bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of combined process of partial nitritation - anammox using a rotating biological contactor (PARBC) to treat ammonium-rich wastewater
Authors: Nguyen Hien Nhu , Truong Van Thi Thanh , Le Son Thanh , Phan Nhat The , Nguyen Dan Phuoc
Published: September 2018

Combining the partial Nitritation and Anammox using a rotating biological contactor (PARBC) to remove the ammonium in wastewater was evaluated in this study. The accumulation of Anammox bacteria on the carrier easily obtained after 5 days operating of sequence batch with synthetic wastewater. Then AOB biomass cultivated in PARBC to complete the process of combining two bacteria in the same reactor for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal. After 60 batches of the operation, highest nitrogen removal rate reached 0.33 kg N/m3.d with nitrogen removal efficiency is 90% at a concentration of ammonium input of 250 mg N/L. The specific Anammox activity (SAA) of biofilm and suspended sludge in the tank is determined to be 0.298 gN-N2/gVSS/day and 0.0041 gN-N2/gVSS/day, respectively. Moreover, the suspended sludge concentration is 17.765 mg MLSS/L. This result showed that Anammox bacteria adapt and grow on the rotating biological carrier; otherwise Anammox bacteria hardly develop in the form of suspended sludge in the tank. This study shows that the PARBCR has great potential to effectively removing ammonium from wastewater with the short startup time.
Carbon footprint inventory of rubber industry in two phases planting and processing in Binh Duong province
Authors: Ho Dung Minh , Tran Giang Le Nhat
Published: September 2018

With the objective of assessing the current greenhouse gas emissions and proposing solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from planting and processing of rubber industry in Binh Duong province, the study using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method combined with instructions of IPCC (2006), the study has done the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in plantation and processing plants in 11 plantations and 03 processing plants of Dau Tieng Rubber Co.Ltd, Binh Duong province. The results showed that emissions in plantation is 1,038.2 kg C/ton product, 91.5% to 94.6% from the total emissions of the products; emissions of rubber blocks from latex is 1,134.7 kg C/ton product; emissions of rubber block from latex condensed is 1,098.0 kg C/ton product; emissions of latex concentrated is 1,110.8 kg C/ton product; emissions of skim block is 1,123.9 kg C/ton product. In addition, the study also proposes measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in plantation and processing plant. The measures is mainl focused on changing the way of using fertilizers, increased efficiency of using urea in rubber trees and reduce the amount of fertilizer containing urea /nitrogen. Study results will help managers and enterprises control greenhouse gas emissions from rubber latex processing industry in Binh Duong province.
Synthesis of polylactic acid-diol (PLA-diol) from lactic acid and 1,4-butanediol
Authors: La Ha Thi Thai
Published: September 2018

In this research, the PLA-diol were synthesized from lactic acid (LA) and 1.4 butanediols (BD) with a tin octoate Sn(Oct)2 catalyst at a temperature of 180 °C and the pressure 5 mmHg. The structure and properties of PLA-diol are analyzed by the following methods: GPC, 1H-NMR and DSC. As a result, with the change in the content of Sn (Oct)2 from 0.1 to 1.0%, the molecular weight Mn of PLA - diol increased gradually from 4.119,2 to 7.359,6 g / mol . In addition, the BD content increased from 2.0% to 5.0%, the average molecular weight of the product decreased gradually from 7.536,9 g / mol to 4.735 g / mol, respectively. This change will affect the ability to use PLA-diol in the next denaturation research to apply in the field of biodegradable polymer such as copolymer with polyurethane, copolymer with polyethylene glycol diacid, or chain extension with other polymer in a chain reaction,...
Synthesis of Urea Formaldehyde microcapsules containing linseed oil for self-healing coating
Authors: La Ha Thi Thai , Vo Tinh Dinh Cong
Published: September 2018

Microcapsules had Urea Formaldehyde (UF) shell and linseed oil core were investigated manufacture. Synthesis UF shell of Microcapsules was experimented by emulsion polymerization and pH was only adjusted once by mixer of Resorcinol / Amoni Clorua. Content of Urea and emulsifiler Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate, pH, agitation rate were investigated. This research shows that the linseed oil (core) is disintegrated at 1,500 rpm in pH = 5.5 with 1.2% (w/w) Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate. In addition, the combination of Urea used in order to create the shell about 40% (w/w) linseed oil and Formaldehyde are suitable. The microcapsules products have the average size less 100 μm. Besides that, the content of the linseed oil in the core is about 87% (w/w)take the advantage to use in self-healing coating.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Enterobacter cloacae of extracts of Eclipta alba Hassk.
Authors: Dai Trang Thi Xuan , Vo Anh Thi Tu
Published: September 2018

This study was subjected to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Eclipta alba extracts (methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae of the extracts. The extracts of Eclipta alba were tested against E. cloacae. The highest antibacterial potentiality was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves, means of zones of bacterial growth inhibition are 26.3 mm at a concentration of 32 μg/mL. DPPH free radical scavenging effect of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidant vitamin C. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves. The result also showed that the DPPH scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract from leaves of E. alba was high (EC50 = 419.38 μg/mL). However, this result was 18.99 times lower than that of vitamin C (EC50 = 22.08 μg/mL).
La prueba de orientación y medición academica (POMA) y el Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU)
Authors: Díaz Esteve José V. , Ruiz-Matuk Carlos
Published: September 2018

El presente trabajo es una revisión de los resultados de la aplicación de la POMA. 3 y 4 en el ISFODOSU en cuanto a dos aspectos distintos. Un primer aspecto se refiere a la comparación general de las medias obtenidas por los estudiantes que solicitaron su ingreso en el instituto en los años que van del 2008 al 2014 (con excepción del 2011), tanto en relación con el resto de los estudiantes que solicitaron su ingreso en los otros centros de estudios superiores como en función de las variaciones mostradas de un año a otro. A este respecto, los resultados muestran que los estudiantes que aspiran a ingresar en el ISFODOSU muestran consistentemente las medias más bajas. Sin embargo, estas medias experimentaron, en los años evaluados, una cierta tendencia a ir incrementándose gradualmente. El segundo aspecto tratado concierne a la medida en que ciertas variables influyen en la aptitud académica testada por la prueba. Las variables incluidas en el análisis fueron el sexo de los aspirantes, la zona del país de la que proceden, la institución académica de la que provienen, la tanda horaria a la que asistieron y el período del año en el que tomaron la prueba. Con relación a este segundo punto, entre otros resultados, se halló lo siguiente: hubo diferencias significativas en función del sexo (los hombres, por lo general, obtuvieron mejores calificaciones que las mujeres); los estudiantes procedentes de la zona o región sur del país obtuvieron las medias más bajas; lo mismo sucedió con los estudiantes que cursaron la secundaria en centros públicos o, en menor medida, en otros tipos de centros que no eran ni universidades ni centros privados; y, aunque la mayoría de las diferencias no eran significativas, los estudiantes que tomaron la prueba entre enero y abril fueron los que obtuvieron las menores calificaciones.
Competencias del profesor de matemáticas
Authors: Méndez Coca Miriam
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se exponen diversos modos de entender la formación competencial del profesorado de matemáticas en la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. La Universidad Complutense especifica esta formación en competencias transversales, totales y objetivos que concretan el espacio competencial. La OCDE y PISA enfatizan la competencia matemática, por el papel que desempeñan las matemáticas en la vida diaria, indagando sobre tres competencias clave: comprensión lectora, competencia matemática y competencia científica. Tribó desarrolla las competencias sobre el esquema educativo del Informe Delors y Perrenoud entiende que las competencias movilizan recursos cognitivos ante situaciones, pueden no ser conocimientos y se pueden adquirir mediante procesos de formación pero también son fruto de la experiencia profesional. El Parlamento Europeo recomienda capacitar a los profesores de matemáticas para desarrollar y aplicar el razonamiento matemático con el fin de resolver problemas en situaciones cotidianas. Se trata el positivo uso de las TIC en las explicaciones de clase. El segundo asunto tratado se refiere a dos modelos de formación de los profesores de matemáticas: el primero enfatiza los conocimientos, su capacidad comprensiva, la facultad de poner en lenguaje matemático los asuntos de la vida cotidiana y la capacidad de transmitir una actitud positiva hacia las matemáticas. El modelo comunicativo parte de la calidad del proceso de la enseñanza – aprendizaje, que significa capacidad para planificar, buscar y proponer tareas adecuadas a los estudiantes de matemáticas y habilidad para estimular la comunicación profesor-alumno, alumnos – profesor, profesor y alumnos - directivos del centro de estudio.
An Evaluation of Pediatric Out Patient Department (POPD) of a Private Dental College Hospital by Accompanying Parents of Child Patients
Authors: Khan Md Asif Iqbal , Parvin S , Aman J , Mahmud G , Anber N , Chowdhury TG
Published: September 2018

Purpose:The Pediatric Out-patient-department (POPD) of a dental hospital deals with children with different tooth related complaints. Dental treatment of a child patient requires three way interactions between the child, the parent and the dental surgeon. Though health of the patient remains the top priority for caregivers, satisfaction with the delivery system is vital for long lasting doctor-patient relationship. Thepurpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of Pediatric OPD by the accompanying parents of children receiving treatment at the OPD of a private dental college hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at the POPD of Sapporo Dental College Hospital, Uttara Model Town of Dhaka city during May-July 2017. Sampling was done by simple random sam- pling method .Data were collected from the parents of 122 children aged between 1-12 years by using a self-administrated questionnaire.Results: Majority of the participating parents were residents of Uttara Model Town or areas in the vicinity and were employed, educated and are middle are middle socioeconomic class. More than sixty percent (62.3 %) of the respondents were parents of children between 4-7 years of age. More than 90% of the patients had waiting time at the department between 0-30 minutes. Treatment cost was described as ‘low or ‘reasonable’ by 87% of the parents. Only 8.2% mentioned ‘unsatisfactory’ regarding the cleanliness of Pediatric OPD. More than 95% of the respond- ents expressed ‘Satisfactory’ and ‘good’ level of satisfaction with general performance of OPD and the treatment provided by the dental team.Conclusion: Parents expressed general satisfaction with the performance of Pediatric Department of Sapporo Dental College Hospital.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 05-10
Comparison between uses of topical tacrolimus and triamcinolone ointment for the treatment of oral lichen planus.
Authors: Ahmed Shaikh , Prodhan Md Rubayet Alam , Rezwana Rifat , Afroz Jahan Sadia , Ahmad Mottakin , Khan Md Rakibul Hassan
Published: September 2018

Background: Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease with primary or secondary involve- ment of the oral mucosa. In particular in case of erosive lichen planus most of the patients experience no long term symptoms relief of conventional topical treatment such as corticosteroid ointment. Topical tacrolimus applications to mucosal lesions seem to be an alternative treatment approach.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical tacrolimus ointment with that of triamcinolone acetonide ointment on patients suffering from oral lichen planus.Study design: This was a clinical trial.  Study setting and period: This study was conducted in outpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College in the period between June 2013 to May 2014.Subjects: A total of sixty patients were enrolled. Out of sixty patients thirty patients used topical tacroli- mus 0.03% (Group A) and another thirty patients used topical triamcinolone acetonide( Group B) for the treatment of oral lichen planus.Methods: A total of sixty patients were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding the degree of pain and burning sensation in every two weeks according to visual analogue scale (VAS). In every two weeks change of colour and size and also any side effects of these drugs were assessed. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 15.0 for windows.Results: At the end of 12th week follow up periods complete relief of pain and burning sensation in group A patients were 100% and in group B it was 30%. There was no side effect in two study group patients.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 17-21
Role Of Habitual Risk Factors On Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hannan Md Abdul , Rahman Mohammad Asifur , Hossain Shakhawat , Rahman Quazi Billur
Published: September 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral malignancy. Betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, smoking, alcohol consumption, mechanical irritation, genetic are the most important risk factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the study was to determine the role of habitual risk factors inOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.  Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study for the determination of the risk factors of OSCC over 2 years period of January 2011 to December 2012. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka,National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka and Health and Hope Hospital, Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2012  Results:250 patients, comprising 44% male and 56% female were included in the study. Overall mean age was 55.94±10.93 years. The patients of OSCChavemost common habit of betel quid with tobacco 124(49.6%), then betel quid with tobacco and smoking 49(19.6%), betel quid with tobacco and Gul 19(7.6%), only smoking 13(5.2%), Betel quid without tobacco and smoking 13(5.2%), betel quid without tobacco 12(5.2%), betel quid with tobacco and catechu (Khoir) 4(1.6%), betel quid with tobac- co, smoking and gul 3(1.2%), betel quid without tobacco,smoking and alcohol 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco and gul 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco, smoking and gul 1(0.4%), betel nut chewing 1(0.4%), mechanical irritation but no habit 5(2.0%) and no habitual history 2(0.8%).  Conclusion: According to this study betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, gul, smoking are the important risk factors in OSCC.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 29-35
Patient Satisfaction With Health Care Services In Outpatient Department Of A Dental College Hospital In Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Munawar Hussain , Magsi Mansoor , Lahmar Oussama
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the important factors to determine the success of health care facility. The real challenge is not getting ready with mere requirements, but also delivers services ensuring good quality. Thus, there is a need to assess the health care systems regarding patient satisfaction as often as possible. The aim of this study was to determine the patient satisfaction with health care services in out-patient department (OPD) of a dental college hospital in Pakistan.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was undertaken during the month of May 2015 in the OPD of Bibi Asifa Dental College and Hospital, Larkana, Pakistan. A randomly selected 100 patients were interviewed by using pre-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires had semi-structured, open-ended and closed questions. While analyzing, they were grouped into categories like availability of services, clinical care, waiting time and cost.Results: The overall opinions about the satisfaction level of patients for availability of health services in the hospital were good. As location of the hospital and timings of the OPD were convenient to the most of the patients 86% and 93% respectively. Availability of the doctors was also found adequate. However, regarding seating arrangements one fourth of the total patients were found to be unsatisfied. Efficiency of the doctor was found satisfactory by 83%, while majority of the patients did not faced any kind of language problem.Conclusion: According to patient’s opinion, the study revealed that the degree of satisfaction was satisfactory with respect to waiting time and availability of the doctors in the hospital, which need to be further explored and corrected.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 55-60
A Preview of the Inklings? A Note on the Early Correspondence of C. S. Lewis and Arthur Greeves
Authors: Lookadoo Jonathon
Published: September 2018

Building on studies by Diana Pavlac Glyer that illustrate collaboration among the Inklings, this short article argues that the letters of C. S. Lewis and Arthur Greeves provide evidence of similar practices in their correspondence between 1914 and 1919. Lewis and Greeves encouraged each other during their early writing careers and critiqued each other's works. Greeves also provided editorial assistance by sending Lewis the manuscripts of his poetry so that Lewis could prepare his poems for publication. The two further discussed working together to write an opera, although this work seems not to have come to fruition. The article thus develops Glyer's thesis by providing an additional example of a collaborative tendency in the working habits of an Inklings member. In addition, these findings suggest that Lewis was fortified by his relationships with others from the early stages of his writing career.
Pneumatic Atomization: Beam-Steering Correction in Laser Diffraction Measurements of Spray Droplet Size Distributions
Authors: Wittner Marc O. , Karbstein Heike P. , Gaukel Volker
Published: September 2018

Laser diffraction is among the most widely used methods for spray droplet size measurements. However, the so-called beam-steering effect must be considered when pneumatic atomizers are used for droplet generation. The beam-steering effect is a systematic measurement error, leading to the detection of apparent large spray droplets due to gradients in the refractive index of the gas phase. The established correction method is based on the reduction of the laser diffraction system’s measurement range by deactivation of detectors, relevant for the detection of large droplets. As this method is only applicable when size ranges of real and apparent droplet sizes are clearly different, an alternative method for beam-steering correction is introduced in the presented study. It is based on a multimodal log-normal fit of measured spray droplet sizes. The modality representing the largest droplets is correlated to the beam-steering effect and therefore excluded from the measured size distribution. The new method was successfully applied to previously published droplet size distribution measurements of an internal mixing Air-Core-Liquid-Ring (ACLR) atomizer. In measurements where the method of detector deactivation is applicable, excellent accordance of droplet size distributions, gained by both correction methods, was found. In measurements with overlapping real and apparent parts of the distribution, the new correction method led to a significant reduction of overestimated large droplets. As a consequence, we conclude that the new method presented here for beam-steering correction should be applied in laser diffraction measurements of spray droplet sizes, generated by pneumatic atomizers.
Stochastic and Temporal Models of Olfactory Perception
Authors: Hettinger Thomas P. , Frank Marion E.
Published: September 2018

Olfactory systems typically process signals produced by mixtures composed of very many natural odors, some that can be elicited by single compounds. The several hundred different olfactory receptors aided by several dozen different taste receptors are sufficient to define our complex chemosensory world. However, sensory processing by selective adaptation and mixture suppression leaves only a few perceptual components recognized at any time. Thresholds determined by stochastic processes are described by functions relating stimulus detection to concentration. Relative saliences of mixture components are established by relating component recognition to concentration in the presence of background components. Mathematically distinct stochastic models of perceptual component dominance in binary mixtures were developed that accommodate prediction of an appropriate range of probabilities from 0 to 1, and include errors in identifications. Prior short-term selective adaptation to some components allows temporally emergent recognition of non-adapted mixture-suppressed components. Thus, broadly tuned receptors are neutralized or suppressed by activation of other more efficacious receptors. This ‘combinatorial’ coding is more a process of subtraction than addition, with the more intense components dominating the perception. It is in this way that complex chemosensory mixtures are reduced to manageable numbers of odor notes and taste qualities.
Characterization of Soybean Protein Adhesives Modified by Xanthan Gum
Authors: Feng Chen , Wang Fang , Xu Zheng , Sui Huilin , Fang Yong , Tang Xiaozhi , Shen Xinchun
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to provide a basis for the preparation of medical adhesives from soybean protein sources. Soybean protein (SP) adhesives mixed with different concentrations of xanthan gum (XG) were prepared. Their adhesive features were evaluated by physicochemical parameters and an in vitro bone adhesion assay. The results showed that the maximal adhesion strength was achieved in 5% SP adhesive with 0.5% XG addition, which was 2.6-fold higher than the SP alone. The addition of XG significantly increased the hydrogen bond and viscosity, as well as increased the β-sheet content but decreased the α-helix content in the second structure of protein. X-ray diffraction data showed significant interactions between SP molecules and XG. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the surface of SP adhesive modified by XG was more viscous and compact, which were favorable for the adhesion between the adhesive and bone. In summary, XG modification caused an increase in the hydrogen bonding and zero-shear viscosity of SP adhesives, leading to a significant increase in the bond strength of SP adhesives onto porcine bones.
Ramjet Compression System for a Hypersonic Air Transportation Vehicle Combined Cycle Engine
Authors: Veeran Sasha , Pesyridis Apostolos , Ganippa Lionel
Published: September 2018

This report assesses the performance characteristics of a ramjet compression system in the application of a hypersonic vehicle. The vehicle is required to be self-powered and perform a complete flight profile using a combination of turbojet, ramjet and scramjet propulsion systems. The ramjet has been designed to operate between Mach 2.5 to Mach 5 conditions, allowing for start-up of the scramjet engine. Multiple designs, including varying ramp configurations and turbo-ramjet combinations, were investigated to evaluate their merits and limitations. Challenges arose with attempting to maintain sufficient pressure recoveries and favourable flow characteristics into the ramjet combustor. The results provide an engine inlet design capable of propelling the vehicle between the turbojet and scramjet phase of flight, allowing for the completion of its mission profile. Compromises in the design, however, had to be made in order to allow for optimisation of other propulsion systems including the scramjet nozzle and aerodynamics of the vehicle; it was concluded that these compromises were justified as the vehicle uses the ramjet engine for a minority of the flight profile as it transitions between low supersonic to hypersonic conditions.
Vibroacoustic Prediction of a High-Temperature Superconducting Field-Modulation Double-Stator Machine with Stationary Seal
Authors: Wang Yubin , Zhao Chenchen , Xu Wei , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: September 2018

This paper predicted the vibroacoustic regularity of a high temperature superconducting (HTS) field-modulation double-stator (HTS-FMDS) machine with stationary seal for low-speed and direct-drive applications. The originality of this paper lies in that the spatial order and angular velocity of electromagnetic-force density of the HTS-FMDS machine were derived by using the analytical method. Moreover, the validity of the analytical solutions was verified by the finite element analysis (FEA) results. Then, the modal shapes and frequencies of the outer stator were obtained by using multiphysics coupling simulation. By transferring the electromagnetic force to the stator structural model, the regularity of electromagnetic vibration and noise of the HTS-FMDS machine were revealed.
Threats to Rural Landscape and Its Protection in Poland
Authors: Górka Anna
Published: September 2018

The article describes the premises and conditions for the implementation of a pro-landscape spatial policy in rural areas in Poland. It presents the erosion of spatial order in a large part of the country’s territory. Firstly, the state of protection of the rural landscape and the legal aspects of shaping the space of rural areas are described. Secondly, the location is depicted, and the main physiognomic and environmental threats in the rural areas are discussed. It is then questioned whether the statutory regulations that have been introduced into the spatial planning system and adapt the Polish law to the requirements of the European Landscape Convention will stop the degradation of the landscape. Deep systemic changes are needed, as they will lead to the involvement of public policy in shaping the landscape and the introduction of tools and procedures for the management of visual landscape resources. They would constitute a convenient space for mediation in the relations between actors operating in space and an open knowledge laboratory of the environment, which would be useful in the participatory planning process. The presented arguments and conclusions result from the review and analysis of research results, which are mainly in the field of landscape protection and rural area management.
Review on Fabrication of Structurally Colored Fibers by Electrospinning
Authors: Yu Jiali , Kan Chi-Wai
Published: September 2018

Structural color derived from the physical interactions of photons, with the specific chromatic mechanism differing from that of dyes and pigments, has brought considerable attention by the conducive virtue of being dye-free and fadeless. This has recently become a research hot-spot. Assemblies of colloidal nanoparticles enable the manufacture of periodic photonic nanostructures. In our review, the mechanism of nanoparticle assemblies into structurally colored structures by the electrospinning method was briefly introduced, followed by a comparatively comprehensive review summarizing the research related to photonic crystals with periodically aligned nanostructures constructed by the assembly of colloidal nanoparticles, and the concrete studies concerning the fabrication of well-aligned electrospun nanofibers incorporating with colloidal nanoparticles based on the investigation of relevant factors such as the sizes of colloidal nanoparticles, the weight ratio between colloidal nanoparticles, and the polymer matrix. Electrospinning is expected to be a deserving technique for the fabrication of structurally colored nanofibers while the colloidal nanoparticles can be well confined into aligned arrangement inside nanofibres during the electrospinning process after the achievement of resolving remaining challenges.
Derivation of the Variants of the Burgers Model Using a Thermodynamic Approach and Appealing to the Concept of Evolving Natural Configurations
Authors: Málek Josef , Rajagopal Kumbakonam R. , Tůma Karel
Published: September 2018

Viscoelastic rate-type fluid models involving the stress and frame-indifferent time derivatives of second order, like those in Burgers’ model, are used to describe the complicated response of fluid like materials that are endowed with a complex microstructure that allows them to possess two different relaxation mechanisms as well as other non-Newtonian characteristics. Such models are used in geomechanics, biomechanics, chemical engineering and material sciences. We show how to develop such rate-type fluid models that include the classical Burgers’ model as well as variants of Burgers’ model, using a thermodynamic approach based on constitutive assumptions for two scalar quantities (namely, how the material stores energy and how the energy is dissipated) and appealing to the concept of natural configuration associated with the placement of the body that evolves as the body deforms.
Early Mobility in the Hospital: Lessons Learned from the STRIDE Program
Authors: Hastings Susan Nicole , Choate Ashley L. , Mahanna Elizabeth P. , Floegel Theresa A. , Allen Kelli D. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Wang Virginia
Published: September 2018

Immobility during hospitalization is widely recognized as a contributor to deconditioning, functional loss, and increased need for institutional post-acute care. Several studies have demonstrated that inpatient walking programs can mitigate some of these negative outcomes, yet hospital mobility programs are not widely available in U.S. hospitals. STRIDE (assiSTed eaRly mobIlity for hospitalizeD older vEterans) is a supervised walking program for hospitalized older adults that fills this important gap in clinical care. This paper describes how STRIDE works and how it is being disseminated to other hospitals using the Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework. Guided by REP, we define core components of the program and areas where the program can be tailored to better fit the needs and local conditions of its new context (hospital). We describe key adaptations made by four hospitals who have implemented the STRIDE program and discuss lessons learned for successful implementation of hospital mobility programs.
Social Network Analysis and Resilience in University Students: An Approach from Cohesiveness
Authors: Liébana-Presa Cristina , Andina-Díaz Elena , Reguera-García María-Mercedes , Fulgueiras-Carril Iván , Bermejo-Martínez David , Fernández-Martínez Elena
Published: September 2018

The Social Network Analysis offers a view of social phenomena based on interactions. The aim of this study is to compare social reality through the cohesion variable and analyse its relationship with the resilience of university students. This information is useful to work with the students academically and to optimise the properties of the network that have an influence in academic performance. This is a descriptive transversal study with 90 students from the first and third year of the Nursing Degree. Cohesion variables from the support and friendship networks and the level of resilience were gathered. The UCINET programme was used for network analysis and the SPSS programme for statistical analysis. The students’ friendship and support networks show high intra-classroom cohesion although there are no differences between the support networks and friendship or minimal contact networks in both of the courses used for the study. The network cohesion indicators show less cohesion in the third year. No correlations were found between cohesion and resilience. Resilience does not appear to be an attribute related to cohesion or vice versa.
Identifying Urban Neighborhood Names through User-Contributed Online Property Listings
Authors: McKenzie Grant , Liu Zheng , Hu Yingjie , Lee Myeong
Published: September 2018

Neighborhoods are vaguely defined, localized regions that share similar characteristics. They are most often defined, delineated and named by the citizens that inhabit them rather than municipal government or commercial agencies. The names of these neighborhoods play an important role as a basis for community and sociodemographic identity, geographic communication and historical context. In this work, we take a data-driven approach to identifying neighborhood names based on the geospatial properties of user-contributed rental listings. Through a random forest ensemble learning model applied to a set of spatial statistics for all n-grams in listing descriptions, we show that neighborhood names can be uniquely identified within urban settings. We train a model based on data from Washington, DC, and test it on listings in Seattle, WA, and Montréal, QC. The results indicate that a model trained on housing data from one city can successfully identify neighborhood names in another. In addition, our approach identifies less common neighborhood names and suggestions of alternative or potentially new names in each city. These findings represent a first step in the process of urban neighborhood identification and delineation.
Germination and the Early Stages of Seedling Development in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Wolny Elzbieta , Betekhtin Alexander , Rojek Magdalena , Braszewska-Zalewska Agnieszka , Lusinska Joanna , Hasterok Robert
Published: September 2018

Successful germination and seedling development are crucial steps in the growth of a new plant. In this study, we investigated the course of the cell cycle during germination in relation to grain hydration in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) for the first time. Flow cytometry was performed to monitor the cell cycle progression during germination and to estimate DNA content in embryo tissues. The analyses of whole zygotic embryos revealed that the relative DNA content was 2C, 4C, 8C, and 16C. Endoreplicated nuclei were detected in the scutellum and coleorhiza cells, whereas the rest of the embryo tissues only had nuclei with a 2C and 4C DNA content. This study was accompanied by a spatiotemporal profile analysis of the DNA synthetic activity in the organs of Brachypodium embryos during germination using EdU labelling. Upon imbibition, nuclear DNA replication was initiated in the radicle within 11 h and subsequently spread towards the plumule. The first EdU-labelled prophases were observed after 14 h of imbibition. Analysis of selected genes that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, such as those encoding cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, demonstrated an increase in their expression profiles.
Nach Is a Novel Subgroup at an Early Evolutionary Stage of the CNC-bZIP Subfamily Transcription Factors from the Marine Bacteria to Humans
Authors: Zhu Yu-Ping , Wang Meng , Xiang Yuancai , Qiu Lu , Hu Shaofan , Zhang Zhengwen , Mattjus Peter , Zhu Xiaomei , Zhang Yiguo
Published: September 2018

Normal growth and development, as well as adaptive responses to various intracellular and environmental stresses, are tightly controlled by transcriptional networks. The evolutionarily conserved genomic sequences across species highlights the architecture of such certain regulatory elements. Among them, one of the most conserved transcription factors is the basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) family. Herein, we have performed phylogenetic analysis of these bZIP proteins and found, to our surprise, that there exist a few homologous proteins of the family members Jun, Fos, ATF2, BATF, C/EBP and CNC (cap’n’collar) in either viruses or bacteria, albeit expansion and diversification of this bZIP superfamily have occurred in vertebrates from metazoan. Interestingly, a specific group of bZIP proteins is identified, designated Nach (Nrf and CNC homology), because of their strong conservation with all the known CNC and NF-E2 p45 subunit-related factors Nrf1 and Nrf2. Further experimental evidence has also been provided, revealing that Nach1 and Nach2 from the marine bacteria exert distinctive functions, when compared with human Nrf1 and Nrf2, in the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response element (ARE)-battery genes. Collectively, further insights into these Nach/CNC-bZIP subfamily transcription factors provide a novel better understanding of distinct biological functions of these factors expressed in distinct species from the marine bacteria to humans.
Mapping the Contact Sites of the Escherichia coli Division-Initiating Proteins FtsZ and ZapA by BAMG Cross-Linking and Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Roseboom Winfried , Nazir Madhvi G. , Meiresonne Nils Y. , Mohammadi Tamimount , Verheul Jolanda , Buncherd Hansuk , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , De Koning Leo J. , De Koster Chris G. , De Jong Luitzen , Den Blaauwen Tanneke
Published: September 2018

Cell division in bacteria is initiated by the polymerization of FtsZ at midcell in a ring-like structure called the Z-ring. ZapA and other proteins assist Z-ring formation and ZapA binds ZapB, which senses the presence of the nucleoids. The FtsZ–ZapA binding interface was analyzed by chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) under in vitro FtsZ-polymerizing conditions in the presence of GTP. Amino acids residue K42 from ZapA was cross-linked to amino acid residues K51 and K66 from FtsZ, close to the interphase between FtsZ molecules in protofilaments. Five different cross-links confirmed the tetrameric structure of ZapA. A number of FtsZ cross-links suggests that its C-terminal domain of 55 residues, thought to be largely disordered, has a limited freedom to move in space. Site-directed mutagenesis of ZapA reveals an interaction site in the globular head of the protein close to K42. Using the information on the cross-links and the mutants that lost the ability to interact with FtsZ, a model of the FtsZ protofilament–ZapA tetramer complex was obtained by information-driven docking with the HADDOCK2.2 webserver.
Behavior of Geogrid-Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete under Static Flexural Loading
Authors: Tang Xiaochao , Higgins Isaac , N. Jlilati Mohamad
Published: September 2018

Geogrids have been investigated by a limited number of studies as a potential alternative to steel reinforcement for Portland cement concrete (PCC), especially in situations where using steel reinforcement may not be suitable due to constructability and durability limitations. This study aims to investigate the flexural behavior of simply-supported concrete beams reinforced by geogrids, which would aid in assessing the potential use of geogrids for concrete structures such as overlays and other thin sections. Another objective of this study is to examine the potential benefits of embedding geogrids in PCC, and to investigate the mechanism and effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement in PCC. Plain and geogrid-reinforced concrete beams were fabricated and tested under a static four-point flexural bending load. The midspan deflection and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) of the beams were recorded during loading. Additionally, for geogrid-reinforced beams, strain gages were attached on the geogrids to monitor the strains that developed in geogrids. Results reveal that the geogrid primarily contributes to improving the ductility of the post-peak behavior of plain concrete and to delaying the collapse failure of concrete beams. Strain measurements of the geogrids indicate that the geogrids were activated and mobilized instantly upon the application of the flexural load. Both the strain measurements and observations of the geogrids post failure suggest that there was no slippage between the geogrids and the concrete.
A Hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian Particle Model for Ecosystem Simulation
Authors: Xue Pengfei , Schwab David J , Zhou Xing , Huang Chenfu , Kibler Ryan , Ye Xinyu
Published: September 2018

Current numerical methods for simulating biophysical processes in aquatic environments are typically constructed in a grid-based Eulerian framework or as an individual-based model in a particle-based Lagrangian framework. Often, the biogeochemical processes and physical (hydrodynamic) processes occur at different time and space scales, and changes in biological processes do not affect the hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, it is possible to develop an alternative strategy to grid-based approaches for linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical models that can significantly improve computational efficiency for this type of linked biophysical model. In this work, we utilize a new technique that links hydrodynamic effects and biological processes through a property-carrying particle model (PCPM) in a Lagrangian/Eulerian framework. The model is tested in idealized cases and its utility is demonstrated in a practical application to Sandusky Bay. Results show the integration of Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches allows for a natural coupling of mass transport (represented by particle movements and random walk) and biological processes in water columns which is described by a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) biological model. This method is far more efficient than traditional tracer-based Eulerian biophysical models for 3-D simulation, particularly for a large domain and/or ensemble simulations.
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Performance Implemented by the Textile Industry of Gazipur District, Dhaka
Authors: Ahmed Syed Shakil , Akter Tauhima , Ma Yuchao
Published: September 2018

Globally, pollution has spurred corporate players to use eco-friendly polishes and the textile industry is not an uncommon case. Textile commercial enterprises should adopt the same green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and this research paper seeks to identify the green supply chain management (GSCM) practices embraced by a textile industry in Gazipur District, Dhaka. Essential information was sourced from 200 respondents to support the review. Information was dissected with the assistance of weighted arithmetic mean and chi-square tests and it has been concluded that a huge number of green supply chain management practices are being embraced by the textile industries of Gazipur district.
Proliferation of Osteoblasts on Laser-Modified Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Babuska Vaclav , Palan Jan , Kolaja Dobra Jana , Kulda Vlastimil , Duchek Michal , Cerny Jan , Hrusak Daniel
Published: September 2018

Nanostructured titanium has become a useful material for biomedical applications such as dental implants. Certain surface properties (grain size, roughness, wettability) are highly expected to promote cell adhesion and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities of several titanium materials using human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Eight different types of specimens were examined: machined commercially pure grade 2 (cpTi2) and 4 (cpTi4) titanium, nanostructured titanium of the same grades (nTi2, nTi4), and corresponding specimens with laser-treated surfaces (cpTi2L, cpTi4L, nTi2L, nTi4L). Their surface topography was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness was measured using a mechanical contact profilometer. Specimens with laser-treated surfaces had significantly higher surface roughness. Wettability was measured by the drop contact angle method. Nanostructured samples had significantly higher wettability. Cell proliferation after 48 hours from plating was assessed by viability and proliferation assay. The highest proliferation of osteoblasts was found in nTi4 specimens. The analysis of cell proliferation revealed a difference between machined and laser-treated specimens. The mean proliferation was lower on the laser-treated titanium materials. Although plain laser treatment increases surface roughness and wettability, it does not seem to lead to improved biocompatibility.
Numerical Solution of Stochastic Generalized Fractional Diffusion Equation by Finite Difference Method
Authors: Sepahvandzadeh Amaneh , Ghazanfari Bahman , Asadian Nader
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed at solving the stochastic generalized fractional diffusion equation (SGFDE) by means of the random finite difference method (FDM). Moreover, the conditions of mean square convergence of the numerical solution are studied and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the method.
HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS-Based Profiling of Flavan-3-ols and Dimeric Proanthocyanidins in Berries of Two Muscadine Grape Hybrids FLH 13-11 and FLH 17-66
Authors: Yuzuak Seyit , Ballington James , Xie De-Yu
Published: September 2018

FLH 13-11 FL and FLH 17-66 FL are two interspecific hybrid varieties of muscadine grape resulting from the cross of Vitis munsoniana (Simpson) ex Munson and V. rotundifolia. However, profiles of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins in these two hybrids have not been characterized. Herein, we report the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole, time-of-flight, tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) to characterize these two groups of metabolites in berries. Ripe berries collected from two consecutive cropping years were used to extract metabolites. Metabolites were ionized using the negative mode. Collision-induced dissociation was performed to fragmentize ions to obtain feature fragment profiles. Based on standards, MS features, and fragments resulted from MS/MS, four flavan-3-ol aglycones, 18 gallated or glycosylated conjugates, and eight dimeric procyanidins, were annotated from berry extracts. Of these 30 metabolites, six are new methylated flavan-3-ol gallates. Furthermore, comparative profiling analysis showed obvious effects of each cultivar on the composition these 30 metabolites, indicating that genotypes control biosynthesis. In addition, cropping seasons altered profiles of these metabolites, showing effects of growing years on metabolic composition. These data are informative to enhance the application of the two cultivars in grape and wine industries in the future.
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase with a Unique Architecture Enhances the Availability of Lysine Derivatives in Synthetic Genetic Codes
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi , Iraha Fumie , Ohtake Kazumasa , Sakamoto Kensaku
Published: September 2018

Genetic code expansion has largely relied on two types of the tRNA—aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs. One involves pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS), which is used to incorporate various lysine derivatives into proteins. The widely used PylRS from Methanosarcinaceae comprises two distinct domains while the bacterial molecules consist of two separate polypeptides. The recently identified PylRS from Candidatus Methanomethylophilus alvus (CMaPylRS) is a single-domain, one-polypeptide enzyme that belongs to a third category. In the present study, we showed that the PylRS—tRNAPyl pair from C. M. alvus can incorporate lysine derivatives much more efficiently (up to 14-times) than Methanosarcinaceae PylRSs in Escherichia coli cell-based and cell-free systems. Then we investigated the tRNA and amino-acid recognition by CMaPylRS. The cognate tRNAPyl has two structural idiosyncrasies: no connecting nucleotide between the acceptor and D stems and an additional nucleotide in the anticodon stem and it was found that these features are hardly recognized by CMaPylRS. Lastly, the Tyr126Ala and Met129Leu substitutions at the amino-acid binding pocket were shown to allow CMaPylRS to recognize various derivatives of the bulky Nε-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine (ZLys). With the high incorporation efficiency and the amenability to engineering, CMaPylRS would enhance the availability of lysine derivatives in expanded codes.