bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of sleep restriction on local immune response and skin barrier restoration with and without “multinutrient” nutrition intervention
Authors: Smith Tracey J. , Wilson Marques , Karl J. Philip , Orr Jeb , Smith Carl , Cooper Adam , Heaton Kristin , Young Andrew J. , Montain Scott J.
Published: September 2017

Systemic immune function is impaired by sleep restriction. However, the impact of sleep restriction on local immune responses and to what extent any impairment can be mitigated by nutritional supplementation is unknown. We assessed the effect of 72-h sleep restriction (2-h nightly sleep) on local immune function and skin barrier restoration of an experimental wound, and determined the influence of habitual protein intake (1.5 g·kg−1·day−1) supplemented with arginine, glutamine, zinc sulfate, vitamin C, vitamin D3, and omega-3 fatty acids compared with lower protein intake (0.8 g·kg−1·day−1) without supplemental nutrients on these outcomes. Wounds were created in healthy adults by removing the top layer of less than or equal to eight forearm blisters induced via suction, after adequate sleep (AS) or 48 h of a 72-h sleep restriction period (SR; 2-h nightly sleep). A subset of participants undergoing sleep restriction received supplemental nutrients during and after sleep restriction (SR+). Wound fluid was serially sampled 48 h postblistering to assess local cytokine responses. The IL-8 response of wound fluid was higher for AS compared with SR [area-under-the-curve (log10), 5.1 ± 0.2 and 4.9 ± 0.2 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.03]; and both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were higher for SR+ compared with SR ( P < 0.0001), suggestive of a potentially enhanced early wound healing response. Skin barrier recovery was shorter for AS (4.2 ± 0.9 days) compared with SR (5.0 ± 0.9 days) ( P = 0.02) but did not differ between SR and SR+ ( P = 0.18). Relatively modest sleep disruption delays wound healing. Supplemental nutrition may mitigate some decrements in local immune responses, without detectable effects on wound healing rate.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The data herein characterizes immune function in response to sleep restriction in healthy volunteers with and without nutrition supplementation. We used a unique skin wound model to show that sleep restriction delays skin barrier recovery, and nutrition supplementation attenuates decrements in local immune responses produced by sleep restriction. These findings support the beneficial effects of adequate sleep on immune function. Additional studies are necessary to characterize practical implications for populations where sleep restriction is unavoidable.
Genetics of hypertension: an assessment of progress in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Doris Peter A.
Published: September 2017

The application of gene mapping methods to uncover the genetic basis of hypertension in the inbred spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) began over 25 yr ago. This animal provides a useful model of genetic high blood pressure, and some of its features are described. In particular, it appears to be a polygenic model of disease, and polygenes participate in human hypertension genetic risk. The SHR hypertension alleles were fixed rapidly by selective breeding in just a few generations and so are presumably common genetic variants present in the outbred Wistar strain from which SHR was created. This review provides a background to the origins and genesis of this rat line. It considers its usefulness as a model organism for a common cardiovascular disease. The progress and obstacles facing mapping are considered in depth, as are the emergence and application of other genome-wide genetic discovery approaches that have been applied to investigate this model. Candidate genes, their identification, and the evidence to support their potential role in blood pressure elevation are considered. The review assesses the progress that has arisen from this work has been limited. Consideration is given to some of the factors that have impeded progress, and prospects for advancing understanding of the genetic basis of hypertension in this model are discussed.
A Combination RNAi-Chemotherapy Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle for Systemic Targeting of KRAS/P53 with Cisplatin to Treat Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gu Li , Deng Zhou J. , Roy Sweta , Hammond Paula T.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Mutation of the Kirsten ras sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and loss of p53 function are commonly seen in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining therapeutics targeting these tumor-defensive pathways with cisplatin in a single-nanoparticle platform are rarely developed in clinic.

Experimental Design: Cisplatin was encapsulated in liposomes, which multiple polyelectrolyte layers, including siKRAS and miR-34a were built on to generate multifunctional layer-by-layer nanoparticle. Structure, size, and surface charge were characterized, in addition to in vitro toxicity studies. In vivo tumor targeting and therapy was investigated in an orthotopic lung cancer model by microCT, fluorescence imaging, and immunohistochemistry.

Results: The singular nanoscale formulation, incorporating oncogene siKRAS, tumor-suppressor stimulating miR-34a, and cisplatin, has shown enhanced toxicity against lung cancer cell line, KP cell. In vivo, systemic delivery of the nanoparticles indicated a preferential uptake in lung of the tumor-bearing mice. Efficacy studies indicated prolonged survival of mice from the combination treatment.

Conclusions: The combination RNA-chemotherapy in an LbL formulation provides an enhanced treatment efficacy against NSCLC, indicating promising potential in clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7312–23. ©2017 AACR.
Role of Body Mass Index in Acute Kidney Injury Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zou Zhouping , Zhuang Yamin , Liu Lan , Shen Bo , Xu Jiarui , Luo Zhe , Teng Jie , Wang Chunsheng , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: To explore the association of body mass index (BMI) with the risk of developing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery (CS-AKI) and for AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT) after cardiac surgery. Methods: Clinical data of 8,455 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including demographic preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Patients were divided into underweight (BMI <18.5), normal weight (18.5≤ BMI <24), overweight (24≤ BMI <28), and obese (BMI ≥28) groups. The influence of BMI on CS-AKI incidence, duration of hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) stays as well as AKI-related mortality was analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.2 ± 13.9 years. The overall CS-AKI incidence was 33.8% (n = 2,855) with a hospital mortality of 5.4% (n = 154). The incidence of AKI-RRT was 5.2% (n = 148) with a mortality of 54.1% (n = 80). For underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese cardiac surgery patients, the AKI incidences were 29.9, 31.0, 36.5, and 46.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). The hospital mortality of AKI patients in the 4 groups was 9.5, 6.0, 3.8, and 4.3%, whereas the hospital mortality of AKI-RRT patients in the 4 groups was 69.2, 60.8, 36.4, and 58.8%, both significantly different (p < 0.05). Hospital and ICU stay durations were not significantly different in the 4 BMI groups. Conclusion: The hospital prognosis of AKI and AKI-RRT patients after cardiac surgery was best when their BMI was in the 24-28 range.
An Uncommon Presentation of a Metachronous Testicular Primary Nonseminoma and Seminoma Separated by Two Decades and a Testicular Cancer Literature Review
Authors: Buck Dennis Andrew , Smith Tristan Dean , Montana Wilbur Nelson
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men aged 15–40 years [Bols et al.: Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011]. Its incidence comprises 0.8% of all male cancers worldwide, with a mortality rate of 0.1%. The incidence has nearly doubled from 1975 to 2007 leading to the concern of environmental causes [Thomas: Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178: 1240–1245]. Testicular cancer presents as a painless testicular mass without transillumination. Testicular cancer is subcategorized under germ cell testicular cancer or sex cord-stromal tumors. Of the germ cell tumors, approximately 90% originate in the testis, with the other 10% being extragonadal [Bols et al.: Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011]. Typically, if a patient presents with a testicular mass and is 50 years old or older, the diagnosis of a primary lymphoma is considered until proven otherwise [Bols et al.: Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011]. Germ cell testicular cancer is further divided into the subtypes of seminomatous and nonseminomatous; each presents with a unique histology and differing treatment implications. Discussion: Given the uniqueness of our patient’s metachronous second testicular primary, we sought to compare our case findings to available historic publications. We sought to address the issues of the incidence of a second primary testicular malignancy with regard to varying histology, age of incidence, and timing of a second primary testicular cancer, the presence of bowel involvement, and finally a brief discussion of testosterone replacement therapy. Conclusion: A review of our case presents several unique factors. The above varying literature has shown our patient to have met the odds of a contralateral testicular primary development in that he had a nonseminomatous primary, followed by a second testicular primary seminoma. Our patient exceeded the 15-year cumulative risk of contralateral metachronous testicular cancer of 1.9% versus the seemingly contradictory 5.2% cumulative risk 25 years after the first testicular germ cell tumor. With his second primary (seminoma), he presented with the common retroperitoneal landing zone site, though with an uncommon involvement of the gastrointestinal tract (<1%) and rare incidence of involving the duodenum.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis: A Review
Authors: Borow Kenneth M. , Mason R. Preston , Vijayaraghavan Krishnaswami
Published: September 2017

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis have excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden with substantially increased CV event rates compared with the general population. Summary: Traditional interventions that, according to standard clinical guidelines, reduce CV risk such as antihypertensive therapy, diet, exercise, and statins are not similarly effective in the hemodialysis population. This raises the question of whether additional risk factors, such as enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, may drive the increased CVD burden in hemodialysis patients. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is incorporated into the atherosclerotic plaque as well as membrane phospholipid bilayers and produces beneficial effects on inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. EPA levels and the ratio of EPA to the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) are reduced in hemodialysis patients. Serum EPA levels have been inversely correlated with proinflammatory cytokines, and the EPA/AA ratio has been inversely associated with CV events in hemodialysis cohorts. Three recent studies involving over 800 hemodialysis patients and follow-up of 2-3 years suggest that EPA therapy may improve clinical outcomes in this patient population as evidenced by significant reductions in cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and/or CV events. Key Messages: Further studies with high-purity EPA are warranted in patients on hemodialysis, especially given the fact that other interventions including antihypertensives, diet, exercise, and statins have not provided meaningful benefit.
Successful Topical Treatment of Pigmented Purpuric Lichenoid Dermatitis of Gougerot-Blum in a Young Patient: A Case Report and Summary of the Most Common Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses
Authors: Risikesan Jeyanthini , Sommerlund Mette , Ramsing Mette , Kristensen Mattias , Koppelhus Uffe
Published: September 2017

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented a rash with reddish-brown patches on the trunk and extremities indicative of pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis of Gougerot-Blum (PPLD). The histological findings were characteristic for PPLD, thus supporting the diagnosis. Topically administered corticosteroid led to a fast resolution of all symptoms. PPLD is not seen commonly in young patients and is most often described as responding poorly to treatment with topical corticosteroids. However, the case presented here shows both that PPLD can be seen in adolescence and that the condition may be treated successfully with an intense regime of topical corticosteroids. PPLD belongs to the group of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The 5 most common pigmented purpuric dermatoses are summarized with respect to their clinical and paraclinical characteristics.
Preoperative Diagnosis and Surgical Approach of Appendiceal Mucinous Cystadenoma: Usefulness of Volcano Sign
Authors: Shiihara Masahiro , Ohki Takeshi , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: September 2017

We report a case of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma that was successfully diagnosed preoperatively and treated by laparoscopic resection. We could find volcano sign on colonoscopy and cystic lesion without any nodules at the appendix on computed tomography (CT). Without any malignant factors in preoperative examinations, we performed laparoscopic appendectomy including the cecal wall. We could avoid performing excessive operation for cystadenoma with accurate preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative finding and pathological diagnosis during surgery. Appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease that is divided into 3 pathological types: hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma. The surgical approaches for it remain controversial and oversurgery is sometimes done for benign tumor, because preoperative diagnosis is difficult and rupturing an appendiceal tumor results in dissemination. Based on our study, volcano sign on colonoscopy and CT findings were important for the preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele. Furthermore, we think that laparoscopic resection will become a surgical option for the treatment of appendiceal mucocele.
Novel Distal Emboli Protection Technology: The EmboTrap
Authors: Chueh Ju-Yu , Marosfoi Miklos G. , Brooks Olivia W. , King Robert M. , Puri Ajit S. , Gounis Matthew J.
Published: September 2017

Background: Over the course of the thrombectomy procedure, clot fragments may become dislodged and lead to downstream emboli due to manipulation of an endovascular device. The EmboTrap thrombectomy system features an inner stent channel with an outer stent trap design that may potentially reduce the risk of distal clot fragmentation during clot removal. We tested the hypothesis that distal emboli to both the same and new territory generated during mechanical thrombectomy are a function of device design. Methods: EmboTrap and Solitaire thrombectomy were conducted in an in vitro model system that mimicked a middle-cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion within a complete circle of Willis vascular replica and a contrast-enhanced clot analog. Emboli generated during the procedure with a size >1,000 μm were collected and measured with calipers. The Coulter principle was used to characterize emboli with a size between 200 and 1,000 µm. Results: EmboTrap thrombectomy resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of large emboli (>1,000 μm) formation as compared to first-generation stent retriever thrombectomy (p = 0.031, Fisher exact test). The majority of emboli >1,000 μm (∼80%) were found in the MCA, regardless of device type. There was no significant difference between the EmboTrap and Solitaire in 200 to 1,000 μm emboli formation (p = 0.89, Mann-Whitney test). When combining all emboli in the most dangerous range (>200 μm), EmboTrap offered a size reduction of emboli (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The risk of distal embolization can be altered with improved stent retriever design. When encountering fragment-prone clots, EmboTrap thrombectomy may lower the risk of distal embolization.
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Oleaceae
Authors: Akemi-Borges Isabela , Pirani José Rubens
Published: September 2017

O estudo da família Oleaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta família está representada naquela área por uma só espécie, Chionanthus crassifolius (Mart.) P.S.Green. São apresentadas descrição, ilustrações e comentários sobre a sua variabilidade e distribuição geográfica.
Ericaceae no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Cabral Andressa , Romão Gerson Oliveira , Menini Neto Luiz
Published: September 2017

Apresenta-se um estudo taxonômico de Ericaceae do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB), localizado na Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O PEIB é composto por um mosaico de vegetação do qual o campo rupestre compõe a fitofisionomia predominante. Foram registradas na área 18 táxons pertencentes a 17 espécies e três gêneros: Agarista chlorantha, A. ericoides, A. glaberrima, A. hispidula, A. oleifolia var. oleifolia, A. pulchella var. cordifolia, Gaultheria eriophylla var. eriophylla, Gaylussacia amoena, G. brasiliensis var. brasiliensis, G. chamissonis, G. decipiens, G. densa var. densa, G. densa var. oblonga, G. aff. fasciculata, G. pseudogaultheria, G. salicifolia, G. rhododendron e G. riedelii. Agarista ericoides, Gaylussacia riedelii e G. aff. fasciculata foram registradas pela primeira vez para o domínio da Floresta Atlântica. São apresentadas descrições das espécies, chaves de identificação, ilustrações de caracteres e comentários sobre distribuição geográfica, fenologia e taxonomia.
D-Dimer in African Americans
Authors: Raffield Laura M. , Zakai Neil A. , Duan Qing , Laurie Cecelia , Smith Joshua D. , Irvin Marguerite R. , Doyle Margaret F. , Naik Rakhi P. , Song Ci , Manichaikul Ani W. , Liu Yongmei , Durda Peter , Rotter Jerome I. , Jenny Nancy S. , Rich Stephen S. , Wilson James G. , Johnson Andrew D. , Correa Adolfo , Li Yun , Nickerson Deborah A. , Rice Kenneth , Lange Ethan M. , Cushman Mary , Lange Leslie A. , Reiner Alex P.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

Plasma levels of the fibrinogen degradation product D-dimer are higher among African Americans (AAs) compared with those of European ancestry and higher among women compared with men. Among AAs, little is known of the genetic architecture of D-dimer or the relationship of D-dimer to incident cardiovascular disease.

Approach and Results—

We measured baseline D-dimer in 4163 AAs aged 21 to 93 years from the prospective JHS (Jackson Heart Study) cohort and assessed association with incident cardiovascular disease events. In participants with whole genome sequencing data (n=2980), we evaluated common and rare genetic variants for association with D-dimer. Each standard deviation higher baseline D-dimer was associated with a 20% to 30% increased hazard for incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Genetic variation near
F3
was associated with higher D-dimer (rs2022030, β=0.284,
P
=3.24×10
–11
). The rs2022030 effect size was nearly 3× larger among women (β=0.373,
P
=9.06×10
–13
) than among men (β=0.135,
P
=0.06;
P
interaction =0.009). The sex by rs2022030 interaction was replicated in an independent sample of 10 808 multiethnic men and women (
P
interaction =0.001). Finally, the African ancestral sickle cell variant (
HBB
rs334) was significantly associated with higher D-dimer in JHS (β=0.507,
P
=1.41×10
–14
), and this association was successfully replicated in 1933 AAs (
P
=2.3×10
–5
).

Conclusions—

These results highlight D-dimer as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in AAs and suggest that sex-specific and African ancestral genetic effects of the
F3
and
HBB
loci contribute to the higher levels of D-dimer among women and AAs.
Cortical Bone Stem Cell Therapy Preserves Cardiac Structure and Function After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sharp Thomas E. , Schena Giana J. , Hobby Alexander R. , Starosta Timothy , Berretta Remus M. , Wallner Markus , Borghetti Giulia , Gross Polina , Yu Daohai , Johnson Jaslyn , Feldsott Eric , Trappanese Danielle M. , Toib Amir , Rabinowitz Joseph E. , George Jon C. , Kubo Hajime , Mohsin Sadia , Houser Steven R.
Published: September 2017

Rationale:

Cortical bone stem cells (CBSCs) have been shown to reduce ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in a murine myocardial infarction (MI) model. These effects were superior to other stem cell types that have been used in recent early-stage clinical trials. However, CBSC efficacy has not been tested in a preclinical large animal model using approaches that could be applied to patients.

Objective:

To determine whether post-MI transendocardial injection of allogeneic CBSCs reduces pathological structural and functional remodeling and prevents the development of heart failure in a swine MI model.

Methods and Results:

Female Göttingen swine underwent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion (ischemia–reperfusion MI). Animals received, in a randomized, blinded manner, 1:1 ratio, CBSCs (n=9; 2×10
7
cells total) or placebo (vehicle; n=9) through NOGA-guided transendocardial injections. 5–ethynyl–2′deoxyuridine (EdU)—a thymidine analog—containing minipumps were inserted at the time of MI induction. At 72 hours (n=8), initial injury and cell retention were assessed. At 3 months post-MI, cardiac structure and function were evaluated by serial echocardiography and terminal invasive hemodynamics. CBSCs were present in the MI border zone and proliferating at 72 hours post-MI but had no effect on initial cardiac injury or structure. At 3 months, CBSC-treated hearts had significantly reduced scar size, smaller myocytes, and increased myocyte nuclear density. Noninvasive echocardiographic measurements showed that left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were significantly more preserved in CBSC-treated hearts, and invasive hemodynamic measurements documented improved cardiac structure and functional reserve. The number of EdU
+
cardiac myocytes was increased in CBSC- versus vehicle- treated animals.

Conclusions:

CBSC administration into the MI border zone reduces pathological cardiac structural and functional remodeling and improves left ventricular functional reserve. These effects reduce those processes that can lead to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Reciprocal Interference Between Audition and Touch in the Perception of Duration
Authors: Villanueva Lia , Zampini Massimiliano
Published: September 2017

Audition and touch interact with one another and share a number of similarities; however, little is known about their interplay in the perception of temporal duration. The present study intended to investigate whether the temporal duration of an irrelevant auditory or tactile stimulus could modulate the perceived duration of a target stimulus presented in the other modality (i.e., tactile or auditory) adopting both a between-participants (Experiment 1) and a within-participants (Experiment 2) experimental design. In a two-alternative forced-choice task, participants decided which of two events in a target modality was longer. The simultaneously distractor stimuli were presented with a duration that was either congruent or incongruent to the target’s. Results showed that both the auditory and tactile modalities affected duration judgments in the incongruent condition, decreasing performance in both experiments. Moreover, in Experiment 1, the tactile modality enhanced the perception of auditory stimuli in the congruent condition, but audition did not facilitate performance for the congruent condition in the tactile modality; this tactile enhancement of audition was not found in Experiment 2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting audiotactile interactions in the perception of duration, and suggests that audition and touch might modulate one another in a more balanced manner, in contrast to audiovisual pairings. The findings support previous evidence as to the shared links and reciprocal influences when audition and touch interact with one another.
The tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae, Crotonoideae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil
Authors: SODRÉ RODOLFO C. , BERRY PAUL E. , DA SILVA MARCOS J.
Published: September 2017

Crotoneae comprises six genera, of which Astraea, Brasiliocroton, Croton, Sagotia and Sandwithia all occur in Brazil. This tribe needs study because it is morphologically diverse, poorly known taxonomically and has numerous species in need of lectotypification, particularly Croton, the largest genus with over 1200 species. We present here the taxonomic treatment for the representatives of Crotoneae occurring in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil, one of the best preserved areas of the Cerrado phytogeographic domain with high levels of plant endemism. The study is based on monthly collections made from January 2012 to March 2016, consultations of collections from herbaria CEN, IBGE, UB and UFG, and review of pertinent literature. Thirty five species are recognized, 33 of which belong to Croton and two to Astraea. Seven of these constitute new records for Goiás State, nine are illustrated for the first time, and four have their descriptions revised. Additionally, keys to identify the studied taxa, descriptions with comments on geographic distribution, habitat, morphological relationships, flowering period and fruiting and maps, and illustrations for 34 of the 35 species recorded and images for 29 of them are provided, as well as five synonymizations, 17 lectotypifications and three second step lectotypifications.
New and newly recorded species of Psathyrella (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China
Authors: YAN JUN-QING , BAU TOLGOR
Published: September 2017

Four species of Psathyrella—P. subspadiceogrisea sp. nov., P. boreifasciculata, P. gordonii, P. senex were discovered in northeast China. P. subspadiceogrisea is described as new from Changbai Mountain; the other three species are recorded in China for the first time. The specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of ITS sequences. Detailed morphological descriptions, line drawings and photographs are presented.
Do we have different varieties in Acer velutinum (Sapindaceae): Morphological and molecular studies
Authors: SIAHKOLAEE SEDIGHEH NIKZAT , SHEIDAI MASOUD , ASSADI MOSTAFA , NOORMOHAMMADI ZAHRA
Published: September 2017

The genus Acer L. has about 156 species which are distributed in Asia, Europe, Northern Africa and North America. The species of Acer show extensive morphological and molecular diversity and the species that co-occur may hybridize; therefore, sometimes the species delimitation turns out to be difficult. Eight Acer (maple) species have been reported in Iran. The velvet maple—Acer velutinum Boiss (1846: 28)—is one of the largest maples in the world and the most frequent maple species in Iran. Morphologically speaking, two varieties have been cited for this species. Due to the extensive morphological variability, however, the researchers encounter difficulty delimiting these two varieties. Against this backdrop, the present study was performed with the aim to delimit two varieties of Acer velutinum by using both morphological and molecular approaches. It also aimed to proffer data on the genetic diversity of this species in the country. Nighty-four plant specimens of A. velutinum were randomly collected within 14 geographical populations at four provinces in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The PsbA-trnHGUG intergenic spacer sequence of cp-DNA and the ISSR molecular markers along with the morphometric analysis and image analysis of the leaf shape were used. The numerical and phylogenetic analyses of the tree specimens from the presumed varieties of A. velutinum—based on morphology, image analysis of leaf shape, ISSR and cp-DNA—did not delimit these varieties; hence, A. velutinum was considered to have a high level of intergrading morphological variability. The population genetic study revealed significant molecular differences among the studied populations. The STRUCTURE plot and gene flow analysis (Nm), nevertheless, revealed some degree of shared alleles among the populations. The Mantel tests demonstrated significant correlation between the geographical and genetic distance of the studied populations; it further signaled the fact that the gene flow occurred mainly between the coterminous populations.
Gyrodon suthepensis (Boletales, Basidiomycota), a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from northern Thailand and its ecomycorhizal association
Authors: KUMLA JATURONG , SUWANNARACH NAKARIN , VADTHANARAT SANTHITI , LUMYONG SAISAMORN
Published: September 2017

A new ectomycorrhizal fungus, Gyrodon suthepensis, is described based on collections from northern Thailand. It can be distinguished from the previously described Gyrodon species by the morphological characteristics. The molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA confirms the position of the new species within the family Paxillaceae. The full description, color photographs, illustrations and the phylogenetic tree to show the position of G. suthepensis are provided. The new species grows in association with the ectomycorrhizal tree Betula alnoides, and the morphology and anatomy of mycorrhizas are described. Moreover, the identification of mycorrhizal association of G. suthepensis was confirmed by molecular methods.
Lectotypification of three names in Carex subg. Vigneastra (Cyperaceae) from Asia
Authors: BI HAI-YAN , ZHANG SHU-REN
Published: September 2017

Three names of Carex Linnaeus (1753: 972) (Cyperaceae), namely Carex composita Boott (1858: 3), Carex myosurus Nees in Wight (1834: 122), Carex stramentitia Boott ex Boeckeler (1876: 351) are lectotypified as a part of the revision of Carex subg. Vigneastra (Tuckerman 1843: 10) Kükenthal (1899: 516) for the Flora of Pan-Himalaya.
A new species of Molineus (Nematoda: Molineidae) parasite of Procyon lotor (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Mexico with a taxonomic key for the species of the genus
Authors: MARROQUÍN-MUCIÑO MARIO , OSORIO-SARABIA DAVID , GARCÍA-PRIETO LUIS , MATA-LÓPEZ ROSARIO
Published: September 2017

Molineus lotoris n. sp., parasite of the intestine of the raccoon Procyon lotor collected in Mexico is described and illustrated. The new species can be differentiated from the 27 species included in Molineus by a combination of traits: presence of a prominent and globular cephalic vesicle; spicules with 2 terminal processes, measuring 0.099–0.115 in length and by the number of synlophe ridges at mid-body level of males (17). In addition, a taxonomic key for the species included in Molineus is presented. Finally, some other nematode species collected in raccoons from several localities of Mexico are recorded, including two species not reported for this host in this country: Cameronecator urichi and Aonchotheca (Aonchotheca) putorii.
A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)
Authors: WORTHY ROBERT , GONZÁLEZ JORGE M. , LAMAS GERARDO
Published: September 2017

The giant butterfly-moths (Castniidae: Castniinae) are distributed in the Neotropics from Mexico, throughout Central America, down to South America reaching Argentina and Chile. Among the highly diverse genera, Haemonides Hübner is particularly striking due to the white or cream ground colour of their wings outlined with black margins which give it a vague resemblance to some species of Pieridae. Several species and subspecies have been described but research studies and information on the genus are scarce and in some cases confusing. In this work, the genus Haemonides, restricted to South America, is revised and the diagnostic phenotypic characteristics of males and females, as well as male genitalia are illustrated. Details on its history, biogeography and biology are included with the purpose of solving the confusion in identifying the species of the genus. A neotype is designated for Papilio cronis Cramer and a lectotype for Castnia cronida Herrich-Schäffer. A new subspecies H. cronis vinciguerrrai ssp. nov. is described. Other taxa are revised and their taxonomic and nomenclatural status clarified.
A new species of frog of the genus Abavorana Oliver, Prendini, Kraus & Raxworthy 2015 (Anura: Ranidae) from Gunung Jerai, Kedah, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: QUAH EVAN S.H. , ANUAR SHAHRULM.S. , GRISMER L.L. , WOOD PERRY L. JR. , AZIZAH SITI M.N. , MUIN MOHD ABDUL
Published: September 2017

The recently erected ranid genus Abavorana is thought to contain one nominal species, A. luctuosa, that ranges from the Thai-Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra. A melanistic form from Gunung Jerai, Peninsular Malaysia previously thought to be the same species is new to science and herein described based on new specimens and data. Based on morphology, colour pattern, and phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial genes 16s, ND1 and three tRNAs (tRNA-leu, tRNA-lle, and tRNA-gln), we determine that this new species, Abavorana nazgul sp. nov., is the sister lineage to other populations of A. lucutosa from Peninsular Malaysia and one from Borneo. It differs from A. luctuosa by a minimum sequence divergence of 7.5% and the following combination of morphological and colour pattern characteristics: (1) SVL 42.1–50.0 mm in adult males; (2) prominent but small humeral glands in males (2.3–2.5 mm); (3) dorsolateral stripe continuous, orange to yellow in colour; (4) mid-dorsal region of dorsum black, with or without faint orange or yellow speckles; (5) flanks with distinct cream spots; (6) dorsal surfaces of limbs with cream spots–bar; and (7) venter grayish brown, with prominent light spots on throat and belly. The discovery of yet another endemic species from the upland regions of Peninsular Malaysia highlights the rich diversity of these habitats and the need for more studies in montane areas throughout the region.
A new species of Eumeces Wiegmann 1834 (Sauria: Scincidae) from Iran
Authors: FAIZI HIVA , RASTEGAR-POUYANI NASRULLAH , RASTEGAR-POUYANI ESKANDAR , NAZAROV ROMAN , HEIDARI NASTARAN , ZANGI BAHMAN , ORLOVA VALENTINA , POYARKOV NIKOLAI
Published: September 2017

We describe a new species of skink in the genus Eumeces Wiegmann 1834 from Iran. Eumeces persicus sp. nov. is a medium-sized skink, distinguished by two clear, wide, and brown lateral lines extending from the ear opening to the hindlimbs, with scattered light orange spots, and two median rows of dorsal scales broadly enlarged in eight longitudinal rows. The new species ranges from southern Tehran to Kerman Province along the eastern slopes of the Zagros Mountains towards the Iranian plateau. We provide morphological comparisons of the new species with other Eumeces species from the region and molecular analyses of two mitochondrial markers (16S and Cytb). We also present taxonomic and phylogenetic accounts, with an updated identification key for the genus Eumeces in Iran and surrounding regions.
A fresh look at the higher classification of the Siphonoecetini Just, 1983 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Ischyroceridae) 12: with a key to all taxa
Authors: JUST JEAN
Published: September 2017

With increased knowledge of the Amphipoda Siphonoecetini over the past 30 years, classification of this group of shallow water benthic amphipods is reappraised. The cerapodids and ericthonids are removed from the Siphonoecetini, and two new tribes, Cerapodini and Ericthonini, are diagnosed in the Ischyrocerinae. Three new subtribes, Siphonoecetina, Bubocorophiina and Caribboecetina, are proposed in the Siphonoecetini. Subgenera in Siphonoecetes, Australoecetes and Ambicholestes are elevated to full genus rank and diagnosed. Corocubanus Ortiz & Nazabal, 1984 is placed in synonymy of Caribboecetes Just, 1983. Concholestes nanshaensis Ren, 2006 is transferred to Ambicholestes Just, 1998. This concept of Siphonoecetini presently comprises 19 genera and 62 species. Keys to world taxa in the Siphonoecetini are presented.
A New Interpretation of Vortex-Split Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in Terms of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Yasuda Yuki , Bouchet Freddy , Venaille Antoine
Published: September 2017

Vortex-split sudden stratospheric warmings (S-SSWs) are investigated by using the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, a spherical barotropic quasigeostrophic (QG) model, and equilibrium statistical mechanics. The statistical mechanics theory predicts a large-scale steady state as the most probable outcome of turbulent stirring, and such a state can be computed without describing all the details of the dynamics. The theory is applied to a disk domain that is modeled on the polar cap north of 45°N in the stratosphere. The equilibrium state is obtained by computing the maximum of an entropy functional. In the range of parameters relevant to the winter stratosphere, this state is anticyclonic. By contrast, cyclonic states are quasi-stationary states corresponding to saddle points of the entropy functional. These results indicate that the mean state of the stratosphere associated with the polar vortex is not close to an equilibrium state but to a quasi-stationary state. The theoretical calculations are compared with the results of a quasi-static experiment in which a wavenumber-2 topographic amplitude is increased linearly and slowly with time. The results suggest that the S-SSW can be qualitatively interpreted as the transition from the cyclonic quasi-stationary state toward the anticyclonic equilibrium state. The polar vortex splits during the transition toward the equilibrium state.
C-reactive Protein Is Associated With Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus in US Adults
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Toth Peter P. , Banach Maciej
Published: September 2017

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased globally and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases that may be related to its association with inflammation. We have assessed whether the prevalence of the MetS correlates with a serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in a population-based sample of US men and women. Participants were selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. Of the 17 689 participants analyzed, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample (between men and women P = .047). The prevalence of MetS, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension increased across quartiles for hsCRP (all P < .001). Moreover, we found that for the age-, race-, sex-, and smoking-adjusted logistic regression, with increasing hsCRP, the risk of having MetS increased with an odds ratio of 5.20 (95% confidence interval, 4.54-5.93, P < .001) when comparing the highest quartile of serum hsCRP with the lowest. This study provides further evidence for an association between MetS and subclinical inflammation.
Emotional and Social Intelligence Competencies of Incident Team Commanders Fighting Wildfires
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E. , Thiel Kiko , Rochford Kylie , Black Anne
Published: September 2017

Incident Management Teams (IMTs) combat the toughest wildfires in the United States, contending with forces of nature as well as many stakeholders with different agendas. Prior literature on IMTs suggested roles and cognitive sensemaking as key elements for success, but the possible importance of emotional and social intelligence competencies in leadership has not been empirically explored. Sixty critical incidents from interviews of 15 incident commanders were analyzed for emotional and social intelligence competencies in incident management leadership. Seven competencies were found to significantly differentiate outstanding leaders from average leaders. Emotional self-control, adaptability, empathy, coach/mentor, and inspirational leadership significantly or near significantly differentiated the outstanding leaders. Five additional competencies appeared as threshold competencies: achievement orientation, organizational awareness, influence, conflict management, and teamwork. Implications for further research, training, and development are explored.
A History of the Journal of Conflict Resolution
Authors: Russett Bruce
Published: September 2017

This article examines the experience of this interdisciplinary journal dedicated to rigorous scientific research on the issues of war and peace. It opens with Journal of Conflict Resolution’s birth at the University of Michigan and then proceeds through its thirty-seven years at Yale and then to its period from 2009 to the present at the University of Maryland.
Keeping Our Best? A Survival Analysis Examining a Measure of Preservice Teacher Quality and Teacher Attrition
Authors: Vagi Robert , Pivovarova Margarita , Miedel Barnard Wendy
Published: September 2017

Preparing, recruiting, and retaining high-quality teachers into the profession has been a concern of policy makers and practitioners for some time. Teacher attrition is problematic and costly for schools and districts. However, relatively few studies have investigated the relationship between preservice teacher quality and teacher attrition. In this study, we analyze data from an apprenticeship-style teacher preparation program to understand the relationship between a measure of preservice teacher quality—student teachers’ observational scores—and their decisions to (a) enter into the profession, and (b) stay in the profession within the first 2 years after graduation. We find that more qualified student teachers are more likely to enter into the profession and stay in the profession, even after controlling for student teachers’ demographic characteristics and their academic achievement.
Sex Differences in Drop Landing
Authors: Bruton Michaela R. , Adams Roger D. , O’Dwyer Nicholas J.
Published: September 2017

We suspected that the observed inconsistency of sex differences in drop-landing motor skills might be due to the confounding factor of prior experience. Thus, in this study, we explored the role of experience in shaping male and female surfboard riders’ motor skill kinematics during drop landings while surfboard riding. We recruited 42 participants (21 females and 21 males) from three groups of surfing experience levels (competitive surfers, recreational surfers, and nonsurfers), each equally comprising seven males and seven females. Sagittal plane kinematics and vertical ground reaction force data were collected from all participants during a laboratory-based 60-cm drop-landing task. Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at initial ground contact were greater among male participants, independent of experience level. In both sexes, greater range of motion at these joints was related to greater experience. Recreational female surfers landed in a more upright posture with more extended ankle and knee angles and less ankle dorsiflexion at the end of landing than participants in all other groups. We discuss our results in the context of possible remaining experience differences between male and female participants despite being grouped in the same experience levels in our study, individualized motor patterns that may still achieve similar success, and a need for continued research.
Contralateral Associated Movements Correlate with Poorer Inhibitory Control, Attention and Visual Perception in Preschool Children
Authors: Kakebeeke Tanja H. , Messerli-Bürgy Nadine , Meyer Andrea H. , Zysset Annina E. , Stülb Kerstin , Leeger-Aschmann Claudia S. , Schmutz Einat A. , Arhab Amar , Puder Jardena J. , Kriemler Susi , Munsch Simone , Jenni Oskar G.
Published: September 2017

Contralateral associated movements (CAMs) frequently occur in complex motor tasks. We investigated whether and to what extent CAMs are associated with inhibitory control among preschool children in the Swiss Preschoolers’ Health Study. Participants were 476 healthy, typically developing children (mean age = 3.88 years; 251 boys) evaluated on two consecutive afternoons. The children performed the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, the statue subtest of the Neuropsychological Assessment for Children (NEPSY), and cognitive tests of the Intelligence and Development Scales-Preschool (IDS-P). CAMs were associated with poor inhibitory control on the statue test and poor selective attention and visual perception on the IDS-P. We attributed these findings to preschoolers’ general immaturity of the central nervous system.
Strategic group formation in agent-based simulation
Authors: Collins Andrew J. , Frydenlund Erika
Published: September 2017

Researchers tend to model people as individuals rather than as members of groups. This approach diminishes the impact of altruism and other group-supporting behaviors. For example, walkers may move slower than their capability to retain group cohesion. Current modeling approaches to capture group formation and dynamics lack the strategic elements required to model the complexity of human decision-making. Game theory provides a mechanism to introduce this strategic behavior. This article investigates strategic group formation through the introduction of cooperative game theory techniques into an agent-based model and simulation (ABMS). It shows some empirical results from this introduction. The approach requires looking at the Core instead of the more common Nash Equilibrium. The simulation outputs show some agents forming a large dominant group, much like a real-world mob. The model and results are relevant to policymakers trying to understand how humans navigate an environment through strategic social interactions.
Analyzing How Discursive Practices Affect Physicians’ Decision-Making Processes: A Phenomenological-Based Qualitative Study in Critical Care Contexts
Authors: Mortari Luigina , Silva Roberta
Published: September 2017

An intensive care unit (ICU) is a demanding environment, defined by significant complexity, in which physicians must make decisions in situations characterized by high levels of uncertainty. This study used a phenomenological approach to investigate the decision-making (DM) processes among ICU physicians’ team with the aim of understanding what happens when ICU physicians must reach a decision about the infectious status of a patient. The focus was put on the identification of how the discursive practices influence physicians’ DM processes and on how different ICU environments make different discursive profiles emerge, particularly when a key issue is at the center of the physicians’ discussion. A naturalistic approach used in this study is particularly suitable for investigating health care practices because it can best illuminate the essential meaning of the “lived experiences” of the participants. The findings revealed a common framework of elements that provide insight into DM processes in ICUs and how these are affected by discursive practices.
Variations in Seasonal Outbound Travel across the Business Cycles
Authors: Smeral Egon
Published: September 2017

This article analyses for the first time the asymmetric behavior in tourism demand by season across the business cycles based on time series and contributes herewith to a clear understanding of cyclical irregularities in tourism demand. For that reason, we study the outbound expenditures of four source markets per quarter, each understood as its own time series. In this new approach, we apply four types of demand functions showing distinct relationships only for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters. The results revealed strong evidence of asymmetric income elasticities in tourism demand by season across the business cycles. We emphasize coherently that the integration of psychological factors such as loss aversion and other quality-of-life aspects as well as economic factors like liquidity constraints, reluctant lending behavior of banks, precautionary saving, changing household behavior, and financial innovations delivers a new framework to explain asymmetric behavior in tourism demand.