bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Method Analysis for Differential Case on Vehicles Based on ANSYS Software
Authors: Wang Yanbo
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development of the automotive industry and the rising level of the country’s economy, there are increasing demands for vehicles’ safety, economy, comfort, and durability. Therefore, it is important to take vehicles’ mass reduction and product life into consideration. Among the most popular factors: lightweight design, structural optimization, and analysis based on software are important and become growing mature in studies and research. Most scholars have focused their research on the vehicle drive system, with very few specializing in the structure and performance of the differential component. This paper will focus on and unify structural design, lightweight design of a differential case, Ansys finite element method (FEM) analysis of stress, fatigue, and distortion, and optimization to obtain a safe structure with less mass. Initially, construct a geometrical model of the differential case using 3D modelling via SolidWorks software. In addition, mechanical performance analysis of the differential case under three operating occasions is conducted based on Ansys software. Meanwhile, exploring the material selection and shape design methods. Ultimately, the results are justified, and gaining aluminium has longer life. QT450-10 ductile iron has better safety factors, strength, and stiffness. Lightweight design and analysis are realized supporting further research.
Research on the Application of Object Detection in the Installation of Spacer Bars
Authors: Zhu Yunxiang , Wang Fa , Chen Qianxi , Li Ling
Published: July 2022

The correct installation of spacer bars is an important part of ensuring people’s daily life. This paper studies and implements a spacer bar installation confirmation system based on a deep learning object detection algorithm, which makes up for the deficiencies in the installation. Among the object detection algorithms, Faster-RCNN has higher detection accuracy, is more accurate than one-stage and can detect multi-scale and small objects. Through historical use, it is found that Faster-RCNN is excellent in detecting multi-class image sets tasks. For personal data sets, only fine-tuning is needed to achieve better results, and it also has a fast detection rate. Therefore, this paper is based on the Faster-RCNN algorithm to realize the detection and confirmation of the plug and rubber during the installation of the spacer bar.
Unordered Image Stitching Based on the Registration Index Table
Authors: Si Zhichao
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problem of large amount of calculation and time-consuming in the process of unordered image stitching, we propose an image stitching algorithm based on the image registration index table in this paper. Firstly, we construct the matching index sequence based on the similarity of the matching area. Then we search for image matching pairs according to the matching index sequence, carry out image registration and stitch directly, and generate the registration index table. For image stitching, we build a binary tree model assisted by the image registration index table, we need to search for matching pairs and carry out registration and stitching according to the registration index table generated by each layer. Compare to the current research on disordered image stitching, our method significantly reduces the times of feature extraction and matching by at least half, therefore, it greatly improves the efficiency of image stitching.
Study on projectile number of anti-aircraft gun based on future airspace window
Authors: Qiu Lei , Hao Dawei
Published: July 2022

The future airspace window can improve the overall damage capability of the anti-aircraft gun by configuring the weapon’s aiming point to form a regional kill surface. In the general process of airspace window shooting in the future, solving the number of projectiles in the area is an important step, and studying the optimal projectiles can effectively improve the firing efficiency of weapons. By analyzing the deficiency of determining projectile number based on firing distance, a method of projectile number solving based on firing probability density is proposed, and the feasibility of this method is verified by simulation, which provides a new reference for future shooting application of airspace window.
Prediction and Simulation of cold rolled strip thickness based on PSO-SVM-AdaBoost
Authors: Liu Chen , Li Xisheng , You Jia
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the quality of cold-rolled strip production products, this paper focuses on the problem of thickness prediction accuracy in the production process of cold-rolled strip steel. The rolling data is obtained from the simulation model of the MATLAB. Firstly, this paper comprehensively considers the main influencing factors affecting the cold rolling thickness, secondly, analyses the thickness related parameter variables and combines with the actual production environment, finally a cold rolling thickness prediction model based on PSO-SVM-AdaBoost is proposed. The model is based on the SVM model. The particle swarm algorithm(PSO) optimizes the penalty parameters and kernel parameters of the SVM model. The AdaBoost algorithm integrates weak predictors into strong predictors to improve the prediction performance of the algorithm. In order to illustrate the prediction effect of the model, compared with the prediction results of BP neural network, SVM, PSO-SVM and other models, the experimental results show that the PSO-SVM-AdaBoost model has better prediction performance.
Research Status and Development Trend of Image Restoration Technology
Authors: Yu Lin , Guo Junbin , Yu Chuanqiang
Published: July 2022

Defocus of the imaging system, relative motion between the equipment and the object or inherent defects of the equipment will lead to the degradation of image quality. Usually, image restoration is required before image processing, and the results of restoration technology affect the effect of image processing. In order to study the effect of image restoration technology, the image restoration technology was systematically sorted out. According to the different restoration models, the image restoration technology is divided into the method based on regularization and the method based on Kalman filter, and the two methods are summarized and explained respectively. By analyzing the restoration models established by the two methods and their solving process, it is found that the method based on regularization has advantages in retaining image information, and the method based on Kalman filter has advantages in terms of speed. The development trend of image restoration technology is analyzed from the summary of the two restoration methods, and suggestions and thoughts are put forward for the development of image restoration technology. In the future, image restoration technology should make use of deep learning algorithm, combined with the actual environment and industry characteristics, to achieve intelligent, practical and domain.
A New Method of Extracting RGB V-I Trajectory for Non-intrusive Load Monitoring
Authors: Liu Rui , Sun Mingyang , Zheng Zhe , Cui Wenpeng , Gong Xiangfeng , Yang Bokuan , Qi Bing
Published: July 2022

Existing methods of extracting V-I trajectory in RGB space used as load signatures for non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) are complex and not suitable for edge computed devices. To solve this problem, we propose a new method to obtain the RGB V-I trajectory. The new method is simple and efficient by using the time derivatives of instantaneous reactive current and voltage to map the grayscale V-I trajectory to RGB space. Then, a lightweight CNN model, ShuffleNetV2, is selected to carry out a transfer learning study for NILM problem. Using RGB V-I trajectory obtained by using the method in this paper as load signature achieves a 5.1% improvement in F1-score than using grayscale V-I trajectory. A V-I trajectory of larger resolution avails the improvement of transfer learning performance, and the model trained on RGB V-I trajectory seems to be less affected by input resolutions for a smaller variance in F1-score among various input resolutions.
Research on High Resolution Image Processing System Based on FPGA Technology
Authors: Xiao BoXue
Published: July 2022

A This paper is the focus of the dissertation and focuses on some commonly used image filtering algorithms. The commonly used image filters are median filter, Gaussian filter and edge detection algorithm. In this chapter, the FPGA implementation of grayscale processing module is studied first, then median filtering and Gaussian filtering are studied, and a fast median filtering algorithm and displacement-optimized Gaussian filtering algorithm are proposed, and the feasibility of the algorithms is demonstrated by simulation experiments. Then the edge detection algorithm is studied and the FPGA method to implement each algorithm is designed, in which an improved algorithm is proposed for Laplace algorithm to improve the detection accuracy, and finally the Sobel operator is also shifted optimized to save the hardware resources of the system.
The use of bilinear interpolation filter to remove image noise
Authors: Wang Nan
Published: July 2022

The bilinear interpolation filter method is introduced to reduce the image noise in this work that contains the following three procedures. Firstly, the algorithm principle of bilinear interpolation filter is analyzed. On this basis, a case study is investigated to validate the effectiveness of bilinear interpolation filter. The signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, is finally applied for the image quality evaluation. Form the above procedures we find that the SNR to the image after processed by bilinear interpolation filter method is larger than that to the original image, which illustrates that the bilinear interpolation filter is an effective method to remove image noise.
A simple macro-scale artificial lateral line sensor for the detection of shed vortices
Authors: Scott Elliott , Hauert Sabine
Published: July 2022

Underwater robot sensing is challenging due to the complex and noisy nature of the environment. The lateral line system in fish allows them to robustly sense their surroundings, even in turbid and turbulent environments, allowing them to perform tasks such as shoaling or foraging. Taking inspiration from the lateral line system in fish to design robot sensors could help to power underwater robots in inspection, exploration, or environmental monitoring tasks. Previous studies have designed systems that mimic both the design and the configuration of the lateral line and neuromasts, but at high cost or using complex procedures. Here, we present a simple, low cost, bio-inspired sensor, that can detect passing vortices shed from surrounding obstacles or upstream fish or robots. We demonstrate the importance of the design elements used, and show a minimum 20% reduction in residual error over sensors lacking these elements. Results were validated in reality using a prototype of the artificial lateral line sensor. These results mark an important step in providing alternate methods of control in underwater vehicles that are simultaneously inexpensive and simple to manufacture.
A deep learning based classification of atmospheric circulation types over Europe: projection of future changes in a CMIP6 large ensemble
Authors: Mittermeier M , Weigert M , Rügamer D , Küchenhoff H , Ludwig R
Published: July 2022

High- and low pressure systems of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes drive European weather and climate. Potential future changes in the occurrence of circulation types are highly relevant for society. Classifying the highly dynamic atmospheric circulation into discrete classes of circulation types helps to categorize the linkages between atmospheric forcing and surface conditions (e.g. extreme events). Previous studies have revealed a high internal variability of projected changes of circulation types. Dealing with this high internal variability requires the employment of a single-model initial-condition large ensemble (SMILE) and an automated classification method, which can be applied to large climate data sets. One of the most established classifications in Europe are the 29 subjective circulation types called Grosswetterlagen by Hess & Brezowsky (HB circulation types). We developed, in the first analysis of its kind, an automated version of this subjective classification using deep learning. Our classifier reaches an overall accuracy of 41.1% on the test sets of nested cross-validation. It outperforms the state-of-the-art automatization of the HB circulation types in 20 of the 29 classes. We apply the deep learning classifier to the SMHI-LENS, a SMILE of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, composed of 50 members of the EC-Earth3 model under the SSP37.0 scenario. For the analysis of future frequency changes of the 29 circulation types, we use the signal-to-noise ratio to discriminate the climate change signal from the noise of internal variability. Using a 5%-significance level, we find significant frequency changes in 69% of the circulation types when comparing the future (2071–2100) to a reference period (1991–2020).
A cascading reaction by hydrological spatial dynamics alternation may be neglected
Authors: Hao Ying-Ying , Zhao Bin , Wu Wan-Ben , Zheng Jun-Yi
Published: July 2022

Water regime changes play a critical role in the structure and function of watershed ecosystems. However, most previous studies focused only on static fixed-point quantitative change at a given time, ignoring the hydrological spatial distribution states of wetting and drying and lacking dynamic indicators for characterization. Here, we constructed a new dynamic index to characterize water alternation of wetting and drying of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, using all available Landsat images and Google Earth Engine from 1987 to 2020. In addition, we analyzed the relative contribution of the dam to water regime changes according to geographical characteristics, and a neglected cascading reaction was found between the upstream and downstream of the basin. The results showed that the alternation of Poyang Lake significantly intensified, and varied with different years. Although the apparent regulation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has no significant impact on the maximum storage of the downstream Poyang Lake and the runoff of the further Yangtze Estuary, the TGD has changed the water spatial alternation of Poyang Lake, resulting in a cascading reaction to the runoff of the Yangtze Estuary.
Size distribution and length-weight relationship of invasive species flowerhorn (Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther, 1867) in Lake Mahalona, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nasution S H , Akhdiana I , Muchlis A M , Cinnawara H T
Published: July 2022

Lake Mahalona is one of the lakes located in the Malili Complex, South Sulawesi and is included in the Natural Tourism Park Area. Cichlasoma trimaculatum are ornamental fish from the Cichlidae family that become invasive in Lake Mahalona. A total of 29 fish species were recorded in this lake, and most of them are endemic fish. It is estimated that native and endemic fish species and populations will decline due to invasive alien species intentionally or unintentionally in Lake Mahalona. The study to determine the size distribution and length-weight relationship of C. trimaculatum was conducted in Mahalona Lake. The study was conducted at 11 stations in October 2020. Experimental gill nets used to catch Bilih. The total length of C. trimaculatum ranged from 10.0 ± 1.57 cm (Kusapa and Badilla stations) to 18.0 ± 1.57 cm (Benu station), and the weight ranged from 19.0 ± 19.2 g (Kusapa station) to 140.0 ± 19.2 g (Muara station). The correlation coefficient (r) value for this fish ranges from 0.8685 - 0.9691. The growth pattern of C. trimaculatum was a negative allometric characteristic. An exception in Muara dan Tandu Mata stations was positive allometric.
Enrichment of commercial feed with new formula products on the growth, yield, and mortality of the giant gourami Osphronemus goramy
Authors: Syandri H , Azrita
Published: July 2022

Background and objective: The giant gurami (Osphronemus goramy) is considered the most desirable freshwater species in Indonesia, mainly for food security. This study evaluated the effectiveness of newly formulated products containing water, coconut, palm sap sugar, and fungus used for enriched commercial feed and their impact on gurami sago’s (local strain) growth performance, yield, and mortality. Methods: A total of 100 g of palm sugar are cooked with 1,000 ml of freshwater for fifteen minutes at a temperature of 60 °C. Furthermore was added 2,000 ml of mature coconut water. For every 1,000 ml of a mixture of mature coconut water and palm sap sugar solution was added 2 g of Aspergillus niger (called product P1), 2 g of Rhizopus oligosporus (product P2), and 2 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (product P3). Commercial fish feed pellets enriched with P1, P2, and P3 were designated as P1, P2, and P3 diets. At the same time, the commercial feed added with freshwater is called P4 feed (placebo). The dosage of each product is 300 ml/kg of feed. Juvenile sago gourami (initial weight 50±2.5 g and total length 13.2±0.4 cm) were stocked in triplicate (0.5x0.5x0.5 m) in a freshwater concrete pond with a stocking density of 30 individuals. /net, an initial feeding rate of 3% per day for 90 days of the experiment. Results: The weight gain ranged from 172.43 to 215.6%, the specific growth rate increased from 0.60 and 0.75%/day. The coefficient of thermal growth increased from 27.26 to 32.83. At the same time, yield ranging from 14.88 to 21.03 g/L and mortality for 90 days of the experiment decreased from 22.22% to 6.66%. The coefficient of variation in weight was between 0.68% and 1.30%. Conclusion: Giant gourami juvenile survived and grew well in diet P2, moderate growth in diet P3, and diet P1; the lowest growth was recorded in diet P4.
Optimizing crude protein production from minute duckweed (Lemna perpusilla Torr) grown in varied NPK based medium
Authors: Satya A , Chrismadha T , Satya A D M , Satya I A
Published: July 2022

A suitable growth medium has to be developed to implement the potential use of minute duckweed (L. perpusilla Torr.). This tiny floating aquatic plant has been widely promoted as a source of protein. This research aims to find the optimal NPK based media for enhancing plant protein productivity. The duckweed was grown in twelve various NPK based media formulations (respectively named as Box-A to box-L, each has a surface area of 0.0945 m2), and the crude protein productivity was examined. Determination of crude protein through the total biomass nitrogen (TN) analysis was performed using the modified Salicylic acid method, which combined alkaline persulphate digestion before the absorbance measurement with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest crude protein productivity in dry weight was 18.02 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 65.76 kg/ha/year found on the Box D (consisted of blending Terminalia catappa leaf extract as bioalgacide agent and trace elements in NPK of 100 mg/L). Meanwhile, the highest Total Nitrogen removal (98.6%) was observed on box F (mixed of NPK 100 mg/L, Terminalia catappa leaf extract, trace elements, and molasses solutions). The alternative formulation was blending NPK 300 mg/L with trace element (box L) that enable to yield of crude protein as much as 30.97 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 113.04 kg/ha.year. These findings proved that duckweed biomass could be potentially used as a protein source material and improve water quality in aquaculture. Further, the use of three-dimensional models to demonstrate the effect of the remaining concentration of TN and TP in medium against crude protein content in the biomass was also discussed.
Composition and Abundance of Phytoplankton in Segara Anakan Lagoon and Cibeureum River, Central Java
Authors: Sulawesty F , Larashati S , Triyanto  , Dina R , Samir O , Widoretno M R
Published: July 2022

Segara Anakan Lagoon and Cibereum River are located south of Java Island, precisely on the border between West Java Province and Central Java. This study aimed to reveal phytoplankton community structure related to water quality. Observations were made in May 2021 at seven locations. Ten liters of water were filtered using a plankton net with a mesh size of 53 μm and preserved using Lugol. The parameters observed were the abundance and composition of phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity. Phytoplankton community structure was analyzed using the Diversity Index, Evenness Index, and Dominance Index. The phytoplankton found consisted of Bacillaryophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta, and Euglenophyta. Bacillaryophyta had more diversity of species than other phyla, with an abundance range from 38–4,037 individuals/L. Station 7 (at Cibereum River) had a different phytoplankton composition, with a higher abundance and species number, and Oscillatoria sp. as a dominant species. This station has low diversity and evenness index values (0.649 and 0.054, respectively), and the dominance index close to 1 (0.858) indicated unstable habitat for the phytoplankton community. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity were lower, while turbidity was higher than other stations.
The Ability of Some Vegetables to Reduce Nutrients from Fish Culture Waste to Support Environmentally Friendly Floating Net Cage Culture
Authors: Astuti L P , Warsa A , Krismono
Published: July 2022

Aquaculture activities with floating net cages are considered sources of organic pollution through the accumulation of uneaten feed and excretion of fish metabolism in reservoir waters. Thus it is required to have aquaculture technology that can reduce the pollutant load of floating net cages. One of the technologies used is plants to absorb nutrients, such as aquaponics technology applied in reservoir waters. This study aimed to determine the ability of vegetables to reduce nutrients from aquaculture activities. The study was conducted in 2016 in a laboratory-scale experiment using green spinach (Amaranthus hybridusL), red spinach (Amaranthus tricolorL), pakcoy (Brassica rapa), and water spinach (Ipomea reptans) to treat nutrient waste from a carp fish culture. The results showed that the highest NO2removal efficiency was pakcoy (98.44%), followed by water spinach (88.15%). The highest removal efficiency of NO3was water spinach (69.49%). The highest removal efficiency of PO4was also water spinach (48.38%), while the highest removal efficiency of total organic matter was in water spinach (42.86%) and pakcoy (51.28%). Water spinach plants have the highest ability to absorb nutrients N, P, and organic matter so that they can be used as nutrient-reducing plants in friendly floating net cage culture.
The recent status of synthetic dyes mycoremediation: A review
Authors: Melati I , Rahayu G , Henny C
Published: July 2022

Synthetic dyes are extensively utilized in various industries like food and beverage, medicine, cosmetics, dyeing, leather, and textiles, so these dyes are frequently found within the effluent of those industrial wastes. Disposal of coloured waste from various industries into rivers and lakes will reduce dissolved oxygen concentration and produce poisonous conditions in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, synthetic dye will produce tough composites to degrade (recalcitrant), which can beget carcinogenic, mutagenic, and antipathetic goods on the mortal body. Colour disposal of the synthetic dye before being discharged into the environment is necessary. A provident and environmentally friendly dye removal technology is needed. One similar technology is mycoremediation. Mycoremediation is fungus-based remediation technology that was quite promising in decolorizing synthetic dyes. Various fungi, either directly or by their enzymes, free or immobilized cells have been widely used as dye bioremediation agents. A few investigate works have been exhausted this region, and numerous are going on by researchers to discover the proficient way for such bioremediation. In this review, we describe the most updated research (2019-2021) on fungi as synthetic dye bioremediation agents. However, further evaluation is needed to look at the toxicity of the dye degradation products, the potential utilization of fungal biomass used in the mycoremediation process, and economic value analysis to ensure the development of green technologies.
Performance of natural coagulant extracted from tapioca and corn flour for the treatment of tofu wastewater
Authors: Prihatinningtyas E , Effendi A J
Published: July 2022

Present study investigates the ability of tapioca and corn flour for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from tofu wastewater. The active coagulant agent were succesfully extracted from tapioca and corn flour using NaCl (namely tapioca and corn extract) and Amberlite resin (namely tapioca ionic and corn ionic). Experiment were conducted in batch mode for initial turbidity of 527 NTU, initial TSS 740 mg/L and initial COD 13,015.04 mg/L. Results demonstrated that tapioca extract is less efficient in turbidity, TSS and COD removal compare to corn extract. Corn extract was found to provide high turbidity removal with efficiency of 71% and TSS removal with efficiency of 35%. Meanwhile, corn ionic was reported have the highest ability in COD removal and reached 31.71% efficiency. Thus, the natural coagulants extracted from NaCl and Amberlite resin revealed to be effective only for turbidity removal.
Evaluating Inflow Result from SWAT Model at Singkarak Lake Under Limited Data
Authors: Wibowo H , Ridwansyah I , Rahmat A
Published: July 2022

Sustained lake functioning requires proper management in the catchment area and the water body. To address this, information on lake water balance is crucial because it is the basis for many scientific investigations of processes that occur in lake ecosystems. In many lakes, inflow from catchment areas is dominated by river flow. The problem is that inflow measurement data on rivers into the lake are difficult to obtain. Several models are used for inflow estimation, but validation will undoubtedly be complex because there is no observational data. The approach taken is to analyze the model results’ inflow accuracy through water balance analysis based on observational data on water level, climatology, and outflow. This approach will be implemented on Singkarak Lake, 109.08 km2, which is a tectonic lake located in West Sumatra. The method used to calculate inflow uses the SWAT hydrological model based on land use data in 2014 and Chirps rainfall in the 2010-2019 period. Water balance analysis is used to evaluate the inflow of the model results based on observational data on water level and outflow. The results show that the monthly inflow is too high, with an average excess of 6.21cms, which causes the average water level to be 0.52 meters higher.
Peatland Management Based on Hydrological Characteristics at Peatland Rangsang Island, Kepulauan Meranti Regency
Authors: Turmudi  , Fahrudin Muh.
Published: July 2022

Rangsang Island is one of the three main islands in the Kepulauan Meranti district which is dominated by peatlands. Rangsang Island, which faces the Straits of Malacca in the east, is under massive pressure in the utilization of its land. In the management of peatlands, the hydrological aspect plays an important role, in accordance with the characteristics of peatlands where the land is saturated with water, either periodically or permanently. This study aims to determine the hydrological characteristics of peatlands in an effort to sustainably manage peatlands in the Rangsang Island area. The method used is spatial analysis, hydrological analysis of peatlands. The data used consists of land unit maps, soil maps, rainfall for the period 1998-2019, ground water level (GWL) period August 2019-August 2021 population data. The results of this study indicate that fluctuations of GWL during dry season were 42 – 45 cm relatively safe; and GWL control in peatland management is very important in dealing sustainability of peat land especially during dry season. Cultivation of plants that are adaptive to the peat ecosystem such as liberica coffee supports an efforts to sustain the peatland area.
Self-supplied water in Indonesia: recent spatial and socio-demographic conditions and its future development
Authors: Cahyadi R , Kusumaningrum D , Prasetyoputra P
Published: July 2022

Indonesia is currently on track in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Goal 6. In clean water provision, many regions, especially urban areas, are facilitated by both state-owned and private-owned water utility companies. However, the coverage of these public and private clean water providers is still limited. Many households in areas not covered with formal clean water provisions secure their needs with self-supplied clean water provisions. Many works of literature show that self-supplied clean water can be an alternative to the unequal, slow and even failed public provision of water services. However, there has been little research in Indonesia that attempts to examine the current self-supplied water managed by communities. Thus, this paper explores the provision of self-supplied water at the household level using the 2018 SUSENAS data. This paper will develop two categories of households based on the source of clean water both in rural and urban areas and explore several other categories (based on administrative and geographical characteristics). The purpose of this research is to show the potential of self-supplied water in various regions in Indonesia to support the government’s strategy and progress in achieving universal access to clean water by 2030.
Development of a vascular substitute produced by weaving yarn made from human amniotic membrane
Authors: Grémare Agathe , Thibes Lisa , Gluais Maude , Torres Yoann , Potart Diane , Da Silva Nicolas , Dusserre Nathalie , Fénelon Mathilde , Sentilhes Loïc , Lacomme Sabrina , Svahn Isabelle , Gontier Etienne , Fricain Jean-Christophe , L’Heureux Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Because synthetic vascular prostheses perform poorly in small-diameter revascularization, biological vascular substitutes are being developed as an alternative. Although their in vivo results are promising, their production involves long, complex, and expensive tissue engineering methods. To overcome these limitations, we propose an innovative approach that combines the human amniotic membrane (HAM), which is a widely available and cost-effective biological raw material, with a rapid and robust textile-inspired assembly strategy. Fetal membranes were collected after cesarean deliveries at term. Once isolated by dissection, HAM sheets were cut into ribbons that could be further processed by twisting into threads. Characterization of the HAM yarns (both ribbons and threads) showed that their physical and mechanical properties could be easily tuned. Since our clinical strategy will be to provide an off-the-shelf allogeneic implant, we studied the effects of decellularization and/or gamma sterilization on the histological, mechanical, and biological properties of HAM ribbons. Gamma irradiation of hydrated HAMs, with or without decellularization, did not interfere with the ability of the matrix to support endothelium formation in vitro. Finally, our HAM-based, woven tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) exhibited clinically relevant mechanical properties. Thus, this study demonstrates that human, completely biological, allogeneic, small-diameter TEVGs can be produced from HAM, thereby avoiding costly cell culture and bioreactors.
Low temperature hybrid 3D printing of hierarchically porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds with in situ delivery of osteogenic peptide and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lai Jiahui , Wang Chong , Liu Jia , Chen Shangsi , Liu Chaoyu , Huang Xiangxuan , Wu Jing , Pan Yue , Xie Yuancai , Wang Min
Published: July 2022

Compared to other conventional scaffold fabrication techniques, three-dimensional (3D) printing is advantageous in producing bone tissue engineering scaffolds with customized shape, tailored pore size/porosity, required mechanical properties and even desirable biomolecule delivery capability. However, for scaffolds with a large volume, it is highly difficult to get seeded cells to migrate to the central region of the scaffolds, resulting in an inhomogeneous cell distribution and therefore lowering the bone forming ability. To overcome this major obstacle, in this study, cell-laden bone tissue engineering scaffolds consisting of osteogenic peptide (OP) loaded β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (OP/TCP/PLGA, designated as OTP) nanocomposite struts and rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC)-laden gelatin/GelMA hydrogel rods were produced through ‘dual-nozzle’ low temperature hybrid 3D printing. The cell-laden scaffolds exhibited a bi-phasic structure and had a mechanical modulus of about 19.6 MPa, which was similar to that of human cancellous bone. OP can be released from the hybrid scaffolds in a sustained manner and achieved a cumulative release level of about 78% after 24 d. rBMSCs encapsulated in the hydrogel rods exhibited a cell viability of about 87.4% right after low temperature hybrid 3D printing and could be released from the hydrogel rods to achieve cell anchorage on the surface of adjacent OTP struts. The OP released from OTP struts enhanced rBMSCs proliferation. Compared to rBMSC-laden hybrid scaffolds without OP incorporation, the rBMSC-laden hybrid scaffolds incorporated with OP significantly up-regulated osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by showing a higher level of alkaline phosphatase expression and calcium deposition. This ‘proof-of-concept’ study has provided a facile method to form cell-laden bone tissue engineering scaffolds with not only required mechanical strength, biomimetic structure and sustained biomolecule release profile but also excellent cell delivery capability with uniform cell distribution, which can improve the bone forming ability in the body.
Strong light-matter interactions in hybrid nanostructures with transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Xie Peng , Wu Yuyang , Li Yuhang , Chang Peijie , Zhang Hong , Wang Wei
Published: July 2022

The interaction between quantum emitters and photons in the strong coupling regime has received much attention in recent years due to its important position in fundamental and applied physics. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have become ideal candidates for the study of strong light-matter interactions due to the formation of in-plane excitons exhibiting giant oscillator strength with narrow-band, well-pronounced optical transitions, which can be readily coupled to various optical excitations. The study of TMD-based strong coupling are leading to striking discoveries in many applications such as polariton condensation, lasing, all-optical switches and quantum information processing. This review summarizes the recent advances in strong coupling of TMD excitons with different types of nanostructures including traditional optical cavities, plasmonic nanocavities and all-dielectric nanoresonators. We finally discuss the future perspectives and possible directions on the TMD-based strong exciton–photon interactions in strong coupling regime.
Area-dependent gain and noise characteristics of mid-wavelength infrared HgCdTe planar electron avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Yang Dan , Guo Huijun , Zhu Liqi , Yang Liao , Chen Lu , Lin Chun , Ding Ruijun , He Li
Published: July 2022

This paper mainly investigates the area-dependent gain and noise characteristics of mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) Hg0.7Cd0.3Te planarelectron avalanche photodiodes (e-APDs) operated at 80 K. The 10-μm-radius diode exhibits low dark current in the magnitude of 10–13 A below −5.5 V, high gain up to 1270 at −10 V, and low excess noise factor between 1 and 1.2. The optimal performances are compromised by tunneling current, which should be further suppressed. Studies on variable-area diodes show that larger diodes have a reduced gain due to a smaller contribution from edge gain, as well as an increased 1/f noise and corner frequency due to higher defect density. From the gain and noise perspectives, HgCdTe e-APDs with smaller junction areas are more suitable for focal plane array (FPA) applications.
Fast multi-qubit global-entangling gates without individual addressing of trapped ions
Authors: Wang Kaizhao , Yu Jing-Fan , Wang Pengfei , Luan Chunyang , Zhang Jing-Ning , Kim Kihwan
Published: July 2022

We propose and study ways speeding up of the entangling operations in the trapped ions system with high fidelity. First, we find a scheme to increase the speed of a two-qubit gate without the limitation of trap frequency, which was considered as the fundamental limit. Second, we study the fast gate scheme for entangling more than two qubits simultaneously. We apply the method of applying multiple frequency components on laser beams for the gate operations. In particular, in order to avoid infinite terms from the coupling to carrier transition, we focus on the phase-insensitive gate scheme here. We carefully study the effect of large excitation of motional mode beyond the limit of Lamb–Dicke approximation by including up to second order terms of the Lamb–Dicke parameter. We study the speed limit of multi-qubit global entangling gates without individual addressing requirements. Furthermore, our gates can be made insensitive to the fluctuation of initial motional phases which are difficult to stabilise in the phase-insensitive gate scheme.
Coefficient Systems on the Bruhat-Tits Building and Pro-𝑝 Iwahori-Hecke Modules
Authors: Kohlhaase Jan
Published: July 2022

Let

G
G

be the group of rational points of a split connected reductive group over a nonarchimedean local field of residue characteristic

p
p

. Let

I
I

be a pro-

p
p

Iwahori subgroup of

G
G

and let

R
R

be a commutative quasi-Frobenius ring. If

H
=
R
[
I
∖
G

/

I
]

H=R[I\backslash G/I]

denotes the pro-

p
p

Iwahori-Hecke algebra of

G
G

over

R
R

we clarify the relation between the category of

H
H

-modules and the category of

G
G

-equivariant coefficient systems on the semisimple Bruhat-Tits building of

G
G

. If

R
R

is a field of characteristic zero this yields alternative proofs of the exactness of the Schneider-Stuhler resolution and of the Zelevinski conjecture for smooth

G
G

-representations generated by their

I
I

-invariants. In general, it gives a description of the derived category of

H
H

-modules in terms of smooth

G
G

-representations and yields a functor to generalized

(
φ
,
Γ
)

(\varphi ,\Gamma )

-modules extending the constructions of Colmez, Schneider and Vignéras.
Mapping properties of operator-valued Bergman projections
Authors: Wang Liang , Xu Bang , Zhou Dejian
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the boundedness theory for Bergman projection in the operator-valued setting. More precisely, let

D

\mathbb {D}

be the open unit disk in the complex plane

C

\mathbb {C}

and

M

\mathcal {M}

be a semifinite von Neumann algebra. We prove that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper P left-parenthesis f right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Subscript 1 comma normal infinity Subscript left-parenthesis script upper N right-parenthesis Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis script upper N right-parenthesis Baseline comma">

‖
P
(
f
)

‖

L

1
,
∞

(

N

)

≤
C
‖
f

‖

L
1

(

N

)

,

\begin{equation*} \|P(f)\|_{L_{1,\infty }(\mathcal {N})}\leq C \|f\|_{L_1(\mathcal {N})}, \end{equation*}

where

N

=

L

∞

(

D

)

⊗
¯

M

\mathcal {N}=L_{\infty }(\mathbb {D})\bar {\otimes }\mathcal {M}

and

P
P

denotes the Bergman projection. Consequently,

P
P

is bounded on

L

p

(

N

)

L_{p}(\mathcal {N})

with

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

. As applications, we also obtain Kolmogorov and Zygmund inequalities for the Bergman projection

P
P

.
Cabotegravir: The first long-acting injectable for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Prather Caitlin , Jeon Chaeok
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the integrase inhibitor cabotegravir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, including data from clinical trials.

A narrative review was performed by searching PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify relevant articles published between March 2014 and December 2021 using the keyword terms cabotegravir and Apretude and the search strings “long-acting injectable AND human immunodeficiency virus” and “pre-exposure prophylaxis AND human immunodeficiency virus.” All relevant English-language articles evaluating the pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of cabotegravir in humans for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis were included. Additional data were obtained from prescribing information, references of identified articles, and abstracts from scientific meetings. Cabotegravir has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and is considered both safe and effective for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is the first long-acting injectable medication approved for this indication. Phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated the noninferiority of cabotegravir to currently recommended oral once-daily dosing regimens. Injection-site reactions were common in clinical trials of cabotegravir and occurred in up to 81% of trial participants. Costs associated with the long-acting injectable formulation must also be considered.

Conclusion

Cabotegravir is a novel bimonthly, injectable option for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis for high-risk adolescents and adults weighing at least 35 kg.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Single and Combined Efficacy of Radiofrequency and Hybrid Fractional Laser for Nonsurgical Aesthetic Genital Procedures in Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: Wamsley Christine , Kislevitz Mikaela , Vingan Nicole R , Oesch Sydney , Lu Karen , Barillas Jennifer , Hoopman John , Akgul Yucel , Basci Deniz , Kho Kimberly , Zimmern Phillipe E , Kenkel Jeffrey M
Published: July 2022

Background

The efficacy of interventions that provide long-term relief of genitourinary symptoms of menopause has not been determined.

Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate radiofrequency and hybrid fractional laser (HFL) treatments for menopausal vulvovaginal symptoms.

Methods

Thirty-one postmenopausal women completed all treatments and at least 1 follow-up. Outcomes included the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire (VSQ), Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), Urogenital Distress Short Form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), laxity measurements via a vaginal biometric analyzer probe, and gene expression studies.

Results

Mean VSQ score decreased 2.93 (P = 0.0162), 4.07 (P = 0.0035), and 4.78 (P = 0.0089) among placebo, dual, and HFL groups 3 months posttreatment and decreased to 3.3 (P = 0.0215) for dual patients at 6 months. FSFI scores increased in the desire domain for placebo and dual groups and in arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain domains for the HFL group 3 and 6 months posttreatment. An increase of 1.14 in VLQ score (P = 0.0294) was noted 3 months and 2.2 (P = 0.002) 6 months following dual treatment. There was also a mean decrease of 15.3 (P = 0.0069) in IIQ score for HFL patients at 3 months. Dual, HFL, and RF treatments resulted in statistically significant decreases in collagen I, elastin, and lysyl oxidase expression.

Conclusions

Several self-reported improvements were noted, particularly among HFL, dual, and placebo groups 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Objective biopsy analysis illustrated decreased gene expression, suggesting that treatments did not stimulate new extracellular matrix production.

Level of Evidence: 2
Multifunctional chitosan/gelatin@tannic acid cryogels decorated within situreduced silver nanoparticles for wound healing
Authors: Xu Na , Yuan Yucheng , Ding Liangping , Li Jiangfeng , Jia Jiezhi , Li Zheng , He Dengfeng , Yu Yunlong
Published: July 2022

Background

Most traditional wound dressings only partially meet the needs of wound healing because of their single function. Patients usually suffer from the increasing cost of treatment and pain resulting from the frequent changing of wound dressings. Herein, we have developed a mutifunctional cryogel to promote bacterial infected wound healing based on a biocompatible polysaccharide.

Methods

The multifunctional cryogel is made up of a compositive scaffold of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel) and tannic acid (TA) and in situ formed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). A liver bleeding rat model was used to evaluate the dynamic hemostasis performance of the various cryogels. In order to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the prepared cryogels, gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) were cultured with the cryogels for 12 h. Meanwhile, S. aureus was introduced to cause bacterial infection in vivo. After treatment for 2 days, the exudates from wound sites were dipped for bacterial colony culture. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory effect of the various cryogels was evaluated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, full-thickness skin defect models on the back of SD rats were established to assess the wound healing performances of the cryogels.

Results

Due to its porous structure, the multifunctional cryogel showed fast liver hemostasis. The introduced Ag NPs endowed the cryogel with an antibacterial efficiency of >99.9% against both S. aureus and E. coli. Benefited from the polyphenol groups of TA, the cryogel could inhibit nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation and down-regulate inflammatory cytokines for an anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, excessive reactive oxygen species could also be scavenged effectively. Despite the presence of Ag NPs, the cryogel did not show cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the biocompatible cryogel displayed effective bacterial disinfection and accelerated wound healing.

Conclusions

The multifunctional cryogel, with fast hemostasis, antibacterial and anti-inflammation properties and the ability to promote cell proliferation could be widely applied as a wound dressing for bacterial infected wound healing.
Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis and kidney transplantation
Authors: Cantarelli Chiara , Angeletti Andrea , Perin Laura , Russo Luis Sanchez , Sabiu Gianmarco , Podestà Manuel Alfredo , Cravedi Paolo
Published: July 2022

Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are still at high risk of infection-related complications. Although the risk of infection in these patients is comparable to that of the general population, their lower rate of response to vaccination is a matter of concern. When prevention strategies fail, infection is often severe. Comorbidities affecting patients on maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant recipients clearly account for the increased risk of severe COVID-19, while the role of uremia and chronic immunosuppression is less clear. Immune monitoring studies have identified differences in the innate and adaptive immune response against the virus that could contribute to the increased disease severity. In particular, individuals on dialysis show signs of T cell exhaustion that may impair antiviral response. Similar to kidney transplant recipients, antibody production in these patients occurs, but with delayed kinetics compared with the general population, leaving them more exposed to viral expansion during the early phases of infection. Overall, unique features of the immune response during COVID-19 in individuals with ESKD may occur with severe comorbidities affecting these individuals in explaining their poor outcomes.