bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and High‐Density Lipoproteins: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pérez‐Ocampo Julián , Taborda Natalia A. , Yassin Lina M. , Higuita‐Gutiérrez Luis Felipe , Hernandez Juan C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with inflammation as a critical feature. Recently, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) have been evidenced to have anti‐inflammatory effects, suggesting a potential link between HDL and SLE that needs to be thoroughly studied. The aim was to explore the association between SLE and HDLc through a systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Methods

A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to assess mean differences in HDL levels between patients with SLE and healthy controls. Both qualitative and quantitative syntheses were performed, including an assessment of heterogeneity using I2, a publication bias evaluation, a methodologic quality assessment, and a forest plot under a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease activity and the report of corticosteroid dosage.

Results

A total of 53 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 35 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 3,002 patients with SLE and 2,123 healthy controls. Mean HDL levels were found to be lower in patients with SLE as follows: in the meta‐analysis including all articles −6.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] −8.77 to −4.33); in patients with mild disease activity −5.46 (95% CI −8.26 to −2.65); in patients with moderate or severe disease activity −9.42 (95% CI −15.49 to −3.34); in patients using corticosteroids −5.32 (95% CI −10.35 to −0.29); and in studies with excellent methodologic quality −8.71 (95% CI −12.38 to −5.03).

Conclusion

HDL levels appear to be quantitatively altered in patients with SLE, suggesting a potential contribution to immune dysregulation, highlighting the importance of HDL in autoimmune diseases.
Predefined time formation control for glide multiple aircraft under event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Ji Yuehui , Ke Zhaotao , Song Yu , Gao Qiang , Liu Junjie
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the event‐triggered predefined time gliding formation control for multiple aircraft based on the leader‐follower mode. For the banked‐to‐turn (BTT) aircraft, The main technical challenge is to realize a predefined time control from the aerodynamic control surfaces to the direction of flight speed under an event‐triggered mechanism. First, under the leader‐follower mode, the desired tracking commands for the leader's trajectory inclination angle and trajectory declination angle are designed, with followers set to track the leader's outputs. Second, for each BTT aircraft, the inner and outer loop control system is constructed, and the virtual angle of attack and flight path angle laws are formulated to decouple the inner‐outer structure. For the outer loop system, the predefined time‐stabilized of trajectory inclination angle and trajectory declination angle is achieved by introducing the time scale function. Concerning the inner‐loop system, a sliding mode surface with predefined time stabilization is constructed, and a predefined time extended state observer (PTESO) is designed to estimate the total disturbances. An event‐triggered predefined time control is proposed for the aerodynamic control surfaces to realize the aircraft's flight direction tracking. Finally, the stability of the closed‐loop system and the avoidance of the Zeno phenomenon for each aircraft is proved using Lyapunov's theory. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed formation control in the article.
Intercalated Graphene and Colloidal Quantum Dots for Multispectral Photodetection
Authors: Ahn Seungbae , Shang Ju Ying , Patel Suraj K. , Alvarado Erick , Ndao Abdoulaye , Vazquez‐Mena Oscar
Published: July 2024

Hybrid photodetectors with 2D materials and quantum dots (QDs) offer new opportunities for spectral detection given their high mobilities and spectral tunability, respectively. Herein, the study presents a novel architecture of alternating PbS QDs with graphene monolayers positioned at different depths and with independent contacts. This geometry enables the probing of the photocurrent depth profile and therefore of different spectral bands. The study realizes devices with up to five graphene layers and five QD layers intercalated, using only one type of QDs (Single‐Bandgap devices) with an exciton absorption peak at 920 nm, as well as devices with different types of QDs (Multi‐Bandgap devices) with exciton peaks at 850, 1190, and 1350 nm. Since the absorption depth and photoresponse is wavelength dependent, each graphene has a different spectral response, which opens the path for spectral analysis. As expected, it is observed that top graphene layers have stronger response than deeper graphene layers, especially for short wavelengths. However, for the case of Multi‐Bandgap devices, a negative photoresponse coefficient is even observed for longer wavelengths, showing stronger response for deeper layers than for top layers. This intercalated architecture can be used for compact multispectral photodetection without any diffractive or beam splitting component.
Memristive Crossbar Array‐Based Probabilistic Graph Modeling
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Lee Soo Hyung , Han Janguk , Cheong Sunwoo , Shim Sung Keun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Ryoo Seung Kyu , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: July 2024

Modern graph datasets with structural complexity and uncertainties due to incomplete information or data variability require advanced modeling techniques beyond conventional graph models. This study introduces a memristive crossbar array (CBA)‐based probabilistic graph model (C‐PGM) utilizing Cu0.3Te0.7/HfO2/Pt memristors, which exhibit probabilistic switching, self‐rectifying, and memory characteristics. C‐PGM addresses the complexities and uncertainties inherent in structural graph data across various domains, leveraging the probabilistic nature of memristors. C‐PGM relies on the device‐to‐device variation across multiple memristive CBAs, overcoming the limitations of previous approaches that rely on sequential operations, which are slower and have a reliability concern due to repeated switching. This new approach enables the fast processing and massive implementation of probabilistic units at the expense of chip area. In this study, the hardware‐based C‐PGM feasibly expresses small‐scale probabilistic graphs and shows minimal error in aggregate probability calculations. The probability calculation capabilities of C‐PGM are applied to steady‐state estimation and the PageRank algorithm, which is implemented on a simulated large‐scale C‐PGM. The C‐PGM‐based steady‐state estimation and PageRank algorithm demonstrate comparable accuracy to conventional methods while significantly reducing computational costs.
Integrated Pristine van der Waals Homojunctions for Self‐Powered Image Sensors
Authors: Hu Yunxia , Wang Jun , Tamtaji Mohsen , Feng Yuan , Tang Tsz Wing , Amjadian Mohammadreza , Kang Ting , Xu Mengyang , Shi Xingyi , Zhao Dongxu , Mi Yongli , Luo Zhengtang , An Liang
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals junctions hold significant potentials for various applications in multifunctional and low‐power electronics and optoelectronics. The multistep device fabrication process usually introduces lattice mismatch and defects at the junction interfaces, which deteriorate device performance. Here the layer engineering synthesis of van der Waals homojunctions consisting of 2H‐MoTe2 with asymmetric thickness to eliminate heterogenous interfaces and thus obtain clean interfaces is reported. Experimental results confirm that the homostructure nature gives rise to the formation of pristine van der Waals junctions, avoiding chemical disorders and defects. The ability to tune the energy bands of 2H‐MoTe2 continuously through layer engineering enables the creation of adjustable built‐in electric field at the homojunction boundaries, which leads to the achievement of self‐powered photodetection based on the obtained 2H‐MoTe2 films. Furthermore, the successful integration of 2H‐MoTe2 homojunctions into an image sensor with 10 × 10 pixels, brings about zero‐power consumption and near‐infrared imaging functions. The pristine van der Waals homojunctions and effective integration strategies shed new insights into the development of large‐scale application for two‐dimensional materials in advanced electronics and optoelectronics.
Liquid Gallium‐Assisted Pyrolysis of MOF Affording CNT Non‐Hollow Frameworks in High Yields for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Han Xu , Cao Yongyong , Liu Ya‐Yuan , Li Cong , Geng Hongbo , Gu Hongwei , Braunstein Pierre , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: July 2024

Carbon materials have great potential for applications in energy, biology, and environment due to their excellent chemical and physical properties. Their preparation by carbonization methods encounters limitations and the carbon loss during pyrolysis in the form of gaseous molecules results in low yield of carbon materials. Herein a low‐energy (600 °C) and high‐yield (82 wt.%) carbonization strategy is developed using liquid gallium‐assisted pyrolysis of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) affording the N‐doped carbon nanotube (CNT) non‐hollow frameworks encapsulating Co nanoparticles. The liquid gallium layer offers protection against air, promotes heat transfer, and limits the escape of small carbonaceous gaseous molecules, which greatly improve the yields of the pyrolysis reaction. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the synergistic interaction between CNTs and N/O‐containing groups gives a non‐hollow framework composed of N/O‐enriched and open CNTs (NOCNTF‐15, 15 denotes the 15 mm thickness of the liquid gallium layer during the pyrolysis) with high specific capacity (185 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and ultra‐stable cyclability (stable operation at 10 A g−1 and 50 °C for 20 000 cycles). This study provides a unique approach to carbonization that facilitates the practical application of low‐cost CNTs and other MOFs‐derived carbon materials in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs).
Hierarchical Surface Restructuring of Ultra‐Thin Electrodes and Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Interfacing with Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems
Authors: Blagojevic Alexander , Seche Wesley , Choi Hongbin , Davis Skyler L. , Elyahoodayan Sahar , Caputo Gregory A. , Lowe Terry C. , Tavousi Pouya , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Amini Shahram
Published: July 2024

Long‐term implantable neural interfacing devices are crucial in neurostimulation for treating various neurological disorders. These devices rely heavily on electrodes and microelectrode arrays. As the invasiveness of these electrodes increases—particularly for peripheral and central nervous system applications—both potential benefits and risks of adverse side effects to the patient rise. To mitigate risks and enhance device performance and longevity, electrodes for such invasive applications must be thin, flexible, and have small contacts. However, these features typically reduce the geometric surface area and electrochemical performance of the electrodes, diminishing treatment benefits. This report explores the feasibility and advantages of using femtosecond laser hierarchical surface restructuring (HSR) technology to improve electrochemical performance without compromising the structural integrity of ultra‐thin (<25 µm) platinum‐iridium alloy (Pt10Ir) electrode contacts. In this report, an HSR process is developed that significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of 20 µm thick Pt10Ir electrodes by controlling the depth of restructuring. A comprehensive characterization is conducted to assess the surface, sub‐surface, morphological, microstructural, and electrochemical properties of these restructured electrodes using multiple characterization modalities. This evaluation aimed to assess the electrodes' performance and to identify features that promote efficient electron transfer, high electrochemical surface area, excellent electrochemical performance, and biocompatibility.
Cu‐Catalyzed Formal Addition of Aliphatic C(sp3)−H Bonds to Alkenes via Phenyl Radical Involved Intermolecular HAT
Authors: Bai Peizhi , Zhang Xin , Su Qinshuang , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo , Zhang Guoying , Xie Yinjun , Qin Guiping
Published: July 2024

A copper catalyzed aerobic formal addition of aliphatic C(sp3)−H bonds to alkenes via a phenyl radical mediated intermolecular HAT process is reported herein, in which the phenylhydrazine not only acts as a HAT reagent precursor, but also as a hydrogen atom donor. This reaction affords an alternative method for the direct formal addition of aliphatic C(sp3)−H bonds to alkenes utilizing air as the radical initiator without additional reductants at ambient temperature. A variety of alkanes and electron‐deficient alkenes are successfully incorporated, furnishing a series of aliphatic C(sp3)−H formal addition products in 20–93% yield. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that the 2‐tetrahydrofuranyl and phenyl radical are formed in this reaction.
Furin Egress from the TGN is Regulated by Membrane‐Associated RING‐CH Finger (MARCHF) Proteins and Ubiquitin‐Specific Protease 32 (USP32) via Nondegradable K33‐Polyubiquitination
Authors: Su Wenqiang , Ahmad Iqbal , Wu You , Tang Lijie , Khan Ilyas , Ye Bowei , Liang Jie , Li Sunan , Zheng Yong‐Hui
Published: July 2024

Furin primarily localizes to the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), where it cleaves and activates a broad range of immature proproteins that play critical roles in cellular homeostasis, disease progression, and infection. Furin is retrieved from endosomes to the TGN after being phosphorylated, but it is still unclear how furin exits the TGN to initiate the post‐Golgi trafficking and how its activity is regulated in the TGN. Here three membrane‐associated RING‐CH finger (MARCHF) proteins (2, 8, 9) are identified as furin E3 ubiquitin ligases, which catalyze furin K33‐polyubiquitination. Polyubiquitination prevents furin from maturation by blocking its ectodomain cleavage inside cells but promotes its egress from the TGN and shedding. Further ubiquitin‐specific protease 32 (USP32) is identified as the furin deubiquitinase in the TGN that counteracts the MARCHF inhibitory activity on furin. Thus, the furin post‐Golgi trafficking is regulated by an interplay between polyubiquitination and phosphorylation. Polyubiquitination is required for furin anterograde transport but inhibits its proprotein convertase activity, and phosphorylation is required for furin retrograde transport to produce fully active furin inside cells.
Phosphorescent PdII–PdII Emitter‐Based Red OLEDs with an EQEmax of 20.52%
Authors: Qiao Lige , Kong Xiangjun , Li Kechun , Yuan Lequn , Shen Yunjun , Zhang Yuzhen , Zhou Liang
Published: July 2024

Three dinuclear Pd(II) complexes (1, 2, and 3) with intense red phosphorescence at room temperature are here synthesized using strong ligand field strength compounds. All three complexes are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. Complexes 2 and 3 are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystalline data of 2 and 3 reveal complex double‐layer structures, with Pd–Pd distances of 2.8690(9) Å and 2.8584(17) Å, respectively. Furthermore, complexes 1, 2, and 3 show phosphorescence at room temperature in their solid states at the wavelengths of 678, 601, and 672 nm, respectively. In addition, they show phosphorescence at 634, 635, and 582 nm, respectively, in the 2 wt.% (PMMA) films, and phosphorescence at 670, 675, and 589 nm, respectively, in the deoxygenated CH2Cl2 solutions. Among three complexes, complex 1 shows red emission at 634 nm with phosphorescent quantum yield Ф = 67% in the 2 wt.% PMMA film. Furthermore, complex 1‐based organic light‐emitting diode is fabricated using a vapor‐phase deposition process, and their maximum external quantum efficiency reaches 20.52%, which is the highest percentage obtained by using the dinuclear Pd(II) complex triplet emitters with the CIE coordinates of (0.62, 0.38).
A novel ABCC9 variant in a Greek family with Cantu syndrome affecting multiple generations highlights the functional role of the SUR2B NBD1
Authors: Gao Jian , Ververi Athina , Thompson Ellen , Tryon Rob , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Rouvalis Fotios , Grange Dorothy K. , Giannios Christos , Nichols Colin G.
Published: July 2024

Cantu syndrome (CS) (OMIM #239850) is an autosomal dominant multiorgan system condition, associated with a characteristic facial phenotype, hypertrichosis, and multiple cardiovascular complications. CS is caused by gain‐of‐function (GOF) variants in KCNJ8 or ABCC9 that encode pore‐forming Kir6.1 and regulatory SUR2 subunits of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. A novel heterozygous ABCC9 variant, c.2440G>T; p.Gly814Trp, was identified in three individuals from a four generation Greek family. The membrane potential in cells stably expressing hKir6.1 and hSUR2B with p.Gly814Trp was hyperpolarized compared to cells expressing WT channels, and inside‐out patch‐clamp assays of KATP channels formed with hSUR2B p.Gly814Trp demonstrated a decreased sensitivity to ATP inhibition, confirming a relatively mild GOF effect of this variant. The specific location of the variant reveals an unrecognized functional role of the first glycine in the signature motif of the nucleotide binding domains in ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) protein ion channels.
Does ESG performance impact value and risk‐taking by commercial banks? Evidence from emerging market economies
Authors: Gangwani Mayank , Kashiramka Smita
Published: July 2024

The study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on the value and risk‐taking behavior of listed commercial banks in emerging market economies (EMEs). The study analyzes a comprehensive sample of 178 commercial banks listed in the top 20 emerging markets from 2015 to 2021. The study employs the System generalized method of moments (GMM) with Arellano‐Bond estimation to address the endogeneity issue. The results indicate that banks with higher ESG disclosure scores are linked to reduced risks for commercial banks such as insolvency, leverage, and liquidity risks, in line with shareholder theory. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that sample banks with higher ESG disclosure scores show better accounting (ROE and ROA) and market (Tobin's Q) performance, supporting both agency theory and resource‐based theory. The robustness tests validate the consistency of the results.
Targeting N4‐acetylcytidine suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by repressing eEF2‐mediated HMGB2 mRNA translation
Authors: Liu Hailing , Xu Lei , Yue Shiwei , Su Hongfei , Chen Xing , Liu Qiumeng , Li Hui , Liang Huifang , Chen Xiaoping , He Jiefeng , Ding Zeyang , Zhang Bixiang
Published: July 2024

Background

N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) represents a novel messenger RNA (mRNA) modification, and its associated acetyltransferase N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tumors by regulating mRNA functionality. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and prognosis is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of NAT10‐mediated ac4C in HCC progression and provide a promising therapeutic approach.

Methods

The ac4C levels were evaluated by dot blot and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with harvested HCC tissues. The expression of NAT10 was investigated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining across 91 cohorts of HCC patients. To explore the underlying mechanisms of NAT10‐ac4C in HCC, we employed a comprehensive approach integrating acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing, RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling analyses, along with RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, mass spectrometry, and site‐specific mutation analyses. The drug affinity responsive targets stability, cellular thermal shift assay, and surface plasmon resonance assays were performed to assess the specific binding of NAT10 and Panobinostat. Furthermore, the efficacy of targeting NAT10‐ac4C for HCC treatment was elucidated through in vitro experiments using HCC cells and in vivo HCC mouse models.

Results

Our investigation revealed a significant increase in both the ac4C RNA level and NAT10 expression in HCC. Notably, elevated NAT10 expression was associated with poor outcomes in HCC patients. Functionally, silencing NAT10 suppressed HCC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NAT10 stimulates the ac4C modification within the coding sequence (CDS) of high mobility group protein B2 (HMGB2), which subsequently enhances HMGB2 translation by facilitating eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) binding to the ac4C sites on HMGB2 mRNA's CDS. Additionally, high‐throughput compound library screening revealed Panobinostat as a potent inhibitor of NAT10‐mediated ac4C modification. This inhibition significantly attenuated HCC growth and metastasis in both in vitro experiments using HCC cells and in vivo HCC mouse models.

Conclusions

Our study identified a novel oncogenic epi‐transcriptome axis involving NAT10‐ac4C/eEF2‐HMGB2, which plays a pivotal role in regulating HCC growth and metastasis. The drug Panobinostat validates the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis for HCC treatment.
Retention, recruitment for law enforcement was up in 2023
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2024

More sworn officers were hired in 2023 than in any of the previous four years, and fewer officers resigned or retired, according to findings from the Police Executive Research Forum. It was the first time that police departments reported an increase in hired officers since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the murder of George Floyd.
Aliphatic Ketone Claisen Rearrangement: Troubleshooting the Transetherification Step by Identifying a Stable Acid Catalyst
Authors: Bruce Veera K. , Farshadfar Kaveh , Rolig Aino , Laasonen Kari , Pihko Petri M.
Published: July 2024

After optimization for retention of catalytic activity, 4‐chlorobenzoic acid emerged as the optimal catalyst for the aliphatic ketone Claisen rearrangement. The optimal catalyst enables a one‐pot, metal‐free, catalytic protocol from allylic alcohols to γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones. The optimized process tolerates a range of substrates, including substituents with acid‐labile protecting groups. Reaction monitoring and DFT studies of the aliphatic ketone Claisen process agree that the ultimate rearrangement step typically has the highest activation barrier.
Does firm‐level exposure to climate change influence inward foreign direct investment? Revealing the moderating role of ESG performance
Authors: Qing Lingli , Dagestani Abd Alwahed , Nam Eun‐Young , Wang Chengqi
Published: July 2024

The impact of climate change on foreign direct investment (FDI) at the corporate level is insufficiently explored, despite extensive discussions on environmental protection. This research utilizes novel panel data (2009–2022) on Chinese A‐share listed firms, using a two‐way fixed‐effect estimator to probe whether and how a firm's exposure to climate change influences the inflow of FDI, while considering the moderating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG). The results show: (i) firm‐level exposure to climate change harms inward FDI inflow; (ii) host country firms can mitigate the negative effect of exposure to climate change on inward FDI inflow by strengthening their ESG performance; (iii) exposure to climate change primarily impacts FDI inflow through environmental taxes and green investments; (iv) the detrimental effect of climate change risk on incoming FDI is more pronounced in the central and eastern region of China, and among non‐state‐owned firms. These findings provide insightful theoretical and practical implications for addressing SDG 13 (Climate Action) challenges and for attracting multinational investments in developing countries like China.
Advancements in Cosmetics and Aesthetics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Goldust Mohamad , Baumann Leslie , Gold Michael H. , Landau Marina
Published: July 2024

Objective

This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in cosmetic dermatology and aesthetics. It covers topics including dermal fillers, botulinum toxin (BTX anti‐aging cosmeceuticals, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, and energy‐based devices.

Methods

The review summarizes the current literature on dermal fillers, BTX, cosmeceuticals, AI applications, and energy‐based devices. It explores emerging technologies, new treatment methods, and ongoing research in these areas. The sources of data include peer‐reviewed journals, clinical trials, and expert opinions to provide a thorough understanding of recent developments and future trends.

Results

Dermal fillers, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), are popular in cosmetic treatments, with innovations like Bioorthogonal strategies and thiomer‐based technology emerging. Biostimulators such as poly‐l‐lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite promote neo‐collagenesis. BTX remains a cosmetic standard, with new recombinant toxins, hybrid BTXs, and delivery methods enhancing safety and efficacy. Anti‐aging trends include cellular senescence‐targeting treatments like exosomes, NMN, and PDRN, which need further validation. AI improves diagnosis, personalized treatments, and patient consultations but faces data privacy and bias challenges. Advanced energy‐based devices (RF, HIFU, lasers) and treatments like cryolipolysis and MFU‐V enhance skin rejuvenation and body contouring.

Conclusion

Recent advancements in cosmetic dermatology and aesthetics, including innovative dermal fillers, BTX developments, anti‐aging cosmeceuticals, AI applications, and energy‐based devices, are transforming the field. These innovations provide enhanced treatment options and improved patient outcomes, although further research is necessary to validate efficacy and address emerging challenges. The future of cosmetic dermatology is promising, with ongoing technological advancements driving continuous improvements in aesthetic medicine.
Effects of burrowing crabs on coastal sediments and their functions: A systematic meta‐analysis
Authors: Rinehart Shelby A. , Dybiec Jacob M. , Walker Janet B. , Simpson Lance , Cherry Julia A.
Published: July 2024

Burrowing ecosystem engineers, such as termites, crabs, marmots, and foxes, can profoundly affect the biological structure and ecosystem functions of their environments. However, the relative importance of the effects of burrowing engineers on sediments are challenging to predict and are expected to be influenced by engineer density, engineer functional traits (e.g., burrow morphology), and environmental conditions (e.g., geomorphology, vegetation presence). To develop robust hypotheses predicting the impacts of burrowing ecosystem engineers, we conducted a systematic meta‐analysis evaluating the effects of burrowing crabs on sediment properties, nutrient stocks, and ecosystem functions in soft‐sediment coastal habitats (e.g., salt marshes, mangrove forests, tidal flats). Additionally, we tested the impacts of crab burrow density, burrowing crab superfamily (a proxy for crab burrow morphology and diet), and biotic conditions (i.e., vegetation) on the effects of burrowing crab engineers on coastal sediments. Burrowing crabs rework and oxygenate sediments and accelerate rates of nutrient cycling (i.e., nitrification and CO2 flux). However, the magnitude and direction of burrowing crab effects depend on burrowing crab superfamily, the presence of vegetation, and their interaction. Crab burrow density did not consistently predict burrowing engineer effects on sediments. Future efforts need to focus on implementing rigorous manipulative experiments to assess crab ecosystem engineering effects, since methodological variation has hindered efforts to generalize their effects. Our findings suggest that crab engineering effects are predictable across environmental contexts, and understanding the context dependency of crab engineering effects may promote the management and restoration of the critical ecosystem services that are mediated by crab engineers.
A cautionary message on combining physiological thermal limits with macroclimatic data to predict species distribution
Authors: Chevalier Mathieu , Pignard Vincent , Broennimann Olivier , Guisan Antoine
Published: July 2024

Macroclimatic data are widely used to estimate the realized environmental niche of species and predict the current or the future spatial distribution of species. Because the realized niche is a subset of the fundamental niche—constrained by biotic interactions and dispersal limitations—proxies of the fundamental niche (e.g., thermal limits obtained from physiological experiments) are sometimes combined with macroclimatic data under the assumption that areas predicted as unsuitable from a realized niche perspective may belong to the species' fundamental niche. However, it is unclear whether this assumption is valid and whether thermal limits can be combined with macroclimatic data. Here, we explored these questions using available physiological thermal limits measured for 151 ectotherms. Specifically, we explored whether physiological thermal limits are larger than observed (realized) thermal limits measured using macroclimatic data, and what would be the effect of considering the physiological niche in addition to the realized niche for current and future predictions. Our results confirm previously raised concerns, as physiological limits can delimit a narrower range of thermal tolerance than the realized niche, particularly at the cold end of the thermal gradient where adaptive and/or facilitative mechanisms could allow species to survive in temperatures below physiological limits. These findings show that combining data on physiological thermal limits with macroclimatic data is dubious and that spatial predictions should be interpreted with caution because data on physiological thermal limits do not fit well with macroclimatic data that do not capture the conditions that organisms experience in the wild. While estimated physiological thermal limits are likely of value to complement species distribution studies, they are likely more useful in biophysical models that account for additional processes including the animal's behavior.
High‐Speed AFM Observation of Electrolytic Hydrogen Nanobubbles During Potential Scanning
Authors: Ohashi Ryuto , Ueda Mikito , Matsushima Hisayoshi
Published: July 2024

Nano‐sized bubbles (NBs: nanobubbles) have attracted attention in various fields such as physics, engineering, medicine and agriculture for fundamental and practical reasons. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has revealed the occurrence of NBs and discovered their flattened shape. However, their dynamic behaviours have not yet been discussed much owing to the slow scanning speed. The existence of these energetically unfavourable structures is still controversial owing to the lack of studies on bubble‐like behaviour of NB such as aggregation, growth and dissolution. Recently developed high‐speed AFM (HS‐AFM) can observe nano‐interface phenomena at a speed of 0.5 frame s−1. In this study, HS‐AFM was applied to electrolytic H2 NBs. We successfully observed NB nucleation, growth and dissolution during a potential scan. Image analysis revealed flattened nuclei with heights of less than 10 nm. The NBs remained stable for a short period after the hydrogen evolution stopped, and they rapidly dissolved at the anodic potential. As the potential sweep was repeated, the number of NB nuclei increased. This is the first study showing the dynamic motion of NBs during the potential sweep by AFM. Videos captured by HS‐AFM make NB existence more certain. This research contributes not only to the NB study but also to the clarification of the gas evolution mechanism on electrodes.
A novel denoising autoencoder hybrid network for remaining useful life estimation of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Xia Wei , Xu Jinli , Liu Baolei , Duan Huiyun
Published: July 2024

Monitoring the health of lithium batteries is a crucial undertaking in ensuring the safe and dependable functioning of electric vehicles. Data‐driven methods have been proved to be an effective method for identifying the complex degradation process of batteries. To augment the precision of predicting the remaining useful life (RUL), this paper introduces a pioneering architecture for a denoising autoencoder (DAE). This architecture integrates a stacked convolutional neural network with subsequent layers of bidirectional gated recurrent units within an encoder–decoder framework. The utilization of the DAE network is employed as a means to effectively capture and represent the intricate and nonlinear knowledge associated with degradation data acquired from measured sources. Simultaneously, the reconstruction loss is incorporated into the total loss to improve the accuracy and generalization of the prediction model. The efficacy of the proposed approach is substantiated through the utilization of data sets sourced from the NASA Ames Prognostics Data Repository. The comparative findings suggest that the proposed approach demonstrates an exceptional ability to achieve precise and robust estimation in predicting the RUL, surpassing other advanced methodologies.
Precision Diagnostics in Myeloid Malignancies: Development and Validation of a National Capture‐Based Gene Panel
Authors: Orsmark‐Pietras Christina , Lyander Anna , Ladenvall Claes , Hallström Björn , Staffas Anna , Awier Hero , Krstic Aleksandra , Baliakas Panagiotis , Barbany Gisela , Håkansson Cecilia Brunhoff , Gellerbring Anna , Hagström Anna , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Juliusson Gunnar , Lazarevic Vladimir , Munters Arielle , Pandzic Tatjana , Wadelius Mia , Ås Joel , Fogelstrand Linda , Wirta Valtteri , Rosenquist Richard , Cavelier Lucia , Fioretos Thoas ,   the SciLifeLab Clinical Genomics Platform and Genomic Medicine Sweden
Published: July 2024

Gene panel sequencing has become a common diagnostic tool for detecting somatically acquired mutations in myeloid neoplasms. However, many panels have restricted content, provide insufficient sensitivity levels, or lack clinically validated workflows. We here describe the development and validation of the Genomic Medicine Sweden myeloid gene panel (GMS‐MGP), a capture‐based 191 gene panel including mandatory genes in contemporary guidelines as well as emerging candidates. The GMS‐MGP displayed uniform coverage across all targets, including recognized difficult GC‐rich areas. The validation of 117 previously described somatic variants showed a 100% concordance with a limit‐of‐detection of a 0.5% variant allele frequency (VAF), achieved by utilizing error correction and filtering against a panel‐of‐normals. A national interlaboratory comparison investigating 56 somatic variants demonstrated highly concordant results in both detection rate and reported VAFs. In addition, prospective analysis of 323 patients analyzed with the GMS‐MGP as part of standard‐of‐care identified clinically significant genes as well as recurrent mutations in less well‐studied genes. In conclusion, the GMS‐MGP workflow supports sensitive detection of all clinically relevant genes, facilitates novel findings, and is, based on the capture‐based design, easy to update once new guidelines become available. The GMS‐MGP provides an important step toward nationally harmonized precision diagnostics of myeloid malignancies.
On Normothermic Regional Perfusion
Authors: Leder Garson
Published: July 2024

This letter responds to the article “Neither Ethical nor Prudent: Why Not to Choose Normothermic Regional Perfusion,” by Adam Omelianchuk et al., in the July‐August 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Involving different stakeholders in prioritising outcomes to assess healthcare systems response for type 1 diabetes management: Using co‐creation approaches in Peru
Authors: Zafra‐Tanaka Jessica Hanae , Almeida Guillermo , Andrade Montalvo Jackelyn Elizabeth , Anza‐Ramirez Cecilia , Jauregui Josselyn , Perez‐Leon Silvana , Lazo‐Porras Maria , Mayo‐Puchoc Nikol , Taype‐Rondán Alvaro , Miranda J. Jaime , Beran David
Published: July 2024

Background

Engaging diverse stakeholders in developing core outcome sets (COSs) can produce more meaningful metrics as well as research responsive to patient needs. The most common COS prioritisation method, Delphi surveys, has limitations related to selection bias and participant understanding, while qualitative methods like group discussions are less frequently used. This study aims to test a co‐creation approach to COS development for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Peru.

Methods

Using a co‐creation approach, we aimed to prioritise outcomes for T1DM management in Peru, incorporating perspectives from people with T1DM, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and decision‐makers. A set of outcomes were previously identified through a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Through qualitative descriptive methods, including in‐person workshops, each group of stakeholders contributed to the ranking of outcomes. Decision‐makers also discussed the feasibility of measuring these outcomes within the Peruvian healthcare system.

Results

While priorities varied among participant groups, all underscored the significance of monitoring healthcare system functionality over mortality. Participants recognized the interconnected nature of healthcare system performance, clinical outcomes, self‐management, and quality of life. When combining the rankings from all the groups, metrics related to economic impact on the individual and structural support, policies promoting health, and protecting those living with T1DM were deemed more important in comparison to measuring clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

We present the first COS for T1DM focused on low‐and‐middle‐income countries and show aspects of care that are relevant in this setting. Diverse prioritisation among participant groups underscores the need of inclusive decision‐making processes. By incorporating varied perspectives, healthcare systems can better address patient needs and enhance overall care quality.
The comparison of effectiveness of acupressure on Spleen 6 and Hugo points on the severity of postpartum pain: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Maleki Saba Mohamadghasem‐Nejad , Heydarpour Sousan , Nikrai Rojin , Heydarpour Fateme
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

Postpartum pain poses a significant challenge for new mothers. Various nonpharmacological methods are employed to manage postpartum pain. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acupressure on Spleen 6 and Hugo points on the severity of postpartum pain.

Methods

In this parallel randomized trial study, 68 eligible primiparous women who had vaginal deliveries and experienced postpartum pain at Farabi Hospital in Malekan (a city in East Azarbaijan Province in Iran) were selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and then allocated to the Hugo (n = 34) and Spleen 6 (n = 34) acupressure groups using a randomized block design (six blocks). The data collection process took place from November 2022 to April 2023. The participants were blinded; however, the analysts and investigators were not blinded. Acupressure interventions were applied bilaterally for 20 min, consisting of 10 s of pressure followed by 2 s of rest. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual pain scale before, immediately after, and 1 h after the intervention. In total, 68 participants fulfilled the study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 with chi‐square, Mann–Whitney, and Friedman tests.

Results

Both groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in postpartum pain intensity across all periods (p < 0.001). Although there was a significant difference in pain intensity between the groups before the intervention (p = 0.039), this distinction was not observed immediately and 1 h after the intervention (p ≥ 0.05). Both Hugo and Spleen's 6 acupressure interventions reduced postpartum pain intensity. No significant adverse events or side effects were observed.

Conclusion

Acupressure on Spleen 6 and Hugo points helped decrease the severity of postpartum pain in primiparous women who had vaginal deliveries. Healthcare providers are encouraged to consider acupressure for postpartum pain management.
Urine metabolomics signature reveals novel determinants of adrenal suppression in children taking inhaled corticosteroids to control asthma symptoms
Authors: Tran Dung T. , Chen Yulu , Zheng Yi , Hecker Julian , Hawcutt Daniel B. , Pirmohamed Munir , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Wu Ann C. , Tantisira Kelan G. , McGeachie Michael J. , Weiss Scott T. , Dahlin Amber
Published: July 2024

Background

Asthma is routinely treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Asthma patients on ICS are at increased risk of adrenal suppression, a potentially serious effect of long‐term glucocorticoid exposure; however, this relationship is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to identify metabolite biomarkers related to adrenal suppression in asthma patients taking ICS.

Methods

A total of 571 urine metabolites from 200 children with asthma on ICS in the Pharmacogenetics of Adrenal Suppression with Inhaled Steroids (PASS) cohort were profiled. Samples were grouped by peak plasma cortisol measurement as adrenal sufficient (>350 nmol/L) or insufficient (≤350 nmol/L) (outcome). Regression and discriminant‐based statistical models combined with network analyses were utilized to assess relationships between metabolites and the outcome. Finally, prioritized metabolites were validated using data from an ancillary study of the Childhood Asthma Management (CAMP) cohort with similar characteristics to PASS.

Results

Ninety metabolites were significantly associated with adrenal suppression, of which 57 also could discriminate adrenal status. While 26 metabolites (primarily steroids) were present at lower levels in the adrenal insufficient patients, 14 were significantly elevated in this group; the top metabolite, mannitol/sorbitol, was previously associated with asthma exacerbations. Network analyses identified unique clusters of metabolites related to steroids, fatty acid oxidation, and nucleoside metabolism, respectively. Four metabolites including urocanic acid, acetylcarnitine, uracil, and sorbitol were validated in CAMP cohort for adrenal suppression.

Conclusions

Urinary metabolites differ among asthma patients on ICS, by adrenal status. While steroid metabolites were reduced in patients with poor adrenal function, our findings also implicate previously unreported metabolites involved in amino acid, lipid, and nucleoside metabolism.
Associations between gut microbiota and chronic sinusitis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pu Kunlin , Zhang Zhipeng , Li Li
Published: July 2024

Background

Studies have indicated a close association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and chronic sinusitis. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and the risk of chronic sinusitis remains unclear.

Methods

Using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data for the gut microbiota and chronic sinusitis, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the potential causal relationship between the microbiota and chronic sinusitis. We employed the inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical approach to estimate the effect. Additionally, sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. Reverse MR analysis was also applied to investigate potential reverse causality.

Results

Through MR analysis, we identified 17 gut microbiota classifications that are closely associated with chronic sinusitis. However, after Bonferroni multiple correction, only class Bacilli (odds ratio: 0.785, 95% confidence interval: 0.677–0.911, p = .001, false discovery rate = 0.023) maintained a significant causal negative relationship with chronic sinusitis. Sensitivity analysis did not reveal any evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Reverse MR analysis found five gut microbiota classifications that are significantly associated with chronic sinusitis, but they were no longer significant after Bonferroni multiple correction. There was no evidence to suggest a reverse causal relationship between chronic sinusitis and class Bacilli.

Conclusion

Specific gut microbiota predicted by genetics exhibit a potential causal relationship with chronic sinusitis, and class Bacilli may have a protective effect on chronic sinusitis.
Being yourself is a defect: analysis of documented rights violations related to sexual orientation, gender identity and HIV in 2022 using the REAct system in six eastern European, Caucasus and Central Asian countries
Authors: Kovtun Oksana , Tilek kyzy Elvira , Masiumova Nadira
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Removing legal barriers to HIV services is crucial for the global 2030 goal of ending the HIV and AIDS epidemic, particularly in eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia. Despite state commitments to uphold human rights, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), along with transgender people (TP) still face stigma and discrimination. This article presents an analysis of rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and HIV reported in 2022 across six countries, highlighting features and their links to legislation and law enforcement practices.

Methods

We examined documented cases of rights violations among gbMSM and TP in Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine in 2022 using the REAct system, a tool for documenting and responding to rights violations against key populations. Initially, we employed directed content analysis based on Yogyakarta Principles to analyse narratives of violations. A codebook was developed through contextual, manifest and latent coding, with themes, categories and codes converted into quantitative variables for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the characteristics of violations.

Results

A total of 456 cases of rights violations related to SOGI and HIV were documented, ranging from 22 cases in Tajikistan to 217 in Ukraine. Most violations concerned gbMSM (76.5%), with one‐fifth involving TP, predominantly transgender women. Complex violations with multiple perpetrators or infringements were documented in Armenia and central Asia. Privacy rights were commonly violated, often through outing. Cases of violations of the right to the highest attainable standard of health (13.6%) and protection from medical abuses (2.6%) were also documented. Other rights violations were sporadic, with each country exhibiting distinct patterns of violated rights and types of violations. In Ukraine, the full‐scale war in 2022 influenced the nature of documented cases, reflecting the challenges faced by gbMSM and TP.

Conclusions

Monitoring rights violations proved effective for assessing the situation of gbMSM and TP, particularly in the insufficiently studied and diverse eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia regions. As rights violations are linked to both legislation and law enforcement practices, comprehensive interventions to minimize structural and interpersonal stigma are essential.