bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of anxiety in mediating the relationship between information consumption and COVID-19 protective behaviours
Authors: van Antwerpen Natasha , Searston Rachel A , Turnbull Deborah
Published: November 2021

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised about an ‘infodemic’, with information and misinformation being spread across multiple channels and mediums. Information consumption has also been associated with increased anxiety throughout the pandemic. Thus, the present study investigates the mediating role of state anxiety on the relationship between information consumption (defined as mean frequency of information consumption multiplied by number of information sources) and COVID-19 protective behaviours. We compare results across Australian and United States samples and account for personal risk perception and belief in misinformation about COVID-19. Cross-sectional data collected between 28 and 30 April 2020 were analysed using Bayesian structural equation modelling among participants from Australia (N = 201), and the United States (N = 306). State anxiety scores were above the conventional clinical cut-off. Information consumption was positively associated with state anxiety, personal risk perception, and COVID-19 protective behaviours in the Australian and the United States samples. Additionally, the relationship between information consumption and COVID-19 protective behaviours was positively mediated by state anxiety in both nations, suggesting some functional benefits of anxiety. Differences in risk perception and belief in misinformation existed between the Australian and United States sample. Findings provide support for current guidance from organisations such as the WHO, APA, and APS on limiting information consumption to reduce anxiety. To effectively communicate critical public health messaging while minimising potential burdens on mental health, there is a need to develop and test interventions that assist people in calibrating the extent and nature of their information consumption.
Sleep bolsters schematically incongruent memories
Authors: Ashton Jennifer , Staresina Bernhard , Cairney Scott
Published: November 2021

Our ability to recall memories is improved when sleep follows learning, suggesting that sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A number of factors are thought to influence the impact of sleep on newly learned information, such as whether or not we rehearse that information (e.g. via restudy or retrieval practice), or the extent to which the information is consistent with our pre-existing schematic knowledge. In this pre-registered, online study, we examined the effects of both rehearsal and schematic congruency on overnight consolidation. Participants learned noun-colour pairings (e.g. elephant-red) and rated each pairing as plausible or implausible before completing a baseline memory assessment. Afterwards, participants engaged in a period of restudy or retrieval practice for the pairings, and then entered a 12 h retention interval of overnight sleep or daytime wakefulness. Follow-up assessments were completed immediately after sleep or wake, and again 24 h after learning. Our data indicated that overnight consolidation was amplified for restudied relative to retested noun-colour pairings, but only when sleep occurred soon after learning. Furthermore, whereas plausible (i.e. schematically congruent) pairings were generally better remembered than implausible (i.e. schematically incongruent) pairings, sleep (vs wake) reduced the retention advantage for plausible (vs implausible) information. This finding challenges the notion that schema-conformant memories are preferentially strengthened during post-learning sleep.
Does default organ donation registration compromise autonomous choice? Public responses to a new donor registration system
Authors: Wachner Jonas , Adriaanse Marieke A. , van den Hoven Mariette , De Ridder Denise
Published: November 2021

Objective: Defaults have been shown to substantially increase the number of organ donor registrations. However, it is unclear whether defaults violate personal autonomy of the people being registered. The implementation of a new Donor Act in the Netherlands, providing people with the opportunity for active registration before being defaulted, allowed for examining to what extent default registration affects personal autonomy and associated concepts.Methods: In an online survey among a representative sample (N = 1259), four groups were compared regarding autonomy, decision making competence, decision satisfaction, and being pressured to register as a donor: people (1) who had registered their status prior to the Donor Act, (2) who had not yet received an invitation for default registration, (3) who had received an invitation and then registered their choice, and (4) who had received an invitation but took no action and were defaulted into being registered as a donor.Results: We find that groups did not differ on measures of autonomy, decision making competence or decision satisfaction, except for people who had received an invitation but took no action and reported significantly lower levels of autonomy, decision making competence, and decision satisfaction as compared to the other three groups. Participants who received a letter of invitation reported to experience more pressure than participants who had already registered themselves prior to the introduction of the new Donor Act.Conclusion: We conclude that default organ registration does not compromise autonomy except for a minority of people who pass the opportunity to register themselves.
Adolescent sibling associations among alcohol, cannabis, and sexual risk behavior: A test of interdependence
Authors: Thomas Sarah , Micalizzi Lauren , Meisel Samuel N. , Price Dayna , Spirito Anthony
Published: November 2021

Background: Although siblings are conceptualized as a salient social influence during adolescence, few studies have examined how adolescent siblings influence each other’s substance use and risky sexual behavior. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the influence of alcohol use days, cannabis use days, and cannabis and alcohol co-use days on the sexual risk behavior of siblings while accounting for dyadic influence. Methods: At the baseline visit for a randomized controlled trial for adolescents referred due to parents’ concerns about their substance use (“referred adolescents”; n=99; Mage=15.95; 38.38% female), we assessed alcohol and cannabis use days as well as sexual risk behavior of the referred adolescents and their sibling (Mage=15.03; 51.52% female). We computed the number of days in the 30 days prior to the baseline that alcohol and cannabis use occurred on the same day. Using a cross-sectional actor partner interdependence model, we tested two models of how adolescents’ substance use is associated with their own (“actor effect”) and their siblings’ (“partner effect”) sexual risk behavior—one model for alcohol and cannabis use, and one model for daily co-use. Results: For referred adolescents and their siblings, within an individual, greater alcohol, cannabis, and daily co-use was significantly associated with sexual risk behavior (actor effects). Furthermore, more sibling co-use days was positively associated with referred adolescent sexual risk behavior (partner effect), representing interdependence. Conclusion: These findings confirm the influence siblings have on one another’s risky behavior in adolescence and have implications for prevention and intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
Historical aspects of land melioration development in West Siberia
Authors: Ustinov M. T. , Gavrilov D. A. , Elizarov N. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a historical review of scientific and practical materials about the development of soil melioration projects in West Siberia, emphasizing the need for their comprehensive research support. The article describes the methodology and means for studying and implementing land melioration projects developed by researchers in various fields, representing combined efforts of Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute and A.N. Kostyakov Russian Research Institute of Hydrological Engineering and Melioration.
Penerapan Tema Metafora dalamPerencanaan Pasar Ikan Modern di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Setyowati Indah Dwi , Nareswarananindya Nareswarananindya , Ratniarsih Ika
Published: November 2021

Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo merupakan daerah yang berada di Provinsi Jawa Timur salah satu penghasil ikan. Dengan mata pencaharian utama sebagai nelayan. Potensi tersebut menjadikan daerah Sidoarjo sebagai salah satu Kawasan minapolitan di Indonesia. Pasar Ikan Modern berada di Jalan K.H. Ali Mas’ud, Desa Sidokerto, Kecamatan Buduran, Sidoarjo. Terdiri dari beberapa fasilitas, yaitu fasilitas utama sebagai tempat penjualan, fasilitas pengelola sebagai kantor, fasilitas penunjang, fasilitas servis, dan cafeteria. Penggunaan konsep makro Modern Higenis menghasilkan rancangan yang memiliki suasana yang bersih, modern dan efisien sehingga pengunjung tidak bosan bertransaksi di area Pasar.
Arsitektur Neo Vernakular pada Gedung Pertunjukan Seni Tari Tradisional Suku Dayak di Samarinda
Authors: Syah Fauzi , Ramadhani Suci , Poedjioetami Esty
Published: November 2021

Kota Samarinda merupakan Ibukota provinsi Kalimantan Timur dimana terdapat banyaknya ragam budaya di antaranya ada seni tari tradisional yaitu tari khas suku dayak.. Gedung Pertunjukan Seni Tari Tradisional Suku Dayak di Kota Samarinda dengan menggunakan tema aritektur Neo-Vernakular bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kesenian tari khas dari Kalimantan Timur. Dengan pendekatan tema arsitektur Neo Vernakular dan menerapkan makro konsep (Develop Culture) yang menciptakan desain dengan tujuan melestarikan unsur-unsur lokal yang telah terbentuk secara empiris oleh sebuah tradisi yang kemudian mangalami pembaruan menuju suatu karya yang lebih modern tanpa mengesampingkan nilai-nilai tradisi setempat. Mikro KonsepTatanan Lahan (Cultural Realm) Menciptakan desain tatanan lahan dengan menerapkan sebuah kawasan yang memiliki suasana nyaman dan asri serta menerapkan nilai-nilai budaya suku dayak pada kawsan. Mikro Konsep Bentuk (Forward Culture) Menciptakan desain bentuk bangunan dengan konsep budaya yang maju, agar dapat memberikan semangat untuk mengembangkan kebudayaaan khas daeerah. Mikro Konsep Ruang (Adaptive) Konsep “Adaptive” dalam Arsitektur menciptakan desain ruang secara langsung maupun tak langsung berhubungan dengan ruang, ruang yang berfungsi sebagai wadah kegiatan. Hasil rancangan ini diharapkan menjadi pusat kesenian tari khas suku dayak yang dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi lingkungan dan masyarakat serta dapat menjadi obyek wisata bagi masyarakat, baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri yang tertarik tentang kesenian tari asli Kalimantan Timur di Kota Samarinda.
Rancangan Pusat Industri Kreatif dengan Tema Neo-Vernakular di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Khalalya Salsadilla Rizky Nur , Poedjioetami Esty , Salisnanda Randy Pratama
Published: November 2021

. Masyarakat Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara sendiri memiliki ciri khas dan kreatifitas yang berpotensi besar untuk perkembangan seni budayanya yang cukup kental terutama di bidang seni pertunjukkan. Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara memiliki 18 kecamatan yang memiliki berbagai macam kesenian pertunjukan sebagai potensi kreatifnya. Pusat Industri Kreatif Di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara akan menjadi sebuah wadah terpusat dan terintegrasi bagi para penggerak seni di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Pusat Industri Keatif Di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dengan pendekatan arsitektur Neo Vernakular yang menciptakan desain dengan tujuan mengembalikan unsur-unsur budaya lokal khas Kalimantan Timur dengan mengalami pembaruan untuk menuju suatu karya yang lebih modern dengan tidak mengurangi kaidah-kaidah nilai tradisi. Konsep mikro tatanan lahan Terpusat, menjadikan tatanan lahan mengarah pada satu sisi atau pusat utama kegiatan industry kreatif. Konsep mikro bentuk (Attractive Culture), menciptakan bentuk bangunan dengan konse atraktif diangkat karena mampu mewakili esensi objek sebagai bangunan wisata kebudayaan. Konsep mikro ruang (Adaptive Culture), menciptakan desain ruang yang berfungsi dan dapat menampung segala kegiatan industri kreatif, mendesain ruang dimulai dari mengangkan unsur dan suasana kebudayaannya, lalu menyesuaikan dengan fungsi tiap ruang yang di desain.
Entre l’arbre et l’écorce : l’évolution de la profession de pharmacien au Québec aux XIXe-XXe siècles
Authors: Collin Johanne
Published: November 2021

Dans l’historiographie québécoise, l’histoire de la pharmacie et des pharmaciens se situe en quelque sorte entre l’histoire de la médecine, des médecins et de la santé, d’un côté, et l’histoire du petit commerce et de la consommation de l’autre. Sans doute trop hybride pour s’inscrire fermement dans l’un ou l’autre de ces champs d’études, elle n’a que très peu attiré l’attention des historiens à ce jour. Cette hybridité n’en demeure pas moins fascinante. Non seulement est-elle au cœur de la trajectoire et de l’évolution de la pharmacie au Québec, mais elle met en évidence de manière explicite le fait que santé, médicament et consommation sont historiquement étroitement liés. Après avoir brossé le contexte qui mène à une importante enquête menée en 1899, l’article déroulera le fil rouge de cette tension entre commerce et profession du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu’à la crise économique et identitaire à laquelle feront face les pharmaciens dans les années 1960 et 1970.
الديون السيادية ومعالجاتها في ظل أزمة كورونا من وجهة نظر الاقتصاد الإسلامي
Authors: حسن محمد جمال إبراهيم , علي عبد الله سعيد عبد الغني
Published: November 2021

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة موضوع الديون السيادية وتأثيرات جائحة كورونا على حجمها، واستعراض المعالجات التي تم اتخاذها من قبل المجموعات الدولية، مع بيان وجهة نظر الاقتصاد الإسلامي لطبيعة هذه الديون والمعالجات التي تم اتخاذها، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي مع الاستعانة بالمنهج التحليلي في استعراض تفاصيل الموضوع وتحقيق أهداف البحث، وقد خلص البحث إلى جملة من النتائج من أهمها أن الديون السيادية من وجهة نظر الاقتصاد الإسلامي تعبّر عن الديون التي يقترضها ولي الأمر لبيت مال المسلمين من خارج إطار الدولة وهي جائزة بضوابطها الشرعية، وأن الإجراءات التي تم اتخاذها من قبل المنظمات الدولية لمعالجة الديون السيادية خلال أزمة كورونا تتفق في بعضها مع وجهة نظر الاقتصاد الإسلامي، مع تميز الشريعة الإسلامية في إجراءاتها لمعالجة الديون والضوابط التي وضعتها للحد من التوسع فيها أو إعادة تدويرها.
Sovereignty, Prefigurative Politics, and Basques’ Joy to Decide
Authors: Gaztañaga Julieta
Published: November 2021

The literature about Basque politics and the anthropology of sovereignty often define the political within the boundaries of violence, desire, and statehood: a sort of pessimism pervades the general assumptions and the end results. In this article, I shift the focus to a different aspect of the problem of sovereignty, drawing on ethnographic research about a Basque social movement that asserts self-determination in terms of a democratic and pacifist ‘Right to Decide’. Exploring the movement’s organization, daily activities, performances, sociality, and discourses, I argue that they prefigure political pleasure in a way that encourages the performance of sovereignty as a positive force. I show how the movement creates an environment in which producing sovereignty becomes a joyful experience.
Novel intraoperative online functional mapping of somatosensory finger representations for targeted stimulating electrode placement: technical note
Authors: McMullen David P. , Thomas Tessy M. , Fifer Matthew S. , Candrea Daniel N. , Tenore Francesco V. , Nickl Robert W. , Pohlmeyer Eric A. , Coogan Christopher , Osborn Luke E. , Schiavi Adam , Wojtasiewicz Teresa , Gordon Chad R. , Cohen Adam B. , Ramsey Nick F. , Schellekens Wouter , Bensmaia Sliman J. , Cantarero Gabriela L. , Celnik Pablo A. , Wester Brock A. , Anderson William S. , Crone Nathan E.
Published: November 2021

Defining eloquent cortex intraoperatively, traditionally performed by neurosurgeons to preserve patient function, can now help target electrode implantation for restoring function. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to restore upper-limb motor control to paralyzed patients but require accurate placement of recording and stimulating electrodes to enable functional control of a prosthetic limb. Beyond motor decoding from recording arrays, precise placement of stimulating electrodes in cortical areas associated with finger and fingertip sensations allows for the delivery of sensory feedback that could improve dexterous control of prosthetic hands. In this study, the authors demonstrated the use of a novel intraoperative online functional mapping (OFM) technique with high-density electrocorticography to localize finger representations in human primary somatosensory cortex. In conjunction with traditional pre- and intraoperative targeting approaches, this technique enabled accurate implantation of stimulating microelectrodes, which was confirmed by postimplantation intracortical stimulation of finger and fingertip sensations. This work demonstrates the utility of intraoperative OFM and will inform future studies of closed-loop BMIs in humans.
Effect of position on intracranial pressure and compliance: a cross-sectional study including 101 patients
Authors: D’Antona Linda , Craven Claudia Louise , Bremner Fion , Matharu Manjit Singh , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence Dale , Toma Ahmed Kassem
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

A better understanding of the effect of position on intracranial pressure (ICP) and compliance is important for the development of treatment strategies that can restore normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. There is limited knowledge on the effect of position on intracranial compliance. In this cross-sectional study the authors tested the association of pulse amplitude (PA) with position and the day/night cycle. Additionally, they describe the postural ICP and PA changes of patients with “normal” ICP dynamics.

METHODS

This single-center retrospective study included patients with suspected and/or confirmed CSF dynamics abnormalities who had been examined with elective 24-hour ICP monitoring between October 2017 and September 2019. Patients had been enrolled in a short exercise battery including four positions: supine, lumbar puncture position in the left lateral decubitus position, sitting, and standing. Each position was maintained for 2 minutes, and mean ICP and PA were calculated for each position. The 24-hour day and night median ICP and PA data were also collected. Linear regression models were used to test the correlation of PA with position and day/night cycle. All linear regressions were corrected for confounders. The postural ICP monitoring results of patients without obvious ICP dynamics abnormality were summarized.

RESULTS

One hundred one patients (24 males and 77 females) with a mean age of 39 ± 13years (mean ± standard deviation) were included in the study. The adjusted linear regression models demonstrated a significant association of ICP with position and day/night cycle, with upright (sitting and standing) and day ICP values lower than supine and night ICP values. The adjusted linear regression model was also significant for the association of PA with position and day/night cycle, with upright and day PA values higher than supine and night PA results. These associations were confirmed for patients with and without shunts. Patients without clear ICP dynamics abnormality had tighter control of their postural ICP changes than the other patients; however, the difference among groups was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the largest study investigating the effect of postural changes on intracranial compliance. The results of this study suggest that PA, as well as ICP, is significantly associated with posture, increasing in upright positions compared to that while supine. Further studies will be needed to investigate the mechanism behind this association.
Differentiation of Chiari malformation type 1 and spontaneous intracranial hypotension using objective measurements of midbrain sagging
Authors: Houk Jessica L. , Amrhein Timothy J. , Gray Linda , Malinzak Michael D. , Kranz Peter G.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) and spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) are causes of headache in which cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (TE) may be present. An accurate method for differentiating these conditions on imaging is needed to avoid diagnostic confusion. Here, the authors sought to determine whether objective measurements of midbrain morphology could distinguish CM-1 from SIH on brain MRI.

METHODS

This is a retrospective case-control series comparing neuroimaging in consecutive adult subjects with CM-1 and SIH. Measurements obtained from brain MRI included previously reported measures of brain sagging: TE, slope of the third ventricular floor (3VF), pontomesencephalic angle (PMA), mamillopontine distance, lateral ventricular angle, internal cerebral vein–vein of Galen angle, and displacement of iter (DOI). Clivus length (CL), an indicator of posterior fossa size, was also measured. Measurements for the CM-1 group were compared to those for the entire SIH population (SIHall) as well as a subgroup of SIH patients with > 5 mm of TE (SIHTE subgroup).

RESULTS

Highly significant differences were observed between SIHall and CM-1 groups in the following measures: TE (mean ± standard deviation, 3.1 ± 5.7 vs 9.3 ± 3.5 mm), 3VF (−16.8° ± 11.2° vs −2.1° ± 4.6°), PMA (44.8° ± 13.1° vs 62.7° ± 9.8°), DOI (0.2 ± 4.1 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 mm), and CL (38.3 ± 4.5 vs 44.0 ± 3.3 mm; all p < 0.0001). Eight (16%) of 50 SIH subjects had TE > 5 mm; in this subgroup (SIHTE), a cutoff value of < −15° for 3VF and < 45° for PMA perfectly discriminated SIH from CM-1 (sensitivity and specificity = 1.0). DOI showed perfect specificity (1.0) in detecting SIH among both groups. No subjects with SIH had isolated TE without other concurrent findings of midbrain sagging.

CONCLUSIONS

Measures of midbrain sagging, including cutoff values for 3VF and PMA, discriminate CM-1 from SIH and may help to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgery.
Correlation between social media utilization by academic neurosurgery departments and higher online patient ratings
Authors: Lamano Jonathan B. , Riestenberg Robert A. , Haskell-Mendoza Aden P. , Lee Dennis , Sharp Michael T. , Bloch Orin
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Patients increasingly utilize online physician review websites (PRWs) and social media to inform healthcare-related decisions. This provides neurosurgeons with opportunities for increased patient engagement. And despite the growing use of social media among neurosurgeons, the relationship between social media utilization and online reviews remains unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize the relationship between social media utilization and PRW ratings across academic neurosurgery departments.

METHODS

Social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram) of academic neurosurgery departments were identified. Online reviews for individual faculty were obtained from Healthgrades, Vitals, WebMD, and Google. Reviews were aggregated to identify the total number of reviews per department, to generate a composite departmental rating, and to calculate a summed departmental score. US News & World Report (USNWR) and Doximity rankings were recorded for each department. Social media utilization by individual neurosurgeons and associated ratings were investigated within the departments with the highest social media utilization.

RESULTS

Seventy-eight percent of academic neurosurgery departments utilized social media. The most prevalent platform was YouTube (49.1%), followed by Twitter (46.5%), Facebook (38.6%), and Instagram (16.7%). Higher patient ratings on PRWs were associated with the utilization of YouTube (p = 0.048) or Twitter (p = 0.02). The number of social media platforms utilized demonstrated a significant, positive correlation with patient ratings (p = 0.006) and summed patient ratings (p = 0.048). Although USNWR (p = 0.02) and Doximity (p = 0.0008) rankings correlated with patient ratings, only the number of social media platforms utilized remained a significant predictor of patient ratings on multivariate analysis (p = 0.0001). Thirty-one percent of academic neurosurgeons from departments with high social media utilization were active on social media. The most prevalent social media platform among individual neurosurgeons was Twitter (27.4%), followed by Instagram (8.4%), Facebook (4.9%), and YouTube (2.2%). Higher summed patient scores were associated with individual neurosurgeon utilization of YouTube (p = 0.04), Facebook (p < 0.0001), and Instagram (p = 0.01). Increased social media utilization among neurosurgeons was correlated with a greater number of patient reviews (p = 0.006) and higher summed patient scores (p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, only Facebook use remained a significant predictor of the number of patient reviews received (p = 0.002) and summed patient satisfaction scores (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

An increased social media presence is associated with higher ratings on PRWs. As neurosurgeons continue to expand their online presence, they should be aware of the possible impact of social media on online patient reviews.
A step toward equal representation? A cross-sectional analysis of the gender composition of neurosurgical editorial boards from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Bauman Megan M. J. , Wang Kimberly , Bhandarkar Archis R. , Scheitler Kristen M. , Clarke Michelle J.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

At present, females constitute less than 10% of neurosurgeons in the US, despite representing approximately half of all medical students. Multiple barriers have been described for females entering the neurosurgical field, particularly academic neurosurgery. Understanding the environment that female neurosurgeons face and any potential barriers preventing career advancement is needed to recruit, promote, and retain females in neurosurgery.

METHODS

The gender composition of editorial boards for 5 high-impact neurosurgery journals was analyzed from 2000 to 2020. The names of editorial board members were obtained directly from the journal administration, physical copies of the published journal, or publicly available data through each journal’s website. The gender, degrees, academic titles, H-index, and country were determined for each individual and statistical tests were performed to identify significant differences.

RESULTS

Of the 466 identified individuals that served on at least one editorial board between 2000 and 2020, there were 36 females (7.7%) and 430 males (92.3%). There were no significant differences between males and females serving on multiple editorial boards. Most females possessed an additional graduate degree (58.3%), while only one-third of males (33.5%) obtained such a degree (p = 0.002). In addition, males had significantly higher average H-indices than females (p = 0.002). These trends were also observed when analyzing only US-based editorial board members. Although females were more likely overall to be identified as associate professors, males were more likely to be appointed as full professors (p = 0.001); this trend did not remain true in the US-based cohort. When analyzing the editorial boards for individual journals, all 5 journals experienced an increase of female representation since 2000 or since their inception after 2000. The highest proportion of females for a single journal was 27.3% in 2020. All other journals ranged from 11.0% to 13.5% in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

When entering the field of neurosurgery, females continue to face significant social and academic barriers. While the proportion of females on editorial boards for neurosurgery journals in 2020 is consistent with the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons, there is a statistically significantly higher likelihood that females possess additional graduate degrees and lower H-indices compared to their male counterparts. The authors encourage neurosurgical journals to continue expanding female representation on editorial boards.
Interventional outcomes for patients eligible for entry into the ARUBA clinical trial: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Snyder M. Harrison , Chen Ching-Jen , Farzad Faraz , Ironside Natasha , Kellogg Ryan T. , Southerland Andrew M. , Park Min S. , Sheehan Jason P. , Ding Dale
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) suggested that medical management afforded outcomes superior to those following intervention for unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), but its findings have been controversial. Subsequent studies of AVMs that would have met the eligibility requirements of ARUBA have supported intervention for the management of some cases. The present meta-analysis was conducted with the object of summarizing interventional outcomes for ARUBA-eligible patients reported in the literature.

METHODS

A systematic literature search (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for AVM intervention studies that used inclusion criteria identical to those of ARUBA (age ≥ 18 years, no history of AVM hemorrhage, no prior intervention) was performed. The primary outcome was death or symptomatic stroke. Secondary outcomes included AVM obliteration, hemorrhage, death, and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2 at final follow-up). Bias assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the results were synthesized as pooled proportions.

RESULTS

Of the 343 articles identified through database searches, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding an overall study cohort of 1909 patients. The primary outcome occurred in 11.2% of patients (pooled = 11%, 95% CI 8%–13%). The rates of AVM obliteration, hemorrhage, poor outcome, and death were 72.7% (pooled = 78%, 95% CI 70%–85%), 8.4% (pooled = 8%, 95% CI 6%–11%), 9.9% (pooled = 10%, 95% CI 7%–13%), and 3.5% (pooled = 2%, 95% CI 1%–4%), respectively. Annualized primary outcome and hemorrhage risks were 1.85 (pooled = 2.05, 95% CI 1.31–2.94) and 1.34 (pooled = 1.41, 95% CI 0.83–2.13) per 100 patient-years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Intervention for unruptured AVMs affords acceptable outcomes for appropriately selected patients. The risk of hemorrhage following intervention compared favorably to the natural history of unruptured AVMs. The included studies were retrospective and varied in treatment and AVM characteristics, thereby limiting the generalizability of their data. Future studies from prospective registries may clarify patient, nidus, and intervention selection criteria that will refine the challenging management of patients with unruptured AVMs.
(−)-OSU6162 in the treatment of fatigue and other sequelae after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Western Elin , Nordenmark Tonje Haug , Sorteberg Wilhelm , Sorteberg Agnes , Karic Tanja , Sorteberg Angelika
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Fatigue after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is common and usually long-lasting, and it has a considerable negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social functioning, and the ability to return to work (RTW). No effective treatment exists. The dopaminergic regulator (−)-OSU6162 has shown promising results regarding the mitigation of fatigue in various neurological diseases, and therefore the authors aimed to investigate the efficacy of (−)-OSU6162 in alleviating fatigue and other sequelae after aSAH.

METHODS

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center trial was performed in which 96 participants with post-aSAH fatigue were administered 30–60 mg/day of (−)-OSU6162 or placebo over a period of 12 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the SF-36 questionnaire, and a neuropsychological test battery. Assessments were performed at baseline, after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, and at follow-up, 8 weeks after treatment.

RESULTS

The 96 participants with post-aSAH fatigue were randomized to treatment with (−)-OSU6162 (n = 49) or placebo (n = 47). The FSS, MFS, and BDI scores improved significantly in both groups after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas the BAI scores improved in the placebo group only. HRQOL improved significantly in the SF-36 domain “Vitality” in both groups. Neuropsychological test performances were within the normal range at baseline and not affected by treatment. The FSS score was distinctly improved in patients with complete RTW upon treatment with (−)-OSU6162. Concomitant use of antidepressants improved the efficacy of (−)-OSU6162 on the FSS score at week 1 beyond the placebo response, and correspondingly the use of beta- or calcium-channel blockers improved the (−)-OSU6162 efficacy beyond the placebo response in MFS scores at week 4 of treatment. There was a significant correlation between improvement in FSS, BAI, and BDI scores and the plasma concentration of (−)-OSU6162 at the dose of 60 mg/day. No serious adverse events were attributable to the treatment, but dizziness was reported more often in the (−)-OSU6162 group.

CONCLUSIONS

Fatigue and other sequelae after aSAH were similarly alleviated by treatment with (−)-OSU6162 and placebo. (−)-OSU6162 improved fatigue, as measured with the FSS score, significantly in patients with complete RTW. There seemed to be synergetic effects of (−)-OSU6162 and medications interfering with dopaminergic pathways that should be explored further. The strong placebo response may be exploited in developing nonpharmacological treatment programs for post-aSAH fatigue.
Endovascular Therapy Versus Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Wide Neck Aneurysms (EVERRUN Registry): a multicenter, prospective propensity score analysis
Authors: Mascitelli Justin R. , Lawton Michael T. , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Hardigan Trevor A. , Yoon James S. , Yaeger Kurt A. , Kellner Christopher P. , De Leacy Reade A. , Fifi Johanna T. , Bederson Joshua B. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Birnbaum Lee A. , Caron Jean Louis R. , Rodriguez Pavel , Mocco J
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the superiority of endovascular therapy (EVT) compared to microsurgery (MS) for ruptured aneurysms suitable for treatment or when therapy is broadly offered to all presenting aneurysms; however, wide neck aneurysms (WNAs) are a challenging subset that require more advanced techniques and warrant further investigation. Herein, the authors sought to investigate a prospective, multicenter WNA registry using rigorous outcome assessments and compare EVT and MS using propensity score analysis (PSA).

METHODS

Untreated, ruptured, saccular WNAs were included in the analysis. A WNA was defined as having a neck ≥ 4 mm or a dome/neck ratio (DNR) < 2. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 1 year posttreatment, as assessed by blinded research nurses (good outcome: mRS scores 0–2) and compared using PSA.

RESULTS

The analysis included 87 ruptured aneurysms: 55 in the EVT cohort and 32 in the MS cohort. Demographics were similar in the two cohorts, including Hunt and Hess grade (p = 0.144) and modified Fisher grade (p = 0.475). WNA type inclusion criteria were similar in the two cohorts, with the most common type having a DNR < 2 (EVT 60.0% vs MS 62.5%). More anterior communicating artery aneurysms (27.3% vs 18.8%) and posterior circulation aneurysms (18.2% vs 0.0%) were treated with EVT, whereas more middle cerebral artery aneurysms were treated with MS (34.4% vs 18.2%, p = 0.025). Within the EVT cohort, 43.6% underwent stand-alone coiling, 50.9% balloon-assisted coiling, 3.6% stent-assisted coiling, and 1.8% flow diversion. The 1-year mRS score was assessed in 81 patients (93.1%), and the primary outcome demonstrated no increased risk for a poor outcome with MS compared to EVT (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.13–1.45, p = 0.177). The durability of MS was higher, as evidenced by retreatment rates of 12.7% and 0% for EVT and MS, respectively (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

EVT and MS had similar clinical outcomes at 1 year following ruptured WNA treatment. Because of their challenging anatomy, WNAs may represent a population in which EVT’s previously demonstrated superiority for ruptured aneurysm treatment is less relevant. Further investigation into the treatment of ruptured WNAs is warranted.
Charting the course from abstract to published article
Authors: Hallan David R. , Nguyen Alyssa M. , Liang Menglu , McNutt Sarah , Goss Madison , Bell Erin , Natarajan Shreela , Nichol Andrea , Messner Christopher , Bracken Elizabeth , Glantz Michael
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Abstracts act as short, efficient sources of new information. This intentional brevity potentially diminishes scientific reliability of described findings. The authors’ objective was to 1) determine the proportion of abstracts submitted to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) annual meeting that subsequently are published in peer-reviewed journals, 2) assess AANS abstract publications for publication bias, and 3) assess AANS abstract publications for differing results.

METHODS

The authors screened all abstracts from the annual 2012 AANS meeting and identified their corresponding full-text publication, if applicable, by searching PubMed/MEDLINE. The abstract and subsequent publication were analyzed for result type (positive or negative) and differences in results.

RESULTS

Overall, 49.3% of abstracts were published as papers. Many (18.1%) of these published papers differed in message from their original abstract. Publication bias exists, with positive abstracts being 40% more likely to be published than negative abstracts. The top journals in which the full-text articles were published were Journal of Neurosurgery (13.1%), Neurosurgery (7.3%), and World Neurosurgery (5.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Here, the authors demonstrate that alone, abstracts are not reliable sources of information. Many abstracts ultimately remain unpublished; therefore, they do not attain a level of scientific scrutiny that merits alteration of clinical care. Furthermore, many that are published have differing results or conclusions. In addition, positive publication bias exists, as positive abstracts are more likely to be published than negative abstracts.
Long-term outcomes of staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery for giant cavernous sinus hemangiomas: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yang Ruyi , Wang Xinjun , Xv Ziqiang , Zhao Puxue , Li Junwu , An Quan , Huang Shan
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are rare benign tumors originating from the cavernous sinus. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been recommended as a primary treatment for small- to medium-sized CSHs. The optimal treatment for giant CSHs is still controversial. In this study, the authors retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness and safety of staged GKRS treatment for giant CSHs.

METHODS

Twenty-two patients with giant CSH who received staged GKRS treatment in the Gamma Knife Treatment Center of Henan Province during the period from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018, were enrolled in this study. Six patients had received microsurgery before GKRS, the other 16 patients were diagnosed according to clinical symptoms and MR images. All of the enrolled patients received 2-stage GKRS, and the mean interval between the two GKRS treatments was 6.5 months (range 6–12 months). For the first GKRS, the median isodose line was 48% (range 45%–50%), the median marginal dose was 13 Gy (range 11.5–14 Gy), and the median coverage of CSHs was 80% (range 70%–88%). For the second GKRS treatment, the median isodose line was 50% (range 45%–55%), the median marginal dose to the CSHs was 10.5 Gy (range 9–12.5 Gy), and the median coverage of the CSHs was 88% (range 80%–94%).

RESULTS

All of the patients received an outpatient review of an enhanced MR image of the head and a clinical physical check every 6 months after the first GKRS treatment. The mean follow-up duration was 52 months (range 24–84 months). The tumor control rate was 100% 24 months after staged GKRS, and at the last follow-up the mean tumor shrinkage rate was 96.7% (range 90.6%–100%) and the mean residual CSH volume was 2.1 ml (range 0–8.5 ml). Twenty patients suffered central nervous system (CNS) injury symptoms to varying degrees before staged GKRS treatment. Complete symptom recovery was found in 11 (55%) patients, improved symptoms in 5 (25%) patients, and no change in 4 (20%) patients after treatment. Only 1 patient suffered temporary preexisting headache aggravation and 1 patient suffered temporary preexisting diplopia aggravation 1 week after receiving the first GKRS treatment. Subacute or chronic complications were not detected after staged GKRS.

CONCLUSIONS

Staged GKRS is an effective treatment for giant CSHs. Because of the impressively low incidence of adverse effects, staged GKRS may be considered as a primary treatment for giant CSHs.
Socioeconomic health disparities in pediatric traumatic brain injury on a national level
Authors: Kelly Katherine A. , Patel Pious D. , Salwi Sanjana , III Harold N. Lovvorn , Naftel Robert
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Low socioeconomic status is a determinant of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence and severity. In this study, the authors used National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data to evaluate socioeconomic and health disparities among children hospitalized after TBI.

METHODS

This retrospective study identified pediatric patients aged 0 to 19 years with ICD-9 codes for TBI in the NIS database from 2012 to 2015. Socioeconomic variables included race, sex, age, census region, and median income of the patient residential zip code. Outcomes included mechanism of injury, hospital length of stay (LOS), cost, disposition at discharge, death, and inpatient complications. Multivariate linear regressions in log scale were built for LOS and cost. Logistic regressions were built for death, disposition, and inpatient complications.

RESULTS

African American, Hispanic, and Native American patients experienced longer LOSs (β 0.06, p < 0.001; β 0.03, p = 0.03; β 0.13, p = 0.02, respectively) and increased inpatient costs (β 0.13, p < 0.001; β 0.09, p < 0.001; β 0.14, p = 0.03, respectively). Females showed increased rates of medical complications (OR 1.57, p < 0.001), LOS (β 0.025, p = 0.02), and inpatient costs (p = 0.04). Children aged 15 to 19 years were less likely to be discharged home (OR 3.99, p < 0.001), had increased mortality (OR 1.32, p = 0.03) and medical complications (OR 1.84, p < 0.001), and generated increased costs (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The study results have demonstrated that racial minorities, females, older children, and children in lower socioeconomic groups were at increased risk of poor outcomes following TBI, including increased LOS, medical complications, mortality, inpatient costs, and worse hospital disposition. Public education and targeted funding for these groups will ensure that all children have equal opportunity for optimal clinical outcomes following TBI.
Baseline parameters and the prediction of treatment failure in patients with intravenous drug use–associated spinal epidural abscesses
Authors: Baum Justin , Viljoen Stephanus V. , Gifford Connor S. , Minnema Amy J. , Shaikhouni Ammar , Grossbach Andrew J. , Nimjee Shahid , Farhadi H. Francis
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Despite the increasing incidence of spinal epidural abscess (SEA), the baseline parameters potentially predictive of treatment failure remain poorly characterized. In this study, the authors identify the relevant baseline parameters that predict multimodal treatment failure in patients with either intravenous drug use (IVDU)–associated SEA or non-IVDU–associated SEA.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the electronic medical records of a large institutional series of consecutive patients with diagnosed SEA between January 2011 and December 2017 to characterize epidemiological trends as well as the complement of baseline measures that are predictive of failure after multimodal treatment in patients with and without concomitant IVDU. The independent impact of clinical and imaging factors in detecting treatment failure was assessed by performing stepwise binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 324 consecutive patients with diagnosed SEA were identified. Overall, 226 patients (69.8%) had SEA related to other causes and 98 (30.2%) had a history of recent IVDU. While non-IVDU SEA admission rates remained constant, year-over-year admissions of patients with IVDU SEA nearly tripled. At baseline, patients with IVDU SEA were distinct in many respects including younger age, greater unemployment and disability, less frequent diabetes mellitus (DM), and more frequent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. However, differences in length of stay, loss to follow-up, and treatment failure did not reach statistical significance between the groups. The authors constructed independent multivariate logistic regression models for treatment failure based on identified parameters in the two cohorts. For the non-IVDU cohort, the authors identified four variables as independent factors: DM, hepatitis B/C, osteomyelitis, and compression deformity severity. In contrast, for patients with IVDU, the authors identified three variables: albumin, endocarditis, and endplate destruction. Receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were undertaken for the multivariate models predicting the likelihood of treatment failure in the two cohorts (AUC = 0.88 and 0.89, respectively), demonstrating that the derived models could adequately predict the risk of multimodal treatment failure. Treatment failure risk factor point scales were derived for the identified variables separately for both cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with IVDU SEA represent a unique population with a distinct set of baseline parameters that predict treatment failure. Identification of relevant prognosticating factors will allow for the design of tailored treatment and follow-up regimens.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI AIR KELAPA DAN MEDIA TANAM SECARA VERTIKULTUR
Authors: Batubara Lokot Ridwan , Mawarni Rita , Pohan Rizky Raka Reyanda
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted at experimantal field at Faculty of Agriculture, Asahan University, Asahan Regency on October 2020 until December 2020. The study aims to the find out the growth response and production of shallots (Allium cepa L.) to the concentration of coconut water and growth media veticulture. This study used randomized complete block design with two factors: (1) Concentration of coconut water (K) with 3 levels: K1 = 25% (250 ml coconut water + 750 ml water), K2 = 50% (500 ml coconut water + 500 ml water), K3 = 75% (750 ml coconut water + 250 ml water) and (2) growth media (M) with 3 levels: M1 = soil + cow manure (1:1), M2 = soil + cow manure (2:1), M3 = soil + cow manure (3:1). Observation parameters were plant height, number of leave, number of bulbs, bulbs weight. The results showed that coconut water concentration had a significant effect on the number of tubers per clump and tuber wet weight, but had no significant effect on observations. plant height and number of leaves, the best treatment at K3 = 75% (750 ml coconut water + 250 ml water). The planting medium did not significantly affect the observations of plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump and wet weight of tubers. The interaction between the concentration of coconut water and growing media did not have a significant effect on all observed variables.