bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
lncRNA DARS-AS1 Promoted Osteosarcoma Progression through Regulating miR-532-3p/CCR7
Authors: Xue Yan , Liu Hongmiao , Nie Guangchen , Ren Xiaoping
Published: April 2022

Background. lncRNAs have been indicated to involve in cell invasion, proliferation, and metastasis. However, function of DARS-AS1 in osteosarcoma remains poorly explored. Methods. DARS-AS1 and miR-532-3p level were measured using qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and cell invasion assay were done to study cell functions. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to study the mechanism about DARS-AS1 and miR-532-3p. Results. We firstly showed that DARS-AS1 expression is upregulated in 73.5% (25/34) of cases with osteosarcoma. Moreover, DARS-AS1 expression is overexpressed in osteosarcoma specimens than in nontumor samples. The DARS-AS1 is overexpressed in the osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2, SOSP-9607, U2OS, and MG-63) compared to hFOB. Overexpression of DARS-AS1 promotes cell growth and invasion in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell. DARS-AS1 plays as one sponge for miR-532-3p in osteosarcoma cell, and miR-532-3p overexpression inhibits luciferase activity of DARS-AS1-WT, not DARS-AS1-MUT in MG-63 cell. Ectopic expression of DARS-AS1 inhibits miR-532-3p expression in MG-63 cell. Furthermore, miR-532-3p expression is downregulated in osteosarcoma specimens compared to in paired nontumor samples. MiR-532-3p expression is downregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines compared to hFOB. MiR-532-3p expression is negatively associated with DARS-AS1 expression in osteosarcoma specimens. miR-532-3p directly regulates CCR7 expression in osteosarcoma cell. Elevated DARS-AS1 expression enhances cell growth and invasion via regulating CCR7. Conclusions. These data firstly suggested that DARS-AS1 exerted as one oncogene in osteosarcoma partly via regulating miR-532-3p/CCR7.
Government Intervention and Subjectivity of Non-State-Owned Enterprises under “Double Carbon” Target
Authors: Zhang Qia , Liu Zhiming
Published: April 2022

Facing the challenge of increasingly serious environmental problems, the government has put forward the “Double Carbon” target. The government and the non-state-owned enterprises are the core participants of the “Double Carbon” target. The subjective game model is used to analyze the behavioral strategies of the government and non-state-owned enterprises in the process of achieving the “Double Carbon” goal. The research contents of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the relevant theories and literatures are summarized, and the necessity and contribution of this study are given. Secondly, the subjective game model between the government and non-state-owned enterprises under the “Double Carbon” goal is constructed. And the dynamic game equation, the dynamic game equilibrium, and the dynamic evolution process of the game subject are analyzed and discussed. Then, the influencing factors of the decision-making of the game subject are analyzed. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn. When the government do not take any action, non-state-owned enterprises generally do not actively participate in the “Double Carbon” target. In order to promote non-state-owned enterprises to actively participate in the “Double Carbon” goal, the government should adopt the policy of subsidy and incentive to reduce the entry threshold and entry barrier of non-state-owned enterprises. In order to maximize the benefit of the “Double Carbon” goal, the government should take punitive measures at the same time. The government should further improve the corresponding laws and regulations and improve the property rights trading market. Actively guide and regulate the behavior of non-state-owned enterprises to achieve the goal of “Double Carbon,” and bring greater social benefit.
Enabling Legal Risk Management Model for International Corporation with Deep Learning and Self Data Mining
Authors: Wang Guiling , Chen Yimin
Published: April 2022

In uncertain times, risk management is critical in keeping companies from acting rashly and wrongly, allowing them to become more flexible and resilient. International cooperative production project investment and operational risks are different from domestic projects. It has a larger likelihood of occurrence, severe damage ramifications, and greater difficulty in prevention and control. As a result, companies must develop a scientific, logical, and comprehensive risk management system and procedure when “reaching out” to perform international joint production projects. We utilize machine learning (ML) to build a legal risk assessment model for international cooperative production projects, evaluate its validity, divide it into five risk categories, and suggest countermeasures for the risk variables discovered at each risk level in this work. The output of a single classifier is then fused using an SDM (self-organizing data mining) approach at the decision level, resulting in a multiclassifier early-warning model. In the context of the sustainable development goals, this methodology also allows for a sustainability assessment through risk evaluation. The experimental results show that the MCFM-SDM model outperforms a single classifier and other MCFMs in terms of early warning accuracy and stability, confirming the model’s use and superiority.
Effects of Sodium Chlorophyllin Copper on APO-1 Expression in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Rats with Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Jin Xin , Dai Guanhai , Xuan Liyang , Zhang Meng , Jiang Huifang , Sui Yang
Published: April 2022

Background. Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a highly prevalent blood disorder in the East and Southeast Asian countries, and a proportion of the patients is poorly treated with immunosuppressive agents. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) on rats with AA and at providing the theoretical basis for the treatment of AA using traditional Chinese medicine. Methods. A rat model of AA was induced by combining 5-fluorouracil with busulfan, and different groups were treated with 25 mg/kg cyclosporin A (CsA) and low-, medium-, and high-dose SCC (25-, 50-, and 100-mg/kg; L-, M-, and H-SCC, respectively). A comparative analysis of peripheral blood counts, T-cell subsets, cytokine levels, bone marrow pathology, and APO-1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells in each group was conducted. Results. SCC can increase the platelet count and haemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood of AA rats, whereas bone marrow biopsies revealed that the number of nucleated cells and megakaryocytes of SCC-treated rats increased compared with the model group. This was particularly evident in the H-SCC group. As regards the correction of immune function, unlike CsA, which reduced the absolute CD8+ T-cell count, SCC corrected the imbalanced CD4/CD8 ratio by increasing the absolute CD4+ T-cell count, whereas SCC increased the number of regulatory T-cells and reduced the level of interferon-γ in AA rats. When comparing the expression of APO-1 in the MSCs, results of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that SCC can increase the expression of APO-1 both at the mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion. We found that SCC can improve haematopoietic function and regress immune disorders in AA rats, which enhanced the expression of APO-1 in bone marrow MSCs. This may be one of the mechanisms of SCC in treating AA.
The Spoken English Practice System Based on Computer English Speech Recognition Technology
Authors: Gao Chi
Published: April 2022

Spoken English practice requires a combination of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, among which listening and speaking are the most difficult. In order to improve the speaking ability of the practitioner, the pronunciation of spoken English needs to be corrected in time. However, the workload of manual evaluation is too large, so it is necessary to combine intelligent methods for spoken language recognition. Based on the needs of spoken English pronunciation correction, this paper combines the computer English speech recognition technology to construct the spoken English recognition and correction model and combines the coding technology to study the English speech recognition technology. Moreover, this article constructs the spoken English practice system based on the actual needs of spoken English practice. Finally, this paper verifies the reliability of this system through experimental research, which provides a reliable means for the subsequent intelligent learning of spoken English.
Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Honeysuckle (Lonicer japonica Thunb.) against Newcastle Disease
Authors: Lu Yi , Huang Wen A. , He Zhi B. , Li Shan , Liu Jun
Published: April 2022

Objective. Newcastle disease causes huge economic losses in the global poultry industry. An efficient treatment is needed to deal with the variable immunogenicity of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This study utilized network pharmacology to study the potential therapeutic targets of Honeysuckle (Lonicer japonica Thunb.) against Newcastle disease. Methods. Venny online analysis was used to analyze the potential overlapping targets of Honeysuckle and Newcastle disease. Hub genes were obtained using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis using the DAVID online tool were performed on these targets. Results. Twenty-five overlapping targets were identified. The PPI network construction results included 23 nodes of 25 genes and 95 edges. It was found that the IL-6 node had the largest degree. STAT1 and IRF1, CASP9, and CASP3 had the same as well as strongest interaction strengths. GO functions, such as “cytokine activity,” had a regulatory effect on NDV. The “Toll-like receptor signaling Pathway” “Nod-like receptor signaling pathway,” “RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway,” and “Apoptosis,” which were obtained using KEGG analysis, also indicated that these pathways can act on NDV to enhance immune function. Conclusions. In this study, the potential targets and mechanisms of action of Honeysuckle against Newcastle disease were explored through network pharmacology, which provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of Newcastle disease and provided new ideas for the development of traditional Chinese medicine for the poultry industry.
Unmet Dental Treatment Needs and Barriers to Dental Care of Patients with Special Needs Attending a Dental Teaching Hospital
Authors: Marchan Shivaughn Maria , Coppin Erika , Balkaran Ramaa
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This work attempted to determine the unmet dental treatment needs and self-reported barriers to continued care, in patients with special needs, attending a dental teaching hospital in the English-speaking Caribbean. Methods: A chart audit of patients who were planned for comprehensive treatment for the period from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2017 was used to determine the types of treatment required for the sample of patients. Treatment was classified as either urgent, preventive, or restorative. Restorative treatment was further divided into operative, endodontic, periodontic, and prosthodontic treatment. Reasons for not returning to the clinic to complete planned treatment care were ascertained via a telephone interview. A non-parametric McNemar change test for related samples at an alpha level of 0.05 was used to compare planned treatment with completed treatment. Results: 34% of patients with special needs had comprehensive treatment plans developed for the period under investigation. Preventive dental treatment was included in most comprehensive plans (96.1%). Large proportions of patients also required care for periodontal disease (65.7%) and operative management of caries (52.9%). While there was no significant difference between preventive treatment planned and received, there were significant differences in treatment planned and received for all types of restorative care. Major identified barriers included cost, accessibility, and psychosocial issues. Conclusions: There was an unmet need for restorative and periodontal treatment. Major self-reported barriers to dental care included cost, accessibility to care in terms of transportation issues, and psychosocial issues.
From the 20th to the 21st century: the first 100 years of paediatrics in Singapore
Authors: Ng KC , Ho LY , Quak SH , Tan KW , Ho NK , Phua KB
Published: April 2022

In Singapore, paediatrics as a separate discipline was started in 1921 at Singapore General Hospital (SGH). From Mistri Wing to Alexandra Hospital (AH) and Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), paediatrics was started at National University Hospital (NUH) and the Children’s Hospital at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) from 1997. After World War II, neonatology started in KKH, followed by Toa Payoh Hospital (TPH), AH, NUH and SGH. Neonates from TPH and AH were moved to KKH in 1990. Our pioneering giants include Dr Gopal Haridas, Professors Wong Hock Boon (First Paediatrics Professor), Tan Cheng Lim and Tan Kim Leong. Paediatrics in Singapore is resplendent with many achievements. Prof Wong identified the relationship of hyperbilirubinaemia/kernicterus with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and initiated G6PD deficiency screening. This has saved many lives and improved the overall health of children in Singapore. 100 years on, we stand firmly on the shoulders of our pioneering clinician giants as we face the paediatric millennial health needs of this new century.
Liver transplantation in children: the Singapore experience
Authors: Quak SH , Phua KB , Aw MM , P Krishnan
Published: April 2022

Paediatric liver transplantation has come a long way since its acceptance as a treatment option for children with end-stage liver disease. From 1990 to 2020, a total of 434 liver transplants were performed in National University Hospital, Singapore, out of which 143 were performed in children. The majority of the liver grafts were from living donors, mainly the parents. Our long-term survival rates are comparable to those of major transplant centres worldwide. These patients usually have a productive and good quality of life.
Evolution and expansion of newborn screening programmes in Singapore
Authors: Rajadurai VS , Yip WY , Lim JSC , Khoo PC , Tan ES , Mahadev A , Joseph R
Published: April 2022

In Singapore, the newborn screening programme was started in 1965 in order to reduce the high neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity owing to severe hyperbilirubinaemia caused by erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. About 25 years later, the national newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism was established. Subsequently, universal newborn hearing screening and screening for multiple inborn errors of metabolism using tandem mass spectrometry were introduced as national programmes in 2003 and 2006, respectively. All these programmes are widely accepted as standards of care, and practically every newborn is screened despite the absence of any legislation. Two other evidence-based bedside screening tests, namely pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disorders and physical examination of the hips for developmental dysplasia of the hips with selected ultrasonographic screening have been widely performed in hospitals, and they are soon expected to be in the national screening programmes.
Evolution of postgraduate medical education in paediatrics: the Singapore story
Authors: Shahdadpuri R , Lau P , Chay OM
Published: April 2022

Postgraduate paediatric education in Singapore has seen a seismic shift in the past 50–60 years, from a primarily time-based, passive, teacher-centric and apprenticeship model with hierarchical learning culture to a competency-based and learner-centric one. The postgraduate medical education system in paediatrics in Singapore will continue to evolve and adapt with best practices in evidence-based medical education, with the aim to train and develop the next generation of paediatricians who will strive to continually improve child and population health in Singapore.
Paracordulia calcarulata, new species from Ecuador and notes on the genus Paracordulia Martin, 1907 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae s. str.)
Authors: FLECK GÜNTHER , HABER WILLIAM A.
Published: April 2022

Based on two males from Ecuador (Sucumbíos Province), Paracordulia calcarulata sp. nov. is the second described species of the genus. This new species is compared to P. sericea (Selys, 1871). The different shape of the anal appendages easily allows separation of the two. Generic diagnosis based on adults and larvae is amended. Paracordulia Martin, 1907 is a poorly known genus of the Amazonian biome, and its apparent rarity or absence of records is probably due to its secretive habits; considering the different forms of known females, its specific diversity has likely been significantly underestimated. Some structures of the vesica spermalis are briefly discussed.
Redescription of Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 (Crustacea: Mysida) after 100 years, with an update of its distribution in the Songkhla Lagoon System, southern Thailand
Authors: YOLANDA ROFIZA , SAWAMOTO SHOZO , LHEKNIM VACHIRA
Published: April 2022

Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 is a shallow water mysid which was first described from the Thale Luang and the Thale Sap waters, Songkhla Lagoon System in southern Thailand. Recently, this species was captured further south, in the Thale Sap Songkhla waters. In this study, we provide updated records on spatial distribution of the species in the Songkhla Lagoon System. A total of 272 individuals of this species were observed, and illustrations of the body including all appendages are presented. Among them, the mandible, maxillule and maxilla are described for the first time. Morphological characteristics of N. siamensis are compared with other two known species of the genus Nanomysis.
Tunable Luminescence Emission and Treatment Activity on Sepsis Acute Lung Injury of a New Cd(II) Complex
Authors: Li Huazhong , Yin Xiaobin
Published: April 2022

Under the hydrothermal reaction conditions, a novel coordination compound based on Cd(II) ion as nodes formulated as [Cd(L)0.5(bpp)2]n·2n(H2O) (1 H4L = 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzentetracarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane),
was synthesized via the dual ligand strategy. By varying the excitation wavelength, compound 1 exhibited tunable luminescence emission. Furthermore, the application values of the compound on sepsisinduced acute lung injury were studied, and the specific mechanism was discussed. The
inflammatory cytokines released from alveolar lavage fluid were detected using an ELISA kit after CP therapy. Real-time RT-PCR was applied to monitor the relative expression of lncRNA NANCI in lung epithelial cells.
Mixed-Ligand Co(II) Coordination Polymer: Application in Osteoporosis Treatment Through Wnt Signaling Pathway Activation
Authors: Li Li , Xu Ping
Published: April 2022

A novel Co(II)-based coordination polymer (CP) with the molecular formula [Co(oba)(bpe)0.5(H2O)]n(1, in which H2oba is 2,2′-oxybis[benzoic acid] and bpe is 1,2-bis[4-pyridyl]ethylene) was successfully generated through the mixed-ligand approach under solvothermal reaction conditions. Architectural analysis revealed that CP1exhibited a one-dimensional ladder chain architecture that was expanded into a two-dimensional net architecture via O–H…O H bonding between carboxylic acid O atoms and water molecules. The CP’s application in osteoporosis treatment and care was explored, and its specific mechanism was also analyzed. The results of molecular docking simulation proved that the fragments on the Co complex had different functionalities. Specifically, the fragments containing carboxyl groups were responsible for the observed activities on the target protein. By contrast, fragments containing pyridine rings were inactive and instead acted as the ligands of the Co complex.
In-Silico Analysis of VP4 Protein Causing Pathogenesis in Rotavirus and Its Interaction Studies
Authors: Shaikh Ibrahim Ahmed , Muddapur Uday M. , Kulkarni Madhura , Badiger Shrikanth , Krithika C. , Mahnashi Mater H. , Mannasaheb Basheerahmed Abdulaziz , Alsaikhan Fahad , Bahafi Amal , Iqubal S. M. Shakeel , Khan Aejaz Abdullatif , Shaikh Mohammed Ashique K. , Maqbul Muazzam Sheriff
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on proving the importance of In-Silico drug discovery in treating diseases that do not have a dependable and viable treatment. A disease of concern is Rotavirus; this spherical virus is responsible for causing diarrhoea like infection in infants. But
it is not limited to infants and can occur in adults too. An intensive literature review provided evidence of how the currently available vaccines fail to protect a whole section of the population against this death-causing disease. The current study explores a protein targeted by a ligand
that could be potentially developed as a drug. The protein considered is VP4 which is involved in the pathogenesis of the rotavirus. The ligand considered is 2-{[2-(4-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl) ethyl] amino}-4(3H)-quinazolinone with a chemical formula C21H22N4O
and molecular weight 346.3 Da. The protein’s physiochemical and stereochemical analysis was conducted, followed by the ligand-protein interaction studies, molecular docking, ADMET studies and MD simulation. The docking results show that the above-mentioned molecule has the least binding
affinity value. ADMET studies showed the possibility of the ligand being utilized as an oral drug. On the other hand, MD simulation showed the RMSD value, which reflected the stability of ligand-protein interaction. To conclude, this ligand can be employed to create an anti-rotavirus medication
and, in the future, a treatment.
Positive Associations of Vegetation with Temperature over the Alpine Grasslands in the Western Tibetan Plateau during May
Authors: Yadav S. K. , Lee E. , He Y.
Published: April 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has undergone extreme changes in climatic and land surface conditions that are due to a warming climate and land-cover changes. We examined the change in vegetation dynamics from 1982 to 2015 and explored the associations of vegetation with atmospheric variables over the alpine grasslands in the western TP during May as an early growing season. The linear regression analysis of area-averaged normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the western TP in May demonstrated a 7.5% decrease of NDVI during the period from 1982 to 2015, an increase of NDVI by 11.3% from 1982 to 1998, and a decrease of NDVI by 14.5% from 1999 to 2015. The significantly changed NDVI in the western TP could result in the substantial changes in surface energy balances as shown in the surface climatic variables of albedo, net solar radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat fluxes, and 2-m temperature. The land and atmosphere associations were not confined to the surface but also extended into the upper-level atmosphere up to the 300-hPa level as indicated by the significant positive associations between NDVI and temperatures in both air temperature and equivalent temperature, resulting in more than a 1-K increase with NDVI. Therefore, we concluded that the increasing or decreasing vegetation cover in the western TP during May can respectively increase or decrease the temperatures near the surface and upper atmosphere through a positive physical linkage among the vegetation cover, surface energy fluxes, and temperatures. The positive energy processes of vegetation with temperature could further amplify the variations of temperature and thus water availability.

Significance Statement

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important landmass that plays a significant role in both regional and global climates. This study aims to examine the vegetation change in the TP during May as an early growing season to examine the changes in the near-surface and upper-level climatic conditions associated with vegetation change and to identify the plausible physical processes of the vegetation effects on atmosphere. The satellite-derived vegetation index showed a 7.5% decrease from 1982 to 2015 in the western TP during May. This study identified the positive associations of vegetation activity with temperature and proposed a positive energy process for land–atmosphere interactions over the alpine grasslands in the western region of TP during the transition period from winter to spring.
Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy to Decrease the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Trauma Laparotomy Wounds
Authors: Kabir Ishraq , Nguyen Tuan , Heaton Julia , Peterson Kristen , Martyak Michael
Published: April 2022

Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common post-operative complication, especially in trauma laparotomies. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) is a novel technique in reducing SSIs. We aim to study the rate of wound complications in trauma laparotomy with standard primary closure with staples vs iNPWT.

Methods

We had 152 patients meeting inclusion criteria who underwent emergent trauma laparotomies performed at Sentara Norfolk General from 2017 to 2020. We had 79 patients in the standard staple group and 73 patients in the iNWPT group. We then analyzed surgical site infection rates and wound complication rates in both groups within a 30-day period.

Results

The wound infection rate in the staple vs staple plus iNPWT was 10.0% vs 3.8%, respectively ( P = .13). Wound dehiscence rates were 24.1% vs 10.13%, respectively ( P = .02). When looking at a subset of patients with hollow viscous injury, the rate of SSIs was statistically lower in the iNPWT group. Prior to the introduction of the incisional vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) to our practice compared to after its introduction, 39.25% of wounds were left open vs 19.51%, respectively ( P = .001).

Conclusion

Our data identified a trend toward a decrease in overall SSIs in trauma laparotomies closed with iNPWT. The use of iNPWT demonstrated a decrease in superficial wound dehiscence and a decrease in SSIs in patients with associated full thickness bowel injury. With iNPWT, we are more aggressive with primarily closing trauma laparotomy wounds. This shows promise for increasing primary closure rates while simultaneously decreasing overall superficial surgical site infection rate.
Facial Nerve Palsy in a Young Patient With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Possibly Induced by Herpes Virus Reactivation in the Facial Nerve
Authors: Horii Shohei , Haginomori Shin-Ichi , Ayani Yusuke , Inaka Yuko , Inui Takaki , Kawata Ryo
Published: April 2022

Facial palsy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients is diagnosed as tumor cell invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) following the ALL guidelines. Facial palsy in a 6-year-old ALL patient was diagnosed as leukemia cell invasion into the CNS by hemato-oncologists. Pretreatment magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed gadolinium enhancement of the first genu and meatal portion of the facial nerve. After chemotherapy, although the ALL tumor cells disappeared from both the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid, and the facial palsy resolved, a posttreatment MRI showed no change in terms of enhancement of the facial nerve. These findings indicated the possibility of herpetic viral reactivation in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. We must be aware and discuss with hemato-oncologists the possibility that not only tumor cell invasion into the CNS, in accordance with the guidelines, but also that herpetic virus reactivation arising in the facial nerve may be causes of facial palsy.
Does an Employee-Experienced Crisis Help or Hinder Creativity? An Integration of Threat-Rigidity and Implicit Theories
Authors: Jeong Inseong , Gong Yaping , Zhong Bijuan
Published: April 2022

Although a crisis provides room for creativity, organizations often suffer from creativity deficits in such a situation. Indeed, threat-rigidity theory suggests that an employee-experienced crisis may hinder employee creativity. An interesting but unresolved question is thus, “When does an employee-experienced crisis stifle or stimulate creativity, and how?” Embedding our study in a person-in-situation creativity research stream, we introduce employee-experienced crisis, defined as the impact an employee experiences from crisis event(s) in a team, and examine its interaction with implicit theories (i.e., a fixed vs. a growth mindset) in employee creativity. We hypothesize that an employee-experienced crisis stifles employee creativity via increased job anxiety when the individual possesses a strong fixed mindset. In contrast, the same phenomenon stimulates creativity via enhanced creative process engagement when the individual has a strong growth mindset. In Study 1, we collected multisource, time-lagged field data from 506 employees working in 107 research and development (R&D) teams. The results supported our hypotheses. To further explore how the moderating effects of mindsets occur, we conducted Study 2, another multisource, time-lagged field study of 260 employees in 40 R&D teams. We found that the moderating effects of implicit theories are mediated by goal orientations (i.e., implicit theories are more distal moderators, and goal orientations are more proximal moderators). Overall, we provide an integrative account of when and how an employee-experienced crisis hinders or helps employee creativity.
Organ Weights in Relation to Age and Sex in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Amato Rachel , Gardin Jean F. , Tooze Janet A. , Cline J. Mark
Published: April 2022

Laboratory animal research is an important contributor to both human and animal medicine. Currently, there is extensive use of cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) in pathology and toxicology research. The purpose of this study was to define reference values for absolute and percentage organ weights in M fascicularis of different ages and sex. Organ weights were obtained from necropsies of 1022 cynomolgus monkeys at the Wake Forest School of Medicine from 1997 to 2018. Distributions of absolute and percentage weights for each organ were described; sex and age groups were compared using analysis of variance. Age effects on percentage of body weights for each organ were analyzed within each sex. Diet effects were also analyzed. This evaluation showed that male body weights and absolute organ weights were greater for all age groups; however, female organ to body weight percentages were greater for most organs. Percentage of organ weight to body weight declined for the adrenals, brain, lung, thyroid and thymus during maturation, whereas percentage weight of pancreas, prostate, testes, and uterus increased. Animals consuming a high-fat, Western-type diet had a lower body weight than animals consuming a carbohydrate-rich chow diet. This information will be useful for further toxicology and pathology studies concerning cynomolgus monkeys.
Determinants of Gullibility to Misinformation: A Study of Climate Change, COVID-19 and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gruener Sven
Published: April 2022

This article explores whether susceptibility to misinformation is context-dependent. For this purpose, a survey experiment has been conducted in which subjects from Germany had to rate the reliability of several statements in the fields of climate change, COVID-19 and artificial intelligence. These contexts differed with respect to the frequency of media coverage, population activity in the form of demonstrations, daily number of deaths, and scientific knowledge. We find some similarities (for example, trust in social networks is positively associated with falling for misinformation in all three contexts) but also substantial differences (for example, risk perception as well as the extent to which people consider evidence to adjust their beliefs seem to matter for climate change and COVID-19 but not for artificial intelligence). More systematic work on context-related differences and narratives is required to design adequate measures against misinformation.

JEL: C91, D01, D80
Examining the Efficacy of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Biomechanical and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Perry Allison K. , Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Knapik Derrick M. , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Hodakowski Alexander , Gursoy Safa , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge
Published: April 2022

Background:

Medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) injuries accelerate the progression of osteoarthritis. While partial meniscectomy was once considered the gold standard for treatment, meniscus root repair has become increasingly utilized with reported improvements in clinical and biomechanical outcomes.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review of biomechanical outcomes and a meta–analysis of clinical and radiographic outcomes after MMPR repair.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis and systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried in August 2021 for studies reporting biomechanical, clinical, and radiographic outcomes after MMPR repair. Biomechanical studies were assessed for main results and conclusions. Data including study characteristics, cohort demographics, and outcomes were extracted. Included clinical studies were analyzed with a random–effects meta-analysis of proportions for binary outcomes or continuous outcomes for mean differences between preoperative and postoperative time points. Subgroup analysis for studies reporting repair outcomes with concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) was performed where appropriate.

Results:

A total of 13 biomechanical studies were identified and reported an overall improvement in mean and peak contact pressures after MMPR repair. There were 24 clinical studies, consisting of 876 patients (877 knees), identified, with 3 studies (106 knees) reporting outcomes with concomitant HTO. The mean patient age was 57.1 years (range, 23-74 years), with a mean follow–up of 27.7 months (range, 2-64 months). Overall, clinical outcomes (Lysholm, Hospital for Special Surgery, International Knee Documentation Committee, visual analog scale for pain, Tegner, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores) were noted to improve postoperatively compared with preoperatively, with improved Lysholm scores in patients undergoing concomitant HTO versus MMPR repair alone. Meniscal extrusion was not significantly improved after MMPR repair compared with preoperative measurements. The progression in Kellgren-Lawrence grades from grade 0 to grades 1 to 3 occurred in 5.9% (21/354) of patients after repair, with no patients progressing from grades 1 to 3 to grade 4.

Conclusion:

MMPR repair generally improved biomechanical outcomes and led to improved patient–reported outcomes with greater improvements noted in patients undergoing concomitant HTO. Repair did not significantly improve meniscal extrusion, while only 5.9% of patients were noted to progress to low–grade osteoarthritis. The high level of heterogeneity in the included biomechanical and clinical investigations emphasizes the need for more well–designed studies that evaluate outcomes after MMPR repair.
The Use of Force Plate Vertical Jump Scans to Identify Special Warfare Trainees at Risk for Musculoskeletal Injury: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Hando Ben R. , Scott W. Casan , Bryant Jacob F. , Tchandja Juste N. , Angadi Siddhartha S.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Vertical jump scans from commercially available force plate systems are increasingly used in military settings to screen for musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) risk. However, to date, no studies have determined the ability of these tools to identify tactical athletes at elevated risk for MSKI.

Purpose:

To (1) determine associations between scores from a force plate vertical jump test and the likelihood of experiencing an MSKI and to (2) establish the test-retest reliability of the output scores from the force plate system used.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 823 male Air Force Special Warfare trainees underwent force plate vertical jump screenings before entering an 8-week training course at US Air Force Special Warfare Training Wing. MSKI data were collected for the 8-week surveillance period for each trainee. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between baseline force plate jump scores and the likelihood of MSKI (any region) or a lower extremity MSKI (significance level, P = .05). The test-retest portion of the study collected force plate output scores from 12 trainees performing 3 trials of the standard test procedures. The reliability of 5 output scores was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using a single rater.

Results:

All force plate output scores demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC >0.90). Overall 308 (36.4%) trainees had an MSKI during the surveillance period. However, no significant associations were found between the proprietary force plate vertical jump scan output scores and the likelihood of experiencing either an MSKI or a lower extremity MSKI.

Conclusion:

Output scores from this commercially available force plate system did not identify Air Force Special Warfare trainees at elevated risk of experiencing an MSKI.
Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention and Risk Factor Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rudisill Samuel S. , Varady Nathan H. , Kucharik Michael P. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Martin Scott D.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Hamstring injuries are common among athletes. Considering the potentially prolonged recovery and high rate of recurrence, effective methods of prevention and risk factor management are of great interest to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists, with substantial competitive and financial implications.

Purpose:

To systematically review the literature concerning evidence-based hamstring training and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of training programs in (1) reducing injury incidence and (2) managing injury risk factors.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A computerized search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus with manual screening of selected reference lists was performed in October 2020. Randomized controlled trials investigating methods of hamstring injury prevention and risk factor management in recreational, semiprofessional, and professional adult athletes were included.

Results:

Of 2602 articles identified, 108 were included. Eccentric training reduced the incidence of hamstring injury by 56.8% to 70.0%. Concentric hamstring strength increased with eccentric (mean difference [MD], 14.29 N·m; 95% CI, 8.53-20.05 N·m), concentric, blood flow–restricted, whole-body vibration, heavy back squat, FIFA 11+ (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), and plyometric training methods, whereas eccentric strength benefited from eccentric (MD, 26.94 N·m; 95% CI, 15.59-38.30 N·m), concentric, and plyometric training. Static stretching produced greater flexibility gains (MD, 10.89°; 95% CI, 8.92°-12.86°) than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (MD, 9.73°; 95% CI, 6.53°-12.93°) and dynamic stretching (MD, 6.25°; 95% CI, 2.84°-9.66°), although the effects of static techniques were more transient. Fascicle length increased with eccentric (MD, 0.90 cm; 95% CI, 0.53-1.27 cm) and sprint training and decreased with concentric training. Although the conventional hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio was unchanged (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, –0.01 to 0.06), the functional H/Q ratio significantly improved with eccentric training (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16). In addition, eccentric training reduced limb strength asymmetry, while H/Q ratio and flexibility imbalances were normalized via resistance training and static stretching.

Conclusion:

Several strategies exist to prevent hamstring injury and address known risk factors. Eccentric strengthening reduces injury incidence and improves hamstring strength, fascicle length, H/Q ratio, and limb asymmetry, while stretching-based interventions can be implemented to improve flexibility. These results provide valuable insights to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists seeking to optimize hamstring training and prevent injury.
Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Concomitant Biceps Intervention: A Retrospective Review of Patient Outcomes
Authors: Nemirov Daniel A. , Herman Zachary , Paul Ryan W. , Beucherie Matthew , Hadley Christopher J. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Freedman Kevin B. , Erickson Brandon J. , Hammoud Sommer , Bishop Meghan E.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Biceps tendon pathology is common in patients with rotator cuff tears. Leaving biceps pathology untreated in rotator cuff repairs (RCRs) may lead to suboptimal outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare clinical outcomes between patients who underwent isolated RCR versus patients who underwent RCR with concomitant biceps treatment. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in clinical outcomes between groups.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 244 patients who underwent RCR in 2016 were included. Patient characteristics, presence of concomitant biceps pathology, pre- and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, rotator cuff failure, revision surgery, and complications were recorded.

Results:

There were no significant differences between patients who underwent isolated RCR (n = 143) and those who underwent RCR with biceps treatment (n = 101) at 2 years postoperatively in ASES scores (RCR, 81.5; RCR+biceps treatment, 79.5; P = .532), cuff failure rate (5.6% vs 4.0%; P = .760), revision RCR rate (3.5% vs 2.0%; P = .703), or complication rate (11.9% vs 5.0%; P = .102). Furthermore, when comparing concomitant biceps tenotomy (n = 30) versus concomitant biceps tenodesis (n = 71), there were no differences in ASES scores ( P = .149), cuff failure rate ( P > .999), revision RCR rate ( P > .999), or complication rate ( P > .999) postoperatively. Finally, when comparing arthroscopic biceps tenodesis (n = 50) versus subpectoral biceps tenodesis (n = 21), there were no differences in ASES scores ( P > .592), cuff failure rate ( P > .999), revision RCR rate ( P = .507), or complication rate ( P > .999) 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Addressing biceps pathology when performing RCR resulted in similar rates of cuff failure, revision RCR, and complications, as well as a similar improvement in patient-reported outcomes when compared with isolated RCR at 2 years postoperatively. Furthermore, when comparing tenotomy versus tenodesis and arthroscopic versus subpectoral tenodesis, comparable outcomes with regard to rate of rotator cuff repair failure, revision RCR, complications, and patient-reported outcomes were found.
The U.S. Space of Lifestyles and Its Homologies
Authors: Atkinson Will
Published: April 2022

Pierre Bourdieu’s influence on the study of lifestyles in the United States has been profound, yet the vast majority of relevant research operates with methods and assumptions at odds with Bourdieu’s own. His specifically relational or geometric understanding of social structures, and lifestyles, has been overlooked, meaning that no one has yet done for the contemporary United States what Bourdieu did for France, that is, construct a model of the “space of lifestyles” and its homologies. This paper does precisely that, deploying Bourdieu’s own favored technique of multiple correspondence analysis on survey data from 2017 to 2018. It finds a remarkable continuity between 1970s France and the contemporary United States, specifically in the existence of axes relating to economic and cultural capital. The paper also explores the correspondence of sociodemographic factors with the space, and importantly, it unveils associated patterns of symbolic domination.
Phenotypic Spectrum in a Family Sharing a Heterozygous KCNQ3 Variant
Authors: Arredondo Kristen , Myers Cortlandt , Hansen-Kiss Emily , Mathew Mariam T. , Jayaraman Vijayakumar , Siemon Amy , Bartholomew Dennis , Herman Gail E. , Mori Mari
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose

Mutations in KCNQ3 have classically been associated with benign familial neonatal and infantile seizures and more recently identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. We present 4 affected patients from a family with a pathogenic mutation in KCNQ3 with a unique constellation of clinical findings.

Methods

A family of 3 affected siblings and mother sharing a KCNQ3 pathogenic variant are described, including clinical history, genetic results, and EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Results

This family shows a variety of clinical manifestations, including neonatal seizures, developmental delays, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety. One child developed absence epilepsy, 2 children have infrequent convulsive seizures that have persisted into childhood, and their parent developed adult-onset epilepsy. An underlying c.1091G>A (R364H) variant in KCNQ3 was found in all affected individuals.

Conclusions

The phenotypic variability of KCNQ3 channelopathies continues to expand as more individuals and families are described, and the variant identified in this family adds to the understanding of the manifestations of KCNQ3-related disorders.
Survival After Severe COVID-19: Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Neville Thanh H. , Hays Ron D. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Gonzalez Cynthia A. , Chen Lucia , Hong Ashley , Yamamoto Myrtle , Santoso Laura , Kung Alina , Schwab Kristin , Chang Steven Y , Qadir Nida , Wang Tisha , Wenger Neil S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Understanding the long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 remains limited, particularly in the United States.

Objective

To examine long-term outcomes of patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission for severe COVID-19.

Design, Patients, and Main Measures

This is a prospective cohort study of patients who had severe COVID-19 requiring an ICU admission in a two-hospital academic health system in Southern California. Patients discharged alive between 3/21/2020 and 12/31/2020 were surveyed approximately 6 months after discharge to assess health-related quality of life using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)-29 v2.1, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and loneliness scales. A preference-based health utility score (PROPr) was estimated using 7 PROMIS domain scores. Patients were also asked their attitude about receiving aggressive ICU care.

Key Results

Of 275 patients admitted to the ICU for severe COVID-19, 205 (74.5%) were discharged alive and 132 (64%, median age 59, 46% female) completed surveys a median of 182 days post-discharge. Anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social activities, pain interference, and cognitive function were not significantly different from the U.S. general population, but physical function (44.2, SD 11.0) was worse. PROPr mean score of 0.46 (SD 0.30, range −0.02 to 0.96 [<0 is worse than dead and 1 represents perfect health]) was slightly lower than the U.S. general population, with an even distribution across the continuum. Poor PROPr was associated with chronic medical conditions and receipt of life-sustaining treatments, but not demographics or social vulnerability. PTSD was suspected in 20% and loneliness in 29% of patients. Ninety-eight percent of patients were glad they received life-saving treatment.

Conclusion

Most patients who survive severe COVID-19 achieve positive outcomes, with health scores similar to the general population at 6 months post-discharge. However, there is marked heterogeneity in outcomes with a substantial minority reporting severely compromised health.