bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN PENGATURAN TANGGUNG JAWAB KORPORASI
Authors: Silalahi Kristianto P.H.
Published: February 2024

Artikel ini membahas perkembangan pengaturan tanggung jawab korporasi khususnya terkait tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan (CSR) perusahaan di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada transisi pemikiran dari pemegang saham ke pemangku kepentingan. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif untuk membantu memhami perkembangan pengaturan dari konsep pemikiran korporasi yang hanya ditujukan untuk memperoleh laba bagi para pemegang sahamnya kepada pemikiran yang lebih luas dari peran korporasi. Kajian ini secara umum membandingkan pengaturan Perseroan Terbatas dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1995 dengan UU No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, dikaitkan dengan pengaturan tanggung jawab Korporasi di India yang mengatur hal yang sama sebagai studi perbandingan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu memahami kelebihan dan kekurangan pengaturan tanggung jawab korporasi dalam suatu ketentuan perundang-undangan bagi pemberdayaan korporasi untuk manfaat yang lebih besar. Perkembangan tanggung jawab korporasi menjadi suatu kebutuhan bagi korporasi modern khususnya yang bergerak di bidang pemanfaatan sumber daya alam baik karena perintah peraturan perundang-undangan maupun karena perkembangan tuntutan pasar yang semakin kritis.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-induced pseudothrombocytopenia: The story of platelet clumps and report of three cases
Authors: Santosh Tummidi , Patro Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2024

Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) induced pseudo-thrombocytopenia is an infrequent phenomenon occurring when samples are processed in an automated analyzer using EDTA as the anticoagulant. We report three cases of Pseudothrombocytopenia wherein peripheral smear evaluation and rerun in separate Haematology analyzers helped us in reaching a conclusion. The widespread use of automated instruments has led to the identification of this phenomenon. However, confirmation of PTCP can only be done under microscopic examination of the slide.
Wykorzystanie innowacyjnych metod nauczania przez współczesnych nauczycieli w klasach I–III szkoły podstawowej
Authors: Marzec Helena , Depczyńska Dorota
Published: February 2024

Współczesny system edukacyjny nastawiony jest na poszukiwanie metod pracy optymalnych zarówno dla ucznia, jak i nauczyciela. Mają one w pełni wykorzystać potencjał rozwojowy dzieci poprzez atrakcyjną i skuteczną organizację procesu dydaktyczno-wychowawczego. Podkreśla się zmianę organizacji pracy nauczyciela z uczniem. Odchodzi się od systemu tradycyjnego, który opierał się przede wszystkim na przekazywaniu wiedzy i kontroli stopnia jej opanowania, a wprowadza system bardziej przyjazny i otwarty dla dziecka, który opiera się na nowatorskich metodach aktywizujących, wykorzystujących nowoczesne technologie informacyjne. Istotą współczesnego kształcenia staje się wszechstronna aktywizacja ucznia poprzez kreatywną pracę nauczyciela. Na poziomie edukacji wczesnoszkolnej bardzo intensywnie kształtuje się charakter i osobowość każdej jednostki, dlatego ważnym zadaniem nauczycieli jest odpowiedni dobór treści wychowawczych i właściwy sposób ich realizacji, także dobór odpowiednich metod aktywizujących i działań innowacyjnych.
FEATURES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE STIFFNESS MATRIX OF THE SPATIAL HEXAGONAL FINITE ELEMENT FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH DISCRETE INCLUSIONS BASED ON THE MOMENT SCHEME
Authors: Штанько Г. І. , Гребенюк С. М.
Published: February 2024

An approach to numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of composite structures with discrete inclusions is presented in the paper. The finite element method is used as the main method, namely its modification – the moment finite-element scheme. The moment scheme, in contrast to the classic scheme of finite elements, allows to avoid such negative properties as not taking in consideration the rigid rotation of the finite element and “false” shear. If both the material of the matrix and the material of the reinforcing inclusions are weakly compressible, then problems arise due to the fact that some elastic constants approach very large values. The Taylor series expansion of the components of the displacement vector, the components of the strain tensor, and the volume change function is used in order to eliminate the mentioned shortcomings, after that, according to the moment scheme, certain sums are removed from these expansions. Homogenization of the material with lamellar inclusions, a small proportion of spherical inclusions, and a large proportion of spherical inclusions is used for modeling the elastic properties of the composite. The chaotic nature of the location of inclusions after homogenization makes it possible to present a non-homogeneous composite material as a homogeneous quasi-isotropic one. The described approaches are used in the construction of the stiffness matrix of the spatial hexagonal finite element. The obtained expressions for the stiffness matrix are done in the software package for calculating structures from composite materials. The calculation of a thick-walled pipe under the action of internal pressure from a composite material with lamellar inclusions, a small proportion of spherical inclusions, and a large proportion of spherical inclusions was carried out using the software package. For different volume fractions of discrete inclusions, the numerical convergence of the results with different finite element meshes has been investigated, which shows great congruence with analytical solutions.
Remedial Education Teachers’ Competencies for Differentiated Pedagogy: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bestian Brenda , Mohd Rashid Syar Meeze
Published: February 2024

Remedial education is implemented to help primary school students who experience difficulties mastering the 3M skills of reading, writing, and counting. This systematic literature review was conducted to review the competency of remedial education teachers for differentiated pedagogy. The study focused on competency of remedial education teachers regarding levels of knowledge, skills, and readiness to implement differentiated pedagogy. Literature was searched through Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Web of Science and 149 articles that had been published between 2019 to 2023 were identified; of these, 12 were selected for the analysis, which used the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. The results reveal that not all studies found that remedial education teachers’ competency for differentiated pedagogy was at high levels for all three elements – knowledge, skills and readiness. The results of this study can serve as a guide and reference for teachers, the Ministry of Education, and future researchers, to improve remedial education teachers’ competency for differentiated pedagogy. Future studies should do a more in-depth exploration, by conducting a survey to review the competency of remedial education teachers for differentiated pedagogy, and the challenges they face in implementing it.
Teaching and Learning Biotechnology at University of Rwanda - College of Science and Technology: The Assessment of Teaching Practices and Learning Styles for Biotechnology Concepts Understanding
Authors: Ndikumana Yvonne , Mugabo Leon Rugema , Nsabimana Antoine
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the crucial need for assessing teaching practices and learning styles to improve students' understanding of biotechnological concepts and enhance overall learning outcomes. A mixed-method research design was adopted to collect and analyse data. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data were analysed by thematic analysis. The sample consisted of two (2) teachers and 109 students. The techniques for sampling were convenience sampling for the survey and purposive sampling for the interview. Both teachers and students were involved in teaching and learning biotechnology courses related to the crop improvement. Questionnaires, interview, and classroom observation were used to collect data, which were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The study found that teaching methods such as semi-formal lectures, PowerPoint presentations, interactive lectures, blended methods, student presentations, and audio-visual techniques were commonly used. Formal authority, expert, and personal teaching styles were prevalent, with the facilitator style being the least utilized. Students primarily learn through auditory and reading styles, occasionally incorporating visual elements. Despite the emphasis on collaborative learning, student-based activities were not given significant consideration. The spectrum of these practices comprised a mix of student- and teacher-centred approaches with the dominance of the teacher-centred method. Thus, for effective teaching and learning, the present study suggests future research on the implementation of new innovative teaching strategies to help all students to develop autonomy and to learn according to their diversities regarding their learning styles.
Sustainability-Infused Learning Environments: Investigating the Role of Digital Technology and Motivation for Sustainability in Achieving Quality Education
Authors: Islam Qamrul , Ali Khan Syed Md Faisal
Published: February 2024

The present investigation delves into the complex interconnections among the digital learning environment, academic achievement, psychological empowerment, motivation for sustainability, and the context of universities in Saudi Arabia. Students from various academic fields were selected for a comprehensive study employing a multilevel sampling technique. A holistic understanding of the variables was obtained through quantitative surveys. The study's findings indicate that a well-functioning digital learning environment notably impacts academic achievement. This is consistent with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 objectives, which aim to revolutionize the education sector by integrating technology. While the impact of sustainability motivation on academic achievement is moderately positive, it remains a critical factor in fostering conscientious individuals on a global scale. Furthermore, the correlation between psychological empowerment and academic achievement highlights the criticality of comprehensive education, a fundamental principle of Vision 2030. The current research results provide a strategic plan for improving the standard of education in Saudi Arabia, fostering environmental responsibility, and cultivating diverse individuals equipped to confront forthcoming challenges. This study makes a scholarly contribution and functions as a pragmatic manual for improving education in Saudi Arabia and ensuring its alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4.
The Effects of Performance Appraisal on Secondary School Teachers' Work Engagement in China-Based on the Mediating Effect of Teacher Identity
Authors: Chang Guo , Albattat Ahmad Rasmi , Azar Ali Sorayyaei
Published: February 2024

The level of teachers' work engagement plays a crucial role in determining the quality of education. Secondary schools, being a vital component of China's basic education system, exert a significant influence on the overall educational quality in the country. This research delves into the connection between performance appraisal and the work engagement of secondary school teachers, while also exploring the mediating role of teacher identity. Employing a correlational research design, the study distributed 4848 questionnaires across 202 middle schools (comprising both middle and high schools) in eight cities within Henan Province, China. The returned 4290 valid questionnaires resulted in a commendable validity rate of 88.5%. The research methodology integrates descriptive statistical analysis, difference testing, and structural equation modeling to analyze survey responses and questionnaire retrieval outcomes. The study's findings reveal that while secondary school teachers exhibit a high level of identity, there is room for improvement in the fairness of performance appraisal and work engagement. Moreover, a fairer performance appraisal demonstrates a significant and positive correlation with work engagement and teacher identity. Additionally, teacher identity serves as a substantial predictor of teachers' work engagement and partially mediates the impact of performance appraisal on teachers' work engagement. These outcomes offer a foundational understanding for further enhancing the equity of performance appraisal for secondary school teachers in China. The study also recommends strategies to bolster teachers' self-identity by promoting fairness in performance appraisal, thereby fostering improvements in teachers' work engagement and, consequently, elevating the overall quality of education.
La masticación, su relación con la disfunción cognitiva y la rehabilitación oral como una medida preventiva
Authors: Carbajal Marco , Mercado Mamani Sively luz , Rozas Yordy , Bernal Pedro
Published: February 2024

La disfunción cognitiva es la perdida de la memoria de forma gradual, es muy probable  que pase a convertirse en demencia, y evolucionar a otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer, esto se hace de manera irreversibles, por lo que encontrar  una manera de trata o prevenir las disfunciones cognitivas, son importantes tanto para  la salud de la persona, como para la economía familiar y del país. Para esta revisión de  literatura se consultaron las siguientes bases: PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect, como palabras clave se usaron términos del Descriptor en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCs) como: Masticación, rehabilitación oral y disfunción cognitiva, combinados con los operadores  boléanos OR, AND, NOT, seleccionándose la combinación con mejores resultados. Se revisaron un total de 168 artículos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión, siendo los 31 en el idioma inglés. Cada vez en el mundo, más personas adultas padecen de deficiencias cognitivas y muchas veces se le puede asociar a el edentulismo, perdida de dientes, periodontitis, que afectan en la masticación, la rehabilitación oral podría ser fundamental, para la restauración de la masticación y podría ser una medida para  la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
Approach to Sustainability in Built Environment
Authors: Pant Sanjay
Published: February 2024

The indiscriminate use of natural resources since the development of civilization particularly their exploitation in the last one century or so in the process of industrialization and in the pursuit of comfort-at-all-cost, has resulted in a situation of almost no return. Under the circumstances, ‘Sustainability’ is the mantra and saviour of civilization. The most important aspect in achieving sustainability is to address the cardinal principles of sustainability of reduce, reuse and recycle with due consideration to sustainability objectives in respect to space and time. The comprehensive approach demands that, in respect to space, the approach should start from larger context globally coming finally to the scale of a building or a local built environment. Meaning thereby that an isolated building cannot be regarded as sustainable product unless it is a part of overall sustainability scenario in a larger context. Similarly, a time duration needs to be kept in mind over which the sustainability is sought to be achieved. For example, what can be sustainable for a limited period of time may prove to be otherwise on a longer span of time. At the same time, sustainability cannot be seen for a period till eternity. This is particularly true because of cost implications and likelihood of paradigm shift in materials, technologies and developmental requirements during different times. Thus, sustainability needs to be largely concentrated on a scale of our planet and human life scale of periods such as 500 years. The comprehensive approach then would require to deal with all aspects relating to siting, form and design; external development and landscape; envelope optimization; selection of appropriate materials; water and waste management; building services optimization; constructional practices including selection of appropriate technologies; and commissioning, operation, maintenance and building performance tracking. The objective is not only to ensure that the facility is built sustainably using optimum embodied energy but also requires optimum operational energy and least maintenance. The progressive thought requires that the building and built environment should not be designed only to reduce the adverse effect to the environment but should intend to cause positive effects to the environment, economy and the society at large. This paper discusses approach to sustainability, with a view to making appropriate decisions during conceptualization, planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance stages of the built facility. To facilitate the understanding and implementation of the approach, a Sustainability Model has been attempted which may be suitably modified, extended and detailed for better understanding and application.
Designing on Existing Bridges: A Paradigm of Sustainability Applied to Civil Engineering
Authors: Romo José
Published: February 2024

One of the areas where the bridge designer has a real influence on the sustainability of the performance is in the widening of existing bridges. The use of the structure is always beneficial from an environmental point of view as the life span of the bridge is increased by using the existing structure. A good example of this is the widening of bridges. The article includes examples of the widening of three different structural types: a stone arch bridge, a prestressed concrete bridge with box section and a cable-stayed bridge. In all three cases, the existing structural systems have been used thanks to the team's willingness and knowledge of the techniques associated with bridge maintenance and preservation.
Development of extraordinary suspension bridge solutions for Sulafjord in Norway
Authors: Jakobsen Svein Erik , Kroon Inger , Aas-Jakobsen Ketil , Norum Larsen Per , Nessa Kristin , Jamal Assad , Tistel Joar , Egset Gunnar
Published: February 2024

The crossing of Sulafjord on the Ferry-free E39 project in Norway with a bridge solution is an extremely challenging task. The fjord is 3 to 4 km wide, 450m deep and located in a harsh weather environment with strong and heavy winds and waves. The AMC group (consulting companies Aas- Jakobsen, Multiconsult and COWi with subconsultants) has recently developed four different suspension bridge solutions for this crossing in an extensive preliminary design phase. Client for the project has been the Norwegian Public Roads Department (NPRA). These four alternatives involve a world record singe main span of app. 2700m as well as two long-span double span suspension bridge solutions on GBS (Gravity Base Structure) foundation and a triple span floating suspension bridge solution on TLP (Tension Leg Platform) foundation.
Replacement of gypsum plasterboard with sustainable secondary raw material composition
Authors: Pfütze Christian , Reich Stefan
Published: February 2024

Climate change and the efforts of states to significantly reduce CO2 emissions require considerable efforts in the construction industry. Interior components in particular offer the potential to test new building materials. Gypsum is an essential finishing material, especially in the form of plasterboard. Due to the German cut of coal-fired plants, around 5 million tons of gypsum will be missing from 2038. It is therefore urgent to replace the loss of FGD gypsum by alternative products with similar mechanical properties, that can be produced at similar cost and in an adequate volume worldwide. In addition, however, these building materials must also be compostable, non-toxic and meet sustainability criteria. The paper describes approaches for substitute
Improving of (energy) performance of existing (heritage) buildings
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: February 2024

For heritage buildings, energy consumption and sustainability were not always in focus or scope during time of erection. The commonly assumed life span of 25-30 years for facades is only a portion of the primary structure, and this remains true even if the service life of facades is doubled. Demolition and recycling of the whole structure and erection of a new building following the actual state of the art is usually not an option – and from point of holistic view taking into consideration grey energy does not make sense either. So special care has to be taken to combine improved energy performance and historic appearance – just adding insulation is not acceptable. Glass as a transparent material is an important element in facades, first a general overview especially on glass related questions is given, followed by examples of rehabilitation of classified historic buildings.
Sustainable development requires risky decisions - problematic 300 ton overweight transport passing a bridge
Authors: Miśkiewicz Mikołaj , Kozakiewicz Andrzej , Pyrzowski Lukasz , Sobczyk Bartosz
Published: February 2024

Oversize load passages over bridges are one of the research issues related to sustainable development that engineering and scientific teams around the world have to deal with . The article presents the scope of activities that enabled the passage of an oversized vehicle with a total weight of over 300 tons over a reinforced concrete slab. The bridge load capacity is 30 tons. In order to assess the capacity of the bridge, detailed visual inspection, inventory, tests during a load test, field and laboratory tests of concrete, location and inventory of reinforcement, static and strength calculations were carried out. Unfortunately, the tests done during the passage of an oversize vehicle on the bridge showed that the actual weight of the set were greater than originally declared. Fortunately, it turned out that there were still some reserves in the structure load-bearing capacity and the over-weighted vehicle entered the bridge without any damage to its structure.
Adoption of Stainless Steel in Bridge Construction for Safety and Sustainability
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Nirmalya , Ghoshal Amitabha
Published: February 2024

Stainless steel, an iron alloy with chromium, is corrosion-resistant with low maintenance requirements. It has good strength, toughness, and fatigue properties. Stainless steel can be fabricated using a range of engineering techniques and are fully recyclable at end-of-life. The high ductility of stainless steel is a useful property where resistance to seismic loading is required.

The high strength with low maintenance effort makes Stainless Steel an attractive candidate for the material of construction for Bridges. There is increasing awareness that whole life cost, not just initial cost, should be considered when selecting materials. Experience shows that using a corrosion-resistant material in order to avoid future maintenance, downtime, and replacement can be a sustainable cost-effective solution, even though the initial material costs are higher.
Research on creep and shrinkage effects of steel-concrete-Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) composite structure under different construction methods
Authors: Guomin Deng , Shudong Shi , Xiaogang Ma , Dawei Zhang , Songsong Guo , Chao Liu
Published: February 2024

The shrinkage and creep effects of concrete is an indispensable calculation content in the design of concrete bridges and composite bridges. Based on past experience, the deformation of concrete slabs is constrained by steel plate. As a special concrete material, the shrinkage and creep mechanism of UHPC is similar to that of ordinary concrete. However, the shrinkage and creep rate of UHPC is different. This paper mainly calculates and analyses the shrinkage and creep effects of steel-concrete-UHPC composite slabs under two different construction conditions (cantilever construction and full framing construction). Firstly, the solid finite element method is used to simulate the shrinkage and creep effects of composite slabs. Then, the stress and deformation of each component in the composite slabs under the two construction conditions are compared and analysed. Finally, the influence of construction methods on the shrinkage and creep performance of the steel-concrete-UHPC composite slabs is revealed and summarized.
Butt-jointed reinforcement bars in the longitudinal joints of tunnel segments: Experimental investigation
Authors: Proksch-Weilguni Clemens , Decker Marion , Kollegger Johann
Published: February 2024

A tunnel lining built with a TBM {tunnel boring machine} consists of a large number of segments interacting via joints, that are commonly decisive for the design of the segment. In order to overcome this limitation, the Institute of Structural Engineering at TU Wien developed a novel reinforcement concept to enhance the longitudinal joint in terms of the ultimate load.

This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign on large scale test specimens investigating the load-bearing behavior of load transfer zones under compression with butt-jointed longitudinal reinforcement bars. The focus is on the effects of using a minimum transverse reinforcement on the load-bearing capacity of the segments. Based on the satisfactory results, it can be stated that the TU Wien reinforcement concept has a great potential for improving the performance of highly stressed tunnel segments.
GABM - Empowering the Micro Bridge Inventory Owners
Authors: Joshi Sachidanand , Thorat Atharvi , Dehadray Harshali , Tundalwar Mayuri , Surve Dinesh
Published: February 2024

World over Bridge Management [BMS] implementation is tilted towards owners having large bridge inventories. Implementing BMS is difficult for owners with less than 100 bridges. In certain pocket of India, most of the facilities and skills needed are available. The research was aimed to evolve BMS to suit the small inventory owners. The resultant application “Global Analytics for Bridge Management” [GABM] is aimed at empowering micro bridge inventory owners fulfilling the key objectives of BMS. Sustained research to provide thousands of micro-owners in India was a herculean task. GABM allows partial integration of BMS with the Bridge Information Model [BrIM]. Integration with Short term Structural Health monitoring allows risk-free monitoring of bridges in need of rehabilitation. Freedom to choose from the various functionalities in the GABM software does not result in the user losing any technical advantages of BMS. Software development for GABM was challenging. GABM renders operational ease in all operating systems.
Bridge construction using decommissioned wind turbine blades as a poverty alleviation centric technology: possibilities and implementation example
Authors: Piątek Bartosz , Rajchel Mateusz , Kulpa Maciej , Siwowski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Wind energy is the second most popular renewable energy source (RES) in the world after solar energy. The most important problem of using wind energy is the recycling of turbine rotor blades, which are made of FRP composites. Thanks to their shape and mechanical parameters wind turbine blades can be used in construction industry i.e. as bridge girders. Reused in this way, as a component of cheap house or bridge wind turbine blades can contribute in poverty alleviation. The paper presents the example of reusing wind turbine blade as a footbridge main girder. The design, numerical simulations as well as static and fatigue tests with the use of a distributed fibre optic sensors to assess the behaviour of the structure under load are described. Successful examination in the laboratory led to the first Polish implementation of a footbridge made of reused wind turbine blades. The main conclusions from this project and plans of the research team for future development of hybrid wind turbine blade - concrete bridge girder are also presented in the paper.
Deep vision-based stone deterioration assessment of Indian heritage structures using synthetic and real-time environment
Authors: Saravanan T. Jothi
Published: February 2024

The conservation or preservation of heritage-like historical structures is the inclusive part of sustainable development. Manually monitoring the damage and deterioration of historical structures over time is time-consuming and laborious. The workforce is significantly expanded, along with the likelihood of mistakes, in situations involving huge quantities of priceless cultural assets. As incorrect degradation diagnosis may lead to long-lasting structural damage in historic buildings, it's important to work on developing new inspection techniques. Computer vision techniques provide a practical way to reduce or do away with the need for human intervention in the field. The fundamental objective of this research is to create a fully automated visual inspection system to replace existing, costly approaches. The present study uses Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect damage in historic stone structures. This research work involves collecting images with vegetation from nearby historic structures, and generating synthetic images using Blender 3D's synthetic environment. A model for detecting or segmenting damage based on visual inspection is developed using this data. The model is trained with synthetic data and then tested using real-world images. Therefore, the Mask R-CNN algorithm is used to identify, localize, and plot the deteriorations in historical stone structures (defect considered vegetation class).
Experience as Incentive: Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility Through Bridge Design
Authors: Henriksen Jesper , Bendsen Susanne , Han Tony Ao , Wang Jin , Holmboe Tine , Merlo Catherine
Published: February 2024

Bicycle infrastructure creates environmental, social, and economic value in urban environments across cultures. Cities that invest in bicycle infrastructure reduce the number of cars on the road, save on infrastructure maintenance costs, and preserve greenspace within development plans. A bridge must not only solve specific traffic challenges but catalyse value creation and incentivize sustainable urban transport.

Exploring the intersection of architecture and user experience across bicycle bridges in Copenhagen, Denmark and Xiamen, China - Dissing+Weitling demonstrates how cycling infrastructure is a powerful tool for cities to incentivize sustainable urban mobility.
Use of terrestrial 3D laser scanning technology for examination of transportation structures
Authors: Yaroshutin Dmitry , Syrkov Anton , Kozak Nikolay , Shestovitsky Dmitry
Published: February 2024

The article considers the possibilities of using ground-based laser scanning technology in solving problems of surveying transport structures (bridges, roads, tunnels, culverts, retaining walls, etc.) located on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Difficult access conditions to structures, often requiring the use of scaffolding or the use of a rope method of insurance (industrial mountaineering), significantly increase labor intensity and reduce labor safety when performing simple tasks. Existing models of laser scanners allow to collect data in the absence of direct operator access to both the measured objects and the scanner itself.
Development of low-cost seismic isolators using scarp rubber tyre pads for sustainable disaster mitigation
Authors: Kumar Manish , Tulankar Dhanashree , Madhekar Suhasini
Published: February 2024

This research aims to develop low-cost and environmentally sustainable seismic isolator using scrap tyre rubber pads (STRPs), as an alternative to conventional elastomeric seismic isolators, which can be implemented at mass scale to safeguard remote rural communities, dense urban settlements, associated industries and infrastructure vulnerable to seismic events. The STRP bearings are manufactured through die-mould vulcanization of STRP pads and steel shims to achieve mechanical properties suitable for seismic isolation. The green and environment friendly approach is achieved by using the industry leftover such as scrap rubber tyre pads. The STRP seismic isolators would especially be beneficial to communities at high seismic risks which do not have access to advanced and costly seismic retrofit measures.
Opportunities in Civil Projects with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kjellgren Alexander , Kettil Per , Rempling Rasmus , Karlsson Mats
Published: February 2024

To analyse and compare different production methods, innovative designs and sustainability are essential keys in civil projects. A promising approach is to combine automated design methods supported by artificial intelligence (AI). The purpose of this study was to identify and describe knowledge gaps in this field and necessary method development. A series of interviews were performed with experienced personnel from the construction business in order to point out how evaluation of alternatives in today’s tender processes are performed. Furthermore, a literature review was carried out to determine the possibilities with AI. It can be concluded that requirement documents, and information management need to improve. Furthermore, several methods for multi-objective constrained optimization exists today. If this is combined with a set-based parametric design approach, contractors could increase their ability in finding opportunities.
Performance Evaluation of Off-Site Construction Method for Mass Housing Projects using Building Information Modelling (BIM) Approach
Authors: Nayaka Ramesh , Aravind Macharla
Published: February 2024

Mass housing is always in bulk and is referred to as mass housing and built by conventional method. However Modern methods of construction like Off-Site Construction (OSC) in mass housing has been researched very limited. In this context, this study attempted to use building information modelling (BIM) to evaluate the performance of OSC in mass housing projects. In this study BIM models of base and OSC developed and evaluated cost and time. Besides, COVID-19 impact on project also reported. The investigation results shown the cost effective of OSC in mass housing projects proven to be significant in terms of project time and cost savings by 67% and 23%, respectively. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the body of knowledge and may set guidelines for housing policy makers and construction practitioners with an option of adopting OSC and use of BIM to minimize overall project timeline and optimize the workforce.
Sustainable Solutions for Major River Crossings in Bangladesh
Authors: Sanders Paul , Steenfelt Jørgen S. , Bahra Amar , Worth James , Sahoo Prakash , Ferdous Quasi Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Bangladesh lies on the river delta formed as the Padma River enters the Bay of Bengal. Much of the country sits just above the water level and the topography is characterised by a vast network of rivers, some of which are several kilometres wide. In recent decades, the country has seen the need for development of its transport infrastructure to support its economic growth. A major challenge has been the design and construction of river crossings, which encounter deep scour channels and poor ground in these rivers. COWI has developed designs for a number of major bridge crossings in the south and east of Bangladesh. Along with this, COWI has developed designs for platforms to support high voltage transmission line towers, which adopt the same engineering approach as applied to bridges.
Sustainable and Green Construction Technologies in India
Authors: Nirmal Sanjay Kumar
Published: February 2024

India has taken up an ambitious Road Development Programme thereby planning Construction/Up- gradation of about 50000 km of National Highways in the next five years. This implies huge construction work in the road sector. As transport sector is responsible for about 14% of total energy related CO2 emissions and share of road transport in CO2 emissions is about 88% in India, there is huge scope to reduce CO2 emissions generated during construction by deploying low carbon measures. With the global focus shifting to low carbon transport, the highways sector offers a significant opportunity of reducing the carbon footprint of road transport. Mainstreaming of Sustainable and green construction technology included various measures including preparation of National Standards and Guidelines for construction materials & methods and developing green rating systems for Indian road sectors. Indian Roads Congress is an apex body of highway engineers with the mandate to prepare National Standards for entire road sector in India. Recently, IRC has prepared several codes and guidelines for promoting sustainable and green construction technologies. This paper discusses recent IRC codes on Sustainable and green solutions for reducing the carbon footprints of construction and maintenance works in road sector. The paper also discusses the challenges in the use of green technology in India and their possible solutions. The green rating system for Indian roads will also be useful in incentivizing various green technologies/materials.
Mechanical Performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete for Bridge Applications
Authors: Ojha P. N. , Singh Brijesh
Published: February 2024

Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an upcoming type of cement composites, which now a days getting extensive attention and is particularly applied to bridge engineering area, on account of its superior mechanical performance and durability. With introduction of Ultra-High Performance Concrete, there is need to develop equation and relationship which can predict modulus of elasticity, flexural and split tensile strength of Ultra-High Performance Concrete using indigenous materials. The study is done by analysing experimentally obtained test results of a total 120 specimens for flexural strength, 120 specimens for split tensile strength and 100 samples for modulus of elasticity of concrete. Based on the experimental results an empirical equation is proposed for the prediction of modulus of elasticity, flexural and split tensile strength for strength range of 15 to 150 MPa and is compared with the empirical equations available in the different International standards.
Seismic protection of built environment. The Revision of the European Standard EN 15129 on Anti-Seismic Devices
Authors: Zordan Tobia , Medeot Renzo
Published: February 2024

CEN officially created the TC 340: Anti-seismic Devices in 1993 with the task to proceed with the standardization of the seismic hardware for use in structures erected in seismic areas and designed in accordance with EUROCODE 8, with the aim of modifying their response to seismic action. This European Standard specifies functional requirements and general design rules thereof, material characteristics, manufacturing and testing requirements, as well as acceptance, installation and maintenance criteria. This Standard covers all types of Seismic Hardware in existence and leaves a door open to future progress. Also, the paper elucidates the criteria adopted for the pending revision of the EN 15129 that began in December 2015. In conclusion, this document summarizes the experience gained in Europe over the past 40 years in the field of Anti-seismic devices, which is dealt with through the application of very advanced criteria. This favours pro-gress inasmuch as it promotes loyal competition through clear and fair rules that protect the interests of the community.
A new IRC Guideline for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Extradosed Bridges in India
Authors: Bhowmick Alok
Published: February 2024

Initiated by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC), the official body that is responsible for developing standards and codes for Roads and Bridges in India and an institution which represents the think- tank on the subject, IRC constituted a body of experts under the aegis of the B-9 Committee 'Specialised Bridge Structure including Sea-Link', to formulate a guideline for the design, construction, and maintenance of extradosed bridges. Currently, there are more than 30 extradosed bridges existing or under construction in India. Many more are in the pipeline, in bidding stage. This paper highlights the salient features of the provisions in the guideline that is recently published by IRC.
Evaluation of longitudinal forces on substructure of railway bridges due to increased axle loading and speed through full scale field investigations
Authors: Sundaram B. Arun , Srinivas Voggu , Parivallal S. , Sasmal Saptarshi
Published: February 2024

Bridges are the vital link for the highway and railway networks. There has been much progress in bridge design in recent years with increasing use of advanced analytical design methods, use of new materials and new bridge concepts. The new generation of locomotives produce approximately twice the tractive effort of older locomotives due to which the bridge substructures are subjected to greater longitudinal forces than the design load. Instrumentation and field testing has to be carried out in a comprehensive manner to get the distribution of these longitudinal forces at different levels starting from the coupler level to the substructure level. The existing codal provisions on the evaluation of longitudinal force is initially discussed in this paper. Details of the instrumentation adopted and the experimental investigations carried out on a typical bridge is presented. The percentage of force being transmitted to the substructure was evaluated and compared with the codal provisions.
Classifying Failure Modes of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Fracture Beams Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Lakavath Chandrashekhar , Singh Mohit , Prakash S. Suriya
Published: February 2024

Due to its homogenized microstructure and discrete fibers, ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) possesses exceptional compressive and tensile strength. They also have excellent ductility, and durability. As UHPFRC is increasingly used in bridge construction, non- destructive health monitoring can be used to understand its damage behaviour. This study examines the fracture behavior of UHPFRC beams under different parameters, such as fiber volume fractions 1.0% and 2.0%. The Acoustic Emission (AE) is employed to monitor all test beam fracture processes and to determine the crack type. The unsupervised K-means clustering technique is used to analyze AE parameters based on peak frequency and amplitude parameters. The research findings indicated that the failure mode in UHPFRC notched beams was primarily due to fiber pullout. The conventional failure mode classification and k-means clustering are not the same. Similarly, the clustering classification is carried out using the peak frequency versus amplitude. The ranges are decided based on the type of failure modes, such as fiber pullout, matrix debonding, and combined fiber pullout and matrix cracking.
A sustainable roadmap for affordable housing in India. A benchmarking approach to achieve the SDGs
Authors: Francis Ann , Thomas Albert
Published: February 2024

Addressing the housing shortage in developing nations such as India has recently become a burning socio-economic problem. Meeting these housing needs contributes significantly to the economic and social growth of such economies. However, promoting such extensive housing development programs drastically strains many natural resources, including energy, water, and land, and leads to higher pollution and carbon emissions. In this context, sustainability benchmarking gains relevance. Benchmarking refers to defining targets or reference points for performance measurement in the context of a firm, product, or process. Therefore, this study introduces a benchmarking scheme for different sustainability indicators in the affordable housing segment in India. The study brings out crucial results regarding the country-level emission targets set for India to meet Goal 13 of the SDGs which is related to climate action.
29 Temmuz 2021 Mw=8.2 Chignik, Alaska Peninsula depremi deformasyonlarının bağıl konum belirleme servis sonuçları ile incelenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Deniz Öz , GÜNEŞ Özge
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışmada internet tabanlı bağıl konumlama GNSS veri değerlendirme servislerinin kullanımının IGS ağında koordinat değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 29 Temmuz 2021’de Alaska’da Mw=8.2 büyüklüğünde gerçekleşen deprem ele alınmıştır. Depremin meydana geldiği Alaska-Aleut bölgesinde yer alan 8 IGS istasyonu seçilmiştir. Bu istasyonların deprem gününü de içeren 15 günlük zaman serileri AUSPOS ve OPUS internet tabanlı GNSS veri değerlendirme servislerinden elde edilen koordinatlar kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Depremin gerçekleştiği noktaya yakın olan istasyonlarda yatayda 40 cm’ye; düşeyde ise 10 cm’ye varan deformasyon büyüklükleri elde edilmiştir. Her iki servisten elde edilen toposentrik koordinat bileşenlerindeki farkların dağılımı sıfır etrafında toplanırken; en büyük farklar kuzey-güney, doğu-batı ve yükseklik bileşenleri için sırasıyla yaklaşık 5 cm; 7 cm ve 2.5 cm’dir. Söz konusu bu farkların istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup olmadığını belirlemek için istatistiksel test uygulanmıştır. Test sonucunda, internet tabanlı servislerden elde edilen toposentrik koordinat bileşenleri arasındaki farkların anlamsız olduğu bulunmuştur.
Моніторингові обстеження флори ділянки русла річки Турія в м. Ковель по вулиці Сагайдачного
Authors: Коцун Лариса , Радзій Володимир , Коцун Борис
Published: February 2024

In 2021, the project of reconstruction of the Turia riverbed in the area of Sahaidachnoy Street in the city of Kovel, Volyn Region, in the area of the bridge crossing, was launched. In order to timely identify, prevent and eliminate the negative consequences of the impact of planned activities on the phytodiversity of the Turia River, post-project monitoring was carried out every quarter, which allowed to objectively assess the impact of the performed works on the plant cover. Studies have shown the recovery of typical aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation in the area of activity. Among aquatic plants Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith., Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton crispus L., Lemna minor L. Species Salvinia natans(L.) All are typical. recovered on the territory of the planned activity in shallow backwaters near the banks of the river with a projective coverage of 20-40%. Above and below the research site, the species shows high phytocenotic activity with a projective cover of 40-100%. Of the coastal water plants, typical are Butomus umbellatus L., Lycopus europaeus L., Glyceria maxima (C.Hartm.) Holmb, Lythrum salicaria L., Typha latifolia L., Rumexhydrolapathum Huds., Ranunculus sceleratus L., Myosotis scorpioides L, Mentha aquatica L., Bidens frondosa L., Iris pseudacorus L. The groups of Salvinieta natantis formation, Salvinietum natantis purum and Salvinietum (natantis) lemnosum (minoris) associations included in the Green Book of Ukraine were revealed; Nuphareta luteae formation group Nupharetum (luteae) salviniosum (natantis) association. The work carried out on the improvement of the banks of the Turia River had a positive effect on the spread of weeds, a lawn was created, and highly decorative cultivars of maple and willow were planted as solitaires.

The study of the territory of the Turia River above and below the planned activity proved the dominance of ruderal biotopes of perennial grasses with the dominance of anthropophytes, among which there are species with high phytocenotic activity. Their presence may have threatening consequences for the existence of the already reconstructed part of the Turia River bed. Among them, species dangerous to human health: Heracleum sosnowski Manden. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.