bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysms With Age, Sex, and Bifurcation Geometry
Authors: Zhang Xue-Jing , Gao Bu-Lang , Li Tian-Xiao , Hao Wei-Li , Wu Song-Shi , Zhang Dong-Hai
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

Basilar artery (BA) bifurcation aneurysms are common, but the correlation between BA bifurcation morphology and aneurysm formation remains to be established. Our purpose was to determine the association of BA bifurcation aneurysms with patient age, sex, bifurcation angle, and branch diameter.

Methods—

Three-dimensional angiographic data of 195 patients were used, including 59 patients with BA bifurcation aneurysms and 136 control subjects. The angles formed between left and right posterior cerebral arteries (φ1) and between posterior cerebral artery and BA (the smaller angle defined as φ2 and the larger one as φ3), arterial diameters, and BA bifurcation aneurysm geometric characters were examined.

Results—

Women of 40 to 70 years of age are more vulnerable to BA bifurcation aneurysm formation than men. The φ1 bifurcation angle significantly increased (
P
<0.0001), whereas both φ2 and φ3 angles significantly decreased (
P
<0.0001 and
P
=0.09, respectively) with increase of patients’ age. Statistically significant (
P
<0.0001 and
P
=0.0002, respectively) positive correlations were observed between BA bifurcation branch diameter and aneurysm size. The φ1 angle was significantly (
P
<0.0001) wider in patients harboring BA bifurcation aneurysms than the control, whereas φ2 and φ3 angles in aneurysm group were significantly smaller than those in the control group (
P
<0.0001). The BA bifurcation aneurysms were mostly deviated toward the smaller φ2 angle side between φ2 and φ3 angles and deviated toward the smaller-diameter daughter posterior cerebral artery branch.

Conclusions—

BA bifurcation aneurysms are significantly associated with patients’ age, female sex, wider bifurcation angles, and smaller vascular diameter at the BA bifurcation.
Aquilegia yangii (Ranunculaceae), a new species from western China
Authors: LI LU , LUO YAN , YANG CHEN-XUAN , DENG JIAN-PING , ERST ANDREY S.
Published: May 2018

Aquilegia yangii (Ranunculaceae), a new species from western China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. oxysepala and A. kansuensis. However, there are differences in reproductive structure, especially flower size, petal shape, anther colour and seed surface, between the new species and the other two species. The seed surface morphology of the new species is also described in this study.
the La Porte weather anomaly—fact or fiction?
Authors: Changnon Stanley A.
Published: May 2018

A notable increase in precipitation, moderate rain days, thunderstorm days, and hail days has been occurring since 1925 at La Porte, Ind. Since La Porte is 30 miles east of the large complex of heavy industries at Chicago, there is a strong suggestion that the increases in precipitation conditions are due to inadvertent man-made modification.

If these increases are real, they serve as a good measure of the increase in convective precipitation that man could attain, at the same time pinpointing an excellent site for future meteorological studies of the exact causes of the increases. If the increases are fictional and result from exposure changes and observer error, they serve as an indication of the sizeable errors that may exist in some of our long-term climatological records.

The increase at La Porte is sizeable: during the 1951–1965 period La Porte had 31% more precipitation, 38% more thunderstorms, and 246% more hail days than did surrounding stations. Since 1925 the year-to-year fluctuations in the annual and warm season precipitation at La Porte show agreement with the temporal distribution of steel production in the Chicago area. After a careful assessment of all available climatological data, it was concluded that these sizeable increases were real and not fictional.
The Impact of Indian Ocean Mean-State Biases in Climate Models on the Representation of the East African Short Rains
Authors: Hirons Linda , Turner Andrew
Published: May 2018

The role of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in controlling interannual variability in the East African short rains, from October to December, is examined in state-of-the-art models and in detail in one particular climate model. In observations, a wet short-rainy season is associated with the positive phase of the IOD and anomalous easterly low-level flow across the equatorial Indian Ocean. A model’s ability to capture the teleconnection to the positive IOD is closely related to its representation of the mean state. During the short-rains season, the observed low-level wind in the equatorial Indian Ocean is westerly. However, half of the models analyzed exhibit mean-state easterlies across the entire basin. Specifically, those models that exhibit mean-state low-level equatorial easterlies in the Indian Ocean, rather than the observed westerlies, are unable to capture the latitudinal structure of moisture advection into East Africa during a positive IOD. Furthermore, the associated anomalous easterly surface wind stress causes upwelling in the eastern Indian Ocean. This upwelling draws up cool subsurface waters, enhancing the zonal sea surface temperature gradient between west and east and strengthening the positive IOD pattern, further amplifying the easterly wind stress. This positive Bjerknes coupled feedback is stronger in easterly mean-state models, resulting in a wetter East African short-rain precipitation bias in those models.
Thermal buckling response and fracture analysis for delaminated fiber reinforced composite plates under thermo-mechanical coupling
Authors: Tian Xinpeng , Yao Dong , Li Qun
Published: May 2018

Fiber reinforced composites are often subjected to severe thermal-mechanical coupling loads. In order to predict the stiffness and strength of the designed composites, thermal buckling response of the delaminated fiber reinforced composite plates and fracture analysis along the delamination front under thermo-mechanical coupling are investigated based on the generalized layerwise plate theory. Delamination between individual layers is considered as discontinuities in the displacement field using Heaviside step functions in the finite element model of delaminated composite plates. Governing equations are derived using virtual work principle and fracture analysis is performed by calculation of the strain energy release rate along the delamination front by means of the virtual crack closure technique. The effect of laying angle, delamination size, and delamination position on the critical thermal buckling temperature of laminated composite plates are investigated. Numerical results reveal that the critical thermal buckling temperature is insensitive to the delamination size less than an ‘irrelevant size’ and then significantly decreases with the increase of delamination sizes. The inside delamination has a greater influence on the critical thermal buckling temperature than the outside delamination. The maximum values of strain energy release rate always occur in the ‘equivalent material direction’ when the delamination is located in the middle of composite plates, while it is determined by laying angle and delamination position together for non-middle plane delamination.
Size effects on compressive behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites under high strain rates
Authors: Liu Tao , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: May 2018

The compressive behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites with different cross sections and lengths along braided direction under high strain rates were reported from numerical simulations and experimental tests. The microstructure models with and without defects were established. The microstructure model with random distributed defects was to investigate the influence of sample length and random defects on the compressive properties. The microstructure model without defects is to reveal the effect of the cross section area on the compressive behavior. We found from finite element analysis that volume fractions of interior, surface, and corner unit cells vary with the cross section area. The strength and modulus were sensitive to the volume fractions of the unit cells and defects in the braided composites. The effect of the sample length on the compressive behaviors was not as significant as the cross section area and defects. The testing validated the finite element analysis results well.
Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Risk of Substance Use: Where Does the Risk Begin?
Authors: Meldrum Ryan Charles , Leimberg Anna
Published: May 2018

Research finds that unstructured socializing with peers is positively associated with substance use, but important issues remain underexamined. Specifically, does the risk of substance use resulting from time spent engaged in unstructured socializing with peers begin immediately, or is a certain minimum threshold of time spent with peers required? To investigate this, data were collected on a statewide sample of adolescents from Florida. Results indicate the minimum required amount of time spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers to pose a risk of alcohol or marijuana use is 3 to 5 hr per week. For tobacco use outcomes, the minimum number of hours required to pose a risk is higher, particularly for cigarette use, where risk begins at more than 20 hr per week. Supplementary analyses indicate that for alcohol and marijuana use there is a decelerating risk stemming from additional hours spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers.
Disproportionality in Special Education: A Synthesis of International Research and Trends
Authors: Cooc North , Kiru Elisheba W.
Published: April 2018

Access to schooling and special education services remains a challenge for many children with disabilities around the world. In the United States, much attention has focused on disproportionality—the over- and underrepresentation of student groups within special education. In this study, to contextualize and better understand the scope and factors associated with disproportionality in the United States and abroad, we synthesized literature on special education disproportionality in international contexts and identified trends across student groups and countries, including the ways in which scholars have examined this topic. Results show that studies focused mainly on the overrepresentation of ethnic minority, immigrant, and Indigenous populations in European or English-speaking nations. Nearly all studies emphasized structural inequalities in society over cultural barriers as mechanisms contributing to disproportionality. Policy recommendations, however, were more likely to focus on improving the special education identification process. The review has implications for research, practice, and policy to improve education for children with disabilities in the United States and abroad.
Synthesis of novel 4,4'-bis(2,4-pyrimidinyl)-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid derivatives and their whitening effect on cotton fiber as fluorescent whitening agents
Authors: Wan Maosheng , Hua Li , Zeng Yiwen , Xie Dengyu , Jiao Peifu , Tong Zhangfa
Published: May 2018

Some novel 4,4'-bis(2,4-pyrimidinyl)-diamino stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid derivatives 4a-d were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and ultraviolet absorption spectra. All newly synthesized compounds were interrogated on their whitening effect on cotton fiber as fluorescent whitening agents. Their optical properties were evaluated by the degree of whiteness, color index, light fastness, wet rubbing fastness and dry rubbing fastness. The results indicated that compounds 4a-d showed an obvious whitening effect on cotton fiber and higher fastness than that of C186. The reflectivity of cotton fiber treated with compounds 4a-d at the critical concentration was up to 120.76%. In contrast, the reflectivity of untreated cotton fiber was only 87.23%. The ultraviolet absorption properties of compound 4d were tested under diverse pH values. The results showed that the ultraviolet absorption intensity of compound 4d decreased significantly and the absorption curve had blue shift under acidic conditions. Compound 4d was found to be the most effective molecule as a fluorescent whitening agent with a higher degree of whiteness (CIE Whiteness 135.04) compared to untreated cotton fiber (CIE Whiteness 73.02) at the critical concentration (0.1%).
Enhancing the mechanical properties of virgin and damaged jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles via mild alkali treatment of jute fibers
Authors: Rawal Amit , Paharia Ayush , Kumar Vijay
Published: May 2018

Nonwoven geotextiles made from hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers can potentially offer distinct advantages in terms of uniformity and improved mechanical properties. To further enhance the mechanical properties of hybrid nonwoven geotextiles, natural fibers such as jute must be treated with a minimal amount of alkali, such that the treatment process becomes scalable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Herein, we report a comparative analysis of physical and mechanical properties between the corresponding samples of untreated (UT) jute/polypropylene (PP) and mild alkali-treated (MAT) jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles in both virgin and damaged conditions. The constituent jute fibers were treated with 0.5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution under ambient temperature conditions for 24 h duration. Such mild treatment of jute fibers with alkali solution resulted in considerable improvement in the mechanical properties of MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the sets of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Various types of damage, including circular holes, horizontal cuts, vertical cuts and inclined cuts at an angle of 45°, were artificially induced in hybrid nonwoven geotextiles to investigate the reduction in tensile properties. Further, the Poisson's ratio in virgin and damaged states was determined to make a comparison between the UT and MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. In general, lower Poisson's ratio values were observed for mechanically damaged MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the samples of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Surprisingly, the vertical cuts induced in MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles yielded tensile strength comparable to that of virgin samples.
POLITICAL REFORM IN JORDAN: Reality and Aspirations
Authors: Torki Bani Salameh Mohammed
Published: May 2018

This article offers a comprehensive review of the process of political reform in Jordan under the reign of King Hussein and King Abdullah II from 1989 to the present. It also identifies obstacles to political reform. Main findings include that political reform in Jordan is an old and popular demand, and that the process of political reform in the country has made some achievements. However, these achievements have not been enough to push real and lasting reforms forward. The study presents a number of policy recommendations. The most notable concern is the need for further constitutional amendments to consolidate the democratic principle of “sovereignty of the people,” reduce the executive authority's access to other authorities, and reconsider the laws governing political life, to build a state ruled by law and institutions, to establish a society of justice and equality, and to overcome the instabilities manifested in the Arab Spring.
Backpacker Personal Development, Generalized Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem: Testing a Structural Model
Authors: Chen Ganghua , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Hu Xianyang
Published: May 2018

Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), this study aims to advance the theoretical understanding of backpacker personal development (BPD) by examining its relationships with two important social-psychological constructs, that is, generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and self-esteem (SE). Using two samples from different cultural groups (Chinese backpackers, n=230; Western backpackers, n=242) and applying the partial least squares structural equation modeling, the study found that among Chinese backpackers, skill development positively influenced GSE while worldview changes negatively influenced SE. For Western backpackers, capability development and emotional adjustment positively influenced their GSE. The positive effects of GSE on SE were confirmed in both samples. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Using Sociometers to Advance Small Group Research
Authors: Parker John N. , Cardenas Edgar , Dorr Alexander N. , Hackett Edward J.
Published: May 2018

New technologies transform research specialties and potentiate new fields. Sociometers—wearable electronic sensors collecting quantitative, dynamic data about embodied social interactions at hyperfine scales—represent such a possibility for small group research. This article introduces this new method and its distinctive qualities and affordances. Next, we relate its potential for advancing understanding of three types of small group phenomena: (1) rhythmic entrainment, emotional energy, and solidarity; (2) nonverbal dominance and deference; and (3) groups as complex systems. We then present findings from two pilot studies of small group creativity in science and art collaborations. To do so, we combine sociometric, survey, and ethnographic data to consider how speech participation, body movement, and volume shape group creativity and to illustrate how sociometric data complements traditional qualitative and quantitative methods. We close by relating practical lessons learned to aid future researchers working to harness this powerful new research technology.
Elder Mistreatment Among Older Chinese Americans: The Role of Family Cohesion
Authors: Gao Xiang , Sun Fei , Marsiglia Flavio F. , Dong Xinqi
Published: May 2018

Cultural values are believed to influence perceptions of and solutions to elder mistreatment (EM) perpetrated by family members. This study aimed to understand the influence of family cohesion on EM reported by community-dwelling older Chinese Americans. A mixed-method approach consisting of a quantitative survey built on focus group interviews was utilized. Focus group interviews were conducted to ensure subsequent survey questions about EM were culturally and linguistically appropriate. The revised survey questionnaires were then administered to 266 Chinese American older adults to assess estimated EM prevalence and the effects of family cohesion. Survey findings indicate that 1 in 10 reported at least one occurrence of EM in the past year. Depressed Chinese older adults (OR= 1.14) and those reporting low levels of family cohesion (OR = .82) were more likely to experience EM. Multigenerational family interventions can be designed to reduce older adults’ depression levels and promote family cohesion.
Intersectionality, Intersubjectivity & Integration: A Two Person Therapy
Authors: Fort Christin J.
Published: May 2018

In this article I focus on the intersection of client and therapist experiences, and highlight the significance of reciprocity in the therapeutic relationship. Specifically, I attend to the process of joining and shared experience. I pay particular attention to contextual factors that shape the dynamics of interpersonal processes from a psychoanalytically informed framework—namely, Intersubjective Systems Theory (IST). From this vantage point, the interplay of client and therapist’s experiences of transference co-create an intersubjective system that, when acknowledged and attended to, creates the relational space for the client to explore his or her own “worlds of emotional experience” more fully (Stolorow, 2013). IST’s admonishment to attend to the contextual factors that shape the therapeutic relationship makes room for a broader, and deeper, form of clinical case conceptualization. A complimentary theory that has received increasing attention in the last two decades is intersectionality theory. Originally coined in the context of legal scholarship, intersectionality theory calls for a more holistic acknowledgement of, and appreciation for, the multiple factors (e.g. gender, race, religious affiliation) that shape personal identity, and the inextricable links that enable these factors to influence each other. Drawing on a clinical case, I highlight the ways that these theories can work together in a therapeutic relationship.
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice
Authors: Watkins Marley W.
Published: April 2018

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a multivariate statistical method that has become a fundamental tool in the development and validation of psychological theories and measurements. However, researchers must make several thoughtful and evidence-based methodological decisions while conducting an EFA, and there are a number of options available at each decision point, some better than others. Reviews of the professional literature have consistently found that many applications of EFA are marked by an injudicious choice of methods and incomplete reports. This article provides a systematic, evidence-based guide to the conduct of EFA studies that can be followed by researchers with modest statistical training, supplemented with an example to illustrate its application.
A Network Analysis Perspective to Implementation: The Example of Health Links to Promote Coordinated Care
Authors: Yousefi Nooraie Reza , Khan Sobia , Gutberg Jennifer , Baker G. Ross
Published: May 2018

Although implementation models broadly recognize the importance of social relationships, our knowledge about applying social network analysis (SNA) to formative, process, and outcome evaluations of health system interventions is limited. We explored applications of adopting an SNA lens to inform implementation planning, engagement and execution, and evaluation. We used Health Links, a province-wide program in Canada aiming to improve care coordination among multiple providers of high-needs patients, as an example of a health system intervention. At the planning phase, an SNA can depict the structure, network influencers, and composition of clusters at various levels. It can inform the engagement and execution by identifying potential targets (e.g., opinion leaders) and by revealing structural gaps and clusters. It can also be used to assess the outcomes of the intervention, such as its success in increasing network connectivity; changing the position of certain actors; and bridging across specialties, organizations, and sectors. We provided an overview of how an SNA lens can shed light on the complexity of implementation along the entire implementation pathway, by revealing the relational barriers and facilitators, the application of network-informed and network-altering interventions, and testing hypotheses on network consequences of the implementation.
The Impact of Shelter Environment, Parental Communication, and Supervision on Depression Outcomes Among an Urban Sample of Adolescent First-Time Shelter Users in New York City
Authors: Alleyne-Green Binta , Kulick Alex , Osuji Hadiza L. , Beharie Nisha , Sealy Yvette
Published: May 2018

Using data from the cross-sectional HIV prevention Outreach for Parents and Early Adolescents (HOPE) study, we explored the impact of shelter environment, quality parenting, as well as the effects of gender and first-time shelter use on depression outcomes among 243 adolescent shelter users in New York City. Results indicate comfort in the shelter environment, and higher rates of monitoring and supervision were associated with lower rates of depression. Girls residing in shelters for the first time reported highest rates of depression. Recommendations for future interventions with this population are discussed.
Constrictive pericarditis: retrospective study of 109 patients
Authors: Kumawat Mukesh , Lahiri Tapan Kumar , Agarwal Damyanti
Published: April 2018

Background

Chronic constrictive pericarditis is the most common diastolic disorder of the heart. Non-elasticity of the pericardium with impaired cardiac diastolic function is constriction. Chronic constrictive pericarditis is the result of scarring and fibrosis in mid and late diastole. The clinical presentation is similar to that of right heart failure. Historically, the etiology is helpful but not diagnostic. Echocardiography and a hemodynamic study are the main diagnostic tools. A thick pericardium of more than 4 mm is not necessarily constrictive, but thickness ≥7 mm is highly specific for constrictive features. Pericardiectomy is usually associated with early normalization of hemodynamics, which can be achieved via a mid-sternotomy or left anterolateral thoracotomy.

Methods

Data of 109 patients who underwent pericardiectomy from January 1987 to June 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

The outcome of our 109 cases consisted of mortality in 2 patients only.

Conclusion

Progressive, fibrotic, thickened, adherent inflammatory changes in response to various pathologies of the pericardium impairing diastolic filling can be treated by pericardiectomy. Pericardiectomy can be achieved by a mid-sternotomy or anterolateral thoracotomy without any difference in outcome. The initial hemodynamic and clinical result may not always be dramatic but continued improvement is definite because of progressive enlargement of left ventricular dimensions.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in adults, presenting as a single cyst
Authors: Scamporlino Adriana , Ambrosini Andrea , Turrini Ercole , Morandi Uliano , Stefani Alessandro
Published: May 2018

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations are lung anomalies usually detected prenatally or in newborns and infants. Type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations appears as a multicystic lesion, with cysts up to 2 cm in diameter, or as a single large cyst. In the latter case, when detected in adults, the preoperative diagnosis is challenging because congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations can be confused with other more common lesions. We describe two cases of uniloculated type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in adults. In both cases, the preoperative clinical diagnosis was missed and the patients were surgically treated with lung-sparing cyst resections.
Engaging young string players in metacognition
Authors: Power Anne M. , Powell Sarah J.
Published: May 2018

This article is about one focus of a two-year project researching the Penrith (NSW Australia) Youth Music Program offered at the Joan Sutherland Performing Arts Centre. The Penrith Youth Music Program has been designed to encourage young string players through a program of guided rehearsals and tutorials with mentoring by performers from the Australian Chamber Orchestra. This article focuses on a part of the research that has engaged the young string players in reflection on their own progress. Eight young string players are the focus here, drawn from the whole study that encompasses 27 instrumentalists. In focus groups they were asked at intervals (at the end of each session of three ensemble rehearsals, spaced approximately 6 weeks apart) about their learning and about their practice strategies. This article presents the voices of the eight instrumentalists as they talk about technical issues, ensemble cuing, issues of balance and dynamic control. It also provides data that benefits in performance were achieved without an increase in the reported time given to practice but rather through thoughtful attention by the instrumentalists to their practice and to the proximity of the expert mentors as role models.
Politicisation, engagement, depoliticisation – the neoliberal politics of care
Authors: Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa
Published: May 2018

Many European nations share a political challenge: the ageing population and recessionary economics lead to dwindling resources for welfare services, while scandals and reports of unacceptable deficits in particular in care services for older people arise. In Finland this situation was responded to with a new Care Act for Older People that was passed in 2013. This article tracks the legislative process of the law and demonstrates how this issue of fundamental values and resources was turned into a question of apolitical governance and expert management, resulting in a dubious, status-quo supporting law. It presents a case of how the subsumption of homo politicus in the neoliberal era in practice can happen, and how depoliticisation can function in a context with which neoliberalism is not often associated: namely the care policy of a traditionally social-democratic Nordic welfare state.
Attachment insecurity and dispositional aggression: The mediating role of maladaptive anger regulation
Authors: Brodie Zara P. , Goodall Karen , Darling Stephen , McVittie Chris
Published: May 2018

Attachment insecurity has been associated with dysfunctional strategies for emotion regulation, leading to inflexible or maladaptive responding. Currently, application of the attachment framework to anger is underspecified. This study presents a preliminary investigation of attachment-related differences in the dispositional regulation of anger and aggressive outcomes. Two hundred seventy participants completed measures of adult attachment (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), anger regulation processes (anger suppression, unregulated anger, and anger control), and aggressive outcomes (physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility). While those high in attachment anxiety have been found to under-regulate other negative emotions, our results postulate that these individuals may implement a suppression strategy when faced with the experience of anger. Mediation models indicate that anger suppression is implicated in the relationship between attachment dimensions and hostility but not physical aggression. This supports the notion that suppression may be useful in reducing the external expression of anger but cannot alleviate the associated internal cognitions. These findings suggest that levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance should be considered when identifying techniques to target specific anger regulatory difficulties that contribute to increased aggression. Further, consideration and exploration of the role of security priming is encouraged as a possible mechanism by which to reduce dispositional hostility in those with high levels of attachment insecurity.
Prediction of venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulopathy with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Razek Ahmed AKA , Ashmalla Germeen A
Published: May 2018

Background

Venous malformations may be complicated by localized intravascular coagulopathy which is a serious condition with hematological sequel. Prediction of localized intravascular coagulopathy is mandatory for prompt anticoagulation therapy. Laboratory and routine magnetic resonance imaging can predict localized intravascular coagulopathy in venous malformations; however, the results are variable.

Purpose

To predict venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulopathy with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 55 patients (34 male, 21 female aged 14–64 years: mean 39 years) with venous malformations that underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The apparent diffusion coefficient value of venous malformations was calculated.

Results

The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulopathy (n = 26) (1.28 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s) was significantly different ( P = 0.001) from venous malformations without localized intravascular coagulopathy (n = 29) (1.60 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s). When apparent diffusion coefficient value of 1.454 × 10−3 mm2/s was used as a threshold value for the prediction of venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulopathy, the best result was obtained with an accuracy of 83.6%, sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 82.8%, and area under the curve of 0.895. The apparent diffusion coefficient value of venous malformations was correlated with D-dimer level ( r = −0.59, P = 0.006) and fibrinogen level ( r = 0.73, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The apparent diffusion coefficient value is a non-invasive imaging parameter that can be used to predict venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulopathy.
Suspended Life Pattern: A Qualitative Study on Personal Life Among Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients in Iran
Authors: Ebadi Abbas , Sajadi Seyedeh A. , Moradian Seyed T. , Akbari Roghayeh
Published: May 2018

Purpose

To determine the personal life of family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methodology

In this qualitative study, individual semistructured interviews were carried out with 19 caregivers of hemodialysis patients. All interviews were recorded, typed, and imported into the Open Code Software. The Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis approach was used for the analysis.

Findings

The theme of this study was suspended life pattern that was extracted from two categories of “Imbalance between caregiving and life” and “ambiguity in life status.” The category of “Imbalance between caregiving and life” included some subcategories including compulsive compliance, suspension, and deferral of roles, conflicts between leisure time and caregiving and caregivers' time limits. Moreover, the category “ambiguity in life” was extracted from two subcategories of fear and hope and life satisfaction depending on care recipients' condition.

Conclusion

Caring for hemodialysis patients leads to instability and ambiguity in a caregiver's personal life. Therefore, authorities, policymakers, and health-care providers should pay more attention to support these people.
Relevance of Perpetrator Identity to Reporting Elder Financial and Emotional Mistreatment
Authors: Acierno Ron , Steedley Mara , Hernandez-Tejada Melba A. , Frook Gabrielle , Watkins Jordan , Muzzy Wendy
Published: April 2018

Objective: The National Elder Mistreatment Study (NEMS) found that 5.2% of community older adults experienced financial abuse, and 4.6% experienced emotional mistreatment in the past year. Unfortunately, the majority of abuse was not reported to the authorities. This study investigated reasons for non-reporting. Method: In all, 774 NEMS participants were surveyed 8 years later via telephone to assess past-year financial and emotional mistreatment, perpetrator status, and whether any of these episodes were reported to authorities. Results: In total, 87.5% of financial abuse by family, friends, or acquaintances was not reported versus 33% of that perpetrated by strangers; for emotional mistreatment, 89.9% of that perpetrated by family, friends, and acquaintances was not reported, compared with 83.3% by strangers. Reasons for non-reporting of emotional abuse centered largely around with “not wanting publicity” and “not wanting to get the perpetrator in trouble,” while no consistent reason emerged for failure to report stranger-perpetrated mistreatment.
The state of municipal solid waste management in Israel
Authors: Daskal Shira , Ayalon Ofira , Shechter Mordechai
Published: April 2018

Regulation is a key tool for implementing municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategies and plans. While local authorities in Israel are responsible for the storage, collection, and disposal of MSW, Israel’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MoEP) is responsible for the formulation and implementation of waste management policies and legislation. For the past 12 years, about 80% of the MSW in Israel has been landfilled and recycling rates have not increased, despite regulations. This paper presents the state of MSW management in Israel in light of the MoEP’s strategic goal of landfilling reduction, the regulations and legislation designed and implemented for achieving this goal, and the ensuing results. Among other things, the results indicate the importance of monitoring and assessing policy and regulations to examine whether regulation is in fact effective and whether it keeps track of its own targets and goals or not. It is also concluded that even when there is an extensive regulation that includes a wide range of laws, economic penalties and financial incentives (such as landfill levy and financing of MSW separation at source arrangements), this does not guarantee proper treatment or even an improvement in waste management. The key to success is first and foremost a suitable infrastructure that will enable achievement of the desired results.
Experimental investigation of nitric oxide removal from flue gas using hexamminecobalt(II) solution scrubbing in a pilot-scale facility
Authors: Han Bing , Li Qinghai , Liu Zhen , Tan Zhongchao , Zhang Yanguo
Published: May 2018

An experimental investigation of operational parameters, including liquid/gas ratio (L/G), inlet nitric oxide (NO) concentration, reaction temperature, and pH value of absorbing agent, on NO removal efficiency with hexamminecobalt(II) solution scrubbing was conducted on a pilot-scale facility to search optimal operation conditions. The experimental results show that NO removal efficiency increased with the pH value of hexamminecobalt solution, while the improving rate dropped gradually. When the reaction temperature increased, the NO removal efficiency increased first and then decreased. At the same time, NO removal efficiency increased with the increasing of L/G and hexamminecobalt concentration, while the removal efficiency did not change much at low NO concentration. The pH of 10.4 and L/G of 16 L/m3 were close to the optimal operation conditions, and the scrubbing temperature fell within a reasonable operation temperature. The experimental results can be used as a reference for the design and operation of scaled-up industrial devices.
Simulating the Generative Process of Urban Form: An Application Using OpenSim
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hong
Published: May 2018

This article aims to investigate the generative process of urban development using simulation methods. The open-source platform OpenSim was used to allow participants to build immersive virtual environments representing the ancient town of Hoian, Vietnam. Patterns and urban properties are implemented as rules of generative process in urban design. This research not only corroborates Alexander’s methods but significantly improves his and colleagues’ method in providing a clear approach in generative process in urban design. Through the immersive environment of OpenSim, communities are able to establish effective public participation in planning their neighborhood as well as build and test urban codes.
Newly Proposed Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy Precedes International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Overt-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Predicts High Mortality
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Arakawa Makoto , Di Nisio Marcello , Gando Satoshi , Anan Hideaki , Sato Koichi , Ueki Yutaka , Levy Jerrold H. , Thachil Jecko
Published: May 2018

Background:

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been recognized as an urgent and critical condition in patients with sepsis. Therefore, unfamiliar and time-consuming tests or a complex scoring system are not suitable for diagnosis. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), a newly proposed category delineated by a few global coagulation tests, has been established as an early warning sign for DIC. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of SIC, especially in relation to the score of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) for overt DIC.

Method:

A data set for 332 patients with sepsis who were suspected to have DIC, antithrombin activity <70%, and treated with antithrombin substitution was utilized to examine the relationship between SIC and overt DIC. The performance of SIC calculated at baseline (ie, before treatment) as well as on days 2, 4, or 7 was analyzed in terms of its ability to predict 28-day mortality and overt DIC.

Results:

At baseline, 149 (98.7%) of 151 patients with overt DIC according to the ISTH definition were diagnosed as having SIC. Of the 49, 46 (93.9%) patients who developed overt DIC between days 2 and 4 had received a prior diagnosis of SIC. The sensitivity of baseline SIC for the prediction of death was significantly higher than that of overt DIC (86.8% vs 64.5%, P < .001). The sensitivity of SIC on days 2, 4, and 7 was significantly higher than those of overt DIC (96.1%, 92.3%, and 84.4% vs 67.1%, 57.7%, and 50.0%, P < .001, .001, and .001, respectively), although the specificity of SIC was lower at all time points.
Buckling analysis of orthotropic smart laminated nanoplates based on the nonlocal continuum mechanics using third-order shear and normal deformation theory
Authors: Ghasemi Morteza , Jaamialahmadi Abdolrahman
Published: May 2018

In this article, the nonlocal buckling behavior of biaxially loaded graphene sheet with piezoelectric layers based on an orthotropic intelligent laminated nanoplate model is studied. The nonlocal elasticity theory is used in the buckling analysis to show the size scale effects on the critical buckling loads. The electric potential in piezoelectric layers satisfies Maxwell’s equation for either open- or closed-circuit boundary conditions. Based on the third-order shear and normal deformation theory, the nonlinear equilibrium equations are obtained. In order to obtain the linear nonlocal stability equations, the adjacent equilibrium criterion is used. The linear nonlocal governing stability equations are solved analytically, assuming simply supported boundary condition along all edges. To validate the results, the critical buckling loads are compared with those of molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the effects of different parameters on the critical buckling loads are studied in detail. The results show that by increasing the nonlocal parameter, the critical buckling load decreases. The piezoelectric effect increases the critical buckling load for both open- and closed-circuit boundary conditions. For open-circuit boundary condition, the variation in the critical buckling load is due to the stiffness and piezoelectric effects, but for closed circuit, it is due to the stiffness effect only. Also, the critical buckling load for open circuit is bigger than that of closed one.
The evolution of morphology, crystallization and static and dynamic mechanical properties of long glass-fibre–reinforced polypropylene composites under thermo-oxidative ageing
Authors: Zhang Jing , He Weidi , Wu Yifan , Wang Na , Chen Xiaolang , Guo Jianbing
Published: May 2018

In this work, the static and dynamic mechanical properties, crystallization behaviours, and morphology of long glass-fibre–reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with thermo-oxidative ageing time from 0 day to 50 days at 120°C were investigated and discussed. The static mechanical properties showed a global decrease in tensile, bending and impact strengths with increasing ageing time. From the results obtained by scanning electronic microscopic observations, interface debonding clearly occurred between the glass fibre and PP matrix in the aged samples. The crystallinity ( Xc) of the composites was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry; annealing process played the leading role in the early period of ageing, while as ageing progressed, the degradation of PP matrix dominated the ageing process and Xc decreased. The dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that the storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the composites also decreased with prolonging ageing time. Then, the apparent activation energy ( E) of glass transition was calculated by the Arrhenius equation with different scanning frequencies. A higher value of E was obtained for the samples in the later ageing period, which means a higher energy barrier for glass transition.
Effect of magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) morphology on the crystallization, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene/MOS composites
Authors: Dang Li , Nai Xueying , Liu Xin , Lv Zhihui , Li Wu
Published: May 2018

Polypropylene (PP) composites containing magnesium oxysulfate particle (MOSp), magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw), or magnesium oxysulfate sector (MOSs) were prepared via melt blending method. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that three magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) fillers all dispersed homogeneously in PP matrix and displayed vague and fuzzy interfaces. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) patterns showed that MOSp induced the most amount of β-PP, which was supported by polarized light microscopy (PLM) photographs. Moreover, PLM photographs also showed that the presence of MOSp, MOSw, or MOSw decreased the PP spherulites, especially for MOSp. As such, mechanical tests showed that incorporation of MOSp into PP matrix greatly improved the impact strength and least lowered the nominal strain at break. The yield strength and Young’s modulus of composites were greatly enhanced with MOSw. Two possible reasons for this phenomenon are rigidity of MOSw and microstructure of composites. Rheological properties were measured via small amplitude oscillatory shear. The results showed that PP melts containing MOSw exhibited significant yield stress and “shear-thinning” behaviors, which indicated the formation of MOSw network and the transition from “liquid-like” PP matrix to “solid-like” composites. The rheological results greatly proved the enhancement in tensile properties of MOSw-incorporated composites.
Bathymetric control of Holocene spit migration in a lacustrine environment
Authors: Søe Niels Emil , Kroon Aart , Odgaard Bent Vad , Lykke-Andersen Holger , Kristiansen Søren Munch
Published: May 2018

Wave processes are well known for developing spit systems in large or elongated lakes by inducing longshore sediment transport for spit migration, while bathymetric interaction is less studied. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of wave processes, antecedent topography and lake level changes on the development of Holocene spit systems in the Danish lake Mossø. Wave climate prediction and a digital elevation model were used to provide a conceptual model for the development of the spits system, while optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of spit sand and antecedent topography analyzed via boreholes and seismic survey data were used to evaluate effects on spit migration other than wave setting. We found that spit migration stagnated during the Holocene when reaching areas of deeper waters, but continued following shallowing after deep basin infilling with lacustrine sediments. During periods of bathymetrically induced stagnation of prominent spits, less stable or more slowly migrating spits became prominent in the development of the spit system. No clear effects on spit migration caused by lake level fluctuations could be demonstrated. However, such fluctuations may have been important for the stabilization of spits and subsequent development of a major barrier shoreline.
The character of scientists in the Nobel Prize speeches
Authors: Condit Celeste M.
Published: May 2018

This essay describes the ethos (i.e. the character projected to specific audiences) of the 25 Nobel Lectures in Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine given in 2013–2015 and the 15 Presentation Speeches given at the Nobel Banquets between 2011 and 2015. A thematically focused qualitative analysis grounded in theories of epideictic discourse indicates the Nobel speakers demonstrated a range of strategies for and degrees of success in negotiating the tensions created by the implicit demands of ceremonial speeches, the scientific emphasis on didactic style and research content, and the different potential audiences (scientific experts and interested publics). Relatively few speeches explicitly displayed goodwill toward humanity instead of primarily toward the scientific community. Some speakers emphasized qualities of goodness in line with social values shared by broad audiences, but some reinforced stereotypes of scientists as anti-social. Speakers were variable in their ability to bridge the substantial gaps in resources for shared good sense.