bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bankenstrukturreformen und die Rolle von Banken-Holding-Konzernen
Authors: Grandjean Iwona Matylda
Published: December 2020

In response to the recent banking and financial crisis, legislators around the world have focused not only on numerous new regulations to improve the capital adequacy of banks, but also on the need to separate commercial and investment banking. In this context, this study analyses fundamental structural issues. It examines to which extent holding organisations are compatible with separation requirements, and therefore can contribute to addressing systemic risks within the framework of macro-prudential regulation.
Boundaries and Belonging in the Greek Community of Georgia
Authors: Höfler Concha Maria
Published: December 2020

Georgia’s Greek minority defies conventional accounts of how language relates to national and religious identification. With two heritage languages, ‘Turkish’ Urum and Pontic ‘Greek’, its members are recognised as Greeks in Georgia but not always in Greece. Carefully following interviewees as they navigate intricate constellations of belonging amid the tidemarks of the Soviet past, this book offers new insights into conversational sense-making and explores the (un)making of boundaries as a complex, dynamic and context-dependent process. Concha Maria Höfler’s sensitive analysis will be equally valuable to linguistic ethnographers, border scholars and to anyone studying nationalism and identification in the post-Soviet space and beyond.
DEFA-Geschichte in Filmen
Authors: Grisko Michael
Published: December 2020

In 12 contributions, central aesthetic positions of GDR feature film and cultural history are presented on the basis of exemplary films from four decades. DEFA, the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic, produced around 700 films of all genres between 1946 and 1992, many of which are part of German film heritage. Among the films the author discusses are ‘Der Untertan’ (The Kaiser’s Lackey) (1951), ‘Das Lied der Matrosen’ (The Sailor’s Song) (1949), ‘Das Mädchen auf dem Brett’ (The Girl on the Diving Board) (1967), ‘Die unverbesserliche Barbara’ (The Incorrigible Barbara) (1977), ‘Thomas Müntzer – Ein Film deutscher Geschichte’ (Thomas Muentzer) (1954), ‘Rivalen am Steuer’ (1957), (Rivals at the Wheel) ‘Ach, du fröhliche’ (A Lively Christmas Eve) (1962), ‘Zünd’ an, es kommt die Feuerwehr’ (Here comes the Fire Brigade) (1977), ‘Die Verlobte’ (The Fiancee) (1980) and ‘Wengler und Söhne’ (Wengler and Sons) (1986/87).
Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Antibody-Mediated Rejections in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Fukushima Norihide
Published: December 2020

Despite the improvement of immunosuppressive therapy in heart transplantation (HTx), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is still a great obstacle to prolong cardiac graft survival. Anti-donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), especially anti-donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody, lead to heart graft failure resulting in hemodynamic consequence and often in the recipient death. To prevent hyperacute rejection, prospective complement-dependent cytotoxicity test has been performed in every cardiac donor in Japan. But in other solid organ transplantations, flow cytometry crossmatch has been recently recommended to crossmatch to select the recipient in Japan as well as the world. However, flow cytometry is too sensitive to select the recipient, because not all DSAs determined by flow cytometry are cytotoxic to the cardiac graft. On the first complement classical pathway, alloantibodies bind to HLA antigens on cells of the graft and then recruit C1q, which is essential to make membrane attack complex and kill the cell. We review a role of the novel monitoring method of complement pathway regarding C1q in occurrence of AMR and its diagnostic and therapeutic significance in managing AMR in HTx.
Use of Olive Mill Wastewaters as Bio-Insecticides for the Control ofPotosia Opacain Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Meddich Abdelilah , Boutasknit Abderrahim , Anli Mohamed , Ait Ahmed Meriame , El Abbassi Abdelilah , Boutaj Hanane , Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , Boumezzough Ali
Published: December 2020

The date palm is one of the most economically important perennial plants of the North Africa and in Morocco, where it is extensively cultivated for food and many other commercial purposes. Palm trees are threatened by many pests such as Potosia opaca newly identified in Morocco, especially in Marrakesh and Errachidia regions. In addition, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are an environmental problem in olive oil producing countries such as Morocco. Generally, these effluents are drained into ecosystems without any pre-treatment. To reduce their negative impact and to get benefits in particular from their high phenolic content, OMW were used as bio-insecticides in crude form. The results showed that crude OMW were effective to control this pest causing a weight loss similar to Cordus insecticide (17% vs. 15%) and mortality almost similar to Kemaban insecticide. OMW’s biocide potential was related principally to their high phenolic content. Based on HPLC analysis, ten phenolic molecules were identified, including two which were revealed as the major monomeric phenolic compounds in OMW, 0.248 g/L of hydroxytyrosol and 0.201 g/L of tyrosol. In this chapter, the potential use of OMW as bio-insecticides for the control of P. opaca in date palm is discussed.
Hybrid Rice in Africa: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges
Authors: Oppong Abebrese Samuel , Yeboah Alex
Published: December 2020

Hybrid rice varieties exploit the phenomenon of heterosis to out-yield their inbred counterpart to increase productivity per unit area. Unlike inbred rice varieties whose seeds could be used for replanting season after season, farmers will have to purchase seeds of hybrids every season to obtain the expected yield and other quality attributes. While the hybrid system is a disadvantage to farmers in terms of mandatory seed purchase, it serves as a motivation and opportunity for private seed companies to recoup their investment and therefore encourages their involvement in seed production research and development. Hybrid rice technology originated from China and is well commercialized in Asia and the Americas. Africa is among the few places where hybrid rice is still not fully commercialized. Besides Egypt, many African countries have just begun to exploit the benefits of hybrid rice technology. A number of introduced hybrids have exhibited a 15–20% yield advantage over the available top inbred varieties. Most African countries also have a conducive environment for viable hybrid rice seed production. Besides other pertinent challenges, some which can be addressed technically, there should be a recommended production package that will give farmers the best of yield to enable hybrid rice contribute to attaining rice self-sufficiency in Africa.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction
Authors: Jakeer Hussain Shaik , Raja Sumant Gurajapu
Published: December 2020

Epilepsy is a nervous disease which causes seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) gives complex information about the brain dynamics but its visual inspection is difficult and requires skilled interpreters. Source localization means identifying the area of the brain where a seizure can occur. In general, source localization is necessary for patients with a special condition in epilepsy, i.e. when their disease is resistant to drugs. One-third of the people having epilepsy are drug resistant and the latest anti-epileptic drugs cannot stop the seizures completely. Unexpected occurrence of seizure disturbs the quality of life and causes physical damage and thus epilepsy should be predicted. This study will use various signal processing methods to extract features by studying the pre-ictal and inter-ictal periods, localize the source and then finally predict epilepsy with the help of Artificial Neural Networks. The knowledge thus derived can help in preparing a wearable brain - computer interface.
A Fully Discrete SIPG Method for Solving Two Classes of Vortex Dominated Flows
Authors: Song Lunji
Published: December 2020

To simulate incompressible Navier–Stokes equation, a temporal splitting scheme in time and high-order symmetric interior penalty Galerkin (SIPG) method in space discretization are employed, while the local Lax-Friedrichs flux is applied in the discretization of the nonlinear term. Under a constraint of the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition, two benchmark problems in 2D are simulated by the fully discrete SIPG method. One is a lid-driven cavity flow and the other is a circular cylinder flow. For the former, we compute velocity field, pressure contour and vorticity contour. In the latter, while the von Kármán vortex street appears with Reynolds number 50≤Re≤400, we simulate different dynamical behavior of circular cylinder flows, and numerically estimate the Strouhal numbers comparable to the existing experimental results. The calculations on vortex dominated flows are carried out to investigate the potential application of the SIPG method.
Biomineralization of Magnetosomes: Billion-Year Evolution Shaping Modern Nanotools
Authors: Nascimento Correa Tarcisio , Nunes Taveira Igor , Presciliano de Souza Filho Rogerio , de Avila Abreu Fernanda
Published: December 2020

Biomineralization in the microbial realm usually gives origin to finely structured inorganic nanomaterials. Perhaps, one of the most elegant bioinorganic processes found in nature is the iron biomineralization into magnetosomes, which is performed by magnetotactic bacteria. A magnetosome gene cluster within the bacterial genome precisely regulates the mineral synthesis. The spread and evolution of this ability among bacteria are thought to be a 2,7-billion-year process mediated by horizontal gene transfers. The produced magnetite or greigite nanocrystals coated by a biological membrane have a narrow diameter dispersibility, a highly precise morphology, and a permanent magnetic dipole due to the molecular level control. Approaches inspired by this bacterial biomineralization mechanism can imitate some of the biogenic nanomagnets characteristics in the chemical synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Thus, this chapter will give a concise overview of magnetosome synthesis’s main steps, some hypotheses about the evolution of magnetosomes’ biomineralization, and approaches used to mimic this biological phenomenon in vitro.
Three Questionable Assumptions of Philosophical Counseling
Authors: Amir Lydia B. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Philosophical practice or counseling has been described as a cluster of meth­ods for treating everyday problems and predicaments through philosophical means. Not­withstanding the variety of methods, philosophical counselors seem to share the following tenets: 1. The counselee is autonomous; 2. Philosophical counseling differs from psychological counseling and 3. Philosophical counseling is effective in solving predicaments. A critical examination shows these to be problematic at both theoretical and practical levels. As I believe that philosophical practice is a valuable contribution both to philosophy and to psychology, though not devoid of potential dangers and misuses, I suggest that philosoph­ical counselors reconsider the theoretical and empirical validity of their tenets. Using my experience as a philosophical counselor, I attempt in this paper to contribute to this task while introducing the reader to what are, in my opinion, the main problems in the field.
Gerd B. Achenbach’s ‘Beyond-Method’ Method
Authors: Zinaich, Jr. Samuel ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

In this essay, I take up the question of whether Gerd B. Achenbach’s ‘beyond-method’ method provides a suitable approach to counseling for the philosophical counselor. Achenbach maintains that the best method to counseling is one that is beyond any one single system. Many scholars have expressed an increasing dissatisfaction with such a methodology. Although these critiques of Achenbach are helpful, I argue that they do not capture the real problem with his counseling method. After I discuss this additional difficulty, I conclude that it is beyond all dispute that the methods of philosophical counseling should be advanced along different lines.
The Depathologization of Everyday Life
Authors: Mehuron Kate ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Philosophical counseling offers a depathologizing practice that can benefit both the practitioner and the client. Philosopher Michel Foucault’s account of biopower is a useful analytic of the psychopathologization of everyday life, and can show the social signif­icance of philosophical practice. This essay critiques the conflation, by some philosophical practitioners, of the medical disease model and all psychotherapeutic methods. Foucault’s conflation of human normativity and normalization is also critiqued. Historian of science Georges Canguilhem’s alternative account of human normativity within the medical disease model is offered as an antidote to the conflations by these philosophical practitioners and Foucault. Philosophical practitioners ought to give up objectivist claims to value neutrality and acknowledge that the interventions of philosophical counseling in clinical diagnostic discourses are normative, theory-laden, and politically significant.
For What are We Born to Become?
Authors: Miller Carol ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

For what are we born to become as Homo Sapiens? This question is answered in this article on the logotherapy of Dr. Viktor Frankl. This article commences with an exploration of human ontology guided by the philosophy of existentialism. This exploration leads to a continuation of this article by an explanation of logotherapy in theoretical principles and therapeutic processes. This explanation leads to the conclusion of this article by an application of logotherapy in three cases. This article is written with a creative synthesis that engages philosophical thoughts and psychological practices for logotherapists in the 21st Century.
Prognostic Significance of Subungual Anatomic Site in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Authors: Mejbel Haider A. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Milton Denái R. , Ivan Doina , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Ciurea Ana M. , Rubin Adam I. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: December 2020

Context.—

Acral lentiginous melanoma is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous melanoma that arises on the acral skin and the nail unit. The prognostic significance of subungual anatomic site in acral lentiginous melanoma is not established.

Objective.—

To assess the impact of subungual anatomic site on overall survival and disease-specific survival in acral lentiginous melanoma.

Design.—

Retrospective cohort analysis. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 627 primary acral lentiginous melanomas (45 [7%] subungual and 582 [93%] nonsubungual) were summarized, and the impact of these characteristics on overall survival and disease-specific survival was determined using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results.—

No significant differences in clinicopathologic features were identified between the subungual and nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanomas. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 81%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma and 94%, 59%, and 38%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .04); risk of death was significantly higher for subungual tumors (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.59 [1.02–2.50]; P = .04). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 94%, 56%, and 48%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma versus 96%, 69%, and 55%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .18). By multivariable analysis, independent poor prognostic factors included older age and ulceration for overall survival and greater Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node positivity for overall survival and disease-specific survival. Subungual anatomic site was not an independent prognostic factor for overall or disease-specific survival.

Conclusions.—

Subungual anatomic site is not an independent prognostic factor for acral lentiginous melanoma.
A Simplified Brain Blocking Protocol Optimized for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease Saves Time and Money While Preserving Anatomic Relationships
Authors: Clement Nathan F. , DeWitt John C. , Frosch Matthew P. , Martinez-Lage Maria , Samore Wesley R. , Hedley-Whyte E. Tessa
Published: December 2020

Context.—

Postmortem evaluation for neurodegenerative disease is expensive in time and materials. These challenges can be met by implementing simpler sampling protocols while preserving anatomic relations.

Objective.—

To determine the diagnostic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a simplified brain blocking protocol compared with the standard blocking protocol used in our Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC).

Design.—

We prospectively compared the neuropathologic diagnoses established from our standard 19-cassette/19 brain sites ADRC protocol to a simplified 6-cassette/12 brain sites protocol in 52 consecutive cases. The simplified protocol generated 14 slides for comparison to 52 slides from our standard protocol.

Results.—

Compared with the ADRC protocol the simplified protocol produced Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes probability scores that were the same in 50 of 52 cases (r = 0.99). Staging for Lewy pathology was equivalent in 45 of 52 (r = 0.98), scoring for cerebral amyloid angiopathy was equivalent in 48 of 52 (r = 0.97), and grading for arteriolosclerosis was the same in 45 of 52 cases (r = 0.92). Progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 4), multiple system atrophy (n = 2), and corticobasal degeneration (n = 1) could be diagnosed by either protocol independently. The estimated savings per case was 72% or $1744.89 ($2436.37 [ADRC] versus $691.48 [simplified]).

Conclusions.—

The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease at autopsy can be done accurately with a less expensive, simplified protocol. Our protocol is similar to those of previously published approaches, but it has a simpler organization scheme. This method should be valuable to institutions where autopsy cost considerations may be important.
Cultura independente: a reprodutibilidade técnica em Walter Benjamin aplicada à era da comunicação digital - o caso ‘Duo Finlândia’
Authors: Santos Rodolpho Raphael de Oliveira , Lins de Sá Getulio Salviano
Published: December 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise do ensaio ‘A obra de arte na era da sua reprodutibilidade técnica’ de Walter Benjamin relacionando as questões elucidadas pelo autor à banda Duo Finlândia. A proposta é analisa-la sob a perspectiva de sua relação com as mídias digitais e indústria cultural na construção de um novo cenário cujos papeis midiáticos tornam-se elementos norteadores neste novo processo comunicacional.
HOLGADO, Andrea. (2019). Radionautas: el lenguaje sonoro en la narrativa transmedia. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Parmenia. 144 páginas, ISBN: 978-978-4168-24-5
Authors: Abreu Colombri José Antonio
Published: December 2020

Resenha
El desarrollo histórico del principio de lealtad federal en el derecho alemán
Authors: Mimentza Martín Janire
Published: December 2020

El «padre» del principio de la lealtad federal - Rudolf SMEND - ha pasado a la historia por su aportación en la obra «Derecho Constitucional no escrito en el Estado Federal Monárquico.» Por primera vez en la historia del constitucionalismo alemán y en contra de la doctrina constitucionalista del Imperio de 1871, presentó y analizó el principio lealtad federal de forma jurídica y sistemática dotándolo de fuerza normativa. Aunque originariamente fue desarrollado para el contexto de una monarquía constitucional, lo fue adaptando a las diferentes épocas y formas de Estado. Por ello, desde el punto de vista histórico los enfoques bajo la Constitución del Imperio Alemán de 1871 y Constitución Republicana de Weimar de 1919 son de suma importancia. Muestra de ello es que el Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemán en sus más tempranos pronunciamientos sobre la lealtad federal (ej.: STCF 1, 299; 12, 205) hace explícita referencia a la obra de SMEND. En concreto, son sentencias sobre el principio fundadas en las «profundas raíces dogmáticas e históricas» del ordenamiento alemán. Por ello, todavía hoy las posturas doctrinales sobre el principio del Bundestreue en las fases iniciales de formación del Estado alemán son de decisiva importancia. En el caso español los trabajos sobre el desarrollo histórico de este principio destacan por su ausencia. Carencia que dificulta entender su significado y alcance. Ha sido precisamente el  objetivo de este trabajo el llenar este vacío.
Suicidio asistido y libre desarrollo de la personalidad en la República Federal de Alemania
Authors: Riquelme Vázquez Pablo
Published: December 2020

Este documento analiza la controversia jurídica suscitada en la República Federal de Alemania en torno a la prohibición del favorecimiento comercial del suicidio. En su primer apartado, se explica brevemente el marco jurídico para las decisiones al final de la vida. Para ello, se hace hincapié en el acto delictivo contencioso vigente en el país desde 2015 y refleja el estado de la técnica de acuerdo con la principal literatura científica en este sentido. La segunda parte analiza la reciente sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán que declara inconstitucional la mencionada prohibición de fomentar comercialmente el suicidio. En particular, en esta parte se examina la construcción de un derecho a una muerte autodeterminada llevada a cabo por el último intérprete de la Ley Fundamental Alemana. En tercer y último lugar, el documento extrae dos conclusiones del análisis anterior. La primera es de carácter funcional y, dado que el Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán no excluyó tal posibilidad, se refiere a la viabilidad de conceptos alternativos de regulación. El segundo corolario tiene un carácter dogmático y consiste en evaluar la significativa omisión del derecho a la vida en la argumentación del alto tribunal alemán.
Dynamics of leadership styles within the Ogoni and Ijaw movements in the Niger Delta
Authors: Mai-Bornu Zainab Ladan
Published: December 2020

Much of the literature on the Niger Delta deals with the Ogoni and Ijaw groups together, as having common lived experiences within a shared geographical location. However, the nature of the leaderships led the two movements to adopt distinct strategies in their struggles against the Nigerian state and multinational oil companies. Successful collective action is often ascribed to effective leadership and to the employment of social identity to drive collective group behaviour. Building on the Comparative Case Studies approach, this article compares the nature of leadership within the two movements, and particularly the choices that led Ogoni leaders to preach nonviolence and Ijaw leaders to advocate violence. The article analyses the role of the leaders in determining the strategies adopted by the movements, and examines the importance of the psychological drivers of the collective narratives developed by the two groups of leaders in accounting for the different trajectories. These issues are investigated within the social and political psychological context utilising three axes of comparison — vertical, horizontal and transversal. Findings suggest that strategic choices are frequently based on charismatic leadership, particularly when group leaders are able to utilise a heightened awareness of identity, and on conscious and unconscious fears linking past and current threats.
The relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion: The mediating role of intergroup threat and social distance
Authors: Hadarics Márton , Szabó Zsolt Péter , Kende Anna
Published: December 2020

In our study, we investigated the relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion. Since collective narcissists are motivated to see their group as unique and superior, and tend to show hostility towards outgroups threatening this presumed superiority, we hypothesized that perceived intergroup threat and social distance can mediate the relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion. We tested this assumption in two intergroup contexts by investigating the beliefs of members of the Hungarian majority population about Muslim immigrants and Roma people. Our results showed that collective narcissism had a positive indirect effect on group-based moral exclusion in the case of both outgroups. Furthermore, both threat and social distance were significant mediators in the case of Muslim immigrants, but mostly social distance mediated the indirect effect of collective narcissism on moral exclusion of the Roma. These results indicate that collective narcissists tend to rationalize their intergroup hostility by the mechanism of motivated moral exclusion, and to find suitable justifications for doing so.
Study of Criminal Psychology in Indonesian Literature
Authors: Ahmadi Anas
Published: December 2020

This criminal psychology research aims to explore the criminal behavior contained in modern Indonesian literature. This is based on the fact that literature is considered as a creative work that represents elements of criminal behavior that can be viewed from the perspective of criminal psychology. The research method used was qualitative by referring to the interpretation of the text in depth. The data used in the study were literary texts which represent criminal behavior. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of identification, classification, reduction, analysis, exposure, and verification. The result showed that criminal behavior in Indonesian literature is related to corruption, sexual crime, and transnational crime.
Socio-Legal Perspective of Gender Justice in Covid-19 Handling Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Yuli Sulistyawan Aditya , Padmahantara Antonius Eka
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a global health emergency but also leads to a recession of the global economy on a large scale. This economic recession will certainly also affect women and men differently. In the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the policies of Indonesia’s Government was the issuance of Government Regulation 21 of 2020 on large-scale social restrictions
to accelerate the handling of COVID-19. This policy raises a wide range of impacts on women in the context of women's positions in the family and as a working woman. Thus, gender mainstreaming in the handling of COVID-19 to realize gender justice should be a special concern, especially since women have been exposed to the vulnerability of COVID-19, as well as enduring the distinctive impact of the COVID-19 handling policy regarding social roles in families and communities.
Experiences of Vulnerable Children in a South African Public Child and Youth Care Centre
Authors: Van der Merwe Petro
Published: December 2020

The article reflects on community engagement as an excellent method to build upon researchers’ cumulative knowledge in a specific discipline and to demonstrate the integration of that knowledge with real-life issues. This is followed by a literature review that examines complex life situations of the interaction between parenting and child abuse, specifically between structures and child welfare systems, that capture the lines between circumstances and individual action. A phenomenological approach is adopted of descriptive qualitative nature regarding the perception of the psychosocial well-being of vulnerable children in a child and youth care centre in Tshwane, South Africa. Findings point to the nature and extent of violence against children in South Africa. As this article does not cover the complete field of the welfare system, the aim is to foster a greater understanding of this system, which might lead to better and more research on vulnerable children after being placed in a child and youth care centre. Explanations offered include legislation and coordination mechanisms, including the associated gaps and challenges.
Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)'s Shadow Economy Assessment Methodology
Authors: Karatayeva Tamara A. , Danilova Elena V. , Parfenova Olga T. , Evseev Prokopiy V. , Kampeeva Elena E.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the shadow economy assessment methodology. This article presents a comprehensive study of the parameters of a shadow economy, considers its essence, and defines its terminology. This study outlines the historical approach to the development of the shadow economy, both in Russia and worldwide, and gives a brief analysis of the economy of the Republic of Sakha. The authors examined the specifics of the statistical methods applied in assessing various structural elements of a shadow economy and measured and assessed the shadow economy in this region. The research conducted enabled the authors to formulate the main measures required to reduce the shadow economy. The scientific novelty is justified by the research results, which included studying and summarizing a wide range of published and unpublished materials, the examination of the initial and transitional periods of the shadow economy development in Yakutia. The article reveals the main causes and conditions that lead to the formation of the shadow economy in various sectors of the Yakutia economy. The solutions and suggestions proposed in the article are aimed at reducing the shadow economy parameters. The scientific research results are of theoretical and applied importance for public administration and authorities to improve the effectiveness of the fight against the shadow economy manifestations.
Death Penalty and Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Purba Nelvitia , Tanjung Ali Mukti , Pramono Rudy , Purwanto Agus
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research was to investigate whether the applicable death penalty in the Criminal Laws of Republic of Indonesia violates the human rights or not. To achieve the objectives of the research, both legal research and social-legal research method were used. Then, the respondents of the research were the representative supreme courts, official commissions, law experts, religious leaders and non-governmental organization. Depth interview and document study were chosen as data sources of the research, then, interview guidelines, note-taking, and voice recorder were used to be the instruments of the research. Death penalty is not contradictory with human rights as stated in Presidential Regulation No 2 of 1964 discussing the death penalty in Indonesia is applicable for those who commit serious crimes, namely; murder, drug possession, terrorist, and corruption. It is also corresponding to International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7 Verse (2) – (6), which is stated that death penalty must be performed in proper methodology without both imprisonment for years and mental suffering. Death penalty is legally stated in Indonesia law that it is not recognized as cruel action in which the death penalty have never been resulting both physical and psychological pain as well as stated in Covenant and Political Right.
Legal Protection for Women Victims of Trafficking in Indonesia in an International Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Rai Yuliartini Ni Putu , Sudika Mangku Dewa Gede
Published: December 2020

The research aims to analyze the legal protection of women victims of trafficking in Indonesia in an international human rights perspective. The type of research used is empirical normative legal research. The data obtained from this study is primary and secondary data obtained from the results of field research and literature analyzed and reviewed its legal relevance and used to decipher conceptions and theories used in this study, then the data obtained is analyzed qualitatively through a statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the legal protection of women victims of people trafficking in the perspective of International Human Rights is found in Act of number 21/2007 about the Eradication of People Trafficking Crimes, but the provision of a form of protection against female victims is not supported by implementing regulations, such as government regulations.
Intercultural Communication and Values-Based Orientations of Youth: Social Mobility and Problems of Self-Realisation
Authors: Tolmacheva Svetlana V. , Skok Natalia I. , Fomichev Igor Yu.
Published: December 2020

The ability to interact at the level of interpersonal communication allows to say that young people not only perceive society as an environment for their self-realisation, but also use it to gain new experience, that can determine the development of an individual. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that each act of communication must be implemented for the purposes of development under certain conditions that affect not only the communication environment itself, but also other forms of interaction at the level of the individual, communality or community. The novelty of the subject matter is determined by the fact that the formation of intercultural communication is possible only if programs of social mobility and, accordingly, cultural exchange are implemented. The authors show that such progress is most likely to be achieved in the external environment, which is determined by the presence of external influences. The authors of the paper primarily refer to this effect as the environment of an educational institution. The leading research method is a sociological survey and the method of analysis, which make it possible to comprehensively consider the value priorities and preferences that are characteristic of modern student youth. The practical significance of the study is determined by structuring and factor analysis, which allows to distribute the cultural layer into various social groups and ensure youth intercultural exchange both in the context of local student communication and in the context of an increase in the level of academic mobility.
Tort Liability of Medical Workers in the Patient Safety System in Ukraine and the World
Authors: Horislavska Inna V. , Marits Dariia O. , Piddubnyi Oleksii Yu. , Shatkovska Daryna M. , Shatkovskiy Yaroslav M.
Published: December 2020

Health 2020: European health and well-being policy. It focuses on supporting the actions of governments and society in the direction of significantly improving the health and well-being of the population; reducing the level of inequality in receiving medical services; promoting the health of everyone; ensuring that the health care system is "human-centred". The position of the World Health Organization is unequivocal – "the most important general health issue internationally" is patient safety (an integral component of service quality). It was proven that the reduction in the number of medical errors and similar health-related situations is the result of the integration and coordination of services through the participation of patients and consumers of medical services. The purpose of the paper is to investigate and compare the features of tort liability of medical workers under the legislation of Ukraine and the standards of the World Health Organisation. Our research is based on such methods as comparative legal method, method of analysis, formal legal method, as well as bibliographic method. Semasiology of the concept of "tort liability" for health professionals in Ukraine has differences in comparison with the WHO standards. Accordingly, the level of patient safety in Ukraine is such that needs to be improved to meet international standards.
Non-Authentic Property Declaring as a Qualifying Feature of a Corruption Offense: The Experience of Eu Countries
Authors: Akimov Mykhailo O. , Kholostenko Andrii V. , Yavorska Iryna M. , Dragan Olena V. , Burak Stepan V.
Published: December 2020

Declaring property is a method of fighting and preventing corruption. Making it mandatory to provide information about the property causes a number of problems that are related to the inaccuracy of the declaration information. European Union (EU) countries have different approaches to providing information and property information. Significant differences in the requirements for declaring income and assets were revealed. It was done on the basis of the data analysis. The systems of declaration and verification of information on the property of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries were studied in this work. The difference in the procedures of verification of authenticity and establishment of responsibility in case of detection of violation is determined. It is determined that smaller sanctions have been imposed in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe with a higher level of corruption. Sanctions mainly relate to the imposition of fines. In Greece, penalties for administrative fines vary considerably in the number of fines and, in some cases, it might be imprisonment for up to 10 years. The system of verification of declarations also varies significantly within Central and Eastern Europe: from verification of declarations, in particular randomly or automatically, the usage of risk assessment methodology for inaccurate information of the declarant to the notification of unjustified amount of property. It is determined that the inspection takes place as a result of bringing a person to justice in 6 countries.
Law and Person: Modernity and Forecasting
Authors: Onishchenko Nataliya M. , Lutskyi Roman P.
Published: December 2020

This study will investigate the efficiency of law, considering the relevant objective and subjective factors. The authors would like to emphasise that in no case this publication is intended to cast doubts on the universality of legal provisions, but rather, on the contrary, to emphasise it; as well as to emphasise what modern law must demonstrate nowadays, so that no such doubts arise in relation to this paper. The law itself is not effective – it is free people, who are subjects of law in their relations. A free person is an intelligent being who has the will, the gift of thinking, is capable of producing tools and can consciously use them. However, the mere biological in human does not define it as a person. Personality is described by a combination of biological content and social qualities. That is why the latter acts as a legal subject that embodies the legal existence, the principle of law, and acts as its carrier and implementer. An important issue in this context is the clear delineation of concepts such as progress, progressive change, and the usual (appropriate) standardisation, the proper performance of a certain phenomenon of its mandatory functions. In this study, the authors will try to answer the extent to which the law demonstrates its relevance in the life of the average person, civil society, the state to address certain contemporary issues.
Legal Consequences of Mock Transactions
Authors: Kossak Volodymyr , Yakubivskyi Ihor , Oprysko Mykola , Tsikalo Volodymyr , Bek Yulian
Published: December 2020

In order to increase the material benefits, in order not to pay taxes or to pay less, in order to conceal information and for other purposes, the parties entering into legal relations become participants in mock transactions. The practise of mock transactions is to replace the conclusion of a single document, such as a sale one, with the conclusion of a contract of charitable contribution. The practise of using mock transactions is quite common and it is almost impossible to prove the nature of the transaction. Therefore, this work is aimed at investigating the institution of the mock transaction, as well as to develop recommendations for the practical application of the rules governing this institution. To conduct this study, the materials of the practise of dispute resolution on the application of the consequences of fictitious transactions by the courts of Ukraine, the dialectical method of cognition, the formal-legal method, the hermeneutic-legal method were used. As a result of research the signs of mock transactions, approaches of detection of fictitious transactions are established. It can be concluded that the distinguishing feature of fictitious and mock transactions is the orientation of the will of the parties to the transaction on the occurrence of legal consequences.
Naruszenie patentu na drugie zastosowanie medyczne w świetle systemu refundacyjnego
Authors: Świerczyński Marek
Published: December 2020

This paper relates to patent infringements on second medical use in the light of competition law and the reimbursement system. It is inspired by two recent rulings delivered by English and Dutch courts. They have considered whether the sale of generic drugs may be regarded as an infringement of a patent relating to a second medical use (not indicated on the labels) in situations where the facts of the case showed that these drugs have actually been used in a way covered by this patent (i.e. off-label use). In the light of these rulings, the main purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether it is appropriate, in the light of competition law, to limit the scope of the patent on second medical use in situations where drugs based on the substance are subject to reimbursement, in order to provide wider access to these drugs to patients
Porozumienie ograniczające konkurencjęna krajowym rynku świadczeń w zakresie leczenia niepłodności metodą zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego.Glosa do decyzji Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów nr RŁO 4/2016z dnia 1 września 2016 r.
Authors: Kasjanowicz Emilia
Published: December 2020

Anti-competitive agreement between undertakings on the domestic market of in-vitro fertilization services. Case comment to the decision of the President of the Offi ce of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) No. RLO 4/2016 of 1 September 2016
Sprzedaż leków na odległość – regulacje krajowe
Authors: Więckowski Zbigniew
Published: December 2020

The subject matter of this article concerns the question of distance selling of medicinal products considered from the perspective of national legislation. The author analyzes in detail the provisions of the Polish Pharmaceutical Law and the Ordinance of the Minister of Health of 26 March 2015 on mail-order sales of medicinal products in order to fi nd the answer to the question why pharmacists show little interest in further developing this distribution channel for medicine. The author focuses also on the analysis of the provisions governing mail-order sales of medicines in terms of ensuring patient safety.
Odpowiedzialność zbywcy za produkt niebezpieczny sprowadzony przez niego do Polskiz innego państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Rutkowska Ewa , Trabszys Barbara
Published: December 2020

The article presents the problem of the incompatibility of the manner of the implementation of the term ‘importer’ into Polish law with respect to the issue of liability for a hazardous product with the provisions of Directive 374/85, and the problems which arise as a result with regard to liability of sellers bringing a product into Poland from another EU Member State. The article provides a proposal for the interpretation of the term ‘importer’ under Article 4495 § 2 of the Civil Code, until the necessary legislative change is made that would ensure the compliance of the Polish law with Directive 374/85
Ograniczenia w sprzedaży przez Internet produktów leczniczych weterynaryjnych dostępnych bez recepty
Authors: Bąkowska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The article presents binding legal provisions on the retail distribution and mail-order sales of veterinary medicinal products, which are the basis of the interpretations used by the Polish veterinary inspection and administrative courts whereby Internet sales of OTC veterinary medicinal products are not allowed under Polish law. The paper presents the legal background of this issue in order to assess the correctness of existing jurisprudence in this case. Additionally, the article comments on the expected changes to existing law in this fi eld drafted at the EU level.
Ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety
Authors: Kalyuzhny Yury Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The subject of this research is the legal norms and scientific sources that characterize the ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety. The object of this research is the social relations that determine the framework for ensuring traffic safety. Examination of the normative legal acts and scientific literature, allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety. The author indicates certain scientific problems of legislative regulation of the sphere under review, and resumes that the presence of state ideology within the system of legal norms is inevitable. The conclusion is formulated that the ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety are based on the system of views, ideas, and value orientations from the perspective of personal, social, and state levels. The author claims that the state uses law as the official ideology. The ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety, associated with implementation of state policy in indicated field of research, represent legal forms of ensuring traffic safety, which contribute to the perception of law by personal and public legal awareness, which positively impacts legal mentality of the society, reducing the risk of traffic accidents and their negative consequences. The novelty of this work consists in the comprehensive analysis of theoretical legal and organizational aspects that characterize the ideological grounds of ensuring traffic safety, determine controversial issues in legislative regulation of the system of views, ideas, and value orientations for ensuring traffic safety from the perspective of personal, social, and state levels.
Interrelation between values and ideological preferences in mentality of the students of Southern Russia (based on sociological survey)
Authors: Vnukova Liubov
Published: December 2020

Based on the data of obtained in the course of interviews of students of the Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District conducted in 2019, the author analyzes the value preferences and ideological views. Modern youth gives priority to individual rather than group values (freedom of movement, personal security, independence of thought and action, etc.). A third of young people were undecided about their ideological-political preferences; while one fifth indicated that share liberal views. Youth promotes ecological values and care for the world. Majority of the interviewed students believe that it is essential to comply with the norms, rules, and laws, and support peaceful relations with others. Many respondents share tolerant views. All this signifies legal awareness of modern youth. Such social values as the ability to vote, social justice and equality are of high importance, which alongside anticipation of escalation of economic problems and demand for change, leads to social tension. The author also notes a high level of emigration moods; only a quarter of respondents have no intentions of leaving the country. Based on students’ understanding of the concept of patriotism, the author demarcates two points of views: the firs incorporates patriotic views with the Western liberal values; the second sees Russia as a separate unique country. However, these ideas did not directly contradict each other in mentality of the majority of students, but the selected answers in various question often opposing in meaning. This proves the theoretical hypothesis on the existence of cognitive-ideological matrices in mentality of the individual as a pre-reflexive environment, which shapes deliberate political beliefs.
The shock solution for a class of the nonlinear equations by the Sinc-Galerkin method
Authors: Wu Qin-Kuan  ,   南京工程学院基础部，南京  210013
Published: December 2020

The shock problems for a class of the nonlinear singularly perturbed equations is studied. Using Sinc-Galerkin method, the shock solutions of boundary value problem are constructed, the approximate solution by Newton's method is obtained.