bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Illegal drugs and periodontal conditions
Authors: Quaranta Alessandro , D'Isidoro Orlando , Piattelli Adriano , Hui Wang Lai , Perrotti Vittoria
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the practice of dentistry and periodontology has become complicated by several risk factors, including the treatment of an increasing number of patients with substance use disorder. This review presents an update in the current literature of the impact of illegal drug use on periodontal conditions and their possible effect as risk factors or indicators. The main illegal drugs that may have an impact on periodontal health and conditions are described, including their effect, medical manifestations, risks, and the overall effect on oral health and on the periodontium. Where available, data from epidemiologic studies are analyzed and summarized. The clinical management of periodontal patients using illegal drugs is reported in a comprehensive approach inclusive of the detection of illicit drug users, screening, interviewing and counseling, the referral to treatment, and the dental and periodontal management. With regard to the impact of illegal substance use on periodontal conditions, there is moderate evidence that regular long‐term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease, manifesting as a loss of periodontal attachment, deep pockets, recessions, and gingival enlargements. Limited evidence also shows that the use of cocaine can cause a series of gingival conditions that mostly presents as chemical induced‐traumatic lesions (application of cocaine on the gingiva) or necrotizing ulcerative lesions. There is a scarcity of data regarding the impact of other drug use on periodontal health. There is evidence to suggest that regular long‐term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease and that the use of cocaine can cause a series of periodontal conditions. The dental treatment of subjects that use illegal substances is becoming more common in the daily clinical practice of periodontists and other dental clinicians. When the clinicians encounter such patients, it is essential to manage their addiction properly taking into consideration the impact of it on comprehensive dental treatment. Further studies and clinical observations are required to obtain sound and definitive information.
Orienting versus inhibition: The theory behind the ocular‐based Concealed Information Test
Authors: klein Selle Nathalie , Suchotzki Kristina , Pertzov Yoni , Gamer Matthias
Published: October 2022

When trying to conceal one's knowledge, various ocular changes occur. However, which cognitive mechanisms drive these changes? Do orienting or inhibition—two processes previously associated with autonomic changes—play a role? To answer this question, we used a Concealed Information Test (CIT) in which participants were either motivated to conceal (orienting + inhibition) or reveal (orienting only) their knowledge. While pupil size increased in both motivational conditions, the fixation and blink CIT effects were confined to the conceal condition. These results were mirrored in autonomic changes, with skin conductance increasing in both conditions while heart rate decreased solely under motivation to conceal. Thus, different cognitive mechanisms seem to drive ocular responses. Pupil size appears to be linked to the orienting of attention (akin to skin conductance changes), while fixations and blinks rather seem to reflect arousal inhibition (comparable to heart rate changes). This knowledge strengthens CIT theory and illuminates the relationship between ocular and autonomic activity.
Is wealth found in the soil or in the brain? Investing in farm people in Malawi
Authors: Mkondiwa Maxwell
Published: October 2022

Should a typical developing country invest more in agriculture or education? At what stage of development is it optimal to invest more in each of these sectors? These are important questions that governments of developing countries grapple with when designing investment plans. In this paper, I propose a soil–human capital conceptual framework of development and use it to explain estimates of agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi. I use panel survey data for Malawi and rely on the exogenous education policy changes and spatial variation in access to schooling to identify effects of schooling on agricultural incomes. In addition, I correct for selection into income activities within a panel data and instrumental variables estimation framework. I find annual agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi of 3%–4% after correcting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity and 7% in the uncorrected specifications. I also find consistently higher returns to schooling in the nonagricultural sector for those not living in the village of birth and higher returns in the agricultural sector for those living in the village of birth. Given the size of the farm sector, wealth in Malawi is still in the soil, but that future growth in wealth depends on human capital investments.
Big Data and Official Statistics†
Authors: Abraham Katharine G.
Published: October 2022

The infrastructure and methods for developed countries' economic statistics, largely established in the mid‐20th century, rest almost entirely on survey and administrative data. The increasing difficulty of obtaining survey responses threatens the sustainability of this model. Meanwhile, users of economic data are demanding ever more timely and granular information. “Big data” originally created for other purposes offer the promise of new approaches to the compilation of economic data. Drawing primarily on the U.S. experience, the paper considers the challenges to incorporating big data into the ongoing production of official economic statistics and provides examples of progress towards that goal to date. Beyond their value for the routine production of a standard set of official statistics, new sources of data create opportunities to respond more nimbly to emerging needs for information. The concluding section of the paper argues that national statistical offices should expand their mission to seize these opportunities.
Longitudinal development of well‐being among Finnish employees during 2019–2021: Relationships with personality trait profiles
Authors: Oksa Reetta , Mäkikangas Anne , Savela Nina , Latikka Rita , Oksanen Atte
Published: October 2022

We examined well‐being profiles among Finnish employees before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their links with personality trait profiles. Longitudinal survey data were collected in 2019–2021, and 733 respondents participated in all five surveys. The data were analyzed with a person‐centered approach using latent profile analysis (LPA). Measures included burnout, work engagement, psychological distress; and Big Five personality traits. Six well‐being profiles: Disengaged, Declined, Engaged, Fluctuated, Stable, and Burned‐out, and four personality profiles: Ordinary, Reserved, Resilient, and Overcontrolled were identified. Resilient participants typically belonged to the Engaged well‐being profile and Reserved to Burned‐out and Fluctuated well‐being profiles. Although some separation in developmental well‐being profiles existed, overall, well‐being was rather stable. Personality trait profiles played a crucial role in maintaining well‐being.
Knowledge Conflicts: The Strategic Use and Effects of Expertise in Social Movements
Authors: Hess David J. , Belletto Kaelee
Published: October 2022

Based on a unique data set of research reports that appear in media coverage of the Atlantic Coast Pipeline conflict in the United States, the study brings together perspectives in social movement theory and the sociology of science and technology by (1) developing an understanding of the epistemic dimension of framing through the analysis of the strategic use of different types of research produced by experts in the context of social movement conflicts and (2) examining the extent to which research is relevant for regulatory and judicial decision making. The project identifies over 50 research reports that proponents and opponents discuss in the media. Proponents favor reports with economic framing, and opponents respond to those reports but also produce or fund reports that document environmental and other risks and political influence. Regulatory agencies at both the federal and state level tend to be aligned with proponents, but the federal courts provided independent decisions that contributed to the decision by developers to withdraw from the project. The analysis draws attention to an under‐studied area of environmental and social movement conflict that brings together the framing and political sociology of science literatures. It also develops generalizable implications for future research as well as actionable, problem‐oriented knowledge for activists and advocates. For example, the study suggests that activists may want to focus limited research resources on developing studies that can be used in regulatory and legal battles. If regulatory agencies are somewhat or highly captured, resources would best be spent on litigation in the courts.
Level of adherence to anti‐tubercular treatment among drug‐sensitive tuberculosis patients on a newly introduced daily dose regimen in South India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Thamineni Rajavardhana , Peraman Ramalingam , Chenniah Jayakumar , Meka Geethavani , Munagala Ashok Kumar , Mahalingam Vijayakumar Thangavel , Ganesan Rajanandh Muhasaparur
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) patients on the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) treatment protocol receive daily doses without health professional‐supervised drug intake as during the previous directly observed treatment short‐course (DOTS) regimen. We aimed to measure the level of adherence to anti‐tubercular treatment (ATT) and the reasons for non‐adherence among drug‐sensitive TB patients on a daily‐dose regimen in South India.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among TB patients who received ATT as part of the standard treatment protocol in NTEP. Patients were interviewed to capture their understanding of TB, adherence, and the reason for non‐adherence to ATT using validated instruments. Urine drug metabolite testing was performed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique to confirm adherence.

Results

A total of 488 patients were recruited for the study. 64.8% of patients had ‘good knowledge’ about TB and ATT. According to the subjective report, 63.7% of patients were adherent, but urine drug metabolite testing revealed 53.4% adherence. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) exists between subjective and objective adherence measures. Patient‐reported reasons for non‐adherence were side effects of ATT (18.6%), loss of daily wages (15.0%), and forgetfulness (10.0%), among others.

Conclusions

Nearly half of the patients were non‐adherent to the daily dosing regimen. Adherence as reported by the patients is unreliable, and urine testing could be used in routine care to assess adherence.

Clinical Trial Registration and Number

CTRI/2020/04/024941.
HIV incidence and related risks among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver: Informing blood donor selection criteria in Canada
Authors: Lambert Gilles , Cox Joseph , Fourmigue Alain , Dvorakova Milada , Apelian Herak , Moodie Erica E. M. , Grace Daniel , Skakoon‐Sparling Shayna , Moore David M. , Lachowsky Nathan , Jollimore Jody , Lal Allan , Parlette Abbie , Hart Trevor A. ,   the Engage Study Team
Published: October 2022

Background

An individualized behavior‐based selection approach has potential to allow for a more equitable blood donor eligibility process. We collected biological and behavioral data from urban gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) to inform the use of this approach in Canada.

Study design and methods

Engage is a closed prospective cohort of sexually active GBM, aged 16+ years, recruited via respondent‐driven‐sampling (RDS) in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada. Participants completed a questionnaire on behaviors (past 6 months) and tested for HIV and sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections at each visit. Rate ratios for HIV infection and predictive values for blood donation eligibility criteria were estimated by RDS‐adjusted Poisson regression.

Results

Data on 2008 (study visits 2017‐02 to 2021‐08) HIV‐negative participants were used. The HIV incidence rate for the three cities was 0.4|100 person‐years [95%CI:0.3, 0.6]. HIV seroconversion was associated with age <30 years: adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 9.1 [95%CI:3.2, 26.2], 6–10 and >10 anal sex partners versus 1–6 aRR: 5.3 [2.1,13.5] and 8.4 [3.4, 20.9], and use of crystal methamphetamine during sex: 4.2 [1.5, 11.6]. Applying the combined selection criteria: drug injection, ≥2 anal sex partners, and a new anal sex partner, detected all participants who seroconverted (100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value), and would defer 63% of study participants from donating.

Conclusion

Using three screening questions regarding drug injection and sexual behaviors in the past 6 months would correctly identify potential GBM donors at high risk of having recently contracted HIV. Doing so would reduce the proportion of deferred sexually active GBM by one‐third.
Closed system processing variables affect post‐thaw quality characteristics of cryopreserved red cell concentrates
Authors: Howell Anita , Turner Tracey R. , Hansen Adele , Lautner Larissa J. , Yi Qilong , Acker Jason P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Differences in manufacturing conditions using the Haemonetics ACP 215 cell processor result in cryopreserved red cell concentrates (RCCs) of varying quality. This work studied the effect of processing method, additive solution, and storage duration on RCC quality to identify an optimal protocol for the manufacture of cryopreserved RCCs.

Materials and methods

RCCs were pooled‐and‐split and stored for 7, 14, or 21 days before cryopreservation. Units were glycerolized with the ACP 215 using a single or double centrifugation method. After thawing, the RCCs were deglycerolized, suspended in AS‐3, SAGM, ESOL, or SOLX/AS‐7, and stored for 0, 3, 7, 14, or 21 days before quality testing. Quality assessments included hemoglobin content, hematocrit, hemolysis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), supernatant potassium, and mean cell volume.

Results

Both glycerolization methods produced RCCs that met regulatory standards for blood quality. Dual centrifugation resulted in higher hemoglobin content, fewer processing alerts, and a shorter deglycerolization time than single centrifugation processing. Units processed with AS‐3 and ESOL met regulatory standards when stored for up to 21 days pre‐cryopreservation and 21 days post‐deglycerolization. However, ESOL demonstrated superior maintenance of ATP over RBCs in AS‐3. Some RCCs suspended in SAGM and SOLX exceeded acceptable hemolysis values after 7 days of post‐deglycerolization storage regardless of pre‐processing storage length.

Conclusions

When manufacturing cryopreserved RCCs using the ACP 215, dual centrifugation processing with AS‐3 or ESOL additive solutions is preferred, with storage periods of up to 21 days both pre‐processing and post‐deglycerolization.
Integrative taxonomy tests possible hybridisation between Central Asian cerambycids (Coleoptera)
Authors: Karpiński Lech , Gorring Patrick , Hilszczański Jacek , Szczepański Wojciech T. , Plewa Radosław , Łoś Krzysztof , Cognato Anthony I.
Published: October 2022

Hybridisation can lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages and some described insect species may in fact be first‐generation hybrids of their parental species. Anoplistes forticornis and A. galusoi are two closely related cerambycid taxa endemic to Central Asia that exhibit a peculiar geographical distribution. Although the common diagnostic elytral pattern makes these beetles superficially easily distinguishable, there are marked resemblances in their morphology. By applying an integrative taxonomy approach, we verify the taxonomic status of A. forticornis and A. galusoi and test the possibility of hybridisation. The results of our comprehensive morphological examination and molecular analyses targeting mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) and nuclear (arginine kinase, CAD, 28S rRNA) genes support the specific status of these taxa. In mtDNA, the putative hybrid specimen is more closely related to A. forticornis, which indicates that a female of this species bred with a male of A. galusoi. The supposed ecotypic variability (manifested in elytral pattern) is apparently not related to the topography or spatial structure of habitat. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports a peripatric scenario in which populations of the common ancestor had been separated for a significant period of time, first by the mountain ranges of Dzungarian Alatau (~11–10 Ma) and ultimately by the Ili River. The diverged taxa came into recent secondary contact following these isolation events. The methodology presented herein can be widely applied to identify first‐generation hybridisation in Coleoptera.
Alteration in facial skin blood flow during acute exposure to −10 and −30° head‐down tilt in young human volunteers
Authors: Kurazumi Takuya , Kato Tomokazu , Konishi Toru , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken‐ichi
Published: October 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Facial skin blood flow (SBF) might increase during head‐down tilt (HDT). However, the effect of HDT on facial SBF remains controversial. In addition, the changes in facial SBF in the cheek (cheek SBF) during a steeper angle of HDT (>−12° HDT) have not been investigated.

What is the main finding and its importance?

This study showed that cheek SBF decreased during −30° HDT, alongside increased vascular resistance. Furthermore, vascular impedance was suggested to be elevated, accompanied by an increased hydrostatic pressure gradient caused by HDT. Constriction of the facial skin vascular bed and congestion of venous return owing to the steep angle of HDT can decrease facial SBF.

Head‐down tilt (HDT) has been used to simulate microgravity in ground‐based studies and clinical procedures including the Trendelenburg position or in certain surgical operations. Facial skin blood flow (SBF) might be altered by HDT, but the effect of a steeper angle of HDT (>−12° HDT) on facial SBF remains unclear. We examined alterations in facial SBF in the cheek (cheek SBF) using two different angles (−10 and −30°) of HDT and lying horizontal (0°) in a supine position for 10 min, to test the hypothesis that cheek SBF would increase with a steeper angle of HDT. Cheek SBF was measured continuously by laser Doppler flowmetry. Cheek skin vascular resistance and the pulsatility index of cheek SBF were calculated to assess the circulatory effects on the facial skin vascular bed in the cheek. Cheek SBF decreased significantly during −30° HDT. In addition, the resistance in cheek SBF increased significantly during −30° HDT. The pulsatility index of cheek SBF increased during both −10 and −30° HDT. Contrary to our hypothesis, cheek SBF decreased during −30° HDT along with increased skin vascular resistance. Vascular impedance, estimated by the pulsatility index in the cheek SBF, was elevated during both −10 and −30° HDT, and elevated vascular impedance would be related to increased hydrostatic pressure induced by HDT. Skin vascular constriction and venous return congestion would be induced by −30° HDT, leading to deceased cheek SBF. The present study suggested that facial SBF in the cheek decreased during acute exposure to a steep angle of HDT (∼−30° HDT).
Sodium channels and the ionic microenvironment of breast tumours
Authors: Leslie Theresa K. , Brackenbury William J.
Published: October 2022

Cancers of epithelial origin such as breast, prostate, cervical, gastric, colon and lung cancer account for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Better treatment of metastasis, the main cause of cancer deaths, is therefore urgently required. Several of these tumours have been shown to have an abnormally high concentration of Na+ ([Na+]) and emerging evidence points to this accumulation being due to elevated intracellular [Na+]. This poses intriguing questions about the cellular mechanisms underlying Na+ dysregulation in cancer, and its pathophysiological significance. Elevated intracellular [Na+] may be due to alterations in activity of the Na+/K+‐ATPase, and/or increased influx via Na+ channels and Na+‐linked transporters. Maintenance of the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is vital to power many cellular processes that are highly active in cancer cells, including glucose and glutamine import. Na+ channels are also upregulated in cancer cells, which in turn promotes tumour growth and metastasis. For example, ENaC and ASICs are overexpressed in cancers, increasing invasion and proliferation. In addition, voltage‐gated Na+ channels are also upregulated in a range of tumour types, where they promote metastatic cell behaviours via various mechanisms, including membrane potential depolarisation and altered pH regulation. Together, recent findings relating to elevated Na+ in the tumour microenvironment and how this may be regulated by several classes of Na+ channels provide a link between altered Na+ handling and poor clinical outcome. There are new opportunities to leverage this altered Na+ microenvironment for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by several ongoing clinical trials.

image
Kinematics and Stiffness Modeling of Soft Robot With a Concentric Backbone
Authors: Xiao Qingyu , Musa Mishek , Godage Isuru S. , Su Hao , Chen Yue
Published: October 2022

Soft robots can undergo large elastic deformations and adapt to complex shapes. However, they lack the structural strength to withstand external loads due to the intrinsic compliance of fabrication materials (silicone or rubber). In this paper, we present a novel stiffness modulation approach that controls the robot’s stiffness on-demand without permanently affecting the intrinsic compliance of the elastomeric body. Inspired by concentric tube robots, this approach uses a Nitinol tube as the backbone, which can be slid in and out of the soft robot body to achieve robot pose or stiffness modulation. To validate the proposed idea, we fabricated a tendon-driven concentric tube (TDCT) soft robot and developed the model based on Cosserat rod theory. The model is validated in different scenarios by varying the joint-space tendon input and task-space external contact force. Experimental results indicate that the model is capable of estimating the shape of the TDCT soft robot with an average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.90 (0.56% of total length) mm and average tip error of 1.49 (0.93% of total length) mm. Simulation studies demonstrate that the Nitinol backbone insertion can enhance the kinematic workspace and reduce the compliance of the TDCT soft robot by 57.7%. Two case studies (object manipulation and soft laparoscopic photodynamic therapy) are presented to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed design.
CMU Array: A 3D nanoprinted, fully customizable high-density microelectrode array platform
Authors: Saleh Mohammad Sadeq , Ritchie Sandra M. , Nicholas Mark A. , Gordon Hailey L. , Hu Chunshan , Jahan Sanjida , Yuan Bin , Bezbaruah Rriddhiman , Reddy Jay W. , Ahmed Zabir , Chamanzar Maysamreza , Yttri Eric A. , Panat Rahul P.
Published: October 2022

Microelectrode arrays provide the means to record electrophysiological activity critical to brain research. Despite its fundamental role, there are no means to customize electrode layouts to address specific experimental or clinical needs. Moreover, current electrodes demonstrate substantial limitations in coverage, fragility, and expense. Using a 3D nanoparticle printing approach that overcomes these limitations, we demonstrate the first in vivo recordings from electrodes that make use of the flexibility of the 3D printing process. The customizable and physically robust 3D multi-electrode devices feature high electrode densities (2600 channels/cm
2
of footprint) with minimal gross tissue damage and excellent signal-to-noise ratio. This fabrication methodology also allows flexible reconfiguration consisting of different individual shank lengths and layouts, with low overall channel impedances. This is achieved, in part, via custom 3D printed multilayer circuit boards, a fabrication advancement itself that can support several biomedical device possibilities. This effective device design enables both targeted and large-scale recording of electrical signals throughout the brain.
Basis function approach for diffractive pattern generation with Dammann vortex metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xue , Huang Lingling , Zhao Ruizhe , Zhou Hongqiang , Li Xin , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian , Zhang Shuang
Published: October 2022

In mathematics, general functions can be decomposed into a linear combination of basis functions. This principle can be used for creating an infinite number of distinct geometric patterns based on a finite number of basis patterns. Here, we propose a Dammann vortex metasurface (DVM) for optically generating an array of diverse, diffraction-multiplexed vortex patterns, based on three custom-defined basis patterns. The proposed DVM, with its capability of quantitatively correlating phase and intensity distribution in different diffraction orders, opens up doors for various applications including orbital angular momentum encryptions and quantum entanglement.
Acoustic topological beam nonreciprocity via the rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Wang Quansen , Zhou Zhiling , Liu Dongmei , Ding Hua , Gu Min , Li Yong
Published: October 2022

Reciprocity is a fundamental principle of wave physics related to time-reversal symmetry. Nonreciprocal wave behaviors have been pursued for decades because of their great scientific significance and tremendous potential applications. However, nonreciprocity devices have been based on manipulation of non-topological charge (TC) in most studies to date. Here, we introduce the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) into the acoustic system to achieve nonreciprocal control of the TC beam. We use the metasurface to generate a vortex beam with a defined TC. By rotating the metasurface with specific angular velocity, the wave vector of the transmitted wave obtains positive and negative transition flexibly due to the RDE. As a result, isolated and propagating states of the vortex beam can be realized by controlling the rotation direction, representing nonreciprocal propagation. Our work also provides an alternative method for the application of TC beams and the realization of nonreciprocity.
NOS1
mutations cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with sensory and cognitive deficits that can be reversed in infantile mice
Authors: Chachlaki Konstantina , Messina Andrea , Delli Virginia , Leysen Valerie , Maurnyi Csilla , Huber Chieko , Ternier Gaëtan , Skrapits Katalin , Papadakis Georgios , Shruti Sonal , Kapanidou Maria , Cheng Xu , Acierno James , Rademaker Jesse , Rasika Sowmyalakshmi , Quinton Richard , Niedziela Marek , L’Allemand Dagmar , Pignatelli Duarte , Dirlewander Mirjam , Lang-Muritano Mariarosaria , Kempf Patrick , Catteau-Jonard Sophie , Niederländer Nicolas J. , Ciofi Philippe , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Garthwaite John , Storme Laurent , Avan Paul , Hrabovszky Erik , Carleton Alan , Santoni Federico , Giacobini Paolo , Pitteloud Nelly , Prevot Vincent
Published: October 2022

The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a key role in the regulation of the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is crucial for reproduction. We hypothesized that a disruption of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) activity underlies some forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 341 probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to identify ultrarare variants in
NOS1
. The activity of the identified NOS1 mutant proteins was assessed by their ability to promote nitrite and cGMP production in vitro. In addition, physiological and pharmacological characterization was carried out in a
Nos1
-deficient mouse model. We identified five heterozygous
NOS1
loss-of-function mutations in six probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2%), who displayed additional phenotypes including anosmia, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. NOS1 was found to be transiently expressed by GnRH neurons in the nose of both humans and mice, and
Nos1
deficiency in mice resulted in dose-dependent defects in sexual maturation as well as in olfaction, hearing, and cognition. The pharmacological inhibition of NO production in postnatal mice revealed a critical time window during which Nos1 activity shaped minipuberty and sexual maturation. Inhaled NO treatment at minipuberty rescued both reproductive and behavioral phenotypes in
Nos1
-deficient mice. In summary, lack of NOS1 activity led to GnRH deficiency associated with sensory and intellectual comorbidities in humans and mice. NO treatment during minipuberty reversed deficits in sexual maturation, olfaction, and cognition in Nos1 mutant mice, suggesting a potential therapy for humans with NO deficiency.
Response to comment on “A proteomic surrogate for cardiovascular outcomes that is sensitive to multiple mechanisms of change in risk”
Authors: Williams Stephen A. , Ganz Peter
Published: October 2022

A 27-protein signature has been proposed to predict cardiovascular disease, and its applicability in some clinical decision-making situations is discussed.
Defective Mitochondrial Quality Control during Dengue Infection Contributes to Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Singh Bharati , Avula Kiran , Sufi Shamim Akhtar , Parwin Nahid , Das Sayani , Alam Mohd Faraz , Samantaray Subhashish , Bankapalli Leelakrishna , Rani Alankrita , Poornima Kokavalla , Prusty Biswajita , Mallick Tareni P. , Shaw Shubham K. , Dodia Hiren , Kabi Shobhitendu , Pagad Trupti T. , Mohanty Sriprasad , Syed Gulam Hussain
Published: October 2022

Many viruses target host cell mitochondria to create a microenvironment conducive to viral dissemination. Dengue virus also exploits host cell mitochondria to facilitate its viral life cycle.
Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals that PhoP Regulates Pathogenicity in Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Ying , Zhang Yanhao , Jia Xiangchao , Li Chenxi , Zhou Zutao , Hu Sishun , Li Zili
Published: October 2022

Riemerella anatipestifer
is a significant pathogen with high mortality in the poultry industry that causes acute septicemia and infectious polyserositis in ducks, chickens, geese, and other avian species. Previously, we characterized the two-component system encoded by
phoPR
and found that
R. anatipestifer
almost completely lost its pathogenicity for ducklings when
phoPR
was deleted.
Liquid-phase purification for multi-tonne xenon detectors
Authors: Plante G. , Aprile E. , Howlett J. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2022

As liquid xenon detectors grow in scale, novel techniques are required to maintain sufficient purity for charges to survive across longer drift paths. The Xeclipse facility at Columbia University was built to test the removal of electronegative impurities through cryogenic filtration powered by a liquid xenon pump, enabling a far higher mass flow rate than gas-phase purification through heated getters. In this paper, we present results from Xeclipse, including measured oxygen removal rates for two sorbent materials, which were used to guide the design and commissioning of the XENONnT liquid purification system. Thanks to this innovation, XENONnT has achieved an electron lifetime greater than $${10}\,\hbox {ms}$$

10

ms

in an $$\sim {8.6}{\text {tonne}}$$

∼

8.6

tonne

total mass, perhaps the highest purity ever measured liquid xenon detector.
Obstacles from interstellar matters and distortion in warp drive superluminal travel scenario
Authors: Bian Siyu , Wang Yi , Wang Zun , Zhu Mian
Published: October 2022

We investigate obstacles of superluminal “warp drive” travels from interactions with interstellar matter and from curvature effects. The effect of collision of interstellar dust particles and photons with the spacecraft will all lead to a pressure proportional to the apparent velocity of the spaceship $$v_s$$

v
s

. The force exerted on the spacecraft from the curvature effect has two non-trivial components. The radial and longitudinal components scales as $$v_s^2$$

v
s
2

and $$v_s^4$$

v
s
4

respectively. The above obstacles become increasingly important when the spaceship travels at high superluminal speeds.
Weak $$\Xi _{QQ} \rightarrow \Sigma _Q \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$ decays induced by FCNC in QCD
Authors: Aliev T. M. , Savci M. , Bilmis S.
Published: October 2022

With the discovery of the doubly heavy $$\Xi _{cc}$$

Ξ

cc

baryon, comprehensive studies of the properties of the doubly heavy baryons are started. In the present work, we examine the $$\Xi _{bb} \rightarrow \Sigma _b \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ξ

bb

→

Σ
b

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

and $$\Xi _{cc} \rightarrow \Sigma _c \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ξ

cc

→

Σ
c

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays induced by flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) in the framework of the light-cone sum rules. After obtaining the sum rules for the form factors induced by the tensor current, the branching ratios of the relevant transitions are estimated. We found that the branching ratio for the $$c \rightarrow u$$

c
→
u

transition is around five orders smaller than the $$b \rightarrow d$$

b
→
d

transition. Our findings are also compared with other approaches.
DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS METHODS FOR ESTIMATING MARKET MICROSTRUCTURE AND SPECULATIVE ATTACKS MODELS: THE CASE OF GOVERNMENT BOND MARKET
Authors: ALAMINOS DAVID , SALAS MARÍA BELÉN , FERNÁNDEZ-GÁMEZ MANUEL A.
Published: October 2022

A sovereign bond market offers a wide range of opportunities for public and private sector financing and has drawn the interest of both scholars and professionals as they are the main instrument of most fixed-income asset markets. Numerous works have studied the behavior of sovereign bonds at the microeconomic level, given that a domestic securities market can enhance overall financial stability and improve financial market intermediation. Nevertheless, they do not deepen methods that identify liquidity risks in bond markets. This study introduces a new model for predicting unexpected situations of speculative attacks in the government bond market, applying methods of deep learning neural networks, which proactively identify and quantify financial market risks. Our approach has a strong impact in anticipating possible speculative actions against the sovereign bond market and liquidity risks, so the aspect of the potential effect on the systemic risk is of high importance.
Triki–Biswas model: Its symmetry reduction, Nucci’s reduction and conservation laws
Authors: Akbulut A. , Mirzazadeh M. , Hashemi M. S. , Hosseini K. , Salahshour S. , Park C.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the symmetry reduction method and Nucci’s reduction method are used to obtain exact solutions to the Triki–Biswas equation. Furthermore, the new conservation theorem is utilized for finding the conservation laws of the given model. The conservation laws are derived for each admitted symmetry of the Triki–Biswas equation and satisfy the divergence condition. The 3D, contour and 2D figures are finally plotted to show the dynamics of the obtained exact solutions.
Statistical complexity in the Bose–Hubbard model
Authors: Shababi Homa
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the statistical complexity in the Bose–Hubbard model using two statistical quantifiers, namely, the LMC and SDL measures. We discuss the effect of temperature, magnetic field, time and interactions on complexity. Our analysis unveils the rich interplay between entropy and disequilibrium in this model.
Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Physical Properties of PS/PEO Polymer Blend
Authors: Al-Alawachi Sharif Fadhil Abood , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Zabibah Rahman S. , Sadoon Jaffar , Abed Ammar , Al-Salam Mohammed Abed
Published: October 2022

In this research, an attempt is made to prepare an organic–inorganic hybrid material that aims to improve some of the physical properties of polymeric mixtures composed of polyethelyne oxide (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) by adding copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to the single polymers as well as by adding them to the mixture whereby 5% of nanoparticles were added to the polymer. The effect of the addition was studied by SEM and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The energy band gaps attained by Tauc equation proved that the energy bandgaps are (from 4.4, 3.1 and 3.1[Formula: see text]eV) for nanocomposites.
Effect of Non-Specific Ion Adsorption and Parallel Faradaic Reactions on the Nucleation of H2 Nanobubbles
Authors: Majumdar Pavel , Qiu Yinghua , White Henry S.
Published: October 2022

We report voltammetric experiments of single H2 nanobubble nucleation at Pt nanodisk electrodes (radius < 100 nm) in the presence of highly-charged species: Ru(NH3)6
3+, La3+, Fe(CN)6
3−, and Fe(CN)6
4−. The highly charged cations are expected to be non-specifically adsorb at electrode potentials sufficiently negative for the H2 evolution reaction (HER) to proceed, thus affecting the thermodynamics and kinetics of bubble formation through alterations in interfacial solution structure. Conversely, anions are not expected to be non-specifically adsorbed during H2 evolution. We observed a more highly complex behavior than expected: (i) the presence of the two redox ions that are simultaneously reduced at potentials where HER occurs (i.e., Ru(NH3)6
3+ and Fe(CN)6
3−) results in a large overpotential for HER and bubble nucleation as well as a decrease in the H2 supersaturation required for nucleation; (ii) the presence of the electroinactive cation, La3+, results in a decrease in H2 supersaturation but no increase in HER overpotential; and (iii) Fe(CN)6
4− has only a minor effect on both HER kinetics and H2 supersaturation. We infer that the driving force of nucleation decreases in the presence of highly-charged ions. The results also suggest that the HER rate is significantly decreased when parallel redox reactions are operative.
[Retracted] Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Calcitriol Combined with Bisphosphonates in the Therapy of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Based on a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jing Weibing , Dai Yankun , Zhu Jinxin , Deng Suqin
Published: October 2022

A retrospective cohort study to explore the clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of calcitriol combined with bisphosphonates in the therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis is conducted. The postmenopausal osteoporosis sufferers admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 are retrospectively collected and divided into a contrast set and a study set, with 60 cases in each set. For the contrast set, all sufferers are treated with bisphosphonates. For the study set, on the basis of the therapy drugs in the contrast set, they are treated with calcitriol capsules. Firstly, the curative effects, bone mineral density standards, and bone metabolism standards of the two sets are contrasted; then, the lumbar spine bone mineral density, VAS score, and quality of life between the two sets of sufferers before therapy and 1 year after therapy are contrasted, and the correlation between bone mineral density and VAS and quality of life of the sufferers is analyzed. Lastly, the readmission situation between the two sets at one year is contrasted. The experimental results show that for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, calcitriol combined with bisphosphonate therapy can notoriously enhance the clinical therapy effect of sufferers, with low adverse reactions, and can effectively enhance the bone mineral density and bone density of sufferers.
Prediction of Scar Myometrium Thickness and Previous Cesarean Scar Defect Using the Three‐Dimensional Vaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Shi Liang , Du Keke
Published: October 2022

This research aimed to explore the related factors of scar myometrial thickness and scar diverticulum formation and then predict the occurrence of uterine diverticula. 140 patients with cesarean section were selected as the research objects. According to the three‐dimensional (3D) vaginal ultrasound echo and the diagnostic criteria of uterine diverticulum, the research objects were divided into a diverticulum group and a control group, with 70 cases in each group. Data such as age, number of cesarean sections, endometrial thickness, uterine position, and diverticulum size was collected, and their relationship with uterine diverticulum was compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in menstrual days, cesarean section times, and uterine position between the two groups (P < 0.05). The height (9.02 ± 2.97), width (14.02 ± 3.08), and depth (5.14 ± 1.23) of the posterior uterine diverticula in the scar diverticulum group were all greater than the anterior uterine height (6.69 ± 1.36), the width (10.69 ± 2.15), and the depth (3.86 ± 0.69), respectively. The residual myometrium thickness in posterior position of the uterus (2.98 ± 0.75) was < anterior position of uterus (3.43 ± 0.47), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the frequency of cesarean section (1 time, 2 times), uterine position, and abnormal menstruation were independent risk factors in the scar diverticulum group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, menstrual abnormalities, the number of cesarean sections (1 time or twice), and the position of the uterus are independent risk factors for the formation of uterine scar diverticula. The deeper the diverticula, the more likely to have menstrual abnormalities, the more prone to diverticulum in patients with posterior uterus, and the deeper the diverticula in patients with 2 dissections.
Relationships of Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis-Related Genes with Clinical Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Jiangang , Chen Ying , Pan Xue , Wen Wen
Published: October 2022

Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are two new programmed cell death (PCD) modes discovered in recent years. However, the potential value of ferroptosis and pyroptosis-related genes (FPRGs) in prognosis prediction and the tumor immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still unclear. We obtained 21 significant FPRGs based on the training dataset (TCGA- HNSC) using the univariate Cox and differential expression analysis. The TCGA- HNSC (

n
=
502

) dataset was clustered into two group (clusters A and B) based on the 21 significant FPRGs. 1467 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cluster A and B were put into univariate Cox and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to build a risk model. The predictive capability of the risk model was successfully confirmed by internal validation, external validation, and clinical sample validation. To improve the clinical applicability, a nomogram model combined risk score and clinical information were constructed. Moreover, the patients with lower risk score were characterized by increased immune response and tumor mutation burden (TMB), while the patients with higher risk score were characterized by increased TP53 mutation rate. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis of the FPRGs revealed their significant role in prognosis prediction and the tumor immune microenvironment. The risk model containing 9 FPRGs could be a potential prognostic markers and effective immunotherapy targets for HNSCC.
Research and Analysis on Japanese Teaching Mode of Online Education under Multimedia Network Environment
Authors: Jiang Tingting
Published: October 2022

Japanese is among the international languages in extreme demand in the modern education system. There is a technological revolution in language learning, with blended learning (BL) in the classroom and online resources offering the possibility of autonomous learning education. The advancement of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and the development of the Internet, predominantly the Web, has transformed the way students get curriculum materials in online environments. Teaching Japanese languages has experienced crucial changes with multimedia technologies aimed at simulating a native-speaking environment in audition and oral communication. Evaluating student readiness for online learning is the beginning point for online course design using the multimedia network. Hence, this paper proposes the Multimedia Network-assisted Online Japanese Language Teaching Method (MN-OJLTM) to enhance student engagement in the online learning environment. This study identifies probabilities for better incorporation of technology and Japanese language learning and learners’ interest and desires via tactical education of Japanese online courses. This paper examines the role and influence of an intelligent learning environment of ICT multimedia in Japanese education. Experimental outcomes show that the suggested MN-OJLTM method enhances the accuracy of usage and Japanese language students’ fluency and expression in writing and speaking. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed MN-OJLTM method improves student learning ability ratio by 98.4%, language fluency level by 96.2%, performance ratio by 97.5%, student engagement ratio by 95.6%, and efficiency ratio by 97.9% compared to other popular methods.
[Retracted] Clinical Effect of Flexible Ureteroscope and Laparoscope in the Treatment of Parapelvic Cyst
Authors: Tang Ruipeng , Yang Jie , Wan Li , Yang Zhengrong
Published: October 2022

Objective. Comparing the clinical effect of flexible ureteroscope and laparoscope in the treatment of parapelvic cyst. Method. A total of 82 patients with parapelvic cyst who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group; the control group underwent laparoscopic parapelvic cyst topical decompression; the observation group underwent transurethral flexible ureteroscope holmium laser incision and drainage of parapelvic cyst. The intraoperative (operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and ventilation time), postoperative (time of getting out of bed, pain score, and length of hospital stay), and recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results. (1) The operative time and intraoperative blood loss in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the ventilation time had no significant difference (P > 0.05). (2) The pain score and length of hospital stay in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the time of getting out of bed (P > 0.05). (3) There was no serious infection or bleeding in either group. The observation group had no recurrence, and the postoperative recurrence rate was 0. There were 11 cases of recurrence in the control group, and the postoperative recurrence rate was 26.83%. The postoperative recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistical significance (χ2 = 4.604, P < 0.05). Conclusion. Flexible ureteroscope for the treatment of parapelvic cyst could effectively reduce the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and pain; in addition, the postoperative recovery was fast and the recurrence is rare, which was worth popularizing.