bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron(II)–alkoxide and –aryloxide complexes of a tris(thioether)borate ligand: synthesis, molecular structures, and implications on the origin of instability of their iron(II)–catecholate counterpart
Authors: Wang Peng , Yap Glenn P. A. , Riordan Charles G.
Published: August 2021

The phenyltris[(tert-butylthio)methyl]borate ligand, [PhTt
tBu], has been studied extensively as a platform for coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry, especially with 3d metals. While [PhTt
tBu]Co(3,5-DBCatH) (3,5-DBCatH is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate), a CoII–monoanionic catecholate complex, was successfully isolated to model the active site of cobalt(II)-substituted homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (Co-HPCD) [Wang et al. (2019). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 488, 49–55], its iron(II) counterpart, [PhTt
tBu]Fe(3,5-DBCatH), was not accessible via similar synthetic routes. Switching the nucleophile from catecholate to alkoxide or aryloxide, however, led to the successful isolation of three highly air-sensitive FeII–alkoxide and –aryloxide complexes, namely, (triphenylmethoxo){tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3
S,S′,S′′}iron(II), [Fe(C21H38BS3)(C19H15O)], (2), (2,6-dimethylphenolato){tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3
S,S′,S′′}iron(II), [Fe(C21H38BS3)(C8H9O)], (3), and bis{μ-tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3
S,S′:S′′}bis[(phenolato-κO)iron(II)] toluene disolvate, [Fe2(C21H38BS3)2(C6H5O)2]·2C7H8, (4). In the solid state, compounds (2) and (3) are monomeric, with [PhTt
tBu] acting as a tridentate ligand. In contrast, compound (4) crystallizes as a dimeric complex, wherein each [PhTt
tBu] ligand binds to an iron centre with two thioethers and binds to the other iron centre with the third thioether. The molecular structures of (2)–(4) demonstrate a diversity in the binding modes of [PhTt
tBu] and highlight its potential use for assembling multinuclear complexes. In addition, the successful isolation of (2)–(4), as well as the structural information of a [PhTt
tBu] modification product, namely, bis{μ-tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl](2-oxidophenolato)borato-κO,O′,S,S′:O′}dicobalt(II), [Co2(C21H37BO2S3)2], (5), obtained from the reaction of [PhTt
tBu]CoCl with potassium monoanionic catecholate, shed light on the origin of the instability of [PhTt
tBu]Fe(3,5-DBCatH).
A relational view of horizontal collaboration among micro and small enterprises: a study of the brewery sector in Wales
Authors: Lotfi Maryam , Kumar Maneesh , Sanchez Rodrigues Vasco , Naim Mohamed , Harris Irina
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore how horizontal collaboration can help small and micro enterprises within the drink sector through the relational theory lens.

Design/methodology/approach

The use of qualitative research methods, including focus groups and interviews, facilitated understanding the horizontal collaboration in micro and small companies within the Welsh brewery industry. Data collection involved conducting three focus groups and 13 interviews within the Welsh brewery sector in the UK. The collaboration phenomena were explained using the three elements of relational theory: relational rents, relational capitals and relational governance.

Findings

Micro and small enterprises in the drink sector use collaborative initiatives in building new capabilities to generate relational rents. In addition, relational capitals and relational governance mechanisms were identified to support the horizontal collaboration among these enterprises.

Research limitations/implications

The focus is on only one part of the drinks industry, i.e. the brewery industry; therefore, this study could be extended to other industries within the drink sector or across manufacturing industries.

Practical implications

The micro and small enterprises can collaborate to achieve relational rent, but this collaboration requires strong relational capitals, such as trust. These partners need to change informal governance mechanisms that already exist towards more contractual formal mechanisms.

Originality/value

Prior research has largely focused on vertical collaboration, with limited studies using the relational theory lens to explicate horizontal collaboration phenomena and no previous research in the context of micro and small companies. Relational rents, relational capitals and relational governance mechanisms are studied to provide insights into an effective collaboration in this context.
Across the pregnancy lifespan: examining workplace outcomes of concealing across stages of pregnancy
Authors: Sabat Isaac Emmanuel , Botsford Morgan Whitney , Jones Kristen Price , Walker Sarah Singletary
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The authors aims to use stigma theory to predict and test a model wherein a person’s stage of pregnancy influences their workplace outcomes associated with pregnancy concealment behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested the model using two separate survey studies, examining these relationships from the perspectives of both the pregnant employees and their supervisors.

Findings

The authors find support for the model across both studies, showing that concealment of a pregnant identity predicts increased discrimination, but only for those in later stages of pregnancy.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine how one’s stage of pregnancy impacts identity management outcomes. This is important given that pregnancy is an inherently dynamic stigma that becomes increasingly visible over time.
Slum dwellers' occupational activities and health implications
Authors: Preko Alexander , Nkrumah Agyabeng Anthony , Mensah James Kwame
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The literature has acknowledged that good health is a crucial component of well-being. This study explores the country-specific understanding of slum dwellers' occupational activities and their environmental behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the environmentally responsible behavior model, the study utilized exploratory qualitative approach to purposely sample 35 respondents, who responded to health-related behaviors through in-depth interviews.

Findings

Findings show that respondents are engaged in diverse socio-economic occupational activities such as selling of cooked and uncooked food in polythene bags, selling of sachet water and burning the waste generated from these activities in the slum environment. In addition, the study found specific occupational activities of masons, carpenters, tilers, salon beauticians, scrap dealers and unhygienic waste disposal in the slums. Finally, this study uncovered divided opinions in terms of respondents' environmental responsibility and awareness of environmental ramifications. Therefore, issues such as health hazards, unhealthy environment and soil deterioration are common at the slum dwellings.

Research limitations/implications

The study findings and the conclusion drawn cannot be generalized to represent the entire population of slum dwellers in Ghana due to the qualitative methodology employed.

Practical implications

This study revealed a country-specific understanding of the environmentally responsible behavior of slum dwellers based on their occupational activities, which can inform health policies.

Originality/value

The outcome of this study advanced contextual culturally specific understanding, concerning health-related behavior of slum dwellers, which is important to policymakers and practitioners in contexts.
Stepping up the game–meeting the needs of global business through virtual team projects
Authors: Swartz Stephanie , Shrivastava Archana
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Virtual collaboration provides students with an opportunity to develop cultural intelligence while fitting into the team where the members are from diverse cultures. The purpose of this study is to explore whether global virtual team (GVT) projects raise students' understanding of cultural differences. In addition, it is interesting to know how internationally disruptive events such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influence GVT projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involved two parts: In the first part, a two-wave longitudinal study was conducted to investigate how intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence coevolve within a group of international students enrolled in a virtual business professional project. In the second part, using word clouds and topic modelling on the participants' perceptions, the study investigated whether the sudden disruption caused by the pandemic show similar results in performance, focussing primarily on the resilience of virtual teams. Further, the study explored participants' perceptions towards online learning in higher education institutions as well as the attitude of corporate organizations towards remote working in the post-pandemic years.

Findings

The results confirmed that GVT projects, in fact, do raise students' understanding of cultural differences and the need to adjust their behaviour accordingly in order to engage with their culturally different counterparts effectively. Participants reported an increase in their cognitive, behavioural and affective attributes.

Research limitations/implications

Among the limitations of this study is the relatively small number of student participants. Furthermore, the number of respondents from India dominated the sample. Since the Indian students were disproportionately affected by the shutdown, causing them to return often to rural areas with poor Internet connectivity, responses concerning the disruption caused by the pandemic may be overriding negative. The same could be said of responses from US-American students, who often rely heavily on-campus employment or whose parents became unemployed during the pandemic, and thus were faced with disproportionate economic insecurity.

Practical implications

This paper provides insights to the educators and international organizations on how such projects provide the skills essential for reducing costs, accessing knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) across borders, maintaining flexible work schedules and arrangements, and taking advantage of multiple time zones to increase productivity.

Originality/value

While highlighting the significance of cultural intelligence, this paper investigated how the sudden disruption caused by a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic impacts performance, focussing primarily on the resilience of virtual teams.
Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of an EDGE-certified building in Ghana
Authors: Agyekum Kofi , Akli-Nartey Elorm Emil Koku , Kukah Augustine Senanu , Agyekum Amma Kyewaa
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The excellence in design and greater efficiencies (EDGE) certification system has seen a gradual adoption worldwide, with Ghana having six out of its eight certified green buildings bearing an EDGE certification. However, little is known about occupants’ satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of EDGE-certified buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the satisfaction of occupants with the IEQ of an EDGE-certified building in Ghana by identifying their perceived performance of the indoor environment relative to their perceived importance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of 12 IEQ parameters with the occupants of an EDGE-certified office building. The survey results were evaluated using a gap analysis and both traditional and alternative Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) matrices.

Findings

The findings revealed that noise level, temperature, cleanliness, sound privacy, air quality and humidity were IEQs that required the highest priority for improvement. Daylight and artificial lighting showed no appreciable performance gap. Space layout was adequately satisfied, whereas space size was overly satisfied. Visual privacy and outdoor view were found to require low priority of improvement.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the state-of-the-art of the IEQ of green buildings. It pioneers the research that seeks to examine the IEQ of EDGE-certified buildings. The gap analysis and the IPA were effective in prioritizing the IEQs for improvement action and provided a practical research framework that helped researchers examine the performance of green buildings, thereby giving valuable feedback to policymakers and building owners.
Entrepreneurial finance and crowdfunding in the Middle East
Authors: Abdeldayem Marwan , Aldulaimi Saeed
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze crowdfunding (CF) as new entrepreneurial finance (EF) tool and to predict the success of CF projects in the Middle East region.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted in seven Middle Eastern countries (i.e. Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE) in addition to serval CF platforms that are commonly used by crowd funders in this region (such as Kickstarter, GoFundMe, Beehive and Zoomal) with total members (195,193). A pilot sample of 20 units was used to validate and verify the research instrument of the study. The research sample consists of 1,910 respondents from the seven countries included in the study. The study emphasizes the partners, micro-structures, administrative conditions and CF advancement in the Middle East.

Findings

The findings reveal that CF’s presence positively impacts fundraising success and that CF platforms are an effective financial technology (Fintech) tool for financing entrepreneurs in the Middle East. The study shows that the success of CF projects in the Middle East can be anticipated by estimating and breaking down enormous information of web-based and social media movement, human resources of funders and online venture introduction. The authors conclude with recommendations for future EF and CF research.

Originality/value

This study aims to analyze the CF and EF principles in the Middle East region as the CF experience and practice in this part of the world tend to be unexplored in terms of research. Presently a very few numbers published research on CF exists. Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, there is no single study investigating CF as an alternative financing source in the Middle East. In particular, the study.
An investigation of time varying market efficiency: evidence from STOXX Europe Christian index
Authors: Yousaf Tayyaba , Farooq Sadia , Mehta Ahmed Muneeb
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the STOXX Europe Christian price index (SECI) follows the premise of efficient market hypothesis (EMH).

Design/methodology/approach

The study used daily data of SECI for the period of 15 years as its launch date i.e. 31 December 2004 to 31 December 2019. Data are analyzed by taking a full-length sample and fixed-length subsample. For subsample, the data are divided into five subsamples of three years each. Subsample analysis is important for analyzing time varying efficiency of the series, as the market is said to follow EMH if it is being efficient throughout the sample. Both type of samples is examined through linear tests including autocorrelations test and variance ratio (VR) test.

Findings

Tests applied conclude that SECI is weak-form efficient, which means that the prices of the index include all the relevant past information and immediately react to new information. Hence, the investors cannot earn abnormal returns.

Originality/value

Religion-based indices grasped the attention of investors, policymakers and academic researchers because of increased concern over ethics in business. Though the impact of religion on the economy have been studied in many ways but the efficiency of religion-based indices have been less explored. The current study is primary in its nature as it analysis the efficiency of SECI. This index is important to explore because Christianity is the world’s top religion with 2.3 billion followers around the globe.
Adoption of Industry 4.0 and lean concepts in hospitals for healthcare operational performance improvement
Authors: Ilangakoon Tharushi Sandunika , Weerabahu Samanthi Kumari , Samaranayake Premaratne , Wickramarachchi Ruwan
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper proposes the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4) technologies and lean techniques for improving operational performance in the healthcare sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopted a systematic literature review and feedback of healthcare professionals to identify the inefficiencies in the current healthcare system. A questionnaire was used to get feedback from the patients and the hospital staff about the current practices and issues, and the expected impact of technology on existing practices. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that I4 technologies lead to the improvement of the operational performance, and the perceptions about I4 technologies are made through the pre-medical diagnosis. However, a weak correlation between lean practices and healthcare operational performance compared to that of I4 technologies and operational performance indicate that lean practices are not fully implemented in the Sri Lankan healthcare sector to their full potential.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to two government hospitals, with insights from only the doctors and nurses in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the study is limited to only selected aspects of I4 technologies (big data, cloud computing and IoT) and lean concepts (value stream mapping and 5S). Therefore, recommendations on the adoption of I4 technologies in the healthcare sector need to be made within the scope of the study investigation.

Practical implications

The implementation of I4 technologies needs careful consideration of process improvement as part of the overall plan for achieving the maximum benefits of technology adoption.

Originality/value

The findings of the research can be used as a benchmark/guide for other hospitals to explore the adoption of I4 technologies, and how process improvement from lean concepts could influence the overall operational performance.
Selling to enabled purchasers: the effect of perceived supply risk and profit impact on the buyer–seller interaction
Authors: Paesbrugghe Bert , Vuori Johanna , Kock Heidi
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Based on insights from the buying process, the purpose of this study is to align selling firms to the buyer’s efficiency needs that are grounded on the different types of purchases.

Design/methodology/approach

Using thematic analysis, this study conducted 35 in-depth interviews with business-to-business buyers and salespeople on the changing buyers’ sourcing needs.

Findings

In line with buyer enablement, buyers prefer personal selling when they perceive the sales offer as highly risky for the buying organization, whereas they have a strong preference for a direct marketing approach by the selling firm when they are purchasing low-risk purchases.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is a qualitative study. Future research should collect secondary company data to validate the results.

Practical implications

This paper addresses the buyer’s sourcing needs and presents how direct marketing channels and personal selling should be balanced to increase the return on salesforce resources.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to examine how sales organizations can create value by facilitating the buying process. Depending on the buyer’s categorization of the sales offer, this study highlights how a choice between direct marketing or personal selling improves the buyer’s perception of the sales organization.
A qualitative study of the stigmatization and coping mechanisms among pregnant teenagers living with HIV in Thailand
Authors: Phonphithak Supalak , Hiransuthikul Narin , Sherer Penchan Pradubmook , Bureechai Sasithorn
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This aim of this study was to explore the experiences of stigmatization and coping mechanisms during pregnancy among pregnant women who are living with HIV in Thailand. The secondary objective was to determine factors contributing to stigma during motherhood among HIV-infected women as well as explore how they cope with the discrimination from society.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews to obtain different versions of stigmatized experience from 16 pregnant women living with HIV on stigmatization and coping mechanisms. There were 5 pregnant adolescents living with HIV and 11 adult pregnant women living with HIV. The content analysis was used to examine patterns of stigmatizations and attributed factors.

Findings

Personal stigma was found among pregnant women living with HIV regardless of age. HIV status disclosure was the crucial barrier of accessing to care for people experiencing stigmatizations. Personal stigma associated with higher HIV status was not disclosed. Interestingly, all teenage mothers who participated in this study disclosed their HIV-status to their family. People who have social support especially from family and significant others are found to be able to cope and get through the difficulties better than those who lack those social support.

Originality/value

This study yields outcomes similar to several other studies that have been conducted either in Thailand or other countries. This study found that family support was crucial in reducing HIV stigma. Furthermore, HIV-infected pregnant female adults were more afraid to disclose their HIV status to their husbands, other family members and their work colleagues.
Modelling and analysis of factors for implementation of smart cities: TISM approach
Authors: Singh Anita , Singla Ashim Raj
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The concept of “Smart Cities” is gaining prominence across the world as a solution to effectively address the issues or impediments faced by cities due to rapid urbanization. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key factors which form the primary basis for the implementation of “Smart Cities”. Particularly, this paper aims to analyse the contextual relationship and driving/dependence power of these key factors and model these using the total interpretive structural modelling (“TISM”) framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The key factors which form the basis for the implementation of Smart Cities were identified through an evaluation of the literature on “Smart Cities” and expert opinions. Thereon, the contextual relationship between these key factors was examined with the help of experts. Thereafter, these key factors were modelled using the total interpretive structured modelling (“TISM”) framework. Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis was further applied to classify the factors. It is pertinent to note that the driving power and dependence of these key factors were also reviewed.

Findings

This paper establishes a TISM of the key factors for the implementation of “Smart Cities” which will aid in examining the interrelationship among the factors and will also identify the hierarchy among these factors. On extensive examination of the literature and expert opinions on “Smart Cities”, it can be asserted through TISM that quality of life (F1), e-services adoption (F5) and economic growth (F8) are the leading factors in establishing “Smart Cities”. Furthermore, it must be noted that the MICMAC analysis and driving-dependence graph helps in classifying the key factors as autonomous factors, drivers, linkages and outcomes, which assists in comprehending which factors possess driver power and which are exhibiting dependency.

Originality/value

The contribution lies in the authentic manner in which this paper attempts to use the TISM approach combined with MICMAC analysis to model key factors for the implementation of “Smart Cities”; which would aid and assist policymakers and practitioners to construct a structural framework for the implementation of “Smart Cities” through identification of drivers, linkages and outcomes.
Components of contributing conditions to strengthen health system management and leadership capacity building: a systematic review and decision making framework
Authors: Bahreini Rona , Gholizadeh Masoumeh , Gedik Fethiye Gulin , Yousefi Mahmoud , Janati Ali
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify components of contributing conditions to strengthen leadership and management capacity in the health system.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic search was undertaken in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and local resources of Scientific Information Database and Magiran in January 2020. Two independent researchers checked the research process, screening of articles and quality assessment. The quality of the studies was assessed by JBI critical appraisal tools for qualitative studies. The components of the dimensions of health system management and leadership capacity were categorized according to the WHO conceptual framework using a content analysis approach.

Findings

A total of 17 articles were included in this study. In total, 16 categories of components include human resource information system (n = 5); criteria, plans and procedures for selection and appointment (n = 5); development of education system (n = 11); skills (n = 39); knowledge (n = 8); attitudes (n = 6); behaviors (n = 10); resource and critical management system (n = 7); performance and processes management (n = 3); operational planning for critical systems (n = 4); establish control systems (n = 2); inputs and outputs of organizations (n = 2); accountability and responsibility to customers and stakeholders (n = 4); legal authority and requirements to play the role of managers (n = 9); external and internal environment management (n = 7); establish a system of appreciation and encouragement (n = 6). Each of these categories also contains subcategories.

Originality/value

Identifying prerequisite conditions are necessary for building leadership and management capacity in health systems. Therefore, extracted components provide a simple but coherent framework that can be adapted or modified for use in local situations. The components have a variety of uses, including mapping current activities, needs assessment, planning leadership and management development strategies and monitoring and evaluation.
ICT development, governance quality and the environmental performance: avoidable thresholds from the lower and lower-middle-income countries
Authors: Amari Mouna , Mouakhar Khaireddine , Jarboui Anis
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to study the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) readiness, use, and intensity and environmental sustainability factors in the lower and middle lower-income countries from 2012 to 2018.

Design/methodology/approach

ICT readiness, use and intensity are measured with the impact of ICT on access to basic services, phone penetration and Internet penetration, while CO2 emissions per capita, fossil fuel energy consumption and methane emissions are used as indicators for air pollution. To achieve this goal, a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation was performed which thresholds are computed contingent on the validity of tested hypotheses.

Findings

The results demonstrate that increasing ICT readiness, use and intensity in lower and lower-middle-income countries enhance environmental sustainability by decreasing CO2 emissions and energy consumption.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations of this study is that the conclusions and policy recommendations do not take into account the specificities of each country. Indeed there are some differences in the growth pattern of ICT in the lower and middle-lower-income countries. Taken together, the authors conclude that increasing ICT has a positive net effect on CO2 and methane emissions per capita, while increasing the impact of ICT access in basic services has a net negative effect on CO2 fossil fuel energy consumption and methane emissions.

Practical implications

The world needs immediate emissions reduction to avoid the long-term danger of climate change. Second, government authorities should give additional efforts in the more pollutant sector such as transport and industry to monitor their energy consumption.

Originality/value

To explore this issue further, the negative net effects suggest that ICT needs to be further developed beyond the determined thresholds, to attain the required negative net effect on fossil fuel energy consumption.
Can student managed investment funds (SMIFs) narrow the environmental, social and governance (ESG) skills gap?
Authors: Oldford Erin , Willcott Neal , Kennie Tanner
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it endeavors to document the current state of environmental, social and governance (ESG) pedagogy within undergraduate finance courses of business schools, and second, it seeks to show how business schools can leverage student managed investment funds (SMIFs) to swiftly integrate ESG pedagogy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is comprised of two sections that use different methodologies. The first part of the study involves a manual content analysis of undergraduate finance course textbooks, and related instructor materials are used to estimate the average coverage of ESG-related topics. Next, a case study of a SMIF that has recently integrated an ESG framework is provided to illustrate how this pedagogical innovation is effective in teaching ESG skills.

Findings

The findings of the content analysis of the three most commonly used textbooks in a sample of 17 Canadian universities, as well as associated instructor material, provide evidence that the primary emphasis in traditional curriculum remains on the shareholder, with little attention paid to ESG factors. The case study of an existing SMIF clearly demonstrates how a student-led development of an ESG framework provides the setting for effective, experiential learning.

Originality/value

This study shows that while traditional teaching settings, like lectures, may be slow to adapt to the rapidly changing needs of industry, nontraditional teaching venues, such as SMIFs, can be leveraged to meet industry demand for ESG skills, thereby closing the skills gap, enhancing student employability and increasing the relevance of business school education.
An interdisciplinary approach for tacit knowledge communication between the designer and the computer
Authors: Hossam Eldin Hala , Bakir Ramy , El-Fiki Sherif
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This research investigates the means of tacit knowledge (TK) communication between the designer and the computer in architectural design. Despite the integration of state-of-the-art computational technologies in different design phases, this integration happens within a limited scope, focusing mainly on tangible aspects of the design process, such as technical systems and visual representations. This lets architectural design miss the wider scope technology provides, where it can help in developing the computational design process through incorporating new intangible knowledge domains that were usually neglected, such as tacit knowledge, and through incorporating more design entities that were not included in the design process before.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducts an interdisciplinary analytical review of the literature to achieve two main research goals. The first goal investigates TK communication between human beings and the second understands approaches of TK communication between humans and computers. For each goal, three phases were implemented; an initial research phase, where main keywords are identified, a sampling and selection of literature phase and an analysis of literature phase.

Findings

Through interlinking findings from different disciplines, the study presents a theoretical framework for TK communication. The framework provides architects with an approach to construct and transfer TK while using the computer in a computational design environment, presenting an individual and a social set of conditions and factors revealed from the review of the analyzed literature. The framework particularly emphasizes the significance of a human–computer symbiotic relationship for the process of TK communication to take place.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary reading into the literature of fields beyond architectural design, incorporating intangible knowledge domains into the computational design process and expanding the capabilities of computational design tools to allow for the transfer of intangible design attributes between different design entities, particularly tacit design knowledge.
Choosing informal ways to acquire land
Authors: Ige Victor Olutope , Gbadegesin Job Taiwo
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper examines why some sets of people choose an informal way to acquire land. It also examines challenges and drivers within indigenous communities in South-western Nigeria. Policy recommendations were proposed for formalization. What precisely are the contextual reasons that can be established empirically for the prevailing extra-legal practices in the developing land market? What are the challenges, and how can the informal land market be graduated into the formal system?

Design/methodology/approach

It begins with identifying the contextual features, drivers and challenges of the informal land market through a combination of literature synthesis and a pilot survey. Subsequently, copies of questionnaires were developed, tested and distributed to the critical actors in the informal land market. Lastly, a structured interview was conducted to elicit possible solutions from key actors (both formal and informal stakeholders). Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics and computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS, Atlas. ti).

Findings

The absence of administrative bureaucracy was the predominant characteristic of the informal urban land market, while household income is the strongest predictor of the informal land market drivers. Informal documentation of transactions is also one of the most severe challenges in the informal urban land market. Consensus between statutory and customary institutions and other 15 governance-related recommendations is proposed to confirm informality to formality.

Originality/value

The paper's outcome will provide a rational guide to landowners, land administrators and other stakeholders on relevant information needed to develop a viable and healthy urban and rural land market.
So you want to work in sports? An exploratory study of sport business employability
Authors: Finch David J. , O'Reilly Norm , Legg David , Levallet Nadège , Fody Emma
Published: August 2021

Purpose

As an industry, sport business (SB) has seen significant growth since the early 2000s. Concurrently, the number of postsecondary sport management programs has also expanded dramatically. However, there remain concerns about whether these programs are meeting the demands of both employers and graduates. To address these concerns, this study examines the credential and competency demands of the SB labor market in the United States.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers conducted an analysis using a broad sample of employment postings (N = 613) for SB positions from two different years, 2008 and 2018.

Findings

Results support that a complex set of SB qualifications exist, and the credentials and competencies included in SB employment postings have evolved over the past decade.

Originality/value

A noteworthy finding is that meta-skills are found to be particularly important for employability, including items such as communication, emotional intelligence and analytical thinking and adaptability.
Assessment of patient safety culture during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary a-level hospital in China
Authors: Huang Chih-Hsuan , Wang Ying , Wu Hsin-Hung , Yii-Ching Lee
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate physicians and nurses' perspectives on patient safety culture amid the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) integrate the emotional exhaustion of physicians and nurses into an evaluation of patient safety culture to provide insights into appropriate implications for medical care.

Design/methodology/approach

Patient safety culture was assessed with the Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the structure of the data (i.e. reliability and validity), and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between safety-related dimensions.

Findings

Safety climate was strongly associated with working conditions and teamwork climate. In addition, working conditions was highly correlated with perceptions of management and job satisfaction, respectively. It is worth noting that the stress and emotional exhaustion of the physicians and nurses during this epidemic were high and needed attention.

Practical implications

For healthcare managers and practitioners, team-building activities, power of public opinions, IoT-focused service, and Employee Assistance Programs are important implications for inspiring the patient safety-oriented culture during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

This paper considers the role of emotional state into patient safety instrument, a much less understood but equally important dimension in the field of patient safety.
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of A‐type Granites in Zhaheba in the East Junggar Region of Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr‐Nd Isotopic Compositions
Authors: TANG Hejun , MENG Guixiang , WU Zhenhan , WANG Zhaolin , DENG Zhen , YAN Jiayong , QI Guang , XUE Ronghui
Published: August 2021

The magma source, petrogenesis, tectonic setting and geochronology of the late Paleozoic A‐type granites widely exposed in the Zhaheba area, East Junggar, have thus far not been well‐constrained. A better understanding of these issues will help to reveal the magmatic processes and continental growth of Central Asia. The A‐type granites in Zhaheba include the Ashutasi alkaline granites and the Yuyitasi syenogranites, which were emplaced at 321.5 ± 4.8 Ma and 321.7 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively. The major rock‐forming minerals are orthoclase, perthite, arfvedsonite and quartz, which exhibit the following principal geochemical characteristics of A2‐type granites. (1) Their REE distribution curves each exhibit a ‘V‘‐shaped pattern and a marked depletion in Eu. They are rich in large‐ion lithophile elements Rb, Th and U as well as high‐field‐strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf, but significantly depleted in Ba, Sr, P and Ti. (2) Their (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7021–0.7041), εNd(t) values (4.57–5.16) and REE distribution patterns are in basic agreement with those of the Kalamaili A‐type granite belt in East Junggar. The TDM2 values of the alkaline granites and syenogranites range from 661 to 709 Ma. The A‐type granites may be the products of upwelling asthenosphere‐triggered partial melting of immature lower crust. The alkaline granites were late‐stage products of crystallization and differentiation. Compared to the syenogranites, the alkaline granites are significantly lower in K2O, Na2O, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO, but significantly higher in incompatible elements (e.g., SiO2, Rb, and Sr). The magmatic crystallization temperatures of the syenogranites and alkaline granites are 874°C and 819°C, respectively. As their age gradually decreases (peak ages: 322 Ma and 307 Ma, respectively), there is a gradual decrease in the TDM2 of the A‐type granites and a gradual increase in the εNd(t) value from the Ulungur belt to the Kalamaili belt in East Junggar. The study of A‐type granites is therefore one of the keys to understanding the laws and mechanisms of crustal accretion during the Phanerozoic period, as well as also being of great significance for understanding the Paleozoic accretion.
Combined minimally invasive resection of thoracic neurogenic dumbbell tumors: A European case series
Authors: Harrison Oliver J. , Bakir Adnan , Chamberlain Martin H. , Nader‐Sepahi Ali , Amer Khalid M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Paraspinal tumors are rare neoplasms arising from neurogenic elements of the posterior mediastinum and surgical resection can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate feasibility and outcomes from the first European case series of combined laminectomy and video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection of thoracic neurogenic dumbbell tumors.

Methods

A retrospective review of all combined thoracic dumbbell tumor resections performed at our institution between March 2015 to February 2019 was undertaken. Outcomes included operative time, blood loss, length of stay and recurrence rate. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistics (v26). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation and median ± interquartile range.

Results

Seven patients were included in the case series and there were no major complications or mortality. Mean tumor size and operative time were 66 (± 35) mm and 171 (± 63) min, respectively. Median blood loss and length of stay were 40 (± 70) ml and four (± 3) days, respectively. One patient required conversion to thoracotomy to remove a tumor of 135 mm in maximal dimension. Histology in all seven cases confirmed schwannoma. There was no disease recurrence at a maximum follow‐up of 54 months.

Conclusions

Our experience demonstrates favorable operative times, minimal blood loss and short length of stay when dealing with relatively large tumors compared to previous reports. Thoracotomy may be required for tumors exceeding 90 mm and chest drain removal on the operative day can facilitate early mobility and discharge. We advocate a combined, minimally invasive laminectomy and VATS resection as the gold‐standard approach for thoracic neurogenic dumbbell tumors.
Restating Internal Control Reports Following Financial Statement Restatements: Determinants and Consequences*
Authors: Feng Mei , Li Chan , Raghunandan K. , Sun Lili
Published: August 2021

After restating their financial statements, companies may voluntarily restate their previously issued internal control (IC) reports for the financial statement (FS) misstatement periods, changing them from “effective” to “ineffective.” This paper examines the determinants and consequences of IC restatements, which have been of concern to financial statement users. When announcing these IC restatements, companies often provide a detailed explanation of the IC problems and a discussion of their plans to remediate these problems. We find that companies with less severe IC problems that can be remediated more quickly are more likely to restate their IC reports. Moreover, these results are driven by companies with a higher need for external financing, suggesting that IC restaters voluntarily restate their IC reports in order to inform investors about their less severe IC material weaknesses and their plans to improve IC quality. Finally, we find that, relative to other FS restatement companies, IC restaters have a lower likelihood of CFO turnover and auditor resignation following the FS restatement. Taken together, our results suggest that voluntary IC restatements are used by IC restaters as a means to separate themselves from other FS restatement companies with more severe control problems and slower remediation plans. Our findings also indicate that studies investigating IC quality and related disclosures need to distinguish between IC restaters and other FS restatement companies because of the different characteristics and consequences between the two groups.
Health‐related quality of life, anxiety and depression and physical recovery after critical illness – A prospective cohort study
Authors: Estrup Stine , Kjer Cilia K. W. , Vilhelmsen Frederik , Ahmed Nadia , Poulsen Lone M. , Gøgenur Ismail , Mathiesen Ole
Published: August 2021

Background

Critical illness is often followed by mental and physical impairments. We aimed to assess the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms of anxiety and depression, and physical function in critically ill patients after discharge from the intensive care unit.

Methods

For this prospective cohort study we included all available adult patients admitted to the ICU for >24 h during a 12‐month period. Home visits took place at 3 and 12 months after discharge from the hospital and included Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Chelsea Critical Care Assessment Too (CPAx).

Results

We visited 79 patients at 3 and 53 at 12 months. In patients with data from both visits the mental components SF‐36 scores (median (IQR)) were 55 (43–63) at 3, and 58.5 (49.5–64) at 12 months; physical component SF‐36 scores were 35 (28–45) at 3, and 36 (28–42) at 12 months. SF‐36 subdomains of mental health, social functioning, and role emotional were close to normal. Vitality, bodily pain, general health, physical functioning, and role physical were severely affected. Incidences of anxiety and depression symptoms were 16%/8% at 3 and 13%/8% at 12 months) and physical function (CPAx) was 47 at both time points).

Conclusion

We found no change in HRQoL, anxiety, and depression, or physical function from 3 months to 1 year. Physical health‐related quality of life was impaired at both time points. Subdomain scores for physical health‐related quality of life were affected more than mental domains at both time points.
Moisturisers from birth in at‐risk infants of atopic dermatitis – a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ng Pamela Si Min , Wee Lynette Wei Yi , Ho Valerie Pui Yoong , Tan Weixuan Colin , Bishnoi Priya , Alagappan Uma , Wong Sharon Mun Yee , Gan Emily Yiping , Quek Bin Huey , Shen Liang , Su Bing , Common John EA , Koh Mark Jean Aan
Published: August 2021

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic dermatosis, with onset of disease often manifesting in early infancy. Past studies evaluating the early use of moisturisers in the prevention of AD had mixed results.

Objectives

To compare the incidence of moderate or severe AD and total incidence of AD in a cohort of ‘at‐risk’ infants treated with moisturisers from the first 2 weeks of life, to a similar group without moisturisers.

Methods

We performed a single‐centre, prospective, parallel‐group, randomised study in infants with at least 2 first‐degree relatives with atopy. Subjects were randomised into either a treatment group with moisturisers or a control group without moisturisers. Participants were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 months for AD and if present, the severity was assessed using SCORAD index. We also compared the overall incidence of AD, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, pH, and incidence of food and environmental sensitisation and allergies between both groups. Genotyping for loss‐of‐functions mutations in the FLG gene was conducted.

Results

A total of 200 subjects were recruited, with 100 subjects in each arm. There was no significant difference in incidence of moderate or severe AD, and total incidence of AD at 12 months between the treatment and control groups. There was a lower mean SCORAD in the treatment group than in the control group, but no significant difference in TEWL, SC hydration, and skin pH. No significant side‐effects were reported.

Conclusions

The early use of moisturisers in ‘at‐risk’ infants does not reduce the incidence of moderate‐to‐severe AD and overall incidence of AD in infancy.