bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of CT Nose Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Endoscopy for Decision Making in a Case of Deviated Nasal Septum
Authors: Hazra Sayan , Choudhary Ankit , Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Biswas Subhradev , Das Biswas Kaustuv
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) can be asymptomatic in an individual or may cause nasal obstruction. The condition is generally diagnosed clinically and based on clinical diagnosis it is managed Surgically by large without much heed to diagnostic procedure. Thus, often underlying other causes of Obstruction is missed. Thus, it becomes essential to evaluate every patient presenting with history of Nasal obstruction and clinically Deviated septum, with aid of Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) to rule out/diagnose other coexisting conditions.

Methods and Methodology

100 patients who presented with nasal obstruction and clinically diagnosed to have Deviated Nasal Septum were then subjected to Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose and PNS and findings were noted for analysis.

Results and Analysis

Of these 100 patients, 48 patients were found to have coexisting pathological conditions/anatomical variants. Various anatomical and pathological Conditions were found to coexist together. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 34% is the most common pathological condition found to be associated with DNS followed by of sinusitis in 25% patients apart from polyp, concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinate.

Discussion

Studies done so far shows there is a definite link of deviated nasal septum to various anatomical and pathological conditions of the nose.  CT Scan Nose PNS and Nasal Endoscopy plays a vital role in diagnosing such anomalies.

Conclusion

Most of the patients, presenting with nasal obstruction and having Deviated Nasal Septum, undergo management without proper analysis and returns with recurrence of symptoms which could be analyzed properly if Nasal endoscopy and CT scan is employed during diagnosis of the condition, reducing risk of treatment failure.
Lingual and Mediastinal Ectopic Thyroid with No Normal Thyroid Gland – A Very Rare Occurrence
Authors: Kalyan N Shyam , Basu Deepjoy , Agarwal Mehak , Bose Dulal
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Ectopic thyroid is a  rare  congenital  condition.  Dual ectopic  thyroid  is  rarer still with  only  30  cases  reported  in  literature.  The  most  common  location  is  the  lingual  or  sublingual  region  followed  by  the  hyoid  region.  Instances  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid  with  one  in  lingual  region  and  the  other  in  mediastinum  are very few.

Case  Report

A  case  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid is presented with  absent  normal  thyroid  in  a  girl  of  14  years  who  presented  with  difficulty  in  swallowing  and  lump  sensation  in  throat.  Ultrasound,  MRI  scan  and  Technetium  99m  pertechnetate  thyroid  scan  were  done.  She  showed  lingual  thyroid  and  thyroid  tissue  in  upper  mediastinum  and  no  thyroid  tissue  in  the  normal  anatomical  location. 

Discussion

The  discovery  of  mediastinal  ectopic  thyroid  was  incidental.  She  had  subclinical  hypothyroidism  and  was  treated  with  thyroxine  replacement  therapy.
Mycological Profile in Otomycosis Patients: A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ankale Nitin , Nagmoti Jyoti M , Anand Utkarsh
Published: August 2020

Introduction

This study was conducted to study the fungal profile in otomycosis patients in the tropical region of North Karnataka. A total of 108 samples of symptomatic otomycosis were investigated in this study.

Materials and Methods

Aural swabs were collected on 1st visit and these swabs were immediately inoculated over Sabouraud’s dextrose agar media and incubated at 37 degree Celsius for culture of fungi.

Results

Fungal pathogens were isolated in 89 samples, 18 samples were negative and 1 sample was reported as being contaminated. Fungi belonging to genus Aspergillus was isolated in 92.11% of cases of which Aspergillus niger was commonest isolated in 38(41.57%) followed br Aspergillus flavus 32(35.95%) and Aspergillus fumigatus 7(7.86%). Candida species were found in 2(2.24%) and Mucor in 1(1.12%). The most common symptom was Itching 91(84.25%). In this study ear discharge was the commonest finding (44.44%) followed by Black mycotic plug (28.70%).

Conclusion

Otomycosis is a condition encountered in hot, humid climate with symptoms like itching and ear discharge. Aspergillus and Candida are the fungal species responsible for majority of cases. Local antifungal treatment with measures like keeping the ear dry resolves most of the cases.
Imperceptible Scar over Face and Neck: A New Aesthetic Modification of Parotid Incision
Authors: KS Gangadhara , Shetty Hamsa , S Sridhara
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The mainstay of treatment for parotid tumours is surgery. Since the incision site involves visible areas of head and neck several modifications have evolved since its first description in 1912 by Blair and all the subsequent incisions have more or less aimed at giving better aesthesis in terms of post-operative facial scar. We describe a modification of earlier incisions for parotidectomy, which aims at camouflaging the post-operative facial and neck scar.

Materials and Methods

Fourteen patients were included in this study, who presented with parotid tumours and underwent either superficial or total parotidectomy. The modified incision was used in all the patients and various parameters were recorded (intra operatively as well as post operatively during the follow up visits, upto 1year) including post-operative scar visibility and patient satisfaction in terms of aesthetic appeal.

Results

All the 14 patients reported highly satisfied in terms of post-operative aesthetic outcome. There was no intra operative limitation of exposure by using this modified incision and neither any significant post-operative complication was encountered.

Conclusion

Our attempt at evolving an aesthetically modified incision for parotidectomy with no facial or neck scar post-operatively was achieved, along with certain more extended benefits of using this innovative incision.
Comparison of Post-operative Outcomes of Endoscopic and Microscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty-A Retrospective
Authors: S Gurumani , R Valli , Das Deepthy
Published: August 2020

Introduction

With increasing popularity of  Endoscopic middle ear surgeries, a better understanding of the features salient to endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty has gained importance. This study aims to compare the results of both.

 

Materials and Methods

It is a retrospective study based on MRD data collected from January 2017 to July 2018 on 40 patients with dry central perforation. 20 patients underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty and other 20 underwent microscopic tympanoplasty. Results of the surgery were compared at the end of 3 months which was based on the outcomes of surgery by means of graft uptake, comparison of pre-op and post-op audiogram readings .

Results

Eighteen cases (90%) of endoscopic surgery had mild CHL while in microscopic surgery 7 cases (35%) had moderate CHL. Average pre–op  ABG was 29.05 dB in microscopic  and 22.8dB in endoscopic surgery.  Average post-op ABG 12.65dB and 18.4 for endoscopic and microscopic surgery. There was significant improvement in hearing gain in both the surgeries (p<0.001). Graft uptake was found to be have similar outcome.

Conclusion

Endoscopic tympanoplasty can be a good alternative of microscopic tympanoplasty but needs more training as compared to conventional method.
Schwannoma of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Muddaiah Dechu , Venkatarangaiah Srinivas , V Prashanth , Hussain M Mohammed Adil
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Mesenchymal tumours of submandibular gland are extremely rare. Schwannoma of the salivary glands is a particularly rare form of an extracranial neurogenic tumour.

 Case Report

Here, we present an unusual case of schwannoma of submandibular gland in a 16 year old girl, who underwent total excision of mass with submandibular gland excision with no cranial nerve deficits. The details of the histopathologic features are present .

 

Discussion

Schwannoma of the salivary gland is a particularly rare form of an extracranial neurogenic tumour. Our case indicates good prognosis in a case of submandibular gland schwannoma after surgical excision.
Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma) of True Vocal Fold: A Rare Laryngeal Malignancy
Authors: Bhardwaj Rohit , Gupta Ankur , Ponnusamy Sabarirajan , Nathan Karthika
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma also known as Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, is a malignanat tumour which commonly involves upper and lower extremities and the retroperitoneum. Only a few sporadic MFHs located in the head and neck have been reported in the literature. Rarely the tumor can involve larynx. Complete excision of the tumor is the standard treatment but post-operative chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy is also recommended in selected cases.

Case Report

We present a rare case report of pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma also known as malignanat fibrous histiocytoma of true vocal fold in a 65 years old male patient. The patient presented to us with complaints of change in voice for past 3 months. He also reported about his smoking habits for past 35 years. On detailed examination of head and neck region no palpable lymph nodes were detected. Oral and nasal cavity examination also did not reveal any pathology. On endoscopic laryngeal assessment a polypoidal mass was seen arising from posterior half of anterior third of left true vocal fold. The vocal fold mobility was found normal.We completely excised the tumor by microlaryngeal surgery. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the excised tissue identified the tumor being a pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma which was positive for Vimentin, EMA and negative for CK, p63. Patient did not receive radiotherapy/ chemotherepy in postoperative period. Patient has been under follow-up for past 6 months and is disease free as of now.

Discussion

Mesenchymal malignancies of larynx are rare entities. Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma also known as malignanat fibrous histiocytoma is one of such malignancy. The treatment consists of complete excision of the lesion. The need of post-operative radiotherapy and/ chemotherapy depends on the extent of disease.
Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhoea: Results from 21 Cases
Authors: Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Kundu Indranath , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Banerjee Suyash
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Surgery to close the skull base defect is the treatment of choice in persistent spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with endoscopic endonasal repair being the method of choice.  This study analysed the demographics of presentation, optimal diagnostic and localisation strategies and the effectiveness of transnasal endoscopic treatment strategies  with post-operative follow-up of CSF rhinorrhoea patients in a tertiary care institution   .

Materials and Methods

 A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 21 CSF rhinorrhoea patients operated on between August 2014 and August 2018 and results documented.

Results

CSF rhinorrhoea was found most commonly in middle aged female patients in our study. HRCT PNS was capable of identifying a leak site in 66% of the cases. All patients were operated endoscopically with no major intra-operative or post-operative complications. Resolution of CSF leak occurred in 85% of cases.

Conclusion

CSF rhinorrhoea can be diagnosed and endoscopic repair can be effectively performed in our existing tertiary care set-ups with good results.
Antibiotic Use: Knowledge and Practice of Medical Undergraduate Students in Kolkata
Authors: De Maumita , Mukherjee Diptanshu
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Excessive use and misuse of antibiotics worldwide, both in human medicine and in agriculture has led to increased occurrence of bacterial resistance. Medical students should be aware of the judicious use of antibiotics, so that they can help the general population in future. Present study assesses knowledge of antibiotic use among first year undergraduate medical students and their practice in own life.

Materials and Methods

An observational, cross sectional study was conducted during a three-month period among first year undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Kolkata. A validated self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was carried out to determine any significant difference.

Results

About 85% of the participants were aware of the indication of antibiotic for treating bacterial infections only. Around 44% of the students had an average knowledge score compared to 28% having good knowledge score. Majority (76%) of the medical students obtained last antibiotics by a doctor’s prescription, but 54% completed the course as advised by doctor and purpose of taking antibiotic was fever mainly (41%). Statistically significant (P< 0.05) difference on pattern of their antibiotic use was found according to their socioeconomic status and knowledge score.

Conclusion

Changing the prescribing behaviour and knowledge of the healthcare professionals can help a lot to achieve rational use of antibiotic. It is also suggested that giving a comprehensive training of antibiotic use to the medical students and creating their awareness about frequent antimicrobial resistance could be a successful and encouraging approach.
Assessing the Accuracy of Different Supervised Classification Methods of Satellite Image
Authors: Abah Ibochi Andrew , Uriah Richard jeremiah
Published: August 2020

Assessing the accuracy of the classification map is an essential area in remote sensing digital image process. This is because a poorly classified map will result in inestimable errors of spatial analysis and modeling arising from the use of such data. This study was designed to evaluate different supervised classification algorithms in terms of accuracy assessment with a view of recommending an appropriate algorithm for image processing. The analysis was carried out using Andoni L.G.A. Rivers State, Nigeria as the study area. Supervised classification of ETM+ 2014 Landsat image of the study area was carried out using ENVI 5.0 software. Seven land use/land cover categories were identified on the image data and appropriate information classes were also assigned using region of interest. The classifiers adopted for the study include SAM, SVM, and MDC and each classifier was set using appropriate thresholds and parameters. The output error matrix of the classified map produced overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for MDC as 94.00% and 0.91, SAM as 64.45% and 0.53, and SVM as 98.92% and 0.98 respectively. The overall accuracy obtained from SVM indicates that a perfect classification map will be produced from the algorithm. The advanced supervised classification should be utilized for classification of land use/ land cover for both high and medium resolution images for improved classification accuracy.
Determinants of Structural Change in the Dairy Sector
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Palash M. Salauddin
Published: August 2020

Even though the dairy products are not a staple food item, but they are necessary for humans as an excellent source of protein. The consumption of dairy commodities began a long time ago, and over time there has been an improvement in the processing to match the changes in the tastes. Small scale dairy production was the root of today’s dairy sector. However, now it is going on a large scale. This changed gradually through a process accompanied by different factors. This study aimed at identifying and understanding existing determinants and their role behind the change in the dairy sector. For this, peer-reviewed articles published by researchers around the world were obtained with all possible search combinations from reputed online databases. Statistical data were collected from reliable statistical data providers, and all activities were done focusing on the determinants of changing the dairy sector. The regulatory policy framework of dairy-producing countries, change in farm size, shift in consumption pattern, etc. were found as the most crucial factors behind the change. Possible suggestions required to keep pace with this massive change were discussed.
Assessing Sexual Function of Women after 12 Months of IUD Usage
Authors: Lamptey Emmanuel , oladokun Adesina , A. Okunlola Michael
Published: August 2020

The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a well-accepted method of contraception. Most women are currently using it because of its effectiveness, longevity, and affordability. Moreover, users need no strict routine instructions for IUD. However, many women in the absence of any pre-existing conditions that may impair sexual functions discontinue the method due to poor sexual satisfaction. This paper aims to assess and measure the effects of IUDs on sexual function in women with no underlying condition over a period of 12 months. This study employed a longitudinal approach. To be eligible to participate, the study enrolled 260 women who have chosen to use IUDs willingly on their own at these selected centers during this period and are aged 20 years and above. It collected data at baseline and at 12 months of use. Measurements at these two timelines were done using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among participants after 12 months was 47.7% (124). In the analysis of Mean scores, FSFI at baseline and at 12 months was 31.31 and 24.76 respectively (p<0.05). Significantly reduced scores (p=0.001), for all the six domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) of sexual function were noted. Desire and pain were the most affected areas of sexual function with very low scores. Without any underlying and related triggers of sexual health, the study discovered that IUDs have the potentials to cause female sexual dysfunction in almost half of its users.
Expedição Amazônia - Promoção de saúde bucal com a população ribeirinha
Authors: Vieira Netto Moysés Francisco , Borsoi Chicon Juliana
Published: August 2020

This article aims to analyze the collective oral health activities of teachers and dental academics with a view to preventing caries and promoting the health of riverine people in the Amazon. Ludic (music, theater), evaluation of the prevalence of dental caries and the need for treatment were used as intervention methodology. All participants reported their perceptions in a field diary and photographic album organization. The result of the study shows that the riverside habitants presented a higher incidence of caries compared to the national average, with very low access to clinical dental treatment. It is concluded that eating habits, culture and precarious access to consumer goods and dental treatment interfere in the result, raising the caries index of the riverside beyond the national average.
Contribuições e competências do coordenador de curso alinhadas ao modelo de aula FAESA
Authors: Bacheti Ana Lucia
Published: August 2020

Faced with the scenarioof a diversified economy, social inequalities and people increasingly connected to the virtual world, the demand for professionalization is increasing, so a new management model is essential in all organizations in today's society. Regarding education, this model has an even greater dimension in the teaching-learning management process, considering the responsibility of Higher Education Institutions to make knowledge accessible to all. Thus, all the involved parts of the institution should be integrated toachieve the results focused on the management that involve the Pedagogical Project and the Institutional and organizational Planning. Course coordination is a relevant function for quality teaching, since it is a position with pedagogical, academic and scientific dimensions, besides being an administrative activity. In this article, we seek to highlight the contributions and competences of the Course Coordinator at FAESA Centro Universitário, and its importance to the advances in the quality of the coursesoffered, as a strategy to obtain a successful stay in the business world. As a basis for this research, the literature on University Management was sought, in addition to consulting the PPC, FAI's PDI and AULA FAESA Project to identify the attributions pertinent to the function, in line with institutional guidelines.
The Windrush Scandal
Authors: Goring Namitasha , Beckford Beverley , Bowman Simone
Published: August 2020

The Windrush Scandal: A Review of Citizenship, Belonging and Justice in the United Kingdom

This article points out that the UK Human Rights Act, 1998 does not have a clear provision guaranteeing a person’s right to a nationality. Instead, this right is buried in the European Court of Human Rights decisions of Smirnova v Russia, 2003 and Alpeyeva and Dzhalagoniya v. Russia, 2018. In these cases, the Court stretched the scope of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, 1953 on non-interference with private life by public authorities to extend to nationality. The humanitarian crisis arising from the Windrush Scandal was caused by the UK Government’s decision to destroy the Windrush Generation’s landing cards in the full knowledge that for many these slips of paper were the only evidence of their legitimate arrival in Britain between 1948 and 1971.

The kindling for this debacle was the ‘hostile environment policy’, later the ‘compliant environment policy’ that operated to formally strip British citizens of their right to a nationality in flagrant violation of international and domestic law. This article argues that the Human Rights Act, 1998 must be amended to include a very clear provision that guarantees in the UK a person’s right to a nationality as a portal to a person’s inalienable right to life. This balances the wide discretion of the Secretary of State under Section 4 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act, 2002 to deprive a person of their right to a nationality if they are deemed to have done something seriously prejudicial to the interests of the UK.

This article also strongly recommends that the Preamble to the UK Human Rights Act, 1998 as a de facto bill of rights, be amended to put into statutory language Independent Advisor Wendy Williams’ ‘unqualified apology’ recommendation in the Windrush Lessons Learned Report for the deaths, serious bodily and mental harm inflicted on the Windrush Generation. This type of statutory contrition is in line with those of countries that have carried out similar grievous institutional abuses and their pledge to prevent similar atrocities in the future. This article’s contribution to the scholarship on the Human Rights Act, 1998 is that the Windrush Generation Scandal, like African slavery and British colonization, has long-term intergenerational effects. As such, it is fundamentally important that there is a sharp, comprehensive and enforceable legal mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of citizens as well as settled migrants of ethnically non-British ancestry who are clearly vulnerable to bureaucratic impulses.
mocowanie implantu, zrost kostny, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), powłoka tytanowa
Authors: Abouelela Amr , Mubark Islam , Nagi Ahmed , Genena Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Background. This study examined the clinical outcomes of fixation of displaced fractures of the proximal humerus using a trans-deltoid approach.
Material and methods. Twenty patients (13 male and 7 female) were treated with this technique, with a mean age of the patients of 38.85 years (range, 19 to 64 years). All patients were followed up for at least twelve months and were evaluated according to the Constant shoulder score.
Results. The mean Constant Shoulder score was 87.45, ranging from 63 to 100. Ten patients (50%) had excellent results, four patients (20%) had good results, three patients (15%) had satisfactory results, and three had adequate results (15%). There was a statistically significant difference between the type of the fracture and the final score (p=0.013), where 3-part fractures with impaction (11-B1), either valgus or varus impaction, showed higher scores than those without impaction. Four patients presented with post-operative complications varying from superficial infection to radial nerve palsy.
Conclusions. 1. The trans-deltoid approach was a safe and reliable alternative to the delta-pectoral approach for the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures. 2. The impacted (11-B1) fracture type was a signifi­cant contributing factor in terms of good functional outcomes.
Analysis of Difficulties and Complications Following Implantation of Modular Prostheses in Patients with Lower Limb Bone Tumours
Authors: Pitera Tomasz , Guzik Grzegorz , Biega Piotr , Tarczyńska Marta , Gawęda Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

Background. The implantation of a modular prosthesis is the most popular method of reconstruction of bone defects in oncological patients. Along with clear-cut benefits associated with this procedure, there is also an increased risk of complications. Common complications include deep infections, aseptic loosening and mechanical implant damage. This study assessed the risk of complications following the implantation of a resection prosthesis in patients with lower limb bone tumours and to evaluate difficulties encountered during the treatment.
Material and methods. A total of 149 patients with lower limb tumours treated at the Department of Oncological Ortho­paedics in Brzozów had resection prostheses implanted in the years 2016 and 2017. We analysed this series and available literature reports with regard to complications of the procedure and those encountered during the treatment.
Results. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 117±45 minutes. Intraoperative complications occurred in 18 cases. Gluteal muscle failure was seen in 34 (43%) of the 74 patients with proximal femoral tumours, and impaired knee extension was noted in 4 (67%) of the 6 patients following resection of the proximal tibia. There were two cases of dislocation following megaprosthetic reconstruction of the hip joint. Impaired wound healing was noted in 7 (5%) patients. Post-operative trophic lesions of the skin were seen in 2 (2%), and peripheral nerve damage in 2 (2%) patients (fibular nerve). Thromboembolic complications were noted in 3 (3%) patients. No aseptic complications, mechanical implant damage or deaths were recorded.
Conclusions. 1. The most frequently encountered complication following the implantation of a modular prosthesis was muscle failure, which was associated with the extent of the procedure. 2. Aseptic loosening and mechanical implant damage were rare and occurred in the early postoperative period.
Factors Affecting Adherence to Follow-up Appointments after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yuenyongviwat Varah , Chunakiat Sahatsa , Purngpiputtrakul Peeranut , Wanasitchaiwat Pawin , Iamthanaporn Khanin , Hongnaparak Theerawit
Published: August 2020

Background. Regular attendance of follow-up visits after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an important aspect of post-TKA patient care. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate patient adherence to follow-up visits after TKA and analyze the factors that are associated with adherence to follow-up visits following TKA.
Material and methods. This study was a retrospective study. The data of 411 knee osteoarthritis patients who had primary TKA were extracted from a single tertiary care hospital’s electronic database. All of the pa­tients underwent the same patient care protocol. The log-rank test was used for detecting differences in follow-up survival and influencing factors. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results. The percentage of patients attending postoperative follow-up was 99.3 percent at 6 weeks, 61.1 percent after 1 year, 38.4 percent at 2 years, 32.1 percent after 3 years, and 24.6 percent at 4 years. Hazard ratios for loss to follow-up in patients younger than 65 years of age and those 65-75 years old, compared with those over 75 years old were 2.09 and 1.49, respectively (P<0.05). Patients classified as ASA II better adhered to follow-up visits than ASA III patients. (HR 0.71, P = 0.04). Lastly, HR in patients who lived at least 100 km away from the hospital compared with those who lived less than 100 km away was 0.78 (P = 0.033).
Conclusions. 1. Adherence to follow-up visits after TKA was lower than we had expected. 2. The importance of follow-up visits should be emphasized to all patients, and especially in those who require special attention, such as patients who are at high risk of post-operative complications.
Traumatic Knee Injuries: Analysis of Reporting Data from the Period 2016-2018 Using API Interface of Polish National Health Fund Statistics
Authors: Bednarski Piotr , Piekarska Karolina
Published: August 2020

Background. According to WHO statistics, injuries are among the main causes of contemporary health problems. Injury statistics have been showing a continuing upward trend over years. This is due to numerous factors, such as technological progress, increased life expectancy, change of lifestyle, growing popularity of sports and changes in working conditions. The structures affected by injuries within the knee joint include the ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and patellar retinacula, with the most common injuries being those to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci. The main objective of this paper is to determine the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury.
Material and methods. Determination of the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury was performed using the API Interface of National Health Fund (NFZ) Statistics-Benefits Version 1.0. The process of acquiring information on the number of patients consisted of four stages: preparation of a list of primary diagnoses according to ICD-10 classification, analysis of the ordinances of the President of NFZ concerning the conclusion and implementation of contracts on hospital treatment to select products that could be used to bill hospitalisation of patients with selected types of diagnosis, generating medical data using the API Interface of National Health Fund Statistics–Benefits and analysis of reporting data obtained.
Results. According to data reported to NFZ, a total of 101,773 patients were hospitalised due to traumatic knee injuries over the period of three years (2016–2018), which gives an average of ca. 34,000 patients annually.
Conclusions. 1. Knee injuries represent a very serious health problem in Poland. 2. Knee injuries most frequently affect the ligaments and menisci. 3. It seems necessary to develop a complete nation-wide database with up-to-date information on injuries in Poland that would enable providers to adapt medical services to the current needs of the patients.
Case Study of Emphysematous Osteomyelitis of Both Femoral Heads
Authors: Sribniak Andrii , Sulyma Vadym , Bihun Roman , Sribniak Zinovii
Published: August 2020

Early references of emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) in the literature trace back to 1981, when the presence of intraosseous gas was mentioned in a paper of Ram et al.. Subsequently, 48 cases of EO were described. A significant underlying comorbidity was reported in most EO cases, especially diabetes and malignancy. This report presents a 37-year-old male with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus which was accompanied by emphysematous osteomyelitis of both femoral heads.
Relationship Between Selenium Trace and Patient Outcome After Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Eslami Gohar , Salehi Roya , Samaee Hamidreza , Habibi Vallialah , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Moradimajd Parisa
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute stress response to heart surgery can cause major morbidity in patients. The trace of selenium is useful for preventing heart damage. Although the trend of selenium changes is of high importance for body balance, the usefulness of routine use and effectiveness of this element for patients under open-heart surgery is still unclear. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing serum selenium level before and after open-heart surgery and the relationship between selenium trace and patient outcome. Methods: This prospective analytical study was performed on 100 patients undergoing open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In all patients, the serum level was measured at a predetermined time (before surgery and one and two days after surgery). Then, the relationship between serum selenium and patient outcome was assessed. Results: The mean serum selenium level in patients on admission was 72.90 ± 14.62 μg/L, one day after surgery was 71.20 ± 15.84 μg/L, and two days after surgery was 71.54 ± 15.97 μg/L. Serum selenium levels were inversely and significantly associated with age (r = -0.183; P = 0.034, 013) duration of surgery (r = -221 and P = 0.014), duration of intensive care unit stay (r = 0.204, P = 0.021), and duration of CPB (r = 0.223, P = 013). Conclusions: Based on this study’s results, a low level of selenium can affect patients’ outcomes after open-heart surgery.
Dietary Diversity in School Going Children: Review
Authors: Singh Brij Pal , Sharma Mahak
Published: August 2020

Child malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries, and dietary diversity is one of the important determinants of undernutrition. Different nutrients are obtained from different food groups and to meet the requirement of recommended Dietary Allowances entitled as Dietary Diversity. The current review revealed that the nutrition status of children is directly related to the food groups consumed. Food diversity depends on many factors such as Socio-economic Status, education level, sex, and age of the subjects. The food group consumed and food items taken from each group were low in the low Socio-Economic Status (SES) subjects, rural areas, females, and less educated families, resulting in malnutrition among children of various countries. Low level of Dietary Diversity can be the reason for undernutrition in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Many studies thus supported that Dietary Diversity and Food Variety can provide nutritional adequacy.
Effect of a hydrogel spacer on the intrafractional prostate motion during CyberKnife treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshihiro , Saito Masahide , Onishi Hiroshi , Mochizuki Zennosuke , Mochizuki Koji , Satani Kenichiro , Sano Naoki , Aoki Shinichi , Marino Kan , Komiyama Takafumi , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogel spacer on intrafractional prostate motion during CyberKnife treatment. The retrospective study enrolled 24 patients (with the hydrogel spacer = 12, without the hydrogel spacer = 12) with two fiducial markers. Regarding intrafractional prostate motion, the offset values (mm) of three axes (X‐axis; superior [+] to inferior [−], Y‐axis; right [+] to left [−], Z‐axis; posterior [+] to anterior [−]) obtained from fiducial markers position between a digitally reconstructed radiographs images and live images in the Target Locating System were used, and extracted from generated log files. The mean values of the offset and each standard deviation were calculated for each patient, and both the groups were compared. For all the patients, a total of 2204 offset values and timestamps (without the hydrogel spacer group: 1065, with the hydrogel spacer group: 1139) were recorded for the X‐, Y‐, and Z‐axes, respectively. The offset values (mean ± standard deviation) for the X‐, Y‐, and Z‐axes were −0.04 ± 0.92 mm, −0.03 ± 0.97 mm (P = 0.66), 0.02 ± 0.51, −0.02 ± 0.49 mm (P = 0.50), and 0.56 ± 0.97 mm, 0.34 ± 1.07 mm (P = 0.14), in patients inserted without or with the hydrogel spacer, respectively. There was no effect of a hydrogel spacer on the intrafractional prostate motion in the three axes during CyberKnife treatment for prostate cancer.
Adults' difficulties in identifying concealment among children interviewed with the putative confession instructions
Authors: Gongola Jennifer , Quas Jodi A. , Clark Steven E. , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: August 2020

The putative confession (PC) instructions (“[suspect] told me everything that happened and wants you to tell the truth”) increases children's honesty. However, research has shown that children who maintain secrecy despite the PC are more convincing. We examined whether (a) the PC undermines adults' deception detection abilities or (b) children who conceal despite the PC are better deceivers. Adults evaluated truthful and deceptive children interviewed with the PC where the PC portion of the interview was either present or absent. Adults' deception detection was no worse when the PC was present; in fact, it was slightly better. Rather than negatively affecting adults' ability to detect deception, the PC selects an unusually convincing group of concealers.
Electrically Heatable Graphene Aerogels as Nanoparticle Supports in Adsorptive Desulfurization and High‐Pressure CO2 Capture
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Heng , Mannering Jamie , Huang Peng , Zheng Xiarong , Kulak Alexander , Baker Daniel , Iruretagoyena Diana , Menzel Robert
Published: August 2020

Reduced‐graphene‐oxide (rGO) aerogels provide highly stabilising, multifunctional, porous supports for hydrotalcite‐derived nanoparticles, such as MgAl‐mixed‐metal‐oxides (MgAl‐MMO), in two commercially important sorption applications. Aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles show remarkable enhancements in adsorptive desulfurization performance compared to unsupported nanoparticle powders, including substantial increases in organosulfur uptake capacity (>100% increase), sorption kinetics (>30‐fold), and nanoparticle regeneration stability (>3 times). Enhancements in organosulfur capacity are also observed for aerogel‐supported NiAl‐ and CuAl‐metal‐nanoparticles. Importantly, the electrical conductivity of the rGO aerogel network adds completely new functionality by enabling accurate and stable nanoparticle temperature control via direct electrical heating of the graphitic support. Support‐mediated resistive heating allows for thermal nanoparticle recycling at much faster heating rates (>700 °C∙min−1) and substantially reduced energy consumption, compared to conventional, external heating. For the first time, the CO2 adsorption performance of MgAl‐MMO/rGO hybrid aerogels is assessed under elevated‐temperature and high‐CO2‐pressure conditions relevant for pre‐combustion carbon capture and hydrogen generation technologies. The total CO2 capacity of the aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles is more than double that of the unsupported nanoparticles and reaches 2.36 mmol·CO2 g−1 ads (at pCO2 = 8 bar, T = 300 °C), outperforming other high‐pressure CO2 adsorbents.
Hybridization of Bimetallic Molybdenum‐Tungsten Carbide with Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon: A Rational Design of Super Active Porous Composite Nanowires with Tailored Electronic Structure for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Li Huan , Hu Minghao , Zhang Luyao , Huo Lili , Jing Peng , Liu Baocang , Gao Rui , Zhang Jun , Liu Bin
Published: August 2020

An ecofriendly and robust strategy is developed to construct a self‐supported monolithic electrode composed of N‐doped carbon hybridized with bimetallic molybdenum‐tungsten carbide (MoxW2−xC) to form composite nanowires for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The hybridization of MoxW2−xC with N‐doped carbon enables effective regulation of the electrocatalytic performance of the composite nanowires, endowing abundant accessible active sites derived from N‐doping and MoxW2−xC incorporation, outstanding conductivity resulting from the N‐doped carbon matrix, and appropriate positioning of the d‐band center with a thermodynamically favorable hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) for efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis, which forms a binder‐free 3D self‐supported monolithic electrode with accessible nanopores, desirable chemical compositions and stable composite structure. By modulating the Mo/W ratio, the optimal Mo1.33W0.67C @ NC nanowires on carbon cloth achieve a low overpotential (at a geometric current density of 10 mA cm−2) of 115 and 108 mV and a small Tafel slope of 58.5 and 55.4 mV dec−1 in acidic and alkaline environments, respectively, which can maintain 40 h of stable performance, outperforming most of the reported metal‐carbide‐based HER electrocatalysts.
Liquid Metal Microparticles Phase Change Medicated Mechanical Destruction for Enhanced Tumor Cryoablation and Dual‐Mode Imaging
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Cui Bixiao , Yuan Bo , Wang Xuelin , Fan Linlin , Yu Dehai , He Zhizhu , Sheng Lei , Liu Jing , Lu Jie
Published: August 2020

Mechanical forces are crucial for normal living organisms as well as formation of tumor microenvironments. However, to date, there are rather limited trials to regulate the mechanical factors toward tumor treatment or imaging. Here, a synergistic antitumor therapy of cryoablation and gallium microparticles (GMs) mediated bomb‐explosion‐like mechanical destruction is proposed for the first time. Moreover, the GMs are demonstrated to enhance the T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect and mediate the dual‐mode imaging of computerized tomography (CT) and MRI. The GMs are found to exert a mechanical force to surrounding chitosan ice crystals during freezing, which is attributed to the volume expansion during the phase transition process. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of piercing gallium materials via a sword‐like shape into the solid ice crystals is observed with a penetration length of 150 µm within 1 ms, which further shows the remarkable mechanical destruction to frozen ice crystals. Furthermore, a series of in vitro and in vivo results prove the negligible biotoxicity and good biocompatible of GMs. The in vivo synergistic therapy exhibits effective destructive results with reduced recurrence rate and prolonged survival. The present methods are expected to not only open an efficient tumor destructive approach, but also hold potential for advanced theranostic systems.
Recent Advances of Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Wen‐Long , Zou Mei‐Zhen , Qin Si‐Yong , Cheng Yin‐Jia , Ma Yi‐Han , Sun Yun‐Xia , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: August 2020

Surface modification of nanomaterials is essential for their biomedical applications owing to their passive immune clearance and damage to reticuloendothelial systems. Recently, a cell membrane‐coating technology has been proposed as an ideal approach to modify nanomaterials owing to its facile functionalized process and good biocompatibility for improving performances of synthetic nanomaterials. Here, recent advances of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are reviewed based on the main biological functions of the cell membrane in living cells. An overview of the cell membrane is introduced to understand its functions and potential applications. Then, the applications of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials based on the functions of the cell membrane are summarized, including physical barrier with selective permeability and cellular communication via information transmission and reception processes. Finally, perspectives of biomedical applications and challenges about cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are discussed.
Halide Perovskite Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Zhang Lei , Miao Juhong , Li Jingfa , Li Qingfang
Published: August 2020

Halide perovskites, traditionally a solar‐cell material that exhibits superior energy conversion properties, have recently been deployed in energy storage systems such as lithium‐ion batteries and photorechargeable batteries. Here, recent progress in halide perovskite‐based energy storage systems is presented, focusing on halide perovskite lithium‐ion batteries and halide perovskite photorechargeable batteries. Halide‐perovskite‐based supercapacitors and photosupercapacitors are also discussed. The photorechargeable batteries and photorechargeable supercapacitors employ solar energy to photocharge the battery; this saves energy and improves device portability. These lightweight, integrated halide perovskite‐based systems, which are pertinent to electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, are reviewed in detail. Suggestions on future research into the design of halide‐perovskite‐based energy storage materials are also given. This review provides a foundation for the development of integrated lightweight energy conversion and storage materials.
Naturally and Elastically Bent Organic Polymorphs for Multifunctional Optical Applications
Authors: Tang Baolei , Liu Bin , Liu Huapeng , Zhang Hongyu
Published: August 2020

Recently, mechanically bendable organic single crystals have been widely studied as emerging flexible materials. However, only a very small percentage of organic crystals have been found to be elastic or plastic. In this study, crystal engineering is employed as a powerful strategy to improve the probability of constructing flexible organic crystals. Based on an organic compound, two polymorphs Cry‐R and Cry‐O with bright red and orange emissions, respectively, are obtained. Cry‐R, being brittle inherently, can form a naturally bent crystal with an optical waveguide as efficient as the straight crystal. The other polymorph Cry‐O can be elastically bent, almost into a loop, and displays an optical waveguide and amplified spontaneous emission in both the straight and bent state, demonstrating its multifunctional applications in flexible optical devices. In addition, the Y‐shaped crystals of Cry‐O obtained by natural growth are found to transduce single emitted light through the two branches and thus generate dual output signals simultaneously, which further highlights the utility of “crystal flexibility”. The results not only suggest a guideline to modify the mechanical compliance by crystal engineering but also provide a model of flexible organic crystals for multifunctional optical applications.
Unconventional Charge–Spin Conversion in Weyl‐Semimetal WTe2
Authors: Zhao Bing , Karpiak Bogdan , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Johansson Annika , Hoque Anamul Md. , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong , Mertig Ingrid , Dash Saroj P.
Published: August 2020

An outstanding feature of topological quantum materials is their novel spin topology in the electronic band structures with an expected large charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency. Here, a charge‐current‐induced spin polarization in the type‐II Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2 and efficient spin injection and detection in a graphene channel up to room temperature are reported. Contrary to the conventional spin Hall and Rashba–Edelstein effects, the measurements indicate an unconventional charge‐to‐spin conversion in WTe2, which is primarily forbidden by the crystal symmetry of the system. Such a large spin polarization can be possible in WTe2 due to a reduced crystal symmetry combined with its large spin Berry curvature, spin–orbit interaction with a novel spin‐texture of the Fermi states. A robust and practical method is demonstrated for electrical creation and detection of such a spin polarization using both charge‐to‐spin conversion and its inverse phenomenon and utilized it for efficient spin injection and detection in the graphene channel up to room temperature. These findings open opportunities for utilizing topological Weyl materials as nonmagnetic spin sources in all‐electrical van der Waals spintronic circuits and for low‐power and high‐performance nonvolatile spintronic technologies.