bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos sobre a tecnologia em Herbert Marcuse
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Tatiani
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Este trabalho destaca, de maneira breve, alguns aspectos considerados primordiais para o entendimento da tecnologia no pensamento de Herbert Marcuse. O estudo problematiza as ambiguidades acerca dos termos técnica e tecnologia. Sublinha os pressupostos que propiciaram a transformação da racionalidade burguesa em racionalidade tecnológica. Elenca as características intrínsecas ao aparato técnico, as implicações do processo de mecanização do trabalho e também aponta as tendências da tecnologia no contexto da sociedade unidimensional. Contudo, a pesquisa assume sua relevância ao levantar os apontamentos dentro da teoria marcuseana que atestam para uma racionalidade tipicamente tecnológica.
Palavras-chave: Marcuse; Filosofia da Tecnologia; Racionalidade; Aparato; Automação.
Notes on technology in Herbert Marcuse
Abstract: This paper briefly highlights some aspects considered primordial for the understanding of technology in the thinking of Herbert Marcuse. The study problematizes the ambiguities about the terms technic and technology; it underlines the presuppositions that allowed the transformation of bourgeois rationality into technological rationality; it covers the intrinsic characteristics of the technical apparatus, the implications of the process of mechanization of work and also points the technology’s tendencies out in the context of an one-dimensional society. However, the research assumes its relevance by raising the notes within the marcusean theory that attest to a typically technological rationality.
Keywords: Marcuse; Philosophy of Technology; Rationality; Apparatus; Automation.

Data de registro: 10/05/2017
Data de aceite: 05/07/2017
Resenha Quadros de Guerra: quando a vida é passível de luto? De Judith Butler
Authors: Costa Willian
Published: November 2024

Judith Butler, filósofa estadunidense, é professora de retórica e literatura comparada na Berkeley University onde investiga, principalmente, as questões do feminino, da teoria queer, da vida e da desigualdade nos campos da Política e da Ética. Embora sua produção acadêmica já apareça com relevância nos anos de 1987, com a publicação de Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflextions in Twentieth-Century France, é apenas a partir de 2004 que suas obras começaram a ser amplamente debatidas no campo das Ciências Humanas e na Filosofia. Na carreira filosófica, Butler se graduou e se especializou na Yale University com estudos sobre as obras de Kant, Buber, Levinas e, principalmente, em Hegel. De certo modo, é possível perceber a influência destes pensadores na obra ao qual nos propomos a investigar aqui, a saber: Quadros de Guerra: Quando a vida é passível de luto?.
A obra, publicada em 2015 pela Editora Civilização Brasileira, retoma o pensamento da filósofa acerca das vidas passíveis da eliminação e do extermínio, denominadas pela autora na obra Precarious Life (2004) de “vidas precárias”. Quadros de Guerra é uma composição de cinco ensaios escritos entre 2004 e 2008 aonde pretende mostrar como a vida, em seu sentido estrito, pode ser “enquadrada” como molduras de quadros e, sobre ela, tecidos diversos apontamentos pelas imagens ou pelas escritas capturadas.
Data de registro: 05/07/2017
Data de aceite: 05/07/2017
Para compreender o papel da Fortuna no destino do império em Amiano Marcelino
Authors: Benedetti Pedro
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar o papel da deusa Fortuna e suas atribuições no curso dos acontecimentos narrados na obra de Amiano Marcelino. Primeiramente situaremos o autor num contexto de produção literária do tipo historiográfico na Antiguidade Tardia. Depois buscaremos determinar em que medida historiadores clássicos influenciaram sua escrita, sua narrativa e seu pensamento histórico. Tendo feito isso, analisaremos as mudanças das características e dos domínios da Fortuna até a Antiguidade Tardia e, por fim, ao conjugarmos esses elementos, buscaremos compreender como essa divindade surge em sua obra como força motriz que influenciou em certos acontecimentos marcantes para o Império Romano tardio.
Palavras-chave: Amiano Marcelino; História Antiga; Historiografia Tardoantiga; Antiguidade Tardia; Fortuna.
To understand the role of Fortune in the destiny of the empire in Amiano Marcelino
Abstract: This article aims to elucidate the role of the goddess Fortuna and her attributes in the course of the events described by Ammianus Marcellinus. First, we will situate the author’s place on a context of historiographical production in Late Antiquity. Secondly, we will try to determine to what extent classical historians influenced his writing, his narrative and his historical thought. Afterwards, we will analyze the transformation of the qualities and domains of Fortune up to the Late Antiquity and, lastly, by coordinating such elements, we will attempt to comprehend how this deity emerges in Ammianus’ work as a motive power that influenced in some of the most remarkable events of the Late Roman Empire.
Keywords: Ammianus Marcellinus; Ancient History; Late Antique Historiography; Late Antiquity; Fortune.
Data de registro: 15/02/2017
Data de aceite: 07/07/2017
Simulasi Numerik Model Vaksinasi Transmisi Virus Influenza dengan Incidence Rate
Authors: Irma Suryani
Published: November 2024

Model Vaksinasi Transmisi Virus Influenza dengan Incidence Rate ini merupakan model vaksinasi [1] yang ditambahkan asumsi laju tingkat jenuh (Incidence Rate)  . Analisis terhadap eksistensi solusi periodik menunjukkan bahwa tidak memuat orbit periodik pada himpunan positif kelas yang divaksin. Simulasi diberikan dengan nilai parameter yang berbeda terhadap nilai laju individu yang divaksin terinfeksi dan laju kontak yang berbeda. Kemudian simulasi dan potret phase yang diperoleh diinterpretasikan dan dibandingkan dengan model sebelumnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya laju tingkat jenuh (Incidence Rate), kejadian individu terinfeksi baru sedikit daripada model sebelumnya.
Los deberes de autoprotección en las ciberestafas
Authors: González Uriel Daniel
Published: November 2024

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre la figura de los deberes de autoprotección y, en concreto, sobre su aplicabilidad –o no– en los casos de ciberestafas. Para ello, se realiza una exposición sobre las principales características del ciberespacio como nuevo entorno criminógeno y de oportunidad criminal. En este sentido, las cifras oficiales muestran el incremento anual en el número de ciberdelitos. Entre estos cibercrímenes ocupa un lugar principal la ciberestafa, por lo que llevamos a cabo un análisis del tipo delictivo de estafa. A su vez, se aborda la evolución experimentada por la estafa informática, que ha culminado, mediante la LO 14/2022, de 22 de diciembre, en su autonomía con relación a la estafa tradicional. A continuación, se analiza la figura de los deberes de autoprotección de la víctima y se estudia su impacto, tanto en relación con las estafas tradicionales como a propósito de las ciberestafas. Finalmente, se aboga por una interpretación restrictiva de los citados deberes de autoprotección.
Consideraciones críticas sobre el catálogo de delitos por los que pueden responder “penalmente” las personas jurídicas
Authors: Menéndez Conca Lucas G.
Published: November 2024

Desde el año 2010 se puede atribuir responsabilidad “penal” a las personas jurídicas por los delitos que han cometido sus integrantes si se cumplen ciertos requisitos. En el Código Penal el catálogo de delitos por los que pueden responder “penalmente” las personas jurídicas se ha ido ampliando durante estos años. No obstante, continúa siendo muy criticable que estas entidades no puedan ser condenadas por la comisión de ciertas infracciones penales, en particular por los delitos contra los derechos de los trabajadores.
“Ingeniería jurídica” al descubierto: análisis del delito de nombramiento ilegal. Artículo del código penal español
Authors: Cruz Palmera Roberto
Published: November 2024

La nueva realidad criminológica que amenaza y lesiona al bien jurídico en el delito de nombramiento ilegal justifica valorar la eficiencia de la norma que sanciona los nombramientos ilegales en España. Por ello, se efectuará un análisis del delito de nombramiento ilegal. A continuación, se procederá a una reevaluación del bien jurídico protegido, con el fin de abordar una reflexión crítica sobre ciertos comportamientos corruptos que, al no estar adecuadamente resguardados por el ordenamiento jurídico, requieren una protección más efectiva en el contexto de la sociedad española. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones.
Enfoques regulatorios internacionales de las criptomonedas en función del grado de intervención punitiva
Authors: Francisco Agra Samar Violeta , Olmedo Cardenete Miguel Domingo
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo consiste en un estudio de Derecho comparado que registra y analiza distintos extremos regulatorios sobre criptomonedas adoptados a nivel internacional. Se centra especialmente en las cuestiones penales abordadas en tales normativas, con el objetivo de evaluar cómo la actuación jurídico-penal en este ámbito está profundamente influenciada por los intereses socio-económicos, los cuales pueden variar incluso dentro de un mismo Estado. Esta variabilidad, junto a otros factores, refuerza una de las características más problemáticas de los activos virtuales: su regulación fragmentada y heterogénea. A partir de los resultados de la investigación, se propone una serie de niveles de intervención punitiva, lo que tiene considerables implicaciones en la política criminal que se adopta en materia cripto.
Revisitando la sociología de prisiones de Sykes y Jacobs. ¿Hacia una teoría de la exportación?
Authors: Berdún Carrión Salvador
Published: November 2024

La crisis de violencia vivida en Ecuador plantea la cuestión de las razones que provocan el fracaso de un sistema penitenciario y su conversión en plataforma exportadora de actividades criminales. Cuestiones como la calidad de la gobernanza de los sistemas penitenciarios o las características de la población carcelaria son determinantes a la hora de explicar las razones por las que los sistemas penitenciarios colapsan y dejan de garantizar el cumplimiento de la función que tienen encomendada, que no es otra que la custodia y la reinserción. Al mismo tiempo, denota la necesidad de revisitar las teorías que explican el modo en el que se configuran las relaciones de poder entre la institución penitenciaria y las personas sometidas a su custodia, y las que se establecen a su vez entre los sujetos custodiados y la sociedad. Esta revisión teórica plantea la cuestión de si cabe hablar de una teoría de la exportación.
Managing Peer-Feedback Resistance In Pre-Service Language Testing And Evaluation Course
Authors: Baydar Müberrem Berna , Hatipoğlu Çiler
Published: November 2024

This study is situated within the English language testing and evaluation course, integral to the English language teaching curriculum, wherein senior-year preservice teachers are involved in designing language exams as a part of their evaluation criteria. They actively engage in reciprocal peer feedback sessions aimed at identifying weaknesses and problems in the exams to enhance the quality, validity, and reliability of test items, thereby cultivating an environment favorable to enhanced learning and the effective incorporation of feedback. Employing a micro-analytic approach, conversation analysis, to closely examine the interactions of preservice teachers, the study has revealed that peer groups follow a set of principles on language testing and assessment as they critically engage in delivering feedback to one another. However, recognized for its inherently problematic nature due to the emotional investment involved in feedback exchanges, interlocutors may experience high levels of anxiety and defensiveness while their work undergoes a detailed review (Pekrun et al., 2002, 2011). Accordingly, the study's main findings discovered the emergence of resistance and misalignment among peers during the feedback exchanges, leading to sequence expansion, including evaluation, justification, and recommendation until a joint consensus is achieved. Despite extensive research on resistance encounters in medical interviews, couples counseling, post-feedback sessions, and service encounters, the field remains notably deficient in studies examining peer feedback interactions in the higher education context among preservice language teachers. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of peer feedback interactions among preservice teachers, shedding light on how resistance to feedback unfolds among peers and is managed through the emergent phenomenon, reference to testing principles.
EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS’ SENSORY ATTRIBUTES ON THEIR WILLINGNESS TO PAY AND THE OPTIMUM PRICE FOR ICED COFFEE DRINKS
Authors: Safira Aretha , Masruroh Nur Aini , Wijayanto Titis
Published: November 2024

The growing competition among coffee shops demands effective strategies, including the development of optimal pricing. An optimal pricing strategy must account for both changes in coffee ingredients and consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). This study investigated the factors influencing consumers' WTP and determined optimal prices through sensory evaluations of iced coffee. This study explored how demographic factors and sensory characteristics affect consumer WTP. This study involved direct consumer tastings, where participants provided subjective ratings of iced coffee and indicated their WTP. The coffee samples included variations in milk (white and black coffee) and sugar content (granulated sugar, palm sugar, and no sugar). To measure WTP, the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism was employed, while a demand function was used to determine the optimal price. Stepwise backward logistic regression further analyzed the factors affecting WTP. The factors influencing willingness to pay were further analyzed using stepwise backward logistic regression. The findings reveal that optimal pricing varies, with iced coffee that includes both granulated sugar and milk commanding the highest WTP. Consumer WTP is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, frequency of coffee consumption, and individual taste preferences. There was a marked difference in WTP based on the amount of milk and sugar added, with coffee variations containing both granulated sugar and milk achieving the highest WTP. These results can serve as a valuable reference for coffee shops, helping them to determine the ideal product composition and pricing strategies to maximize revenue.
Možnosti podpory rozvoje socio-emočního učení v základních a středních školách s využitím metodik Respekt, Rozmanitost, Rovnost & Resilience
Authors: Felcmanová Lenka
Published: November 2024

Článek se zabývá přínosy a praktickými možnostmi podpory socio-emočního učení žáků základních a středních škol. Věnuje se dopadům systematické podpory socio-emočního učení na duševní zdraví i akademické výsledky žáků a možnostem, jak ji začlenit do revidovaného Rámcového vzdělávacího programu pro základní vzdělávání. Představuje také komplexní metodiky socio-emočního učení Respekt, Rozmanitost, Rovnost & Resilience.
Figurace – jaké možnosti a problémy jsou s tímto sociologickým konceptem spojeny
Authors: Šubrt Jiří
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the concept of figuration, which was an innovation of Norbert Elias, from the standpoint of sociological theory. Among today’s followers of this approach to sociology, considerable emphasis is placed on the explanatory potential of this concept, reflected, among other things, in Elias’s processual approach to the investigation and explanation of social reality being referred to as “sociology of figurations” (Figurationsoziologie). The author of this contribution considers the content of the concept in a systematic way to present its strengths and weaknesses. This is done by confronting figuration with the dilemmas and antinomies that sociological thinking traditionally encounters, assessing it from the perspective of: a) positivism and antipositivism, b) statics and dynamics, c) individualism and holism, d) consensus and conflict, e) micro and macro perspectives, f) the relationship between spirit and matter, g) social masses and great historical personalities. The contribution concludes by stating the necessity to additionally think about discussions and aspects of the concept of figuration that its creator did not catch or clarify sufficiently.
Paměti a vzpomínky jako neopomenutelný historický pramen? Emil Kellner a jeho „železničářské“ vzpomínky
Authors: Fabianková Klára , Jakubec Ivan
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on a hitherto untapped source of a subjective nature, which is on the borderline between private and institutionally requested provenance. Two manuscript memoirs of Emil Kellner, a long-time railway employee, can be found in the State Regional Archive in Prague within the fund of České dráhy, a. s., Prague [Czech Railways, JSC]. They were written in 1954 and 1955 at the instigation of the Railway Archive and the Ministry of Railways. They cover the period from the last third of the 19th century with gaps until 1941. The memoirs provide some interesting facts that were not previously known or, on the contrary, confirm some things already known. The memoirs give an insight into the (everyday), routine life on the railway. The characteristics of the employees and their fates, not excluding the social dimension, are extremely interesting. The memoirs also provide details of dealings with superiors (requests, personal presentations, interventions, patronage, visits to railway management in Vienna or Prague) and transcribed documents (correspondence) depicting railway administration during the monarchy.
K socialismu s humorem: Analýza satirických obrázků Rudého práva a Svobodného slova ve volebním klání roku 1946
Authors: Pešek Pavel
Published: November 2024

The study presents an analysis of satirical images published during the election campaign in May 1946. Both the National Socialists and the Communists addressed their readers in their party newspapers with humorous images that not only illustrated the main ideas of the political subjects, but also became an important part of the electoral contest. The images mocked current events and political actors in an ironic way and engaged readers directly in the campaign. The party newspapers were not restrained about attacking their opponents and associating them with the tragic events of the Second World War. The objective of the study was to subject the images to a discursive and comparative analysis and to ascertain whether there were similarities in the published drawings during the election campaign that could assist in comprehending the manner in which political communication was conducted at the time.
Josephine Quinne: How the World Made the West: A 4000-Year History
Authors: Árnason Jóhann Páll
Published: November 2024

Book review on Josephine Quinne: How the World Made the West: A 4000-Year History
Tom Holland: Panství kříže: jak se formovala duše Západu
Authors: Bebiak Pavol
Published: November 2024

Book review on Tom Holland: Panství kříže: jak se formovala duše Západu. Praha: Dokořán 2022, 528 str.
Společnosti v historické a srovnávací perspektivě
Authors: Hönig Petr
Published: November 2024

Conference report
Afrikáért – alapítvánnyal, szívvel, lélekkel gondolatok France Mutombo könyvéről
Authors: Tarrósy István
Published: November 2024

Tarrósy István a következő művet mutatta be:
Mutombo, France (2023): Kavicsok és gyémántok. Első 21 évem Kongóban. Budapest: Afrikáért Alapítvány
Relatório do projeto de pesquisa: "Avendano Júnior - a tradição do choro em Pelotas"
Authors: Silveira Ana Paula Lima
Published: November 2024

O projeto de pesquisa "Avendano Júnior: A Tradição do Choro em Pelotas" é desenvolvido sob a coordenação do Prof. Ms. Raul Costa d'Avila, do Conservatório de Música da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, que percebendo a dimensão interdisciplinar do mesmo, decide realizá-lo em parceria com o Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Antropologia e Arqueologia (LEPAARQ -UFPel). Trata-se de um projeto que envolve três áreas de conhecimento, Música, Antropologia e História, tendo como foco de análise central a figura do compositor e cavaquinista Joaquim Assumpção Avendano Júnior, bem como o Grupo Musical que o acompanha, o Regional.
Arqueologia e identidades: a torre de marfim na encruzilhada
Authors: Oosterbeek Luiz
Published: November 2024

A arqueologia cresceu, desde o século XIX, no equívoco epistemológico de se assumir ora como corpo de técnicas, ora como forma especifica de fazer história, mas sempre como um corpo cuja dignidade disciplinar se foi, com algumas excepções, procurando na construção de “segredos da profissão”. No início do século XXI, essa torre de marfim, há muito feita ruína, vai ganhando consciência de que não tem futuro, ou de que o seu futuro exige uma abertura social, o assumir do seu carácter supra-disciplinar, e o contributo que, nessa dimensão, diferentes sectores da sociedade devem dar para a construção do saber arqueológico. Em face deuma lógica de “resistência” (o patrimonialista é o que resiste á vaga de destruição da memória), propõe-se uma abordagem holística e “agressiva”, que assume o arqueólogo como técnico ao serviço da sociedade. Mas, como tudo na vida, há um preço a pagar, e sobre ele se tentará conversar um pouco.
Arqueologia e turismo na Amazônia: problemas e perspectivas
Authors: Pereira Edithe , Figueiredo Silvio
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta os problemas decorrentes da prática do turismo sem controle que vem acontecendo em sítios arqueológicos na Amazônia. Apresenta-se a situação atual de alguns sítios localizados em três regiões distintas no Pará e propõem-se recomendações básicas para uso turístico de sítios arqueológicos.
Patrimônio: simbiose homem-meio ambiente
Authors: Bessegatto Maurí
Published: November 2024

Aspiramos levantar alguns parâmetros reflexivos referentes aproficuidade da temática da Educação Patrimonial na contemporaneidade.Como agentes irradiadores da Educação Patrimonial, objetivamos despertar o interesse nas comunidades, com a novidade do tema, problematizando-o, para que possam construir o conhecimento, desenvolvendo o objetivo básico que é de torná-los sujeitos históricos, desenvolvendo a cidadania.
Fundamental natural frequency and floor impact sound insulation performance of CLT slabs based on wood species and panel connections: An experimental study
Authors: Pang Sung-Jun , Lee Hyo-Jin , Ha Yeon-Su , Kim Chul-Ki , Cho Ho-Jeong , Lee Sang-Joon
Published: November 2024

The effects of wood species and panel connections on the vibration and heavy-weight impact sound insulation performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs were investigated. CLT panels (5-ply, 150 mm thick, 1 m wide, and 4.2 m long) made of larch (Larix kaempferi) and pine (Pinus densiflora) were manufactured with 30 mm thick laminae, considering three types of joints. Three CLT panels of the same species and joint type were connected using spline joints, butt joints, or half-lap joints to form 3 m wide and 4.2 m long slabs for testing. The floor impact sound insulation performance of the CLT slabs was measured according to KS F ISO 10140-3, using the standard heavy-weight impact source, a rubber ball. Additionally, four accelerometers were installed at 400 mm intervals beneath the CLT slabs to analyze the deflections and natural frequencies of the slabs. The results of the experiment indicated that there were no significant differences depending on the wood species and the CLT panel joints. These findings suggest that wood species and joint methods can be flexibly applied in the design of CLT slabs.
Litigation Against F. T. Stellovsky in the Correspondence of F. M. Dostoevsky and V. I. Gubin 1871–1874
Authors: Zavarkina Marina
Published: November 2024

F. M. Dostoevsky’s epistolary legacy includes more than 2000 letters from the writer and his correspondents. One of Dostoevsky’s correspondents in 1871‒1874 was V. I. Gubin, a lawyer, Dostoevsky’s attorney in the case against the publisher F. T. Stellovsky. He also advised the writer at the initial stage of the Kumanin inheritance case. One letter from Dostoevsky to Gubin and 15 letters from Gubin to Dostoevsky are known. V. I. Gubin’s letters allow us to complete the image of Stellovsky, a notorious speculator in the publishing business and reveal how the writer’s trial against his publisher proceeded. At the end of 1870 Stellovsky released Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” as the fourth volume of the writer’s Complete Works. For this publication, according to the agreement dated July 1, 1865, Stellovsky was obliged to pay the writer 870 rubles, but he cheated Dostoevsky. Having lost all hope of solving the case peacefully, Dostoevsky launched court proceedings against Stellovsky. First, his stepson P. A. Isaev became the writer’s attorney, and then the role was assumed by Ap. Maikov, who hired lawyer V. I. Gubin at Dostoevsky’s request. The proceedings against Stellovsky, which began in 1871, dragged on for almost 5 years. Judging by Gubin’s letters, who Dostoevsky said “ruined everything,” both the slowness of the bailiffs, to whom the attorney was forced to pay bribes, and the inability to determine the identity of the publisher’s guardians for a long time hindered the process. Gubin also suspected collusion between official authorities and the relatives or guardians of Stellovsky, who since 1872 could no longer take part in the trial himself, as he was being treated in a psychiatric hospital. One of Stellovsky’s guardians, N. M. Sokovnin, settled with Dostoevsky only in 1876. The appendix to the article contains letters from Dostoevsky and Gubin, each letter is accompanied by a textual reference and a commentary.
Art Criticism in Dostoevsky’s “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”) 1873
Authors: Buchneva Daria
Published: November 2024

Dostoevsky’s interest in art is undeniable. Painting, music, and theater were reflected in his works of art. Dostoevsky’s wife, Anna Grigorievna, regularly mentioned in her memoirs the couple’s visits to museums and galleries during their stay in Europe. Certain works of art had a strong impact on the writer. Such an effect was produced on Dostoevsky by Hans Holbein the Younger’s painting “The Dead Christ.” In “Grazhdanin” of 1873, when the writer served as the editor of the publication, notes and articles appeared devoted to reviews of exhibitions, paintings, and photographs from the Hermitage collection. The authors published in “Grazhdanin” — A. N. Maikov, V. P. Meshchersky, and I. Yu. Nekrasov — addressed painting in their publications. Dostoevsky devoted the ninth chapter of “The Writer’s Diary” to the St. Petersburg exhibition, prepared for display in Vienna. He was interested in issues related to the misunderstanding of Russian art by other cultures. Art criticism in the weekly “Grazhdanin” took various forms. The authors of “Grazhdanin” published both general reviews and topical articles. Expressing paintings and photo reproductions through words is a difficult task even for experienced art critics with specialized art history training. A. N. Maikov acted as a scrupulous reviewer, noticing small but vital details in understanding a painting. The critic turned to the historical context to expand the image. In their examination of the latest events in Moscow and St. Petersburg, I. Yu. Nekrasov and V. P. Meshchersky respectively focused on art news. In Dostoevsky’s verbal description, paintings came to life and became dynamic. Writers were often unconcerned with the image details; they sought to convey strong and vivid artistic impressions in words.
Dostoevsky as a Сitizen: Idea, Concept, Conception
Authors: Zakharova Olga
Published: November 2024

The concept of “citizen” in Russian has a long history. The dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th — 17th centuries notes the first use of the word in the 11th century: citizens were called townspeople, members of the city community. At the same time, the metaphorical meaning of the word was noted, when the righteous and saints were called “heavenly citizens.” In the 18th century, the word “citizen” acquired a wide range of meanings, including eminent and honorable citizens, merchants, bourgeois, artisans and other city dwellers. By the 1830s, a citizen was perceived as a patriot and defender of the fatherland. In the theological tradition, the concepts of “citizen” and “Christian” emerged as identical. These were the meanings of the word in Russian society. The title became the key to the direction and agenda of V. Meshchersky’s weekly “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”). Dostoevsky shared the mission of the publication. The idea of being a citizen was at the root of Dostoevsky’s work. It explained his ideological position during his testimony in the Petrashevites’ case, in his political poems of 1854–1856, in his journalistic works of 1860–1865, 1873–1874, in “The Writer’s Diary” of 1876–1881. The concept of a citizen is based on his recognition of the unity of creativity and journalism. Dostoevsky is characterized by a Christian, not class-based, understanding of citizenship, an understanding of the citizen as a Christian, which was expressed in the ideas of Russian statehood. Citizen Kuz’ma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who overcame the Time of Troubles, Empress Catherine the Great, who gave instructions, writers and poets Gavriil Derzhavin, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolay Gogol, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolay Nekrasov expressed the conciliar ideal of the people — the state, political, patriotic, Christian ideas of Russia. The ideal and ideas are expressed in the concept of fellow citizens. This is a special type of community: not people, but citizens, not citizens, but fellow citizens. They were not only just townspeople (urban dwellers), but also peasants, merchants, nobles, priesthood — in a word, representatives of all of Russia’s social classes. Their ideas determined the content of “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”).
Allelic variation at the PPD-A1 locus and its associations with heading time and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agronomic traits in the northern Black Sea region
Authors: Fait V. I. , Pogrebniuk O. O. , Fedorova V. R. , Balashova I. A. , Balvinska M. S.
Published: November 2024

Aim. The identification of Ppd-1-alleles in winter bread wheat varieties of various origin, including the ones of Ukrainian plant breeding and recombinant-inbred lines Orenburgskaya 48//Cappelle Desprez/2В Chinese Spring, and the evaluation of the effects of allele Ppd-А1_del303, including the interaction with different alleles of gene Ppd-B1, by the duration of the period before heading and the related agronomically valuable traits. Methods. DNA extraction, allele-specific PCR, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, phenological observations, evaluation of frost resistance in seedlings, and analysis of morphobiological traits and elements of yield structure. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out in Microsoft Excel. The significance of the difference between samples was assessed by Fisher's F test. A difference of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all indicators. Results. The marking of 30 varieties of different origin and 64 recombinant-inbred lines of Orenburgskaya 48//Cappelle Desprez/2B Chinese Spring winter bread wheat was carried out to identify the alleles of the Ppd-A1 gene. The polymorphism of varieties and populations of recombinant-inbred lines in the northern Black Sea region (Odesa) was evaluated for ten traits: frost resistance of plants in the seedling phase, winter hardiness, duration of the period before heading, plant height, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, number of productive tillers per unit area, harvest index and grain yield. The comparison of the lines evaluation data in terms of agronomic traits and the results of the genotypes identification allowed us to identify the influence of Ppd-A1 gene alleles and various combinations of the alleles of Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 genes on these traits. Conclusions. A higher prevalence of the Ppd-A1_del303 allele was found both among varieties and recombinant-inbred lines. The genetic differences by the Ppd-A1 gene (Ppd-A1_del303 or Ppd-A1b) are significantly related only to frost resistance of seedlings in the absence of significant differences in other traits. The interaction between Ppd-A1b and Ppd-B1c alleles contributed to the acceleration of early maturity and the formation of the highest indicators of grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield. The replacement of the Ppd-A1b allele with Ppd-A1_del303 led to a decrease in the effect of the dominant Ppd-B1c allele on accelerating heading and negatively affected the grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index and grain yield compared to the Ppd-A1b Ppd-B1c genotype.
WEB Application for Control Oxygen Regimes of the Body
Authors:   Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ARALOVA N.I. , ARALOVA A.A. , VYSHENSKYY V.I. , MASHKINA I.V. ,   Borys Grinchenko Kiev Metropoliten University, RADZIEJOWSKI P.A. ,   Kazimiera Milanowska College of Education and Therapy, RADZIEJOWSKA M.P. ,   Czestochowa University of Technology
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The muscular fitness of servicemen plays a significant role in the successful performance of military and professional tasks. Currently, 60 days are allotted for the training of a serviceman, so the task of optimizing this training is urgent. Typically, strength endurance can be effectively improved by combining strength, aerobic, and specific weight training. Therefore, the task of objective control of the training process is urgent. A number of sources emphasize the connection between the injuries of military personnel in the conditions of professional activity and aerobic productivity. That is why a model of regulation of the body's oxygen regimes was chosen for the purpose of training control. The need to process large amounts of information justifies the need to develop convenient applications for this. The purpose of the paper is to develop a web application for monitoring the training process of military personnel based on the model of managing the body's oxygen regimes. Methods. Mathematical modeling methods, programming methods. Results. The developed web application for modeling the oxygen regimes of the body allows for objective control of speed and strength training of military personnel. The web application is developed on the OpenXava platform, which provides the user with a more convenient service, is suitable not only for the Windows operating system, but also for Linux, Mac, UNIX, Android and does not require the installation of additional software. Keywords: mathematical model of regulation of oxygen regimes of the body, professional military activity, speed-power training of the military.
Wartime psychological stressors: proliferation and effects among the Ukrainian population
Authors: Dembitskyi Serhii , Stepanenko Viktor , Zlobina Olena , Golovakha Yevhen , Naidionova Lubov
Published: November 2024

The article examines the impact of various wartime stressors on the mental health of the Ukrainian population. The psychological state of the population is assessed through indicators of psychological distress. A review of wartime stressors identified in previous research is presented, forming the basis for the authors’ proposed list of stressors (28 in total) encountered by the Ukrainian population. Through the empirical evaluation of these stressors, 12 general groups of stressors were identified: 1) experiences of being in dangerous situations; 2) lack of essential services (broadly defined); 3) challenges related to relocation to new permanent residences; 4) material hardships; 5) prolonged absence from home and separation from family; 6) discrimination, lack of family support, and moral dilemmas; 7) conflicts with family and others, exacerbated by the war; 8) health issues, both personal and familial; 9) the threat to one’s own life or the lives of family members as a probability; 10) large-scale negative effects (such as distressing news and issues with basic utilities); 11) traumatic memories, particularly of mass panic; 12) the burden of responsibility for others. Using a generalized analytical model (developed through multiple regression: F = 34.8; df = 14; p-value < 0.001; R2 = 14.6%), seven specific stressors were found to have the most significant impact on respondents’ psychological distress: 1) lack of family support when needed; 2) the necessity of engaging in morally condemnable actions due to severe circumstances; 3) discrimination based on social group affiliation; 4) memories of past stressful experiences and corresponding negative emotions; 5) significant financial or material losses; 6) health issues affecting family members; 7) emotional distress caused by exposure to media (radio, TV, internet).
Economic socialization on the way to solidarity construction of reality
Authors: Heyets Valeriy
Published: November 2024

The article discusses how, in the context of the contradiction between the dynamics and structure of economic growth, on the one hand, and the threat of climate change, on the other, to ensure the post-war development of the Ukrainian economy through the formation of a social foundation on the basis of economic socialization. As one of the key resources of social renewal, this should help reduce the stress state of society and ensure social solidarity, expanding opportunities for the inclusion of the population in public life and the economy, in particular effective employment. At the same time, employment is considered as a response to the challenge of the time, which is determined on the basis of an assessment of trends towards reassessment of values and the desire to start a "new life" among the broad masses of the population affected by the war. The possibility of providing employment is associated with the processes of constructing a new reality in the conditions of war and, especially, post-war period, in which the active solidarity of the population on the basis of economic socialization in accordance with new requirements and the development of relevant activities that will contribute to the further development of the economy are possible. At the same time, economic socialization is considered as a component of the state employment policy, which should create prerequisites for the individual's awareness, revision and change of their own economic behavior, especially in the labor market. In turn, this requires the creation of systemic prerequisites for adaptation, which will demotivate the search for illegal employment, as well as migration for employment reasons.
Evaluation of the characteristics of ferrite garnet films for magneto-optical control of materials
Authors:   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Maksymenko O. P. , Voronyak T. I. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Stasyshyn I. V. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Syvorotka I. I. ,   SRC "ELECTRON-KARAT"
Published: November 2024

A setup based on a polarization microscope was developed to study the characteristics of two types of ferrite-garnet films with the chemical composition Lu1.51Ho0.56Bi0.93Fe4.1Al0.9O12. The parameters of the hysteresis loop, values of residual magnetization, and the saturation field of the studied films were determined experimentally. The domain structure period was estab-lished, and a compact device for visualizing defects in steel samples was created. Using this device, a series of experiments were conducted on test samples with cracks of various sizes, and magneto-optical images of the cracks were obtained. The hysteresis loop of the two types of ferrite-garnet films was constructed in the вЂњmagnetiza-tion coefficient-magnetic field inductionвЂќ coordinates. The magnetization coefficient was cal-culated based on the relative change in the area of bright and dark domains when the external magnetic field, directed perpendicular to the film plane, was varied. The efficiency of using two types of films, grown under different technological conditions but having the same chemical composition, in non-destructive testing methods was analyzed. It was found that the investigated films had the same domain period, but their residual magnetization and saturation field values varied significantly. Diagrams of the experimental setup and the developed device, as well as the characteristics of some of their components, are presented. To generate the magnetic field in the test samples, a coil wound on a U-shaped ferrite core was used, pressed against the sample surface on the opposite side relative to the crack location. The experiments were conducted under constant magnetic fields of varying intensity. The device was tested on specially prepared test samples with pre-grown cracks of known sizes. The tests demonstrated that films with higher residual magnetization and saturation field values were more sensitive to detecting defects such as enclosed cracks.
Perfil de morbimortalidade dos profissionais de enfermagem por COVID-19 no Brasil entre os anos de 2020 e 2022
Authors: Amanda Gabrielle Carvalho Costa Amanda Gabrielle Carvalho Costa , RICARDO BRUNO SANTOSFERREIRA RICARDO BRUNO SANTOS , Daniela Sousa Oliveira Daniela Sousa Oliveira , Samantha Souza da Costa Pereira Samantha Souza da Costa Pereira
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A repercussão global da pandemia da COVID-19 levanta a necessidade de compreensão do impacto da doença entre os profissionais de enfermagem, uma vez que eram responsáveis pelo cuidado direto às pessoas contaminadas.
Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de morbimortalidade dos profissionais de enfermagem por COVID-19 no Brasil entre os anos de 2020 e 2022.
Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, realizado com dados coletados no Observatório da Enfermagem do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Os dados foram tabulados no software SPSS versão 21 e analisados mediante análise descritiva, por meio de frequências.
Resultados: Durante o período analisado foram reportados 64.610 casos de COVID-19 entre os profissionais de Enfermagem no Brasil. Desses, 36.425 (56,4%) foram confirmados e 833 evoluíram para óbito, o que representou uma taxa de letalidade de 2,29%. No que se refere ao acometimento da doença, a COVID-19 mostrou-se prevalente entre mulheres (84,24%), na faixa etária de 31 a 40 (41,34%) anos, residentes no sudeste do país (29,77%) e infectadas no ano de 2020 (66,79%). Com relação aos óbitos, a prevalência dos casos ocorreu em 2020 (52,10%), entre mulheres, de 41 a 50 anos (68,07%), residentes na região Norte do Brasil (28,93%). Os profissionais de enfermagem tiveram letalidade 14% maior do que na população geral do Brasil, com maior frequência entre homens.
Conclusão: O estudo levanta a necessidade de efetivação de políticas públicas voltadas para a proteção desses trabalhadores. Tais políticas devem buscar garantir melhores condições de trabalho, educação permanente e combate às desigualdades de gênero.
Respiratory system mechanics during noninvasive proportional assist ventilation: A model study
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yuan Yueyang , Zhang Hai , Li Feng , Li Xingwang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To assess the accuracies of airway resistance (Raw) and compliance (Crs) calculations using the expiratory time constant (RCexp) method as well as the accuracy of Pmus estimation in obstructive lung models.

Methods

A Respironics V60 ventilator was connected to an active lung simulator. The driving pressure was maintained at 5–10 cmH2O and positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) was 5 cmH2O. Maximal Pmus, estimated based on equations of motion and respiratory mechanical properties, was calculated by the RCexp method to derive respiratory system compliance (Crs) and inspiratory (Rinsp) and expiratory (Rexp) resistance.

Results

During PAV, the assist proportion was adjusted to 55% and 40% with Pmus of 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. Pmus measurement errors were <20% of the preset values in most lung conditions. In the active lung model with PAV, an overestimation of Raw was found in the normal resistance condition, and Rinsp was underestimated in the severe obstructive model (P < 0.01). Crs was overestimated significantly except in the severe obstructive model at a Pmus of 10 cmH2O (all P < 0.01). Using the RCexp method, the target of ≤20% between the calculated and preset values in airway resistance was achieved in most obstructive models at a Pmus of 5 cmH2O.

Conclusions

The RCexp method might provide real-time assessments of respiratory mechanics (elastance and resistance) in the PAV mode. With low inspiratory effort, the estimation error was acceptable (<20%) in most obstructive lung models.
Effect of hydrogen mixing on the flame geometry of natural gas-powered equipment
Authors: Lévai Emese , Bereczky Ákos
Published: November 2024

Energy strategies at the international level increasingly support the utilization of hydrogen for energy purposes. One way to do this is to mix hydrogen into natural gas, which is delivered by the network to the combustion equipment of consumers. The paper examines the expected changes that will occur if the maximum amount of hydrogen permitted by law is mixed into the natural gas network. According to our results, the inflowing heat quantity in the gas has decreased, which is compensated by the increased flow rate due to the reduced density. The flame image changes spectacularly, the flame becomes lower, the half-cone angle increases in case of hydrogen mixing. Another noteworthy result is that the temperature of the equipment's burner did not change significantly as a result of mixing.
A Gap Analysis for the Accuracy and Reliability of Forensic Handwriting Comparisons towards Candidate Script Identification in Eswatini
Authors:   Product Development, Standards and Research Department, Examinations Council of Eswatini., Masuku Sibusiso Mzenzi
Published: November 2024

Judgement issues affect many aspects of our lives, including the future of our school-going children. The soundness of judgements made by examination administrators gets more serious in public high-stakes examinations where fairness on candidates is to be the most prized virtue. This paper seeks to ascertain the nature of the gap between current and desired practice of the Examinations Council of Eswatini (ECESWA) in resolving candidates’ handwriting-based issues. The curiosity is on what law in Eswatini recommends as best evidence of genuineness of disputed writing; on how Eswatini schools resolve candidate handwriting issues; and on how public examination bodies in the SADC region ensure that questioned writings are resolved accurately and reliably. The theory of the individuality of handwriting and the human factor theory underpinned the study. Standard marking and Forensic Document Examination protocols served as a reference for gauging ECESWA’s current practice. The inquiry involved a purposive sample of key informants, eight school management members and eight test development officials from SADC public examination bodies. The study revealed that ECESWA’s processes of judging disputed handwriting are aligned to a larger extent with international practice. The absence, however, of the relevant forensic skill within the adjudicators, created a loophole that defined the gap. The study recommends the capacitation of the jury or outsourcing of the service. On a more preventative note, the candidate scripts could be rebranded by ECESWA with candidates’ names prior to the examination day.