bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkali-free Magnesium Phosphate Glasses as Nitrate-ion-selective Materials for Solid-state Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Nomura Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Genkichi
Published: July 2006

Ion-selective electrochemical sensors which respond to nitrate-ion activities have been developed. The sensor material consists of alkali-free magnesium phosphate glasses containing CuO, Al2O3, and SiO2. The response characteristics have been observed strongly on the glass composition. Studies of the selectivity coefficient and the electrode function of nitrate-ion activities have shown that the most suitable glass composition is 10CuO : 55P2O5 : 15MgO : 10Al2O3 : 10SiO2. The potential response is linear over the nitrate-ion activities of (10−1–10−5) mol/dm3, and it has a sub-Nernstian response of about 54 mV/decade change at 20 °C. The order of the selectivity is NO3−>ClO4−>I−>NO2−>Cl−>SO32−>>SO42−. Therefore, its use to determine the nitrate-ion activities in a solution containing perchlorate ions is suggested. The physical and chemical properties, such as the glass transition temperature, the softening temperature, the thermal expansion, the membrane resistance, and the chemical durability, were measured and compared with those of other glasses.
Pyrolytic Sulfurization Gas Chromatography. XVI. Pyrolytic Sulfurization Reaction at Atmospheric Pressure and Its Application to the Identification of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen in Organic Components
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Okui Fujio
Published: July 2006

A new method by which the component elements: C, H, O, and N, in an organic compound can be simply, rapidly, and economically identified was established on the basis of the reaction of an organic compound with sulfur at atmospheric pressure. The apparatus for this method consists of two gas chromatographs and an original reactor for reacting an organic compound with sulfur vapor. One component separated from a given mixture by the use of one gas chromatograph was made to react with sulfur vapor in the original reactor and then the reaction products were analyzed by the use of the other gas chromatograph. The reaction products were restricted to seven kinds of compounds irrespective of the chemical structure of the target component. According to this method, the component elements: C, H, O, and N, in an organic compound could be easily identified by the reaction products within 20 min with a detection limit of a few pmol.
Organic Photochemical Reactions. XXX. Photoreactions of N,N-Dimethylpyruvamide in Methanol and Ethanol
Authors: Shima Kensuke , Tanabe Kimiko , Furukawa Shinpei , Saito Jouji , Shirahashi Kazuhiro
Published: July 2006

The photoreactions of N,N-dimethylpyruvamide (DMPA) in methanol and ethanol were investigated. Irradiation of DMPA in methanol gave three products (3,5-dimethyl-4-oxazolidinone, 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-(methoxymethyl)propanamide, and 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-(methoxymethyl)-butanediamide) in good yields. The product distribution was dependent on the concentration of DMPA and methanol. Similarly, irradiation of DMPA in ethanol gave three products (3,5-dimethyl-4-oxazolidinone, 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)propanamide, and 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-(ethoxymethyl)butanediamide). The mechanism for the formation of these products is discussed.
The Enantioface-differentiating Hydrogenation of the C=O Double Bond with Asymmetrically Modified Raney Nickel. XXXVIII. The Hydrogenation of Methyl Ketones to Optically Active Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Osawa Tsutomu , Harada Tadao
Published: July 2006

The enantioface-differentiating (asymmetric) hydrogenation of various methyl ketones (R–COCH3) was carried out over the Raney nickel catalyst modified with (R,R)-tartaric acid and sodium bromide. The presence of an appreciable amount of carboxylic acid in the reaction system was indispensable for a high optical yield. The highest optical yield (74%) was obtained in the hydrogenation of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone in the presence of pivalic acid.
Yields of Electron Transfer Reactions in the Quenching of the Phosphorescent States (2E) of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)chromium(III) and Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(III) Compounds
Authors: Ohno Takeshi , Kato Shunji
Published: July 2006

Molar absorption coefficients of the phosphorescent states (2E) of [Cr(2,2′-bipyridine)3]3+ and [Cr(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3]3+ were determined. The 2E state of [Cr(2,2′-bipyridine)3]3+ was reduced to [Cr(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ with the yield of less than 0.2 in the quenching by iron(II) compounds. The reduction yields of [Cr(2,2′-bipyridine)3]3+ and [Cr(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3]3+ in the quenching of 2E by aromatic amines increase with the Gibbs energy change (−ΔG) in the reverse electron-transfer process. The weak dependence of the yields on ΔG can not be interpreted in terms of adiabatic reverse electron transfer in the geminate pair, which is formed in the quenching process. The electron transfer from the chromium(II) compounds of triplet spin-multiplicity to the amine radical of doublet spin-multiplicity suffers from spin-restriction.
Determination of a Small Amount of Biological Constituent by Use of Chemiluminescence. III. The Flow-injection Analysis of Protein by Direct Injection
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Toriyama Motohiro , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko
Published: July 2006

A flow-injection analysis method of protein by direct injection has been established by use of the luminol-hydrogen peroxide luminescence system. The determination of protein is based on the measurement of the decreasing catalytic activity of copper(II) for the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide. The present flow-injection analysis in which a protein solution is directly injected is quite different from the previous one in which a protein solution is injected after having been previously allowed to react with copper(II) outside the flow-through system. The optimum conditions for the determination of protein were determined with regard to reagent concentration, flow rate, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The present method is simple, rapid, and applicable to the determination of 2×10−4–1×10−1 g dm−3 of protein with 40 ng of detection limit at a rate of about 30 samples per hour. The present method was also applied to the determination of the ratio of albumin to globulin in a sample. The present flow-injection system is expected to be a sensitive detector for the determination of small amounts of protein.
A Kinetic Study on Oxidation of a Pair of Associating Thiols Having Substituted Phenyl Groups with Oxygen
Authors: Endo Tadashi , Hashimoto Masao , Orii Toyohiko , Ito Masato M
Published: July 2006

The rates of oxidation of 1:1 mixtures of associating thiols, each having the binding site (Remark: Graphics omitted.) and the recognition site [p-(CH3)2NC6H4 or R], with O2 were measured in 80% (v/v) acetonitrile-20% water in the range of 20 to 50 °C. Oxidation of the thiol having the p-(CH3)2NC6H4 group proceeds about 100 times faster than that of the thiols with R. It has been found that oxidation of 1:1 mixtures of the thiols is first-order with respect to thiols and 0.7 th-order with respect to triethylamine by means of the method of initial rates. The k1.7 values for R=C6H5, p-CH3C6H4, and p-C2H5C6H4 were similar to one another; this makes a sharp contrast with our previous work that the selectivity (the logarithmeric ratio of the yield of the unsymmetrical disulfide to twice that of the symmetrical disulfide) changes greatly with the structures of R and temperature. It is concluded that the product ratio does not depend upon the k1.7. The large negative activation entropies (−51 to −45 cal K−1 mol−1) suggest that the oxidation would proceed through a highly ordered transition state.
Formation Process of Niobium Nitride by the Reaction of Niobium Pentachloride with Ammonia in the Vapor Phase and Properties of the Niobium Nitride Formed
Authors: Yajima Akimasa , Arai Takashi , Matsuzaki Ryoko , Saeki Yuzo
Published: July 2006

The reaction products of gaseous NbCl5 with ammonia were NbCl5·5NH3 at 200 °C, NbCl5·5NH3, Nb4N5, and NH4Cl at 250–500 °C, Nb4N5 and NH4Cl at 550–950 °C, δ-NbN and NH4Cl at 1000 °C, δ-NbN, Nb2N, NH4Cl, and HCl at 1100 °C, and δ-NbN, Nb2N, Nb4N3, δ′-NbN, ε-NbN, NH4Cl, and HCl at 1200–1300 °C. In the vapor-phase reaction of gaseous NbCl5 with ammonia, the reaction of gaseous NbCl5 with ammonia to form NbCl5·5NH3 occurs first. Above ca. 235 °C, the NbCl5·5NH3 reacts with ammonia to form Nb4N5. Above ca. 1000 °C, the Nb4N5 decomposes to δ-NbN. Above about 1100 °C, in addition to these reactions, the nitriding of niobium, formed by the reduction of gaseous NbCl5 with the hydrogen resulting from the thermal dissociation of ammonia, also occurs to form Nb2N at 1100 °C and Nb2N, Nb4N3, δ′-NbN, and ε-NbN at 1200–1300 °C. When the Nb4N5, formed by the vapor-phase reaction, is heated in an argon atmosphere, it changes to δ-NbN at ca. 1000 °C, to δ-NbN and ε-NbN at 1100–1200 °C, and then to Nb4N3 and δ-NbN at 1300 °C. The niobium nitrides formed above 1200 °C are uniform, ultrafine powders with particle diameters of the order of 1/100 μm.
Kinetic Study on Hydrolysis of Silicon Phosphate in Aqueous Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Saeki Tomoji , Narita Eiichi , Naito Hiroyuki
Published: July 2006

Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of silicon phosphate, Si3(PO4)4 (hexagonal), was carried out in borax buffer solutions (pH 5–12, temperature 20–50 °C) to investigate how it acts as a hardener for alkali silicate adhesive. The silicon phosphate was found to be hydrolyzed with a resulting release of orthophosphate ion, soluble silicate ions, and colloidal silica under mild conditions; the decomposition rate increased with decreasing the particle size of the phosphate and with increasing the pH and temperature of the buffer solution. From the analysis of the decomposition rate on the basis of the shrinking core model, it was found that the decomposition rate could be adequately expressed by the rate equation based on the mixed control of diffusion through a residual layer and surface chemical reaction. This indicates that a part of the colloidal silica which resulted from the hydrolysis remains on the surface of the silicon phosphate particle and then partially limits the overall rate of the hydrolysis. The dependence of both rate-determining steps for the decomposition rate was quantitatively indicated according to the reaction conditions.
Hydrophilicity and Complexing Ability of Alkyl Lariat Ethers
Authors: Ikeda Isao , Emura Hiroshi , Okahara Mitsuo
Published: July 2006

A series of long chain alkyl lariat ethers were synthesized and their aqueous properties in the absence and presence of alkali metal cations were investigated by measuring their cloud points and complex stability constants. In spite of the presence of ether oxygen(s) in the side chain, complexing abilities toward sodium and potassium cations did not significantly differ from those of the corresponding alkyl crown ethers. As the number of ether oxygens in the side chain of lariat ethers was increased, the water solubilities were much improved and showed high cloud points. However, the degree of salting-in effect decreased and the increment of cloud point caused by addition of salts decreased, probably due to the increase of acyclicity of the polyether molecule.
Polarized Absorption Spectra of Aromatic Radicals in Stretched Polymer Film. V. The Benzophenone Radicals
Authors: Minegishi Tsuneyuki , Hiratsuka Hiroshi , Tanizaki Yoshie , Mori Yuji
Published: July 2006

Benzophenone radical anions and ketyl radicals have been prepared in poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA] films by means of γ-ray irradiation at 77 K. The polarized absorption spectra have been measured and used to determine the resolved spectra of these radicals. The spectrum of radical anions in the PVA film is very similar to that of ketyl radicals and can also be well explained by the calculated results for the hydrogen-bonding model of radical anions. The intense near-UV and visible absorption bands of radical anions in the PVA film are both correlated with those of ketyl radicals.
An Account of the Site- and Regio-selectivity in the Reaction of Nitrile Oxides with Substituted p-Benzoquinones by Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory
Authors: Hayakawa Tohru , Araki Koji , Shiraishi Shinsaku
Published: July 2006

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides with substituted p-benzoquinones are discussed in terms of Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory. The calculation is carried out by ab initio Self Consistent Field (SCF) method with STO-3G basis set. The site- and regio-selectivities in the reactions are correlated with two types of FMO interactions. Some predictions have been confirmed by experimental results.
Synthesis and Reactions of Quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Badr Mahmoud Zarif Amin , El-Naggar Galal Moustafa , El-Sherief Hassan Ahmad Hassan , Mahgoub Safar Ahmed
Published: July 2006

Reaction of 3-methyl-2(1H)quinoxalinone (1) with alkyl, benzyl, and arenesulfonyl halides in the presence of K2CO3 in dry acetone gave 1-substituted 3-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinones (2a–g). However 1 reacts with benzoyl chloride under the same conditions to give 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinyl benzoate, while it reacts with P2S5 in dry pyridine to give 3-methyl-2(1H)quinoxalinethione (4). Treatment of 4 with methy iodide in the presence of K2CO3 in dry acetone gave 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)quinoxaline but not 1,3-dimethyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinethione which has been obtained from 2a and P2S5 in dry pyridine. Treatment of 4 with benzyl bromide and/or p-nitrobenzyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3 in dry acetone gave 2-benzylthio and 2-(p-nitrobenzylthio)-3-methylquinoxalines. Syntheses of 1-methyl-3-(substituted styryl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (8a–m) were achieved by condensation of 2a with aromatic aldehydes. Addition of thiophenols and mercaptoacetic acid to 8 gives 1-methyl-3-[2-(substituted phenylthio)ethyl]-2(1H)-quinoxalinones and 1-methyl-3-[2-(substituted phenyl)-2-(carboxymethylthio)ethyl]-2(1H)-quinoxalinones respectively. 1,3-Dimethyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (2a) condensed with ketones in the presence of ZnCl2 to give 1-methyl-3-[2-(substituted phenyl)-1-alkenyl]-2(1H)-quinoxalinones. 1-Methyl-3-(substituted styryl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinethiones were produced by refluxing a mixture of 8 with P2S5 in dry pyridine.
Asymmetric Reduction of Schiff’s Bases with Lithium Aluminium Hydride–Monosaccharide Complexes to Give Optically Active Secondary Amines
Authors: Landor Stephen R , Sonola Olatunji O , Tatchell Austin R
Published: July 2006

The asymmetric reduction of selected Schiff ’s bases (ketimines) with the lithium aluminium hydride–monosaccharide complexes derived from 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-α-d-glucofuranose gives optically active secondary amines. The absolute configuration of N-(1-phenylethyl)aniline was assigned as S by N-phenylation of S-(−)-1-phenylethylamine and hence all the levo-rotatory secondary amines obtained by this asymmetric reduction are assigned the S-configuration.
Carbon Monoxide Absorption by Aqueous CuCl–MgCl2 Absorbent
Authors: Katsumoto Masayuki , Kanehori Keiichi , Kamiguchi Taiji
Published: July 2006

Carbon monoxide absorption characteristics of an aqueous CuCl–MgCl2 solution system are clarified. A CuCl 3.7 mol/l–MgCl2 4.7 mol/l solution is found to absorb 2.2 mol of CO per liter at 30°C and Pco=2×104 Pa. This is 8 times greater than a CuCl 3.2 mol/l–HCl 8.2 mol/l solution and 16 times greater than a CuCl 4.8 mol/l–KCl 5.9 mol/l solution. The CO absorption of the concentrated aqueous solution of CuCl–MgCl2 is accompanied with fine particle precipitation. This precipitate, which consists of CO, Cu+, Mg2+, Cl−, and H2O, is estimated to be CO·CuMgCl3·nH2O. The complex completely releases CO at 70°C or above. Chloride ion influence on the formation of CO·CuMgCl3·nH2O is discussed.
Reactions of 2-Diazo-1,2-Diphenylethanone and Diphenyldiazomethane with Ketohydrazones
Authors: Singh Girija Shankar , Singh Surendra Bahadur , Mehrotra Kailash Nath
Published: July 2006

The reactions of 2-diazo-1,2-diphenylethanone (1) with ketohydrazones (3a–c) in equimolecular ratio yield (diphenylacetyl)hydrazones (4a–c) of the corresponding benzophenones which on further treatment with 1 in equimolecular ratio leads to 1-diphenylacetylazo-1,1,3,3-tetraaryl-2-propanones (5a–c). The product 5a is also obtained in the reaction of 1 with benzophenone hydrazone (3a) in 2 : 1 molecular ratio. The bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1 and also of diphenyldiazomethane (2) with ketohydrazones (3) affords ketazines (6). The mechanistic route for the formation of products is discussed.
Equilibria in the Aqueous Ternary System Containing Na+, CH3CO2−, and P2O74− between 38 and 85°C
Authors: Wada Takahiro , Yokotani Fumiko , Matsuo Yoshihiro
Published: July 2006

The ternary system CH3CO2Na–Na4P2O7–H2O was investigated between 38 and 85°C. No double salt occurs in this temperature range. The saturated CH3CO2Na solutions can contain only small amount of Na4P2O7. The CH3CO2Na solutions have a very strong dehydrating influence on Na4P2O7·10H2O. So, the lowest formation temperature of anhydrous Na4P2O7 is about 47°C.
A Direct Evidence for the Overestimation of Acidity Incidental to the Benesi Method
Authors: Mishima Shozi , Nakajima Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2006

Acid strength distributions of silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, and their mixtures were measured by the Benesi method. Overestimation of acidity has been demonstrated by the measurement that the acidity in the range H0≤−3.0 for the mixtures is larger than the value expected from additivity.
Optical Resolution of Dl-Alanine by Formation of Ternary Copper(II) Complexes with l-Isoleucine
Authors: Shiraiwa Tadashi , Fukuoka Hirofumi , Yoshida Masahiro , Kurokawa Hidemoto
Published: July 2006

A ternary complex, (d-alaninato)(l-isoleucinato)copper(II) (abbreviated as [Cu(d-ala)(l-ile)]), was crystallized selectively at 0°C from an aqueous solution containing Dl-alanine (Dl-Ala), l-isoleucine (l-Ile), and copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(OAc)2·H2O) in the molar ratio of 1:1:1.
Syntheses and Circular Dichroism Studies of Oligopeptides Having Tri- or Tetra-l-prolyl Sequences
Authors: Sato Kazuki , Tanaka Masato , Hayase Tetsuo
Published: July 2006

CD spectra of many oligopeptides having tri- or tetra-l-prolyl sequences showed that a penta- or hexapeptide having a tetra-l-prolyl sequence took poly(l-proline) II helix irrespective of amino acid residues at N- or C-terminal of a l-prolyl cluster and that as to a size of the cluster, tri-l-prolyl sequence was enough to form the helix, when glycine was used as substituent.
Chromatographic Resolution of Racemic Compounds Containing Phosphorus or Sulfur Atom as Chiral Center
Authors: Okamoto Yoshio , Honda Shiro , Hatada Koichi , Okamoto Ichiro , Toga Yuzo , Kobayashi Shiro
Published: July 2006

Racemic compounds containing a phosphorus or a sulfur atom as a chiral center were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on optically active (+)-poly(triphenylmethyl methacrylate). The resolved compounds include insecticides such as O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothionate (EPN), O-(4-cyanophenyl)-O-ethyl phenylphosphonothionate (cyanofenfos), and 2-methoxy-4H-1,3,2-benzo-dioxaphosphorin 2-sulfide (salithion).
The Solubilization Site of Methylferrocene in Cationic Micelles
Authors: Hoshino Katsuyoshi , Saji Tetsuo , Ohsawa Yasuhiko , Aoyagui Shigeru
Published: July 2006

The voltammetry of methylferrocene (MeFC) in a dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solution leads to the conclusion that most MeFC molecules reside in the micelle phase. They are located within the hydrophobic core where water cannot reach, judging from our finding that oxygen decomposes MeFC in the presence of water, but otherwise does not.
Translational Energy Distribution of the Excited Hydrogen Atom (n=4) Produced in Electron-Benzene Collisions
Authors: Kawazumi Hirofumi , Kurawaki Junichi , Ogawa Teiichiro
Published: July 2006

Line shapes of the Balmer-β line of H* produced in dissociative excitation of C6H6 were precisely measured. The translational energy distributions of H* (n=4) have two peaks at about 1 and 4 eV, and their relative intensity depends on incident electron energy.
Selective Mono- and Dibromination of Thymol by Electrolysis in Acetonitrile and Methanol
Authors: Taniguchi Isao , Takada Kouzou , Yamaguchi Hiroko , Yasukouchi Kazuo
Published: July 2006

For anodic bromination of thymol, MeCN and MeOH were suitable solvents for mono- and dibromination respectively. In MeCN, no dibrominated product was observed even when four Faradays per mole of thymol were passed.
Preparation and Properties of a Mercury Selective Ion Exchanger Cerium(IV) Selenite
Authors: Rawat Jagdish Prasad , Khan Masood Akhtar , Thind Pritam Singh
Published: July 2006

A new inorganic ion exchanger, cerium(IV) selenite has been synthesized with a cation exchange capacity of 0.98 mequiv g−1. It is fairly stable in water and in dilute solutions of acids, bases and salts. The Kd values for number of metal ions were determined in different solvent systems. The exchanger possesses a high affinity for Hg(II) and hence its separation from certain metal ions have been made.
Preparation and Characterization of Dinitrosylmolybdenum Chelate Complexes
Authors: Nagaraja K S , Udupa M R
Published: July 2006

Nitrosyl complexes of molybdenum with the composition Mo(NO)2L2 (HL=8-quinolinol, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-pyridinethiol, or ethylmercaptoacetate) have been prepared. The infrared spectral absorptions at 1740 and 1625 cm−1 indicate that the nitrogen monoxide groups are coordinated as NO+ and are cis to each other. The 1H-NMR spectral studies are also presented. The analytical, magnetic and spectral data suggest that molybdenum is in formal zero oxidation state with octahedral coordination completed by univalent bidentate ligands.
A Model for Interactions of Amino Acid Side Chains with Watson-Crick Base Pair of Guanine and Cytosine. Crystal Structures of 9-(2-Carboxyethyl)guanine and Its Crystalline Complex with 1-Methylcytosine
Authors: Fujita Sigeo , Takenaka Akio , Sasada Yoshio
Published: July 2006

A new compound, 9-(2-carboxyethyl)guanine, was successfully synthesized and its crystalline complex with 1-methylcytosine was prepared, in order to investigate the protein-nucleic acid interactions involving guanine base. The crystal structures of 9-(2-carboxyethyl)guanine (cx9G) and of the complex of cx9G with 1-methylcytosine (cx9G:m1C) were determined by the X-ray analysis. Crystal data: cx9G, P21/c, a=12.221(3), b=11.022(2), c=6.961(2) Å, β=100.22(2)°; cx9G:m1C, P\bar1, a=8.932(1), b=12.370(1), c=7.139(1) Å, α=85.01(1), β=99.21(1), γ=86.64(1)°. In cx9G, the carboxyl group is doubly hydrogen-bonded with N(2) and N(3) of the guanine moiety of the adjacent molecule, N(2)–H···O distance being 2.939(5) Å and N(3)···H–O 2.660(5) Å for N···O. In cx9G: m1C, the guanine moiety and 1-methylcytosine form a Watson-Crick base pair. The carboxyl group takes an O=C–OH antiperiplanar conformation and is hydrogen-bonded with N(7) of guanine in the adjacent base pair. This hydrogen bond distance is very short, 2.634(2) Å, though the unfavorable conformation of the carboxyl group. This may suggest the marked preference of the carboxyl group for N(7) of guanine in the Watson-Crick base pair. On the basis of the geometrical data found in the present crystals, some possible models of interactions were constructed and examined, for example, aspartic or glutamic acid residue in the major groove of double stranded DNA.
A Kinetic Study on the Chemiluminescence of 9-Alkylacridines upon Air Oxidation in Alkaline Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Kamiya Isao , Sugimoto Takashi , Yamabe Kuniaki
Published: July 2006

9-Methyl- (1a), 9-benzyl- (1b), 9-(diphenylmethyl)- (1c), and 9-ethylacridine (1d) were employed to obtain luminescent features of the acridines. The decay of chemiluminescence (CL) exhibits a pseudo-first order behavior with apparent rate constants 0.10, 3.30, 4.10, and 0.07 min−1 at 312 K for 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively. A relatively high CL quantum yield (6.3×10−3) is provided for 1a, in contrast to low yields for 1b, 1c, and 1d (1.5×10−6, 1.1×10−5, and 1.3×10−4, respectively). A reaction mechanism involving a cleavage of a dioxetane intermediate to give excited singlet acridone anion is plausible for the luminescent reaction. In view of the fact that several dioxetanes decompose to give excited singlet products in high yields, the CL appears to arise from a minor reaction.
The Effect of 4-Hydroxyl Substituent on the Singlet Chemiexcitation Yield in Base-catalyzed Air Oxidation of 3,5-Dichlorophenylpyruvic Acids
Authors: Kamiya Isao , Murata Shizuaki , Yamabe Kuniaki
Published: July 2006

In base-catalyzed air oxidation of substituted phenylpyruvic acids, an excited singlet product is generated from 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (1) but excited triplet products from 3,5-dichlorophenyl-(2) and 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenylpyruvic acid (3). According to the reaction scheme proposed, the singlet chemiexcitation yield from 1 and the triplet yields from 2 and 3 are 1·2×10−4, 8.3×10−4, and 6.7×10−4, respectively. A discussion is made on the difference in spin state selectivity between 1 and 2 or 3.
Flash Photolysis Study for Substituent and Solvent Effects on Spin-trapping Rates of Phenylthiyl Radicals with Nitrones
Authors: Ito Osamu , Matsuda Minoru
Published: July 2006

The spin-trapping rates for the reactions of para-substituted phenylthiyl radicals with nitrones have been determined by flash photolysis. For the phenylthiyl radical, the rate constant (in mol−1 dm3s−1) in benzene for a cyclic nitrone, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, is 5.2×108, which is greater than that for acyclic one, N-t-butyl-α-toluenimine N-oxide (1.1×107). The rates decrease with the solvent polarity and with the hydrogen-bonding ability; the maximum ratio of ca. 30 is observed for the rates between cyclohexane and methanol. Combined with the observed substituent effects, the mechanisms of the reactions and properties of the transition states are discussed.
Dispersibility of Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Iron(III) Oxides in Cyclohexane and Effect of Water on the Stability
Authors: Kandori Kazuhiko , Kazama Akio , Kon-no Kijiro , Kitahara Ayao
Published: July 2006

The dispersion stability of needlelike and octahedral iron(III) oxides of magnetic or nonmagnetic particles in cyclohexane solutions of sodium 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethanesulfonate (Aerosol OT or AOT) was studied on anhydrous and hydrous systems. The dispersion stability of the anhydrous system was examined for seven kinds of oxides. The sedimentation velocity of dispersions, the histograms of particle distribution, the adsorption of Aerosol OT on the particles and zeta potential were measured. Potential energies of the interaction between a pair of particles were calculated for the anhydrous system. It was suggested from the calculation of potential energies that the magnetic attractive force, which is a function of the strength of the saturation magnetization and the volume of particle, is a main factor affecting the flocculation of the magnetic particles in cyclohexane as well as in 2-butanone reported in the previous papers. The study of the dispersion stability of the hydrous system was done for three kinds of needlelike oxides. The relatively stable region appeared in the lower concentration range of water. The stability decreased at the fixed water concentration followed by marked flocculation (“floc formation” region). It was considered that the appearance of the “floc formation” is caused by the formation of thick hydration layer on the oxide surface and the decrease of zeta potential.
Simple Estimation of Ionization Energies. An Improvement of Koopmans’ Approximation by Scaling
Authors: Isihara Makoto
Published: July 2006

A simple method of estimating ionization energies is proposed, formulation being made for atomic systems. The method aims at improving Koopmans’ approximation by incorporating a scale factor into Koopmans’ variation problem for the hole state in the space built of the occupied Hartree-Fock manifold of the parent state. The shrinking of the electronic cloud through ionization is effectively taken into account with the scale factor; the scaling makes the hole state fulfil the virial theorem. Numerical examples are given for valence-shell and core ionizations of several atomic systems. The results are encouraging on the whole. The attendant concepts, the quasiparticle ejection energy and the global correction, seem to be helpful in understanding the electronic behavior through ionization.
The Theory of Liquid Ion-exchange Membrane Ion-selective Electrodes Based on the Concept of the Mixed Ion-transfer Potential
Authors: Kakiuchi Takashi , Senda Mitsugi
Published: July 2006

The theory of liquid ion-exchange membrane ion-selective electrodes has been developed on the basis of the concept of the zero-current potential, or the mixed potential in the presence of interfering ions, of ion transfer at the interface between a liquid membrane and a sample solution. Under the assumptions of the reversible ion transfer at the interface, the presence of supporting electrolytes in both phases, and the monovalency of all relevant ions, theoretical equations for the mixed potential are derived for two cases; the primary and interfering ions have 1) the same charge sign and 2) the opposite sign. The selectivity coefficients of the ion-selective electrodes can be expressed as a function of the difference between the standard ion-transfer potentials of the primary and interfering ions, the ratios of the mass-transfer coefficients of the ions, and the ratios of the concentrations of the ions. The theoretical prediction has been shown to be applicable to an interpretation of the response of liquid-membrane ion-selective electrodes.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Diaquatris(m-hydroxybenzoato)lanthanoid(III) m-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Dihydrate (M=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd), and Di-μ-(m-hydroxybenzoato)bis{triaquabis(m-hydroxybenzoato)lanthanoid(III)} Dihydrate (M=Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb)
Authors: Koizumi Yukio , Sawase Hiroshi , Suzuki Yasuo , Takeuchi Toshio , Shimoi Mamoru , Ouchi Akira
Published: July 2006

Two types of lanthanoid(III) m-hydroxybenzoates, indicated in the title, have been synthesized, and the crystal and molecular structures of four representative complexes, where M=La (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), and Er (4), were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. They are all triclinic, space group P\bar1, and the cell constants are as follows: (1) a=12.351(11), b=15.533(10), c=9.250(4) Å, α=109.86(4), β=101.40(6), γ=62.95(6)°; (2) a=12.287(4), b=15.542(7), c=9.194(3) Å, α=109.64(3), β=101.46(3), γ=62.83(3)°; (3) a=10.580(1), b=12.006(5), c=10.105(2) Å, α=111.14(2), β=90.27(1), γ=97.16(2)°; (4) a=10.586(4), b=11.943(6), c=10.027(5) Å, α=111.11(3), β=90.53(4), γ=97.26(4)°. The final R values obtained were (1) 0.039, (2) 0.038, (3) 0.030, and (4) 0.039. The central metal atoms of both types of complexes are octa-coordinated, and each is in a square-antiprism geometry. In 1 and 2, one free acid molecule is present, and the molecule is hydrogen-bonded to the oxygen atoms of the coordinated water molecules through its carboxyl oxygen atoms. 1 and 2 have linear polymeric structure, and each pair of the metal atoms is bridged by a pair of the carboxylate ligands, while 3 and 4 have a dimeric structure, where metal atoms are bridged by two carboxylate ligands.
Reactions of Metal Complexes with Carbohydrates. Synthesis and Structure of (2-[(2-Aminoethyl)amino]-2-deoxy-l-sorbose)(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) Dichloride Hemi Methanol Solvate: [Ni(en)(l-sor-en)]Cl2·1/2CH3OH (en=ethylenediamine and sor=sorbose)
Authors: Tsubomura Taro , Yano Shigenobu , Toriumi Koshiro , Ito Tasuku , Yoshikawa Sadao
Published: July 2006

The synthesis and crystal structure of the complex [Ni(en)(l-sor-en)]Cl2·1/2CH3OH which was derived from the reaction of tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) dichloride dihydrate with l-sorbose are described. Crystal-lographic details for the complex are follows: space group C2 (monoclinic); a=17.862(2) Å, b=8.212(1) Å, c=12.644(2) Å, β=90.89(1)°; Z=4; Dcalcd=1.53 gcm−3. The structure was solved by heavy atom methods, and the structure parameters including almost all hydrogen atoms were refined by least-squares methods. The final R factor was 0.032 for 2680 independent reflections. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated with a bidentate ethylenediamine and a tetradentate glycosylamine ligand of l-sor-en. l-Sorbose moiety adopts the six-membered α-2C5 chair conformation. In addition to the synthesis and structure of this complex, we report the results of absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Utilizing a Direct Graphite Cup Insertion Technique
Authors: Haraguchi Hiroki , Abdullah Mohammad , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Kurosawa Masao , Fuwa Keiichiro
Published: July 2006

A preliminary study on analytical performances of graphite sample cups is described for an instrumental assembly to carry out microliter volumes of liquid sample analysis. The graphite cup with a graphite rod and an insulating handle is inserted axially via the injector tube of a quartz torch into a low power operated inductively coupled argon plasma. Univariate search method has been employed for optimization of cup size, rod height and plasma operating parameters for manganese ionic line at 257.6 nm to obtain the most favorable net signal-to-background ratio. Detection limits, reproducibilities and dynamic ranges are also reported for manganese, zinc, lead, chromium, and nickel in solution.
Electrode Kinetics of Viologen Polymers Attached on Graphite Surfaces
Authors: Ohsaka Takeo , Yamamoto Hisao , Kaneko Masao , Yamada Akira , Nakamura Michiko , Nakamura Setsuko , Oyama Noboru
Published: July 2006

A “heterogeneous” electron-transfer process of three kinds of viologen polymers, i.e., N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (methylviologen, MV)–NafionR, poly(xylylviologen) (PXV)-poly(p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(methylviologen) (PMV), in which MV and PXV were electrostatically trapped in Nafion and PSS, respectively, on a basal-plane pyrolytic graphite (BPG) electrode and PMV was directly attached to the BPG electrode surface, was examined by normal pulse voltammetry. The relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., the standard rate constant, koel and the cathodic transfer coefficient, α) of the electrode reaction and the apparent diffusion coefficients, Dapp, for the “homogeneous” charge transport within these polymer films were determined at the various surface concentrations (ΓMV2+ in units of mol cm−2) of viologen dication site. With the PMV and PXV–PSS systems, both koel and Dapp were independent of ΓMV2+, while with the MV–Nafion system both koel and Dapp decreased with an increase in ΓMV2+ under the constant concentration of Nafion. The values of α were independent of ΓMV2+ and constant (i.e., 0.56, 0.58, and 0.20 for the PMV, MV–Nafion and PXV–PSS systems, respectively).
Some Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Both the O-Unidentate β-Diketonato and 2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridyl Ligands. Dynamic Behaviors of trans-[Pd(β-dik-O)(C5H3(6-Cl)N-C2)(PEt3)2] in Solution
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Isobe Kiyoshi , Kawaguchi Shinichi , Okeya Seichi
Published: July 2006

Palladium(II) complexes of the [Pd(β-dik-O)(pyridyl)(PEt3)2] type containing an O-unidentate acetylacetonate, trifluoroacetylacetonate, or hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion and a 2-, 3-, 4-pyridyl or 6-chloro-2-pyridyl group as ligands were prepared and characterized mainly by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The acetylacetonate and hexafluoroacetylacetonate ligands in the [Pd(β-dik-O)(C5H3(6-Cl)N-C2)(PEt3)2] complexes undergo the head-to-tail donor-atom exchange reaction, to which an intramolecular mechanism is proposed.
Preparation and Reaction of 1-(Methylthio- and phenylthio)vinyllithium Reagents
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Fujimori Mizue , Suzuki Kouichi , Fujiwara Tooru
Published: July 2006

An improved procedure for the preparation of 1-(methylthio- and phenylthio)vinyllithium reagents utilizing 2-methoxyalkyl sulfides was developed and their reactions with ketones, aldehydes, oxiranes, and alkyl halides were studied.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acids and Dehydrodipeptides with Rhodium(I)-modified DIOP Catalysts
Authors: Yamagishi Takamichi , Yatagai Masanobu , Hatakeyama Hidetoshi , Hida Mitsuhiko
Published: July 2006

(−)-DIOP was modified in two ways: i), Introduction of a large aromatic substituent at the dioxolane ring of (−)-DIOP and ii), replacement of one diphenylphosphino group by diarylphosphino group to give unsymmetrical DIOPs. Modification at the dioxolane ring had a small effect on the asymmetric induction by DIOP in the hydrogenation. Modification at the phosphino group affected the stereocontrol by the ligand and the unsymmetrical DIOP with di-2-naphthylphosphino group gave higher optical yields than (−)-DIOP for the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid and dehydrodipeptides.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by (Achiral Base)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-Chiral Cocatalyst System
Authors: Takeuchi Seiji , Ohgo Yoshiaki
Published: July 2006

Chiral tertiary amines with a secondary amide group at α- or β-carbon were prepared, and an asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl 2-(acetylamino)acrylate and N,N′-dimethyl-5-benzylidenehydantoin catalyzed by achiral base-coordinated bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II)-chiral cocatalyst system was examined by using each of them as the cocatalyst. The enantiomeric excess of N,N′-dimethyl-5-benzylhydantoin reached 79.1% with (S)-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-quinuclidinecarboxamide as the cocatalyst. Remarkable differences were observed in the enantioselectivities between the two substrates for the same cocatalysts. Discussion about the conformations of the cocatalysts and substrates led to proposed models of chirality-recognizing transition states.
3,5-Dinitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-pyridone, A Novel and Convenient Protecting Reagent for Primary Amines
Authors: Matsumura Eizo , Kobayashi Hironori , Nishikawa Tomomi , Ariga Masahiro , Tohda Yasuo , Kawashima Toshihide
Published: July 2006

Crystalline derivatives of the following l-amino acids modified by 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridone have been prepared: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, methionine and lysine. The modified l-amino acids (DNPY-l-amino acids) could be purified by recrystallization and were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR and UV spectral data. The molar rotation of the DNPY-l-amino acids varied from 2 to 100 times those of the parent amino acids. The effectiveness of 3,5-dinitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-pyridone as an amino-protecting reagent of l-amino acids is described.
A Study of the Mechanism for the Extraction of Uranium, Water, and Nitric Acid with Trioctylphosphine Oxide Using a Binary Molten Mixture of Biphenyl and Naphthalene as the Solvent
Authors: Kojima Takehiro
Published: July 2006

Liquid-liquid distribution with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and a binary molten mixture of biphenyl and naphthalene (weight ratio=3:1) has been examined for the extraction of uranium from a 0.1 mol kg−1 nitric acid solution. The stoichiometry of the TOPO complex of uranyl nitrate in the molten biphenyl–naphthalene phase was established to be UO2(NO3)2(TOPO)2. The extracted species of water and nitric acid are H2·TOPO and H3O+·TOPO·NO3− at concentrations of TOPO of less than 0.1 mol kg−1. The thermodynamic quantities (ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS°) were obtained for the extraction of uranyl nitrate, nitric acid, and water into TOPO–bi-phenyl–naphthalene and TOPO–cyclohexane solutions from the temperature dependence of the extraction constants. More exothermic enthalpy and smaller entropy changes were observed for the binary molten mixture; these differences were attributed to the aromatic and viscous properties of the solvent.
The Adsorption Behavior of Monoionic Dyes at the Aqueous Solution/Air Interface
Authors: Uchizono Yorie , Shimada Emiko , Okayama Yuuko , Harada Yuuzo , Aratono Makoto , Motomura Kinsi
Published: July 2006

The surface tension of the aqueous solutions of six dyes have been measured as a function of dye concentration at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The adsorbed films of four azo dyes have been found to transform from the gaseous phase to the expanded phase. The relation between the molecular structure of dye and the state of the adsorbed film has been discussed by making use of the surface pressure vs. mean area curve.
Studies of Cyanamide Derivatives. Part 110. A Facile Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triureido-1,3,5-triazine and 2-Amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine
Authors: Iio Kokoro , Ichikawai Eiichi
Published: July 2006

2,4,6-Triureido-1,3,5-triazine and 2-amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine were readily synthesized in high yields, 94 and 85% respectively, by the alcoholysis of 2,4,6-tris(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-amino-4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazine in the presence of hydrogen chloride.
Synthesis of cis-12-Nonadecen-9-one, cis-13-Icosen-10-one, the Pheromone of Peach Fruit Moth, and cis-15-Henicosen-11-one, the Pheromone of Douglas Fir Tussock Moth
Authors: Ito Shota , Saito Norio , Hatakeda Kiyotaka , Goto Tomio , Ikushima Yutaka , Asano Takashi
Published: July 2006

A convenient synthesis of cis-12-nonadecen-9-one (4a), cis-13-icosen-10-one (4b), the pheromone of peach fruit moth, and cis-15-henicosen-11-one (4c), the pheromone of Douglas fir tussock moth, is described. 4a was synthesized from methyl 3-oxoundecanoate and 1-bromo-2-nonyne (2a) via 12-nonadecyn-9-one. The higher homo-log 4b could be obtained from methyl-3-oxododecanoate and 2a. Similarly, 4c was prepared from methyl 3-oxotridecanoate and 1-bromo-3-nonyne (2b).
Studies on Nucleosides and Nucleotides. XI. Synthesis of 5′-Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides
Authors: Kimura Junji , Nishikubo Yoshiyuki , Mitsunobu Oyo
Published: July 2006

When 2′,3′-O-(triphenylphosphoranediyl)O2,5′-cyclouridine and N4-benzoyl-2′,3′-O-(triphenylphosphoranediyl)-O2,5′-cyclocytidine were allowed to react with tributyltin hydride in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile under reflux, 5′-deoxyuridine (84% yield) and N4-benzoyl-5′-deoxycytidine (71% yield) were obtained.
Pyridinium Fluorochromate or Benzyltrimethylammonium Chlorochromate for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Nonaka Tsuyoshi , Kanemoto Shigekazu , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi
Published: July 2006

Selective oxidation of secondary alcohols in the presence of primary ones has been achieved by the following sequences, (1) selective protection of primary alcohols with t-BuMe2SiCl, (2) oxidation of secondary alcohols with title reagents, and (3) deprotection of primary hydroxyls.
The Crystal Structure of (TMTTF)2ReO4
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao , Kobayashi Akiko , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Saito Gunzi , Inokuchi Hiroo
Published: July 2006

The crystal of (TMTTF)2ReO4 is isomorphous with the other (TMTTF) 2X compounds(X=ClO4, PF6, Br,···). TMTTF molecules are stacked face-to face to form a zig-zag column. Although the structure of (TMTTF)2ReO4 closely resembles that of the analogous compound, (TMTSF)2ReO4, the loose intermolecular contacts in (TMTTF)2ReO4 suggest that the intermolecular interaction appears to be much weaker than that in (TMTSF)2ReO4.
The Partial Molar Volume of 1-Alkanols in a Sodium Dodecylsulfate Solution around Its Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Manabe Masahiro , Kikuchi Sumiyoshi , Katayama Shingo , Tokunaga Susumu , Koda Masaharu
Published: July 2006

The partial molar volume (Va) of 1-alkanols (C6–C8) was determined at 25 °C in a solution of sodium dodecylsulfate up to its critical micelle concentration in water. The Va in micellar solutions is higher than that in non-micellar ones. This increase in Va has been explained in terms of the promotion of micellization by the addition of alkanol.
Reactions of Dipyridylacetylenes and Carbon Disulfide under High Pressure. Synthesis of Tetra-2-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Nagawa Takahiro , Zama Yoshiaki , Okamoto Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2006

The reaction of di-2-pyridylacetylene with CS2 at 100 °C under 4500 atm for 12 h. gave tetra-2-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene in 80% yield.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Cadmium(II) Incorporation into 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine and N-Methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Funahashi Shigenobu , Yamaguchi Y\={u}shi , Tanaka Motoharu
Published: July 2006

The kinetics of reactions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine (H2(tpp)) and N-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine (H(metpp)) with CuII, ZnII, and CdII ions was studied spectrophotometrically in N,N-dimethylformamide. The rate of incorporation of metal ions (M2+ : Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) into H(metpp) is first order with respect to both H(metpp) and metal ion: d[M(metpp)+]/dt=[k[H(metpp)][M2+] with k(25 °C)=11.5±0.5 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for Zn2+ and (5.8±0.8)×102 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for Cd2+. The rate of incorporation of copper and zinc into H2(tpp) is first order in H2(tpp) and the conditional first-order rate constants are expressed as follows: k0(M)=K[M2+](1+K[M2+])−1(k1+k2[M2+]) where for Cu2+ and Zn2+  K/mol−1 dm3, k1/s−1, and k2/mol−1dm3 s−1 at 25°C are (1.6±0.2)×104 and (7.2±1.5)×102, (1.2±0.1)×10−4 and (3.5±0.7)×10−5, and (5.2±0.2)×10−2 and (8.6±0.2)×10−4, respectively. Metal ion incorporation into H2(tpp) proceeds through the formation of intermediates prior the rate-limiting step. For the H(metpp) system, the methyl group on the pyrrole in H(metpp) prevents the formation of such an intermediate. On the other hand, the rate of cadmium incorporation into H2(tpp) is first order with respect to Cd2+ and H2(tpp) and its second order rate constant k is (6.5±1.0)×10−3 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The large cadmium(II) ion can not fit into the porphyrin nucleus and its reaction proceeds through a pathway involving a mononuclear activated complex.
Vibrational Level Populations of Hydrogen Fluoride Produced in Infrared Multiple-photon Decompositon of C2H5F
Authors: Ishikawa Yo-ichi , Arai Shigeyoshi
Published: July 2006

CO2 TEA laser-induced photolysis of C2H5F was studied by using a time-resolved infrared fluorescence technique. Molecular elimination of vibrationally excited hydrogen fluoride (HF*) from C2H5F* occurs in the process. Rotational temperatures and vibrational level populations of HF* are estimated from observed fluorescence spectra by computational fitting. Higher vibrational levels are populated to a less extent in the decomposition under a collisionless condition. When the pressure of C2H5F is increased, however, population inversion is allowed among some levels. Possible reaction mechanism is discussed for the production of HF* at extraordinarily high vibrational levels.
Applicability of a New Adsorption Isotherm Equation and Adsorption Abilities of Commercial Chelating Resins for Single Metal Ions in Acidic Solution
Authors: Urano Kohei , Chanyasak Veerapan , Fujii Nobuhiko , Yukawa Toshiaki
Published: July 2006

Adsorption isotherms for single metal ions(Ca2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, or Pb2+) in acidic solutions at 25 °C on 9 types of commercial chelating resins were obtained. The results could all be expressed by the isotherm equation, Q=Qmax⁄(1+ACM−αCHβ), reported in the preceding paper. The parameters α and β, which indicate respectively the influences of concentrations of metal ion (CM) and hydrogen ion (CH) on the adsorption capacities (Q), were discussed in relation to the properties of the chelating resins and the metal ions.