bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AESCHYNANTHUS PERROTTETII A.DC. (GESNERIACEAE) – A NEW RECORD FOR EASTERN GHATS
Authors: S Karuppusamy , V Ravichandran
Published: January 2020

Aeschynanthus perrottetii A.DC. (Gesneriaceae) were collected and reported in Kolli hills of Eastern Ghats for its new distributional record. The detailed description and photographs, flowering and fruiting period, distribution and ecological notes are given for its easy location and identification.
EVALUATION OF ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS USED BY THE MALAMUTHANS TRIBAL COMMUNITY IN THE MEDAPPARA FOREST, WESTERN GHATS OF KERALA
Authors: P.R Anjana , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

Medappara forest of Kerala was surveyed to list out the ethnobotanical plants used by Malamuthans tribal community. Totally 250 plants belonging to 86 families were reported to be present in the study area, in which Fabaceae family was the dominant one contributed 25 species followed by the families, Euphorbiaceae (16 species), Asteraceae (13 species) and Acanthaceae with 12 species and the distribution of species in the study area includes various life-forms viz., trees (81 species), shrubs (53 species), herbs (78 species), climbers (35 species) and epiphytics (3 species) habits respectively. Of the 250 plant species, 237 (95%) were recognized as medicinally important and also cures 127 types of ailments. Of the 250 plant species encounted at all life-form levels. Sixteen ailment categories were classified, among them a higher number of 110 species were prescribed by the Malamuthan ethnic community for Gastro Intestinal Ailment (GIA).
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS L.
Authors: A Kavitha , V Mary Kensa
Published: January 2020

The earth is home to a rich and diversity assemblage of living organisms. Natural plant products play a dominant role in the development of novel drug leads for the treatment and prevention of diseases. The phytochemical screening and qualitative estimation of Millingtonia hortensis showed that the leaves were richin steroids, terpenoids, fatty acids, tannins, saponins, anthocyanins, coumarins and emodins. Sulphated ash was higher than the total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash. The information obtained from the present study is useful during the time of collection and also during extraction process. Using thesestandards, the plant can be differentiated from other related species. This study will contribute to the existing knowledge over the standardization aspects of the raw drug M. hortensis.
THE POEMS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH: AN ECOCRITICAL OVERVIEW
Authors: A Vasuki
Published: January 2020

Eco-criticism emerged in the 1990’s and the critics changed their angles of vision and examined the works of art by focusing on the relationship between man and Nature. William Words worth, in particular, became the key icons of eco-critical studies. Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who has beenconsidered as a forerunner of English Romanticism. His views towards Nature and man’s treatment of Nature have supported his position as an important icon of eco-critical studies. His fame lies in the general belief that he has been viewed as a Nature poet who viewed Nature superior to humans. In other words, his views about Nature and his poems seek to heal the long-forgotten wounds of Nature in the hope of reaching unification between man and Nature. With the emergence of Eco-criticism as a new critical approach in the 1990’s, Romantic poetry, in general, and William Wordsworth, in particular, became the icons of eco-critical studies. He was the foremost Romantic poet who cared for the creation of symbiosis between man and Nature. William Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who is considered as a forerunner of English Romanticism. His contributions to the repository of English literature are undoubtedly a token of hisgreatness among his contemporaries. His views towards Nature and man’s treatment of Nature have supported his position as an important icon of eco-critical studies. His fame lies in the general belief that he has been viewed as England’s greatest Nature poet who viewed Nature superior to human being whosesurvival is dependent upon Nature. Wordsworth intends to show the value of survival of human being in Nature. Though literary critics talked about the eco-critical concepts in the past, the present paper highlights a recent literary approach to Eco-criticism studies, “the relationship between literature and physicalenvironment” in the poems of William Wordsworth.
VARIATIONS OF PROXIMAL COMPOSITION IN PILEA MICROPHYLLA (L.) LIEBM DUE TO DESICCATION AND REHYDRATION IMPACTS
Authors: G.M Greeshma , K Murugan
Published: January 2020

Water deficiency is the most significant abiotic stress factor for land plants. Most plants are unable to survive desiccation to the air dry state. There are however a few species from lower plant groups to flowering plants that tolerate desiccation known as resurrection plants. So, the present investigation was undertaken tostudy the biochemical changes in Pileamicrophylla against desiccation (1, 3, 5 and 7 days) and rehydration (30 min) stress. As an initial part of the study total sugar, protein and proline content were analyzed and showed a gradual decline during the stress periods. The SDS-PAGE analysis of protein indicated thedisapperance of certain bands in the desiccated and rehydrated samples (7D) when compared to the control indicating the denaturation of proteins during stress. Similarly, the appearance of new bands (15kDa on 3D and 20 and 17kDa on the 5D) were noticed suggesting the formation of stress related proteins to tide over desiccation. The amount of free amino acids increased in P. microphylla, in pace with desiccation periods. Constitutive increase in the level of proline (the stress amino acid) accumulation is seen when compared with the control i.e., 6 fold higher than that of the control, after exposed to desiccation for 5 D. Increase in proline level relating to exposure time of desiccation stress suggests its role as osmolyte. Similarly, a reduction in chlorophyll level and an increase in carotenoid were also observed during stress. Decrease of total chlorophyll content was observed with duration of desiccation. The decrease in chlorophyll a and b was recovered during rehydration up to 5 D. Further studies are warranted at molecular level in terms of stress proteins and genes involved in desiccation tolerance in this plant.
DECIPHERING THE BOTANICALS IN THE ‘IRULAPAMBUKADI CHOORNAM’ AN ANTIDOTE AGAINST SNAKE BITE
Authors: R Gnanavel , Charles Jose Franklin
Published: January 2020

To collect first-hand information about ‘Irula Pambukadi Choornam’ (‘IPC’) and its botanicals an antidote against snake bite. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted in different Irula settlements of Tamil Nadu, using a questionnaire. This study revealed a total of 10 antidote plant belongs to 9 genera and 9 families.The present investigation was aimed at conserving largely herbal drug knowledge and availing to the scientific world the plant therapies used as anti-venom in the society
SNAKE RESCUES; A CONSERVATION EFFORT IN KANNUR DISTRICT
Authors: R Roshnath
Published: January 2020

Snakes can be found near human habitation because of different reasons of which abundance of prey (rodents) is the major fact. This draws conflict between snakes and humans. Even though snakes are protected with Indian Wildlife Act of 1972, they are generally regarded dangerous creatures to man and whenever spotted deserve no mercy. Hence, recues of the snake is an important factor for conserving the species. Trends in the population of snakes are difficult to monitor due to its sporadic distribution and secretive nature of snakes. Lack of knowledge about the population concerns any conservational plans. Thisdata attempt to document the diversity, population and seasonality of the snakes rescued in Kannur by Rapid response team from October 2011 to October 2014 in Kannur district. A total of 1427 snakes comprising 16 species were rescued in Kannur district of which 65% were venomous snakes. Indian Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja; 44.1%) were found to be common venomous snake encountered in the district. Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii; 14.8%), Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus; 3.4%), King Cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah;2.5%) and few cases of Malabar Pit-Viper (Trimeresurus malabaricus;0.1%), Common Cat Snake ( Boiga trigonata;0.2%) and Forsten’s Cat snake (Boiga forsteni;0.1%) are the other venomous species.. Indian Rock Python (Python molurus; 30.1%) was the commonly rescued non-venomous snake in Kannur. Other non-venomous snakes were Rat snake (Ptyas mucosa; 1.8%), Common Trinket snake (Coelognathus helena; 1.3%), Wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus; 0.4%), Common Kukri (Oligodon arnensis; 0.1%), Common sand boa (Eryx conicus; 0.3%) and Red sand boa (Eryx johnii; 0.5%). Seasonal variations in the number of rescued snakes were discussed. Knowledge of activity pattern of the snake in the district can be used for successful management and conservational plans. Waste management, rodent control, reducing hideout places etc were suggested to decrease the number of snakes entering into house compound. Promoting awareness about the local snake among the public is as important as rescue activities. The increase in rescue call by 40% in 2013 can be taken as one of the successes of the awareness programs conducted across the district.
MORMPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOFORMS FROM DOLCIHOS BIFLORUS L.: A SEARCH
Authors: S.G Sreelekshmi , K Murugan
Published: January 2020

Three distinct morphoforms of horse gram (Dolichos biflorus Linn.) are recognized from the colour of the seed. The common morphoform is one with the buff seed coat (brownish colour). Others are cream and black seed coat types. The black seeded type is generally shorter in duration and low in vigour. In this contextan attempt was made regarding the preliminary analysis of the morphoforms of D. biflorus. Morphometric characteristics were analyzed both in the seedlings and mature plants which includes length of the seedling, primary root, number of lateral roots, R/S ratio and vigour index. The mean data thus obtained are tabulated. There was no marked variation in seedling between the morphoforms. The variation between these was not significant statistically. Mean morphometric data of mature plants were statistically significant at 99.9% probability level. Foliar characteristics such as length of leaf varied from 9.1 to 9.7 cm, which were not statistically significant. However, the mean length of rachis shows significant variation at P < 0.05. Although there were slight variations in leaflets characteristics, they were not statistically significant between morphoforms. The duration of flowering ranged from 67 to 69 days. The black seed morphoform flowered a little earlier. However, there was no significant variation related to flowering period between the morphoforms.
CONSERVATION OF RARE MEDICINAL PLANT BY RAPID CALLUS INDUCTION FROM LEAF, NODE AND INTERMODAL EXPALNTS OF THALICTRUM JAVANICUM BLUME.
Authors: Gurunathan Abinaya , Subramanium Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

The callus culture of Thalictrum javanicum Blume was generated from leaf, node and internodal explants. Different growth regulators are greatly influenced in the growth of callus cultures. The callus was obtained from leaf, node and internodal explants by inoculating them on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of growth regulators viz., auxins (IAA, NAA), and cytokinin (BAP) were used. The supplementation of medium with BAP (3.8) and IAA (0.1) was suitable for the efficient callus induction when compared with others.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION BY USING TENDER LEAF PART OF GREWIA TILIIFOLIA VAHL.
Authors: Haridas Renjini , P Sumathi , Thomas Binu
Published: January 2020

This study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical potential of different extracts of tender leaf part of Grewia tiliifolia Vahl which are commonly used in Ayurveda drug preparations. Tender leaf part of G.tiliifolia subjected to analyze the phytochemical constituents by using qualitative and quantitative methods.The results of the present investigation revealed that the presence of flavonoid, phenol, tannin glycoside, resin, steroids, terpenoids and triterpenoids in different solvent extract like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Tender leaves of the species which exhibited well marked potential activity and rich in secondary metabolite contents (flavonoids and phenols).
MAPPING OF RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN SRM UNIVERSITY: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY
Authors: R Senthilkumar , G Ulaganathan
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses about the published research articles and its citation available in the Indian Citation Index by the authors from SRM University. The relevant data are collected from Indian Citation Index and it was analyzed. It shows among the 510 articles, the maximum of 157(30.78%) articles published in 2015 and minimum of 1 (0.20%) articles published in 2005. Based on the citation during the period 153 citations were made. Among the 153 Citations, maximum of 32 (20.92%) citations in 2010 and minimum number of citation 1 (0.65%) in 2006 & 2007, was identified.
DOMINATION AND TOTAL DOMINATION IN INTUITIONISTIC TRIPLE LAYERED SIMPLE FUZZY GRAPH
Authors: L Jehruth Emelda Mary , K Ameenal Bibi
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we discussed domination and total domination in Intuitionistic fuzzy graph. We determined the domination number γ and total domination number γt in Intuitionistic Triple in Intuitionistic Triple Layered Simple fuzzy graph (ITLFG) and also verified the existence of 2-domination in intuitionistic Triple Layered simple fuzzy graph Layered Simple fuzzy graph (ITLFG) and also verified the existence of 2-domination in intuitionistic Triple Layered simple fuzzy graph
DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF SOME MANGROVES AND ASSOCIATED PLANT SPECIES OF PAYANGADI, KANNUR
Authors: P.V Gayathri , C.R Lalitha
Published: January 2020

Mangroves are trees inhabiting the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical coast. They are classified as true mangroves and mangrove associates. In the present study leaf samples of various age groups from five mangrove species and six mangrove associated species were selected for the estimation of chlorophyll content. True mangroves showed comparatively high amount of chlorophyll than mangrove associates and moreover in medium aged leaves chlorophyll contents were more than young and old leaves.
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN AND AROUND MARANDAHALLI VILLAGE, DHARMAPURI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Authors: K.K Vijayakumar , M Parimala
Published: January 2020

The present ethnobotanical investigation was carried out from December, 2016 to February, 2017 to identify the medicinal plants used by local people residing in and around Marandahalli village, Dharmapuri District regularly. A total of 58 medicinal plants were identified on basis of available first hand information from local people inhabiting in the study area, from literature survey and internet. Out of 58 medicinal plants documented in the study area, only 27 plants have been used by them for the treatment of various diseases like fever, intermittent fever, cough, asthma, jaundice, gastric problems, urinary disorders, dry skin disease,psoriasis, skin allergies, leucoderma, burning skin, liver disorders, snake bite, memory power, ulcer, diabetes,stomach aches etc., The plants were also to be used in different  forms such as juice, decoction, powder and past. Authentication is needed to validate the usage.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND HPTLC FINGER PRINTING ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT PUERARIA TUBEROSA (ROXB. EX WILLD.)DC
Authors: Viji Zereena , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

The medicinal value of a plant lies in the phytoconstituents present in it. These phytochemical compounds form the base of modern drugs. The aim of the present study is to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the traditional medicinal plant Pueraria tuberosa and to develop HPTLC fingerprint profile of acetone extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done to identify the phytoconstituents and HPTLC studies were carried out. CAMAG make HPTLC system equipped with Linomat 5applicator, TLC scanner 3, Reprostar 3 and WINCATS-1.4.3 software were used. The present study revealed the presence ofcarbohydrates, proteins alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins in various extracts. The HPTLC fingerprint analysis of acetone extract of Pueraria tuberosa showed 10 peaks at 254nm. The components with Rf values 0.05, 0.21 and 0.72 were predominant with the percentage area of 34.52, 16.16 and 10.10respectively. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemicals, which were confirmed by the HPTLC fingerprint profile
INDIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF BOUCERSIA PROCUMBENS (GAMBLE) PLOWES - A RARE SUCCULENT PLANT
Authors: S Karuppusamy
Published: January 2020

Efficient protocols of callus culture indirect organogenesis were established for mature internodal segments of Boucerosia procumbens (Asclepiadoideae). When MS medium was supplemented with different concentration of auxins, the texture of the callus varied according to the nature of auxin. Optimum callus was developed on MS medium supplemented with 3mg/l IAA. Best response (65%) of callus proliferation was obtained when MS medium fortified with 2iP 2mg/l + Zeatin 0.5 mg/l. IAA was most effective in producing the highest frequency of organogenic culture. Regeneration of callus into plantlets could not be achieved inthe present study. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium fortified with 0.1 mg/l NAA. 57% of the rooted shootlets survived in the field.
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES MATHEMATICS PUBLICATIONS
Authors: R Senthil Kumar , G Ulaganathan
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses about the Asian countries Mathematics publications during the period of 1996-2016 and its citation available in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank data base by the authors from top 15 countries (based on publications). The relevant data are collected from Scimago Journal and Country Rankdata base and it was analyzed. It shows among the Asian countries Mathematics publications totally 833461 articles were published. Among the publications, maximum of 418170 (50.17%) articles published by China followed by Japan with 129674 (15.56%) publications and India is in 3rd place with 77303 (9.28%)publications during the study period.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL THIN FILMS FOR ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: B Chandar Shekar , R Ranjit Kumar , K.P.B Dinesh , C Sulana Sundar , S Sunnitha , K Punithavathi
Published: January 2020

Thin films of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared on pre-cleaned glass substrates by Dip Coating Method. FTIR spectrum was used to identify the functional groups present in the prepared films. The vibrational peaks observed at 1260 cm-1 and 851 cm-1 are assigned to C–C stretching and CH rocking of PVA.The characteristic band appearing at 1432 cm-1 is assigned to C–H bend of CH2 of PVA. The thickness of the prepared thin films were measured by using an electronic thickness measuring instrument (Tesatronic-TTD20) and cross checked by gravimetric method. XRD spectra indicated the amorphous nature of the films.Surface morphology of the coated films was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface revealed no pits and pin holes on the surface. The observed surface morphology indicated that these films could be used as dielectric layer in organic thin film transistors and as drug delivery system for wound healing.
PREDATOPHILY- A NEW POLLINATION MECHANISM REPORTED IN WESTERN GHATS
Authors: S Karuppusamy
Published: January 2020

Predatophily – a new pollination mechanism has been described from Impatiens, Sonerila and Strobilanthes species in the Western Ghats of India.
Bio-Assisted Synthesis Of Potassium Doped Ferric Sulphide Nanoparticles For Agricultural Applications
Authors: A.S Balaganesh , N Pavithra , R RanjitKumar , K.P.B Dinesh , B Chandar Shekar
Published: January 2020

A simple and cost effective green synthesis (Bio-Assisted) method was used to prepare Potassium doped ferric sulphide nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of potassium doped ferric sulphide shows characteristic peak at 617.2 cm-1 indicating M-O bond and shows the presence of K and Fe. The XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the NPs. The average crystallite size was found to be 7.02 nm. The observed FESEM images showed the agglomeration of nanoparticles and are sponge like structure. The study revealed that potassium doped ferric sulphide nanoparticles could be used for high yield in agriculture.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF SOME HYDRAZINIUM CARBOXYLATES
Authors: R Manimekalai , K Kuppusamy
Published: January 2020

Some new hydrazinium salt of aromatic carboxylic acids have been prepared by neutralization of acid with hydrazine hydrate in aqueous medium and characterized by Analytical, IR spectral and TG-DTA analysis. All compounds undergo two, three or four step decomposition yielding carbon residue as the final product. The in vitro antibacterial screening of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its hydrazinium salt against Escherichia coli have been investigated. The antibacterial activity of the prepared hydrazinium salt shows more promising activity than the free acid.
SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF PIPER LONGUM AND EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS
Authors: Mohanraj Kuppusamy , Srinath Naganathan
Published: January 2020

The herbal medicine is used from time immemorial to treat various common ailments like cold, cough and gastric problems. India has various system of treatment like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy which are devoid of side effects and treat the person with higher benefits. Piper longum fruitsand Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., leaves has been used as spices and for medicinal oil preparation for various treatment. We have made an attempt to elevate the importance of these herbal sources by understanding the antioxidant scavenging activity. We have extracted and processed the plants fruit andleaves using different solvents in 1:10 dilution such as petroleum ether, chloroform ethanol, hexane, methanol and distilled water. It was found that ethanol and methanol extract of Piper longum and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., has higher antioxidant activity when compared with the standard Vitamin C and IC50value was observed to be nearly 70μg/ml for all the tests
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA: DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT SCAVENGING POTENTIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Gokila Rajamani , Srinath Naganathan
Published: January 2020

Due to an increase in modernization, people suffer from various stresses related and sexual problems. In India, with various herbal reservoirs, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) plays an important role in treating the vital and vigour problem as well as in treating sexual problems. We made an attempt toelevate the importance of this herbal source by understanding its antioxidant scavenging activity. We have utilized the powder of this plant fruit and processed using different solvents in 1:10 dilution by dissolving with 3g of powder with 30ml of each solvent such as petroleum ether, chloroform ethanol, hexane, methanol and distilled water. It was found that methanol and chloroform extracts of W. somnifera, has higher antioxidant activity when compared with the standard Vitamin C was observed using the graph plotted as the percentage of inhibition of scavenging activity vs concentration and IC50 value was observed to be nearly 50 μg/mL for all the tests.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE LEAVES OF KEDROSTIS FOETIDISSIMA (JACQ.)COGN.
Authors: K Thenmozhi , K Karthika , S Manian
Published: January 2020

The objective of the study is to cover the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of traditional medicinal plant, Kedrostis foetidissima belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. This study includes organoleptic characters, physico-chemical analysis, fluorescence analysis, behaviour of leaf powder with different chemical reagents, phytochemical extraction, extractive yield and qualitative phytochemical screening. The preliminary screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and aminoacids which explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties and so it can be explored
ESTIMATION OF MICROBIAL BURDEN DUE TO DIFFUSED AND POINT SOURCES AT SPATIAL SCALE IN MIDDLE STRETCH OF RIVER BHAVANI, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU
Authors: P Nithya Jeniffer , Kumar Manish , R Logan Kumar
Published: January 2020

This study was aimed to estimate the microbiological status of river Bhavani which is the major life line of the surrounding area. The river water is used mainly for drinking, washing and swimming purposes. Water samples were collected from five sites (Pilloor, Effluent, Sweage I & II, Bhavanisagar reservoir) and theresults obtained were compared with WHO and EP standards for drinking and recreational water. In the present investigation station III and IV (which is Sweage I & II respective points) showed more numbers of microbes were present which cause the deadly diseases to human being as well as in aquatic, terrestrialorganism due the sewage discharges from the nearby towns. But in the case of lower stream (Bhavanisagar reservoir) that the counts of microorganism present in the reservoir was slightly reduced. The major groups of microorganisms were isolated and identified are E. coli, P. aerugionosa, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, Flavo bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. The results are alarming and show that alternative measures to reduce the pollution should be taken in favor of society
Ramification of gum arabic microencapsulation on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flowers using ultrasonic spray dryer
Authors: Zainol M.K. , Lew H.W. , Mohd. Zin Z. , Abd Razak S.B. , Mohd Maidin N. , Mamat Hasmadi
Published: January 2020

Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower is commonly used to treat various diseases and
has long been part of the science of phytomedicines. Ultrasonic assisted extraction
technique is a simple, cheap and efficient alternative to traditional extraction methods,
producing a much smaller particle size than conventional spray drier. This study was
aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of
microencapsulated butterfly pea flower (MEBP) powder prepared using ultrasonic
spraying technique. The samples were microencapsulated with different amount of Gum
Arabic (GA) (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%). Surface morphology of the MEBP powder was
examined using SEM showed different molecular structures in different MEBP powder.
FTIR analysis identified phenolic hydroxyl group (1061.69 cm-1
and 3385.36 cm-1
), sulfite
group (1062.01 cm-1
, 1065.92 cm-1
, 1077.15 cm-1
, 1234.72 cm-1
and 1261.74 cm-1
) and
amide group (1635.99 cm-1
, 1636.74 cm-1
, 1654.14 cm-1
and 3417.2 cm-1
). 2,2-diphenyl-1
-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total phenolic content (TPC), total
flavonoid content (TFC) found to be ranging from 35.85±0.57 to 130.85±3.00 mg GAE/g
dried sample, 4.32±0.04 to 6.90±0.11 mg QE/g dried sample, respectively. It was found
that Bacillus cereus was sensitive to MEBP powder as the results showed a prominent
inhibition zone (5.67±0.6 mm to 11.67±2.3 mm). MEBP produced with GA 6% ultrasonic
spray drier was found to be effective in sustaining its antioxidative activities and the
microbial activities were found to be active. This result provided useful information data
on the best technique to use ultrasonic spray dryer to retain antioxidant compounds.
PEMBUATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG SIPUT MURBAI (Pomacea canaliculata L.) SEBAGAI EDIBLE COATING NUGGET
Authors: Harianingsih Harianingsih , Budi Putri Maharani , Mafidyah Septiana Hadi
Published: January 2020

Siput murbai (Pomacea canalicunata L.) atau dikenal dengan “keong mas” sangat subur pertumbuhannya. Tingginya persebaran siput murbai sangat mengganggu aktifitas pertumbuhan padi. Pada penelitian ini sebagai salah satu bentuk penanggulangan persebaran siput murbai yang menyerang tanaman padi maka dilakukan pembuatan kitosan dari siput murbai sebagai edible coating pada beberapa makanan antara lain nugget. Konsentrasi kitosan yang diaplikasikan pada bahan makanan mempengaruhi masa simpan dari makanan tersebut, apalagi jika disimpan pada suhu kamar tanpa pendinginan. Kitosan yang diperoleh berasal dari deasetilasi menggunakan NaOH 40% pada suhu 100oC dalam waktu 60 menit. Variabel kitosan yang digunakan 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5% dan 3% yang dilarutkan dalam 1000ml aquades dan dipanaskan pada suhu 50oC. Nugget dicelupkan ke dalam larutan kitosan dari siput murbai selama 5 menit, dikemas dalam plastik dan disimpan selama 2, 4, 6 dan 8 hari untuk dianalisis jumlah mikroba dan analisis sensori makanan tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh semakin tinggi konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan sebagai edible coating semakin lama waktu simpan, akan tetapi hanya bertahan hingga 4 hari. Pada posisi hari ke-6 dan ke-8 jumlah mikroba yang diperoleh semakin banyak mencapai 5,2 x 106.
KANDUNGAN KARBOHIDRAT DAN KADAR ABU PADA BERBAGAI OLAHAN LELE MUTIARA (Clarias gariepinus B)
Authors: Sulistyoningsih Mei , Rakhmawati Reni , Setyaningrum Amalia
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine and study the techniques of tonic immobility, rectal temperature and meat moisture content of broilers. The subjects in the study were 100 unsex DOCs. The design used in this study was Complete Random Injection (CRD) with a 3 x 2 factorial pattern with herbal herbal factorial as many as 3 levels, while factor B treated 2 times with 4 replications, each replication of 4-5 broiler chickens. In this case J (2%) C1: feed commercial ration + ginger 2% + light 1L: 3D, J (2%) C2: feed commercial ration + ginger 2% + light 1L: 2D, K (0.2%) C1: feed commercial ration + turmeric 0.2% + light 1L: 3D, K (0.2%) C2: feed commercial ration + 0.2% turmeric + light 1L: 2D, S (3%) C1: feed ration commercial + bay leaves 3% + light 1L: 3D, S (3%) C2: feed commercial rations + leaves greetings 3% + light 1L: 2D. The research variables studied were the technique of tonic immobility, rectal temperature and broiler meat moisture content. The data obtained were then analyzed using variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5%, the results showed no significant effect (P> 0.05) of the six techniques on incompetence and energy intensity, there was a significant effect (P <0.05). ) the six faces of broiler meat water content.
Pre-emptive genomic surveillance of emerging ebolaviruses
Authors: Postigo-Hidalgo Ignacio , Fischer Carlo , Moreira-Soto Andres , Tscheak Patricia , Nagel Michael , Eickmann Markus , Drexler Jan Felix
Published: January 2020

Genomic surveillance during ebolavirus outbreaks to elucidate transmission chains and develop diagnostic tests is delayed by the laborious development of variant-specific laboratory assays. We developed a new protocol combining 31 parallel PCR assays with Illumina/MinION-based sequencing, allowing generic ebolavirus genomic surveillance, validated using cell culture-derived Ebola, Reston, Sudan and Taï Forest virus at concentrations compatible with patient viral loads. Our approach enables pre-emptive genomic surveillance of ongoing and future ebolavirus outbreaks irrespective of variant divergence.
Myo-Elektriksel Sinyaller İle İnsansız Kara Aracının Uzaktan Kontrolü
Authors: TAŞAR Beyda , TATAR Ahmet Burak , NAZLI Özgür , KALKAN Osman
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma kapsamında insansız bir kara aracının kişinin el ve parmak hareketleri ile uzaktan kontrolü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beyinden kol kaslarına iletilen ve kişinin el hareketlerini gerçekleştirmesini sağlayan Elektromiyografi (EMG) sinyalleri, kişinin koluna giydiği sekiz EMG sensör içeren bileklik vasıtası ile gerçek zamanlı olarak alınmıştır. Raspberry pi 3 gömülü sistem kartı üzerinde geliştirilen sinyal işleme, öznitelik çıkarımı ve sınıflandırma algoritmaları kullanılarak anlamlandırılmıştır. Başka bir deyişle el hareketin örüntüsü (el kapama, parmak açma, serçe parmak temas, bilek dışa bükme, vs.) ile EMG sinyal grubu arasındaki ilişkiler tanımlanmıştır. Anlamlandırılan her bir el hareketi araç için bir hareketi kontrol komutu (el kapama: araç ileri, parmak açma: araç dur, serçe parmağa temas: sola dönüş, bilek dışa bükme: sağa dönüş, vs.) olarak kullanılmıştır. Böylece insan – mobil araç etkileşim ağı kurulmuştur. Kurulan insan- mobil araç etkileşim ağı sayesinde el hareketleri ile mobil aracın gerçek zamanlı hareket kontrolü ortalama % 92 başarı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Constitución sin constitucionalismo. El problema sobre límites y control del poder en el poder constitucional y la democracia de derechos en el Ecuador
Authors: Córdova Vinueza Paúl
Published: January 2020

¿Por qué razones jurídicas la Constitución de 2008 se caracteriza por la concentración y centralización del poder? y ¿Cuáles son sus factores estructurales que menoscaban el desarrollo de una democracia constitucional y de los derechos iusfundamentales? A partir de estas interrogantes, el autor considera que la vigencia de un presidencialismo híper-poderoso aminora la formación de un sistema equilibrado de pesos y contrapesos institucionales y fractura la separación de poderes para la plena vigencia de un Estado republicano. Argumenta que los controles y límites al poder son el desafío pendiente del constitucionalismo ecuatoriano
Algunas consideraciones sobre una posible etiología de las malas prácticas y la corrupción en el ámbito de las administraciones públicas
Authors: Nevado-Batalla Moreno Pedro T.
Published: January 2020

De un somero examen de la realidad que se vive día a día en la Administración Pública, pueden identificarse planteamientos que favorecen la existencia de malas prácticas o casos de corrupción. Planteamientos que, pese a justificarse expresamente en el rechazo a aquel tipo de prácticas, ellos mismos, de manera inconsciente o consciente (en grave quebranto para el Estado de Derecho), llegan a facilitar, generando contradicciones y perplejidad jurídica. Tal vez la respuesta a los casos de malas prácticas o corrupción, que tanto daño están haciendo al Estado de Derecho y a la propia democracia, esté mucho más cerca de lo que pueda parecer. En este trabajo se abordan, de manera muy sucinta, algunas causas de lo que entendemos integra la etiología de un problema de cada vez mayor calado, que mina peligrosamente la organización administrativa.
REGISTRANDO PARA O FUTURO: FOTOGRAFIA E PATRIMÔNIO HISTÓRICO-DOCUMENTAL DE SÃO GABRIEL
Authors: Pereira Melina , Vieira Ramos Konrad Glaucia
Published: January 2020

Esta pesquisa apresenta o registro fotográfico das edificações de São Gabriel. Os registros utilizados compreendem as décadas de 1920 a 1941. Como podemos demonstrar através do arquivos fotográficos a desvalorização do patrimônio histórico cultural e arquitetônico de São Gabriel? Demostrará através dos registros fotográficos: identificando cada edificação com fotografias do ano de 1920 a 1941 e contando a história de cada edificação, comparando o antes e o depois. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de estudo e análise do Registro Fotográfico das edificações entre o ano de 1920 a 1941, demonstrando a importância da fotografia como documento arquivístico. As etapas desenvolvidas foram: a elaboração do referencial teórico, o registro fotográfico foi realizado em um arquivo pessoal e a seleção de 23 edificações. A etapa final foi fotografar as edificações entre 2016 e 2017. Conclui-se que o trabalho desenvolvido é de extrema importância para demonstrar a preservação da memória da cidade de São Gabriel e auxiliar futuras pesquisas, na arquitetura, arquivologia e história.
Real-world Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosing Bicuspid Aortic Valve Morphology: A Single Center UK Experience
Authors: Harrison Oliver James , Badran Abdul , Harky Amer , Muller Daniel , Shah Benoy N. , Ohri Sunil K.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) in assessing Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) morphology.

Methods

Case notes of 408 patients (>18 years old) undergoing elective Aortic Valve (AV) surgery over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Aortic valve data was collected from preoperative TTE reports and intraoperative records. The diagnostic accuracy of TTE for identifying AV morphology was assessed using intraoperative findings as the gold standard. One-hundred-and-eighty-nine (46.3%) patients had a recent TTE with complete morphological assessment of the AV and an operation note documenting AV morphology. Cases that were ‘unable to be determined’ on TTE were included as false negatives.

Results

TTE correctly identified AV morphology in 165 of the patients, equating to an accuracy of 79.1% (sensitivity = 72.4%, specificity = 87.3%). For BAV patients alone, accuracy was 81.3% (sensitivity = 65.8%, specificity = 90.0%), and for Tricuspid Aortic Valve (TAV) patients, accuracy was 77.1% (sensitivity = 75.5%, specificity = 81.4%). There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy of TTE for BAV and TAV (p = 0.464), nor was there any difference between valve calcification (p = 0.196) and functional disease (p = 0.088).

Conclusion

Our data suggests that identification of BAV from TTE requires expertise and therefore it is operator dependent. A larger study is required to confirm our findings.
Categorical Inequality in Black and White: Linking Disproportionality Across Multiple Educational Outcomes
Authors: Shores Kenneth , Kim Ha Eun , Still Mela
Published: January 2020

We characterize the extent to which Black-White gaps for multiple educational outcomes are linked across school districts in the United States. Gaps in disciplinary action, grade-level retention, classification into special education and Gifted and Talented, and Advanced Placement course-taking are large in magnitude and correlated. Racial differences in family income and parent education are strikingly consistent predictors of these gaps, and districts with large gaps in one outcome are likely to have large gaps in another. Socioeconomic and segregation variables explain 1.7 to 3.5 times more variance for achievement relative to nonachievement outcomes. Systemic patterns of racial socioeconomic inequality drive inequalities across multiple educational outcomes; however, discretionary policies at local levels are more influential for nonachievement outcomes.
On nontrivial means of grammatical economy in the history of the Slavic languages
Authors: Galinskaya Elena
Published: January 2020

Apart from universal ellipsis of a repeated element in analytical forms, the
Slavic languages make use of nonstandard means of grammatical economy in
verbal constructions. The author applies the data of the Old Church Slavic, Old
Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian languages.
Notes on Balkan beekeeping terminology. ‘Apiary’ and ‘beehive’ (based on the data of the Concise dialectological atlas of the Balkan languages)
Authors: Domosiletskaya Marina
Published: January 2020

The article looks at the main principles of making various types of maps, which were applied in the lexical volume ‘Beekeeping’ of the Concise dialectological atlas of the Balkan languages. The author presents three maps reflecting the notion ‘apiary’ and the micro field ‘beehive’, as well as the related data.
Data on distrubution of the phonemes /o/ and /ô/ in the South Russian dialect of the village of Rogovatoye
Authors: Dyachenko Svetlana , Krylov Sergey , Malysheva Anna , Ter-Avanesova Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

The paper provides information on the distribution of phonemes /o/ and /ô/ in the South Russian dialect of the village of Rogovatoye (Stary Oskol region, Belgorod district), presenting it in the form of a concise dictionary, which includes data on the reflexes of *o and *ъ in stems, some cases of /o/ and /ô/ that stay for *a, *ě, *e in stems, /o/ and /ô/ in loanwords and a list of inflections with reflexes of *o and *ъ.
Vowel lengthening in Juraj Križanić’s subdialect in comparison with Čakavian and Kajkavian data
Authors: Oslon Mikhail , Kapović Mate
Published: January 2020

The article discusses neo-circumflex, neo-acute and pre-resonant vowel lengthenings in Juraj Križanić’s “Čakavian-Kajkavian” subdialect, as evidenced by his writings. All (non-)lengthening positions in Križanić’s subdialect are thoroughly analyzed and systematically compared with the same positions in Štokavian, Čakavian, Kajkavian and Slovenian. This confirms the Čakavian genetic base of Križanić’s subdialect (which, unlike Kajkavian, displays the results of Čakavian pre-resonant lengthening) with an additional, probably morphonological, but quite early, isogloss of neo-circumflex lengthening in some of the Kajkavian positions, as well as perhaps a phonetic isogloss of neo-acute lengthening in a greater number of positions (the latter, too, may in fact be morphonological, yet lacking phonetic counterexamples). As shown by the data from Križanić’s dialect area, his subdialect, in terms of the lengthenings discussed, coincides with what we can deduce about the older situation in Ribnik, Križanić’s birthplace (the subdialect spoken in Ribnik has subsequently undergone considerable phonetic stress retractions and some later Kajkavian influence).
Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped AM Lidar with a Dual Unipolar Signal
Authors: Redman Brian
Published: January 2020

This paper is a follow-up to three previous papers: the first introducing the new Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped Amplitude Modulation (AM) Lidar (PC-CAML) with the unipolar Digital Logic Local Oscillator (DLLO) concept, the second introducing the improvement thereof using the bipolar DLLO, and the third introducing the improvement of digital In-phase and Quadrature-phase (I/Q) demodulation.In that previous work, the signal was a single unipolar chirped sinusoidal or square wave. This paper introduces a new bitstream PC-CAML transceiver architecture that combines two unipolar chirped signals, referred to as the dual unipolar signal, to form a single bipolar signal in the receiver. (patent pending) This bipolar signal is mixed with the bipolar DLLOs in the in-phase (I) digital mixing and quadrature-phase (Q) digital mixing channels for digital I/Q demodulation for improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to that when using a single unipolar signal.The simulation results presented in this paper indicate an SNR improvement for the dual unipolar chirped sinusoidal signal bitstream PC-CAML compared to that of the unipolar chirped sinusoidal signal bitstream PC-CAML (both with bipolar DLLOs and digital I/Q demodulation) of from about 3 dB to about 6 dB for signals below the onset of receiver saturation, and an improvement for maximum achievable SNR of about 13 dB if the receiver is allowed to saturate.The bitstream PC-CAML with a dual unipolar signal and bipolar DLLOs with digital I/Q demodulation architecture discussed in this paper adds complexity to the transmitter and receiver compared to the architectures presented in the previous papers. Whether or not this additional complexity is worth the improved SNR will have to be decided as part of system trade studies for particular systems and their applications.However, the new architecture still retains the key advantages of the previous bitstream PC-CAML architectures since it still replaces bulky, power-hungry, and expensive wideband RF analog electronics in the receiver with digital components that can be implemented in inexpensive silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) read-out integrated circuits (ROICs) to make the bitstream PC-CAML with a DLLO more suitable for compact lidar-on-a-chip systems and lidar array receivers than previous standard PC-CAML systems.This paper introduces the dual unipolar signal and bipolar DLLOs with digital I/Q demodulation transceiver architecture for bitstream PC-CAML, and presents the initial SNR theory with comparisons to Monte Carlo simulation results.
Antioxidant Activity of Pidada (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) Fruit Extract by DPPH Method
Authors: Okzelia Sari Defi , Nurdaini Maulida
Published: January 2020

Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. or commonly called pidada fruit is one type of mangrove thatis commonly found in the coastal areas of Muara Gembong, Bekasi, West Java. Pidadacontains vitamins and secondary metabolite compounds that are beneficial for health. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the concentration of ethanolic extract, n-hexanefraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and butanol fraction of pidada fruit that could inhibit 50%absorbance of DPPH as free radical. Extraction was conducted by maceration method using96% ethanol, then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol as therepresentatives of nonpolar, semipolar and polar solvent. This study used vitamin C andvitamin E as positive controls. The percentage of antioxidant activity was obtained from thedata absorbance. IC50 values obtained from linear regression between the concentration oftested series versus the percentage of antioxidant activity. The results showed that the ethanolextract of pidada fruit possessed very strong antioxidant activity while n-hexane fractionpossessed weak antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction possessed strong antioxidantactivity, and butanol fraction possessed very weak antioxidant activity. IC50 values of ethanolextract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and butanol fraction of pidada fruit were32,58; 191,31; 96,02 and 371,16 ppm respectively.
Legal Whataboutism
Authors: Cheung Alvin Y.H.
Published: January 2020

Suppose that a regime incumbent wants to make changes to legal norms or institutions that cannot be disguised as administrative rules or otherwise hidden from view. How might it justify such changes to its subjects and to the outside world? The literature on “constitutional worst practices” and “isomorphic mimicry” suggests emulating “best” practices from other jurisdictions. Such emulation need not be thorough, or even sincere; it may suffice simply to assert that a proposed change resembles that in a jurisdiction with ironclad rule-of-law credentials – a form of legal “whataboutism.”
The whole is equal to the sum of its parts: pigeons (Columba livia) and crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) do not perceive emergent configurations
Authors: Goto Kazuhiro
Published: January 2020

We previously demonstrated that chimpanzees, like humans, showed better accuracy and faster response time in discriminating visual patterns when the patterns were presented in redundant and uninformative contexts than when they were presented alone. In the present study, we examined the effect of redundant context on pattern discrimination in pigeons (Columba livia) and large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) using the same task and stimuli as those used in our previous study on chimpanzees. Birds were trained to search for an odd target among homogenous distractors. Each stimulus was presented in one of three ways: (1) alone, (2) with identical context that resulted in emergent configuration to chimpanzees (congruent context), or (3) with identical context that did not result in emergent configuration to chimpanzees (in- congruent context). In contrast to the facilitative effect of congruent contexts we previously reported in chimpanzees, the same contexts disrupted target localization performance in both pigeons and crows. These results imply that birds, unlike chimpanzees, do not perceive emergent configurations.