bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of low-dose steroid combined with hyaluronidase in ultrasonography-guided intra-articular injections into the shoulder for adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Lee Jong Hyuk , Choi Eun Jung , Han Seok Cheol , Chung Hee Sup , Kwon Mi Jung , Jayaram Prathap , Lee Wonjae , Lee Michael Y.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose steroid, highdose steroid, and low-dose steroid combined with hyaluronidase with respect to intra-articular injection therapy for adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder.Methods: Thirty patients with primary AC in the initial stage were randomly assigned into three groups to receive ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections with 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (group A, n=10), 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (group B, n=10) and 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide combined with hyaluronidase (group C, n=10). The outcome measures included a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), abduction and external rotation range of motion, and intra-sheath fluid (ISF) before treatment and at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after treatment.Results: Among the 30 patients, one participant in group B dropped out; therefore, a total of 29 patients completed this study and were successfully injected. After the injection, the VAS, SDQ, range of flexion and external rotation, and ISF improved in all groups compared with the preinjection status, regardless of treatment or time point. In the comparison between groups, the SDQ and ISF showed significantly greater improvements in groups B and C than in group A.Conclusion: The therapeutic efficacy of combined low-dose corticosteroid and hyaluronidase is superior to that of low-dose corticosteroid and equivalent to that of high-dose corticosteroid in early AC.
Discriminação de Classes de Cobertura Vegetal em uma Região de Transição Amazônia/Cerrado no Estado de Mato Grosso por meio de Imagens do Satélite ALOS-2/PALSAR-2
Authors: Silva Vanessa Souza , Sano Edson Eyji , Almeida Tati de , Mesquita Júnior Humberto Navarro de
Published: February 2021

A região de transição entre Amazônia e Cerrado, especialmente no estado de Mato Grosso, é bastante sensível em termos ambientais por causa da elevada biodiversidade e alta produção de grãos e carne bovina. O objetivo deste estudo foi discriminar classes representativas de uso e cobertura de terras encontradas na região de Sinop/Mato Grosso com base nas imagens de radar do satélite ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. As seguintes classes temáticas foram consideradas: floresta primária; floresta secundária; cultura agrícola; e pastagem cultivada. As imagens foram obtidas nos meses de fevereiro (estação chuvosa) e setembro (estação seca) de 2016, com resolução espacial de 6,25 metros, polarizações HH e HV e banda L (comprimento de onda de 23 cm), as quais foram processadas pelos algoritmos de classificação supervisionada Random Forest (RF) e Support Vector Machine (SVM). Amostras de treinamento e de validação (65 amostras) foram obtidas em campo e complementadas com base nos mapas de uso e cobertura de terras produzidos pelos projetos MapBiomas e TerraClass Amazônia (135 amostras). Foi possível discriminar dois grupos de classes temáticas: floresta primária e floresta secundária; e cultura agrícola e pastagem cultivada. Apesar da acurácia global do RF ter sido superior ao do SVM, os dois classificadores mostraram desempenhos estatisticamente similares.
Geração de Funcionais da Gravidade a partir de Observações Aerogravimétricas e de Modelos Geodésicos Globais
Authors: Santacruz Jaramillo Andrea Galudht , Freitas Sílvio Rogério Correia de
Published: February 2021

A Rede Vertical de Referência do Brasil – RVRB é estruturada em dois segmentos distintos com discrepância entre si (offset). Cada qual é vinculado a um Datum Vertical – DV distinto: Imbituba e Santana. Sobre a realização 2018 da RVRB já existem determinações do offset no espaço do geopotencial com base em gravimetria e nivelamento. Estas soluções têm como pontos fracos a utilização de levantamentos sobre ramais abertos e DVs locais. A visão atual é a de que cada segmento deva ter seu offset referido a uma mesma referência global. Para tanto, é recomendada tal determinação com base em soluções do Problema do Valor de Contorno da Geodesia em referencial global. Para estas soluções são necessárias funcionais da gravidade (e.g. distúrbio da gravidade) independentes de reduções em referencias locais. Na região de conexão dos segmentos, nos estados do Pará e do Amapá, se dispõe de um extenso levantamento aerogravimétrico para finalidades geofísicas, devendo receber profunda depuração para aplicações em Geodesia. No presente trabalho são apresentadas todas as atividades de depuração e compatibilização com referencial global deste levantamento aerogravimétrico. O Modelo Digital de Altitude MERIT substituiu ao SRTM nas reduções da gravidade. O Modelo Global do Geopotencial XGM2019 em substituição ao EGM96 e a modelagem das marés permanentes, foram requisitos fundamentais para o vínculo ao espaço do geopotencial e a um único referencial global. Com as estratégias empregadas, foi obtida uma melhora significativa na aderência das funcionais geradas com modelos globais da Geodesia (RMS melhor que 7mGal).
Wacana Feminisme dalam Catatan Najwa Spesial Hari Kartini
Authors: Drajat Sucipto Agung
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find the representation of feminist discourse in the Najwa Notes program entitled “Women in the Shihab Family”. The Shihab family is known as a family that has a high level of religious knowledge with the figure of M. Quraish Shihab in it. The negative stigma against women, which is always associated with religious narratives, is an important point to see how women from the Shihab family view freedom. The aspect of freedom in this event is illustrated by the motive for this event, namely as a reflection of Kartini Day, which is known as the inspiration for the rise of women in a patriarchal culture. This study uses a qualitative method with a feminist discourse approach to Sara Mills. This research found that women in the Shihab family uphold the principle of independence without sacrificing their duties in the domestic sphere. For them, women need to have self-confidence, be able to make their own decisions, be empowered to be able to overcome obstacles in themselves to progress, and be of benefit to those around them. This narrative then deliberately provided stimulation for women in Indonesia who became the object of the story of the women of the Shihab family. Readers who are in the wider community are given the doctrine of freedom through joint production efforts between the writer and the reader so that they are indoctrinated to believe in and apply the messages contained in the program.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan representasi wacana feminis dalam acara Catatan Najwa dengan tajuk “Perempuan di Keluarga Shihab”. Keluarga Shihab dikenal sebagai keluarga yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan agama yang tinggi dengan figur M. Quraish Shihab di dalamnya. Stigma negatif terhadap perempuan yang selalu di relasikan dengan narasi-narasi keagmaan, menjadi point penting untuk melihat bagaimana perempuan dari keluarga Shihab memandang kebebasan. Aspek kebebasan dalam acara ini tergambar dari motif acara ini dibuat, yakni sebagai refleksi hari Kartini, yang dikenal sebagai inspirator kebangkitan perempuan dalam budaya patriarki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan wacana feminisme Sara Mills. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan di keluarga Shihab memegang teguh prinsip kemandirian tanpa mengkorbankan tugas-tugas mereka di wilayah domestik. Bagi mereka, perempuan perlu memiliki sifat percaya diri, mampu membuat keputusan sendiri, berdaya untuk bisa mengalahkan hambatan pada dirinya untuk maju dan bermanfaat bagi sekelilingnya. Narasi ini kemudian secara sengaja memberikan stimulis bagi para perempuan di Indonesia yang dijadikan objek dengan subjek penceritaan para perempuan keluarga Shihab. Pembaca yang merupakan masyarakat luas diberikan doktrin kebebasan melalui upaya produksi bersama antara penulis dengan pemabaca, sehingga mereka didoktrinasi untuk meyakini dan mengaplikasikan pesan yang terkandung dalam acara.
Aproximación a las dimensiones y factores asociados al contexto de enfermedades raras o poco frecuentes
Authors: López Paz Juan Francisco
Published: February 2021

El panorama interdisciplinar de los últimos 40 años pretende facilitar y promover la integración de conocimientos y la coordinación de esfuerzos de distintas disciplinas implicadas en el área de la salud. La salud es un componente básico de la calidad de vida y bajo este marco se deben contemplar, principalmente, tres significados relevantes: por un lado, el descriptivo que es aquello que convierte a una persona en una entidad concreta, individualizándola y diferenciándola de los demás seres. El segundo significado está basado en el aspecto cuantitativo, medible por indicadores objetivos; y, finalmente, el significado ético, de respeto a la vida. En general, la salud va unida comúnmente con el bienestar, protección y progreso social.

Esta conexión se descompensa, desequilibra o se rompe cuando aparecen realidades como las propias enfermedades raras o poco frecuentes. La OMS, en este sentido, recoge cinco grandes bloques de factores intervinientes, principalmente, socioeconómico, estado patológico, tratamiento, sistema de salud y entidad individual del paciente o afectado.

El hecho de enfermar y, especialmente, con una patología poco frecuente debe conllevar necesariamente la comprensión de la misma y su proceso no puede formalizarse de una manera simple y unívoca. Su diagnóstico y abordaje han de estar fundados en perspectivas pluridimensionales y diferenciadas, en concreto, biológica, psicológica, social y asistencial; y, todas ellas han de ser integradoras, sistémicas.
On the Problems of Amending the Terms of the Contract on the Provision of Tourism Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: SEROHINA Nataliia , PIKHURETS Olena , SUKHATSKYI Roman , YEVLAKHOVA Elvira , LYTVYN Stepan , MIROSHNYKOV Ivan
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the content of legal instruments in terms of tourism business, namely the problem of amending the terms of the contract for tourism services. Attention has been drawn to the existence of the relationship between the activities of the tourism business and the existing legal framework, as well as the key provisions of the legal plane that regulates the rules, conditions, and level of responsibility in the provision of tourist services have been highlighted. The consequences of the negative impact on the activities of modern representatives of the tourism industry have been determined, and the need to revise the policy of providing tourist services in a pandemic caused by COVID-19 has been substantiated. Authors’ proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the tourism business in the context of the coronavirus have been provided, and a legal act that can positively influence the solution of existing problems has been proposed. The authors’ vision of the content of the package of measures that can positively influence not only the development of the tourism industry in general but primarily to help to identify those legal segments that need improvement in the future.
Reputation Management in the Healthcare System and Its Impact for Sustainable Development
Authors: TASZHARGANOV Sabit , TUREKULOVA Dametken , NUKESHEVA Anar , BEISENGALIYEV Berik , ERKULOVA Gulmira
Published: February 2021

In a competitive environment, reputation is based on the authority of both an individual and social groups / organizations that have real power and are able to influence the decisions and actions of others. The degree and possibility of this power depend on how authoritative a given individual, group or organization is in solving certain problems. The relevance of the research topic is explained by the fact that in modern economic conditions, in a period of high competition, organizations, in order to increase competitiveness and prosperity in the market, pay great attention to reputation management, the quality of their work and the quality of customer service. This is especially true for the service sector, including the health care system and its impact for sustainable development.
ILMe (I Love Me): Psikoedukasi tentang Persepsi Citra Tubuh pada Siswi Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Lionita Widya , Arinda Ditia Fitri , Appulembang Yeni Anna , Anggraini Rini
Published: February 2021

Background: Nutrition status among girls is becoming a severe concern for preventing undernutrition in their future pregnancy. Since they experience many physical changes during adolescence, some girls will feel dissatisfied with their own body. This feeling may lead to negative body image, which is a long time will impact health status. The research aimed to facilitate psychoeducation and analyze the improvements towards the senior high school girls’ perception of body image in Palembang.Method: A quasi-experimental study design was employed in the research with a non-equivalent control group. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, divided into intervention (n=18) and control (n=19) groups. All steps of the research were carried out online because of pandemic COVID-19. The questionnaire was given via Google form, while the three psychoeducation sessions were given through Zoom Meetings. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test (intervention) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (control).Results: Most of the participants are 16 years old (40%), first-grade students (46%), and go to public school (67%). The mean score of both groups is decreased, which indicate their perception of body image is changed positively. However, there was no significant mean difference of the perception before and after treatment, either intervention (p-value 0.632) or control group (p-value 0.494). By the psychoeducation session, some participants already tried to share their feelings and problems related to their bodies, mostly originating from negative opinions given by peers. Girls should be motivated to love themselves through psychoeducation sessions with longer duration or more frequency to generate a positive body image.
Space- and computationally-efficient set reconciliation via parity bitmap sketch (PBS)
Authors: Gong Long , Liu Ziheng , Liu Liang , Xu Jun , Ogihara Mitsunori , Yang Tong
Published: February 2021

Set reconciliation is a fundamental algorithmic problem that arises in many networking, system, and database applications. In this problem, two large sets
A
and
B
of objects (bitcoins, files, records, etc.) are stored respectively at two different network-connected hosts, which we name Alice and Bob respectively. Alice and Bob communicate with each other to learn
A
Δ
B
, the difference between
A
and
B
, and as a result the reconciled set
A
∪
B.

Current set reconciliation schemes are based on either invertible Bloom filters (IBF) or error-correction codes (ECC). The former has a low computational complexity of
O(d)
, where
d
is the cardinality of
A
Δ
B
, but has a high communication overhead that is several times larger than the theoretical minimum. The latter has a low communication overhead close to the theoretical minimum, but has a much higher computational complexity of
O(d
2
). In this work, we propose Parity Bitmap Sketch (PBS), an ECC-based set reconciliation scheme that gets the better of both worlds: PBS has both a low computational complexity of
O(d)
just like IBF-based solutions and a low communication overhead of roughly twice the theoretical minimum. A separate contribution of this work is a novel rigorous analytical framework that can be used for the precise calculation of various performance metrics and for the near-optimal parameter tuning of PBS.
Towards an efficient weighted random walk domination
Authors: Mo Songsong , Bao Zhifeng , Zhang Ping , Peng Zhiyong
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we propose and study a new problem called the weighted random walk domination. Given a weighted graph
G
(
V, E
) and a budget
B
of the weighted random walk, it aims to find a
k
-size set
S
, which can minimize the total costs of the remaining nodes to access
S
through the weighted random walk, which is bounded by
B.
This problem is critical to a range of real-world applications, such as advertising in social networks and telecommunication base station selection in wireless sensor networks. We first present a dynamic programming based greedy method (DpSel) as a baseline. DpSel is time-consuming when |
V
| is huge. Thus, to overcome this drawback, we propose a matrix-based greedy method (MatrixSel), which can reduce the computation cost greatly. To further accelerate MatrixSel, we propose a BoundSel approach to reduce the number of the gain computations in each candidate selection by proactively estimating the upper bound of the marginal gain of the candidate node. Notably, all methods can achieve an approximation ratio of (1 - 1/
e
). Experiments on real datasets have been conducted to verify the efficiency, effectiveness, memory consumption and scalability of our methods.
CALYPSO
Authors: Kokoris-Kogias Eleftherios , Alp Enis Ceyhun , Gasser Linus , Jovanovic Philipp , Syta Ewa , Ford Bryan
Published: February 2021

Distributed ledgers provide high
availability
and
integrity
, making them a key enabler for practical and secure computation of distributed workloads among mutually distrustful parties. Many practical applications also require strong
confidentiality
, however. This work enhances permissioned and permissionless blockchains with the ability to manage confidential data without forfeiting availability or decentralization. The proposed Calypso architecture addresses two orthogonal challenges confronting modern distributed ledgers: (a) enabling the auditable management of secrets and (b) protecting distributed computations against arbitrage attacks when their results depend on the ordering and secrecy of inputs.

Calypso introduces on-chain secrets, a novel abstraction that enforces atomic deposition of an auditable trace whenever users access confidential data. Calypso provides user-controlled consent management that ensures revocation atomicity and accountable anonymity. To enable permissionless deployment, we introduce an incentive scheme and provide users with the option to select their preferred trustees. We evaluated our Calypso prototype with a confidential document-sharing application and a decentralized lottery. Our benchmarks show that transaction-processing latency increases linearly in terms of security (number of trustees) and is in the range of 0.2 to 8 seconds for 16 to 128 trustees.
On the 100 Gbps DWDM with Optical Carrier Suppression Modulation
Authors: Huszaník Tomáš , Turán Ján , Ovseník Ľuboš
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the transmission performance of 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system with two complex Optical Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulator configurations using 2 LiNb MZM (Mach-Zehnder Modulator) and 3 LiNb MZM. The link performance is evaluated for 100 Gbps data rate per channel in a total 750 km single mode fiber link. The perfomance is analyzed in terms of forward power, reflected power and bit-error rate of the received signal. From the simulation results we prove, that the link performance can be improved by adopting the high efficiency optical modulation.
The look at the various uses of VR
Authors: Voštinár Patrik , Horváthová Dana , Mitter Martin , Bako Martin
Published: February 2021

Virtual, augmented and mixed reality (VR, AR and MR) infiltrated not only gaming, industry, engineering, live events, entertainment, real estate, retail, military, etc., but as surveys indicate, also healthcare and education. In all these areas there is a lack of software development experts for VR, AR and MR to meet the needs of practice. Therefore, our intention at the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, is to focus on the education and enlightenment of these areas. The aim of this article is to show the role of interactivity in different VR applications and its impact on users in three different areas: gaming, healthcare and education. In the case of one application of Arachnophobia, we also present the results of the research using a questionnaire.
Three Stream Network Model for Lung Cancer Classification in the CT Images
Authors: Arumuga Maria Devi T. , Mebin Jose V. I.
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is considered to be one of the deadly diseases that threaten the survival of human beings. It is a challenging task to identify lung cancer in its early stage from the medical images because of the ambiguity in the lung regions. This paper proposes a new architecture to detect lung cancer obtained from the CT images. The proposed architecture has a three-stream network to extract the manual and automated features from the images. Among these three streams, automated feature extraction as well as the classification is done using residual deep neural network and custom deep neural network. Whereas the manual features are the handcrafted features obtained using high and low-frequency sub-bands in the frequency domain that are classified using a Support Vector Machine Classifier. This makes the architecture robust enough to capture all the important features required to classify lung cancer from the input image. Hence, there is no chance of missing feature information. Finally, all the obtained prediction scores are combined by weighted based fusion. The experimental results show 98.2% classification accuracy which is relatively higher in comparison to other existing methods.
The Use of Crisis Communication Strategies in Emergency Management
Authors: Haupt Brittany
Published: February 2021

As emergency management evolved to encompass a focus on supporting safe growth and development for communities, the role and responsibilities of government became increasingly complex with aspects of emergency management becoming quintessential. Issues with communication uncovered the need to understand how managers collect, disseminate, and adapt critical information through understanding crisis type and local community needs. This paper examines the use of crisis communication strategies in emergency management practice and how these strategies have been impacted by Situational Crisis Communication Theory. This theory’s prescriptive approach connects leaders’ response to strategies emphasizing adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. Utilizing structural equation modeling and qualitative analysis, results from a nationwide survey of county, and county-equivalent, emergency managers in the United States is included. The survey focused on the relationship between crisis communication strategies, local community needs, crisis type, and perceived resilience. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significant indicators impacting use of crisis communication strategies by emergency managers along with critical importance of adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. In addition, the paper unveils practical recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field of emergency management and its counterparts.
Relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin resistance and metabolic profile with pre-obesity and obesity in children
Authors: Jaksic Marina , Martinovic Milica , Gligorovic-Barhanovic Najdana , Antunovic Tanja , Nedovic-Vukovic Mirjana
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition with alarmingly high rates worldwide. There is controversy regarding the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and pediatric obesity. We investigated the relationship between IGF-1, insulin resistance and metabolic profile with childhood pre-obesity/obesity.

Methods

The study involved 201 children aged 7–15 years, divided in three groups according to their nutritional status (International Obesity Task Force criteria): normal-weight (n=84), pre-obese (n=82), obese (n=35). Laboratory IGF-1, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid (UA), anthropometric and body composition parameters were analyzed. Body mass index and IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score were calculated.

Results

Pre-obese/obese children had significantly higher IGF-1 SDS, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, UA, ALT, triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c); obese group had higher WtHR and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) compared to controls (p<0.05). In obese group, IGF-1 SDS was positively correlated with fat free/muscle mass, total body water (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with LDL-c (p<0.05). In pre-obese/obese HOMA-IR and insulin were positively correlated with age, total body fat (TBF) (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-c (pre-obese) (p<0.05). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that IGF-1 SDS (OR=1.94; 95%CI: 1.21–3.11), TBF (OR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.21–1.54) were predictors of nutritional status (p<0.001). FBG (OR=42.39; 95%CI: 2.31–77.2) and UA (OR=1.03; 95%CI: 1.01–1.05) were predictors of IR (p<0.001).

Conclusions

IGF-1 SDS and TBF were predictors of nutritional status. Further studies are required to clarify the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities.
Unique Effects of Social Defeat Stress in Adolescent Male Mice on the Netrin-1/DCC Pathway, Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine and Cognition
Authors: Vassilev Philip , Pantoja-Urban Andrea Haree , Giroux Michel , Nouel Dominique , Hernandez Giovanni , Orsini Taylor , Flores Cecilia
Published: February 2021

For some individuals, social stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders characterized by adolescent onset, prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Social stress may be particularly harmful during adolescence when dopamine (DA) axons are still growing to the PFC, rendering them sensitive to environmental influences. The guidance cue Netrin-1 and its receptor, DCC, coordinate to control mesocorticolimbic DA axon targeting and growth during this age. Here, we adapted the accelerated social defeat (AcSD) paradigm to expose male mice to social stress in either adolescence or adulthood and categorized them as “resilient” or “susceptible” based on social avoidance behavior. We examined whether stress would alter the expression of DCC and Netrin-1 in mesolimbic DA regions and would have enduring consequences on PFC DA connectivity and cognition. While in adolescence the majority of mice are resilient but exhibit risk-taking behavior, AcSD in adulthood leads to a majority of susceptible mice without altering anxiety-like traits. In adolescent, but not adult mice, AcSD dysregulates DCC and Netrin-1 expression in mesolimbic DA regions. These molecular changes in adolescent mice are accompanied by changes in PFC DA connectivity. Following AcSD in adulthood, cognitive function remains unaffected, but all mice exposed to AcSD in adolescence show deficits in inhibitory control when they reach adulthood. These findings indicate that exposure to AcSD in adolescence versus adulthood has substantially different effects on brain and behavior and that stress-induced social avoidance in adolescence does not predict vulnerability to deficits in cognitive performance.
Bilingual Teacher Residency Programs in California: Considerations for Development and Expansion
Authors: Lavadenz Magaly , Armas Elvira , Robles Natividad
Published: February 2021

Public interest, research and policies about dual language education and the multiple benefits of bilingualism and biliteracy have led to shortages of bilingual education teachers in the state and nation. School districts and educator preparation programs are actively looking for pathways of bilingual teacher preparation to meet local demands for more dual language programs. Modeled after medical residencies, teacher residencies are deeply rooted in clinical training, typically placing residents in classrooms with experienced teachers in high-needs schools where they are supported in their development. Teacher residencies allow for the recruitment of teachers, offer strong clinical preparation, connect new teachers to mentors and provide financial incentives to retain teachers in the school/district of residency. Little is known however, about bilingual teacher residencies in the state. Following a review of various data sources, researchers find that, to date, there are few bilingual teacher residencies offered and that there is a need to expand and study bilingual teacher residencies as one of the most viable pathways to respond to this shortage.
Examining English Learners’ College Readiness and Postsecondary Enrollment in California
Authors: Murillo Marco
Published: February 2021

Given a growing asset-based approach to equipping English Learners (ELs) with the knowledge and skills to enter and succeed in postsecondary education, this brief examines ELs’ college readiness and postsecondary education outcomes in California. It includes a brief summary of relevant literature on college readiness among EL students. Researchers then present data retrieved from the California Department of Education on college readiness and postsecondary education. The results show that EL students lack access to college preparatory courses, have a low rate of meeting the state’s College/Career Indicator, and enroll in postsecondary education at lower rates than other groups. This policy brief concludes with recommendations for state-, district-, and school-level improvements for ELs’ college readiness and postsecondary enrollment.
LOS BENEFICIOS DE UNA CORRECTA EVALUACIÓN FORMATIVA EN EL AUTOAPRENDIZAJE DE LOS ALUMNOS
Authors: Azpilicueta Amorín Mónica
Published: February 2021

A menudo los docentes de Ciencias del Programa de los Años Intermedios (PAI) no se encuentran satisfechos con las calificaciones obtenidas por sus alumnos. De ahí que el objetivo de este trabajo sea el demostrar que una buena planificación e implementación de la evaluación formativa basada en una correcta retroalimentación favorece el autoaprendizaje de los alumnos traduciéndose en un aumento progresivo de sus calificaciones.

De la numerosa bibliografía que hay al respecto sobre los beneficios que la evaluación formativa proporciona a los alumnos, este trabajo demuestra los beneficios que la retroalimentación

propuesta por los autores Arthur L. Costa y Robert J. Gamston aporta a los alumnos que cursan Ciencias en el último curso del PAI.

Analizados/comparados los datos de las calificaciones obtenidas antes y después de la implementación de la retroalimentación, se demuestra que en aquellos aspectos de la evaluación que requieren más destreza y entrenamiento, han llegado a subir hasta dos puntos la calificación de la asignatura gracias a la evaluación formativa.

Demostrando que, pese a la dificultad que conlleva hacer realidad en el aula, una buena evaluación formativa, basada en una retroalimentación de calidad, se potencia el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje traduciéndose, no solo en un aumento en las calificaciones, sino en una enseñanza perdurable para el alumno.
IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME CORE AS A SUPPLIER OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
Authors: Edwards Stephanie Lynn
Published: February 2021

Global citizenship education (GCED) is a growing field in international education. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 4.7 cited GCED as an official aim of the United Nations for 2030 in order to improve sustainable development, and this has created an increase in global research relating to the assessment of GCED within curriculums. The International Baccalaureate (IB), a private international organization known for its mission statement that promotes lifelong education for a peaceful world, prefers the term international mindedness. Consequently, the IB rarely addresses the concept of global citizenship directly in its Diploma Programme (DP). This paper studies the relationship between the existing DP curriculum and GCED through first providing a definition of GCED and its cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral conceptual domains according to UNESCO’s theoretical framework. The study suggests that the DP curriculum unequally addresses the GCED domains and lacks definitive learning objectives that are recommended by UNESCO. While the IB is known for its international education, the DP does address GCED elements that are crucial to active citizenship within the written curriculum, nor are the existing elements assessed at any point in the program.
Adsorption of Cr6+ and Pb2+ on soy sauce residue biochar from aqueous solution
Authors: Xu Xiaoxun , Zhou Chenying , Zhang Shirong , Cheng Zhang , Yang Zhanbiao , Xian Junren , Yang Yuanxiang
Published: February 2021

Biochar produced by the pyrolysis of biomass can be used to counter water pollution from heavy metals. The purpose of this work was to develop a biosorbent based on soy sauce residue (SSR) for the removal of Cr6+ and Pb2+. The SSR biochar (SBC) from oxygen-limited pyrolysis under the temperatures of 300 to 700 °C were obtained, and their adsorption capability was evaluated. After determining the optimum pyrolysis temperature, the effects of initial pH values, contact times, and initial metal concentrations on the Cr6+ and Pb2+ adsorption by SBC prepared at 600 °C (SBC600) were investigated. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the physical and chemical properties of SBC developed in a direction favorable to heavy metal adsorption. The SBC600 reached the adsorption equilibrium at the time of 2 (Cr6+) and 24 h (Pb2+), and the maximum adsorption amounts of Cr6+ and Pb2+ were 25.80 and 135.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherms was best described by the Langmuir isotherms. The SBC was an adsorbent with certain potential for heavy metals removal in wastewater.
Using earthworm, Eisenia fetida, to bio-convert agro-industrial wastes for aquaculture nutrition
Authors: Musyoka Sonnia N. , Liti David M. , Ogello Eric O. , Meulenbroek Paul , Waidbacher Herwig
Published: February 2021

Agro-industrial wastes pose great economic and environmental hazards, while the economic success of aquaculture is threatened by the unsustainability of fishmeal use. The aims of the present study were to bio-convert agro-industrial wastes through vermicomposting, and then evaluate the potential of the by-products in promoting aquaculture nutrition. Coffee husks (CH), barley wastes (BW), and kitchen wastes (KW) were pre-composted and inoculated with earthworms, Eisenia fetida, and then vermicomposted for 70 days under a controlled environment. The vermicomposting by-products, i.e., earthworms and vermicast, were amalgamated in the ratio of 1:5 into bedding and then analyzed. There were neither earthworm mortalities nor significant difference (P>0.05) in cocoons produced by E. fetid in all treatments. The earthworms grown in KW attained the highest average weight gain of 27.8±0.7g, followed by CH (24.9±0.6g) and BW (24.8±0.7g). Earthworms grown in CH and BW had significantly higher (P<0.05) nutritional attributes. All experimental wastes produced vermicast with carbon and nitrogen ratios within the preferred agronomic limit of 20. The nutritional profile of the BW bedding was comparable with that of Caridina nilotica meal and was within the recommended dietary requirements of fish. The wastes can be bio-converted through vermicomposting into various forms appropriate for providing aquaculture nutrition.
Defect identification method for poplar veneer based on progressive growing generated adversarial network and MASK R-CNN model
Authors: Hu Kai , Wang Baojin , Shen Yi , Guan Jieru , Cai Yi
Published: February 2021

As the main production unit of plywood, the surface defects of veneer seriously affect the quality and grade of plywood. Therefore, a new method for identifying wood defects based on progressive growing generative adversarial network (PGGAN) and the MASK R-CNN model is presented. Poplar veneer was mainly studied in this paper, and its dead knots, live knots, and insect holes were identified and classified. The PGGAN model was used to expand the dataset of wood defect images. A key ideal employed the transfer learning in the base of MASK R-CNN with a classifier layer. Lastly, the trained model was used to identify and classify the veneer defects compared with the back- propagation (BP) neural network, self-organizing map (SOM) neural network, and convolutional neural network (CNN). Experimental results showed that under the same conditions, the algorithm proposed in this paper based on PGGAN and MASK R-CNN and the model obtained through the transfer learning strategy accurately identified the defects of live knots, dead knots, and insect holes. The accuracy of identification was 99.05%, 97.05%, and 99.10%, respectively.
Combined testing approach to evaluate the antifungal efficiency of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil for potential application in wood conservation
Authors: Pop Dana Mihaela , Timar Maria Cristina , Beldean Emanuela Carmen , Varodi Anca Maria
Published: February 2021

The efficiency of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil (C-EO) for the curative antifungal treatment of historic wood was investigated in comparison with two classical biocide products: a boron-based preservative (Diffusit S) and a formulation containing quaternary ammonium salts and isothiazole (Biotin T). A combined approach was adopted that consisted of implementation of C-EO in a practical case study on a degraded beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood artifact and evaluation of the treatment efficacy via an original laboratory mycological test. Small samples, extracted from the degraded wood material before and after curative treatments, were placed as inoculum on sterile culture medium and incubated for periodic monitoring of the emerging fungal growth for 140 d. Direct observation was supplemented with digital quantification of the fungal coverage area via ImageJ software and calculation of the absolute and relative indices of fungal development reduction. The results indicated that the C-EO solutions at both tested concentrations (10%, 5%) were more efficient than the considered reference products at similar concentrations (Diffusit S (10%) and Biotin T (5%)) for curative antifungal treatment. However, none of the treatments applied entirely prevented reactivation of the severe and complex fungal attack, which was highlighted by the mycological tests conducted on the control samples.
Tunisian date palm rachis used as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking applications
Authors: Khiari Ramzi , Mauret Evelyne , Belgacem Mohamed Naceur , Mhemmi Farouk
Published: February 2021

Every year, significant amounts of date palm rachises are accumulated in Tunisia. The rational valorisation of this renewable resource is therefore imperative, in order to fulfil the sustainability approach. In this context, this work aims to study the potential use of date palm rachises as a raw material for papermaking and to compare it with other sources of lignocellulosic fibres, such as wood, non-wood species, and agricultural wastes. For this purpose, soda-anthraquinone pulping of date palm rachis was performed giving rise to a yield of 45% (w/w). This value is similar to that obtained by pulping non-wood materials and is higher than that corresponding to the pulping of agricultural residues. The resulting pulps were subsequently refined using a PFI mill refiner at 0, 500, 1500, and 3000 revolutions, screened through a 0.15 mm mesh size sieve and used to produce conventional handsheets. Both pulps and papers were fully characterized in terms of morphological, chemical and physical properties, according to commonly used standards. The physical properties of the prepared handsheets were very similar to those displayed by other papers made of common lignocellulosic fibres. Furthermore, the pulps exhibited a good drainability together with excellent mechanical properties of the ensuing papers. For these reasons, date palm rachises could be considered as a potential source of fibres for papermaking applications.
A vicious circle between oxidative stress and cytokine storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome pathogenesis at COVID-19 infection
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Meftahi G. H. , Bahari Z. ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,   Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;, Jangravi Z. ,   Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;, Iman M. ,   Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
Published: February 2021

In early December 2019, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Since then, it has propagated rapidly and turned into a major global crisis due to the high virus spreading. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is considered as a defining cause of the death cases. Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are the main players of ARDS development during respiratory virus infections. In this review, we discussed molecular mechanisms of a fatal vicious circle between oxidative stress and cytokine storm during COVID-19 infection. We also described how aging can inflame the vicious circle. Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, cytokine storm, oxidative stress
Relationship between Managers’ Support and Training Application with Motivation to Learn as Mediator
Authors: Mohamad Nur Izzaty , Ismail Azman , Mohamad Nor Azmawaty
Published: February 2021

This study aims to assess the association between managers' support, motivation to learn, and training application. The survey method utilizes to collect data from employees at Central Government Agencies in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The SmartPLS was employed to evaluate the quality of survey questionnaire data and test the research hypotheses. SmartPLS path analysis model's findings displayed that managers' support affects training application by the mediation with motivation to learn. This finding provides essential recommendations that practitioners may use to understand different motivations to learn and formulate a training master plan that may inspire employees to maintain and accomplish their organizations' strategies and goals in times of global competition and economic uncertainty.JEL Classification: M53, M54How to Cite:Mohamad, N. I., Ismail, A., & Nor, A. M. (2021). Relationship Between Managers’ Support and Training Application with Motivation to Learn as Mediator. Etikonomi, 20(1), 119 – 136. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15231.
Position and Prejudice: Exploring the Stereotypical Transformation of Female Identity at Workplace
Authors: Baloch Muhammad Nawaz , Samo Asif Hussain , Bhatti Azeem Akhtar , Bhughio Moomal Baig , Zeb Sheza
Published: February 2021

Gender-based stereotypes have hampered gender equality in the workplace opportunities, and females face identity crises and labeling by their coworkers, which mitigates their chances to climb on the ladder of Leadership. This study strived to explore female coworkers' perceived identity and the transformation in that perception when those females become leaders and the role of stereotypical thinking in it. With the qualitative approach, this study used case study methods. This research collects the data through nineteen in-depth interviews from private companies, and a framework developed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that employees positively perceive their female coworkers, but they are perceived with stereotypes and negativity when they become their leaders. Organizations need to initiate grooming programs when they promote females for harmony and a productive environment.JEL Classification: M10, M54How to Cite:Baloch, M. N., Samo, A. H., Bhatti, A. A., Bhughio, M. B., & Zeb, S. (2021). Position and Prejudice: Exploring the Stereotypical Transformation of Female Identity at Workplace. Etikonomi, 20(1), 137 – 152. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15275.
Extended Work Shifts and Neurobehavioral Performance in Resident-Physicians
Authors: Rahman Shadab A. , Sullivan Jason P. , Barger Laura K. , St. Hilaire Melissa A. , O’Brien Conor S. , Stone Katie L. , Phillips Andrew J.K. , Klerman Elizabeth B. , Qadri Salim , Wright Kenneth P. , Halbower Ann C. , Segar Jeffrey L. , McGuire John K. , Vitiello Michael V. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , Poynter Sue E. , Yu Pearl L. , Sanderson Amy L. , Zee Phyllis C. , Landrigan Christopher P. , Czeisler Charles A. , Lockley Steven W. ,   THE ROSTERS STUDY GROUP
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Extended-duration work rosters (EDWRs) with shifts of 24+ hours impair performance compared with rapid cycling work rosters (RCWRs) that limit shifts to 16 hours in postgraduate year (PGY) 1 resident-physicians. We examined the impact of a RCWR on PGY 2 and PGY 3 resident-physicians.

METHODS:

Data from 294 resident-physicians were analyzed from a multicenter clinical trial of 6 US PICUs. Resident-physicians worked 4-week EDWRs with shifts of 24+ hours every third or fourth shift, or an RCWR in which most shifts were ≤16 consecutive hours. Participants completed a daily sleep and work log and the 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale 2 to 5 times per shift approximately once per week as operational demands allowed.

RESULTS:

Overall, the mean (± SE) number of attentional failures was significantly higher (P =.01) on the EDWR (6.8 ± 1.0) compared with RCWR (2.9 ± 0.7). Reaction time and subjective alertness were also significantly higher, by ∼18% and ∼9%, respectively (both P <.0001). These differences were sustained across the 4-week rotation. Moreover, attentional failures were associated with resident-physician–related serious medical errors (SMEs) (P =.04). Although a higher rate of SMEs was observed under the RCWR, after adjusting for workload, RCWR had a protective effect on the rate of SMEs (rate ratio 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.77]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Performance impairment due to EDWR is improved by limiting shift duration. These data and their correlation with SME rates highlight the impairment of neurobehavioral performance due to extended-duration shifts and have important implications for patient safety.