bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL MONITORED WITH REAL-TIME LASER SPECTROSCOPY. CONFIRMATION OF THE TECHNIQUE WITH PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: DE BONI Luis A. B. , MARIA Teresa M. R , Pereira M. M. , da Silva Isaac N. L.
Published: May 2021

Biodiesel is a synthetic fuel usually produced by the transesterification reaction. This study was undertaken in order to monitor the kinetics of the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by KOH and determine when the reaction reached chemical equilibrium. A series of reactions was monitored with a laser spectrometer used to analyze the absorption and scattering of light in real-time. The monitoring system combined the information received through multiple sensors. The correlation of the present technique with 1H-NMR spectra confirmed that the reaction was approaching chemical equilibrium when the monitoring curve showed asymptotic behavior.
A TRIBUTE TO PROF. DR. LAVINEL G. IONESCU ON HIS 70th BIRTHDAY
Authors: MARTINEZ A. D. , KID B. J.
Published: May 2021

Dr. Ionescu celebrated his 70th birthday in Brazil, working as the Cheif Editor of the SBJCHEM.
SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLVATION OF BARIUUM DIPHENYLAMINESULFONATE IN ETHANOL-WATER MIXED SOLVENTS
Authors: GOMAA Esam A. , ABOU ELLEET Elsayed M. , HELMY E. T. , DEFRAWY Sh. M.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the thermodynamic functions, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy for the solution processes of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol+water) were calculated from solubility values obtained at temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 308.15 K. The respective thermodynamic, functions for mixing and solvation processes, as well as the activity coefficients for the solute were calculated. The solubility of solutes in mixed solvents depends primarily on the solvation of the solutes or their constituent ions by the components of the solvent mixtures. In this study, the solubility of this barium diphenyla1ninesuifonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol + water by value percent of ethanol= 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume), was determined at different temperature by the solvent evaporation method. The results enable us to estimate the value of thermodynamic solubility product, Kop(th), of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent. In addition, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy for the solution processes, and free energies of transfer of barium diphenyla1ninesulfonate units from water to the ethanol solutions were also calculated in order to estimate the contributions of solute-solvent interactions related to ion association are based on changes in the electrostatic properties of the solvent, solute, and ion salvation as itself as on the ionic strength of the medium.
INSULIN :FROM EGYPTIAN TILAPIA BROCKMANN BODIES
Authors: FATTAH Mohy Ei Deen Abdel , MOHAMED NAGWA Ibrahim , ASBREY Heba El
Published: May 2021

Certain teleost fish have large anatomically discrete islet orga11s called Brockmann bodies (BBs) that are much more easily harvested than pancreatic islets. Brockmann bodies (islet organs) of both types were excised from freshly killed tilapia fish at the Fisheries Center, Faculty of Agriculture of lsmailia, and immediately frozen. Approximately 5.1 g of islet tissue was obtained from 81 fish of approximate weight that ranged from 150-350. These Brockmann bodies (BBs) were subjected to acid/alcohol extraction and gel filtration. Ultraviolet and infrared spectral measurements were performed. The fraction with the highest absorption was studied further and compared to standard insulin. They both showed the presence of alcohol/phenol OH groups and the amide C=O stretch.
NALIDIXIC ACID MUTUAL PRODRUG: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION
Authors: HUSAINA Asif , AHMADB Aftab , KHANC Shah Alam
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study has been to design a useful drug, which may act with effectiveness both on the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (broad-spectrum). An amide-based mutual prodrug (NA-SN) was been prepared following a single-step synthesis by condensing sulfanilamide with nalidixic acid. The compound (NA-SN) was evaluated for in-vitro antibacterial activity against some selected bacteria with significant results. Hydrolysis kinetics of the mutual prodrug were also studied in acidic and basic buffers. The present study reveals the pharmaceutical potential of mutual prodrugs.
THE FREE RADICAL BRO MINA TION OF ETHYL PYRIDAZINES: THEORETICAL STUDIES
Authors: ADEJORO I. A. , Ogede R. O. , Ibeji C. U. , Adeboye O. O.
Published: May 2021

Theoretical studies on free radical bromination by N-bromosuccinimide were carried out on a range of ethyl-3-methoxy-pyridazine derivatives. The investigations of these reactions performed, in order to develop a convenient and rapid theoretical means of predicting selectivity. The geometry optimizations of the total energies of the reactants and the products were calculated using Semi-empirical; AMI, MNDO, PM3 e Hartree Fock, HF3- 21 G computational methods. The calculation performed using PM3 Hamiltonian gave the best qualitative predictions, thus providing a rapid method for the selectivity of the reactions used in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic analogs of neurotransmitters.
Disease Detection using CNN and Transfer Learning
Authors: Jha Sachin Kumar , Raj Aditya , Kumar Rahul , Vishal Vikash
Published: May 2021

Plant disease have great affect over the productivity of fruits and vegetables in rural area. It is estimated that pest and diseases cause loss of 20% crops in rural area vs 10% in urban area. One of the main reasons of this loss is lack of knowledge to identity the disease, its cause and its treatment. To overcome this problem in most economical way, we have used machine learning to identify the disease and suggest remedies to the farmers in rural areas. The proposed model simply accepts an image of leaf with unknown disease, identify the disease and suggest remedies. In this model we are using transfer learning technique to train our model in least amount of time over relatively smaller data. We have achieved up to 98.8% accuracy in identifying 38 different diseases among 14 different fruits and vegetables.
Voice-Controlled Assistant
Authors: Raut Prof. Mayur , Jha Shivam Kumar , Shashikant  , Sakhare Mohit
Published: May 2021

Considering the current situation of COVID-19 this project provides medical assistance and sanitization. This project also provides a source of information as well as entertainment to the patients. Searching Google and Wikipedia based on users' voice input and giving back the reply through robotic voice with further interactive questions by the machine. It distributes the medicines i.e., morning and evening pills to the patient according to the request. According to the voice input it moves forward, backward, turns left and right. It also detects the hand through IR SENSOR & Dispenses the sanitizer to the patient.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Spam Detection
Authors: Ali Rashida , Rampurawala Ibrahim , Wandhe Mayuri , Shrikhande Ruchika , Bhatkar Arpita
Published: May 2021

Internet provides a medium to connect with individuals of similar or different interests creating a hub. Since a huge hub participates on these platforms, the user can receive a high volume of messages from different individuals creating a chaos and unwanted messages. These messages sometimes contain a true information and sometimes false, which leads to a state of confusion in the minds of the users and leads to first step towards spam messaging. Spam messages means an irrelevant and unsolicited message sent by a known/unknown user which may lead to a sense of insecurity among users. In this paper, the different machine learning algorithms were trained and tested with natural language processing (NLP) to classify whether the messages are spam or ham.
La cursiva revisitada: referentes para el diseño de las variantes cursivas de la tipografía Alaia
Authors: Quindós González Tania , González-Miranda Elena
Published: May 2021

En este estudio nos remontamos al Renacimiento italiano para comprender la génesis de la letra de imprenta Cursiva o Itálica. El origen de estos primeros tipos tiene que ver con la ganancia de espacio en el formato y de tiempo al escribir.Aunque su uso no es el mismo, estos tipos iniciales han evolucionado hasta nuestras tipografías digitales y son los que elegimos como letra Cursiva/Italic en nuestros programas de edición o de composición de textos. Este conocimiento, fruto del estudio de estos y otros referentes contemporáneos, se ha encauzado hacia la creación de dos variantes cursivas de la tipografía Alaia, con los dibujos y el desarrollo preliminar de los alfabetos, volcados en sus muestras tipográficas.
Editorial
Authors: Heras David , Sanchis Álvaro
Published: May 2021

Editorial del noveno número de Eme magazine
Escucharnos para defendernos juntas. El caso del proyecto Nos Jardins
Authors: Florin Anaïs
Published: May 2021

Análisis del proyecto Nos Jardins realizado por la artista Anaïs Florin para el festival Bien Urbain, Art dans et avec l’espace public.
Anna Brullas
Authors: Brullas Anna
Published: May 2021

Perfil sobre la ilustradora Anna Brullas
A Study of Factors Influencing Plant Growth by WSN Approach and Plant Nutrient Deficiency Classification in Tomato Using SVM
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BNM Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Kusanur Vrunda , Chakravarthi Veena S ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BNM Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published: May 2021

Soil temperature and humidity straight away influence plant growth and the availability of plant nutrients. In this work, we carried out experiments to identify the relationship between climatic parameters and plant nutrients. When the relative humidity was very high, deficiency symptoms were shown on plant leaves and fruits. But, recognizing and managing these plant nutrients manually would become difficult. However, no much research has been done in this field. The main objective of this research was to propose a machine learning model to manage nutrient deficiencies in the plant. There were two main phases in the proposed research. In the first phase, the humidity, temperature, and soil moisture in the greenhouse environment were collected using WSN and the influence of these parameters on the growth of plants was studied. During experimentation, it was investigated that the transpiration rate decreased significantly and the macronutrient contents in the plant leave decreased when the humidity was 95%. In the second phase, a machine learning model was developed to identify and classify nutrient deficiency symptoms in a tomato plant. A total of 880 images were collected from Bingo images to form a dataset. Among all these images, 80% (704 images) of the dataset were used to train the machine learning model and 20% (176 images) of the dataset were used for testing the model performance. In this study, we selected K-means Clustering for key points detection and SVM for classification and prediction of nutrient stress in the plant. SVM using linear kernel performed better with the accuracy rates of 89.77 % as compared to SVM using a polynomial kernel.
Emotionally Intelligent Chatbot
Authors:   Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering And Research, Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Kokane Shubham , Khalate Shreeyash ,   Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering And Research, Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Newale Shreya ,   Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering And Research, Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Dubewar Sakshi ,   Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering And Research, Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Kotwal Jameer ,   Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering And Research, Ravet, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: May 2021

An emotionally intelligent chatbot system aims to make an effective conversation between humans and machines in as natural and interactive a manner as possible. The chatbot agent has the pre-embedded knowledge base to identify the sentences, intents, entities, and context of the input query to be precise for making a valid, predictable decision itself as a self-generated response to answer the query. The present technical project consists of developing an intelligent system for college enquiry purposes using a web-based chatbot agent, through machine learning, query processing, and sentiment and emotion classification system to analyze the sentiment of the visitor towards the college. Emotionally Intelligent College Enquiry Chatbot System is nothing but a chatbot to understand the user queries and respond to them during a conversation. A chatbot can actively help humans to involve in a digital automated conversation with a machine or a system effective. In the following proposed system, feature extraction and data cleaning techniques are applied to the dataset, and classifiers such as multinomial naive Bayes, logistic regression and k nearest neighbours are used to train the model. The classifier with the highest accuracy is further used for the emotion classification of users.
Developing a model to design and implement computer user interfaces in rural communities, an exploratory study
Authors:   , Heukelman Delene
Published: May 2021

This thesis reports on original exploratory study that is aimed at contributing towards understanding of factors that influence Africa users support for alternative object metaphors for user interface icons. One of the great impediments for efficient utilization of information systems is the existing gap between system designs that typically follow western cues for crafting user interfaces and actual users who use those systems within their diverse cultural frames. The problem remains important because of the wider penetration of information systems, which serve as modern technology tools to improve service provisioning worldwide. In order to overcome the problem of optimum utilization of information systems, previous studies have proposed culturally adaptive user interfaces. The basic principle behind culture adaptive interfaces is to develop intelligent user interfaces that can automatically adapt to user contexts. However, the challenges with the new proposals for adaptive user interfaces are how to best model information about users, how to access the cultural background of individual users and empirically examine the effects of culture on user interface preferences. In order to properly contribute to solving these problems, an exploratory study was conducted to empirically establish African rural users support for alternative village object metaphors, examine effects of culture on user support and investigate response characteristic among culturally diverse user groups. The synthesis of bodystorming and cultural probes methodology was applied to engage the participation of African rural users in the study. Technology support model was developed to measure user knowledge, comprehension, skills, performance and support for alternative African village metaphors as interface icons. The partial least square analytic modelling technique and finite mixture path segmentation model were used to test a set of research hypotheses and detect heterogeneity in 71 respondent data generated. Experimental results of this study show that human cognitive factors of technology knowledge, comprehension and performance influence African users support for alternative village object metaphors as interface icons. However, skill factor is not found to influence user support for alternative African village object metaphors. The factor of culture is found to moderate the effects of comprehension on user support and effects of user performance on user support. This study also identifies three segments of African users that result in heterogeneity within the inner path model.
Factors that determine the continuance intention of people to use online social networks for business transactions
Authors:   , Assensoh-Kodua Akwesi
Published: May 2021

Social computing researchers are devoting efforts to understand the complex social behaviour of people using social networking platforms, such as Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook, so as to inform the design of human-centered and socially aware systems. This research study investigates the factors of perceived trust, user satisfaction, social norm and perceived behavioural control, to develop a model for predicting the continuance intention of people to use online social networking for business transactions. In order to validate the predictive capability of the model developed, an online survey was used to collect 300 useable responses from people who have used LinkedIn and Twitter social networking platforms for business transactions at least once. The Partial Least Square (PLS) mathematical analysis tool was thereafter used to perform confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of measurement and structural models. The study results provide significant evidence in support of the factors of perceived trust, social norm and user satisfaction, as determinants of the continuance intention of people using online social networking platforms for business transactions. Perceived trust was found to exhibit a strong relationship with social norm and explains a variance of (R2=0.47). In addition, social norm explains a variance of (R2=0.44) and user satisfaction explains a variance of (R2=0.42), resulting in the model predicting (R2=0.56) continuance intention. In addition, the research model was tested for the moderating effects of usage habit, which were found to significantly moderate relationships between continuance intention and perceived trust, PBCand social norm, resulting in an improved predictive capability of (R2=0.89). The moderating result indicates that a higher level of habit increases the effect of perceived trust, Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) and social norm on continuance intention. This result confirms the theoretical argument that the strength of user satisfaction to predict continuance, is strengthened by usage habit. The results of this research study generally have practical implications for individuals who desire to offer commercial services on online social networking technologies, to seriously consider building trust and maintaining user satisfaction to sustain their businesses. They should also think of strategies embedded in peer pressure, to attract, retain and establish trustworthy relationships with customers.
Londonból Perugiába : Sikertelen próbálkozás egy sokoldalú tehetség beszervezésére
Authors: Pál István
Published: May 2021

Miután az 1956-os forradalom leverését követően közel 8000 egyetemista és főiskolás fiatal menekült el Magyarországról, 1957. június elsejével létrejött a Szabad Magyar Egyetemisták Szövetsége (SZMESZ). A külföldön élő magyar egyetemi és főiskolai hallgatók érdekvédelmi szervezete a forradalom szellemiségéhez való ragaszkodása nyomán rövid idő elteltével az állambiztonsági szervek célkeresztjébe került, akik néhány önbizalomhiánytól szenvedő és így megnyerhető személy kivételével még a szociáldemokrata vagy liberális meggyőződésű résztvevőket is jobboldalinak tekintették.1 Mindennek fényében a Belügyminisztérium (BM) II/3. (Hírszerző) Osztály nem véletlenül próbált az 1956-ban külföldre távozó fiatalok között beszervezéseket végrehajtani. A jelöltek egy részét az emigráns ifjúsági ernyőszervezet bomlasztására tervezték felhasználni, míg a szakterületükön tehetségesnek tűnő diákokat vagy frissen végzett diplomásokat főleg a tudományos-technikai hírszerzés vonalán szerették volna felhasználni. Az utóbbi törekvés, mint azt a most következő példa is mutatja, nem igazán bizonyult sikeresnek.
Székesfehérvár keleti irányú terjeszkedése : Betekintés a 19. században és a 20. század elején végbement változásokba
Authors: Takács Péter
Published: May 2021

A tanulmány betekintést nyújt Székesfehérvár legfiatalabb városrészeinek, a Vízivárosnak és az egykor Tóvárosnak nevezett területek keleti- délkeleti irányú kialakulásának és terjeszkedésének történetébe. Egy-egy kulcsfontosságúnak ítélt intézmény és üzem fejlődésének, valamint meghatározó ipari fejlesztéseknek az ismertetésén keresztül utal azok városképalakító hatására. Beszámol az 1879. évi országos kiállítás szervezése és lebonyolítása körüli eseményekről; a kiállításról, amely szintén jelentős mértékben hozzájárult az érintett területek fejlődéséhez, s a korszakban országos ismertséget és elismertséget szerzett Székesfehérvár városának. Bemutatja, hogy a 19–20. század elejére jellemző dinamikus fejlődésnek a második világháború harci eseményei vetettek véget. Ezt követően a város vezetése a tömeges lakásépítést helyezte a középpontba, így pár évtized alatt a terület a gombamód szaporodó lakótelepeknek köszönhetően elveszítette korábbi arculatát.
A Nagykunság református egyházközségeinek alakulása a 17. és 18. században
Authors: Éliás János
Published: May 2021

A tanulmány célja bemutatni a Nagykunság református egyházközségeinek alakulását a 17. és 18. században új megközelítések, valamint több szempont alapján történő vizsgálat bevonásával. Kutatásunk során igyekeztünk számba venni azok kialakulását, a fejlődés hátráltató tényezőit, illetve a régió újjáépülésének folyamatát, korabeli forrásokon és demográfiai adatokon keresztül megvizsgálva. Kutatásunkat levéltári, irattári forrásokra alapoztuk, melybe beletartoznak a korabeli országos összeírások (az 1699-es Pentz-összeírás, az 1715-ös és 1720-as országos összeírások stb.), a helyi református egyházközségek anyakönyvei, valamint egyéb, a tanulmány szempontjából releváns források, szakirodalmi munkák.
MANAQIB SYEIKH ABDUL QADIR SEBAGAI MEDIA SULUK
Authors: Hasanah Durrotun
Published: May 2021

Salah satu program religius untuk mencapai sebuah suluk yakni dengan adanya majelis manaqiban yang mana majelis tersebut salah satu aktivitas jama?ah Al-Khidmah. Dan dalam majeis manaqiban tersebut ada beberapa isinya seperti tawassul yang ditujukan kepada Syeikh Abdul Qadir al-Jailani, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Istighosah bersama, dan dilanjutkan dengan pembacaan manaqib yang di lengkapi dengan nasyid-nasyid juga dilengkapi dengan bacaan Maulidur Rasul.Dan motivasi dari adanya majelis ini yakni untuk menyambung silaturruhiyah kepada Guru, dan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah.dengan adanya majelis ini seseorang yang ingin mencapai sebuah suluk sangat tepat sekali untuk mengikutinya. Karena setelah mengikuti majelis tersebut jiwa ini akan merasakan ketenangan. adapun persoalan ini termasuk persoalan yang bersifat perilaku manusia, oleh karena itu, untuk mengungkap persolan tersebut secra menyeluruh dan mendalam, maka dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode kualitatif. Kenapa penulis memilih metode yang kualitatif?, karena mnurut penulis metode ini lebih dapat beradaptasi dengan keadaan lingkungan.
RELASI ANTARA AKAL DENGAN HATI PERSPEKTIF KH. ACHMAD ASRORI AL-ISHAQY
Authors: - Irwanto
Published: May 2021

Manusia merupakan makhluk yang diciptakan oleh Allah SWT dengan keadaan yang paling bagus dan sempurna, dibandingkan makhluk lainnya baik malaikat, jin, ataupun binatang. Manusia diberi keistimewaan berupa akal yang mampu menuntun setiap tingkah lakunya dalam mengerjakan sesuatu. Sehingga manusia mengerti dan mengetahui mana yang baik dan mana yang buruk. Dan dengan akal-lah yang mampu membedakan kedudukan apakah lebih tinggi dari malaikat, atau malah lebih rendah dari pada hewan. Manusia yang mampu mengalahkan syahwatnya dan meluruskan akal ke jalan yang benar, maka derajatnya lebih tinggi dari malaikat. Sebaliknya, manusia yang menuruti hawa nafsunya tanpa menggunakan akalnya dengan benar, maka derajatnya lebih rendah dari pada hewan. Selain akal, manusia juga dikarunia oleh Allah SWT berupa hati, dimana keadaan manusia mampu merasakan keagungan sang penciptanya. Dimana hati-lah yang mampu mengendalikan akal dengan jalan yang lurus. KH. Achmad Asrori menjelaskan dalam kitabnya bahwa ketika manusia dapat memusatkan pikirannya (akalnya) dan hatinya dalam menghamba kepada Allah SWT maka orang tersebut mampu bermakrifat kepada Allah SWT. Dalam artian seorang hamba mampu merasakan getaran-getaran sifat-sifat Allah SWT dalam dirinya. Bahkan sifat-sifat-Nya pun mampu merasuk ke dalam setiap prilakunya. Dalam hal ini Beliau lebih fanatik menukil dari Imam Ghozali selaku Imam Hujjatul Islam, dan juga para tokoh-tokoh tasawuf terkemuka.
EDUCATION TAREKAT PERSPECTIVE KH. AHMAD ASRORI AL-ISHAQI AND ITS RELEVANCE ON NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Authors: Nashiruddin Nashiruddin
Published: May 2021

Life in modern times is often lulled by a lifestyleglamorous. As a result the heart is easily caught up in the mental illness and increasinglyempty of serenity. Therefore, a doctor is neededexperts in their fields to deal with these problems.Doctors in this case are Sufi scholars who have teacher titlestarekat. KH. Achmad Asrori al-Ishaqi is one of the teacherstarekat whose teachings are currently developing. However, stillthere are some people who think that lifestyleclosely inhibiting one's creativity, because in itteaches to keep away from worldly affairs, which it does notin accordance with the national education goals that sound"Develop Creativity". Based on the description,considered urgent for researching the education of the tarekatled by KH. Achmad Asrori, about the purpose of national education,and about the relevance of KH. Achmad Asroritowards national education goals. This research aims todescribe the perspective education of KH. Achmad Asrori,national education goals, and relevance of tarekat educationperspective of KH. Achmad Asrori towards national education goals.The approach or method used in this study isLibrary Research (library research). Because data will be extractedfrom library data, namely, books by KH. Achmad Asrori,books about educational goals, and other datasupport. The results of the study indicate that the essence of Educationperspective KH. Achmad Asrori al-Ishaqi is educationmorality or karkter through perfection of adab with a barometer of sufiyyah behavior that uses practical methods, namely,practice of dhikir or wirid in the guidance of the teacher of the murshidthere is a spiritual bond through mubaya'ah to cleanse the diseaseheart in order to be willing to Allah. The purpose of educationthe national goal that is to be achieved is to develop the potential of the citizensIndonesia as a whole to become a complete human being(al-Insan al-kamil) both in terms of material zahiriyyah and sidesbatiniyyah. While the relevance of the KH tarekat education. AchmadAsrori towards the aim of national education is that educationthe tarekat also formed an Indonesian citizencomplete through improvements in spiritual mental terms.
SPIRITUAL CIRCLE IN MURSHID AND PURE RELATION SURGERY
Authors: Syatori Ahmad
Published: May 2021

In this journal contains a description of the explanation of the relationship (relationship) between someone who plays himself as a teacher spiritual guide (Murshid) with other people who act as followers (Disciples). The second role is certainly not a role in the theater or soap opera shows that we watch on television, but it is a concrete manifestation on the real stage of life. In the tradition sosial urf social-attraction there are life phenomena that are very unique and interesting to study and examine in depth. Because in this phenomenon there is a mirror of human life, which between one another has a very strong relationship and attachment between them. This relationship can be intensively interwoven both physically and mentally which is implemented directly in religious spiritual life and social life. From each of them there were those who became role models who were very adhered to and respected, namely a murshid teacher. While others become followers who are very obedient and loyal, namely a student. The closeness of the relationship between murshid and students is part of an inseparable relationship. Both are bound and related to each other. Each of them takes care and maintains each other. This kind of life portrait is a picture of past life in the time of the Prophet and his companions. Where the Prophet's figure was his capacity as a figure who became uswah (role model) for his companions whose capacity was a loyal follower of the Prophet. This paper aims to reveal the pact around the scope of life in the circle of social-spiritual life played by God's chosen servants.
al-Munqiz Min al-Dhalal: Sebuah Upaya Pembacaan Epistemologis
Authors: - Kusroni
Published: May 2021

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali dikenal sebagai tokoh Islam dengan julukan Hujjatul Islam. Ia dikenal sebagai ulama yang multi talenta, dan menghasilkan berbagai karya otoritatif dalam berbagai cabang keilmuan Islam, mulai dari Teologi, Fiqih, Ushul Fiqh, Filsafat, dan Tasawuf. Hal yang menarik dari sosok al-Ghazali ini adalah bahwa ia menulis sebuah karya otobiografi yang menggambarkan proses perjalanan panjangnya dalam dunia intelektual maupun spiritual.
JUMLAH ANAK IDEAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS
Authors: - Muzamil
Published: May 2021

Hadis sebagai sumber ajaran Islam mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar pada prilaku umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan. Di antaranya pemahaman dan perilaku masyarakat dalam kehidupan keluarga. Di antara hadis yang banyak dijadikan alasan untuk membenarkan sebuah prilaku untuk memperbanyak keturunan adalah hadis Nabi Muhammad saw. Namun, di sisi lain pemerintah Indonesia memiliki kebijakan mengikuti program KB (Keluarga Berencana) dengan selogan “Dua anak cukup”.

Rumusan dari latar belakang tersebut ada dua. Pertama, bagaimana kualitas hadis tersebut. Kedua, berapa jumlah anak yang ideal menurut hadis tersebut, hadis terkait dan pertimbangan lain.  

Penelitian ini bercorak penelitian kepustakaan (library reseacrh). Adapun sifat penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis pesan hadis tersebut adalah metode kritik dan pemahaman hadis yang mencakup dua hal, tekstual dan kontekstual.

Dengan menerapkan metode tersebut, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa hadis tersebut berkualitas sahih dari sisi sanad dan matan. Dari sisi sanad, hadis ini memiliki lima jalur dari level sahabat sampai kolektornya. Dalam ilmu Must}alah al Hadi}th, Hadis tersebut termasuk dalam kategori Hadis Ahad yang secara spesifik disebut Hadis Masyhur. Adapun jumlah  anak yang ideal adalah tiga dengan argumen  a) Dalam tata bahasa Arab, kata banyak atau jama’ merujuk pada angka tiga.  b). Untuk mempertahankan Peradaban dan kebudayaan yang sangat terkait dengan keberlangsungan generasinya. c) Menurut teori sibling rivalry, Stabilitas perkembangan psikologis anak lebih baik jika jumlah anak lebih dari dua.
MAHKOTA SINGGASANA DALAM ISTANA SHUFIYAH
Authors: Syatori Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Kajian ilmiah ini di dalamnya memuat ulasan tentang pendakian-pendakian (suluk) para shufiyah dalam menempuh suatu penjalanan yang sangat jauh menuju suatu tempat kesempurnaan di sisi Allah Swt. yang disebut dengan maqomat. Dalam uraian pembahasannya mengkaji seputar hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pangkat, derajat dan kedudukan (maqomat) serta  perilaku batin (ahwal ) para shufiyah dalam rangka shidqu al-tawajjuh  menghadap Allah Swt. dengan penuh  kesungguhan baik lahir maupun batin. Berangkat dan berawal dari sebuah perjalanan spiritual para shufi tersebut, maka kemudian jurnal ilmiah ini diberi judul dengan tajuk "Mahkota Singgasana Dalam Istana Shufiyah", yang maksudnya tiada lain adalah untuk menggambarkan tentang eksistensi dan kemuliaan-kemuliaan para shufiyah yang telah memiliki maqom (pangkat, derajat dan kedudukan) yang luhur dan berada dalam genangan kemakrifatan kepada Allah Swt. Mahkota adalah sebagai simbol penisbatan bagi seorang shufi yang telah mencapai suatu gelar atau pangkat mahkota kemakrifatan billah. Sedangkan singgasana digambarkan sebagai kedudukan atau derajat maqom tertentu bagi seorang shufi dalam maqomat yang ada. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan istana shufiyah tiada lain adalah puncak pendakian seorang shufi yang telah sampai (wushul) dan berada disuatu tempat yang luhur yakni kesempurnaan ma'rifat billah. Sungguh merupakan suatu kenikmatan, karunia dan anugerah yang sangat agung dan istimewa bagi hamba-hamba Allah, manakala mereka telah mampu mencapai dan meraih semua itu. Melalui berbagai proses dan latihan yang ketat (riyadloti nafs) serta disiplin diri yang kuat (mujahadati nafs) dalam rangka membentuk jiwa dan hati yang bersih, suci dan kosong (takholli ) dari sikap dan perilaku yang buruk dan tercela (akhlak madzmumah)  serta menghiasi (tahalli) diri dengan sikap dan perilaku yang baik dan terpuji (akhlak mahmudah). Maka kemudian mereka sampai dan tersampaikan (wushul), tunduk dan bersimpuh di hadapan kekasihnya yang sejati Allah Swt. untuk menerima berbagai sirri-rahasia, hikmah dan hakikat (tajalli) yang luhur dari Dzat Yang Maha  Agung dan Sempurna (Allah Swt.).
PENGARUH QIRA’AH MUTAWATIRAH DALAM HUKUM FIQH
Authors: Sari Abu
Published: May 2021

Qira’ah mutawatirah disepakati oleh mayoritas ulama sebagai varian dari bacaan al-Qur’an dan bahkan bagian dari al-Qur’an itu sendiri. Dan berakibat kufur bagi siapa saja yang mengikarinya. Namun demikian, ulama masih mempunyai sikap dan pandangan yang tidak sama mengenai qira’ah mutawatirah. Ada yang mengatakan, qira’ah mutawatirah hanya qira’ah tujuh, dan ada yang berpendapat juga tiga bacaan yang menyempurnakan tujuh bacaan itu yang kemudian disebut dengan qira’ah sepuluh. Selain itu, ulama juga tidak sependapat mengenai sisi kemutawatirannya, ada yang berasumsi kemutawatiran itu baik dalam asal maupun cabangnya. Ada juga yang mengatakan qira’ah tujuh itu mutawatirah, kecuali dalam hal penyampaiannya, seperti bacaan mad, imalah, membaca takhfif pada huruf Hamzah dan semisalnya, dan masih pendapat lainnya. Keberadaan qira’ah mutawatirah bukan hanya hadir sebagai varian bacaan dalam al-Qur’an, tetapi juga memberi dampak perbedaan penafsiran dalam dunia tafsir. Sehingga tidak heran jika kemudian berimplikasi pada perbedaan pengambilan hukum Fikih dari suatu ayat karena pengaruh qira’ah itu sendiri. Dalam tulisan ringkas ini, penulis mencoba menyajikan pengertian qira’ah mutawatirah dan pengaruhnya terhadap pengambilan hukum Fikih.
KRITIK AL-GHAZALI TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN PARA FILOSOF
Authors: Rozi Fathur
Published: May 2021

This study explains al-Ghazali’s argumentative criticism in Tahafut al-Falasifah. It aims to analyze the intentions of al-Ghazali’s argumentative refutation of other alleged rational thinkers considered by irfani epistemology as the cause of decline of Islam and to observe the method used by al-Ghazali in his argument. This study is a library research which is included in the qualitative research cluster. The result of study is that the intentions of al- Ghazali’s argumentative criticism are to discuss the twenty errors of Muslim philosophers, namely al-Farabi and Ibn Sina in matters of metaphysical philosophy. The method used by al-Ghazali is also the same as Aristotle’s criticism of Eudoxus, that is attacking Muslim philosophers in terms of the arguments they built, even labelling them as heretics and infidels/apostates. This method is known as argumentum ad hominem because it attacks Muslim philosophers when it comes to argumentation. It is built on the dialectical method of speech or in other terms known as jawab wa su’al which always recalls an imaginary trial. Keywords: Tahafut al-Falasifa, al-Ghazali, argumentative criticism
TEORI-TEORI IGNAZ GOLDZIHER DALAM STUDI HADIS
Authors: Arifin Syamsul
Published: May 2021

Pemikiran Goldziher dalam kajian hadis sangat berpengaruh pada orientalis generasi selanjutnya, sehingga pemikiran-pemikirannya masih layak untuk diteliti ulang. Secara umum Ignaz tidak jauh berbeda dengan para orientalis lainnya dalam melakukan study hadis (eksistensi hadis), yang tidak lepas dari tiga kelompok besar skeptis, sanguine (non-skeptis), dan middle ground. Dari bahasan ini dapat diketahui bagaimana posisi intelektual Goldziher terutama dalam karyanya Mohammedanische Studien, teori-teori Golziher seperti merekontruksi istilah hadis dan sunnah dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis yang kritis dan skeptis. Metode kritik matan menjadi argumen bahwa hadis-hadis yang diyakini kesahihannya adalah palsu yang dibuat untuk kepentingan kekuasaan. Namun teori-teori itu kemudian dibantah oleh ilmuan hadis seperti Azami dan Musthafa al-Siba’i, dengan pembuktian teks-teks awal, dan penelusuran ulang terhadap argumentasi yang dipakai Goldziher, serta dikuatkan dengan pentatan hadis sejak masa Rasulullah SAW
KARAKTERISTIK MANUSIA DALAM PANDANGAN TASAWUF
Authors: Syatori Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Kajian ilmiah ini didalamnya memuat penjelasan tentang identitas jati diri manusia dalam pandangan ulama shufiyah. Dalam uraian pembahasannya menyoroti mengenai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan anatomi manusia dalam pembentukan karakter, jiwa dan kepribadiannya yang sempurna. Nilai dan ajaran tasawuf juga ternyata dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dan referensi dalam hubungannya dengan diri seseorang dan orang lain serta lingkungan dimana manusia hidup saling berinteraksi. Dari hubungan interaksi antara seseorang dengan orang lain itupula dapat diketahui tentang karakter, jiwa dan kepribadiannya masing-masing.Tasawuf tidak hanya menyoroti sisi bagian dalam diri manusia secara batin saja sebagaimana pandangan dan perkiraan kebanyakan orang secara umum, akan tetapi tasawuf sesungguhnya tasawuf juga menyoroti berbagai sisi dan segi kemanusiaan, baik yang ada dalam ruang dimensi tasawuf itu sendiri maupun ruang-ruang dimensi lainnya termasuk sisi bagian dalam karakteristik manusia. Sudut pandang tasawuf dalam kajiannya tidak bisa terlepas dari sudut pandang yang ada dalam kajian anatomi manusia, baik bagian dari dimensi dalam (batin) maupun bagian dimensi luar (dzohir). Adapun sudut pandang tasawuf dalam orientasinya terhadap dimensi batin lebih menitik beratkan pada nilai-nilai ajaran spiritual, sedangkan sudut pandang tasawuf dalam kaitannya dengan anatomi manusia lebih menitik beratkan pada bentuk psikologis secara lahir. Namun demikian, secara prinsip masing-masing sudut pandang tersebut tetap memiliki hubungan kesesuaian dan keterkaiatan yang saling mengikat di antara keduanya.
Research on Time-delay Vibration Reduction Control of 1/4 Vehicle Model
Authors: Zhang Yongguo , Ma Kehui , Xu Zhen , Chen Yajie , Zhou Pengcheng
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a 1/4 vehicle suspension model with time-delay state feedback control is established, and the maximum time-delay allowed by different feedback gains in the control system is solved according to the Lyapunov stability theory. The stability of the vehicle suspension system is analyzed, and the vibration characteristics of the system are analyzed in the frequency domain and time domain. The simulation results show that the time-delay feedback control can effectively improve the damping performance of the vehicle suspension and improve the ride comfort of vehicle.
A Review of Remdesivir Use in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Authors: Okobi Okelue Edwards , Medard Jennifer Dorce , Harberger Seneca , Falconi Giselle , Okobi Tobechukwu Joseph , Okobi Isioma Francis , Okobi Rita Kimble , Presendieu Heden , Bhattarai Manoj , Elimihele Thomas , Dawkins Bryan , Gunawardene Ishan
Published: May 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread quickly worldwide following the first report of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, China. Since then, the incidence and mortality have continued to rise, with over 120 million cases of COVID-19 globally. The agency for Food and Drug Administration approved Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19, in October 2020. This approval supports the use of Remdesivir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and children ≥12 years of age who weigh ≥40 kg. The use of Remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients was timely considering the rapid rate of spread and mortality from the disease, especially among elderly patients and those with existing comorbidities, including renal disease. There have been reports of increased mortality rate in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy following exposure to the virus. While Remdesivir has been considered safe and effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recommendations have been issued against its use in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) – patients with glomerular infiltration rate (eGFR) <30mL/min/1.73m2. This is due to minimal safety data from clinical trials involving the use of Remdesivir in patients with ESRD and concerns of liver necrosis and renal tubule obstruction from earlier animal studies. This review focuses on existing literature on the use of patients with ESRD and their outcomes. While further studies are needed to prove the safety of Remdesivir among patients with ESRD, available literature shows that the advantages of short-duration therapy (5-10 days) outweigh the risk, especially when combined with hemodialysis and constant monitoring of Remdesivir concentration.
Field Performance Evaluation of a Combined Cultivator Developed at Kenana Sugar Company- Sudan
Authors: Dahab Mohamed H. , Numan Mohamed H. , Abdalla Omer A.
Published: May 2021

Sugar cane production requires a number of operations to be carried out in the field through number of implements and machines. Therefore, time consuming and required large amount of energy. A combined field cultivator was designed in Kenana agricultural implements factory (KAIF) to carry out at one time multi operations, cultivation, furrow-reforming and Fertilizer placement. This is to increase field productivity, reduce farm power and lower operation time and cost. The combined implement was evaluated in Kenana cultivation fields and compared with the three individual implements, rigid tine cultivator, furrow reformer and fertilizer applicator. The measured parameters were drawbar pull, power requirements, field capacity, fuel consumption and total time in the field. The results showed highly significant differences at 1% level between the different implements for the field capacity, fuel consumption and significant differences at 5% for the drawbar pull. Power requirement in (kW) for the combined cultivator was 77% of those individual implements. Total time per feddan to accomplish the required operations by the combined cultivator was 57% of that required by the individual implements. Fuel consumption was reduced to 57% when combined implement was used compared to that consumed by individual implements. It was concluded that the combined cultivator was effective in increasing field productivity and reducing power and cost of operations.
New Formation of Islamic Legislative System by Muḥammad Iqbāl
Authors: Shamsuddin Salahuddin Mohd.
Published: May 2021

If we want to study Muḥammad Iqbāl’s Islamic thought, we have to study his book: (Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam) before reading any book about him, as we cannot ignore this book on this subject, because the researcher cannot reach the depth of his thought and philosophy without studying this book. Iqbāl has philosophized in the statement of these complex topics that are related to “the science and spiritual experiences”, the perception of the existence of God, the reality and habit, the human self, the compulsory and choice, the spirit of Islamic civilization, Ijtihād, and development of Islamic legislative system. Iqbāl’s character in this book appears, as an Islamic poet, thinker and philosopher, in which we also see Iqbāl as he wants to develop a new Islamic science of speech. It should be noted that Muḥammad Iqbāl addressed these topics with careful research and deep study in the light of the teachings of Islam and modern philosophy, and opened the doors of thinking about Islam to his contemporary thinkers and scholars and those who came after them. Iqbāl by his mentality and being influenced by the philosophical approach tends to the synthesis of this method of mental analysis, but because of his religious tendency, he also tends to correct the steps of thought itself by highlighting the Qur’anic view on the content of the mental experience to follow in its footsteps towards the truth, using the descriptive analytical approach that is always fit in the treatment of such topics.
Simulation of Pavement Random Excitation Based on Harmonic Superposition Method
Authors: Ma Kehui , Zhang Yongguo , Zhen Xü
Published: May 2021

The road input model is very important in the analysis of vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the spatial frequency power spectral density and the time power spectral density of the road, the road signal generation model is established. The simulation is carried out under different vehicle speeds, and the B and C-level random road time excitation signals are generated. The power spectral density is used to compare the simulation results of the model with the road classification standard. The experimental results show that the results are accurate and can provide reliable excitation signals for vehicle control research.
Breast cancer analysis using Machine Learning algorithms
Authors: Alkhathlan Lina , Saudagar Abdul Khader Jilani
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the leading causes of death for women around the world. Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast cells mutate and form a malignant tumor. State-of-the-art technologies can detect BC at an early stage, which helps in treatment and reduces the risk of death. Medical doctors commonly use breast tissue biopsy when diagnosing breast cancer, enabling them to take a microscopic look for breast tissue and determine whether the tissue is benign or malignant. To improve biopsy results, many researchers have studied the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to help doctors detect any harmful changes that may lead to cancer. In this research work detail analysis of Breast Cancer using support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms is performed and the results show CNN has more superior results in comparison to SVM in the recognition of images affected by Breast Cancer.
Does Ethnicity Matters in Capital Structure Decision in Family Firms? Overview of Agency Theory
Authors: Noorhayati YUSOF ALI , Zuriyati AHMAD
Published: May 2021

Drawing on the evidence indicating that prominent features of Asian companies are notably the concentrated ownership with extensive family ownership and dominance of controlling shareholders controlled by two main ethnic groups in Malaysia, namely the Chinese and the Malays, this study attempts to investigate the effect of ownership and ethnicity on the financing decisions of Malaysian family firms.
Portuguese Local E-government: A Study on the Most Adopted Databases in 2019
Authors: Sá Filipe , Martins Pedro , Abbasi Maryam
Published: May 2021

The selected database engine significantly impacts the performance of electronic services. This impact also affects governmental e-services. Based on several inquiries to all Portugal city halls, this study ranks the different available databases (commercial and non-commercial) in the year 2019.
Strengthening the Quality of Service Oriented to Medical Tourists: A Strategy for The Sustainability of The Hotel Sector in Barraquilla
Authors: CASTELLANO María Isabel , BITTAR Olga , CARIDAD Migdalia
Published: May 2021

Medical tourism has shown a sustained increase in recent years in Colombia. As part of the DNA in the dynamics of the hotel sector, the quality of service is a fundamental aspect that determines how the medical tourist perceives his stay.
Database Encryption for Balance Between Performance and Security
Authors: Gomes André , Santos Carla , Wanzeller Cristina , Martins Pedro
Published: May 2021

In an increasingly digital world, information security is a very recurring theme and a growing concern for companies. This involves the protection of data and confidential or non-confidential information of a company, which transit between all its sectors and between the organization and its stakeholders.