bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the proportions of dogs and cats that are surgically sterilized
Authors: Mahlow Jane C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine an estimate of the proportions of dogs and cats in Texas that are surgically sterilized and whether those proportions differed according to species and sex of the animal, level of responsibility of the owner, or geographic location.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Animals

43,831 dogs and cats ≥ 6 months old.

Procedure

Information on sterilization rates was provided by 14 licensing agencies and 16 animal shelters in diverse regions of Texas. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare sterilization rates among subpopulations of animals (dogs vs cats, males vs females, sheltered vs licensed, rural vs urban location).

Results

Overall, 12,893 (29.4%) of the animals (26.9% of dogs and 32.6% of cats) were sterilized. Proportions of animals sterilized were significantly different among subpopulations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Although the cause of pet overpopulation is multifaceted, failure of owners to spay and castrate their animals is a major contributing factor. Significant differences in sterilization rates among subpopulations of dogs and cats suggest that organizations encouraging spaying and castration should use motivational techniques specific for the pet owners they are targeting. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:640–643)
Frequency of musculoskeletal injuries and risk factors associated with injuries incurred in Quarter Horses during races
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Dresser Beth T. , Peloso John G. , Mundy George D. , Woods April M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine the frequency and anatomic location of musculoskeletal injuries incurred by Quarter Horses during races and to compare data from injured horses and matched control horses.

Design

Matched case-control study.

Animals

97 Quarter Horses that sustained a musculoskeletal injury during races and 291 horses from the same races that were not injured.

Procedure

Data examined included racing history, race-entrant characteristics, racing events determined by analysis of videotapes of races, and, when performed, results of prerace physical inspections. Data for injured horses were compared with data for control horses, using conditional logistic regression.

Results

Incidence of a catastrophic injury among Quarter Horses during races was approximately 0.8/1,000 race starts, whereas incidence of musculoskeletal injury during racing was approximately 2.2/1,000 race starts. Odds of musculoskeletal injury were approximately 8 times greater among horses assessed to be at increased risk of injury on the basis of results of prerace physical inspection than for horses not considered to be at increased risk of injury. Evidence was lacking that 2-year-old horses were at increased risk of injury or that sex influenced the risk of injury among Quarter Horses during races.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Incidence of racing injury among Quarter Horses appears to be lower than that observed among Thoroughbreds. Regulatory veterinarians can identify horses at increased risk of injury on the basis of prerace physical inspection, indicating that these inspections could be used to reduce the risk of injury during races. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:662–669)
Surgical treatment and long-term outcome of ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia: 56 cases (1994–1997)
Authors: Weiss Charles A. , Williams Bruce H. , Scott Jason B. , Scott Michael V.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine signalment, clinical signs, concurrent diseases, response to surgical treatment, and long-term outcome of ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

56 ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia confirmed histologically following subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy.

Procedure

Medical records of all ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or hyperplasia examined between 1994 and 1997 were reviewed. Ferrets underwent a subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy or a unilateral adrenalectomy initially, followed by a unilateral subtotal adrenalectomy when tumors or hyperplasia later developed on the contralateral adrenal gland. A long-term follow-up of a minimum of 18 months after final adrenal gland surgery was obtained by examination of medical records and follow-up telephone conversations.

Results

Clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism included bilaterally symmetric alopecia, return to male sexual behavior in castrated male ferrets, or swollen vulva in spayed female ferrets. Surgical treatment of bilateral adrenal disease by subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy (or unilateral adrenalectomy followed by contralateral unilateral subtotal adrenalectomy) was effective with a mortality rate of < 2%. Only 3 (5%) ferrets required glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid replacement following subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy. Recurrence after bilateral adrenalectomy was 15% with a mean long-term follow-up period of 30 months.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Bilaterally symmetric alopecia, return to male sexual behavior in castrated male ferrets, or swollen vulva in spayed female ferrets are indicative of adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia in ferrets. Surgical treatment of bilateral adrenal disease by subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy is effective, with a low rate of complications and postoperative recurrence rate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:820–823)
Fecal shedding of feline coronavirus in adult cats and kittens in an Abyssinian cattery
Authors: Harpold Lynn M. , Legendre Alfred M. , Kennedy Melissa A. , Plummer Paul J. , Millsaps Kent , Rohrbach Bart
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine patterns of fecal shedding of feline coronavirus (FCV) by cats, age at which kittens first began to shed FCV in their feces, and whether there was any relationship between fecal shedding of FCV and serum antibody titers in adult cats or kittens.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Animals

15 adult cats and 18 kittens from a single cattery.

Procedure

Blood and fecal samples were collected from adult cats every other month for 13 months. Serum FCV antibody titers were measured by use of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. A reverse-transcriptase, nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect FCV in feces. Blood and fecal samples were collected from kittens at approximately 2-week intervals from 3 weeks to 15 weeks of age.

Results

Adult cats shed FCV intermittently. All adult cats shed virus in their feces at least once during the year, and 4 of 15 shed virus > 75% of the time. Serum antibody titer was not significantly associated with shedding of FCV. For the kittens, median age at the time FCV was first detected in feces was 67 days (range, 33 to 78 days). All except 1 of the kittens was found to be shedding virus in their feces before or at the time of seroconversion.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Results suggest that serum FCV antibody titers are not a good indicator of shedding of FCV in the feces. Kittens may shed FCV in their feces before they seroconvert, and all kittens in a cattery in which FCV infection is endemic may be infected before 12 weeks of age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:948–951)
Ophthalmic examination and conjunctival bacteriologic culture results from a herd of North American bison
Authors: Davidson Harriet J. , Vestweber Jerome G. , Brightman Alan H. , Van Slyke Thomas H. , Cox Linda K. , Chengappa M. M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To establish ocular characteristics, determine nature and prevalence of ocular lesions, and identify representative bacterial flora from the conjunctiva of North American bison (Bison bison).

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

63 bison; 45 males and 18 females.

Procedure

Ophthalmic examinations were performed on 1 group of 38 bison in December 1997 and on a second group of 25 in March 1998. Eyes were examined with a penlight, magnification loop, and indirect ophthalmoscope. Two culture swabs were used to obtain samples from the inferior conjunctival sac. One swab was submitted for isolation of bacteria and the second was submitted for isolation of Mycoplasma organisms.

Results

15 ocular abnormalities were observed in 13 of the 63 bison. These included minor ocular discharge in 5 animals, 1 eyelid laceration, 1 periocular Demodex spp infection, 6 corneal abnormalities, 1 anterior synechia, and 1 cataract. Seventeen species of bacteria were isolated from the 63 swabs submitted for culture. The most prevalent bacteria were of the genus Bacillus (74.6%). Mycoplasma organisms were not observed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Corneal abnormalities were the most frequently identified ocular lesions in bison. Bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and ocular characteristics were similar to those reported for cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1142–1144)
Intravenous administration of hypertonic sodium chloride solution with dextran or isotonic sodium chloride solution for treatment of septic shock secondary to pyometra in dogs
Authors: Fantoni Denise Tabacchi , Auler Jos Otávio Costa , Futema Fábio , Cortopassi Silvia Renata Gaido , Migliati Elton Rodrigues , Faustino Marcelo , de Oliveira Clair Mottos
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine effects of IV administration of hypertonic saline (7.5% NaCl) solution with 6% dextran 70 (HSSD) or isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (ISS) to dogs with septic shock secondary to pyometra.

Design

Prospective, randomized, clinical study.

Animals

14 client-owned dogs with septic shock secondary to pyometra.

Procedure

Prior to emergency ovariohysterectomy, catheters were placed in pulmonary and femoral arteries of each dog to evaluate hemodynamic and oxygenation status. Immediately prior to surgery, 7 dogs received HSSD (4 ml/kg [1.82 ml/lb] of body weight, IV) and 7 dogs received ISS (32 ml/kg [14.54 ml/lb], IV) during a 5-minute period. Measurements of hemodynamic and oxygenation variables were obtained before and 5 and 20 minutes after administration of fluids.

Results

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly 5 and 20 minutes after administration of HSSD, whereas ISS did not affect MAP. However, cardiac output, cardiac index, and oxygen delivery increased and hematocrit decreased after both treatments. Oxygen consumption and extraction rate and degree of acidosis did not improve after either treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Intravenous administration of small volumes of HSSD to dogs with septic shock secondary to pyometra resulted in improvement of hemodynamic and oxygenation status. Although cardiac output, cardiac index, and oxygen delivery improved after administration of a volume of ISS equal to 8 times that of HSSD, MAP increased to > 80 mm Hg only after treatment with HSSD. Administration of HSSD may be an effective treatment for septic shock in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1283–1287)
Smoke exposure in dogs: 27 cases (1988–1997)
Authors: Drobatz Kenneth J. , Walker Lynn M. , Hendricks Joan C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate clinical findings, prognostic variables, and clinical course of dogs exposed to smoke.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

27 dogs exposed to smoke in residential fires.

Procedure

Medical records were reviewed for 1988–1997. Time of year, signalment, interval from fire to arrival at veterinary hospital, duration of smoke exposure, clinical signs at the fire scene, physical examination findings, changes in respiratory tract signs, radiographic findings, hematologic and arterial blood gas analyses, initial treatment, clinical course, and outcome were recorded.

Results

27 dogs (16 uncomplicated and 11 complicated cases) were identified. In the complicated group, 4 dogs died, 4 were euthanatized, and 3 had a complicated clinical course. Stupor or coma (8 of 17 dogs), coughing or gagging (6), and respiratory difficulty (6) were commonly observed at the fire scene. Substantial improvement was evident within 5 to 30 minutes after dogs were given supplemental oxygen at the fire scene. More severely affected dogs had a higher median PCV (58%) than less severely affected dogs (50%). Most common thoracic radiographic findings were an alveolar (10 dogs) or an interstitial (3) pattern.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Dogs exposed to smoke can develop respiratory or neurologic complications. Monitoring progression of respiratory problems on the day after the fire may provide clinicians with clues about the severity of each dog's condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1306–1311)
Smoke exposure in cats: 22 cases (1986–1997)
Authors: Drobatz Kenneth J. , Walker Lynn M. , Hendricks Joan C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To review clinical findings and clinical course for cats exposed to smoke in residential fires and to determine clinical variables that may have prognostic importance.

Design

Retrospective study.

Animals

22 cats admitted to our veterinary teaching hospital between 1986 and 1997 with a history of smoke exposure during a residential fire.

Procedure

Medical records were reviewed for history, clinical signs, physical examination findings, changes in respiratory tract signs, initial hematologic analysis, treatment, results of thoracic radiography, and outcome.

Results

Fifteen of 22 (68%) cats were categorized in the uncomplicated group, 5 (23%) in the complicated group, and 2 (9%) were discharged after a short period because of financial considerations. Twenty (91%) cats survived, but 2 (9%) were euthanatized because of severe respiratory compromise or neurologic changes. Predominant thoracic radiographic changes were diffuse interstitial pattern (6 cats) and focal alveolar pattern (5). The majority (8/13) of cats that were stable or had improved by the day after admission had an uncomplicated clinical course while hospitalized, whereas cats that were worse on the day after admission tended to have a complicated clinical course.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Cats that survive a residential fire and are admitted to a hospital have a good chance to be discharged. Cats that do not have signs of respiratory tract dysfunction at admission probably will not develop severe respiratory complications. For cats with signs of respiratory dysfunction at admission, better prognostic information will be determined by monitoring progression of the respiratory condition on the day after admission. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1312–1316)
Lateral flow assay: a promising rapid point-of-care testing tool for infections and non-communicable diseases
Authors: Vealan Kumaravel , Joseph Narcisse , Alimat Sharizah , Karumbati Anandi S. , Thilakavathy Karuppiah
Published: December 2023

The point-of-care testing (POCT) approach has established itself as having remarkable importance in diagnosing various infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The POCT approach has succeeded in meeting the current demand for having diagnostic strategies that can provide fast, sensitive, and highly accurate test results without involving complicated procedures. This has been accomplished by introducing rapid bioanalytical tools or biosensors such as lateral flow assays (LFAs). The production cost of these tools is very low, allowing developing countries with limited resources to utilize them or produce them on their own. Thus, their use has grown in various fields in recent years. More importantly, LFAs have created the possibility for a new era of incorporating nanotechnology in disease diagnosis and have already attained significant commercial success worldwide, making POCT an essential approach not just for now but also for the future. In this review, we have provided an overview of POCT and its evolution into the most promising rapid diagnostic approach. We also elaborate on LFAs with a special focus on nucleic acid LFAs.
Differences in the Synergic Accumulation of Toxic Elements in Pelagic and Benthic Fish from Glacier-Fed Rivers of the Dzungarian Alatau
Authors: Janiga Marián , Janiga Martin , Brecelj Samuel , Feješ Samuel , Abduakasov Aibek , Oxikbayev Berikzhan , Haas Martina
Published: December 2023

The determination of potentially toxic element concentrations in fish is an important topic from the point of view of both nature conservation and human consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, and P in benthic and pelagic fish species in the Karatal river, which is fed by melting glaciers from the Dzungarian Alatau in Kazakhstan. In September 2022, 48 fish samples were collected. It has been demonstrated that the accumulation of chemical elements in fish species can be explained by both the physiological parameters of the fish species and the influence of glaciers that feed river habitats. The data presented in this study provide a synergistic view of pollutants affecting fish populations. Benthic fish contained more manganese and strontium than pelagic species, while the mutual accumulation of potassium, chromium, rubidium, and molybdenum was higher in pelagic fish. The synergistic concentration of calcium and phosphorus in pelagic fish was higher than that in benthic species, while the amount of zinc and sulfur was higher in benthic animals. Relatively elevated levels of mercury in fish were found. The study contributes to the discussion about the role of glacial environments in loading pollutants to aquatic systems.
Germination Responses of Ruta montana (L.) L. Seeds From Tessala Mount (Northwest of Algeria) to Different Controlled Environmental Conditions
Authors: Bendahoua Abdelkrim , Mehdadi Zoheir , Chellali Imène , Mouri-Bendimered Fatima Zohra , Latreche Ali , Cherifi Kouider
Published: December 2023

This work is part of the exsitu conservation of Ruta montana (L.) L., a spontaneous Rutaceae, known for its many therapeutic properties. The aim is to study, under controlled conditions, the effects of daylight and darkness, temperature, salt, and water stress on the germination of its seeds. Salt stress was induced by different molar concentrations of NaCl (0–200 mM), and water stress was simulated using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) corresponding to different water potentials (0-1.2 MPa).

The results obtained showed that R. montana seeds were viable and could germinate both in daylight and in continuous darkness. Germination was possible at temperatures between 10 and 30 °C, with the maximum final germination percentage (FGP = 81.66%) recorded at 20 °C. At this optimum temperature, FGP decreased significantly when the seeds were placed under salt and water stress (p< 0.01).This decrease became more and more significant when the osmotic pressure induced by NaCl increased and when the water potential induced by PEG6000 in the medium decreased. The depressive effect of salt and water stress on FGP was verified by a linear regression analysis, which showed high values of the coefficient of determination (R
2):0.934 for water stress and 0.890 for salt stress. This effect on the velocity coefficient and latency time was more moderate or lower. The thresholds of tolerance to salinity and water deficit found were 150 mM and −1 MPa, respectively, for which the lowest FGP values were recorded with 16.25% for water stress and 11.10% for salt stress.
Vegetation Dynamics of North African Steppe (Case Study of the Moulouya Plateau In Morocco)
Authors: Madihi Mohammed El , Moukrim Said , Lahssini Said , Menzou Kamal , Moukrim Mustapha , Bammou Mohamed Ben , Boudjaj Abdessadeq , Rhazi Laila
Published: December 2023

The North African steppe areas represent a heritage of great economic and ecological importance. These areas, which were once prosperous, are currently experiencing significant degradation and a decrease in productivity due to several factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the steppe vegetation, identify the responsible factors, and present perspectives for their management and restoration. The methodological approach adopted for the characterization of climatic and socioeconomic conditions and the analysis of vegetation dynamics combined classical geomatics methods with a data mining method by mobilizing several sources and on important temporal horizons. This study was optimized by using the Google Earth Engine platform. Results showed that steppe areas are characterized by their plant richness and great potential for resilience despite their low vegetation cover. The analysis of the dynamics of change has highlighted a regressive trend in steppe vegetation during the study period (1995–2020). This study has been able to highlight the extent of the dynamics of the steppes in the study area during the last 26 years and to identify the human activity as the main trigger for the transformation that steppe areas are currently undergoing. Such results improve our knowledge of these areas and open perspectives for their management.
Comparative Analysis of Fruit Tree–Based Agroforestry and Monoculture in Tackling Climate Change Challenges: Evidence from Sofi District, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Daba , Estifanos Solomon , Asfaw Zebene
Published: December 2023

The effects of climate change have hit the agriculture sector in Africa hard. Making adjustments to adapt to the changing environment is critical for countries like Ethiopia, whose primary source of income is subsistence agriculture, which is heavily reliant on rainfall. As a result, establishing context-specific adaptation approaches is crucial for reducing the adverse effects of climate change. This study was conducted at Sofi district, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia, to compare the contribution of fruit tree–based agroforestry and monoculture in tackling climate change challenges. To choose two kebeles and 102 household heads, multistage random sampling was used. Soil and biomass measurements were used to collect soil samples and biomass samples. According to the findings of the study, there are significant differences in how agroforestry and monoculture smallholder farmers deal with climate change challenges in terms of livelihood strategies, with agroforestry smallholders being more resilient. Carbon stock accumulation was estimated to be 453.32 mg ha−1 in agroforestry and 124.7 mg ha−1 in monoculture, where no trees were found on monoculture land. The findings of the study demonstrated that carbon stock accumulation was statistically significant between the mean of soil organic carbon agroforestry land use. Agroforestry systems, in general, contribute significantly more to smallholder livelihoods, as well as the socioeconomic system, in the face of climate change concerns. Incorporating smallholders into an agroforestry system for long-term livelihood sustainability requires support in the form of resources, training, and research. In the face of climate change threats, local, regional, and national governments, as well as financial institutions and other agricultural credit providers, must support smallholders.
From Discontent to Empowerment: Upon a New Power Model
Authors: Mudure Mihaela
Published: December 2023

This paper is the result of years of experience and discontent with certain approaches to women’s militancy and women’s activism. Women’s power as leaders should not consist in replacing a master wearing trousers with a master wearing skirts, both of them calling for submission from their subordinates. Consequently, the main problem that Gender Studies should solve is theorizing the issue of power and offering a new power model that is not hierarchical, but collaborative.
Digital Education in the Therapeutic Healthcare Professions: Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Speech and Language Therapy: a Scoping Review / Digitale Ausbildung in den therapeutischen Gesundheitsberufen Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und Logopädie: Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Giesselbach Lisa , Boettcher Aisha Meriel , Sommer Sascha
Published: December 2023

Against the background of increasingly complex healthcare needs, well-trained healthcare professionals are urgently needed. New technologies in the field of digital education can both improve access to education and support the development of transformative skills. This raises the question of the didactic use of digital education in the healthcare professions, which acquire professional knowledge, practical skills, and analytical skills as part of their training. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to investigate what is known in the literature about digital education in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech and language therapy. Following a systematic literature search, 100 studies in the past ten years were identified. After prescreening, 16 studies were identified to answer the research question, and for this summarized numerically and then analyzed in a qualitative synthesis. The results provide evidence of positively evaluated teaching concepts and techniques, analytical and practical skill acquisition, and proven technologies. In addition, the results highlight the diversity of digital training options and provide evidence of their effects.
Identification of barriers and facilitators of successful interprofessional education (IPE) – a scoping umbrella review / Identifizierung der Einflussfaktoren für die interprofessionelle Ausbildung (IPE) – ein Umbrella Scoping Review
Authors: Handgraaf Marietta , Wallin Jasmin , Groll Christina , Posenau André
Published: December 2023

Objective

The study aims to provide an overview of factors influencing interprofessional education (IPE).

Method

A systematic literature search was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers conducted the study selection and data analysis. Subsequently, the factors influencing IPE were summarized through qualitative narrative synthesis.

Results

The search yielded 1,040 results, of which 10 studies were ultimately included. The influencing factors that were identified were clustered into three dimensions: learners, educators, and institutions. Reviewing the selected studies, it became evident that all influencing factors are closely interdependent. In the learners’ dimension, the construct of diversity, related to group formation and the strengthening of their sense of belonging, was identified as a facilitating factor for IPE. Thus, it appears that the formation of an interprofessional identity has a positive impact on the constructs mentioned. Moreover, the competence of the educators, and the combination of teaching methods, were crucial factors for sustainable IPE. Institutional support plays a facilitating role.

Conclusion

The overview results of this study can be used to identify areas for improvement and changes in IPE. Crucial for institutions is the support through management and leadership, along with the implementation of effective faculty development concepts. Further research on IPE is needed to extend understanding of the constructs of diversity, team efficiency and interprofessional identity, as well as the respective relations between them.
Medical laboratory technicians’ job satisfaction in Generations X, Y, and Z: Findings from an online survey in Austria / Arbeitszufriedenheit österreichischer biomedizinischer Analytiker*innen in den Generationen X, Y und Z: Ergebnisse einer Online-Umfrage aus Österreich
Authors: Schmidt Diana , Latzke Markus
Published: December 2023

Goal

Medical laboratory technicians (MLTs) play an essential role in health care, and the profession has to deal increasingly with staff shortages. Consequently, retention of employees has become a crucial issue. So far, little attention has been paid to generational differences in factors regarding job satisfaction of MLTs, and comparatively few studies have included the youngest cohort of Generation Z. The aim of this study was to analyse aspects of MLTs’ job satisfaction from a generational perspective and to identify potential for improvement according to the different generations studied.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey study design was used. A total of 382 MLTs completed the online survey of which 371 met the eligibility criteria and were assigned to one of the three generational cohorts. The analysis focused on several aspects of job satisfaction, the gap between the perceived relevance and realization of these aspects, and factors influencing job satisfaction by generation.

Principal findings

For all aspects of job satisfaction, and across all generations, realization was rated worse than importance. Recognition represents the most important influencing factor for job satisfaction, but other aspects are specifically relevant to one of the three generations, such as relationships for Generation X, meaningful contribution for Generation Y, and income for Generation Z.

Practical applications

The various aspects of job satisfaction show commonalities and differences between the three generations. Employers and professional associations can draw on these findings to positively influence job satisfaction through generation-specific interventions to support this essential healthcare workforce.
Examining the presence of sarcopenia in women with rheumatoid arthritis: Case-control study
Authors: Akar Begum , Calik Bilge Basakci , Kabul Elif Gur , Akbaş Ayşe Nur Bayindir , Cobankara Veli
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of sarcopenia, functional status, fear-avoidance behaviors, biopsychosocial status and quality of life in RA women with healthy controls.

Methods

25 RA women and 25 healthy women were included in the study. Definition of sarcopenia was assessed using parameters recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP): Bioimpedance analysis for muscle mass (body fat ratio, skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index); grip and knee extension strength for muscle strength and 4-m course gait speed test for physical performance was applied. Functional status was evaluated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), fear-avoidance behaviors with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), biopsychosocial status with the Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ), and quality of life with Short Form-36 (SF-36).

Results

While none of the healthy women had sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia was detected in 7 (28%) of the women with RA. When RA and healthy groups were compared; skeletal muscle mass (p: 0,004); skeletal muscle mass index (p: 0,011); grip strength-right (p:0.001) and left (p:0.001); knee extension strength-right (p:0.001) and left (p:0.001), 4-m course gait speed test (p:0.001), HAQ (p:0.001), TKS (p:0.001), BETY-BQ (p:0.001), SF-36 physical (p:0.001) ve mental component (p:0.001) results were significant in favor of the healthy group while there was no difference in body fat ratio (p>0.05).

Conclusion

In women with RA, the frequency of sarcopenia is higher, and functional status, fear-avoidance behaviors, biopsychosocial status and quality of life are worse than healthy.
Measuring the insulating power from the sound impact of the floor covering of pressed expanded polystyrene
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia, Adžić Stefan , Radičević Branko ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Department of Production Engineering, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia, Bjelić Mišo ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Department of Production Engineering, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia, Šimunović Dragiša ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Department of Production Engineering, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia, Marašević Miljan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia, Stojić Nenad ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a study of the change in the sound of the impact for two in practice the most commonly used thickness of the floating floor from expanded pollistyrene. The standard SRPS ISO 717-2 defines Normalized values of the level of impact sound per Terce for the reference ceiling, and the procedure for obtaining an authoritative reduction of the sound level of impact of floor covers. The addition of expanded polystyrene panels to the reinforced concrete ceiling was evaluated for the improvement of sound insulation according to the SRPS EN ISO 717-2 standard. The results of the research showed that by increasing the thickness of the layer of pressed expanded polystyrene there is an improvement in the insulation from the sound of the impact.
An expert panel's review on patients with hereditary angioedema switching from attenuated androgens to oral prophylactic therapy
Authors: Lumry William R. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Li Henry H. , Levy Donald S. , Jones Douglas H. , Padilla Brad E. , Li-Mcleod Josephine , Tachdjian Raffi
Published: December 2023

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare condition marked by swelling episodes in various body parts, including the extremities, upper airway, face, intestinal tract, and genitals. Long-term prophylaxis (LTP), prescribed to control recurring HAE attacks, is integral
to its management. Previously, attenuated androgens (AAs) were the only oral LTP options. However, in 2020, berotralstat, an oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, was approved in the United States. A 2018 survey of adults with HAE type I or type II showed that almost all the patients who used
prophylactic HAE medication preferred oral treatment (98%) and felt that it fit their lifestyle better than injectable treatment (96%). Still, guidelines lack consensus on transitioning patients from AAs to alternative oral prophylactic therapy. Objective: This paper aims
to share expert insights and patient feedback on transitioning from AAs to berotralstat, an alternative oral prophylactic therapy, from the perspective of clinicians with extensive experience in treating patients with HAE. Methods: A panel of five HAE specialists convened
for a virtual half-day roundtable discussion in April 2023. Results: Discussions about transitioning from AAs to berotralstat were prompted by routine consultations, patient inquiries based on independent research, ineffective current treatment, or worsening AA-related
adverse effects. For patients who switched from AAs, the physicians reported that the decision was influenced by the alternative therapy's ability to prevent HAE attacks, its safety, and the once-daily administration schedule. All expert panel members identified fewer AA-related adverse effects;
better quality of life; and less severe, shorter, and less frequent HAE attacks as clinical or patient goals they hoped to achieve through the treatment switch. Conclusion: The emergence of new, highly specific LTP drugs for HAE calls for the development of comprehensive
recommendations and guidelines for transitioning from AAs to alternative oral prophylactic therapy. The expert panel highlighted key factors to consider during the development of such guidelines.
Nurses Supporting Harm Reduction: How Take-Home Naloxone is Conceived in the Context of Neoliberalism
Authors: Kusdemir Sibel , Oudshoorn Abe
Published: December 2023

Introduction – Individuals must be personally invested in their own recovery journey; however, the neoliberal perspective absolves the state of responsibility of this work and makes promotion of health merely an individual action. Naloxone distribution, as a harm reduction strategy, is presented herein as one practice engaged by nurses that demonstrates philosophical tension between neoliberalism and harm reduction.

Background Literature – The research literature supporting the provision of take-home naloxone (THN), non-medically administered, is significant and broad.

Discussion – The problem with neoliberal discourses of constrained healthcare resources in this case is that without broad availability of naloxone, drug poisonings will continue unchecked. There is an ethical call to nurses to support broad distribution of naloxone regardless of the costs involved.

Conclusion – THN is not only a best practice to reduce the harms of substance use, but it is also a political and philosophical act to hand over the control of public health resources to the public.
STABILIZATION OF THE OLIGOMERIC STATE GROEL’S APICAL DOMAIN BY SM-LIKE PROTEIN FROM SULFOLOBUS ACIDOCALDARIUS
Authors:   Institute of Protein Research RAS, Pushchino, Khairetdinova A.R. , Mikhaylina A.O. , Lekontseva N.V. , Marchenkov V.V. , Nikonov O.S. , Balobanov V.A.
Published: December 2023

It is proposed the applying of hyperstable homoheptameric Sm-like protein from S. acidocaldarius as a scaffold module for the creation of new oligomeric proteins. Hybrid protein ADGroEL-SacSm was obtained based on this module. The study of this protein shows the conservation of the structure of AD GroEL, the conservation of effective binding of non-native proteins, as well as the expansion of the range of conditions for its activity due to the stabilization of the heptameric structure.
STRUCTURAL RESEARCH OF NUCLEOPROTEINS OF NEW ORTHONAIROVIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN FEVER
Authors:   State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Tsishevskaya A.A. , Turin V.Yu. , Tishin A.E. , Imatdinov I.R. , Gladysheva A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2023

Tick-borne orthonairoviruses are considered a serious threat to public health worldwide. In addition to the CCHF virus, in the last three years, the Beiji nairovirus, Yeso virus and Songling virus associated with fever in humans have appeared. In the course of this study, a structural analysis was performed, synthetic genes expressing vectors and recombinant nucleoproteins of these viruses were created for structural studies using a SRS.
Impact of advanced maternal age and parity on birth outcome at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Uji Ago Boniface , Etenikang Abeshi Sylvester
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To assess the impact of advanced maternal age (AMA) and parity on birth outcomes.

Material and Methods

This was a three month retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. It involved hospital and delivery records of parturients who registered for delivery at this centre. They were grouped into those aged 20–34, and 335 referred to as AMA. The required data for the selected obstetric and neonatal outcomes were entered in Epi Info version 7.2.3 CDC Atlanta, Georgia statistical software for analysis.

Results

The odds for caesarean delivery were 4.42 with a 95% Confidence interval of 2.35–8.31. There were also increased odds of birth asphyxia, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), and stillbirths. There were no significant differences in the risks for foetal macrosomia, multiple pregnancy, and prematurity.

Conclusion

AMA women were more likely to have caesarean birth, PPH and stillbirths, while their babies were more likely to have birth asphyxia. There is a need for preventive strategies to ameliorate these risks in this group of parturients.
Utility of cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers in predicting the outcome of Guillain-Barre syndrome
Authors: Amalakanti Sridhar , Venkata Raman Arepalli Kesava , Priya Jillella Jyothi
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the potential of peripheral myelin protein 2 (P2) and Alpha B-crystallin (αBC) as predictive biomarkers in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Given the unpredictability of GBS prognosis, the need for specific and reliable biomarkers for disease development and intensity assessment is crucial.

Material and Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of 220 individuals diagnosed with GBS at a tertiary general hospital in South India. P2 and αBC levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were quantified using ELISA assay kits. The study spanned from March 2021 to April 2023, with participants aged 18–60 years. The study protocol adhered to ethical standards, and the Brighton criteria were employed for GBS diagnosis. CSF samples were collected at admission and two weeks post-onset. Data analysis utilised SPSS, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Upon admission, mean P2 levels were 2.2 ± 0.5 ng/mL, and αBC levels were 9.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL. After two weeks, P2 increased to 4.8 ± 0.8 ng/mL, and αBC increased to 15.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL. A positive correlation was observed between the rise in P2 and αBC levels and enhanced muscle strength at 4 weeks and 6 months.

Conclusion

The study suggests a significant increase in P2 and αBC levels in GBS patients, correlating with improved muscle strength. P2 and αBC ratios in CSF between the second and first weeks may serve as prognostic markers for GBS. Limitations include a small sample size and the absence of a control group, necessitating caution in generalizability.
Impact of MDR-1 mutations on HIV viral load and gender-specific effects: Insights from Co-Infection with malaria parasites
Authors: Onwuzurike Peace Amaka , Nkpeh Ushie Simon , Nnaemeka Ilokanuno Chinedu , Okwelogu Izunna Somadina
Published: December 2023

Objectives

MDR-1 mutations in HIV patients cause a significant increase in viral load due to impaired function of the transporter protein responsible for eliminating drugs from cells. As a result, infected cells show reduced drug removal, leading to elevated viral replication and higher viral load levels in the bloodstream. This poses challenges in HIV treatment, potentially leading to treatment failure and the development of drug-resistant viral strains. Identifying MDR-1 mutations in HIV patients is crucial to optimise treatment approaches, potentially involving alternative medications or combination therapies to overcome drug resistance.

Material and Methods

The study utilised various laboratory techniques to analyse the collected blood samples, including HIV serology using rapid diagnostic kits, viral load estimation using the COBAS® Ampli Prep/COBAS® Taq Man® HIV-1 Test, microscopy for detecting malaria parasites and PCR for characterising Plasmodium species and studying resistance genes.

Results

There is a positive relationship with the viral load when comparing patients who tested negative for MDR-1 mutations to those who tested positive. The p-value for this relationship is stated as <0.001, which means it is less than 0.001. This indicates that the relationship is statistically significant (p < 0.001), and we can conclude that MDR-1 status has a significant impact on viral load. HIV patients with identified MDR-1 mutations have been shown to have a dramatic increase in their viral load than in the absence of the mutation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study sheds light on the impact of MDR-1 mutations on HIV viral load, gender-specific effects and their interactions with malaria co-infection. The findings emphasise the importance of personalised treatment strategies for HIV patients, considering genetic variations, gender-specific factors and co-infections to optimise management and improve health outcomes in regions with overlapping disease burdens.
Autoimmunity in rheumatology: A review
Authors: Nasonov Evgeny L.
Published: December 2023

Autoimmunity and autoinflammation, co-potentiating pathological processes, are considered within the "immune-inflammatory" continuum (continuity with a variety of elements), reflecting the close relationship between the innate and acquired immune responses. Autoimmunity is the leading pathogenetic mechanism for a specific type of human chronic inflammatory disorders – autoimmune diseases, affecting more than 10% of people in the general population. Advances in molecular biology, pharmacogenetics, and bioinformatics provided the background for individualizing therapy for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases within personalized medicine. Studying the immunopathogenesis mechanisms, improving diagnostics, interpreting the molecular taxonomy, and developing approaches to the prevention and personalized therapy of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases are the priority issues of modern medicine.
Dynamics of Climatic Characteristics in the Area of the Kairakkum Reservoir (Tajikistan)
Authors:   Tajik National University, Normatov I. Sh. , Muminov A. O. ,   Tajik National University, Mirzokhonova S. O. ,   Tajik National University, Khodzhiboeva M. Kh. ,   State University named after B. Gafurov, Lugmonova Sh. O. ,   State University named after B. Gafurov
Published: December 2023

The work aims to study the dynamics of meteorological characteristics, the intra-annual distribution of atmospheric precipitation, and temperature in the area of the Kairakkum reservoir periods from the beginning of its operation (1960) to 2021. The reservoir using for seasonally regulate the flow of the river to provide water for irrigation, as well as to generate electricity. The reservoir filling began in 1956 and put into operation in 1959.The influence of the reservoir on the meteorological conditions of coastal areas assess a comparative analysis of the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the periods before (1930–1960) and after the construction (1961–2021) of the Kairakkum reservoirs. The data from Kairakkum reservoir meteorological station, located directly in the study area, for the period 1960–2021 were used. Generalization and processing of meteorological data from the meteorological station "Kairakkum reservoir" show that in the 1960–2021 periods the atmospheric precipitation amounts did not undergo significant changes and retained an almost constant value, but is variable by seasons of the year. Temperature dynamics have increasing trend. The difference in long-term seasonal temperatures between 1961–2021 and 1930–1960 periods was characterized by positive values by except of the summer season.
Nitrate and Ammonium Contamination of Groundwater in the Listvyanka Settlement on Lake Baikal
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Alexeeva L. P. , Alexeev S. V. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of seven years monitoring of the chemical composition and of pollution degree of groundwater in the Listvyanka settlement, which are used by the population for drinking and technical needs, as well as the surface waters of the local streams. Water sampling was carried out annually (summer or autumn). The general hydrogeochemical background in the settlement has been established, which is formed by groundwater of hydrocarbonate magnesiumcalcium composition with a salinity of 120–450 mg/L and a pH value close to neutral. The quality of groundwater from private wells and boreholes is generally satisfactory; the content of all regulated components in drinking groundwater generally does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. At the same time, in several wells and boreholes, increased levels of nitrates and ammonium in the water were recorded. Testing of these water points during 2016–2022 showed different behavior of one of the pollutants (NO3–), i.e. either a decrease in nitrate content or an increase in their concentration from year to year. It was established that groundwater contamination occurred as a result of leaks of domestic wastewater from improperly equipped septic tanks near located hotel complexes. Self-purification of groundwater occurs when the source of pollutants is eliminated or pollution becomes stable with their further influx into the aquifer. Concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds of surface waters do not exceed hygienic standards.