bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Psychological Well-being with Young Somali Refugee and Asylum-seeker Women
Authors: Whittaker Sara , Hardy Gillian , Lewis Kathryn , Buchan Linda
Published: April 2005

The aims of this study were to explore individual and collective understandings of psychological well-being among young Somali (black African Muslim) asylum-seeker or refugee women. Three groups and five individual semi-structured interviews were undertaken and themes were identified using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes included resilience and protection; identity and beliefs; and concealment, distancing and secrets; which reflected acculturation, Islamic and Somali cultures. Spirit possession was explored in relation to culture and religion, mental health, protection and treatment. The women ‘get on’, cope with life, and value support from family, services and religion. However, the pressures to navigate conflicting and changing cultural and religious positions, and to conceal distress, frustrate accessing support. The young Somali refugees’ understandings of mental health and psychological well-being provide an insight for clinicians into the complexities of approaching services for help, and developing shared understandings transculturally. Clinically, the findings raise the paradox of how Somali women value support, yet also value concealment and fear disclosures. The variation and tensions reflected in the data from a small number of women highlight the importance of not stereotyping refugees, but exploring their individual beliefs and providing a range of service options.
Being Heard and Understood in the Context of Seeking Asylum and Refuge: Communicating With the Help of Bilingual Co-workers
Authors: Raval Hitesh
Published: April 2005

This article explores a collaborative approach to working with interpreters and families in the context of child and adolescent mental health service provision. It proposes that the quality and efficacy of the practitioner’s work is enhanced when the contribution made by interpreters and families is maximized. One way of doing this is by working with interpreters as bilingual co-workers. Practitioners hold the primary responsibility for identifying the language needs of families and for facilitating effective communication with them. Service managers have an important role in relation to securing the necessary interpreting resources to support the practitioners’ work. The article suggests that practitioners draw on the full range of competencies that bilingual co-workers possess and the range of roles they are able to undertake. It also suggests that use is made of a broad contextual framework for understanding the psychological needs of young people and their families. Reflective practice ensures that the emotional responses of all the participants involved in the therapeutic encounter are processed and incorporated into the work.
Cognitive Model of the Maintenance and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Applied to Children and Adolescents
Authors: Vickers Bea
Published: April 2005

The diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently been established as a useful construct in children and adolescents, and is also now held to be a helpful framework when describing symptoms in refugees or survivors of war. This article reviews existing models of PTSD and existing evidence for treatment efficacy in both adults and children, and leads on to discuss the application of the Ehlers and Clark (2000) cognitive model to work with children and adolescents. The difference between techniques such as exposure and cognitive restructuring is examined. Two vignettes illustrate the practical details of working with young refugees with PTSD, including both exposure and cognitive restructuring in different phases of therapy, the importance of a collaborative formulation, and the importance of parental support during treatment as well as cultural and language factors specific to refugees.
‘Tits and ass and porn and fighting’
Authors: Attwood Feona
Published: April 2005

This article examines the presentation of male heterosexuality in British soft-core pornographic and men’s lifestyle magazines, looking across these formats at the range of conventions and discourses they share. It maps out the key features of male heterosexuality in these publications, focusing on a sample of British magazines collected in June 2003 across both soft core and lifestyle formats, and on the new men’s weeklies, Nuts and Zoo Weekly, launched in January 2004. The depiction of the male body and its relation to sexual pleasure and the presentation and investigation of heterosexual activity are set in the broader historical context of men’s print media and the current socio-cultural context of sex and gender representation.
‘What have you ever done on the telly?’
Authors: Brabazon Tara
Published: April 2005

Cultural studies theorists have neglected two topics: the changes to the workplace and innovations in comedy. This article reconnects cultural studies with both work and comedy through attention to one of the finest British satires ever made: The Office. I track this programme by situating it in the three intertwined ‘crises’ of our era: in television, work and masculinity.
Max Weber as Social Theorist
Authors: Gane Nicholas
Published: April 2005

While Max Weber is commonly treated as a social theorist or a theorist of social stratification, relatively little attention has been paid to the theory of the social that is developed in his work. In view of this, this article turns to Weber’s most explicit theorization of the social: the section of Economy and Society entitled ‘Class, Status, Party’. In this work, Weber treats class as a non-social form, in contrast to status groups and parties, which are seen to emerge through communal or associative modes of socialization. Given this, it is argued that it is a mistake to reduce ‘Class, Status, Party’ to an argument about social stratification. Rather, this work is a general theorization of the social in relation to the spheres of economics and politics. Read in this way, Weber’s work is presented as a possible resource for rejuvenating social theory that goes beyond study of class or ‘societal’ structures, and which privileges analysis of social relationships (including those that go beyond nation-state boundaries) in the competition for social and political power.
Differential selection and mutation between dsDNA and ssDNA phages shape the evolution of their genomic AT percentage
Authors: Xia Xuhua , Yuen Kwok Yung
Published: April 2005

Background

Bacterial genomes differ dramatically in AT%. We have developed a model to show that the genomic AT% in rapidly replicating bacterial species can be used as an index of the availability of nucleotides A and T for DNA replication in cellular medium. This index is then used to (1) study the evolution and adaptation of the bacteriophage genomic AT% in response to the differential nucleotide availability of the host and (2) test the prediction that double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) phage should exhibit better adaptation than single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phage because the rate of spontaneous deamination, which leads to C→T or C→U mutations depending on whether C is methylated or not, is about 100-fold greater in ssDNA than in dsDNA.

Results

We retrieved 79 dsDNA phage and 27 ssDNA phage genomes together with their host genomic sequences. The dsDNA phages have their genomic AT% better adapted to the host genomic AT% than ssDNA phage. The poorer adaptation of the ssDNA phage can be partially accounted for by the C→T(U) mutations mediated by the spontaneous deamination. For ssDNA phage, the genomic A% is more strongly correlated with their host genomic AT% than the genomic T%.

Conclusion

A significant fraction of variation in the genomic AT% in the dsDNA phage, and that in the genomic A% and T% of the ssDNA phage, can be explained by the difference in selection and mutation between them.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to facilitate the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines in Latin American maternity hospitals: the Guidelines Trial: Study protocol [ISRCTN82417627]
Authors: Althabe Fernando , Buekens Pierre , Bergel Eduardo , Belizán José M , Kropp Nora , Wright Linda , Goco Norman , Moss Nancy ,   for the Guidelines Trial Group
Published: April 2005

Background

A significant proportion of the health care administered to women in Latin American maternity hospitals during labor and delivery has been demonstrated to be ineffective or harmful, whereas effective interventions remain underutilized. The routine use of episiotomies and the failure to use active management of the third stage of labor are good examples.

Methods/Design

The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted behavioral intervention on the use of two evidence-based birth practices, the selective use of episiotomies and active management of the third stage of labor (injection of 10 International Units of oxytocin). The intervention is based on behavioral and organizational change theories and was based on formative research. Twenty-four hospitals in three urban districts of Argentina and Uruguay will be randomized. Opinion leaders in the 12 intervention hospitals will be identified and trained to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines. They will then disseminate the guidelines using a multifaceted approach including academic detailing, reminders, and feedback on utilization rates. The 12 hospitals in the control group will continue with their standard in-service training activities. The main outcomes to be assessed are the rates of episiotomy and oxytocin use during the third stage of labor. Secondary outcomes will be perineal sutures, postpartum hemorrhages, and birth attendants' opinions.
Host-derived pathogenicity islands in poxviruses
Authors: Da Silva Melissa , Upton Chris
Published: April 2005

Background

Poxviruses are important both as pathogens and as vaccine vectors. Poxvirus genomes (150–350 kb) consist of a single linear dsDNA molecule; the two polynucleotide strands are joined by short hairpin loops. The genomes encode highly conserved proteins required for DNA replication and mRNA transcription as well as a variable set of virulence factors; transcription takes place within the cytoplasm of the host cell. We are interested in evolution of poxvirus genomes and especially how these viruses acquire host-derived genes that are believed to function as virulence factors.

Results

Using a variety of bioinformatics tools, we have identified regions in poxvirus genomes that have unusual nucleotide composition (higher or lower than average A+T content) compared to the genome as a whole; such regions may be several kilobases in length and contain a number of genes. Regions with unusual nucleotide composition may represent genes that have been recently acquired from the host genome. The study of these genomic regions with unusual nucleotide content will help elucidate evolutionary processes in poxviruses.

Conclusion

We have found that dotplots of complete poxvirus genomes can be used to locate regions on the genome that differ significantly in A+T content to the genome as a whole. The genes in these regions may have been acquired relatively recently from the host genome or from another AT-rich poxvirus.
Human Angular Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex Axis Disconjugacy: Relationship to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Globe Translation
Authors: DEMER JOSEPH L. , CRANE BENJAMIN T. , TIAN JUN‐RU
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates that the lateral rectus pulley shifts 0.5 mm inferiorly relative to the medial rectus in 20° upgaze, but 0.5 mm superiorly in 20° downgaze, whereas the globe translates 0.7 mm nasally in adduction and 0.2 mm nasally in abduction. If pulleys influence ocular kinematics, these effects would predict disconjugate alterations of the yaw vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) rotational axes. Binocular eye and head movements were recorded using three‐dimensional search coils in 8 humans (age 24 ± 2 years, mean ± SE) undergoing directionally randomized, transient, whole‐body yaw (2800°/s2 peak) in darkness while fixating straight ahead, as well as ± 18° vertically. Eye and head rotational velocity axes were expressed as quaternions in Listing coordinates. In the initial 70 ms, the ocular axis varied with vertical gaze by one‐quarter the angle of target elevation, but this effect summed significantly with a disconjugate effect of horizontal duction. In central gaze, the mean adducting eye (AD) rotational axis tilted 3.4 ± 0.8° forward relative to the head axis, while that of the abducting eye (AB) tilted 0.6 ± 0.8° backward. In downgaze, the AD rotational axis tilted 8.6 ± 1.0° forward, and AB 5.7 ± 1.2° forward. In upgaze, the AD rotational axis tilted backward by 0.1 ± 0.7°, and AB backward 3.4 ± 0.9°. We suggest that nasal globe translation relative to the fixed trochlea produces binocular extorsion accounting for yaw VOR axis disconjugacy, and thus a horizontal duction dependence in VOR rotational axis summating with classic dependence of VOR axis on vertical gaze. Confirmation of predicted duction‐dependent VOR disconjugacy supports the idea that rectus pulleys influence kinematics for all eye movements.
Cognitive Processes in Saccade Generation
Authors: KENNARD C , MANNAN S K , NACHEV P , PARTON A , MORT D J , REES G , HODGSON T L , HUSAIN M
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The analysis of saccades offers an opportunity to study a number of different cognitive processes, such as visuospatial attention, working memory, and volitional conflict. A study of saccades in patients with visuospatial hemineglect, who performed a visual search task, showed repeated fixations on targets previously discovered, yet they often failed to retain the information that a particular target had previously been discovered. High‐resolution structural brain scanning showed that this abnormality was due either to a lesion in the right intraparietal sulcus or the right inferior frontal lobe. Detailed analysis of the scanpaths suggested that the former location was associated with an accumulating impairment in remapping target locations across saccades or impaired memory of previously inspected target locations, whereas the latter location was more consistent with a failure to inhibit responses to rightward locations. When combined with a spatial bias to the right, such deficits might explain why many neglect patients often reexamine rightward targets, at the expense of items to their left. The functions of the supplementary eye field (SEF), in the medial frontal lobe, in relation to saccade generation are controversial. A series of studies in a patient with a focal lesion of the right SEF has indicated an important role for the SEF in the rapid self‐control of saccadic eye movements and in set‐switching (i.e., implementing control in situations of response conflict when ongoing saccadic plans have to be changed rapidly), rather than monitoring errors. In a recent fMRI study of normal subjects, it was shown that the SEF is involved in implementing the resolution of any volitional conflict, whereas other presupplementary motor areas are involved in the generation of volitional plans and processing volitional conflict.
Role of the Posterior Parietal Cortex in the Initiation of Saccades and Vergence: Right/Left Functional Asymmetry
Authors: KAPOULA ZOÏ , YANG QING , COUBARD OLIVIER , DAUNYS GINTAUTAS , ORSSAUD CHRISTOPHE
Published: April 2005

Abstract: This study explored in humans the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in saccades, vergence, and combined saccade‐vergence movements by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS was applied to the right PPC at 80 ms, 90 ms, or 100 ms after target onset in experiment 1, and to the left PPC in experiment 2. Control experiments were also run in which TMS was applied over the primary motor cortex at 90 ms after target onset. Relative to no‐TMS trials, TMS over the right PPC prolonged significantly the latency of almost all eye movements (saccades in either direction, convergence, divergence, and components of combined eye movements). Such latency increase was significant mostly when TMS was delivered 90 ms after target onset. In contrast, TMS of the left PPC increased the latency only for saccades to right, convergence, and convergence combined with rightward saccades; latency increase occurred for all time windows of TMS deliver (80, 90, or 100 ms after target onset). TMS over the vertex had no effect on the latency for any type of eye movement. TMS of either the left or the right PPC or of the motor cortex did not alter the accuracy of any type of eye movement. Thus, the effects of TMS on latency are time‐, area‐, and eye‐movement‐specific. We suggest that the right PPC is involved primarily in the processing of fixation disengagement, whereas the left PPC participates in the initiation of eye movements via different spatial selective mechanisms that concern exclusively targets to the right and/or to near.
Expectation of Sensory Stimulation Modulates Brain Activation during Visual Motion Stimulation
Authors: BRANDT THOMAS , DEUTSCHLÄNDER ANGELA , GLASAUER STEFAN , NOLTE ANNINA , BRÜCKMANN HARTMUT , DIETERICH MARIANNE , STEPHAN THOMAS
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The differential effects of visual hemifield motion stimulation during fixation of a stationary target were compared under two conditions: fixation straight ahead without any further instructions and fixation straight ahead with attention shifted to the “dark hemifield.” Data from nine right‐handed volunteers revealed that striate and extrastriate right hemispheric visual areas exhibited larger activations during left hemifield motion stimulation when attention was shifted to the right dark hemifield. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates (26, −98, −4) of the additional clusters activated in the latter condition corresponded best to the kinetic occipital region, which is known to process both shape and motion information, and to parts of area V3 posterior to V3A, which has been shown repeatedly to mediate motion perception. A simple computational model of transhemispheric visuovisual interaction is proposed. The basic mechanism of this model is a central predictor formed by a feedback loop that detects a mismatch between input to the two hemispheres. Predicted stimulation is then compared with the actual input. If the sensed motion of a visual hemifield is larger than the predicted net motion in the model, activation of the respective neural population is increased; conversely, a smaller actual motion causes less activation.
Medial Vestibular Nucleus Lesions in Wallenberg's Syndrome Cause Decreased Activity of the Contralateral Vestibular Cortex
Authors: DIETERICH MARIANNE , BENSE SANDRA , STEPHAN THOMAS , BRANDT THOMAS , SCHWAIGER MARKUS , BARTENSTEIN PETER
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Three patients with the clinical diagnosis of Wallenberg's syndrome caused by acute unilateral ischemic infarctions, which included the vestibular nucleus in the medullary brain stem and afferent vestibular pathways, were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) during caloric vestibular stimulation. They all had typical signs of vestibular dysfunction such as transient rotatory vertigo with vomiting at the onset, ipsiversive body and ocular lateropulsion, and a complete ocular tilt reaction with tilts of the subjective visual vertical. Compared with healthy volunteers, who show activation in a network of temporoparietal vestibular areas within both hemispheres, especially in the posterior insula and retroinsular region that contains the human homologue of the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) in monkeys, the activation pattern of the patients with Wallenberg's syndrome was typically changed. During caloric irrigation of the ear ipsilateral to the side of the lesion, they showed no or significantly reduced activation in the contralateral hemisphere, whereas the activation pattern in the ipsilateral hemisphere appeared “normal.” These results are compatible with bilateral ascending vestibular pathways from the vestibular nuclei to the vestibular cortex. The novel finding in all three patients was that the activation patterns were compatible with the assumption that only the crossing fibers from the medial vestibular subnucleus to the contralateral medial longitudinal fascicle were affected, but the ipsilateral vestibular thalamocortical projections via the superior vestibular subnucleus were spared. Thus, the activation pattern in the PET study may reflect the vestibular tonic imbalance within the vestibular nuclei circuitry at the cortical level.
Recovery of Peripheral Versus Central Nerves Identified by Saccadic Velocity After Abducens Neuropathy
Authors: SHARPE JAMES A. , MCREELIS KYLEN , WONG AGNES M.F.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The abducens is the motor nerve with the most substantial course, both within and outside the brain and it innervates only one muscle. Sixth nerve palsy affords an opportunity to compare recovery after central versus peripheral nerve damage by assessing the dynamics of abduction. Horizontal saccade peak velocities and durations in 14 patients with unilateral peripheral sixth nerve palsies (5 acute, 9 chronic) are compared with those in 5 patients with central sixth nerve palsies (2 acute, 3 chronic) and with those in 10 normal subjects. Acutely, abducting saccades in the paretic eye were slow in both central and peripheral palsies, as anticipated from weakness of the lateral rectus muscle. In chronic central palsies, abducting saccadic velocities remained reduced, but in chronic peripheral palsies, they increased to normal within the limited range of excursion. The chronically damaged peripheral nerve behaves like a high‐pass filter in transmitting phasic velocity commands, whereas tonic position commands remain defective, accounting for limited abduction but normal velocities within the range of duction. In chronic central (fascicular) palsies, saccade velocities remain reduced. Impaired conduction from damage to central myelin or axons is more persistent in central palsies, consistent with limited regeneration within the brain. Recording of saccade velocities may aid the distinction of fascicular from peripheral palsies. Saccade speed is repaired in peripheral palsies, probably by remyelination, and perhaps also by central monocular adaptation of innervation selectively to the paretic eye in order to drive both eyes rapidly and simultaneously to a target in the paretic field of motion.
Dependence of the Torsional Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex on the Direction of Gravity
Authors: BARTL KLAUS , SCHNEIDER ERICH , GLASAUER STEFAN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The torsional vestibulo‐ocular reflex (tVOR), which is mainly driven by input from the semicircular canals, has been shown to be augmented by otolith input: its gain is increased in the upright as compared to the supine head orientation. We tested whether otolith input in right/left ear down and upside‐down orientation also contributes to the tVOR. In contrast to current models of canal‐otolith interaction, which predict equal responses in upright and upside‐down orientations, we found that the tVOR in the upside‐down position is significantly decreased, possibly due to an additive interaction of canal and otolith signals.
Effects of Retinal Image Slip on Modulation of Visual Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex During Near Viewing
Authors: HAN YANNING H. , KUMAR ARUN N. , SOMERS JEFFREY T. , RESCHKE MILLARD F. , LEIGH R.JOHN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: During viewing of a near target, the gain of the visually modulated vestibul‐ocular reflex (vVOR) exceeds 1.0. We investigated whether retinal image slip contributes to this gain increase by measuring responses during strobe illumination. Subjects showed greater gain values during normal versus strobe illumination of the near target, even during rotation at frequencies above 1.0 Hz, indicating that retinal image velocity information is used to optimize vVOR.
Automatic Detection of Camera Translation in Eye Video Recordings using Multiple Methods
Authors: KARMALI FAISAL , SHELHAMER MARK
Published: April 2005

Abstract: A concern with video eye movement tracking is that movement of the camera headset relative to the head creates an artifact of eye movement in pupil‐detection software. We describe the development of, and compare the results of, three automatic image processing algorithms to measure camera movement. The best of the algorithms has an average accuracy of 1.3 pixels, equivalent to 0.49 deg with our eye tracking system.
Fixation Stability in Normal Children
Authors: YGGE J.N , ARING EVA , HAN YING , BOLZANI ROBERTO , HELLSTRÖM ANN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Fixation stability was found to increase with increasing age (4‐15 years) in normal children, but there was no directional preponderance in fixation location.
Interaction between Cortical Control of Vestibular Function and Spatial Representation in Man
Authors: VENTRE‐DOMINEY J. , NIGHOGHOSSIAN N , DENISE P
Published: April 2005

Abstract: An asymmetry of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex is observed after unilateral posterior cortical lesions in human. The co‐occurrence of vestibular deficits and visuo‐spatial disorders suggests a functional link between the representation and update of space and the integration of vestibular information in the occipito‐parieto‐temporal cortex of the right hemisphere.
Smooth Pursuit in Patients with Downbeat Nystagmus
Authors: GLASAUER STEFAN , HOSHI MUNA , BÜTTNER ULRICH
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Smooth pursuit and gaze holding in light and darkness was investigated in 19 patients with downbeat nystagmus (DBN) and 17 control subjects. Vertical downward smooth pursuit was selectively impaired in patients, and gaze holding with a visible target was only slightly better than in darkness. The selective impairment of downward pursuit and the poor visual suppression of ocular drift in DBN support the involvement of the floccular lobe, which participates in gaze holding and contains gaze‐velocity Purkinje cells with a downward on‐direction for smooth pursuit.
Cerebellar Influence in Oculomotor Phase‐Transition Behavior
Authors: JOINER WILSAAN M. , SHELHAMER MARK , YING SARAH H.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The cerebellum plays an important role in predicting and producing regularly timed motor responses. In the present report, we examined the performance of SCA6 cerebellar patients and normal controls in a simple saccade tracking task. Our results imply that the cerebellum plays a role in maintaining predictive motor behavior once it has been established.
Effect of Blinks on Saccades before Smooth‐Pursuit Eye‐Movement Initiation
Authors: RAMBOLD HOLGER , EL BAZ IEMAN , HELMCHEN CHRISTOPH
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The effect of blinks on the saccade frequency before the onset of step ramp smooth pursuit was assessed in healthy controls. Blinks elicited before smooth pursuit onset suppressed saccades in contrast to a control and a gap paradigm. The source of blink associated suppression of saccades remains unclear but is probably not caused by visual signals or the omnipause neurons.
Aktionsprimitive: Ein universelles Roboter-Programmierparadigma (Manipulation Primitives: An Universal Robot Programming Paradigma)
Authors: Finkemeyer Bernd , Kröger Torsten , Wahl Friedrich M.
Published: April 2005

Heutige Robotersysteme können auf unvorhergesehene Ereignisse kaum reagieren. Ungenauigkeiten und kleinste Änderungen der Aufgabenstellung verursachen häufig Störungen und damit erheblichen Modifikationsaufwand. Diese Unflexibilität kann durch geeignete Sensorik gemindert werden. Deren Integration erweist sich allerdings häufig als sehr schwierig und führt oft zu unflexiblen Speziallösungen. Als Abhilfe wird in diesem Artikel das Programmierparadigma mit Aktionsprimitiven vorgestellt. Es erlaubt die Definition von sensorgeführten und sensorüberwachten Roboterbewegungen auf Programmierebene. Die dazu benötigten Steuer- und Regelungsfunktionalitäten werden automatisch in die Robotersteuerung eingebunden. Die zugehörige Steuerungs- und Softwarearchitektur wird ebenfalls erläutert. Die Anwendung des Programmierkonzepts wird anhand von Beispielen gezeigt.
Funkgestützte Kommunikation in der Automatisierungstechnik (Radio Based Communication in Automation Systems)
Authors: Rauchhaupt Lutz
Published: April 2005

Der Einsatz der Funkübertragung als Bestandteil industrieller Kommunikationssysteme gehört zu den aktuellen Schwerpunkten der Automatisierungstechnik, die kontrovers diskutiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz soll zu einer sachlichen Bewertung des Themenbereiches beitragen. Es werden die Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die die Funkkommunikation heute bereits bietet sowie die Ursachen für noch bestehende Grenzen.
Ein robustes Datenmonitoring-Verfahren für Sensornetzwerke (A Robust Data Monitoring Method for Sensor Networks)
Authors: Turau Volker , Weyer Christoph , Witt Matthias
Published: April 2005

Es wird ein neues Datenmonitoring-Verfahren für drahtlose Sensornetzwerke vorgestellt. Das Verfahren kombiniert geografische Hashtabellen mit Aggregation innerhalb des Netzwerks. Anfragen werden in Gebieten abgearbeitet, deren Sensorknoten ihre Werte in Knoten nahe einer festgelegten Lokation innerhalb des Gebietes sammeln, wo sie leicht von außen abgefragt werden können. Das Verfahren ist robust gegenüber Knotenausfällen und -bewegungen und erzeugt sehr geringen Netzwerkverkehr. Dies wird durch verschiedene Simulationen bestätigt.
Multisensordatenfusion als Kernfunktion in Überwachungssystemen (Multiple Sensor Data Fusion as a Key Function in Surveillance Systems)
Authors: Koch Wolfgang
Published: April 2005

Ausgereifte Überwachungssensorik für dynamische Szenarien mit einer Vielzahl verschiedenartiger, separat oder kollektiv agierender Objekte ist bereits jetzt oder in absehbarer Zeit verfügbar. Die erzielbare Überwachungsleistung ist jedoch nicht allein durch die Leistungsfähigkeit der Einzelsensoren und der zugehörigen Auswertealgorithmik bestimmt. Die technologische Entwicklung wird vielmehr vorangetrieben durch die Vernetzung einer Vielzahl homogener oder heterogener Sensoren zu umfassenden Verbundsystemen. Dadurch kann eine Fülle einander ergänzender Aspekte eines Gesamtgeschehens erfasst werden, die nach intelligenter, sensorübergreifender Datenfusion die Ermittlung eines Lagebildes ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die generelle Aufgabenstellung der Multisensorfusion. Spezielle Lösungsansätze für Multisensortracking, Sensormanagement und Nutzung attributiver Sensorinformation werden anhand ausgewählter Beispiele erörtert.
Silent Idylls, Double Lives: Sex and the City in Salvador Novo's La estatua de sal
Authors: Gollnick Brian
Published: April 2005

Salvador Novo's autobiography, La estatua de sal, documents the author's life in the 1920s and details with surprising openness his experiences in the homosexual subculture of Mexico City. This article analyzes how La estatua de sal also suggests that urban life contributed to Novo's process of identity formation in complex ways that draw together his sexual awakening with other aspects of modern culture.

La autobiografía de Salvador Novo, La estatua de sal, documenta la vida del autor durante los años veinte y detalla con sorprendente franqueza sus experiencias en la subcultura homosexual de la Ciudad de México. Este artículo analiza cómo La estatua de sal también sugiere que la vida urbana contribuyó al proceso identitario de Novo de una manera compleja en que su abertura sexual se articula con otros aspectos de la modernidad cultural.
What Is a Co-Author?
Authors: KNAPP JEFFREY
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT In this essay, Jeffrey Knapp questions the recent critical orthodoxy that treats authorship as a menacing latecomer to the popular and collaborative Elizabethan stage. Demonstrating that a literary paradigm of single authorship dominated Elizabethan thinking about playwriting, Knapp presents Hamlet as Shakespeare's attempt to develop a more theatrically inflected model of authorship through the dramatization of his own hybrid professional identity as an actor and a playwright.
Job Strain and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Treated Hypertensive Japanese Workers: Hypertension Follow‐Up Group Study
Authors: Uchiyama Shuji , Kurasawa Takashi , Sekizawa Toshihiro , Nakatsuka Hiroshi
Published: April 2005

Job Strain and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Treated Hypertensive Japanese Workers: Hypertension Follow‐Up Group Study: Shuji Uchiyama, et al. Hoshizaki Clinic—In Japan, Karoshi, which means ‘death from overwork’, has become a focus of social concern. However, no previous study has examined long working hours and job strain simultaneously in relation to incidence of cardiovascular events (CVE) in Japanese workers. We prospectively evaluated the relation between job strain or long working hours and risk of CVE in treated hypertensives during the years 1994–2000. In this study, we followed a sample of 1,615 participants (908 men and 707 women) aged 40–65 yr who were working more than 5 working hours per day. Participants completed questions about work‐related conditions and lifestyle variables at baseline, and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, stroke or cancer. Job strain (the combination of job demands and job control) was assessed using a simple questionnaire developed with reference to Karasek's model. The main outcome measure was incidence of CVE. During the mean follow‐up period of 5.6 yr, we documented 38 cases of initial CVE. Analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazard model. We found a significant association between incidence of CVE and job strain categories, but not long working hours. Multivariate relative risks for CVE in active jobs and high strain jobs overall were 2.89 (95% CI: 1.33–6.28) and 2.45 (95% CI: 0.87–6.93); for men 2.94 (95% CI: 1.29–6.73) and 1.86 (95% CI: 0.51–6.75), and for women 3.97 (95% CI: 0.34–46.88) and 9.05 (95% CI: 1.17–69.86), respectively. In conclusion, active jobs and high strain jobs were associated with increased risk of CVE for treated hypertensive workers.
The Check Bus Project and its Effectiveness on Health Promotion at Work
Authors: Schilling Julian , Faisst Karin , Lee Chung‐Yol , Candinas Brigitte , Gutzwiller Felix
Published: April 2005

The Check Bus Project and its Effectiveness on Health Promotion at Work: Julian Schilling, et al. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland— Employees of two large companies in Switzerland took part in a nationwide health information and promotion campaign at work, which included various physical examinations. A total of 5,849 consecutive participants were sent a questionnaire to determine whether changes had been made in their lifestyles and if they had benefited from participation; 2,361 (40.4%) responded. The campaign was rated highly at 8.3 on a scale from 1 to 10. Respondents reported benefiting most from the personal examination results, in particular the measurement of bone density, examination of the carotid arteries and discussions with the staff. Of the respondents, 921 stated they changed their lifestyle in the area of physical activity (64.4%) and nutrition (63.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the variables predictive of responding were age, hierarchy, diet and smoking. Health promotion at work and the choice of offered examinations may influence the effects of health care promotion at the workplace and the readiness of participants to improve their attitudes to health. Health promotion at work is highly regarded by employees who pay more attention to diet, smoke less and in particular those over 50 yr of age. High‐tech equipment in a mobile unit may attract employers and employees may profit most from the individual examination results; 39% of the respondents stated they changed their lifestyle as a consequence of the Check Bus campaign.
Karojisatsu in Japan: Characteristics of 22 Cases of Work‐Related Suicide
Authors: Amagasa Takashi , Nakayama Takeo , Takahashi Yoshitomo
Published: April 2005

Karojisatsu in Japan: Characteristics of 22 Cases of Work‐Related Suicide: Takashi Amagasa, et al. Mental Clinic Misato—With the rapidly increasing number of work‐related suicides in Japan (Karojisatsu, in Japanese), both applications for worker's compensation insurance and civil suits are proliferating. The phenomenon of work‐related suicide is examined along with the process and related factors. With informed consent from bereaved families, two certified psychiatrists independently reviewed and summarized 22 insurance and legal reports filed by psychiatrists on employee suicides that were related to heavy workloads. A clinical epidemiologist participated in discussions with psychiatrists to reach a consensus concerning the cause of the suicides. Only one case involved a female. Seventeen had experienced personnel changes, such as a promotion or transfer. Low social support was recognized in 18, high psychological demand in 18, low decision latitude in 17, and long working hours in 19 cases (more than 11 hours per day for 3 months or more, and without a day off in 9). The subjects had depressive episodes by the ICD‐10 criteria and showed suicidal signs. Ten of them saw a general practitioner because of unspecified somatic complaints, but no effective measures were taken. None of them had a history of psychiatric consultation or had received mental health education dealing with job stress management. Although causality cannot be made from this case series report, we hypothesize that long working hours, heavy workloads, and low social support may cause depression, which can lead to suicide. Appropriate countermeasures are urgently needed and the present findings suggest some of them are possible.
Mechanistic Studies on the Tyrosinase‐Catalyzed Formation of the Anachelin Chromophore
Authors: Gademann Karl
Published: April 2005

The complex secondary metabolite anachelin, isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica, is believed to act as siderophore, facilitating iron uptake. Its structure is characterized by a fascinating blend of polyketide, peptide, and alkaloid fragments. In particular, the tetrahydroquinolinium‐derived chromophore is unique among natural products, and its biosynthesis is unknown. We propose a hypothesis for the biogenesis of the anachelin chromophore starting from a C‐terminally bound L‐Tyr residue. It is proposed that this amino acid is reductively aminated, methylated, and hydroxylated. Oxidation of this catechol diamine substrate by a tyrosinase would lead to an o‐quinone, which would react by intramolecular aza‐annulation and tautomerization to give the anachelin chromophore. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, a model substrate related to the proposed biogenetic precursor was prepared. It was shown that the enzyme tyrosinase is able to transform this substrate into an anachelin chromophore derivative, which corroborates the biogenetic hypothesis. In order to gain further insight into the mechanism of this transformation, we performed spectrophotometric reaction monitoring, allowing the formation of the expected product to be observed. In addition, a rise in absorption at around 250 nm might be due to the presence of a spiro five‐membered ring intermediate resulting from an alternative 1,4‐addition to the o‐quinone. Lastly, we were able to show that the action of tyrosinase on this substrate follows Michaelis–Menten kinetics (kcat=123 s−1 and Km=8.66 mM). Interestingly, the catalytic efficiency is decreased only by a factor of 30 relative to the natural substrate L‐DOPA.
Atomistic Study of Doped BaCeO3: Dopant Site‐Selectivity and Cation Nonstoichiometry.
Authors: Wu J. , Davies R. A. , Islam M. S. , Haile S. M.
Published: April 2005

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Crystal Growth, Structural Characterization, and Linear Thermal Evolution of KGd(PO3)4.
Authors: Parreu I. , Sole R. , Gavalda Jna. , Massons J. , Diaz F. , Aguilo M.
Published: April 2005

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Electrical and Photoconductive Properties of GaS0.75Se0.25 Mixed Crystals.
Authors: Karabulut O. , Parlak M. , Yilmaz K. , Gasanly N. M.
Published: April 2005

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Magnetic Properties of SmRhIn.
Authors: Lukachuk Mar'yana , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2005

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Uranyl Complexation in Fluorinated Acids (HF, HBF4, HPF6, HTf2N): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Gaillard Clotilde , El Azzi Antoine , Billard Isabelle , Bolvin Helene , Hennig Christoph
Published: April 2005

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Coprecipitation of Nickel—Copper—Aluminum Takovite as Catalyst Precursors for Simultaneous Production of Carbon Nanofibers and Hydrogen.
Authors: Naghash A. R. , Xu Z. , Etsell T. H.
Published: April 2005

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K5(UO2)2[Si4O12(OH)]: A Uranyl Silicate Containing Chains of Four Silicate Tetrahedra Linked by SiO×××HOSi Hydrogen Bonds.
Authors: Chen Chih‐Shan , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: April 2005

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Structure, Electrochemistry, and Magnetism of the Iron(III)‐Substituted Keggin Dimer, [Fe6(OH)3(A‐α‐GeW9O34 (OH)3)2]11‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Kortz Ulrich , Nellutla Saritha , Stowe Ashley C. , van Tol Johan , Dalal Naresh S. , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis
Published: April 2005

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Bi7‐δNi2Br5 (δ ≈ 1/9) — A Quasi One‐Dimensional Metal with Modulated Crystal Structure.
Authors: Wahl Bernhard U. , Doert Thomas , Soehnel Tilo , Ruck Michael
Published: April 2005

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Control of the Enantioselectivity by Keto Bile Acid Derivatives in the Epoxidation of Alkenes with Oxone.
Authors: Bortolini Olga , Fantin Giancarlo , Fogagnolo Marco , Mari Lara
Published: April 2005

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Ruthenium‐ and Enzyme‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of 1,4‐Diols: Synthesis of γ‐Hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Martin‐Matute Belen , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: April 2005

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Syntheses, Structures and Bioactivities of Fluorine‐Containing Phenylimino‐thia(oxa)zolidine Derivatives as Agricultural Bioregulators.
Authors: Qian Xuhong , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhibin , Li Zhong , Song Gonghua
Published: April 2005

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4‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolinyl‐ and Benzimidazolyl‐acetonitriles in Anellation Reactions of a Haloquinoline Ring.
Authors: Khilya O. V. , Volovnenko T. A. , Turov A. V. , Volovenko Yu. M.
Published: April 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes Through Novel [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements in α‐Allenic Methanesulfonates: Application to the Preparation of Fused Tricyclic Systems by Tandem Rearrangement/Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Redondo Maria C.
Published: April 2005

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Mild and Highly Efficient Preparation of Symmetrical Disulfides and Diselenides Using Bipyridinum Hydrobromide Perbromide as a New Oxidative Reagent.
Authors: Joshaghani M. , Khosropour A. R. , Jafary H. , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork I.
Published: April 2005

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Alternative Protocol for Oxidation in Water: An Effective Epoxidation System Promoted by the Combination of Oxone® and an Amphiphilic Ketone.
Authors: Masuyama Araki , Yamaguchi Takashi , Abe Manabu , Nojima Masatomo
Published: April 2005

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Reactions of Amidines with 5‐Methylene‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Bogolyubov A. A. , Chernysheva N. B. , Nesterov V. V. , Antipin M. Yu. , Semenov V. V.
Published: April 2005

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Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 54. ZrCl4 as an Efficient Catalyst for Selective Tosylation of Alcohols with p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Vtukuri Saidi
Published: April 2005

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An Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Oh Kyungsoo , Parsons Philip J. , Cheshire Dave
Published: April 2005

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The Role of Organic Fluorine in Directing Alkylation Reactions via Lithium Chelation.
Authors: Tenza Kenny , Northen Julian S. , O'Hagan David , Slawin Alexandra M. Z.
Published: April 2005

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Development of a New α‐Aminonitrile Synthesis.
Authors: Chu Guo‐Hua , Gu Minghua , Gerard Baudouin , Dolle Roland E.
Published: April 2005

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Quick Execution of [2 + 2] Type Photochemical Cycloaddition Reaction by Continuous Flow System Using a Glass‐Made Microreactor.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Hino Yoshiko , Kamata Naoya , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: April 2005

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Reaction of Anthra[1,2‐c]isoxazol‐6,11‐dione with Arylamines and Phenylhydrazine.
Authors: Mitrokhin R. V. , Gornostaev L. M.
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis of New 3,3‐Dimethoxyazetidine‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Mangelinckx Sven , Boeykens Marc , Vliegen Maarten , Van der Eycken Johan , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: April 2005

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Cyclization of Functionalized Ketene‐N,S‐acetals to Substituted Pyrroles: Applications in the Synthesis of Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids.
Authors: Mathew Paulson , Asokan C. V.
Published: April 2005

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A Facile Synthesis of Asymmetrical 2,3‐Dicyano‐Substituted Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Tie , Wang Chunlan , Cong Zhiqi , Yin Bingzhu , Imafuku Kimiaki
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis and Antiviral Activity Against Coxsackie Virus B3 of Some Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Cheng Jun , Xie Jiangtao , Luo Xianjin
Published: April 2005

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New Method of 4,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazolo‐3‐thiones Synthesis.
Authors: Milczarska Barbara , Foks Henryk
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis of Novel Heteroarotinoids with Receptor Activation Capabilities and TGase Activity. Single Crystal Analysis of (E)‐4‐[(2,3‐Dihydro‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐2H‐1‐benzo [b]thiopyran‐6‐yl)‐1‐propenyl]‐2‐methylbenzoic Acid.
Authors: Subramanian Shankar , Smith Chad M. , Tabatabai Ali , Bryan Clinton D. , Buettner Brian , Hale Steve , Wakefield Cynthia A. , Benbrook Doris M. , Berlin K. Darrell
Published: April 2005

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Useful Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Tri‐ and 2,3,5,6‐Tetrasubstituted Pyridine Derivatives from Aspartic Acid.
Authors: Yonezawa Yasuchika , Konn Akihito , Shin Chung‐gi
Published: April 2005

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Palladium(II)‐Mediated Nucleophilic Cyanation of 4‐Substituted Quinoline 1‐Oxide in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide and an Oxidant.
Authors: Tagawa Yoshinobu , Higuchi Yoshitaka , Yamagata Kenji , Shibata Kazuhiko , Teshima Daisuke
Published: April 2005

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A Novel Fluorescent Sensor for Triplex DNA
Authors: Lu Erhu , Peng Xiaojun , Song Fengling , Fan Jiangli
Published: April 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by Asymmetric Electrophilic α‐Amidoalkylation Reactions.
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Hoesl Cornelia , Ponikwar W. , Suter M. , Noeth Heinrich , Wanner Klaus T.
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis of New Ring Systems: Isomeric 1,2,4‐Triazolopyrimido[4′′,5′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido [3,2‐c]cinnolines and Other Related Systems.
Authors: Badr M. Z. A. , Geies A. A. , Abbady M. S. , Dahy A. A.
Published: April 2005

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