bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obinutuzumab in Combination with Alternative Chlorambucil Schedules in Front-Line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Study by KroHem, the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Diseases
Authors: Aurer Igor , Jakšić Ozren , Bašić-Kinda Sandra , Mišura-Jakobac Karla , Sinčić-Petričević Jasminka , Novaković-Coha Sabina , Galušić Davor , Holik Hrvoje , Valković Toni , Županić-Krmek Dubravka , Hude-Dragičević Ida , Milunović Vibor , Pejša Vlatko
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obinutuzumab was approved for front-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in combination with chlorambucil pulses administered every 2 wks. Alternative schedules of chlorambucil enable the administration of higher total chlorambucil doses, and have better antileukemia activity. So far, evidence on the feasibility of combining obinutuzumab with alternative chlorambucil schedules is lacking. We performed this retrospective analysis to analyze real life outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving a combination of obinutuzumab with different chlorambucil schedules. Methods: This was a retrospective survey performed in order to analyze the feasibility and efficacy of different obinutuzumab and chlorambucil combinations in a real-life setting. Patients receiving this combination as a front-line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in participating centers, outside of clinical trials, in 2017 and 2018 were included. Results: Seventy-three patients fulfilling entry criteria were identified. Their median age was 76 years, and ranged from 58 to 90 years. The median follow up time was 59 months. The response rate was 89%, with a median progression-free survival time of 27 months, and an overall survival time of 49 months. Chlorambucil was administered as planned in 15 of the 22 (79%) patients treated with chlorambucil pulses every 2 weeks; in 15 of the 42 (34%) patients treated with 7-day courses of chlorambucil administered every 4 weeks; and in 0 of the 10 patients treated with a continuous high dose of chlorambucil (p = 0.002). Changes in treatment schedules were made due to side effects. The progression-free and overall survival rates were similar between the three groups. Conclusions: The combinations of obinutuzumab with more intensive chlorambucil schedules are less feasible, preventing the administration of the intended higher total dose of chlorambucil, and do not improve outcomes in comparison to chlorambucil pulses administered every 2 weeks.
Development of RT h-CLAT, a Rapid Assessment Method for Skin Sensitizers Using THP-1 Cells as a Biosensor
Authors: Koyama Hiroki , Maeda Ayami , Zhai Peiqi , Koiwai Keiichiro , Kurose Kouichi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, in vitro skin sensitization assays have been recommended as animal-free alternatives for the safety assessment of cosmetics and topical drugs, and these methods have been adopted in OECD test guidelines. However, existing assays remain complex and costly. To address this, we recently developed a more efficient, cost-effective, and accurate method for evaluating skin sensitizers by using immune cell-derived THP-1 cells as a biosensor, coupled with an RT-PCR-based assay. In this study, we further refined this method to enable even faster assessment of skin sensitization. By performing comprehensive RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis, we examined gene expression profiles induced by sensitizers in THP-1 cells to identify potential sensitization markers, ultimately selecting the optimal markers and conditions for evaluation. Our findings indicate that after exposing a test chemical to THP-1 cells for 5 h, measuring the expression levels of the JUN and HMOX1 genes via real-time PCR allows for a reliable assessment of sensitization. A test compound is defined as a sensitizer if either gene shows a more than two-fold increase in its expression compared to the control. Applying this improved method, designated as RT h-CLAT, we evaluated the sensitization potential of 43 chemicals. The results demonstrated higher accuracy compared to the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) listed in the OECD guidelines, while also reducing the required assessment time from two days to one.
Psychometric Validation of the Revised Physical Self-Perception Profile: An Italian Context Study
Authors: Nicolosi Simona , Ortega Ruiz Rosario , Sgrò Francesco , Lipoma Mario , Benítez Sillero Juan de Dios
Published: December 2024

Background: The Physical Self has been defined as the set of perceptual, descriptive, and evaluative aspects that each person uses to describe his or her physical domains. The Revised Physical Self-Perception Profile questionnaire (PSPP-R) is a self-reported measure of physical self-concept domains, including a Perceived Importance Profile questionnaire that assesses the subjective importance assigned to physical domains. Although the PSPP-R has been validated in several countries, it has not been validated in the Italian context. The present study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the PSPP-R with the PIP in order to provide, for the Italian context, a comprehensive instrument for understanding the development of the Physical Self and global self-esteem dimensions. Methods: The factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, and criterion validity of the Italian version of the PSPP-R were examined in two independent samples of Italian students (n = 911; 348 males and 563 females) aged 15–20 years attending secondary school. Results: The results demonstrated the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the PSPP-R, as well as its hierarchical structures. Conclusions: In psychological and educational settings, the Italian version of the PSPP-R can be used to examine the physical self-concept of Italian adolescents and young adults, allowing for the exploration of the interplay of competence and importance in physical domains.
Numerical Study on the Sensitive Wavelength and Amplitude Management of Track Irregularities in Monorail Systems
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Pengjiao , Chen Chen , Ji Yanqiang , Wei Shiqi , Guan Boyou , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

Track irregularity is one of the principal excitations that induces coupled vibrations in vehicle–bridge systems. Understanding the sensitive wavelength of track irregularities is critical for the evaluation and management of track conditions. Notably, existing studies generally focus on railway systems, but the characteristics of sensitive wavelengths in monorail systems are insufficiently understood. This study aims to investigate the influence of longitudinal level irregularity (LLI) on the dynamic response of the monorail tour transit system (MTTS), as well as the sensitive wavelength of LLI. First, a joint model was developed by integrating multi-body dynamics with the finite element method. The LLI utilized in the numerical mode was simulated by trigonometric functions with various frequencies (i.e., wavelengths) and amplitudes. The dynamic responses of monorail vehicles, including the wheel load reduction rate and vertical acceleration, were obtained and then used to evaluate track conditions. Results indicate that the dynamic responses of MTTS are mainly affected by the LLI with a wavelength of less than 5 m. In addition, it was found that, in the studied ranges, the sensitivity wavelength grows as the vehicle speed increases. Finally, the recommended value of LLI control under various track conditions was evaluated.
Shear Capacity Model of Prefabricated Shear-Keyed Tooth Joints Under Confining Stress
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhang Dongliang , Liu Wantong , Fu Kun , Wang Fei , Wu Xiangguo , Wang Daiyu
Published: December 2024

Shear-keyed tooth joints (SKTJs) are commonly used in prefabricated buildings, including wind turbine foundations, to connect prestressed modules. Due to the significant loss of prestress in precast wind turbine foundations, slip failure is more likely to occur than shear failure. In this paper, a predictive model for SKTJs under small confining stress based on the ultimate limit state theory is proposed. The effects of the number of shear keyed teeth, reinforcement, and confining stress on the shear capacity of SKTJs are analyzed numerically. The incremental coefficient, i.e., the ratio of the shear strength increment to the product of the shear strength and the joint’s positive stress corresponding to the compression-shear state is illustrated theoretically and suggested to be 0.228, conservatively. A reduction factor is suggested for multi-keyed joints, and the contribution of reinforcement to the shear capacity is around 5%. Small confining stress results in slip failure, while large confining stress slows down the degree of shear failure. There is a positive correlation between the shear capacity under slip failure and the confining stress. Finally, the predictive model is validated by simulating the results of slip and shear failures.
Embedment Performance of Glued Laminated Bamboo and Timber Composite Joints
Authors: Chen Zheng , Du Hao , Wang Libin , Ding Xiang
Published: December 2024

Dowel connectors are extensively utilized to establish joint connections in timber constructions. This study investigated the embedment performance of glued laminated bamboo and timber composite joints through half-hole tests, focusing on the effects of dowel diameter, loading direction, contact condition, combination method, and moisture content. The experimental results indicated that the embedment strength of the specimens decreased progressively with an increase in dowel diameter. For wood–bamboo–wood (WBW) specimens, the embedment strength in the longitudinal to the grain was 18% higher than in the transverse direction. For bamboo–wood–bamboo (BWB), the embedment strength in the longitudinal to grain was 71% higher than in the transverse to grain. However, the compression direction to the grain had no observable impact on the embedment stiffness. The embedment capacity varied with different combination methods of bamboo and wood materials, and BWB specimens exhibited greater strength than WBW specimens. For WBW specimens, the embedment strength under smooth contact conditions was 61% higher than that under threaded contact conditions. Similarly, for BWB specimens, the embedment strength under smooth contact conditions was 73% higher than that under threaded contact conditions. After 3 days of water immersion, the embedment strength of glued laminated bamboo and timber composite specimens decreased to about 45% of the original strength. After 6 days of water immersion, the embedment strength of glued laminated bamboo and timber composite specimens fell to about 15% of the original strength. Based on the test results, this paper proposed calculation methods for predicting the embedment strength and stiffness of glued laminated bamboo and timber composite joints.
Environmental and Energy Performances of the Nearly Net-Zero Energy Solar Decathlon House with Dynamic Facades: A Comparison of Four Climate Regions
Authors: Gong Fangfang , Ma Yongchao , Shi Feng , Chen Chen , Tian Linlin , Huang Jingjing
Published: December 2024

Dynamic facades allow for effective climate adaptability, representing a new trend in future building envelope design. Present research on dynamic facades often focuses solely on certain aspects of the built environment or relies entirely on simulation outcomes. Meanwhile, the real-time changing nature of dynamic facades poses challenges in accurately simulating these schemes. Therefore, it remains essential to quantify the energy consumption performances of different types of dynamic facades and their influence on the indoor environment comfort in response to ventilation, light, and thermal environment to improve energy savings. This study uses an energy management system to simulate the ability of five dynamic facades—an intelligent ventilated facade, a dynamic exterior shading, a dynamic interior shading, a buffer layer, and phase-change material (PCM) facades—to provide adequate comfort and reduce energy consumption in four climate zones in China. The simulation model of a nearly net-zero energy Solar Decathlon house “Nature Between” was validated with experimental data. Among the five dynamic facades, the energy-saving efficiency of intelligent ventilation was highest, followed by exterior shading. Compared with houses without dynamic facades, the use of the dynamic facades reduced energy consumption (and annual glare time) by 19.87% (90.65%), 22.37% (74.84%), 15.19% (72.09%), and 9.23% (75.53%) in Xiamen, Shanghai, Beijing, and Harbin, respectively. Findings regarding the dynamic facade-driven energy savings and favorable indoor environment comfort provide new and actionable insights into the design and application of dynamic facades in four climate regions in China.
Adult Cerebellopontine Angle Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Management Approaches, and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Balasubramanian Kishore , Kharbat Abdurrahman F. , Call-Orellana Francisco , Tavakol Sherwin A. , Fassina Grace R. , Janssen Christopher , Bin Alamer Othman , Zuccato Jeffrey A. , Dunn Ian F.
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing individual patient data in the literature on adult cerebellopontine angle (CPA) medulloblastoma (MB) and characterize the patient presentation, management strategies used, and oncological outcomes of this rare entity to guide future clinical practice. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from inception to 19 June 2024. Studies regarding adult patients with histologically confirmed MB radiographically confirmed to be located in the CPA were included. Clinical data were synthesized, and predictors of outcomes were evaluated. Results: Twenty-seven studies with 42 adult CPAMB patients were included. The median age was 32 years (range: 19–56). Headaches (81%), cranial neuropathy (90%), cerebellar dysfunction (79%), and nausea/vomiting (50%) were typical presenting features. The predominant histological subtype was the classic variant. Maximal safe surgical resection was performed, most commonly using a retrosigmoid approach, and 60% of cases received a gross total resection. Most patients received adjuvant treatment (93%), typically chemoradiotherapy. The recurrence rate was 11% after a median of 18 months of follow-up. Relatively high survival rates of 96%, 85%, and 85% were observed at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Patients who received adjuvant therapy had significantly better recurrence and greater overall survival outcomes. Conclusions: These results support the consideration of MB in young adult patients presenting with CPA tumors with radiographical features suggestive of hypercellularity and the utilization of a management strategy of maximal safe resection plus post-operative craniospinal irradiation along with chemotherapy to optimally treat these rare patients.
Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Head Tumour: A Single-Centre Analysis
Authors: Hartman Vera , Bracke Bart , Chapelle Thiery , Hendrikx Bart , Liekens Ellen , Roeyen Geert
Published: December 2024

Background: The robotic approach is an appealing way to perform minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy. We compare robotic cases’ short-term and oncological outcomes to a historical cohort of open cases. Methods: Data were collected in a prospective database between 2016 and 2024; complications were graded using the ISGPS definition for the specific pancreas-related complications and the Clavien–Dindo classification for overall complications. Furthermore, the Comprehensive Complication Index was calculated. All patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were included, except those with acute or chronic pancreatitis, vascular tumour involvement or multi-visceral resections. Only the subset of patients with malignancy was regarded for the oncologic outcome. Results: In total, 100 robotic and 102 open pancreaticoduodenectomy cases are included. Equal proportions of patients have a main pancreatic duct ≤3 mm (p = 1.00) and soft consistency of the pancreatic remnant (p = 0.78). Surgical time is longer for robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (p < 0.01), and more patients have delayed gastric emptying (44% and 28.4%, p = 0.03). In the robotic group, the number of patients without any postoperative complications is higher (p = 0.02), and there is less chyle leak (p < 0.01). Ninety-day mortality, postoperative pancreatic fistula, and postpancreatectomy haemorrhage are similar. The lymph node retrieval and R0 resection rates are comparable. Conclusions: In conclusion, after robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy, remembering all cases during the learning curve are included, less chyle leak is observed, the proportion of patients without any complication is significantly larger, the surgical duration is longer, and more patients have delayed gastric emptying. Oncological results, i.e., lymph node yield and R0 resection rate, are comparable to open pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Low-Grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Breast: A Single-Center Retrospective Study and a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tamminen Anselm , Boström Pia
Published: December 2024

(1) Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGASC) is a rare subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC), accounting for fewer than 0.05% of breast cancer cases. Unlike the typically aggressive nature of MpBCs, LGASC is an indolent tumor with an excellent prognosis. Due to its rarity, LGASC is frequently misdiagnosed, particularly in core needle biopsies. Currently, there are no clear treatment guidelines for LGASC. (2) Methods: This study presents a single-center retrospective analysis and a systematic literature review of LGASC. (3) Results: Three LGASC cases were diagnosed among 6462 breast cancer patients in our center, demonstrating its rarity. LGASC has overlapping features with benign sclerosing lesions and is often initially misdiagnosed. LGASC is often overtreated, as its indolent nature is not recognized. It very rarely presents axillary or distant metastases, and in contemporary data, local recurrences are rare, questioning the need for adjuvant therapy. (4) Conclusions: LGASC is a very rare form of breast cancer with an excellent prognosis despite being MpBC and usually a triple-negative breast cancer. It is often overtreated as its unique nature is not recognized.
Molecular Mutations and Clinical Behavior in Bethesda III and IV Thyroid Nodules: A Comparative Study
Authors: Payne Alexandra E. , Lefebvre Coralie , Minello Michael , Rajab Mohannad , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Pusztaszeri Marc , Hier Michael P. , Forest Veronique-Isabelle
Published: December 2024

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Fine needle aspiration cytology, guided by the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, categorizes thyroid nodules into six categories, with Bethesda III and IV representing indeterminate diagnoses that pose significant challenges for clinical decision-making. Understanding the molecular profiles of these categories may enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from 217 patients with Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules who underwent ThyroSeq v3 molecular testing followed by thyroid surgery at McGill University teaching hospitals. The analysis focused on the presence of specific molecular mutations, copy number alterations (CNAs), and gene expression profiles (GEPs) within these nodules. The relationship between these molecular findings and the clinico-pathological features of the patients was also examined. Results: This study identified notable differences in the molecular landscape of Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules. Bethesda IV nodules exhibited a higher prevalence of CNAs and distinct GEPs compared to Bethesda III nodules. Interestingly, the BRAFV600E mutation was found exclusively in Bethesda III nodules, which correlated with more aggressive malignant behavior. These findings underscore the potential of molecular profiling to differentiate between the clinical behaviors of these indeterminate nodule categories. Conclusions: Molecular profiling, including the assessment of CNAs, GEPs, and specific mutations like BRAFV600E, provides valuable insights into the nature of Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules. The distinct molecular characteristics observed between these categories suggest that such profiling could be instrumental in improving diagnostic accuracy and tailoring treatment approaches, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in thyroid cancer management.
Recent Progress and Strategies on the Design of Zeolite-Based Catalysts for Hydroformylation of Olefins
Authors: Nenasheva Maria V. , Gorbunov Dmitry N.
Published: December 2024

Due to their unique structural and mechanical characteristics, zeolites are of great interest as carriers for the design of catalysts. This review is focused on the progress in the development of new zeolite-based catalysts for hydroformylation. The procedures of materials synthesis and modification, the methods of metal introduction, and the effect of the catalyst structure on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the hydroformylation catalysts are discussed. This review highlights the role of up-to-date analytical techniques in the development of fine-tuned active and selective hydroformylation catalysts. The greatest achievements over the past five years considered in detail in this review demonstrate a high potential of zeolite-based hydroformylation catalysts. Future prospects and possible directions of upcoming studies are regarded.
Structure of the WIPI3/ATG16L1 Complex Reveals the Molecular Basis for the Recruitment of the ATG12~ATG5-ATG16L1 Complex by WIPI3
Authors: Gong Xinyu , Wang Yingli , Zhou Yuqian , Pan Lifeng
Published: December 2024

Macroautophagy deploys a wealth of autophagy-related proteins to synthesize the double-membrane autophagosome, in order to engulf cytosolic components for lysosome-dependent degradation. The recruitment of the ATG12~ATG5-ATG16L1 complex by WIPI family proteins is a crucial step in autophagosome formation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism by which WIPI3 facilitates the recruitment of the ATG12~ATG5-ATG16L1 complex remains largely unknown. Here, we uncover that WIPI3 can directly interact with the coiled-coil domain of ATG16L1. By determining the crystal structure of WIPI3 in complex with ATG16L1 coiled-coil, we elucidate the molecular basis underpinning the specific recruitment of the ATG12~ATG5-ATG16L1 complex by WIPI3. Moreover, we demonstrate that WIPI2 and WIPI3 are competitive for interacting with ATG16L1 coiled-coil, and ATG16L1 and ATG2 are mutually exclusive in binding to WIPI3. In all, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the WIPI3/ATG16L1 interaction, and are valuable for further understanding the activation mechanism of the ATG12~ATG5-ATG16L1 complex as well as the working mode of WIPI3 in autophagy.
Breaking Left–Right Symmetry by the Interplay of Planar Cell Polarity, Calcium Signaling and Cilia
Authors: Shi De-Li
Published: December 2024

The formation of the embryonic left–right axis is a fundamental process in animals, which subsequently conditions both the shape and the correct positioning of internal organs. During vertebrate early development, a transient structure, known as the left–right organizer, breaks the bilateral symmetry in a manner that is critically dependent on the activity of motile and immotile cilia or asymmetric cell migration. Extensive studies have partially elucidated the molecular pathways that initiate left–right asymmetric patterning and morphogenesis. Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling plays an important role in the biased orientation and rotational motion of motile cilia. The leftward fluid flow generated in the cavity of the left–right organizer is sensed by immotile cilia through complex mechanisms to trigger left-sided calcium signaling and lateralized gene expression pattern. Disrupted asymmetric positioning or impaired structure and function of cilia leads to randomized left–right axis determination, which is closely linked to laterality defects, particularly congenital heart disease. Despite of the formidable progress made in deciphering the critical contribution of cilia to establishing the left–right asymmetry, a strong challenge remains to understand how cilia generate and sense fluid flow to differentially activate gene expression across the left–right axis. This review analyzes mechanisms underlying the asymmetric morphogenesis and function of the left–right organizer in left–right axis formation. It also aims to identify important questions that are open for future investigations.
Fermented Fish Collagen Diminished Photoaging-Related Collagen Decrease by Attenuating AGE–RAGE Binding Activity
Authors: Oh Seyeon , Lee So Young , Jang Jong-Won , Son Kuk Hui , Byun Kyunghee
Published: December 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes skin wrinkles and decreases elasticity. UV also increases binding between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), resulting in increased inflammation and activation of NF-κB. We evaluated whether fermented fish collagen (FC) could decrease photoaging via decreasing AGE–RAGE binding activity, which was associated with decreased TNF-α and NF-κB levels in UV-irradiated keratinocytes and animal skin. In the UV-irradiated keratinocytes, AGE–RAGE binding activity and TNF-α secretion levels were increased, and FC decreased these. Additionally, AGE–RAGE binding activity and TNF-α secretion levels were attenuated by soluble RAGE (RAGE inhibitor) in the UV-irradiated keratinocytes. FC decreased AGE–RAGE binding activity, TNF-α levels, and translocation of NF-κB in the UV-irradiated skin. Furthermore, FC decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1/3/9, which degrades collagen fibers, and Smad7, which inhibits Smad2/3, in UV-irradiated skin. FC increased Smad2/3 and collagen fiber accumulation. FC also increases skin moisture and elasticity. In conclusion, FC could attenuate skin photoaging via decreasing AGE–RAGE binding activity and its downstream signals such as TNF-α and NF-κB.
The Diagnostic Value of circFBXW7, circABCB10, and circ0103552 Levels in Breast Cancer
Authors: İlhan Burak , Ender Şenol , Kılıç Berkay , Üçüncü Muhammed , Serilmez Murat , Tilgen Yasasever Ceren , Oğuz Soydinç Hilal , Kuras Sibel , Erdoğan Bekir , Alsaadoni Hani , Karanlık Hasan , Bademler Süleyman
Published: December 2024

Despite advances in cancer treatment, breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. This study aimed to determine serum circFBXW7, circABCB10, and circ0103552 levels and compare BC patients and healthy controls to investigate their roles in the molecular mechanism of BC and the significance of these circRNAs in BC diagnosis. The study group consisted of 92 patients with BC and 31 healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated from serum samples. Following total RNA, complementary DNA was synthesized from this material. Following complementary DNA analysis, the circRNA levels were analyzed by the qRT-PCR method. Expression levels were evaluated in ΔCt values. High ΔCt values of circFBXW7 and circ0103552 and low ΔCt values of circABCB10 were correlated with BC diagnosis (circFBXW7, p = 0.043, r = 0.183, circ0103552, p < 0.001, r = 0.321, circABCB10, p = 0.001, r = −0.291). According to Fold Change (FC) values, circFBXW7 (FC = 0.30) and circ0103552 (FC = 0.26) showed low expression in the patient group compared to the control group, while circABCB10 (FC = 11.09) showed high expression (p < 0.05, for all comparisons). We think that our study is one of the rare studies investigating the relationship between BC and serum circRNA levels. This study concludes that the significant downregulation of circFBXW7 and circ0103552 and the upregulation of circABCB10 are directly related to the diagnosis of BC and can be used for diagnosis, but further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the relationship between circRNAs and BC.
Construction and Validation of CRISPR/Cas Vectors for Editing the PDS Gene in Banana (Musa spp.)
Authors: Mascarenhas Marcelly Santana , Nascimento Fernanda dos Santos , Schittino Luana Maria Pacheco , Galinari Livia Batista , Lino Lucymeire Souza Morais , Ramos Andresa Priscila de Souza , Diniz Leandro Eugenio Cardamone , Mendes Tiago Antônio de Oliveira , Ferreira Claudia Fortes , Santos-Serejo Janay Almeida dos , Amorim Edson Perito
Published: December 2024

Bananas and plantains are important staple food crops affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The gene editing technique via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated with the Cas protein (CRISPR/Cas) has been used as an important tool for development of cultivars with high tolerance to stresses. This study sought to develop a protocol for the construction of vectors for gene knockout. Here we use the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as a case study in Prata-Anã banana by the nonhomologous end junction (NHEJ) method. PDS is a key gene in the carotenoid production pathway in plants and its knockout leads to easily visualized phenotypes such as dwarfism and albinism in plants. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation delivered CRISPR/Cas9 constructs containing gRNAs were inserted into embryogenic cell suspension cultures. This is the first study to provide an effective method/protocol for constructing gene knockout vectors, demonstrating gene editing potential in a Brazilian banana variety. The constitutive (CaMV 35S) and root-specific vectors were successfully assembled and confirmed in transformed Agrobacterium by DNA extraction and PCR. The specificity of transformation protocols makes it possible to use the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to develop Prata-Anã banana plants with enhanced tolerance/resistance to major biotic and abiotic factors.
Residual Stresses of 316L Stainless Steel Laser Direct Metal During Pulsed-Wave and Continuous-Wave Laser Additive Manufacturing: A Comparative Study
Authors: Cheng Manping , Zou Xi , Chang Tengfei , Cao Qi , Ju Houlai , Luo Guoyun , Zou Zhengwen , Wu Zhenxing
Published: December 2024

Continuous-wave laser (CW) and pulsed-wave laser (PW) are the two laser modes in direct energy deposition (DED). This paper mainly reports on a study into the effects of the two laser modes on residual stresses with a given energy input. The contour method (CM) with non-uniform spatial distribution of inspection points was used to capture residual stress distributions in DED of Fe3000 on a substrate made of 316L stainless steel. Residual stresses in the transition zone between the deposit and the substrate were carefully examined to gain an understanding of cracks frequently observed at the connection between the substrate and the deposit. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction, along with successive material removal, was used to reveal residual stresses at various depths in the substrate. The results showed that significant tensile longitudinal stresses developed at the substrate–deposit junction for both CW and PW laser modes. It increased sharply (about 64%) with the increase in energy input for CW mode, while it showed the opposite trend for PW mode; the longitudinal residual stress decreased 13.2% with the increase in energy input. PW, however, introduced lower residual stress than that of CW under the condition of high-energy input; the maximum longitudinal residual stress decreased by about 10.4% compared to CW mode. This was due to stress relaxation at high-energy inputs in PW mode. In addition, residual stresses were found to be higher than the initial yield stress, and yielding occurred in the deposited part. The results determined by the CM and X-ray diffraction depth profiling were found to be consistent.
The Identification of Potential Nutritional and Sensory Markers for the Authentication of an Innovative Canestrato Cheese Based on Plant-Derived Rennet
Authors: Litrenta Federica , Lopreiato Vincenzo , Potortì Angela Giorgia , Lo Turco Vincenzo , Randazzo Cinzia L. , Nava Vincenzo , Cavallo Carmelo , Rando Rossana , Di Bella Giuseppa , Liotta Luigi
Published: December 2024

Plant-derived rennet sources have been recognized as effective alternatives to traditional animal-derived rennet in cheese processing, producing various cheeses for vegetarians and Halal consumers. The aim of the present study was to assess the quality and identify potential chemical and sensory markers of Canestrato cheese made from pasteurized mixed cow/sheep milk (50:50 ratio) using a kiwifruit extract (prepared in the laboratory) as a rennet source of vegetable origin. The milk was curdled with an aqueous kiwi extract (cK group), with commercial calf rennet (cT group), or with commercial microbial rennet obtained from the controlled fermentation of Rhizomucor miehei (cH group). For each cheesemaking process, 30 L of mixed milk was used, resulting in 10 forms, each weighing approximately 1 kg. Cheese produced using kiwifruit rennet exhibited improved nutritional characteristics, such as lower total lipid, cholesterol, and sodium content and greater levels of polyphenols, potassium, and phytosterols compared with the cheese of the cT group. The cheese of the cK group had a slightly more pronounced bitterness compared to cheeses made with conventional rennets (cH and cT). Overall, the use of kiwifruit extract as a milk coagulant has proved to be a promising alternative, improving both the nutritional profile and functional properties of the resulting cheese.
Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Prostatic Artery Embolization in Patients with Indwelling Urinary Catheter for Benign Hyperplasia—A Multicenter Study
Authors: Pouchot Jules , Crombé Amandine , Burlet Luc , Farah Fadi , Baseilhac Pierre , David Arthur , Petitpierre François , Maaloum Rim , Le Bras Yann , Pagnoux Gaele , Derbel Haytham , Kobeiter Hicham , Barral Matthias , Frandon Julien , Marcelin Clément , Klein Clément , Jambon Eva
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This multicentric study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) to remove indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Secondary objectives were to identify features associated with post-PAE catheter-free survival (PCFS). Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent PAE for IUC related to BPH with a follow-up of at least 2 years (except for early death) in 6 French University Hospitals were retrospectively included. Clinical efficacy was defined as the removal of the IUC after PAE (through a trial without catheter [TWOC]) and evaluated at regular intervals. Chi-square tests, Wilcoxon tests and multivariable binary logistic regressions were utilized to investigate predictors of TWOC success. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were utilized to investigate predictors of PCFS in patients with TWOC success. Results: 140 men with IUC (median age: 82.5 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 73–88.2 years, range: 46–100) who underwent PAE between January 2017 and March 2021 were included. Initial successful catheter removal (TWOC success) following PAE occurred in 113/140 (80.7%) patients, and 3/140 (2.1%) patients encountered major complications. In patients with TWOC success, PCFS at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 87.5% (95%CI: 81.4–94.1), 84.4% (95%CI: 77.7–91.7) and 79% (71.3–87.4), respectively. No independent predictive factors for TWOC success and PCFS were identified. Conclusions: PAE should be considered as a safe option with good clinical efficacy in the short and long term for elderly and inoperable patients with IUC due to symptomatic BPH.
Ultra-Wide-Field OCT Measurements in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Relation to Their Visual Function
Authors: Gawęcki Maciej , Kiciński Krzysztof , Kucharczuk Jan , Teper Sławomir , Hubert Magdalena , Kuc Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Background: Ultra-wide-field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) devices have recently been introduced to clinical practice. The goal of this study was to compare choroidal and retinal thickness (CT and RT) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a healthy control group using UWF-OCT Xephilio S1. Additionally, we sought to determine the relationship between the RT and CT of patients with AMD, measured in different sectors, and their visual acuity. Methods: The study included 104 eyes from 74 participants with dry AMD, 119 eyes from 86 participants with wet AMD, and 85 eyes from 53 healthy controls. Of the participants with wet AMD, 87 eyes received anti-VEGF treatment, 13 were treatment naïve, and 19 had incomplete data. The analyzed measurements were taken in the central area of 3 mm in diameter and two peripheral rings located between 3–9 mm and 9–18 mm diameters. Results. There was no significant variation in the RT in any sector between the three study groups. CT in dry and wet AMD cohorts was significantly lower compared to controls in every sector. Patients with treatment-naïve wet AMD did not demonstrate significant CT loss but had a tendency for lower CT values. Visual impairment in patients with AMD correlated with older age in both subgroups and with smaller RT in the dry AMD subgroup. Conclusions: Values of RT and CT obtained at the mid- and far-periphery with UWF-OCT generally reflect the alterations observed in AMD in the central part of the posterior pole. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment might contribute to loss of choroidal tissue observed in AMD in every sector.
Biomarker Insights: Evaluation of Presepsin, Apelin, and Irisin Levels in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Canpolat-Erkan Revsa Evin , Tekin Recep , Sula Bilal
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin disease caused by Leishmania parasites. Presepsin, irisin, and apelin are biomarkers that are involved in the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum levels of specific biomarkers, such as presepsin, apelin, and irisin, and the clinical features, location, number, and size of lesions in patients with CL. Methods: This study is a single-centre, prospective cohort study involving a total of 30 patients with skin lesions compatible with CL and 30 healthy matched controls. Age, sex, type of skin lesion, location of skin lesion, number of skin lesions, and diameter of skin lesions were recorded. The levels of presepsin, irisin, and apelin measured in the blood samples of the patient group were analysed in comparison to those in the healthy control group. Results: The findings revealed that presepsin levels were significantly elevated in the patient group compared to the controls (p = 0.000). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for irisin and apelin levels (p-values 0.096 and 0.836, respectively). A negative correlation was identified between presepsin levels and the number of skin lesions, the diameter of the largest lesion, and the total diameter of the lesions (p = 0.000). Conclusions: It appears that measuring presepsin levels in patients with CL may be beneficial. Presepsin has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker in CL, offering significant benefits in guiding clinicians in assessing disease progression and response to treatment.
Sample Augmentation Using Enhanced Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network by Transformer for Railway Freight Train Wheelset Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Junfeng , Yuan Zonghao , Mu Tianming , Ma Zengqiang , Liu Suyan
Published: December 2024

Diagnosing faults in wheelset bearings is critical for train safety. The main challenge is that only a limited amount of fault sample data can be obtained during high-speed train operations. This scarcity of samples impacts the training and accuracy of deep learning models for wheelset bearing fault diagnosis. Studies show that the Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) demonstrates promising performance in addressing this issue. However, existing ACGAN models have drawbacks such as complexity, high computational expenses, mode collapse, and vanishing gradients. Aiming to address these issues, this paper presents the Transformer and Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (TACGAN), which increases the diversity, complexity and entropy of generated samples, and maximizes the entropy of the generated samples. The transformer network replaces traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), avoiding iterative and convolutional structures, thereby reducing computational expenses. Moreover, an independent classifier is integrated to prevent the coupling problem, where the discriminator is simultaneously identified and classified in the ACGAN. Finally, the Wasserstein distance is employed in the loss function to mitigate mode collapse and vanishing gradients. Experimental results using the train wheelset bearing datasets demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the TACGAN.
Control Strategy for Bus Voltage in a Wind–Solar DC Microgrid Incorporating Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xianqi , He Ye , Li Maojun
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the DC bus voltage instability problem resulting from the stochastic nature of distributed energy output and load fluctuation, an Integral Sliding Mode Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ISMLADRC) combined with Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for energy storage bi-directional DC–DC converter is proposed based on the wind–solar-storage DC microgrid system. The proposed method utilizes a dual closed-loop control structure, employing a two-step MPC approach in the inner current loop to enhance the system’s dynamic response performance. Secondly, the integral sliding mode control algorithm is embedded into the Linear Active Disturbance Rejection (LADRC) technique, based on which the outer voltage loop ISMLADRC controller is designed to mitigate the impact of disturbances on the bus voltage effectively, and the system’s anti-disturbance performance and robustness are improved. Considering that the parameters of the ISMLADRC controller are too many to be tuned, and in order to give full play to the performance of the controller, an Improved Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm (IDBO) is used to tune the parameters. Finally, based on MATLAB 2022b and RT-LAB 2021.3 platforms, the simulation results show that in a variety of operating conditions, the proposed control strategy can flexibly regulate the bidirectional transmission of battery energy, and the bus voltage recovery time is within 0.1 s, and the voltage fluctuation is less than 0.5%.
Analysis of the Effects of Biomass Stabilization Under Varying Thermal Conditions with Respect to the Quality Characteristics of Compost Transformation Products
Authors: Adamski Mariusz , Herkowiak Marcin , Marek Przemysław , Klimek Kamila E. , Kapłan Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of thermal conditions and the presence of biomass in the chamber on the composting process. The work analyzed the process of the aerobic decomposition of grass, the inoculating fraction and the structure-forming fraction. The analysis covered the batch composting process using veterinary biomass in the treatment chamber. Observations of the process included the following: determining the rate of mineralization, process temperatures, pH, process gas concentrations, chemical composition, physical properties of the compost, and the maturity of the compost. In all analyzed samples, the composting process works correctly in terms of thermal parameters; the obtained fresh compost, after the thermophilic phase has ended, requires action be taken with reference to the values of the seed generation index and the respiration activity (AT4) parameter. After the thermophilic phase, after 60 days of composting, it was noted that for P1 (Probe 1) and P2 (Probe 2) mixtures, the seed germination level decreased below 10%. The AT4 parameter for the P1 and P2 compost samples was between 29.8 and 26.2 mg O2∙g−1. The improvement of the germination level to values in the 30% to 40% range for the maturing compost samples was caused by the thermal conversion of biomass with the regulation of air and water conditions. The phytotoxicity of the compost was overcome, while an improvement in the value of the AT4 index was achieved.
Research on the Torque Density Optimization of a Semi-Embedded Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Based on the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Magnetic Pole Offset
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Dongrui , Xing Zuoxia , Sun Changjie
Published: December 2024

To improve the torque density (TD) of a permanent magnet wind turbine (PMWT), this paper proposes a magnetic pole offset semi-embedded structure based on the traditional semi-embedded structure. Firstly, the principle of how magnetic pole offset can increase the torque is explained. Then, based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), the ratio k of the inner and outer diameters of the stator is optimized to make the motor quality and efficiency reach the best state. On this basis, the TD is further optimized by utilizing the magnetic pole offset angle. The results show that when the magnetic pole offset angle is 0.5°, the TD reaches the maximum value of 13.95 Nm/kg, with an increase of 3.33%. Finally, the no-load performance and load performance of the two structures are compared to highlight the advantages of the magnetic pole offset structure.
Assessing the Potential of Hybrid Systems with Batteries, Fuel Cells and E-Fuels for Onboard Generation and Propulsion in Pleasure Vessels
Authors: Pasini Gianluca , Bollentini Filippo , Tocchi Federico , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Electro-fuels (E-fuels) represent a potential solution for decarbonizing the maritime sector, including pleasure vessels. Due to their large energy requirements, direct electrification is not currently feasible. E-fuels, such as synthetic diesel, methanol, ammonia, methane and hydrogen, can be used in existing internal combustion engines or fuel cells in hybrid configurations with lithium batteries to provide propulsion and onboard electricity. This study confirms that there is no clear winner in terms of efficiency (the power-to-power efficiency of all simulated cases ranges from 10% to 30%), and the choice will likely be driven by other factors such as fuel cost, onboard volume/mass requirements and distribution infrastructure. Pure hydrogen is not a practical option due to its large storage necessity, while methanol requires double the storage volume compared to current fossil fuel solutions. Synthetic diesel is the most straightforward option, as it can directly replace fossil diesel, and should be compared with biofuels. CO2 emissions from E-fuels strongly depend on the electricity source used for their synthesis. With Italy’s current electricity mix, E-fuels would have higher impacts than fossil diesel, with potential increases between +30% and +100% in net total CO2 emissions. However, as the penetration of renewable energy increases in electricity generation, associated E-fuel emissions will decrease: a turning point is around 150 gCO2/kWhel.