bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation of water discharges in the lower course of the Danube River across the area from Reni to Izmail under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors
Authors: Romanova Yelyzaveta , Shakirzanova Zhannetta , Ovcharuk Valeriya , Todorova Olena , Medvedieva Iuliia , Ivanchenko Andrii
Published: December 2019

The Danube River mouth is a main source for fresh water used for water supply and irrigation purposes in the arid southern part of Ukraine. In addition, the water of the mouth is used for filling the Danube Lakes. Climate change and numerous social and economic factors reduce the area and the water level of the Danube Lakes and increase their salinity. Under these circumstances the water exchange between the Danube River and the lakes is a very important process which allows maintenance of the water–salt balance of the latter. Such water exchange massively depends on the Danube River regime. The paper presents research of temporal variation of typical water discharges in the lower course of the Danube River associated with assessment of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting river runoff fluctuations. Time series of annual average water discharge at the water gauging stations of such cities as Reni and Izmail were considered uniform for the selected periods. They cover the period of conventionally natural river runoff regime (1840–1920), the period of the least altered river runoff regime (1921–1960) and the most altered river runoff regime under a heavy anthropogenic influence (1961–1989). The analysis of the impact of climate changes on the river runoff allowed introduction of a new, modern period of the Danube River hydrological regime (1990–2015). It is established that the series of maximum and minimum water discharges are characterized by the lack of their uniformity from the beginning of the period of initial influence of hydraulic engineering structures on the hydrological regime (since 1961). The analysis of the aggregate multi-year series (1840–2015) of average annual, maximum and minimum water discharges of the Danube River across its length from Reni to Izmail showed the presence of positive trends. At the same time the period of climatic changes (after 1989) is characterized by a less intensive growth of maximum water discharges. The research resulted in establishing the periodicity and synchronism of water discharge fluctuations in the lower course of the Danube River from Reni to Izmail within the territory of Ukraine. In particular, the study showed for the first time that from the 2000s onwards the redistribution of river runoff between the Danube River branches led to unsynchronization of minimum river runoff in different parts of the Danube Delta. The research shows that comprehensive analysis of the Danube River hydrological regime under modern climatic conditions is required to ensure efficient engineering regulation of the Danube Lakes filling pattern. Such regulation, in its turn, will ensure that the water supply and irrigation purposes are achieved.
Cosmic albums of Jazep Drozdovich
Authors: Archipova Olga
Published: December 2019

The article presents a significant part of creative heritage of the Belarusian painter Jazep Drozdovich (1888–1954), a graduate of the Vilnius Drawing School, who was depicting his cosmic visions and declaring the existence of life forms on other planets, yet in other conditions. The painter was convinced that he had a special gift of clairvoyance. Although space explorations commenced only in the 6th decade of the 20th century, Drozdovich pursued his “astral wanderings” through somnambulistic dreams. He travelled to the remote stars and planets: Moon, Mars, Saturn and Venus, and saw unimaginably beautiful landscapes, explored remarkable plants and animals, visited unknown countries and cities, and observed local citizens’ lives. He accurately and meticulously documented, recorded and painted everything what he saw. A specific feature of an unprecedented nature of this part of Drozdovich’s creativity is that he highlighted not only artistic but first of all scientific value of his cosmic wanderings. Historically, part of the painter’s heritage remained in Vilnius, the other part was brought to Minsk. All his texts revealing documentation of “cosmic wanderings” are kept in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Among them there are numerous notebooks and two bound manuscript books “Life in Mars” and “Life in Saturn”. These really valuable texts help to more specifically attribute Drozdovich’s paintings and graphics works, and to decode the scripts of some of his paintings. The analysis of Drozdovich’s creativity reveals the patterns of development of a unique painter’s personality. The available information and scientific knowledge let his fantasy escape from reality. The fantasy which allowed him explain the unknown as a reality similar to life on Earth. Jazep Drozdovich was able to create an endless cosmos in his inner world.
Faibich Schraga Zarfin: Child and youth years. Materials to the artist’s biography
Authors: Abdourahmanov Youri
Published: December 2019

The article presents little-known or unknown facts of child and youth years of artist Faibich Schraga Zarfin. In addition to the already published reminiscences by the artist himself and other persons, the author also discovered a number of new archive documents and interviewed several of Zarfin’s relatives and friends, both while working on the documentary “A Roaming Star From Smilovichy” (2016, film director Zoya Kotovich and script writer Youri Abdourahmanov) and collecting the materials for a book about Zarfin to be published shortly. Schraga Zarfin was born in a Belarusian settlement of Smilovitchi. As a child, he was acquainted with Chaim Soutine and reflected this in his reminiscences. Following Soutine, young Zarfin decided to become an artist and left for the Vilnius Drawing School to study. After that there was a sharp change in his life: in 1914 Zarfin moved to Palestine, was enrolled as a student in the Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts, and worked in the first Kibbutzim (communal settlements). In 1918 he joined the British Army and took part in the military actions in Egypt and Palestine. After the end of World War I, Zarfin resumed his studies in Bezalel and participated in the earliest art exhibitions in Jerusalem. In 1923 Zarfin left for Berlin to continue his studies, and in 1924 moved to Paris. The article is supplemented by the originally published photographs.
The Centennial Celebration of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane and of One Hundred Years of Peace
Authors: Young Elaine
Published: December 2019

This article examines the centenary celebration of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, held under the auspices of the Lundy’s Lane Historical Society on 25 July 1914. At this time Canada was attempting to define its place in the world, and was coming to terms with a growing Anglo-American rapprochement. At the prodding of Canadian federal bodies, what had originally been intended as a Canadian celebration was transformed into an international one involving Canadian, and American representatives. In this way the celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane was combined with that of one hundred years of peace between Britain and the United States. The resulting ceremony was filled with conflicting messages about Canada’s history and its relationship with its southern neighbour as participants tried to balance Canada’s attachment to the empire and its growing closeness with the United States, while commemorating the last great battle between them.
Organizing for War in Canada, 1812-1814: The U.S. Army Experience
Authors: Olinger Mark A.
Published: December 2019

This article examines the organizing, training, and equipping of the U.S. Army during the War of 1812. When the war began, Congress raised forces by expanding the Regular Army, authorizing the use of volunteers, and calling out the militia. In organizing the required forces regimental organizations were used. The lack of trained personnel and the short duration of campaigns would result in these regiments being organized into ad hoc brigades and divisions, which varied widely in strength from as small as in the hundreds to a few thousand. Most of the units had little training and were poorly equipped, creating largely ineffective fighting forces. Against this background, the types of regiments, brigades and divisions the U.S. Army employed in the campaigns against Upper and Lower Canada, a comparison of the effectiveness of the militiamen and regulars, and the significance of the battles in the Niagara River area, will be covered.
The Scene of its Achievement
Authors: Stubbs Todd
Published: December 2019

This article examines the debate over the ownership and preservation of an artefact of the War of 1812-14: the wrecked hull of the schooner HMS Nancy, which was discovered and raised at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River in Wasaga Beach, Ontario, in the summer of 1925. The discovery precipitated a vigorous struggle for control of the artefact that pitted local historical enthusiasts and politicians against the government of Ontario and its representatives. The crux of the debate concerned where best to store and house the hull. The government initially intended to remove the Nancy’s remains to Toronto where, officials argued, the vessel could best enjoy the status of a truly national icon, while an organized group from the Nottawasaga region charged that the artefact should remain in the place it perished as the best way to honour its historical significance as a symbol of British-Canadian nationhood and to make use of its value as a tourist attraction. The events highlight the ways in which Ontarians conceptualized their history and historical meanings of place during a period of tremendous social, cultural, and economic change.
To promote the Interest and Security of the North West Company
Authors: Morrison Jean
Published: December 2019

While the traditionally-known elements of the War of 1812 deserve recognition, they are not the whole story. The British fought to save the Canadas from conquest by the Americans, but they also strove to save and expand the territorial base of the fur trade, a vital element in the British North American economy, a goal shared by the North West Company. Since Fort William was located in Upper Canada and many NWC actions took place in Upper Canada, the roles of both the Company and the Fort are an integral part of Ontario history. This article examines actions at Sault Ste. Marie, the roles of the schooners Nancy and Perseverance, the development of Yonge Street and the route from Lake Simcoe to Wasaga, the struggle to maintain the fur trade canoe route between Fort William and Montreal, NWC involvement in the taking of Prairie du Chien and the decision made to take Astoria from the American Fur Company which led to British rule over the Columbia Department on the Pacific coast.
Trade Goods and Nations in Sagard's Dictionary: A St. Lawrence Iroquoian Perspective
Authors: Steckley John
Published: December 2019

The disappearance of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, between the time Jacques Cartier encountered them in the 1530s to the arrival of the French permanently at the beginning of the seventeenth century has long been speculated on by historians and anthropologists. In this article linguistic evidence coming from the dictionary compiled by Recollect Brother Gabriel, based on his stay with the Huron in 1623 and 1624 is used to suggest that at least one of his linguistic informants was a St. Lawrence Iroquoian who had come to join the Huron, a path followed by others of his nation as well.
“At Last a Practical Man Got a Gun”
Authors: Reid Mike
Published: December 2019

Throughout the nineteenth century, Ontario child saving had been largely a women’s domain. But Children’s Aid Societies (CASs), appearing in the 1890s, were consistently dominated by men. This article explores the gendered meaning that CAS work held for the people who performed it and the relationship between that meaning and the actual practice of the work. Research in the archives of three Ontario CASs — those of Ottawa, Brantford, and especially Belleville — indicates that CAS leaders imagined their work as a manly, moral enterprise centred on the dramatic, confrontational rescue of imperiled children from evil surroundings.
Ontario Baptists and the War of 1812
Authors: Heath Gordon L.
Published: December 2019

This paper examines both the impact of the War of 1812 on the Baptist churches in Ontario, as well as on the response of Baptists to the war. To be sure, the war had wrought devastation upon Upper Canadian churches, and Baptist churches were no exception in this regard. All Baptists were isolated from their American colleagues, friends, and support. Upper Canadian Baptists had suffered even more through the ignominy of disloyal pastors, and the closure of churches. There may have been a purging of Americans from the Methodists of Upper Canada, but there does not seem to be the same happening among the Baptists. No doubt the desperate need among Upper Canadian Baptists for American help was a factor in this willingness to have American missionaries return. The most passionate loyalty expressed in the evidence that remains was a cross-border ecumenism that speaks to the power of the evangelical impulse. Once the war ended, the churches could quickly reopen relations and get back to the work of the church.
Freemasonic and Orange Order Membership in Rural Ontario During the Late 19th-century
Authors: Klages Gregory
Published: December 2019

This study tests observations regarding the dynamics of fraternal organizations in urban and semi-urban Ontario communities against those in a rural settlement. The study focuses on Freemasonic and Orange Lodges that operated in a southwestern Ontario town of less than 2,000 persons between the late 1860s and the early 1900s. Exceptional results indicate fraternal organizations operating in rural Ontario during the late nineteenth century may have had some unique characteristics. Further study could test the wider applicability of these results and serve to shed further light on the role of fraternal organizations in community- and identity-building in rural Ontario during this period.
“Not that I lov’d Fleas less, but that I lov’d England more,”
Authors: Beaulieu Michel S.
Published: December 2019

Upper Canadians were avid participants in “entertainment.” They took part as spectators and participants in a wide variety of activities that, on one level, provided an opportunity for leisure and social interaction. However, for historians, the type and dialogue surrounding them also played another, somewhat more significant, role. As this paper argues, the many forms of public and private amusement available in Kingston, Ontario, between 1815 and 1837 provide a barometer of the social and political atmosphere of the town.
Acts of Resistance
Authors: Cooper Afua
Published: December 2019

This paper examines how enslaved Africans living in Upper Canada at the turn of the 19th century protested and resisted their enslavement in diverse ways, and the impact of this resistant behaviour on attempts to legislate against and ameliorate the effects of slavery in the province. It shows that, in the case of the Chloe Cooley, her courage in the face of attempts to sell her away to a New York owner provided the catalyst that spurred the Upper Canadian government to pass its gradual emancipation act, some forty years before anti-slavery laws were passed elsewhere in the British Empire. This study centres Black Canadians, particularly the enslaved, as actors and agents in the making of their own, and thus a signficant part of Canada’s, history.
Industria 4.0 y resultados empresariales en España: un primer escaneado
Authors: Torrent-Sellens Joan
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza la relación entre los usos de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0 (I4.0), la generación de valor y los resultados empresariales. Mediante una muestra de 1.525 empresas industriales españolas en 2014, se identifican los usos de cuatro tecnologías básicas de la I4.0: 1) diseño industrial asistido por computadora, CAD; 2) robótica; 3) sistemas flexibles de producción; y 4) hardware y software de control numérico de la actividad–, se construye un indicador aditivo y se estudia la asociación estadística con la generación de valor y los resultados de la empresa. La investigación ha obtenido tres resultados principales. En primer lugar, cabe destacar su estado incipiente; un 72,5% de las empresas industriales españolas o bien no utiliza, o bien utiliza muy moderadamente las tecnologías identificadas de la I4.0. Sin embargo, y en segundo lugar, debe señalarse que los usos de estas tecnologías se asocian a un proceso de generación de valor de la empresa industrial más intensivo en I+D y en capital humano, más innovador, más digital y más sostenible. En tercer lugar, la investigación también concluye que las empresas con unos usos más intensivos de las tecnologías I4.0 presentan mejores resultados en términos de ventas, valor añadido, exportaciones y margen bruto de explotación. Especialmente relevantes son los resultados de la productividad y del empleo. Las empresas industriales intensivas en usos de las tecnologías I4.0 son un 30% más eficientes que las empresas que no usan estas tecnologías. También son capaces de ocupar a un número mucho mayor de empleados (el doble de la media industrial) y de retribuirlos mucho mejor (12,4% por encima de la media industrial). Por último, en el artículo también se discute el papel que la I4.0 podría tener como nueva tecnología de propósito general.
¿Nos robarán los robots los puestos de trabajo? Un vistazo al mercado laboral en España
Authors: Lladós-Masllorens Josep
Published: December 2019

Las tecnologías basadas en la inteligencia artificial y en la robótica son uno de los principales retos actuales sobre el futuro del trabajo humano. La llamada Revolución 4.0 cuestiona algunos modelos de negocio, transforma los requerimientos formativos para el sistema productivo e impacta progresivamente en la distribución de la renta. El mercado laboral español es un buen ejemplo de cómo esta nueva oleada de cambio tecnológico puede impactar en los niveles y sobre todo en la estructura de la ocupación. Se detecta una creciente polarización en la demanda de trabajo y en las oportunidades de trabajo en función de los niveles educativos y de varios efectos de desajuste laboral, atribuibles principalmente a las características de un modelo productivo dominante que es intensivo en tareas de naturaleza rutinaria, pero poco activo en la incorporación de las tecnologías emergentes.
Los nuevos perfiles profesionales en el marco de la Industria 4.0
Authors: Pi Palomés Xavier , Tuset-Peiró Pere
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se analizan los motivos que limitan la adopción de las nuevas tecnologías y frenan el proceso de transformación digital de las empresas del tejido industrial. Más allá de los aspectos técnicos o económicos, el origen de estos frenos en el marco de la Industria 4.0 radica en la falta de transversalidad de los perfiles profesionales existentes actualmente. En vista de esto, en el artículo también se analiza el impacto laboral y los nuevos perfiles profesionales que serán necesarios para hacer frente al proceso de transformación digital, así como el rol que tendrán los expertos, los grupos de trabajo y las herramientas de diagnosis en este proceso.
El juez artificial: ¿próxima parada?
Authors: Martínez Zorrilla David
Published: December 2019

Los últimos avances tecnológicos, y especialmente la inteligencia artificial, están afectando de manera muy profunda a los más diversos ámbitos, entre ellos el jurídico, en sus más variadas manifestaciones. El presente trabajo analiza algunos de los más recientes desarrollos en inteligencia artificial en el campo de la aplicación del Derecho, a fin de discernir hasta qué punto nos estamos acercando a la ya no tan utópica idea del juez artificial y de la aplicación automatizada del Derecho. El análisis se estructura en tres ámbitos diferenciados, aunque complementarios: en primer lugar, se analiza el aspecto conceptual (qué distintos elementos y actividades implica la aplicación judicial del Derecho, con el fin de determinar qué procesos sería necesario automatizar para poder hablar de un «juez artificial»); en segundo lugar, se presentan brevemente algunas recientes tecnologías y aplicaciones que de algún modo incidirían en la aplicación del Derecho, con el fin de determinar en qué punto nos encontraríamos respecto a un proceso de automatización; y por último, se reflexiona brevemente acerca de los posibles efectos positivos o adversos que conllevaría una automatización de la aplicación del Derecho.
ПРАВА ДЈЕТЕТА У ПРАКСИ ЕВРОПСКОГ СУДА ЗА ЉУДСКА ПРАВА
Authors: Мијовић Љиљана
Published: December 2019

Иако права дјетета као засебна категорија не постоје уЕвропској конвенцији о заштити људских права и основних слобода, бројнису случајеви у пракси Европског суда за људска права у којима се Суд бавиоовим правима, а на основу примјене чланова Конвенције којима је регули-сано право на живот, забрана мучења, нечовјечног или понижавајућег по-ступања и кажњавања, забрана ропства и присилног рада, право на пра-вично суђење, право на породични живот, слобода мишљења, савјести ивјероисповијести, слобода изражавања, слобода окупљања и удруживања,право на образовање и забрана дискриминације. Из презентоване праксевидно је да се, захваљујући принципу универзалности у погледу круга лицакоји се могу обратити Европском суду, дјеца пред овим Судом појављујукао субјект поступка, а не као објекат заштите.У раду се анализирају неки од предмета који се тичу права дјетета,а у којима је Европски суд заузео одређене ставове као стандарде посту-пања. Из анализиране праксе такође је видно да је Суд, вођен чињеницомда се ради о једној од најрањивијих категорија сваког друштва, у свакомод тих предмета примјењивао не само Европску конвенцију, већ и све рас-положиве инструменте заштите права дјетета на међународном нивоу.
КОРПОРАТИВНО УПРАВЉАЊЕ И ОСИГУРАЊE ОД ОДГОВОРНОСТИ ДИРЕКТОРА И ЧЛАНОВА УПРАВЕ
Authors: Даниловић Дамјан
Published: December 2019

Уговори којима се директори и чланови управа компа-нија осигуравају од одговорности за проузроковање штете начињенеуправљањем компанијама биљеже вишедеценијски развој. Са становиштаосигуравајућих компанија то је још један сегмент у оквиру пословне понудеодносно нови извор финансирања. Са становишта система корпоратив-ног управљања то је један од инструмената корпоративног управљања,који је у различитим развојним фазама имао и различиту улогу. Аутор себави утицајем ових уговора на систем корпоративног управљања, ана-лизирајући неке од позитивних ефеката, али се првенствено анализирајунегативни ефекти осигурања у контексту стварања сметњи за пости-зање циљева корпоративног управљања.
Эрик Краг: студенческие годы в советской России
Authors: Lönngren Tamara
Published: December 2019

Erik Krag: his student years in Soviet Russia

Erik Krag was the first Norwegian professor of Slavic literatures. The artic­­le Erik Krag: his student years in Soviet Russiapresents earlier un­known and un­pub­lished facts about his stays, including the chronological frames, in Moscow and Leningrad as a young student. These facts are evident from archive material, deposited in Oslo, Moscow and St Peters­burg. The article also demonstrates that the founder of the yaphetic theory N. Ya. Marr showed interest in the young Nor­wegian scholar.
Are There Analytical Adjectives in Russian?
Authors: Sokolova Svetlana , Edberg Bjørg Helene
Published: December 2019

In the scholarly literature there has been a discussion on whether modern Russian is developing more analytical tendencies, with special attention to new nominal compounds such as VIP-zal 'VIP lounge', veb- stranica ‘web page’. Traditionally, such units are described in terms of “analytical adjectives”, which covers all nominal non-inflectional units related to a head noun (Panov 1960, 1971). The data analyzed in this article suggest that what has previously been described as “analytical adjectives” constitutes at least three different patterns: 1) nominal [N[N]] compounds that roughly represent two groups: type (a) where the first component (modifier) should be a loan word (units like internet, veb, top, etc., the head noun of such compounds can be of Russian origin); type (b) where the second component (head noun) tends to be a loan word, whereas the modifier can be of Russian origin (this type is characteristic of names and titles like Gorbačev-fond ‘The Gorbachev foundation’) 2) appositions that mostly include abbreviations and names of styles and can be used both pre-positionally and post-positionally to the head noun (units like VIP); 3) a contracted pattern (potential stump compounds, or blends, like internacional-sem’ja from the inflectional adjective internacional’nyj ‘international’ and the noun semja ‘family’). The third pattern was productive in Soviet discourse (cf. zapčasti from zap[asnyje] ‘replacement’ časti ‘parts’) and seems to be regaining productivity. The presence of these three patterns affects not only the system of Russian word-formation but also the Russian grammatical system in general, since it evokes various intermediate cases between adjectives and compounding elements. We present a very general overview of the aforementioned patterns based on the data from a corpus study, an Internet study and a linguistic experiment.
Marionetki Cypriana Norwida a ich polsko- i anglojęzyczne wykonanie przez Czesława Niemena
Authors: Brajerska-Mazur Agata
Published: December 2019

Niemenowska anglojęzyczna interpretacja „Marionetek” Cypriana Norwida różni się zarówno od polskojęzycznego wykonania utworu przez muzyka w 1973 roku, jak i od tekstu oryginału. Ich odmienność została pokazana w artykule dzięki szczegółowej i wielofazowej analizie – najpierw samego oryginału, potem tłumaczenia Norwidowego wiersza dokonanego przez Pawła Brodowskiego, następnie zaś wykonania wspomnianego przekładu przez Niemena na winylowej płycie Ode to Venus, które porównano z wcześniejszym nagraniem utworu Norwida na albumie Niemen vol. 2. Teksty oryginału i przekładu zbadano i zestawiono za pomocą metody kateny, natomiast ich muzyczne wykonania przy użyciu praw i zasad Petera Lowa, Johana Franzona i Andrew Kelly’ego
Leksemy gwarowe jako modne komponenty onimiczne
Authors: Łuc Izabela
Published: December 2019

W artykule opisano zjawisko mody onimicznej związanej z komercyjną próbą wyzyskania cech i właściwości leksemów gwary górnośląskiej jako komponentów nazw użytkowych promujących przestrzeń subregionu. Uwzględniając złożony polisystem perswazyjnych uwarunkowań, nazwy te opisano z perspektywy kognitywnej (teorii pól znaczeniowych), lingwistyki kulturowej, socjolingwistyki i pragmalingwistyki.
Sipha maydissensitivity to defences ofLolium multiflorumand its endophytic fungusEpichloëoccultans
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Martínez-Ghersa Maria Alejandra , Newman Jonathan A. , Card Stuart D. , Mace Wade J. , Gundel Pedro E.
Published: December 2019

Background

Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to defend from herbivores. These defence responses are regulated by plant hormones including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Sometimes, plant defences can be complemented by the presence of symbiotic microorganisms. A remarkable example of this are grasses establishing symbiotic associations withEpichloëfungal endophytes. We studied the level of resistance provided by the grass’ defence hormones, and that provided byEpichloëfungal endophytes, against an introduced herbivore aphid. These fungi protect their hosts against herbivores by producing bioactive alkaloids. We hypothesized that either the presence of fungal endophytes or the induction of the plant salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway would enhance the level of resistance of the grass to the aphid.

Methods

Lolium multiflorumplants, with and without the fungal endophyteEpichloë occultans, were subjected to an exogenous application of SA followed by a challenge with the aphid,Sipha maydis.

Results

Our results indicate that neither the presence ofE. occultansnor the induction of the plant’s SA pathway regulateS. maydispopulations. However, endophyte-symbiotic plants may have been more tolerant to the aphid feeding because these plants produced more aboveground biomass. We suggest that this insect insensitivity could be explained by a combination between the ineffectiveness of the specific alkaloids produced byE. occultansin controllingS. maydisaphids and the capacity of this herbivore to deal with hormone-dependent defences ofL. multiflorum.
Fei Changfang’s Treatment of Sengyou’s Anonymous Texts
Authors: Radich Michael
Published: December 2019

The catalogue entitled Lidai sanbao ji T2034, completed in 598, exerted a profound influence on the shape of the Chinese Buddhist canon. It also features a large number of new ascriptions for canonical texts. Subsequent tradition and modern scholarship have repeatedly found these ascriptions profoundly problematic. Scholarly opinion has been divided about whether the author, Fei Changfang, faithfully reported these suspect ascriptions from other sources (subsequently lost), or was himself their originator. This study analyzes three highly suspect patterns in the treatment of new ascriptions in the Lidai sanbao ji: 1) New ascriptions to the same supposed translator are arbitrarily assigned in batches to titles appearing in delimited, contiguous portions of much longer lists of anonymous texts in the earlier Chu sanzang ji ji. 2) Contradictory information is repeatedly given about the same titles in different parts of the work. 3) Information about titles affected by these two problems is ascribed to an implausibly wide range of earlier catalogues. These three patterns affect numerous separate portions of the Lidai sanbao ji. The Lidai sanbao ji, and not its putative earlier sources, is therefore the common denominator―the bottleneck where these problems collect. The most economical and plausible interpretation is that Fei himself was falsifying his information, whether deliberately or by a rather extreme scholarly negligence. These findings make it all the more imperative to critically evaluate all ascriptions appearing for the first time in the Lidai sanbao ji, including a large number of ascriptions still followed in the canon as it is used today.
Jadal and Qiyās in the Fifth/Eleventh Century
Authors: Siddiqui Sohaira
Published: December 2019

In an exchange preserved in al-Subkī’s (d . 771/1370) Ṭabaqāt al-shāfiʿiyya, the jurists al-Juwaynī (d . 478/1085) and al-Shīrāzī (d . 476/1083) debate equating prayer time to prayer direction in regard to the validity of prayer, and the adult virgin to the adult nonvirgin in regard to consent . While the dispute between the two scholars is on seemingly innocuous legal issues, it reveals that despite adherence to the same Shāfiʿī legal school, the two hold contrasting positions on the specifics of analogical reasoning (qiyās) . By examining the differences in their doctrines on qiyās and their approaches to dialectics (jadal), this article demonstrates that al-Juwaynī is more willing to use qiyās, especially its weaker forms, and make nontextual legal arguments, while al-Shīrāzī is more wary in his use of qiyās, leading him to reject its weaker forms and nontextual arguments . By tracing the differences in their qiyās doctrines through their works on jadal and exploring the differing dialectics used in the two debates, this article examines the connection between qiyās and jadal, intra-school jadal, and the various approaches to qiyās in the fifth/eleventh century .
NIETZSCHE E O PROCEDIMENTO GENEALÓGICO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Nicolay Deniz Alcione
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo inicial refutar a polarização midiática, discursiva e conceitual que, há alguns anos, tem minado o solo da educação no Brasil. Nesse sentido, procura traçar rotas de fuga, frentes de combate, estratégias de resistência ao achatamento do campo profissional docente.  Para isso, delineia viés metodológico inspirado no conceito de genealogia do filósofo Nietzsche. Por meio desse conceito, pretende revitalizar os significados e sentidos da prática de pesquisa sobre o ensino básico. Por fim, acredita que a mudança de perspectiva epistemológica passa pela compreensão da dinâmica das forças curriculares e pela formação permanente do professor.
MUSIC AS NOMAD RESEARCH
Authors: Stover Chris
Published: December 2019

This essay uses the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of the war machine to develop a way of thinking about research-creation, following Erin Manning’s suggestion that the latter—as a hyphenated compound structure—can function as a knowledge-producing act on its own terms, as a ‘making as thinking’. After considering several examples of musical processes that exemplify this concept (as nomadic conjunctions with ‘State’ apparatuses that rearrange the latter as new knowledge-producing expressions), it engages two moments from Benjamin Boretz’s Language ,as a music as an example of an original expression of research-creation that operates between music and verbal discourse. It closes by considering how this shift in thinking can function as a potent form of radical pedagogy.KEY WORDS: Benjamin Boretz. Carolyn Shaw. Musical composition. Nomad. Research-creation. War machine.
A ARTE DE INVENTAR MAPAS: CARTOGRANDO SUBJETIVAÇÕES EM UM PESQUISAR
Authors: Rodrigues Carla Gonçalves , Schwantz Josimara Wikboldt , Osório Lisandra Berni
Published: December 2019

Nosso objetivo é apresentar duas pesquisas qualitativas com abordagem cartográfica em Educação, as quais acompanham os processos de subjetivação de suas personagens. Amparamo-nos nas transformações de uma pedagoga em seu percurso no aprender inventivo em Oficinas de Escrileituras; e pelas mudanças na prática Clínica de uma psicóloga que percorre modos subjetivos de universitários. Navegamos pelo fluxo sensível do método, por meio do movimento do pensamento e desenhando aquilo que Deleuze e Guattari denominam de mapas: percursos pelos quais são produzidos, construídos, desmontados, modificáveis com suas variadas entradas e saídas. Dessa forma, desenhamos um espaço composto por trajetos e afectos que produzem outras formas do fazer docente e de um processo terapêutico, nas sendas de uma escuta e um olhar sensíveis ao mundo contemporâneo.
Evaluation of Extension Training Program on Small-Scale Poultry and Rabbit Production Projects at Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Elkashef Ola M. S.
Published: December 2019

Aims: This study was undertaken to measure the efficacy of an extension training program associated with small-scale poultry and rabbit production projects in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.

Study Design: The study was applied using two levels of the Donald L Kirkpatrick model through Action Research approach. The presented content of training program to trainees included important knowledge and skills of three topics which are broilers, ducks and rabbits to success small-scale production projects.

Place and Duration of Study: 52 trainees were considered as a purposive sample, who attended all sessions of the extension training program in the agricultural administration at Khurshid, Alexandria Governorate, during April 2018.

Methodology: A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from participants before and after implementation of the training program to measure approval level of trainees toward the training program elements and their knowledge and skills level.

Results: The results revealed that majority (61.53%) of trainees had medium level of acceptance towards the extension training program components. Consequently, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge and skills levels of trainees after executing the extension program concerning broilers, ducks and rabbits production for promoting small- scale production projects. Findings also showed that deficiency of knowledge and experience related to poultry production, insufficient extension training programs, unavailability of proper site for establishing the project and getting its licenses, non-provision of capital and lack of veterinary services, in that order, were the most severe constraints of trainees affecting poultry production projects.

Conclusion: This training program succeeded by increasing and improving the knowledge and skills of participants regarding poultry and rabbits production, which reflect on encouraging them to establish such income-raising projects.
Antinutritional Factors and Aminoacids Content Comparison with Different Processing Methods of Balanites aegyptiaca in Formulated Broiler Diets
Authors: Abdullahi Idris , Omage James , Abeke Francis Ojariafe , Kayode Omotugba, Stephen , Al-Habib Ibrahim Kailani , Rufina Okeke Obioma , Lawal Abbas Mariya
Published: December 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing methods on the antinutrients and amino acids composition of Balanites aegyptiaca. The durations for soaking, roasting and fermentation were 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to determine the optimal duration of inclusion of processed Balanites aegyptica. Raw and processed samples were analysed for amino acids composition and anti-nutritional factors.The trial showed a linear increase in processing duration resulted into a decrease in the concentration of antinutritional factors. Raw Balanites aegyptica had higher concentration of concentration of amino acid than the soaked and boiled Balanites aegyptica. Soaking, fermentation and boiling up to 96 hours reduced the antinutritional components of Balanite aegyptica. Percentage reduction of anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptica. fruit meal was best at 96 hours of soaking and fermentation and 60 minutes of boiling and roasting. All anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptiaca fruit meal showed remarkable reduction post processing. In all processing methods, results showed that anti-nutrients in the Balanites aegyptiaca reduced up to the maximum durations of processing (96 hours and 60 minutes). It was therefore advisable to include  Balanites aegyptiaca upto 96 hours in the diets of broiler birds.
Testing the Robustness of Linear Programming* Using a Diet Problem on a Multi-Shop System
Authors: Appiah Sampson Takyi , Adjei Bernard Atta , Otoo Dominic , Okyere Eric
Published: December 2019

Time, raw materials and labour are some of the nite resources in the world. Due to this, Linear Programming* (LP) is adopted by key decision-markers as an innovative tool to wisely consume these resources. This paper test the strength of linear programming models and presents an optimal solution to a diet problem on a multi-shop system formulated as linear, integer linear and mixed-integer linear programming models. All three models gave different least optimal values, that is, in linear programming, the optimal cost was GHS15.26 with decision variables being continuous (R+) and discrete (Z+). The cost increased to GHS17.50 when the models were formulated as mixed-integer linear programming with decision variables also being continuous (R+) and discrete (Z+) and lastly GHS17.70 for integer linear programming with discrete (Z+) decision variables. The difference in optimal cost for the same problem under different search spaces sufficiently establish that, in programming, the search space undoubtedly affect the optimal value. Applications to most problems like the diet and scheduling problems periodically require both discrete and continuous decision variables. This makes integer and mixed-integer linear programming models also an effective way of solving most problems. Therefore, Linear Programming* is applicable to numerous problems due to its ability to provide different required solutions.
Evaluation of the Impact of Five Bio-insecticides of Plant Origin and a Chemical Insecticide on the Survival of Imagos of the Parasitoid Aphidius colemani under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kaoutar Fahad , Najiba Brhadda , Rabea Ziri , El Hassane Benssallem , Najib Gmira
Published: December 2019

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the control pests without the harms of chemical pesticides as well as ensure the safety of bio-insecticides of plant origin vis a vis females of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, important auxiliary in biological control.

Study Design: Experimental device was in a complete random block with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Bio-insecticidal Entomology and Laboratory of weed science of Regional Center of Agricultural Research, Kenitra, INRA-Morocco and Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environment. Biodiversity and agro resources team Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences Kenitra Morocco. The experiment was conducted between the fall of 2018 (from September to December 2018) and the winter of 2019 (January-February 2019).

Methodology: To meet the objective of this work, four endemic plants were collected from the Gharb region of Morocco; these are the leaves of Nerium oleander that are available all year, the roots of Mandragora autumnalis, the fruits of Capsicum frutescens, and those of Melia azedarach these organs are well developed with complete maturity during the fall and winter. The fruits of Melia azedarach have been separated into seeds and pulps. Five concentrations of each aqueous extract were prepared (2; 5; 10; 15 and 20 g / 20 ml). In addition to control without any treatment (blanc) and a chemical insecticide (deltamethrin). All concentrations were administered by contact to females of Aphidius colemani.

Results: Comparing the bio-insecticides tested, the aqueous extract of the seed of Melia azedarach showed an insecticidal action that was the fastest and the most toxic. Thus, following exposure of 20 g/20 ml, the observation after 4 hours showed a minimum mortality rate of 3% and a maximum mortality rate of 50%, 96 hours after. This extract was followed by the aqueous extract of the leaves of Nerium oleander that showed a maximum mortality rate of 43%. However, their harmfulness remains much lower than that of deltamethrin. In addition, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis has proved to be safe for females of Aphidius colemani. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of the fruits of Capsicum frutescens and that of the pulp of Melia azedarach are moderately toxic.

Conclusion: By way of conclusion, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis could be used as an insecticide in parallel with the release of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, in a biological control.
How Effectively Value Engineering Practices are Being Implemented in Qatar on Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Irshad Zeeshan
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Value Engineering (VE) practices being used in Qatar mainly on infrastructure projects. This study will further explore the deficiencies in adopted overall VE processes and subsequently recommend the solutions to overcome current problems or difficulties.

To conduct this study a mixed method approach was adopted, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative date. Survey questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative date and it was sent to 72 professionals belongs to different construction groups currently involved on infrastructure projects in Qatar. Semi structured interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative date. Interviews were conducted with 06 professionals working as value engineer on different infrastructure projects in Qatar to obtain further practical information about VE processes in Qatar and know about the real difficulties they encountered.

This research reveals that the value engineering processes being used in Qatar are in line with international standards set by the SAVE International. This study further reveals that only 5 percent to 7 percent cost savings are being achieved on infrastructure projects in Qatar. This is in addition to the improvements in HSE, quality and time of project. 

However, where this study has shown cost benefits from VE implementation, it also highlighted that significant improvement is required to extend the cost benefits from 7 percent to maximum 12 percent for which VE is known without compromising on functionality and quality requirements. This is a clear indication that current practices need to be improved. The identified improvements include starting VE process at the end of preliminary design stage, more involvement of clients and by considering whole life cycle costs of the projects by introduction of sustainable, environment friendly and innovative alternatives design solutions and construction materials.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 inhibits the translational repressor 4E‐BP1 to promote cap‐dependent translation during mitosis–G1 transition
Authors: Mitchell Dylan C. , Menon Arya , Garner Amanda L.
Published: December 2019

Phosphorylation of translational repressor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) controls the initiation of cap‐dependent translation, a type of protein synthesis that is frequently upregulated in human diseases such as cancer. Because of its critical cellular function, it is not surprising that multiple kinases can post‐translationally modify 4E‐BP1 to drive aberrant cap‐dependent translation. We recently reported a site‐selective chemoproteomic method for uncovering kinase–substrate interactions, and using this approach, we discovered the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)4 as a new 4E‐BP1 kinase. Herein, we describe our extension of this work and reveal the role of CDK4 in modulating 4E‐BP1 activity in the transition from mitosis to G1, thereby demonstrating a novel role for this kinase in cell cycle regulation.
Brothers Grimm: From the Oral to the Literary and Beyond
Authors: Wilcox Brandy E.
Published: December 2019

This contribution explores the work of the Brothers Grimm and their worldwide influence from the nineteenth century to today. Focusing primarily on theKinder‐ und Hausmärchen(Children's and Household Tales, also referred to as the KHM), this chapter provides biographical information on the Grimms' lives in the context of how their history and political standing influenced their work. Because of their dedication to the Germanic culture and traditions, the KHM was originally meant to record and preserve the cultural goods and oral history of the German‐speaking people. However, in the past 200 years, the tales have grown beyond that initial purpose, influencing research in history, linguistics, anthropology, and psychology while also being repurposed and redistributed through modern translations, Walt Disney Studios, and other film adaptations. These retellings and translations serve as reflections of the cultures into which they have traveled and reemerged as world literature.
Natsume Sōseki: A Japanese Writer's Global Literary Community of Grief
Authors: Tansman Alan
Published: December 2019

Japan's most important modern novelist, Natsume Sōseki, emerged in the early twentieth century as one of the world's first global writers, creating out of all available world literature and thought – written in Japanese, Chinese, and European languages – a set of extraordinary experimental novels and one of literature's first scientific theories of literature. Sōseki gave birth to the modern Japanese literary imagination, and continues to this day to embody the sorrows and perils of that work.
To the Frontier of the Mind: Shen Congwen and World Literature
Authors: Xiao Jiwei
Published: December 2019

One of the most original modern Chinese writers, Shen Congwen is best known for his “native‐soil” stories set in his hometown region of West Hunan. There is, however, an international dimension to Shen's literary regionalism in terms of influence and inspiration. More important, if Shen Congwen deserves a fellowship with other prominent writers of local‐color fiction in the realm of world literature, it would be owing less to the regional and social issues he writes about than to the innovative ways he modernizes traditional Chinese aesthetics to push his literary exploration of these issues from the geographical frontier to the frontier of the human psyche. The fact that Shen gives psychologically complex leading roles to rural characters and those from the lower classes of society makes his writing all the more subversive.