bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Pituitary Tumor and Use of Minidoppler to Avoid Carotid Artery Injury
Authors: Md Rahman M , Sarker MH , Md Haque R
Published: March 2021

Study objective: To learn how to avoid injury to the carotid artery during recurrent pituitary surgery. Design: Through transsphenoidal endonasal approach the steps of surgery with avoidance of complications were described in the video particularly the use of Minidoppler was to localise the carotids. Setting: Comfort Nursing Home, a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subject/Audience: Neurosurgeons/Residents. Intervention: Demonstration of transsphenoidal endonasal approach for recurrent pituitary tumor and use of Minidoppler to avoid carotid artery injury. Results: Avoidance of complications like intraoperative accidental injury to carotids where symptomatic tumor is small and inter carotid distance is less. Taking this into account, we created this video to demonstrate the important steps specifically to use Minidoppler to avoid a devastation like carotid artery injury. Conclusion: The steps of recurrent pituitary surgery through endonasal approach is well established. To evaluate the details of anatomical structures specifically the inter carotid distance prior to surgery will prevent the unwanted complications in recurrent pituitary surgery and with high resolution monitoring and use of Minidoppler, carotid arteries can be localised.
COVID-19 and Indian Agriculture
Authors: Thahaby N , Akand AH , Bhat AH , Hamdani SA , Maryam M
Published: March 2021

Marked as a dark swan occurrence and compared to the monetary scene of World War Two the flare-up of COVID-19 has detrimentally affected worldwide medical care frameworks with a gradually expanding influence on each part of human life. Despite all the measures taking into account proceeding with limitations on developments of individuals and vehicular traffic, concerns have been raised with respect to negative ramifications of COVID-19 pandemic on the farm economy. With an expanding populace, there is a relating ascend in food request in India. A post-COVID circumstance offers that one of a kind chance to repurpose the current food and farming strategies for a more beneficial population. India, being trade surplus on objects like rice, meat, milk objects, tea, plant objects, and so forth might also additionally take benefit of the fortunate breaks via way of means of sending out such objects with a strong agri-trades policy. Development of fare steady framework and coordination would require ventures and backing of the private division that will be in the drawn out interests of ranchers in boosting their income. This is for sure uplifting news in the COVID situation, accepting agribusiness can rehearse to a great extent unscathed. Designing rural arrangements, post-COVID situation, must incorporate these goals for a food frameworks change in India. The end of the lockdown won’t end the issues. The need of great importance is to amplify potential outcomes of agriculture, which has shown its utility and flexibility in attempting times.
STUDY OF THE PROBIOTIC STRAIN OF LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI ON PIGLETS IN THE POST-HARVEST PERIOD
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition ‒ a branch of the Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry ‒ VIZh named after academician L.K. Ernst, OVCHAROVA A.N. , SOFRONOVA O.V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition ‒ a branch of the Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry ‒ VIZh named after academician L.K. Ernst, POLYAKOVA L.L. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition ‒ a branch of the Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry ‒ VIZh named after academician L.K. Ernst, OSTRENKO K.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition ‒ a branch of the Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry ‒ VIZh named after academician L.K. Ernst
Published: March 2021

The article presents data on the study of the effectiveness of a probiotic based on two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri on the indicators of nonspecific resistance and productivity of weaned piglets. The normalization of the digestive tract microflora under the action of probiotics, manifested in an increase in the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, with a simultaneous decrease in the number of salmonella, as well as the stimulation of non-specific immunity, together led to an increase in the growth rate of piglets. At the end of the experiment, the live weight of piglets treated with Lactobacillus reuteri was 9.3% higher and the average daily gains were 15.8% higher than the control group. At the same time, feed costs per 1 kg of growth decreased by 13.6%. This allows the use of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus reuteri in the diet of piglets to increase non-specific resistance and growth indicators in the post-weaning period.
Thermodynamic simulation of oxidation process of the Moss-Mo3Si hypoeutectic alloy, doped with yttrium
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Larionov Alexey V. , Udoeva Ludmila Y. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chumarev Vladimir M. ,   Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

In order to study the effect of yttrium additives on the oxidation of molybdenum silicide alloys, thermodynamic modeling of the interaction in the Mo-Mo3Si-Y5Si3 system with dry and moist air was performed in the temperature range 25-2000 °C. To predict the composition of oxidation products and the sequence of the formation of phase components, the dependences on the temperature and consumption of oxidants – water vapor and oxygen of the air – are obtained. The calculations were performed using the HSC Chemistry 6.12 software, into the database of which the calculated missing thermochemical characteristics of Y2Si2O7, Y2SiO5 silicates and yttrium molybdates Y2Mo3O12, Y2MoO6 were entered. It is shown that, under equilibrium conditions, the oxidation process with dry and moist air proceeds almost equally, since the interaction of the components of the alloy with oxygen is thermodynamically preferable than with water vapor. According to the obtained thermodynamic models, the oxidation process of the Mo-5 wt. % Si alloy of the hypoeutectic composition doped with yttrium can be represented as a sequence of the following chemical transformations: firstly Mo and Y silicides oxidize forming Y2O3, SiO2 and metallic Mo, then molybdenum is oxidized to MoO2 and Y2O3 interacts with SiO2 with the formation of silicates Y2SiO5 and Y2Si2O7. As a result of the complete oxidation of the alloy, MoO3 and Y2Mo3O12 are added to the condensed product, and molybdenum oxide (MoO3)n vapor appears in the gas phase. Based on the results of a complete thermodynamic analysis, the possibility of the formation of silicates and yttrium molybdate during the oxidation of the hypoeutectic alloy Mo-5Si-3Y (wt. %) was established. This can increase its oxidation resistance due to the formation of a protective film limiting the diffusion of oxygen into the alloy, which, of course, requires experimental confirmation.
Nickel(III) containing layered double hydroxides with hydrotalcite structure
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Ryltsova Irina G. , Nestroinaia Olga V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Lebedeva Olga E. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: March 2021

Synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDH) was carried out by the method of coprecipitating of components from the solution at room temperature and variable pH, followed by aging at 98 °C for 2 days. During the synthesis the following compositions were specified: M2+6M3+1.5Ni3+0.5, where M2+ is Mg, Cu or Ca, M3+ is Al, Fe, or Co. In order to convert nickel cations to oxidation state +3, an oxidizing agent – sodium hypochlorite – was introduced into the reaction system. It is shown that the use of this method of synthesis allows to obtain layered double hydroxides containing aluminum and nickel or iron and nickel in the positions of triply charged cations in the structure of brucite-like layers. The formation of hydrotalcite-like structure was confirmed by XRD. The synthesized materials had morphology typical for layered double hydroxides. According to transmission electron microscopy, the samples consisted of aggregates of plate-like particles. The behavior during heat treatment was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. It was shown that the replacement of aluminum with iron cations in the structure of nickel-containing LDH led to a slight decrease in thermal stability of LDH. The thermal destruction of the obtained samples occured in two stages. The first stage, observed in the temperature range from 20 to 220 °C, included the loss of physically sorbed and crystalline water. In the second stage, when heated above 220 °C, simultaneous dehydroxylation of brucite-like layers and removal of carbonate anions from the interlayer space were observed, which resulted in the destruction of the layered structure. Heat treatment at 500 °C led to the transformation of layered double hydroxides into a mixture of corresponding oxides.
Synthesis and study of the properties of composite materials based on cellulose and chitosan containing various therapeutic agents. Part 1. The effect of drying and shelf life on the properties of chitosan composites
Authors:   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Vanyushenkova Anna A. , Dosadina Elina E. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Hanafina Anna A. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Ivanova Svetlana N. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kalenov Sergey V. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Markvichev Nikolay S. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Belov Alexey A. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: March 2021

One of the high-potential areas in the search for new medical materials was the study, creation and introduction into practice of materials based on chitosan (Ct). The unique complex of Ct properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity against the background of high biological and sorption activity, makes it possible to attribute this aminopolysaccharide to a tiny group of industrially available, environmentally safe polymers and, to potentially new biomaterials based on it, extremely suitable for medical use. Ct rapidly undergoes biodegradation under the action of enzymes of a living organism, without forming toxic substances. Therefore, it can become an excellent biodegradable protective material for the treatment of open wounds and burns. The enzyme-containing chitosan materials – which are advisable to use at the stage of cleansing the wound from necrotic tissue and in the cosmetic therapy of keloid scars – are of exceptional interest. At the same time, it is possible in principle to control the speed of biological and hydrolytic degradation of materials on the wound surface. Due to its positive charge in acidic and neutral environments, chitosan has bioadhesiveness, bactericidal effect and promotes wound healing, absorbs biological fluids and helps tissue regeneration. Immobilization in chitosan gel, drying and storing various therapeutic agents and their mixtures in different directions affects the properties of the immobilized drug and its biological activity.
Composition, stability and stereo effects of zirconium(IV) dl-tartrate formation
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Mukhamedyarova Lilia I. , Bezryadin Sergey G. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Klukvina Elena Yu. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Chevela Vladimir V. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Ivanova Valentina Yu. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: March 2021

The system of zirconium (IV) – dl-tartaric acid for metal: ligand 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3 ratios in aqueous solution has been studied by means of using potentiometric titration method in combination with mathematical modeling. The comparison of Bjerrum functions from pH for zirconium(IV) systems: d-tartaric acid and zirconium (IV): dl-tartaric acid, has revealed the following features in the behavior of the curves: the degree of titration for the complexes at a fixed pH value for systems with dl-tartaric acid is more than for d-acid. The CPESSP software complex has calculated the composition, stability constants and molar fractions of zirconium(IV) tartrate accumulation. It has been also found that at a ratio of 1: 1 for Zr (IV) and ligand (H4Tart) ions in the system under study ZrHTart+ is formed, which is tetramerized into Zr4Tart40 and, further, tetranuclear particles of varying degrees of deprotonization are formed, as well as mononuclear forms. In a strongly alkaline pH environment > 10, Bjerrum curves for d- and dl-tartaric acids overlap each other and correspond to hydroxocomplexes of varying degrees of titration. For the 1: 2 ratio, the composition of the complexes for the zirconium(IV) – dl-H4T system is slightly different; compared to the zirconium(IV) – dH4T system, differences are clearly observed for both low and high concentrations. Based on these data, a complex formation scheme in the Zr(IV) – dl-tartaric acid system has been proposed for all the ratios studied. The characteristics of stereoselective diastereomer formation have been calculated. It has been revealed that in the medium of racemic tartrate, ddd- and lll-Zr(H2Tart)2(HTart)3-forms, as well as Zr(H2Tart)(НTart)24-Zr(HTart)35- are formed on a stereoselective basis.
New approach to the formation of organo-inorganic borosyloxane polymer structures
Authors:   A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds  of RAS, Zachernyuk Alexander B. , Zachernyuk Boris A. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Solovyova Ekaterina N. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Nedelkin Vladimir I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Roud Construction State Technical University (MADI), Korneeva Lyubov A. ,   National Research University “MPEI”, Bezryadin Sergey G. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University),Orenburg Branch
Published: March 2021

Using sol-gel methods, new synthetic approaches to the preparation of boron-containing organic-inorganic hybrid polymers based on boron oxide (boric anhydride), which is a part of many inorganic materials, have been developed. Previously, such methods were used to obtain amorphous silicate glasses and their use allows introducing various inorganic and organic modifiers into the matrix of silicon dioxide and other compounds at temperatures up to 120 °C. Within the framework of this work: a) the conditions for obtaining saturated solutions of boron oxide in organic solvents were found and it was found that boric anhydride is most completely dissolved in triethyl orthoformiate (approximately 25%) at 110-110 °C retaining its structure; b) by the condensation of boric acid with 1,3-dichlorotetraphenyl disiloxane, functional borcyclosiloxanes were synthesized to further modify boron oxide. The reaction conditions, spectral and thermal characteristics of condensation products were investigated. It is shown the increasing in the synthesis time to 15-18 h, a bicyclic borsiloxane is formed; c) homophasic modification of boric anhydride with monofunctional cyclic borsiloxanes was carried out and it was shown that the formation of Si-O-B bonds at 110-120 °C occurs due to the use of anhydrous sol-gel process. Transparent films are obtained from modified boric anhydride solutions deposited on glass and stainless steel, followed by curing at a temperature of 160-280 °C, that are not subjected to hydrolysis under the action of air moisture and are stable in air up to 600 °C. As a result of the work, the possibility of obtaining a borsiloxane type polymeric structures having an inorganic molecular skeleton modified with organosilicon compounds has been investigated.
Some results of statistical grouping and classification of energy materials on characteristics of thermal decomposition and heat explosion
Authors:   Joint Stock Company ", Popok Vladimir N. ,   Federal Research and Production Center ",   Altay"
Published: March 2021

Annotation to date has accumulated a large amount of experimental data on the characteristics of thermal decomposition and heat explosion of individual and mixed energy materials. A specific feature of this data is the multidimensional nature-a large number of characteristics and objects, a variety of methods of their definition and description, the availability of qualitative and quantitative characteristics, gaps in data. These results require some processing and systematization in order to obtain reliable empirical or calibration models and methods of describing and predicting the behavior of the materials under external thermal influences. Another task, which is of decisive importance in the practice of using the materials under consideration, is their classification, construction of sensitivity and hazard series, search for analogue and others. An important role in such processing is given to statistical methods of grouping, allowing to reveal the latent structure of data, to organize their grouping on the basis of objective or research characteristics. Grouping allows to reduce to acceptable values dispersion (square of standard deviation) of results of processing of quantitative data and errors of grouping and classification on qualitative or mixed data. To carry out such work, effective statistical methods and programs are developed that allow processing large data arrays (many objects and characteristics-properties) with visualization of results. These methods include correlation, discriminant, factor analysis, clustering, multidimensional scaling and others. The use of a priori information allows in some cases to divide the aggregate of results into groups (clustering) on the grounds, for example, compatibility and thermal resistance of components taking into account active functional groups Compounds of different classes, as is done in relation to the use of nanosized powders of metals and their oxides in mixed energy materials. The similar situation is realized also at establishment of correlation ratios between parameters of thermal durability and heat explosion of energy components and mixes at use of a priori information on formation of molecular Complexes and co-crystallizes between components in compositions. The proposed article presents the results of the application of statistical methods of grouping and classifying individual and mixed energy materials on the basis of analysis of many-dimensional data on their thermal decomposition and thermal explosion.
The influence of functional ingredients on the physico-mechanical and operational properties of rubbers for water-oil-swelling sealing elements
Authors:   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov, Egorov Evgeny N. , Ushmarin Nikolay F. ,   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov, Sandalov Sergey I. ,   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov, Spiridonov Ivan S. ,   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov, Koltsov Nikolay I. ,   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov
Published: March 2021

The article investigated the effect of caoutchoucs, sevilen 11808-340, vulcanizing groups, fillers, plasticizers, ingredients of directional actions on the physical and mechanical properties (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, rebound elasticity, tear resistance) and operational properties (changes of conditional tensile strength of rubbers after exposure to oil, weight changes after aging of rubbers in a solution of citric and hydrochloric acids, changes in the volume of rubbers after exposure to a mixture of oil and water) of two rubbers. These rubbers are developed for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-oil-swellable sealing elements (WSOE) for the oil and gas industry. It has been established that rubber for the outer layer of WSOE based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, isoprene SKI-3 and butadiene CKD caoutchoucs, as well as rubber for the inner layer of UEN based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, butadiene methylstyrene SKMS-30ARK and butadiene CKD caoutchoucs possess the required physicomechanical and operational properties. It was shown that these rubbers containing a vulcanizing group sulfur + thiazole 2 MBS, sevilen 11808-340, a combination of carbon black T 900 with rosil 175, talc and chalk, petroleum resin “Sibplast”, vermiculite and igloprobivnoe cloth, are characterized by improved physical-mechanical and operational properties. These rubber can be recommended as the basis for the manufacture of outer and inner layers of water-oil-swelling sealing elements.
Impact of external physical effects on water and aqueous solutions: the problem of “memory”
Authors:   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Nurislamova Ksenia A. , Franz Alena S. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Markov Vyacheslav F. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Maskaeva Larisa N. ,   Ural institute State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: March 2021

A brief analysis of scientific publications on the changes in the physicochemical properties of water and aqueous solutions under the influence of temperature, magnetic and electric fields, laser and microwave radiation, ultrasound, and mechanical mixing was performed. A number of researchers have shown the influence of such effects on changes in pH and redox potential, electrical conductivity, surface tension and viscosity of an aqueous solution. The question of influence of external physical effects on water and aqueous solutions remains controversial. Some scientists suggest that water has a cluster structure, which is influenced by physical effects. An important aspect of the problem is the impact on the subsequent behavior and the final result of a chemical process involving previously treated aqueous solutions. Using water solutions of lead and thiourea as an example, the effect of their temperature prehistory in the range of 275-369 K on the kinetics of precipitation of the solid phase of lead sulfide and their microstructure is demonstrated. A threefold change in the composition of supersaturated CdxPb1–xS solid solutions precipitated from solutions containing a lead salt with different temperature prehistory was established. It is shown that the “memory” on the preliminary temperature effect is maintained for at least a day. The influence of electromagnetic treatment of water and aqueous solutions on the content of dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Some scientists explain these results by the influence of the field on the structure of hydrogen bonds, others by a change in the cluster structure of water, as well as by the presence of ferromagnetic particles in water. The review presents the current state of the problem of the “memory” effect and the related influence of the prehistory of the impact of physical factors. The review suggested that the “memory” of an aqueous solution is the preservation for a certain time of the changes in its structure and properties that have arisen as a result of the effect. The basic ideas about the mechanisms of influence of the prehistory of physical effects on aqueous solutions are given.
Approaches to the simulation of microbiological wastewater treatment using cellular automata
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Degtyarev Andrey A. , Razumova Ludmila G. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Trishina Alexandra V. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: March 2021

The article discusses an approach to modeling microbiological wastewater treatment using simulation modeling by cellular automata. A model of the evolution of one type of microorganisms in a nutrient medium has been built and its research has been conducted by means of a numerical experiment. Non-colony-prone microorganisms and having the same scale in all dimensions were taken as model microorganisms. Nutrient medium is adopted single-component and having a uniform initial distribution. The influence of the size of the cellular automaton field and the characteristics of the division of bacteria on the parameters and behavior of the system was investigated. It was determined that, when using periodic boundary conditions, the scale of the field, when its size is more than 20×20 cells, does not affect the evolution of the system. The bacterial reproduction rate affects both the appearance of the concentration curves of bacteria and the nutrient component, as well as the internal parameters of the model, such as the average return of bacteria and the supply of nutrients accumulated by bacteria. The rate of decrease in the concentration of the nutrient increases until the maximum concentration of bacteria is reached, then there is an inflection point and then the decrease in the concentration of the nutrient medium is approximately exponential. The advantages/disadvantages of this approach and its applicability to specific phenomena and technological processes are given, which, in addition to microbiological water treatment, include the processes of biodegradation of toxic substances, industrial and food waste, the death of microorganisms upon contact with a toxic substance. The source code of the program that implements the simulator model is written in Python and is freely available.
Development of an algorithm for optimizing the synthesis of leukocyte polypeptides
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Volkova Larisa V. , Grishina Tatiana A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Orlova Ekaterina V. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy
Published: March 2021

The article presents experimental data on the influence of various factors on the synthesis of leukocyte polypeptides. It was shown that the productive ability of leukocytes depends on the method of sampling the donor raw materials and the used blood containers. The obtained experimental data indicate a favorable effect of cytapheresis during harvesting of raw materials on polypeptides produced by leukocytes. Assessment of the level of specific activity of polypeptides obtained from raw materials by the method of cytapheresis indicates an increase of 2.4 times. It was also found that the use of the cytapheresis method made it possible to obtain a leukoerythromass with a leukocyte concentration 4 times higher than using the classical method of taking raw materials. The results of the influence of the culture regime of leukocyte cells on the level of specific activity of the synthesized polypeptides are presented. It was shown that the suspension mode of cultivation, in which the level of specific activity of polypeptides increases 1.3 times, is optimal for the synthesis of leukocyte polypeptides. The conditions for the synthesis of polypeptides by leukocytes were optimized. It was established by calculation that the leukocyte concentration of 8 billion/l and the mixing rate of the culture medium of 32 rpm were optimal at the stage of biosynthesis. The effect of L-dextrose and maltose on the residual moisture content of polypeptides in cryoprotectant concentrations from 2.5 to 10% was studied. In a series of experiments, it was found that maltose at a concentration of 2.5% is the optimal cryoprotectant for lyophilization of leukocyte polypeptides. According to the results of the experiments, an algorithm for optimizing the synthesis of leukocyte polypeptides was developed, which consists in using the cytapheresis method in the preparation of raw materials and “Terumo” hemakontainers, observing the optimal parameters during the cultivation of leukocytes, and lyophilization of the finished product using a cryoprotectant of maltose at a concentration of 2.5%.
Biochemical study of hepatoprotective collection of plant origin
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Lapin Anatoly A. , Garifullin Irek G. ,   NLLC "Clinic of green medicine", Zelenkov Valery N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of biochemical studies of the total antioxidant activity of the hepatoprotective collection of plant origin and its individual components, which show that it consists of birch leaves (Betulae folia), tansy flowers (Tanaceti flores), phytohepatol No. 2 (choleretic collection No. 2) and individual its components have pronounced antioxidant activity. More antioxidant activity founded in tansy and true hepatoprotective collection. Comparative tests of the flowers of meadowsweet, with the highest antioxidant activity, showed the promise of their use in the collections of medicinal plants as effective natural metabolic regulators. The total antioxidant activity of the water extract collection at 13.56% rel. exceeded the calculated value obtained by summing the activities of the individual components of the collection, which indicates the presence of synergism in their action, which may be of value for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. When all components of the drug collection are finished, the indicator increases by 11-24 % rel., which indicates the thermal stability of the antioxidant substances that make up their composition. In the oxidation of aqueous extracts of the components of hepatoprotective collection with hydrogen peroxide, the most stable were antioxidants of birch leaves. It was found that collection only at a ratio of 7.7 g per liter of water shows synergism (15 % rel.), and the rest of all the samples we tested are antagonistic. The detected increase in the antioxidant activity of the new collection compared with the effects of its individual components allows us to consider it as a promising dosage form for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases.
Synthesis of 1,1'-oxalyldibenzotriazole, study of the kinetic and thermodynamic features of its hydrolysis and prediction of biological activity
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Purygin Pyotr P. , Milyutin Konstantin V. ,   Samara National Research University, Zarubin Yury P. ,   Samara National Research University, Grigoryeva Olga B. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: March 2021

The article describes a two-step method for the synthesis of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole (bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione) from benzotriazole via 1-trimethylsilylbenzotriazole, followed by reaction with oxalyl chloride; the yield of the final product is 87%. The kinetics of hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis of 1,1'-oxalyldibenzotriazole was studied in the systems acetonitrile – water (9 : 1), acetonitrile – methanol (9 : 1), acetonitrile – diethylamine (9 : 1) at 25 °C, and also by the equation Arrhenius values of the activation energy in the reactions of hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and aminolysis of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole were calculated. To study the thermodynamic features of the reactions of obtaining this compound in the Spartan’14 1.1.4 program, a number of thermodynamic characteristics were calculated, determining the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. For the 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole molecule, possible conformers were found in the Molecular Operating Environment 2014.0901 software, for which the surfaces of nucleophilic susceptibility were calculated in the SCIGRESS Modeling 3.1.4 software. The structure of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The program PASS Professional 2007 predicted the most likely types of biological activity of the studied compounds. The most significant types of biological activity are in relation to renal diseases, anti-neurotoxic, anti-acid, anti-inflammatory. The obtained data allow us to choose the optimal conditions for the synthesis of 1,1’-oxalyl dibenzotriazole and to conclude that it is low stability in nucleophilic-containing media.
Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid hexamolybdochromate (С6H5NO2)2[H3O]4[CrMo6O18(OH)6].4Н2О
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Kaziev Garry Z. , Stepnova Anna F. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Nguyen Van Bang ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Khrustalev Viktor N. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Dorovatovsky Pavel V. ,   National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Quenones Saul H. ,   Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (Azcapotzalco)
Published: March 2021

The Chemistry of heteropoly compounds (HPC) is one of the modern direction of Coordination chemistry. In current times, the high importance in the development of HPC chemistry is the synthesis of new hybrid, organic-inorganic heteropolystructures with preassigned physicochemical properties as well as the determination of common factors of change in these properties depending on the composition and structure. The X-ray diffraction study of the obtained compounds has showed that the packing of molecules into crystals is carried out with the formation of through channels along the c axis, which can play a significant role, for example, during catalytic processes. The ability of natural nicotinic acid to form complexes with heteropolyanion [CrMo6(ОН)6O18]4- is known. The high biological activity of nicotinic acid, as well as the activity of a number of polymetallates to the suppression of certain types of viruses which was described in the literature, make it possible to consider hybrid materials based on these substances promising from the point of view of the consciousness of new pharmaceuticals. Based on this data, we have synthesized pyridine-3-carboxylic acid hexamolybdochromate of composition (С6H5NO2)2[H3O]4[CrMo6O18(OH)6].4Н2О. The compound was studied by chemical, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, NMR and IR spectroscopic methods of analysis. It is established that the synthesized compound crystallizes in triclinic syngony with unit cell parameters: а = 9.1640(8)Å, b = 10.6441(11)Å, с = 10.8241(12)Å; α = 95.968(10)°, β = 109.864(12)°, γ = 105.059(11)°; calc .= 2.502 g/cm3, V = 937.2(2) Å3; Z = 1.
Development of a method of synthesis of trimethyl ester of phosphonacetic acid
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kovalenko Leonid V. , Kalistratova Antonida V. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Oshchepkov Maxim S. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kuzmin Ivan S. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Polivanova Anna G. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Tkachenko Sergey V. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Solovieva Inna N. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Sokruta Eugenia V. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: March 2021

In the recent years the methods of synthesis and biological activity of phosphorus-containing analogues of biogenic carboxylic acids that are potential anti-metabolites of corresponding endogenous ligands in metabolic processes have been intensively studied. Phosphonacetic (PAA) and phosphonformic acids are the most important biological active phosphorus-containing carboxylic acids. Antiviral activity of phosphonacetic acid and some it’s derivates via inhibition of replication of viral DNA is proven by a number of studies, but searching of efficient and economical method of synthesis of PAA for industrial manufacturing still going on. In this paper, development of the method of synthesis of trimethyl ester of PAA that is the most convenient initial compound for further PAA synthesis is considered. The basis of this development was taken the reaction of interphase alkylation of dimethylphophite by methylchloroacetate without any solvents. Potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate in presence of appropriate phase transfer catalyst was used as a base in this reaction. In the course of the work, the kinetics and selectivity of this reaction were investigated using different bases and the corresponding kinetic curves were obtained. In case of sodium carbonate as a base the effect of using different phase transfer catalysts on yield and selectivity of this reaction was shown. As part of the study, a series of experiments were carried out and optimal process conditions were determined that allow it to be scaled using commercially available substrates and without the use of labor-intensive and high-cost technological methods.
Thermodynamic modeling of the rare elements behavior during the dissolution of heat-resistant nickel alloys waste in mineral acids
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russkih Andrey S. , Krasikov Sergey A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhilina Ekaterina M. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Podkorytov Sergey A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

This work is aimed at studying the possibility of heat-resistant alloys waste processing, in particular, to determine the distribution of elements of a heat-resistant nickel alloy in solutions of mineral acids. The aim of the work was to predict the behavior of alloy components using the method of thermodynamic analysis. The research results can serve as a scientific basis for the development of promising technologies for the processing of metal wastes of heat-resistant alloys, allowing the extraction and separation of valuable rare and non-ferrous metals. Thermodynamic modeling of the interaction for the heat-resistant nickel alloy containing refractory rare metals with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids was carried out within a temperature range of 20-100 °C and concentration from 50 to 150 g/dm3 under a pressure of 1 atm. According to the results of calculations, it was revealed that nickel transfers into sludge, both in the form of a metal and in the form of a Ni4W compound. A temperature growth of more than 60 °C and an acid concentration from 50 to 150 g/dm3 do not affect predominant distribution of tantalum and niobium pentoxides into the slurry and contributes to the transition to a solution of non-ferrous metals. The obtained data of thermodynamic modeling were confirmed in experiments on the anodic dissolution of the alloy in sulfate solutions. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis of sludge, it was found that the highest intensity of the diffractogram peaks corresponded to a solid solution of tungsten in nickel. The oxide phases of tantalum were also detected. In the electrolyte solution transferred, mainly Re, Co, Cr. Thus, it was shown the possibility of using the method of thermodynamic modeling to predict the behavior of elements in the processing of waste heat-resistant nickel alloys.
RECREATING HAMLET: CREATIVITY OF VISHAL BHARDWAJ IN HAIDER
Authors: Kowsar K. S. Shahanaaz , Mukherjee Sangeeta
Published: March 2021

William Shakespeare’s plays are universal in human character, which have raised him to be the exemplar in film industry. Shakespeare’s works stand to the test of time due to their intrinsic quality of life-likeness as Arthur Koestler comments that life-likeness is regarded as the supreme criterion of art. Shakespeare’s works and films project the reality of human life. The universality of his works has motivated the film producers to adapt Shakespeare extensively in their films in different regions, nations and contexts. The adaptation of the literary text into filmic interface involves major creative restructuring between the original text and the filmic medium. The restructuring of the adaptation involves shift in the medium, genre, context and culture to suit the differences in area and medium. The director of a film needs to be highly creative to adapt a literary text to make a film. Vishal Bhardwaj is one such contemporary prolific film makers who have successfully adapted Shakespearean plays like Othello, Macbeth and Hamlet into Indian cinema. The research article tries to portray the creativity of a director to recreate a new film out of an existing text (filmic adaptation). The article analyses the concept of conceptual blending creativity process and bricolage in highlighting the creativity of Bhardwaj in adapting Hamlet and localizing it in Indian cinema as Haider (2014).
S0-2 Star, G1- and G2-objects, and Flaring Activity of the Milky Way’s Galactic Center Black Hole in 2019
Authors: Murchikova Lena
Published: March 2021

In 2019, the Galactic center black hole Sgr A* produced an unusually high number of bright near-infrared flares, including the brightest-ever detected flare. We propose that this activity was triggered by the near simultaneous infall of material shed by G1 and G2 objects due to their interaction with the background accretion flow. We discuss mechanisms by which S-stars and G-objects shed material, and estimate both the quantity of material and the infall time to reach the black hole.
Review of studies on motor-manual felling productivity in eucalypt stands
Authors: Ghaffariyan Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobally, about 20 million ha of land area is occupied by plantations of Eucalyptus. Motor-manual tree harvest-ing techniques (using chainsaws) are still applied in eucalypt plantations, especially in difficult terrains or for large- sized trees where mechanised felling may not be an effective and safe possible option to apply. There is little information available on motor-manual felling in eucalypt stands. This article reviewed available literature on the productivity of motor-manual felling. The results were classified into four regions, including Africa, Asia/Oceania, America and Europe. Results of international studies indicate that the main factors impacting the productivity of motor-manual felling include diameter at the breast height (DBH), travelling distance to trees, understory density and terrain slope. Operator experience also plays a key role in felling operations. The range of reported productivity varied from 0.6 m3/PMH0 to 48.9 m3/PMH0 in different regions. This article provides key recommendations on improving motor-manual felling productivity, which can provide a guide for sustainable harvesting planning purposes. 
Second language vocabulary acquisition through fan fiction on the Archive of Our Own
Authors: Zen Dariva Júlia
Published: March 2021

With the widespread diffusion of the internet and online archives, fan fiction is increasingly consumed by fans who do not speak English as a first language. It is therefore relevant to argue that fan fiction, especially as found on the fan-run Archive of Our Own, may work as a space for second language vocabulary acquisition. The high motivation and extensive engagement with forms of reading of fans who read and write fan fiction helps with vocabulary acquisition.
Transcultural fan studies in practice: A conversation
Authors: Morimoto Lori , Booth Paul , Garner Ross , Kohnen Melanie E. S. , Jones Bethan , Nielsen E. J. , Stein Louisa Ellen , Williams Rebecca
Published: March 2021

At the end of 2018, a group of fan scholars led by Lori Morimoto journeyed to Japan for a fan studies field trip. The purpose was multifaceted: to speak at a symposium on transcultural popular culture; to bring together fans and fandom studies from both sides of the Pacific; and to augment their classrooms with practical experience. Eight participants share their experiences and reflect on what it means to be a transcultural fan scholar at the dawning of the 2020s.
The reviewer's role in Brazilian K-drama fan subs
Authors: Doretto Vitoria Ferreira
Published: March 2021

An analysis of the process of proofreading in communities of Brazilian fans subtitling South Korean dramas.
Broadway YouTubers and musical theater fandom
Authors: Greenwood Steven
Published: March 2021

An analysis of the use of visuals to express ideas in a form that has much in common with the medium being studied.
Thrombosis of the innominate artery during prolonged cardiac support by right transaxillary Impella 5.0 device
Authors: Cannata Aldo , Carrozzini Massimiliano , Tata Giuseppe , Russo Claudio Francesco
Published: March 2021

We describe an unexpected complication in a 46-years-old man affected by ischemic cardiomyopathy who received a prolonged mechanical cardiac support by means of right transaxillary Impella 5.0. The postoperative course was complicated by recurrent septicemia from multi-durg resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. He underwent implantation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation because of refractory cardiac arrest, followed by Impella removal that has been complicated by embolic stroke. The likely source of the embolus was a large thrombus inside the innominate artery. After a long-standing right transaxillary device implantation, particularly in patients with intercurrent septic episodes, a CT angiographic scan should be planned to exclude arterial thrombosis before removal of the transarterial device.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of CDX2 and Ki67 in Colorectal Lesions with their Expression Pattern in Different Histologic Variants, Grade, and Stage of Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Nayak Jhasaketan , Mohanty Pranita , Lenka Anasuya , Sahoo Nibedita , Agrawala Sunil , Panigrahi Sandeep Kumar
Published: March 2021

Background:

A variety of colorectal lesions are surgically treated encompassing both benign and malignant polyps and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most common cause of death in developed countries. Over the last decade, CDX2 has been linked to CRC progression, with reduced expression of the protein associated with more advanced tumor stage, vessel invasion, and metastasis.

Aims and Objectives:

To analyze the histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of CDX2 and Ki67 with their expression pattern; in different lesions of colon and rectum with special reference to various grade/stage/histological variants of CRC and to find out whether they can be used as possible predictive marker.

Materials and Methods:

The study conducted was hospital based, both retrospective and perspective type comprising colorectal samples of total 367 cases (N) within a period of 2½ years. Surgical samples were collected, then grossed, processed, stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain in our department followed by IHC of CDX2 and Ki67 in only 60 randomly selected cases (n = 60).

Results:

Out of total 367 cases, 265 cases were prospective study and 102 cases were retrospective study (240 cases were colonic lesions, and 127 are rectal lesions). The samples included were both from colonoscopy biopsy (small) 319 cases and 48 colectomy specimen (large). Mean age of the study participants was 49.62 years with a standard deviation of 17.34 years and predominantly male, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Colon (238 cases, 64.9%) as a whole affected more than rectum and left sided tumors more than the right side. All 60 cases were found to be positive for CDX2 expression (i.e., 100%); majority (n = 38) being carcinoma cases possessing high score and was statistically significant (P = 0.008, using Chi-square test) indicating strong association, whereas Ki-67 showed an increased index from noneoplastic to neoplastic cases.

Conclusion:

These markers can be used as future predictive biomarkers which will precisely evaluate risk group, prognosis, and response to therapy hence can be used as target therapy reducing irrational treatment.