bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troplowitz
Authors: Albrecht Henning
Published: November 2020

Unternehmerisches Genie, Philanthrop, Politiker und Mäzen - das beeindruckende Wirken und Engagement Oscar Troplowitz` und seiner Frau Gertrud.

Das Erfolgsgeheimnis von Oscar Troplowitz war seine außergewöhnliche Mehrfachbegabung: Er vereinte wissenschaftliche Neugier, kaufmännisches Können und Menschenfreundlichkeit mit einem Sinn für die Chancen der industriellen Welt. Aus einem Labor im Untergeschoss eines Wohnhauses schuf er einen pharmazeutisch-kosmetischen Industriebetrieb von globaler Bedeutung: Beiersdorf & Co. Er fand innovative Antworten auf medizinische Fragen und entwickelte kosmetische Angebote für eine neue Ära, in der Körperpflege zum Massenphänomen wurde. Vor allem aber kreierte er Weltmarken, die bis heute jeder kennt und die Synonyme für die jeweiligen »Gegenstände« geworden sind: Labello, Tesa, Nivea oder Leukoplast. Henning Albrecht erzählt den Aufbruch in die Markenwelt des 20. Jahrhunderts und die Entstehung der Beiersdorf AG von den handelnden Personen her - zwei engagierten Bürgern, leidenschaftlichen Kunstsammlern und großzügigen Mäzenen.

100 Jahre nach der bedeutenden Großstiftung Gertrud Troplowitz` an die Kunsthalle Hamburg erscheint mit dieser neuen Biographie des Unternehmerpaares ein spannendes Stück deutscher Wirtschafts- und Kulturgeschichte.

Oscar (1863-1918) und Gertrud (1869-1920) Troplowitz

1890 erwarb Oscar Troplowitz das pharmazeutische Labor von Paul Beiersdorf in Altona, das er bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg zu einem weltweit aktiven und hochprofitablen Unternehmen aufbaute: zur späteren Beiersdorf AG, Hersteller von Marken wie Nivea, Leukoplast und tesa. Mit seiner Frau Gertrud trug er ab 1909 eine der bedeutendsten Hamburger Kunstsammlungen in einer prachtvollen Villa an der Außenalster zusammen. Nachdem der Philanthrop Oscar Troplowitz verstorben war, fiel Gertrud - bis zu ihrem eigenen Tod nur zwei Jahre später - die Rolle als herausragende Mäzenin zu.
Antifungal Topical Drugs for Seborrheic Dermatitis of Scalp in Unani Medicine
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Ahmad Ijhar , Alam Shah , Alam Sazid
Published: November 2020

: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common disorder of the skin, which is dermatologically manifested by erythematous patches covered by yellow-grey scales. It mostly appears on the face, scalp, upper chest, and back. Half of the adult population is estimated to be affected by seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Although its prevalence is very high, the etiology has not been very well known. Numerous intrinsic and external environmental factors such as excessive sebum secretions, fungal colonization of the surface of the skin, genetic susceptibility, and dynamics, among others, can result in the development of the disease. Unani medicine is familiar with this disease under the entity named ‘Tasherul Raas/Huzaz’. Various herbal and mineral-origin drugs have been declared in the Unani classical literature for the treatment of SD. In the present paper, topical Unani drugs particularly beneficial for scalp seborrheic dermatitis are discussed.
Non-technical Skill Assessment Tools for Surgical Team Members in the Operating Room: A Critical Review
Authors: Heidarpoor Peigham , Yazdani Shahram , Sadati Leila
Published: November 2020

Context: The operating room is a unique environment in which learning happens through interactions with others and facing complex situations. The results of studies show that non-technical skills play a key role in successful technical performance in critical situations. Therefore, the identification and assessment of them are very valuable. This review study was performed to identify and critique non-technical skill assessment tools for surgical team members. Evidence Acquisition: The Carnwell and Daly critical review method was used for the study design. Articles and documents were searched in databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1999 to 2019. Results: This literature review yielded 13 assessment tools of non-technical skills in the operating room, including ANTS, AS-NTS, N-ANTS, ANTS-AP for the anesthesia team, OTAS, Oxford NOTEHS, Oxford NOTECHS II, and Revised NOTECHS for the surgical team, SPINTS for scrub nurses, and OSANTS, NOTSS, SDM-RS, and SLI for surgeons. Conclusions: Since the development of the tools depends entirely on the context and task analysis of any member of the surgical team, all countries must customize the available tools and develop similar tools for other members of surgical teams.
The COMPLEX FORMATION OF CADMIUM (II) WITH 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE IN AQUEOUS AND AQUEOS-ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS
Authors: Safarmamadov Safarmamad M. , Mirzokhonov Dilovar Ch. , Mabatkadamzoda Kimyo S.
Published: November 2020

Using potentiometric titration data, titration curves of the protonated form of 2-methylimidazole [H2-MI]+ in water and water-alcohol solutions were constructed. Forms of formation curves correspond to weak monobasic acids. The value of the formation function () for the studied systems varies between 0.45-0.87, which corresponds to the formation of one protonated form of 2-methylimidazole in aqueous and aqueous - alcoholic solutions. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 2-methylimidazole at 298 K was determined by the pH - metric method in aqueous and aqueous - methanol (ethanol) solutions at different contents of the organic solvent. It was revealed that the maximum proportion of molecular form accumulation falls on pH 10-10.5. Below pH 10, the protonated form of 2-methylimidazole begins to accumulate in the solution. Starting from pH = 7.2-methylimidazole exists completely in protonated form in solution. With an increase in the concentration of alcohol in solution, an increase in the acidic properties of the protonated form of 2-methylimidazole is observed. The pKa value of 2-methylimidazole in aqueous ethanol solutions is higher than that of aqueous methanol. The potentiometric method was used to study the complexation of cadmium (II) with 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) at 278-318 K. The effect of the nature and composition of the aqueous-organic solution on the stability of the complexes formed is established. It was revealed that during the interaction of cadmium (II) with 2-methylimidazole in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions four complex forms are formed. For each complex form, stability constants are found depending on the temperature and the content of non-aqueous solvent. It is shown that when methanol is added to water, an increase in the stability of all complex forms is observed. In contrast to water-methanol solutions in water-ethanol solutions, in addition to the complex particle [CdL4]2+, the stability of other complex forms pass through a minimum. Based on our own and published data, we conclude that the degree of influence that an organic solvent has on the stability of complexes cadmium (II) largely depends on changes in the solvation condition of the ligand molecule and the central atom.
SONOPHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING PERSULFATE
Authors: Popova Svetlana A. , Matafonova Galina G. , Batoev Valeriy B.
Published: November 2020

In present work, we have studied the kinetic fundamentals of sonophotochemical oxidation of emerging organic contaminants, atrazine and bisphenol A, in model aqueous solutions, simultaneously exposed to high-frequency ultrasound (US, 1.7 MHz) and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs, 365 nm) in the absence and presence of persulfate (S2O82-) oxidant. Synergistic indices were calculated to assess a synergistic effect in the hybrid oxidation systems. It was found that the hybrid system {UV/US/S2O82-} exhibited the synergistic effect and was the most efficient for degrading bisphenol A in a raw: UV/US/S2O82- > UV/S2O82- > US/UV > US/S2O82- >> UV > US. In case of atrazine, no ultrasound effect was observed and the efficiencies of {UV/US/S2O82-} and {UV S2O82-} systems in terms of degradation rates were similar. In these oxidation systems, more than 90% of a contaminant was removed after 30 min treatment. Meanwhile, degradation rates for atrazine were higher than those wich were found for bisphenol A. This indicates a predomination of sulfate anion radicals, which react with bisphenol A rather slowly compared to atrazine. A synergism was also found under sonophotolysis of both contaminants without persulfate; however, this process requires a more prolonged irradiation time (~20% degraded in 40 min), hence, it is less energy-effective. The obtained results are promising for application of UV LEDs and high-frequency ultrasound in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes to degrade organic contaminants in natural water and wastewater.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INACTIVE NEUTRAL LIGNOSULFONATES
Authors: Chetvertneva Irina A. , Karimov Oleg Kh. , Teptereva Galina A. , Movsumzade Eldar M.
Published: November 2020

The article proposes a method of increasing the amount of OH-phenolic functional groups in the composition of a macromolecule lignosulphonate, a sulfo-derivative natural lignin polymer, tested under laboratory conditions by step-by-step chemical treatment of the lignosulphonate matrix with a solution of a bromine derivative, then with a solution of neutral sodium sulfite. This makes it possible to solve the problem characteristic of modern lignosulphonates of neutral sulfite production method, which have low values of tannidicity index: content of OH-phenolic groups, quantitative content of which forms inhibitory (tanning) capacity of lignosulphonates. The proposed procedure involves carrying out said demethylation reaction with cleavage of methyl group contained in phenylpropane unit of lignosulfonate. Pyrocatechin groups are formed and methanesulfonic acid molecule is cleaved off. The obtained product was analyzed by UV spectroscopy and the increase in optical density in the area of absorption of 280 nm characteristic of OH-phenolic functional groups was shown, which is the basis for the appearance of pyrocatechin structures in the phenylpropane unit of lignosulfonate. Proposed method allows increasing quantitative content of OH-phenolic groups in macromolecule composition from 1.7% of initial to 6.5%. The obtained results are correlated with the data on determination of tannidicity index - one of objective characteristics of inhibitory (tanning) capacity of lignosulfnates, which is 32%, compared to similar characteristic of undemethylated neutral lignosulfonate, where the value did not exceed 21%. The data show that demethylation of the lignosulphonate matrix is possible by converting modern inactive neutral lignosulphonates from the low-demand waste category of the pulp and paper industry to a promising raw material component.
Useful properties of independent fatty acids in milk fat of milk of the cow and the influence of genetic factors on their content
Authors: Yemets Z. V. , Mamenko A. M.
Published: November 2020

Aim. Useful properties of essential fatty acids contained in cow milk fat and influence on their content (fatty acids) of genetic factors are analyzed in the article. Methods. The research was carried out in the course of a year by sampling of aggregate milk from cows of Ukrainian black-rippled dairy breed and Ukrainian red-rippled dairy breed, farm "Ukrainka Slobidsk" of Kharkiv region of the Institute of animal husbandry of Ukraine, under equilibrium conditions by gas-liquid chromatography. Results. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) of fatty acid content in milk. The influence of the father of the cow on the content of essential fatty acids in the milk of dairy cows ranges from 7.2% (heptadecic acid) to 27% (decanoic acid). Conclusions. Genetic Factors - The breed and parent of the cow have a significant influence on the content of essential fatty acids in the cow’s milk. The breed causes variability from 0.1% (lauric acid) to 5.9% (pentadecanoic acid) variability of fatty acid content in milk.

Keywords: essential fatty acids, milk fat, black-and-pockmarked, red-and-pockmarked, cow breed, genetic factors.
The potential of adaptivity of sugar beet sterility maintainers to regulated abiotic factors
Authors: Kornieieva M. O. , Vakulenko P. I. , Andrieieva L. S. , Tymchychyn S. M.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To determine the expression of the adaptive ability of sterility maintainers of sugar beet under different combination of abiotic factors. Methods. Testing breeding materials against agricultural backgrounds with different combinations of controlled abiotic factors: Normal and Large Growing Space; Normal and Rich Mineral Nutrition Background. Results. Genotypes had a specific interaction with a specific background. The range of variation of the effects of the general adaptive ability of the lines on the yield was -2.9 ... + 3.4 and sugar content -0.6…+0.6. With the increased background of mineral fertilizers and different areas of nutrition, respectively, 11 and 9 sources of valuable genes were selected. The elevated mineral fertilizer background over the usual feeding area was the background that distinguished specific combinations with high SAA effects: Ot1/Ot4 (+2.5), Ot3/Ot4 (+0.9), Ot4/Ot2 (+0.9) and Ot6/Ot5 (0.8). In the extended area, the lines Ot1 and Ot2 combined well with the line Ot 4 (respectively +1.1 and +0.9). Conclusions. O-type lines are characterized by a specific response to the controlled abiotic factors. O-type 4 and O-type 6 lines can be attributed to intensive type. Stable on both grounds include the Ot3 line. For the collection of sugar on the ordinary background of mineral fertilizers GAA were preferred lines Ot6 and Ot4, and on the higher - respectively lines Ot6, Ot3 and Ot4. High differential ability of selective with backgrounds with regulated abiotic factors has been established.

Keywords: sterility maintainers, yield, sugar content, general and specific adaptive ability, the coefficient of plasticity.
Folate cycle genome and change in the homocysteine level in children after forest fires in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Authors: Bandazhevsky Yu. I. , Dubovaya N. F.
Published: November 2020

Fires that often occur in the forests of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are one of the most powerful sources of secondary air contamination with combustion products and various radionuclides that have a negative effect on the health of children and adults. Aim. Aim was to explore the relationship between forest fires and the change in blood homocysteine levels in children living in Polessky district of Ukraine bordering the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Methods. Immunochemical, mathematical and statistical. Results. Increased blood levels of homocysteine, irrespective of the state of genome of folate cicle, were found in more than 70.0 % of cases in the group of children living near the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone during the period from 02/04/2015 to 18/12/2015. Given the forest fires with an area of 10.127 ha and 130 ha officially registered in the Chernobyl exclusion zone in the spring and summer of 2015, it can reasonably be argued that the increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood of children living in the border region associatared with wood burning particles, including black carbon and radioactive elements, that enter the body with air and food. Conclusions. Forest fires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are the cause of abnormal methionine metabolism and an increase in blood homocysteine levels in children from the adjacent districts.

Keywords: homocysteine, folate metabolism, genetic polymorphisms, association, forest fires, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
Influence of taurine on phenotype expression of muscular dystrophy in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Orlov T. K. , Gorbulinska S. M. , Klepach H. M. , Kryzhanovska M. A. , Holub N. Ia.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To investigate the effect of 0.1% taurine on the manifestation of muscular dystrophy in Drosophila melanogaster mutants under both larval and adult feeding. Methods. Larval and adult feeding of 0.1 % taurine, construction of survival curves and study of moving activity, making thorax muscles histological preparations. Results. It has been shown the increasing of life span indexes (on 46-75%). moving activity (on 50-75%), decreasing of fatigue rates, and reducing of muscle damages (on 6-20%) in Drosophila dystrophy mutants under the influence of 0.1% taurine. Conclusions. The results indicate a positive effect of 0.1% taurine as a stimulant, antioxidant, myoprotector, blocker of fatigue processes in dystrophin mutants. However, following further studies on vertebrates, taurine may be recommended as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Keywords: Drosophila, dystrophin, miodystrophy, taurine.
Analysis of soybean germplasm by seed longevity
Authors: Zadorozhna O. A. , Bezugla O. M. , Vus O. N. , Suprun O.G. , Shyianova T.P.
Published: November 2020

Aim. Analysis of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm seed longevity with different biochemical composition for further storage optimization in active collections and during long-term storage. Methods. The content of protein, oil, fatty acid composition (palmitic, palmitic-oleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenic, behenic) in experimental soybean seed samples was analyzed. The process of accelerated storage aging, storage at –20°C were carried out at original seed moisture content and after additional drying. Laboratory and field indexes of seed germinability, mophophysiological state of seedlings, elements of crop structure were evaluated. Results. The longevity of soybean seed germplasm with different biochemical composition, different degree of drying was determined. The statistical relationship between fatty acid content and germination of soybean seeds in experimental and control variants was established. Conclusions. Drying to 4% seed moisture content extends the longevity of soybean seeds with different biochemical composition. Extra drying should be applied in special modes even for seeds with 7% moisture content.

Keywords: germplasm, soybean, storage, longevity, moisture content.
Control of Slc7a5 sensitivity by the voltage-sensing domain of Kv1 channels
Authors: Lamothe Shawn M , Sharmin Nazlee , Silver Grace , Satou Motoyasu , Hao Yubin , Tateno Toru , Baronas Victoria A , Kurata Harley T
Published: November 2020

Many voltage-dependent ion channels are regulated by accessory proteins. We recently reported powerful regulation of Kv1.2 potassium channels by the amino acid transporter Slc7a5. In this study, we report that Kv1.1 channels are also regulated by Slc7a5, albeit with different functional outcomes. In heterologous expression systems, Kv1.1 exhibits prominent current enhancement ('disinhibition') with holding potentials more negative than −120 mV. Knockdown of endogenous Slc7a5 leads to larger Kv1.1 currents and strongly attenuates the disinhibition effect, suggesting that Slc7a5 regulation of Kv1.1 involves channel inhibition that can be reversed by supraphysiological hyperpolarizing voltages. We investigated chimeric combinations of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, demonstrating that exchange of the voltage-sensing domain controls the sensitivity and response to Slc7a5, and localize a specific position in S1 with prominent effects on Slc7a5 sensitivity. Overall, our study highlights multiple Slc7a5-sensitive Kv1 subunits, and identifies the voltage-sensing domain as a determinant of Slc7a5 modulation of Kv1 channels.
The heteromeric PC-1/PC-2 polycystin complex is activated by the PC-1 N-terminus
Authors: Ha Kotdaji , Nobuhara Mai , Wang Qinzhe , Walker Rebecca V , Qian Feng , Schartner Christoph , Cao Erhu , Delling Markus
Published: November 2020

Mutations in the polycystin proteins, PC-1 and PC-2, result in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and ultimately renal failure. PC-1 and PC-2 enrich on primary cilia, where they are thought to form a heteromeric ion channel complex. However, a functional understanding of the putative PC-1/PC-2 polycystin complex is lacking due to technical hurdles in reliably measuring its activity. Here we successfully reconstitute the PC-1/PC-2 complex in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells and show that it functions as an outwardly rectifying channel. Using both reconstituted and ciliary polycystin channels, we further show that a soluble fragment generated from the N-terminal extracellular domain of PC-1 functions as an intrinsic agonist that is necessary and sufficient for channel activation. We thus propose that autoproteolytic cleavage of the N-terminus of PC-1, a hotspot for ADPKD mutations, produces a soluble ligand in vivo. These findings establish a mechanistic framework for understanding the role of PC-1/PC-2 heteromers in ADPKD and suggest new therapeutic strategies that would expand upon the limited symptomatic treatments currently available for this progressive, terminal disease.
ACE2: Evidence of role as entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and implications in comorbidities
Authors: Zamorano Cuervo Natalia , Grandvaux Nathalie
Published: November 2020

Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, COPD, and smoking status. Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. Early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Here, we provide a critical summary of the current knowledge highlighting the limitations and remaining gaps that need to be addressed to fully characterize ACE2 function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated pathogenesis. We also discuss ACE2 expression and potential role in the context of comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential co-receptors/attachment factors such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate and sialic acids and the putative alternative receptors, such as CD147 and GRP78.
New capsaicin analogs as molecular rulers to define the permissive conformation of the mouse TRPV1 ligand-binding pocket
Authors: Vu Simon , Singh Vikrant , Wulff Heike , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Zheng Jie
Published: November 2020

The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 is an outstanding representative of ligand-gated ion channels in ligand selectivity and sensitivity. However, molecular interactions that stabilize the ligand-binding pocket in its permissive conformation, and how many permissive conformations the ligand-binding pocket may adopt, remain unclear. To answer these questions, we designed a pair of novel capsaicin analogs to increase or decrease the ligand size by about 1.5 Å without altering ligand chemistry. Together with capsaicin, these ligands form a set of molecular rulers for investigating ligand-induced conformational changes. Computational modeling and functional tests revealed that structurally these ligands alternate between drastically different binding poses but stabilize the ligand-binding pocket in nearly identical permissive conformations; functionally, they all yielded a stable open state despite varying potencies. Our study suggests the existence of an optimal ligand-binding pocket conformation for capsaicin-mediated TRPV1 activation gating, and reveals multiple ligand-channel interactions that stabilize this permissive conformation.
Is Scholarly Publishing Like Rock and Roll?
Authors: Lewis David W.
Published: November 2020

This article uses Alan B. Krueger’s analysis of the music industry in his book Rockonomics: A Backstage Tour of What the Music Industry Can Teach Us About Economics and Life as a lens to consider the structure of scholarly publishing and what could happen to scholarly publishing going forward. Both the music industry and scholarly publishing are facing disruption as their products become digital. Digital content provides opportunities to a create a better product at lower prices and in the music industry this has happened. Scholarly publishing has not yet done so. Similarities and differences between the music industry and scholarly publishing will be considered. Like music, scholarly publishing appears to be a superstar industry. Both music and scholarly publishing are subject to piracy, which threatens revenue, though Napster was a greater disrupter than Sci-Hub seems to be. It also appears that for a variety of reasons market forces are not effective in driving changes in business models and practices in scholarly publishing, at least not at the rate we would expect given the changes in technology. After reviewing similarities and differences, the prospects for the future of scholarly publishing will be considered.
Effects of substrate and water depth of a eutrophic pond on the physiological status of a submerged plant,Vallisneria natans
Authors: Hao Aimin , Kobayashi Sohei , Huang Huilin , Mi Qi , Iseri Yasushi
Published: November 2020

Effects of substrate and water depth on the physiological status of a submerged macrophyte,Vallisneria natans(Lour.) H. Hara, were determined by measuring biomarkers in leaves and roots, to understand factors limiting the re-establishment ofV. natansin urban eutrophic ponds. Ramets ofV. natanswere grown in the laboratory using aquaria containing water and bottom mud from a eutrophic pond and maintained under sufficient light in an incubator. The growth and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content of leaves were greater in aquaria with mud than in those with sand, which was used as the reference substrate. The contents of a peroxidation product (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) in leaves and roots, used as stress biomarkers, changed during the experiment, although differences in these contents between mud and sand were not consistent across the experimental days. To control water depth in the field, ramets ofV. natanswere grown in cages with different substrates (mud and sand) installed at different depths (0.5, 1.2, and 2.0 m) in the pond. The mean light quantum during the experiment decreased with increasing depth, from 79.3 μmol/m2s at 0.5 m to 7.9 μmol/m2s at 2.0 m. The Chl-a content in leaves decreased, whereas the MDA content in both leaves and roots increased with increasing water depth. All enzyme activities increased at the beginning and then decreased to the end of the experiment at 2.0 m depth, suggesting deterioration of enzyme activities due to depth-related stress. The MDA content and CAT activity were higher for sand than for mud, whereas the difference in the growth and the leaf Chl-a content between substrates remained unclear in the pond. On comparing the laboratory and field experiments, the leaf Chl-a content was found to be lower and the MDA content and enzyme activities exhibited sharp increase for ramets grown in the pond, even at 0.5 m depth, when compared with those grown in the aquaria. Our results suggest that the bottom mud of the pond is not the major limiting factor in the re-establishment ofV. natans. Because water depth and light attenuation exerted strong stress onV. natans, shallow areas or measures to improve water transparency are required to promote the introduction ofV. natansin eutrophic ponds for successful restoration in urban areas.
Forward Forecast of Stock Price Using LSTM Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors:   Dept. of CSE, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India, Rajakumari Kavitha Esther , Kalyan M. Srinivasa , Bhaskar M. Vijay
Published: November 2020

Stock market prediction is the demonstration of attempting to decide the future estimation of an organization stock or other monetary instrument exchanged on a trade. This paper will exhibit how to perform stock expectations utilizing Machine Learning calculations. Foreseeing securities exchange costs is an intricate assignment that generally includes broad human-PC communication. Because of the connected idea of stock costs, customary bunch preparing techniques can't be used productively for securities exchange examination. In the current framework, the Sliding window calculation is used. This calculation investigates the information, with a window pushing ahead, in the wake of examining the information. It is very tedious for expectation of stocks. While, in the proposed framework, the utilization of LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) calculation, gives compelling outcomes. While analyzing, the superfluous information is overlooked. The current framework is additionally not viable, in taking care of non-straight information. What's more, it is less proficient contrasted with LSTM algorithm. So, to help defeat these, LSTM helps in dealing with the information in a productive way. Indeed, speculators are exceptionally intrigued by the exploration zone of stock value expectations. For decent and fruitful speculation, numerous financial specialists are sharp in knowing the future circumstance of the share trading system. Great and viable expectation frameworks for securities exchange encourage brokers, financial specialists, and investigators by giving steady data like the future course of the share trading system. In this work, an intermittent neural system (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are presented, a way to deal with anticipate securities exchange lists. The proposed model is a promising prescient procedure for a very non-direct time arrangement, whose designs are hard to catch by customary models.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Extract and Its Effect of Ultra Violet Radiation Induced Skin Damage
Authors: Idih Favour Moses , Jeremiah Uyo Ruth , Enesi Hafsat , Alagbe Oluseyi Valerie
Published: November 2020

Ultra violet radiation (UVR) is relevant in nature, but despite its importance it has been labeled as a causative agent in skin damage. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant properties of shea butter and its role in the prevention of skin damage. Six groups of albino rats with three rats per group were used, group 2-5 were exposed to UVR at the dose of 180 mJ/cm2 with group 1 serving as the normal control, group 2 (negative control), group 2-5 (treated groups) and group 6 (normal + treated). The treatment was done by topical application of Vitellaria parodoxa seed extract 5 minutes after exposure to UVR. The in-vitro antioxidant properties determined using DPPH radical scavenging activity revealed that the aqueous extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possesses high antioxidant activity. There was an increase in the concentration of GSH of the treated animals when compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The histopathology result shows the extract had a protective effect on the skin tissue of the experimental animals. This study suggests the extract has the potential to serve as a chemopreventive agent against UV-induced skin damage by neutralizing the effects of free radicals generated by ultraviolet radiation and as such can be recommended for use as UVR screen which could in turn reduce the risk of UVR skin damage.
Nutritional Status and Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Down Syndrome Presenting with Congenital Heart Disease: Retrospective Study
Authors: Chinawa J. M. , Duru O. C. , Chukwu B. F. , Chinawa A. T.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome are predisposed to having congenital heart defect.

Objectives: This study is aimed to describe the clinical correlates, nutritional status and pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome who presented with congenital heart disease.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of children with Down syndrome who presented with congenital heart disease from 2016 to 2020 was carried out. Nutritional status was assessed with WHO Anthro software while pulmonary hypertension was assessed with standard procedures.

Results: Out of 758 echocardiography done over the period of 5 years for children suspected of having cardiac disease, three hundred and eight one had confirmed congenital heart disease of which twenty-eight of them had Down syndrome 7.34% (28/381).  Ten 10/28 (35.7%) of them had pulmonary hypertension. This is commonly noted among infants than older ages.

Among 28 children with Down syndrome, twenty-three had complete information for weight and height which was used to assess their nutritional status, 47.8% (11/28) presented with wasting and stunted, 8.7% (2/28) of those with Down syndrome were wasted and 8.7% (2/28) with stunting. Down syndrome is commoner in children with AV canal defect 50% (14/28) followed by PDA 21.4% (6/14). Fast breathing 86.7% (13/15) as the most common symptom followed by cough 64.3% (9/14)

Conclusion: Children with Down syndrome who had congenital heart disease are at increased risk of malnutrition and pulmonary hypertension.
Energy use Efficiency and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Production in the Irrigated Central Clay Plain of Guneid Area - Sudan
Authors: Dahab Mohamed Hassan , Basheeir Elwaleed M. H. , Abdallah Omer Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The main objectives of this study were to determine and analyze energy use efficiency in sugar beet production, and to make cost-benefit analysis in Guneid area - Sudan. An experiment was carried out using three tillage implements (disc plough, disc harrow and ridger) for land preparation, seven days irrigation interval and mechanical planter. The treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized block design. The results showed that total energy consumption in sugar beet production was 35099.20MJha-1, out of which 52.33% of fertilizer energy, 18.0% water energy and 9.0% of diesel energy. The energy use ratio was 28.71 and energy productivity was 1.71kgMJha-1. The results also showed that 73.6% of total energy input was in non-renewable energy form, and only 26.4% was in renewable form, while 34.1% was in from of direct energy and 65.9% indirect energy. Cost-Benefit analyses showed that the total return, net return, benefit–cost ratio and productivity of crop were 2689.6 US$ha-1, 990.8 US$ha-1, 1.58. and 35.3kgUSD-1 respectively. Although large amounts of energy consumption for sugar beet production increased the yield, it also caused in problems related to environmental pollution, land degradation, nutrient loading and pesticide toxicity. Therefore, it is important to look for methods and systems that can reduce the negative effect of high energy inputs and to develop more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly agricultural production systems that increase energy use efficiency and crop yield.
Comparative Study of Anti Microbial Activity of Dose Dependent Silver Nanoparticle Preparation, Iodophor and Chlorhexidine against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Strains
Authors: Pradeep Rajasri , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2020

Iodophor, chlorhexidine and silver nanoparticle preparation were tested against Extended spectrum beta lactamase strains (ESBL strains) in this study. This was done in order to compare the antibacterial activities of 5% iodophor, 4% chlorhexidine and silver nanoparticle preparation. A major problem for chemotherapy of bacterial agents in today’s world is the development of multi drug resistance. ESBL is one of the most common problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. Beta lactamase are enzymes which are produced by certain kinds of bacteria. They have the ability to breakdown the active ingredient in certain common antibiotics and thus making them ineffective. Iodophor and chlorhexidine are chemical disinfectants which show antimicrobial activity.  Iodine is said to be one of the most lethal agents that enters the cell and inhibits synthesis of proteins. Iodophors are less toxic and they do not irritate the skin when used for disinfection. Chlorhexidine is also a commonly used antiseptic and they are very commonly used as a disinfectant before surgical procedures and for sterilisation procedures. Silver nanoparticle, another component tested against ESBL strain in this study is a biological preparation. Many studies have described the antimicrobial properties of silver and it is proven to be a powerful bactericidal agent as it can effectively cross biological membranes. Although considered to be toxic at high concentrations in human beings, less than 1% concentration of silver nanoparticle preparation is used for controlling bacteria in dental therapies, wounds, burns and catheters.
An Immunological Outlook on SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Its Current Clinical Status
Authors: Sahoo Jyoti Prakash , Mohapatra Upasana , Mahapatra Sushree Suparna , Panda Koustava Kumar , Ganesh Pushpalatha , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Samal Kailash Chandra , Behera Suraj Kumar
Published: November 2020

The SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in 2019 and rapidly spread across the globe for which the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This viral disease is extremely contagious and infectious in nature and the general symptoms include fever, cough and pneumonia followed by a loss of taste, diarrhoea, shortness of breath, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. The disease has caused unprecedented risk against the global fitness scenario and therefore have altered the socio-economic-political structure of society. There has been no reported cases of any immunity against the virus, however immune-compromised people are extremely vulnerable to this disease.  The diagnosis of the disease is usually done by quantitative Real-time PCR but other methods of detection like serological testing is gaining prominence these days.  Approaches are directed towards the development of vaccine candidates and a search is on towards the discovery of potential drugs. Needless to say, the genome architecture of the virus and the viral proteins mounting an immune response play a key role in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. The review article presents an overview of the science behind the pandemic along with the structural chemistry of the pathogen, the prognosis and the vaccine candidates in different stages of development. The review would be beneficial to the scientific fraternity and the common men at large in understanding the central role of the immune system towards the development of successful clinical strategies for diagnosis and therapy to avoid the future encounters by the virus.
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness about Anticancer Antibiotics among Dental Students
Authors: Natarajan Kalaivani , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Subhashree R.
Published: November 2020

Cancer is considered to be one of the major threats throughout the world. Treatment for cancer involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgeries. Different groups of drugs are used for chemotherapy. Anticancer antibiotics are such groups that act against tumor cells that are in a phase of continuous division and do not harm the cells in the resting phase. This study was a question-based survey. A questionnaire about anticancer antibiotics, its types, it's uses, and the clinical scenario was administered to a group of dentists. The questionnaire had a set of questions and corresponding options, the participants had to choose one among the options. The questions were simple and easy. The results obtained were collected and tabulated. The participants were of equal ratio with 50 male and 50 female participants.  About 57.1% of the participants were not aware about anticancer antibiotics. As dentists, it is important to know how to diagnose oral cancer, and the treatment options available for those patients. In this study, we could see that the participants’ knowledge about anticancer antibiotics was less than adequate. Proper training and conferences should be conducted to improve their knowledge.
A Highly Flexible and Lightweight MnO2/Graphene Membrane for Superior Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Wang Jian‐Gan , Liu Huanyan , You Zongyuan , Li Zhen , Kang Feiyu , Wei Bingqing
Published: November 2020

Batteries powering next‐generation flexible and wearable electronic devices require superior mechanical bendability and foldability. Herein, a self‐standing hybrid nanoarchitecture constructed by ultralong MnO2 nanowires and graphene nanosheets as an advanced and lightweight cathodes for flexible and foldable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is designed and fabricated. The new‐designed batteries exhibit not only a high energy density of 436 Wh kg−1 based on the total cathode mass but also good 2000‐cycling durability. More importantly, the shape‐deformable ZIBs can be operated without any capacity loss under both bent and folded circumstances. The foldable ZIBs with high energy density and long lifetime hold great promise for smart and wearable electronics.
Hydroxyapatite–Bovine Serum Albumin–Paclitaxel Nanoparticles for Locoregional Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Qiao Zhiguang , Gao Jian , Wu Fengren , Sun Binbin , Lian Meifei , Qian Jiwen , Su Yue , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhu Bangshang
Published: November 2020

Osteosarcoma is the most primary type of bone tumor occurring in the pediatric and adolescent age groups. In order to obtain the most appropriate prognosis, both tumor recurrence inhibition and bone repair promotion are required. In this study, a ternary nanoscale biomaterial/antitumor drug complex including hydroxyapatite (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and paclitaxel (PTX) is prepared for post‐surgical cancer treatment of osteosarcoma in situ. The HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles, about 55 nm in diameter with drug loading efficiency (32.17 wt%), have sustained release properties of PTX and calcium ions (Ca2+) and low cytotoxicity to human fetal osteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) cells in vitro. However, for osteosarcoma (143B) cells, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability are significantly inhibited. The in situ osteosarcoma model studies demonstrate that HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles have significant anticancer effects and can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. Meanwhile, the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction proves that the HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles can promote the osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the HA–BSA–PTX nanodrug delivery system combined with sustained drug release, antitumor, and osteogenesis effects is a promising agent for osteosarcoma adjuvant therapy.
3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics
Authors: Sachyani Keneth Ela , Kamyshny Alexander , Totaro Massimo , Beccai Lucia , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: November 2020

Soft robotics is a growing field of research, focusing on constructing motor‐less robots from highly compliant materials, some are similar to those found in living organisms. Soft robotics has a high potential for applications in various fields such as soft grippers, actuators, and biomedical devices. 3D printing of soft robotics presents a novel and promising approach to form objects with complex structures, directly from a digital design. Here, recent developments in the field of materials for 3D printing of soft robotics are summarized, including high‐performance flexible and stretchable materials, hydrogels, self‐healing materials, and shape memory polymers, as well as fabrication of all‐printed robots (multi‐material printing, embedded electronics, untethered and autonomous robotics). The current challenges in the fabrication of 3D printed soft robotics, including the materials available and printing abilities, are presented and the recent activities addressing these challenges are also surveyed.
Solid‐State Li–Metal Batteries: Challenges and Horizons of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes and Their Interfaces
Authors: Kim Kun Joong , Balaish Moran , Wadaguchi Masaki , Kong Lingping , Rupp Jennifer L. M.
Published: November 2020

The introduction of new, safe, and reliable solid‐electrolyte chemistries and technologies can potentially overcome the challenges facing their liquid counterparts while widening the breadth of possible applications. Through tech‐historic evolution and rationally analyzing the transition from liquid‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) to all‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries (ASSLBs), a roadmap for the development of a successful oxide and sulfide‐based ASSLB focusing on interfacial challenges is introduced, while accounting for five parameters: energy density, power density, longterm stability, processing, and safety. First taking a strategic approach, this review dismantles the ASSLB into its three major components and discusses the most promising solid electrolytes and their most advantageous pairing options with oxide cathode materials and the Li metal anode. A thorough analysis of the chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the two most promising and investigated classes of inorganic solid electrolytes, namely oxides and sulfides, is presented. Next, the overriding challenges associated with the pairing of the solid electrolyte with oxide‐based cathodes and a Li‐metal anode, leading to limited performance for solid‐state batteries are extensively addressed and possible strategies to mitigate these issues are presented. Finally, future perspectives, guidelines, and selective interface engineering strategies toward the resolution of these challenges are analyzed and discussed.
Porous Mo2C−MoP Heterostructure on Carbon Cloth for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over a Broad pH Range
Authors: He Mengci , Shi Hongyan , Sun Xiudong , Gao Bo
Published: November 2020

Heterogeneous structure composed of different active materials is an important strategy to improve the HER performance of catalysts, due to the synergistic effects on the interface. Here, we synthesized a Mo2C−MoP heterostructure by phosphating porous β‐Mo2C nanostructures with red phosphorus powder. XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM and TEM results suggested that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure with porous nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth at 550 °C (MoCP‐550), which showed remarkable HER activity over a broad pH range. A low η10 of 51 mV and a small Tafel slope of 56.7 mV dec−1 was achieved in 1.0 M KOH, and a low η10 of 82 mV and a small Tafel slope of 49.8 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. MoCP‐550 also exhibited excellent electrocatalytic stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure has more suitable H* adsorption free energy compared to pure Mo2C and pure MoP.
Inherent Impurities in Graphene/Polylactic Acid Filament Strongly Influence on the Capacitive Performance of 3D‐Printed Electrode
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Ng Siowwoon , Iffelsberger Christian , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2020

Additive manufacturing or 3D‐printing have become promising fabrication techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage applications such as supercapacitors, and batteries. Of late, a commercially available graphene/polylactic acid (PLA) filament has been commonly used for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D‐printing in the fabrication of electrodes for supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries. This graphene/PLA filament contains metal‐based impurities such as titanium oxide and iron oxide. In this study, we show a strong influence of inherent impurities in the graphene/PLA filament for supercapacitor applications. A 3D‐printed electrode is prepared and subsequently thermally activated for electrochemical measurement. A deep insight has been taken to look into the pseudocapacitive contribution from the metal‐based impurities which significantly enhanced the overall capacitance of the 3D‐printed graphene/PLA electrode. A systematic approach has been shown to remove the impurities from the printed electrodes. This has a broad implication on the interpretation of the capacitance of 3D‐printed composites.