bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: Commelinaceae.
Authors: Costa Josélia Oliveira , Aona Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme , Louzada Rafael Batista
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Commelinaceae apresenta distribuição principalmente tropical, algumas espécies em ambientes temperados, ocorrendo em todo território brasileiro e possui uma morfologia floral complexa, apresentando flores deliquescentes. Visando contribuir com o conhecimento taxonômico acerca dessa família, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar morfologicamente as espécies ocorrentes nos fragmentos florestais da Usina São José, localizada em Igarassu, Estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil, dando continuidade à série de monografias para a área. Expedições de coletas foram realizadas na área entre janeiro de a novembro de 2019, além de estudo de material herborizado. Para a área de estudo, foram encontradas cinco espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Commelina e Dichorisandra. São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e hábitats.
A new milk-clotting enzyme from noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia L)
Authors: Oliveira Julyanne Dantas de , Siqueira Junior César Luis
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Proteases are a group of enzymes that catalyze several essential reactions. They are found in all living organisms and in plants has received more attention because of their potential involvement in various industrial processes. Noni plant (Morinda citrifolia L.), belongs to the family Rubiaceae, of southwestern Asia origin. The juice made with the fruit is widely used as phytotherapic agent and in combating a range of diseases, while seeds are usually discarded. The objective of this work was to seek active milk clotting proteases in noni seeds. The crude extract (CE) protein was obtained from seeds sprayed and mixed with tris-HCl 50mM buffer (pH 6.0). The results demonstrated the presence of proteases with milk clotting properties in noni seeds, which a high milk clotting activity from 3,891 U/mL to 65°C. This value indicates that 1mL of extract is able to coagulate 3.8 liters of milk in 40 minutes under specific conditions. This property indicates the potential of noni seeds as a natural source of proteolytic enzymes with biotechnological potential for application in the cheese making industry.
Chloris Sw. e Stapfochloa H. Scholz (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Valdeci Fontes de , Santos Carlos Alberto Garcia
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O presente trabalho compreende o levantamento taxonômico das espécies de Chloris e Stapfochloa no Estado da Paraíba, ampliando o conhecimento da flora agrostológica local. Foram realizadas consultas em bases virtuais, visitas a herbários físicos e excursões para coletas e observações em campo. Na área de estudo foi confirmada a ocorrência de cinco espécies de Chloris e uma espécie de Stapfochloa. Chave de identificação, descrições dos táxons, dados sobre distribuição geográfica e importância econômica, ecologia e imagens das espécies são fornecidas.
ENTRE AFINIDADES E DIFERENÇAS: FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO E A SOCIOLOGIA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Helayel Karim Abdalla
Published: November 2022

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é situar a sociologia histórico-comparada de Fernando Henrique Cardoso diante das propostas de Reinhard Bendix e Barrington Moore Jr., considerando o modo pelo qual a história e a comparação são mobilizadas heuristicamente pelo sociólogo brasileiro. Perscrutarei o sentido da contribuição de Cardoso para o debate da sociologia histórica, recorrentemente negligenciada em trabalhos que realizam mapeamentos da área e de suas principais contribuições ou tratada de forma lateral, sem maiores esforços de sistematização. Contudo, talvez não constitua exagero sugerir que, embora Cardoso não estivesse preocupado com a construção da sociologia histórica enquanto campo disciplinar autônomo, suas formulações parecem aportar uma contribuição indireta para a consolidação da área a partir da periferia.
Empenho dos bolsistas de pós-doutorado júnior na área de Ciências Biológicas no Brasil: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: SOUSA Maria Renata Furtado de , MACHADO Maria Inês Rodrigues , SILVA João Hermínio da
Published: November 2022

Resumo Muito se tem falado sobre a importância dos indicadores científicos no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos países. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho buscou analisar o empenho dos bolsistas de pós-doutorado júnior em algumas áreas de Ciências Biológicas (botânica, bioquímica, farmacologia e ecologia) no Brasil. Esta pesquisa classificou-se como descritiva quanto ao seu objetivo e fez uso da bibliometria para analisar os dados encontrados. O desempenho de 97 bolsistas de pós-doutorado júnior com bolsa vigente no site do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, foi analisado através do banco de dados Scopus. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que São Paulo é o estado brasileiro que apresenta o maior número de bolsistas (cerca de 20,62%), sendo a Universidade de São Paulo a instituição com a maior predominância de pós-doutorandos (12,37%). A botânica apresenta papel de destaque como área de atuação no campo das Ciências Biológicas, com o maior número de artigos indexados na base Scopus, apresentando uma média de 10,63 artigos por pesquisador. A área de Ecologia apresenta a maior média anual de publicações, com uma média de 1,56 publicações por ano. Observa-se que o pós-doutorado júnior é uma experiência que pode proporcionar avanço do conhecimento e capacitação científica e tecnológica visando à aplicação dos resultados em diversos setores sociais.
“Sapatão” é só para os íntimos: vínculo no cuidado de mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais
Authors: Pereira Amanda Gomes , Nasser Mariana Arantes , Chioro Arthur
Published: November 2022

Mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais enfrentam dificuldades para o reconhecimento de suas necessidades de saúde, resultando em iniquidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a construção de vínculo no cuidado à saúde de lésbicas e bissexuais. Adotou-se metodologia qualitativa, utilizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas presenciais e on-line. A população foi composta por 14 mulheres, residentes em São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Para a análise de conteúdo, foram considerados os marcadores sociais da diferença e a relação das entrevistadas com movimentos sociais. Evidenciou-se que a articulação de marcadores sociais da diferença pode contribuir com a potencialização da exclusão e que a participação em movimentos sociais projeta as mulheres mais ativamente na reivindicação de seu cuidado. Esses dois componentes são atravessadores importantes na construção de vínculo.
Entre a motivação, a alteridade e as demonstrações de resultados nos corpos: o Instagram e as estratégias de treinadores/as fitness para colocar em evidência seu exercício profissional
Authors: Delfino Juliana Maia , Silva André Luiz dos Santos
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo identifica e analisa as estratégias que os/as treinadores/as das “musas fitness” acionam para colocar em evidência seu exercício profissional no Instagram. Para tanto, ao longo de quinze dias as postagens de sete personal trainers foram acompanhadas e suas imagens e textos analisados. Por meio de estratégias semelhantes às usadas por segmentos de autoajuda, buscaram motivar seus/as seguidores/as à adesão e permanência em programas de exercício, processo que evidenciou a “indolência” e a “preguiça” como marcas de alteridade. O corpo foi acionado para materializar as conquistas dos/as “perseverantes” e o fracasso dos/as “negligentes”, além de informar sobre as habilidades técnicas e atestar sobre a competência profissional desses/as treinadores/as.
Formação de professores no ensino remoto: relato da docência assistida
Authors: Oliveira Nathalia Dória , Araújo Allyson Carvalho de , Oliveira Marcio Romeu Ribas de
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Problematiza a experiência pedagógica na formação de professores em Educação Física no ensino remoto, a partir da perspectiva da professora em docência assistida. O texto se inspira nos estudos narrativos e, em postura qualitativa, se debruça sob o teor narrado pela professora em docência assistida sobre experiência no semestre de 2020.2. Em análise da experiência é problematizada a potência da escrita como uma tecnologia de expressão de dimensão recursiva na aprendizagem colaborativa e o impulso produtivo de artefatos pedagógicos digitais como sintoma de ansiedade em repor a presença. A problematização a luz de postura colaborativa de um comentador crítico aponta para crescimento de professora neófita e alunos mesmo considerando limites postos pela pandemia.
Estudo experimental do efeito do ruído de miniventiladores em salas de estudos coletivas
Authors: Alencar Bruna Soares , Vergara Erasmo Felipe
Published: November 2022

Resumo Salas de estudos são ambientes coletivos do tipo panorâmico, os quais possuem diversas estações de trabalho separadas ou não por divisórias. Neste trabalho, são analisadas a interferência na inteligibilidade da fala e as condições de conforto acústico em salas de estudos coletivas devido ao ruído produzido por miniventiladores de mesa (de plástico e metal) e ar-condicionado (split e de janela). Seis salas de estudos coletivas foram avaliadas em 11 configurações, variando o uso do equipamento de resfriamento, por meio das curvas de ruído NC e RC Mark II, tempo de reverberação (TR), tempo de decaimento inicial (EDT), índice de transmissão da fala (STI) e definição (D50). Os resultados da curva de ruído demonstram que todas as situações analisadas com osminiventiladoresatendem a NC40 (45 dB) para escritórios coletivos, o que não ocorreu com o uso dosaparelhos de ar-condicionado. Todas as configurações consideradas com os equipamentos de resfriamento apresentaram curva RC Mark II com característica de chiado (espectro desbalanceado em alta frequência). Além disso, observa-se que as condições físicas das salas, destacando-se a pouca área de absorção sonora, geram valores de parâmetros acústicos considerados impróprios para atividades de estudos coletivas, sendo as salas com maior volume os piores resultados.
Evolução do ruído urbano no período pandêmico em uma cidade de médio porte
Authors: Penteado Lucas Dellosso , Christoforo André Luis , Souza Léa Cristina Lucas de
Published: November 2022

Resumo Este artigo relata um estudo sobre a evolução do ruído urbano na cidade de São Carlos, SP, a partir de medições acústicas durante um período de pandemia da Covid-19, e propõe modelos de predição do nível de pressão sonora equivalente (LAeq), com o objetivo de verificar a influência da variação da composição do tráfego veicular no ruído medido. Um estudo de caso é apresentado, considerando cinco pontos amostrais no centro do município. Medições acústicas foram realizadas concomitantemente com a contagem de veículos. Com base nos dados coletados, analisou-se a variação da composição do tráfego e do ruído medido ao decorrer das flexibilizações das medidas restritivas. Modelos de regressão múltipla foram elaborados para observar a influência de cada tipo de veículo na geração do ruído urbano. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a redução do nível de ruído abaixo dos limites estipulados pela NBR 10151:2019, na 1ª medição (maio de 2020). Na última medição (novembro de 2021), os níveis LAeq estiveram superiores aos medidos antes do período pandêmico, mesmo com a vigência de algumas medidas de restrição. Os modelos de regressão propostos evidenciaram a contribuição das motocicletas no ruído urbano e o coeficiente de correlação (R²) dos modelos foram superiores a 0,75, validando os modelos gerados.
Análise de barras de aço ancoradas na madeira utilizando adesivos estruturais
Authors: Pigozzo Júlio César , Arroyo Felipe Nascimento , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luís
Published: November 2022

Resumo Devido ao preconceito, a madeira passa de um material de excelente aplicabilidade estrutural para um material considerado vilão do meio ambiente. Entretanto, com a utilização de madeiras de reflorestamento, a madeira vem quebrando esse paradigma e apresenta-se como um excelente material estrutural. Nas ligações estruturais desse tipo de estrutura, as barras de aço coladas têm sido amplamente utilizadas. A avaliação da resistência de ancoragem das barras de aço coladas depende do tipo de adesivo, da rugosidade da barra de aço, da superfície de aderência na região de ancoragem e da umidade da madeira, entre outros fatores que podem ser definidos e controlados no projeto. Neste trabalho, apresentam-se aspectos de projeto, técnica de aplicação, comportamento mecânico das barras de aço (diâmetros de 6,3 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm e 12,5 mm), sem galvanização, coladas com adesivos epóxi e poliuretano em peças de madeira (Pinus oocarpa e Corymbia citriodora), e as formas de ruptura quando solicitadas a esforços axiais (tração e compressão) em corpos de prova, além de abordar as técnicas de colagem e o controle de qualidade. Apresentam-se, ainda, influências das propriedades mecânicas da madeira e das principais variáveis significativas na resistência de ancoragem das barras de aço. É possível concluir que o adesivo epóxi foi a melhor opção para ser utilizada nesse tipo de aplicação.
Análise do efeito da incorporação de nanopartículas de ZnO nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis MDF
Authors: Campos Cristiane Inácio , Silva Ana Paula Santos , Aquino Vinicius Borges de Moura , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco
Published: November 2022

Resumo O painel MDF pode sofrer mudanças dimensionais, o que compromete seu desempenho. Uma forma de melhorar o desempenho do painel é incorporar nanopartículas. A presente pesquisa estudou o efeito do uso de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco em diferentes teores (0%, 0,5% e 1,0%) em painéis MDF fabricados com resina ureia-formaldeído (UF), resina melamina-formaldeído (MF) e fibras de Eucalyptusgrandis. Também avaliou o uso de modelos de regressão para estimar propriedades físicas e mecânicas em função do adesivo utilizado e do teor de ZnO incorporado. Os tratamentos com resina MF apresentaram melhor desempenho quando comparados com os tratamentos que utilizaram adesivo UF. O teor ótimo para adição de nanopartículas foi o de 0,5%. O teor de 1,0% levou ao aumento no teor de umidade, ao inchamento e à diminuição dos valores de MOR e MOE, o que pode ser justificado pela cura acelerada e pelo superaquecimento das camadas externas, prejudicando a cura das camadas interiores. O modelo com maior precisão foi o estimador da densidade aparente, sendo os fatores resina, ZnO e interação significativos.
Chemo-mechanical behaviour of non-expansive clays accounting for salinity effects
Authors: Musso Guido , Scelsi Giulia , Della Vecchia Gabriele
Published: November 2022

Changes in the chemistry of the pore fluid are known to have an impact on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of clays. Experimental evidence collected in recent decades has led to the formulation of constitutive chemo-mechanical models for expansive soils used in engineering practice for the containment of pollution, such as bentonite. Less attention has been paid to modelling the chemo-mechanical behaviour of non-expansive clays, which are less frequently used for geoenvironmental applications, but equally exposed to chemical changes. Key differences between the impact of salinity on the fabric of expansive and non-expansive clays are pointed out. At the macroscopic scale, an increase in salinity causes a translation of the normal compression line of non-expansive clays to higher void ratios, which in some cases is also accompanied by an increase in compressibility. The opposite occurs for expansive clays. Such experimental evidence provides the basis for a chemo-mechanical model formulated in the frame of elasto-plasticity with generalised hardening, whose yield surface expands with pore fluid concentration. The model is validated against experimental results, both original and from the literature. Simulation results compare very well with those of tests performed on reconstituted, compacted and intact samples.
Investigation of erosive wear effect on concrete water structures: the case of Porsuk Dam, Turkey
Authors: Bayazıt Yıldırım , Karakurt Cenk , Bakış Recep
Published: November 2022

Water structures usually consist of concrete surfaces. The concrete surfaces are subjected to erosive wear under the flow of water containing suspended sediment in high concentrations. Such flow-induced erosion is a significant problem for ageing structures because it can shorten their service lives. In this study, Böhme, ASTM C 1138 and newly developed sand–water jet abrasion test methods were used to determine the abrasion behaviour of different concrete types. Various mineral additives, such as fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used to improve the wear resistance of the concrete specimens. In the study, the spillway of the Porsuk dam, Turkey, was chosen as a case study. By taking the spillway concrete recipe of this dam as a reference, its abrasion resistance was analysed for different mineral-added concrete recipes. According to the results of the study, it was observed that mixtures using 10% FA and GBFS considerably improved the resistance to abrasion.
Improvement of corrosion resistance and research on corrosion mechanism after depositing Ni–Y2O3/Ni–graphene composite coatings on NdFeB magnets
Authors: Zou Yaru , Lu Yaojun , Rehman Sajjad Ur , Zhang Xuehui , Luo Sangen , Jin Chaoxiang , Zou Zhenggang , Yang Bin , Yang Munan
Published: November 2022

In this work, the authors studied the corrosion resistance of composite deposits of yttrium (III) oxide (Y2O3) and graphene on a nickel (Ni) coating. The corrosion resistance of the coating was significantly improved after the composite deposition, particularly for the nickel–graphene coating with the addition of 0.05 g/l graphene. The E corr and I corr of the coating were optimized to 404.340 mV and 0.24 × 10−8 A/cm2, respectively. The surface morphology, microstructure, passivation behavior and corrosion products of the coating were analyzed, and the mechanism of corrosion resistance enhancement was revealed. The results show that deposition of the yttrium (III) oxide and graphene composite can decrease the surface roughness of the coating. The graphene composite has a more significant effect and greatly reduces the contact area between the coating and the medium. Moreover, particle composite deposition can also lead to grain refinement. Graphene composite deposition reduces the grain size from 75.3 to 18.9 nm, significantly improving the nucleation and formation of the passivation film. Uniform deposition of graphene at grain boundaries can also hinder the infiltration of corrosive media into the interior region. Upon composite deposition, the improved corrosion resistance of magnets significantly increases their performance and service life, facilitating their railway applications.
Hardening mechanisms in stainless steel/aluminum bronze composite fabricated using electron beam additive manufacturing
Authors: Zykova A. P. , Panfilov A. O. , Vorontsov A. V. , Kolubaev E. A. , Tarasov S. Yu.
Published: November 2022

The authors investigated the features of structural-phase state of a composite based on stainless austenitic steel with addition of 25 % (vol.) aluminum bronze. The composite was obtained by electron beam additive technology with simultaneous feeding of two wires. The paper considers analysis of the structural-phase state and mechanical characteristics. The contributions of various mechanisms to the composite hardening were evaluated. It was established that a multiphase structure is formed in the steel – 25 % bronze composite, which consists of 43.9 % austenite, 32.0 % ferrite and 24.2 % bronze. Dispersion-hardened copper particles are isolated in austenite grains, volume fraction of which counts 47 %. Dispersion-hardened NiAl particles with a volume fraction of 20 % are isolated in ferrite grains. Transmission electron microscopy data indicate a coherent conjugation of arrays of dispersion-hardened particles with the matrix. Such a composite structure provides an increase in the tensile strength by an average of 50 % compared to austenitic steel obtained by electron beam additive technology without the addition of aluminum bronze. It was found that the contributions of various hardening mechanisms to yield strength of austenite, ferrite and bronze amounted to 959.3, 972.7 and 408.7 MPa, respectively. Bronze grains do not make a significant contribution to increase in yield strength of the composite, except for its increase due to dislocation hardening. The main contributions to increase in the composite yield strength are made by austenite grains due to grain-boundary, dispersion and dislocation hardening and by ferrite grains due to grain-boundary, solid-solution and dislocation hardening.
Morphological structure of shell mould in investment casting
Authors: Odinokov V. I. , Evstigneev A. I. , Dmitriev E. A. , Chernyshova D. V. , Evstigneeva A. A.
Published: November 2022

The stress state (SS) of multilayer shell mould (SM) is significantly influenced by its morphological structure, its variants, and the connections between the contacting layers. The purpose of this work is to establish the effect of sliding without friction of one of the layers of SS relative to the neighboring contacting layer on SS of the multilayer SM. The process of determining the stress-strain state (SSS) in the SM is modeled when it is filled with steel, in which there is a surface between the layers, where one layer of the SM is completely sliding relative to the adjacent neighboring layer. The task is to find the geometric location of a given surface by thickness of SM from the condition of the formulated objective function with the corresponding system of constraints. The construction of the mathematical model is based on equations of the linear theory of elasticity, the equations of thermal conductivity, solution of which is carried out by a proven numerical method. In the axisymmetric formulation, a complex three-component system is considered: liquid metal, solid metal, ceramic SM. Solid metal and SM are considered to be isotropic. Crack resistance of the SM is estimated by the stresses arising in it. On contact with the support filler (SF), it is possible to move the SM surface from the SF during the liquid metal cooling. In this case, the contact problem is solved – reassignment of the boundary conditions. An algorithm for solving the problem is compiled. The results of numerical modeling are displayed graphically in the form of plots. A detailed analysis of the obtained results was carried out. The inconsistency of manufacturing such a multilayer mould is shown. The results of the research can be useful in calculations of other functional multilayer shell systems.
Slag mode regulation in electric arc furnace based on electrical parameters control during melting oxidation period
Authors: Sivtsov A. V. , Sheshukov O. Yu. , Egiazar’yan D. K. , Tsymbalist M. M. , Lobanov D. A.
Published: November 2022

The results of observation of steelmaking oxidation stage at EAF-135 were analyzed with automated control system of the electrical characteristics. There are three main zones in the furnace working space, which differ by the aggregate state of the materials in them: arc discharge, melt and foamed slag. The distribution data of electric power over the furnace zones is given. There is active powers asymmetry of the arcs under single electrodes affected by asymmetry of the short network. It is shown that the main factors impacting the melt and slag resistances are oxygen blow and electrode movement. The authors studied the influence of magnesia flux feeds on the melt resistance. These feeds correspond to a sharp increase and a subsequent gradual decrease in resistance, and the time for assimilation of additives does not exceed one minute. The average electrical parameters of the working space zones are given for the EAF-135 at single heats. A comparison was made of the nature of change in the arc discharge power and the change in the melt temperature. The profiles match of changes in these characteristics to an increase in the arc power corresponds to increase in the melt temperature. An attempt to correlate FeO content in the slag with the arc power did not give a positive result. However, this methodology should be tested under conditions of steel refining in a ladle-furnace unit. It is noted that the parameter control at changing of the electrical parameters of the arc and slag zones due to the overwhelming influence of intense oxygen blast, melt mixing and electrode displacement does not meet the reliability criterion.
Secondary metabolites in Viguiera (Compositae, Heliantheae, Helianthinae) and segregated genera. A review of their biological activities with chemotaxonomic observations
Authors: Arciniegas Amira , Pérez-Castorena Ana-L. , Romo de Vivar Alfonso , Gaona-Gaona Leobardo , Espinosa-García Francisco J. , Villaseñor José Luis , Delgado Guillermo
Published: November 2022

Background: The first monograph of the genus Viguiera was published in 1918 by Blake, including about 141 species. Schilling & Panero based on studies of molecular sequences of nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer and External Transcribed Spacer, as well as cpDNA, proposed to reclassify the genus, relocating its species in at least other nine genera. Question: Is it possible to identify distinctive patterns between the species of the new classification of Viguiera s. l. and the results of the chemical studies reported? Species considered: Sixty-seven species within the wide Viguiera circumscription with chemical studies and biological activities reported. Results: The species of the genus Viguiera synthesize terpenoids represented mainly by sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes, with triterpenes, polyacetylenes, volatile terpenoids and flavonoids also present. The main types of secondary metabolites were present in the studied species, although some compounds were more frequent than others in some clades. Conclusion: Germacrolides, heliangolides, furanoheliangolides, tetracyclic diterpenes and flavonoids are the main constituents of Viguiera and segregated genera. Some interesting chemotaxonomic relationships are noted. Nevertheless, nondistinctive clear patterns were observed between clades and chemical groups. These results may be a consequence of the reported chemical studies of the species of Viguiera s. l., which have not agreed on objetives or methodologies.
Synthesis and Analysis of Experiences in Ecosystem Services
Authors: Scarazatti Bruno , Nogueira Junior Lauro Rodrigues
Published: November 2022

Considering that the initiatives of payment for environmental services (PES) are already a reality in Brazil, the present work aimed to promote a critical analysis of experiences in ecosystem services, so that new initiatives can take advantage of it to overcome difficulties in the implementation of PES projects and programs. Using systematization methods, ten experiences were synthesized and analyzed (Oásis Project; Bolsa Floresta Program; Conservador das Águas Project in Extrema/MG; Water Guardian Program; Ecosystem services in APA da Fazendinha; Quintais Amazônicos Project; BioREC Project – Mamirauá; REDD+ projects in practice and the evolution of voluntary markets; REDD+ opportunities for the Amazon; Carbono RECA Project). They were presented and discussed at the Amazon Ecosystem Services Experiences Seminar (online), held between March 23 and 26, 2021. PES projects are consolidated as important instruments to support the recovery and conservation of natural areas, and can contribute, in a transitional way, to other sustainable development initiatives in the Amazon. In deforested regions, crop converted lands, and regions under pressure of illegal deforestation, PES can support reforestation initiatives, combined or not with production systems, for the purposes of biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and water supply. Combining nature conservation through PES with sustainable production systems (Agroforestry, Forestry and Non-Timber Forest Products Management, Fisheries management and aquaculture, Regenerative Agriculture, Agroecological Livestock, among others) presents itself as a good alternative for the sustainability of the Amazon and for their people.
Regional insertion and the centrality of the small municipality: the case of Piraúba-MG
Authors: Vidal Angélica Arruda , Itamar Caixeiro Stephan Ítalo
Published: November 2022

It is commonplace for cities to be classified according to their size. Qualifying them as small, medium, or large is a social practice that concerns the subject's relationship with space. To define not only the size but the dynamics that engender the small town, it is necessary to analyze its regional insertion and the modifications that occur in the urban space from this, as well as the consequences of the refunctionalization processes in the wake of urbanization, evaluating what remains and what is changed in the urban characteristics of small towns. To carry out this analysis, we used as our field of study the municipality of Piraúba, located in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It is a local center, according to REGIC (2020). It is inserted in the divisions: the Intermediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora, in the Immediate Geographic Region of Ubá and is part of the Local Productive Arrangement, focused on furniture production. This work has as its main objective to reflect on the impact of the region on the economic performance and urban development of the small town. The study proves the debates about how the role of cities, when organized in a network, reverberates in its socioeconomic dimension in view of how Piraúba is both a small town polarized by larger centers and part of productive processes that grant it a polarizing force in relation to other small towns in its surroundings.
A Multi-dimensional Real World Spectrum Occupancy Data Measurement and Analysis for Spectrum Inference in Cognitive Radio Network
Authors: Naikwadi Mudassar H. , Patil Kishor P.
Published: November 2022

Spectrum Inference in contrast to Spectrum Sensing is an active technique for dynamically inferring radio spectrum state in Cognitive Radio Networks. Efficient spectrum inference demands real world multi-dimensional spectral data with distinct features. Spectrum bands exhibit varying noise floors; an effective band wise noise thresholding guarantees an accurate occupancy data. In this work, we have done an extensive real world spectrum occupancy data measurement in frequency range 0.7 GHz to 3 GHz for tele density wise varying locations at Pune, Solapur and Kalaburagi with time diversity ranging from 2 to 7 days. We have applied maximum noise (Max Noise), m-dB and probability of false alarm (PFA) noise thresholding for spectrum occupancy calculations in all bands and across all locations. Overall occupancy across these locations is 37.89 %, 18.90 % and 13.69 % respectively. We have studied signal to noise ratio (SNR), channel vacancy length durations (CVLD) and service congestion rates (SCR) as characteristic features of measured multi-dimensional spectrum data. The results reveal strong time, spectral and spatial correlations of these features across all locations. These features can be used for a multi-dimensional spectrum inference in cognitive radio based on machine learning.
An Interactive Viewer to Improve Operational Aftershock Forecasts
Authors: Paris Gabrielle M. , Michael Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) issues forecasts for aftershocks about 20 minutes after most earthquakes above M 5 in the United States and its territories, and updates these forecasts 75 times during the first year. Most of the forecasts are issued automatically, but some forecasts require manual intervention to maintain accuracy. It is important to identify the sequences whose forecasts will benefit from a modified approach so the USGS can provide accurate information to the public. The oaftools R package (Paris and Michael, 2022) includes functions that analyze and plot earthquake sequences and their forecasts to identify which sequences require such intervention. The package includes the Operational Aftershock Forecast (OAF) Viewer, which incorporates the functions into an interactive web environment that can be used to explore aftershock sequences. The OAF Viewer starts with a global map and table of mainshocks. After a mainshock has been selected, the map and a new table show its aftershocks and the OAF Viewer generates five analytical plots: (1) magnitude–time, which is used to look for patterns in the data; (2) cumulative number, to see how the productivity of the sequence compares to a Reasenberg and Jones (1989) aftershock model over time; (3) magnitude–frequency, to compare the ratio of large to small magnitudes and extrapolate to higher magnitudes with sparse data and lower magnitudes with incomplete data; (4) forecast success, to compare the forecasts with observations for a sequence; and (5) parameter–time, which examines the temporal evolution of the forecast model parameters. The user can interact with the functions provided by the oaftools package through the OAF Viewer or by incorporating the functions into their own analysis methods. The OAF Viewer will help seismologists understand complexities in the data, communicate with the public and emergency managers, and improve the OAF system by maintaining operational awareness.
Materyal Destekli İşbirlikli Matematik Atölye Çalışmalarının 60-72 Aylık Çocukların Problem Çözme Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: ARSLAN Aysel , KARTAL Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sebahattin
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmada yapılandırılmış materyal destekli işbirlikli matematik atölye çalışmalarının okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının problem çözme becerileri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın yapısına uygun olduğu için yakınsayan paralel karma araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kontrol gruplu ön test-son test yarı deneysel desen tasarımına uygun olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim yılı bahar döneminde Sivas merkez ilçedeki bir anaokulunun iki şubesine devam eden 34 (16 kız-18 erkek) çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri “Çocuklar İçin Problem Çözme Becerisi Ölçeği” ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Nicel verilerin analizinde tanılayıcı istatistikler, bağımlı gruplar t testi, bağımsız gruplar t testi, nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel ve içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test son test puanları karşılaştırıldığında elde edilen bulguların deney grubu lehine olduğu; uygulamanın çocuklarda bilişsel, psiko-motor, duyuşsal ve sosyal gelişim alanlarını desteklediği belirlenmiştir.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Diyarbakır İli Örneği
Authors: BULUT İlhami , TAŞDEMİR ÇELİKTEN Fatma
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki becerilerinin değerlendirilmesine yöneliktir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, araştırmacılar tarafından MEB (2017) tarafından hazırlanan Öğretmenlik Mesleği Genel Yeterlikleri’den “Mesleki Beceri” yeterlik alanı altında yer alan 4 yeterlik ve bu yeterliklere ilişkin göstergeler esas alınarak toplam 28 maddeden oluşan “Mesleki Beceri Ölçeği (MBÖ)” geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma, tarama modeli niteliğindedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2020-2021 Eğitim Öğretim Yılı Bahar Yarıyılında Diyarbakır İli merkeze bağlı 30 ilkokulda görev yapan 440 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma gibi istatistiksel değerlerin yanı sıra, MWU ve KWH testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitim öğretimi planlama, öğrenme ortamları oluşturma, öğrenme-öğretme sürecini yönetme ve değerlendirme alt boyutlarına ilişkin yüksek bir yeterlik algısına sahip oldukları bulunmuştur.
Genotoxic stress leads to the proinflammatory response of endothelial cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Sinitsky M.Y. , Sinitskaya A.V. , Shishkova D.K. , Ponasenko A.V.
Published: November 2022

It was shown, that genotoxic stress can trigger endothelial disfunction and atherosclerosis, but the molecular genetic mechanisms of this process are poorly investigated. At the same time, inflammation also plays the important role in atherogenesis. This study aimed access of inflammatory marker expression in the endothelial cells exposed to alkylating mutagen mitomycin C (MMC). Primary human coronary (HCAEC) and internal thoracic artery endothelial cells (HITAEC) exposed to 500 ng/ml MMC (experimental group) and 0.9% NaCl (control) were used in this research. A gene expression profile was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR after 6 h exposure of endothelial cells to MMC (or 0.9% NaCl) followed by subsequent 24 h incubation in the mutagen-free cell growth media. The cytokine profile of endotheliocytes was studied by dot blotting. We found that MIF, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10 and PDGFB were upregulated both in HCAEC and HITAEC, while MIP-1β release remained unchanged. TIMP-2 was upregulated in HCAEC but not in HITAEC. sTNF RI was expressed only in HCAEC. According to gene expression analysis, HCAEC exposed to MMC are characterized by the increased mRNA level of IL-8, MCP-1 and IP-10; decreased expression of TIMP-2 and no differences in the expression of MIF, MIP-1β and PDGFB compared to the control. In HITAEC, increased mRNA level of IL-8 and IP-10; decreased expression of MIF and TIMP-2, no differences in the expression of MCP-1, MIP-1β and PDGFB was shown. TNF-RI expression was not detected in both cell lines. Thus, genotoxic stress in endothelial cells induced by MMC leads to differential inflammatory response that can trigger endothelial dysfunction.
Clinical dimensions of hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy in terms of severity and hospital outcome
Authors: Panda Sibaram , Sharma Sunil K. , Panda Mayadhar
Published: November 2022

Background: Hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy [HNDC/DCM (ND-H)] is a recently proposed (by ESC, 2016) subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is characterized by the absence of left ventricular (LV) dilatation despite of global LV systolic dysfunction. Knowledge regarding clinical severity and outcomes of patients with DCM (ND-H) is very limited. Objective of the study was to evaluate clinical severity and hospital outcome of patients with HNDC [DCM (ND-H)].Methods: Total 1248 admitted patients with primary DCM were finalized as study participants considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study participants were categorized into two groups depending on presence or absence of LV dilatation. 411 (32.9%) patients without any LV dilatation included in group A [HNDC/DCM (ND-H) group] and 837 (67.1%) patients with LV dilatation included in group B [DCM (D-H) group]. Data with respect to clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic findings and disease outcome of patients compared statistically between the two groups.Conclusions: HNDC [DCM (ND-H)] is a subclinical subtype, which represents 1/3rd population of DCM. Apart from absence of cardiomegaly, typical clinical signs, electrocardiographic abnormalities, from which we can suspect heart disease, were less prevalent in patients with DCM (ND-H). Therefore, patient most often miss the diagnosis till the advance stage. Non cardiac co-morbidities along with late diagnosis can be important contributing factors for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with DCM (ND-H) comparable to the DCM (D-H) counterpart.
A comparison of surgical techniques in the management of patients with choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an Australian experience
Authors: Wong Pearl , Diab Jason , Gaszynski Rafael , Lambrakis Paul , Apostolou Christos
Published: November 2022

Background: Optimal management of patients with gallstones and concomitant choledocholithiasis has been a longstanding dilemma. Advancements in laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques have enabled multiple options for management. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of different procedures for choledocholithiasis in patients requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the emergency setting of a large tertiary Australian hospital.Methods: A retrospective review of patients requiring emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy who were also treated for choledocholithiasis was conducted at Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales. Patients were allocated into three groups: pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecyst-ectomy at index admission, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative biliary stent placement followed by interval ERCP and stent removal, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative bile duct exploration. The primary outcome assessed was bile duct clearance rate. The secondary outcomes included complication rates, number of procedures performed, total operative time, length of stay (LOS) and cost.Results: A total of 96 patients were included. Primary outcome was no different between the three groups and there was no significant difference between post-operative complications. However, LOS was shorter in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative bile duct exploration by three days compared to the other two groups.Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative bile duct exploration has similar outcomes and complication rates to other techniques and may be associated with a shorter LOS and lower costs.
Expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Solanki Prashant
Published: November 2022

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a spectrum of liver injuries caused due to harmful use of alcohol. It is the primary cause of liver disease and is responsible for around 4% of mortality worldwide. ALD progresses from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis depending upon risk factors, such as continued alcohol consumption or comorbid liver diseases. Screening and diagnosis are suggested for patients with histological symptoms and in high-risk populations. Management of ALD includes strategies such as abstinence from alcohol consumption, nutrition therapy, pharmacological therapy, and liver transplantation, with alcohol abstinence being the most beneficial to reverse fatty liver conditions. Various novel treatment approaches having distinct mechanisms of action are also developed besides conventional corticosteroid therapy, which include microbiota-based precision medicine, monoclonal antibody therapy, hepatocyte regeneration therapy, epigenetic modulators, liver degeneration boosters, and targeting the gut-liver axis. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has shown to benefit ALD patients with cholestasis by exerting biochemical improvements; hence, it can be considered as an adjunct therapy. National and regional advisory board meetings were conducted to discuss the current diagnostic and management techniques, including existing and novel pharmacological treatments available for ALD along with current clinical practices in India.
The study of co-morbid conditions in various stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mullangi Susritha , Durga Prasanna Sabharapu L V , Pratyusha Raj Midde , Varre Mounika
Published: November 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem affecting 10% of the adult population worldwide. In CKD, Multimorbidity is common which mainly includes hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases. So, there is a need to find out the effect of multi-morbidity on renal outcomes.

The main objective is to study the impact of comorbidities on renal outcomes.

Overall 80 patients with comorbidities were enrolled in the study. The Study was conducted in inpatients with CKD of General Medicine department of age greater than 30 years of both genders were included.

Hypertension and CKD have a high prevalence amongst the population with stage 3-5 CKD in our study. As per our study Diabetes is the most common cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). This study shows higher prevalence of CKD among males (61.25%) than females (38.75%). This cross-sectional study estimated that prevalence of CKD is highest among 40-49 years (32.5%) and lowest among >70 years (11.25%). There is significant association between smoking and CKD.

Our study revealed that patients with Diabetes and HTN who are found to have proteinuria are very likely to have CKD. Our study suggested that early detection and management of underlying causes may help to slow down the progression of CKD. Patients with multi-morbidity should take care by performing early screening for proteinuria and kidney function tests.
Formulation and evaluation of guava leaf extract gel for mouth ulcer management
Authors: Patil Vrushali , Shivsharan Utkarsha , Patil Ravikant
Published: November 2022

The highlight of this study was preparation of microparticles using the extract of guava leaves which led to novel drug delivery of the herbal extract.

The aim of the study was to formulate a microparticles loaded gel for management of mouth ulcer.

The microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method using the polymer, oil and liquid phase. Then the preparation of gel base was done with incorporation of microparticles. The evaluation of the microparticles and the gel was done.

This study is an effort to develop a herbal gel for mouth ulcers offering better compatibility and lesser discomfort. We used Psidium guajava leaf extract microparticles for the preparation of gel. The gel formulations prepared were transparent and homogeneous within the pH range of 6 to 6.8. The formulation showed acceptable spreadability, extrudability and rheological properties. The formulation showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and E coli. Therefore, developed formulations have the potential to treat mouth ulcers.

The Psidium gujava leaf extract microparticles loaded gel is a good mucoadhesive gel for mouth ulcer management. Therefore, herbal ingredients can be used for novel drug delivery and make it safe for administration with lesser risk of adverse reactions.
Phytocompounds curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol modulate lactate pyruvate level in U87 glioma cells
Authors: Debata Priya Ranjan , Sahoo Amrita
Published: November 2022

Even when there is enough oxygen available, cancer cells meet their energy requirements by increasing glucose intake, glycolysis rate, and lactate generation. Otto Warburg proposed this process, which is known as the Warburg effect. A recent method of drug discovery includes developing medications that interfere with glucose consumption and aerobic glycolysis, or lactate production in cancer cells. Curcumin (C), Quercetin (Q), Ellagic acid (E), and Resveratrol (R) were examined in U87 cells for their ability to induce cytotoxicity at certain concencentrtions, as well as modulate lactate-pyruvate metabolism.

All the tested compounds and their combinations such as C+E, C+Q, C+R and Q+R have exhibited, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against U87 Glioma cells. Besides, the compounds and their the combination (except ellagic acid) have modulated glucose intake, lactate-pyruvate, and NADH/NAD ratio in U87 Glioma cells.

: Phytocompounds those modulate cellular metabolism in cancer cells are currently unknown. Our findings imply that the phytocompounds used in the study are involved in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming and have cytotoxic properties. These substances could be used for prevention and treating cancer.