bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Vocational Education and Training to 2025 in the Context of the European Skills Agenda
Authors: Dimitrova Emiliyana
Published: September 2021

The article presents the requirements for the development of vocational education and training until 2025 in the light of the Osnabruck Declaration. The Declaration describes the objectives to be achieved at European and national level in the following areas of development: resilience and excellence through quality, inclusive, and flexible vocational education and training; establishing a new lifelong learning culture – relevance of CVET and digitalisation; sustainability – a green link in VET European Education and Training Area and international dimension of vocational education and training.
Creating a Life-Support System for Astronauts on a Mission to Mars
Authors:   Ivan Vazov High School in Foreign Languages, Kostadinova Hristina
Published: September 2021

The more space science develops, the clearer it is that future generations of our civilization will control, inhabit and travel in space around the Earth. It is hard to imagine that astronauts’ long missions in future will be realized in an only technological environment. Building a life-sustaining system for astronauts on a mission to Mars is our main goal. For the development of an effective life-sustaining unit for use on long space and crewed flights, we need fresh food. The plants, we selected, are radishes (Raphanus sativus) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) but it is also necessary to work on the supply of proteins and fats. By calculating the specific nutritional needs of astronauts, we can keep them healthy on long duration space explorations. Water recycling is absolutely necessary. It reduces the load on board the spacecraft. The effect of the physical activity on the oxygen consumption has to be taken into account on spacecraft. For the successful growth of radishes and spirulina, the photosynthetic active radiation supply has to be at least 2μmol/m2/s. In the 2 μmol/m2/s treatment. The most effective influence on both mass and length of cotyledons of radishes, exerted the green and the yellow light. On the other hand, the accumulation of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B) was influenced by the blue and green spectrum of light. The most favourable influence on the accumulation of carotenoids exerted the green and the yellow light. We weighed the mass of spirulina in photosynthetic active radiation 2 μmol/m2/s. According to collected data, the green and the red light were the most favourable for the accumulation of biomass of spirulina. We analysed the concentration of chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in the biomass. Under the influence of yellow and red lights, chlorophyll A and B were accumulated in a huge amount. The most favourable influence on the accumulation of carotenoids exerted the green and the yellow light.
Next lesson – Let's Go to the Theater!
Authors:   P. Kr. Javorov Secondary School, Dimitrova Rozalina
Published: September 2021

Theatrical pedagogics allows for the considerable change of the ordinary school lessons and transforms its educational objectives. The students become stronger in their confidence of their skills to use Russian language as a means of communication and willingness to improve their knowledge. Dramatization in Russian language brings positive emotional experience, cultivates creative abilities in children, adds to their personality, trains interest towards the Russian language and Russian culture. Theatrical lessons create conditions for increasing motivation in studying Russian language with lessons in Russian as a foreign language.
La contabilidad, sus fundamentos y desarrollo: particularidades en el sector empresarial ecuatoriano
Authors:   Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres”, Gruezo Estacio Marlon Votaire , Gruezo Quiñonez Angela Elizabeth ,   Fondo de Terceros del Instituto de Seguridad Social, Oyarvide Ramírez Harold Paúl ,   Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres, Oyarvide Estupiñán Nataly Samara ,   Instituto de Seguridad Social
Published: September 2021

In correspondence with the development of mankind, incomparable actions supported by cultural, social and economic events, compromised the appearance of certain methods and principles of control in the productive areas - commercial, financial - economic and state - prosecutor different economic activities, among which is accounting. Research focuses on the analysis of the object of the accounting activity, criminal record dating from the origins of man in society; accounting born, it undergoes transformation and develops, before and after its discovery and independence. There is now a general consensus in the accounting literature and related disciplines of the need to take account surpluses and control that business activities. Keywords: human development, methods and principles of control, accounting process.
DOMINATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF TERNARY PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION: GUAIFENESIN/LEVOCETIRIZINE/ AMBROXOL HCL AND STABILITY STUDIES
Authors: P.D Anumolu , G Sunitha , N Swathi , Manaswini Sri , A Radha Gayatri , Reddy M Sunayana ,   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 090, Telangana, India,   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 090, Telangana, India
Published: September 2021

The present investigation was aimed to establish a liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of guaifenesin, levocetirizine and ambroxol HCl in ternary fixed dosage form. The three drugs were swiftly resolved using ODS C18 reverse phase column with mobile phase consisting of ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 4.5: acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 236 nm. The retention time values were 2.231, 2.772 and 6.309 min, respectively, for guaifenesin, levocetirizine and ambroxol HCl. The response was a linear function of analyte over the concentration range of 12.5-75 µg/mL, 0.625-3.750 µg/mL and 3.75-22.5 µg/mL with correlation co-efficient value of 0.999. Maximum recovery (99.12-101.2 %) was obtained in ternary liquid oral formulation (Leoriv plus syrup). Three drugs were well resolved from their degradation products and net degradation was calculated in acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and UV conditions. The proposed method enables the simultaneous quantification of guaifenesin, levocetirizine and ambroxol HCl in routine QC laboratories.
Etiology and Manifestation of Dyslexia among Grade Six Pupils in Eastern Zambia
Authors: Mwanamukubi Linda , Imasiku Mwiya L
Published: September 2021

The terms dyslexia and reading disability are often used interchangeably. There are so many children who encounter reading problems in Zambia to an extent that some of them might complete seven years of primary education without the ability to read even a three letter word (MoE, 1992).A study conducted in Zambia by MatafWali (2005) revealed that, 49.1% of the grade three pupils could not read words at all. In addition, 57.5% could not read any single sentence. According to Kelly (2000), the reading level in some grade six pupils fell within the level expected of grade four. Therefore, it means that teachers who teach reading to dyslexic pupils face a lot of challenges. It is a well documented factor that-, in the western world, reading disabilities play a major role amongst children who drop out of school and/or become delinquent (Zieman, 1999). In addition, it is important to know the factors which cause dyslexia so as to remediate the problem. The objective of the present study was to identify reading disabilities among grade six pupils and challenges that teachers face in teaching reading to these pupils. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents and then questionnaires were administered to those who agreed to participate in the study. Simple random sampling was used to come up with the required number of pupils using the class registers. Teachers were given questionnaires to answer on their own after they had understood the instructions. For the pupils, questionnaires had to be answered on a one-to-one basis with the researcher. The research design of this study was a quasi experimental design. A total of one hundred and ninety two (192) pupils and fourteen (14) teachers drawn from two districts in eastern Zambia were enrolled in the study. Results show that there was a moderate effect of lighting system at home and one's reading ability (F (10, 154) — 3.188, p < .05, partial = 9.4). As such, the nature of lighting system at home does not really affect
Affrication of Voiced Labials (/B, V/) in Changana
Authors: Ngunga Armindo , Cossa Célia A
Published: September 2021

This article describes and analyses the frication of the voiced labial

consonants (/b/ and /v/) in Changana, a Bantu language (S53, in Guthrie’s

1967-1971 classification). In the light of the autosegmental phonology (Leben

1973, 1978, 2006; 1973, Goldsmith 1976, 2004; Odden 1986) combined with

the Feature Geometry theory, the article discusses phonological processes

that turn voiced labials into labial-alveolar affricate [bz]. In this study, we

assume that the process of hiatus resolution by gliding is the trigger of the

alteration under analysis. That is, when derivative suffixes with low vowel

(/a/) and the high front vowel (/i/) in the initial position are attached to

words with rounded vowels (/o, u/) in final position in some morphological

processes such as diminutivisation and locativisation, the results are

undesirable sequences (hiatus). In order to resolve such hiatus, a series

of phonological processes such as the turning of the rounded vowel in the

word final position into labial-velar glide allowing the adjacency of voiced

labials with labial glide which violates the Obligatory Contour Principle

(OCP) takes place. The present study analyses the OCP using empirical

Changana data collected both in the fieldwork supplemented by data from

other sources including bibliographical and introspective data. The article

is organised as follows. Firstly, it discusses the theoretical framework;

secondly it analyses the Hiatus Resolution in Changana; thirdly, it analyses

the data and lastly, it presents the main conclusions of the study.
Didactic Titles in Literature: A Look at Selected Zambian-Language Literary Works
Authors: Kondala Shadreck
Published: September 2021

This paper is a descriptive exploration of selected titles of Zambianlanguage literary works that contain in them didactic aspects, that is, forms of general advisory statements and proverbs/sayings as actual titles of the particular books. It demonstrates that the use of proverbial titles makes these works of fiction more concerned with didacticism rather than

entertainment. This moralistic disposition which apparently seems to be

a trademark of many authors in Zambian languages is a manifestation of the influence of traditional African orature in general and Zambian oral cultures in particular which places emphasis on the teaching of moral values in storytelling. This paper is guided by two literary theoretical approaches namely: the sociological approach which posits that literature should act as a mirror of society as well as to provide solutions for the society; and the ethical approach especially the idea that art should be morally sound.
VN Phrasal Compounds in Cinyanja
Authors: Njobvu Naomi
Published: September 2021

This article aims at discussing verb-noun compounds with a locative prefix in the nominal part of the compounds in Cinyanja. The singular and plural forms of the compounds have been presented to show that the complex forms are nouns. With regard to the internal structure, the compounds show that they have a phrasal structure. Since verb-noun compounds in this study resemble the structure of synthetic compounds in English, the analysis of these words followed the syntactic approach. The results show that internally, the compounds with a locative have a verb phrase internal structure, and follow the verb-argument word order. In the syntactic context, it is shown that the compounds with the phrasal internal structure function as determiner phrases because they can appear in the subject and object positions in simple sentences and relative clauses. Further, the entire compound word can be modified by adjectives, and be coordinated with simple nouns, which suggests that the compounds with a locative are indeed determiner phrases. Finally, with the application of the lexical integrity hypothesis, the results reveal that the compounds with the locative in the nominal part are genuine compounds because they adhere to the lexical integrity principle.
Inclusion or Exclusion? Critical Needs of Hearing Impaired Learners during an English Reading Comprehension Lesson
Authors: Hara Agness Chimangeni Chaliwa
Published: September 2021

Drawing on the social inclusion theoretical model, this study examines critical needs of

hearing impaired learners during an English reading comprehension lesson. Some of the

challenges that hearing impaired learners experience arise due to their exclusion from

activities, participation and access. The study utilised qualitative approaches through

semi-structured interviews. A total of twenty-six participants from three secondary schools

located in the northern region of Malawi participated in this study as follows: seven

regular teachers, two specialist teachers, two resource persons and fifteen hearing impaired

learners. The results reveal that most hearing impaired learners do not manage to attain all

reading comprehension objectives. Although teachers use a combination of strategies during

a reading comprehension lesson, they do not utilise strategies that promote higher-order

cognitive thinking skills. Finally, the results reveal that hearing impaired learners encounter

several challenges some of which may be avoided if teachers embrace inclusive practices.

The results have implications for stakeholders, teachers and researchers as follows: there

is a need to improve the inclusive system of education by providing in-service training for

teachers and employing competent specialist teachers and resource persons to facilitate

the learning of hearing impaired learners. There is also a need to improve the learning and

teaching facilities for inclusive schools as teachers and learners bemoan lack of teaching

and learning materials suitable for hearing impaired learners. Teachers would be able to

overcome some of the barriers to participation and learning which arise due to inadequate

teaching and learning resources. Further research
Till Death(s) Do Us Part?: Policy “Design Trace” of the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drug Campaign
Authors: Gacayan Clyde Ben
Published: September 2021

The many political forces in support for and against Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs present a key challenge in drug policy analysis. As a highly politicized issue, drug policy concerns include questions of economic development, security, human rights, and public health. How has the policy evolved in the last two-and-a-half years of implementation given these different concerns? What can policy tracing contribute in understanding the policy? The article examines the policymaking process pertinent to the Philippine anti-drug campaign through a policy tracing technique. The study employed a qualitative research design using multiple sources such as chronological media review, informant interviews with policy implementers, elites, and experts, as well as document review of legislations and official documents. The policy design trace of the Philippine anti-drug campaign reveals policy characteristics that are neglected. First, the policy has evolved into four distinct stages—and these policy iterations are largely responses to numerous implementation crises. The rebranding of policies was used to legitimize policies than improve policy values and learning. Second, changes in policy were only seen in the reorganization of police and supplementary guidelines for Oplan TokHang operations. Finally, the campaign operates within a police-centric framework despite interagency and whole-of-government approaches. These findings provide an explanation as to why the campaign has been highly punitive and will continue to be so in the next years, despite the presence of alternative drug control interventions and policy positions.
Proses Terbentuknya Dukungan Keluarga kepada Remaja Penyalahguna Narkoba yang sedang direhabilitasi di RSJ Bangli
Authors: Dewi Sariyani Made , Ariyanti Kadek Sri
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Menurut UNODC (The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) dalam World Drug Report tahun 2015, estimasi pengguna narkoba pada tahun 2013 yaitu 246 juta orang, dimana jumlah kasus narkoba terbanyak terjadi pada penduduk berusia 15-64 tahun. Faktor terbesar yang dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengguna narkoba untuk meninggalkan narkoba selamanya yaitu dengan niat yang kuat dari dalam diri dan dukungan keluarga yang positif.

Tujuan: mengetahui secara mendalam Proses Terbentuknya Dukungan Keluarga kepada Remaja Penyalahguna Narkoba yang sedang direhabilitasi di RSJ Bangli.

Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kualitatif. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui teknik in-depth interview 12 informan, dimana terdiri dari 6 informan yaitu orang tua remaja penyalahguna narkoba yang sedang direhabilitasi, 3 orang perawat di Ruang Rehabilitasi, 3 orang remaja yang sedang direhabilitasi di RSJ Bangli.

Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, keluarga memiliki faktor internal dan eksternal serta hambatan dalam membentuk dan memberi dukungan kepada residen.

Simpulan: Dalam membentuk dukungan, keluarga memiliki faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhinya, selain itu keluarga juga memiliki faktor penghambat seperti rasa jenuh dan jarak rumah.
The Treatment Of Bebai In Ayurveda
Authors: Surka I Wayan
Published: September 2021

Background and purpose: One type of disease in Bali that is feared to date by the community is bebai, a disease that connotes mystical smell which needs special handling and can only be done by certain people, namely a pangusada (healer) called balian. Treatment of bebai can be done through ayurvedic medicine. Ayurveda is the science of healthy living and is able to achieve a long life. The general objective of this research is to find a new understanding of bebai and its handling can be implemented in the community.Method: This type of research is qualitative with descriptive methods using guidelines for food interviews about bebai and its treatment. Determination of the informants was done by purposive sampling.Results: Based on the theory the realization of the bebai was made from a variety of means including from the infant baby who died, from the blood of people who died due to accidents. From the point of view of psychiatry, bebai is called a dissociation that arises because certain parties that are related do not have a balanced position. Treatment of bebai in local Balinese Ayurveda can be done by carrying out the ceremony of yadnya licking and healing, as well as by administering medicine.Conclusion: Ayurvedic medicine can be cured in two ways, namely by administering medicine (sekala) and by spiritual means, namely by a ceremony of obedience.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Yang Memiliki Balita Dalam Implementasi Program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru
Authors: Amran Husna Farianti
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan Tujuan: Menurut WHO, faktor gizi merupakan 54% kontributor penyebab kematian. Balita kurang gizi di dunia meningkat 75 juta menjadi 923 juta. Di Indonesia, persentase anak balita (balita) mengalami gizi buruk 5,4% dan gizi buruk 17,9%. Di Provinsi Riau, prevalensi 1,1% kekurangan gizi sedikit meningkat sebesar 1,03%. Prevalensi gizi buruk adalah 7,9%, meningkat 7,7%. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi Program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) pada ibu yang memiliki Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru yang meliputi Pengetahuan, sikap, social budaya dan pendidikan.

Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitaif dengan desain analitik dengan pendekatan coss sectional. Populasi seluruh Ibu yang memiliki Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki yang berjumlah 10.774 orang, dengan sampel 100 orang diambil dengan teknik pusposive Sampling. Penelitian dilakukan bulan November – Desember 2019. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisa secara univariate dan bivariate.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian diperoleh faktor-faktor yang secara statistik memiliki kemaknaan signifikan mempengaruhi implementasi Program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) pada ibu yang memiliki Balita adalah Pengetahuan (P value 0,025), Sikap (P value 0,003), Sosial Budaya      (P value 0,029), dan Pendidikan (P value 0,018)

Simpulan: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) pada ibu yang memiliki Balita meliputi : Pengetahuan, sikap, sosial budaya dan Pendidikan.
Relationship between Family Support and Elderly Physical Fitness in West Denpasar District in 2019
Authors: Tripayana I Nyoman
Published: September 2021

Background and goals: People who are getting older will reduce their ability to perform daily physical activities that can affect their physical fitness. Family support is needed by the elderly in living their old age because the family plays an important role and has the responsibility in caring for the elderly. Good family support for elderly activities will be able to maintain and improve the health and fitness of the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship of family support with physical fitness of the elderly.Method: This study used a cross sectional design involving 96 elderly samples that met the requirements. Data collection is done by testing and filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test and binary logistic regression test.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that variables related to physical fitness were family support (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.035) and work status (p = 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that variables related to physical fitness were family support (AOR 5,618; 95% CI: 1,624-19,435) and work status (AOR 10,974; 95% CI: 2,452-49,095).Conclusion: Family support has a relationship with elderly physical fitness. Characteristics of work status samples have a relationship with physical fitness of the elderly. The family should always provide positive support to the elderly in fulfilling daily activities in accordance with the ability of the elderly in their effort to maintain and improve the physical fitness of the elderly.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Lansia Tentang Hipertensi Dengan Kepatuhan Diet Hipertensi Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Jara Mara Pati Buleleng
Authors: Firsia Sastra Putri Desak Made
Published: September 2021

Background: Hypertension is a disease with the condition of arterial blood pressure increment above normal, the systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥85 mmHg. The disease can be prevented and cured with proper hypertension diet and can be done with sufficient knowledge.

Purposes: To identifying the sufferers’ knowledge regarding hypertension, hypertension diet obedience, and to analyze the correlation between the knowledge and diet obedience.

Methodology: A correlational descriptive research with Cross Sectional approach. Research subjects are the elderly above 60 (sixty) years old. Spearman Rank Correlation Statistic test are applied with 5% degree of error and p value under 0,05.

Result: Respondent possess 59,71% of a good knowledge, 30,77% of enough knowledge and 9,62% of less knowledge of hypertension. Obedience level shows that 51,92% respondent are obedient, 34,62% are enough obedient and 13,46% less obedient to hypertension diet. Spearman Rank statistic test shows 0,887 of value and p-value of 0,000 which mean a positive correlation between knowledge and diet obedience of hypertension.

Summary: The more educated respondent regarding hypertension are correspond to the obedience to consuming hypertension diet.
Hubungan Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Usia Remaja (12-18 Th) Pada Saat Pemasangan Infus Di Ruang IRD BRSUD Kabupaten Tabanan
Authors: Gede Yenny Apriani Desak
Published: September 2021

Background: Children develop very traumatic and anxious experiences during the infusion process. The role of finance for children in hospitals is related to collaboration between family and nurses or doctors with financial participation in meeting children's needs and care by providing emotional support for children.Objective: This study discusses family relationships with children during infusion of teenage children (12-18 years).Method: The design of this study used a cross sectional study using observational. The samples used were school-age children 12-18 years old who were to take intravenous measures at the BRSU IRD Room in Tabanan Regency.Results: Most respondents who did not get anxious were 55 (38.8%) respondents and family recipients who received 107 (79.9%) respondents. Based on the results of the Spearman rank test the results of the r value are 0.604 and the value of p 0.000 means that there is a family relationship with the children during infusion in adolescents (12-18 years) in the BRSUD Room in Tabanan Regency.Conclusion: Family support provides a strong level of ability for children when installing IVs.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Stunting Di Desa Lebih Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2020
Authors: Ariyanti Kadek Sri , Peratiwi Ni Made Indra
Published: September 2021

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem experienced by the State of Indonesia that must be addressed. Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition so that the child is too short for his age. The importance of conducting research on stunting in order to assist the government in carrying out work programs to reduce the incidence of stunting. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge of mothers about stunting in the village of Lebih, Gianyar Regency in 2020. The method of implementing this research is descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 78 mothers of infants and were taken systematically. This research was conducted in Desa Lebih, Gianyar Regency in August 2020. Data processing used univariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents had good knowledge about stunting, as many as 65 people (83.3%). So the conclusion in this study is that the description of maternal knowledge about stunting in the village of Lebih, Gianyar Regency, is mostly in the good category. It can be investigated the factors that influence the occurrence of stunting.
ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF HCV
Authors: Mushtaq U , Mushtaq S , Afzal M , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

HCV is the main reason of the liver disease and worldwide it is one of the major issues of health due to its development into cirrhosis, failure and cancer of liver. The transference of HCV is mainly through the parental but people who use drug like intravenous are also at greatest threat. The life cycle of HCV is now understood in a more precise way due to extensive studies. Due to more understanding of this virus there is establishment of more effectual antiviral medications and also diagnostic devices. Test of nucleic acids are suggested for the validation of active HCV. Serology tests are suggested for the groups that are at the greatest risk. Earlier for the standard medications of HCV interferon (IFN-a) and ribavirin are used. Later FDA approved a number of drugs such as harvoni, simeprevir and boceprevir etc. for the proper treatment of HCV. Antiviral medications will be utilized to treat the infections of HCV. In the management of certain severe viral infection, therapeutic option has improved in a better way. There is need of follow-up and careful consideration as well as there are many new technologies that have developed for the quantitative measurement of viral genome concentration in the body fluid of patients. Initially this measurement led to important insight in the viral infection pathogenesis as well as these test also revolutionized natural history of HCV. In addition viral load test are pure tool for research, these are used in routine viral diagnosis. Viral load test are used in clinical virology for diagnosis and prognosis of patient’s.
GENETIC ASSOCIATION AMONG SEEDLING TRAITS OF ZEA MAYS UNDER MULTIPLE STRESSES OF SALTS, HEAVY METALS AND DROUGHT
Authors: Muqadas S , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Maize is highly sensitive for drought, heat, cold, salinity and heavy metals toxicity. The grain yield and quality of grains is highly affected due to abiotic environmental factors. For evaluating maize under drought as well as salts and heavy metals we have conducted an experiment in the greenhouse of IMBB (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology), University of the Lahore. Four maize genotypes were selected for our research work, viz., B-316, EV-1097Q, Raka-poshi and Sahiwal-2002. The seeds of selected maize genotypes were sown in 72 pots. Each of the pot was in triplicate for each of the maize genotype. The treatments of drought, salt and heavy metals were kept as following: Control, 50% irrigation water, 0.5m Molar NaCl, 0.5m Molar ZnSO4, 0.5m Molar AlCl3 and 0.5m Molar MgCl2. It has been revealed from results the performance of maize genotypes was variable under different treatments of heavy metals, drought and salt stress environments. The treatments of AlCl3 and NaCl were found as the higher toxic treatments for most of the study traits of maize which may decrease the photosynthetic rate and accumulations of organic compounds in maize seedlings and may cause the death of seedlings. Significant and positive correlation was reported between shoot length other studied traits while the higher contribution for shoot length was reported for root length, leaf area and fresh root/shoot weight ratio. It was found from results that the Sahiwal -2002 performed better under all stress treatments for seedling traits as compared with B-316, Raka-poshi and EV-1097Q maize genotypes.
EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL TOXICITY ON MAZE SEEDLINGS GROWTH TRAITS
Authors: Shafique F , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Maize is an edible cereal crop that belongs to family Gramineae and use as an energy source for human and animals. In our country the industrial and municipal wastewater has been being used for irrigation purposes that contain heavy metals. These heavy metals affect production of maize crop and soil quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the affect of different heavy metals on maize growth and to asses more tolerant and more sensitive maize variety. Different concentrations of Mn and Cr (0, 0.25Molar, 0.50Molar) were applies in combined form and individually. Total three replicates were carried out during research. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s rang test (p ≤ 0.05) were applied as statistical tool among treatment means. ANOVA indicated the differences among five different genotypes and 9 different treatments for all parameters were significant. Tukey’s test indicated that higher toxic effect was shown under treatment 0.5M Mn + 0.25M Cr while less toxic effect was observed under treatment 0.50M Mn in maize plant. The genotype 31R88 was more sensitive for metal toxicity because most of 31R88 traits were affected under heavy metal treatments while more tolerant variety was Neelum. Hence the results of our study have suggested that the genotype Neelum may be used for the improvement of grain yield and productivity under heavy metal stress conditions.
BIOLUMINESCENCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Idrees N , Siddique A , Fateh A , Afzal N , Ali I , Javied MA , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Bioluminescence System has been mostly studied in reporter technology. There are forty different bioluminescent systems occurred in nature while there are only seven of these light emitting systems and their biochemical reactions have been studied however the pathway of only two biochemical systems has been understood yet. Here, we have provided an overview for these bioluminescent systems as a tool for researchers working on bioluminescence for better future applications of bioluminescent.
EFFECTS OF SEED PRIMING WITH SALICYLIC ACID ON ZEA MAYS SEEDLINGS GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
Authors: Iqbal S , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Maize crop is cultivated as the 3rd most important cereal crop after wheat and rice in Pakistan. As an exhaustive crop maize required all essential nutrients at all crop growth stages. Among essential nutrients nitrogen involved with the greenish colors of the vegetative parts, leaves production, branching and end up with drier biomass. Hydro-priming and osmo-priming are the commonly used priming techniques. In both techniques the seeds were soaked in treatments for overnight followed by air drying before sowing. To overcome several a-biotic stresses of field crops seed priming techniques have been used globally. The current study was planned to evaluate effect of different salt treatments on the growth traits of maize. Two maize verities Raka-Poshi and Pak-Afgoi were evaluated for the effect of salts stress on maize. Three salts ZnSO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were used @0.5 M and 0.25M solutions. Treatments used in the experiment were ZnSO4 (0.5M), ZnSO4 (0.25M), MgSO4 (0.5M), MgSO4 (0.25M), NaCl (0.5M), NaCl (0.25M), ZnSO4 (0.5M) + MgSO4 (0.5M), ZnSO4 (0.25M) + MgSO4 (0.5M), ZnSO4 (0.5M) + MgSO4 (0.25M), ZnSO4 (0.25M) + MgSO4 (0.25M), ZnSO4 (0.5M) + NaCl (0.5M), ZnSO4 0.25M  + NaCl (0.5M), ZnSO4 (0.5M) + NaCl (0.25M),         ZnSO4 (0.25M) + NaCl (0.25M), ZnSO4 (0.5M) + MgSO4 (0.5M) + NaCl (0.5M), ZnSO4 (0.25M) + MgSO4 (0.25M) + NaCl (0.25M). Maximum growth was observed in the plants that were primed with ZnSO4 used alone @ 0.5M and 0.25M or in combination with MgSO4. However, NaCl retard the growth of plant used alone or in combination with other salts. Seed priming by 30 mg/l salicylic acid solution not only found vital to enhance the uniform seed germination and rate of seed germination but also are environment friendly, simple, low cost low risk techniques and easily adoptable
Efectos del trabajo emocional en el agotamiento y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores en España
Authors: Mira Maria Cascales
Published: September 2021

La dimensión emocional es incorporada al estudio de las organizaciones laborales hace más de tres décadas con la investigación pionera de Arlie Hochschild, en la que se analiza el impacto (negativo) del trabajo emocional en la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores. El emotional labor enfatiza el aspecto relacional en el lugar de trabajo, ya que se basa en el manejo de los sentimientos por parte del trabajador como imperativo en los procesos de interacción con los otros. Esta nueva demanda laboral ejerce un papel importante en el agotamiento y la satisfacción en el trabajo, pero es un campo aún poco explorado. La investigación que presentamos pretende enriquecer esta área de estudio a través de un doble objetivo. Por un lado, operacionalizamos el trabajo emocional como concepto multidimensional, a través de la construcción de un índice de demanda emocional que engloba la interacción, la gestión emocional y las reglas de visualización (Wharton, 2009), y, por otro, analizamos su influencia en la satisfacción laboral y el agotamiento de la población trabajadora en España utilizando como variables de control la autonomía y la intensidad del trabajo. La metodología empleada es de naturaleza cuantitativa y los datos son obtenidos de la European Working Conditions Survey (2015). Los resultados muestran que la demanda emocional influye negativamente en las variables de bienestar.
Predicting in multivariate incomplete time series. Application of the expectation-maximisation algorithm supplemented by the Newton-Raphson method
Authors: Korczyński Adam
Published: September 2021

Statistical practice requires various imperfections resulting from the nature of data to be addressed. Data containing different types of measurement errors and irregularities, such as missing observations, have to be modelled. The study presented in the paper concerns the application of the expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm to calculate maximum likelihood estimates, using an autoregressive model as an example. The model allows describing a process observed only through measurements with certain level of precision and through more than one data series. The studied series are affected by a measurement error and interrupted in some time periods, which causes the information for parameters estimation and later for prediction to be less precise. The presented technique aims to compensate for missing data in time series. The missing data appear in the form of breaks in the source of the signal. The adjustment has been performed by the EM algorithm to a hybrid version, supplemented by the Newton-Raphson method. This technique allows the estimation of more complex models. The formulation of the substantive model of an autoregressive process affected by noise is outlined, as well as the adjustment introduced to overcome the issue of missing data. The extended version of the algorithm has been verified using sampled data from a model serving as an example for the examined process. The verification demonstrated that the joint EM and Newton-Raphson algorithms converged with a relatively small number of iterations and resulted in the restoration of the information lost due to missing data, providing more accurate predictions than the original algorithm. The study also features an example of the application of the supplemented algorithm to some empirical data (in the calculation of a forecasted demand for newspapers).
A larval granuloma in the lung: An extremely rare phenomenon
Authors: Kılıç Murat , Kılıçarslan Ahmet
Published: September 2021

The formation of pulmonary nodules is associated with benign or malignant pathologies. Based on the sizes, growth rates, and morphological features of nodules, surgical treatment or follow-up can be performed. Pulmonary nodules are frequently encountered in the practice of thoracic surgery. A 37-year-old male patient who had a 2.0¥1.9 cm nodule in the right lung was followed. His medical history revealed no chronic disease. During follow-up, the sizes of the nodule increased and, therefore, it was removed by wedge resection. The pathological examination result was reported as a larval granuloma. In conclusion, larval granulomas in the lung are extremely rare phenomena and should be further examined.
Factors affecting the recurrence in patients with venous thromboembolism: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ateş Yasemin , Bingöl Züleyha , Okumuş Gülfer , Arseven Orhan
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of recurrence and the risk factors for recurrence in patients who were diagnosed with venous thromboembolism.

Methods: Between January 2005 and January 2015, a total of 412 venous thromboembolism patients (164 males, 248 females; mean age: 53.5±16.6 years; range: 19 to 95 years) were retrospectively analyzed. The demographics, underlying risk factors, comorbidities, imaging findings, and treatment data of the patients were recorded.

Results: At least one transient/permanent risk factor was found in 341 (82.7%) of the index events, and the other 71 (17.2%) were idiopathic. Recurrence developed in 76 (18.4%) of the patients. The duration of the treatment in the first event was significantly longer in recurrent cases (p=0.007). The recurrence rate in patients diagnosed with only deep vein thrombosis or patients diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism + deep vein thrombosis was significantly higher than the patients diagnosed with only pulmonary thromboembolism (24% vs. 14.2%, respectively; p=0.007). The rate of idiopathic venous thromboembolism was higher in recurrent cases than in non-recurrent cases (26.3% vs. 15.2%, respectively; p=0.028). At the end of the first year, the mean D-dimer levels were higher in recurrent cases (p=0.034). Hereditary risk factors were also higher in recurrent cases (39.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p=0.031). There was no significant correlation between recurrence and mortality.

Conclusion: The presence of deep vein thrombosis, idiopathic events, high D-dimer levels at the end of the first year and hereditary risk factors seem to be associated with recurrence.
Funnel technique for wide infrarenal aneurysm neck with Lifetech Ankura™ Stent Graft System
Authors: Zafer İşcan Hakkı , Utku Ünal Ertekin , Boran Tümer Naim , Boğaçhan Akkaya Bekir , Aşkın Göktan , Sağlam Sefa , Hasanzade Sabir , Levent Mavioğlu Hayrettin
Published: September 2021

Background: In this study, we present our mid-term results in patients undergoing treatment with the funnel technique and describe technical issues for this bailout technique in extra-wide infrarenal necks.

Methods: Between January 2018 and June 2020, a total of seven male, symptomatic patients (median: 74.5 years; range, 64 to 84 years) who had comorbidities and were in the American Society for Anesthesiologists Class IV and treated by the funnel technique in an endovascular fashion were included. Pre- and post-procedural data of the patients, early mortality and technical success rates were evaluated.

Results: There was no early mortality. Technical success rate was 100%. There was no type I or III endoleaks at the completion angiography. All patients were discharged without any problem on the second or third day of the procedure. The median follow-up was 13 (range, 6 to 28) months. The aneurysm sac shrinkage was achieved in all patients over six months of follow up. During the follow-up period, no proximal endoleak or infrarenal aortic neck diameter enlargement was found.

Conclusion: Based on our limited experience, the funnel technique may be considered more than a bailout procedure under special circumstances.
Resveratrol against lung injury in an ischemia/reperfusion model of abdominal aortic rupture
Authors: Ozan Karakişi Sedat , Hemşinli Doğuş , Tümkaya Levent , Ergene Şaban , Mercantepe Tolga , Yılmaz Adnan
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects on the lungs of ischemia/reperfusion injury in a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rats and to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia/reperfusion, sham (ischemia/ reperfusion + solvent/dimethyl sulfoxide), and ischemia/reperfusion + resveratrol. In the groups subjected to ischemia/reperfusion, following 60-min shock to the abdominal aorta, vascular clamps were attached from the levels of the infrarenal and iliac bifurcation. A total of 60-min ischemia was applied, followed by 120-min reperfusion. In the ischemia/ reperfusion + resveratrol group, intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg resveratrol was administered 15 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and catalase levels were analyzed and histopathological examination of the lung tissues was performed.

Results: Malondialdehyde levels increased in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups, compared to the control group, while catalase levels decreased, and no significant difference was observed in the glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde levels decreased with the administration of resveratrol, while glutathione levels increased, and catalase levels remained unchanged. The increased inflammation in interstitial spaces, thickening in the alveolar septal walls, increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic pneumocytes, and increased histopathological lung damage scores observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups improved with the application of resveratrol.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that resveratrol may exhibit a protective effect in preventing acute lung injury developing due to ischemia/reperfusion in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery by reducing oxidative damage.
Isolation and Antibacterial Properties of Phenyl Acrylic Acid Derivatives from Balanophora elongata Blume
Authors: Arbain Dayar , Bakhtiar Amri , Syafni Nova , - Nofrizal , Faroliu Goldha , Putra Nanda
Published: September 2021

Balanophora elongata (Balanophoraceae) is a tropical parasitic flowering plant 9 cm in height. Four known phenyl acrylic acid derivatives, methyl caffeate (1), caffeic acid (2), 1,6-di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3), and coniferin (4), were isolated from this plant. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, LC-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR.  Extracts and isolated compounds were tested toward some standard human pathogenic bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Their inhibition zones were compared to that of chloramphenicol as positive control. Compound 1 showed inhibition toward Streptococcus mutans, while compound 3 and 4 inhibited Staphylococcus aureus.
Czech Historiography on Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000–2018)
Authors: Hladký Ladislav
Published: September 2021

This paper provides a synopsis and characterization of the most important historiographically, politologically, and ethnologically oriented works published in the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2018 on the history and current evolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Czech works on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be divided into two main groups. The first group includes monographs by historians who were familiar with the reality of Bosnian multiethnicity in the period before the breakup of Yugoslavia and in that context, therefore, continue in their books to support the idea of preserving Bosnia within its existing borders and in the form of a multinational state. The second group comprises books by Czech authors who primarily focus on analysing political events in the contemporary, socalled post-Dayton Bosnia, of which they are highly critical and as a result also highly skeptical when it comes to the prospect of continued coexistence between the nations of Bosnia. During the period in question, several works were published in the Czech Republic dedicated to the history of Czech-Bosnian relations and the synthetical treatment of the history of the Czech national minority living in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Prikazi i reinterpretacije Sarajevskog atentata u javnom diskursu u Češkoj
Authors: Šístek František
Published: September 2021

Ovaj rad se fokusira na prikaze i reinterpretacije sarajevskog atentata (1914.), ključnog događaja moderne svjetske historije povezane s Bosnom i Hercegovinom, u savremenom češkom javnom diskursu. Stogodišnjica početka (2014.) i kraja (2018.) Prvog svjetskog rata dala je poticaj za novi val reinterpretacija, komemoracija i recikliranja ranijih predstavljanja. Autor u ovom radu pokušava ocrtati glavne konture savremenih čeških rasprava o Sarajevskom atentatu kroz poseban fokus na prikaze četiri ličnosti povezane s ovim događajem: habsburškog nasljednika prijestolja Franza Ferdinanda, njegove supruge Sofije Chotek, njihovog atentatora Gavrila Principa i njihovog vozača Leopolda Lojka. Autor argumentira da su sve četiri ličnosti povezane s određenim mjestima sjećanja (lieux de mémoire) koja se mogu naći na teritoriju Češke (zamak Konopiště u središnjoj Bohemiji, Principova zatvorska ćelija u Terezinu, Lojkov grob u Brnu i spomen-fontana Sofije Chotek u Pragu). Prikazi ovih ličnosti i reinterpretacije sarajevskog atentata u savremenom češkom diskursu vrlo su raznolike i dvosmislene.