bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Comparative Identification Method of Alkaloid and Flavonoid from Leaves of Spathodea Campanulata
Authors: Sabir Khan Mubasshera , Ayaz Ali Syed , Badruddoja Awais , Abdul Muqueet Ansari , Mashkoora Jabeen Momin
Published: April 2024

Spathodea campanulata is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. In this study, we present a comparative method for the identification of alkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of the plant. We employed a combination of extractive screening methods and microscopic examination to identify and differentiate these bioactive compounds. The results obtained from this study provide valuable insights into the phytochemical composition of this medicinal plant and contribute to the understanding of its therapeutic potential. The identified compounds can be further isolated and purified to assess their efficacy and safety profiles. In addition, the identified compounds could be subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate their potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In conclusion, this research not only contributes to the knowledge of the pharmacological properties of this plant but also paves the way for further research and development in the field of herbal medicine.
Differencing and Coadding JWST Images with Matched Point-spread Function
Authors: Hu Lei , Wang Lifan
Published: April 2024

We present an algorithm to derive difference images for data taken with JWST with matched point-spread functions (PSFs). It is based on the saccadic fast Fourier transform method but with revisions to accommodate the rotations and spatial variations of the PSFs. It allows for spatially varying kernels in B-spline form with separately controlled photometric scaling and Tikhonov kernel regularization for harnessing the ultimate fitting flexibility. We present this method using the JWST/NIRCam images of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 acquired in JWST Cycle 1 as the test data. The algorithm can be useful for time-domain source detection and differential photometry with JWST. It can also coadd images of multiple exposures taken at different field orientations. The coadded images preserve the sharpness of the central cores of the PSFs, and the positions and shapes of the objects are matched precisely with B-splines across the field.
Spatial Relationship between CMEs and Prominence Eruptions during SC 24 and SC 25
Authors: Koleva Kostadinka , Gopalswamy Nat , Devi Pooja , Yashiro Seiji , Michalek Grzegorz
Published: April 2024

During their propagation, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and prominences sometimes display a nonradial motion. During the years after the solar minimum, the CME central position angle tended to be offset closer to the equator compared to that of the associated prominence eruptions (PE). No such effect was observed during solar maximum. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the latitudinal offsets of CMEs with respect to their source regions. We study 256 events from SC 24 and SC 25, listed in the Coordinate Data Analysis Workshop Data Center. We analyzed the CMES radial offset from the associated PEs by comparing their latitudes in the plane of the sky. This work is an extension of the previous work by Gopalswamy et al., but with an independent data set. We have confirmed the systematic equatorward offset of CME from the solar source region for the rising phase of Solar Cycle 25. Our analysis of the relation between CME linear speed and PE-CME latitudinal offset indicated that the velocities of the deflected CMEs are mainly in the range of 200 and 800 km s−1. In this study, we compared the nonradial offsets for the rising and decay phases of SC 24 and our analysis has shown that during the decay phase more events deflected toward the pole can be observed. The observed variation is attributed to the presence of a substantial number of low-latitude coronal holes during the decay phase and to the influence from nearby active regions.
Shock Cooling and Breakout Emission for Optical Flares Associated with Gravitational-wave Events
Authors: Tagawa Hiromichi , Kimura Shigeo S , Haiman Zoltán , Perna Rosalba , Bartos Imre
Published: April 2024

The astrophysical origin of stellar-mass black hole (BH) mergers discovered through gravitational waves (GWs) is widely debated. Mergers in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent promising environments for at least a fraction of these events, with possible observational clues in the GW data. An additional clue to unveil AGN merger environments is provided by possible electromagnetic emission from postmerger accreting BHs. Associated with BH mergers in AGN disks, emission from shocks emerging around jets launched by accreting merger remnants is expected. Here we compute the properties of the emission produced during breakout and the subsequent adiabatic expansion phase of the shocks, and we then apply this model to optical flares suggested to be possibly associated with GW events. We find that the majority of the reported flares can be explained by breakout and shock cooling emission. If the optical flares are produced by shock cooling emission, they would display moderate color evolution, possibly color variations among different events, and a positive correlation between delay time and flare duration and would be preceded by breakout emission in X-rays. If the breakout emission dominates the observed lightcurve, we predict the color to be distributed in a narrow range in the optical band and the delay time from GW to electromagnetic emission to be longer than ∼2 days. Hence, further explorations of delay time distributions, flare color evolution, and associated X-ray emission will be useful to test the proposed emission model for the observed flares.
Solar Eruptions in Nested Magnetic Flux Systems
Authors: Karpen Judith T. , Kumar Pankaj , Wyper Peter F. , DeVore C. Richard , Antiochos Spiro K.
Published: April 2024

The magnetic topology of erupting regions on the Sun is a key factor in the energy buildup and release, and the subsequent evolution of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The presence/absence of null points and separatrices dictates whether and where current sheets form and magnetic reconnection occurs. Numerical simulations show that energy buildup and release via reconnection in the simplest configuration with a null, the embedded bipole, is a universal mechanism for solar eruptions. Here we demonstrate that a magnetic topology with nested bipoles and two nulls can account for more complex dynamics, such as failed eruptions and CME–jet interactions. We investigate the stalled eruption of a nested configuration on 2013 July 13 in NOAA Active Region 11791, in which a small bipole is embedded within a large transequatorial pseudo-streamer containing a null. In the studied event, the inner active region erupted, ejecting a small flux rope behind a shock accompanied by a flare; the flux rope then reconnected with pseudo-streamer flux and, rather than escaping intact, mainly distorted the pseudo-streamer null into a current sheet. EUV and coronagraph images revealed a weak shock and a faint collimated outflow from the pseudo-streamer. We analyzed Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory observations and compared the inferred magnetic evolution and dynamics with three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of a simplified representation of this nested fan-spine system. The results suggest that the difference between breakout reconnection at the inner null and at the outer null naturally accounts for the observed weak jet and stalled ejection. We discuss the general implications of our results for failed eruptions.
Large-scale Structures in COSMOS2020: Evolution of Star Formation Activity in Different Environments at 0.4 < z < 4
Authors: Taamoli Sina , Mobasher Bahram , Chartab Nima , Darvish Behnam , Weaver John R. , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Casey Caitlin M. , Sattari Zahra , Brammer Gabriel , Capak Peter L. , Ilbert Olivier , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , McCracken Henry J. , Moneti Andrea , Sanders David B. , Scoville Nicholas , Steinhardt Charles L. , Toft Sune
Published: April 2024

To study the role of environment in galaxy evolution, we reconstruct the underlying density field of galaxies based on COSMOS2020 (The Farmer catalog) and provide the density catalog for a magnitude-limited (K

s
< 24.5) sample of ∼210,000 galaxies at 0.4 < z < 5 within the COSMOS field. The environmental densities are calculated using a weighted kernel density estimation approach with the choice of a von Mises–Fisher kernel, an analog of the Gaussian kernel for periodic data. Additionally, we make corrections for the edge effect and masked regions in the field. We utilize physical properties extracted by LePhare to investigate the connection between star formation activity and the environmental density of galaxies in six mass-complete subsamples at different cosmic epochs within 0.4 < z < 4. Our findings confirm a strong anticorrelation between star formation rate (SFR)/specific SFR (sSFR) and environmental density out to z ∼ 1.1. At 1.1 < z < 2, there is no significant correlation between SFR/sSFR and density. At 2 < z < 4, we observe a reversal of the SFR/sSFR–density relation such that both SFR and sSFR increase by a factor of ∼10 with increasing density contrast, δ, from −0.4 to 5. This observed reversal at higher redshifts supports the scenario where an increased availability of gas supply, along with tidal interactions and a generally higher star formation efficiency in dense environments, could potentially enhance star formation activity in galaxies located in rich environments at z > 2.
UPCluster-SZ: The Updated Catalog of Galaxy Clusters from the List of Planck Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Sources
Authors: Bahk Hyeonguk , Hwang Ho Seong
Published: April 2024

We present the updated galaxy cluster catalog of the second Planck catalog of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich sources (PSZ2) through the compilation of the data for clusters and galaxies with spectroscopically measured redshifts in the literature. The original version of PSZ2 comprises 1653 Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) sources, of which 1203 have been validated as genuine galaxy clusters, while the remaining 450 sources are yet to be validated. To increase the number of genuine clusters in PSZ2, we first update the validations of the cluster candidates and their redshift information using the data compiled for the confirmed clusters and the member galaxies in the literature. We then use the galaxy redshift data in the fields of the remaining cluster candidates by searching for possible member galaxies with measured spectroscopic redshifts around the SZ centroids. In this search process, we classify clusters as strong candidates if they contain more than nine galaxies within a 4500 km s−1 velocity range and within 15′ around the SZ centroids. This process results in the validation of 139 new genuine clusters, the update of redshift information on 399 clusters, and the identification of 10 strong candidates, which increases the number of validated clusters up to 1334 among the 1653 SZ sources. Our updated galaxy cluster catalog will be very useful for studies of galaxy formation and cosmology through a combination with other all-sky surveys including the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and SPHEREx.
Générations hip-hop
Authors: Djakouane Aurélien , Jesu Louis
Published: April 2024

Si comme le rappelle Eliot Freidson (1986), les professions artistiques posent un défi à l’analyse sociologique, c’est encore plus vrai des milieux peu institutionnalisés, issus des cultures populaires, comme la danse hip-hop. L’observation de l’évolution des identités professionnelles des danseurs de hip-hop offre donc une perspective intéressante pour comprendre les mutations à l’œuvre dans cet univers artistique : démultiplication de l’activité, voisinage du public et du privé, évolution des formes de transmission et de collaboration artistiques, métamorphoses des lieux de pratique ordinaire et effacement des liens avec les quartiers populaires (Jésu, 2016). Le propos de cet article est d’analyser les déterminants qui pèsent sur la manière dont on se revendique danseur de hip-hop au fil des générations et d’éclairer les différentes dimensions qui participent à construire cette identité artistique. Ce faisant, il s’agira, par cet exemple, d’illustrer les processus d’institutionnalisation des arts populaires et les enjeux pour la survie des artistes qui en sont issus, tout comme l’émergence d’un nouveau rapport au travail.
Conduites de valuation chez John Dewey
Authors: Gautier Claude
Published: April 2024

En partant principalement de la Théorie de la valuation [1939], il s’agira, d’une part, de rappeler les principaux contours de la théorie des valeurs chez Dewey – qui relève pleinement de l’analyse empiriste, contre la position de l’empirisme logique incarnée ici par A. Ayer – et, d’autre part, de montrer que cette théorie permet, de manière originale, de reconstruire le continuum du biologique au social. Il s’agira de montrer qu’une « politique des valeurs » est possible parce que leur naturalisation, c’est-à-dire leur ancrage dans les désirs et les intérêts, en permet la discutabilité. La tension entre nature et histoire délimite alors un espace propre à la critique des valeurs.
Protéger tout le monde, la mission impossible du CICR pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Picciaredda Stefano
Published: April 2024

Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge de Genève élabore le droit international humanitaire et accomplit sur le terrain des missions humanitaires. Son ambition est d’intervenir pour protéger toutes les victimes de la guerre. Mais pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, cet objectif se heurte à la guerre totale, à la formule de reddition sans conditions, aux desseins d’extermination nazis. Cet article présente les principaux défis auxquels le Comité est confronté, les résultats paradoxaux de son action et la nature des relations avec le Reich allemand, toujours soucieux – aussi improbable que cela puisse sembler – de paraître respectueux des normes internationales.
Que faire ? Le CICR face au blocage des relations humanitaires avec l’URSS (1939-1945)
Authors: Herrmann Irène
Published: April 2024

Comment venir porter secours aux prisonniers de guerre contre la volonté des États ? Cette question s’est posée avec acuité au Comité international de la Croix-Rouge pendant le second conflit mondial, alors qu’il peine à (r)établir un contact durable avec l’Union soviétique. Car, contrairement à ce qu’aurait pu faire penser sa réputation (parfaitement justifiée) d’anticommunisme, le CICR tente tout, ou presque, pour renouer et maintenir des liens avec Moscou.
Au service du Saint-Siège et de la pratique religieuse : les aumôniers catholiques dans les camps d’internement du sud-ouest de la France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Desseigne Mélanie
Published: April 2024

Les pratiques cultuelles, qui peuvent offrir un refuge matériel et spirituel, ont accompagné les internés des camps du sud-ouest de la France durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les autorités religieuses, notamment le Saint-Siège, ont tenté d’organiser et de normaliser cette vie spirituelle et rituelle par l’intermédiaire des aumôniers. Intercesseurs pour le Vatican et faisant acte de prosélytisme par la pratique de la charité ou par le catéchisme, les aumôniers catholiques ont tenté de ramener les internés à une pratique religieuse régulière, allant même parfois jusqu’à provoquer des tensions, notamment avec certains aumôniers juifs.
Les parlementaires du Gabon au Grand Conseil de l’Afrique-Équatoriale française et l’expression du protonationalisme gabonais (1946-1959)
Authors: Essabe Ghislain Claude
Published: April 2024

Le Grand Conseil de l’Afrique-Équatoriale Française (1946-1959), regroupant les parlementaires de cet ensemble colonial, fut un espace de confrontation idéologique. En dépit de la communautarisation de la vie politique locale, cette assemblée fédérale constitua finalement un lieu d’expression du protonationalisme gabonais, fondé sur un sentiment d’injustice.
Entrée réussie de la Croatie dans la zone euro : une stratégie de change élevé en lien avec sa spécialisation dans le tourisme
Authors: Baulant Camille
Published: April 2024

Après une intégration à l’Union européenne en 2013, puis une adhésion au mécanisme de change européen (MCE) II en juillet 2022, la Croatie est devenue le 20ème État membre de la zone euro en janvier dernier. Cet article se propose, à partir du compte courant et du compte financier de ce pays, d’exposer comment ce dernier a réussi à rejoindre la zone euro. Nous présenterons, dans un premier temps, les conditions financières internationales de l’insertion de la Croatie, en analysant sa politique de taux de change et ses choix de spécialisation. Nous étudierons ensuite l’évolution de son niveau de vie et la soutenabilité des stratégies adoptées. Classification JEL : F14, F21, F32, F36, O11
Canaux de transmission des effets des envois de fonds des migrants sur la croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Amegnaglo Cocou Jaurès , Chabossou Augustin Foster , Benissan Bernard-Didier
Published: April 2024

Les envois de fonds des travailleurs migrants sont devenus le flux de financement le plus important de certains pays en développement. Cette étude a évalué l’influence des envois de fonds des migrants sur la croissance économique des États d’Afrique subsaharienne en mettant en exergue les canaux de transmission. Elle a utilisé les données de panel de 34 pays couvrant la période 2000-2020 à travers une approche de panel dynamique des GMM en système. Les résultats révèlent l’inexistence d’effet marginal des envois de fonds sur la croissance économique mais identifient comme canaux de transmission le développement financier et la qualité des institutions. En outre, les résultats montrent que ces deux canaux agissent comme des substituts aux envois de fonds. Il est donc recommandé des politiques économiques visant à faciliter les transferts financiers afin de palier des insuffisances du système financier et institutionnel. Classification JEL: F22, F24, O11, R11
La convergence impossible ?
Authors: Guigo Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Le gouvernement Michel Rocard, avec notamment comme ministre de l’Environnement Brice Lalonde, a marqué une volonté de rapprochement entre le PS et Les Verts. Mais l’aspect essentiellement technocratique des mesures portées par le gouvernement ne parviennent pas à convaincre Les Verts qui refusent toute entente et critiquent avec virulence l’action du gouvernement et notamment celle de Brice Lalonde. En dépit d’une action importante à l’échelle nationale (pots catalytiques, renforcement du ministère, création de l’ADEME, protection de la Loire, etc.) et internationale (conférence de La Haye sur la protection de la planète, protection de l’Antarctique), celle-ci ne permettra pas un rapprochement avec le principal mouvement d’écologie politique jusqu’à ce que le grave échec politique de la gauche aux élections législatives de 1993 rebatte les cartes.
Neonatal Macular Hemorrhage in a Term Healthy Infant: 18-Year Follow-up
Authors: Moshfeghi Henry P. , Patel Nimesh A. , Callaway Natalia Fijalkowski
Published: April 2024

Unobstructed binocular vision is required during the critical period of vision development to obtain optimal visual acuity in each eye and binocular stereopsis. In this article, we report 18-year follow-up of a full-term, otherwise healthy infant noted to have dense premacular hemorrhage occluding the visual axis in the left eye on retinal imaging performed 48 hours after birth. Serial examinations by the retina service were performed weekly for 10 weeks as the hemorrhage resolved spontaneously. Shortly thereafter, visual acuity revealed fixation was present, but the mother noted intermittent left eye esodeviation. At 90 days of life, the infant was seen by pediatric ophthalmology and started on 1 to 2 hours patching of the right eye daily for the esotropia, which was maintained through 24 months. At 18 years of age, the patient had orthophoria alignment, no spectacle correction, vision of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye, and normal binocularity and stereopsis. Intermittent esodeviation on the left eye was observed when the patient was fatigued. Early identification of a visual axis occlusion led to prompt referral for the esotropia and initiation of patching therapy. This patient ultimately achieved a very favorable visual functional outcome that may not have been possible without early detection and management. This case report describes the longest-term published follow-up of a neonatal macular hemorrhage.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:354–357.]
Analysis of the Choroidal Structure in the Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Üçer Mehmet Barış , Cevher Selim
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective:

Our aim was to evaluate the choroidal structure in the early stage of Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Materials and Methods:

The study included patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without edema (
n
= 30, NPDR group), patients with diabetes without retinopathy (
n
= 30, No DR group), and healthy subjects (
n
= 33, control group). Choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were evaluated.

Results:

The hypertension (HT) rate was highest in patients with NPDR (63.3%), and lowest in the control group (27.3%). Subfoveal, nasal, temporal CT, TCA, and LA were thinner in patients with diabetes compared to the control group for both patients with and without HT, although not significantly. CTs, TCA, LA, and SA were lower in hypertensive patients than patients without HT in all groups. CVI and LA/SA were significantly lower in NPDR group compared to the controls for both patients with and without HT.

Conclusion:

In patients with diabetes and before clinical retinopathy develops, the thinning of the CT and CVI begins. A decrease in CVI continues as the retinopathy progresses. HT appears to be a factor that can reduce CT, TCA, LA, and SA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:392–399.]
Predicting stress levels using physiological data: Real-time stress prediction models utilizing wearable devices
Authors: Lazarou Evgenia , Exarchos Themis P.
Published: April 2024

Stress has emerged as a prominent and multifaceted health concern in contemporary society, manifesting detrimental effects on individuals' physical and mental health and well-being. The ability to accurately predict stress levels in real time holds significant promise for facilitating timely interventions and personalized stress management strategies. The increasing incidence of stress-related physical and mental health issues highlights the importance of thoroughly understanding stress prediction mechanisms. Given that stress is a contributing factor to a wide array of mental and physical health problems, objectively assessing stress is crucial for behavioral and physiological studies. While numerous studies have assessed stress levels in controlled environments, the objective evaluation of stress in everyday settings still needs to be explored, primarily due to contextual factors and limitations in self-report adherence. This short review explored the emerging field of real-time stress prediction, focusing on utilizing physiological data collected by wearable devices. Stress was examined from a comprehensive standpoint, acknowledging its effects on both physical and mental well-being. The review synthesized existing research on the development and application of stress prediction models, underscoring advancements, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving domain. Emphasis was placed on examining and critically evaluating the existing research and literature on stress prediction, physiological data analysis, and wearable devices for stress monitoring. The synthesis of findings aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the potential of wearable technology in objectively assessing and predicting stress levels in real time, thereby informing the design of effective interventions and personalized stress management approaches.
Un droit du travail pour tous : débat sur l’avenir du droit du travail en Corée du Sud
Authors: Park Jeseong , Kwon Ohseong
Published: April 2024

En Corée du Sud, l’appel en faveur d’un droit du travail pour tous s’inscrit dans un contexte marqué par deux faits : d’une part, l’augmentation de sous-emplois (du fait de la transformation de travailleurs salariés en travailleurs dits indépendants, mais aussi de travailleurs indépendants en travailleurs dépendants) ; d’autre part, l’organisation et la revendication des travailleurs indépendants. Quant au contexte normatif, il est aussi marqué par deux éléments : 1. Le débat sur la qualification de salarié en droit du travail coréen : si la jurisprudence considère toujours le salarié comme partie à un contrat de travail défini par un lien de subordination, dans la pratique, la distinction est de plus en plus floue. C’est par exemple le cas des travailleurs de plateformes numériques. C’est pourquoi il existe un argument en faveur de l’élargissement de la notion de subordination à la dépendance économique. 2. Les réformes législatives : la révision de 2007 de la loi sur l’assurance des accidents du travail a introduit une nouvelle catégorie juridique, celle des « personnes ayant une activité particulière », à savoir des travailleurs indépendants économiquement dépendants. En 2019, la loi sur la sécurité et la santé au travail a été modifiée pour inclure dans son champ d’application les travailleurs indépendants économiquement dépendants, les livreurs sur plateforme numérique et les franchisés. En 2021, la loi sur l’assurance-chômage a été modifiée pour introduire la notion de « travailleur-fournisseur de main-d’œuvre », élargissant ainsi son champ d’application. Enfin, la modification en 2022 de la loi assurance-accidents du travail a remplacé la notion de « personnes ayant une activité particulière » par la notion de « travailleur-fournisseur de main-d’œuvre », à l’instar de la loi sur l’assurance-chômage. En outre, la crise provoquée par la pandémie de Covid-19 a apporté un élément nouveau. Alors que la controverse sur l’extension du champ d’application personnel du droit du travail n’avait montré aucun signe d’évolution, apparaissent désormais les prémices d’une résolution législative. Le slogan « Une loi assurance-chômage pour tous » a ainsi été lancé par le gouvernement lorsque certains travailleurs indépendants ont été inclus dans le champ d’application de l’assurance-chômage, pour compenser la perte de revenu des travailleurs indépendants incapables d’exploiter leur entreprise du fait des politiques gouvernementales. De sorte que la question s’est naturellement posée : « Pourquoi pas un droit du travail pour tous ? ».
La Convention n° 189 de l’OIT, catalyseur du mouvement pour les droits des travailleuses domestiques en Amérique latine
Authors: Poblete Lorena
Published: April 2024

D’un point de vue macro-sociologique, cet article analyse les changements réglementaires intervenus dans la législation sur le travail domestique rémunéré en Amérique latine depuis 2000. En réalisant une cartographie juridique des réformes réglementaires au niveau régional, l’article cherche à comprendre le rôle joué par la Convention 189 de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail.
Les zones de l’obligation et du devoir à la lumière d’une critique réaliste du droit du travail
Authors: Dumas Martin
Published: April 2024

Cet article tire en premier lieu les grands traits d’une approche réaliste empirique dans l’examen du droit du travail et, par translation, du droit protecteur. Cette approche appelle à colliger les données empiriques indispensables à la résolution de questions de droit formulées sous l’éclairage des objectifs mixtes de protection du législateur. Elle fixe, pour ce faire, des repères généraux et particuliers dans la détermination de ces objectifs, avant de commander l’examen des données empiriques, de sources primaires ou secondaires, essentielles à la concrétisation de repères qui renvoient, tantôt à des questionnements inspirés de l’examen de matériaux bien connus du juriste - d’origine législative ou prétorienne -, tantôt à des questionnements plus éloignés des analyses juridiques traditionnelles. Une décision marquante de la Cour suprême du Canada relative aux effets juridiques d’une incompatibilité déclarée entre une disposition d’ordre public en droit commun et le régime des rapports collectifs du travail, fera l’objet d’un examen conduit à la lumière de cette approche, de même que certaines décisions prises par des inspecteurs concernant le travail d’enfants en Inde. Dans la mesure où cette analyse met en relief les failles potentielles de l’efficacité du droit du travail, et ainsi les frontières de la responsabilité légale et sociale des entreprises retenant les services de travailleurs, quatre modèles idoines de responsabilité sociale de ces entreprises seront ainsi présentés, soit la RSE d’accompagnement, d’engagement, d’élucidation et d’opposition, au carrefour de l’effectivité et de l’efficacité du droit étatique. Sur la base d’exemples tirés de l’expérience canadienne, indienne, sénégalaise et ivoirienne, on en déduit que la norme sociale entretient, avec la norme légale, des rapports duplicatifs et complémentaires en cas d’efficacité du droit, ou oppositionnels et substitutifs en cas d’inefficacité de ce droit. Cette mise en perspective conduit, en somme, à appréhender la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise d’une manière plus nuancée, en considérant des variables qui agissent plus ou moins dans l’ombre et susceptibles d’influer décisivement sur la conduite des entreprises.
Insights Into L2 Students' Imagined Communities and Identities and Their English Language Learning Investment
Authors: Tran Thao Quoc , Luong Vu Anh
Published: April 2024

Within the field of language education, learners' imagined community and identity and their language investment have been acknowledged, and research has revealed the connections among them and their impacts on students' language learning process. However, a scarcity of research on such an area in Vietnam can be found. This chapter aims to present a mixed-methods study on L2 students' imagined community and identity and their language investment. A cohort of 100 L2 students from a university in Vietnam were recruited to respond to a questionnaire, and twenty of them participated in semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data were processed using the SPSS software, while the qualitative data were analyzed by employing the content analysis approach. The findings showed that participants expected to have a positive imagined community and identity, and they invested in their English language learning moderately. Furthermore, positive correlations between L2 students' imagined community and identity and their English language learning investment were observed.
History and Evolution of Neuroleadership as a Field
Authors: Iyer Rajiv
Published: April 2024

The field of neuroleadership, born from the intersection of neuroscience and leadership studies, has undergone a transformative journey. Beginning with early inquiries into the brain's role in leadership, the formal establishment of the NeuroLeadership Institute in 2007 marked a watershed moment. Subsequent recognition and integration in the 2010s propelled neuroleadership into leadership training, coaching practices, and corporate culture initiatives. Diverse applications emerged, spanning decision-making, emotional intelligence, change management, and diversity and inclusion. While neuroleadership faced critiques, ongoing research and publications solidified its legitimacy. In the present, the field continues to evolve, exploring novel applications and perspectives, with technology playing a pivotal role. As neuroleadership navigates the future, emerging opportunities, challenges, and the integration of neuroscience into leadership in a rapidly changing world define its promising trajectory.
ESTUDO DO ALGODÃO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ E SUA CADEIA PRODUTIVA TÊXTIL
Authors: Anderson Anderson Alves , CAMILO Elisabete
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta um estudo realizado no Estado do Paraná com relação à cultura do algodão, que na década de 90, liderou o ranking nacional de produção, sendo responsável por 55% da produção brasileira, e que em 2006 este percentual gira em torno de 7%. Com uma cadeia de produção formada por três grandes blocos sendo o primeiro, formado pela cotonicultura e algodoeiras, o segundo pelos segmentos da fiação ao tecido, e o terceiro formado pelo conjunto da confecção, verifica-se que as dificuldades do segmento não impactaram de maneira semelhante em toda a cadeia têxtil. Isto devido a novas políticas e novas tecnologias. Para que este trabalho alcançasse seus objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, e os dados foram obtidos pelo método de pesquisa documental.
PM2.5 air pollution trends and patterns in Kandy, Sri Lanka
Authors: Senarathna Mahesh , Jayaratne Rohan , Abeysundara Sachith , Weerasooriya Rohan , Welikannage Kosala , Morawska Lidia , Bowatte Gayan
Published: April 2024

Air pollution is the leading environmental hazard that has devastating health effects on human health. Identification of trends and patterns of air pollution is crucial in a specific geographic area to inform and implement effective control and mitigation measurements. Standard air pollution monitoring networks are costly for most low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in the mean concentrations of air pollutants that occur at various times of the day, days of the week, months of the year, and seasons during the period of January 2019 to December 2019 in Kandy, Sri Lanka using low-cost sensors. A regression analysis with dummy variables was used to model the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and categorical independent variables, the time of day and day of the week. Considering temporal variations, the study found that pollution is highest in the early morning and evening, and lowest in the afternoon. The worst days for the air quality were Wednesdays and Thursdays, while Sundays had the lowest PM2.5 pollution. The analysis of air quality variations by month showed that December had the lowest air pollution of the examined months. The variation in PM2.5 was greatly influenced by wind speed, wind direction, and rainfall patterns. The study emphasized the importance of long-term consistently management and monitoring of air pollution levels.
Perceptions in using teleconsultation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chennai, South India
Authors: Grace Angeline , Naik Swetha , Gour Rashmi , Ramachandran Umadevi , Pandian Sujitha
Published: April 2024

Introduction: People were reluctant to go to hospitals for consul tation, treatment and follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the availability of advanced technologies s uch as teleconsultation enabled individuals to continue receiving healthcare, contact physicians about their symptoms and  receive treatment. There has not been much research conducted in Tamil Nadu to evaluate how individuals feel about us ing teleconsultation to receive healthcare. It is crucial to evaluate the quality of medical care and patients' satisfaction with te leconsultation services. Objectives: To ascertain attitudes towards using teleconsultation a nd to describe the quality of healthcare delivered this way during the COVID-19 epidemic in Tamil Nadu, South India Methods: The participants in this study were inhabitants of Chennai , Tamil Nadu who were at least 18 years old and received at least one teleconsultation during the COVID-19 epidemic. An onl ine, self-administered survey form that was distributed over multiple social media channels was used to gather data. Results: About 61.2% of the 405 study participants were males. Th e average age of respondents was 34.6 years (SD=11.4). Almost 95.6% concurred that teleconsultation services have made it  simpler to seek healthcare throughout the pandemic. The majority (92.1%) were satisfied with the standard of teleconsult ation-delivered medical care. In comparison to direct consultation, 54.3% disagreed to preferring teleconsultation to save  money and time. Only 52% of the 92.6% of participants who were instructed to attend a follow-up consultation had done s o. 90% of respondents said they would still prefer to speak with doctors directly in the future. Conclusions & Recommendations: Although teleconsultation servi ces, in the opinion of many participants, improved access to healthcare during the epidemic, they still prefer to consult healthc are professionals directly in the future. Teleconsultation serves as an effective alternative to direct consultation especially in t imes of globally emerging infections.
Polypharmacy in the elderly: finding the right balance
Authors: Chandrachood Mandar
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures
Authors: Carvalho Helena , Nata Gil , Mena Matos Paula
Published: April 2024

In 1988, Bowlby posited that the emotional availability of psychotherapists in establishing a secure base environment is influenced by their personal relational history. Despite the acknowledged influence of the therapist’s attachment on therapeutic processes and outcomes, the therapist’s role as a secure base figure has received insufficient attention. This study delves into the connection between psychotherapists’ attachment organization and their self-perceived roles as secure base figures within clinical contexts. Additionally, we explore the mediating role of emotion regulation processes in this context. The dataset comprises self-reports from 384 psychotherapists with diverse theoretical orientations. Our analysis reveals both direct and indirect effects of psychotherapists’ attachment on the provision of a secure base. Emotion regulation, specifically through the dimension of clarity, emerges as a significant mediator in this relationship. This study offers a distinctive contribution to deepening our understanding of the relational dynamics inherent to psychotherapeutic practice. It sheds light on the nuanced relation between attachment and emotion regulation, influencing the psychotherapist’s role as a secure base figure in psychotherapy. The discussion of the results additionally emphasizes key implications for clinical practice and therapists’ training.
Dyschromatopsia and contrast sensitivity changes in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Singh Aditya , Bansal Yashik , Mohan Aditi , Gnanaraj Ramya , Khulbe Pranita , Pangtey Kavita , Tripathi Kaushiki , Khan Mohammad Ali , Sharma Akshita , Jain Manish
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the alterations in the psycho-physical tests, contrast sensitivity (CS) and hue discrimination (total estimation score, TES) in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

A prospective case-control study was undertaken in 2021-22 to look at CS and TES among COVID-19 patients and RT-PCR negative normal subjects by a mobile app “smart optometry” and X-Rite’s free online version of Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test. Strict visual acuity (minimum of 6/9 equivalent on Snellen) and other clinical parameters were used as exclusion criteria to filter potentially confounding pre-receptoral co-morbid conditions. The effect of mismatch in recruiting age and sex matched controls during the pandemic were analyzed by multivariate linear regression.

Result:

One-way ANOVA ruled out any influence of gender on CS and TES; however, there was significant difference in the TES on Mann Whitney U test (TES- 2.95 +/- 3.8 for cases; 0.30 +/- 1.1 for controls; p <0.001) and it persisted after accounting for age. Six controls with breakthrough infections had a significant deterioration in TES (Mean scores -3.0; 95% CI = -5.89 to -0.11; p = 0.04) on paired t test. Qualitative analysis showed that S-cone mediated deficiencies outnumber those affecting M-L cone mediated deficiencies. Among 53 subjects exhibiting three sensory features, anosmia, loss of taste and dyschromatopsia, nine (16.98%) had all features concurrently.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection leads to altered TES representing dyschromatopsia -an ocular counterpart of anosmia, with little difference on CS.
School Closures and the Impact on Screen Time and Behavior during the Pandemic
Authors: Malhi Prahbhjot , Bharti Bhavneet , Sidhu Manjit
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of school closures on recreational screen time, emotional, and behavioral functioning of school-going children and adolescents during the imposition of social containment measures and school closure in India.

Methodology:

The survey utilized a Google Form that was sent to parents of children aged 6–14 years through e-mails and social media platforms. Parents were asked to report on the child’s duration of recreational screen time and whether the child’s overall behavioral functioning had changed since the school closures. The child’s emotional and behavioral functioning was assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The scores on the SDQ and screen time use were compared by overall parental behavioral rating to identify the areas of concerns for children whose functioning was reported to have worsened after the closing of schools.

Results:

The mean recreational screen time was reported to be 2.65 h (standard deviation = 1.89). A significantly higher proportion of children whose behavior worsened after school closures, relative to those who improved or were same, had scores in the abnormal range of functioning on three of the subscales of SDQ including emotional problems (χ
² = 29.03, P = 0.0001), hyperactivity/inattention (χ² = 24.67, P = 0.0001), conduct problems (χ² = 22.01, P = 0.0001), and overall total SDQ score (χ² = 41.20, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Interventions should be aimed at encouraging outdoor physical activity while respecting government restrictions, healthy routines, pursuing hobbies, and promoting responsible use of electronic devices during the pandemic and crisis recovery period.
Efficacy and safety of dasotraline in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maiti Rituparna , Mishra Archana , Jena Monalisa , Maji Shampa , Padhan Milan , Mishra Biswa R.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:

Pharmacotherapeutic options for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are limited due to adverse effects and inadequate efficacy of existing drugs. Clinical trials were conducted on dasotraline in search of a safer and more efficacious alternatives to stimulant agents. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in ADHD compared to placebo.

Methods:

The reviewers extracted data from five relevant clinical trials after a literature search on Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases and Clinical Trial Registries. Quality assessment was done using the risk of bias assessment tool, and the random-effects model was used to estimate the effect size. Sub-group analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were done as applicable. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the selection, analysis, and reporting of findings.

Results:

Dasotraline significantly reduced the ADHD total symptom score (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.15; P < 0.001), hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale score (SMD: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.11; P = 0.001), inattentiveness sub-scale score (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.14; P < 0.001), and CGI-S (SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.08; P = 0.003). Sub-group analysis showed a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms in both pediatric and adult age groups. Meta-regression showed a significant association between SMD of ADHD symptom score reduction and the duration of dasotraline therapy. The incidence of decreased appetite showed dose dependence but not the incidence of insomnia.

Conclusions:

Dasotraline 4 mg (in children) and 6 mg (in adults) can improve the clinical outcome in patients with ADHD by improving symptoms and global functioning with acceptable tolerability.

PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022321979
Neurological emergencies masquerading as psychiatric disturbances detected by neuroimaging in individuals with pre-existing mental illness: A case series
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debanjan , Bandyopadhyay Ujjwal
Published: April 2024

Certain clinical features, like changes in presentation, the presence of neurological signs, and a poor response to treatment, mandate an organic evaluation of psychiatric illnesses. In this case series, four cases with established mental illnesses who presented with psychiatric symptoms, on evaluation by neuroimaging, were found to have neurological disorders like neurocysticercosis, sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, sub-dural hemorrhage, and lacunar infarction. They were managed with a combination of medical and surgical treatment and psychotropics, and no relapse of symptoms was noted at follow-up. The formulation of clinical practice guidelines can be a way forward in holistic management for such patients.
Predictors of preventive behaviors of AIDS/HIV based on Health Belief Model constructs in women with high-risk sexual behaviors
Authors: Alizade Mehri , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Malakouti Jamileh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Worldwide, AIDS is an acute problem. Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model for prevention and control of diseases. This study examined the predictors of preventive behaviors of HIV/AIDS based on HBM constructs in participants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 women who were referred to vulnerable women's centers across Tabriz city between November and December 2018. Participants were selected by census sampling. Inclusion criteria were having a health record, multiple sexual partners, reading and writing skills, and willingness to participate in the study. To collect data, questionnaires of sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, self-efficacy for negotiating safe sex, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and behavioral prevention (BP) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 through Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses. The significant level was set at α = 0.05.

RESULTS:

Pearson's correlation test showed a statistically significant correlation between BP and perceived sensitivity (r = 0.25), perceived benefits (r = 0.32), self-efficacy (r = 0.33), and HIV knowledge (r = 0.25) constructs (P < 0.001). According to the multiple linear regression, perceived sensitivity (P = 0.020), perceived benefits (P = 0.036), and some of the sociodemographic characteristics were found to be predictors of preventive behaviors that explained in total 50% of variance of BP (P < 0.05 and R
2 = 0.504).

CONCLUSION:

It seems that the HBM is useful to predict HIV preventive behaviors among this vulnerable group. Training programs should be aimed on improving the health belief of HIV preventive behaviors.