bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroFit: um software gratuito para desenvolvimento e ajuste de modelos matemáticos de crescimento bacteriano
Authors: Siqueira Alisson Amorim , Carvalho Paulo Gustavo Serafim de , Mendes Marianne Louise Marinho , Shiosaki Ricardo Kenji
Published: March 2015

A conservação de alimentos é uma das práticas mais antigas apropriadas pela humanidade, entretanto as infecções alimentares ainda despontam como uma gravíssima questão de saúde pública em todo o mundo, levando a óbito milhares de pessoas todos os anos. Nesse contexto, os modelos de predição microbiológica surgem como uma importante ferramenta para aferição da segurança alimentar e avaliação do risco de contaminação de alimentos. Os parâmetros de predição do comportamento microbiano proporcionam um caminho rápido e relativamente econômico para obtenção de estimativas confiáveis sobre crescimento, inativação e sobrevivência durante a atividade de micro-organismos nos alimentos, de acordo com as condições de estocagem. Apesar da importância dos modelos de predição, as dificuldades de utilização e resolução dos mesmos, por consistirem de equações não lineares e sem solução analítica, impedem sua ampla utilização. A baixa disponibilidade de programas eletrônicos para análise de dados microbiológicos, bem como a falta de ferramentas que permitam a criação de modelos ou o ajuste de parâmetros de uma forma rápida e fácil são outros entraves ao uso dos modelos de crescimento microbiológico. Diante desse problema, esse artigo tem por objetivo descrever o processo de desenvolvimento de um software concebido para permitir o ajuste, criação e comparação de modelos microbiológicos de crescimento de bactérias. A partir do uso de ferramentas comumente empregadas nesse tipo de estudo e das necessidades não contempladas por elas, foi desenvolvido um programa autônomo, gratuito, dotado de uma interface objetiva e com mecanismos capazes de criar e avaliar facilmente modelos preditivos. Espera-se que o software desenvolvido neste trabalho possa facilitar a análise de dados do comportamento microbiano em alimentos e o controle de possíveis repercussões para o consumidor final.
Surface treatment of implants: primary stability
Authors: OLISCOVICZ Nathalia Ferraz , SILVA Ronaldo José da , LEPRI César Penazzo , MARCANTONIO JUNIOR Élcio , REIS Andréa Cândido dos
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the primary stability of dental implants with and without surface treatment, by means of resonance frequency, using different materials as substitutes for human bone substrates for insertion. METHODS: Sixteen external hexagon, cylindrical Conexão(r) titanium implants were used, 11.5 mm long by 3.75 mm wide, as follows: 8 Master Porous (MP), with surface treatment and 8 Master Screw (MS) machined. The implant placement was performed on the following substrates: pork rib bone, wood, artificial bone polyurethane National(r) (40, 20, 15 PCF) and Synbone(r). Primary stability was assessed via resonance frequency using an Osstell Mentor(tm) device. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: It was found that although MP and MS have a higher value on all substrates, these were not statistically different between groups (p>0.05), except for polyurethane National(r) 20 PCF. When inserted into the wood substrate and polyurethane National(r) 40 PCF, MP and MS had higher values. MP, when inserted into the pig bone, was also statistically equal to these interactions. CONCLUSION: Despite the continuous development of innovations in the characteristics of implant surfaces to assist with the performance of osseointegrated implants, and the fact that our study has found that the surface treatment had no impact on the primary stability checked using ressonance frequency, there is still very little scientific understanding of these effects.
Bond strength to dentin of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems
Authors: SANTOS Ricardo Alves dos , LIMA Eliane Alves de , PONTES Mônica Maria de Albuquerque , NASCIMENTO Alexandre Batista Lopes do , MONTES Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende , BRAZ Rodivan
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: To assess the bond strength to dentin of the Single Bond (3M ESPE) and XP Bond (Dentsply) total-etch and Adper SE Plus (3M ESPE) self-etch adhesive systems. METHODS: Fifteen healthy human third molars were randomly allocated across three different groups of five teeth each according to the adhesive system. The occlusal portion of each tooth was removed under refrigeration using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA) down to an area of dentin that did not reveal enamel, as confirmed under a 40X stereo microscope (Ramsor, São Paulo, Brazil). A standardized smear layer was created with #600 grit silicon-carbide paper. The adhesive systems were applied as per manufacturer recommendations, with the exception of the Adper SE Plus system, which was triple-polymerized. Composite resin blocks (5 mm) were placed on the dentin surface. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37ºC. Using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA), toothpick-like specimens with an adhesive area of less than 1 mm² were obtained. A microtensile bond test was then carried out using a universal testing machine (KRATOS) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The bond strength values obtained with each adhesive system were as follows: XP Bond, 96.24 MPa; Adper Single Bond, 72.39 MPa; Adper SE Plus, 49.91 MPa. CONCLUSION: In terms of bond strength to dentin, conventional adhesives outperform self-etching systems.
Relation between bruxism and dental implants
Authors: TORCATO Leonardo Bueno , ZUIM Paulo Renato Junqueira , BRANDINI Daniela Atili , FALCÓN-ANTENUCCI Rosse Mary
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to gather information and discuss the predictability of implant-supported prostheses in patients with bruxism by performing a literature review. METHODS: In order to select the studies included in this review, a detailed search was performed in PubMed and Medline databases, using the following key words: bruxism, dental implants, implant supported prosthesis, and dental restoration failure. Items that were included are: case reports, randomized controlled trials, in vitro studies, literature and systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, of the last 20 years that addressed the theme. Articles without abstracts, animal studies, articles in languages other than English and articles from journals unrelated to the dental field were excluded. RESULTS: after analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected from a total of 54. It is known from the array of scientific articles which have assessed, either through retrospective, prospective or experimental studies, that the biomechanical and biological impact of bruxism on implant-supported prostheses is small, and that the literature has contributed little to exemplify the prosthetic limits of safety for the specialist from a clinical point of view. CONCLUSION: Although there is still no general consensus on this matter, most of the literature review articles do provide clinical guidelines that contribute to implant supported prostheses longevity and stability in patients with bruxism.
Craniofacial features of operated unilateral complete cleft lip and palate children: a case control study
Authors: ROMANINI Renata Cristina Suzin , VEDOVELLO Silvia , RAITZ Ricardo , SILVA Milena Bortolotto Felippe , JUNQUEIRA José Luiz Cintra , OLIVEIRA Luciana Butini
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: To compare the craniofacial features of Brazilian children who had received surgery for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate compared with non-cleft group. METHODS: Craniofacial features were evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs. 46 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were divided by gender and matched at ages 6, 7, 8 and 9. They were compared with 46 non-cleft children, equally divided by gender and matched the same age groups. All comparisons were carried out by means of the Angles SNA, SNB and ANB. The findings were analyzed on the basis of the two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with p <0.05 significance level. RESULTS: Both the angle SNA and SNB in the cleft group had a lower average in both genders and all age groups compared with the non-cleft group (p<0.0001). The average values of ANB were significantly higher in the cleft group (p<0.05) both in males and females and in all age groups studied. CONCLUSION: Children who had received surgery for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate during childhood had maxillary and mandibular retrusion and a class II skeletal pattern in relation to non-cleft group.
Oral health conditions and quality of life of elderly users of the Unified National Health System
Authors: MESTRINER Soraya Fernandes , ALMEIDA Aline dos Santos Queiroz de , MESQUITA Luana Pinho de , BULGARELLI Alexandre Fávero , MESTRINER JUNIOR Wilson
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the oral health status and socio-economic conditions of the elderly, which are users of the Brazilian Unified Public Health System (SUS) and its relationship to a subjective indicator of impacts of oral conditions on quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile OHIP-14). METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional exploratory study developed in the second semester of 2011. The sample consisted of 76 elderly (65-74 years old) users of the public dental service at the Dental Specialties Center at the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The methodological strategy adopted for data collection was the structured interview and secondary data were obtained from medical records and reports. To perform the statistical analysis it was used an exploratory analysis of multivariate data by means of STATA Software. RESULTS: The frequencies of the dimensions of the OHIP-14 with the greatest impact were pain (13.16%) and psychological distress (14.47%). The low impact association was represented by social disability (71%) and social disadvantage (63%). The gender, type of housing, necessity and prosthesis wearing were not associated with measures of quality of life related to oral health. It was observed a good correlation between the perception (r = 0.542, p <0.001), a moderate association between higher income (r = 0.28, p <0.01) and the scores of the OHIP. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the elderly which reported good self-perception of oral health and good income have expressed the perception that oral health reflects a good impact on quality of life.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: how should the dental surgeon proceed?
Authors: RONSANI Maiara Medeiros , MEIRA Thiago Martins , GODOLFIM Luiz Roberto , GARANHANI Roberto Ramos
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study is to describe a case report of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and to describe a logical sequence for the treatment of patients who suffer from this disease. Through an interpretation of the polysomnography examination, case history, and clinical examination and by performing cephalometric analysis for sleep apnea, a safe and effective treatment using an intraoral device was indicated. Along these lines, a mandibular advancement device, the Posicionador Luiz Godolfim (PLG), was constructed. After using the device for 4 weeks, the patient underwent another polysomnography, which showed the absence of obstructive sleep apnea. The steps followed for the treatment in this case highlight the importance of and the need for a correct and careful approach for patients with sleep apnea referred to dental office. The approach and sequence presented ensured the success of treatment in this case.
Unusual facial lipoma
Authors: MENESES Raphael Oliveira de , TAVARES Sócrates Steffano Silva , PEIXOTO Tony Santos , ARAGÃO Maria do Socorro , GODOY Gustavo Pina
Published: March 2015

Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissue composed of mature adipocyte cells, being among the most common benign tumors. However, it has been reported that they are uncommon in the oral cavity, representing between 15% and 20% of cases involving the head and neck, and between 1% and 5% of all benign neoplasms of the oral cavity. As for their clinical features, lipomas present as slow-growing and asymptomatic, with an associated yellowish submucosal growth, and may not be well circumscribed. Lipomas are known to grow to around 0.5 to 2 cm, but can have very large maximum diameters. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, recurrence being rare. The reported case is of a 74 year old, female patient, exhibiting a large lipoma in the right genial-masseteric region, which is unusual with the clinic presentation of lipomas occurring on the face. The patient was subjected to the complete removal of the lesion, was monitored for 6 months and presented no signs of recurrence.
Oroantral fistulas closure using Bichat's fat pad
Authors: AMARAL Marcelo Fernando do , GUERRA Luiz Antonio Portela , GERBI Marleny Elizabeth Márquez de Martínez , MELO Audemir Rocha , GONDIM David Gomes de Alencar , MEDEIROS JUNIOR Rui , MELO Suzana Lubambo de , SANTOS NETO Alexandrino Pereira dos
Published: March 2015

The oroantral fistula is one of the complications most common after dental extractions in posterior maxillary, mainly in the region of second and third molar. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, which may be present in pain, fever, hyposmia and drainage of purulent discharge; additional examinations such as computed tomography and sinus nasal endoscopy improve diagnostic precision. It is therefore of paramount importance to correct early diagnosis and treatment avoiding in this way, the symptons of sinusitis, infections and dysphonia. Several surgical techniques have been proposed for the closure of the bucosinusal fistula; the use of Bichat´s fat pad has become a successful alternative among them. Many surgical treatments have been to propose for closure of bucosinusal fistula; Bichat fat pad has been a good alternative. The propose for this article is report two cases with closure of bucosinusal fistulas through Bichat's fat pad, as well as to discuss the surgical techniques, characteristics, indications and peculiarities.
Conservative dentistry: non-beveled esthetic restorations in anterior teeth
Authors: VALENTE Lisia Lorea , MÜNCHOW Eliseu Aldrighi , PERALTA Sonia Luque , SOUZA Niélli Caetano de
Published: March 2015

The pursuit of esthetic excellence in dentistry today requires dental practitioners to enhance their knowledge and technique in restorations of the anterior teeth. Due to the high incidence and prevalence of fractures in this dental area, mimicking the optical properties and characteristics of the dental structure in young patients (aged 6 to 15 years) is a major challenge. This case report describes the minimally invasive, non-beveled restoration of two fractured anterior teeth (class IV). After diagnosing fractures of teeth 11 and 21 in a 10-year-old patient, a composite mock-up was performed, followed by a diagnostic wax-up. With the aid of a silicon guide, the restorations were prepared without beveling the enamel surface. We performed color stratification by using different types of composite resins. Finally, finishing and polishing procedures were carried out.
Análise dos aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos de famílias atendidas em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal ao longo de três anos
Authors: Griz Silvana Maria Sobral , Curado Nathália Raphaela Pessôa Vaz , Silveira Ana Karollina da , Barbosa Camila Padilha , Silva Adriana Ribeiro de Almeida e , Meneses Denise Costa
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: analisar fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, dos anos de 2007 a 2009, de mães de neonatos e lactentes participantes de um programa de saúde auditiva infantil. MÉTODOS: a coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do banco de dados do programa de Triagem auditiva neonatal, que contém informações retiradas do registro de cada neonato ou lactente. Participaram 2476 mães de neonatos e lactentes atendidos na etapa da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, entre 2007 a 2009. RESULTADOS: entre as variáveis demográficas destaca-se que 65,1% das mães possuíam idades entre 20 e 34 anos e 67,5% eram casadas. Nas variáveis socioeconômicas, destaca-se que 36,2% das mães possuíam o ensino fundamental incompleto e 56,4% eram donas de casa e 96,7% tiveram seus filhos em maternidades públicas. CONCLUSÃO: apesar dos resultados indicarem um crescimento de melhores condições de vida, durante os três anos de estudo, ainda observa-se, em termos percentuais, que a população estudada encontra-se em condições desfavoráveis para uma boa saúde das mães, e, consequentemente para a saúde e desenvolvimento global dos neonatos e lactentes. Esses resultados chamam a atenção para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção da saúde na população estudada, devendo, portanto, serem incluídas quando da implementação de um programa de Saúde Auditiva Infantil de uma dada região.
The Significant Social Networks of Women Who Have Resided in Shelters
Authors: Krenkel Scheila , Moré Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo , Motta Cibele Cunha Lima da
Published: March 2015

The social and institutional support networks structured around women who suffer violence are strategic tools when coping with the phenomenon, which is considered a public health problem. This qualitative study was aimed at understanding the relational dynamics of significant social networks of women who have experienced family violence and have resided in a shelter. A group of 12 women participated in the study and data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and the social networks map. Data analysis was based on Grounded Theory and performed using the software Atlas.ti 5.0. The results revealed that the significant social networks were important sources of help and support in the process of coping with violence experienced by women. Results also showed that the persons in the social networks develop multiple functions and present an increasing level of relational commitment to women, especially after they leave the shelter.
Análise da Arborização de Quatro Praças no Bairro da Tijuca, RJ, Brasil
Authors: Kiffer de Freitas Welington , Pinheiro Marco Aurélio Soares , Abrahão Leandro Luiz Ferreira
Published: March 2015

Neste estudo foi realizada a avaliação da arborização de quatro praças da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, considerando a riqueza de espécies, análises morfométricas dos indivíduos, além do seu diagnóstico fitossanitário. Foram encontradas 310 árvores, distribuídas em 36 espécies e 14 famílias, com destaque para Cassia siamea e Delonix regia que, juntas, corresponderam a 32,4% dos indivíduos. Cassia siamea representou 9,4% dos indivíduos da Praça Castilho França, 32,3% da Varnhagen, 24,0% da Saens Pena e 11,1% da Xavier de Brito. Já Delonix regia totalizou 3,2% das espécies da Praça Varnhagen, 10,7% da Saens Pena e 35,2% da Xavier de Brito. Nas quatro praças foi encontrada uma distribuição proporcional entre as espécies exóticas e nativas. Todavia, comparando o número de indivíduos, foi constatado predomínio das exóticas. Considerando todos os indivíduos amostrados, 83,6% concentraram-se entre 5 m e 15 m de altura. Observou-se que 49,5% das árvores apresentaram DAP maiores que 30 cm. Considerando-se os aspectos fitossanitários, 64,5% das árvores encontravam-se saudáveis e 25,4% mostravam sinais de ataques de pragas, além disso, 10,1% sofreram injúrias. Diante desses fatos, recomenda-se a substituição dos indivíduos debilitados que sejam uma ameaça aos usuários ou prejudiquem a estética, procurando sempre utilizar o maior número de espécies nativas possível, para evitar a uniformidade. Também se faz necessário intensificar o controle das pragas e as atividades de educação ambiental, com o intuito de reduzir os danos nos exemplares da flora das praças urbanas.
Escola Pública de Tempo Integral no Brasil: filantropia ou política de estado?
Authors: Cavaliere Ana Maria
Published: March 2015

A necessidade da escola de tempo integral no Brasil tornou-se uma unanimidade, mas, seu sentido ainda não está suficientemente estabelecido. Vista como um direito de todos, estratégico para a cidadania, é tarefa de grande porte político e financeiro e requer tratamento de política de Estado assumida cooperativamente por todos os entes da federação. Vista como dispositivo compensatório, dirigido a alguns alunos, tende a assumir caráter provisório, instável, com base em trabalho voluntário ou em parcerias com organizações sociais de variados matizes. Este artigo analisa os elementos que compõem o atual debate sobre o tema.
Sistema Nacional de Educação e relações intergovernamentais no Brasil
Authors: Duarte Marisa R. T. , Santos M. Rosimary Soares
Published: March 2015

A hipótese analisada nesse artigo considerou o discurso político sobre a constituição de um Sistema Nacional de Educação no Brasil como expressão de novo arranjo institucional para as relações intergovernamentais no sistema educacional federativo. O objetivo do estudo é compreender que elementos e mecanismos compõem o quadro analítico condutor de políticas públicas em educação para a nação. Para este fim, analisou-se a legislação constitucional de regulação institucional das relações entre os entes federados, a Lei que aprovou o novo Plano Nacional de Educação e o projeto de Lei Complementar, que objetiva regulamentar relações intergovernamentais no Sistema Educacional brasileiro. O estudo concluiu a respeito do silêncio discursivo em torno de políticas de cunho redistributivo e da regulamentação de relações intergovernamentais mediante normas infra legais.
O Conteúdo Jurídico do Princípio Constitucional da Garantia de Padrão de Qualidade do Ensino: uma contribuição desde a teoria dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Ximenes Salomão Barros
Published: March 2015

A Constituição estipula um conjunto de princípios do ensino, dentre eles a garantia de padrão de qualidade. O artigo analisa o sentido de tal previsão quanto à educação básica e estabelece um marco conceitual sobre o seu conteúdo normativo, com base na teoria dos direitos fundamentais como princípios, de Alexy. O princípio objetiva proteger a máxima qualidade do ensino em função das condições fáticas e jurídicas existentes. A partir daí, propomos que os componentes do direito à qualidade sejam definidos sob o enfoque de direitos humanos, incluindo as obrigações estatais de respeitar e proteger as liberdades na educação e de realizá-la em condições de igualdade. O direito à qualidade compreende sete dimensões jurídicas a serem contempladas nos processos de juridificação e de monitoramento.
Os reformadores empresariais da educação e a disputa pelo controle do processo pedagógico na escola
Authors: Freitas Luiz Carlos de
Published: March 2015

Partindo de dois núcleos conceituais constitutivos da organização do trabalho pedagógico (objetivos/avaliação e conteúdos/métodos) examinam-se as implicações dos avanços das propostas dos reformadores empresariais para a educação, evidenciando as conexões entre as avaliações de larga escala, os processos internos de avaliação (formal e informal) nas escolas, bem como a proposta de redefinição da base nacional comum curricular em curso. Mostra-se também que pelo controle do primeiro par dialético (objetivos/ avaliação), os reformadores almejam chegar ao controle do segundo par dialético da organização do trabalho pedagógico (conteúdos/métodos). Argumenta-se que sem a discussão e definição prévia de uma matriz formativa, corre-se o risco de reforçar uma matriz meramente conteudista que deixe de fora importantes dimensões da formação humana na definição de uma base nacional comum.
A qualidade da educação brasileira como direito
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil
Published: March 2015

A qualidade em educação sempre foi uma dimensão esperada da parte de todos os envolvidos em sistemas educacionais. Entretanto, nos anos noventa, a chamada "cultura de avaliação" impôs avaliações de larga escala com testes padronizados a fim de medir o desempenho dos estudantes. No Brasil, país de democratização educacional tardia, o acesso e a permanência ao ensino obrigatório foram vistos como básicos para a qualidade do desempenho. Ora, a qualidade depende de insumos pedagógicos, da formação inicial e continuada dos docentes, de planos de carreira e de salários atrativos. Tais exigências, dentro de um país federativo, estão contempladas no novo plano nacional de educação em que se avançou no encaminhamento no regime de colaboração.
Além da Agenda Endógena da Educação: propostas para a construção coletiva de um projeto de desenvolvimento
Authors: Fagnani Eduardo
Published: March 2015

Em pleno século 21, o Brasil ainda acumula desigualdades e ausências no campo educacional. As causas são múltiplas e estão associadas aos aspectos endógenos do sistema educacional, bem como aos aspectos associados às marcas profundas da crônica desigualdade social. O objetivo deste artigo é esboçar elementos que auxiliem a construção de uma agenda para a educação na perspectiva do desenvolvimento. Para isso será preciso realizar reformas estruturais para ampliar o financiamento, fortalecer o pacto federativo, desmercantilizar a oferta de serviços e promover a eficiência da gestão pública. Também requer o resgate da democracia e da política, o reforço do papel do Estado e a gestão macroeconômica voltada para o objetivo de redistribuir renda e garantir direitos sociais.
A educação nos marcos das transformações do rural contemporâneo
Authors: Favareto Arilson
Published: March 2015

A Humanidade vive um momento de transição de paradigmas nas formas de relação entre os espaços urbanos e rurais. O caso brasileiro não é diferente. O paradigma agrário, que sustentou as principais teorias e políticas destinadas às áreas rurais no século passado vem gradativamente dando lugar a uma nova visão, na qual a exportação de bens primários para as áreas urbanas passa a ser apenas uma, dentre as várias funções desempenhadas por aqueles espaços. Este movimento histórico precisa ser acompanhado por uma atualização do perfil das políticas públicas, em geral, e pelas políticas educacionais, em particular, ao novo contexto. O artigo apresenta as principais tendências em curso nesta transição de paradigmas e algumas de suas consequências para uma nova geração de políticas.
Transgressão do Paradigma da (multi)Seriação como referência para a construção da Escola Pública do Campo
Authors: Hage Salomão Antônio Mufarrej
Published: March 2015

O artigo analisa a realidade das escolas públicas do campo, inserindo suas particularidades nos desafios mais abrangentes que enfrentam os movimentos sociais populares do campo para assegurar o direito à universalização da Educação Básica, com qualidade socialmente referenciada e afirmativa da diversidade sociocultural e territorial que constitui o campo no Brasil. Ele socializa os resultados dos estudos realizados pelo Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação do Campo na Amazônia (Geperuaz) sobre a realidade das escolas rurais com turmas multisseriadas, considerando o paradoxo existente entre o abandono e a precarização que caracteriza em grande medida as condições de existência dessas escolas e as ações criativas realizadas pelos professores e estudantes no cotidiano escolar, que desafiam as condições adversas nelas vivenciadas, indicando referências para a transgressão do paradigma seriado urbano de ensino atualmente hegemônico nessas escolas.
Sujeitos sociais coletivos e a política de formação inicial e continuada emergencial de professores: contradições vs conciliações
Authors: Brzezinski Iria
Published: March 2015

Neste artigo, realizam-se análises conceituais e de ações do Fórum Permanente de Apoio à Formação Docente (Forprof) como articulador e regulador dos Planos Estratégicos de Formação Inicial e Continuada de Professores em exercício nos sistemas públicos de ensino. O artigo consiste em recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de abrangência nacional, com utilização da pesquisa participante. Almeja-se perquirir os impactos da implementação do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores (Parfor), fomentado pela Capes da Educação Básica (Capes/EB) e, ainda, as relações conflitantes ou conciliatórias estabelecidas nesse espaço plural e democrático - o Forprof.
Definição de localidade para instalação industrial com o apoio do método de análise hierárquica (AHP)
Authors: Alves José Roberto Xavier , Alves João Murta
Published: March 2015

Esse artigo apresenta uma análise de fatores relevantes para auxiliar a tomada de decisão na escolha de uma localidade geográfica ideal para a instalação de uma unidade fabril de uma empresa do segmento automotivo. O modelo estudado teve como motivação para o seu desenvolvimento a necessidade de a empresa expandir suas linhas de produção para uma outra localidade, em virtude da impossibilidade de expansão de suas instalações por limitações físicas de espaço, aliada a busca de vantagens competitivas como decorrência da mudança de local. Nesse contexto, a sistemática baseada na aplicação da metodologia de análise multicritério (AHP) foi aplicada, resultando na indicação da melhor alternativa de localidade para a instalação da nova fábrica, em função dos critérios previamente estabelecidos.
Políticas de valorização do trabalho docente no Brasil: algumas questões
Authors: André Marli
Published: March 2015

O texto aborda um tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas da área de educação as políticas de apoio aos docentes. Os dados aqui apresentados integram uma pesquisa maior, que investigou questões referentes às políticas de formação inicial e continuada, à carreira docente, ao acompanhamento aos iniciantes e aos apoios ao trabalho do professor em Estados e municípios brasileiros. Para fins do presente texto, serão discutidas as políticas implementadas por cinco secretarias estaduais e dez secretarias municipais de educação do Brasil, destinadas a valorizar o trabalho dos professores. Os dados foram coletados quando da visita às 15 secretarias de educação, onde foram realizadas entrevistas com os responsáveis pela implementação das políticas e obtidos documentos referentes às ações de apoio ao trabalho docente. Foram identificados três tipos de iniciativas para valorizar os docentes: socialização de práticas exitosas, prêmios por desempenho e apoio à qualificação profissional. As análises indicaram que esses incentivos tendem a compensar o professor individualmente e que não há informações suficientes, de levantamentos ou de pesquisas, que possam atestar os efeitos dessas medidas na qualidade do ensino de sala de aula e na aprendizagem dos alunos.
Los anfibios en la medicina popular española, la farmacopea de Plinio y el Dioscórides
Authors: Vallejo José Ramón , González José Antonio
Published: March 2015

Se presenta una lista de remedios médicos basados en el uso de anfibios en la medicina popular española y en el Mundo Clásico. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía relativa a estudios de folklore, trabajos etnográficos e investigaciones en antropología social o médica. Se documenta un total de 113 remedios y el uso de nueve especies de anfibios, dos pertenecientes a la familia de los caudados (urodelos) y siete anuros. La mayoría de los remedios se basa en la "preconcepción" popular sobre la influencia de los mismos y la sanación mediante la transmisión del mal a un ser vivo. Se destaca el uso tradicional de algunas especies amenazadas, dato a tener en cuenta a la hora de tomar decisiones en el campo de la biología de la conservación y la educación ambiental.
Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat
Authors: Curran William S. , Wallace John M. , Mirsky Steven , Crockett Benjamin
Published: March 2015

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.
Environmental sustainability of European cities
Authors: Rudden Patrick J. , O'Neill Katie , McEvoy Brenda , Treanor Angela
Published: March 2015

Two-thirds of Europeans currently live in urban areas, predicted to rise to 80% by 2050. Sustainable development, and in particular sustainable urban living, will become ever more challenging as urban densities increase − and civil engineers will need to provide solutions. The European Commission initiated the European Green Capital Award in 2010 to reward the achievements of cities in terms of current environmental performance, plans for a more sustainable future and to act as a role model for other cities. This paper describes notable civil engineering features of some of the winning cities to date, which include Stockholm in Sweden, Hamburg in Germany, Vitoria-Gasteiz in Spain, Nantes in France, Copenhagen in Denmark and Bristol in the UK.
Reading's new world-class railway station sets a UK benchmark
Authors: Warrior David , Mullen Peter , Collingridge-Moore Gregory
Published: March 2015

This summer will see the completion of a near £1 billion project to transform Reading railway station into a modern, world-class facility. First built by Brunel in 1840, it is now the second busiest interchange station outside London with 45 000 passengers each day. The station's 15 new and refurbished platforms are now fed by a comprehensively re-engineered track layout. This has significantly reduced delays, doubled capacity and removed Reading as the major bottleneck on the rail network west of London. This paper describes the construction works within the station area, including a vast, new 2400 t passenger transfer deck. All works were undertaken while the station remained operational, leading to some innovative engineering solutions that have set a precedent for other UK stations.
Seismic stability of retaining wall–soil sliding interaction using modified pseudo-dynamic method
Authors: Pain A. , Choudhury D. , Bhattacharyya S. K.
Published: March 2015

Seismic stability analysis is an important aspect in the design of safe retaining walls in earthquake-prone areas. In this study, the limit equilibrium method is used for sliding stability analysis of a gravity retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill by modified pseudo-dynamic seismic forces. The proposed modified pseudo-dynamic method satisfies the zero-stress boundary condition at the free ground surface and considers soil amplification inherent to soil properties. The study shows that wall–soil interaction in various seismic conditions may or may not be in phase for maximum sliding of the wall. The critical seismic acceleration coefficients for sliding are computed and the amount of sliding is computed using Newmark's sliding block method. The results of the study are presented in the form of figures and tables for a particular set of input parameters. Comparisons of the present results with a few available theories for the seismic case show the merit of the method, which can be used to design seismically stable retaining walls.
Correlation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity of granular soils: a micromechanical perspective
Authors: Xu X.M. , Ling D.S. , Cheng Y.P. , Chen Y.M.
Published: March 2015

The shear wave velocity method has become an increasingly popular means to evaluate the liquefaction potential of granular soils. Understanding the fundamental mechanism underlying existing empirical or semi-empirical relationships is important for better assessing their reliability. This paper presents a particle-scale study of the correlation between cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) and the shear wave velocity corrected for overburden stress (Vs1). The discrete-element method was used to simulate a series of undrained stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests together with shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements. Discrete-element method modelling with various relative densities, confining pressures and micro-parameters was performed under various cyclic stress ratios (CSRs), and the onset of liquefaction was illustrated through both macroscopic and microscopic responses, for example, inferred excess pore-water pressure, mechanical coordination number and redundancy index. The inter-particle friction was identified as the key micro-parameter that governs the liquefaction resistance of granular soils. A micro-scale CRR–Vs1correlation considering two independent micro-parameters, inter-particle friction and particle shear modulus, was then obtained and further validated with the outcomes from three dynamic centrifuge model tests performed on silica sand no. 8. This study demonstrates that the CRR–Vs1correlation is particle specific, thus soil specific, and the particle mechanical properties should be included in the Vs-based method for future liquefaction evaluation of granular soils.
Failed Tubule Recovery, AKI-CKD Transition, and Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Venkatachalam Manjeri A. , Weinberg Joel M. , Kriz Wilhelm , Bidani Anil K.
Published: March 2015

The transition of AKI to CKD has major clinical significance. As reviewed here, recent studies show that a subpopulation of dedifferentiated, proliferating tubules recovering from AKI undergo pathologic growth arrest, fail to redifferentiate, and become atrophic. These abnormal tubules exhibit persistent, unregulated, and progressively increasing profibrotic signaling along multiple pathways. Paracrine products derived therefrom perturb normal interactions between peritubular capillary endothelium and pericyte-like fibroblasts, leading to myofibroblast transformation, proliferation, and fibrosis as well as capillary disintegration and rarefaction. Although signals from injured endothelium and inflammatory/immune cells also contribute, tubule injury alone is sufficient to produce the interstitial pathology required for fibrosis. Localized hypoxia produced by microvascular pathology may also prevent tubule recovery. However, fibrosis is not intrinsically progressive, and microvascular pathology develops strictly around damaged tubules; thus, additional deterioration of kidney structure after the transition of AKI to CKD requires new acute injury or other mechanisms of progression. Indeed, experiments using an acute-on-chronic injury model suggest that additional loss of parenchyma caused by failed repair of AKI in kidneys with prior renal mass reduction triggers hemodynamically mediated processes that damage glomeruli to cause progression. Continued investigation of these pathologic mechanisms should reveal options for preventing renal disease progression after AKI.
Developing a Geoinformatic-engineering Stability Modeling Method, using Field Data and GIS Environment: A Case Study from Al Qarara Area in Wadi Musa, Jordan
Authors: Al Farajat Mohammmad , Diabat Abdullah , Al Hassanat Hussein , Ibweni Mohammad , Shawaqfeh Jamal
Published: March 2015

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.1.1-21By applying detailed geological field surveys, the spatial factors affecting geo-engineering stability were used to develop a geo-engineering stability modeling method to identify areas under potential threat of landsliding. The factors affecting geo-engineering stability in Al Qarara area in Petra-Jordan were studied and given assumed rates of importance, where optimization process was run by lag iterations; the produced spatial layers of the different factors were gathered and modeled using GIS; a final stability map was produced using an optimized equation. The produced map was validated qualitatively and quantitatively, where a comparison was made between the reality in the field and several maps of different equation. The modeling method which was developed in the context of this study proved to be suitable to produce micro-zonation maps of areas having landslide risk. Further applications on the method in other areas suffering landslides will further improve it.
Distribution and severity of bacterial brown spot on dry beans in South Africa: An update
Authors: Muedi Hangwani T.H. , Fourie Deidre , McLaren Neal W.
Published: March 2015

Bacterial brown spot (BBS) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a seed-borne bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Dry bean is an important field crop in South Africa and all commercially available South African dry bean cultivars are susceptible to BBS. The aim of this study was to determine the current distribution and severity of BBS in the dry bean production areas of South Africa. We surveyed 31 locations in five provinces. Disease severity was evaluated on selected plots on a 0–9 scale in four different farming systems: commercial and subsistence farms and strip and national cultivar trials. Leaves with typical BBS symptoms were harvested and transferred to the laboratory. Bacteria were isolated following standard procedure using King’s B medium. Identification of pure isolates was done using physiological and biochemical techniques. Incidence and severity values were used to calculate a disease index. BBS was observed in 88% of locations. BBS incidence was recorded in 54% to 100% of all the farming systems surveyed during the 2008/2009 and 2010/2011 seasons combined. BBS was more severe in the strip and national cultivar trials than on subsistence and commercial farms during the 2008/2009 season and more severe on the commercial farm and in national cultivar trials than on subsistence farms and strip trials during the 2010/2011 season. Findings of this study signal the importance of developing BBS-resistant dry bean cultivars for South Africa.
Telomere length is a strong predictor of foraging behavior in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Young Rebecca C. , Kitaysky Alexander S. , Barger Chris P. , Dorresteijn Ine , Ito Motohiro , Watanuki Yutaka
Published: March 2015

Telomeres are an increasingly studied component of physiological ecology. However, in long‐lived birds a large telomere loss with chronological age is not the norm. Telomeres are now regarded less as a chronological aging tool and more as an indicator of individual quality, residual lifespan, or biological age. If telomeres indicate biological aging processes, then they should also be associated with other variables that change with age, especially foraging and reproductive behaviors. This study compared telomere length to a suite of foraging parameters in Thick‐billed Murres breeding on three colonies in the Bering Sea. Telomere length, environmental conditions at colonies, and sex played pivotal roles in determining foraging habitat selection. Spatial habitat use, foraging efficiency, and prey selection variables all changed with telomere length. The behavioral evidence indicates that despite losing telomeres, birds with short telomere length retain their ability to use the environment efficiently. This indicates that aging birds remain behaviorally flexible, despite paying physiological costs. Changes in spatial use were largely sex‐dependent: females and males differed in their use of the environment as telomere lengths declined. Prey selection was related to telomere length and colony; changes in murre trophic level depended on telomere length, but their direction also depended on habitat quality. We found much support for the continued able functioning of birds with shorter telomeres, indicating that physiological aging does not carry only costs. Murres appear to modify their behavior depending on environmental conditions as their physiological reserves decline.
Expression of Leptin and Visfatin in Gingival Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study Using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Ghallab Noha A. , Amr Eman M. , Shaker Olfat G.
Published: March 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the protein and gene expression of leptin and visfatin in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), patients with CP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and healthy individuals.

Methods: The study includes 50 individuals: 10 healthy individuals, 20 patients with CP, and 20 patients with CP and T2DM. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss were measured, and gingival biopsies were obtained. Leptin and visfatin protein expression in gingival tissues was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured via real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The highest leptin mRNA and protein expression was observed in the control group and was significantly (P ≤0.05) different from the CP and CP+T2DM groups. Gingival tissues from patients with CP and T2DM had a significant increase in visfatin and a decrease in leptin gene and protein expression (P <0.05) compared with both controls and patients with CP.

Conclusion: Expression of leptin and visfatin in the gingival tissues suggests a possible role for these adipokines in the pathogenesis of CP and T2DM.
Heterotopic Transarticular Replantation: A Functional Reconstruction Design for a Mutilated Hand with Multiple Digit Involvement
Authors: Engin Murat Sinan , Aksakal İbrahim Alper
Published: March 2015

Case:

A patient sustained a high-energy trauma that resulted in amputation of the middle and ring fingers, along with injuries to the thumb and the index finger. The amputations were not clean; therefore, heterotopic replantation of the best amputated part of the finger to the most functional stump was undertaken. Transarticular replantation was done at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint without osseous fixation. Early active motion was initiated the next day. The replanted finger had excellent function.

Conclusion:

Whenever possible, designing a heterotopic transarticular replantation can minimize the functional drawbacks resulting from the prolonged immobilization often associated with fracture fixation.
Long-Term Results of Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger Releases in a Patient with Hurler Syndrome
Authors: Wyffels Mitchell , Orchard Paul J. , Van Heest Ann E.
Published: March 2015

Case:

Prior to the emergence of bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for Hurler syndrome, most individuals with this syndrome did not survive into their teenage years. We describe a twenty-three-year-old patient with Hurler syndrome who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation; we focus on the presentation and treatment of the associated carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger digits. After initial trigger digit release and revision bilateral carpal tunnel release with a tenosynovectomy, he maintained symptom-free hand function.

Conclusion:

Surgical treatment of median nerve compression and trigger digits due to Hurler syndrome is effective in the long term.