bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey on the model-centered approaches to conceptual modeling of IoT systems
Authors: Kohan Sofia , Johnstone Liam , Cetinkaya Deniz
Published: August 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connected objects, entities, devices, and components which share and transfer data over a network. Many papers are published on the topic of conceptual models in the IoT context, but it is difficult to assess the current status of the conceptual modeling approaches and methods for IoT systems. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art as well as discusses fundamental concepts, challenges and current research gaps with potential future agenda for conceptual modeling of IoT. Search facilities in the selected online repositories were used to identify the most relevant papers. The primary results were scanned and papers were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Selected papers were assessed to extract data for the defined attributes. This paper confirms that there is a large body of research related to modeling of IoT systems. However, the results show that there is a lack of commonly agreed approaches and supporting formal methods for conceptual modeling of IoT systems. On the other hand, recent studies that apply model-based or model-driven development principles that use ontology or metamodel based approaches are promising due to systematic use of models as the primary means of a development process enabling for the dissemination of the methods further to the emerging fields such as smart cities, factories, transportation, hospitals, healthcare, hospitality and tourism, etc.
Recovery of the grizzly bear at the intersection of law and science
Authors: Greenwald Noah
Published: August 2023

Over the last 30 years, there have been numerous legal battles over recovery of the grizzly bear. These battles have brought to fore a question central to implementation of the Act, namely is the goal of recovery to merely remediate extinction risk or to affect broader ecosystem recovery. I systematically reviewed court decisions related to the grizzly bear’s recovery plan, efforts to remove protections for grizzly bears, and challenges to logging, mining and other projects with impacts to grizzly bears. A legal challenge to the grizzly bear’s 1993 recovery plan forced the Service to develop habitat-based recovery criteria for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Legal efforts to reopen the recovery plan and expand recovery into additional areas of historic range, however, were unsuccessful, leaving the scope of recovery largely at the discretion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Lawsuits brought by multiple conservation groups, tribes and individuals have constrained this discretion, twice stopping the agency from stripping Greater Yellowstone grizzly bears of federal protections. This has allowed the population to grow and forced consideration of the impact of removing protections for Greater Yellowstone bears on overall recovery as a requirement of any future effort to remove protections. Court decisions were issued on 65 challenges to projects impacting grizzly bear habitat, including 44 involving logging and related road construction, seven mining, four livestock grazing, two recreation, five oil and gas leasing and three road projects, leading to 11 of these projects being stopped and nine modified. Lawsuits were also filed to stop hunting in four instances, trapping in one, predator control in one and railroad mortality in two, as well as activities that disturb bears, including helicopters in two instances and snow mobile use in another, resulting in four being stopped and another 3 modified. Protection of the grizzly bear under the Endangered Species Act, along with subsequent litigation, has led to substantial changes in management of public lands in the four recovery zones with grizzly bear populations, but not elsewhere in the species’ range. Overall, the legal system is an important, but often overlooked, part of recovery of endangered species.
Multifocal ectopic purkinje-related premature contractions and related cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calloe Kirstine , Magnusson Helena B. D. , Lildballe Dorte Launholt , Christiansen Morten Krogh , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf
Published: August 2023

In the past 20 years, genetic variants in SCN5A encoding the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 have been linked to a range of inherited cardiac arrhythmias: variants resulting in loss-of-function of Nav1.5 have been linked to sick sinus syndrome, atrial stand still, atrial fibrillation (AF) impaired pulse generation, progressive and non-progressive conduction defects, the Brugada Syndrome (BrS), and sudden cardiac death. SCN5A variants causing increased sodium current during the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is associated with Long QT Syndrome type 3 (LQTS3), Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia and SCD. Recently, gain-of-function variants have been linked to complex electrical phenotypes, such as the Multifocal Ectopic Purkinje-related Premature Contractions (MEPPC) syndrome. MEPPC is a rare condition characterized by a high burden of premature atrial contractions (PACs) and/or premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) often accompanied by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). MEPPC is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with an almost complete penetrance. The onset is often in childhood. The link between SCN5A variants, MEPPC and DCM is currently not well understood, but amino acid substitutions resulting in gain-of-function of Nav1.5 or introduction of gating pore currents potentially play an important role. DCM patients with a MEPPC phenotype respond relatively poorly to standard heart failure medical therapy and catheter ablation as the PVCs originate from all parts of the fascicular Purkinje fiber network. Class 1c sodium channel inhibitors, notably flecainide, have a remarkable positive effect on the ectopic burden and the associated cardiomyopathy. This highlights the importance of genetic screening of DCM patients to identify patients with SCN5A variants associated with MEPPC. Here we review the MEPPC phenotype, MEPPC-SCN5A associated variants, and pathogenesis as well as treatment options.
1821–2021: Contributions of physicians and researchers of Greek descent in the advancement of clinical and experimental cardiology and cardiac surgery
Authors: Gerontas Apostolos , Avgerinos Dimitrios , Charitakis Konstantinos , Maragou Helena , Drosatos Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

While the role of Greeks in the development of early western medicine is well-known and appreciated, the contributions of modern Greek medical practitioners are less known and often overlooked. On the occasion of the 200-year anniversary of the Greek War of Independence, this review article sheds light onto the achievements of modern scientists of Greek descent in the development of cardiology, cardiac surgery, and cardiovascular research, through a short history of the development of these fields and of the related institutions in Greece. In the last decades, the Greek cardiology and Cardiac Surgery communities have been active inside and outside Greece and have a remarkable presence internationally, particularly in the United States. This article highlights the ways in which Greek cardiology and cardiovascular research has been enriched by absorbing knowledge produced in international medical centers, academic institutes and pharmaceutical industries in which generations of Greek doctors and researchers trained prior to their return to the homeland; it also highlights the achievements of medical practitioners and researchers of Greek descent who excelled abroad, producing ground-breaking work that has left a permanent imprint on global medicine.
Reasons for ceiling ratings in real-life evaluations of hearing aids: the relationship between SNR and hearing aid ratings
Authors: Schinkel-Bielefeld Nadja , Ritslev Jana , Lelic Dina
Published: August 2023

Introduction

In past Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies, hearing aid outcome ratings have often been close to ceiling.

Methods

To analyze the underlying reasons for the very positive ratings, we conducted a study with 17 experienced hearing aid wearers who were fitted with study hearing aids. The acceptable noise level and the noise level where participants were unable to follow speech were measured. The participants then rated hearing aid satisfaction, speech understanding and listening effort for pre-defined SNRs between −10 and +20 dB SPL in the laboratory. These ratings were compared to ratings of a two-week EMA trial. Additionally, estimates of SNRs were collected from hearing aids during the EMA trial and we assessed whether the participants experienced those SNRs rated poorly in the laboratory in real life.

Results

The results showed that for hearing aid satisfaction and speech understanding, the full rating scale was used in the laboratory, while the ratings in real life were strongly skewed towards the positive end of the scale. In the laboratory, SNRs where participants indicated they could not follow the narrator (“unable to follow” noise level) were rated clearly better than the lowest possible ratings. This indicates that very negative ratings may not be applicable in real-life testing. The lower part of the distribution of real-life SNR estimates was related to participants’ individual “unable to follow” noise levels and the SNRs which were rated poorly in the laboratory made up less than 10% of the speech situations experienced in real life.

Discussion

This indicates that people do not seem to frequently experience listening situations at SNRs where they are dissatisfied with their hearing aids and this could be the reason for the overly positive hearing aid outcome ratings in EMA studies. It remains unclear to what extent the scarcity of such situations is due lack of encounters or intentional avoidance.
Will an app-based reading intervention change how teachers rate their teaching self-efficacy beliefs? A test of social cognitive theory in Swedish special educational settings
Authors: Reichenberg Monica , Thunberg Gunilla , Holmer Emil , Palmqvist Lisa , Samuelsson Jenny , Lundälv Mats , Mühlenbock Katarina , Heimann Mikael
Published: August 2023

Educational researchers have challenged Bandura’s prediction that self-efficacy beliefs tend to be established early in learning and that once set, self-efficacy beliefs persist unless a critical event causes them to be reevaluated. However, the results have been mixed in previous research, including being positive, negative, and unchanged. In response, we evaluated how 75 teachers (i.e., special educators) rate their teaching self-efficacy beliefs in motivating student reading and adapting reading instruction at two time points. All teachers taught students with an intellectual disability, communication difficulties, and poor reading skills. The teachers participated in a workshop to learn teaching reading strategies with apps under various conditions (comprehension strategies, phonemic strategies, or both comprehension and phonemic strategies). We analyzed teacher self-efficacy beliefs at two time points with a 12-week span (pre-and postintervention). First, we developed measures of teacher self-efficacy through confirmatory factor analyses. Next, we analyzed the data with multiple imputation and mixed linear regression with difference-in-differences (DiD). The results indicated no statistically significant treatment effect on teachers’ rating of their teaching self-efficacy beliefs. We conclude that our results agree with Bandura’s original prediction and thus, his social cognitive theory.
Endometrial microbiota profile in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients by culturomics-based analysis
Authors: Cariati Federica , Carotenuto Consolata , Bagnulo Francesca , Pacella Daniela , Marrone Vincenzo , Paolillo Rossella , Catania Maria Rosaria , Di Girolamo Raffaella , Conforti Alessandro , Strina Ida , Alviggi Carlo
Published: August 2023

Introduction

It is well recognized that the human uterus and adjoining tissues of the female reproductive tract exist in a non-sterile state where dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes. The endometrial microbiota is a part of this greater milieu. To date, it has largely been studied using 16S rRNA or metagenomics-based methodologies. Despite the known advantages of sequencing analysis, several difficulties have been noted including sample contamination and standardization of DNA extraction or sequencing. The aim of this study was to use a culturomics-based method to analyze the endometrial microbiota and correlate the results with ongoing pregnancy rates.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed at the University of Naples from October 2022 and February 2023. Ninety-three patients undergoing an IVF cycle with single embryo transfer (ET) (fresh or frozen) were enrolled in the study. Following ET, the catheter tip was inserted into brain heart infusion (BHI) medium under sterile conditions for culture. After 24h and 48h of incubation the microorganisms in the colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results

Overall, 68 (73,92%) patients resulted positive for one or more microbes and 25 patients (26,08%) had no microbial growth. Across all participants, the four most important phyla were Firmicutes (87,76%), Proteobacteria (27,94%), Actinobacteria (10,29%) and Ascomycota (8,82%). Lactobacillus species, in particular, was significantly correlated with ongoing pregnancy rate (p=0,05). On the other hand, Staphylococcus subspecies (spp.) (p<0,05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p<0,001) were found to have a negative impact on the implantation rate.

Discussion

Detection of bacteria by culturomics from catheter tips used for embryo transfer has been shown to be a reliable method to detect pathogen growth. Endometrial microbiota testing in clinical practice could certainly offer a means to further improve diagnosis and treatment strategies in IVF patients.
Long-term prognostic analysis of children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma based on therapeutic response to initial radioiodine therapy
Authors: Wang Congcong , Lu Gaixia , Li Yutian , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Guoqiang , Lu Chenghui , Li Jiao , Luo Qiong , Zhang Qian , Sun Ming , Wang Xufu , Wang Renfei
Published: August 2023

Background

The clinical features and prognosis of children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (caDTC) are different from that of adults. Postoperative radioiodine therapy (RIT) was recommended for some intermediate and high risk caDTC patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis of pediatric caDTC patients with different responses to initial RIT and to explore the related influencing factors.

Methods

All subjects were assigned to no clinical evidence of disease (NED) group, biochemical persistent disease (BPD) group, or structural/functional persistent disease (S/FPD) group based on the therapeutic response to initial RIT. Then, disease status was evaluated in all three groups at the last follow-up using ATA guidelines. Meanwhile, disease-free survival (DFS) for NED group and the progression-free survival (PFS) for the BPD and S/FPD groups were also assessed.

Results

117 subjects were divided into NED group (n=29), BPD group (n=48) and S/FPD group (n=34) after initial RIT. At the last follow-up, excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), biochemically incomplete response (BIR) and structurally incomplete response (SIR) rates were 93.10%, 6.90%, 0% and 0% in NED group; 29.17%, 25.00%, 43.75% and 2.08% in BPD group; and 11.77%, 2.94%, 0%, and 85.29% in S/FPD group. The 5-year DFS rate in NED group was 95.5%. The 5-year PFS rates in BPD and S/FPD groups were 79.2% and 48.6%, respectively. For children with structural or functional lesions, longer PFS were found in male children with 131I-avid lesions, and post-operative stimulated serum thyroglobulin (sti-Tg) < 149.80 ng/ml.

Conclusion

The response to initial RIT could be helpful for defining subsequent treatment and follow-up strategies for caDTC patients. Post-operative sti-Tg and 131I-avidity of lesions are correlated with PFS.
Understanding the relationship between technological innovation and environmental sustainability under the silver lining of education
Authors: Iqbal Kashif , Wang Yichu , Danish  , Li Nan , Khan Salahuddin , Mahmood Nasir , Shuo Wang
Published: August 2023

Information and communication technology has gradually become one of the most important pillars of the economy. In addition to economic growth, environmental pollution is a product of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as well. However, whether and how ICTs may affect these systems is unclear. Based on a more comprehensive measurement of ICTs, the current study has investigated the impact of ICTs, education, and economic performance on environmental sustainability from 2000 to 2019 across 93 countries categorized as low-income, middle-income, and high-income. Contrary to preceding studies, this research has used advanced econometric techniques to counter heterogeneities and dependencies in the data and, thus, has produced more trustworthy and efficient results. The finding obtained from the Bias-corrected method of the moment’s estimator and Driscoll and Kraal’s standard error techniques are consistent. According to the results, ICTs have a heterogenous effect on environmental sustainability across low-, middle- and high-income countries. Further results have revealed that education plays a significant role in maintaining environmental sustainability across middle—and high-income groups but does not seem to do so for lower—income groups. Environmental education for all should be part of the policy measures to tackle climate change across all income groups.
Performance assessment for the integrated green-gray-blue infrastructure under extreme rainfall scenarios
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Jia , Liu Jiahong , Lv Yongpeng , Chen Jian , Yang Zixin , Zhang Nan
Published: August 2023

Synergistic allocation of urban stormwater infrastructure is critical to flood risk prevention and control under extreme rainfall events. This study focuses on the interaction regularity of green, gray, and blue infrastructure in the process of runoff retention and discharge under extreme rainfall scenarios. Three strategies, namely, gray infrastructure, green-gray infrastructure, and green-gray-blue infrastructure, are proposed to analyze the effectiveness of different scenarios on flood risk control capabilities of urban drainage systems and to determine the key influencing factors of the three strategies. The results show that green-gray-blue infrastructure demonstrates synergy in improving the efficiency of urban drainage systems. Under gravity drainage conditions, the backwater jacking caused by high river water levels has a certain impact on the smooth discharge of stormwater runoff in urban drainage systems. This case study identified a sensitive range in the influence of water level on runoff control and drainage function and an adaptive range in which the flood increases slightly with the water level increase. These present notable rules in improving the synergistic effect of blue infrastructure in the integrated urban green-gray-blue infrastructure system.
Gamma rays induced enhancement in the phytonutrient capacities of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kantoğlu K. Yaprak , İç Erhan , Özmen Dilan , Bulut F. Şebnem , Ergun Ece , Kantoğlu Ömer , Özçoban Mustafa
Published: August 2023

One of the most important problems for the field-grown Ayaş tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Ayas population), which is preferred for consumption in Central Anatolia because of its aromatic taste, is that the shelf life is short because of insufficient fruit firmness. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop high-quality lines and variety candidates through mutation breeding in the current Ayaş population. In this study, the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was found to be 150 Gy for seeds using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. The main mutant population was generated by applying EMD50. During the study, mutant lines selected by following the classical mutation breeding stages were evaluated in terms of yield and quality traits (antioxidant content, total soluble solid amount, fruit firmness, Brix, etc.) starting from the M4 stage. One of our aims was to determine and improve the phytonutrient content of field-grown tomatoes. The fruits of selected lines at the M4 stage were extracted by liquid-liquid partition and accelerated solvent extraction techniques and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in this study. It was found that 28 of the 29 mutant lines were significantly different from the control and mutant lines. Mutant lines 9-22, 8-90, 8-135, and 8-127 were determined to be the most promising for commercialization.
Algorithms applied for monitoring pelagic Sargassum
Authors: Lazcano-Hernandez Hugo E. , Arellano-Verdejo Javier , Rodríguez-Martínez Rosa E.
Published: August 2023

Massive arrivals of pelagic Sargassum to the coasts of several countries in the Atlantic Ocean began in 2011. Monitoring the abundance and distribution of Sargassum in the ocean and along the coasts is necessary to understand the phenomena better and develop forecasting products and management protocols. Most Sargassum monitoring has been conducted in the open ocean through traditional remote sensing techniques. However, since the most significant ecologic and socioeconomic impacts occur on the coasts, it is necessary to monitor these macroalgae on nearshore waters and beaches. This manuscript reviews the remote sensing algorithms used in Sargassum observation reported in the last 17 years in more than sixty high-impact scientific publications. The discussion regarding the evolution of the methodologies used for monitoring these macroalgae allowed us to conclude that the synergy generated by incorporating new disciplines like artificial intelligence and citizen science has positively impacted the development of this field. Additionally, the current state-of-the-art methods, the fundamental challenges, and the directions for future research are also discussed.
Design of a new clean and comfortable temperature-sensitive polyethylene-based copolymer textile
Authors: Wu Zebin
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of science and technology, compared with traditional textiles, which provide basic functions such as shelter from the body and cold, intelligent textiles can create a more comfortable and safe environment for people, improve work efficiency and meet people’s demand for diversified functions. At present, polypropylene material has the characteristics of temperature sensitivity, washing resistance, friction resistance, good whiteness and softness, and is widely used in textile, clothing and other industries. In this paper, The temperature sensitivity of cross-linked cotton fabric was characterized by measuring and analyzing the equilibrium swelling ratio, wetting time and surface contact angle. The temperature at which polymer properties suddenly change is 35°C, and the initial wetting time of cross-linked cotton fabric is longer than that of original cotton fabric. When the temperature exceeds 150°C, it loses its temperature sensitivity, resulting in the cross-linked cotton fabric being insensitive to temperature. The most suitable polymer concentration is 1%–8%. According to the DSC curve of P(MEO2MA-co-EGMA360) in the range of 60°C–20°C, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined. There is an obvious endothermic peak on the DSC curve near −26°C, which indicates that the glass transition temperature of P(MEO2MA-co-EGMA360) is −26°C, and P (MEO2MA-EGMA360). It is in a viscous state at room temperature. The air permeability and moisture permeability of cross-linked cotton fabric can be adjusted by changing the temperature, and the wearing comfort of the fabric can be improved. The test results of fabric wearability show that after crosslinking reaction, the washing fastness and rubbing fastness of fabric are within acceptable range, while whiteness, softness and mechanical properties are not affected. Considering comprehensively, when the polymer concentration is 8%, the drying temperature is 130°C and the drying time is 2 min, the finished fabric has the best indexes. This is mainly due to the spontaneous “self-adjustment” of aggregation morphology between the hydrogen bonding between polymer and water molecules and the hydrophobic interaction between molecules themselves in order to maintain a delicate dynamic balance, thus reaching a new thermodynamic equilibrium state. When the temperature exceeds the transition temperature, the surface of P(MEO2MA-co-EGMA360) film changes from a dense film structure to a porous structure, so that the air and moisture permeability can be adjusted and the wearing comfort of the fabric can be improved.
Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels
Authors: Lin Carol Ren , Toychiev Abduqodir , Ablordeppey Reynolds Kwame , Srinivas Miduturu , Benavente-Perez Alexandra
Published: August 2023

The retinal vasculature supplies oxygen and nutrition to the cells and is crucial for an adequate retinal function. In myopia, excessive eye growth is associated with various anatomical changes that can lead to myopia-related complications. However, how myopia-induced ocular growth affects the integrity of the aged retinal microvasculature at the cellular level is not well understood. Here, we studied how aging interacts with myopia-induced alteration of the retinal microvasculature in fourteen marmoset retinas (Callithrix jacchus). String vessel and capillary branchpoint were imaged and quantified in all four capillary plexi of the retinal vasculature. As marmosets with lens-induced myopia aged, they developed increasing numbers of string vessels in all four vascular plexi, with increased vessel branchpoints in the parafoveal and peripapillary retina and decreased vessel branchpoints in the peripheral retina. These myopia-induced changes to the retinal microvasculature suggest an adaptive reorganization of the retinal microvascular cellular structure template with aging and during myopia development and progression.
Comparison of curative effect between OBS assisted by 3D printing and PFNA in the treatment of AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients
Authors: Huang Jiazheng , Xiong Ying , Mithu Md Miftahul , Li Jinping , Geng Chengkui , Lu Jipeng , Ren Yunfeng , Yang Ze , Gan Xuewen , Zhang Aili , Yang Huiqin , Chen Zhuoyuan
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare and analyze the Ortho-Bridge System (OBS) clinical efficacy assisted by 3D printing and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) of AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 25 elderly patients diagnosed with AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fracture was conducted from January 2020 to August 2022 at Yan’an Hospital, affiliated to Kunming Medical University. The patients were divided into 10 patients in the OBS group and 15 in the PFNA group according to different surgical methods. The OBS group reconstructed the bone models and designed the guide plate by computer before the operation, imported the data of the guide plate and bone models into a stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer, and printed them using photosensitive resin, thus obtaining the physical object, then simulating the operation and finally applying the guide plate to assist OBS to complete the operation; the PFNA group was treated by proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. The operation time, the intraoperative blood loss, Harris hip score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

The operation time and the intraoperative blood loss in the PFNA group were less than that in the OBS group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The HHS during the 6th month using OBS was statistically higher than PFNA (P < 0.05), however, there were no significant differences in OHS during the 6th month between the OBS group and PFNA group (P > 0.05). The HHS and OHS during the 12th month in the OBS group were statistically better than in the PFNA group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The OBS assisted by 3D printing and PFNA are effective measures for treating intertrochanteric fractures. Prior to making any decisions regarding internal fixation, it is crucial to evaluate the distinct circumstances of each patient thoroughly.
Comparison of astigmatism correction and visual outcomes in mix-and-match implantations of trifocal intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy and contralateral bifocal Toric intraocular lenses
Authors: Shen Jiying , Hua Zhixiang , Zhang Limei , Zhuo Baoxian , Shen Wenqian , Chen Xuanzhu , Guo Haike , Yang Jin
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Astigmatism reduces the postoperative visual performance after non-toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) implantation, and limits the use of refractive IOLs in cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy in astigmatism correction and the postoperative visual outcomes between the implantation of a trifocal IOL with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) in one eye and a bifocal toric IOL (TIOL) in the other, in patients with cataract and moderate astigmatism.

Methods

This prospective observational paired-eye study enrolled patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism (CA) between 0.75 and 2.25 D in both eyes. The patients underwent a mix-and-match treatment comprising trifocal IOL implantation with FSAK and bifocal TIOL implantation. We compared the visual acuity (VA) at all distances, defocus curve, postoperative refractive astigmatism (RfA), CA, high-order aberrations, modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio between the two eye groups.

Results

In total, 41 patients (82 eyes) were enrolled and completed a 6-month follow-up. The 1- and 3-month uncorrected distance VA and 3-month uncorrected near VA were greater in eyes with bifocal TIOLs than with trifocal IOLs and FSAK (p = 0.036, 0.010, and 0.030, respectively), whereas the latter had greater uncorrected intermediate VA at every visit and greater VA in the intermediate range of defocus curve (at −1.50 and − 2.00 D) than the eyes with bifocal TIOLs. The postoperative RA of the eyes with trifocal IOL and FSAK was significantly higher than that of the bifocal TIOL-implanted eyes at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Discussion

Both FSAK and TIOL implantation effectively reduce pre-existing moderate astigmatism in patients with cataract. The eyes with bifocal TIOLs had more stable long-term astigmatism correction, whereas those with trifocal IOLs and FSAK had better intermediate VA. Therefore, a mix-and-match implantation of trifocal IOL with FSAK and contralateral bifocal TIOL could achieve effective astigmatism correction and provide an overall optimal VA.
Establishment of a Mycoplasma hyorhinis challenge model in 5-week-old piglets
Authors: Földi Dorottya , Nagy Zsófia Eszter , Belecz Nikolett , Szeredi Levente , Földi József , Kollár Anna , Tenk Miklós , Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Gyuranecz Miklós
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is an emerging swine pathogen with high prevalence worldwide. The main lesions caused are arthritis and polyserositis, and the clinical manifestation of the disease may result in significant economic losses due to decreased weight gain and enhanced medical costs. We aimed to compare two challenge routes to induce M. hyorhinis infection using the same clinical isolate.

Methods

Five-week-old, Choice hybrid pigs were inoculated on 2 consecutive days by intravenous route (Group IV-IV) or by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes (Group IV-IP). Mock-infected animals were used as control (control group). After the challenge, the clinical signs were recorded for 28 days, after which the animals were euthanized. Gross pathological and histopathological examinations, PCR detection, isolation, and genotyping of the re-isolated Mycoplasma sp. and culture of bacteria other than Mycoplasma sp. were carried out. The ELISA test was used to detect anti-M. hyorhinis immunoglobulins in the sera of all animals.

Results

Pericarditis and polyarthritis were observed in both challenge groups; however, the serositis was more severe in Group IV-IV. Statistically significant differences were detected between the challenged groups and the control group regarding the average daily weight gain, pathological scores, and ELISA titers. Additionally, histopathological scores in Group IV-IV differed significantly from the scores in the control group. All re-isolated strains were the same or a close genetic variant of the original challenge strain.

Discussion

Our results indicate that both challenge routes are suitable for modeling the disease. However, due to the evoked more severe pathological lesions and the application being similar to the hypothesized natural route of infection in Group IV-IV, the two-dose intravenous challenge is recommended by the authors to induce serositis and arthritis associated with M. hyorhinis infection.
Exploring genetic variability of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw vegetables and fruits: implications for food safety and public health in Mozambique
Authors: Salamandane Cátia , Lobo Maria Luísa , Afonso Sónia , Xiao Lihua , Matos Olga
Published: August 2023

Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are etiological agents of enteric diseases characterized by diarrhea that can progress to chronicity in humans, especially in children and in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the genetic pattern of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected in vegetables and fruits commercialized in Maputo markets, Mozambique and determine their public health importance. Eight study points were sampled: a farmer zone, a wholesale, four retail markets, and two supermarkets in Maputo city, where eight types of horticultural products were purchased. Using nested-PCR methods, 2.8% (9/321) and 1.3% (4/321) of samples monitored were positive for G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Based on the analysis of the β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi detected, respectively, four different sequences of G. duodenalis (three novel sequences: BgMZ1, BgMZ2, and BgMZ3, and one known sequence) all from assemblage B and three genotypes of E. bieneusi (two novel sequences: EbMZ4 and EbMZ5, and one known sequence: KIN-1) from group 1. These microorganisms were found and characterized for the first time in horticultural products in Maputo markets. All identified G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi display high genetic similarity within their β-giardin and ITS rRNA sequences, respectively, having been clustered into assemblages and genotypes with high zoonotic transmission potential. Our study may represent a relevant step in the understanding of these intestinal pathogens in association with fresh vegetables and fruits for human consumption, for a better and broader “One Health” approach.
Dysregulations of metabolites and gut microbes and their associations in rats with noise induced hearing loss
Authors: Li Ningning , Zhang Xiuzhi , Cui Yanan , Wu Hui , Yu Yue , Yu Shanfa
Published: August 2023

Background

Noise exposure could lead to hearing loss and disorders of various organs. Recent studies have reported the close relations of environmental noise exposure to the metabolomics dysregulations and gut microbiota disturbance in the exposers. However, the associations between gut microbial homeostasis and the body metabolism during noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were unclear. To get a full understanding of their synergy in noise-associated diseases, it is essential to uncover their impacts and associations under exposure conditions.

Methods

With ten male rats with background noise exposure (≤ 40 dB) as controls (Ctr group), 20 age- and weight-matched male rats were exposed to 95 dB Sound pressure level (SPL) (LN group, n = 10) or 105 dB SPL noise (HN group, n = 10) for 30 days with 4 h/d. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) of the rats and their serum biochemical parameters were detected to investigate their hearing status and the potential effects of noise exposure on other organs. Metabolomics (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) and microbiome (16S rDNA gene sequencing) analyses were performed on samples from the rats. Multivariate analyses and functional enrichments were applied to identify the dysregulated metabolites and gut microbes as well as their associated pathways. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the associations of the dysregulations of microbiota and the metabolites.

Results

NIHL rat models were constructed. Many biochemical parameters were altered by noise exposure. The gut microbiota constitution and serum metabolic profiles of the noise-exposed rats were also dysregulated. Through metabolomics analysis, 34 and 36 differential metabolites as well as their associated pathways were identified in LN and HN groups, respectively. Comparing with the control rats, six and 14 florae were shown to be significantly dysregulated in the LN group and HN group, respectively. Further association analysis showed significant correlations between differential metabolites and differential microbiota.

Conclusion

There were cochlea injuries and abnormalities of biochemical parameters in the rats with NIHL. Noise exposure could also disrupt the metabolic profiles and the homeostatic balance of gut microbes of the host as well as their correlations. The dysregulated metabolites and microbiota might provide new clues for prevention of noise-related disorders.
Characterization and genomic analysis of an oceanic cyanophage infecting marine Synechococcus reveal a novel genus
Authors: Wang Tiancong , Luo Lin , Xiong Yao , Wang Chuxiao , Shao Hongbing , Wang Min , Guo Cui
Published: August 2023

Cyanophages play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems by affecting the population dynamics and community structure of cyanobacteria. In this study, a novel cyanophage, Nanhaivirus ms29, that infects Synechococcus sp. MW02 was isolated from the ocean basin in the South China Sea. It was identified as a T4-like phage using transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this cyanophage is distinct from other known T4-like cyanophage, belonging to a novel genus named Nanhaivirus within the family Kyanoviridae, according to the most recent classification proposed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The genome of this novel cyanophage is composed of 178,866 bp of double-stranded DNA with a G + C content of 42.5%. It contains 217 potential open reading frames (ORFs) and 6 tRNAs. As many as 30 auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were identified in the genome, which related to photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance, possibly reflecting a genomic adaption to the oligotrophic environment. Read-mapping analysis showed that Nanhaivirus ms29 mainly distributed in temperate and tropical epipelagic waters. This study enriches of the virus gene database of cyanophages and provides valuable insights into the phylogeny of cyanophages and their interactions with their hosts.
Single-cell scattering and auto-fluorescence-based fast antibiotic susceptibility testing for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Dixneuf Sophie , Chareire-Kleiberg Anne-Coline , Mahé Pierre , El Azami Meriem , Kolytcheff Chloé , Bellais Samuel , Guyard Cyril , Védrine Christophe , Mallard Frédéric , Josso Quentin , Rol Fabian
Published: August 2023

In this study, we assess the scattering of light and auto-fluorescence from single bacterial cells to address the challenge of fast (<2 h), label-free phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Label-free flow cytometry is used for monitoring both the respiration-related auto-fluorescence in two different fluorescence channels corresponding to FAD and NADH, and the morphological and structural information contained in the light scattered by individual bacteria during incubation with or without antibiotic. Large multi-parameter data are analyzed using dimensionality reduction methods, based either on a combination of 2D binning and Principal Component Analysis, or with a one-class Support Vector Machine approach, with the objective to predict the Susceptible or Resistant phenotype of the strain. For the first time, both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive) isolates were tested with a label-free approach, and, in the presence of two groups of bactericidal antibiotic molecules, aminoglycosides and beta-lactams. Our results support the feasibility of label-free AST in less than 2 h and suggest that single cell auto-fluorescence adds value to the Susceptible/Resistant phenotyping over single-cell scattering alone, in particular for the mecA+ Staphylococcus (i.e., resistant) strains treated with oxacillin.
Right in two: capabilities of ion mobility spectrometry for untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Moses Tessa , Burgess Karl
Published: August 2023

This mini review focuses on the opportunities provided by current and emerging separation techniques for mass spectrometry metabolomics. The purpose of separation technologies in metabolomics is primarily to reduce complexity of the heterogeneous systems studied, and to provide concentration enrichment by increasing sensitivity towards the quantification of low abundance metabolites. For this reason, a wide variety of separation systems, from column chemistries to solvent compositions and multidimensional separations, have been applied in the field. Multidimensional separations are a common method in both proteomics applications and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, allowing orthogonal separations to further reduce analytical complexity and expand peak capacity. These applications contribute to exponential increases in run times concomitant with first dimension fractionation followed by second dimension separations. Multidimensional liquid chromatography to increase peak capacity in metabolomics, when compared to the potential of running additional samples or replicates and increasing statistical confidence, mean that uptake of these methods has been minimal. In contrast, in the last 15 years there have been significant advances in the resolution and sensitivity of ion mobility spectrometry, to the point where high-resolution separation of analytes based on their collision cross section approaches chromatographic separation, with minimal loss in sensitivity. Additionally, ion mobility separations can be performed on a chromatographic timescale with little reduction in instrument duty cycle. In this review, we compare ion mobility separation to liquid chromatographic separation, highlight the history of the use of ion mobility separations in metabolomics, outline the current state-of-the-art in the field, and discuss the future outlook of the technology. “Where there is one, you’re bound to divide it. Right in two”, James Maynard Keenan.
Case report and literature review: fatal cerebral fat embolism following facial autologous fat graft
Authors: Cheng Yawen , Yan Gezhi , Li Chenyang , Han Xiangning , Shang Jing , Shang Suhang , Han Jianfeng , Luo Guogang , Liu Fude
Published: August 2023

Background

Severe cerebral artery embolism is a rare complication of facial autologous fat injection. However, its incidence has markedly increased with the recent rise in facial cosmetic procedures.

Case presentation

We report a 31-year-old Chinese woman who presented with unconsciousness 6 h after having undergone a facial autologous fat injection. A neurological examination revealed stupor, bilaterally diminished pupillary light reflexes, right-sided central facial palsy, and no reaction to pain stimulation of right limbs. Diffusion-weighted imaging displayed patchy hyperintense lesions in the left frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated fat embolism in the left internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery. We immediately performed mechanical thrombectomy under sufficient preoperative preparations but failed to achieve complete recanalization. Pathological examination of the embolus confirmed the presence of adipocytes. Although we actively administered symptomatic and supportive treatments, the patient eventually died due to the progression of cerebral herniation and systemic infection.

Conclusion

Due to the ineffectiveness of current treatment and the inferior prognosis, fat embolism, a severe complication of autologous fat graft, should draw the attention of both plastic surgeons and neurologists so that actions may be taken for both its prevention and treatment.
Impact of reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept on clinical and biomolecular parameters in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abreu-Corrales Aymara , Velasco Ana , Cuesta-Gómez Alicia , Sánchez-González Juan Luis
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease with a fluctuating and unpredictable course that has no curative treatment at present. One of its main characteristics is the variety of signs and symptoms that produce a high percentage of patients who present alterations in balance and gait during the development of the disease, decreased muscle strength, spasticity, or decreased pimax. Rehabilitative therapy, especially physiotherapy, is the main course of the treatment of these alterations using reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept as a form of kinesitherapy that activates the preorganized circuits of the central nervous system.

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the reflex locomotion and Bobath concept effects on balance, spasticity, reaction time, respiratory parameters, and lacrimal biomolecular markers.

Methods and analysis

This is a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of two neurorehabilitation techniques in patients with multiple sclerosis conducted at the University of Salamanca. The research will take place at the Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca. The study will be conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. The reflex locomotion group will receive individual sessions of therapy (n = 27), and the Bobath concept group (n = 27) will receive the same number of sessions. Both groups will receive two sessions per week for 12 months. The measurement variables will be the Berg Balance Scale, the Tardieu Scale, the Cognitfit Program, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure, and Lacrimal Biomarkers.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca on March 2023 (ref: 896).

Limitations

The main limitations of this study are the selection and number of patients, the delay in implementing the therapy within the initially scheduled period, inadequate sample collection, and inadequate sample processing.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT05558683.