bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in long-term survival after intensive care unit treatment for sepsis: A cohort study
Authors: Thompson Kelly , Hammond Naomi , Bailey Michael , Darvall Jai , Low Gary , McGloughlin Steven , Modra Lucy , Pilcher David
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of sex on sepsis-related ICU admission and survival for up to 3-years.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of adults admitted to Australian ICUs between 2018 and 2020. Men and women with a primary diagnosis of sepsis were included. The primary outcome of time to death for up to 3-years was examined using Kaplan Meier plots. Secondary outcomes included the duration of ICU and hospital stay.

Results

Of 523,576 admissions, there were 63,039 (12·0%) sepsis-related ICU admissions. Of these, there were 50,956 patients (43·4% women) with 3-year survival data. Men were older (mean age 66·5 vs 63·6 years), more commonly received mechanical ventilation (27·4% vs 24·7%) and renal replacement therapy (8·2% vs 6·8%) and had worse survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1·11; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1·07 to 1·14, P<0·001) compared to women. The duration of hospital and ICU stay was longer for men, compared to women (median hospital stay, 9.8 vs 9.4 days; p<0.001 and ICU stay, 2.7 vs 2.6 days; p<0.001).

Conclusion

Men are more likely to be admitted to ICU with sepsis and have worse survival for up to 3-years. Understanding causal mechanisms of sex differences may facilitate the development of targeted sepsis strategies.
Casting votes of antecedents play a key role in successful sequential decision-making
Authors: Ito Mariko I. , Sasaki Akira
Published: February 2023

Aggregation of opinions often results in high decision-making accuracy, owing to the collective intelligence effect. Studies on group decisions have examined the optimum weights for opinion aggregation to maximise accuracy. In addition to the optimum weights of opinions, the impact of the correlation among opinions on collective intelligence is a major issue in collective decision-making. We investigated how individuals should weigh the opinions of others and their own to maximise their accuracy in sequential decision-making. In our sequential decision-making model, each person makes a primary choice, observes his/her predecessors’ opinions, and makes a final choice, which results in the person’s answer correlating with those of others. We developed an algorithm to find casting voters whose primary choices are determinative of their answers and revealed that decision accuracy is maximised by considering only the abilities of the preceding casting voters. We also found that for individuals with heterogeneous abilities, the order of decision-making has a significant impact on the correlation between their answers and their accuracies. This could lead to a counter-intuitive phenomenon whereby, in sequential decision-making, respondents are, on average, more accurate when less reliable individuals answer earlier and more reliable individuals answer later.
Factors which influence ethnic minority women’s participation in maternity research: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies
Authors: Lovell Holly , Silverio Sergio A. , Story Lisa , Skelton Emily , Matthew Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

Background

Women from Black, Asian and mixed ethnicity backgrounds in the UK experience higher rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and report poorer experiences of maternity care. Research is required to understand how to reduce these disparities, however, it is acknowledged these groups of women are under-represented in clinical research.

Aim

To investigate factors which influence participation in maternity research for women from an ethnic minority background.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to examine influencing factors for research participation. MEDLINE/CINHAL/PsycInfo/EMBASE databases were systematically searched in March 2021 and updated in March 2022. Papers were eligible if they explored maternal research participation and identified a woman’s ethnicity in the results. No restrictions were placed on methodology. A convergent integrated approach was used to synthesise findings.

Findings

A total of 14 papers met the inclusion criteria. Results were divided into eight overarching themes. A personalised approach to recruitment and incorporating culturally sensitive communication and considerations enhanced research participation. Distrust around sharing data, a perception of risk to research participation, and research lacking in personal relevance adversely affected the decision to participate. Large variation existed in the quality of the studies reviewed.

Conclusions

Consideration of a woman’s culture and background in the design and the delivery of a maternity research study may facilitate participation, particularly when sampling from a specific population. Further research, informed by women from ethnic minority backgrounds is warranted to develop women-centred recommendations for conducting inclusive maternity research.

Prospero registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021261686.
Mathematical modelling of bicarbonate supplementation and acid-base chemistry in kidney failure patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Pietribiasi Mauro , Waniewski Jacek , Leypoldt John K.
Published: February 2023

Acid-base regulation by the kidneys is largely missing in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Bicarbonate is added to the dialysis fluid during HD to replenish the buffers in the body and neutralize interdialytic acid accumulation. Predicting HD outcomes with mathematical models can help select the optimal patient-specific dialysate composition, but the kinetics of bicarbonate are difficult to quantify, because of the many factors involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate buffer in bodily fluids. We implemented a mathematical model of dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate transport that describes the changes in acid-base equilibrium induced by HD to assess the kinetics of bicarbonate, dissolved CO2, and other buffers not only in plasma but also in erythrocytes, interstitial fluid, and tissue cells; the model also includes respiratory control over the partial pressures of CO2 and oxygen. Clinical data were used to fit the model and identify missing parameters used in theoretical simulations. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in describing the changes to acid-base homeostasis typical of HD, and highlight the importance of respiratory regulation during HD.
Comparison of machine learning and deep learning models for evaluating suitable areas for premium teas in Yunnan, China
Authors: Wei Guiyu , Zhou Ruliang
Published: February 2023

Background: Tea is an important economic crop in Yunnan, and the market price of premium teas such as Lao Banzhang is significantly higher than ordinary teas. For planting lands to promote, the tea industry to develop and minority lands’ economies to prosper, it is vital to evaluate and analyze suitable areas for premium tea cultivation. Methods: Climate, terrain, soil, and green cropping system in the premium tea planting areas were used as evaluation variables. The suitability of six machine learning models for predicting suitable areas of premium teas were evaluated. Result: FA+ResNet demonstrated the best performance with an accuracy score of 0.94 and a macro-F1 score of 0.93. The suitable areas of premium teas were mainly located in the southern catchment of LancangJiang River, south-central part of Dehong, a few areas in the mid-west of Lincang, central scattered areas of Pu’er, most of the southern western part of Xishuangbanna and the southern edge of Honghe. Annual mean temperature, annual mean precipitation, mist belt, annual mean relative humidity, soil type and elevation were the key components in evaluating the suitable areas of premium teas in Yunnan.
The DNA binding domain and the C-terminal region of DNA Ligase IV specify its role in V(D)J recombination
Authors: Malashetty Vidyasagar , Au Audrey , Chavez Jose , Hanna Mary , Chu Jennifer , Penna Jesse , Cortes Patricia
Published: February 2023

DNA Ligase IV is responsible for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), including DSBs that are generated during V(D)J recombination. Like other DNA ligases, Ligase IV contains a catalytic core with three subdomains—the DNA binding (DBD), the nucleotidyltransferase (NTD), and the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-fold subdomain (OBD). Ligase IV also has a unique C-terminal region that includes two BRCT domains, a nuclear localization signal sequence and a stretch of amino acid that participate in its interaction with XRCC4. Out of the three mammalian ligases, Ligase IV is the only ligase that participates in and is required for V(D)J recombination. Identification of the minimal domains within DNA Ligase IV that contribute to V(D)J recombination has remained unresolved. The interaction of the Ligase IV DNA binding domain with Artemis, and the interaction of its C-terminal region with XRCC4, suggest that both of these regions that also interact with the Ku70/80 heterodimer are important and might be sufficient for mediating participation of DNA Ligase IV in V(D)J recombination. This hypothesis was investigated by generating chimeric ligase proteins by swapping domains, and testing their ability to rescue V(D)J recombination in Ligase IV-deficient cells. We demonstrate that a fusion protein containing Ligase I NTD and OBDs flanked by DNA Ligase IV DBD and C-terminal region is sufficient to support V(D)J recombination. This chimeric protein, which we named Ligase 37, complemented formation of coding and signal joints. Coding joints generated with Ligase 37 were shorter than those observed with wild type DNA Ligase IV. The shorter length was due to increased nucleotide deletions and decreased nucleotide insertions. Additionally, overexpression of Ligase 37 in a mouse pro-B cell line supported a shift towards shorter coding joints. Our findings demonstrate that the ability of DNA Ligase IV to participate in V(D)J recombination is in large part mediated by its DBD and C-terminal region.
Differences in clinical significance of bronchodilator responses measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity
Authors: Choi Joon Young , Kim Sung Kyoung , Lee Jin Hwa , Jung Ki-Suck , Yoo Kwang Ha , Hwang Ki-Eun , Lee Jong Deog , Kim Yu-Il , Yoon Hyoung Kyu , Um Soo-Jung
Published: February 2023

Background

The clinical implication of bronchodilator response (BDR) is not fully understood. However, BDR is frequently present in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified the differences in clinical features regarding BDR. In addition, we divided BDR into BDR for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and BDR for forced vital capacity (FVC; i.e., BDR-FEV1 and BDR-FVC, respectively) and analyzed clinical significance.

Methods

We used data from the Korea COPD Subgroup Study, a multicenter cohort study of COPD patients recruited from 54 centers in South Korea since April 2012. We analyzed differences in baseline characteristics, 1-year exacerbation rate, and 3-year FEV1 decline between BDR negative and positive patients. Moreover, we analyzed the differences in clinical features between BDR-FEV1 positive and negative patients and between BDR-FVC positive and negative patients.

Results

Of the 2,181 patients enrolled in this study, 366 (16.8%) were BDR positive. BDR positive patients were more likely to be ever-smokers and to have a lower body mass index and higher symptom scores compared to BDR negative patients. Baseline FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were lower in the BDR positive compared to the BDR negative group (1.7 ± 0.6 and 1.6 ± 0.5, respectively, p < 0.01; 50.9 ± 12.1 and 46.5 ± 14.8, respectively, p < 0.01). BDR positive patients were more likely to have been diagnosed with asthma–COPD overlap and to receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) than BDR negative patients. BDR-FVC patients were more likely to be smokers, suffer from worse symptoms and have lower lung function than those with no BDR-FVC. BDR had no significant effect on 1-year moderate to severe or severe exacerbation rates or 3-year annual FEV1 decline. Interactive effects of ICS and BDR on the exacerbation rate were not significant in any group.

Conclusions

In this study, BDR positive patients were more likely to be ever-smokers and to have worse symptoms and lung function than BDR negative patients. BDR-FVC was associated with worse symptom control and lung function compared to BDR-FEV1. However, there were no significant differences in exacerbation rate or decline in lung function in any BDR group. In addition, the effects of ICS on exacerbations were not significant in any group.
Towards preferential selection in the prisoner’s dilemma game
Authors: Qiang Bingzhuang , Zhang Lan , Huang Changwei
Published: February 2023

In previous works, the choice of learning neighbor for an individual has generally obeyed pure random selection or preferential selection rules. In this paper, we introduce a tunable parameter ε to characterize the strength of preferential selection and focus on the transition towards preferential selection in the spatial evolutionary game by controlling ε to guide the system from pure random selection to preferential selection. Our simulation results reveal that the introduction of preferential selection can hugely alleviate social dilemmas and enhance network reciprocity. A larger ε leads to a higher critical threshold of the temptation b for the extinction of cooperators. Moreover, we provide some intuitive explanations for the above results from the perspective of strategy transition and cooperative clusters. Finally, we examine the robustness of the results for noise K and different topologies, find that qualitative features of the results are unchanged.
‘I am because you are’: A critical reflection on composing choral music to promote social inclusion for asylum seekers in Ireland
Authors: Doherty Seán
Published: February 2023

This article presents a critical reflection from a composer embedded in a national community-music project centred around asylum seekers. This reflection-on-action is contextualized within wider scholarly discourse in community music, including the notion of ‘hospitality’ and the generic features of participatory performance. An account is given of the research and analysis that informed the composer’s process for the choral work, the Song Seeking Songbook (2019). This collection of six pieces is tailored to the specific context of the project, which aimed to provide a stimulating basis for musical engagement in order to promote social inclusion. The effective pre-existing repertoire is explored to identify the key musical features that helped articulate the core principles of composition. A selection of the newly composed songs is discussed to demonstrate how these principles were deployed in the final composition.
Esencialismo, valores epistémicos y conceptos de especie
Authors: Torres Julio
Published: February 2023

En el actual contexto científico que forma la concepción darwiniana de las especies aún persisten las interpretaciones esencialistas de los conceptos de especie. ¿Se trata aquí sólo de la ignorancia de la teoría biológica? O, más bien, ¿es posible comprender la persistencia de los enfoques esencialistas sobre la base de la potencialidad de estos enfoques para explicar el logro de ciertos valores epistémicos de los actuales conceptos de especie? Me propongo responder afirmativamente a esta última pregunta y también evaluar en qué medida las intuiciones esencialistas coinciden con las estrategias explicativas de los proponentes de los modernos conceptos de especie.
Einstein's "true" discontinuity.With an application to Zeno
Authors: Antonopoulos Constantin
Published: February 2023

The question whether quantum discontinuity can or cannot provide an answer to Zeno's Paradoxes is reopened. It is observed that what is usually understood by the term "discontinuity", namely, Einstein's conception of the photon as described by himself and all others, is unsuitable to the task because, essentially,it reduces to the trivial 'discontinuity' of objects scattered in space. By contrast, quantization of energy levels, which are not in space but can only alternate in time, provide the right sort of discontinuity required. Discrete quantized orbits, corresponding to eigen-frequencies, are irreducible, and nothing is allowed to stand in-between them in satisfaction of the quantum postulate, furnishing the requisite, and so far missing, immediate nextness of a point to a certain other. In this way, Zeno's Runner need not postpone his first step indefinitely, always waiting upon an infinity of preceding steps, before it can be taken. There is now a point that is next to a point and so a step on that point, which is the first step. It follows that, if one kind of discontinuity, Einstein's, is incapable of offerring an answer to Zeno, while another kind can, the two are discrepant. One of them, the former, is not a kind of discontinuity properly so called at all, though evidently the consequence of one.
Bancos, bibliotecas y cementerios: usos de las analogías y las clasificaciones en el razonamiento sobre biotecnología
Authors: Bermejo-Luque Lilian , Casado da Rocha Antonio
Published: February 2023

El uso de analogías en bioética es muy frecuente. Dado que son instrumentos especialmente eficaces desde un punto de vista retórico, resulta fundamental determinar bajo qué condiciones la formulación de analogías constituye un recurso discursivo legítimo. En este artículo, distinguimos entre usos no-discursivos y usos discursivos de las analogías, y dentro de estos últimos, entre usos explicativos y usos argumentativos. En base a esta clasificación, proponemos distintos conjuntos de criterios para determinar si una analogía particular constituye un recurso discursivo legítimo o no. Para ello, ilustramos nuestra clasificación mediante ejemplos tomados del reciente debate ético y jurídico sobre los biobancos.
Bayesianism and inference to the best explanation
Authors: IRANZO Valeriano
Published: February 2023

Bayesianism and Inference to the best explanation (IBE) are two different models of inference. Recently there has been some debate about the possibility of "bayesianizing" IBE. Firstly I explore several alternatives to include explanatory considerations in Bayes's Theorem. Then I distinguish two different interpretations of prior probabilities: "IBE-Bayesianism" (IBE-Bay) and "frequentist-Bayesianism" (Freq-Bay). After detailing the content of the latter, I propose a rule for assessing the priors. I also argue that Freq-Bay: (i) endorses a role for explanatory value in the assessment of scientific hypotheses; (ii) avoids a purely subjectivist reading of prior probabilities; and (iii) fits better than IBE-Bayesianism with two basic facts about science, i.e., the prominent role played by empirical testing and the existence of many scientific theories in the past that failed to fulfil their promises and were subsequently abandoned.
La diferencia entre lógicas y el cambio de significado de las conectivas: Un enfoque categorista
Authors: Estrada González Luis , Pallares Vega Ivonne Victoria
Published: February 2023

En este artículo tratamos de hacer plausible la hipótesis de que las conectivas de diferentes lógicas no necesariamente difieren en significado. Utilizando el tratamiento categorista de las conectivas, argumentaremos contra la tesis quineana de que la diferencia de lógicas implica diferencia de significado entre sus conectivas, y ubicamos el cambio de tema en la diferencia de objetos más bien que en una tal diferencia de significado. Finalmente, intentamos mostrar que ese tratamiento categorista es una forma de minimalismo semántico, de acuerdo con el cual no todos los elementos semánticos usuales son relevantes para determinar el significado de las conectivas.
Arguing as Trying to Show That a Target-claim is Correct
Authors: Hitchcock David
Published: February 2023

In Giving Reasons, Bermejo-Luque rightly claims that a normative model of the speech act of argumentation is more defensible if it rests on an internal aim that is constitutive of the act of arguing than if it rests, as she claims existing normative models do, on an aim that one need not pursue when one argues. She rightly identifies arguing with trying to justify something. But it is not so clear that she has correctly identified the internal aim of arguing as showing that a target-claim is correct on the basis that a reason offered in its support is correct. First, if arguing is as she claims an attempt to justify, it is best construed as an attempt to justify the action or emotion expressed in its conclusion. Second, it is doubtful that qualified reasons and conclusions can always be reasonably reconstructed as unqualified claims, and even more doubtful that non-constative reasons and conclusions can always be reasonably reconstructed as indirect claims. Third, she needs to explain and justify her introduction of the concepts of showing and correctness in her analysis of the act of arguing.
Truthmakers for Negatives
Authors: Pagès Joan
Published: February 2023

In this paper I will first present and defend Molnar's way of setting out the problem of finding truthmakers for negative propositions. Secondly, I will reply to two objections to what in my view is the most promising general approach to the problem of negatives. Finally, I will present and defend Cheyne and Pidgen's specific proposal that falls under that general promising approach
Whither Experimental Semantics?
Authors: Devitt Michael
Published: February 2023

The main goal of the paper is to propose a methodology for the theory of reference in which experiments feature prominently. These experiments should primarily test linguistic usage rather than the folk's referential intuitions. The proposed methodology urges the use of: (A) philosophers' referential intuitions, both informally and, occasionally, scientifically gathered; (B) the corpus, both informally and scientifically gathered; (C) elicited production; and, occasionally, (D) folk's referential intuitions. The most novel part of this is (C) and that is where most of the experimental work should be. The secondary goal of the paper is to defend my earlier paper "Experimental Semantics" from the criticisms of Machery, Mallon, Nichols, and Stich in "If Folk Intuitions Vary, Then What?" They charge that I have seriously misunderstood their goal in "Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style" and that many of my arguments are "largely irrelevant". I argue that these charges are baseless.
Is the subjective interpretation of quantum
probabilities really inconsistent?
Authors: Farmakis Lefteris
Published: February 2023

Christopher Fuchs has recently offered a provocative version of quantum mechanical realism, which is based on the suggestion that quantum probabilities merit a subjective interpretation. His proposal, however, has been charged with inconsistency by Amit Hagar (2003), who argues that interpreting quantum probabilities subjectively is inconsistent with the realist claims Fuchs wants to maintain for the quantum system and the dimensionality of the Hilbert space that accompanies it. In this paper I first outline the fundamentals of Fuchs's approach and then take up the task of rebutting Hagar's charge by demonstrating the internal coherence of Fuchs's realism.
Ecuaciones cuadráticas y procedimientos algorítmicos. Diofanto y las matemáticas en Mesopotamia
Authors: Yuste Piedad
Published: February 2023

En este ensayo presento un análisis comparativo entre los diversos procedimientos creados, respectivamente, por los matemáticos babilonios y Diofanto de Alejandría para resolver ecuaciones de segundo grado. Observaremos cómo los primeros recurrieron a la composición de diagramas mientras Diofanto aplicó un algoritmo abstracto que no consiguió generalizar.In this paper I present a comparative analysis among the diverse procedures invented respectively by the Babylonian mathematicians and Diophantus of Alexandria to solve quadratic equations. We will observe how the first ones appealed to the composition of diagrams while Diophantus applied an abstract algorithm that he was not able to generalize.
Conceptions of the mind... that do not loose sight of logic
Authors: Acero Juan José
Published: February 2023

...
Networks of Evolutionary Processors: A Survey
Authors: Martín-Vide Carlos , Ibarra Victor
Published: February 2023

...
Logical Consequence and Logical Expressions
Authors: Gómez-Torrente Mario
Published: February 2023

...
The 'Must' and the 'Heptahedron'. Remarks on Remarks
Authors: Gómez-Torrente Mario
Published: February 2023

...
The Perverse Normative Power of Self-Exceptions
Authors: Barragán Julia
Published: February 2023

...
In Memoriam: Josep Lluís Blasco y la libertad de pensar (1940-2003)
Authors: Corbí Josep
Published: February 2023

...
Editor's Presentation. Darwinism and Social Science: Is there Any Hope for the Reductionist?
Authors: Zamora Bonilla Jesús
Published: February 2023

...
Knowledge in Economics: An Evolutionary Viewpoint
Authors: García Pablo Sebastián
Published: February 2023

...
Synchronous Events in By-Sentences
Authors: Pineda David
Published: February 2023

...
Construction and Cognition
Authors: Elgin Catherine Z.
Published: February 2023

The Structure of Appearance presents a phenomenalist system which constructs enduring visible objects out of qualia. Nevertheless Goodman does not espouse phenomenalism. Why not? In answering this question this paper explicates Goodman's views about the nature and functions of constructional systems, the prospects of reductionism, and the character of epistemology.
Abduction at the interface of Logic and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Van Benthem Johan
Published: February 2023

Despite their growing separation over the years, logic and philosophy of science should still be allies pursuing an agenda of rational agency ranging from specific mechanisms like abduction to the broader study of reasoning, belief revision, learning, and intelligent interaction.
Logic and Abduction: Cognitive Externalizations in Demonstrative Environments
Authors: Magnani Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

In her book Abductive Reasoning Atocha Aliseda (2006) stresses the attention to the logical models of abduction, centering on the semantic tableaux as a method for extending and improving both the whole cognitive/philosophical view on it and on other more restricted logical approaches. I will describe the importance of increasing logical knowledge on abduction also taking advantage of some ideas coming from the so-called distributed cognition where logical models are seen as forms of cognitive externalizations of preexistent in-formal human reasoning performances
Abduction through semantic tableaux versus abduction through goal-directed proofs
Authors: Meheus Joke , Provijn Dagmar
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present the outline for a goal-directed proof procedure for abductive reasoning and compare this procedure with Aliseda's approach
Getting rid of the Ether. Could Physics have achieved it sooner, with better assistance from Philosophy?
Authors: Torretti Roberto
Published: February 2023

The history of the luminiferous ether is sketched with a view to ascertaining what factors may have kept this idea alive until 1905, when Einstein declared it superfluous.
Modelos, autoaplicación y máxima generalidad
Authors: Barrio Eduardo Alejandro
Published: February 2023

En este artículo, expongo algunas dificultades vinculadas con que la Teoría de Modelos pueda constituirse en una Teoría General de la Interpretación. Específicamente, argumento que si las interpretaciones son objetos, la autoaplicación (como un caso de aplicación de los recursos semánticos de la teoría de modelos para encontrar una interpretación con máxima generalidad) es imposible.
Conceptual schemes and empiricism: what Davidson saw and McDowell missed
Authors: Coll Marmol Jesús
Published: February 2023

En este artículo examino las posiciones de McDowell y Davidson acerca del dualismo de esquema y contenido. Defiendo que este dualismo no puede recuperarse de las críticas de Davidson incluso en la sugestiva forma defendida por McDowell. Defiendo que McDowell falla al evaluar el verdadero alcance y significado de los argumentos davidsonianos y que su empirismo mínimo no puede evitar algunos de los problemas que otras posiciones empiristas muestran
El atomismo inane de Galileo
Authors: Solís Carlos
Published: February 2023

Para Galileo la Naturaleza tenía estructura geométrica. El atomismo veía los sistemas físicos como estructuras matemáticas; pero el atomismo es discontinuo y las magnitudes, continuas. Para unificar física y matemáticas, compuso la materia de átomos inextensos y las magnitudes continuas de infinitos elementos indivisibles, lo que planteó problemas físicos y matemáticos irresolubles pero estimulantes
The Nonconceptual in Concept Acquisition
Authors: García Rodríguez Ángel
Published: February 2023

This article takes as its starting-point that a viable account of concept acquisition must be ontogenetically sound, and analyses in detail two alternative accounts of concept acquisition, one conceptualist and the other non-conceptualist, concluding that the conceptualist account is to be preferred.
The Case against Evaluative Realism
Authors: LÓPEZ DE SA Dan
Published: February 2023

In this paper I offer a characterization of evaluative realism, present the intuitive case against it, and offer two considerations to support it further: one concerning the internalist connection between values and motivation, and the other concerning the intuitive causal inefficacy of evaluative properties. The considerations ultimately rely on the former intuitions themselves, but are not devoid of interest, as they might make one revise what one took to be his own realistic supporting intuitions, if such one had.
The Philosophy behind Quantum Gravity
Authors: ZINKERNAGEL Henrik
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates some of the philosophical and conceptual issues raised by the search for a quantum theory of gravity. It is critically discussed whether such a theory is necessary in the first place, and how much would be accomplished if it is eventually constructed. I argue that the motivations behind, and expectations to, a theory of quantum gravity are entangled with central themes in the philosophy of science, in particular unification, reductionism, and the interpretation of quantum mechanics. I further argue that there are —contrary to claims made on behalf of string theory— no good reasons to think that a quantum theory of gravity, if constructed, will provide a theory of everything, that is, a fundamental theory from which all physics in principle can be derived.
Aspectos particularistas en el discurso modal
Authors: PÉREZ OTERO Manuel
Published: February 2023

Según el particularismo semántico modal la función referencial de los términos singulares —también cuando aparecen en enunciados modales— es irreducible mediante funciones descriptivas y lógicas. Kripke es quien ha defendido vigorosamente esa tesis; elucidamos en ese sentido su rechazo a cierta interpretación metafórica de los mundos posibles como lugares lejanos vistos con telescopios.
Language as an Emergent Function: Some Radical Neurological and Evolutionary Implications
Authors: DEACON Terrence W.
Published: February 2023

Language is a spontaneously evolved emergent adaptation, not a formal computational system. Its structure does not derive from either innate or social instruction but rather self-organization and selection. Its quasi-universal features emerge from the interactions among semiotic constraints, neural processing limitations, and social transmission dynamics.
Steiner versus Wittgenstein: Remarks on Differing Views of Mathematical Truth
Authors: SAYWARD Charles
Published: February 2023

Mark Steiner criticizes some remarks Wittgenstein makes about Gödel. Steiner takes Wittgenstein to be disputing a mathematical result. The paper argues that Wittgenstein does no such thing. The contrast between the realist and the demonstrativist concerning mathematical truth is examined. Wittgenstein is held to side with neither camp. Rather, his point is that a realist argument is inconclusive.
Two versions of minimal intuitionism with the CAP. A note.
Authors: ROBLES Gemma , MÉNDEZ José
Published: February 2023

La "Conversa de la Propiedad Ackermann" (CAP) es la no demostrabilidad de proposiciones puramente no-necesitivas a partir de proposiciones necesitivas. En nuestro trabajo definimos las dos restricciones básicas de la lógica intuicionista mínima con la CAP.
Los conceptos abiertos y la paradoja del análisis (Open concepts and the paradox of analysis)
Authors: PINTO Sílvio
Published: February 2023

En este artículo, rechazo algunas sugerencias de Michael Beaney y Michael Dummett sobre como resolver la paradoja del análisis: el aparente conflicto entre una explicación de la corrección y de la informatividad del análisis conceptual. Propongo el enfoque de los conceptos abiertos como la mejor manera de disolver la paradoja.
Estudio geométrico de AO 17264 (Geometric Study of Tablet AO 17264)
Authors: YUSTE Piedad
Published: February 2023

El ejercicio planteado en AO 17264 se compuso en el Período Casita y es un ejemplo de partición proporcional de figuras trapezoidales; en él se construye un triple trapecio bisecado. Su resolución pasa por el trazado de un diagrama, el mismo que se utilizó para determinar otras cuestiones relacionadas con trapecios.
Antidotes all the way down?
Authors: BIRD Alexander
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the question: can fundamental dispositions (which have no distinct causal basis) suffer from finks and antidotes? I use my response to shed light on the question: can the fundamental laws of physics be ceteris paribus laws?
A note on science and essentialism
Authors: DREWERY Alice
Published: February 2023

I argue that Bird's extension of Kripke-Putnam style essentialist arguments fail against Humeanism fail because a) they rely on controversial intuitions about the natures of substances which no Humean would accept and b) neither scientific practice nor particular empirical facts can determine the nature of causal necessity.
Truth matters: Normativity in thought and knowledge
Authors: DE PINEDO Manuel
Published: February 2023

A proposal to account for the objectivity of thought and language in terms of identity between facts, meanings and contents is offered. Furthermore, their normativity is related to their world involving character. Both proposals are jointly quietist: they avoid philosophical theorizing that explains thought in terms of world or viceversa.
Locke y Putnam sobre la referencia
Authors: Fernández Moreno Luis
Published: February 2023

La teoría causal formulada por Kripke y Putnam es la teoría semántica dominante de los términos de género natural y, en especial, de los términos de sustancia. La teoría semántica de los términos de sustancia de Locke ha sido, supuestamente, refutada por aquélla. Según Putnam, la teoría de Locke ha pasado por alto dos importantes contribuciones a la semántica, y principalmente a la referencia, de los términos de sustancia, a saber, la contribución de la sociedad y la del entorno. El objetivo de este artículo es argüir que la teoría de Locke puede incorporar la primera contribución y que alguien que en principio sostuviese una teoría como la de Locke podría verse llevado a aceptar también la segunda contribución.
Letter from the editor: Theoria (2003-2009)
Authors: Ibarra Andoni
Published: February 2023

.
The Reflexivity of Explicit Performatives
Authors: Corredor Cristina
Published: February 2023

The aim of this contribution is to propose a natural implementation of the reflexive-referential theory advanced by Perry 2001 that aims at accounting for the reflexive character of explicit performative utterances. This is accomplished by introducing a reflexive-performative constraint on explicit performatives.
FORUM: Miranda FRICKER's Epistemic Injustice. Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Authors: FRICKER Miranda
Published: February 2023

This paper summarizes key themes from my Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing (OUP, 2007); and it gives replies to commentators.
Normatividad semántica y reglas deónticas
Authors: García Suárez Alfonso
Published: February 2023

La tesis según la cual el significado es normative ha recibido diferentes formulaciones. En § 2 se introducen dos clases de formulaciones: las que emplean conceptos evaluativos y las que emplean conceptos deónticos. En § 3 se examinan las objeciones recientes de Hattiangadi a la posibilidad de una formulación en términos prescriptivos. § 4 contiene un intento de formular la tesis de la normatividad por medio de una regla en la que se emplean los conceptos deónticos de permisión y prohibición. En § 5 se hacen algunos comentarios breves sobre la regla propuesta.
Editor's Introduction: XIIth Taller d'Investigació en Filosofia
Authors: López Mireia
Published: February 2023

...
Pure intuition: Miranda Fricker on the economy of prejudice
Authors: ZAMORA BONILLA Jesús
Published: February 2023

Two aspects of Miranda Fricker's book are criticised: the implicit assumption that ethical theory can solve fundamental problems in epistemology, and the excessive reliance on testimony as a fundamental source of knowledge. Against the former, it is argued that ethical theories are based on cultural prejudices to a higher extent than epistemological theories. Against the latter, argumentation is proposed as a more important epistemic practice than testimony.
Singular Causation without Dispositions
Authors: García-Encinas M. J.
Published: February 2023

Is singular causation best understood within a dispositionalist framework? Although a positive answer has not yet been wholly developed, different philosophers have made some positive contributions suggesting that it is. Against these suggestions, I claim that any possible account of singular causation in terms of real, irreducible, dispositions conveys unsolvable flaws in its very metaphysical foundations.
Conceptualising Early Career Teachers’ Agency and Accounts of Social Action in Disadvantaged Schools
Authors:   CQUniversity, Kettle Margaret , Burnett Bruce ,   Australian Catholic University, Lampert Jo ,   Monash University, Comber Barbara ,   University of South Australia, Barnes Naomi ,   Queensland University of Technology
Published: February 2023

This article examines the accounts of actions undertaken by Early Career Teachers (ECTs) recently graduated from a social justice-oriented Initial Teacher Education (ITE) program and employed in complex school settings with high levels of student diversity, disadvantage, and poverty. The study drew on theories of teacher agency and agency more broadly to examine the workshadowing observations of the teachers’ practice in classrooms augmented by their reflective accounts in interviews. The study found that the ECTs’ agency, or contextualised social action, can be conceptualised as temporally embedded social engagement directed at addressing their students’ cultural, social and academic needs. The teachers drew on past learnings from their ITE program, committed to future-oriented innovations in teaching, and made in-the-present decisions about actions to resolve emergent contingencies such as resource shortages. We argue that these understandings are usefully enhanced by recognising contingency, consciousness, criticality and creativity as additional features of the teachers’ deliberative programs of action.
Effect of H-DLC coatings on direct acting cam-tappet friction forces
Authors: Ratamero Leandro , Vencovsky Paulo
Published: February 2023

In internal combustion engines, the valvetrain is responsible for up to 25% of the friction losses, at rotational frequencies below 2000 rpm. Important friction losses in valvetrain come from the contact between the cam and the tappet. Despite to manufacturer specifications for the engine lubricant, the lubricant viscosity can be changed under some conditions, affecting the cam-tappet contact forces. Also, the surface conditions of cam and tappet can affect these friction forces. This work presents a bench mono-valve experimental apparatus and results for frictional force investigations, using aged engine lubricant SN5W30, with viscosity modifications. The influence of a tappet crown coated with H-DLC is investigated, comparing to standard tappets. These experiments showed that, under specific experimental conditions, the friction forces between the cam and the tappet are the lowest with H-DLC application, for all lubricant viscosity applied.
Medida de Porosidade em Compósitos B4C-Nb por Meio de Análise e Processamento Digital de Imagem
Authors: Paulo Dornellas Marcos , Coelho da Silva Vinicio , Da Silva Abreu Getúlio , Perez Geronimo , Filgueira Marcello , Garcia Diniz Marília
Published: February 2023

Esforços constantes de pesquisa têm sido conduzidos na seleção de materiais com o intuito de combinar e aprimorar as propriedades de interesse, o tempo de vida útil e o custo de produção. Nesse contexto, o carbeto de boro (B4C) se destaca por possuir um elevado desempenho mecânico, sendo o material que possui a quarta maior dureza (>29,1GPa) entre os materiais cerâmicos. Entretanto, a porosidade é vista como fator limitador do alto desempenho desse grupo de materiais, ao qual o B4C se encontra. O controle da porosidade é usualmente realizado por meio de técnicas imprecisas, de medidas indiretas ou de alto custo para a sua quantificação. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar a porosidade de compósitos de carbeto de boro-nióbio (B4C-Nb) obtidos por processo de sinterização em alta pressão – alta temperatura (HPHT- high pressure high temperature) através de análise e processamento digital de imagens (PDI) obtidas por microscopia ótica (MO) após preparação da superfície com parâmetros controlados e automatizados. Os resultados obtidos por PDI foram comparados com valores de densidade relativa obtidos por método de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio. Os compósitos foram observados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e submetidos a análise química semi-quantitativa por Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) que confirmou os poros observados por MO.
Homogeneização Assintótica e Cálculo Fracionário na modelagem de meios micro-heterogêneos: uma introdução com o caso de uma barra funcionalmente graduada, microperiódica e linear
Authors: Da Silva Décio Júnior Roberto Martins , De Cezaro Adriano , Pérez-Fernández Leslie Darien
Published: February 2023

O estudo de materiais com estrutura complexa, como os funcionalmente graduados, tem cada vez mais chamado a atenção, seja pela dificuldade em obter os resultados ou pela importância de tais materiais em diversos ramos da indústria. Neste trabalho, o Método de Homogeneização Assintótica e ferramentas do Cálculo Fracionário são aplicados para modelar o comportamento um material micro-heterogêneo, como os funcionalmente graduados. O interesse principal desse trabalho é encontrar uma forma de associar ambas metodologias, que têm fornecido bons resultados quando aplicadas em problemas envolvendo estruturas complexas, mas de forma separada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que cada metodologia reproduz diferentes aspectos do fenômeno: a Homogenização está nos detalhes da microestrutura, enquanto que a derivada fracionária se ocupa de um comportamento macroscópico, cuja natureza pode ser dissipativa. Aqui estão resultados importantes, porém uma abordagem mais profunda e diversificada é necessária a fim de fornecer conclusões mais fortes e generalizadas acerca do tema.
Evaluation of Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Hybrid Cellulose Acetate Membranes using Isoconversional Methods
Authors: Ferreira Gesiane Mendonça , Herdi Daniella da Silva , Da Silveira Kelly Cristine , Gonçalves M. Clara , Andrade Mônica Calixto
Published: February 2023

Cellulose acetate membranes are widely used in industry, emphasizing water purification processes, such as desalination. With some limiting mechanical properties, the synthesis of hybrid membranes appears as an alternative for developing high-performance materials. For its application, knowledge of thermal stability is crucial. In this work, the thermal degradation kinetics of AC-SiO2-(CH2)3NH2 hybrid cellulose acetate membranes are evaluated from thermogravimetric analysis, at three heating rates, 5, 10, and 20°C/min. The isoconversional methods proposed by Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman were used for the present study of degradation kinetics. It was observed that insertion of silicon to polymeric structure promoted thermal stability to the membrane, presenting higher activation energy than pure cellulose acetate membrane, increasing from 240.28 to 1039.01 KJ/mol, using the method of Friedman. In contrast, the increase in nitrogen concentration decreases its thermal stability compared to the cellulose acetate membrane with incorporated silicon, reducing the activation energy from 1039.01 to 250.50 KJ/mol. However, it is more stable than the pure cellulose acetate membrane. The evaluation carried out in this study explained the influence of the minimum variation in the chemical composition against the thermal stability of hybrid membranes, being a factor of great importance for its application.
Modelagem Computacional Contribuindo para Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Cacaueira
Authors: Sales Jorge Henrique , Oliveira Francisco Bruno Souza , Segundo Gesil Sampaio Amarante , Jesus Gildson Queiroz de , Santos Everton , Soglia Luiz , Brito Rafaela Cristina
Published: February 2023

Este artigo apresenta três projetos que após muitas pesquisas e estudos dentro do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional em Ciência e Tecnologia (PPGMC-UESC), resultaram em dissertações. Os projetos que serão mostrados, são resultados de dedicação e aperfeiçoamento profissional que trazem para a sociedade as viabilidades e as praticidades das alternativas tecnológicas para serem aplicadas na agricultura do cacau. O primeiro projeto propõe uma tecnologia para secagem de grãos de amêndoas utilizando energia solar. Neste primeiro projeto, descrevemos uma estufa vertical preenchida com bandejas sobrepostas ao longo de sua altura; estas bandejas contêm uma camada de amêndoas frescas. O segundo projeto apresenta um sistema que capta a energia solar através de uma série de coletores parabólicos, convertendo luz em energia térmica e, através de um fluido de trabalho, transfere o calor para um tanque de armazenamento de energia térmica (TES). A energia acumulada de um recipiente de sal é usada para aquecer a corrente de ar durante a noite, secando as sementes de cacau uniformemente. O terceiro projeto investiga os fatores que influenciam a produção de biogás gerado em um biodigestor para a produção de energia elétrica em uma fazenda de cacau. Estes projetos contribuem com tecnologias alternativas aplicáveis na produção de cacau na região Sul da Bahia e ajudam os produtores a aumentar seus conhecimentos em favor de uma produção de qualidade e competitiva, demonstrando assim o impacto social do programa acadêmico para a sociedade.
Stigma, Tolerance, and Acceptance in the Lives of Sexual and Gender Minority Nebraskans
Authors: Holt Natalie R. , Price Sarah , Mocarski Richard , Obasi Sharon , Huit Terrence Z. , Weekley Tiff , Hall Margeret , Rajaram Shireen S. , Hope Debra A.
Published: February 2023

Experiences of stigma and acceptance profoundly affect the lives of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals and are often dependent on context, such as geographic location. Through interviews with twenty sexual and gender minority individuals living in Nebraska, this study aimed to explore participants’ experiences of rejection and acceptance in different spheres to better understand how stigma operates. Thematic analysis revealed primary themes of Stigma and Discrimination and Signs of Support. However, reports of stigma and acceptance were often complex and intertwined. For example, participants described that receiving support from others categorized as merely “tolerant” is positive, given their expectations of rejection when living in a politically conservative state. These findings offer a contextualized understanding of how stigma and support affect SGM individuals at individual, interpersonal, community, and political levels in an underserved state.