bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The loss surfaces of neural networks with general activation functions
Authors: Baskerville Nicholas P , Keating Jonathan P , Mezzadri Francesco , Najnudel Joseph
Published: June 2021

The loss surfaces of deep neural networks have been the subject of several studies, theoretical and experimental, over the last few years. One strand of work considers the complexity, in the sense of local optima, of high dimensional random functions with the aim of informing how local optimisation methods may perform in such complicated settings. Prior work of Choromanska et al (2015) established a direct link between the training loss surfaces of deep multi-layer perceptron networks and spherical multi-spin glass models under some very strong assumptions on the network and its data. In this work, we test the validity of this approach by removing the undesirable restriction to ReLU activation functions. In doing so, we chart a new path through the spin glass complexity calculations using supersymmetric methods in random matrix theory which may prove useful in other contexts. Our results shed new light on both the strengths and the weaknesses of spin glass models in this context.
Random walks on networks with preferential cumulative damage: generation of bias and aging
Authors: Eraso-Hernandez L K , Riascos A P , Michelitsch T M , Wang-Michelitsch J
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we explore the reduction of functionality in a complex system as a consequence of cumulative random damage and imperfect reparation, a phenomenon modeled as a dynamical process in networks. We analyze the global characteristics of the diffusive movement of random walkers on networks where the walkers hop considering the capacity of transport of each link. The links are susceptible to damage that generates bias and aging. We describe the algorithm for the generation of damage and the bias in the transport producing complex eigenvalues of the transition matrix that defines the random walker for different types of graphs, including regular, deterministic, and random networks. The evolution of the asymmetry of the transport is quantified with local information in the links and further with non-local information associated with the transport on a global scale, such as the matrix of the mean first passage times and the fractional Laplacian matrix. Our findings suggest that systems with greater complexity live longer.
Multilayer social reinforcement induces bistability on multiplex networks
Authors: Liu Longzhao , Wang Xin , Tang Shaoting , Zheng Hongwei , Zheng Zhiming
Published: June 2021

The social reinforcement mechanism, which characterizes the promoting effects when exposed to multiple sources in the social contagion process, is ubiquitous in information technology ecosystems and has aroused great attention in recent years. While the impacts of social reinforcement on single-layer networks are well documented, extension to multilayer networks is needed to study how reinforcement from different social circles influences the spreading dynamics. To this end, we incorporate multilayer social reinforcement into an ignorant–spreader–ignorant model on multiplex networks. Our theoretical analysis combines the pairwise method and mean-field theory and agrees well with large-scale simulations. Surprisingly, we find this complex social contagion mechanism triggers the emergence of bistability phenomena, where extinction and outbreak states coexist. In particular, the hysteresis loop of stationary prevalence occurs in this bistable region, explaining why the fight against the spread of rumors is protracted and difficult in modern society. Further, we show that the final state of bistable regions depends on the initial density of adopters, the critical value of which decreases as the contagion transmissibility or the multilayer reinforcement increases. In particular, we highlight two possible conditions for the outbreak of social contagion: to possess large contagion transmissibility, or to possess a large initial density of adopters with strong multilayer reinforcement. Our results unveil the non-negligible power of social reinforcement on multiplex networks, which sheds lights on designing efficient strategies in spreading behaviors such as marketing and promoting innovations.
Automatic clustering based approach for brain tumor extraction
Authors: Sahoo Akshya Kumar , Parida Priyadarsan
Published: June 2021

The brain cancer is a deadly disease affecting almost 1.7% of world’s population with top mortality rate. The basic cause of brain cancer is the abnormal growth of brain tissues in the early stage. Further, these tissues are converted into tumors. Early detection and exact location of brain tumor can assist for further therapies of brain. In this paper a computer vision-based approach is developed for exacting an exact location of the brain tumors from the MRI images. The method starts from skull stripping for removal of the outer portion of brain and segregate the white matter. Further communication with local agent (CLA) clustering technique is applied followed by morphological post processing methods for extraction of tumor regions from white matter regions of the brain. The method is tested on a publicly available MRI dataset. Quantitative and qualitative measures show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.64% as compared to others.
Volumetric Analysis of GTEM Cell for Wide Frequency Application
Authors: Pathak Hetal M , Shah Shweta N
Published: June 2021

In modern communication era, there are many electronic equipment all around us. The Electromagnetic Interference of other surround electronic equipment will enhance the level of noise to degrade the performance of System. In real life, this is necessary to test any equipment before it came to market. For Industrial as well as small scale for Domestic activity GTEM cell is designed for larger and smaller size of volume. Smaller volume GTEM is designed for 1-9.5 GHz while larger volume GTEM is designed for 9.5 to 18GHz frequency. As per the requirement of an EUT dimensions the cost effective and compact GTEM cell are Simulated and Analyzed.
Performance analysis of multiuser MIMO OFDM systems incorporating feedback delay and feedback error
Authors: Surya S , Kanthimathi M , Rajalakshmi B
Published: June 2021

In multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems the performance can be improved when full Channel State Information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. The characterization of downlink channel is estimated at the receiver and feedback to the transmitter. But the transmitter may acquire false information due to delay or errors in the feedback channel. The resulting channel capacity loss and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance are evaluated. The BER and the capacity of MIMO-OFDM systems are analyzed by varying the parameters of the system.
Simulation platform of a free-space optical network under multipath fading channel
Authors: Mallick B , Parida P , Palai G
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with channel modelling in free space optics (FSO) network using MATLAB 2017a. A detailed mathematical methodology to design an optical network is proposed under various small scales fading effects such as Rayleigh, and Rician fading which degrades the execution of a wireless channels. In the proposed work, the system is implemented at different sample rates, Various Doppler shifts through a flat fading channel. To modulate the data, Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation is used. The simulated effect of the fading channel of Rayleigh and Rician is contrasted in this paper.
Modified ML-kNN and Rank SVM for Multi-label Pattern Classification
Authors: Kassim Thanseeha , Shajee Mohan B S , Ahammed Muneer K V
Published: June 2021

To develop an efficient multi-label classifier is the main objective of this paper. In multi-label learning tasks such as classification, each example is associated with a set of labels, and the task is to predict the label set whose size is unknown apriory for each unseen example. In a realistic scenario each object or entity belongs to a multi-label category. Multi-Label k-Nearest Neighbor (ML-kNN), Rank-SVM (Ranking Support Vector Machine) are two popular techniques used for multi-label pattern classification. ML-kNN is a multi-label version of standard kNN and Rank SVM is a multi-label extension of standard SVM. The main aim of this work is to enhance the performance of these methods. Multi-label classifiers generally consider ranking loss, Hamming loss, one error, average precision and coverage as a performance metrics.
Hidden Markov Model energy conservation approach for continuous monitoring of vital signs in geriatric care applications
Authors: Pillai R R , Lohani R B
Published: June 2021

In the recent healthcare crisis engendered by the Covid19 pandemic, wireless body area networking devices have started to play a significant role in mitigating the health problems of the elderly. The energy conservation of the device during the temporary disconnection of the sensor node can play a vital role in the broader acceptance of this technology. Here, a probabilistic hidden Markov model (HMM) is used for energy conservation, a relatively less explored area of energy conservation approach within the field of wireless sensor networks. Since the vital signs of heart rate and blood pressure are highly correlated, the heart rate and blood pressure readings are taken for model development. The classification of normal and critical data is based on the probability of observation sequences in the particular model. The hidden states are estimated using the observation sequence and the HMM parameters during disconnection. Accuracy between 0.9 and 1.0 is obtained for different series. Dynamic threshold limits are included for more adaptability of the model for varying physiological conditions of the patients. The energy conservation possible using the model is discussed. This model presents a novel approach to energy conservation using HMM, which will help continuous home monitoring of vital parameters in geriatrics.
A Novel Loadless 6T-SRAM Cell with Isolated Read Port
Authors: Garg Vyom , Goel Vivek , Pandey Neeta
Published: June 2021

Conventional 6T SRAM cell parameters have degraded with scaling to newer technologies and reduced power supply voltages. This has led to numerous tradeoffs with respect to cell stability, performance, power, and area. In this paper, a novel Dual Port SRAM design has been introduced that aims at improving the read and write ability of the standard 6T SRAM cell. The simulations for the proposed structure have been performed on HSpice using PTM 32nm Technology node. The comparison of results with the standard cell showed an increase of 84.76% in read margins and 40.81% in the write stability. Also, the proposed design was found to be capable of writing at high frequencies as the minimum pulse width of WWL for a successful write operation was determined to be 25ps. Further, the design also improves in the areas of WTV, SVNM, WTP, SPNM
Development of Altera NIOS II Soft-core system to predict total Hemoglobin using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Pinto C F , Parab J S , Sequeira M D , Naik G M
Published: June 2021

In Today’s world, Hemoglobin is measured using an invasive method. This method leads to delayed diagnosis, painful experiences for patients, and a lot of biomedical waste. To overcome these problems, an Altera NIOS II soft-core based system was built to monitor hemoglobin non-invasively. The heart of the system is NIOS II soft-core processor which was configured on the DE0 Nano FPGA board having Cyclone IV EP4CE22F17C6N. This system also has a finger probe which consists of five LED sources (670 nm, 770 nm, 810nm, 850nm and 950nm) and a photodetector (OPT101) to acquire the signal using photoplethysmography (PPG). The incoming real-time PPG signal is recorded at five different wavelengths for fifteen individual subjects. Before applying Multivariate Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), mathematical empirical formulas was used to predict hemoglobin which gave Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.442 g/dL and the prediction accuracy of 97.05%. To further improve the system accuracy, the PLSR model was implemented on the NIOS II soft-core system. With this, the hemoglobin was predicted with an accuracy of 98.98% and a RMSE of 0.179 g/dL. The designed system was validated with Bland-Altman analysis which shows good agreement between predicted and reference hemoglobin
Miniaturised UWB MIMO antenna with improved isolation and band notch capability at 5.5 GHz
Authors: Manage Prabhakar , Naik Udaykumar , Rayar Vijay , Rudrappa Gujanatti , Kareemulla Shaik
Published: June 2021

A two-element planar UWB-MIMO monopole antenna is proposed utilising complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) slot to obtain high isolation and notch at 5.5 GHz. The UWB-MIMO system comprises of two identical monopole antennas designed to achieve miniaturized size of 18 x 30 mm2. A T-shaped parasitic stub is employed to attain superior isolation among the antenna elements. CSRR slot is etched to achieve notch in WLAN range at 5.5GHz and additionally to improve impedance matching a rectangular slot was inducted on the radiators. The projected design hovers over the range 3.3GHz-14.64 GHz and attained high isolation of ≤-20 dB for 3.3 GHz-12.4 GHz and-16dB for rest of the band. The antenna system is simulated and fabricated to analyze the performance in terms of reflection coefficient and radiation pattern. The outcome testifies that the proposed design is a vastly miniaturized structure with all the capabilities of being a appropriate candidate for UWB-MIMO systems.
CpG islands identification in DNA sequences using modified P-spectrum based algorithm
Authors: Garg P , Sharma S D
Published: June 2021

The identification of CpG Islands play a major role in the analysis of DNA sequences because of association of CpG Islands with many epigenetic events. Some of these events are promoter activity and consequently gene prediction, chromosome inactivation, and for early detection of cancer etc. And hence the exact identification of CpG Islands in the stretch of DNA sequences has always remained a challenging task. Numerous computational algorithms have been developed for the identification of CpG Islands in DNA sequences. Recently various transform based methods have been reported for the CpG Islands detection in literature. In these transform based methods, there is a requirement of transforming the signal from time domain to frequency domain and correspondingly there is probability of transform biasing. Hence to overcome this issue, a modified P-spectrum based algorithm has been proposed in this paper. Also the performance of the proposed method has been compared with recently reported methods of CpG Islands detection using standard evaluation metrics. The performance of proposed method has been proved to be much better than the other methods and hence the proposed approach is an efficient method in detecting CpG Islands.
Design and Development of Quasi Digital Sensor Based Spirometer
Authors: Sanga Ramesh , Mittal Ateeksha , Samane Nagesh , Sivaramakrishna M , Prabhakara Rao G
Published: June 2021

The lack of cost-effective diagnostic devices like spirometer is becoming a prevalent challenge to the diagnosis and effective management of life-threatening respiratory diseases. This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of differential pressure sensing quasi digital sensor and instrument for spirometer application. A system which fulfills the medical standard specifications has been designed and developed by exploiting the venturi tube (Bernoulli’s principle) and quasi digital sensor principles. A low power microcontroller (PIC24F) based embedded system, venturi tube based quasi digital sensor, data acquisition software, and user interface were developed. A lab made prototype device has been constructed, tested, and subsequently analyzed the recorded data from the computer. This cost effective ($150) spirometer model can be used for detection of pulmonary diseases rural area and it is going to add a new dimension to the diagnosis of many lung diseases.
Design of Vedic multiplierbased FIR filter for signal processing applications
Authors: Pasuluri Bindu Swetha , Kishor Sonti V.J.K.
Published: June 2021

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) devices are becoming increasingly important with the introduction of multiple signal processing techniques. Vedic Multiplier is one of the most common applications for high-speed DSP deployment. This paper constitutes a significant development in the design of the FIR filter architecture based on the modified Nikhalam Sutra Vedic multiplier. In addition, the Kongestone adder is used to increase speed performance. Using Xilinx FPGA Spartan 6 with Xilinx ISE, the modified architecture of FIR filter has been simulated and synthesized for achieving optimized results. The simulation results of the proposed FIR filter architecture illustrate that it operates at least 20 percent faster than traditional multiplier-based FIR filters
Cross-spectral Gender Classification Using Multi-spectral Face Imaging
Authors: Vetrekar Narayan , Naik Aparajita , Gad R. S.
Published: June 2021

Soft biometrics has been gaining significant attention in biometrics literature for usage in recognition system. Gender classification is one such soft biometric traits that has been studied extensively using visible spectrum range and limited studies beyond visible spectrum. In this paper we present the cross-spectral gender classification using Multi-spectral imaging. We present this study using the facial images captured in nine narrow spectral bands ranging from 530nm to 1000nm. Further, we present an extensive benchmark evaluation based on state-of-the art linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for facial discriminative features in the cross spectral data in a robust manner. The extensive evaluation results based on 10 fold cross-validation indicates the highest average classification accuracy of 92.84% for cross-spectral study.
Sum-Rate Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-User Millimeter Wave Communications System
Authors: Sur Samarendra Nath , Singh Arun Kumar , Kandar Debdatta , Bera Rabindranath
Published: June 2021

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is emerging as one of the potential solutions for the future generation communication system. By exploiting a controllable large number of passive elements, IRS is envisioned to provide a high spectral and energy-efficient network. For successful implementation of IRS, it is required to have optimization at a different level and here, this paper analyzed the sum-rate performance of a IRS assisted multi-user(MU) millimeter wave(mmWave) system by exploiting the joint optimization of the active and passive beamforming. Here in this paper, we have considered zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error(MMSE) based linear precoder. Through the simulation, we have demonstrated the achievable gain due to optimization, and also a relative performance comparison between the precoders is also presented.
Implementation of ANN Trained Voltage Control Scheme for Grid Islanded DG System
Authors: Srinivas Chodagam , Balarama Krishna Rao Y V , Saravanan S , Karunanithi K , Rushi Santhosh Singh T
Published: June 2021

Distributed generation plays a significant role in power generation, but the standalone system has some limitations like excess power generation and sudden increment in load. Grid interconnected DG system mitigates all this type of problems but some different questions arise in this interconnection. How to synchronize the DG system with the grid? If any change in voltage or frequency they lead to disconnect the grid from DG system. But due to sudden loose of grid supply, the phase angle is changed in filter terminal voltage and leads same change in load voltage because when the grid is connected the load receives power from both DG and grid. In grid-connected system current controller is generally used, to maintain the constant current in load side, so in islanding conditions, the voltage profile will get damage and power factor is also dropped. This paper proposes a strategy of two controllers for both grid-connected and intentional islanding modes. PI controller based constant current regulator for grid-connected mode, while ANN based VC controller for intentional islanding mode. These two controllers are operated according to changes occurred at Point of Common Coupling (PCC).
Implementation of Chaotic PWM method for Four phase Interleaved Boost Converter
Authors: Seyezhai R. , Tamilarasi M.
Published: June 2021

Fuel cell is a rapidly developing electrical source, among the several types of renewable energy sources. The fundamental point of this paper is to implement chaotic PWM triggering Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) for fuel cell. In chaotic PWM method, chaotic carrier signal has been generated. Then, it is compared with the input signal and the modulated signal has been applied to the switching devices of IBC. The simulations are carried out to highlight the benefits of chaotic compared to conventional PWM method. The simulations are validated with appropriate prototype. The ripples are analyzed between conventional and chaotic PWM based IBC. The power loss values of each component in four phase IBC have been calculated and it is proved that the chaotic PWM has less switching loss with improved efficiency compared to conventional PWM method. Also, the energy factors are calculated for chaotic PWM method.
Transverse Forced Vibrations of the Plates, the Dissipative Properties of Which are Described Memory Functions
Authors: Kuldashov N U , Almuratov Sh N , Rayimov D G , Homidov F F , Jalolov F B
Published: June 2021

The fundamentals of theoretical methods for engineering calculations of bending vibrations of thin plates, the material of which has hereditary properties, are presented. The manifestation of the hereditary properties of the material of the plate under consideration at a given stress-strain state can be judged by the relaxation core of the material. The dependence of the creep and relaxation kernels on the time difference corresponds to the fact that the “memory” of the material about the force effect produced at a given moment is determined by the elapsed time interval. In particular, this means that if the force action on the elastic-viscous body is cyclic, then the deformation of the body will also be cyclic with some phase shift. A technique for solving forced vibrations of plates under the influence of harmonic loads is proposed. An exact solution to the problem of forced vibrations of a supported rectangular plate, whose dissipative properties are described by memory functions, is constructed.
Performance analysis of Parabolic Trough Collector using TRNSYS®-A case study in Indian coastal region
Authors: Krishna Y , Faizal M , Saidur R , Manihalla P P , Karinka S
Published: June 2021

A solar water heating system incorporating parabolic trough collector (PTC) with Phase change material (PCM) is simulated using TRNSYS® software. The simulation is carried out to predict the hot water availability during the peak hot water demands of the morning and evening hours. Lauric acid (LA) is used as the primary heat transfer fluid (HTF) to extract the sun’s energy in PTC whereas, water is used as the secondary heat transfer fluid to extract heat from the primary heat transfer fluid. The study models a medium temperature, concentrating parabolic trough collector without any solar tracking components. TRNSYS® simulation components have been studied completely using Type 1245 parabolic trough collector with Type 533 horizontal storage tank with heat exchangers, which fulfils daily hot water demands of domestic and industrial applications. The storage tank is vertically stratified to regulate the temperature of HTF coming out of the collector. The results showed that LA having a thermal conductivity of 0.975 KJ/hr-mK provides a peak energy gain of 18500 KJ/hr in February and 5000 KJ/hr in July along with a 100°C rise in temperature for the city of Mangalore, India. The weather condition of the city provides an average annual collector efficiency of 26%.
Autonomous mobile robot development based on duckietown platform for recognizing and following the traffic sign
Authors: Thiang  , Purwanto Glenn Ryan , Santoso Petrus , Khoswanto Handry
Published: June 2021

This paper presents development of an autonomous mobile robot which can recognize the traffic sign and move according to that recognized sign. The mobile robot was developed based on Duckietown platform, which is a research which focuses on self-driving vehicles. The mobile robot was equipped with a fish eye camera as its vision device and raspberry pi.3 controller module as the main controller for doing image processing in order to recognize the signs and controlling the movement of the robot. The program runs on ROS platform. The system has been tested by moving mobile robot through all area and the results showed average recognition rate of 80%. The system also has been tested in variation of light intensity and the result showed average recognition rate of 80%. Another test also was done by adding disturbance object which has similar or same color as sign color and the result showed average recognition rate of 43.3%.
Development of multilanguage voice control for smart home with IoT
Authors: Ruslan A H , Jusoh A Z , Asnawi Ani Liza , Othman MD R , Abdul Razak N I
Published: June 2021

Internet of Thing (IoT) is very common and demanding nowadays and home automation system is not left behind in this technology. Home automation is the concept of making any home “smart”. In this modern life, Automation is not a new thing. This technology has been using many years and normally can be seen in big companies. This automation concept can benefit our daily lives through many ways. However, the smart home technology in the market right now only support a few languages, generally English. For people who English is not their native language, it becomes a barrier in utilizing voice recognition installed in the smart home. Therefore this project will develop a Multilanguage IoT Home Automation System that focused on people who does not speak English especially elderly people in Malaysia to perform their chores routine such as turn on or turn off light by using voice commands given in their preferred language. Other than voice commands, it could be controlled wirelessly by using apps developed in the Smartphone. This system is based on Raspberry Pi and will be designed to be an affordable and reliable home automation system yet, easy to setup and use. The research focus on the methods of integrating voice recognition technology in many languages in home automation systems. This research can have a strong and positive impact to the society especially on persons with physical disabilities and older persons whom English is not their native language.
Care-giver alerting for bedridden patients using hand gesture recognition system
Authors: Spandana E , Rajasekar M , Sandhya N
Published: June 2021

Hand gestures are most intrinsic way of non-verbal communication. It has been difficult task for hospitals to remove the miscommunication between patients and the healthcare providers, when patients ask for help in emergency or in need. In healthcare centers like hospitals, some systems are having complicated device installation which are expensive and quite hard cumbersome. Human Computer Interaction plays a predominant role in Hand Gesture recognition (HCI). Human Computer Interaction made easy to communicate between human and machine which grabs good attention now a days. An alerting system makes a better alarm model which notifies care-givers when patients require assistance by giving defined hand gestures. The study is related to hand gesture based alerting system which uses camera module to capture the hand images. The system uses background subtraction, image recognition and speech conversion to notify the healthcare providers. It can be useful in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or assisted living areas, where health care providers can take care of their patients more attentively. With this alerting system it increases the operational efficiency, responsiveness, patient’s and other stakeholders’ satisfaction. For recognized hand gesture text and voice is obtained as output which alerts the care-giver to help the bed-ridden patients.
The Timoshenko Beam Theory based Spectral Finite Element to Analyse Effects of Shear Deformation on Electrostatically Actuated Narrow Thick Clamped Microbeams
Authors: Pakhare Kedar S , Punith P , Guruprasad P J , Shimpi Rameshchandra P
Published: June 2021

MEMSdevices utilize electrostatics as preferred actuation method. The accurate determination of pull-in instability parameters (i.e., the pull-in voltage and pull-in displacement) of such devices is critical for their correct design. In the literature, these devices have been majorly analyzed as Bernoulli-Euler microbeams. However, Dileesh et al. (doi: 10.1115/ESDA2012-82536) have studied the pull-in instability behavior of thin microcantilevers by developing a six-nodded Timoshenko beam theory based spectral finite element (TBT-SFE). They have demonstrated the effectiveness of theTBT-SFEby comparing their results with corresponding results ofCOMSOL-based three-dimensional finite element simulations. In addition, effects of shear deformation also start to play significant role as the beam’s slenderness decreases. In this paper, authors have developed theTBT-SFEbased on the work by Dileesh et al. for the case of statics. However, unlike Dileesh et al. where they have developed a six-noddedTBT-SFE, authors have investigated the best combination of number of nodes per element and total number of elements to carry out the proposed study. This finalizedTBT-SFEis then utilized to determine static pull-in instability parameters of narrow clamped microbeams with various beam thickness-to-length ratios. This study highlights the importance of transverse shear effects on pull-in instability parameters of Timoshenko microbeams.
Ground transmitted vibrations in course of innovative vinyl sheet piles driving
Authors: Golik V I , Kongar-Syuryun Ch B , Michałek A , Pires P , Rybak A
Published: June 2021

The article presents field experiences in dynamic monitoring of vinyl sheet pile installation in close vicinity to various buildings. I summarizes experiences gained by student trainees in course of practical excursions and assignments on the building site. The presented case study is somehow unique due to unusual material and technology. Vinyl sheet piles used for the study are lightweight and extremely durable alternative to the traditional materials such as steel, concrete or wood. Application of vinyl sheet piles is an environmentally friendly solution, however, their installation is usually performed by means of vibratory driving. The paper presents basic advantaged of technology, examples of applications and sheet pile wall installing procedures. Result of continuous dynamic monitoring of piling works and observations of neighbouring structures technical conditions are presented, discussed with regard to other (formerly published) results and form the basis for conclusions about presented technology applicability.
Experimental investigations on effect of surface treatment of aluminum based metal matrix composites using laser
Authors: Sankhla Arvind , Patel Kaushik M
Published: June 2021

Laser sintering is one of the most widely used methods for fabricating advanced materials such as metal matrix composites (MMC). It offers a great deal of flexibilities to deal with complex shapes. Laser sintering is also a critical method to deal with constituents of metal matrix composites with higher melting point and hardness. In the present work, an attempt is made to present an experimental study wherein Al-MMC is fabricated first with the powder metallurgy route. Then surfaces of MMC are treated with laser. The effect of laser treatment on hardness and wear property is investigated. The treatment of laser on the surface of MMC resulted in increased hardness as compared to untreated MMC, and the wear resistance is found better along with the increased percentage of reinforcement particles. The work also presents a study on the application of laser to process Metal Metric Composite. It gives an idea of different associated process parameters like laser power, scanning speed, and their effect on MMC.
Modelling the electromechanical sensitivity of silicone composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Manohar Shankar B.S. , Kulkarni S.M.
Published: June 2021

Dielectric elastomers are used for sensor and actuator applications. These materials convert voltage applied directly into strain through Maxwell stress. An important parameter in the determination of voltage induced strains is electromechanical sensitivity. This paper presents an approach to establish the model for predicting the electromechanical sensitivity of silicone dielectric elastomer composites using the response surface methodology. Two-factor and two-level, face-cantered composite design is used for experimentation. The parameters which affect the electromechanical sensitivity are selected as superconducting carbon black (SCCB) and barium titanate (BT). Response surface methodology is used to derive second-order quadratic model with interactions. Investigation showed that SCCB has more significant effect than parameter BT, on controlling the electromechanical sensitivity of these composites. Maximum electromechanical sensitivity for these composites was found at around ≤ 4 parts per hundred weight fractions for both the parameters.
Trajectory planning of a 5 DOF feeding serial manipulator using 6th order polynomial method
Authors: Parikh P A , Trivedi R R , Joshi K D
Published: June 2021

In the present era the importance of household and assistive robots has been increasing. Usually assistive robots are serial manipulators having degree of freedom more than three. In this paper a case of vertically downward 5 DOF assistive robots is taken, which helps physically challenged people in feeding. This paper delivers the methodology to build the smooth trajectory for multi-degree of freedom robot using higher degree polynomials method. An optimal trajectory decreases jerk to the end-effector (As end-effector carries food) protects battery life, protects joints from the mechanical vibrations and reduces time to reach at the user. This paper also discusses the forward and inverse kinematic analysis of a T-R-R-R-R type robot, as it is highly recommended before trajectory planning. The paper also compares the trajectories generated by inverse kinematics (Cartesian Scheme) and Joint space scheme. In a nut shell this methodology will be helpful in designing the trajectories of assistive T-R-R-R-R type robots for physically challenged people like Parkinson patients, patients with vertigo or vestibular disorder, neurological disorder and many more.
Analysing the effect of mechanical properties of various proportions of filler material on jute fibre/epoxy reinforced composites
Authors: Senthilnathan K. , Ravi Rajesh , Stephen Leon J. , Suresh G. , Manikandan K. , Lavanya R.
Published: June 2021

In the earlier stage of 1500 BC’S composites were invented. The initial stage of composites was created with the help of mixing the mud and straw for construction purpose, in order to build strong and durable component in the view, to ensure the longer life on the products. After some years, the usage of composite materials is become more, depends on different applications such as appliances, construction, electrical distribution, energy and marine usages and so on. Since the past few decades’ natural fibres plays a vital role in structural applications such as ease of fabrication, low cost, high durability, and for low thermal properties. In the present experimental investigation work, jute fiber has been chosen as the reinforcement agent along with the epoxy matrix material. With help of the hand layup technique the composites have been fabricated along with the standard ratio of (3% & 6%) calcium carbonate as the filler material. The fabricated jute fiber reinforced epoxy matrix (standard ratio of calcium carbonate filler) laminate were cut as per the ASTM standards to do the tests like tensile, flexural & impact, in order to completely analyse the physical strengths of the laminate, and the same data’s were compared with filler materials and without filler material. At last the fractured surfaces were thoroughly investigated with help of scanning electron microscope to understand the morphological behaviour of the fabricated composite.
Evaluation of improvement in performance of FRP composite by using Al (OH3) as secondary reinforcement
Authors: Meenakshi C.M. , Ravi Rajesh , Stephen Leon J. , Selvaraj M. , Manikandan K. , Suresh G. , Lavanya R.
Published: June 2021

Composites are the materials of this century, and it uses are predominately occupied in all areas, starts from kitchen utilities to aerospace sectors. Among different type of composite materials, the fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP) composite materials are the most used and accepted one. There are many researches undergoing to further improve the performance of these fiber reinforced polymeric composites. One of the proven methods for performance improvement is adding secondary reinforcement into the base matrix material. There are different types of secondary reinforcement like rice husk, MgCO3, Boron nitride powders, which are often used and their respective performance recorded by different researchers. In this work, laminate of size 300 X 300 mm with 3 mm thickness fabricated using hand layup method in which epoxy has been chosen as the base matrix material. The laminate consisting of 3 layers (Glass-Flax-Glass) with 2% wt of Al (OH3) as secondary reinforcement and compared with the mechanical properties without using secondary reinforcement. From the result we understood that the tensile strength and flexural strength of laminate is increased by the addition of secondary reinforcement.
Effect of cascara/testa natural fiber reinforced (epoxy based) hybrid composites
Authors: Mohamed Abbas S. , Manikandan R. , Suresh G. , Suberiya Begum S. , Selvi S.
Published: June 2021

In this investigation, cascara/testa has been chosen as the particulate reinforcement agent along with the E-Glass fiber support, upon the epoxy matrix material. To carry out the experimental analysis, the standard ratio of cascara, testa and combinations of both have been selected as the particulate reinforcement, as 10% weight ratio of each respectively. Moreover to completely exploit mechanical behaviourism of the fabricated composite, physical analysis like tensile, flexural, impact and water absorption tests have been conducted as per the ASTM standards. In the pretext of the analysis, the strain rate of the tensile and flexural analysis has shown the increase of 3.5% and 2.75% respectively. In the same way, the impact analysis has also shown the hike in the absorption value as 1.25%, 1.12%. Furthermore the obtained results have shown that, the addition of cascara/testa have considerably increases the strain value and impact resistance of the fabricated specimens in sizeable manner by compromising the water uptake behaviour. Out of all standard tests, the hybrid composites (combination of cascara and testa) have shown the good conformity with all set of remaining specimens.
Actual quantification of probabilities for selected bridge failure scenarios
Authors: Hildebrand Maciej
Published: June 2021

Considering risk analysis for civil structures, it is essential to determine the possible course of failure. There are numerous scenarios of different likelihood of occurrence. Several scenarios of the failure of bridge structures are proposed in the paper. Moreover a brief analysis of three failure scenarios for the stays of cable-stayed bridges is presented. The analysis applies to modern 21st century bridges built using state-of-the-art technologies. These are bridges with 60 ÷ 375 m long cable-stayed spans. As a result of the analysis, the probabilities of the occurrence of failure events were estimated. The considered scenarios should influence the layout of a structural monitoring system, if such system was proposed for the bridge.
Regional Atmospheric Radiation and Meteorological parameters in presence of Aerosol from CERES and MODIS: A Case Study of Observational Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Athira S , Pillai Sivasagar , Satapathy Jyotirmayee
Published: June 2021

This study focuses on the satellite observations from space-borne sensors and their usefulness in understanding atmospheric radiative changes in the presence of aerosol in a regional climate system. For this analysis, four years (2014–2017) of aerosol and flux products along with other meteorological parameters are used which are obtained from satellite remote sensing products. The radiative flux products available from Cloud and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) along with the products pertaining to atmosphere thermodynamics available from Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are included in this study. This study is an attempt to understand the possible effects of the presence of aerosol in perturbing the seasonal atmospheric dynamics and radiation budget, based on space borne observation systems. This study is aimed at atmospheric changes over Delhi, India, under different aerosol loading conditions. Significant changes have been observed in the atmospheric meteorological parameters and simultaneous modulation in radiation fluxes are perceived with the aerosol variation for 3 different seasons. The relationship between thermodynamic environment and its sensitivity in presence of aerosol has put forth a vital area for further studies. This analysis draws insight towards a merged hypothesis for the simultaneous roles of thermodynamics and aerosols in influencing the atmosphere dynamics and radiative effect modifying the energy budget and atmospheric processes on a local scale as well as a utility of space borne remote sensing in analysing environmental aspects.
Synthesis and optical properties of Er/Yb/Ag modified bismuth – tellurite based glasses
Authors: Jayaswal Y.K. , Patidar Sunil , Mahajan S.K. , Dhiman S.K. , Ansari Ghizal F.
Published: June 2021

The Er2O3-Yb2O3 codoped TeO2-Bi2O3-Na2O-Glasses along with addition of AgNO3 in basic compositions glasses have been prepared by traditional melt quench method. Investigation of the synthesized glasses is done by DSC, XRD, and UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature is observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amorphous nature of the synthesized glasses is confirmed by X-ray diffractogram taken at room temperature. The fluid displacement method on the basis of the Archimedes principle was used to calculated density of prepared samples. The UV-Visible absorption characterizations have been done in the range of 200–1100 nm of synthesized glasses having different percentage of doping of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3. The study of optical properties of the glasses such as the absorption coefficient (α), cut-off wavelength, forbidden energy band gap (Eopt), refractive index and Urbach Energy (Eu) have been done. The effect of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3 on optical properties is observed.
Investigate the fast melting process of 2D SiC model by molecular dynamics
Authors: Van On Vo , Nhi Nguyen Thị Thuy , Hung Nguyen Thanh
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the results of the study of fast melting process of 2-dimensional SiC by MD simulation with a sample of 400 atoms which consists of 200 Si atoms and 200 C atoms. The model is melted from 300K to 8000K at a rate of 1013 K/s. Investigation of energy dependence on temperature shows a jump of the average total energy of SiC model at temperature T = 5090K. Investigation of material microstructure by a radial distribution function, ring distribution, bonding angle distribution, even distribution number distribution showed that the phase transition temperature was about 5090K.
Dynamics of magnetic pulse compression circuit of metal vapor laser
Authors: Singh Dheeraj K , Dikshit B , Mukherjee Jaya , Rawat V S
Published: June 2021

Solid-state pulse power supply uses magnetic pulse compression circuit (MPC) to reduce the rise time of the voltage pulse applied across the Metal vapor Laser (MVL). In MPC, the nonlinear characteristics of ferromagnetic material is leveraged, to obtain large change in its inductance. These inductors get saturated during application of desired voltages and offer low impedance, which acts like a closed switch. It is desirable to fix the operating point in the B-H curve for smooth functioning of the switch, hence a current is applied to the magnetic switch to reposition the operating point on B-H curve from positive saturation flux to negative before appearance of next pulse. In MVL proper reset becomes extremely important because of small tolerance in the timing, for obtaining low jitter requirement.

At low repetition rate, resetting of magnetic switch is easy as the oscillation in L-C circuit in MPC dies out before the next pulse. However, as the repetition rate increases there is very little time for reset dynamics to take place before the next pulse. In this paper we are presenting detailed dynamics of 9 kHz pulse repetition rate MPC for MVL. B-H curve have been derived using voltage, current waveform and Jiles Atherton equation in simulation model. We have shown how MPC oscillation affects the B-H curve of the magnetic switch. An experimentally validated simulation model is developed for detailed analysis of dynamics of MPC and to observe other implications like effect of reset on jitter in output of MPC.
Theoretical modeling of Pd-SnO2 based ethanol gas sensor
Authors: Vishwakarma A. K. , Sharma A. K. , Yadav L.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we fabricate two devices, undoped tin oxide (UTO) and 1 wt% palladium-doped tin oxide (PdTO) thick films for ethanol (C2H5OH) gas sensors. UTO and PdTO samples were deposited on alumina substrate using screen-printing technology. The fabricated UTO and PdTO sample was used as ethanol gas sensor in range (0-5000 ppm) at operating temperature 473 K. The results showed the highest response (∼71%) for varying concentrations of ethanol (5000 ppm) at operating temperature 473 K. Also response/recovery time was observed and it was ∼41 s / 125 s. our experimental data was well supported by the proposed theoretical model.
Performance of an OWC device placed over stepped bottom in random waves environment
Authors: Trivedi Kshma , Koley Santanu
Published: June 2021

The performance of an OWC device placed over stepped bottom is analyzed in random waves environment. To model the random local wave climate, the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum along with two different sea states are considered. The effect of front wall draft, wall thickness, device chamber length and turbine damping coefficient on the efficiency of the device are discussed in details. It is observed that the local wave climate plays a vital role on the performance and efficiency of the OWC device along with the variation in device parameters.
Methods and models of calibration of vector network analyzers
Authors: Khayrullin RZ
Published: June 2021

Currently, measurement devices and instruments operating in the microwave range are widespread. Therefore, the problem arises of periodic checks, verifications and calibrations of such devices and instruments. The task of minimizing the systematic measurement error is a key task when performing verification of measuring instruments, measuring systems and devices operating in the microwave range using vector network analyzers. Various methods and models for performing calibrations of a vector network analyzer for determining the scattering parameters of passive microwave devices are described. The analysis of calibration methods is carried out, recommendations for its applications are given.