bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Regulatory Evolution During Speciation in a Songbird
Authors: Davidson John H , Balakrishnan Christopher N
Published: June 2016

Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made toward a comparative understanding of gene regulatory evolution. However, we know little about how gene regulation evolves in birds, and how divergent genomes interact in their hybrids. Because of the unique features of birds – female heterogamety, a highly conserved karyotype, and the slow evolution of reproductive incompatibilities – an understanding of regulatory evolution in birds is critical to a comprehensive understanding of regulatory evolution and its implications for speciation. Using a novel complement of analyses of replicated RNA-seq libraries, we demonstrate abundant divergence in brain gene expression between zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) subspecies. By comparing parental populations and their F1 hybrids, we also show that gene misexpression is relatively rare among brain-expressed transcripts in male birds. If this pattern is consistent across tissues and sexes, it may partially explain the slow buildup of postzygotic reproductive isolation observed in birds relative to other taxa. Although we expected that the action of genetic drift on the island-dwelling zebra finch subspecies would be manifested in a higher rate of trans regulatory divergence, we found that most divergence was in cis regulation, following a pattern commonly observed in other taxa. Thus, our study highlights both unique and shared features of avian regulatory evolution.
Fine-Scale Crossover Rate Variation on theCaenorhabditis elegansX Chromosome
Authors: Bernstein Max R , Rockman Matthew V
Published: June 2016

Meiotic recombination creates genotypic diversity within species. Recombination rates vary substantially across taxa, and the distribution of crossovers can differ significantly among populations and between sexes. Crossover locations within species have been found to vary by chromosome and by position within chromosomes, where most crossover events occur in small regions known as recombination hotspots. However, several species appear to lack hotspots despite significant crossover heterogeneity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was previously found to have the least fine-scale variation in crossover distribution among organisms studied to date. It is unclear whether this pattern extends to the X chromosome given its unique compaction through the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase in hermaphrodites. We generated 798 recombinant nested near-isogenic lines (NILs) with crossovers in a 1.41 Mb region on the left arm of the X chromosome to determine if its recombination landscape is similar to that of the autosomes. We find that the fine-scale variation in crossover rate is lower than that of other model species, and is inconsistent with hotspots. The relationship of genomic features to crossover rate is dependent on scale, with GC content, histone modifications, and nucleosome occupancy being negatively associated with crossovers. We also find that the abundances of 4- to 6-bp DNA motifs significantly explain crossover density. These results are consistent with recombination occurring at unevenly distributed sites of open chromatin.
Chromosome-Wide Impacts on the Expression of Incompatibilities in Hybrids ofTigriopus californicus
Authors: Willett Christopher S , Lima Thiago G , Kovaleva Inna , Hatfield Lydia
Published: June 2016

Chromosome rearrangements such as inversions have been recognized previously as contributing to reproductive isolation by maintaining alleles together that jointly contribute to deleterious genetic interactions and postzygotic reproductive isolation. In this study, an impact of potential incompatibilities merely residing on the same chromosome was found in crosses of populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus. When genetically divergent populations of this copepod are crossed, hybrids show reduced fitness, and deviations from expected genotypic ratios can be used to determine regions of the genome involved in deleterious interactions. In this study, a set of markers was genotyped for a cross of two populations of T. californicus, and these markers show widespread deviations from Mendelian expectations, with entire chromosomes showing marked skew. Despite the importance of mtDNA/nuclear interactions in incompatibilities in this system in previous studies, in these crosses the expected patterns stemming from these interactions are not widely apparent. Females lack recombination in this species, and a striking difference is observed between male and female backcrosses. This suggests that the maintenance of multiple loci on individual chromosomes can enable some incompatibilities, perhaps playing a similar role in the initial rounds of hybridization to chromosomal rearrangements in preserving sets of alleles together that contribute to incompatibilities. Finally, it was observed that candidate pairs of incompatibility regions are not consistently interacting across replicates or subsets of these crosses, despite the repeatability of the deviations at many of the single loci themselves, suggesting that more complicated models of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities may need to be considered.
New Software for the Fast Estimation of Population Recombination Rates (FastEPRR) in the Genomic Era
Authors: Gao Feng , Ming Chen , Hu Wangjie , Li Haipeng
Published: June 2016

Genetic recombination is a very important evolutionary mechanism that mixes parental haplotypes and produces new raw material for organismal evolution. As a result, information on recombination rates is critical for biological research. In this paper, we introduce a new extremely fast open-source software package (FastEPRR) that uses machine learning to estimate recombination rate ρ (=4Ner) from intraspecific DNA polymorphism data. When ρ>10 and the number of sampled diploid individuals is large enough (≥50), the variance of ρFastEPRR remains slightly smaller than that of ρLDhat. The new estimate ρcomb (calculated by averaging ρFastEPRR and ρLDhat) has the smallest variance of all cases. When estimating ρFastEPRR, the finite-site model was employed to analyze cases with a high rate of recurrent mutations, and an additional method is proposed to consider the effect of variable recombination rates within windows. Simulations encompassing a wide range of parameters demonstrate that different evolutionary factors, such as demography and selection, may not increase the false positive rate of recombination hotspots. Overall, accuracy of FastEPRR is similar to the well-known method, LDhat, but requires far less computation time. Genetic maps for each human population (YRI, CEU, and CHB) extracted from the 1000 Genomes OMNI data set were obtained in less than 3 d using just a single CPU core. The Pearson Pairwise correlation coefficient between the ρFastEPRR and ρLDhat maps is very high, ranging between 0.929 and 0.987 at a 5-Mb scale. Considering that sample sizes for these kinds of data are increasing dramatically with advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, FastEPRR (freely available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/evolgen/) is expected to become a widely used tool for establishing genetic maps and studying recombination hotspots in the population genomic era.
Comparative Genomics of Interreplichore Translocations in Bacteria: A Measure of Chromosome Topology?
Authors: Khedkar Supriya , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain
Published: June 2016

Genomes evolve not only in base sequence but also in terms of their architecture, defined by gene organization and chromosome topology. Whereas genome sequence data inform us about the changes in base sequences for a large variety of organisms, the study of chromosome topology is restricted to a few model organisms studied using microscopy and chromosome conformation capture techniques. Here, we exploit whole genome sequence data to study the link between gene organization and chromosome topology in bacteria. Using comparative genomics across ∼250 pairs of closely related bacteria we show that: (a) many organisms show a high degree of interreplichore translocations throughout the chromosome and not limited to the inversion-prone terminus (ter) or the origin of replication (oriC); (b) translocation maps may reflect chromosome topologies; and (c) symmetric interreplichore translocations do not disrupt the distance of a gene from oriC or affect gene expression states or strand biases in gene densities. In summary, we suggest that translocation maps might be a first line in defining a gross chromosome topology given a pair of closely related genome sequences.
TheDrosophila prageGene, Required for Maternal Transcript Destabilization in Embryos, Encodes a Predicted RNA Exonuclease
Authors: Cui Jun , Lai Yun Wei , Sartain Caroline V , Zuckerman Rebecca M , Wolfner Mariana F
Published: June 2016

Egg activation, the transition of mature oocytes into developing embryos, is critical for the initiation of embryogenesis. This process is characterized by resumption of meiosis, changes in the egg’s coverings and by alterations in the transcriptome and proteome of the egg; all of these occur in the absence of new transcription. Activation of the egg is prompted by ionic changes in the cytoplasm (usually a rise in cytosolic calcium levels) that are triggered by fertilization in some animals and by mechanosensitive cues in others. The egg’s transcriptome is dramatically altered during the process, including by the removal of many maternal mRNAs that are not needed for embryogenesis. However, the mechanisms and regulators of this selective RNA degradation are not yet fully known. Forward genetic approaches in Drosophila have identified maternal-effect genes whose mutations prevent the transcriptome changes. One of these genes, prage (prg), was identified by Tadros et al. in a screen for mutants that fail to destabilize maternal transcripts. We identified the molecular nature of the prg gene through a combination of deficiency mapping, complementation analysis, and DNA sequencing of both extant prg mutant alleles. We find that prg encodes a ubiquitously expressed predicted exonuclease, consistent with its role in maternal mRNA destabilization during egg activation.
Patterns of Transcriptional Response to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Primary Human Monocytes
Authors: Kariuki Silvia N , Blischak John D , Nakagome Shigeki , Witonsky David B , Di Rienzo Anna
Published: June 2016

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), plays an important immunomodulatory role, regulating transcription of genes in the innate and adaptive immune system. The present study examines patterns of transcriptome-wide response to 1,25D, and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary human monocytes, to elucidate pathways underlying the effects of 1,25D on the immune system. Monocytes obtained from healthy individuals of African-American and European-American ancestry were treated with 1,25D, LPS, or both, simultaneously. The addition of 1,25D during stimulation with LPS induced significant upregulation of genes in the antimicrobial and autophagy pathways, and downregulation of proinflammatory response genes compared to LPS treatment alone. A joint Bayesian analysis enabled clustering of genes into patterns of shared transcriptional response across treatments. The biological pathways enriched within these expression patterns highlighted several mechanisms through which 1,25D could exert its immunomodulatory role. Pathways such as mTOR signaling, EIF2 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and Tec Kinase signaling were enriched among genes with opposite transcriptional responses to 1,25D and LPS, respectively, highlighting the important roles of these pathways in mediating the immunomodulatory activity of 1,25D. Furthermore, a subset of genes with evidence of interethnic differences in transcriptional response was also identified, suggesting that in addition to the well-established interethnic variation in circulating levels of vitamin D, the intensity of transcriptional response to 1,25D and LPS also varies between ethnic groups. We propose that dysregulation of the pathways identified in this study could contribute to immune-mediated disease risk.
Identification and Characterization of acis-Regulatory Element for Zygotic Gene Expression inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hamaji Takashi , Lopez David , Pellegrini Matteo , Umen James
Published: June 2016

Upon fertilization Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygotes undergo a program of differentiation into a diploid zygospore that is accompanied by transcription of hundreds of zygote-specific genes. We identified a distinct sequence motif we term a zygotic response element (ZYRE) that is highly enriched in promoter regions of C. reinhardtii early zygotic genes. A luciferase reporter assay was used to show that native ZYRE motifs within the promoter of zygotic gene ZYS3 or intron of zygotic gene DMT4 are necessary for zygotic induction. A synthetic luciferase reporter with a minimal promoter was used to show that ZYRE motifs introduced upstream are sufficient to confer zygotic upregulation, and that ZYRE-controlled zygotic transcription is dependent on the homeodomain transcription factor GSP1. We predict that ZYRE motifs will correspond to binding sites for the homeodomain proteins GSP1-GSM1 that heterodimerize and activate zygotic gene expression in early zygotes.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tti2 Regulates PIKK Proteins and Stress Response
Authors: Hoffman Kyle S , Duennwald Martin L , Karagiannis Jim , Genereaux Julie , McCarton Alexander S , Brandl Christopher J
Published: June 2016

The TTT complex is composed of the three essential proteins Tel2, Tti1, and Tti2. The complex is required to maintain steady state levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) proteins, including mTOR, ATM/Tel1, ATR/Mec1, and TRRAP/Tra1, all of which serve as regulators of critical cell signaling pathways. Due to their association with heat shock proteins, and with newly synthesized PIKK peptides, components of the TTT complex may act as cochaperones. Here, we analyze the consequences of depleting the cellular level of Tti2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that yeast expressing low levels of Tti2 are viable under optimal growth conditions, but the cells are sensitive to a number of stress conditions that involve PIKK pathways. In agreement with this, depleting Tti2 levels decreased expression of Tra1, Mec1, and Tor1, affected their localization and inhibited the stress responses in which these molecules are involved. Tti2 expression was not increased during heat shock, implying that it does not play a general role in the heat shock response. However, steady state levels of Hsp42 increase when Tti2 is depleted, and tti2L187P has a synthetic interaction with exon 1 of the human Huntingtin gene containing a 103 residue polyQ sequence, suggesting a general role in protein quality control. We also find that overexpressing Hsp90 or its cochaperones is synthetic lethal when Tti2 is depleted, an effect possibly due to imbalanced stoichiometry of a complex required for PIKK assembly. These results indicate that Tti2 does not act as a general chaperone, but may have a specialized function in PIKK folding and/or complex assembly.
Binding Sites in theEFG1Promoter for Transcription Factors in a Proposed Regulatory Network: A Functional Analysis in the White and Opaque Phases ofCandida albicans
Authors: Pujol Claude , Srikantha Thyagarajan , Park Yang-Nim , Daniels Karla J , Soll David R
Published: June 2016

In Candida albicans the transcription factor Efg1, which is differentially expressed in the white phase of the white-opaque transition, is essential for expression of the white phenotype. It is one of six transcription factors included in a proposed interactive transcription network regulating white-opaque switching and maintenance of the alternative phenotypes. Ten sites were identified in the EFG1 promoter that differentially bind one or more of the network transcription factors in the white and/or opaque phase. To explore the functionality of these binding sites in the differential expression of EFG1, we generated targeted deletions of each of the 10 binding sites, combinatorial deletions, and regional deletions using a Renillareniformis luciferase reporter system. Individually targeted deletion of only four of the 10 sites had minor effects consistent with differential expression of EFG1, and only in the opaque phase. Alternative explanations are considered.
Religion and Identity in South Asia and Beyond: Essays in Honor of Patrick Olivelle, edited by Steven E. Lindquist
Authors: Cecil Elizabeth
Published: June 2016

Religion and Identity in South Asia and Beyond: Essays in Honor of Patrick Olivelle, edited by Steven E. Lindquist. Cultural, Historical and Textual Studies of Religions; New York: Anthem Press, 2011. 392 pp., £60 (pb). ISBN 978-1-78308-067-0 (pb).
Narrating Karma and Rebirth: Buddhist and Jain Multi-Life Stories, by Naomi Appleton
Authors: Pragya Samani Unnata
Published: June 2016

Narrating Karma and Rebirth: Buddhist and Jain Multi-Life Stories, by Naomi Appleton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. x + 239 pp., £60.00 (hb). ISBN 978-1-10703-393-1 (hb).
The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and living Tradition, eds. Ravi Gupta and Kenneth Valpey
Authors: Bryant Edwin
Published: June 2016

The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and living Tradition, eds. Ravi Gupta and Kenneth Valpey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. xiii +279. ISBN 978-0-321-14998-3 (hb), 0978-0-231-14999-0 (pbk).
When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after her Death, by Orianne Aymard
Authors: Rinehart Robin
Published: June 2016

When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after her Death, by Orianne Aymard. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. xi + 348 pp., £65.00 (hb), £19.99 (pb). ISBN 978-0-19936-861-7 (hb), 978-0-19936-862-4 (pb).
Characterization of Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl–Resistant Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) from Mississippi
Authors: Wright Alice A. , Nandula Vijay K. , Grier Logan , Showmaker Kurt C. , Bond Jason A. , Peterson Daniel G. , Ray Jeffery D. , Shaw David R.
Published: June 2016

A population of junglerice from Sunflower County, MS, exhibited resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. An 11-fold difference in ED50(the effective dose needed to reduce growth by 50%) values was observed when comparing the resistant population (249 g ae ha–1) with susceptible plants (20 g ae ha–1) collected from a different field. The resistant population was controlled by clethodim and sethoxydim at the field rate. Sequencing of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, which encodes the enzyme targeted by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, did not reveal the presence of any known resistance-conferring point mutations. An enzyme assay confirmed that the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in the resistant population is herbicide sensitive. Further investigations with two cytochrome P450 inhibitors, malathion and piperonyl butoxide, and a glutathione-S-transferase inhibitor, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, did not indicate involvement of any metabolic enzymes inhibited by these compounds. The absence of a known target-site point mutation and the sensitivity of the ACCase enzyme to herbicide show that fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance in this population is due to a non–target-site mechanism or mechanisms.
IgA1 Glycosylation Is Heritable in Healthy Twins
Authors: Lomax-Browne Hannah J. , Visconti Alessia , Pusey Charles D. , Cook H. Terence , Spector Tim D. , Pickering Matthew C. , Falchi Mario
Published: June 2016

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary GN and an important cause of kidney failure. Characteristically, patients with IgAN have increased serum levels of undergalactosylated IgA1 (gd-IgA1). To assess the degree to which serum gd-IgA1 levels are genetically determined in healthy individuals, we determined serum IgA and gd-IgA1 levels by ELISA in a sample of 148 healthy female twins, including 27 monozygotic and 47 dizygotic pairs. Using the classic twin model, we found the heritability of serum gd-IgA1 and IgA levels to be 80% (95% confidence interval, 66% to 89%) and 46% (95% confidence interval, 15% to 69%), respectively. These data indicate that serum gd-IgA1 levels are highly heritable. Elucidating the genetic basis of this heritability will be important in understanding the pathogenesis of IgAN.
Credit Default Swaps in General Equilibrium: Spillovers, Credit Spreads, and Endogenous Default
Authors: Darst R. Matthew , Refayet Ehraz
Published: June 2016

This paper highlights two new effects of credit default swap markets (CDS) in a general equilibrium setting. First, when firms' cash flows are correlated, CDSs impact the cost of capital {credit spreads {and investment for all firms, even those that are not CDS reference entities. Second, when firms internalize the credit spread changes, the incentive to issue safe rather than risky bonds is fundamentally altered. Issuing safe debt requires a transfer of profits from good states to bad states to ensure full repayment. Alternatively, issuing risky bonds maximizes profits in good states at the expense of default in bad states. Profits fall when credit spreads increase, which raises the opportunity cost of issuing risky debt compared to issuing safe debt. Symmetrically, lower credit spreads reduce the opportunity cost of issuing risky debt relative to safe debt. CDSs affect the credit spread at which firms issue risky debt, and ultimately the opportunity cost of issuing defaultable bonds
Práticas Docentes sob o Olhar de Egressos
Authors: Cardoso Patricia Capitani , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: June 2016

Teacher’s practice, permeated by his/her being and doing in the classroom was and remains the subject of study in academia. This article presents the result of a Master Degree’s investigation on Education aimed to identify what are the practices of teachers in a Technical Course in Computing from a town located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre under of the view former students. The investigation was a mixed research methodology approach with an exploratory/descriptive goal and a technical ex-post-facto procedure. The research tool was a questionnaire administered to graduates a Technical Course in Computing. Quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistics while for the qualitative data we used analysis of content. Among the emerged results, it was observed that graduates with supervised training seem to have a more critical view than the non-supervised training graduates about the activities developed by their teachers. We identified different practices developed by teachers, among them in class assessment without student’s feedback, highlighting the need for improving the assessment practice by the teachers. We observed the need of a teaching more related with the labor market, as well as classes that combine theory with practice.
Conciliación de la Vida Laboral y Familiar en Mujeres en Formación Ocupacional
Authors: Blanco Garcí­a Marí­a Montserrat , Sánchez Antolí­n Pablo , Ramos Francisco Javier
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To analyze the imagery of women on reconciling work and family life to explore the beliefs, opinions and related experiences of gender inequality. Methods: We applied a qualitative methodology of in-depth, semi-structured individual and group women in vocational training courses. We have also conducted interviews with experts on gender equality. Results: Women and experts interviewed manifest the presence of barriers to reconciling work and family both in the organizations, career advancement, and applicable legislation. Conclusions: There is an undercurrent in the collective imagination and individual beliefs of society that allows the maintenance of the values associated with the patriarchal organization, sexual division of labor and socializing unequal gender roles. It is required a transformation of work organization to improve the lives of people.
Teens, Health and Technology: A National Survey
Authors: Wartella Ellen , Rideout Vicky , Montague Heather , Beaudoin-Ryan Leanne , Lauricella Alexis
Published: June 2016

In the age of digital technology, as teens seem to be constantly connected online, via social media, and through mobile applications, it is no surprise that they increasingly turn to digital media to answer their health questions. This study is the first of its kind to survey a large, nationally-representative sample of teens to investigate how they use the newest digital technologies, including mobile apps, social networking sites, electronic gaming and wearable devices, to explore health topics. The survey covered the types of health topics teens most frequently search for, which technologies they are most likely to use and how they use them, and whether they report having changed their behaviors due to digital health information. In addition, this survey explores how the digital divide continues to impact adolescents. Results of this study indicate that teens are concerned about many health issues, ranging from fitness, sexual activity, drugs, hygiene as well as mental health and stress. As teens virtually always have a digital device at their fingertips, it is clear that public health interventions and informational campaigns must be tailored to reflect the ways that teens currently navigate digital health information and the health challenges that concern them most.
Possible Effects of Internet Use on Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Authors: Mills Kathryn L.
Published: June 2016

The rise of digital media use and the ability to be in almost constant connection to the Internet has raised a number of concerns about how Internet use could impact cognitive abilities. In particular, parents and policy makers are concerned with how being ‘constantly online’ might disrupt social and cognitive development. This review integrates the latest empirical evidence on Internet use with relevant experimental studies to discuss how online behaviors, and the structure of the online environment, might affect the cognitive development of adolescents. Popular concerns are discussed in light of the reviewed evidence, and remaining gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention
Authors: Delgado M. Kit , Wanner Kathryn J. , McDonald Catherine
Published: June 2016

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents, and drivers aged 16–19 are the most likely to die in distracted driving crashes. This paper provides an overview of the literature on adolescent cellphone use while driving, focusing on the crash risk, incidence, risk factors for engagement, and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies. We conclude by discussing promising future approaches to prevent crashes related to cellphone use in adolescents. Handheld manipulation of the phone while driving has been shown to have a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of a near crash or crash, and eye glance duration greater than 2 seconds increases crash risk exponentially. Nearly half of U.S. high school students admit to texting while driving in the last month, but the frequency of use according to vehicle speed and high-risk situations remains unknown. Several risk factors are associated with cell phone use while driving including: parental cellphone use while driving, social norms for quick responses to text messages, and higher levels of temporal discounting. Given the limited effectiveness of current mitigation strategies such as educational campaigns and legal bans, a multi-pronged behavioral and technological approach addressing the above risk factors will be necessary to reduce this dangerous behavior in adolescents.
Introduction to the Issue “Adolescents in the Digital Age: Effects on Health and Development”
Authors: Romer Daniel
Published: June 2016

This thematic issue brings together papers by researchers who are studying the ways that today’s adolescents interact with their peers, families, and the larger media environment in the digital age. The contributors highlight both the challenges and the opportunities that this new age presents for the healthy development of young people.
Efeitos da Fotobiomodulação nas Alterações Extrapulmonares Ocasionadas pelo Enfisema Experimental em Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Fonseca Khetyma Moreira , Rodrigues Leonardo de Melo , Ferreira Danniel Cabral Leão , Vilaça Márcia Milena Oliveira , Galvão Suzana Maria Pereira , Alves Wellington dos Santos
Published: June 2016

O enfisema pulmonar é um processo inflamatório pulmonar e tem repercussões extrapulmonares. Os objetivos desta pesquisa são investigar os efeitos da fotobiomodulação nas alterações extrapulmonares. Foram selecionados 24 ratos, divididos em três grupos de 8 animais: grupo controle (GC: recebeu apenas solução salina); grupo DPOC (GD: instilação de papaína 2 mg/kg); grupo DPOC + laser (GDL: instilação de papaína + 15 dias de laserterapia). Para análise dos dados foi coletado e observado: CKMB, LBA, Histologia (análise morfométrica) e espessura das câmaras cardíacas (análise morfométrica), respectivamente. Houve diminuição no número de células inflamatórias no LBA do GDL (p < 0,05) quando comparado com GC e GD; aumento dos níveis de CKMB no grupo GD (p < 0,05); e diminuição significativa no GDL (p = 0,0009) quando comparado com o GD, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (p < 0,05) no grupo GD e GDL quando comparado com controle. A fotobiomodulação diminui a liberação de células inflamatórias responsáveis pela liberação do CKMB na corrente sanguínea, diminuindo assim os níveis de CKMB e reduzindo os riscos de infarto do miocárdio.
Constipação Intestinal: Aspectos Epidemiológicos e Clínicos
Authors: Garcia Lillian Bolanheis , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes , Souza Mariana Valença de , Santos Margarete Simone Fanhani dos , Pereira Claúdia Olsen Matos
Published: June 2016

Nos últimos anos, devido à elevada prevalência, a constipação intestinal vem sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública. Essa patologia faz parte das doenças funcionais que acometem o intestino, causando repercussões negativas sobre a qualidade de vida. Diferentes abordagens não-medicamentosas e medicamentosas têm sido propostas para sua prevenção e tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da constipação intestinal, com o intuito de contribuir para elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e resolução do problema quando instalado. A literatura consultada revela que vários fatores de risco podem contribuir para o surgimento da constipação intestinal, portanto é indispensável adotar uma dieta equilibrada e hábitos saudáveis, com mudanças comportamentais simples, como aumento do consumo de alimentos ricos em fibras, aumento da ingestão de líquidos e a prática de atividade física.
Intensidade de Exercício Físico e Imunomodulação: Impactos em Infecções das Vias Aéreas
Authors: Lopes Diego Patrick Soares , Muniz Igor Pereira Ribeiro , Silva Robson Amaro Augusto da
Published: June 2016

A atividade física tem sido utilizada como ferramenta de auxílio para a diminuição da incidência de diversos riscos, tais como obesidade, desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes. Além disso, ela tem sido descrita como medida imunomodulatória. O exercício físico possui algumas variáveis, dentre elas a frequência do exercício e a intensidade do mesmo. As variáveis nesse âmbito têm sido relacionadas a diferentes efeitos na modulação da resposta desenvolvida em diferentes sistemas e por vezes pode estar associada ao aumento da suscetibilidade a infecções ou ao aumento da resistência a infecções. O sistema respiratório representa uma das maiores portas de entrada para microrganismos patogênicos apresentando grande incidência de doenças infecciosas em atletas de elite. O exercício moderado tem sido associado a uma proteção contra infecções respiratórias causadas por vírus e por bactérias quando comparado ao exercício intenso, que de forma contrária, tem sido relacionado ao aumento da suscetibilidade a essas infecções principalmente em atletas praticantes de atividade física intensa. Nessa revisão pontuamos os aspectos mais recentes associados à modulação da resposta imune pela atividade física e suas implicações em infecções no sistema respiratório.
Espiritualidade e Resiliência em Pacientes Oncológicos
Authors: Soratto Maria Tereza , Silva Dipaula Minotto da , Zugno Paula Ioppi , Daniel Raquel
Published: June 2016

Resiliência significa a capacidade de recuperar-se de adversidades, força, resistência, superação diante do processo de adoecimento. Este estudo configura-se em pesquisa com objetivo de identificar a importância da espiritualidade na resiliência em pacientes oncológicos internados em uma unidade oncológica hospitalar. Trata-se de pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa descritiva. O estudo foi desenvolvido com dez (10) pacientes em tratamento em uma clínica de internação oncológica de um hospital de grande porte e alta complexidade da Região Sul de Santa Catarina. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os pacientes destacaram as dificuldades enfrentadas com o processo de adoecimento, relatando as transformações que surgiram na rotina familiar, nas atividades de vida diária e na própria fé em Deus. Os pacientes oncológicos consideram que existe influência da espiritualidade na resiliência para enfrentar o processo de adoecimento e tratamento. Cabe à enfermagem compreender e valorizar a relação entre espiritualidade e o enfrentamento do câncer. O cuidado espiritual em enfermagem pode ser considerado base da humanização da assistência, princípio norteador da ética do cuidar.
Desvelando a Vivência da Equipe Multiprofissional no Cuidar do Paciente Esquizofrênico
Authors: Suguyama Patricia , Buzzo Laís Stocco , Oliveira Magda Lúcia Félix de
Published: June 2016

A esquizofrenia é considerada um transtorno mental grave e crônico, que possui um rol de sintomas. Assim, é imprescindível compreender o contexto no qual se insere o paciente, para determinar quais intervenções contribuirão para o seu tratamento. Nesse sentido, o trabalho em equipe tem por fim a reorganização do serviço para promover qualidade de vida ao paciente. Objetivou-se, portanto, compreender a vivência da equipe multiprofissional na atenção ao paciente esquizofrênico, por meio de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa dez profissionais de um Hospital Psiquiátrico situado no Norte do Paraná. Os dados foram analisados conforme Bardin e, segundo a análise de conteúdo, foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: Vivência da equipe multiprofissional com o paciente esquizofrênico e Importância da equipe multiprofissional na assistência ao paciente esquizofrênico. O resultado revelou que os entrevistados, além de trabalharem em equipe, reconheceram sua importância no tratamento do paciente e que a interdisciplinaridade faz parte da realidade dos mesmos, no qual mostram-se evidentes nas falas.
Consumo Alimentar de Magnésio, Potássio e Fósforo por Adolescentes de uma Escola Pública
Authors: Batista Adriana Maciel , Silva Elviane Maria da , Silva Emerson Iago Garcia e , Messias Cristhiane Maria Bazílio de Omena
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo, do tipo transversal, teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar de magnésio, potássio e fósforo por 207 adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino, com faixa etária de 15-17 anos, de uma escola pública de Petrolina - Pernambuco. As atividades foram iniciadas com a coleta dos dados alimentares por meio do Recordatório 24hrs; para a quantificação dos minerais foram utilizadas a tabela de medidas caseiras, a tabela brasileira de composição de alimentos e a tabela de composição nutricional dos alimentos consumidos no Brasil. Para comparar a ingestão destes minerais segundo sexo e faixa etária, utilizou-se as recomendações dispostas pelas DRIs. Com relação ao consumo mediano, apenas os adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram consumo de fósforo acima do recomendado. Os percentuais de inadequação foram elevados em ambos os sexos, principalmente para o consumo de magnésio (96,2% e 96%) e potássio (100% e 98,7%). O percentual de inadequação de fósforo apresentou-se superior para os meninos (67,6%) em relação ao sexo feminino (41,4%). O baixo consumo destes minerais pode levar ao comprometimento futuro do estado nutricional desta população; portanto, é de extrema importância o desenvolvimento de intervenções objetivando a melhora do comportamento alimentar.
Perfil Nutricional de Pacientes HIV Positivo do Município de Apucarana (PR)
Authors: Gomes Tatiane Bordini , Lourival Natalia Brandão dos Santos
Published: June 2016

Conhecer o perfil nutricional dos pacientes com HIV é o primeiro passo para uma nutrição adequada e um tratamento bem sucedido, garantindo ao paciente uma melhora na qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, o estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o perfil nutricional do paciente portador do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana no município de Apucarana(PR). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do braço, dobra cutânea tricipital e circunferência muscular do braço. Além disso, foram aplicados questionário de frequência alimentar e questionário sobre histórico da doença. Os resultados apontam uma mudança no perfil nutricional dos pacientes, onde 45,5% apresentam sobrepeso, seguidos de indivíduos eutróficos. Essa mudança está relacionada ao uso de medicações antirretrovirais, pois estas possuem como efeito colateral a redistribuição de peso corpóreo.
Poner en palabras lo traumático: mujeres sobrevivientes del abuso sexual
Authors: Fridman Irene
Published: June 2016

En este trabajo se profundiza acerca de las consecuencias psíquicas de haber sido víctima de incesto en la infancia, comparando la situación traumática de la violencia sexual incestuosa con los efectos psíquicos de las víctimas de violencia política. Junto con esto se realiza un análisis crítico acerca de los puntos de la teoría psicoanalítica problemáticos para poder entender las vivencias de las mujeres que son víctimas de violencia.

 
¿Redondilla o quadra?: notas sobre unos versos del siglo XVII
Authors: Moíño Sánchez Pablo
Published: June 2016

Se analiza un poema del siglo XVII, buscando su autoría entre los escritores castellanos y portugueses de la época
La transmisión impresa del teatro de Rojas Zorrila
Authors: González Cañal Rafael
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo se centra en la transmisión impresa del teatro de Rojas Zorrilla, desde las primeras ediciones realizadas en vida del dramaturgo, hasta el panorama editorial más reciente. A lo largo del artículo, se valora la fortuna editorial de Rojas en las distintas épocas y se analiza la difusión de su teatro a través de la imprenta
La poesía de Juan Chabás en el contexto de la vanguardia hispánica: tradición e innovaciones
Authors: Díez de Revenga Francisco Javier
Published: June 2016

Se propone un análisis de los poemas publicados por Chabás entre 1921 y 1928 en las revistas de la primera vanguardia
La imagen del terrorista en la novela española actual
Authors: Alonso Rey María Dolores
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo se propone analizar la figura del terrorista en la narrativa actual española. Nuestro corpus ofrece una variada tipología del terrorismo, desde los anarquistas hasta los actuales etarras. Se estudia su figura como miembro de un grupo y como ser individual. Interesa también la figura del ex-terrorista y la imagen que del verdugo tienen las víctimas. Por lo que respecta al grupo, se hace incapié en la figura del líder, de los miembros del comando y en los conflictos que se originan en su seno. Como individuo, se analiza la génesis del terrorista privilegiando el ambiente familiar, la razón del ingreso y la socialización dentro del grupo. La imagen resultante es la de un ser fracasado y destruído.
Notas a un texto inédito de Max Aub: su comentario a "Hombre y Dios" de Dámaso Alonso (1955)
Authors: Carriedo Castro Pablo
Published: June 2016

En los alrededores de 1955, Max Aub inicia, desde su exilio en México, una serie de contactos epistolares con el mundo intelectual del interior del país. Son éstos apenas una frágil restauración de sus relaciones tras la catástrofe de la Guerra Civil española. Sin embargo, constituyen también el único testimonio escrito que nos ha llegado hasta hoy acerca de cómo el escritor valenciano intentó superar el aislamiento y la incomunicación y, así, poder seguir y comprender los nuevos caminos de la cultura española bajo la dictadura franquista. El inédito que aquí se presenta ilustra, desde el ámbito más privado y personal, el modo en que Max Aub desarrolló ese trabajo, en concreto, sobre un comentario a un libro de su amigo Dámaso Alonso
Fábula mitológica en España: valoración y perspectivas
Authors: Cristóbal López Vicente
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo ofrece un detallado balance de las "perspectivas de futuro y valoración retrospectiva" en los estudios de este género literario. Las reflexiones del famoso especialista en Tradición Clásica, acompañadas ahora de una selección bibliográfica, se articulan en cinco grandes secciones: 1. La fábula mitológica romance, fruto tardío del alejandrinismo poético; 2. Terminología: el concepto de fábula; 3. Breve historia del género en España; 4. Los estudios sobre el género; 5. Perspectivas de investigación inmediatas y futuras: los problemas editoriales
Death of an elephant
Authors: Taherifard Mina
Published: June 2016

Old and new books of fiction are abundantly visible on checkout counters, public libraries, and bookstores in shopping malls and on the Internet. They usually deal with mystery, romance, and sellable thrills of life. That explains the conspicuous invisibility of Death of an Elephant. It’s a novella, self-published by a serious academic. Brij Mohan's debut in the reality-based realm of fiction mocks at the ‘absurdities’ of life in an otherwise progressive, happy, and affluent world.
Produção de Biodiesel Metílico de Soja com o Auxílio de um Coletor Solar Sustentável
Authors: Pimentel Cavalcanti Luiz Antonio
Published: June 2016

A busca por fontes de energias alternativas tem aumentado substancialmente na última década, devido a expectativa de diminuição gradativa das reservas de petróleo e aumento da preocupação com as questões ambientais. O biodiesel vem se consolidando como potencial substituto para o diesel, porém, um dos gargalos da produção ainda é o custo operacional. Uma alternativa ao processo é utilizar coletores solares para realizar o aquecimento da reação de transesterificação. O presente trabalho propôs a construção de um protótipo de coletor solar constituído de matérias potencialmente recicláveis como garrafas PET e embalagens do tipo Tetra Pak. As garrafas PET foram recortadas na sua parte inferior para um encaixe futuro, tendo como função a proteção da parte absorvedora do painel do protótipo. As embalagens Tetra Pak foram pintadas de preto fosco em apenas um dos lados com intuito de absorver com maior eficiência os raios solares. Após a construção do coletor, foram realizados testes de aquecimento, para verificar se o mesmo forneceria a temperatura mínima desejada para haver a reação de transesterificação. O perfil de ésteres presentes no biodiesel, bem como, o seu teor de éster foram avaliados por cromatografia gasosa e seu valor enquadrado na resolução ANP N° 14 de 2012.
Avaliação de um Módulo de Reconhecimento de Fala na Plataforma Arduino
Authors: Andrade Carlos Alberto , Ramos Silva Gustavo , Cavalcante da Silva Daniella Dias , Vasconcelos César Rocha
Published: June 2016

O grande avanço tecnológico gerado pela globalização tornou urgente a busca por dispositivos eletrônicos que sejam viáveis, ágeis e práticos. Uma ferramenta poderosa e que cingi todo esse cunho fundamental é a possibilidade de realizar a interação com tais dispositivos por meio do reconhecimento da fala. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um módulo de reconhecimento de fala compatível com a plataforma Arduino, identificando seus recursos como também suas limitações. A metodologia adotada incluiu testes de reconhecimento em um ambiente com ruído e uma análise de SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) para o microfone que acompanha o módulo. Ao longo deste artigo são apresentados os principais conceitos relacionados ao reconhecimento de fala, sobre a plataforma Arduino e funcionamento do módulo analisado. 
Avaliação da Amostragem Compressiva em Sinais de ECG e Imagens Digitais
Authors: Regis Carlos Danilo Miranda , Caldeira Luiz Guedes , Gurjão Edmar Candeia
Published: June 2016

A amostragem compressiva permite obter representações mais compactadas de sinais do que as obtidas nas arquiteturas baseadas no teorema de Nyquist. Por esse motivo este trabalho, em um primeiro momento, faz uma descrição sucinta desta nova técnica e apresenta a avaliação de sua aplicação para os sinais de Eletrocardiograma (ECG) eem imagens. Para sinais de ECG conseguiu-se até 59% de compressão sem perda das características do sinal, e para sinais de imagens obteve-se mais de 50% de compressão para níveis aceitáveis de perdas de qualidade.
O enfermeiro e o ensino na assistência às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis: revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Joao Carlos Alves dos
Published: June 2016

As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana são doenças de alta prevalência, além de ser um problema de política pública de saúde do país. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar na literatura nacional estudos a respeito da formação do enfermeiro docente e o seu ensino por meio de métodos e práticas pedagógicas na assistência a essas doenças. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa. A busca foi realizada na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, mediante a combinação dos descritores: Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida, Docentes, Ensino, Enfermagem entre o ano 2000 à 2014. Foram encontrados cinco artigos após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão pré-definidos. Observou-se o relato de experiência e a valorização da percepção pessoal e profissional como instrumentos que alicerçam o ensino ao tema pelos docentes de enfermagem. Portanto, sugere-se a ampliação de pesquisas sobre o contexto docente e as estratégias de ensino, pois estudos com esse enfoque são fundamentais para uma percepção reflexiva do ensino em enfermagem e contribui para a melhoria de sua ação como educador.

Nurses and teaching in assistance for sexually transmitted diseases: a integrative review

ABSTRACT - Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency syndrome are highly prevalent diseases. Also, they are a public policy issue of health of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze in the national literature studies on the training of teaching nurses and their education through educational methods and practices in the care of these diseases.  This is a study of integrative review. The search was performed in the database Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences. Through the combination of descriptors: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Teachers, Education, Nursing between 2000 and 2014. Five articles were found after application of predefined inclusion criteria. We observed a report of experience and the enhancement of personal and professional perception as instruments that support teaching on the subject by nursing professors. Therefore, we suggest the expansion of research on the teaching context and teaching strategies, because studies with this approach are key to a reflexive perception of nursing education and they contribute to the improvement of its action as an educator.