bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on System Reliability Analysis Method for Composite Foundation Improved by Combined Piles
Authors: Feng Zhen , Wang Na , Da Yong
Published: July 2015

Based on bearing capacity and settlement control design methods for composite foundation improved by combined piles,as well as the system reliability analysis theory,the system of reliability analysis for composite foundation can be divided into three sub-systems;that are bearing capacity sub-system,settlement sub-system and differential settlement sub-system.The system probability of failure for composite foundation call be obtained by calculating that of three sub-systems respectively.It provides a method of system reliability analysis for composite foundations improved by combined piles.
The Finite Element Analysis of Vacuum Leak Detection Container
Authors: Sun Li Chen , Liu Qi , Chen Jin Ming , Wang Guo Feng , Meng Dong Hui , Du Zhi Hao , Zhang Hai Feng
Published: July 2015

According to the requirement of vacuum leak detection container for small satellite, a set of vacuum leak detection container is developed. This paper discuss the design of model and the finite element analysis of different models. Through calculating the variation of the displacement X, Y, Z and the stress distribution of different parts and the rotation Z of the door flange and casing flange, determining whether the deflection of flange under internal vacuum will cause the sealing ring the fall of the sealing effect.
Research on Shear Bearing Capacity and Sliding Performance of Modified Mortar Isolation Sliding Layer for Rural Construction
Authors: Guo Jun Lin , Yuan Kang , Zhang Ling Ling
Published: July 2015

This paper studied the cracking and sliding working performance of modified mortar isolation sliding layer in a sliding isolation technique suitable for the rural construction. The technology realizes the sliding isolation by setting the up and down ring beams at the outdoor ground bonded by low-grade modified mortar and the shear deformation limit by setting rubber beams. Through the compression-shear tests on different grades of modified mortar which mixed with graphite and talc, the horizontal shear strength of different modified mortars have been acquired. the friction performances of different modified mortars have been Compared by the friction coefficient tests,. Through calculating, the sliding performances of modified mortar layer under the seismic actions of different seismic fortification intensities have been achieved. The research shows that the modified mortar sliding layer has well sliding performance, and it is able to meet the demand of sliding isolation of the rural construction.
Robust Optimization for Shape Design of Arch Dams Based on Strain Energy
Authors: Sun Lin Song , Du Feng
Published: July 2015

The strain energy of dam body and its sensitivity to the deformation modulus of foundation are taken as objective functions, feasibility robust constraint of stress is taken into account with the consideration of uncertainty of foundation deformation modulus, and a robust optimization model for shape design of arch dams is established based on strain energy. A formula of sensitivity of dam strain energy to deformation modulus of foundation is derived and a relevant algorithm is proposed. The optimization of a planned arch dam indicates that, the dam strain energy and its sensitivity to foundation deformation modulus of optimal design are reduced 2.29% and 15.51%, respectively, of that of initial design, and the validity of the proposed model is demonstrated.
Evolution of Cube Texture in Cu-45at.%Ni Alloy Substrates for YBCO Coated Conductors
Authors: Tian Hui , Wang Yi , Wang Pan , Liang Ya Ru , Ma Lin , Meng Yi Chen , Suo Hong Li
Published: July 2015

The cube texture evolution during annealing of the heavy cold-rolled Cu-45at.%Ni alloy tapes were investigated by XRD and electron back scattering diffraction techniques. The results indicated that the fraction of Copper-type rolling texture was slightly strengthened during recovery, and then strongly reduced during recrystallization. The cube texture was formed by consuming the rolling texture components during recrystallization process, and the S, Copper and Brass orientations were consumed together via cube grain growth. A strong cube-textured Cu-45at.%Ni alloy substrate with the cube texture fraction of 98.6 % (< 10°) was obtained after annealing at 1000 oC for 1 h.
Improvement of Thermal Oxidation Resistance of AISI H13 Steel via Hot-Dipped Aluminizing
Authors: Li Wen Guang , Wang Feng , Zhang Qiu Yang , Zhou Yin , Wang Shu Qi
Published: July 2015

The aluminized coating on AISI H13 steel was prepared via hot-dipped aluminizing and subsequent high-temperature diffusion. Isothermal oxidation tests of the aluminized and untreated H13 steel were performed. The results showed that the aluminized coating consisting of FeAl and Fe3Al was achieved with Kikendall porosity and carbide particles agglomeration. Compared to the untreated steel, the aluminized steel presented an excellent oxidation resistance and its weight gain slightly increased at 650 and 850°C. At 850°C, the untreated H13 steel had a worse oxidation resistance and the weight gain increased linearly with the increase of oxidation time. Al2O3 was preferentially formed on unspoiled surface and provided a barrier to obstruct the oxygen into the coating, while Fe2O3 formed around cracks had no protection.
Simulated Annealing Applied to Optimize the Efficiency of Flexible Manufacturing Cells
Authors: Coppini Nivaldo Lemos , de Fátima Castello Rosa Aparecida , Carvalho Alexandre Augusto Martins , de Souza Edson Melo
Published: July 2015

This work proposes a new methodology to optimize flexible manufacturing cells applying Simulated Annealing and Contribution Margin concepts. This methodology helps to determine the number of extra products that could be sold and manufactured while taking advantage of this idleness. The price formation to sell the extra products was based on contribution margin concepts. The main concept is to use cell idleness to increase profits while the costs are already paid. Equipment and workers have their fixed costs paid regardless of whether they are active or not. When they are not active, all of their costs are considered to be losses. What motivated the present work was the fact that, in general, the idleness detected in manufacturing processes does not receive adequate attention in the sense of taking advantage of it. To achieve this purpose, a program was developed to implement the methodology. This program generates user interfaces that allow the prediction of daily scheduling parts production. The first interface identifies only bottlenecks and idleness. The second interface, based on the Simulated Annealing (SA) metaheuristic technique, was designed to perform the management of idleness. A database was organized to present current and future daily scheduling parts production. Based on the volume of sales and the lead time of sold products, sellers are always able to update this database. Thus, the program can provide through its user interface, at any time, all of the information about production data for a specific schedule day that comes from the database. The user mentioned here is expected to be an industry salesman. Thus, it will always be possible to have previous knowledge about the bottlenecks and idleness that exist for any scheduled day in the future. This knowledge allows for planning the process of selling extra products made from the existing idleness. Two aspects were considered with respect to selling extra products that are produced via taking advantage of the idleness: the delivery time and the contribution margin of each product. To validate the program, a simulation was performed to determine which products should be produced during a scheduled day to ensure the delivery times or to ensure the maximum contribution margin, while considering the delivery time that is available. As a final consideration, the software can be considered to be functional and responsive to the possibility of profit maximization from the use of cell idleness.
Research on Ultrasonic Shot Peening through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Fan Yan Jun , Zhao Xiao Hui
Published: July 2015

Ultrasonic shot peening can be used to strengthen mechanical parts. Its equipment structure is compact, which is convenient for incorporated into production line. It is fitting to facilitate operation and high reproducibility without dust pollution and noise. The finite element simulation method of ultrasonic shot peening further contributes to the development of ultrasonic shot peening technology. In the present work, finite element simulation method was adopted to establish a three-dimensional numerical model for analyzing the strengthening mechanism of ultrasonic shot peening. By choosing reasonable material model and different combination of parameters (such as treated material, diameter of shots, peening velocity), the curves of residual stress vs. depth of alloy materials were obtained, including the relationships between the peak value and depth of residual compression stress and peening velocity.
A Review of the Importance and Present Status of Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zahir Md. Hasan
Published: July 2015

The generation of environmental-friendly energy is now one of the major demand of the world for healthy future. Fuel cell is one of the prime candidate in this regard which convert chemical energy of a fuel gas very efficiently and directly into electrical energy. This chapter describes the concept, impact of anode and electrolyte morphology, thickness, diameter, and fabrication of a micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The chapter describes the anode, cathode, and electrolyte of the cell components in more detail and their importance of each is regarding their size and thickness. Advantages of micro-tubular SOFCs with respect to the other fuel cell technologies are compared. The chapter describes the potential for directly running off hydrocarbon fuels and the design and operation of micro-tubular SOFCs on bio-fuel specifications and materials’ requirements. The chapter also discuss fabrication technology of micro-tubular single cell by using commercially available raw materials.
Use of Organic Polymers for Energy Storage in Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Ahmer Mohammad Faraz , Hameed Salman
Published: July 2015

In this article, brief introduction and mechanism of electrochemical capacitors are revised. The main features of electrochemical capacitors and batteries about electrical energy storage devices are also compared. It is well known that various types of materials (organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic composites and organic/organic composites) are being used as electrochemical capacitors. A vast literature is available on the preparation, properties and applications of electrochemical capacitors. In this communication, important aspects related to the synthesis and evaluation of organic electrodes for use in electrochemical capacitors is encapsulated.
Electrode Modification for Better Kinetics in all Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (AVRFB): A Short Review
Authors: Al-Ahmed Amir
Published: July 2015

One critical component in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system is its electrode. The redox reactions between V+2/V+3 and V+4/V+5 take place on electrodes surfaces. Commonly used electrode material is the graphite felts (GFs); this material has good chemical and electrochemical stabilities, conductivity, and suitable surface area, with low price tag. However, its relatively poor kinetics and electrochemical activity often limit the VRFB operation at low current density. Many researchers have attempted to enhance VRFB performance by trying other carbon materials such as, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials. They also deposited noble metals on to these electrodes as catalysts, which are not very practical due to their high cost and susceptibility to hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions. Low-cost metal oxides, such as Mn3O4, CeO2 and WO3 were also been explored as catalysts, but their performance is limited by their low conductivity and stability in concentrated sulfuric acid. Significant improvement in electrode performance are reported when different nanostructured metal catalysts were deposited. However, the performance of modified electrodes also depends on the size and uniform distribution of these nanoparticles. In this article, some important developments of this area are reviewed.
Photoluminescence Spectra of CdTe Single Crystals Subjected to Nanosecond Laser Irradiation
Authors: Gnatyuk Dmytro , Ito Tetsu , Aoki Toru
Published: July 2015

Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) of high-resistivity detector-grade Cl-compensated CdTe semiconductor crystals subjected to irradiation with nanosecond (τ = 7 ns) laser pulses of the second harmonic (λ = 532 nm) of a YAG:Nd laser is studied. Irradiation of CdTe crystals within the certain range of laser pulse energy densities results in a relative decrease in the emission intensity in both the deep energy level and edge regions and an increase in the exciton band intensity in the PL spectra. The evolution of the PL spectra depending on laser energy density, excitation level and temperature under excitation are analyzed. Laser-stimulated transformation of the point defect structure of the CdTe surface region and mechanisms of laser-induced defect formation are discussed. The optimal regimes of laser processing have been obtained which result in the minimum ratio of the defect and exciton bands that is an evidence of an increase in the structural perfection of the irradiated crystals.
Antimicrobial Properties of the Modified Cotton Textiles by the Sol-Gel Technology
Authors: Vihodceva Svetlana , Kukle Silvija , Muter Olga
Published: July 2015

Comparison of the antimicrobial properties of textiles with amorphous coatings containing Zn and Si obtained by the sol-gel technology against microorganismsPseudomonas fluorescens,Saccharomyces cerevisae,Trichoderma viridethat can cause cotton textile destruction was made. Modified textile were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Investigation of antimicrobial properties of the cotton fabric samples treated with different zinc acetate dihydrate concentration sols and various thermal post-treatments was made. Strong inhibition of microbial growth was detected for all cotton textile samples treated via sol-gel method according all tests microorganisms.
Anytime Fuzzy Supervisory System for Signal Auto-Healing
Authors: Dineva Adrienn , Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária R. , Tar József Kázmér
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a novel anytime fuzzy supervisory expert system for online signal processing. We demonstrate via simulations that this system is able to follow slowly varying signals and heal the signal in case of missing input data. In the presence of contaminating noise, the supervisory system performs the automatic wavelet shrinkage procedure selection, which ensures to pick the proper algorithm that is the most efficient in the given scenario. The necessary level of wavelet decomposition is determined online by the fuzzy supervisory expert. The system applies orthogonal wavelet functions in order to reduce significantly the processing time of reconstruction. The paper also shows how the online threshold estimator selection module ensures the highest denoising efficiency by selecting the most suitable algorithm.
Usage of 3D Anthropometric Data in CAD/CAM Individual Measurement List
Authors: Dāboliņa Inga , Viļumsone Ausma , Dāboliņš Jānis , Beļakova Dana
Published: July 2015

Computer aided designing software not only the possibility to speed up the process of putting a new model into production and improve the quality of the products, but also reduces material costs and labour intensity, ensuring an elastic change of the assortment. The designing of clothes includes a row of processes and one of the most time and labour consuming is constructing. A construction displays the layout (pattern) of the surface of the body (garment). As it depends on correct anthropometric data, it is very important to get ones right. The use of 3D surface scanning technologies to produce digitized representations of the human anatomy has the potential to help change the way a wide range of products are designed and produced. Every scanning device is equipped with optic (light) appliances to ensure non-contact measuring. Measurements acquired by 3D scanning device should be checked out for compliance with CAD systems for automatized pattern making procedure. The paper introduces the experiment with scanned data usage in CAD pattern making. The project aims to implement scanned data values in the CAD/CAM individual measurement list for acquiring individualized pattern blocks.
Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Polymer Spheres and HeLa Cell Organelles
Authors: Statsenko Anna , Ito Ginga , Inami Wataru , Kawata Yoshimasa , Poperenko Leonid
Published: July 2015

Two types of single beam laser traps have been built. Laser trap using visible light is used to optically trap micro-and nanosized polymer spheres. Laser trap using near infrared radiation is used to avoid optical damage when used to manipulate living cells. Manipulation of internal organelle was successfully demonstrated.
Investigation onto Nanometer Delay Charges for Millisecond Blasting Caps
Authors: Zhou Hui Sheng , Xie Xing Hua , Yan Shi Long
Published: July 2015

This study through a new manufacturing process to obtain ultrafine milliseconds, and then test its key performance parameters. Identifying the most important factor affecting the delay precision detonators by orthogonal experiments, thus optimizing formulations to expect to get a better precision detonator recipe. Through the ultrafine particle size of drug testing and the delay in seconds volume testing, analysis presents a method to improve the accuracy of delay detonator, and experimental verification of ultrafine drug delayed by technical feasibility detonator postponed postponed improve accuracy in milliseconds.
Fabrication of Sub-Wavelength Antireflective Structures Using a Soft Roll-to-Plate Nanoimprinting Lithographic Method
Authors: Zhou Yun , Shen Su , Zhang Jie , Jin Peng Fei , Liu Yan Hua
Published: July 2015

Sub-wavelength antireflective structures are fabricated by using a soft roll-to-plate nanoimprinting lithography. The proposed methodology employs a modified polyurethane acrylate as a flexible mold due to its high resolution, chemical inertness, polymerization characteristics, and its non-wetting, very low surface energy. Large-format (750mm x 750mm) plastic film with the recombined double-sided sub-wavelength structures is obtained, which has fascinating broadband antireflective effect. The roll-to-plate ultra-voilet nanoimprinting provides the capability of patterning sub-100nm structures, a short period of process time and allows the fabrication of sub-wavelength structure on a large number of flexible or rigid substrates in an economic fashion.
One-Pot Synthesis of Environmental Friendly Ni3S2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Yuan Kun , Wu Gui Liang , Li Zhong Tao , Wu Ming Bo
Published: July 2015

A one-pot synthetic method for non-toxic Ni3S2 quantum dots (QDs) was proposed by using commercial available nickel acetate as the precursor. The obtained quantum dots were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopic, powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The maximum fluorescence emission peak of Ni3N2 QDs is at 469 nm under the 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation in PL Spectra. The TEM data reveals that the predominance of particles with a polyhedron structure and the range of average particle size are between 5 and 11 nm.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanometer Gallium Nitride by Gas-Solid Reaction
Authors: He Kai Ji , Wang Shu Cai , Wang Kai Ming
Published: July 2015

Firstly, nano Gallium oxide(Ga2O3), as raw material of nano Gallium nitride(GaN), was prepared by special liquid-phase precipitation method. Subsequently，nano GaN powder was prepared by ammonia solution method through self-made experimental apparatus，and characterized by XRD and TEM methods. By controlling reaction temperature, reaction time and nitrogen flow，optimum parameters were determined to prepare nano GaN powder. Result shows that nano GaN powder, which is high purity and small particle, Can be prepared at 1000°C~1200°C holding above 2h and 100L/h flow
Study and Properties of a Steel Microalloyed Hardened Superficially
Authors: López-Perrusquia N. , Doñu Ruiz M.A. , Torres San-Miguel C. R. , Flores-Báez M. , Flores-Báez I.
Published: July 2015

In this study, we present a boronizing treatment on a steel microalloy that was performed according to dehydrated paste-pack boriding. The temperatures conducted were at 1173, 1223 and 1273 K; at various exposure times of 1, 3, 6 and 9 h. As a result of the boriding process, diffusion-controlled growth of the FeB/Fe2B layers was obtained at the surface of the micro-alloy steel, and the kinetics of the growth process changed parabolically over time. The results of these examination properties of the boride layer as revealed by Optical Microscopy (OP) showed the morphology of the boride layer as a saw-tooth with a thickness ranging from 33 μm to 220 μm depending on the boronizing time. The analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS); showed a distribution of the alloying elements that were detected by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique indicated that the surface was a mixture of FeB and Fe2B borides. The evaluation of adhesion of the layers was determined by the technique of Rockwell-C hardness. Young’s modulus and hardness of the layer were evaluated by a nanoindentation technique with a load of 250 mN. The paste dehydrate boriding of micro-alloy reveal a change of properties on the surface; also the coatings FeB and Fe2B, to make a sacrificial function in the steels micro alloyed as widely used in pipelines transporting oil.
Hygrothermal Material Properties Database
Authors: Delgado João M.P.Q.
Published: July 2015

The principles and tools for the development of a stochastic data base that can be useful for researchers and practitioners is an objective of this work. This paper explores the construction of that data base, focusing on material properties. Principles for that construction are proposed, including: selected properties, required raw data and deliverable format. These principles are derived from possible applications of the data base and available tools for data analysis. The selection of statistics tools that can be used in the construction of a material data base is addressed. The definition of the statistic distribution for selected properties was pursued. Available raw data was analysed resulting in conclusions on difficulties and opportunities that arise from that.
Investigation of Defects in Hydrogen-Saturated Titanium by Means of Positron Annihilation Techniques
Authors: Laptev Roman S. , Lider Andrey M. , Bordulev Yuriy S. , Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Garanin Georgy V. , Wang Wei , Kuznetsov Pavel V.
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the results of a defect structure investigation in commercially pure titanium alloy after hydrogen charging in a gaseous atmosphere at the temperature of 873 K up to the concentration of 5.1 at. %. Structure of samples was studied by positron lifetime, Doppler broadening and X-ray diffraction spectrometry. Several processes, corresponding to the different ranges of hydrogen concentrations were revealed. It was shown that hydrogen, penetrating in the material, expands its crystal lattice, initiates formation of vacancy-like defects of different dimensions and reacts with the last ones, forming the defect-hydrogen complexes.
Influence of Degassing and Nanoclay Loading on Physical and Flexural Properties of Epoxy
Authors: Ali Yasir , Al-Qadhi Muneer , Merah Nesar , Rafiq Ahmad
Published: July 2015

The mechanical and physical properties of epoxy-clay nanocomposites are known to be significantly affected by the dispersion and distribution of the clay particles in the epoxy matrix. The degree of dispersion of the clay particles in the epoxy matrix depends mainly on the processing parameters used to synthesize the nanocomposite.In this paper, the optimized high shear mixing parameters determined in an earlier work were used to disperse five different loadings of Nanomer I.30E nanoclay (1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 wt%) into DGEBA epoxy matrix. A systematic approach was adopted to optimize the degassing process of the mixture. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the optimum nanoclay dispersion was achieved for a degassing temperature of 120 °C. The flexural strength of the developed nanoclay/epoxy composite is found to increase by 15% for 1.5 wt% and due to the high stiffness of the clay, as compared with epoxy resin, the flexural modulus improved continuously with clay loading. The observed reduction in strength and fracture strain at high clay loadings is mainly attributable to the presence of clay agglomerations and voids formation. The diffusion of water molecules and maximum moisture uptake of epoxy are reduced considerably by the presence of nanoclay.
Size Effect of CaCO3 Filler on the Mechanical Properties of SMC Composites
Authors: Lee Y.J. , Kim Y. , Kim Soo Ryong , Shin Dong Geun , Oh Sea Cheon , Kwon Woo Teck
Published: July 2015

SMC composites consist of chopped glass fiber as a reinforcements, polyester and mineral fillers. Among them, filler is one of the important factors for improving mechanical and thermal properties of composites, but it has not drawn much attention for SMC composites. In this study, the size effect of calcium carbonate as mineral filler on mechanical properties of SMC composites was discussed using five different sizes of commercial calcium carbonates without chopped fiber reinforcement, to focus on the size effect itself. The SMC process was modified to be suitable for a laboratory scale composed of three steps. The mean sizes of the calcium carbonates were 3 – 20 μm, and the specific surface areas were calculated to be 1 – 5 m2/g by BET. Small size of calcium carbonate having high surface area up to 4 m2/g showed high thermal resistance, and showed higher strength comparing to the large fillers because it affected to form a dense packed microstructure.
Thin-Film Growth Rate Monitor by Normal-Incidence Reflectance
Authors: Huang Fu Rong , Chen Xu Dong , Wang Chun Cheng , Lee Ju Yi
Published: July 2015

An in situ technique for monitoring the growth rate and optical constants of the thin semiconductor layer by the normal-incidence reflectance is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, the variation of the air gap between two glasses is used to simulate growth system. We also used the spin coater to thin the thickness of the salad oil to test the performance of the measurement system. The experiments indicate that we can determine the thickness variation and optical constants of the test sample in real time.
Optimization of Operating Conditions for an SOFC Stack
Authors: Lu Chang Wei , Wu Szu Han , Lin Hung Hsiang , Chung Wen Hsiu , Lin Jing Kai , Cheng Yung Neng , Lee Ruey Yi
Published: July 2015

Performance testing for a single-cell solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is carried out to optimize its operating conditions. In this study, the Taguchi method is employed to effectively define the test matrix. The single-cell stack is composed of a 10x10 cm2 commercial anode-supported cell, metallic interconnects, current collectors, and glass-ceramic sealant. The major parameters for the experiments include: flow rates of fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (air) gases, and temperatures. The target indices are the electrical power output, electrical efficiency, and fuel utilization. The fuel flow rates (400, 500, and 600 sccm), air flow rates (1000, 1500, and 2000 sccm) and temperatures (650, 675, and 700°C) are evaluated for different experimental combinations. The results reveal that, the operating temperature is the most crucial factor to the stack performance. The maximum power reaches to 46 W (570 mW/cm2) with a current of 58 A (715 mA/cm2) at test conditions of 700°C and fuel and oxidant flow rates of 600 sccm and 2000 sccm, respectively. As the fuel flow rate decreases to 400 sccm, the electrical efficiency can reach to 53% while the power at 34.6 W (427 mW/cm2) and current 42 A (518 mA/cm2). As the current increases to 44 A (543 mA/cm2), the fuel utilization reaches to 83%, nevertheless concentration polarization is observed in such operating condition.
Effects of Guide Groove Shape on Chip Controllability for Chip-Guiding Turning
Authors: Aoki Tomoya , Sencer Burak , Shamoto Eiji , Koide Tomio
Published: July 2015

Conventionally, chip breakers are utilized for efficient chip disposal, where the chip is assisted to curl up and broken into pieces. However, this approach may not work effectively in cutting of highly-ductile materials such as low-carbon steels or heat-resistant alloys. The problem of chip jam may frequent occur especially in finishing operation, since the chip is thin and flexible [1]. In order to suppress chip-jam, the authors have proposed a new method, called the ‘chip-guiding turning’ [2]. Fig. 1 shows the concept of chip-guiding turning briefly. In this method, instead of breaking the chip, it is continuously guided to a desired direction for continuous disposal.
Development of Recovery System for Extracting Silicon Carbide from Photovoltaic Industry Abrasive Slurry
Authors: Yang Sheng Fu , Hwang Chang Sing , Jhuang Shie Zong Yang , Tsai Chun Huang , Chang Chun Liang , Huang Te Jung
Published: July 2015

Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely employed as an abrasive material in aqueous media for sawing silicon ingot into individual wafers in photovoltaic industry. After a series of cutting, grinding and polishing operation, a mixture of substances (Cutting fluid, SiC, Si and small amount of magnetic metal) is produced as a form of slurry. The used SiC can be preferably recovered and reused for another application, rather than disposed of as waste. In this study, a pilot scale system (25 kg/h) is developed to extract SiC from photovoltaic industry abrasive slurry. The recovery system is composed of physical and chemical separation processes to remove silicon particles and magnetic materials which are dispersed in the slurry. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that purified powder is in the 6H-SiC structure and powder consists only of silicon carbide and has no residual silicon. It might be applied again in silicon ingot cutting or for other purposes which require this kind of ceramic material.
High-Efficient Regeneration of Grinding Performance Using Adhesive Films in Dry Grinding of Carbon
Authors: Ohashi Kazuhito , Takata Yuya , Tsukamoto Shinya
Published: July 2015

The grinding performance of wheel remarkably decreases by the wheel loading in dry grinding of precision hard carbon parts. When the wheel loading occurs, the dressing is carried out to remove loading chips for generation of the grinding performance. However, many abrasive grains, which have enough cutting ability under loading chips, are removed in dressing. We therefore have developed the wheel surface cleaning using adhesive films without dressing to remove loading carbon chips on wheel surfaces in our previous reports, and the cleaning could achieve the lean regeneration of grinding performance of fine grade diamond wheels. The removing ability of loading chips is improved by increasing the peeling speed of adhesive film, the pressing time of adhesive films or the number of pressing time. However the optimum cleaning condition has not been investigated. In this report, from the viewpoint of efficiency in the treatment, we therefore investigate the optimum rolling press process of adhesive film on loading disc wheel surfaces in dry grinding of carbon. The optimum treatment processes are experimentally made clear, analyzing SPa of cleaned wheel surfaces, which is one of surface roughness parameters having the correlation with the protrusion height of abrasive grains. Furthermore, the effect of the treatment on regeneration of grinding performance is experimentally verified by grinding tests of hard carbons.
Influence of the Cutting Fluid on Tool Edge Temperature in End Milling of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Ishii Naoto , Tanaka Ryutaro , Kojima Yuto , Sekiya Katsuhiko , Yamada Keiji , Koseki Shuho
Published: July 2015

In this study, tool edge temperature was measured by a two-color pyrometer with an optional fiber and the novel method to evaluate the cooling effect of cutting fluid was proposed. After one cut, the tool edge passes over the fine hole at workpiece where inserted into an optical fiber so that the one peak signal can be obtained by each of two detectors with different spectral sensitivities in the pyrometer. The tool edge temperature can be calculated by taking the ratio of outputs from these two detectors. In previous research dealing with the cutting temperature in end milling obtained by a two-color pyrometer with an optional fiber, the average temperature calculated from some large peak values was used for an index as cutting temperature. However, this method was not suitable to estimate the tool edge temperature in wet milling. In the proposed method, the tool edge temperature was calculated only by the peak signals just after full length cut and used for an index as cutting temperature. The frequency distribution of tool edge temperature was made by the obtained temperature data. Comparing dry cutting to wet cutting, there was almost no difference in maximum temperature but obvious difference in the frequency distribution. The temperature range in wet cutting was wider than that in dry cutting.
Influence of Tool Wear on Cutting Characteristics in Ultra-Precision Cutting
Authors: Iida Tomohiro , Maeda Yukio , Hirase Daisuke , Kamiya Kazuhide , Tanaka Hideaki , Kato Kazuya , Yazawa Takanori
Published: July 2015

Recently, increasingly high efficiency and high performance have become to be required of information equipment. As a result, optical scanning parts that reduce optical aberrations, scatter, and diffraction are required in laser printers. It is therefore necessary to improve the geometric surface roughness achieved in mirror cutting of Al alloys and eliminate tear-out marks and scratch marks that can be created during the cutting process. In this study, we investigated the effect of tool wear on the occurrence of surface discontinuities in ultra-precision cutting of Al alloys. In our previous studies, a crystal orientation of {110} plane was adopted in cutting an Al-Si alloy (AHS material, 11wt% Si) and Al-Mg alloy (A5186 material, 4.5wt% Mg) using a straight diamond tool. The cutting edge recession that occurs when cutting AHS material has been reported to be approximately 5 times greater than that which occurs when cutting A5186 material. Therefore, we cut the AHS material for accelerated wear and investigated the cutting edge recession, the surface roughness and the cutting force. We found that the cutting edge recession decreases as the tool wear angle γ increase. For example, at a tool wear angle γ = 40°, the cutting edge recession is approximately 7 times greater than that which occurs at a tool wear angle γ = 12°. As the tool wear angle increases, the cutting distance increase, which produces a mirror like surface. In addition, we were able to obtain a good machined surface using a positive tool setting angle because side cutting edge produces residual stock of removal 0.1 μm when the cutting edge recession is 0.3 μm or more and when it is cut by following end cutting edge.
Simulation Analysis and In-Process Measurement of the Workpiece Temperature Distribution in Large Surface Grinding
Authors: Onishi Takashi , Sakakura Moriaki , Nakano Yusuke , Harada Makoto , Kawakami Kazutoshi , Sakane Takeshi , Ohashi Kazuhito , Tsukamoto Shinya
Published: July 2015

In surface grinding, the shape error is occurred by the thermal deformation of a ground workpiece. To finish the workpiece with high accuracy, it is necessary to understand the temperature distribution of the workpiece during grinding process. However there is no study to analyze the temperature distribution of a large workpiece during surface grinding process. In this study, an advanced simulation analysis method of the temperature distribution for a large workpiece was developed. In the developed simulation analysis method, the temperature distribution was calculated from the power consumption of the wheel motor. The power consumption can be obtained easily without any specialized equipment. To evaluate the developed simulation analysis method, in-process measurement of the temperature distribution of a large workpiece was also carried out. A large workpiece ground in this study weights about 1.3 tons. The temperature distribution was measured with thermistors mounted in many places of the ground workpiece. At the area close to the grinding surface, it was found that temperature rises immediately after the passage of grinding wheel with measuring the developed in-process measurement system. On the other hand, at the area far from the grinding point, temperature does not change quickly. The in-process measured temperature distribution agreed well with the simulated results.
Size Effect in Machining on Initial Tool Wear in Heat-Resistant Alloy Cutting
Authors: Hayama Hiroki , Kiyota Hiroki , Itoigawa Fumihiro , Nakamura Takashi
Published: July 2015

Ni based heat-resistant alloys have high strength at high temperature. In addition, they have low thermal conductivity and work-hardening properties. Therefore, Ni based heat-resistant alloys are known as a difficult-to-cut material. The final goal of our study is to develop a cutting method for extending the life of cutting tools for Ni based heat-resistant alloys. As a first step, this study investigated the size effect in machining on initial tool wear in Ni based heat-resistant alloys cutting. Using two types of Ni based heat-resistant alloys with different average grain size, orthogonal cutting tests were performed under changing uncut chip thickness from 12.5 to 200 μm. The cutting speed and width of cut were 30 m/min and 1 mm, respectively. As a result, it was found that when the uncut chip thickness is less than the average grain size, the initial tool wear strongly depends on the average grain size. In contrast, when the uncut chip thickness is sufficiently larger than the average grain size, the initial tool wear does not depend on the average grain size. These results indicate that the ratio of the uncut chip thickness to the average grain size is an important factor to extend the life of cutting tools for Ni based heat-resistant alloys.
Study on Surface Characteristics of EDMed Surface with Nickel Powder Mixed Fluid
Authors: Iwasaki Shuhei , Kitada Ryoji , Okada Akira , Okamoto Yasuhiro
Published: July 2015

EDM finishing technology has progressed recently, and very small surface roughness can be obtained by controlling the electrical discharge conditions. Also, EDM using powder mixed fluids can improve the surface characteristics. Therefore, the EDM finished surface is highly expected to be applied as a final metal mold surface. In that case, the characteristics of EDMed surface influence the molding performance and the life of metal molds. As a new surface finishing method by EDM, the characteristics of EDMed surface using a nickel powder mixed fluid was experimentally discussed in this study, since nickel coatings have been widely applied to improve the corrosion resistance and the mold releasability of metal molds. Experimental analysis clarified that the resolidified layer containing nickel content could be formed on the surface by EDM in nickel powder mixed fluid. Also, the water repellency and the releasability of molded resin from the EDM finished surface could be improved.
Effect of Sintering Condition on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 - Bi0.5(Na0.95K0.05)0.5TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chun Huy
Published: July 2015

(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 with 0~5 mole% Bi0.5(Na0.95K0.05)0.5TiO3 has been prepared following the conventional mixed oxide process. It can be concluded that the NKN-BNKT ceramics have orthorhombic structures in the case x≤ 0.02. With increasing BNKT content (x=0.03 to 0.05), however, the structure changes from orthorhombic to rhombohedral phase. Above results demonstrated that the MPB between orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases exits in the solid solution with the BNKT content of x=0.02. For 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02Bi (Na0.95K0.05)TiO3 ceramics, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp and the piezoelectric constant d33 reach 0.28 and 155 p/CN, respectively, at the sintering of 1100 °C for 3 h. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties have maximum values at the sintering temperature of 1100 °C for 5 h. For 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02Bi0.5(Na0.95K0.05)0.5TiO3 ceramics, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp and the piezoelectric constant d33 reach 0.30 and 170, respectively, at the sintering of 1100 °C for 5 h. The effect of prolonging the sintering time to the 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02Bi0.5(Na0.95K0.05)0.5TiO3 system is a helpful method on ceramic processing to improve densification and properties..
Design of Rotoformer Mechanism and Cooling Steel - Conveyor in Sulfur Granulation Systems
Authors: Nguyen Thien Binh , Le Thanh Son , Nguyen Thanh Nam , Vu Ngoc Thanh The
Published: July 2015

The sulfur granulation roller (rotoformer) mechanism and cooling steel conveyor is important clusters in sulfur granulation system. This paper presents method to design rotoformer, apply goal: create a continuous pressure for a regular granulation on steel conveyor. There are also mechanism that granulates and maintains temperature so that sulfur is not stuck and not solidify in the supplying pipes. Moreover, this paper shows the solution to cool the steel conveyor, filter system has temperature sensors which ensure the decreasing of temperature over the length of steel conveyor. This will help the granulation of sulfur, formed sulfur will has right size and shape.
Nanopore Positive Pulse Detection of DNA with Salt Gradients
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wu Gen Sheng , Si Wei , Sha Jing Jie , Liu Lei , Chen Yun Fei
Published: July 2015

Nanopore based sensors have been widely spread utilized for detection and analysis of various single charged molecules. However, collision and trap events also block the ionic current that interferes recording the actually translocation events. In order to resolve the problem, we propose inducing a salt gradient to turn the pulse form negative to positive. And the salt gradients dependence of pulse signals ranging from 1 M (cis & trans) to 1 M (cis) - 4 M (trans) is mapped. Experiment results demonstrate that applying a high salt gradient prolong translocation time 1.5 times and increase molecule capture rate by a fact of 3. It is benefit for nanopore further application.
Controlling Wrinkling and Flatness during the Processing of the Bend Section of a Pipe by Applying Vibration to the Mandrel
Authors: Zhu Xia , Wada Narumi , Ogi Keiji , Kurosu Hiroshi , Takahashi Manabu , Senba Hiromasa
Published: July 2015

Metal pipes have a long history as fluid conduits, and are commonly joined with components such as elbows to form bent transport paths. However, with the increasing demands for economy and energy saving, pipes with reduced joints and thinner walls are desired. The number of joints can be reduced by a drawing and bending process that forms a bend section at any position in the pipe. However, this approach incurs problems such as wrinkling and flattening, especially under conditions of large bending angle, decreased bending radius, and thin pipe walls. In this research, applying vibrations to the mandrel was trialed as an approach for controlling the wrinkle depth and flattening. First, processing experiments were performed on thin walled pipes (wall thickness = 0.5 mm; outer diameter = 14 mm). The change of flattening and the number and depths of wrinkles were investigated in the presence and absence of vibrations. Next, simulations were performed using the commercial nonlinear finite element software. Through these simulations, the flatness and appearance of wrinkles were analyzed by modeling the behavior and distribution of stresses and strains in the processing process. The application of vibration to the mandrel appears to be a promising approach for controlling the wrinkling and flattening problems during pipe processing.
Gradient Force of Electromagnetic Strength to Drive Precisely the Small Mass
Authors: Weng Zi Hua
Published: July 2015

J. C. Maxwell applied the quaternion analysis and vector terminology to study the physics properties of electromagnetic field. Nowadays the spaces of electromagnetic and gravitational fields can be chosen as the quaternion spaces, while their coordinates are able to be the complex numbers. The complex quaternion space can be used to describe the physics feature of forces in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The paper is capable of writing the terms of force into a single definition, including the inertial force, gravity, electromagnetic force, energy gradient and so on. Further the definition of force can deduce some new but weak terms of force. One of them is the ‘strength gradient force’. The strength gradient force relates only with the gradient and distribution of field strength, and is independent to the electric charge and mass. And this force is able to exert the interaction on neutral and charged particles. As the driving force, the strength gradient force can be used to drive precisely the motion of small mass, and applied to operate the precision machine. By analogy with the optical tweezers and magnetic mirror, the strength gradient force is possible to be applied to devices in the future, including in the precision machine for the focusing, the collimating of the polarization maintaining optical fibers and so forth.
Investigation of Optimum Assembly Tolerance for a Machine Tool Spindle
Authors: Hsieh Nan Kai , Young Hong Tsu , Chen Wen Chin
Published: July 2015

The product quality of an ultra-precision spindle of milling machine is affected by many factors such as assembly tolerance, assembly process, and working circumstances. The purpose of this study is to find optimal assembly tolerance in order to enhance product quality. This study collects assembly parameters and testing results. In addition, those collecting data are used to train and test by the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to obtain a quality index predictor so as to predict vibration level and temperature rise level. A variable control chart of SPC is employed to analyze the assembly tolerance data that impact on temperature rise level and vibration level. The results of the propose study not only increase the rotation accuracy and machining efficiency, but also decrease the vibration and temperature rise for ultra-precision spindle during operating.
Non-Linear Analysis and Modeling of the Structure with Bolted Joints
Authors: Liao Xin , Zhang Jianrun , Lu Dong
Published: July 2015

In this study, a non-linear finite element model for a simplified single-bolted joint structure model is built. Static analysis on the structure under different shear force and pretension effect is done, and the non-linear contact behavior is analyzed. Through comparing datum, it is found that interface area of each bolted joint region can be described an annular region around bolt hole, whose outer radius has increased by 85% compared with radius of bolt hole. Also, the frequency responses of the multi-bolted joint structure under sinusoidal excitation are investigated. Simulation results show that the resonance regions basically remain unchanged in different pretension effect and the largest amplitude will increase with the increasing preloads. Finally, the vibration experiments are conducted. Interface nonlinear affect dynamic stiffness considerably. The test results illustrate that dynamic behaviors of bolted joint agree with the simulation results and the proposed non-linear contact model was reasonable.