bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome Following Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass based on Intraoperative Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wang Defeng , Zhu Fengping , Fung Ka Ming , Zhu Wei , Luo Yishan , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Tong Mok Vincent Chung , Wu Jinsong , Shi Lin , Ahuja Anil T. , Mao Ying
Published: September 2015

Moyamoya disease leads to the formation of stenosis in the cerebrovasculature. A superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is an effective treatment for the disease, yet it is usually associated with postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS). This study aimed to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes immediately after surgery and assess whether a semiquantitative analysis of an intraoperative magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted image (PWI) is useful for predicting postoperative CHS. Fourteen patients who underwent the STA-MCA bypass surgery were included in this study. An atlas-based registration method was employed for studying hemodynamics in different cerebral regions. Pre- versus intraoperative and group-wise comparisons were conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic changes. A postoperative increase in relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the terminal MCA territory (P = 0.035) and drop in relative mean-time-transit at the central MCA territory (P = 0.012) were observed in all patients. However, a significant raise in the increasing ratio of relative-CBF at the terminal MCA territory was only found in CHS patients (P = 0.023). The cerebrovascular changes of the patients after revascularization treatment were confirmed. Intraoperative PWI might be helpful in predicting the change in relative-CBF at MCA terminal territory which might indicate a risk of CHS.
Colorimetric and fluorescence detection of G-quadruplex nucleic acids with a coumarin–benzothiazole probe
Authors: Yan Jin-wu , Tian Yi-guang , Tan Jia-heng , Huang Zhi-shu
Published: September 2015

A colorimetric and red-emitting fluorescent dual probe for G-quadruplexes was devised with a conjugated coumarin–benzothiazole scaffold.
Luminescence switch-on assay of interferon-gamma using a G-quadruplex-selective iridium(iii) complex
Authors: Lin Sheng , He Bingyong , Yang Chao , Leung Chung-Hang , Mergny Jean-Louis , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: September 2015

A novel luminescent G-quadruplex-selective iridium(iii) complex was employed in a G-quadruplex-based detection assay for IFN-γ.
Catalytic asymmetric sulfenylation to structurally diverse dithioketals
Authors: Liao Kui , Zhou Feng , Yu Jin-Sheng , Gao Wei-Ming , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2015

We report the first example of highly enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse chiral dithioketalsviaasymmetric sulfenylation of various types of S-based nucleophiles, catalyzed by a cheap cinchona alkaloid derivative, dihydroquinine.
Gene transfer on inorganic/organic hybrid silica nanosheets
Authors: Huang Nien-Chi , Ji Qingmin , Yamazaki Tomohiko , Nakanishi Waka , Hanagata Nobutaka , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hsu Shan-hui
Published: September 2015

Nanosheets with a high aspect ratio can transfer the naked plasmid into stem cells without any transfection reagent. The transfection efficiency and cell mobility are associated with the activation level of integrin β3 on different nanosheets.
Understanding the microstructure of particle dispersion in confined copolymer nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Qiangli , Wang Wenliang , Zhang Chen , Du Zhongjie , Mi Jianguo
Published: September 2015

Innovation: confinement enhances the dispersion of particles with weak attraction in copolymers, while the effect can be reversed as the attraction increases.
NO adsorption and diffusion on hydroxylated rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Yu Yan-Yan , Diebold Ulrike , Gong Xue-Qing
Published: September 2015

Surface hydroxyls can favor NO adsorption at rutile TiO2(110) and its roll-over diffusion that gives the characteristic bright-dark-bright STM features.
Near surface properties of mixtures of propylammonium nitrate with n-alkanols 1. Nanostructure
Authors: Elbourne Aaron , Cronshaw Samuel , Voïtchovsky Kislon , Warr Gregory G. , Atkin Rob
Published: September 2015

In situ amplitude modulated-atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to probe the nanostructure of mixtures of propylammonium nitrate (PAN) with n-alkanols near a mica surface.
Yttrium and aluminium complexes bearing dithiodiolate ligands: synthesis and application in cyclic ester polymerization
Authors: Meduri A. , Cozzolino M. , Milione S. , Press K. , Sergeeva E. , Tedesco C. , Mazzeo M. , Lamberti M.
Published: September 2015

Yttrium and aluminium complexes of two dithiodiolate ligands that feature different bridges were synthesized and characterized. The catalytic activities of the four complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide have been investigated.
Modular, polymer-directed nanoparticle assembly for fabricating metamaterials
Authors: Laxminarayana Gurunatha K. , Rozin Matthew , Smith Stephanie , Tao Andrea R.
Published: September 2015

We achieve the fabrication of plasmonic meta-atoms by utilizing a novel, modular approach to nanoparticle self-assembly that utilizes polymer templating to control meta-atom size and geometry. Ag nanocubes are deposited and embedded into a polymer thin-film, where the polymer embedding depth is used to dictate which nanocube faces are available for further nanocrystal binding. Horizontal and vertical nanocube dimers were successfully fabricated with remarkably high yield using a bifunctional molecular linker to bind a second nanocube. Surface plasmon coupling can be readily tuned by varying the size, shape, and orientation of the second nanoparticle. We show that meta-atoms can be fabricated to exhibit angle- and polarization-dependent optical properties. This scalable technique for meta-atom assembly can be used to fabricate large-area metasurfaces for polarization- and phase-sensitive applications, such as optical sensing.
Antimony recovery from the halophosphate fraction in lamp phosphor waste: a zero-waste approach
Authors: Dupont David , Binnemans Koen
Published: September 2015

This paper describes a zero-waste valorization process for the recovery of antimony from lamp phosphor waste.
Microfluidic multiplexed partitioning enables flexible and effective utilization of magnetic sensor arrays
Authors: Bechstein Daniel J. B. , Ng Elaine , Lee Jung-Rok , Cone Stephanie G. , Gaster Richard S. , Osterfeld Sebastian J. , Hall Drew A. , Weaver James A. , Wilson Robert J. , Wang Shan X.
Published: September 2015

We partition magnetic sensor arrays into individually addressable microfluidic compartments, enhancing their effective use,i.e.by separating cross-reactive assays.
Multivalent presentation of carbohydrates by 314-helical peptide templates: synthesis, conformational analysis using CD spectroscopy and saccharide recognition
Authors: Pawar Nitin J. , Diederichsen Ulf , Dhavale Dilip. D.
Published: September 2015

A tetrameric glycoconjugate template, SSFT 1, was coupled with a variety of six aminooxy sugars to achieve multivalent glycoconjugates 2–7.
Performance and polarization studies of the magnesium–antimony liquid metal battery with the use of in-situ reference electrode
Authors: Leung Puiki , Heck Stenio Cristaldo , Amietszajew Tazdin , Mohamed Mohd Rusllim , Conde Maria Belen , Dashwood Richard J. , Bhagat Rohit
Published: September 2015

This work presents the performance and polarization studies of a magnesium–antimony liquid metal battery with the use of an in situ pseudo reference electrode at high operating temperature (ca. 700 °C).
The effect of liquid stabilization on the structures and the conductive properties of polyimide-based graphite fibers
Authors: Li Ang , Ma Zhaokun , Song Huaihe , Li Na , Hou Mingyue
Published: September 2015

This stabilization method could effectively avoid a sudden jump in temperature and local heat storage during the carbonization, as well as help improve the stability of PI fibers.
MoS2 armored polystyrene particles with a narrow size distribution via membrane-assisted Pickering emulsions for monolayer-shelled liquid marbles
Authors: Yang Yu , Hu Yang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Guangzhao , Liu Zhenjun , Wang Chaoyang
Published: September 2015

Monolayer-shelled liquid marbles were successfully stabilized by MoS2 armored polystyrene particles with a narrow size distribution via membrane-assisted Pickering emulsions.
Infrared irradiation assisted both the synthesis of (
Z)-(aminomethyl)(aryl)phenylhydrazones
via the Mannich coupling reaction and their application to the palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction
Authors: Ortega-Jiménez Fernando , Penieres-Carrillo José Guillermo , Lagunas-Rivera Selene , López-Cortés José G. , Álvarez-Toledano Cecilio , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of arylhydrazones
1a–h assisted with infrared irradiation (IR) under solvent-free conditions is herein reported, and their catalytic action in the palladium-catalyzed and IR-assisted Heck coupling reaction are also evaluated.
A novel magnetic NiFe2O4@graphene–Pd multifunctional nanocomposite for practical catalytic application
Authors: Zhao Xiaohua , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2015

A novel NiFe2O4@GN–Pd was used as outstanding catalyst for the Suzuki reaction in EtOH/H2O. The hybrid catalyst could be recycled and reused with the simple application of an external magnetic field, while keeping similar catalytic activity for six successive reactions.
A facile preparation of superhydrophobic and oleophilic precipitated calcium carbonate sorbent powder for oil spill clean-ups from water and land surfaces
Authors: Patowary Manoj , Pathak Khanindra , Ananthakrishnan Rajakumar
Published: September 2015

Palmitic acid modified precipitated calcium carbonate sorbent powder with superior superhydrophobicity, remarkable buoyancy and selectivity has been prepared and exploited for selective sorption of oil (>99%) from water/soil surfaces.
Self-fluorinated Bi3Ti2O8F formed by cross-linked nanosheets as a superior dye-sensitized photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Wei , Mao Weiwei , Ye Zhizhen , Huang Jingyun
Published: September 2015

A new semiconductor photocatalyst Bi3Ti2O8F (BTOF) has been prepared by a hydrothermal method, whose surface is highly fluorinated by the intrinsic F ions.
Self-assembled tubular nanostructures of tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(iii)
Authors: Xie Wanfeng , Wang Fenggong , Fan Jihui , Song Hui , Wu Zongyong , Yuan Huimin , Jiang Feng , Pang Zhiyong , Han Shenghao
Published: September 2015

We report for the first time the controllable growth of tubular nanostructures at the nanoscale of the broadly applied organic drug material, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)gallium (Gaq3), by an extremely facile approach.
Targeting a chemorefractory COLO205 (BRAF V600E) cell line using substituted benzo[α]phenoxazines
Authors: Pal Sanjima , Konkimalla V. Badireenath , Kathawate Laxmi , Rao Soniya S. , Gejji Shridhar P. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Weyhermüller Thomas , Salunke-Gawali Sunita
Published: September 2015

Benzo[α]phenoxazine derivatives specifically toxic to a malignant COLO205 cell line with a BRAF mutation (V600E) and nontoxic to a non-malignant wild-type BRAF HEK293T cell line are studied.
Hydrothermal stability of CeO2–Al2O3 composites, a structural study and oxygen storage capacities
Authors: Wei Guangxi , Shen Meiqing , Li Hang , Wang Hui , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Jun
Published: September 2015

A series of CeO2–Al2O3 composites with different Ce content were prepared.
Non-fluorinated superhydrophobic and micro/nano hierarchical Al doped ZnO film: the effect of Al doping on morphological and hydrophobic properties
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Li Yang , Kong Yi , Zhou Jia , Wu Jinzhu , Wu Xiaohong , Qin Wei , Jiao Zilong , Jiang Lixiang
Published: September 2015

The azo micro/nano hierarchical fluffy clew-like films and their superhydrophobic properties have been experimentally investigated and computationally simulated.
High performance of MoS2 microflowers with a water-based binder as an anode for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Kumar P. Ramesh , Jung Young Hwa , Kim Do Kyung
Published: September 2015

The electrochemical performance of MoS2 microflowers with different binders is evaluated through conversion reaction. The MoS2 microflowers with Na-alginate show the highest cycling stability, delivering a capacity of 595 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles.
Synthesis of symmetrical N,N′-alkylidene bis-amides catalyzed by silica coated magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticle supported polyphosphoric acid (NiFe2O4@SiO2-PPA) and its application toward silver nanoparticle synthesis for electrochemical detection of glucose
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Baghayeri Mehdi
Published: September 2015

For the first time, a new and facile Ag@PM-b-B nanocomposite electrochemical sensor was successfully developed for the detection of glucose. Also, the magnetically recoverable catalyst was easily recycled at least ten times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
The structural evolution of an isoindigo-based non-fullerene acceptor for use in organic photovoltaics
Authors: McAfee Seth M. , Topple Jessica M. , Sun Jon-Paul , Hill Ian G. , Welch Gregory C.
Published: September 2015

The structural evolution of an isoindigo molecule acceptor.
Heterogeneity of single-colloid self-potentials at an oil–water interface
Authors: Lee Mina , Park Bum Jun
Published: September 2015

The role of heterogeneity of the self-potentials in the assembly of particles at the fluid–fluid interface is characterized.
Titanium doped niobium oxide for stable pseudocapacitive lithium ion storage and its application in 3 V non-aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xu , Lee Pooi See
Published: September 2015

Developing high energy density supercapacitors is of great importance to the transportation, consumer electronics and micro-grid energy storage sectors. We introduce a new electrode combination with titanium-doped orthorhombic phase niobium oxide and polyaniline-single wall carbon nanotubes. The organic electrolyte based supercapacitor achieves an energy density over 110.3 Wh kg−1 at 150 W kg−1.
A novel mixture of diethylene glycol diethylether and non-flammable methyl-nonafluorobutyl ether as a safe electrolyte for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Fang Shaohua , Wang Guojun , Qu Long , Luo Dong , Yang Li , Hirano Shin-ichi
Published: September 2015

Graphite/LiFePO4cells using a safe electrolyte achieved electrochemical performances close to those of the cells using conventional electrolytes.
Ultralight free-standing reduced graphene oxide membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Miao , Zhang Weifeng , Cao Yingze , Chen Yuning , Lin Xin , Xu Liangxin , Li Chun , Feng Lin , Wei Yen
Published: September 2015

Ultralight free-standing RGO membranes are capable of separating multiple types of surfactant stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency.
Facile fabrication of multifunctional perfluoroalkyl functionalized graphene hydrogel via a synchronous reduction and grafting strategy
Authors: Li Ting , Ding Yunqiao , Liu Libin , Liu Jian , Fang Wenyuan , Xiang Yu , Li Tianduo
Published: September 2015

Perfluoroalkyl-functionalized graphene hydrogels could be obtained by a hydrothermal method, which exhibit outstanding absorption ability and electrochemical performances.
Ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes grown on N-doped carbon nanoboxes for high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Dai Yihui , Chen Ling , Babayan Vladimir , Cheng Qilin , Saha Petr , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: September 2015

A green asymmetric supercapacitor has been assembled using MnO2/C hollow nanoboxes as a positive electrode and the corresponding N-doped carbon nanoboxes as a negative electrode, which exhibits an impressive electrochemical performance.
Plasmon-induced hyperthermia: hybrid upconversion NaYF4:Yb/Er and gold nanomaterials for oral cancer photothermal therapy
Authors: Chen Chieh-Wei , Lee Po-Han , Chan Yung-Chieh , Hsiao Michael , Chen Chung-Hsuan , Wu Pin Chieh , Wu Pei Ru , Tsai Din Ping , Tu Datao , Chen Xueyuan , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: September 2015

Bi-functional nanocomposites consisting of upconversion nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles or gold nanorods are fabricated for oral cancer cell photothermal therapy.
Selenadiazole derivatives as theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer chemo-/radiotherapy by targeting thioredoxin reductase
Authors: He Lizhen , Ji Shengbin , Lai Haoqiang , Chen Tianfeng
Published: September 2015

Herein we have identified selenadiazole derivatives as effective and safe theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer chemo-/radiotherapy.
Propagation of overvoltages in distribution transformers with silicon steel and amorphous cores
Authors: Florkowski Marek , Furgał Jakub , Kuniewski Maciej
Published: September 2015

In modern power grids more and more switching and reconfiguration operations are performed, leading to harmful overvoltages. In addition, external factors causing overvoltages may also be dangerous to insulation systems, especially those which occur during lightning strikes. Overvoltages propagate in power transformers along the windings and between them, influencing the insulation systems of the windings as well as those of other electrical devices. An interesting phenomena which takes place in the networks relates to the transferred overvoltages propagating through distribution transformers. The internal and transferred overvoltages for transformers with a conventional steel core and for those with an amorphous core are analysed in this study. The frequency response of overvoltages which occur when the transformer is exposed to a voltage impulse of rectangular shape form the basis of the analysis. Surges of rectangular shapes simulate transient voltages occurring at surge arresters. The frequency response of overvoltages reveals the transformer response to oscillating transient components of overvoltages generated in the power systems. The coincidence of frequency responses of overvoltages and admittances for transformers is also presented.
Coordination of multifunctional distributed energy storage systems in distribution networks
Authors: Miranda Ismael , Leite Helder , Silva Nuno
Published: September 2015

This study develops a methodology for coordinated operation of distributed energy storage systems in distribution networks. The developed methodology considers that energy storage resources can contribute to their owners’ inherent activities and to a more flexible and efficient distribution network operation. The optimisation tool based on mixed‐integer linear programming is developed to maximise the technical and economic value of distributed storage taking into account their multifunctional potential and the presence of intermittent renewable sources. The methodological developments are validated in a case study of a real medium‐voltage distribution network with two storage systems coupled with a wind park and an industrial ‘prosumer’ (i.e. energy consumers who are producing their own energy). Results make evident the robustness of the methodology and enable the assessment of the technical and economic impacts of the integration of distributed storage. Moreover, opportunity costs for distributed storage to perform services to the distribution system operator are demonstrated.
Fractional order Sprott chaos synchronisation‐based real‐time extension power quality detection method
Authors: Yau Her‐Terng , Wang Cheng‐Chi , Hsieh Chin‐Tsung , Wu Shang‐Yi
Published: September 2015

It is known that real‐time power quality monitoring is usually rather difficult to achieve due to the requirement of expensive equipments and necessary of more signals to be captured. To solve this problem, this study combines fractional order Sprott chaos synchronisation system with extension theory to detect power signal disturbance including voltage swell, sag, interruption, and harmonics for real‐time power quality monitoring. The use of fractional order chaotic systems can significantly improve the situations of misjudgement due to the dynamic error is too large by using general integer order chaotic systems. Otherwise, the three‐dimensional (3D) Sprott error dynamics can be reduced to 2D error system. It will become easier and cheaper to implement this scheme in the portable device. The results of numerical simulation show that the detection accuracy rate is 100% and it is better than the methods in previous studies. It should be able to get a very high diagnostic accuracy if this method can be applied to the actual power system.
New intelligent controlled islanding scheme in large interconnected power systems
Authors: Isazadeh Ghader , Khodabakhshian Amin , Gholipour Eskandar
Published: September 2015

This study presents a new intelligent controlled islanding scheme based on wide area measurement systems data to avoid the wide area blackout. Three offline, online and real‐time parts are applied to solve three problems including where and when to implement islanding and what to do after separation. New security‐based criteria are used to determine the initial stable coherent groups. The boundaries of islands are obtained adaptively considering different operating points by using the weighted time varying graph structure of the network. To reach more stable islands, reactive power is considered by using a self‐tuned online fuzzy factor in graph weights. The number of necessary islands with their locations is determined in online part by monitoring the dominant inter‐area oscillations between the initial groups (IGs). Then, the network is split into islands with the objective of minimum power flow disruption. To detect the unavoidable islanding cases correctly, a new parallel adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structure is designed. In a parallel structure, for each of two adjacent IGs a distinct ANFIS is also applied to consider variable stability margins between groups. Simulation results confirm that the blackout can be avoided in a large power grid by using the proposed method.
Sequential Monte Carlo implementation of cardinality balanced multi‐target multi‐Bernoulli filter for extended target tracking
Authors: Ma Dongdong , Lian Feng , Liu Jing
Published: September 2015

It has been shown that the cardinality balanced multi‐target multi‐Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter can extract multi‐target states efficiently and reliably. However, when faced with extended targets, it will lead to overestimation. Therefore, a CBMeMBer filter for extended targets tracking is proposed in this study. Three main contributions are made in this study: first, analytical recursion equations of the proposed CBMeMBer filter are derived and relevant proofs are presented. Second, a novel sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation is proposed, which approximates the sample point using several σ points rather than state transition function. Third, to reduce the particle weight degeneracy problem, a new resample method is introduced. Finally, comparisons between the CBMeMBer and probability hypothesis density (PHD) filters for extended targets tracking are studied through a non‐linear example. Numerical study results show that the expanded CBMeMBer filter in the proposed SMC implementation can dramatically improve estimation accuracy in comparison with general SMC implementation. Meanwhile, the authors also find that the proposed CBMeMBer filter gives a more accurate estimation than original CBMeMBer filter while performs more time‐efficiently than PHD filter for extended target tracking.
Multipath ghost elimination for through‐wall radar imaging
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Weidong
Published: September 2015

In through‐wall radar imaging, the multipath echoes caused by specular reflections at interior walls of an enclosed room will lead to multipath ghosts in the resulting image. The ghosts appear like the true targets and therefore tend to increase the number of false alarms. To solve this problem, a new ghost elimination method that removes multipath echoes from the raw radar data is proposed in this study. With a priori knowledge of the room, a concise multipath model is first developed, based on which the locations of the multipath echoes can be determined. Then, a cancellation process that consists of two steps is performed wherein the multipath echoes are cancelled in a specific order depending on the positions of the targets they correspond to. The major advantage of this method is that it can preserve the true targets while eliminating the ghosts even if the targets overlap with those ghosts. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the processed imaging results using both the finite‐difference time‐domain‐simulated data and the real experimental data.
Experimental investigation on target detection and tracking in passive radar using long‐term evolution signal
Authors: Raja Abdullah Raja Syamsul Azmir , Salah Asem A. , Ismail Alyani , Hashim Fazirul Hisham , Abdul Rashid Nur Emileen , Abdul Aziz Nor Hafizah
Published: September 2015

This study examines the feasibility of the recently deployed wireless communication system, namely, long‐term evolution (LTE), for passive radar applications. Specifically, the capability of the system to detect and track a ground moving target is analysed. A theoretical analysis is conducted on the actual LTE signal transmitted in the atmosphere, followed by field experimentation using a moving vehicle with different bistatic geometries. The experiment examines the capability of an LTE‐based passive radar to detect a moving vehicle and then track it using a standard Kalman filter. Results show that the LTE‐based passive radar can detect and track the ground vehicle at different locations, speeds and trajectories, and localise it in the XY‐axis coordinate.
Damage buildup in Ar-ion-irradiated 3C-SiC at elevated temperatures
Authors: Wallace J. B. , Bayu Aji L. B. , Li T. T. , Shao L. , Kucheyev S. O.
Published: September 2015

Above room temperature, the accumulation of radiation damage in 3C-SiC is strongly influenced by dynamic defect interaction processes and remains poorly understood. Here, we use a combination of ion channeling and transmission electron microscopy to study lattice disorder in 3C-SiC irradiated with 500 keV Ar ions in the temperature range of 25–250 °C. Results reveal sigmoidal damage buildup for all the temperatures studied. For 150 °C and below, the damage level monotonically increases with ion dose up to amorphization. Starting at 200 °C, the shape of damage–depth profiles becomes anomalous, with the damage peak narrowing and moving to larger depths and an additional shoulder forming close to the ion end of range. As a result, damage buildup curves for 200 and 250 °C exhibit an anomalous two-step shape, with a damage saturation stage followed by rapid amorphization above a critical ion dose, suggesting a nucleation-limited amorphization behavior. Despite their complexity, all damage buildup curves are well described by a phenomenological model based on an assumption of a linear dependence of the effective amorphization cross section on ion dose. In contrast to the results of previous studies, 3C-SiC can be amorphized by bombardment with 500 keV Ar ions even at 250 °C with a relatively large dose rate of ∼2×1013 cm−2 s−1, revealing a dominant role of defect interaction dynamics at elevated temperatures.
Liquid-liquid interfacial properties of a symmetrical Lennard-Jones binary mixture
Authors: Martínez-Ruiz F. J. , Moreno-Ventas Bravo A. I. , Blas F. J.
Published: September 2015

We determine the interfacial properties of a symmetrical binary mixture of equal-sized spherical Lennard-Jones molecules, σ11 = σ22, with the same dispersive energy between like species, ϵ11 = ϵ22, but different dispersive energies between unlike species low enough to induce phase separation. We use the extensions of the improved version of the inhomogeneous long-range corrections of Janec̆ek [J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6264 (2006)], presented recently by MacDowell and Blas [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 074705 (2009)] and Martínez-Ruiz et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 184701 (2014)], to deal with the interaction energy and microscopic components of the pressure tensor. We perform Monte Carlo simulations in the canonical ensemble to obtain the interfacial properties of the symmetrical mixture with different cut-off distances rc and in combination with the inhomogeneous long-range corrections. The pressure tensor is obtained using the mechanical (virial) and thermodynamic route. The liquid-liquid interfacial tension is also evaluated using three different procedures, the Irving-Kirkwood method, the difference between the macroscopic components of the pressure tensor, and the test-area methodology. This allows to check the validity of the recent extensions presented to deal with the contributions due to long-range corrections for intermolecular energy and pressure tensor in the case of binary mixtures that exhibit liquid-liquid immiscibility. In addition to the pressure tensor and the surface tension, we also obtain density profiles and coexistence densities and compositions as functions of pressure, at a given temperature. According to our results, the main effect of increasing the cut-off distance rc is to sharpen the liquid-liquid interface and to increase the width of the biphasic coexistence region. Particularly interesting is the presence of a relative minimum in the total density profiles of the symmetrical mixture. This minimum is related with a desorption of the molecules at the interface, a direct consequence of a combination of the weak dispersive interactions between unlike species of the symmetrical binary mixture, and the presence of an interfacial region separating the two immiscible liquid phases in coexistence.
Acoustic one-way open tunnel by using metasurface
Authors: Zhu Yi-Fan , Zou Xin-Ye , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: September 2015

We design and experimentally demonstrate an acoustic tunnel completely open for substances like fluids or other energy fluxes to exchange while allowing sound to pass only in one direction. This significant feature is based on a distinctive mechanism using metasurface pairs to yield asymmetric extraordinary reflections along opposite directions. Theoretical analysis is presented to analytically predict the trajectory of the wave. The experimental results agree well with the numerical results and the theoretical predictions. Our design may pave the way to more versatile acoustic one-way devices with potential applications in many scenarios like duct noise control and ultrasonic therapy.
Permutation-invariant distance between atomic configurations
Authors: Ferré Grégoire , Maillet Jean-Bernard , Stoltz Gabriel
Published: September 2015

We present a permutation-invariant distance between atomic configurations, defined through a functional representation of atomic positions. This distance enables us to directly compare different atomic environments with an arbitrary number of particles, without going through a space of reduced dimensionality (i.e., fingerprints) as an intermediate step. Moreover, this distance is naturally invariant through permutations of atoms, avoiding the time consuming associated minimization required by other common criteria (like the root mean square distance). Finally, the invariance through global rotations is accounted for by a minimization procedure in the space of rotations solved by Monte Carlo simulated annealing. A formal framework is also introduced, showing that the distance we propose verifies the property of a metric on the space of atomic configurations. Two examples of applications are proposed. The first one consists in evaluating faithfulness of some fingerprints (or descriptors), i.e., their capacity to represent the structural information of a configuration. The second application concerns structural analysis, where our distance proves to be efficient in discriminating different local structures and even classifying their degree of similarity.
On the implication of spatial carrier density non-uniformity on lifetime determination in silicon
Authors: Heinz Friedemann D. , Giesecke Johannes , Mundt Laura E. , Kasemann Martin , Warta Wilhelm , Schubert Martin C.
Published: September 2015

Measuring the excess charge carrier density is a widespread approach to accessing the charge carrier lifetime in silicon using an equation of continuity. In this paper, we investigate the scenario of a spatially non-uniform pulsed or modulated optical excitation and a measurement of the emitted photoluminescence intensity. In order to ascertain how to obtain the charge carrier lifetime in this scenario, a rigorous theoretical analysis of the induced charge carrier dynamics is elaborated. Emanating from a photoluminescence intensity-weighted average of charge carrier density, we obtain a macroscopic equation of continuity which accounts for the spatial non-uniformity of charge carrier density. An iterative solution to this equation is given. A numerical simulation reveals distortions to the measured charge carrier lifetime, which occur if the commonly used arithmetic average of the equation of continuity is used instead. We show that the transient measurement of low lifetimes below 10 μs regime is strongly affected and, in particular, that our approach renders necessary for an accurate lifetime determination if using focused excitation as for micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy.
On the statistical and transport properties of a non-dissipative Fermi-Ulam model
Authors: Livorati André L. P. , Dettmann Carl P. , Caldas Iberê L. , Leonel Edson D.
Published: September 2015

The transport and diffusion properties for the velocity of a Fermi-Ulam model were characterized using the decay rate of the survival probability. The system consists of an ensemble of non-interacting particles confined to move along and experience elastic collisions with two infinitely heavy walls. One is fixed, working as a returning mechanism of the colliding particles, while the other one moves periodically in time. The diffusion equation is solved, and the diffusion coefficient is numerically estimated by means of the averaged square velocity. Our results show remarkably good agreement of the theory and simulation for the chaotic sea below the first elliptic island in the phase space. From the decay rates of the survival probability, we obtained transport properties that can be extended to other nonlinear mappings, as well to billiard problems.
Polarizability of stereoregular polymers
Authors: Harris Frank E.
Published: September 2015

The Genkin-Mednis approach to the longitudinal polarizability of infinite polymer chains is revisited. It is shown that the correction of a small error in the formula for the dipole oscillator strength brings that quantity to a manifestly antihermitian form and leads to greater consistency in the computation of related quantities.
Magnetism and electronic structure of YTiO3 thin films
Authors: Cao Yanwei , Shafer P. , Liu Xiaoran , Meyers D. , Kareev M. , Middey S. , Freeland J. W. , Arenholz E. , Chakhalian J.
Published: September 2015

High-quality (001)-oriented (pseudo-cubic notation) ferromagnetic YTiO3 thin films were epitaxially synthesized in a layer-by-layer way by pulsed laser deposition. Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties were characterized by reflection-high-energy-electron-diffraction, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and element-resolved resonant soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. To reveal ferromagnetism of the constituent titanium ions, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy was carried out using four detection modes probing complementary spatial scale, which overcomes a challenge of probing ferromagnetic titanium with pure Ti3+(3d1). Our work provides a pathway to distinguish between the roles of titanium and A-site magnetic rare-earth cations in determining the magnetism in rare-earth titanates thin films and heterostructures.
Annealing effects on recombinative activity of nickel at direct silicon bonded interface
Authors: Kojima Takuto , Ohshita Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masafumi
Published: September 2015

By performing capacitance transient analyses, the recombination activity at a (110)/(100) direct silicon bonded (DSB) interface contaminated with nickel diffused at different temperatures, as a model of grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon, was studied. The trap level depth from the valence band, trap density of states, and hole capture cross section peaked at an annealing temperature of 300 °C. At temperatures ⩾400 °C, the hole capture cross section increased with temperature, but the density of states remained unchanged. Further, synchrotron-based X-ray analyses, microprobe X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses were performed. The analysis results indicated that the chemical phase after the sample was annealed at 200 °C was a mixture of NiO and NiSi2.
Water relations of wallum species in contrasting groundwater habitats of Pleistocene beach ridge barriers on the lower north coast of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Griffith Stephen J. , Rutherford Susan , Clarke Kerri L. , Warwick Nigel W. M.
Published: September 2015

This study examined the water relations of sclerophyllous evergreen vegetation (wallum) on coastal sand barriers in eastern Australia. Many wallum species may be groundwater dependent, although the extent of this dependency is largely unknown. Twenty-six perennial tree, shrub and herb species were investigated in three groundwater habitats (ridge, open depression, closed depression). Pre-dawn and midday shoot xylem water potentials (ψx) were measured monthly between late autumn 2010 and late summer 2011. Pressure–volume curve traits were determined in mid- to late spring 2009, including the osmotic potential at full (π100) and zero (π0) turgor, and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) were also determined in mid- to late spring 2009, to measure water-use efficiency (WUE). The species displayed a range of physiological strategies in response to water relations, and these strategies overlapped among contrasting growth forms and habitats. Linear relationships between osmotic and elastic adjustment were significant. A strong correlation between δ13C and distribution along the hydrological gradient was not apparent. Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha (A.S.George) A.S.George, Eucalyptus racemosa Cav. subsp. racemosa and Eucalyptus robusta Sm. displayed little seasonal variation in ψx and maintained a comparatively high pre-dawn ψx, and are therefore likely to be phreatophytic. Wetland vegetation in the lowest part of the landscape appeared to tolerate extreme fluctuations in water availability linked to a prevailing climatic pattern of variable and unreliable seasonal rainfall.
The L2 perception of initial English /h/ and /ɹ/ by Brazilian Portuguese learners of English
Authors: Osborne Denise
Published: September 2015

This study investigates how speakers who speak Brazilian Portuguese as their first language and English as their second language perceive the English phonemes /h/ and /ɹ/, and how they and monolingual Brazilian Portuguese speakers map these phonemes onto Portuguese sound categories. Participants took part in three experiments: an AXB discrimination test, an identification test, and a cross-language assimilation test, which was also taken by monolinguals. Lower and higher proficiency groups were able to hear the distinction acoustically, but only the higher proficiency group used the distinction to identify English words. Monolingual Brazilian Portuguese speakers and the higher proficiency group assimilated English /h/ primarily to Portuguese /h/. However, the phonological environment had an effect for monolinguals, but not for the higher proficiency group. The lower proficiency group, which one might expect to fall in between these two groups, showed a failure to assimilate English sounds to the Portuguese categories.
Stress perception
Authors: Romanelli Sofia , Menegotto Andrea Cecilia , Smyth Ron
Published: September 2015

This study assesses the claim that English late learners of Spanish do not perceive stress like native Spanish speakers, and that a short targeted stress perception training intervention during a study abroad Spanish language course has clear positive effects on stress perception. Fifteen English speakers were exposed to 90 hours of Spanish lessons during a three–week study abroad experience in Mar del Plata, Argentina. The trained group (N = 8) received 10 minutes of perceptual training on vowel and stress contrasts with nonce words three days a week, while the L1 English control group (N = 7) received communicative training focused on consonants, and the native Spanish control group (N = 7) received no training. Participants’ perception was assessed at pretest and posttest, both consisting of identification tasks with nonce words. Results indicated that all English speakers experienced difficulties in perceiving Spanish stress when compared to native Spanish speakers in the pretest. At posttest, however, the English trained group performed comparably to the native Spanish group and differed significantly from the control group, indicating an effect of training on the perception of L2 stress. The results show that English speakers evidenced perceptual difficulties when learning Spanish stress, which could be overcome with a small dose of targeted training with nonce words. Even though L2 immersion in a study abroad context was beneficial for the acquisition of Spanish stress, only students receiving stress training performed like native speakers.
Russia — a leading or a fading power? Students’ geopolitical meta-narratives on Russia's role in the post-Soviet space
Authors: Mäkinen Sirke
Published: September 2015

This article explores the construction of Russia's role in the post-Soviet space on the popular level of geopolitical culture. This empirical study is based on an interpretative analysis of open-ended survey responses of International Relations and Political Science students in Russian universities. The purpose of the article is twofold: first, to introduce the two main geopolitical meta-narratives constructed from students’ responses, Russia as a leading power and Russia as a fading power; and second, to show how they resonate with the broader discursive field on Russian identity and policies in the post-Soviet space. I argue that the two meta-narratives tell us about both support and challenges posed against the elite level of geopolitical culture, and Russia's foreign policy in the post-Soviet space. They also show variation on how Russia's role is represented, as well as on the goals which Russia should have vis-à-vis this space. The ideal role of Russia would be that of integration leader, but students disagree on whether this is the actual role now, or whether this can ever be attained. Moreover, not all would even agree with aspiring for this role; instead, Russia should re-orientate its foreign policy as well as domestic policy.
Political extremism, group membership and personality traits: who accepts violence? / Extremismo político, pertenencia al grupo y rasgos de personalidad: ¿Quién acepta la violencia?
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Szulc Marcin , Jaśkiewicz Michał
Published: September 2015

Identity fusion theory proposed that fused individuals have a visceral feeling of oneness with the group and this leads them to engage in radical, violent pro-group behaviours. Other approaches to group extremism link acceptance of violence to right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). We extended previous research on fusion in three ways. First, by exploring if identity fusion is a significant predictor of the willingness to fight for a group, when controlling for group identification, left-wing authoritarianism (LWA), RWA and SDO. Secondly, we controlled for a membership in a group known for radical action directed at out-groups, namely football hooligans. Finally, we added a second outcome variable, which is the acceptance of violent change of the current social system. The participants were self-described football hooligans ( N = 24) and undergraduate students ( N = 155). Regression analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of willingness to defend in-group was identity fusion, with RWA and group identification significant as well. RWA and LWA emerged as the strongest predictors of acceptance of violent change. The effect of group membership wasn’t significant.
Risk Screening of Arapaima, a New Species Proposed for Aquaculture in Florida
Authors: Hill Jeffrey E. , Lawson Katelyn M.
Published: September 2015

Agencies have a growing range of options for risk assessment of nonnative species varying from comprehensive assessments to rapid risk screens. Risk screens identify high-risk and low-risk species and those where more evaluation is warranted. Despite development and testing of risk-screening methods, there is little information in the literature regarding their implementation in management decisions. We used a screening tool, the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK), coupled with a detailed literature review to evaluate the risks of the genus Arapaima across Florida, where there is growing interest in its culture as a food fish. We found a medium risk of invasiveness overall, the greatest risk being to subtropical south Florida due to the low cold tolerance of Arapaima that it would experience further north. Ultimately the agency determined that a combination of literature review and the risk screen was sufficient to inform their decision making and that current conditional species regulations provided adequate risk mitigation to allow culture. The agency saved time and money by developing background information and a preliminary estimate of risk prior to engaging in comprehensive assessment. Flexibility allows agencies to tailor their risk assessment and management processes to different risk environments and to better inform decision making.

Received October 29, 2014; accepted June 15, 2015
Histopathological Assessment of Fusarium pseudograminearum Colonization of Cereal Culms During Crown Rot Infections
Authors: Knight Noel L. , Sutherland Mark W.
Published: September 2015

Histopathological assessment of the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum was performed using fluorescence microscopy of culm tissues of six cereal genotypes grown in inoculated field conditions. Tissue samples were collected at 10, 16, and 22 weeks after planting (WAP). Colonization of culm tissues was initiated through epidermal penetration, most distinctly through stomatal apertures, and progressed into the parenchymatous hypoderm, which exhibited the discoloration used as the basis for visual assessment of disease. Hyphae spread from the culm base vertically through the tissues, initially via the hypoderm and pith cavity. Colonization of sclerified cells occurred later in the disease process. Both xylem and phloem tissues became colonized by 16 WAP in all host genotypes, with colonization being less extensive in the more resistant genotypes. Culms displaying dead head symptoms revealed dense colonization in at least the first three internodes, with frequent xylem vessel and phloem cell occlusions. Paired living culms from the same plants exhibited less extensive colonization. These observations have revealed the ability of F. pseudograminearum to colonize all cell types of nodal and internodal sections, including vascular tissues, across all host genotypes. This study is the first detailed examination of the pattern of F. pseudograminearum colonization in adult hosts and indicates a potential vascular mechanism by which the effects of crown rot are produced.