bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of prediction error on episodic memory
Authors:   , Turan Gözem
Published: January 2024

Understanding the brain's proactive nature and its ability to anticipate the future has been a longstanding pursuit in philosophy and scientific research. The predictive processing framework explains how the brain generates predictions based on environmental regularities and adapts to both predicted and unpredicted events. Prediction errors (PE) occur when sensory evidence deviates from predictions, triggering cognitive and neural processes that enhance learning and subsequent memory. However, the effects of PE on episodic memory have not been clearly explained. This dissertation aims to address three key questions to advance our understanding of PE and episodic memory. First, how does the degree of PE influence episodic memory, and how do expected and unexpected events interact in this process? Second, what insights can be gained from studying the electrophysiological activity associated with prediction violations, and what role does PE play in subsequent memory benefits? Lastly, how do memory processes change across the lifespan, and how does this impact the brain's ability to remember events? By answering these questions, this dissertation contributes to advancing our understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the relationship PE and episodic memory.
TUTORIAL PARA APLICAÇÃO DIDÁTICA DE PLANEJAMENTOS DE MISTURAS UTILIZANDO LIBREOFFICE E RSTUDIO
Authors: Adriano Luiz Henrique , Candido João Marcos , Moreira Olívia , Scarminio Ieda , Bruns Roy , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto
Published: January 2024

TUTORIAL FOR DIDACTIC APPLICATION OF MIXTURE DESIGNS USING LIBREOFFICE AND RSTUDIO. Mixture designs are becoming frequently used as a powerful tool in modern chemical research. Their versatility opens the door to countless applications, making it a must-have tool in any experimental environment. Mixture designs combined with mathematical regressions allow us to understand how component proportions affect a measured response leading to system optimization at minimum cost and providing an accurate description of system behaviour. Dedicated software is often used to perform data analysis in mixture design experiments, but many of them are only commercially available hindering the use of mixture designs by scientific groups. The availability of free software would make these designs even more attractive, allowing users to benefit from the creative potential of this toolset without the prohibitive cost of proprietary tools. RStudio and LibreOffice are some of the free software with the capability to perform the necessary data analysis accompanying mixture designs. To exemplify how mixture design analysis can be executed the book “Como Fazer Experimentos” was used as reference material. Both software presented good results and the potential to be used to perform data analysis for mixture design experiments.
Nutritional and therapeutic potential of functional components of brown seaweed: A review
Authors: Alloyarova Yuliya , Kolotova Daria , Derkach Svetlana
Published: January 2024

Seaweed has a unique chemical composition with an abundance of bioactive substances. In Russia, brown seaweed grows in the coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean (Far East) and the seas of the Arctic Ocean.

This review focuses on the therapeutic and nutritional potential of functional components of brown seaweed. It was based on a systematic analysis of research and review articles published from 2010 to 2023 and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.RU. Our particular interest was in seaweed’s bioactive components such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, vitamins, lipids and fatty acids, proteins, peptides, and amino acids.

Compounds extracted from brown seaweed exhibit antioxidant, antiglycemic, antitumoral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antibacterial, and immunostimulating properties. Brown seaweed and its derivatives are used as structural modifiers, antioxidants, preservatives, moisture-retaining agents, and sources of vitamins and minerals in the development of functional and preventive food products. They are also used as ingredients in meat, dairy, bakery and flour products, as well as in food additives and beverages, to provide potential health benefits and essential nutrients.

Studies have proven the functional effectiveness of food products containing brown seaweed and its derivatives. The incorporation of seaweed components into functional foods could contribute to global food security. More research is needed to develop new competitive products based on seaweed and to investigate them for the presence of substances hazardous to humans and the environment.
Cheap and efficient strategy for photocatalytic degradation of ionic liquids by La/Ce-codoped TiO2@PAM composites
Authors: Liang Honglian , Jiao Jianli , Dou Danyang , Li Siyu
Published: January 2024

Ionic liquids are regarded as green solvents mainly due to their non-volatile and easy regeneration and recycling properties. However, ionic liquids have negative effects on the environment and human health, especially alkyl imidazole ionic liquids are more toxic than traditional organic solutions. Studies on the toxicology, ecotoxicology, and degradation of ionic liquids are rarely found in the literature. Here, we prepared the cheap La and Ce-codoped TiO2@PAM (polyacrylamide) composite microspheres with a simple procedure for the first time to degrade three kinds of imidazole ionic liquids with high efficiency. The experimental results show that the composite La (0.25%) and Ce (0.15%)-codoped TiO2@PAM composite microspheres with calcination temperature of 450 °C had a high photocatalytic activity for 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate with the concentration of 10 mg/L. The photocatalysis degradation extent of the three ionic liquids is 97.4, 91.2, and 88.5% at 90 min. This work opened a new route for the simple preparation of cheap composite microspheres in the photocatalytic degradation of ionic liquids with a high efficiency.
Rasgos adaptativos al fuego en cinco especies forestalesen una formación vegetal subxerófila en la selva central del Perú
Authors: Monteverde­ Calderón Gianlucca , Palacios­ Ramos Sonia , Chavesta­ Custodio Manuel
Published: January 2024

Los incendios forestales se han vuelto cada vez más frecuentes y devastadores, amenazando la diversidad vegetal de los bosques tropicales; por esta razón, es esencial identificar y analizar cuidadosamente los rasgos funcionales de las diferentes especies arbóreas que sean particularmente susceptibles a los efectos de estos incendios. En este contexto, el presente estudio consistió en caracterizar los rasgos funcionales relacionados con la adaptabilidad al fuego en una formación vegetal subxerófila del valle de Chanchamayo (Junín, Perú) mediante la medición de la ramificación (Índice de Dominancia Apical), densidad básica (DB) y espesor de corteza (Ect) en cinco especies adaptadas al fuego Curatella americana L., Astronium graveolens Jacq., Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld, Luehea paniculata Mart. y Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl. Las evaluaciones de los rasgos funcionales fueron tomadas en dos poblaciones distintas, una con evidencia de quema y otra sin evidencia. Los resultados de las dos poblaciones fueron comparados para analizar la influencia del fuego en los rasgos evaluados. El valor promedio del IDA, DB y Ect en árboles afectados por quemas fue de 2,662 m­-1,  0,461 g/cm3 y 8,636 mm respectivamente y de árboles no quemados fue de 1,945 m­-1, 0,467 g/cm3 y 5,150 mm respectivamente. Finalmente, se encontró que una mayor ramificación y grosor de corteza puede implicar una adaptación de las especies a quemas a las que han sido expuestas; mientras que la densidad básica en ramas no muestra alguna relación con suficiente evidencia estadística para demostrar una influencia de la quema sobre el árbol.
Efficacious, Nutritious and Delicious or Risky? Exploring the FODMAP Diet to
Manage and Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Valk Reimara , Hammill James , Valk Mieke
Published: January 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a debilitating, complex, chronic disorder with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical
phenotype. IBS is the most common disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), with a prevalence ranging from 7% to 23% globally. The burden of
IBS on patients is considerable in terms of reduced quality of life. Furthermore, the costs to healthcare systems and society are substantial as IBS
accounts for billions of dollars in direct and indirect medical costs. Common symptoms of IBS are bloating, reoccurring episodes of abdominal
pain, excessive flatus, constipation, diarrhea or alternating bowel habits. Many IBS patients have associated ingestion of specific foods with GI
symptoms onset or exacerbation and have therefore, attempted dietary therapy for the treatment and control of their GI symptoms. The low
fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet is currently the most evidence-based and internationally accepted viable
first-line dietary therapy for IBS. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that are poorly or incompletely absorbed in the small intestine and
subsequently fermented by the colonic microbiota, leading to the production of gases, such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. There is a
recognized need to elucidate how FODMAPs induce GI symptoms and to understand how the 3-phase (restriction, re-introduction and
personalization) FODMAP diet works. Hence, the objective of this review article is to elucidate the pathophysiological central and peripheral gutrelated
mechanisms through which FODMAPs cause GI- symptoms, to expound the implementation of the FODMAP diet and to highlight and
confute concerns around the safety and risks of the FODMAP diet long-term.
Characterization of a Novel Thermostable 7α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Authors: Lou Deshuai , Cao Yangyang , Duan Hongtao , Tan Jun , Li Binyan , Zhou Yuanjun , Wang Dong
Published: January 2024

Background:

7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) plays a pivotal role in
vivo in the biotransformation of secondary bile acids and has great potential in industrial biosynthesis
due to its broad substrate specificity. In this study, we expressed and characterized a novel
thermostable 7α-HSDH (named Sa 7α-HSDH).

Methods:

The DNA sequence was derived from the black bear gut microbiome metagenomic sequencing
data, and the coding sequence of Sa 7α-HSDH was chemically synthesized. The heterologous
expression of the enzyme was carried out using the pGEX-6p-1 vector. Subsequently, the
activity of the purified enzyme was studied by measuring the absorbance change at 340 nm. Finally,
the three-dimensional structure was predicted with AlphaFold2.

Results:

Coenzyme screening results confirmed it to be NAD(H) dependent. Substrate specificity
test revealed that Sa 7α-HSDH could catalyze taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) with catalytic
efficiency (kcat/Km) 3.81 S-1 mM-1. The optimum temperature of Sa 7α-HSDH was measured to
be 75°C, confirming that it belongs to thermophilic enzymes. Additionally, its thermostability was
assessed using an accelerated stability test over 32 hours. The catalytic activity of Sa 7α-HSDH remained
largely unchanged for the first 24 hours and retained over 90% of its functionality after 32
hours at 50°C. Sa 7α-HSDH exhibited maximal activity at pH 10. The effect of metal ions-K+,
Na+, Mg2+ and Cu2+-on the enzymatic activity of Sa 7α-HSDH was investigated. Only Mg2+ was observed
to enhance the enzyme’s activity by 27% at a concentration of 300 mM. Neither K+ nor
Na+ had a significant influence on activity. Only Cu2+ was found to reduce enzyme activity.

Conclusion:

We characterized the thermostable 7α-HSDH, which provides a promising biocatalyst
for bioconversion of steroids at high reaction temperatures.
Part 2, Studies on the Synthesis of Quinolone Derivatives with their Biological
Activity
Authors: Saxena Nishtha , Shankhdhar Swapnil , Kumar Anil , Srivastava Nivedita
Published: January 2024

Quinolones are among the class of antibiotics that are used most frequently worldwide and are used
for treating a variety of bacterial diseases in humans. Recent research has shown that new, improved analogues
of quinolones are being used as anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and other antimicrobial agents. In an earlier
review (Part 1) [8], we discussed the synthesis and antibacterial activity of quinolones in detail. This review
focuses on the detailed study of newly synthesized quinolone compounds and their biological activity in different
dimensions.
Two-step Continuous-flow Synthesis of 1,2-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanylbenzene via
Diazotization and Methanethiolation
Authors: Li Lixia , Zhang Qi , Bian Ce , Wei Wei , Sun Wenxuan , Ji Lu , Wang Hande , Zhou Chuan , Wang Ke , Gong Dangsheng , Yan Dongmao
Published: January 2024

1,2-Dimethyl-3-methylsulfanylbenzene is the key intermediate of topramezone. This work designed a
two-step continuous-flow device to synthesize 1,2-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanylbenzene via diazotization and
methanethiolation. The results showed that compared with the batch process, the continuous-flow method greatly
shortened the residence time to 1 minute, avoided the accumulation of large amounts of diazonium salts to
reduce decomposition and increased the product yield to 91.7%. At the same time, the continuous-flow process
improved the safety and efficiency of the reactions, saved reaction time and had good prospects for industrial
application.
Innovations in Treating Sporotrichosis: Drug Repurposing and Lead Compound
Synthesis
Authors: de Carvalho Alcione S. , de Freitas Gabriel R.M. , Nicoletti Caroline D. , de C. da Silva Fernando , Futuro Débora O. , Ferreira Vitor F. , Ferreira Patricia G.
Published: January 2024

Sporotrichosis, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a neglected
tropical disease and classified among significant fungal health concerns, remains
both underestimated and underreported. There is a profound impact of sporotrichosis on
public health, affecting both humans and domestic animals. The causative agents are fungi
within the Sporothrix genus, primarily transmitted through traumatic exposure to contaminated
soil, plants, decomposing materials, or through scratches from infected animals, notably
cats. While sporotrichosis is a global concern, its prevalence is particularly noteworthy
in tropical and subtropical regions. The limited treatment options for sporotrichosis, with
itraconazole as the preferred choice, underscore the challenges posed by fungal infections.
Issues such as toxicity and drug resistance further complicate effective management. Consequently,
this review aims to elucidate key objectives: identification of novel synthetic compounds revealed in
the literature, highlighting ongoing efforts to develop new treatments against sporotrichosis, examining promising
anti-sporothrix natural products, and providing an overview of endeavors to repurpose approved drugs. The
key findings from the study underscore the urgent need for diversified and effective drugs for the treatment of
Sporotrichosis.
Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of
Some Novel 3,5-disubstituted-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Tok Fatih , Bayrak İlayda Rumeysa , Karakaraman Elif , Soysal İrem , Çakır Cansel , Tuna Kübra , Özgüven Serap Yılmaz , Sıcak Yusuf , Öztürk Mehmet , Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu Bedia
Published: January 2024

In this study, some new pyrazoline derivatives bearing cyano or nitro groups were synthesized. The
structures of the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis data.
The ABTS·+, DPPH·, CUPRAC and β-Carotene/linoleic acid assays were carried out to determine the antioxidant
activity of the synthesized pyrazolines. Compound P14 showed higher antioxidant activity than the standard
substance BHA with IC50 values of 1.71±0.31 μM and 0.29±0.04 μM in ABTS+ and β-carotene/linoleic acid
assays, respectively. Compound P12 also exhibited higher antioxidant activities than BHA with an IC50 value of
0.36±0.14 μM in β-carotene/linoleic acid analysis.
In activity studies of pyrazolines against cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-
glucosidase, compound P1 (IC50 = 39.51±3.80 μM) showed higher activity against α-amylase and compounds
P5 and P12 displayed higher activity against α-glucosidase than acarbose with IC50 values of 14.09±0.62 and
83.26±2.57 μM, respectively.
The drug-like properties such as Lipinski and Veber, bioavailability and toxicity risks of the synthesized compounds
were also evaluated. The compounds were predicted to be compatible with Lipinski and Veber rules,
have high bioavailability and low toxicity profiles. Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed to better
understand the high activity of the compounds against a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes.
(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin Inhibits EMT-evoked Osteosarcoma Cell
Growth and Metastasis by Activating the HIPPO Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaoping , Chang Junli , Sun Xingyuan , Zhou Chujie , Zhao Peng , Yang Yanping
Published: January 2024

Background:

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in children and
adolescents with high metastatic ability.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)
on osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

The osteosarcoma cells of 143B and U-2 OS (U-2), treated with HCPT (20, 100, or 300
nM), underwent detections, such as CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, wound healing, and immunoblotting. EMT-related key proteins, like N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin, were found to be
down-regulated, while E-cadherin was up-regulated dose-dependently in HCPT-exposed 143B
and U-2 cells. Additionally, incubation of 143B and U-2 cells with HCPT for 3 hours dosedependently reduced the expression ratios of p-LATS1/LATS1, p-MST1/MST1, p-YAP/YAP,
and p-TAZ/TAZ.

Results:

Taken together, our study has demonstrated HCPT to inhibit osteosarcoma growth and
metastasis potentially by activating the HIPPO signaling pathway and reversing EMT.

Conclusion:

HCPT might be a candidate agent for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma
Heparin Oligosaccharides as Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Inhibitors via
their Binding Process Characterization
Authors: Li Meixin , Xue Yaqi , Chi Lianli , Jin Lan
Published: January 2024

Background:

It has been proven that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was involved
in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Cardin et al. found that by an alanine scan, the heparin-binding site on VIP was exactly the same sequence in VIP and its receptor. Therefore, heparin could
competitively block the binding of VIP and its receptor. However, the structure-activity relationship between heparin and VIP has not been reported, especially in terms of the sequence and sulfation patterns of heparin oligosaccharides upon binding to VIP.

Objective:

The binding process between heparin oligosaccharides and VIPA variety of experiments was designed to study the structure-activity relationship between heparin oligosaccharides
and VIP.

Methods:

Heparin was enzymatically digested and purified to produce heparin oligosaccharides,
and the structures were characterized by NMR. The binding capacity between heparin oligosaccharides and VIP was analyzed by GMSA and ITC experiments. The binding between heparin oligosaccharides and VIP was simulated using a molecular docking program to show the
complex. ELISA assay was used to investigate the effect of non-anticoagulant heparin oligosaccharides on the VIP-mediated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in vitro.

Results:

The results indicated that both the length and the sulfation pattern of heparin oligosaccharides affected its binding to VIP. VIP could induce the expression of cAMP at a higher
level in PC3 cells, which could be regulated by the interaction of heparin oligosaccharides and
VIP.

Conclusion:

The binding between heparin oligosaccharides and VIP could block the binding between VIP and its receptor on tumor cells. Downloading the regulation of the expression level of
cAMP could possibly further affect the subsequent activation of PKA. These non-anticoagulant heparin oligosaccharides may block the VIP-mediated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and thus exert
their antitumor activity.
Targeting Ferroptosis: A Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Jiang Chengshi , Meng Ning
Published: January 2024

Since ferroptosis was reported in 2012, its application prospects in various diseases have
been widely considered, initially as a treatment direction for tumors. Recent studies have shown that
ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The primary
mechanism is to affect the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis through intracellular iron
homeostasis, ROS and lipid peroxide production and metabolism, and a variety of intracellular signaling
pathways. Inhibition of ferroptosis is effective in inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis,
and it can bring a new direction for treating atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanism
of ferroptosis and focus on the relationship between ferroptosis and atherosclerosis, summarize
the different types of ferroptosis inhibitors that have been widely studied, and discuss some issues
worthy of attention in the treatment of atherosclerosis by targeting ferroptosis.
Pharmacological Treatment of Heart Failure: Recent Advances
Authors: Chan Jonathan C.H. , Siddiqui Areeb
Published: January 2024

Background:

Heart failure is a clinical condition with high mortality and morbidity
that occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of
the body. The pharmacological management of heart failure has been revolutionized over the
past decade with novel treatments.

Objective:

The aim of the review is to highlight the recent pharmacological advances in the
management of heart failure.

Results:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), iron carboxymaltose, finerenone,
omecamtiv mecarbil, and vericiguat have been shown to reduce hospitalization for heart failure.
However, only SGLT2i, vericiguat, and omecamtiv mecarbil have been shown to reduce cardiovascular death. Finerenone has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and renal adverse
outcomes in patients with diabetes and kidney disease.
Currently, only SGLT2i has been studied in patients beyond the heart failure-reduced ejection
fraction population.

Conclusion:

The current quadruple therapy in the treatment of heart failure has demonstrated a
reduction in the hospitalization of patients and a decrease in mortality associated with the condition. Individualized heart failure therapy research have shown some benefit in select heart failure patients. Further research on novel therapies will help improve heart failure patient outcomes.
The Sentinel Node and Occult Lesion Localization (SNOLL) Technique Using a
Single Radiopharmaceutical in Non-palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Okudan Berna , Seven Bedri , Arıcan Pelin
Published: January 2024

Background::

In order to perform a full surgical resection on non-palpable breast lesions, a current method necessitates correct intraoperative localization.
Additionally, because it is an important prognostic factor for these patients, the examination of the lymph node status is crucial.

Objective::

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique in localizing nonpalpable
breast lesions together with sentinel lymph node (SLN) using a single radiotracer, that is, nanocolloid particles of human serum albumin
(NC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc).

Methods::

39 patients were included, each having a single non-palpable breast lesion and clinically no evidence of axillary disease. Patients received 99mTc-
NC intratumorally on the same day as surgery under the guidance of ultrasound. Planar and single-photon emission computed
tomography/computed tomography lymphoscintigraphy were performed to localize the breast lesion and the SLN. The occult breast lesion and
SLN were both localized using a hand-held gamma-probe, which was also utilized to determine the optimal access pathway for surgery. In order to
ensure a radical treatment in a single surgical session and reduce the amount of normal tissue that would need to be removed, the surgical field was
checked with the gamma probe after the specimen was removed to confirm the lack of residual sources of considerable radioactivity.

Results::

Breast lesions were successfully localized and removed in all patients. Pathological findings revealed breast carcinoma in 11/39 patients (28%) and
benign lesions in 28 (72%). Axillary SLNs were detected in 31/39 (79.5%) patients. The metastatic involvement of SLN was only seen in two
cases.

Conclusion::

While the identification rate of the SNOLL technique performed with an intratumoral injection of 99mTc-NC as the sole radiotracer in non-palpable
breast lesions was great, it was not fully satisfactory in SLNs.
Pharmacokinetic Studies of Gypenoside XLVI in Rat Plasma using
UPLC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Li Han , Yang Aiping , Yang Meng , Zhou Fengjuan , Zhang Rui , Zheng Zongping , Wang Xiachang
Published: January 2024

Background:

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been linked to a number
of pharmacological benefits, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihyperlipidemic
activities. Gypenoside XLVI (Gyp XLVI) was a significant triterpenoid saponin reported
from a sweet-taste varietas G. pentaphyllum, which has inhibitory effects and causes apoptosis
on human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells.

Methods:

A quick, precise, and sensitive method for the quantification and pharmacokinetic research
of Gyp XLVI in rats was developed utilizing UPLC-MS/MS. When extracting blood
samples, protein was precipitated using methanol. An internal standard (IS) was employed,
which was tolbutamide. For the chromatographic separation, a C18 column (Waters Acquity)
was used with mobile phases as 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring
was used as MS detection manner with electrospray ionization in negative mode.

Results:

Gyp XLVI had good linearity in the 1.36‒1000.00 ng/mL concentration range. The intra-
day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) and accuracy (RE%) were less than 12.7% or 8.29%,
respectively. Gyp XLVI’s extraction recovery ranged from 89.5% to 104.2%. The matrix effects
ranged from 75.3%‒94.3%. The outcomes of matrix interference and recovery investigations
complied with the necessary variability limitations. After three hours at room temperature
(25°C), 24 hours in an auto-sampler (4°C), three freeze-thaw cycles, and 30 days of storage
at -20°C, the analyte in rat plasma remained stable. Gyp XLVI pharmacokinetic investigations
and quantification were conducted using the validated method. The AUC0-∞ values for intravenous
administration (1 mg/kg) and oral administration (10 mg/kg) were 2213.9 ± 561.5
ng·h/mL and 1032.8 ± 334.8 ng·h/mL, respectively. Gyp XLVI had a half-life (t1/2z) of 2.5 ±
0.4 h in the rats after intravenous injection and 4.2 ± 0.9 h after oral administrations. Gyp
XLVI had a comparatively low oral bioavailability of 4.56%.

Conclusion:

This is the first time that Gyp XLVI’s pharmacokinetic properties have been investigated
through various administration routes. These findings will aid in our understanding
of how Gyp XLVI was metabolized in rats and how it behaved pharmacologically in vivo.
Anticancer Properties of Baicalin against Breast Cancer and other
Gynecological Cancers: Therapeutic Opportunities based on Underlying
Mechanisms
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Farrokhi-Kebria Hossein , Mostanadi Parsa , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: January 2024

Gynecological cancers are serious life-threatening diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemotherapy,
radiotherapy, and surgery are considered standard therapeutic modalities for these cancers. Since the mentioned treatments have undesirable side
effects and are not effective enough, further attempts are required to explore potent complementary and/or alternative treatments. This study was
designed to review and discuss the anticancer potentials of baicalin against gynecological cancers based on causal mechanisms and underlying
pathways. Traditional medicine has been used for thousands of years in the therapy of diverse human diseases. The therapeutic effects of natural
compounds like baicalin have been widely investigated in cancer therapy. Baicalin was effective against gynecological cancers by regulating key
cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Baicalin exerted its anticancer property by regulating most molecular
signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NFκB, MAPK/ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin. However, more numerous experimental and clinical
studies should be designed to find the efficacy of baicalin and the related mechanisms of action.
Challenges and Opportunities in Mental Health Care for
Transitional Age Youth (TAY): Lessons Learned from the
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Wilson Cynthia , Van Deusen Timothy , Millard Hun , Qayyum Zheala , Parke Susan
Published: January 2024

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, began in late 2019. On
March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the virus a
pandemic, and by March 13th, 2020, the United States (US) government declared the
pandemic a national emergency and, subsequently, a global pandemic. Since then, the
world has experienced an upheaval affecting every age group in almost every aspect
of life. This was particularly true for young people. Globally, a number of studies
indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on youth mental
health measures. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2022 report showed that more than a third of high school students reported that they
experienced poor mental health during the pandemic, and 44 percent reported feeling
persistently sad or hopeless in the last 12 months. More than half (55 percent)
reported experiencing emotional abuse by a parent or other adult at home, and 11
percent reported experiencing physical abuse. In addition, more than a quarter (29
percent) reported that a parent or other adult in the home lost their job. The pandemic
upended not only daily life but also healthcare delivery throughout the world. Its vast
impact on the healthcare system has disproportionately affected transitional age youth
(TAY) between 15 to 25 years old. While the pandemic caused unprecedented
changes and challenges, it was also a learning experience that deepened our
understanding of our system of care, its strengths and vulnerabilities. This paper will
discuss many challenges and opportunities associated with the delivery of psychiatric
services for TAY in college mental health, emergency departments, and inpatient and
outpatient settings, as well as in specialized programs, such as those for early
psychotic disorders.
Strengthening Youth Resilience via Social Work Internship Placements
within Boys and Girls Clubs: A Process Evaluation
Authors: Taylor Michelle , Madrigal Leilani , Dolezal-Ng Jeremy , Cox Tory
Published: January 2024

Background:

There is a growing mental health crisis among youth in the United
States. The objective of the current study was to conduct a process evaluation of Strengthening
Youth Resilience (SYR), a unique program aimed at decreasing youth anxiety and depression via
social work internship placements within after-school programs in three historically underserved
communities in a large city in Southern California. The SYR program utilizes the School Social
Work Practice Model as a framework for interacting with youth within community settings by
providing a tiered system of service delivery.

Methods:

Focus group discussions and interviews were used to examine the unique perspectives
of social work interns, program leaders, and Boys and Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) staff.

Results:

Results emphasized the importance of trust, clear communication, and shared decisionmaking as a foundation for successful program site integration. Additionally, several unanticipated barriers to implementation arose, including difficulty obtaining informed parental consent to
work individually with youth, challenges aligning internship schedules with the fluid structure of
after-school programs, and the need for a private welcoming space to work.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the SYR program successfully integrated within BGCA sites and was
able to provide support to youth. BGCA sites expressed great satisfaction with the program and
were eager to continue and expand upon their collaboration with the local university
Emerging Neuroprotective Strategies: Unraveling the Potential of HDAC Inhibitors in Traumatic Brain Injury Management
Authors: Ye Lisha , Li Wenfeng , Tang Xiaoyan , Xu Ting , Wang Guohua
Published: January 2024

:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health problem, leading to high rates of
mortality and disability. It occurs when an external force damages the brain, causing immediate harm
and triggering further pathological processes that exacerbate the condition. Despite its widespread impact, the underlying mechanisms of TBI remain poorly understood, and there are no specific pharmacological treatments available. This creates an urgent need for new, effective neuroprotective drugs
and strategies tailored to the diverse needs of TBI patients. In the realm of gene expression regulation,
chromatin acetylation plays a pivotal role. This process is controlled by two classes of enzymes: histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). These enzymes modify lysine residues
on histone proteins, thereby determining the acetylation status of chromatin. HDACs, in particular, are
involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in TBI. Recent research has highlighted the
potential of HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) as promising neuroprotective agents. These compounds have
shown encouraging results in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases. HDACIs offer
multiple avenues for TBI management: they mitigate the neuroinflammatory response, alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, and promote neurogenesis and axonal regeneration. Additionally, they reduce glial activation, which is associated with TBI-induced neuroinflammation. This review
aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles and mechanisms of HDACs in TBI and to
evaluate the therapeutic potential of HDACIs. By summarizing current knowledge and emphasizing
the neuroregenerative capabilities of HDACIs, this review seeks to advance TBI management and contribute to the development of targeted treatments.
Analysis of income and risk of porang farming
Authors: Susrusa Ketut Budi , Wijayanti Putu Udayani , Dewi Ni Luh Prima Kemala
Published: January 2024

This research data analyzed quantitatively to find the amount of income and risk of farming. The research was conducted in Mundeh Kauh Village, West Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency and Depeha Village, Kubu Additional District, Buleleng Regency. The samples were taken from 19 Porang farmers from members of the Maju Bersama farmer group using the saturated sampling method and 11 Porang farmers from the Bali Porang Farmers Association (P3B) using the accidental sampling method. Farming income is the difference between the farming income obtained and the total farming expenditure. Farming risk is analyzed using the coefficient of variation. The research results reveal the following. The average income of Porang farming in Bali is IDR 2,130,493.46 per production cycle with an average plant population of 2,155 plants. The risk of Porang farming is classified as a large risk as indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV) value of Porang farming income of 1.96 (>0.5). The source of risk in Porang farming is the high variation in production due to exposure to tuber caterpillar attacks and falling prices due to the closure of Indonesian Porang exports due to non-fulfillment of food safety requirements in importing countries.
Oncogenic Viruses: A Comparative Evolutionary Study
Authors: Shyam Poornima
Published: January 2024

Cancer is caused by carcinogens. Among these causative agents viruses are the traceable source. Oncoviruses have both DNA and RNA as genetic material. The constant evolution of these viruses allows them to survive and thrive. HPV, HCV,HBV, HH8, EBV, HTLV, MCP are a few known carcinogenic viruses. The pathway of establishment and proliferation of the virus follows the order of initiation, promotion, and progression. Various viral proteins play a mechanistic role in the conversion of a normal cell into a neoplasm. This study is a small attempt to learn the evolutionary patterns of oncoviruses. Two common pathways of cancer are the suppression of p53 and Rb genes. This study looks at the viral proteins that perform this activity and looks at the similarity through the evolution patterns of the viral proteins. The niche of this study lies in the identification of possible targets that can collectively prevent viral cancers. Also in multiplexing targets for diagnosis. However , a common target identification from a evolutionary point of view was not established. The study however establishes that among the evolved viruses onco- proteins have similarity i.e a common pathway of evolution.
Diversity of Avian species in Upper Wardha Reservoir, Morshi, Amravati, Maharashtra
Authors: Ashwin Lunge
Published: January 2024

Birds have ecological value and constitute a vital element of the natural system, being important bio-indicators of the ecosystem. They also play an important role in seed dispersion, pest control and food chain. As there is a lack of data regarding avian diversity and its abundance in large reservoirs, the present study was carried out to determine the diversity and abundance of avian fauna at the Upper Wardha Reservoir of Maharashtra State, India. Five stations were selected and data were recorded from each station. Each site was visited four times in a month and point count method was used to collect the data. Total 151 bird species were recorded. Out of which, 84 species (belonging to 20 families), were of wetland birds and 67 species (belonging to 22 families) were wetland associated. The diversity indices, species evenness, relative density and abundance were studied. In this study, probably for the first time, we have recorded the significant sighting of Greater white-fronted goose. We also recorded occasional sighting of Grey lag goose, Barr headed goose, Oriental pratincole and Glossy ibis. It was also found that freshwater reservoir acts as a suitable habitat for significant avian diversity and species richness.
Machine Learning in Healthcare Technology: Insights, Challenges, Roles and Applications
Authors: Sathvik R. Naga
Published: January 2024

In today’s ever-changing world, Machine Learning (ML) has become significantly important. It is reshaping what we thought was not going to be possible. Data plays a crucial role in this era. Thus, data is essential in various advanced technologies, like IoT devices, web services, deep learning models, and the expansion of Artificial Intelligence. This paper aims to explore Machine Learning by starting with an overview and then getting into its nature and overall mission. It discusses various factors such as transparency issues, scalability issues, and security issues that come with Machine Learning, also suggesting various techniques to overcome these concerns effectively. Furthermore, this article also highlights real-world examples which describe the impact of Machine Learning across various domains. It also describes the various kinds of learning in ML and the importance of data in ML—the Impact of Machine Learning in Industries: Enhancing Decision-Making Techniques. Along these, this includes applications, advantages, and disadvantages of ML. In conclusion, this article aims to deliver a detailed overview of Machine Learning in today’s context and its developments.
O que Persiste na Imagem-Escombro?
Authors: Paim Flora
Published: January 2024

Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado — o espaço doméstico — e o que é público — o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.
Synthesis of NaA Zeolite: Conventional Route and Green Route
Authors: Barbosa Antusia dos Santos , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia Freire
Published: January 2024

The research describes a sustainable approach for the synthesis of zeolite NaA using kaolin as an alternative source of silica. The main objective of this research was to prepare NaA zeolite using metakaolin derived from kaolin from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, as an alternative source of silica, reducing the production cost and evaluating its thermal stability. In addition, a study of the thermal stability of the zeolite and cost estimates for zeolite production were carried out. Traditional methods of zeolite synthesis, mainly through hydrothermal processes, are often associated with high costs, waste generation, and negative environmental impacts. This work addresses these concerns by exploring a more sustainable approach. The kaolin used in the study was characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. These techniques help confirm the composition and properties of the raw material. NaA zeolite was synthesized by replacing sodium silicate with metakaolin using the hydrothermal synthesis method. The NaA zeolite was characterized by XRD and IR, which helped verify its purity and structural order. The study's results demonstrated that kaolin waste mainly consists of kaolinite, which suggests that it can be effectively used as a source of silica. Furthermore, the research successfully produced low-cost NaA zeolite in a relatively short synthesis time, achieving high purity and structural order. The study highlights the potential of using kaolin waste as a sustainable source of silica for zeolite production, helping to minimize environmental impacts and reduce processing costs compared to traditional methods. This work presents a promising and sustainable method for producing NaA zeolite from kaolin waste, which has the potential to contribute to cost reduction, waste reduction, and improved environmental sustainability in zeolite production processes. This research is aligned with the broader goals of reducing the ecological footprint of industrial processes while maintaining product quality and efficiency.
Occupational Therapy Students’ Evidence-Based Practice Skills as Reported in a Mobile App: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Johnson Susanne G , Espehaug Birgitte , Larun Lillebeth , Ciliska Donna , Olsen Nina Rydland
Published: January 2024

Background

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important aspect of the health care education curriculum. EBP involves following the 5 EBP steps: ask, assess, appraise, apply, and audit. These 5 steps reflect the suggested core competencies covered in teaching and learning programs to support future health care professionals applying EBP. When implementing EBP teaching, assessing outcomes by documenting the student’s performance and skills is relevant. This can be done using mobile devices.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess occupational therapy students’ EBP skills as reported in a mobile app.

Methods

We applied a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequencies, percentages, means, and ranges of data regarding EBP skills found in the EBPsteps app. Associations between students’ ability to formulate the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome/Population, Interest, and Context (PICO/PICo) elements and identifying relevant research evidence were analyzed with the chi-square test.

Results

Of 4 cohorts with 150 students, 119 (79.3%) students used the app and produced 240 critically appraised topics (CATs) in the app. The EBP steps “ask,” “assess,” and “appraise” were often correctly performed. The clinical question was formulated correctly in 53.3% (128/240) of the CATs, and students identified research evidence in 81.2% (195/240) of the CATs. Critical appraisal checklists were used in 81.2% (195/240) of the CATs, and most of these checklists were assessed as relevant for the type of research evidence identified (165/195, 84.6%). The least frequently correctly reported steps were “apply” and “audit.” In 39.6% (95/240) of the CATs, it was reported that research evidence was applied. Only 61% (58/95) of these CATs described how the research was applied to clinical practice. Evaluation of practice changes was reported in 38.8% (93/240) of the CATs. However, details about practice changes were lacking in all these CATs. A positive association was found between correctly reporting the "population" and "interventions/interest" elements of the PICO/PICo and identifying research evidence (P<.001).

Conclusions

We assessed the students’ EBP skills based on how they documented following the EBP steps in the EBPsteps app, and our results showed variations in how well the students mastered the steps. “Apply” and “audit” were the most difficult EBP steps for the students to perform, and this finding has implications and gives directions for further development of the app and educational instruction in EBP. The EBPsteps app is a new and relevant app for students to learn and practice EBP, and it can be used to assess students’ EBP skills objectively.