bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between the Waves: Building Power for a Public Option
Authors: Hacker Jacob S.
Published: January 2021

Given the close division of power in Washington, DC, how might health reformers pursue their bolder aims? In particular, how might they pursue the robust public option that was a centerpiece of Joe Biden's health plan during the campaign? This new iteration of the public option—far more ambitious than anything seriously considered during the debate over the ACA—is not in the cards right now. But instead of giving up on it, advocates should recast it in an inspiring vision that can structure immediate initiatives designed to make its achievement more feasible. This strategy, which might be called “building power through policy,” would involve using the openings for policy change that are likely to exist in the near term to reshape the political landscape for the long term. Three interim steps in particular could advance the public option's prospects: (1) pursuing immediate improvements in the ACA that are tangible and traceable yet do not work against the eventual creation of a public option, (2) building the necessary foundations for a public option within Medicare while encouraging progressive states to experiment with state public plan models, and (3) seeding and strengthening movements to press for more fundamental reform.
Policy Responses to the Addiction Crisis
Authors: Frank Richard G. , Humphreys Keith N. , Pollack Harold A.
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is just one of two public health crises the new Biden administration will confront. The addiction crisis is the other. The opioid epidemic has already killed more Americans than World Wars I and II combined. And it is but the most visible sign of a broader population health challenge that includes methamphetamine, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and alcohol. This article presents practical legislative and executive actions that are required for addressing these challenges. The authors focus on two broad policy challenges: (1) improving financing and delivery of treatment for substance use disorders, and (2) reducing population exposure to addictive and lethal substances. Through both of these channels, a portfolio of well-implemented, evidence-informed policies can save many thousands of lives every year.
Optimization of a bacterial three-hybrid assay through in vivo titration of an RNA–DNA adapter protein
Authors: Wang Clara D. , Mansky Rachel , LeBlanc Hannah , Gravel Chandra M. , Berry Katherine E.
Published: January 2021

Noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression in every domain of life. In bacteria, small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression in response to stress and are often assisted by RNA–chaperone proteins, such as Hfq. We have recently developed a bacterial three-hybrid (B3H) assay that detects the strong binding interactions of certain E. coli sRNAs with proteins Hfq and ProQ. Despite the promise of this system, the signal-to-noise has made it challenging to detect weaker interactions. In this work, we use Hfq–sRNA interactions as a model system to optimize the B3H assay, so that weaker RNA–protein interactions can be more reliably detected. We find that the concentration of the RNA–DNA adapter is an important parameter in determining the signal in the system and have modified the plasmid expressing this component to tune its concentration to optimal levels. In addition, we have systematically perturbed the binding affinity of Hfq–RNA interactions to define, for the first time, the relationship between B3H signal and in vitro binding energetics. The new pAdapter construct presented here substantially expands the range of detectable interactions in the B3H assay, broadening its utility. This improved assay will increase the likelihood of identifying novel protein–RNA interactions with the B3H system and will facilitate exploration of the binding mechanisms of these interactions.
Avaliação de desempenho nas práticas orçamentárias: o que a literatura nos ensina?
Authors: Silva Thiago Bruno de Jesus , Ensslin Sandra Rolim , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: January 2021

A Avaliação de Desempenho (AD) nas Práticas Orçamentárias tem sido, de forma tradicional, baseada apenas em controlar e avaliar o desempenho real e o orçado. Contudo, a AD passou a incluir indicadores coerentes com os objetivos estratégicos, atender a distintas partes interessadas no âmbito interno e no externo e a discutir diferentes propósitos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo analisar as características das investigações internacionais em relação a um fragmento de literatura sobre a utilização da Avaliação de Desempenho nas Práticas Orçamentárias, ao ter como intenção a geração de conhecimento e identificação de lacunas para apontar possibilidades de futuras investigações. Empregou o Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C) para fins de orientação. O portfólio bibliográfico foi composto de 23 artigos. Como resultados, constatou-se, nas informações qualitativas no portfólio bibliográfico, a necessidade de (i) utilizar outros paradigmas nas investigações; (ii) abordar a execução do orçamento para se obter a Avaliação de Desempenho; (iii) projetar a Avaliação de Desempenho nas Práticas Orçamentárias para atender às necessidades de amplo público; e (iv) buscar abranger mais propósitos de Avaliação de Desempenho nas Práticas Orçamentárias.
Percepção do consumismo dos portugueses na época de Natal
Authors: Santos Eulália , Tavares Fernando Oliveira
Published: January 2021

A presente investigação tem como objetivo analisar o consumo estimado pelos portugueses na época de Natal. O Natal transporta em si uma contradição, por ser considerado um feriado religioso mas também uma das ocasiões mais consumistas e lucrativas para o mundo cristão. Utilizou-se uma metodologia quantitativa baseada num questionário, onde os inquiridos, para além de responderem a um conjunto de questões de índole sociodemográfica, indicaram com quem passariam a festividade. Indicaram também o valor a gastar em presentes para oferecer e em bens de consumo na época de Natal. A amostra é constituída por 1.077 indivíduos portugueses, maiores de 18 anos. Os resultados demonstram que esses indivíduos estimam gastar mais em presentes para oferecer do que em bens de consumo. Verifica-se também que o consumo estimado para essa época do ano aumenta com a idade, com o número de elementos do agregado familiar, com o nível de escolaridade e com o rendimento mensal do agregado familiar. Os indivíduos que estimam gastar mais na época de Natal são: homens; os que têm religião; os que possuem familiar direto com menos de 16 anos; e os que são casados ou vivem em união de fato. O estudo ajuda a perceber as motivações do consumo na época natalina e a sua importância no desenvolvimento econômico. Espera-se que este estudo venha a contribuir para desvendar o espírito de Natal e expor o simbolismo presente nas variadas manifestações sociais e culturais da sociedade.
An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: current state, open challenges, and call for action
Authors: Anzt Hartwig , Bach Felix , Druskat Stephan , Löffler Frank , Loewe Axel , Renard Bernhard Y. , Seemann Gunnar , Struck Alexander , Achhammer Elke , Aggarwal Piush , Appel Franziska , Bader Michael , Brusch Lutz , Busse Christian , Chourdakis Gerasimos , Dabrowski Piotr Wojciech , Ebert Peter , Flemisch Bernd , Friedl Sven , Fritzsch Bernadette , Funk Maximilian D. , Gast Volker , Goth Florian , Grad Jean-Noël , Hegewald Jan , Hermann Sibylle , Hohmann Florian , Janosch Stephan , Kutra Dominik , Linxweiler Jan , Muth Thilo , Peters-Kottig Wolfgang , Rack Fabian , Raters Fabian H.C. , Rave Stephan , Reina Guido , Reißig Malte , Ropinski Timo , Schaarschmidt Joerg , Seibold Heidi , Thiele Jan P. , Uekermann Benjamin , Unger Stefan , Weeber Rudolf
Published: January 2021

Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability.

Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin.
Sequencing the pandemic: rapid and high-throughput processing and analysis of COVID-19 clinical samples for 21st century public health
Authors: Folkerts Megan L. , Lemmer Darrin , Pfeiffer Ashlyn , Vasquez Danielle , French Chris , Jones Amber , Nguyen Marjorie , Larsen Brendan , Porter W. Tanner , Sheridan Krystal , Bowers Jolene R. , Engelthaler David M.
Published: January 2021

Genomic epidemiology has proven successful for real-time and retrospective monitoring of small and large-scale outbreaks. Here, we report two genomic sequencing and analysis strategies for rapid-turnaround or high-throughput processing of metagenomic samples. The rapid-turnaround method was designed to provide a quick phylogenetic snapshot of samples at the heart of active outbreaks, and has a total turnaround time of <48 hours from raw sample to analyzed data. The high-throughput method was designed for semi-retrospective data analysis, and is both cost effective and highly scalable. Though these methods were developed and utilized for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response in Arizona, U.S, and we envision their use for infectious disease epidemiology in the 21st Century.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsu , Klychova Augul , Sattarova Guliya , Gimadiev Il'dus
Published: January 2021

One of the key tools for managing the financial performance of enterprises is internal control aimed at ensuring the safety and efficient use of material, labor and financial resources. In order to avoid errors in reflecting the final results of activities in the enterprise, an effective system for its implementation must be formed, designed to check the correctness of the reflection of operations and the timeliness of drawing up reliable financial statements. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the methodological support of internal control of financial results. In the course of the study, the procedures carried out during the internal control of financial results were ranked depending on the stages of control. Working papers are proposed that contribute to improving the effectiveness of audit planning, the timely collection of evidence and the full implementation of control activities. The developed form of the program of internal control of financial results determines the directions and intensity of control measures. Working papers “Checking the execution of primary documents” and “Checking the timeliness of receipt of payments under contracts” ensure the timely collection of evidence and the full implementation of control procedures. Based on the first of them, the controllers check the completeness and correctness of the documents, filling in all the necessary details; the legality of transactions and the logical linkage of individual indicators. Using the working document “Checking the timeliness of receipt of payments under contracts” for each counterparty, you can timely identify the formation of receivables, prevent the emergence of doubtful and overdue receivables. The application of the developed working documents in practice will contribute to the achievement of goals and the solution of urgent tasks of internal control for the effective management of the financial results of the production activity of the enterprise
REGIONAL SUPPORT EXPERIENCE FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Lipatova L. , Abelova Lyudmila , Kataykina Natal'ya
Published: January 2021

The pandemic, which began in 2020, has seriously exacerbated the problem of food security in many countries. The purpose of the research is to identify the main factors of the stability of the agro-industrial complex using the example of one of the Russian regions and to consider the possibility of applying the accumulated experience in other subjects of the Federation. The object of the study is the Republic of Mordovia, a relatively small Volga region, located in the zone of risky farming and consistently demonstrating high rates of agricultural production. The region produces 1.2% of the total volume of agricultural products while its area is 0.2% and a population is 0.54% of the values of these indicators in the country. The study used data from Rosstat, proceedings from authoritative international organizations. One of the main factors for the stability of the regional agri-food complex is the high proportion of agricultural organizations, which is significantly higher than the national average. However, the cultivation of potatoes and vegetables is mainly concentrated in personal subsidiary plots, therefore, along with the implementation of an agricultural policy aimed at the development of large-scale agro-industrial production, it is necessary to organize the purchase of products from the population. This will help raise the living standards of villagers and stabilize the demographic situation. Another factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in Mordovia is the correct choice of intra-industry specialization. The leading industry is animal husbandry, the success of which is largely ensured by the dynamic development of poultry farming: the region accounts for 3.6% of the poultry population in agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation, Mordovia ranks 10th in the country in the production of eggs in agricultural organizations. The current demographic situation poses a potential threat to the development of the agricultural sector. If in Russia 1990-2018 the number of rural residents decreased by 4%, while in the Republic of Mordovia - by more than 30%. Therefore, the priority task of the social and economic policy of Mordovia should be the preservation of the rural population and the creation of conditions for attracting and fixing migrants in the region
EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF HORN-HOOFED CRUMB AND TREPEL UNDER ROW CROPS AND IN AFTEREFFECT ON BARLEY
Authors: Eliseev Ivan , Eliseeva Lyudmila , Shashkarov Leonid
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of using horny hoofed crumbs from the waste of the meat processing industry as an organic fertilizer, in comparison with mineral nitrogen fertilizers and zeolite-containing trepel in the Chuvash Republic. The direct effect was determined on potatoes and fodder beets, the aftereffect was determined on spring barley. The soil of the experimental plot is light gray forest with a low (2.5 ... 2.6 %) humus content. The application of horn-hoof crumbs to potatoes and fodder beets at a rate of 430 kg/ha, equivalent to N60, together with phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers (P60K60), in terms of influence on crop yields, was not inferior to the effect of a complete mineral fertilizer at a rate of N60P60K60. In the variants with the introduction of horn-hoofed crumbs and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, both independently and with the addition of zeolite-containing trepel at a rate of 2 t/ha, compared with the use of complete mineral fertilization, on average for 2012–2016. an increase in the biological activity of the soil was noted by 7.1 ... 11.0 %; in potato plantings, the leaf surface area increased by 7.0 ... 15.1 thousand m2/ha, the dry matter content in tubers - by 1.4 ... 2.5 %, their marketability - by 0.4 ... 0.7 %, the nitrate content decreased by 1.14 ... 1.45 %. In the crops of fodder beets, the leaf surface area of plants increased by 3.3 ... 5.0 thousand m2/ha, the dry matter content - by 0.8 ... 2.8 %, the concentration of nitrates - decreased by 43.9 ... 40.3 %. The coefficient of energy efficiency of the combined use of horn-hoofed crumb and trepel for row crops was at the level of 1.0. The aftereffect from their introduction was noted the next year when growing barley, the coefficient of bioenergy efficiency was 2.0 ... 2.2
ROOT FORMATION STIMULATORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ROOTING OF GREEN AND WOODEN CUTTINGS OF PEAR CLONE
Authors: Zhuravleva Anna
Published: January 2021

In the garden of Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region in 2018-2020 research has been carried out with the aim of studying the features of the influence of various stimulants of root formation during the propagation of clonal pear rootstocks by green and lignified cuttings. The soil is meadow-chernozemic medium loamy with a pronounced sandy fraction, the reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral. The object of research is clonal pear stocks PG 2, PG 12, PG 17-16. Rooting of green and lignified cuttings was carried out in a greenhouse with a film coating with an artificial fogging installation. The substrate is a mixture of sand and peat (1 to 1). Planting scheme of cuttings 5×5 cm, in four replicates (50 pcs.), Placement is randomized. Kornevin (powdering of sections), and Ribav-extra, control – water (duration of exposure - 16 h) were used as stimulants of root formation during green cuttings. When propagating by lignified cuttings, cornevin (0,1%) and ribav-extra (0,01%) were used; water was used as control (exposure duration - 16 h). Clonal pear rootstocks tolerated the winter conditions of the study years relatively favorably. The exception was winter 2019-2020, the total degree of freezing was 1 point in the PG 2 and PG 17-16 rootstocks, and 5 points in the PG 12 rootstock (90% plant loss). The beginning of the growing season in 2018 was marked on May 22-23, in 2019 - May 5-6, in 2020 - April 18-19. In 2018-2019, green cuttings were carried out on June 20, in 2020 - on June 10. Earlier terms of cuttings in 2020 are explained by the rapid regrowth and lignification of the shoots (hot weather and lack of precipitation in the first months of the growing season). In the control, massive root formation was noted after 6 weeks. The treatment of cuttings with growth stimulants promoted the acceleration of root formation, which was observed after 4 ... 5 weeks. On average, over the years of research, rooting rate when using Kornevin, in comparison with control, increased by 13 ... 18%, Ribav -extra - by 10 ... 13%. The rootstock PG 12 is characterized by a higher rooting Kornevin of green cuttings (51.5 ... 56.5%) than that of PG 2 (47.7 ... 49%) and PG 17-16 (41.7 ... 44.3%). Rooting rate when using Kornevin was 50%, Ribav - extra 47%. PG 12 is the only rootstock under study in which rooting of lignified cuttings is observed: in the control 24%, when using preparations 44.5 ... 52%
INFLUENCE OF FERTIGATION ON SOIL SALINATION
Authors: Ziganshin Bulat , Galiev Ilgiz , Khusainov Rail , Muhametshin Al'bert , Abdel'fattah Ahmed H.
Published: January 2021

The salt state has a noticeable effect on the physical and water properties of the soil. That is why the distribution of its water-physical properties along the profile and in space in territories with different soil-climatic, hydrological and hydrochemical conditions should be individual. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that water is directly involved in the processes of transfer and distribution of salts. On the other hand, the main parameters of the processes of moisture and salt transfer directly depend on the physical properties of the soil, which change under the influence of soluble salts. We have assessed the effect of fertigation on the physicochemical properties of the soil. Four fertigations with different salinity levels were tested. The influence of precipitation on soil desalinization through salt leaching was controlled by comparing changes in soil electrical conductivity during and after the growing season. To measure the studied characteristics, sensors of the 5TE type were used, which independently determine three indicators - the volumetric water content (VWC) by measuring the dielectric constant of the medium based on capacitive / frequency technology, temperature and EC. The stability of soil aggregates was also measured as an indicator of soil degradation. The electrical conductivity of the soil during pre-sowing (or after sowing) treatment was higher than at the end of the growing season. Experimental studies were carried out in the western part of the city of Prague on the campus of the Czech University of Life Sciences with geographic coordinates 50 ° 8'N and 14 ° 23'E. The altitude is 286 m, the average annual air temperature is 9.1 ° C, the amount of precipitation is 495 mm. The soil is loamy chernozem with a content of 22.0 ... 32.5% sand, 39.5 ... 54.0% silt and 22.0 ... 28.0% clay. The limiting field moisture capacity of the soil and the moisture content of stable wilting are 34 and 21%, respectively. It was found that fertigation in the short term is not harmful to the soil in the presence of sufficient precipitation
MACHINE FOR SEEDER CROPS
Authors: Kalimullin Marat , Abdrakhmanov Rinat , Ziatdinov Radik , Salimzyanov Marat , Mukhametshin Ilshat
Published: January 2021

Recently many agricultural producers have begun to take care of environmental aspects and are gradually switching to the use of organic farming elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops, which include green fertilizers - siderates. Many experts recommend cutting the green mass of green manure crops with a mower and embedding it in the surface layer of the soil as mulch. However, not all termination methods are equally effective. In particular, when passing through a field with a rotary harrow’s green manure, the circular knives have to simultaneously perform two functions: chop and embed the vegetative mass of plants, which negatively affects the depth of processing. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop a combined unit for mowing, crushing and embedding green mass of green manure crops into the soil. To achieve this, it is proposed to attach a plant chopper to the front of the tractor, which will mow and chop the plants, and two discator batteries installed on the rear hitch of the tractor will close the chopped organic mass. To determine the efficiency of using the proposed combined unit in different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on different soils, comparative field tests were carried out, which consisted in determining the completeness of incorporation of green mass. The value of this indicator without using the mower on the front hitch was 65%, and with mowing and chopping - 95%, this is 1.5 times more than in the version with the compared unit, which should favorably affect the decomposition of the embedded organic matter
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF RAPEED OIL FOR USE IN A DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Ovchinnikov Evgeniy , Uyutov Sergey
Published: January 2021

This article presents experimental studies on changing such chemical properties of vegetable (rapeseed) oil, such as viscosity, for its use as a fuel in diesel engines. With the help of hydrothermal technology, samples of vegetable oil were obtained and laboratory studies were carried out on a viscometer, which showed a decrease in viscosity up to 16%. Oil samples were obtained at different pressures up to 90 atm. and temperatures up to 130 C. All samples were passed through a liquid activator installed at the outlet of the reactor, which, due to spargers located in the path of the flow, provided the appearance of a gaseous and liquid mixture with an increased ability to mix and conduct chemical reactions. The reactor was a metal flask with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a volume of 6 liters, with installed temperature and pressure sensors, and a heating element for heating oil. The pressure was provided by a gear pump driven by a 3 kW electric motor. For the safety of testing, an automatic pressure and temperature regulator in the reactor, installed in the control panel, was developed. In order to compare with pure cold-pressed rapeseed oil, comparative tests were carried out on bench equipment of the laboratory, which showed the effectiveness of this technology and obtaining the characteristics of engine operation on rapeseed oil as close as possible to diesel fuel. During the research, quantitative indicators of the ingress of rapeseed oil into the engine crankcase were also determined. When using cold-pressed rapeseed oil, this figure after eight-hour tests at idle at different speeds was 3.21 liters. After the processing of rapeseed oil in the reactor and repeated tests, the oil in the engine crankcase was measured, where it was 1.92 liters, which was 60% of the previous experience
MODERN FORMS OF REGULATION OF TERRITORIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INTERACTIONS IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Gazetdinov Shamil , Gazetdinov Mirsharip , Semicheva Ol'ga , Gatina Farida
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted in order to study the existing forms of regulation of territorial and industrial relations and determine on this basis the directions of small and medium-sized businesses with large agricultural formations, municipal government bodies and other institutions located in a specific rural area. Taking into account the economic practice that has developed in recent years, the following main types of territorial-industrial relations are identified. The first type is associated with large-scale investment of financial and industrial groups in new production, with the introduction of new resource-saving technologies. The peculiarity of such territorial-industrial relations is the emergence and development with the significant participation of Federal and Republican state authorities. The second type is territorial-industrial and socio-economic cooperation of small and medium-sized businesses with large organizations of various industry specialization and different forms of ownership. And, finally, the third type of relationship is cooperation of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as integrated formations with municipal authorities in the formation of local budgets, as well as in solving socio-cultural and other General territorial problems. At the present stage of development of agriculture and rural territories, at least three directions of formation of contractual territorial-production structures have been identified: economic associations; consortia created by interested enterprises and organizations; associations for coordination and cooperation. The listed territorial and production structures of interaction of small and medium-sized businesses with large agricultural formations, municipal government bodies located in a specific rural area, lead to inter-organizational relations in rural areas, which become regular and stable, contribute to the solution of socio-economic problems
La Antropología Andaluza en el contexto de las Antropologías Mediterráneas.
Authors: Carvajal-Contreras Miguel-Ángel
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the history of Andalusian anthropology from the second half of the 19th century to the present. We also address the connections of this anthropological tradition with others in the Mediterranean area as well as with others in the Spanish sphere to achieve a greater appreciation of those traditions of thought outside of hegemonic scopes. From the time of folklore studies, we go on to the ethnological stage and to the consolidation of anthropological studies. In so doing, we observe the different stages and topics of investigation, from popular culture to community studies, identity and the relationship between global and local scopes in the present world.
Colonialismo Cultural: Arte y Escritura en Al Ándalus a partir de 1492.
Authors: Pérez-Castro Marta
Published: January 2021

Relationships among visual signs, society and memory reveal the dominant cultural order in a given context as well as the causes that maintain it (influence and imposition) and the effects on the population where it occurs (alienation and cultural resilience). Therefore, it is possible to identify deeper social processes with a purely visual and symbolic reading. Visual signs (two-dimensional), in addition to configuring the way space is understood (three-dimensional), reflect social and political dynamics (the time factor). To have a more complete vision of the moment and context, it is necessary to interrelate art with sociology and history. In the specific case of al-Andalus, there is a turning point at which there are changes in visuality that are mainly reflected in writing (Arabic and Latin), the use of symbols (the Mudejar, the cross) and the organization of the spaces designated for art (temples, museums, exhibition halls); hence, these changes function as visual indexes of social dynamics that reach to the present day. The visual supports the social and vice versa, configuring and maintaining a certain worldview. If there is visual continuity, there is continuity in the social sphere.
Historias Globales desde el Sur: la Colonialidad más allá de 1492.
Authors: Losacco José-Romero
Published: January 2021

The analysis of world-systems has been of great influence for the deployment of the so-called decolonial turn. The first works done by Mignolo, Quijano, Dussel and Grosfoguel embraced the contributions of the analysis of world systems to geopolitically locate the colonial matrix of power. However, despite deep anti-Eurocentric criticism of decolonial positioning, it has been difficult to overcome the limits of Eurocentrism that persists in the approaches of Wallerstein. In that sens, the present work seeks to disclose some of the Eurocentric limitations in the work of Wallerstein, and to show how these establish the enunciation of decolonial positioning. To this end, we will explore some of the key concepts for the analysis of world-systems, and how they imply an interpretation of the history of capitalism that remains within the limits established by Eurocentric diffusionism. Finally, questions that remain open when breaking down mapping centered on the western north of the Mediterranean Sea will be presented in an attempt to advance preliminary responses when exploring the framing of global history from the south.
Partie polityczne i system partyjny Ukrainy: problemy kształtowania się w warunkach tworzenia państwa oraz transformacji społecznej
Authors: Szweda Jurij
Published: January 2021

Political parties and party system of Ukraine: problems of formation in the conditions of state building and social transition

Political parties are known to play a profound role in the formation and functioning of the political system of a state. In the countries that are experiencing social transformations their place and role are a bit different from those they hold in the countries with a developed democracy. Since independence proclamation (1991) Ukraine has been in a state of public transition: from the Soviet totalitarianism with a communist single-party to a liberal pluralism. However, this way is rather complicated and ambiguous. The process of social transformation in Ukraine is complicated by the fact that it takes place simultaneously with the process of state building and setting the stages of sovereign statehood. The aim of this study is to analyze the peculiarities of political parties and party system establishment in Ukraine under the conditions of social transformation and state building.
Ukraina w europejskim kontekście pluralizmu religijnego i tolerancji
Authors: Jurasz Andrij
Published: January 2021

Ukraine in the European Context of Religious Plurality and Tolerance

Modern Ukrainian polyconfessionalism is viewed through the prism of the historical preconditions (in particular defining the confessional status of the Ukrainian society and clarifying the mechanisms of the main confessional transformations) of formation of this phenomena at the purely Ukrainian ethnical ground as well as in the general polyethnical Ukrainian social context. Role of the modern polyconfessionality in Ukraine in the implementation of the Euro‑integrational processes and prospects of its development for the future are also discussed.
Korupcja w systemie wzajemnych relacji między społeczeństwem i państwem na obszarze postsowieckim i na Ukrainie
Authors: Zotkin Andrij
Published: January 2021

The corruption in the relations between society and state in the post-soviet countries and in Ukraine

The paper described an attempt theoretical and empirical explanation of display of corruption in societies in post‑Soviet republics. Attention is drawn to the need to understand this social phenomenon while taking into account the influence of several factors. Among these are marked anomie or normative “vacuum” in condition of deinstitutionalization of Soviet system in societies of Independent States, a decrease of the regulatory functions of the government, reducing the welfare of the citizens, the interests of elites.
Interesy geostrategiczne i geopolityka współczesnej
Authors: Łozwyckyj Ołeksandr
Published: January 2021

Geostrategic interests and geopolitics of modern Ukraine in the Big Black Sea region

The paper theoretically grounds current trends and patterns of international relations. It examines the concept, content and factors of national interests in foreign policy of the modern state. The author makes use of empirical and historical experience of safeguarding national interest and its role in the implementation of foreign policy. This scientific problem is solved in an integrated analysis of recent research and publications on the characteristics of the vital mechanisms of development and conditions for their implementation, including the uncertainties and contradictions of globalization.
Lowering the Bar? External Conditions, Opportunity Costs, and High-Tech Start-Up Outcomes
Authors: Conti Annamaria , Roche Maria P.
Published: January 2021

We assess the heterogeneous impact of economic downturns on individuals’ decisions to bring high-technology ideas to the market in the form of new ventures. We thereby examine how worsening labor market conditions influence individuals’ opportunity costs of starting new ventures, the resulting composition of the entrepreneurial pool, and start-up performance outcomes. Using a rich data set of start-up founders in the biotechnology and medical device sectors, we find that an increase in the unemployment rate is associated with a substantial rise in the share of entrepreneurs who are most sensitive to worsening labor market conditions. Additionally, we find that start-ups founded by these entrepreneurs display lower financial and innovative performance than start-ups founded by entrepreneurs who are relatively insensitive to business cycles. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that individuals’ heterogeneous response to worsening labor market conditions is a relevant factor in explaining the negative relationship between unemployment and start-up performance outcomes.
CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS’ ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS AT BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Robiyah Siti , Koderi Koderi , Muin Juhri Abdul , Hijriyah Umi
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the continuous professional development which covers self-development, scientific publications, and innovative works on Islamic religious education teachers in Bandar Lampung city, Indonesia. This study employs the qualitative-descriptive approach with the teachers, principals, the chairperson of Islamic religious education Subject Teachers' Conference (MGMP), and the head of State Office of Education Bandar Lampung as the sources of data. The data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data triangulation through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study discovers that 1) to develop themselves, the teachers join MGMP activities, training, workshops, seminars, and others, 2) for scientific publications in the form of scientific papers, the teachers participate in the national level competitions and workbooks writing although, in a minimal amount, 3) for innovative work, the teachers prepare the learning standards, learning guidelines, semester exam questions, syllabus development, lesson plan development, teaching materials development, editing blueprints of Islamic religious education questions although without continuous innovation. It recommended to foster self-development, scientific publications, and work innovation, PAI teachers in junior high schools should take part in training, seminars, and workshops, both independently and held by the education offices by taking into account good management theories, namely activities designed based on needs analysis, coordination with all institutions. The implementation of activities should have precise and measured outputs. An evaluation is also needed to find out whether the self-development, scientific publications, and innovative works have achieved or not.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 ERA THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LEARNING RESOURCES WITH POE2WE MODEL ON PARABOLIC MOTION
Authors: Serevina Vina , Raida Raida
Published: January 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life, also education. Educators worldwide have had to adapt the situation by developing online learning models to keep education running. The present study aims at developing online learning resources using websites and the POE2WE model of parabolic motion material. The POE2WE model was represented as six stages of online learning that includes Prediction, Observation, Explanation, Elaboration, Write, and Evaluation. 30 students of 10th grade of a high school in Indonesia participated in this study. The ADDIE model (analyzing, designing, developing, implementing and evaluating) used in this study representing its R&D methodology with the evaluating stage carried out in every other stage. The online learning model validated with three different experts, namely media, material, and learning expert resulting in 89.40%, 89.31%, and 86.71%. The results indicated that the model was valid and reliable. Pre-test and post-test conducted to investigate the effects of the learning model, which resulted in 40.03% and 82.73% respectively, with the N-gain mean result in high category (0.71). It can conclude that the online learning model developed in this study was effective in increasing students understanding of parabolic motion.
Coastal shallow waters explorer imaging spectrometer for aerial remote sensing of shallow waters in UV-VIS-NIR broadband
Authors: Wang Tao , Yu Lei , Lin Jing
Published: January 2021

Advancements in technology have widened the limits of hyperspectral imaging of remote sensing in mapping shallow water benthic habitats and bathymetry. This paper provides a novel airborne imaging spectrometer for the field. The device, composed of an off-axis two-mirror telescope and an advanced Dyson spectrometer working in the ultraviolet-visible near-infrared region, has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. It maintained high optical performance, with a pixel spatial resolution better than 0.5 mrad, spectral resolution of 3.5 nm, field of view of 28°, and a high numerical aperture for high SNR in 330–900 nm. The imaging spectrometer will help to obtain a combination of the spectral and textural characteristics of bottom features in shallow waters. These features could result in the ability to map habitats over large coastal systems.
Nanopatterning of monolayer graphene by quantum optical lithography
Authors: Pavel Eugen , Marinescu Virgil , Lungulescu Marius
Published: January 2021

Quantum optical lithography, a diffraction-unlimited method, was
applied to pattern monolayer graphene at 10 nm resolution. In our
tests with chemical vapor deposition monolayer graphene samples, we
have succeeded in producing flat surfaces of a sandwich of monolayer
graphene-resist on Si,

S
i

3

N

4

, or glass substrates. Complex
patterns have been written on monolayer graphene samples by a
nanoablation process. The method could be used to realize monolayer
graphene nanodevices.
Physical constraints on early blastomere packings
Authors: Giammona James , Campàs Otger
Published: January 2021

At very early embryonic stages, when embryos are composed of just a few cells, establishing the correct packing arrangements (contacts) between cells is essential for the proper development of the organism. As early as the 4-cell stage, the observed cellular packings in different species are distinct and, in many cases, differ from the equilibrium packings expected for simple adherent and deformable particles. It is unclear what are the specific roles that different physical parameters, such as the forces between blastomeres, their division times, orientation of cell division and embryonic confinement, play in the control of these packing configurations. Here we simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of cells in early embryos and systematically study how these different parameters affect embryonic packings at the 4-cell stage. In the absence of embryo confinement, we find that cellular packings are not robust, with multiple packing configurations simultaneously possible and very sensitive to parameter changes. Our results indicate that the geometry of the embryo confinement determines the packing configurations at the 4-cell stage, removing degeneracy in the possible packing configurations and overriding division rules in most cases. Overall, these results indicate that physical confinement of the embryo is essential to robustly specify proper cellular arrangements at very early developmental stages.
PEtab—Interoperable specification of parameter estimation problems in systems biology
Authors: Schmiester Leonard , Schälte Yannik , Bergmann Frank T. , Camba Tacio , Dudkin Erika , Egert Janine , Fröhlich Fabian , Fuhrmann Lara , Hauber Adrian L. , Kemmer Svenja , Lakrisenko Polina , Loos Carolin , Merkt Simon , Müller Wolfgang , Pathirana Dilan , Raimúndez Elba , Refisch Lukas , Rosenblatt Marcus , Stapor Paul L. , Städter Philipp , Wang Dantong , Wieland Franz-Georg , Banga Julio R. , Timmer Jens , Villaverde Alejandro F. , Sahle Sven , Kreutz Clemens , Hasenauer Jan , Weindl Daniel
Published: January 2021

Reproducibility and reusability of the results of data-based modeling studies are essential. Yet, there has been—so far—no broadly supported format for the specification of parameter estimation problems in systems biology. Here, we introduce PEtab, a format which facilitates the specification of parameter estimation problems using Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) models and a set of tab-separated value files describing the observation model and experimental data as well as parameters to be estimated. We already implemented PEtab support into eight well-established model simulation and parameter estimation toolboxes with hundreds of users in total. We provide a Python library for validation and modification of a PEtab problem and currently 20 example parameter estimation problems based on recent studies.
Risk factors for antimony treatment failure in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northwestern-Argentina
Authors: García-Bustos María F. , González-Prieto Gabriela , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto E. , Parodi Cecilia , Beckar Josefina , Monroig Sibila , Ramos Federico , Mora María C. , Delgado-Noguera Lourdes A. , Hashiguchi Yoshihisa , Jaime Daniela , Moreno Sonia , Ruiz-Morales Luisa , Lemir César G. , Barrio Alejandra
Published: January 2021

Background. To date, there is no specific literature available on the determinants for therapeutic failure (TF) with meglumine antimoniate (MA) in Northwestern-Argentina. This study aimed to identify epidemiological, clinical, and treatment-related factors that could be involved in TF. Methodology/Principal Findings. We performed a case-control study. Cases were represented by patients who showed TF after administration of the first course of MA treatment, whereas, controls were determined as patients who evolved towards healing after the first MA cycle received. Crude Odds Ratios and their corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and risk factors were then tested by multivariate analysis using logistic binary regression. Three hundred and eighty-four patients with a presumptive diagnosis of ACL were recruited, and 153 with a positive diagnosis were selected. We included in the study 71 patients, who underwent specific treatment with MA, presented complete data on response to treatment, and had a minimum post-treatment follow-up of 6 months in cutaneous leishmaniasis, and 12 months in mucosal leishmaniasis. Of these, 34 (47.9%) presented TF. In the initial analysis, TF was significantly associated with the geographical area of disease acquisition (p = 0.036), the presence of mucosal lesions (p = 0.042), the presence of concomitant skin and mucosal lesions (p = 0.002), and lesion age ≥ 6 months (p = 0.018). Risk factors influencing TF in the final multivariate model included the geographical area where the disease was acquired (adjusted Odd Ratio 8.062; 95% CI 1.914–33.959; p = 0.004), and lesion age ≥ 6 months (adjusted Odd Ratio 10.037; 95% CI 1.383–72.843; p = 0.023). Conclusions/Significance. The results of the present study suggest the existence of some risk factors linked to TF in Northwestern-Argentina, which deserve further investigation. Herein we recorded a high percentage of TF and we described clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with TF that could be taken into account improving the clinical management of patients.