bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly‐p‐phenylenevinylene‐g‐poly(2‐(methacryloyloxy)Ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PPV‐g‐PMETAC): A fluorescent, water‐soluble, selective anion sensor
Authors: Damavandi Mona , Pilkington Lisa I. , Malmström Jenny , Whitehead Kathryn A. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Barker David
Published: August 2018

The photophysical and ion‐sensing properties of densely grafted conjugated polymer poly‐p‐phenylenevinylene‐g‐poly(2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PPV‐g‐PMETAC) are presented herein. The grafted polymer exhibits excellent iodide‐sensing which is easily observed using fluorescence spectroscopy. The iodide detection limit for PPV‐g‐PMETAC was found to be 10 nM and was independent of temperature and pH <12. The change in fluorescence of PPV‐g‐PMETAC, upon exposure to iodide, was attributed to polymer aggregation due to changes in the morphology of the grafted PMETAC side chains, which was observed using atomic force microscopic and dynamic light scattering studies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1997–2003
Synthesis of reactive three‐arm star‐shaped oligoimides with narrow molecular weight distribution
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander A. , Soldatova Anastasiya E. , Tokmashev Roman Yu. , Tsegelskaya Anna Yu. , Semenova Galina K. , Shakhnes Alexander Kh. , Abramov Igor G.
Published: August 2018

Series of star‐shaped three arms oligoimides (SOI) with terminal amino groups with narrow MWD ((Mw/Mn = 1.1–2) was synthesized by the one‐stage high‐temperature polycondensation in molten benzoic acid at 140 °C. The (B3+AB′) approach with the “slow addition of monomer” method was used for this synthesis, where B3 is 2,4,6‐tris(4‐aminophenoxy)toluene and AB′ is 3‐aminophenoxy phthalic acid. The SOI arm's length was controlled by the AB′/B3 mole ratio of 10:1, 20:1, 40:1, and 100:1. By the reaction of SOI's terminal amino groups with acetic anhydride, corresponding acetamide derivatives were obtained. SOI synthesized are soluble in selected organic solvents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2004–2009
Different dimensions of religiousness/spirituality are associated with health behaviors in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Park Crystal L. , Waddington Emily , Abraham Rachel
Published: August 2018

Objective

Religiousness/spirituality (R/S) may influence cancer survivors' health through multiple pathways. We aimed to examine one potentially key pathway that has seldom been examined: relationships between survivors' R/S and their health behaviors.

Methods

The present study investigated links between four core dimensions of R/S (beliefs, behaviors, identity, and coping) and three health behaviors (fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, and maintenance of a healthy weight) in 172 breast cancer survivors.

Results

Both spiritual identity and use of religious coping were positively related to fruit and vegetable intake, while private prayer was marginally positively related. Both service attendance and religious identity (marginally) were related to engaging in less physical activity, while private prayer was positively related. Afterlife beliefs and private prayer were positively associated with BMI.

Conclusions

R/S has complex but meaningful associations with health behaviors in breast cancer survivors. More research is needed to understand these relationships and to determine whether different dimensions of R/S may play useful roles in lifestyle change interventions.
Participation in a prostate cancer support group and health literacy
Authors: Haack Marius , Kofahl Christopher , Kramer Silke , Seidel Gabriele , von dem Knesebeck Olaf , Dierks Marie‐Luise
Published: August 2018

Background

To cope with prostate cancer (PC) and its consequences and to be certain about therapeutic alternatives, some patients seek mutual help in prostate cancer support groups (PCSGs), where they share information and find social support. Our study was intended to assess whether group participation is associated with health literacy (HL).

Methods

We compared PCSG members (n = 441) with PC patients without support group experiences (n = 135) in a cross‐sectional design. For this purpose, HL was operationalized through PC‐specific knowledge, noncancer‐specific knowledge about health care, guideline awareness, and skills needed to apply health information to meet own needs. Binary logistic regression models were calculated. Socio‐demographic data and disease‐related characteristics were used as control variables.

Results

Knowledge about PC (OR, 2.2; CI, 1.3‐3.7), the fact of having heard of guidelines (OR, 3.7; CI, 2.1‐6.8) and having read one (OR, 5.1; CI, 2.8‐9.4), and competencies regarding health service navigation (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.0‐3.1) are associated with PCSG membership. No statistically significant associations could be found between PCSG membership and further skills questioned, as well as between membership and knowledge about noncancer‐specific health care.

Conclusion

PCSG membership is associated with HL in some areas only. In particular, the groups seem to provide an important platform for information exchange in the field of PC. The potentially conflicting results on PC knowledge and the application skills may arise from the different forms of measurement—knowledge was tested; skills were self‐assessed.
An Efficient Synthesis of New Azide‐Nitrato‐Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene by NaN3 and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
Authors: Ghayeni Hamid Reza , Razeghi Reza , Olyaei Abolfazl , Roosta Saeed Tavangar
Published: August 2018

This article reports way to functionalize hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) backbone by sodium azide and ceric ammonium nitrate, resulting in the formation of novel azide‐nitrato‐HTPB. In order to optimization of the effective parameters on the synthesis of azide‐nitrato‐HTPB, the starting material concentration, reaction time and temperature were investigated and the effect of these parameters on the azido‐nitrato functionalization of double bonds on HTPB backbone was evaluated. The functionalized HTPB by azidation (7.15 %) and nitration (5.17 %) showed viscosity of 17.6 Pa s−1, number average molecular weight of 2980 g mol−1 and hydroxyl value of 34 mg KOH per g.
Integrated risk management of hazardous processing facilities
Authors: Song Guozheng , Khan Faisal , Yang Ming
Published: August 2018

Processing facilities handling large amounts of hazardous substances are attractive targets for terrorists. Thus, these work sites are exposed not only to accidents but also to intentional threats. Some research has separately studied risk caused by either potential accidental events or terrorist acts. However, studies focusing on integrated risk assessment and management (dealing with both safety and security issues) are lacking. This paper proposes an approach to assess and manage integrated risks. This method is based on an influence diagram which incorporates safety and security‐related factors into one framework. It considers the effects of management actions on both accidental and intentional risks. This method can help to detect hidden risk (i.e., the risk not recognized during design and operation stages) and ensure to reduce the real risk to an acceptable level by guiding the selection of management actions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using the overfilling risk management of an oil tank. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 38: 42–51, 2019
Semimechanistic Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict the Drug–Drug Interaction Between S‐ketamine and Ticlopidine in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad W. , Peltoniemi Marko A. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Saari Teijo I.
Published: August 2018

Low‐dose oral S‐ketamine is increasingly used in chronic pain therapy, but extensive cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated metabolism makes it prone to pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). In our study, concentration‐time data from five studies were used to develop a semimechanistic model that describes the ticlopidine‐mediated inhibition of S‐ketamine biotransformation. A mechanistic model was implemented to account for reversible and time‐dependent hepatic CYP2B6 inactivation by ticlopidine, which causes elevated S‐ketamine exposure in vivo. A pharmacokinetic model was developed with gut wall and hepatic clearances for S‐ketamine, its primary metabolite norketamine, and ticlopidine. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach was used (NONMEM version 7.3.0), and the final model was evaluated with visual predictive checks and the sampling‐importance‐resampling procedure. Our final model produces biologically plausible output and demonstrates that ticlopidine is a strong inhibitor of CYP2B6 mediated S‐ketamine metabolism. Simulations from our model may be used to evaluate chronic pain therapy with S‐ketamine.
Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth‐Doped Sol‐Gel‐Derived Phosphosilicate Glasses
Authors: El Hamzaoui Hicham , Kinowski Christophe , Razdobreev Igor , Cassez Andy , Bouwmans Géraud , Prochet Benoit , Capoen Bruno , Bouazaoui Mohamed
Published: August 2018

Bismuth‐doped glasses are attractive materials for the development of new optical amplifiers and tunable laser sources. In this paper, Bi‐doped phosphosilicate glasses are prepared using the sol‐doping technique in combination with shaping using cold isostatic pressing. After a first drawing at high temperature (2000 °C), the obtained glass cane presents a wide near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence band under visible excitation. The authors show that this NIR optical activity, connected to phosphorus center, is preserved after a second drawing into a conventional optical fiber. These results confirm the potentialities of this synthesis approach for the fabrication of Bi‐activated optical fibers.
Aesthetically Pleasing, Visible Light Transmissive, Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using a BODIPY Derivative
Authors: Brzeczek‐Szafran Alina , Richards Christopher J. , Lopez Vanessa M. , Wagner Pawel , Nattestad Andrew
Published: August 2018

A visible light transmitting BODIPY derivative with an emission peak at 604 nm and quantum yield of 64% is incorporated into a PMMA matrix, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), suitable for “power window” applications. A Monte Carlo modeling platform is shown to be useful firstly to tune device performance, but also to give direction to future synthetic efforts. From this an 4 mm thick LSC of (100 × 100 mm) is shown to have optical efficiency of ≈3.3%.
Li4C4H2N2: A molecule with large hyperpolarizabilities and electride characteristic
Authors: Oliveira Igor M. , Castro Marcos A. , Leão Salviano A. , Fonseca Tertius L. , Pontes Renato B.
Published: August 2018

We design and systematically investigate the structural stability, electrical, and optical properties of a novel molecule named Li4C4H2N2 with electride characteristic. This molecule is obtained from pyridazine by replacing the two hydrogens opposed to the nitrogens by two lithium atoms and introducing other two lithium atoms bonded to the nitrogens. Dipole moment, polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizabilities, binding energies, excitation energies, and oscillator strengths of the Li4C4H2N2 molecule were computed at the coupled cluster with single and double excitations level through response theory. The binding energies of the lithium atoms to the nitrogens are larger than 70 kcal/mol, evidencing the high stability of the molecule investigated. The most representative results for β and γ are a.u. and a.u., respectively, indicating that this molecule has potential for application in nonlinear optical devices.
Two classes of heterocycles—6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and cyclopentenols from the same reagents: A quantum‐chemical comparison of mechanism
Authors: Vitkovskaya Nadezhda M. , Orel Vladimir B. , Kobychev Vladimir B. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: August 2018

Most of the strategies for the synthesis of 6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (BCO) and cyclopentenols (CP), which show high biological and pharmaceutical activity, are multistage and/or require hardly accessible starting materials and catalysts. The general method for BCO and CP preparation in a single preparative stage from two simple reagents, ketones and acetylene, under the action of an available super‐basic catalytic system KOH/DMSO becomes promising for the development of general approaches to the design of these classes of biologically active compounds. The mechanism of competing reactions yielding both 7‐methylene‐6.8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]‐octanes and functionalized cyclopentenoles from their common intermediate 1,5‐diketones and acetylene in the KOH/DMSO superbasic media is investigated using the B2PLYP/6‐311++G**//B3LYP/6‐31+G* calculations with particular attention to the diastereoselectivity aspects of individual stages.
Modified composite nonlinear feedback control for output tracking of nonstep signals in singular systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Jafari E. , Binazadeh T.
Published: August 2018

This paper considers output tracking of nonstep reference signals for multi‐input multi‐output singular systems subject to actuator saturation and external disturbances. Singularity of the system alongside the actuator saturation constraint and external disturbances adds more complexity to stability analysis and controller design than normal systems. Moreover, the problem of output tracking of nonstep reference signals in singular systems via the composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control law is not studied so far in the literature, and this article will investigate this problem for the first time by proposing the modified CNF control law. For this purpose, first, a singular reference generator system is constructed to produce the desired nonstep reference signal. Then, the dynamical error system is obtained by defining a new state vector as the tracking error and augmenting it to the main system. Different parts of the modified CNF control law are designed afterwards. Due to complexities caused by the singularity of the system and the saturation constraint, detailed mathematical calculations are done. In this regard, a theorem is given that guarantees the tracking problem for three different cases of the saturation function. Moreover, the given theorem will investigate the uniform ultimate boundedness analysis of the tracking error in the face of external disturbances. Finally, the theoretical results are affirmed by computer simulations through three examples to verify the performance and applicability of the proposed control law.
On finite‐time robust stabilization via nonlinear state feedback
Authors: Zimenko K. , Polyakov A. , Efimov D.
Published: August 2018

A nonlinear control law is designed for finite‐time stabilization of a chain of integrators. The method is based on the implicit Lyapunov function technique and homogeneity properties. The scheme of control parameter selection is presented by a linear matrix inequality. The method is simple in implementation and does not assume an online procedure for the computation of the implicit Lyapunov function value at the current state that is an improvement with respect to the works of Polyakov et al. The control law is presented in an explicit form and allows finding the values of all control parameters that make the solution one of the most constructive. The theoretical results are supported by numerical examples.
Three‐year fade and inter‐fade duration statistics from the Q‐band Alphasat propagation experiment in Madrid
Authors: Pimienta‐del‐Valle Domingo , Riera José Manuel , Garcia‐del‐Pino Pedro , Siles Gustavo A.
Published: August 2018

Propagation campaigns are carried out at different frequencies and geographical areas to characterize the slant‐path propagation channel. One of the objectives of the Alphasat Propagation Experiment is to evaluate the performance of satellite links that operate in the Q/V band. Since March 2014, the copolar level of the Alphasat Q‐band beacon signal has been measured at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.

The fade dynamics—fade and inter‐fade durations—results for three complete years (March 2014 to February 2017) of measurements are presented in this paper. Moreover, the experimental setup and receiver characteristics are described in detail. The collected data (with a mean availability of 97%) can be used to evaluate the atmospheric propagation impairments with a very good degree of accuracy. The probability of occurrence and the fraction of time of fade duration for an average‐year have been compared with the ITU‐R and CRC models with moderate agreement. For this reason, a modeling effort has been made leading to the conclusion that there is room for improvement in the models.
Reliably picking the best endpoint
Authors: Follmann Dean
Published: August 2018

Endpoint selection in clinical trials involves a variety of considerations. One important consideration is the sample size required to power a future clinical trial. In this work, we define the sample size ratio, θ, as the ratio of sample sizes required to power a future trial. We consider in detail the setting of continuous endpoints where a Welch's t‐statistic is used to analyze the data. We develop an estimator that depends on the squared ratio of estimated standardized treatment effects, and the quadrant on the plane in which they fall. We evaluate bootstrap and profile likelihood methods for construction of confidence intervals. Generalizations to other endpoints and testing of nonnested models are discussed. The methods are applied to analyze two different assays that measure antibody abundance using data from an Ebola vaccine field trial.
Borax Catalysed Domino Synthesis of Highly Functionalised Spirooxindole and Chromenopyridine Derivatives: X‐Ray Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Molla Aniruddha , Ranjan Subham , Rao Mugada Sugunakara , Dar Arif Hassan , Shyam Mousumi , Jayaprakash Venkatesan , Hussain Sahid
Published: August 2018

Borax efficiently catalysed the synthesis of a series of spirooxindole and chromeno[2, 3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives in domino fashion via Knoevenagel condensation followed by Michael addition. This synthetic scheme is operationally simple, affording excellent yield and can be considered as an approach towards ‘green chemistry’. In‐silico docking studies of the synthesized molecules were carried to investigate the anti‐tumor activity and to predict its binding affinity and orientation at the active site of human anaplastic lymphoma protein (Protein Data Bank (PDB): 2xp2). Molecular docking studies indicated that 2‐amino‐5′‐chloro‐7,7‐dimethyl‐2′,5‐dioxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrospiro[chromene‐4, 3′‐indoline]‐3‐carbonitrile (1 e) and 2′‐amino‐5‐chloro‐2,5′‐dioxo‐5′H‐spiro[indoline‐3, 4′‐pyrano[3, 2‐c]chromene]‐3′‐carbonitrile (2 b) appeared to show strong interactions at the receptor active site with predicted binding energy of −8.47 kcal/mol and −9.19 kcal/mol respectively. A detailed analysis of topology of the compounds 1 e and 2 b were also determined by X‐ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surface analysis to get an insight of the packing and intermolecular interactions in their molecular structure.
Nitrogen Codoped Unique Carbon with 0.4 nm Ultra‐Micropores for Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Junshuang , Hou Li , Luan Sunrui , Zhu Jinlong , Gou Huiyang , Wang Dong , Gao Faming
Published: August 2018

A full understanding of ion transport in porous carbon electrodes is essential for achieving effective energy storage in their applications as electrochemical supercapacitors. It is generally accepted that pores in the size range below 0.5 nm are inaccessible to electrolyte ions and lower the capacitance of carbon materials. Here, nitrogen‐doped carbon with ultra‐micropores smaller than 0.4 nm with a narrow size distribution, which represents the first example of electrode materials made entirely from ultra‐microporous carbon, is prepared. An in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique to study the effects of the ultra‐micropores on charge storage in supercapacitors is used. It is found that ultra‐micropores smaller than 0.4 nm are accessible to small electrolyte ions, and the area capacitance of obtained sample reaches the ultrahigh value of 330 µF cm−2, significantly higher than that of previously reported carbon‐based materials. The findings provide a better understanding of the correlation between ultra‐micropore structure and capacitance and open new avenues for design and development of carbon materials for the next generation of high energy density supercapacitors.
Assessing the effects of the Mexican Drug War on economic growth: An empirical analysis
Authors: Bel Germà , Holst Maximilian
Published: August 2018

Mexican President Felipe Calderón took office in December 2006. From the outset, his government deployed an aggressive security policy to fight drug trafficking organizations in what became known as the “Mexican Drug War.” The policy earned considerable criticism since a heavy number of unintended casualties resulted from the frontal assault waged against the drug cartels. In this article, we evaluate the effects of the Mexican Drug War on Mexican states’ economic growth. To do so, we study the effects of the rise in the homicide rate and changes in a state‐level approximation of the military budget on economic growth. Using dynamic panel data econometrics, we find that while the growth in the number of homicides had negative and significant effects on state GDP growth, state military expenditures aimed at fighting drug trafficking had a positive and significant effect on the per capita economic growth rate.
Time‐aware service recommendation: Taxonomy, review, and challenges
Authors: Mezni Haithem , Fayala Mayssa
Published: August 2018

Nowadays, a huge number of available Web services offer the same functionalities and a high quality of service, which makes the selection of suitable services a difficult task. In such situation, the services must be differentiated by additional criteria such as users' ratings. To meet this goal, recommendation techniques become a natural choice to cope with the challenging task of optimal service selection and to help consumers satisfy their needs and preferences. However, most existing models on service recommendation are static, whereas in the real world, the perception and popularity of Web services may continually change, and users' preferences and habits also shift frequently. Time is becoming an increasingly important factor in recommender systems, since time effects influence users' preferences to a large extent. In addition, quality‐of‐service performance of Web services is strongly linked to the service status and network environments, which are variable against time. Recently, a wide range of service recommendation approaches, dealing with the time dimension in user modeling and recommendation strategies, have been proposed. Thus, the purpose of this survey is to present a comprehensive study and analysis of the state‐of‐the‐art on time‐aware service recommendation. We identify the techniques used in recommender systems to provide the best services. Moreover, we present a classification of time‐aware recommender systems based on the target recommendation time, the type of relationship between users, and the type of feedback. Besides, we present a comparison between time‐aware recommendation approaches, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, challenges and requirements of time‐aware service recommendation as well as the future directions are identified according to the studied approaches.
TosKer: A synergy between TOSCA and Docker for orchestrating multicomponent applications
Authors: Brogi Antonio , Rinaldi Luca , Soldani Jacopo
Published: August 2018

How to flexibly manage complex applications across heterogeneous cloud platforms is one of the main concerns in today's IT enterprise. The OASIS standard TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) and the Docker ecosystem are two emerging solutions trying to address this problem from different perspectives. In this paper, we propose a solution that tries to synergically combine the pros of both TOSCA and of Docker. More precisely, we propose a TOSCA‐based representation for specifying the software components and the Docker containers forming an application. We also present TosKer, an engine for orchestrating the management of multicomponent applications based on the proposed TOSCA representation and on Docker. Finally, we illustrate how TosKer was fruitfully exploited in a concrete case study based on a third‐party application.
POE‐Δ: Towards an engineering framework for solving change problems
Authors: Markov Georgi , Hall Jon G. , Rapanotti Lucia
Published: August 2018

Many organizational problems are addressed through change to existing Information Systems (IT) rather than radical new design. In the face of high incidence of IT project failure, devising effective ways to tackle this type of change remains an open challenge. The paper discusses the motivation, theoretical foundation, characteristics and evaluation of a novel framework, referred to as POE‐Δ, which is rooted in design and engineering and is aimed at providing systematic support for representing, structuring and exploring change problems. We generalize an existing theory of greenfield design as problem solving for application to change problems: from a theoretical perspective POE‐Δ is a subset of its parent framework, allowing the seamless integration of greenfield and brownfield design to tackle change problems. Its initial case study evaluation shows that POE‐Δ allows the systematic analysis of change problems, leading to clearer understanding and better informed decision making. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systems Perspective for Conceptualizing Sustainability in Long‐lived Family Businesses. Research Proposals on Risk Taking and Innovativeness
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso , Della Volpe Maddalena
Published: August 2018

Sustainability has been interpreted in family business research as the outcome of typical organizational dynamics, such as a moderate aversion to risk and a lack of intent to innovate. Drawing on the systems theory, this study identifies the key drivers for a broader conceptualization of sustainability for family businesses, based on the interplay of three interacting systems. A multiple case study research design involving companies belonging to Les Henokiens (an association of bicentenary family businesses) has been conducted in this systemic conceptualization. Unlike the assumptions presented in other research, our proposals suggest that fluctuating levels of risk taking and propensity to innovate may be a management response that occurs when the equilibrium of these interacting systems is in danger. This study's contribution is that it validates the systems theory as the leading theoretical perspective in family business research, which may help overcome ‘management paradoxes’ resulting from the overlap of conflicting systems. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized extraction of secoiridoid glycosides from Gentianae radix by pressurized liquid extraction using a Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Chen Bao , Liu Zhengbo , Qu Di , Wang Yufang , Huo Xiaohui , Li Zhiman , Sun Yinshi
Published: August 2018

In this study, a Box–Behnken design was used to optimize experimental conditions for the pressurized liquid extraction of three secoiridoid glycosides (swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, and trifloroside) from Gentianae radix. Optimal conditions for the pressurized liquid extraction were determined through a carefully designed optimization process comprising two distinct stages: a single‐factor experiment followed by a Box–Behnken design. The optimized conditions involve a single 18‐min extraction cycle using 61% aqueous ethanol and a 3/5 (g/g) ratio of Gentianae radix to diatomite. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to determine experimental yields, which were consistent with the predicted values under optimized conditions. Consistently high yields over short extraction times were achieved with the optimized pressurized liquid extraction conditions, as compared to the results of comparative ultrasound‐assisted and Soxhlet extractions. The results demonstrate the multiple advantages of pressurized liquid extraction for the extraction of secoiridoid glycosides from Gentianae radix: reduced extraction times, convenient setup, and high extraction efficiency.
Neue Bahnbrücke Kattwyk
Authors: Stockmann Rico , Baur Tillmann
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Im Hamburger Hafen entsteht derzeit mit 130,85 m Hauptspannweite die größte Hubbrücke Deutschlands. Dieser Beitrag berichtet von Planung und Bau dieser zweigleisigen Eisenbahnbrücke.
Erweiterung der Zentralmensa der Universität Kassel
Authors: Maier Markus , Fischer Michael , Pietro Martin
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Die Erweiterung der Zentralmensa an der Universität in Kassel wurde als freischwebende Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktion über dem Wirtschaftshof entworfen. Die komplexe Maßnahme umfasst dabei besondere Detailplanungen an der Bestandskonstruktion, Tiefbauarbeiten, Stahlbetonkonstruktionen und Stahlbaumaßnahmen, so dass alle wesentlichen Fachdisziplinen in einer Baumaßnahme vereint wurden. Bereits zu Beginn der Vorplanung wurde dabei auf die Vorteile der BIM‐Modellierung zurückgegriffen, um die Verbindungen zwischen Bestandskonstruktion und Neubau sinnvoll zu erfassen.
Neue Wege im Verbundbrückenbau
Authors: Mansperger Tobias , Jung Rolf
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Die vergleichsweise junge Bauweise des Verbundbrückenbaus gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung und birgt gleichzeitig großes Innovationspotenzial.

Einige innovative Konstruktionsweisen für die Querschnittgestaltung von Brücken in allen Spannweitenbereichen beruhen auf dem Prinzip, den Stahlbauteil als Hohlkastenkonstruktionen auszuführen und diese mit Betonhalbfertigteilen zu ergänzen. Dadurch entstehen bereits im Bauzustand robuste Konstruktionen mit hohem Vorfertigungsgrad, die es erlauben, auf Schalkonstruktionen zu verzichten. Sonderkonstruktionen mit Mittelträgern, deren Obergurte über der Fahrbahnebene verlaufen, eignen sich für einteilige Überbauten für beide Richtungsfahrbahnen und überqueren kreuzende Verkehrswege mit minimalem Gradientenabstand. Sie stellen gestalterisch ansprechende Alternativen zu klassischen oben liegenden Tragwerken, wie Stabbogenbrücken oder seilverspannten Tragwerken, dar.

Sogenannte Orthoverbundplatten, bestehend aus einer leichten orthotropen Platte und einer im Verbund wirkenden, dünnen Aufbetonschicht, bilden eine leichte Fahrbahnplatte für den Großbrückenbau, deren Robustheit allen zeitgemäßen Anforderungen an Ermüdungssicherheit genügt.
In‐situ Ligand Formation Based Synthesis of a Luminescent Bi‐Nitrile Based Framework: 3∞[Bi2Br6(tcpt)]
Authors: Sorg Jens R. , Oberst Katharina C. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: August 2018

We present the synthesis of the three‐dimensional coordination polymer 3∞[Bi2Br6(tcpt)] [tcpt = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐cyanophenyl)triazine] that could be obtained from a solvent‐free melt synthesis of BiBr3 and 1,4‐dicyanobenzene (dcb). The reaction is based on a quantitative in‐situ formation of the ligand 1,3,5‐tris(4‐cyanophenyl)triazine by trimerization of the dicyanobenzene, and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first Bi‐containing coordination polymer constructed from Bi–nitrile bonds. The framework further exhibits some π stacking of the tcpt ligands. 3∞[Bi2Br6(tcpt)] exhibits green photoluminescence arising from broad banded excitation and emission bands. Furthermore, a photochromic shift of the emission can be observed depending on the excitation wavelength.
Collider phenomenology of Hidden Valley mediators of spin 0 or 1/2 with semivisible jets
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , Bertuzzo Enrico , di Cortona Giovanni Grilli , Tabrizi Zahra
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Many models of Beyond the Standard Model physics contain particles that are charged under both Standard Model and Hidden Valley gauge groups, yet very little effort has been put into establishing their experimental signatures. We provide a general overview of the collider phenomenology of spin 0 or 1/2 mediators with non-trivial gauge numbers under both the Standard Model and a single new confining group. Due to the possibility of many unconventional signatures, the focus is on direct production with semivisible jets. For the mediators to be able to decay, a global U(1) symmetry must be broken. This is best done by introducing a set of operators explicitly violating this symmetry. We find that there is only a finite number of such renormalizable operators and that the phenomenology can be classified into five distinct categories. We show that large regions of the parameter space are already excluded, while others are unconstrained by current search strategies. We also discuss how searches could be modified to better probe these unconstrained regions by exploiting special properties of semivisible jets.
WILLINGNESS TO RENT PUBLIC LAND FOR ROTATIONAL GRAZING: THE IMPORTANCE OF RESPONSE BEHAVIOR
Authors: MOONEY DANIEL F. , BOLINSON COURTNEY , BARHAM BRADFORD L.
Published: August 2018

Ex ante analyses of agricultural practices often examine stated preference data, yet response behavior as a potential source of bias is often disregarded. We use survey data to estimate producers’ willingness to rent public land for rotational grazing in Wisconsin and combine it with information on nonrespondents to control for nonresponse and avidity effects. Previous experience with managed grazing and rental decisions influenced who responded as well as their rental intentions. These effects do not produce discernable bias but still encourage attention to this possibility in other ex ante contexts. Land rental determinants and willingness-to-pay estimates are also related to grazing initiatives.
Fondamentalisme ou constructivisme des raisons? Les limites du réalisme normatif de Thomas Scanlon
Authors: AUBÉ BEAUDOIN FÉLIX , TURMEL PATRICK
Published: August 2018

Dans cet article, nous soutenons que le fondamentalisme des raisons défendu par T.M. Scanlon fait face à deux difficultés importantes — l’une ontologique, l’autre épistémologique —, soit leproblème de la permissivité ontologiqueet ledéfi de la fiabilité. Nous suggérons que le constructivisme formel permet de les éviter et que Scanlon gagnerait à l’adopter. Nous montrons également que ses trois principales objections envers cette théorie reposent soit sur une mécompréhension du constructivisme formel, soit sur une pétition de principe en faveur du réalisme.
Determinants of treatment of mental disorders in Lebanon: barriers to treatment and changing patterns of service use
Authors: Karam E. G. , Karam G. E. , Farhat C. , Itani L. , Fayyad J. , Karam A. N. , Mneimneh Z. , Kessler R. , Thornicroft G.
Published: August 2018

Aims

To investigate for the first time the determinants and barriers of seeking help for mental disorders in the Arab world based on a national study: Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs Of the Nation (L.E.B.A.N.O.N).

Methods

A nationally representative (n = 2857) and multistage clustered area probability household sample of adults ≥18 years and older was assessed for lifetime and 12 months mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. In addition, detailed information was obtained on help- seeking behaviour and barriers to treatment.

Results

In total, 19.7% of the Lebanese with mental disorders sought any type of treatment: 91% of those who sought treatment did so within the health sector. Severity and perceived severity of disorders predicted seeking help, the highest being for panic disorder. The greatest barrier to seek help was low perceived need for treatment (73.9%). Stigma was reported to be a factor only in 5.9% of those who thought about seeking treatment. Eighty per cent of the Lebanese reported they would not be embarrassed if friends knew they were seeking help from a professional.

Conclusions

A small fraction of Lebanese seek help for their mental health problems: female gender, higher education and income are predictors of positive attitudes to help seeking. Severity and recognition of disorders, more than stigma, to get treatment seem to be the most important factors in determining help seeking. The findings underscore the importance of helping the public recognise mental health disorders.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen und ihre Bedeutung in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie1
Authors: Riedel Andreas , Biscaldi Monica , Tebartz van Elst Ludger
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) sind mit einer Prävalenz von über 1% in der Normalpopulation ein häufiges Phänomen. Klinische Erfahrung und auch theoretische Überlegungen sprechen dafür, dass die Prävalenz unter einem psychiatrischen Patientenkollektiv noch höher sein dürfte. Dennoch wird die Bedeutung der ASS für die Erwachsenenpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie erst in den letzten Jahren langsam erkannt. Die meisten Patienten mit ASS werden in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie nach wie vor unter unzutreffenden oder falsch gewichteten Diagnosen – nicht selten erfolglos – behandelt. Eine korrekte Diagnosestellung hat fast immer weitreichende und meist positive Implikationen, weil sie ein adäquates Verständnis der autistischen Eigenschaften und der sich daraus entwickelnden psychiatrischen Symptomatik, sowie einen angemessenen und verständnisvollen Umgang damit erlaubt. Dies fördert die Akzeptanz des Behandlers für die – oft als «schwierig» eingestuften – Betroffenen und die Selbstakzeptanz des Patienten. Neben nicht diagnostizierten ASS ist das Thema für die Erwachsenenpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie auch insofern relevant, als eine autistische Basisstruktur – also autistische Züge ohne eigenen Krankheitswert, der «broader autistic phenotype» – die Grundlage anderer psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder sein kann, woraus sich häufig sowohl auf psychiatrischem als auch auf psychotherapeutischem Gebiet veränderte therapeutische Vorgehensweisen ableiten lassen. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst ein kurzer Überblick über jüngere konzeptuelle und systematische Entwicklungen im Kontext des DSM-5 gegeben und dann auf die Relevanz von ASS für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie eingegangen, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf diagnostische Aspekte, die Bedeutung der autistischen Basisstruktur und Implikationen für die Therapie.
Perspektivenverschränkung
Authors: Bergmann Thomas , Diefenbacher Albert , Heinrich Manuel , Riedel Andreas , Sappok Tanja
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Autismus bleibt oft bis ins Erwachsenenalter unerkannt, sowohl bei Menschen mit als auch ohne zusätzliche Intelligenzminderung (IM). Daraus erwächst ein über das Kindes- und Jugendalter hinausgehender Bedarf nach diagnostischen Standards. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung und Überprüfung eines multiprofessionellen Ansatzes zur Abklärung eines Autismusverdachts im Erwachsenenalter bei Menschen mit IM. Methodik. Eine wöchentliche, multiprofessionelle Konsensuskonferenz wurde 2008 zur klinischen Autismusabklärung bei Erwachsenen mit IM etabliert. Das Vorgehen sowie der diagnostische Beitrag der beteiligten Berufsgruppen wurden mittels eines Fragebogens evaluiert. Die Relevanz der umfassenden Autismusdiagnostik wurde konsekutiv von 1/2010 bis 12/2015 bei N = 274 Patienten anhand der Neudiagnosen überprüft. Ergebnisse. Durch die Integration von Pflegekräften, Pädagogen sowie Ergo- und Kreativtherapeuten in den diagnostischen Prozess resultierte ein umfassendes Bild diagnostisch relevanter Informationen. Wichtige Merkmale der Konsensuskonferenz waren der interdisziplinäre Austausch, Verbesserung des Informationsflusses sowie Qualitäts- und Fortbildungsaspekte. In 153 (56%) der untersuchten Fälle erfolgte eine Neudiagnose, von denen bei 149 Patienten (54%) erstmalig ein zusätzlicher Autismus identifiziert wurde. In 4 Fällen wurde eine vorbestehende Autismusdiagnose revidiert. Schlussfolgerung. Durch intersubjektiven Abgleich verschiedener Methoden und Personen kann die Autismusdiagnostik bei Erwachsenen mit IM auf eine objektivere Basis gestellt werden. Die Einführung multiprofessioneller Fallkonferenzen dient der Qualitätssicherung und steigert Wissen und Kompetenzen von Mitarbeitern.
Training Early-Career Polar Weather and Climate Researchers
Authors: Tummon Fiona , Day Jonathan , Svensson Gunilla
Published: August 2018

Polar Prediction School; Abisko Scientific Research Station, Sweden, 17–27 April 2018
Hunting for Landslides from Cascadia’s Great Earthquakes
Authors: Perkins Jonathan , Roering Joshua , Burns William , Struble Will , Black Bryan , Schmidt Kevin , Duvall Alison , Calhoun Nancy
Published: August 2018

Researchers examine the rings of drowned trees in landslide-dammed lakes for clues to today’s earthquake hazards in the Pacific Northwest.
Modulation of Low‐Altitude Ionospheric Upflow by Linear and Nonlinear Atmospheric Gravity Waves
Authors: Burleigh M. R. , Heale C. J. , Zettergren M. D. , Snively J. B.
Published: August 2018

This study examines how thermospheric motions due to gravity waves (GWs) drive ion upflow in the F region, modulating the topside ionosphere in a way that can contribute to ion outflow. We present incoherent scatter radar data from Sondrestrom, from 31 May 2003 which showed upflow/downflow motions, having a downward phase progression, in the field‐aligned velocity, indicating forcing by a thermospheric GW. The GW‐upflow coupling dynamics are investigated through the use of a coupled atmosphere‐ionosphere model to examine potential impacts on topside ionospheric upflow. Specifically, a sequence of simulations with varying wave amplitude is conducted to determine responses to a range of transient forcing reminiscent of the incoherent scatter radar data. Nonlinear wave effects, resulting from increases in amplitude of the modeled GW, are shown to critically impact the ionospheric response. GW breaking deposits energy into smaller scale wave modes, drives periods of large field‐aligned ion velocities, while also modulating ion densities. Complementary momentum transfer increases the mean flow and, through ion‐neutral drag, can increase ion densities above 300 km. Ionospheric collision frequency (cooling) and photoionization effects (heating), both dependent on ionospheric density, modify the electron temperature; these changes conduct quickly up geomagnetic field lines driving ion upflow at altitudes well above initial disturbances. This flow alters ion populations available for high‐altitude acceleration processes that may lead to outflow into the magnetosphere. We have included a representative source of transverse wave heating which, when supplemented by our GWs, illustrates strengthened upward fluxes in the topside ionosphere.
The Radiative Feedback During the ENSO Cycle: Observations Versus Models
Authors: Kolly A. , Huang Y.
Published: August 2018

Observational and model data are used to study the radiative feedbacks during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. We extend the previous works by analyzing the feedbacks with respect to not only top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) but also the surface and atmospheric radiation budgets, using a newly developed set of radiation kernels. We find that the tropical radiative budgets undergo distinctive variations during ENSO. The radiative perturbation is especially significant for the atmospheric energy budget. We find that the cloud feedback during the developing phase of ENSO heats the atmosphere over the west and central Pacific differentially, which acts to strengthen the development. We also find that a prominent cloud feedback bias persists in the newer version global climate models. This bias results from wrong extent of compensation between longwave and shortwave effects, which points to the importance of validating the radiative sensitivity of clouds in the general circulation models.
Increased glutamine anabolism sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib treatment
Authors: Wang Liang , Peng Wen , Wu Tianming , Deng Pengchi , Zhao Ying-Lan
Published: August 2018

To better understand the resistance mechanism of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) to gefitinib, the metabolic profiles of gefitinib-resistant A549 cells and gefitinib-sensitive PC-9 cells were analyzed with a metabolomics analytical platform. A549 and PC-9 cells exhibited significant differences in the levels of glutamine-related metabolites. After gefitinib treatment, the glutamine level decreased in A549 cells but showed no change in PC-9 cells. The glutamine consumed by A549 cells was used to generate ATP and glutathione (GSH). As glutamine utilization was suppressed in gefitinib-treated PC-9 cells, the resulting ATP shortage and ROS accumulation led to cell death. The difference in glutamine metabolism was caused by differential changes in the levels of glutamine synthetase (GS, encoded by glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL)). GLUL expression was upregulated in gefitinib-sensitive cells, but it was either absent from gefitinib-resistant cells or no significant change was observed in the gefitinib-treated cells. GLUL overexpression in A549 cells significant sensitized them to gefitinib and decreased their invasive capacity. Conversely, knockout GS in PC-9 cells reduced gefitinib sensitivity and enhanced metastasis. Furthermore, the continuous exposure of gefitinib-sensitive HCC827 cells to gefitinib created gefitinib-resistant (GR) HCC827 cells, which exhibited a GLUL deletion and resistance to gefitinib. Thus, GLUL plays a vital role in determining the sensitivity of NSCLCs to gefitinib. Elevated GS levels mediate increased glutamine anabolism, and this novel mechanism sensitizes NSCLCs to gefitinib. The inhibition of glutamine utilization may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome gefitinib resistance in the clinic.
Ohmic transition at contacts key to maximizing fill factor and performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Tan Jun-Kai , Png Rui-Qi , Zhao Chao , Ho Peter K. H.
Published: August 2018

While thermodynamic detailed balance limits the maximum power conversion efficiency of a solar cell, the quality of its contacts can further limit the actual efficiency. The criteria for good contacts to organic semiconductors, however, are not well understood. Here, by tuning the work function of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hole collection layers in fine steps across the Fermi-level pinning threshold of the model photoactive layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyrate methyl ester, in organic solar cells, we obtain direct evidence for a non-ohmic to ohmic transition at the hole contact that lies 0.3 eV beyond its Fermi-level pinning transition. This second transition corresponds to reduction of the photocurrent extraction resistance below the bulk resistance of the cell. Current detailed balance analysis reveals that this extraction resistance is the counterpart of injection resistance, and the measured characteristics are manifestations of charge carrier hopping across the interface. Achieving ohmic transition at both contacts is key to maximizing fill factor without compromising open-circuit voltage nor short-circuit current of the solar cell.