bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferenças individuais e efeitos de feedback na aquisição de verbos no pretérito em espanhol como L2
Authors: Preuss Elena Ortiz , Oliveira Wilson José de , Almeida Joesileny Batista de , Rodrigues Rhanya Rafaella
Published: July 2020

Este artigo trata de um estudo de observação dos efeitos do feedback no ensino de espanhol como L2 e suas correlações com diferenças individuais na capacidade de memória de trabalho e de atenção dos aprendizes. Os dois grupos de participantes passaram por um período de instrução formal sobre os usos dos pretéritos em espanhol, sendo que cada grupo recebeu um tipo diferente de feedback. Respectivamente, antecederam e procederam à instrução, pré-teste e pós-teste que incluíam três tarefas linguísticas: de julgamento de gramaticalidade, de compreensão frasal e de produção de frases. Houve também testes para medir a capacidade de atenção e de memória de trabalho. Resultados: o grupo que recebeu feedback explícito aumentou seus escores no pós-teste em todas as tarefas e o grupo que recebeu feedback implícito aumentou as médias de julgamento de gramaticalidade e de produção de frases. Houve correlações entre as diferenças individuais e efeitos dos feedback, principalmente entre capacidade de memória de trabalho e desempenho dos participantes.
Actividades orientadas al desarrollo de la motivación para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera a adultos extranjeros residentes en Melilla
Authors: Mohamed Al-lal Faysal
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo trata de establecer un nexo entre la motivación y el uso de actividades con significado personal en las clases de enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. El estudio intenta averiguar si las actividades que tienen significado personal y estimulan la interacción en el grupo resultan ser más motivadoras para estudiantes adultos marroquíes en un contexto de inmersión. Los resultados de la investigación han confirmado la hipótesis que la realización de este tipo de actividades motiva al alumnado y aumenta su confianza en sí mismo, por un lado; por otro, ayuda a crear un ambiente seguro y ameno dentro del aula.
Diálogos de recriação entre literatura e cinema: as Eréndiras do verbo e da imagem em movimento
Authors: Pereira Luis Eduardo Santos
Published: July 2020

O objeto central assumido neste estudo são os diálogos entre sistemas de signos da relação cinema-literatura. Esta relação principal será observada tomando por base representações ligadas ao imaginário cultural latino-americano. A partir de múltiplos fatores e modelos de estudo que incluem o cinema, procura-se analisar o movimento do processo criativo entre as obras La increíble y triste historia de la cândida Eréndira y de su abuela desalmada (1972), de García Márquez, e o filme Eréndira (1983), de Ruy Guerra. Para além de cuidar de uma relação de análise em que o filme está somente baseado no conto, busca-se pensar como os contextos culturais dos artistas e os potenciais representativos dos sistemas de signos em jogo ressignificam leituras que se materializam criando uma interpenetração dos discursos artísticos. Portanto, o presente trabalho se empenha em apresentar leituras cruzadas que possibilitam compreender o tratamento de questões culturais representadas no conto pelo ponto de vista dos recursos cinematográficos e o mesmo ao revés.
Utilização dos bioestimuladores de colágeno na harmonização orofacial
Authors: Lima Natália Barbosa de , Soares Marilia De Lima
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho aborda brevemente o processo de envelhecimento facial para revisar e discutir a utilização dos bioestimuladores de colágeno empregados na harmonização orofacial visando o rejuvenescimento da face. Método: Foi pesquisado nas bases SciELO, BIREME e PubMed por artigos publicados até 2019, nos idiomas inglês e português. Os critérios de inclusão englobaram artigos originais que analisaram ou discutiram sobre os preenchedores cutâneos com capacidade bioestimuladora e o processo de envelhecimento facial; no total,72 artigos foram considerados elegíveis para esta revisão de literatura. Discussão: No mercado dermatológico existem quatro preenchedores cutâneos (ácido poli-L-láctico, hidroxiapatita de cálcio, policaprolactona e polimetilmetacrilato) que possuem a faculdade de estimular a neocolagênese a partir de uma resposta inflamatória subclínica localizada por parte do corpo do paciente. Cada produto possui suas particularidades quanto à composição, o tempo de início do efeito, e a durabilidade. De acordo com a literatura, todos os preenchedores cutâneos são considerados eficazes e seguros, podendo ser utilizados por profissionais devidamente capacitados. Conclusão: mesmo os bioestimuladores de colágeno sendo excelentes materiais capazes de prevenir ou reverter os efeitos do envelhecimento facial, não existe, porém, um bioestimulador dérmico perfeito, pois todos podem gerar efeitos adversos, devendo o profissional saber selecionar o produto ideal para o tratamento de cada paciente.
Towards a Re-imagination of the New African Diaspora in Australia
Authors: Hiruy Kiros , Hutton Rebecca Anne
Published: July 2020

The ‘New African Diaspora’ (NAD) in Australia is a small yet diverse and interconnected community. African-born persons make up only 1.5 % of the Australian population, yet collectively represent all 54 independent African nation-states, and speak over 60 languages. Nonetheless, Australia embraces stereotypical and misleading understandings of the ‘African migrant’, and whilst these have been subject to academic scrutiny, there is a need to reconceptualise the NAD in both public and academic discourse. This article endeavours to challenge contemporary perceptions through an exploration of the history and demography of the NAD and the manifold ways it continues to shape Australia’s socio-cultural and economic landscapes. We draw upon our findings from a 2018 mapping project, which comprised analyses of publicly available migration data, an online survey, and a series of six in-depth interviews. Our analysis unveils the central role the NAD plays in brokering between multiple cultures and geographies.
Investors, States, and Arbitrators in the Crosshairs of International Investment Law and Environmental Protection
Authors: Baltag Crina , Dautaj Ylli
Published: July 2020

The global environmental disruption caused by human activity is firmly entrenched as a scientific fact. The present paper looks at the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system and inquires whether this is the most suitable transnational venue for resolving investment disputes that have an environmental component. This culminates essentially in whether arbitration is a legitimate forum and whether privately appointed arbitrators appropriately can resolve environmental-related disputes. These disputes are bound to increase in frequency because host-States are also partaking in global efforts to respond to environmental challenges.

This paper makes several points. First, ISDS is the best equipped venue for addressing investment disputes that have an environmental or natural resources component. Second, the “regulatory chill” and the alleged “investor bias” arguments are unsubstantiated whereas, a balance must be struck between backlash, legitimacy, and workability. Third, ISDS will eventually and inevitably facilitate green-investors, while holding States accountable for green-undertakings, and therefore continue to effectively enforce the rule of law globally. Fourth, arbitrators must adapt to their role of handling disputes at the intersection of international investment law and environmental law; this means that a thorough thick rule of law must effectively be implemented. Fifth, International Investment Agreements (IIA s) should be reconsidered or interpreted in order to accommodate for investors’ obligations, as well as widening the scope of States’ regulatory powers. Finally, ISDS will only remain the best alternative if it sticks to its fundamental elements, in particular by utilizing the regime’s flexibility to allow counterclaims from host States. Only such reform-proposals that preserve and enhance the fundamental elements of international arbitration should be seriously considered.
The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of American Samoa
Authors: RABAGLIA ROBERT J. , BEAVER ROGER A. , JOHNSON ANDREW J. , SCHMAEDICK MARK A. , SMITH SARAH M.
Published: July 2020

A survey of five of the islands of American Samoa was conducted from 2016–2018 utilizing multi-funnel traps baited with ethanol and quercivorol (attractants for xyleborine ambrosia beetles). Specimens of Scolytinae and Platypodinae from this survey, as well as specimens in the American Samoa Community College Collection were identified. A total of 53 species of Scolytinae and two species of Platypodinae are reported. Fourteen species of Scolytinae and one species of Platypodinae are reported as new to American Samoa. The following new synonymy and new combinations are proposed: Xyleborinus artelineatus (Beeson, 1929) (=Xyleborinus cinctipennis (Schedl, 1980) syn. nov.; Ambrosiophilus wilderi (Beeson, 1929) comb. nov. from Ambrosiodmus; Beaverium swezeyi (Beeson, 1929) comb. nov. from Xyleborus; and Debus fallaxoides (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov. from Xyleborus. The distribution on the islands of American Samoa and taxonomic history of each species is provided.
Description of a new species of Paratullbergia (Collembola, Tullbergiidae) from China with the report of an abnormal antenna
Authors: GAO YAN , BU YUN
Published: July 2020

A new species of Tullbergiidae, Paratullbergia chuana sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, southwest China is described. Paratullbergia chuana is characterised by the presence of one pair of pseudocelli on each segment from Th. I–Abd. V and a formula of 11/111/11111, postantennal organ composed by 34–50 vesicles arranged in two rows, seta px present on Abd. IV, setae a2 and a4 on Abd. V as macrosetae, p4 as mesoseta, and a less differentiated sensillum p3 on Abd. V. In addition, chaetotaxic variations on Abd. IV and V are discussed. An abnormal morphology of an antenna that was observed for the first time is reported.
Rectifying the identities of the males of two Micrathena species (Araneae: Araneidae), with report of the first case of intersexuality in the genus
Authors: DE ALVARENGA ALESSANDRA DA SILVA , MAGALHAES IVAN L. F. , DA FONSECA RODRIGO NUNES , PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ ABEL
Published: July 2020

Despite extensive taxonomic work on the Neotropical fauna of the spider genus Micrathena Sundevall, for 27 out of 117 (23%) species only the female morphology has been described, and some of the previously hypothesized male-female matches have been proven erroneous. This work provides new insight about sex matching in two species: Micrathena ruschii (Mello-Leitão, 1945) and Micrathena lata Chickering, 1960. For Micrathena ruschii, the male previously hypothesized to belong to this species was collected with females in Itatiaia; we here present morphologically different males, also collected with females, in Macaé, both in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Through a DNA barcoding approach, we present molecular evidence indicating conspecificity of M. ruschii females with the males collected in Macaé, proving the male from Itatiaia to be a misidentification. Therefore, a description of the correct male of Micrathena ruschii is herein provided. The male previously identified as M. ruschii probably represents an undescribed species but is not named here due to scarcity of material. We also describe for the first time the male of Micrathena lata based on one specimen collected in Misiones, Argentina. This male specimen belongs to the militaris species group, where M. lata is the only species from the Atlantic Forest previously only known by females. In addition, we detect an intersexual specimen of Micrathena ruschii, revealing the first case of intersexuality for the genus.
Dyskursywny obraz uchodźcy – studium przypadku samorządowej kampanii wyborczej w Polsce
Authors: Tymińska Ada
Published: July 2020

A Discursive Image of the Refugee: A Case Study from the Municipal Election Campaign in PolandThis article presents a discursive image of the refugee which emerges from comments of Polish Facebook users. The author applies a detailed case study method to analyse several comments on an electoral campaign spot published by one of the candidates for the Mayor of Warsaw, Patryk Jaki. Specialised institutions and organisations considered it a case of xenophobic hate speech. Using analytical tools of Critical Discourse Analysis, the article deconstructs two positions emerging in the discussion: pro- and anti-refugee. A close examination of these two standpoints reveals not only differences but also similarities between them. It seems that one feature they share is the perception of refugees’ (lack of) agency. Dyskursywny obraz uchodźcy – studium przypadku samorządowej kampanii wyborczej w PolsceNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest badaniu dyskursywnego obrazu „uchodźcy”, jaki rysuje się na podstawie analizy komentarzy polskich użytkowników i użytkowniczek Facebooka. W badaniu zastosowano metodę bardzo szczegółowego case study wypowiedzi, jakie pojawiły się w związku ze spotem wyborczym jednego z kandydatów na prezydenta Warszawy, Patryka Jakiego, którego publikacja uznana została przez organizacje zajmujące się tematem za przejaw mowy nienawiści wobec uchodźców i uchodźczyń. Narzędziem analizy była Krytyczna Analiza Dyskursu. Celem artykułu jest w szczególności dekonstrukcja dwóch rysujących się w tej dyskusji stanowisk określonych pomocniczo mianem „pro-” i „antyuchodźczego” – przyjrzenie się temu, na czym polegają różnice pomiędzy nimi, oraz, co bardziej istotne, w jakich aspektach wykazują podobieństwa i zbieżności. Tych drugich doszukać się można między innymi w tym, w jaki sposób kształtuje się w analizowanych ramach dyskursywnych kwestia (braku) sprawczości uchodźców.
A Novel High-Precision Synchronous Sampling Mechanism for Distributed Test System Based on Optical Fiber Network and Low-Cost Field-Programmable Gate Array
Authors: Mou Zonglei , Niu Xueben , Wang Chen , Lu Xiao
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a distributed test system based on optical fiber network with multiple devices. In order to resolve the data sampling synchronicity problems, a novel synchronous sampling mechanism is developed to achieve high-precision sampling synchronicity among data acquisition
devices with relatively low-cost hardware. First, we present the design of the system based on optical fiber network and the mechanism implemented in Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Then, the device clocks are calibrated to run on a same frequency using a clock-disciplining algorithm
for hardware implementation. In addition, propagation delays, which are used for the synchronous errors compensation during data analysis, are precisely measured using a high-precision time interval measurement approach based on delay-chain loop comparison method. A series of experiments on
a real test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and methods, and the mechanism has been employed in a general-purpose reprogrammable device cyclone-II (Altera).
Design of Low Power and High Precision Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR-ADC) Based on Piecewise Capacitance and Calibration Technique
Authors: An Sheng-Biao , Zhao Li-Xin , Yang Shi-Cong , An Tao , Yang Rui-Xia
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a charge redistributed successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). Compared with the traditional Digital-Analog Convertor (DAC), the power consumption of the DAC scheme is reduced by 90%, the area is reduced by 60%. The test chip fabricated
in 180 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) occupied an active area of 0.12 mm 2 . At 10 MS/s, a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 57.70 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 55.63 dB are measured with 1.68 Vpp differential-mode input signal. The total power
consumption is 690 μW corresponding to 67 fJ/conversion step figure of merit.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Axisymmetric Homann's Stagnation-Point Flow of Nanofluid
Authors: Ahmad I. , Jagwal M. R. , Sajid M.
Published: July 2020

This paper addresses numerical results for nanofluid near Homann's non-axisymmetric stagnation-point flow. The nanofluids model shows Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Recently, Weidman modify the Homann's stagnation-point problem to non-axisymmetric on rigid surface by superposing
additional periodic terms to outer potential flow. The numerical results for couple differential system are obtained by means of shooting method. The solution is achieved for diverse values of involved parameter and ratio γ = b/a (b is shear and a is strain rate),
which ranges from (–∞, ∞). The distributions for shear stresses, heat and mass transfer rate, temperature and nanoparticle concentration compared to their large- asymptotic behaviors also presented. For nanofluids, properties may vary considerably near solid boundary due
to thermophoresis and Brownian motion of the fluid particles. These effects can result in decreasing viscosity within the boundary layer for heated fluids, thus leading to heat transfer enhancement.
Disaster Research “Methics”: Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Researching Disaster-Affected Populations
Authors: Van Brown Bethany L.
Published: July 2020

How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study. While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is limited because it is confounded by the disruption a disaster presents. Yet it is precisely at that point that special methodological problems emerge. The methodological—and inherently ethical—challenges disaster researchers face became apparent to me during my own fieldwork on domestic violence organizations and their recovery trajectory following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. In this article, I explore methodological and ethical issues that lay beneath “studying” people in the wake of disaster events and argue that ethical concerns should have the same, if not greater, primacy as methods; a dual consideration I refer to as “methics.” My findings support this argument and add to the growing chorus advocating for a paradigm shift in disaster research methods.
Traumatic Decompression of the Jejunum: A Case of Small Bowel Perforation From High-Speed Motor Vehicle Crash
Authors: Stern Jeffrey , Anand Rahul J.
Published: July 2020

We present a rare case of a focal perforation of the jejunum after a high-speed motor vehicle crash. A 60-year-old restrained rear seat passenger presented with severe abdominal pain. She was hemodynamically stable and underwent the traditional trauma workup. CT scan of the abdomen showed large-volume free intraperitoneal air and L4/L5 compression fractures. Given the peritoneal physical exam finding and free air on CT scan she was taken emergently to the operating room. Operative exploration revealed free intraperitoneal air upon entry into the abdominal cavity as well as murky fluid throughout the mid abdomen. A focal perforation was discovered on the antimesenteric surface of a segment of jejunum. The perforation was repaired primarily in two layers and the abdomen was closed. Postoperative course was uncomplicated. Antibiotics were continued for 4 days. Focal perforation of the small bowel from high-speed blunt trauma is a rare isolated injury. Close attention to physical exam and radiologic findings allows for early diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.
Agonistic peace and confronting the past: An analysis of a failed peace process and the role of narratives
Authors: Çelik Ayşe Betül
Published: July 2020

This study analyzes how peace processes in socio-political environments that do not support ‘confronting the past’ (CTP) initiatives are affected by the exclusion and delegitimization of alternative narratives different from dominant ones concerning the nature and history of ethnic conflicts, focusing on Turkey’s failed peace process as a case study. It pays specific attention to the resistance against acknowledging alternatives to dominant narratives by considering the role played by bystanders and antagonistic citizens, who are not directly part of the conflict but nonetheless support it by remaining passive or directly/indirectly supporting dominant narratives. Driven by agonistic peace theory, the article shows how failing to turn these groups into agonistic citizens through some form of agonistic CTP initiative and allowing a space for alternative narratives can result in the fragility of efforts towards a transition to peace.
What’s in Your Gifted Education Online Teacher Professional Development? Incorporating Theory- and Practice-Based Elements of Instructional Learning Design
Authors: Edinger Matthew J.
Published: July 2020

This article examined six theory- and practice-based elements of instructional learning design in online teacher professional development (oTPD), how these elements were implemented into Edinger’s PACKaGE model of gifted education oTPD, and how teachers evaluated each element. Elements were based on Berge’s (1995) instructor roles model theory and gifted education research. Each element was evaluated by teachers ( N = 184) who completed oTPD designed from the PACKaGE model. Self-report survey findings suggest that teachers considered most elements, such as asynchronous discussion board and article review assignments, to be useful to a great extent to their gifted education learning and pedagogy. However, teachers reported less usefulness for the online group project element. This finding directly contrasts with researchers’ suggestions for oTPD. These findings may encourage teachers to choose theory- and research-based oTPD. PD designers can investigate and implement oTPD elements that satisfy instructional design model needs for optimal teacher learning and gifted education pedagogy.
Molecular Diagnostics and In Utero Therapeutics for Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Oliver J.D. , Turner E.C. , Halpern L.R. , Jia S. , Schneider P. , D’Souza R.N.
Published: July 2020

Orofacial clefts and their management impose a substantial burden on patients, on their families, and on the health system. Under the current standard of care, affected patients are subjected to a lifelong journey of corrective surgeries and multidisciplinary management to replace bone and soft tissues, as well as restore esthetics and physiologic functions while restoring self-esteem and psychological health. Hence, a better understanding of the dynamic interplay of molecular signaling pathways at critical phases of palate development is necessary to pioneer novel prenatal interventions. Such pathways include transforming growth factor–β ( Tgfβ), sonic hedgehog ( Shh), wingless-integrated site ( Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein ( Bmp), and fibroblast growth factor ( Fgf) and its associated receptors, among others. Here, we summarize commonly used surgical methods used to correct cleft defects postnatally. We also review the advances made in prenatal diagnostics of clefts through imaging and genomics and the various in utero surgical corrections that have been attempted thus far. An overview of how key mediators of signaling that drive palatogenesis are emphasized in the context of the framework and rationale for the development and testing of therapeutics in animal model systems and in humans is provided. The pros and cons of in utero therapies that can potentially restore molecular homeostasis needed for the proper growth and fusion of palatal shelves are presented. The theme advanced throughout this review is the need to develop preclinical molecular therapies that could ultimately be translated into human trials that can correct orofacial clefts at earlier stages of development.
When Perceptions Are Fragile But Also Enduring: An Asian American Reflection on COVID-19
Authors: Kim Grace S. , Shah Tanvi N.
Published: July 2020

With the increasing death tolls and economic downfall, COVID-19 has also unearthed anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States and globally. In this article, we examine how the current anti-Asian sentiments are not new occurrences risen with COVID-19. Instead, the perceptions about people of Asian descent as foreign threats have become more visible due to the pandemic. As we grapple with and heal from the traumas of COVID-19, there is a great need to acknowledge not only the shared humanity and interconnectedness among people but also to note the legacies of racialization and inequity that affect the experiences of the current pandemic that are lived differently.
A new regularization method for dynamic load identification
Authors: Wang Linjun , Huang Yang , Xie Youxiang , Du Yixian
Published: July 2020

Dynamic forces are very important boundary conditions in practical engineering applications, such as structural strength analysis, health monitoring and fault diagnosis, and vibration isolation. Moreover, there are many applications in which we have found it very difficult to directly obtain the expected dynamic load which acts on a structure. Some traditional indirect inverse analysis techniques are developed for load identification by measured responses. These inverse problems about load identification mentioned above are complex and inherently ill-posed, while regularization methods can deal with this kind of problem. However, most of regularization methods are only limited to solve the pure mathematical numerical examples without application to practical engineering problems, and they should be improved to exclude jamming of noises in engineering. In order to solve these problems, a new regularization method is presented in this article to investigate the minimum of this minimization problem, and applied to reconstructing multi-source dynamic loads on the frame structure of hydrogenerator by its steady-state responses. Numerical simulations of the inverse analysis show that the proposed method is more effective and accurate than the famous Tikhonov regularization method. The proposed regularization method in this article is powerful in solving the dyanmic load identification problems.
Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About Gender and Transgender People
Authors: Axt Jordan R. , Conway Morgan A. , Westgate Erin C. , Buttrick Nicholas R.
Published: July 2020

Surprisingly little is known about transgender attitudes, partly due to a need for improved measures of beliefs about transgender people. Four studies introduce a novel Implicit Association Test (IAT) assessing implicit attitudes toward transgender people. Study 1 ( N = 294) found significant implicit and explicit preferences for cisgender over transgender people, both of which correlated with transphobia and transgender-related policy support. Study 2 ( N = 1,094) found that implicit transgender attitudes predicted similar outcomes among participants reporting no explicit preference for cisgender versus transgender people. Across Study 3a ( N = 5,647) and Study 3b ( N = 2,276), implicit transgender attitudes predicted multiple outcomes, including gender essentialism, contact with transgender people, and support for transgender-related policies, over and above explicit attitudes. This work introduces a reliable means of measuring implicit transgender attitudes and illustrates how these attitudes independently predict meaningful beliefs and experiences.
The Stability of Moralized Attitudes Over Time
Authors: Luttrell Andrew , Togans LaCount J.
Published: July 2020

When people perceive a moral basis for an attitude, that attitude tends to remain durable when directly challenged. But are moral concerns only influential in the moment or does moralization also signal an attitude that endures over time? Five longitudinal studies considering attitudes toward 19 different topics tested whether attitudes are more stable over time when people report that they are more morally based. Across studies, we find support for the hypothesis that degree of attitude moralization moderates the consistency of attitude reports over time with more moralized attitudes being more stable. These effects of moralization also hold when controlling for other metacognitive predictors of attitude strength, including certainty, ambivalence, importance, knowledge, ease of retrieval, and self-definition. An analysis of all studies together supports the reliability of the hypothesized effect but also suggests that it varies by topic. Implications for models of attitude moralization and attitude strength are discussed.
“Am I qualified to be a language tester?”: Understanding the development of language assessment literacy across three stakeholder groups
Authors: Yan Xun , Fan Jason
Published: July 2020

Recent investigations into language assessment literacy (LAL) suggest that stakeholder groups might differ in interests, needs, and expectations in assessment practice, resulting in different LAL profiles. This qualitative study furthers this line of research by examining the effect of contextual and experiential factors on the LAL profiles and development of different stakeholder groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 participants from three stakeholder groups in China, including language testers, EFL teachers, and graduate students. Results indicate that LAL profile differences existed at both group and individual levels. At the group level, language-testing researchers and students demonstrated greater familiarity with assessment concepts than did EFL teachers; however, EFL teachers were able to understand and link those concepts with assessment practices. At the individual level, each participant experienced a different LAL development process; yet, these processes share some common patterns. Based on these patterns, a common LAL development model for all stakeholders is proposed. Assessment training should consider the resources in stakeholders’ assessment contexts and their experiences in assessment development, use, and research and develop realistic expectations in LAL development for different stakeholders.
Disentangling the Relationship between Physician and Organizational Performance: A Signal Detection Approach
Authors: Kostopoulou Olga , Nurek Martine , Delaney Brendan C.
Published: July 2020

Background. In previous research, we employed a signal detection approach to measure the performance of general practitioners (GPs) when deciding about urgent referral for suspected lung cancer. We also explored associations between provider and organizational performance. We found that GPs from practices with higher referral positive predictive value (PPV; chance of referrals identifying cancer) were more reluctant to refer than those from practices with lower PPV. Here, we test the generalizability of our findings to a different cancer. Methods. A total of 252 GPs responded to 48 vignettes describing patients with possible colorectal cancer. For each vignette, respondents decided whether urgent referral to a specialist was needed. They then completed the 8-item Stress from Uncertainty scale. We measured GPs’ discrimination ( d′) and response bias (criterion; c) and their associations with organizational performance and GP demographics. We also measured correlations of d′ and c between the 2 studies for the 165 GPs who participated in both. Results. As in the lung study, organizational PPV was associated with response bias: in practices with higher PPV, GPs had higher criterion (b = 0.05 [0.03 to 0.07]; P < 0.001), that is, they were less inclined to refer. As in the lung study, female GPs were more inclined to refer than males (b = −0.17 [−0.30 to −0.105]; P = 0.005). In a mediation model, stress from uncertainty did not explain the gender difference. Only response bias correlated between the 2 studies ( r = 0.39, P < 0.001). Conclusions. This study confirms our previous findings regarding the relationship between provider and organizational performance and strengthens the finding of gender differences in referral decision making. It also provides evidence that response bias is a relatively stable feature of GP referral decision making.
Eighty-Five Percent Solution: Historical Look at Crowdsourcing Speed Limits and the Question of Safety
Authors: Taylor Brian D. , Hong Hwang Yu
Published: July 2020

The “85th percentile rule” is commonly used to set speed limits in jurisdictions across the U.S. Modern interpretations of the rule are that it satisfies key conditions needed for safe roadways: it sets speed limits deemed reasonable to the typical, prudent driver, reduces the problematic variance in travel speeds among vehicles, and allows law enforcement to focus on speeding outliers. Authoritative publications regularly assert that the rule came about because early driving surveys often found that drivers moving at or below the 85th percentile of a speed on a given roadway were within one standard deviation of the mean speed for that roadway and were in the low involvement group for traffic incidents. But does this widely used rule for setting speed limits really have such a scientific pedigree? Given debates in cities around the U.S. about competing uses of street space, we examine where this rule of driver-set speed limits actually came from and whether rule developers’ rationales still hold true today. While most observers trace the rule to safety research and a 1964 report, we find that the 85th percentile rule actually emerged decades earlier amidst the nascent traffic engineering profession’s preoccupation with “traffic service” to increase vehicular throughput; and with respect to safety, the rule was explicitly intended as a starting point in speed limit setting, and not the last word.
Quantification of the Effect of Binder Source on Flexibility of Long-Term Aged Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Zhu Zehui , Singhvi Punit , Ali Uthman Mohamed , Ozer Hasan , Al-Qadi Imad L.
Published: July 2020

Asphalt concrete (AC) aging reduces the resistance of flexible pavements to fatigue, thermal, and block cracking. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effects of AC aging on flexible pavement serviceability. Binder source has a significant effect on AC long-term aging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable, practical, and systematic method to quantify the effect of binder source on AC cracking resistance. Seven laboratory mixes were designed and produced at three asphalt binder replacement (ABR) levels using various binders, but same binder performance grade (PG). The AC mixes were tested using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test (I-FIT) under unaged and long-term aged conditions. Standard Superpave tests and temperature-frequency sweep tests, were conducted on virgin binders under various aging conditions. By comparing the binder rheological parameters and flexibility index (FI) of long-term aged AC specimens, the [Formula: see text] and m-value after 40-h of aging using a pressure aging vessel (PAV) were identified as valid indicators to reflect the effects of the binder source on AC long-term flexibility. A minimum [Formula: see text] of -8°C and m-value of 0.280 were proposed as the preliminary thresholds. A new parameter, [Formula: see text], which is defined as the m-value of 20-h PAV-aged binder minus the m-value of a 40-h PAV-aged binder, correlates well with the aging rate of AC. A binder with a high [Formula: see text] may induce an excessive drop in flexibility after long-term aging.
Evaluation of clinically relevant operating conditions for left ventricular assist device investigations
Authors: Wisniewski A , Medart D , Wurm F-H , Torner B
Published: July 2020

Standardized boundary conditions for flow rate and pressure difference are currently not available for the development and certification process of ventricular assist devices. Thus, interdisciplinary studies lack comparability and quantitative assessment. Universally valid boundary conditions could be used for the application of numerical and experimental investigations and the approval procedure of ventricular assist devices. In order to define such boundaries, physiological data from INCOR® patients were evaluated. A total of 599 out of possible 627 ventricular assist device patients were analyzed regarding their cardiac demands of flow rate and pressure head. An analysis of long-term data was performed, in order to provide respective, static mean values for benchmark testing. Furthermore, the short-term data of 188 patients delivered field data-based dynamic flow and pressure curves. The results of the study revealed physiologically reasonable boundary conditions, which can be applied in numerical or experimental investigations of ventricular assist devices. For steady flow analysis, single values for flow rate (4.46 L/min) and pressure head (62 mmHg) are suggested. For the support of pulsatile and unsteady flow studies, seven typical patients and one representative dynamic curve for flow rate and pressure head are proposed.

The standardized results provided in this article, can be used in favor of interdisciplinary comparability of future numerical computations or in vitro ventricular assist device tests in research, development, and approval.
Satisfaction With Outdoor Activities Among Northeastern U.S. Newly Enrolled Long-Term Services and Supports Recipients
Authors: Sefcik Justine S. , Hirschman Karen B. , Petrovsky Darina V. , Hodgson Nancy A. , Naylor Mary D.
Published: July 2020

Older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) experience barriers to outdoor activities and satisfaction ratings with such experiences are not well understood. Our study used cross-sectional data ( n = 329) to (a) examine whether those new to LTSS were satisfied with their outdoor activities and (b) describe the characteristics and factors associated with satisfaction levels. Self-report of satisfaction with outdoor activities was the outcome variable. Multivariable linear regression modeling of the outcome was conducted. Fifty-nine percent were satisfied with their outdoor activities. More depressive symptoms ( p < .001) and higher cognitive functioning ( p = .011) were associated with lower ratings. Higher self-rated physical health ( p = .009) and more independence with activities of daily living ( p = .022) were associated with greater satisfaction. Findings suggest an unmet need among four in 10 new recipients of LTSS (41%) related to their outdoor activities. LTSS interdisciplinary teams can use these findings to inform their assessments, develop person-centered care plans, and address barriers.
TimeTrial: An Interactive Application for Optimizing the Design and Analysis of Transcriptomic Time-Series Data in Circadian Biology Research
Authors: Ness-Cohn Elan , Iwanaszko Marta , Kath William L. , Allada Ravi , Braun Rosemary
Published: July 2020

The circadian rhythm drives the oscillatory expression of thousands of genes across all tissues, coordinating physiological processes. The effect of this rhythm on health has generated increasing interest in discovering genes under circadian control by searching for periodic patterns in transcriptomic time-series experiments. While algorithms for detecting cycling transcripts have advanced, there remains little guidance quantifying the effect of experimental design and analysis choices on cycling detection accuracy. We present TimeTrial, a user-friendly benchmarking framework using both real and synthetic data to investigate cycle detection algorithms’ performance and improve circadian experimental design. Results show that the optimal choice of analysis method depends on the sampling scheme, noise level, and shape of the waveform of interest and provides guidance on the impact of sampling frequency and duration on cycling detection accuracy. The TimeTrial software is freely available for download and may also be accessed through a web interface. By supplying a tool to vary and optimize experimental design considerations, TimeTrial will enhance circadian transcriptomics studies.
Mental health services in Canada: Barriers and cost-effective solutions to increase access
Authors: Moroz Nicholas , Moroz Isabella , D’Angelo Monika Slovinec
Published: July 2020

In this article, an overview of the barriers to accessing mental health services in Canada is provided and the recent federal funding commitments toward increasing the availability of evidence-based and cost-effective solutions to improve access to mental health services are highlighted. Barriers pertain mainly to costs, not knowing where to get help, excessive wait times, and insufficient funding. Through the Common Statement of Principles on Shared Health Priorities agreement, action is being taken by all jurisdictions in Canada to increase community-based mental health promotion programs and early interventions, especially those targeting children and youth. A growing body of evidence is demonstrating how specific community and primary care-based interventions are both effective and cost-effective. These integrated community solutions, shown to be effective for increasing access to appropriate services for patients while saving costs to the healthcare system, would benefit from the recent funding investments put in place by the federal government.
Insights of Silence
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: July 2020

Silence represents more than the absence of noise; it is a penetrating stillness that often provides for attentiveness. The author of this article provides some thoughts and implications for the art of humanbecoming on what can be gleaned in understanding and clarifying the discriminating quiet or tumultuous hush of silence as a human experience.
Buckling and free vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates and shallow shells by the Ritz method and the R-functions theory
Authors: Kurpa LV , Shmatko TV
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the paper is to study stability and free vibrations of laminated plates and shallow shells composed of functionally graded materials. The approach proposed incorporates the Ritz method and the R-functions theory. It is assumed that the shell consists of three layers and is loaded in the middle plane. The both cases of uniform as well as non-uniform load are possible. The power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions is applied to get effective material properties for the layers. These properties are calculated for different arrangements and thicknesses of the layers by the analytical formulae obtained in the paper. The mathematical formulation is carried out in framework of the first-order shear deformation theory. The proposed approach consists of two steps. The first step is to define the pre-buckling state by solving the respective elasticity problem. The critical buckling load and frequencies of functionally graded material shallow shells are determined in the second step. The highlight of the method proposed is that it can be used for vibration and buckling analysis of plates and shallow shells of complex shape. The numerical results for frequencies and buckling load of plates and shallow shells of complex shape and different curvatures are presented to demonstrate the potential of the method developed. Different functionally graded material plates and shallow shells composed of a mixture of metal and ceramics are studied. The effects of the power law index, boundary conditions, thickness of the core, and face sheet layers on the fundamental frequencies and critical loads are discussed in this paper. The main advantage of the method is that it provides an analytical representation of the unknown solution, which is important when solving nonlinear problems.
Randomised controlled trial of 1% and 5% 5-fluorouracil creams compared with 90% trichloroacetic acid solution for anogenital wart treatment
Authors: Anggraini Ika , Hoemardani Aida Sd , Nilasari Hanny , Indriatmi Wresti
Published: July 2020

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1% and 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) creams compared with 90% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the treatment of anogenital warts. we conducted a randomised controlled study in 72 subjects allocated to three groups: 1% 5-FU, 90% TCA and 5% 5-FU; 90% TCA was administered once a week, whereas 5-FU cream was applied three times a week. Response to therapy and side-effects were evaluated weekly for seven weeks. Evaluation at week 7 demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the efficacy between 1% 5-FU cream and 90% TCA ( p =  0.763) or between 5% 5-FU cream and 90% TCA ( p =  0.274). Subjective side-effects with 1% 5-FU were significantly milder than 90% TCA; however, significantly milder objective side-effects were observed only at weeks 2, 6 and 7. The subjective side-effects with 5% 5-FU were also significantly milder than 90% TCA; however, significantly milder objective side-effects were observed only at week 2. 5-FU may become an alternative topical therapy as it offers the benefit of self-application; furthermore, a concentration of 1% 5-FU cream is recommended due to milder side-effects.
Probable catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome secondary to chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia in an adult patient and a mini review
Authors: Meng Jianfen , Chen Lijia , Hou Jiaqi , Chi Huihui , Wang Zhihong , Yang Chengde , Su Yutong
Published: July 2020

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare and life-threatening form of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which could be triggered by malignancy. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is an uncommon hematologic malignancy. We report a case of a 49-year-old male patient who presented multiple thromboses with a high titre of anti-β2-glycoprotein-I antibody. Unexpectedly, there was persistent monocytosis combined with <20% blasts in his bone marrow. Thus, a diagnosis of probable CAPS and CMML was made. After treatment with prednisone, hydroxychloroquine and warfarin, the thromboses dissolved, and an improved presentation of peripheral blood and bone marrow was observed. Here, we also provide a mini review of cases of APS complicated with CMML identified from searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. The review describes the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, treatments and outcomes.
Theoretical modeling and experimental verification of co-curing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer hat-stiffened panels with silicone airbag male mandrels
Authors: Zhu Shuai , Peng Wenfei
Published: July 2020

For closed-hole panels such as hat-stiffened panels, it is inevitable to use mandrels during the manufacturing process. However, the uniformity of pressure transmission of the silicone rubber mandrel with the prefabricated hole is not good, the vacuum bag mandrel is easy to be broken and wrinkled, the water-soluble mandrel is high in cost, and the invar steel metal mandrel is difficult to demold. To solve these problems, this article proposed a new method for co-curing carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite hat-stiffened panels by using a silicone airbag as a mandrel through autoclaves. Firstly, the thermo-force-flow multi-field coupling finite element model of co-curing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) hat-stiffened panels was established by using finite element software. The co-curing process of hat-stiffened panels was simulated and studied. The influence of different thickness of silicone airbag mandrels on the wall thickness and pressure of the workpiece were found to be relatively uniform in the new process. Then, the autoclave experiment was carried out to verify the correctness of the finite element model. Lastly, the interfacial bonding strength test was carried out to verify the mechanical properties of the parts. In summary, the practicability of co-curing CFRP hat-stiffened panels with silicone airbag male mandrels was proved in this article. The precision of CFRP hat-stiffened panel was efficiently promoted by this new process.