bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schwachpunkt Visite
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Getrennte oder gemeinsame Visite – so lautete die Frage des Monats in der Juli-Ausgabe der kma. Manchem mag sie belanglos scheinen. Doch wie brisant sie ist, zeigt der jetzt erschienene Bericht der Kommission ”Patientensicherheit”, die die Morde der Krankenschwester Irene Becker in der Charité untersucht hat.
Zielmarke 10 Prozent
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Alle jammern über den Investitionsstau. Ullrich Eidenmüller nicht. Der FDP-Bürgermeister und Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende des Städtischen Klinikums Karlsruhe traut den kommunalen Kliniken zu, fehlende Finanzmittel durch Umsatzrenditen von bis zu 10 Prozent zu erwirtschaften und so ihre Zukunft aus eigener Kraft zu sichern. Wichtige Voraussetzungen: dass Hierarchien abgebaut und Abläufe modern organisiert werden. Und: dass die Politik die Finger aus dem Spiel lässt.
Denkanstösse
Authors: Spielberg Petra
Published: March 2016

Öffentliche Krankenhäuser müssen weiter damit rechnen, dass die EU-Kommission die staatlichen Zahlungen, mit denen die Einrichtungen ihre betrieblichen Defizite ausgleichen können, unter die Lupe nimmt. Das Europäische Gericht erster Instanz hat die Behörde dazu aufgefordert, einer entsprechenden Beschwerde des Asklepios-Konzerns aus dem Jahr 2003 nachzugehen. Der Bundesverband Deutscher Privatkliniken (BDPK) kündigte unterdessen an, auch auf nationaler Ebene gegen die Begünstigungen vorgehen zu wollen.
Zusammenscharen
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Noch vor einem Jahr hat sie das Wettbewerbsstärkungsgesetz (GKV-WSG) als Vorsitzende des Verbandes der Angestelltenkrankenkassen heftig bekämpft. Heute profitiert sie von dem Gesetz als frisch gewählte Vorstandsvorsitzende des Spitzenverbandes Bund.
Drang zum Zwang
Authors: Ehrhardt Jana
Published: March 2016

Das Bundesgesundheitsministerium wollte gesetzlich Versicherte in Früherkennungsmaßnahmen zwingen und Nichtteilnehmer finanziell bestrafen. Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss hat mit seinem Beschluss jetzt die Versicherten vor dem Gesetzgeber geschützt.
Die Idealisten
Authors: Niermann Inga , Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Roberto Marconi schreibt das Wort Familie groß. Er ist damit der perfekte Deutschland-Geschäftsführer für die amerikanische Altenheimkette Sunrise, die auf häusliche und liebevolle Atmosphäre schwört. Doch nur wenige Deutsche wollen den Preis für den hohen Personalschlüssel und die ungewöhnlichen Konzepte zahlen.
Die Party ist aus
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Die Börse ist keine Einbahnstraße. Dies zeigt nach dem monatelangen Rekordhoch die scharfe Korrektur Mitte Juli. Grund für den Rückgang von Dax und Mdax sind Probleme auf den US-Immoblienmärkten. Sie könnten die Aktienmärkte längere Zeit in Atem halten. Auch die Klinik- und Pflegeheimaktien befinden sich in Gefahr.
In den Startlöchern
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Das Potenzial für Fusionen und Übernahmen bei Kliniken und Pflegeheimen ist enorm. An privaten Mitteln mangelt es nicht. Es fehlen aber Anlagemöglichkeiten. Doch das wird sich vermutlich bald ändern.
Ohne Fingerspitzengefühl
Authors: Murzin Gunter
Published: March 2016

Als der private Krankenhausbetreiber Asklepios die Hälfte der Hamburger Landesbetriebe Krankenhaus (LBK) übernahm, blickten Insider staunend nach Hamburg. Trotz eines ablehnenden Bürgervotums hatte der frischgebackene Erste Bürgermeister Ole von Beust die Häuser privatisiert – ein mutiger, politisch nicht ungefährlicher Akt.
Entwicklungsland Deutschland
Authors: Schmincke Polly
Published: March 2016

Mindestens 1,5 Milliarden Euro lassen sich durch mehr ambulantes Operieren im Gesundheitswesen einsparen. Dafür müsse aber, so die neu gegründete Deutsche Tagesklinikgesellschaft (DTKG e.V.), die Politik die notwendigen Bedingungen schaffen, unter anderem mit der Einführung ambulanter Fallpauschalen. Bislang würden ambulante Operationen oft nicht einmal kostendeckend vergütet.
Tacheles reden
Authors: Glatzer Ulrich
Published: March 2016

Bodo Müller, Gynäkologe und Chefarzt bei Vivantes, hat mit Esanum.de ein unabhängiges, werbefreies Internetforum für Mediziner initiiert. Der Schutz der Anonymität ermöglicht einen ungewöhnlich offenen Gedankenaustausch.
Nicht umsonst
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Krankenhäusern, die bei der Gehaltseinstufung ihrer Ärzte nicht das Arzt-im-Praktikum (AiP) als Berufserfahrung anrechnen, könnten bald Klagen ins Haus flattern. Ein Assistenzarzt der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg klagte jetzt erfolgreich vor dem Arbeitsgericht Magdeburg.
Ernst gemacht
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Die Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Arzneimittelindustrie zeigt erste Erfolge. Der Bundesverband der Pharmazeutischen Industrie verlässt deswegen jetzt den Verein. Der Austritt zeigt den Unwillen von Teilen der Branche, sich auf ethische Standards einzulassen.
Transparente Prozesse
Authors: Heuer Claudia
Published: March 2016

Der deutsche Hilfsmittelmarkt ist ein undurchsichtiges Gewirr. Es geht um Prozesse wie Neukauf, Pauschale, Rückholung, Wiedereinsatz. Das alles gilt es zwischen Krankenkassen, Sanitätshäusern und Patienten zu koordinieren. Wie immer könnte Kommunikation ein Schritt in die richtige Richtung sein. Die intelligente Hilfsmittelplattform “ZHP-online” der HMM Deutschland GmbH ist ein solcher Schritt.
Radikale Verbandsarbeit
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Der Bund Niedergelassener Kardiologen ist einer der kleinsten deutschen Ärzte­verbände. Aber er betreibt für seine Mitglieder die größte Servicegesellschaft für praktizierende Ärzte, die es in Deutschland gibt.
Schwere Zeiten
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Die Akteure der Aktienmärkte sind orientierungslos. Das alles beherrschende Thema ist nach wie vor die Immobilienkrise in den USA und deren Auswirkung auf die Konjunktur. Bei den börsenotierten Klinik- und Pflegeheimaktien war die Aktie vom Rhön-Klinikum der einzige Lichtblick. Sie entwickelte sich deutlich besser als der Markt.
Tendenz: freundlich
Authors: Geisendorf Nicklas
Published: March 2016

Immer mehr FM-Anbieter entdecken das Gesundheitswesen für sich. Damit kann Leben in den Markt kommen und sich das Preisgefüge deutlich verändern. Das böte Chancen für Kliniken, guten Service für weniger Geld einzukaufen.
Porträt Barbara Schulte
Authors: Otto Volkmar
Published: March 2016

Barbara Schulte hat eine rasante Karriere gemacht. Die gelernte Krankenschwester ist Mitglied des Vorstands des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein. Lehre, Berufserfahrung und Betriebswirtschaftsstudium sind ein Teil ihrer Qualifikation. Entschlossenheit, Beharrungsvermögen und Geschick ein anderer. Ihre unerschütterliche Frohnatur hat sicherlich auch geholfen. Und Schleswig-Holstein soll nicht die Endstation sein.
Senior-Expertentagung
Authors: Mengelkamp Theo , Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Nah am Kunden
Authors: Schmincke Polly
Published: March 2016

Die Techniker Krankenkasse betreibt in Köln jetzt ihr erstes Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum. Weitere sollen im nächsten Jahr folgen. Und das Beste ist: Auch die Versicherten aller anderen Kassen können sich dort behandeln lassen.
Chefs zieren sich
Authors: Rudzik Peter
Published: March 2016

September 2007: Zielvereinbarungsgespräche – Stärken suchen
Traumhafte Margen
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Das betreute Wohnen veranlasst einen Homo oeconomicus nicht zu Luftsprüngen. Es sei denn, es handelt sich um Intensivpflege-Gruppen. Diese stehen sehr viel besser da als die Pflegeheime: Sie erhalten satte Pauschalen für die Behandlungspflege.
3. Kongress Klinikkommunikation 2007
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Wie kann sich eine Klinik optimal in einem der großen Zukunftsmärkte positionieren?
Elektronischer Überblick
Authors: Geisendorf Nicklas
Published: March 2016

Ob Einkaufsgemeinschaft, Klinikverbund oder Klinikkette, sie teilen dasselbe Problem: Einkauf bedeutet Komplexität bei Präparaten, Anbietern und Preisgefügen. Spezielle Software kann jedoch helfen, Margen und Mengen im Blick zu behalten – und Kosten im Griff.
Immer flüssig
Authors: Geisendorf Nicklas
Published: March 2016

Wasserkästen schleppen oder lieber den Hahn aufdrehen? Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen versprechen, Kosten zu sparen und den logistischen Aufwand zu minimieren.
Porträt Thomas Greiner
Authors: Stern Sara
Published: March 2016

Nach gescheiterten Versuchen mit Kandidaten von außerhalb hat Peter Dussmann seinen neuen Vorstandsvorsitzenden jetzt im eigenen Haus gefunden: Thomas Greiner kommt – wie Dussmann selbst – aus Rottweil in Schwaben. Schwaben sind gewöhnlich sehr selbstbewusste Leute. Greiner ist zudem im Sternzeichen des Widders geboren. Denen wird besonderer Siegeswille nachgesagt. Was soll da noch schiefgehen?
Souverän und sensibel
Authors: Schiekiera Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Das Aussprechen einer Kündigung gehört zu den gefürchtetsten Aufgaben von Vorgesetzten. Oft bemühen sie sich vergeblich um einen Spagat zwischen Mitgefühl und unternehmerischen Interessen. Eine genaue Dramaturgie kann jedoch helfen, die Situation erträglicher zu machen.
EDV und Technik im Krankenhaus
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2016

Verbandsnachrichten der FKT - Fachvereinigung Krankenhaustechnik (e. V.). Diese Seiten sind nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Und noch ’ne Gesundheitsakte
Authors: Heuer Claudia
Published: March 2016

So heftig das Thema “elektronische Gesundheitskarte” in Fachkreisen auch diskutiert wird, es hält niemanden davon ab, eigene Projekte aufzusetzen. Die Zeit ist reif. Im Rahmen eines begleitenden Forschungsvorhabens hat nun auch die größte gesetzliche Krankenversicherung Deutschlands, die Barmer Ersatzkasse, den Startschuss für eine persönliche Gesundheitsakte gegeben.
Wasser predigen, Wein trinken
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Bis dato galt er als der Verfechter einer interessenfreien unabhängigen Medizin im Gesundheitswesen, Peter Sawicki, Leiter des Instituts für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit.
Der Run lässt nach
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Der Mitgliederzuwachs der privaten Krankenversicherung (PKV) schwächt sich weiter ab. Im ersten Halbjahr 2007 traten unter dem Strich fast 10.000 Personen weniger in die PKV ein als noch im Vergleichszeitraum des Vorjahres. Erklärt wurde dies bei der Präsentation der PKV-Geschäftszahlen 2006/2007 mit strengeren Aufnahmekriterien, die seit diesem Jahr gelten.
Praxisnahe Hilfe
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Die deutsche Gesellschaft für Chi­rurgie (DGCH) hat jetzt einen Leitfaden zur richtigen Gewebeentnahme veröffentlicht.
In bewährter Manier
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Rudolf Henke ist neuer Vorsitzender des Marburger Bundes. Die Delegierten der 112. MB-Hauptversammlung wählten ihn mit 81,4 Prozent der Stimmen. Frank-Ulrich Montgomery stellte sich nach 18 Jahren MB-Vorsitz nicht mehr zur Wahl.
Klagenfurt falsch dargestellt
Authors: Wetzlinger Herwig , Direktor kaufmännischer , Klagenfurt Landeskrankenhaus
Published: March 2016

Oktober 2007: Strategiespiel – Warum geht bei Klinikneubauten so vieles schief? Das LKH Klagenfurt errichtet einen Neubau über circa 700 Betten und gleichzeitig ein neues Ver- und Entsorgungszentrum. Die Investition von 314 Millionen Euro dient einer kompletten Neuausrichtung eines der größten europäischen nicht universitären Krankenhäuser.
Folgenloses Kommen und Gehen
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Die Ankunft oder auch der Abschied eines Menschen auf unserer Erde geschieht noch weitgehend unbemerkt.
Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag mit einem Arzt in der Weiterbildung
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Sachverhalt: Die Parteien streiten darüber, ob ihr Arbeitsverhältnis aufgrund einer Befristung geendet hat. Der Kläger ist Assistenzarzt in der Weiterbildung und war erstmals in der Zeit vom 1. Juni 1995 bis zum 31. Mai 1998 in der neurochirurgischen Abteilung des von dem beklagten Verein betriebenen Krankenhauses beschäftigt.
Spitzen-Lobbyismus
Authors: Ehrhardt Jana
Published: March 2016

Ein dritter Facharztverband ist jetzt aus der Taufe gehoben worden. Nach anfänglichen Querelen hat man sich rasch geeinigt: Klinik- und niedergelassene Fachärzte sollen künftig unter einem Dach vertreten werden. Das gemeinsame Ziel: eine höhere politische Schlagkraft. Mit der freundlichen Unterstützung der Kassenärztlichen Bundesvereinigung dürfte das auch gelingen.
Brüder, zur Sonne!
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Erster beim Markenaufbau, Erster bei den Qualitätsberichten, hemdsärmelig und volksnah – Helios gilt unter den privaten Klinikbetreibern als Musterknabe. Francesco De Meo, der zum Jahreswechsel den Chefposten von Ralf Michels übernimmt, setzt alles daran, diesen Ruf zu festigen.
Hoffnungsfrohes Horoskop
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Das Jahr geht zu Ende, Zeit also für einen Rückblick: Die meisten börsennotierten Klinikunternehmen sehen ihre Prognosen 2007 bestätigt, manche können sie sogar anheben. Das erstaunt nicht, denn auch die Quartalszahlen dieser Unternehmen waren mehr als zufriedenstellend. Auch der Ausblick auf den Kursverlauf 2008 ist positiv.
Dem Schlaganfall auf der Spur
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: March 2016

In Bad Neustadt läuft ein Projekt namens Stroke Angel, das die Diagnose des Schlaganfalls beschleunigen und den Rettungsdienst besser mit den Kliniken vernetzen soll. Dank einer computergestützten Checkliste am Unfallort konnte die neurologische Klinik vor Ort ihre Lysequote verdoppeln.
Die Magie der Kaffeepause
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Selbst organisiert, selbst gesteuert, spontan, ungeplant – das soll eine Managementmethode sein? So esoterisch, wie sie zunächst klingt, ist die Open-Space-Technology nicht. Selbst große Unternehmen und Organisationen wie BMW und die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung setzen sie ein, inzwischen auch das eine oder andere Krankenhaus.
Standards werden angemahnt
Authors: Heuer Claudia
Published: March 2016

In den Operationssälen wird es immer komplizierter. Die technischen Gerät­schaf­ten sollen Ärzte bei ihren Eingriffen unterstützen. Dass diese fachkundig bedient werden müssen, wird dabei gerne vergessen. Längst sind die Zeiten vorbei, in denen beispielsweise Herzchirurgen von sich behaupten konnten, die OP alleine zum Erfolg zu führen. Kardiotechniker gewinnen eine größere Bedeutung, doch es gibt zu wenige.
Gruppenegoismus
Authors: Mühlnikel Ingrid
Published: March 2016

Es schmerzt manchmal richtig zu sehen, wie irrational und ignorant gegen das Gemeinwohl gerichtet Politik in Deutschland gemacht wird. Da wird vor fünf Jahren unter lautstarken Protesten und einer gehörigen Portion Angst unter den über eine Million Mitarbeitern in den Krankenhäusern das Fallpauschalenvergütungssystem in Deutschland eingeführt. Eine riesige Kraftanstrengung – die mit deutscher Perfektion und Gründlichkeit gemeistert wurde. Jetzt ist dieses Reformprojekt nahezu beendet, und alle sind zufrieden: Krankenhäuser, Selbstverwaltung und die Politik. Aber die Umstellung der Vergütungssysteme im stationären Sektor ist lediglich ein Baustein eines langfristig angelegten Reformprozesses im deutschen Krankenhauswesen.
1.1 C—C Bond Formation by Arene C—H Activation
Authors: Melkonyan F. , Gevorgyan V.
Published: March 2016

The palladium(0)-catalyzed C—H arylation reaction is one of the pioneering transformations in C—H activation chemistry in general. In the past two decades, the method has been extensively developed and now represents a very powerful tool for the construction of C(sp2)—C(sp2) bonds. In this chapter, the palladium(0)-catalyzed C—H arylation of aromatic compounds is reviewed. The application of the method toward the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a variety of biaryl compounds, and natural products, with emphasis on the most practical and efficient protocols, are discussed.
The diffusion equation for a solute confined to a moving surface
Authors: Johns L. E.
Published: March 2016

The concentration of a solute adsorbed at a phase boundary is affected by the motion of the surface on which it lies. Our aim is to account for this whether or not the surface is material. To do this we begin with a theorem presented by Milne, true for any moving surface, and derive a formula for ddt∫SdA c, where c is defined only on the surface S.
Development of multi-mode diabatic spin-orbit models at arbitrary order
Authors: Weike Thomas , Eisfeld Wolfgang
Published: March 2016

The derivation of diabatic spin-orbit (SO) Hamiltonians is presented, which are expanded in terms of nuclear coordinates to arbitrary order including the treatment of multi-mode systems, having more than one mode of the same symmetry. The derivation is based on the microscopic Breit-Pauli SO operator and the consequent utilization of time reversal and spatial symmetry transformation properties of basis functions and coordinates. The method is demonstrated for a set of 2E and 2A1 states in C3v∗ (double group) symmetry, once for a 3D case of one a1 and one e mode and once for a 9D case of three a1 and three e coordinates. It is shown that the general structure of the diabatic SO Hamiltonian only depends on the basis states and is strictly imposed by time reversal symmetry. The resulting matrix can be expressed easily by a power series using six parametrized structure matrices as expansion coefficients multiplied by the associated monomials in terms of symmetrized coordinates. The explicit example presented here provides a full-dimensional diabatic SO model for methyl halide cations, which will be studied in the future.
Design and optimization of a modular setup for measurements of three-dimensional spin polarization with ultrafast pulsed sources
Authors: Pincelli T. , Petrov V. N. , Brajnik G. , Ciprian R. , Lollobrigida V. , Torelli P. , Krizmancic D. , Salvador F. , De Luisa A. , Sergo R. , Gubertini A. , Cautero G. , Carrato S. , Rossi G. , Panaccione G.
Published: March 2016

ULTRASPIN is an apparatus devoted to the measurement of the spin polarization (SP) of electrons ejected from solid surfaces in a UHV environment. It is designed to exploit ultrafast light sources (free electron laser or laser high harmonic generation) and to perform (photo)electron spin analysis by an arrangement of Mott scattering polarimeters that measure the full SP vector. The system consists of two interconnected UHV vessels: one for surface science sample cleaning treatments, e-beam deposition of ultrathin films, and low energy electron diffraction/AES characterization. The sample environment in the polarimeter allows for cryogenic cooling and in-operando application of electric and magnetic fields. The photoelectrons are collected by an electrostatic accelerator and transport lens that form a periaxial beam that is subsequently directed by a Y-shaped electrostatic deflector to either one of the two orthogonal Mott polarimeters. The apparatus has been designed to operate in the extreme conditions of ultraintense single-X-ray pulses as originated by free electron lasers (up to 1 kHz), but it allows also for the single electron counting mode suitable when using statistical sources such as synchrotron radiation, cw-laser, or e-gun beams (up to 150 kcps).
Plasma crystal dynamics measured with a three-dimensional plenoptic camera
Authors: Jambor M. , Nosenko V. , Zhdanov S. K. , Thomas H. M.
Published: March 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of a single-layer plasma crystal was performed using a commercial plenoptic camera. To enhance the out-of-plane oscillations of particles in the crystal, the mode-coupling instability (MCI) was triggered in it by lowering the discharge power below a threshold. 3D coordinates of all particles in the crystal were extracted from the recorded videos. All three fundamental wave modes of the plasma crystal were calculated from these data. In the out-of-plane spectrum, only the MCI-induced hot spots (corresponding to the unstable hybrid mode) were resolved. The results are in agreement with theory and show that plenoptic cameras can be used to measure the 3D dynamics of plasma crystals.
Dynamics of the entropic insertion of a large sphere into a cylindrical vessel
Authors: Hara Ryohei , Amano Ken-ichi , Kinoshita Masahiro , Yoshimori Akira
Published: March 2016

Insertion of a solute into a vessel comprising biopolymers is a fundamental function in a biological system. The entropy originating from the translational displacement of solvent particles plays an essential role in the insertion. Here we study the dynamics of entropic insertion of a large spherical solute into a cylindrical vessel. The solute and the vessel are immersed in small spheres forming the solvent. We develop a theoretical method formulated using the Fokker-Planck equation. The spatial distribution of solute-vessel entropic potential, which is calculated by the three-dimensional integral equation theory combined with rigid-body models, serves as input data. The key quantity analyzed is the density of the probability of finding the solute at any position at any time. It is found that the solute is inserted along the central axis of the vessel cavity and trapped at a position where the entropic potential takes a local minimum value. The solute keeps being trapped without touching the vessel inner surface. In a significantly long time τ, the solute transfers to the position in contact with the vessel bottom possessing the global potential minimum along the central axis. As the solute size increases, τ becomes remarkably longer. We also discuss the relevance of our result to the functional expression of a chaperonin/cochaperonin in the assistance of protein folding.
Discovery of stationary operation of quiescent H-mode plasmas with net-zero neutral beam injection torque and high energy confinement on DIII-D
Authors: Burrell K. H. , Barada K. , Chen X. , Garofalo A. M. , Groebner R. J. , Muscatello C. M. , Osborne T. H. , Petty C. C. , Rhodes T. L. , Snyder P. B. , Solomon W. M. , Yan Z. , Zeng L.
Published: March 2016

Recent experiments in DIII-D [J. L. Luxon et al., in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] have led to the discovery of a means of modifying edge turbulence to achieve stationary, high confinement operation without Edge Localized Mode (ELM) instabilities and with no net external torque input. Eliminating the ELM-induced heat bursts and controlling plasma stability at low rotation represent two of the great challenges for fusion energy. By exploiting edge turbulence in a novel manner, we achieved excellent tokamak performance, well above the H98y2 international tokamak energy confinement scaling (H98y2 = 1.25), thus meeting an additional confinement challenge that is usually difficult at low torque. The new regime is triggered in double null plasmas by ramping the injected torque to zero and then maintaining it there. This lowers E × B rotation shear in the plasma edge, allowing low-k, broadband, electromagnetic turbulence to increase. In the H-mode edge, a narrow transport barrier usually grows until MHD instability (a peeling ballooning mode) leads to the ELM heat burst. However, the increased turbulence reduces the pressure gradient, allowing the development of a broader and thus higher transport barrier. A 60% increase in pedestal pressure and 40% increase in energy confinement result. An increase in the E × B shearing rate inside of the edge pedestal is a key factor in the confinement increase. Strong double-null plasma shaping raises the threshold for the ELM instability, allowing the plasma to reach a transport-limited state near but below the explosive ELM stability boundary. The resulting plasmas have burning-plasma-relevant βN = 1.6–1.8 and run without the need for extra torque from 3D magnetic fields. To date, stationary conditions have been produced for 2 s or 12 energy confinement times, limited only by external hardware constraints. Stationary operation with improved pedestal conditions is highly significant for future burning plasma devices, since operation without ELMs at low rotation and good confinement is key for fusion energy production.
Electron band bending of polar, semipolar and non-polar GaN surfaces
Authors: Bartoš I. , Romanyuk O. , Houdkova J. , Paskov P. P. , Paskova T. , Jiříček P.
Published: March 2016

The magnitudes of the surface band bending have been determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for polar, semipolar, and non-polar surfaces of wurtzite GaN crystals. All surfaces have been prepared from crystalline GaN samples grown by the hydride-vapour phase epitaxy and separated from sapphire substrates. The Ga 3d core level peak shifts have been used for band bending determination. Small band bending magnitudes and also relatively small difference between the band bendings of the surfaces with opposite polarity have been found. These results point to the presence of electron surface states of different amounts and types on surfaces of different polarity and confirm the important role of the electron surface states in compensation of the bound surface polarity charges in wurtzite GaN crystals.
Enhancement of magnetoresistance by inserting thin NiAl layers at the interfaces in Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5/Ag/Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5 current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudo spin valves
Authors: Jung J. W. , Sakuraba Y. , Sasaki T. T. , Miura Y. , Hono K.
Published: March 2016

We have investigated the effects of insertion of a thin NiAl layer (≤0.63 nm) into a Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5 (CFGG)/Ag interface on the magnetoresistive properties in CFGG/Ag/CFGG current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) pseudo spin valves (PSVs). First-principles calculations of ballistic transmittance clarified that the interfacial band matching at the (001)-oriented NiAl/CFGG interface is better than that at the (001)-Ag/CFGG interface. The insertion of 0.21-nm-thick NiAl layers at the Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5/Ag interfaces effectively improved the magnetoresistance (MR) output; the observed average and the highest MR ratio (ΔRA) are 62% (25 mΩ μm2) and 77% (31 mΩ μm2) at room temperature, respectively, which are much higher than those without NiAl insertion. Microstructural analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of thin NiAl layers at the Ag interfaces with only modest interdiffusion even after annealing at 550 °C. The improvement of the interfacial spin-dependent scattering by very thin NiAl insertion can be a predominant reason for the enhancement of the MR output.
Enhanced Faraday rotation in hybrid magneto-optical metamaterial structure of bismuth-substituted-iron-garnet with embedded-gold-wires
Authors: Sadatgol Mehdi , Rahman Mahfuzur , Forati Ebrahim , Levy Miguel , Güney Durdu Ö.
Published: March 2016

We propose an alternative class of magneto-optical metamaterials offering enhanced angle of rotation in polarization compared to pure magneto-optical materials. In this approach, the permittivity tensor of a magneto-optical material is tailored by embedded wire meshes. We show that the angle of rotation in the magneto-optical metamaterial can be enhanced up to 9 times compared to pure magneto-optical material alone, while the polarization extinction ratio remains below −20dB over more than 2 THz bandwidth and the attenuation coefficient is approximately 1.5dB μm−1.
Analytical method to determine flexoelectric coupling coefficient at nanoscale
Authors: Zhou Hao , Pei Yongmao , Hong Jiawang , Fang Daining
Published: March 2016

Flexoelectricity is defined as the coupling between the strain gradient and polarization, which is expected to be remarkable at nanoscale. However, measuring the flexoelectricity at nanoscale is challenging. In the present work, an analytical method for measuring the flexoelectric coupling coefficient based on nanocompression technique is proposed. It is found that the flexoelectricity can induce stiffness softening of the dielectric nano-cone-frustum. This phenomenon becomes more significant when the sample size decreases or the half cone angle increases. This method avoids measuring the electric polarization or current at nanoscale with dynamical loading, which can be beneficial to the flexoelectric measurement at nanoscale and design of flexoelectric nanodevices.
Ge-doped GaSb thin films with zero mass density change upon crystallization for applications in phase change memories
Authors: Putero Magali , Coulet Marie-Vanessa , Muller Christophe , Baehtz Carsten , Raoux Simone , Cheng Huai-Yu
Published: March 2016

In order to optimize materials for phase change random access memories (PCRAM), the effect of Ge doping on Ga-Sb alloy crystallization was studied using combined in situ synchrotron x-ray techniques, electrical measurements, and static laser testing. The present data emphasize that the crystallization temperature can be increased up to 390 °C with subsequent higher thermal stability of the amorphous phase; phase segregation is evidenced with GaSb, Sb, and Ge phases that crystallize in a two-step crystallization process. The Ge-doped GaSb films exhibit a larger electrical contrast as compared to undoped GaSb alloy (up to ×100). The optical contrast measured by laser testing is shown to follow the mass density change variations upon crystallization, with a negative contrast (higher value in amorphous state) whatever Ge-doping levels. In situ x-ray reflectivity measurements show that zero mass density change can be achieved by low Ge-doping. Ge-doped GaSb alloys look promising since a phase change material with zero mass density change and higher crystallization temperature satisfactorily fulfills the specifications for reliable PCRAM cells in terms of endurance and data retention.
Ferromagnetic ordered phase of quantum spin ice system Yb2Ti2O7 under [001] magnetic field
Authors: Hamachi Noriaki , Yasui Yukio , Araki Koji , Kittaka Shunichiro , Sakakibara Toshiro
Published: March 2016

Measurements of magnetization (M) and specific heat (C) under a [001] magnetic field were carried out on a single crystal of a quantum spin ice system Yb2Ti2O7 in order to investigate a feature of the transition occurred at TC ∼ 0.2 K. As a result of applying the magnetic field μ0H < 0.1 T, the C/T − T curve structure and transition temperature barely changed. On the other hand, applying the more than 0.1 T magnetic field, the C/T − T curve structure drastically change from sharp peak structure to broad peak one, and the broad peak temperature of C/T − T curves linearly increases with increasing magnetic field (H). In the magnetic field μ0H < 0.1 T, the magnetization drastically increases around TC ∼ 0.2 K with decreasing T, and a thermal hysteresis loop of the M − T curve is observed. With increasing H, the thermal hysteresis loop of the M − T curves disappears above μ0HC = 0.1 T. We can understand these results, where Yb2Ti2O7 exhibits a first-order ferromagnetic transition associated with the latent heat corresponding to the energy of μ0HC = 0.1 T. Basis of the H − T phase diagram along [001] magnetic field, the feature of the transition occurred at TC ∼ 0.2 K in quantum spin ice system Yb2Ti2O7 is discussed.
Spin-orbit torque in Cr/CoFeAl/MgO and Ru/CoFeAl/MgO epitaxial magnetic heterostructures
Authors: Wen Zhenchao , Kim Junyeon , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Hayashi Masamitsu , Mitani Seiji
Published: March 2016

We study the spin-orbit torque (SOT) effective fields in Cr/CoFeAl/MgO and Ru/CoFeAl/MgO magnetic heterostructures using the adiabatic harmonic Hall measurement. High-quality perpendicular-magnetic-anisotropy CoFeAl layers were grown on Cr and Ru layers. The magnitudes of the SOT effective fields were found to significantly depend on the underlayer material (Cr or Ru) as well as their thicknesses. The damping-like longitudinal effective field (ΔHL) increases with increasing underlayer thickness for all heterostructures. In contrast, the field-like transverse effective field (ΔHT) increases with increasing Ru thickness while it is almost constant or slightly decreases with increasing Cr thickness. The sign of ΔHL observed in the Cr-underlayer devices is opposite from that in the Ru-underlayer devices while ΔHT shows the same sign with a small magnitude. The opposite directions of ΔHL indicate that the signs of spin Hall angle in Cr and Ru are opposite, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. These results show sizable contribution from SOT even for elements with small spin orbit coupling such as 3d Cr and 4d Ru.
CrAlN coating to enhance the power loss and magnetostriction in grain oriented electrical steel
Authors: Goel Vishu , Anderson Philip , Hall Jeremy , Robinson Fiona , Bohm Siva
Published: March 2016

Grain oriented electrical steels (GOES) are coated with aluminium orthophosphate on top of a forsterite (Mg2SiO4) layer to provide stress and insulation resistance to reduce the power loss and magnetostriction. In this work Chromium Aluminium Nitride (CrAlN) was coated on GOES samples with electron beam physical vapour deposition and was tested in the single strip and magnetostriction tester to measure the power loss and magnetostriction before and after coating. Power loss was reduced by 2% after coating and 6 % post annealing at 800 °C. For applied compressive stress of 6 MPa, the magnetostrictive strain was zero with the CrAlN coating as compared to 22 and 24 μϵ for fully finished GOES and GOES without phosphate coating. The thickness of the coating was found to be 1.9 ± 0.2 μm estimated with Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). The magnetic domain imaging showed domain narrowing after coating. The reduction in power loss and magnetostriction was due to the large residual compressive stress and Young’s modulus (270 GPa) of the coating.
Outstanding efficiency in energy conversion for electric motors constructed by nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy “NANOMET®” cores
Authors: Nishiyama N. , Tanimoto K. , Makino A.
Published: March 2016

Recently updated nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe-Co-Si-B-P-Cu alloys “NANOMET®” exhibit high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs > 1.8 T), low coercivity (Hc < 10 A/m) and low core loss (W1.7/50 ∼ 0.4 W/kg) even in a ribbon form with a thickness of up to 40 μm. By utilize excellent magnetic softness, several products such as motors or transformers for electrical appliances are now under developing by industry-academia collaboration. In particular, it is found that a brushless DC motor using NANOMET® core exhibited remarkable improvement in energy consumption. The prototype motor with an outer core diameter of 70 mm and a core thickness of 50 mm was constructed using laminated nano-crystallized NANOMET® ribbons. Core-loss for the constructed motor was improved from 1.4 W to 0.4 W only by replacing the non-oriented Si-steel core with NANOMET® one. The overall motor efficiency is evaluated to be 3% improvement. In this work, the relation between processing and resulting magnetic properties will be presented. In addition, feasibility for commercialization will also be discussed.
Solid-state dewetting of single- and bilayer Au-W thin films: Unraveling the role of individual layer thickness, stacking sequence and oxidation on morphology evolution
Authors: Herz A. , Franz A. , Theska F. , Hentschel M. , Kups Th. , Wang D. , Schaaf P.
Published: March 2016

Self-assembly of ultrathin Au, W, and Au-W bilayer thin films is investigated using a rapid thermal annealing technique in an inert ambient. The solid-state dewetting of Au films is briefly revisited in order to emphasize the role of initial film thickness. W films deposited onto SiO2 evolve into needle-like nanocrystals rather than forming particle-like agglomerates upon annealing at elevated temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that such nanocrystals actually consist of tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3) which is related to an anisotropic oxide crystal growth out of the thin film. The evolution of W films is highly sensitive to the presence of any residual oxygen. Combination of both the dewetting of Au and the oxide crystal growth of WO3 is realized by using various bilayer film configurations of the immiscible Au and W. At low temperature, Au dewetting is initiated while oxide crystal growth is still suppressed. Depending on the stacking sequence of the Au-W bilayer thin film, W acts either as a substrate or as a passivation layer for the dewetting of Au. Being the ground layer, W changes the wettability of Au which clearly modifies its initial state for the dewetting. Being the top layer, W prevents Au from dewetting regardless of Au film thickness. Moreover, regular pattern formation of Au-WO3 nanoparticles is observed at high temperature demonstrating how bilayer thin film dewetting can create unique nanostructure arrangements.
Spatial resolution and switching field of magnetic force microscope tips prepared by coating Fe/Co-Pt layers
Authors: Nagatsu Ryo , Ohtake Mitsuru , Futamoto Masaaki , Kirino Fumiyoshi , Inaba Nobuyuki
Published: March 2016

Magnetic force microscope tips are prepared by coating Si tips of 4 nm radius with magnetic bi-layer film consisting of soft magnetic material of Fe(x nm) and hard magnetic material Co-Pt alloy (20–x nm), 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. The effects of layer thickness ratio and stacking sequence on the spatial resolution and the switching field are investigated. Higher resolutions are observed for tips prepared by coating Co-Pt alloy followed by Fe film deposition compared with those prepared by employing the opposite deposition sequence. The resolution improves from 11.0 to 8.2 nm whereas the switching field decreases from 1525 to 475 Oe with increasing the x value from 0 to 20 nm. The present study has shown a possibility of tuning MFM tip performance by employing a soft/hard dual layer structure.
Magnetic anisotropy and relaxation of single Fe/FexOy core/shell- nanocubes: A ferromagnetic resonance investigation
Authors: Terwey Alexandra , Meckenstock Ralf , Zingsem Benjamin W. , Masur Sabrina , Derricks Christian , Römer Florian M. , Farle Michael
Published: March 2016

In this work a full angle dependent Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) investigation on a system of 20 separated Fe/FexOy nanocubes without dipolar coupling is reported. The angular magnetic field dependence of FMR spectra of 20 single particles and 2 dimers were recorded using a microresonator setup with a sensitivity of 106 μB at X-band frequencies. We determine an effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of 2K4,eff/M = 50 mT ± 5 mT for selected particles, which is smaller than the one of bulk Fe due to the core shell morphology of the particles. The FMR resonances have a linewidth of 4 mT ± 1 mT, corresponding to a magnetic effective damping parameter α = 0.0045 ± 0.0005 matching the values of high quality iron thin films. Numerical calculations taking into account the different angular orientations of the 24 particles with respect to the external magnetic field yield a good agreement to the experiment.
Analysis of thermal demagnetization behavior of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets using magnetic domain observation
Authors: Takezawa Masaaki , Ikeda Soichiro , Morimoto Yuji , Kabashima Hisayuki
Published: March 2016

We used magnetic domain observation to statistically observe the thermal demagnetization behavior of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets at elevated temperatures up to 150 °C. Simultaneous magnetization reversal in a hundred adjacent grains occurred at 90 °C because of the magnetic interaction among the grains beyond grain boundaries in the Dysprosium (Dy)-free low-coercivity magnet. Conversely, simultaneous magnetization reversal in a hundred grains did not occur in the Dy-added high-coercivity magnets, and the demagnetizing ratio steadily increased with temperature. Furthermore, the addition of Dy induced high thermal stability by eliminating the simultaneous thermal demagnetization, which was caused by the magnetic interaction among the grains.
Putting the ‘Indo’ back into the Indo-Pacific: resolving marine phylogeographic gaps
Authors: Wilson N. G. , Kirkendale L. A.
Published: March 2016

The Indo-Pacific is an extremely large marine realm that unites two oceans via a restricted Coral Triangle corridor, which was historically subjected to lowered sea levels during global glaciation. Although a strong phylogeographic focus on the Central and West Pacific has produced a large body of research, the Indian Ocean has been largely neglected. This may have serious consequences, because the Indian Ocean hosts a large number of marine centres of endemism, yet a large number of nations rely on its marine resources. We examine reasons for this neglect and review what is known about this region and its connectivity to the Indo-West Pacific. We draw attention to the ‘Leeuwin Effect’, a phenomenon where the southward flow of the Leeuwin Current is responsible for transporting larval propagules from the Coral Triangle region down the coast of Western Australia, resulting in broader Indo-West Pacific rather than Indian Ocean affinities. Given challenges in accessing infrastructure and samples, collaboration will inevitably be key to resolving data gaps. We challenge the assumption that the peak of shallow-water marine biodiversity is solely centred in the Coral Triangle, and raise awareness of a seemingly forgotten hypothesis promoting a secondary peak of biodiversity in the western Indian Ocean.
Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX)
Authors: Springer Armin , Kang ChulHee , Rustgi Sachin , von Wettstein Diter , Reinbothe Christiane , Pollmann Stephan , Reinbothe Steffen
Published: March 2016

Significance

Mammals including humans use highly specific pathways for tissue differentiation. One such pathway is operative in reticulocytes and involves the programmed destruction of the cell’s organellar complement by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), which oxygenates polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids and provokes organelle leakage. As we report here, plants make use of a similar LOX pathway to degrade their chloroplasts during leaf senescence. The enzyme involved is a 13-LOX with unique positional specificity and molecular terms. Because 15-LOX and 13-LOX pathway products likewise operate in biological defense, a mechanism of cross-kingdom conservation of pathway regulation and function was uncovered for multicellular eukaryotes.
Confronting modernity: Tönnies and Simmel on Nietzsche's philosophy of the future
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: March 2016

Ferdinand Tönnies and Georg Simmel had many things in common, but their divergences included a difference in understanding and appreciating Friedrich Nietzsche. Tönnies began as an early and enthusiastic follower of Nietzsche but soon became disillusioned by the nature as well as the tone of his mature works. Simmel's first philosophical interests centred on Kant, but he quickly came to value Nietzsche's philosophical insights. During the 1890s and 1900s Tönnies and Simmel wrote frequently on Nietzsche; Tönnies cautioned against Nietzsche's immorality and warned of the grave dangers of the growing Nietzsche cult. In contrast, Simmel defended Nietzsche as both a profound moral thinker and an even greater psychologist. Reading their writings on Nietzsche is instructive about that thinker, but also provides a better understanding of Tönnies and Simmel. While the present paper focuses on three important thinkers from the past, it also explores two crucial ways in which people can, and do, address significant problems. Tönnies did not want to confront modernity so much as to retreat into an idyllic past. In contrast, Simmel happily confronted modernity, embracing its ambiguities and conflicts. In respect to their readings of Nietzsche, Tönnies and Simmel are radically different, but taken together they help illustrate different ways in which we can face the complexities and difficulties of the future.
Higher Blood Pressure Partially Links Greater Adiposity to Reduced Brain White Matter Integrity
Authors: Allen Ben , Muldoon Matthew F , Gianaros Peter J , Jennings J Richard
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Adiposity and elevated blood pressure (BP) are associated with brain structure abnormalities, but whether these effects are independent is unknown. We tested whether associations between adiposity and white matter integrity were explained by elevated BP.

METHODS

A sample of 209 middle-aged adults underwent diffusion tensor imaging to quantify indirect metrics of white matter structural integrity. These included putative markers of global white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA)), axonal integrity (axial diffusivity), and myelin integrity (radial diffusivity). Participants were either normotensive or prehypertensive.

RESULTS

After adjusting for age and sex, regression analyses showed that waist circumference was associated with FA (β = −0.15, P < 0.05) and axial diffusivity (β = −0.24, P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was associated with FA (β = −0.21, P < 0.05). Direct and indirect effect analyses showed that waist circumference was indirectly associated with whole brain FA through MAP (β = −0.06), and directly related to whole brain axial diffusivity, independent of MAP (β = −0.24). Examination of specific white matter tracts yielded similar results; waist circumference was indirectly related to FA through MAP and radial diffusivity, and directly related to axial diffusivity, independent of MAP. Supplemental analyses using body mass index, systolic BP, and diastolic BP also yielded similar results.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest at least 2 mechanisms explain the adiposity and white matter association: one pathway through elevated BP impacting global white matter integrity and reducing integrity of the myelin sheath, and at least one other adiposity-specific pathway decreasing axonal integrity.
ll-ACHRB: a scalable algorithm for sampling the feasible solution space of metabolic networks
Authors: Saa Pedro A. , Nielsen Lars K.
Published: March 2016

Motivation: Random sampling of the solution space has emerged as a popular tool to explore and infer properties of large metabolic networks. However, conventional sampling approaches commonly used do not eliminate thermodynamically unfeasible loops.

Results: In order to overcome this limitation, we developed an efficient sampling algorithm called loopless Artificially Centered Hit-and-Run on a Box (ll-ACHRB). This algorithm is inspired by the Hit-and-Run on a Box algorithm for uniform sampling from general regions, but employs the directions of choice approach of Artificially Centered Hit-and-Run. A novel strategy for generating feasible warmup points improved both sampling efficiency and mixing. ll-ACHRB shows overall better performance than current strategies to generate feasible flux samples across several models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a failure to eliminate unfeasible loops greatly affects sample statistics, in particular the correlation structure. Finally, we discuss recommendations for the interpretation of sampling results and possible algorithmic improvements.

Availability and implementation: Source code for MATLAB and OCTAVE including examples are freely available for download at http://www.aibn.uq.edu.au/cssb-resources under Software. Optimization runs can use Gurobi Optimizer (by default if available) or GLPK (included with the algorithm).

Contact:  lars.nielsen@uq.edu.au

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.