bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulasi Emosi dalam Tatalaksana Pasien Kanker : A Literatur Review
Authors: Seprian Dwin , Puspitosari Warih Andan
Published: July 2019

Salah satu tatalaksana non-farmakoterapi yang saat ini digunakan untuk penderita kanker dalam mengelola masalah psikologis yang dialami adalah dengan proses regulasi emosi. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah mereview literature tentang efektifitas regulasi emosi terhadap masalah psikologis penderita kanker. Pencarian literatur review ini menggunakan database PubMed dan Goggle Scholar dengan menggunakan keywords: “Emotion Regulation AND Patient AND Cancer”. Hasil pencarian artikel menemukan sebanyak 24.414 artikel dalam jurnal internasional dalam rentang tahun 2016-2018. Artikel tersebut diseleksi dan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi adalah sebanyak 10 artikel. Hasil dari 10  jurnal tersebut, 7 jurnal didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat tekanan psikologis pada pasien kanker meliputi ketidakberdayaan, emosi negatif, denial, penyesuaian diri, kecemasan, depresi, kecemasan, gangguan pola tidur, dan ketakutan dalam kekambuhan penyakit khususnya untuk pasien yang sudah selesai melakukan prosedur pengobatan, serta hasil intervensi regulasi emosi pada pasien kanker ada hubungan yang signifikan antara emosi regulasi diri dengan peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker. Literatur review ini menunjukkan bahwa metode ini mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam tatalaksana non-farmakologi. Terapi regulasi emosi ini menunjukkan sebagai salah satu metode yang efektif dalam penatalaksaan emosi pada pasien kanker. Tinjauan literatur review ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa regulasi emosi merupakan langkah strategis dalam upaya penanggulangan masalah emosi atau masalah psikologi pada pasien kanker.
Peran Spiritualitas dalam Mempengaruhi Resiko Perilaku Bunuh Diri: A Literature Review
Authors: Litaqia Wulida , Permana Iman
Published: July 2019

Bunuh diri merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian yang kerap terjadi pada individu yang memiliki masalah gangguan mental. Bunuh diri dapat berawal dari depresi yang terjadi dalam diri penderita. Aspek spiritual seringkali dihubungkan dengan pencegahan perilaku bunuh diri. Beberapa penelitian terkait telah menjelaskan bagaimana dukungan spiritual dapat mengurangi tingkat depresi pada individu. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran spiritual dalam mempengaruhi resiko perilaku bunuh diri pada orang dewasa. Penulisan jurnal ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur yang berasal dari beberapa database, yaitu EBSCO, PROQUEST, PubMed, dan Google Cendekia (Google Scholar) dengan menggunakan kata kunci ‘spiritual support’ OR ‘religious support’ AND ‘risk of suicide’ OR ‘suicide attempt’ AND ‘adults’. Menyaring dari 159.320 jurnal dan berhasil mendapatkan 14 jurnal terkait. Menggunakan kriteria inklusi yang mencakup sumber literatur yang diambil mulai tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2018, menggunakan bahasa inggris, kesesuaian kata kunci penulisan, keterkaitan hasil penulisan literatur dengan pembahasan yang diangkat  Terdapat 4 tema yang ditemukan dalam telaah literatur ini, yaitu faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan ide bunuh diri, pengalaman bunuh diri dari orang terdekat, dukungan ahli agama terhadap resiko perilaku bunuh diri, serta intervensi psiko-religius. Masalah kesehatan mental seperti depresi dapat dicegah dengan melibatkan peran agama didalamnya. Peran perawat dalam hal ini sangat penting dalam mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan ide bunuh diri muncul serta membantu memberikan intervensi pencegahan resiko perilaku bunuh diri dengan mendorong aspek keagamaannya.
Pengaruh Biblioterapi Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di Paud Terpadu Aisyiyah Nur’aini Yogyakarta
Authors: Maris Rosikhah Al , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Akhmadi Akhmadi
Published: July 2019

Kecemasan masuk sekolah secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai bagian dari kecemasan umum akibat rasa takut berpisah dari ibu atau pengganti ibu, dan ketidakmampuan berdiri sendiri. Kecemasan yang dialami oleh anak usia prasekolah  akan berisiko mengganggu tumbuh kembang anak. Pada anak, membaca merupakan bagian dari fokus perkembangan. Biblioterapi merupakan salah satu bentuk dari terapi yang melibatkan buku untuk membantu anak dengan masalah mental maupun emosi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biblioterapi terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada anak usia prasekolah di PAUD Terpadu Aisyiyah Nur’Aini Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan pre-test dan post-test design tanpa kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PAUD Terpadu Aisyiyah Nur’Aini Yogyakarta pada bulan September 2015 dengan besar sampel 27 responden yang pada pelaksanaan biblioterapi dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok kecil. Instrumen pengukuran tingkat kecemasan yang digunakan adalah SCAS (Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale) yang ditulis oleh Susan H. Spence tahun 2000.  Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon, dengan nilai p = 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah biblioterapi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan anak usia prasekolah di PAUD Terpadu Aisyiyah Nur’Aini Yogyakarta.
K. H. Ahmad Dahlan (Pemikiran Sosialnya)
Authors: Ahdar
Published: July 2019

Pemikiran dalam Misi K. H. Ahrmd Dahlan, menjadikan Islam sebagai way of life untuk itu suatu keharusan memurnikan dari sinkritime. Pada kenyataannya Beliau suatu kenyataan beliu memilik karakteristik perpaduan yang canggih sesuai dengan sasaran dan tujuannva yang ingin dicapai dalarn rangka merespons kebutuhan zaman

Pemahaman dan pengalarnan Islam K. H. Ahmad Dahlan adalah rasional fungsional dalam arti menelaah sumber utama ajaran Islam dengan kebebasan ajaran akal pikiran dan kejernihan akal murni, sekaligus rnembiarkan al-Quran berbicara tentang dirinya sendiri dalam aril tafsir ayat dengan ayat. Fungsional, dalam pengertian kelanjutan dan tuntunan hasil pemahaman tersebut adalah aksi  sosial vaitu perbaikan masyarakat
AÇÃO DE PROMOÇÃO DE SAÚDE COM GRUPO DE GESTANTES EM UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE – ENFOQUE FONOAUDIOLÓGICO
Authors: Pagnoncelli Daiane S. , Cassol Karlla , Tomiasi Aline , Topanotti Jenane
Published: July 2019

Introdução: O período da gestação é um bom momento para a conscientização e incorporação de novos conhecimentos que influenciam no desenvolvimento do bebê. É importante que os serviços de saúde incentivem e fortaleçam a formação de grupos de gestantes, implementando medidas preventivas e de promoção de saúde. Objetivo: Desenvolver ações para a promoção de saúde em gestantes usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, e promover a propagação do conhecimento com enfoque fonoaudiológico sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Métodos: Pesquisa de campo, transversal, quantitativa, realizada com 28 gestantes, participantes do Programa SISPRENATAL. Um questionário, elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, foi aplicado para traçar um perfil do conhecimento das participantes quanto ao desenvolvimento infantil. Após, foram realizadas ações de promoção de saúde com palestra informativa e dinâmica “mitos e verdades” sobre o tema. Resultados: Foram observadas fragilidades de conhecimento das gestantes usuárias de Unidade Básica de Saúde e em acompanhamento Pré-natal, em aspectos de hábitos orais deletérios, alterações no frênulo lingual e sobre os testes da orelhinha e da linguinha. Evidenciou-se que a inserção do Fonoaudiólogo nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde é importante para a realização de estratégias e ações que visem a Promoção da Saúde, auxiliando o conhecimento das gestantes cadastradas no sistema público de saúde sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Conclusão: A intervenção fonoaudiológica junto ao grupo de gestantes evidenciou aspectos fundamentais para o conhecimento, vislumbrando uma prática de educação em saúde que auxiliem as futuras mães nos cuidados com o recém-nascido.
ANÁLISE DE INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA EM UM HOSPITAL NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Casanova Oscar , Penteado Suelem Tavares da Silva , Linartevichi Vagner Fagnani
Published: July 2019

Introdução: Caracterizada pela complexidade de tratamento, a demanda de medicamentos na UTI é grande e está correlacionada proporcionalmente ao tempo de internação. O profissional Farmacêutico na UTI diminui em 66% dos eventos adversos evitáveis. Objetivo: Analisar as interações medicamentosas (IMP) das prescrições médicas de pacientes hospitalizados em UTI a fim fornecer subsídios qualitativos e quantitativos ao aprimoramento das intervenções farmacêuticas e melhorias na farmacoterapia de pacientes em cuidado crítico. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado no período de maio a julho de 2018 foram incluídos no estudo, após realizado cálculo amostral, 140 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, internados na UTI. Resultados: Foram encontradas 715 IMP em 128 (91,4%) pacientes, agrupadas em 233 valores exclusivos. Do número total de IMP, 16 (2,2%) eram contraindicadas, 485 (67,8%) graves, 184 (25,7%) moderadas e 30 (4,2%) menores. A maioria destes pacientes 109 (85,2%) possuíam mais que uma IMP, sendo a mínima de 1 (0,1%) e máxima de 40 (5,6%). A média de IMP foi de 5,8 (±6,1) por paciente. Conclusões: Observou-se que há uma grande prevalência de interações medicamentosas em prescrições de 91,4% dos pacientes hospitalizados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, logo, torna-se relevante e útil a implantação de um serviço de Farmácia Clínica neste setor, ressaltando a necessidade do profissional farmacêutico presente de forma ativa na equipe multidisciplinar, proporcionando grandes benefícios na efetividade e segurança na farmacoterapia do paciente e na redução de custos com desfechos negativos associados a medicamentos.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ESTABILIDADE E CONCENTRAÇÃO DO XAMPU DE CETOCONAZOL MANIPULADO EM FUNÇÃO DO TEMPO COMPARADO A UM XAMPU COMERCIAL
Authors: Boarolli Jéssica Thais , Bender Suzana
Published: July 2019

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a estabilidade do xampu de cetoconazol manipulado e comercial. Os xampus foram submetidos a estresse térmico em temperatura de 40 a 80°C, em intervalos de 10°C, mantidos por 30 minutos em cada. Foram analisados aspecto, cor, odor e pH. Foi realizado ciclo gelo/degelo (24h- 47 ºC; 24h- 5 ºC) durante 15 ciclos e foram avaliadas concentração, características físico-químicas e organolépticas. Para o doseamento foi construída uma curva de calibração utilizando cetoconazol e metanol de modo a se obter uma solução com concentração final de 200 µg/mL-1.A partir desta foram preparadas soluções nas concentrações de 20; 40; 60; 80 µg/mL-1 em 40% de metanol (v/v). A leitura foi realizada em espectrofotômetro no comprimento de onda de 267nm, tendo como branco o metanol. Foram efetuadas em duplicata com uma repetição. No estresse térmico o xampu manipulado apresentou intensa alteração no aspecto e cor a 60°C, e odor a 70°C, já o pH se manteve estável. O comercial apresentou alteração intensa em todos os parâmetros a 80°, o pH permaneceu inalterado. No quarto dia do ciclo gelo/degelo o manipulado teve alteração intensa em todos os parâmetros. O comercial apresentou intensa alteração no aspecto no quinto dia e no odor no décimo segundo dia. Ambas as amostras aumentaram o pH a 47°C e diminuíram a 5°C. No doseamento o manipulado teve perda na concentração de 93% e o comercial de 85%. Ambos os xampus não possuem estabilidade físico-química, organoléptica e de concentração.
La estética de Dionisio Cañas
Authors: Beltrán Almería Luis
Published: July 2019

Sobre las categorías de grotesco, hermetismo e idilio, sugeridas por los estudios de José Olivio Jiménez y Manuel Juliá, tratamos de esbozar la estética de Dionisio Cañas añadiendo un hilo conductor: la novelización de la poesía. Nuestro poeta ha reflexionado en varios momentos sobre esta cuestión: romanticismo, vanguardismo y la oposición entre la mirada de lo real y la de lo irreal. Esa oposición entre lo real y lo irreal nos sirve de fundamento para exponer las dos dimensiones de su concepción del grotesco: el grotesco de lo real y el grotesco de lo irreal, que vamos a interpretar, siguiendo a Mijaíl Bajtín, como grotesco realista y grotesco romántico.
High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites
Authors: Platonov Vadim B , Rumyantseva Marina N , Frolov Alexander S , Yapryntsev Alexey D , Gaskov Alexander M
Published: July 2019

Increasing requirements for environmental protection have led to the need for the development of control systems for exhaust gases monitored directly at high temperatures in the range of 300–800 °C. The development of high-temperature gas sensors requires the creation of new materials that are stable under these conditions. The stability of nanostructured semiconductor oxides at high temperature can be enhanced by creating composites with highly dispersed silicon carbide (SiC). In this work, ZnO and SiC nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning of polymer solutions followed by heat treatment, which is necessary for polymer removal and crystallization of semiconductor materials. ZnO/SiC nanocomposites (15–45 mol % SiC) were obtained by mixing the components in a single homogeneous paste with subsequent thermal annealing. The composition and microstructure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrophysical and gas sensing properties of the materials were investigated by in situ conductivity measurements in the presence of the reducing gases CO and NH3 (20 ppm), in dry conditions (relative humidity at 25 °C RH25 = 0) and in humid air (RH25 = 30%) in the temperature range 400–550 °C. The ZnO/SiC nanocomposites were characterized by a higher concentration of chemisorbed oxygen, higher activation energy of conductivity, and higher sensor response towards CO and NH3 as compared with ZnO nanofibers. The obtained experimental results were interpreted in terms of the formation of an n–n heterojunction at the ZnO/SiC interface.
H i Spectroscopy of Reverberation-mapped Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Robinson Justin H. , Bentz Misty C. , Johnson Megan C. , Courtois Hélène M. , Ou-Yang Benjamin
Published: July 2019

We present H i 21 cm spectroscopy from the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope for the host galaxies of 31 nearby active galactic nuclei with direct M

BH
measurements from reverberation mapping. These are the first published H i detections for 12 galaxies, and the spectral quality is generally an improvement over archival data for the remainder of the sample. We present measurements of emission-line fluxes, velocity widths, and recessional velocities from which we derive H i mass, total gas mass, and redshifts. Combining M

GAS
with constraints on M
STARS allows exploration of the baryonic content of these galaxies. We find a typical M

GAS
/M

STARS
fraction of 10%, with a few reaching ∼30%–50%. We also examine several relationships between M

STARS
, M

GAS
, M

BH
, baryonic mass, and morphological type. We find a weak preference for galaxies with larger M

GAS
to host more massive black holes. We also find gas-to-stellar fractions to weakly correlate with later types in unbarred spirals, with an approximately constant fraction for barred spirals. Consistent with previous studies, we find declining M

GAS
/M

STARS
with increasing M

stars
, with a slope suggesting the gas reservoirs have been replenished. Finally, we find a clear relationship for M

BH
–M

BARY
with a similar slope as M

BH
–M

STARS
reported by Bentz & Manne-Nicholas. The dwarf Seyfert NGC 4395 appears to follow this relationship as well, even though it has a significantly higher gas fraction and smaller M

BH
than the remainder of our sample.
Policing the Environmental Conjuncture: Structural Violence in Mexico and the National Assembly of the Environmentally Affected
Authors: Cota Gabriela Méndez
Published: July 2019

In this article, I contextualise the emergence and describe the political processes of a grassroots mobilisation against the structural violence of neoliberalism in Mexico in order to suggest the necessity of re-thinking conjunctural analysis in a posthegemonic direction. The National
Assembly of the Environmentally Affected (ANAA) is a nationwide network of Mexican communities and organisations that has operated since 2008. ANAA's most notorious achievement has been the opening of a Mexican chapter at the Permanent People's Tribunal, the final verdict of which established
the legal responsibility of the Mexican State for structural violence against the Mexican people. My account of ANAA's intervention in the Mexican conjuncture recuperates Stuart Hall's emphasis on complexity and singularity by narrating, through multiple critical voices, the cultural and political
conjuncture in which some of the most environmentally affected groups of the Mexican population have been able to organise and strike alliances with critical academic communities or socially concerned scientists. In terms of theoretical elaboration, I reflect on the limits of conjunctural
analysis as a response to the deeper crisis of representation – what I call a 'disjuncture' – that concerns the scale of socioenvironmental violence in neoliberal Mexico. In order to think beyond issues of cultural representation, I propose to inform a situated practice of environmentally
affected cultural studies with the posthegemonic turn in Latin American thinking of the political.
The Exhaustion of Merkelism: A Conjunctural Analysis
Authors: Ege Moritz , Gallas Alexander
Published: July 2019

Inspired by Hall et al.'s Policing the Crisis (1978), the authors provide a conjunctural analysis of present-day Germany. It is based on a periodisation of Merkelism – the dominant political mode of managing the economic, political and cultural crisis tendencies in the
country from the mid-2000s onwards. This reveals that the Merkelist approach to crisis management has become exhausted. The manifestation point of this process is the 2015 'Summer of Migration'. The Merkel government decided not to prevent hundred thousands of refugees who had been walking
across the Balkans for months from entering the country. Hereupon, it was identified, at the level of political discourse, with a liberal stance on the border regime. As a result, the pragmatic and depoliticising interventions typical of Merkelism lost traction; a political and cultural polarisation
emerged. Importantly, this happened in the context of a socio-economic consolidation of large parts of the 'new' middle class – and a protracted decline of the working class, which was covered up by narratives of Germany as a success story. Accordingly, the conjuncture in the country
is characterised by the weakening of class ties of political and cultural representation and the proliferation of nationalist interpellations. Once again, 'race is the modality in which class is lived' (Hall), which is visible in the widespread assumption that there are clearly defined, homogeneous
and incompatible 'cultures' clashing with one another. In this sense, race has become a politically salient category whose discursive predominance contributes to further marginalising a language of class.
La compétitivité de la Belgique : d’où venons-nous, où allons-nous ?
Authors: Bogaert Henri , Kegels Chantal
Published: July 2019

In the five years after the financial crisis of 2008, the competitiveness of the Belgian economy deteriorated. Starting in 2014, the government took a set of corrective measures to improve wage competitiveness. These measures helped to restore competitiveness, export market shares, and the current account balance. Employment has increased significantly, and the economy is moving towards full employment. Under these conditions, labor shortages will drive up wages and the 1996 law as reformed in 2017 will have to be strictly enforced. The social and environmental context is pushing to radically change budgetary priorities with the end of reductions in general and untargeted employer social security contributions and more resources devoted to education, training, research, and public investment.
Politique climatique : où en sommes-nous ?
Authors: van Steenberghe Vincent
Published: July 2019

Les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre peinent à décroître et notre capacité à limiter à maximum 1,5 à 2 ˚C la hausse mondiale des températures s’érode. Néanmoins, les cadres à long terme de la gouvernance climatique sont maintenant en place aux niveaux international et européen. Le défi consiste à concevoir et mettre en œuvre à temps les mesures concrètes permettant, dans ces cadres, la réduction drastique des émissions vers une contribution neutre de celles-ci au réchauffement. Car les mesures planifiées jusqu’ici manquent encore largement d’ambition au regard des objectifs de long terme. C’est le cas en Belgique où les mesures prévues pour les dix prochaines années sont telles que les efforts de réduction à réaliser après 2030 devront être nettement plus importants que ceux prévus d’ici là. Or les réductions doivent s’opérer via des changements portant sur une série d’infrastructures dont la durée de vie est longue, en particulier dans les bâtiments et les transports, ce qui nécessite un effort régulier. Dans cette perspective, nous plaidons pour la mise en œuvre immédiate en Belgique d’une trajectoire de tarification du carbone pour les secteurs qui n’y sont pas encore soumis et développons une proposition concrète en la matière. Codes JEL : Q54, Q48, H23
Certificats verts ou prime de rachat ? Évolution du marché des certificats verts en Wallonie
Authors: Boccard Nicolas , Gautier Axel
Published: July 2019

La Wallonie a mis en place en 2003 un mécanisme de certificats verts échangeables pour promouvoir le développement des énergies issues de sources renouvelables. Le marché des CV s’est trouvé dès 2007 en déséquilibre avec une offre excédentaire de certificats du fait notamment du soutien différencié et généreux à la filière solaire photovoltaïque. Ce déséquilibre persistant a fait chuter le prix des CV à un prix proche du prix de rachat garanti de 65 €. Dans les faits, le mécanisme des certificats verts s’est transformé en une prime de rachat garantie qu’il est aujourd’hui nécessaire de modifier.
Imposition du travail, du capital et de la consommation : l’apport de taux implicites à l’analyse des évolutions de politique fiscale
Authors: Valenduc Christian
Published: July 2019

Cet article met à jour des publications antérieures sur l’imposition du travail, du capital et de la consommation. Les indicateurs utilisés sont des taux d’imposition implicites. Ils sont calculés au niveau macroéconomique et sont donc ex post, à l’inverse des indicateurs microéconomiques d’imposition effective qui sont ex ante. Ils mesurent donc davantage l’effet des politiques qui ont été menées. Ces taux d’imposition implicites sont utilisés par la Commission européenne, selon une méthodologie qui lui est propre. Notre méthodologie diffère sur trois points : l’interprétation de l’imposition du travail par rapport à une évolution à politique inchangée, la prise en compte des subventions salariales et une analyse plus désagrégée de l’imposition du capital. L’impact du tax shift décidé par le gouvernement en 2014 est bien visible sur les années 2015-2016. Il se traduit dans une baisse du taux d’imposition implicite du travail de 1,6 point par rapport à une évolution à politique inchangée. On note aussi une hausse du taux d’imposition implicite de la consommation. Ces changements rompent une période de relative stabilité.
Le rire comme clef de compréhension des relations sociales
Authors: Marchand Véronique
Published: July 2019

L’enquête ethnographique menée dans les marchés de Roubaix, en tant qu’espaces urbains multidimensionnels, professionnels et politiques, met en évidence l’emploi d’un registre de communication privilégié chez les commerçants, en majorité des hommes, d’origine nord-africaine : le rire. Tout d’abord, les plaisanteries adressées au client constituent un savoir-faire professionnel. Puis, les discours sur leur propre parcours sont teintés d’autodérision. Enfin, les moqueries vis-à-vis des placiers permettent de délégitimer leur autorité. Le rire représente une clef de compréhension des relations professionnelles mais aussi des rapports sociaux, et notamment de pouvoir.
Diseño y caracterización de tres aleaciones multiprincipales ligeras potencialmente candidatas a aleaciones de alta entropía
Authors: Pérez Pablo , Garcés Gerardo , Frutos-Myro Enrique , Antoranz Juan M. , Tsipas Sophia , Adeva Paloma
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se estudia la posibilidad de preparar aleaciones de alta entropía del sistema Al-Sc-Ti-V-Cr. Para ello se han seleccionado los elementos y la composición utilizando los criterios conocidos y disponibles en la literatura y se han preparado mediante fusión por arco tres aleaciones con contenidos que varían entre el 10 y 35 at.%. Las tres aleaciones tienen una microestructura dendrítica bifásica similar, siendo las dendritas una solución sólida bcc enriquecida en Ti, V o Cr. El escandio aparece únicamente en el espacio interdendrítico formando el intermetálico Al2Sc. La dureza de las dendritas crece con el contenido en Ti y se hace menor a medida que es mayor el contenido en Cr. Además, la tenacidad de las aleaciones depende de la dureza de las dendritas siendo ésta mayor cuanto más blandas son las dendritas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que ni los criterios empíricos utilizados ni los cálculos mediante THERMOCALC permiten predecir la formación de una única solución sólida ni la naturaleza de las fases observadas experimentalmente.
Predicción del agrietamiento inducido por corrosión en hormigón armado mediante modelización por elementos finitos
Authors: Castorena-González José H. , Gaona-Tiburcio Citlalli , Bastidas David M. , Núñez-Jáquez Rosa E. , Bastidas José M. , Almeraya-Calderón Facundo M.
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo propone un método de elementos finitos (FE) para calcular la profundidad de penetración por corrosión (rcrit) en las armaduras de acero, necesaria para originar la aparición de la primera grieta visible en el recubrimiento de hormigón. El análisis por FE se ha llevado a cabo utilizando el programa comercial ANSYS. El método de FE obtenido se ha desarrollado en función del espesor del recubrimiento de hormigón libre (C), el diámetro de la armadura (D), la longitud de la zona anódica (L), y el tipo de hormigón. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una gran influencia de la corrosión localizada (pequeñas zonas anódicas frente a grandes zonas catódicas) en la predicción del valor de rcrit. Esta influencia sólo puede ser analizada tridimensionalmente. El modelo de FE propuesto se validó utilizando datos de la bibliografía. La originalidad del procedimiento propuesto radica en la consideración de la dirección longitudinal en el análisis, para tener en cuenta la extensión de la zona anódica. El tipo de corrosión tiene una gran dependencia de la relación entre C/L, ocasionando corrosión uniforme para valores entre 0,02 < C/L < 0,1, y originando corrosión localizada para valores entre 0,5 < C/L < 4,0.
Prier dans les bois et les champs. Israël Baal Shem Tov et la nature
Authors: Baumgarten Jean
Published: July 2019

Israël Baal Shem Tov, le fondateur du hassidisme, avait l’habitude de s’isoler dans la nature, un des lieux privilégiés de présence et de manifestation du divin. Nombre de textes des maîtres, les tsaddikim, décrivent les techniques mystiques qu’il pratiquait au sein des forêts d’Europe orientale. Une autre acception du terme nature renvoie aux dispositions psychospychiques qui projettent le hassid dans une dimension supra-consciente, notamment dans l’extase chamanique et la prière extatique.
Un bouleau à Yad Eliyahu. La nature chez Binyomin Heller
Authors: Mer Benny
Published: July 2019

Binem Heller (1908-1998) est un poète de la ville, tout d’abord à Varsovie, puis à Tel Aviv, qui s’identifie avec les paysages et les rues de ces cités. Dans le même temps, ses œuvres abondent en motifs liés à la nature. Dans sa jeunesse, bien qu’engagé dans le communisme, il ne reste pas indifférent aux symboles qui abreuvent le nationalisme polonais puisés dans les saisons, la faune et la flore de son lieu de naissance. Même après la guerre, poète yiddish vivant en Pologne, il tente de renouer avec ses racines polonaises par le truchement de la nature. Puis il utilise celle-ci pour exprimer sa décision de changer d’existence et d’émigrer en Israël en 1956. Dans son nouveau pays, il chante par exemple les orangers et les amandiers. Mais son objectif ultime est de faire la synthèse entre les souvenirs de la Pologne de sa jeunesse et son nouvel environnement en Israël.
La nature dans le Mayse bukh
Authors: Starck-Adler Astrid
Published: July 2019

Dans le Mayse bukh [Livre d’histoires] imprimé à Bâle en 1602, la nature comme création divine joue un rôle fondamental. Elle englobe la flore et la faune qui, en tant que messagères de Dieu et exécutrices de sa volonté, rappellent à l’homme et à la femme ses devoirs sur terre et leur ouvrent les portes de la réminiscence originelle et paradisiaque, en Terre d’Israël et plus tard en diaspora. Le savoir sur les plantes deviendra l’apanage de la femme pieuse, tandis qu’à l’homme pieux échoira la connaissance de toute la Torah et des langues, y compris celle des animaux.
Highly Increased Flow-Induced Voltage Generation on Hybrid Membranes of Monolayer Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chae Jung Ryung , Shul Chan Yong , Jung Won Suk
Published: July 2019

We investigate the hybrid structure composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and monolayer graphene to highly increase flow-induced voltage generation by an ionic droplet on these hybrid carbon membranes. These properties were characterized by Raman spectra, a field-emission-scanning probe, and optical microscope. We demonstrated flow-induced voltage generation on the hybrid structure at various ion concentrations of NaCl. The generated voltage for the membrane of SWCNTs/graphene/SWCNTs was 8.636 and 4.92 times larger than for the SWCNTs, and graphene/SWCNTs membranes, respectively, based on the highly increased electron dragging mechanism.
Early T Cell Differentiation with Well-Maintained Function across the Adult Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Miles David J. C. , Shumba Florence , Pachnio Annette , Begum Jusnara , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Heyderman Robert S. , Moss Paul
Published: July 2019

Immune senescence is a significant contributor to health problems in the developed world and may be accelerated by chronic viral infections. To date, there have been few studies of immune function in healthy older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed T cell and B cell phenotypes and immune responses to CMV, EBV, and influenza virus in Malawians aged 20–69 y. Notably, the proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells was only 14% of the lymphoid repertoire even in donors aged under 30 y but did not decrease further with age. A small increase in the late differentiated (CD27−CD28−) CD8 T cell subpopulation was observed in older donors but the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio remained stable in all age groups. Interestingly, the regulatory (CD25hiFOXP3hi) T cell subpopulation was small in all age groups, and we observed no age-associated accumulation of cells expressing the senescence- and exhaustion-associated markers CD57 and PD-1. We assessed functional T cell responses to mitogenic and viral antigenic stimulation by the expression of CD154, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 and proliferation. All responses were robust across the life course, although we observed an age-associated shift from IFN-γ to TNF-α in the response to EBV. In summary, we found the naive T cell subpopulation of young adult Malawians was smaller than in their contemporaries in high-income settings but remains stable thereafter and that lymphocyte function is retained across the life course. These observations indicate that studies of the genetic and environmental factors influencing immune function in different environments may provide insights into minimizing immune ageing.
Cutting Edge: Targeting Thrombocytes to Rewire Anticancer Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment and Potentiate Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Riesenberg Brian P. , Ansa-Addo Ephraim A. , Gutierrez Jennifer , Timmers Cynthia D. , Liu Bei , Li Zihai
Published: July 2019

Aside from their roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, thrombocytes or platelets also promote tumor growth via immune suppression. However, the extent to which platelet activation shapes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and whether platelet inhibition can be leveraged to improve checkpoint blockade are unknown. We show in this study that platelet function in mice mediates suppression of CD8+ T cell function within the TME but not in the draining lymph nodes. Tempering platelet activation genetically reduced TGF-β signaling in both immune and nonimmune cells in the TME, enhanced T cell frequency and function, and decreased CD11b+ myeloid cell infiltration in the tumor. Targeting platelet function pharmacologically in tumor-bearing mice with aspirin and clopidogrel in combination with PD-1 blockade improved tumor control. These results suggest that platelet function represents a continuous, supplemental mechanism of immune evasion co-opted by tumors to evade antitumor immunity and offers an attractive target for combination with immunotherapy.
Late diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a child at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa: A case report
Authors: Siwele Bakani A. , Makhado Ndivhuho A. , Mariba Matodzi T.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: South Africa has one of the top ten tuberculosis burdens in the world, only lagging behind countries with significantly larger populations. Increased awareness of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, specifically spinal tuberculosis, is necessary, because of the HIV epidemic.Case presentation: This report describes the case of a 9-year-old male patient who was suspected of having multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, based on failure to recover clinically and radiologically after 6 months on first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment. Pus samples were sent to an accredited academic laboratory for histopathology, microscopy, culture, line-probe assay (MTBDRplus assay) and phenotypic MGIT 960 drug susceptibility tests. Second-line MDR tuberculosis treatment was introduced. Clinical, radiological, physical processes and more laboratory tests were conducted to document whether or not there was improvement in the patient.Management and outcome: After laboratory diagnosis of MDR tuberculosis, the patient was started on MDR tuberculosis treatment. The patient started improving remarkably after the introduction of anti-tuberculosis treatment and rehabilitation, although he also required surgery to stabilise the spine. Neurological improvement was observed in the patient and he fully recovered.Discussion: Although the diagnosis of spinal MDR tuberculosis may not be achieved easily by culture, the well-known gold standard method of tuberculosis diagnosis, it is of great importance to rapidly initiate an effective anti-tuberculosis treatment of drug-resistant strains to reduce the deformity of the spine.
Inclusion, universal design and universal design for learning in higher education: South Africa and the United States
Authors: Dalton Elizabeth M. , Lyner-Cleophas Marcia , Ferguson Britt T. , McKenzie Judith
Published: July 2019

Around the world, institutions of higher education are recognising their responsibilities to achieve the full inclusion of individuals with differing needs and/or disabilities. The frameworks of universal design (UD) and universal design for learning (UDL) offer unique ways to build inclusiveness in our systems. The role of UD and UDL to strengthen successful inclusion of persons with differing needs in higher education programmes is presented from literature, inclusive of national and international policies and resources. Examples from South African and US institutions of higher learning are shared. Discussions of online accessibility, environmental issues, professional development, barriers to inclusion and recommendations for future development in an international context provide a vision for developing inclusive learning environments in higher education.
The ophthalmology postgraduate training programme in South Africa: The registrars’ perspective
Authors: Majola Nonhlanhla
Published: July 2019

Background: In South Africa, to become an ophthalmologist, one must successfully complete a 4-year postgraduate training programme as a registrar. This training has been offered at different institutions around the country for many years without ever being scrutinised.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the training methods and platforms, overall satisfaction levels, problems and solutions pertaining to postgraduate ophthalmology training as identified by ophthalmology registrars.Setting: The study was conducted in all the institutions across South Africa offering ophthalmology postgraduate training.Methods: This was an educational evaluation study. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire created using SurveyMonkey.com and sent via email to all ophthalmology registrars, including supernumerary candidates. Ethical approval was granted by the university’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee.Results: There was a 48% response rate to the survey. Registrars were satisfied that they had received adequate teaching and support, although there was room for improvement. The common problems that impacted the quality of training, as cited by the registrars, were staff shortages, large patient numbers as well as old and broken-down infrastructure or equipment. Despite 86% of the registrars spending at least 5–10 h a week in theatre, 13.3% indicated that they had no supervision during that time. Access to teaching materials (journals, library and Internet) was not available to 34% of the respondents.Conclusion: Registrars were generally satisfied with their training, but major problems that negatively affect their time as trainees were highlighted. Cooperation between registrars, universities, heads of departments and the department of health will be important to remedy this situation.
Financial leverage decisions in an era of corporate earnings down-turn and financial market instability: The Nigerian experience
Authors: Ezeoha Abel E.
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the impact of profitability on the financial leverage of firms operating in an unstable macroeconomic environment such as Nigeria. Using fixed and dynamic panel models, it finds consistent evidence that the profitability of a firm significantly and negatively affects its short-term debt, but not its long-term debt capital. It attributes this to the unstable nature of the Nigerian business environment and the relative inefficiency of its financial markets. It signals that Nigerian firms could be over-relying on short-term debt and external equity to fund long-term investments – a trend that is capable of increasing cost of capital to a level above any plausible limit.
‘n Ondersoek na die inkomstebelastinghantering van beëindigingsboetes betaalbaar deur verhuurders by die voortydige beëindiging van ‘n huurooreenkoms
Authors: Willemse Leonard , Badenhorst David
Published: July 2019

The premature termination of lease agreements is a common occurrence in the South African and international business arena. When a lease is terminated prematurely, it is currently the practice that the person who terminates the lease agreement has to pay a termination penalty. This article investigates the income tax treatment possibilities of the penalty paid by a lessor. For purposes of this investigation the income tax treatment of lease termination penalties in Australia, Canada, the United States of America and South Africa are investigated. This is done in order to identify guidelines and principles that could possibly be used in a South African context, which may lead to the efficient and correct treatment of lease termination penalties for South African income tax purposes. The investigation concludes that the factors surrounding the lease termination transaction as well as the intention of the parties involved, will determine the appropriate income tax treatment of the penalty. The question must be asked whether or not the termination penalty was incurred as part of a ‘profit-making scheme’ and what happens after the penalty has been incurred. It is recommended that, where the penalty is deemed to be capital in nature, the merit of allowing some sort of capital allowance (similar to the one used in the United States of America) should be investigated.
Addressing the small business tax compliance burden: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Smulders Sharon , Naidoo Gelishan
Published: July 2019

Small businesses have the potential to grow the economy, generate jobs and reduce poverty, but they face many constraints including high tax compliance costs and burdens. A comparison of the findings and recommendations made in small business tax compliance cost studies conducted in South Africa with initiatives introduced by the South African Revenue Service (SARS), substantiated by consultations with a SARS and a South African Institute of Chartered Accountants official, reveals that SARS has, in most cases, attempted to address the tax compliance burdens identified in these studies. However, SARS has only partially addressed the complexity of the tax law, the lack of software to assist small businesses with their record-keeping and the compliance burden associated with provisional tax. SARS has failed to address the need for a threshold below which no small business tax return is required to be submitted, the inclusion of tax in the school syllabus, the requirement for first-time offenders to attend courses instead of raising penalties and the need for a reduction in the rates of interest and penalties raised by SARS. These initiatives should be considered by SARS and it is recommended that further research into the success and effectiveness of all the initiatives already introduced by SARS be performed.
The influence of trust, commitment and conflict-handling on customer loyalty: A parallel investigation
Authors: Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Strachan Lauren , Du Plessis Leon
Published: July 2019

The primary objective of this article is to compare the influence of trust, commitment, and conflict-handling on customer loyalty through the intervening role of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the life and non-life insurance sector of South Africa. Primary data was gathered using a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 254 life insurance and 400 non-life insurance customers in South Africa. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. For the life insurance component of the study, trust, commitment and conflict-handling exerted a statistically significant positive influence on CRM. CRM also positively influenced customer loyalty. For the non-life insurance component of the study, no significant relationship exists between trust and CRM. A significant positive relationship does exist between conflict-handling and CRM, while a significant negative relationship exists between commitment and CRM. Therefore, life and non-life insurance providers should retain and develop loyal customers by being trustworthy (giving and keeping promises, providing quality services and illustrating a respect for customers), committed (enhanced segmentation of the customer base and increased customer surveys), and, lastly, by resolving conflicts in a timely and acceptable manner, limiting the difficulties and disappointment experienced by the customer.
The impact of decisions to outsource the internal audit function in South Africa
Authors: Papageorgiou Elmarie , Padia Nirupa , Yasseen Yaeesh
Published: July 2019

Organisations are constantly striving to maximise shareholder wealth by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of operations. Since the early 1980s, there has been an emerging trend to outsource functions considered to be non-core. These trends have now moved into the internal audit sphere, a function that was previously maintained in-house. Using survey data collected from organisations in the South African private and public sectors, the degree of internal audit outsourcing, the rationale behind organisations’ outsourcing decisions, the types of internal audit services provider, the perceived status of in-house internal auditing and perceptions of independence of outsourced internal audit functions were determined. It was noteworthy that no significant differences were observed between sectors with regard to interaction with external auditors and threats to independence. The biggest difference appears to be that private companies chose a “Big 4” accounting firm more often than the government sector did. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and bridges the gap between theory and practice by highlighting the impact that the decision to outsource has had on the South African internal audit function.
Growth effects of migrants’ remittances in selected Sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Ajilore Taiwo , Ikhide Sylvanus
Published: July 2019

The study examined the assumption that ‘size matters’ in the empirical controversy of the relationship between migrants’ remittances and economic growth. This is done through an empirical analysis of the remittances-growth relationships in selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, where remittance inflows are overwhelming proportions of real GDP. The study used data at the country level, for five countries: Cape Verde, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo. The long-run ARDL estimates indicate positive and significant effects of migrants’ remittances on growth performance in Cape Verde and Nigeria, but negative, and slightly significant effects for Lesotho, with no evidence of long-run level relationships between remittances and economic growth in Senegal and Togo. Thus, the assumption that size may matter in the remittance–growth nexus finds no support, as findings provide no significant departure from the existing inconclusiveness of empirical literature on the relationship. For policy, the study advocates country-level policies that improve the efficiency of remittance inflows and promote the use of remittances for developmental purposes.
The influence of emotional intelligence on diversity complexity cognition and the attitude towards diversity
Authors: Kamps J. M. , Engelbrecht A. S.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a theoretical model explicating the structural relationships between diversity complexity cognition, emotional intelligence and a positive attitude towards diversity in the South African business context. The sample selected for the study consisted of 237 employees from various South African organisations. The content and structure of the latent variables were investigated by means of item analysis, as well as confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrated good model fit for the refined measurement models and the structural model. A positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and the latent variables of valuing individual differences and positive perceptual depth. The practical implications were highlighted to ultimately inform management seeking to build an ethically diverse and productive workforce that values the individuality of others.
Cloud computing service value: A message to the board
Authors: Von Solms R. , Viljoen M.
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to alert the board to their duty of adding value to the organizations they represent by recognizing opportunities presented by new developments in information technology. Cloud computing is one such development, which is associated with opportunities and benefits. The service value that can be achieved by using this computing model will be influential in the adoption of cloud computing services. Service value is determined by the warranty and utility associated with that service. Thus, if an organization can associate itself with the utility and warranty on offer via cloud computing, it should consider the adoption of these services. Cloud computing is discussed in terms of service value. This promotes an understanding of factors to be considered when making decisions about the adoption of cloud computing.