bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constant pressure control for variable-rate spray using closed-loop proportion integration differentiation regulation
Authors: Deng Wei , Zhao Chunjiang , Chen Liping , Wang Xiu
Published: October 2016

Traditional sprayers adopt large-area uniform pesticide application, resulting in a low effective utilisation of pesticide and a harmful effect to the natural environment. Variable-rate spray is the key point to precision chemical application. However, it is inevitable that the spray pressure sharply fluctuates during variable-rate spray, which will definitely influence the spray characteristics, such as spray droplet sizes, spray angles, spray droplet velocities, etc., and reduce the efficiency of pesticide applications. Therefore, the research on how to keep the spray pressure constant during the process of variable- rate spray has practical significance to precision pesticide applications. In order to achieve the stability of spray pressure for variable- rate spray, a sprayer with constant-pressure control was set up using a closed-loop proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller of constant-pressure water-supply, which employed the techniques of single-phase alternating current (AC) chopper variablevoltage control and PID feedback regulation. Using hollow-cone nozzles, the spray volume was changed by adjusting spray pressure, frequency, and duty cycle of electromagnetic valve switching. The spray features concerning the spray angle and the spray volume distribution were studied in laboratory. The conclusions are as follows: i) for a given input spray pressure, the closed-loop controller with AC chopper and PID feedback regulation can effectively control the pressure fluctuations during the variable-rate spray through varying the frequency and the duty cycle; ii) the spray angle was slightly affected by the flow-rate change through adjusting the frequency and the duty cycle of electromagnetic valves or changing the number of open nozzles. The spray angle changes were controlled within the range of the maximum deviation 0.87° from mean value and the minimum deviation 0.03° from mean value; iii) when the spray pressure was set as 0.3 Mpa, the peak radial position of the spray volume distribution basically unchanged and the spray volume and the peak values of the spray distribution gradually increased with the increasing duty cycle. When the setting pressure was increased, the spray volume increased and the peak radial position of the spray distribution gradually expanded toward outside, however the peak value of the spray distribution decreased a little.
Experimental results on air permeability of agricultural nets
Authors: Castellano Sergio , Starace Giuseppe , De Pascalis Lorenzo , Lippolis Marco , Scarascia-Mugnozza Giacomo
Published: October 2016

In order to evaluate the influence of the texture characteristics of agricultural nets on the air flow passing through them, a micro wind tunnel was designed and built in the testing and engineering laboratory of Sachim s.r.l., an Italian high-density polyethylene (HDPE) technical textiles manufacturer. The micro wind tunnel (0.1345 m diameter) allowed the simultaneous measurement of the air flowrate and the pressure drop through a net sample. The equipment was designed to set up the inclination of the net samples with respect of the airflow at fixed angles (90°, 60°, 45°, 30°). The variation of the pressure drop with the air velocity on four different flat woven round monofilament HDPE nets perpendicular to the air flow are here reported. In all cases the air velocity measured into the micro wind tunnel was above 4 m s–1 hence reported results do not consider low wind speed. Preliminarily, the loss coefficient was assumed as a function of porosity and Reynolds number, calculated with reference to the equivalent diameter of the pores, FS(Rel,ε) and showed percent deviations form experimental results in the range 14.6%÷25.3%. Hence a simplified expression of the loss coefficient, depending only on the porosity was proposed, FS(ε) which highlighted differences with experimental results in the range 3.5%÷20.3%. Finally, results were compared with those based on the Bernoulli’s principle found in the literature.
Thermo-mechanical response of rigid plastic laminates for greenhouse covering
Authors: Fuina Silvana , Marano Giuseppe C. , Puglisi Giuseppe , De Tommasi Domenico , Scarascia-Mugnozza Giacomo
Published: October 2016

Innovation in the field of protected crops represents an argument of great applied and theoretical research attention due to constantly evolving technologies and automation for higher quality flower and vegetable production and to the corresponding environmental and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of some thermomechanical properties of rigid polymeric laminates for greenhouses claddings, including innovative tests such as the thermographic ones. Four types of laminates have been analysed: two polycarbonates, a polymethylmethacrylate and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The tests gave interesting results on different important properties, such as radiometric properties, limit stresses, strains and ductility. Moreover, a direct comparison of infrared images and force elongation curves gave important information on the relation of the (localised or homogeneous) damage evolution, with both an applicative and theoretical implication. Finally, even if to the authors knowledge at present there are no examples of using PET for covering greenhouses, the results of this paper indicates the thermomechanical and radiometric characteristics of this material make it interesting for agricultural applications.
Focal points and sup-norms of eigenfunctions II: the two-dimensional case
Authors: Sogge Christopher D. , Zelditch Steve
Published: October 2016

We use a purely dynamical argument on circle maps to improve a result in our accompanying article, [5], on real analytic surfaces possessing eigenfunctions that achieve maximal sup norm bounds. The improved result is that there exists a ‘pole’

p

so that all geodesics emanating from

p

are smoothly closed.
Fitting a Sobolev function to data III
Authors: Fefferman Charles , Israel Arie , Luli Garving K.
Published: October 2016

In this paper and two companion papers, we produce efficient algorithms to solve the following interpolation problem: Let

\mathfrak m \geq 1

and

\mathfrak p > \mathfrak n \geq 1

. Given a finite set E

\subset \mathbb{R}^\mathfrak n

and a function f: E

\rightarrow \mathbb{R}

, compute an extension F of f belonging to the Sobolev space W

^{\mathfrak m,\mathfrak p}(\mathbb{R}^\mathfrak n)

with norm having the smallest possible order of magnitude; secondly, compute the order of magnitude of the norm of F. The combined running time of our algorithms is at most CN log N, where N denotes the cardinality of E, and C depends only on

\mathfrak m

,

\mathfrak n

, and

\mathfrak p

.
On monotonic bijections on subgroups of R
Authors: Buzyakova Raushan
Published: October 2016

We show that for any continuous monotonic  bijection $f$ on a $\sigma$-compact subgroup  $G\subset \mathbb R$ there exists a binary operation $+_f$ such that $\langle G, +_f\rangle$  is a topological group topologically isomorphic to $\langle G, +\rangle$ and $f$ is a shift with respect to $+_f$. We then show that monotonicity cannot be replaced by a periodic-point free continuous bijections. We explore a few routes leading to generalizations and counterexamples
Global optimization using $\alpha$-ordered proximal contractions in metric spaces with partial orders
Authors: Komal Somayya , Kumam Poom
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this article is to establish the global optimization with partial orders for the pair of non-self mappings, by introducing new type of contractions like $\alpha$-ordered contractions and $\alpha$-ordered proximal contraction in the frame work of complete metric spaces. Also calculates some fixed point theorems with the help of these generalized contractions. In addition, established an example to show the validity of our main result. These results extended and unify many existing results in the literature.
Best Proximity point for Z-contraction and Suzuki type Z-contraction mappings with an application to fractional calculus
Authors: Komal Somayya , Kumam Poom , Gopal Dhananjay
Published: October 2016

In this article, we introduced the best proximity point theorems for $\mathcal{Z}$-contraction and Suzuki type $\mathcal{Z}$-contraction in the setting of complete metric spaces. Also by the help of weak $P$-property and $P$-property, we proved existence and uniqueness of best proximity point. There is a simple example to show the validity of our results. Our results extended and unify many existing results in the literature. Moreover, an application to fractional order functional differential equation is discussed.
The Iran–Iraq War 1980–1988
Authors: Karsh Efraim
Published: October 2016

The Iran-Iraq War, which ended in August 1988, one month short of its eighth anniversary, was one of the longest, bloodiest and costliest Third World armed conflicts in the twentieth century. Professor Karsh addresses the causes of the Iran-Iraq War, unpacking the objectives of the two belligerents and examining how far objectives were matched by strategy. He assesses the war's military lessons regarding such key areas as strategy, tactics and escalation and in particular the use of non-conventional weapons, Finally, he examines the utility of armed force as an instrument of foreign policy.
The effect of polymer burs on microbiological reduction of carious dentin in deciduous teeth: a systematic review
Authors: Oliviera Daniela Silva Barroso de , Barreiros Driely , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra da , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Kuchler Erika Calvano
Published: October 2016

Background. Polymer bur is a new technology that proposes to conserve the dentin that is capable of remineralization. Aim: To conduct a quantitative systematic review to evaluate the effect of polymer burs on the reduction of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus after dentin carious excavation in deciduous teeth. Methods and Material: Two reviewers performed the database to identify the relevant clinical papers. Only papers in English that compared polymer burs with other caries removal techniques with the microbiological aspects as an outcome were included. Papers that evaluated only permanent teeth were excluded. Risk of bias was also assessed. Individual study effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d formula for the comparisons of microorganism reduction before and after carious excavation. Results: The search resulted in 12 non-duplicated papers. After the revision, only 2 were selected. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated that polymer bur reduces microorganism levels in carious dentin. The larger effect size observed was for Streptococcus mutans in the polymer bur technique (r=0.84; d=3.12), followed by Lactobacillus in the carbide bur technique (r=0.83; d=3.03). Conclusion: Polymer burs promoted a significant reduction of microorganism levels, mainly Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin.
Association of AXIN2 gene polymorphisms with nonsyndromic oligodontia in Turkish families
Authors: Dinckan Nuriye , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Kayserili Hulya , Letra Ariadne
Published: October 2016

Tooth agenesis is the most common developmental abnormality of the human dentition characterized by the congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth. Oligodontia is the term used to describe severe tooth agenesis, where six or more permanent teeth are missing. The WNT gene pathway regulates multiple developmental processes during craniofacial and tooth development, and variations in WNT pathway genes have been reported in individuals with tooth agenesis. In this study, we investigated the association of 37 SNPs in/nearby 12 WNT pathway genes (WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT8A, WNT9B, WNT10A, WNT11, AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, LRP5, LRP6) with oligodontia in 22 multiplex families. Genotypes were generated using Taqman chemistry in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.  Family-based association tests were performed using FBAT. Pairwise-haplotype analysis was also performed. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing and P-values ≤ 0.001 were considered statistically significant. We found nominal association for AXIN2 rs7591, located in the 3’ UTR, with oligodontia (P=0.04). In silico analysis of SNP function predicted a binding site for miR-205 with potential impact on AXIN2 expression. Although modest, these results continue to support a role for AXIN2 in the etiology of familial tooth agenesis.
Ariane et la Clef d'Or
Authors: Brunel Pierre
Published: October 2016

L’œuvre de Paul Dukas ne peut pas être réduite à son œuvre la plus célèbre, L’Apprenti sorcier. Ayant pratiqué aussi la critique, Dukas apparaît comme un auteur avec un style original et propre différencié de celui de Debussy. Dans Ariane et Barbe-Bleue, malveillamment considérée comme une simple réponse à Pelléas et Mélisande, sa préoccupation principale reste la transformation en musique du poème de Maeterlinck, d’en sortir la musique interne du langage écrit.
Queering alienation in digital media
Authors: Jarrett Kylie
Published: October 2016

Marx’s concept of alienation, particularly as articulated in Dallas Smythe’s audience-commodity thesis, is central to critical studies of the political economy of digital media and its exploitation of user labour. However, in its application within critical studies of Internet economies, the concept often becomes limited to alienation from ‘species-being’ or autonomous self-actualisation. Drawing on mostly queer, but also some feminist, critiques this paper seeks to challenge this application of the alienation concept. It uses examples of the mediation of gay and queer sexualities through online hook-up apps to illustrate its position, concluding with some suggestions for how queering the subject of the alienation thesis may shape further analysis.
Open cultural production and the online gift economy: The case of Blender
Authors: Velkova Julia
Published: October 2016

The economies of the Internet are largely driven by sharing. Much of it is often veiled in a celebratory discourse that emphasizes how sharing artifacts online through gift exchanges removes hierarchies and creates broader access to public knowledge, such as in projects of free culture and open source software development. The article critically interrogates these assumptions and the gift economy of open cultural production more generally. Using a practice called open source animation film making, developed by Blender, an organisation at the core of the largest open source 3D computer graphics community, this paper shows that the discourse surrounding free culture online has largely misunderstood the complexity and ambiguities of the economy below the cultural politics of openness. With the help of classical theories of gift and value I discuss issues of debt, obligation, status, discipline, and social hierarchies created by exchanging online a variety of digital artifacts of different value, such as software, culture, and labor. This article shows that the wealth of open cultural production relies on combining multiple dimensions of gifting with fiscal and hidden forms of capital, producing a culture of secrecy in parallel to that of openness.
Fickle focus: Distraction, affect and the production of value in social media
Authors: Paasonen Susanna
Published: October 2016

The uses of social media can be seen as driven by a search for affective intensity translating as moments of paying attention, no matter how brief these instances may be. In the framework of attention economy, attention has been discussed as a valuable commodity whereas distraction, involving both pleasurable entertainment and dissatisfactory disorientation, has been associated with cognitive overload and the erosive lack of focus. By discussing clickbait sites and Facebook in particular, this paper inquires after the value of distractions in and for social media. Understanding distraction, like attention, as both affective and cognitive, this article explores its role in the affective capitalism of clicks, likes, and shares. Rather than conceptualizing attention and distraction as mutually opposing, I argue for conceptualizing them as the two sides of the same coin, namely as rhythmic patterns in the affective fabric particular to the contemporary landscape of ubiquitous networked connectivity.
Avatar Web-Based Self-Report Survey System Technology for Public Health Research: Technical Outcome Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Savel Craig , Mierzwa Stan , Gorbach Pamina M , Souidi Samir , Lally Michelle , Zimet Gregory
Published: October 2016

This paper reports on a specific Web-based self-report data collection system that was developed for a public health research study in the United States. Our focus is on technical outcome results and lessons learned that may be useful to other projects requiring such a solution. The system was accessible from any device that had a browser that can support HTML5. Report findings include: which hardware devices, Web browsers, and operating systems were used, the rate of survey completion, and key considerations for employing Web-based surveys in a clinical trial setting.
Automating indicator data reporting from health facility EMR to a national aggregate data system in Kenya: An Interoperability field-test using OpenMRS and DHIS2
Authors: Kariuki James M , Manders Eric-Jan , Richards Janise , Oluoch Tom , Kimanga Davies , Wanyee Steve , Kwach James O , Santas Xenophon
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Developing countries are increasingly strengthening national health information systems (HIS) for evidence-based decision-making. However, the inability to report indicator data automatically from electronic medical record systems (EMR) hinders this process. Data are often printed and manually re-entered into aggregate reporting systems. This affects data completeness, accuracy, reporting timeliness, and burdens staff who support routine indicator reporting from patient-level data.  Method: After conducting a feasibility test to exchange indicator data from Open Medical Records System (OpenMRS) to District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2), we conducted a field test at a health facility in Kenya. We configured a field-test DHIS2 instance, similar to the Kenya Ministry of Health (MOH) DHIS2, to receive HIV care and treatment indicator data and the KenyaEMR, a customized version of OpenMRS, to generate and transmit the data from a health facility. After training facility staff how to send data using the module, we compared completeness, accuracy and timeliness of automated indicator reporting with facility monthly reports manually entered into MOH DHIS2.Results: All 45 data values in the automated reporting process were 100% complete and accurate while in manual entry process, data completeness ranged from 66.7% to 100% and accuracy ranged from 33.3% to 95.5% for seven months (July 2013-January 2014). Manual tally and entry process required at least one person to perform each of the five reporting activities, generating data from EMR and manual entry required at least one person to perform each of the three reporting activities, while automated reporting process had one activity performed by one person. Manual tally and entry observed in October 2013 took 375 minutes. Average time to generate data and manually enter into DHIS2 was over half an hour (M=32.35 mins, SD=0.29) compared to less than a minute for automated submission (M=0.19 mins, SD=0.15).Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that indicator data sent electronically from OpenMRS-based EMR at a health facility to DHIS2 improves data completeness, eliminates transcription errors and delays in reporting, and reduces the reporting burden on human resources. This increases availability of quality indicator data using available resources to facilitate monitoring service delivery and measuring progress towards set goals.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA DO VÍRUS DO DENGUE EM SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO, NO PERÍODO DE 2002 a 2012
Authors: Pinho de Carvalho Ana Cláudia , Couto Portela Fernando , Azevedo Feitosa Ferro Thiago , Quaresma Bomfim Maria Rosa
Published: October 2016

O presente estudo teve por objetivo relacionar a incidência do dengue com variáveis demográficas, temporais e meteorológicas, a fim de identificar as áreas com as mais elevadas incidências e determinar os sorotipos mais prevalentes, no período de 2002 a2012, no Município de São Luís, MA. Os dados foram extraídos dos boletins dos casos de dengue até então notificados, disponíveis na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Vigilância Epidemiológica e Sanitária do Município de São Luís, MA. Foi calculada estatística descritiva para todas as variáveis relevantes, como idade, sexo, condições climáticas, distribuição dos sorotipos e índice de infestação predial (IIP) pela larva de Aedes aegypti. Um total de 21.986 casos de dengue foi notificado ao Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria de Saúde e Vigilância Epidemiológica de São Luís, MA, o que correspondeu a 34,3% dos casos notificados no estado do Maranhão durante o período estudado.A faixa etária mais atingida foi a de 20 a49 anos, sem predomínio de sexo. A correlação entre os casos de dengue registrados e as condições meteorológicas, como pluviosidade, temperatura e umidade do ar, mostrou que a incidência de casos flutuou com essas variáveis climáticas. Assim, verificou-se ter ocorrido um aumento de casos de dengue durante o primeiro semestre dos anos estudados, que corresponde ao período chuvoso e de elevação de temperaturas, ao passo que, em intervalos de estiagem, a tendência foi de queda (meses de julho a dezembro). Nas mesmas condições, verificou-se um aumento da forma grave do dengue, como a febre hemorrágica do dengue, em população previamente exposta aos sorotipos 1, 2 e 3. O IIP pelo A. aegypti foi maior no período de2001 a 2007 e no ano de 2011. Nos anos em que foi registrada elevação dos índices de IIP, ocorreram os números mais elevados de casos de dengue no município de São Luis, MA.
AVALIAÇÃO DA FREQUÊNCIA DE Balantidium coli EM suínos, TRATADORES DE SUÍNOS E PRIMATAS NÃO HUMANOS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Da Silva Barbosa Alynne , Machado Pereira Bastos Otilio , M. Antunes Uchôa Claudia , Verdan Dib Laís , Reis Amendoeira Maria Regina
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho relata a frequência de Balantidium coli nos tratadores de suínos e primatas não humanos que trabalham em criatórios localizados em distintos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. No período de 2012 a 2014, foram coletadas 104 amostras fecais de 52 tratadores, 790 amostras fecais de suínos e 1.115 de primatas não humanos. Todas as amostras foram coletadas sem conservante químico, sendo submetidas às técnicas de Faust et al., Sheather modificada, Ritchie modificada, Lutz e exame direto. Formas evolutivas de B. coli não foram detectadas nas amostras fecais dos tratadores, porém foram evidenciadas em 49,2% dos suínos e em 41,5% do material fecal dos símios. A ausência da balantidiose em humanos, embora estivessem em contato próximo com animais parasitados, como foi demonstrado neste estudo, pode ter ocorrido em virtude da adoção de adequadas medidas higiênico-sanitárias na manipulação desses animais ou graças à resistência humana à infecção por esse protozoário.
Credit Card Debt in Kota Damansara, Selangor: An Investigation of Credit Card Debt Determinants and Factors
Authors: Selvanathan Mahiswaran , Nadarajan Dineswary , Yee Yong Wei , Rabbi Faria
Published: October 2016

This paper explores factors influencing credit card debts in Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. Specifically, variables such as attitude, income, financial knowledge and bank policies are examined. The questionnaire in the study was distributed among 120 credit card holders. The study serves as guide researchers to extend the research work covering more variables in different economies. The data is collected using simple random sampling techniques. The results indicate that attitude, income, financial knowledge and bank policies have significant relationshipwith credit card debts. The contribution to this result can help to developing market economies or even developed countries where credit card debt is high. It gives awareness to the banker on understanding their credit card consumers, as well as providing insights to the credit card holders.
The Influence of Human Resource Practices on Employee Retention: A Case Study
Authors: Kadiresan Vimala , Kamil Naail Mohammed , Mazlan Mohd Rafiq Mohamad , Musah Mohammed Borhandden , Selamat Mohamad Hisyam
Published: October 2016

Purpose - This exploratory study investigates the human resource practices that influence employee retention, employing the case study of Albukhary International University (AIU). Design/methodology/approach- Using a non-probability sampling technique, particularly, convenience sampling, the researchers conducted six intensive individual depth interviews (IDIs) from the academics of AIU, Kedah, Malaysia.Finding - Employing content analysis of rich qualitative data, the results from the intensive IDIs led to some revelations, that in order to encourage employee retention, six recommendations should be considered; organisational strategy, career development, benefits (indirect and non-financial), convenience, organisational commitment, work experience, and fit with Job. The study also proposes that University should place emphasis on psychological contract which can directly lead to improvement in employee engagement.Implications - Several implications from the research were discussed.Value/originality- . This study is the first of its kind critically investigating the aspects of employee retention, employee engagement and psychological aspects at AIU in particular and the context of the Private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia at the larger scale. The findings trigger more research interests among the current and future scholars who might be interested in this field.
The Role of Client and Employee Concern in the Relationship between Organizational Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Adoption
Authors: Chow Pui-Sze , Yip Amy C.Y.
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the strategic consideration of organizational governance for CSR adoption. Specifically, it develops a conceptual framework that outlines how an organization’s concern for its clients and employees influences the relationship between organizational governance and various domains of CSR behaviors. Based on survey data from organizations that are actively engaged in CSR in Hong Kong, there is evidence that adoption of client-oriented CSR practices complementarily mediates the positive relationship between organizational governance and CSR practices in all areas except those related to community involvement and development. On the other hand, adoption of employees-oriented CSR practices is a complementary mediator for the positive relationship between organizational governance and CSR practices related to the environment and the community.
Rotura de la Unión Musculo Tendinosa Distal del Bíceps Braquial
Authors: Penida Leiva Roberto , Oscar Benítez Oscar , Argean Norwood Dalton , Navarro Annie Isabel
Published: October 2016

Las roturas de la unión músculo-tendinosa son frecuentes en deportista, aunque en concreto, la del músculo bíceps braquial distal es muy rara. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de rotura músculo-tendinosa del bíceps braquial distal y el tratamiento aplicado. Presentamos el caso clinico de paciente masculino de 17 años de edad que mientras jugaba futbol su miembro superior izquierdo quedo atrapado en una verja y al tratar de liberarlo con movimientos bruscos, experimentó dolor de inicio súbito en el tercio distal de su brazo, de carácter punzante, intensidad 10/10 en la escala nominal del dolor, sin atenuantes, exacerbándose con la pronación, supinación y flexión del miembro superior. El mecanismo del trauma coincide con una elongación de su articulación glenohumeral con el codo extendido y el antebrazo supinado. El paciente fue manejado conservadoramente y con ejercicios de rehabilitación ambulatorios. A los tres meses de la rotura obtuvo una puntuación de 100 con el Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), demostrando que en estos casos está altamente indicado el tratamiento conservador con buenos resultados funcionales.Rev. Cient. Esc. Univ. Cienc. Salud, Vol.1(1) 2014: 33-36
Historia de Odontologia en la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras en El Valle de Sula
Authors: Cruz Fajardo Edwin Fernando
Published: October 2016

Rev. Cient. Esc. Univ. Cienc. Salud, Vol.1(2) 2014: 5-11
Genetic Control of Beta-carotene, Iron and Zinc Content in Sweetpotato
Authors: Baafi Ernest , Ofori Kwadwo , Carey Edward E. , Gracen Vernon E. , Blay Essie T. , Manu-Aduening Joe
Published: October 2016

Micronutrients deficiency is a major contributor to poor health in developing countries. It can be alleviated by biofortification or enrichment of staple crops with micronutrients. Sweetpotato is a major staple crop in numerous tropical countries and is naturally biofortified. In spite of extensive promotion of orange-fleshed sweetpotatovarieties (OFSPs), they are poorly utilized as staple food in most parts of West Africa because of their low dry matter and high sugar content. Beta-carotene is positively correlated with iron and zinc content in sweetpotato. Development of sweetpotato cultivars with end-user preferred traits and higher content of beta-carotene, iron and zinc will alleviate their deficiencies. Knowledge on the genetic control of these traits is critical for their improvement in sweetpotato. This study used diallel mating design to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of storage root beta-carotene, iron and zinc content to determine the genetic control of these traits for sweetpotato breeding. A general model for estimating genetic effect, Gardner and Eberhart analysis II (GEAN II), was used for data analysis. Genetic variability for the traits indicated that they were mostly controlled by additive gene effect. Significant heterosis was found indicating that levels of these micronutrients can be improved in sweetpotato through breeding.
Achieving the Clean Power Plan 2030 CO2 Target with the New Normal in Natural Gas Prices
Authors: Peters Jeffrey C. , Hertel Thomas W.
Published: October 2016

The U.S. Clean Power Plan (CPP) seeks to reduce CO2 emissions from electric power by 32% from 2005 levels, in part, by adjusting the generation mix. Generating technologies can substitute via two distinct, but interdependent mechanisms: i) utilization—i.e. adjustment of operations of existing capacity and ii) expansion—i.e. decommissioning and construction of capacity. We develop a framework for analyzing these interdependent mechanisms, then construct and validate an empirical model of the U.S. electricity sector using recent data. Assuming current low gas prices persist, increasing utilization of gas (at the expense of higher-emitting coal) will drive higher returns to gas capacity. As a result, under our business-as-usual scenario for 2030 (no CPP) we project approximately 26% less CO2 emissions than 2005 levels, indicating that the CPP target could be met with only limited policy intervention.
Sobrediagnóstico e tratamento excessivo: Médicos generalistas - é hora de uma revolução na medicina
Authors: Treadwell Julian , McCartney Margaret
Published: October 2016

Práticas médicas ineficientes e prejudiciais sempre estiveram conosco, mas a escala e institucionalização do sobrediagnóstico e do tratamento excessivo se expandiram exponencialmente nas últimas décadas.Este tema tem sido articulado em movimentos mundiais, tais como as conferências para Prevenção de Sobrediagnóstico, e campanhas como “Medicina em Demasia” (“Too Much Medicine”), do BMJ, “Menos é Mais” (“Less is More”) da JAMA, o movimento italiano “Desacelerem a Medicina” (“Slow Medicine”) e o projeto “Escolhendo com Inteligência” (“Choosing Wisely”), dos EUA (e agora internacional). (...)
Povolání zvolených poslanců za první republiky a dnes
Authors: Poláková Markéta , Kostelecký Tomáš
Published: October 2016

The article focuses on an analysis of the professions of Czech deputies in the interwar period and in the period after 1989. Based on the theoretical framework of representation we assume that voting decisions are influenced not only by party electoral programs, but also by the individual characteristics of candidates. Candidate professions may indicate whether they are considered to be sufficiently qualified and whether they are considered to represent the interests of voters. The aim of the article is to analyse the differences between two historical periods and the differences among parliamentary parties. The analysis proved that the structure of professions of parliamentary representatives changed dramatically over time. The professions of representatives in the interwar period tended to resemble the professions of their core voters, and hence were rather different across political parties. In contrast, the professions of parliamentary representatives elected on the party list of different parties became rather similar after 1989. A clear tendency towards the emergence of professional politicians can be observed. A descriptive type of representation is on the decline.
Collective Administration of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) in the Light of the BSA Decision
Authors: Koukal Pavel
Published: October 2016

In this paper the author addresses the issue of collective administration of graphical user interfaces according to the impact of the CJEU decision in BSA v. Ministry of Culture on the case-law in one of EU Member states (Czech Republic). The author analyses the decision of the Czech Supreme Court where this Court concluded that visitors of Internet cafés use graphical user interface actively, which represents relevant usage of a copyrighted works within the meaning of Art. 18 the Czech Copyright Act. In this paper, attention is first paid to the definition of graphical user interface, its brief history and possible regimes of intellectual property protection. Subsequently, the author focuses on copyright protection of graphical user interfaces in the Czech law and interprets the BSA decision from the perspective of collective administration of copyright. Although the graphical user interfaces are independent objects of the copyright protection, if they are used while running the computer program the legal regulation of computer programs has priority. Based on conclusions reached by the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic in the BSA case, the author claims that collective administration of graphical user interfaces is neither reasonable nor effective.
Anomalies in the US Cyberbullying Jurisprudence
Authors: Pongó Tamás
Published: October 2016

This article focused on US case law and analyzed the evolution of students’ freedom of speech from 1969 to this date in the US. Therefore, it briefly introduced the tests and doctrines, which were created in the landmark cases of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), noting that these cases were dealing with offline, on-campus situations and their determinations are not necessarily fully applicable to situations we might experience today. Nevertheless, the tests and doctrines, which were created in SCOTUS landmark decisions, are still in force and every cyberbullying judgment is still based on them even in the era of the Internet. Taking into consideration that the world has changed since these tests were established, I examined some more recent cyberbullying cases in the US, where these above tests were applied.Based on the analysis of SCOTUS and some Circuit Court jurisprudence, Certain anomalies were revealed, which serve as a basis to clearly state that the US system suffers from severe deficiencies, like handling the off-campus origin of the speech, or defining the substantial disruption or the sufficient nexus. However, the US courts have worked out tests and doctrines as a basis for their cyberbullying jurisprudence, so they are on the right track, but the jurisprudence will remain ambiguous and unpredictable without a SCOTUS landmark decision regarding cyberbullying.
Against ‘Against Data Exceptionalism’
Authors: Svantesson Dan Jerker B.
Published: October 2016

The April 2016 issue of the Stanford Law Review (Volume 68, Issue 4) contains an interesting article by Assistant Professor Andrew Keane Woods. In that article, titled ‘Against Data Exceptionalism’, Woods seeks to challenge the view that the nature of data is incompatible with existing territorial notions of jurisdiction. He argues that the nature of data is not unique, and that existing jurisdictional principles rooted in territoriality can be applied to data.This is my response to his claims. I argue that Woods fails to refute ‘data exceptionalism’, and that his description of relevant jurisdictional issues is based on a misunderstanding leading to a conflation of different jurisdictional questions.
ESTRUTURA E RELAÇÕES FLORÍSTICAS DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL, LONDRINA, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Estevan Daniela Aparecida , Vieira Ana Odete Santos , Gorenstein Maurício Romero
Published: October 2016

O maior fragmento da Fazenda Figueira (Londrina-PR) com área de 266 ha, é uma Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural, e um dos mais importantes remanescentes da região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura e a diversidade arbórea do referido fragmento, e avaliar a relação florística com outros fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual estudados no estado do Paraná. Foram alocadas 100 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, e em cada uma delas foram amostrados os indivíduos arbóreos com 15 cm ou mais de Circunferência a Altura do Peito, resultando em 1569 indivíduos, distribuídos em 32 famílias, 66 gêneros e 93 espécies. As famílias que mais se destacaram em número de espécies foram Fabaceae (16 espécies), Meliaceae (nove espécies) e Myrtaceae (nove espécies). Trichilia clausseni C.DC. foi a espécie de maior valor de importância no fragmento estudado, reflexo dos maiores valores de densidade e frequência relativa. A maior dominância relativa foi apresentada por Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, por apresentar indivíduos de grande porte com os maiores valores de área basal. O índice de diversidade de Shannon encontrado foi de 3,37 nats/ind, valor este considerado expressivo e similar a outros levantamentos na região, e o índice de equabilidade de Pielou foi de 0,743 indicando equilíbrio no número de indivíduos entre as espécies. A presença de espécies com apenas um indivíduo amostrado e de espécies consideradas raras no Paraná, bem como a diversidade total das espécies e o grau de conservação do fragmento, demonstram a importância da preservação e manejo do remanescente. A proximidade geográfica associada a fatores ambientais semelhantes, assim como ao tipo de unidade fitogeográfica predominante, evidenciaram relações florísticas mais próximas, por outro lado, fatores ambientais locais como proximidade a cursos d’água diferenciaram a flora de locais próximos.
ROÇAGEM E APLICAÇÃO DE HERBICIDA PARA CONTROLE DE Megathyrsus maximus: DANOS SOBRE A VEGETAÇÃO PREEXISTENTE EM UM REFLORESTAMENTO DE 20 ANOS
Authors: Mantoani Maurício Cruz , Dias Jézili , Torezan José Marcelo Domingues
Published: October 2016

A necessidade de controlar gramíneas exóticas em áreas de restauração ecológica por longos prazos pode acarretar elevados custos econômicos, danos colaterais à regeneração e danos menos óbvios ao ecossistema. Assim, dimensionar estes fatores negativos como parte do esforço para avaliar a razão custo/benefício das técnicas de controle dessas espécies, se faz necessário. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os danos causados por duas técnicas de controle de capim-colonião (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs), sobre a regeneração preexistente (custos ambientais), em um reflorestamento de 20 anos, e estimar os custos econômicos do emprego dessas técnicas. Trinta parcelas de 10 x 20 m foram distribuídas em três grupos: (T1) controle, (T2) roçagem com roçadeiras costais e (T3) roçagem seguida da aplicação de herbicida à base de glifosato. Foi feito o inventário permanente de todos os indivíduos arbóreos e arbustivos, os quais foram acompanhados durante o período de um ano. Não houve diferença na mortalidade imposta pela roçagem inicial, tampouco na mortalidade imposta exclusivamente pela roçagem ou pelo herbicida no T3. Após um ano, não houve diferenças entre a mortalidade e a riqueza de espécies dos três grupos. Quando os três grupos foram comparados entre si após um ano, para as plantas > 1 m, houve redução da abundância no T1 e redução da riqueza no T3; já para as plantas < 1 m, houve redução da abundância no T2, e redução da abundância e riqueza no T3. Portanto, tais técnicas parecem afetar mais fortemente as plantas < 1 m. O custo econômico final do T2 foi 34,1% maior do que o custo do T3, e mesmo que o custo para se realizar novas intervenções diminua para ambos, há aumento dos custos quando ocorre necessidade de intervenções esparsas em áreas pequenas. Ambas as técnicas são indicadas para controlar o capim-colonião, sendo que o uso de herbicida à base de glifosato deve ser restrito às áreas com baixa cobertura de dossel, por demandarem mais manutenções, e por ser a técnica mais prejudicial à regeneração, já que houve alta mortalidade de indivíduos de pequeno porte (73%) em áreas com densa infestação da gramínea (100%).
INCREMENTO, INGRESSO, MORTALIDADE EM UM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA EM TRÊS BARRAS - SC
Authors: Cubas Rafael , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Figueiredo Filho Afonso
Published: October 2016

A dinâmica foi estudada em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado na Floresta Nacional de Três Barras, município de Três Barras, estado de Santa Catarina, em um período de cinco anos (2004-2009). Em 2004 foram instaladas e medidas 26 parcelas permanentes de 1 hacada, sendo que as mesmas foram subdivididas em unidade de 10 mx 50 m(500 m²). Todas as árvores com DAP > 10 cm foram numeradas e mensuradas para a análise do número de espécies, gêneros, famílias botânicas, o incremento periódico anual (DAP e área basal), o ingresso e a mortalidade. Em 2009, todas as parcelas foram remedidas para avaliar as mudanças entre os dois períodos, sendo os resultados apresentados para toda a floresta (26 ha) e para as 10 espécies mais importantes. Em 2004, afloresta apresentou 721 árvores/ha passando em 2009 para 709 árvores/ha, distribuídas nas duas ocasiões, em 72 espécies, 29 famílias e 53 gêneros. Houve incremento diamétrico anual (0,27 cm/ano) e da área basal (0,28 m²/ha/ano) para a floresta como um todo e entre as 10 espécies mais importantes, sendo Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek e Piptocarpha angustifolia Dusen ex Malme as espécies com menor (0,08 cm) e maior incremento diamétrico (0,83 cm), respectivamente. Considerando-se todas as espécies presentes na área de estudo, a área basal teve um acréscimo de 0,47 m²/ha/ano, indicando um contínuo crescimento em busca de atingir seu estoque completo. A taxa média anual de mortalidade foi de 2,14% e a taxa de ingresso foi de 2,01%. Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade (1,86%/ano) e Cupania vernalis Cambess. a maior taxa de ingresso (2,18%/ano). Ao serem consideradas as 10 espécies mais importantes, Ocotea porosa (Ness) Barroso apresentou maior incremento anual em diâmetro (0,43 cm/ano) e Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze com maior incremento em área basal (0,1874 m²/ha/ano). De forma geral, no período de cinco anos, os resultados apontaram para pequenas alterações na dinâmica da floresta e para as 10 espécies mais importantes. Certamente, isso se deve ao estágio de sucessão avançado da floresta avaliada.
SISTEMA DE APOIO À GESTÃO DE ÁREAS VERDES NA PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DE CORPOS HÍDRICOS URBANOS
Authors: Bressane Adriano , Mochizuki Patricia Satie , Roveda José Arnaldo Frutuoso , Salvador Nemésio Neves Batista
Published: October 2016

A conservação de áreas verdes urbanas está entre as principais estratégias para o alcance de cidades saudáveis e sustentáveis. Entretanto, a multiplicidade de critérios envolvidos requer uma análise integrada por meio de um procedimento lógico e estruturado. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a proposta de um sistema de suporte à decisão para gestão de áreas verdes de domínio público em áreas de preservação permanente de corpos hídricos urbanos. Para o seu desenvolvimento foram adotadas as diretrizes do método de planejamento por cenários, mediante o qual foram analisados aspectos correlatos ao problema e encaminhamento de soluções. Os principais materiais utilizados corresponderam às obras da literatura técnica e a legislação aplicada, levantados através de termos de busca junto aos acervos bibliográficos e bancos normativos. A partir da análise destes materiais foram estudadas as efetivas funções das referidas áreas de preservação permanente e os fatores intervenientes ao seu desempenho e proteção. Como resultado, obteve-se um modelo estruturado em chaves de decisão para seleção de alternativas locacionais e de sua aptidão espaço-funcional.
Skysčio ir dujų srautų dinamikos kanaluose tyrimai tūrio, debito ir greičio matavimų tikslumui didinti
Authors: Pedišius Antanas , Tonkonogij Jurij , Pedišius Nerijus , Zygmantas Gediminas , Stankevičius Arūnas , Tonkonogovas Andrius , Bertašienė Agnė , Maslauskas Eugenijus , Vilkinis Paulius
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje pateikiama apžvalga pagrindinių mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės plėtros darbų, kuriuos nuo 2006 iki 2016 m. vykdė Lietuvos energetikos instituto Šiluminių įrengimų tyrimo ir bandymų laboratorija. Pagrindiniai moksliniai dujų ir skysčių dinamikos tyrimai buvo nukreipti į dujų ir skysčių tūrio, debito ir greičio matavimo tikslumo priklausomumą nuo srauto pulsacijų, kinematinės klampos ir tekėjimo režimo pokyčių. Nustatyti universalūs tachometrinių matuoklių dinaminių paklaidų dėsningumai, esant įvairiems srauto trukdžiams, panaudoti srautų matavimo neapibrėžtims vertinti. Šie dėsningumai taip pat panaudoti kuriant ir tobulinant pagal Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės įgaliojimus keturis valstybinius oro (dujų) greičio vieneto ir oro (dujų), vandens ir naftos produktų tūrio bei debito vienetų etalonus. Etalonų matavimo ir kalibravimo galimybės įvertintos remiantis tarptautine praktika, patvirtintos, visuotinai pripažintos ir paskelbtos Tarptautinio svarsčių ir matų biuro (BIPM) svetainėje. Išplėtota techninė tyrimų ir bandymų bazė bei ūkio ir mokslo subjektams teikiamos paslaugos sukūrė reikiamas sąlygas matavimų infrastruktūrai Lietuvoje tinkamai funkcionuoti ir užtikrinti praktikoje naudojamų, gaminamų bei tiekiamų į rinką dujų ir skysčių srautų matavimo priemonių atitikties reikalavimams vertinimus. Taip pat pateikiami pradiniai perspektyvių srautų dinamikos mikro­kanaluose su struktūrizuotais paviršiais tyrimų rezultatai ir taikymai naudojant dalelių sraute vizualizavimo metodą.
Estabilidad, circularidad y origen: una lectura fenomenológica de la concepción política de la justicia
Authors: Palomar Torralbo Agustin
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo propone un acercamiento al liberalismo político desde  la fenomenología. Comienza con la descripción del espacio político democrático como aquel que puede ser abordado desde la correlación de la facticidad institucional y los principios de la justicia. En un segundo momento,  profundiza en cómo  Rawls entiende la formación de este espacio desde el constructivismo político para evitar el compromiso con una filosofía trascendental. Finalmente, el trabajo hace una relectura de la concepción  política de la justicia desde la fenomenología husserliana atendiendo a los conceptos de origen,  actitud fenomenológica, epojé y reducción.
Los límites del sujeto y la libertad en Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Gutiérrez Simón Rodolfo
Published: October 2016

Partiendo de la crítica a la “ética de la vocación” de Ortega y Gasset se procederá a explicitar sus supuestos y sus consecuencias, mostrando cómo supone una quiebra en la individualidad del sujeto. A partir de ahí, se procederá a mostrar el concepto de libertad que tales posiciones implican.