bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance, adsorption and kinetic study of AgY zeolite for DBT desulfurization
Authors: Saeed Radhaa , Naife Tariq M. , Kadhim Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on preparing and evaluating AgY zeolite as an adsorbent for the desulfurization (ADS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) using a model fuel. Kinetic models and adsorption isotherms were investigated for this process. The AgY zeolite characterization was studied using XRD, BET, and XRF. XRD and XRF techniques revealed that AgY zeolite was successfully prepared with 21.42% wt. Ag. The BET results showed that the pore volume of AgY zeolite was 0.3596 cm³/g and the surface area was 531 m²/g. The desulfurization study was done with an initial sulfur content of 100–460 ppm. With 93% sulfur removal from the initial concentration of 100 ppm, ultra-deep desulfurization was achieved. The effect of contact time on the adsorption efficiency was investigated within a range of 10-120 min, and the results showed that most sulfur removal (52%) occurred after 10 minutes, while it reached 75% after 120 min with a sulfur capacity of 57.5 mg S/g. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most suitable to describe the process with R² of 99.29%, while the pseudo-second-order was the most fitted kinetic model to the data with R² of 98.57%.
Wound healing and the antimicrobial impact by using biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulrahman K. , Al Sahlanee Rasha
Published: December 2024

Chronic wound infections are a major cause of chronic wound development. This study aimed to investigate the role of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) in the growth inhibition of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) and enhancement of human foreskin cell line migration and proliferation. For this aim, Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized from the bacterial extract and characterized it with UV-Vis, EDS, FTIR, AFM and FESEM assays. In addition, investigate the antibacterial effect using the well diffusion method. as well as study the cytotoxicity effect via MTT assay and the migration of cells through the scratch wound assay for human foreskin (HFF) cell line. The results confirmed the synthesis of Fe2O3 as the UV-Vis, which showed a peak at 288 nm; EDS showed peaks that corresponded to that of Fe2O3 NPs; FTIR showed absorption of functional groups belonging to bacterial extract, while FESEM revealed the irregular agglomerated shape, and AFM showed a mean diameter of 84.45 nm for Fe2O3 NPs. The green synthesized Fe2O3 revealed an antibacterial activity on MDR bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). Moreover, a significant increase in the viability of HFF cell line in dose dependent manner leading to the enhancement of these cells to migrate and proliferate to close the scratched line in 12h of incubation under the effect of these NPs. In conclusion, the findings of the current study exhibited a successful synthesized nanoparticles Fe2O3 from bacterial extract. These NPs presented a significant antibacterial impact against MDR bacteria. Most importantly, they showed a significant biocompatibility and promoted cell viability, migration and proliferation in HFF cells. These findings point up the capability of Fe2O3 as a promising treatment for wound healing applications.
Enhancing drilling mud efficiency and environmental safety with biodegradable materials
Authors: Yahya Fadhil Elaf , Hadi Farqad
Published: December 2024

Using biodegradable chemicals such as potassium sorbate, potassium citrate, and potassium bicarbonate in drilling mud is pivotal for enhancing the rheological mud properties while addressing environmental concerns. Despite their proven success in various industries, their potential in drilling operations remains largely untapped. The presence of potassium ions in these chemicals can consider them as promising alternatives to the traditional shale inhibitors including KCl. In this study, different concentrations (1%-7%) of the selected chemicals were incorporated into the drilling mud, with varying weights (3.5g to 24.5g). These drilling muds were then subjected to different tests encompassing mud density, rheology, filtration volume, and pH. The results indicated that potassium sorbate at 7% concentration notably an increase in mud viscosity with a shear stress reading of 150 at 600 RPM. Conversely, potassium citrate exhibited similar rheological properties to KCl, with a shear stress reading of 50 at the same concentration. The results of Potassium bicarbonate are comparable to the results of KCl. Potassium sorbate significantly enhanced the mud filtration properties at 7% concentration, yielding approximately 5 ml filtrate in 7.5 minutes, while the other chemicals showed minimal impact on filtration volume even at higher concentrations. All materials maintained a pH of around 8 at elevated concentrations. This study underscores the potential of biodegradable materials in optimizing rheological mud properties for efficient and environmentally friendly drilling operations.
THE PPARG RECEPTOR AGONIST PIOGLITAZONE REDUCES PULMONARY FIBROSIS INDUCED BY BLEOMYCIN ADMINISTRATION IN MICE
Authors: Kabaliei A.V. , Izmailova O.V. , Palchyk V.V. , Shinkevich V.I. , Shlykova O.A.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis by activating the PPARG pathway of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, in particular, by administering pioglitazone. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 60 male BALB/c mice, which were divided into: 1 group of animals received bleomycin (BLM) oropharyngeally (n=35), 2 group of animals received saline (n=25) oropharyngeally. Pulmonary fibrosis was modeled in group 1: bleomycin at a concentration of 1 mg/kg pre-dissolved in 40 μL of saline for 6 days, group 2 was administered saline in a volume of 40 μL for the same period of time. 3 21 days later, the mice were separated: Group 3 OF aspiration with bleomycin combined with oral administration of pioglitazone (BLM+PGL) (n=15), Group 4 received oropharyngeal bleomycin combined with oral administration of saline (BLM+Saline) (n=15), group 5 - oral saline in combination with oral administration of pioglitazone (OP+PGL) (n=10), group 6 – oral saline in combination with oral saline (OP+SGL) (n=10). Animals of groups 3 and 4 received 40 μL of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Animals of groups 5 and 6 received 40 μL of saline orally for 14 days, respectively. On day 35, animals of all groups were euthanized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental at a dose of 250 mg/kg, and lung tissue was sampled from each animal for further determination of hydroxyproline levels and histopathological examination. Results. The obtained results demonstrate a significant decrease in the level of lung moisture, the mass ratio of the right lung. The histopathological examination significantly reduced the amount of collagen when comparing the treated group with the control group. Conclusions. Activation of PPARG receptors has a positive effect on the structure of the lungs in mice in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Pioglitazone reduces inflammation in the lungs of mice and decreases collagen content in the lung tissue.
Oprema za reguliranje mikroklime zaštićenih prostora
Authors: Benko Božidar , Fabek Uher Sanja , Radman Sanja , Opačić Nevena
Published: December 2024

Zaštićeni prostori su svi načini zaštite biljaka od nepovoljnih klimatskih uvjeta, čime se omogućava proizvodnja na određenom prostoru i u određenom vremenu dok ista ta proizvodnja nije moguća na otvorenome. Njihova je glavna svrha očuvanje topline koja se akumulira od svjetlosne energije sunca ili uvodi sustavima grijanja. Ovisno o tipu i opremljenosti, u zaštićenim je prostorima moguće do određenog stupnja regulirati pojedine vegetacijske čimbenike (temperaturu, relativnu vlagu zraka, trajanje i intenzitet osvjetljenja, koncentraciju CO2). Temeljem interakcije vegetacijskih čimbenika biljke je potrebno opskrbiti optimalnim količinama vode i hraniva kako bi se osigurali nesmetani rast i razvoj. U suvremenim zaštićenim prostorima koriste se natrijeve žarulje visokog pritiska ili LED žarulje za dopunsko osvjetljenje. Za održavanje optimalnih temperatura tijekom hladnog dijela godine koriste se sustavi grijanja toplim zrakom i toplom vodom. dok se u toplom dijelu godine koriste različite metode snižavanja temperature (ventilacija, zasjenjivanje, zamagljivanje, adijabatsko hlađenje). Obogaćivanje zraka ugljičnim dioksidom provodi se posebnim uređajima i sustavom distribucije samo tijekom sunčanih (vedrih) i hladnih dana, kad se ventilacija otvara rjeđe, samo za snižavanje relativne vlage zraka.
Mobilne aplikacije za procjenu stanja biljaka
Authors: Tušek Gabrijel , Zimmer Domagoj , Šumanovac Luka , Jurišić Mladen , Sito Stjepan , Babić Antun
Published: December 2024

U radu su prikazane aktualne programske mobilne aplikacije za utvrđivanje stanja biljaka. Prikazani su software-i koji su dio moderne pametne poljoprivrede, a omogućuju kontrolu stanja biljaka, odnosno trenutni monitoring za očuvanje zdravih usjeva s ciljem očuvanja resursa. Prikazane programske mobilne aplikacije upotrebljavaju različite algoritme, identifikaciju označenih sumnjivih područja, postotnu procjenu defolijacije sve do korištenja infrastrukturnih oblaka (cloud). Upotrebom navedenih mobilnih aplikacija rukovatelj dobiva kvalitetnu procjenu i predviđanje bolesti s prijedlozima za oporavak biljaka. Korištenjem suvremene tehnike i dodatne digitalne opreme omogućuje se kvalitetna biljna proizvodnja uz višestruke uštede.
Ocjena potencijala autohtonih istarskih sorti za proizvodnju vinskih destilata
Authors: Kosić Urška , Zaborac Patrik , Peršić Martina
Published: December 2024

Cilj rada bio je evaluirati kemijski sastav i senzorske karakteristike destilata dobivenih od vina autohtonih vinskih sorti istarske regije. Vina koja su se koristila u ovom istraživanju bila su ‘Malvazija istarska’ i ‘Muškat bijeli momjanski’ (Vitis vinifera L.) sa područja Momjana i sorta ‘Duranija’ (Vitis vinifera L.) sa područja Marčenegle. Na moštu, vinu i dobivenim destilatima napravljena je kemijska analiza koja je uključivala analizu šećera, kiseline, pH, alkohola, slobodnog SO2. Senzorsko ocjenjivanje vinskih destilata provedeno je OIV metodom od 100 bodova. Prema rezultatima senzorske analize, vinski destilat sorte ‘Muškat bijeli momjanski’ imao je izrazito visoku senzorsku ocjenu (97,5 bodova), a slijedi ga vinski destilat sorte ‘Malvazije istarske’ (92,5 bodova), te vinski destilat sorte ‘Duranija’ sa (78,75 bodova).
Promjene u proizvodnji i tržištu ružičastih vina u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Cenbauer Darko , Prša Ivan , Čagalj Marin , Grgić Ivo
Published: December 2024

Ružičasta vina, često nazivana rosé koja svojim stilom kombiniraju karakteristike bijelih i crvenih vina, bilježe porast popularnosti u mnogim dijelovima svijeta. Rad analizira trendove u proizvodnji, distribuciji i kvaliteti ružičastih vina na hrvatskom tržištu od 2015. do 2023. godine, u usporedbi s globalnim trendovima. Cilj rada je analizirati tržište ružičastih vina u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim osvrtom na utjecaj klimatskih promjena na proizvodnju. Također, istraživanje se bavi promjenama u preferencijama proizvođača i potrošača te prilagodbom tržišta novim izazovima. Korišteni su podaci Agencije za plaćanja u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i ruralnom razvoju (APPRRR) te Hrvatske agencije za poljoprivredu i hranu (HAPIH). U ovom radu pružen je detaljan uvid u trendove proizvodnje, sortnu i regionalnu zastupljenost, kvalitativne trendove te fizikalno-kemijski sastav i senzorne karakteristike ružičastih vina kroz promatrano razdoblje. Rezultati pokazuju porast broja proizvođača i proizvodnje visokokvalitetnih ružičastih vina, koja postaju sve prepoznatljivija na tržištu, uz potencijalni značaj za klimatsku prilagodbu vinogradarstva.
Evaluating chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed administration for cholesterol reduction in quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Authors: Uthia Rahimatul , Rz Ira Oktaviani , Hidayani Sri Vina , Lestari Kustiasih , Jannah Fathul
Published: December 2024

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain phenolic compounds such as flavonols and phenolic acids (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid) that act as primary and synergistic antioxidants. These antioxidants reduce cholesterol by inhibiting absorption in the intestine and enhancing bile acid formation, facilitating cholesterol excretion through feces. Additionally, the high protein and fiber content in S. hispanica L. seeds reduces appetite and promotes prolonged satiety. This study evaluates the effect of different administration patterns of S. hispanica L. seeds on cholesterol reduction in common quail (Coturnix coturnix). The research involved five groups: three treatment groups receiving S. hispanica L. seeds at varying frequencies (once, twice, three times daily) and two controls (positive, negative), with six C. coturnix in each group. The S. hispanica L. seed dose was 1.8 mg per 200 g body weight (BW) administered for 30 days. Cholesterol levels were measured at baseline and after treatment and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Post Hoc Test. Results indicated that administering S. hispanica L. seeds three times daily significantly reduced cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) compared to other frequencies. This research provides a foundation for further exploration into practical applications of S. hispanica L. seeds in cholesterol management, both in animals and potentially in humans.
Increasing the Level of Knock-in of a Construct Encoding the HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor, MT-C34 Peptide, into the CXCR4 Locus in the CEM/R5 T Cell Line
Authors: Golubev D. S. , Komkov D. S. , Shepelev M. V. , Mazurov D. V. , Kruglova N. A.
Published: December 2024

The low efficiency of knock-in, especially in primary human cells, limits the use of genome editing technology for therapeutic purposes, which makes it important to develop approaches for increasing knock-in levels. In this work, using a knock-in model of the peptide fusion inhibitor of HIV MT-C34 into the human CXCR4 locus in the CEM/R5 T cell line, we analyzed the effectiveness of several approaches to increasing knock-in levels. First, donor DNA modification aimed at improving the efficiency of plasmid transport into the nucleus was evaluated, namely the introduction into the donor plasmid of the SV40 DNA transport sequence (DTS) or the binding sites for the transcription factor NF-κB, whose effects on knock-in levels have not been described. In the MT-C34 knock-in model into the CXCR4 locus, this modification was ineffective. The second approach, modifying the Cas9 nuclease by introducing two additional nuclear localization signals (NLS), increased the knock-in level by 30%. Finally, blocking DNA repair via the nonhomologous end joining pathway using DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitors caused a 1.8-fold increase in knock-in. The combination of the last two approaches caused an additive effect. Thus, increasing the number of NLSs in the Cas9 protein and inhibiting DNA repair via the nonhomologous end joining pathway significantly increased the level of knock-in of the HIV-1 peptide fusion inhibitor into the clinically relevant locus CXCR4, which can be used to develop effective gene therapy approaches for the treatment of HIV infection.
Increasing the Level of Knock-In of the MT-C34-Encoding Construct into the CXCR4 Locus by Modifying Donor DNA with Cas9 Target Sites
Authors: Shepelev M. V. , Komkov D. S. , Golubev D. S. , Borovikova S. E. , Mazurov D. V. , Kruglova N. A.
Published: December 2024

For successful application of genome editing technology using CRISPR/Cas9 system in clinical practice, it is necessary to achieve high efficiency of knock-in, the insertion of a genetic construct into a given locus in the genome of a target cell. One approach to increasing knock-in efficiency involves modifying donor DNA with the same targets for Cas9 (Cas9 targeting sequence, CTS) that are used for induction of double-strand breaks in the cell genome (the “double-cut donor” method). Another approach is based on introducing truncated targets for Cas9 (truncated CTS, tCTS), including a PAM site and 16 nucleotides proximal to it, into the donor DNA. Presumably, tCTS sites do not induce cleavage of the donor plasmid, but can support its transport into the nucleus by Cas9. However, the exact mechanisms for the increase in knock-in levels with both types of donor DNA modifications are unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of these modifications on the knock-in efficiency of the MTC34 genetic construct encoding the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, MT-C34 peptide, into the CXCR4 locus of the CEM/R5 T cell line. When full-length CTS sites were introduced into the donor plasmid DNA, the knock-in level increased twofold, regardless of the number of CTSs or their position relative to the donor sequence. Modifications of donor plasmids with tCTS sites did not affect knock-in levels. It was found that in vitro both types of sites were efficiently cleaved by Cas9. In order to study the mechanism of action of these modifications in detail, it is necessary to evaluate their cleavage in vitro and in vivo.
Sensitivity of Primary Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines to Mumps Virus Vaccine Strain
Authors: Nikolaeva E. Yu. , Zhelayeva Y. R. , Susova O. Yu. , Mitrofanov A. A. , Varachev V. O. , Nasedkina T. V. , Zverev V. V. , Svitich O. A. , Ammour Y. I.
Published: December 2024

The sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to virus-mediated oncolysis was investigated on five patient-derived cell lines. Primary glioblastoma cells (Gbl13n, Gbl16n, Gbl17n, Gbl25n, and Gbl27n) were infected with 10-fold serial dilutions of the Leningrad-3 strain of mumps virus, virus reproduction and cytotoxicity were monitored for 96–120 hours. Immortalized human non-tumor NKE cells were used as controls to determine virus specificity. Four out of the five glioblastoma cell lines examined were susceptible to mumps virus infection, whereas no virus reproduction was observed in the non-tumor cell line. Moreover, the level of proapoptotic caspase-3 activity was increased in all infected cells 48 hours after infection. The kinetics of viral RNA accumulation in the studied glioblastoma cell lines was comparable with the rate of cell death. The data suggest that glioblastoma cell lines are permissive for mumps virus. Glioblastoma cell lines differed in type I IFN production in response to mumps virus infection. In addition, it was shown that MV infection was able to induce immunogenic death of glioblastoma cells.
Human eRT1 Translation Regulation
Authors: Shuvalov A. V. , Klishin A. A. , Biziaev N. S. , Shuvalova E. Y. , Alkalaeva E. Z.
Published: December 2024

Translation termination factor eRF1 is an important cellular protein that plays a key role in translation termination, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and stop-codons readthrough. An amount of eRF1 in the cell influences all these processes. The mechanism of eRF1 translation regulation through an autoregulatory NMD-dependent expression circuit has been described for plants and fungi, but the mechanisms of human eRF1 translation regulation have not yet been studied. Using reporter constructs, we studied the effect of eRF1 mRNA elements on its translation in cell-free translation systems and HEK293 cells. Our data do not support the presence of the NMD-dependent autoregulatory circuit of human eRF1 expression. We found that the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of eRF1 mRNA and the start codon of the upstream open reading frame (uORF) have the greatest influence on the translation of CDS. According to the DataBase of Transcriptional Start Sites (DBTSS), eRF1 mRNA has a high heterogeneity of transcription start sites and variable length of 5'-UTRs as a consequence. Moreover, the start codon of the eRF1 CDS is located within the known Translation Initiator of Short 5′UTR (TISU), which also stimulates mRNA transcription of genes with high transcription start heterogeneity. We hypothesize that regulation of eRF1 mRNA translation occurs at both the transcriptional and translational levels. At the transcription level, the length of the 5'-UTRs of eRF1 and the number of short open reading frames in it are regulated, which in turn regulate eRF1 production at the translational level.
VLPs Carring HIV-1 Env with Modulated Glycan Composition
Authors: Kaevitser G. A. , Samokhvalov E. I. , Scheblyakov D. V. , Gintsburg A. L. , Vzorov A. N.
Published: December 2024

Previously obtained highly immunogenic Env-VLPs ensure overcoming the natural resistance of HIV-1 surface proteins associated with their low level of incorporation and inaccessibility of conserved epitopes to induce neutralizing antibodies. We also adopted this technology to modify Env trimers of ZM53(T/F) strain to produce Env-VLPs by recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs). These rVVs expressing Env, Gag-Pol (HIV-1/SIV), as well as the cowpox virus hr gene allowing to avoid the restriction of vaccinia virus replication in CHO cells were used for VLP production. The CHO Lec1 engineered cell line lacking GlcNAc-TI was used for generating VLPs with Env proteins containing a cytoplasmic domain (CT) affecting on surface subunit (SU) conformation. This has created the opportunity to modulate the glycan composition, and refine the conditions for their production, and optimize approaches to overcoming HIV-1 resistance associated with abundant glycosylation.
Molecular Ion Channel Blockers of Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses
Authors: Vorobjev Yu. N.
Published: December 2024

Drug molecules that block the functional cycle of influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses are proposed. The blocker molecules effectively binding inside the M2 and E-channels of influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses and blocking the diffusion of H+/K+ ions destroy the functional cycle of viruses. A family of positively charged, +2 e. u., molecular blockers of H+ /K+ ion diffusion through M2 and E-channels is proposed. The blocker molecules, derivatives of diazabicyclooctane, was investigated for its binding affinity to the channels M2 and E. Thermal dynamics and binding affinity were modeled by the exhaustive docking method sites. Blocker molecules with higher affinity for the blocking sites were proposed. The most probable mutations of amino acids of protein M2 and E channels are considered, the effectiveness of channel blocking are analyzed and optimal structures of blocker molecules are proposed.
PHOTONEUTRON REACTION CROSS SECTIONS FOR 90Zr IN DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Varlamov V. V , Davydov A. I , Mostakov I. A , Orlin V. N
Published: December 2024

Reliability of the data on partial photoneutron reactions on 90Zr obtained in the experiment carried out on the beam of bremsstrahlung was investigated using the experimental-theoretical method for partial reaction cross section evaluation basing on objective physical criteria. It was found out that (γ, 1𝑛) and (γ, 2𝑛) reaction cross sections obtained using the corrections calculated via statistical theory to the neutron yield cross section σ(γ, 𝑥𝑛) = σ(γ, 1𝑛) + 2σ(γ, 2𝑛) satisfy physical criteria of data reliability. The integrated characteristics of the cross sections of the reactions (γ, 1𝑛) and (γ, 2𝑛) in which the distinct structural features were obtained as well as in the experimentally measured neutron yield cross section σ(γ, 𝑥𝑛) agree with those of evaluated cross sections. This shows that information on 90Zr partial reactions competition obtained using statistical theory satisfies physical criteria of data reliability. The evaluated reaction cross sections are compared in detail with analogous data obtained before using the results of experiments carried out on the beams of quasimonoenergetic annihilation photons.
INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER
Authors: Konovalova N. S , Okateva N. M , Polukhina N. G , Sadykov Zh. T , Starkov N. I , Starkova E. N , Chernyavsky M. M , Shchedrina T. V
Published: December 2024

The first neutrinos from the proton-proton collisions at an energy of 13.6 TeV were registered in the pseudorapidity range of 7.2 > η > 8.4 in the SND@LHC experiment at CERN. SND@LHC is an autonomous experiment based on a compact hybrid detector for detecting high-energy neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider. The detector allows to distinguish the interactions of the neutrinos of all three flavors and to investigate the process of the charmed particles’ generation in the pseudorapidity region inaccessible to other experiments at the LHC. The aim of the experiment is also to study the scattering of weakly interacting particles on the electrons and protons of the target.
INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUTRINO CHANNEL AT THE U-70 ACCELERATOR COMPLEX WITH PARENT PARTICLE BEAM DEFLECTION
Authors: Novoskoltsev F. N , Sinyukov R. Yu , Sokolov A. A
Published: December 2024

Principle optical scheme of the neutrino beam production channel based on the accelerator complex U-70 is considered. In order to extract the required pulse interval of π-mesons, a two-magnetic system with a “field” lens with a one-way deflection of the parent particle beam and full compensation of the dispersion is proposed. In this scheme the decay part of the channel is deflected with respect to the direction of the primary proton beam aiming at the target. The main computational characteristics of the neutrino beam at the far detector at a distance of 2595 km from the end of the decaying part of the channel as well as the parameters of the parent π mesons at the beginning of the decaying part are discussed.
OPERATOR-DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS ON NON-STANDARD RECTANGULAR GRIDS
Authors: Vabishchevich P. N
Published: December 2024

In the approximate solution of boundary value problems for partial differential equations, difference methods are widely used. Grid approximations are most simply constructed when dividing the calculated area into rectangular cells. Usually the grid nodes coincide with the vertices of the cells. In addition to such nodal approximations, grids with nodes in the centers of cells are also used. It is convenient to formulate boundary value problems in terms of invariant operators of vector (tensor) analysis, which are compared with the corresponding grid analogues. The paper builds analogues of gradient and divergence operators on non-standard rectangular grids, the nodes of which consist of both the vertices of the calculated cells and their centers. The proposed approach is illustrated by approximations of the boundary value problem for the stationary two-dimensional convection-diffusion equation. The key features of the construction of approximations for vector problems with orientation to applied problems of solid mechanics are noted.
APPROXIMATION OF OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS FOR SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH BOUNDARY OBSERVATION OF THE CONORMAL DERIVATIVE, WITH CONTROLS IN THE COEFFICIENTS OF THE CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT OPERATOR AND THE NONLINEAR TERM OF THE EQUATION
Authors: Lubyshev F. V , Fairuzov M. E
Published: December 2024

The paper studies difference approximations of the optimal control problem with boundary observation of the conormal derivative of the state described by the Dirichlet problem for semi-linear elliptic equations with controls in the coefficients of the convective transport operator and the nonlinear term of the equation. The issues of the correctness of the formulation of the optimal control problem were considered. Differential approximations of the optimal control problem are constructed. The issues of convergence of approximations in terms of functionality and control are studied. The regularization of approximations is carried out.
DUALISM IN THE SOLITON SOLUTION THEORY
Authors: Beklaryan L. A , Beklaryan A. L
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to dualism of the soliton solution theories and solutions of functional differential point form equations. The basics of the formalism of such dualism are presented with the central element being the idea of soliton bunch and the dual pair: function-operator. Within such an approach, it is possible to describe the whole space of soliton solutions with a set characteristic as well as their asymptotics both in space and time. An example of traffic flow on the Manhattan grid shows the whole family of limited soliton solutions.
ON THE UNIFORM CONVERGENCE OF APPROXIMATIONS OF THE TANGENT AND NORMAL DERIVATIVES OF THE POTENTIAL OF A SIMPLE LAYER NEAR THE BOUNDARY OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DOMAIN
Authors: Ivanov D. Yu
Published: December 2024

Semi-analytical approximations of the tangent derivative (TD) and the normal derivative (ND) of the potential of a simple layer (PSL) near the boundary of a two-dimensional region are proposed, performed within the framework of the collocation method of boundary elements and not requiring approximation of the coordinate functions of the boundary. To obtain approximations, analytical integration over the smooth component of the distance function and a special additive-multiplicative method of distinguishing features are used. It is proved that such approximations have a more uniform convergence near the boundary of the domain compared with similar approximations of TD and PSL ND based on a simple multiplicative method of distinguishing features. One of the reasons for the highly uneven convergence of traditional approximations of the TD and PSL ND based on Gauss’s quadrature formulas has been established.
𝐾𝑃1-SCHEME FOR ACCELERATION OF UPSCATTER ITERATIONS OVER NEUTRON THERMALIZATION REGION AND IN THE FISSION SOURCE WHEN SOLVING A SUBCRITICAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM
Authors: Voloshchenko A. M
Published: December 2024

For the transport equation in three-dimensional 𝑟, #, 𝑧 geometry, a 𝐾𝑃1-scheme for accelerating the convergence of upscatter iterations over the neutron thermalization region and the fission source when solving a subcritical boundary value problem is constructed, consistent with the Weighted Diamond Differentiation (WDD) scheme, and its generalization to the case of nodal Linear Discontinues (LD) and Linear Best (LB) schemes of the 3rd and 4th order of accuracy in spatial variables is considered. To solve the 𝑃1 system for accelerating corrections, an algorithm based on the use of a cyclic splitting method was used, similar to the one used earlier in the construction of the 𝐾𝑃1-scheme for accelerating the convergence of internal iterations. An algorithm for determining the energy dependence for accelerating corrections of the 𝐾𝑃1-scheme for accelerating the convergence of upscatter iterations is studied. The question of choosing a criterion for the convergence of upscatter iterations is considered, and an integral criterion for the convergence of upscatter iterations in the field of neutron thermalization is proposed for thermal neutrons scattered upward in energy. A modification of the algorithm for the case of three-dimensional 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 geometry is considered. Numerical examples of using 𝐾𝑃1-schemes for accelerating the convergence of upscatter iterations to solve typical neutron transport problems in three-dimensional geometry are given.
USING MONTE CARLO WEIGHT SCHEMES FOR WEAKLY IONIZED RAREFIED GAS FLOWS
Authors: Shevyryan A. A , Bondar E. A
Published: December 2024

The description of the procedures of the direct statistical Monte Carlo simulation of weakly ionized flows arising during the flow of returning spacecraft is presented. For ionization and recombination reactions, expressions are given for the model dependence of the probability of reactions on the velocities and energies of the reagents. The dissociative recombination algorithm is presented, the computational efficiency of which is achieved by bypassing the simulation of the interaction of electrons and heavy particles. An approach to the construction of a weight scheme for elastic collisions and chemical reactions is described, which significantly increases the computational efficiency of calculations. An example of using the described numerical models and procedures to study the weakly ionized flow near the return capsule in typical entry conditions of orbiting spacecraft is presented. The calculation results are compared with the data of measurements of plasma parameters in the flight experiment.
ESTIMATES OF THE p-NORMS OF SOLUTIONS AND INVERSE MATRICES OF SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH A CIRCULANT MATRIX
Authors: Volkov Yu. S , Bogdanov V. V
Published: December 2024

The problem of estimating solutions and inverse matrices of systems of linear equations with a circulant matrix in the p-norm, 1 < p < w, is considered. An estimate is obtained for a circulant matrix with diagonal dominance. Based on this result and the idea of decomposing a matrix into a product of matrices related to the decomposition of the characteristic polynomial, an estimate is proposed for a general circulant matrix.
ESTIMATES FOR SOLUTIONS OF A BIOLOGICAL MODEL WITH INFINITE DISTRIBUTED DELAY
Authors: Iskakov T. K , Skvortsova M. A
Published: December 2024

A model of competition between several microorganism species described by a system of nonlinear differential equations with infinite distributed delay is considered. The case of asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point corresponding to the survival of only one species and the extinction of all others is studied. The conditions for the initial numbers of species and the initial concentration of the nutrient at which the system reaches an equilibrium state are specified, and estimates of the stabilization rate are established. The results are obtained using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional.
STRUCTURED PSEUDOSPECTRA IN PROBLEMS OF SPATIAL STABILITY OF BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: Demyanko K. V , Zasko G. V , Nechepurenko Yu. M
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of the sensitivity of the characteristics of spatial stability of boundary layers to the errors with which the main flow is specified. It is proposed to use structured pseudospectra for this purpose. It is shown that the obtained estimates are significantly more accurate than the estimates based on the unstructured pseudospectrum. The presentation is carried out using the example of a viscous incompressible fluid flow over a concave surface of small curvature with flow parameters favorable for the development of Goertler vortices and Tollmien–Schlichting waves.
DENSITY GRADIENT MODEL IN A SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC FORMULATION AND ITS EXPLICIT-IMPLICIT DISSIPATIVE DISCRETIZATION FOR STUDYING INTERFACE DYNAMICS
Authors: Balashov V. A , Pavlishina E. A , Savenkov E. B
Published: December 2024

This work is dedicated to the development of an unconditionally gradient-stable (dissipative) numerical method for solving a conservative density gradient model in a spherically symmetric formulation. The algorithm is constructed using the Eyre method based on convex splitting of the system’s free energy. The gradient stability of the algorithm is proven in both semi-discrete and fully discrete cases. Theoretical results are validated through several test calculations. The proposed numerical method is applied to analyze the impact of the specified diffusion mobility on the nature of interface evolution.
UNIQUENESS OF THE ENTROPY SOLUTION TO THE DIRICHLET PROBLEM FOR AN ELLIPTIC EQUATION WITH A MEASURE-VALUED POTENTIAL IN A HYPERBOLIC SPACE
Authors: Vildanova V. F
Published: December 2024

We consider the Dirichlet problem in the hyperbolic space for a nonlinear equation of the second order with measure-valued potential. The assumptions on the structure of the equation are stated in terms of a generalized 𝑁-function. The uniqueness of the entropy solution of the problem is proved.
Application of Square-Wave Stripping Voltammetry for the Analysis of Electrodeposits Based on Lead-Bismuth
Authors: Voronin I. A. , Sotnichuk S. V. , Kolesnik I. V. , Napolsky K. S.
Published: December 2024

The possibility of targeted electrodeposition of coatings in the lead-bismuth binary system is discussed. The analysis of metal content in electrodeposits was performed using square-wave stripping voltammetry of solutions simultaneously containing lead and bismuth. The obtained results were supported by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrodeposition conditions of obtaining Pb7Bi3 ε-phase, which is promising for the application in superconducting microelectronics, were found.
Demographic factor of social development
Authors: Tsapenko I. P. , Subkhangulova K. A.
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the concept of social and demographic development. These concepts are predominantly interpreted as a progressive movement towards a better state, as changes for the better in the quality of life and demographic characteristics of the population. According to the authors, positive demographic dynamics should not be evaluated only as progress, and negative - as regression, without taking into account the socio-economic context and the stage of demographic transition in a particular society. In the context of global demographic changes, including the large-scale spread of depopulation, a new idea of the demographic optimum is constructed, allowing for the absence of population growth and the priority of qualitative socio-demographic parameters (health status, level of education of the population, etc.).
The study shows that demographic processes in different groups of countries pose serious social challenges. These challenges are specific to these territories and have a significant impact on their social development. At the same time, due to the commonality of key population shifts in more and less developed regions of the world, similar social consequences are likely to occur both there and there. The direct effect of life expectancy on the Social Progress Index (SPI) is found to be stronger in the global North than in the South. SPI is used as a composite indicator of quality of life, and the study found an inverse relationship between SPI and the rate of natural population growth. In the North, demographic rather than economic indicators are found to have a more significant impact on SPI.
Neuromorphological studies of the scientific school of V.M. Bekhterev
Authors: Nikishina N. A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents an overview of the scientific achievements of V.M. Bekhterev, his students, and his followers in the field of anatomy and histology of the nervous system in normal and pathological conditions. The main works of Bekhterev on the study of localization of functions in the central nervous system, as well as the work of employees of the morphology department of the Institute for the Study of the Brain and Mental Activity, were carried out under the supervision of L.Ya. Pines, are noted. Special attention is paid to the scientific discoveries of Pines in the field of neuromorphology, as well as a large-scale study of the brain anatomy of outstanding scientists of the early twentieth century, conducted by the staff of the V.M. Bekhterev scientific school.
«BOOKS FOR THE FOLK» IN RUSSIA OF THE 1840s: M. N. MAKAROV
Authors:   S. Yesenin Ryazan State University, Fedoseyeva Tatiana Vasilyevna , Tangaeva Natalia Ivanovna ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I. P. Pavlova
Published: December 2024

The article examines the short stories by M. N. Makarov of 1840–1843, using the genre-style and contextual analysis with axiological commentary. The features of the vernacular stylistics and of the fairytale folklore tradition are outlined, moral pathos and poetics, both of them reminiscent of the Gospel parable, are discussed. From the poetical and the functional perspective, they correlate with the pieces for the common people produced by F. N. Glinka and V. I. Dal’, as well as with the works published in the Rural Reader magazine by V. F. Odoyevsky and A. P. Zabloysky-Desyatovsky.
A. V. SUKHOVO-KOBYLIN’S COMEDY THE MARRIAGE OF KRECHINSKY AND THE TRADITION OF THE MANOR THEATER
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow), Penskaya Elena Naumovna
Published: December 2024

The article consideres A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylin’s literary and theater debut, The Marriage of Krechinsky, in the context of the manor or serf theater, with its centennial history reaching its culmination in the 1850s. The Marriage of Krechinsky was written to be staged in one of the greatest serf theaters of the day, in Vyksa. The archives — the playwright’s diaries, his notebooks, epistolary legacy, collections of newspaper and magazine clippings with the owner’s notes — feature some mentions of Vyksa, of the guests and the hosts of the manor house, as well as of the local theater. They help to reconstruct certain events, the repertoire, and trace the reflection of the manor theater experiences in the poetics of The Marriage of Krechinsky.
N. V. GOGOL’S DIALOGUE WITH HIS CONTEMPORARIES, OR HOW TO COMBINE THE IDEAL OF HUMANISM AND ASCETICISM
Authors:   Institute of Word Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitrieva Ekaterina Evgen’evna ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

[Review:] Annenkova E. I. O Gogole i istoriko-literaturnom kontekste. SPb.: Izdatel’stvo «Rostok», 2023. 536 s.
Інноваційні дипломатичні стратегії традиційних акторів Індо-Тихоокеанського регіону
Authors: Костиря Інна , Дікарєв Олександр
Published: December 2024

Метою дослідження є аналіз ряду векторів дипломатичного дискурсу щодо концепту «Індо-Тихоокеанський регіон» («Indo-Pacific» (IP)). Його основні пункти: 1. Він актуалізований: 1) прийняттям у березні 2024 р. Президентом США Закону про фінансування проєкту про вільну асоціацію, підписану у 2023 р. США із Федеративними Штатами Мікронезії, Республікою Маршаллові Острови та Республікою Палау, яка діятиме до 2043 р. й отримує фінансування у розмірі 7,1 млрд дол.; 2) проголошенням 20 березня 2023 р. прем’єр-міністром Японії Фуміо Кісіда плану «Вільного та відкритого Індо-Тихоокеанського регіону» (FOIP) в Індії, що покращує існуючу концепцію, викладену колишнім прем’єр-міністром Сіндзо Абе з метою тіснішого залучення Індії, яка неодноразово наголошувала на необхідності «інклюзивності» (означає включення Китаю); 3) оголошенням у 2023 р. партнерами AUKUS, створеного у 2021 р. елітою Австралії, Британії, США, намірів із пришвидшення побудови ядерного підводного човна в Австралії; 4) заявою на саміті QUAD 2023 р. в Хіросімі про опозицію спробам змінити статус-кво «силою чи примусом» у морській сфері, що свідчить про оновлення завдань стратегічного QUAD, започаткованого в 2004 р.; 2. Наявність ініціатив Китаю «Великий шовковий шлях», «Один пояс, один шлях» (BRI), «Морський Шовковий шлях 21-го ст.», «Економічний пояс Шовкового шляху», «Цифровий шовковий шлях (DSR)» по з’єднанню Китаю з рештою країн Азії, Африки та Європи за допомогою шляхових, залізничних, портових та інших інфраструктурних проєктів у формі торгових та транспортних коридорів; 3. Виникнення у теоретичному дискурсі різних трактовок поняття «Індо-Тихоокеанський регіон», що вимагає: 1) певної верифікації джерел його витоків в дискурсі; 2) аналізу в контексті системного, порівняльного та історикологічного методів як у діахронії, так й у синхронії перебігу подій міжнародних відносин регіону; 3) систематизації політичних інтересів, озвучених у правових та оборонних документах акторів ІР; 4. Рефлексії гіпотез щодо наслідків консолідації зусиль вищезгаданих акторів ІР та їх аналіз, що дозволяє стверджувати, що цей активізм вплине на: 1) політику в ІР та міжнародну безпеку загалом; 2) зростання мілітаризації регіону, оскільки Китай відкидає залучення міжнародних організацій до розв’язання спірних питань; 3) виникнення певних розбіжностей у НАТО та занепокоєння в ЄС через ряд непорозумінь типу скасування Австралією контракту із Францією на користь AUKUS.
Особливості українсько-американських відносин на початку 2000-х рр.
Authors: Пашков Віктор
Published: December 2024

У статті проаналізовано динаміку, особливості та складнощі українсько-американських відносин на початку 2000-х рр. Розкрито міркування та підходи американської адміністрації Дж. Буша-молодшого до вибудовування відносин з Україною. З’ясовано, що двостороння співпраця у 2001–2002 рр. розвивалася значною мірою за низхідною траєкторією. Серед проблем, які ускладнювали політичний діалог Києва та Вашингтона, були «касетний» і «кольчужний» скандали, незадовільні темпи реформ і проблеми з демократією в Україні, непослідовність зовнішньополітичного курсу Л. Кучми, корупція.
Політика США щодо України у цей період спиралася на жорсткий підхід, принцип «винагороди за досягнення» і стратегічні міркування щодо втримання Києва поза орбітою впливу Москви. Зі свого боку, українські керівники активно прагнули відновлення співпраці зі Сполученими Штатами. У цьому зв’язку вони використали події 11 вересня 2001 р. як «вікно можливостей», запропонувавши свою політичну підтримку та повітряний простір для американської авіації під час військової компанії США в Афганістані. Однак «кольчужний» скандал восени 2002 р. завдав серйозного удару українсько-американським відносинам, призвівши до згортання політичного діалогу країн та припинення американської економічної допомоги Україні.
З’ясовано, що у подальшому Вашингтон використовував методи тиску та міжнародну ізоляцію українського керівництва, змушуючи його приєднатися до антиіракської коаліції, створивши видимість міжнародної підтримки військової операції США проти режиму С. Хусейна.
Мета статті – висвітлення та аналіз динаміки й особливостей українсько-американських відносин на початку 2000-х рр. в умовах приходу до влади у США республіканської адміністрації Дж. Буша-молодшого. Методологія дослідження включає історичний і порівняльний методи, системний підхід, а також методи загальнонаукового пошуку. Широке використання у роботі історичного методу дало змогу реконструювати хронологію подій і логіку дій адміністрацій Буша-молодшого та Л. Кучми щодо вибудовування двосторонніх відносин. Системний метод дозволив розглянути ключові події та проблеми українсько-американської співпраці того часу із врахуванням широкого контексту зовнішньополітичних і внутрішніх чинників, під впливом яких діяли сторони.
Операція «Вісла» в культурній дипломатії лемківської діаспори повоєнного часу
Authors: Наконечний Володимир , Бенч Ольга
Published: December 2024

Мета статті – комплексно опрацювати опубліковані на шпальтах «Лемківщини» різножанрові дописи, присвячені численним аспектам операції «Вісла». Завданням розвідки є відтворення практик культурної дипломатії лемків у діаспорних осередках країн Північної Америки, спрямованих на популяризацію українського погляду на переселенську акцію 1947 р. Дослідницька методологія спирається на звичне для праць з історії науки поєднання принципів (історизму та об’єктивності) і методів (філософських, загальнонаукових і спеціально-історичних) наукової праці. У підсумку відзначено вагомість зусиль редколегії «Лемківщини» у започаткуванні академічних студій, сфокусованих на всебічне осмислення операції «Вісла». На сторінках часопису протягом багатьох років було опубліковано різнопланові матеріали (наукові опрацювання, джерельні свідчення, полемічні тексти тощо), які сформували нове концептуальне бачення русинського етноциду 1947 р. Втім автори журналу не зупинилися на суто науковому переосмисленні проблеми. Цілком виправдано вони зрозуміли вагомість популяризації українського погляду на цю трагедію новітнього русинства. Вміло використовуючи інструментарій культурної дипломатії, лемківські інтелектуали розгорнули добре продуману працю з освідомлення західної громадськості про справжній перебіг депортаційних акцій. У підсумку було створено потужну інформаційну протиотруту радянській і польській комуністичній пропаганді, що сприяло утвердженню в західній соціогуманітаристиці геноцидного дискурсу при змалюванні подій 1947 р. Ба більше, ефективність залученого авторами «Лемківщини» інструментарію з арсеналу культурної дипломатії засвідчила зростаюче визнання в середовищі політиків демократичної Польщі історичної провини за злочини комуністичного режиму. Завдяки цьому вдалося налагодити партнерський польсько-український діалог після здобуття нашою державою незалежності.