bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collagen/Gelatin/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Composites Containing Microspheres Based on Collagen and Gelatin: Design and Evaluation
Authors: Kozlowska Justyna , Stachowiak Natalia , Sionkowska Alina
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to develop three-dimensional collagen/gelatin/hydroxyethyl cellulose composites in combination with gelatin or collagen-gelatin loaded microspheres. Microspheres were prepared by an emulsification/crosslinking method. A 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) mixture were used as a crosslinking agent for the obtained materials. The structure of the materials was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, a Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) flower extract release profile of the microsphere-loaded matrices was assessed in vitro. Additionally, porosity, density, stability, swelling and mechanical properties were tested. On the basis of SEM images, the microspheres exhibited a spherical shape and were irregularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. However, it was found that the addition of microparticles to obtained materials did not significantly change their microstructure. We observed a slight decrease in the swelling properties of matrices and an increase in values of Young’s modulus. Significantly, the addition of microspheres to the polymer matrices led to improved loading capacity of materials and release performance of Calendula officinalis flower extract. This makes the collagen/gelatin/hydroxyethyl cellulose composites containing microspheres a promising and suitable vehicle for biomedical, dermatological, or cosmetic applications.
A Method for Robust Estimation of Vegetation Seasonality from Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series Data
Authors: Jönsson Per , Cai Zhanzhang , Melaas Eli , Friedl Mark A. , Eklundh Lars
Published: April 2018

Time series from Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellites have great potential for modeling vegetation seasonality. However, irregular time sampling and frequent data loss due to clouds, snow, and short growing seasons, makes this modeling a challenge. We describe a new method for modeling seasonal vegetation index dynamics from satellite time series data. The method is based on box constrained separable least squares fits to logistic model functions combined with seasonal shape priors. To enable robust estimates, we extract a base level (i.e., the minimum dormant season value) from the frequency distribution of clear-sky vegetation index values. A seasonal shape prior is computed from several years of data, and in the final fits local parameters are box constrained. More specifically, if enough data values exist in a certain time period, the corresponding local parameters determining the shape of the model function over this period are relaxed and allowed to vary freely. If there are no observations in a period, the corresponding local parameters are locked to the parameters of the shape prior. The method is flexible enough to model interannual variations, yet robust enough when data are sparse. We test the method with Landsat, Sentinel-2, and MODIS data over a forested site in Sweden, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of the method for operational modeling of growing seasons.
Development of Noninvasive Classification Methods for Different Roasting Degrees of Coffee Beans Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Chu Bingquan , Yu Keqiang , Zhao Yanru , He Yong
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to develop an approach for quickly and noninvasively differentiating the roasting degrees of coffee beans using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The qualitative properties of seven roasting degrees of coffee beans (unroasted, light, moderately light, light medium, medium, moderately dark, and dark) were assayed, including moisture, crude fat, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine contents. These properties were influenced greatly by the respective roasting degree. Their hyperspectral images (874–1734 nm) were collected using a hyperspectral reflectance imaging system. The spectra of the regions of interest were manually extracted from the HSI images. Then, principal components analysis was employed to compress the spectral data and select the optimal wavelengths based on loading weight analysis. Meanwhile, the random frog (RF) methodology and the successive projections algorithm were also adopted to pick effective wavelengths from the spectral data. Finally, least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was utilized to establish discriminative models using spectral reflectance and corresponding labeled classes for each degree of roast sample. The results showed that the LS-SVM model, established by the RF selecting method, with eight wavelengths performed very well, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 90.30%. In conclusion, HSI was illustrated as a potential technique for noninvasively classifying the roasting degrees of coffee beans and might have an important application for the development of nondestructive, real-time, and portable sensors to monitor the roasting process of coffee beans.
From the Paper to the Tablet: On the Design of an AR-Based Tool for the Inspection of Pre-Fab Buildings. Preliminary Results of the SIRAE Project
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Casas Sergio , Gimeno Jesús , Fernández Marcos , Poza Montse
Published: April 2018

Energy-efficient Buildings (EeB) are demanded in today’s constructions, fulfilling the requirements for green cities. Pre-fab buildings, which are modularly fully-built in factories, are a good example of this. Although this kind of building is quite new, the in situ inspection is documented using traditional tools, mainly based on paper annotations. Thus, the inspection process is not taking advantage of new technologies. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of the SIRAE project that aims to provide an Augmented Reality (AR) tool that can seamlessly aid in the regular processes of pre-fab building inspections to detect and eliminate the possible existing quality and energy efficiency deviations. In this regards, we show a description of the current inspection process and how an interactive tool can be designed and adapted to it. Our first results show the design and implementation of our tool, which is highly interactive and involves AR visualizations and 3D data-gathering, allowing the inspectors to quickly manage it without altering the way the inspection process is done. First trials on a real environment show that the tool is promising for massive inspection processes.
Centennial Fertilization-Induced Soil Processes Control Trace Metal Dynamics. Lessons from a Long-Term Bare Fallow Experiment
Authors: Van Oort Folkert , Paradelo Remigio , Proix Nicolas , Delarue Ghislaine , Baize Denis , Monna Fabrice
Published: April 2018

Long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiments with historical sample archives offer unique opportunities to study long-term impacts of anthropogenic activities on mineral soil fractions. In natural agro- and ecosystems, such impacts are often masked by organic matter due to its buffering action and rapid turnover. The 42-plot LTBF trial of INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) started in Versailles (France) in 1928 to assess the impacts of prolonged application of fertilizers and amendments on the composition and properties of loamy soils. Here, we established geochemical budgets of major and trace elements on surface samples from 1929 and 2014 for four groups of treatments relevant for developed soil processes. We considered accompanying effects of soil compaction or decompaction due to changing physicochemical conditions over 85 years. Element losses from the surface horizon were quantified via fertilization-induced or -amplified soil processes: clay leaching favored by Na- or K-based fertilization, and lixiviation of major and trace elements in acidic or alkaline soil conditions. Enhanced mineral weathering was shown for acidified and nonamended plots. Conclusions on trace metal migration were confirmed by selected analyses on subsurface horizons. Additional information was provided on specific element inputs via fertilizers and/or diffuse inputs via atmospheric deposition.
Short and Long-Term Temporal Changes in Air Quality in a Seoul Urban Area: The Weekday/Sunday Effect
Authors: Szulejko Jan E. , Adelodun Adedeji A. , Kim Ki-Hyun , Seo J. W. , Vellingiri Kowsalya , Jeon Eui-Chan , Hong Jongki , Brown Richard J. C.
Published: April 2018

We present evidence on the short-term differences in airborne pollution levels in terms of weekday/weekend (WD/WN) and weekday/Sunday (WD/Sun) intervals. To this end, we analyzed the hourly data of important pollutants (nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO)) using the data acquired in the Yong-San district of Seoul, Korea from 2009 to 2013. For each week, the pollutant ratio (Rw) was estimated through either WD/WN or WD/Sun. Here, a week is defined as Sunday through Saturday, WD as Monday through Friday and WN as Sunday and Saturday. The WD/Sun Rw geometric means (and range) were 2.02 (0.27–15.5) for NO, 1.29 (0.49–5.7) for NO2 and 0.89 (0.17–7.2) for O3 while the fraction of Rw (WD/Sun) > 1 were 81, 71 and 38%, respectively. NO and CO levels were much higher in October through March (during Autumn and Winter) than April through September (during Spring and Summer), reflecting the potential effect of fuel consumption (e.g., in terms of use patterns of nationwide city natural gas). Thus, we provide a broader interpretation on the occurrence patterns of the major pollutants (e.g., NO, NO2, O3 and CO) in relation to temporal changes in man-made activities.
Social Considerations of Large River Sanctuaries: A Case Study from the Hilsa Shad Fishery in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mahmudul , Aktar Rumana , Nahiduzzaman Md. , Barman Benoy Kumar , Wahab Md. Abdul
Published: April 2018

The establishment of a sanctuary is often suggested as an effective strategy for ecological restoration, though social aspects of such attempts are often overlooked. This study analyzed the socioeconomic status of 248 fishing households who are dependent on hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) sanctuaries in southern Bangladesh. Also, the fishers’ perceptions were investigated to assess the status of ecological restoration, level of participation in the hilsa sanctuary management, their livelihoods constraints, and coping strategies during crises. Based on the fishers’ perceptions and fishery catch data of the government, it appears that the establishment of the hilsa sanctuary in the Bangladesh waters helped to restore the hilsa fishery and also enhanced the fishers’ income. However, a large section of hilsa fishers were found to be poor in terms of socioeconomic capital such as monthly income, housing conditions, and assets ownership. Particularly, these households suffer seasonal food insecurity during the banned period of fishing in the sanctuaries. The government’s compensation scheme is a good example of payment of ecosystem services in an open water fishery; however, this scheme does not include all the affected fishers. Food and income insecurity during ban period often force fishers to use illegal fishing as a livelihood strategy that undermines the success of sanctuaries as an ecological restoration strategy. The findings reflected that sanctuaries and other similar management strategies have social impacts on stakeholders and human societies, and these social impacts can have surprising feedbacks that influence management success. Thus, the success of ecological restoration relies on understanding the human dimensions of the system and that ecological and social restoration must go together. To address this goal, we call for developing fisheries policy that will facilitate engagement of resource users and other local stakeholders in sanctuary comanagement, which will ultimately strengthen fishers’ livelihoods and sustain the benefit from ecological restoration.
A hybrid Decision Support System for Generation of Holistic Renovation Scenarios—Cases of Energy Consumption, Investment Cost, and Thermal Indoor Comfort
Authors: Kamari Aliakbar , Jensen Stefan , Christensen Maria Leonhard , Petersen Steffen , Kirkegaard Poul Henning
Published: April 2018

Future building renovations must rely on a holistic perspective in relation to sustainability. This paper presents a Decision Support Systems (DSS) that can be used by architects and engineering consultants to generate and evaluate the sustainability of renovation scenarios in a holistic manner during the early design stage of renovation projects. Firstly, this paper discusses both the notion of a sustainable renovation, together with various renovation approaches, towards the appreciation of the developing DSS for the generation of holistic scenarios. Secondly, it provides details about the mechanism and types of Multiple Criteria Decision Making methods to be exploited in the main body of the DSS. As such, a hybrid approach including a search algorithm with the Genetic Algorithm is used to combine and develop countless optimal scenarios. The performance of the generated scenarios is simulated and evaluated in terms criteria for Energy Consumption, Investment Cost, and Thermal Indoor Comfort. The trade-off between the criteria is addressed using the Pareto-front approach, and subsequently, the optimal scenarios are determined and selected using MCDM-based rating methods. The outcome is verified discussing a case study about an actual [recently] renovated dwelling and the top ranked generated scenarios using the DSS in this paper.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and CagA-Positive Infections and Global Variations in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Park Jin Young , Forman David , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Yamaoka Yoshio , Crabtree Jean E.
Published: April 2018

Gastric cancer is a major health burden and is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Development of gastric cancer involves several aspects, including host genetics, environmental factors, and Helicobacter pylori infection. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies of the association of H. pylori infection and specific virulence factors with gastric cancer. Studies in animal models indicate H. pylori is a primary factor in the development of gastric cancer. One major virulence factor in H. pylori is the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), which encodes the CagA protein in the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI). Meta-analysis of studies investigating CagA seropositivity irrespective of H. pylori status identified that CagA seropositivity increases the risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.95–4.22) relative to the risk of H. pylori infection alone (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.58–3.39). Eradicating H. pylori is a strategy for reducing gastric cancer incidence. A meta-analysis of six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that searching for and eradicating H. pylori infection reduces the subsequent incidence of gastric cancer with a pooled relative risk of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46–0.95). The introduction in regions of high gastric cancer incidence of population-based H. pylori screening and treatment programmes, with a scientifically valid assessment of programme processes, feasibility, effectiveness and possible adverse consequences, would impact the incidence of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Given the recent molecular understanding of the oncogenic role of CagA, targeting H. pylori screening and treatment programmes in populations with a high prevalence of H. pylori CagA-positive strains, particularly the more oncogenic East Asian H. pylori CagA strains, may be worth further investigation to optimise the benefits of such strategies.
Lumbar Sympathetic Block with Botulinum Toxin Type A and Type B for the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Lee Yongki , Lee Chul Joong , Choi Eunjoo , Lee Pyung Bok , Lee Ho-Jin , Nahm Francis Sahngun
Published: April 2018

A lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSB) is a therapeutic method for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) affecting the lower limbs. Recently, LSB with botulinum toxin type A and B was introduced as a novel method to achieve longer duration of analgesia. In this study, we compared the botulinum toxin type A (BTA) with botulinum toxin type B (BTB) in performing LSB on patients with CRPS. LSB was performed with either BTA or BTB on patients with CRPS in their lower extremities. The length of time taken for patients to return to the pre-LSB pain score and the adverse effect of LSB with BTA/BTB were investigated. The median length of time taken for the patients to return to the pre-LSB pain score was 15 days for the BTA group and 69 days for the BTB group (P = 0.002). Scores on a visual analogue scale decreased in the patients of both groups, and no significant adverse effects were experienced. In conclusion, the administration of either BTA or BTB for LSB is a safe method to prolong the sympathetic blocking effect in patients with CRPS. BTB is more effective than BTA to prolong the sympathetic blocking effect in CRPS patients.
A Comparative Assessment of Epidemiologically Different Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Outbreaks in Madrid, Spain and Tolima, Colombia: An Estimation of the Reproduction Number via a Mathematical Model
Authors: Mubayi Anuj , Paredes Marlio , Ospina Juan
Published: April 2018

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Leishmania parasite and transmitted by the Phlebotominae subfamily of sandflies, which infects humans and other mammals. Clinical manifestations of the disease include cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with a majority (more than three-quarters) of worldwide cases being CL. There are a number of risk factors for CL, such as the presence of multiple reservoirs, the movement of individuals, inequality, and social determinants of health. However, studies related to the role of these factors in the dynamics of CL have been limited. In this work, we (i) develop and analyze a vector-borne epidemic model to study the dynamics of CL in two ecologically distinct CL-affected regions—Madrid, Spain and Tolima, Colombia; (ii) derived three different methods for the estimation of model parameters by reducing the dimension of the systems; (iii) estimated reproduction numbers for the 2010 outbreak in Madrid and the 2016 outbreak in Tolima; and (iv) compared the transmission potential of the two economically-different regions and provided different epidemiological metrics that can be derived (and used for evaluating an outbreak), once R0 is known and additional data are available. On average, Spain has reported only a few hundred CL cases annually, but in the course of the outbreak during 2009–2012, a much higher number of cases than expected were reported and that too in the single city of Madrid. Cases in humans were accompanied by sharp increase in infections among domestic dogs, the natural reservoir of CL. On the other hand, CL has reemerged in Colombia primarily during the last decade, because of the frequent movement of military personnel to domestic regions from forested areas, where they have increased exposure to vectors. In 2016, Tolima saw an unexpectedly high number of cases leading to two successive outbreaks. On comparing, we estimated reproduction number of the Madrid outbreak to be 3.1 (with range of 2.8–3.9), which was much higher than reproduction number estimates of the Tolima first outbreak 1.2 (with range of 1.1–1.3), and the estimate for the second outbreak in Tolima of 1.019 (with range of 1.018–1.021). This suggests that the epidemic outbreak in Madrid was much more severe than the Tolima outbreak, even though Madrid was economically better-off compared to Tolima. It indicates a potential relationship between urban development and increasing health disparities.
Bacteriophage Applications for Food Production and Processing
Authors: Moye Zachary D. , Woolston Joelle , Sulakvelidze Alexander
Published: April 2018

Foodborne illnesses remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide despite many advances in food sanitation techniques and pathogen surveillance. Traditional antimicrobial methods, such as pasteurization, high pressure processing, irradiation, and chemical disinfectants are capable of reducing microbial populations in foods to varying degrees, but they also have considerable drawbacks, such as a large initial investment, potential damage to processing equipment due to their corrosive nature, and a deleterious impact on organoleptic qualities (and possibly the nutritional value) of foods. Perhaps most importantly, these decontamination strategies kill indiscriminately, including many—often beneficial—bacteria that are naturally present in foods. One promising technique that addresses several of these shortcomings is bacteriophage biocontrol, a green and natural method that uses lytic bacteriophages isolated from the environment to specifically target pathogenic bacteria and eliminate them from (or significantly reduce their levels in) foods. Since the initial conception of using bacteriophages on foods, a substantial number of research reports have described the use of bacteriophage biocontrol to target a variety of bacterial pathogens in various foods, ranging from ready-to-eat deli meats to fresh fruits and vegetables, and the number of commercially available products containing bacteriophages approved for use in food safety applications has also been steadily increasing. Though some challenges remain, bacteriophage biocontrol is increasingly recognized as an attractive modality in our arsenal of tools for safely and naturally eliminating pathogenic bacteria from foods.
Water Pricing and Implementation Strategies for the Sustainability of an Irrigation System: A Case Study within the Command Area of the Rakh Branch Canal
Authors: Qamar Muhammad Uzair , Azmat Muhammad , Abbas Azhar , Usman Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Khan Zahid Mahmood
Published: April 2018

The command area of the Rakh branch canal grows wheat, sugarcane, and rice crops in abundance. The canal water, which is trivial for irrigating these crops, is conveyed to the farms through the network of canals and distributaries. For the maintenance of this vast infrastructure; the end users are charged on a seasonal basis. The present water charges are severely criticized for not being adequate to properly manage the entire infrastructure. We use the residual value to determine the value of the irrigation water and then based on the quantity of irrigation water supplied to farm land coupled with the infrastructure maintenance cost, full cost recovery figures are executed for the study area, and policy recommendations are made for the implementation of the full cost recovery system. The approach is unique in the sense that the pricings are based on the actual quantity of water conveyed to the field for irrigating crops. The results of our analysis showed that the canal water is severely under charged in the culturable command area of selected distributaries, thus negating the plan of having a self-sustainable irrigation system.
How Hotel Responses to Negative Online Reviews Affect Customers' Perception of Hotel Image and Behavioral Intent: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Meng Fang , Dipietro Robin B. , Gerdes John H. , Kline Sheryl , Avant Tiffany
Published: April 2018

Online guest reviews have become an important facet of consideration when customers decide on a hotel. However, limited research has been done to examine how hotel management's responses to comments posted to online review sites such as TripAdvisor influence customers' hotel perception
and choice. This pilot study uses a semiexperimental approach to investigate how customers' perceived hotel image, attitude, and hypothetical intent to stay are impacted by three different hotel responses to negative guest online feedback, respectively, including "no response," "negative response,"
and "service recovery response" scenarios. The results reveal that providing a service recovery response to negative online reviews enhanced hotel image, attitude, and hypothetical intent to stay at the hotel. Comparatively, respondents' hotel image and attitude toward the hotel were ranked
lowest under the "no response" strategy, which indicates that any hotel response, even negative, would be better than taking no action. This study provides valuable implications and strategies for academics and hotel management in terms of addressing negative online reviews.
TURBOVENTILIATORIAUS EFEKTYVUMO GERINIMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Sketerskis Martynas , Rimdžius Dovydas , Martinaitis Vytautas
Published: April 2018

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas vėjo energiją naudojančio turbininio ventiliatoriaus vėdinimo funkcionalumas dėl aplinkos faktorių bei struktūrinių elementų įtakos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus nustatytas faktinis tiriamojo turbininio ventiliatoriaus siurbiamo oro kiekis, apsisukimų skaičius bei pateikiami pasiūlymai šioms charakteristikoms gerinti. Tyrimų metu nagrinėjamas įrenginio veikimo principas ir ieškoma būdų kaip pagerinti jo funkcionalumą prailginus prietaiso veikimo trukmę. Funkcionalumo praplėtimui suprojektuotas elektros generavimo priedėlis, kuriame naudojama mechaninė įrenginio sukimosi energija. Suprojektuotam baziniam variantui parenkami du papildomi alternatyvūs variantai. Vienas iš jų naudoja saulės energiją, o kitas tik padidina bazinį ištraukiamo oro debitą. Remiantis eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatais pateikiamos skirtingų sprendimų techninės charakteristikos ir gamybos kainos palyginimas.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars of Varying Mass and Age: Inferences from the Composition of the Fallback Material
Authors: Gallegos-Garcia Monica , Law-Smith Jamie , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: April 2018

We use a simple framework to calculate the time evolution of the composition of the fallback material onto a supermassive black hole arising from the tidal disruption of main-sequence stars. We study stars with masses between 0.8 and 3.0 M
⊙, at evolutionary stages from zero-age main sequence to terminal-age main sequence, built using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code. We show that most stars develop enhancements in nitrogen (14N) and depletions in carbon (12C) and oxygen (16O) over their lifetimes, and that these features are more pronounced for higher mass stars. We find that, in an accretion-powered tidal disruption flare, these features become prominent only after the time of peak of the fallback rate and appear at earlier times for stars of increasing mass. We postulate that no severe compositional changes resulting from the fallback material should be expected near peak for a wide range of stellar masses and, as such, are unable to explain the extreme helium-to-hydrogen line ratios observed in some TDEs. On the other hand, the resulting compositional changes could help explain the presence of nitrogen-rich features, which are currently only detected after peak. When combined with the shape of the light curve, the time evolution of the composition of the fallback material provides a clear method to help constrain the nature of the disrupted star. This will enable a better characterization of the event by helping break the degeneracy between the mass of the star and the mass of the black hole when fitting tidal disruption light curves.
Applying the Weighted Horizontal Magnetic Gradient Method to a Simulated Flaring Active Region
Authors: Korsós M. B. , Chatterjee P. , Erdélyi R.
Published: April 2018

Here, we test the weighted horizontal magnetic gradient (WG
M
) as a flare precursor, introduced by Korsós et al., by applying it to a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of solar-like flares. The preflare evolution of the WG
M
and the behavior of the distance parameter between the area-weighted barycenters of opposite-polarity sunspots at various heights is investigated in the simulated δ-type sunspot. Four flares emanated from this sunspot. We found the optimum heights above the photosphere where the flare precursors of the WG
M
method are identifiable prior to each flare. These optimum heights agree reasonably well with the heights of the occurrence of flares identified from the analysis of their thermal and ohmic heating signatures in the simulation. We also estimated the expected time of the flare onsets from the duration of the approaching–receding motion of the barycenters of opposite polarities before each single flare. The estimated onset time and the actual time of occurrence of each flare are in good agreement at the corresponding optimum heights. This numerical experiment further supports the use of flare precursors based on the WG
M
method.
Models of Tidally Induced Gas Filaments in the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Pardy Stephen A. , D’Onghia Elena , Fox Andrew J.
Published: April 2018

The Magellanic Stream and Leading Arm of H i that stretches from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) and over 200° of the Southern sky is thought to be formed from multiple encounters between the LMC and SMC. In this scenario, most of the gas in the Stream and Leading Arm is stripped from the SMC, yet recent observations have shown a bifurcation of the Trailing Arm that reveals LMC origins for some of the gas. Absorption measurements in the Stream also reveal an order of magnitude more gas than in current tidal models. We present hydrodynamical simulations of the multiple encounters between the LMC and SMC at their first pass around the Milky Way, assuming that the Clouds were more extended and gas-rich in the past. Our models create filamentary structures of gas in the Trailing Stream from both the LMC and SMC. While the SMC trailing filament matches the observed Stream location, the LMC filament is offset. In addition, the total observed mass of the Stream in these models is underestimated by a factor of four when the ionized component is accounted for. Our results suggest that there should also be gas stripped from both the LMC and SMC in the Leading Arm, mirroring the bifurcation in the Trailing Stream. This prediction is consistent with recent measurements of spatial variation in chemical abundances in the Leading Arm, which show that gas from multiple sources is present, although its nature is still uncertain.
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core. III. Polarization–Extinction Relationship in FeSt 1-457
Authors: Kandori Ryo , Tamura Motohide , Nagata Tetsuya , Tomisaka Kohji , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Nakajima Yasushi , Kwon Jungmi , Nagayama Takahiro , Tatematsu Ken’ichi
Published: April 2018

The relationship between dust polarization and extinction was determined for the cold dense starless molecular cloud core FeSt 1-457 based on the background star polarimetry of dichroic extinction at near-infrared wavelengths. Owing to the known (three-dimensional) magnetic field structure, the observed polarizations from the core were corrected by considering (a) the subtraction of the ambient polarization component, (b) the depolarization effect of inclined distorted magnetic fields, and (c) the magnetic inclination angle of the core. After these corrections, a linear relationship between polarization and extinction was obtained for the core in the range up to A

V
 ≈ 20 mag. The initial polarization versus extinction diagram changed dramatically after the corrections of (a) to (c), with the correlation coefficient being refined from 0.71 to 0.79. These corrections should affect the theoretical interpretation of the observational data. The slope of the finally obtained polarization–extinction relationship is

, which is close to the statistically estimated upper limit of the interstellar polarization efficiency. This consistency suggests that the upper limit of interstellar polarization efficiency might be determined by the observational viewing angle toward polarized astronomical objects.
Une expérience de planification urbaine postcoloniale : le cas des villes nouvelles indiennes (1947-1991)
Authors: Dewaele Anna
Published: April 2018

Le présent article propose d’analyser le motif de la ville nouvelle pour questionner les inflexions de la planification urbaine publique dans le contexte indien. L’acte de fondation d’une ville nouvelle est emblématique de l’intervention de la puissance publique dans le domaine urbain. Parce qu’elle est présentée comme une table rase par les bâtisseurs, la ville nouvelle fonctionne par ailleurs comme un miroir grossissant des politiques de planification urbaine. L’Inde postcoloniale est un cadre privilégié de développement de villes nouvelles. L’analyse des cas d’étude de Chandigarh, Gurgaon, Navi Mumbai et Salt Lake City permet de mettre en lumière la transformation des programmes d’urbanisation, des échelles d’intervention ainsi que du niveau d’investissement des acteurs publics dans les décennies qui suivent l’Indépendance. L’essai critique de généalogie urbaine des villes nouvelles indiennes offre en définitive un éclairage nouveau sur les projets de fondation contemporains, notamment la Smart City Mission lancée en 2015.
Primeros registros para Portugal del inductor de agallas foliares Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) y algunas notas sobre su distribución en la Península Ibérica
Authors: López-Núñez Francisco A. , Marchante Hélia , Marchante Elizabete
Published: April 2018

Un problema habitual en los estudios de zoología y ecología es la evaluación parcial de la distribución espacial actual de muchas especies, pues subestima su distribución real al estar basada en los registros de naturalistas y de museos. Aunque esta limitación puede ser parcialmente resuelta por medio de diferentes herramientas (p.e. modelos de distribución de especies), el correcto funcionamiento de dichas herramientas está condicionado por el número de localizaciones disponibles, necesitando además de un número mínimo de ellas para que los modelos puedan ser validados. El género Cystiphora Kieffer, 1892 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), con tres especies en la Península Ibérica, está caracterizado principalmente por la formación de agallas en las especies de cerrajas (Sonchus spp.); sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de su distribución actual en Iberia. Además, como valor añadido, varias de las especies que pertenecen a este género son utilizadas como agentes de lucha de control biológico contra las cerrajas invasoras en las regiones del Neártico y de Australasia. Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) es una especie paleártica cuya presencia en la Península Ibérica estaba restringida hasta hoy a cuatro citas en el Este de la Península y en las Islas Baleares. Se encontraron tres nuevas poblaciones de esta especie en Coimbra (Portugal centro), añadiendo una nueva especie a la fauna portuguesa. Además, con el objetivo de completar lo máximo posible su distribución, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases de datos de biodiversidad. Con esos dos enfoques, se estableció un nuevo límite occidental del área de distribución de C. sonchi y se expandió su área de distribución actual en la Península Ibérica con cinco nuevos registros (tres para Portugal, uno para Galicia y uno para Andalucía).
Valorisation of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) with high quartz content as pozzolanic material in Portland cement mixtures
Authors: Pereira A. M. , Moraes J. C.B. , Moraes M. J.B. , Akasaki J. L. , Tashima M. M. , Soriano L. , Monzó J. , Payá J.
Published: April 2018

Portland cement (OPC) production is one of the most contaminating greenhouse gas producing activities. In order to reduce OPC consumption, several alternatives are being assessed, and the use of pozzolanic material is one of them. This paper presents study on the reactivity of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a residue from sugarcane industry, as a pozzolanic material. In order to evaluate SCBA reactivity, it was mixed in pastes with hydrated lime and OPC, which were microstructurally characterised. These studies showed that SCBA presents some pozzolanic characteristics. Studies on mortars in which OPC was replaced by SCBA in the range 10–30% were also carried out. Replacement in the range 15–20% yielded the best behaviour in terms of compressive strength. Finally, it can be concluded this ash could be valorised despite its relative low pozzolanic reactivity.
Adduction, évacuation et gestion de l’eau dans l’enclos du Temple de Paris : approches archéologiques et techniques
Authors: Gazagne Damien , Caillot Isabelle , L’Héritier Maxime , Büttner Stéphane
Published: April 2018

Les fouilles du « Carreau du Temple », réalisées en 2011, ont permis d’étudier un système hydraulique intégré comprenant des installations d’adduction, de gestion et d’évacuation de l’eau dans l’espace prieural. Mis en place vers la fin du xive siècle, il fonctionne dans la longue durée jusqu’à la fin du xviie siècle, au prix d’une importante réfection. Pour assurer la distribution de l’eau à l’intérieur du Prieuré, le système utilise la technique du siphon inversé qui fonctionne selon le principe des vases communicants. À ce titre, deux installations hydrauliques destinées au contrôle du flux – une tour de pression et un regard de vidange – ont pu faire l’objet d’une étude détaillée. L’adduction sous-pression utilise des matériaux de construction variés, comme le plomb, la pierre, la terre cuite et le mortier de tuileau, qui répondent parfaitement aux problèmes de résistance et d’étanchéité que soulève ce type d’installation. Parallèlement au système d’adduction, un réseau de drains et d’égouts a été construit pour évacuer les eaux pluviales et usées de l’espace prieural vers l’extérieur de l’enclos.
Les stèles mérovingiennes, premiers témoignages des communautés chrétiennes rurales d’Île-de-France
Authors: Ardouin Stéphane
Published: April 2018

De nombreuses stèles funéraires mérovingiennes ont été mises au jour en Île-de-France, principalement au nord-ouest de cette région, à la croisée des diocèses de Rouen, Paris, Évreux et Chartres. Bien qu’inscrites dans une tradition d’origine antique, elles s’en distinguent par leur nombre. Presque toutes anépigraphes, elles sont très fréquemment gravées de symboles qui varient d’une nécropole à l’autre. Les nombreuses gravures de croix, dans toute leur diversité, évoquent la représentation de symboles chrétiens, indiscutables dans certains cas, mais également des motifs plus géométriques qui rappellent les décors des sarcophages de plâtre, très fréquents en Île-de-France. Datées des vie et viie siècle, souvent découvertes en remplois, les stèles constituent, avec de très rares épitaphes et quelques vestiges d’édifices, les manifestations les plus anciennes attribuables aux premières communautés chrétiennes rurales de la région.
La pratique funéraire du dépôt de seaux en bois à la période mérovingienne : un état de la question en Gaule du Nord-Ouest
Authors: Vallée Amélie
Published: April 2018

La présence de seaux en bois à armature métallique dans certaines sépultures de la fin de l’Antiquité tardive et de la période mérovingienne en Gaule du Nord-Ouest intrigue les scientifiques depuis le xixe siècle. Cet article propose de dresser un état de la question basé sur plus de deux cents exemplaires recensés de l’embouchure du Rhin au nord de la Seine. Une typochronologie a d’abord été établie pour les récipients datés de la fin du ive siècle à la fin du viie siècle. L’examen du bois et des éléments métalliques en documente en outre la fabrication. La typologie et l’analyse de la répartition spatiale de ces seaux permettent d’aborder les thématiques de la production, de la diffusion et des échanges. Les caractéristiques morphologiques de quelques objets découverts au-delà des rivages de la Manche témoignent ainsi parfaitement des contacts établis entre les populations anglo-saxonne et mérovingienne. De l’examen des contextes funéraires ressort la richesse de certains assemblages mobiliers. La synthèse de tous ces éléments conduit finalement à s’interroger sur la fonction de ces récipients.
La porte Bannier, entrée principale de la ville d’Orléans aux xive-xve siècles
Authors: Alix Clément , Carron Diane , Roux-Capron Émilie , Josserand Laurent
Published: April 2018

La porte Bannier à Orléans est l’entrée principale de la ville du xive au xve siècle. Elle protège un bourg très dynamique occupé par des artisans, des commerçants et de riches bourgeois. Sa découverte date de 1986 à l’occasion d’une fouille de sauvetage en préalable à la construction d’un parking souterrain. Des recherches archéologiques préventives, en 2013, ont permis de reprendre les analyses sur la porte pour mieux en restituer l’évolution et le fonctionnement pendant deux siècles. Les analyses du bâti encore conservé aujourd’hui, ainsi que la riche documentation d’archives fournie par les comptes de forteresse, permettent de restituer l’apparence et l’histoire de cet ouvrage essentiel de la ville médiévale d’Orléans. Les recherches sur cette porte s’intègrent par ailleurs parfaitement dans la connaissance des mécanismes de défense liés à la guerre de Cent Ans, et plus généralement sur la fortification médiévale, avec notamment des données importantes sur la construction d’un boulevard en terre au début du xve siècle.
Villefort, 1640 : l’introduction de la poudre dans les mines languedociennes
Authors: Kammenthaler Éric , Minvielle Larousse Nicolas , Pierre Francis
Published: April 2018

Les environs de Villefort dans les Cévennes recèlent de nombreux gisements métallifères principalement exploités pour extraire l’argent. Une étude archéologique menée en 2011 avait révélé des indices qui semblaient correspondre aux premiers usages de la poudre noire dans les mines. Des investigations complémentaires alliant recherches historiques et archéologiques ont permis de caractériser ces indices et de démontrer la précocité de l’arrivée de la poudre à Villefort, dès 1640. Cette découverte marque un nouveau jalon dans l’histoire de la diffusion d’une technique qui révolutionna l’art des mines.
Sarcophages et coffrages en pierre des nécropoles de la Loire-Atlantique : une approche des stratégies d’approvisionnement en matériaux (ive-viiie siècle)
Authors: Polinski Alexandre
Published: April 2018

Une enquête sur les stratégies d’approvisionnement en pierre mises en œuvre dans les nécropoles de la Loire-Atlantique pendant l’Antiquité tardive et le haut Moyen Âge a permis d’apporter un certain nombre de précisions inédites sur la nature et la provenance des roches employées, ainsi que sur leurs modalités d’utilisation. Une importation de sarcophages en tuffeau jaune, probablement produits dans la basse vallée de la Vienne, a notamment été mise en évidence. Les nécropoles du département font plus ou moins appel aux mêmes sources d’approvisionnement que celles du Maine-et-Loire et la basse vallée de la Loire forme, de ce point de vue, un espace économique cohérent.
Le cimetière de la ferme de Pouy à Mortefontaine (Aisne) (viiie-xie siècle)
Authors: Galmiche Thierry , Buccio Vincent , Robin Nadège
Published: April 2018

Le cimetière de la ferme de Pouy à Mortefontaine, en usage entre la fin du VIIIe siècle et la première moitié du XIe siècle, a été fouillé partiellement en 2008 et 2012. Un habitat rural de la même époque est situé de part et d’autre de cet espace funéraire. Au nord et au sud, un fossé marque la partition entre ces deux secteurs. Un bâtiment qui pourrait correspondre à un lieu de culte a été découvert au cœur de la zone funéraire, remarquable par sa forte densité d’inhumations qui entraîne de nombreux recoupements, réductions et sépultures secondaires. Une organisation en rangées a néanmoins été décelée et de rares stèles ont aussi été retrouvées. Une grande diversité des pratiques funéraires a été constatée dans la morphologie de la fosse, l’aménagement de la tombe, le recours à un linceul, la présence de vêtements et la position du corps. La distinction, au sein de la population du cimetière, d’un groupe social plus élevé témoigne peut-être de l’encadrement d’un domaine appartenant à l’abbaye de Saint-Denis, bien établie sur ce plateau du Soissonnais.
Témoins anthropologiques de dissections anatomiques : le cas des ossements exhumés de l’ancienne église Saint-Jacques de Douai (Nord, xvie-xviiie siècle)
Authors: Devriendt William , Vatteoni Sophie , Bertrand Benoît , Venet Stéphane
Published: April 2018

Une fouille préventive menée sur la place Carnot de Douai (avril-décembre 2007) a permis de mettre au jour les vestiges de l’ancienne église Saint-Jacques (1225-1798) et son cimetière attenant. Parmi les 1857 sépultures exhumées, quelques restes de l’époque moderne, présentant des traces d’interventions anthropiques (sciage, découpe), ont retenu l’attention. L’étude des stigmates a permis de restituer les modes opératoires à l’origine de ces modifications osseuses. Les gestes techniques ont été comparés à ceux décrits dans la littérature médicale contemporaine. À l’issue de cette analyse, trois interprétations sont discutées : l’embaumement, l’autopsie et la dissection. Le contexte des dépôts et l’histoire de la ville plaident en faveur de dissections à vocation pédagogique.
Le monastère de ʾAṭō en Arabie
Authors: Sartre Maurice
Published: April 2018

Une inscription grecque inédite provenant de la région de Suweidāʾ permet de localiser avec précision le monastère de ʾAṭō, mentionné par la Lettre des archimandrites d’Arabie vers 570, sur les pentes du tell Jefneh. Ce monastère y apparaît non seulement sous son nom grec, Αταους (gén.), mais placé sous l’autorité du même archimandrite que nomme la Lettre, ce qui ne peut réellement surprendre puisque le texte est daté de la décennie 565-574.
Khirbet al-Batrawy: an Early Bronze Age city at the fringes of the desert
Authors: Nigro Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

Les découvertes récentes effectuées par la mission archéologique de l’Université de Rome « La Sapienza » sur le site de Khirbet al-Batrawi fournissent de nouvelles données pour l’interprétation historique de la culture de l’âge du Bronze ancien en Jordanie et au Levant Sud. Est-il possible de parler de « cité » et de phénomène « urbain » pour le Sud levantin à cette période ? L’étude de cas fournie par le site de Batrawi, intégrant un système de fortifications imposant, un temple monumental ainsi qu’un palais encore en cours d’étude, mais ayant déjà livré des objets précieux ou symboliques, permet d’alimenter les discussions sur ce débat complexe et éventuellement de nuancer ces notions conceptuelles à la lumière des nouvelles données disponibles.
Un nouveau regard sur les restes anthropologiques du site néolithique de Tell Ramad (Syrie)
Authors: Anfruns Josep , Oms Josep I.
Published: April 2018

Il s’agit d’une nouvelle étude des matériels anthropologiques de Tell Ramad, au cours de laquelle ont été réalisées des études dentaires, pathologiques et des comparaisons dentaires avec les matériels d’autres sites du PPNB moyen et récent. Par ailleurs, un nouveau regard sur les crânes surmodelés et/ou peints a mis en évidence que cette pratique funéraire a été habituelle à Tell Ramad à cette époque, étant donné que presque la moitié des individus exhumés présente ce type de manipulation.
Une huilerie des époques byzantine et omeyyade à Dharih (Jordanie) : fouilles de Dharih, V, 2
Authors: Durand Caroline , Piraud-Fournet Pauline
Published: April 2018

L’huilerie du temenos de Dharih, dont les vestiges et le fonctionnement sont décrits dans un précédent article (Syria 89, 2012), a fait l’objet d’une fouille archéologique en 1996. Le matériel récolté dans les différentes unités stratigraphiques permet de cerner l’époque de son occupation (byzantine et omeyyade, vie-viie s.) et celle de son abandon et de sa destruction, probablement à la toute fin de l’époque omeyyade ou au début de l’époque abbasside (viiie s.). Elle a été édifiée à l’intérieur de l’ancien sanctuaire et la céramique découverte dans les unités stratigraphiques antérieures à sa construction présente une grande quantité d’éléments d’époques nabatéenne et romaine.
Une archive comptable hellénistique de la Béqaʿ
Authors: Ghadban Chaker
Published: April 2018

Une tablette calcaire de Tell ʿAddous, près de Baalbek, porte un texte grec en onciale que l’on peut identifier comme un compte. Malgré l’état lacunaire et les difficultés de lecture de ce document palimpseste, suffisamment d’éléments apparaissent pour que l’on propose une datation vers la fin de l’époque hellénistique. On y voit la preuve que le Liban intérieur, en dépit du brigandage attesté par nos sources, continue d’être administré et exploité.