bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a Decision Support Tool on Prognosis of Work Ability in Work Disability Assessments: An Experimental Study Among Insurance Physicians
Authors: Louwerse I. , Huysmans M. A. , van Rijssen H. J. , Gielen C. L. I. , van der Beek A. J. , Anema J. R.
Published: June 2020

Purpose Assessment of prognosis of work disability is a challenging task for occupational health professionals. An evidence-based decision support tool, based on a prediction model, could aid professionals in the decision-making process. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of such a tool on Dutch insurance physicians’ (IPs) prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence, and assess IPs’ attitudes towards use of the tool. Methods We conducted an experimental study including six case vignettes among 29 IPs. For each vignette, IPs first specified their own prognosis of future work ability and prognostic confidence. Next, IPs were informed about the outcome of the prediction model and asked whether this changed their initial prognosis and prognostic confidence. Finally, respondents reported their attitude towards use of the tool in real practice. Results The concordance between IPs’ prognosis and the outcome of the prediction model was low: IPs’ prognosis was more positive in 72 (41%) and more negative in 20 (11%) cases. Using the decision support tool, IPs changed their prognosis in only 13% of the cases. IPs prognostic confidence decreased when prognosis was discordant, and remained unchanged when it was concordant. Concerning attitudes towards use, the wish to know more about the tool was considered as the main barrier. Conclusion The efficacy of the tool on IPs’ prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence was low. Although the perceived barriers were overall limited, only a minority of the IPs indicated that they would be willing to use the tool in practice.
Point-of-care platelet function tests: relevance to arterial thrombosis and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Gorog Diana A. , Becker Richard C.
Published: June 2020

Studies using whole blood platelet aggregometry as a laboratory research tool, provided important insights into the mechanism and modulators of platelet aggregation. Subsequently, a number of point-of-care (POC) platelet function tests (PFTs) were developed for clinical use, based on the concept that an individual’s thrombotic profile could be assessed in vitro by assessing the response to stimulation of platelet aggregation by specific, usually solo agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin. However, adjusting antiplatelet medication in order to improve the results of such POC PFTs has not translated into a meaningful reduction in cardiovascular events, which may be attributable to important differences between the POC PFT techniques and in vivo conditions, including patient-to-patient variability. Important limitations of most tests include the use of citrate-anticoagulated blood. Citrate directly and irreversibly diminishes platelet function and even after recalcification, it may result in altered platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine or collagen, and interfere with thrombin generation from activated platelets. Furthermore, most tests do not employ flowing blood and therefore do not assess the effect of high shear forces on platelets that initiate, propagate and stabilize arterial thrombi. Finally, the effect of endogenous thrombolysis, due to fibrinolysis and dislodgement, which ultimately determines the outcome of a thrombotic stimulus, is mostly not assessed. In order to accurately reflect an individual’s predisposition to arterial thrombosis, future tests of thrombotic status which overcome these limitations should be used, to improve cardiovascular risk prediction and to guide pharmacotherapy.
Nitrated monoaromatic hydrocarbons (nitrophenols, nitrocatechols, nitrosalicylic acids) in ambient air: levels, mass size distributions and inhalation bioaccessibility
Authors: Kitanovski Zoran , Hovorka Jan , Kuta Jan , Leoni Cecilia , Prokeš Roman , Sáňka Ondřej , Shahpoury Pourya , Lammel Gerhard
Published: June 2020

Nitrated monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment and an important part of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and brown carbon. They are ecotoxic and with underresearched toxic potential for humans. NMAHs were determined in size-segregated ambient particulate matter collected at two urban sites in central Europe, Ostrava and Kladno, Czech Republic. The average sums of 12 NMAHs (Σ12NMAH) measured in winter PM10 samples from Ostrava and Kladno were 102 and 93 ng m−3, respectively, and 8.8 ng m−3 in summer PM10 samples from Ostrava. The concentrations in winter corresponded to 6.3–7.3% and 2.6–3.1% of HULIS-C and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), respectively. Nitrocatechols represented 67–93%, 61–73% and 28–96% of NMAHs in PM10 samples collected in winter and summer at Ostrava and in winter at Kladno, respectively. The mass size distribution of the targeted substance classes peaked in the submicrometre size fractions (PM1), often in the PM0.5 size fraction especially in summer. The bioaccessible fraction of NMAHs was determined by leaching PM3 samples in two simulated lung fluids, Gamble’s solution and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). More than half of NMAH mass is found bioaccessible, almost complete for nitrosalicylic acids. The bioaccessible fraction was generally higher when using ALF (mimics the chemical environment created by macrophage activity, pH 4.5) than Gamble’s solution (pH 7.4). Bioaccessibility may be negligible for lipophilic substances (i.e. log KOW > 4.5).
A neuro-inspired general framework for the evolution of stochastic dynamical systems: Cellular automata, random Boolean networks and echo state networks towards criticality
Authors: Pontes-Filho Sidney , Lind Pedro , Yazidi Anis , Zhang Jianhua , Hammer Hugo , Mello Gustavo B. M. , Sandvig Ioanna , Tufte Gunnar , Nichele Stefano
Published: June 2020

Although deep learning has recently increased in popularity, it suffers from various problems including high computational complexity, energy greedy computation, and lack of scalability, to mention a few. In this paper, we investigate an alternative brain-inspired method for data analysis that circumvents the deep learning drawbacks by taking the actual dynamical behavior of biological neural networks into account. For this purpose, we develop a general framework for dynamical systems that can evolve and model a variety of substrates that possess computational capacity. Therefore, dynamical systems can be exploited in the reservoir computing paradigm, i.e., an untrained recurrent nonlinear network with a trained linear readout layer. Moreover, our general framework, called EvoDynamic, is based on an optimized deep neural network library. Hence, generalization and performance can be balanced. The EvoDynamic framework contains three kinds of dynamical systems already implemented, namely cellular automata, random Boolean networks, and echo state networks. The evolution of such systems towards a dynamical behavior, called criticality, is investigated because systems with such behavior may be better suited to do useful computation. The implemented dynamical systems are stochastic and their evolution with genetic algorithm mutates their update rules or network initialization. The obtained results are promising and demonstrate that criticality is achieved. In addition to the presented results, our framework can also be utilized to evolve the dynamical systems connectivity, update and learning rules to improve the quality of the reservoir used for solving computational tasks and physical substrate modeling.
Machine learning based customer sentiment analysis for recommending shoppers, shops based on customers’ review
Authors: Yi Shanshan , Liu Xiaofang
Published: June 2020

Big data analytics plays a major role in various industries using computing applications such as E-commerce and real-time shopping. Big data are used for promoting products and provide better connectivity between retailers and shoppers. Nowadays, people always use online promotions to know about best shops for buying better products. This shopping experience and opinion about the shopper’s shop can be observed by the customer-experience shared across social media platforms. A new customer when searching a shop needs information about manufacturing date (MRD) and manufacturing price (MRP), offers, quality, and suggestions which can only be provided by the previous customer experience. The MRP and MRD are already available in the product cover or label. Several approaches have been used for predicting the product details but not providing accurate information. This paper is motivated towards applying Machine Learning algorithms for learning, analysing and classifying the product information and the shop information based on the customer experience. The product data with customer reviews is collected from benchmark Unified computing system (UCS) which is a server for data based computer product lined up for evaluating hardware, support to visualization, software management. From the results and comparison, it has been found that machine learning algorithms outperform than other approaches. The proposed HRS system has higher values of MAPE which is 96% and accuracy is nearly 98% when compared to other existing techniques. Mean absolute error of proposed HRS system is nearly 0.6 which states that the performance of the system is significantly effective.
Monitoring Pneumatic Actuators’ Behavior Using Real-World Data Set
Authors: Kovacs Tibor , Ko Andrea
Published: June 2020

Developing a big data signal processing method is to monitor the behavior of a common component: a pneumatic actuator. The method is aimed at supporting condition-based maintenance activities: monitoring signals over an extended period, and identifying, classifying different machine states that may indicate abnormal behavior. Furthermore, preparing a balanced data set for training supervised machine learning models that represent the component’s all identified conditions. Peak detection, garbage removal and down-sampling by interpolation were applied for signal preprocessing. Undersampling the over-represented signals, Ward’s hierarchical clustering with multivariate Euclidean distance calculation and Kohonen self-organizing map (KSOM) methods were used for identifying and grouping similar signal patterns. The study demonstrated that the behavior of equipment displaying complex signals could be monitored with the method described. Both hierarchical clustering and KSOM are suitable methods for identifying and clustering signals of different machine states that may be overlooked if screened by humans. Using the proposed methods, signals could be screened thoroughly and over a long period of time that is critical when failures or abnormal behavior is rare. Visual display of the identified clusters over time could help analyzing the deterioration of machine conditions. The clustered signals could be used to create a balanced set of training data for developing supervised machine learning models to automatically identify previously recognized machine conditions that indicate abnormal behavior.
Performance and Security Evaluation of S-Box Using Current-Pass Optimized Symmetric Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic
Authors: Koyasu Hiroki , Takahashi Yasuhiro
Published: June 2020

Secure adiabatic logics are identified as the optimal solution for cryptographic modules. We previously proposed an adiabatic logic called Current-Pass Optimized Symmetric Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic (CPO-SPGAL). The proposed CPO-SPGAL realizes a flat current waveform by considering the current path compared with conventional adiabatic logics. In this paper, to confirm more details about countermeasure against power analysis attacks, we compare S-box circuits based on the conventional and proposed adiabatic logics which are implemented using 0.18 $$\upmu $$
μ
m standard CMOS. From the SPICE simulation for correlation power analysis (CPA), 409,600 power consumption traces are obtained, and the hamming distance/weight are calculated. The simulation results show that the proposed S-box is more resistant to CPA attacks than the existing adiabatic S-boxes.
Using a global competence model in an instructional design course before social studies methods: A developmental approach to global teacher education
Authors: Crawford Elizabeth O. , Higgins Heidi J. , Hilburn Jeremy
Published: June 2020

This case study describes the design, learning experiences, and student outcomes in one Instructional Design course with an explicit focus on globally competent teaching. We make the argument that forefronting global competence in an Instructional Design course, prior to social studies methods, is a necessary precursor to accelerate students’ progress on a pathway towards teaching for global competence. In support of this argument, we (a) describe the ways in which an Instructional Design course in one university forefronted global competence; (b) explain the short- and long-term outcomes of this design; and (c) highlight four students to illustrate how the Instructional Design course helped to move students along a pathway towards global competence. We nest our approach within a globally competent teaching framework.
U.S. Consumer Demand for Traditional and Greek Yogurt Attributes, Including Livestock Management Attributes
Authors: Bir Courtney , Delgado Michael S. , Widmar Nicole Olynk
Published: June 2020

Consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for yogurt attributes was evaluated using a survey targeted to be nationally representative within the United States. A novel approach was used to allow for self-selection into the choice experiment for commonly purchased types of yogurt, either Greek or traditional, based on what consumers purchase. They were willing to pay a positive amount for requiring pasture access and not permitting dehorning/disbudding (which references the removal of horns or horn buds) for both traditional and Greek yogurt. Respondents had positive WTP for Greek yogurt labeled free of high-fructose corn syrup and a higher WTP for low-fat yogurt when compared to nonfat for both yogurt types.
Antarctic subglacial drilling rig: Part IV. Electrical and electronic control system
Authors: Zhang Nan , Talalay Pavel , Liu Jingbiao , Fan Xiaopeng , Kong Qingpeng , Yu Haibin , Liu Yunchen , Liu Benkun , Gong Da , Li Xingchen , Wu Wei , Hong Jialin , Sysoev Mikhail
Published: June 2020

In many cases, the efficiency and safety of a drilling project depend on the reliability of the electrical and electronic control system, as the process progresses without visual access of the operator. The electrical and electronic system provides and regulates the power supply for the drill, collects and monitors the drill data during the whole operating process, and sends and receives the control instructions and feedback signals. The entire system is composed of the surface, borehole and software subsystems. The surface subsystem serves for operating the drilling process, transmitting the drilling and environmental data, and supplying power for the drill motor and downhole control system. The borehole subsystem is generally intended for borehole data acquisition, drill motor control, power regulation and communication. The software subsystem is designed for human–computer interaction, data processing and storage, and programming of signal acquisition and transmission of data. The control system of Antarctic subglacial drilling rig was tested during the 2018–2019 summer season near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica, in the course of drilling to the bedrock at a depth of 198 m. It exhibited a steady and efficient performance without significant system failures.
Effect of various decontamination procedures on disposable N95 mask integrity and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity
Authors: Smith Jeffrey S. , Hanseler Haley , Welle John , Rattray Rogan , Campbell Mary , Brotherton Tacy , Moudgil Tarsem , Pack Thomas F. , Wegmann Keith , Jensen Shawn , Jin Justin , Bifulco Carlo B. , Prahl Scott A. , Fox Bernard A. , Stucky Nicholas L.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a high demand on personal protective equipment, including disposable N95 masks. Given the need for mask reuse, we tested the feasibility of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), ultraviolet light (UV), and ethanol decontamination strategies on N95 mask integrity and the ability to remove the infectious potential of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:

Disposable N95 masks, including medical grade (1860, 1870+) and industrial grade (8511) masks, were treated by VHP, UV, and ethanol decontamination. Mask degradation was tested using a quantitative respirator fit testing. Pooled clinical samples of SARS-CoV-2 were applied to mask samples, treated, and then either sent immediately for real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or incubated with Vero E6 cells to assess for virucidal effect.

Results:

Both ethanol and UV decontamination showed functional degradation to different degrees while VHP treatment showed no significant change after two treatments. We also report a single SARS-CoV-2 virucidal experiment using Vero E6 cell infection in which only ethanol treatment eliminated detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions:

We hope our data will guide further research for evidenced-based decisions for disposable N95 mask reuse and help protect caregivers from SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
PATTERN BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING – APPLICATION OF SOLUTION PATTERNS IN THE DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Anacker H. , Dumitrescu R. , Kharatyan A. , Lipsmeier A.
Published: June 2020

For the development of intelligent technical systems, Systems Engineering and Solution Patterns are the guarantee for success. In order to avoid cost-intensive iterations, the documentation and reuse of solution knowledge is addressed during the systems design. Using an interdisciplinary specification technique, a uniform structuring of Solution Patterns as well as the composition in a multidimensional knowledge space takes place. This is the basis of an associated systematics for a solution pattern-based system design of mechatronic systems, which is validated by two cooperating DeltaRobots.
DATA ANALYSIS METHOD SUPPORTING CAUSE AND EFFECT STUDIES IN PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Wall J. , Aeddula O. K. , Larsson T.
Published: June 2020

A data analysis method aiming to support cause and effect analysis in design exploration studies is presented. The method clusters and aggregates effects of multiple design variables based on the structural hierarchy of the evaluated system. The resulting dataset is intended as input to a visualization construct based on colour-coding CAD models. The proposed method is exemplified in a case study showing that the predictive capability of the created, clustered, dataset is comparable to the original, unmodified, one.
A FRAMING OF DESIGN AS PATHWAYS BETWEEN PHYSICAL, VIRTUAL AND COGNITIVE MODELS
Authors: Jones D. E. , Snider C. , Hicks B.
Published: June 2020

During engineering design, designers employ three types of model: physical, virtual and cognitive. The role and contribution of each is documented in literature albeit fragmented in nature. Consequentially, a gap in understanding exists in terms of how these models and the transitions between them impact the designer and design process. This paper begins to address this through a characterisation of each model class and an appraisal of the transitional pathways including their alignment to seminal design frameworks.
DEFICITS IN THE APPLICATION OF ALUMINUM FOAM SANDWICH: AN INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hommel P. , Roth D. , Binz H.
Published: June 2020

Aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) is an innovative sandwich material for designing lighter products and has many advantages such as high stiffness and high mechanical-energy absorption capacity. Although AFS is ready for series production, the number of use cases is low. A survey was carried out in order to identify the obstacles in the application of aluminum foam sandwich. This paper presents the results of the survey, derives the demand for a support method for designing with aluminum foam sandwich and shows various support options to simplify the application of the material.
FOSTERING PROTOTYPING MINDSETS IN NOVICE DESIGNERS WITH THE PROTOTYPING PLANNER
Authors: Hansen C. A. , Jensen L. S. , Özkil A. G. , Martins Pacheco N. M.
Published: June 2020

Prototyping is an essential activity in product development, but novice designers lack awareness and purpose when they prototype. To foster prototyping mindsets in novice designers, we introduce a prototyping support tool that structures prototyping activities. This paper outlines the Prototyping Planner's development, evolution, and evaluation by 125 novice designers. The majority of novice designers’ experienced that the Prototyping Planner helped them create purposeful prototypes and evaluate results from prototyping.
DEVELOPING A TOOL TO SUPPORT DECISIONS IN SUSTAINABILITY-RELATED TRADE-OFF SITUATIONS: UNDERSTANDING NEEDS AND CRITERIA
Authors: Kravchenko M. , Pigosso D. C. A. , McAloone T. C.
Published: June 2020

Early integration of sustainability considerations into decision making is seen as a key enabler for companies to understand the potential implications of their decisions on the triple bottom line aspects. Lack of the tools to support decisions when trade-off between sustainability aspects occur, however, may lead to uninformed decision-making and undesired outcomes. By consolidating the learnings from empirical work together with literature recommendations, we propose key criteria to be considered when developing decision support tools to manage sustainability-related trade-off situations.
VISUALISING SYSTEMS: MAPPING SYSTEM FEATURES AND INTERACTIVE INFORMATION VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN
Authors: Idrissov A. , Škec S. , Maier A. M.
Published: June 2020

Interactive computer-supported information visualisations are being increasingly used in design. However, while there are frameworks that discuss how traditional representations, such as sketches, CAD models and static diagrams support design tasks, no such mapping exists for interactive visualisations of product-related information. As novel contributions, this paper reviews the design literature for the use of information visualisations. Moreover, using systems theory and Gestalt principles, insights on the applicability of such information visualisations for various design tasks are given.
RAPID CREATION OF VEHICLE LINE-UPS BY EIGENSPACE PROJECTIONS FOR STYLE TRANSFER
Authors: Friedrich T. , Schmitt S. , Menzel S.
Published: June 2020

In product development, an automated generation of shape variations enables a rapid assessment of potentially appealing design directions. We present a framework for computing a product line-up of automotive body shapes based on spectral methods for mesh processing. We calculate the eigenspace projections of 3D vehicle meshes and identify the relevant style as well as content components based on the eigenvalues. The style of a model is then transferred to arbitrary prototype content car shapes, which allows for a rapid portfolio generation of various car types with minimal user interaction.
DESIGN FOR TEACHER TRAINING – TO FACILITATE STUDENT TEAMS WORKING WITH REAL-LIFE SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
Authors: Nilsson S. C. , Norell Bergendahl M.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to contribute to the knowledge on how to develop students’ skills and capabilities required when addressing complex societal challenges in practice. In this paper we are investigating the design and implementation of a teacher training module focusing on improving teacher's ability to facilitate students’ teams learning and collaboration skills. The feedback and learning from the design and implementation of the module at universities in Botswana, Kenya and Sweden is presented and discussed in this paper.
EVALUATION OF TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION AND GENERATIVE DESIGN TOOLS AS SUPPORT FOR CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Authors: Vlah D. , Žavbi R. , Vukašinović N.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, a large number of different tools that support early phases of design are available to engineers. In the past decade a specialized set of CAD-based tools were developed, that support the ideation process by generating different design alternatives according to the criteria given by the designer. Two types of tools are discussed in this paper: topology optimization and generative design tools. To investigate to what extent these tools are suitable for use in early design phases and what are the main differences between them, a study was conducted on an industrial case.
RELIABLE IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF CRITICAL INNOVATION DESIGN TASKS FOR PROCESS INTENSIFICATION IN PROCESS ENGINEERING
Authors: Livotov P. , Mas'udah  , Chandra Sekaran A. P.
Published: June 2020

Sustainable design of equipment for process intensification requires a comprehensive and correct identification of relevant stakeholder requirements, design problems and tasks crucial for innovation success. Combining the principles of the Quality Function Deployment with the Importance-Satisfaction Analysis and Contradiction Analysis of requirements gives an opportunity to define a proper process innovation strategy more reliably and to develop an optimal process intensification technology with less secondary engineering and ecological problems.
PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC DASHBOARDS THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL
Authors: Vasnier J.-M. , Maranzana N. , Messaadia M. , Aoussat A.
Published: June 2020

In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, the competition between enterprises is fierce to operate efficiently and hold on to their customers. Due to lack of time and methodology, many leaders struggle to establish optimized strategies for their businesses. To do so, the key processes need to be measured using dashboards that proactively help decisions making, facilitate the strategy execution and keep the employees focused. The purpose of this article is to identify the design features of a risk analysis dashboard and their effects on the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A TEACHING CASE STUDY OF INEX-ADAM
Authors: Kabir I. R. , Loh G. H. , Pei E.
Published: June 2020

The multidisciplinary nature and lack of comprehensive ‘materials-product-manufacturing’ knowledge of Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM) require training to support the future Additive Manufacturing experts. INEX-ADAM, an EU funded project is building a transnational platform to promote FGAM. Brunel University London conducted two-day workshop on FGAM at the University of Zagreb in Croatia with academics and industry professionals. The workshop will strengthen the research capabilities to harness the potential of the FGAM and mitigate the constraints to industrial applications.
MANAGEMENT OF DESIGN ITERATIONS ON COUPLED PARAMETERS IN DESIGN TEAMWORK USING MULTIPLE DOMAIN MATRIX AND COLOURED PETRI NETS
Authors: Juranić J. , Pavković N. , Jurinić D.
Published: June 2020

A new way of structuring and interpretation of multiple domain matrix is proposed as the basis for categorisation of design parameter relations complexity. Depending on the kind and the degree of coupling of the parameters, the developed methodology activates the appropriate coloured Petri net (CPN) models for semi-automatic support of communication between the members of the design team. The proposed extension of MDM combined with CPN is a novel approach to predicting and managing communication patterns necessary during teamwork coordination on critical interfaces between product components.
SUPPORTING ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN ANALYSING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF A PRODUCT: LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Lagun Mesquita P. , Missimer M.
Published: June 2020

Though many engineering schools are integrating sustainability in the curriculum, most are still struggling, especially with social sustainability. The aim with this study was to test a process created to help students work systematically with these issues. Results show that students in the study did indeed benefit from structured process support as their general knowledge level of social sustainability issues as well as their understanding of how to integrate them in a product assessment was very low. Reflections from teaching staff on how to further develop such a process are also shared.
USE OF DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO OPTIMISE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS: A CASE STUDY OF SHOWERS AND TAPWARE IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Horrell M. , Shekar A. , McLaren S.
Published: June 2020

Eco-tools and techniques often lack guidance and a robust methodology for improving the environmental performance of products with an active use phase. A case study was undertaken to investigate the role of Design of Experiments (DoE) in providing insights to improve the environmental performance of two product categories with active use phases: showers and tapware. The results show how varying the components can reduce energy use and demonstrated how DoE can be used as an objective method for optimising a products environmental performance when user behaviour can influence the results.
ARE ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED IN PRODUCTS? A STUDY ON THE AGREEMENT LEVEL OF INDEPENDENT OBSERVERS
Authors: Maccioni L. , Borgianni Y. , Pigosso D. C. A. , McAloone T. C.
Published: June 2020

Eco-Design Strategies lead to both enhanced environmental sustainability and product differentiation, which, however, takes place only if observers recognize and value these advantages. To study this aspect, a sample of 40 product pictures has been administered to 12 subjects with experience in eco-design. They were asked to evaluate whether one or more Eco-Design Strategies (in Vezzoli and Manzini's version) were implemented in each depicted product. The outcome of the evaluation was an overall fair agreement. Useful information for eco-design is inferred from nuances of the results.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING FLEET SIZE IN THE LIFECYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Schneider J. A. , Gatzen M. M. , Lachmayer R.
Published: June 2020

The use of product-service systems business models is increasing in today's economy. Because the products that provide the service to the customers incur cost during their lifetime, the method of lifecycle costing finds wide-spread use. However, this paper shows the current methods have some inaccuracies when determining lifecycle costs. The methods do not consider the required number of products necessary to provide the offered service to the customers. This paper describes a new framework for lifecycle costing that includes these cost components.
MODEL-BASED PRODUCT CONFIGURATION OF HIGH VARIETY PRODUCT PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Wyrwich C. , Jacobs G. , Siebrecht J. , Konrad C.
Published: June 2020

Facing a rising competitive pressure, manufactures create advantages when they are able to offer customer-specific products to the conditions of a mass production article. Traditional configurators support the creation of personalized products from the elements of a modular product system, but are based on a pre-defined set of rules. The model based approach changes the environment of configuration from static configuration rules to the dependencies defined within the product's system model. So, by regarding target quantities of the user, the configurator identifies the optimal variant.
THREE WAYS OF INTEGRATING COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED ENGINEERING
Authors: Gembarski P. C.
Published: June 2020

Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) systems allow an easy adaption of designed artefacts to new functional or design requirements and automating routine design tasks. In the following article the author wants to focus on the three main concepts of linking CAD and KBE and answer the research questions (1) in which way is integration, embedding and coupling of KBE to a standard CAD system like Autodesk Inventor available and (2) how can the single approaches be compared in terms of modelling effort, user competences and system performance.
PACKAGING RADAR: A PRELIMINARY REFERENCE FOR PACKAGING DESIGN IN A SYSTEMIC AND COMPLEX CONTEXT
Authors: Sastre R. M. , de Paula I. C. , Zeni C. F. , Echeveste M. E. S.
Published: June 2020

This study aims to generate a referential basis on which the designer can reflect about and explore scenarios during the structural and graphic packaging projects. “Packing Radar (RE)” has been compiled over years of research as it is spread across different sources and areas of expertise. This qualitative research uses content analysis and expert's opinions. The (RE) proposition shows its potential for improvement and diagnosis of sustainable packaging projects, of teaching activities and packaging professionals graduation.
ROBUST DESIGN FOR IOT – ON THE RELEVANCE OF MECHANICAL DESIGN FOR ROBUST SENSOR INTEGRATION IN CONNECTED DEVICESH.
Authors: Juul-Nyholm H. B. , Eifler T. , Ebro M.
Published: June 2020

The terms IoT and Industry 4.0 are promising increasingly sophisticated solutions, but the realisation will depend on the inclusion of robust and reliable sensors. If the gathered data is flawed or inaccurate the performance of the whole system will be compromised. By reviewing research on robustness indicators, mechatronics and sensor properties as well as listing mechanical noise factors and providing an electromechanical trade-off example, the paper highlights the importance of considering both mechanical and electrical noise factors and robustness in early development of connected devices.
ARCHITECTING COMPLEX ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
Authors: Sellgren U. , Williamsson D.
Published: June 2020

Novel products are commonly realized by integrating heterogeneous technologies. Product architecting focus on defining the scheme by which the product functions are allocated to physical components. A DSM-based clustering method that integrates technical complexity and strategic concerns has previously been proposed. It has been shown that interaction weights in the DSM may affect the clustering result. A complexity-based interaction strength model to be used in DSM clustering is proposed here. The case study gives promising results from both interaction performance and safety points of view.
COMPUTATIONAL CONCEPTUAL DISTANCES IN COMBINATIONAL CREATIVITY
Authors: Han J. , Hua M. , Park D. , Wang P. , Childs P. R. N.
Published: June 2020

Combinational creativity can play a significant role in supporting designers to produce creative ideas during the early stages of new product development. This paper explores conceptual distances in combinational creativity from computational perspectives. A study conducted indicates that different computational measurements show different conceptual distance results. However, the study suggests far-related ideas could lead to outcomes that are more creative than closely-related ones. This paper provides useful insights into exploring future computational design support tools.
METHOD FOR 3D-ENVIRONMENT DRIVEN DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION AND SYSTEM MODEL GENERATION
Authors: Japs S. , Kaiser L. , Kharatyan A.
Published: June 2020

The development of cyber-physical systems requires close cooperation between stakeholders from different disciplines. Model-based systems engineering support this by the design of a system model. Non-identified domain knowledge by the stakeholders is a challenge when creating the system model. The CONSENS 3D-Modeling Method supports the domain-independent elicitation of domain knowledge using a 3D environment and enables the derivation of a SysML system model. We applyed the method by implementing a prototype, called 3D Engineer, to an application example from the automotive industry.
A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH FOR CREATIVE CONCEPT GENERATION AND EVALUATION
Authors: Han J. , Forbes H. , Shi F. , Hao J. , Schaefer D.
Published: June 2020

Conceptual design, as an early phase of the design process, is known to have the highest impact on determining the innovation level of design results. Although many tools exist to support designers in conceptual design, additional knowledge, especially knowledge related to emerging technologies, is still often needed. In this paper the authors aim to propose a data-driven creative concept generation and evaluation approach to support designers in incorporating emerging technologies in the new product early development stage. The approach is demonstrated by means of an illustrated example.
DESIGNING FOR SCIENCE CENTER EXHIBITIONS – A CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE INTERACTION
Authors: Wideström J.
Published: June 2020

While designing and discussing exhibitions in science centers, common conceptual framework is needed. This paper provides a framework based on participation, virtuality, and collaboration, and two models - a Rubik's cube model and a Scatter plot space. They are suitable tools for analysis and overview of existing and planned exhibitions, as well as for conceptual analysis during the design process. The classification and the models for the interaction have been developed in a research by design process, where 45 prototypes have been designed, exhibited and tested.
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE ROBOTS
Authors: Kohl J. L. , van der Schoor M. J. , Syré A. M. , Göhlich D.
Published: June 2020

We introduce the concept of social sustainability, intertwined with ecological and economic aspects, to the field of service robots and comparable automation technology. It takes a first step towards a comprehensive guideline that operationalizes and applies social sustainability. By applying this guideline to the project MURMEL we offer a concept that collects and rates social key issues to visualize their individual importance. Social sustainability is an important and often overlooked aspect of sustainable technology development which should be considered in the early development phase.
EXAMINING THE TENSION CHORDING PRINCIPLE FOR A BEAM UNDER TORSION LOAD
Authors: Uttich E. S. , Bartz M. , Bender B.
Published: June 2020

Tension chording is a lightweight design principle in the human motion system. More muscles than necessary are available in this system to generate motion. By using these redundant muscles the principle contributes to the lightweight design of the motion segments. The lightweight design benefits of the principle for technical structures loaded with bending torques were shown in prior studies. This paper presents a pilot study on lightweight design benefits of using tension chording for torsion loaded structures.
AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY TOWARDS USING VR SKETCHING AS A TOOL FOR IDEATION AND PROTOTYPING IN PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Joundi J. , Christiaens Y. , Saldien J. , Conradie P. , De Marez L.
Published: June 2020

The advancements in the field of VR allow designers to use VR as a technology for sketching ideas in a virtual space. In this paper, Gravity Sketch (a VR sketching software) is used as an ideation sketching tool in the process of product styling. The goal of this research is to examine the advantages and points-of-pain when using virtual reality tools in the process of product styling. 29 Master students used the VR sketching tool in their design process and all of them had feedback and insights on the tool.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENTIAL MODEL TO SUPPORT THE ASSESSMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Schneider D. , Huth T. , Vietor T. , Schumacher P. , Weckenborg C. , Spengler T.
Published: June 2020

As digitalisation progresses, the demands placed on companies are increasing at all stages of the product generation process. In order to address these requirements and maintain economic strength, companies must implement innovative and intelligent technologies. Small and medium-sized enterprises in particular are confronted with various obstacles, the overcoming of which is addressed by the “Potential Model” presented in this publication.
INITIAL INTEGRAL PRODUCT AND ASSEMBLY STRUCTURING: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Küchenhof J. , Krause D.
Published: June 2020

Modular product structuring has been proven an effective way to satisfy a high sales variety with low internal product and process complexity but is usually carried out on existing structures. To support the modular new product development, this contribution shows the initial structuring of integrated product and assembly structures based on a variance-oriented product structure. With help of a perspective-based modularization approach, consolidating the product life phases of procurement, assembly and sales, modular product and process structures are developed within an industry case study.
A MODEL OF THE INNOVATIVE PURPOSE FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION: TOWARDS DESIGN-BASED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Lévêque J. , Levillain K. , Segrestin B.
Published: June 2020

Evolutions in corporate law recently introduced an optional commitment mechanism in the corporate contract: a purpose. Its writing is a pivotal but is yet puzzling from a design perspective. Especially it raises questions about how that could help shaping a responsible governance model for innovation. Our paper builds on an extended-decision framework to propose a formal model of how a stated-purpose shapes the decision situation. Our results highlight several purpose formulation strategies and finally a typology regarding how robustness to changes is embedded in the process is proposed.
USING A CROSS-DOMAIN PRODUCT MODEL TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Wilms R. , Kronsbein P. , Inkermann D. , Huth T. , Reik M. , Vietor T.
Published: June 2020

Engineering changes (ECs) and engineering change management (ECM) are crucial for successful product design processes (PDP). Due to the increasing complexity of today's products (like vehicles) and the interaction of different engineering domains (mechanics, electric/electronics, software) involved in the PDP, cross-domain EC impact assessments as well as processes are required. To better support engineers in assessing change propagation across domains and products, existing approaches for ECM product models are analyzed in this paper and an enhanced product model is derived using MBSE.
CLOSING THE HUMAN-MACHINE DISCONNECT: DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR TWO EXTREME COMPANIONS FOR FUTURE AUTONOMOUS MOBILITY
Authors: Kong P. , Cornet H. , Frenkler F.
Published: June 2020

In an era of increased automation in commuters’ everyday life, addressing the disconnect caused by taking the human out of the loop is critical. This paper describes the development of two extreme Companions for a public autonomous bus interface in Singapore. Attributes were identified in a benchmarking study and tested in a survey to investigate local users’ key preferences for must-have and ideal-to-have traits and Companion qualities. Finally, two contrasting Companion concepts are proposed and design strategies considering user expectations of Companions versus humans are discussed.
Addressing sustainable development goals for confronting climate change: Insights and summary solutions in the stress stupidity system
Authors: Sheppard Jerry Paul , Young Jesse
Published: June 2020

We employ the concept of stupidity to address why more has not been done to address climate change and sustainable development. While the ‘new’ science of stupid has long existed in organizational studies, academicians have been too polite to call it that and organizational researchers historically labeled it the ‘threat-rigidity effect.’ With Alvesson and Spicer’s ‘stupidity-based theory of organizations’ management researchers overcame this reluctance. In this work we explore what we will call the ‘stress-stupidity system.’ Building on the threat-rigidity effect, we outline the elements of the stress-stupidity system and look at how we may be able to ‘fix stupid’ to address issues of sustainability.
Ice-marginal lake hydrology and the seasonal dynamical evolution of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Armstrong William H. , Anderson Robert S.
Published: June 2020

Glacier basal motion is responsible for the majority of ice flux on fast-flowing glaciers, enables rapid changes in glacier motion and provides the means by which glaciers shape alpine landscapes. In an effort to enhance our understanding of basal motion, we investigate the evolution of glacier velocity and ice-marginal lake stage on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, during the spring–summer transition, a time when subglacial drainage is undergoing rapid change. A complicated record of > 50 m fill-and-drain sequences on a hydraulically-connected ice-marginal lake likely reflects the punctuated establishment of efficient subglacial drainage as the melt season begins. The rate of change of lake stage generally correlates with diurnal velocity maxima, both in timing and magnitude. At the seasonal scale, the up-glacier progression of enhanced summer basal motion promotes uniformity of daily glacier velocity fluctuations throughout the 10 km study reach, and results in diurnal velocity patterns suggesting increasingly efficient meltwater delivery to and drainage from the subglacial channel system. Our findings suggest the potential of using an ice-marginal lake as a proxy for subglacial water pressure, and show how widespread basal motion affects bulk glacier behavior.
Unilateral permission and prescriptive acquisition: a Scottish perspective
Authors: Anderson Craig
Published: June 2020

It is common for a legal system to allow a person, in certain circumstances, to gain ownership of land by possessing it for a period of time. This is certainly true of both Scotland and England, although what is precisely required for possession to be established may differ on particular points between the two. One point on which the two may differ is the effect of a unilateral permission to occupy that is given to someone currently occupying the land without any right to be there. This point has most recently been considered from the point of view of English law in Smith v Molyneaux [2016] UKPC 35, [2017] 1 P & CR 7. In this paper, that case and the issues it raises are considered from the point of view of Scots law. It is found that this point raises more general questions about the nature of the mental element of possession, the state of mind with which one must occupy the property in order to be considered a possessor.
Calibration database for the Murchison Widefield Array All-Sky Virtual Observatory
Authors: Sokolowski Marcin , Jordan Christopher H. , Sleap Gregory , Williams Andrew , Wayth Randall Bruce , Walker Mia , Pallot David , Offringa Andre , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Franzen Thomas M. O. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Kaplan David L. , Kenney David , Tingay Steven J.
Published: June 2020

We present a calibration component for the Murchison Widefield Array All-Sky Virtual Observatory (MWA ASVO) utilising a newly developedPostgreSQLdatabase of calibration solutions. Since its inauguration in 2013, the MWA has recorded over 34 petabytes of data archived at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre. According to the MWA Data Access policy, data become publicly available 18 months after collection. Therefore, most of the archival data are now available to the public. Access to public data was provided in 2017 via the MWA ASVO interface, which allowed researchers worldwide to download MWA uncalibrated data in standard radio astronomy data formats (CASA measurement sets or UV FITS files). The addition of the MWA ASVO calibration feature opens a new, powerful avenue for researchers without a detailed knowledge of the MWA telescope and data processing to download calibrated visibility data and create images using standard radio astronomy software packages. In order to populate the database with calibration solutions from the last 6 yr we developed fully automated pipelines. A near-real-time pipeline has been used to process new calibration observations as soon as they are collected and upload calibration solutions to the database, which enables monitoring of the interferometric performance of the telescope. Based on this database, we present an analysis of the stability of the MWA calibration solutions over long time intervals.