bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treated municipal wastewater reuse for eggplant irrigation
Authors: Saab Marie Therese Abi , Daou Claude , Bashour Isam , Maacaron Antoun , Fahed Salim , Romanos Dany , Khairallah Yara , Lebbous Nada , Hajjar Celine , Saad Roula Abi , Ojeil Caroline , Sellami Mohamed Houssemeddine , Roukoz Salim , Salman Maher
Published: January 2022

In the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, the availability of freshwater is limited and therefore farmers must start using alternative water sources such as treated wastewater for irrigating crops. The present study is of great importance, since it provides evidence of some on-farm options that farmers can adopt when irrigating with treated effluent, in order to minimize the health risks. Eggplant was grown under two water quality regimes (Freshwater (FW) and treated wastewater (TW)) and two agronomic practices (no mulch (N_Mu) and use of plastic mulch (Mu)). Treatments were arranged in a split plot design with four replicates. Water quality regime was the main plot factor, while agronomic practices were the subplot factors. Water quality, soil, the marketable yield and other parameters were measured. Fruit samples were evaluated for bacterial contamination. The drip line performance was monitored. The study results revealed that the treatment with treated effluent gave more fruits.m-2, yield and mean fruit weight than the treatment using fresh water irrigation, with an increase of 3.98%, 10.74% and 5.63%, respectively. In addition, the use of mulch (Mu) resulted in an increase in yield (24.23%) and number of fruits (14.11%). Concerning the emitters’ performance and sensitivity to clogging, discharge reduction rate (Rd = 6.75%) for drippers delivering TW was lower than the admissible value of 20% discharge variation, indicating that the quality of water has little effect on emitter performance. Concerning bacterial contamination of fruits, irrigation with treated wastewater showed no contamination in terms of fecal streptococci, salmonella or E. coli. However, the fruits were contaminated with fecal coliforms that were present at a concentration less than 200 CFU.100 g-1. Following the World Health Organization Guidelines, pathogens could be reduced through post treatment health-protection control measures such as drip irrigation, product washing, disinfection and produce peeling
Agricultural and livestock production in the Amazon: a reflection on the necessity
of adoption of integrated production strategies in the western region of the state of Pará
Authors: Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de , Silva Lílian Kátia Ximenes , Fernandes Paulo Campos Christo , Júnior João Maria do Amaral , Lisboa Leila Sheila , Neves Kedson Alessandri Lobo , Pacheco Aline , Beldini Troy Patrick , Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira , Silva Welligton Conceição da , Godinho Vicente de Paulo Campos
Published: January 2022

The Brazilian Amazon has a large bovine herd and is an important exporter of meat from cattle and is also one of the most competitive regions for exportation of animal protein. Conventional extensive cattle ranching management has been a strategy promoted by public policies and has contributed to the processes of occupation of the region through modification of public lands with native forests. The objective of this study was to analyze the fundamental elements that have sustained conventional extensive cattle ranching in the Amazon and to demonstrate new strategies to change this paradigm, with a focus on western Pará. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) on cattle ranching production between 1990 and 2019 were analyzed and separated into two periods, 1990-2000, and 2001-2019. Meteorological data from western Pará were analyzed to describe the agrometeorological conditions (1989 -2012) with respect to the hydrological regime and its controls on the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Results show that the largest greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) from ruminants occurs during the dry season due to pasture forage grasses that are highly lignified. In contrast, lower emissions occur from diets rich in proteins and lipids, with subsequent gains in productivity, thus indicating the benefits of pastures with well-managed grasses. It is believed that cattle ranchers will adopt integrated systems such as integration of crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) when they are able to understand that climate conditions can be allied with sustainability indicators of the production chain. This paradigm shift in production systems applies not only to environmental and economic aspects, but especially to social ones such as opportunities to hire qualified workers coming from regional agrarian science schools
Responses of different varieties of sugarcane to irrigation levels in the Cerrado
Authors: Júnior Elson de Jesus Antunes , Júnior José Alves , Sena Carolina Carvalho Rocha , Casaroli Derblai , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Battisti Rafael
Published: January 2022

The Cerrado is under full expansion of sugarcane cultivation. However, the climate of this biome limits the production of sugarcane due to a marked water deficit. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate different varieties of sugarcane in two cultivation cycles in response to irrigation levels in the Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in Goiânia-GO, Brazil, from March 2016 to March 2018, during the cycles of plant-cane and ratoon cane in pots. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial design. The treatments were five varieties of sugarcane (RB867515, CTC11, SP860042, IAC873396, and IAC911099) and six levels of supplementary irrigation (100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% of the ETc determined by weighing lysimeter), and four replications. Eight biometric analyses were performed 45 days apart. At the end of each cycle, the quality of the raw material was determined through technological analysis. At the initial development phase (between March and August), when growth is low, we found that it is better to use an irrigation level that provides at least 40% of ETc, since the Cerrado environment does not increase sugarcane height. At the growth phase (between September and March), there is active growth corresponding to 74% of the cane's height. Therefore, the ideal irrigation is that at least 80% of the ETc be provided at the growth stage to support the sugarcane to reach a maximum growth and consequently favorable technological indexes. The supplementary irrigation level of 60% of ETc accelearted the process of maturation of sugarcane for a 12-month cycle. We conclude that the level of supplementary irrigation using greater technical viability for the cultivation of sugarcane in the Cerrado is 60% of the ETc. The varieties most adapted to this production environment are RB867515 and IAC873396
Either embryogenesis or indirect organogenesis in sugarcane: Are we missing the key points?
Authors: Neto Manoel Viana Linhares- , Vieira Letícia Rios , Schumache Pedro Vitor , Rossato Mariele , Silva Luciano Coutinho , Pereira Fabrício Jose , Paiva Renato , Junior Antonio Chalfun-
Published: January 2022

Both in vitro establishment and callogenesis of sugarcane allow a production of quality regenerative material, which is necessary for in vitro clonal propagation and for genetic transformation. In this study, we establish the efficient production of calli from the RB855156, RB92579 and RB867515 cultivars and characterize their regenerative potential in relation to either an embryogenic or an organogenic origin both by morphology and by anatomy. Callogenesis was induced in MS medium with 3.0 mg L-1 2.4-D. Three antioxidants were tested: polyvinylpyrrolidone (150; 300; 600 mg L-1), citric acid (7.5; 15; 30; 60 mg L-1), and ascorbic acid (7.5; 15; 30; 60 mg L-1). The morphological characterization of the calli was performed by visual classification, and the anatomical analyses by light microscopy. The experimental design was completely randomized, containing 150 explants by cultivar to antioxidant evaluations and potential regenerative evaluation within three times of subcultures (84; 112; 140 days). We have attained the key points of our in vitro research. Calli regeneration depended on the oxidation level and genotype. Antioxidants only in the culture medium were not enough to prevent oxidation. However, citric acid (7.5 mg L-1) as a pretreatment of the explant minimized this problem. Bacterial contamination was developed for the three cultivars, inhibiting the establishment to RB867515. The disinfestation protocol was efficient for RB855156 and for RB92579 cultivars. Three varieties of calli differed in the regeneration potential. In addition, histological analysis of the calli unfolded not only that there were structural differences but also that their buds had an organogenic origin
Ecophysiology and production of red pitaya under different light conditions
Authors: Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Corrêa Márcio Cleber de Medeiros , Mesquita Rosilene Oliveira , Galão Maria Izabel , DoVale Júlio César , Silva Marcelo de Sousa , Cajazeira João Paulo , Queiroz Ronialison Fernandes
Published: January 2022

In commercial orchards of red pitaya fruit, yellowish cladodes frequently occur, mainly in the warmest months of the year. The measurement of probable interferences on the ecophysiology and production of red pitaya and their correlations are unprecedented and may present a basis for commercial producers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different light conditions on growth, anatomy, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, and the production of red pitaya in Fortaleza (CE).
The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks (RDB), with five treatments, five replications, and two plants per plot. The treatments consisted of five levels of luminosity: full sunlight, 35, 50, 65, and 80% shading, with the use of PVC shade screens. At 365 days, morphological, biochemical, physiological, and anatomical characters were analyzed. The fruit production was estimated from the first fruit emission, which occurred 186 days after the experiment installation. It is concluded that the luminosity conditions interfere with a variably in the growth, anatomical structures, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, and production, as well as on their correlations. The crop presented high phenotypic plasticity and adequately acclimated to cultivation in full sunlight, obtaining the highest production. Moreover, this study recommended cultivating in full sunlight and at 35% shading, which showed the greatest performances in terms of ecophysiological variables and productive yield.
Grain sorghum under pre- and post-flowering drought stress in a semiarid environment
Authors: Souza Andrey Antunes de , Carvalho Abner José de , Bastos Edson Alves , Cardoso Milton José , Júlio Marcos Paulo Mingote , Batista Paulo Sérgio Cardoso , Julio Bruno Henrique Mingote , Campolina Carmela Vaz , Portugal Arley Figueiredo , Menezes Cícero Beserra de , Oliveira Simônica Maria de
Published: January 2022

Sorghum is one of the most drought-tolerant cereals. However, strong water stress, especially during the reproductive phase, causes significant grain yield reduction. Drought events are common in second crops planted after soybean harvest in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to assess grain sorghum hybrids grown under pre- and post-flowering drought stress. Twenty-five hybrids were subjected to two water stress environments (pre- and post-flowering) and one environment with non-water stress. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. Water stress pre-flowering reduced plant height, accelerated flowering, and increased panicle index compared with water stress post-flowering. Both pre- and post-flowering stress reduced yield, by 45% and 48%, respectively. Grain mass was greatly affected by stress occurring post-flowering but not by that occurring pre-flowering. Therefore, the reduction in yield caused by pre-flowering stress is due more to the reduction of grain number in the panicle, whereas the reduction when stress occurs post-flowering is due more to reduction in grain size. The plant chlorophyll index decreased when stress occurred pre-flowering and reverted after irrigation had resumed, demonstrating recovery in the photosynthetic capacity of the sorghum plant. With post-flowering stress, the chlorophyll index decreased significantly 30 days after the stress, affecting grain filling, with consequent yield loss
Silicon as mitigator of salt stress in mango tree seedlings
Authors: Véras Mário Leno Martins , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Silva Iana Nogueira da , Costa Amanda Stefanne do Nascimento da , Melo Edinete Nunes de , Cordovil Hellen Patricia Lemos , Dantas Adriana Pricilla Jales , Sousa Nelto Almeida de , Dias Thiago Jardelino
Published: January 2022

The use of saline water dramatically reduces the growth and development of plants. Thus, salt stress mitigation can be important to allow the use of this water in the agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon as attenuators of effects caused by salt stress on seedlings of “Espada” mango tree variety. An experiment was conducted under completely randomized experimental design in a factorial scheme (5 x 2). The factors studied consisted of silicon concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) and irrigation with low water (0.8 dS m-1) and high (6 dS m-1) electrical conductivity and the growth of mango tree seedlings was assessed 70 days after sowing (DAS) by the height, number of leaves, stem diameter, dry matter of root, aerial part and total, dry matter content, Dickson Quality Index and Index of tolerance to salinity. The application of silicon via leaf mitigates the deleterious effects of salt stress in mango seedlings. Silicon 200 mg L-1 promotes higher growth, dry matter accumulation and 100 mg L-1 concentration provides higher salt tolerance in mango seedlings. Electrical conductivity in the irrigation water at 6 dS m-1 reduce the growth and quality the of mango tree seedlings
Growth, foliar gas exchange and biomass accumulation in passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline waters and due to the applications of salt stress attenuators
Authors: Goés Gilton Bezerra , Dantas Aylson Jackson de Araujo , Dias Thiago Jardelino , Véras Mário Leno Martins , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Bezerra Ana Carolina , Leal Márcia Paloma da Silva , Neto Alvaro Carlos Gonçalves , Sousa Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

The use of substances attenuating the harmful effects of salts on plants is an important strategy for the use of salt water in agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, gas exchange and biomass accumulation of passion fruit seedlings (Passiflora edulis Sims) irrigated with salt water due to the application of salt stress attenuators. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-1), three doses of humic acids (0, 10 and 20 mL) and two doses of citric acid (0 and 10 mL) as attenuators, respectively. Increased salinity of irrigation water reduced growth, accumulation of dry shoot biomass and gas exchange (stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CO2 internal concentration) of passion fruit sourced seedlings. Citric acid did not attenuate the negative effects of the salts and negatively interfered in the growth and accumulation of dry biomass of the shoots of passion fruit, mainly to the seedlings irrigated with water of low salinity. Humic substances at a dose of 20 mL promoted higher growth of passion fruit sprouts but were not sufficient to attenuate the negative effects of irrigation water salts. Therefore, citric acid and humic substances, under the conditions of the study, are not an option to use saline water in the production of passion fruit seedlings
Soft computational techniques to identify cotton leaf damage
Authors: Caldeira Rafael Faria , Santiago Wesley Esdras , Teruel Bárbara
Published: January 2022

The principal objective of agriculture is the production of a high yield of healthy crops. This yield may be improved by the automatic detection of diseases and the consequent reduction in the use of pesticides. A digital processing system for images was thus developed and used to identify lesions on the leaves of cotton plants. A collection of 60,659 images of sub-metric resolution showing samples of soil and both healthy and damaged leaves was obtained and processed with an algorithm for the extraction of texture from 102x102-pixel samples. Then they analyzed with a neuro-fuzzy classifier trained to discriminate the three types of regions (soil, healthy leaf, and lesioned leaf). The algorithm developed was able to recognize the three classes. It generated a great amount of information on recognition of background which was more consistent than leaf damage areas. Therefore, it surpassed the performance of areas of healthy leaves. A similar trend was found for sensitivity. The overall accuracy of the system was 71.2%, suggesting that the unbalanced data of the different classes had skewed the results of the algorithm, as the number of false positives for the less well represented classes was greater. The analysis of unbalance (F-Score) showed that, independent of the volume of data, the attributes of texture utilized yielded better results for the images containing areas of damage in relation to overall accuracy. Therefore, given the challenges involved in the automatic identification of lesions in agricultural crops, such as variations in illumination, color, and texture, as well as obstruction, overlapping, and complexity of the region of which the image was taken, the behavior of the model was deemed satisfactory. Given the hybrid nature of the model, it should contribute to the state of the art in the use of intelligent systems in agriculture. This algorithm is available at https://github.com/rafaeufg/Cotton-diseases
Fruit development of groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) in dryland
Authors: Sholehah Diana Nurus , Hariyanto Sucipto , Purnobasuki Hery
Published: January 2022

Physalis angulata are widespread in the tropics with high bioactive compounds and pharmacological effects. This paper aims to identify the stages of fruit development and changes in physicochemical properties to provide comprehensive data on optimal fruit utilization. This study used CM 1 accession found in Madura Island with purplish stems and fruit peels. After 30 days of cultivation, the plant was transplanted into a polybag containing red Mediterranean soil and manure (5:1). It is grown in a greenhouse for 90 days to observe. The experimental design was completely randomized. The stages were selected as treatments: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 Day After Anthesis. The study used 15 replications with a total of 15 plants used, except for chemical analysis which used five replication with three plants for each replication. Observations were carried out during the reproductive phase and the parameters included fruit phenology, physical character, and chemical characteristics. The result showed that the growth stage of P. angulata consists of fully opened flower, fruit development (fruit set and fruit expansion), and ripening fruit (starting ripe, advanced ripe, and eating ripe). The optimal fruit stage for consumption is 21 days after anthesis, which has a diameter of 13.58 mm, a weight of 1.69 g and firmness of 3.40 N, total soluble solids of 14.96 Brix, total titratable acid of 0.0011%, and vitamin C 20.91 mg/100 g.
Natural resistance of two mango Mangifera indica L. commercial cultivars to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Penz. & Sacc
Authors: Arizpe A. Sánchez- , Cepeda Ma. E. Galindo- , Vázquez J. L. Arispe- , Velázquez R. Genis- , Badillo M. E. Vázquez- , Bautista A. Antonio-
Published: January 2022

Mexico ranks first worldwide as the largest mango exporter is one of the more produced tropical fruits worldwide. The need for strategies for the protection of crops, environment and people leads us to investigate disease control methods. The use of resistant cultivars is the most important. In addition, it is advantageous for the producer because it will reduce the cost for disease control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the natural resistance of two mango cultivars against anthracnose, using different spore doses and times of evaluation. The sampling was performed on April 15th, 2018 at an open market placed south of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Pathogen was isolated from fruits of Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo mango cultivars showing advanced degrees of black spots collected out from at open markets in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The pathogen purification was done by monoconidial cultures and identification was done with morphocultural criteria. Spore suspension was prepared and inoculated on ripe mango fruits using different doses and disease severity was evaluated 6 and 10 days after inoculation using millimetric sheets. A complete random factorial design of three factors was used, where: factor A stands for mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo), factor B is treatments and factor C stands for times of evaluation. The results are shown as percentage and data was analyzed with factorial analysis using the SAS® 9.1 software. C. gloeosporioides was identified in mango cultivars; with hyaline conidia of 16.90 to 25.12 µm length and 4.33 to 5.18 µm width. The results show cultivars resistant to anthracnose in the study area. Natural resistance against anthracnose was as 80.00 to 93.67 %, thus, mango cultivars showed a certain resistant degree
Taxonomic significances of seed morphology in some tribes of subfamily Malvoideae (Malvaceae) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: khalik Kadry Abdel , Ruzayza Suad Al- , Farid Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In this study, we evaluated the taxonomic significance and seed macro and micromorphological characteristics of 28 species belong to eight genera of subfamily Malvoideae (Malvaceae) from Saudi Arabia. The genotypes were studied using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Macro- and micromorphological characters of the seeds are presented, including shape, color, size, hairs, surface pattern, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, and periclinal cell wall. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of seed coat micromorphology were compared with those of the available gross morphological and molecular data (ISSR and SCOT). Seed character analysis offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Malvoideae on both intrageneric and tribal levels. Monophyly of the genera Abutilon, Malva and Pavonia was supported. Moreover, these analyses supported previous phylogenetic data, indicating that distinct lines are present within the genus Hibiscus and Sida, indicating that these genera are not monophyletic. A key is provided for identifying the investigated taxa based on seed characters
Integration of Mind and Skin; Psychological Co-morbidity in Dermatology and Skin Signs in Psychiatry
Authors: Khan Bushra
Published: January 2022

Being the largest organ of the body, the skin is known to respond to both exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Whereas it is known that having a dermatological ailment can have a negative effect on one’s body image, in addition to one’s mental state, it should also be noted that the opposite is also true. That is to say that possessing psychological issues can subsequently lead to dermatological ailments. Considering this, the study aimed to analyze the co-integration of the skin and mind, analyzing the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and dermatological issues. 30 dermatological patients, 25 psychiatry patients, and 10 control patients were enrolled into the study. Patients were tasked to complete a 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (21-DASS) questionnaire and a 10-item Dermatology Life Quality Index. Each patient was then assessed by a dermatologist and a psychologist. It was found that when compared to the control group, the psychological out-patients were more likely to experience dermatological ailments (p<0.001). In addition, it was found that when compared to the control group, the dermatological patients experienced an overall lower quality of life and a higher 21-DASS test result. Ultimately, it can be seen that one’s mental state does in fact, have the potential to affect one’s dermatological condition. With that in mind, it has been proposed to utilize stress reduction techniques and psychological intervention as adjuvant treatments for dermatological ailments.
An Assessment of Covid-19 Factors which Influence Non-Compliance of Payments in Respect of Social Security Contributions in Ghana
Authors: Abbey Samuel Nii Attoh
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has been wreaking havoc on the business world for nearly two years, with most industries experiencing a significant decline in revenue. The major statutory agency in charge of regulating employee pension schemes in Ghana, the Social Security National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) Ghana, has also seen a drop in monthly contributions. As a result, the goal of the study was to see how the COVID-19 epidemic is affecting non-compliance with Ghana’s Social Security Monthly Contribution Payments. The study used a random sampling methodology to select 6 out of 19 decentralized governance structures in Accra, after which a purposive selection method was used to select 50 small and medium business enterprises for their perspectives on the study’s goals. The major research tool was the questionnaire, and the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data collected in the field. COVID-19 appears to be taking a toll on the finances of small and medium-sized businesses that have made deals with SSNIT authorities to reschedule obligations related to default contributions, according to the findings. Although new projects have been placed on hold due to diminishing inflows, SSNIT’s commitment to employees and payment of pensions to elderly residents remains unaffected. In light of the a fore mentioned challenges posed by the pandemic, the study suggested that the Government of Ghana should seek concessionary loans from world-class lenders such as the World Bank to strengthen its local stabilization fund and inject a significant amount of funds to assist struggling SMEs in resuming operations.
Government Expenditure on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Akanyonge Joshua
Published: January 2022

The role of the government in a market economy cannot be underestimated. In reality, the public sector plays significant role in an economy. Markets do fail sometimes, and for that reason, government intervention is needed to provide public goods or handle externalities and enforce competition in an economy. In the quest of government playing its role in an economy, it faces the challenge of an appropriate level of government size (government final consumption % of GDP) that can ensure sustained economic growth. Data on government fiscal behavior in Ghana over the last two decades generally shows a rising trend in government expenditure, yet the economic growth rate has not risen commensurately. The study set out to provide additional empirical evidence on the linkage between government size and economic growth in Ghana by a time series data analysis and to test the optimal threshold level of which government final consumption could lead to rapid growth in Ghana. The study concluded that total government expenditure has a direct positive impact on economic growth. As a result of that, the study recommended that government expenditure should not exceed the optimum threshold level of 0.114% to maximize economic growth. The study, therefore, advocates for fiscal discipline and control to keep government spending at the optimal level so as to trigger a positive ripple effect to other sectors of the economy and avoid a crowding out effect in the Ghanaian economy.
Muffins fortified with Dacryodes macrophylla L. fruit: quality and sensory evaluation
Authors: Ndinchout Alvine Sandrine , Chattopadhyay Debapriya , Ascension Nyegue Maximilienne , Singh Narpinder , Paul Moundipa Fewou
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Due to the increasing demand for natural and functional products, scientists together with industries are conducting research to improve the nutritional quality of food. One of the ways to enhance the functionality of food is to add fruits or vegetables to their formulations. In this study, we attempted to develop muffins fortified with Dacryodes macrophylla L. fruit as a value-added ingredient.

Study objects and methods. Our study objects included D. macrophylla L. extract and six muffins: three eggless samples and three egg-containing samples. Each group included control and experimental samples. The experimental samples containing 0.5 and 1% of D. macrophylla L. extract instead of wheat flour were evaluated for muffin-making properties. All the samples were analyzed for their physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties, as well as rheological parameters.

Results and discussion. We found that D. macrophylla L. reduced the water activity, color values (L*, a*, b*), and firmness of muffins. It had no significant effect on baking loss, height, moisture, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess or chewiness, but tended to decrease the specific volume of muffins. However, D. macrophylla L. fruit increased the specific gravity, improved rheology properties, and tended to increase adhesiveness and mineral contents. Na and K varied from 5.93 to 7.75 and 2.88 to 7.35 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, D. macrophylla L. fruit significantly improved the muffins’ antioxidant activities. According to sensory evaluation, the muffins made with egg solids and 0.5% of D. macrophylla L. fruit had higher sensory scores than the other experimental samples.

Conclusion. D. macrophylla L. fruit is a good potential ingredient for enriching muffins and developing new functional bakery products. However, further research is needed to improve the color reproduction of muffins and determine the optimal concentration of D. macrophylla L.
Kumquat fruit and leaves extracted with different solvents: phenolic content and antioxidant activity
Authors: Büyükkormaz Çağrı , Küçükbay F. Zehra
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Kumquat is a good source of vitamin C, as well as phenolic and flavonoid substances. In this study, we used various solvents to obtain extracts from fresh and lyophilized dried fruits and leaves of kumquat plant, as well as six mutants, to compare their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities.

Study objects and methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were determined by commonly used antioxidant tests, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelating activity.

Results and discussion. The total phenolic content of the extracts was in the range of 3705–86 329 mg GAE/g extract. The total amount of flavonoid substance ranged from 5556 to 632 222 mg QUE/g extract. The highest free radical scavenging activity was observed in the kumquat leaves. We also found that the activity of dried fruit was lower than that of fresh fruit. According to our results, the differences in the phenolic contents of the studied plants affected their antioxidant properties. We determined that the extracts with a high phenolic content showed high antioxidant activity. No significant difference was detected between the rootstock kumquat type and its mutants. Finally, we found no chelating activity in the extracts obtained from fresh and lyophilized dried fruits.

Conclusion. Kumquat fruit and its leaves can be considered as functional foods due to phenolic compounds, which are able to neutralize free radicals.
Conceptual Reverse Logistics Model used by Online Retailers Post Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Kushwaha Purvi
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly found coronavirus. Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), caused an illness known as Covid-19, which was similar to SARS and was characterized usually by fever and breathing symptoms. World Health Organization in March 2020 declared Covid-19 as pandemic. Social distancing is the only measure in the absence of any vaccine to reduce the spread of this virus so many countries including India are going under lockdown. In the lockdown, the Government ordered closure of all the brick-and-mortar businesses. In this time of crises customers have only choice to purchase essential products from e-commerce portals. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that essential items could be purchased through e-commerce portals, all e-commerce businesses were instructed by the Ministry of Consumer Affair to take proper precautions and hygiene in their entire supply chain process. This paper suggests a model to incorporate hygiene in reverse logistics for online retailers post lockdown.
Empowerment processes, programs, and outputs in increasing self-efficacy and their influence on individual performance
Authors: Vandayani Prima , Sumarni Teti
Published: January 2022

After the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, the MSME business sector was significantly affected, data from the Ministry of Manpower and BPJS Employment in August 2021 explained that there were 2.8 million workers who were directly affected by COVID-19. They consist of 1.7 million formal workers who have been laid off and 749.4 thousand have been laid off.  Based on the results of observations in August 2021, there MSME sectors in Indonesia that have been hardest hit, namely MSMEs in transportation, services, and tourism. To deal with the current pressures of difficult economic conditions, it takes a high level of self-efficacy from MSMEs to rise from adversity, rebuild affected businesses by empowering themselves through programs, processes, and outputs, these three factors are determinants of MSME self-efficacy carried out to improve return market demand. Through explanatory research, 400 samples were taken. The study aimed to determine the role of program empowerment, process, and output on MSME self-efficacy and their effect on increasing market demand using quantitative methods. Results show a positive and significant effect of programs, processes, and empowerment outputs on increasing market demand through MSME self-efficacy and empowerment output to increase market demand through MSME self-efficacy.
The Importance of Instrumental Motivation among Students in Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) Process
Authors:   STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau, Siahaan Anggitaria , Ardayati Ardayati , Ramasari Maria ,   STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau,   STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research was to identify the category of students’ instrumental motivation and to describe the importance of instrumental motivation in the English learning process of English as Foreign Language (EFL) students. A quantitative descriptive method was used in this research to analyze the data. The subject of this research was 28 EFL students from the fourth semester students of English Education Study Program at STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau. The researchers used questionnaire and interview as instruments in obtaining the data investigation. Techniques for analysis the data were identification, calculation, classification, description and conclusion. The result of this research revealed that the students’ instrumental motivation was in strong category with total average 77.93 %. It meant that the categories level of motivation among the fourth semester students of English Education Study Program at STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau to study English is strong motivation. This proved that students had a very strong level of instrumental motivation. The students believed that a good way will be a good thing and motivation is enough to help them. With the aim of passing the exam, getting a job, having a better career, and getting a better future was their motivation in learning English. Automatically, it was proved that they had instrumental motivation, and it made them more motivated to achieve their goals though they learn English as foreign language. It indicated that instrumental motivation had an important role in the English learning process to the EFL students in English education study program at STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau. In summary, instrumental motivation was one of the factor that influenced the students to be success in learning a foreign language (English). This motivation was also very helpful in English learning process, because students who had this motivation show that they wanted to learn English seriously.
Needs Analysis on the DDevelopment of Instructional Material for Intensive Listening Course
Authors: Gozali Agus , Samuel Budiawan Dani , Eno Pratiwi Ajeng
Published: January 2022

Need analysis is pivotal before developing materials or syllabus. Some studies indicated the importance of conducting a needs analysis. Although many researchers had already conducted needs analysis studies, there is a lack of proper material that can accommodate the students to learn intensive listening courses, especially during the covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to get the information that will be beneficial to compose the material of the Intensive Listening course. One hundred and twenty sophomores were employed in a survey study to describe what their needs are related to their listening skills. A close-ended questionnaire was employed to find the students’ needs. The findings indicated that 3 important things can affect the material development process such as materials that students need, the method that the teacher used, and students’ range of proficiency. The result implied that in the process of teaching listening and developing listening materials, the lecturer should be aware of the topics, media, and students' proficiency.
Poor Outcome of Right Bundle Branch Block Coexist with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Devi Anggraeni Arifta , Andrianto Andrianto , Purnama Dewi Ivana , Prasetya Budi Mulia Eka , Kartika Ratri Anudya
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The incidence of new-onset right bundle branch block (RBBB) coexistence with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been associated with higher in-hospital mortality compared with those without RBBB. CASES: We present three cases of new-onset RBBB coexist with STEMI. Case I: a 64 years old male presented Killip I STEMI inferior-anterior with RBBB as new-onset. Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after failed thrombolytic was performed. New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response worsened his hemodynamic profile, leading to cardiogenic shock. Case II: an 80 years old male presented Killip IV late-onset anterior STEMI with new-onset RBBB. Cardiogenic shock got worsened after PCI stent. Case III: a 65 years old male presented Killip II extensive anterior STEMI with new-onset RBBB who underwent a primary PCI stent. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT), worsening cardiogenic shock, and transient AV block occurred after PCI. The right bundle branch blood supply is mainly provided by a septal branch of left descending artery (LAD). Therefore, it may indicate proximal LAD occlusion and extensive infarction. Thus, catastrophic events may occur, which including acute heart failure, AV block, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, new-onset AF, and mostly cardiogenic shock, despite initiate reperfusion was performed without delay once the diagnosis is confirmed. CONCLUSION: New RBBB suggests poor short-term prognosis due to its complication. Higher mortality is mostly linked to worsening cardiogenic shock.
Perfiles de enzimas asociadas a la resistencia a pesticidas en Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) en el sur de Guanajuato
Authors: García-Burgos Enrique , Landeros-Flores Jerónimo , Cerna-Chavez Ernesto , Aguirre-Uribe Luis , Guevara-Acevedo Luis Patricio , Rodríguez-Pérez Gilberto
Published: January 2022

El pulgón amarillo (Melanaphis sacchari), es una plaga que rápidamente se ha extendido por todo el territorio nacional, especialmente en los estados con alta producción de sorgo. De acuerdo con el Comité Estatal de Sanidad Vegetal de Guanajuato (CESAVEG), el estado reportó una alta incidencia de este insecto y, debido a su abundancia, ocasionó graves pérdidas en el cultivo de sorgo. En la actualidad, el método más utilizado para el control de esta plaga es la aplicación de productos químicos, lo que provoca resistencia a los insecticidas empleados. Una manera de determinar la presencia de un mecanismo metabólico de resistencia en M. sacchari presente en el área de estudio es determinando las absorbancias enzimáticas para obtener un perfil enzimático de la plaga. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el perfil enzimático que presentan las principales enzimas en las ninfas colectadas en el área sur del estado de Guanajuato, correspondiente a los municipios de Acámbaro, Apaseo el Alto, Apaseo el Grande, Celaya, Cortázar, Jerécuaro, Juventino Rosas, Tarandacuao, Tarimoro, Villagrán, y Yuriria. Los resultados mostraron que las enzimas con mayor presencia asociada a resistencia fueron α-esterasas, β-esterasas, esterasas y oxidasas.
Estimación de riesgo cardiovascular ateroesclerótico en pacientes adultos sin sospecha de cifras tensionales elevadas
Authors: García-Castillo F.I. , López-Carrillo M.Y. , Mendiola-Pastrana I.R , López-Ortiz E. , Guízar-Sánchez D.P. , López-Ortiz G.
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. La estimación del Riesgo Cardiovascular (RCV) podría disminuir la carga de la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Objetivo: Estimar el RCV en pacientes sin sospecha de cifras tensionales elevadas en una Clínica de Medicina Familiar en la Ciudad de México.
Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, participaron 101 pacientes de sexo masculino y femenino, de 40 a 69 años, sin diagnóstico previo de Hipertensión Arterial (HTA), pero que presentaron cifras tensionales altas al momento del estudio. Para diagnosticar HTA se utilizaron los criterios de la Asociación Americana del Corazón-2017. El RCV se evaluó con el ASCVD-Risk Estimator Plus.
Resultados: En la muestra la HTA estuvo presente en el 55.4 %, 44.6 % manifestaron presión arterial elevada. Respecto al RCV, 54.4 % presentaron bajo riesgo, 11.8 % riesgo límite, 25.7 % intermedio y 7.9 % alto. Los factores de RCV con mayor prevalencia fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), sobrepeso, obesidad y elevación de cifras tensionales.
Discusión: Un porcentaje importante de participantes presentó RCV en sus diferentes categorías. Se requiere ser más estrictos en los parámetros utilizados para definir la HTA; pues sin intervenciones oportunas las enfermedades cardiovasculares continuarán incrementándose.
Conclusión: Cerca de la mitad de los casos presentaron un RCV de límite a alto. Existió alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo individuales como DM2, HTA y dislipidemia. Se deben fortalecer búsquedas intencionadas de pacientes con características similares a las de este estudio para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Aspectos sociales, sobrecarga y calidad de vida de las madres de niños con microcefalia
Authors: Conceição-Santos D.B. , Costa-Cardoso L.C. , Barbosa-Torales A.P. , Oliveira-Lima S. , Cunha-Oliveira C.C.
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Cuidar completamente de niños con microcefalia es un gran desafío para sus cuidadores. La situación de vulnerabilidad social junto con la complejidad de la atención puede llevar a sobrecarga con pérdida de la calidad de vida.
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre aspectos socioeconómicos, dominio social de la calidad de vida y la sobrecarga de madres cuidadoras de niños con microcefalia.
Metodología: Estudio transversal con 105 participantes, mediante aplicación de cuestionarios sociodemográficos, WHOQOL-BREF, sobrecarga del cuidador. Se utilizaron pruebas ANOVA, t de Student, correlación Pearson (r).
Resultados: Población de madres mestizas (65.7 %), desempleadas (88.6 %), dependientes de la prestación social (76.2 %), bajo nivel educativo (50.5 %) e insuficiencia financiera (90.5 %). El promedio del dominio social se consideró bajo (51.11). Hubo asociación entre beneficio social y puntaje de calidad de vida total (p= 0.046). Las madres sufren sobrecarga severa (39 %) e intensa (30.4 %). Se encontró asociación entre niveles de sobrecarga y variables etnia (p= 0.027), ocupación (p= 0.043) y medios de transporte (p <0.0001). La sobrecarga tiene impacto negativo en la calidad de vida (r= -.463, p <0.0001), percepción de la calidad de vida (r= -.476, p= <0.0001), calidad de vida total (r= -.576, p= <0.0010).
Conclusiones: Las madres cuidadoras manifiestan sobrecarga con pérdida de calidad de vida. Los aspectos sociales influyen directamente y pueden potenciar la sobrecarga del cuidado. El personal de enfermería tiene un papel fundamental para crear e implementar líneas de atención con énfasis en promover la salud y alivio de la sobrecarga en el cuidador.
Secure Integrity Auditing System for Electronic Patient Health Records using Advanced Encryption Techniques
Authors: G Kulkarni Vaibhav
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Cloud computing is one of evolving technology nowadays, giving versatile services. However, secure information sharing is vulnerable to cloud computing. With cloud storage services, users can remotely keep their information to the cloud and recognize the data sharing with others. Electronic wellbeing record (EHR) is a framework that gathers patients' computerized wellbeing data and offers it with other medical care suppliers in the cloud. Since EHR contains a lot of critical and delicate data about patients, it is necessitated that the framework guarantees reaction accuracy and capacity respectability. The verifiable database (VDB), where a user’s redistributes his huge data set to a cloud worker and makes questions once he needs certain information, is proposed as an effective updatable distributed storage model for asset compelled users. To improve productivity, most existing VDB plans use confirmation reuse and evidence refreshing strategy to demonstrate accuracy of the question results. Notwithstanding, it overlooks the "continuous" of confirmation age, which brings about an overhead that the user needs to perform additional cycle (for example evaluating plans) to check stockpiling trustworthiness. In this paper, we propose a publicly verifiable shared updatable EHR database scheme that supports privacy-preserving using secure encryption and batch integrity checking. Keywords: cloud storage, data integrity auditing, functional commitment, privacy-preserving auditing, sensitive information hiding, third-Party Auditor (TPA), user revocation Verifiable database.
Editorial
Authors: Mazzioni Sady , BAÚ DAL MAGRO CRISTIAN , Fossá Juliano Luiz , GHISI FEUERSCHÜTT SIMONE
Published: January 2022

Editorial
Os Objetos gráficos de Mira Schendel: o silêncio da fala na imagem
Authors: Fernandes Thiago Grisolia
Published: January 2022

Este artigo propõe uma análise da série Objetos gráficos (1967/1973) de Mira Schendel, artista nascida na Suíça radicada no Brasil, a partir da ideia do silêncio e da ausência implicados na linguagem. Três elementos principais são abordados nesta análise: a materialidade da letra, a transparência do suporte de acrílico e papel de arroz e a existência de várias camadas na obra, que garantem uma profundidade à mesma. A partir da leitura de autores como Haroldo de Campos, procuramos ainda inserir o trabalho de Mira Schendel dentro de um campo ampliado da poesia, esgarçando as fronteiras entre palavra e imagem no contemporâneo.