bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS FITOPLANKTON BERDASARKAN SEBARAN TEMPORAL DI PERAIRAN DESA LALANU KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Mirwana Linda , Nurgayah Wa , Emiyarti .
Published: February 2021

Struktur komunitas fitoplankton dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan cahaya, semakin dalam suatu perairan maka intensitas cahaya yang ada dalam perairan tersebut akan semakin menurun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas fitoplankton berdasarkan sebaran temporal di Perairan Desa Lalanu. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Februari 2019 di tiga stasiun penelitian. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan selama 13 jam yaitu pagi - sore hari yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dengan interval waktu pengambilan sampel pagi, siang dan sore hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, fitoplankton yang didapatkan pada Perairan Desa Lalanu terdiri dari 4 kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceaea, dan Cryptophyceaea yang ditemukan menyebar pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Kelimpahan tertinggi berada pada stasiun I pada pengambilan sampel pagi hari dengan nilai 1022 sel/L, terendah berada pada stasiun I pagi hari dengan nilai 79 sel/L. Keanekaragaman tertinggi berada pada stasiun 1 siang hari dengan nilai 1.52. Keseragaman tertinggi berada pada stasiun III sore hari dengan nilai 0.65. Sedangkan dominansi tertinggi pada sore hari dengan nilai 0.97 dan terendah pada stasiun 1 dengan nilai 0.24.Kata kunci: Kelimpahan Jenis, Fitoplankton, Keanekaragaman, Perairan Lalanu
Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
Authors: Anastassopoulou Cleo , Tsakris Athanasios , Patrinos George P. , Manoussopoulos Yiannis
Published: March 2021

Serological methods serve as a direct or indirect means of pathogen infection diagnosis in plant and animal species, including humans. Dot-ELISA (DE) is an inexpensive and sensitive, solid-state version of the microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a broad range of applications in epidemiology. Yet, its applicability is limited by uncertainties in the qualitative output of the assay due to overlapping dot colorations of positive and negative samples, stemming mainly from the inherent color discrimination thresholds of the human eye. Here, we report a novel approach for unambiguous DE output evaluation by applying machine learning-based pattern recognition of image pixels of the blot using an impartial predictive model rather than human judgment. Supervised machine learning was used to train a classifier algorithm through a built multivariate logistic regression model based on the RGB (“Red,” “Green,” “Blue”) pixel attributes of a scanned DE output of samples of known infection status to a model pathogen (Lettuce big-vein associated virus). Based on the trained and cross-validated algorithm, pixel probabilities of unknown samples could be predicted in scanned DE output images, which would then be reconstituted by pixels having probabilities above a cutoff. The cutoff may be selected at will to yield desirable false positive and false negative rates depending on the question at hand, thus allowing for proper dot classification of positive and negative samples and, hence, accurate diagnosis. Potential improvements and diagnostic applications of the proposed versatile method that translates unique pathogen antigens to the universal basic color language are discussed.
Practical Recommendations Relevant to the Use of Resistance Training for COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Gentil Paulo , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Coswig Victor , Barroso Weimar Kunz Sebba , Vitorino Priscila Valverde de Oliveira , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martins Wagner , Souza Daniel
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a global pandemic. The disease predominantly affects the respiratory system; however, there is evidence that it is a multisystem disease that also impacts the cardiovascular system. Although the long-term consequences of COVID-19 are not well-known, evidence from similar diseases alerts for the possibility of long-term impaired physical function and reduced quality of life, especially in those requiring critical care. Therefore, rehabilitation strategies are needed to improve outcomes in COVID-19 survivors. Among the possible strategies, resistance training (RT) might be particularly interesting, since it has been shown to increase functional capacity both in acute and chronic respiratory conditions and in cardiac patients. The present article aims to propose evidence-based and practical suggestions for RT prescription for people who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 with a special focus on immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Based on the current literature, we present RT as a possible safe and feasible activity that can be time-efficient and easy to be implemented in different settings.
Sport Cyberpsychology in Action During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Possibilities): A Narrative Review
Authors: Hurley Olivia A.
Published: March 2021

Interest in sport cyberpsychology has become more popular over the last decade, primarily due to the increased use of technology and the online world, including social media, within sport settings (Hurley, 2018). In 2020, this became even more apparent for many athletes, their support teams and their sport organisations, when their professional and social worlds became cyber-dominated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many challenges were encountered by: (i) the athletes, in their efforts to remain active and well during this time when all competitions were cancelled and (ii) the healthcare professionals, working with these athletes, in their efforts to continue to support the athletes, when severe travel restrictions and social distancing were in place for considerable periods of time. The purpose of this paper, using a narrative review process, is to present and scrutinise an array of Internet interventions, remote psychological supports and applications (apps) that the athletes and their support personnel used to help them meet their physical, social, and emotional needs during the pandemic. The beneficial and restrictive features of these online options will be presented. Two main themes will be considered in order to focus this discussion, namely, (i) the potential physical and mental opportunities and challenges using the online world extensively during this time presented for the individuals working in sport and (ii) suggestions for how such online interventions used by the athletes, their coaches and sport science personnel during the pandemic may be maintained in some positive ways into the future, to help the athletes prepare for their upcoming competitions, their training and their future careers when they retire from elite sport.
Respuestas desde la Terapia y las Prácticas Narrativas al Coronavirus
Authors: Chimpén-López Carlos , Moggia Danilo , Ferrer Mariangels , Cano Sonia , Florensa Mónica , Jorge Adoración , Moral Manuel , Sagrado Soledad
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo recoge una serie de iniciativas inspiradas en la terapia y las prácticas narrativas que se han dado alrededor de España como respuesta a la crisis del coronavirus. En primer lugar, se explican los principios de la terapia y las prácticas narrativas, profundizando específicamente en los principios vinculados al trabajo con crisis y trauma. Posteriormente, se describen una serie de respuestas e iniciativas llevadas a cabo para sobrellevar la crisis del coronavirus que se han dado en la comunidad siguiendo estos principios. Se exponen documentos colectivos, intercambios de cartas entre terapeutas, consultantes y profesionales sanitarios, las actividades llevadas a cabo por un grupo de supervisión y la presencia de las prácticas narrativas en servicios sociales. Por último, se discute cómo estas inicitaivas pueden ayudarnos a construir esperanza en tiempos de incertidumbre.
Effects of Veneering Ceramic and Methods on Failure Load of Veneered Zirconia
Authors: Kumchai Hattanas , Juntavee Patrapan , Sun Arthur F. , Nathanson Dan
Published: February 2021

Background: A variety of veneering options to zirconia frameworks are now available. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of veneer materials, veneering methods, cement materials, and aging on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. Material and methods: Zirconia bars (20 × 4 × 1 mm) were veneered to 2 mm total thickness (n = 10/group). Veneering method groups included: 1. Hand-layered feldsparthic porcelain (VM = Vita VM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (CR = IPS e.max Ceram, IvoclarVivadent); 2. Pressed feldspathic porcelain (PM = Vita PM9, Vident) and fluorapatite glass–ceramic (ZP = IPS e.max ZirPress, IvoclarVivadent); 3. CAD-/CAM-milled feldspathic ceramic (TF = Vitablocs Triluxe Forte, Vident) and lithium-disilicate glass–ceramic (CAD = IPS e.max CAD, IvoclarVivadent). CAD/CAM veneers were either cemented with resin cements (P = Panavia21, KurarayDental), (R = RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE), (M = Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent) or fused with fusion glass–ceramic (C = CrystalConnect, IvoclarVivadent). A three-point bending test (15 mm span, zirconia on tension side) was performed on Instron universal testing machine (ISO 6872) recording load-to-failure (LTF) of first veneer cracks or catastrophic failure. For group VM, PM, TF-M, TF-C, CAD-M, CAD-C, ten more bars were prepared and aged with cyclic loading (100,000 cycles, 50% LTF) and thermocycling (2000 cycles) before testing. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests, and t-test (α = 0.05). Zirconia veneered with IPS e.max CAD by fusing had significantly higher failure load compared with zirconia veneered with other veneering materials (p ≤ 0.05). For cemented veneers, the cement type had a significant effect on the failure load of the veneer zirconia specimens. Specimens cemented with Panavia 21 had a lower resistance to loading than other cements. The aging experiment revealed a significant difference in failure load between non-aged and aged bars in groups VM and PM, but not in the groups with CAD-/CAM-milled veneers. In conclusion, veneer materials, veneering methods, and cement materials have a significant effect on the failure load of bilayered veneer zirconia. CAD-/CAM-milled veneer zirconia is not susceptible to aging performed in this study.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapeutic Regimens with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Previously Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ando Koichi , Manabe Ryo , Kishino Yasunari , Kusumoto Sojiro , Yamaoka Toshimitsu , Tanaka Akihiko , Ohmori Tohru , Ohnishi Tsukasa , Sagara Hironori
Published: February 2021

Improving therapeutic strategies for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains a challenge. To date, no reports have directly compared the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum–etoposide (ICIs+EP) with platinum–irinotecan (IP) or directly compared different ICIs+EP for previously untreated ES-SCLC. This study used a Bayesian approach for network meta-analysis to compare efficacy and safety between ICIs+EP and IP and between each pair of three ICIs+EP. The six treatment arms were: pembrolizumab plus platinum–etoposide (Pem+EP), durvalumab plus platinum–etoposide (Dur+EP), atezolizumab plus platinum–etoposide (Atz+EP), platinum–amrubicin (AP), IP, and platinum–etoposide (EP). No significant differences in overall survival were observed between ICIs+EP and IP and between each pair of three ICIs+EP. The incidence of ≥grade 3 adverse events (G3-AEs) was significantly higher in ICIs+EP than IP, whereas no significant difference was found in G3-AEs between each pair of three ICIs+EP. The incidence of ≥grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in ICIs+EP than IP, whereas the incidence of ≥grade 3 diarrhea was significantly lower in ICIs+EP than IP. These findings will help clinicians better select treatment strategies for ES-SCLC.
Investigation of Thermo-Flow Characteristics of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Systems Designed with Only One Tower in 2 × 660 MW Power Plants
Authors: Liu Mohan , Chen Lei , Jiang Kaijun , Zhou Xiaohui , Zhang Zongyang , Zhou Hanyu , Wang Weijia , Yang Lijun , Niu Yuguang
Published: February 2021

In recent years, natural draft dry cooling systems with only one tower have been adopted in some 2 × 660 MW power-generating units owing to the advantage of lower construction costs. The operating cases of two power-generating units and one power-generating unit will both appear based on the power load requirement, which may lead to very different flow and heat transfer performances of this typical cooling system. Therefore, this research explores the local thermo-flow characteristics of air-cooled heat exchangers and sectors, and then analyzes the overall cooling performance of the above two operating cases under various wind conditions. Using the numerical modeling method, the results indicate that the flow and heat transfer performance of this cooling system decreases significantly in the case of one unit with half sectors dismissed. At wind speeds lower than 8 m/s, the difference in turbine back pressure between two units and one unit appears obviously higher than in other wind conditions, even reaching 4.37 kPa. Furthermore, the air-cooled heat exchanger in the lower layer always has better cooling capability than that in the upper layer, especially in conditions where there is an absence of wind and under low wind speeds. The operating case of one unit is not recommended for this dry cooling system because of the highly decreased energy efficiency. In conclusion, this research could provide theoretical support for the engineering operation of this typical natural draft dry cooling system in 2 × 660 MW power plants.
Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions
Authors: Redel-Macías María D. , Leiva-Candia David E. , Soriano José A. , Herreros José M. , Cubero-Atienza Antonio J. , Pinzi Sara
Published: February 2021

Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NOx trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NOx emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v/v), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol.
Regulation and Function of Defense-Related Callose Deposition in Plants
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Xifeng , Fan Baofang , Zhu Cheng , Chen Zhixiang
Published: February 2021

Plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and to protect themselves, have developed a variety of chemical and physical defense mechanisms. Callose is a β-(1,3)-D-glucan that is widely distributed in higher plants. In addition to its role in normal growth and development, callose plays an important role in plant defense. Callose is deposited between the plasma membrane and the cell wall at the site of pathogen attack, at the plasmodesmata, and on other plant tissues to slow pathogen invasion and spread. Since it was first reported more than a century ago, defense-related callose deposition has been extensively studied in a wide-spectrum of plant-pathogen systems. Over the past 20 years or so, a large number of studies have been published that address the dynamic nature of pathogen-induced callose deposition, the complex regulation of synthesis and transport of defense-related callose and associated callose synthases, and its important roles in plant defense responses. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the regulation and function of defense-related callose deposition in plants and discuss both the progresses and future challenges in addressing this complex defense mechanism as a critical component of a plant immune system.
Chloroquine-Induced Accumulation of Autophagosomes and Lipids in the Endothelium
Authors: Bik Ewelina , Mateuszuk Lukasz , Orleanska Jagoda , Baranska Malgorzata , Chlopicki Stefan , Majzner Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Chloroquine (CQ) is an antimalarial drug known to inhibit autophagy flux by impairing autophagosome–lysosome fusion. We hypothesized that autophagy flux altered by CQ has a considerable influence on the lipid composition of endothelial cells. Thus, we investigated endothelial responses induced by CQ on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). HMEC-1 cells after CQ exposure were measured using a combined methodology based on label-free Raman and fluorescence imaging. Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize subtle chemical changes in lipid contents and their distribution in the cells, while the fluorescence staining (LipidTox, LysoTracker and LC3) was used as a reference method. The results showed that CQ was not toxic to endothelial cells and did not result in the endothelial inflammation at concentrations of 1–30 µM. Notwithstanding, it yielded an increased intensity of LipidTox, LysoTracker, and LC3 staining, suggesting changes in the content of neutral lipids, lysosomotropism, and autophagy inhibition, respectively. The CQ-induced endothelial response was associated with lipid accumulation and was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. CQ-induced autophagosome accumulation in the endothelium is featured by a pronounced alteration in the lipid profile, but not in the endothelial inflammation. Raman-based assessment of CQ-induced biochemical changes offers a better understanding of the autophagy mechanism in the endothelial cells.
Genetics and Epigenetics in Asthma
Authors: Ntontsi Polyxeni , Photiades Andreas , Zervas Eleftherios , Xanthou Georgina , Samitas Konstantinos
Published: February 2021

Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disease that affects both children and adults worldwide, with diverse phenotypes and underlying pathogenetic mechanisms poorly understood. As technology in genome sequencing progressed, scientific efforts were made to explain and predict asthma’s complexity and heterogeneity, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) quickly became the preferred study method. Several gene markers and loci associated with asthma susceptibility, atopic and childhood-onset asthma were identified during the last few decades. Markers near the ORMDL3/GSDMB genes were associated with childhood-onset asthma, interleukin (IL)33 and IL1RL1 SNPs were associated with atopic asthma, and the Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene was identified as protective against the risk to TH2-asthma. The latest efforts and advances in identifying and decoding asthma susceptibility are focused on epigenetics, heritable characteristics that affect gene expression without altering DNA sequence, with DNA methylation being the most described mechanism. Other less studied epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications and alterations of miR expression. Recent findings suggest that the DNA methylation pattern is tissue and cell-specific. Several studies attempt to describe DNA methylation of different types of cells and tissues of asthmatic patients that regulate airway remodeling, phagocytosis, and other lung functions in asthma. In this review, we attempt to briefly present the latest advancements in the field of genetics and mainly epigenetics concerning asthma susceptibility.
The Effects of Various Concentrations of NaOH on the Inter-Particle Gelation of a Fly Ash Geopolymer Aggregate
Authors: Abdullah Alida , Hussin Kamarudin , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Yahya Zarina , Sochacki Wojciech , Razak Rafiza Abdul , Błoch Katarzyna , Fansuri Hamzah
Published: February 2021

Aggregates can be categorized into natural and artificial aggregates. Preserving natural resources is crucial to ensuring the constant supply of natural aggregates. In order to preserve these natural resources, the production of artificial aggregates is beginning to gain the attention of researchers worldwide. One of the methods involves using geopolymer technology. On this basis, this current research focuses on the inter-particle effect on the properties of fly ash geopolymer aggregates with different molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of synthesis parameters (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 M) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the fly ash geopolymer aggregate were studied. The fly ash geopolymer aggregate was palletized manually by using a hand to form a sphere-shaped aggregate where the ratio of NaOH/Na2SiO3 used was constant at 2.5. The results indicated that the NaOH molarity has a significant effect on the impact strength of a fly ash geopolymer aggregate. The highest aggregate impact value (AIV) was obtained for samples with 6 M NaOH molarity (26.95%), indicating the lowest strength among other molarities studied and the lowest density of 2150 kg/m3. The low concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkali activator solution resulted in the dissolution of fly ash being limited; thus, the inter-particle volume cannot be fully filled by the precipitated gels.
Gradual Degradation of InGaAs LEDs: Impact on Non-Radiative Lifetime and Extraction of Defect Characteristics
Authors: Buffolo Matteo , Magri Alessandro , De Santi Carlo , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo
Published: February 2021

We present a detailed analysis of the gradual degradation mechanisms of InGaAs Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) tuned for optical emission in the 1.45–1.65 μm range. Specifically, we propose a simple and effective methodology for estimating the relative changes in non-radiative lifetime, and a procedure for extracting the properties of defects responsible for Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. By means of a series of accelerated aging experiments, during which we evaluated the variations of the optical and electrical characteristics of three different families of LEDs, we were able to identify the root causes of device degradation. Specifically, the experimental results show that, both for longer stress time at moderate currents or for short-term stress under high injection levels, all the devices are affected: (i) by a partial recovery of the optical emission at the nominal bias current; and (ii) by a decrease in the emission in low-bias regime. This second process was deeply investigated, and was found to be related to the decrease in the non-radiative Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) lifetime due to the generation/propagation of defects within the active region of the LEDs. Devices tuned for longer-wavelength emission exhibited a second degradation process, which was found to modify the carrier injection dynamics and further speed-up optical degradation in the low bias regime. These processes were ascribed to the effects of a second non-radiative recombination center, whose formation within the active region of the device was induced by the aging procedure. Through mathematical analysis of the degradation data, we could quantify the percentage variation in SRH lifetime, and identify the activation energy of the related defects.
Polymer Thermal Treatment Production of Cerium Doped Willemite Nanoparticles: An Analysis of Structure, Energy Band Gap and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Alibe Ibrahim Mustapha , Matori Khamirul Amin , Zaid Mohd Hafiz Mohd , Nasir Salisu , Alibe Ali Mustapha , Khiri Mohammad Zulhasif Ahmad
Published: February 2021

The contemporary market needs for enhanced solid–state lighting devices has led to an increased demand for the production of willemite based phosphors using low-cost techniques. In this study, Ce3+ doped willemite nanoparticles were fabricated using polymer thermal treatment method. The special effects of the calcination temperatures and the dopant concentration on the structural and optical properties of the material were thoroughly studied. The XRD analysis of the samples treated at 900 °C revealed the development and or materialization of the willemite phase. The increase in the dopant concentration causes an expansion of the lattice owing to the replacement of larger Ce3+ ions for smaller Zn2+ ions. Based on the FESEM and TEM micrographs, the nanoparticles size increases with the increase in the cerium ions. The mean particles sizes were estimated to be 23.61 nm at 1 mol% to 34.02 nm at 5 mol% of the cerium dopant. The optical band gap energy of the doped samples formed at 900 °C decreased precisely by 0.21 eV (i.e., 5.21 to 5.00 eV). The PL analysis of the doped samples exhibits a strong emission at 400 nm which is ascribed to the transition of an electron from localized Ce2f state to the valence band of O2p. The energy level of the Ce3+ ions affects the willemite crystal lattice, thus causing a decrease in the intensity of the green emission at 530 nm and the blue emission at 485 nm. The wide optical band gap energy of the willemite produced is expected to pave the way for exciting innovations in solid–state lighting applications.
Identifying Elastic Constants for PPS Technical Material When Designing and Printing Parts Using FDM Technology
Authors: Retolaza Jone , Ansola Rubén , Gómez Jose Luis , Díez Gorka
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces a methodology to study the anisotropic elastic constants of technical phenylene polysulfide thermoplastic (PPS), printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) in order to provide designers with a guide to achieve the required mechanical properties in a printed part. The properties given by the manufacturer are usually taken from injected samples and these are not the real properties for printed parts. Compared to other plastic materials, PPS offers higher mechanical and thermal resistance, lower moisture absorption, higher dimensional stability, is highly resistant to chemical attacks and environmental aging, and its fireproof performance is good. One of the main difficulties presented when calculating and designing for FDM printing is that printed parts present anisotropic behavior i.e., they do not have the same properties in different directions. Haltera-type samples were printed in the three manufacturing directions according to optimum parameters for material printing, aimed at calculating the anisotropic matrix of the material. The samples were tested in order to meet standards and values for elastic modulus, shear modulus and tensile strength were obtained, using Digital Image Correlation System to measure the deformations. An approximated transversally isotropic matrix was defined using the obtained values. The fracture was analyzed using SEM microscopy to check whether the piece was printed correctly. Finally, the obtained matrix was validated by a flexural test and a finite element simulation.
Cembranoids from Octocoral Lobophytum crassum (von Marenzeller, 1886)
Authors: Yeh Yao-Tsung , Lin Sung-Chun , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Wen Zhi-Hong , Hwang Tsong-Long , Wu Yu-Jen , Chen Jih-Jung , Fang Lee-Shing , Yuan Mei-Kang , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: February 2021

Two cembranoids, including a new compound, lobocrassin I (1), as well as a known analogue, lobohedleolide (2), were obtained by solvent extraction from octocoral Lobophytum crassum. This study employed a spectroscopic approach to establish the structures of these two cembranoids, and utilized single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine their absolute configurations. The results of biological activity assays demonstrated that cembranoid 2 exhibited bioactivity against the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells.
Observer Influence with Other Variables on the Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Weight at Term
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Mariola , Corral Maria E. , Aceituno Longinos , Mazheika Marina , Mendoza Nicolás , Mozas-Moreno Juan
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: The accuracy with which the estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term is determined is useful in order to address obstetric complications, since it is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the experienced observers with other variables that could influence the accuracy of the ultrasound used to calculate EFW at term, carried out within a period of seven days prior to delivery, in order to assess interobserver variability. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 1144 pregnancies at term. The validity of the ultrasound used to calculate EFW at term was analyzed using simple error, absolute error, percentage error and absolute percentage error, as well as the percentage of predictions with an error less than 10 and 15% in relation to maternal, obstetric and ultrasound variables. Results: Valid predictions with an error less than 10 and 15% were 74.7 and 89.7% respectively, with such precision decreasing according to the observer as well as in extreme fetal weights. The remaining variables were not significant in ultrasound EFW at term. The simple error, absolute error, percentage error and absolute percentage error were greater in cases of extreme fetal weights, with a tendency to overestimate the low weights and underestimate the high weights. Conclusions: The accuracy of EFW with ultrasound carried out within seven days prior to birth is not affected by maternal or obstetric variables, or by the time interval between the ultrasound and delivery. However, accuracy was reduced by the observers and in extreme fetal weights.
Collagenated Porcine Heterologous Bone Grafts: Histomorphometric Evaluation of Bone Formation Using Different Physical Forms in a Rabbit Cancellous Bone Model
Authors: Falacho Rui I. , Palma Paulo J. , Marques Joana A. , Figueiredo Maria H. , Caramelo Francisco , Dias Isabel , Viegas Carlos , Guerra Fernando
Published: March 2021

Collagenated porcine-derived bone graft materials exhibit osteoconductive properties and the development of different formulations intends to enhance bone regeneration. This study aims to evaluate bone healing in a rabbit cancellous bone defect in response to grafting with different physicochemical forms of heterologous porcine bone. Twenty-six adult male New Zealand White rabbits received two critical size femoral bone defects per animal (n = 52), each randomly assigned to one of the five tested materials (Apatos, Gen-Os, mp3, Putty, and Gel 40). Animals were sacrificed at 15- and 30-days post-surgery. Qualitative and quantitative (new bone, particle and connective tissue percentages) histological analyses were performed. Histomorphometry showed statistically significant differences in all evaluated parameters between mp3 and both Putty and Gel 40 groups, regardless of the timepoint (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistical differences were observed between Apatos and both Putty (p = 0.014) and Gel 40 (p = 0.007) groups, at 30 days, in regard to particle percentage. Within each group, regarding new bone formation, mp3 showed significant differences (p = 0.028) between 15 (40.93 ± 3.49%) and 30 (52.49 ± 11.04%) days. Additionally, intragroup analysis concerning the percentage of particles revealed a significant reduction in particle occupied area from 15 to 30 days in mp3 and Gen-Os groups (p = 0.009). All mp3, Gen-Os and Apatos exhibited promising results in terms of new bone formation, thus presenting suitable alternatives to be used in bone regeneration.
Metabolome-Based Discrimination Analysis of Five Lilium Bulbs Associated with Differences in Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Kong Ying , Wang Huan , Lang Lixin , Dou Xiaoying , Bai Jinrong
Published: March 2021

The bulbs of several Lilium species are considered to be both functional foods and traditional medicine in northern and eastern Asia. Considering the limited information regarding the specific bioactive compounds contributing to the functional properties of these bulbs, we compared the secondary metabolites of ten Lilium bulb samples belonging to five different species, using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based secondary metabolomics approach. In total, 245 secondary metabolites were detected; further, more metabolites were detected from purple Lilium bulbs (217 compounds) than from white bulbs (123–171 compounds). Similar metabolite profiles were detected in samples within the same species irrespective of where they were collected. By combining herbal analysis and screening differential metabolites, steroid saponins were considered the key bioactive compounds in medicinal lilies. Of the 14 saponins detected, none were accumulated in the bulbs of L. davidii var. willmottiae, also called sweet lily. The purple bulbs of L. regale accumulated more secondary metabolites, and, notably, more phenolic acid compounds and flavonoids. Overall, this study elucidates the differential metabolites in lily bulbs with varying functions and colors and provides a reference for further research on functional foods and the medicinal efficacy of Lilium species.
Site-Specific Fluorescent Labeling of RNA Interior Positions
Authors: Cooperman Barry S.
Published: March 2021

The introduction of fluorophores into RNA for both in vitro and in cellulo studies of RNA function and cellular distribution is a subject of great current interest. Here I briefly review methods, some well-established and others newly developed, which have been successfully exploited to site-specifically fluorescently label interior positions of RNAs, as a guide to investigators seeking to apply this approach to their studies. Most of these methods can be applied directly to intact RNAs, including (1) the exploitation of natural posttranslational modifications, (2) the repurposing of enzymatic transferase reactions, and (3) the nucleic acid-assisted labeling of intact RNAs. In addition, several methods are described in which specifically labeled RNAs are prepared de novo.
The Problem of Evil Remains Logically Binding
Authors: Betenson Toby
Published: February 2021

Most contemporary discussions of the problem of evil assume that “logical” formulations of the problem are untenable, and that we should operate with “evidential” formulations instead. I argue that this consensus is founded on a mistake and that there is no legitimate reason to abandon logically binding formulations of the problem of evil. I conclude by arguing that, though it is possible to formulate a genuinely “evidential” problem of evil, logical formulations of the problem of evil are preferable in all cases.
Precision Measurement Noise Asymmetry and Its Annual Modulation as a Dark Matter Signature
Authors: Roberts Benjamin M. , Derevianko Andrei
Published: February 2021

Dark matter may be composed of self-interacting ultralight quantum fields that form macroscopic objects. An example of which includes Q-balls, compact non-topological solitons predicted by a range of theories that are viable dark matter candidates. As the Earth moves through the galaxy, interactions with such objects may leave transient perturbations in terrestrial experiments. Here we propose a new dark matter signature: an asymmetry (and other non-Gaussianities) that may thereby be induced in the noise distributions of precision quantum sensors, such as atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. Further, we demonstrate that there would be a sizeable annual modulation in these signatures due to the annual variation of the Earth velocity with respect to dark matter halo. As an illustration of our formalism, we apply our method to 6 years of data from the atomic clocks on board GPS satellites and place constraints on couplings for macroscopic dark matter objects with radii R<104km, the region that is otherwise inaccessible using relatively sparse global networks.
Comparison of Typical Controllers for Direct Yaw Moment Control Applied on an Electric Race Car
Authors: Medina Andoni , Bistue Guillermo , Rubio Angel
Published: February 2021

Direct Yaw Moment Control (DYC) is an effective way to alter the behaviour of electric cars with independent drives. Controlling the torque applied to each wheel can improve the handling performance of a vehicle making it safer and faster on a race track. The state-of-the-art literature covers the comparison of various controllers (PID, LPV, LQR, SMC, etc.) using ISO manoeuvres. However, a more advanced comparison of the important characteristics of the controllers’ performance is lacking, such as the robustness of the controllers under changes in the vehicle model, steering behaviour, use of the friction circle, and, ultimately, lap time on a track. In this study, we have compared the controllers according to some of the aforementioned parameters on a modelled race car. Interestingly, best lap times are not provided by perfect neutral or close-to-neutral behaviour of the vehicle, but rather by allowing certain deviations from the target yaw rate. In addition, a modified Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller showed that its performance is comparable to other more complex control techniques such as Model Predictive Control (MPC).
Analisis Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Kabupaten Sidrap
Authors: Mustafa Badriani
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the role of the government with the Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises which aims to realize the role of MSMEs as the backbone and enforcement of the national economic structure, especially in Sidrap Regency. The method used is a qualitative method, with data observation techniques, documentation and interviews. The Regional Government of Sidenreng Rappang Regency has made various efforts to empower MSMEs based on Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs. These efforts can be categorized as the growth and development of MSMEs as well as expansion of access and networks of partnerships and investments of MSMEs. Coaching and development of MSMEs is carried out by providing revolving funds to facilitate saving for private banks / companies, assistance for facilities & infrastructure to MSMEs, dissemination of business information, successful business licensing, institutional support even though in reality it has not been running optimally. Meanwhile, the potential for strengthening or business strength is in the form of development in the fields of production and processing, marketing, human resources. and there are also factors hindering umkm in Sidrap district including budget constraints, human resources and lack of government policies as well as less competitive product packaging, so that there are still deficiencies in empowering MSMEs in Sidrap Regency, the government's role in empowering MSMEs in Sidrap Regency has not been maximal.
Permainan Tradisional: Keterampilan Motorik dan Ketepatan Strategi
Authors: Wahidah Ida , Nurlaela Wulan , Cahyana Cahyana , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Rahman Firda Nafa'atur
Published: March 2021

Traditional games in Indonesia are numerous and varied. Traditional games have many benefits. There have been many traditional games that are almost extinct and are no longer played by children nowadays. These types of games are Gobag and Baren. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Gobag and Baren games on motor skills and the accuracy of strategies when playing these games. The case study research method was used in this research. Sampling is done by taking samples aged> 40 years. This is done because the sample in question is a person who has played this game. The number of samples is 12 people. Data were collected by means of interviews. The results of this study are motor skills and the accuracy of strategies in performing Gobag and Baren games. This is indicated by the better coordination ability between the eyes and feet, as well as the eye and the brain. In addition, the ability to estimate the direction for running so that you don't get caught is more precise.
“Manas, preciso de ajuda”
Authors: Farhat Theodoro Casalotti , Gonçalves-Segundo Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2021

Partindo de premissas da Análise do Discurso Mediado por Computador (HERRING, 2019), articuladas à Pragmática dos atos de fala (AUSTIN, 1962) e da polidez (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987) e à Sociossemiótica (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006), analisamos três postagens multimodais de matriz verbo-imagética, que constituem pedidos de ajuda, instanciados no âmbito do grupo de Facebook LDRV. Com o objetivo de compreender o funcionamento da interação e das práticas discursivas no grupo em questão, propusemos um esquema de decomposição a partir do qual descrevemos e comparamos os textos, dando destaque ao fenômeno de edições explicitamente marcadas (“edits”). Como resultado, depreendemos os efeitos da combinação do verbal e do imagético na instanciação de pedidos, incluindo considerações sobre o papel de imagens como estratégias de “polidez pictórica”; elaboramos uma possível estrutura genérica para tais atos de fala no âmbito de um grupo marcado pela alternatividade identitária; formulamos hipóteses sobre as relações que tais instanciações podem ter com o espaço digital em que ocorrem e suas práticas discursivas específicas.
KLASIFIKASI JENIS CITRA DAUN MANGGA MENGGUNAKAN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Fitrianingsih  , Rodiah
Published: March 2021

Jenis mangga dapat ditentukan berdasarkan karakteristik daun seperti bentuk, tekstur, dan warna dari daun tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengklasifikasikan citra daun mangga menggunakan model Convolutional Neura Network (CNN). Dataset citra daun yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 jenis mangga sebanyak 1761 citra yaitu mangga golek, mangga harum manis, dan mangga manalagi. Rasio pembagian data yang digunakan adalah 9:1, dengan 90% untuk data pelatihan dan 10% untuk data validasi. Arsitektur model CNN yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 lapisan konvolusi yang diikuti dengan maxpooling pada setiap lapisan konvolusinya. Pelatihan dilakukan sebanyak 60 epochs karena memiliki nilai akurasi yang paling baik. Nilai akurasi model pada tahap pelatihan mencapai 97,72% atau dapat mengidentifikasi 1549 citra daun mangga dengan benar dari total 1585 citra yang ada. Nilai akurasi model pada tahap validasi mencapai nilai 89,20% atau dapat mengidentifikasi 157 citra daun mangga dengan benar dari total 176 citra yang ada.
Consumer acceptability test on the organoleptic factors of dedawang pindang fish in Dedawang Hamlet, Bawean Island, Indonesia
Authors: Soedrijanto Angky , Istiqomah Titis , Rizkina Fitriana Dina
Published: February 2021

This study aims to measure the level of consumer preference for organoleptic factors of pindang fish produced from the traditional scavenger business of Dedawang Hamlet, Telukjati Dawang Village, Tambak Sub-district, Bawean Island - Gresik Regency.The research was conducted from July to September 2020 involving 221 respondents from various backgrounds as panelists to assess the level of preference for pindang fish. The test material came from one of the scaling efforts carefully selected by the researcher. The organoleptic test includes 8 (eight) things, namely: taste, deviated odor (indication of deterioration), specific aroma, color, appearance, consistency, packaging aesthetics, and durability. The results showed that the durability factor (score 93.57), product aesthetics (score 90.48), smell (score 86.35), and distinctive aroma (score 81.35) were the main attractions for consumers buying pindang fish. While the appearance (score 53.07), consistency (score 63.51), color (score 65.41), and taste (score 68.17) are things that need to be improved to increase attractiveness to consumers.
Keywords: organoleptic, pindang, consumer acceptability
Vigalmi negyedből parkrendszer
Authors: Kardos Bálint Ferenc , Schild Beáta Dorottya
Published: March 2021

A Tabán sorsa immár több mint egy évszázada mozgatja meg a városvezetők és várostervezők fantáziáját. A többnyire grandiózus elképzelésekből a történelmi viharok közepette kevés dolog valósulhatott meg, s végül a kezdetben ideiglenesnek gondolt parkosítás maradt az egykor sűrűn beépített terület végleges hasznosítása (1. kép). Az elmúlt évek jelentős – de leginkább pontszerű – beruházásai, mint a Várkert Bazár újjászületése, a Rác fürdő felújítása vagy a gellérthegyi sikló építésének megkezdése, egyre inkább szükségessé teszik egy átfogó fejlesztési koncepció kidolgozását a Tabán területére. Az átfogó jelző egyrészt területileg nagyobb, a pontszerű projektek egymással való kapcsolatának és szinergiájának vizsgálatát kell, hogy jelentse, másrészt pedig a célközönséget tekintve is átfogó, spektrális jellegűnek kellene lennie. A terület sajátosságaiból adódóan szükséges figyelembe venni mind a helyi lakosság, mind a turizmus igényeit. Jelen tanulmány a Tabán múltját, jelenét és a területtel kapcsolatos fontos elképzeléseket kívánja bemutatni, és ezek alapján átfogó fejlesztési irányt megfogalmazni. A legfőbb kérdés tehát, hogyan lett ebből a régtől fogva lakott területből a mai, közlekedési területekkel felszabdalt parkrendszer, mi a jelentősége és értéke a Tabánnak és mi lehet a jövője?
Pathological investigation of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle in Al-Najaf abattoir
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Rasool Ahmed , Al-Dabhawi Ahmed
Published: February 2021

This study has been conducted to examine the macroscopic and histopathologic lesions of liver in slaughtered cattle at Al-Najaf City, and then the prevalence of these lesions has been listed. Liver of two hundred cattle slaughtered at the city slaughterhouse of Al-Najaf were collected from beginning of January to the end of March, 2019 for gross and microscopic investigations. Tissue processing has been carried out for specimens inspected as tissue lesions were examined under light microscopy. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic survey showed that there were variable liver affections in slaughtered cattle. The lesions were arranged from high percentages of lesions such as fasciolosis (32%) and abscesses (32.5%), to moderate to low percentages such as hydatidosis (19.5%), tuberculosis (7.5%), fatty degeneration (3%) and coagulative necrosis (1.5%). The main conclusion of our study revealed that there were high prevalence of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle in Al-Najaf slaughterhouse (4.69%), that lead to liver condemnation and economic losses.