bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrière criminelle lucrative et désistement assisté
Authors: Ouellet12 Frédéric , Dubois Marie-Ève
Published: July 2020

La recherche sur le désistement assisté s’intéresse à la manière dont les interventions formelles ou informelles soutiennent le processus de cessation des activités criminelles. L’intérêt pour ce sujet étant plutôt récent, l’état des connaissances est somme toute embryonnaire. En outre, les travaux empiriques n’ont pas tenu compte des caractéristiques de l’implication criminelle sur la réceptivité au désistement assisté. Bien que la majorité des crimes commis dans nos sociétés soient motivés par l’appât du gain, les connaissances actuelles sur le désistement de la délinquance lucrative sont peu développées. Sur la base de récits narratifs de 27 personnes ayant commis des crimes lucratifs, l’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner les perceptions sur l’assistance reçue (désistement assisté). Tout d’abord, la reconnaissance de l’assistance dans le processus de désistement est inspectée, pour ensuite observer comment et quand cette assistance se manifestait dans les parcours de vie des répondants. Les résultats montrent l’intérêt du désistement assisté dans la compréhension du processus qui mène à la fin de la carrière criminelle, le désistement assisté ayant facilité l’abandon des comportements criminels dans la majorité des trajectoires individuelles. Les analyses montrent également que l’assistance peut prendre différentes formes, qu’elle agit de deux façons distinctes et qu’elle peut se manifester à différents moments dans le processus de désistement.
Mineurs judiciarisés pour délit sexuel : soutien de la désistance par le Good Lives Model
Authors: Glowacz1 Fabienne , Puglia Rosa , Devillers Berengère
Published: July 2020

Parmi les différentes interventions développées dans le domaine de la délinquance sexuelle, le GLM (Good Lives Model), modèle de réhabilitation humaniste et positiviste centré sur l’identification des besoins et le développement des ressources internes et externes de l’individu, connaît un intérêt clinique grandissant. Les fondements du GLM et ceux de la désistance reposent sur une conception positive du changement en se basant sur les ressources de la personne plutôt que sur les risques. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, les différentes étapes d’intervention du GLM (adaptées aux adolescents) seront présentées et illustrées à partir de l’analyse d’un suivi d’un mineur délinquant sexuel. Partant d’une lecture axée sur les besoins, l’intervention permet de développer de nouvelles façons de se percevoir et d’être perçu et, de la sorte, d’influencer positivement une dynamique d’abandon des comportements déviants sur le plan sexuel.
Au-delà de l’individualisation des processus de désistement
Authors: Barry1 Monica , Dubois Florence
Published: July 2020

Le passage à l’âge adulte est pour les jeunes non seulement une transition personnelle, mais aussi, comme cet article le suggère, l’amorce de leur processus de désistement. L’individualisation du risque et des processus de désistement jouent un rôle dans l’étude de la délinquance et de la justice pénale ainsi que, selon moi, dans notre compréhension du concept de désistement assisté. Ce concept distingue les sources formelles (professionnels) et informelles (pairs/mentors) de soutien dans l’abandon des activités criminelles, mais sans toutefois prendre en compte le soutien offert par l’État. Dans le cadre d’une étude portant sur le désistement en Écosse, j’ai conduit 40 entretiens avec des jeunes sur les facteurs qui les poussent à la délinquance, les raisons qui expliquent leur désistement et la façon dont ce processus se déroule, et comment y apporter un soutien optimal. Le présent article s’inspire principalement du point de vue de ces jeunes sur les manières les plus efficaces d’encourager ce processus, notamment par le soutien émotionnel et pratique, ce dernier étant envisagé sous l’angle plus large des politiques sociales et non seulement de la justice pénale. Les agents de probation ne peuvent offrir qu’une partie de ce qui constituerait selon moi une assistance adéquate au processus de désistement. Je crois d’ailleurs que l’État peut pallier ce problème en reconnaissant davantage les besoins et les aspirations des jeunes en difficulté. La présente étude a également été reconduite au Japon, où les problèmes auxquels les jeunes en transition sont confrontés sont moindres par rapport à l’Écosse, mais où la perception de « ce qui fonctionne » est similaire. L’étude est donc pertinente dans tous les pays où les trajectoires de la délinquance juvénile et les transitions des jeunes sont étroitement corrélées.
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao de Junot Díaz en lenguas escandinavas
Authors: Johnsen Åse
Published: July 2020

Para los traductores, el bilingüismo o multilingüismo en una obra literaria supone un desafío añadido en su trabajo de verter un texto de una lengua a otra. Al tratar los elementos extranjeros del texto original, los traductores tienen que elegir entre varios métodos y estrategias, entre ellas, transferirlos, traducirlos o explicarlos. En el presente trabajo estudiaremos la traducción de una de las novelas más conocidas del escritor estadounidense de origen dominicano Junot Díaz,The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, y las traducciones a las tres lenguas escandinavas: danés, noruego y sueco. El estudio comparativo de traducciones a las lenguas escandinavas constituye un caso interesante, puesto que tanto las lenguas como la realidad sociocultural de los tres países se parecen. No obstante, tal como muestra el presente estudio, los traductores de la obra han elegido métodos muy diferentes al traducir la alternancia entre lenguas en el original.
Vicisitudes de algunas equivalencias en el discurso de la diplomacia hispano-mapuche en el Chile colonial1
Authors: Zaslavsky Danielle , Payas Gertrudis , Carreño Iveth
Published: July 2020

Los parlamentos hispano-mapuches fueron conferencias de paz entre el ejército colonial español y las autoridades mapuche en el sur de Chile, que dieron lugar a un vocabulario político específico, producto de la relación entre las dos comunidades. Se analiza aquí la ocurrencia de la palabra parlamento en los tratados de paz, en sus dos acepciones principales – discurso y reunión – presentes durante todo el siglo XVII, observando cómo, a lo largo del XVIII, la segunda acepción se va imponiendo y la palabra entra definitivamente en el vocabulario político de las modalidades de interacción entre la corona española y los mapuche. Este estudio del trayecto temático-discursivo de la palabra parlamento y su red de significados, así como de algunos otros vocablos que fueron designando a los actores y al espacio físico donde se realizaba el acto, descansa en una reflexión traductológica con un enfoque sociohistórico y discursivo, y recurre asimismo a instrumentos y conceptos de la terminología. El trabajo, que se centra en un caso particular de equivalencia de traducción, pretende aportar tanto a la historia de la traducción como a la historia general y la historia de los conceptos políticos.
Au tournant du xxe siècle, la traduction et l’écriture au coeur des transformations identitaires et littéraires en Asie orientale
Authors: Jeanmaire Guillaume , Duval Arnaud
Published: July 2020

Cet article révèle une page de l’histoire de la traduction dans les pays jadis sinisés (Chine, Japon, Corée, Vietnam). Il traite plus particulièrement de l’émancipation identitaire et langagière de la Corée et du Vietnam face aux ambitions régionales et occidentales. Des formes d’écritures renouvelées ont facilité la diffusion de connaissances nouvelles, grâce à la création de revues, d’écoles, à l’essor de l’imprimerie et de la presse. Au-delà des deux puissances majeures, entre échanges et conflits, comment traduction et création littéraire ont permis à ces deux pays de moderniser leur langue, leur système éducatif, leurs connaissances, et par là même de redéfinir leur identité ? Pour répondre à cette question centrale, nous nous intéresserons d’abord aux tensions régionales entre Chine et Japon, puis à la transformation des langues et littératures héritières du chinois classique. Enfin, nous traiterons de l’émancipation langagière et politique de la Corée et du Vietnam relativement aux ambitions colonialistes.
Seeing the image of one’s culture through the image of another: translating images of national identity
Authors: Giugliano Marcello , Alsina Keith Victòria
Published: July 2020

In this article we combine the frameworks provided by Imagology and Translation Studies in order to analyze how translation can work as a tool of image formation and manipulation. Our paper focuses on the main features of the image of Irish national identity as it is represented in Brian Friel’s playTranslationsand on the way these features have been translated into Catalan. Through a contrastive analysis of the source text and the target text, we examine the changes to these features that occurred during the translation process and the impact they have had on the constitution of the image of Irishness in the Catalan culture. We then consider the relationship established in the target culture between the self-image of Catalan national identity and the hetero-image of the Irish one. Finally, we propose a refinement of the taxonomy commonly used to describe images of national identities and their relationship of reciprocity or opposition.
Queer Mineralogy and the Depths of Hell: Sulfuric Skills, Early Modern England, and the
North American Frontier
Authors: Kettler Andrew
Published: July 2020

Levels of environmental apprehension are determined by how threatening embodied
sensations deem ecological hazards. This may seem a simple categorization regarding human
choice to participate in environmental activism. However, as energy conglomerates work to
hide their malfeasance, modern selves rarely experience environmental decline through the
five senses. The distances between the modern self and ecological hazards, both physical and
discursive, emerge because the superstructure develops defense mechanisms that protect
polluters. Encountering sulfur in the English environment, prior to the Industrial
Revolution, consistently meant that evil was moving within the preternatural realm. The
external sensing of evil through the sensory signatures of sulfur was a form of sense work
within the phenomenological space between the supernatural and the natural. Throughout the
Early Modern Era, the idea that sensing sulfur signified evil or malevolence faded. Because
coal and her sulfuric sensory traits became vital to the establishment of the Industrial
Revolution, embodied changes were forced to occur, essentially through the creation of a
false sensory consciousness that defined sulfuric sensations as positive markers of
progress, profit, and purity. Upon the frontiers of the commonwealth and the newly
established United States, these sensations persisted. The early frontiers of North America
offer historical spaces where individuals marched westward and educated their senses to
discover profit. Sulfuric connotations of evil were rarely considered, as frontiersmen
educated their senses beneath a superstructure that defined associations with sulfur as
preternaturally safe. Sensory skills were negotiated and educated to catch coal and sulfur
through greater and more refined tactile, nasal, flavorful, visual, and aural skills. These
sensory pedagogies inhabited somatic work farther west into British Columbia, known for
explosive environmental conditions due to large coal supplies, indigenous populations,
sacred alimentary goods, and amazing natural beauty. How citizens decide to become activated
to environmental concern, as within modern Vancouver and her sulfur mounds, arises through
whether the socially constructed senses ever perceive pollution as
corruptive.
Tributación del crowdfunding, de María del Mar Soto Moya (Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2018)
Authors: Sedeño López José Francisco
Published: July 2020

Este libro supone una importante aportación científica sobre un tema de rabiosa actualidad: el crowdfunding y, más en concreto, su régimen jurídico- tributario. A consecuencia de la gran recesión acaecida, cuyos efectos aún azotan nuestra sociedad, los individuos se han visto obligados a buscar nuevas formas de satisfacer sus necesidades y, en concreto, nuevas formas de obtener financiación. Estas actuaciones se pueden enmarcar dentro de lo que la autora denomina innovación social, entre cuyas figuras destaca, sin lugar a dudas, el crowdfunding, definido en la obra como “la obtención de financiación para un determinado proyecto a través de la participación colectiva, es decir, una serie de personas que hacen red para conseguir los recursos necesarios para la realización de un proyecto”.
La baja como causa de finalización de la relación societaria entre la persona socia y la sociedad cooperativa, de Francisco Javier Arrieta Idiakez (Dykinson, Madrid, 2019)
Authors: Bengoetxea Alkorta Aitor
Published: July 2020

La obra del profesor Arrieta, profesor titular de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social en la Universidad de Deusto, trata sobre una cuestión de gran complejidad técnica, como es la extinción de la relación societaria entre una persona socia y su cooperativa, que se produce mediante la baja. El libro tiene como objeto, por consiguiente, la baja de la persona socia, y dicha institución se trata con un enfoque muy amplio, de manera que, atendiendo a la estructura de la obra, se estudian las distintas clases de baja, en atención a la diversidad de causas que puede motivarla; la calificación de la baja, como justificada o injustificada; los efectos económicos de las bajas; y, el acceso de las personas socias que han causado baja a la prestación por desempleo y a la prestación por cese de actividad. Y todo ello con gran detalle y minuciosidad.
Altered gut microbiota associated with symptom severity in schizophrenia
Authors: Li Shijia , Zhuo Min , Huang Xia , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhou Jing , Xiong Dongsheng , Li Jiahui , Liu Ya , Pan Zhilin , Li Hehua , Chen Jun , Li Xiaobo , Xiang Zhiming , Wu Fengchun , Wu Kai
Published: July 2020

Background

The gut microbiome and microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis have been receiving increasing attention for their role in the regulation of mental behavior and possible biological basis of psychiatric disorders. With the advance of next-generation sequencing technology, characterization of the gut microbiota in schizophrenia (SZ) patients can provide rich clues for the diagnosis and prevention of SZ.

Methods

In this study, we compared the differences in the fecal microbiota between 82 SZ patients and 80 demographically matched normal controls (NCs) by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed the correlations between altered gut microbiota and symptom severity.

Results

The alpha diversity showed no significant differences between the NC and SZ groups, but the beta diversity revealed significant community-level separation in microbiome composition between the two groups (pseudo-F =3.337, p < 0.001, uncorrected). At the phylum level, relatively more Actinobacteria and less Firmicutes (p < 0.05, FDR corrected) were found in the SZ group. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Succinivibrio, Mogibacterium, Corynebacterium, undefined Ruminococcus and undefined Eubacterium were significantly increased, whereas the abundances of Adlercreutzia, Anaerostipes, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium were decreased in the SZ group compared to the NC group (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). We performed PICRUSt analysis and found that several metabolic pathways differed significantly between the two groups, including the Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine biosynthesis, Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Nucleotide metabolism and Propanoate metabolism pathways (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Among the SZ group, the abundance of Succinivibrio was positively correlated with the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores (r = 0.24, p < 0.05, uncorrected) as well as the general PANSS scores (r = 0.22, p < 0.05, uncorrected); Corynebacterium was negatively related to the negative scores of PANSS (r = 0.22, p < 0.05, uncorrected).

Conclusions

Our findings provided evidence of altered gut microbial composition in SZ group. In addition, we found that Succinvibrio and Corynebacterium were associated with the severity of symptoms for the first time, which may provide some new biomarkers for the diagnosis of SZ.
GIS-Based Climate Change Induced Flood Risk Mapping in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga Obot Akpan , Idehen Osaretin Friday
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Flood is one of the climate change induced hazards occurring in most parts of the world. It exposes humanity and many socio-ecological systems to various levels of risks. In Nigeria, extreme rainfall events and poor drainage system have caused inundation of several settlements to flooding. To contain the disaster, risk mapping were among the measures recommended.

Aims: The aim of this paper is to highlight flood risk zones (FRZ) in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area (LGA), Edo State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Flood risk (FR) was mapped using hazards and vulnerability and implemented using geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria analysis analytic hierarchy process (MCA-AHP) framework by incorporating seven environmental and two socio-economic factors. Elevation, flow accumulation, soil water index of wettest quarter, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall of wettest quarter, runoff of wettest quarter and distance from rivers constituted the hazard component while population density and area of agricultural land use was the vulnerability layer. The climate change induced flood risk was validated using the responses of 150 residents in high, moderate and low flood risk zones.

Results: The resulting flood risk map indicated that about 40.4% of Uhunmwonde LGA fell within high flood risk zone, 35.3% was categorized under moderate flood risk zone whereas low flood risk zone extended up to about 24.3% of the LGA. The high number of respondents who reported occurrence of flooding with frequency being very often and the fact that flooding was a very serious environmental threat during on-the-spot field assessment validated the generated climate change induced flood risk.

Conclusion: The utilitarian capabilities of GIS-based MCA-AHP framework in integrating remotely-sensed biophysical and climate change related flood inducing indicators with socio-economic vulnerabilities to arrive at composite flood risk was demonstrated.
Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract Effect as an Option of Treatment of Ibuprofen-induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu , Ozioko Onyinye Mary , Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Bello Elizabeth Finbarrs- , Ozioko Uche Sebastine , Egbo Franklin
Published: July 2020

Aim: This study investigated the curative effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica on Ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat

Study Design: This is an experimental research

Place of Research: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.

Methodology: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 was control and received oral normal saline 0.5 ml daily. Group 2-6 had induction of nephrotoxicity using oral Ibuprofen 400 mg/Kg daily for 5 days. Group 3-5 were subsequently treated with gavage Azadirachta indica leaf extract 200 mg/Kg, 400 mg/Kg and 800 mg/Kg, respectively, for 5 days. And Group 6 was treated with oral Vitamin E 1000 iu/kg for 5 days.

Results: Ibuprofen induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum creatinine level in group 2 (1.99 ± 0.83), when compared to 0.48 ± 0.07 obtained in group 1 (control), and Bowman’s capsule enlargement with glomerular degeneration observed in group 2. The serum creatinine levels progressively approached the level of that of the control in groups treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract, groups 3 (1.69 ± 0.52), 4 (0.69 ± 0.10) and 5 (0.49 ± 0.10). Also, the histoarchitecture progressively normalized to that of control with each increase in dose of the extract.

Conclusion: Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract administration led to the resolution of Ibuprofen-induced kidney injury in this study. Thus, it can serve as a treatment option for kidney injury resulting from ingestion of Ibuprofen, after the identification of the molecule responsible for this effect.
Tidal Rhythmites Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue Trough N. E. Nigeria
Authors: Shettima B. , Shettima B. , Bukar M. , Shettima B. , Kamale H. I. , Umaru A. O. , Yerima I. A.
Published: July 2020

Facies evaluation carried out on the Yolde Formation at Gabukka locality in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough was aimed at enacting its paleo-depositional environment. The formation at this locality revealed an intercalated succession of massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel laminated sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm). These successions developed a thinning and thickening stratigraphic profile depicting periodic rhythmic signatures indicating deposits of tidal rhythmites. Thickening rhythmic packages are reflective of a spring tide whereas thinning phases are indicative of neap tide. These depositional sequences are genetic to intense tides conditions, thus an indexing a tide dominated oceanographic within the course of development of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation.
Dermatophytes and Other Keratinophiic Fungi in Soils of Anguilla, British West Indies (BWI)
Authors: Giugnani Harish C. , Venketesan Kirtika
Published: July 2020

Aims: Keratinophilic fungi include dermatophytes and a variety of other fungi. Information on their occurrence in several Caribbean countries is scarce. This study investigates occurrence of dermatophytes and other keratinophiic fungi in soils of Anguilla, British West Indies (BWI) and emphasizes its public health significance.

Study design: Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla (BWI). One hundred and ten samples of soils from habitats in several localities in Anguilla were examined.

Methodology: The samples were processed by Vanbreuseghem’s hair-bait technique. Bits of fungal growth on hair-bates were cultured on Mycobiotic agar to get pure cultures. Identification of the isolates was accomplished by a detailed study of colonial characters and microscopical features of the isolates.

Results: Eighty-five isolates of keratinophilic fungi were recovered. The identified species included two geophilic dermatophytes, Micrsporum fulvum and M. gypseum and two species of Chrysosporium, namely Chrysosporium keratinophilum and C. indicum, M. fulvum was the predominant species being recovered from 35 (31.8%) of the soil samples followed by C. keratinophilum being isolated from 15.5% of the samples. M. gypseum was present in 8 (7.3%) of the samples. The prevalence of other species was as follows: C. indicum (13.6%), Chrysosporium spp. (4.5%) and Sepedonium spp. (4.5%).

Conclusion: The preponderance occurrence of M. fulvum over M. gypseum and that of C. keratinophilum over C. indicum in soils of Anguilla is a remarkable observation. The farmers, other workers, school children who come in contact with soil are likely to be infected with a dermatophytes and also the visitors to the beaches and the local population nearby.
Enabling conditions for the implementation and conservation outcomes of a private nature reserve
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Rey Benayas José María , Solís Pedro , Sierra José María
Published: July 2020

Expanding conservation efforts to private land is paramount to halt biodiversity loss and achieve global conservation targets. Individual landowners can play disproportionately important roles by establishing private parks and managing them with biodiversity‐focused objectives. However, several constraints hinder the expansion of such initiatives, and little is known about their extent, characteristics and keys for success.

Here, we provide insights on the conditions that favoured the establishment and conservation outcomes of a private reserve in central Spain whose management has been fully conservation‐oriented for the past two decades. We report on the actions implemented to accomplish four key targets that aimed at protecting and enhancing wildlife populations, and on the landholder's motivations to devote his personal resources to pursue this goal.

After acquiring the land, the landowner has made efforts to restore native wildlife populations after decades of poaching and intensive cattle raising. Key actions included re‐establishing degraded vegetation and fostering keystone rabbit populations to sustain carnivore populations. Water bodies are maintained to provide drinking points and foster aquatic animal populations; nest boxes target birds and bats. Many actions resulted from advice from multiple stakeholders, including public administration officers, academics, local residents and NGOs. The estate's formal conservation status has made it a partner in major conservation projects, including repeated releases of captively bred Iberian lynx. The landowner's determination for long‐term conservation was formalised through a legal protected‐area status.

The condition that drove the creation of the reserve was the landowner's intrinsic motivation, which resulted from conservation ethic, personal identity and the desire to share and educate about the multiple values of nature. Additionally, several external conditions, such as accessibility and appropriate reserve size (biophysical conditions), the lack of need for economic activities (economic), a positive and pro‐active relationship with multiple stakeholders (social‐cultural), the protected‐area status and the capacity to make decisions independently (governance‐related), have helped sustain the project.

The landholder suggests that public policy should reduce the bureaucratic burden to intrinsically motivated landowners and provide them technical advice, trust and financial incentives to expand conservation on private land.
Enrichment Strategy for Systemic Sclerosis Clinical Trials Targeting Skin Fibrosis: A Prospective, Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Mihai Carina , Dobrota Rucsandra , Assassi Shervin , Mayes Maureen D. , Distler Oliver
Published: July 2020

Objective

The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is often used as a primary outcome measure in systemic sclerosis (SSc) randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Previous cohort studies with predominantly European Caucasian patients showed that setting an upper limit of mRSS as a selection criterion for RCTs leads effectively to enrichment with progressive patients. This study aimed to demonstrate this effect in an ethnically diverse cohort, rich in patients positive for anti‐RNA polymerase III antibodies (Pol3).

Methods

We selected from the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcomes Study (GENISOS) cohort patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), who had mRSS of 7 or more at inclusion and a documented mRSS after 12 ± 2 months. Progression of skin fibrosis was defined as an increase in mRSS greater than 5 points and 25% or more from baseline. To identify the optimal cutoff for the baseline mRSS yielding the highest sensitivity for progressive skin fibrosis, we developed ROC curves and logistic regression models with “progression” as the outcome variable and a binary variable of baseline mRSS cutoff point as predictor.

Results

We included 152 patients (age and disease duration [mean ± SD, years]: 48.7 ± 13.0 and 2.4 ± 1.5 respectively, 22.4% males, 34.2% Pol3‐positive). Seventeen patients (11.2%) had skin fibrosis progression after 12 ± 2 months. An mRSS cutoff of 27 or less had the highest probability of progression (odds ratio, 9.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.173‐70.851; P = 0.035; area under the curve, 0.652; sensitivity, 94%).

Conclusion

We demonstrated in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with early dcSSc and with a high proportion of patients who are Pol3‐positive that setting an upper limit of the mRSS as a selection criterion leads effectively to cohort enrichment with progressors.
Impedimetric Detection and Electromediated Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Using Microfabricated Biosensors for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Bussooa Anubhav , Hoare Daniel , Kirimi Mahmut T. , Mitra Srinjoy , Mirzai Nosrat , Neale Steve L. , Mercer John R.
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant global burden with 1‐in‐3 of all deaths attributable to the consequences of the disease. The main cause is blocked arteries which often remain undetected. Implantable medical devices (IMDs) such as stents and grafts are often used to reopen vessels but over time these too will re‐block. A vascular biosensor is developed that can report on cellularity and is amenable to being mounted on a stent or graft for remote reporting. Moreover, the device is designed to also receive currents that can induce a controlled form of cell death, apoptosis. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic biosensor would be transformational for the treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and central line access. In this work, a cell sensing and cell apoptosing system based on the same interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) is developed. It is shown that the device is scalable and that by miniaturizing the IDEs, the detection sensitivity is increased. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is monitored using continuous impedance measurements at a frequency of 10 kHz and rates of cell death are tracked using fluorescent dyes and live cell imaging.
Soybean maturity group and planting date influence grain yield and nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Ortel Carrie C. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hoegenauer Kyle A. , Purcell Larry C. , Slaton Nathan A. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: July 2020

Manipulation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] maturity group (MG) and planting date will increase the yield of a soybean crop while simultaneously influencing the potential soil‐nitrogen (N) credits. Variations in N returned to the soil by soybean can significantly affect the amount of fertilizer‐N needed for the subsequent crop. Four soybean MGs (3.5, 4.7, 5.4, and 5.6) were evaluated at optimal and late planting dates in Arkansas. Grain yield was significantly different among MGs in 2016 (P = .0012) and 2017 (P = .0004), with the 4.7 MG consistently yielding the highest at 3,232 kg ha−1. Plant total aboveground N uptake (TNU) increased with increasing grain yield (P = .0167) and was significantly higher when planted in an optimal planting window (P = .0004). The N removed from the cropping system through grain harvest (147–201 kg N ha−1) was significantly different among MGs in 2016 (P < .0001) and in 2017 was significantly influenced by the planting date × MG interaction (P = .0397). The net N returned to the soil through unharvested biomass (24–75 kg N ha−1) was not influenced by planting date (P = .7796) or MG (P = .3475); however, net N returned decreased as grain yield increased (P = .0522). An optimum planting date of a well‐adapted soybean MG produces the highest grain yield, TNU, and N removed from the cropping system, identifying a relationship that allows producers to achieve maximum profitability while minimizing inputs to the whole farm system.
Epidemiology, clinical picture and long‐term outcomes ofFIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia: Data from 151 patients
Authors: Rohmer Julien , Couteau‐Chardon Amélie , Trichereau Julie , Panel Kewin , Gesquiere Cyrielle , Ben Abdelali Raouf , Bidet Audrey , Bladé Jean‐Sébastien , Cayuela Jean‐Michel , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Cottin Vincent , Delabesse Eric , Ebbo Mikaël , Fain Olivier , Flandrin Pascale , Galicier Lionel , Godon Catherine , Grardel Nathalie , Guffroy Aurélien , Hamidou Mohamed , Hunault Mathilde , Lengline Etienne , Lhomme Faustine , Lhermitte Ludovic , Machelart Irène , Mauvieux Laurent , Mohr Catherine , Mozicconacci Marie‐Joelle , Naguib Dina , Nicolini Franck E. , Rey Jerome , Rousselot Philippe , Tavitian Suzanne , Terriou Louis , Lefèvre Guillaume , Preudhomme Claude , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Groh Matthieu ,   CEREO and GBMHM collaborators
Published: July 2020

FIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia (F/P+ MN‐eo) is a rare disease: robust epidemiological data are lacking and reported issues are scarce, of low sample‐size and limited follow‐up. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is highly efficient but no predictive factor of relapse after discontinuation has yet been identified. One hundred and fifty‐one patients with F/P+ MN‐eo (143 males; mean age at diagnosis 49 years; mean annual incidence: 0.18 case per million population) were included in this retrospective nationwide study involving all French laboratories who perform the search of F/P fusion gene (study period: 2003‐2019). The main organs involved included the spleen (44%), skin (32%), lungs (30%), heart (19%) and central nervous system (9%). Serum vitamin B12 and tryptase levels were elevated in 74/79 (94%) and 45/57 (79%) patients, respectively, and none of the 31 patients initially treated with corticosteroids achieved complete hematologic remission. All 148 (98%) IM‐treated patients achieved complete hematologic and molecular (when tested, n = 84) responses. Forty‐six patients eventually discontinued IM, among whom 20 (57%) relapsed. In multivariate analysis, time to IM initiation (continuous HR: 1,01 [0.99‐1,03];P= .05) and duration of IM treatment (continuous HR: 0,97 [0,95‐0,99];P= .004) were independent factors of relapse after discontinuation of IM. After a mean follow‐up of 80 (56) months, the 1, 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates in IM‐treated patients were 99%, 95% and 84% respectively. In F/P+ MN‐eo, prompt initiation of IM and longer treatment durations may prevent relapses after discontinuation of IM.
Historical antecedents and recent innovations in pitheciid (titi, saki, and uakari) feeding ecology
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A.
Published: July 2020

The modern pitheciids (titis, sakis, and uakaris) of northern South America represent one of the earliest radiations of platyrrhines and demonstrate morphological adaptations and ecological strategies for seed eating. While seeds can provide reliable resources for relatively long periods of time, they are often well protected by thick husks and hard seed coverings. Seeds also tend to be rich in lipids, but they may also be high in indigestible fiber. Even though seed eaters are found in each major primate radiation, only the pitheciids demonstrate primary adaptations for eating seeds. In this partly historical, partly contemporary review, I examine the ecological and anatomical correlates of seed eating. It is dedicated to two well‐known field primatologists: ecologist and conservationist J. Márcio Ayres; and anatomist and ecologist Warren G. Kinzey. Using observations in Kinzey (1992,Am J Phys Anthropol, 88, pp. 499–514) as a framework, I provide context and analysis for the intervening three decades of pitheciid research to identify what we know about this understudied group of primates and propose directions for future work.
Assessing patterns of variation in BV/TV in the calcaneus and C2 vertebra of Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and populations of Homo sapiens from the Pleistocene and Holocene that differ in physical activity levels
Authors: Addison Brian J. , Lieberman Daniel E.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Because trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) is influenced by variations in physical activity recent declines in BV/TV in humans are often attributed to modern sedentary lifestyles. This study tests the hypothesis that presumed variations in mechanical loading between groups can predict the observed BV/TV patterns in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas in two bones: the calcaneus which experiences high and well characterized impact forces, and the C2 vertebrae which experiences reduced locomotor forces.

Materials and methods

BV/TV and other structural variables were quantified from high‐resolution microCT scans in gorillas, chimpanzees, and four Homo sapiens populations: Pleistocene, semi‐sedentary Natufians; Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Point Hope, Alaska; Holocene nomadic pastoralists from medieval Europe; and modern, sedentary Americans.

Results

In the calcaneal tuberosity, Natufian BV/TV was 36, 46, and 46% greater than Alaskans (p = .02), Europeans (p = .005) and modern Americans (p = .002), respectively, but not significantly different from apes. BV/TV was not significantly different between modern Americans and Alaskans or Europeans. In the C2, Natufian BV/TV was 53 and 25% greater than in the Alaskan (p = .0001) and European (p = .048) populations.

Discussion

These results suggest that phenomena other than or in addition to variations in physical activity are needed to explain BV/TV patterns observed in H. sapiens, and point to a systemic decline in H. sapiens BV/TV after the Pleistocene.
X‐ray Crystallographic Observation of Chiral Transformations within a Metal–Peptide Pore
Authors: Saito Ami , Sawada Tomohisa , Fujita Makoto
Published: July 2020

Porous metal complexes enable single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic observation of included guests or reaction intermediates through simple soaking with the guests/substrates. Previous studies on this technique have often encountered difficulties in the observation of chiral structures because the host frameworks had no chirality. We synthesized a new metal–peptide porous complex through a folding‐and‐assembly strategy and utilized the chiral pore for trapping chiral guests. Chiral alcohols and ketones were successfully included within the pore. Crystallographic analyses clearly revealed not only their chemical structures but also chiral transformation events within the pore such as fixed conformations or an unstable hemiacetal formation.
Toward Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Zeolites: A Rational Strategy for Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of STW‐Type Zeolite
Authors: Shinno Yuki , Iyoki Kenta , Ohara Koji , Yanaba Yutaka , Naraki Yusuke , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru
Published: July 2020

The STW‐type zeolite is attractive for developing novel enantioselective syntheses/separation of chiral compounds because it is the only chiral zeolitic microporous material whose enantioenriched synthesis has been achieved. In addition to the conventional industries in which zeolites are used, STW should have diverse industrial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, the toxic and caustic fluoride required for synthesizing STW severely hinders its commercialization by mass production. Herein, we report the first example of fluoride‐free STW synthesis, in which the two roles of fluoride—formation of a zeolitic framework rich in tetravalent T‐atoms and promotion of double 4‐membered ring unit formation—were substituted by dry gel conversion and Ge addition, respectively. The STW obtained was highly crystalline, with a similar micropore volume and thermal stability as those of original fluoride‐based STW. Our approach is promising not only for the fluoride‐free synthesis of enantiomeric STW but also for general fluoride‐free syntheses.
Molecular Ferroelectrics‐Driven High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Li , Xiao Ling‐Bo , Zhao Jie , Pan Bing‐Kun , Li Jun , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zou Gui‐Fu
Published: July 2020

The nonradiative recombination of electrons and holes has been identified as the main cause of energy loss in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Sufficient built‐in field and defect passivation can facilitate effective separation of electron–hole pairs to address the crucial issues. For the first time, we introduce a homochiral molecular ferroelectric into a PSC to enlarge the built‐in electric field of the perovskite film, thereby facilitating effective charge separation and transportation. As a consequence of similarities in ionic structure, the molecular ferroelectric component of the PSC passivates the defects in the active perovskite layers, thereby inducing an approximately eightfold enhancement in photoluminescence intensity and reducing electron trap‐state density. The photovoltaic molecular ferroelectric PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency as high as 21.78 %.
Hochkooperatives Photoschalten in Dihydropyren‐Dimeren
Authors: Liesfeld Pauline , Garmshausen Yves , Budzak Simon , Becker Jonas , Dallmann André , Jacquemin Denis , Hecht Stefan
Published: July 2020

Wir präsentieren eine Strategie für hochkooperatives Photoschalten, bei dem das anfängliche Schaltereignis den nachfolgenden Schaltprozess der benachbarten Einheit erheblich erleichtert. Durch die Verknüpfung von Donor/Akzeptor‐substituierten Dihydropyrenen über geeignete π‐konjugierte Brücken wird die Quantenausbeute für den zweiten photochemischen Ringöffnungsprozess im Vergleich zur ersten Ringöffnung um mehr als zwei Größenordnungen erhöht. Infolgedessen kann der intermediäre Zustand während der Photoisomerisierung nicht erfasst werden, obwohl er während der thermischen Rückreaktion beobachtet wird. Der Vergleich experimenteller und theoretischer Ergebnisse verschiedener Dimere trug dazu bei, die Rolle der Brückeneinheit, die die beiden photochromen Einheiten verbindet, zu entschlüsseln. Das vorgestellte Dihydropyren‐Dimer dient als Modellsystem für längere kooperative Schaltketten, die prinzipiell eine effiziente und direktionale Informationsübertragung entlang eines molekular definierten Weges eröffnen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht unser Konzept die Erhöhung der Lichtempfindlichkeit in oligomeren und polymeren Systemen und deren Materialien.
A Truxenone‐based Covalent Organic Framework as an All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode with High Capacity
Authors: Yang Xiye , Hu Yiming , Dunlap Nathan , Wang Xubo , Huang Shaofeng , Su Zhiping , Sharma Sandeep , Jin Yinghua , Huang Fei , Wang Xiaohui , Lee Se‐hee , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

All‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are ideal for energy storage given their safety and long‐term stability. However, there is a limited availability of viable electrode active materials. Herein, we report a truxenone‐based covalent organic framework (COF‐TRO) as cathode materials for all‐solid‐state LIBs. The high‐density carbonyl groups combined with the ordered crystalline COF structure greatly facilitate lithium ion storage via reversible redox reactions. As a result, a high specific capacity of 268 mAh g−1, almost 97.5 % of the calculated theoretical capacity was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest capacity among all COF‐based cathode materials for all‐solid‐state LIBs reported so far. Moreover, the excellent cycling stability (99.9 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.1 C rate) shown by COF‐TRO suggests such truxenone‐based COFs have great potential in energy storage applications.
Maßgeschneiderte Synthese von Graphennanostrukturen mit Zickzack‐Rändern
Authors: Liu Junzhi , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2020

Experimentelle und theoretische Studien haben die starke Abhängigkeit der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Graphens von seiner Topologie nachgewiesen. Daher ist die atomgenaue Synthese von Graphennanostrukturen essenziell. Ein besonderes Beispiel sind Nanographene mit Zickzack‐Muster in ihrer Randstruktur. Durch ihre spinpolarisierten Zustände an den Ecken zeigen sie einzigartige (opto)elektronische und magnetische Eigenschaften. Die Entwicklung neuer Syntheserouten, Strategien und Analysemethoden gibt Zugang zu dieser beispiellosen Klasse von Graphennanostrukturen, die bis dato nur rechnerisch zugänglich waren. Dies ermöglicht tiefe Einblicke in die Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen sowie die Erschließung neuer Anwendungen in der organischen, kohlenstoffbasierten Elektronik und Spintronik. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die neuesten Entwicklungen bei der kontrollierten Synthese von Zickzack‐Graphennanostrukturen verschiedener Topologien durch Bottom‐up‐Synthese diskutiert.
Idiosyncratic Ag7Pt2O7: An Electron Imprecise yet Diamagnetic Small Band Gap Oxide
Authors: Thakur Gohil S. , Dinnebier Robert , Hansen Thomas C. , Assenmacher Wilfried , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin
Published: July 2020

The seminal qualitative concepts of chemical bonding, as presented by Walter Kossel and Gilbert Newton Lewis back in 1916, have lasting general validity. These basic rules of chemical valence still serve as a touchstone for validating the plausibility of composition and constitution of a given chemical compound. We report on Ag7Pt2O7, with a composition that violates the basic rules of chemical valence and an exotic crystal structure. The first coordination sphere of platinum is characteristic of tetravalent platinum. Thus, the electron count corresponds to Ag7Pt2O7*e−, where excess electrons are associated with the silver substructure. Such conditions given, it is commonly assumed that the excess electrons are either itinerant or localized in Ag−Ag bonds. However, the material does not show metallic conductivity, nor does the structure feature Ag‐Ag pairs. Instead, the excess electrons organize themselves in 2e−4c bonds within the silver substructure. This subvalent silver oxide reveals a new general facet pertinent to silver chemistry.
Tuning the Reactivity of a Heterogeneous Catalyst using N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for C−H Activation Reactions
Authors: Palazzolo Alberto , Naret Timothée , Daniel‐Bertrand Marion , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Tricard Simon , Lesot Philippe , Coppel Yannick , Chaudret Bruno , Feuillastre Sophie , Pieters Grégory
Published: July 2020

We report the dramatic impact of the addition of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on the reactivity and selectivity of heterogeneous Ru catalysts in the context of C−H activation reactions. Using a simple and robust method, we prepared a series of new air‐stable catalysts starting from commercially available Ru on carbon (Ru/C) and differently substituted NHCs. Associated with C−H deuteration processes, depending on Ru/C‐NHC ratios, the chemical outcome can be controlled to a large extent. Indeed, tuning the reactivity of the Ru catalyst with NHC enabled: 1) increased chemoselectivity and the regioselectivity for the deuteration of alcohols in organic media; 2) the synthesis of fragile pharmaceutically relevant deuterated heterocycles (azine, purine) that are otherwise completely reduced using unmodified commercial catalysts; 3) the discovery of a novel reactivity for such heterogeneous Ru catalysts, namely the selective C‐1 deuteration of aldehydes.
Controlling the Oxidation State of Pt Single Atoms for Maximizing Catalytic Activity
Authors: Jeong Hojin , Shin Dongjae , Kim Beom‐Sik , Bae Junemin , Shin Sangyong , Choe Chanyeong , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: July 2020

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as promising materials in heterogeneous catalysis. Previous studies reported controversial results about the relative level in activity for SACs and nanoparticles (NPs). These works have focused on the effect of metal atom arrangement, without considering the oxidation state of the SACs. Here, we immobilized Pt single atoms on defective ceria and controlled the oxidation state of Pt SACs, from highly oxidized (Pt0: 16.6 at %) to highly metallic states (Pt0: 83.8 at %). The Pt SACs with controlled oxidation states were then employed for oxidation of CO, CH4, or NO, and their activities compared with those of Pt NPs. The highly oxidized Pt SACs presented poorer activities than Pt NPs, whereas metallic Pt SACs showed higher activities. The Pt SAC reduced at 300 °C showed the highest activity for all the oxidations. The Pt SACs with controlled oxidation states revealed a crucial missing link between activity and SACs.