bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au/CuO nanosheets composite for glucose sensor and CO oxidation
Authors: Lei Jiahuan , Liu Yu , Wang Xinyu , Hu Pan , Peng Xinsheng
Published: December 2014

After assembling Au nanoparticles on CuO nanosheets (NSs), the non-enzymatic glucose sensitivity and low temperature catalytic oxidation of CO improved significantly.
Selection of chemotactic adipose-derived stem cells using a microfluidic gradient generator
Authors: Natarajan Kanmani , Tian Chantal , Xiang Bo , Chi Chao , Deng Jixian , Zhang Rundi , Freed Darren H. , Arora Rakesh C. , Tian Ganghong , Lin Francis
Published: December 2014

We developed a microfluidics-based integrated method for on-chip selection of chemotactic adipose-derived stem cells.
Fe(iii)-catalyzed α-terpinyl derivatives synthesis from β-pinene via reactions with hydrogen peroxide in alcoholic solutions
Authors: da Silva M. J. , Carari D. M. , Manoel da Silva Adalberto
Published: December 2014

In this study, a novel and environmentally benign Fe(iii)-catalyzed terpinyl derivatives synthesis using hydrogen peroxide in alcohol solutions (i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl alcohols) was investigated.
Exploring the substrate-assisted acetylation mechanism by UDP-linked sugar N-acetyltransferase from QM/MM calculations: the role of residue Asn84 and the effects of starting geometries
Authors: Ma Guangcai , Cheng Na , Su Hao , Liu Yongjun
Published: December 2014

Based on the QM/MM calculation, we revised the proposed mechanism ofN-acetyltransferase and explore the role of Asn84 and the effects of starting geometries.
One-pot aqueous synthesis of highly strained CdTe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystals and their interactions with cells
Authors: Ulusoy Mehriban , Walter Johanna-Gabriela , Lavrentieva Antonina , Kretschmer Imme , Sandiford Lydia , Le Marois Alix , Bongartz Rebecca , Aliuos Pooyan , Suhling Klaus , Stahl Frank , Green Mark , Scheper Thomas
Published: December 2014

An aqueous approach enhancing the properties of small-core/thick-shell CdTe/CdS nanocrystals by deposition of an outer ZnS shell was developed. The as-prepared nanocrystals were conjugated with aptamer for the targeted imaging of cancer cells.
Facile synthesis of hierarchical porous WO3 nanofibers having 1D nanoneedles and their functionalization with non-oxidized graphene flakes for selective detection of acetone molecules
Authors: Choi Seon-Jin , Choi Chanyong , Kim Sang-Joon , Cho Hee-Jin , Jeon Seokwoo , Kim Il-Doo
Published: December 2014

Hierarchical and porous one-dimensional (1D) nonwoven WO3 nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning and controlled two-step heat-treatment, and are applicable for diabetes diagnostic sensors by selective detection of breath acetone.
Morphologies and dynamics of linear ABC triblock copolymers with different block sequences
Authors: Zhou Yang , Long Xinping , Xue Xianggui , Qian Wen , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: December 2014

Two different mechanisms of dynamic evolution, i.e. “contacting and fusing” for l-ABC and l-ACB, and “folding and fusing” for l-BAC, are founded firstly.
pH sensitive amphiphilic conetworks based on end-group cross-linking of polydimethylsiloxane pentablock copolymer and polymethylhydrosiloxane
Authors: Qiu Ming , Zhao Xin-Zheng , Liu Da-Peng , He Chun-Ju
Published: December 2014

A series of pH-responsive amphiphilic conetworks were synthesized through cross-linking of well-defined amphiphilic pentablock copolymersviaatom transfer radical polymerization.
Superior ethanol-sensing behavior based on SnO2 mesocrystals incorporating orthorhombic and tetragonal phases
Authors: Gu C. D. , Zheng H. , Wang X. L. , Tu J. P.
Published: December 2014

Nanoporous SnO2 mesocrystal with mixed tetragonal and orthorhombic phases and superior ethanol-sensing performance is synthesized via a facile annealing topotactic transformation from the ionothermal synthesized SnO precursor under ambient-pressure.
Au nanoparticles supported on magnetically separable Fe2O3–graphene oxide hybrid nanosheets for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Woo Hyunje , Kim Ji Woong , Kim Miran , Park Sungkyun , Park Kang Hyun
Published: December 2014

A one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach was developed to prepare FeSO4·(H2O)–graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto this support, giving Au/Fe2O3–GO nanocomposites.
Reduced graphene oxide anchored magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wu Shouliang , Wang Panpan , Cai Yunyu , Liang Dewei , Ye Yixing , Tian Zhenfei , Liu Jun , Liang Changhao
Published: December 2014

A colloidal approach was developed to immobilize magnetic ZnFe2O4 onto simultaneously reduced GO toward the degradation of dyes under visible-light irradiation.
Titanium complexes supported by imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-containing pyrrolyl ligand as catalysts for hydroamination and polymerization reactions, and as an antitumor reagent
Authors: Liu Jinna , Cao Yuhua , Li Lei , Pei Hao , Chen Yanmei , Hu Jinfa , Qin Yaru , Li Yahong , Li Wu , Liu Wei
Published: December 2014

The syntheses, structures, catalytic properties and antitumor activities of three titanium complexes supported by an imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-containing pyrrolyl ligand are reported.
Microfluidic generation of monodisperse ultra-low interfacial tension oil droplets in water
Authors: Bolognesi Guido , Hargreaves Alex , Ward Andrew D. , Kirby Andrew K. , Bain Colin D. , Ces Oscar
Published: December 2014

A microfluidic platform was used to generate a monodisperse oil-in-water emulsion, whose final interfacial tension was actively lowered to ultra-low values.
Facile synthesis of a nanocomposite based on graphene and ZnAl layered double hydroxides as a portable shelf of a luminescent sensor for DNA detection
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Wen Jia , Yu Ruijin , Meng Jia , Wang Cong , Wang Chaoxia , Sun Shiguo
Published: December 2014

A hybrid graphene–ZnAl-LDH nanocomposite has been developed and used as a portable shelf of Ru(phen)3Cl2sensor to selectively discriminate DNA.
Understanding the binding interaction of imidazole with ZnO nanomaterials and clusters
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Sundharesan Munusamy , Prabhakaran Annadurai , Karunakaran Chockalingam
Published: December 2014

The order of binding energy values for imidazole adsorbed ZnO clusters through the preferred azomethine nitrogen site is imidazole–Zn4O4 (R) > imidazole–Zn3O3 > imidazole–Zn4O4 (W) > imidazole–Zn2O2.
Organocatalysis by p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene: a convenient and efficient route to 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in water
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Ling Irene , Abdullah Norbani , Hashim Rauzah , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2014

An efficient and eco-friendly method is reported for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones usingp-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene as a recyclable organocatalyst in excellent yields in water at room temperature.
Well-defined BiOCl colloidal ultrathin nanosheets: synthesis, characterization, and application in photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of secondary amines
Authors: Wu Yihui , Yuan Bo , Li Mingrun , Zhang Wen-Hua , Liu Yan , Li Can
Published: December 2014

Well-defined BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets were prepared by a facile colloidal route, and exhibit high photocatalytic performance toward the oxidation of secondary amines to corresponding imines under visible irradiation.
A molecular view of the role of chirality in charge-driven polypeptide complexation
Authors: Hoffmann K. Q. , Perry S. L. , Leon L. , Priftis D. , Tirrell M. , de Pablo J. J.
Published: December 2014

Atomistic simulations show how changes in the backbone chirality of peptides can control the formation of coacervate versus precipitate phases.
Interpreting atomic force microscopy nanoindentation of hierarchical biological materials using multi-regime analysis
Authors: Bonilla M. R. , Stokes J. R. , Gidley M. J. , Yakubov G. E.
Published: December 2014

The graphic illustrates different types of deformation occurring during indentation of a plant cell; the cell wall compression and elastic membrane deflection. We are seeking to disentangle these contributions using a new multi-regime analysis method, the mathematical gist of which is illustrated by the formula at the bottom of the figure.
Analyses of the cell mechanical damage during microinjection
Authors: Liu Fei , Wu Dan , Wu Xiaoyong , Chen Ken
Published: December 2014

The structure of the cell mechanical model. The cell model contains the membrane networks, the internal cytoskeleton, ACPs, motors and their functions, including the binding/unbinding and the folding/unfolding of the proteins, the polymerization/depolymerization of cytoskeletal filaments, and the walk of motors.
Direct synthesis of HZSM-5 from natural clay
Authors: Pan Feng , Lu Xuchen , Zhu Qingshan , Zhang Zhimin , Yan Yan , Wang Tizhuang , Chen Shiwei
Published: December 2014

Highly crystalline HZSM-5 zeolite was directly synthesized through a steam-assisted conversion (SAC) approach using layered kaolin as the raw material and NH3·H2O as an alkaline vapor source.
N-doped porous carbon capsules with tunable porosity for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Ferrero G. A. , Fuertes A. B. , Sevilla M.
Published: December 2014

A procedure for the fabrication of hollow carbon spheres with high nitrogen content and tunable porosity is presented. The carbon capsules exhibited high specific capacitances and a remarkable capacitance retention.
Manipulating the polarity of conductive polymer binders for Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Mingyan , Song Xiangyun , Liu Xiaosong , Battaglia Vincent , Yang Wanli , Liu Gao
Published: December 2014

The polarity of conductive polymer binders was manipulated to optimize the swellability and cycle performance of composed Si-based anodes.
Mapping strain modulated electronic structure perturbations in mixed phase bismuth ferrite thin films
Authors: Krishnan P. S. Sankara Rama , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Ramasse Q. M. , Kepaptsoglou D. M. , Liang W.-I. , Chu Y.-H. , Browning N. D. , Munroe P. , Nagarajan V.
Published: December 2014

A combination of atom column-by-column scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory shows how epitaxial strain alters the local electronic structure in mixed phase bismuth ferrite thin films.
Formation of nanoscopic CaF2via a fluorolytic sol–gel process for antireflective coatings
Authors: Rehmer Alexander , Scheurell Kerstin , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: December 2014

For the first time transparent antireflective CaF2-coatings were prepared from clear CaF2-sols obtained via the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis and containing homo-dispersed CaF2 nano-particles.
π-Expanded coumarins: synthesis, optical properties and applications
Authors: Tasior Mariusz , Kim Dokyoung , Singha Subhankar , Krzeszewski Maciej , Ahn Kyo Han , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: December 2014

Synthesis, optical properties, and applications of various types of benzocoumarin compounds are overviewed.
Study on effects of tungstophosphate structures on electrochemically induced luminescence switching behaviors of the composite films consisting of tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium
Authors: Xu Lingxiao , Wang Bin , Gao Wenmei , Wu Lixin , Bi Lihua
Published: December 2014

A series of composite films consisting of different tungstophosphates were fabricated and their electrochemically induced fluorescence switchable behaviors were investigated.
Inanspruchnahme von Früherkennungsunter­suchungen bei Kindern aus Sachsen-Anhalt zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung
Authors: Hase J. , Hartmann T. , Oppermann H. , Wahl G.
Published: December 2014

Zielsetzung: Darstellung der Teilnahme von Kindern an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen (U2–U8) nach §§ 26 und 92 (SGB V), die im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen durch den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in Sachsen-Anhalt retrospektiv erhoben wurde. Analyse der zusätzlich pro Kind registrierten Variablen aus den Bereichen Sozialfaktoren, diagnostische Befunde und therapeutischer Versorgungsgrad im Zusammenhang mit dem Teilnahmeverhalten an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen.

Methodik: Statistische Auswertung von 73 628 anonymisierten Datensätzen aus der Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, die von den 14 Gesundheitsämtern bei den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen für den Zeitraum 2008–2012 erhoben wurden. Analyse der Daten für 20 Variablen pro Kind zum Einfluss des Teilnahmeverhaltens an den U-Untersuchungen mithilfe von Häufigkeitsunterschieden der Untersuchungsgruppen und deren Prüfung auf Signifikanz durch den Chi-Quadrattest.

Ergebnisse: Die 5 Früherkennungsuntersuchungen U2 bis U6 werden in Sachsen-Anhalt von 99 bis 96% der Kinder wahrgenommen. Mit zunehmendem Kindesalter sinken die Teilnahmequoten (U2=98,7% bis U8=88,5%). Zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung (Durchschnittsalter 63 Monate) haben 83% der Kinder an allen 7 Früherkennungsuntersuchungen teilgenommen und 0,4% an keiner U-Untersuchung. Das Geschlecht des Kindes hat keinen Einfluss auf das Teilnahmeverhalten durch die Eltern. Kinder, die in Kindertageseinrichtungen betreut werden, weisen signifikant häufiger (84,8%) einen voll-ständigen U-Status auf als zuhause betreute ­Kinder (55,1%).

Schlussfolgerung: Die retrospektive Vollerhebung durch die Schuleingangsuntersuchung zum Teilnahmeverhalten an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen eignet sich dazu, um Zusammenhänge mit Sozialfaktoren, diagnostischen Befunden und dem therapeutischen Versorgungsgrad der Kinder aufzuzeigen.
Akzeptanz der Einführung standardisierter Patientenschulungen durch das multidisziplinäre Reha-Team am Beispiel einer Rückenschule – Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Peters S. , Schultze A. , Pfeifer K. , Faller H. , Meng K.
Published: December 2014

Studienziel: Der Praxistransfer standardisierter Patientenschulungen ist ein komplexer Vorgang mit vielen Einflussfaktoren. Determinanten betreffen u. a. Organisation und Individuen (z. B. Praktiker, Patient). Zu individuumsbezogenen Faktoren der Schulungsleiter liegen im deutschen Reha-System wenige Kenntnisse vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Akzeptanz der Schulungsleiter gegenüber der Implementierung einer standardisierten Rückenschule zu explorieren und Förderfaktoren und Barrieren für Schulungsimplementierungen abzuleiten.

Methode: In 10 Rehabilitationskliniken wurden teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews durchgeführt. Die Stichprobe umfasste 46 Schulungsleiter (25 Frauen): 11 Ärzte, 11 Psychologen, 21 Bewegungstherapeuten und 3 Ergotherapeuten im Durchschnittsalter von 41 Jahren. Als Akzeptanzindikatoren wurden erhoben: die Ansichten der Schulungsleiter hinsichtlich zentraler Inhalte von Rückenschulen allgemein, ihre Meinungen zum neuen Curriculum Rückenschule, ihre Erwartungen an die Umsetzung, von ihnen antizipierte Schwierigkeiten bei der Einführung sowie ihre Wünsche an das Projektteam. Die Interviewauswertung erfolgte mittels mehrstufiger qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.

Ergebnisse: Es wurden 6 Oberkategorien mit 136 Subkategorien gebildet und mit diesen 729 Kodierungen vorgenommen. Bei den zentralen Inhalten wird am häufigsten das rückengerechte Verhalten thematisiert. Die meisten Meinungen zum Curriculum sind positiv. Dabei werden die fachliche Zustimmung zu Inhalten und Methoden in den Vordergrund gestellt und die Ähnlichkeit mit bestehenden Klinikangeboten und die Schulungsstruktur positiv bewertet. Erwartungen richten sich häufig auf eine verstärkte Patientenorientierung und persönliche Weiterentwicklung sowie auf eine gemeinsame, einheitliche Sprache und Interdisziplinarität. Schwierigkeiten werden oft bei zeitlichen/personellen Ressourcen sowie der Therapie- und Terminplanung, aber auch hinsichtlich der Motivation/Akzeptanz der Patienten erwartet. Es wird der Wunsch nach Kommunikation, Trainerschulung und Feedback geäußert.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie liefert Hinweise auf eine hohe Akzeptanz der Trainer bezüglich Schulungsimplementierung und zentraler Merkmale moderner Patientenschulungen. Ansatzpunkte zu individuumsbezogenen Förderfaktoren und Barrieren wurden ermittelt und können zur Weiterentwicklung von Implementierungsinterventionen beitragen. Zentral sind Kommunikation und Schulung unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren.
Concurrent scale interactions in the far-field of a turbulent mixing layer
Authors: Buxton O. R. H. , Ganapathisubramani B.
Published: December 2014

The interaction between the large- and small-scales in the self-similar region of a nominally two-dimensional planar mixing layer is examined at a centreline Reynolds number Reλ ≈ 260 (where Reλ is the Reynolds number based on Taylor microscale). Particle image velocimetry experiments are performed at two different spatial resolutions, one that captures the range from integral scale (L) to Taylor microscale (λ) and the other that captures the range from Taylor microscale to the Kolmogorov length scale (η), simultaneously. It is found that the amplitude of the small-scale fluctuations (scales <λ) is modulated by the large-scale velocity fluctuations (scales >λ). Negative large-scale fluctuations (i.e. large-scale fluctuations that are less than the local mean) are found to coincide with regions where an increase in the amplitude of the small-scale fluctuations is found. This amplification effect, of the small-scales by the large-scales, is found to increase with the magnitude of the large-scale fluctuations. By drawing an analogy between the two different spatially resolved datasets and a large eddy simulation it is shown that the turbulent kinetic energy flux to the sub-grid-scales (SGS) is highly sensitive to the alignment between the fluctuating velocity vector and the gradient of the mean shear of the flow. When these two large-scale vectors are perpendicular there is a notable increase in the small-scale turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) flux. This small-scale TKE flux was observed to be influenced by this large-scale alignment even for the smallest scales present, where the correlation between u1 and u2 has vanished (SGS scale <λ/8).
Speeding up local correlation methods
Authors: Kats Daniel
Published: December 2014

We present two techniques that can substantially speed up the local correlation methods. The first one allows one to avoid the expensive transformation of the electron-repulsion integrals from atomic orbitals to virtual space. The second one introduces an algorithm for the residual equations in the local perturbative treatment that, in contrast to the standard scheme, does not require holding the amplitudes or residuals in memory. It is shown that even an interpreter-based implementation of the proposed algorithm in the context of local MP2 method is faster and requires less memory than the highly optimized variants of conventional algorithms.
High resolution photoelectron imaging of UO− and UO2− and the low-lying electronic states and vibrational frequencies of UO and UO2
Authors: Czekner Joseph , Lopez Gary V. , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: December 2014

We report a study of the electronic and vibrational structures of the gaseous uranium monoxide and dioxide molecules using high-resolution photoelectron imaging. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained for both UO− and UO2−. The spectra for UO2− are consistent with, but much better resolved than a recent study using a magnetic-bottle photoelectron analyzer [W. L. Li et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 094306 (2014)]. The electron affinity (EA) of UO is reported for the first time as 1.1407(7) eV, whereas a much more accurate EA is obtained for UO2 as 1.1688(6) eV. The symmetric stretching modes for the neutral and anionic ground states, and two neutral excited states for UO2 are observed, as well as the bending mode for the neutral ground state. These vibrational frequencies are consistent with previous experimental and theoretical results. The stretching vibrational modes for the ground state and one excited state are observed for UO. The current results for UO and UO2 are compared with previous theoretical calculations including relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. The accurate experimental data reported here provide more stringent tests for future theoretical methods for actinide-containing species.
X-ray imaging of subsurface dynamics in high-Z materials at the Diamond Light Source
Authors: Eakins D. E. , Chapman D. J.
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we describe a new approach enabling study of subsurface dynamics in high-Z materials using the unique combination of high-energy synchrotron X-rays, a hybrid bunch structure, and a new dynamic loading platform. We detail the design and operation of the purpose-built, portable small bore gas-gun, which was installed on the I12 high-energy beamline at the Diamond Light Source and used to drive compression waves into solid and porous metal targets. Using a hybrid bunch structure and broadband X-ray pulses of up to 300 keV, radiographic snapshots were captured during various dynamic deformation processes in cm-scale specimens, thereby contributing to a more complete understanding of the evolution of mesoscale damage. Importantly, we highlight strategies for overcoming the challenges associated with using high-energy X-rays, and suggest areas for improvement needed to advance dynamic imaging through large-scale samples of relevance to engineering scenarios. These preliminary measurements demonstrate the feasibility of probing highly transient phenomena using the presented methodology.
A new type of surface waves in a fully degenerate quantum plasma
Authors: Tyshetskiy Yu. , Vladimirov S. V. , Kompaneets R.
Published: December 2014

We study the response of a semi-bounded one-component fully degenerate electron plasma to an initial perturbation, in the electrostatic limit. We show that the part of the electric potential corresponding to surface waves in such plasma can be represented, at large times, as the sum of two terms, one term corresponding to “conventional” (Langmuir) surface waves and the other term representing a new type of surface waves resulting from specific analytic properties of degenerate plasma's dielectric response function. These two terms are characterized by different oscillation frequencies (for a given wave number), and while the “conventional” term's amplitude decays exponentially with time, the new term is characterized by a slower, power-law decay of the oscillation amplitude and is therefore dominant at large times.
Multi-purpose two- and three-dimensional momentum imaging of charged particles for attosecond experiments at 1 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Månsson Erik P. , Sorensen Stacey L. , Arnold Cord L. , Kroon David , Guénot Diego , Fordell Thomas , Lépine Franck , Johnsson Per , L’Huillier Anne , Gisselbrecht Mathieu
Published: December 2014

We report on the versatile design and operation of a two-sided spectrometer for the imaging of charged-particle momenta in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). The benefits of 3D detection are to discern particles of different mass and to study correlations between fragments from multi-ionization processes, while 2D detectors are more efficient for single-ionization applications. Combining these detector types in one instrument allows us to detect positive and negative particles simultaneously and to reduce acquisition times by using the 2D detector at a higher ionization rate when the third dimension is not required. The combined access to electronic and nuclear dynamics available when both sides are used together is important for studying photoreactions in samples of increasing complexity. The possibilities and limitations of 3D momentum imaging of electrons or ions in the same spectrometer geometry are investigated analytically and three different modes of operation demonstrated experimentally, with infrared or extreme ultraviolet light and an atomic/molecular beam.
Communication: Microsecond peptide dynamics from nanosecond trajectories: A Langevin approach
Authors: Rzepiela Andrzej J. , Schaudinnus Norbert , Buchenberg Sebastian , Hegger Rainer , Stock Gerhard
Published: December 2014

Based on a given time series, the data-driven Langevin equation (dLE) estimates the drift and the diffusion field of the dynamics, which are then employed to reproduce the essential statistical and dynamical features of the original time series. Because the propagation of the dLE requires only local information, the input data are neither required to be Boltzmann weighted nor to be a continuous trajectory. Similar to a Markov state model, the dLE approach therefore holds the promise of predicting the long-time dynamics of a biomolecular system from relatively short trajectories which can be run in parallel. The practical applicability of the approach is shown to be mainly limited by the initial sampling of the system’s conformational space obtained from the short trajectories. Adopting extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the unfolding and refolding of a short peptide helix, it is shown that the dLE approach is able to describe microsecond conformational dynamics from a few hundred nanosecond trajectories. In particular, the dLE quantitatively reproduces the free energy landscape and the associated conformational dynamics along the chosen five-dimensional reaction coordinate.
Sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide surface passivation effects on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Zaidi Z. H. , Lee K. B. , Guiney I. , Qian H. , Jiang S. , Wallis D. J. , Humphreys C. J. , Houston P. A.
Published: December 2014

In this work, we have compared SiNx passivation, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid treatment on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs surface after full device fabrication on Si substrate. Both the chemical treatments resulted in the suppression of device pinch-off gate leakage current below 1 μA/mm, which is much lower than that for SiNx passivation. The greatest suppression over the range of devices is observed with the sulfuric acid treatment. The device on/off current ratio is improved (from 104–105 to 107) and a reduction in the device sub-threshold (S.S.) slope (from ∼215 to 90 mV/decade) is achieved. The sulfuric acid is believed to work by oxidizing the surface which has a strong passivating effect on the gate leakage current. The interface trap charge density (Dit) is reduced (from 4.86 to 0.90 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1), calculated from the change in the device S.S. The gate surface leakage current mechanism is explained by combined Mott hopping conduction and Poole Frenkel models for both untreated and sulfuric acid treated devices. Combining the sulfuric acid treatment underneath the gate with the SiNx passivation after full device fabrication results in the reduction of Dit and improves the surface related current collapse.
On-the-fly scans for X-ray ptychography
Authors: Pelz Philipp M. , Guizar-Sicairos Manuel , Thibault Pierre , Johnson Ian , Holler Mirko , Menzel Andreas
Published: December 2014

With the increasing importance of nanotechnology, the need for reliable real-time imaging of mesoscopic objects with nanometer resolution is rising. For X-ray ptychography, a scanning microscopy technique that provides nanometric resolution on extended fields of view, and the settling time of the scanning system is one of the bottlenecks for fast imaging. Here, we demonstrate that ptychographic on-the-fly scans, i.e., collecting diffraction patterns while the sample is scanned with constant velocity, can be modelled as a state mixture of the probing radiation and allow for reliable image recovery. Characteristics of the probe modes are discussed for various scan parameters, and the application to significantly reducing the scanning time is considered.
Detrimental influence of catalyst seeding on the device properties of CVD-grown 2D layered materials: A case study on MoSe2
Authors: Utama M. Iqbal Bakti , Lu Xin , Yuan Yanwen , Xiong Qihua
Published: December 2014

Seed catalyst such as perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid tetrapotassium (PTAS) salt has been used for promoting the growth of atomically thin layered materials in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis. However, the ramifications from the usage of such catalyst are not known comprehensively. Here, we report the influence of PTAS seeding on the transistor device performance from few-layered CVD-grown molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) flakes. While better repeatability and higher yield can be obtained with the use of PTAS seeds in synthesis, we observed that PTAS-seeded flakes contain particle impurities. Moreover, devices from PTAS-seeded MoSe2 flakes consistently displayed poorer field-effect mobility, current on-off ratio, and subthreshold swing as compared to unseeded flakes.
Pressure-induced superconductivity in LaFeAsO: The role of anionic height and magnetic ordering
Authors: Kumar Ravhi S. , Hamlin James J. , Maple M. Brian , Zhang Yi , Chen Changfeng , Baker Jason , Cornelius Andrew L. , Zhao Yusheng , Xiao Yuming , Sinogeikin Stanislav , Chow Paul
Published: December 2014

We have investigated the crystal structure and magnetic ordering of LaFeAsO at low temperature (∼10 K) and high pressures. The long range antiferromagnetic ordering is suppressed under pressure, and the structural parameters obtained show a close correlation between the anionic height (ha) and the transition temperature (Tc). An orthorhombic to tetragonal transition is observed above 30 GPa. Density functional theory calculations show that the shape of the hole surface becomes two dimensional under pressure. Our results demonstrate that the variation of ha and dimensionality play important roles in the evolution of pressure induced superconductivity in addition to magnetic ordering.
Determination of CdTe bulk carrier lifetime and interface recombination velocity of CdTe/MgCdTe double heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Zhao Xin-Hao , DiNezza Michael J. , Liu Shi , Campbell Calli M. , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Yong-Hang
Published: December 2014

The bulk Shockley-Read-Hall carrier lifetime of CdTe and interface recombination velocity at the CdTe/Mg0.24Cd0.76Te heterointerface are estimated to be around 0.5 μs and (4.7 ± 0.4) × 102 cm/s, respectively, using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Four CdTe/MgCdTe double heterostructures (DHs) with varying CdTe layer thicknesses were grown on nearly lattice-matched InSb (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The longest lifetime of 179 ns is observed in the DH with a 2 μm thick CdTe layer. It is also shown that the photon recycling effect has a strong influence on the bulk radiative lifetime, and the reabsorption process affects the measured PL spectrum shape and intensity.
Facile fabrication of functional PDMS surfaces with tunable wettablity and high adhesive force via femtosecond laser textured templating
Authors: Hu Yanlei , Li Guoqiang , Cai Jianwen , Zhang Chenchu , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Huang Wenhao
Published: December 2014

Femtosecond laser processing is emerged as a promising tool to functionalize surfaces of various materials, including metals, semiconductors, and polymers. However, the productivity of this technique is limited by the low efficiency of laser raster scanning. Here we report a facile approach for efficiently producing large-area functional polymer surfaces, by which metal is firstly textured by a femtosecond laser, and the as-prepared hierarchical structures are subsequently transferred onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. Aluminum pieces covered by laser induced micro/nano-structures act as template masters and their performance of displaying diverse colors are investigated. Polymer replicas are endowed with tunable wetting properties, which are mainly attributed to the multi-scale surface structures. Furthermore, the surfaces are found to have extremely high adhesive force for water drops because of the high water penetration depth and the resultant high contact angle hysteresis. This characteristic facilitates many potential applications like loss-free tiny water droplets transportation. The reusability of metal master and easiness of soft lithography make it to be a very simple, fast and cost-efficient way for mass production of functional polymeric surfaces.
Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IV. Multifaceted study of the brachyotis group identifies additional taxa
Authors: Potter Sally , Close Robert L. , Taggart David A. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Eldridge Mark D. B.
Published: December 2014

Defining taxonomic units is an important component of understanding how biodiversity has formed, and in guiding efforts to sustain it. Understanding patterns of biodiversity across the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia is limited, with molecular technology revealing deep phylogenetic structure and complex evolutionary histories. The brachyotis group of rock-wallabies (Petrogale spp.), which currently consists of three species (Petrogale brachyotis, P. burbidgei and P. concinna) distributed across north-western Australia, provides an example where current taxonomy does not reflect the true diversity or phylogenetic relationships within the group. We have used an integrative approach, combining morphological data, together with DNA sequences (~1000 bp mitochondrial DNA; ~3000 bp nuclear DNA) to resolve relationships within P. brachyotis. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses indicated that P. brachyotis (sensu lato) represents at least two separate species: P. brachyotis (sensu stricto) from the Kimberley and western Northern Territory, and P. wilkinsi from the northern and eastern Northern Territory. Petrogale brachyotis (sensu stricto) can be separated on genetic and morphological evidence into two subspecies: P. b. brachyotis and P. b. victoriae (subsp. nov.). Distinct genetic lineages have also been identified within both P. brachyotis and P. wilkinsi, as well as within P. burbidgei and P. concinna.
Preservation and deletion in Mandarin loanword adaptation
Authors: Kim Tae-Eun
Published: December 2014

This paper is about how English inputs that are not allowed in the native Mandarin phonology are adapted to Mandarin phonotactics in Mandarin loanwords. The focus of the discussion is on whether or not the elements in the inputs are preserved or deleted and what causes the phenomena. Through analyses of English consonant adaptation in Mandarin loanwords, the functions of both borrowers’ perception and the native Mandarin phonology are consistently found. The high preservation of the nasal consonants in any syllabic position clearly shows the functions, in that the salient segments are usually preserved and the acceptance of nasal codas in Mandarin phonology makes Mandarin speakers easily perceive the nasal sounds even in the coda positions. Furthermore, English /m/ and /n/ in the final positions are usually differently adapted into Mandarin loanwords. English /m/ mostly forms an independent syllable by vowel insertion while /n/ is mostly adapted into the coda nasal of the preceding syllable (e.g., English loam → Mandarinlú-mǔ, English pint → Mandarinpǐn-tuō). This tendency is due to the function of Mandarin phonology, because a nasal /n/ is allowed as a coda consonant, but /m/ is not allowed. The high deletion of English /ɹ/ in the coda or in the consonant clusters also supports the argument. The English /ɹ/, except in the initial position, is not easily perceived due to its own vowel-like quality and the fact that it is a non-Mandarin phoneme. Lastly, the higher preservation of consonants in the initial clusters than in the final clusters also shows the close relationship between perception and Mandarin phonology. Even though Mandarin does not allow consonant clusters in any position, final consonant clusters should be harder for Mandarin speakers to perceive. The reason is that in Mandarin phonology, consonants usually do not come in the final positions while all the consonants except /ŋ/ can come in the initial positions. More frequent deletion of consonants in final CCC clusters than in CC clusters can be identically explained.
Humorous communication in social and political issues
Authors: Liang Hsiao-chu , Hsieh Shelley Ching-yu
Published: December 2014

Humor is a common and effective rhetoric strategy for conveying ideas. This paper examines scripts fromCelebrity Imitation Show, a Taiwanese TV program, and investigates characteristics of humorous expressions via the Asymmetry Approach (Viana 2010). More specifically, we examined: (1) how humorous expressions are identified through humor criteria in the show; and, (2) how ridicule is integrated into humorous expressions to convey criticism toward political or social issues. Results indicate that asymmetrical attributes exist in humorous expressions, in which sarcasm and nonsense in the foreground script ridicule the targets in the background script. In this manner, linguistic absurdity attracts the audience by adding linguistic diversity to humorous expressions. Furthermore, shifting targets between two scripts is another strategy to satirize incidents. In sum, the asymmetrical attributes in scripts produce humor, while ironic effects can be elicited from counterfactual assumptions within.
Hypersubjectivity
Authors: Hall Kira
Published: December 2014

This commentary responds to papers in a special issue on “Anxiety, Insecurity, and Border Crossing: Language Contact in a Globalizing World.” The discussion considers how anxiety emerges as transnational subjects seek semiotic stability in the global economy’s shifting terrain of indexical relations. Although contact zones informed by neoliberalism valorize linguistic flexibility, they also hierarchize certain kinds of communicative competence as more flexible than others. When linguistic practice is divorced from its temporal and spatial roots, it is readily essentialized as indexical of particular kinds of personhood, only some of which are viewed as appropriately global. The ambiguity of what counts as linguistic capital in the global economy leads speakers to defend their behaviors through appeals to authenticity, often confirming the very ideology that positions them as linguistically inflexible.
Gesture–speech unity
Authors: McNeill David
Published: December 2014

This paper outlines an argument for how development in child speech and gesture could shed light on language evolution: child acquisition can be thought of as two types of acquisition, one of which goes extinct (gesture-first, Acquisition 1) and is replaced by another (gesture–speech unity, Acquisition 2). For ontogenesis, this implies that children acquire two languages, one of which is extinct, and which again goes extinct in ontogenesis (it continues as “gestures of silence” rather than as gestures of speech). There is no way to get from Acquisition 1 to Acquisition 2. They are on different tracks. Even when they converge in the same sentence, as they sometimes do, they alternate and do not combine. I propose that the 3~4 year timing of Acquisition 2 relates to the natural selection of a kind of gestural self–response I call “Mead’s Loop”, which took place in a certain psychological milieu at the origin of language. This milieu emerges now in ontogenesis at 3~4 years and with it Mead’s Loop. It is self-aware agency, on which a self-response depends. Other developments, such as theory of mind and shared intentionality, likewise depend on it and also emerge around the same time. The prefrontal cortex, anchoring a ring of language centers in the brain, matures at that point as well, another factor influencing the late timing. On the other hand, a third acquisition, speech evoking adult attachment, begins at (or even before) birth, as shown by a number of studies, and provides continuity through the two acquisitions and extinction.
Development of adjective frequencies across semantic classes
Authors: Tribushinina Elena , van den Bergh Huub , Ravid Dorit , Aksu-Koç Ayhan , Kilani-Schoch Marianne , Korecky-Kröll Katharina , Leibovitch-Cohen Iris , Laaha Sabine , Nir Bracha , Dressler Wolfgang U. , Gillis Steven
Published: December 2014

This paper is a longitudinal investigation of adjective use by children aged 1;8−2;8, speaking Dutch, German, French, Hebrew, and Turkish, and by their caregivers. Each adjective token in transcripts of spontaneous speech was coded for semantic class. The development of adjective use in each semantic class was analysed by means of a multilevel logistic regression. The results show that toddlers and their parents use adjectives more often as the child grows older. However, this holds only for semantic classes denoting concrete concepts, such as physical properties, colour, and size. Adjectives denoting more abstract properties are barely used by children and parents throughout the first year of adjective acquisition. The correlations between adjective frequencies in child speech and child-directed speech are very strong at the beginning, but decrease with time as the child develops independent adjective use. The composition of early adjective lexicons is very similar in the five languages under study.
Englishization of Nordic universities
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina , Thøgersen Jacob
Published: December 2014

This article draws attention to a widening and unproductive disconnect between two sets of scholarly activities seeking to understand the Englishization of Nordic universities, and, more generally, the effects of globalization on language. While these scholarly activities are not internally homogenous, we shall refer to them here as “policy and practice.” Contrasting examples drawn from policy documents and linguistic practices in the context of Englishized Nordic universities, we show that the level of policy assumes a monolithic and essentialized understanding of language whereas the level of practice also incorporates elements of constructionism and hybridity. We then go on to argue that the difference between the two levels is by no means clear as participants on the practice level also appear to orient to monolithic and essentialized understandings of language as they are construed for policy purposes. We finish by arguing that scholarly activities at each level — policy and practice — need to a greater extent to recognize the relevance of both levels in order to advance sociolinguistic theory in a holistic manner.
Interlinguistics and Esperanto studies at universities
Authors: Gobbo Frederico
Published: December 2014

After 2010, following the Bologna process and the so-called ‘Gelmini reform’, universities in Italy were subjected to deep changes in administration, in research and education. The course in ‘Language Planning and Planned Languages’ was established in 2011–2012, under the initiative of theIstituto Italiano d’Esperantoand with the financial support of the Esperantic Studies Foundation, as a follow-up of the course in ‘Interlinguistics and Esperantic Studies’ offered by Prof. Emeritus Fabrizio A. Pennacchietti in the preceeding 15 years. This article reports on the structure, content and results of the course in its first three academic years, with a special attention to the methodological innovations in language teaching which were utilized in the class, and which might be useful for similar initiatives in other universities in Europe and abroad.
Opposing ISWI- and CHD-class chromatin remodeling activities orchestrate heterochromatic DNA repair
Authors: Klement Karolin , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Pinder Jordan B. , Cena Chad S. , Del Nero Victor , Wintersinger Christopher M. , Dellaire Graham , van Attikum Haico , Goodarzi Aaron A.
Published: December 2014

Heterochromatin is a barrier to DNA repair that correlates strongly with elevated somatic mutation in cancer. CHD class II nucleosome remodeling activity (specifically CHD3.1) retained by KAP-1 increases heterochromatin compaction and impedes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair requiring Artemis. This obstruction is alleviated by chromatin relaxation via ATM-dependent KAP-1S824 phosphorylation (pKAP-1) and CHD3.1 dispersal from heterochromatic DSBs; however, how heterochromatin compaction is actually adjusted after CHD3.1 dispersal is unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that Artemis-dependent DSB repair in heterochromatin requires ISWI (imitation switch)-class ACF1–SNF2H nucleosome remodeling. Compacted chromatin generated by CHD3.1 after DNA replication necessitates ACF1–SNF2H–mediated relaxation for DSB repair. ACF1–SNF2H requires RNF20 to bind heterochromatic DSBs, underlies RNF20-mediated chromatin relaxation, and functions downstream of pKAP-1–mediated CHD3.1 dispersal to enable DSB repair. CHD3.1 and ACF1–SNF2H display counteractive activities but similar histone affinities (via the plant homeodomains of CHD3.1 and ACF1), which we suggest necessitates a two-step dispersal and recruitment system regulating these opposing chromatin remodeling activities during DSB repair.
DisAp-dependent striated fiber elongation is required to organize ciliary arrays
Authors: Galati Domenico F. , Bonney Stephanie , Kronenberg Zev , Clarissa Christina , Yandell Mark , Elde Nels C. , Jerka-Dziadosz Maria , Giddings Thomas H. , Frankel Joseph , Pearson Chad G.
Published: December 2014

Cilia-organizing basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule scaffolds that are visibly asymmetrical because they have attached auxiliary structures, such as striated fibers. In multiciliated cells, BB orientation aligns to ensure coherent ciliary beating, but the mechanisms that maintain BB orientation are unclear. For the first time in Tetrahymena thermophila, we use comparative whole-genome sequencing to identify the mutation in the BB disorientation mutant disA-1. disA-1 abolishes the localization of the novel protein DisAp to T. thermophila striated fibers (kinetodesmal fibers; KFs), which is consistent with DisAp’s similarity to the striated fiber protein SF-assemblin. We demonstrate that DisAp is required for KFs to elongate and to resist BB disorientation in response to ciliary forces. Newly formed BBs move along KFs as they approach their cortical attachment sites. However, because they contain short KFs that are rotated, BBs in disA-1 cells display aberrant spacing and disorientation. Therefore, DisAp is a novel KF component that is essential for force-dependent KF elongation and BB orientation in multiciliary arrays.
Osmotic gradient is just the tonic for wounded epithelia
Authors: Short Ben
Published: December 2014

Researchers describe how environmental signals trigger wound repair in zebrafish.
On bounded pseudodifferential operators in a high-dimensional setting
Authors: Amour L. , Jager L. , Nourrigat J.
Published: December 2014

This work is concerned with extending the results of Calderón and Vaillancourt, proving the boundedness of Weyl pseudodifferential operators

O

p
h

W
e
y
l

(
F
)

Op_h^{Weyl} (F)

in

L
2

(

R

n

)

L^2({\mathbb R}^n)

. We state conditions under which the norm of such operators has an upper bound independent of

n
n

. To this aim, we apply a decomposition of the identity to the symbol

F
F

, thus obtaining a sum of operators of a hybrid type, each of them behaving as a Weyl operator with respect to some of the variables and as an anti-Wick operator with respect to the other ones. Then we establish upper bounds for these auxiliary operators, using suitably adapted classical methods like coherent states.
On the invariant theory for acyclic gentle algebras
Authors: Carroll Andrew , Chindris Calin
Published: December 2014

In this paper we show that the fields of rational invariants over the irreducible components of the module varieties for an acyclic gentle algebra are purely transcendental extensions. Along the way, we exhibit for such fields of rational invariants a transcendence basis in terms of Schofield’s determinantal semi-invariants.

We also show that moduli spaces of modules over regular irreducible components are just products of projective spaces.