bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived experience of respectful maternity care among mothers attending a selected teaching hospital of Kaski district
Authors: Poudel Sharmila , KC Deepti , Shrestha Shreejana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are momentous events in the lives of women and families and represent a time of intense vulnerability. Because parenthood is a uniquely female experience, questions of gender justice and violence are at the heart of maternity care. The study aimed to find out the perceived experience of respectful maternity care and its associated factors among postnatal mothers.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study population consisted of mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery and were admitted to the Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre’s postnatal ward from July 1 to August 1, 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used. Standard Respectful Maternity Care scale was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, coded and edited into Statistical package for the social sciences version 16.0 and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: Of total, 166 (83%) women did not receive respectful maternity care. Regarding the dimensions of RMC, more than half 106 (53%) of the mothers received abuse-free care. Only 40 (20%) of the mothers received friendly care. Parity with friendly care adjusted Odds ratio(AOR)=0.25, Confidence interval (CI) (0.10-0.64), education with abuse free care (AOR=3.66, CI 1.86-7.20), Parity with timely care (AOR=3.27, CI=1.45-7.38). Likewise, educational status of the respondent (AOR= 2.24,CI= 1.13-4.44), religion ( AOR=2.88, CI=1.19-6.95) and parity are the factors influencing discrimination free care( AOR= 0.36, CI=0.18-0.73).
Conclusions: The majority of women did not receive dignified and respectful care throughout labor.
Efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Vaidya Sagun Ram , Neupane Sandeep , Shrestha Kundu , Ghale Tumaya
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides the optimal operating conditions for upper arm surgery. The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Methods: An experimental study was performed in Gandaki Medical College and Teaching hospital, Pokhara. Forty patients undergoing surgery of the elbow, forearm, and hand under supraclavicular brachial plexus block, with 0.25% bupivacaine with normal saline (n = 20) in the Group I versus 0.25% bupivacaine with dexamethasone (n = 20) in Group II with an equal volume of 30 ml in each group. Randomization was done and the onset of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia was compared in both groups. Statistical package for the social sciences version 24.0 software was used. Continuous variables like the onset of sensory and motor block and time to first rescue analgesia were assessed with the student’s t-test and the chi-square test was applied to assess categorical variables like visual analogue score score.
Results: The time to onset of sensory block in the bupivacaine only group was 504.10±70.24 seconds compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (255.65±75.28) seconds. The time to onset of motor block in the bupivacaine-only group was 813.00±74.57 seconds compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (524.25±80.38) seconds. Time to first rescue analgesia in bupivacaine only group was 542.5±126.33 minutes compared to bupivacaine with dexamethasone group (1245±325.66) minutes. The difference was statistically significant in all the findings (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: The study concluded that the addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia and provides faster onset of sensory and motor blocks.
South Asian countries should be ready to combat monkeypox
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Subedi Nuwadatta
Published: July 2022

No abstract
Statistical Properties and Applications of Exponentiated Inverse Power Cauchy Distribution
Authors: Sapkota Laxmi Prasad
Published: July 2022

In this article, we have introduced the new distribution named exponentiated inverse power Cauchy distribution, which presents more flexibility in modeling a real lifetime dataset. The proposed distribution is analytically appealing and easy to work with and can be used efficiently to analyze the real data sets. Its probability density function can include various shapes according to the value of the parameters. Different explicit expressions for its quantile, survival, hazard and generating function, density function of the order statistics, cumulative hazard function, and failure rate function are provided. The model’s parameters are estimated by using the maximum likelihood estimation method, and we also obtained the observed information matrix. We have also constructed the asymptotic confidence intervals for the estimated parameters of the proposed distribution. We have illustrated the goodness-of-fit test and the application of the purposed distribution empirically through a real-life data set. All the computations are performed in R software (version 4.1.1). It is observed that the proposed distribution gets at least similar or a better fit than some selected distributions taken for comparison.
Modified Inverse NHE Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Sapkota Laxmi Prasad , Kumar Vijay
Published: July 2022

We have defined a modified form of the inverse NHE distribution in this study. The suggested distribution's hazard function might be shaped like a constant or increasing. Some of the suggested distribution's statistical properties are all clearly derived. Maximum likelihood, Least squares, and Cramer-Von-Mises methods are applied to determine the novel distribution's parameters. For estimators, the asymptotic confidence intervals have been determined as well. The fit of the new distribution is evaluated using an actual data set. We've found that the suggested distribution has proven to be effective in modeling real data set.
Mathematical Study of Two-Dimensional Temperature Variation in Tumor Embedded Breast Tissue
Authors: Shrestha Sharmila , KC Gokul , Gurung Dil Bahadur
Published: July 2022

The human body is made by 100 trillion cells. The uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells causes tumors. Due to the presence of tumor, the skin surface temperature of body provides abnormal behavior than normal. Most of the breast tumor develops in lobules and milk ducts of glandular layer. In this study, tumor is assumed in glandular layer. The study of this work is focused to find the temperature distribution in tumor embedded female breast tissue with different tumor location and different tumor size. For this, the finite element method is used to solve two-dimensional Pennes bio heat equation. The results show that the skin surface temperature of breast is higher with nearest tumor from areola. The temperature variation in breast tissue with tumors located at symmetrical position about the central line of the breast are identical.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Common Spices
Authors: Chaturwedi Shashi Bhusan , Goyal Shivani , Yadav Poonam , Sharma Anuradha , Chaudhary Richa
Published: July 2022

Objective: Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges that today's medical world has been facing. As a consequence of the haphazard use of antimicrobials, the spread of antimicrobial resistance is now a global issue. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of some common spices.
Methods: During the study period Five commonly used spices were collected from local market of Lagankhel, Lalitpur. The antimicrobial activity of selected naturally grown spices was done against two gram positive and three gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The extracts of the spices were obtained by using absolute ethanol (99.9%) to carry out the antibacterial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The result of agar well diffusion method showed Clove and Cinnamon were found to possess relatively higher antimicrobial activities by preventing the growth of all 5 tested bacteria. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to spices than Gram negative bacteria.
Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that extract of spices can be alternative to synthetic drugs to control infectious diseases.
Knowledge and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic during the First Wave: a Cross-Sectional Study among Nepalese Healthcare Workers
Authors: Aryal Biplav , Ranabhat Kamal , Paudel Kiran , Kalauni Bhoj Raj , Shrestha Sunil , Adhikari Data Ram , Karki Achyut Raj , Bhattarai Anil
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge and perception of COVID 19 among frontline health care workers in Nepal.
Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among frontline healthcare workers involved in managing and treating COVID-19 in Nepal by adapting the questionnaire from the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0. A chi-square test was used to investigate the association level among variables at 95% level of significance.
Results: A total of 285 health professionals participated in this study, among them male (50.5%), and female (49.5%). The mean (± SD) age of participants was 27.21 ± 5.42 years old. Most of the participants got information on COVID-19 from social media (50.5%) and online news/newspapers (40.3%). On the other hand, a significant proportion of Health care workers (HCWs) had poor knowledge about its transmission (n=170, 59.6%) and an incubation period (n=129, 45.3%).
Conclusion: There was a significant gap in knowledge and perception, particularly about the transmission and incubation period. A concerned national initiative to respond the pandemic could help better compliance with behavioral guidelines to respond to this public health emergency.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: a Cross Sectional Study in Chicken Poultry of Kirtipur, Nepal
Authors: Kharel Manisha , Tamaru Sumi , Chaudary Tirtha Raj , Magar Dabin Thapa , Gaire Bishow Raj , Ghimire Bindu
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The study was conducted to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli from fecal sample of different chicken poultry farm located at Kirtipur.
Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from November 1st 2019 to February 29th 2020. The samples were collected from 27 different poultry farms and processed at Microbiology laboratory at Trichandra Multiple Campus. Identified E. coli were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by using Kirby and Bauer Disc Diffusion technique and Combined disk method was used to determine ESBL E. coli.
Results: From all 27 poultry farms, E. coli was isolated from broiler (n=13), layer (n=10), and local (n=4) breeds, of which 23 (85.18%) were not registered. The chickens were fed with vitamin and calcium as growth promoter along with antibiotics; Piperacillin, Colistin and Doxycycline. Altogether 85.18% (n=23) isolates showed sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime followed by Tigecycline 77.7% (n=21). Among these isolates 66.6% (n=18) were resistance towards Piperacillin followed by Ampicillin 37% (n=10). A statistically significant correlation was seen in resistance rate between broiler and layers. Among total isolates 37.03% (n=10) were Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) and 14.81% (n=4) were ESBL producer. Unregistered poultry farms were associated with MDR and ESBL Ec isolates.
Conclusion: Unregistered poultry farms and irrational use of antibiotics has influenced development of MDR and ESBL isolates. Timely monitoring and surveillance is suggested to decrease the trend of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry system.
Determination of Inhibitory Effects of Allium sativum Extract on Biofilm Production by Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Rai Ashim , Banjara Meha Raj
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To determine anti-biofilm effect of fresh garlic extract (FGE) on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm production and the relationship between methicillin resistance and biofilm production intensity.
Methods: Clinical S. aureus isolates were identified methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by cefoxitin disc diffusion method. The anti-biofilm effects of FGE on S. aureus biofilm biomass determination was done using crystal violet assay.
Results: Among 71 S. aureus isolates, MRSA were 37 (52.1%). Among biofilm producers, comparison of biofilm biomass (absorbance at 492 nm) showed no significant differences in biofilm formation ability between MRSA and MSSA (p=0.325). Use of 10% FGE decreased biofilm production in MRSA and MSSA by 40.4% (p<0.001) and 48.1% (p<0.001) respectively. Detachment assay using sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that control group biofilm biomass was decreased by 41.2%, while test group was decreased by 61.7% (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Garlic extracts has potency as an anti-biofilm agent and could be developed and used to manage different S. aureus biofilm related infections.
Nestorki i nestorzy polskiej socjologii pracy. Wybrane problemy
Authors: Czeranowska Olga , Kamińska-Berezowska Sławomira , Mika Bartosz
Published: July 2022

The publication is the result of the implementation of the project "The Doyens of Polish Sociology of Work", the authors of which are members of the Sociology of Work Section of the Polish Sociological Association. The presented publication focuses only on selected areas of the project that relate to academic sociologists of work in the aspect of women's work. By assumption, the proposed publication has two main goals, firstly it is to contribute to filling the gap in looking at the history of the subdiscipline from a feminist perspective, and secondly, it is to be a reference to Mills's sociological imagination, especially in its critical dimension (also described by Giddens).
Building the civil state: A study in foundation and requirements
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, حمدأمين شتيوان , النائب إحسان
Published: July 2022

This study establishes the concept of the civil state, and deals with the research in its foundations and main components, in terms of the foundational texts in liberal thought that are necessary preludes for its emergence and the consolidation of its foundations and requirements in Western societies. The roots and emergence of the civil state in liberal political thought came in the context of the transformations and changes that began with the renaissance and enlightenment in Western thought, and through our research we try to analyze the foundational texts of the concept of the civil state and explain its foundations and requirements in this context. The study touched on the liberal democracy and the separation of religion from the state rule of law, as it represents the most important foundations of the civil state, in addition to talking about the civil society, citizenship and culture of pluralism as the main requirements of building the civil state. This was crystallized through multiple contributions by Enlightenment philosophers and thinkers as part of the Enlightenment process. The aim of it is to establish a modern state whose mission is to manage public affairs, based on the principles of equality, respect for rights and protection of freedoms, and based on moral values ​​in governance. In order to arrive at a presentation of our problem and prove the research hypothesis, we used the historical approach and the descriptive analytical method.
تیۆرى جه‌نگى ڕەوا له‌ سیاسەتی نێوده‌وڵه‌تیدا “لێکۆڵینەوەیەکی تیۆری
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, کاکەامین زانا , فتاح ئومێد
Published: July 2022

Just war is a theory that contains moral and legal justifications, and governs the time and circumstances in which states are allowed to enter the war. Therefore, just war theory and the laws of war are reflecting to each other. The first has a long history of legitimizing war and its appearance possibly goes back to the Greek and Roman civilisation as the public interest was a reasoning for their wars. In the Middle-Ages, religious authority played a significant role in legitimizing the use of force by political authority. In the modern era, the nature of war and the principles of intervention have undergone changes, so that the implementation of that theory built and established the nation-state in the West. In contemporary times, Michael Walzer developed the theory so that individual rights became a central principle of just war. The main question of this study is whether war can be legitimized and reasonable or when intervention is legitimate? As well as how the forces are used? This study examines and explains the mentioned questions by presenting the roots and principles of that theory. Thus, it is assumed that a war is just when it is decided through the principles of a just war theory. This theory deals with the justification of how and why wars are fought. It can be concluded that Just war is a last resort and that its essential aim is always peace and Justice.
The Foundation of Russia-KRG Relations
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, ئەحمەد زوبیر
Published: July 2022

Despite the long relationship between Russia and Kurds, there relations have not crossed the tactical and short-term lines. The key question in this study is to examine the bases of Russia and KRG relations, through asking what Russia-KRG relations are based on? This study has concluded that Russia-KRG relations have always been linked with other issues. The Kurdish question has always been used as a political pressure card against Russia’s rivals in the region for special reasons. Although, the economic factor has been added to Russia-Kurdish relations after 2003, especially energy deals, in fact their relations have not crocs its tactical and realistic boundaries. The history of Russia-Kurdish relations tells us that Mosco has never stayed with Kurdish demands till the end. Furthermore, this study has found that two main drivers influenced the Russia-Kurdish relations. The first factor is Turkey factor, in which Russia had always considered it in its relation with the Kurds. Second, is an energy factor which is a new factor and only emerged after 2003 through Russian oil and natural gas companies working in KRG. It is true that keeping relations with Russia is important for KRG, however over-reliance on these relations is not riskless.
America’s position on Soviet influence in Iraq (1969-1974)
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, عبدالله هاوار , صالح گۆران
Published: July 2022

The Soviet increasing hegemony in Iraq after the second coup d’état of Baa’th party in 1968, pushed the Americans to interfere more in domestic politics in Iraq. As the Americans considered that as a threat against their interest. The US implemented some strategies in order to counter the Soviet threat such as; reducing and confronting the Soviet hegemony in Iraq, and weakening the Baa’th party authority in Iraq. For that reason, the Kurdish factor was used against the both sides in order to weaken their position. The research methodology of this paper is historical analyses. The content is consists of five chapters, the first chapter deals with the Baa’th coup d’état between the Soviet hegemony and US reaction, the second provided the foundation of Iraqi-Kurdish peace deal in the era of Soviet-US rivalry, while the third chapter focuses on the US foreign policy towards Iraqi-Soviet friendship agreement in April 9th of 1972, the fourth chapter is about the nationalization of Iraqi oil and the liberation front of Iraq in Soviet US conflict, and finally, chapter fife discusses the Soviet factor in the US backing the Kurdish revolution in 1972-1974, in conclusion the findings are explained.
Media policy in the Kurdistan region
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, اسکندر ڕۆژان
Published: July 2022

The media has a significant role in directing and forming public opinion, so it is important to set and determine public and long-term policies to help the media at the public level. Since the space of media has a complex and multidimensional nature, scientific research and appropriate solutions must be found to solve public media problems and serve public goals. One of these ways is media policy. It is here intended to be a wide-scale strategy for directing the media to reach a public framework in a way that serves the high goals of society. This study was conducted to focus on media policy in the Kurdistan Region and to address the needs of this field, as well as to fill the gap in media policy in the Kurdistan Region. This study is an attempt to highlight the importance of this policy to the Kurdistan Regional Government’s media and following that, the concept of politics in general, media policy and its objectives are discussed. This has been done by investigating the literature of the research and using the method of library research.
The Age of Enlightenment and the establishment of critical trends in German political thought
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, أحمد محمد , النائب إحسان
Published: July 2022

The concept of criticism and critical philosophy takes up a significant position in Western political thought, particularly after the emergence of the rational trend connected with the Age of Enlightenment and its principles of emancipation and progress. Also, it has become the spirit of civilization, the essential stimulus of creativity, and an effective manifestation of the awakening of individual and social consciousness, aimed at realizing the world, and altering it through the uncovering of human beings potentiality of strength and weakness, and the challenge of all that shackles one’s freedom and impedes one’s development and progress. Given that, enlightenment is a cultural trend that has disseminated in Europe and made the mind the sole source of knowledge. Thus, the German Illuminati strove for the success of reason and defended the legitimacy of scientific criticism by calling for social equality of individuals before reasons. The German Enlightenment went through several stages, beginning with Leibniz, Wolfe Welsung, up to Kant, being the founder of critical philosophy.
Impact of the Iraqi Council of Representatives Elections Act No. (9) of 2020 on the Representation of Disputed Areas (an Analytical Study)
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, محمود دلشاد , جوهر ياسين
Published: July 2022

After a long debate and a wide political debate about the proposed draft Iraqi Parliament elections law for the year 2020 AD, submitted by the President of the Republic, and under the pressure of the demonstrators in the sit-in squares, the parliament approved it and Iraq turned into multiple constituencies, and thus the electoral system was changed in effect through the division of Iraq Singles into small circles. Among the most important changes that this law brought about is Article 15 and 16. It considered that the number of electoral districts in each governorate should be equal to the number of seats allocated to women in those governorates, and the nomination is individual within the electoral district, which is what the Kurdish political forces objected to, and the reason for that is that this change will effect On the seats for representing the Kurdish nationalism in the regions, Article 140 of the constitution or the so-called disputed areas that were and are still the subject of political and administrative debate between the Kurdistan Region and the central government, and we see this article is the steel of the electoral system on the basis of which each seat will be considered a quota of one electoral district in the governorate And it has a direct impact in that area.. Therefore, this study deals with the most important influences of the new law for the House of Representatives elections in the disputed areas. Soon, these regions undergo continuous changes, so the study focuses on answering the basic question represented by the impact of the new law on organizing the electoral process for these regions. In order to reach this, the changes taking place and the factors affecting them for the study area were studied, the problems that occur in it and the and put the proposed solution to it.
The Legal Framework for Protecting Freedom of Opinion and Expression (The Case of Iraq as a Model)
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, الميداني محمد أمين , محمدأمين هەلاله
Published: July 2022

Despite the existence of international and regional instruments, and national legislation, devoted to organizing and protecting freedom of opinion and expression, they witness many violations and restrictions on their practice. This is after internal developments in many countries revealed the deterioration of political, economic, social and cultural conditions, which constitutes a major topic for studies in both international human rights law and national law, in order to address these violations and set rules and controls that guarantee the preservation of freedom of opinion and expression within its legitimate framework, without exceeding it to harm others or society. Iraq constitutes a prominent case for study in this regard, with regard to the protection of freedom of opinion and expression in Iraq since the establishment of the Iraqi state until today, as the paradigm shift that the Iraqi political system has witnessed since 2003 has contributed to the consecration of many rights and freedoms, including freedom of opinion and expression, which is the starting point for the rest of the freedoms and one of the mainstays of building an edifice Democracy. For the purpose of studying this topic, it has been distributed on two axes: The first axis deals with the concept of freedom of opinion and expression and its protection at the international and regional levels. The second axis is devoted to freedom of opinion and expression in Iraqi legislation.
The Structure of the Political Opportunity in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq – a study of the popular protests during 2003-2013
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, محى الدين سردار , مصطفى فرهاد
Published: July 2022

The structure of political opportunity is often defined as those dimensions of the political climate that provide the incentives for the victory of protests about political power and its societal policies, which generates pressure on the political elite and forces it to openness and transition to the democracy. The theory of the structure of political opportunity appeared in the seventies of the last century, and the theory focused on: that the structure of political opportunity depends on certain variables in order to create a societal transformation at the level of politics, culture and economy, such as: the opening of political entrances to reach participation at the legislative and executive level, instability of the arrangement the political, influential alliances about political power and the authority itself with some of the forces that see it revolving in its orbit, the emergence of divisions among the ruling political elite. There were positive influences in the structure of political opportunity in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in the period 2003-2013 in the field, such as: time, awareness, welfare, openness, weakness of party affiliation, the rise of social movements and civil society organizations, the revolutionary elite, media and political communication available to all, Supporting national and international equations, change in the political map. However, until now, it faces the political opportunity structure for many internal and external challenges at all levels, and among these challenges are: the party-dominated formation of society, limiting transformations in partisan convergence, flexible repression and in the name of democracy, the monopoly of power, the response of power to the demands of citizens, the absence of the constitution, and the external interventions.
The thought of (Edmund Burke, Alexis de Tocqueville and Michael Oakeshott) as a model – an analytical comparative study
Authors:   Center for Future Studies, احمد جبار
Published: July 2022

Civil society carries different and multifaceted meanings and also changes according to historical progress and different philosophical views, the political meaning of the concept is the political development of societies and institutions and relations. Opinions are varying on the meaning of different civil society; the liberal mind emphasizes freedom and individuality in the development of civil society for the sake of individual well-being. But as the worldview of the liberal mind changes according to the differences in the direction of liberalism, conservative liberal intellectual thinkers believe in civil development of communities towards welfare by the condition of preserving civil values and norms, Liberal thinkers, who are governors of how and how to preserve those values and norms, are also different. (Edmund Burke) believes in the preservation of the natural aristocracy, (Alexis de Tocqueville) sees individualism as the basis of democracy in the spirit of the growth of civil society, and (Michael Oakeshott) believes that active liberal individual on the basis of adherence to behavior for the sake of harmony between law and behavior, shortening of the law interference, and daily individual activities can be the main factors of civil society which forgiveness and social harmony have been guaranteed.
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy: an overview
Authors:   Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Duong Thu Trang ,   Institute of Genome Research, VAST, Nguyen Minh Phu ,   Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Pham Minh Chau ,   Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Do Manh Hung ,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST,   Institute of Genome Research, VAST, Nguyen Hai Ha ,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST,   Institute of Genome Research, VAST
Published: July 2022

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare inherited disorder, characterised by the abnormal development of retinal blood vessels. FEVR is marked by an avascular peripheral retina, which may give rise to a range of sight-threatening complications depending on the severity of the disease. FEVR and retinopathy of prematurity almost share the same ocular manifestations, but most FEVR cases are full-term. To date, several pathogenic genes have been reported to be associated with FEVR whose inheritance pattern may be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked. It has been proposed that defects in the Norrin/Frizzled4 signalling pathway play a role in the pathogenesis of FEVR. Fluorescein Angiography stands out as a standard approach for an accurate diagnosis, especially in early stages and asymptomatic cases. Regarding current treatments, laser coagulation of retinal avascular zones is a key for managing neovascularization and exudation, and surgical intervention is required in severe cases with progressive retinal detachment.
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease - a rare feature of infancyin Children’s Hospital No. 2: a case report
Authors:   Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ha Van Thieu ,   Children’s Hospital No. 2, Truc Le Thuy Phuong ,   Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Trinh Huu Tung ,   Children’s Hospital No. 2, Nguyen Minh Ngoc ,   Children’s Hospital No. 2, Ngo Van Bach ,   Children’s Hospital No. 2, Ha Huy Khoi ,   Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Published: July 2022

An eight-month-old boy presented with bloody stool. The patient had a fever, loose stools, bloody stool, growth retardation, anaemia, and malnutrition. Preliminary diagnoses were enteric infections and cow’s milk protein allergy. After aggressive treatment of the infection and a restricted diet, the bloody stool is still profuse. The patient was carried out tests to find the cause of prolonged bloody stool and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results showed that erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased, serum albumin decreased, ASCA positive, faecal calprotectin increased >800 μg/g. Ileocolonoscopy revealed continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon, starting from the rectum,and haemorrhage. Histology showed deep ulcers and chronic inflammation. He was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory bowel disease unclassified at nineteen-month-old. Treatment with complete enteral nutrition therapy, oral corticosteroids and azathioprine, after 2 months, the patient no longer had bloody stool.
Hesperidin exerts protective effects on HEK293 cells in an acute kidney injury model in vitro
Authors:   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vu Thi Thu , Ngo Thi Hai Yen ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: July 2022

In this research, HEK293 cells were subjected to a hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) model in vitro. The protective effects of hesperidin (Hes) were evaluated by assessing the cell viability value and the mitochondrial cardiolipin content. In contrast to the HR-subjected cell group, Hes (concentrations of 4-32 μM) significantly improved the HEK293 cell viability value (p<0.05). Moreover, the group of cells pretreated with Hes (concentrations of 4 and 8 μM) before the HR phase had higher cardiolipin content than the group of disease model cells but not treated with Hes. These preliminary results showed that Hes could be a potential compound in protecting HEK293 cells and their mitochondria against HR injury.
Sex determination by molecular markers and micropropagation of Actinidia chinensis
Authors:   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Nguyen Thi My Hanh ,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST,   Dalat Vocational Training College, Hoang Thanh Tung ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Hoang Dac Khai ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Do Manh Cuong ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Nguyen Thi Nhu Mai ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Vu Quoc Luan ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST, Huynh Van Biet ,   Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Huynh Huu Duc ,   Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh city, Hoang Thi Nhu Phuong ,   Dalat University, Bui Van Le ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Duong Tan Nhut ,   Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific and Research, VAST
Published: July 2022

In this study, a molecular sex-linked marker was used to determine the sex of 8 kiwifruit plants. In addition, leaf explants with sex determination were used as the original plant material for micropropagation via callus induction, shoot regeneration, and shoot cluster proliferation. The results showed that the sex determination method of Kiwi plants based on molecular markers on the Y chromosome amplified by primer pair SmY1_F/R successfully identified male Kiwi explant belonging to Actinidia chinensis. In addition, optimal explant surface sterilisation and shoot regeneration were obtained from leaf explants disinfected with 200 ppm silver nanoparticles; meanwhile, the culture medium supplemented with 20% coconut water was suitable for the highest efficiency of shoot cluster proliferation.
Penurunan Kadar Ammonia dan Phospat pada Limbah Cair dengan Menggunakan Tanaman Enceng Gondok di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan
Authors: Sukati Sukati , Nugrahalia Meida , Karim Abdul
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to reduce the levels of ammonia (NH3) and phosphate (PO4) in water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) experimentally with contact times with water hyacinth 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Water hyacinth has 2 plants, 4 plants, 6 plants and 1 control bucket. From the results of this study, the contact time of 24 hours can reduce ammonia levels by 46% - 82% and phosphate content by 33% - 56%. The ammonia content can be reduced by 71% - 87%, the phosphate content by 58% - 90% with a contact time of 48 hours, and the ammonia content can be reduced by 89% - 91% with a contact time of 72 hours. . Phosphate content 82%-97%. The maximum absorption time is 24 hours of contact time. This is because the ammonia content can be reduced by 46% - 82% and the phosphate content can be reduced by 33% - 56%.
Penerapan Metode Convolution Neural Network (CNN) Pada Aplikasi Automatic Lip Reading
Authors: Mamuriyah Nimatul , Sumantri Jason
Published: July 2022

AbstractA Prototype of Automatic Lip-Reading or a prototype of automatic lip-reading is a device that is needed by people with hearing disabilities or the Deaf. The prototype will help people with hearing impairment move independently without depending on others. Advances in Nano technology have driven the development of Computer Vision and software that enables the creation of prototypes of Automatic Lip-Reading. The image processing applied to this prototype is focused on the movement of the lips, tongue, and the area around a person's mouth. Furthermore, the results of the image recognition will compare with the database that has been provided to produce certain words. The prototype design consists of a camera, Python with Tensorflow used as an image processing programming language with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method as an image recognition method, and Machine Learning Technology used as processing and decision-making systems. This study, numbers and alphabets were used as trials or predictions of the Automated Lip-Reading system. By using CNN and Machine Learning methods, the test results show that in general, the system designed can predict numbers and alphabet with not quite high or less than 35%. Â Â
Dinamika Sekolah Pinggiran dalam Perspektif Kepemimpinan Krisis di Kota Kendari
Authors: Badarwan Badarwan
Published: July 2022

Kehadiran pemimpin dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi merupakan aspek yang sangat menentukan. Kegagalan dan keberhasilan lembaga sangat bergantung pada kepiawaian pemimpin dalam mengatur irama organisasi, melakukan inovasi, dan menguatkan visi. Lembaga pendidikan yang saat ini tidak lagi murni non profit, juga mendapatkan tuntutan yang sama dalam kepemimpinan. Tinjauan ini menarik dibawa dalam mengkaji keberadaan sekolah-sekolah pinggiran di Kota Kendari, salah satunya di Yayasan Al Muhajirin, Baruga. Yayasan ini bergulat dalam persaingan antar sekolah yang sangat ketat, namun dengan kondisi sumber daya yang sangat terbatas. Hasilnya, sekolah ini hanya menjadi pelabuhan masyarakat pinggiran. Kata Kunci: Sekolah Daerah Pinggiran, Kepemimpinan Krisis Abstract            The presence of leaders in organizing the organization is a very decisive aspect. The failure and success of the institution is very dependent on the expertise of the leader in managing the rhythm of the organization, innovating, and strengthening the vision. Educational institutions that are currently not purely non-profit, also get the same demands in leadership. This interesting review was taken in reviewing the existence of suburban schools in Kendari City, one of which was at the Al Muhajirin Foundation, Baruga. This foundation is struggling in a very tight competition between schools, but with very limited resources. As a result, this school has only become a port of suburban communities. Keywords: Suburban Regional Schools, Crisis Leadership
Madrasah Principal Management: Efforts to Improve Teacher Performance at Private Madrasah (Manajemen Kepala Madrasah : Usaha Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru pada Madrasah Swasta)
Authors: Akib Akib , Salnawati Salnawati
Published: July 2022

This article aims to describe the management of madarsah principals in improving teacher performance at Padangguni Private Madrasahs, Konawe Regency. This research is qualitative with a narrative approach. Collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, display and data verification. Checking the validity of the data is done by extending observations, increasing persistence and triangulation. The results showed that in order to improve teacher performance, madrasah principals carried out several things including: 1) Performance planning, 2) Performance organization, 3) Performance implementation and 4) Performance evaluation. Through the management of the madrasah principal, teachers are increasingly improving their performance, such as 1) planning lessons, 2) implementing learning, 3) evaluating learning and 4) learning follow-up. This study concludes that teacher performance can be increased through the implementation of good madrasa principal management functions. It is recommended that a madrasa principal must have leadership in carrying out his duties.Keywords: Management, Madrasah Principal, PerformanceArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen kepala madarsah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru pada Madrasah Swasta Padangguni Kabupaten Konawe.  Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif  dengan pendekatan naratif. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan  reduksi data, display dan verifikasi data. Pengecekkan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan dan triangulasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja   guru,  kepala madrasah melaksanakan beberapa hal  meliputi: 1)  Perencanaan kinerja,  2) Pengorganisasian kinerja,  3)  Pelaksanaan  kinerja dan  4) Evaluasi kinerja. Melalui  manajemen kepala madrasah tersebut  guru semakin memperbaiki kinerjanya seperti 1) merencanakan pembelajaran, 2) melaksanakan pembelajaran, 3) evaluasi pembelajaran dan 4) tindak lanjut pembelajaran. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa Kinerja guru dapat meningkat melalui pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi manajemen kepala madrasah yang baik.  Direkomendasi seorang  kepala madrasah harus memiliki  leadership dalam melaksanakan tugasnya.Kata Kunci: Manajemen, Kepala Madrasah, Kinerja Guru
Halalopathy: Stimulation of the Immune System Through Enrichment of Potential Energy
Authors: Alzeer Jawad , Alzeer Jawad
Published: July 2022

The human mind is highly exposed to different sources of information. According to halalopathy, supportive information enriches potential, while distracting information increases entropy. Potential energy and entropy are inversely proportional. The enrichment of potential energy creates favourable circumstances for prevention and recovery, while the accumulation of entropy accelerates aging and the development of diseases. The availability of potential energy plays a crucial role in how the immune system can exist and behave. Fight mode i.e., high potential energy mode where errors and defects are detected and corrected simultaneously. Fright mode in which potential energy is dispersed and entropy is accelerated, causing the immune system to respond randomly and attack indiscriminately. The flight mode, in which potential energy is suppressed, leads to a slowing down of the immune response, thereby bypassing many defects and mutations. The main objective of halalopathy is to develop methods and strategies to enrich the potential, keep the fight mode active and thus stimulate the immune system for better prevention and recovery.
APPLICATION OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PKN SUBJECTS AT SMP 01 ISLAM JEMBER
Authors: Bahri Mulyadi Syaiful
Published: July 2022

the teacher's learning process has an important role in making teaching more meaningful and memorable so that students are motivated to learn. To improve learning outcomes, an effective teaching media is needed, so that students are motivated to learn by using learning media,This study uses a descriptive qualitative research approach. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects, such as behavior, perception, motivation, action and others. the use of multimedia learning media by teachers can explain the material without having to rewrite the material described. In addition, the benefits obtained by students are students can more easily understand the material / teaching materials. This is felt by students because the material is presented with videos which allow students to know the material is not abstract / just wishful thinking, so that their learning motivation will increase. the evaluation of the application of multimedia learning media this time has shown a high level of student learning enthusiasm. In addition, some of the benefits of using this learning media have been obtained by both teachers and students
EFFORTS TO INCREASE INTEREST AND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF ECONOMIC SUBJECTS THROUGH ACTIVE DEBATE METHOD
Authors: Wardana Ribut
Published: July 2022

Learning becomes quality if students can be actively involved in creating a meaningful learning process. The results of initial observations in class XII Social Sciences 3 SMA Negeri 1 Tanggul Even Semester for the 2019/2020 Academic Year obtained data on the Economics subject teaching material "Characteristics of Trading Companies " students who have not achieved completeness as much as 44%, meaning that most students have not been actively involved in learning . The subjects and at the same time the objects in this study were all 36 students of class XII IPS 3 as many as 36 students. This research is a type of quantitative research. Data collection by the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis. In this Classroom Action Research, the researcher wants to provide a learning method that has never been applied before, namely the active debate method in Economics in class XII IPS 3 SMA Negeri 1 Tanggul Even Semester for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. Students of class XII IPS 3 were chosen as subjects in the study, because researchers wanted to improve learning outcomes which so far have not been as expected.Active debate is a form of terrorism or argument, either orally or in writing, between two people or groups of different opinions, by attacking or influencing each other so that they want to carry out, act, follow or at least have a tendency in accordance with what is desired by the speaker or writer
Fracture Toughness, Hardness, and Microstructure of Ceramic Modified Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials
Authors: M. Hamouda Ibrahim
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of fracture toughness, hardness and microstructure of ceramic-modified versus resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. For fracture toughness, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a stainless-steel split mold (25mm length, 2.5mm thickness and 5mm width). Fracture toughness was measured using Lloyd universal testing machine with cross head speed 2 mm/min. For hardness testing, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a disc-shaped stainless-steel mold (5mm diameter and 2mm height). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Hardness was measured using Vickers micro hardness tester with 50 g load. The microstructure of both materials was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results of this study showed there wasn’t significant difference between both materials in fracture toughness. The hardness of ceramic-modified glass ionomer was higher than that of the resin-modified type. The addition of ceramic filler to the glass ionomer didn’t improve its fracture toughness. The microstructure of resin-modified glass ionomer showed tight packing between the matrix and the resin filler, while the ceramic-modified glass ionomer showed separated matrix from the ceramic filler.