bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oferta de leña en bosques nativos altoandinos de la Cordillera del Vilcanota-Cusco
Authors: Gil Mora Juan E. , Sánchez–Valenzuela Graciela , Baca–Flores Jesús A. , Gil–Rodríguez Erick F.
Published: January 2022

Las especies leñosas tienen importancia en la economía de las comunidades campesinas altoandinas del Cusco, desde hace décadas se observa la creciente escasez de leña para uso doméstico. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la oferta de leña que brindan los bosques nativos en los altos andes en las dos zonas de trabajo. El estudio se desarrolló en bosques nativos ubicados por encima de los 3200 m de altitud en la cordillera del Vilcanota, en las microcuencas de los ríos Patacancha y Málaga, (distrito de Ollantaytambo, Provincia de Urubamba) y los ríos Lares (distrito de Lares) y Warán (distrito de Calca), ambos en la provincia de Calca; la información se obtuvo mediante trabajos de campo e investigación participativa utilizando transectos en banda y parcelas cuadradas; para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. Se evaluaron 829 hectáreas de bosques pertenecientes a 20 bosquetes clasificados como bosques mixtos con 510 ha; 159 ha de bosques de Polylepis; 135 ha, de matorral espinoso y 25 ha de rodales. La densidad ecológica determinada fue de 580,75 árboles/ha y la oferta de leña total calculada es de 215,70 t/ha; en las comunidades ubicadas entre 3200 y 3500 m de altitud, los bosques mixtos, matorrales espinosos y asociaciones interespecíficas, son los que proporcionan madera y leña en cantidades aún suficientes para el requerimiento de las comunidades; en cambio, en los bosques localizados por encima de los 3500 m de altitud, las especies de Polylepis son las que proveen las mayores ofertas de leña.
The Morphological Researches in The Book “Al-Taa’liq Al-Sabeeh On Mishkatil Masabeeh” By Muhammad Idris Al-Kandhlawi (Died 1394 A.H)
Authors: Muhammed Ban Nawaf , Rahibi Qassem Mish’aan
Published: January 2022

Our research aims to show the morphological aspect of the Sabeeh comment, especially in which the morphological semantic signs are such as alternating between morphological forms, by making the singular on a specific weight and the meaning of another meaning. He also showed the morphological transformations transmitted in the folds of the book, such as the signs, substitutions, diminutives, and proportions.
Crisis y decadencia civilizatoria: El Capital y las mistificaciones sistémicas de la Covid-19
Authors: Valqui Cachi Camilo , Romero Adame Irma
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo epistémico se orienta a desentrañar la pandemia Covid-19, a partir de someter a crítica la esencia, dialéctica y complejidad del capitalismo, productor también de pandemias sistémicas y cuya civilización enfrenta no únicamente una crisis mundial sino también registra una decadencia que desborda barbarie y pone en relieve los límites históricos del capital. En este contexto es fundamental tratar la etiología, génesis, metamorfosis, efectos y alternativas de solución de la Covid-19, así como diluir las falacias que encarnan sus correspondientes mistificaciones sistémicas, para eludir el análisis de su razón ser. Nuestro objetivo en este sentido es contribuir a la construcción de conciencias desalienadas que asuman la crítica teórica y la crítica práctica al capital rumbo hacia una comunidad libre de la Humanidad y la Madre Naturaleza.
Dios y la lógica del absurdo. Una visión sobre la naturaleza humana y su condición en la filosofía de Albert Camus
Authors: Iglesias Marrero Andrés Abel
Published: January 2022

Los albores del pensamiento camusiano proyectan la existencia de una impresión equiparable a la experiencia estética en el ser humano, que es dada a conocer como el absurdo. A grandes rasgos consiste en un estado de contradicción propiciado por el divorcio -o la desproporción que existe-, entre el hombre y el mundo que le rodea, expresado en la relación entre las intenciones de aquel y la mudez de la realidad que le circunda. Pero además de su entorno, uno de los más grandes misterios para el hombre es precisamente el de su propia naturaleza. Resulta atrevido el intento de una definición, sin embargo, la obra de Albert Camus propone una visión que vincula la propia existencia del hombre a una de sus facultades esenciales: la razón. Por ello, la contribución del presente artículo es entrelazar la noción camusiana del absurdo con la de naturaleza del hombre y la condición humana, sin pasar por alto la de Dios y su relevancia para un análisis original y diferenciado. La importancia de desarrollar este tema radica en que el pensamiento contemporáneo no es ajeno a las cuestiones sobre el hombre, su naturaleza y su condición, y rescatar el valor que atesora la filosofía de Albert Camus es indispensable en una línea de pensamiento que hasta el día de hoy permanece inconclusa.
G7 ÜLKELERİNİN LOJİSTİK ETKİNLİK VE VERİMLİLİK PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Furkan Fahri
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, G7 ülkelerine göre Lojistik Performans Endeksi’ni belirleyen bileşenlerin önemlilik dereceleri (ağırlık katsayıları) ile ülkelerin lojistik etkinlik ve verimlilik performanslarını tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Araştırmada en son ve güncel olan 2018 yılı için ülkelerin Lojistik Performans Endeksi bileşenlerine ait değerler üzerinden ülkelere göre bileşenlerin önemlilik dereceleri Entropi, ülkelerin lojistik etkinlik performanslarını Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ve son olarak ülkelerin lojistik verimlilik performansı ise Entropi tabanlı EATWIOS (Efficiency Analysis Technique with Input and Output Satisfaction) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgulara göre, ülkelere göre lojistik performansı belirleyen en önemli bileşenin uluslararası nakliyat olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yine bulgulara göre, Almanya hariç tüm ülkeler lojistik etkinlik performansını sağlayabilmişlerdir. Ülkelerin lojistik verimlilik performans değerleri ise Japonya, ABD, Almanya, Fransa, İtalya, Kanada ve Birleşik Krallık olarak sıralanmıştır. Ayrıca ülkelerin lojistik performans, lojistik etkinlik performansı ile lojistik verimlilik performans sıralamalarının farklı ve birbirleri ile olan ilişki değerlerinin anlamsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Literatür değerlendirildiğinde, ülkelerin lojistik etkinlik ve verimlilik performans değerlerini bir arada ölçen bir araştırmaya rastlanılmamasından dolayı araştırmanın literatüre katkı sağladığı değerlendirilmiştir.
MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PASSENGERS' ADOPTION OF RIDE-HAILING SERVICES
Authors: Etuk Dr. Samuel , James Edim Eka , Joseph Dr. Uduak E.
Published: January 2022

This study examined marketing strategies and passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. Its specific aim was to assess the influences of marketing communication, service quality, relationship marketing, and E-marketing strategies on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A structured questionnaire was adapted to obtain primary data from 277 passengers of Bolt ride-hailing service, while multiple linear regression was adopted to test the hypotheses developed for the study. Consequently, the study found that relationship marketing strategy had the highest significant positive effect on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services, followed chronologically by E-marketing, service quality, and marketing communications. Therefore, the study concluded that marketing strategies have a significant and positive influence on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. The study further made practical implications and provided an agenda for future research.
Keywords: Marketing Strategies, Passengers’ Adoption, Ride-Hailing, Ride-Sharing.
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MI NW KARANG BATA KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Karim Siti Ruqoiyyah , Wulandari Rizki Isma
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perhatian peneliti terhadap kesulitan belajar matematika pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Dengan adanya kesulitan belajar siswa, maka perlu adanya strategi yang tepat dari guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan tersebutPenelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan memberikan makna terhadap data yang telah berhasil dikumpulkan, sedangkan teknik keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi teknik, waktu dan sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: strategi guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar matematika pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di kelas IV MI NW Karang Bata adalah dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran Ekspositori dan strategi pembelajaran Kooperatif. Selain itu strategi guru kelas IV yang membedakan dengan guru lain adalah (a) guru memastikan kesiapan belajar siswa, (b) guru menggunakan media pembelajaran dengan benda-benda nyata, (c) permasalahan yang diberikan merupakan permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, (d) tingkat kesulitan masalah sesuai dengan kemampuan anak, dan (e) memberi kebebasan kepada anak untuk menyelesaikan masalah, serta (f) menghilangkan rasa takut siswa untuk belajar matematik
Improving Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes with the Number Head Together (NHT) Cooperative Learning Model in Social Studies Thematic Subjects at MI NW Kalijaga
Authors: Jannah Nikmatul , Hayaturraiyan Hayaturraiyan
Published: January 2022

Conventional learning (cermah), is known to have not been able to achieve maximum learning objectives. This can be seen from the low classical learning outcomes of MI NW Kalijaga students, based on the results of pre-cycle data conducted by the researchers, it shows that only 30% of students understand learning well in social studies learning. Classroom action research (CAR), aims to improve the learning process and determine student cognitive learning outcomes after the implementation of the Numbered Head Together (NHT)N Cooperative learning model in the Thematic subjects of Social Sciences (IPS). This research uses a qualitative approach, the type used is Pre-Experimental Design. The subjects of this study were students of class IV B MI NW Kalijaga totaling 24 students consisting of 15 boys and 9 girls. The results obtained during the implementation of this research is an increase in learning outcomes from the data before the implementation of the action. In the first cycle the average value of the class has reached 64 with 53% learning completeness and in the second cycle it has been obtained an increase to an average of 73 with 81% classical learning completeness. The final conclusion that can be conveyed is that the application of the NHT type cooperative learning model can improve learning outcomes.
Application of the Hand Movement Method to Improve Students' Memory in Memorizing Lafadz and Translation of Surah Al-Qadr
Authors: Demolinsara Demolinsara , Munir Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe improving students' memory in memorizing lafadz and translation of Surah Al-Qadr through the application of the hand movement method in learning Al-Qur'an Hadith at MI NW Kalijaga. The subjects of this research were 14 students of class VB. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which uses the Kemmis & Mc Taggart (1998) model, each cycle consisting of four steps, namely (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation and (4) reflection. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and tests. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the hand gesture method could improve students' memorization of the Al-Qur'an Hadith subjects in the Al-Qadr surah material. In the pre-cycle, it showed that out of 14 students, only 4 students had fulfilled the KBM (72%) with an average score of 58.57 and a percentage of 29%. Cycle I there is an increase in completeness to 7 students with an average value of 61.07 and a percentage of 50%. In the second cycle the increase increased to 12 students with an average value of 83.28 and a percentage of 86%.
La mujer: ¿en busca de la identidad perdida?
Authors: Jiménez Abad Andrés
Published: January 2022

Elisabeth Badinter, tras criticar a finales del siglo XX un feminismo que se había encastillado en el victimismo a ultranza, reclama una conquista de la igualdad para las mujeres que no ponga en peligro sus relaciones con los hombres. Coincide así con destacadas feministas que insisten en una mayor valoración de la feminidad. A la vista de la pugna suscitada actualmente entre el feminismo de género y el transfeminismo, por un lado, con mayoritarios sectores del “feminismo tradicional”, por otro, no parece descabellado reclamar una revisión de las bases antropológicas del feminismo, lo que incluye una mejor comprensión de lo que significa ser persona (masculina y femenina) y de una noción tan mal entendida por la Modernidad como es la de naturaleza humana.
ALAT PENDETEKSI GAS AMONIAK PADA KAMAR MANDI BERBASIS ARDUINO (Studi Kasus di Hotel Wisma Menoreh Sampangan Semarang)
Authors: Achmad Abdul Charis
Published: January 2022

This research generally aims to design a system that can overcome the problem at Wisma Menoreh Sampangan Hotel Semarang. In addition to the process of using bathroom equipment, a gas controller is needed in the bathroom, especially the ammonia and other gas levels in the bathroom . The bathroom control system at the Wisma Menoreh Sampangan Hotel in Semarang is currently considered ineffective, in the use of the bathroom equipment to hotel guests and hotel staff.The research method that I use is a Research and Development (R&D) research method that goes through stages of preliminary studies, planning, product development, testing, product design, product revision, and product testing. This system is made with the Arduino programming language. Based on the analysis, the ammonia gas detector in the Arduino-based bathroom can overcome the existing problems and help the hotel in controlling the bathroom, both to guests and hotel staff effectively and efficiently, as well as making it easier to manage bathroom rooms in the Hotel Wisma Menoreh Sampangan Semarang.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SERVIS DAN REPARASI MOBIL BERBASIS SISTEM PAKAR (Studi Kasus di SMK Kyai Ageng Pandanaran)
Authors: Nagasus Indrawan , Fujiama Diapoldo Silalahi
Published: January 2022

SMK Kyai Ageng Pandanaran Semarang  is one of the private vocational high school that want to improve quality of teaching and learning to produce quality graduates. During these teaching and learning methods that are used less than maximum, students are easily saturated, study time is limited and there are no facilities for new teachers to learn service and auto repair material  efficiently. The authors develop a learning media services and auto repair expert system based that aims to resolve the issue.

Learning media is developed by prototype approach. Expert system technology advanced trace method is applied into the learning media through   the facilities of diagnosis and troubleshooting to help new teachers and student learning to identify the damage automobile. Database can be managed and updated by senior teachers by utilizing the MySQL database and PHP programming language. In addition, this learning media also features video demonstration of the *.swf file and the theoretical material in the form of a *.pdf file.

The results of the development has produced a new system of web-based expert system as a supplement learning media services and auto repair in the process of teaching and learning activities.
Secondary organic aerosol and organic nitrogen yields from the nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation of alpha-pinene from various RO2 fates
Authors: Bates Kelvin H. , Burke Guy J. P. , Cope James D. , Nguyen Tran B.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The reaction of α-pinene with NO3 is an important
sink of both α-pinene and NO3 at night in regions with mixed
biogenic and anthropogenic emissions; however, there is debate on its
importance for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and reactive nitrogen budgets
in the atmosphere. Previous experimental studies have generally observed low
or zero SOA formation, often due to excessive [NO3] conditions. Here,
we characterize the SOA and organic nitrogen formation from α-pinene + NO3 as a function of nitrooxy peroxy (nRO2) radical fates with
HO2, NO, NO3, and RO2 in an atmospheric chamber. We show that
SOA yields are not small when the nRO2 fate distribution in the chamber
mimics that in the atmosphere, and the formation of pinene nitrooxy
hydroperoxide (PNP) and related organonitrates in the ambient atmosphere can be
reproduced. Nearly all SOA from α-pinene + NO3 chemistry
derives from the nRO2+ RO2 pathway, which alone has an SOA mass
yield of 56 (±7) %. Molecular composition analysis shows that
particulate nitrates are a large (60 %–70 %) portion of the SOA and that
dimer formation is the primary mechanism of SOA production from α-pinene + NO3 under simulated nighttime conditions. Synergistic
dimerization between nRO2 and RO2 derived from ozonolysis and OH
oxidation also contribute to SOA formation and should be considered in
models. We report a 58 (±20) % molar yield of PNP from the
nRO2+ HO2 pathway. Applying these laboratory constraints to
model simulations of summertime conditions observed in the southeast United
States (where 80 % of α-pinene is lost via NO3 oxidation,
leading to 20 % nRO2+ RO2 and 45 % nRO2+ HO2), we estimate yields of 11 % SOA and 7 % particulate nitrate by mass
and 26 % PNP by mole from α-pinene + NO3 in the ambient atmosphere.
These results suggest that α-pinene + NO3 significantly
contributes to the SOA budget and likely constitutes a major removal
pathway of reactive nitrogen from the nighttime boundary layer in mixed
biogenic–anthropogenic areas.
Improving thermodynamic profile retrievals from microwave radiometers by including radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) observations
Authors: Djalalova Irina V. , Turner David D. , Bianco Laura , Wilczak James M. , Duncan James , Adler Bianca , Gottas Daniel
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Thermodynamic profiles are often retrieved from the multi-wavelength
brightness temperature observations made by microwave radiometers (MWRs)
using regression methods (linear, quadratic approaches), artificial
intelligence (neural networks), or physical iterative methods. Regression
and neural network methods are tuned to mean conditions derived from a
climatological dataset of thermodynamic profiles collected nearby. In
contrast, physical iterative retrievals use a radiative transfer model
starting from a climatologically reasonable profile of temperature and water
vapor, with the model running iteratively until the derived brightness
temperatures match those observed by the MWR within a specified uncertainty. In this study, a physical iterative approach is used to retrieve temperature
and humidity profiles from data collected during XPIA (eXperimental
Planetary boundary layer Instrument Assessment), a field campaign held from
March to May 2015 at NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) facility.
During the campaign, several passive and active remote sensing instruments
as well as in situ platforms were deployed and evaluated to determine their
suitability for the verification and validation of meteorological processes.
Among the deployed remote sensing instruments were a multi-channel MWR as
well as two radio acoustic sounding systems (RASSs) associated with 915
and 449 MHz wind profiling radars. In this study the physical iterative approach is tested with different
observational inputs: first using data from surface sensors and the MWR in
different configurations and then including data from the RASS in the
retrieval with the MWR data. These temperature retrievals are assessed
against co-located radiosonde profiles. Results show that the combination of the MWR and RASS observations in the retrieval allows for a more accurate characterization of low-level temperature inversions and that these retrieved temperature profiles match the radiosonde observations better than
the temperature profiles retrieved from only the MWR in the layer between
the surface and 3 km above ground level (a.g.l.). Specifically, in this layer
of the atmosphere, both root mean square errors and standard deviations of
the difference between radiosonde and retrievals that combine MWR and RASS
are improved by mostly 10 %–20 % compared to the configuration that does not
include RASS observations. Pearson correlation coefficients are also
improved. A comparison of the temperature physical retrievals to the
manufacturer-provided neural network retrievals is provided in Appendix A.
Characterisation of the Manchester Aerosol Chamber facility
Authors: Shao Yunqi , Wang Yu , Du Mao , Voliotis Aristeidis , Alfarra M. Rami , O'Meara Simon P. , Turner S. Fiona , McFiggans Gordon
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study describes the design of the Manchester Aerosol Chamber (MAC), initially developed in 2005 and presents for the first time its comprehensive characterisation. The MAC is designed to investigate multi-phase chemistry and the evolution of aerosol physico-chemical properties from the real-world emissions (e.g. diesel engine, plants) or of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced from pure volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Additionally, the generated aerosol particles in the MAC can be transferred to the Manchester Ice Cloud Chamber (MICC), which enables investigation of cloud formation in warm, mixed-phase, and fully glaciated conditions (with temperature, T, as low as −55 ∘C). The MAC is an 18 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon chamber with the potential to conduct experiments at controlled temperature (15–35 ∘C) and relative humidity (RH; 25 %–80 %) under simulated solar radiation or dark conditions. Detailed characterisations were conducted at common experimental conditions (25 ∘C, 50 % RH) for actinometry and determination of background contamination, wall losses of gases (NO2, O3, and selected VOCs), aerosol particles at different sizes, chamber wall reactivity, and aerosol formation. In addition, the influences of chamber contamination on the wall loss rate of gases and particles and the photolysis of NO2 were estimated.
Evaluation of statistical climate reconstruction methods based on pseudoproxy experiments using linear and machine learning methods
Authors: Zhang Zeguo , Wagner Sebastian , Klockmann Marlene , Zorita Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Three different climate field reconstruction (CFR) methods employed to reconstruct North Atlantic-European (NAE) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer season temperature over the past millennium from proxy records are tested in the framework of pseudoproxy experiments derived from three climate simulations with Earth System Models. Two of these methods are traditional multivariate linear methods (Principal Components Regression, PCR and Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA), whereas the third method (Bidirectional Long-Short-Term Memory Neural Network, Bi-LSTM) belongs to the category of machine learning methods. The Bi-LSTM method does not need to assume linear and temporally stable relationships between the underlying proxy network and the targeted climate field, in contrast to PCR and CCA. In addition, Bi-LSTM incorporates information on the serial correlation of the time series. All three methods tested herein achieve reasonable reconstruction performance in both spatial and temporal scale. Generally, the reconstruction skill is higher in regions with denser proxy coverage, but reconstruction skill is also achieved in proxy-free areas due to climate teleconnections. All three CFR methodologies generally tend to more strongly underestimate the target temperature variations as more noise is introduced into the pseudoproxies. The Bi-LSTM method tested in our experiments shows relatively worse reconstruction skills compared to PCR and CCA, yet it brings some encouraging results on capturing extreme cooling climate signals. This indicates that this nonlinear CFR method could be a potential methodology for past climate extremes analysis.
South American Monsoon variability over the last millennium in paleoclimate records and isotope-enabled climate models
Authors: Orrison Rebecca , Vuille Mathias , Smerdon Jason E. , Apaéstegui James , Campos Jose Leandro P. S. , Cruz Francisco W. , Della Libera Marcela Eduarda
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is the main driver of regional hydroclimate variability across tropical and subtropical South America. It is best recorded on paleoclimatic timescales by stable oxygen isotope proxies, which are more spatially representative of regional hydroclimate than proxies for local precipitation alone. Network studies of proxies that can isolate regional influences lend particular insight into various environmental characteristics that modulate hydroclimate, such as atmospheric circulation variability and changes in the regional energy budget as well as understanding the climate system sensitivity to external forcings. To extract the coherent modes of variability of the SAMS over the Last Millennium (LM), we use a Monte Carlo Empirical Orthogonal Function (MCEOF) decomposition of 14 δ18O proxy records and compare them with modes extracted from a similar decomposition using isotope-enabled climate models. The two leading modes reflect the isotopic expression of the upper-tropospheric monsoon circulation (Bolivian High – Nordeste Low waveguide) and the latitudinal displacement of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), respectively. The spatial characteristics of these modes appear to be robust features of the LM hydroclimate over South America and are reproduced both in the proxy data and in isotope-enabled climate models, regardless of the nature of the model-imposed external forcing. Model analyses suggests that the local isotopic composition is primarily a reflection of an upstream rainout processes. The proxy data document that the SAMS was characterized by considerable temporal variability throughout the LM, with significant departures from the mean state during both the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). The monsoon was intensified during the LIA over the central and western parts of tropical South America and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) was displaced to the southwest. These centennial-scale changes in monsoon intensity over the LM are underestimated in climate models, complicating the attribution of changes on these timescales to specific forcings and pointing toward areas of important model development.
Weakened impact of the Atlantic Niño on the future equatorial Atlantic and Guinea Coast rainfall
Authors: Worou Koffi , Goosse Hugues , Fichefet Thierry , Kucharski Fred
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Guinea Coast is the southern part of the West African continent. Its summer rainfall variability mostly occurs on interannual timescales and is highly influenced by the sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, which is the centre of action of the Atlantic Niño mode. Using both historical and scenario (SSP5–8.5) simulations from 31 general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we first show that these models present a wet bias during boreal summer. This bias is associated with overly high mean boreal summer SSTs in the eastern equatorial and south Atlantic regions. Next, we analyse the near-term, mid-term and long-term changes of the Atlantic Niño relative to the present-day situation, in a climate with a high anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases. We find a gradual decrease in the equatorial Atlantic SST anomalies associated with the Atlantic Niño in the future. This result reflects a possible reduction of the Atlantic Niño variability in the future due to a weakening of the Bjerknes feedback over the equatorial Atlantic. In a warmer climate, an anomalous higher sea level pressure in the western equatorial Atlantic relative to the eastern equatorial Atlantic weakens the climatological trade winds over the equatorial Atlantic. As a result, the eastern equatorial Atlantic thermocline is deeper and responds less to the Atlantic Niño events. Among the models that simulate a realistic rainfall pattern associated with the Atlantic Niño in the present-day climate, there are 12 GCMs which project a long-term decrease in the Guinea Coast rainfall response related to the Atlantic Niño. In these models, the zonal 850 hPa wind response to the Atlantic Niño over the equatorial Atlantic is strongly attenuated in the future climate. We also find that 12 other GCMs show no robust change in the patterns associated with the Atlantic Niño. There is a higher confidence in the mid-term and long-term reduction of the rainfall associated with the Atlantic Niño over the Atlantic Ocean than over the Guinea Coast. We also found a projected decrease in the convection associated with the Atlantic Niño in the majority of the models.
Isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater during EUREC4A
Authors: Bailey Adriana , Aemisegger Franziska , Villiger Leonie , Los Sebastian A. , Reverdin Gilles , Quiñones Meléndez Estefanía , Acquistapace Claudia , Baranowski Dariusz B. , Böck Tobias , Bony Sandrine , Bordsdorff Tobias , Coffman Derek , de Szoeke Simon P. , Diekmann Christopher J. , Dütsch Marina , Ertl Benjamin , Galewsky Joseph , Henze Dean , Makuch Przemyslaw , Noone David , Quinn Patricia K. , ​​Rösch Michael , Schneider Andreas , Schneider Matthias , Speich Sabrina , Stevens Bjorn , Thompson Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In early 2020, an international team set out to investigate trade wind cumulus and their coupling to the large-scale circulation through the field campaign EUREC4A: ElUcidating the RolE of Clouds‐Circulation Coupling in ClimAte. Focused on the western tropical Atlantic near Barbados, EUREC4A deployed a number of innovative observational strategies, including a large network of water isotopic measurements, to study the tropical shallow convective environment. The goal of the isotopic measurements was to elucidate processes that regulate the hydroclimate state – for example, by identifying moisture sources, quantifying mixing between atmospheric layers, characterizing the microphysics that influence the formation and persistence of clouds and precipitation, and providing an extra constraint in the evaluation of numerical simulations. During EUREC4A, researchers deployed seven water vapor isotopic analyzers on two aircraft, on three ships, and at the Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO). Precipitation was also collected for isotopic analysis at BCO and from aboard four ships. In addition, three ships collected seawater for isotopic analysis. All told, the in situ data span the period 5 January through 22 February 2020 and cover the approximate area 6 to 16° N and −50 to −60° W. Moreover, water vapor isotope ratios were measured from a few meters to nearly 8 km above sea level. This paper describes the full EUREC4A isotopic in situ data collection – providing extensive information about sampling strategies and data uncertainties – and also guides readers to complementary remotely sensed water vapor isotope ratios. DOIs for the multiple isotopic datasets are provided in Sect. 5 Data Availability.
MPR 1.0: a stand-alone multiscale parameter regionalization tool for improved parameter estimation of land surface models
Authors: Schweppe Robert , Thober Stephan , Müller Sebastian , Kelbling Matthias , Kumar Rohini , Attinger Sabine , Samaniego Luis
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Distributed environmental models such as land surface models (LSMs) require
model parameters in each spatial modeling unit (e.g., grid cell), thereby
leading to a high-dimensional parameter space. One approach to decrease
the dimensionality of the parameter space in these models is to use
regularization techniques. One such highly efficient technique is the
multiscale parameter regionalization (MPR) framework that translates
high-resolution predictor variables (e.g., soil textural properties) into
model parameters (e.g., porosity) via transfer functions (TFs) and
upscaling operators that are suitable for every modeled process. This
framework yields seamless model parameters at multiple scales and
locations in an effective manner. However, integration of MPR into
existing modeling workflows has been hindered thus far by hard-coded
configurations and non-modular software designs. For these reasons, we
redesigned MPR as a model-agnostic, stand-alone tool. It is a useful
software for creating graphs of NetCDF variables, wherein each node is a
variable and the links consist of TFs and/or upscaling operators. In this
study, we present and verify our tool against a previous version, which
was implemented in the mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM; https://www.ufz.de/mhm, last access: 16 January 2022). By using this tool for the generation of
continental-scale soil hydraulic parameters applicable to different models
(Noah-MP and HTESSEL), we showcase its general functionality and
flexibility. Further, using model parameters estimated by the MPR tool
leads to significant changes in long-term estimates of evapotranspiration,
as compared to their default parameterizations. For example, a change of
up to 25 % in long-term evapotranspiration flux is observed in Noah-MP and
HTESSEL in the Mississippi River basin. We postulate that use of the
stand-alone MPR tool will considerably increase the transparency and
reproducibility of the parameter estimation process in distributed
(environmental) models. It will also allow a rigorous uncertainty
estimation related to the errors of the predictors (e.g., soil texture
fields), transfer function and its parameters, and remapping (or
upscaling) algorithms.
The tidal effects in the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2.1): a comparison between parameterised tidal mixing and explicit tidal forcing
Authors: Song Pengyang , Sidorenko Dmitry , Scholz Patrick , Thomas Maik , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Tides are proved to have a significant effect on the ocean and climate. Previous modelling research either adds a tidal mixing parameterisation or an explicit tidal forcing to the ocean models. However, no research compares the two approaches in the same framework. Here we implement both schemes into a general ocean circulation model and assess both methods by comparing the results. The aspects for comparison involve hydrography, sea ice, mixed layer depth, Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), vertical diffusivity, barotropic streamfunction and energy diagnostics. We conclude that although the mesh resolution is poor in resolving internal tides in most mid-latitude and shelf-break areas, explicit tidal forcing still shows stronger tidal mixing at the Kuril–Aleutian Ridge and the Indonesian Archipelago than the tidal mixing parameterisation. Beyond that, the explicit tidal forcing method leads to a stronger upper cell of the Atlantic MOC by enhancing the Pacific MOC and the Indonesian Throughflow. Meanwhile, the tidal mixing parameterisation leads to a stronger lower cell of the Atlantic MOC due to the tidal mixing in deep oceans. Both methods maintain the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at a higher level than the control run by increasing the meridional density gradient but with different mechanisms. We also show several phenomena that are not considered in the tidal mixing parameterisation, for example, the changing of energy budgets in the ocean system, the bottom drag induced mixing on the continental shelves, and the sea ice transport by tidal motions. Due to the limit of computational capacity, an internal-tide-resolving simulation is not feasible for climate studies. However, a high-resolution short-term tidal simulation is still required to improve parameters and parameterisation schemes in climate studies.
Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above- and below-ground watershed heterogeneity and functions
Authors: Wainwright Haruko M. , Uhlemann Sebastian , Franklin Maya , Falco Nicola , Bouskill Nicholas J. , Newcomer Michelle E. , Dafflon Baptiste , Siirila-Woodburn Erica R. , Minsley Burke J. , Williams Kenneth H. , Hubbard Susan S.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In this study, we develop a watershed zonation approach
for characterizing watershed organization and functions in a tractable
manner by integrating multiple spatial data layers. We hypothesize that (1) a hillslope is an appropriate unit for capturing the watershed-scale
heterogeneity of key bedrock-through-canopy properties and for quantifying the co-variability of these properties representing coupled ecohydrological
and biogeochemical interactions, (2) remote sensing data layers and clustering methods can be used to identify watershed hillslope zones having
the unique distributions of these properties relative to neighboring parcels, and (3) property suites associated with the identified zones can be
used to understand zone-based functions, such as response to early snowmelt
or drought and solute exports to the river. We demonstrate this concept using unsupervised clustering methods that synthesize airborne remote
sensing data (lidar, hyperspectral, and electromagnetic surveys) along with satellite and streamflow data collected in the East River Watershed, Crested
Butte, Colorado, USA. Results show that (1) we can define the scale of
hillslopes at which the hillslope-averaged metrics can capture the majority
of the overall variability in key properties (such as elevation, net
potential annual radiation, and peak snow-water equivalent – SWE), (2) elevation and aspect are independent controls on plant and snow signatures, (3) near-surface bedrock electrical resistivity (top 20 m) and geological structures are
significantly correlated with surface topography and plan species
distribution, and (4) K-means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian mixture
clustering methods generate similar zonation patterns across the watershed.
Using independently collected data, we show that the identified zones
provide information about zone-based watershed functions, including
foresummer drought sensitivity and river nitrogen exports. The approach is
expected to be applicable to other sites and generally useful for guiding
the selection of hillslope-experiment locations and informing model
parameterization.
Wind-driven upwelling and surface nutrient delivery in a semi-enclosed coastal sea
Authors: Moore-Maley Ben , Allen Susan E.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Wind-driven upwelling is an important control on surface nutrients and water properties in stratified lakes and seas. In this study, a high-resolution biophysical coupled model is used to investigate upwelling in the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast. The model is forced with surface winds from a high-resolution atmospheric forecast and has been tuned in previous studies to reproduce extensive observations of water level, temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll with competitive skill relative to similar models of the study region. A total of 5 years of hourly surface nitrate and temperature fields are analyzed in order to characterize the dominant upwelling patterns of the basin. A prevailing along-axis wind pattern steered by mountainous topography produces episodic upwelling along the western shore during the spring and fall southeasterlies and along the eastern shore during the summer northwesterlies, as indicated by positive nitrate anomalies. Principal component analysis reveals that these cross-axis upwelling patterns account for nearly one-third of the surface nitrate variance during the summer productive season. By contrast, nearly half of the surface temperature variance over the same period is dominated by a single, combined mixing and diurnal heating–cooling pattern. The principal components associated with these patterns correlate with along-axis wind stress in a manner consistent with these physical interpretations. The cross-axis upwelling response to wind is similar to other dynamically wide basins where the baroclinic Rossby deformation radius is smaller than the basin width. However, the nitrate anomaly during upwelling along the eastern shore is stronger in the northern basin, which may be indicative of an along-axis pycnocline tilt or an effect of the background along-axis stratification gradient due to the Fraser River. Our findings highlight an important spatiotemporal consideration for future ecosystem monitoring.
Ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilişim teknolojileri öz-yeterlik algıları ile bilişim teknolojileri ve yazılım dersine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZTUZCU Özge , KARAMETE Aysen
Published: January 2022

Günümüz çocukları teknoloji ile çok küçük yaşlarda tanışmaya başlamış olmalarına rağmen teknoloji kullanımları günlük kullanım becerileri ile sınırlı kalmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2013 yılından itibaren beşinci ve altıncı sınıflarda zorunlu, yedinci ve sekizinci sınıflarda ise seçmeli olarak Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım (BTY) dersi verilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin BTY dersine ilişkin öz-yeterliklerini ve görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Balıkesir ilinde yer alan okullarda öğrenimine devam eden 200 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma karma araştırma deseni ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin BTY dersine ilişkin öz-yeterliklerinin orta düzeyde olduğu, baba eğitim düzeyi ve kendine ait bilgisayara sahip olma değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği sonuçlarına ulaşılırken cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne eğitim düzeyi ve internet erişim değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin BTY dersine ilişkin görüşlerinin olumlu yönde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Oportunidad para aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales en la sierra del Perú
Authors: ¨Portocarrero José , Cahuas Miller Hector
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo muestra la búsqueda bibliográfica relacionada a la competitividad de las importaciones de pino chileno (Pinus radiata) y su incidencia en el mercado de la fabricación de productos de madera en el mercado peruano. Asimismo, presenta la oportunidad de implementar de pequeñas industrias forestales conformadas a partir del aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales, en especial de pino, llevadas a cabo en las comunidades de la sierra del departamento del Cuzco. El estudio se ha realizado con la obtención de información secundaria y primaria.
Paving the Way for Entrenching the Diaspora’s Voting Rights under the Nigerian Laws: Legal Prospects, Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: ELGUJJA Abba
Published: January 2022

Diaspora overseas or external voting hinges on citizen’s universal right to vote and has become popular among modern democracies all over the world. Over a hundred nations have so far adopted overseas or with varying scopes and/or restrictions. Currently, Nigerian laws do not provide for the right of Nigerians living overseas to participate in elections unless they personally present themselves for registration and voting at designated centers in Nigeria. Since 1999, calls have persisted among Nigerians in the diaspora for law reforms to enable them to exercise their universal right to vote during elections. Since then, various administrations in the Nigerian government have yielded to those calls by setting up an independent dedicated body that is saddled with the responsibility of engaging and mobilizing Nigerians living overseas as equal allies in national development. Nigerians in the diaspora, as equal citizens, should be allowed to exercise their right to vote just like their peers. This article reviews the 1999 Nigerian Constitution and the Electoral Act of 2010 and finds that there are some legal hurdles that have to be tackled to allow diaspora overseas voting, and proffers some constitutional amendments and other legal reforms that are necessary to bring this lofty concept into fruition.
Exporting Workers: The Turkish Case
Authors: ÇAM Gül Ecem
Published: January 2022

Since 1961, worker export flows have been a prominent aspect in most European countries, notably Germany, in the case of Turkey (p. 111). These flows mainly occurred from less developed countries to developed countries (p. 13) and most foreign workers were temporarily imported with no promise of permanent settlement (p. 5). Exporting Workers: The Turkish Case by Suzanne Paine uses surveys and reports to examine the social and economic situations of workers who migrated to Germany as guest workers under the Gastarbeiterprogramm labor migration contract signed between Turkey and the Federal Republic of Germany. The book widely reviews the process of migration and contains aspects of before, during, and after their migration. The German Federal Labor Office and the Turkish State Planning Organization are the two main reference sources. This research aims to analyze the impact of the worker export contract between Turkey and Germany on Turkey’s economic development and on the life of migrant workers (p. 8). The research combines quantitative and qualitative analysis with coherent methodology throughout its five chapters.
Feasibility Analysis on the Business Plan of Herb Medicines at Ginsanjaya Pharmacy
Authors: Yohanda Gunawan , Syarief Rizal , Asnawi Yidha Herywan
Published: January 2022

The objectives of this study are analysis about feasibility on the business plan of herb medicines at Ginsanjaya Pharmacy, which are: feasibility analysis of industry and market, feasibility analysis of products and services, feasibility analysis of financial; and to decide the business plan of herb medicines at Ginsanjaya Pharmacy is feasible or not feasible to be realized or operated. The study methodologies used are: (1) The feasibility analysis of industry and market such as: market and marketing aspects, industrial environment aspects, economical – social – legal –environmental aspects, by qualitative desciptive analysis. (2) The feasibility analysis of products and services such as: technical and technological aspects, operational management aspects, human resources aspects, by qualitative descriptive analysis. (3) The feasibility analysis of financial aspects such as: payback period, present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, break even point, by quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of feasibility analysis on the business plan of herb medicines at Ginsanjaya Pharmacy were such as: (1) The feasibility analysis of industry and market such as : market and marketing aspects were feasible, industrial environment aspects were feasible, economical – social – legal – environmental aspects were feasible, therefore the industrial and market aspects were feasible. (2) The feasibility analysis of products and services such as: technical and technological aspects were feasible, operational management aspects were feasible, human resources aspects were feasible, therefore the products and services aspects were feasible. (3) The feasibility analysis of financial aspects such as : payback period 3.49 years < project period 5 years ; net present value Rp 329,019,000 > 0 (positive) ; internal rate of return 27.17 % > bank credit rate 5.58 % ; profitability index 2.04 > 1 ; break even point of 5th year Rp 718,743,000 or 28.94 % ; therefore the financial aspects were feasible. Therefore the final conclusion of study was that feasibility analysis on the business plan of herb medicines at Ginsanjaya Pharmacy was passed, was feasible to be realized and operated.

Keywords: break even point, feasibility analysis, internal rate of return, net present value, payback period, profitability index.