bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Support Interventions for Improved Adherence and Retention in ART care for Young People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Okonji Emeka Francis , Mukumbang Ferdinand C. , Orth Zaida , Vickerman-Delport Shelley A. , Wyk Brian Van
Published: August 2020

Background: Mental health disorders such as high levels of anxiety, isolation, depression and suicide ideation reported among young people living with HIV (10-24; YPLWH) contribute significantly to poor medication adherence and retention in care. While there is evidence supporting the role of psychosocial support interventions in promoting adherence and retention in antiretroviral treatment (ART) among adults living with HIV, there is little evidence on the role of psychosocial support on medication adherence among YPLWH . This scoping review was designed to identify and classify the types and effects of psychosocial support interventions designed to improve adherence and retention in ART among adolescents and young people living with HIV globally. Method: We searched six electronic databases (i.e., Scopus, Pubmed and EBSCOHost (Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Psycarticles and Medline). Six relevant articles published between 2011 and 2019 met our inclusion criteria. We extracted information relevant to the nature and outcomes of the reported interventions using thematic content analysis informed by the Population, Intervention, comparison, outcome, and time (PICOT) framework. Results: Four distinctive treatment modalities that focused on improving ART adherence and retention in care were identified: individual counselling, support groups, family-centered services, and treatment supporters. Conclusion: There is a dearth of psychosocial support interventions to improve adherence and retention in ART amongst adolescents and young adults living with HIV. Future research and programming should seek to address psychosocial support interventions or approaches specifically designed to address the needs of adolescents and young adults living with HIV.PROSPERO: Registration CRD42018105057
Birth weight and renal markers in children aged 5 – 10 years in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaze Francois Folefack , Nguefack Seraphin , Asong Constantine Menkoh , Assob Jules Clement Nguedia , Nansseu Jobert Richie , Kowo Mathurin Pierre , Nzana Victorine , Kalla Ginette Claude Mireille , Halle Marie Patrice
Published: August 2020

Background A relationship exists between birth weight (BW) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in postnatal kidney. Willing to fill a gap of knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed the effect of BW on blood pressure (BP), proteinuria and GFR among Cameroonians children.Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study from January to April 2018 at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (YGOPH). We recruited low BW (LBW) [<2500g], normal BW (NBW) [2500-3999g] and high BW (HBW) [>4000g] children, aged 5-10 years, born and followed-up at YGOPH. We collected socio-demographic, clinical (weight, height, BP), laboratory (proteinuria, creatinine), maternal and birth data. The estimated GFR was calculated using the Schwartz equation.Results We included 80 children (61.2% boys) with 21 (26.2%) LBW, 45 (56.2%) NBW and 14 (15.5%) HBW; the median (interquartile range) age was 7.3 (6.3-8.1) years and 17 (21.2%) were overweight/obese. Two (2.5%) children, all with a NBW (4.4%), had an elevated BP whereas 2 (2.5%) other children, all with a LBW (9.5%), had hypertension (p=0.233). Seven (8.7%) children had proteinuria with 19%, 2.2% and 14.3% having LBW, NBW and HBW, respectively (p=0.051). Equivalent figures were 18 (22.5%), 14.3%, 24.2% and 28.6% for decreased GFR, respectively (p=0.818). There was a trend towards an inverse relationship between BW and BP, proteinuria and GFR (p>0.05). Conclusion Proteinuria is more pronounced in childhood with a history of LBW and HBW while LBW children are more prone to develop hypertension. Regular follow-up is needed to implement early nephroprotective measures among children with abnormal BW.
TNFAIP8 variants as potential epidemiological and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Zhang Zhiran , Jiang Liangliang , Zhang Lei , Qin Ling , Liu Tianbo , Yang Shanshan
Published: August 2020

Background: This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. The SNaPshot SNP assay was conducted to detect SNP genotype. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association.Results: Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions: TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.
A Fourth-Order Cumulants Orthonormal Propagator Rooting Method Based on Toeplitz Approximation
Authors: Shi Heping , Ma Ning , Guan Zhiwei , Zhang Lizhu , Jiang Shan
Published: August 2020

A novel Toeplitz fourth-order cumulantsAorthonormal propagator rooting method of direction-of-arrivalnestimation for uniform linear arrayois proposed in this paper. Specifically, the modified (i.e., reduced-dimension)vmatrix is achieved at first via removing the redundant information encompassed in the primaryematrix, then the lmatrix which possesses Toepltiz structure can be recovered by utilizing the Toepltiz approximation method. To reduce the computational complexity, an effective method based on the polynomial rooting technology is adopted. Finally, the DOAs of incident signals can be estimated by exploiting orthonormal propagator rooting method. The theoretical analysis coupled with simulation results show that the proposed resultant algorithm can reduce the computational complexity signify- cantly, as well as improve the estimation performance in both spatially-white noise environment and spatially-color noise environment.
Establishment of Multifactor Predictive Models for the Occurrence and Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Chen Mengjie , Wang He , Liang Yuejuan , Hu Mingmiao , Li Li
Published: August 2020

Background: To study the risk factors involved in the occurrence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to establish predictive models. Methods: Genemania was used to build a gene network. Then, the core gene-related pathways associated with the occurrence and progression of CIN were screened in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments were performed to verify the differential expression of the identified genes in different tissues. R language was used for predictive model establishment. Results: A total of 10 genes were investigated in this study. A total of 30 cases of cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC), 52 cases of CIN and 38 cases of normal cervix were enrolled. Compared to CIN cases, the age of patients in the SCC group was older, the number of parities was greater, and the percentage of patients diagnosed with CINII+ by TCT was higher. The expression of TGFBR2, CSKN1A1, PRKCI and CTBP2 was significantly higher in the SCC groups. Compared to patients with normal cervix tissue, the percentage of patients who were HPV positive and were diagnosed with CINII+ by TCT was significantly higher. FOXO1 expression was significantly higher in CIN tissue, but TGFBR2 and CTBP2 expression was significantly lower in CIN tissue. The significantly different genes and clinical factors were included in the models. Conclusions: Combination of clinical and significant genes to establish the random forest models can provide references to predict the occurrence and progression of CIN.
A robust eleven-genes prognostic model can predict overall survival in bladder cancer patients based on five cohorts
Authors: Lin Jiaxing , Yang Jieping , Xu Xiao , Wang Yutao , Yu Meng , Zhu Yuyan
Published: August 2020

Background: Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer globally, but existing biomarkers and prognostic models are limited. Method: In this study, we used four bladder cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to perform univariate Cox regression analysis to identify common prognostic genes. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to construct a prognostic Cox model. Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and univariate / multivariate Cox analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic model for the four cohorts. Finally, a co-expression network, CIBERSORT, and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to explore the mechanism related to the model.Results: A total of 11 genes were identified from the four cohorts to construct the prognostic model, including eight risk genes (SERPINE2, PRR11, DSEL, DNM1, COMP, ELOVL4, RTKN, and MAPK12) and three protective genes (FABP6, C16orf74, and TNK1). The 11-genes model could stratify the risk of patients in all five cohorts, and the prognosis was worse in the group with a high-risk score. The area under the curve values of the five cohorts in the first year are all greater than 0.65. Furthermore, this model's predictive ability is stronger than that of age, gender, grade, and T stage. Through the weighted co-expression network analysis, the gene module related to the model was found, and the key genes in this module were mainly enriched in the tumor microenvironment. B cell memory showed low infiltration in high-risk patients. Furthermore, in the case of low B cell memory infiltration and high-risk score, the prognosis of the patients was the worst.Conclusion: The proposed eleven-genes model is a promising biomarker for estimating overall survival in bladder cancer. This model can be used to stratify the risk of bladder cancer patients, which is beneficial to the realization of individualized treatment.
Extrafine combination beclomethasone dipropionate/ formoterol therapy in obstructive lung diseases
Authors: Trofimenko I. N. , Chernyak B. A.
Published: August 2020

Bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways. Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids are the cornerstone of pharmacological long-term treatment for asthma and COPD. The efficacy of any topical inhaled medication is dependent upon successful distribution of the drug to the site of disease. Targeting small airways inflammation in severe asthma and COPD are critically important as the combined surface area of small airways far exceeds the surface area that large central airways provide. Small airway dysfunction in BA is associated with increased asthma symptoms, worse asthma control and an increased number of exacerbations. Chronic inflammation in COPD causes structural alterations and narrowing of particularly the small airways. The extrafine combination of beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol (BDP/F) enables drug delivery to both the large and small airways, and allows the clinical benefits to be achieved with a lower corticosteroid dose. The use of extrafine BDP/F is more effective in achievement asthma control and reduce COPD exacerbations. If it is necessary to continue ICS as part of a double or triple COPD therapy extrafine fixed combination of BDP/F can be considered as the drug of choice and optimal replacement of the ICS molecule.
The importance of three-stage cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nikitina E. A. , Chicherina E. N. , Elsukova O. S. , Metelev I. S.
Published: August 2020

Introduction.Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have worse prognosis than those without diabetes. Risk of adverse outcome in this cohort remains high despite the introduction of new methods of invasive treatment of ACS. The use of all-inclusive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs allows improving prognosis in patients with ACS and T2DM.Aim.The aim of the study was to evaluate impact of two- or three-stage CR on long-term prognosis in patients with ACS and T2DM.Methods.The study included 251 ACS patients hospitalized in the department of cardiology, of which 120 patients with T2DM. Management of ACS was carried out in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2015, 2017). All patients underwent standard laboratory and instrumental examination. We analyzed prognostic parameters (myocardial revascularization, myocardial infarction and mortality) during 12 months of follow-up in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ACS who underwent two or a three-stage CR. Additionally, the achievement of the combined endpoint, which include at least one of the ACE, was analyzed.Results.Long-term prognosis in ACS patients who underwent three-stage CR in diabetic and non-diabetic groups did not differ significantly. However, the frequency of repeated myocardial revascularization was higher in patients with T2DM in comparison with non-diabetic patients inside the two-stage CR subgroup.Conclusion.Three-stage CR should be recommended in diabetic patients with ACS to improve long-term prognosis.
Clinical discussion: gout therapy in a comorbid patient
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Novikova A. M.
Published: August 2020

The data accumulated to date suggests that it is extremely rare for a gout patient to have only his or her main disease and no accompanying pathology. One of the frequent situations is a combination with another microcrystal arthritis, a disease of calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposition. In addition, diseases of the kidneys (including chronic renal failure), cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, as well as metabolic disorders directly associated with gout or indirectly related to taking medications necessary to control the disease, not only affect the quality and longevity of life of the patient, but also create difficulties for its curation. The prescription of drug therapy, both symptomatic and pathogenetic, in such cases involves an assessment of all the associated risks, and the choice of drugs, in addition to efficiency, should be based on their safety profile in relation to comorbid pathology. This article analyzes the main principles and approaches to the treatment of gout and the disease of calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposition in the presence of concomitant diseases (arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, obesity, dyslipidemia, etc.) on the example of a 50-year-old patient. The possibilities of combined symptomatic therapy including colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids are shown. The necessity and tactics of choice of preventive prophylactic therapy for arthritis attacks and use of phebuxostat in the presence of contraindications for prescription or ineffectiveness of allopurinol are also discussed.
New approach in screening and treatment of chronic endometritis in patients with repeated failures of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Sabirova V. L. , Ilizarova N. A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of preparation for assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs in patients with infertility combined with repeated failures of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs against the background of chronic endometritis. New information about the pathogenesis of chronic endometritis in patients with failures of IVF programs was obtained in the study. The new integrated approach to treatment includes aspiration of endometrial cavity to remove pathological endometrium, intrauterine administration of highly purified hyaluronic acid sodium salt with carboxymethyl cellulose in the form of a gel (Antiadgezin) to prevent fibrosis in combination with human placenta hydrolyzate (“Laennec”) and two-phase hormone therapy, which significantly (by 34.67%) increases the onset of pregnancy. Aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive algorithm that includes an effective solution for the examination and subsequent treatment of chronic forms of endometritis, including patients with failed IVF programs and assess its effectiveness. Materials and methods. A study was carried out on 110 patients with one or two unsuccessful in vitro fertilization programs, diagnosed with chronic endometritis, who underwent a comprehensive diagnostic study and “classical” treatment of chronic endometritis. The comprehensive treatment included endometrial cavity aspiration on day 26–27 of the menstrual cycle, intrauterine administration of highly purified hyaluronic acid sodium salt with gel carboxymethyl cellulose (Antiadgezin) in combination with intravenous application of human placenta hydrolyzate and subsequent two-phase hormone therapy. Used: Evaluation of the status of urogenital tract microbiota using PCR, pelvic ultrasound on days 5–7 and 19–21 of the menstrual cycle + doppler velocimetry of vessels (uterine, arcuate, radial arteries), determination of the hormonal background on the 2nd–3rd day of the menstrual cycle (FSH, LH, AMH, TSH, PRL, T4 free), hysteroscopy for the second phase of the menstrual cycle on the 19th–21st day, as well as a detailed histological examination of the endometrium (pipelle biopsy): Immunohistochemistry, PCR-diagnostics of viruses (adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, enterovirus), light-optical examination of pinopods, morphological determination of endometrium development stages in the second phase of menstrual cycle.
Vitamin-mineral supplements for correction of multiple micronutrient deficiency
Authors: Kodentsova V. M. , Risnik D. V.
Published: August 2020

Multiple micronutrient deficiency (simultaneous insufficient supply of the organism with several vitamins at once (vitamin D, B group), as well as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, and not an isolated deficiency of any one micronutrient is characteristic of a significant part of the Russian population throughout the year, regardless of places of residence. The growing need of the organism at different periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging), various diseases, drug therapy, the period of convalescence, stress, the use of various diets, enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, religious observance, adverse environmental factors further increase the risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) are closely interconnected into complex metabolic networks, which provide maintaining homeostasis and health. Deficiency of each of the essential micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a particular disease, and simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of not just one, but several diseases at once. Conversely, an adequate or optimal sufficiency of the body with all micronutrients, respectively, creates a “network of conditions ensuring the prevention of the disease”, due to the full implementation of all processes dependent on them in the body. This means that replenishing inadequate food intake of scarce micronutrients is an important way to maintain health and longevity. Given the variety of vitamin-mineral supplements, it is important to choose the right supplement. The maximum effectiveness to maintain the body’s vitamin and mineral status at the optimum level will be ensured by the intake of not individual micronutrients, but vitamin and mineral supplements containing a complete set of vitamins in doses close to the physiological needs of the body and basic minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine), the deficit of which is characteristic for the Russian population.
Synergistic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus carnosus on animal food components
Authors: Ivankin Andrey , Verevkin Alehey , Efremov Alexander , Vostrikova Natalia , Kulikovskii Andrey , Baburina Marina
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Various cultures of microorganisms have recently been used to accelerate technological processes. In this regard, it appears highly relevant to study the action of beneficial microorganisms on the components of food systems.

Study objects and methods. The study objects included a model mixture of beef muscle and pork fat tissue with 2% salt, as well as a model protein. Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus carnosus were used in an amount of 1×107 CFU/g of raw material. The compositions of free amino and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and other components were analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography with mass-selective detection.

Results and discussion. We studied the effect of L. plantarum and S. carnosus on protein, lipid, and carbohydrate components of food systems based on animal raw materials. We found that the combined effect of the cultures was by 25% as effective as their individual use at 4×109 CFU/kg of raw material. The three-week hydrolysis of proteins to free amino acids was almost a third more effective than when the cultures were used separately. The synergistic effect of L. plantarum and S. carnosus on fat components was not detected reliably. Free monosaccharides formed more intensively when the cultures were used together. In particular, the amount of free lactose almost doubled, compared to the cultures’ individual action.

Conclusion. We described culture-caused quantitative changes in the main components of animal-based food systems: amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and basic organic compounds. Also, we identified substances that can affect the taste and aroma of final products when the cultures are used together or separately. These results make it possible to obtain products with a wide variety of sensory properties.
The Correlation between Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dłubek Justyna , Rysz Jacek , Jabłonowski Zbigniew , Gluba-Brzózka Anna , Franczyk Beata
Published: August 2020

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting the male population
all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer
of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses,
cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a
signaling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms
including Akt signaling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that
increased cholesterol levels may be associated with a higher risk of a more aggressive course
of the disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature
of cancer and, therefore, constitute an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the
treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aims to reduce the activity of
enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or
SCD-1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase) in particular, that may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless,
not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be
ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative
correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of circulating cholesterol. Perhaps
the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions
or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.
Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: de Souza Mikael A. , da Silva Larissa , dos Santos Maria A. C. , Macêdo Márcia J. F. , Lacerda-Neto Luiz J. , Coutinho Henrique D. M. , de Oliveira Lígia C. C. , Cunha Francisco A. B.
Published: August 2020

The Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses, which compromise public health. In the search for synthetic product alternatives, essential oils (OEs) have been highlighted by many researchers as natural insecticides. This systematic review (SR) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and its objective was to evaluate studies addressing OEs with larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti, through electronic database searches (Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo), covering an overview of the plant sources OEs, which plant parts were used, the extraction methods, analytical techniques, major and/or secondary constituents with greater percentages, as well as the LC50s responsible for larval mortality. Following study analysis, plants distributed across 32 families, 90 genera and 175 species were identified. The Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae families obtained the highest number of species with toxic properties against larvae from this vector. Practically all plant parts were found to be used for OE extraction. Hydrodistillation and steam distillation were the main extraction methods identified, with GC-MS/GC-FID representing the main analytical techniques used to reveal their chemical composition, especially of terpene compounds. In this context, OEs are promising alternatives for the investigation of natural, ecologically correct and biodegradable insecticides with the potential to be used in Ae. aegypti control programs.
Direct Targets and Subsequent Pathways for Molecular Hydrogen to Exert Multiple Functions: Focusing on Interventions in Radical Reactions
Authors: Ohta Shigeo
Published: August 2020

Molecular hydrogen (H2) was long regarded as non-functional in mammalian cells. We overturned the
concept by demonstrating that H2 exhibits antioxidant effects and protects cells against oxidative stress. Subsequently,
it has been revealed that H2 has multiple functions in addition to antioxidant effects, including antiinflammatory,
anti-allergic functions, and as cell death and autophagy regulation. Additionally, H2 stimulates
energy metabolism. As H2 does not readily react with most biomolecules without a catalyst, it is essential to identify
the primary targets with which H2 reacts or interacts directly. As a first event, H2 may react directly with
strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in vivo. This review addresses the key issues related to this in
vivo reaction. •OH may have a physiological role because it triggers a free radical chain reaction and may be
involved in the regulation of Ca2+- or mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+-channeling. In the subsequent pathway,
H2 suppressed a free radical chain reaction, leading to decreases in lipid peroxide and its end products. Derived
from the peroxides, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal functions as a mediator that up-regulates multiple functional PGC-1α.
As the other direct target in vitro and in vivo, H2 intervenes in the free radical chain reaction to modify oxidized
phospholipids, which may act as an antagonist of Ca2+-channels. The resulting suppression of Ca2+-signaling
inactivates multiple functional NFAT and CREB transcription factors, which may explain H2 multi-functionality.
This review also addresses the involvement of NFAT in the beneficial role of H2 in COVID-19, Alzheimer’s
disease and advanced cancer. We discuss some unsolved issues of H2 action on lipopolysaccharide signaling,
MAPK and NF-κB pathways and the Nrf2 paradox. Finally, as a novel idea for the direct targeting of H2, this
review introduces the possibility that H2 causes structural changes in proteins via hydrate water changes.
Scaling up the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bovine Plasma Protein to Produce an Antioxidant from a Biological Source
Authors: Grimaldos Nathalia A. Gómez , Zapata José E.M.
Published: August 2020

Background:

modern society, there is a tendency to consume products with natural origins
and minimum chemical additives. This has encouraged the replacement of synthetic antioxidants
for the ones obtained from natural sources, such as the antioxidants acquired from enzymatic protein
hydrolysates.

Objective:

In this study, the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from bovine plasma, which
produces hydrolysates with an Antioxidant Capacity (AC), was scaled up from 1 to 5 L.

Methods:

An experimental design was developed in 1 L to evaluate the effect of the Substrate concentration
(So) on the time needed to reach a Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) of 20% as well as the AC.

Results:

The best conditions in the 1 L reactor controlled by a Titrando 842 were transferred to 5L in a
BioFlo310 reactor. These conditions were achieved at a ratio of 80g/L of the substrate and 0.89 AU of
Alcalase 2.4L/g of the substrate in order to obtain a level of 16.36 ± 0.21min of the 20% of DH and antioxidant
capacity of 58.98 ± 1.80%.

Conclusion:

The results showed that DH depends significantly on So, while the antioxidant capacity
only depends on the DH. Additionally, the dimensional analysis using Re as a scaling criterion allowed
us to obtain the same results in the model (1 L) and the prototype (5 L).
Research Development, Optimization and Modifications of Anti-cancer Peptides
Authors: Sun Zhi-Gang , Zhao Liang-Hui , Yeh Stacy Mary , Li Zhi-Na , Ming Xin
Published: August 2020

Anti-cancer peptides play an important role in the area of cancer inhibition. A variety of anti-
cancer peptides have emerged through the extraction and structural modification of peptides from
biological tissues. This review provides the research background of anti-cancer peptides, the introduction
of the mechanism of anti-cancer peptides for inhibition of cancers, the discovery and development
along with optimization and modifications of these peptides in the clinical application. In conclusion,
it can be said that anti-cancer peptides will play a major role in the future oncologic clinic.
Possible Targets and Therapies of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Sarkar Kasturi , Sil Parames C. , Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Cismaru Cosmin Andrei , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Habtemariam Solomon
Published: August 2020

The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
that causes COVID-19 has become a source of grave medical and socioeconomic concern to human
society. Since its first appearance in the Wuhan region of China in December 2019, the most effective
measures of managing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been social distancing and lockdown
of human activity; the level of which has not been seen in our generations. Effective control of the
viral infection and COVID-19 will ultimately depend on the development of either a vaccine or therapeutic
agents. This article highlights the progresses made so far in these strategies by assessing key
targets associated with the viral replication cycle. The key viral proteins and enzymes that could be
targeted by new and repurposed drugs are discussed.
A Review on Vitamin E Natural Analogues and on the Design of Synthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Cytoprotective Agents
Authors: Theodosis-Nobelos Panagiotis , Papagiouvannis Georgios , Rekka Eleni A.
Published: August 2020

Vitamin E, essential for human health, is widely used worldwide for therapeutic or dietary
reasons. The differences in the metabolism and excretion of the multiple vitamin E forms are presented
in this review. The important steps that influence the kinetics of each form and the distribution and
processing of vitamin E forms by the liver are considered. The antioxidant as well as non-antioxidant
properties of vitamin E forms are discussed. Finally, synthetic tocopherol and trolox derivatives, based
on the design of multitarget directed compounds, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that selected derivatization
of vitamin E or trolox structures can produce improved antioxidants, agents against cancer, cardiovascular
and neurodegenerative disorders.
Prognostic Value of MiRNAs in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zou Wujun , Hu Xiaoyan , Wang Dingting , Jiang Liang
Published: August 2020

Background:

Many studies have explored the relationship between the expression level of miRNAs and the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). However, the prognostic value of miRNA in LC patients has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were extensively searched for all studies published before the end of February 2020 that investigated the correlation between miRNA expression level and clinical prognosis in patients with LC.

Results:

Twenty-one studies involving 1784 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The survival endpoints of OS and DFS were 1.69 (95% CI 1.45-1.98; p < 0.05) and 3.62 (95% CI 2.34–5.62; p < 0.05), respectively. Both OS and DFS results were statistically significant. Subgroup analyses were performed by evaluating the effects of miR-196b, miR-375, and miR-21 on OS and the effects of miR-34c-5p on DFS. The results obtained for miR-196b and miR-34c-5p were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that miRNAs, as prognostic biomarkers for LC, play an important role in clinical value. In particular, miR-196b and miR-34c-5p have the potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers. However, further large-scale cohort studies based on these miRNAs are urgently needed to validate their clinical value and help determine the direction of future clinical work in the area.
Neurodegenerative Pathways in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Ramachandran Anu Kunnath , Das Subham , Joseph Alex , Shenoy Gurupur Gautham , Alex Angel Treasa , Mudgal Jayesh
Published: August 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that leads to insidious
deterioration of brain functions and is considered the sixth leading cause of death in the world.
Alzheimer’s patients suffer from memory loss, cognitive deficit and behavioral changes; thus, they
eventually follow a low-quality life. AD is considered as a multifactorial disorder involving different
neuropathological mechanisms. Recent research has identified more than 20 pathological factors
that are promoting disease progression. Three significant hypotheses are said to be the root
cause of disease pathology, which include acetylcholine deficit, the formation of amyloid-beta senile
plaques and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Apart from these crucial factors, pathological
factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, notch signaling pathway,
Wnt signaling pathway, etc., are considered to play a role in the advancement of AD and therefore
could be used as targets for drug discovery and development. As of today, there is no complete
cure or effective disease altering therapies for AD. The current therapy is assuring only symptomatic
relief from the disease, and progressive loss of efficacy for these symptomatic treatments warrants
the discovery of newer drugs by exploring these novel drug targets. A comprehensive understanding
of these therapeutic targets and their neuropathological role in AD is necessary to identify
novel molecules for the treatment of AD rationally.
The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression.
Authors: Regulska Magdalena , Szuster-Głuszczak Magdalena , Trojan Ewa , Leśkiewicz Monika , Basta-Kaim Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

:

Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling
mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain.
Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular
interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the
central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression.
The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved
in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both
leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double-
edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between
these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory
effects.
This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis
on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting
the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also
sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the
balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at
least a portion of depressive disorders.
Molecular Context of ADP-ribosylation in Schistosomes for Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development
Authors: Chutshela Amandla , Masamba Priscilla , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: August 2020

Schistosome infection is regarded as one of the most important and neglected tropical
diseases associated with poor sanitation. Like other living organisms, schistosomes employ multiple
biological processes, of which some are regulated by a post-translational modification called
Adenosine Diphosphate-ribosylation (ADP-ribosylation), catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases.
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of ADP-ribose moieties from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
(NAD+) to various targets, which include proteins and nucleotides. It is crucial in biological
processes such as DNA repair, apoptosis, carbohydrate metabolism and catabolism. In the absence
of a vaccine against schistosomiasis, this becomes a promising pathway in the identification
of drug targets against various forms of this infection. The tegument of the worm is an encouraging
immunogenic target for anti-schistosomal vaccine development. Vaccinology, molecular
modeling and target-based drug discovery strategies have been used for years in drug discovery
and for vaccine development. In this paper, we outline ADP-ribosylation and other different
approaches to drug discovery and vaccine development against schistosomiasis.
Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Recyclable Ag/C3N4 Catalyst
Authors: Yu Min , Wu Chaolong , Zhou Li , Zhu Li , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: August 2020

The oxidation of aldehydes is an efficient methodology for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Herein we hope to report a simple, efficient and recyclable protocol for aerobic oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acid by using C3N4supported silver nanoparticles (Ag/3N4) as a catalyst in aqueous solution under mild conditions. Under standard conditions, the corresponding carboxylic acids can be obtained in good to excellent yields. In addition, Ag/C3N4 is convenient for recovery and could be reused three times with satisfactory yields.
Therapeutic Effect, Chemical Composition, Ethnobotanical Profile of Eucalyptus globulus: A Review
Authors: Jafari Fatemeh , Ramezani Mahin , Nomani Homa , Amiri Mohammad Sadegh , Moghadam Ali Tafazoli , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang
Published: August 2020

The composition of essential oil (EO) of E. globulus is so different all over the world. The main component of essential oil is 1,8-cineole (Compound 64), macrocarpal C (Compound 22), terpenes (Compound 23-92), oleanolic acid (Compound 21), and tannins (Compound 93-99). We searched in vitro and in vivo articles and reviewed botanical aspects, therapeutic activity, chemical composition and mechanism of action of E. globulus. Essential oils and extracts of leaves, stump, wood, root and fruits of E. globulus represented many various medicinal effects including antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer, anthelmintic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, protection against UV-B, wound healing effect and stimulating the immune response. Also, the leaf extract of eucalyptus is used as a food additive in the industry. Eucalyptus has so many different therapeutic effects and some of these effects were confirmed by pharmacological and clinical studies. More clinical studies are recommended to confirm the useful pharmacological activity of E. globulus.
Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives by Phthalhydrazide-Functionalized TiO2-Coated Nano-Fe3O4 as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Nia Forough Motamedi , Farahi Mahnaz , Karami Bahador , Keshavarz Raziyeh
Published: August 2020

Phthalhydrazide immobilized on TiO2-coated nano Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-P) was synthesized and
characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM analysis. The resulting magnetic nanocatalyst was
used as a catalyst for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives which affords the desired products in good
to excellent yields. This catalyst can be isolated readily after completion of the reaction by an external
magnetite field and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation: Applications in the Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Sartori Suélen Karine , Miranda Izabel Luzia , Diaz Marisa Alves Nogueira , Diaz-Muñoz Gaspar
Published: August 2020

This review discusses an important synthetic tool proposed by K.B. Sharpless in 1980,
known as the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols, and examines its use in the total
synthesis of representative exponents of biologically active natural products. Focus is given to the
synthesis of simple to highly complex secondary metabolites, including lactones, amino acids, diterpenes,
and macrolides. The Sharpless approach involves the use of a catalyst, titanium tetra isopropoxide
[Ti(OiPr)4], dialkyl tartrate as a chiral ligand, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an
oxidizing agent. The method allows converting allylic alcohols to epoxides, which are chiral building
blocks and versatile intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. The biological and synthetic
importance of epoxides lies in the susceptibility of the three-membered heterocyclic ring to stereoand
regioselective opening by nucleophilic or acidic reagents, providing oxygen adducts.
A Ferrocene Derivative Reduces Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells through Suppression of MDR-1 Expression and Modulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Noori Shokoofe , Nourbakhsh Mitra , Farzaneh Shabnam , Zarghi Afshin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common kind of cancer among women in the world. Despite
major cancer therapy successes in recent years, cancer cells usually develop mechanisms to survive chemotherapy-
induced cell death. Therefore, new strategies are needed to reverse cancer chemoresistance.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a recently-synthesized ferrocene derivative
named 1-ferrocenyl-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)propen-1-one (FMSP) on cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 cells,
focusing on its inhibitory effects on Multi-Drug Resistance-1 (MDR-1) and inflammatory-related STAT3 pathway.

Methods:

Cisplatin-resistant MCF-7 cells were developed and the effect of cisplatin and FMSP on cell viability
was examined by MTT assay. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed to assess the gene and
protein expression of MDR-1 as well as phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3.

Results:

Overexpression of MDR1 as well as a marked increase in the level of phosphorylated STAT3 was
observed in cisplatin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7R) cells. FMSP successfully reduced the MCF-7R cell viability
and reversed both MDR1 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation status through which sensitivity of MCF-7R
cells to cisplatin treatment was regained.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that FMSP may be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention
and management of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.
Phthalazinone Scaffold: Emerging Tool in the Development of Target Based Novel Anticancer Agents
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Suryan Amruta , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Shweta
Published: August 2020

Phthalazinones are important nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds which have been a topic of considerable
medicinal interest because of their diversified pharmacological activities. This versatile scaffold forms
a common structural feature for many bioactive compounds, which leads to the design and development of
novel anticancer drugs with fruitful results. The current review article discusses the progressive development of
novel phthalazinone analogues that are targets for various receptors such as PARP, EGFR, VEGFR-2, Aurora
kinase, Proteasome, Hedgehog pathway, DNA topoisomerase and P-glycoprotein. It describes mechanistic insights
into the anticancer properties of phthalazinone derivatives and also highlights various simple and economical
techniques for the synthesis of phthalazinones.
Docking Studies and Antiproliferative Activities of 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3Kα)
Authors: Bilginer Sinan , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Sabbah Dima A. , Gul Halise Inci
Published: August 2020

Background:

Cancer is a life-threatening group of diseases and universally, the second main cause of
death. The design and development of new scaffolds targeting selective cancer cells are considered a promising
goal for cancer treatment.

Aim and Objective:

Chalcone derivatives; 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, were previously prepared
and evaluated against the oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-2, and were reported to have
remarkably high tumor selectivity. The aim of this study was to further investigate the anticancer activities of
the chalcone derivatives against human colon cancer cells with a possible elucidation of their mechanism of
action.

Methods:

Computational studies were conducted to explore the potential interaction of the synthesized molecules
with the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseα (PI3Kα). Biological evaluation of the antiproliferative
activities associated with compounds 1-23 was carried out against the colon cancer cell line, HCT116.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to study necrosis, while the caspase-3 activation and DNA
measurements were used to evaluate apoptosis in the treated cells.

Results:

Glide studies against PI3Kα kinase domain demonstrated that the 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-
benzoxazolone scaffold forms H-bond with K802, Y836, E849, V851, N853, Q859, and D933, and it fits the
fingerprint of PI3Kα active inhibitors. Biological evaluation of the reported compounds in HCT116 cell line
confirmed that the series inhibited PI3Kα activity and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and reduction
of DNA content.

Conclusion:

The recently developed compounds might be employed as lead structures for the design of new
antitumor drugs targeting PI3Kα.