bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Footprint of a Large Yellow Croaker Mariculture Models Based on Life-Cycle Assessment
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Gui Feng , Zhou Qian , Cai Huiwen , Xu Kaida , Zhao Sheng
Published: April 2023

According to the life-cycle assessment method, in this study, we took the traditional plate cage (TPC) mariculture and deep water wind wave-resistant cage (DWWWRC) mariculture of large yellow croaker in China as the research object. We counted and calculated the carbon footprint of the whole life cycle of large yellow croaker cultured in Zhoushan. By analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two according to a perspective of carbon emissions, we found that the carbon footprint of DWWWRC was smaller than that of TPC, which is more suitable for China’s large yellow croaker mariculture. We proposed corresponding measures to reduce carbon emissions, such as using clean energy, extending cage life, and improving feed utilization. This study fills the gap in the current research direction of the carbon footprint of large yellow croaker farming in China and provides strong technical support for the sustainable development of China’s large yellow croaker cage farming industry.
Microplastics in Harbour Seawaters: A Case Study in the Port of Gdynia, Baltic Sea
Authors: Dereszewska Alina , Krasowska Katarzyna , Popek Marzenna
Published: April 2023

An important source of microplastics (MPs) in the Baltic Sea waters is plastic waste, which is fragmented in the natural environment. The pilot research on the identification of microplastics in the surface waters of the Port of Gdynia is presented. In this paper, microplastics of particle sizes 0.3–5 mm in harbour seawaters were investigated. Microplastics were collected from five harbour basins using an unmanned mobile research unit, HydroDron-1. Sampling of microplastics on the surface port water was conducted over four seasons. The collected plastic particles were separated by chemical oxidation and flotation in the NaCl solution (density 1.2 g/cm3). Polymer identification was carried out by visual and microscopic observations, as well as using the Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Based on tows conducted in five basins of the Port of Gdynia, in total, the concentration of microplastics identified ranged from 0.082 mg/m3 to 0.524 mg/m3, depending on the investigated basin. Four groups of microplastic shapes (fragments, films, fibres and spheres) were detected in all the investigated harbour basins. Fragments and fibres were prevalent when categorised by particle shape, whereas when categorised by colour, transparent, white and black particles were dominant. The predominant type of the identified polymers was polyolefins (PE, PP, PS) and their derivatives.
Corporate Sustainability Communication as ‘Fake News’: Firms’ Greenwashing on Twitter
Authors: Oppong-Tawiah Divinus , Webster Jane
Published: April 2023

Fake news on social media has engulfed the world of politics in recent years and is now posing the same threat in other areas, such as corporate social responsibility communications. This study examines this phenomenon in the context of firms’ deceptive communications concerning environmental sustainability, usually referred to as greenwashing. We first develop and validate a new method for automatically identifying greenwashing, using linguistic cues in a sample of tweets from a diverse set of firms in two highly polluting industries. We then examine the relationship between greenwashing and financial market performance for the firms in our sample. Prior research has identified these issues as some of the most important gaps in the extant literature. By addressing them, we make several important contributions to corporate sustainability research and practice, as well as introducing notable improvements to automatic greenwashing detection methods.
Daily Semiparametric GARCH Model Estimation Using Intraday High-Frequency Data
Authors: Chai Fangrou , Li Yuan , Zhang Xingfa , Chen Zhongxiu
Published: April 2023

The GARCH model is one of the most influential models for characterizing and predicting fluctuations in economic and financial studies. However, most traditional GARCH models commonly use daily frequency data to predict the return, correlation, and risk indicator of financial assets, without taking data with other frequencies into account. Hence, financial market information may not be sufficiently applied to the estimation of GARCH-type models. To partially solve this problem, this paper introduces intraday high-frequency data to improve estimation of the volatility function of a semiparametric GARCH model. To achieve this objective, a semiparametric volatility proxy model was proposed, which includes both symmetric and asymmetric cases. Under mild conditions, the asymptotic normality of estimators was established. Furthermore, we also discuss the impact of different volatility proxies on estimation precision. Both the simulation and empirical results showed that estimation of the volatility function could be improved by the introduction of high-frequency data.
Exploring the Intersection of Lattice Attacks and Blockchain Technology: A Heuristic Approach Using TPM2.0 ECDSA to Ascertain and Approach the Boundary
Authors: Zhao Baohua , Zhang Xiao , Wang Zhihao , Wang Shucai , Yu Fajiang , Jia Yaomin
Published: April 2023

Lattice attacks can compromise the security of encryption algorithms used in blockchain networks, allowing attackers to tamper with transaction records, steal private keys, and execute other forms of attacks. With symmetric encryption, both parties can encrypt and decrypt messages using the same key. Lattice attacks on digital signature algorithms (ECDSA) involve forming a basis and setting a target vector from signatures, then solving the closest vector problem (CVP) or shortest vector problem (SVP) in the generated lattice to obtain the private key. Prior research focused on obtaining leakage information from the signature’s random nonce to facilitate a CVP or SVP solution. This study establishes a clear boundary for a successful ECDSA attack and introduces a “double basis” lattice version that expands the boundary or reduces the necessary signatures by nearly half with the same lattice rank. To approach the boundary, a heuristic strategy is employed to shift the target vector in different directions with a feasible step size, using tests on the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 ECDSA. The distance from the closest moved target vector to the boundary is reduced by a ratio of 424 to 179 to the minimal length of orthogonal vectors in the formed basis. Experimental results show that moving attempts in two directions with the original basis and 84 signatures take approximately 247.7 s on the experiment computer.
Computational Investigation of a Tibial Implant Using Topology Optimization and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kladovasilakis Nikolaos , Bountourelis Theologos , Tsongas Konstantinos , Tzetzis Dimitrios
Published: April 2023

Additive manufacturing methods enable the rapid fabrication of fully functional customized objects with complex geometry and lift the limitations of traditional manufacturing techniques, such as machining. Therefore, the structural optimization of parts has concentrated increased scientific interest and more especially for topology optimization (TO) processes. In this paper, the working principles and the two approaches of the TO procedures were analyzed along with an investigation and a comparative study of a novel case study for the TO processes of a tibial implant designed for additive manufacturing (DfAM). In detail, the case study focused on the TO of a tibial implant for knee replacement surgery in order to improve the overall design and enhance its efficiency and the rehabilitation process. An initial design of a customized tibial implant was developed utilizing reserve engineering procedures with DICOM files from a CT scan machine. The mechanical performance of the designed implant was examined via finite element analyses (FEA) under realistic static loads. The TO was conducted with two distinct approaches, namely density-based and discrete-based, to compare them and lead to the best approach for biomechanical applications. The overall performance of each approach was evaluated through FEA, and its contribution to the final mass reduction was measured. Through this study, the maximum reduction in the implant’s mass was achieved by maintaining the mechanical performance at the desired levels and the best approach was pointed out. To conclude, with the discrete-based approach, a mass reduction of around 45% was achieved, almost double of the density-based approach, offering on the part physical properties which provide comprehensive advantages for biomechanical application.
The Difference between Rhizosphere and Endophytic Bacteria on the Safe Cultivation of Lettuce in Cr-Contaminated Farmland
Authors: Wen Zheyu , Liu Qizhen , Yu Chao , Huang Lukuan , Liu Yaru , Xu Shun’an , Li Zhesi , Liu Chanjuan , Feng Ying
Published: April 2023

Chromium (Cr) is a major pollutant affecting the environment and human health and microbial remediation is considered to be the most promising technology for the restoration of the heavily metal-polluted soil. However, the difference between rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria on the potential of crop safety production in Cr-contaminated farmland is not clearly elucidated. Therefore, eight Cr-tolerant endophytic strains of three species: Serratia (SR-1~2), Lysinebacillus (LB-1~5) and Pseudomonas (PA-1) were isolated from rice and maize. Additionally, one Cr-tolerant strain of Alcaligenes faecalis (AF-1) was isolated from the rhizosphere of maize. A randomized group pot experiment with heavily Cr-contaminated (a total Cr concentration of 1020.18 mg kg−1) paddy clay soil was conducted and the effects of different bacteria on plant growth, absorption and accumulation of Cr in lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Hort) were compared. The results show that: (i) the addition of SR-2, PA-1 and LB-5 could promote the accumulation of plant fresh weight by 10.3%, 13.5% and 14.2%, respectively; (ii) most of the bacteria could significantly increase the activities of rhizosphere soil catalase and sucrase, among which LB-1 promotes catalase activity by 224.60% and PA-1 increases sucrase activity by 247%; (iii) AF-1, SR-1, LB-1, SR-2, LB-2, LB-3, LB-4 and LB-5 strains could significantly decrease shoot the Cr concentration by 19.2–83.6%. The results reveal that Cr-tolerant bacteria have good potential to reduce shoot Cr concentration at the heavily contaminated soil and endophytic bacteria have the same or even better effects than rhizosphere bacteria; this suggests that bacteria in plants are more ecological friendly than bacteria in soil, thus aiming to safely produce crops in Cr-polluted farmland and alleviate Cr contamination from the food chain.
Slice of Life: Porcine Kidney Slices for Testing Antifibrotic Drugs in a Transplant Setting
Authors: van Leeuwen L. Leonie , Ruigrok Mitchel J. R. , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Olinga Peter
Published: April 2023

Circulatory death donor (DCD) kidneys are increasingly used to enlarge the donor pool. These kidneys undergo ischemia-reperfusion injury, frequently leading to renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteases have been identified as central mediators of fibrosis and inhibition of these targets could attenuate fibrosis. We studied whether galunisertib, doxycycline, taurine, and febuxostat alleviated fibrosis in precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS). PCKS were prepared from porcine kidneys that were exposed to 30 min of warm ischemia followed by 3 h of oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion. We subsequently incubated PCKS for 48 h at 37 °C with the described compounds. To further elucidate the antifibrotic effects of galunisertib, we cultured PCKS with TGF-β1. We first screened the effects of the compounds without TGF-β1. Most significant effects were observed for galunisertib which lowered the expression of ACTA2, TGFB1, FN2, and SERPINE1. We then investigated the effects of galunisertib in fibrotic PCKS incubated with TGF-β1. TGF-β1 significantly increased expression of TGFB1, FN1, SERPINE1, and SERPINH1. Galunisertib, however, attenuated the expression of all fibrosis-related genes. Galunisertib appears to be a promising antifibrotic compound requiring further research in a preclinical model and may ultimately be administered during machine perfusion as an antifibrotic treatment in a transplant setting.
Detection of the Xanthi Chryso-like Virus in New Geographical Area and a Novel Arthropod Carrier
Authors: Jankovic Marko , Cirkovic Valentina , Stamenkovic Gorana , Loncar Ana , Todorovic Marija , Stanojevic Maja , Siljic Marina
Published: April 2023

Here, we report on a serendipitous finding of a chryso-like virus associated with Culex pipiens mosquitos in the course of study aimed to detect and characterize West Nile virus (WNV) circulating in mosquitos in Serbia, Southern Europe. Upon initial detection of unexpected product in a PCR protocol for partial WNV NS5 gene amplification, further confirmation and identification was obtained through additional PCR and Sanger sequencing experiments. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis identified the obtained sequences as Xanthi chryso-like virus (XCLV). The finding is particular for the fact that it associates XCLV with a new potential vector species and documents a novel geographical area of its distribution.
Quantum Fractionary Cosmology: K-Essence Theory
Authors: Socorro J. , Rosales J. Juan
Published: April 2023

Using a particular form of the quantum K-essence scalar field, we show that in the quantum formalism, a fractional differential equation in the scalar field variable, for some epochs in the Friedmann–Lemaı^tre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model (radiation and inflation-like epochs, for example), appears naturally. In the classical analysis, the kinetic energy of scalar fields can falsify the standard matter in the sense that we obtain the time behavior for the scale factor in all scenarios of our Universe by using the Hamiltonian formalism, where the results are analogous to those obtained by an algebraic procedure in the Einstein field equations with standard matter. In the case of the quantum Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) equation for the scalar field ϕ, a fractional differential equation of order β=2α2α−1 is obtained. This fractional equation belongs to different intervals, depending on the value of the barotropic parameter; that is to say, when ωX∈[0,1], the order belongs to the interval 1≤β≤2, and when ωX∈[−1,0), the order belongs to the interval 0<β≤1. The corresponding quantum solutions are also given.
Concluding Remarks for Special Issue HTLV-HIV Co-Infections
Authors: Vallejo Alejandro , Abad-Fernández María
Published: April 2023

During the early 1980s, the first 3 human retroviruses were identified: human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [...]
Comparison of Kinetics of Antibody Avidity and IgG Subclasses’ Response in Patients with COVID-19 and Healthy Individuals Vaccinated with the BNT162B2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech) mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Rastawicki Waldemar , Gierczyński Rafał , Zasada Aleksandra Anna
Published: April 2023

There are limited reports concerning the levels of antibodies in IgG subclasses and the avidity of IgG, which is the functional strength with which an antibody binds to an antigen in serum samples obtained at different times after infection or vaccination. This study investigated the kinetics of antibody avidity and the IgG antibody response within IgG1-IgG4 subclasses in individuals vaccinated with the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine and in COVID-19 patients. Serum samples were collected from individuals vaccinated with three doses of the BNT162B2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine and from unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. This study revealed that IgG1 was a dominating subclass of IgG both in COVID-19 patients and in vaccinated individuals. The level of IgG4 and IgG avidity significantly increased 7 months after the first two doses of the vaccine and then again after the third dose. IgG2 and IgG3 levels were low in most individuals. Investigating IgG avidity and the dynamics of IgG subclasses is essential for understanding the mechanisms of protection against viral infections, including COVID-19, especially in the context of immunization with innovative mRNA vaccines and the possible future development and application of mRNA technology.
Estimating Heat Stress Effects on the Sustainability of Traditional Freshwater Pond Fishery Systems under Climate Change
Authors: Orság Matěj , Meitner Jan , Fischer Milan , Svobodová Eva , Kopp Radovan , Mareš Jan , Spurný Petr , Pechar Libor , Beděrková Ivana , Hanuš Jan , Semerádová Daniela , Balek Jan , Radojičić Marija , Hanel Martin , Vizina Adam , Žalud Zdeněk , Trnka Miroslav
Published: April 2023

Freshwater fish production is significantly correlated with water temperature, which is expected to increase under climate change. This study evaluated changes in water temperature and their impact on productive ponds at fisheries in the Czech Republic. A model was developed to calculate surface water temperature based on the five-day mean of the air temperature and was then tested in several ponds in three major Czech fish production areas. The output of the surface water temperature model was compared with independently measured data (r = 0.79–0.96), and the verified model was then applied to predict climate change conditions. The results were evaluated with regard to the thresholds characterizing the water temperature requirements of fish species and indicated that the limitation of Czech fish farming results from (i) an increased number of continuous periods during which given fish species are threatened by high water temperatures and (ii) the extension of continuous periods with stressful water temperatures. For Czech fisheries, the model suggests a sharp increase in unprecedented temperature regimes, which will pose critical challenges to traditional forms of common carp farming within several decades. Although reducing the level of eutrophication and loading them with organic substances might alleviate expected threads, farming current fish species in deeper and colder ponds at higher elevations might be inevitable.
Experimental Study on Coastal Sediment Reinforcement by Induced Carbonate Precipitation by Different Enzyme Sources
Authors: Ding Rui , Wang Ziyu , Zhao Xiangyu , Cao Peng , Chen Xin , Chen Wenjing
Published: April 2023

Coastal erosion is increasing worldwide due to the increasing frequency of extreme natural phenomena and excessive human exploitation. In this study, a small model experiment was conducted to investigate the solidification effects of three enzyme sources—soybean urease, freshwater Bacillus pasteurella, and seawater domesticated Bacillus pasteurella—on coastal sediments and their impacts in a seawater environment. The solidifying effect of different enzyme sources was determined by measuring the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the cured specimen model. The influence of solidified seawater in a seawater environment was obtained by measuring the changes in the pH value, calcium ion concentration, and ammonia nitrogen content of solidified seawater. The results show that different enzyme sources have a certain strengthening effect on coastal sediments. The mechanical properties of coastal sediments can be enhanced by increasing the amount of enzyme solution or level of solidification and can effectively resist simulated flow erosion. Comparing the reinforcement effects of different enzyme sources, it can be seen. It was observed that Bacillus pasteurella acclimated in seawater had better reinforcement effects than Bacillus pasteurella fresh water, and Bacillus pasteurella fresh water had better reinforcement effects than soybean urease. In the seawater measurement tests, the solidification of coastal sediments using different enzyme sources led to a decrease in the seawater pH value, and the acidification of seawater dissolved the generated calcium carbonate, increased the concentration of calcium ions in seawater, and produced ammonia nitrogen as a byproduct in the seawater. It was observed that, compared with the other two enzyme source solutions, the seawater-domesticated Bacillus pasteurella can better adapt to the high-salt environment of seawater, microbial metabolism is not inhibited, urea decomposition ability is improved, and calcium carbonate production is higher, which can effectively improve the engineering characteristics of coastal sediments and play a positive role in coastal protection and development.
Toward a Better Understanding of Phosphorus Nonpoint Source Pollution from Soil to Water and the Application of Amendment Materials: Research Trends
Authors: Ge Xiaofei , Chen Xingyu , Liu Mingxin , Wang Chensi , Zhang Yingyu , Wang Yukai , Tran Huu-Tuan , Joseph Stephen , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2023

Phosphorus (P) nonpoint source pollution from soil to water is increasing dramatically, leading to the eutrophication of water bodies. Using amendment materials for P retention in soil is a promising strategy for environmental restoration and nonpoint source pollution management. This strategy has attracted significant attention because of its highly effective P retention. This study reviews management strategies of P nonpoint pollution from soil to water, including the basic P forms and accumulation situation in soil and P loss from soil to water. Recent advances in the use of amendment materials, such as inorganic, organic, and composite amendment materials, to mitigate P pollution from soil to water have also been summarized. Environmental risks of reloss of P retention in soil with different soil properties and water conditions have also been investigated. This review improves the understanding of P nonpoint source pollution from soil to water, providing an innovative perspective for the large-scale application of amendment materials to control water eutrophication.
3D CFD Study of Scour in Combined Wave–Current Flows around Rectangular Piles with Varying Aspect Ratios
Authors: Dutta Debasish , Afzal Mohammad Saud , Alhaddad Said
Published: April 2023

This study utilizes three-dimensional simulations to investigate scour in combined wave–current flows around rectangular piles with various aspect ratios. The simulation model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations using the k–ω turbulence model, and couples the Exner equation to compute bed elevation changes. The model also employs the level-set approach to realistically capture the free surface, and couples a hydrodynamic module with a morphological module to simulate the scour process. The morphological module employs a modified critical bed shear stress formula on a sloping bed and a sand-slide algorithm for erosion and deposition calculations in the sediment bed. To validate the numerical model, simulations are conducted in a truncated numerical wave tank with the Dirichlet boundary condition and active wave absorption method. After validation, the numerical model is used to investigate the effect of aspect ratio and the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number on scour depth in a combined wave–current environment. The study finds that the normalized scour depth is highest for a rectangular pile with an aspect ratio of 2:1 and lowest for an aspect ratio of 1:2. The maximum normalized scour depth (S/D) for aspect ratios of 2:1 are 0.151, 0.218, and 0.323 for KC numbers 3.9, 5.75, and 10, respectively, whereas the minimum normalized scour depth (S/D) for aspect ratios of 1:2 are 0.132, 0.172, and 0.279. Additionally, the research demonstrates that the normalized scour depth increases with an increase in the KC number for a fixed wave–current parameter (Ucw).
The Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Process and Water Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Sun Yidian , Zhang Wanshun , Peng Hong , Zhou Feng , Jiang Anna , Chen Xiaomin , Wang Hao
Published: April 2023

With the intensification of climate change, understanding the impacts of climate change on the water cycle is vital for integrated watershed management. Based on the precipitation and temperature data from 1980 to 2018, the climatic change characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were analyzed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of runoff and water quality. The result indicated that precipitation showed clear inter-annual fluctuation, and the maximum and minimum temperatures showed an increasing trend with rates of 0.38 °C/10a and 0.29 °C/10a, respectively. The moving averages revealed that the annual averages of runoff, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend, which experienced strong inter-annual fluctuations. The hydrological processes changed significantly at different spatial scales, and the most affected area was the middle and head of reservoir area. The highest correlation was found between precipitation and runoff (0.91), followed by TP (0.81), and TN (0.60), while extreme precipitation could result in a high probability of water pollution events. These findings provide useful information to support the utilization of water resources, especially in the face of strong climate change impacts.
A Method for Monthly Extreme Precipitation Forecasting with Physical Explanations
Authors: Yang Binlin , Chen Lu , Singh Vijay P. , Yi Bin , Leng Zhiyuan , Zheng Jie , Song Qiao
Published: April 2023

Monthly extreme precipitation (EP) forecasts are of vital importance in water resources management and storage behind dams. Machine learning (ML) is extensively used for forecasting monthly EP, and improvements in model performance have been a popular issue. The innovation of this study is summarized as follows. First, a distance correlation-Pearson correlation (DC-PC) method was proposed to identify the complex nonlinear relationship between global sea surface temperature (SST) and EP and select key input factors from SST. Second, a random forest (RF) model was used for forecasting monthly EP, and the physical mechanism of EP was obtained based on the feature importance (FI) of RF and DC–PC relationship. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) were selected as a case study, and monthly EP in summer (June, July and August) was forecasted. Furthermore, the physical mechanism between key predictors with a large proportion of FI and EP was investigated. Results showed that the proposed model had high accuracy and robustness, in which R2 in the test period was above 0.81, and RMSE as well as MAE were below 10 mm. Meanwhile, the key predictors in the high SST years could cause eastward extension of the South Asian High, westward extension of the Western Pacific Subtropical High, water vapor rising motion and an increase in the duration of atmospheric rivers exceeding 66 h, which lead to increasing EP in the MLYR. The results indicated that the DC–PC method could replace Pearson correlation for investigating the nonlinear relationship between SST and EP, as well as for selecting the factors. Further, the key predictors that account for a large proportion of FI can be used for explaining the physical mechanism of EP and directing forecasts.
Concept for Digital Product Twins in Battery Cell Production
Authors: Kampker Achim , Heimes Heiner Hans , Dorn Benjamin , Clever Henning , Ludwigs Robert , Li Ruiyan , Drescher Marcel
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an approach for the design and derivation for establishing a digital product twin for battery cells. A digital product twin is a virtual replica of a physical battery cell and can be used to predict and optimize quality properties and performance in real-time. The study focuses on pouch cell manufacturing and aims to map the large amount and variety of process information down to purchased parts and interim products. The approach for this study was to collect and analyze data from the physical production process and use this information to structure a digital battery product twin based on its product architecture. The main findings of this study indicate that a digital product twin can be effectively structured and implemented in a digital interface based on its product architecture in combination with data from the physical production process. The results of this study show the potential of digital product twins, in which statements about material, design, and behavior can be made using real information from production. Further research will focus on the practical application and implementation of digital product twins in a battery cell pilot production.
Emission Reduction via Fossil Fuel Subsidy Removal and Carbon Pricing, Creating Synergies with Revenue Recycling
Authors: Bassi Andrea Marcello , Pallaske Georg , Bridle Richard , Bajaj Kavya
Published: April 2023

The removal of fossil fuel subsidies and the introduction of carbon pricing have been discussed for more than a decade, but their potential contribution to emission reduction is still uncertain, especially in relation to the potential indirect impact of revenue recycling. We have created a simulation model, GSI-IF, designed to assess the emission reduction potential resulting from removing fossil fuel subsidies and recycling part of the avoided subsidy and additional revenue from carbon pricing to renewable energy and energy efficiency. Our results show that emissions could decline by 7.1% in 2030 and up to 19.8% in 2050 compared to a baseline scenario. We find that subsidy removal is most effective in reducing emissions in countries with a high incidence of fossil fuel subsidies and it has stronger impact in the short term. The recycling of carbon pricing is most relevant for larger economies and its impact accumulates over time, generating growing GHG reductions year after year. In the current context (year 2022) with high energy prices, heavy stress on fiscal balances, and the renewed ambition of most governments to reduce emissions toward Net Zero in 2050, subsidy removal and carbon pricing hold promise in the toolbox of decarbonization options while improving fiscal sustainability.
Modelo expertones para disminuir la morosidad de cartera en cooperativas de ahorro y crédito
Authors: Ordóñez Parra Janice , Lucero Sarmiento Boris , Zamora Geovanny , Ávila Cárdenas Julio
Published: April 2023

Las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del segmento 1 en Ecuador apoyan el desarrollo económico del país. El problema son los altos índices de morosidad y la pérdida de liquidez en la cartera crediticia. El propósito de este estudio es diseñar una estrategia para reducir la morosidad y mejorar la rentabilidad. Este estudio utilizó un enfoque mixto, bajo el análisis cuantitativo desarrollando las variables de cooperativas y microcréditos a las pruebas de significación obteniendo información de la cartera de crédito vencida del periodo 2019 al 2021. Los resultados del modelo de aceptación muestran que R2 (0.5524) representa el 55% de la variabilidad de los datos es cierto. La prueba f determina la validez global de los datos, donde el p-value es igual a 0000. La estrategia bajo el modelo de expertones busca establecer zonas georeferenciales de riesgo en el Score de crediticio con la finalidad de mejorar en la toma de decisión para el ingreso del crédito.
EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION OF TRACTION FORCES BETWEEN ROBOTS DURING COOPERATIVE CARGO TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Shabanov D.
Published: April 2023

The task of collective movement of load by wheeled robots has kinematic redundancy of drives. It allows distributing traction forces without changing the trajectory and velocity of the system. In this way, it is possible to define additional traffic quality criteria which the traction control system should strive to achieve. In addition, efficient distribution will allow the robots to move without wheel slip at a higher speed than classical control methods. Robots and cargo combined into one system mechanically and informationally, form a variable configuration transport cell (VCTC). The following transportation quality criteria are considered: no wheel slippage, maintaining a given speed, no soft bumps, minimizing work in the generator mode, maintaining the desired final charge levels of the robot batteries after transportation. The proposed methods for the efficient distribution of traction forces are based on the finding local minimum and on the Hebbian learning principle. Tests are carried out in the Simulink using the dynamic mathematical model of the VCTC. In the case under consideration, new distribution methods made it possible to increase the maximum allowable turn entry speed by 27% compared with classical control approaches. At a lower speed new method of distribution showed good results on additional transportation quality criteria. The presented material can also be used for multi-wheeled robots with steerable drive wheels.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR GREEN BUILDING
Authors: Alimova D. , Perkova M.
Published: April 2023

In the 20th century, a new direction of green construction appeared in architecture and construction industry. Green building implies the process of constructing and operating buildings that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, energy efficient, technologically advanced and comfortable for human habitation. Nowadays, many countries have a successful experience in developing and implementing systems to control and encourage green building. The most widespread ecological standards are BREEAM, LEED and DGNB. These main international standards for green certification of buildings are reviewed in the research. The main groups of criteria described in the green standards are identified. A comparative analysis of the requirements to the construction processes of international green standards is performed. Common features, advantages and disadvantages of international green building standards are revealed. The systemic approaches implemented in BREEAM, LEED and DGNB allow a building project to be assessed as reliably as possible and take into account its functional purpose. Green building standards have a strong engineering focus. BREEAM, LEED and DGNB principles have become the basis for local green building standards around the world.
Le cloître Saint-Merry (5-6 juin 1832). Histoire d'un cheminement vers l'oubli, 1832-1862
Authors: Bouchet Thomas
Published: April 2023

Les sanglants affrontements du cloître Saint-Merry (Paris, 5 et 6 juin 1832) ont laissé une empreinte incertaine. Ils ont été perçus par la plupart des contemporains puis au fil des années comme obscurs, gênants, absurdes ou inutiles. Notre étude porte sur les expressions, les usages et les traces de cet épisode insurrectionnel : caractéristiques des combats dans les rues de la capitale, premiers récits, bilans et procès, stratégies d'héroïsation ou de dévalorisation, résurgences ponctuelles du souvenir, réactualisation manquée sous la Deuxième République, jusqu'à l'interprétation livrée par Victor Hugo dans Les Misérables.
Une «affaire La Rocque » en 1899. Avant le P.S.F., Justice-Égalité ?
Authors: Nobécourt Jacques
Published: April 2023

Lorsque le colonel de La Rocque fonda le Parti social français en juillet 1936, s'inspira-t-il du Comité Justice-Égalité, organe de défense religieuse dirigé au début du siècle par son père, le général de La Rocque ? Celui-ci fut le héros d'une « affaire La Rocque » qui fit autant de bruit dans le monde politique de Paris au printemps 1899, que les activités du colonel, son fils, entre 1936 et 1940.
La province poétique au XVIIe siècle : sociabilité distinctive et intégration culturelle
Authors: Luciani Isabelle
Published: April 2023

In 17th century France, poetry called up cultural alternatives — linguistic options, diffusion networks — which made of it a strong identity referent for cities the monarchy considered to be part of the « King's Body ». As form of sociability one can easily ritualize, and as a cultural legacy praized by the humanists, poetry offered a representation of the « City's Body » and legitimized this Body's privileges. However this process might confine poetry to that reprensative function.
Surveiller et décrire : l'enquête des préfets sur les migrations périodiques, 1807-1812
Authors: Denis Vincent
Published: April 2023

Sur les directives du Bureau de la Statistique du Ministère de l'Intérieur, les préfets de l'Empire napoléonien ont réalisé une enquête statistique sur les migrations d'ouvriers, entre 1807 et 1813. Cet exemple permet de voir comment se transforme et s'élabore une science administrative de la description et du dénombrement, tandis que les représentations de la société française sont en pleine mutation, à la suite de la Révolution française. La diversité des pratiques statistiques et des nouvelles nomenclatures montre comment s'institutionnalisent les techniques administratives et leurs formes de classement. L'étude des rapports des préfets révèle les modèles explicatifs mis en œuvre pour analyser les migrations. L'enquête statistique est ainsi un reflet de la vision de la société propre aux administrateurs napoléoniens.
La télévision publique française : une fabrique ? Les interventions de Georges Pompidou Premier ministre, 1962-1968
Authors: Châtelain Violaine
Published: April 2023

Ever since the beginning of the Fifth Republic the question was : how to succeed general de Gaulle who single handedly embodied the new system ? Georges Pompidou tried to answer the question by using the television. Thanks to a good strategy of communication, this neophyte was able to establish himself, during the six years spent at the Matignon Palace, as a real politician. He was careful to signify simplicity, closeness and human warmth, in a contrasting style to the General's, to acquire the necessary legitimacy to attain the high office of President.
Éloge de la copie : le reverse engineering des antirétroviraux contre le VIH/sida dans les laboratoires pharmaceutiques brésiliens
Authors: Cassier Maurice , Corrêa Marilena
Published: April 2023

Eulogy for copying : reverse engineering of anti-retrovirals for HIV/ Aids in Brazilian pharmaceutical laboratories

The Brazilian programme for combating the Aids epidemic, based on universal access to treatment and on the local production of generic drugs, closely combines public health policy and pharmaceutical companies’ industrial policies. Using the window opened by the non-patentable status of pharmaceutical products in that country before 1996, Brazilian pharmaceutical laboratories in both the public and private sectors reverse engineered anti-retrovirals (ARV) that were patented elsewhere but could legally be copied for the domestic market. Whereas the leading international laboratories generally consider the copying of drugs to be a “ waste of resources”, the reverse engineering of molecules as complex as ARVs has led to the creation of local knowledge by Brazilian chemists. It has also enhanced the research and development (R& D) capabilities of the pharmaceutical laboratories engaged in this economy. Based on the questions and methods of sociology of science and innovation, the article examines the production, circulation and conditions of duplication of knowledge in laboratories. It sets the work of reproducing knowledge and technology in the context of intellectual property rights on drugs.
Une nouvelle carte du normal et du pathologique. L’institutionnalisation de la santé mentale aux États-Unis
Authors: Le Moigne Philippe
Published: April 2023

L’article revient sur les tensions qui ont accompagné, entre 1950 et 1980, le développement de la prise en charge de l’affection mentale aux États-Unis. Il rapporte ces tensions à la diffusion d’un idéal influencé par l’élan subjectiviste de l’Amérique de l’après-guerre, mais pour le moins contradictoire. Dans ce cadre, le diagnostic psychiatrique a été assimilé à une entreprise de disqualification de l’individu, critique aboutissant à nier l’existence de la maladie mentale. Mais ce contexte a également contribué à associer l’affection psychique à une forme d’incomplétude de soi, et a suscité sur ce fond une multiplication des demandes de soin. L’article évoque d’abord l’antagonisme de ces revendications à partir des effets qu’elles ont exercés sur la professionnalisation et la division du travail dans le champ psychiatrique. Puis, il tente de montrer comment le standard nosographique qui s’est imposé en 1980, le fameux DSM-III, en offrant le moyen de concilier les différentes visions du trouble psychique, a finalement institutionnalisé une nouvelle carte du normal et du pathologique sous la bannière de la «santé mentale » .
Hyaluronan Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Is Next?
Authors: Salman Loay , Martinez Laisel , Faddoul Geovani , Manning Christina , Ali Karim , Salman Maya , Vazquez-Padron Roberto
Published: April 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of CKD and ESKD in the United States and worldwide. Pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications for glycemia, dyslipidemia, and BP control have shown success in slowing the progression of DKD. Traditional treatments, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and more recently the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, such as finerenone, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, have led to added benefits on various outcomes. However, significant residual risk for DKD progression remains despite the current standard-of-care approaches. Arteriolar hyalinosis (AH) is among the key findings seen on kidney biopsies of patients with DKD. It results from the excessive accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) in the arterioles. AH has not been targeted specifically by any of the therapeutic methods currently being used. We discuss in this manuscript the potential use of a selective therapy targeting AH and the increased total renal HA deposits using a HA synthesis inhibitor in DKD.
Laser-Induced Methanol Decomposition for Ultrafast Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cao Weiwei , Li Yinwu , Yan Bo , Zeng Zhiping , Liu Pu , Ke Zhuofeng , Yang Guowei
Published: April 2023

Methanol (CH
3
OH) is a liquid hydrogen (H
2
) source that effectively releases H
2
and is convenient for transportation. Traditional thermocatalytic CH
3
OH reforming reaction is used to produce H
2
, but this process needs to undergo high reaction temperature (e.g., 200 °C) along with a catalyst and a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emission. Although photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis under mild conditions are proposed to replace the traditional thermal catalysis to produce H
2
from CH
3
OH, they still inevitably produce CO
2
emissions that are detrimental to carbon neutrality. Here, we, for the first time, report an ultrafast and highly selective production of H
2
without any catalysts and no CO
2
emission from CH
3
OH by laser bubbling in liquid (LBL) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. We demonstrate that a super high H
2
yield rate of 33.41 mmol·h
−1
with 94.26% selectivity is achieved upon the laser-driven process. This yield is 3 orders of magnitude higher than the best value reported for photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic H
2
production from CH
3
OH to date. The energy conversion efficiency of laser light to H
2
and CO can be up to 8.5%. We also establish that the far from thermodynamic equilibrium state with high temperature inside the laser-induced bubble and the kinetic process of rapid quenching of bubbles play crucial roles in H
2
production upon LBL. Thermodynamically, the high temperature induced using laser in bubbles ensures fast and efficient release of H
2
from CH
3
OH decomposition. Kinetically, rapidly quenching of laser-induced bubbles can inhibit reverse reaction and can keep the products in the initial stage, which guarantees high selectivity. This study presents a laser-driven ultrafast and highly selective production of H
2
from CH
3
OH under normal conditions beyond catalytic chemistry.
A magnetic levitation-based system to study the mechanisms of bacterial flocculation and autoaggregation
Authors: Domnin P. A. , Zakharchenko A. E. , Rejepov D. T. , Ermolaeva S. A.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To evaluate the potential of magnetic levitation systems when studying the autoaggregation of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria and elucidating mechanisms controlling autoaggregation.

Materials and methods. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were used. The number of alive bacteria was determined using a Live/Dead® dye. E. coli curli were stained with Congo red.

Results. All four tested bacterial species formed autoaggregates that levitated within the liquid volume for up to 72 hours (observation time). After 72 hours, the number of alive bacteria in the autoaggregates ranged from 82% (E. coli) to 99% (L. monocytogenes). The formation of E. coli autoaggregates was shown to depend on the production of curli, which represent surface structures playing an important role in biofilm formation.

Conclusion. The proposed system of magnetic levitation can be used to study molecular mechanisms of bacterial autoaggregation and flocculation.
Species composition of genus Candida in healthy people and people with intestinal pathology
Authors: Prokopiev V. V. , Vinnikova Yu. V. , Peredelskaya E. A. , Safyanova T. V.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To identify the difference in the detection of yeasts of the genus Candida and their species composition in people with gastrointestinal pathology and in healthy people undergoing a regular medical checkup.

Materials and methods. Clinical trial material comprised biological material from patients undergoing regular medical checkup (control group) and patients with intestinal pathology. Following the detection of fungal colonies on Sabouraud medium, identification was carried out using chromogenic agar. A number of strains were identified via mass spectrometry.

Results. The study results show that the frequency of occurrence of the genus Candida is more than three times higher in patients with intestinal pathology. In addition, the study groups revealed the differences in the species composition. Candida krusei is more than 5 times more common in cases of gastrointestinal pathology.

Conclusion. Due to the differences in the frequency and species composition of yeasts of the genus Candida isolated from the intestine, specialists should diagnose intestinal diseases and choose antimycotic therapy in a meticulous way.
Evaluating nutrition, physical development and morbidity in primary school-aged children
Authors: Tkachuk E. A. , Globenko N. E.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To explore the relationship of physical development and nutrition pattern in primary school-aged children.

Materials and methods. 266 children have been examined for three years by means of the continuous sampling method. In order to study nutrition patterns, the questionnaire method was applied to the parents. Physical development was evaluated according to main anthropometric indicators with the identification of somatotype and degree of harmonious development. Morbidity was studied by extracting data from individual development histories.

Results. The nutrition of primary schoolers is marked by a prevalence of carbohydrates, while the amount of protein and calcium-containing products is insufficient. The physical development is disharmonious in most cases, due to underweight (82% of children) and excess weight (8%). 24% of children have a postural abnormality, 15% – caries, 3% – endemic goiter, 45% suffer acute respiratory infections more than 4 times a year.

Conclusions. Nutrition patterns in primary school-aged children are characterized by unbalanced diet, which contributes to disharmonious development and decreases stamina.