bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curso de la mortalidad durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en los primeros 120 días de acuerdo a indicadores relevantes de 72 países afectados
Authors: Cieza Zevallos Javier , Guzmán Dueñas Carolina del Rosario
Published: March 2022

Introducción: A fines de diciembre de 2019 China informó un grupo de casos de neumonía de causa desconocida identificada como del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). La Pandemia generada por el virus SARS 2 reconocida por la OMS como COVID-19, es un fenómeno sanitario relevante para toda la humanidad en los últimos siglos. El objetivo es analizar el curso de la mortalidad de la pandemia en función de las características más relevantes de los países con diversos grados de afectación a los 120 días de haber detectado su primer caso.

Metodología: Es un estudio longitudinal de series de casos. Los casos son países afectados en diferentes magnitudes y seguidos diariamente desde su primer caso declarado hasta el día que tuvieron 120 días de evolución considerando el día 1 de inicio de observación es el 22 de enero del 2020.

Resultados: Dentro de las variables que muestran mayor tamaño de efecto con la Mortalidad son: enfermedades transmisibles, Pobreza, Mortalidad por TBC y Mortalidad por enfermedades no transmisibles. Al día 120 las variables que mantienen asociación son el porcentaje de Población urbana de los países, la Proporción de hombres, Obesidad en adultos y porcentaje de Diabéticos adultos.

Conclusión: Esta pandemia invita a repensar sobre aspectos relacionados a la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, sobre todo las relativas al comportamiento de la estructura del hombre como una unidad; sino también a conceptos sobre la distribución de la riqueza, los enormes desequilibrios económicos.
KINERJA BIDANG BINA MARGA PADA DINAS PUPR-PKPP PROVINSI RIAU DALAM PERBAIKAN JALAN PROVINSI DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Zebua Lisna Triwanti , Rusli Zaili
Published: March 2022

The road maintenance division at the PUPR-PKPP Office of Riau Province is a government agency that is authorized and responsible for repairing provincial roads throughout Riau Province, one of which is Rokan Hulu Regency. Rokan Hulu Regency has 504 km of provincial roads with a total road damage of 117.99 km. Road damage in Rokan Hulu Regency has experienced many complaints from the public, so that the community considers the Bina Marga Division at the PUPR-PKPP Office of Riau Province to ignore road damage in Rokan Hulu Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance and obstacles of the Highways Sector in repairing provincial roads in Rokan Hulu Regency. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis. The data needed are primary and secondary data derived from observations, interviews, and documentation which are analyzed by researchers so as to obtain accurate and clear data. The results of this study indicate that the performance of the Bina Marga Sector in carrying out road repairs in Rokan Hulu Regency is good, but there are several obstacles in the implementation of the work, namely the lack of APBD funds to carry out repairs and natural factors that can hinder the implementation of the road repair program
Revisiting the possibility of economic reforms in the pre-perestroika USSR according to the assessments of foreign analysts
Authors: Nazarenko M. B.
Published: March 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to review and analyze the opinions of foreign Sovietologists on the possibility of economic reforms in the late socialist USSR.Tasks. The author examines the opinions of foreign analysts on the permissibility and expediency of reforming the Soviet economic system and their proposals on the possible modernization of the pre-perestroika USSR economy.Methods. The study is conducted as part of a thesis research. The object under study is the foreign historiography of the economic history of the pre-perestroika USSR. Sources of information include official statistics and works of foreign analysts. The author uses general scientific research methods and methods of historical and economic analysis.Results. Estimates and data contained in the analyzed foreign works indicate the need to reform the Soviet economy. However, some researchers admit the possibility of modernizing the economic mechanisms of the Soviet economy within the framework of the existing model.Conclusions. Foreign economists come to a consensus that by the mid-1980s the USSR economy needed to be modernized in order to overcome the decline in economic growth. At the same time, the possibility of reforming the Soviet system continued to be broadly discussed. Foreign analysts point out the need for transformations in the economic system of the Soviet Union. However, none of the researchers admit the possibility of radical reforms due to risks for the economic and political system of the USSR.
Pengaruh Return Policy Leniency dan Seller Reputation Terhadap Purchase Decision Dimediasi Consumer Trust
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta Barat, Nisa Puspita Chairun , Hutagalung Veni Helen Virgita ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta Barat
Published: March 2022

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of return policy leniency and seller reputation on purchase decisions mediated by consumer trust on C2C e-commerce platform users. Based on signaling theory, consumer trust built by return policy leniency and seller reputation will increase purchase decisions. Method: The population of this study is consumers who have shopped at non-official Shopee stores. The sampling method used was non-probability with the purposive sampling method. Data analysis method used is path analysis PLS-SEM. Result: The results showed that the return policy leniency affected customer trust and purchase decisions; Seller reputation affected customer trust and purchase decisions. Limitations: The limitation of this research is that the researcher only uses two variables that affect consumer confidence. In addition, researchers also have not focused on product categories purchased by e-commerce consumers. The number of respondents used was 170 respondents, not enough to represent all e-commerce consumers in Bekasi and Jakarta. Contribution: This research can be a suggestion and input for online vendors to seriously consider the potential of consumer trust in changing return policies into buying behavior by providing extra guarantees such as return policy leniency in order to gain consumer trust and increase sales.
Analisis Kualitatif Klorin (CL2) Pada Beras Putih Yang Beredar Di Pasar Tradisional Daya Kota Makassar
Authors: Asrina Rina , Anganria Jusnawati
Published: March 2022

Penambahan klorin sebagai pemutih beras sering dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas beras putih. Klorin dalam beras putih dapat membahayakan kesehatan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan klorin pada beras putih yang beredar di Pasar Tradisional Daya Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan analisis kualitatif untuk menganalisa kandungan klorin pada beras. Sampel beras yang diteliti yaitu mawar merah dan tiga mawar yang berasal dari Pasar Tradisonal Daya Kota Makassar. Dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang mengandung klorin yaitu Tiga Mawar.
Studi Pengetahuan Pasien Tentang Penggunaan Amlodipin Tablet Di Klinik Nur Ichsan Makassar
Authors: Zulfiah Zulfiah , Dayani Kurnia
Published: March 2022

Hipertensi merupakan gangguan kesehatan yang sering dijumpai dan termasuk kesehatan masyarakat yang perlu segera ditanggulangi. Tanpa penanggulangan yang baik, penyakit ini akan mengganggu kehidupan penderita sehari-hari dan cenderung dapat menimbulkan komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai studi untuk mengetahui pengetahuan pasien tentang penggunaan amlodipin tablet di Klinik Nur Ichsan Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan instrument kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 38 responden yang datang berobat di Klinik Nur Ichsan Makassar dan diberi amlodipin tablet sebagai antihipertensi yang telah diresepkan oleh dokter. Kategori pengetahuan tinggi jika skor jawaban 76% - 100% dan pengetahuan rendah jika skor jawaban 50% - 75%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan pasien tentang penggunaan amlodipin tablet sebesar 69,73% dimana jumlah persen menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang datang berobat memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah tentang penggunaan amlodipin tablet.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Esherichia coli
Authors: Edi Kamal Sainal , Tiara Desi Lara
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli yang ditunjukkan oleh pembentukkan zona hambatatau zona bening pada media pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Penelitian inidi laksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Akademi Farmasi Sandi Karsa Makassar pada bulan Maret 2019 dengan menggunakan metode maserasi, 3 replika dan 3 konsentrasi yaitu 5%, 10% dan 15%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum) pada konsentrasi 5% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,3 mm, 10% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,5 mm dan 15% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,7 mm dengan zona hambat optimum yaitu pada konsentrasi 15% dengan zona hambat 11,7 mm.
STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MASSAGE THERAPY AS A THERAPEUTIC ADJUVANT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE ULCER
Authors: Vasudevan T. K. , P Selvan. , R Sreejith
Published: March 2022

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in spine injuries. We now know that
pressure is the single most important etiological factor. The compression of soft tissues results in
ischemia and if not relieved, will progress to cause necrosis and ulceration; the basic cause is pressure followed by ischemia
and necrosis. PU can develop in Traumatic Brain injured, paraplegic and nonparaplegic patients. Patients with spinal cord
injury have reported prevalence of 25 – 40%. Management of pressure ulcer is multicentric. This study was conducted on
paraplegic patients admitted in the ward with PU to determine the effectiveness of massage therapy in the management of PU
as a therapeutic adjuvant to standard treatment protocol. 36 cases of paraplegic inpatients with stage II and III PU were
selected, properly randomized and divided into two groups, A & B. The dimensions of ulcer were recorded. Both groups received
standard conventional treatment. Group A received, in addition, massage therapy around the ulcer area using commercially
available vibrator for ve minutes continuously, two times daily. Group B patients served as controls. Ulcer diameter and area
were measured every week and documented. The group which received massage showed better ulcer heali RESULTS: ng.
CONCLUSION. Massage therapy is a cost effective method for management of pressure ulcer and can be easily delivered to
the patient by a reliable care giver once it is taught to them.
EVALUATION OF CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHIC PATTERN & DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE WITH REFRACTIVE ERROR IN PAEDIATRIC AMETROPIA.
Authors: Raghuwanshi Sapna , Yadav Nikhila , Singh Shivraj , Singh Monika
Published: March 2022

Aims- Evaluation of corneal topographic pattern & demographic prole with refractive error in paediatric
ametropia.
Material & Method- we conducted a prospective observational study in 644 eyes of 322 patients, who were presented with
refractive error in tertiary centre in central India from a period of January 2018 to June 2019. They were included after taking
consent from guardians. To rule out anterior segment pathology, slit lamp examination was carried out and best corrected
visual acuity is recorded. Auto-refractometry and retinoscopy was performed to know refractive status of eye. Corneal
topography was performed by CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHER Shin- Nippon's CT-1000 &fundus examination was rule out any
posterior segment pathology. All procedures and investigation were done by the same surgeon.
Result- Most common corneal topographic pattern with hypermetropia and myopia was symmetric and oval in majority of
patients, whereas the pattern observed with astigmatism was symmetric and ABS-IS.
Conclusion- Corneal topographic pattern might be related to the refractive status of the eye, it also helpful in observe early
change and management of corneal disease.
PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN PREGNANCY IN A PATIENT WHO HAD MILD INFECTION WITH COVID 19 VIRUS
Authors: Rauf M. A. , Nandyala Venkateswarlu , Reddy P Rakesh , Kailas Nikhita
Published: March 2022

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is rare in pregnancy . The most
common underlying causes are abdominal trauma, pancreatitis,
myeloproliferative disorders, and hereditary deciency of natural
2,3,4 anticoagulants (protein C, S and anti-thrombin III) . We report a
case of acute PVT in a pregnant woman with no history of
thrombosis or evidence of coagulation disorder or thrombophilia
who had infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19).
A STUDY ON OBSTRUCTED LABOUR-STILL A LIFE THREATENING CATASTROPHE IN MODERN OBSTETRICS
Authors: Afsha C. MD. Anjum , Madhavi K.
Published: March 2022

Background : Approximately 8% of all the maternal deaths in developing countries are due to obstructed
labour.Neglected Obstructed Labour is a major cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and
mortality . The incidence of Obstructed Labour is 4.6% of all live births globally.Obstructed Labour is common in developing
countries , it accounts for 11.4% of maternal deaths in the eastern part of India.
Methods: Two year retrospective study (October 2019- September 2021). All the mothers who were admitted in Labour room with
signs and symptoms of obstructed Labour were included in the study.
Results: Out of the 15064 deliveries ,38 cases of obstructed Labour studied, most common cause for obstructed labour was
Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion(65%).
Conclusion: Management of obstructed labour is mainly about its prevention in the antenatal and intrapartum period.A
balanced decision about best method of relieving obstruction with least hazard to the mother and fetus improves fetomaternal
outcome.
DEPRESSION AMONG MALE HIGH SCHOOLS STUDENTS IN BURAIDAH CITY AT ALQASSIM REGION.
Authors: Alahmad Rakan , Al Sawaf Nahel , Sekhar Kalevaru Chandra
Published: March 2022

Background: High school students age is very crucial age to balance the studies, physical and psychological development. During this period
student may experience some good and bad events. Sometimes this may land up in depression condition, which in turn causes them to bring back
poor academic performance in the studies. The main objective of the study to determine depression among high school students and factors
associated with depression. Methods:Across sectional study was conducted among 348 male students during the period in 2021 in Buraidah city.
Questionnaire was distributed through the google forms and personal e mails after obtaining the permission from Education Director of schools in
Buraidah. Data collected, transferred from excel to SPSS for the analysis. Necessary statistical tests were applied. Results: 29.6% were having
depression in the present study, of which severe depression was 1.4%. About 75.8% of students were showing good to excellent performance, even
in COVID period also. There was statistically signicant association was observed between those students with any family member of
psychological problem with depression (yes 43.1% versus 22.2%). Those students were showing poor academic performance signicantly
associated with depression (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the study results, depression status among the male high school students was
moderately high. Need to improve health promotional measures and to be maintained as a regular habit through parents as well as school
authorities.
MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Abiodun Adeyanju Michael
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is a public health issue especially in developing countries where morbidity and mortality are rising.as against developed countries, it
is an aggressive disease in developing countries. Breast cancer is not one disease but a heterogenous disease with different molecular subtypes,
each one exhibiting different clinical course and outcome. These different subtypes are identied by immunohistochemistry, each with its different
method of management. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of the different subtypes in our Breast cancer patients.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the molecular subtypes
2. To determine the frequency of each subtype.
METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with Breast Cancer were recruited in this prospective study. Specimens were taken through core
biopsy or Fine Needle Aspiration. Informed consent was taken. The vital data of each patient, including age, sex, height, weight, and examination
ndings, were entered into questionnaires. Specimens were xed in formalin. Using H & E staining, blocks were made and subjected to
immunohistochemistry evaluation.
RESULT We had 109 respondents, 1 male and 108 females. Age range was 23-80 (mean 50 ± 11.31). Of the 109 respondents, 49/109 (44.9%) had
Hormone (ER/PR) Receptor positive and Her-2 Negative cancers. Eight (7.3%) of respondents had Her-2 enriched type of Breast cancer. The most
common in this study is triple negative/Basal type which accounted for 52(47.7%).
The proportion of ER positive patients was 44(40.4%) while that of PR positive was 49(44.95%).
CONCLUSION A high proportion of our patients had triple negative subtype. This has a bad prognosis and patients will benet from
Chemotherapy
SKIN LESION – A WINDOW TO A SYSTEMIC DISEASE
Authors: M Nithila , S Adikrishnan , SS Murugan
Published: March 2022

Sarcoidosis is considered as one of the “great masqueraders” in the eld of dermatology. Polymorphic cutaneous lesions are seen in around 20- 35
% of patients with sarcoidosis. We report a 49 year old male who presented with cough and hypopigmented atrophic plaques over the back. Serum
ACE levels and CRP were elevated. HRCT chest revealed parenchymal and hilar, mediastinal lymph node involvement. Skin biopsy was done and
showed multiple naked non- caseating granulomas in upper dermis. Pulmonary function test was suggestive of peripheral obstructive airway
disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage identied CD4+ lymphocytosis. The patient was started on topical tacrolimus and topical corticosteroids with
which he showed improvement. The patient was referred to pulmonology for further management. The case is presented for its rarity, with skin
manifestations being one of the presenting signs of the disease.
ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL
Authors: Prakash Sandeep , Chandra Gulab , Verma Anita
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: India is a country where very rich culture, folk medicine and nature go hand in hand. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an Impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural resources. Tridax procumbens Linn. is a spreading herb found throughout India and has antiviral, antioxidant,antibiotics efcacies, wound healing activity, insecticidal and antiinammatory activity. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to evaluate analgesic activity of Tridax procumbens. METHODS: The alcoholic extract was prepared by using Soxlet apparatus. 3 groups of Rats were divided as Normal group, Control and Test group and various concentration of test drug was tested on hotplate & Tail immersion in hot water method. RESULTS: Tridax procumbens in Swiss albino mice. Tridax procumbens 's ethanolic leaf extract. At 200 and 400 mg/kg, it showed substantial analgesic efcacy. Hydrocodone, a common analgesic, has similar analgesic effects. The highest analgesic efcacy of 400 mg/kg at response time 120 minutes (7.2±0.44). Due to tail immersion in hot water, there had been a considerable decrease in pain complete sense. Tridax procumbens highest inhibitory action. At 120 minutes after the 400 mg/kg dose, there was a signicant difference (p <0.01). The plant extract's highest antinociceptive characteristics (7.5±0.39) were not as efcient as Hydrocodone, 3 mg/kg (9.7 ±00.06). CONCLUSION: Tridax procumbens showed analgesic activity in my study.
REVIEW OF MATERNAL MORTALITY AT A TERTIARY CENTRE
Authors: Shiva Shiva , Sinha Chitra
Published: March 2022

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) denes maternal mortality as “the death of women while being pregnant or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of duration and site of pregnancy, from any cause related or aggravated by the pregnancy but not from
accidental or incidental cause”. Reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) is
also one of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by United Nations. Hence, it is very important to study the factors affecting maternal
mortality in order to devise a comprehensive strategy for its reduction.
Aim:The study aims to analyze the cause and incidence of maternal mortality in Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna.
Type Of Study:Retrospective study
Study Period: 1 year (November 2020 to October 2021)
Materials And Methods: This study is conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna.
Demographic data and other data are collected from record section, admission registers and ICU Registers.
Result: Out of 6,658 admissions and 5,370 deliveries during the study period, there were 63 maternal deaths. 57 maternal deaths reviewed were due
to obstetric causes. Eclampsia was the leading direct cause of death (26.98%).
Conclusion: The study helps in identifying the preventable factors contributing to maternal mortality. The review exercise yielded useful
information on factors contributing to preventable causes of maternal mortality in Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna.
SESSILE SERRATED APPENDIX ADENOMA
Authors: Camargo Soares Sarah Pires De , Pereira Júlia Guimarães , Glozan Virgulino Stephannie , Boaventura Fernanda Moreira , Volpon Marques Matheus , Almeida Gentile Tcbcd João Kleber De
Published: March 2022

The sessile serrated adenoma is a recently described rare condition
characterized by a dysplastic sawtooth-like epithelium. Its location in
the appendix is rare and the degree of malignancy is still a matter of
debate. We describe a rare case of sessile serrated appendix adenoma
Tuberculoma meníngeo simulando un meningioma
Authors: Solares Paulina , Alarcón William , Medina Pebbles , Chang Mauricio
Published: March 2022

El pulmón es el órgano diana de la tuberculosis, aunque su presentación también puede darse de forma extrapulmonar, por diseminación hematógena o linfática.  Hasta el 1% ocurre a nivel del sistema nervioso central, en forma de tuberculoma. Presentamos el caso de un tuberculoma meníngeo simulando un meningioma, como única manifestación de tuberculosis, en una paciente de 22 años.
Osteoma de trompa de Eustaquio
Authors: Castro Erick , Figueroa Carlos
Published: March 2022

El osteoma aislado de la trompa de Eustaquio es extremadamente raro. A continuación presentamos el caso de una mujer de 35 anos de edad, con  osteoma en la trompa de Eustaquio.
Analgésicos orales después de la colecistectomía laparoscópica
Authors: Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Lugo-Zepeda Jesús Carlos , García-Ramírez Patricia Emiliana
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: identificar la eficacia del tratamiento analgésico en pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, analítico, longitudinal. Fue seleccionada una serie consecutiva de casos intervenidos de colecistectomía por laparoscopia, de agosto de 2019 a febrero del 2020. Se incluyeron variables como edad, sexo, tratamiento analgésico e intensidad del dolor a las 24h y 48h posteriores al alta hospitalaria con la escala visual análoga (EVA). Los pacientes fueron divididos en 4 grupos según los analgésicos recibidos. Se empleó estadística descriptiva con medidas de dispersión y de tendencia central, así como prueba exacta de Fisher para estadística inferencial en la comparación de los grupos terapéuticos y se consideró un valor de p≤0.05. Resultados: Del total de pacientes (n=54), 45 (83,3%)  fueron de sexo femenino. La edad media fue de 45 años. La prueba exacta de Fisher entre los grupos 1 (solamente paracetamol) y 3 (paracetamol+ AINE)
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield of maize in Makurdi-Nigeria
Authors: F Ibrahim , B.C Anjembe , M Usman , J.O Obam
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi in the 2021 rain-fed cropping season to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of maize in Makurdi, Benue State. A total of five treatments (0, 40, 80,120, 160 kg Nha-1) in the form of urea were used. These treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. In addition to the treatments, basal applications of Phosphorus and potassium in the form of SSP and MOP were applied at recommended rates. Maize seeds were planted and the crop grown to maturity with all cultural practices carried out as at when necessary. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters of maize and the data were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT 17th Edition, while significant differences in means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results
دراسة في أهمية أرض السواد الاقتصادية في حقبة صدر الإسلام
Authors: مجيد الرفاعيّ أ.م.د. عبد الباسط مصطفى
Published: March 2022

أرض السواد شكلت اهمية كبيرة ضمن مسيرة احداث تاريخ الدولة العربية الاسلامية، وهذه الارض كتب عنها المؤرخون والجغرافيون العرب المسلمون تاريخاً ووصفاً، فأرخ المؤرخون للأحداث التي وقعت فيها، واعتنى الجغرافيون بتحديد حدودها، وقياس مساحتها، فتراوحت تقديراتهم ما بين (200 / 43 كم2) و ( 000 / 48 كم2)، فكان من هذا الاهتمام والعناية أن حدد السواد من وسط العراق عند منطقة حربى أو العلث إلى اقصى جنوبه، وهذا السواد اخذ الاهتمام الاكبر لدى المؤرخين، قياساً بالسواد الموجود في بلاد الشام قرب البلقاء. فتح المسلمون ارض السواد (العراق) بعد أن كان لقرون متعددة تحت حكم الفرس الساسانيين والذين من قبلهم، وحين تم الفتح، واستقر الأمر للمسلمين، ابقوا على كثيرٍ من النظم المالية والادارية التي كان يعتمدها السكان المحليون في إدارة شؤون البلاد، كما أنَّ الخليفة عمر بن الخطاب (رضي الله عنه) قد رفض أن تقسم أرض السواد على المقاتلين؛ لكي تكون منافعها للأجيال القادمة، فأبقى الارض بيد ملاكها مقابل دفع الخراج عنها؛ لكي لا يتراخى المقاتلون المسلمون، وينكصوا عن أداء رسالتهم، وكذلك لكي يبقوا قوة محاربة.
دةقاويَزان لة دةقي ضيرؤكة شيعرى "ثيرةمةطرون سةر لة حوجرةكةي نالى دةدا" "دلَشاد مةريوانى"
Authors: امين محمد أ.م.د. عبدالقادر حمة
Published: March 2022

دةقي ليَكؤلَينةوةكة بةناوى (ثيرةمةطرون سةر لة حوجرةكةي نالى دةدا)ي (دلَشاد مةريوانى)ية، كة ضيرؤكة شيعرةو توخمي (طيَرِانةوة) و (وةسف)ي لةخؤطرتووة، ثةيوةنديء رايةلَةيةكي دةقاويَزانى هةية لةطةلأ دةقةكةي (نالى) بةناوى (قوربانى تؤزي ريَطةتم ئةى بادي خؤش مروور).

ليَكؤلَينةوةكة، سروشتى ضيرؤكئاميَزي هةيةو جياوازة لة دةقةكانى تر، هةولَمانداوة بةثيَي ميتؤدي دةقاويَزان بيخةينة بةر تيشكي ليَكؤلَينةوة، لةثيَناو دةرخستنى رايةلَةي دةقاويَزانء شيكردنةوةي برِطةو يةكةكانى ضيرؤكة شيعريةكة لة ريَطاى توخمةكانى (طيَرِانةوة) و (وةسف)ةوة روونكردؤتةوة.

ليَكؤلَينةوةكة لة ثيَشةكيء دووبةش ثيَكهاتووة، كة بةشي يةكةميان، بةناوى "دةقء دةقاويَزان" لةم بةشةدا ئاماذة بة سروشتى دةقء ضةمكء زاراوةي دةقاويَزانء شيعريةتى ناونيشانء خودي دةق دراوة، بةشي دووةم: بةناوى "دةقاويَزانء شيَوةكانى" كة بريتية لة دةقاويَزانى هةلَمذينء ئاماذةو كةسايةتى، دواتريش ئةنجامء سةرضاوةكان دةخاتة رِوو.
التطورات السياسية في إيران قبيل الثورة الإسلامية عام 1979
Authors: عبدالرضا م.د. عصام كاظم , جوامير م. د. سلام خسرو
Published: March 2022

يرمي هذا البحث  دراسة وتحليل التطورات السياسية التي شهدتها إيران قبيل الثورة الإسلامية عام 1979، وكان لها الدور الأساس لسقوط العاهل البهلوي الثاني بعد ان فقد هذا النظام مبررات بقاءه واستمراره في السلطة، ولم يعد قادراً على مواجهة انتفاضة الإيرانيين الذين قدموا تضحيات كبيرة من أجل إقامة نظام جديد على انقاضه .
اسهامات الطلبة العراقيين في وثبة عام 1948
Authors: الشمريّ م.د. مازن مهدي عبد الرحمن
Published: March 2022

كان لظهور النشاط الطلابي بعد تأسيس الدولة العراقية، لاسيما بعد انتهاء الحرب العالمية الثانية عام1945، ومطالبة الشعب العراقي  بالحرية والاستقلال، وتعديل المعاهدة الجائرة لعام1930 بين العراق وبريطانيا بعد تشكيل وزارة جبر عام1947 التي تبنت المفاوضات بين الدولتين، والتي نتج عنها توقيع معاهدة بورتسموف وسميت بمعاهدة حبر- بيفن، الأمر الذي أثار حفيظة الشعب العراقي ومنهم الطلبة لاسيما طلبة كلية الحقوق وكلية التجارة والمعاهد العالية الذين قدموا الشهداء الواحد تلو الآخر، واعتمد البحث على العديد من المصادر الأجنبية وبعض الصحف العراقية.وتناول البحث إسهامات الطلبة العراقيين في وثبة عام1948، وتم اختيار عنوان البحث لأهميتهُ التاريخية في توثيق إسهامات الطلبة العراقيين في الأحداث التي مرت في العراق إبان تلك المرحلة.
دراسة الخصائص النوعیة للمياه الجوفية في محافظة كركوك وسبل استثمارها
Authors: كاظم م. د.وسن محمد علي , منصور م.م. نغم
Published: March 2022

اعتمدت الدراسة على نتائج تحليل الخصائص النوعیة لنماذج (57) بئراً(*1) محفورة في منطقة الدراسة، لبيان مقدار تراكيز تلك الخصائص وتوزيعها الجغرافي في محافظة كركوك, وإمكانية استثمارها في المجالات المتعددة, والتي تبين من خلالها أن اغلب نسب التراكيز العالية تقع في قضاء (الحويجة, وداقوق, والمركز). بحيث أن أغلبية المياه الجوفية لآبار تلك الاقضية تتجاوز تراكيز خصائصها النوعیة الحدود المسموح بها لأغلب المجالات المختلفة على العكس من ذلك نجد أن أغلبية الآبار الصالحة للاستعمالات المختلفة تقع في قضائي (دبس, وليلان), بسبب خصائصها النوعیة التي تقع ضمن الحدود المسموح بها لتلك الاستعمالات. وهذا يعود إلى التكوينات الجيولوجية لتلك المناطق الحاوية على المواد (الجيرية والكلسية), مثل الحجر (الجيري, والدولومايت, والجبس). كما لعبت الخصائص الجيولوجية دوراً هاماً في تحديد كمية المياه الجوفية، حيث تغطي منطقة الدراسة التكوينات الجيولوجية المتكونة من الصخور الرسوبية التي تتألف غالبيتها من الحصى, والرمال والتي تتصف بمساميتها ونفاذية صخورها ما يسمح للمياه من النفاذ خلالها, وتكوين خزانات مياه بداخل تلك الصخور.
حليل المحادثة في قصص الاطفال القصيرة
Authors: Ali Hassan Nagham
Published: March 2022

Conversation analysis has long been the concern of many linguists who work in the field of discourse analysis. In spite of the fact that there are many researches have been done in the field of short stories but up to the researcher knowledge the investigation of the selected short stories has not been studied yet. Hence, this paper aims at answering the following questions: what are the features of children’s short stories language and the differences between short stories of four years old and those of six years old.  Hence, the devices used by the story tellers in reciting the short stories should be observed. Thus, the researcher has consulted the models presented by Johnson and Fillmore (2010) to show tenses and sentence structure, and Smith (2008) for conversation analysis.
أثر أسلوب العلاج بالواقع في تعديل القابلية للاستهواء لدى طالبات معهد الفنون الجميلة
Authors: مزهر حميد م.د. أميرة
Published: March 2022

يرمي البحث الحالي معرفة أثر أسلوب العلاج بالواقع في تعديل القابلية للاستهواء لدى طالبات معهد الفنون الجميلة من خلال التحقق من الفرضية الصفرية التي تشير الى عدم ملاحظة فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات المجموعة التجريبية قبل البرنامج ،وبعده وبين رتب درجات المجموعة الضابطة والتجريبية في الاختبار البعدي ،وتم الاعتماد على المنهج التجريبي للتحقق من الفرضيات الصفرية ،اذ تكونت عيتة البحث من 20 طالبة من طالبات الصف الثاني التي تم اختيارهم في ضوء حصولهم على اعلى الدرجات على مقياس القابلية للاستهواء وتم توزيعهم عشوائيا على مجموعة ضابطة واخرى تجريبية ،وقد تبنت الباحثة مقياس الخزرجي للقابلية للاستهواء الذي اعد عام 2014، وقد تم عرض المقياس والبرنامج على السادة ذوي الاختصاص للتحقق من صلاحية المقياس  والبرنامج للتطبيق، وقد اكدوا على صلاحية المقياس والبرنامج للتطبيق واسفرت نتائج البحث عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين الاختبار القبلي والبعدي ولصالح الاختبار البعديّ للمجموعة التجريبية وبين الاختبار البعديّ للمجموعة التجريبية والضابطة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية
Osteoporosis Prevalence In Stable Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Handoko Dwi , Yunus Faisal , Antariksa Budhi , Rochsismandoko Rochsismandoko
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Comorbid diseases in COPD contributing to low health status, affecting the duration of treatment and even death. Osteoporosis is a quite often comorbid that found in COPD. In Indonesia, there are no data of prevalence on osteoporosis in patient with stable COPD. The aim this research to get the data of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD at Persahabatan Hospital.

Method: The studie’s design was cross-sectional. Patients with stable COPD who came to the Asthma/COPD policlinic at Persahabatan Hospital who meet the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Subjects had an examined of bone mineral density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and had an examined of vitamin D blood level. At the time of visit, conducted anamnesis of symptoms, exacerbations, history of smoking, used of corticosteroid (oral or inhaled), comorbid, assessment of nutritional status.

Results: Subjects were dominated with male (90.6%) in the age group 65-75 years old (53.1%), and smoking history (84.4%). The most degree of COPD were GOLD II (46.9%) and group B (50%) that using corticosteroid (65.7%). Prevalence of osteoporosis was 37.5%. There were no statistically significant between COPD group, the degree of COPD, sex, smoking history, history of corticosteroid, age, levels of 25-OHD, pulmonary function with the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD. There were a statistically significant on low BMI as a risk factor for osteoporosis in stable COPD.

Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD in the Persahabatan Hospital is 37.5%. There are a statistically significant relationship between BMI with osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD.
Chest Wall Syndrome
Authors: Soetartio Isti Mardiana , Susanto Agus Dwi , Soehardiman Dicky , Antariksa Budhi
Published: March 2022

Chest wall syndrome is the most frequent cause of chest pain complained by patients admitted to the physician’s office, in outward as well as in emergency department. It may affect all ages with sex ratio of 1:1 between man and woman. History of illness and sensibility to palpation or tenderness were the keys to the diagnostic approach. Pain was generally moderate, well localized, continuous or intermittent over a number of hours to days or weeks and was amplified by position or movement that was commonly located on the left side of the chest. Chest wall syndrome is usually a common and benign condition, but it leads to anxiety and frequent recurrence. Definitive treatment is not yet confirmed and treatment for the different condition causing isolated musculoskeletal chest pain is poor. Therefore, some options to avoid aggravating physical activities, stretching, and simple analgesics as needed are the best choices of current management.
Neutrophyl – Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in Stable and Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Sari Astari Pranindya , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Aniwidyaningsih Wahju , Andarini Sita Laksmi , Yunus Faisal
Published: March 2022

Background: Although COPD has been believed to be characterized by respiratory disease, there are currently limited study conducted to evaluate inflammation markers and exacerbation rate in COPD by noninvasive methods. We did a prospective cohort study to observe the alteration of Neutrophyl-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in COPD patients to find any possible correlation with COPD exacerbation status.
Method: From July to December 2018, a prospective cohort study was performed with blood and spirometry test on 31 COPD patients during exacerbation (AE-COPD) and stable. The mean of NLR and CRP were compared and analyzed.
Results: Both NLR and CRP decreased during stable condition (from 7.95±6.8 to 4.6±5.5 and 43.4±71 to 12.2±18.5) with P<0.01 respectively. We also found a significant inverse correlation between NLR and FEV1/FVC in AE-COPD and CRP showed an inverse correlation only with FEV1 in AE-COPD. Another interesting finding was a subject with very high CRP whose value remained above the nomal limit during stable, and died within 2 months after exacerbation.
Conclusion: NLR and CRP levels in COPD patients increased during exacerbation, which may reflect lung function and exacerbation status.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERKAIT TAWARAN KREDIT TANPA AGUNAN (KTA) MELALUI SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS)
Authors: Sundari Sundari , Fitriah Fitriah
Published: March 2022

Related to Short Message Service (SMS) received from banks actually the government has provided protection for consumers of telecommunication service users, among others through the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Informatics No. 5 of 2021 on the Implementation of Telecommunications (Permenkominfo 5/2021) which stipulates that telecommunication service providers must store telecommunication service customer data as long as telecommunication service customers actively subscribe to telecommunication services. This research aims to see what steps can be legally taken if you feel disturbed by the credit without collateral (KTA) offer given through short messages such as SMS. The research method used in this study is a normative method of law. First, telecommunication service providers are also required to keep the data and /or identity of customers secret unless otherwise specified under the law. Second, violations of these provisions by telecommunication service providers will be subject to administrative sanctions that can be in the form of written reprimands, the imposition of administrative fines, temporary suspension of attempted activities, termination of access, police force, revocation of services; and/or, revocation of the permit attempts.
FREIES ERMESSEN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA
Authors: Purnamawati Evi , Hijawati Hijawati
Published: March 2022

Freies Ermessen is a freedom given to state administration in the context of administering government. So that Freies Ermessen is the freedom to act on its own initiative and policy from the state administration. In line with the increasing demands for public services that must be provided by State administration for the increasingly complex socio-economic life of citizens, however, the use of Freies Ermessen must not conflict with applicable law, both written law and unwritten law.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ISTRI SEBAGAI KORBAN ATAS TINDAKAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Merita Eni , Afriani Kinaria
Published: March 2022

Incidents of domestic violence often occur, but not many people seem to talk about it. The house that should be a place of refuge, often becomes a dangerous place for wives and children. There are various factors behind it, among others, because our society still does not consider the issue of domestic violence as a social problem, but rather an individual issue, which should not be intervened by outside parties. that according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence, Article 16 paragraph (1) states that within twenty four hours from the time of knowing or receiving a report of domestic violence, the police must immediately provide temporary protection to the victim, while Article 16 paragraph (2) states that the temporary protection as referred to in paragraph (1) is given no later than seven days after the victim is received or handled.paling lama tujuh hari sejak korban doterima atau ditangani.
IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCING RESULTS ON MUDHARABAH FINANCING VOLUME IN BANK MANDIRI SYARI’AH
Authors: Lusiani Ani , Sumarni Sumarni
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the decrease of mudharabah financing volume from 2013-2015, while the share of financing increased except in 2014 at Bank Syariah Mandiri. From the observation while the researchers there is a negative relationship, whereas some previous research mentions that there is a positive relationship between the volume of financing mudharabah with profit sharing. It is very interesting writer to know more in relation volume of financing mudharabah with profit sharing at Bank Syariah Mandiri year 2012-2015. The method used is correlational descriptive method. The data used are monthly financial report of mudharabah financing and profit sharing of Bank Syari'ah Mandiri in 2012-2015. Data collection techniques used are document studies with data collection instruments browsing. Data analysis used descriptive statistic with Spearman Rank correlation technique, because the data of distributed research is not normal. The descriptive statistics of mudharabah financing volume data and the share of financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri from January 2012 to December 2015 have increased and decreased. Spearman Rank correlation calculation results for the relationship of mudharabah financing volume with the financing sharing at Bank Syariah Mandiri in 2012-2015 is equal to -0.259 with a significance level of 0.046 at the level of 5% confidence. The conclusion is the volume of mudharabah financing with profit sharing in Bank Syariah Mandiri in 2012-2015 has a weak correlation with a negative direction of -0.259 or -25.9%.
IMPROVEMENT OF CUSTOMERS INCOME THROUGH MURABAHAH PRODUCT IN LKS AL-USWAH DISTRICT CIAMIS
Authors: Sumadi Sumadi , Nurhasan Frisky Rais
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted to find out the effect of murabahah financing on increasing customer’s income. The study was conducted in one of the fastest-growing syariah financial institutions in LKS Al-Uswah Branch Ciamis. Murabahah financing is one of the productive financing developed at LKS Al-Uswah Branch of Ciamis. The descriptive verivikatif method is used with the correlational research approach (correlational research). This study’s data collection techniques are by questionnaire—the number of samples taken with incidental sampling technique of 30 customers. The data of this research are financial data analyzed with a coefficient of determination and simple linear regression. The paired t-test sample was used to analyze customers’ income before and after financing. The magnitude of murabahah financing effect to increase customer income in this research is 17,3%. In comparison, the rest that is 82,7%, is another factor that can influence the growth of customers’ income besides murabahah financing. Correlation coefficient value included in the category of moderate level of relations that is equal to 0.416, the value of correlation is marked positive (+), meaning the relationship of financing with income increase is unidirectional. So it can be concluded that murabahah financing significantly affects the increase in customer’s income.
THE EFFECT OF THE BI RATE STANDARD ON THE BRI SHARIA MARGIN POLICY 2015-2019
Authors: Aristantia Isti Tresna , Sulastri Suci
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the absence of provisions governing the determination of financing margins, making Islamic banks in Indonesia, namely Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, still use the BI Rate as one of the references in determining margins in financing. The decline in financial conditions can be seen from the net income margin in 2014, which only reached 6.04%. The method used is a descriptive correlational method. The data used is the average BI Rate per year and the 2015-2019 BRI Syariah Annual Report. Data collection techniques used document studies and literature studies with browsing data collection instruments. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, regression, correlation, partial test, and determination. The results of the research data description of the BI Rate and the financing margin income of Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah in 2015-2019 experienced an increase and decrease. The results of the analysis of the influence of the BI Rate on financing margin income at Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah in 2015-2019 obtained the regression equation: Financing Margin Income = 10.45376 + (-0.568777 x BI Rate) + e. The correlation coefficient value is -0.79 or 79%. The accepted hypothesis is Ho, which means that there is no significant positive effect between the BI Rate on financing margin income at Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah 2015-2019. The conclusion is that the BI Rate does not significantly affect financing margin income at Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah 2015-2019.
THE ROLE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) IN ABSORBING MANPOWER IN CIAMIS DISTRICT
Authors: Aminullah Rifqi Arief , Sariyanti Sariyanti , Qadar Husna Lailatul
Published: March 2022

Since the economic crisis that occurred in Indonesia in 1997, many large-scale businesses have stagnated and even stopped their activities. The soaring population growth accompanied by an increase in the labor force creates a very complex problem, namely the increasing number of unemployed. This is due to the uneven distribution of development in all fields so that the availability of employment opportunities is not balanced. However, the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector was able to face the crisis. The research method used is descriptive-analytical by conducting research in the industri tahu bulat by CV. Macakal Pangan Sejahtera in Cipaku District, Ciamis Regency. The results showed (1) the absorption of labor by the industri tahu bulat CV. Macakal Pangan Sejahteral in Cipaku District, Ciamis Regency from 2019 reached 250 people, while in 2020 it was 136 people. There was a decrease in the number of employees between 2019 and 2020; and (2) the role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the tofu industry CV. Macakal Pangan Sejahtera in the economy in Cipaku District can be seen from its position as a major player in economic activity, a large provider of employment, an important player in the development of local economic activities and community empowerment, the creation of new markets, and a source of innovation.
INTERNALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS VALUES IN EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Rahmatika Diyah Wikan , Hadiyatullah Muhammad Yusuf , Yulia Dedeh
Published: March 2022

The Muslims have such a strong and fundamental work ethic because it boils down to faith, deals directly with God's power, and is a matter of life and death. A Muslim in every work must be earnest and energetic. In other words, it must be with a high work ethic so that the resulting performance would be more leverage because a Muslim is a more worker (smart-worker). This also applies in an organization or company such as Rabbani which is a company with an activity program that applies Islamic values. This research uses correlational research method, using quantitative approach. Data collection in this study used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, assumption test using normality test, and hypothesis test by using simple linear regression analysis, and t test. Based on the results of this study can be seen that: 1) Islamic work ethic in Rabbani Group Tasikmalaya said good. This is evidenced by the average value of Islamic ethos work variables of 47.77; 2) employee performance in Rabbani Group Tasikmalaya is enough. This is evidenced by the average value of employee performance variables of 30.10; 3) the influence between variables based on the correlation coefficient of 0.373 means that the value belongs to the low level of relationship, that the work ethic of Islami and employee performance have correlation with the low level of relationship. While to see whether or not the influence of this research is done with t test, which shows that t arithmetic of 2.127 with a significance value of 0.042 so that the significance value of 0.042 <0.05 means there is a significant influence between Islamic work ethic variables on employee performance on Rabbani Group Tasikmalaya. Influence is obtained by 13.9% which means employee performance variables influenced by Islamic work ethic variables, while 86.1% influenced by other variables.