bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolism in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. A Population-based Nationwide Study
Authors: Jahnson Staffan , Gårdmark Truls , Hosseini Abolfazl , Jerlström Tomas , Liedberg Fredrik , Malmström Per-Uno , Hagberg Oskar , Sherif Amir , Ströck Viveka , Söderkvist Karin , Ullen Anders , Häggström Christel , Holmberg Lars , Aljabery Firas
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

Routine VTE prophylaxis within 30 days of radical cystectomy (RC) for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is used to protect from venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, randomized studies and nationwide population-based studies are lacking.

OBJECTIVE:

To study VTE and risk factors for VTE in muscle-invasive UBC in a nationwide population-based series, with a focus on the association with RC with and without chemotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We studied all patients with clinical stage T2-T4 UBC diagnosed 1997 to 2014 in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). Previous VTE events and risk factors for VTE were registered from 1987. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to study risk factors for VTE and cumulative incidence of VTE.

RESULTS:

In 9720 patients (71%males) with a median age of 74 years 546 (5.6%) had VTE after diagnosis. In Cox analyses controlling for patient’s and tumour characteristics, and risk factors for VTE, VTE after diagnosis and first treatment date were associated with chemotherapy with or without RC. Cumulative incidence of VTE increased during 24 months after diagnosis and first treatment date. VTE were less common in patients with previous cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

VTE was commonly observed after 30 days from diagnosis and from first treatment date in patients with T2-T4 UBC, particularly after chemotherapy. The findings suggest that long-term intervention studies of benefit and possible harms of VTE prophylaxis after UBC should be undertaken.
Comparative evaluation of ballet-type and conventional stent graft configurations for endovascular aneurysm repair: A CFD analysis
Authors: Ashraf Fahmida , Ambreen Tehmina , Park Cheol Woo , Kim Dong-IK
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: Cross limb stent graft (SG) configuration technique for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is employed for splayed aortic bifurcations to avoid device kinking and smoothen cannulation. The present study investigates three types of stent graft (SG) configurations for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in abdominal aortic aneurysm. A computational fluid dynamic analysis was performed on the pulsatile non-Newtonian flow characteristics in three ideally modeled geometries of abdominal aortic (AA) SG configurations. METHODS: The three planar and crosslimb SG configurations were ideally modeled, namely, top-down nonballet-type, top-down ballet-type, and bottom-up nonballet-type configurations. In top-down SG configuration, most of the device is deployed in the main body in the vicinity of renal artery and the limbs are extended to the iliac artery. While in the bottom-up configuration, some of the SG device is deployed in the main body, the limbs are deployed in aortic bifurcation, and the extra stent graft of the main body is extended to the proximal aorta until the below of the renal artery. The effects of non-Newtonian pulsatile flow on the wall stresses and flow patterns of the three models were investigated and compared. Moreover, the average wall shear stress (AWSS), oscillatory shear stress index (OSI), absolute helicity, pressure distribution, graft displacement and flow visualization plots were analyzed. RESULTS: The top-down ballet-type showed less branch blockage effect than the top-down nonballet-type models. Furthermore, the top-down ballet-type configuration showed an increased tendency to sustain high WSS and higher helicity characteristics than that of the bottom-up and top-down non-ballet type configurations. However, displacement forces of the top-down ballet-type configuration were 40% and 9.6% higher than those of the bottom-up and top-down nonballet-type configurations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Some complications such as graft tearing, thrombus formation, limb disconnection during long term follow up periods might be relevant to hemodynamic characteristics according to the configurations of EVAR. Hence, the reported data required to be validated with the clinical results.
Copyful Streaming String Transducers
Authors: Filiot Emmanuel , Reynier Pierre-Alain
Published: January 2021

Copyless streaming string transducers (copyless SST) have been introduced by R. Alur and P. Černý in 2010 as a one-way deterministic automata model to define transductions of finite strings. Copyless SST extend deterministic finite state automata with a set of variables in which to store intermediate output strings, and those variables can be combined and updated all along the run, in a linear manner, i.e., no variable content can be copied on transitions. It is known that copyless SST capture exactly the class of MSO-definable string-to-string transductions, and are as expressive as deterministic two-way transducers. They enjoy good algorithmic properties. Most notably, they have decidable equivalence problem (in PSpace). On the other hand, HDT0L systems have been introduced for a while, the most prominent result being the decidability of the equivalence problem. In this paper, we propose a semantics of HDT0L systems in terms of transductions, and use it to study the class of deterministic copyful SST. Our contributions are as follows: (i)HDT0L systems and total deterministic copyful SST have the same expressive power, (ii)the equivalence problem for deterministic copyful SST and the equivalence problem for HDT0L systems are inter-reducible, in quadratic time. As a consequence, equivalence of deterministic SST is decidable, (iii)the functionality of non-deterministic copyful SST is decidable, (iv)determining whether a non-deterministic copyful SST can be transformed into an equivalent non-deterministic copyless SST is decidable in polynomial time.
Sexual Dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model and Its Impact on Pre-Clinical Research
Authors: Dennison Jessica L. , Ricciardi Natalie R. , Lohse Ines , Volmar Claude-Henry , Wahlestedt Claes
Published: January 2021

Female sex is a leading risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sexual dimorphism in AD is gaining attention as clinical data show that women are not only more likely to develop AD but also to experience worse pathology and faster cognitive decline. Pre-clinical AD research in animal models often neglects to address sexual dimorphism in evaluation of behavioral or molecular characteristics and outcomes. This can compromise its translation to a clinical setting. The triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD) is a commonly used but unique AD model because it exhibits both amyloid and tau pathology, essential features of the human AD phenotype. Mounting evidence has revealed important sexually dimorphic characteristics of this animal model that have yet to be reviewed and thus, are often overlooked in studies using the 3xTg-AD model. In this review we conduct a thorough analysis of reports of sexual dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD model including findings of molecular, behavioral, and longevity-related sex differences in original research articles through August 2020. Importantly, we find results to be inconsistent, and that strain source and differing methodologies are major contributors to lack of consensus regarding traits of each sex. We first touch on the nature of sexual dimorphism in clinical AD, followed by a brief summary of sexual dimorphism in other major AD murine models before discussing the 3xTg-AD model in depth. We conclude by offering four suggestions to help unify pre-clinical mouse model AD research inspired by the NIH expectations for considering sex as a biological variable.
Decoding Causal Links Between Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Hensley Michael , Salsone Maria
Published: January 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two common chronic diseases with a well-documented association. Whether the association is causal has been highlighted by recent evidence reporting a neurobiological link between these disorders. This narrative review discusses the brain regions and networks involved in OSA as potential vulnerable areas for the development of AD neuropathology with a particular focus on gender-related implications. Using a neuroimaging perspective supported by neuropathological investigations, we provide a new model of neurodegeneration common to OSA and AD, that we have called OSA-AD neurodegeneration in order to decode the causal links between these two chronic conditions.
Alterations in Piriform and Bulbar Activity/Excitability/Coupling Upon Amyloid-β Administration in vivo Related to Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Martínez-García Ignacio , Hernández-Soto Rebeca , Villasana-Salazar Benjamín , Ordaz Benito , Peña-Ortega Fernando
Published: January 2021

Background: Deficits in odor detection and discrimination are premature symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that correlate with pathological signs in the olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PCx). Similar olfactory dysfunction has been characterized in AD transgenic mice that overproduce amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which can be prevented by reducing Aβ levels by immunological and pharmacological means, suggesting that olfactory dysfunction depends on Aβ accumulation and Aβ-driven alterations in the OB and/or PCx, as well as on their activation. However, this possibility needs further exploration. Objective: To characterize the effects of Aβ on OB and PCx excitability/coupling and on olfaction. Methods: Aβ oligomerized solution (containing oligomers, monomers, and protofibrils) or its vehicle were intracerebroventricularlly injected two weeks before OB and PCx excitability and synchrony were evaluated through field recordings in vivo and in brain slices. Synaptic transmission from the OB to the PCx was also evaluated in slices. Olfaction was assessed through the habituation/dishabituation test. Results: Aβ did not affect lateral olfactory tract transmission into the PCx but reduced odor habituation and cross-habituation. This olfactory dysfunction was related to a reduction of PCx and OB network activity power in vivo. Moreover, the coherence between PCx-OB activities was also reduced by Aβ. Finally, Aβ treatment exacerbated the 4-aminopyridine-induced excitation in the PCx in slices. Conclusion: Our results show that Aβ-induced olfactory dysfunction involves a complex set of pathological changes at different levels of the olfactory pathway including alterations in PCx excitability and its coupling with the OB. These pathological changes might contribute to hyposmia in AD.
Improved respiratory characteristics in non-specific low back pain: Comparison of Feldenkrais method versus routine physiotherapy
Authors: Mohan Vikram , Paungmali Aatit , Sitilertpisan Patraporn , Joseph Leonard , Ramlan Afiqah , Ramlan Syaza Afiqah
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: Abnormal breathing patterns, decrease in respiratory muscle strength and endurance are some of the alterations, which are observed in non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Feldenkrais method (FM) on respiratory muscle strength, Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Total Faulty Breathing Scale (TFBS), Cloth Tape Measure (CTM) and core stability among NS-LBP participants. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation clinic and randomized either to experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). For the EG (FM and routine physiotherapy), and for the CG routine physiotherapy alone were carried out three days per week over a period of 8 weeks. Outcome measures including Respiratory Muscle Strength, MVV, TFBS, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), CTM, and Pressure biofeedback device (PBU) were evaluated at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Forty participants were assigned to an EG (n = 20) and CG (n = 20) based on the study criteria. There was a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength (MIP) (p = 0.004) for the EG, but no significant change in the CG (p = 0.455). There was also a significant increase in the expiratory muscle strength (MEP) for the EG (p = 0.001), but no changes in the CG (p = 0.574). In addition, decrease in pain, increase in xiphoid process chest expansion and improvement in core stability were observed in EG and improvement in MVV was observed in CG. CONCLUSIONS: FM is a potential training program that can improve respiratory variables among NS-LBP.
Studying the applicability of non-destructive techniques in diagnosing defects of soil-cement columns
Authors: Duong Tham Hong
Published: January 2021

This article studies the applicability of the Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) into semi-rigid structures, particularly in soil-cement columns. A numerical model for the semi-rigid soil-cement column is first created. Different kinds of defects are intentionally allocated in the model, including necking, bulging, and degraded stiffness. The assumption is that by using an excitation as an impact load at the structure head and then letting the structure vibrating freely, studying the wave characteristics inside the structure, i.e., responsive velocity and displacement at various points along the column shaft, the impedance could be determined. If there is any variation in the mechanical impedance Z, which is defined to be the product of mass density, area of the cross-section, and the wave velocity, the defects are confirmed. The shape of the impedance curves with respect to combined defects is analyzed, and spectral response curves are plotted. The process of analysis in the time domain and frequency domain for the soil-cement column is conducted using Fast Fourier Transformation. The theoretical and computed impedance of the structure from the numerical model will be compared with each other, in the shape of the responsive curves, and the distinguished issues; some discussions on the propagation of waves through semi-rigid structures are summarized. There is no distinguishing feature in the characteristics of the impedance of the structure revealed. It comes to the conclusion that the applicability of the vibration test is not clearly recognized. There is quite a difficulty in evaluating the performance of the semi-rigid structures like soil-cement columns by using vibration or impact load test. This outcome suggests that the column is not the same as the pile, and another alternative and/or approach is recommended to apply in quality assurance/control QA/QC for such embedded semi-rigid structures.
Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo (PETab) – Relatório Brasil
Authors: Facina Taís
Published: January 2021

O livro Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo (PETab) – Relatório Brasil, lançado em junho de 2011 em uma parceria entre o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) e a Organização Pan-americana de Saúde (OPAS), traça um panorama inédito sobre o uso de produtos derivados de tabaco no Brasil.
Qualidade do Ar em Bares de São Paulo/Brasil antes e depois da Lei de Ambientes Fechados Livres de Fumo
Authors: Andreis Mônica , Elf Jessica , Johns Paula , Carvalho Adriana , Yuan Jie , Apelberg Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O fumo passivo é atualmente considerado o principal poluente em ambientes internos, sem nível seguro de exposição. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa a quantificar os níveis de nicotina no ar em bares de São Paulo, Brasil, antes e depois da lei estadual que proíbe o fumo em locais fechados. Método: O estudo foi realizado em parceria entre a ONG Aliança de Controle do Tabagismo - Brasil, e a Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - EUA . A nicotina no ar foi medida através de monitores passivos contendo um filtro tratado com bissulfato de sódio. A quantidade de nicotina no ar absorvida pelos filtros foi medida no laboratório da Universidade Johns Hopkins. O estudo foi realizado em 16 bares e a quantidade total de amostras válidas foi de 72. Resultados: Em média, uma redução de 72% da nicotina no ar foi encontrada nos estabelecimentos pesquisados após a proibição de fumar em locais fechados no Estado de São Paulo. Isso indica uma melhora na qualidade do ar nesses ambientes e uma diminuição do risco de exposição ao fumo passivo por clientes e trabalhadores. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo oferecem evidências locais da eficácia de tais políticas e apoio à necessidade de uma legislação federal que garanta ambientes fechados 100% livres de fumo a todos os brasileiros.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ON THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF ROLLING STOCK UNITS DURING TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE
Authors: Datsun Y.
Published: January 2021

The analysis of the technological process of determining the parameters of rolling stock units (using the example of wheel set bandages) has been carried out in the article. It has been determined that its implementation by a person using a contact measuring instrument and manual recording of the results can lead to the appearance of errors in perception, attention, memory and thinking. These human errors can occur throughout the entire technological process.
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTIMIZATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK MANAGEMENT
Authors:   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, Nevedrov O.
Published: January 2021

Among the main causes of human operator errors are the following: unsatisfactory training or low level of qualification; non-compliance with the prescribed operating procedures; unsatisfactory working conditions associated with such negative phenomena as excessive noise, vibration, temperature fluctuations in the driver's cab (especially on locomotives); lack of attractive incentives to achieve the optimal level of quality of work. The choice of the criterion of optimal control can be ambiguous. The source of complexity is the inconsistency of goals. If you want to optimize one of the parameters in compliance with the restrictive requirements for other parameters, then a partial criterion is formed. In the presence of several optimality criteria, the additive criterion is chosen when the absolute values of the criteria are significant for the selected parameter vector. If a significant role is played by changes in absolute values of partial criteria in the variation of the vector of variables, then apply the multiplicative criterion of optimality. If the task is to achieve equality of normalized values of conflicting partial criteria, then the optimal design is performed by the minimum criterion.
Sistem Perancangan Audio Smart Room Menggunakan Arduino Ethernet Shield R3 Berbasis TCP/IP
Authors: Hartono Rudi , Hendrawan Ade Hendri , . Ritzkal
Published: January 2021

Telah berhasil membuat Sistem Perancangan Audio Smart Room Menggunakan Arduino Ethernet Shiel R3 Berbasis Jaringan TCP/IP. Arduino Ethernet shield R3 digunakan sebagai perangkat untuk menghubungkan sistem dengan komputer berbasis TCP/IP, tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini agar sistem informasi ruangan-ruangan di instansi terkait bisa menggunakan sistem tcp/ip agar efektif dan efisien ketika menggunakan sistem tersebut, untuk membuat sistem tersebut peneliti merancang sesuai dengan alur penelitian yang peneliti lakukan yaitu analisis, desain, implementasi, pengujian, dibuatnya sistem berbasis tcp/ip agar sistem bisa termanage dan terkontrol dalam penggunaannya, fungsi TCP/IP adalah sebagai pengalamatan untuk perangkat agar bisa saling berkomunikasi satu sama lain, Sedangkan komputer berfungsi untuk mengakses sistem yang dirancang, sehingga dari komputer bisa memanage kemana informasi akan disebarkan, pada sistem ini peneliti membuat database sistem, fungsi dari database sistem untuk penyimpanan file dari hasil rekam suara yang kemudian akan tersimpan pada database sistem tersebut, sehingga ketika hasil rekam suara sudah tersimpan pada database tinggal dilakukan penyebaran informasi ke ruangan-ruangan yang telah ditentukan, manfaat dari sistem yang telah peneliti buat adalah dalam peneyebaran informasi ke ruangan-ruangan sangat efektif dan efisien, sistem lebih terkontrol dan termanage kemana informasi suara akan digunakan dan informasi yang disebarkan oleh sistem sesuai kepada yang membutuhkan
University and College Travel for Students with Mobility Impairment(s) in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada
Authors: Aharoni Jordan , Buliung Ron , Mitra Raktim
Published: January 2021

Students with disabilities have largely been left out of travel behaviour research. We examined differences in student reported transport mode share, and perceptions about commuting impacts on education, between students with and without mobility impairment(s). Data are taken from the 2019 StudentMoveTO survey of university and college student travel in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. Students with mobility impairment(s) reported greater use of modified vehicles and shared modes, particularly with other household members. Students with mobility impairment(s) were also more likely to report that commuting discourages them from coming to campus and limits their academic success.
HIDROTERAPIA NA REABILITAÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM SEQUELAS DE ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Francisco Valter Miranda , Brito Claudia Batista de , Sousa Franklin Douglas Saboia de , Silva Mateus Gomes Da , Cavalcante Virna Da Silva , Souza Jersyca Ellen Cardoso , Magalhães Larissa dos Santos , Caetano Hytala Fernanda Castro , Silva Matheus Feitosa da , Nunes Paula Pessoa de Brito
Published: January 2021

O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), atualmente, é a terceira doença que mais mata no mundo e uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil. Os principais comprometimentos diretos são déficits somatossensitivos, visuais e motores entre outros. O uso da água no tratamento das disfunções sensório-motoras causadas pelo AVE, constitui uma prática que utiliza os princípios físicos da água, direcionando a intervenção fisioterapêutica. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento e análise crítica da literatura, sobre os efeitos da hidroterapia na reabilitação de pacientes com sequelas de AVE. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, com a busca de artigos nos portais/bases de dados eletrônicos: PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Utilizou-se o cruzamento de três descritores em inglês indexados no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e em português para os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Foram incluídos na revisão estudos do tipo observacionais e de intervenção, publicados no período de janeiro de 2010 a abril de 2020. Os resultados apontam que a Hidroterapia contribui para o ganho de funcionalidade, equilíbrio, velocidade da marcha, comprimento do passo e qualidade de vida em pacientes com sequelas de AVE. A hidroterapia tem eficácia nos pacientes pós-AVE, apresentando diversos benefícios como diminuição da espasticidade e fortalecimento muscular.
RANCANG BANGUN ROBOT PEMOTONG RUMPUT OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN WIRELESS KONTROLER MODUL ESP32-CAM BERBASIS INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)
Authors: Isrofi Azis , Utama Shoffin Nahwa , Putra Oddy Virgantara
Published: January 2021

Teknologi robotika dewasa ini telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Perkembangan teknologi robotika ini dapat membantu pekerjaan manusia. Salah satu pekerjaan manusia yang dapat dibantu oleh robot adalah memotong rumput. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Fajar Rinto Hadi Putra, Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo dan Jecky Yusakh Akay tentang robot dapat dikontrol pada jarak optimal tidak lebih dari 7,2 meter dan kecepatan mata pisau pemotong rumput tidak dapat dikontrol, sehingga baterai menjadi boros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah merancang sebuah prototype robot pemotong rumput menggunakan wireless kontroler modul ESP32-CAM berbasis IoT dan actuator pemotong rumput dapat dikontrol melalui web browser. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan ESP32-CAM sebagai mikrokontroler, modul kamera OV2640 sebagai monitoring area rumput yang akan dipotong, modul wifi ESP32 sebagai koneksi antara robot dengan perangkat kontroler robot, dan motor brushless sebagai penggerak mata pisau pemotong rumput. Penggunaan motor brushless ini dapat dikontrol kecepatannya menggunakan modul ESC30A, sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan daya baterai. Hasil kontroler robot dapat diakses dengan menggunakan ip address yang didapatkan dari acces point yang terhubung pada modul ESP32 CAM. Ip address dapat diakses melalui web browser pada perangkat laptop atau smartphone sehingga robot dapat dikontrol dengan jarak jauh. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa robot pemotong rumput dapat memotong rumput dengan kontroler wifi dengan jarak kontrol 50 meter. Penggunaan motor brushless pada mata pisau pemotong rumput dapat kontrol kecepatan putaran aktuatornya, sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan baterai sebesar 0,16V permenit dengan kecepatan maximal.
THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFRONTATION OF UKRAINIAN FOREIGN AND SOVIET RESEARCHERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE OUN ACTIVITIES
Authors: NADURAK Nataliia
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the level and features of research of OUN activities in the 1930–1940s by Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography. A historiographical reflection and comparative analysis of works on this problem are carried out, the methodological and ideological confrontation of Ukrainian foreign and Soviet authors is described. The author describes the debatable, the least researched issues and concludes that in the Soviet historiography regarding the Ukrainian nationalist movement, an "image of the enemy" was formed, events were falsified. It was summed up that the generally accepted statements among Soviet historians were charges of the OUN leadership in collaboration with the German intelligence and the Polish government, as well as allegations of leading influence on the OUN of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC). It is emphasized that the Soviet authors introduced the documentary sources of the Soviet special services into scientific circulation, in which many facts of the population's cooperation with the OUN and information about its activity in Western Ukraine were presented. A large number of historical works on this issue underscore its significance and relevance in the 1950-1980s. The author finds that the first in-depth study of various aspects of the activities of the OUN and the creation of a significant scientific heritage are the main achievements of the Ukrainian foreign historiography on this issue. At the same time, she notes that, from a methodological point of view, these researches were on the border between memoirs and historical studies since they were influenced by authors' affiliation with a particular group of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. It is pointed out that the specifics of a significant part of Ukrainian foreign publications was the material politicization, the deliberate concealment of unfavorable problems, and facts. However, Ukrainian foreign historians proved that in the 1930-1950s, the Ukrainian nationalist movement, which gained unprecedented development and popularity, was a significant political force in Western Ukraine. The memoirs of participants of the liberation movement, which became an important achievement of Ukrainian foreign historiography, are analyzed. The author concludes that both Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography were active representatives of the confrontation of competing political systems, and their research do not meet the criteria of science.
Keywords: foreign historiography, Soviet historiography, modern Ukrainian historiography, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian nationalist movement.
BULAŞICI HASTALIKLARA İLİŞKİN KARANTİNA TEDBİRLERİNE UYMAMANIN CEZA HUKUKU AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Hakan
Published: January 2021

Bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadele başta olmak üzere kamu sağlığının korunması görevini yürüten Devletin, aldığı tedbirlerin etkili ve caydırıcı olabilmesi için, hukuk düzeninin izin verdiği ölçüde kamu gücü kullanarak tedbirlerin uygulanmasını sağlaması; alınan tedbirlere aykırı davranılması durumunda ilgili mevzuat çerçevesinde yaptırımlar uygulayabilmesi gerekir. Kamu sağlığının sadece idare hukukuna özgü tedbirlerle korunması yetersiz olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, kamu sağlığının daha etkili ve caydırıcı olarak korunabilmesi için 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun “Topluma Karşı Suçlar” başlıklı Üçüncü Kısmının “Kamu Sağlığına Karşı Suçlar” adını taşıyan Üçüncü Bölümünde yer alan diğer suçlarla birlikte “Bulaşıcı hastalıklara ilişkin tedbirlere aykırı davranma” suçu düzenlenmiştir. Bu suç açısından ceza hukukunun ilgi alanına giren fiil; “Bulaşıcı hastalıklardan birine yakalanmış veya bu hastalıklardan ölmüş kimsenin bulunduğu yerin karantina altına alınmasına dair yetkili makamlarca alınan tedbirlere uymama” fiilidir. Bulaşıcı hastalıklardan birine yakalanmış veya bu hastalıklardan ölmüş bir kimsenin bulunduğu yerin yetkili makamlar tarafından karantina altına alınması ve bu kapsamda yetkili makamlarca alınan karantina tedbirlerine kasten uyulmaması “Bulaşıcı hastalıklara ilişkin tedbirlere aykırı davranma” suçunu oluşturacaktır.
KARMA KULLANIM AMAÇLI BİR KONUT SATIŞI AÇISINDAN TKHK HÜKÜMLERİNİN UYGULANMASI SORUNU
Authors: DOĞAR Mehmet
Published: January 2021

6502 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanunun (TKHK) 40-46. maddeleri ile birlikte konut satışları, taraflardan birinin tüketici olması kaydıyla, TKHK kapsamına alınmıştır. TKHK 40/1 maddesi, bir tüketicinin satın alacağı taşınmazı sadece “barınma amaçlı” olarak kullanması gerektiğini açıkça hüküm altına almıştır. Diğer bir anlatımla, satışa konu taşınmaz, TKHK hükümlerine tabi olacak ise o konutu satın alan tüketiciler yaşamlarını orada devam ettirme niyetinde olmalıdırlar. Günümüzde, özellikle büyükşehirlerde nüfus yoğunluğuna ve Covid-19 salgınına da bağlı olarak giderek yaygınlaşan home-ofis tarzı karma kullanım amaçlı konutlar hızla yapılmaya ve satılmaya devam etmektedir. Home-ofis (karma kullanım) tarzı konutlara taleplerin giderek artmasının en önemli nedenlerinden biri, masrafların azaltılması, başka bir ifadeyle, tasarruf etme düşüncesidir. Gerçekten de, evi ile birlikte bir işyerine sahip olan birisi hem işyeri için hem de yaşadığı ev için ayrı ayrı doğalgaz, elektrik, su, internet ve aidat gibi giderler bakımından iki kere ödemede bulunmaktadır. Hâlbuki barınma ile birlikte işyeri ihtiyacının da karşılanabildiği “home-ofis” tarzı konutları satın alanlar, ev ve işyeri için iki ayrı masraf kalemi ödemekten kurtulmakta, ciddi anlamda tasarruf etmiş bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, home-ofis olarak kullanılacak bir konutun satışı halinde, TKHK hükümlerinden faydalanıp faydalanamayacağı sorusuna yanıt aranacaktır.
The role of terminal dental defects in the development of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (literature review)
Authors: Konnov V. V. , Pichugina E. N. , Arushanyan A. R. , Bizyaev A. A. , Khodorich A. S. , Konnova K. A. , Domenyuk D. A.
Published: January 2021

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) performs about 2000 different movements per day, therefore it is one of the most frequently functioning joints in the human body. The causes of TMJ pathology are quite diverse and until now scientists have not come to a consensus on this issue. Partial absence of teeth is a fairly common pathology of the dentoalveolar system and occurs in 75% of the adult population. The lack of treatment for this pathology for several years leads to a spatial topographic and anatomical restructuring of the elements of the temporomandibular joint. Defects in the dentition in combination with occlusive disorders are one of the main etiological factors in the development of TMJ dysfunction. The analysis of 105 studies of domestic and foreign authors on the effect of dentition defects on the formation of TMJ dysfunction was carried out. Of these, 71 sources were included in the analysis of the article. Many authors have reliably proven the relationship between occlusal disorders, due to distally unlimited defects in the dentition, and TMJ dysfunction. In addition, it has been proven that the signs of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are more pronounced in patients with unilateral terminal defects of the dentition.
First Record of Gravid Female American Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 1986) From the Black Sea
Authors: GÜL Mustafa , BODUR Barış , AYDIN Mehmet
Published: January 2021

The occurrence of American blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 1896, has been reported from the Black Sea, however, no gravid female has previously observed. Here, we record the first gravid female blue crab from the Black Sea. One individual of Atlantic blue crab was caught at 2 m depth using trammel net on 24th June 2020. The carapace width, carapace length, and the wet body weight of the crab were 200 mm, 81.03 mm, and 406.22 g, respectively. We also counted the eggs and measured the egg size. We further determined that the majority of the eggs were eyed, suggesting potential adaptation of the blue crabs to the Black Sea ecosystem.
Distribution and Control of Herbicide-Resistant Italian Ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Carolina
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Taylor Zachary R. , Everman Wesley J.
Published: January 2021

Italian ryegrass is consistently ranked as one of the most problematic weeds of winter wheat in the Southeastern United States. To determine the distribution of resistant Italian ryegrass biotypes, seed was collected from locations throughout North Carolina and screened with diclofop, pinoxaden, mesosulfuron, and pyroxsulam. Results identified evidence of resistance to diclofop at all locations sampled throughout the state. Resistance to mesosulfuron, pyroxsulam, and pinoxaden were confirmed in 11, 19, and five percent of sampled locations, respectively. Additionally, Italian ryegrass biotypes resistant to multiple and all herbicides tested were identified, eliminating POST herbicide application as an option for control. Adjusting tillage practices may be an option for sustainable weed management to maintain effective control and maximize crop yield. Companion studies were established in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of North Carolina in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of tillage on Italian ryegrass efficacy with herbicides. Herbicide treatments consisted of pyroxasulfone PRE only, mesosulfuron, or pinoxaden and POST only applications of mesosulfuron plus pyroxasulfone or pinoxaden plus pyroxasulfone. Tillage treatments included no-till and conservation tillage. Treatments containing pinoxaden provided the greatest Italian ryegrass control, regardless of tillage system. The use of pyroxasulfone PRE controlled a higher percentage of Italian ryegrass in the Piedmont when compared to the Coastal Plain, which is believed to be due to multiple flushes during the growing season in the Coastal Plain. Herbicide treatment was still a significant factor in Italian ryegrass control, but Italian ryegrass seed head density was consistently lower in the no-till system. Tillage may be stimulating germination, allowing greater control with PRE herbicides. An integrated system of herbicides and tillage may allow for greater yield and reduce selection pressure on POST herbicides.
Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions
Authors: Sachdeva Shivangi , Davis Ronald W. , Saha Amit K.
Published: January 2021

Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.
Tumor-Suppressive Role of microRNA-202-3p in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through the KDM3A/HOXA1/MEIS3 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Pan Qi , Shao Zigong
Published: January 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a malignant tumor predominantly arising in the setting of cirrhosis and is the third most common cause of cancer-associated death on a global scale. The heterogeneous nature of HCC and limited well-recognized biomarkers may contribute to poor patient prognosis and treatment failure. In this study, we identified expression pattern of microRNA-202-3p (miR-202-3p) in HCC and characterized its functional role as well as related mechanisms. First, we collected 50 HCC tissues and 38 normal liver tissues, and after bioinformatics prediction, the expression of miR-202-3p and KDM3A was determined in the tissues. We found lowly expressed miR-202-3p and overexpressed KDM3A in HCC tissues. Then, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to test the presence of miR-202-3p binding sites in the 3’UTR of KDM3A and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to homeobox A1 (HOXA1) interaction with KDM3A and MEIS3. It has been confirmed that miR-202-3p negatively regulated KDM3A responsible for increasing the expression of HOXA1 by eliminating the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9)me2 in HCC cells. HOXA1 could evidently increase H3K4me1 and H3K27ac enrichment in the MEIS3 enhancer region and enhance the expression of MEIS3. Functional assays were also performed with the results showing that upregulated miR-202-3p or downregulated KDM3A retarded HCC cell viability, migration, and invasion. In addition, HepG2 cells were xenografted into nude mice, and we demonstrated that upregulated miR-202-3p reduced the growth of human HCC cells in vivo. Taken together, the present study elicits a novel miR-202-3p/KDM3A/HOXA1/MEIS3 pathway in HCC, potentiating an exquisite therapeutic target for HCC.
The Impact of miRNAs in Health and Disease of Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Intartaglia Daniela , Giamundo Giuliana , Conte Ivan
Published: January 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, are essential key players in the control of biological processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. miRNAs play important roles in fine tuning the expression of many genes, which often have roles in common molecular networks. miRNA dysregulation thus renders cells vulnerable to aberrant fluctuations in genes, resulting in degenerative diseases. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of polarized pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the light-sensitive photoreceptors (PR) and the choriocapillaris. The demanding physiological functions of RPE cells require precise gene regulation for the maintenance of retinal homeostasis under stress conditions and the preservation of vision. Thus far, our understanding of how miRNAs function in the homeostasis and maintenance of the RPE has been poorly addressed, and advancing our knowledge is central to harnessing their potential as therapeutic agents to counteract visual impairment. This review focuses on the emerging roles of miRNAs in the function and health of the RPE and on the future exploration of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to counteract blinding diseases.
Involvement of Netrins and Their Receptors in Neuronal Migration in the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Yamagishi Satoru , Bando Yuki , Sato Kohji
Published: January 2021

In mammals, excitatory cortical neurons develop from the proliferative epithelium and progenitor cells in the ventricular zone and subventricular zone, and migrate radially to the cortical plate, whereas inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are born in the ganglionic eminence and migrate tangentially. The migration of newly born cortical neurons is tightly regulated by both extracellular and intracellular signaling to ensure proper positioning and projections. Non-cell-autonomous extracellular molecules, such as growth factors, axon guidance molecules, extracellular matrix, and other ligands, play a role in cortical migration, either by acting as attractants or repellents. In this article, we review the guidance molecules that act as cell–cell recognition molecules for the regulation of neuronal migration, with a focus on netrin family proteins, their receptors, and related molecules, including neogenin, repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs), Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), fibronectin leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins (FLRTs), and draxin. Netrin proteins induce attractive and repulsive signals depending on their receptors. For example, binding of netrin-1 to deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), possibly together with Unc5, repels migrating GABAergic neurons from the ventricular zone of the ganglionic eminence, whereas binding to α3β1 integrin promotes cortical interneuron migration. Human genetic disorders associated with these and related guidance molecules, such as congenital mirror movements, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, are also discussed.
Epiregulin (EREG) and Myocardin Related Transcription Factor A (MRTF-A) Form a Feedforward Loop to Drive Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Dong Wenhui , Zhang Tianyi , Ren Haozhen , Wang Jinglin , Shang Longcheng , Zhu Zhengyi , Zhu Wei , Shi Xiaolei , Xu Yong
Published: January 2021

Trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) into myofibroblast cells is considered the linchpin of liver fibrosis. A myriad of signaling pathways contribute to HSC activation and consequently liver fibrosis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of cytokines signal through the cognate receptor EGFR to promote HSC activation. In the present study we investigated the transcription regulation of epiregulin (EREG), an EGFR ligand, during HSC activation. We report that EREG expression was significantly up-regulated in activated HSCs compared to quiescent HSCs isolated from mice. In addition, there was an elevation of EREG expression in HSCs undergoing activation in vitro. Of interest, deficiency of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a well-documented regulator of HSC trans-differentiation, attenuated up-regulation of EREG expression both in vivo and in vitro. Further analysis revealed that MRTF-A interacted with serum response factor (SRF) to bind directly to the EREG promoter and activate EREG transcription. EREG treatment promoted HSC activation in vitro, which was blocked by MRTF-A depletion or inhibition. Mechanistically, EREG stimulated nuclear trans-location of MRTF-A in HSCs. Together, our data portray an EREG-MRTF-A feedforward loop that contributes to HSC activation and suggest that targeting the EREG-MRTF-A axis may yield therapeutic solutions against liver fibrosis.
Transient Receptor Potential Channel 6 Knockout Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis by Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Yin Nina , Sun Anbang , Wu Qifang , Hu Wenzhu , Hou Xin , Zeng Xixi , Zhu Min , Liao Yanhong
Published: January 2021

Kidney fibrosis is generally confirmed to have a significant role in chronic kidney disease, resulting in end-stage kidney failure. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important molecular mechanism contributing to fibrosis. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC), the major component of kidney parenchyma, are vulnerable to different types of injuries and are a significant source of myofibroblast by EMT. Furthermore, TRPC6 knockout plays an anti-fibrotic role in ameliorating kidney damage. However, the relationship between TRPC6 and EMT is unknown. In this study, TRPC6−/−and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to a unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) operation. Primary TEC were treated with TGF-β1. Western blot and immunofluorescence data showed that fibrotic injuries alleviated with the inhibition of EMT in TRPC6−/−mice compared to WT mice. The activation of AKT-mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways was down-regulated in the TRPC6−/−mice, while the loss of Na+/K+-ATPase and APQ1 was partially recovered. We conclude that TRPC6 knockout may ameliorate kidney fibrosis by inhibition of EMT through down-regulating the AKT-mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways. This could contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies on chronic kidney diseases.
Hsa_circ_0020095 Promotes Oncogenesis and Cisplatin Resistance in Colon Cancer by Sponging miR-487a-3p and Modulating SOX9
Authors: Sun Yanlai , Cao Zhen , Shan Junqi , Gao Yang , Liu Xin , Ma Dejian , Li Zengjun
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Colon cancer (CC) currently ranks as the third most common human cancer worldwide with an increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. Recently, circular RNAs have been reported to regulate the progression of diverse human cancers. However, the role of circRNA hsa_circ_0020095 in CC remains largely unclear.

Methods

Expression levels of the related circRNAs, microRNAs and mRNA in CC tissues and cells were determined. The impacts of circ_0020095 or miR-487a-3p on CC cells were examined at the indicated times after transfection. Meanwhile, a luciferase-reporter experiment was employed to validate the interplay between miR-487a-3p and circ_002009695 or SOX9. Moreover, the in vivo tumor growth assay was applied to further evaluate the effects of circ_0020095 knockdown on CC progression.

Results

We demonstrated that circ_0020095 was highly expressed in CC tissues and cells. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of CC were suppressed by silencing circ_0020095 in vitro and in vivo or by ectopic expression of miR-487a-3p in vitro. Mechanistically, circ_0020095 could directly bind to miR-487a-3p and subsequently act as a miR-487a-3p sponge to modulate the activity by targeting the 3′-UTR of SOX9. Interestingly, overexpression of circ_0020095 dramatically reversed the suppressive effects of miR-487a-3p mimics on CC cells.

Conclusion

Circ_0020095 functions as an oncogene to accelerate CC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and cisplatin resistance through the miR-487a-3p/SOX9 axis, which could be a promising target for CC treatment.
Neuromesodermal Progenitors: A Basis for Robust Axial Patterning in Development and Evolution
Authors: Sambasivan Ramkumar , Steventon Benjamin
Published: January 2021

During early development the vertebrate embryo elongates through a combination of tissue shape change, growth and progenitor cell expansion across multiple regions of the body axis. How these events are coordinated across the length of the embryo to generate a well-proportioned body axis is unknown. Understanding the multi-tissue interplay of morphogenesis, growth and cell fate specification is essential for us to gain a complete understanding how diverse body plans have evolved in a robust manner. Within the posterior region of the embryo, a population of bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors generate both spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm derivatives during the elongation of the vertebrate body. Here we summarize recent data comparing neuromesodermal lineage and their underlying gene-regulatory networks between species and through development. We find that the common characteristic underlying this population is a competence to generate posterior neural and paraxial mesoderm cells, with a conserved Wnt/FGF and Sox2/T/Tbx6 regulatory network. We propose the hypothesis that by maintaining a population of multi-germ layer competent progenitors at the posterior aspect of the embryo, a flexible pool of progenitors is maintained whose contribution to the elongating body axis varies as a consequence of the relative growth rates occurring within anterior and posterior regions of the body axis. We discuss how this capacity for variation in the proportions and rates of NM specification might have been important allowing for alterations in the timing of embryo growth during evolution.