bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Quality Analysis Assessment of Various Rice Traits Enhancing Cultivation and Nutritional Value
Authors: Qadeer Asma
Published: February 2025

Rice is a staple food widely consumed across the world, particularly in Asia. Its consumption patterns vary by region, with different varieties and types of rice preferred in different cultures. Despite rice's central role in global nutrition and its significant contribution to caloric intake, comprehensive studies on the quality characteristics of different rice varieties are limited. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the physical, chemical, and cooking properties of rice samples from two distinct varieties, GQTL 1401 Sample01 and Sample02, collected from the National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad. The evaluation covers physical traits like length, breadth, and thickness, as well as chemical parameters such as moisture content, amylose content, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash content. In addition, cooking tests, including stickiness, aroma, and taste, are conducted to assess the cooking quality of the rice. The findings of this study will contribute valuable insights into the quality characteristics of rice, supporting efforts to improve rice cultivation and nutritional value.
The New Great Game in Central Asia and Afghanistan : Geopolitical Influence of Major Powers
Authors: Jangid Rajkumar
Published: February 2025

मध्य एशिया और अफगानिस्तान में "नया महान खेल" एक बहुस्तरीय भू-राजनीतिक प्रतिस्पर्धा का प्रतीक है, जिसमें संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, रूस और चीन जैसी प्रमुख वैश्विक शक्तियाँ शामिल हैं। ऊर्जा संसाधनों से समृद्ध और व्यापार मार्गों व वैश्विक वाणिज्य के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र के रूप में स्थित यह क्षेत्र, सामाजिक-आर्थिक असमानताओं, शासन की चुनौतियों और बाहरी हस्तक्षेपों के कारण गहरी अस्थिरता का सामना कर रहा है। इस जटिल परिदृश्य के केंद्र में चीन की बेल्ट एंड रोड इनिशिएटिव (बीआरआई), रूस की यूरेशियन इकोनॉमिक यूनियन (ईएईयू), और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका की रणनीतिक नीतियाँ हैं, जो इस क्षेत्र में प्रभाव और वर्चस्व के लिए प्रतिस्पर्धा कर रही हैं।
Innovation and Assessment System for the Development of Biology Teaching Content Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Yi Hu  , Minmin Wang  , Liuqing Ren  , Ye Chen
Published: February 2025

With the in-depth promotion of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), biology education plays a crucial role in the global education system by cultivating individuals with environmental awareness, ecological ethics, and social responsibility. This paper aims to explore how to systematically integrate the Sustainable Development Goals into biology education in China, proposing innovative strategies for teaching content and the construction of an assessment system based on these goals. Through literature research, case analysis, and theoretical simulation, this paper first outlines the theoretical foundations for teaching content innovation, including Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and modern educational psychology theories. Subsequently, based on the three principles of "combining scientific and practical aspects," "balancing timeliness and foresight," and "coordinating systematic and open approaches," specific strategies for teaching content innovation are proposed. These strategies include the integration of cutting-edge knowledge, case-based teaching and situational creation, interdisciplinary fusion, and action-oriented learning. Additionally, this paper constructs a diversified assessment system that encompasses three dimensions: knowledge and skills, processes and methods, and emotional attitudes and values. It combines quantitative and qualitative assessment methods to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of students' overall competence in biology learning.
In the context of China's local educational landscape, this paper analyzes the current challenges faced by biology education, including curriculum standards, pressure from college entrance examinations, disparities in educational resources between urban and rural areas, and teacher training. It also proposes corresponding solutions. The research indicates that by implementing innovative teaching content and improving assessment systems, it is possible to effectively enhance students' subject literacy, ecological ethics, and social responsibility. This provides both theoretical support and practical guidance for the reform of biology education in China. Future research will aim to further develop the theoretical framework, optimize the assessment system, and explore the application of emerging technologies in teaching to promote the sustainable development of biology education on a global scale.
Perspective des intervenants sur l’implantation initiale du programme Sage Usage
Authors: Alarie-Vézina Pascale , Plourde Chantal , Tremblay Joël , Laventure Myriam , Beauregard Jennifer , Picard Bertrand
Published: February 2025

Contexte : Au moment de l’étude, Sage Usage (SU) est un programme novateur s’adressant aux Premières Nations et aux Inuit (PNI) visant le développement de stratégies pour atteindre et maintenir un usage modéré d’alcool (il inclut désormais toutes les substances psychoactives). SU a fait l’objet d’un processus participatif de modification du programme Alcochoix+, visant à le rendre culturellement pertinent et cohérent avec les valeurs et réalités des PNI. L’article présente les résultats d’une étude d’implantation initiale réalisée entre 2020 et 2022.

Objectif : L’étude vise à documenter 1) le degré d’implantation du programme, 2) la perspective des intervenants formés au programme quant à leur expérience au stade d’implantation initiale, et 3) les facilitateurs et les obstacles à l’implantation.

Méthode : Des intervenants des communautés des PNI ayant reçu la formation (n=31) ont participé à des entrevues de groupe et individuelles portant sur leur expérience d’implantation du programme. Les verbatims des entretiens ont fait l’objet d’une analyse qualitative de contenu thématique avec NVivo.

Résultats : SU a été peu implanté dans sa première phase d’expérimentation et des enjeux en lien avec l’acceptabilité, l’adoption et la faisabilité ont été identifiés. SU est perçu par les participants comme ayant un bon niveau de convenance sur le plan du contenu (thèmes abordés, éléments culturels, etc.), mais moins sur celui de sa structure externe (séquence des activités, quantité de texte, vocabulaire, etc.). Des retombées positives sur les pratiques professionnelles des intervenants sont évoquées.

Discussion : SU bonifie l’offre de service des communautés et plusieurs modalités de prestation (formule couple, suivi post-thérapie, etc.) apparaissent prometteuses pour l’adapter aux besoins spécifiques des communautés.

Conclusion : Un engagement à long terme via une démarche flexible permettant aux communautés de s’approprier le programme apparait fondamental pour favoriser une implantation durable et pertinente de SU.
Critique de la notion de chronicité du trouble d’usage de substance
Authors: Beaulieu Myriam , Tremblay Joël
Published: February 2025

Dans le domaine de la santé, le terme « chronique » est généralement utilisé pour décrire des maladies incurables comme le diabète, l’hypertension ou l’asthme, mais il a également été adopté par des chercheurs et des institutions dans le domaine des dépendances pour caractériser la persistance du trouble d’usage de substances (TUS). Le modèle de maladie chronique du cerveau sur lequel s’appuie cette conception postule que le TUS est une maladie incurable pour l’ensemble des personnes qui en souffrent et qu’en l’absence de traitement, on observe une détérioration de leur condition au même titre que d’autres maladies chroniques. S’appuyant sur tout un corpus de données neuro-médicales indiquant que l’usage prolongé de substances psychoactives entraîne des modifications dans différentes structures du cerveau, les tenants du modèle de maladie chronique attestent que le maintien du TUS dans le temps est expliqué par l’effet de ces modifications sur la capacité d’une personne à exercer un contrôle sur ses comportements. Cet article vise à décrire les fondements théoriques de la notion de chronicité et d’en faire la critique. Après une brève mise en contexte historique, la conception actuelle de la chronicité sera décrite puis critiquée autour de trois éléments : 1) la notion d’incontrôlabilité ; 2) la notion d’irrévocabilité ; 3) la conception monolithique du TUS.
La « mémoire collective de l’humanité », sans humanité !
Authors: Quilleré-Majzoub Fabienne , Majzoub Tarek
Published: February 2025

L’eau per se, devient pour certains depuis quelques années, une « mémoire collective de l’humanité ». L’article se propose d’analyser la portée du concept d’humanité dans la notion de « mémoire collective de l’humanité ». Le but est d’identifier les « effets normatifs » de l’humanité dans l’ordre juridique international et d’examiner sa protection pénale. Il s’agit notamment de préciser la manière dont l’humanité s’articule aux autres concepts déjà connus ou en formation en droit international, et d’interroger les évolutions de l’autorité moderne de la souveraineté étatique.
Les composantes de l’obligation de protection in situ de la biodiversité en droit international de l’environnement*
Authors: Hubert Ta Lynda
Published: February 2025

Cet article fait suite à une précédente recherche, laquelle a permis de dégager l’existence d’une obligation de protection in situ de la biodiversité en droit international de l’environnement, incombant aux États en raison de leurs engagements internationaux. Il propose de décliner plus finement les composantes d’une telle obligation. En vue de cet objectif, il procède à une analyse positiviste des principaux instruments juridiques internationaux et régionaux de protection in situ de la biodiversité, complétée par une analyse doctrinale. Les résultats de l’analyse permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle fort attendu des États dans la protection des éléments de la biodiversité sur l’ensemble de leurs territoires nationaux et au-delà, particulièrement dans le contexte actuel de crise écologique planétaire. L’article démontre ainsi qu’il est attendu des États qu’ils protègent la biodiversité se trouvant sous leur juridiction selon des principes de durabilité et de façon à ne pas causer des dommages environnementaux en dehors de leurs frontières.
The Obligations of States to Cooperate under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Kentsa Etienne , Moyo Dongue Arnold
Published: February 2025

This article examines the obligation of States to cooperate under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The authors analyse all the relevant provisions of the Convention in order to determine the nature and scope of such an obligation. The obligation to cooperate thus enshrined is intricate in nature insofar as it has several facets. This intricacy is reflected in a range of duties to cooperate expressed in a variety of phrases. The latter are sometimes mandatory, sometimes hortatory. In some cases, cooperation is even optional for States Parties. Therefore, the article adopts an extensive approach to the obligation to cooperate. The latter includes the obligation to exchange information and the obligation to negotiate or consult. In this respect, the obligation to cooperate is tricky in nature. On the one hand, the obligation to exchange information is complex because it includes two mandatory sub-obligations: the obligation of publicity and the obligation to notify. On the other hand, there is an ambivalent obligation to negotiate or consult. The article further examines the semantic diversity of relevant UNCLOS provisions, the pursuit of special States’ interests and the paucity of coercive measures against States as potential hindrances to the performance of the obligation to cooperate. The authors recommend solutions to overcome such hindrances. Good faith execution, the reconciliation of State interests with community interests, and the use of countermeasures to induce compliance are respective solutions to these limitations.
Infrastructure Elements of a Viable Cycling Network in the United States
Authors: Nicholas Kelly
Published: February 2025

The number of drivers on the road in the U.S. has been steadily increasing since the automobile became a popular mode of transportation in the early 1900s. The growth of car popularity has caused a drastic increase in traffic congestion and vehicle-related accidents; the growth in automobile use is also putting an unplanned amount of stress on the nation’s infrastructure, causing deterioration to be far more rapid than was expected (Small, 1997). In Germany and the Netherlands, the response to increasing car traffic has been to alleviate it by encouraging use of bicycles and has seen widespread success (Pucher and Buehler, 2008b). This convenient and relatively cheap method of transportation can provide transportation to young and indigent people, reduce traffic congestion, alleviate pollution, and decrease annual wear on roads. However, the U.S. has safety and convenience limitations that prevent bikes from being practical for any use except leisure. People most frequently respond on surveys that safety concerns and inconvenience prevent them from biking (Langone-Danila and Fink, 2013). Proximity to vehicles on roadways and intersection design issues contribute most to hazardous conditions for cyclists. For the U.S. to ever become a biking nation, these risk factors must be addressed. Improving and expanding cycling infrastructure would make biking a viable transportation option in the U.S. In countries where cycling is popular for commuting, adequately developed infrastructure is the key element of their systems. Bike lanes and intersection alterations are the two main biking facilities that are most influential. By taking these two factors into consideration and making a bike network priority, the U.S. could see a huge increase in the number of cyclists on the road.
Microbes in the Middle: Elevation Gradients Reveal Drivers of Belowground Ecosystem Processes with Climate Change
Authors: Daws Caroline , Rawcastle Kenna
Published: February 2025

Elevation gradients are an excellent tool that allow scientists to investigate the impacts of temperature change within a single system. While the effects of elevation on aboveground plant communities have been well studied, the effects on microbially-mediated ecosystem function remain unclear. Here, we review how belowground ecosystem processes are affected both directly by temperature variation and indirectly through plant functional trait differences across elevation. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive belowground ecosystem function will enable more accurate predictions of how ecosystems as a whole will respond to climate change.
The Moving Image
Authors: Kaufman Peter B.
Published: February 2025

The definitive guidebook for using video in modern communication.

Video (television, film, the moving image generally) is today's most popular information medium. Two-thirds of the world's internet traffic is video. Americans get their news and information more often from screens and speakers than through any other means. The Moving Image is the first authoritative account of how we have arrived here, together with the first definitive manual to help writers, educators, and publishers use video more effectively. Drawing on decades as an educator, publisher, and producer, MIT's Peter Kaufman presents new tools, best practices, and community resources for integrating film and sound into media that matters.

Kaufman describes video's vital role in politics, law, education, and entertainment today, only 130 years since the birth of film. He explains how best to produce video, distribute it, clear rights to it, cite it, and, ultimately, archive and preserve it. With detailed guidance on producing and deploying video and sound for publication, finding and using archival video and sound, securing rights and permissions, developing distribution strategies, and addressing questions about citation, preservation, and storage—across the broadest spectrum of platforms, publications, disciplines, and formats—The Moving Image equips readers for the medium's continued ascendance in education, publishing, and knowledge dissemination in the decades to come. And, modeled in part on Strunk and White's classic, The Elements of Style, it's also a highly enjoyable read.
The Human Edge
Authors: Holyoak Keith J.
Published: February 2025

What makes human cognition distinct from animal and artificial forms of intelligence—and how analogies play a crucial role in our unique abilities.

In The Human Edge, cognitive scientist, poet, and translator Keith Holyoak takes a fresh look at what makes human intelligence special. His focus is analogy—the ability to see relational similarities between things that on the surface seem unalike. The book brings together a half century of research in cognitive, comparative, and developmental psychology, coupled with work in philosophy, law, education, linguistics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Rather than simply examining analogy as an isolated human ability, Holyoak places it in the broader context of a trinity of special human capacities—analogy, language, and understanding the minds of other people. Each of these capacities relies on distinct neural circuitry in the human brain.

Holyoak analyzes the similarities—and critical differences—between cognition in humans and in other intelligent animals, ranging from crows to chimpanzees. He also traces how relational thinking develops in children, emphasizing the distinctive advances that begin at about age three. Along the way, Holyoak paints a broad picture of how people use analogy in everyday life—to make jokes, to argue, to teach, to make moral judgments. He considers when an analogy counts as rational evidence—for or against a scientific hypothesis, or the judgment in a legal case. He also evaluates the most recent advances in artificial intelligence that have started to achieve complex tasks previously limited to humans while highlighting the distinctive aspects of human creativity.

In a time of rapid technological change, with ominous portents for society, this book provides a timely reexamination of what really counts as the human edge.
The New Lunar Society
Authors: Mindell David A.
Published: February 2025

How to create our industrial future with inspiration and lessons from the originators of the industrial revolution.

Climate change, global disruption, and labor scarcity are forcing us to rethink the underlying principles of industrial society. In The New Lunar Society, David Mindell envisions this new industrialism from the fundamentals, drawing on the eighteenth century when first principles were formed at the founding of the Industrial Revolution. While outlining the new industrialism, he tells the story of the Lunar Society, a group of engineers, scientists, and industrialists who came together to apply the principles of the Enlightenment to industrial processes. Those principles were collaboration, the marriage of practical and scientific knowledge, and the belief that the world could progress through making things.

The Lunar Society included pioneers like James Watt, Benjamin Franklin, and Josiah Wedgwood, and their conversations no less than ignited the Industrial Revolution and shaped the founding of the United States. Telling the stories of these makers in parallel with those of our current moment of crisis on multiple fronts, Mindell argues for a new industrialism. He asks: What does industry look like when it strives to optimize for the lowest carbon footprint as well as the greatest profit? When it values resilience as much as efficiency? When it upholds dignified, inclusive, sustainable work? Optimistic but not utopian about our ability to build the world, The New Lunar Society shines a light on how a new generation can reanimate the best ideas of our thinking doer forebears and begin to build a future that is both realistic and human-centered.
Perceptual versus attentional impairments of conscious access: Distinct neural mechanisms despite equal task performance
Authors: Noorman Samuel , Stein Timo , Fahrenfort Johannes J , van Gaal Simon
Published: February 2025

This study investigates failures in conscious access resulting from either weak sensory input (perceptual impairments) or unattended input (attentional impairments). Participants viewed a Kanizsa stimulus with or without an illusory triangle within a rapid serial visual presentation of distractor stimuli. We designed a novel Kanizsa stimulus that contained additional ancillary features of different complexity (local contrast and collinearity) that were independently manipulated. Perceptual performance on the Kanizsa stimulus (presence vs. absence of an illusion) was equated between the perceptual (masking) and attentional (attentional blink) manipulation to circumvent common confounds related to conditional differences in task performance. We trained and tested classifiers on electroencephalogram (EEG) data to reflect the processing of specific stimulus features, with increasing levels of complexity. We show that late stages of processing (∼200-250 ms), reflecting the integration of complex stimulus features (collinearity, illusory triangle), were impaired by masking but spared by the attentional blink. In contrast, decoding of local contrast (the spatial arrangement of stimulus features) was observed early in time (∼80 ms) and was left largely unaffected by either manipulation. These results replicate previous work showing that feedforward processing is largely preserved under both perceptual and attentional impairments. Crucially however, under matched levels of performance, only attentional impairments left the processing of more complex visual features relatively intact, likely related to spared lateral and local feedback processes during inattention. These findings reveal distinct neural mechanisms associated with perceptual and attentional impairments and thus contribute to a comprehensive understanding of distinct neural stages leading to conscious access.
Experiences of nursing students with virtual reality-based anatomy education in Korea: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Han Dallong , An Gyeong Ju
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of nursing students in Korea regarding virtual reality (VR)-based anatomy education.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 103 first-year nursing students who had participated in immersive VR-based anatomy education. Nursing students wore head mounted displays and controllers, and performed VR-based practice for 10 minutes per student. The submitted materials were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Elo and Kyngäs.Results: The collected materials were classified into three themes, six categories, and 14 subcategories. Three themes are emerged: (1) amazing experiential learning about the human body, (2) challenges in VR-based anatomy education, and (3) expandability of VR-based anatomy education. These results showed that nursing students who participated in VR-based anatomy education experienced “amazing” experiential learning about the human body in this new approach, with the vividness and knowledge consolidation of VR. However, nursing students experienced challenges in VR-based anatomy education related to the unfamiliarity and limitations of VR. Furthermore, they experienced the expandability of VR-based anatomy education by strengthening learning motivation and new approach to nursing education.Conclusion: This study will help in planning VR-based education in human anatomy by exploring the experiences of nursing students. It is suggested that VR-based education in human anatomy be expanded and implemented as part of regular anatomy practice within the curriculum rather than a one-time educational intervention.
Prevalence of Occupational Burnout among Resident Doctors at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jabeen Jaziya , Gopi Indu K , Varghese PR , Lofi EL Presthiena , Earali Jerry
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from a prolonged response to persistent job stress, characterised by overwhelming physical and mental exhaustion and a lack of accomplishment, which leads to decreased professional efficacy. With rising violence, medical errors and workplace demands, evaluating the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors has become increasingly important.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of occupational burnout in resident doctors at a tertiary care centre in India during the pandemic era.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare institute in Central Kerala, India among 114 resident doctors. The survey consisted of three parts, including demographic data, a validated 19-item questionnaire known as The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), which contains questions on burnout divided into three scales—personal, workrelated and patient-related—and a checklist of possible factors contributing to burnout identified through an extensive literature search. The data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.

Results: More than 75 residents (65.8%) experienced moderate burnout, with 51 (44.7%) reporting high personal burnout, 72 (63.2%) experiencing moderate work-related burnout, and 48 (42.1%) reporting moderate patient-related burnout. Feelings of loneliness, a lack of an adequate support system, discrimination or harassment in the workplace, specialties causing excessive workloads and a lack of confidence in dealing with patients correlated with work-related, patient-related, and total burnout (p-value <0.05). The pressure of malpractice suits was associated with high personal burnout (p-value=0.027). Additionally, workrelated responsibilities at home, lack of control, lengthy work hours and frequent call duties showed significant work-related burnout (p-value <0.05), while frequent call duties were linked to high patient-related burnout (p-value=0.036).

Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout in various domains— personal, work-related and patient-related—was found to be substantial, with approximately 65.8% of respondents reporting moderate total burnout. Various factors such as negative life events, work hours, experience, lack of an adequate support system, frequent call duties, patient deaths, discrimination faced in the workplace and many others were identified in this study.
Ciência Moderna e Abordagem Nomotética na Psicologia Contemporânea
Authors: J. O. S., BRANDO, , Gustavo Arja CASTAÑON,
Published: February 2025

The ‘idiographic’ and ‘nomothetic’ categories emerged with the Neo-Kantianism of the Baden School at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Its use, classifying the disciplines of empirical sciences, encouraged debates throughout the last century, particularly regarding the status of Psychology. In these debates, the ‘nomothetics’ category became equivalent to ‘empirical science.’ In this study, we analyze some central philosophical relationships, especially epistemic ones, between the original defi nition of ‘nomothetics’ and contemporary defi nitions of ‘modern science.’ We conclude that, although modern science is compatible with the original conception of ‘nomothetic’, it is not equivalente o it. This compatibility occurs exclusively at the epistemic level, the only possible strict meaning for using such a category in contemporary psychology.

Keywords: Empirical sciences, nomothetic, Philosophy of Psychology, Epistemology of Psychology, Philosophy of Science
Psicologia do Terrorismo: O que Motiva Pessoas a se Radicalizarem e Aderirem a Grupos Terroristas?
Authors: Woloszyn André Luís
Published: February 2025

This article aims to discuss the diff erent constructs in psychology, regarding the possible motivations for ordinary people to become involved with terrorist groups, in the practice of indiscriminate attacks against civilian populations. It addresses diff erent aspects of the topic. From those who defend the existence of psychological disorders to those who believe in the condition of normality in terms of mental health. It presents studies that seek to explain, in part, the behavior and motivation of suicide terrorists, the psychological impacts of conditioning and manipulation carried out by charismatic leaders.
It analyzes how beliefs can be distorted and directed towards hatred of a common enemy. It concludes that there is no evidence, in current research, that points to a single motivational profi le, but rather, a set of interconnected factors, manifested in areas where there is no social well-being, since hunger, violence and lack of perspectives, as occurs with religion, in the distortion of beliefs such as the concept of Jihad or Holy War, which allows the projection of repressed dissatisfactions onto objects and symbols of the other, the one considered the enemy.Keywords: Recruitment, terrorismo, motivation, radicalization, psycholog
Ablation of LRP6 in alpha‐smooth muscle actin‐expressing cells abrogates lung inflammation and fibrosis upon bleomycin‐induced lung injury
Authors: Sung Eun‐Ah , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Song SuJeong , Aung Theingi , Park Min Hee , Sime Patricia J. , Chae Wook‐Jin
Published: January 2025

Tissue fibrosis is a progressive pathological process with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). Myofibroblasts, identified by alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, play an important role in tissue fibrosis by producing ECM. Here, we found that the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf1 (DKK1) induced gene expressions associated with inflammation and fibrosis in lung fibroblasts. We demonstrated that genetic deletion of LRP6, a receptor for Wnt ligands and DKK1, in αSMA‐expressing cells using Acta2‐cre Lrp6fl/fl (Lrp6AKO) mice abrogated the bleomycin (BLM)‐induced lung inflammation and fibrosis phenotype, suggesting an important role for LRP6 in modulating inflammation and fibrotic processes in the lung. Our results highlight the crucial role of LRP6 in fibroblasts in regulating inflammation and fibrosis upon BLM‐induced lung injury.
Fairness amidst non‐IID graph data: A literature review
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Zhou Shuigeng , Walsh Toby , Weiss Jeremy C.
Published: January 2025

The growing importance of understanding and addressing algorithmic bias in artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a surge in research on AI fairness, which often assumes that the underlying data are independent and identically distributed (IID). However, real‐world data frequently exist in non‐IID graph structures that capture connections among individual units. To effectively mitigate bias in AI systems, it is essential to bridge the gap between traditional fairness literature, designed for IID data, and the prevalence of non‐IID graph data. This survey reviews recent advancements in fairness amidst non‐IID graph data, including the newly introduced fair graph generation and the commonly studied fair graph classification. In addition, available datasets and evaluation metrics for future research are identified, the limitations of existing work are highlighted, and promising future directions are proposed.
A Novel Ni‐42W‐10Co‐1Mo Medium–Heavy Alloy with Excellent Static/Dynamic Properties
Authors: Cao Guoxin , Dong Jianxin , Xie Guoliang , Nie Zhihua , Ma Tengfei , Fu Baoquan
Published: January 2025

A novel Ni‐42W‐10Co‐1Mo (wt%) medium‐heavy alloy (MHA) with excellent static/dynamic properties is designed and further optimized via heat treatment. The Ni‐42W‐10Co‐1Mo alloy is melted via vacuum induction melting (VIM)+vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and then forged into a billet. The forged microstructure is equiaxed grains, and the μ phase is arranged in a strip, forming a band structure. The grain size increases as the solution temperature increases from 1100 to 1250 °C, whereas the grain size in the precipitated phase region is relatively small because of the pinning effect. The Ni‐42W‐10Co‐1Mo alloy shows a balanced strength (yield strength of 530 MPa) and ductility (tensile strain of 55%) after solution treatment at 1200 °C. Moreover, the dynamic property of Ni‐42W‐10Co‐1Mo MHA is excellent, which exhibits a positive strain rate effect at strain rates ranging from 2000 to 5000 s−1. The flow stress is decreased after solution treatment, while the impact absorption energy is enhanced. The adiabatic shear band under a high strain rate is not observed under all conditions, indicating excellent impact resistance performance. The dislocation movement and twins are the main deformation mechanisms under a high strain rate. Moreover, the heterogeneous structure plays a positive effect on static and dynamic mechanical properties.
Impact of Layering Strategies on the Properties of In Situ Synthesized TiN/TC4 Laminated Materials via Laser‐Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Tai Zhiheng , Yang Yongqiang , Lv Jiale , Wei Yang , Chen Xiaoqi , Bi Guijun , Chen Jie , Chen Lijia , Zhou Wei , Trofimov Vyacheslav , Wang Di
Published: January 2025

Laser‐directed energy deposition (LDED) additive manufacturing presents significant advantages for fabricating laminated materials with enhanced mechanical properties. This study investigates the in situ synthesis of TiN/TC4 laminated materials, developed using different layering strategies in the LDED process under alternating atmospheres of pure argon and nitrogen–argon gas mixtures. The effects of these layering strategies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesized materials are systematically analyzed. As the proportion of in situ synthesized layers increases, significant microstructural evolution is observed: the average grain size increases, the structure transitions from a Widmanstätten pattern to a basketweave structure, and the grain morphology shifts from columnar to equiaxed crystals. Correspondingly, the elongation at fracture decreases, while tensile strength initially increases and then declines. Notably, the 2‐1 layering strategy achieves a peak tensile strength of 1135.0 ± 26.8 MPa, reflecting a 21.6% improvement compared to titanium alloy samples fabricated in a pure argon atmosphere. This study highlights the versatility of combining LDED with controlled deposition atmospheres to enable the tailored synthesis of laminated materials. The ability to manipulate microstructure and mechanical properties through specific layering strategies offers significant potential for advancing the development and application of high‐performance laminated materials.
3D‐Printed Biomimetic Ceramic Scaffolds with Photothermal/Chemodynamic Effects and Ionic Microenvironment for Preventing Tumor Recurrence and Promoting Vascularized Bone Reconstruction
Authors: lu Teliang , Xu Ziyang , He Yue , Shu Man , Wang Xiaolan , Zhang Yu , Wu Tingting , He Fupo
Published: January 2025

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant bone tumor predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults, characterized by a high mortality rate. A significant challenge in treatment is the presence of residual tumor cells and associated bone defects. Here, a novel functionalized biomimetic ceramic scaffold is presented, which combines photothermal and chemodynamic therapies to effectively target bone tumors while promoting vascularized bone regeneration through an optimized ionic microenvironment. The scaffold consists of a 3D‐printed zinc‐doped β‐tricalcium phosphate ceramic matrix and a biomimetic dopamine‐modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel membrane loaded with Ti3C2 MXene and iron ions. In the tumor microenvironment, the hydrogel membrane degrades rapidly, releasing iron ions that lead to glutathione depletion and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4. When exposed to near‐infrared light, Ti3C2 enhances local temperature and catalyzes the redox cycling of iron ions, leading to the generation of hydroxyl radicals through Fenton reactions. This process results in lipid peroxidation and induces ferroptosis of tumor cells. Following the clearance of residual tumor cells, the gradual release of iron and zinc ions encourages osteogenic differentiation and vascularization, facilitating vascularized bone regeneration. Therefore, the biomimetic ceramic scaffold exhibits effective anti‐osteosarcoma properties while supports bone repair, presenting a promising treatment option for osteosarcoma‐associated bone defects.
Prediction and Evaluation of Li2ZnS2 Crystals as Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material with High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Wu Qingchen , Dong Linfeng , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: January 2025

Infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are essential for laser applications in mid‐ or far‐IR regions. The common mid‐IR NLO crystals are inadequate under high‐power laser mainly due to low laser‐induced damage threshold which is closely related to the lattice thermal conductivity (κL). Here a combined method involving automatic structure prediction algorithms, first‐principles calculations and machine learning model is used to predict and evaluate a new IR NLO material family with the chemical formula of Li2ZnS2. Totally, three Li2ZnS2 structures (or phases) are designed, where one phase is expected to meet the stringent requirements for mid‐IR NLO materials pumped by high‐power laser, with the high thermal conductivity, decent NLO coefficient, wide bandgap and phase‐matching ability in the mid‐IR region. This study presents an efficient approach to exploring mid‐IR NLO materials with high κL based on accumulated knowledge concerning the structure‐property relationship in the NLO field and provides inspiration to improve κL prediction.
Electrochemical Oxidative Carbonylation/Coupling Reaction Using Anode to Oxidize the Trasition‐Metal‐Catalyst and Substrate
Authors: Peng Mengyu , Zhao Qingge , Zhao Longqiang , Li Huimin , Wang Shoucai , Jiang Guangbin , Ji Fanghua
Published: January 2025

We reported an electrochemical oxidative carbonylation of N‐phenylpyridin‐2‐amine derivatives under mild condtions without an external oxidant. Our approach demonstrated a novel electrochemical oxidative carbonylation reaction mode in which the simultaneous reaction of catalyst and substrate with the anode has been developed. Furthermore, an electrochemical C‐H activation for the synthesis of cyclized pyridinium ion has also been realized. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the process involved a “PdII/PdIII/PdI/PdII” catalytic cycle, and H2 was generated at the cathode.
High‐Conductivity, Self‐Healing, and Adhesive Ionic Hydrogels for Health Monitoring and Human‐Machine Interactions Under Extreme Cold Conditions
Authors: Han Fei , Chen Shumeng , Wang Fei , Liu Mei , Li Jiahui , Liu Hao , Yang Yanshen , Zhang Haoqing , Liu Dong , He Rongyan , Cao Wentao , Qin Xiaochuan , Xu Feng
Published: January 2025

Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are emerging as key materials for advanced human‐machine interactions and health monitoring systems due to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity. However, a major challenge remains in developing ICHs that simultaneously exhibit high ionic conductivity, self‐healing, and strong adhesion, particularly under extreme low‐temperature conditions. In this study, a novel ICH composed of sulfobetaine methacrylate, methacrylic acid, TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers, sodium alginate, and lithium chloride is presented. The hydrogel is designed with a hydrogen‐bonded and chemically crosslinked network, achieving excellent conductivity (0.49 ± 0.05 S m−1), adhesion (36.73 ± 2.28 kPa), and self‐healing capacity even at −80 °C. Furthermore, the ICHs maintain functionality for over 45 days, showcasing outstanding anti‐freezing properties. This material demonstrates significant potential for non‐invasive, continuous health monitoring, adhering conformally to the skin without signal crosstalk, and enabling real‐time, high‐fidelity signal transmission in human‐machine interactions under cryogenic conditions. These ICHs offer transformative potential for the next generation of multimodal sensors, broadening application possibilities in harsh environments, including extreme weather and outer space.
Trends and Factors Associated With Central Obesity in Schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: Cross Sectional Panel Study From 2002 to 2019
Authors: Medeiros Luís César de , Fragas Hinnig Patrícia de , Barboza Bernardo Paz , Assis Guedes Vasconcelos Francisco de , Soar Claudia
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess the trend and factors associated with central obesity in four cross‐sectional panels in schoolchildren aged 7–14 years between 2002 and 2019.

Methods

Waist circumference data were used to assess central obesity, and independent variables were gender, age, school shift (morning and afternoon), commuting to school method, mother's schooling, and family income. The chi‐square test was used to assess the association between outcome and independent variables, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of central obesity and the effect size by odds ratio.

Results

In total, 9939 students participated in all years of the research. The prevalence of central obesity was 26.4%, 27.1%, 30.0%, and 32.9% in 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2019, with an increase of ~25% between 2002 and 2019. In the adjusted analysis, schoolchildren assessed in 2019 were more likely to have central obesity at 49% (95% CI: 1.26–1.76), those who commuted passively had a probability of 13% (95% CI: 1.03–1.25) of being centrally obese; females and children aged 11–14 were 14% (95% CI: 0.78–0.94) and 13% (95% CI: 0.78–0.98) less likely to be centrally obese.

Conclusion

These findings reinforce the need to strengthen and expand public actions and policies that encourage a healthier and active lifestyle.
Continuous Flow Alkylation of Morpholine and Aniline catalyzed by Mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15
Authors: Sanoja-López Kelvin A , Nope Eliana , Luque Rafael
Published: January 2025

A continuous flow alkylation process is disclosed to synthesize N‐methylated derivatives of aniline and morpholine, compounds vital to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and polymer industries, using a mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15 catalyst. Conversions reached up to 99% with almost complete selectivity for monoalkylated products under optimized temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. Compared to traditional batch methods, the continuous flow system enabled precise control of reaction parameters, significantly enhancing efficiency, reducing solvent use, and minimizing by‐product formation. The results demonstrate the process's feasibility for industrial applications, emphasizing its potential for more sustainable, cost‐effective large‐scale production and the role of continuous flow systems in developing safer, scalable, and environmentally friendly chemical processes.
Exploring the Fate of Freshwater and Riparian Ecosystems Within National Forests and Developing Sustainable Recreation Patterns Across the American Intermountain West
Authors: Kesling Joshua Redford
Published: January 2025

Public parks and protected areas across the United States provide critical opportunities for nature and society, and as the burgeoning population continues to grow, protecting inland freshwater and riparian systems from overuse will require new conservation strategies. Especially considering rapidly developing regions like the Intermountain West, which retains some of the nation's most ecologically and recreationally important resources, finding long‐term solutions aimed at sustainable outdoor recreation and visitor‐use behaviours will assist in natural area conservation. Multiple‐use protected areas like national forests have received less attention as opposed to national parks and national recreation areas. In this work, I highlight how various outdoor recreational activities (e.g., shoreline hiking, boating, and angling) influence natural integrity across freshwater and riparian ecosystems. I cover outdoor recreation activities and influences across the United States Forest Service's Regions 1 and 4. Namely, the Intermountain West National Forest System, management aligns with multiple uses including timber extraction, water resource conservation, grazing, mineral usage, and the retention of biological diversity through habitat protection and recreational opportunities. I contend that this region's conservation planning initiatives must consider how growing outdoor recreational uses reliant on freshwater and riparian nature might induce ecosystem changes. Moreover, I also discuss how research from the fields of conservation psychology and the humanities can develop sustainable behaviour changes necessary to propagate meaningful change across protected areas.
Tuning mechanoluminescence colors from aromatic imides with dyes
Authors: Lee Seunghui , Jang Jeonghoon , Kim Gyeonghun , Bang Jiwon , Peterson Gregory I.
Published: January 2025

Aromatic imides are an important class of organic mechanoluminescence (ML) compounds. Color is one of the most important ML properties, and it was previously modified by preparing various aromatic imide derivatives using chemical synthesis. In this report, we present a simple alternative strategy where a single aromatic imide is solution‐mixed and crystallized with commercial organic dyes to produce mixtures that exhibit new ML colors. Specifically, using an aromatic imide with blue ML in its pure form, the ML could be changed to pink, yellow, or a weak white color using Eosin Y, Fluorescein, or Acridine Orange, respectively. The resulting mixtures could also be incorporated into waste polystyrene plastic to make composite materials with ML behavior.
Beaware of Intracardiac Potentials Induced by Intravascular Lithotripsy
Authors: Niizeki Daiki , Nakano Masataka
Published: January 2025

Background

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), that generates shockwaves through spark gap discharge between emitters, has been increasingly used to treat severely calcified coronary artery lesions. However, there is a question as to whether IVL has no electrical effects on endocardial tissues or cardiac implantable devices (CIEDs).

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IVL‐induced intracardiac potentials on cardiac electrophysiology and CIEDs. Specifically, we examined how spark gap discharge of IVL influence myocardial electrical activity and the sensing function of CIEDs.

Methods and Results

We conducted a preliminary in vitro experiment using an IVL and a pacemaker placed in a saline‐filled container, where we observed that the pacemaker did indeed detect the discharge of IVL, leading to pacing inhibition. Then, 13 patients undergoing PCI with IVL were investigated with real‐time monitoring of in vivo intracardiac electrogram (EGM) synchronized with body surface ECG, with an external temporary pacing lead placed in the right ventricle. Similar to the above experiment, we found that IVL pulses were indeed detected on the EGM and sensed by the temporary pacemaker. Of the 287 IVL pulses outside the range of absolute refractory period, 59 (20.6%) captured the ventricle, while the remaining 228 (79.4%) did not elicit any electrical myocardial activity.

Conclusions

Our observations indicate concerns about the use of IVL: the risk of inducing fatal arrhythmia and the occurrence of cardiac arrest or bradycardia in the CIED‐dependent patients. IVL users should be aware of the potential risk of such events.