bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stand-alone backup power system for electrical appliances with solar PV and grid options
Authors: Sabre A. H. , Wan Hasan Wan Zuha , Hani Nordin Farah , Abidin Ab-Kadir Mohd Zainal
Published: February 2020

For a portable backup power system, there is an essential need to contribute to increasing the energy conversion efficiency between the source and the electrical household appliances to overcome the recent issues of global warming. This paper proposes a Backup power system (BPS) compatible with the capability to match with two primary power sources; Grid-Connected power as an AC and solar-PV as a DC power source. This system composes of a rechargeable battery bank of about 300V, while the voltage matching concept keeps maintaining the battery fully charged as long as the source power is available. Matlab-based simulation has performed to prove the concept of the adopted voltage-matching. A relay switch circuit controlled by the main power source is used to change-over the load/appliances between direct link through bypassing the main power and the storage battery power when both options of main power are unavailable. The result shows the excellent utilization of the traditional BPS losses, the proposed topology can achieve about 99% power efficiency as compared with the traditional one.
Design of power factor meter using internet of things for power factor improvement, remote monitoring and data logging
Authors: Surya Gunawan Teddy , Hadzir Anuar Muhamad , Kartiwi Mira , Janin Zuriati
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, many residential and commercial buildings that used electricity needs to take care the power factor to avoid penalty from the utility companies. A power factor that is close to one provides a good indicator for the overall power quality. Therefore, power factor improvement plays a significant role to reduce electricity consumption and more efficient system operation. In this paper, the design of power factor meter using Internet of Things will be discussed. Voltage and current sensors outputs were interfaced to Arduino, in which the real power and apparent power were calculated to determine the power factor. Results showed the effectiveness of our proposed device in measuring power factor. Moreover, the measured data points were logged in an SD card and can be accessed by computer with Matlab graphical user interface (GUI). In addition, IoT framework analysis for smart meter which can provide power factor improvement, remote monitoring, and data logging was further discussed in this paper.
Optimal sizing of distributed generation using firefly algorithm and loss sensitivity for voltage stability improvement
Authors: Abdul Hamid Zulkiffli Bin , Jipinus Sylvester , Musirin Ismail , Othman Muhammad Murtadha , Salimin Rahmatul Hidayah
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes an optimization technique for distributed generation (DG) sizing in power system. The DG placement was done through Loss Sensitive (LS) technique to determine the suitable locations. The LS index is calculated such that the change in power losses is divided with generation increment and a rank of buses is obtained to identify the suitable locations for DG placement.  Subsequently, a meta-heuristic algorithm, known as Firefly Algorithm (FA) was run to obtain the optimal size or capacity of the DG. The installation takes into consideration the aspect of voltage stability in terms of total real power losses and voltage profiles to be improved in the distribution system. Based on the experiment, the real power losses and voltage profiles were improved significantly as a result of the DG placement. In addition, the installation could prevent the power system from collapse as the reactive loading was increased to maximum.
Differential input range driver for SAR ADC measurement setup
Authors: Idzura Yusuf Siti , Shafie Suhaidi , Abdul Majid Hasmayadi , Abdul Halin Izhal
Published: February 2020

Differential successive approximation register (SAR) of analog to digital converter (ADC) requires two balancing input signals that have same amplitude with 180⁰ out of phase. Otherwise, it performs inaccurately and degrades the performance during ADC testing procedure. Therefore, an implementation of AD8139 chip single to differential amplifier was chosen as an ADC driver to generate sufficient differential output for the ADC. The chip was placed on a printed circuit board (PCB) to test the functionality as well as the performance of static and dynamic SAR ADC. The result shows that the single-ended input transform into differential voltage outputs. The amplitudes for the amplifier remain equal and is 180° out of phase for DC and AC voltage input signal. Besides, the fabricated 0.18µm CMOS technology of differential 10-bit SAR ADC is capable of digitising full code digital output and perform 9.5-bit effective number of bit (ENOB) from analog input driving by the ADC driver.
Examination on the physical properties of untreated kenaf insulation paper at different beating degrees
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Azis Norhafiz , Halis Rasmina , Jasni Jasronita
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the physico-mechanical properties of untreated kenaf based insulation paper with consideration on different beating degrees. Kenaf bast fibers were first processed through soda pulping process. Different beating degrees were subjected to the processed pulps. Physical parameters of the paper were measured for each of the beating degrees. It is found that as the beating revolution increases, the kenaf based insulation paper’s density, tensile index and burst index increase while thickness and tear index decrease. 
Line balancing using heuristic procedure and simulation of assembly line
Authors: Huskhazrin Kharuddin Mohammad , Fadzli Ramli Mohammad , Hafiz Masran Muhamad
Published: February 2020

The assembly line is widely known because the use of it in manufacturing to process raw material into a complete product. There are many discussions and researches have been done in this field and the assembly line balancing problem is one of the topics that attract the interest of many researchers. The technique that frequently uses to solve assembly line balancing is a heuristic procedure. In this paper, a case study about the production of the power converter is studied. The assembly line of the power converter consists of 27 major tasks and 19 workstations. The existing heuristics procedures and a proposed heuristic procedure are used to solve the line balancing problem. After that, simulation is used to obtain the results and by comparing the results for each procedure, the most suitable procedure that should be used to solve the problem is selected.
A performance analysis for real-time flood monitoring using image-based processing
Authors: Zhang Qianyu , Jindapetch Nattha , Duangsoithong Rakkrit , Buranapanichkit Dujdow
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, various image-based methods have been used in the area of monitoring. Whereas the precision of detection objects and real-time processing are the key issues for many applications. Considering the limitation of the working environment, the higher correctness and faster operating time can guarantee the work efficiency. In this paper, the image-based methods have been studied to monitoring the state of the flood in the real-time system. The performance of each image processing technique has been evaluated based on accuracy and processing time. In the flood monitoring system, the variation of important parameters can cause the change of performance and the effect of the variable parameters has been demonstrated from the experiment results. After comparing to the other image-based techniques, canny edge detection presents the best one, which also has better repeatability with the source image from different locations. Consequently, the improved canny edge detection method has been proved that can work very well on the real hardware in the outdoor environment.
Design of travel angle control of quanser bench-top helicopter using mamdani-based fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Mansor Hasmah , Azmi Mat Esa Mohamad K. , Gunawan Teddy Surya , Janin Zuriati
Published: February 2020

This research focuses on travel angle control of a laboratory scale bench-top helicopter developed by Quanser Inc.  Bench top-helicopter is usually used by engineers and researchers to test their designed controllers before applying to the actual helicopter. Bench-top helicopter has the same behavior as the real helicopter, with 3 degree of freedom.  The bench-top helicopter is mounted on a flat surface with two rotors that depends on the voltage supplied to change the direction of the helicopter in 3 different angles. The movement of the helicopter is based on the direction of three-different angles; travel, pitch and yaw angles. The existing Linear Quadratic Regulator-Integral controller used by Quanser Inc has some limitations in terms of tracking capability and settling time; therefore this research is proposed. The objective of this research is to develop Mamdani-based Fuzzy Logic Controller for travel angle control of bench-top helicopter. Performance comparison has been done with the existing Linear Quadratic Regulator-Integral controller in both simulation and hardware. From the test results, it was found that the performance of Fuzzy Logic Controller is better than LQR-I controller especially for closed-loop simulation at desired angle of 30°. The percentage of overshoot of the Fuzzy Logic Controller has been improved from the existing controller which is 4.912% compared to 7.002% for LQR-I.
JAVA and DART programming languages: conceptual comparison
Authors: Hassan Afaf Mirghani
Published: February 2020

This paper elaborates on the concepts of a new programming language “Dart”, which has been developed by Google and considered for future use. Here, we compare it to the most famous, real time, and updated language “Java”. This is to define similarities and differences between the two important languages, explain programs’ behavior, with a focus on investigating alternative implementation strategies and problem definitions. We used programming languages’ concepts and terminologies to compare between the main characteristics of the two languages, Dart & Java.
Solving assembly line balancing problem using heuristic: a case study of power transformer in electrical industry
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurhanani , Fadzli Ramli Mohammad , Zakimi Zakaria Mohd , Chan Sin Tan , Masran Hafiz
Published: February 2020

Currently, problem in assembly line has created so much attention, particularly in manufacturing area. Similar to this case study as they faced with problems regarding workstation in production line of electrical industry. There exist some cases where workstations in assembly line are experienced with bottleneck and suffered from high idle time. Thus, four heuristic methods are used for minimizing number or workstations and improve the bottleneck problems at the same time. In this case study, LCR, RPW and LPT have successfully minimized the number of workstations from 19 to 16. This solution has affected the layout of assembly line. Different from SPT that manage to improve the bottleneck among workstations by reducing number of workstations from 19 to 17 without changing the line layout. Therefore, both solution has brought an option for an engineer to choose which decision to be used in this assembly line in order to increase the line efficiency.
Enhancement of the power system distribution reliability using ant colony optimization and simulated annealing methods
Authors: Suyono Hadi , Hasanah Rini Nur , Mudjirahardjo Panca , Purnomo M Fauzan Edy , Uliyani Septi , Musirin Ismail , Awalin Lilik J.
Published: February 2020

The increasing demand of electricity and number of distributed generations connected to power system greatly influence the level of power service reliability. This paper aims at improving the reliability in an electric power distribution system by optimizing the number and location of sectionalizers using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) methods. Comparison of these two methods has been based on the reliability indices commonly used in distribution system: SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI. A case study has been taken and simulated at a feeder of Pujon, a place in East Java province of Indonesia, to which some distributed generators were connected. Using the existing reliability indices condition as base reference, the addition of two distributed plants, which were micro hydro and wind turbine plants, has proven to lower the indices as much as 0.78% for SAIFI, 0.79% for SAIDI, and 2.32% for CAIDI. The optimal relocation of the existing 16 sectionalizers in the network proved to decrease further the reliability indices as much as 43.96% for SAIFI, 45.52% for SAIDI, and 2.8% for CAIDI, which means bringing to much better reliability condition. The implementation of the SA method on the considered data in general resulted in better reliability indices than using the ACO method.
A response time reduction for DC motor controller using SISO technique
Authors: M. Alkhafaji Falih S. , Wan Hasan W. Z. , M. Isa M. , Sulaiman N.
Published: February 2020

In an industrial controller, over five decades there are many attempts had been proposed to improve a method of tuning proportional gains of PID controller. Where in the review there is a very little attention have been paid to use satisfactory tuning to get maximum performance. This paper proposes an alternative solution to maximize optimization for a controller-based DC motor. The novel methodology relies on merge proper tuning with optimization using SISO-Optimization technique-based tune ). The comparative study has been done by utilizing classical tuning methods Z N, SIMC, CHR, and AMIGO, to obtain suitable tuning to be joined with . The proposed PID controller was examined in term of response time characteristics. This strategy provides a superior reduction in peak overshoot Pos, dead time td, rise time tr, settling time ts, and peak time tp, that could be utilized to improve the responses of a DC motor controller. Based on comparison results, it was founded that a CHR based SISO_optimization  playing a superior role over others in term of Pos 0%, td 0.1811µsec., tr 17.2 µsec, ts30.7 µsec, tp 80 µsec, and the number of iterations iter No 9.Ultimatly,this work overcome the majority of previouse work that related with this approach.
Design of parabolic solar dish tracking system using arduino
Authors: Rahimoon Asif Ahmed , Abdullah Mohd Noor , Soomro Dur Muhammad , Nassar Murad Yahya , Memon Z.A. , Shaikh P.H.
Published: February 2020

This paper demonstrates the designing parameters of a solar parabolic dish prototype for rustic areas with great solar irradiance rate availability, where have no access of electricity services or low-income people survives to buy a stove (electric or gas). The solar parabolic dish prototype intends a solution against these types of remedies and pursues solar light to work. The parabolic dish has a polished surface, where the solar radiations fall and collected at a single concentrated focal point. At this point the collected form of energy is used to derive different thermal applications like as; cooking & heating with single and dual axis schemes. This paper discusses the important stages of dual axis prototype; implementation, solar location strategy, the analysis in terms of theory, structural design & material. The dual axis prototype is implemented through the help of Arduino chipboard that is easily in maintenance, along with that this prototype is configured with anti-lock H-bridge (L298) module to overcome the control circuit complexity and AVR modules. Two rotational motors of 12V are installed on 4*4ft designed aluminum frame with a dual-axis tracking system. The jerks among trackers are also reduced with this prototype which maintains the experimental declination angle about .To finish, this paper results that parabolic solar dish tracker obtains 3.43% improved power efficiency in comparison of photovoltaic panel tracker.
Design of a Matlab toolbox and GUI for minimal realizations
Authors: Cherifi Karim , Hariche Kamel
Published: February 2020

Minimal realization for linear systems has been studied extensively in the literature. Techniques proposed differ in terms of the configuration of the state space form, the time efficiency of the algorithm and the reduction of memory storage. The minimal realization toolbox presented in this paper offers the possibility to test different methods and choose the most suitable form depending on the application. The given system can be represented by a transfer function or by raw (frequency or time domain) data. A graphical user interface (GUI) was implemented in order to ease the use of this toolbox and allow to rapidly test the methods and display the results.
Synthesis of model predictive controller for an identified model of MIMO process
Authors: P Chenchu Saibabu , C R Srinivasan
Published: February 2020

Model Predictive Controller (MPC) technology has been researched and developed to meet varied demands of need to control industrial power plants and petroleum refineries. This development has paved the way for the MPC technology too many other fields like automotive, aerospace, food processing industries in this paper, primary importance has been paid to the development of a MPC for an identified model of Multiple Input and Multiple Output process. In this paper, a Four Tank System has been considered for generation of input-output data. This data i.e. generated input output data is used for the estimation of two polynomial model, name ARX model (Autoregressive exogenous) model and OE (Output Error) model. With each of model output generated, the Fit-Rates of models are compared to find out most efficient model. The model equations are now considered as plant for developing a Model Predictive Controller (MPC). Two sets of results are obtained after the development of MPC and tested. One is without noise and one is with noise. Both sets of results were a success as the output signals traces step input signals after some steady oscillations in real time with in a very short period of time which indicated a good response time. The MPC developed can be applied to any polynomial model with a good Fit-Rate, it predicts and control the process variables automatically.
Quality assessment on muscle locations for speech representation
Authors: Safie Sairul Izwan , Rahim Rosuhana
Published: February 2020

There are more than 68 muscles, which are activated either simultaneously or sequentially during speech production. To monitor the signals from all these muscles at once, involve a lot of sensors and such system is very expensive. In the Quran therapeutic treatment applications, the use of specific muscles is very important, for the production of correct Arabic pronunciation. The proper pronunciation will improve the reader's understanding of what is being read, thus assisting the effectiveness of the therapy process. The objective of this study is to identify the most optimal muscle location, which is suitable for monitoring the quality of a recitation during the Quran’s therapeutic process, based on the information content embedded in their Electromyogram (EMG) signals. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique was used in this study to extract features of the EMG while the combination of Hilbert Huang Spectral Entropy (HHSE) and Kullback Leibler Divergence (KLD) techniques were used to quantify the information content in each feature. Combination of these techniques managed to rank ten widely used speech muscles in the literature based upon their information content. Four muscle locations have been suggested, which is believed to be sufficient in developing a low-cost self-assessment system for monitoring Quran recitation.
Rain attenuation distribution for satellite microwave links application in Tanzania
Authors: Linga Promota Haule , Iddi Hashim Uledi , Kissaka Mussa
Published: February 2020

Rain rate and Rain Attenuation predictions are important in radio system operating at Ku and Ka bands as they affect telecommunication systems performance. To adequately estimate rain-induced attenuation and fading, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommends use of rainfall data collected using 1-minute integration time. For Tanzania, no rainfall data with 1-minute integration time is available either through measurements or conversion from rainfall data with longer integration time. In this paper the rain attenuation is predicted for seven locations in the coastal area of Tanzania. The 1- minute rainfall rate is determined by Chebil’s model using long-term measurements from Tanzania Metrological Agency (TMA) collected for a period of forty years, results obtained are used to estimate rain attenuations. By using the International Telecommunication Union-Recommendation (ITU-R) model, rain attenuation is predicted at horizontal polarization at Ku and Ka band. The results show that Unguja has the highest average annual rainfall accumulation with rain attenuation as high as ~53.22dB for Ka band and ~15.14dB for Ku band making the difference of about 38.08 between the two frequency bands. On the other hand, Kibaha which has the lowest average annual rainfall accumulation along the coast has rain attenuation of ~47.27dB for Ka and ~13.41dB for Ku bands, making the difference of 33.86dB between the frequency bands. Results obtained from this study can be useful in designing earth-satellite microwave links in the coastal area of Tanzania.
Evaluation on effectiveness of learning linear algebra using gamification
Authors: Abdul Rahim Rini Hafzah , Baharum Aslina , Hijazi Hanafi
Published: February 2020

This study evaluate effectiveness of learning Linear Algebra using gamification strategy. In this study, gamification with storytelling strategy is used as teaching tools to attract student to learn Linear Algebra. This study using Polytechnic Malaysia syllabus with focus group of Diploma students for semester three (Mechanical Engineering) and semester four (Electrical Engineering) for two topics; Matrix and Numerical Method. They are five methods of calculation simultaneous linear equations which is ‘Inverse’, ‘Cramer's Rule’, ‘Gauss Elimination’, ‘Lower Upper Doolittle’ and ‘Lower Upper Crout’. They are three main phases to develop this gamification; Pedagogy Phase, Design Phase and Evaluation Phase. Mixed methods approach combining quantitative (survey) and qualitative (Electroencephalogram) is used to evaluate students learning process using Linear Algebra gamification application. The findings of the five items surveyed showed that the acceptance of the prototype of the Linear Algebra Gamification Application was very encouraging from a total of 104 students. This is because all 38 questions for the five items earn a median of four and this indicates the majority of students choose “Agree” and “Strongly Agree”. The findings also show the percent “Agree” and “Strongly Agree” for all questions having a high percentage of between 61.5 and 94.2. This shows more than half satisfied and likes to use the Linear Algebra Gamification Application prototype. With the development of the Linear Algebra Gamification Application prototype, it is hoped that the use of learning based can be extended to a variety of subjects as well as topics to make the learning process more interesting and fun as well as helping to motivate students to learn
Electrical grid reliability assessment by fault tree analysis
Authors: Agwa Ahmed , Matter Zaky , Eisawy Ezzat , Hassan Hamdy
Published: February 2020

The main rule of an electrical grid is to supply electrical energy to consumers as economically as possible, and with an adequate degree of reliability. Reliability is an essential measure and important component of all power system planning and operation procedures. In this paper, the electrical grid reliability is evaluated by Fault Tree (FT) analysis. In this method Alternating Current (AC) load flow analysis is combined with the FT technique. The electrical grid reliability is calculated based on the unreliability of the power supplied to the loads. The verification of the method is performed on a part of the Egyptian electrical grid (Alexandria zone 17-bus). The electrical grid components are sorted according to their influence on the electrical grid reliability.
Recloser-Fuse settings in distribution systems with optimizing multiple distributed generation considering technical aspects
Authors: Mohamed Abdelbaset Ahmed , A. Mohamed AboulFotouh , El-Zahab Essam Abou , Moustafa Hassan M. A.
Published: February 2020

With the widespread of using distributed generation, the connection of DGs in the distribution system causes miscoordination between protective devices. This paper introduces the problems associated with recloser fuse miscoordination (RFM) in the presence of single and multiple DG in a radial distribution system. Two Multi objective optimization problems are presented. The first is based on technical impacts to determine the optimal size and location of DG considering system power loss reduction and enhancement the voltage profile with a certain constraints and the second is used for minimizing the operating time of all fuses and recloser with obtaining the optimum settings of fuse recloser coordination characteristics. Whale Optimizer algorithm (WOA) emulated RFM as an optimization problem. The performance of the proposed methodology is applied to the standard IEEE 33 node test system. The results show the robustness of the proposed algorithm for solving the RFM problem with achieving system power loss reduction and voltage profile enhancement.
Evaluation of Firewall and Load balance in Fat-Tree Topology Based on Floodlight Controller
Authors: Mohammed Sarah Hashim , Jasim Ammar Dawood
Published: February 2020

Today it has become important to reconfigure the networks in to new form to be more manageable, scalable, dynamic and programmable. The networks recently are so inflexible and failing to deal with the required changes for the Information Technology. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a modern paradigm that focused to change the main idea of current network infrastructure (traditional network) by breaking the chain between the data forwarding and the control planes to introduce flexible programmability network. This paper makes comparison between the performance of traditional fat-tree network and SDN fat-tree network, which found that average Round Tripe Time (RTT) in SDN fat-tree topology will decrease by 8.96% than traditional fat-tree topology. Then shows the basic operation of OpenFlow protocol that can be applied on fat-tree topology by using SDN technology and how that can be effect on the performance of network and make it more flexible to enable the SDN module applications, like load balancer and firewall for optimizing the SDN network. In this paper the physical switches are replaced by software switches in a virtual network environment and display the SDN structure in GUI, also Floodlight controller is chosen to use as the network operating system for SDN network.
Phishing detection system using nachine learning classifiers
Authors: Zaini Nur Sholihah , Stiawan Deris , Razak Mohd Faizal Ab , Firdaus Ahmad , Wan Din Wan Isni Sofiah , Kasim Shahreen , Sutikno Tole
Published: February 2020

The increasing development of the Internet, more and more applications are put into websites can be directly accessed through the network. This development has attracted an attacker with phishing websites to compromise computer systems. Several solutions have been proposed to detect a phishing attack. However, there still room for improvement to tackle this phishing threat. This paper aims to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning approach in the classification of phishing attack. This paper applied a heuristic approach with machine learning classifier to identify phishing attacks noted in the web site applications. The study compares with five classifiers to find the best machine learning classifiers in detecting phishing attacks. In identifying the phishing attacks, it demonstrates that random forest is able to achieve high detection accuracy with true positive rate value of 94.79% using website features. The results indicate that random forest is effective classifiers for detecting phishing attacks.
Analysis of power system parameters for islanding detection using wavelet transform
Authors: Raza Safdar , Amjad Hanya , Umer Muhammad , Khalid Aqeel
Published: February 2020

This paper classifies the basic power system parameters based on sensitivity and performance capability. This is the basic step in selecting the suitable parameter for intelligent islanding detection technique. The behaviour of basic power system parameters is analyzed using wavelet transform under all possible islanding and non-islanding conditions. In wavelet transform, the mother wavelet plays a significant role in the extraction of parameter features. The db4 mother wavelet is selected after an extensive analysis on different mother wavelets. As a result, it has been found that the extracted feature of reactive power shows the highest capability to distinguish islanding from non-islanding events.
Coordination of directional overcurrent and distance relays based on nonlinear multivariable optimization
Authors: Abd Almuhsen Tahseen Ali , Sultan Ahmed Jasim
Published: February 2020

To ensure stability, security, and protection of electrical equipment from the damage the suitable coordination must be made in interconnected networks. In this paper, the nonlinear multivariable optimization techniques have been used with different performance indexes: Sequential quadratic programming (SQP), Sequential quadratic programming legacy (SQP-Legacy), Interior-Point and Active-Set for IEEE- 8 bus test system.  This system consists of twenty-eight protective relays divided into fourteen directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) and fourteen distance relays (DR). It has been tested in the ETAP environment to obtain three-phase short circuit current at the near and far end faults and operating time for all DOC relays for near-end fault as well as test the second zone time for distance relays (TZ2) with pilot signal (WP)and without pilot signal (WOP) of the proposed algorithm was used to reduce overall operating time of DOC relays and obtain optimal values for time multiplier setting (TMS) and TZ2 with the different coordination time interval (CTI) between main and backup relays. The simulation results were validated in ETAP program prove that the effectiveness of the Active-Set to minimize the TMS and TZ2 for the system. 
Optimization of parameters of neuro-fuzzy model
Authors: Bakievna Khuzyatova Lyalya , Ajratovich Galiullin Lenar
Published: February 2020

The questions and problems of the formation of knowledge bases of intelligent man-machine decision support systems are considered. The neuron-fuzzy model used in the work is described. The need for increasing the efficiency of the neuron-fuzzy model in the formation of knowledge bases is being updated. The task is to develop methods and algorithms for presetting and optimizing the parameters of a fuzzy neural network. To solve difficult formalized tasks, it is necessary to develop decision support systems - expert systems based on a knowledge base. ES developers are constantly faced with the problems of “extraction” and formalization of knowledge, as well as the search for new ways to obtain it. To do this, use the extraction, acquisition and formation of knowledge. Currently, the formation of knowledge bases is relevant for the creation of hybrid technologies - fuzzy neural networks that combine the advantages of neural network models and fuzzy systems. The analysis of the efficiency of the fuzzy neural network carried out in the work showed that the quality of training of the NN largely depends on the choice of the number of fuzzy granules for input drugs. In addition, to use fuzzy information formalized by the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic, procedures are required for selecting optimal forms and presetting the parameters of the corresponding membership functions (MF).
Fuzzy logic based fan controller of indoor air purifier fan
Authors: Cusipag Abana Ertie , Jerson Palatan Mark , Paolo Pascual Christian , Mae Mateos Chia , Anne Galasinao Sheree
Published: February 2020

Indoor air purifier (IAP) has been developed by various companies worldwide to address indoor air pollution. The manufacturers of these air purifiers rarely concentrate in controlling the rotation speed of the fan which results in the use of traditional control techniques wherein some still relies on human intervention. In this paper, Fuzzy Logic (FL) was applied to control the rotation speed of the fan of an indoor air purifier. The system automatically maintains a suitable fan speed based on the fuzzy values generated on the current environmental condition. The series of testing conducted using the system showed a very high accuracy in the interpretation of dust concentration to its equivalent Air Quality Index (AQI) levels of health concern. For each detected AQI, the system was able to regulate the voltage coming into a motor that controls the speed of the fan. The usage of the fuzzy logic fan controller in the indoor air purifier fan reduced the energy consumption by 41.67%.
ARDUINO based accident prevention and auto intimation system
Authors: R Palanisamy , Kumar PLS Sai , Kiran Mekala Paavan , Mahto Ashutosh , Irfan Md. , Bhowmick Maharishi
Published: February 2020

Often modern cars have a collision avoidance system built into them known as Pre-Crash System, or Collision Mitigation System in order to reduce the collision. But majority of vehicles on the road, especially heavy motor vehicles lack in such a system. In this paper, the implementation of the Collision Avoidance System is to reduce the risks of collisions at the hairpin bend on a Hilly track, Ghats, or other Zero visibility turns. The proposed system contains a set of IR sensors, LEDs, etc. It uses four IR sensors, which are placed on either side of the hairpin bend. The sensors are mutually exclusive and are connected to LEDs through wires. Based on the output of sensors, the LEDs will glow and start alerting the other vehicle approaching from the other end, Hence the drivers will decrease their speeds which would help in preventing collision. The LEDs will help the drivers in detecting the position of  the vehicles on either side of the bend. During climatic conditions like fog, snow, etc, the visibility of the drivers would decrease due to which they will not be able to see the LEDs, Hence, a collision may take place. To bring help as soon as possible to the injured, we have also made a proposed system which would alert the nearby hospitals that an accident has taken place. We have used Arduino UNO, GSM sim module and these will be kept inside a black box which will be inside the, car safe from breakage during the accident.
Vibration control of FSAE quarter car suspension test rig using magnetorheological damper
Authors: Adhar Bagus Muhammad , As’arry Azizan , Abdul Mutaleb Abas Hesham Ahmed , Aziz Hairuddin Abdul , Khair Hassan Mohd
Published: February 2020

Recently MRF damper -which has a significant controllable damping force - used frequently in many active and semi-active suspension systems. However, MRF damper needs controller to estimate the desired force to dissipate the occurred vibration instantaneously. PID controller is one of the effective feedback controllers which shows robustness and simplicity in control MRF dampers, but still the parameters of the PID controller under study to find out the optimum values. This study focused on the vibration control using Magneto-rheological (MR) damper on a FSAE quarter car suspension test rig to study and obtain the optimum running condition. The test rig was designed, modified and then tested using a P-controller integrated with MR damper, unbalance mass used as disturbance and analyzed using LABVIEW software in time and frequency domains. The natural frequency obtained was 2.2 Hz were similar to the actual FSAE car natural frequency. Based on the acceleration against time graph with different proportional gain value the optimal value for proportional gain, Kp was 1. Hence, the experiment work could be used as the initial stage to study and develop a robust controller to suppress vibration on a car.
Artificial neural network model and fuzzy logic control of dissolved oxygen in a bioreactor
Authors: Hana Mamat Nor , Mohd Noor Samsul Bahari , A/L Ramar Laxshan , Che Soh Azura , Saleena Taip Farah , Ab. Rashid Ahmad Hazri
Published: February 2020

In a fermentation process, dissolved oxygen is the one of the key process variables that needs to be controlled because of the effect they have on the product quality. In a penicillin production, dissolved oxygen concentration influenced biomass concentration. In this paper, multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used in modeling penicillin fermentation process. Process data from an industrial scale fed-batch bioreactor is used in developing the models with dissolved oxygen and penicillin concentration as the outputs. RBF neural network model gives better accuracy than MLP neural network. The model is further used in fuzzy logic controller design to simulate control of dissolved oxygen by manipulation of aeration rate.  Simulation result shows that the fuzzy logic controller can control the dissolved oxygen based on the given profile.
Semi-automatic building footprint using multirotor and fixed wing UAV
Authors: Ismail Nabila , Nizam Tahar Khairul
Published: February 2020

The current techniques to extract building footprints frequently involve Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), as well as satellite images. The UAV is proposed to acquire aerial imagery in this study as it is more efficient, time-efficient, and inexpensive, especially for small budget projects. Hence, this study evaluated the building footprints from different UAV platforms. The objectives of this study are to perform the different UAV image processing of building footprints using fixed-wing UAV and multi-rotor UAV, as well as to analyse the outcomes of building footprints from different UAV platforms with existing layout plans. The methodology begins with a preliminary study, and continued with acquisition of data via UAV, data processing, and lastly, analyses of the outcome from different platforms. Based on the analysis in terms of area, the accuracy gained by using multi rotor UAV had been better than that for fixed wing UAV with area difference of 13.648 m² compared to 18.091 m². Lastly, it can be summarised that the area displayed better results with multi rotor UAV, in comparison to the area obtained by using fixed wing UAV. Thus, it is recommended for future studies to use other UAV platforms and other methods for extraction of building footprints, such as orthoimages and digital elevation model.
Calcification detection using convolutional neural network architectures in Intravascular ultrasound images
Authors: Sofian Hannah , Chia Ming Joel Than , Muhammad Suraya , Mohd Noor Norliza
Published: February 2020

Cardiovascular disease is the highest leading to death for Non-Communicable disease. Coronary artery calcification disease is part of cardiovascular disease. The built-in of the plaques and the calcification in the coronary artery inner wall make the blood vessel cross-section area narrow. The standard practice by the radiologists and medical clinical are by visual inspection to detect the calcification in the intravascular ultrasound image. Deep learning is the current image processing methods that have high potential to detect calcification analysis using convolutional neural network architecture and classifiers. To detect the absence of calcification and presence calcification on the intravascular ultrasound image, using k-fold =10, we compared the three types of convolutional neural network architectures and the seven types of classifiers with the provided ground truth from MICCAI 2011. We used two types of images named as Cartesian Coordinates image and polar reconstructed coordinate image. The classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, Discriminant analysis, Ensembles and Error-Correcting Output Codes obtained the perfect result with value one for Area Under Curve and all the performance measure result, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Area Under Curve for Naïve Bayes classifier is 0.9967 and for Decision Tree classifier is 0.9994, obtained using the polar reconstructed coordinate image for InceptionresNet-V2 architecture.
A colour recognition device for the visually disabled people
Authors: Othman Norazila , Md. Zain Mohd Zarhamdy , Shah Ishak Iskandar , Abu Bakar Abdul Rahim , Ab Wahid Mastura , Mohamad Maziah
Published: February 2020

Visually disabled people rely on the sense of touch and sense of hearing to help them recognise anything in their everyday life. Colours, however, is also important in giving information about things such as the colour of cash note (blue, green, red, orange and purple), the colour of spices (yellow turmeric, red chilli, green chilli) and colour of cloth. Without a sense of visual, they are not able to recognise colour and perceive the beauty of colour. This study was conducted to develop a colour recognizer for visually ‎disabled people‎. Colour recogniser used the colour sensor to sense the colour, microcontroller to recognise the colour and notify the user using a speech generator and speaker. The device is powered by dry cell batteries and designed to be user-friendly, practical and portable. The testing is done to show that this device was able to sense and differentiate 12 primary colours in the RGB colour wheel and validated the accuracy of this devices.
Detection of cardiac sounds components: a pilot study
Authors: Jamal Norezmi , Ibrahim Nabilah , Sha’abani MNAH , Taat Zulkifli
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a preliminary study related to the detection and identification of cardiac sounds components including first sound (S1), second sound (S2) and murmurs. Detection and identification of cardiac sounds are an important process in automated cardiac sound analysis system in order to automatically diagnose people who are having cardiovascular disorder and determine the existence of murmurs. Sixteen of recorded cardiac sounds (eight normal cardiac sounds, four abnormal cardiac sounds with systole murmur, and four abnormal cardiac sounds with diastole murmur) from PASCAL Classifying Heart Sounds Challenge database were examined for analysis. This work is significant in studying the time and time-frequency based detection of cardiac sounds components characteristics. In time-based analysis, envelope of signal energy was used to do the peak detection of S1, S2 and murmur and also analysis of cardiac cycle, systole and diastole duration. While time-frequency based analysis was used to determine the S1, S2 and murmur frequency range. The findings yield the overall accuracy of envelope-based detection for normal cardiac sound signal at 60.85% while for abnormal cardiac sound signal at 57.24%.
High speed transmission of signal level for white light emitting diode (LED) as a transmitter device by using modified phase equalization
Authors: Mohsin Mijwil Maad
Published: February 2020

Visible light communication (VLC) also known as "Li-Fi", uses standard LEDs to transmit data such as information, images, music, and videos. The first LED was developed in 1927 by Oleg Vladimírovich Lósev (1903-1942), however it was not used in the industry until the 1960s.In this paper, will describe the implementation of Modified Phase Equalization (MPH) on visible white LED lamps signal because it's has slow transition time that severely limits in the communication system data speeds with phase equalization that increases the bandwidth of the LED modulation. Employ two filters with Modified Phase Equalization: first, Complementary (C) filter to combine between all kinds moving signals and second, finite impulse response (FIR) filter to obtain all coefficients that respective. Implementation in two phases: first, frequency 150KHz with number of signals 15000 signals and second, doubling frequency 300KHz with number of signals 30000 signals of LEDs without losing their main functionality as illumination sources.
Veins projection performance based on ultrasonic distance sensor in various surface objects
Authors: Gunawan I Putu Adi Surya , Sigit Riyanto , Gunawan Agus Indra
Published: February 2020

Intravenous therapy aims to inject fluids such as medicine or nutritions into the body via vein vessel. This procedure is needed in various cases whether in an ordinary or emergency. Every person has a different difficulty level thus a nurse usually encountered a problem when locating the position of vein vessel. A visualization device that able to work in realtime and have high mobility is really necessary for an emergency situation to speed up the intravenous access. In this study, a stand-alone veins visualization system was developed. The back-projection method that can adjust based on distance was used to speed up the visualization process. The distance between the device and the object is obtained by an ultrasonic distance sensor. The results of this projection method with a flat surface have maximum shift of 0.48 mm. While on various surfaces, projection shifts under 0.9 mm reach 89% from 140 measurement points. Projection shifts that reach more than 0.9 mm occurred due to the sensor readings are on steep curvature or large angles between segments and sensors.
Quadratic tuned kernel parameter in Non-linear support vector machine (SVM) for agarwood oil compounds quality classification
Authors: Bin Mohd Raif Muhamad Addin Akmal , Ismail Nurlaila , Mohd Ali Nor Azah , Fazalul Rahiman Mohd Hezri , Nizam Tajuddin Saiful , Nasir Taib Mohd
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the analysis of agarwood oil compounds quality classification by tuning quadratic kernel parameter in Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental work involved of agarwood oil samples from low and high qualities. The input is abundances (%) of the agarwood oil compounds and the output is the quality of the oil either high or low. The input and output data were processed by following tasks; i) data processing which covers normalization, randomization and data splitting into two parts in which training and testing database (ratio of 80%:20%), and ii) data analysis which covers SVM development by tuning quadratic kernel parameter. The training dataset was used to be train the SVM model and the testing dataset was used to test the developed SVM model. All the analytical works are performed via MATLAB software version R2013a. The result showed that, quadratic tuned kernel parameter in SVM model was successful since it passed all the performance criteria’s in which accuracy, precision, confusion matrix, sensitivity and specificity. The finding obtained in this paper is vital to the agarwood oil and its research area especially to the agarwood oil compounds classification system.
Sensing schedule optimization to minimize interference with primary users in cognitive radio network
Authors: DasMahapatra Suddhendu , Gandhi Ishita , Nair Kartik , Nath Sharan Shivendra
Published: February 2020

Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum, which is a limited resource, is facing the challenge of fulfilling the need of ever-growing users. To accommodate these users in an efficient manner, the idea of Cognitive Radio (CR) was proposed. It allows unlicensed users to use the licensed bands when the primary user is not using its band. To check the availability of the free spectrum, the system should be able to sense the RF environment around it, thus spectrum sensing becomes an important aspect of CR. In this work, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to determine the periodic sensing schedule to maximize the number of transmission opportunities for unlicensed band users as well as to minimize interference with licensed users. This optimization scheme generates a maximum number of transmission opportunities with minimum interruption to the licensed user’s communication. The MATLAB software is used for simulation.