bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of eclipse records in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Authors: Morrison Leslie V. , Stephenson F. Richard , Hohenkerk Catherine Y.
Published: May 2022

From a comparison with calculation of the dates and descriptions of the allusions to lunar and solar eclipses recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, we confirm the identifications of the eclipses given by Swanton in his 1996 translation and annotation. The details of the analysis on which this is based are given in the supplementary material published as an appendix in the on-line edition of the Journal.
Catholic Hospitals Should Permit Physicians to Provide Emergency Contraception to Rape Victims as an Act of Conscientious Provision
Authors: Brummett Abram , Mason-Maready Marlee , Whiting Victoria
Published: May 2022

While many Catholic hospitals permit the prescription of the emergency contraception drug levonorgestrel for rape victims, some continue to prohibit this practice as a matter of institutional conscience. While the standard approach to this issue has been to offer an argument that levonorgestrel either is or is not morally permissible, we have taken a different tack. We begin by briefly describing and acknowledging that reasonable disagreement exists on this question (part one), and then arguing that the reasonable disagreement itself can serve as a compelling basis for Catholic leadership at hospitals that prohibit emergency contraception for rape victims to accommodate physicians who wish to provide levonorgestrel as a matter of conscience (part two). We end by anticipating and responding to some objections.
The Unitive Meaning of the Conjugal Act in Evaluating Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Laurento Wendy
Published: May 2022

Humanae Vitae taught that sexual relations must respect both the procreative and unitive meanings of the marital act. Most Catholic ethical analysis of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has focused on whether the procedure assists or replaces the conjugal act. This paper proposes that such an approach is missing an essential element—namely, whether the procedure respects the unitive meaning of the conjugal act. Pope John Paul II’s “theology of the body” provides principles for understanding the unitive meaning. In this light the conjugal act, which is a union of persons, is characterized by respect for the personalist norm, total mutual self-gift, the freedom of the gift, spousal exclusivity, and the spousal communio personarum. In addition to considering the procreative meaning, the moral evaluation of ART should also consider whether the unitive meaning of the conjugal act is respected. When viewed within this framework, certain kinds of ART that are considered morally licit by some ethicists may be impermissible because, or to the extent that, they violate the unitive meaning of the conjugal act.
Characterizing and predicting the self-folding behavior of weft-knit fabrics
Authors: Amanatides Chelsea , Ghita Oana , Evans Ken E , Dion Genevieve
Published: May 2022

Self-folding behavior is an exciting property of weft-knit fabrics that can be created using just front and back stitches. This behavior is easy to create, but not easy to anticipate and currently cannot be predicted by the existing computer-aided design software that controls industrial knitting machines. This work identifies the edge deformation behaviors that lead to self-folding in weft knits, and methods to characterize the mechanical forces driving these behaviors with regard to chosen manufacturing parameters. With this data and analysis of the fabric deformations, the self-folding behavior was purposely controlled using calculated scaling factors. Furthermore, theoretical equations were developed to mathematically predict these scaling factors, minimizing the trial and error required to design with self-folding behavior and create textiles with novel engineered properties. By understanding the mechanisms responsible for creating these three-dimensional self-folding textiles, they can then be designed in a programmable manner for use in technical applications.
A Crash Course in Good and Bad Controls
Authors: Cinelli Carlos , Forney Andrew , Pearl Judea
Published: May 2022

Many students of statistics and econometrics express frustration with the way a problem known as “bad control” is treated in the traditional literature. The issue arises when the addition of a variable to a regression equation produces an unintended discrepancy between the regression coefficient and the effect that the coefficient is intended to represent. Avoiding such discrepancies presents a challenge to all analysts in the data intensive sciences. This note describes graphical tools for understanding, visualizing, and resolving the problem through a series of illustrative examples. By making this “crash course” accessible to instructors and practitioners, we hope to avail these tools to a broader community of scientists concerned with the causal interpretation of regression models.
Dual-Objective Item Selection Methods in Computerized Adaptive Test Using the Higher-Order Cognitive Diagnostic Models
Authors: Xi Chongqin , Tu Dongbo , Cai Yan
Published: May 2022

To efficiently obtain information about both the general abilities and detailed cognitive profiles of examinees from a single model that uses a single-calibration process, higher-order cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT) that employ higher-order cognitive diagnostic models have been developed. However, the current item selection methods used in higher-order CD-CAT adaptively select items according to only the attribute profiles, which might lead to low precision regarding general abilities; hence, an appropriate method was proposed for this CAT system in this study. Under the framework of the higher-order models, the responses were affected by attribute profiles, which were governed by general abilities. It is reasonable to hold that the item responses were affected by a combination of general abilities and attribute profiles. Based on the logic of Shannon entropy and the generalized deterministic, inputs, noisy “and” gate (G-DINA) model discrimination index (GDI), two new item selection methods were proposed for higher-order CD-CAT by considering the above combination in this study. The simulation results demonstrated that the new methods achieved more accurate estimations of both general abilities and cognitive profiles than the existing methods and maintained distinct advantages in terms of item pool usage.
World out of difference: Relations and consequences
Authors: Ioris Antonio A. R.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the ontological configuration and political appropriation of difference in modern, capitalist societies. Against fragmented accounts of difference, it is examined the evolution from situations of wide socio-spatial diversity to the gradual instrumentalisation and selective hierarchisation of those elements of difference that can be inserted in market-based relations, whilst the majority of differences are ignored and disregarded. The instrumentalisation of difference under capitalism – the reduction of extended socio-spatial difference to the interests and priorities of the stronger segments of society who emphasise their distinctive features in the attempt to exert power and control over those considered inferior and subordinate – has more than just an impact on social or interpersonal relations but constitutes an active worldmaking force that operates, primarily, via the promotion of indifference. The analysis is informed by the Hegelian framework of consciousness and reason that is based on what the German philosopher calls the laws of experience accumulated through social interaction. Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit can, therefore, move social theory forward to a critical interrogation of lived and contested differences. The instrumentalised metabolism of difference, following Hegelian metaphysics, is basically the result of self-estrangement and externalisation of the self, not because of self-serving interests but exactly because of its incompleteness and the need to be actualised in the other, who is also incomplete. Likewise, all particulars are moments actualised in the universal, which is also a changeable moment of itself. Thought the negation of otherness, followed by a negation of the negation, difference can be then embraced in its entirety, as it remains a central explanatory concept for social criticism.
Examining the Associations Between Latinx Adolescents’ Coping and School Functioning
Authors: Thomas Rayni , Delgado Melissa Y. , Nair Rajni L. , Wheeler Lorey A. , Zeiders Katharine H. , Perez-Brena Norma J.
Published: May 2022

Stress and coping frameworks posit that active coping may help mitigate stress experiences of individuals, such as the stress resulting from structural racism or anti-immigrant sentiments (i.e., sociocultural stress) Latinx adolescents experience in the United States. Active coping has been linked to better school functioning in mixed-ethnic adolescent populations. The current study examined the associations between active coping and school functioning, as well as the moderating role of gender among 288 Latinx adolescents ( M = 13.69, SD = .56; 53% girls). Results revealed active coping related to higher levels of school belonging and grades. No gender differences were found, suggesting active coping works similarly for Latinx adolescent girls’ and boys’ school functioning. This study’s findings contribute to the knowledge on Latinx school functioning by identifying active coping as a potential malleable target for intervention.
When Is Mass Prophylaxis Cost-Effective for Epidemic Control? A Comparison of Decision Approaches
Authors: Malloy Giovanni S. P. , Brandeau Margaret L.
Published: May 2022

Background

For certain communicable disease outbreaks, mass prophylaxis of uninfected individuals can curtail new infections. When an outbreak emerges, decision makers could benefit from methods to quickly determine whether mass prophylaxis is cost-effective. We consider 2 approaches: a simple decision model and machine learning meta-models. The motivating example is plague in Madagascar.

Methods

We use a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) epidemic model to derive a decision rule based on the fraction of the population infected, effective reproduction ratio, infection fatality rate, quality-adjusted life-year loss associated with death, prophylaxis effectiveness and cost, time horizon, and willingness-to-pay threshold. We also develop machine learning meta-models of a detailed model of plague in Madagascar using logistic regression, random forest, and neural network models. In numerical experiments, we compare results using the decision rule and the meta-models to results obtained using the simulation model. We vary the initial fraction of the population infected, the effective reproduction ratio, the intervention start date and duration, and the cost of prophylaxis.

Limitations

We assume homogeneous mixing and no negative side effects due to antibiotic prophylaxis.

Results

The simple decision rule matched the SEIR model outcome in 85.4% of scenarios. Using data for a 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar, the decision rule correctly indicated that mass prophylaxis was not cost-effective. The meta-models were significantly more accurate, with an accuracy of 92.8% for logistic regression, 95.8% for the neural network model, and 96.9% for the random forest model.

Conclusions

A simple decision rule using minimal information about an outbreak can accurately evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mass prophylaxis for outbreak mitigation. Meta-models of a complex disease simulation can achieve higher accuracy but with greater computational and data requirements and less interpretability.

Highlights

We use a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model and net monetary benefit to derive a simple decision rule to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mass prophylaxis. We use the example of plague in Madagascar to compare the performance of the analytically derived decision rule to that of machine learning meta-models trained on a stochastic dynamic transmission model. We assess the accuracy of each approach for different combinations of disease dynamics and intervention scenarios. The machine learning meta-models are more accurate predictors of mass prophylaxis cost-effectiveness. However, the simple decision rule is also accurate and may be a preferred substitute in low-resource settings.
Guidance Surface to Help Vision-Disabled Pedestrians Locate Crosswalks and Align to Cross
Authors: Bentzen Billie Louise , Scott Alan C. , Barlow Janet M. , Emerson Robert Wall , Graham Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Raised-bar guidance surfaces (GSs) are used internationally to help wayfinding by vision-disabled pedestrians, but they are little used in the United States. However, difficulties experienced by vision-disabled pedestrians in locating crosswalks and aligning to cross have been documented, and the installation of GSs with bars perpendicular to the crossing direction has been shown to improve locating the crosswalk and aligning to cross at noncorner crossings. The present research investigated the effect, for a total of 68 participants, of a raised-bar GS on locating crosswalks and aligning to cross at (primarily) corner crossings in three cities. Using 2- × 2-ft raised-bar GSs with bars oriented perpendicular to the crossing direction at corner crossings, and a 2-ft wide strip of GSs extending across the sidewalk at noncorner crossings, significant improvements in the accuracy of crossing starting position and alignment were observed. Accuracy in locating the crosswalk was quite good at corner crossings, and was not improved by the GS. Installation of a raised-bar GS with bars perpendicular to the crossing direction is recommended to help vision-disabled pedestrians align for crossing. At corner crossings, a 2- × 2-ft GS located beside the detectable warning surface at the bottom of curb ramps, on the side farthest from the intersection, is recommended. At noncorner crossings, a 2-ft wide strip of GS extending all the way across the sidewalk, with the bars oriented perpendicular to the crossing direction, is recommended.
Effect of Anterolateral Structure Augmentation on Graft Maturity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Clinical and MRI Follow-up of 2 Years
Authors: Ye Zipeng , Xu Junjie , Chen Jiebo , Cho Eunshinae , Cai Jiangyu , Wu Chenliang , Wu Xiulin , Li Ziyun , Xie Guoming , Zhao Jinzhong , Dong Shikui
Published: May 2022

Background:

Anterolateral structure augmentation (ALSA) has been applied to prevent residual rotatory instability and lower clinical failure rates after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR); however, the effect of combined ALSA on the maturity of ACL grafts remains unknown.

Purpose:

To evaluate the graft maturity and patient–reported outcomes in patients who underwent double–bundle ACLR with or without ALSA.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 92 patients who underwent double–bundle ACLR between January 2016 and July 2019 were included in the present study—44 patients with isolated ACLR (ACLR group) and 48 patients with combined ACLR and ALSA (ALSA group). Demographic characteristics, intraoperative findings, and patient–reported outcomes were prospectively collected. On postoperative magnetic resonance imaging at the 2–year follow–up, the signal–to–noise quotient (SNQ) values were separately calculated for 6 sections of the ACL graft, including the femoral intratunnel graft (FTG), intra–articular graft (IAG), and tibial intratunnel graft (TTG) of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and the posterolateral bundle (PLB). Superior graft maturity was usually indicated by lower SNQ values.

Results:

The rates of return to preinjury sports were 47.9% and 27.3% in the ALSA and ACLR groups, respectively (difference, 20.6% [95% CI, 1.3%-40%]; P = .042). The AMB demonstrated significantly lower SNQ values in the ALSA group than in the ACLR group (FTG, 7.04 ± 3.65 vs 9.44 ± 4.51 [ P = .006]; IAG, 6.62 ± 4.19 vs 8.77 ± 5.92 [ P = .046]; TTG, 6.93 ± 3.82 vs 8.75 ± 4.55 [ P = .040]). The SNQ values were significantly lower in the ALSA group for 2 of the 3 sections of the PLB (IAG, 7.73 ± 4.61 vs 9.88 ± 5.61 [ P = .047]; TTG, 5.88 ± 3.10 vs 8.57 ± 4.32 [ P = .001]). Partial lateral meniscectomy was correlated with higher SNQ values of the TTG in the AMB (β = 0.27; P = .009) and the PLB (β = 0.25; P = .008), with both groups pooled. Higher body mass index, smaller ACL graft–Blumensaat line angles, larger AMB graft diameters, and lower postoperative Tegner scores were also associated with inferior maturity in specific regions of the ACL graft.

Conclusion:

A combination of ACLR and ALSA is a desirable option to improve the maturity of ACL grafts for patients who are young or expected to return to pivoting sports. Meanwhile, further investigations with higher levels of evidence and longer periods of follow–up are warranted.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by surface lithium modification in a sandblasted/acid-etched titanium implant
Authors: Park Jin-Woo , Seo Ji-Hun , Lee Heon-Jin
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the osteogenesis-related cell functions of osteoprogenitor cells modulated by surface chemistry modification using lithium (Li) ions in a current clinical oral implant surface in order to gain insights into the future development of titanium (Ti) implants with enhanced osteogenic capacity. Wet chemical treatment was performed to modify a sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) Ti implant surface using Li ions. The osteogenesis-related cell response to the surface Li ion-modified SLA sample was evaluated using two kinds of murine bone marrow stem cells, bipotent ST2 cells and primary multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The modified surface exhibited the formation of an Li-containing Ti oxide layer with plate-like nanostructures. The Li-incorporated surface enhanced early cellular events, including spreading, focal adhesion formation and integrin mRNA expression (α2, α5, αv and β3), and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of bipotent ST2 cells compared with unmodified SLA surface. Surface Li modification significantly increased GSK-3β phosphorylation and suppressed β-catenin phosphorylation, and promoted the subsequent osteogenic differentiation of primary MSCs. These results indicate that surface chemistry modification of SLA implants by wet chemical treatment with Li ions induces a more favorable osseointegration outcome through the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs via the positive regulation of GSK-3β and β-catenin activity.
The Interplay Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Self-Concept Clarity, and Dissociation: A Resilience-Based Perspective
Authors: Lassri Dana , Bregman-Hai Noa , Soffer-Dudek Nirit , Shahar Golan
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite a robust consensus regarding the potentially negative implications of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), research investigating risk and protective factors—particularly among well-functioning young adults—is scant. Dissociation is one of the major maladaptive outcomes of CSA. Nevertheless, CSA explains only about 10% of the variance of dissociation. Possibly, this modest effect size is due to protective factors moderating the relation between CSA and dissociative symptoms. One such factor may be the extent to which one has succeeded in developing a clear and coherent sense of who they are. Objective: We aimed to explore whether self-concept clarity (SCC) moderates the relationship between CSA and dissociation (Model 1), and an alternative hypothesis, whereby CSA may moderate the relationship between SCC and dissociation (Model 2). Participants and Setting: This was tested among 65 well-functioning young women drawn from an earlier study that intentionally oversampled CSA survivors. Methods: We included data from survivors of CSA by a known perpetrator ( n = 35) and women with no sexual trauma ( n = 30). Results: Findings were consistent with both Model 1 and Model 2, but only when depersonalization-derealization, namely detachment, was considered. Simple effects analyses revealed that CSA was related to depersonalization-derealization only under low SCC levels (Model 1), and SCC was negatively related to depersonalization-derealization only in the CSA group (Model 2). Conclusions: Findings suggest that SCC is a protective factor, buffering the association between CSA and detachment (depersonalization-derealization) symptoms. Clinical implications are discussed.
A Deeper Dive into the Digital Divide: Reducing Coverage Bias in Internet Surveys
Authors: Dutwin David , Buskirk Trent D.
Published: May 2022

Survey research is increasingly turning to online research and as a consequence, sampling only, or disproportionately from, households with internet access. While the percentage of non-internet households has declined, it persists at about one in ten households. This raises the question of coverage error and bias, and whether there is an approach to reduce possible biases in internet-only samples. We processed nearly 5000 variables from over a dozen major public and private datasets to assess the extent of the bias. Finding substantive differences, we then applied a series of data-reducing techniques to arrive at 38 variables that independently skew across internet and non-internet populations. We then developed and fielded a survey of these metrics to assess which dozen or less could be used to construct an efficient propensity model to reduce bias in internet-only samples. Our analyses revealed that many variables noted in prior research are important predictors of non-internet use, but also identified others. Our final propensity model of 10 variables was highly effective, reducing bias significantly. Many variables tested had bias reduced fourfold. Contributions: Prior research has not investigated the digital divide from a wide array of public datasets, nor done enough to consider the bias inherent in internet users-only samples. Our novel random-forest approach and subsequent survey of key candidate variables controlled for correlations among the variables in identifying the most important variables across multiple datasets. Our coding of 542 significant predictors of internet use contributes to the sociological understanding of internet access.
Cryoprecipitate for Alteplase-Related Hemorrhagic Conversion of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Verkerk Brittany S. , Lesch Christine , Cham Samantha , Berger Karen
Published: May 2022

Background: Evidence to support cryoprecipitate for reversal of alteplase-related hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke is limited. Guidelines recommend cryoprecipitate as first line treatment, followed by aminocaproic acid as a conditional recommendation with very low-quality evidence. The purpose of this case series was to describe the use of cryoprecipitate for alteplase-related hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective case series of adults who received cryoprecipitate for an alteplase-related hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke at two comprehensive stroke centers within a large academic medical center. Thromboembolism at 14 days and hemostasis within 24 hours were collected. The outcomes of cryoprecipitate alone vs cryoprecipitate with aminocaproic acid (C + A) were also described. Results: A total of 19 patients were included. Thrombosis occurred in 1/19 (5%) and hemostasis occurred in 4/14 (29%) of evaluable patients. In-hospital mortality was seen in 9/19 (47%) patients. Seventy four percent (14/19) of patients received concomitant blood products other than cryoprecipitate and 63% received a concomitant reversal agent. Thirteen patients received cryoprecipitate alone and six received C + A. Thrombosis was seen in 1/13 (8%) vs 0/6 (0%) and hemostasis occurred in 2/11 (18%) and 2/3 (67%) evaluable cryoprecipitate vs C + A patients respectively. Conclusion: Cryoprecipitate was associated with a low rate of thrombosis and hemostasis for alteplase-associated hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke. There was significant heterogeneity in treatment regimens, including the use of and dosing of adjunctive aminocaproic acid and monitoring of fibrinogen levels.
Parametric study and multi-criteria optimization during turning of X210Cr12 steel using the desirability function and hybrid Taguchi-WASPAS method
Authors: Safi Khaoula , Yallese Mohamed Athmane , Belhadi Salim , Mabrouki Tarek , Chihaoui Salim
Published: May 2022

The present study examines the machining of a cold work tool steel (X210Cr12) using a triple chemical vapor deposition coated carbide tool (Al2O3/TiC/TiCN). The paper is focused on an experimental investigation as well as a modeling and optimization of the working cutting parameters in relationship with the studied material. For that, first, a set of experimental tests were built in order to evaluate the effect of cutting parameters (r, Vc, f, and ap) on the output parameters, namely surface roughness (Ra), cutting force (Fz), insert flank wear (Vb), and 3D roughness distribution. In a second step, a Taguchi L16 (4^3 2^1) design of experiment (DoE) was exploited with the aim to develop a modeling of output working parameters based on the response surface methodology. An optimization of the cutting conditions was performed using the desirability function (DF) approach and the hybrid Taguchi-weighted aggregate sum product assessment method. The desired objective is to obtain optimal cutting regime corresponding to the simultaneous minimization of parameters Ra and Fz, and maximization of material removal rate. The results found show that the factor f influences Ra with 42.55% and that parameter ap affects parameters Fz and Pc with 67.55 and 60.88%, respectively. For the DF and WASPAS methods, the optimal regimes selected is r = 1.6 mm, Vc = 366 m/min, ap = 0.17 mm, f = 0.16 mm/rev and r = 1.6 mm, Vc = 180 m/min, ap = 0.3 mm, and f = 0.08 mm/rev, respectively. The proposed work concerns all mechanical manufacturing companies, as it provides the necessary information on the optimal working conditions of the tool/material pair.
A high-dimension structural reliability method based on active learning Kriging and dimension reduction technique
Authors: Zhao Haodong , Zhou Changcong , Shi Zhuangke , Li Chen
Published: May 2022

For efficiently and accurately estimating the failure probability and the further sensitivity index of the high-dimension structures, a novel AS-AK-MCS method is proposed in this work. This method fully employs the merits of the active subspace-based dimension reduction technique, the active learning (AL) Kriging surrogate model, and the Monte Carlo simulation. In the proposed method, the intractable gradient information needed by the active subspace method is obtained by a crude Kriging model with initial training sample points. In the construction of the crude Kriging model, the proposed trend model selection criterion reduces the man-made error. Then the active subspace method converts the reliability analysis from the original high-dimension space into the low-dimension subspace, which facilities constructing an AL-Kriging model and also avoids the tricky “curse of dimension” problem. The state-of-the-art U learning function is applied as the points adding criterion in the active subspace. In order to demonstrate the effectivity and versatility of the proposed method, three representative examples including the linear/nonlinear and the explicit/implicit performance functions are studied for estimating the failure probability and the failure probability-based sensitivity index. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the reliability and sensitivity analysis of a composite radome structure.
Analysis of circumferential gas force on star-wheel in a single screw expander
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhao Boyang , Sun Shuaihui , Wang Wei , Xia Tian , Chen Guoqing , Ting Li
Published: May 2022

Service life of a star-wheel directly affects operation stability of a single screw expander. In addition, since star-wheel tooth of a single screw expander is prone to wear, circumferential force of the star-wheel rotor is investigated in this paper. Geometric gap models between the meshing pair with a single line envelope profile at different rotation angles are established and meshed section pressure fields and velocity fields of a referent tooth flank are simulated. Circumferential gas torque calculation model of a referent tooth and multi-tooth are established, and torque influencing factors are analyzed. Results indicate that the pressure difference between the expansion cavity and low-pressure cavity as well as gap geometry shape have a significant influence on the pressure field and velocity field. Both gas forces that act on the meshed section and the unmeshed section of the tooth have significant effects on the circumferential torque. Due to multi-tooth coupling, total gas torque periodically changes with the star-wheel rotation angle. Moreover, the negative values indicate that the gas torque on the left side of the star-wheel is greater than that on the right side. Unbalanced gas torque can cause star-wheel teeth deviation towards the side with less force. This consequently results in wear increase.
Integrated impact time guidance and control against non-maneuvering targets
Authors: Patil Aditya , Kumar Shashi Ranjan
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes integrated guidance and control for skid-to-turn cruciform canard-controlled interceptors for controlling impact time along with interception of non-maneuvering targets. This approach circumvents the possible difficulties associated with designing guidance and control subsystems independently. An interceptor control surface deflection for achieving appropriate lateral acceleration to achieve the guidance objectives are derived using sliding-mode control considering nonlinear engagement dynamics, thereby remaining effective even for engagement with large initial heading errors. The switching surface is chosen to be a function of time-to-go and its rate with different time-to-go estimates against stationary and moving targets. The time-to-go estimate for stationary target accounts for the heading angle errors, while that for constant velocity target provides an exact value. Unlike many of the existing strategies, the proposed approaches enable the interceptor to achieve an impact time, even less than its initial estimates. The efficacy of the proposed guidance strategies is validated through numerical simulations for various initial engagement geometries. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed integrated guidance and control approach is also compared with the separate design of guidance and control subsystems, and shown to be superior.
Mathematical investigation of syngas fired burner with various configurations in the BERL combustor
Authors: Medhat Moataz , Khalil Essam E , Haridy Hatem , Yehia Mohamed A
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses the effect of burning syngas in a configuration similar to that of the BERL (Burner Engineering Research Laboratory) 300 KW swirl-stabilized combustor which has previously been used with methane as a fuel. Due to the axisymmetric configuration, only 15° from the burner angle is studied with periodic boundary. The model adopts RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes) technique including a realizable k-ε turbulent scheme. The non-premixed combustion model used is based on applying flamelet concept. The study shows that the structure of the flame is affected with changing the burner quarl angle and the inlet air swirl number. The detailed parametric study of this synthetic fuel in the BERL paradigm relates easily to the accumulated experimental and numerical studies available in this configuration and then acquiring add noval value to the present work. The study also shows the presence of different recirculation zones, one of which is central recirculation zone and an external recirculation zone. When increasing quarl angle, the central recirculation zone is shifted outward and the turbulent interaction between the central fuel jet and the recirculation zone induces small vortices between these two flow patterns. On the other hand, the effect of flue gas recirculation and air staging into the burner on the reduction of NOx formation is discussed. The flue gas data show that FGR reduces NOx emissions significantly while having no influence on flame stability, total combustion efficiency, or CO emissions. Changes in fuel composition are also taken into account. The results reveal that when the hydrogen blending in the fuel increases, the temperature rises.
Review of carbon fiber-reinforced sandwich structures
Authors: Zhao Tidong , Yang Jing , Chen Jinxiang , Guan Sujun
Published: May 2022

This paper first reviews the research progress of carbon fiber-reinforced sandwich plates with grid cores, truss cores, and foam cores, and the results can be summarized in the following four points. 1) The load-bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity of grid-core and foam-core structures under bending loads have been improved by toughening with short fibers and Z-pinned fibers. 2) The progressive buckling mode of the core layer under compressive loading can significantly improve the energy absorption capacity of a sandwich structure. 3) The compressive failure of a truss-core sandwich structure is closely related to the strength at the nodes. 4) Following a literature review, this paper discusses the existing problems in sandwich structures and the corresponding countermeasures, and the results can be summarized in the following two points. 1) After implementing the current toughening measures, the debonding is improved to a certain extent; however, this approach does not prevent debonding. 2) No method has been presented that can increase the strength of the end nodes in truss-core members. Therefore, it is encouraging that a trabeculae/honeycomb-core sandwich structure composed of fiber-reinforced proteins—mimicking the biological structure found in a beetle forewing—can effectively solve the abovementioned problems.
Flexural Properties of 3D-printed hierarchical-sinusoidal corrugated core sandwich panels with natural fiber reinforced skins
Authors: Shahkarami Mahvash , Zeinedini Afshin
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of printed hierarchical-sinusoidal corrugated core patterns and the load direction on the flexural properties of the cotton/epoxy composites sandwich panels. For the cores, six sinusoidal corrugated structures were considered. Besides, possible arrangements (transvers or longitudinal wave, arch downward or upward) of the sinusoidal corrugated cores with respect to the loading direction were considered. Totally, 72 cores were fabricated using a 3D printer and poly lactic acid material. It was observed that for the transverse arrangement, the flexural strength of sandwich panels is significantly improved by changing the pattern from the simple form to the hierarchical patterns. In contrast, for the longitudinal pattern, improvement in the flexural properties was not obtained by changing the core pattern. It was also manifested that corrugated core arrangement has remarkable effect on the mechanical properties of the sandwich panels. For the transverse pattern core panel, the maximum values of normalized face-sheet bending strength (FBS), core shear ultimate strength (CSUS) and energy absorption were obtained as 7.17 MPa/kg, 223.91 MPa/kg and 114.56 J/kg, respectively. Besides, for the longitudinal pattern core panel, the maximum values of FBS, CSUS and energy absorption were obtained as 7.86 MPa/kg, 245.78 MPa/kg and 330.75 J/kg, respectively. Comparing the obtained results with the available data in the literature manifested that the flexural properties of the corrugated core sandwich structures are significantly improved by changing its core system from the other materials to the printed material.
Biodegradation behaviour of green composite sandwich made of flax and agglomerated cork
Authors: Prabhakaran S. , Krishnaraj V. , Golla Hemashree , Senthilkumar M.
Published: May 2022

Material experts are striving to use natural resources as skin and core in composite sandwiches to achieve light weight, biodegradability, and cost benefits. This paper reports one such newly developed green composite sandwich and its biodegradable behavior. The skin and core of newly developed sandwich are flax fiber and agglomerated cork respectively. This composite sandwich is manufactured by vacuum bagging technique in order to get higher volume fraction of fiber. The biodegradability testing of the composite sandwich has been executed by soil burial test. The verification of the same has been done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Thermoanalytical test. The test results portray the percentage of weight loss in the specimens and that, it increases with burial time. It also depicts that the newly developed Green Composite Sandwich (GCS) has 82% higher degradation than the Synthetic Composite Sandwich (SCS) taken for the comparison. SEM images show that the green composite sandwiches have lost their fibrous structure and cell wall surface due to the degradation. FTIR and Thermoanalytical tests also confirm the biodegradability of the developed green composite sandwich.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening and diagnosis rates: A rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ng Jay Shen , Hamilton Daniel G.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused an indefinite delay to cancer screening programs worldwide. This study aims to explore the impact on breast cancer screening outcomes such as mammography and diagnosis rates.

Methods

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, medRxiv and bioRxiv between January 2020 to October 2021 to identify studies that reported on the rates of screening mammography and breast cancer diagnosis before and during the pandemic. The effects of ‘lockdown’ measures, age and ethnicity on outcomes were also examined. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Rate ratios were calculated for all outcomes and pooled using standard inverse-variance random effects meta-analysis.

Results

We identified 994 articles, of which 7 registry-based and 24 non-registry-based retrospective cohort studies, including data on 4,860,786 and 629,823 patients respectively across 18 different countries, were identified. Overall, breast cancer screening and diagnosis rates dropped by an estimated 41–53% and 18–29% respectively between 2019 and 2020. No differences in mammogram screening rates depending on patient age or ethnicity were observed. However, countries that implemented lockdown measures were associated with a significantly greater reduction in mammogram and diagnosis rates between 2019 and 2020 in comparison to those that did not.

Conclusion

The pandemic has caused a substantial reduction in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, with reductions more pronounced in countries under lockdown restrictions. It is early yet to know if delayed screening during the pandemic translates into higher breast cancer mortality.
Making it up: Adaptive approaches to bringing freelance cultural work to a cultural ecologies discourse
Authors: FitzGibbon Ali , Tsioulakis Ioannis
Published: May 2022

In this article, a transdisciplinary cultural labour perspective is used to examine the evolving and spontaneous networks and grassroots collective movements of performing arts freelancers in two contexts: Belfast (Northern Ireland) and Athens (Greece) in response to the outbreak of COVID-19. With a principally methodological contribution, the article proposes that evolving cultural ecologies research should mirror the ecologies it studies by adopting more collaborative and improvisational research approaches, drawing on inclusive research methods from disability studies and decolonising approaches within anthropology to reveal deeper knowledge and offer mutual benefit. Furthermore, it proposes that artists, overlooked in cultural ecologies research to date, bring knowledge from their practice beyond lived experience of value to such inquiry. The researchers collaborated with practitioner experts, revealing insights to freelancers’ milieu; their alternate systems for inclusion, representation and radical mutual care; and their increasing vulnerability in the face of ongoing exclusion from cultural recovery strategies and wider political and policy apathy to their concerns. This raises important moral and ethical questions for how cultural ecologies research and researchers engage with practitioner knowledge and the purpose of research in rendering such groups as creative freelancers visible within research and in the implicit and explicit urban and regional recovery planning in different locales. In addition, it proposes the inter- or transdisciplinary nature of cultural ecologies research may be better served by keeping its boundaries fluid, not just in the potential strength of blending research disciplines but also in its boundaries between the formal academy and practice.
Organizational and Moral Portraits of Responsibility
Authors: Albin Robert
Published: May 2022

This article aims to argue in favour of two different kinds of responsibility: moral and organizational. I present the notion of moral responsibility and, specifically, moral accountability, which stands at the centre of the later discussion. I address Coleen Macnamara’s view of accountability, a model of enforcement involved in setting demands and sanctions. Then I account for some cases of morally impaired persons’ failure to respond adequately to moral demands, in contrast to their capacity to respond effectively to organizational demands. I take the latter findings to show that there are two distinct kinds of accountability, moral and organizational. While moral accountability is connected to the arousal of emotions, I claim that organizational accountability is related to inner-organizational reactive procedures associated with employment benefits (such as promotion and other employment rewards) or sanctions. However, this can be distant from emotions.
Generation Y and Brand Love: Understanding the Effects of Individual Cultural Values and Religious Commitment
Authors: Rodrigues Paula , Sousa Ana , Torres Isabel
Published: May 2022

Given the lack of research into the link between the individual cultural values of the millennial generation mediated by religious commitment (RC) and brand love (BL), this research intends to the following: (a) identify the individual cultural values of the millennial generation and (b) explain how these values influence BL when mediated by RC. A quantitative methodology with structural equation modelling is used. Data were collected from members of the millennial generation in Portugal by survey questionnaire. The main findings of the data analysis showed that independence, power and tradition are the predominant individual cultural values of Portuguese millennials. The results showed that the independence individual cultural value negatively influences intrapersonal and interpersonal RC; power and tradition positively influence intrapersonal and interpersonal RC; only interpersonal RC positively influences BL. The study concludes with some insights that managers might use to address consumer-brand communications. Guidelines for further research are presented.
Multisectoral Nutrition Interventions and Their Impact on the Nutritional Status of Children: An Open Experiment in Two Remote Blocks of Karnataka, India
Authors: Rao Veena S. , Rajneesh Shalini , Degaonkar Chaya , Reddy Hanimi , Bharadwaj S.
Published: May 2022

The Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project, led by the Karnataka Comprehensive Nutrition Mission was implemented in Devadurga Block, Raichur District and Chincholi Block, Gulbarga District, two most backward blocks, between 2015 and 2018. Interventions were inter-sectoral and inter- generational and addressed root causes of malnutrition. This article analyses real-time data that emerged from the project regarding underweight, stunting and wasting among 8606 children in the cross-sectional group and 699 children in the cohort group aged 6 months to 3 years. Data indicate that percentage of “normal children”—not underweight, wasted or stunted—increased by 9% points from baseline to end line; underweight reduced by half and wasting by almost two-thirds. Stunting increased by 1% point, with previously wasted and underweight children transitioning into stunting, while around one-third baseline stunted children became non-stunted. This constant transition between the three anthropometric indicators suggests that they impact each other constantly and coexist simultaneously in different combinations as children grow. Hence, policy and programmes for addressing/preventing them, should view them in an integrated, holistic manner.
Prioritising a culturally safe e-Mental Health research agenda in Aotearoa New Zealand: A sector survey report
Authors: Rahman Juma , Cheung Gary , Lyndon Mataroria P , Lawrence Mark , Ma’u Etuini , Chen Yan , Ramalho Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Objective

To collect mental health and addiction service providers’ opinions about priorities for an e-Mental Health (eMH) research agenda focused on delivering culturally safe eMH in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Method

Service providers were recruited to participate in an anonymous online survey, which asked participants to rate the importance of potential research domains and items on a continuous scale from 1 to 10. The mean values of each item were normalised to develop a priority index.

Results

48 participants rated at least one of the listed research items. The highest-rated items were (i) identifying strategies to improve access; co-developing eMH with the community (ii) a set of competencies required for delivering culturally safe care, (iii) a set of meaningful clinical outcomes that can be achieved via eMH, (iv) guidelines for the delivery of eMH services and (v) investigating the extent to which eMH could meet the mental health needs of these communities. ‘Standards and guidelines’ was the domain with the highest priority index.

Conclusions

Mental health and addiction service providers in Aotearoa New Zealand prioritised an eMH research agenda that is focused on pro-equity outcomes and incorporating the voices and experiences of the communities they seek to serve.
Specialised psychiatric beds and 24-hour residential care in Australia 2018–2019 – Comparative analysis and commentary according to international benchmarking
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: May 2022

Objective

A commentary on Australian specialised private and public psychiatric acute and non-acute inpatient care, and 24-hour-staffed community residential care with regard to international benchmarks.

Method

Descriptive analysis of specialised psychiatric beds from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) with the WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020, and an international Delphi consensus on optimal and minimal psychiatric beds per capita.

Results

Australian private sector beds have shown a 3.8% annual growth rate from 2014–15 to 2018–19, in contrast to relatively static public sector bed numbers. Australia’s national combined public and private psychiatric bed number (hospital acute and non-acute, and 24-hour-staffed community residential) of 48.8 per 100,000 population is lower than the WHO European (100.6) and World Bank High Income (69.2) medians, due to fewer community residential and non-acute beds. Australia’s 40.9 general and stand-alone psychiatric beds per 100,000 are below the Delphi consensus optimal level of 60 beds per 100,000, but above the bed shortage threshold (30 per 100,000).

Conclusions

Rising bed numbers in private hospitals have contributed to Australian psychiatric inpatient capacity, although the level remains below comparable international medians. Recent initiatives to increase psychiatric bed numbers may signal a policy shift in the public sector, complementary to private and community care.