bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship Between Personality Traits, Compassion Satisfaction, and Compassion Fatigue Among Police Officers
Authors: Papazoglou Konstantinos , Koskelainen Mari , Stuewe Natalie
Published: January 2019

Police officers are often exposed to violence and potentially traumatic encounters, but they have not been a focus of research on compassion fatigue or compassion satisfaction. The current study examines compassion fatigue and satisfaction among police officers and how these variables are influenced by negative personality traits. This study’s participants were police officers ( n = 1,173) from the National Police of Finland, and its aims were twofold: (a) to explore the prevalence rates and relationships between compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and personality traits (Machiavellianism, `narcissism, psychopathy) among study participants; and (b) to explore whether compassion satisfaction, burnout, years of police experience, and negative personality traits are predictors of compassion fatigue. The results of the current study indicated that 10% of police officers indicated high levels of compassion fatigue and 40% revealed low levels of compassion satisfaction. In addition, compassion fatigue was found to be negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction ( r = −.33, p < .01), whereas negative personality traits were positively correlated with compassion fatigue (Machiavellianism: r = .20; narcissism: r = .19; psychopathy: r = .23; p < .01). Furthermore, negative personality traits (except narcissism) were negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction (Machiavellianism: r = −.22; psychopathy: r = −.32). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to assess predictors of compassion fatigue and it indicated good model fit to the data (goodness of fit index, GFI = .976; comparative fit index, CFI = .934; root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA = .092; standardized root mean square residual, SRMR = .421). In addition, SEM revealed that compassion satisfaction, burnout, and personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were significant predictors of compassion fatigue. Clinical and training implications as well as future research recommendations are also discussed.
Advancing Global Citizenship Education Through Global Competence and Critical Literacy: Innovative Practices for Inclusive Childhood Education
Authors: Anderson Alida
Published: January 2019

This article presents a critical policy overview of inclusive education and global citizenship education (GCED) and offers two innovative childhood education practices that support inclusion of children with disabilities through dimensions of physical and conceptual access, both noted implementation barriers to inclusive education across the globe. The first section summarizes global human rights and education initiatives that support GCED through access for children with disabilities in education and in societies. This section addresses questions of how inclusion plays a central role to the advancement of GCED, summarizing major global policy advances to inclusion, and highlighting how advancement of inclusive childhood education supports GCED. This article concludes with two innovative childhood education practices, global competence and critical literacy, which offer critical potential to contribute to GCED through conceptual and physical dimensions of access, and ultimately promote inclusive education.
Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions among Pediatric Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Selected Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: 8-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdela Jemal , Assefa Anteneh , Shamele Sufiyan
Published: January 2019

Background:

Antiretroviral-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of drug changes, poor adherence, and treatment failure. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the magnitude of ADR and associated factors among pediatric patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of pediatric patients on ART at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital ART clinics. The collected data were coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS, IBM version 16. The associations of selected categorical variables were done using binary logistic and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Of 186 medical records of pediatric patients on ART, 153 (82.25%) were reviewed. From the total medical records assessed, ADRs were observed in 23 (15.03%) of pediatric patients on ART, of which the most commonly encountered ADRs were anemia (34.8%) and followed by rash (17.4%). Most of ADRs were ranked as grade 3 (39.13%) and followed by grade 2 (30.4%) based on the degree of their severity. The likelihood of developing ADR was significantly associated with the regimen AZT/3TC/NVP (adjusted odds ratio: 6.420; 95% confidence interval: 1.056-39.018) relative to pediatric patients on D4T/3TC/NVP regimen.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that few pediatric patients on ART experienced ADRs. Most of the observed ADRs were ranked as grade 2 and 3 in terms of their severity. Drug out of stock and ADRs were the 2 most common reasons for antiretroviral (ARV) drug regimen change that could affect patient’s treatment outcome and limited future option.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligaments and Autograft Tendons Used for Reconstruction
Authors: Schmidt Elaine C. , Chin Matthew , Aoyama Julien T. , Ganley Theodore J. , Shea Kevin G. , Hast Michael W.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Over the past several decades, there has been a steady increase in pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, particularly in young female basketball and soccer players. Because allograft tissue for pediatric ACL reconstruction (ACLR) has shown high rates of failure, autograft tissue may be the best option for ACLR in this population. However, differences in the structure and mechanical behavior of these tissues are not clear.

Purpose:

To characterize the mechanical and microstructural properties in pediatric ACLs and autograft tissues using a rare cadaveric cohort (mean age, 9.2 years).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

ACLs, patellar tendons, quadriceps tendons, semitendinosus tendons, and iliotibial bands (ITBs) were harvested from 5 fresh-frozen pediatric knee specimens (3 male, 2 female) and subjected to a tensile loading protocol. A subset of contralateral tissues was analyzed using bright-field, polarized light, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results:

Patellar tendons exhibited values for ultimate stress (5.2 ± 3.1 MPa), ultimate strain (35.3% ± 12.5%), and the Young modulus (27.0 ± 8.8 MPa) that were most similar to the ACLs (5.2 ± 2.2 MPa, 31.4% ± 9.9%, and 23.6 ± 15.5 MPa, respectively). Semitendinosus tendons and ITBs were stronger but less compliant than the quadriceps or patellar tendons. ITBs exhibited crimp wavelengths (27.0 ± 2.9 μm) and collagen fibril diameters (67.5 ± 19.5 nm) that were most similar to the ACLs (24.4 ± 3.2 μm and 65.3 ± 19.9 nm, respectively).

Conclusion:

The mechanical properties of the patellar tendon were almost identical to those of the ACL. The ITB exhibited increased strength and a similar microstructure to the native ACL. These findings are not entirely congruent with studies examining adult tissues.

Clinical Relevance:

These results can be used to inform further clinical research. In particular, they justify a further examination of the biomechanical and microstructural properties of the ITB in the context of its role as an autograft tissue in pediatric ACL reconstruction.
Preoperative Ultrasound Evaluation of the Semitendinosus Tendon for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sumanont Sermsak , Mahaweerawat Chatchada , Boonrod Arunnit , Thammaroj Punthip , Boonrod Artit
Published: January 2019

Background:

Adequate graft size and length are crucial factors that correlate with improved outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus (ST) tendon autograft alone. Anthropometric parameters could be used as predictors of graft measurements but they have shown imprecise correlation in some patients.

Purpose:

To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (US) for the preoperative evaluation of ST graft size and length.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 40 patients were included in this study. Patient sex, age, anthropometric parameters, and preoperative US measurements were recorded. After the ST tendons were harvested, their lengths as well as the diameters of the 4-strand ST grafts were recorded. Correlations between patient US measurements were analyzed. Inadequate ST graft length was defined at <28 cm, and inadequate 4-strand ST graft diameter was defined at <8 mm.

Results:

The prevalence of patients with an ST graft length <28 cm was 47.5%, and the prevalence of patients with a 4-strand ST graft diameter <8 mm was 42.5%. US measurements had a strong, significant correlation with the ST graft length ( P < .001) and a moderate correlation with the 4-strand ST graft diameter ( P < .001). Absolute agreement between the preoperative US measurement of ST graft length and the intraoperative ST graft length showed good reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.825). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the ST tendon at the knee joint level by US showed a weak correlation ( r = 0.207) with the 4-strand ST graft diameter ( P = .200). A CSA of 16 mm2 measured by US could be used to predict a 4-strand ST graft diameter ≥8 mm, with a sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 76.5%.

Conclusion:

Preoperative US measurements of ST tendons had a strong correlation with intraoperative ST graft length and provided good sensitivity to detect a 4-strand ST graft diameter ≥8 mm. All other anthropometric parameters showed a weak to moderate correlation with ST graft length and size.
The Association Between Pediatric Faculty Factors and Resident Physician Ratings of Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Potisek Nicholas M. , Page Laura , Narayan Aditee , McNeal-Trice Kenya , Steiner Michael J.
Published: January 2019

Background. Faculty factors not inherently related to teaching effectiveness can influence teaching ratings. No studies have focused on pediatric faculty who possess unique differences from general medical faculty. Methods. We designed a retrospective observational study to compare faculty teaching ratings with measured factors across 3 academic pediatric institutions. Results. Our study included 196 faculty members. The majority (76%) of variation in teaching effectiveness ratings was not accounted for by any measured variable, but 24% was attributed to measurable factors. Increased resident exposure (sequential r2 = .10, P < .0001) significantly affected teaching effectiveness. Variation between resident ratings of pediatric faculty teaching can be partially explained by measured factors not necessarily related to teaching effectiveness. Conclusions. The identification of faculty factors that significantly contribute to rating variation can enhance interpretation of these rating.
The Health and Well-Being of Caregivers of Technologically Dependent Children
Authors: Chan Yoke Hwee , Lim Carmen Zhi-Ruo , Bautista Dianne , Malhotra Rahul , Østbye Truls
Published: January 2019

Caregivers of technology-dependent children face considerable responsibilities. This study examined the association of 2 child-related stressors—functional status and use of mechanical ventilator—with 2 domains of family caregiver well-being—depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and family function (PedsQL Family Impact Module). The secondary objective was to determine whether these associations were moderated by caregiver-perceived social support. Structured interviews were conducted with 88 primary family caregivers of technology-dependent children in Singapore. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the primary and secondary objectives. A total of 44.3% of caregivers were at high risk of clinical depression. Moderately poor child functional status was associated with more caregiver depressive symptoms. Perceived social support moderated this association. Family caregivers of technology-dependent children have high levels of depressive symptoms and relatively poor HRQOL and family functioning. Enhancing caregivers’ social support is important for their well-being.
Organisational Sustainability through Culture and Managerial Effectiveness: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Negi Pooja Singh , Dangwal R. C.
Published: January 2019

Research on different aspects of organisational culture and performance or management capability among Indian firms remains limited. A vast number of previous studies suggest that every organisation should include culture and managerial effectiveness for sustainable development. To analyse this perspective, the article tries to investigate the relationship between organisational culture and managerial effectiveness in an Indian context.

Our study provides a meta-analysis of 30 qualified empirical research articles published between 1967 and 2016. The main sectors were banking, pharmaceutical, manufacturing and education. The meta-analytical approach helps to generalise the relationship between organisational culture and managerial effectiveness. Asymmetry of funnel plots is evaluated using Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation and Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill methods. The results revealed overall combined correlation ( r = 0.291) whereas, correlations in excess of 0.3 are rare in this context. The findings suggest that culture and managerial effectiveness are an important factor for organisation sustainability. These relationships indicate a positive relationship between organisational culture and managerial effectiveness. The major limitation of this research study is associated with the unavailability of empirical research papers. We also believe that our findings would have been more assertive if they were tested as hypothetical propositions drawn from the literature and through a consecutive research survey. The organisational culture explored in this study provides some innovative thoughts for building sustainable knowledge culture, particularly in an Indian context. These findings also highlight the importance of organisational culture in fostering managerial effectiveness.
Catecholamines: Knowledge and understanding in the 1960s, now, and in the future
Authors: Stanford S. Clare , Heal David J.
Published: January 2019

The late 1960s was a heyday for catecholamine research. Technological developments made it feasible to study the regulation of sympathetic neuronal transmission and to map the distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain. At last, it was possible to explain the mechanism of action of some important drugs that had been used in the clinic for more than a decade (e.g. the first generation of antidepressants) and to contemplate the rational development of new treatments (e.g. l-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy, to compensate for the dopaminergic neuropathy in Parkinson’s disease, and β1-adrenoceptor antagonists as antihypertensives). The fact that drug targeting noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic transmission are still the first-line treatments for many psychiatric disorders (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a testament to the importance of these neurotransmitters and the research that has helped us to understand the regulation of their function. This article celebrates some of the highlights of research at that time, pays tribute to some of the subsequent landmark studies, and appraises the options for where it could go next.
Migration of viscoacoustic data using acoustic reverse time migration with hybrid deblurring filters
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Guo Bowen , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: January 2019

Viscoacoustic migration can significantly compensate for the amplitude loss and phase distortion in migration images computed from highly attenuated data. However, solving the viscoacoustic wave equation requires a significant amount of storage space and computation time, especially for least-squares migration methods. To mitigate this problem, we used acoustic reverse time migration (RTM) instead of viscoacoustic migration to migrate the viscoacoustic data and then we correct the amplitude and phase distortion by hybrid deblurring filters in the image domain. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data demonstrate that acoustic RTM combined with hybrid deblurring filters can compensate for the attenuation effects and produce images with high resolution and balanced amplitudes. This procedure requires less than one-third of the storage space and is [Formula: see text] times faster compared with the viscoacoustic migration, but at the cost of mildly reduced accuracy. Here, [Formula: see text] represents the number of iterations used for least-squares migration method. This method can be extended to 3D migration at even a greater cost saving.
Predictive and Prognostic Properties of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 Expression in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatobiliary Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vos Larissa J. , Yusuf Dimas , Lui Arthur , Abdelaziz Zainab , Ghosh Sunita , Spratlin Jennifer L. , Mackey John R.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Gemcitabine, the primary drug for the treatment of pancreatobiliary cancer (PBC), requires human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) to enter cells. High tumoral hENT1 expression has been linked with improved survival among patients with PBC treated with gemcitabine; however, this finding has been inconsistent, and studies used different expression assays.

Methods

Databases were reviewed for studies that examined hENT1 and clinical outcome in PBC. Of 307 publications, 34 studies were found that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) with one of eight anti–hENT1 antibody assays. Five studies were excluded for redundancy, and 29 studies underwent detailed review.

Results

On average, 51% of tumor samples had high hENT1 expression (range, 7% to 92%). Among studies that examined hENT1 expression and overall survival (OS), 58% (15 of 26 studies) showed an association between high tumoral hENT1 and improved OS for gemcitabine-treated patients. Among 10D7G2 antibody studies, 88% (seven of eight studies) demonstrated this association. Studies with other antibodies—in particular, SP120 (two of nine studies)—were less consistent. The ability to detect an association between improved OS and high hENT1 was antibody dependent (χ2P = .0237). An association between high tumoral hENT1 expression and improved disease-free/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) was demonstrated in 71% of studies (15 of 21 studies). Pooled hazard ratio (HR) analyses of all antibody studies demonstrated a link between high hENT1 tumor expression and improved OS (HR, 0.674; 95% CI, 0.509 to 0.893; P = .006) and DFS/PFS (HR, 0.740; 95% CI, 0.517 to 0.1.059; P = .10). This signal was stronger among studies that used the 10D7G2 antibody in comparison to those in which another antibody was used, with HRs of 0.488 (95% CI, 0.396 to 0.602; P < .001) and 0.410 (95% CI, 0.280 to 0.599; P < .001), respectively.

Conclusion

High tumoral hENT1 expression on IHC with 10D7G2 is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker for improved outcome among gemcitabine-treated patients with PBC.
Temperature- and external K+-dependence of electrical excitation in ventricular myocytes of cod-like fishes
Authors: Abramochkin Denis V. , Haverinen Jaakko , Mitenkov Yuri A. , Vornanen Matti
Published: January 2019

Electrical excitability (EE) is vital for cardiac function and strongly modulated by temperature and external K+ concentration ([K+]o) as formulated in the hypothesis of temperature-dependent deterioration of electrical excitability (TDEE). Since little is known about EE of arctic stenothermic fishes, we tested the TDEE hypothesis on ventricular myocytes of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and navaga cod (Eleginus navaga) of the Arctic Ocean and those of temperate freshwater burbot (Lota lota). Ventricular action potentials (APs) were elicited in current-clamp experiments at 3, 9 and 15°C, and AP characteristics and the current needed to elicit AP were examined. At 3°C, ventricular APs of polar and navaga cod were similar but differed from that of burbot in having lower rate of AP upstroke and higher rate of repolarization. EE of ventricular myocytes - defined as the ease with which all-or-none APs are triggered - was little affected by acute temperature changes between 3 and 15°C in any species. However, AP duration (APD50) was drastically reduced at higher temperatures. Elevation of [K+]o from 3 to 5.4 and further to 8 mM at 3, 9 and 15°C strongly affected EE and AP characteristics in polar and navaga cod, but less in burbot. In all species, ventricular excitation was resistant to acute temperature elevations, while small increases in [K+]o severely compromised EE, in particular in the marine stenotherms. This suggests that EE of the heart in these Gadiformes species is well equipped against acute warming, but less so against the simultaneous temperature and exercise stresses.
Drosophila female fertility and juvenile hormone metabolism depends on the type of Wolbachia infection
Authors: Gruntenko Nataly E. , Karpova Evgenia K. , Adonyeva Natalya V. , Andreenkova Olga V. , Burdina Elena V. , Ilinsky Yury Yu. , Bykov Roman A. , Menshanov Petr N. , Rauschenbach Inga Yu.
Published: January 2019

Maternally inherited intracellular bacteria Wolbachia cause both parasitic and mutualistic effects on their numerous insect hosts that include manipulating the host reproductive system in order to increase the bacteria spreading in a host population, and increasing the host fitness. Here we demonstrate that the type of Wolbachia infection determines the effect on Drosophila melanogaster egg production as a proxy for fecundity and metabolism of juvenile hormone (JH), which acts as gonadotropin in adult insects. For this study we used six D. melanogaster lineages carrying the nuclear background of interbred Bi90 lineage and cytoplasmic backgrounds with Wolbachia of different genotype variants or without it. wMelCS genotype of Wolbachia decreases the egg production in the infected D. melanogaster females in the beginning of oviposion and increases it later (since the sixth day after eclosion), wMelPop Wolbachia strain causes the opposite effect, while wMel, wMel2 and wMel4 genotypes of Wolbachia do not show any effect on these traits compared to uninfected Bi90 D. melanogaster females. The intensity of JH catabolism negatively correlates with the fecundity level in the flies carrying both wMelCS and wMelPop Wolbachia. The JH catabolism in females infected with genotypes of wMel group does not differ from that in uninfected females. The effects of wMelCS and wMelPop infection on egg production can be leveled by the modulation of JH titre (via precocene/JH treatment of the flies). Thus, at least one of the mechanisms, promoting the effect of Wolbachia on D. melanogaster female fecundity, is mediated by JH.
Microbiological assessment of sachet water “pure water” from five regions in Ghana
Authors: Mosi Lydia , Adadey Samuel Mawuli , Sowah Sandra Akoley , Yeboah Charles
Published: January 2019

Background: Sachet water, popularly known as “pure water” has become an invaluable entity in most Ghanaian households. Despite its importance, there is no extensive nationwide investigations on its wholesomeness for consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of 41 brands of sachet water sampled in 16 districts across 5 regions in Ghana.

Methods: The samples were analyzed for the presence of total and fecal coliform (Escherichia coli) using the Colilert*- 18 Test Kit.

Results: Majority of the samples (56.09%) were excellent, 4.87% satisfactory and 14.63% suspicious. Ten samples (24.4%) were unsatisfactory. For the degree of fecal contamination, (85.56%) were satisfactory, four (9.76%) were suspicious, and two others (4.88%) were unsatisfactory. The contaminations observed could be attributed to poor sanitary conditions (during and/or after production) and failure of some production facilities to adhere to standard manufacturing practices.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that microbiological quality sachet water from some sources have not yet attained levels that make it absolutely pure and wholesome for consumption in many areas.
Investigation of the influence of a glutathione S-transferase metabolic resistance to pyrethroids/DDT on mating competitiveness in males Anopheles funestus, African malaria vector
Authors: Tchouakui Magellan , Tene Fossog Billy , Ngannang Brigitte Vanessa , Djonabaye Doumani , Tchapga Williams , Njiokou Flobert , Wondji Charles S.
Published: January 2019

Background:Metabolic resistance is a serious challenge to current insecticide-based interventions. The extent to which it affects natural populations of mosquitoes including their reproduction ability remains uncharacterised. Here, we investigated the potential impact of the glutathione S-transferase L119F-GSTe2 resistance on the mating competitiveness of maleAnopheles funestus, in Cameroon.

Methods:Swarms and indoor resting collections took place in March, 2018 in Tibati, Cameroon. WHO tube and cone assays were performed on F1mosquitoes from indoor collected females to assess the susceptibility profile of malaria vectors. Mosquitoes mated and unmated males collected in the swarms were genotyped for the L119F metabolic marker to assess its association with mating male competitiveness.

Results: Susceptibility and synergist assays, showed that this population was multiple resistant to pyrethroids, DDT and carbamates, likely driven by metabolic resistance mechanisms. Cone assays revealed a reduced efficacy of standard pyrethroid-nets (Olyset and PermaNet 2.0) with low mortality (<25%) whereas synergist PBO-Nets (Olyset Plus and PermaNet 3.0) retained greater efficacy with higher mortality (>80%). The L119F-GSTe2 mutation, conferring pyrethroid/DDT resistance, was detected in thisAn.funestuspopulation at a frequency of 28.8%. In addition, a total of 15 mating swarms were identified and 21An. funestuscouples were isolated from those swarms.  A comparative genotyping of the L119F-GSTe2 mutation between mated and unmated males revealed that heterozygote males 119L/F-RS were less able to mate than homozygote susceptible (OR=7.2, P<0.0001). Surprisingly, heterozygote mosquitoes were also less able to mate than homozygote resistant (OR=4.2, P=0.010) suggesting the presence of a heterozygote disadvantage effect. Overall, mosquitoes bearing the L119-S susceptible allele were significantly more able to mate than those with 119F-R resistant allele (OR=2.1, P=0.03).

Conclusion:This study provides preliminary evidences that metabolic resistance potentially exerts a fitness cost on mating competiveness in resistant mosquitoes.
Palliative care delivery: descriptions of community-based services in Vellore, India, and Seattle, Washington
Authors: Taub Jina M , Coats Heather , Coats Curtis , Doorenbos Ardith , Siva Rajeswari , Sadan Vathsala , Alexander Greeda , Immanuel Shandrila , Ravindran Vinitha , Chacko Selva Titus , Nolet Riana
Published: January 2019

Background:

A public health approach to palliative care supports community-dwelling adults with advanced illness. A better understanding of successful community-based palliative care programmes and partnerships is needed to expand community-based services for ageing populations.

Aims:

This study describes two organisations in two different countries that provide health and social services to community-dwelling adults with advanced illness.

Methods:

Unstructured key-informant interviews and observational data were collected at the Christian Medical College's College of Nursing Community Health Programme (Vellore, India) and at Phinney Neighborhood Association Village (Seattle, Washington, USA).

Findings:

College of Nursing Community Health Programme nurses work with volunteer community health workers to identify and provide client-focused support to ensure quality-of-life. The Phinney Neighborhood Association Village is a volunteer-led organisation that provides social support. Both serve community-dwelling adults with advanced illness.

Conclusion:

Partnerships between healthcare organisations and community volunteers support a public health approach to community-based palliative care.
Informational needs of family caregivers of people with intellectual disability who require palliative care: a two-phase integrative review of the literature
Authors: McKibben Laurie , Brazil Kevin , Hudson Peter , McLaughlin Dorry
Published: January 2019

Background:

People with intellectual disabilities are living longer, with increasingly complex needs and their family caregivers may have a broad scope of unmet needs.

Aims:

To identify the most common needs of family caregivers, to identify gaps in the literature, and distinguish the information needs of family caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities who require palliative care.

Methods:

This two phase literature review used five electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Cochrane and Pubmed). Phase 1 involved a review of systematic reviews of the needs of family caregivers across healthcare settings. Phase 2 explored the commonly reported information needs from phase 1, in relation to family caregivers of people with intellectual disability who require palliative care. There was no research explicit to the information needs of these family caregivers.

Findings:

This review reveals potential information needs which may exist, guided by the palliative caregiving literature; alluding to information needs surrounding the disease, finances, and psychological or practical support.

Conclusion:

It is surmised that a greater scope of informational need exists for this population and further research is pertinent for international healthcare settings.
Increased Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yin Jieyun , Zhu Zhengbao , Guo Daoxia , Wang Aili , Zeng Nimei , Zheng Xiaowei , Peng Yanbo , Zhong Chongke , Wang Guangli , Zhou Yiting , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Chen Jing , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a stress-responsive biomarker, is known to be independently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in different disease settings, but data on the prognostic value of GDF-15 after stroke are limited.

METHODS

Baseline serum GDF-15 was measured in 3066 acute ischemic stroke patients from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). The primary outcome was a composite of death and major disability within 3 months. Secondary outcomes included death, major disability, vascular events, and stroke recurrence. The associations between GDF-15 and clinical outcomes after stroke were assessed by multivariate logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

At 3 months' follow-up, 676 (22.05%), 86 (2.80%), 81 (2.64%), and 51 (1.66%) patients had experienced major disability, death, vascular events, or stroke recurrence, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, the odds ratio/hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1 SD higher of base-10 log-transformed GDF-15 was 1.26 (1.15–1.39) for primary outcome, 1.13 (1.02–1.25) for major disability, 1.79 (1.48–2.16) for death, and 1.26 (1.00–1.58) for vascular events. The addition of GDF-15 to established risk factors improved risk prediction of the composite outcome of death and major disability (c-statistic, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

High GDF-15 concentrations are independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke, suggesting that baseline serum GDF-15 could provide additional information to identify ischemic stroke patients at high risk of poor prognosis.
Tracking Sandy: Monmouth County Remembers
Authors: Ziobro Melissa
Published: January 2019

This article is a modified version of the exhibit text used in “Tracking Sandy: Monmouth County Remembers.” Guest curated for the Monmouth County Historical Association (MCHA) by the author of this piece, this crowdsourced exhibit was installed in MCHA’s headquarters in October 2017. The text is being published in this format to allow distribution to a wider audience/in perpetuity after the exhibit has come down, and to ensure the stories shared for the creation of the exhibit can continue to be told. This is not intended to be a comprehensive history of Sandy’s impact globally, in the US, or even on the entire state of New Jersey (NJ) specifically, nor is it a thorough case study on the effectiveness of crowdsourcing community history (though that may be an interesting subject for another discussion).
The centralisation of elearning resource development within the New Zealand vocational tertiary education sector
Authors: O'Brien Ray , Hartnett Maggie , Rawlins Peter
Published: January 2019

The tertiary education sector is subject to significant and rapid change such as disruption from technology, diminishing government funding, demand for more personalised learning, and the need to meet the demands of a rapidly changing workplace. These changes create challenges. The centralisation of skills and resources has been mooted as potentially contributing to solutions for some of these challenges such as maintaining quality at scale, and maximising cost effectiveness. The lack of research, however, around centralised development of elearning resources makes it difficult to argue that such a claim applies to elearning resource development. This article describes the extent and form of functional centralisation of elearning resource development in the vocational tertiary education sector within New Zealand. Findings established that three categories of organisational centralisation exist; decentralised, centralised, and highly centralised. The majority of the institutions in this study fitted the centralised or highly centralised categories. These findings can be used to inform decisions around organisation of elearning resource development, the composition of central teams, and the centralisation of entire sectors within tertiary education.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-ol, C15H11ClFN3O2
Authors: Li Yong , Wu Yun-Deng , Wang Jingjing
Published: January 2019

C15H11ClFN3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.9430(8) Å, b = 9.3196(5) Å, c = 12.5959(8) Å, β = 115.861(8)° V = 1367.21(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0512, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1359, T = 296(2) K.
Modeling of Relative Exergy Destruction for Turboprop Engine Components Using Deep Learning Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Baklacioglu Tolga , Turan Onder , Aydin Hakan
Published: January 2019

This study illustrates an deep learning approach supported by a metaheuristic design targeting the foremost features and parameters of artificial neural network (ANN) framework used in predicting relative exergy destruction (

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) of a turboprop components. The development of deep ANN comprising of three-hidden layers using data obtained considering multiple engine input parameters was accomplished. Once the deep learning ANN frameworks were hybridized with a metaheuristic approach, such as genetic algorithms (GAs). The analysis of errors revealed a close fit involving the predicted values of the model and references made on data in

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for the engine main components. The use of appropriately chosen values in preceding networks weights produced more accurate testing results (Linear correlation coefficient values (R) for the engine components are found to be between 0.996497 and 0.998986) in networks using three hidden layers compared to those using lower hidden layers. Furthermore, optimizing deep ANNs using GAs delivers not only further improved accuracy (R is calculated to be in the range of 0.998929–0.999966 for the engine components) but also an effective utilization of time in the resulting models.
First Fieldwork
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

The authors spend a year living in a horse-drawn wagon in a camp among Irish Travellers, a nomadic group similar to the Roma. There they experience firsthand what it is like to be members of a socially marginalized group. The chapter discusses the relationships created between anthropologists and the people they study and the daily routines and challenges of fieldwork.
Politics and Fieldwork
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

The chapter introduces the subfield of applied anthropology. Here the anthropologists are commissioned by the British Department of the Environment to find out what kind of “sites” should be built for highly nomadic British Gypsies. The goal is to minimize the negative impact their arrival in urban areas has on local residents and government authorities, while providing for Gypsy families’ basic needs. The chapter discusses conducting research in a highly politicized environment, one involving Gypsy organizations and a national election which brings in a new ruling party with a very different agenda for Gypsies.
Studying Subsistence in Sitka
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

The aim of this applied research, conducted for Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game, is to examine how residents, both Native and non-Native, of an “urban” Alaskan community harvest and use wild foods. At the time, most research on “subsistence” (or household provisioning) was conducted in small villages with majority Native populations. The goal is to provide baseline data that will be used by the ADF&G and other government bodies to manage Alaska’s wild resources. The chapter discusses designing and administering a random household survey and the synergy that can exist between quantitative and qualitative research methods.
In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the experiences of anthropology students in the East African city of Moshi, Tanzania. Moshi, located on the lower slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and home to the Chagga people, is a center for mountain climbing and wildlife tourism. The students live with local families and cope with the challenges of life in an developing country--frequent power outages, hazardous traffic, malaria-carrying mosquitos, poverty, and a different sense of time and gender relations—which pose problems for their health, psychological well-being, and research objectives. They adapt and, in the process, reassess some of their own values.
Fieldwork from Campus
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

While nothing can equal the experience of doing fieldwork in an unfamiliar culture, it is possible for students to approximate it close to home. Two fieldwork assignments the authors use in anthropology classes give students hands-on experience. One involves conducting participant observation in local bingo halls. In the other, students interview international students on campus. Both teach important research and life skills (e.g., observation, communication, analysis), but the latter, in particular, gives students insight into their own culture and awareness of ethnocentrism.
The Changing Nature of Fieldwork
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

The concluding chapter teases out threads running through the preceding narratives while examining how fieldwork and, more generally, cultural anthropology has changed over the past half-century. It reveals much about the strengths of anthropology and why its methodology has been adopted by other disciplines.
Psychological Overinvolvement, Emotional Distress, and Daily Affect Following Marital Dissolution
Authors: Bourassa Kyle J. , Tackman Allison M. , Mehl Matthias R. , Sbarra David A.
Published: January 2019

Martial dissolution is associated with risk for poor mental health outcomes, but less is known about the variables and processes that may explain this risk. In a sample of recently-separated adults (N = 138), this study examined the association of psychological overinvolvement—assessed using a composite of self-reported rumination, language use, and judge-rated recounting and reconstruing—with daily affect and psychological distress. We included objective measures of sleep, behavioral displays of distress, and social engagement as potential mediators of these associations. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, greater psychological overinvolvement predicted higher levels of psychological distress, lower happiness, and greater sadness five months later. Psychological overinvolvement also predicted change in sadness, but not happiness or psychological distress, over five months. Contrary to our predictions, none of the candidate mediators explained these associations. Exploratory analyses suggested that the self-reported rumination component of the psychological overinvolvement composite largely accounted for the association between psychological overinvolvement and the three outcomes. People’s tendency to become overinvolved in their psychological experience after divorce predicts increased risk for distress in the months following marital separation.
PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN, PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA
Authors: Indriyani Lisa , Margunani Margunani
Published: January 2019

Penelitian bertujuan ingin mengetahui apakah kepribadian, pendidikan kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa kelas XI kompetensi keahlian akuntansi SMK N 1 Demak tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI kompetensi keahlian akuntansi SMK N 1 Demak tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 110 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan angket/kuesioner dan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kepribadian, pendidikan kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan. Kepribadian secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan, pendidikan kewirausahaan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan, dan lingkungan keluarga secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kepribadian, pendidikan kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan keluarga   berpengaruh signifikan baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Saran penelitian ini adalah agar guru meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan kewirausahaan yang diterima oleh siswa serta keluarga berperan dalam memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan berwirausaha.

 

 

This research aims to test whether there is influence between personality, entrepreneurship education, and family environment to entrepreneurial interest are the students of class XI of accountary in SMK N 1 Demak at 2018. This type of research is quantitative research. Population and sample of this research are the student student of class XI of accountary in SMK N 1 Demak at 2018 which the number is to 110 student. The technique of collecting data is using quesioner. Data analysis technique usd is descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. The result of this research is to indicate  thar personality, entrepreneurship education, and family environment simultaneously giving a significant influence to the entrepreneurship interest. Partially, personality has a significant effect on the entrepreneurship interest. Entrepreneurship education is partially significant towards the interest in entrepreneurship. Family environment significantly affects entrepreneurship interest. Conclusion of this research is that personality, entrepreneurship education, and family environment have a significant effect on entrepreneurship interest either simultaneously or partially. The suggestion of this research is that the teacher to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education received by the student as well as the family environment in giving knowledge and entrepreneurship skill.
PENGARUH PKL, LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, AKSES INFORMASI DAN EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA
Authors: Rahmayanti Devina , Bowo Prasetyo Ari , Sakitri Wijang
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh secara simultan maupun parsial antara praktik kerja lapangan, lingkungan keluarga, akses informasi, dan efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa kelas XII di SMK Negeri 3 Jepara Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, dokumentasi,dan angket/kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif signifikan antara praktik kerja lapangan, lingkungan keluarga, akses informasi dan efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa SMK sebesar 75,2%. Secara parsial menunjukkan, ada pengaruh signifikan praktik kerja lapangan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa sebesar 10,30%, ada pengaruh signifikan lingkungan keluarga terhadap kesiapan kerja sebesar 8,52%, ada pengaruh signifikan akses informasi terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa sebesar 21,16% dan ada pengaruh signifikan efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa sebesar 5,24%. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah sebaiknya praktik kerja lapangan selama tiga bulan digunakan siswa sebagai bekal memasuki dunia kerja serta memperbanyak pengalaman diluar sekolah untuk meningkatkan keyakinan diri memasuki dunia kerja.

 

 

The purpose of this study is to determine wheter there is a simultaneous or partial influences beetween field work practices, family environment, acces to information, and self-efficacy to the work readiness of XII grade students at SMK Negeri 3 Jepara in 2018/2019 school year. Data collection methods were interview, documentation acces, and quwstionanaire. Data analysis techniques used desciptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that there is a significant positive effect between field work practices, family environment, acces to information and self efficacy to the readiness of vocational studens by 75,2 %. Partially, there is a significant effect of field work practices on the student work readiness of 10,30%, there is a significant influence on family work readiness of 8,52%, there is a significant influence of information acces to student work readiness of 21,16% and there is a significant effect of self-efficacy on student job readiness of 5,24%. Suggestions from this research are:  the practice of field work for three months is used by students as provisions to enter work and to increase experience outside of school to increase sefl-confidence in entering the work.