bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial and meander-like Breast Ultrasound demonstrate similar diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility for BI-RADS 3 Lesions
Authors: Zanetti-Dällenbach Rosanna , Brasier-Lutz Pascale , Jäggi-Wickes Claudia , Schaedelin Sabine , Burian Rosemarie , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann
Published: May 2021

Introduction Radial ultrasound (r-US) or ductosonography is usually applied as an adjunct to meander-like ultrasound (m-US) but rarely as the sole scanning method. Here we compare r-US and m-US with regard to breast lesions detected and interpreted as BI-RADS 3 , i.e. probably benign. Materials and Methods Eligible patients received a meander-like and a radial breast ultrasound in random order on the same day by two different examiners. The same type of ultrasound equipment was used but with specific probes. Results We performed 1984 dual ultrasound examinations. In 121 BI-RADS 3 lesions, a breast biopsy was performed and the histology of two (1.7%) BI-RADS 3 lesions turned out to be malignant. The specificity for m-US was 95.0%, and 96.6% for r-US. One (0.8%) benign lesion was missed by m-US, whereas r-US missed 2 (1.7%) benign lesions. Each missed lesion was identified by the other scanning method. The mean maximal lesion diameter (ICC 0.82), the mean lesion volume (ICC 0.87), the clock-face localization (κ 0.82) and the mean distance to the skin (ICC 0.77) show excellent, and the mean distance from the lesion to the mammilla (ICC 0.65) good agreement between m-US and r-US. The agreement between m-US and r-US in regard to sonomorphologic criteria ranged from excellent to poor. In 71.9% the lesion was classified as BI-RADS 3 by m-US as well as r-US. The examination time for r-US was significantly shorter than for m-US. Conclusion For BI-RADS 3 breast lesions, radial breast ultrasound is an alternative to meander-like ultrasound since the diagnostic accuracy of the two scanning methods is comparable. Notably, patients benefit from a significantly shorter examination time.
An intensive monitoring of adverse drug reactions in pediatric hospitalized patients of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patel Prakruti P. , Makrani Mustak M. , Gandhi Anuradha M. , Desai Mira K. , Desai Chetna K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Children are at a higher risk of therapeutic failure due to major difference in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics of drugs, off-label use and divergence of their illness from adult. The safety of drugs used in adult patients cannot be extrapolated to a pediatric age group. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and overall pattern of adverse drug reactions in pediatric patients hospitalized in pediatric wards at a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods: Pediatric patients up to 12 years hospitalized in two randomly selected pediatric units were enrolled and followed up daily till discharge. Detailed information of patients and ADRs (adverse drug reactions) if any were recorded from case records. ADRs were assessed for incidence, onset, duration, management, outcome, causality, severity, preventability, seriousness and risk factors. Appropriateness of drug treatment in patients with ADRs was analyzed using Phadke’s criteria. Data was analyzed using student’s t test, ANOVA and Chi square test.Results: A total of 700 patients were enrolled (mean age 3.95±0.12 years). A total of 66 ADRs observed in 58 patients. Intravenous (70.4%) being most common route for ADRs. The incidence of ADRs was 8.28%. Majority of ADRs occurred within 1 day, commonly affected skin and appendages followed by (28.78%), GI (25.75%) ADRs were frequently associated with antimicrobials (69.38%) and vaccines and sera (12.24%). Majority of reactions were mild (56%%), non-serious (77.2%), not preventable (95.4%), recovered completely at discharge (83.33%) and had possible (77.2%) causal association with suspect drug. Age group 0-3 years and prescription of ≥5 drugs were risk factors for occurrence of ADRs. Semi rational drug therapy was observed in 65.5% patients.Conclusions: Clinicians should be vigilant regarding occurrence of ADRs in pediatrics especially during the first week of hospitalization. Risk factors like 0-3 years of age and multiple drugs should be taken into consideration during treatment of these patients to help minimize adverse drug reactions.
Lasmiditan: the first neurally acting anti-migraine drug
Authors: Bhanwra Sangeeta , Mahajan Sonia S. , Kumar Rajiv
Published: May 2021

Lasmiditan is the first neurally acting drug for the treatment of acute migraine. It is a highly selective, orally acting 5-HT1F agonist that was approved in November 2019, for the acute treatment of migraine in adults, with or without aura, by USFDA. Lesmiditan may help in terminating the acute attack of migraine by inhibiting the central and peripheral neuronal activity and the release of CGRP.
Systemically administered central nervous system drugs induced ocular side effects: a review
Authors: A. R. Vijaykumar , Epison Prabu Daniel , A. Kabeera Begum , V. P. Abirami , Hussain Ajmal , Kader Abdul Azeez , Abdunnasir Ansar Ali
Published: May 2021

Several systemic drugs have reported ocular and visual side effects that affect patient management. It is imperative to be familiar with the associated side effects which can be mild or transient and may seriously threaten vision. This article deals briefly with the mechanisms and reasons that account for the impact that systemically administered central nervous system (CNS) drugs can exert on the visual or ocular system. The eye care practitioner can be instrumental in detecting and reporting ocular side effects, advising patients and collaborating with other members of the patient’s healthcare team. One of the difficulties include becoming familiar with the countless systemic medications prescribed to patients. Another is being able to correlate a particular side effect with a suspected drug. Several of the ocular adverse effects such as glaucoma, cataract, blurred vision, color vision, optic neuritis, maculopathy, dry eye, etc., are vision threatening and often patients fail to recognize or describe the symptoms appropriately. Therefore, physicians and paramedical members like staff nurses, clinical pharmacists and other members must make adequate observations while recommending these drugs to patients.
COVID-19 challenges in clinical trials
Authors: Panchatcharam Murugan , Mukku Sravanthi Lakshmi
Published: May 2021

Clinical research involves working with human subjects to answer questions relevant to their well-being in an ethical manner. The current scenario from the past one year has drastically changed the face of the clinical trials. The present COVID prevalence and simultaneously conducting the research with all the regulations and the precautions has been the difficult task for the contract research organisations (CRO).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese and overweight children
Authors: Akhter Romana , Begum Suraiya , Alam Farzana , Shyamaly Kohinoor Jahan , Tithi Baraka Badrudduja , Karim Mohammad Rezaul
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is rising alarmingly and approaching an epidemic proportion in many countries. It increases the risk of developing non-communicable disease in adulthood. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key co-morbidity associated with obesity and emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. This study aimed to see the prevalence of the NAFLD with overweight and obesity among children.Methods:  It was a cross sectional study conducted among children aged 5.5 to 18 years attending in the pediatric endocrinology clinic of department of pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university over a period of 14 months. Children’s weight and height were evaluated and then BMI was calculated for particular age and sex according to center for disease control growth chart. All obese and overweight children were included except those taking systemic steroid, or suffering from genetic, endocrine, liver or renal disease. Patients were advised to do serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ultrasonography of hepatobiliary system.Results: A total of 90 children were enrolled in the study. Among them majority (93.3%) were obese and the rest were overweight (6.7%). Overall, 40% children had NAFLD including 40.5% among the obese and 33.3% among the overweight (p>0.05). Majority (91.6%) had mild NAFLD. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) level was raised significantly among children with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (58.3% and 16.7% respectively, p<0.001).Conclusions: More than one-third of the overweight and obese children had NAFLD with a significantly higher level of ALT compared to children without NAFLD. Therefore, NAFLD should be routinely screened among children with increased weight to take timely intervention and prevent further progression of the disease.
Thiamine responsive pulmonary hypertension: case series
Authors: Venkat Cuddapah Gaurav , Pujitha Vallivedu Chennakesavulu , Channawar Kanchan S. , Vasavi Vadde
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is most commonly related either to a cardiac or a pulmonary cause. But less commonly various hematological, hepatic, genetic causes are also associated. Infantile PH due to vitamin deficiencies is very rare though few cases with thiamine deficiencies causing PH have been reported lately. Lack of awareness and late recognition of thiamine deficiency may result in high mortality. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and management to decrease the severity and morbidity and thereby preventing long term implications on neurological development. Here, we described three cases of infants admitted to Kamineni academy of medical sciences diagnosed with PH who responded dramatically to thiamine supplements. The lack of rapid diagnostic capacity and the severe outcome of thiamine deficiency justify the use of a therapeutic thiamine challenge in cases with high clinical suspicion. Increased awareness about thiamine deficiency and low threshold for thiamine use should guide clinicians in their practice.
Quality of life among leprosy patients in the western province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Liyanage Nadeeja R. , Arnold Mahendra , Wijesinghe Millawage Supun D.
Published: May 2021

Background: Leprosy can affect the quality of life (QOL) of a person in many ways. Deformities and disabilities in leprosy leads to physical impairment. The stigma associated with leprosy leads to social isolation, which affects patient psychologically. By assessing the QOL would give an in-depth understanding of the effects on leprosy in different dimensions of health.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the QOL of 572 adult leprosy patients attending clinics in the western province using a locally validated Sinhala version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Consecutive sampling method was used and data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire (IAQ). The scores ranged from 1 to 5 for overall QOL and overall general health questions.Results: The overall QOL had a mean score of 3.4 (SD=0.8) and overall general health had a mean of 3.6 (SD=2.2). The mean scores of domains of WHOQOL-BREF included physical 69.8 (SD=17.1), psychological 68.2 (SD=16.6), social 55.1 (SD=25.0), environment 64 (SD=18.3) in the sample. With regards to socio-demographic factors, a higher QOL was observed in patients <60 years, male sex, passed O/L or above and currently employed with an income of rupees forty thousand (200$) or more and living in a permanent house. Higher QOL was also observed in patients without disability and who perform daily activities alone.Conclusions: QOL of leprosy patients was higher in physical, psychological, environment domains and was lower in the social domain. Continuous awareness programmes should be conducted for health workers and community to early identification, which reduces disabilities and improve QOL.
Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending medical outpatient clinic, Thika level 5 hospital, Kenya
Authors: Gladys Magara Monyenye , Gachohi John , Muriithi Alex
Published: May 2021

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke and heart and kidney disease. A study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients (study participants) attending a medical outpatient clinic, Thika level 5 Hospital (TL5H), Kenya.Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design and a mixed-methods approach. While the quantitative arm sampled 394 study participants using systematic random sampling, purposive sampling selected 18 health care workers who served as key informant sand 35 study participants took part in focus group discussions in the qualitative arm. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic and or diastolic blood pressure ≥140 and or ≥90 in one or both previous and current readings during clinic visits. Quantitative data including socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of study subjects were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected using guides and checklists. Data were analysed descriptively and inferentially using Pearson’s chi-square statistics, Fishers exact tests and regression modelling to determine associations between independent variables and uncontrolled hypertension using STATA 14. Qualitative data were organized thematically using NVIVO.Results: 48% of the study participants had uncontrolled hypertension at the time of the study.  Univariable analyses returned level of education (p=0.017), source of financing for hypertensive drugs (p=0.011), BMI (p=0.005) as significant factors.Conclusions: The study recommends community health promotion activities to increase awareness of how to modify these significant factors to reduce hypertension.
Clinical trials on healthy volunteers in Mumbai and Ahmedabad: expanding the framework of expropriation
Authors: Wadkar Navneet A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Healthy volunteers (HVs) in phase I clinical trials in India are often motivated by financial compensation. Historical expropriation and every day struggle for life of HVs which contributes to normalization of the risk are often ignored as contributing factors to normalization of risk. Therefore this research was aimed to study expropriation experiences of the HVs.Methods: This research has employed qualitative and exploratory research design. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit nine HVs from two cities Mumbai and Ahmedabad.Results: All of the HVs and their family members were alienated from land and livelihood in their villages through different social, economic, political and cultural processes. The financial compensation was a primary motivation and not altruism. The compensation amount was spent to pay debts, medical and other emergencies, consumer goods and alcohol. To maximize their earnings, HVs have participated in consecutive and/or more than one trial simultaneously.Conclusions: The serial participation of the HVs in phase I trials has exposed them to serious risks which they are unable to recognize unless severe adverse events (SAE) occurred. The existing scholarship suggests that the perceived risk by healthy volunteers normalized through attractive financial incentives and serial participation. But findings of this research indicate that state induced violence, caste, class, gender based violence and everyday struggle of survival are also major contributing factors.
Impact of family DOTS on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors in tribal and hard to reach areas in the state of Chhattisgarh: an implementation research
Authors: Kerketta Fidius , Sinha Ashish , Tripathi Narayan , Borkar Arti , Gupta Shashank , Nahak Anupam
Published: May 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide healthcare problem and it is one of the major public health concerns in India including Chhattisgarh state. National tuberculosis elimination program (NTEP) has adopted direct observed treatment (DOTS) strategy for elimination of TB. Due to inaccessibility and difficult to reach areas in the tribal areas, monitoring of treatment adherence and treatment completion remains a challenge leading to poor treatment outcomes among TB cases. This implementation research was aimed to assess the impact of family DOTS on the TB treatment outcomes in a tribal district of Chhattisgarh.Methods: A prospective cohort study of all new smear positive sputum, new smear negative sputum and extra-pulmonary TB patients who were newly diagnosed and registered for treatment under the revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) in hard to reach district was implemented between November 2016 to January 2018. They were followed till the completion of the treatment.Results: Total 305 tuberculosis new patients (218 intervention and 87 in comparison blocks) were registered for treatment at health facilities in study area. The treatment success rate in the comparison group was better (72.41%) compared to the intervention group (68.35%). Similar results have been observed in terms of non-adherence to treatment and death rate. Sputum conversion rate was observed to have 94% in intervention group in comparison to 95% comparison group.Conclusions: Family DOTS may not be effective unless there is involvement from the RNTCP by regular monitoring and follow up.
Swach Bharat Abhiyan: insights from students of a central university
Authors: Shamshad Tazeen , Shah Mohammad S. , Khalique Najam , Ansari Mohammad A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Sanitation has been identified as one of the important determinants of the health and hygiene since ages. Sanitation and hygiene are critical to health, survival and development. Hygiene causes a global health challenge especially in the developing world. Considering the importance of hygiene, a cleanliness drive has been started in India i.e., Swach Bharat Abhiyan (SBA). The study was conducted to assess knowledge, perception and practices regarding SBA and to know the perception between medical and non-medical students towards clean India.Method: A cross sectional study done for a period of 5 months. A self-explanatory semi-structured questionnaire were used in this study with close ended questions. Sample size was taken as 416.Results: 98.1% of students were aware of SBA. Only 20.9% were agreed over building infrastructure like public toilets etc. which can help to achieve clean India while all others were disagreed. 65.1% people said that there is no decrease of vector borne disease while 34.9% people said it is. The perception regarding disposal of solid waste is mainly in the community bins by the students.Conclusions: The current study reflects that majority of the population were aware of SBA and its objective and the amount spent in SBA and the students of central university had shown positive attitudes and perception towards it to make India clean. SBA could have been much more impactful if it was clubbed with issuance of certain ordinance
Immobilization and evacuation of accident victims by first responders in Delhi, India: a survey
Authors: Joseph Teena Elsa , Sharawat Rajesh , Phadke Vandana , Acharya Smita Chakraboraty , Sachdev Gaurav , Chhabra Harvinder Singh
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite many improvements, pre-hospital care is known to be inconsistent and inefficient across India. This contributes to high mortality and morbidity of accident and medical emergency victims. Pre-hospital care may be provided by bystanders, but they are known to hesitate due to multiple reasons. The first aiders (ambulance staff or police personnel) who are responsible for providing appropriate initial care are not adequately trained to manage all aspects of emergency situations including extrication, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, management of bleeding, and protection of the spine evacuation and transfer. The current study was conducted to gauge the knowledge of first aid among bystanders and first aiders in Delhi national capital region.Methods: Two separate surveys with closed-ended questions were formulated for the bystanders and first aiders in english and hindi.  A sample of 511 bystanders and 309 first aiders (108 ambulance and 201 police personnel) completed the survey between February 2019 and April 2019. Data was analysed descriptively. Comparison were made across demographic variables for the bystanders. For first aiders, comparisons were made between ambulance staff and police personnel, and between emergency medical technicians and drivers.Results: The average total scores for the bystanders were 38.5±14.2%. Slight differences across age and educational qualifications were found. The average total score for the first aiders was 34.3±12.3%. Ambulance personnel scored significantly better than police personnel in evacuation (70.3±26.6% versus 42.6±26.5%) and CPR subdomains (37.6±19.4% versus 21.9±14.7%). The emergency medical technicians scored better than the driver in their total and first aid subdomain scores.Conclusions: The knowledge amongst first responders including bystanders and first aiders was low and efforts to educate and train them would improve the much-needed quality of pre-hospital care.
A study of prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors in pregnant women of tribal community attending antenatal clinic at Trivandrum district, Kerala, India
Authors: Ponny M. S. , Nandini V. R. , Nirmala C. , Mayadevi Brahmanandan
Published: May 2021

Background: Anemia is a major preventable public health concern among the pregnant women worldwide. The present study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia among tribal pregnant women at Trivandrum district, Kerala and identifying its socioeconomic and gynaecological risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among tribal women attending antenatal clinics of Vithura and Kuttichal Government hospitals at Kerala, India. Sample size was calculated as 117. All consecutive subjects fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the study until the sample size was achieved. Patients were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire which includes socio demographic, cultural and nutritional factors. Hemoglobin measurement was done while first antenatal visit using semi auto hemo-analyzer. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical test used was either Chi-square test or student t-test.Results: The prevalence of anemia among the tribal pregnant women attending primary health care in Trivandrum during the study tenure was 53.33%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was observed as 26.66%, 25% and 1.66% respectively. The mean serum haemoglobin level among the study group was found to be 10.64 gm%. The major risk factors associated with anemia were figured out to be low body mass index, low family income, high parity, joint family, exposure to passive smoking and pan chewing, irregular intake of iron and folic acid supplements, hyperemesis and absence of deworming.Conclusions: Focus shall be given on creating awareness among tribal women regarding the need for dietary and lifestyle modification to decrease the prevalence of anemia among them.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding prevention of dengue in an urban area of Central India
Authors: Khobragade Ashish Wasudeo , Meshram Tarachand Tukaram
Published: May 2021

Background: Dengue is vector borne disease transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Basic vector biology and its knowledge regarding prevention among people are important for the control of dengue outbreak.Methods: 400 houses were selected from dengue outbreak area. Each house was visited and breeding sites were searched and eliminated simultaneously. Face to face interview was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices among people regarding prevention of dengue.Results: 25% of the study participants were not using personal protection to prevent against mosquito bite.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding dengue prevention was average among study participants although they had good attitudes and satisfactory practices.
Inter-American Development Bank Eleventh Annual Report 1970
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Eleventh Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1970.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1978
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1978.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PRÓPOLIS VERDE PRODUZIDA NO SUDOESTE PAULISTA E COMPARAÇÃO COM AS PRÓPOLIS VERMELHA E VERDE DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO.
Authors: Lóren de Souza Larissa , De Jesus Pimentel Filho Natan , Camargo Barros de Silveira Mello Beatriz
Published: May 2021

A própolis é produzida por abelhas a partir de resinas de plantas adicionadas de suas secreções salivares, cera e pólen. No Brasil, as variedades encontradas (verde, marrom, vermelha) são classificadas em 13 grupos de acordo com a caracterização química. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a caracterização química da própolis verde do Sudoeste Paulista, produzir extratos e caracterizá-los quanto a concentração de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Ademais, comparar as propriedades da própolis verde do Sudoeste Paulista com as própolis verde e vermelha do Nordeste brasileiro, regiões com forte potencial apícola, mas com baixa produção de própolis. Realizou-se extração alcoólica, com variação de tempo, concentração de solvente e temperatura para produção dos extratos. A atividade antimicrobiana sobre Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus foi determinada para os extratos com maior concentração de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides. O parâmetro resíduo insolúvel em metanol foi o único que ultrapassou os limites estabelecidos pela legislação. A melhor combinação para obter extratos com alta concentração de flavonoides para a própolis verde do Sudoeste Paulista é de 40°C utilizando-se álcool a 70%, por 7 dias. Todas as própolis apresentaram alta concentração de compostos fenólicos e a atividade sequestrante de DPPH das amostras variaram de 89,28% a 96,00%. Extratos com maiores concentrações de flavonoides apresentaram potencial ação antimicrobiana sobre E. coli e S. aureus. De modo geral, considerando as características avaliadas a própolis verde do Sudoeste Paulista apresentou-se superior as própolis verde e vermelha provenientes do Nordeste brasileiro.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E ANTIOXIDANTES DE MÉIS COMERCIAIS PRODUZIDOS NA REGIÃO DE LONDRINA
Authors: De Morais PINHEIRO Gabriela , Barrionuevo Ressutte Jéssica , Norika Yassunaka HATA Natália , Da SILVA José Renato , SPINOSA Wilma Aparecida
Published: May 2021

O mel é um composto rico em compostos com atividade bioativa, no entanto, nos últimos anos, esse produto tem sido alvo de adulterações. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de quatro méis comerciais produzidos na região de Londrina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram umidade, pH, acidez total, cinzas, condutividade elétrica, açúcares redutores, reação de Lund, hidroximetilfurfural, atividade diastásica, cor e capacidade antioxidante e redutora. Os resultados mostraram que todas as amostras se encontraram dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação Brasileira, com exceção da análise de açúcares redutores, em que duas amostras apresentaram valores inferiores ao padrão estabelecidos pela legislação. Todas as amostras apresentaram capacidade antioxidante e redutora, sendo essas superiores para as amostras com maiores índices de açúcares redutores. Desse modo, conclui-se que pesquisas que verifiquem a qualidade dos méis comerciais são necessárias, de modo a se assegurar a qualidade do produto no mercado e evitar fraudes.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química de hambúrguer misto de peru e frango
Authors: Soares Natália Reis , Alves Isadora Sousa , Santos Vinícius Ferreira , Borges Ângela da Silva , Constant Patrícia Beltrão Lessa
Published: May 2021

Com baixo consumo no Brasil, a carne de peru têm se destacado nutricionalmente como um produto de alta qualidade, com maior teor proteico quando comparada as carnes bovina e suína. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar a composição centesimal e as características físicas de hambúrgueres mistos, elaborados com carne de peru e frango, buscando ampliar o consumo da carne de peru. Foram elaboradas duas formulações do hambúrguer misto (F1 e F2), sendo F1 com 20% de carne de peru e F2 com 60% de carne de peru. Foram avaliadas a composição centesimal, pH, CRA, perdas por cocção, encolhimento, parâmetros colorimétricos e o perfil de textura dos produtos. O teor de lipídeos e de proteínas diferiu significativamente (p<0,05) entre as formulações F1 e F2. O Hambúrguer com a maior porcentagem de frango (F1) em sua formulação apresentou o menor teor de lipídeos em sua composição 6,54%, podendo ser explicado pelo corte (peito de frango) empregado no processamento, quando comparado a formulação F2 que continha maior concentração de carne de peru, no qual foi utilizado a carne do animal como um todo e não somente um corte específico. F1 reportou também o maior encolhimento, estando diretamente relacionado à menor CRA apresentada pelo produto. Não houve diferenças entre a coloração e o perfil de textura das amostras. Portanto, a carne de peru pode ser empregada na fabricação de hambúrgueres sem comprometer a composição e os parâmetros tecnológicos desse produto.
Uso de resíduos agroindustriais para a produção de compostos fenólicos por fermentação em estado sólido
Authors: Oliveira Schmatz Lívia , Masson Parcianello Adriana , Arnhold Pagnussatt Fernanda
Published: May 2021

Resíduos agroindustriais são fontes de carbono e nitrogênio e atuam como suporte para o crescimento fúngico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar resíduos agroindustriais no aumento da produção de compostos fenólicos, através de fermentação em estado sólido. Os substratos utilizados foram farelo de arroz, resíduo de chá verde e erva-mate, em diferentes proporções. O microrganismo usado foi o Rhizopus oryzae CCT 7560 e o bioprocesso ocorreu em reatores do tipo bandeja, durante 7 dias. Após esse período, a biomassa foi congelada e os compostos fenólicos totais extraídos.  A proporção de substrato mais indicada para ocasionar um aumento da produção de compostos fenólicos foi a 5:5 (farelo de arroz: chá verde), obtendo-se nessas condições, um teor de 22,4 mg.g-1de compostos fenólicos. Dessa forma, a fermentação em estado sólido proporcionou um incremento de 1,5 vezes no teor de compostos fenólicos, quando comparado com o controle, cujo valor inicial encontrado foi de 14,92 mg.g-1.
Estudo da hidrólise da lactose em leites com diferentes teores de gordura utilizando enzima livre e imobilizada
Authors: Knakiewicz Leticia , Becker Alexandra , Gazoni Isadora , Sehn Georgia , Rigo Elisandra
Published: May 2021

A hidrólise da lactose é um processo amplamente utilizado na indústria alimentícia, tem objetivo de disponibilizar produtos zero lactose, pela presença de monossacarídeos (glicose e galactose) decorrente deste processo tecnológico. A enzima β-galactosidase, mais conhecida como lactase é responsável pela hidrólise de produtos lácteos, em sua maioria utilizada de forma livre, o que necessita por parte da empresa um valor envolvido na elaboração destes produtos. Visando atender o índice ascendente de portadores de intolerância à lactose, estimado em cerca de 70% da população adulta no mundo que manifesta alguma deficiência de lactase no organismo, além da busca por alimentos funcionais, tecnologias aliadas ao uso de enzimas e técnicas de imobilização são estudas para aprimorar a economia e a eficiência dos processos biotecnológicos. O estudo buscou avaliar a utilização da β-galactosidase para hidrólise de leites de diferentes espécies.

A hidrólise da lactose dos diferentes leites utilizando a EL não apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05). Já a EI, o LBI e LBD apresentaram diferença, porém o LBI utilizando a EI necessitou maior tempo de hidrólise (43 h), possivelmente por ter maior teor de gordura em relação ao LBD. Os LOI e LOD não apresentaram diferença utilizando a EI, possivelmente devido este leite apresentar a gordura de forma mais dispersa no meio e com tamanhos menores dos glóbulos de gordura não interferindo no processo de hidrólise da lactose. Foi evidenciando que o teor de gordura tem influência sobre o tempo de hidrólise, visto que o LS ao menor tempo de hidrólise para a EI.
The effect of miR-496 on eIF3h in lung invasive adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ji-Chun
Published: May 2021

This study explores the correlation between microRNA-496 (miR-496) expression and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3H (eIF3h) expression in lung invasive adenocarcinoma. A total of 71 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were included in the study. The tumor tissue samples were collected together with the normal lung tissue samples that were acquired more than 2 cm away from the edge of the tumor). Expression of miR-496 was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expression of Ki67 and Bcl-2 in lung adenocarcinoma was detected with Western blotting, and expression of eIF3hwas detected with immunohistochemistry. Expression of miR-496 was significantly lower in the tumor than in normal lung tissue (P<0.05). miR-496 expression was significantly decreased in the tumor samples from the patients with large tumor maximum diameter, pleural recidivism, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage III + IV, compared to the samples from the patients with small tumor diameter, no pleural recidivism, no lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage I + II (P<0.05). No significant difference in miR-496 expression was identified among the groups of different sex, age, and tumor differentiation degree (P>0.05). Low expression of miR-496 correlated with a shorter survival time of the patients (P<0.05). Moreover, miR-496 expression was negatively correlated with Ki67, Bcl-2 and eIF3h expression. We speculate that and miR-496 has the potential to regulates eIF3h expression, and low expression of miR-496 in lung adenocarcinoma may be related to the occurrence and development of the tumor. Mir-496 may be an independent prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma.
Overexpression of miR-874-3p alleviates LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar epithelial cell by targeting EGR3/NF-κB
Authors: Yang Huirun , Dong Yang , Zhou Yan , Li Huajun
Published: May 2021

Objective: MicroRNA (miRNA) is implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of pneumonia. Role of miR-874-3p in pediatric pneumonia was therefore evaluated in this study. Methods: Expression levels of miR-874-3p in the serum samples from pediatric patients with pneumonia and LPS-treated HPAEpiC were determined by RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR). Secretion of inflammatory factors in LPS-treated HPAEpiC were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK8 and flow cytometry, respectively. HPAEpiC was used for the validation of binding target of miR-874-3p. Mechanism was determined by NF-κB promoter activity assay. Results: MiR-874-3p was reduced in serum samples of pediatric patients with pneumonia, and LPS treatment dose-dependently decreased miR-874-3p expression in HPAEpiC. TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels were increased in HPAEpiC post LPS treatment. Over-expression of miR-874-3p attenuated LPS-induced increase of TNF-α and IL-1β and reversed LPS-induced decrease of cell viability and increase of cell apoptosis in HPAEpiC. EGR3 (early growth response 3), increased in LPS-induced HPAEpiC, was a target gene of miR-874-3p. EGR3 over-expression reversed miR-874-3p over-expression-induced increase of cell viability, decrease of cell apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-induced HPAEpiC. Over-expression of miR-874-3p reduced p65 expression and NF-κB promoter activity in LPS-induced HPAEpiC, while EGR3 over-expression reversed these suppressive effects. Conclusion: MiR-874-3p negatively regulates EGR3 expression to promote cell viability and inhibit apoptosis as well as inflammation in LPS-treated HPAEpiC via suppression of NF-κB pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for pneumonia.
Diversidad cultural en la utilización del paisaje: una interpretación geoarqueológica para la construcción de montículos artificiales entre los grupos karanki-kayampi de la sierra norte del Ecuador
Authors: López Soria Gabriela , Serrano Ayala Sthefano
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo propone una lectura sobre las dinámicas de interacción entre las sociedades precolombinas y el paisaje natural. Como caso específico se analizará los montículos artificiales (tolas: hemisféricas, ovoides y pirámides truncas con o sin rampa), atribuidos al grupo cultural karanki-kayampi, quienes habitaron la actuales provincias de Imbabura y norte de Pichincha, en los Andes Septentrionales del Ecuador, durante el denominado Período de Integración (1500-500 AP). A pesar de que estas estructuras monumentales están asociadas a un mismo grupo cultural, las técnicas de construcción difieren debido a una diversidad en la selección del paisaje y en el aprovechamiento de las características geomorfológicas del mismo. A través del análisis de perfiles estratigráficos y usando sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), los autores determinaron que la construcción de tolas en la localidad de La Merced de Cobuendo, zona norcentral de la provincia de Imbabura, se logró mediante la modificación de montículos naturales (hummocks).
Verde epidota: pintando el pasado en Cerro de Oro, valle de Cañete, Perú. Un análisis químico y mineralógico del pigmento cerámico verde amarillento
Authors: González-Gómez de Agüero Adrián , Fernandini Parodi Francesca , Ortega-San-Martín Luis , Gonzales Gil Patricia
Published: May 2021

El siguiente estudio propone identificar uno de los pigmentos más característicos del valle de Cañete durante el período Horizonte Medio, específicamente, el color verde amarillento observado en el repertorio cerámico de Cerro de Oro. Definir el origen y utilización de este pigmento facilita el entendimiento de la obtención de materia prima y cadena operativa en la elaboración de una de las cerámicas que definen a este desarrollo regional. Para este análisis se han utilizado como muestras, cerámicas con pigmento verdoso y muestras de rocas con restos de un mineral verdoso, halladas ambas en el sitio arqueológico de Cerro de Oro. Para definir la composición química y mineralógica, se han llevado a cabo análisis de FRX, Raman y DRX. A partir de estos análisis, se ha podido determinar que el mineral encontrado es epidota y su comportamiento a altas temperaturas parece indicar que este mineral podría estar relacionado con el pigmento encontrado en las cerámicas del sitio.
A Simple Test of Spatial Autocorrelation for Centered Variables
Authors: Mur Jesús
Published: May 2021

We present a simple test of spatial autocorrelation based on the skedastic structure of the spatial series. Its distribution function is known for all sample sizes. Moreover, it is very simple to obtain, specially in a case of small samples where the new GQsp test has great power, higher than other alternatives existing in the literature.
http://ejes.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2.SCIENCE-EDUCATION-FOR-GIFTED-STUDENTS-OPINIONS-OF-STDENTS-PARENTS-AND-TEACHERS.pdf
Authors: Onal Nagihan Tanik , Buyuk Ugur
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to examine the opinions of gifted children, their parents, and science teachers working at the Science and Art Centre (BILSEM) regarding science education for the gifted. The present study participants, which was conducted by utilizing the phenomenology design using one of the qualitative research methods, were ten talented students, seven parents, and two science teachers working at BILSEM. The study's data were collected using semi-structured interviews held with the participants. The collected data were analyzed by adopting the data analysis process proposed by Moustakas (1994) for phenomenological studies. The study revealed that gifted students possess a mental perception of sciences in the form of life, experience, and scientific knowledge. Talented learners want to learn science by employing experiments, projects, excursions, and observations. Based on these findings, it is recommended that gifted students should be provided with an enjoyable science learning environment to make them active, have fun while learning, perform experiments, and develop projects.
Intrants biologiques et politiques agricoles en Amérique du Sud : entre ruptures et continuités
Authors: Goulet Frédéric
Published: May 2021

En Amérique du Sud, les politiques publiques s’intéressent de près aux technologies alternatives aux intrants chimiques agricoles (pesticides et engrais). Certains pays sud-américains soutiennent les intrants biologiques, dits aussi biointrants, avec des programmes nationaux incitatifs et la transformation des réglementations. L’Argentine, le Brésil et la Colombie occupent un rôle pilote. Cette promotion des biointrants n’est néanmoins pas pensée dans une optique de rupture avec les modèles industriels de production agricole, dont les États tirent une grande partie de leurs recettes fiscales grâce aux exportations. Ils cherchent plutôt à aménager une coexistence entre intrants chimiques et biologiques dans le cadre d’une transition tournée vers la bioéconomie. La promotion des biointrants rencontre en ce sens les attentes de nombreux agriculteurs sud-américains et celles de l’industrie des intrants agricoles, qui se diversifie depuis une dizaine d’années dans ces technologies. Cette dynamique industrielle vient en partie se heurter à des mouvements d’agriculteurs défendant la production à la ferme des intrants biologiques.
Crise no tempo acelerado e o mundo em descompasso: apresentação da seção especial sobre a Covid-19 / Crisis at an accelerated age and the world out of step: presentation of the special section on Covid-19
Authors: Rasia José Miguel
Published: May 2021

Os quatro artigos que compõem esta Seção Especial da RBS sobre a Pandemia de Covid-19 compreendem a discussão sobre a escala da doença, a política cientifica e tecnológica, o uso da cloroquina e suas injunções políticas e as condições exigidas para o final de uma pandemia. Na busca pela articulação entre os artigos, esta apresentação aborda as questões relacionadas ao tempo acelerado em que ela ocorre e as medidas de isolamento e distância social num mundo também acelerado.Palavras-chave:  pandemia, tempo, aceleração, crise.***This Special Section of RBS about the Covid-19 Pandemic comprises four articles that discuss the scale of the disease, the scientific and technological policy surrounding it, the use of chloroquine and its political injunctions, as well as the conditions required for the end of a pandemic. Seeking an articulation between the articles, this presentation reflects on the issues related to the accelerated time in which the pandemic occurs and the measures of isolation and social distance in a world that is also accelerated.Keywords: pandemic, time, acceleration, crisis.
Letramento em línguas indígenas na retomada de saberes ancestrais
Authors: Pimentel da Silva Maria do Socorro
Published: May 2021

Neste estudo, buscarei discutir o impacto e a funcionalidade do letramento em línguas indígenas na retomada de saberes ancestrais. Para isso, coloco em pauta alguns desafios que se apresentam à prática social de letramento em línguas indígenas: (1) ela pode contribuir com a movimentação do seu uso oral? (2) Pode contribuir com a retomada de saberes ancestrais? (3) Pode combater a extinção das línguas indígenas? E (4) qual é o papel da educação escolar na valorização das línguas indígenas? De acordo com a UNESCO (2003, p. 2), “a extinção de uma língua significa a perda irrecuperável de saberes únicos, culturais, históricos e ecológicos”. Hinton (2001), em seus estudos, lembra que há no mundo atualmente cerca de 250 nações, em que são faladas em torno de 6.000 línguas. Observa-se a desproporção entre o número de países e o de línguas. Isso revela que apenas uma minoria das línguas do mundo pode ser caracterizada como língua de governo, de comércio, de educação, de conhecimento ou de comunicação mais ampla. A globalização dos valores econômicos, sociais e culturais, impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, acaba por impor suas línguas em detrimento daquelas consideradas minoritárias. Em decorrência dessa realidade e da ameaça de extinção das línguas indígenas brasileiras, tenho buscado construir bases epistêmicas coteóricas de indicação de paradigmas inovadores no campo da educação intercultural crítica e problematizadora.
New Approaches to Financing Infrastructure in Great Britain
Authors: Varnavskii V.
Published: May 2021

The author analyzes the current management and financing system reforming of the state-owned infrastructure or infrastructure under the state control in Great Britain. The article gives an assessment of current state of infrastructure in the country. The reasons for termination of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) are also revealed. The author is trying to prove that Public Private Partnership remains a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development.
Lobbyism of Islamic Countries in the USA
Authors: Kostyaev S.
Published: May 2021

Mass disturbances that took place in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011 offer an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of lobbyism in countries of this region as a tool to provide the American assistance in a volatile environment. Almost all these countries in a varying degree tried to gather support from the USA to preserve the legitimacy of their regimes in the international field. The author investigates the factors influencing the performance of lobbying technologies, evaluates the effectiveness of Muslim countries' attempts to protect their interests in Washington.
A INFLUÊNCIA SOCIOECONÔMICA DA CIDADE DE TOCANTINÓPOLIS-TO SOBRE OS MUNICÍPIOS CIRCUNVIZINHOS
Authors: Britto Saimon Lima de , Pereira Aires José
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa tem por natureza a análise científica dos fenômenos urbanos e socioeconômicos na cidade de Tocantinópolis – TO, localizada na região do Bico do Papagaio no extremo norte do Estado do Tocantins, região amazônica. Tem o objetivo de compreender a sua influência socioeconômica sobre os municípios circunvizinhos, buscando identificar quais deles dependem direta e/ou indiretamente socioeconomicamente da referida cidade. A pesquisa visa suprir a necessidade de estudos e materiais bibliográficos sobre as questões socioeconômicas e territoriais que se encontram na região do Bico do Papagaio, extremo norte do Estado do Tocantins. Os poucos trabalhos desenvolvidos e publicados sobre a temática ainda são insatisfatórios perante a gama de problemas socioeconômicos e socioterritoriais da referida região.
FELICIDADE
Authors: Nascimento Claudinei
Published: May 2021

Analisando a construção do pensamento filosófico é possível observar que as discussões acerca do tema felicidade têm sido recorrentes e, mesmo que este tenha sido objeto de acareação por diversos filósofos, em diferentes contextos históricos, socioculturais e econômicos, o tema felicidade é uma questão axiomática no século XXI. A presente síntese tem como objetivo fundamentar o debate qualificado sobre a felicidade dentro da perspectiva filosófica, discorrendo sobre a origem e conceituação da filosofia e noções sobre a felicidade. Ao analisar os estudos acerca da felicidade, observa-se que questões correlatadas têm sido utilizadas para aferir o nível de felicidade da população mundial e que questões subjetivas, relacionadas à individualidade do ser têm sido desconsideradas. Nesse sentido considera-se válida a retomada do exercício filosófico proposto por Sócrates que tem no autoconhecimento as condições primordiais para conhecer o espírito humano e sua capacidade para conhecer a verdade. Assim, recomenda-se que o exercício investigativo sobre a felicidade seja acompanhado de uma abordagem filosófica, embasada em um método que considere questões relativas à subjetividade dos indivíduos e a sua percepção sobre o que seja de fato a felicidade e os fatores associados ao ser feliz.