bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary embolism occurring early after major trauma
Authors: Serchan Paschalitsa , Shorten George , Maher Michael , Power Stephen P
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary embolism (PE) secondary to trauma is the third most common cause of death in trauma patients who have survived 24 hours following injury. We describe a case of PE diagnosed within 3 hours of a major trauma in a previously well adolescent female. The early occurrence of PE in this case is at odds with what is generally reported (3–5 days) after major trauma. General consensus is that patients who suffer major trauma move from an initial hypocoaguable state, with increased risk of bleeding, to normocoagulable or hypercoaguable state, with a subsequent increased risk of venothromboembolism. However, Sumislawskiet alrecently demonstrated that a marginally greater proportion of trauma patients were in fact hypercoaguable rather than hypocoaguable on arrival to hospital and that trauma-induced coagulopathy tended to resolve within 24 hours; such data cause us to re-evaluate when to commence thromboprophylaxis for major trauma patients.
Extrapelvic endometrioma presenting as acute incarcerated right inguinal hernia in a postpartum patient
Authors: Azhar Erum , Mohammadi Salma M , Ahmed Fauzan M , Waheed Abdul
Published: September 2019

A 33-year-old postpartum patient, who had an uncomplicated repeat caesarean section 4 weeks prior, presented with a 2-day history of acute right lower quadrant, incisional and groin pain. She was found to have a palpable tender lump in the right groin. A CT scan with contrast identified fluid along the anterior abdominal wall of the right lower quadrant (inguinal region) measuring about 1.7 cm, a preliminary diagnosis of an incarcerated inguinal hernia was made and the patient underwent immediate surgery. The hernia sac was dissected free and had chocolate cyst that was confirmed to be endometrioma on histopathology. The hernia defect was repaired. Postoperative, the patient did well and was discharged home. We emphasise to consider this differential diagnosis of extrapelvic inguinal endometrioma in reproductive-aged women with or without history of endometriosis especially in a post-caesarean patient who has atypical presentations.
Recurrent immune thrombocytopenia following different vaccines
Authors: Morin Estelle , Sadarangani Manish
Published: September 2019

A boy developed immune thrombocytopenia 2 weeks after receiving his measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines at 12 months of age. He then had a recurrent episode 1 week after the booster doses of his quadrivalent diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio, pneumococcal and meningococcal group C vaccines at 5 years of age. On both the occasions he required hospitalisation and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. He received other vaccines, before and in between, without any adverse events. Future vaccines are to be determined on an individual risk-benefit basis and he will be reviewed at the age of 11 when his next routine immunisations are due.
Invisible medicine sellers and their use of antibiotics: a qualitative study in Cambodia
Authors: Suy Sovanthida , Rego Sonia , Bory Sothavireak , Chhorn Sophea , Phou Socheata , Prien Chanra , Heng Sotheara , Wu Shishi , Legido-Quigley Helena , Hanefeld Johanna , Saphonn Vonthanak , Khan Mishal S
Published: September 2019

Background

Global attention to antimicrobial resistance has increased interest in tackling the widespread inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics by informal, for-profit healthcare providers (HCPs). We provide new evidence on an understudied group of informal HCPs: invisible medicine sellers (IMS) who operate without any marked facility. We investigated factors that influence community decisions on which HCPs to purchase medicines from, focusing on reasons for using IMS, and compared different HCPs’ knowledge of antibiotic use.

Methods

We conducted community focus group discussions (FGDs) in seven purposively selected villages representing high and low informal HCPs use in two peri-urban districts in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Using information from the FGDs to identify HCPs that sell medicines, we interviewed 35 participants: 21 HCPs (including five IMS) and 14 key informants, including government HCPs and village leaders. We adopted an interpretative approach and conducted a thematic analysis.

Results

Community members typically knew of several formal and informal HCPs selling medicines nearby, and IMS were common, as were doctors that sell medicines covertly. Two factors were most salient in influencing the choice of HCP for medicine purchasing. The first was trust in the effectiveness of medicines provided, judged by the speed of symptomatic relief. This pushed HCPs to provide several medicines, including antibiotics, at the first consultation. The second was the convenience offered by IMS and other informal HCPs: supplying medicines when other facilities are closed, accepting delayed payments, providing incomplete courses of medication and selling human antibiotics for animal use.

Conclusion

This first study focusing on IMS indicates that it is important, but challenging, for public health agencies to engage with them to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. Although public health facilities must fill some gaps that informal HCPs are currently addressing, such as access to medicines at night, reducing demand for unnecessary antibiotics is also critical.
Feasibility study to assess the impact of a lifestyle intervention (‘LivingWELL’) in people having an assessment of their family history of colorectal or breast cancer
Authors: Anderson Annie S , Dunlop Jacqueline , Gallant Stephanie , Macleod Maureen , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Mutrie Nanette , O’Carroll Ronan E , Stead Martine , Steele Robert J C , Taylor Rod S , Vinnicombe Sarah , Berg Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a weight management (WM) programme for overweight patients with a family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer (CRC).

Study design

A two-arm (intervention vs usual care) randomised controlled trial.

Setting

National Health Service (NHS) Tayside and NHS Grampian.

Participants

People with a FH of BC or CRC aged≥18 years and body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2referred to NHS genetic services.

Intervention

Participants were randomised to a control (lifestyle booklet) or 12-week intervention arm where they were given one face-to-face counselling session, four telephone consultations and web-based support. A goal of 5% reduction in body weight was set, and a personalised diet and physical activity (PA) programme was provided. Behavioural change techniques (motivational interviewing, action and coping plans and implementation intentions) were used.

Primary outcome

Feasibility measures: recruitment, programme implementation, fidelity measures, achieved measurements and retention, participant satisfaction assessed by questionnaire and qualitative interviews.

Secondary outcomes

Measured changes in weight and PA and reported diet and psychosocial measures between baseline and 12-week follow-up.

Results

Of 480 patients approached, 196 (41%) expressed interest in the study, and of those, 78 (40%) patients were randomised. Implementation of the programme was challenging within the time allotted and fidelity to the intervention modest (62%). Qualitative findings indicated the programme was well received. Questionnaires and anthropometric data were completed by >98%. Accelerometer data were attained by 84% and 54% at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Retention at 12 weeks was 76%. Overall, 36% of the intervention group (vs 0% in control) achieved 5% weight loss. Favourable increases in PA and reduction in dietary fat were also reported.

Conclusions

A lifestyle programme for people with a family history of cancer is feasible to conduct and acceptable to participants, and indicative results suggest favourable outcomes.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13123470; Pre-results.
Community level socioeconomic status association with surgical outcomes and resource utilisation in a regional cohort: a prospective registry analysis
Authors: Mehaffey J Hunter , Hawkins Robert B , Charles Eric J , Turrentine Florence E , Kaplan Brian , Fogel Sandy , Harris Charles , Reines David , Posadas Jorge , Ailawadi Gorav , Hanks John B , Hallowell Peter T , Jones R Scott
Published: September 2019

Background

Socioeconomic status affects surgical outcomes, however these factors are not included in clinical quality improvement data and risk models. We performed a prospective registry analysis to determine if the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), a composite socioeconomic ranking by zip code, could predict risk-adjusted surgical outcomes and resource utilisation.

Methods

All patients undergoing surgery (n=44,451) in a regional quality improvement database (American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program ACS-NSQIP) were paired with DCI, ranging from 0–100 (low to high distress) and accounting for unemployment, education level, poverty rate, median income, business growth and housing vacancies. The top quartile of distress was compared to the remainder of the cohort and a mixed effects modeling evaluated ACS-NSQIP risk-adjusted association between DCI and the primary outcomes of surgical complications and resource utilisation.

Results

A total of 9369 (21.1%) patients came from severely distressed communities (DCI >75), who had higher rates of most medical comorbidities as well as transfer status (8.4% vs 4.8%, p<0.0001) resulting in higher ACS-NSQIP predicted risk of any complication (8.0% vs 7.1%, p<0.0001). Patients from severely distressed communities had increased 30-day mortality (1.8% vs 1.4%, p=0.01), postoperative complications (9.8% vs 8.5%, p<0.0001), hospital readmission (7.7 vs 6.8, p<0.0001) and resource utilisation. DCI was independently associated with postoperative complications (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10, p<0.0001) as well as resource utilisation after adjusting for ACS-NSQIP predicted risk

Conclusion

Increasing Distressed Communities Index is associated with increased postoperative complications and resource utilisation even after ACS-NSQIP risk adjustment. These findings demonstrate a disparity in surgical outcomes based on community level socioeconomic factors, highlighting the continued need for public health innovation and policy initiatives.
Diaphragm-sparing nerve blocks for shoulder surgery, revisited
Authors: Tran De Q , Layera Sebastián , Bravo Daniela , Cristi-Sanchéz Iver , Bermudéz Loreley , Aliste Julián
Published: September 2019

Although interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) remains the gold standard for analgesia after shoulder surgery, the inherent risks of ipsilateral phrenic nerve block and hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP) limit its use in patients with preexisting pulmonary compromise. In a previous Daring Discourse (2017), our research team has identified potential diaphragm-sparing alternatives to ISB for patients undergoing shoulder surgery. In recent years, the field has been fertile with research, with the publication of multiple randomized controlled trials investigating supraclavicular blocks, upper trunk blocks, anterior suprascapular nerve blocks, costoclavicular blocks, and combined infraclavicular-suprascapular blocks. To date, the cumulative evidence (pre-2017 and post-2017) suggests that costoclavicular blocks may provide similar postoperative analgesia to ISB coupled with a 0%-incidence of HDP. However, in light of the small number of patients recruited by the single study investigating costoclavicular blocks, further confirmatory trials are required. Moreover, future investigation should also be undertaken to determine if costoclavicular blocks could achieve surgical anesthesia for shoulder surgery. Anterior suprascapular nerve blocks have been demonstrated to provide surgical anesthesia and similar analgesia to ISB. However, their risk of HDP has not been formally quantified. Of the remaining diaphragm-sparing nerve blocks, supraclavicular blocks (with local anesthetic injection posterolateral to the brachial plexus), upper trunk blocks, and combined infraclavicular-anterior suprascapular blocks merit further investigation, as they have been shown to achieve similar analgesia to ISB, coupled with an HDP incidence <10%.
Clinical use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in civilian trauma systems in the USA, 2019: a joint statement from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
Authors: Bulger Eileen M , Perina Debra G , Qasim Zaffer , Beldowicz Brian , Brenner Megan , Guyette Frances , Rowe Dennis , Kang Christopher Scott , Gurney Jennifer , DuBose Joseph , Joseph Bellal , Lyon Regan , Kaups Krista , Friedman Vidor E , Eastridge Brian , Stewart Ronald
Published: September 2019

This is a joint statement from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians regarding the clinical use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in civilian trauma systems in the USA. This statement addresses the system of care needed to manage trauma patients requiring the use of REBOA, in light of the current evidence available in this patient population. This statement was developed by an expert panel following a comprehensive review of the literature with representation from all sponsoring organizations and the US Military. This is an update to the previous statement published in 2018. It has been formally endorsed by the four sponsoring organizations.
Morphological, cytological, and molecular variations induced by gamma rays in ground-grown chrysanthemum ‘Pinkling’
Authors: Wu Jian-Hui , Zhang Jing , Lan Feng , Fan Wei-Fang , Li Wen
Published: September 2019

In this study, we analyzed the morphological, cytological, and molecular changes induced by different doses of 60Co-γ radiation on root cuttings of the ground-grown chrysanthemum ‘Pinkling’ plants whose survival and height were decreased with increasing radiation dose. A variety of mutants were observed among irradiated ‘Pinkling’ plants; floral mutations included alteration of floral types, term ligulate floret number, capitulum diameter, and floral colour. Meiotic observation of mutants showed that the frequency of chromosome aberrations increased with radiation dose. The mutants were further analyzed using ISSR markers and on the basis of polymorphic DNA banding patterns, floral mutants were genotypically distinguished. Eighteen polymorphic ISSR primers produced 110 scorable bands, of which 93 (84.5%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 60% to 100%. Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficients varied from 0.337 to 1.000, which attested to the high genetic variability induced by irradiation. It is concluded that gamma ray irradiation induces a sufficient frequency of mutations and that ISSR analysis may offer a useful molecular marker for the detection of mutants in chrysanthemum. The present findings provide valuable information for future breeding of ‘Pinkling’.
Widespread herbicide resistance in pigweed species in Ontario carrot production is due to multiple photosystem II mutations
Authors: Davis Gareth , Letarte Jocelyne , Grainger Christopher M. , Rajcan Istvan , Tardif François J.
Published: September 2019

The apparent efficacy of linuron to control pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) has declined in Ontario, Canada, in past decades, possibly due to resistance. Samples were collected in multiple fields across Ontario with reported linuron failure. These were characterized at the whole-plant and molecular levels. Screening with linuron revealed resistance in six out of nine green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii Wats.) populations and 36 out of 38 populations of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Sequencing of the psbA gene showed resistant plants had mutations conferring resistance to photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors. The most commonly seen mutation was coding for a Val219Ile substitution, while other populations had Ala251Val or Phe274Val. Two populations were documented with a double mutation at Val219Ile and Phe274Val. All substitutions endowed plants with low to moderate resistance to linuron, with various levels of cross resistance to other PSII inhibitors. The double mutants were characterized by higher levels of resistance to linuron and diuron compared with each single substitution. The widespread failure of linuron to control pigweed species in many carrot fields in Ontario is due to the selection of PSII mutants. This is the first report of double mutation in psbA in any weed species and the first report of Ala251Val and Phe273Val in pigweed species. The presence of a double mutation is probably the result of continuous selection of plants already resistant due to a single mutation. Our results illustrate the need for diversified weed management strategies in crops where herbicide options are limited.
AAC Wigle soybean
Authors: Yu K. , Woodrow L. , Shi C.
Published: September 2019

AAC Wigle is a high yielding, high-protein, large-seeded, soybean cyst nematode resistant food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with yellow hilum and acceptable processing quality for foreign and domestic tofu, soymilk, and miso markets. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Harrow Research and Development Centre (Harrow-RDC), Harrow, ON. AAC Wigle is adapted to areas of southwestern Ontario with 3200 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.2 (MG 2.2) and protein content of 45.8%.
Positive energy theorem for asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes with distributional curvature
Authors: Wang Yaohua , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2019

We establish the positive energy theorem for weak asymptotically anti-de Sitter initial data sets with distributional curvature under the weak dominant energy condition.
High pressure structural phase transition and elastic properties of ZnSexTe1−x semiconducting compounds
Authors: Verma Saligram , Jain Arvind , Choudhary K. K. , Kaurav Netram
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the high pressure-dependent crystal structure phase transformation and elastic behavior of ZnSe[Formula: see text]Te[Formula: see text] (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.55, 0.81, 0.93 and 1.0) by speculating effective interionic interaction potential (EIoIP), that contains long-range type Coulomb force, short-range overlap repulsion of the Hafemeister and Flygare types and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction. The assessed values of structural phase transition pressure and the considerable volume discontinuity associated with the pressure–volume phase diagram support the structural phase transformation from zinc blende (B3) type to rock-salt (B1) type crystal structure. The equation of state curves (relationship between V(p)/V(0) and pressure in the pressure–volume phase diagram) for both the zinc blende (B3) and rock-salt (B1) structures is in reasonably good agreement with that of experimental observations. Moreover, systematic variations of the second-order elastic constants (SOEC) with pressure have been found to follow systematic trends showed by the other systems with B3 type to B1 type pressure-dependent structural phase transition.
A refined dichotomy on returners and explorers in urban mobility pattern
Authors: Shan Qing-Chao , Dong Hong-Hui , Li Hai-Jian , Jia Li-Min
Published: September 2019

With the change in people’s lifestyle and travel mode, understanding the individual and population mobility patterns in urban areas remains to an outstanding problem. Pervasive mobile communication technologies generate voluminous data related to human mobility, such as mobile phone data. To further study the characteristics of returning and exploration patterns of human movement in urban space, a multi-index model is proposed based on the original radius of the gyration index. In this paper, the classification mechanism of a single ratio of the radius of gyration for k-explorers and k-returners is illustrated. Some disadvantages of this mechanism are noted. A few indices of the model are proposed for deep mining of data on human mobility exploration and returning characteristics. Taking a mobile phone data during an entire month as a sample, and after data processing on the Spark platform, the characteristics of various indicators and their correlations are analyzed. The classification effects of different spatial indices for human exploration and returning are compared by using a support vector machine and the binary classification algorithm and are further compared with existing research results. The differences in the classification effects of these indicators are analyzed, which is helpful for in-depth studies of urban mobility patterns.
Cross-relaxation energy transfer between the Er3+ ions in vitreous arsenic chalcogenide
Authors: Asadullayeva S. Q. , Eyyubov Q. Y.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we study widely investigated photoluminescent properties of [Formula: see text] compounds in the near-infrared ranges. The increase of the infrared luminescence intensity with increasing [Formula: see text] concentration can be attributed to the cross-relaxation process between the activator ions.
Studies of relaxation mechanism and conductivity property of lead-free electronic material: Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Nath Susmita , Hajra Sugato , Choudhary R. N. P.
Published: September 2019

The strontium-modified barium titanate [Formula: see text] ceramic was fabricated by high temperature compound reaction route. The pattern of X-ray diffraction confirms a single-phase compound with better crystallization. The dielectric properties (permittivity/loss) are investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The relaxation mechanism and correlation with the physical properties are studied using complex impedance spectroscopy. The Nyquist plot shows the association of various effects (grain and grain boundary) by fitting electrical circuits at various temperature regions. This study tells the nature and conduction mechanism of the prepared sample. The Jonscher’s universal power law is being followed by the frequency-dependent ac conductivity.
The solitary waves, breather waves and rogue waves for a generalized nonlinear equation
Authors: Wang Hui , Tian Shou-Fu , Zhang Tian-Tian , Chen Yi
Published: September 2019

Under investigation in this work is a generalized nonlinear equation, which can be widely applied to describe various phenomena in nonlinear physical science field. The equation can be reduced to Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-type equations and Jimbo–Miwa-type equations as its special cases. By using Bell’s polynomial, its bilinear representation is well constructed. Based on the obtained bilinear formalism, we derive the solitary wave solutions of the equation. We also consider its kinky breather wave, rational breather wave and rogue wave solutions by employing the extended homoclinic test method, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic behaviors of these solutions are given by graphical analysis. It is hoped that our works can be helpful to understand dynamical behavior of the nonlinear equation.
Virtually Zero Delay Interaction Between Online Game Players Using Kalman Filter-Based Dead Reckoning with Density and Distance Gain Control Adaptation
Authors: Kim Jung-Yoon , Kim Seong-Whan
Published: September 2019

Online 3D games require fast and efficient user interaction support over the network environments, and the networking support is usually implemented by the use of a network game engine. The network game engine should minimize the network delay and mitigate the network traffic congestion. To minimize the network traffic between game users, a client-based prediction (dead reckoning (DR) algorithm) is used. Each game entity uses the algorithm to estimate its own movement as well as the others’. In case the estimation error exceeds the threshold, the entity sends an UPDATE packet which includes velocity, position and the like to other entities. As the estimation accuracy is increased, each entity can minimize the transmission of the UPDATE packet. In this paper, a Kalman filter-based approach is proposed in order to improve the prediction accuracy and an adaptive Kalman gain control in order to minimize the number of UPDATE packets to distant devices. The BZFlag game was used in the experiment in order to verify the proposed approach and the results have shown that it is possible to increase prediction accuracy and reduce the network traffic by 12%.
Spanning Properties of Yao and 𝜃-Graphs in the Presence of Constraints
Authors: Bose Prosenjit , van Renssen André
Published: September 2019

We present improved upper bounds on the spanning ratio of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs with at least 6 cones and constrained Yao-graphs with 5 or at least 7 cones. Given a set of points in the plane, a Yao-graph partitions the plane around each vertex into [Formula: see text] disjoint cones, each having aperture [Formula: see text], and adds an edge to the closest vertex in each cone. Constrained Yao-graphs have the additional property that no edge properly intersects any of the given line segment constraints. Constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs are similar to constrained Yao-graphs, but use a different method to determine the closest vertex.

We present tight bounds on the spanning ratio of a large family of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs. We show that constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and integer) cones have a tight spanning ratio of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. We also present improved upper bounds on the spanning ratio of the other families of constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs. These bounds match the current upper bounds in the unconstrained setting.

We also show that constrained Yao-graphs with an even number of cones ([Formula: see text]) have spanning ratio at most [Formula: see text] and constrained Yao-graphs with an odd number of cones ([Formula: see text]) have spanning ratio at most [Formula: see text]. As is the case with constrained [Formula: see text]-graphs, these bounds match the current upper bounds in the unconstrained setting, which implies that like in the unconstrained setting using more cones can make the spanning ratio worse.
On the Betti numbers of edge ideals of skew Ferrers graphs
Authors: Hoang Do Trong
Published: September 2019

We prove that [Formula: see text] for any staircase skew Ferrers graph [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, Ene et al. conjecture is confirmed to hold true for the Betti numbers in the last column of the Betti table in a particular case. An explicit formula for the unique extremal Betti number of the binomial edge ideal of some closed graphs is also given.
Synthesis and biological studies of amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates
Authors: Pandey Vijayalakshmi , Rather Hilal , Yadav Sarla , Vasita Rajesh , Gupta Iti
Published: September 2019

Amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates are synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and [Formula: see text]C NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. The pyridinium group is attached on the 3-position of the carbazole ring and long alkyl chains are linked to the central [Formula: see text] atom. The introduction of a pyridinium group afforded water-soluble carbazole derivatives with significant bathochromic shifts in their absorption and emission spectra. As compared to the parent [Formula: see text]-butylcarbazole compound, carbazole pyridinium conjugates exhibited 50 nm red-shifted absorption maxima. Similarly, the carbazole pyridinium conjugates displayed 143–147 nm red-shifted emission maxima in solution. In addition, large Stokes shifts (5747–7558 cm[Formula: see text] were observed for the conjugates in solution. The cell penetrable amphiphilic carbazole pyridinium conjugates exhibited cytoplasmic distribution in A549 cells.
Question Answering in Knowledge Bases
Authors: Zhang Richong , Wang Yue , Mao Yongyi , Huai Jinpeng
Published: September 2019

Question answering over knowledge bases aims to take full advantage of the information in knowledge bases with the ultimate purpose of returning answers to questions. To access the substantial knowledge within the KB, many model architectures are hindered by the bottleneck of accurately predicting relations that connect subject entities in questions to object entities in the knowledge base. To break the bottleneck, this article presents a novel model architecture, APVA, which includes a verification mechanism to check the correctness of predicted relations. Specifically, APVA takes advantage of KB-based information to improve relation prediction but verifies the correctness of the predicted relation by means of simple negative sampling in a logistic regression framework. The APVA architecture offers a natural way to integrate an iterative training procedure, which we call turbo training. Accordingly, we introduce APVA-TURBO to perform question answering over knowledge bases. We demonstrate extensive experiments to show that APVA-TURBO outperforms existing approaches on question answering.
The Role of the Lexicon in the Syntax–Semantics Interface
Authors: Wechsler Stephen
Published: September 2019

Evidence from the study of verbal argument alternations suggests that the syntactic structure of an event-denoting clause often reflects the structure of the event it denotes, in the sense that parts of the clause refer to aspects of the event. The patterns of such mappings between clause structure and event structure tend to be crosslinguistically uniform. Proffered explanations for these phenomena fall into two distinct theoretical currents. Lexicalists explain these phenomena in terms of the inherent paradigmatic structure of the lexicon, which leads verbs with similar meanings to have similar valence structures. Constructionists see these phenomena as evidence that the syntax itself conveys meaning that composes with the meaning contributed by the verb. The roots of this theoretical split are traced to differing perspectives on polysemy, and a partial synthesis of the two perspectives is proposed.
Mechanisms and Consequences of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Sensing in Mammals
Authors: Cummins Eoin P. , Strowitzki Moritz J. , Taylor Cormac T.
Published: September 2019

Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the levels of either of these gasses outside of the physiological range presents a serious threat to cell, tissue, and organism survival. Therefore, it is essential that endogenous levels are monitored and kept at appropriate concentrations to maintain a state of homeostasis. Higher organisms such as mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense O2 and CO2 both in the circulation and in individual cells and elicit appropriate corrective responses to promote adaptation to commonly encountered conditions such as hypoxia and hypercapnia. These can be acute and transient nontranscriptional responses, which typically occur at the level of whole animal physiology or more sustained transcriptional responses, which promote chronic adaptation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which mammals sense changes in O2 and CO2 and elicit adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis. We also discuss crosstalk between these pathways and how they may represent targets for therapeutic intervention in a range of pathological states.
ALK and RET Inhibitors Promote HLA Class I Antigen Presentation and Unmask New Antigens within the Tumor Immunopeptidome
Authors: Oh Claire Y. , Klatt Martin G. , Bourne Christopher , Dao Tao , Dacek Megan M. , Brea Elliott J. , Mun Sung Soo , Chang Aaron Y. , Korontsvit Tatyana , Scheinberg David A.
Published: September 2019

T-cell immunotherapies are often thwarted by the limited presentation of tumor-specific antigens abetted by the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We showed that drugs inhibiting ALK and RET produced dose-related increases in cell-surface HLA in tumor cells bearing these mutated kinases in vitro and in vivo, as well as elevated transcript and protein expression of HLA and other antigen-processing machinery. Subsequent analysis of HLA-presented peptides after ALK and RET inhibitor treatment identified large changes in the immunopeptidome with the appearance of hundreds of new antigens, including T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) peptides. ALK inhibition additionally decreased PD-L1 levels by 75%. Therefore, these oncogenes may enhance cancer formation by allowing tumors to evade the immune system by downregulating HLA expression. Altogether, RET and ALK inhibitors could enhance T-cell–based immunotherapies by upregulating HLA, decreasing checkpoint blockade ligands, and revealing new, immunogenic, cancer-associated antigens.
High Rate of Occult Urolithiasis in Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lemos Alyne Layane Pereira , Andrade Sergio Ricardo de Lima , Pontes Lívia Laeny Henrique , Teixeira Patricia Moura Cravo , Bandeira Elba , Bandeira Leonardo C. , Bandeira Francisco
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) is characterized by elevations in serum parathyroid hormone levels in the presence of normal serum calcium concentrations after exclusion of secondary hyperparathyroidism. We have previously demonstrated no differences in the prevalence of clinically active urolithiasis between NPHPT and hypercalcemic asymptomatic PHPT, and that it is significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with NPHPT in comparison to women with normal serum PTH and calcium concentrations. Few studies have addressed the occurrence of silent or occult kidney stones in asymptomatic hypercalcemic PHPT, but no data are available for NPHPT. Objective: To determine the presence of occult urolithiasis in NPHPT patients using routine abdominal ultrasonography. Methods and Results: We studied 35 patients with NPHPT (mean age 63.2 ± 10.7 years, 96% women; serum PTH 116.5 ± 39.2 pg/mL, 25OHD 38.5 ± 6.82 ng/mL, total calcium 9.1 ± 0.56 mg/dL; albumin 4.02 ± 0.37 g/dL; BUN 34.35 ±10.23 mg/dL; p = 3.51 ± 0.60 mg/dL; estimated glomerular filtration rate 88.44 ± 32.45 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 24-h urinary calcium excretion 140.6 ± 94.3 mg/24 h). The criteria for the diagnosis of NPHPT were as follows: serum PTH above the reference range (11–65 pg/mL), normal albumin-corrected serum calcium concentrations, normal 24-h urinary calcium excretion, serum 25OHD above 30 ng/mL, estimated GFR (MDRD) above 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (with the exclusion of medications such as thiazide diuretics, lithium, bisphosphonates, and denosumab), a history of clinical symptoms of urolithiasis, and a family history of kidney stones. Thirty-five patients were evaluated and 25 of them met the inclusion criteria. Five patients presented nephrolithiasis corresponding to 20% of the study population. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the clinical or laboratory variables studied between patients with or without urolithiasis, although mean serum PTH levels were higher in patients with stones (180.06 ± 126.48 vs. 100.72 ± 25.28 pg/mL, p = 0.1). The size of the stones ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 cm and all of the stones were located in the renal pelvis. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of occult kidney stones in NPHPT patients, similar to what is observed in clinically manifested urolithiasis, in hypercalcemic PHPT.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Sac: Clinical-Pathologic Analysis, Including Molecular Genetics
Authors: Gervasio Kalla A. , Zhang Paul J.L. , Penne Robert B. , Stefanyszyn Mary A. , Eagle Jr. Ralph C. , Puthiyaveettil Raghunath , Milman Tatyana
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac is a counterpart of CRTC1/3-MAML2 gene fusion-related salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Methods: In this retrospective observational case series, pathology records were searched for all cases of lacrimal sac mucoepidermoid carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2018. Data collected included demographics, clinical findings, management, and follow-up. Pathologic parameters assessed included tumor morphology, immunohistochemistry, and MAML2 and EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Results: Six patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac, 5 males and 1 female, with a median age of 63 years (range 24–66) were identified. Five tumors were managed with radical resection and 1 patient underwent orbital exenteration. None of the patients developed recurrence or metastases with an average follow-up of 18 months (range 13–23). All tumors had morphologic and immunohistochemical features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and overexpressed EGFR. MAML2 FISH was negative for MAML2 rearrangement in all tumors. EGFR FISH demonstrated EGFR amplification in 1 tumor. Conclusions: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac is not a lacrimal sac counterpart of CRTC1/3-MAML2 gene fusion-related salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. EGFR pathway activation and EGFR amplification in a subset of these neoplasms suggest the potential role for anti-EGFR agents.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Non-Complex Coronary Lesions: Is There a Different Impact on Thyroid Function?
Authors: Üreyen Çağın Mustafa , Coşansu Kahraman , Vural Mustafa Gökhan , Şahin Sait Emir , Çakar Mehmet Akif , Kılıç Harun , Ağaç Mustafa Tarık , Gündüz Hüseyin , Akdemir Ramazan , Tatlı Ersan
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study assessed whether high levels of iodide administered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) differentially influenced thyroid function compared to PCI for non-complex coronary lesions. Subjects and Methods: A total of 615 patients were enrolled in the study; 205 underwent elective PCI for CTO lesions (Group I) and 410 underwent elective PCI for non-complex lesions including non-CTO, non-bifurcation, non-calcified, and non-tortuous lesions (Group II). Patients were monitored for development of incidental thyroid dysfunction between 1 and 6 months after PCI. Results: The patients in Group I were administered a median of 255 mL of contrast medium during PCI for CTO; a median of 80 mL was administered to the patients in Group II during non-complex PCI (p =0.001). Ten (5.4%) of the 186 euthyroid patients in Group I and 19 (5%) of the 379 eu­thyroid patients in Group II developed subclinical hyper­thyroidism (p = 0.854). However, 7 (50%) of the 14 subclinical hyperthyroid patients in Group I and only 3 (12%) of the 25 subclinical hyperthyroid patients in Group II developed overt hyperthyroidism (p = 0.019). Conclusion: In euthyroid patients, PCI for coronary CTO lesions did not increase the risk for subclinical hyperthyroidism when compared to PCI for non-complex coronary lesions. However, in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism at baseline, PCI for coronary CTO lesions significantly increased the development of overt hyperthyroidism when compared to PCI for non-complex coronary lesions.
Antiplatelet Therapy After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Murthy Santosh B. , Biffi Alessandro , Falcone Guido J. , Sansing Lauren H. , Torres Lopez Victor , Navi Babak B. , Roh David J. , Mandava Pitchaiah , Hanley Daniel F. , Ziai Wendy C. , Kamel Hooman , Rosand Jonathan , Sheth Kevin N. ,   on behalf of the VISTA-ICH Collaborators, Butcher K. , Davis S. , Gregson B. , Lees K.R. , Lyden P. , Mayer S. , Muir K. , Steiner T.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Observational data suggest that antiplatelet therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) alleviates thromboembolic risk without increasing the risk of recurrent ICH. Given the paucity of data on the relationship between antiplatelet therapy after ICH and functional outcomes, we aimed to study this association in a multicenter cohort.

Methods—

We meta-analyzed data from (1) the Massachusetts General Hospital ICH registry (n=1854), (2) the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive database (n=762), and (3) the Yale stroke registry (n=185). Our exposure was antiplatelet therapy after ICH, which was modeled as a time-varying covariate. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of major disability or death (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6). We used Cox proportional regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratio of death or poor functional outcome as a function of antiplatelet therapy and random-effects meta-analysis to pool the estimated HRs across studies. Additional analyses stratified by hematoma location (lobar and deep ICH) were performed.

Results—

We included a total of 2801 ICH patients, of whom 288 (10.3%) were started on antiplatelet medications after ICH. Median times to antiplatelet therapy ranged from 7 to 39 days. Antiplatelet therapy after ICH was not associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.66–1.09), or death or major disability (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59–1.16) compared with patients not started on antiplatelet therapy. Similar results were obtained in additional analyses stratified by hematoma location.

Conclusions—

Antiplatelet therapy after ICH appeared safe and was not associated with all-cause mortality or functional outcome, regardless of hematoma location. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the effects and harms of antiplatelet therapy after ICH.
The Music of the Trees: The Blued Trees Symphony and Opera as Environmental Research and Legal Activism
Authors: Rahmani Aviva
Published: September 2019

The Blued Trees project is a transdisciplinary thought experiment, physically manifested across miles of the North American continent. It melds ideas about music, acoustics, art and environmental policy. Hundreds of GPS-located individual trees in the path of proposed natural gas pipelines were painted with a sine wave sigil. Each “treenote” contributed to an aerially perceivable composition employing the local terrain. The score is the formal skeleton for systemic changes challenging several laws. A mock trial explored how this project might open new directions in legal activism for Earth rights and contribute to an operatic libretto.
The Loom Machines of Boott Mill (Lowell): A Composition from the New England Soundscape Project
Authors: Walzer Daniel A.
Published: September 2019

The author reports on the development of an original piece, Boott Mill (Lowell), in which he takes field recordings of loom machines from the Boott Mill Museum in Lowell, Massachusetts, and uses the recordings as the foundation for a fully realized composition featuring percussion, strings, keyboards and assorted musical textures.
Flow Vertical: Composing and Improvising Original Music Inspired by Bodily Sound Vibrations
Authors: Jovicevic Jasna
Published: September 2019

This text analyzes the process of composing and improvising the musical experiment Flow Vertical. This artistic exploration for chamber orchestra responds to a theory of biosignals, incorporating a putative sonic mapping of “inaudible” sound vibration of the author’s biofield as understood to be measured by an SCIO device. The interpretation and represent ation of measured frequencies influenced the creation of an “assemblage,” the system of interconnected human and nonhuman agents within the piece. The artist applied an original eight-week-long method of creation, investigating how this idea of body vibration and a specific yogic routine could aesthetically affect music.
Work and Material Creation in the Teaching of R. Joseph B. Soloveitchik
Authors: Mashiach Amir
Published: September 2019

Rabbi Joseph Ber Halevi Soloveitchik (1903–1993), one of the most prominent religious Zionist rabbis as well as the leader of Modern Jewish Orthodoxy in the U.S., presented a theologically consistent approach to the issue of work and material production, to which he ascribed a religious value. His leading principle in his consideration of work and material production emerged from the Halakhic dictum, “You shall walk in His ways,” a commandment that demands that human beings follow the ways of God, emulating His actions and His attributes. In Rabbi Soiloveitchik’s view, just as God worked to fashion the world of matter, so must man work, take action, and create.
The Banality of Care: The Figure of the Humanitarian, in Haiti and Elsewhere
Authors: Beckett Greg
Published: September 2019

The humanitarian is often seen as the great moral figure of our time. In this article, I explore how the idea of the humanitarian, as a global public figure, is related to broader ideas of liberalism, agency, ethics, and care. I draw on ethnographic examples from Haiti to first paint a portrait of the humanitarian as a person concerned with certain ideas of care, suffering, and salvation. I then offer a more general theoretical account of the figure of the humanitarian and suggest that this figure is tied to a larger story about liberal responses to cruelty and suffering. In the end, I suggest that the figure of the humanitarian tells us much about the normalization of emergency around the world and about what I call the banality of care.
Populism
Authors: Ahmad Irfan
Published: September 2019

This essay critically reviews Jan-Werner Müller’s What is Populism and its application in the Indian debate to show the efficacy and limits of his exposition. It focuses on three points: elision of subjectivity of those who are targets of populism, neglect of religion as a key factor in populist mobilizations, and the near desertion of International Relations in accounting for populism. These points are discussed by drawing, inter alia, on contemporary Indian populism, especially related to pluralism, a concept that Müller insightfully foregrounds as central to populism. It is hoped that a political-anthropological approach to populism will enrich its theoretical understanding beyond disciplinary and spatial grooves.