bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of the active galactic nucleus and star formation characteristics of broad- and narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Kurian K. S. , Stalin C. S. , Rakshit S. , Mountrichas G. , Wylezalek D. , Sagar R. , Kissler-Patig M.
Published: May 2024

We report here our comparative analysis of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and star formation (SF) characteristics of a sample of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) and broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLS1) galaxies. Our sample consisted of 373 BLS1 and 240 NLS1 galaxies and spanned the redshift 0.02 < z < 0.8. The broad-band spectral energy distribution, constructed using data from the ultra-violet to the far-infrared, was modelled using CIGALE to derive the basic properties of our sample. We searched for differences in stellar mass (M*), star formation rate (SFR), and AGN luminosity (LAGN) in the two populations. We also estimated new radiation-pressure-corrected black hole masses for our sample of BLS1 and NLS1 galaxies. While the virial black hole mass (MBH) of BLS1 galaxies is similar to their radiation-pressure-corrected MBH values, the virial MBH values of NLS1 galaxies are underestimated. We found that NLS1 galaxies have a lower MBH of log (MBH [M⊙]) = 7.45 ± 0.27 and a higher Eddington ratio of log (λEdd) = −0.72 ± 0.22 than BLS1 galaxies, which have log (MBH [M⊙]) and λEdd values of 8.04 ± 0.26 and −1.08 ± 0.24, respectively. The distributions of M*, SFR, and specific star formation (sSFR = SFR/M*) for the two populations are indistinguishable. This analysis is based on an independent approach and contradicts reports in the literature that NLS1 galaxies have a higher SF than BLS1 galaxies. While we found that LAGN increases with M*, LSF flattens at high M* for both BLS1 and NLS1 galaxies. The reason may be that SF is suppressed by AGN feedback at M* higher than ∼1011 M⊙ or that the AGN fuelling mechanism is decoupled from SF. Separating the sample into radio-detected and radio-undetected subsamples, we found no difference in their SF properties suggesting that the effect of AGN jets on SF is negligible.
Median surface-brightness profiles of Lyman-α haloes in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field
Authors: Guo Yucheng , Bacon Roland , Wisotzki Lutz , Garel Thibault , Blaizot Jérémy , Schaye Joop , Richard Johan , Herrero Alonso Yohana , Leclercq Floriane , Boogaard Leindert , Kusakabe Haruka , Pharo John , Vitte Eloïse
Published: May 2024

We present the median surface brightness profiles of diffuse Lyα haloes (LAHs) around star-forming galaxies by stacking 155 spectroscopically confirmed Lyα emitters (LAEs) at 3 < z < 4 in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field (MXDF) with a median Lyα luminosity of LLyα ≈ 1041.1 erg s−1. After correcting for a systematic surface brightness offset we identified in the data cube, we detect extended Lyα emission out to a distance of ≈270 kpc. The median Lyα surface-brightness profile shows a power-law decrease in the inner 20 kpc and a possible flattening trend at a greater distance. This shape is similar for LAEs with different Lyα luminosities, but the normalisation of the surface-brightness profile increases with luminosity. At distances over 50 kpc, we observe a strong overlap of adjacent LAHs, and the Lyα surface brightness is dominated by the LAHs of nearby LAEs. We find no clear evidence of redshift evolution of the observed Lyα profiles when comparing with samples at 4 < z < 5 and 5 < z < 6. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which the inner 20 kpc of the LAH is powered by star formation in the central galaxy, while the LAH beyond a radius of 50 kpc is dominated by photons from surrounding galaxies.
Planetary nebulae of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Tosi S. , Dell’Agli F. , Kamath D. , Stanghellini L. , Ventura P. , Bianchi S. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , García-Hernández D. A.
Published: May 2024

Context. Planetary nebulae (PNe) have three main components: a central star (CS), ionized gas, and dust in the nebula. Each contains critical chemical fingerprints of the PN’s evolution, which serve as tracers of the evolution, nucleosynthesis, and dust production that occurred during the preceding asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase.

Aims. We aim to build a bridge to link the PN phase to the evolution of progenitors, to better understand the dust production and mass-loss mechanism during the final AGB phase. Here we present a comprehensive study of nine Large Magellanic Cloud spherical or elliptical PNe whose observations from the UV through the IR are available in the literature. We characterize nebulae and CSs, finding information necessary to reconstruct the evolutionary history of mass-loss and dust production, such as as the amount of gas that makes up the nebula and the dust that surrounds the CS.

Methods. We compared the observed energy distribution of the selected PNe to that obtained from photoionization modeling, taking the presence of dust into account. The physical and chemical parameters of the CSs were then compared with predictions from the evolutionary tracks.

Results. We characterize the source, assigning a progenitor, early-AGB mass to each CS. We estimate the mass of the nebula and the dust-to-gas ratio. For five objects, we find evidence for the presence of a near-IR bump, which would indicate the presence of hot dust.
Galaxy cluster virial-shock sources in eROSITA catalogs
Authors: Ilani Gideon , Hou Kuan-Chou , Nadler Gil , Keshet Uri
Published: May 2024

Context.Virial shocks around galaxy clusters and groups are being mapped, thus tracing accretion onto large-scale structure.

Aims.Following the recent identification of discrete ROSAT and radio sources associated with the virial shocks of MCXC clusters and groups, we examined the eROSITA-DE Early Data Release (EDR) to see whether it shows virial-shock X-ray sources within its 140 deg2field.

Methods.EDR catalog sources were stacked and radially binned around EDR catalog clusters and groups. The properties of the excess virial-shock sources were inferred statistically by comparing the virial-shock region to the field.

Results.We find an excess of X-ray sources narrowly localized at the 2.0 < r/R500 < 2.25 normalized radii, just inside the anticipated virial shocks, of the resolved 532 clusters, for samples of both extended sources (3σfor 534 sources) and bright sources (3.5σfor 5820 sources; 4σexcluding the low cluster-mass quartile). The excess sources are on average extended (∼100 kpc), luminous (LX ≃ 1043 − 44erg s−1), and hot (keV scales), consistent with infalling gaseous halos crossing the virial shock. The results agree with the stacked ROSAT–MCXC signal, showing the higherLXexpected at EDR redshifts and a possible dependence on host mass.

Conclusions.Localized virial-shock spikes in the distributions of discrete radio, X-ray, and possibly alsoγ-ray sources are new powerful probes of accretion from the cosmic web. We expect that data from future all-sky catalogs will allow us to place strong constraints on virial shock physics.
Research and practice of high-speed spiral composite drilling technology in complex and weak coal seams
Authors: Song Yubo
Published: May 2024

In response to the difficult slag discharge and low hole formation rate encountered in the Wangpo Coal Mine, a study was conducted on high-speed spiral composite drilling technology. This study was integrated with the performance characteristics of the ZDY6000LR-type high-speed pit rig, resulting in the design of drill bits in three different specifications: Φ110/63.5 mm, Φ95/60.3 mm, and Φ88/50 mm. Additionally, the study optimized the three-wing drill pipe's feed speed, rotation speed, and airflow volume. The industrial field test, conducted on the 3206 working face of the Wangpo Coal Mine, resulted in the design of three drill bit combinations that exhibited high strength and stiffness. This design improvement led to enhanced hole integrity, elevated slag removal efficiency, and extended service life for both the drill pipe and bit. The high-speed spiral composite drilling technology, alongside the supporting equipment, effectively addresses the challenges of slag discharge and nozzle top drilling encountered during operations. It significantly improves the deep hole drilling rate, achieving a drilling depth of over 100 m with a success rate exceeding 70%. This technology provides vital support for the extraction of gas from coal seams within the mine. Notably, the Φ95/60.3 mm screw pipe and its corresponding drill bit demonstrated the optimal holeforming effect, with an average hole depth of 111.2 m and a hole formation rate of 90.9%. These findings offer valuable insights for drilling operations under similar conditions of complex and weak coal seams.
Synthesis of Nickel-Based Medical Alloys via Mechanochemical Processing and Powder Metallurgy Techniques
Authors: Cheng Yusi , Zhou Haoze
Published: May 2024

In this study, medical nickel alloys suitable for dental applications were synthesised by a combination of force chemical synthesis and powder metallurgy. Titanium and base powders were used, processed in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain sub-micron particle sizes and homogeneously mixed by mechanical alloying techniques to optimise sintering and compaction properties. This method ensures perfect consistency of particle composition and morphology, essential for the subsequent sintering process, which densifies the material to a relative density of 98.96% while maintaining the precise shape and weight specifications required. Manganese, boron and cerium are added in moderate amounts to enhance bond strength with porcelain veneers without sacrificing corrosion resistance or causing discolouration. Boron content is controlled below 0.1 weight percent to reduce brittleness, and silicon is adjusted to maintain mechanical strength. The alloy's coefficient of thermal expansion is optimised and determined by dilatometry techniques to ensure compatibility with porcelain and compliance with industry standards for nickel-based dental alloys. Tested mechanical properties including yield strength, tensile strength and Vickers hardness showed robustness and resistance that surpassed most nickel-based alloys and competed with cobalt-based alternatives. The study concluded that the advanced synthesis technology used to produce the nickelcontaining medical alloy has improved mechanical, thermal and aesthetic properties, making it ideal for the manufacture of dental prostheses that require high precision.
A Life Cycle Assessment of Energy-saving and Carbon Reduction Potential ——Empirical research on a Road Reconstruction Project in China
Authors: Wang Ke
Published: May 2024

A life cycle standardized assessment module of energy-saving and carbon reduction is established based on the current road cost management software. The assessment module combines the domestic road material consumption quota and the main LCA database CLCD in China. Quantitative energy-saving and carbon reduction benefits of material and technical alternative measures could be calculated autocratically. Empirical project data shows that reducing concrete, reducing mixing temperature and reusing material of the old road are essential measures. It is possible to reduce carbon by 22-28% and save energy by 45-50%.
Design of a Testing Tool Based on Fault Injection for Functional Safety
Authors: Yan Hang , Li Shanshan , Lei Jianmei , Yan Tao , Tang Chunpeng
Published: May 2024

ISO 26262 provides testing requirements for functional safety development and testing to mitigate unacceptable risks arising from system functional failures. Fault injection plays a vital role in assessing system robustness and validating the efficacy of safety mechanisms. This paper explores the fault types and implementation process of fault injection in the context of functional safety confirmation and validation. A fault injection board specifically designed for electrical faults is developed and integrated with Controller Area Network (CAN) messages to verify the effectiveness and correctness of safety mechanisms. The proposed approach offers the advantages of flexible switching and ease of control, making it a valuable tool in ensuring the functional safety of automotive systems.
Study on energy-food water footprint and pressure on available water resources in three northeastern provinces
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Jiang Yuwei , Zhu Zhaoge , Wei Jingzhu
Published: May 2024

The study measured the energy-food water footprint and food-food water footprint of 36 prefecture-level cities in the three northeastern provinces from 2000 to 2020 using food and energy-food water footprint evaluation models, and examined the pressurees on available water resources generated by the energy-food water footprint in the three northeastern provinces. The results show that the energy-food water footprints of the three northeastern provinces during the study period are spatially affected by differences in resource endowments, with more than 50 per cent of the regions experiencing high energy-food water pressurees, and the efficiency of water resources utilisation needs to be improved. In this regard, the paper makes recommendations to safeguard the sustainable development of the region and contribute to stabilising the energy-food-water chain balance.
Study on coupling factors between green development of power grid and ecosystem—from the perspective of energy industry chains
Authors: Jin Yanming , Tan Xue , Zhao Qian , Jiang Shixiong , Li Xi , Wang Zhongqing , Xing Mengjie
Published: May 2024

The green power grid development, with industry and regional characteristics, impacts energy systems and eco-friendly production. Ecosystem services are vital for sustainable development. Urgent research is needed to adapt to new situations. This study establishes index systems for power grid green development and ecology. Key factors affecting their coordination are identified, guiding the promotion of green power grid development. Focus on enhancing cross-regional clean energy allocation, waste disposal, noise monitoring, and increasing electric energy use in terminal consumption.
Carbon reduction effectiveness and efficiency of earth-berming design for speed skating ovals
Authors: Zhao Zheyuan , Luo Peng , Xia Sihan , Fei Teng
Published: May 2024

Earth-berming design is a common energy-saving practice for speed skating ovals. This study explores the impacts of different earth-berming conditions on the carbon emissions during the operation phase of the venue and evaluates the carbon reduction efficiency by taking into account the incremental carbon emissions caused by the excavation during the construction phase. In this study, three different climate zones were selected as the study environment to simulate the carbon reduction effect of two basic forms of mainstream-scaled speed skating ovals under various earth-berming conditions and to summarise the fitting equations of carbon reduction efficiency. The study found that the total annual carbon emissions (CE) of both forms are the lowest in the severe cold zone in general, and the decreased carbon (dCE) from the earthberming design positively correlates with the excavated volume (V) with a maximum value of 98.9tCO2e/y. Among all regions, the maximum dCE for all forms is highest in the severe cold zone, 5.1% and 9.8% more than that in the hot-summer-cold-winter zone, which has the worst performances. The carbon reduction efficiency of the earth-berming design was measured by critical gain time (T). The earth-berming covariates and T for both forms could be fitted by a quadratic equation, which showed that the larger the burial depth on the large-span space side of Form 1 compared to the auxiliary space side, the smaller the T-value, whereas the greater the V of Form 2, the smaller the T-value.
Research on the distribution of harmful substances in automotive products based on chemical quantitative
Authors: Li Tian , Hou Meng , Yu Rujie , Sha Qian
Published: May 2024

At present, China's automotive industry lacks standardized standards and testing methods for conducting harmful substance testing and evaluation of products.This article finely disassembled a passenger car model and conducted detection and analysis of harmful substances. More than 320000 materials were tested, involving 85 assembly components. This article studies six harmful substances in automotive materials, including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and polybrominated biphenyl ethers. The content of harmful substances and their distribution in different materials and components are analyzed. This article provides technical reference for conducting hazardous substance assessments in the automotive industry through data analysis. The harmful substance mainly contained in the studied automotive product is lead, which is mainly distributed in materials such as copper alloys, aluminum, steel, solder, plastics, etc. The content of mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and polybrominated biphenyl ethers in automobiles is generally low.
Review of Mixing Mechanism and Performance of Natural Rubber with Bituminous Materials
Authors: Gungat Lillian , Hamsah Nur Syazleen , Yusoff Nur Izzi Md , Yusoff Siti Fairus M. , Bolong Nurmin , Surugau Noumie
Published: May 2024

Road degradation is a common problem in Malaysia which caused by weather changes, expanding loads as well as the effects of ageing, moisture and temperature results in high maintenance expenses on conventional bitumen pavement. Therefore, it has been recommended on the modification of bitumen as a substitute technique to address this issue and extend the pavement’s lifespan. This study addresses the inadequacy of existing solutions by focusing on the direct mixing approach and the use of pre-treatment using chemical solvent and some additives specifically on epoxidized natural rubber, natural rubber latex and cup lump natural rubber (CLNR). Additionally, this study intends to give a brief summary of how bitumen performance is improved by the inclusion of additives or modifiers by emphasizing the key attributes of modified bitumen after the addition of modifiers. Further information is also provided on the quantity and application method of each addition in order to determine the ideal value for different applications. This study will examine the use of several additives based on past research, such as polyphosphoric acid, Zychotherm, as well as the use of toluene and xylene to maintain the homogeneity of the rubberized bitumen. Studies on the usage of cup lump natural rubber (CLNR) are not common, thus future study should investigate more closely at CLNR and its mixing technique. This research contributes to the field by providing insights into the practical application of modified bitumen for sustainable road construction, especially in regions with a significant rubber industry.
Nomen est omen
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: May 2024

Die Brechwurzel – Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson – ist eine in Brasilien heimische, giftige Pflanze. Angebaut wird sie heute jedoch auch in mittelamerikanischen Staaten wie Costa Rica und Nicaragua sowie in Vorderindien. Schon ihr Artname deutet auf den brasilianischen Ursprung hin. Denn in der Tupissprache wurde die Brechwurzel pecaá-guéne genannt, was so viel wie „Kleines Kraut am Weg, das Brechen erregt“ heißen soll. Diese Wirkung hat sich dann auch in der deutschen Bezeichnung Brechwurzel beziehungsweise im portugiesischen und homöopathischen Namen Ipecacuanha niedergeschlagen. Weitere Bezeichnungen sind Speiwurzeln, Kopfbeere und Ruhrwurzel.
Schwere Metalle mit starker Wirkung
Authors: Blume Ralf
Published: May 2024

Neben essenziellen Schwermetallen, die als lebenswichtige Spurenelemente zur Gesundheit des Menschen beitragen, gibt es pathogene Schwermetalle, die gesundheitliche Beschwerden verursachen können. Da sie oft nicht ausgeschieden werden können und sich im Körper anreichern, führt eine regelmäßige Aufnahme selbst geringer Mengen dieser Giftstoffe nicht selten zu chronischen Erkrankungen und schweren Pathologien. In der Klassischen Homöopathie stellen Schwermetalle und ihre Verbindungen in homöopathischer Aufbereitung aufgrund der langanhaltenden und starken Wirkung auf den Organismus eine wichtige Arzneimittelgruppe dar.
Structured reporting for efficient epidemiological and in-hospital prevalence analysis of pulmonary embolisms
Authors: Jorg Tobias , Halfmann Moritz C , Graafen Dirk , Hobohm Lukas , Düber Christoph , Mildenberger Peter , Müller Lukas
Published: May 2024

Structured reporting (SR) not only offers advantages regarding report quality but, as an IT-based method, also the opportunity to aggregate and analyze large, highly structured datasets (data mining). In this study, a data mining algorithm was used to calculate epidemiological data and in-hospital prevalence statistics of pulmonary embolism (PE) by analyzing structured CT reports.

All structured reports for PE CT scans from the last 5 years (n = 2790) were extracted from the SR database and analyzed. The prevalence of PE was calculated for the entire cohort and stratified by referral type and clinical referrer. Distributions of the manifestation of PEs (central, lobar, segmental, subsegmental, as well as left-sided, right-sided, bilateral) were calculated, and the occurrence of right heart strain was correlated with the manifestation.

The prevalence of PE in the entire cohort was 24% (n = 678). The median age of PE patients was 71 years (IQR 58–80), and the sex distribution was 1.2/1 (M/F). Outpatients showed a lower prevalence of 23% compared to patients from regular wards (27%) and intensive care units (30%). Surgically referred patients had a higher prevalence than patients from internal medicine (34% vs. 22%). Patients with central and bilateral PEs had a significantly higher occurrence of right heart strain compared to patients with peripheral and unilateral embolisms.

Data mining of structured reports is a simple method for obtaining prevalence statistics, epidemiological data, and the distribution of disease characteristics, as demonstrated by the PE use case. The generated data can be helpful for multiple purposes, such as for internal clinical quality assurance and scientific analyses. To benefit from this, consistent use of SR is required and is therefore recommended.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis versus Kleihauer–Betke to Determine Bone Marrow Suppression in Fetuses Undergoing Intrauterine Transfusion
Authors: Saucedo Alexander M. , Moise Erin , Nwokocha Mark , Bebbington Michael , Moise Kenneth J.
Published: May 2024

Objective Mainstay therapy for fetuses affected by maternal red cell alloimmunization is serial intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Testing to determine when fetal red cells have been replaced with donor cells historically involves the use of the Kleihauer–Betke (KB) test. Hemoglobin (Hgb) electrophoresis testing may be more rapid with a reduced cost of analysis. We aimed to determine the correlation between fetal Hgb electrophoresis versus the traditional KB test.

Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of all alloimmunized singleton pregnancies undergoing IUT between January 1, 2021, and July 1, 2023. Maternal and fetal characteristics were collected along with the indication for IUT. A final fetal blood sample was obtained at the conclusion of each transfusion and sent for KB testing and Hgb electrophoresis. The primary outcome was the assessment of these parameters in their ability to predict the replacement of the fetal circulating red cell population with donor cells. Linear regression analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed, and p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results A total of 56 IUTs were performed in 16 patients. There were 39 (69.6%) final KB test values collected and compared with 30 (53.6%) final Hgb electrophoresis values. Hgb electrophoresis when compared with the KB test demonstrated a significant correlation (R
2 = 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.76; p < 0.001). This same finding held true when examining the correlation at each individual IUT as well. The final KB test and Hgb electrophoresis values significantly decreased with each transfusion (p = 0.003). A predominance of adult donor blood was noted by the third transfusion for both laboratory indices.

Conclusion Fetal Hgb electrophoresis obtained at the time of IUT demonstrates a significant correlation with the traditional KB test.

Key Points
Aliphatic Olefin Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by an Integrated Mn/TS-1/N System
Authors: Yang Shanxiu , Liu Yuyu , Zhang Zhang , Qian Bo
Published: May 2024

Propylene liquid-phase epoxidation with 50–75% H2O2 is an important process for the industrial production of propylene oxide (PO). To realize a propylene epoxidation process that proceeds with low hydrogen peroxide concentration, we developed an integrated Mn/TS-1/N catalytic system via in-situ reaction of Mn/TS-1 with an N-donor ligand, affording the PO product in excellent yield with only 30 wt% H2O2. Other long-chain aliphatic epoxides were also readily synthesized by this catalytic epoxidation system. Moreover, in addition to the standard micro-pressure reactor, a continuous-flow microreactor was developed that executed the hydrogen peroxide propylene oxide (HPPO) process with excellent efficiency for 1300 hours. This innovative Mn/TS-1/N catalyzed epoxidation represents a promising direction for advancing HPPO industrial processes, offering improved efficiency while minimizing the reliance on high concentrations of H2O2.
The Technique and Material Used to Join Transfers Affect the Accuracy and Final Fit of Implant-Supported Prostheses—In Vitro Study
Authors: Mariotto Guilherme de Aguiar , Detogni Anna Caroliny , Persh Monica Cavalheiro , Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonça Márcio José
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study evaluated the linear dimensional change of polymerization of three materials and two techniques of the union of molding transfers for implant-supported prostheses used in the open-tray technique.

Materials and Methods A nylon maxilla-shaped matrix was made, two osseous integrated implants were installed, and, over these two, straight conical mini-pillars were installed. Open-tray impression transfers were attached to the mini-pillars, and a silicone guide was made to standardize the connections between the transfers. The samples were divided into six groups (n = 20): PA (Pattern Resin LS, chemically activated acrylic resin in the single step technique); DU (Durallay, chemically activated acrylic resin in the single step technique); BI (Protemp4, bisacrylic resin in the single step technique); PAC (Pattern Resin LS in sectioning and joining of segments technique); DUC (Durallay, in sectioning and joining of segments technique); and BIC (Protemp4, in sectioning and joining of segments technique). The linear dimensional change values that occurred among these transfers were measured in a profile projector (VB300; Starret) coupled to the Quadra Check device, with a resolution of 0.001 mm, performed by a single calibrated operator.

Statistical Analysis Data were submitted to a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.01).

Results Statistically significant mean values were found in all comparisons. The PA showed the lowest mean values (µm) of linear dimensional change, both in the single-step technique and in the sectioning and joining technique, in the following order: BI 255.73 (3.81), DU 173.75 (2.30), PA 95.97 (3.20), BIC 23.82 (1.71), DUC 20.85 (2.53), and PAC 13.27 (2.09). The single-step technique showed the worst results, regardless of the material.

Conclusion The sectioning and joining technique reduced the dimensional change in all materials, and the Pattern Resin LS showed the lowest shrinkage mean values, followed by Durallay and Protemp4.
Selective Neurectomy for Postfacial Paralysis Synkinesis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Namavarian Amirpouyan , Cheng Emily YiQin , Shapiro Justin , Ziai Hedyeh , Talei Benjamin , Pai Akshat , Enepekides Danny , Gantous Andres M.
Published: May 2024

Facial synkinesis is characterized by unintentional contractions of facial musculature secondary to aberrant facial nerve healing. The associated impairment in facial functioning results in a significant decrease in patients' quality of life. The mainstay treatment for postfacial paralysis synkinesis (PFPS) is chemodenervation and physiotherapy, which requires long-term maintenance neurotoxin injections. This can lead to treatment resistance. Selective neurectomy of the distal branches of the facial nerve has been suggested as an effective surgical treatment of PFPS. This study aims to provide a comprehensive systematic review evaluating the efficacy of selective neurectomy for patients presenting with PFPS. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched from inception until July 2022. Studies that investigated postoperative outcomes of pediatric and/or adult patients who underwent selective neurectomy as a treatment for PFPS were included. The database search identified 1,967 studies, and 11 were ultimately included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These 11 studies represented 363 patients. Studies reported on outcomes following selective neurectomy with or without adjuvant therapies for patients with PFPS. The main outcome categories identified were clinician-reported outcomes and patient-reported outcomes. The studies that used clinician-reported outcomes found an improvement in both synkinesis and facial nerve paralysis (FNP) outcomes following selective neurectomy according to their respective grading systems. Three studies looked at patient-reported outcomes and found increased patient-reported quality of life and satisfaction following selective neurectomy. The most reported complications were upper lip contracture, uneven cheek surface, lagophthalmos, and temporary oral incompetence. Selective neurectomy has demonstrated stable or improved synkinesis, FNP, and quality of life outcomes in patients with PFPS. This approach should be considered for patients with PFPS, particularly for patients with refractory symptoms or those who are unable to undergo continued medical management.
Parent-child conflicts, and punishment of children during the three-week COVID-19 lockdown in Ghana
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester , Kyei-Arthur Frank
Published: May 2024

The study examined the factors contributing to children’s conflicts with their parents, the causes of parental punishment, and the underlying reasons for such punishment during the three-week lockdown enforced in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional mixed-methods approach was used to obtain data from a sample of 385 children aged 10–17 in the Ghanaian cities of Accra and Tema. Approximately 58% of the participants reported experiencing parental conflict during the three-week lockdown period. Also, parent-child conflicts were more prevalent among older children than younger children, as well as among female children than male children. According to the findings, parental punishment was administered to two out of every ten children for misbehaviour that occurred during the lockdown. The pandemic increased financial hardships, placing many parents under pressure, and driving them to subject their children to many forms of punishment at home. It is recommended that extensive family support and psychosocial measures be put in place in the case of a pandemic lockdown to prevent excessive punishment that can lead to the abuse of children. The Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection (MoGCSP), which oversees child-related matters in the country must lead this.
Impact of psychological safety and inclusive leadership on online learning satisfaction: the role of organizational support
Authors: Atuahene Sampson Agyapong , Qian XuSheng , Ahotovi Thomas Ahoto
Published: May 2024

The appeal of online education within the academic community has grown significantly due to advancements in technology and increased investments made during the pandemic. Despite the rapid expansion of research in online education, most studies have concentrated on technology and teaching techniques, overlooking social factors that also play a crucial role in students’ contentment with online learning. This study uses quantitative methods to investigate the impact of selected social variables on students’ satisfaction with online education. The research employed a designed questionnaire to gather data from African students engaged in online studies abroad. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS-AMOS version 23. The study utilized a hierarchical linear regression model to assess the influence of different variables on students’ satisfaction with online education. The findings revealed that psychological safety and inclusive leadership positively influenced students’ satisfaction with online education. Conversely, perceived organizational support and learner–learner interaction adversely affected students’ satisfaction in the online learning environment. Moreover, the research highlighted that psychological safety, inclusive leadership, and perceived organizational support positively influenced learner–learner interaction. Additionally, perceived organizational support was identified as a moderator, affecting the relationships between other variables and students’ satisfaction with online education. Because of these findings, educational institutions and researchers are recommended to recognize social constructs’ critical role in students’ satisfaction with online education. It is essential to broaden the focus beyond technological aspects and teaching methods, as social variables are equally vital for students to have a fulfilling academic experience in online education.
Optimization of laser-driven quantum beam generation and the applications with artificial intelligence
Authors: Kuramitsu Y. , Taguchi T. , Nikaido F. , Minami T. , Hihara T. , Suzuki S. , Oda K. , Kuramoto K. , Yasui T. , Abe Y. , Ibano K. , Takabe H. , Chu C. M. , Wu K. T. , Woon W. Y. , Chen S. H. , Jao C. S. , Chen Y. C. , Liu Y. L. , Morace A. , Yogo A. , Arikawa Y. , Kohri H. , Tokiyasu A. , Kodaira S. , Kusumoto T. , Kanasaki M. , Asai T. , Fukuda Y. , Kondo K. , Kiriyama H. , Hayakawa T. , Tanaka S. J. , Isayama S. , Watamura N. , Suzuki H. , Kumar H. S. , Ohnishi N. , Pikuz T. , Filippov E. , Sakai K. , Yasuhara R. , Nakata M. , Ishikawa R. , Hoshi T. , Mizuta A. , Bolouki N. , Saura N. , Benkadda S. , Koenig M. , Hamaguchi S.
Published: May 2024

We have investigated space and astrophysical phenomena in nonrelativistic laboratory plasmas with long high-power lasers, such as collisionless shocks and magnetic reconnections, and have been exploring relativistic regimes with intense short pulse lasers, such as energetic ion acceleration using large-area suspended graphene. Increasing the intensity and repetition rate of the intense lasers, we have to handle large amounts of data from the experiments as well as the control parameters of laser beamlines. Artificial intelligence (AI) such as machine learning and neural networks may play essential roles in optimizing the laser and target conditions for efficient laser ion acceleration. Implementing AI into the laser system in mind, as the first step, we are introducing machine learning in ion etch pit analyses detected on plastic nuclear track detectors. Convolutional neural networks allow us to analyze big ion etch pit data with high precision and recall. We introduce one of the applications of laser-driven ion beams using AI to reconstruct vector electric and magnetic fields in laser-produced turbulent plasmas in three dimensions.
Debris-induced consequences on turbulence and vorticity in solar photovoltaic module-generated array wakes
Authors: Smith Sarah E. , Calaf Marc , Cal Raúl Bayoán , Obligado Martín , Djeridi Henda
Published: May 2024

Particle-laden flows in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are inevitable, where wind-swept debris in open environments are carried by high winds and turbulence, coating panel surfaces or damaging structures. Particle deposition, or soiling, is a well-known issue for large-scale plants which rely on uninhibited solar rays for optimal production. But understanding the mechanisms leading to soiling requires a physical and fluid dynamics-centered focus, since turbulence dominates PV panel wakes and is also known to alter particle concentration and trajectories. This study presents an experimental campaign toward consequences of particle-laden flow between two model PV panels using time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The model array was subjected to varied particle volume fractions, including a tracer particle case and a water droplet case. Characterization of mean velocity, turbulence statistics, and mean kinetic energy within the single phase and, separately, particle phase flows showed modified features due to particle inertia. Images captured at a frequency of 1 kHz in the near wake of the upstream panel allow for a first experimental look at vorticity and convective velocity of vortex structures for single-phase and particle-phase flows which are crucial to debris transport and soiling in PV environments.
Determination of phase transformation kinetics under magnetic fields: Modeling based on magnetization and application in a Fe-1 wt.%Cu alloy
Authors: Yan Yujie , Wang Jun , Wei Chen , He Yixuan , Beaugnon Eric , Li Jinshan
Published: May 2024

A phase transformation model based on magnetization is proposed in this paper, which accurately tracks the change in the phase transformation volume fraction with time/temperature f-T/t by analyzing phase transformation magnetization curves under a magnetic field. This allows for the determination of kinetic parameters related to the nucleation and growth processes such as the phase transformation rate df/dt-T/t and Avrami exponent n, enabling quantitative analysis of phase transformation kinetics under magnetic field effects. Additionally, the phase transformation magnetization under a magnetic field can be accurately fitted by combining the volume fraction calculation model with the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation, thus also obtaining the kinetics parameters. The aforementioned two models are applied to study the isothermal and isokinetic transformations of austenite (γ) to ferrite (α) in Fe-1 wt. %Cu alloys, demonstrating the effects of external conditions through variations in kinetic parameters.
Epitaxially regrown quantum dot photonic crystal surface emitting lasers
Authors: Kyaw Aye S. M. , King Ben C. , McKenzie Adam F. , Bian Zijun , Kim Daehyun , Gerrard Neil D. , Nishi Kenichi , Takemasa Keizo , Sugawara Mitsuru , Childs David T. D. , Hill Calum H. , Taylor Richard J. E. , Hogg Richard A.
Published: May 2024

Quantum dot-based epitaxially regrown photonic crystal surface emitting lasers are demonstrated at room temperature. The GaAs-based devices, which are monolithically integrated on the same wafer, exhibit ground state lasing at ∼1230 nm and excited state lasing at ∼1140 nm with threshold current densities of 0.69 and 1.05 kA/cm2, respectively.
Speed limits of the laser-induced phase transition in FeRh
Authors: Mattern M. , Jarecki J. , Arregi J. A. , Uhlíř V. , Rössle M. , Bargheer M.
Published: May 2024

We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction and the polar time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect to study the laser-induced metamagnetic phase transition in two FeRh films with thicknesses below and above the optical penetration depth. In the thin film, we identify an intrinsic timescale for the light-induced nucleation of ferromagnetic (FM) domains in the antiferromagnetic material of 8ps, which is substantially longer than the time it takes for strain waves to traverse the film. For the inhomogeneously excited thicker film, only the optically excited near-surface part transforms within 8ps. For strong excitations, we observe an additional slow rise of the FM phase, which we experimentally relate to a growth of the FM phase into the depth of the layer by comparing the transient magnetization in frontside and backside excitation geometry. In the lower lying parts of the film, which are only excited via near-equilibrium heat transport, the FM phase emerges significantly slower than 8ps after heating above the transition temperature.
The eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT)
Authors: de Wergifosse Marc , Grimme Stefan
Published: May 2024

In the framework of simplified quantum chemistry methods, we introduce the eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT). This method is based on the simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT), where all semi-empirical two-electron integrals are replaced by exact one- and two-center two-electron integrals, while other approximations from sTD-DFT are kept. The performance of this new parameter-free XsTD-DFT method was benchmarked on excited state and (non)linear response properties, including ultra-violet/visible absorption, first hyperpolarizability, and two-photon absorption (2PA). For a set of 77 molecules, the results from the XsTDA approach were compared to the TDA data. XsTDA/B3LYP excitation energies only deviate on average by 0.14 eV from TDA while drastically cutting computational costs by a factor of 20 or more depending on the energy threshold chosen. The absolute deviations of excitation energies with respect to the full scheme are decreasing with increasing system size, showing the suitability of XsTDA/XsTD-DFT to treat large systems. Comparing XsTDA and its predecessor sTDA, the new scheme generally improves excitation energies and oscillator strengths, in particular, for charge transfer states. TD-DFT first hyperpolarizability frequency dispersions for a set of push-pull π-conjugated molecules are faithfully reproduced by XsTD-DFT, while the previous sTD-DFT method provides redshifted resonance energy positions. Excellent performance with respect to the experiment is observed for the 2PA spectrum of the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The obtained robust accuracy similar to TD-DFT at a fraction of the computational cost opens the way for a plethora of applications for large systems and in high throughput screening studies.
Excitons at the interface of 2D TMDs and molecular semiconductors
Authors: Dziobek-Garrett Reynolds , Kempa Thomas J.
Published: May 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) of vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals have been used to elicit intriguing phenomena stemming from strong electronic correlations, magnetic textures, and interlayer excitons spawned at the heterointerface. However, vdWHs comprised of heterointerfaces between these 2D atomic crystal lattices and molecular assemblies are emerging as equally intriguing platforms supporting properties to be harnessed for photovoltaic energy conversion, photodetection, spin-selective charge injection, and quantum emission. In this perspective, we summarize recent research examining exciton dynamics in heterostructures between semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenides and molecular organic semiconductors. We discuss methods for assembly of these heterostructures, the nature of interlayer or charge-transfer excitons at transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-molecule interfaces, explicit exciton transfer between organics and TMDs, and other interfacial phenomena driven by the merger of these two material classes. We also suggest key new research directions extending the remit of these 2D atomic–molecular lattice heterointerfaces into the domains of condensed matter physics, quantum sensing, and energy conversion.
Electronic correlation-driven quantum anomalous valley Hall effect in intrinsic ferrovalley FeClBr
Authors: Peng Xuebing , Xia Baorui , Si Mingsu , Gao Daqiang
Published: May 2024

Both ferrovalley and quantum anomalous valley Hall effect (QAVHE) are practically desirable and inherently fascinating for new-style device applications. However, works realizing the intrinsic ferrovalley and QAVHE in a single ferromagnetic system with a high Curie temperature are still lacking. We predict that monolayer FeClBr exhibits the ferrovalley phase with a substantial valley polarization of 116 meV and high Curie temperature of approximately 565 K. When considering electronic correlation effects, within the range of Ueff = 0.87 eV and Ueff = 1.13 eV, the QAVHE of nontrivial topology is present. A Chern number of C = −1 is confirmed by chiral edge states and an anomalous Hall conductivity. Intriguingly, the emergence of out-of-plane easy magnetization when Ueff < 1.13 eV is conducive to realizing the intrinsic ferrovalley and QAVHE. The QAVHE is also present in monolayers of FeClI and FeBrI. Our study offers potential candidate materials for the advancement of multifunctional quantum devices in topology and valleytronics.
Simulation study of electromagnetic protection of ignition chip
Authors: Niu Huiyuan , Li Hui , Ren Wei , Chang Yingke
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the adaptability and enhancement methods of ignition chips in complex electromagnetic environments. In this paper, combined with simulation and calculation technology, we first establish the electromagnetic–electrical–thermal coupling simulation model of ignition chips and analyze the influence of two electromagnetic environments, continuous electromagnetic wave and nuclear electromagnetic pulse, on the electrical–thermal coupling in the bridge area of the ignition chip. The results show that a continuous electromagnetic wave field strength of 1200 V/m, irradiated for 5 s, a nuclear electromagnetic pulse with a rise time of 5 ns, a half-height width of 24 ns, and a leg wire length of 350 mm will cause the ignition chip to fire accidently. In order to suppress its accidental firing, the electromagnetic protection is enhanced by using parallel Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) diodes. It has been shown that parallel TVS diodes provide good protection against both continuous electromagnetic waves and nuclear electromagnetic pulses. In particular, the peak induced current decreases by more than 64.7% during the action of continuous electromagnetic waves, and the maximum temperature in the bridge area decreases by 54.34% during the action of nuclear electromagnetic pulses.
Turbulent drag reduction using dolphin-inspired near-wall ultrasonic microvibrations
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Liu Hao
Published: May 2024

The skin-friction drag generated by wall-bounded turbulent flows can potentially be reduced by a wall-parallel oscillatory motion. Inspired by microvibrations and the high sensitivity of dolphin skin, we examine whether wall-normal undulating motion actuated by longitudinal micro-ultrasonic waves (LMUWs) with ultrasonic-frequency oscillations and micro-size amplitudes significantly alters the multi-eddy motion on the surface, thereby reducing skin-friction drag. Simulations of the LMUW-induced turbulent flows are performed in an open channel at a Reynolds number of 1.24 × 106 for three motion modes, i.e., two traveling waves (downstream and upstream) in the streamwise direction and a standing wave. It is verified that the wall-normal turbulent fluctuations are remarkedly altered within the viscous sublayer of the turbulent boundary layer, resulting in a reduced velocity gradient. This leads to lower or even extinguished friction drag, which is strongly associated with the LMUW-excitation mode. Informed and validated by numerical results, we further derived a theoretical model for the dynamic boundary layer. This model is based on Fourier series expressions of the velocities and is used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in association with the LMUW-excited turbulent flow and active friction drag reduction. The results indicate that upstream traveling waves enable 100% friction drag reduction, while downstream traveling waves are capable of overcoming the trade-off between friction and pressure drag, accomplishing 100% total drag reduction. This study thus provides a novel active and controllable method for turbulent drag reduction.