bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preschool Vision Screening: Prevalence and Associated Factors of Amblyopia among School Going Children in Dhaka City
Authors: Chowdhury Shahed Haider , Ahmed Jamal Nizamuddin
Published: April 2024

Background: Amblyopia is a decrease in best-corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes due to form deficiency or abnormal binocular interaction. It affects infancy and adulthood for the individual and society as a whole. Amblyopia affects academic success, career choice, visuomotor skills, social interaction, psychological development, and economic participation. Unilateral amblyopia increases the likelihood of bilateral vision loss. Ocular media opacity, strabismus, anisometropia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, myopia, and blepharoptosis are risk factors for amblyopia. Ocular screening programs in young children, primarily preschoolers, may detect amblyopia and amblyogenic risk factors like as strabismus, refractive errors, and media opacities early. It prevents and treats amblyopia. It helps children's emotional growth. Diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia at a younger age may result in a better and more stable final VA because to shorter treatment durations, faster VA improvement, and greater treatment adherence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine Preschool vision screening, prevalence and associated factors of amblyopia among school going children in Dhaka city. Methods and Material: Between January 1 and June 30, 2022, a cross-sectional survey of a community of Dhaka city residents in the school age range was carried out. Through interviews and physical exams, data were gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist. Using SPSS 23, descriptive and inferential analysis was performed, and variables with a p value of less than 0.2 were included into multivariate logistic regression. In the multivariable binary logistic regression, significant predictors were defined as variables with a p value of < 0.05. Result: Majority of the student are of 4-5 years age, among the participant 50.8% were male and 45.8% were female. Study showed that majority of the family has 1-2 (49.5%) and 3-4 (45.3%) children. Majority of the mother .......
Using Balanced Scorecard to Evaluate Overall Performance of Social Security Fund in Benghazi – Libya
Authors: Alrafadi Khalad M. S.
Published: April 2024

The study aims to evaluate overall performance of Social Security Fund in city of Benghazi – Libya. The study population included the employees at Social Security Fund at East Benghazi branch for the period from February 2024 to March 2024. The data for this study were collected by distributing a questionnaire form on a random sample of the study population. The study has only one variable balanced scorecard with its perspectives (Financial, Customer, Internal Processes and Learning and Innovation perspective). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was also used to analyze the data obtained. Results showed that there is a high percentage using of all perspectives of the balanced scorecard in the Social Security Fund East Benghazi Branch, In addition, the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the respondents’ responses regarding the degree of using the balanced scorecard as a tool to evaluate the overall performance of the Social Security Fund East Benghazi Branch, due to personal data (gender, age, qualification, years of service and job title). The study suggested that supporting and adopting the balanced scorecard as a tool for evaluating the overall performance of the Social Security Fund East Benghazi Branch, and need to enhance interest in using the perspectives of the balanced scorecard as a tool for overall performance evaluation.
Background of Second-Order Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Abalgaduir Alaa , Ahmed Ehssan , Mohamed Asma , Alwasilaa Shima
Published: April 2024

The differential equations, usually the goal is to find a solution. In other words, we want to find a function (or functions) that satisfies the differential equation. The technique we use to find these solutions varies, depending on the form of the differential equation with which we are working. Second-order differential equations have several important characteristics that can help us determine which solution method to use. In this section, we examine some of these characteristics and the associated terminology. An equation containing the derivatives of one or more dependent variables, with respect to one or more independent variables, is said to be a differential equation (DE).
Free Undamped Motion in Spring Mass System
Authors: Ahmed Ehssan , Abalgaduir Alaa , Yagoub Safwa , Mohamed Asma , Alwasilaa Shima
Published: April 2024

Assume that a mass m is fastened to the free end of a flexible spring that is hanging vertically from a rigid support [5]. Naturally, the mass of the spring will determine how much it stretches or elongates; different weight masses will stretch the spring in different ways. The spring itself exerts a restoring force F that is proportional to the amount of elongation s and opposed to the direction of elongation, according to Hooke's law. Put simply. When a mass m is connected to a spring, the mass extends the spring by a certain amount, reaching an equilibrium where the restoring force ks balances the mass W. Remember that [6] defines weight. w = mg (0.3.1) the condition of equilibrium is mg = −ks (0.3.2) or mg − ks = 0 (0.3.3) In the event that the mass deviates from its equilibrium position by an amount x, the spring's restoring force is equal to k(x + s). We can associate Newton's second rule with the net, or resultant, force of the restoring force and the weight W is balanced by the restoring force ks, provided that there are no retarding forces operating on the system and that[6] the mass vibrates free of other external forces—free motion. Remember that [6] defines weight. (ⅆ^2 x)/(ⅆt^2 )= -k(s + x) + mg (0.3.5) = −kx + mg − ks = −kx (0.3.5) The spring's restoring force works in the opposite direction of motion, as shown by the negative sign. Additionally, we follow the tradition that displacements recorded in positive values below the equilibrium position [6].
Studi Kualitatif Pengaruh Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence Terhadap Efisiensi Manajemen Kantor Hukum Berbasis Virtual Office
Authors: Darmowiyoto Rizkiyadi , Sirait Tongam
Published: April 2024

Pemanfaatan tenaga kerja fisik membutuhkan biaya gaji dan tunjangan yang berkelanjutan yang langsung mempengaruhi laba bersih perusahaan. Penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dengan tetap menjaga efektifitas manajemen perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan AI terhadap efektivitas dan efisiensi pada manajemen kantor hukum berbasis virtual office. Jumlah responden adalah 5 orang meliputi managing partner, senior associate, lawyer, paralegal, dan office manager yang bekerja di kantor hukum X di Jakarta Selatan. Para responden memiliki pengalaman terhadap AI dan manajemen kantor hukum (baik itu konvensional maupun virtual office). Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan teknik fenomenologi. Hal yang ditanyakan meliputi penghematan biaya, produktivitas, kepuasan klien, kepuasan karyawan, efisiensi, komunikasi, dan keamanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI memberikan pengaruh efektif dan efisien terhadap manajemen kantor hukum sehingga biaya operasional dapat ditekan. Virtual Office memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengurangan biaya operasional kantor terutama dalam biaya sewa. Oleh karenanya manajemen kantor hukum akan sangat terbantu dengan AI dan sistem virtual office. Kualitas pelayanan tetap terjaga dan klien mendapatkan biaya yang lebih terjangkau karena kantor hukum bisa menghemat biaya operasionalnya.
Sindrom Stevens Johnson pada Pasien dengan HIV Reaktif
Authors: Novriana Dita Eka , Mochtar Moerbono
Published: April 2024

Sindrom Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) dan Nekrolisis Epidermal Toksik (NET) adalah hipersensitivitas akibat obat yang bersifat akut dan dapat mengancam nyawa. Infeksi HIV/AIDS merupakan faktor predisposisi terjadinya SSJ dan NET. Terapi SSJ dan NET bersifat suportif dan simtomatik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang tatalaksana SSJ dan NET pada seorang pasien dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kasus terhadap seorang wanita usia 29 tahun dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS yang mengalami SSJ dan NET setelah mengonsumsi ARV. Pasien telah terdiagnosa dengan infeksi HIV dan telah mengonsumsi ARV yaitu nevirapin, lamivudin dan zidovudin sejak Oktober 2019. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik pasien ini didapatkan bula yang telah pecah, krusta hemoragik, erosi dan pelepasan epidermis. Tatalaksana pada pasien ini yaitu metilprednisolon intravena 62.5mg/24jam kemudian di tapering off, medikasi dengan kompres NaCl 0.9% selama 10-15 menit kemudian oles salep triamsinolon asetonida 0.1% pada area erosi di mukosa bibir diberikan 2x sehari dan gentamisin salep pada area erosi di tubuh 2x sehari. Sindrom Stevens-Johnson dan Nekrolisis Epidermal Toksik ditandai dengan adanya makula pupurik, bula, lesi target atipikal dan pelepasan epidermis. Obat yang diketahui sering menyebabkan SSJ dan NET pada pasien dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS adalah nevirapin. Pasien dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS memiliki kerentanan yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami SSJ dan NET. Kortikosteroid sistemik, imunoglobulin intravena dan terapi imunosupresif lainnya dapat digunakan untuk kasus ini. Sindrom Stevens-Johnson merupakan hipersensitivitas akibat obat yang sering terjadi pada infeksi HIV/AIDS. Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh ARV seperti nevirapin.
Automated Drying of Moringa Leaves Using an Arduino Uno Microcontroller
Authors: Dethan Jemmy J. S.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to explore how to design and implement the use of a DHT11 sensor with Arduino in a moringa leaf dryer for temperature and humidity control. The device design process involves the preparation of all necessary equipment and the creation of Arduino source code. This code makes connections between the Arduino uno, DHT11 sensor, LCD display, relay and fan using jumper cables, allowing the results obtained to be displayed on the LCD screen. Temperature and humidity are monitored at 15 minute intervals over a 7 hour period and the fan is automatically activated in the event of temperature fluctuations during each drying phase. The research results show that the device design system includes hardware components such as the Arduino Uno and the DHT11 sensor, LCD display and fan. In addition, the software program for the monitoring system, initialised using the Arduino IDE, has been successfully designed and works effectively. Based on the equipment test results, the average moisture content of the Moringa leaves is 7.2% compared to the initial moisture content of 73%. These results underline the efficiency of the developed system in achieving the desired drying results.
Meningkatkan Upaya Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Melalui Penguatan Strategi Berbasis Komunitas: Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Chriswanto Alexander W. , Ayuningtyas Dumilah , Karima Khaula
Published: April 2024

Manajemen penanggulangan TB berbasis komunitas memiliki dampak positif terhadap capaian program penanggulangan TB. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) telah menyusun kerangka strategi terkait peningkatan peran serta komunitas dan masyarakat dalam upaya penanggulangan TB yang diharapkan dapat diterapkan dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi unik tiap kelompok masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bukti mengenai beragam intervensi manajemen penanggulangan TB berbasis komunitas. Penelitian ini melakukan tinjauan literatur sistematis menggunakan database ProQuest, Embase dan PubMed untuk menemukan artikel yang berkaitan dan diterbitkan dalam rentang lima tahun terakhir. Model PRISMA digunakan untuk menyaring judul dan abstrak, sehingga dari 198 total artikel yang ditemukan, didapatkan 13 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Kegiatan atau program penanggulangan TB yang melibatkan komunitas dan masyarakat secara langsung akan meningkatkan angka capaian program penanggulangan TB dari tahap pencegahan sampai hasil akhir pengobatan. Kesimpulannya, pemerintah perlu merancang strategi penanggulangan TB berbasis komunitas yang efektif dan komprehensif agar masyarakat dapat ikut berperan aktif dalam upaya penanggulangan TB dan mendapatkan hasil yang berkelanjutan.
Perubahan Pemanfaatan Ruang dan Dampaknya Terhadap Penurunan Lingkungan Danau Tondano di Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Karouw Claryta Jeanette Vabiolla , Soeryanto Soeryanto
Published: April 2024

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk telah mendorong permintaan akan fasilitas publik dan properti di Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara, menyebabkan kepemilikan tanah dan properti meningkat sementara lahan yang tersedia terus berkurang. Pertumbuhan ini didorong oleh pembangunan fisik yang intens di berbagai sektor, baik oleh pemerintah, swasta, maupun masyarakat, yang mengubah pemanfaatan lahan di sekitar Danau Tondano. Tantangan muncul karena pergeseran fungsi lahan dari tujuan semula menjadi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dampak perubahan pemanfaatan lahan terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan dan masyarakat di Kabupaten Minahasa. Metode penelitian melibatkan analisis deskriptif dan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan terkait, serta pemetaan perubahan pemanfaatan lahan. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya pergeseran signifikan dalam penggunaan lahan di sekitar Danau Tondano, dengan peningkatan pembangunan fisik yang memengaruhi ekosistem dan keberlangsungan lingkungan. Kesimpulannya, peningkatan permintaan akan fasilitas publik dan properti telah mendorong perubahan dramatis dalam pemanfaatan lahan di Kabupaten Minahasa, yang memerlukan perencanaan yang cermat untuk menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.

Pemanfaatan Lahan
Polymer-Based Composite as a Local Drug Delivery System for Periodontitis Therapy: A Brief Review
Authors: Dewi Agustina , Herda Ellyza , Sunarso Sunarso
Published: April 2024

Periodontitis is a common chronic oral disease which if left untreated may cause mobility to loss of teeth. Periodontitis is local infection so a therapy using a local drug delivery system was more convenient than a conventional drug delivery system because the probability of side effects emergent is bigger. There are some drug delivery system types in periodontitis therapy and basically, these systems are using a polymer as a matrix by inserting a therapeutic agent into it so creating a composite structure. This study aims to provide a brief review of polymer-based composites utilized as local drug delivery systems for periodontitis therapy. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather information on the various types of polymer-based composites employed in periodontitis therapy. Key aspects such as polymer selection, drug loading methods, and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed. The results show Polymer-based composites have shown significant potential as effective local drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment. The choice of polymer matrix, drug incorporation techniques, and release kinetics play crucial roles in determining the therapeutic outcomes. Various polymers, including biodegradable and non-biodegradable ones, have been explored for their suitability in this application, with promising results reported in preclinical and clinical studies.
Pengembangan Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Canva pada Matakuliah Jaringan Komputer
Authors: Ekowati Maria Atik Sunarti , Dananti Kristyana , Wening Sri , Ningrum Erlina Dyah Puspita
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian dimasa pasca pandemi Covid-19 adalah Pengembangan Media Video Animasi Pembelajaran Dengan Aplikasi Canva Pada Matakuliah Jaringan Komputer, diperlukan instrumen angket tertutup dengan jenis data kuantitatif. Angket ini disebarkan melalui google formulir. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari 72 peserta didik menyatakan, 90% setuju menggunakan media video animasi berbasis aplikasi canva yang sangat menarik viturnya, 90% peserta didik menyatakan butuh serta setuju memakai media video animasi berbasis aplikasi canva yang memiliki fitur bagus dan 83,4% peserta didik mengatakan perlu memakai media video aplikasi Canva dalam proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada matakuliah jaringan komputer. Berdasarkan penelitian bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa harus ada pengembangan media video animasi berbasis aplikasi canva pada proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada matakuliah jaringan computer. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari pengembangan metode pembelajaran ini adalah Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Berbasis Canva Pada Mata Kuliah Jaringan Komputer.
Penerapan Metode Multi Objective Optimazion on The Basic Of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) pada Pengambilan Keputusan Penentuan Jurusan bagi Siswa Kelas X Reguler di SMA Negeri 1 Cawas
Authors: Wulandari Fera Tri , Noviana Noviana , Wuryandari Aryati
Published: April 2024

Senior High School (SMA) is a secondary education level in formal education in which there are majors so that students are more focused on one form of learning group according to their interests and potential. SMA Negeri 1 Cawas often experiences time constraints in carrying out the student majoring process, this is caused by a lack of facilities that can help schools to simplify and speed up the student majoring process so that reports that should have been made are still being processed.

The decision support system was created to facilitate the determination of major classes and speed up the process of dividing majors. Data processing in this study uses the MOORA method. This system processes student data, criteria data, value data, and department data. With this system, it can be used as an alternative to help schools to make it easier in the process of determining and classifying major classes and speeding up the process of dividing student majors.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Prioritas Utama Pengadaan Stok Barang Menggunakan Metode WASPAS (Studi Kasus : Pondok Roso Pool & Resto )
Authors: Wulandari Fera Tri
Published: April 2024

Pondok Roso Pool & Resto puts all the items in the warehouse and records the entry and exit transactions. The stock system that runs on Pondok Roso Pool & Resto has a problem in the procurement process. The process of procuring goods at the agency is not only based on the final stock, but also assesses the purchase price of the supplier for each item and assesses whether the item is sold or not to visitors. This of course makes it difficult for management to determine the procurement of stock of goods because of these factors. Errors in the procurement of goods of course result in losses if the goods that have been purchased apparently can’t sell well. There is a solution, namely by designing a decision support system for procurement of stock using the WASPAS method. Simple additive weight method is a weighted sum method that can provide predictions for decision making based on data. The author uses this method because based on several studies can determine the results and ranking of the problems encountered. The system that will be designed by the author can help the agency in determining the ranking of each item to be procured in stock, so that at least be able to help management in making decisions about the items to be purchased.
Interplay Between Cognition and Emotion: Unravelling the Mind Complexity
Authors: Uniyal Saurav
Published: April 2024

To understand human behavior and mental health, one must understand the complex interplay between cognition and emotion. The cognitive processes of perception, attention, memory, and decision-making, as well as the affective states, mood, and subjective experiences associated with emotions, are often regarded as distinct entities. However, new research shows that cognitive processes are strongly linked to emotional experiences and vice versa. To comprehend the complex relationship between cognition and emotion, this research article examines its importance, mechanisms, and prospective effects on psychological well-being. The complex relationship between cognition and emotion is examined using dual-process theories, appraisal theory, embodied cognition, and neurocognitive models. According to this study, attentional biases and cognitive reappraisal alter emotional experiences and reactions. It explores how emotional states affect cognitive performance, notably attention allocation, memory encoding, and decision-making. This study also investigates the neurological systems that link cognition and emotion, highlighting the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. To study cognitive-emotional relationships, neuroimaging, behavioral experiments, and computer modeling are used. By understanding the complex link between cognition and emotion, this research advances strategies to improve cognitive-emotional dysregulation and mental health. The utilization of conclusions can serve to elucidate psychopathology, formulate therapeutic approaches, and foster resilience in the face of adversity. The examination of the relation between cognition and emotion holds significant importance in comprehending human behavior and mental well-being, and this research delves into this subject comprehensively.
Early childhood preservice teachers’ knowledge of micro-organisms and cystitis
Authors: Ortuzar-Iragorri Arritokieta , Uskola Araitz , Zamalloa Teresa
Published: April 2024

Health literacy should be developed from early ages, but students, including preservice teachers, hold misconceptions about micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to analyse the knowledge that a sample of 102 Early Childhood Preservice Teachers (PST) had about micro-organisms and about cystitis. The PSTs performed a series of activities that included an inquiry-based laboratory activity. Their knowledge about micro-organisms was assessed by pre- and post- questionnaires, and about cystitis, by analysing the responses to an open-ended pretest, the inquiry reports and the performance of the PSTs when changing nappies on dolls. Results show a better understanding about the micro-organisms at the end of the study. In the case of cystitis, in the pretest PSTs did not identify bacteria as agents, but they did after the inquiry activity, and they also mentioned the proliferation of bacteria. Nevertheless, only 32% of PSTs changed nappies coherently with the knowledge.
FRAUD DETECTION IN UPI TRANSACTIONS USING ML
Authors: J. Kavitha  , G. Indira  , A. Anil kumar  , A. Shrinita  , D. Bappan
Published: April 2024

Significant obstacles to financial security have arisen as a result of the quick uptake of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) for online transactions and a commensurate rise in fraudulent activity. This paper suggests a novel fraud detection method that makes use of cutting-edge machine learning (ML) algorithms to address this urgent issue. It focuses on integrating a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) into the UPI transaction process. In order to enable the system to identify departures from these learnt behaviors as possibly fraudulent, the HMM is trained to predict the typical transaction patterns for particular cardholders. The suggested system uses a variety of contemporary approaches, such as Kmeans Clustering, Auto Encoder, Local Outlier Factor, and artificial neural networks, to improve algorithmic diversity and flexibility to changing fraud patterns. In addition to addressing issues like test data creation for training and validation, the system emphasizes a heuristic approach to solving high-complexity computational problems, guaranteeing efficacy in a variety of settings. This study, which is positioned as a proactive and adaptable solution, emphasizes how crucial it is to stop UPI fraud and provides a thorough foundation for reliable fraud detection in the ever-changing world of online transactions.
Managerhaftung bei Unternehmenskrisen und -zusammenbrüchen - 11. Zürcher Tagung zur Verantwortlichkeit im Unternehmensrecht – Tagungsband 2022
Authors: Dedeyan Daniel , Dummermuth Patrick , Isler Peter R. , Schädler Karl , Sethe Rolf , Trölitzsch Thomas , Wüthrich Karl
Published: April 2024

Dieser Sammelband widmet sich Fragen der Unternehmenssanierung, des Konkurses, des Haftpflichtversicherungsschutzes sowie der Haftung für fehlerhafte Unternehmenskommunikation. Zudem enthält er zwei Referate mit rechtsvergleichendem Fokus auf das deutsche Recht, da der Dieselskandal die Grenzen des dortigen Verantwortlichkeitsrechts aufgezeigt hat.
FACILITATING THE APPLICATION OF STARCH PASTE IN THE CONSERVATION OF PAPER ARTWORKS
Authors:   Department of Calligraphy and Persian Miniature, Alzahra University, P.O. Code: 1993893973, Tehran, Iran, DADMOHAMADI Kobra
Published: April 2024

Starch paste is an adhesive that is used in the field of book and paper conservation. This adhesive has a very short shelf life, and for this reason, it must be prepared in small quantities. Also, preparing starch paste for use in protection is a time-consuming process. This research was done with the aim of facilitating the use of starch paste in the conservation of paper works, long-term storage of starch pastes without fungicidal additives and increasing its durability in the long term without changing the quality of the adhesive. The application of fresh starch pastes and activated starch film increased the pH of the samples coated by these adhesives compared to the control samples without adhesive. The samples covered by the activated starch film after moist-heat aging and light aging had the highest pH compared to other samples. The samples coated with fresh starch paste showed the lowest amount of color changes (∆E*) after moist-heat aging and light aging, respectively. Application of fresh starch paste and activated starch film increased the tensile strength of the samples. After aging, the tensile strength of the samples decreased compared to the previous stage, but the tensile strength of the samples covered by these adhesives increased compared to the control samples without adhesives. The adhesion of the samples decreased after aging. The samples coated with fresh starch paste had the highest adhesion after light aging. Also, after moist-heat aging, the samples covered by the activated starch film had the highest amount of adhesion.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT OF THE MOSAICS DECORATION
AT QASTAL PALACE
Authors:   School of Archaeology and Tourism, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdelh Street,
1942 Amman, Jordan, NASSAR Mohammad , TURSHAN Nizar ,   School of Archaeology and Tourism, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdelh Street,
1942 Amman, Jordan, ASFOUR Mazen ,   School of Arts and Design, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al- Abdelh Street,
11942 Amman, Jordan
Published: April 2024

The following research deals with Al-Qastal Palace, one of the most important early Islamic structures. It dates specifically to the Umayyad era in Jordan. Its floors are decorated with geometric mosaics, which were revealed during a series of archaeological excavations. These mosaics are characterized by a high level of artistic skill in their execution, particularly as evidenced by the great diversity in their shapes and designs. This study marks a serious attempt to compare the palace’s mosaics with their counterpart in Byzantine art as represented at various Byzantine sites, likewise, to show the influence of Byzantine models on Islamic mosaics. Our research suggests that there was a prevalent school of art that was widespread in the region. By comparing the mosaics with relatively nearby sites, we were able to arrive at a comprehensive overview of mosaic production in the region, and determine whether they all belong to a single school of art. A serious attempt is being made to identify the main sources of influence for Qasr al-Qastal, especially those coming from Asia Minor, but also from other places outside the region.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF GUM ARABIC PRODUCERS’ ASSOCIATIONS (GAPAS) IN REHABILITATION OF GUM ARABIC BELT: CASE OF NORTH AND WEST KORDOFAN STATES, SUDAN
Authors:   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan, ELZUBAIR Asma E.M. , YASIN Emad H. E. ,   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan; Institute of Gematics and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky,
Ut. 4, 9400 Sopron, Hungary, DAFA ALLA Dafa Alla M. ,   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan, SANJAK Elamin ,   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan
Published: April 2024

The research aimed to investigate the involvement of Gum Arabic Producers' Associations (GAPAs) in the rehabilitation of the gum Arabic belt in North and West Kordofan States, Sudan. Data were collected through social surveys of household heads, interviews, and observations, as well as remote sensing images from 1998, 2009, and 2020. Secondary data were obtained from different literature sources. The data were analysed using SPSS and ERDAS software. The results of the social survey showed that the establishment of GAPAs coincided with an increase in gum-producing trees, but GAPAs did not directly contribute to the rehabilitation process. Instead, the rehabilitation efforts were carried out through collaborations between the Forests National Corporation (FNC), multi-donor projects, and GAPAs. The remote sensing results showed changes in vegetation cover over the study period, with an increase in dense, moderate, and sparse vegetation cover classes. The research concluded that GAPAs have a significant impact on the enhancement of vegetation cover. External institutions played a role in the restocking of gum trees. It was recommended that GAPAs be strengthened through capacity building and the adoption of technology to improve gum production. FNC should encourage micro-financial institutions to support rehabilitation projects, utilise mapping to protect the gum gardens, and monitor the rehabilitation processes.
PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION TREATMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF POTTERY ARTIFACTS EXCAVATED FROM TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS,
LEPTIS, LIBYA
Authors:   Conservation of Archaeological Materials Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt, AHMED Saleh Mohamed
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a preliminary conservation treatment of four pottery fragments excavated at Leptis, Libya manufactured in varied shapes, sizes, and colours. Studied objects were unearthed as sherds from two different conditions. Determination of the deterioration rates and caused factors of the pottery objects was significant to take the correct decision for conservation treatment. Results demonstrate that marine environment was more deteriorate than sandy soil. This work aims to characterize the chemical structure of pottery objects in the original environment using functional analyses. Mechanical cleaning was the first aid and safe step of conservation procedures. Desalination treatment was used for the long-term stabilization of the excavated pottery; then, internal stresses was decreased. Immersion in distilled water was efficient for decreasing water-soluble salts as halite. Insoluble water-salts were removed mechanically and chemically using dilute hydrochloric acid. Colour and thickness of the potsherds were the clues for the classification for assembling using a PVAc/CN mixture (1:1). Completely reconstruction of the excavated sherds was undertaken for understanding the occupation of the objects, then they were preserved in the storage. After desalination and assembling, painted iron stands were prepared for displaying the treated objects.
REMOVAL OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE TAPES FROM VINTAGE SILVER GELATIN PRINTS USING SELECTED GEL-BASED SYSTEMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors:   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, WAHEEB Mirna , HASSAN Ola ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, MOHAMED Nada ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, AHMED Ghada ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, KAMAL Maggie ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, MILAD Madonna ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, GEORGE Madonna ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt, ALI Maha ,   Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613, Giza, Egypt
Published: April 2024

Historical photographs play a significant role as records, documenting the various stages of the history of Egypt and reflecting our identity and social, cultural, and religious values. Silver gelatin prints were the dominant positive printing processes in the 20th century. One of the most common forms of damage found among photographic collections is tears, which may result from improper handling and misuse, inappropriate storage, disasters, and other factors. In the past, tears were mended using pressure-sensitive tapes by amateurs and conservators. Over time, these tapes caused damage to the photographic surfaces since they oxidised, forming stains that are difficult and sometimes impossible to remove. Recently, many gel-based systems have been developed for use in the conservation of different cultural and historical materials, particularly paper artifacts. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of Klucel G and agar, as gel systems that are favoured by conservation specialists, in removing pressure-sensitive tapes from the surfaces of silver gelatin prints, as well as to study their effect on the photographs themselves. Organic solvents were added to the gel systems, and invaluable old photographs were used for this study. After treatment, samples were subjected to artificial ageing at a temperature of 80°C and 65% RH. Evaluation of the selected treatments was carried out through visual inspection, microscopic examination, colorimetric measurements, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that both gel-based systems with mixed organic solvents gave great results compared to the conventional methods in terms of tape removal. However, colour change was detected in the case of agar gel-treated samples. Agarose gel may be a more proper option.
IMPLEMENTATION OF BALINESE TRI HITA KARANA CONCEPT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION ARRANGEMENTS
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences Education, IKIP Saraswati, Tabanan, Indonesia, 82113, WIRYAWAN I Wayan
Published: April 2024

This article explores the application of the Balinese Tri Hita Karana concept in the context of land consolidation arrangements and environmental conservation of cultural heritage. The method which is used in this research is normative legal research by reflecting on the values contained in legal norms related to land consolidation in Bali using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a historical approach, and the case approach, then analyzed by descriptive analysis, evaluation, and argumentation techniques. The article analyses the legal and environmental implications of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in Bali., emphasizing the importance of sustainable use of limited and non-renewable resources. The article argues that land consolidation arrangements should consider the Tri Hita Karana concept and ensure the preservation of cultural heritage and environment environment. The report highlights the significance of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in shaping Bali's legal and environmental landscape.
NURSERY AREA FOR THE THREATENED GUIANA DOLPHIN, SOTALIA GUIANENSIS, ON THE NORTHEAST COAST OF BRAZIL
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente, Tecnologia e Sociedade (PPGATS), Av Francisco Mota, 572  –  Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró – RN, Brazil, 59625-900, SILVA Gessica Rafaelly Dantas da , MEDEIROS Maria Gabriela Fernandes Martins de ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Molecular (ECOMOL), Av Francisco Mota, 572  –  Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró – RN, Brazil, 59625-900, LUNARDI Vitor de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Molecular (ECOMOL), Av Francisco Mota, 572  –  Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró – RN, Brazil, 59625-900, LUNARDI Diana Gonçalves ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente (PRODEMA), Av Francisco Mota, 572  –  Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró – RN, Brazil, 59625-900
Published: April 2024

Cetacean calves are considered fragile and vulnerable, especially in the first year of life. To guarantee safety and increase the likelihood of survival, females with calves use habitats with unique characteristics, called nursery areas. In the present study, we investigated whether the Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis, considered a threatened species in Brazil, uses the Tibau do Sul Coastal Wildlife Reserve (REFAUTS) as a nursery area. We identified the Guiana dolphins through photographs and recorded the composition of the groups during the 41-day sampling period, between 2013 and 2019. We identified 17 adults/juveniles in the company of calves, five of which were recorded in three or more years of the study. The average size of the Guiana dolphin groups (mean±SE) was 2.4±0.08 individuals, ranging from 2 to 5 individuals (n = 98). Groups with calves were recorded in every year of the study and on 53.7% of the sampling days. A total of 35.8% of the Guiana dolphin groups had calves. These results suggest that REFAUTS is an important nursery area for Guiana dolphins on the Northeast coast of Brazil.
APPLICATION OF EDU-AGROTOURISM AND AGROFORESTRY: PATTERNS OF LAND USE ON CONSERVATION IN THE BUFFER AREA
Authors:   Department of Agrculture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Palu Muhammadiyah University, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia,  94118, JUMIYATI Sri , FRIMAWATY Evi ,   School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430
Published: April 2024

Sustainable development encompasses three fundamental dimensions, including the socio-cultural, economic, and ecological. Agroforestry seeks to achieve multifunctional, efficient, and environmentally sustainable production by replicating forest-like circumstances and employing management strategies that align with the cultural values of local people. The successful execution of this strategy is facilitated by the improvement of soil and microclimate conditions, which positively impact agricultural results. The Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) is an officially declared national park in the Central Sulawesi province of Indonesia. The location plays a crucial role in conserving Sulawesi Island's rich array of biological diversity. The research findings indicate that the flora variety within the TNLL region encompasses a wide range of botanical species, including diverse trees, resin-producing plants, rattan, orchids, and medicinal plants. The agroforestry patterns seen in the buffer region of the TNLL can be categorized as the agrisilviculture model. This model represents an agroforestry system that integrates plant and agricultural components, specifically non-wood species. The pattern under consideration encompasses several components, including tree plants such as cocoa, durian, cloves, and candlenuts, alongside agricultural components like corn, vegetables, and tubers. The historical trajectory of land utilization commenced with the indigenous communities who exercised stewardship over the vicinity surrounding TNLL, employing their indigenous knowledge and practices as a consequence of their successful adaptation to the prevailing natural circumstances. The utilization of natural resources by indigenous groups within national park regions for their daily necessities is frequently perceived as exerting strain on the protected landscape's ecological integrity and long-term viability.
THE EVALUATION OF COMPOSTED FOOD WASTE EFFECTS IN CONSERVING AND ENHANCING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF AZOLLA PINNATA
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia, HISSHAM Nur Fatin Nabila , KADIR Aeslina Abdul ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia, SARANI Noor Amira ,   Center for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia, HASSAN Ikhmal Haqeem ,   Faculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia, FADELI Muhamad Fahmi Aiman ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia, MAZLAN Siti Nurnajiha ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Compost has a significant conservation benefit for soils by increasing organic matter levels and enhancing soil fertility, thus positively influencing plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of utilizing different types of composted food waste to improve the growth performance of Azolla Pinnata. Composting mixed food waste (MFW), vegetable waste (VW), and fruit waste (FW) was conducted using the Takakura Composting Method, incorporating effective microorganisms (EM). Analysis of pH, temperature, moisture content, nutrient content (TN, TP, K), and heavy metal concentrations were done throughout the 30-day composting process. The Germination Index (GI) and Compost Quality Index (CQI) were employed to evaluate compost quality and phytotoxicity levels. Results demonstrated that all composted food waste samples met the criteria for high-quality compost, except for slight residual phytotoxicity observed in FW (GI of 79.3%). Notably, the integration of Azolla Pinnata with composted food waste significantly influenced the growth performance (biomass, relative growth rate and doubling time), with the most substantial enhancements of doubling time achieved using MFW treatments (1.94 days), followed by FW (2.02 days) and VW (2.07 days). This research underscores the potential for Azolla Pinnata integrated with composted food waste as a chemical-free fertilizer, offering promise for conservation efforts and sustainable agricultural practices.
METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF DUNHUANG WALL PAINTINGS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, WANG Shiru , SANDU Ion ,   Аcademy of Romanian Scientists AOSR, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; Аlecsandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Interdisciplinary Research Institute – Science Departament,
11 Carol I Bulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; National, IVASHKO Yulia ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, KRUPA Michał ,   Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland, KRUKOWIECKA-BRZĘCZEK Anna ,   Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland, YEVDOKIMOVA Tetiana ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, STAVROYANY Serhii ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, KRAVCHUK Oksana ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, SANDU Andrei Victor ,   Аcademy of Romanian Scientists AOSR, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of lasi, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 Iasi, Romania
Published: April 2024

This article examines the genesis of planning solutions and ceiling designs of Dunhuang cave shrines. Based on the methods of defining features, graphic-and-analytical and system-and-structural analysis, the spread of types of plans and ceilings from dynasty to dynasty has been traced. Using auxiliary methods of historical, mathematical, and comparative analysis, a general picture of the development of the planning structure and constructive schemes of Dunhuang shrines from the Northern Lian period to the Yuan period has been created. By counting the types of plans and ceilings in each period, a group of the most common types of plans was determined: with a combination of larger and smaller rectangles (where the smaller is the altar part of a square or rectangular shape), a plan in the form of a square with a protruding trapezoidal altar, an altar in outline close to a rectangle or trapezoids with rounded corners, a horizontally elongated plan rectangle, based on squares with protrusions. The most common type of ceiling is fu-dou-ding with modifications.
Prevention Of Hypertension Complications In Older Adults By Education and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques
Authors: Kristamuliana Kristamuliana , Buanasari Andi
Published: April 2024

Every older adult has a risk of suffering from chronic disease including hypertension. Older adults who live in Nursing Homes in Manado also have the same risk. The result of the study showed that there are 50% of older adults in Senja Cerah  Nursing Home and 30% of older adults in Damai Ranomuut nursing home suffering hypertension. Appropriate action is needed to solve this problem so that, the complications of hypertension can be prevented. The solution to this problem is education about hypertension and progressive muscle relaxation techniques exercise. This activity is divided into three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Preparations made include coordinating with the orphanage, preparing the place for activities, and preparing materials. The implementation of the activity is divided into two parts: education about hypertension and progressive muscle relaxation techniques exercise. The evaluation carried out are structural evaluation and process evaluation. Participants who participated in this activity totaled 24 older adults. The evaluations result showed that there is an increase in the knowledge of the older adults about hypertension after education and older adults are able to perform movements in progressive muscle relaxation technique exercise.
Die Kreuzigung ,,in eigenartig moderner Form“. Zu Detlev von Liliencrons Gedicht ,,Rabbi Jeschua“ (,,Golgatha“)
Authors: Schwab Hans-Rüdiger
Published: April 2024

Abstract Religiöse Transformationen sind ein Hauptmotiv der Literatur um 1900. Auf vielerlei Weise werden sie von dieser gespiegelt. Ergiebiges Anschauungsmaterial dafür bietet das Werk Detlev von Liliencrons, eines ihrer angesehensten Vertreter. Die Feinanalyse
seiner Fortschreibung des Genres ,Passionsgedicht‘ versucht freizulegen, von welch herausfordernder Relevanz der gekreuzigte Erlöser des Christentums und sein mögliches Geheimnis noch immer zu bleiben vermag. Zeitkritik verbindet sich hier mit anthropologischer Skepsis
und einer Sichtweise, die neuen soziologischen Theoriebildungen benachbart ist. Auch die Rolle des Künstlers wird einbezogen. Auf darstellender Ebene wechselt hart Realistisches mit Impressionistischem und Symbolischem. All diese Ausdifferenziertheiten zeigen nicht nur die Fruchtbarkeit
einer traditionellen Gattung religiöser Literatur an, sondern wirken noch immer bestehenden Verkürzungen des ästhetischen Diskurses von Liliencron entgegen.