bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactivation For Compression Springs Steel Type ASTM – A232.
Authors: حميد جعفر محمد , هادي عناد موجد , رزاق مجيد سعد
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research is the reactivation of secondhand ((scrap)) steel compression springs, which used in one of private plastic factory, by applying the heat - treatment with three methods. 1- Quenching only. 2- Quenching and tempering. 3- Annealing , quenching and tempering.Were doing in the under supply conditions. The microstructures inspected for the specimen from any model by 500 X. The compression and hardness tests for the secondhand springs have done before and after the heat - treatment process and compare each one with the standard specification of springs. The best results for hardness and stiffness tests , and nearer for standard specification of springs . Which obtained at [50.8 HRC ] and stiffness is [31.6] N/ mm that is at applied the third model from the heat - treatment [ Annealing + Quenching + Tempering ].
Effect of Recycling on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of High Impact Polystyrene
Authors: Shubbar Sawsan D
Published: June 2023

High impact polystyrene (HIPS) was subjected to repeated thermal and shear stresses by different methods, using a high pressure capillary Rheometer, a laboratory extruder and a Brabender plasticorder. The results showed that the recycling of HIPS caused a decrease in the shear stresses and consequently in the viscosity at constant shear rate. The high pressure capillary Rheometer gave a greater decrease than with the Brabender plasticorder. Tensile strength values were progressively decreased with the laboratory extruder, but increased in the case of Brabender mixer; the elongation was decreased in both cases. This work was then applied in a local plant to compare experimental and actual results.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF GLASS ADDITION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC AND PVC/PMMA BLENDS.
Authors: Mohamed Haider S. , Hussein Mudhaffar Y. , Abbas Sumayah M. , Kassid Sabah A.
Published: June 2023

Thermal analysis techniques were conducted for testing and evaluation of different polymeric samples. Pure samples (such as PVC and PMMA) and composites (with soda-lime glass; powder as filler ) were examined and tested for Tg, thermal expansion and Young modulus (E). Two updating instruments where used for this purpose. Differential scanning calometry (DSC) for pure polymers and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) for composites. Differential scanning calometry (DSC) testing for sample of polyvinyle chloride (PVC) explain decrease of glass temperature (Tg) from (80.6°C) to (31°C) for the same polymer solved by (THF) solvent and dry it at (100°C). Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) for (PVC/glass) composites appears increase of glass temperature (Tg) with high decrease of Young modulus (E) and transform its mechanical properties from elastic to plastic. Adding the polymer poly mathylemethacrylate to composites (PVC/glass) was lightly effect to glass transition (Tg) and elastic modulus at low ratio of (PMMA) in composite, while the composite (PVC/PMMA/glass) appears elastomer properties when the (PMMA) ratio was 37% in in composite.
NEW SHEAR STRENGTH MODEL OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS
Authors: Ammash Haider K.
Published: June 2023

The study aims to present a new model to determine the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams. The shear strength predictions of the proposed model are compared with the experimental data collected from 49 simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams, loaded with concentrated loads located at a distance a from face of support. The comparison shows that the proposed model can accurately predict shear strength of deep beams with (0.83 to 1.34) shear span-to-depth ratios. The present model take into account some effects such as different span to depth ratio, different concrete strengths, and different horizontal and vertical web reinforcement so different spacing of horizontal and vertical web reinforcement and effect of flexural reinforcement. The results of the present model give best agreement with experimental results than the other methods.
Types of Failure in Cellular Concrete Blocks (Thermostone)
Authors: Hussain Ali A.
Published: June 2023

Cellular or aerated autoclaved concrete blocks ( called Thermostone in Iraq ) may undergoes several problems during and after manufacturing ,these problems cost both time and money. The present work aims to determine the main types and causes of failure occurred in cellular concrete blocks (Thermostone) during and after production process. Physical and mechanical tests, chemical analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction technique were conducted to investigate the main causes of failures and to suggest solutions. The results showed that the complete reaction (Hydrogen bubbles formation) between lime (CaO) , water ,and Aluminum powder always occurs when the minimum reaction temperature is 43 oC or more, No observed reaction took place when the hydration temperature was less than 40 oC . Aluminum powder diameter of (50-100) µm was found to be suitable for best product properties. X- Ray diffraction results showed a presence of detrimental components causing moisture spots and excessive expansion in both green and autoclaved products. Controlling raw materials, increasing autoclaving period from 10 to 14 hours or adding up to 5% limestone aggregate are essential to get a product fulfills the specifications requirements
SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ROUNDNESS ERROR PREDICTION MODELS IN TURNING LOW CARBON STEEL
Authors: ALRABII SAMIR A. , S. MUTHANNA H.
Published: June 2023

Cutting tests were conducted to longitudinally turn low carbon steel using HSS tools with cutting fluid. The experimental design used was based on response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable (CCD) design. The primary cutting tests confirmed the use of proper specimen design with length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 2 in the subsequent cutting tests of this research. Further cutting tests were carried out to turn low carbon steel with L/D=2 to determine the effect of using different cutting conditions on the surface roughness and roundness error (out of roundness) of the machined surfaces. At the end of each cutting test, the surface roughness and roundness error measurements were taken and analyzed using “DESIGN EXPERT 8” experimental design software. Mathematical models of responses (surface roughness and roundness error) as functions of the conditions (cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut) were obtained and studied. A quadratic predicted model for surface roughness showed that the feed, cutting speed and their squares and interactions were more effective than the depth of cut because of its little influence on the surface roughness. Also, the resultant two-factor interaction (2FI) model for roundness error exhibited that cutting speed, feed and the interaction of feed and speed were significant parameters, while the depth of cut had no effect. The predicted models indicated that at higher cutting speed and various feed levels, both responses decreased, resulting in a smooth machined surface with lower roundness error. But, both models exhibited that at lower cutting speed and higher feeds, the surface roughness and roundness error increased, producing a rough machined surface with higher out of roundness error.
تحضير فلز الخارصين من محلول كبريتات الخارصين بالاسلوب الكهروكيميائي
Authors: يوسف عبدالرضا جميل
Published: June 2023

Experimental result are presented for the preparation of zinc metal from Zinc Sulphate solution using electrochemical process. Laboratory cell which equipped with lead anode and aluminum cathode, was designed and utilized to obtain experimental result which was necessary for proceeding of the designated objective of this work. In the present experiment about 121 gm.-Zn / L solution was electrolyzed batch-wise at a current density rang 0.03-0.1 Amp./cm2 at a temperature of 40 to 45 ◦C. The effect of electrolytes concentration and the final concentration of zinc ions and sulphuric acid formed were also tested. The current efficiency of about 92% was obtained for 75% zinc ions conversion, at optimum condition mainly current density of 0.08 Amp./cm2 ,temperature of about 40 ◦C. The above current efficiency is similar to that reported in related studies.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE VIERENDEEL TRUSSES
Authors: Shaker Qassim Shaker M. , Kamonna Hayder H. H. , Attia Mohammed A.
Published: June 2023

This paper considers the practical application of nonlinear models in the analysis of Vierendeel truss. Results of some analyses performed using the reinforced concrete model of the general purpose finite element code ANSYS which had been obtained from previous works are presented and discussed. An incremental loading procedure is adopted following step by step nonlinear response. ANSYS program has the ability to use conventional Newton-Raphson (N-R), full (N-R) and modified (N-R) Procedure to perform the analysis process. The defaulted choice (program chosen) is used in this work which allows for automatically chosen of the most suitable method. Number of sub-steps for each case was changed until converged solution and full load deflection curve were obtained. Good agreement with the experimental tests of some previous studies was obtained using ANSYS solution. The maximum difference with the experimental test is found to be less than 10%.  The effect of shear transfer coefficients of an open and a closed cracks are also studied. It was found that changing shear transfer coefficient of an open crack has more effect than changing of closed crack on the behavior of Vierendeel truss.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER OF LAMINAR FLUID IN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE WITH OPENINGS IN THE SIDE
Authors: Fadel Abed Angam
Published: June 2023

An analysis of mixed convection heat transfer inside a rectangular enclosure with side openings was numerically examined. The fluid enters the enclosure through an opening in the left vertical wall and exits from another opening placed in the right vertical wall. Two-dimensional Navier-Stockes equations are solved by using control volume based finite element technique .For mixed convection, the significant parameters are Grasfof number, Richrason number, and Reynolds number by which different fluid and heat transfer characteristics inside the enclosure are obtained. Streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number ,maximum temperature and other parameters of the heated wall are reported in the present study for Ri=0 to 10,Re=50,100,500,1000,Pr=0.7 to 100 and different aspect ratios. The computational results indicate that the heat transfer coefficient is strongly affected by Reynolds number and Richarson number. Higher Nusselt number is observed at large value of Pr. The comparison of the present results has been made are found in good agreement with known results.
The Median U-Turn Intersection Treatment (MUTIT) as an Alternative for Congestion at Intersections
Authors: Hassan Khawla H. , Hussain Nibras A.
Published: June 2023

Throughout urban and suburban areas, congestion at intersections going continuously to worsen, especially, in such high religious tourism cities like Najaf city. One potential treatment to combat congestion and safety problems at intersections is the Median U-Turn Intersection Treatment (MUTIT), which has been used worldwide extensively for many years and has been implemented successfully in recent years.
 This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the MUTIT as alternative to conventional, un-signalized and signal-controlled intersections with left turns permitted. Furthermore, presents the design guidelines including the location and design of the median crossovers on the major roads. Many of the guidelines presented here are from the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), and the 2004 AASHTO Green Book (AASHTO2004) The paper also takes three intersections in Najaf city in traffic volume counting, evaluation as intersection controls by roundabout once and by traffic signal in another, and discusses application criteria for the MUTIT, and presents how the performance of intersections, can be improved.
Experimental study of low velocity impact response of composite honeycomb core sandwich beams.
Authors: K. R. Samira , Salman C. Jumaa , Jawad A. Husam
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research is to investigate the low-velocity impact response of different types of sandwich beams. The test beams were subjected to low- velocity impact loading using drop mass setup, at three energy levels. The data were collected for each specimen, which included time, force, deflection, and energy.
 The absorbed energy was evaluated and compared for different types of sandwich beams. Qusi-static tensile and flexural tests were performed to obtain the mechanical properties of the face sheets and the core. The results showed that the specimens with face sheets of fiber at 90º had the maximum peak impact force and deflection, while the specimens with face sheet of random fiber had the minimum peak impact force and deflection. Concerning the absorbed energy, it was maximum in the specimens with random fiber face sheets and minimum in the type with unidirectional fiber 90º face sheets.
Investigation of salt contamination effects on the performance characteristics of the evacuated tubes solar water heater
Authors: Abdulhussain Mustafa Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The influence of salt layer contamination of thickness below (2 mm) on solar evacuated tubes water heater performance parameters was investigated experimentally in several operating weather conditions on October and November 2011 at Baghdad location taking into consideration the effect of ambient conditions and collector inclination angle. It was concluded that the salt thickness have a minor effect on the collector efficiency, water circulation in the tubes and the heat loss coefficient from the storage tank. While on the other hand, the collector angle and the ambient have a greater effect on the above-mentioned parameters.
PATTERN SYNTHEISS OF LINEAR PHASE ARRAY USING ARTIFICIAL NEAURAL NETWORK BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Hussein Manaf K. , Abbas Riyadh A. , Tayeb Ali A.
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on the antenna synthesis of uniformly spaced linear phase array using artificial neural network (ANN) based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The weights of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are trained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Subsequently the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied in order to select the "global best" ANNs for the future investment decisions and to adapt the weights of other networks towards the weights of the best network. Chebyshev method is used to compare with this approach. Although, Chebyshev method is able to generate perfectly leveled side lobes, PSONN does not have the phenomena of up-swing in edges amplitude of the excitation and grating lobes does not appear in PSONN when the distances between elements are increased.  The basic rule is to alter the weights (current distributions of elements) such that the error between the output values and the target values (desired values) is minimized. In this paper, single layer feed forward neural network with PSO training is used.
IMPROVEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPANSIVE SOILS USING CEMENT
Authors: Salman Alaa Dawood
Published: June 2023

Expansive soils are distributed in many regions in world. (including Iraq),particularly in semiarid regions with alternating wet and dry seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to study the geotechnical properties of such soils due to the possible large damage of structures founded and constructed on this soil. The soil used in this research is from Abu-Ghreab site.This paper reports the outcome of an investigation into the effect of cement on geotechnical properties of expansive soil, to ascertain its suitability for use as a modifier or stabilizer in the treatment of the soil. Classification, consistency indices, specific gravity, compaction, direct shear, and swell percentage and swell pressure tests, were conducted on specimens of expansive soil. Results of tests showed that the soil was a CH soil, according to the USCSclassification system.Liquid limit , plastic limit and plasticity index are reduced by adding 8% of cement , at optimum moisture content the maximum dry density value increase with increase the percentage of cement adding to the expensive soil and conducting direct shear test, an obvious increase is noticed in the amounts of cohesion (C) and internal friction angle (Ø) .While swell percentage decreases by adding cement and while the swell pressure decreases to the half of its original values.
INFLUNCE OF WATER CURING TEMPERATURE ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SCC PRODUCED FROM RECYCLED AGGREGATES.
Authors: Al - Abdalay Nadia M.
Published: June 2023

The utilization of recycled aggregates can minimize environmental impact and slow the huge consumption of natural resources used for concrete applications. However, recycled aggregates are not suitable for use in the production of High Performance Concrete (HPC) due to their relatively high absorption capacity, unstable properties and recycled aggregates' weaker strength. Such inadequacies can be overcome through carefully examining the characteristics of recycled aggregates and then adopting proper mixture proportions. The mechanical properties of self compacting concrete (SCC) are well understood. Butthere are no scientific investigations available on the influence of a heat water treatment on the properties of SCC produced from recycle aggregate. To evaluated the influence on the mechanical properties five mixture were designed, SCC without recycled concrete aggregateand four ( SCC with 25% recycled concrete aggregate SCC with 50% recycled concrete aggregate,SCC with 75% recycled concrete aggregateand SCC with 100% recycled concrete aggregate) and exposed to heat of treatment water with different temperatures ( 40-100 )Cₒ. It has been found that there is possible to produce SCC with various percentage of recycled concrete by using a suitable dosage of SP which was a major component in producing good quality RCA( recycled concrete aggregate ). Also found an influence of the composition of the concrete, especially the quantity of recycle aggregate and heat of curing water on mechanical properties of concrete (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength).
PREDICTION OF TIGRIS RIVER DISCHARGE IN BAGHDAD CITY USING ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Al Aboodi Ali H.
Published: June 2023

Â Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), with three layers feed- forward network of sigmoid hidden neurons and linear output neurons are performed for predicting Tigris River flow in Baghdad City, middle of Iraq. The network is trained with Levenberg-Marquradt back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden neurons is estimated according to trial and error procedure. The best model is selected according to trial and error procedure based on root mean square error and coefficient of correlation. The selected model is used to predicate the river discharge for one, two, and three months ahead. Results indicate that the ANNs with Levenberg-Marquradt back-propagation algorithm are a powerful tool for forecasting the river discharge for short term duration. But this ability begins to decrease when increasing the period of forecasting.
DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR INFLUENCE OF CAVITIES ON SEEPAGE UNDER SHEET PILE WALL FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Maatooq Jaafar S. , Aziz Laith J. , Musa Taghreed A. Almahdee
Published: June 2023

The research presents an experimental study of the interaction between cavity and adjacent hydraulic structure in sandy soil. Experimental studies were performed to investigate the effects of the different factors (such as cavity locations and size of the cavity) on the quantity of the seepage, steady time and flow line . Different sizes and locations of the cavity are investigated in flow media. It was found the diameter of the cavity is an important parameter.Dimensional analysis techniques and (STATISTICA) program were used for finding new formula with based on the experimental data, which are used to compute the quantity of seepage.This formula was derived to predict the quantity of the seepage in terms of spacing between the sheet pile wall and center of the cavity in upstream and downstream zones, spacing between water level and center of the cavity in upstream and downstream zones.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE U-TURN DESIGN AT MEDIAN OPENINGS IN IRAQ: Al-NAJAF CITY AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Al-Jameel Hamid Athab
Published: June 2023

Field observations indicate that left turning vehicles at U-turn sections lead to a significantly bottleneck (congestion) at both origin and destination (opposing) roads. The bottlenecks have been observed in several U-turns such as Kufa –Najaf U-turn sections, Najaf –Karbala U-turn sections. It was found that left turn flow from U-turn leads to high congestion on both origin and destination roads. Therefore, field improvements have been done by the traffic policemen who create a temporary barrier from traffic plastic signs in order to protect left turning vehicles from through traffic in opposing direction. This study introduces new design for U-turn in order to protect both turning and through trafficto increase the level of performance. This design has been tested by using simulation model. The developed model (S-Paramics) has been calibrated using field data collected from Al-Najaf city. Then, the validation for the developed model has been implemented using another set of field data. Finally, the simulation model has been adopted to test the new design for U-turn. It was found that the new design gives higher capacity than the current design.
EVALUATION THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF FIBROUS REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP STRIPS
Authors: F. Sarsam Kaiss , A. Al-Mishhadani Shakir , M. Al-Habbobi Alaa
Published: June 2023

A new expression for estimating the ultimate shear strength of steel fibers reinforced high strength concrete (SFRHSC) beams strengthened with CFRP strips based on previous researches is proposed in this research. The proposed expression covers different characteristics and principal parameters such as concrete compressive strength, shear span to effective depth ratio, volume fraction of steel fibers, CFRP amount and distribution, CFRP stiffness, deep beam effect, as well as the end anchorage state of the CFRP strips with the beam. A comparison between computed values and experimentally observed values (with a low COV of about 3.58 %) shows the validation of the proposed theoretical treatment.
DESIGN OF OPEN SOURCE STRAIGHT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR
Authors: Ridha Amel A. , Jabber Haider H.
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with the attraction and repulsion properties of the magnetic field of permanent magnets in order to produce reciprocating motion in a member of magnetizing material. The essential idea of this work have started by putting a string of eight magnets type (Nd Fe 35) spaced by equal spaces placed on the axis between two series of same magnet type each string consists of nine magnets pieces spaced apart vacuum. Series of internal and external were organized with different opposite polarity north and south that created a series of free movement of internal series between the two external strings. First of all, designed magnetic motor rectal movement consisting of two fixed (for external strings) and one moving part (Series Interior) analysis was done and its operation was analyzed. In addition, equations that describe the magnetic field arising from the moving part were modified by using two-dimensional computer model. The (femm) program was used for modeling the distribution of density, and DS Solid Works program to study and calculate the magnetic flux density, field strength and torque generated.
TWO DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING OF FLOW IN TRAPEZOIDAL BEND CHANNEL USING SPUR DIKE
Authors: Khassaf Saleh I. , Saeed Samiya Ghaffar
Published: June 2023

A two-dimensional hydraulic flow model was developed using the SMS software (Surface Water Modeling System) to simulate the flow properties(thalweg line location) for meander in trapezoidal section channel, and its changes when a single emerge spur dike install at mid of the bend. The model was calibrated and verified through matching velocity profiles throughout the study reach. Thalweg line location were found due to the variation of spur dike characteristic including 180 runs, included five different ratios of spur dike length to top channel width (L/Tw), five ratios of spur dike arm to its body length (l/L), and two spur arm`s direction for four different flow rates, as a result, through the flow configuration the new location of the thalweg in the bend channel after using the spur dike was about (44-71)%Tw which mainly affected by spur body length.
EFFECT OF CERAMIC POWDER (CP) ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DRYING SHRINKAGE CRACKS OF CEMENT MORTAR
Authors: Al-Khafaji Basim T. , Behaya Samiya A.
Published: June 2023

This investigation is conducted to study the effect of addition of ceramic powder (CP) on drying shrinkage cracks and compressive strength of cement mortar. Steel molds having a trapezoidal section, and the end restrained at square shape used to study restrained drying shrinkage of cement mortar. Specimens of compressive strength, density, were cast. The admixture (CP) was used as addition with three levels of (2%, 4% and 8%) by weight of dry cement. All specimens were cured for (14 days). Average of six results was taken for any test of compressive strength and density. The experimental results showed that the adding of this admixture cause a delay in a formation of cracks predicted from a drying shrinkage, increase compressive strength at levels of (4%) of admixture and cause the decreasing in the density of cement mortar Specimens. The increment in compressive strength at level (4%) was (6.11%), but at level of (8%) it was decreased by (3.9%). The admixture has the visible effect in delay of the information of shrinkage cracks and decrease of its number.
THE EFFECT OF SOIL CAVITY ON LATERALLY LOADED SINGLE PILE BY USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Nadher H.
Published: June 2023

The research presents a numerical study of the interaction between single cavity and adjacent pile in homogenous sandy soil by utilizing an efficient finite element formulation. A square cross sectionalconcrete pile, with (9) m length and (0.6) m width, hasbeen used. The interface layer between pile and surrounding soil was represented by thin layer element.The research results indicate that, in the direction perpendicular to the direction of applied load, where the ratio between the distance from the cavity to the pile and cavity length (measured in the same direction), is equal or more than (1.7)the effect of cavity can be neglected. While the values of the maximum bending moment decrease with increasing of the above mentioned ratio, and it became constant when the ratio ≥(2.0). The deformations around cavity increases with increasing lateral load and decreasing the above mentioned ratio, particularly in the nearest side of pile and these deformations are constant when the ratio ≥ (2.0).
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE PLASTELIZED BY CHLOROPHYLL
Authors: Sultan Abdulawahab A. , Al-Mosawi Mohammed H.Ali , Mousa Hanaa K.
Published: June 2023

There are many of industrial plasticizers materials used to improve mechanical properties of polypropylene. In this study chlorophyll, natural pigment is used. Its eco â€“ friend and not toxic material, extracted from plants. The chlorophyll, natural pigment is extracted and mixed with polypropylene with following weight percentages (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0), then extruded as a sheet by screw extrusion machine. The mechanical properties of specimens are examined by mechanical testing, such as (Tensile test, Impact test).
The results showed improvements in mechanical properties of polypropylene plasticized by chlorophyll. Where it gives ultimate tensile strength of (32.64, 33.972, 44.63, 40.633, 33.306, and 45.962) Mpa, the modulus of elasticity of (439.27, 1040, 1195.63, 700, 1785, and1525) Mpa, the maximum elongation % at fracture of (24.46, 16.182, 19.632, 61.584, 17.587, and 12.121) mm/mm %, and impact strength of (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.355, 0.24, and 0.2) Joule, respectively with each chlorophyll addition weight percent wt%.
The polypropylene blend consisting chlorophyll of 0.5 wt % presents significant improvements of mechanical properties, high ductility,Â  and impact strength, suitable ultimate strength, and modulus of elasticity.Â
IMPROVEMENT OF LOOSE GRANULAR SOIL BY USING GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Fakhraldin Mohammed Kadum
Published: June 2023

There are several uses of granular soils in civil engineering works such as but not limited to under foundations structures, subbase course of roads, unpaved roads and soil embankments. This research attempts to overcome the problems of low-quality (by means of strength) of granular soil by enhancing California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test by utilizing geogrid. The research aim's to investigate the potential benefits of using the geogrid to improve CBR of granular soil. The results of tests showed that the granular soil under study was inferior than the materials comply on class C of Iraqi specifications for granular soil material. On the other hand, using of geogrid type Tensar SS2 at 0.15H (where H the total thickness of granular material samples) improves extremely the CBR value of the granular soil as it is increased by about three times in comparison with untreated soil.
NEURAL NETWORK PREDICTION OF CONFINED PEAK STRESSES OF RC COLUMNS
Authors: Al-Shather Luay M.
Published: June 2023

The research presents ANN ("Artificial Neural Networks") estimation of confined peak strength for R.C columns. The modeling of the strength of reinforced concrete columns by uses of the (FEM) finite element method gets many difficulties, starting in geometric representation down to nonlinearities due to loads. The use of neural networks trained well can give us a model that can be utilized as an alternative and successful model for those columns. Experimental sets of data for concrete of square and circular concrete columns were gathered from many researches to develop an Artificial Neural Network formula as input data set parameters consist of ultimate strengths, size of mainly longitudinal and ties reinforcements, compressive concrete strength, thickness of concrete cover for reinforcement, specimen geometric dimension, and stirrup bars spacing. Confined Peaking Compressive Strength (CPCS) of square and circular concrete columns is predicted by neural networks technique and sorted with analytical models and found that they are scientifically accepted. The prediction was performed by package program (Mat Lap).
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH RC SLABS WITH OPENING STRENGTHENING WITH WIRE MISH AND STEEL FIBERS
Authors: H.Chkheiwer Aqeel , D.Abdullah Mazen
Published: June 2023

This paper consists of experimental study on ability of use of wire mish strengthening and steel fiber to recover the flexural strength of the slab after configuring openings cut out with different shapes. 15 slabs (800*800*95 mm) made of high strength concrete were prepared and tested, these slabs were divided to gropes, the first group was with square openings, the second group with was rectangular openings. For each group, two different strengthening techniques were used wire mish (with different layers and widths) strips around openings and steel fibers (with four contents of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1% by volume fraction). The results showed that the two strengthening techniques increased the load-carrying capacities of the slabs with openings compared with the slabs without strengthening. The wire mish was more effective than the steel fibers technique. Wire mish and steel fiber reduced the cracks at the inside faces of opening and also wire mish prevent it at the inside corners.
EVALUATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE USING AGGREGATES IN IRAQ
Authors: S. Amin Rizgar , M. Rashied Samal
Published: June 2023

There are numbers of equations to evaluate the modulus of elasticity by current codes and researchers. This paper aims in developing an empirical equation to evaluate the modulus of elasticity for High Strength Concrete (HSC) considering the Iraqi aggregates used in producing the HSC. The analysis consider 78 tests from the available literature using Iraqi aggregates with a wide range of compressive strength of concrete from 41 to 83.3 MPa. The comparisons between the proposed equation here and the current codes ACI 318-14, EC2-02 and the equation by Noguchi show that for the ACI 318-14, there is an overestimation of 80% of the tests that are below it, while EC2 values are too conservative as they are below 78% of test results. The equation by Noguchi et al. showed better evaluations as it is very close to the proposed equation. More tests are required to finalize the developed equation, which cover all the parameters influecing modulus of elasticty in the produced HSC.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECT AND CURING TIME ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF ADHESIVE JOINTS BY POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE PVP K30
Authors: Diwan Abbas Ali , F. Hassan Abdul Kareem , M. Thahab Sabah
Published: June 2023

This research represents an experimental work to study the effect of temperature and curing time on the shear strength of adhesive joints by polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVP k30. In this work, shear strength of the adhesive made from dissolving 8 grams of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (k30) in 50 ml of ethanol alcohol high purity 99.9% was studied. This study focused on the effect of temperature and curing time under pressure of a fixed rate of 5 MPa. Therefore, the effect of five temperatures (200, 215, 225, 235 and 250) Â°C for different times (10, 20 and 30) minutes under the influence of the same pressure in all cases was studied by taking pictures of samples using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was inferred that the best resistance obtained at a temperature of 225 Â°C and time of 10 minutes, reaching overhead hanging to 1669 N, that there is an increase in the resistance of the adhesive with the increase in temperature and up to 225 Â°C, and then there is a decrease in the resistance and up to 250 Â°C at the time of 10 minutes.
A prospective study to assess for the prognostic value of tumour volume reduction rate in head and neck cancer, during definitive chemo-radiation in a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: SANTHOSHA KULAL  , BHASKAR VISHWANATHAN  , GEETA SN
Published: June 2023

Tumour volume (TV) is an important factor influencing Radiation therapy(RT) outcome of patients. Logically, total dose and its fractionation should be tailored to the initial number of tumor cells which strongly correlated with tumor volume (TV) rather than to the tumor diameter or stage T. Aims and objectives: To assess tumour volume reduction rate weekly in patients with biopsy proven head and neck cancers treated with definitive chemo-radiation ant to correlate with histology haemoglobin and BMI . Methods and Materials: All oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer patients meeting inclusion criteria were included after obtaining informed written consent. All patients received definitive chemoradiation with weekly CT scanning of head and neck for the assessment of tumour and nodal volume response to chemoradiation. Tumour volume was contoured every week on CT scanning images. Tumour volume response rate (TVRR) was calculated. Results: Fourty patients were recruited. Most tumours were MDSCC accounting for 55%. Phase 1 TVRR was marginal which steeply increase 3rd week onwards during chemoradiation. In the phase 2, TVRR increased markedly. The mean TVRR on week 7 for WDSCC, MDSCC and PDSCC were 14.38 ± 7.01%, 15.01 ± 7.95% and 19.82 ± 10.44% respectively. The maximum TVRR was observed on the 7 th week of treatment which is the last week of treatment period. Patients with PDSCC had higher TVRR . Conclusion: Our study demonstrated TVVR increased markedly third week onwards and it was found to be maximum at 7th week .
Factors affecting consumers buying decision behavior via online media
Authors: Supatcha Meedanphai  , Jayasurya T  , Swapna
Published: June 2023

At present, the electronic commerce business (e-commerce) has grown steadily due to advanced technology. Consumers can access the internet conveniently and quickly, right at their fingertips. Entrepreneurs in various businesses also see that, at this time, e-commerce is the main sales channel to reach consumers. Especially doing e-commerce through applications because of the ease of use. It has a variety of payment systems, including a product management system and delivery to the destination with payment, which facilitates consumers' convenience and gives them more confidence in the system of ordering products through online applications. The purpose of this research is to study the personal factors of consumers buying fashion clothes via Instagram, personal factors related to consumer behaviour, and online promotion strategies related to consumer behaviour. Including factors in the marketing mix and factors in technology acceptance, namely product factors, price distribution channels, marketing promotion, and technology acceptance security, reliability, and personalised service. That affects the decision to buy products via Instagram for the benefit of selling products online.
Involvement of opioid antagonists on COX-2 activity
Authors: Hugo F. Miranda  , Viviana Noriega  , Valeria Valdivia  , Francisca Moreno  , Vicente Aguilera  , Fernando Sierralta  , Juan Carlos Prieto
Published: June 2023

Pain is a complex process involving complex molecular and cellular mechanisms and pharmacotherapeutic strategies including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The main mechanism of action of them, both for their adverse and therapeutic effects, is the inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COXs), one of its isoforms is COX-2 with selective inhibitors such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, and etoricoxib. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nociceptive interaction of COX-2 NSAIDs with other drugs due to the scarce information available in this regard. Antinociception was assessed by the formalin hind paw test evaluated from dose-response curves obtained before and after the i.p. administration of 1,0 mg/kg of naltrexone (NTX), or naltrindole (NTI), or nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) in the assay, using at least 6-8 animals for each of at least 4 doses. Analgesic ratio (AR) expressed as the relation between ED50 of phase II / phase I of FHP indicates the following order of relative potency: celecoxib > parecoxib > etoricoxib. Administration of naltrexone or naltrindole induced a significant reduction of the analgesic activity of celecoxib, etoricoxib and parecoxib, reflected by an increase in the respective ED50 in both phases of FHP assay. However, norbinaltorphimine lack of effect. The results of the work demonstrate that opioid receptors MOR and DOR play a key role in coxib-induced antinociception in the FHP trial and while the KOR opioid receptor seems not to be involved in this antinociception.
Ḥeseḏ sebagai Permenungan Teologi Keringkihan dalam Perspektif Disabilitas Berdasarkan Narasi 2 Samuel 9:1-13
Authors: Afandi Yahya
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The determination to make the earth an inclusive place for all groups requires comprehension, awareness, and ongoing collaboration. One of the impediments to realizing this dream is the stigma and discrimination against various types of weakness, vulnerability, deficiencies, and limitations, such as the disabilities, both physical and mental, that most people around us experience. The locus text from 2 Samuel 9:1-13 will be reread and reinterpreted in light of Jeremy Schipper's analysis of the term ḥeseḏ in the narratives of King David and Mephibosheth, in order to gain a new understanding of vulnerability in the context of disability in theological discourse. The reading resulted the invitation for everyone to experience the incarnation event as an effort by which the Almighty embraces the vulnerable, thus providing an array for discussion about how weakness and vulnerability should be accepted and celebrated in equal social relations.Abstrak. Perjuangan mewujudkan bumi menjadi tempat yang inklusif bagi semua golongan menuntut pemahaman, kesadaran, dan usaha bersama secara terus-menerus. Salah satu penghalang terwujudnya mimpi tersebut adalah stigma dan diskriminasi terhadap berbagai jenis kelemahan, keringkihan, kekurangan serta keterbatasan, misalnya disabilitas baik fisik maupun mental yang dialami oleh kebanyakan orang di sekeliling kita. Analisis Jeremy Schipper terhadap terma ḥeseḏ dalam narasi Raja Daud dan Mefiboset, akan dijadikan lokus dan basis teks untuk membaca dan menafsirkan ulang teks 2 Samuel 9:1-13, demi menemukan pemahaman baru diskursus teologi keringkihan dalam perspektif disabilitas. Pembacaan tersebut menghasilkan ajakan bagi setiap orang untuk menghayati peristiwa inkarnasi, yang merupakan upaya Sang Maha Kuat merengkuh sang ringkih, sehingga menyediakan ruang percakapan bagaimana seharusnya kelemahan dan keringkihan diterima serta dirayakan dalam relasi sosial yang setara.
Konstruksi Misi Integral Menurut Matius 9:35-36
Authors: Karlau Sensius Amon
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study aimed to articulate an integral mission for marginalized communities. So far, The Great Commission has mostly been understood as a command to preach the gospel verbally for the purpose of converting other believers. Meanwhile, marginalized communities need a Gospel message that liberates them from all kinds of oppression. Therefore, a new perspective on mission is needed that can answer these needs. This study used a qualitative approach by starting from the text analysis of Matthew 9:35-36. The result of the analysis of the text showed that Jesus' mission was an integral one. The mission originated from a compassioned hearth and intended to answer every aspect of human needs.Abstrak. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengartikulasikan misi integral bagi masyarakat marginal. Selama ini Amanat Agung lebih banyak dipahami sebagai perintah untuk melakukan pemberitaan Injil secara verbal demi tujuan konversi pengantut agama lainnya. Sementara itu, masyarakat marginal membutuhkan berita Injil yang membebaskan mereka dari segala macam penindasan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu cara pandang baru tentang misi yang dapat menjawab kebutuhan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan berangkat dari analisis teks Matius 9:35-36. Hasil dari analisis terhadap teks tersebut menunjukkan bahwa misi yang dilakukan Yesus adalah misi yang bersifat integral. Misi tersebut berangkat dari perasaan belas kasihan dan bermaksud untuk menjawab setiap aspek kebutuhan manusia.
YOUTUBE CHANNEL OF DARS ARABI AS A MEDIA FOR THE SPREAD OF ARABIC LANGUAGE
Authors: Wida Sabilla Setia , Ridho Ghulam Muhammad , Mustofa Syaiful
Published: June 2023

The article aims to describe an analysis of the content on the YouTube as a medium for spreading Arabic language. The research uses descriptive qualitative research. The data sources used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. Primary data sources come from interviews while secondary data sources from books, journals and articles that support the research. The data analysis technique is in  three stages, namely data presentation, data reduction, and drawing conclusion. The analysis is focused on the YouTube channel Dars Arabi. This channel presents educational Arabic learning content. The result of this study proves that there are several factors that support the spread of Arabic through the YouTube. The factors cover language structure-based content creation, utilizing You Tube as the most famous social media, focusing on disseminated educational program, and keeping developing content creation. Further, the content is created in a structured manner based on the curriculum of learning Arabic language. The creator of the content in the you tube always increases the content with selection. In conclusion, the YouTube channel of Dars Arabi succeeds to play the role of spreading Arabic language learning.
BEYOND DICHOTOMY WITH TAOIST VISIONIN LE GUIN’S THE LEFT HAND OF DARKNESS
Authors: Park Seol Yoanna , Kurnia Fabiola , Mustofa Ali
Published: June 2023

The research set out to shed light on balancing awareness, a key Taoist concept that forms the basis of American science fiction author Ursula K. Le Guin's creative works. The balance in Le Guin's work represented the peaceful coexistence of conflicting forces. Le Guin applied Taoist ideas, such as the interdependence of two opposites and non-interference, to convey her concept of balance. The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin, published in 1969, served as the primary text for this qualitative study. In The Left Hand of Darkness, the concept of balance was built on transcending the binary split and forging peaceful connections between I and the Other. To reflect her Taoist understanding of the relationship between I and the Other, Le Guin created an androgynous universe in The Left Hand of Darkness and employed the concept of a journey to the alien territory. The results demonstrated that in Le Guin's make-believe world, the protagonists from two different cultural backgrounds completed their trip by bridging the mental division and acquiring Taoist wisdom. The Yin-Yang emblem and the reading of the ancient poem served as metaphors for the peaceful coexistence of dualistic opposites. By transcending dualistic opposites and recognizing a connection between I and the other, Le Guin's worldview, which drew inspiration from Taoism, achieved holistic success.
NATIONALISM AS A CONTEMPORARY MENACE: READING TAGORE’S THE HOME AND THE WORLD AS A COSMOPOLITAN TEXT
Authors: Jamshed Mohammad
Published: June 2023

As the calls for global peace and peaceful coexistence grow louder, nationalism, often tearing apart the oldest and largest democracies, emerges as one of the formidable menaces to mankind today. It is a resurgent force in major democracies across continents. In Asia and particularly in the Indian subcontinent, it emerges in response to the colonial hegemony and the emulation of Western values. But it soon assumes a religious dimension. Tagore, in its rise as a global phenomenon, sees a threat to global peace and fraternity, an onslaught on human dignity, and calls it a 'destructive enthusiasm,' an 'epidemic of evil,' an edifice of illusions, and moral annihilation. Against the background of fragile peace and shattered human existence. This study investigates how nationalism dehumanizes people, kills a human character, distorts perceptions, divests them of moral ideals, reduces a man's life to a mechanical existence, and releases a demon of ethnonationalist violence by using text analysis as its research method. The study shows how the author's cosmopolitan vision is capable of guiding mankind in these troubled times. Besides, it shows how his vision can help people overcome this mass delusion and foster global understanding and peaceful coexistence.
Dampak Game Online Mobile Legends terhadap Siswa SD di Lingkungan XII Kecamatan Medan Denai Kelurahan Binjai
Authors: Sahid Nadrah Hafifah , Azhar Anang Anas , Zuhriah Zuhriah
Published: June 2023

This article aims to discuss the impact of Mobile Legends on Elementary School students in Lingkungan XII, Medan Denai District, Binjai Village. This research is a type of quantitative research. The objects in this study were elementary school students in Lingkungan XII. The research was conducted on 55 students, including students in grades 5 and 6. The research was conducted using a simple random sampling system in sampling, and sampling using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, a sample of 35 people was determined, and the data obtained was from a questionnaire. The theory used in this study is new media and the uses and effects theory. The results of the study show that online mobile legends games have an impact on elementary school students in Lingkungan XII Medan Denai, Binjai Village. Most of them started to be lazy to learn since they knew and played mobile legends online games.