bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Journal list fetishism and the ‘sign of 4’ in the ABS guide: A question of trust?
Authors: Hussain Simon
Published: October 2013

The emergence of journal quality lists such as that issued by the UK’s Association of Business Schools (ABS) has instigated a wave of ‘journal list fetishism’ throughout the business school sector. Business school deans and research managers have become fixated on whether the publication records of current staff and new applicants include the requisite number of ‘hits’ in the best ranked journals. Little attention is paid to additional measures of research quality, or to the broader context within which the research has been produced. This paper examines the current fetishizing of the ABS guide in general, and the magical ‘4’ rating in particular (the symbolic token for top journals). It begins by looking at how ‘trust in numbers’ may have assisted the uptake of the ABS guide through developing a perception of ‘trustworthiness’ and then raises questions regarding the current fetishizing of ‘4’ ratings using additional data within the ABS guide.
Promoting teacher autonomy through university–school collaborative action research
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2013

Over the past few decades, the pursuit of teachers-as-researchers has become an ideal for developing teacher autonomy to which many in the world of curriculum development and language teacher education try to promote (Benson, 2001). Nevertheless, research into how teachers learn to do research has been scarce, and there are pressing needs for research-based accounts of how teachers gain their professional autonomy through research (Borg, 2009). This article reports on a collaborative action research project carried out by a group of university researchers with a group of senior secondary school English teachers in an attempt to promote teacher autonomy in the Chinese context. It first introduces the background and rationale for the project. Then it describes the project along with the research questions and data collection methods. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the article looks into the processes that teachers go through in learning to do research and examines the impact the project has on the participating teachers. Then it further discusses issues related to such collaboration and concludes with the conditions that are essential for effective university–school collaborations.
Redefining poverty: Deprivation among children in East Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Minujin Alberto , McCaffrey Carolyn , Patel Mahesh , Paienjton Qimti
Published: October 2013

This article presents the first measurement of multidimensional child poverty at the regional level in East Asia and the Pacific and is based on child poverty studies in seven countries in the region: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam. It examines the prevalence of child poverty, as per the Bristol deprivation approach, in the seven countries, as well as the extent of various types of disparities within these countries. A composite measure, the Child Poverty Index, is also applied. Findings reveal that widespread and severe deprivation is being faced by children in one subset of countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR and Mongolia), while the other subset of countries (Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam) is confronted with pockets of deprived child populations and the issue of less severe deprivation. Alternative policy approaches to reduce child poverty in these two subsets of study countries are also discussed.
Philosophical Foundations of Health Education
Authors: Olson Sarah J.
Published: October 2013

Philosophical Foundations of Health Education is a powerful, thorough, and unique resource for health educators and especially for health education and promotion faculty. It contains previously published articles by leaders in the profession since the 1950s. The articles are grouped by the topics into six distinct parts. The book argues that all health professionals, new or old, need to develop their own personal philosophy about health and the profession and to use it to inform how they view and use the philosophies in their roles as professional health educators.
Improved clearance of radioiodinated hypericin as a targeted anticancer agent by using a duodenal drainage catheter in rats
Authors: Cona Marlein Miranda , Feng Yuanbo , Verbruggen Alfons , Oyen Raymond , Ni Yicheng
Published: October 2013

We sought to reduce the radioactive intestinal waste after intravenous injection of necrosis avid iodine-131-labeled hypericin in dual-targeting anticancer radiotherapy and to study its pharmacokinetics in rats using a newly designed catheter. Iodine-123-labeled hypericin was prepared with iodogen as oxidant and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. After iodine-123-labeled hypericin administration, duodenal juice was collected via a catheter from groups of rats (n = 5) at intervals of 0–4, 4–8 or 20–24 h. The content was assessed by gamma-counting. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of iodine-123-labeled hypericin were investigated in rats without (n = 5) and with continuous catheterization (n = 5) for 9 h. After labeling, a high radiochemical yield was obtained with iodine-123-labeled hypericin (>95%), as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In the duodenal aspirate from animals with intermittent catheterization during 24 h, radioactivity accounted for 46% of the total with two peaks at 3 h and 8 h, suggesting enterohepatic circulation. Rats with 9 h of catheterization exhibited one peak representing 20% of the radioactivity. Major metabolites appeared to be conjugated iodine-123-labeled hypericin forms. In rats without and with catheter, iodine-123-labeled hypericin showed exponential elimination from plasma with no significant dehalogenation. Delayed iodine-123-labeled hypericin excretion, a higher maximum concentration (Cmax), larger area under concentration-time curve [AUC(0-∞)] and a longer mean residence time were observed in non-catheterized animals ( P < 0.05). The catheterized group exhibited lower urinary excretion than non-catheterized group ( P < 0.05). Rats with a catheter showed lower radioactivity ( P = 0.01) in the small intestines than those without a catheter (1.82 ± 0.41 versus 18.95 ± 4.32 percentage of the injected dose). After iodine-123-labeled hypericin administration, the radioactivity excreted into bile was efficiently removed from the body via a duodenal catheter. Radiation overexposure due to the prolonged elimination of iodine-131-labeled hypericin can be prevented using this approach.
Learn and apply
Authors: Brug Annet Ten , Van der Putten Annette A. J. , Vlaskamp Carla
Published: October 2013

Knowledge about the preferences and abilities of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMDs) is crucial for providing appropriate activities. Multi-sensory storytelling (MSST) can be an ideal activity for gathering such knowledge about children with PIMDs. The aim of this study was to analyse whether using MSST did lead to changes in teachers’ knowledge about preferences and abilities and whether this knowledge was then applied in practice. Three dyads of children with PIMDs and their teachers read an MSST book 20 times during a 10-week period. A questionnaire designed to identify the teachers’ current knowledge was filled in before the 1st and again after the 10th and 20th reading sessions. Also, the teachers were asked for their opinion about their newly gathered knowledge. In all three cases, changes in the teachers’ knowledge were observed. However, teachers are insufficiently aware of their new knowledge and do not apply it in practice.
Evaluation of Joint Space Width and Narrowing After Isolated Partial Medial Meniscectomy for Degenerative Medial Meniscus Tears
Authors: Shelbourne K. Donald , Barnes Adam F. , Urch Scott E. , Gray Tinker
Published: October 2013

Background:

Few studies have evaluated the effect of existing articular cartilage damage and sex on joint space measurements after isolated degenerative medial meniscus tears.

Purpose:

To determine what factors affected joint space width and narrowing in patients after removal of isolated degenerative medial meniscus tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 62 patients (15 women and 47 men) with all ligaments intact, no previous surgery to either knee, and an isolated degenerative medial meniscus tear removed in 1 knee were examined. The mean age at examination was 58.2 years at a mean follow-up of 9.4 years (range, 4-20 years). Subjective results were obtained with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee survey. Radiographs were taken using 45° weightbearing posteroanterior views. Midpoint and perceived minimum joint space width of the medial and lateral compartments of both knees were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm by 2 observers at different times, and they were blinded as to the previous measurements (Pearson intra- and interclass correlations, >0.93). Joint space narrowing was found by calculating the difference in joint space width between knees. Percentage of normal joint space loss was calculated by dividing joint space narrowing by the joint space width in the contralateral knee. Other factors considered were patient sex and Outerbridge grading of articular cartilage.

Results:

Women had a mean 1.5 mm less normal joint space width than men in the involved and noninvolved knees ( P < .01). Mean joint space narrowing was 0.7 mm for both measurements. The mean ± standard deviation narrowing was 0.4 ± 1.2 mm for patients with grade 0-2 damage and 1.1 ± 1.3 for patients with grade 3-4 damage ( P = .04). Five women (33%) and 3 men (6%) had narrowing of >50% of the normal joint space as measured in the noninjured knee ( P = .016). The mean IKDC total score was 66.1 points for women, which was statistically significantly lower than the mean of 82.7 points for men ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing partial medial meniscectomy have greater joint space narrowing and lower subjective scores after surgery if they also have existing Outerbridge grade 3-4 damage. Women have less normal joint space than men, and more women than men experience >50% joint space narrowing after surgery.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Fanconi anemia: the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation experience
Authors: Peffault de Latour Régis , Porcher Raphael , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Aljurf Mahmoud , Korthof Elisabeth T. , Svahn Johanna , Willemze Roelof , Barrenetxea Cristina , Mialou Valerie , Soulier Jean , Ayas Mouhab , Oneto Rosi , Bacigalupo Andrea , Marsh Judith C. W. , Peters Christina , Socie Gerard , Dufour Carlo
Published: October 2013

Key Points

The best survival benefit of HSCT is observed in patients with FA who are transplanted before 10 years with bone marrow after a fludarabine-based regimen. Long-term outcome of patients with FA after transplantation is mainly affected by secondary malignancies and chronic graft-versus-host disease.
Smoldering multiple myeloma requiring treatment: time for a new definition?
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Stewart A. Keith , Chanan-Khan Asher , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kyle Robert A. , Fonseca Rafael , Kapoor Prashant , Bergsagel P. Leif , McCurdy Arleigh , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Reeder Craig , Roy Vivek , Buadi Francis , Dingli David , Hayman Suzanne R. , Leung Nelson , Lin Yi , Mikhael Joseph , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: October 2013

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) bridges the gap between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (a mostly premalignant disorder) and active multiple myeloma (MM). Until recently, no interventional study in patients with SMM showed improved overall survival (OS) with therapy as compared with observation. A report from the PETHEMA-GEM (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematologica) group described both fewer myeloma-related events and better OS among patients with high-risk SMM who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. This unique study prompted us to review current knowledge about SMM and address the following questions: (1) Are there patients currently defined as SMM who should be treated routinely? (2) Should the definitions of SMM and MM be reconsidered? (3) Has the time come when not treating is more dangerous than treating? (4) Could unintended medical harm result from overzealous intervention? Our conclusion is that those patients with the highest-risk SMM (extreme bone marrow plasmacytosis, extremely abnormal serum immunoglobulin free light chain ratio, and multiple bone lesions detected only by modern imaging) should be reclassified as active MM so that they can receive MM-appropriate therapy and the paradigm of careful observation for patients with SMM can be preserved.
Investigation on flavonoid composition and anti free radical potential of Sida cordata
Authors: Shah Naseer Ali , Khan Muhammad Rashid , Ahmad Bushra , Noureen Farah , Rashid Umbreen , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: October 2013

Background

Sida cordata, a member of Family Malvaceae is used in folk medicine for various ailments including liver diseases. In this study we investigated, its flavonoid constituents, in vitro antioxidant potential against different free radicals and hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rat.

Methods

Dried powder of S. cordata whole plant was extracted with methanol and the resultant (SCME) obtained was fractionated with escalating polarity to obtain n-hexane fraction (SCHE), ethyl acetate fraction (SCEE), n-butanol fraction (SCBE) and the remaining soluble portion as aqueous fraction (SCAE). Diverse in vitro antioxidants assays such as DPPH, H2O2, •OH, ABTS, β-carotene bleaching assay, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity were studied to assess scavenging potential of methanol extract and its derived fractions. On account of marked scavenging activity SCEE was selected to investigate the hepatoprotective potential against CCl4 induced toxicity in Sprague–Dawley male rats by assessing the level of serum markers (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and γ-glutamyltransferase) and of liver antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-S-transfers (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Histology of the liver was performed to study alteration in histoarchitecture. Existence of active flavonoids was established by thin layer chromatographic studies.

Results

Considerable amount of flavonoid and phenolic contents were recorded in the methanol extract and its derived fractions. Although the extract and all its derived fractions exhibited good antioxidant activities however, the most distinguished scavenging potential was observed for SCEE. Treatment of SCEE decreased the elevated level of serum marker enzymes induced with CCl4 administration whereas increased the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GST, GSR and GSH-Px). Hepatic concentration of GSH was increased while lipid peroxidation was decreased with SCEE administration in CCl4 intoxicated rats. Presence of apigenin with some unknown compounds was observed in SCEE by using thin layer chromatography.

Conclusions

These results revealed the presence of some bioactive compound in the ethyl acetate fraction, confirming the utility of S. cordata against liver diseases in folk medicine.
Blood–brain-barriers in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Marques Fernanda , Sousa João Carlos , Sousa Nuno , Palha Joana Almeida
Published: October 2013

The aging process correlates with a progressive failure in the normal cellular and organ functioning; these alterations are aggravated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In both aging and AD there is a general decrease in the capacity of the body to eliminate toxic compounds and, simultaneously, to supply the brain with relevant growth and nutritional factors. The barriers of the brain are targets of this age related dysfunction; both the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier and the choroid plexus epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier decrease their secretory capacity towards the brain and their ability to remove toxic compounds from the brain. Additionally, during normal aging and in AD, the permeability of the brain barriers increase. As such, a greater contact of the brain parenchyma with the blood content alters the highly controlled neural environment, which impacts on neural function. Of interest, the brain barriers are more than mere obstacles to the passage of molecules and cells, and therefore active players in brain homeostasis, which is still to be further recognized and investigated in the context of health and disease. Herein, we provide a review on how the brain barriers change during aging and in AD and how these processes impact on brain function.
Coexistent Multiple Myeloma or Increased Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Define Equally High-Risk Populations in Patients With Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Kumar Shaji K. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Zeldenrust Steven , Leung Nelson , Kyle Robert A. , Russell Stephen , Dingli David , Lust John A. , Lin Yi , Kapoor Prashant , Rajkumar S. Vincent , McCurdy Arleigh , Dispenzieri Angela
Published: October 2013

Purpose

There is consensus that patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis with hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions attributable to clonal expansion of plasma cells (CRAB criteria) also have multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of this study was to examine the spectrum of immunoglobulin AL amyloidosis with and without MM, with a goal of defining the optimal bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) number to qualify as AL amyloidosis with MM.

Patients and Methods

We identified 1,255 patients with AL amyloidosis seen within 90 days of diagnosis between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. We defined a population of patients with coexisting MM on the basis of the existence of CRAB criteria (AL-CRAB). Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the optimal BMPC cut point to predict for 1-year mortality in patients with AL amyloidosis without CRAB to produce two additional groups: AL only (≤ 10% BMPCs) and AL plasma cell MM (AL-PCMM; > 10% BMPCs).

Results

Among the 1,255 patients, 100 (8%) had AL-CRAB, 476 (38%) had AL-PCMM, and 679 (54%) had AL only. Their respective median overall survival rates were 10.6, 16.2, and 46 months (P < .001). Because the outcomes of AL-CRAB and AL-PCMM were similar, they were pooled for univariate and multivariate analyses. On multivariate analysis, pooled AL-CRAB and AL-PCMM retained negative prognostic value independent of age, Mayo Clinic AL amyloidosis stage, prior autologous stem-cell transplantation, and difference between the involved and uninvolved free light chain.

Conclusion

Patients with AL amyloidosis who have more than 10% BMPCs have a poor prognosis, similar to that of patients with AL-CRAB, and should therefore be considered together as AL amyloidosis with MM.
En nombre del hogar proletario: Engendering the 1917 Great Railroad Strike in Argentina
Authors: Palermo Silvana Alejandra
Published: October 2013

This article explores working-class families’ modes of collective action in Argentina’s first national railroad strike in 1917. While historical literature has largely focused on the role of railroad unions in labor politics, insufficient attention has been paid to community mobilization and family support in this labor protest. This study offers a fresh approach to this massive social conflict by reconstructing female public participation in its events. The study also takes gender as a category for analyzing the cultural meanings of sexual difference, which shaped both the political sociability of working-class families and their language of rights. Drawing on a variety of sources, such as trade-union journals, the left-wing press, major national newspapers, company documents, official records, and memoirs of labor militants, the essay contends that the great railroad strike was in essence a family enterprise. It represented a landmark in the making of the railwayman as the male breadwinner at the same time that it prompted an acknowledgment of working-class women’s rights in the public domain.
A non-canonical di-acidic signal at the C-terminal of Kv1.3 determines anterograde trafficking and surface expression
Authors: Martínez-Mármol Ramón , Pérez-Verdaguer Mireia , Roig Sara R. , Vallejo-Gracia Albert , Gotsi Pelagia , Serrano-Albarrás Antonio , Bahamonde Mª Isabel , Ferrer-Montiel Antonio , Fernández-Ballester Gregorio , Comes Núria , Felipe Antonio
Published: October 2013

Impairment of Kv1.3 membrane expression in leukocytes and sensory neuron contributes to the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases and sensory syndromes. Molecular mechanisms underlying Kv1.3 channel trafficking to the plasma membrane remain elusive. We report a novel non-canonical di-acidic signal (E483/484) at the C-terminus of Kv1.3 essential for anterograde transport and surface expression. Notably, homologous motifs are conserved in neuronal Kv1 and Shaker channels. Biochemical analysis reveals interactions with the Sec24 subunit of the coat protein complex II. Disruption of this complex drastically retains the channel at the endoplasmic reticulum. A molecular model of the Kv1.3-Sec24a complex suggests salt-bridges between the di-acidic E483/484 motif in Kv1.3 and the di-basic R750/752 sequence in Sec24. These findings identify a novel and previously unrecognized motif of Kv channels essential for their expression in the cell surface. Our results contribute to our understanding of how Kv1 channels target to the cell membrane, and provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pathological conditions.
Radial extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinitis
Authors: Kolk A. , Auw Yang K. G. , Tamminga R. , van der Hoeven H.
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of radial extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (rESWT) on patients with chronic tendinitis of the rotator cuff. This was a randomised controlled trial in which 82 patients (mean age 47 years (24 to 67)) with chronic tendinitis diagnosed clinically were randomly allocated to a treatment group who received low-dose rESWT (three sessions at an interval 10 to 14 days, 2000 pulses, 0.11 mJ/mm2, 8 Hz) or to a placebo group, with a follow-up of six months. The patients and the treating orthopaedic surgeon, who were both blinded to the treatment, evaluated the results. A total of 44 patients were allocated to the rESWT group and 38 patients to the placebo group. A visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, a Constant–Murley (CMS) score and a simple shoulder test (SST) score significantly improved in both groups at three and six months compared with baseline (all p ≤ 0.012). The mean VAS was similar in both groups at three (p = 0.43) and six months (p = 0.262). Also, the mean CMS and SST scores were similar in both groups at six months (p = 0.815 and p = 0.834, respectively).

It would thus seem that low-dose rESWT does not reduce pain or improve function in patients chronic rotator cuff tendinitis compared with placebo treatment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1521–6.
The blood supply to the femoral head after posterior fracture/dislocation of the hip, assessed by CT angiography
Authors: Zlotorowicz M. , Czubak J. , Caban A. , Kozinski P. , Boguslawska-Walecka R.
Published: October 2013

The femoral head receives blood supply mainly from the deep branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA). In previous studies we have performed anatomical dissections of 16 specimens and subsequently visualised the arteries supplying the femoral head in 55 healthy individuals. In this further radiological study we compared the arterial supply of the femoral head in 35 patients (34 men and one woman, mean age 37.1 years (16 to 64)) with a fracture/dislocation of the hip with a historical control group of 55 hips. Using CT angiography, we identified the three main arteries supplying the femoral head: the deep branch and the postero-inferior nutrient artery both arising from the MFCA, and the piriformis branch of the inferior gluteal artery. It was possible to visualise changes in blood flow after fracture/dislocation.

Our results suggest that blood flow is present after reduction of the dislocated hip. The deep branch of the MFCA was patent and contrast-enhanced in 32 patients, and the diameter of this branch was significantly larger in the fracture/dislocation group than in the control group (p = 0.022). In a subgroup of ten patients with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, we found a contrast-enhanced deep branch of the MFCA in eight hips. Two patients with no blood flow in any of the three main arteries supplying the femoral head developed AVN.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1453–7.
Genetic Variants in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Pathway as Potential Markers of Ovarian Cancer Risk, Therapeutic Response, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Meng Qing H , Xu Enping , Hildebrandt Michelle A T , Liang Dong , Lu Karen , Ye Yuanqing , Wagar Elizabeth A , Wu Xifeng
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) axis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, but little is known of its influence in ovarian cancer. We sought to determine the association of genetic variants in the FGF pathway with risk, therapeutic response, and survival of patients with ovarian cancer.

METHODS

We matched 339 non-Hispanic white ovarian cancer cases with 349 healthy controls and genotyped them for 183 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 24 FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) genes. Genetic associations for the main effect, gene–gene interactions, and the cumulative effect were determined.

RESULTS

Multiple SNPs in the FGF–FGFR axis were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. In particular, FGF1 [fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic)] SNP rs7727832 showed the most significant association with ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.31–3.95). Ten SNPs were associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. FGF18 (fibroblast growth factor 18) SNP rs3806929, FGF7 (fibroblast growth factor 7) SNP rs9920722, FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) SNP rs12812339, and FGF5 (fibroblast growth factor 5) SNP rs3733336 were significantly associated with a favorable treatment response, with a reduction of risk of nonresponse of 40% to 60%. Eleven SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival. Of these SNPs, FGF23 rs7961824 was the most significantly associated with improved prognosis (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39–0.78) and was associated with significantly longer survival durations, compared with individuals with the common genotype at this locus (58.1 months vs. 38.0 months, P = 0.005). Survival tree analysis revealed FGF2 rs167428 as the primary factor contributing to overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Significant associations of genetic variants in the FGF pathway were associated with ovarian cancer risk, therapeutic response, and survival. The discovery of multiple SNPs in the FGF–FGFR pathway provides a molecular approach for risk assessment, monitoring therapeutic response, and prognosis.
Molecular interactions of hemoglobin with resveratrol: potential protective antioxidant role and metabolic adaptations of the erythrocyte
Authors: Tellone Ester , De Rosa Maria Cristina , Pirolli Davide , Russo Annamaria , Giardina Bruno , Galtieri Antonio , Ficarra Silvana
Published: October 2013

This article reports the role of resveratrol in the erythrocyte as a result of its interaction with hemoglobin and describes the effect of this interaction on the metabolism, the redox state, and the release of ATP. The drug crosses the erythrocyte membrane and binds to hemoglobin, altering its modulation and the release of ATP. Our study correlates the variation of the phosphorylation balance induced by resveratrol with the change in the intracellular concentration of ATP and with the decrease in ATP release from red blood cell and the consequent paracrine alteration on the vascular epithelium. Molecular docking calculations indicate larger specificity of binding for oxy-hemoglobin that correlates well with the stabilization of the R-quaternary structure and with the functional modulation of resveratrol on the protein. Finally, we locate a putative binding site at the central cavity of hemoglobin and characterize its key interacting residues with the drug. Computational results support the assumption that resveratrol may act as a protector agent against oxidative protein damage by interacting with hemoglobin.
Measles in Children Vaccinated With 2 Doses of MMR
Authors: Defay Fannie , De Serres Gaston , Skowronski Danuta M. , Boulianne Nicole , Ouakki Manale , Landry Monique , Brousseau Nicholas , Ward Brian J.
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:

A previous measles outbreak investigation in a high school in Quebec, Canada identified 2-dose vaccine effectiveness of 94%. The risk of measles in 2-dose recipients was significantly higher (2–4 times) when measles vaccine was first administered at 12 versus ≥15 months of age, with no significant effect of the age at second dose. Generalizability of this association was also assessed in the expanded provincial data set of notified cases.

METHODS:

This matched case–control study included only 2-dose recipients. All confirmed (laboratory or epidemiologically linked) cases in patients aged 5 to 17 years were included. Each case was matched to 5 controls.

RESULTS:

A total of 102 cases and 510 controls were included; 89% of cases were in patients 13 to 17 years old. When the first dose was administered at 12 to 13 months compared with ≥15 months of age, the risk of measles in participants outside the outbreak school was 6 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.33–29.3) and was 5.2 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.91–14.3) in the pooled estimate (participants from the outbreak school + outside that school).

CONCLUSIONS:

A significantly greater risk of measles among 2-dose recipients whose first dose was given at 12 to 13 months rather than ≥15 months of age is confirmed in the larger Quebec data set. The mechanism remains unknown, but vaccine failures in 2-dose recipients could have substantial implications for measles elimination efforts through 2-dose vaccination. The optimal age at first dose may warrant additional evaluation.
Health Outcomes Associated With Transition From Pediatric to Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care
Authors: Tuchman Lisa , Schwartz Michael
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND:

Almost half of individuals who have cystic fibrosis (CF) are over 18 years old, thus safely transferring patients from pediatric to adult care is a priority. The purpose of this study is to compare youth transferred from pediatric to adult CF care versus those remaining in pediatric CF care and quantify the relationship between transfer status and health outcomes.

METHODS:

Patients who transferred from pediatric to adult CF care were identified from the CF Foundation Patient Registry from 1997 to 2007. Transferred patients were compared with individuals who have similar baseline characteristics who remained in pediatric care throughout the same time period. The main outcome measures include pulmonary function, nutritional status, care use, and home intravenous antibiotic events per year. A propensity-matched analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

Fifty-eight percent of patients remained in pediatric programs throughout the study period. The mean age at transfer to adult care was 21.2 (1.3) years. In the 2 years after transfer there was a less rapid decline in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 0.78 percentage points per year among transfer-positive patients compared with transfer-negative ones (95% confidence interval; 0.06–1.51); there were no other significant health related changes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current study contradicts reports of other chronic childhood conditions, in which transfer between the pediatric and adult health system was associated with adverse health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term relationship between transition practices and health status outcomes to establish a systematic, evidence-based transition process.
Microbial Contamination of Human Milk Purchased Via the Internet
Authors: Keim Sarah A. , Hogan Joseph S. , McNamara Kelly A. , Gudimetla Vishnu , Dillon Chelsea E. , Kwiek Jesse J. , Geraghty Sheela R.
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To quantify microbial contamination of human milk purchased via the Internet as an indicator of disease risk to recipient infants.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional sample of human milk purchased via a popular US milk-sharing Web site (2012). Individuals advertising milk were contacted to arrange purchase, and milk was shipped to a rented mailbox in Ohio. The Internet milk samples (n = 101) were compared with unpasteurized samples of milk donated to a milk bank (n = 20).

RESULTS:

Most (74%) Internet milk samples were colonized with Gram-negative bacteria or had >104 colony-forming units/mL total aerobic count. They exhibited higher mean total aerobic, total Gram-negative, coliform, and Staphylococcus sp counts than milk bank samples. Growth of most species was positively associated with days in transit (total aerobic count [log10 colony-forming units/mL] β = 0.71 [95% confidence interval: 0.38–1.05]), and negatively associated with number of months since the milk was expressed (β = −0.36 [95% confidence interval: −0.55 to −0.16]), per simple linear regression. No samples were HIV type 1 RNA-positive; 21% of Internet samples were cytomegalovirus DNA-positive.

CONCLUSIONS:

Human milk purchased via the Internet exhibited high overall bacterial growth and frequent contamination with pathogenic bacteria, reflecting poor collection, storage, or shipping practices. Infants consuming this milk are at risk for negative outcomes, particularly if born preterm or are medically compromised. Increased use of lactation support services may begin to address the milk supply gap for women who want to feed their child human milk but cannot meet his or her needs.
Avoiding Endotracheal Ventilation to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Fischer Hendrik S. , Bührer Christoph
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most common morbidities of very preterm infants. Our objective was to investigate the effect that strategies to avoid endotracheal mechanical ventilation (eMV) have on the incidence of BPD in preterm infants <30 weeks’ gestational age (GA).

METHODS:

In February 2013, we searched the databases Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Study selection criteria included randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals since the year 2000 that compared preterm infants <30 weeks’ GA treated by using a strategy aimed at avoiding eMV with a control group in which mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube was performed at an earlier stage. Data were extracted and analyzed by using the standard methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. The authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias, extracted data and calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, employing RevMan version 5.1.6.

RESULTS:

We identified 7 trials that included a total of 3289 infants. The combined odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of death or BPD was 0.83 (0.71–0.96). The number needed to treat was 35. The study results were remarkably homogeneous. Avoiding eMV had no influence on the incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Strategies aimed at avoiding eMV in infants <30 weeks’ GA have a small but significant beneficial impact on preventing BPD.
Robotsebészet
Authors: Sándor József , Haidegger Tamás , Kormos Katalin , Ferencz Andrea , Csukás Domokos , Bráth Endre , Szabó Györgyi , Wéber György
Published: October 2013

Absztrakt

A laparoscopos cholecystectomia gyors elterjedése a világon lényegesen átformálta a sebészi tevékenységet. Az új technika a hasi és a mellkasi műtéteknél egyaránt lehetőséget nyújtott a minimálisan invazív behatolásra, annak valamennyi előnyével. Az ipari alkalmazásokhoz már korábban kifejlesztett robottechnika összekapcsolódott a laparoscopos műtétekkel. A létrejött robotasszisztált sebészet ergonómiailag előnyösebb a műtétet végző sebésznek, ugyanakkor a megőrzött háromdimenziós látásmóddal végzett pontosabb preparálás előnyös a beteg számára. A robotsebészeti rendszerek árának csökkenésével, az újabb generációs, továbbfejlesztett berendezések megjelenésével a napi sebészi tevékenység átalakulása várható.
Forma nervosa da artrite-encefalite caprina
Authors: Guedes Karla Moraes Rocha , Mustafa Vanessa da Silva , Pedroso Pedro Miguel Ocampos , Driemeier David , Ximenes Fábio Henrique Bezerra , Melo Cristiano Barros de , Borges José Renato Junqueira , Castro Márcio Botelho de
Published: October 2013

São descritos dois casos de caprinos, fêmeas, mestiços da raça Saanen de dois meses de idade com sinais clínicos de paresia de membros posteriores, incoordenação, dificuldade respiratória e caquexia, que foram submetidos à eutanásia, devido ao prognóstico desfavorável. Na necropsia, observou-se congestão do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e consolidação pulmonar nos dois caprinos. Microscopicamente, as alterações foram caracterizadas por leucoencefalomielite linfoplasmocítica multifocal, com vacuolização do neurópilo e esferoides axonais, leptomeningite, pneumonia intersticial não supurativa no caprino A e broncopneumonia bacteriana no caprino B. O exame de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi positivo para o vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina em fragmento de tálamo. A prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi realizada em vinte animais do rebanho de origem e dezesseis animais foram positivos. O diagnóstico da forma nervosa da infecção pelo vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina (CAEV) foi baseado no quadro clínico-patológico, IHQ e IDGA. Esta apresentação clínica da CAE pode ser pouco comum no Brasil, mas deve ser considerada em caso de doenças neurológicas em pequenos ruminantes.
O ambiente macroeconômico e o bem-estar social: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre relações e controvérsias
Authors: Martini Ricardo Agostini , Jayme Junior Frederico G. , Oliveira Ana Maria Hermeto Camilo de
Published: October 2013

De acordo com estudos recentes, sabe-se que os choques nas variáveis agregadas implicam em impactos diferenciados sobre o sistema econômico, afetando mais alguns setores ou agentes do que outros de acordo com suas as características. Teoricamente, os mecanismos que diferenciam os efeitos dos choques entre os agentes e os setores da economia são as variações de preços relativos dos diferentes produtos e fatores de produção, a variação da demanda por mão de obra, as características dos trabalhadores e o direcionamento das políticas públicas vigentes. Nesse sentido, mediante uma revisão bibliográfica teórica e empírica sobre a relação entre o desempenho macroeconômico dos países e o bem-estar social, o objetivo do presente artigo é procurar respostas para três questões. Primeira: quais são os agentes econômicos que mais sofrem as recessões? Segunda: quais são os agentes que mais se beneficiam do crescimento econômico? Terceira: quais são as políticas relacionadas com a administração macroeconômica dos problemas sociais?
In Reply
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Rosato Valentina , Buniato Danilo , Zambon Antonella , La Vecchia Carlo , Corrao Giovanni
Published: October 2013

The sensitivity analyses suggested in the Letter to the Editor by de Vries et al. was performed, but no material change in relative risk for bladder cancer was found. This is not surprising given the limited contribution of the studies excluded in the sensitivity analyses.
The sexual neighborhood through time: competition and facilitation for pollination in Lobelia cardinalis
Authors: Bartkowska Magdalena P. , Johnston Mark O.
Published: October 2013

Reproductive success in flowering plants is influenced by the morphology and timing of reproductive structures as well as the density of surrounding conspecifics. In species with separate male and female flower phases, successful pollen transfer is also expected to vary with the density and ratio of surrounding male and female flowers. Increased density of surrounding flowers may increase pollinator visitation rates, but the densities of male and female flowers will determine the availability of pollen and the strength of competition for pollen receipt. Here we (1) quantify the influence of surrounding plant density on total seasonal fruit and seed production, (2) quantify the influence of sexual neighborhood (surrounding sex ratio and densities of male‐ and female‐phase flowers) on fruit and seed production for individual flowers presented within the season, and (3) compare the influence of plant density on fitness to that of focal plant phenotype, specifically stigma–nectary distance and plant height, in a natural population of the pollen‐limited, hummingbird‐pollinated hermaphrodite Lobelia cardinalis. These relationships were examined at four spatial scales (10, 20, 50, and 100 cm). By examining temporal and spatial scales we found that (1) total seed production per plant decreased with increasing plant density at the smallest scale but increased with increasing density at all larger scales; (2) at any given time, a female‐phase flower benefited from a higher density of surrounding male‐phase flowers and a lower density of surrounding female‐phase flowers; (3) when sex ratio was explicitly analyzed, a female‐phase flower benefited from a lower proportion of surrounding female flowers as well as a lower total flower density; and (4) at the whole‐plant level, taller plants were more likely to produce fruit (even when accounting for total number of flowers produced), consistent with pollinator preference for taller floral displays. Our results suggest that the local density of male and female flowers (and surrounding sex ratio) influences successful pollen transfer, implying that the local floral environment may shape how attraction traits like plant height are related to fitness.
Downscaling the environmental associations and spatial patterns of species richness
Authors: Keil Petr , Jetz Walter
Published: October 2013

We introduce a method that enables the estimation of species richness–environment association and prediction of geographic patterns of species richness at grains finer than the original grain of observation. The method is based on a hierarchical model that uses coarse‐grain values of species richness and fine‐grain environmental data as input. In the model, the (unobserved) fine‐grain species richness is linked to the observed fine‐grain environment and upscaled using a simple species–area relationship (SAR). The upscaled values are then stochastically linked to the observed coarse‐grain species richness. We tested the method on Southern African Bird Atlas data by downscaling richness from 2° to 0.25° (∼250 km to ∼30 km) resolution. When prior knowledge of the SAR slope (average species turnover within coarse‐grain cells) was available, the method predicted the fine‐grain relationship between richness and environment and provided fine‐grain predictions of richness that closely resembled results from native fine‐grain models. Without the SAR knowledge the method still accurately quantified the richness–environment relationship, but accurately predicted only relative (rank) values of richness. The approach can be easily extended and it is a powerful path for cross‐scale statistical modeling of richness–environment relationships, and for the provision of high‐resolution maps for basic science and conservation.
Identifying US Veterans Who Access Services From Health Care for the Homeless Clinics
Authors: Knopf-Amelung Sarah M. , Jenkins Darlene M.
Published: October 2013

Research on veterans experiencing homelessness is predominantly focused on the US Department of Veterans Affairs setting, despite the fact that substantial numbers receive services from Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) clinics. We explored how HCH clinics identified veteran patients through a survey of administrators (49% response rate). The majority (98%) identified veterans but used varied language and approaches. Implementing a streamlined, culturally competent identification process is vital to collecting accurate data, connecting veterans with benefits, and informing treatment plans.
Latent Homeless Risk Profiles of a National Sample of Homeless Veterans and Their Relation to Program Referral and Admission Patterns
Authors: Tsai Jack , Kasprow Wesley J. , Rosenheck Robert A.
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We identified risk and need profiles of homeless veterans and examined the relation between profiles and referrals and admissions to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) homeless service programs.

Methods. We examined data from the VA’s new Homeless Operations Management and Evaluation System on 120 852 veterans from 142 sites nationally in 2011 and 2012 using latent class analyses based on 9 homeless risk factors. The final 4-class solution compared both referral and admission to VA homeless services.

Results. We identified 4 latent classes: relatively few problems, dual diagnosis, poverty–substance abuse–incarceration, and disabling medical problems. Homeless veterans in the first group were more likely to be admitted to the VA’s permanent supportive housing program, whereas those in the second group were more likely to be admitted to more restrictive VA residential treatment. Homeless veterans in the third group were more likely to be admitted to the VA’s prisoner re-entry program, and those in the fourth group were more likely to be directed to VA medical services.

Conclusions. The heterogeneous risk and need profiles of homeless veterans supported the diversity of VA homeless services and encouraged the development of specialized services to meet their diverse needs.
Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Homelessness and the Impact of Axis I and II Disorders
Authors: Roos Leslie E. , Mota Natalie , Afifi Tracie O. , Katz Laurence Y. , Distasio Jino , Sareen Jitender
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We investigated the links between homelessness associated with serious mental and physical healthy disparities and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in nationally representative data, with Axis I and II disorders as potential mediators.

Methods. We examined data from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions in 2001–2002 and 2004–2005, and included 34 653 participants representative of the noninstitutionalized US population who were 20 years old or older. We studied the variables related to 4 classes of Axis I disorders, all 10 Axis II personality disorders, a wide range of ACEs, and a lifetime history of homelessness.

Results. Analyses revealed high prevalences of each ACE in individuals experiencing lifetime homelessness (17%–60%). A mediation model with Axis I and II disorders determined that childhood adversities were significantly related to homelessness through direct effects (adjusted odd ratios = 2.04, 4.24) and indirect effects, indicating partial mediation. Population attributable fractions were also reported.

Conclusions. Although Axis I and II disorders partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and homelessness, a strong direct association remained. This novel finding has implications for interventions and policy. Additional research is needed to understand relevant causal pathways.