bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The public library and students' information needs
Authors: Ole Pors Niels
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The paper analyses students' use of public libraries for study purposes and discusses the public library as a substitute or a complement for educational or academic libraries. The paper also investigates which segments of students rely heavily on public libraries as services for study purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on a comprehensive survey of Danish students from both universities and other higher institutions of education. The data collection was carried out by an online survey and the sample consists of students from all over the country covering a multitude of different institutions and subject areas.

Findings

It is evident from the research that students do not bypass the physical library and it is also evident that the use of physical libraries and digital resources complement each other. The place of Google in the students' information behaviour is prominent and positively correlated to use of traditional library resources. Nearly 60 per cent of all students use the local public library for study purposes. A small group consisting of 7 per cent of the students uses the public library as their only library for study purposes. One of the more striking findings is that the service level of public libraries in relation to study topics appears to be very uneven, which means that different groups of students have very varied probabilities of success using the public library. The data also indicates that students tend to look at libraries as a whole and do not make clear distinctions between different types of libraries, expecting the whole system to be seamless. The paper also relates the findings to the general body of literature on students' information seeking behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

The research raises questions concerning the detailed behaviour of students' information behaviour, for example, how they combine formalised resources with more general resources. The paper also indicates that it is probably counter‐productive to evaluate students as one group. Different segments of students have very different and varied information behaviour patterns depending on study topic, study year, psychological dispositions and other demographic factors.

Practical implications

The paper raises important managerial questions and concerns in relation to both the mission of public libraries and the service level given to different segments of students.

Originality/value

The research supports existing international research on students' information behaviour. The research is based on a comprehensive and nation‐wide sample and it emphasises students' information behaviour in relation to several important demographic factors, and it also asserts that it is important to investigate further the differing modes of behaviour. The paper points to the interplay between formalised information resources and search engines.
A study of the information infrastructure of a Transylvanian village
Authors: Littrell Mary Ann , Nyce James M. , Straub Jeanie , Whipple Mindy
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To report on the findings obtained through a field study in information infrastructure of rural areas of Romania.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers interviewed Romanian villagers using the same interpreter regarding a village's information needs and requirements. The village's information infrastructure was also surveyed. Because the literature on information infrastructures has focused primarily on macro issues (those national and international in scale), this project centered on micro (local) issues. A history of Romania's information infrastructure is presented and relevant literature reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of research methods used, and then the findings are presented and analyzed.

Findings

The research determined that global information infrastructure (GII) and national information infrastructure (NII) literature is incomplete and needs to give more attention to local and rural (micro level) issues. The findings also raise the question of whether the term equity is “misused” in today's discussions of national and international information infrastructures.

Research limitations/implications

This was not an exhaustive study. Further studies in the information infrastructure and information requirements of those who live in rural communities are needed in order to fully understand them.

Practical implications

Further research will help to identify ways to help improve rural information infrastructures in less developed nation/states.

Originality/value

Little attention in GII/NII literature has been given to the information infrastructure of rural or local areas (micro‐level issues). Focusing research on this subject will help those who live in areas like these.
The perfect partnership of service and entrepreneurship in San Miguel de Allende
Authors: Long Sarah Ann
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Examines the unique funding and service model of a successful community‐centered library.

Design/methodology/approach

Introduces the history and demographics of San Miguel de Allende, a city in Mexico with a large English speaking population, and outlines how the library maintains its role as community centre.

Findings

The San Miguel de Allende library thrives through careful attention to the demographics of the community, an innovative and aggressive approach to funding issues, and an awareness of the need for change. The library collection is the largest bilingual privately funded, publicly accessible library in Mexico. This, along with an extensive scholarship and outreach program to students in both rural and urban areas, is funded by a diverse array of revenue generating efforts including a weekly newspaper, weekly sale of books and household items, a café and gift shop.

Originality/value

The San Miguel de Allende Library models how creativity, strong community responsive and lack of fear of change can build and sustain libraries.
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – the social dimension
Authors: Carby‐Hall J.R.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This article aims to analyse the development of the concept of social dialogue in the UK as it has been encouraged by the European Union vision of social democracy. The starting points for the discussion are articles 27 and 28 of the Character of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on information and consultation and collective bargaining and collective agreements, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

The European context for developments is followed by a historical sketch of the topics included in the discussion. Analysis and evaluation is then presented of the evolving concept of social partnership and the traditional forms of “social dialogue” in the UK – collective bargaining and collective agreements; trade union recognition for collective bargaining; disclosure of information for collective bargaining purpose. Some former collective bargaining systems are also included in the analysis.

Findings

The focus of the discussion is the influence of European law on information and consultation in three discreet areas – the transfer of undertakings; collective redundancies and health and safety at work. The general conclusion is that the discreet notions of social dialogue which emanate from the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union spell good laws, good governance and effective democracy.

Originality/value

The article analyses the development of the concept of social dialogue.
The 1st Electronic Resources & Libraries Conference: A Supplemental Report
Authors: Carlson Jake
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To report on the 1st Electronic Resources & Libraries Conference held in March 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a review of some of the events of the conference.

Findings

The ER&L conference is the first step to building an shared understanding about the unique medium of electronic resources and management and developing a supportive community for dissemination of basic practices and latest developments in the field.

Originality/value

A conference report of interest to information management professionals, especially those involved with electronic resources.
The 32nd National Library Legislative Day
Authors: Arthur Mihram G.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To present highlights of the annual Library Legislative Day hosted by the American Library Association in Washington, DC.

Design/methodology/approach

A brief outline of the main events of the day.

Findings

The aim of this event is to promote advocacy for library services, literacy, resources with a better understanding of privacy and other related issues were commonly addressed themes. Since this is an annual event, it is critical for elected and federal officials, the press as well as the professional library community to share their agendas of common as well as different interests and figure out how to refine ways to address them. Originality/value ‐ Funding libraries is no easy feat, and getting legislators to provide funds and support for library services and resources is the challenge of this annual meeting and to determine better advocacy and effectiveness. Paper type Viewpoint
Off‐Campus Library Services: A Conference Report
Authors: Frederiksen Linda
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Conference report of the 12th Off‐Campus Library Services meeting. As distance education evolves into an even more mature state, and remote library services and access are more central to the programs, this conference entertains more themes focusing on technology and different applications in a range of library settings. Explores the latest developments of off‐campus library services for improved distance teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approach – A variety of presentations are shared, with different studies supplying the practical and supporting theoretical understanding of what role libraries have in contributing to distance learning and multiple site campuses.

Findings

Technology is the way we transfer information, make things available and support archives of information. New information products are introduced to contribute to library orientation and instruction.

Research limitations/implications

As off‐campus services thrive, there is a need to evaluate information about the program and services and this conference explores ways to conduct this kind of research.

Practical implications

As more institutions debut off‐campus programs and opportunities for learning, support services including access to online resources, instructional support, and other fundamental campus services become critical. This conference confirms the issues, methods for offering and delivering appropriate services and then evaluating the contributions in this form of higher education.

Originality/value

An additional venue to explore library services with serious concentration on distance education issues, student learning and outcomes.
Disc‐Based Audio‐Video Technology
Authors: Piepenburg Scott
Published: July 2006

Purpose

An introduction to disc‐based audio‐video technologies

Design/methodology/approach

Description of the basic disc‐based audio‐video technologies.

Findings

Provides the baseline for types of disc‐based audio‐video technology such as holographic video disc (HVD), BluRay, HD DVD, DVD‐Audio and others.

Originality/value

This paper is useful for information management professionals who seek greater understanding of the basics disc storage medium.
Minimizing flux spatter during lead‐free reflow assembly
Authors: Manjunath Deepak , Iyer Satyanarayan , Eckel Shawn , Damodaran Purushothaman , Srihari Krishnaswami
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The leaching of lead from electronic components in landfills to ground water is harmful to health and to the environment. Increasing concern over the use of lead in electronics manufacturing has led to legislation to restrict its use as a joining material. Consequently, significant recent research efforts have been geared to identification of suitable lead‐free solder pastes. Typically, lead‐free solder pastes contain a very active flux in an effort to improve wetting. These aggressive fluxes have the tendency to explode (or burst) and create flux spatter, causing many process problems with sensitive electronic components. The purpose of this paper is to propose solution procedures to minimize/eliminate these flux spatters, particularly, on gold fingers in memory modules when lead‐free solder pastes are used.

Design/methodology/approach

Four no‐clean, lead‐free Sn‐Ag‐Cu (SAC) alloy‐based solder pastes consisting of four different flux systems from three different vendors were evaluated. Two types of reflow profiles (linear and ramp‐soak‐ramp) were also evaluated. Experiments were also conducted to optimise the soak temperature and soak time to determine a broader process window for lead‐free volume production with minimal flux spatter on the contact fingers of memory modules. In order to validate our findings the recommended profile and paste was adopted in production. Additional experiments on a board with a different surface finish were also carried out to validate the recommendations.

Findings

Flux spatter can be reduced/eliminated through proper selection of flux chemistry and reflow profile optimisation. The experimental study conducted indicates there is a reduction in the occurrence of flux spatter when a ramp‐soak‐ramp profile is used with lead‐free solder pastes.

Originality/value

Demonstrates that flux spatter can be reduced/eliminated by carefully choosing a soak profile and appropriate flux chemistry.
Dissolution of stainless steels in molten lead‐free solders
Authors: Takemoto Tadashi , Takemoto Masaharu
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To determine the endurance of stainless steels used for wave soldering container materials in molten lead‐free solders.

Design/methodology/approach

A dissolution test on stainless steel wires in molten lead‐free solders was performed. The effects of the composition of the stainless steel, test period, and composition of the lead‐free solder on the dissolution rate were investigated. Dissolution was measured by cross‐sectioning the wires and measuring the reduction in radius.

Findings

The Sn‐Ag lead‐free solder showed faster dissolution than did the conventional Sn‐Pb eutectic. A severe dissolution rate was also observed for the Sn‐Zn system.

Practical implications

Quantitative data for the reaction rate between stainless steels and molten lead‐free solder is useful for the design of soldering machines and in planning their maintainance.

Originality/value

This paper shows the effect of basic factors on the dissolution rate of stainless steels in molten solder. It can give a basic understanding to engineers of the effect of lead free solders on wave soldering process equipment.
Identifying determinants of success in development of new high‐contact services
Authors: Ottenbacher Michael , Gnoth Juergen , Jones Peter
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain insight into factors that contribute to the success in high contact new service development (NSD) projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected via questionnaires from hospitality managers knowledgeable about NSD in their organization (sample size =183; response rate 38.1 percent). Discriminant analysis was used to identify the factors that are responsible for successful high contact NSD projects in the hospitality industry.

Findings

Research results indicate that seven factors play a distinctive role in the outcome of high contact NSD: market attractiveness, strategic human resource management, market responsiveness, empowerment, training of employees, employee commitment and marketing synergy.

Research limitations/implications

This study was conducted in only one industry (hospitality) and one country (Germany) and included only the views of managers.

Practical implications

This study outlines the importance of human resource management factors in high contact NSD success. Findings from previous NSD success studies in low contact service industries have been only partly confirmed.

Originality/value

This study expands the scope of NSD research.
Complexity and the beginning principal in the United States: perspectives on socialization
Authors: Crow Gary M.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the literature and practice on beginning principal socialization by identifying the features of post‐industrial work that create a more complex work environment for the practice and learning of the principalship in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on recent literature on the changing nature of work, the paper applies those features of complexity to components of beginning principal socialization.

Findings

The nature of work in post‐industrial society and the changes in education, including a knowledge society, technology, demographic changes, and public accountability increase the complexity for US school principals. These features provide an important conceptual and normative basis for understanding and changing the content, sources, methods, and outcomes of beginning principal socialization.

Originality/value

The paper contributes a set of conceptual and normative features that strengthens the understanding of how beginning principals learn the role.
New principals in Africa: preparation, induction and practice
Authors: Bush Tony , Oduro George K.T.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the challenges facing new principals in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on recent research and literature, the paper analyses the experience of principals and proposes an induction model for principalship in Africa.

Findings

School principals in Africa face a daunting challenge. They often work in poorly equipped buildings with inadequately trained staff. There is rarely any formal leadership training and principals are appointed on the basis of their teaching record rather than their leadership potential. Induction and support are usually limited.

Originality/value

The paper provides an overview of the limited literature and research on new principals in Africa and develops a grounded conceptualisation of their role.
Inner worlds and outer limits: the formation of beginning school principals in Hong Kong
Authors: Man‐biu Cheung Robin , Walker Allan
Published: July 2006

Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to one's understanding of how beginning principals in Hong Kong exercise leadership by exploring the concurrent influence of their inner worlds and the external contexts on their leadership within a reforming environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a study of the work lives of beginning principals in Hong Kong, this paper discusses a number of findings which attest to the complexity of the role of principals in a reforming environment and how this is influenced by an amalgam of personal and other contextual factors.

Findings

These include a set of categories and sub‐categories which help to frame an understanding of the work lives of beginning principals, and a rough typology of beginning principals.

Originality/value

The paper contains original data about secondary school beginning principals in Hong Kong, illustrating how their personal characteristics interact with other contextual features to shape their leadership.
Asking the hard questions: being a beginning principal in Australia
Authors: Quong Terry
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The paper aims to provide insights into the work of beginning principals in their first year through the experiences of one beginning principal during his first year in post.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to illuminate the problems of beginning principals the paper sets out to answer the personal question: “What can I say about my experiences that can benefit other beginning principals?” To this end, it details a personal exploration of a beginning principal's first year in post using an action learning methodology.

Findings

The paper describes some of the major problems faced and asserts that the key issue which emerged was how much or how little change beginning principals should implement in their first year on the job. The paper also suggests a personal generic framework for dealing with this and other issues in situ.

Originality/value

This paper provides a unique insight into the work of beginning principals and their work problems. It also contributes a model that may stimulate reflection on key issues faced by a beginning principal.
Tour operators and alternative tourism in Italy
Authors: Trunfio Mariapina , Petruzzellis Luca , Nigro Claudio
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The paper sets out to analyses the approach of Southern Italian regions in the way they are developing different types of tourist products.

Design/methodology/approach

In an attempt to measure tour operator preferences that impact the offer features, the tour operators' profiles have been traced, through a cluster analysis, in order to develop the market of new tourist products in Southern Italy.

Findings

The findings prove that the attitude of foreign tourists in choosing Southern Italian destinations is influenced not only by seaside location and cultural products but also by alternative features, such as natural resources and enogastronomic traditions, which represent the differentiating and value‐creating elements of the basic product. Moreover, the accommodation chosen confirms international tour operator loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

The cluster definition helps in identifying collective strategies to promote macro destinations, connecting similar places linked by tourist need satisfaction. Future research should consider the different typologies of tour operators and try to compare different areas of Europe with Italy.

Practical implications

New forms of tourism require specific and differentiated strategies supported by forms of international market penetration. The marketing thrusts should focus on the place vocation and a local hospitality system, developing and marketing local tourist products.

Originality/value

This paper analyses the role of tourist operators in developing and marketing new destinations and typologies of tourism.
The importance of service quality in bank selection for mortgage loans
Authors: Lymperopoulos Constantine , Chaniotakis Ioannis E. , Soureli Magdalini
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This project aims to offer an in‐depth understanding of bank customers' buying behaviour in relation to the selection process, and provide bank managers with useful insight into the development of high quality relationships with customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involved a review of available literature on bank choice criteria, the fieldwork, the identification of factors that affect customers' choice, and the development of related managerial implications. A research questionnaire was administered by personal interviews to 1,092 bank customers in the greater area of Athens.

Findings

Four distinct factors were identified as the main choice criteria that influence consumers' bank choice. Bank service quality is the most important element that customers consider in order to select their mortgage providers and establish a long‐term relationship with them. The other three refer to product attributes, access, and communication.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations relate to the use of non‐probability sample and the restricted geographical area of the field research. This study contributes to the body of academic knowledge by shedding more light into the role of service quality in the selection process of mortgage provider.

Practical implications

An understanding of consumer buying behaviour with respect to mortgage loans is important to bank managers for the attainment of organisational objectives that are focused on building beneficial customer relationships. Management guidelines for improving service quality are presented.

Originality/value

The paper manages to identify the perceived important characteristics of banks and particularly highlight the role of service quality in bank selection for mortgages and further development of long‐term relationships.
Investigating the impact of business‐process‐competent information systems (ISs) on business performance
Authors: Pantazi Malamatenia‐Alma A. , Georgopoulos Nikolaos B.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Investments in information systems (ISs) seem to suffer from the productivity paradox. In this article three interpretations of this paradox are explored and a business process (BP) oriented methodology to overcome it is suggested. The final goal is to investigate the relationship between a BP‐competent IS and improved business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Verification of the hypothesis made that BP‐competent ISs have a positive impact on business performance, is expected to be validated by a quantitative research based on a questionnaire survey.

Findings

This is a conceptual article that suggests a new BP‐driven methodology to assess IS business value and impact on business performance.

Research limitations/implications

Business process management (BPM) and the software tools that support it (i.e. business process management systems or BPMS) are quite new issues for the Greek business reality, and therefore there might be little evidence on application of such methodologies.

Practical implications

Focusing on the alignment of ISs to BPs helps a company solve misalignment that is due to many independent initiatives and deal with problems that cross‐departmental boundaries. It also prompts a company redirect focus from ISs to BPs and therefore resolve the problems rather than the symptoms. Knowing the positive impact of BP‐competent ISs on business performance makes it possible for an enterprise to realize the importance of pursuing a process‐oriented management style were focus is placed on value‐delivering

Originality/value

The value of the suggested methodology lies in the synthesis of distinct ideas and issues into a unique holistic assessment framework.
Making sense of knowledge transfer and social capital generation for a Pacific island aid infrastructure project
Authors: Manu Christopher , Walker Derek H.T.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to investigate how lessons learned from a case study of a construction project undertaken in the Pacific Islands relates to the interaction between social capital and knowledge transfer. The paper is reflective in nature focusing upon the experiences of one of the authors, being a Pacific Islander and trying to make sense of the role of social capital and the way that it impacts upon knowledge transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

Three theoretical frameworks are drawn upon in a pilot test of tools used to better understand and measure knowledge transfer including barriers to knowledge transfer to help explain the difficulty of knowledge transfer in a given context and the development of social capital for a foreign aid project. These tools allowed us to visualise project stakeholder outcomes for knowledge transfer and building social capital that were articulated by the aid recipient as being highly important. This was a pilot study and results reported upon in this paper were fed back to stakeholder representatives concerned for their comment and validation. Project documentation data, unstructuredad hocinterviews, together with personal reflection‐in‐practice, were gathered and used for the study.

Findings

The approach was found to be very useful in helping stakeholders better visualise and measure this project outcome, whereas experience from previous similar projects indicated that it was very difficult for stakeholders to find a tangible way of measuring this important element of success or failure.

Originality/value

Many projects of the type exemplified by the case studies are funded by aid agencies. This paper makes a contribution by presenting an evaluation tool for intangible project outcomes. The findings may influence the design of project success measures.
Anaesthetic mouthpiece development through QFD and customer interaction with functional prototypes
Authors: Booysen G.J. , Barnard L.J. , Truscott M. , de Beer D.J.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The paper reflects on the development of a medical product using rapid prototyping technologies and customer interaction through a quality function deployment (QFD) approach to speed up the process, and to result in customer satisfaction. The purpose of the specific medical product was to develop a device for fixing an Endo‐tracheal (ET) tube in a patient during anaesthesia, as it is common for an ET tube to move and/or become dislodged due to various extraneous reasons. If the tube deviates from the correct position it can cause one or both lungs to collapse, which can be fatal. The paper reviews how the anaesthetist's idea, which was to develop a product that could hold an ET tube in place in a more secure manner than is possible with current technologies, was brought to fruition through customer interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an action‐research approach, the design evolved through series of design concepts, which through customer interaction contributed to a total optimized design. Virtual and physical prototypes, together with silicone mouldings were used as part of the customer interaction.

Findings

As with any new product, some functional parts were needed to conduct tests, which in turn would help to prove the product, and hence, the design. Traditionally this meant the manufacturing of a hard tool and proving of the design through trial and error. Hard tooling allows for some small changes to be made, but if the changes are radical a new tool will have to be designed and manufactured.

Research limitations/implications

Following a developmental approach through the application of various types/stages of prototyping (such as virtual prototypes), revolutionised this process by simplifying and accelerating the development iteration process – it also developed a new version/paradigm of QFD.

Practical implications

Opposed to traditional forms of QFD where customer inputs are gathered through questionnaires, this case study proved that functional models provide an efficient client‐feedback, through constant involvement in the development process, as well as evaluation of the systematic progress.

Originality/value

The case study shows that experts in other disciplines can become involved in the product development process through the availability of functional prototypes, and builds on previous work to introduce a concept of customer interaction with functional prototypes.
Custom fabrication of a composite hemi‐knee joint based on rapid prototyping
Authors: He Jiankang , Li Dichen , Lu Bingheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To present a custom design and fabrication method for a novel hemi‐knee joint substitute composed of titanium alloy and porous bioceramics based on rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The three‐dimensional (3D) freeform model of a femur bone was reconstructed based on computerized tomography images via reverse engineering and the 3D reconstruction accuracy was evaluated. The negative image of artificial bone was designed with interconnected microstructures (250‐300 μm). The epoxy resin mould of a hemi‐knee joint and the negative pattern of an artificial bone were fabricated on Stereolithography apparatus. Based on these moulds, a titanium‐alloy hemi‐knee joint and a porous‐bioceramic artificial bone were created by quick casting and powder sintering (known as RT) techniques, respectively. After assembling, a composite hemi‐knee joint substitute was obtained.

Findings

The 3D reconstructed freeform model of the femur bone conformed to the original anatomy within a maximum deviation 0.206 mm. The sintered artificial bone had interconnected micropores (250 μm) and microchannels (300 μm). After implanting in vivo, the composite hemi‐knee joint substitute matched well with the surrounding tissues and bones with sufficient mechanical strength.

Research limitations/implications

Further in‐vivo research is needed to provide the evidence for tissue growth into the ceramic structures and long‐term viability and stability of the implant.

Originality/value

This method enhances the versatility of using RP in the fabrication of tissue‐engineered substitutes, especially when individual matching is considered. Although this paper took a customized hemi‐knee joint substitute as an example, it is capable of fabricating other artificial substitutes with a variety of biomaterials.
Thick‐film strain and temperature sensors on LTCC substrates
Authors: Hrovat Marko , Belavič Darko , Kita Jaroslaw , Holc Janez , Drnovšek Silvo , Cilenšek Jena , Golonka Leszek , Dziedzic Andrzej
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Aims to evaluate different thick‐film materials for use in strain sensors and temperature sensors on low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates.

Design/methodology/approach

LTCC materials are sintered at the low temperatures typically used for thick‐film processing, i.e. around 850°C, The thick‐film resistor materials for use as strain and temperature sensors on LTCC tapes are studied. Thick‐film piezo‐resistors in the form of strain‐gauges are realised with 10 kΩ/sq. 2041 (Du Pont)and 3414‐B (ESL), resistor materials; thick‐film temperature‐dependent resistors were made from PTC 5093 (Du Pont), and NTC‐4993 (EMCA Remex) resistor materials.

Findings

The X‐ray spectra of the 2041 and 3414‐Bb low TCR resistors after drying at 150°C and after firing display more or less the same peaks. The electrical characteristics of 2041 resistors fired on alumina and LTCC substrates are similar indicating that the resistors are compatible with the LTCC material. After firing on LTCC substrates the sheet resistivities and TCRs of the 3414‐B resistors increased. Also, there is a significant increase in the GFs from 13 to over 25.

Originality/value

Investigates the compatibility of thick‐film materials and the characteristics of the force and temperature sensors.
Communicating sustainable development initiatives
Authors: von Kutzschenbach Michael , Brønn Carl
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The co‐orientation model is used as a vehicle for framing the perceptions of different stakeholder groups. This study aims to operationalize the principles of sustainable development in the chain‐of‐custody and measure two selected stakeholder groups' perceptions of their importance.

Design/methodology/approach

The co‐orientation model provides guidance for improving communications and stakeholder relationships by identifying different co‐orientation states of the communicating parties. The implications for the development of effective sustainability communication strategies for organizations are discussed.

Findings

Sustainability communications requires a systematic approach in which all the communication activities are directed toward achieving increased understanding between the organization and its relevant stakeholders about the issues. The co‐orientation model enables the identification of unique initiatives to overcome the communication problems caused by the different co‐orientation states. This insight can be utilized by communication managers to fine‐tune their organization's communication strategy to be more sensitive to the specific requirements of the communication situation. Some of the recommendations to manage the communication process include assumption surfacing, orgainzational reflection, improved stakeholder management and dialogue.

Originality/value

The co‐orientation model is a quite complex concept. This study tries to use the model in a concret case and develops different approaches for improving communications and stakeholder relationships by identifying different co‐orientation states of the communicating parties.
Learning at work: organisational affordances and individual engagement
Authors: Bryson Jane , Pajo Karl , Ward Robyn , Mallon Mary
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to explore the interaction between organisational affordances for the development of individuals' capability, and the engagement of workers at various levels with those opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study of a large New Zealand wine company, using in‐depth interviews. Interviews were held with staff at all levels working in the vineyards or winery – the two core functions of the organisation. Transcripts were analysed drawing on Billet's notion of workplace affordances, Fuller and Unwin's restrictive‐expansive continuum, and the concept of proactive personality.

Findings

Development opportunities were differentially experienced according to level in the organisational hierarchy and function, with those higher in the organisation experiencing a more expansive environment than those in lower‐level jobs. However, where individuals were proactive, a seemingly restrictive development environment was experienced as far more expansive; just as a potentially expansive environment could be experienced as restrictive by those who did not take initiative.

Research limitations/implications

The conventional limitations of case study research apply. In particular, concerns over generalisability to other industries and organisational settings.

Practical implications

The research highlights for managers' the important role of job design and organisational characteristics that foster expansive work environments for the promotion of employee learning and development. For employees it highlights how proactive behaviour can provide opportunities for development in otherwise restrictive environments.

Originality/value

Previous research has identified differences in workplace affordances for development across organisations. The paper extends this work by showing that such differences are also evident within organisations and are associated with hierarchical position. Moreover, the paper integrates the notion of proactive behaviour, a construct that fits well with interactionist perspectives on workplace learning that emphasise the dual and reciprocal nature of contextual influences and individual agency.
Communities of practice as stimulating forces for collective learning
Authors: Mittendorff Kariene , Geijsel Femke , Hoeve Aimee , de Laat Maarten , Nieuwenhuis Loek
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to get a clear view on how can we judge groups in relation to the characteristics of a community of practice (CoP), and the presence of collective learning in these groups.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of literature on collective learning and CoPs led to the development of a conceptual model, which was tested through case study research against empirical data from three groups in organizations.

Findings

The groups differed concerning group characteristics, but also concerning the collective learning processes and learning outcomes present. The group that can be characterized as a CoP learns a lot, but the (learning) processes in the group are not always in favour of the organizational learning process.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual framework was helpful to evaluate the characteristics of CoPs in relation to collective learning. These findings suggest that it will be interesting to expand the model, for example with consideration to the way CoPs experience the need to change.

Practical implications

The developed framework might help managers to judge if groups in an organization have characteristics of a CoP, if they are in balance and what might be needed to develop towards an ideal CoP with a great learning potential.

Originality/value

A first attempt is made to build a framework for judging CoPs for several aspects of their functioning. The research also shows that CoPs are not always stimulating forces for organizational learning.
The effects of money laundering and terrorism on capital accumulation and consumption
Authors: Azevedo Araujo Ricardo
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of terrorist actions and money laundering on capital accumulation and consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper builds a general equilibrium model that considers the existence of two representative agents: a terrorist and a worker. It departs from a formalization of Linn's findings about the connection between money laundering and terrorism. His results are confirmed and extended.

Findings

The paper shows that the combat to money laundering is an effective way of preventing terrorist actions. Besides it is found that these actions do not affect the optimal stock of capital goods but have a negative impact on per capita consumption.

Originality/value

The paper confirms Linn's findings concerning money laundering and terrorism by using a formal approach. It also extends the model in order to study the impact of money laundering and terrorism on capital accumulation and consumption.
Building technology foresight: using scenarios to embrace innovation
Authors: Drew Stephen A.W.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of scenario planning methods to: identifying disruptive innovations at an early stage, mapping out potential development paths for such innovations, and building appropriate organizational capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of scenario planning with technology road‐mapping, expert analysis and creative group processes. The techniques described can be integrated with traditional tools of strategic technology planning. The paper presents a short illustrative case study and examples from practice.

Findings

Scenario techniques can be successfully applied to analysing disruptive innovation.

Practical implications

Scenario techniques help guide managers to more effective decision making by preparing for a wide range of uncertainty and by counteracting typical biases of over‐optimism and decision “framing”. The techniques presented can be used in executive development and in strategic planning for innovative and high‐tech industries.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel way to combine scenario methods with technology road‐mapping and creative group analysis. It also provides an overview of the literature and research related to scenario planning for disruptive innovation.
Creativity work environment: do UK advertising agencies have one?
Authors: Ensor John , Pirrie Angela , Band Christine
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to identify whether the work environment of advertising agencies display the key elements (both positive and negative) of the conceptual categories which Amabile et al. hypothesise influence organisational creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

Amabile et al.'s model proposes five conceptual categories which the KEYS instrument, developed from their conceptual framework, measures using ten scales reflecting different dimensions of the work environment. The KEYS instrument is employed in this research to survey staff from two London‐based advertising agencies. The aim was to gain information from individuals across functions and at all levels within these organisations.

Findings

This research found that the UK advertising agencies are organised in a manner that allows them to strongly reinforce three key dimensions, work group supports, lack of organisational impediments and organisational encouragement, which Amabile et al. suggest are critical in facilitating organisational creativity. However, on one key dimension, challenging work, the advertising agencies' performances are well below the norm found in previous studies. The findings on one associated dimension, lack of workload pressure, also appear to be in conflict with the results of previous research.

Originality/value

Although the majority of the findings of this paper support Amabile et al.'s conceptual framework, a number of issues emerge from this research which may suggest some future refinements are warranted to the composition of both the conceptual framework and the current configuration of the KEYS research tool.
A template for commercialising science and facilitating innovation
Authors: Smith Simon , Pech Richard J.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Scientists are known for their good ideas, but packaging those ideas into a commercial format requires skills, funding, and processes for which many scientists and their research institutions are all too often not equipped. The Victorian Government of Australia has developed a successful initiative designed to facilitate and commercialise scientific innovations. The purpose of this paper is to document the processes and the lessons drawn from the establishment of the Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study describes the Australian state of Victoria's STI Initiative over a four year period from its inception. The program was designed to enhance the ability to compete globally through commercialisation of Victoria's science capability and to facilitate greater industry innovation through collaboration with the science community.

Findings

The STI case demonstrates how the program has exceeded expectations with proven return on investment in less than four years. The case describes the STI's history, structure, strategies, processes, and methods of monitoring and evaluation. It also describes problems and difficulties that have occurred and how these were overcome. One of the major findings of the STI Initiative concerns the development of governance structures for each project. Rather than introducing rigidity and decision speed‐bumps, the introduction of well‐designed governance structures provides rapid and useful feedback and favourable control measures.

Practical implications

A large part of managing STI projects involves the establishment of funded grants and the development and management of commercial objectives and cooperation between the science and commercial sectors. It is argued that this successful format for commercialising science and facilitating innovation can be templated and therefore duplicated by governments almost anywhere in the world.

Originality/value

The lessons from this case study support the argument that there is a need for structure to formalise a successful relationship between industry, science, government, and investors. The paper provides a format for such a structure based on the experiences of the STI Initiative based in Victoria, Australia.
Operational intelligence discovery and knowledge‐mapping approach in a supply network with uncertainty
Authors: Koh S.C.L. , Tan K.H.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to propose an approach for discovering operational intelligence and knowledge mapping in a supply network with uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

Knowledge mapping and handbook techniques are used. TAPS software is used to model a supply network with uncertainty and to discover operational intelligence in a supply network.

Findings

Knowledge management is inadequate for managing a supply network with uncertainty. Knowledge mapping is proposed, but it needs to be assisted by operational intelligence.

Practical implications

iTAPS provides managers with an ability to visualise the operational intelligence for a given objective, and to identify the likely effects on implementing a particular tool or technique in a supply network.

Originality/value

A new approach – called the “intelligence handbook” is proposed to discover operational intelligence in order to map knowledge in a supply network with uncertainty.