bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria: Early Screening for Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Ring David
Published: June 2021

The Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) have developed Appropriate Use Criteria for the Early Screening for Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors. Evidence and clinical expertise were used to develop criteria for addressing mental and social health opportunities to help people recover from musculoskeletal injuries to the extremity, spine, and pelvis. The criteria were developed by identifying observable symptoms and results of screening that suggest mental and social health challenges among patients with lower extremity trauma in clinical practice. The 32 patient scenarios and three interventions (evaluate for psychological distress, evaluate for social health opportunities, and evaluate coping and resilience strategies) were developed by the writing panel of clinicians who are specialists in mental and social health in musculoskeletal illness. Next, a separate, multidisciplinary, voting panel made up of specialists and nonspecialists rated the appropriateness of treatment for each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as “appropriate” (median rating, 7 to 9), “may be appropriate” (median rating, 4 to 6), or “rarely appropriate” (median rating, 1 to 3). Notably, with a high level of agreement, the voting panel determined that interventions to address mental and social health were appropriate in all scenarios as follows: 86% were rated appropriate, 14% were rated possibly appropriate, and none were rated rarely appropriate.
Waste Scavenging a Problem or an Opportunity for Integrated Waste Management in Namibia: A Case of Keetmanshoop Municipality, Namibia
Authors: Nambuli Filippus , Togarepi Cecil , Shikongo Albertina
Published: June 2021

Waste scavenging is an emerging challenge faced by many Municipalities and Local Authorities in Namibia. However, it has been neglected by authorities due to insufficient knowledge about its contribution to resource recovery and recycling. This study investigated how waste scavenging as a problem can be transformed into an opportunity for Integrated Waste Management in Namibia. The main objective of the study was to determine the socio-economic drivers as well as health implications of waste scavenging at Keetmanshoop municipal dumping site, Namibia. Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 45 waste pickers were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. The data collected included waste pickers demographic (age, gender, marital status, and level of education), socio-economic impacts (income and diseases) from waste scavenging. The study revealed that the main drivers of waste scavenging are poverty (71.1%) and unemployment (64.4%). Furthermore, waste scavenging contributes significantly to waste pickers’ livelihood through income generation from the sale of waste materials (93.3%). The majority of the waste pickers (80%), scavenge mainly for metals whereas the least target food. The study concluded that waste scavenging, although neglected, contributes significantly to the livelihoods of waste pickers and waste management in Keetmanshoop. The study recommends that waste scavenging should be regulated and integrated into the formal waste management system of the Municipality through avenues such as the formation of the waste picker’s cooperatives that will be registered with the municipality and recognised through formal structures.
Fundamentación y diseño de las prácticas escolares de ciencias experimentales
Authors: Izquierdo i Aymerich Mercè , Sanmartí Puig Neus , Espinet Blanch Mariona
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to show that the design of school experiments should undergo a complete change so that scientific experimentation should still be a priority in science teaching. We propose a design for a new type of experiment, «initiation practice», based on the concept of «didactic transposition» and on a cognitive model of school science. Through this new type of practice an attempt is made to assist the pupils in the relation between phenomena and scientific theories.
Ideas para la discusión sobre las concepciones de cambio conceptual. Comentarios acerca del artículo "Delimitando el campo de aplicación del cambio conceptual" de N. Marín Martínez
Authors: Oliva Martínez José Mª
Published: June 2021

Ideas para la discusión sobre las concepciones de cambio conceptual. Comentarios acerca del artículo "Delimitando el campo de aplicación del cambio conceptual" de N. Marín Martínez
Una metodología cualitativa para el estudio de las influencias afectivas en el conocimiento de las matemáticas
Authors: Gómez-Chacón Inés María
Published: June 2021

The aim of the investigation that sustains the methodology exposed on this paper is to determine and to describe the dynamic of interaction between the cognitive and affective factors on the mathematics learning in young people with failure at school and in a context of social exclusion.The research has a qualitative orientation because it is a descriptive-interpretative study about the interrelations between cognition and affect. To typify this interrelation a holistic perspective has been adopted. A design has been developed combining specific ethnographic techniques with those of cases studies and reflection about the action. In this paper we explain the methodology aspects. It describes the elaboration and attributes of two instruments specially designed for the study: one to investigate the beliefs and the other to make a diagnose of the emotional reactions.
Estudio bibliométrico de la evolución de la revista Enseñanza de las ciencias a partir de sus fuentes de información
Authors: López Calafi J. A. , Salvador Carreño A. , Guardia Cirugeda Mª de la
Published: June 2021

Science learning research development in Spain can be bibliometrically analyzed using Enseñanza de las Ciencias as indicator, because of the incidence level of this journal in researchers with interest in scientific education. The references which are cited in the articles have been studied in order to analyze the main sources and the most productive authors, using the Bradford model. The evolution of the type of sources and articles which are cited during the period of time studied are considered.
Modelo de competencias para el campo conceptual aditivo de las magnitudes discretas relativas
Authors: Socas Robayna M. M. , Hernández J. , Noda A.
Published: June 2021

In this work we propose a competence model that allows us to organize the additive conceptual field for relative discrete magnitudes from the perspective of problem solving. We start off from Piaget’s concrete operations sub­period where logical and infralogical groupings, arithmetical group Z and measuring are involved. The organizing features of the model will be the epistemological, phenomenological and cognitive elements associated with this field. This organizational proposal constitutes a competence model for the additive conceptual field which integrates those elements and relations given in this field, and which leads to a new classification of different situations and problems associated with it, as well as incorporating and explaining other research, especially that research made in the field of whole numbers by Carpenter and Moser (1983) and others, and the categories put forward by Vergnaud (1982). Furthermore, our proposal facilitates relations with a possible performance model.
Modelos mentales y aprendizaje de física en electricidad y magnetismo
Authors: Greca Ileana M. , Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

A study conducted under the framework of Johnson-Laird’s mental model theory is described. The objective of such a study was an attempt to categorize introductory college physics students according to the type of mental representations -propositions, images, and models- they used when solving problems and conceptual questions in electricity and magnetism. The basic features of each category are presented and several examples are given. At the end implications for research and instruction are discussed.
Genética y formación científica : resultados de un proyecto de investigación y sus implicaciones sobre los programas escolares y la enseñanza
Authors: Wood-Robinson C. , Lewis J. , Leach J. , Driver R.
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the place of genetics in thecontext of scientific literacy and the school science curriculum. It then goes on to report on the work of a three year research project which seeks to document the understanding of genetics, and of modern genetic technologies, and opinions of these technologies among 15-16 years olds in England. Four aspects of the work will be reported on here. These are concerned with understanding the genetics of cells, the universality of genetic information among living things, and gene technology, and with opinions on the advisability of prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis. The implications for the school curriculum and for teaching are then discussed. The authors are grateful to the Wellcome Trust for their support in enabling this research.
La física de la fuerza impresa y sus implicaciones para la enseñanza de la mecánica
Authors: Peduzzi L.O.Q. , Zylbersztajn A.
Published: June 2021

When examining learners’ understanding of questions involving the movement of projectiles one notices, in general, that their common sense is far away from making any reference to aristotelianantiperistasis. Thecauses fora ‘violent’ or forced movement are seen as located in the body itself, following from the projectile-projector interaction. This is essentially the concept of impressed force, introduced by astronomer Hipparcus (second century BC) and adopted by Philoponus (sixth century), among others. The notion of impressed force has an interesting historical development. It may have been a reference for the establishment of the impetus theory by Buridan in the fourteenth century, and was part of the debate that took place from the twelfth century onwards about the possible movement of a projectile in the void. This work explores historically this concept, making use of it in problem situations that are both well familiar to the students and relevant for the development of mechanics. From the point of view of teaching that takes into consideration the learners’ ideas, this theme has great didactic potential for the development of strategies to help the reformulation of their conceptions, turning them more consistent with what is accepted as scientific today.
Procedimientos de resolución de problemas aditivos con números negativos
Authors: Bruno A. , Martinón Antonio
Published: June 2021

This paper presents some procedures for the problem solving, explanation and behaviours of the students in the solution of additive problems with negative numbers. Special attention is paid to the different contexts, structures and positions of the unknown.
Hacia una teoría sobre las ideas científicas de los alumnos: influencia del contexto
Authors: Posada José María de
Published: June 2021

The different constructive psychological theories present some difficulties in order to explain and justify the results obtained by the researches carried out within the field named pupils'conceptions. In this paper we introduce a new psycho-pedagogic al model which agglutinates the main elements of the constructive theories. With that aim, the declarative knowledge is subdivided in several memories: episodic, scholastic semantic and experiential semantic. The procedural knowledge of reasoning in scholastic analysis and experiential analysis methods. We show some examples that are analyzed from our theoretic model. Later, we stress the relationship between pupils’ answers and the context in which those are activated, showing the utility of the model here proposed.
Explicaciones de procesos termodinámicos a partir del modelo corpuscular: una propuesta didáctica
Authors: Cárdenas Marta , Ragout de Lozano Silvia
Published: June 2021

According to the results of an exploratory research on Thermodynamics, it is concluded that the university students tested prefer explanations which account for underlying mechanisms (batigenous explanations) in physical phenomena analysed during the instruction process.Usage of explanations of this type as a promising didactical resource in the teaching of certain thermodynamic changes in gases is suggested, and two particular processes are used as examples.
Cambios químicos y conservación de la masa... ¿Está todo claor?
Authors: Landau L. , Lastres L.
Published: June 2021

In this paper the authors present results obtained along three years in evaluations made to the students entering the first Chemistry course in the Buenos Aires University, referred to the law of conservation of matter and the concept of chemical change. These results, which are similar to those obtained by other investigators in different countries, show the difficulties which still remain after middle school education, that should worry educators and move them to change their way of teaching such concepts, which are essential for a proper chemical knowledge.
La tecnología en las relaciones CTS. Una aproximación al tema
Authors: Acevedo Díaz José Antonio
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to revalue the technology in STS perspective. First, being based on Kline’s typology and Pacey’s conceptual model, several meanings of the technology are described. Second, the technological literary meaning is focused on the citizen training to participate in the democratic process of the sociotechnological decision making. Finally, after a review of the principal results obtained in the students’ and teachers’ beliefs research about the nature of technology and science, and their interactions within society, we tentatively make a STS proposal for the technology education in the compulsory secondary school.
La crítica en la enseñanza de las ciencias: constructivismo y contradicción
Authors: Laburu C. E.
Published: June 2021

In this study we try to justify the importance of considering in science teaching that facet of critical thinking that is based on the idea of comparing the evidence with the prevision. Together with critical thinking, the most general and fundamental condition of coherent thinking must prevail. This viewpoint is justified by employing the popperian epistemological model, the cognitive model by Piaget and the model of conceptual change. We show that for these models, contradiction is an essential epistemological element. We suggest that critical thinking should be the principal object of teachers in the science class.
La enseñanza de la ecología. Un objetivo de la educación ambiental
Authors: Fernández Manzanal R. , Casal Jiménez M.
Published: June 2021

In this article we study the repercussion that studies on ecology may have on environmental education. To do so, we review the student's alternative ideas about concepts and principles of ecology selected for the study of the subject. We stress the idea that outings to the countryside to study a specific ecosystem helps to clarify the interactions between the living things and the environment. Finally, we give the data of a research performed with high school students, supporting the idea that those students who carry out work in the countryside are able to define a larger number of components and relationships. Such training favours the transfer of ecology knowledge, both in the evaluation of an environmental problem and in proposing solutions.
Una nueva fuente de inspiración para la educación científica
Authors: López Rupérez F.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, physics, epistemology and the teaching and learning of physics are presented as a transdisciplinary system. With such an approach, the fundamental principles of contemporary physics considered in a qualitative form —epistemological principles— are postulated as a source of inspiration for Science Education. In this way, a new trend for fundamental educational research is defined.
Ideas previas y cambio conceptual en astronomía. Un estudio con maestros de primaria sobre el día y la noche, las estaciones y las fases de la Luna
Authors: Camino Néstor
Published: June 2021

In this paper we present an experience developed with primary teachers which led to the design of a course, from a constructivistic point of view, on those concepts related to Astronomy included in primary curricula (day and night, seasons, moon phases).With the comparison of pre/post diagnoses (written questions and clinical interviews), we discuss the effectiveness of this conceptual change strategy and make some conclusions, particularly on teacher training.
Redes conceptuales: su aplicación como instrumento didáctico en temas de física
Authors: Galagovsky Lydia R. , Ciliberti N.
Published: June 2021

Concept Nets are the result of the need to acquire an instrument with which to improve the students' cognitive style of learning (Galagovsky 1993a). For the last four years we have been researching about the benefits of its use in different subjects and levels. We now introduce an application in Physics, at High School level, developed during 1991-1992. A new research period 1993-1994 is being pursued.
Mecánica de los diagramas ternarios: aplicación en el diagrama de clasificación de las rocas ígneas de Streckeisen
Authors: Castaño S.
Published: June 2021

This paper develops the mechanics of the use of the ternary diagrams for the quantitative petrologic classifications and their application in one specific case: the Streckeisen's diagram for the igneous rocks.
Historia del concepto de especie en biología
Authors: Barberà O.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the oldest and most frustrating problem in biology, the species problem. It covers the evolution of the species concept over the last 2300 years, and its many ups and downs from Aristotle's biology till today. The author discusses the role that the modern biological species concept plays in evolutionary biology, and emphasizes its significance in biology teaching.
La matemática escolar como lenguaje. Nuevas perspectivas de investigación y enseñanza
Authors: Rojano Teresa
Published: June 2021

In this article we have made a collection of the focuses and trends in the research on school mathematics considered as a language, which has characterized the research in the 80s and the beginning of the 90s —in contrast with the 70s decade, when the construction of concepts was thought of as the central objective of studying. We also deal —as a matter inherent to research— with the topic of the possible didactic implications that such focus can entail.
Más allá del positivismo: una interpretación lakatosiana de la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Níaz M.
Published: June 2021

The history of science shows that positivism was the dominant philosophy from about the end of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. The main objective of this article is to present a critique of positivist ideas and show how the new philosophy of science, as represented by Lakatos, has important implications for science education.
Aproximación a los problemas de aprendizaje de la estructura y formación del suelo en el alumnado de 12 a 17 años
Authors: Yus Ramos R. , Rebollo Bueno M.
Published: June 2021

In a longitudinal study, carried out with 12-17 year old students, to know learning obstacles and their evolution through schooling years, on the scientific concept of soil, we have found important data of learning problems on these topics, showing the established inefficiency of transmission of scientific knowledge to conceptual change. Lastly, we point out some implications for the teaching and significative learning of these concepts.
Concepciones de los estudiantes sobre una magnitud "olvidada" en la enseñanza de la química: la cantidad de sustancia
Authors: Furió-Mas Carles , Azcona Rafael , Guisasola G. , Mujika E.
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this paper is the identification of the students' representations about the idea of substance quantity and to see to what extent the establised Chemistry teaching in Secondary schools contributes to giving them a more atomist view of matter. The results obtained in this work confirm that students, upon completing their studies, have practically not changed their `globalise conception of substance quantity, and only half of those that studied chemistry master the necessary activity to be able to understand the mole concept.
Ideas sobre el concepto biológico de población
Authors: Berzal de Pedrazzini M. , Barberà O.
Published: June 2021

The population concept is one of the foremost in biology, and íts comprehension is essential to grasp the genetical and evolutionary aspects of living beings. Nevertheless, school science hardly takes into account the richness arid complexity of the biological concept of population. We have carried out this study with the intention of finding out students' ideas about the population concept (and other concepts related to it such as the species concept) and putting forward some hypotheses to explain the origins of these ideas.
Dificultades de los estudiantes con el papel específico del campo eléctrico en la Óptica
Authors: Brosseau C.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the difficulties of the understanding of the specific role of the electric field in Optics among students enrolled in undergraduate physics courses. Wiener's experiment along with symmetry arguments provide the basis for an instructional strategy designed to address this specific difficulty.
Los algoritmos para el cálculo de la raíz cuadrada y sus antecedentes en textos escolares antiguos
Authors: Núñez i Espallargas Josep M. , Servat Susagne J.
Published: June 2021

First of all, there is an analysis of the historical and scientifical motivations that lead to the inclusion of the usual square root algorithm in mathematics in elementary education, as well as of the textbook that introduced them for the first time in Spain. Secondly we take into account two alternative algorithms for the calculation of square roots proposed by modern didactical literature of mathematics teaching, and show that, in both cases, it is possible to find precedents of their utilization in old elementary textbooks.
Le conoscenze in Física all'inizio dei corsi universitari in Italia
Authors: Ianniello M. G. , Mayer Marc , Scalzo F.
Published: June 2021

The article reports the results of an investigation on Italian university students concerning physics knowledge related to common sense schemes at the beginning of the university courses. The results of the diagnosis were communicated both to the students and to the teachers of the courses. The communication enabled the teachers, in the didactical practice, to pinpoint and discuss with the students the discrepancies between the scientific newtonian scheme and common sense scheme. A posttest, given at the end of the course, gives the indication that this practice is effective in inducing a clonge in the students ideas, notwithstanding the fact that no complete understanding of the scientific viewpoint is leached by the majority of students.
Un avance decisivo en el conocimiento de los iones: la teoría de Arrhenius de la disociación electrolítica
Authors: Galache I. , Camacho Domínguez E.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to have a better understanding of the development and evolution of the concep of ion, up ro the present moment, since it was introduced by Faraday. We have focused our attention on Svante August Arrhenius, a very relevant scientist in the history of Chemistry, who made the most important progress in the investigation of the nature of ions, being the central figure in this field.
El empleo de modelos en la enseñanza de la Química
Authors: Castro E. A.
Published: June 2021

The importance of using models in the teaching of chemistry is pointed out. The precise place and the significative meaning of models in the integral understanding of the chemical phenomena are analysed. Some classification schemes are given together with illustrative examples of each category.
¿Qué hemos de saber y saber hacer los profesores de ciencias?
Authors: Gil Pérez D.
Published: June 2021

This work was aimed at synthesizing the scientific knowledge and skills required as determined by experience on science teaching research.
Las ideas de los alumnos sobre la ciencia : una interpretación desde la psicología cognitiva
Authors: Pozo J. A. , Sanz A. , Gómez Crespo M. A. , Limón M.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the psychological processes by which students' alternative ideas of scientific concepts arise.
Actitudes hacia la ciencia y asignaturas pendientes : dos factores que afectan al rendimiento en ciencias
Authors: Espinosa García J. , Román Galán T.
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the influence of the attitude towards Science with which some students attain secondary education (BUP) and the role of outstanding subjects in their school record.
Concepciones previas en el aprendizaje significativo del electromagnetismo
Authors: Colombo de Cudmani L. , Fontdevila P. A.
Published: June 2021

Difficulties that are present in the basic conceptualizations of electromagnetism are analized. The logic way, followed in physics instruction, which is not necessarily the most adequate to initiate the study of the subject is emphasized. The psychological importance of the previous concepts is also considered. As a consequence the investigation is faced through inquiries, observations, and data accumulation along the teaching experience on the most frequent preconceptions. The statistical work has been carried out with students of secondary level and university college. As a conclusion subsumers are proposed, which appear as the most adequate to the study of electromagnetism courses content structuration.
Conceptos espontáneos sobre colisiones
Authors: Villani Alberto , Pacca Jesuïna Lopes de Almeida
Published: June 2021

This work shows Physics Graduate students ways of thinking about the phenomenon of collisions and the physical quantities which are conserved in this process. Written questions and interviews about the described problems enabled us to analyse answers with expectations and explanations for the effect of simple and multiple collisions. Spontaneous models which were found, show fundamental aspects also obtained in other researches with high school students, although with different frequencies depending on the level (graduate or secondary) and on the complexity of problems.
¿Cómo flotan los cuerpos que flotan? Concepciones de los estudiantes
Authors: Barral F. M.
Published: June 2021

A research was carried on pupil's ideas, from Primary School to University, on the flotation of cork, wood and ice on water. Different alternative ideas were found, being the commonest the belief in some bodies floating over the water surface, without any submerged volume. Causes of these alternative conceptions are discussed, and some implications for Science teaching -learning suggested.
Variables cognitivas y metacognitivas en la comprensión de textos científicos: el papel de los esquemas y el control de la propia comprensión
Authors: Otero J.
Published: June 2021

This paper tries to apply some models and results of psychological research on comprehension processes to the learning of scientific texts. More specifically, the role of the learner's schemes and control over self -comprehension when processing a scientific text is studied.
Psicología y aprendizaje de las ciencias. El modelo de Gagné
Authors: Gutiérrez R.
Published: June 2021

Gagné's model of learning is critically presented in this paper. Among others, the following aspects are included:• Gagné's concept of learning.• The criteria to establish learning sequencies.• Those aspects of the model more frequently criticised by researchers.40 The follow-up trends of the model.• Gagne's influence on classroom work.
Cuestiones actuales de la didáctica de las ciencias físicas en Francia : observaciones comparativas
Authors: Martinand J.L.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to draw a first inventory of coincidences and differences of theoretical output between science and mathematics education. A comprehensive analysis of the origin and meaning of both coincidences and divergences is made.
Psicología y aprendizaje de las ciencias : el modelo de Auxubel
Authors: Gutiérrez R.
Published: June 2021

In this article a method to identify the most frequently used models in Science Education is presented. It also addresses the issue of the main problems researchers face when dealing with these models. The Ausubelian model of learning is presented with explicit references to each aspect mentioned above.
Errores conceptuales en los modelos atómicos cuánticos
Authors: Solbes Jordi , Calatayud M. L. , Climent J. , Navarro J.
Published: June 2021

We analyze how the basic concepts about atomic models are introduced into the Spanish educational system. We considered the textbooks most currently used in the educational levels from 8th FOB to the 1st University level. We finally discuss the possible sources of misconceptions.
Análisis comportamental de las leyes de newton
Authors: Miguel O.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to present a didactic view of Newton's lows with particular emphasis on the analysis of the most usual sources of error in their understanding.
El "status" socio-académico de las matemáticas : un punto de referencia singular
Authors: Arana Pérez J. , Escudero Escorza Tomás , Garces Campos R. , Palacian Gil E.
Published: June 2021

Results of different surveys among students of basic and secondary education show that mathematics are perceived as a subject -matter with special status, as compared with the rest of disciplines; its importance, academic utility, difficulty and boredom are emphasized. This panorama changes a little according to educational levels, kind of studies, courses and so on, but the differenciated socio -academical status persists.
Contra el mito de la neutralidad de la ciencia : el papel de la Historia
Authors: Catalan Fernàndez Albert , Catany Escandell M.
Published: June 2021

Most of the teachers of Science lack theoretical explicit elements to guide their educational action. So they contribute to transmit the myth of neutrality in the scientific orientation and development, and, in this case, Science can fulfil a ruling and justifying role. Against this proposal, we suggest a conscious assumption of some values in the general context of scientific education and even in the general one of a rational education. We put special emphasis on Science as a basic and necessary reference to individual and social behaviour, but not an exclusive one. We also propose: 1) recovering the utopic sense of Modern Science that took place in its origins, and 2) investigating the environment, its past, present and future as a guide to place the student in a nonalienated from and self-forgetful connexion. And, finally, we declare for reason and against oppresion.
Criterios básicos para la elaboración de un curriculum de Física y Química
Authors: Seminario de Física y Química del ICE Equip
Published: June 2021

The primary aim of this paper is to know the choice of Physics and Chemistry teachers concerning some basic criteria which should be considered when designing a curriculum, and to contrast them with the implications arising from educational research.
Interpretación errónea del concepto de entropía
Authors: Candel Rosell Agustín , Satoca Valero José , Soler Llopis Juan B.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we make a revision of the concepts of molecular order and disorder, meaning that the second principle of Thermodynamics, when it demands the increase of entropy in every natural process which takes place in an isolated system, does not imply necessarily and increase of the purely «spacial» disorder: an isolated system may develop by becoming «spacially» organized, but by becoming «thermically» disorganized (configurational entropy and thermic entropy) in such a way that it verifies the second principle as a whole.
Ideas sobre los gases en alumnos de 10 a 15 años
Authors: Furió-Mas Carles
Published: June 2021

This paper shows some ideas the students have on specific perceptive aspects of gases, such as their materiality or the volume they take, together with the analysis of their answers to their internal structure. The results found are similar to those obtained from other context. It is confirmed that students maintain an urisioielic vision of the substantiality of gases, thcitigh some features of the particulate theory (accepted at present as for their internal structure) equally appear.
¿Conceptos o procesos?
Authors: Salas Cabrera H.
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the characteristics and implications of Science Teaching, centered in the processes —that is, leading to the development of intellectual abilities— or in the concepts and adressed to the acquisition of an ensemble of knowledge.
Utilización del láser en experiencias por difracción : cálculo de la longitud de onda de una radiación luminosa
Authors: Garrigós Oltra Lluís
Published: June 2021

This paper is an attempt to underline the importance of the use of didactic laser systems to carry out qualitative and, aboye all, quantitative experiencies concerning the properties of the luminous waves, at a secondary school level. Such experiences direct the interest of (he student towards a series of concepts which so far have been characterizad by a lack of experimental resources at that level.
The Effects of Covid-19 on Global Tourism
Authors:   Institute of Management, Nirma University Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, India, Harchandani Priya , Shome Samik ,   Associate Professor of Economics Institute of Management, Nirma University Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, India
Published: June 2021

The world is facing an unprecedented situation with Covid-19 posing many socioeconomic challenges to tackle. While projections of UNWTO suggest that international tourist arrivals could decline by 60-80 per cent for 2020, global tourism has once again come under the radar of crises. The aim of this study is to explore and discuss the ramifications of the pandemic on global tourism and its allied industries. For the same, a regional assessment has been carried out on global tourism and three associated industries including airlines, hospitality with special focus on the hotel segment and the MSMEs involved directly in tourism. Region-wise analysis reveals that Asia-Pacific region has been the most affected followed by Europe and America due to the restrictions imposed on travel and tourism sector across nations. The paper also discusses the policy responses taken by economies across the world and provides an overview of the future policy decisions which will be crucial for the sustenance of the global tourism sector. Tourism, a resilient and flexible sector, requires several structural adjustments in order to survive and recover. Even with countries opening up their borders and encouraging tourism, the sector is gripped by the challenge of rebuilding the consumer confidence in order to promote future tourism. Globalization has led to increased susceptibility of tourism to crises and sustainability powered with innovation maybe the way out for the sector.
Three new genera and five new species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Southwestern China
Authors: Chang Yan-Lin , Wang Tao , Shi Fu-Ming
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the brachypterous Meconematini, including three new genera, Acosmetides gen. nov., Neocyrtopsides gen. nov. and Macrocosmetura gen. nov. Five new species are described: Acosmetides peltates gen. et sp. nov., Acosmetides dilobosa gen. et sp. nov., Acosmetides platycerca gen. et sp. nov., Neocyrtopsides bispina gen. et sp. nov. and Macrocosmetura truncata gen. et sp. nov. Two new combinations are proposed: Acosmetides trigentis (Wang, Bian & Shi, 2016) gen. et comb. nov. and Neocyrtopsides platycata (Shi & Zheng, 1994) gen. et comb. nov.
Modélisation de la distribution des petites chouettesde montagne dans les Alpes du Nord françaises
Authors: BILGER Isabelle , PAILLET Yoan , LAGUET Sébastien , DOUTAU Baptiste , BULLIFON Francisque , CHEVALIER Manon , DEFERNEZ Lucie , DUCRUET Sylvain , TOURNIER Hervé , ARCHAUX Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Les petites chouettes de montagne (Chouette de Tengmalm, Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758) et Chevêchette d’Europe, Glaucidium passerinum (Linnaeus, 1758)) sont représentées en France par quelques centaines à quelques milliers de couples. Elles font l’objet d’une attention particulière au regard de leur rareté et en tant qu’espèces emblématiques des écosystèmes forestiers de montagne, qui sont particulièrement affectés par les changements globaux. Améliorer la connaissance de leur distribution, notamment dans les Alpes du Nord, est une nécessité pour préserver les milieux qui constituent leur habitat préférentiel. Issue d’une collaboration entre l’INRAE, l’Office national des Forêts et la Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux, nous présentons une approche par modélisation dans laquelle des données d’occurrence des deux espèces sur la période 2007-2014 ont été reliées à six variables environnementales potentiellement explicatives pour prédire leur répartition. Les résultats montrent que la distribution des deux espèces est principalement liée d’une part à l’altitude, facteur déterminant au plan régional, et d’autre part au type d’occupation du sol, meilleur prédicteur à l’échelle locale, alors que les autres facteurs (topographie, proximité de lisières) sont moins explicatifs. Ces prédictions ont été utiles aux naturalistes de terrain, qui ont pu utiliser ces données pour mieux structurer leurs campagnes d’observations. Il serait désormais intéressant d’étendre la démarche à d’autres zones biogéographiques et d’intégrer à la modélisation des données permettant d’évaluer les effets de la gestion forestière sur ces espèces.
Sailing Yacht Capsizing
Authors: Stephens Olin J. , Kirkman Karl L. , Peterson Robert S.
Published: June 2021

The 1979 Fastnet focused attention upon yacht capsizes and resulting damage and loss of life.

A classical stability analysis does not clearly reveal some of the characteristics of the modern racing yacht which may exacerbate a capsizing tendency. A review of the mechanism of a single-wave-impact capsize reveals inadequacies in static methods of stability analysis and hints at a connection between recent design trends and an increased frequency of capsize.

The paper traces recent design trends, relates these to capsizing by a description of the dynamic mechanism of breaking wave impact, and outlines the unusual oceanography of the 1979 Fastnet which led to a heightened incidence of capsize.
The Development of the 12 Meter Class Yacht "Australia II"
Authors: van Oossanen Peter
Published: June 2021

In this paper the development of the 12 Metre Class Yacht "Australia II" is described as it took place at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, The Netherlands, under the direction of Ben Lexcen, An account is given of the adopted design process and the technology involved. Particular attention is given to the adopted towing tank procedures and calculation techniques for predicting performance, A description is also given of the computer monitoring system used to evaluate "Australia II's" performance while sail-tuning and racing in Australia and Newport in 1982 and 1983.
Performance Prediction Program for Wind-Assisted Cargo Ships
Authors: Reche-Vilanova Martina , Hansen Heikki , Bingham Harry B.
Published: June 2021

Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS) can play a key role in achieving the IMO 2050 targets on reducing the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50%. The present project deals with the development of a six degree of freedom (DoF) Performance Prediction Program (PPP) for wind-assisted cargo ships aimed at contributing knowledge on WAPS performance. It is a fast and easy tool, able to predict the performance of any commercial ship with three possible different WAPS installed: rotor sails, rigid wing sails and DynaRigs; with only the ship main particulars and general dimensions as input data. The tool is based on semi-empirical methods and a WAPS aerodynamic database created from published data on lift and drag coefficients, which can be interpolated with the aim to scale to different sizes and configurations. A model validation is carried out to evaluate its reliability. The results are compared with the real sailing data of a Long Range 2 (LR2) class wind-assisted tanker vessel, the Maersk Pelican. The study indicates that the PPP shows good agreement with the technology suppliers’ own modelling tool and reasonable agreement with the trends of the real sailing measurements. However, for downwind sailing conditions, the predictions are more conservative than the measured values. Lastly, results showing and comparing power savings for the three different WAPS are presented. Rotor Sails are found to be the most efficient WAPS studied with a much higher potential of driving force generation per square meter of projected sail area.
La construction territoriale d’un problème public en contexte multiniveaux. Le cas du Grand Paris
Authors: Chauvel1 Jeanne
Published: June 2021

Cet article interroge la construction territoriale d’un problème public, à partir du cas du Grand Paris. Il analyse la façon dont un problème de gouvernance métropolitaine, c’est-à-dire de la coopération entre acteurs publics, émerge de façonbottom-uppar les élus locaux, avant d’être redéfini par l’État central dans une perspectivetop-down. Le cas du Grand Paris révèle la prégnance du clivage centre-périphérie avec la difficulté de l’État central à décentraliser des compétences d’aménagement de sa région capitale, et la centralité de la variable institutionnelle dans la construction du problème public.
Les territoires des revendications linguistiques. Une comparaison Bretagne/Lusace
Authors: Toutous1 Jeanne
Published: June 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux conditions de production d’un récit territorial régional unifié dans deux régions marquées par des mouvements de revitalisation linguistique (Grenoble et Whaley, 2006). La Bretagne abrite deux communautés linguistiques– bretonne et gallèse – porteuses de revendications de statut (Gusfield, 1986). La Lusace est un territoire revendiqué par les locuteurs des langues basse-sorabe et haute-sorabe. Les deux territoires régionaux revendiqués par les militants linguistiques diffèrent des territoires de l’action publique. Nous montrons que malgré des tentatives militantes de produire un récit territorial unifié de la région revendiquée, des rapports de concurrence et de domination entre les groupes linguistiques viennent morceler cette entreprise. En partant du postulat que l’action collective linguistique construit l’image sociale du territoire (Avanza et Laferté, 2005) tout autant que l’image sociale du territoire la construit en retour, nous nous intéressons aux usages militants des multiples récits régionaux et aux enjeux politiques qu’ils drainent.
AI Bias in Healthcare: Using ImpactPro as a Case Study for Healthcare Practitioners’ Duties to Engage in Anti-Bias Measures
Authors: Sargent Samantha Lynne
Published: June 2021

The introduction of ImpactPro to identify patients with complex health needs suggests that current bias and impacts of bias in healthcare AIs stem from historically biased practices leading to biased datasets, a lack of oversight, as well as bias in practitioners who are overseeing AIs. In order to improve these outcomes, healthcare practitioners need to engage in current best practices for anti-bias training.
IMPACT OF EXPORTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
Authors: Gojković Biljana , Krajišnik Milenko , Josipović Sonja , Popović Sanja
Published: June 2021

The importance of foreign trade and its impact on the economic growth have been the subject of numerous studies. There is no doubt that exports have a multiplier effect on the growth of gross domestic product, but economists are constantly interested in what the foreign trade multiplier is and why it is not higher. This paper deals with the analysis of foreign trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its geographical and production structure and concentration, as well as the causes of high and continuous deficits. The analysis indicates potential opportunities to improve the poor production structure of foreign trade and ways in which foreign trade, and especially exports, could increase in order to improve the foreign trade balance. The analysis is especially focused on determining the foreign trade multiplier, and the results show the great importance of exports for economic growth. It also aims to emphasise how to improve export potential of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future.
Conceptualizing Robotic Agency. Social Robots in Elder Care in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Aronsson Anne , Holm Fynn
Published: June 2021

Japan is a hyper-aging society, and its government is encouraging robotic solutions to address elder care labor shortage. Therefore, authorities have adopted an agenda of introducing social robots. However, increasing numbers of people in Japan are becoming emotionally attached to anthropomorphic machines, and their introduction into elder care may thus be perceived as contentious. By exploring human engagement with social robots in the care context, this paper argues that rapid technological advances in the twenty-first century will see robots achieve some level of agency, contributing to human society by carving out unique roles for themselves and by bonding with humans. Nevertheless, the questions remain of whether there should be a difference between humans attributing agency to a being and those beings having the inherent ability to produce agency and how we might understand that difference if unable to access the minds of other humans, let alone nonhumans, some of which are not even alive in the classical sense. Using the example of an interaction between an elderly woman and a social robot, we engage with these questions; discuss linguistic, attributed, and inherent agencies; and suggest that a processual type of agency might be most appropriate for understanding human-robot interaction.
Exploring the differential stages of the pigment metabolism by pre-harvest bagging and post-harvest ethylene de-greening of Eureka lemon peel
Authors: Chen Anjun , Liu Lu , Liu Xiaoping , Fu Yunyun , Li Jie , Zhao Jianglin , Hou Xiaoyan
Published: June 2021

Pre-harvest bagging or post-harvest ethylene treatments on lemons are commonly applied to change the surface color from green to favorable yellow. In this study, the differential mechanisms of the pigment metabolism by the two treatments were investigated by pigments contents and related genetic expression. The results showed that both treatments reduced the number of chloroplasts and the content of chlorophyll. The differential expression of PSY1 and PSY2 were observed, causing the different accumulation of the main carotenoid phytoene content. The differential expression of NYC resulted in altered contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and further led to the difference in a* value. More interestingly, the degradation of chlorophyll uncovered the color of carotenoids, leading to the color changed from green to yellow.