bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust-contextualism: From J. Locke to contextualism
Authors: Prijic-Samardzija Snjezana
Published: October 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to apply the general idea of contextualism as a theory of knowledge attribution to the very specific case of testimony and trust characterized as being the procedure of the attribution of knowledge (and sincerity) to the informator. In the first part, I have argued in favor of evidentialism - a viewpoint that takes epistemically responsible trust as a matter of evidence. In the second part, I have considered the question of how strong an evidential basis has to be for epistemically responsible trust. I have briefly registered two main tendencies in contemporary debates about trust and testimony: (i) the non-unitary character of our trust; (ii) and the requirement for disaggregation of evidential standards. In short, I have argued in favor of the stance that any "undiscriminatory generalization" - both reductivist's one offered by J. Locke and D. Hume or anti-reductivist's offered by T. Reid - concerning epistemically responsible trust is a kind of inappropriate theoretical idealization, and that a certain theoretical reconciliation has to be offered. Finally, in the third part, I will propose trust-contextualism as the viewpoint that optimally harmonizes both our intuitive and theoretical requirements about epistemically responsible trust.
Kant: Dogmatism, scepticism, criticism
Authors: Djuric Drago
Published: October 2020

In this article the author tries to present the place and significance of Kant's critical philosophy, starting from the relationship set in his claim that there are "three phases that which philosophy should run through in the purpose of metaphysics", and they are dogmatism, skepticism and criticism. Then he stresses the importance of Kant's claim that the relation is not only systemic but also "temporal sequence grounded in the nature of human cognitive ability". In the article, furthermore, the attention is devoted to the relation of Hume to the ancient skepticism, as well as to the relation of Kant to the ancient and Hume's skepticism. Finally, the author considers the significance of the influence of Hume's skepticism on Kant's criticism and transcendentalism, and tries to indicate some differences of principle between these philosophical standpoints.
On different kinds of normativity
Authors: Dobrijevic Aleksandar
Published: October 2020

There are different kinds of normativity that should be delimited in one more rigorous way. Via comparative analysis of Hare's and Foucault's ethical theory, that usually holds as mutually divergent, the author brings out certain suggestions that refers to a possible resolving of the task. The analysis results in creating one new operative, contextually justified concept.
Emergence, nonlinearity, and living systems: A metaphysical lecture from biology?
Authors: Perovic Slobodan
Published: October 2020

It is widely believed among philosophers that a higher-level property, if it is a physical property, must be instantiated by a complex structure consisting of more basic physical properties. Dynamic properties of a higher than the most basic level are thus merely recombination of atomic properties. Consequently, no dynamics describing changes in the world, such as development, and/or interactions between physical, chemical, biological, or other systems, can possibly contradict this claim. Traditionally analogically emergent properties are understood to be novel "internal" properties of complex entities that cannot be reduced to lower-level properties. Taxonomies of emergence driven by reductionist motives regard such properties as mythical (e.g. vital force), acknowledging a possibility of only epistemic emergence in the world of physical properties. I propose in response that such a taxonomy may be incomplete. Biological systems as they are explained in terms of non-linear dynamics, I suggest, may fit requirements of non-epistemic emergence, exhibiting properties of relationally holistic systems. In a system explained in terms of nonlinear dynamics, none of the external properties influencing the system is singled out as the cause of its abrupt changes. Instead, a relation among the constituents of the system seems to be responsible for such a turn of events. I illustrate applications of nonlinear dynamics to the cases of metabolic control and biological pattern-formation. I outline relevant conceptual and empirical questions that should be addressed in order to answer whether the accounts concerning biological and possibly other types of natural systems which appeal to nonlinear dynamics, may be suggesting that behavior of these systems goes beyond epistemic emergence.
Dell' ingiustizia (De iniustitia): Posizione ontologica di legge secondo san Tommaso D'Aquino
Authors: Sago Frane
Published: October 2020

(italijanski) Parlando sulli'idea della ingiustizia come una ordine categorica di legge e filosofia del diritto come la piu alta sintesi teoretica di legge Tommaso si designa ad un veramente a se stesso adequato discorso riguardando originalit? di un sistema scolastico e, sistematicamente e sostanziale filosoficarnente un discorso molto forte non soltanto riguardando teologia e filosofia ma naturalmente anche la legge e giuricit?, e poi questa idea ragiona, fa analisi e con i argomenti multiformi illustra in detagli tramite le forme di legge e relative domande e proposizioni fatte. Tomasse si ? avvicinato metodicamente e sostanzioso a questa idea categorica dell' ingiustizia, con molta cocezione e evidemente con le molte componente relevanti riguardando compatibilita dell'idea teologica, fisofica e teodiceana e cos? infatti l'idea giuridica nella categoria di determinazione di questa nozione di ingiustizia (De inustitia) si ? elevvata ad una istanza piu importante e molto sottile, una istanza "di valore fenomenale e ontologico" della percezione, di nozione e il sistema di definire questa idea in modo sistematico, perche ingiustizia si trova spesso esistendo nell sistema di legge e Tommaso l'ha giuridicamente e fenomenale riconosciuta come un fenomeno che tenga nascondere non etica nella legge riguardando tutti i valori che dobbiamo conoscere i eseguirli come quello fatto, cio' ? quella categoria che definisce in modo valoroso il punto di vista nella tutta la sua pienezza di "un essere d'esistenza" di legge.
On intelligibility of weakness of will
Authors: Govedarica Milanko
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with the problem of understanding of cases of incontinency as paradigmatic cases of irrational behavior. Contrary to the opinion that weakness of will is logical impossible, the author points out that there are its genuine cases. Supporting the thesis of intelligibility of incontinency as reduced rationality, the author analyzes its conceptual, empirical subjective and ethical aspects.
Evolutionary biology and epistemology
Authors: Tarasjev Aleksej
Published: October 2020

Foundation and further development of modern biology raised many epistemological questions and biology was often criticized on that ground. There has been attempts, especially after emergence of molecular biology, to reduce biology to physics and chemistry. Epistemological basis of modern biology were also under ideologically motivated attacks from various positions. On the other hand, there were also attempts to reduce psychology and social sciences to biology. Finally, there were attempts to biologize epistemology itself through so-called evolutionary epistemology. Concise presentation of all that aspects of relationship between epistemology and biology is given.
Misuse of the anthropic principle: Quasireligious pseudoscience caught in act
Authors: Cirkovic Milan
Published: October 2020

We consider the misuse of anthropic principles (being a serious research topic in contemporary cosmology) in the service of creationism, which became a commonplace in the modern agressive creationist discourse. Unfortunately the confusion rests on the fact that the disteleological nature of the anthropic reasoning is insufficiently known and elaborated in both philosophical and scientific circles. Specifically, mathematical and (astro)physical fine-tunings are shown to be entirely different concepts, and only the latter is observed in our universe. Anthropical coincidences in cosmology are empirical phenomena requiring scientific explanation, and one of the two explanatory hypotheses advanced is somewhat unfortunately dubbed the "design hypothesis". However, this has almost nothing in common with the creationist ideological construction known as the "intelligent design". This important distinction has not been sufficiently highlighted in the philosophical literature thus far. This particular case-study from the cosmological domain simultaneously highlights a more general problem we face in the modern world: aggressive advance of the ideological coalition between quasireligion and pseudoscience jeopardizes authentic interdisciplinary and intercul-tural dialogue, so necessary as the humanity faces serious existential risks, as the biggest challenge in its history on Earth.
Religion and epistemology
Authors: Djordjevic Radomir
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the importance of demarcation between the domain of science and the domain of religion has been stressed. Along this line, it is possible to understand the relation between religion and science, faith and knowledge. Successful discussions in this area have wider, humanistic significance.
On the possibility/possibilities of the history of philosophy today
Authors: Milidrag Predrag
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the philosophical presuppositions of the history of philosophy as a philosophical discipline on the example of the problem of interpreting mutually incoherent claims of a philosopher. The conclusion is that the constitution of these presuppositions is onto-theo-logical. The importance of the criteria of coherence and comprehensiveness for historic philosophical interpretation is analyzed. Finally, the idea of the possibility of a postmetaphysical history of philosophy as a philosophical discipline is exposed, viewed as the accumulation of understandings of various paths - followed and not followed alike -found in past philosophers.
A new approach to the logic of discovery
Authors: Massey Gerald
Published: October 2020

Contending that the quest for a logic of scientific discovery was prematurely abandoned, the author lays down eight phenomena that such a logic or theory must explain: the banality of scientific discovery; the trainability of scientists; the high incidence of simultaneous discoveries; the ubiquity of relative novices; the fact of scientific genius; the barrenness of isolated workers; the incommensurability of concepts of successive theories; and the quasi-incorporation of old concepts, objects, and methods in successor theories, The author then presents a new theory or logic of discovery according to which discoveries are the termini of "tweak paths" generated when scientists "tinker" with the laws, concepts, methods, and instruments of a given theory. Tinkering and tweaking are illustrated by examples from many-valued and modal logic and from Darwinian biology. Through the history of planetary discovery, the accidental role played by luck or good fortune in some discoveries is explored, but the author emphasizes that in a deep sense serendipity is an in eliminable feature of all scientific discovery because scientists never know m advance whether their tweaks will lead to dead ends or to positive developments. The author's new theory of scientific discovery is shown to account for all eight explananda, ft also reveals science to be a more egalitarian enterprise than the traditional view of scientific discovery as ultimately inexplicable depicts it.
The philosophy of science of logical positivism
Authors: Sindjelic Svetozar
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the main points of the philosophy of science of logical positivism, its theoretical framework, as well as its basic philosophical implications. Besides, the author tries to sketch the logical positivists' retreat to a more moderate logical empiricism and, especially, its consequences for their philosophy of science.
The problem of reality in psychiatry and psychotherapy
Authors: Opalic Petar
Published: October 2020

The introduction points to common and prevailing philosophical comprehension of reality. The understanding of reality in post modernism in correlation with construction and destruction of reality in psychotherapeutic practice and research is then presented. The problems of practical assessment of reality in psychiatry is them presented in grater detail firstly in diagnostics namely psychopathology (in relation to various forms of delusion collective psychology as well as in relation to therapeutic relations). The conclusion points to multi layer nature of defining reality its relativity and changeability as well as to the significance of social communicational and linguistic (de)construction of reality in all professions in post modern sense.
Corrigendum
Authors: Editorial E
Published: October 2020

In the original article by Rasa Mladenovic, Leonardo Pereira, Filip
Djordjevic, Zoran Vlahovic, Kristina Mladenovic, Andrijana Cvetkovic,
Brankica Martinovic, Jovan Mladenovic, Julie Popovski. The use of
mobile-aided learning in education of local anesthesia for the inferior
alveolar nerve block/ Primena ucenja putem mobilnih uredjaja u edukaciji
mandibularne anestezije. Vojnosanit Pregl 2020; 77(8):839-43.
(https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP180622154M), the first name of the second author
was misspelled as Leonardo instead of Leandro. The correct name of the
second author should be Leandro Pereira, so the list of the authors should
have read: Rasa Mladenovic, Leandro Pereira, Filip Djordjevic, Zoran
Vlahovic, Kristina Mladenovic, Andrijana Cvetkovic, Brankica Martinovic,
Jovan Mladenovic, Julie Popovski. We apologize for any inconvenience that
this may have caused.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/VSP180622154M
GADGET: An Accounting Data Generator
Authors: Holt Matthew , Lang Bradley
Published: October 2020

With the proliferation of data analytics in the field of accounting, educators need resources to enhance their curricula with analytics projects. This paper provides educators with a robust tool that generates large, unique revenue-cycle transaction data with certain realistic properties. The datasets can be used by educators to teach accounting-based data analytic procedures in accounting information systems, auditing, fraud, and data analytics classes. Additionally, multiple potential implementation opportunities for the datasets are proposed and a comprehensive example case is provided.

Data Availability: The data generator can be accessed at: https://mplholt.shinyapps.io/GADGET/
An Early-Onset Subgroup of Type 2 Diabetes: A Multigenerational, Prospective Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Niiranen Teemu J. , McCabe Elizabeth L. , Henglin Mir , Jain Mohit , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Larson Martin G. , Cheng Susan
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess the relation of type 2 diabetes occurring earlier (age <55 years) versus later in life to the risk of cardiovascular death and to diabetes in offspring.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the Framingham Heart Study, a community-based prospective cohort study, glycemic status was ascertained at serial examinations over six decades among 5,571 first- and second-generation participants with mortality data and 2,123 second-generation participants who initially did not have diabetes with data on parental diabetes status. We assessed cause of death in a case (cardiovascular death)–control (noncardiovascular death) design and incident diabetes in offspring in relation to parental early-onset diabetes.

RESULTS

Among the participants in two generations (N = 5,571), there were 1,822 cardiovascular deaths (including 961 coronary deaths). The odds of cardiovascular versus noncardiovascular death increased with decreasing age of diabetes onset (P < 0.001 trend). Compared with never developing diabetes, early-onset diabetes conferred a 1.81-fold odds (95% CI 1.10–2.97, P = 0.02) of cardiovascular death and 1.75-fold odds (0.96–3.21, P = 0.07) of coronary death, whereas later-onset diabetes was not associated with greater risk for either (P = 0.09 for cardiovascular death; P = 0.51 for coronary death). In second-generation participants, having a parent with early-onset diabetes increased diabetes risk by 3.24-fold (1.73–6.07), whereas having one or both parents with late-onset diabetes increased diabetes risk by 2.19-fold (1.50–3.19).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings provide evidence for a diabetes subgroup with an early onset, a stronger association with cardiovascular death, and higher transgenerational transmission.
Understanding Mentoring Within an Ecosystem of Practices
Authors: Heikkinen Hannu L. T.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to introduce an ecosystemic approach to mentoring, inspired by the theory of ecologies of practices (Kemmis, Edwards-Groves, Wilkinson, & Hardy, 2012). It is suggested that relationships between practices and their environment resemble in many ways the relationships between natural organisms and ecosystems. From this perspective, mentoring is understood as a social practice that exists in the midst of other social practices and derives its essential qualities and its existence from its relation to other practices. The theory of ecologies of practices is based on the conception of practices as ‘living entities’. From the perspective of ecologies of practice, practices of mentoring and induction can be regarded as ecosystems of their own within the wider ecosystems of social, political and educational practices. In the research literature, the concept of ecosystem has been represented in a number of different variations. The concept was first introduced in education research by the developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979), who described human development and socialisation in terms of nested circles of varying sizes. Lately, the ecosystem concept has also been used in the context of learning in ways that have been influenced by research in the fields of economics, business and information technology. The theory of ecologies of practices is rooted in an ontological understanding of the importance of learning for human existence: the human species exists as part of the natural ecosystem and, consequently, social practices are based on how the species acts to survive and thrive in the ecosystem. Based on these assumptions, ten ecological principles are introduced and applied to practices of mentoring: (1) networks, (2) nested systems, (3) niches, (4) interdependence, (5) diversity, (6) cycles, (7) flows, (8) development, (9) dynamic balance, and (10) resilience. Finally, some limitations and criticisms of the ecosystem approach are reflected upon.
Analysis of Sustainability Business Media from Hyperlocal and Entrepreneurial Journalism Perspectives: a Case Study of DI'S Way Daily
Authors: Mutiara Freddy , Priyonggo Ambang
Published: October 2020

In general, it is concurred that the print media industry is an industry category that is currently sunset with its product life cycle is decreasing. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic condition since March 2020 in Indonesia has forced media businesses to suffer even more. However, on Saturday, July 4, 2020, Surabaya city has a new daily media published, namely “DI's Way Daily”. The figure behind it is Dahlan Iskan, a media figure known as the pioneer of Jawa Pos Daily. DI's Way brings several differentiating attributes to its product. With a simple case study method, this paper aims to examine the resilience of this daily from the perspective of hyperlocal content production strategy (hyperlocality) and entrepreneurial journalism. A local content strategy is insufficient to make the media business sustainable as it needs to be accompanied by entrepreneurial journalism.
PERENCANAAN MASJID SUMEDANG
Authors: Annisa Annisa , Ilham Ilham , Sirodz Gaos Yogi , Wiradinata Irvan
Published: October 2020

Dalam perencanaan pembangunan, perencanaan arsitektur dan struktur merupakan aspek penting yang harus dikaji. Aspek arsitektur ditinjau agar kenyamanan dalam tata ruang dan estetika dapat terpenuhi. Sedangkan aspek struktur dikaji agar bangunan tersebut mampu menahan beban rencana. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membuat gambar rencana pembangunan sarana ibadah masjid secara layak. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian berupa analisis desain perencanaan arsitektur dan struktur. Bangunan yang direncanakan adalah sarana ibadah masjid. Lokasi masjid akan dibangun di atas tanah hibah yang terletak di Jalan Raya Tampomas, Kecamatan Sumedang Utara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Studi literatur digunakan untuk mencari teori terkait perencanaan pembangunan dari aspek aristektur dan struktur. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan tata ruang dan struktur beton bertulang. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini berupa dokumen perencanaan.Masjid; Perencanaan; Pembangunan
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENERAPAN PENGEMBANGAN DESA LOK BAINTAN LEWAT INOVASI ECENG GONDOK MENJADI KERTAS KREASI
Authors: Hayat Muzahid Akbar , Sanusi Sanusi , Khuzaini Khuzaini
Published: October 2020

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi Desa wisata Lok Baintan, Kecamatan Sungai Tabuk, Kabupaten Banjar adalah banyaknya tumbuhan eceng gondok yang mengganggu transportasi sungai dan merusak keindahan sungai. Peserta sudah dapat membuat kertas dari eceng gondok, namun dalam prosesnya terhambat saat penjemuran karena bergantung pada matahari. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya program ini adalah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra yaitu mampu membuat kertas maupun kreasi tanpa bergantung pada matahari pada saat penjemuran, membentuk manajemen produksi yang baik serta pemasaran yang tepat sasaran. Metode dari program ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan: (a) diskusi group, dengan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok karang taruna dan Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Perempuan serta membuka kesempatan masyarakat lain untuk dapar ikut program ini; (b) melakukan Pendidikan dan pelatihan pengolahan eceng gondok menjadi kertas kreasi; (c) desiminasi teknologi oven kertas kreasi; (d) melakukan manajemen produksi dan pemasaran. Hasil dari Program Pengembangan Desa Lok Baintan adalah: (a) meningkatnya peserta hingga 75% dari peserta yang ada; (b) peserta mampu berinovasi mengolah eceng gondok menjadi kreasi kertas seperti hiasan dinding, lukisan, tempat alat tulis, kota tisu, kupu-kupu, dan buku catatan; (c) peserta manpu menggunakan teknologi oven dalam mengeringkan kreasi kertas sehingga tidak tergantung pada matahari dalam proses penjemuran; (d) peserta mampu memasarkan produk hasil kertas kreasi dari eceng gondok.
STUDI LITERATUR : KOMPRES HANGAT UNTUK MENGATASI HIPERTERMIA PADA PENDERITA TB PARU
Authors: Caroline Priesca Della Octianne , Sari Rika Maya , Verawati Metti
Published: October 2020

Salah satu gejala yang muncul pada TB paru bagi penderitanya adalah hipertermia, penderita TB paru yang mengalami (hipertermia) biasanya subfebris menyerupai influenza tetapi terkadang bisa mencapai 40-41°C. Hipertermia merupakan respon tubuh terhadap proses infeksi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hipertermia yaitu dengan pemberian kompres hangat untuk menurunkan demam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kompres hangat dalam asuhan keperawatan pada penderita TB paru dengan masalah keperawatan hipertermia. Metode dalam penelitian ini dengan mencari beberapa jurnal di Google Schooler, didapatkan hasil penelusuran dari 3 jurnal  dengan hasil penelusuran studi literatur merujuk pada pemberian kompres hangat pada daerah aksila sebagai salah satu intervensi dalam mengatasi masalah hipertermia. Kompres hangat pada aksila lebih efektif dengan hasil penurunan suhu mencapai 0,247°C. Pemberian kompres hangat akan membantu menurunkan suhu tubuh dengan cara panas keluar lewat pori-pori kulit melalui proses penguapan. Tindakan kompres hangat merupakan tindakan yang aman dan dapat memberikan rasa nyaman pada pasien. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kompres hangat pada daerah aksila dapat membantu menurunkan demam dengan penurunan suhu mencapai 0,247°C untuk mengatasi masalah hipertermia.
NADZIR REGISTRATION REGULATION TO THE INDONESIAN WAQF BOARD WITH A POSITIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE AND ISLAMIC LAWm Islam
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Wardoyo Yohana
Published: October 2020

Regulation of nadzir registration to Indonesian Waqf Agency (BWI) is a new rule about Waqf in Indonesia. This rule has a different push point in the rules, the rule of law using the word "must" as its registration regulation, And the rules of implementation use the word "mandatory". The use of the word "obligatory" is also not followed by the sanction of the rules. This study explains the regulation of the registration of Mucconsulting to BWI's perspectives on positive laws and Islamic law. The problem formulation, how the regulation of registration of nadzir to BWI is reviewed from the rules of the positive law and the rule of Islamic law? This research is a normative study. Research results, The regulation of registration of Mucconsulting to BWI is reviewed from the positive legal rules, content is a rule that contains orders, the nature of the rule is the Factative law. According to Islamic law via ushuliyyah rules it goes into the aspect of amr (command), That do not have to be, In qiyas the order of the rules equals the order of Hajj.
A Book of Cities: Mapping Urban Space in Braun and Hogenberg’sCivitates Orbis Terrarum(1572-1617)
Authors: Năiduţ Petruţa
Published: October 2020

The present article sets out to explore the tradition and the innovative forces involved in the production of the first city atlas,Civitates orbis terrarum, a six-volume collection of town images published by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg between 1572 and 1617. In doing so, it considers the consequences of the rediscovery of Ptolemy’s notions of geography and chorography and traces how time-honoured ideas and new practices of describing places meet in the depiction of early modern cities. The article discusses the potential of chorography as a genre capable of representing a city while trying to convey information about its character and addresses the role of printing in the dissemination of city views. The analysis extends from classic notions and modern practices of chorography to the humanist pursuit of a global vision that can be identified in the design of theCivitates, where the metaphor of the theatre appears to extend from the material of the atlas to the book itself. The research is mostly based on social and cultural histories of cartography and cosmography which can contribute to a better understanding of the complex significance of city images in Braun and Hogenberg’s project.
The Dystopian Transformation of Urban Space in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Moldovan Raluca
Published: October 2020

The present contribution examines the representation of the city in Margaret Atwood’s 1985 dystopian novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, with the aim of uncovering how the urban space is transformed and repurposed in order to uphold the ideological pillars of the theocratic regime described in the book. The urban space depicted in the book, which the reader sees through the eyes of the protagonist and narrator Offred, is built upon the contrasting image of “everything looks the same” versus “everything is fundamentally different.” Inspired by the Puritan colonies of 17th-century New England, the Republic of Gilead, in a manner similar to many reallife totalitarian regimes throughout history, remodels the urban space in such a way as to correspond to its worldview and help maintain its hold on power. The first part of the article examines how this is done in the novel itself (also making brief references to the representation of the city in the 2019 sequel to The Handmaid’s Tale, entitled The Testaments) while the second part discusses how the city is portrayed in the 2017 TV series adaptation of the novel in order to highlight similarities and differences between the literary and televised versions.
Impalpable Scars: Dual Traumas in Hemingway’s “Now I Lay Me” and “A Way You’ll Never Be”
Authors: Kovarovic Richard
Published: October 2020

This article aims to contribute to the body of scholarly discussion surrounding Ernest Hemingway’s Nick Adams Stories as interconnected works of subtle yet complex depictions of trauma and memory. It primarily focuses on two stories, “Now I Lay Me” and “A Way You’ll Never Be,” and attempts to unearth hidden parallels between the two, ultimately positing that each story informs the other in vital ways. The article does so through an examination of memory types, the narrative nature of episodic personal memory, and incorporation of an analysis on the disruptive nature of traumatic memory. Using that framework, it examines the function of screen memory and trauma in “Now I Lay Me,” a story of nocturnal haunting, and unearths the existence of dual traumas within the text, those suffered in combat and those in childhood. Connections are made to the events and experiences of “A Way You’ll Never Be,” with the episodes Nick suffers interpreted as dreams. Thus, the image of the unplaceable yellow house is viewed as a manifestation of the domestic trauma of Adams’s childhood, with the home itself representative of the terror of obliteration, a second trauma revealed and existing beyond the boundaries of the text.
Orthodontic treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Authors: Păcurar Mariana , Bud Eugen , Pop Silvia , Chibelean Manuela , Krisztina Martha
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The craniofacial skeleton in the growing child is responsive to changing functional demands and environmental factors. Orthopedic modification of facial bones through the application of constant forces over long periods of time has been a mainstay of orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic therapy.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pharyngeal structures after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and compare them with those after using a removable mandibular advancement device (MAD).

Material and methods

In order to accomplish function we modified the pattern of neuromuscular activity throught mandible forward position.

Results

This finding shows that maxillary deficiency and mandibular retrognathism have been reportedly linked to OSA as both etiologic factors and sequelae of prolonged mouth breathing during the period of growth, these illustrate the potential interaction between alteration in respiratory function and craniofacial morphology.

Conclusions

Craniofacial anatomic defects, including inferior displacement of the hyoid bone, larger gonial angle, smaller anterior cranial base, altered anterior and posterior facial heights, and mandibular deficiency, have been suggested as predisposing factors for upper airway obstruction during sleep. Cephalometry has been used extensively in the fields of orthodontics and anthropology to record craniofacial form. Recently, it has been also suggested that cephalometry could be an adjunctive procedure for assessing craniofacial patterns associated with OSAS.

Estimating efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular advanced in the treatment of paediatric SDB. This might provide alternatives to primary treatments and/or enhance interdisciplinary treatment planning for the children suffering from OSA. The relationships between maxillofacial malocclusions and upper airway volumes were investigated. Literature studies on the association of upper airway narrowing with dento-skeletal malocclusions have been confirmed by us for the group of patients studied.
Prevalence of primary and secondary dental dystrophies on a group of preschool and school-age children from Tîrgu-Mureş
Authors: Esian Daniela , Bica Cristina , Lazar Ana Petra , Stoica Oana
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Pediatric Dentistry offers a completely different approach compared to that of adults especially in terms of patient cooperation, problems with growth and development and problems related to dental restoration in the context of a developing dentition.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of primary and secondary dental dystrophies among preschool and school-age children.

Material and Methods: The group of 113 subjects with ages between 3 and 11 years was selected from two primary and preschool education establishments from Târgu-Mures. Simultaneously with the clinical examination of dental surfaces, 150 questionnaires were distributed to the parents of the subjects. The dystrophies determined clinically were arranged in a certain category of number, form, volume and structure and were correlated with the answers to the questionnaires.

Results: According to the data most cases of dental dystrophies are represented by dental fluorosis followed by severe early childhood caries S-ECC, and in equal percentages are present dyschromia, imperfect amelogenesis, MIH hypomineralization, dental fusion, macrodontia and hyperdontia.

Conclusions: There are significant correlations between the primary dental dystrophies and factors that intervened during pregnancy and in the post-natal period, both critical periods for dental formation and development.
Statistical study on the degree of satisfaction of patients with fixed prosthetic dentures
Authors: Crăciun Adriana-Elena , Cerghizan Diana , Baloș Monica Dora , Gribincea Vadim , Albu Aurița Ioana , Muică Adrian
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Edentation is a major emergency and has an echo over the entire stomatognathic system. The treatment of partial edentation has undergone major changes in the last decades for multiple causes, including increasing the level of dental, medical education, introducing new techniques, methods, and materials, increasing the duration of retention of teeth on the arch.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to determine the degree of satisfaction of patients with a fixed prosthetic denture, to highlight the importance of communication between doctor and patient with repercussions on the results of prosthetic treatment, and evaluate the degree of awareness of oral health and oral hygiene practices.

Material and Method: For this study it was used a self-designed questionnaire, which explored both clinical and non-clinical dental services. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: first part (A) includes socio-demographic indices, part two (B) includes questions related to the doctor-patient relationship, and in the third part (C) the questionnaire asks questions regarding the general satisfaction of the patients with reference to the prosthetic tratament. The questionnaire also includes the material (s) from which the prosthetic denture is performed and the area of the edentation.

Results: The present study was performed on a batch of 117 people, 48 female, and 69 males between the ages of 21 and 60. Our results show that the majority of patients present metallic-ceramic dentures, located in most cases in the lateral area, and the majority of patients are satisfied with the prosthetic tratament. There were no patients complaining about the result of the tratament. Pacients are delighted by their relationship with medical staff.

Conclusions: The most important finding of this study states that a large proportion of patients showed a lack of knowledge regarding oral hygiene measures and the importance of maintaining a fixed prosthetic denture using a dental abutment. Also, the majority of the doctors did not pay attention to the post-treatment instructions regarding the maintenance of a fixed prosthetic denture.
The role of carious lesions in the occurrence of pathological modifications in deep periodontal level – radiographic evaluation
Authors: Lazăr Ana Petra , Vlasa Alexandru , Csilla Bukhari , Imola Buka , Lazăr Luminița
Published: October 2020

In the etiology of periodontal disease, dental caries act as a favoring factor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of untreated or incorrectly treated carious lesions in the occurrence of pathological changes in the periodontal support. Material and methods: In order to evaluate the impact of the dental caries in the appearance of destructive lesions at the periodontal level, we examined 378 X-rays. The radiographies were selected based on the presence of approximal dental cavities, untreated or incorrectly treated and we appreciated the association of these factors with the presence and the level of bone resorption of the interdental septum. Results: On the 378 radiographies we examined, it was discovered the presence of 398 approximal carious lesions, of which 146 were associated with bone resorption. The examined radiographies permitted us to evaluate 1512 fillings inserted in second class cavities, of which 1103 were correctly done, and 309 were incorrect and associated with bone resorption phenomena. Incorrectly done restorations were associated with bone resorption phenomena due to the lack of contact with the adjacent tooth for 213 of these, and because of an inaccurate adaptation at the level of the gingival threshold for 96. Conclusions: The dentist has to pay a special attention to the approximal coronary restorations because these can favor the retention of bacterial plaque and, in most cases, can lead to bone loos in the alveolar ridge area.
Comparative study of the comfort in patients rehabilitated with three types of partial dentures
Authors: Bechir Farah , Suciu Ilinca
Published: October 2020

Introduction: At present, the researchers are targeted to improve and increase the biocompatibility of dental materials that are in direct contact with biological tissues. The biocompatibility of the dental materials that contact the tissues of the oral cavity present relevance for the patient, clinician, dental technician, and manufacturer.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was represented by the comparative research regarding the comfort of the patients wearing removable partial prostheses with clasps made of wire and flexible polymers.

Material and Methods. Patients wearing partial dentures from Meliodent heat-cured acrylic resins with wipla wire clasps, flexible partial dentures made from Valplast and dentures with clasps of CuSil silicone rubber participated in this study. The research was performed on 3 groups, of 8 patients each, in which comfort levels (according to 5 criteria) were determined, after 6, 12, 18, respectively 24 months of the partial removable prostheses insertion in the oral cavity.

Results. Presence of decubitus lesions of the oral mucosa in the clasps areas was noticed mostly in the Valplast polyamide dentures (37.5%), existence of color changes at the base of prostheses and of clasps area appeared in 37.5% of the third group (CuSil PAD) patients, no patient included in the study presented allergic reactions and at the third and fourth recall, only 1 patient of all groups complained of unpleasant taste in the oral cavity.

Conclusion. The removable prosthetic restorations with clasps made of flexible polymers and CuSil gaskets of silicone rubber, although initially much more comfortable and therefore much better accepted by patients, after two years were no longer active, could not be activated and necessited technical restorations, compared to those made of wipla wire clasps, which were activated with pliers, or, in the case of fracture, were replaced by the technician in the dental laboratory.
Fatigue Degradation of the Ram-Air Parachute Canopy Structure
Authors: Szafran Krzysztof Stanisław , Kramarski Ireneusz
Published: October 2020

In this work, the authors continue researching issues related to fatigue of aircraft structures made of fabrics. Parachute systems are widely used in military, sport and recreational aviation. Braking parachutes as well as skydiving and troop parachutes are characterized by the repeated use of parachute canopies, which are exposed to wear and fatigue. Until now, parachutes were difficult to design aviation systems due to their complex and unsteady opening characteristics, large changes in the geometry of canopies, suspension lines and tape risers as well as exposure to stochastic atmospheric turbulence. The fatigue of the canopy fabric, suspension lines and tape risers is a problem that must be addressed by textile designers and designers of reusable parachute systems. The authors of this work demonstrate the complexity of operating a parachute in hard multiple use conditions and propose ways to extend the parachute’s service life without compromising safety.
Monetary Policy after the Great Moderation
Authors: Peña Guillermo
Published: October 2020

The interferences among some financial, economic and monetary variables are checked as an indicator of economic performance in the long run and for the monetary policy applied between the Great Moderation (GM) of 1987-2001 and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. For achieving this target, some Granger causality tests are applied to GDP growth, credit growth, and lending interest of 36 countries of the EU and the OECD for the full sample of 1987-2012 and the sub-sample of 2002-2007. Results corroborate the interferences among these variables for the discretionary monetary policy applied immediately after the GM, within the “Ad Hoc Era” or “lax period”, and independence when monetary policy was correctly applied and rules-based.
Financial System Stability, the Timing of Climate Change Action and the Federal Reserve
Authors: Schellhorn Carolin
Published: October 2020

Timely and effective climate action is a precondition for the stability of the global financial system and for long-term, inclusive prosperity. Because the Federal Reserve and other central banks share responsibility with legislative and regulatory authorities and other experts for maintaining financial system stability, the Fed also shares responsibility for effective climate action. For climate action to be effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warming, it must be widespread, it must be substantive, and it must come sooner rather than later. The new low-interest rate monetary policy environment favors sustainable long-term, but also high-risk, investments. Market participants need timely guidance and support from regulatory and supervisory authorities, including the Federal Reserve, in order to expedite global fund allocations to low-carbon assets.
The Impact of Institutional Features on R&D in Business Enterprise Sector and Sustainable Growth
Authors: Ješić Milutin , Jakšić Miomir
Published: October 2020

The main goal of our study is to theoretically and empirically contribute to the analysis of relation between institutional features and R&D in business enterprise sector and consequently on sustainable economic growth. We exploited the available measures of institutional quality from World Government Indicators of World Bank and data on R&D in business enterprise sector. We employed First-Differencing GMM method to estimate the model on the balanced panel data including the following European countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia and the Slovak Republic, for the time span of 2007-2017. The institutional features are statistically significant factor of R&D in business enterprise sector. We found that Government effectiveness and Control of corruption in particular are very important in supporting the R&D. These measures of institutional quality are key institutional determinants of R&D in business enterprise sector. R&D in business enterprise sector is one of the crucial parts of the overall R&D, and therefore policymakers have to develop favourable conditions for those activities in private firms. Institutional features should be an important variable in explanation of R&D intensity. The presented analysis empirically contributes to the body of knowledge on determinants of R&D for European countries that have to develop their institutions further in order to grow sustainably. This study is using contemporary methods for testing the underlying problem.
The Relationship between Inflation and Interest Rates in the UK: The Nonlinear ARDL Approach
Authors: Gocer Ismet , Ongan Serdar
Published: October 2020

This study reconsiders the Fisher effect for the UK from a different methodological perspective. To this aim, the nonlinear ARDL model recently developed by Shin et al. (2014), is applied over the periods of 1995M1-2008M9 and 2008M10-2018M1. This model decomposes the changes in original inflation series as two new series: increases and decreases in inflation rates. Hence, it enables us to examine the Fisher effect in terms of increases and decreases in inflation separately. The empirical findings support asymmetrically partial Fisher effects for the UK in the long-run only for the first period. Additionally, this study attempts to describe and introduce a different version of the partial effect concept for the first time for the UK.
GARCH Modelling of High-Capitalization Cryptocurrencies’ Impacts During Bearish Markets
Authors: Panagiotis Anastasiadis , Efthymios Katsaros , Anastasios-Taxiarchis Koutsioukis , Athanasios Pandazis
Published: October 2020

This study investigates how twelve cryptocurrencies with large capitalization get influenced by the three cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple). Twenty alternative specifications of ARCH, GARCH as well as DCC-GARCH are employed. Daily data covers the period from 1 January 1 2018 to 16 September 2018, representing the intense bearish cryptocurrency market. Empirical outcomes reveal that volatility among digital currencies is not best described by the same specification but varies according to the currency. It is evident that most cryptocurrencies have a positive relationship with Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple, therefore, there is no great possibility of hedging for crypto-currency portfolio managers and investors in distressed times.
Monetary Base Controllability after an Exit from Quantitative Easing
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi
Published: October 2020

This study examines the problem that a central bank may face after exiting a monetary quantitative easing policy. It develops a simple dynamic optimization model of a central bank, which finds that if the bank needs to absorb a substantial amount of excess reserves when exiting, the monetary base may become uncontrollable. In this case, the bank has no option but to increase the monetary base by more than the target amount, which leads to an undesirable money supply expansion and, ultimately, to inflation pressures. The model shows the condition when a central bank faces such a challenging situation.
Thermal Structure of Water During the Summer in Lakes of the Polish Lowlands as a Result of their Varied Morphometry
Authors: Skowron Rajmund
Published: October 2020

The paper discusses the impact of lake morphometric parameters on the thermal structure of water during the period of summer stagnation. The summer period in the lakes is characterized by clearly expressed properties of the thermal structure of water, differentiating lakes from one another. The study was carried out on 141 lakes in northern Poland, for which at least 3 vertical water temperature measurements were taken in different years. They showed a significant influence of lake basin morphometry upon the thermal structure of water in lakes. In general, measurements of the vertical distribution of water temperature showed clear diversity, and depending on the depth also thermal layers (epi-, meta- and hypolimnion). The results of the analysis of 8 lake morphometric parameters and 10 thermal stratification parameters revealed the existence of significant dependencies between them. The best-preserved relations (statistically significant) occurred between the parameters characterizing the lake depth and meta- and hypolimnion properties, as well as the thermal stratification factor and heat content in a unit of volume.