bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние параметров резания на качество обработки в процессе сверления отверстий в ламинированной ДСП (с использованием вертикального обрабатывающего центра с ЧПУ)
Authors: Dziabely Aliaksei , Podziewski Piotr
Published: August 2020

Влияние параметров резания на качество обработки в процессе сверления отверстий в ламинированной ДСП (с использованием вертикального обрабатывающего центра с ЧПУ). Целью работы было определение влияния параметров резания на качество обработки в процессе сверления отверстий в ламинированной ДСП с использованием вертикального обрабатывающего центра с числовым программным управлением (ЧПУ) и только одним держателем, зажимающим заготовку снизу. Инструмент – сверло диаметром 15 мм. Эксперимент проводился при скорости вращения шпинделя 5000 об/мин. Рассмотрены три значения скорости подачи: 1,6 м/мин, 4,8 м/мин и 9,6 м/мин. В ходе испытаний, в каждом образце, были выполнены серии глухих отверстий в 5 рядах. Ряды были расположены на следующих расстояниях от нижней части заготовки: 50 мм, 225 мм, 400 мм, 575 мм и 750 мм. Качество полученных отверстий было определено максимальным диаметром (Dmax). В результате эксперимента ожидалось ухудшение при сверлении отверстий в верхних частях плиты. Анализируя результаты, было обнаружено, что худшее качество было получено на высоте 225 мм и 575 мм от нижнего края плиты.
The Analysis of the distribution of available mesopores in cellulosic pulp, using Inverse Size Exclusion Chromatography-ISEC
Authors: Szadkowski Jan , Szadkowska Dominika
Published: August 2020

The Analysis of the distribution of available mesopores in cellulosic pulp, using Inverse Size Exclusion. Chromatography-ISEC The aim of the presented research was to determine available mesopores in cellulose masses obtained by industrial methods. Cellulose masses obtained from fast-growing poplar species (Populus sp.) can be used in the production of biofuels of the second generation. One of the factors influencing the effectiveness of hydrolysis is the availability of pores in the material for acids and enzymes used during this process. For this purpose the reverse spatial exclusion chromatography (ISEC) with the use of dextran standards and selected sugars was applied to verify the distribution of available mesopores in cellulose masses. The analysis showed the material with the highest share of available pores, the selection of which will allow to increase the efficiency and profitability of biofuel production from lignocellulosic materials.
Default interests – compensation or sanction? Critics on the example of Article 86 (10i) of VAT Act 2004
Authors: Gryziak Bartosz
Published: August 2020

sanction. Throughout their evolution the default interests were subordinated to one or the other function. Although the concept of default interests derives from the idea of compensation, nowadays in Poland they are used for punitive reasons – Article 86 (10i) of VAT Act 2004 provides an example. For comparison – in Italy the default interests are treated as a tool for compensation whereas there are other tools (tax penalties properly so-called) applied for punitive purposes. Assigning both these functions to the default interests results in serious interpretative doubts – e.g. questions about the conformity of Article 86 (10i) of VAT Act 2004 with VAT Directive 2006/112. Treating the default interests not only as a mere compensation tool but also as a sanction is a pathology which decreases the trust of taxpayers in the Polish tax system.
The efficacy of different bandaging methods in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Yaman Ayşegül , Borman Pınar , İnanlı Adeviye , Kul Fatma , Karahan Sevilay
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 3MTM CobanTM 2 layer system and conventional multi-layer short-stretch bandaging in terms of volume reduction, ultrasonographic measurements, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) in the treatment of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).

Patients and methods: This prospective, single-blind, randomized study included a total of 60 BCRL patients (60 females; mean age 54.9±9.6 years; range, 30 to 73 years). The patients were randomly allocated to Group 1 (n=30) and Group 2 (n=30). Both groups received complex decongestive therapy (CDT) including skin care, lymphedema exercises, and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) combined with traditional multi-layer short-stretch bandaging five times per week for three weeks in Group 1 and with 3MTM CobanTM 2 layer system bandaging two times per week for three weeks in Group 2. Differences in volumes, excess volumes, ultrasonographic measurements, QoL, and functional assessment scores were evaluated at baseline, after three weeks of intensive treatment period, and at two months of follow-up. Functional status was evaluated by the Quick Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Q-DASH), while the QoL was assessed using the Turkish version of Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-Arm (LYMQOL-Arm). The duration and easiness of applying bandages by physiotherapists and comfortableness of bandages according to patients and physiotherapists were also evaluated using a questionnaire.

Results: The demographic and clinical properties were similar between the groups. There were significant improvements in the volumes, excess volumes, ultrasonographic measures, functional scores, and QoL scores in both groups at the end of treatment. The improvements were sustained at two months of follow-up.

Conclusion: The 3MTM CobanTM 2 layer bandaging as a part of CDT twice a week for a period of three weeks can significantly reduce the volume and improve the disability and impaired QoL, similar to conventional short-stretch multi-layer bandages. In addition, treatment with this layer system enables a time-efficient, easy, and comfortable application of bandaging with increased mobility of the upper extremity.
O FUNDAMENTO DEMOCRÁTICO DO CONTROLE DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE
Authors: Baracho Júnior José Alfredo de Oliveira , Andrada Bonifácio
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a solidez dos fundamentos democráticas do controle de constitucionalidade. Para tanto, refletiremos a partir de três prestigiosas teorias do direito constitucional norte-americano. Inicialmente, será discutida a ideia de democracia constitucional em Ronald Dworkin. A seguir, será trabalhada a teoria do controle de constitucionalidade formulada por John Hart Ely. Por fim, será exposta a opinião de Jeremy Waldron que, diferentemente dos outros dois autores, considera o judicial review como inevitavelmente antidemocrático.
PACTO ANTENUPCIAL NA PERSPECTIVA DOS TABELIÃES
Authors: Fleischmann Simone Tassinari Cardoso , Fachini Laura Stefenon
Published: August 2020

O pacto antenupcial é instrumento cada vez mais utilizado pelos nubentes, por permitir que regulem a relação conforme seus interesses, fornecendo maior tranquilidade e evitando futuros conflitos. A despeito do crescimento do número de pactos antenupciais nos últimos anos, ainda remanescem questões controvertidas e faltam estudos mais aprofundados sobre suas formalidades, conteúdo e eficácia. Objetivando melhor compreender a dinâmica e as funcionalidades do instrumento, bem como esclarecer pontos polêmicos, o presente trabalho abordará os requisitos, conteúdo e efeitos do pacto antenupcial, confrontando a teoria com a prática notarial. Para tanto, vale-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e legislativa. Além disso, utiliza os dados obtidos em pesquisa de campo realizada nos Tabelionatos de Notas da cidade sede[1]. O cotejo entre posicionamento doutrinário e a atividade notarial revela a existência de contradições que precisam ser dirimidas, caso se queira um ordenamento jurídico coerente e que proporcione segurança jurídica.

 

[1] O nome da cidade em que realizada a pesquisa foi provisoriamente omitido, a fim de garantir o critério de sigilo da revista, conforme exigido nas condições para submissão.
COMPLIANCE E LEI ANTICORRUPÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Emerson Ademir Borges de
Published: August 2020

O combate à corrupção não transparece nenhuma novidade no universo jurídico e político. Contudo, nas últimas décadas tem sido conduzido para frentes distintas, que tomam por base não mais um olhar sobre o Estado, e sim uma análise sobre o papel das empresas. Vale dizer, medidas que apostam na fiscalização das pessoas jurídicas para atingir formas preventivas e repressivas de combate a atos que causem dano à Administração Pública. Desde 1934, com o Securities Exchange Act há uma preocupação com a conduta das empresas, mas foi com o FCPA, em 1977, que mecanismos de controle e fiscalização foram instituídos com o intuito de bloquear atos de corrupção. Em 2002, a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley se une ao propósito para fins de evitar fraudes ao mercado. Alia-se, ainda, Convenções Internacionais de Combate à Corrupção da ONU, OEA e OCDE. Entre nós, a preocupação com a atuação das pessoas jurídicas ganha coro com a Lei Anticorrupção, de 2013, regulamentada em 2015, e vocacionada a penalizar as empresas que promovam o intuito combatido, tanto na esfera administrativa quanto judicial. Mais do que isso, e sob o aspecto preventivo, preocupa-se com a criação de programas de integridade, valendo dos mesmos para diminuição de penalidade e até mesmo para acordos de leniência. O propósito deste artigo, após o deslinde histórico, é avaliar as especificidades e importância do instrumento legal. A pesquisa é eminentemente bibliográfica.
„Im Westen nichts Neues, im Osten noch selten“? Freiwilliges Engagement im Spannungsfeld von Nachwende-Erbe und neuen Herausforderungen
Authors: Haubner Tine , Dyk Silke van , Boemke Laura
Published: August 2020

Die alten und neuen Bundesländer unterscheiden sich auch 30 Jahre nach der Systemtransformation in Bezug auf die Verbreitung und Institutionalisierung von Engagement deutlich. Während der Westen über eine kulturell verankerte Engagementtradition verfügt, steht das Engagement im Osten im Ruf, (diskursiv umkämpftes) Neuland zu sein. Der Beitrag argumentiert auf Basis empirischer Forschungsbefunde, dass der Osten auch historisch keinesfalls eine Engagementwüste darstellt, dass sich aber gleichwohl Spezifika des Engagements im Osten zeigen, die im Zusammenhang mit den Folgen der innerdeutschen Spaltung, der Systemtransformation und ihren Folgen zu sehen sind. Diese Folgeerscheinungen müssen zudem im Kontext steigender Erwerbsbeteiligung, des demografischen Wandels und eines Generationenwechsels neu konturiert werden, der Freiwilligenarbeit und Engagement in Ost wie West vor ganz neue Herausforderungen stellt.
Virtualität und Unsterblichkeit
Authors: Krüger Oliver
Published: August 2020

Bestseller-Romane und Hollywood-Streifen inszenieren die Visionen des Post- und Transhumanismus, während die ganz reale Arbeit und Freizeitgestaltung immer stärker durch die Digitalisierung und Automatisierung geprägt werden. Aus der Sicht des technologischen Posthumanismus ist der Mensch daher ein Auslaufmodell – überholt von seinen eigenen technischen Schöpfungen. Posthumane, künstliche Intelligenzen und Roboter sollen die neuen Triebkräfte der Evolutionsgeschichte werden, während die obsolete Menschheit in den kommenden drei Jahrzehnten aussterben wird. Der Verzicht auf sich selbst soll jedoch mit der Unsterblichkeit des Menschen in der Virtualität belohnt werden.

Die zweite Auflage dieser preisgekrönten Studie wurde vollkommen überarbeitet und beleuchtet die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen den philosophischen, literarischen, kybernetischen und religiösen Ideen der radikalen Fortschrittsideologie des Post- und Transhumanismus. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die kybernetische Neubestimmung des Menschen, die Singularität, die technologische Unsterblichkeit, die transzendente Superintelligenz und der Entwurf einer kosmischen Heilsgeschichte. Den Schnittpunkt der verschiedenen Analysestränge bildet die von Günther Anders entwickelte Idee der „prometheischen Scham” des Menschen vor seiner medialen Reproduktion – die vermeintliche Minderwertigkeit des „biologischen Menschen” gegenüber seinem unsterblichen, virtuellen Abbild.
Bioactive Molecules from Medicinal Plants as Functional Foods (Biscuits) for the Benefit of Human Health as Antidiabetic Potential
Authors: Devaraj Ashwini , Mahalingam Gayathri
Published: August 2020

Functional foods defined as “similar in appearance to a conventional food, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions.” The leading role in food industry plays ultimately by the functional food. In recent days, the designing of a functional food with the incorporation of medicinal plants, which is the natural product is the familiar one. The medicinal plants are scientifically proven, lesser side effects, and eco-friendly in nature. Many food types are chosen for the development of functional food with the incorporation of medicinal plants. Diabetes mellitus is a major chronic disease which affects the basic metabolism of insulin secretion and insulin functioning on glucose clearance from the blood stream. The modern inactive life style of the population leads to obesity and ultimately results in the major risk of diabetes mellitus and other risk factors alongside. The therapeutic alteration for DM is to minimize the burden of disease, and the targeted people were advised to follow proper physical activity and nutrient intake with healthy weight gain. The disease targeted people were recommended with the proper diet intake which aims at consuming the functional food with the incorporation of medicinal plants.
Association Between SYNTAX Score and Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
Authors: Amouzeshi Ahmad , Moezi Bady Seyyed Ali , Nabati Bonyabadi Vahid
Published: August 2020

Background: Stroke as a complication of open-heart surgery can be a cause of death and widespread disability. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the SYNTAX Score and carotid artery stenosis and evaluate patients undergoing open-heart surgery in terms of postoperative complications and mortality in a six-month to two-year follow-up period. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 113 patients with CAD who underwent open-heart surgery at our hospital from 2016 to 2017. After collecting demographic data, the SYNTAX score, and color Doppler sonography report, the data were recorded and analyzed by SPSS22. Results: In our study, most patients were male and aged between 50 and 70 years. The mean SYNTAX score was 32.667 + 13.668 in the group with significant carotid stenosis, 33.926 + 9.387 in the group with no significant carotid stenosis, and 30.868 + 9.963 in the group without carotid stenosis. The results showed no significant relationship between carotid artery stenosis and the SYNTAX score (P = 0.512) and no significant relationship between the SYNTAX score and surgical complications (P = 0.666). Conclusions: According to the results, there is no significant relationship between the SYNTAX score and various indices related to heart disease, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Thus, this index cannot be used to check and follow patients. However, further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion.
The Creative Word
Authors: Rosemann Philipp W. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

Book XI of his Confessions contains Augustine’s celebrated ‘treatise’ on time. In reality, however, the ‘treatise’ is no such thing, but rather an integral part of a discussion of God’s creation through the Word: if God creates by speaking, as Scripture affirms, then how can God speak, given the fact that he must be thought not to be subject to time? What is a timeless word? While these are the questions that Augustine explicitly addresses in Book XI, there is something very important that he does not justify at all: namely, the possibility of speaking the world into existence. My paper investigates the episteme within which such a claim can make sense. How must one conceive of the relationship between the world and words to be able to assume that the latter can ‘make’ the former?
The classification of three-dimensional Lie algeb­ras on complex field
Authors: Shamardina E. R.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the classification of three-dimensional Lie al­gebras over a field of complex numbers up to isomorphism. The proposed classification is based on the consideration of objects invariant with re­spect to isomorphism, namely such quantities as the derivative of a subal­gebra and the center of a Lie algebra. The above classification is distin­guished from others by a more detailed and simple presentation. Any two abelian Lie algebras of the same dimension over the same field are isomorphic, so we understand them completely, and from now on we shall only consider non-abelian Lie algebras. Six classes of three-dimensional Lie algebras not isomorphic to each other over a field of complex numbers are presented. In each of the classes, its properties are described, as well as structural equations defining each of the Lie alge­bras. One of the reasons for considering these low dimensional Lie alge­bras that they often occur as subalgebras of large Lie algebras
Study of Functional Appliance for Treatments of Children and Adolescents with Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Kang Himchan , Lee Koeun , Kim Misun , Nam Okhyung , Lee Hyo-seol , Kim Kwangchul , Choi Sungchul
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and optimal timing for treatment of class II malocclusion with functional appliances in children and adolescents.A group of 30 patients with class II malocclusion were divided into 3 groups according to their use of functional appliance: Twin block, Activator, Fränkel appliance. The group was also divided into 2 groups according to the cervical vertebrae maturation method. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Among the functional appliances, treatment with Twin block and Activator showed significant increase in the length of the mandible (Co-Gn) and the lower anterior facial height (ANS to Me), whereas the overjet and overbite were significantly reduced. Treatment with Fränkel appliance showed significant improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible. In addition, if the functional appliance was used during the period of pubertal growth peak, there was a significant increase in mandibular length, improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible, labial inclination of lower incisors and decrease in overjet compared to the treatment before pubertal growth peak. Therefore, this study indicates that using functional appliances for patients with class II malocclusion is effective and the optimal timing for using functional appliances is during pubertal growth peak.
Awareness of Caregivers, Emergency Medical Technicians, and Emergency Medical Doctors about the Storage Media for Avulsed Teeth
Authors: Kim Gyulim , Kim Seunghye , Mah Yonjoo
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors by investigating the storage media for avulsed teeth at the trauma site. This study was performed by reviewing medical records of 183 patients with the age under 17 years old, who visited Ajou University Hospital for dental trauma. Based on their medical records, storage media for avulsed permanent teeth were investigated by classifying them as dry, milk, saline, saliva and tap water. The storage media chosen by caregivers at the trauma site were classified as cases by parents and school nurse teachers. Storage media chosen by emergency medical technicians and emergency medical doctors were also investigated using the same classification criteria. The results show that both parents and school nurse teachers used milk the most as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Dry storage was the second most chosen medium by parents, and saline by nurse teacher. As a storage media emergency medical technicians used saline the most, while emergency medical doctors used only saline when they failed to replant avulsed teeth. There is a need to improve the knowledge of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors regarding the storage media for avulsed teeth.
Comparison of Microhardness and Compressive Strength of Alkasite and Conventional Restorative Materials
Authors: Lee Kunho , Kim Jongsoo , Shin Jisun , Han Miran
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to compare compressive strength and microhardness of recently introduced alkasite restorative materials with glass ionomer cement and flowable composite resin.For each material, 20 samples were prepared respectively for compressive strength and Vickers microhardness test. The compressive strength was measured with universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. And microhardness was measured using Vickers Micro hardness testing machine under 500 g load and 10 seconds dwelling time at 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 35 days.The compressive strength was highest in composite resin, followed by alkasite, and glass ionomer cement. In microhardness test, composite resin, which had no change throughout experimental periods, showed highest microhardness in 1 hour, 1 day, and 7 days measurement. The glass ionomer cement showed increase in microhardness for 7 days and no difference was found with composite resin after 14 days measurement. For alkasite, maximum microhardness was measured on 14 days, but showed gradual decrease.
Enamel Renal Syndrome: A Case Report of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Associated with Nephrocalcinosis
Authors: Choi Sooji , Sohn Young Bae , Ji Suk , Song Seungil , Shin Jeongwon , Kim Seunghye
Published: August 2020

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) occurs either in isolation or in association with other dental abnormalities and systemic disorder. A rare syndrome associating AI with nephrocalcinosis was named as Enamel Renal Syndrome (ERS; OMIM #204690). This syndrome is characterized by severe enamel hypoplasia, failed tooth eruption, intra pulpal calcifications, enlarged gingiva, and nephrocalcinosis. Nephrocalcinosis is a condition where calcium salts are deposited in renal tissue, and this may lead to critical kidney complications.This rare syndrome shows pathognomonic oral characteristics that are easily detectable at an early age, which proceeds the onset of renal involvement. Pediatric dentists are the first oral health practitioners whom ERS patients will meet at early age. The role of pediatric dentists is critically important for early diagnosis and referral of patients to both nephrologists for renal assessment and geneticists for identification of causative mutation and diagnosis. Early detection of renal involvement may provide chances to prevent further undesired renal complications.
El circuito del terror en Córdoba: reflexiones sobre la representación de los represores en los sitios de memoria
Authors: Garbero Vanesa , Mercado Mónica
Published: August 2020

La meta de este artículo es analizar las modalidades en que se incluyen, describen y representan a los represores en los tres Espacios para la Memoria y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos de Córdoba, Argentina. Estos sitios están emplazados en los mismos lugares que el terrorismo de Estado utilizó como centros clandestinos de detención. El trabajo aborda en forma comparada las instalaciones artísticas sobre represores en los sitios de Campo de la Ribera, ex Departamento de Informaciones de la Policía de Córdoba y La Perla. Estos sitios han sido seleccionados por su importancia en el sistema represivo provincial y su relevancia dentro de las políticas públicas de memoria. El trabajo de investigación muestra que la inclusión de los represores en los sitios de memoria utiliza mediaciones simbólicas, políticas y estéticas que apelan a una triple estrategia: identificar a cada represor en su lugar de actuación, igualarlos en su condición de delincuentes-criminales y condenarlos judicial y éticamente.
Apropiación y restitución en la narrativa de los hijos de desaparecidos de la dictadura argentina: los desaparecidos vivos
Authors: Basile Teresa
Published: August 2020

Junto con el secuestro y desaparición de personas, el terrorismo de Estado en Argentina –que operó en su mayor parte durante la dictadura (1976-1983)– puso en práctica un plan sistemático para la apropiación de sus hijos, ya sea aquellos niños de poca edad que estaban con sus padres en el momento del allanamiento de la casa o los que nacían en centros clandestinos de detención, producto del secuestro de mujeres embarazadas, a las que se solía cuidar hasta dar a luz para luego ser asesinadas. Se trata de los “niños apropiados” o los “desaparecidos vivos” que las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo procuran encontrar para devolverles su identidad primera. En este artículo exploramos, a partir de un amplio corpus textual y visual, los dos procesos fundamentales –la apropiación y la restitución– de esta infancia apropiada, considerando sus diversas dimensiones: la jurídica, la psicoanalítica, la identitaria (genética y subjetiva) y la familiar. Asimismo, describimos dos relatos que ofician como modelos: las narrativas restitutivas y las contranarrativas. Finalmente cerramos con una breve reflexión sobre la categoría del “desaparecido vivo” y sus posibles derivas significativas en el contexto del presente.
La construcción social de la figura del perpetrador: procesos sociales, luchas políticas, producciones culturales
Authors: Salvi Valentina , Feld Claudia
Published: August 2020

Presentación del monográfico:
Los crímenes masivos del siglo XX y de comienzos del siglo XXI han dejado fuertes improntas en las memorias sociales, que siguen elaborando trabajosamente las historias de violencia, los traumas sufridos, las secuelas sociales y los proyectos políticos surgidos en contextos de pos-guerra, pos-dictatoriales y pos-genocidas. Usualmente, estas memorias han dado centralidad a la figura y a la voz de las víctimas. En efecto, ante crímenes muchas veces negados y silenciados por sus responsables, las víctimas debieron legitimar un lugar de escucha en los escenarios transicionales, lidiar con la desconfianza social para que sus relatos sobre lo sucedido fueran reconocidos como verdaderos e intervenir activamente en los procesos de justicia y reparación. Por todo ello, las víctimas ha tenido un protagonismo insoslayable a la hora de reconstruir los crímenes y reparar el tejido social en los escenarios de post-violencia.
Mawas diri berideologi: Tantangan berpartisipasi religius online di era ujaran kebencian
Authors: Sadida Nuri
Published: August 2020

Ujaran kebencian di dunia maya merupakan perilaku yang dimotivasi untuk mengekspresikan prasangka. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa perilaku religius merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mendorong ekspresi prasangka. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya saling bertolak belakang dalam mengungkap peran religiusitas dan prasangka, serta ditemukan bahwa kepribadian otoritarianisme seringkali memediasi hubungan tersebut. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk melihat hubungan perilaku religius di dunia maya dengan motivasi ekspresi prasangka, khususnya di media sosial. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini berupaya untuk memahami faktor yang bisa menjelaskan hubungan antara perilaku religius di dunia maya dan motivasi ekspresi prasangka dengan melihat peran mediasi ideologi otoritarianisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jumlah partisipan 152 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan dalam aktivitas religius secara online berhubungan langsung dengan motivasi eksternal ekspresi prasangka, dan tidak memiliki hubungan secara langsung dengan motivasi internal ekspresi prasangka. Namun demikian, ditemukan adanya efek tidak langsung pada motivasi internal ekspresi prasangka, melalui ideologi otoritarianisme.
On Hitler's Mein Kampf
Authors: Koschorke Albrecht
Published: August 2020

An examination of the narrative strategies employed in the most dangerous book of the twentieth century and a reflection on totalitarian literature.

Hitler's Mein Kampf was banned in Germany for almost seventy years, kept from being reprinted by the accidental copyright holder, the Bavarian Ministry of Finance. In December 2015, the first German edition of Mein Kampf since 1946 appeared, with Hitler's text surrounded by scholarly commentary apparently meant to act as a kind of cordon sanitaire. And yet the dominant critical assessment (in Germany and elsewhere) of the most dangerous book of the twentieth century is that it is boring, unoriginal, jargon-laden, badly written, embarrassingly rabid, and altogether ludicrous. (Even in the 1920s, the consensus was that the author of such a book had no future in politics.) How did the unreadable Mein Kampf manage to become so historically significant? In this book, German literary scholar Albrecht Koschorke attempts to explain the power of Hitler's book by examining its narrative strategies.

Koschorke argues that Mein Kampf cannot be reduced to an ideological message directed to all readers. By examining the text and the signals that it sends, he shows that we can discover for whom Hitler strikes his propagandistic poses and who is excluded. Koschorke parses the borrowings from the right-wing press, the autobiographical details concocted to make political points, the attack on the Social Democrats that bleeds into an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory, the contempt for science, and the conscious attempt to trigger outrage.

A close reading of National Socialism's definitive text, Koschorke concludes, can shed light on the dynamics of fanaticism. This lesson of Mein Kampf still needs to be learned.
What Is Health?
Authors: Sterling Peter
Published: August 2020

An argument that health is optimal responsiveness and is often best treated at the system level.

Medical education centers on the venerable “no-fault” concept of homeostasis, whereby local mechanisms impose constancy by correcting errors, and the brain serves mainly for emergencies. Yet, it turns out that most parameters are not constant; moreover, despite the importance of local mechanisms, the brain is definitely in charge. In this book, the eminent neuroscientist Peter Sterling describes a broader concept: allostasis (coined by Sterling and Joseph Eyer in the 1980s), whereby the brain anticipates needs and efficiently mobilizes supplies to prevent errors.

Allostasis evolved early, Sterling explains, to optimize energy efficiency, relying heavily on brain circuits that deliver a brief reward for each positive surprise. Modern life so reduces the opportunities for surprise that we are driven to seek it in consumption: bigger burgers, more opioids, and innumerable activities that involve higher carbon emissions. The consequences include addiction, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and climate change. Sterling concludes that solutions must go beyond the merely technical to restore possibilities for daily small rewards and revivify the capacities for egalitarianism that were hard-wired into our nature.

Sterling explains that allostasis offers what is not found in any medical textbook: principled definitions of health and disease: health as the capacity for adaptive variation and disease as shrinkage of that capacity. Sterling argues that since health is optimal responsiveness, many significant conditions are best treated at the system level.
German Philosophy
Authors: Badiou Alain , Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: August 2020

Two eminent French philosophers discuss German philosophy—including the legacy of Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Adorno, Fichte, Marx, and Heidegger—from a French perspective.

In this book, Alain Badiou and Jean-Luc Nancy, the two most important living philosophers in France, discuss German philosophy from a French perspective. Written in the form of a dialogue, and revised and expanded from a 2016 conversation between the two philosophers at the Universität der Künste Berlin, the book offers not only Badiou's and Nancy's reinterpretations of German philosophers and philosophical concepts, but also an accessible introduction to the greatest thinkers of German philosophy. Badiou and Nancy discuss and debate such topics as the legacies of Kant, Hegel, and Marx, as well as Nietzsche, Adorno, Fichte, Schelling, and the unavoidable problem of Heidegger and Nazism. The dialogue is contentious, friendly, and often quotable, with strong—at times passionate—positions taken by both Badiou and Nancy, who find themselves disagreeing over Kant, for example, and in unexpected agreement on Marx, for another.

What does it mean, then, to conduct a dialogue on German philosophy from a French perspective? As volume editor Jan Völker observes, “German philosophy” and “French philosophy” describe complex constellations that, despite the reference to nation-states and languages, above all encompass shared concepts and problems—although these take a range of forms. Perhaps they can reveal their essential import only in translation.
Response of grassland productivity to climate change and anthropogenic activities in arid regions of Central Asia
Authors: Bi Xu , Li Bo , Zhang Lixin , Nan Bo , Zhang Xinshi , Yang Zihan
Published: August 2020

Background

Quantitative evaluations of the relative impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activity on grasslands are significant for understanding grassland degradation mechanisms and controlling degraded grasslands. However, our knowledge about the effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on the grassland in a mountain basin system in arid regions of Central Asia is still subject to great uncertainties.

Methods

In this research, we have chosen the net primary productivity (NPP) as an index for revealing grassland dynamics processes. Moreover, the human appropriation of net primary production (NPPH), which was calculated as the potential NPP (NPPP) minus the actual NPP (NPPA), was applied to distinguish the relative influences of climate change and human activities on the grassland NPP variations in a mountain basin system of Central Asia from 2001–2015.

Results

The results indicated that the grassland NPPA showed an increasing trend (35.88%) that was smaller than the decreasing trend (64.12%). The respective contributions of human activity, climate change and the two together to the increase in the NPPA were 6.19%, 81.30% and 12.51%, respectively. Human activity was largely responsible for the decrease in the grassland NPPA, with the area experiencing human-induced decreases accounting for 98.21% of the total decreased area, which mainly occurred during spring/autumn pasture and winter pasture. Furthermore, the average grazing pressure index (GPI) values of summer pastures, spring/autumn pasture and winter pastures were 1.04, 3.03 and 1.83, respectively, from 2001–2015. In addition, negative correlations between the NPP and GPI occupied most of the research area (92.41%).

Discussion

Our results indicate that: (i) anthropogenic activities were the primary cause of the reduction in the grassland NPP, especially grazing activities. (ii) For areas where the grassland NPP has increased, precipitation was the dominant climatic factor over temperature in controlling the grassland NPP changes in the study area. (iii) The findings of the current research indicate that some measures should be taken to reduce livestock pressure, and artificial grasslands can be built along the Irtysh River and the Ulungur River to relieve grazing pressure on spring/autumn pastures and winter pastures. Our results could provide reliable information for grassland management and the prevention of grassland degradation in arid regions of Central Asia.
Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to leaf, stem, and yellow rusts of common wheat under field conditions of South Kazakhstan
Authors: Genievskaya Yuliya , Turuspekov Yerlan , Rsaliyev Aralbek , Abugalieva Saule
Published: August 2020

Common or bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is the most important cereal crop in the world, including Kazakhstan, where it is a major agricultural commodity. Fungal pathogens producing leaf, stem, and yellow (stripe) rusts of wheat may cause yield losses of up to 50–60%. One of the most effective methods for preventing these losses is to develop resistant cultivars with high yield potential. This goal can be achieved using complex breeding studies, including the identification of key genetic factors controlling rust disease resistance. In this study, a panel consisting of 215 common wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Kazakhstan, Russia, Europe, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia, with a wide range of resistance to leaf rust (LR), stem rust (SR), and yellow rust (YR) diseases, was analyzed under field conditions in Southern Kazakhstan. The collection was genotyped using the 20K Illumina iSelect DNA array, where 11,510 informative single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were selected for further genome-wide association study (GWAS). Evaluation of the phenotypic diversity over 2 years showed a mostly mixed reaction to LR, mixed reaction/moderate susceptibility to SR, and moderate resistance to YR among wheat accessions from Kazakhstan. GWAS revealed 45 marker–trait associations (MTAs), including 23 for LR, 14 for SR, and eight for YR resistances. Three MTAs for LR resistance and one for SR resistance appeared to be novel. The MTAs identified in this work can be used for marker-assisted selection of common wheat in Kazakhstan in breeding new cultivars resistant to LR, SR, and YR diseases. These findings can be helpful for pyramiding genes with favorable alleles in promising cultivars and lines.
Mechanical properties of a thoracic spine mannequin with variable stiffness control*
Authors: Owens Edward F. , Hosek Ronald S. , Russell Brent S.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To test the posterior-to-anterior stiffness (PAS) of a new thoracic spine training simulator under different conditions of “fixation.”

Methods

We constructed a thoracic spine model using plastic bones and ribs mounted in a wooden box, with skin and soft tissue simulated by layers of silicone and foam. The spine segment could be stiffened with tension applied to cords running through the vertebrae and ribs. We tested PAS at 2 tension levels using a custom-built device to apply repetitive loads at the T6 spinous process (SP) and over adjacent soft tissue (TP) while measuring load and displacement. Stiffness was the slope of the force-displacement curve from 55 to 75 N.

Results

Stiffness in the unconstrained (zero tension) condition over the SP averaged 11.98 N/mm and 6.72 N/mm over the TP. With tension applied, SP stiffness increased to 14.56 N/mm, and TP decreased to 6.15 N/mm.

Conclusion

Thoracic model compliance was similar to that reported for humans. The tension control system increased stiffness by 21.3% only over the SP. Stiffness over the TP was dominated by the lower stiffness of the thicker foam layer and did not change. The mannequin with these properties may be suitable for use in manual training of adjusting or PAS testing skills.
Factors Associated with Child Labor and Students’ Educational Participation: A Case Study of Public Elementary Schools of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Syoum Metasebia Lemma , Thuo Mary , Menza Solomon Kebede
Published: August 2020

Aim: The study assessed factors associated with child labor and students’ education participation in public elementary schools of Wolaita Zone.

Design: The study employed a descriptive survey research design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in four divisions and one administrative town in Wolaita zone from November 2018 to April 2019.

Methodology:  Data were obtained from 150 household heads purposively selected to respond to a household survey. Additionally, eight focus group discussions were held with 84, 3rd and 4th grade teachers. Data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Multiple linear regression using SPSS software version 20.0.

Results: Findings revealed that child-labor is still common in Wolaita Zone. Results indicated that over three quarters of the sampled households engage their children in paid or unpaid work. The correlation analysis revealed that younger household heads and those with better education, higher income and formal employment were less likely to let their children engage in child labor. The regression analysis found that education participation of 3rd and 4th graders increased with the number of children attending school per household, and on the perception of the household head regarding household needs. The decision to send a child to school or not were also based on; households’ economic standing, health care needs, employment opportunities, and being an orphan or having divorced/separated parents.

Conclusion: The study concluded that policies that protect children’s rights and those that increase participation in school should be enforced within the study area. As a policy recommendation, community involvement in protection of children welfare is required to support the long-run investment in human capital development.
The Characterization of Local Clay from Anambra State Nigeria for Its Potential Applications in the Production of Ceramic Whitewares
Authors: Nnaneme F. O. , Onuegbu T. U. , Agbo S. C. , Okwute E. S.
Published: August 2020

Local clay deposits from Ukpor in Nnewi South Local Government Area of Anambra State were characterized for its potential applications in the production of ceramics whitewares. XRF analysis of the clay revealed that it has high silica and alumina contents with some flux oxides. XRD analysis also revealed that of all the minerals present in the clay, quartz has the highest constituent followed by kaolinite and rutile. FT-IR analysis revealed that the bands corresponds to 3500 cm-1 to 4000   cm-1 indicating the presence hydroxyl groups (OH) and Si-O symmetry vibration stretch at 1206.207 cm-1 which confirmed the kaolinite structure of the clay. The SEM study showed a finely distributed uniform surface with isolated patches of granulated texture which explained the physical behaviour of the clay. The EDS spectrum of the formulated fired Ukpor clay indicated the presence of O, Al, K, Ca, K, Fe, and Si. The study revealed that an increase in the firing temperature and feldspar contents of the clay increases its bulk density, while the apparent density decreases with increase in temperature. Apparent porosity showed that there was a decrease from 25% to 3%, and the water absorption increases with increase in the silica content and decreases with temperature and feldspar increase. The shrinkage increases with the increase in temperature. The results concluded that the clay sample could be utilized as an industrial raw materials for the production of ceramic whitewares.
Dance Movement Therapy: Is There Scope in Modern Medicine?
Authors: Hemanth Lakshmi Kowdley
Published: August 2020

Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) has evolved over decades and is currently increasing its scope of application in modern medicine. The origin of DMT dates back to the early 1900s. Review of Literature explores the benefits of DMT as a holistic approach in treatment of various medical conditions ranging from mental health to physical rehabilitation purposes. There is a strong argument regarding imbibing DMT in care homes and across all age groups at various levels and forms as it is proving beneficial. Recognised programmes and trainers with knowledge of structured DMT is the way forward.
Rapid Assessment of Mosquito Larvae Distribution in Three Micro Habitats in Port Harcourt Metropolis Using Geospatial Methods
Authors: Omoye Nwabuoku , John Onwuteaka , Nwabueze Ebere , Nnaemeka Okeke
Published: August 2020

The technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in the rapid assessment of the abundance and distribution of mosquito larvae in three micro habitats (stagnant drainage, transient puddles and transient water in tyre) in Port-Harcourt metropolis in 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected over a period of four months in 7 zones (21 stations), reared to adult stage; identified up to species level and their abundance recorded. A total of 830 mosquito larvae were caught, belonging to three genera and five species. A GIS mapping showed a spatial variation in the abundance of the five species of mosquito which varied significantly, Culex quinquefasciatus had the highest mean abundance (15.5), followed by Anopheles gambiae (10.3), Aedes aegypti (7.5), Aedes albopictus (4.42) and Culex tigripes (2.41). Mosquito larvae species abundance was highest in stagnant drainage (51%), followed by transient puddles (30%) and then transient water in tyre (19%). All the mosquito genera have the capacity to occur as the only species within the microhabitats chosen for this study even as the microhabitats are in different landuse classes. Culex and the Anopheles genera occurred together in combinations as dominants and co-dominants within two (stagnant drainage and transient puddles) out of the three microhabitats. Aedes genus occurred insignificantly in combination with Anopheles only in the water-in-tyre microhabitat and with Culex and Anopheles in transient puddle microhabitat.

A GIS modeling based on maximum Anopheles mosquito flight distance (9km) was used to develop a surface hazard model of mosquito infestation. Spatial results produced individual hazard assessments from different cardinal points. Combined results of the individual hazard assessments confirmed a composite multi-hazard risk assessment where the distribution of risk was not based on the environmental attributes of the land use class. Provided the potential capacity to predict the health vulnerability of the population within each composite hazard class. This study offer insight on the promising nature of GIS-based models in a data scarce environment to help in a meaningful way extrapolate evidence-based mitigation planning and resource allocation in mosquito control programmes.
Opportunities and Constraints Faced by the Rural Shital Pati Weaver for Sustainable Livelihood
Authors: Maity Biman , Das Tarun Kumar , Sarkar Victor , Das Kshouni , Adhikary Ankur , Pradhan Kausik , Ganguly Bablu
Published: August 2020

The migration of villagers is very much predominant in developing country like India in search of the remunerative enterprise. At present, many farmers are not satisfied with their agriculture production.  The villagers struggle to get rid of subsistence livelihood. The shital pati / cool mat weaving is to be one of the potential enterprises for sustainable livelihood generation in the Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. In this perspective, the study was conducted in Dholuabari, Deochorai, Barokodali, Dhalpal villages of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal in December 2019 to January 2020 know the perception of cool mat weaver related to cool mat weaving entrepreneurship. Randomly 100 respondents who were engaged in cool mat production were selected for the study, and from each village 25, of respondents are taken. An interview schedule was designed to collect the primary information where secondary data were collected from panchayat pradhan, mediators, literature, research papers and internet. The study revealed that many farmers were engaged in this enterprise to get more remuneration from secondary agriculture and thereby improve their socio-economic status in a sustainable way.