bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of chemical and organic fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant
Authors: JANMOHAMMADI Mohsen , SUFI-MAHMOUDI Zahed , AHADNEZHAD Amin , YOUSEFZADEH Saeed , SABAGHNIA Naser
Published: October 2014

Two field experiments were carried out to study the response of Dracocephalum moldavica L. to NPK fertilizer and different application techniques of MOG organic fertilizer in two regions of Iran (Piranshahr with cold Mediterranean climate and clay loam soil,  Maragheh with cool sub-humid temperate climate and sandy loam  soil). MOG is bio-organic fertilizer with plant origin and contains different natural enzymes and amino acids. In current study following treatments have been applied: NPK (a complete NPK 20-20-20, 90 kg fertilizer ha-1); MOG1 (soil application of MOG organic fertilizer at sowing stage); MOG2 (foliar application of MOG organic fertilizer at early stage of flowering); MOG3 (soil application of MOG organic fertilizer at sowing and at 5 to 6 leaf stage); MOG4 (soil application of MOG organic fertilizer at sowing and at 5 to 6 leaf stage with foliar application at early stage of flowering). Results indicated that all MOG treatments overcome the chemical fertilizers in both locations. However, plants grown in Piranshahr were more responsive to MOG fertilizer treatments than those grown in Mragheh. Overall, it could be concluded that utilization of MOG fertilizer as both soil and foliar application (MOG4) may increase content and yield of essential oil, which could be suggested as a suitable alternative for chemical fertilizers.
Impact of different culture media on hairy roots growth of Valeriana officinalis L.
Authors: PAKDIN PARIZI Ali , FARSI Mohammad , NEMATZADEH Ghorban-Ali , MIRSHAMSI Amin
Published: October 2014

Transformed hairy root cultures of Valeriana officinalis were established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. To determine the effect of different media on the growth of V. officinalis hairy roots, MS, B5 media (1.0X and 0.5X strength), N6 medium and a modified MS medium without phytohormones were used. In addition, different NH4+ to NO3- ratios in MS medium were studied. The effects of these treatments were evaluated after 21 days of culture in relation to hairy root growth. B5 and ½ B5 media were the best basal media for hairy root growth. MS medium supplemented with a 20:20 ratio (mM) of NH4+ to NO3- displayed highest growth rates and biomass yield in hairy root cultures. The present study demonstrated that the composition of culture medium and the ratio of different nitrogen sources have significant impact on the growth of V. officinalis hairy roots.
α-Amylase Aspergillus oryzae Immobilized on Modified Expanded Perlite
Authors: Rodriguez J. , Soria F. , Geronazzo H. , Destefanis H.
Published: October 2014

The α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized covalently onto expanded perlite (EP) and modified EP by treatment with TiO2 (EP-TiO2), dye HE3B (EP-HE3B) polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-hydrazide (EP-PET) and magnetite (EP-magnetite). The modified EP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supports were functionalized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The optimum pH for free and immobilized α-amylase was 5.5. Temperature of maximum activity for free enzyme and immobilized enzyme on EP-HE3B was 50°C. The immobilized enzyme in EP-APTES this value was 55°C. The immobilized α-amylase in EP-APTES and EP-HE3B-APTES exhibited better thermostability than free enzyme. The immobilized derivatives showed moderate operational stability by retaining 50% of initial activity after seven successive reuses.
Physical, Thermal and Water-Sorption Properties of Passion Fruit Seeds
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Silvio J. , Váquiro Henry A. , Villa-Vélez Harvey A. , Polachini Tiago C. , Telis-Romero Javier
Published: October 2014

Passion fruit seeds are an important by-product of the juice industry. In this study, physical, thermal and water-sorption properties of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) seeds were determined. The knowledge of such properties is useful to design equipment or operations for storage or processing purposes. The physical properties of bulk density, particle density and bulk porosity, and the thermal properties of conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat were determined between water and mass fractions of 0.126 and 0.493. The thermal properties were determined for packed beds of seeds (effective properties), by means of which the thermal properties of the seeds (particle properties) were estimated. Different empirical models were evaluated for modeling the physical and thermal properties as function of moisture content. Physical and thermal properties were successfully described by a second-order polynomial, except by the specific heat which was described by a second-order logarithmic relationship. The isosteric heat, the differential entropy and the Gibbs free energy of water sorption were estimated using the Henderson model, which best fitted the experimental desorption isotherms at temperatures between 30°C and 70°C and relative humidities between 2% and 90%.
Topoi in der Musik Béla Bartóks
Authors: Hunkemöller Jürgen
Published: October 2014

The recognition of topoi, i.e. traditional formulae, is an important means of musical analysis. To illustrate this, the paper discusses the types of the battaglia and the pastoral in Bach’s Cantata Halt im Gedächtnis Jesum Christ, and briefly enumerates different types of allusions to jazz in 20th-century compositions by Stravinsky, Milhaud, Blacher, Tippet, and Zimmermann. Then it raises the possibility of an analysis of topoi in Bartók’s music in four main categories. It considers Bartók’s musical quotations from Bach to Shostakovich; the chorale as special topos appearing in Mikrokosmos, in the Concerto for Orchestra, in the Adagio religioso of the Third Piano Concerto; the topos-like employment of the tritone; and finally the idea of a Bartókian Arcadia in the Finale of Music for Strings, and the integration of bird song in the Adagio religioso.
Making gender relevant in Spanish-language sports broadcast discourse
Authors: Cashman Holly R. , Raymond Chase Wesley
Published: October 2014

Using the US Spanish-language television broadcasts of the FIFA Women’s World Cup soccer (football) tournament, the present study offers an analysis of the crucial role that language plays in the gendering of sport. Despite the framing of the coverage as a celebration of women’s participation in sports, this was undermined by the sometimes covert, sometimes overt, objectification, trivialization and patronizing of the players and their sport during the broadcast. We examine the ground-level interactional practices through which this marginalization was achieved. First we consider references to persons, presenting overarching quantitative distributions as well as contextualized examples. We then highlight how gender is brought to the interactional surface and made relevant – to the speakers themselves and to the at-home audience – through the discursive dichotomization of women’s versus men’s soccer, with particular attention to the ways in which topicalization of gender-based differences can pave the way for the recreation of gender-based inequalities. Finally, we illustrate how gendering soccer reflects and transcends the game itself, invoking and reestablishing normative gender roles and expectations in and from society.
Linguistic manifestation of gender reinforcement through the use of the Japanese term kawaii
Authors: Asano-Cavanagh Yuko
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the Japanese word kawaii. Japanese women frequently use kawaii to express positive feelings towards objects or people. Scholars suggest that Japanese women are making kawaii a part of their gender identity. From a linguistic perspective, kawaii is not lexicalised in other languages. Although the kawaii phenomenon has been thoroughly examined, there has been no rigorous semantic analysis. In this study, the framework of the natural semantic metalanguage approach was applied to explicate the meaning of kawaii. The analysis indicates that the core meaning of kawaii is explained as ‘when people see this thing, they can’t not feel something very good, like people often can’t not feel something very good when they see a small child’. The kawaii syndrome reveals a Japanese cultural characteristic that puts emphasis on being ‘gender appropriate’ in society. The analysis has implications for understanding gender construction and expression in non-Western cultures.
Gender-specification and occupational nouns
Authors: Lipovsky Caroline
Published: October 2014

This article examines the representation of the sexes in the language of job advertisements in France, given legislation outlawing gender discrimination in employment and the consequent feminist language reform initiatives. Specifically, it analyses a data set collected from the employment sections of the French national newspapers Le Figaro, Le Monde and Aujourd’hui en France, focusing on linguistic strategies that reflect that the advertised position is open to both female and male applicants. The analysis shows that in most cases the gender bias has been removed by means of the minimalist strategy of adding the descriptor H/F (homme/femme = man/woman) to a masculine occupational noun. The analysis also reveals that a mere one-third of the advertisements are truly gender-inclusive, using epicene occupational nouns, or nouns in both the feminine and the masculine forms, and gender-inclusive text, or focusing on the tasks to be accomplished rather than on the job applicant.
Review: Research Data Management: Practical Strategies for Information Professionals
Authors: Donnelly Martin
Published: October 2014

A review of Research data management: Practical strategies for information professionals, edited by Joyce Ray, Purdue University Press, 30 Jan 2014, paperback, 436 pp., ISBN-10: 1-55753-664-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-55753-664-8.
Towards Automated Design, Analysis and Optimization of Declarative Curation Workflows
Authors: Song Tianhong , KoÌˆhler Sven , LudÃ¤scher Bertram , Hanken James , Kelly Maureen , Lowery David , Macklin James A. , Morris Paul J. , Morris Robert A.
Published: October 2014

Data curation is increasingly important. Our previous work on a Kepler curation package has demonstrated advantages that come from automating data curation pipelines by using workflow systems. However, manually designed curation workflows can be error-prone and inefficient due to a lack of user understanding of the workflow system, misuse of actors, or human error. Correcting problematic workflows is often very time-consuming. A more proactive workflow system can help users avoid such pitfalls. For example, static analysis before execution can be used to detect the potential problems in a workflow and help the user to improve workflow design. In this paper, we propose a declarative workflow approach that supports semi-automated workflow design, analysis and optimization. We show how the workflow design engine helps users to construct data curation workflows, how the workflow analysis engine detects different design problems of workflows and how workflows can be optimized by exploiting parallelism.
On lp-convergence of Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators with respect to arbitrary measure
Authors: Berdysheva Elena , Li Bing-Zheng
Published: October 2014

We consider Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators with respect to arbitrary measure
on the simplex in the space Rd. We obtain estimates for rate of convergence
in the corresponding weighted Lp-spaces, 1 ? p < ?.
Weighted Markov-Bernstein inequalities for entire functions of exponential type
Authors: Lubinsky Doron
Published: October 2014

We prove weighted Markov-Bernstein inequalities of the form ????
|f?(x)|pw(x) dx ? C(? + 1)p ???? |f(x)|pw(x) dx Here w satisfies certain
doubling type properties, f is an entire function of exponential type ? ?, p
> 0, and C is independent of f and ?. For example, w(x) = (1 + x2)?
satisfies the conditions for any ? ? R. Classical doubling inequalities of
Mastroianni and Totik inspired this result.
Frequency of and risk factors associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in Quarter Horses at two Midwestern racetracks: 67 cases (2000–2011)
Authors: Beisser Andrea , McClure Scott , Rezabek Grant , Soring Keith H. , Wang Chong
Published: October 2014

Objective—To determine the incidence and anatomic location of and potential risk factors for catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMIs) in racing Quarter Horses.

Design—Retrospective matched case-control study.

Animals—67 racing Quarter Horse racehorses euthanized because of CMIs and 134 matched controls.

Procedures—Data for Quarter Horses that sustained CMIs and the total number of race starts for each year were obtained from 2 Midwestern racing jurisdictions from 2000 through 2011. Information for each horse with a CMI and for 2 randomly selected control horses that ran in the same race but did not incur a CMI were obtained from race records, past performance reports, and video analysis.

Results—There were 61,797 race starts and 82 CMIs from 2000 through 2011 at the 2 racetracks studied, for an overall CMI incidence of 1.33 CMIs/1,000 starts. Sixty-seven horses with CMIs for which complete data were available and 134 matched control horses were included in the study. There was no difference in the incidence of CMIs between the 2 racetracks or over the years studied. The right forelimb was injured in 38 of the 67 (56.7%) horses. Injures to the carpus (24/67 [35.8%]) and metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock joint; 23/67 [34.3%]) occurred most frequently. Case-control data indicated that the horses with a CMI had fewer starts, were more likely to have stumbled at the break, had a more erratic stride, were fatigued, and trailed in the race, compared with matched controls from the same races. Irrespective of race distance, most of the horses (47/67 [70.1%]) were injured after or within 10 yards before the finish line.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The results of the present study may aid in the identification of racing Quarter Horses at risk for CMIs. The cluster of injuries near the finish line provides a specific focus for future research into methods of injury prevention in this population of racehorses.
Exceptionally low rotavirus incidence in the Netherlands in 2013/14 in the absence of rotavirus vaccination
Authors: Hahné S , Hooiveld M , Vennema H , van Ginkel A , de Melker H , Wallinga J , van Pelt W , Bruijning-Verhagen P
Published: October 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Crystal orientation measurements using transmission and backscattering
Authors: Chan Wing S. , Mah Merlin L. , Voight Donald E. , Fitzpatrick Joan J. , Talghader Joseph J.
Published: October 2014

A method has been devised and tested for measuring the c-axis orientation of crystal grains in thin sections of glacier ice. The crystal orientation and grain size of ice are of great interest to glaciologists since these parameters contain information on the prior thermal and flow history of the ice. The traditional method of determining c-axis orientation involves a transmission measurement through an ice sample, a process that is time-consuming and therefore impractical for obtaining a continuous record. A reflection- or backscatter-based method could potentially be used inside boreholes, with bubbles as reflectors to avoid such drawbacks. The concept demonstration of this paper is performed on ice slices, enabling a direct comparison of accuracy with traditional methods. Measurements of the crystal orientations (θ, ϕ) in 11 grains showed an average error of ±0.8° in ϕ, with no grain error >1.4°. Measurements of θ showed an average error of ±8.2° on ten grains, with unexplained disagreement on the remaining grain. Although the technique is applied specifically to glacier ice, it should be generally applicable to any transparent birefringent polycrystalline material.
Solving Large Distribution Problems in Supply Chain Networks by a Column Generation Approach
Authors: Dondo Rodolfo G. , Mendez Carlos A.
Published: October 2014

Vehicle routing problems (VRP) are receiving a growing attention in process systems engineering due to its close relationship with supply chain issues. Its aim is to discover the best routes/schedules for a vehicles fleet fulfilling a number of transportation requests at “minimum cost”. Pick-up and delivery problems (PDP) are a class of VRP on which each request defines the shipping of a given load from a specified pickup site to a given customer. In order to account for a wider range of logistics problems, the so-called supply-chain management VRP (SCM-VRP) problem has been defined as a three-tier network of interconnected factories, warehouses and customers. In this problem, multiple products are to be delivered from some supply-sites to a number of customers through a routes-network in order to meet a set of given demands. The vehicle routes must satisfy capacity and timing constraints while minimizing an objective function stating the specified transportation cost. Pickup sites for each demand are decision variables rather than problem specifications. The SCM-VRP had been modeled as an MILP problem and the resolution of this formulation via a standard branch-and-cut software can provide optimal solutions to moderate size instances. In order to efficiently address larger problems, a decomposition method based on a column generation procedure is introduced in this work. In contrast to traditional columns generation approaches lying on dynamic-programming-procedures as route generators, an MILP formulation is here proposed to create the set of feasible routes and schedules at the slave level of the method. Furthermore, a branch-and-price method based on node-to-routes assignment decisions is constructed to better exploit the MILP route-generator. Finally, several benchmark examples were presented and satisfactorily solved.
Management Aspects of e-Government Projects
Authors: Karamagioli Evika , Gouscos Dimitris
Published: October 2014

On the basis of existing literature and benchmarking efforts for various facets of e-Government (expected benefits, existing barriers, methodological guidelines) the paper identifies a number of factors that affect e-Government projects (broader environment, political, funding, public management and service delivery frameworks, customer engagement, technology and effort supply, core processes) and proposes a holistic model for e-Government projects. On the basis of this holistic model, it is argued that realization of the e-Government process and operation of e-Government services exhibit complexity, emergent behaviour, and a number of characteristics of open and complex systems. These arguments, applied on a real example where empirical e-Government good practice is verified ex post via laws and principles governing the behaviour of general open systems, are considered to legitimise systems thinking about e-Government. It is proposed that further pursuing a systemic approach to e-Government projects represents, together with the deeper understanding of user needs, a major direction of further work for e-Government project management.
Towards Innovating Electronic Government Projects Management, Utilising Goal-Driven, Knowledge-Based Methods and Tools
Authors: Charalabidis Yannis , Sarantis Demetrios
Published: October 2014

Research shows that e-Government projects have higher failure rates than similar approaches in the private sector indicating the lack of a method to transfer knowledge and apply best management practices in an effective way. After stating the fundamental principles of project management and performing an identification of shortcomings of existing methodologies, that apply to public administration IT projects, the paper presents a conceptual model for e-Government project management that can be structured and adapted to cover all types of relevant projects in an out-of-the-box approach. Being goal oriented and supported by relevant tools, this knowledge base of predefined project components can then be populated and utilised in making more informed decisions for effective project management of e-Government initiatives. This way, the proposed method supports public officials and practitioners in learning from past experience projects and in designing and running e-Government projects in a more systematic manner, thus significantly increasing the likelihood of project success.
Multilevel Clustering of Induction Rules
Authors: Chemchem Amine , Drias Habiba , Djenouri Youcef
Published: October 2014

The tremendous size of data in nowadays world web invokes many data mining techniques. The recent emergence of some new data mining techniques provide also many interesting induction rules. So, it's important to process these induction rules in order to extract some new strong patterns called meta-rules. This work explores this concept by proposing a new support for induction rules clustering. Besides, a new clustering approach based on multilevel paradigm called multilevel clustering is developed for the purpose of treating large scale knowledge sets. The approach invokes k-means algorithm to cluster induction rules using new designed similarity measures. The developed module have been implemented in the core of the cognitive agent, in order to speed up its reasoning. This new architecture called Multilevel Miner Intelligent Agent (MMIA) is tested on four public benchmarks that contain 25000 rules, and compared to the classical one. As foreseeable, the multilevel clustering outperforms clearly the basic k-means algorithm on both the execution time and success rate criteria.
Multidimensional Ontology-Based Information Retrieval for Academic Counseling
Authors: Lam S. S. , Choi Samuel P. M.
Published: October 2014

Conventional information retrieval can only locate documents containing user specified keywords. Integrating domain ontology with information retrieval extends the keyword-based search to semantic search and thus potentially improves the precision and recall of the document retrieval. In this paper, a set of new multidimensional ontology-based information retrieval algorithms is proposed for searching both specific and related terms. In particular, the relevant data properties of an instance, the relevant concepts, the relevant related concepts, and the related instances of a given user query can be identified from the domain ontology via the multidimensional search. Using the proposed algorithms, an intelligent counselling system which provides 24x7 online academic counselling services is developed. Through an interactive user-interface and domain ontology, the system facilitates students to find desired information by reviewing and refining their query. The article also outlines how to enable ontology-based searching for a conventional website.
Insults and face work in the Bible
Authors: Pilch John J.
Published: October 2014

Insults play a key role in social interaction in the agonistic culture of the Middle East. This article constructs a social scientific model of social interaction regarding face work and insults and then filters the Gospel of Matthew through that model to highlight the prevalence of insult in the biblical world.
Toxicologie des mycotoxines : dangers et risques en alimentation humaine et animale
Authors: Galtier Pierre , Loiseau Nicolas , Oswald Isabelle Paule , Puel Olivier
Published: October 2014

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced on plants either in the field or during storage. These toxins are found as natural contaminants on numerous foods and feeds of plant origin, such as cereals, fruits, nuts, almonds, grains, fodder, as well as processed foods and feeds using these ingredients. The toxicity of mycotoxins varies, ranging from hepatotoxic or even carcinogenic (aflatoxins) effects, to estrogenic (zearalenone), immunotoxic (patulin, trichothecenes, fumonisins), nephrotoxic (ochratoxin A) and neurotoxic (tremorgens) effects. Their toxicity can also be caused by the presence of mycotoxin residues in products deriving from animals fed with contaminated feedstuffs. The mycotoxic risk is difficult to evaluate, as mycotoxin are natural contaminants impossible to eliminate, fungal contaminations are difficult to control, and one mould may produce several toxins. Consequently, further research is needed to improve current knowledge on the toxicity of these products, particularly when various mycotoxins are combined, either together or with other toxins or pathogens.
Les biofilms bactériens
Authors: Roux Agnès , Ghigo Jean-Marc
Published: October 2014

Les biofilms sont des structures hétérogènes constituées par des populations bactériennes englobées dans une matrice extracellullaire, fixées sur des surfaces naturelles ou artificielles. Les principales caractéristiques du biofilms sont rappelées et les techniques d’études son présentées. Elles ont permis d’établir un modèle du développement des biofilms en cinq étapes : adhésion réversible des bactéries de la phase planctonique à une surface, irréversibilité de l’adhésion correspondant à la synthèse de structures à la surface des bactéries, formation de microcolonies, puis développement de ces microcolonies traduisant le stade de maturation du biofilm et colonisation de nouvelles surfaces. Les coopérations métaboliques entre cellules et les échanges d’informations sont évoquées. Les aspects négatifs des biofilms sont décrits dans le domaine de la santé humaine et vétérinaire et celui de l’industrie, mais ils jouent également un rôle écologique capital et contribuent très largement au bon fonctionnement de la plupart des écosystèmes, en participant notamment aux cycles du carbone, de l’eau et de l’azote.
Apport de l’immunogénétique à la compréhension des interactions entre le campagnol roussâtre Myodes glareolus et l’hantavirus Puumala
Authors: Rohfritsch Audrey , Guivier Emmanuel , Galan Maxime , Chaval Yannick , Cosson Jean-François , Charbonnel Nathalie
Published: October 2014

Le campagnol roussâtre Myodes glareolus est le réservoir de l’hantavirus Puumala (PUUV), responsable chez l’Homme d’une forme atténuée de Fièvre Hémorragique à Syndrome Rénal (FHSR), la Néphropathie Épidémique (NE). En Europe, l’incidence de la NE présente, malgré la distribution continue du réservoir, une forte variabilité géographique dont les causes ne sont à ce jour pas identifiées. Aux hypothèses climatiques et paysagères, nous proposons que des facteurs intrinsèques aux campagnols puissent également être impliqués. Une plus forte tolérance à l’infection par le virus PUUV, chez certains campagnols roussâtres, favoriserait la persistance et la transmission de ce virus, ce qui devrait accroître le risque de NE chez l’Homme. Nous avons testé cette hypothèse en étudiant les polymorphismes et/ou les niveaux d''expression de six gènes candidats impliqués dans la réponse immunitaire à PUUV (DRB-CMH, promoteur du TNF-, TLR4, TLR7, Mx2, intégrine 3) chez dix populations de campagnols échantillonnées le long d’un axe nord/ sud dans les Ardennes françaises, couvrant des zones endémiques et non endémiques à PUUV. Des signatures de sélection ont été détectées pour TNF-et Mx2 grâce à des approches de génétique des populations (scan FST) et d’associations génotypes/phénotypes. Ces gènes codent des protéines dont les propriétés antivirales sont connues, mais qui induisent des coûts immunopathologiques importants. Ils pourraient donc jouer un rôle central dans une balance de tolérance/résistance à PUUV. De plus, dans les zones d’endémie, les gènes TNF-et Mx2 sont sous-exprimés, ce qui suggère l’évolution d’une plus forte tolérance à PUUV, potentiellement au bénéfice d’un moindre coût immunopathologique. Certains de ces résultats ont été confirmés à l’échelle européenne.
Airborne determination of the temporo-spatial distribution of benzene, toluene, nitrogen oxides and ozone in the boundary layer across Greater London, UK
Authors: Shaw M. D. , Lee J. D. , Davison B. , Vaughan A. , Purvis R. M. , Lewis A. C. , Hewitt C. N.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Highly spatially resolved mixing ratios of benzene and toluene, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) were measured in the atmospheric boundary layer above Greater London during the period 24 June to 9 July 2013 using a Dornier 228 aircraft. Toluene and benzene were determined in-situ using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), NOx by dual channel NOx chemiluminescence and O3 mixing ratios by UV absorption. Average mixing ratios observed over inner London at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l. were 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.28 ± 0.07, 13.2 ± 8.6, 21.0 ± 7.3 and 34.3 ± 15.2 ppbv for benzene, toluene, NO, NO2 and NOx respectively. Linear regression analysis between NO2, benzene and toluene mixing ratios yielded a trimodal distribution indicating that these compounds predominantly share the same or co-located sources within the city and that a significant fraction of NOx is directly emitted as NO2. Average mixing ratios measured at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l. over outer London were always lower than over inner London. Where traffic densities were highest, the toluene $/$ benzene (T / B) concentration ratios were highest (average of 1.8 ± 0.3 ppbv ppbv−1) indicative of strong local sources. Daytime maxima in NOx, benzene and toluene mixing ratios were observed in the morning (~40 ppbv NOx, ~350 pptv toluene and ~200 pptv benzene) and for ozone in the mid-afternoon (~40 ppbv O3) all at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l.
Breve esbozo de la función reguladora de la autonomía privada en la relación laboral
Authors: Herrera Espinoza Jesús Juseth
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i5.1504
La inembargabilidad de los bienes del Estado, una relectura del principio a partir del caso INISER versus AGROINSA
Authors: Aguilar Altamirano Alejandro
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i5.1509
El depósito bancario de dinero
Authors: Casco Muñoz Erick Manuel
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i5.1510
Integración y modelo de seguridad democrática en Centroamérica: su influencia dentro de la OEA
Authors: Herdocia Sacasa Mauricio
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i5.1512
Jurisprudencia penal
Authors: Vega Gutiérrez Zamyr
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i5.1516
Introducción a los actos jurídicos y de los comportamientos unilaterales del Estado
Authors: Rodriguez Cedeño Victor
Published: October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i6.1519
Molecular responses to thermal stress in woody plants
Authors: Gomez L. , Allona I. , Ramos A. , Nuñez P. , Ibañez C. , Casado R. , Aragoncillo C.
Published: October 2014

Stress caused by high and low temperatures has been much less studied in woody plants than in herbaceous ones. The cold response shows specific traits in woody plants. Cold acclimation associated to winter dormancy develops in two sequential steps: the first is triggered by photoperiod shortening while the second requires temperatures to fall. The involvement of ABA in cold acclimation is beyond question, yet the roles played by this hormone are far better understood in herbaceous plants. The induction of protective proteins and changes in both glycan metabolism and circadian clock functioning are noteworthy among the molecular responses of woody species to low temperatures. Both herbaceous and woody plants seem to respond similarly to heat stress, with heat shock proteins (HSPs) dominating protein synthesis profiles. Certain HSPs are also induced in response to low temperatures, and recent data suggest that they are involved in cold acclimation.
The Formation of a Single Legal Space as a Prerequisite for Overcoming Systemic Risk
Authors: Korableva Olga N. , Kalimullina Olga V.
Published: October 2014

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on April 3, 2020.

If you have any further question, please contact us at: ass@ccsenet.org
Documentation of Quality Control and Operator Training at Point-of-Care Testing: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 106 Institutions
Authors: Dyhdalo Kathryn S. , Howanitz Peter J. , Wilkinson David S. , Souers Rhona J. , Jones Bruce A.
Published: October 2014

Context

Operator training, quality control, and proper follow-up for out-of-range quality control (QC) events are crucial steps that must be adequately performed and documented to ensure excellent patient care and regulatory compliance.

Objective

To examine point-of-care testing (POCT) personnel training and QC documentation/compliance.

Design

Participants in a POCT documentation study of the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program collected data retrospectively for glucose and urine dipstick testing regarding test operators, operator competency assessment, and QC documentation. Documentation was assessed for participant adherence to 4 quality indicators: (1) whether test operator training was up to date, (2) whether the test operator names were noted in the test records, (3) whether QC was performed, and (4) whether out-of-range QC events were followed up. Data were analyzed for associations with institutional demographic and practice variables.

Results

The institutional median number of POCT personnel was 648 for blood glucose and 76 for urine dipstick testing, with a median number of 105 948 glucose tests and 9113 urine tests performed. Ninety-four percent (3830 of 4074) of the test operators completed training or competency assessment within the prior 12 months, 96.8% (21 603 of 22 317) of the test records documented the operator, and 95.7% (19 632 of 20 514) of the expected QC events (per institutional regulations) were documented. Approximately 3% (659 of 20 514) of the QC events were outside the designated range (an average of 6 out-of-range QC events were identified per institution [n = 106]). Of the out-of-range QC events, 92.6% (610 of 659) had documentation of appropriate follow-up. Most laboratories (176 of 179; 98.3%) violated specimen requirements by storing POCT urine specimens for less than 24 hours.

Conclusions

There was greater than 90% compliance for POCT documentation and nearly 96% of expected QC events were properly documented.
Pratiques de pondération des résultats d’enquêtes à grande échelle aux notes scolaires en mathématiques
Authors: Simon Marielle , Nadon Catherine , van Barneveld Christine , King Sherry , Sarwar Gul Shahzad
Published: October 2014

L’étude de nature interprétative rapportée dans cet article a pour but d’examiner les perceptions des membres du personnel enseignant à l’égard de la pratique de pondération d’une partie ou de l’ensemble des résultats des élèves à l’épreuve provinciale annuelle à leurs résultats de fin de cours en mathématiques 9e année. En réponse à certains items du questionnaire contextuel à l’intention du personnel enseignant, administré en 2009-2012, 90% des enseignants des écoles de langue française de l’Ontario disent que cette pratique motive les élèves à prendre le test au sérieux. Leurs commentaires reflètent des préoccupations vis-à-vis des caractéristiques et comportements de l’élève et des conditions et caractéristiques du test, comme son enjeu et la taille de la pondération. Les constats rapportés rejoignent ceux proposés par Eklöf (2010) dans son modèle de motivation des élèves en situation d’évaluations à grande échelle.
Les méthodes des enquêtes internationales et leurs fonctions politiques.
Authors: Pons Xavier
Published: October 2014

Le choix de la méthode à l’origine d’une enquête internationale n’est pas qu’une question d’ordre technique ou scientifique mais a des implications politiques majeures. Dans une perspective de sociologie qualitative de l’action publique, cet article analyse les fonctions politiques remplies par la méthode au fondement du programme PISA de l’OCDE entre 1995 et 2008 à travers l’expérience particulière de la France. L’article met en évidence que les fonctions politiques remplies par la méthode diffèrent selon les étapes de l’instrumentation de l’action publique. Lors de la conception de l’enquête, la méthode constitue un outil puissant de problématisation de l’action publique. Lors de sa mise en oeuvre, elle remplit une fonction de contrôle social. La réception de PISA en France enfin montre que la méthode a un pouvoir très important de structuration du débat public dans la mesure où elle prédétermine fortement les usages politiques et cognitifs qui peuvent en être faits.
World of Islam Festival (Londres 1976) : Naissance d’un nouveau paradigme pour les arts de l’Islam
Authors: Abdallah Monia
Published: October 2014

This essay traces the origin and stakes of the association between historical Islamic art and works of contemporary art by artists from Muslim countries. The idea that underpins this association—that there is a form of continuity between these works—first appeared in London in 1976 during the World of Islam Festival. This event laid the foundation for the understanding of Islamic art as a vehicle for cultural continuity, so that contemporary art by artists from Muslim countries came to be seen as an extension of Islamic art and became perceived by many as a contemporary Islamic art, that is to say, the art of the Islamic civilization of today. This article argues that the notion of Islamic civilization that the World of Islam Festival vehiculated continues to be felt in the new paradigm for Islamic art that it initiated. This essay analyzes how this event unintentionally spawned a new model for understanding not only Islamic art, but also Islamic civilization, a civilization that is now once again considered alive.
Identification of motor neurons and a mechanosensitive sensory neuron in the defecation circuitry of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yan Zhiqiang , Li Bingxue , Jan Lily Yeh , Jan Yuh Nung
Published: October 2014

Defecation allows the body to eliminate waste, an essential step in food processing for animal survival. In contrast to the extensive studies of feeding, its obligate counterpart, defecation, has received much less attention until recently. In this study, we report our characterizations of the defecation behavior of Drosophila larvae and its neural basis. Drosophila larvae display defecation cycles of stereotypic frequency, involving sequential contraction of hindgut and anal sphincter. The defecation behavior requires two groups of motor neurons that innervate hindgut and anal sphincter, respectively, and can excite gut muscles directly. These two groups of motor neurons fire sequentially with the same periodicity as the defecation behavior, as revealed by in vivo Ca2+ imaging. Moreover, we identified a single mechanosensitive sensory neuron that innervates the anal slit and senses the opening of the intestine terminus. This anus sensory neuron relies on the TRP channel NOMPC but not on INACTIVE, NANCHUNG, or PIEZO for mechanotransduction.
Understanding which parameters control shallow ascent of silicic effusive magma
Authors: Thomas Mark E. , Neuberg Jurgen W.
Published: October 2014

The estimation of the magma ascent rate is key to predicting volcanic activity and relies on the understanding of how strongly the ascent rate is controlled by different magmatic parameters. Linking potential changes of such parameters to monitoring data is an essential step to be able to use these data as a predictive tool. We present the results of a suite of conduit flow models Soufrière that assess the influence of individual model parameters such as the magmatic water content, temperature or bulk magma composition on the magma flow in the conduit during an extrusive dome eruption. By systematically varying these parameters we assess their relative importance to changes in ascent rate. We show that variability in the rate of low frequency seismicity, assumed to correlate directly with the rate of magma movement, can be used as an indicator for changes in ascent rate and, therefore, eruptive activity. The results indicate that conduit diameter and excess pressure in the magma chamber are amongst the dominant controlling variables, but the single most important parameter is the volatile content (assumed as only water). Modeling this parameter in the range of reported values causes changes in the calculated ascent velocities of up to 800%.
Imaging of CO2 bubble plumes above an erupting submarine volcano, NW Rota‐1, Mariana Arc
Authors: Chadwick William W. , Merle Susan G. , Buck Nathaniel J. , Lavelle J. William , Resing Joseph A. , Ferrini Vicki
Published: October 2014

NW Rota‐1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located ∼100 km north of Guam. Underwater explosive eruptions driven by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued until at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations documented continuous but variable eruptive activity at multiple vents at ∼560 m depth. Some vents released CO2 bubbles passively and continuously, while others released CO2 during stronger but intermittent explosive bursts. Plumes of CO2 bubbles in the water column over the volcano were imaged by an EM122 (12 kHz) multibeam sonar system. Throughout the 2010 expedition numerous passes were made over the eruptive vents with the ship to document the temporal variability of the bubble plumes and relate them to the eruptive activity on the seafloor, as recorded by an in situ hydrophone and visual observations. Analysis of the EM122 midwater data set shows: (1) bubble plumes were present on every pass over the summit and they rose 200–400 m above the vents but dissolved before they reached the ocean surface, (2) bubble plume deflection direction and distance correlate well with ocean current direction and velocity determined from the ship's acoustic doppler current profiler, (3) bubble plume heights and volumes were variable over time and correlate with eruptive intensity as measured by the in situ hydrophone. This study shows that midwater multibeam sonar data can be used to characterize the level of eruptive activity and its temporal variability at a shallow submarine volcano with robust CO2 output.
Influence of late Pleistocene glaciations on the hydrogeology of the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Siegel Jacob , Person Mark , Dugan Brandon , Cohen Denis , Lizarralde Daniel , Gable Carl
Published: October 2014

Multiple late Pleistocene glaciations that extended onto the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts, USA, may have emplaced as much as 100 km3 of freshwater (salinity <5 ppt) in continental shelf sediments. To estimate the volume and extent of offshore freshwater, we developed a three‐dimensional, variable‐density model that couples fluid flow and heat and solute transport for the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts. The stratigraphy for our model is based on high‐resolution, multichannel seismic data. The model incorporates the last 3 Ma of climate history by prescribing boundary conditions of sea level change and ice sheet extent and thickness. We incorporate new estimates of the maximum extent of a late Pleistocene ice sheet to near the shelf‐slope break. Model results indicate that this late Pleistocene ice sheet was responsible for much of the emplaced freshwater. We predict that the current freshwater distribution may reach depths up to 500 meters below sea level and up to 30 km beyond Martha's Vineyard. The freshwater distribution is strongly dependent on the three‐dimensional stratigraphy and ice sheet history. Our predictions improve our understanding of the distribution of offshore freshwater, a potential nonrenewable resource for coastal communities along recently glaciated margins.
Brittle faults are weak, yet the ductile middle crust is strong: Implications for lithospheric mechanics
Authors: Behr Whitney M. , Platt John P.
Published: October 2014

A global compilation of shear stress magnitude from mylonites developed along major fault zones suggests that maximum shear stresses between 80 and 120 MPa are reached at temperatures between 300 and 350°C on normal, thrust, and strike‐slip faults. These shear stresses are consistent with estimates of brittle rock strengths based on sliding friction (e.g., Byerlee's law), and with in situ measurements of crustal stress measured in boreholes. This confirms previous suggestions that in some areas at least, the continental crust is stressed close to failure down to the brittle‐ductile transition. Many major active faults in all tectonic regimes are considered to be relatively weak, however; peak static shear stresses for brittle faults estimated by a variety of techniques lie in the range of 1–50 MPa. The sharp contrast between static shear stresses estimated on the seismogenic parts of major faults and those estimated from steady‐state microstructures in ductile rocks immediately below the seismogenic zone suggests that there is an abrupt downward termination, probably controlled by temperature, of the weakening processes that govern fault behavior in the upper crust. These data also imply that seismogenic parts of major fault zones contribute little to lithospheric strength, and are unlikely to have much influence on either the slip rate or the location of the faults. Conversely, ductile middle crust immediately below the brittle‐ductile transition deforms at high stresses, and forms a significant load‐bearing element within the lithosphere.
Global simulations of aerosol amount and size using MODIS observations assimilated with an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Rubin J. I. , Collins W. D.
Published: October 2014

A global assimilation that uses an Ensemble Kalman Filter and a set of derived scaling equations is presented for jointly adjusting the amount of atmospheric aerosol and the relative contribution of fine and coarse aerosols. The assimilation uses Department of Energy and National Science Foundation's Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) model and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) retrievals from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AE retrievals are used to constrain size over land. The presented system includes 60 ensemble members with a daily analysis, incorporating daily‐averaged retrievals. A CAM control simulation and a CAM experiment with data assimilation (CAM‐DA) are run for the year 2007. Control run comparisons to MODIS observations reveal a persistent negative bias in AOD, indicating an underprediction of the amount of atmospheric aerosol (CAM: 0.09 (±0.06), MODIS:0.16 (±0.09)). The negative bias decreased in the assimilation run with a globally averaged AOD of 0.12 (±0.05). CAM‐DA is able to better capture spatial and temporal variations. A comparison of regional time series reveals the greatest reduction in model bias with respect to both aerosol amount and size over the oceans, especially the Southern Ocean. With respect to land regions, good agreement with AERONET AOD is found over the United States, Europe, and East Asia. Additionally, CAM‐DA has clear spatial differences from the control with more aerosol and a larger fine contribution in the Northern Hemisphere. The results also demonstrate the utility in assimilation methodologies for identifying systematic model biases, using the data assimilation correction fields as an indicator.