bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sovereignty, Repatriation, and the Archival Imagination
Authors: Withey Kimberly Christen
Published: January 2019

Sovereignty is an often invoked, yet notoriously misunderstood and misused term in relation to the political, territorial, cultural and economic needs, aspirations, and goals of Indigenous peoples living in post-colonial settler states. Archives were established as places where official records became anchors for nations in the making as they documented the accepted demise of their first peoples. As a result, the archival imagination is both a process of political work and ideological maneuvering. In the post-colonial imagination, archives have become hotbeds for revising the historical fictions and fantasies that allowed for the erasure and presumed demise of Indigenous peoples. As archives shift to include Indigenous voices, and as Indigenous archives assert their own prominence in the landscape, the archival imagination expands. This article analyzes the emergent archival imagination through the lens of sovereignty, repatriation movements, and digital technologies to expose the place of Indigenous rights, histories, and imaginations in the practical work of archives in post-colonial settler states. Using examples from my own collaborations in the United States and Canada with Indigenous communities and my work as the director of Mukurtu CMS, I examine how multiple stakeholders grapple with and infuse archival practices, tools, and work with the many nuances of sovereignty.
Chemical Analysis of the Dust on a Historically Important Collection
Authors: Sendino Maria Consuelo , Cuadros Javier , Allington-Jones Lu , Barnbrook Jane A.
Published: January 2019

The Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, houses an important historical collection: the W. B. Carpenter collection of Eozoon, which is of great significance in the history of science, specifically with regard to a nineteenth-century controversy about the presence of fossils in rock of Precambrian age. After providing a history of the Eozoon Collection, we then give an overview of its care and curation up to the present before describing new research on the history of the specimens and the origin of the thick black dust which covers them. Chemical and morphological analysis of the dust using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) allows identification of one silicate and one sulphur-calcium phase. The silicate may derive from the Eozoon specimens themselves, whereas the sulphur-calcium phase may indicate gypsum from plaster. It is possible that the gypsum dust may have come from collapse of the ceiling during the fire in November 1885 at Carpenter's home that led to his death.
The Development and Use of Digital Spatial and Relational Databases
Authors: Bissett Thaddeus G.
Published: January 2019

This article presents a case study in the application of modern digital database and analytic technologies to historic archaeological museum collections and archival documents from excavations in the lower Tennessee Valley during the Great Depression. Differences in the quality and types of data collected during that period, in contrast to more modern work, have led many researchers to view these collections (and others of similar antiquity and provenience) as inadequate for new research, contributing to substantial neglect. However, these materials constitute the primary source of information about the prehistoric occupation of the lower Tennessee Valley, because that region is no longer accessible for field work. The integration of these collections and their associated documentation into modern, accessible formats is critical to enabling future research. This paper describes efforts to transform these archaeological collections and documentation into integrated relational geospatial databases, and the use of those databases to address current research questions.
Using Technology to Reconnect with Collections
Authors: Heineman Anna
Published: January 2019

This article looks at the ways in which museums, zoos, and cultural organizations can employ free and available technology—including blogs, databases, smartphone apps, and social media—to encourage people to look past their devices and to connect with each other through collections. Four Internet-based digital platforms are examined: online responses, information sharing, voting, and social media. The case studies demonstrate how technology can encourage connection between individuals and the collections that they have opportunities to view, understand, and curate together.
Crowdsourcing as Practice and Method in the Smithsonian Transcription Center
Authors: Ferriter Meghan , Rosenfeld Christine , Boomer Dana , Burgess Carla , Leachman Siobhan , Leachman Victoria , Moses Heidi , Pickering Felicia , Shuler Megan E.
Published: January 2019

This article employs qualitative research design and methods to examine volunteer motivation and continued experiences of participation in the Smithsonian Institution's Transcription Center (TC), a large-scale crowdsourcing project and space for engagement with collections, Smithsonian Institution staff, and peer volunteers, or volunpeers. Data were obtained from two focus groups conducted on August 24 and 25, 2015. Following these discussions, an experimental method of crowdsourced authorship was developed by the researchers and participants wherein seven volunteers involved in the focus groups became participant researchers who collaborated with the two lead researchers to analyze and interpret the data. This authorship method mirrors the very nature of crowdsourcing by gaining investment and contribution from several volunteers as a means both of collaborating and sharing authority and of distributing labor and yielding a broader perspective in terms of point of view and thus a more diverse result. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to highlight five reasons volunteers participate in the TC and, second, to present an experimental methodology of crowdsourced authorship in conjunction with qualitative research.
Possessing an “Inner History”
Authors: Chen Amy Hildreth
Published: January 2019

Acquisition histories reveal how relationships between repository curators and collection donors shape an institution's holdings as well as the direction of future scholarship. However, researchers often overlook the significance of acquisition histories, as cultural heritage organizations do not make this information readily available, for accession information either is considered private or is not presumed to be valuable. Therefore, tracing acquisition histories requires analyzing evidence across critical, artistic, and institutional records to see how curators recruit donors and then support the processing and promotion of their collections. The case study of curator Kevin Young and Lucille Clifton at Emory University's Stuart A. Rose Manuscripts, Archives, and Rare Book Library provides an example of the merit of acquisition histories. While Clifton had no previous institutional connection to Emory, she chose Rose Library because she knew Young personally and trusted him, as both belonged to the same community of African American poets. I argue that Young advocated for Clifton's papers out of respect for her legacy, which included her mentorship of his early career. This “inner history” between writer and curator, mentor and protege, demonstrates the value of affective stewardship, or when a curator's emotional connection to a writer generates a level of collection advocacy surpassing standard promotional practices.
A Digital Voice from the Dust: The Joseph Smith Papers at the Intersection of Public and Digital History1
Authors: Rogers Brent M.
Published: January 2019

Like other documentary editing projects, the Joseph Smith Papers—an effort to produce a comprehensive edition of the papers of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, more commonly known as Mormons—seeks to provide reliable access to “the authentic voice” of its eponymous historical figure in innovative ways. As a digital voice from the dust, the project makes Smith's words, character, and context accessible in the online representation of his papers in ways that forcefully illustrate the convergence of public and digital history. This article uses the Joseph Smith Papers Project (JSPP) as a case study to look at documentary collections at the intersection of digital and public history while exploring issues of scholarship, access, and transparency. The trends described here promise to have implications for the larger fields of digitally presented public history and documentary collections.
Silent Legacy: The Story of Vasily Konovalenko's Gem-Carving Sculptures
Authors: Nash Stephen E. , Kruger Frances Alley
Published: January 2019

During a career that spanned four decades, Russian artist Vasily Konovalenko (1929–1989) produced more than 70 sculptures carved from gems, minerals, and other raw materials. As unorthodox, compelling, and masterful as Konovalenko's sculptures are, they had been poorly published and poorly known. They are on permanent display at only two museums in the world: the small and obscure State Gems Museum (Samotsvety) in Moscow, Russia, and the Denver Museum of Nature & Science (DMNS), a major natural history museum in Colorado, the United States. This article examines Konovalenko's life and work, as well as the unusual circumstances that led to the two exhibitions, their role in Konovalenko's relative obscurity, and a recent resurgence of interest.
Exploring the Concept of a “Legacy” Collection: A Study on German World War I Paper Textiles at the National Museum of American History
Authors: King Kathleen
Published: January 2019

Using a collection of surplus German military objects composed of woven paper from World War I in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History as a case study, this article questions the value of keeping objects that no longer support the current mission statement of a museum, or if they ever did. It does not aim to answer definitively such a tough question, as a multitude of factors and stakeholders are involved with such a decision, but rather it seeks to bring this subject matter to the fore of collections and curatorial management, to explore best practices, and to examine if such best practices are being readily followed. The objects’ history, manufacturing processes, materiality, conservation concerns, and significance are explored in an effort to build context around the objects and to determine the appropriateness of their occupancy within the museum.
Collections Care Informed by Native American Perspectives: Teaching the Next Generation
Authors: Shannon Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Through repatriation consultations, collaborative exhibitions, and research projects with Native peoples, anthropology curators and collections managers are learning different interpretations of best practice in the care of Native American collections. In this case study of the Museum and Field Studies (MFS) program at the University of Colorado, Boulder, we review the practice and potential of bringing those perspectives to bear on the next generation of anthropology collections managers. Through examples of traditional care, exhibits, course work, and student projects, we show how Native peoples are influencing how we think about and care for museum collections. We illustrate future collections managers’ increasing sense of purpose and excitement toward working with Native peoples and reimagining the museum to be a resource for increasing Native community well-being and a welcoming place for alternative ways of seeing and relating to the collections in their care.
Drawing as a Facilitating Approach When Conducting Research Among Children
Authors: Søndergaard Elisabeth , Reventlow Susanne
Published: January 2019

Using drawings to bridge the communication barriers between adults and children, this article looks at examples of fieldwork with socioeconomically disadvantaged young families in Denmark with a parent who has multiple diagnoses. Studies suggest a link between a disadvantaged socioeconomic childhood and a predisposition to illness and disease in later life and that children of ill parents tend to be ill more often and be lonelier than their peers with healthy parents. These findings are underpinned by other studies showing how children’s social relations are vital to how they experience childhood and for their current and future health profile. Based on this knowledge, we wanted to study how children from families without a great deal of resources experience their family life but were faced with the dilemma of how to study this phenomenon. Reflection on these experiences shows that drawing is an effective method to facilitate conversations with children about difficult and taboo issues. The method’s strength lies in the way it materializes thoughts and feelings, in the way it generates a sense of “community” between the child and the researcher, which is often challenging in ethnographic research involving children. With their drawings, the children were able to express feelings, sentiments, and experiences that were difficult to articulate in words but not equally difficult to recall as a physical and mental experience or to draw on paper. The drawings illustrated a shared desire among the children who took part in the study for normality, routine, and stability in the family. Please note that we emphasize the importance of including other fieldwork data when interpreting drawings and that it is essential to have a solid contextual understanding of the field.
Improving the two-stage numerical integration in stability identification of oscillation with distributed delay
Authors: Ozoegwu Chigbogu Godwin
Published: January 2019

The vibration of the engineering systems with distributed delay is governed by delay integro-differential equations. Two-stage numerical integration approach was recently proposed for stability identification of such oscillators. This work improves the approach by handling the distributed delay—that is, the first-stage numerical integration—with tensor-based higher order numerical integration rules. The second-stage numerical integration of the arising methods remains the trapezoidal rule as in the original method. It is shown that local discretization error is of order [Formula: see text] irrespective of the order of the numerical integration rule used to handle the distributed delay. But [Formula: see text] is less weighted when higher order numerical integration rules are used to handle the distributed delay, suggesting higher accuracy. Results from theoretical error analyses, various numerical rate of convergence analyses, and stability computations were combined to conclude that—from application point of view—it is not necessary to increase the first-stage numerical integration rule beyond the first order (trapezoidal rule) though the best results are expected at the second order (Simpson’s 1/3 rule).
Forced convection heat transfer of Casson fluid in non-Darcy porous media
Authors: Qawasmeh Bashar R , Alrbai Mohammad , Al-Dahidi Sameer
Published: January 2019

Forced convection of non-Newtonian Casson fluid laminar boundary layer flow past an isothermal horizontal flat plate in non-Darcy porous media is studied using Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman model. Similarity variables are used to transform the boundary layer equations. The boundary layer equations are reduced into system of first-order differential equations using similarity method. Then, solved numerically using adaptive Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme simultaneously with shooting technique. The effects of Casson parameter, porosity, first- and second-order porous resistances, and Prandtl number on the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated in terms of the local skin friction and local heat transfer parameters. In addition, velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles are plotted for all considered parameters. It is found that the heat transfer could be enhanced by increasing the Casson parameter and the porous resistance terms. To the contrary, the increase in the porosity reduces heat transfer rates. Finally, the increase in the Prandtl number enhances the heat transfer rates.
Simple finite-time sliding mode control approach for jerk systems
Authors: Nguazon Tekou , Nguekeng Tekou , Tchitnga Robert , Fomethe Anaclet
Published: January 2019

This article describes an easy way to apply active control upon all jerk systems for which the linear part of the third-order differential jerk equation strongly depends on acceleration and velocity. The kernel of that methodology is to rewrite the jerk equation as a single implicit first-order differential equation escorted with a sliding variable. It is shown that, for such a jerk class, the fast terminal sliding convergence based on Lyapunov stability is achieved with a first-order sigmoid sliding surface. Various numerical simulations have been conducted on Sprott simple jerk class as well as on the single op-amp jerk system. For experiment, we synchronize two Sprott circuits with nonlinearity being the absolute value of position. Experimental results match well with numerical simulations.
Crushing analysis and multi-objective crashworthiness optimization of multi-cell conical tube subjected to oblique loading
Authors: Deng Xiaolin , Liu Wangyu
Published: January 2019

In this article, a novel multi-cell conical tube is designed. First, a detail analysis about the crashworthiness of three structures, that is, the multi-cell conical tube, multi-cell square tapered tube, and fourfold-cell conical tube, is made and compared at the condition of keeping the same mass with different oblique load angles. Then, the influences of the internal cell walls, load angle, the cone angle, and wall thickness on the performances of crashworthiness are investigated. The multi-cell conical tube has better energy absorption capacity than multi-cell square tapered tube and fourfold-cell conical tube at small load angles. The normalization of average gradients of the cone angle on specific energy absorption reached 48.25% compared with the wall thickness. The full factorial design and the optimal Latin hypercube design method are adopted to define the sample points and error analysis points. A numerical simulation on the sample points and error analysis points are performed using Abaqus/Explicit. According to different working conditions, different optimization objects are determined, and corresponding surrogate models with different indicators are constructed using Kriging method. The accuracy of surrogate model is evaluated. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is utilized to optimize the multi-objective problem. Finally, the influence of structural parameters on crashworthiness is discussed.
Study on adaptability of primary support arch cover method for large-span embedded tunnels in the upper-soft lower-hard stratum
Authors: Wang Junbao , Huo Qi , Song Zhanping , Zhang Yuwei
Published: January 2019

The Provincial Hospital Station of Guiyang Metro Line No. 2 in China is located on the upper-soft lower-hard stratum. In order to analyze the adaptability of primary support arch cover method for the project, the construction process of the main tunnel of the Provincial Hospital Station is simulated by virtue of numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the excavation process of the tunnel is simulated by the double-side drift method for comparison. The numerical simulation results show that the primary support arch cover method has advantages in settlement control, plastic zone distribution, and supporting structure safety. Only the primary supporting structure is relatively weak in the rock–soil interface and on the arch shoulders and vault, and liable to tension failure. However, the application of strengthened primary support can significantly improve this unfavorable situation. Therefore, it is suggested that the primary support arch cover method be adopted for the construction of the main tunnel of the Provincial Hospital Station. The numerical simulation results obtained by primary support arch cover method are consistent with the field data in terms of the change trend of surface settlement, and the final settlement value is also similar. On this basis, the influence of grade variation of underlying surrounding rock on surface settlement and surrounding rock plastic zone distribution caused by the two methods is further simulated, and the grade range of underlying surrounding rock suitable for primary support arch cover method is given in the article.
Creating world class universities: Roles and responsibilities for academic leaders in India
Authors: Banker Darshna V , Bhal Kanika T
Published: January 2019

Indian universities have been facing difficulty getting world-class status as a very few Indian higher educational institutions have made it through the global rankings. We need to understand the unique challenges of the Indian higher education sector and what academic leaders of globally ranked institutions do to respond to those challenges. The interview-based qualitative study was designed to identify the key roles and responsibilities of leaders. Nvivo Pro was used for the initial analysis of the interview scripts of twelve academic leaders of globally ranked higher educational institutions. Nine responsibilities – visioning, fundraising, safeguarding, managing intellectuals, attracting bright students, social inclusion, social responsibility, engaging into academics, and administration – were explored under four latent categories of academic leadership roles that included boundary spanning, nurturing human talent, social contribution, and operations using a ‘six-step thematic analysis approach’. These roles are discussed in the ‘Results and discussion’ section with respect to the challenges that the Indian higher education sector faces. Our paper identified a unique emerging theme ‘social inclusion’ that plays a vital role in the worldwide status of Indian higher education. We provide a few guidelines for developing and strengthening Indian academic leadership as well.
Comparison between simple release and Z-plasty of retinaculum for de Quervain’s disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Jin-young , Baek Jong-hun , Lee Jae-hoon
Published: January 2019

We compared two surgical procedures for de Quervain’s disease that was not responsive to conservative treatment. Group A (simple release) consisted of 38 patients and group B (Z-plasty of the retinaculum) included 36 patients. The visual analogue scale score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score improved significantly after surgery; there were no statistical differences in outcome between the two groups. In group A, one patient required reoperation, two had subluxations of extensor tendons and two had temporary loss of sensation in the area of the radial nerve. In group B, two patients had temporary loss of sensation. The mean time to resolution of pain at the operative site was significantly shorter in group B. Both simple release and Z-plasty were effective surgical methods. Z-plasty allowed earlier return to activities of daily living but there was no statistical difference between the two groups in incidence of complication.

Level of evidence: IV
Therapy Adjustments Based on Trend Arrows Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
Authors: Ziegler Ralph , von Sengbusch Simone , Kröger Jens , Schubert Oliver , Werkmeister Petra , Deiss Dorothee , Siegmund Thorsten
Published: January 2019

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems use trend arrows to accurately display the anticipated glucose curve for the user. These are used for both “real-time” glucose monitoring and for intermittent scanning glucose monitoring. Trend arrow data are used by people with diabetes to make corrections to their glucose control. It is essential that they are correctly interpreted when adjusting insulin doses and to ensure that appropriate treatment decisions are made. The aim of this article is to provide general treatment guidance for diabetes teams and for people with diabetes using CGM in the context of trend arrows. This is based on previous recommendations for interpreting trend arrows without losing sight of the need for individual therapy adjustment.
Initial Displacement Does Not Affect Loss of Reduction After Lisfranc Fracture Dislocations
Authors: Pigott Matthew T. , Shah Ronit , Chan Jason , Irwin Todd A. , Holmes James R. , Talusan Paul G.
Published: January 2019

We sought to determine whether significantly displaced Lisfranc injuries had a higher rate of loss of reduction after fixation compared to those with low displacement. Forty-five patients who had fixation of an acute Lisfranc injury from 2005 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent subsequent hardware removal at 3 to 15 months after their index procedure. Radiographs were reviewed from the time of injury, 2 weeks, and 6 months postoperative. Lisfranc joint reduction was assessed using criteria previously described in the literature and graded as malreduced if displacement was >2 mm. We used a cutoff of 4 mm for high initial displacement. Those patients with ≥4 mm of initial displacement did not have an increased rate of loss of reduction after hardware removal compared to those patients with <4 mm initial displacement (40% and 27%, respectively; P = .362). Anatomic reduction was achieved immediately postoperative in 89% of cases. A high degree of displacement in Lisfranc injuries does not preclude achievement and maintenance of adequate reduction after fixation of these injuries.

Levels of Evidence: Prognostic study, Level II: Retrospective
Effect of Clinical History on Interpretation of Computed Tomography for Acute Stroke
Authors: Hung Peter , Finn Caitlin , Chen Monica , Knight-Greenfield Ashley , Baradaran Hediyeh , Patel Praneil , Díaz Iván , Kamel Hooman , Gupta Ajay
Published: January 2019

Objective:

We assessed whether providing detailed clinical information alongside computed tomography (CT) images improves their interpretation for acute stroke.

Methods:

Using the prospective Cornell AcutE Stroke Academic Registry, we randomly selected 100 patients who underwent noncontrast head CT within 6 hours of transient ischemic attack or minor acute ischemic stroke and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 6 hours of the CT. Three radiologist investigators evaluated each of the 100 CT studies twice, once with and once without accompanying information on medical history, signs, and symptoms. In random sequence, each study was interpreted in one condition (ie, with or without detailed accompanying information) and then after a 4-week washout period, in the opposite condition. Using MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as the reference standard, we classified CT interpretations as correct (true positives or negatives) or incorrect (false positives or negatives). We used logistic regression with sandwich estimators to compare the proportion of correct interpretations.

Results:

In patients with DWI-defined infarcts, acute ischemia was called on 20% of CTs with detailed history and 18% without history. In patients without infarcts, the absence of ischemia was called on 77% of CTs with history and 77% without history. The proportion of correct interpretations of CTs accompanied by detailed clinical history (49%) did not differ significantly from those without history (47%; odds ratio: 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 0.8-1.4).

Conclusions:

Reported findings on head CT for evaluation of suspected acute ischemic stroke were similar regardless of whether detailed clinical history was provided.
Demyelinating lesions behaving like aggressive tumours on advanced MRI techniques
Authors: Barbosa Brainner Campos , Marchiori Edson , Leal Leidersnaider Caio , Brandao Lara , Castillo Mauricio
Published: January 2019

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions are a rare disorder in which inflammatory demyelination manifests as solitary or multiple focal brain lesions (greater than 2 cm in size), which can be mistaken for glioma, lymphoma, metastasis and in some cases even brain abscess. The symptomatology of tumefactive demyelinating lesions depends on the white matter area involved and includes quickly progressing neurological deterioration of motor, sensory and visual function, praxis, language and mood impairment, as well as seizures. Recognising the key imaging features in a patient with a prior history of demyelination may expedite appropriate management. Preoperative diagnosis or at least the consideration of a demyelinating process is important to avoid unnecessary surgery. We report three patients with demyelinating lesions who presented with findings suggestive of demyelination on conventional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, in all patients the lesions showed high perfusion and in two high permeability, which are findings generally seen with high-grade neoplasias. In rare instances, tumefactive demyelinating lesions may show increased perfusion and high permeability, imaging findings more commonly seen in high-grade gliomas. We suggest that if white matter lesions on conventional magnetic resonance imaging are compatible with tumefactive demyelinating lesions, atypical findings of high perfusion/permeability should not dissuade the radiologist from suggesting the presence of tumefactive demyelinating lesions rather than high-grade gliomas.
State control and doctors’ abuse of clinical autonomy: An empirical analysis of doctors’ clinical practice in Chinese public hospitals
Authors: Yao Zelin
Published: January 2019

Medical doctors enjoy a high degree of professional autonomy because they own and apply professional knowledge in helping patients. Therefore, laymen are unable to evaluate doctors’ clinical practices. For this reason, how to exert effective social control over doctors’ work has been a significant question in the sociology of professions. Based on fieldwork in Beijing, government statistics, and others’ research findings, this paper analyzes the working conditions and clinical practices of Chinese urban doctors. I find that medical professionals are still dependent upon public hospitals that continue dominating the healthcare delivery system, and thus they lack corporate autonomy and are incapable of negotiating working arrangements, payment for their services and their incomes with the state. This condition generates a distortion in doctors’ labor value. However, also because of the domination of the healthcare delivery system, public hospitals and their doctors have gained ‘dual dominance’ over both patients and pharmaceutical enterprises, by which doctors transform their rights of prescription into economic benefits. This informal income, including hongbao (red envelopes containing money) and kickbacks, compensates for doctors’ relatively low formal incomes resulting from the state’s control. However, doctors abuse clinical autonomy constantly and pervasively, by which they transform their monopolies of medical expertise into economic benefits. This also means that the regulation and supervision of health administration is unsuccessful, as is the profession’s self-regulation. Hence, this paper suggests that if the medical profession can effectively participate in health policy-making, medical professionals be given the right of free practice, and non-public medical institutions given the same status and policy treatments as public hospitals, these problems in the current healthcare system will be relieved or solved.
Contributors to Health Inequities in Rural Latinas of Childbearing Age: An Integrative Review Using an Ecological Framework
Authors: Schminkey Donna L. , Liu Xiaoyue , Annan Sandra , Sawin Erika Metzler
Published: January 2019

This integrative review uses an ecological framework to examine research describing multilevel contributors to health inequities among Latina childbearing women in rural U.S. communities. Rurality exacerbates existing structural issues and makes the accumulation of both social capital and cultural competence in accessing and utilizing the health care system difficult. Four electronic databases were searched—Ovid/Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL—over the period of 2006 to 2018. Twenty-nine full-text articles met inclusion criteria. Findings were that a convoluted immigration policy, health care delivery and payment systems, geographic and economic barriers, discrimination, gender roles, and reproductive coercion all contribute to decreased utilization of health care, which in turn contributes to health inequities. More attention is required to situate Latina health inequities in rural communities within the context of other health-relevant aspects of discrimination and reproductive coercion, and to understand the contribution that the health care system itself has on these health inequities. Use of the ecological framework for this integrative review integrates well with inclusive vulnerable population research approaches such as community-based participatory research, because of its multilevel focus.
Division-I Student-Athletes’ Affective and Cognitive Responses to Receiving Confirmation From Their Head Coach
Authors: Cranmer Gregory A. , Gagnon Ryan J. , Mazer Joseph P.
Published: January 2019

Coach confirmation—a behavior that encompasses coaches’ recognition, endorsement, and acknowledgment of athletes—has been forwarded as an effective coaching behavior that redresses ineffective and antisocial patterns of coaching. Empirical evidence of its effectiveness, however, has been limited to athlete affect and based on data from retrospective samples of former high school athletes. This study addresses these limitations by exploring the effectiveness of coaches’ use of confirmation with collegiate student-athletes and considers its influence on their satisfaction with coaches and sport, competitiveness, and cognitive learning. Data obtained from 177 Division-I student-athletes revealed that coaches’ use of challenge increases student-athletes’ satisfaction, motivation, competitiveness, and learning, whereas the use of acceptance only determines satisfaction. These findings demonstrate that confirmation is an effective coaching behavior, its dimensions function independently, and challenge best fulfills the multidimensional nature of coaching effectiveness. The implications of this data reveal that confirmation theory functions uniquely within the athletic context, and coach effectiveness is largely determined by the implementation of strategies and efforts to refine skill sets and assist in development.
Real Indians: Policing or Protecting Authentic Indigenous Identity?
Authors: McKay Dwanna L.
Published: January 2019

Research shows that the institutionalization of legitimacy criteria has created contested meanings of being indigenous to the United States, which leads to an unrelenting debate about authentic indigeneity among indigenous people and between indigenous communities. While instituted through colonizing federal Indian policy, the “real Indian” trope is now a social fact for American Indians. Thus, indigeneity claims commonly encounter resistance in the United States, even within indigenous communities. This work explores how indigeneity claims encounter opposition at interpersonal and group levels and the consequences of authenticity policing. I ask two guiding questions: What authenticity markers hold the most value for American Indians? How do American Indians justify authenticity policing? Using a qualitative approach and an indigenous epistemology, I examine the phenomenon of internalizing the real Indian trope and the impact of policing authenticity through conversations with 45 indigenous people. I find that achieving authenticity is elusive because of its dynamic nature within the local specificity of social contexts. I present and discuss two major signifiers of American Indian identity and major sites of authenticity contestation: (1) blood as protection, culture, and belonging, and (2) Indian cards as protection, responsibility, and belonging.
Detecting Self-Neglect: A Comparative Study of Indicators and Risk Factors in a Spanish Population
Authors: Touza Carmen , Prado Carmen
Published: January 2019

Objective: To provide information relevant for detecting potential self-neglecting elders in a Spanish population. Method: This study analyzed the records of 269 social services clients. They were classified in three groups: presumed adequate treatment (AT), at increased risk of abuse (RA), and at increased risk of self-neglect (SN). Social service professionals assessed these cases. Results: Elders at SN presented greater problems in terms of their personal hygiene and appearance, their living conditions, and their ability to look after themselves, to attend to their own health, to realistically assess their situation, and to accept help from others. Variables used to classify the participants correctly predicted 91.1% of the AT cases. However, they produced incorrect predictions in the other two groups. Discussion: These results have important implications for detecting self-neglect, but they need to be confirmed with more representative population samples.
The mesenchymal niche in MDS
Authors: Pronk Eline , Raaijmakers Marc H. G. P.
Published: January 2019

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by bone marrow failure and a strong propensity for leukemic evolution. Somatic mutations are critical early drivers of the disorder, but the factors enabling the emergence, selection, and subsequent leukemic evolution of these “leukemia-poised” clones remain incompletely understood. Emerging data point at the mesenchymal niche as a critical contributor to disease initiation and evolution. Disrupted inflammatory signaling from niche cells may facilitate the occurrence of somatic mutations, their selection, and subsequent clonal expansion. This review summarizes the current concepts about “niche-facilitated” bone marrow failure and leukemic evolution, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications for future innovative therapeutic targeting of the niche in MDS.
Maea expressed by macrophages, but not erythroblasts, maintains postnatal murine bone marrow erythroblastic islands
Authors: Wei Qiaozhi , Boulais Philip E. , Zhang Dachuan , Pinho Sandra , Tanaka Masato , Frenette Paul S.
Published: January 2019

The erythroblastic island (EI), formed by a central macrophage and developing erythroblasts (EBs), was first described decades ago and was recently shown to play an in vivo role in homeostatic and pathological erythropoiesis. The exact molecular mechanisms, however, mediating the interactions between macrophages and EBs remain unclear. Macrophage-EB attacher (Maea) has previously been suggested to mediate homophilic adhesion bounds bridging macrophages and EBs. Maea-deficient mice die perinatally with anemia and defective erythrocyte enucleation, suggesting a critical role in fetal erythropoiesis. Here, we generated conditional knockout mouse models of Maea to assess its cellular and postnatal contributions. Deletion of Maea in macrophages using Csf1r-Cre or CD169-Cre caused severe reductions of bone marrow (BM) macrophages, EBs, and in vivo island formation, whereas its deletion in the erythroid lineage using Epor-Cre had no such phenotype, suggesting a dominant role of Maea in the macrophage for BM erythropoiesis. Interestingly, Maea deletion in spleen macrophages did not alter their numbers or functions. Postnatal Maea deletion using Mx1-Cre or function inhibition using a novel monoclonal antibody also impaired BM erythropoiesis. These results indicate that Maea contributes to adult BM erythropoiesis by regulating the maintenance of macrophages and their interaction with EBs via an as-yet-unidentified EB receptor.
Predictive value of disease risk comorbidity index for overall survival after allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation
Authors: Bejanyan Nelli , Brunstein Claudio G. , Cao Qing , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Ustun Celalettin , Warlick Erica D. , Arora Mukta , Wagner John E. , Weisdorf Daniel J.
Published: January 2019

Allogeneic hematologic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is the only curative therapy for many adults with hematological malignancies. However, it can be associated with substantial risks of morbidity and mortality that are dependent on patient comorbidity– or disease risk–related factors. Several pretransplantation prognostic scoring systems have been developed to estimate survival of patients undergoing alloHCT; however, there is significant interstudy variability in the predictive capacity of these assessment tools. We tested the prognostic capability of a composite scoring system including the disease risk index and HCT comorbidity index (DRCI). The DRCI scoring system was applied pretransplantation to determine whether it predicted clinical outcomes of 959 adult patients with hematological malignancies undergoing alloHCT from 2000 to 2013 at the University of Minnesota. The DRCI score categorized patients into 6 risk groups, with 2-year overall survival ranging between 74% for the very low-risk DRCI group and 34% for the very high-risk DRCI group. In multiple regression analyses adjusted for patient age and donor type, the risk of overall mortality independently increased as the DRCI score increased. Additionally, the DRCI score independently predicted risk of relapse, disease-free survival, and graft-versus-host disease–free/relapse–free survival. Our data demonstrate that the pretransplantation DRCI scoring system predicts outcomes after alloHCT and can be used to guide clinical decision making for patients considering alloHCT.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bone-targeting drug delivery system of biomineral-binding liposomes loaded with icariin enhances the treatment for osteoporosis
Authors: Sun Xiaoduan , Wei Jun , Lyu Jiayao , Bian Tierong , Liu Zhongbing , Huang Juan , Pi Fengjuan , Li Chunhong , Zhong Zhirong
Published: January 2019

Background

Osteoporosis is a bone-incapacitating malady and it is characterized by obvious bone mass loss and bone microarchitecture deterioration. Current treatments for osteoporosis have many limitations, including the non-obvious therapeutic effect and long-term safety issues. Icariin is a pharmacologically active flavonoid glycoside, which shows potential application in treatment of osteoporosis. But its clinical application is limited by the inherent disadvantages such as poor water solubility, first pass effect after oral administration, and low bioavailability. Moreover, due to lack of targeting ability, icariin cannot accumulate at the local diseased region to provide early protection from fractures. To solve the application problems of icariin and enhance its therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, this work aimed to design a targeting drug delivery system of biomineral-binding liposomes (BBL) mediated by pyrophosphate ions.

Results

Biomineral-binding liposomes enhanced the binding ability of liposomes with hydroxyapatite particles. It increased the serum level of alkaline phosphatase and reduced that of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. Meanwhile, BBL increased the mechanical strength of femoral midshaft, preserving the trabecular bone microarchitecture. Moreover, BBL could initiate bone turnover/remodeling of rats with osteoporosis.

Conclusions

This drug targeting delivery system of BBL loading with icariin showed more therapeutic advantages than the free icariin for the treatment of osteoporosis, which may be a kind of valid candidate in future osteoporosis therapy.
Finite element simulation of the braiding process
Authors: Del Rosso S. , Iannucci L. , Curtis P.T.
Published: January 2019

Braiding is one of the most common technique employed for the manufacture of fabrics and ropes. It is also commonly used to produce near-net shaped preforms for advanced fibre reinforced composites. This paper presents an explicit finite element approach to create and simulate the braiding process for the virtual manufacture of 2D braids. The process starts from the definition of an analytical function which describes the movement of the carriers on a braiding track plate. Models of idealised Maypole-type braiding machines are built and used to shape virtual yarns into braids. This procedure can be used in a parameter control fashion, to optimise or to create virtual braided structures, which can serve as input for other structural analyses. It is emphasised that multiple cylinders are required for the modelling of a multifilament yarn to achieve better correlation with the experimental results. A parametric study is presented to investigate the effect of the number of virtual cylinders to represent a real yarn and the shape of the final braid. Excellent correlation was found between the virtual models and the experimental results when comparing the braid angle and yarn width.
Near-borehole characteristics of hydraulic fractures and fracturing-induced sonic-wave attenuation
Authors: Lee Sheng-Qing , Li Huan-Ran , Gu Xi-Hao , Tang Xiao-Ming
Published: January 2019

The downhole hydraulic fracturing process, besides fracturing formation rocks, generates small, secondary fractures around the borehole, allowing evaluation of the result of fracturing using borehole sonic measurements. We analyzed the near-borehole fracture network from an existing laboratory hydraulic fracturing experiment to study the fracture distribution around the borehole. The result indicates that the fracture distribution exhibits fractal characteristics. The fractal dimension is high in the near-borehole region and decreases away from borehole. Because the fractal dimension increases with fracture density, this indicates that fracturing produces a high fracture-density zone in the near-borehole region. The high concentration of the hydraulic fractures in turn can causes significant attenuation in the sonic-logging waveforms acquired after fracturing. The fracturing-induced sonic attenuation, averaged over the sonic frequency band, can be estimated using a median frequency shift method. Comparison of the attenuation of the fracturing interval with that of an unfractured interval, or with that of the same interval before fracturing allows for evaluating the result of fracturing and the fracture extension along the borehole. The application of the method is demonstrated with field-data examples and validated by comparing results from existing borehole techniques, thus offering a useful technique for evaluating the result of hydraulic fracturing using the borehole sonic-wave attenuation.
Semiautomatic first-arrival picking of microseismic events by using the pixel-wise convolutional image segmentation method
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Bo , Li Fangyu , Liu Naihao
Published: January 2019

Microseismic imaging plays an important role in hydraulic fracture detection, and the first-arrival picking of microseismic events is the bedrock of microseismic imaging. Manual picking is the most reliable and also the most time-consuming method for the detection of the first arrival of microseismic events. Accurate and efficient first-arrival picking in a real noisy environment is a challenge for most of the automatic first-arrival picking methods. We have developed a novel workflow to automatically pick the first arrival of microseismics by using a state-of-the art pixel-wise convolutional image segmentation method. We first form the training data by randomly selecting part of the microseismic traces and manually pick the time index of the first arrivals. Next, we segment the selected traces into two parts according to the time index of manual picking and assign each part a label accordingly. Then, we build an encoder-decoder convolutional neural network architecture and use the training data and training label as the input. Next, we obtain the trained network hierarchy by learning the segmented training data and labels. Finally, we predict the first arrivals of microseismic events by applying the trained network hierarchy to the rest of the microseismic traces. The synthetic and field data examples demonstrate that our method successfully identifies the first arrivals. The predicted first-arrival result obtained by using our method is superior to the result obtained by using the traditional method of short-term average and long-term average.