics, and burgeoning legal challenges. It is not an exaggeration to state that intercollegiate athletics is at an economic and legal tipping point. This article first discusses the economic issues confronting college sports. It then turns to consider the plethora of litigation facing the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and argues that antitrust and labor laws are inadequate means to respond effectively to the economic and legal challenges surrounding college sports. Finally, the article makes the case for a limited and conditional antitrust exemption for the NCAA that would promote the primacy of academics and the fair treatment of athletes.
Assessing the Clinical Utility of the Question, “Is Your Child/Are You Back to Normal?” in Pediatric Concussion Symptom Resolution
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Kirkwood Michael W. , Comstock R. Dawn , Currie Dustin , Grubenhoff Joseph A.
Published: February 2017

This study investigates the relationship between the general question, “Is your child/are you back to normal?” and a validated postconcussive symptom scale when assessing symptom resolution following concussion. Children with acute concussion were enrolled during an emergency department visit. Sensitivity and specificity analyses compared the true/false question, “My child is/I am back to normal” at 3 days postinjury with the Concussion Symptom Inventory (CSI; gold standard). A total of 201 participants were enrolled in the study with complete data. The true/false questions of “My child is/I am back to normal” had sensitivities of 78.4% and 59.3% and specificities of 75.0% and 86.4% for caregiver and child responses, respectively, when compared with their corresponding CSI. This study demonstrates that asking a parent or child if the child is back to normal has poor sensitivity and modest specificity in determining if a child’s symptoms have resolved within 3 days of sustaining a concussion relative to a standardized symptom scale.
Clustering Strategy in Intellectually Gifted Children
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Xingli , He Yunfeng , Shi Jiannong
Published: February 2017

This study examined three aspects of the clustering strategy used by participants: the differences of clustering strategy between intellectually gifted and average children; the relationship between clustering strategy and recall performance in intellectually gifted and average children; and the differences in recall performance on collaborative recall task of intellectually gifted and average children. Thirty-eight intellectually gifted and 44 intellectually average children were recruited, and their collaborative and individual recall performances were tested. The results showed that intellectually gifted children had better clustering strategy than their peers when adjusted ratio of clustering scores were calculated ( p < .01); clustering strategy positively correlated with recall performance in intellectually average children ( p < .05), while no such correlation was found in intellectually gifted children ( p = .95); there was no collaborative inhibition in the gifted group ( p = .82). These findings partly resolve the conflicts in individual research and expand on the conclusions regarding collaborative memory.
Sequential Prediction of Literacy Achievement for Specific Learning Disabilities Contrasting in Impaired Levels of Language in Grades 4 to 9
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth A. , Berninger Virginia W. , Abbott Robert D.
Published: February 2017

Sequential regression was used to evaluate whether language-related working memory components uniquely predict reading and writing achievement beyond cognitive-linguistic translation for students in Grades 4 through 9 ( N = 103) with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in subword handwriting (dysgraphia, n = 25), word reading and spelling (dyslexia, n = 60), or oral and written language (oral and written language learning disabilities, n = 18). That is, SLDs are defined on the basis of cascading level of language impairment (subword, word, and syntax/text). A five-block regression model sequentially predicted literacy achievement from cognitive-linguistic translation (Block 1); working memory components for word-form coding (Block 2), phonological and orthographic loops (Block 3), and supervisory focused or switching attention (Block 4); and SLD groups (Block 5). Results showed that cognitive-linguistic translation explained an average of 27% and 15% of the variance in reading and writing achievement, respectively, but working memory components explained an additional 39% and 27% of variance. Orthographic word-form coding uniquely predicted nearly every measure, whereas attention switching uniquely predicted only reading. Finally, differences in reading and writing persisted between dyslexia and dysgraphia, with dysgraphia higher, even after controlling for Block 1 to 4 predictors. Differences in literacy achievement between students with dyslexia and oral and written language learning disabilities were largely explained by the Block 1 predictors. Applications to identifying and teaching students with these SLDs are discussed.
Music Teacher Educator Perspectives on Social Justice
Authors: Salvador Karen , Kelly-McHale Jacqueline
Published: February 2017

Given the shifting demographics in American education, the rising likelihood of students with special needs being taught in inclusive classrooms, and the increasing openness with which students are challenging gender and sex norms, social justice has become a prevalent research topic in music education. This survey sought to investigate the perspectives of music teacher educators with regard to social justice, music education, and music teacher education. Many of the 361 respondents indicated engagement with social justice and shared methods for addressing social justice topics in music teacher education as well as describing limitations that prevented them from doing more. However, about 50% of respondents defined social justice in “difference-blind” terms. A further 10% to 15% of respondents rejected the need to address social justice topics in music teacher education, stated it was not their job, and/or described social justice as a waste of instructional time that should be spent on content. In contrast, 10% to 15% of respondents expressed a desire for assistance understanding more about social justice in school music settings and/or suggestions how to teach about social justice topics in undergraduate music teacher education. This article concludes with a discussion of these findings and suggestions for future research.
Emerging Adults' Experiences of Grandparent Death
Authors: Manoogian Margaret M. , Vandenbroeke Juliana , Ringering Amy , Toray Tamina , Cooley Eric
Published: February 2017

This qualitative study examined the experience of grandparent death among 74 emerging adults enrolled in college. Guided by the life course perspective, the authors specifically explored (a) participant responses to the death, (b) how family systems were influenced by the loss of the grandparent, and (c) how grandparent death motivated life course transitions for emerging adults. The findings suggest that the death trajectory, level of attachment, the role the grandchild played in the family, as well as the coping style utilized affected participants' grief processes. This study underscores the importance of the grandchild–grandparent tie, how new death experiences create meaning and ritual, and how life course transitions are motivated when an older family member dies. Implications for providing support on college campuses when emerging adults experience grandparent death are highlighted.
Geochemical analysis and origin of gas in volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin
Authors: Tao Shizhen , Li Changwei , Ma Weijiao , Liu Deliang , Mi Jingkui , Pang Zhenglian
Published: February 2017

Volcanic reservoirs are extensive in the Songliao Basin and mainly include intermediate-basic rocks in the northern part, intermediate-acidic rocks in Xujiaweizi in the southern part, and acidic rocks in the Jinglin block. The natural gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin has a wide range of compositions, with alkanes being dominant in most cases, although carbon dioxide is dominant in some wells. Generally, the gas in the volcanic rocks near deep faults has high contents of carbon dioxide, whereas the natural gas in volcanic rocks far from faults has low carbon dioxide contents. The gas in the volcanic reservoirs is of multiple origins, including abiogenic gas of probable mantle origin (generally found in wells with high carbon dioxide contents) and organic gas mainly derived from organic matter in the basin. The abiogenic alkanes have δ13C values in the order of δ13C1 > δ13C2 > δ13C3 > δ13C4, which is opposite that of alkanes of organic origin. The 3He/4He ratios of the fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs range from 0.286 × 10−6 to 7.33 × 10−6, with an average of 2.48 × 10−6, and the R/Ra ratios range from 0.26 to 5.24, with most values being greater than 1.0, indicating mixed origins of noble gases from the crust and the mantle. The gas in fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs has δ13C1 values ranging from −17.1 to −28.7‰ (PDB), δ13C2 values ranging from −23.4 to −32.4‰ (mostly approximately −25‰), and δ13Cco2 values ranging from −10.97 to −21.73‰, which are significantly different from the isotopic compositions of the gas in the present reservoirs, suggesting that some abiogenic alkanes may have been charged into the reservoirs during the geologic history of the basin. The early charged CO2 is mainly organic in origin, while the abiogenic CO2 was charged during the main accumulation period, producing a mix of origins for the gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin. The abiogenic alkanes, He, and CO2 in the natural gas indicate the addition of some abiogenic gas to the gas. According to the relationship between the distribution and attitude of volcanic rocks and faults, we found that the abiogenic gas reservoirs are located near fault zones, whereas the organic and mixed gas reservoirs are located far from fault zones. The geochemical study of natural gas is helpful in determining the origin and spatial distribution patterns of gas in deep volcanic reservoirs and for directing further gas exploration in the Songliao Basin.
Sage on the Stage
Authors: Johnson Camille S. , Smith Pamela K. , Wang Chunlei
Published: February 2017

Who presents at conferences matters. Presenting research benefits speakers, and presenters shape the conclusions audiences draw about who can succeed in a field. This is particularly important for members of historically underrepresented or disadvantaged groups, such as women. We investigated gender representation over a 13-year period among speakers at the largest social and personality psychology conference. On average, women were underrepresented as speakers, though this effect diminished over time. Chairs appeared to serve as gatekeepers: In symposia chaired by women, almost half of the invited speakers were women, whereas in symposia chaired by men, it was a third. The representation of women as speakers varied significantly by academic rank, with women underrepresented at lower ranks but not as full professors, and by topic. Women also tended to present with a smaller, less varied array of individuals than men, though this could be explained by women’s lower average academic rank.
First in human trial of a type I positive allosteric modulator of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and evidence for neurocognitive effect of AVL-3288
Authors: Gee Kelvin W , Olincy Ann , Kanner Richard , Johnson Lynn , Hogenkamp Derk , Harris Josette , Tran Minhtam , Edmonds Stephen A , Sauer William , Yoshimura Ryan , Johnstone Timothy , Freedman Robert
Published: February 2017

Type I positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the alpha7-nicotinic receptor enhance its cholinergic activation while preserving the spatiotemporal features of synaptic transmission and the receptor’s characteristic rapid desensitization kinetics. Alpha7-nicotinic receptor agonists have shown promise for improving cognition in schizophrenia, but longer-term trials have been disappointing. Therefore, the type I PAM AVL-3288 was evaluated for safety and preliminary evidence of neurocognitive effect in healthy human subjects. Single-dose oral administration in ascending doses was conducted in a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I trial in non-smokers. The trial found indication of positive but non-significant effects on neurocognition at 10 and 30 mg, two doses that produced overlapping peak levels. There was also some evidence for effects on inhibition of the P50 auditory evoked potential to repeated stimuli, a biomarker that responds to alpha7-nicotinic receptor activation. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were consistent between subjects, and there were no safety concerns. The effects and safety profile were also assessed at 3 mg in a cohort of smokers, in whom concurrent nicotine administration did not alter either effects or safety. The trial demonstrates that a type I PAM can be safely administered to humans and that it has potential positive neurocognitive effects in central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Toxicological perturbations of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the Coelatura aegyptiaca mussel
Authors: Fahmy Sohair R , Sayed Dawlat A
Published: February 2017

More research is needed to understand the interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with aquatic organisms and their mechanism of toxic action. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are the most used engineered metal oxide NPs in consumer products. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and digestive gland (DG) as well as gill histopathology of the freshwater molluscan bivalve Coelatura aegyptiaca following exposure to ZnONPs (2, 10 and 50 mg/L) for 6 consecutive days. Exposure to ZnONPs (10 and 50 mg/L) induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide with a concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase levels in the haemolymph, DG and gills of the treated mussels. Following exposure to ZnONPs (50 mg/L), the DG exhibited gradual changes in glandular activity showing hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the glandular cells and irregularity of lamellae and swelling of filaments in the gills. The present investigation revealed that oxidative stress induction, genotoxicity in the haemocytes and histological alterations in the DG and gills of C. aegyptiaca could be the main mechanisms involved in ZnONPs toxicity in aquatic organisms. Thereby, it is suggested that ZnONPs should be applied with more precautions in relevant industries, and occupational health surveillance should be necessarily considered.
The Phoenix Rises: Tokyo’s Origins as a Global City
Authors: Gottfried Heidi
Published: February 2017

Tokyo’s dizzyingly disarrayed built environment almost defies rendering an interpretation of the city’s symbolism. To do so, this article puts forth a geography of power approach that imposes order on the urban grid for analyzing Tokyo, both as a symbolic space and as a terrain of struggle. The global ascendance of Tokyo was made possible by the state’s developmental economic projects materialized in massive infrastructure and architecture built during two critical conjunctures, when the fate of the city could have turned out differently. Pinpointing critical conjunctures takes seriously historical contingency in writing the histories of particular urban spaces. The article documents inter-scalar political forces fostering developmental urbanization in Japan. Developmental urbanization grew out of geo-politics and the quelling of social turmoil in the aftermath of the Second World War and in the context of increasing globalization during the 1970s–80s. The post-imperial reclamation of Japan’s place in the region considers the articulation of Japanese capitalist development in American geo-political networks; the subordination of Japanese social movements and labor; and the tensions inherent in an infrastructural fix to the problem of social conflict.
An investigation of force components in orthogonal cutting of medical grade cobalt–chromium alloy (ASTM F1537)
Authors: Baron Szymon , Ahearne Eamonn
Published: February 2017

An ageing population, increased physical activity and obesity are identified as lifestyle changes that are contributing to the ongoing growth in the use of in-vivo prosthetics for total hip and knee arthroplasty. Cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloys, due to their mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility, qualify as a class of materials that meet the stringent functional requirements of these devices. To cost effectively assure the required dimensional and geometric tolerances, manufacturers rely on high-precision machining. However, a comprehensive literature review has shown that there has been limited research into the fundamental mechanisms in mechanical cutting of these alloys. This article reports on the determination of the basic cutting-force coefficients in orthogonal cutting of medical grade Co-Cr-Mo alloy ASTM F1537 over an extended range of cutting speeds ([Formula: see text]) and levels of undeformed chip thickness ([Formula: see text]). A detailed characterisation of the segmented chip morphology over this range is also reported, allowing for an estimation of the shear plane angle and, overall, providing a basis for macro-mechanic modelling of more complex cutting processes. The results are compared with a baseline medical grade titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V ASTM F136, and it is shown that the tangential and thrust-force components generated were, respectively, ≈35% and ≈84% higher, depending primarily on undeformed chip thickness but with some influence of the cutting speed.
Quality of Life Among Senior Citizens in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Nidup , Dunne Michael P. , Seib Charrlotte , Deb Sibnath
Published: February 2017

This study explored associations between quality of life (QOL), spirituality, social integration, chronic diseases, and lifetime adversity among people aged 60 years and older in Bhutan. Adults aged 60 to 101 years (n = 337) completed face-to-face interviews. The main measure included the World Health Organization QOL questionnaire and Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire. The social relationships domain of QOL had the highest mean. Frequent back pain, memory decline, depression, mobility impairment, insomnia, and lung diseases were commonly reported and negatively related to QOL. Compared with women, men reported fewer physical and mental health problems and better QOL. Multivariate analysis revealed that cumulative health problems, psychological distress, and social connectedness contributed significantly to overall QOL. The measure of spirituality was negatively associated with QOL, which is not conclusive and suggests the need for more research especially when the influence of spiritualism is highly visible in the everyday lives of Bhutanese people. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to care for elderly people in Bhutan.
Omaha Terminologies
Authors: Schlee Günther
Published: February 2017

Omaha kinship terminologies are distributed globally to the north and south of the belt of ancient “high cultures” which stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to East and Southeast Asia in the Old World and includes parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes in the New World. This article offers an explanation for this curious distribution of Omaha terminologies. In so doing, it reviews examples of Omaha terminologies in Central Asia and on the Horn of Africa, noting their defining characteristics and those other aspects of social organization with which they are associated. In conclusion, it is suggested that a continuum of lineage-based systems, including systems with Omaha terminologies, was split into two areas of concentration, one to the north and the other to the south, as ancient “high cultures,” based on intensive agricultural production, arose among them, reverting, in the process, to terminological systems with a cognatic bias like those of the Eskimo type that are associated with urbanization and statehood.
Neurocognitive Function Is Associated With Serum Iron Status in Early Adolescents
Authors: Ji Xiaopeng , Cui Naixue , Liu Jianghong
Published: February 2017

Objective:

The association between iron and neurocognition remains underexplored in adolescents, and the neurocognitive effects of low and high iron levels have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of low and high iron levels with neurocognitive domains in early adolescents.

Method:

The sample comprised 428 adolescents (12.0 ± 0.4 years) from Jintan, China. Serum iron concentrations were analyzed from venous blood samples and classified into low, normal, and high levels according to the clinical reference range 75–175 μg/dl. Neurocognition was measured by the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery and Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Generalized linear regression was used to analyze relationships.

Results:

Prevalence rates of iron deficiency, normal iron, and high iron were 13.8%, 76.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Compared with normal levels, iron deficiency was associated with slower performance in tasks that measured abstraction and mental flexibility (β = 107.5, p = .03) and spatial processing ability (β = 917.2, p = .04). High serum iron was associated with less accuracy in the spatial processing ability task (β = −2.2, p = .03) and a longer reaction time in the task assessing abstraction and mental flexibility (β = 702.8, p = .046) compared to normal levels.

Conclusion:

Both iron deficiency and high iron levels contribute to reduced neurocognitive performance in a domain-specific manner in early adolescents. The dual burden of iron under- and overnutrition should be incorporated into future interventions for improving brain development and cognitive function in adolescents, especially in a Chinese context.
Waiora and Cultural Identity: Water quality assessment using the Mauri Model
Authors: Morgan Te Kipa Kepa Brian
Published: February 2017

The New Zealand Government's Freshwater for a sustainable future (2004a) discussion paper raises the need for an effective process for the inclusion of Māori input on water management issues. Few processes have been developed specifically for Aotearoa/New Zealand.

In Aotearoa/New Zealand, for Māori communities, a more appropriate level of resource management decision making is at the hapū (sub-tribe) level and it is here that input from Māori communities affected by proposals under the Resource Management Act must be considered. Hapū have direct relationships to puna (springs), other water bodies and a geographic region that are reinforced in their pepeha (tribal sayings) and whakataukī (proverbs). Water bodies, such as streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands are key elements in the identity, whakapapa (genealogy) and mana (prestige) of the hapū. Water and all living things have their own mauri (life force or principle), which is important for a hapū to protect from degradation and damage. Therefore consultation and other forms of Māori involvement should incorporate representation of relevant hapū. Such a step would be consistent with the Treaty of Waitangi.

Mauri is the central concept that the Mauri Model uses to interpret hapū values in the context of contemporary development. The Mauri Model has a strong foundation in the traditional values of tangata whenua (people of the land) and also parallels the current policy direction being taken by central government in New Zealand. This enables a direct comparison between the results of conventional engineering analysis and results based on analysis of impacts on mauri within the Mauri Model.
Māori and Pasifika Indigenous Connections: Tensions and Possibilities
Authors: Mafile'o Tracie , Walsh-Tapiata Wheturangi
Published: February 2017

Drawing from our experiences of being Māori and Tongan community academics within an Aotearoa New Zealand context, we identify tensions and possibilities arising from Māori and Pasifika inter-indigenous collaborations. In contrast to indigenous discourse centred on the self-determination of indigenous peoples in relation to a colonial other, this paper focuses on the interrelationship of indigenous Māori and Pasifika peoples, systems and knowledge. Historical, genealogical and cultural connections are explored, recognising that these connections have, in part, been redefined within colonialism. It is proposed that examination of the Māori and Pasifika interrelationship is a prerequisite for indigenous research excellence in the Aotearoa New Zealand-Pacific region context. While it is important to maintain our distinctiveness and diversities, it is equally important to harness and build alliances based on our connectedness.