bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moldova’daki Devlet Okullarında Din Eğitim
Authors: Akpınar Ömer
Published: March 2024

Bir Güney Doğu Avrupa ülkesi olan Moldova, dini açıdan, Ortodoks Hristiyan bir ülkedir. Devlet laiktir. Ancak Moldova’da inanç özgürlüğü anayasal bir haktır. Eski bir Sovyet ülkesi olan Moldova, diğer Sovyet ülkelerinde olduğu gibi, resmi olarak ateist topluma sahipti. Bu dönemde inanç baskılandı. Dindar bir topluma sahip olan Moldova’da bağımsızlık sonrası oluşan demokratik ortam sebebiyle dini kurumlar açıldı. Toplumda din eğitimi konusunda talep oluştu. Bu sebeple okullarda din eğitimi verilmeye başlandı. Bugün ülkede din eğitimi ilkokulda başlar. Din eğitimi, eğitimin tüm kademelerinde mevcuttur. Din eğitimi zorunlu değildir. Zorunlu olarak okutulan ahlak eğitimi dersinden zaman içerisinde ayrılan din dersleri, seçmeli olarak okutulmaktadır. Okutulun din dersleri Hristiyanlığın belli başlı mezheplerinden ibarettir. Okullarda teolojisi öğretilen mezhepler toplumsal talep ve politik tutuma göre belirlenmiştir. Halkın büyük çoğunluğu Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi’ne (ROK) bağlı olmasına rağmen, Evangelist Hristiyanlar ve Yedinci Gün Adventistler için devlet okullarında eğitim verilmektedir. Diğer yandan Romanya Ortodoks Kilisesi (ROOK) ve ROK arasındaki çatışma sebebiyle Ortodoks din eğitimi, kilise ismi konusuna girmeden, Din Ortodoks Mezhebi adı altında öğretilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Moldovan devletler okullarındaki din eğitimi araştırılmıştır. Sovyet sonrası Moldova’da din eğitiminin süreci incelenmiştir. Ülkedeki din eğitiminin hangi eğitim kademelerinde nasıl uygulandığı araştırılmış, araştırmada derslerin müfredatları ve ders kitapları tetkik edilmiştir. Başka bir ifadeyle doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca devlet okullarında verilen din eğitiminin öğreticileri (öğretmenler) bu çalışmanın konusudur. Gerek kilise papazlarının gerekse resmi öğretmenlerin din eğitimi dersindeki istihdam koşulları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sınırlılıkları içinde, özel okullarda din eğitimi, araştırmanın dışında bırakılmıştır. Moldova’daki din eğitimi üzerine Türkçe literatürde bir çalışma yoktur. Bu sebeple çalışma literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayacaktır.
Durability of concrete subjected to acidic exposure under flexural loading
Authors: Li Beixing , Yang Hongtian , Yuan Xiaolu
Published: March 2024

The durability of concrete under combined acidic exposure and flexural loading was studied. Concrete specimens were made and subjected to up to 168 days of exposure to flexural loading (stress levels of 0, 0.35 and 0.50 of the 28 day flexural strength) and an acidic environment. Concrete properties such as neutralisation depth, mass change, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. The compositions of different samples were determined by means of X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis and the microstructure of samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, with an increase in stress level from 0 to 0.50, the performance of the concrete deteriorated gradually and the deterioration in the tension zone was greater than that in the compression zone. The concrete performance improved within 28 days but deteriorated dramatically afterwards. The acidic solution reacted with the cement paste, leading to the formation of harmful gypsum and the decomposition and dissolution of cement hydration products. An increase in stress level increased the porosity of the concrete, accelerating the rate of acid erosion, which led to a deterioration of concrete performance.
Natural weathering effects of nonwoven geotextile exposed to different climate conditions
Authors: Dias Filho J. L. E. , Silva J. L. , Valentin C. A. , Fleury M. P. , Aparicio-Ardila M. A. , Vidal D. M. , Costa C. M. L.
Published: March 2024

Humidity, air temperature, rainfall and solar radiation all contribute to the weathering of geosynthetics. Over time, their useful life can be affected and changes in properties can be observed, which affects the performance of these materials. As geosynthetics durability analyses must encompass each work condition, assessing the climate effects is essential for design purposes. This study exposed a nonwoven needle-punched poly(ethylene) terephthalate geotextile to natural weathering in three Brazilian cities (different exogenous environments) for 18 months. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the geotextile changes due to weathering. This was demonstrated by the results: exposure to weather leads to the deterioration of the geotextile mechanical properties and increased stiffness. After four months, the tensile strength fell by half, while the deformation needed more than 12 months to have this same reduction; ultraviolet radiation intensity was the most effective weathering condition in the field; humidity and rainfall can affect the stiffness of geotextiles; the impact of accumulated climate factors gradually showed a convergence in the response of geotextile to weathering. Thus, this work highlights the need to evaluate the climate conditions in each location to understand the material's behavior on the exposure time.
Predictive models of reading difficulties considering neuropsycholinguistic profiles of atypical and ADHD-inattentive type readers, and eye-tracking measures
Authors: Pereira Norberto , Costa Maria Armanda , Guerreiro Manuela
Published: March 2024

This study reports on several specific neurocognitive processes and eye-tracking predictors of reading outcomes for a sample of children with Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) compared to typical readers. Participants included 19 typical readers, 21 children diagnosed with ADHD-I and 19 children with DD. All participants were attending 4th grade and had a mean age of 9.08 years. The psycholinguistic profile of each group was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological and linguistic tests. Participants were submitted to a silent reading task with lexical manipulation of the text. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the predictive capability of developing dyslexia or ADHD-I based on the following measures: (a) a linguistic model that included measures of phonological awareness, rapid naming, and reading fluency and accuracy; (b) a cognitive neuropsychological model that included measures of memory, attention, visual processes, and cognitive or intellectual functioning, and (c) an additive model of lexical word properties with manipulation of word-frequency and word-length effects trough eye-tracking. The additive model in conjunction with the neuropsychological model classification improved the prediction of who develops dyslexia or ADHD-I having as baseline normal readers. Several of the neuropsychological and eye-tracking variables have power to predict the degree of reading outcomes in children with learning disabilities.
Dynamics of eye dominance behavior in virtual reality
Authors: Prummer Franziska , Sidenmark Ludwig , Gellersen Hans
Published: March 2024

Prior research has shown that sighting eye dominance is a dynamic behavior and dependent on horizontal viewing angle. Virtual reality (VR) offers high flexibility and control for studying eye movement and human behavior, yet eye dominance has not been given significant attention within this domain. In this work, we replicate Khan and Crawford’s (2001) original study in VR to confirm their findings within this specific context. Additionally, this study extends its scope to study alignment with objects presented at greater depth in the visual field. Our results align with previous results, remaining consistent when targets are presented at greater distances in the virtual scene. Using greater target distances presents opportunities to investigate alignment with objects at varying depths, providing greater flexibility for the design of methods that infer eye dominance from interaction in VR.
No River: A Prosthetic Flashback
Authors: O'Brien Adam
Published: March 2024

This video essay responds to moments in The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976) in which the protagonist invokes memories of a river. It does so by way of the ‘prosthetic flashback,’ a videographic technique whereby the critic includes extratextual footage which performs a character’s memory image. The work has two key goals: to critically respond to the distinctive anthropocentrism of Cassavetes’s cinema by expanding on fleeting and uncharacteristic (but significant) instances of pathetic fallacy; and to model the affordances of the prosthetic flashback.
The Mediator Role of Rejection Sensitivity Between Perceived Maternal Narcissism and Self-disclosure in Romantic Relationship
Authors: Faraji Haydeh , Bilğiş Cemile , Darçın Zeynep
Published: March 2024

The first aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between self-disclosure in romantic relationships, rejection sensitivity and perceived maternal narcissism. The second one is to examine the mediating role of rejection sensitivity between perceived maternal narcissism and self-disclosure in romantic relationships. The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Level of Self-Disclosure in Romantic Relationship Scale (LSRRS), the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), and the Perceived Maternal Narcissism Scale (PMNS) were given to the participants. The analysis was done using the SPSS 25 program. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. The study's results suggest that rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between perceived maternal narcissism and each narcissistic trait perceived by the mother and self-disclosure in romantic relationships. It has been determined that traits of the mother with a narcissistic personality may cause rejection sensitivity in interaction with the child, and this can negatively affect the self-disclosure towards the romantic partner of the adult.
The Effect of Marriage Enrichment Program on Spousal Burnout of Married Women
Authors: Menteş Adem , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: March 2024

This study examines the effect of the Marriage Enrichment Program on spouse burnout. The study is a study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up test and experiment-control group. The study group consisted of 18 married women: nine in the experimental group and nine in the control group. A 10-session “Marriage Enrichment Program” based on awareness raising was applied to the experimental group. The study used the spousal Burnout Scale and Personal Information Form as data collection tools. The spousal Burnout Scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test, post-test and follow-up test. Whether the difference between the pretest-posttest-follow-up test mean scores of the experimental and control groups was significant was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranking test. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the Marriage Enrichment Program reduced spouse burnout. In addition, it was concluded that this effect lasted for at least 12 weeks according to the follow-up test result averages. In the control group, which was not treated, no improvement was observed in the levels of spouse burnout. The findings were interpreted, and suggestions were made as a result.
Organizational Overview of Maslow and Management Research
Authors: Durmuş İbrahim
Published: March 2024

Maslow's theory of motivation or hierarchy of needs; has been the subject of much research on a global scale in the physiological, psychological, and sociological framework. This situation, especially in terms of organizations (public or private), concerns both the employees and the management mechanism. Maslow and management generally reveal the theoretical and relational results in the policies applied in organizations. In the literature, studies in which studies carried out in Maslow and management research are systematically expressed quite limited. The research was carried out using the R program and bibliometric analysis applications with the help of the WoS database on Maslow and management research. As a result of the research analysis, the most emphasized keywords by the authors; motivation, Maslow, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, needs hierarchy, needs, management, self-actualization, leadership, psychology, innovation, sustainability, job satisfaction, China, satisfaction, commitment, human psychology, human needs, Covid-19, management theory, personality division, hierarchy, Maslow's theory, performance, spirituality, sustainable development, theory, Abraham Maslow, creativity, productivity, quality life, rural, safety, culture, values, need, human resource management, well-being, workplace, academic libraries cold war, behavior, cognition, demand, and development. As a result of the analysis, it was understood that the concepts of management, performance, work, job satisfaction, personality, self, attitudes, environment, healthcare, perceptions, participation, antecedents, and science have strong relationships together. The results obtained in Maslow and management research have revealed that organizational activities are also effective in addition to the needs and psychological aspects of individuals.
SPDEF drives pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression via transcriptional upregulation of S100A16 and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Hang , Xue Zhiqian , Zhao Liping , Wang Boyuan , Wang Chenfei , Song Haihan , Sun Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a notably aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and an unfavorable prognosis for patients. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms by which Sam's pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) exerts effects on PAAD progression. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their integration with ETS family members using the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, hence identifying SPDEF as a core gene in PAAD. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed SPDEF’s prognostic potential. In vitro experiments validated the association with cell proliferation and apoptosis, affecting pancreatic cancer cell dynamics. We detected increased SPDEF expression in PAAD tumor samples. Our in vitro studies revealed that SPDEF regulates mRNA and protein expression levels, and significantly affects cell proliferation. Moreover, SPDEF was associated with reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell migration and invasion. In-depth analysis of SPDEF-targeted genes revealed four crucial genes for advanced prognostic model, among which S100A16 was significantly correlated with SPDEF. Mechanistic analysis showed that SPDEF enhances the transcription of S100A16, which in turn enhances PAAD cell migration, proliferation, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study revealed the critical role of SPDEF in promoting PAAD by upregulating S100A16 transcription and stimulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This knowledge deepened our understanding of pancreatic cancer's molecular progression and unveiled potential therapeutic strategies targeting SPDEF-driven pathways.
Research on Online Condition monitoring for Complex System based on Modified Broad Learning Systems
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Jie
Published: March 2024

Complex systems contain numerous interacting components, thus deep learning methods with powerful performance and complex structure are often used to achieve condition monitoring. However, the deep learning methods are always too time-consuming and hardware-demanding to be loaded into complex systems for online training and updates. To achieve accurate and timely monitoring of complex system state, based on broad learning system (BLS), an online condition monitoring method is proposed in this paper. General BLSs are based on a randomly generated hidden-layer, usually perform poorly in high-dimensional data classification tasks. In this work, based on correlation and causality, two modified BLSs are proposed and mixed to establish the online monitoring system. Specifically, logistic regression (LR) and structural causal model (SCM) are considered to form rough predictions of the system state, thus to replace the randomly generated ones with no practical significance. The effectiveness of the proposed online monitoring method is verified by both simulation data and real data.
BRİTANYA İMPARATORLUĞU VE TRANSATLANTİK KÖLE TİCARETİ: İMAJ-GERÇEK VE ÇIKARLAR TEMELİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Erkul İbrahim Çağrı
Published: March 2024

İnsanlık tarihinin ilk dönemlerinden beri var olan kölelik, Portekizlilerin Afrikalı köleleri Amerika Kıtası’na taşımalarıyla yeni bir evreye girmiştir. Britanya her ne kadar transatlantik köle ticaretini başlatmamış olsa da bu ticaretin beraberinde getirdiği zenginliği fark etmiş ve imparatorluğunun genişlemesine paralel olarak, köle ticaretindeki payını arttırmıştır. Bu noktada köle ticaretine uzun bir süre liderlik de etmiş olan Britanya, 1807 Köle Ticareti Yasası’nı ve 1833 Köleliğin Kaldırılması Yasası’nı çıkarak, kölelik politikasında realizm temelinde değişikliğe gitmiştir. Böylece köle ticaretini ve köleliği ortadan kaldırma yönünde bir irade ortaya koyan Britanya’nın bu tutumu, küresel anlamda köle ticaretinin sona erdirilmesinde hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Makale, bu tutum değişikliğinin nedenlerini Britanya’nın çıkarları özelinde ortaya koyma ve imparatorluğun kölelikten elde ettiği faydaları, oluşturduğu imajın ardında göreli olarak sürdürdüğü iddiasını gerekçelendirme amacındadır. Bu iddiayı gerekçelendirebilmek için Britanya’nın köle ticaretine ve kölelik sistemine dahli noktasında bütüncül bir yaklaşım izlenmiş ve konu zaman dilimine uygun olarak ele alınmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Britanya’nın köle ticaretinde öne çıkan İspanya, Portekiz, Fransa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Brezilya ile ilişkilerine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca dönem kaynaklarından da yararlanılarak konu kendi gerçekliğinde analiz edilmiştir.
DİJİTALDE FİLM NOİR’İN İZİNİ SÜRMEK: “BOZKIR” VE “ÇEKİÇ VE GÜL: BİR BEHZAT Ç. HİKÂYESİ” DİZİLERİNDE KARA FİLM
Authors: Özkantar Mustafa Özer
Published: March 2024

Sinema güçlü sanatsal altyapısı, çok yönlü anlatı araçları ve birçok farklı sanat türünden beslenebilme potansiyeli nedeniyle çok katmanlı bir bağlama sahiptir. Bu durum sinemanın farklı ülkelerde farklı sinematik yapılar kazanmasını ve birçok alt janrın ya da üslubun meydana gelmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Bunlardan en önemlilerinden biri Film Noir yani Kara Film’dir. Kara Film sinema evrenine girdiğinden bu yana, gerek sinema anlatısına gerekse sinematografik oluşumlara büyük katkılarda bulunmuş, değişen çağın film trendlerine eklemlenmiş, alt türler, yan karakterler ve çok kültürlülükten beslenmiştir. Doğal olarak günümüzde dönüşen sinema ve film izleme deneyiminin uzantılarında dahi Kara Film’in izlerine rastlamak olasıdır. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı yakın dönem dijital mecralarda yayınlanan dizilerde Film Noir’in yansımalarını araştırmaktır. Dolayısıyla halen dijital mecralarda yayınlanmaya devam eden Bozkır ve Çekiç ve Gül: Behzat Ç. Hikâyesi isimli diziler kasti örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiş ve bu yapımlar sinematografi, mekân anlatı ve karakterler bağlamında analize tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak her iki dizinin değişen ve dönüşen sinema anlatılarına karşın halen Kara Film’e dair birçok özellik taşıdığı ve Film Noir’in dijitalde de kendine yer edinmeyi başardığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Corticosteroid in Mucosal Lesions
Authors: Gupta Dr. Priti , Sharma Dr. Swati , Sadiq Dr. Heena
Published: March 2024

This book is an attempt to review the usage of corticosteroids in the oral mucosal lesions which can be seen in many patients regularly visiting dental surgeons. This book is a 2 years of hard work put in by three dentists namely Dr. Priti Gupta, Dr. Swati Sharma and Dr. Heena Sadiq. Hopefully this book helps the dentist to clear every doubt before prescribing corticosteroids in oral mucosal lesions.
Implants - A Total Anchorage Device
Authors: Kumar Dr. Mukesh , Kumari Dr. Sommya
Published: March 2024

This first edition of the book Implants – A Total Anchorage Device is now respectfully presented to the seniors, colleagues and the postgraduate students of orthodontics.
A comprehensive manuscript of the recent advancements is always awaited. And is more difficult to gain a thorough insight about the topic which has got a very few pages in the text books. Therefore, this book was compiled to provide a thorough insight to the most recent topic in the speciality of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics.
It was really difficult to write the book, but the guidance and blessings of mentors was always next to me to reach the goal.
It is confidently believed that this book will furnish the necessary information essential to successful orthodontic implant handling.
While the difficulties are likely to be encountered in the clinical practice, but I have recognized the potential problems and presented here a detailed clinical description. All the chapters have been carefully designed and described as well. The figures in each part have been carefully labelled, being suited to a very young clinician, Whose time is limited.
This book itself is a complete clinical guide to success.
Syndromes and Eponymous Signs in Ear Nose Throat
Authors: Nemade Dr. Sanjana Vijay , Shinde Dr. Kiran Jayawant
Published: March 2024

Ear Nose Throat (ENT) surgeons are very much accustomed to common diseases in ENT. But it is challenging when it presents as a syndrome. At that time, striking of the correct syndrome can guide to proper and prompt treatment. Syndromes involving other systems are dealt with separately. ENT surgeons need to know the ENT features of common syndromes as they are likely to meet patients with these conditions in their clinical practice. The spectacular advances in basic and clinical genetics during the past two decades have brought congenital malformations and inherited disorders to the forefront of medical attention and care. The complete evaluation and treatment of these disorders can be challenging as well as rewarding. Management of congenital or acquired hearing loss; adequate speech and language education for maintenance of communication; airway management; swallowing exercises, and reconstructive surgery of head and neck are the primary modalities of treatment by an otolaryngologist. Major collaboration occurs between the otolaryngologist and the audiologist, speech therapist, maxillofacial prosthodontist, oral surgeon, and pediatrician. Most of the syndromes show multisystem involvement. Multidisciplinary collaboration plays an important role in the treatment. Referral to geneticist should be considered for molecular genetic testing and genetic counselling. This book provides a brief list of the more common ENT-related genetic and non-genetic syndromes as well as eponymous signs.
A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Engineering
Authors: Uddin Rehan , Rajawat Dr. Jitendra Singh , Sharma Dr. Uma Shankar
Published: March 2024

This is a text book of Pharmaceutical Engineering. This book is made according to the new syllabus of Pharmacy Council of India for B.Pharmacy, 2nd year, 3rd semester students. This book contains 11 chapters. The chapters are; Flow of Fluids, Size Reduction, Size Separation, Heat Transfer, Evaporation, Distillation, Drying, Mixing, Filtration, Centrifugation and Materials of Pharmaceutical Plant Construction, Corrosion and its Prevention. This book contains simple methodology and language. This book will be useful for the students as well as for the teachers. This book contains diagrams that make the students learn the concept easily. Pharmaceutical Engineering is a broad term. It deals with the study of industrial technologies, methods, instruments, and concept of Pharmaceutics. The advanced field of Pharmaceutical Engineering is Industrial Pharmacy. There is a need for a concise and systematic approach to the subject “Pharmaceutical Engineering’’. This Pharmaceutical Engineering book contains unit operations and engineering drawings.
Essential Guide for Practical Orthopaedics - Set of 2 Volumes
Authors: Sharma Jayant
Published: March 2024

The book is designed to highlight on the various stations of Orthopaedic practical examinations.

It essentially covers:
In the First Volume:

Long Cases.
Short Cases.

In the Second Volume:

Ward Rounds.
Orthosis Prosthesis.
Instruments and Implants.
Radiology.
Operative procedures.

It is a handy guide for all the M.S, D.N.B appearing students across the country.
Practical Lab Manual of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - II, B. Pharm 3rd Semester (As Per PCI Syllabus)
Authors: Dwivedi Dr. Shivendra Kumar
Published: March 2024

This book having the "Practical Lab Manual of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - II (Organic Chemistry - II)" as per PCI regulation, written with an intention to benefit the B. Pharma students for easy understanding.
In Pharmaceutical Chemistry it is very important to have a sensitive, accurate, precise, and selective methods of synthesis and characterization for crude drugs. A sincere attempt has been made to prepare the content simple, concise, and easy to understand. The content of each experiment is further arranged conceptually and logically to maintain the flow of information. 
The present handbook could be beneficial not only to the pharmacy students, but it could be helpful to other chemistry-related courses also. We hope that students and teachers of pharmacy as well as pharmaceutical chemistry synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry find this book very useful. Particularly this book includes PCI new syllabus for B. Pharmacy (3rd Semester) students to carry out the experiments of Organic Chemistry - II.
Notes on Medical Microbiology for BOTT
Authors: Bareja Dr. Rajesh
Published: March 2024

This book consists of topics according to the syllabus of BOTT stream. It consists of – General Microbiology, Immunology, Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology and Applied Microbiology. The book comprises the diagrams and flowcharts accordingly.

Since 2009, I have been teaching medical and paramedical students. For medical students, however, various options are available but for paramedical students limited books are available. During teaching to paramedic’s, I had to make them understand to read medical books for proper concepts because without concept they could not understand the topic. I had to advise them to go for xerox to a particular chapter from particular medical book. Finally, I started to provide them my notes (soft copy of Ppt. or print out) to avoid this type of confusion because most of the students were not able to purchase these costly medical books. I had been appointed as an external examiner for paramedical examination in different paramedical institutes and observed the same difficulties in these institute’s students also.

Some paramedical (BOTT) colleges are also attached with their respective medical colleges and faculty from these medical colleges are used to appoint to teach these paramedical students especially for anatomy, biochemistry and microbiology subjects. They cannot teach these paramedical (BOTT) students as medical student. Therefore, faculty members are also facing the difficulties that how much to teach them because the books presently available in the market are not satisfying the teachers and students as well.

Some students and faculty members gave me opinion to publish my notes in the form of book. After proper discussion with paramedical students, I have come to know their requirements. Now I have prepared my notes in form of book that consists of concise information which is sufficient for BOTT students. This book consists of easy language, concise and proper information for concepts with flow charts, diagrams and expected question that can be asked in examination.

Dear students, remember, this book is for you, if you find any difficulty to understand any topic or you want to modified any chapter according to your need, then you can contact me through my email without any hesitation. I will try my best to fulfil your requirement.
Lingual Orthodontics
Authors: Bhushan Dr. Vidya , Rai Dr. Shilpa
Published: March 2024

The book begins with a glimpse of the world of orthodontics and its various branches. The introductory chapters on lingual orthodontics explain the evolution of lingual technique through the years. It describes the diagnostic considerations which hold the key to successful lingual orthodontic treatment and covers information on various types of brackets designed specifically for lingual orthodontics, specialized instruments, laboratory techniques, and the indirect method of bonding. A substantial chapter has been devoted to biomechanics involved in lingual orthodontics. The entire volume is devoted to the invisibly visible technique with special reference to the scope of lingual orthodontics. This book can serve as a chair-side manual in addition to being an excellent reference.
A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry (As Per New PCI Syllabus) for B. Pharmacy, Ist Semester
Authors: Nagar Dr. Akhil , Bendale Dr. Atul , Ugale Dr. Vinod , Kakade Dr. Rajanikant
Published: March 2024

Pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry is considered to be one of the fundamental subjects of B. Pharmacy curriculum of Indian universities. Our several years of experience in teaching pharmaceutical chemistry have motivated us to write this textbook. This is an effort to engage students with the working knowledge of inorganic chemistry principles, nature and transformation of materials and their applications to pharmaceutical development.
This book has been written strictly in accordance with the current syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India, for B. pharmacy students. Keeping in view the needs and interests, this book has been written to cover all the topics in an easy-to-understand way. 
This book has been divided into eight units covering the complete syllabus of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry. The key feature of this book includes a simple and holistic approach with illustrations and tables.
MCQs in Pharmacology (For Undergraduate & Postgraduate Students)
Authors: Mehta Dr. Maulin
Published: March 2024

Highlights

Covers a wide spectrum of topics in Pharmacology – an important subject of MBBS curriculum.
MCQ format – A promising tool for exam preparations.
Student-friendly.
Extremely useful to MBBS, and PG students for quick revision of the subject.
A perfect handbook for self-assessment.
Exam-oriented.
Easy readability and easy to revise.
Recent Advances in Medical Education, Knowledge and Research
Authors: MD Prof. Dr. Atul Choube
Published: March 2024

The book incorporates current trends in diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
It is a useful tool for knowledge of all medical subjects, current medical education, and research.
The book will be helpful to medical students pursuing both undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses in all subjects.
The book will also be a guiding light to doctors appearing in competitive examinations and job interviews.
Highlights of the book include questions and answers.
A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Gandhi Nehal C.
Published: March 2024

The textbook introduces details of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry is playing a key role in pharmaceutical research. The text covers various aspects of theories relating the principle, all topics are dealt with in great detail. The explanation of each topic is supported by figures, graphics and tables. This book is in a systemic way with exercises at the end of each chapter and also summarize all Pharmaceutical inorganic compound at the end of all chapters.
De unitarios convencidos a resignados federales. Los socialistas frente al federalismo argentino y la formación de nuevas provincias (1896-1932)
Authors: Gallucci Lisandro
Published: March 2024

En este artículo se exploran las miradas socialistas en torno al federalismo argentino, las cuales no han sido objeto de atención específica por parte de la historiografía. Para ello se pone foco en una dimensión puntual, como fue la representada por los Territorios Nacionales, espacios que constituían dependencias del gobierno federal, pero que desde su origen fueron concebidos como futuras provincias. Como aquí se demuestra, el Partido Socialista mantuvo una postura adversa a la creación de nuevas provincias, consecuente con el juicio negativo que dicha fuerza política tenía respecto del federalismo argentino. Ese rechazo persistió hasta 1932, cuando un conjunto de circunstancias condujo al partido a consumar un giro federal que lo llevó a convertirse en impulsor de la transformación de los Territorios en provincias. El examen de esta trayectoria echa luz sobre aspectos poco estudiados de uno de los partidos políticos más importantes de la Argentina del siglo XX.
Effect of Elastomeric Module Degradation and Ligation Methods on Kinetic Friction between NiTi or Stainless Steel Wires and Stainless Steel Brackets
Authors: Ebrahimi Pooya , Nastarin Parastou , Hadilou Mahdi , Karimzadeh Behnaz , Kachoei Mojgan
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The reduction of resistance to sliding between the archwire and bracket promotes more seamless tooth movement, leading to a faster and improved orthodontic treatment experience. This research aimed to examine how the degradation of elastomeric modules, different ligation methods, bracket-wire angle, and wire type (nickel titanium, NiTi or stainless-steel, SS) impact the kinetic friction resulting from the interaction between NiTi or SS archwires and SS brackets.
Materials and Methods: The current in vitro study was conducted on nine groups, including NiTi and SS archwires with three types of ligations (O-ring, figure of 8, and SS wire ligature) and two bracket-wire angles (0˚ and 10˚). The kinetic friction in each group was measured using a Universal Testing Machine at four time intervals: baseline, day one, week one, and week four. Repeated measures ANOVA, Mauchly test of sphericity followed by the Greenhouse-Geisser test, and relevant post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
Results: The authors found a decrease in kinetic friction in all types of ligations, which confirmed the effect of time on the degradation of ligation modules. The kinetic friction of figure of 8 ligations was higher than both O-ring and SS wire ligations. No difference was observed between O-ring and SS wire ligations. Furthermore, the bracket-wire angle did not affect friction.
Conclusion: The authors suggest that the use of figure of 8 ligations in NiTi and SS wires should be limited due to their high friction and replaced with other types of ligations, if possible.
Effects of Two Remineralizing agents in Combination with Er:YAG and CO2 Laser Irradiation on Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
Authors: Mapar Mehran , Gholizadeh Sara , Moalemnia Mina
Published: March 2024

Objectives:  This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and Remin Pro containing hydroxyapatite, fluoride and xylitol (HFX) with/without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 70 sound human premolars were mesiodistally sectioned, demineralized at a pH of 4.6 for 8 hours, and randomly divided into 7 remineralization groups (n=10): of (I) MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), (II) Remin Pro (HFX), (III) MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser (0.7 W power, 50 Hz), (IV) Remin Pro+CO2 laser, (V) MI Paste Plus+Er:YAG laser (1 W power, 10 Hz), (VI) Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser, and (VII) negative control. The Vickers hardness number of specimens was then measured. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).
Results: The mean microhardness was 319.8±49.9, 325.3±44.6, 359.4±35.7, 296.4±33.7, 319.9±58.1, 358.9±28.4, and 240.0±41.6 kg/mm2 in groups 1 to 7, respectively. The difference in microhardness was significant among the groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in microhardness between all groups (P≤0.03) except between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both Remin Pro (containing HFX) and MI Paste Plus (containing CPP-ACFP) can cause enamel remineralization.  MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser irradiation were significantly more effective than the application of each remineralizing agent alone.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Clinical and Radiographic Success Rates of MTA and rhBMP2 in Pulpotomy of Primary Teeth
Authors: Nourbakhsh Nosrat , Ziaei Sanaz , Panahi Hesam , Sedaghat Nahad , Behnia Amirhossein
Published: March 2024

Objectives: In an ideal pulpotomy, the radicular pulp remains vital, healthy, and fully encased within an odontoblastic layer. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been suggested to facilitate this outcome. We aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic failure and success rates of MTA and rhBMP2 as pulpotomy medicaments.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight teeth from 3–6-year-old children were randomly assigned to two groups using a split-mouth design. Cervical pulpotomy was performed using MTA in one group and rhBMP2 in the other. Subsequently, the teeth were restored with stainless-steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-up intervals to evaluate success and failure rates. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P<0.05)
Results: At six and nine months, one tooth in the BMP2 group and one tooth in the MTA group showed internal resorption, respectively. After 12 months, one tooth in the BMP2 group exhibited PDL widening. The radiographic success rate was 100% for the MTA- and 97.1% for the BMP2-group at six months, 96.7% for both groups at nine months, and 96.7% and 93.3%, respectively, at 12 months. No clinical failure criteria were observed in any of the teeth. Survival analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: The study reveals comparable outcomes between rhBMP2 and MTA, suggesting rhBMP2 as a viable alternative for pulpotomy in primary teeth. With minimal incidences of complications and no significant differences noted, rhBMP2 demonstrates potential for clinical use.
Molecular Characterization of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Detected in Humans in Ağrı, Türkiye
Authors: Aydemir Selahattin , Barlık Fethi , Ekici Abdurrahman , Barlık Dilara Hande , Alkan Sevil , Gürbüz Esra , Yılmaz Hasan
Published: March 2024

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye.
Methods: This study included 184 patients who applied to Ağrı-Diyadin State Hospital, Türkiye in 2022. The immunochromatographic card test was used for detection of the G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Nested PCR-RFLP analysis of the COWP gene and sequence analysis of the gp60 gene were used to genotype and subtype Cryptosporidium spp., whereas Nested PCR and sequence analyses of β-giardin gene were used genotype G. intestinalis.
Results: Of the 184 stool specimens examined, 12 (14.29%) and 7 (3.80%) were positive for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively. The Cryptosporidium species were identified as C. parvum belonging to the IId subtype family. The G. intestinalis were identified assemblages A.
Conclusion: Assemblage A, which is associated with diarrhea, is responsible for giardiasis and C. parvum IId subtype, often found in sheep, goats and cattle, is responsible for cryptosporidiosis in Ağrı, Türkiye.
Alpha-Pinene and Tannic Acid Inhibit Trichomonas vaginalis Protozoan Cells by Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Moradi Masoumeh , Dastan Dara , Fallah Mohammad , Nahanji Manizhe Kashi , Matini Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated.
Methods:  Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against Trichomonas cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay.
Results: α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the Trichomonas cells and the lowest IC50 values were 22.9 µg/ml and 140 µg/ml at 48 hours’ incubation, respectively. The CC50 was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in Trichomonas cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml.
Conclusion: Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on Trichomonas cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.
Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Miltefo-sine on the Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain
Authors: Khademvatan Shahram , Yousefi Elham , Asadi Negar , Abasi Esmaeil
Published: March 2024

Background: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on Toxoplasma gondii RH strain by various techniques.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. Four groups of five BALB/c mice were selected. The cytotoxicity test was conducted by adding miltefosine to T. gondii tachyzoites; control tachyzoites received PBS and MTT assay was done on each suspension. For evaluating the Th1-type immune responses, the serum levels of IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed in mice after injecting tachyzoites and miltefosine, respectively. The flow cytometry technique was performed on T. gondii tachyzoites challenged with IC50 and IC90 doses of miltefosine and unchallenged cells. DNA fragments in T. gondii tachyzoites were detected by Terminal dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL) method.
Results: Overall, 256, 64, 32, and 16 µg concentrations of miltefosine, respectively could kill more than 50% of viable T. gondii tachyzoites. The infected mice group, treated with miltefosine, significantly produced more IFN-γ relative to other groups (P< 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was found in inducible NO synthase between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). The flow cytometry results demonstrated a concentration-dependent apoptosis rate in tachyzoites incubated with miltefosine, though the necrosis rate was non-significant. DNA fragmentation analysis indicated oligonucleotides (18-200 bp) in tachyzoites treated with 11µg of miltefosine for 24, 48 and 72 h. However, this pattern was not observed in untreated control microorganisms.
Conclusion: Miltefosine could be a favorable candidate for use as a new treatment for toxoplasmosis.
Biochemical Properties and Immunogenic Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Glutathione S-Transferase as a Vaccine Target: In-Silico Study
Authors: Khazaei Sasan , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Pirestani Majid , Ghafarifar Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

Background: The current in silico study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate.
Methods: Several web tools were employed to predict physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane domain, secondary and tertiary structure followed by refinement and validations. In addition, B-cell epitopes were predicted and were screened using various web servers, while MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetCTL servers, respectively.
Results: The protein had 219 residues with a molecular weight of 25.55 kDa and alkaline isoelectric pH (7.5). This protein was stable, thermotolerant (aliphatic index: 78.04) and hydrophilic (GRAVY: -0.440). The predicted antigenicity scores were low and the protein was non-allergenic in nature. There were no transmembrane domain and signal peptide in the sequence. Moreover, several B-cell, MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were found in the EgGST protein, which could be further used in multi-epitope vaccines.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the development of vaccines in vivo using EgGST alone or in combination with other antigens in the future.
A 4-Year-Old Child with a Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Işık Aylin Dizi , Sönmez Özcan , Erdemli Pınar Canizci , Kepenekli Eda , Ergenç Zeynep , Yılmaz Seyhan , Tuncay Sevgi Aslan , Parlak Burcu , Dağçınar Adnan
Published: March 2024

Echinococcosis is the most common cestode infection globally caused by the Echinococcus species. The most common organ involvement is the lungs and liver, but other organs can be rarely involved. Here, we present a case with a giant cerebral hydatid cyst. A 4-year-old boy presented with abnormal gait and walking at Marmara University School of Medicine Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye in September 2022. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cyst of 13 cm in diameter. The cyst was enucleated successfully with no rupture. Oral albendazole therapy was started. There was no eosinophilia, and the echinococcal indirect hemagglutination test was negative. Ultrasonography detected an anechoic cystic lesion in the liver. He was evaluated for deep-organ involvement; however, no cysts were detected in other organs. The histopathological examination was compatible with a hydatid cyst. Although intracranial hydatid disease in children is rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients with neurological symptoms, especially in endemic regions.
An Unusual Cause of Insidious Back and Shoulder Pain in a Man: A Case Report
Authors: Kaya Oğuz , Gönder Nevzat
Published: March 2024

Hydatid cyst is an infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which is endemic in most countries and most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Isolated muscle involvement is very rare and accounts for 3-5% of all cases. In April 2022, Health Sciences University Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City and Research Hospital in Turkey received a referral for a 37-year-old male patient from the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patient presented with complaints of chronic pain in his left shoulder and back, which worsened with movement. After the radiological and serological confirmation of diagnosis, the patient underwent wide surgical resection, adjuvant and neoadjuvant anthelmintic chemotherapy. Precise and complete removal of the cyst without infecting the surrounding tissues combined with anthelmintic chemotherapy will not only increase the success of the surgery but will also minimize the possibility of recurrence and distant organ spread. In this study, we aimed to raise awareness by presenting the first reported isolated hydatid cyst in the infraspinatus muscle case from our country, which is extremely rare.
Urinary Schistosomiasis in the Urban Community of Zinder (Niger): The Permanent Pond of In’birgui, an Epidemic Focus
Authors: Moustapha Lamine Mahaman , Doutchi Mahamadou , Moutari Issoufou Brah , Seyni Yansambou Mahamadou , Abdoulaye Kadidjatou Kassoum , Ibrahim Laminou Maman
Published: March 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.