bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for burn rehabilitation in China
Authors:   Chinese Burn Association,   Chinese Association of Burn Surgeons, Cen Ying , Chai Jiake , Chen Huade , Chen Jian , Guo Guanghua , Han Chunmao , Hu Dahai , Huan Jingning , Huang Xiaoyuan , Jia Chiyu , Li-Tsang Cecilia WP , Li Jianan , Li Zongyu , Liu Qun , Liu Yi , Luo Gaoxing , Lv Guozhong , Niu Xihua , Peng Daizhi , Peng Yizhi , Qi Hongyan , Qi Shunzhen , Sheng Zhiyong , Tang Dan , Wang Yibing , Wu Jun , Xia Zhaofan , Xie Weiguo , Yang Hongming , Yi Xianfeng , Yu Lehua , Zhang Guoan ,   The Chinese Burn Care and Rehabilitation Association
Published: October 2015

Quality of life and functional recovery after burn injury is the final goal of burn care, especially as most of burn patients survive the injury due to advanced medical science. However, dysfunction, disfigurement, contractures, psychological problems and other discomforts due to burns and the consequent scars are common, and physical therapy and occupational therapy provide alternative treatments for these problems of burn patients. This guideline, organized by the Chinese Burn Association and Chinese Association of Burn Surgeons aims to emphasize the importance of team work in burn care and provide a brief introduction of the outlines of physical and occupational therapies during burn treatment, which is suitable for the current medical circumstances of China. It can be used as the start of the tools for burn rehabilitation.
Vitamin D Regulates Fatty Acid Composition in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Through Elovl3
Authors: Ji Lijuan , Gupta Mihir , Feldman Brian J.
Published: October 2015

Fatty acids (FAs) are a major energy source in the body. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a primary site where FAs are stored as triacylglycerols. Brown adipose tissue also stores and recruits FAs as a carbon source for uncoupled β-oxidation during thermogenesis. The deletion of the vitamin D nuclear hormone receptor (VDR) gene in mice (VDRKO) results in a lean WAT phenotype with increased levels of expression of the brown adipose tissue marker Ucp1 in the WAT. However, the impact of vitamin D/VDR on FA composition in WAT has not been explored in detail. To address this question, we examined the FA composition of sc and visceral white adipose depots of VDRKO mice. We found that the levels of a subset of saturated and monounsaturated FAs of C18-C24 are specifically increased in the sc adipose depot in VDRKO mice. We revealed that a specific elongase enzyme (Elovl3), which has an important role in brown fat biology, is directly regulated by VDR and likely contributes to the altered FA composition in VDRKO mice. We also demonstrate that Elovl3 is regulated by vitamin D in vivo and tissue specifically in the sc WAT depot. We discovered that regulation of Elovl3 expression is mediated by ligand-dependent VDR occupancy of a negative-response element in the promoter proximal region of the Elovl3 gene. These data suggest that vitamin D/VDR tissue specifically modulates FA composition in sc WAT through direct regulation of Elovl3 expression.
A simple behaviour provides accuracy and flexibility in odour plume tracking—the robotic control of sensory-motor coupling in silkmoths
Authors: Ando Noriyasu , Kanzaki Ryohei
Published: October 2015

Odour plume tracking is an essential behaviour for animal survival. A fundamental strategy for this is moving upstream and then across-stream. Male silkmoths, Bombyx mori, display this strategy as a pre-programmed sequential behaviour. They walk forward (surge) in response to the female sex pheromone and perform a zigzagging “mating dance”. Though pre-programmed, the surge direction is modulated by the bilateral olfactory input and optic flow. However, the nature of interaction between these two sensory modalities and contribution of the resultant motor command to localizing an odour source are still unknown. We evaluated the ability of the silkmoth to localize the odour source under conditions of disturbed sensory-motor coupling, using a silkmoth-driven mobile robot. The significance of the bilateral olfaction of the moth was confirmed by inverting the robot's olfactory input that is acquired using two flexible air-suction tubes and delivered to the antennae of the moth, or its motor output. Inversion of the motor output induced consecutive circling, which was inhibited by covering the visual field of the moth. This suggests that the corollary discharge from the motor command and the reafference of self-generated optic flow generates compensatory signals to guide the surge accurately. Additionally, after inverting the olfactory input, the robot successfully tracked the odour plume by using a combination of behaviours. These results indicate that accurate guidance of the reflexive surge by integrating bilateral olfactory and visual information with innate pre-programmed behaviours increases the flexibility to track an odour plume even under disturbed circumstances.
Discontinuous gas-exchange cycle characteristics are differentially affected by hydration state and energy metabolism in gregarious and solitarious desert locusts
Authors: Talal Stav , Ayali Amir , Gefen Eran
Published: October 2015

The abolishment of discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) in severely dehydrated insects casts doubt on the generality of the hygric hypothesis, which posits that DGC evolved as a water conservation mechanism. We followed DGC characteristics in the two density-dependent phases of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, throughout exposure to an experimental treatment of combined dehydration and starvation stress, and subsequent rehydration. We hypothesized that, under stressful conditions, the more stress-resistant gregarious locusts would maintain DGC longer than solitarious locusts. However, we found no phase-specific variations in body water content, water loss rates (total and respiratory), and timing of stress-induced DGC abolishment. Likewise, locusts of both phases reemployed DGC after having ingested comparable volumes of water when rehydrated. Despite comparable water management performances, the effect of exposure to stressful experimental conditions on DGC characteristics varied significantly between gregarious and solitarious locusts. Interburst duration, affected by the ability to buffer CO2, was significantly reduced in dehydrated solitarious, compared to gregarious, locusts. Moreover, despite similar rehydration levels, only gregarious locusts recovered their initial CO2 accumulation capacity, indicating that cycle characteristics are affected by factors other than haemolymph volume. Haemolymph protein measurements and calculated respiratory quotients suggest that catabolism of haemolymph proteins may contribute to a reduced haemolymph buffering capacity, and thus a compromised ability for CO2 accumulation, in solitarious locusts. Nevertheless, DGC was lost at similar hydration states in the two phases, suggesting that DGC is terminated as a result of inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues.
Behavioural evidence for a visual and proprioceptive control of head roll in hoverflies (Episyrphus balteatus, Dipteran)
Authors: Goulard Roman , Julien-Laferriere Alice , Fleuriet Jérome , Vercher Jean-Louis , Viollet Stéphane
Published: October 2015

Hoverflies' ability to control their head orientation with respect to their body contributes importantly to their agility and their autonomous navigation abilities. Many tasks performed by this insect during flight, especially while hovering, involve a head stabilization reflex. This reflex mediated by multisensory channels prevents the visual processing from being disturbed by motion blur and maintains a consistent perception of the visual environment. The so-called Dorsal Light Response (DLR) is another head control reflex, which makes insects sensitive to the brightest part of the visual field. In this study, we experimentally validate and quantify the control loop driving the head roll with respect to the horizon in hoverflies. The new approach developed here consisted of using an upside-down horizon in a body roll paradigm. In this unusual configuration, tethered flying hoverflies surprisingly no longer use purely vision-based control for head stabilization. These results shed new light on the role of neck proprioceptor organs in head stabilization with respect to the horizon. Based on the responses obtained with male and female hoverflies, an improved model was then developed in which the output signals delivered by the neck proprioceptor organs are combined with the visual error in the estimated position of the body roll. An internal estimation of the roll angle with respect to the horizon might explain the extremely accurate flight performances achieved by some hovering insects.
A role for nitric oxide in the control of breathing in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Porteus Cosima S. , Pollack Jacob , Tzaneva Velislava , Kwong Raymond W.M. , Kumai Yusuke , Abdallah Sara J. , Zaccone Giacomo , Lauriano Eugenia Rita , Milsom William K. , Perry Steve F.
Published: October 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter, which in adult mammals, modulates the acute hypoxic ventilatory response; its role in the control of breathing in fish during development is unknown. We addressed the interactive effects of developmental age and NO in the control of piscine breathing by measuring the ventilatory response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and larvae to NO donors and by inhibiting endogenous production of NO. In adults, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, inhibited ventilation; the extent of the ventilatory inhibition was related to the pre-existing ventilatory drive, with the greatest inhibition exhibited during exposure to hypoxia (PO2=5.6 kPa). Inhibition of endogenous NO production using L-NAME supressed the hypoventilatory response to hyperoxia, supporting an inhibitory role of NO in adult zebrafish. Neuroepithelial cells, the putative oxygen chemoreceptors of fish, contain neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization, SNP increased ventilation in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of NOS activity with L-NAME or knockdown of nNOS inhibited the hypoxic (PO2=3.5 kPa) ventilatory response. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of nNOS in the NECs of larvae. Taken together, these data suggest that NO plays an inhibitory role in the control ventilation in adult zebrafish, but an excitatory role in larvae.
Some Effects of Efficiency on Wind Turbine Interference and Maximum Power Production
Authors: Abdulrahman Mamdouh , Wood David
Published: October 2015

The effects of finite efficiency on wake interference and power output are studied for identical horizontal-axis wind turbines in line with the wind. Interference occurs whenever turbines reduce the power available to any turbines downwind of them. The analysis uses wake models that are commonly employed in wind farm layout design. The aerodynamic efficiency is varied from 75% to 100% for six identical hypothetical turbines in line parallel to the wind direction with spacing from four to six rotor diameters. Selfish optimization of the power output of individual turbines and co-operative optimization of the total power are considered. For selfish control, all turbines operate at the maximum possible local C P, based on the aerodynamic efficiency. For co-operative optimization, each turbine operates at a C P value between zero and the selfish value, and the total power is optimized numerically. The results show that at low efficiency, there is little difference in total power output between the two strategies. As efficiency increases, co-operative optimization produces increasingly more power. As turbine spacing increases, the difference between the strategies decreases. There is, however, a realistic range of efficiencies and spacing over which more power is delivered by co-operative optimization. The simplest form of co-operative optimization requires reducing the power output of the most upwind turbine to allow increased performance from those downwind. This should be an easy strategy to implement in wind farm control.
Using the MIUU Model for Prediction of Mean Wind Speed at Low Height
Authors: Olauson Jon , Samuelsson Jonatan , Bergström Hans , Bergkvist Mikael
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an evaluation of using the MIUU mesoscale model to predict mean wind speed at 10 meters above ground. This was done by comparing the model output to 128 meteorological measurements in Sweden. Although some terrain-dependent bias was seen, the model worked surprisingly well. Mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.58 m/s or 0.52 m/s if a few measurements taken in highly complex terrain were excluded. By using a multiple regression model, taking into account the terrain at site, the latter value was lowered to 0.39 m/s.

The model described in this paper can be useful for a first evaluation of the wind conditions for small-scale wind power or when measurements are not feasible.
Performance Analysis of Unified Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Power Application
Authors: Rajpurohit B. S. , Singh S. N.
Published: October 2015

Increasing penetration of the large wind farm in the system has forced the power system policy makers to develop new electricity grid codes which are required for the wind power generator to fulfill the same requirements as conventional power plants. This paper introduces a new solution for doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) to stay connected to the grid during abnormal conditions. The main idea is to provide a series connected grid side converter (SGSC) with conventional DFIG scheme. A new control scheme is then described and analyzed, which allows relatively low-energy ratings in the SGSC, thereby significantly lowering the overall system cost. Analysis is carried out to explore the grid code requirements (GCR) during static and dynamic conditions for the performance of the system along with the controller for abnormal conditions. Reactive power support capability of series converter during steady state condition is also demonstrated. A detailed small-signal analysis carried out which provides the insight of oscillatory behavior of DFIG. Extensive simulation and analytical results have demonstrated the enhanced performances resulting from the application of the control scheme and in compliance with the new grid codes.
On Electrodynamic Braking for Small Wind Turbines
Authors: McMahon Niall M. , Burton Peter R. , Sharman David M.
Published: October 2015

Straightforward analysis can show that it is difficult to implement a successful electrodynamic braking system for a small wind turbine system, i.e. of swept area less than 200 m2 and power rating of 50 kW. Two principal difficulties are: (i) the peak short-circuit torque of the electrical generator can be far too low to overcome the torques associated with the wind turbine rotor, even at wind speeds close to rated; (ii) the energy dumped into the generator during braking is significant and can cause swift heating to high temperatures. Transient electrical effects can also lead to electrical and electronic component failures. Documented failures in machines of up to 10 kW indicate that it is the case that electrodynamic braking is not well understood throughout the industry. Additionally, the academic literature on the topic is sparse. In this paper, we show how very straightforward analysis can shed light on the edge cases for electrodynamic brake systems and help to avoid expensive errors.
A Workflow and Estimate for the Economic Viability of Offshore Wind Projects
Authors: Wyman Constance McDaniel , Jablonowski Christopher J.
Published: October 2015

Wind power is the fastest growing sector of electricity generation in the world and offshore wind resources have become a key component of this growth. This paper proposes a general workflow to model offshore wind projects and demonstrates the model using hypothetical projects. It uses net present value (NPV) to indicate economic viability via specification of equations for NPV, and development of probability distributions of NPV for offshore wind projects in the United States. It also examines the probability distributions of NPV for hypothetical utility-scale offshore wind projects. The analysis performed illustrates the effect of various factors on the NPV distributions and examines thresholds that may promote investment in offshore wind projects based on electricity price and average mean wind speed. Further, the effect of tax incentives on project viability is examined. The workflow and estimation demonstrate that offshore wind projects can be economically viable.
A Review of Airfoil Trailing Edge Noise with Some Implications for Wind Turbines
Authors: Doolan Con J. , Moreau Danielle J.
Published: October 2015

As trailing edge noise is the major aerodynamic noise source on a wind turbine, it is timely and relevant to review previous work in this area. This paper presents a review of previous experimental trailing edge noise studies and compares available experimental noise data for the NACA 0012 profile with data from two numerical studies. The literature review and comparison reveal the extent of the data available, the scatter in the results and some of the ideas about the cause of the scatter. Noise data compare well at laboratory scale Reynolds numbers; however, at higher Reynolds numbers that are comparable to large wind turbines, there is not much agreement and the published data are limited. Resolution of the peak radiating frequency and level must be improved in order to improve the accuracy of wind turbine noise predictions. To do so requires new experimental and computational research to understand the noise generating physics in better detail.
Aeroacoustics of Darrieus Wind Turbine
Authors: Weber Johannes , Becker Stefan , Scheit Christoph , Grabinger Jens , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: October 2015

The objective of this paper is to validate two different numerical methods for noise prediction of the H-Darrieus wind turbine using a complementary approach consisting of experimental measurements and numerical simulations. The acoustic measurements of a model scale rotor were performed in an anechoic wind tunnel. This data is the basis for the validation of the computational aeroacoustic simulations. Thereby, we have applied two different numerical schemes for noise prediction using hybrid methods. As usual in hybrid aeroacoustic approaches, flow field and acoustic calculations are carried out in separate software packages. For both schemes the time-dependent turbulent flow field is solved with Scale-Adaptive Simulation. The two schemes then differ in how the location of the acoustic sources and their propagation is calculated. In the first scheme the acoustic source terms are computed according to Lighthill's acoustic analogy which gives source terms located on the original CFD grid. These source terms are projected onto a coarser acoustic grid on which Lighthill's inhomogenous wave equation is solved by the Finite Element (FE) method. The second scheme uses the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) method which is based on a free field Green's function. The scheme uses a porous integration surface and implements an advanced time formulation. Both methodologies are compared with experimental data.
A Criterion Space Search Algorithm for Biobjective Mixed Integer Programming: The Triangle Splitting Method
Authors: Boland Natashia , Charkhgard Hadi , Savelsbergh Martin
Published: October 2015

We present the first criterion space search algorithm, the triangle splitting method, for finding all nondominated points of a biobjective mixed integer program. The algorithm is relatively easy to implement and converges quickly to the complete set of nondominated points. The algorithm maintains, at any point in time, a diverse set of nondominated points, and is thus ideally suited for fast approximation of the nondominated frontier. An extensive computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the triangle splitting method.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2015.0646 .
Anaphylaxis: know what to do
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: October 2015

This common reaction can be life-threatening if not recognised and managed correctly. By Suneeta Kochhar
Advanced breast cancer care is ‘Cinderella’ to early diagnosis
Authors: Harmer Victoria
Published: October 2015

Women with advanced breast cancer are still not getting the care they need, writes Victoria Harmer
Yellow Alert: Improving early diagnosis of childhood liver disease
Authors: Morton Alison , Taylor Alison
Published: October 2015

This article discusses the launch of the Yellow Alert app by the Children's Liver Disease Foundation. The app is designed to be used by health professionals to assist recognition of prolonged jaundice in babies, and facilitate effective and timely decisions to support referral for specialist investigations. The convenience of an app is particularly useful for health visitors working in the community as they will be able to share accurate information and resources with parents at a time when they may feel most anxious. Jaundice does not necessarily mean that a baby is ill, but if it is prolonged (defined as persisting beyond 2 weeks in a term baby and 3 weeks in a premature baby), it should be investigated. A jaundiced baby can appear completely healthy; yet late diagnosis of childhood liver disease has potentially life-changing consequences and early recognition of symptoms is crucial to improve outcomes for these children. The universal health visiting service is ideally placed to recognise prolonged jaundice in babies and early symptoms that may indicate childhood liver disease.
Neonatal skin cleansing: Whether or not to use skin cleansing products
Authors: Hugill Kevin
Published: October 2015

Beyond the need to effectively remove urine and faeces from the nappy area and ensure that skin folds and creases do not become a potential focus of infection, the hygiene needs of most neonates are fairly minimal. Despite this limited need, intense debate about skin cleansing and whether or not to use skincare products has endured. Currently, the use of skincare products and preparations with neonates is widely proscribed. However, recent research is now challenging one of the central dogmas of neonatal skin care: that water alone is best. This article revisits advice about the use of skin cleansing products in term healthy newborns in the light of new research, and suggests there is a need for a more considered and nuanced articulation of the advice provided to parents on this important aspect of care.
Is goat milk infant formula a safe alternative to cows' milk infant formula?
Authors: Battersby Susan
Published: October 2015

Breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant feeding, but some mothers are unable to breastfeed for a variety of reasons. For these mothers, it is important to have a safe alternative. Goat milk has been used for many centuries, but although goat milk formula has been used extensively in other countries for many years, in the UK it has been the tradition to use cows' milk infant formula. In 2013, in England, the Infant Formula and Follow-on Formula Regulations were amended to allow the use of goat milk as a source of protein in formula milks from March 2014. Compared to cows' milk, goat milk has more similarities to human milk. The evidence-base demonstrates that the health and nutritional outcomes of babies fed a whole goat milk (80: 20) formula were equivalent to those of babies fed a whey-based (60: 40) cows' milk formula. Further, because goat milk forms softer, looser casein curds in the infant stomach, goat milk formula has certain digestibility benefits over cows' milk formula. Although goat milk formula can be either made with whole milk or whey-adjusted, there is no evidence to suggest any benefit in adding whey to goat milk formula. As a result, goat milk formula is not only a safe alternative but also has some advantages over cows' milk formula.
Mothers work
Authors: Cowley Dame Sarah
Published: October 2015

Health visitors may be party to mothers' deliberations about when, or if, to return to work after maternity leave—but whatever their choice, they need support and for their contribution of caring in the home to be valued.
A national survey by the SDMA: use of evidence in nursing practice
Authors: Brassington N. J. , Muldoon J. , Hill C. , Arrowsmith M.
Published: October 2015

Objective:

Recently, two surveys were conducted by the Surgical Dressing Manufacturers Association (SDMA) to investigate the evidence required to support wound care products. These showed very clearly that industry provides significant amounts of evidence in a way that appears to meet the expectations of relevant health professionals and their practice for treating patients with wounds. The responses of health professionals refuted the opinion that evidence may be lacking for wound care products. Hopefully, the results of these surveys also add weight to the argument that the Cochrane Review approach is not always the most appropriate for wound care—where the comorbidities of patients are variable and often plural.
Go with the flow
Authors: More Judy
Published: October 2015

Water is an incredibly versatile and accessible resource. In this column, Kathy Brodie outlines two different ways to use water: indoor water play, which is more restrained, and outdoors water play, which is more exuberant.
All ready for bed?
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: October 2015

As the days get shorter, children may notice that their bedtime routines change. Brenda Williams' poem encourages them to think, and talk, about going to bed earlier, when it is dark outside.
Autumn treasures
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2015

Autumn offers plenty of materials to encourage children to develop their creativity. Immerse them in the sounds, colours, shapes and smells of autumn through the following outdoor activities.
Get active together
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: October 2015

With childhood obesity hitting alarming figures, and children spending more time in front of screens than ever before, Phoebe Doyle offers five ideas to help you encourage physical activity.
Make it sparkle
Authors: Cruikshank Sarah
Published: October 2015

As bonfire night is a popular celebration for many families, it offers a good opportunity to introduce some related activities to develop three and four-year-olds' communication and language skills.
Washing our hands
Authors: Hampshire Viv
Published: October 2015

Hand washing is an important skill which children should be encouraged to carry out regularly throughout the day. The following activities will help you introduce the subject in a fun way.
A witch in the ditch
Authors: de Bruin Eleanor
Published: October 2015

Room on the Broom by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler offers a lovely rhyme and great rhythm. The following activities based on the story can help you explore themes such as friendship and teamwork.
The Anarchy of Globalization: Local and Global, Intended and Unintended Consequences
Authors: Michael Perelman
Published: October 2015

Globalization is full of contradictions, creating homogeneity alongside differentiation. Classes become more differentiated while products become more homogeneous. Globalization has
stimulated growth in China, while it has contributed to dysfunctional financialization, which largely disregards the productive side of the economy. This article emphasizes
globalization as a shift in power relations in which corporations require powers that would have been unimaginable a few decades ago, while government power is becoming restricted
to the point that globalization is creating a form of unchecked corporate anarchy.
From ‘contractors to the state’ to ‘protectors of public value’? Relations between non-profit housing hybrids and the state in England
Authors: Mullins David , Jones Tricia
Published: October 2015

The move of social housing provision away from government to non-profit organisations and towards the market has been accompanied by a discourse of independence from the state. This article questions the validity of this discourse, drawing on hybridisation theory and a Delphi panel study with decision makers in 31 housing associations (HAs) in England to explore recent relations with the state. Despite considerable hybridisation, the state's continued role in defining the operating environment, resource inputs and material position of HAs is demonstrated. Recent policies of deficit reduction and welfare conditionality have challenged independent purposes of HAs. Panel organisations displayed a range of responses to these recent policies, reflecting different organisational values. Three positioning narratives are identified: ‘independent social entrepreneurs’, ‘contractors of the state’ and ‘protectors of public value’. The relationship to the state remains critical to understanding each of these positions and their implications for the future hybridisation of HAs.
Enhanced Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 IIIc Promotes Human Esophageal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ueno Nobuhiro , Shimizu Akio , Kanai Michiyuki , Iwaya Yugo , Ueda Shugo , Nakayama Jun , Seo Misuzu Kurokawa
Published: October 2015

Deregulated expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and their ligands plays critical roles in tumorigenesis. The gene expression of an alternatively spliced isoforms of FGFR3, FGFR3IIIc, was analyzed by RT-PCR in samples from patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC). The incidence of FGFR3IIIc was higher in EC [12/16 (75%); p=0.073] than in non-cancerous mucosa (NCM) [6/16 (38%)]. Indeed, an immunohistochemical analysis of early-stage ESCC showed that carcinoma cells expressing FGFR3IIIc stained positively with SCC-112, a tumor marker, and Ki67, a cell proliferation marker, suggesting that the expression of FGFR3IIIc promotes cell proliferation. We used EC-GI-10 cells endogenously expressing FGFR3IIIc as a model of ESCC to provide mechanistic insight into the role of FGFR3IIIc in ESCC. The knockdown of endogenous FGFR3 using siRNA treatment significantly abrogated cell proliferation and the overexpression of FGFR3IIIc in cells with enhanced cell proliferation. EC-GI-10 cells and ESCC from patients with EC showed endogenous expression of FGF2, a specific ligand for FGFR3IIIc, suggesting that the upregulated expression of FGFR3IIIc may create autocrine FGF signaling in ESCC. Taken together, FGFR3IIIc may have the potential to be an early-stage tumor marker and a molecular target for ESCC therapy.
Disaccharides Protect Antigens from Drying-Induced Damage in Routinely Processed Tissue Sections
Authors: Boi Giovanna , Scalia Carla Rossana , Gendusa Rossella , Ronchi Susanna , Cattoretti Giorgio
Published: October 2015

Drying of the tissue section, partial or total, during immunostaining negatively affects both the staining of tissue antigens and the ability to remove previously deposited antibody layers, particularly during sequential rounds of de-staining and re-staining for multiple antigens. The cause is a progressive loss of the protein-associated water up to the removal of the non-freezable water, a step which abolishes the immunoavailability of the epitope. In order to describe and prevent these adverse effects, we tested, among other substances, sugars, which are known to protect unicellular organisms from freezing and dehydration, and stabilize drugs and reagents in solid state form in medical devices. Disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) prevented the air drying-induced antigen masking and protected tissue-bound antigens and antibodies from air drying-induced damage. Complete removal of the bound antibody layers by chemical stripping was permitted if lactose was present during air drying. Lactose, sucrose and other disaccharides prevent air drying artifacts, allow homogeneous, consistent staining and the reuse of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections for repeated immunostaining rounds by guaranteeing constant staining quality in suboptimal hydration conditions.
Development of a multicultural competence scale for pre-service teachers
Authors: Park Myung-hee , Kim Kyung-sik
Published: October 2015

The increasing number of students from multicultural families in Korea entering to multicultural society recently has raised concerns of maladjustment problems caused by students in the school environment. The purpose of this study is to develop a multicultural competence scale for pre-service teachers to solve the educational problems mentioned above. However, before multicultural education training is carried out to those pre-service teachers, it is necessary to examine the levels of their multicultural awareness, multicultural attitude, and multicultural skills. The basic questions are examined with the content validity through the Delphi survey, a pilot survey and main survey. Objective criteria for the estimation of measurement concept such as the statistical significance of the levels of multicultural competencies between current teachers and pre-service teachers are used to test the validity of evaluation items. The multicultural competence scale from this study consists of three main factors; the Multicultural knowledge, the Multicultural attitude, and the Multicultural education skill. Each has several sub-factors. The Multicultural knowledge has four sub-factors: multicultural society knowledge, multicultural student knowledge, multicultural education knowledge, and multicultural education effect knowledge, the Multicultural attitude has two: multicultural society attitude and multicultural education attitude. The Multicultural education skill also has two: multicultural education environment skill and multicultural education method skill. Finally, 71 questions consist of these factors are extracted for a multicultural competence scale for pre-service teachers.
Authoritarian personality, unconditional self-acceptance, and multicultural attitude
Authors: Ha Jung Hee
Published: October 2015

The purpose of present study was two folds: 1) to investigate the relationship among authoritarian personality, unconditional self-acceptance and multicultural attitude. 2) to find out the moderating effects of unconditional self-acceptance on these relations. A sample of 258 office workers completed self report measures of authoritarian personality, unconditional self-acceptance, and multicultural attitude. The major achievements were as follows. First, authoritarian personality negatively correlated to multicultural attitude, and unconditional self-acceptance positively correlated to multicultural attitude. Second, the regression analysis result suggested that unconditional self-acceptance moderated the effect of authoritarian personality on multicultural attitude. Finally, implications of these findings about educational strategies and program development for multiple cultures were discussed.
Research trends on culture and art in multicultural education
Authors: Jeon Young Eun
Published: October 2015

This study attempted to analyze the research trends regarding the arts and culture education utilized in multi-cultural education for 2006-2014. For the analysis, a total of 48 papers were investigated, which are on arts and culture utilized in multi-cultural education. The findings are as follows: First, the number of papers by year was 5 in 2006, 6 in 2009, 9 in 2010, 11 in 2011, 6 in 2012, 7 in 2013, and 4 in 2014 (on the basis of August), gradually increasing from 2006 to 2011 but reducing to 6 in 2012. Second, the subjects vary, ranging from infants, elementary school students, secondary school students, university students, teachers, multi-cultural family children, and general Korean students’ to officials in charge in the agency. Third, the results of the analysis by research method revealed that literature research accounted for half of the total study, followed by qualitative research, quantitative research, and integrating research. Fourth, the results of the analysis by research topic showed discourses accounted for the most number, followed by educational materials, educational status, effects of development of educational programs, awareness and attitudes, teaching methods, course contents, etc.
Current status and future directions of language education policy for linguistic minority students
Authors: Mo Kyung-hwan , Lee Jae-boon , Hong Jong Myung , Lim Jeong Soo
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study is to address the current status and future directions of language education policies for linguistic minority students. Based on the analysis of research on language development of diverse students, language education policies of multicultural societies such as Germany, Canada, the United States, and Japan, and the current KSL and bilingual education in Korea, this article suggests improvement plans for multicultural language education. First of all, language education for students from diverse families should contribute to the development of academic achievement and bilingual literacy, educational equality, and global citizenship required to function effectively in this globalized world. Standard curriculum and teaching materials should be developed. It is also required to develop effective instruction models and share exemplary practices. All students in need of KSL and bilingual education have the right to be taught by high-quality teachers. The Increasing number of the students whose first languages are not Korean introduces more accountability for teachers, schools, and education offices.
A study on the role of bilingual lecturers in Seoul Dasom School
Authors: Men Lili , Kim Jeong-weon
Published: October 2015

The purposes of this study were to examine of role performance of bilingual lecturers in Seoul Dasom School established for the provision of public education to immigrated youths and to explore the measures of effective utilization of immigrated bilingual lecturers. For these purposes, a survey was conducted for the whole students, general teachers of Seoul Dasom School, and bilingual lecturers who had working experiences in there. A focus group interview was conducted as well. As a result, bilingual lecturers of Seoul Dasom School played various roles such as cooperative teaching, counseling supports, life guidance, interpretation/translation, Korean guidance, mother tongue guidance, school affairs, etc. after the period of voluntary adaptation. Both general teachers and students appeared to satisfy with the performance of bilingual lecturers, although there were some differences in role sectors. However, bilingual lecturers appealed their excessive job criteria and wanted to have opportunities of training to learn subjects and professional counseling so as to acquire professional knowledge and skills. In addition, they felt uneasiness toward employment contract renewed every year. For the better utilization of bilingual lecturers in Dasom School, above barriers need to be improved.
A reconsideration of the significance of multicultural education in South Korea: In light of The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt
Authors: Yang Young-ja
Published: October 2015

This study reconsiders the status and significance of multicultural education in South Korea by examining some important ideas in The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt’s magnum opus. First, this study argues that the ideas of human “plurality” and “natality” provide a fundament understanding of multicultural education in South Korea. While one can be experience oneself only through the presence of others (plurality), any human being is an immigrant in the sense that he or she came into the world (natality). Additionally, this article maintains that multicultural education needs to consider Arendt’s idea of the power of forgiving-an “action” inherent in human activities (vita activa)-as a principle for education. Lastly, employing Arendt’s concept of “banal evil,” this study examines the problems of prejudice and discrimination against others as a major obstacle to multicultural education in South Korea.
An action research of multicultural education in the “Education for International Understanding (EIU)” program for pre-service early childhood teachers focusing on the change of the teachers' perception about multiculture
Authors: Choi Jung Ah
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to conduct an action research for multicultural education in the Education for International Understanding(EIU) program by implementing the sharing activity affiliated with a multicultural center for pre-service teachers and to find out the change of pre-service early childhood teachers' perception about multiculture. The participants were fifty-five college students studying early childhood education and a lecturer. The survey and interview about experiences and perceptions of multicultural education, ongoing discussions, group interviews and journals were carried out. The participants acted as observers and volunteers at the beginning, but by doing the research, they changed their roles as planners and evaluators by sharing the project with the multicultural center. Finally the participants cast away a prejudice for the children from multiculture families and recognized them with a positive and respectful attitude, so they could understand the multicultural education better from the EIU program.
Unique simultaneous dual mechanism based bilateral femoral head fracture secondary to posterior dislocation of hip: A rare case report
Authors: Gadi Daksh , Singh Ravinder , Anand Vikas , Pathak Subodh
Published: October 2015

Hip joint being surrounded by strong ligaments and muscles is considered a stable joint and dislocations are exceptionally rare. Majority of the dislocations are unilateral and are secondary to a high velocity traumatic injury making a bilateral dislocation a rare entity. Due to high velocity injury, femur head and acetabular wall fractures have been associated to dislocations and each of the associated injuries occurs with a different mechanism of injury. In view of its rarity we hereby have reported a unique mechanism based case of bilateral posterior dislocation of hip with bilateral femoral head fracture.
Germinação de sementes de tomateiro tratadas com fontes de ferro e zinco para biofortificação agronômica
Authors: Guirra Keylan Silva , Silva José Eduardo Santos Barboza da , Silva Glória Caroline Santos Barboza da , Dantas Bárbara França , Aragão Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2015

O tomateiro é uma cultura muito exigente em nutrientes e possui destaque econômico em todo o mundo. No Brasil, alguns tipos de solos são deficitários em micronutrientes. Além do mais, pessoas de várias regiões do mundo têm sofrido devido aos elevados índices de desnutrição e anemia promovidos pela deficiência de ferro e zinco. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de tomate submetidas às fontes de ferro e zinco, utilizando técnicas de biofortificação agronômica. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), em Juazeiro-BA. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído de 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições de 25 sementes. Para o tratamento de sementes considerou-se uma produção média de 90 ton ha-1 e um espaçamento de 1,2 x 0,8 m entre plantas. Utilizaram-se como fonte dos nutrientes Sulfato de Ferro e o Sulfato de Zinco. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de Zn e 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de Fe extraídos pela cultura até a colheita. As características avaliadas foram porcentagem e cinética de germinação, além da coleta de cinco plântulas para determinação do comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, massa fresca e seca da plântula. Os resultados apontam que o incremento de dosagens de Fe e Zn nas sementes não se mostrou positivo, reduzindo a germinação e não proporcionando um desenvolvimento de plântulas.
FİNANSAL EĞİTİME BAKIŞ
Authors: Temizel Fatih , ÖZGÜLER İsmet
Published: October 2015

Bu çalışmada Finansal Eğitimin günümüz toplumları açısından taşıdığı önem belirlenmiştir. Bireysel ve toplumsal önemi uluslararası kabul gören finansal eğitimin artırılmasına yönelik organizasyonlar ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla uluslararası kuruluşların ve ulusal otoritelerin girişimleri incelenmiştir. Bu girişimlerin gelişmekte olan ülkeler için doğru örnekler olarak kabul edilebilecek yönleri ortaya konmuştur. Türkiye özelinde kamu önderliğinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının katılımı ile organize edilebilecek finansal eğitim örnekleri derlenmiştir. Finansal Okuryazarlığın ölçülmesi ve toplumsal özellikler dikkate alınarak artırılması konusunda deneyimler araştırılmıştır. Avustralya, Japonya, İngiltere ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki uygulamalar ele alınmıştır. Bilgilendirme, Eğitim ve Danışmanlık başlıkları altında finansal eğitime erişim ile finansal hizmetlerin etkinliğinin artırabilmesinin olanaklı olduğu uluslararası deneyimler ışığında ifade edilmiştir.
Prediabetes linked to excess glucagon in transgenic mice with pancreatic active AKT1
Authors: Albury-Warren Toya M , Pandey Veethika , Spinel Lina P , Masternak Michal M , Altomare Deborah A
Published: October 2015

Protein kinase B/AKT has three isoforms (AKT1–3) and is renowned for its central role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, due to its constitutive activation in various cancers. AKT2, which is highly expressed in insulin-responsive tissues, has been identified as a primary regulator of glucose metabolism as Akt2 knockout mice (Akt2−/−) are glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant. However, the role of AKT1 in glucose metabolism is not as clearly defined. We previously showed that mice with myristoylated Akt1 (AKT1Myr) expressed through a bicistronic Pdx1-TetA and TetO-MyrAkt1 system were susceptible to islet cell carcinomas, and in this study we characterized an early onset, prediabetic phenotype. Beginning at weaning (3 weeks of age), the glucose-intolerant AKT1Myr mice exhibited non-fasted hyperglycemia, which progressed to fasted hyperglycemia by 5 months of age. The glucose intolerance was attributed to a fasted hyperglucagonemia, and hepatic insulin resistance detectable by reduced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor following insulin injection into the inferior vena cava. In contrast, treatment with doxycycline diet to turn off the transgene caused attenuation of the non-fasted and fasted hyperglycemia, thus affirming AKT1 hyperactivation as the trigger. Collectively, this model highlights a novel glucagon-mediated mechanism by which AKT1 hyperactivation affects glucose homeostasis and provides an avenue to better delineate the molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetes mellitus and the potential association with pancreatic cancer.
Improving Students’ Skills in Translation through Students-Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Technique
Authors: Ahmad Syarwan
Published: October 2015

This classroom action rresearch was aimed at improving students’ skills in translating at the English Department of the State Islamic University (UIN) Ar-Rarniry Banda Aceh by using the Student-Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Technique. Throughout the entire cycles, students worked in groups of 4-5 persons to plan and write their translations. The study showed that the average score of pre- test (66) increased dramatically to reach 86, and moved up a little higher (87) after the second cycle. It is recommended that STAD Cooperative Technique be implemented in teaching translation courses.  Key words: Teaching translation; STAD; UIN Aceh.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved