bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic parameters and weight change in HIV patients newly switched to dolutegravir‐based regimens in SIMPL'HIV clinical trial
Authors: Courlet Perrine , Barbieux Charlotte , Sculier Delphine , Wandeler Gilles , Stoeckle Marcel , Bernasconi Enos , Braun Dominique , Vernazza Pietro , Cavassini Matthias , Marinosci Annalisa , Smit Mikaela , Günthard Huldrych F. , Schmid Patrick , Limacher Andreas , Guidi Monia , Alves Saldanha Susana , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Calmy Alexandra
Published: March 2021

This study aims to evaluate the association between dolutegravir (DTG) pharmacokinetic parameters and weight changes in treatment‐experienced people with HIV (PWHIV) from the Simpl'HIV study newly switched to a dual DTG‐based regimen. We used multivariable linear regressions to evaluate the association between DTG pharmacokinetic parameters at week 48 (derived using an established model) and weight change between week 0 and week 48. We adjusted our model for potential confounders including CD4 nadir, female sex, African origin, age, weight at week 0 and presence of a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based regimen before switch to DTG. The analysis included data from 39 PWHIV. An average significant weight gain of 2.4 kg was observed between baseline and week 48. DTG plasma exposure was not significantly associated with weight gain, even after adjusting for potential confounders (P = .9). We found no significant association between DTG pharmacokinetic parameters and weight gain amongst PWHIV newly switched to a DTG‐based dual regimen.
Elevation of propofol sensitivity of cardiac IKs channel by KCNE1 polymorphism D85N
Authors: Kojima Akiko , Mi Xinya , Fukushima Yutaka , Ding Wei‐Guang , Omatsu‐Kanbe Mariko , Matsuura Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose

The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel (IKs), composed of pore‐forming KCNQ1 α‐subunits and ancillary KCNE1 β‐subunits, regulates ventricular repolarization in human heart. Propofol, at clinically used concentrations, modestly inhibits the intact (wild‐type) IKs channels and is therefore unlikely to appreciably prolong QT interval in ECG during anaesthesia. However, little information is available concerning the inhibitory effect of propofol on IKs channel associated with its gene variants implicated in QT prolongation. The KCNE1 single nucleotide polymorphism leading to D85N is associated with drug‐induced QT prolongation and therefore regarded as a clinically important genetic variant. This study examined whether KCNE1‐D85N affects the sensitivity of IKs to inhibition by propofol.

Experimental Approach

Whole‐cell patch‐clamp and immunostaining experiments were conducted in HEK293 cells and/or mouse cardiomyocyte‐derived HL‐1 cells, transfected with wild‐type KCNQ1, wild‐type or variant KCNE1 cDNAs.

Key Results

Propofol inhibited KCNQ1/KCNE1‐D85N current more potently than KCNQ1/KCNE1 current in HEK293 cells and HL‐1 cells. Immunostaining experiments in HEK293 cells revealed that pretreatment with propofol (10 μM) did not appreciably affect cell membrane expression of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 proteins in KCNQ1/KCNE1 and KCNQ1/KCNE1‐D85N channels.

Conclusion and Implications

The KCNE1 polymorphism D85N significantly elevates the sensitivity of IKs to inhibition by propofol. This study detects a functionally important role of KCNE1‐D85N polymorphism in conferring genetic susceptibility to propofol‐induced QT prolongation and further suggests the possibility that the inhibitory action of anaesthetics on ionic currents becomes exaggerated in patients carrying variants in genes encoding ion channels.
Assessing the need of young people using online counselling services: how useful are standardised measures?
Authors: Mindel Charlotte , Oppong Crystal , Rothwell Emily , Sefi Aaron , Jacob Jenna
Published: March 2021

Background

Clinical assessments for children and young people entering a mental health service help to identify the prevalence of need within that population, support intervention recommendations, and enable service evaluation. Evidence related to the use of standardised measures in an ever‐expanding online environment, for the purpose of identifying need, is limited.

Methods

This study explores the reliability of using a standardised measure to detect clinical need in an online therapeutic environment, and the measures assessed are as follows: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Young Person’s CORE (YP‐CORE) and the Short Warwick and Edinburgh Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). A deep‐dive approach is used to inform practitioner assessment of young people, followed by a Weighted Cohen’s Kappa (Κw) to measure the interrater reliability between this and the individuals’ self‐rated outcome. Composite case studies represent the complexities of presentation among the sample population.

Results

The interrater reliability between self‐rated and practitioner rated assessment varied between Κw = .222 and Κw = 0.446 depending on the measure. High levels of need and low levels of well‐being were found among the sample (YP‐CORE Avg. = 26.9, SDQ Avg. = 19.56, SWEMWBS Avg. = 18.1).

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate a fair to moderate reliability when assessing concordance between service users and practitioners, which suggests standardised measures are a reliable indicator of need. Higher levels of need were present than those seen previously in general or face‐to‐face clinical populations, which suggests using such measures in an online therapeutic environment influences the way in which assessments are responded to.
Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and digital self‐harm among adolescents
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Meldrum Ryan C. , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B.
Published: March 2021

Background

This study examines the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and engagement in a novel cyber behavior, digital self‐harm, among adolescents.

Method

Logistic regression analyses were conducted using cross‐sectional data from the 2019 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 9,819; 48% male; avg. grade level = 9th grade [SD = 1.9]) to analyze the association between sleep duration and digital self‐harm. A Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) analysis was used to assess whether depressive symptoms attenuate this association.

Results

Bivariate results indicated that longer sleep duration was associated with lower incidence of digital self‐harm. Multivariate results showed that sleep duration was inversely associated with engaging in digital self‐harm, net of all covariates. Depressive symptoms attenuated the influence of sleep duration on digital self‐harm by 50.72%.

Conclusions

Both insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms were associated with engagement in digital self‐harm among adolescents. Prospective research is needed, however, to confirm this pathway. Practitioners and clinicians should consider discussing digital self‐harm with adolescents and parents, especially if adolescents are experiencing poor sleep and depressive symptoms.
The influence of insertion torque values on the failure and complication rates of dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Baqain Zaid H. , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Ma Sunyoung , Almoselli Mohamed , Lin Lifeng , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M.
Published: March 2021

Background

The influence of using different insertion torque values on clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant therapy is unclear in the current literature. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the implant outcomes and complications rates using high insertion torque values compared with those using regular insertion torque value levels.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (NRCCTs), prospective and retrospective cohorts were searched for in electronic databases and complemented by hand searching relevant dental journals. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized and nonrandomized studies. Data were analyzed using a statistical software.

Results

A total of 718 studies were identified, of which, nine studies were included with 1229 dental implants in 684 participants. The meta‐analysis of RCTs showed that the overall implant failure rate was not notably in favor of any insertion torque value and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (risk ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.07–10.52; P = 0.90). None of the RCTs was registered. The secondary analyses of non‐RCTs did not either show any statistically significant difference. Overall meta‐analysis did not show any significant differences in peri‐implant marginal bone loss or biological/technical complications between high (≥50 Ncm) and regular insertion torque (<50 Ncm).

Conclusions

There is insufficient evidence to support the use of high or regular insertion torque even with immediate implant restoration/loading. The short‐term implant failure rates, changes in marginal bone level and complication rates were comparable when high or regular insertion torques were used for implant placement. The wide confidence interval indicated that results cannot be interpreted with clinically meaningful benefit for using either high or regular insertion torque.
The Canadian pork industry and COVID‐19: A year of resilience
Authors: McEwan Ken , Marchand Lynn , Shang Max Zongyuan
Published: March 2021

While COVID‐19 had the potential to be extremely disruptive to the Canadian pork supply chain, the sector showed resiliency by adjusting to market changes to ensure industry continuation. Unlike other non‐agricultural firms that were mandated to close at times, the pork sector was deemed an essential service and allowed to continue operating throughout the pandemic. Evidence of this resiliency is seen in three main ways. First, market access to the United States was maintained for both live pigs and pork exports. Second, Canada not only maintained market share in global pork exports, but it also actually increased shipments because of strong demand from China caused by African swine fever. Third, the challenges of processing plant closures and labour shortages were overcome in a variety of ways including increasing interprovincial shipments and increasing live pig exports to the United States. Pork consumption on a per capita basis continued the historical downward trend, and it is expected that consumers will return to their normal consumption patterns (e.g., dining at restaurants) despite job losses. At the meat processing level, it is anticipated that there will be an acceleration in the process to automate.
The presence of benzophenone in sunscreens and cosmetics containing the organic UV filter octocrylene: A laboratory study
Authors: Foubert Kenn , Dendooven Ella , Theunis Mart , Naessens Tania , Ivanova Boryana , Pieters Luc , Gilissen Liesbeth , Huygens Sara , De Borggraeve Wim , Lambert Julien , Goossens An , Aerts Olivier
Published: March 2021

Background

The reason why patients photosensitized to the drug ketoprofen (KP) may develop severe photoallergic skin reactions to octocrylene (OCT), an organic ultraviolet filter in sunscreens and cosmetics, remains largely unknown. OCT can be synthesized by using unsubstituted benzophenone (BP), a possible human carcinogen.

Objectives

To verify if, and to what extent, BP residues are present in OCT‐containing consumer products.

Methods

The raw material of OCT and 39 skincare products, of which 28 contain OCT, were chemically analysed for the presence of BP by means of liquid chromatography.

Results

In the OCT raw material and in all 28 OCT‐containing products the presence of BP could be demonstrated, mostly in concentrations above 10 ppm (0.001%), whereas a majority of OCT‐free products (8/11, 73%) did not contain BP. Moreover, BP concentrations significantly increased, in a time‐ and temperature‐dependent manner, likely due to the additional degradation of OCT.

Conclusions

Photoallergic contact dermatitis from OCT in patients photosensitized to KP might rely on residual BP impurities. Toxicological and ecological studies that evaluate the safety of OCT might also need to consider the concomitant presence of BP.
Corticospinal excitability and motor representation after long‐term resistance training
Authors: Maeo Sumiaki , Balshaw Thomas G. , Lanza Marcel B. , Hannah Ricci , Folland Jonathan P.
Published: March 2021

It is poorly understood how the central nervous system adapts to resistance training, especially after years of exposure. We compared corticospinal excitability and motor representation assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) between long‐term resistance trained (LRT, ≥3 years) versus untrained (UNT) males (n = 15/group). Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained from the biceps brachii during isometric elbow flexion. Stimulus‐response curves were created at the hotspot during 10% maximum voluntary torque (MVT) contractions. Maximum peak‐to‐peak MEP amplitude (MEPmax) was acquired with 100% stimulator output intensity, whilst 25%−100% MVT was produced. Maps were created during 10% MVT contractions, with an individualised TMS intensity eliciting 20% MEPmax at the hotspot. LRT had a 48% lower stimulus‐response curve slope than UNT (p < .05). LRT also had a 66% larger absolute map size, although TMS intensity used for mapping was greater in LRT versus UNT (48% vs. 26% above active motor threshold) to achieve a target 20% MEPmax at the hotspot, due to the lower slope of LRT. Map size was strongly correlated with the TMS intensity used for mapping (r = 0.776, p < .001). Once map size was normalised to TMS intensity, there was no difference between the groups (p = .683). We conclude that LRT had a lower stimulus‐response curve slope/excitability, suggesting higher neural efficiency. TMS map size was overwhelmingly determined by TMS intensity, even when the MEP response at the hotspot was matched among individuals, likely due to larger current spread with higher intensities. Motor representation appears similar between LRT and UNT given no difference in the normalised map size.
Closing wedge ostectomy and medial distal tibia plate application for treatment of severe bilateral angular limb deformities in the hindlimbs of an 8‐month‐old foal
Authors: Lindt B. , Fürst A. E. , Del Chicca F. , Malbon A. , Jackson M. A.
Published: March 2021

This case report describes the evaluation, surgical approach and outcome of an 8‐month‐old foal with severe angular limb deformities of both metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ). Radiography and computed tomography (CT) were used to diagnose a windswept deformity of the hindlimbs with associated bilateral physitis. The orthopaedic surgery was planned and rehearsed using three‐dimensional (3D) bone models. A bilateral closing wedge ostectomy was performed on the distal MtIII, and 3.5 mm LCP® medial distal tibia plates were used bilaterally for osteosynthesis. Even though convalescence was prolonged and complicated by partial unilateral implant failure and osteoarthritis (OA), reduction of the deformities was successful and resulted in a sound foal.
¡Qué Padre! Measuring Latino Fathers' Involvement with Infants
Authors: Molloy Sonia , Singley Daniel B. , Ingram Paul B. , Cole Brian P. , Dye Alyssa R.
Published: March 2021

Objective

The present study was designed to examine the psychometric properties and correlates of an existing measure of father involvement with infants, The Paternal Involvement with Infants scale (PIWIS), with Latino fathers.

Background

Fathers' involvement with their infants is associated with positive outcomes for family members. Father involvement is known to vary by child, familial, societal, and cultural factors, emphasizing the need for further research with specific populations of fathers, including Latino fathers.

Method

Addressing this need, we examined the psychometric properties of a multidimensional measurement of father involvement with infants, the Paternal Involvement with Infants Scale (PIWIS), with 203 Latino fathers of infants up to 12 months of age.

Results

Results support a five‐factor model validating the PIWIS as a measurement of father involvement with Latino fathers of infants. Findings revealed moderate to strong construct validity for the PIWIS and five subscales offering unique utility for Latino fathers. Variability between dimensions of father involvement and related constructs are discussed.

Conclusion

Taken together, these findings suggest that the PIWIS reflects a valid and reliable measure of Latino fathers' involvement with infants.

Implications

The PIWIS can be utilized to deepen our understanding of the interrelationships among well‐established aspects of fathers' involvement including mental health, partner support, familial support, and cultural factors.
Robust Data Worth Analysis with Surrogate Models
Authors: Gosses Moritz , Wöhling Thomas
Published: March 2021

Highly detailed physically based groundwater models are often applied to make predictions of system states under unknown forcing. The required analysis of uncertainty is often unfeasible due to the high computational demand. We combine two possible solution strategies: (1) the use of faster surrogate models; and (2) a robust data worth analysis combining quick first‐order second‐moment uncertainty quantification with null‐space Monte Carlo techniques to account for parametric uncertainty. A structurally and parametrically simplified model and a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) surrogate are investigated. Data worth estimations by both surrogates are compared against estimates by a complex MODFLOW benchmark model of an aquifer in New Zealand. Data worth is defined as the change in post‐calibration predictive uncertainty of groundwater head, river‐groundwater exchange flux, and drain flux data, compared to the calibrated model. It incorporates existing observations, potential new measurements of system states (“additional” data) as well as knowledge of model parameters (“parametric” data). The data worth analysis is extended to account for non‐uniqueness of model parameters by null‐space Monte Carlo sampling. Data worth estimates of the surrogates and the benchmark suggest good agreement for both surrogates in estimating worth of existing data. The structural simplification surrogate only partially reproduces the worth of “additional” data and is unable to estimate “parametric” data, while the POD model is in agreement with the complex benchmark for both “additional” and “parametric” data. The variance of the POD data worth estimates suggests the need to account for parameter non‐uniqueness, like presented here, for robust results.
Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on Hydrological Processes in a Fragile Watershed of South Asia
Authors: Garg Kaushal K. , Anantha K. H. , Venkataradha A. , Dixit Sreenath , Singh Ramesh , Ragab Ragab
Published: March 2021

Agricultural water management (AWM) interventions play an important role in ensuring sustainable food production and mitigating climate risks. This study was carried out in a watershed located in a low rainfall (400–600 mm) region of western India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated using surface runoff, soil loss, and reservoir storage levels, between the year 2000 and 2006. The investigation indicated that the various AWM interventions increased groundwater recharge from 30 mm/year to 80 mm/year and reduced surface runoff from 250 mm/year to 100 mm/year. The intervention structures were refilled two to three times during the monsoon season depending on rainfall intensity and duration. The interventions have the advantage of building a resilient system by enhancing groundwater availability even in dry years, stimulating crop intensification and protecting the landscape from severe erosion. The results indicate that soil erosion has been reduced by more than 75% compared to the nonintervention situation. Moreover, the AWM interventions led to the cultivation of 100–150 ha of fallow land with high‐value crops (horticulture, vegetables, and fodder). Household income increased by several folds compared to the nonintervention situation. The study showed about 50% reduction in downstream water availability, which could be a major concern. However, there are a number of ecosystem trade‐offs such as improved base flow to the stream and reduction in soil loss that should be considered. The study is of great importance to stakeholders to decide on the optimal design for AWM interventions to achieve sustainable development goals.
End‐stage renal disease is not yours, is not mine, is OURS: Exploring couples lived experiences through dyadic interviews
Authors: Sousa Helena , Ribeiro Oscar , Figueiredo Daniela
Published: March 2021

Introduction

As a psychosocial dyad, couples are greatly challenged by end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal replacement therapies are highly demanding and involve lifelong restrictions and readjustments that sometimes translate into profound changes in couples' routines. However, little is known about the experiences of these couples with this condition. This study examined the experiences of couples living with ESRD.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with a purposive sample. Semistructured dyadic interviews were conducted with 12 patients (65.1 ± 12.8 years old; eight males) undergoing in‐center hemodialysis for 18.6 (±13.3) months and their spouses (60.3 ± 11.2 years old; seven females). The interviews were digitally audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and submitted to thematic analysis by two independent researchers.

Findings

The findings from the dyadic perspective were conceptualized into two major themes: negative impacts (emotional distress, constraints on leisure and daily activities, impacts on couples' dynamics, and difficulties in meal planning) and unmet needs (educational, relational, financial, instrumental, and supportive needs).

Discussion

The findings suggested that ESRD has several negative impacts that are related to the reported unmet needs, which might difficult couples' psychosocial adjustment to the condition. Both partners may benefit from educational and supportive interventions that address their needs, targeting the couple as a unit. Recognizing ESRD as a family condition is crucial for the development of innovative family‐based interventions that can promote couples' healthy adjustment to the disease.
Low‐temperature synthesis of CrB nanoparticles and nanosheets by a solid‐state reaction
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Chen Zhe , Fang Weili , Xie Yongjie , Zhang Ciyang , Zhang Kailong , Yang Tinghai , Zhou Ziming , Mei Tao , Li Qianwen
Published: March 2021

Chromium boride (CrB) has been prepared by using the chromium trioxide (CrO3) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as starting materials in a stainless‐steel autoclave. The X‐ray powder diffraction pattern indicates that the as‐prepared product is orthorhombic phase CrB. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the product is composed of nanosheets and nanoparticles. In addition, the oxidation resistance of the as‐prepared CrB product has also been investigated.
Extrudate gluten‐free breakfast cereals from rice and corn flours with different amylose content: technological and sensory properties
Authors: Machado Pereira Aline , Schmiele Marcio , Dierings de Souza Estefania Júlia , Pio Ávila Bianca , Hirsch Ramos Adriano , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Arocha Gularte Marcia
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different amylose content and conditioning moisture on the technological and sensorial properties of extrudate gluten‐free breakfast cereals from rice and corn flours. Extrusion was applied to develop breakfast cereals from low‐, medium‐ and high‐amylose rice flours combined with corn flour (70:30 w/w), and different conditioning moisture (15% and 17%). When the conditioning moisture was 15%, the extrudates presented lower expansion, hardness and fracturability, when compared to 17% moisture. Extrudates obtained from the combination of rice and corn flours provided light and slightly yellow products, with low values of hardness and fracturability. The micrographs showed the presence of pores, air bubbles and an uneven surface. For industry application, the extrudate with low‐amylose rice flour and conditioning moisture of 15% is recommended due to greater expansion and less retrogradation, features that extend shelf life. This cereal was best accepted sensorially.
Functionalisation of rice bran assisted by ultrasonication and fermentation for the production of rice bran–lingonberry pulp‐based probiotic nutraceutical
Authors: Vaitkeviciene Ruta , Zadeike Daiva , Gaizauskaite Zydrune , Valentaviciute Kristina , Marksa Mindaugas , Mazdzieriene Ramute , Bartkiene Elena , Lele Vita , Juodeikiene Grazina , Jakstas Valdas
Published: March 2021

A probiotic nutraceutical based on functionalised rice bran (RB) supplemented with lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) pulp (LP) at various levels (10–50 g/100 g d.w.) was developed. Prior to immobilisation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cells, RB‐LP matrix was structured by ultrasound (US) (850 kHz; power 160 W) for 20 min at 40 °C. Xanthan gum and sodium alginate were used for the stabilisation of RB‐LP matrix. Survival and fermentative activity of the immobilised LAB cells was studied by monitoring pH, cell number, antimicrobial activity, lactic acid and acetic acid production. US treatment increased by 17.5% soluble dietary fibre (SDS) contents in RB but reduced on average by 49.9% hyperoside, quercetin, quercitrin and coumaric acid contents in LP material. RB substrate supplemented with LP (20–50 g/100 g d.w.) resulted in higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus for Lactobacillus brevis, and against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus for Pediococcus acidilactici. RB‐LP matrix stabilised with alginate–xanthan and alginate maintained 8.09–8.67 log CFU g−1 live cells of immobilised L. brevis after 7 weeks of storage at 4 °C. In the case of protection under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, RB‐LP gels with sodium alginate demonstrated the highest cell survival with 4.25 CFU g−1 viable cells remaining in the product and 5.23 log CFU g−1 live cells in the digestion medium.
Underlying cardiopulmonary conditions as a risk factor for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection among community‐dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years in Thailand: Findings from a two‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Praphasiri Prabda , Shrestha Manash , Patumanond Jayanton , Nakphook Sutthichai , Chawalchitiporn Sutthinan , Ditsungnoen Darunee , Dawood Fatimah S. , Mott Joshua A. , Prasert Kriengkrai
Published: March 2021

Background

Adults with cardiopulmonary conditions may be at increased risk of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, but it is not well‐established and few data are available from middle‐income countries.

Methods

Using data from a prospective cohort study of influenza vaccine effectiveness, we estimated and compared the incidences of influenza and RSV between community‐dwelling Thai adults aged ≥ 65 years with and without cardiopulmonary conditions. During May 2015‐May 2017, older adults in a rural province in Thailand were followed‐up with weekly surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI), defined broadly as new onset or worsening of cough with or without fever, and hospitalized ARI. When ill, nasal self‐swabs and/or nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusting for age, sex, current smoking, number of hospital visits, weekly influenza activity, and influenza vaccination.

Results

Overall, 3220 adults with a median age of 71 years (IQR 68‐76) were enrolled; 1324 (41.1%) were male; and 313 (9.7%) had ≥1 underlying cardiopulmonary condition, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (131; 41.2%) or asthma (73; 23.3%). Participants with cardiopulmonary conditions had higher incidences of ARI, influenza, and RSV than those without (Adjusted IRR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.64‐2.07; 1.86, 95% CI 1.07‐3.26; 2.04, 95% CI 1.11‐3.76, respectively).

Conclusion

Older adults in rural Thailand with cardiopulmonary conditions have increased rates of ARI, influenza, and RSV infections. Our findings support efforts to ensure this population has access to influenza vaccines and other respiratory illness prevention measures.
GDF11 prevents the formation of thoracic aortic dissection in mice: Promotion of contractile transition of aortic SMCs
Authors: Ren Kai , Li Buying , Liu Zhenhua , Xia Lin , Zhai Mengen , Wei Xufeng , Duan Weixun , Yu Shiqiang
Published: March 2021

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an aortic disease associated with dysregulated extracellular matrix composition and de‐differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily associated with cardiovascular diseases. The present study attempted to investigate the expression of GDF11 in TAD and its effects on aortic SMC phenotype transition. GDF11 level was found lower in the ascending thoracic aortas of TAD patients than healthy aortas. The mouse model of TAD was established by β‐aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) combined with angiotensin II (Ang II). The expression of GDF11 was also decreased in thoracic aortic tissues accompanied with increased inflammation, arteriectasis and elastin degradation in TAD mice. Administration of GDF11 mitigated these aortic lesions and improved the survival rate of mice. Exogenous GDF11 and adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV‐2)‐mediated GDF11 overexpression increased the expression of contractile proteins including ACTA2, SM22α and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and decreased synthetic markers including osteopontin and fibronectin 1 (FN1), indicating that GDF11 might inhibit SMC phenotype transition and maintain its contractile state. Moreover, GDF11 inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, 3, 9 in aortic SMCs. The canonical TGF‐β (Smad2/3) signalling was enhanced by GDF11, while its inhibition suppressed the inhibitory effects of GDF11 on SMC de‐differentiation and MMP production in vitro. Therefore, we demonstrate that GDF11 may contribute to TAD alleviation via inhibiting inflammation and MMP activity, and promoting the transition of aortic SMCs towards a contractile phenotype, which provides a therapeutic target for TAD.
Optimized composite microspheres containing insecticide and attractant for control of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol. (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Cheng Tai‐Ming , Li Yan‐Yan , Sun Fei , Su Zhi , Cao Dan‐Dan , Wei Jian‐Rong
Published: March 2021

Ammonium carbonate is used as an attractant for many fruit flies since it releases ammonia in humid atmospheres, which is attractive to them. For integrated pest management in the field, and as part of an ‘attract‐and‐kill’ strategy, it is necessary to prolong the release period of ammonia from the ammonium carbonate and combine it with an insecticide. To achieve this, we combined ammonium carbonate with spinosad in slow‐release microspheres. The microspheres were prepared using gelatin and polylactic acid as capsule materials. An orthogonal test was used to optimize the parameters needed for production. Particles produced using the optimal parameters were uniform in size (55.5 μm diameter), the spinosad encapsulation rate was 98.1%, the encapsulation concentration of ammonium carbonate was 2.6 mg/g, and they had a longer release period than when the components were not encapsulated. In a field experiment, rates of damage to sea buckthorn by Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol. (Diptera, Tephritidae) (RBO) were 16.05 ± 1.15% in the treatment subplots compared with 81.75 ± 1.50% in the control subplot; the mean number of RBO trapped per trap per day was 21.2 ± 6.3 (SE) in the treatment subplots and 130.8 ± 27.5 (SE) in the control subplot, respectively. Therefore, using composite microspheres has potential as an effective method for control of RBO.
Examination of exclusion criteria in total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation trials: influence on the application of evidence in day‐to‐day practice
Authors: Kittelson Andrew J. , Loyd Brian J. , Graber Jeremy , Himawan Michael A. , Waugh Dawn , Davenport Jacqueline , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Objective

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rehabilitation trials use exclusion criteria, which may limit their generalizability in practice. We investigated whether patients seen in routine practice who meet common exclusion criteria recover differently from TKA compared to research‐eligible patients. We hypothesized that research‐ineligible patients would demonstrate poorer average postoperative function and slower rate of functional recovery compared to research‐eligible patients.

Methods

Patient characteristics and exclusion criteria were extracted and summarized from trials included in the three most recent systematic reviews of TKA rehabilitation. Trial participant characteristics were compared to a clinical dataset of patient outcomes collected in routine TKA rehabilitation. Where possible, individual exclusion criterion from the trials were applied to the clinical dataset to determine “eligible” and “ineligible” groups for research participation. Postoperative functional outcomes including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were compared between “eligible” and “ineligible” groups using mixed effects models.

Results

2,528 participants from 27 trials were compared to 474 patients from the clinical dataset. Research participants were older, with lower Body Mass Index than patients in the clinical dataset. Many patients in the clinical dataset would be “ineligible” for research participation based upon common exclusion criteria from the trials. Differences were observed in average postoperative functioning between some “eligible” and “ineligible” groups in the clinical dataset. However, no differences were observed in functional recovery rate between groups, except for patients with diabetes whose TUG recovered more slowly than their “eligible” counterparts.

Conclusions

Many patients in the clinical dataset were “ineligible” for research participation based upon common TKA rehabilitation trial exclusion criteria. However, the postoperative recovery rate did not differ between “eligible” and “ineligible” groups based on individual exclusion criterion—except for individuals with diabetes. This suggests that both clinical and research populations may recover similarly from TKA.
The larval attachment organ of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus Gill, 1863 (Lepisosteiformes: Lepisosteidae)
Authors: Pinion Amanda K. , Siegel Dustin S. , Britz Ralf , Martínez‐García Rafael , Álvarez‐González Carlos A. , Conway Kevin W.
Published: March 2021

Larval attachment organs (LAOs) are unicellular or multicellular organs that allow larvae to adhere to a substrate before yolk‐sac absorption and the free‐swimming stage. This study documents the LAO of tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. It is shown that the LAO of A. tropicus is a super‐organ surrounded by a wall and containing at its centre many smaller multicellular organ units, each comprised of attachment and support cells. Attachment cells are secretory and house large vacuoles filled with a glycoprotein. At hatching, the super‐organ is well developed and occupies almost the entire anteroventral surface of the head. During subsequent development, the smaller individual units begin to regress, until at 6 days post‐hatching the super‐organ and its individual units are no longer visible.
Maternal adipose tissue to early preeclampsia risk detection: Is the time to maternal ultrasound beyond fetal evaluation?
Authors: Silva Rocha Alexandre Da , Rombaldi Bernardi Juliana , Matos Salete De , Cortés Kretzer Daniela , Carvalhal Schöffel Alice , Zubaran Goldani Marcelo , Azevedo Magalhães José Antônio De
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study aims to determine the predictive capacity of isolated maternal periumbilical and epigastric fat measurements during pregnancy to hypertensive outcomes.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted with pregnant women in any trimester and followed until delivery to identify the outcomes of interest, preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). The predictive capacity of fourth quartile measurements was compared with the first three quartiles of maternal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from the periumbilical site (periumbilical m‐SAT and m‐VAT) (n = 155) and maternal adipose tissue from the epigastric site (preperitoneal m‐SAT and m‐VAT) (n = 261). The predictive ability of prepregnant body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 for PE and GH was also assessed.

Results

Fourth quartiles for the periumbilical ultrasound measurements were m‐VAT 52.7 mm and m‐SAT 21.7 mm. Preperitoneal site presents fourth quartiles m‐VAT 15.2 mm and m‐SAT 18.6 mm. Both m‐VAT and m‐SAT maternal periumbilical and preperitoneal sites are unable to predict PE, with the utmost sensitivity attributed to the periumbilical site m‐SAT at 54%. The best PE predictor odds ratio (OR) found was the prepregnant BMI consistent with obesity, with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI 1.1–9.4), whereas the best OR to GH predictor was preperitoneal m‐SAT with 8.9 (95% CI 2.3–34.6).

Conclusion

PE pathogenic mechanisms related to maternal abdominal adipose tissue include differences in molecular, cytological, and tissue levels not detected by ultrasound in a quantified gray scale assessment. Periumbilical or epigastric m‐VAT use is not able to predict PE during pregnancy.
Recurrence pattern and prognostic factors for survival in cervical cancer with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Kilic Cigdem , Kimyon Comert Gunsu , Cakir Caner , Yuksel Dilek , Codal Bahadır , Kilic Fatih , Turkmen Osman , Karalok Alper , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Boran Nurettin , Turan Taner
Published: March 2021

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the recurrence pattern and oncological outcomes in cervical cancer (CC) patients with lymph node metastasis.

Methods

This study included 224 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage IB1‐IIIB CC patients with pathologically proven lymph node metastasis. Surgical intervention was grouped as hysterectomy performed/not performed. Adjuvant therapy decision was made by the tumor board. Radiotherapy was applied to all patients with lymph node metastasis.

Results

Only paraaortic lymph node metastasis was determined as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. Presence of paraaortic lymph node metastasis increased the risk of recurrence more than two times (odds ratio: 2.129; 95% confidence interval: 1.011–4.485; p = 0.047). An independent prognostic factor for death because of disease was age only. Risk of death was nearly doubled with younger age (odds ratio: 2.693; 95% confidence interval: 1.064–6.184; p = 0.037).

Conclusion

The most of recurrences were located at distant sites and multiple regions. Paraaortic lymph node metastasis was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence, in spite of that age was an independent predictor for risk of death in patients with early stage or locally advanced CC and also with surgically proven metastatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, the presence of the paraaortic lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with distant recurrence. Therefore, more appropriate and individualized therapy strategy focusing on intenser systemic chemotherapy options in addition to radiotherapy should be taken into consideration according to paraaortic lymph node metastasis and age.
How Country Reputation Differentials Influence Market Reaction to International Acquisitions
Authors: Li Chengguang , Shenkar Oded , Newburry William E. , Tang Yinuo
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the influence of country reputation differentials on market reaction to international acquisitions. Building on social identity theory, we argue that market reactions are more positive when the reputation of the acquirer’s country is better than that of the target’s, since a country’s reputation imprints on its firms due to social categorization. Thus, firms from countries with better reputations are perceived as having superior skills/capabilities and the reputation difference suggests that the acquirer is able to identify/exploit undervalued targets and leverage synergies. The influence of country reputation should be weaker when additional information on the merging firms is present, through news media reporting and analyst coverage of the merging firms as well as the acquirer’s prior acquisition track record, since market investors will rely less on country reputation. We find support for our hypotheses for a sample of 4,792 international acquisitions across 48 countries from 2009 to 2017.
Measuring the impact of systemic sclerosis on oral health‐related quality of life in a UK population
Authors: Abdouh Ismail , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano , Elgendy Nadia , Aboalshamat Khalid , Babkair Hamzah Ali , Ni Riordain Richeal
Published: March 2021

Background

The objective of the present study was to identify the impact of systemic sclerosis (SSc) upon oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of affected individuals resident in the UK.

Methods

A total of 100 patients and their partners or carers were invited to complete questionnaires regarding the impact of SSc on quality of life and psychological well‐being using valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measures (OHIP‐14, MHISS, OIDP, MDAS and HADS). A total of 50 patients with SSc and 18 partners or carers who acted as controls returned the completed questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed for comparisons of different variables.

Results

All the mean scores of OHIP‐14 (SSc [16.5 ± 12.4] Vs controls [6.06 ± 7.6, p = 0.001]) and MHISS components were significantly higher in patients than those of control group (SSc [21.26 ± 12] Vs controls [4.8 ± 7.3, p < 0.0001]). Majority of OIDP mean scores were significantly worse in patients compared with controls [SSc (10 ± 8.7) Vs controls (1.72 ± 3.4, p < 0.0001)]. The mean of total MDAS [SSc (11.7 ± 5.3) Vs controls (9.5 ± 4.4)] and HADS scores were higher in patients compared to controls (SSc depression [4.8 ± 3.3] and anxiety [6 ± 4.6] Vs controls [3.7 ± 3.1] [4.7 ± 3.9]).

Conclusions

Although the present study is limited by the low response rate and its cross‐sectional design, present results highlighted that systemic sclerosis has a negative impact on OHRQoL of the affected individuals; hence, the evaluation of associated psychological impact including anxiety and depression symptoms is needed to better understand, monitor and evaluate the disease comorbidity in patients with SSc.
Nurse‐perceived facilitators and barriers to palliative care in patients with kidney disease: A European Delphi survey
Authors: de Barbieri Ilaria , Strini Veronica , Noble Helen , Amatori Stefano , Sisti Davide
Published: March 2021

Background

The palliative care phenomenon is increasingly invested in all medicine and nursing fields, as care for people with kidney disease who do not wish to embark on dialysis: it encompasses a palliative approach to shared decision‐making. To deliver patient‐centred optimal care, nephrology healthcare staff should be knowledgeable about palliative care and the appropriate conservative management approach.

Objective

This paper aimed to explore, using a Delphi survey, the barriers and facilitators to palliative care in patients with kidney disease.

Design

An e‐Delphi technique with three questionnaire rounds was performed; statements were generated using Likert scales.

Participants and Measurements

A list of 80 statements related to palliative care in patients with kidney disease was divided into facilitators and barriers. Questionnaires were administered to 13 nephrology nurse experts in some European countries.

Results

Seven items were removed from the list of 80 statements after the first round of the Delphi study; eight items achieved a significant change of the mean between round two and three, whereas internal stability emerged in all the remaining items.

Conclusions

Specific training and education in palliative care emerged as a facilitator, as well as the role of spiritual and beliefs and the role of family and caregiver. The main barriers were represented by the differences in cultures, beliefs, and practices and by the lack of experience in the role of the staff in palliative care. These statements provide a platform for future research to improve palliative care practice in patients with kidney disease.
A review of the maternal iron and folic acid supplementation programme in Nepal: Achievements and challenges
Authors: Paudyal Naveen , Parajuli Kedar Raj , Garcia Larsen Vanessa , Adhikari Ramesh Kant , Devkota Madhu Dixit , Rijal Sanjay , Chitekwe Stanley , Torlesse Harriet
Published: March 2021

In the late 1990s, an estimated 75% of pregnant women in Nepal were anaemic. Although iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements were available free of charge, coverage among pregnant women was very low. In response, the Government of Nepal launched the Iron Intensification Programme (IIP) in 2003 to improve the coverage of IFA supplementation and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy, as well as promote the utilization of antenatal care. This review examined how the IIP programme contributed to Nepal's success in increasing the consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy. Nepal's cadre of Female Community Health Volunteers were engaged in the IIP to support the community‐based distribution of IFA supplements to pregnant women and complement IFA distribution through health facilities and outreach services. As a result, the country achieved a fourfold increase in the proportion of women who took IFA supplements during pregnancy between 2001 and 2016 (from 23% to 91%) and a 12‐fold increase in the proportion who took IFA supplements for at least 90 days during pregnancy (from 6% to 71%). The increase in coverage of IFA supplements accompanied an increase in the coverage of antenatal care during the same period. By 2016, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women decreased to 46%, highlighting the need to tackle other causes of anaemia and improve haemoglobin concentration before pregnancy, while maintaining the successful efforts to reach pregnant women with IFA supplements at the community level.
Efficiency of bilateral delegation in a mixed Cournot duopoly
Authors: Benassi Corrado , Chirco Alessandra , Colombo Caterina
Published: March 2021

We consider a bilateral delegation mixed duopoly with quantity setting, where the objective function of the public managers is based on strategic manipulation of a Generalized Welfare Function. We show that such manipulation, coupled with strategic delegation by the private firm, enables the government to enforce an efficient outcome at equilibrium. When the manipulation/delegation choices and their sequence are endogenized, public manipulation and private delegation are supported at equilibrium, with the government, as first mover, setting the weights of the Generalized Welfare Function at the most efficient level consistent with private firm retaining a manager. This ensures maximum welfare, as compared with all other organizational structures.