bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current state of the forage base of section of the Dnieper river within the Smolensk region
Authors: Nikitenko Alexey , Tyulin Dmitry , Goryachev Dmitry , Smirnov Andrey , Uskova Svetlana , Hristenko Galina , Eremkin Sergey , Zharikova Valentina , Stroganov Andrey Nickolaevich
Published: November 2023

The paper presents materials on the state of aquatic bioresources and their habitat in the Dnieper River within the borders of the Smolensk region, according to 2019 data. The ichthyofauna of the Dnieper River within the surveyed area did not differ in species diversity: 10 species of fish belonging to the families Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae) and perch (Percidae) were identified. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) dominated, the subdominants were chub (Squalius cephalus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis). The average oligochaete index, ranging from 21 to 50%, characterizes the waters of the river as slightly polluted and belonging to class II quality. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms and green algae. As part of zooplankton, representatives of the genus Brachionus dominated among rotifers, and crustaceans of the genus Bosmina dominated among branchiformes. The composition of zoobenthos was dominated by larvae of chironomids, subdominants – oligochaetes. The Dnieper River within the borders of the Smolensk region, according to our data, is characterized by the level of development of phytoplankton and zooplankton as a "low-feeding" area for phytophagous fish and zooplanktophages, and by the level of development of zoobenthos as a "high-feeding" area. The ichthyofauna of the studied area is characterized by the presence of predatory and omnivorous fish, the presence of phytophages and zooplanktophages is not characteristic, which may be due to the peculiarities of the state of the natural food supply.
Formation and modern structure of fisheries science in Japan
Authors: Kurmazov Aleksandr
Published: November 2023

Russia has a long-standing, albeit difficult, relationship in the field of fisheries with Japan, including close scientific and technical cooperation. The domestic specialized literature contains little information about the scientific support of the Japanese fishing industry. To fill this gap, the article provides information about the process of formation of fisheries science in Japan, its components at the present time, and the legislative regulation of this area. An analysis of the relationship between the state and the entire scientific community working in the interests of the fishing industry is given. Japanese fisheries science is assessed as a highly structured, complex system. The main problems in this area at present are given.
Analysis of the impact of temperature changes on aquatic biological resources and the quality of their habitat on the example of the Black Sea
Authors: Tsarev Andrey , Popova Elena , Erina Oksana
Published: November 2023

The article provides a brief overview of the work devoted to the analysis of the current water quality standard for temperature. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the system of water quality regulation of water bodies both in Russia and abroad, an analysis of the regulatory legal framework governing the issue of establishing requirements for water quality standards. The analysis of stock data and literature sources on the study of the influence of temperature on the state of aquatic organisms, including ichthyofauna, is carried out. It was found that when approving the current temperature standard, no studies were conducted on marine ecosystems, and the peculiarities of the temperature regime of the southern seas were not taken into account. In order to develop reasonable proposals on the need to adjust the temperature standard, a program of integrated marine research in the Black Sea has been developed.
Developing the inoculation procedure for high-quality cast iron with flake graphite, intended for large-size casting (bottom or distance plates and counterweights) – produced in Krakodlew Foundry S.A.
Authors:   Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Guzik Edward , Świątkowski Adrian , Szczęsny Andrzej , Kopyciński Dariusz , Mirek Piotr , Piotrowski Krzysztof ,   Krakodlew S.A
Published: November 2023

This article presents the first part of the research on the production of large-sizecastings, such as bottom plates and counterweights produced in the KrakodlewS.A. foundry. Castings of this type are not complicated in terms of construction butmust meet certain requirements, namely to be able to withstand the effects of hightemperature and associated stresses, or to have specific dimensions and weight inthe case of counterweights. In both cases, the most common method of formingcastings is horizontal moulding. However, this requires a lot of time for machiningthe finished castings. Forming heavy castings in a vertical orientation, although muchmore problematic, can mean that the amount of time required for machining may bereduced. The research presents the effect of overheating temperature on the effectsof inoculation with the Zircinoc inoculant, in which it was shown that increasing thetemperature by fifty degrees increased the amount of eutectic grains by around11–15%.
Living Space: The Contemporary Housing Environment as a Place for the Family
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, Dudzic-Gyurkovich Karolina
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses housing areas from the perspective of meeting the livingneeds of families. In recent decades, significant changes have been observedin Poland both in terms of the formation of new housing complexes and insocial expectations regarding living conditions. The new housing complexesdiffer significantly from the traditional, typical ones with distinctive architectureand low-standard common spaces, commonly referred to as panel blockhousing estates. Previous research on housing environment quality generallypoints to the need to create developments that provide the highest possiblequality of life. These studies focused on the problems of one particular groupof residents, such as children, seniors or people with disabilities. However,families, which make up a significant portion of the population and are importantusers, have not been adequately addressed in urban planning studies to date.Therefore, this problem merits investigation and existing research methods orurban development concepts that can be used to evaluate residential areasshould be identified as should factors and spatio-functional characteristics ofresidential areas that can influence the creation of high-quality space for families.This study, based on a literature review, evaluated two selected developmentmodels in terms of providing optimal living conditions for families. It was foundthat current proposals may be useful in determining features of family-dedicatedspace, yet they display a range of deficiencies that should be addressed.The study’s conclusions can be used as a basis for further investigation and asrecommendations in the context of planning and urban policymaking
Office spaces design tendencies after the covid-19 pandemic in comparison with well Building Standard evaluation
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of TechnologyInstitute of Workplaces, Sport and Service Architecture, Taczalska-Ryniak Anna
Published: November 2023

The CovId-19 pandemic has accelerated digitisation processes, improvedremote communication systems and revolutionised office work systems. It ishighly probable that all of these changes will convert office areas and officemanagement in the near future. Remote work has brought employers attentionto their employees’ health and wellbeing, as they have been proven to be themain driving force in their companies. Additionally, there is a growing interestin certifying buildings according to the principles of the WELL Building Standard,a system that focuses on evaluating those design and organisational aspectsthat have a direct impact on the wellbeing of building users. This publicationis intended as a review, and the aim of this article is to analyse if following WELLcertification rules can help to design a modern office that suits a post-pandemic society.
El Juicio en Ausencia del Procesado en los Delitos de Acción Penal Privada
Authors: Amancha Criollo Diego Xavier , Medina Medina Vanessa Estefanía
Published: November 2023

Dentro del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, priman los derechos constitucionales, su respeto y garantía. Es por ello que, dentro del texto constitucional, se estipulan algunos principios que consolidan las garantías básicas del debido proceso que se deben seguir para conseguir la máxima tutela de derechos en el ámbito procesal. El sistema penal ecuatoriano es completamente garantista de derechos, sin embargo, aún en la normativa reformada en el año 2023, siguen existiendo preceptos que resultan inconstitucionales. Uno de estos, es que, en el caso de los procedimientos para el ejercicio privado de la acción penal, la audiencia puede llevarse a cabo sin la presencia de la persona querellada, conforme lo estipula taxativamente el artículo 649 numeral 5to del Código Orgánico Integral Penal. Lo cual contradice de lleno con el texto constitucional y con el bloque de constitucional que garantizan al procesado el ejercicio pleno de una defensa dentro de un juicio que se lleva en su contra. Para esto, se plantea como objetivo general, el analizar el juicio en ausencia del procesado en los delitos de acción penal privada, por lo que, se empleó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, bajo la utilización del método exegético de investigación. Para obtener como resultado que, en efecto juzgar a una persona en su ausencia vulnera sus derechos constitucionales, pero en este caso en particular esta constitucionalidad es condicionada.
El rectorado de Juan Antonio Ribeyro y el impacto de la reforma educativa de 1876 en la Universidad de San Marcos (1876-1886)
Authors: Abanto Chani Julio César
Published: November 2023

Esta investigación se centra en hacer un balance sobre el impacto de la reforma educativa de 1876 a través del análisis de tres indicadores durante rectorado de Ribeyro: el papel de la autonomía universitaria, la relevancia como proyecto de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Administrativas, y el desenvolvimiento de los estudiantes y profesores universitarios. Ribeyro afrontó el inicio de la guerra del Pacífico y la posterior ocupación chilena, la cual afectó gravemente a la universidad e influyó directamente en la dinámica académica que desarrollaron docentes y estudiantes.
Un acontecimiento olvidado de la Independencia: la masacre de extranjeros pro patriotas en el Callao (1820)
Authors: Campero Paredes Renán Daniel
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es sacar del olvido, a través de la revisión de fuentes contemporáneas a los hechos e investigaciones historiográficas, este interesante acontecimiento en el marco de la independencia de nuestro país y reflexionar sobre la participación de las masas populares, en conjunto con el gobierno virreinal, en la llamada Masacre del Callao de 1820, intentando determinar si dicho evento fue el resultado del fidelismo de la población chalaca en la época estudiada.
Teachers’ appraisal of classroom physical environment on students’ academic performance in Kenya certificate of secondary education in Laikipia county
Authors: Macharia Margaret , Okoth Ursulla , Mugambi Mercy
Published: November 2023

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has declared that education is fundamental human rights to the well-being of any society. Therefore, the study was motivated by the need to improve students’ academic performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination, a case in Laikipia County, Kenya. The study was guided by one objective. To determine the extent to which appraisal of teachers on classroom physical environment influences students’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Laikipia County. The study targeted 94 public secondary schools which comprises of 94 principals and 1100 teachers in Laikipia County. Purposive sampling was used to select 45 principals while simple random sampling was used to select 300 teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect data from principals and teachers. The findings of the null hypothesis there is no significant relationship between teacher appraisal on classroom physical environment and students’ performance using Chi square test was (df=16, Pearson X2=233.083, p=0.005 at 0.05 significance level). The null hypothesis was rejected hence there is a significant relationship between teacher appraisal on classroom physical environment and students’ performance to both principals and teachers to enhance establishment of effective appraisal process and Teachers Service Commission to have a well-placed sound policy and include all stakeholders, well-defined criterion on how to appraise, promote and appoint competent and experienced principals because a number of them lack competency in appraisal process.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS FACIAL WASH GEL ARANG AKTIF CANGKANG NIPAH SEBAGAI PEMBERSIH WAJAH
Authors: Lestari Uce , Griselta Eugenia , Muhaimin
Published: November 2023

Arang aktif cangkang nipah memiliki daya serap yang baik dibandingkan dengan daya serap arang aktif cangkang kelapa yaitu 708,69 mg/g, sedangkan daya serap arang aktif cangkang kelapa adalah 477,83 mg/g. Daya serap arang aktif cangkang nipah dapat digunakan sebagai kosmetik dengan diformulasikan sebagai facial wash gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui facial wash gel arang aktif cangkang nipah efektif membersihkan minyak dan kotoran pada wajah, mengetahui facial wash gel arang aktif cangkang nipah dapat melembabkan dan tidak mengiritasi kulit sehingga aman untuk digunakan. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan uji iritasi, uji minyak, uji kelembapan, uji secara mikroskopik, dan uji kecerahan kulit. Berdasarkan uji yang telah dilakukan, penggunaan facial wash gel arang aktif cangkang nipah dapat menurunkan persentase minyak pada wajah 16-24%, dapat meningkatkan persentase kelembaban kulit 13-20%, efektif membersihkan 8 dari 10 panelis, dan dapat meningkatkan kecerahan kulit 1 tingkat pada 6 dari 10 panelis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa facial wash gel arang aktif cangkang nipah efektif membersihkan minyak dan kotoran pada wajah, dapat meningkatkan kelembapan kulit dan tidak mengiritasi kulit sehingga aman untuk digunakan.
Kata Kunci : Facial wash gel, arang aktif, nipah
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SD
Authors: Ningsih Diah Ayu Setia , Hambali Hilmi , Imran Muh Erwinto
Published: November 2023

Pada pembelajaran abad 21 ini perlu menerapkan pembelajaran 4C terutama kemampuan berpikir kritis. Namun, kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik khususnya di sekolah dasar masih rendah. Sehingga perlu diterapkannya sebuah model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendiskripsikan penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus yang setiap siklusnya dilaksanakan dengan 3 kali pertemuan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model PBL dalam pembelajaran terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Pada siklus pertama yang tuntas secara individual dari 10 siswa hanya 5 siswa atau 50% yang memenuhi kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis. Kemudian meningkat pada siklus II dimana dari 10 siswa terdapat 8 siswa atau 80% telah memenuhi kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis dan secara klasikal sudah terpenuhi yaitu nilai rata-ratanya 73.2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Tema Organ Gerak Hewan dan Manusia pada siswa kelas V SDI Parangkantisang melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) mengalami peningkatan.
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DAN RESPON PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Nokiawati Novik , Rijanto Tri , Ismawati Rita , Marniati  , Cholik Mochamad
Published: November 2023

Pembelajaran pascapademi Covid-19 menuntut adanya banyak penyesuaian, dikarenakan pembelajaran tatap muka belum dapat berjalan secara optimal dan peserta didik lebih banyak melaksanakan pembelajaran secara online di rumah. Peserta didikpun dituntut untuk memiliki kemadirian belajar atau self-regulated learning (SRL) sebagai faktor penting dalam pencapaian kompetensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemandirian belajar dan respon pembelajaran peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran  Boga Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel teknik sampling jenuh dengan jumlah sampel 150 peserta didik pada SMK N 1 Kertosono dan SMK Kusuma Negara Kertosono yang sedang mendapatkan mata pelajaran Boga Dasar, dengan variabel kemandirian belajar (X1), respon pembelajaran (X2) dan hasil belajar (Y). Instrumen untuk kemandirian belajar dan respon pembelajaran Boga Dasar menggunakan skala likert dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda, uji t dan uji F berbantuan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menujukkan terdapat pengaruh  kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar dengan nilai signifikansi 0,048<0,05 dan nilai t hitung 1,993>t tabel 1,976, terdapat pengaruh respon pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar dengan  nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05 dan nilai t hitungnya 5,491>t tabel 1,976, dan terdapat pengaruh kemandirian belajar dan respon pembelajaran secara bersama terhadap hasil belajar dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05 dan nilai F hitung 52,594>F tabel 3,06 dengan pengaruh sebesar 41,7%.
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI QUIZIZZ UNTUK MENGUKUR ASPEK KOGNITIF SISWA SD PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Rubingah Nurur , Hakiky Nur , Wicaksono Andri , Hidayati Yulia Maftuhah , Desstya Anatri
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan quizizz dalam pengukuran pemahaman murid dalam aspek kognitif  tingkat sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini di terapkan pada siswa  kelas 4 sejumlah 6 Peserta didik,1 Guru Kelas, 1 Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 3 Nanggulan, Kecamatan Cawas, Kabupaten Klaten sebagai subjeknya. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan termasuk dalam   penelitian kualitatif. Untuk menguji keabsahan data dilakukan uji triangulasi menggunakan uji triangulasi teknik dan uji triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian guru memanfaatkan quizizz untuk mengukur aspek kognitif murid dalam  mata pelajaran matematika. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukannya kebaruan fitur-fitur dalam quizizz dibandingkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Fitur yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur aspek kognitif mata pelajaran matematika adalah live quiz dan paper mode dan bentuk soal yang bisa digunakan adalah multiple choice.
PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI DALAM MENUMBUHKAN PERCAYA DIRI SISWA SD
Authors: Dian Aprelia Rukmi  , Firotun Nisa Ana , Yustina Armi , Vitriani Desti , Nurhayati Siwi
Published: November 2023

Pembelajaran diferensiasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran dengan memperhatikan karakteristik gaya belajar peserta didik, baik menggunakan visual, audio, maupun kinestetik. Sehingga peserta didik dapat memilih gaya belajar yang mereka inginkan dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menganalisis pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap percaya diri peserta didik kelas V di SD Negeri Kiyaran 2 Kapanewon Cangkringan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes diagnostik, observasi, unjuk kerja, dan tes akhir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi memberikan dampak positif terhadap percaya diri peserta didik. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya nilai rata-rata percaya diri peserta didik dari kondisi awal 60,77 meningkat menjadi 73,85. Selain itu, dari penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi diperoleh peningkatan nilai rata-rata peserta didik yang semula 59,71 meningkat menjadi 80,21. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat diketahui peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM adalah 85,71%.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN LUDO PANTUN PADA PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS PANTUN
Authors: Astuti Marni , Elfitra Legi , Loren Fabio Testy Ariance
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini untuk mengukur tingkat praktikalitas dan validitas dari media pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan. Dalam penelitian ini mengggunakan model 4D yaitu definition, design, development dan disseminate. Namun dalam penelitian ini hanya pada sampai tahap development saja. Adapun teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui kuisioner, observasi dan wawancara. Sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data digunakan diskriptif kualitatif guna menganalisis saran, masukan serta komentar, dan untuk deskriptif kuantitatif guna menganalisis skor penilaian praktikalitas dan validitas. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa media Ludo Pantun ini memiliki persentase validitas ahli media hingga 85% dikatakan kategori sangat valid, sedangkan validasi ahli materi hingga 76% dikatakan kategori valid. Kemudian, uji coba praktilitas media untuk siswa dilakukan dan diperoleh persentase nya hingga 85,5% kategori sangat praktis dan kelompok kecil adalah 85,3% persentasenya hingga 85,3% sangat praktis bagi kelompok besar. Sehingga bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa media Ludo Pantun bisa menjadi acuan penelitian selanjutnya guna mengetahui tingkat efektivitas media serta bisa menjadi referensi untuk pengembangan media visual yang lain.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN TPACK PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Ningsih Prapti Octavia , Alkhasanah Nuraini , Isnaini Yusrika Firda , Maulana Ikhsan , Hidayati Yulia Maftuhah , Desstya Anatri
Published: November 2023

Model pembelajaran PJBL dan konsep TPACK serta penerapannya pada pembelajaran di sekolah akan memberikan dampak positif terhadap pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Dalam penerapannya guru belum terbiasamenggunakan metode ini tetapi terbiasa menggunakan pembelajaran tradisional student centered. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan penerapan PJBL dengan pendekatan TPACK dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas VI SD Negeri sidorejo 02. Dalam penerapan ini, guru berperan sebagai fasilitator dan pendamping siswa dalam menjalankan proyek, sementara siswa berperan sebagai pembelajar aktif yang mencari solusi atas tantangan yang diberikan. Dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan jenis peneltian fenomenologi yang akan mendeskripsikan proses penerapan pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan  data dengan observasi, wawancara, pemberian tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunujukan bahwa penerapan Model Project Based Learning dengan pendekatan TPACK pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VI SD Negeri Sidorejo 02 sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan visi misi sekolah. Dampak yang positifnya adalah  pembelajaran semakin menarik, meningkatkan prestasi akademik maupun non akademik murid, pembelajaran tidak menjenuhkan, guru lebih kreatif.
PELAKSANAAN TRIAS USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Dinatha Ngurah Mahendra , Made Dewi Sariyani  , Gervarsia Virjinlia Anita Dhena  , Maria Stefania Wae
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) di SD Kabupaten Ngada yang meliputi pengelolaan UKS dan program Trias UKS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling untuk menentukan jumlah sampel yang diteliti di SD se-Kabupaten Ngada. Dari hasil undian didapatkanlah 16 sekolah yang dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan Pelaksanaan Program Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Se-Kabupaten Ngada berkategori cukup, secara keseluruhan terdapat 0 sekolah (0,00%) dalam kategori sangat tinggi, 3 sekolah (18,75%) dalam kategori tinggi, 7 sekolah (43,75%) dalam kategori cukup, 5 sekolah (31,25%) dalam kategori rendah, 1 sekolah (6,25%) dalam kategori sangat rendah.
Considering the Single and Binary Origins of the Type IIP SN 2017eaw
Authors: Bostroem K. Azalee , Zapartas Emmanouil , Koplitz Brad , Williams Benjamin F. , Tran Debby , Dolphin Andrew
Published: November 2023

Current population synthesis modeling suggests that 30%–50% of Type II supernovae originate from binary progenitors; however, the identification of a binary progenitor is challenging. One indicator of a binary progenitor is that the surrounding stellar population is too old to contain a massive single star. Measurements of the progenitor mass of SN 2017eaw are starkly divided between observations made temporally close to core collapse, which show a progenitor mass of 13–15 M
⊙ (final helium-core mass

M

He
,
core

=
4.4
–
6.0

M

⊙

—which is a more informative property than initial mass) and those from the stellar population surrounding the SN, which find M ≤ 10.8 M
⊙ (

M

He
,
core

≤
3.4

M

⊙

). In this paper, we reanalyze the surrounding stellar population with improved astrometry and photometry, finding a median age of

16.8

−
1.0

+
3.2

Myr for all stars younger than 50 Myr (

M

He
,
core

=
4.7

M

⊙

) and

85.9

−
6.5

+
3.2

Myr for stars younger than 150 Myr. 16.8 Myr is now consistent with the helium-core mass range derived from the temporally near-explosion observations for single stars. Applying the combined constraints to population synthesis models, we determine that the probability of the progenitor of SN 2017eaw being an initially single star is 65% compared to 35% for prior binary interaction. 85.9 Myr is inconsistent with any formation scenarios. We demonstrate that combining progenitor age constraints with helium-core mass estimates from red supergiant SED modeling, late-time spectra, and indirectly from light-curve modeling can help to differentiate single and binary progenitor scenarios and provide a framework for the application of this technique to future observations.
Constraining Background N2 Inventories on Directly Imaged Terrestrial Exoplanets to Rule Out O2 False Positives
Authors: Hall Sawyer , Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Robinson Tyler , Salvador Arnaud , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: November 2023

Direct imaging spectroscopy with future space-based telescopes will constrain terrestrial planet atmospheric composition and potentially detect biosignature gases. One promising indication of life is abundant atmospheric O2. However, various non-biological processes could also lead to O2 accumulation in the atmospheres of potentially habitable planets around Sun-like stars. In particular, the absence of non-condensible background gases such as N2 could result in appreciable H escape and abiotic O2 buildup, so identifying background atmosphere composition is crucial for contextualizing any O2 detections. Here, we perform retrievals on simulated directly imaged terrestrial planets using rfast, a new exoplanet atmospheric retrieval suite with direct imaging analysis capabilities. By simulating Earth-analog retrievals for varied atmospheric compositions, cloud properties, and surface pressures, we determine what wavelength range, spectral resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) are necessary to constrain background gases’ identity and abundance. We find N2 backgrounds can be uniquely identified with S/N ∼ 20 observations, provided that wavelength coverage extends beyond ∼1.6 μm to rule out CO-dominated atmospheres. Additionally, there is a low probability of O2-dominated atmospheres due to an O2–N2 degeneracy that is only totally ruled out at S/N ∼ 40. If wavelength coverage is limited to 0.2–1.1 μm, then although all other cosmochemically plausible backgrounds can be readily excluded, N2 and CO backgrounds cannot be distinguished. Overall, our simulated retrievals and associated integration time calculations suggest that near-infrared coverage to at least 1.6 μm and apertures approaching 8 m are needed to confidently rule out O2 biosignature false positives within feasible integration times.
Mass and Angular Momentum Transport in a Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disk with Improved 3D Radiative Hydrodynamics
Authors: Steiman-Cameron Thomas Y. , Durisen Richard H. , Boley Aaron C. , Michael Scott , Desai Karna , McConnell Caitlin R.
Published: November 2023

During early phases of a protoplanetary disk's life, gravitational instabilities (GIs) can produce significant mass transport, can dramatically alter disk structure, can mix and shock-process gas and solids, and may be instrumental in planet formation. We present a 3D grid-based radiative hydrodynamics study with varied resolutions of a 0.07 M
⊙ disk orbiting a 0.5 M
⊙ star as it settles over most of its radial extent into a quasi-steady asymptotic state that maintains approximate balance between heating produced by GIs and radiative cooling governed by realistic dust opacities. We assess disk stability criteria, thermodynamic properties, strengths of GIs, characteristics of density waves and torques produced by GIs, radial mass transport arising from these torques, and the level to which transport can be represented as local or nonlocal processes. Physical and thermal processes display distinct differences between inner optically thick and outer optically thin regions of the disk. In the inner region, gravitational torques are dominated by low-order Fourier components of the azimuthal mass distribution. These torques are strongly variable on the local dynamical time and are subject to rapid flaring presumably driven by recurrent swing amplification. In the outer region, m = 1 torques dominate. Ring-like structures exhibiting strong noncircular motions, and vortices develop near the inner edge between 8 and 14 au. We find that GI-induced spiral modes erupt in a chaotic manner over the whole low-Q part of the disk, with many spiral modes appearing and disappearing, producing gravitoturbulence, but dominated by fluctuating large-scale modes, very different from a simple α-disk.
Identifying Physical Structures in Our Galaxy with Gaussian Mixture Models: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Tiwari M. , Kievit R. , Kabanovic S. , Bonne L. , Falasca F. , Guevara C. , Higgins R. , Justen M. , Karim R. , Kavak Ü. , Pabst C. , Pound M. W. , Schneider N. , Simon R. , Stutzki J. , Wolfire M. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: November 2023

We explore the potential of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), an unsupervised machine-learning method, to identify coherent physical structures in the interstellar medium. The implementation we present can be used on any kind of spatially and spectrally resolved data set. We provide a step-by-step guide to use these models on different sources and data sets. Following the guide, we run the models on NGC 1977, RCW 120, and RCW 49 using the [C ii] 158 μm mapping observations from the SOFIA telescope. We find that the models identified six, four, and five velocity coherent physical structures in NGC 1977, RCW 120, and RCW 49, respectively, which are validated by analyzing the observed spectra toward these structures and by comparison to earlier findings. In this work we demonstrate that GMM is a powerful tool that can better automate the process of spatial and spectral analysis to interpret mapping observations.
On the Optical Transients from Double White-dwarf Mergers
Authors: Sousa M. F. , Coelho J. G. , de Araujo J. C. N. , Guidorzi C. , Rueda J. A.
Published: November 2023

Double white dwarf (DWD) mergers are relevant astrophysical sources expected to produce massive, highly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs), supernovae (SNe) Ia, and neutron stars (NSs). Although they are expected to be numerous sources in the sky, their detection has evaded the most advanced transient surveys. This article characterizes the optical transient expected from DWD mergers in which the central remnant is a stable (sub-Chandrasekhar) WD. We show that the expansion and cooling of the merger’s dynamical ejecta lead to an optical emission peaking at 1–10 days postmerger, with luminosities of 1040–1041 erg s−1. We present simulations of the light curves, spectra, and the color evolution of the transient. We show that these properties, together with the estimated rate of mergers, are consistent with the absence of detection, e.g., by the Zwicky Transient Facility. More importantly, we show that the Legacy Survey of Space and Time of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will likely detect a few/several hundred per year, opening a new window to the physics of WDs, NSs, and SNe Ia.
On the “Loose” Constraint from IceCube Neutrino Nondetection of GRB 230307A
Authors: Song Xin-Ying
Published: November 2023

The recent extremely bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) from a binary neutron star merger, GRB 230307A, may offer a good probe for the production of GRB neutrinos. Within the constraint from IceCube neutrino nondetection, the limits for key physical parameters of this burst are extracted in different scenarios, including the fireball, Poynting-flux-dominated, and hybrid jet. Different from the former nearby “monsters” and due to its smaller isotropic equivalent radiated energy (E

γ,iso ∼ 4 × 1052 erg), the constraint seems loose if nonthermal neutrinos produced from photomeson interactions are the only consideration. However, a quasi-thermal neutrino emission from hadronuclear processes is constrained in this neutron-rich postmerger environment, and the upper limit of the allowed nucleon loading factor is ∼a few. Based on this, a discussion is presented on the possible prompt emission mechanism and jet composition for GRB 230307A in the context of multimessenger astrophysics. It is worth noting that until now, no GRB neutrinos have been ever detected, even for the two brightest nearby GRBs ever observed (GRB 221009A and GRB 230307A), which have different dissipation mechanisms.
Spectroscopic Detection of Alfvénic Waves in the Chromospheric Fibrils of a Solar-quiet Region
Authors: Kwak Hannah , Chae Jongchul , Lim Eun-Kyung , Lee Kyoung-Sun , Song Donguk , Yang Heesu
Published: November 2023

We report the detection of transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves, also known as Alfvénic waves, in the chromospheric fibrils of a solar-quiet region. Unlike previous studies that measured transversal displacements of fibrils in imaging data, we investigate the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity oscillations of the fibrils in spectral data. The observations were carried out with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. By applying spectral inversion to the Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å line profiles, we determine various physical parameters, including the LOS velocity in the chromosphere of the quiet Sun. In the Hα data, we select two adjacent points along the fibrils and analyze the LOS velocities at those points. For the time series of the velocities that show high cross-correlation between the two points and do not exhibit any correlation with intensity, we interpret them as propagating Alfvénic wave packets. We identify a total of 385 Alfvénic wave packets in the quiet-Sun fibrils. The mean values of the period, velocity amplitude, and propagation speed are 7.5 minutes, 1.33 km s−1, and 123 km s−1, respectively. We find that the detected waves are classified into three groups based on their periods, namely, 3, 5, and 10 minute bands. Each group of waves exhibits distinct wave properties, indicating a possible connection to their generation mechanism. Based on our results, we expect that the identification of Alfvénic waves in various regions will provide clues to their origin and the underlying physical processes in the solar atmosphere.
Records of the non‐native alga Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta) and their colonial epibionts in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California
Authors: Mendoza-Becerril María , Pedroche Francisco F. , Estrada-González Mariae , Serviere-Zaragoza Elisa
Published: November 2023

Acanthophora spicifera, a red alga considered an alien species, was discovered for the first time on the Pacific coast of Mexico in 2006 from a locality inside La Paz Bay, Gulf of California. Since then, more records have shown its presence, 17 localities having been added up to 2015. A two-year field study (2020-2022) visiting 31 sites along the coast of La Paz Bay, complemented with data from literature and citizen science, resulted in a database of 709 entries that spans the data from 2004 to 2023. These data showed a distribution that goes from Punta Coyote, close to Boca Grande, the northern entrance to the Bay to Playa Tecolote in the south, more than 100 km of coastline, including Espiritu Santo Archipelago, an area considered a natural reserve since 2007. Anthropogenic activity and environmental variables did not present statistical differences that explain A. spicifera spreading. It represents a naturalised alien species without evidence of a negative impact. Still, it soon could acquire the status of invasive species together with its epibionts Bryozoa and Hydrozoa detected in this study.
Distributed Tracing for Troubleshooting of Native Cloud Applications via Rule-Induction Systems
Authors: Poghosyan Arnak , Harutyunyan Ashot , Grigoryan Naira , Pang Clement
Published: November 2023

Diagnosing IT issues is a challenging problem for large-scale distributed cloud environments due to complex and non-deterministic interrelations between the system components. Modern monitoring tools rely on AI-empowered data analytics for detection, root cause analysis, and rapid resolution of performance degradation. However, the successful adoption of AI solutions is anchored on trust. System administrators will not unthinkingly follow the recommendations without sufficient interpretability of solutions. Explainable AI is gaining popularity by enabling improved confidence and trust in intelligent solutions. For many industrial applications, explainable models with moderate accuracy are preferable to highly precise black-box ones. This paper shows the benefits of rule-induction classification methods, particularly RIPPER, for the root cause analysis of performance degradations. RIPPER reveals the causes of problems in a set of rules system administrators can use in remediation processes. Native cloud applications are based on the microservices architecture to consume the benefits of distributed computing. Monitoring such applications can be accomplished via distributed tracing, which inspects the passage of requests through different microservices. We discuss the application of rule-learning approaches to trace traffic passing through a malfunctioning microservice for the explanations of the problem. Experiments performed on datasets from cloud environments proved the applicability of such approaches and unveiled the benefits.
Joint statement by CETAF, SPNHC and BHL on DATA within scientific publications: clarification of [non]copyrightability
Authors: Benichou Laurence , Agosti Donat , Egloff Willi , Hermann Elisa , Kageyama Mariko , Mergen Patricia , Rinaldo Constance , Buschbom Jutta
Published: November 2023

The EU and other states have made legislative efforts to clarify data mining in copyrightable works, but the situation remains obscure and confusing, especially in a globalised field where international legislation can contribute to opacity. The present paper aims at asserting a common position of three communities representing biodiversity sciences and data specialists on this issue and to propose common and best practice guidelines so that they become universally accepted rules.

As scientific data users, we take the standpoint that scientific data are not copyrightable and, furthermore, they can be accessed, shared and reused freely. Thus, once legal access has been gained to copyrighted publications, the data within those scholarly publications can be considered to be open data that is freely extractable. This set of recommendations has been reached specifically for scientific use and societal benefits.
Les dettes publiques nécessaires, un point de vue keynésien
Authors: Sterdyniak Henri
Published: November 2023

Dans les pays avancés, des dettes publiques élevées sont nécessaires car le capitalisme financier induit un déficit structurel de demande ; elles ne coûtent rien tant que les taux d’intérêt sont inférieurs au taux de croissance. Elles satisfont le besoin des ménages et des institutions financières d’un actif sans risque. Leur financement doit toujours être garanti par la banque centrale. Leur soutenabilité n’est pas problématique tant que la politique budgétaire reste flexible. Les traités européens encadrant les politiques budgétaires devraient être remis en cause. Réduire les dettes publiques nécessiterait de repenser la distribution des revenus et d’impulser l’investissement.
Public Debt and Financial Stability in Africa
Authors: Pinto Moreira Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Cet article analyse la nouvelle vague d’endettement de l’Afrique et les limites des initiatives récentes de résolution de la dette. L’initiative de suspension du paiement du service de la dette et celle du cadre commun de traitement des dettes ne semblent pas être à la hauteur des défis que posent l’accumulation rapide de la dette africaine au cours de la décennie écoulée, le changement de sa structure et les risques financiers qui en découlent. L’article appelle à la création d’un mécanisme régional de stabilité financière (MRSF) capable d’adresser les questions de résolution, de gestion et de prévention de la dette africaine. Il présente aussi les caractéristiques principales de ce mécanisme. Cependant, il convient de noter qu’une série de questions fondamentales doivent être résolues pour une mise en œuvre efficace de ce mécanisme. Ces questions sont les suivantes : comment la structure financière de ce mécanisme sera-t-elle établie ? Quel rôle devraient jouer les pays non-régionaux, notamment les pays développés dans la structure de gouvernance et le processus de décision de ce mécanisme ? Quelle sera la relation entre ce mécanisme et les institutions africaines existantes, notamment le Fonds monétaire africain (FMA) et la Banque centrale africaine (BCA), dont la création est annoncée depuis plus de 20 ans, et pourtant toujours différée ? Quel rôle devrait jouer le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) et quelle relation le mécanisme devrait avoir avec le FMI ?
Faire de la France un pays leader en biothérapies et en bioproduction
Authors: Rao Michel , Pliquet Élodie
Published: November 2023

Le développement de nouvelles biothérapies est crucial pour la médecine de précision personnalisée, mais il représente également un défi économique majeur. La France a pris conscience de l’importance de cette filière et a déjà investi dans des programmes de soutien à l’innovation et à la production de biomédicaments. Le gouvernement a lancé une stratégie d’accélération en 2022 avec un budget de 800 millions d’euros pour faire de la France le leader européen en bioproduction. Les principaux axes de cette stratégie incluent l’assurance d’un flux continu d’innovations de la recherche académique, la simplification de l’accès au marché pour les thérapies innovantes, le développement de l’outil industriel et le renforcement de la structuration de la filière. Le succès de cette stratégie nécessite de doubler le nombre d’emplois du secteur, de faire émerger de nouvelles entreprises biotechnologiques et de produire au moins 15 nouveaux biomédicaments d’ici 2030
France Biolead, la filière de bioproduction de biomédicaments
Authors: Lafferrère Laurent
Published: November 2023

France BioLead, la filière de bioproduction de biomédicaments, fédère tous les acteurs de la bioproduction française : les industriels (entreprises pharmaceutiques et de biotechnologies, CDMOs * , CROs ** , équipementiers, fournisseurs de solutions technologiques ou consommables), la recherche académique, les acteurs de la formation, et les pôles de compétitivités, clusters, associations et syndicats professionnels. Sa mission est de structurer, piloter, accompagner et promouvoir une filière unique de bioproduction française avec le soutien de l’État, pour faire de la France un leader en Europe et restaurer l’indépendance et la souveraineté de la France dans ce domaine. Les objectifs majeurs de la filière à horizon 2030 : doubler la part de biomédicaments produits sur le sol français, ainsi que le nombre d’emplois du secteur (passer de 10 000 à 20 000 emplois) et permettre l’émergence d’au moins une nouvelle licorne et cinq nouvelles ETIs de la biotech.
Les biotechnologies, industrie du présent et de l’avenir
Authors: Evans Chloé , Magi Clara , Mouthon Franck
Published: November 2023

Grâce à leur approche très innovante, souvent personnalisée, les biotechnologies en santé par leurs précisions et leurs forts impacts médicaux potentiels, leurs coûts, leurs temps et risques de développement, représentent un changement de paradigme en termes de prise en charge pour les patients. Principalement issues de la recherche académique et publique française, faisant l’excellence de la filière, les biotechs françaises qui développent des biomédicaments se heurtent encore à des enjeux de production sur le territoire, bien que des efforts aient été engagés ces dernières années. L’investissement doit également être encouragé, dans cet effort d’attractivité de nos territoires et de souveraineté, largement soutenu par les pouvoirs publics.
La bioproduction industrielle en France. Comment le Leem contribue à la structuration et à la réussite de la filière bioproduction en France
Authors: Lamoureux Philippe
Published: November 2023

La filière des biotechnologies est le principal axe de développement de l’industrie des médicaments dans le futur. Pour accueillir les biothérapies sur le territoire français et garantir leur accès aux patients, il est nécessaire d’adapter l’appareil de production français et les compétences de ceux qui y travaillent. La position française sur le marché mondial dépendra du maintien d’un très haut niveau de maîtrise technologique et de l’amélioration de la compétitivité des acteurs nationaux. Répondre aux besoins en compétences des industriels de la bioproduction passe par l’identification des nouvelles formations prioritaires, par leur adaptation aux évolutions réglementaires et par la promotion des métiers émergents.
L’action des pôles de compétitivité
Authors: Thierion Élodie , Leygues Jessica , Deleuze Christian
Published: November 2023

La production de biothérapies est une priorité stratégique pour notre souveraineté sanitaire nationale et européenne. Pour atteindre nos objectifs à horizon 2030, être parmi les pays l eaders , la structuration de la filière des biothérapies et de la bioproduction à différentes échelles : régionale, nationale et européenne, est indispensable. Le rôle d’un pôle de compétitivité tel que Medicen Paris Region est de favoriser l’émergence et le développement de projets innovants en santé, en facilitant les collaborations entre les différents acteurs du secteur et en soutenant leur croissance. En région, le pôle stimule la dynamique d’innovation de la filière en lien avec les institutions. La réunion des pôles au sein de l’alliance ENOSIS Santé, ainsi que les relations fortes avec les clusters , tel que Polepharma, co-organisateur du Congrès France Bioproduction avec Medicen, permettent la cohérence des actions nationales et l’alignement avec les priorités de France 2030. Le Conseil européen des BioRégions réunit les bioclusters pour promouvoir la souveraineté européenne et la résilience de la filière, à l’instar du projet Bioman4R2.