bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Pediatric Malpractice Claims 1987–2015: Results From the Periodic Survey of Fellows
Authors: Bondi Steven A. , Tang Suk-fong S. , Altman Robin L. , Fanaroff Jonathan M. , McDonnell William M. , Rusher John W.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Pediatricians are less frequently sued than other physicians. When suits are successful, however, the average payout is higher. Little is known about changes in the risk of litigation over time. We sought to characterize malpractice lawsuit trends for pediatricians over time.

METHODS:

The Periodic Survey is a national random sample survey of American Academy of Pediatrics members. Seven surveys between 1987 and 2015 asked questions regarding malpractice (n = 5731). Bivariate and multivariable analyses examined trends and factors associated with risk and outcome of malpractice claims and lawsuits. Descriptive analyses examined potential change in indemnity amount over time.

RESULTS:

In 2015, 21% of pediatricians reported ever having been the subject of any claim or lawsuit, down from a peak of 33% in 1990. Report of successful outcomes in the most-recent suit trended upward between 1987 and 2015, greatest in 2015 at 58%. Median indemnity was unchanged, averaging $128 000 in 2018 dollars. In multivariate analysis, male sex, hospital-based subspecialty (neonatology, pediatric critical care, pediatric emergency medicine, and hospital medicine), longer career, and more work hours were associated with a greater risk of malpractice claim.

CONCLUSIONS:

From 1987 to 2015, the proportion of pediatricians sued has decreased and median indemnity has remained unchanged. Male pediatricians and hospital-based subspecialists were more likely to have been sued. Greater knowledge of the epidemiology of malpractice claims against pediatricians is valuable because it can impact practice arrangements, advise risk-management decisions, influence quality and safety projects, and provide data to guide advocacy for appropriate tort reform and future research.
Featuring: Prof Angela Maas
Authors: Maas Angela
Published: March 2020

In the Cardiology Masters section of European Cardiology Review, we bring you an insight into the career of a key contributor to the field of cardiology. In this edition, we feature Prof Angela Maas.
Coronary Artery Spasm: The Interplay Between Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperreactivity
Authors: Hubert Astrid , Seitz Andreas , Martínez Pereyra Valeria , Bekeredjian Raffi , Sechtem Udo , Ong Peter
Published: March 2020

Patients with angina pectoris, the cardinal symptom of myocardial ischaemia, yet without significant flow-limiting epicardial artery stenosis represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an established cause for anginal chest pain in patients with angiographically unobstructed coronary arteries. CAS may occur at the epicardial level and/or in the microvasculature. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS are still largely unclear, endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hyperreactivity seem to be involved as major players, although their contribution to induce CAS is still seen as controversial. This article will look at the role and possible mechanistic interplay between an impaired endothelial and VSMC function in the pathogenesis of CAS.
Self-Regulated Learning: the essential factor for understanding and improving academic and clinical performance
Authors: Sandars John
Published: March 2020

There is increasing interest in the importance of Self-Regulated Learning for the improvement of academic and clinical performance. Self-Regulated Learning is a dynamic and cyclical metacognitive process that coordinates an individual’s skill (techniques) and will (motivation) to achieve a clearly defined task. There are differences in key Self-Regulated Learning processes between high and low performers, especially goal setting and self-monitoring. Formative feedback on the use of key Self-Regulated Learning processes, which can be identified using microanalysis before, during and after an individual performs a specific task, can lead to improved performance. There is increasing awareness of the importance of both the social and educational environment on the use of Self-Regulated Learning, including the essential influence of the teacher.
Characteristics of calcium intake in nursing home residents in Zagreb
Authors: Cvijetić Selma , Bashota Luka , Šatalić Zvonimir
Published: March 2020

Elderly people, especially those who live in nursing homes, are at high risk for getting osteoporosis and bone fractures. Knowing that an adequate calcium intake is important for prevention and therapy of osteoporosis, we aimed to estimate calcium intake in old people living in nursing homes in Zagreb. In a cross-sectional study, calcium intake was estimated using previously validated food frequency questionnaire especially designed for calcium intake, among 292 nursing homes residents (232 women and 60 men), mean age 82.4±6.5 years. Mean dietary calcium intake in men was 653±297 mg/day and in women 528±279 mg/day (p=0.004). Only 10 % of women and no men were taking calcium supplements. Calcium intake below the 750 mg/day was present in 67.3 % of men and 77.5 % of women. Very low calcium intake, below the half of the recommended value, was present in 18.3 % of men and 31.0 % of women. Milk and dairy products were the main source of calcium intake in our study and contributed more than 80% of total daily calcium intake. No significant correlation was found between the body mass index and calcium intake in both genders. We conclude that the mean calcium intake in nursing home residents was below the recommended values.
The effect of stevia, emulsifier and milk powder on melting rate, hardness and overrun of ice cream formulations during storage
Authors: Sulejmani Erhan , Demiri Mersel
Published: March 2020

Four types of ice creams were manufactured using stevia (S), milk powder (PP), emulsifier (PS) and UHT whole milk (C), and were investigated for physical, chemical and sensory characteristics. The pH values of ice cream samples ranged from 5.82 to 6.62. The hardness values from textural analyses was around 3.40 and 598.61 N. The highest overrun ratio (29.27 %) was found in PP ice cream during the first week of storage. The substitution of sucrose by stevia powder led to a significant elevation of the hardness of ice cream.
BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRIAL FACTORY MODEL BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Thien Truong Tich , Tang Hoa Buu
Published: March 2020

Buckling is a subject that has been discussed for a long time, however, it still be studied and developed due to its practicality. The following article introduces two methods that are used to solve the problems involving buckling of the beam, shell and solid with an I shape cross-section having different cases of boundary load. The theory which is used in this article is Euler's formula and Eurocode 3 standard. The analytical results by ANSYS commercial software are compared with the theoretical results and results from Eurocode 3 standard. The authors based on the reliability of the calculating results to simulate buckling of the industrial factory model with different cases of load conditions. The simulating results show a general view of buckling cases.
THE ANALYSIS OF FLUID DYNAMICS OF WAVE POWER STATION WITH WELLS TURBIN BY CFD
Authors: Thien Truong Tich , Nguyen Sang Quang , Tran Bang Kim
Published: March 2020

Natural energy such as wind, wave and other natural vibrations is one of the high potential renewable energy sources. The Wells turbine is based on the use of bidirectional turbines, which act as axial-flow self-rectifying turbines that employs a symmetrical blade profile and rotating unidirectionally in reciprocating airflows generated by the air chamber to extract energy from vibrations. These topics have been extensively studied both numerically and experimentally such as research on the parameters of the effects of structure, angle of attack, blade shape, etc. In this paper, numerical simulation is carried out using commercially available tool Fluent for fluid dynamics analysis and focus on oscillating predictions, with particular attention to the behavior of the flow. Based on the Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) model is simulated in a two dimensional used in this model, which is constructed mainly based on the spatially averaged Navier Stokes equation with the k-ε model for simulating the turbulence and modeled with Volume of Fluid (VOF). Axial-flow turbines system and future development as well as the proposed limitations will be discussed in detail.
SOME STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS PROBLEMS
Authors: Duong Tham Hong
Published: March 2020

This article deals with statistical techniques normally used in Engineering. Variables or parameters in models of Engineering Mechanics always face data:  a) of materials (with technical specification); b) of analysing model using specific software; c) of measurement using variety of devices and approaches; and d) of the technology process of manufacture (outcome). An engineering object to be studied has k variables and each variable has m values or level of status, it will need mk cases to be solved. This has to conduct a very large number of test cases to be solved for target objective(s). A Taguchi Method will be applied for finding solution in which much less effort of computation is paid and other different conditions of noise could be taken into account. Besides, other statistical tools, ANOVA have also proved to be useful in quantifying uncertainties in engineering problems, both in aleatory (nature) and epistemic (knowledge and measurement) categories. A typical example of engineering problem is chosen to study using above-mentioned Taguchi method and statistical tools. This method is very useful for design of experiments, both in traditional laboratory and computer numerical modeling and it can used to optimize the set of input data for obtaining the best results of outcome product.
STUDYING ON FAILURE MECHANISM OF 2D GRANULAR COLUMNS: NUMERICAL RESULTS
Authors: NGUYEN Cuong Tien
Published: March 2020

The failure mechanism of granular columns and the characteristics of this failure flows have been intersted in researching in recent years. In particular, the experiments in failure mechanism and failure flow of 2D granular column are not often 2D standard. Therefore, Cuong T. Nguyen et al. (2015) conducted research this problem based on 2D standard in the laboratory and developed a numerical computation model using SPH (Smooth Particles Hydrodynamics) method (Cuong T. Nguyen et al., 2017). This model has proven the reliability by verification of calculation and experimental results. In this paper, the developed numerical model is used to perform a series of numerical experiments that some are difficult or impossible to obtain accurate results by physical experiment model to re-examine the previously identified characteristics and find out the rules more general of this failure flow.
CONTROLLER DESIGN BASED ON A KINEMATIC ESTIMATOR FOR A 3RRR PLANAR PARALLEL ROBOT DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC MOTORS
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Quang
Published: March 2020

The control of parallel robotic manipulator requires feedbacks of all the redundant coordinates and their derivatives. In practice, to have all feedback variables for the controller, a robot needs more sensors than its degree of freedom. These sensors measure not only the actuated joint variables, but also the auxiliary variables, position and velocity of the moving platform. In this paper, a novel method is introduced to estimate dependently generalized coordinates and motion of the moving platform. A kinematic error feedback technique is exploited to ensure the estimated motion converge to the actual motion of the robot.
FREE VIBRATION OF TAPERED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CARBON NANOTUBE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE BEAMS USING A HIERARCHICAL BEAM ELEMENT
Authors: Hien Trinh Thi
Published: March 2020

Free vibration of tapered functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beams is investigated. The beams with four types of carbon nanotube distribution in the thickness, namely the uniform (UD-CNT), X-type (FGX-CNT), A-type (FGA-CNT) and O-type (FGO-CNT), are assumed to be linearly tapered in longitudinal direction by three different taper cases. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, equations of motion with variable coefficients are derived from Hamilton’s principle. Using hierarchical functions to interpolate the displacement field, a two-node beam element with nine degrees of freedom is formulated and employed to compute frequencies of the beams. The accuracy of the derived formulation is confirmed by comparing frequencies obtained in the present work with the published data. The effects of the total CNT volume fraction, CNT distribution type, taper cases, taper ratio, aspect ratio, boundary conditions, etc., on the vibration characteristics of the beams are examined and discussed.
SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS ACROSS A FINITE CLAMPED DOUBLE-LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE WITH POROELASTIC MATERIAL
Authors: Pham Thanh Ngoc
Published: March 2020

A theoretical study of sound transmission loss across a clamped double-laminated composite plate filled with poroelastic material is formulated. Biot’s theory is employed to describe wave propagation in elastic porous media. The two face composite plates are modeled as classical thin plates. By using the modal superposition theory, a double series solution for the sound transmission loss of the structure is obtained with the help of the Galerkin method. The analytical model is validated against previous experimental results of a single sound wave under normal incidence. The numerical results suggest that the density of poroelastic material, the type of composite materials and the composite plies arrangement have significant effects on the sound transmission loss of considered structure.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FERMENTATION OF THE MUST FROM WHITE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ODESSA REGION
Authors: Kananykhina O. , Tkachenko O. , Suhachenko T. , Titlova O.
Published: March 2020

One of the most important problems of the modern wine technology is the production of high quality and competitive products. It is commonly known that the quality of a wine largely depends on the yeast race. The main requirement for yeast is completeness of fermentation, which depends on the amount  of yeast involved, aeration, initial content of various substances in the must, temperature, pH of the environment. Using  imported  materials in the specific conditions of national winemaking requires laboratory and industrial research to rationalize the use of local and foreign pure yeast cultures and to accelerate the process of grape must fermentation. So, this study considers how  the  yeast  origin and additional nutrition effect on grape must fermentation and influence the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of wine materials obtained from the white grape varieties  Aromatny and Zagrei of the generative breeding by the National Scientific Centre Tairov Viticulture and Winemaking Institute. Besides, it has been concluded whether using additional nutrition  is  practical.  It has been established that the fermentation process was complete in both the control and the experimental samples. There were no facts of underfermentation. When supplementary nitrogenous nutrition was used, the fermentation activity of yeast increased and the fermentation process ended faster. The dynamics of the  total  number of cells of the Aromatic and Zagrei varieties was the same during the years 2015–2017 and did not depend on the fermentation scheme. It has been found that the fermentation process does not depend on supplementary nutrition, but the yeast race effects on the physicochemical parameters, namely on the volatile acids content. The results obtained have shown the effect of a yeast race and supplementary nutrition on the organoleptic characteristics of these varieties. In Southern Ukraine, to control the quality characteristics of wine materials, using active dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a two-stage nutrition complex has a positive effect on the physicochemical parameters of the corresponding grape variety and allows revealing its varietal characteristics.
Solidification/stabilisation of Zn-contaminated soils using cement and soda residue
Authors: Zha Fusheng , Liu Jingjing , Xu Long , Kang Bo , Yang Chengbin , Deng Yongfeng
Published: March 2020

Soda residue is a by-product of sodium carbonate manufacturing and has a highly adsorptive capacity for heavy metal ions. Thus, this research intended to utilise soda residue to remediate zinc (Zn)-contaminated soil by partial replacement of cement based on the stabilisation/solidification (S/S) method. Then, the effectiveness of S/S based on cement blended with soda residue was evaluated through an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, an electrical resistivity test and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Results show that UCS increases with the increase in total binder content and curing time, while it decreases with the increase in zinc ion (Zn2+) concentration in the soil. The leached zinc ion concentration determined through TCLP decreases with increasing curing time. Increasing the curing time, mass ratio of cement to soda residue and total binder content results in an increase in the electrical resistivity of the specimen, while a reverse trend occurs with the increase in zinc ion concentration. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the formation of hydrated products such as calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate and ettringite can be detected, as well calcium zincate hydrate (CaZn2(OH)6H2O), which is responsible for zinc ion immobilisation.
Foamed backfilling for combatting mine fires
Authors: Hallman David S
Published: March 2020

Although mine fires and attempts to extinguish them have existed for as long as coal mining, there has so far been no reliable practical method developed for extinguishing mine fires burning for a long time under deep cover. A new ‘foamed backfilling’ method combines nitrogen-enhanced foam with non-combustible solids to create a fluid, slurry-like mixture, which is injected into the mine workings remotely through boreholes to extinguish a mine fire. When injected in the area of the fire, the foamed backfill material will smother the active fire, provide moisture, block ventilation and absorb heat. Nitrogen gas released as the bubbles decay and the foam dissipates creates an inert oxygen-deficient atmosphere to inhibit combustion. Finally, the non-combustible solid particles suspended in the foam will backfill the mine workings, rubble zones, burnt-out areas and fractures to block ventilation permanently after the foam dissipates. Thus, injection of foam-transported backfill material addresses all three legs of the fire triangle; heat is removed, oxygen is excluded and the fuel is isolated, which increases the odds of success. Economic benefits include the ability to use low-cost non-combustible materials derived from on-site sources or waste from other industries, low water consumption and wider borehole spacing.
Effects of the canyon topography on railway environment vibrations
Authors: Lu Huaxi , Xiong Lihua , Gao Zhicheng , Liang Pingying , Wu Bitao
Published: March 2020

The train-induced vibrations that permeate railway environments are becoming more prominent with the rapid development of China’s high-speed railway network. Because canyons are quite common in nature, it is inevitable that newly constructed railways will pass through these areas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influences of canyons on the propagation of vibration waves. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite-element calculation model of the subgrade-canyon topography under the action of trains is established and the influences of the canyon width and shape in addition to the properties of the foundation soil within the canyon are studied. The results show that vibrations are amplified near the foot of the canyon. The canyon significantly reduces the ground vibration accelerations in both the vertical and the horizontal directions. Moreover, a wider canyon corresponds to a greater decrease in the acceleration at the centre of the canyon and a reduction in all vertical and horizontal vibration displacements. Furthermore, as the foundation soil hardens, the decreases in the accelerations in both the vertical and the horizontal directions are significantly reduced.
Time-variant reliability analysis of motor-hanger connecting bolts in electric trains
Authors: Li Yonghua , Zhi Pengpeng , Xu Yue , Gong Qi
Published: March 2020

Due to variables in design, manufacturing and working conditions, the working loads of connecting bolts for motor hangers in electric-multiple-unit trains are uncertain. To reduce this uncertainty and improve the reliability of connecting bolts, a novel time-variant reliability analysis method has been developed. First, a parametric finite-element model of a motor hanger was established. The probability distribution of working loads for connecting bolts was then obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. Second, a one-dimensional Brownian differential equation considering the uncertainty of bolt working loads was derived based on Itō’s lemma, and expressions of the mean and variance of bolt stresses under time-variant conditions were given. The time-variant reliability model of the bolts was then constructed based on a time-variant stress–strength interference model and solved by the most-probable-point method. The results showed that the reliability calculated by this method was lower than that of the traditional method and therefore safer. It was concluded that the uncertainty of the working load has a great impact on reliability.
Analyzing filtration flow rate change of woven geotextiles for fine grained slurries
Authors: McCafferty C. , Hsuan G.
Published: March 2020

Many studies have been performed in recent years to investigate the dewatering phenomena of slurry using geotextile tubes. The laboratory test methods primarily used the pressure filtration test (PFT) and falling head test (FHT) to evaluate the dewatering nature of geotextiles using slurries with different fines contents. The objective of this paper is to examine and analyze the published test data obtained from various testing conditions, and to develop a general equation that can predict the change of flow rate over time. For the PFT, a power law showed a good fit with test data at different fines content ranges. Furthermore, the change of filtration rate with time decreased with the fines content, indicating that slurry with high fines content resulted in a faster drop in filtration rate than slurry with low fines content. For the FHT, a two-term power law was found to fit all of the test data, indicating a two-stage filtration behavior.
Back-analysis of the water retention curve of a GCL on the wetting path
Authors: Tincopa M. , Bouazza A. , Rowe R. K. , Rahardjo H.
Published: March 2020

A new approach is presented to obtain the water retention curve of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) on the wetting path (i.e. when it is hydrating). This approach is based on a back-analysis process using data from a hydration test. The back-analysis method was validated by comparing it to conventional experimental measurement techniques such as vapour equilibrium, chilled-mirror dew point and osmotic techniques as well as published data. This approach is shown to be a viable alternative to quickly identify the retention properties of a GCL on the wetting path.
Numerical modelling of full-scale subsea lander Amalia with in situ conditions
Authors: Assis Gonçalves Filipe , Onofre Gomes Miguel , Mathias Nuno , Morais Tiago , Ferradosa Tiago
Published: March 2020

The Amalia lander is a modular gravity-based structure capable of executing different tasks in subsea conditions such as monitoring, surveillance and docking autonomous underwater vehicles, and could work as a platform for validating coatings, damage at foundations and scour protections and integrity of new materials, among other applications. This lander has a unique complex geometry and is made of the eco-friendly material polyoxymethylene, a high-performance thermoplastic of low cost, low density and high stiffness. This paper elaborates on the latest design developments of Amalia, including in situ material characterisation and numerical modelling activities, which focus on fulfilling the rising needs of the blue economy in the subsea engineering field. Material characterisation included tensile and Charpy impact experimental tests. The experimental curve was used to improve the numerical models (Ansys software). Full-scale data, obtained at Berlenga Grande Island, were used to compile design information on loads and boundary conditions in order to set numerical and experimental trials used to study Amalia's structural reliability. The Amalia lander was studied and its design was upgraded, the details of which are presented here. Further research showed that both the interface between the rod and the ballast weight and the bearing connection between the cage and the sphere fork can be improved.
Amniosentezde Koyu Amnion Sıvı Saptanan Gebeliklerin Perinatal Sonuçları
Authors: DEMİROĞLU Çağdaş , ERCAN Fedi , EKMEKCİ Emre
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Amniosentezde saptanan koyu amnion sıvının önemi ve perinatal sonuçlarla ilişkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada koyu amnion mayi saptanan gebelikler ve perinatal sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Şanlıurfa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Doğum Kliniği’nde Ocak 2018 ile Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılan 1034 amniosentez işleminde 24 koyu amniotik sıvı saptandı. Koyu amniyotik sıvı saptanan gebeliklerde işlemin yapılma nedeni ve devam eden gebeliklerdeki perinatal sonuçlar ile karyotip sonuçları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışma süresince koyu amniyotik mayi sıklığı %2.3’dü. Bu amniosentezlerin 11’i tarama testinde risk yüksekliği, 11’i ultrasonda saptanan anormallikler ve 2’si ise gebelikte geçirilen akut toxoplazmosis enfeksiyonu nedeniyle yapılmıştır. Sitogenetik sonuçlar 2 gebede trizomi 21, 1 gebede ise turner sendromu şeklindedir. İki amniyon sıvı materyalinde kültür başarısız olmuştur. Gebelerin 12’si miadında vajinal doğum yaparken 4’ü miadında sezaryen doğum ile sonlanmıştır. Anomali olan 6 gebelik amniyosentezi takiben termine edilmiştir. İşlem sonrası bir gebede erken membran rüptürü gelişmiştir. Bir gebede ise preterm doğum gerçekleşmiştir.
Sonuç: Koyu amniyotik sıvı saptanan gebeliklerin perinatal sonuçları açısından literatürde görüş birliği mevcut değildir. Bazı çalışmalar koyu amniotik sıvı varlığını kötü perinatal sonuçlar ile ilişkilendirirken diğer bazı çalışmalar fark göstermemiştir. Bu çalışmada preterm doğum açısından genel popülasyondaki sıklığına göre fark izlenmemiştir. Ancak koyu amniyotik materyal ile kültür başarısızlığı ve gebelik kaybı oranları artıyor olabilir. Koyu amniotik sıvının perinatal sonuçlara etkisi net değildir. Ancak koyu amniyotik mayi artmış kültür başarısızlığı ile ilgili olabilir.
KARBON VERGİSİNİN İKTİSADİ DARALMA ETKİLERİNİN GİDERİLMESİ İÇİN ALTERNATİF POLİTİKA ÖNERİLERİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN SOSYAL HESAPLAR MATRİSİ TEMELİNDE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ÖZEŞ Reyhan , ÇAĞATAY Selim
Published: March 2020

Uluslararası literatür karbon vergisinin sera gazı emisyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğini ileri sürerken aynı zamanda ekonomide bir daralma yarattığını da göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, ancak ekonomide bir daralma meydana gelmeden ya da oluşabilecek bir daralmanın etkilerini en aza indirerek uygulanabilecek bir karbon vergisi politikasının hem çevresel hem de ekonomik anlamda maksimum faydayı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 10. Kalkınma Planı’nda öngörülen ekonomik büyüme hedefi ve Paris Konferansı’nda taahhüt edilen karbondioksit salınım hedefine birlikte ulaştırabilecek bir politika paketi önermektir. Çalışmada karbon vergisi emisyon salınımını azaltmak için kullanılırken, bu vergi gelirinin iktisadi aktiviteleri canlandırmak için ekonomiye geri enjekte edilmesi telafi edici politika aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Karbon vergisi tüm endüstrilere veya alternatif olarak en kirli üç endüstriye uygulanırken, geriye enjeksiyon hanehalkları veya firmalar üzerinden yapılmaktadır. 2012 yılı girdi-çıktı matrisi ve sosyal hesaplar matrisinin kullanıldığı araştırma sonuçları, karbon vergisi uygulamasının toplam sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmakta etkili olduğu ancak tüm endüstrilere uygulanmasındansa seçilmiş en kirli endüstriler üzerine uygulanmasının daha düşük bir ekonomik küçülme yaratacağı yönündedir. Sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltımı için uygulanan karbon vergisinden toplanan kaynağın ekonomiye, firmalara bir transfer olarak geri döndürülmesinin ise hanehalklarına verilecek transfere göre daha etkili olacağı tespit edilmiştir.
DİLBİLGİSİNİN TEMEL BİLEŞENLERİ VE ARAKESİTLER
Authors: KÜÇÜKSAKARYA Esra
Published: March 2020

Düşüncenin ifade edilme aracı olan dilin işleyişini ve insan zihninde oluşturduğu soyut dizgeyi çözümlemek dile yönelik araştırmalara temel oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, dil nesnesi biçimci ve işlevci düzlemlerde farklı kuramlar çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Sözgelimi, biçimci ve işlevci düzlemler kapsamında ele alınan kuramlar birbirinden farklı sunuluş gösterdiği için dilin bileşenlerine ve bu bileşenlerin oluşturduğu arakesitlere ilişkin kuramlar da biçimci ve işlevci düzlemler çerçevesinde birbirlerinden farklı yöntemler izleyerek dil dizgesini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Dil dizgesini betimleme ve açıklamaya ilişkin biçimci düzlemde yapılan incelemeler sezdirimsel bir biçimde sadece dilin kendi içyapısını temel alırken işlevci düzlemde yapılan incelemeler dil kullanımının gerçekleştiği bağlamı da dikkate alarak dilin iletişim boyutunu temel almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dil dizgesini oluşturan dilbilgisinin temel bileşenleri ile ilgili açıklamalar yaparak söz konusu bileşenlerin oluşturduğu dilbilimsel arakesitleri biçimci yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda tartışmak ve örnekler üzerinden değerlendirmektir; dolayısıyla, sesbilim, biçimbilim, sözdizim, anlambilim ve edimbilim (bilgi yapısı) alanlarına ilişkin bilgilerin sunulması ve biçimci düzlemler temel alınarak sesbilim-biçimbilim arakesiti, biçimbilim-sözdizim arakesiti, sesbilim-sözdizim arakesiti, sesbilim-anlambilim arakesiti, biçimbilim-anlambilim arakesiti, sözdizim-anlambilim arakesiti, sözdizim-edimbilim arakesiti ve sesbilim-biçimbilim-anlambilim-sözdizim arakesitine ilişkin kuramların tanıtılıp hangi düzeylerde ve nasıl sunuluş sergilediklerinin incelenmesi bu araştırma kapsamında konu edilecektir. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda, çalışmada sözü edilen arakesitler ile ilgili kuram, varsayım ve savların dilbilim alanyazınında disiplinlerarası yapılacak olan çalışmalara kuramsal çerçeve oluşturarak kaynak olması hedeflenmektedir.
‘BU KADAR KİŞİ YANILIYOR OLABİLİR Mİ’? - DEMOKRASİNİN EPİSTEMİK DEĞERİ ÜZERİNE BİR TARTIŞMA
Authors: YUMLU Ogan
Published: March 2020

Bu yazıda demokrasinin epistemik değerine, yani demokratik karar alma usulünün adil bir yönetim biçimi olmanın yanı sıra, doğru kararlar üretmeye de meyilli olduğuna dair iddialar incelenmektedir. Yazıda özellikle epistemik demokrasi yaklaşımının önemli bir temsilcisi olan Helene Landemore’un görüşleri ele alınmaktadır. Landemore’un ‘demokratik akıl’ kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen fikirleri ele alındıktan sonra bu yaklaşım, demokrasi ve doğruluk ilişkisine dair farklı pozisyonlarla karşılaştırılarak demokrasi teorileri içerisinde bir bağlama oturtulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, epistemik demokrasi yaklaşımının doğruluk kavramıyla kurduğu ilişkide bazı sorunlar ya da eksiklikler olduğu tespit edilmekle birlikte, bu yaklaşımın özellikle demokrasinin neden çoğulculuğu benimsemesi gerektiğine dair önemli bir argüman sunduğu ve böylece demokrasi ile liberalizm arasındaki bağı sağlamlaştırdığı savunulmaktadır.
Разломы в фундаменте восточной части Воронежского кристаллического массива по морфометрическим данным
Authors: Tregub Aleksandr I. , Shevtsov Dmitrii E.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Разломы в фундаменте Воронежского кристаллического массива (ВКМ) играют важную роль, как в формировании структуры осадочного чехла, так и в особенностях минерагении территории. Их современная активность влияет на сейсмичность региона, а также на развитие экзогенных геологических процессов. Картирование разломов требует комплексного подхода, включающего геоморфологические методы. Однако применение этих методов должно иметь ряд ограничений. Методика: На основе цифровой модели рельефа восточной части Воронежского кристаллического массива выполнен статистической анализ высот земной поверхности. Он включал определение и интерпретацию центральных моментов распределения высот. Результаты и обсуждение: Зоны разломов в кристаллическом фундаменте восточной части Воронежского кристаллического массива находят избирательное отражение в морфометрических параметрах рельефа земной поверхности. Выделяются современные активные разломные зоны, зоны активные на неотектоническом этапе, а также зоны разломов, которые пассивно проявляются в цифровой модели рельефа. Надвиги и шарьяжи, которые сформировались на заключительных этапах консолидации фундамента, не находят своего полного отражения в морфометрических показателях современного рельефа. Заключение: Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при геологическом картировании, инженерно-геологических изысканиях, эколого-геологических исследованиях и в сейсмическом районировании территории.
Эволюция палинокомплексов отложений аллювиальной формации Байкальской рифтовой зоны в неогене
Authors: Tregub Tamara F. , Volkov Maxim A. , Hassan Abdulmonem Issa , Hamoud Adnan Al
Published: March 2020

Введение: В настоящее время остается не решенной проблема выделения стратонов в осадочных отложениях неогенового периода территории Байкальской рифтовой зоны. Для решения этого вопроса необходимо провести сопоставление результатов палинологических исследований отложений позднего кайнозоя Восточных Саян и южного побережья озера Байкал и их систематизацию в хронологическом ряду палеогена-неогена. Методика: Все образцы обрабатывались по сепарационному методу Гричука, который включает: обработку 10% соляной кислотой (HCl), щѐлочью (NaOH), плавиковой кислотой(HF) и тяжѐлой жидкостью (KJ+CdJ+H2O). После обогащения мацерат просматривался под микроскопом с увеличение х400-х600. Принадлежность спор и пыльцы к секциям, родам и видам определялась по признакам морфологического строения экзины, энтины, апертурного аппарата, пор и наличия борозд. Результаты и обсуждение: Описанный палинологический материал отложений озерно-аллювиальной формации южного побережья Байкала и осадочных образований, перекрытых базальтами тиссинской серии на территории Восточных Саян, сопоставлен с данными стратотипических разрезов прилегающих регионов. Это позволило обосновать соответствие полученных данных стратиграфическим рубежам региональной схемы неогена. В эоцене в общем составе пыльцы преобладают покрытосеменные. Последний этап олигоцен характеризуется преобладанием голосеменных. В нижнем миоцене также преобладает пыльца голосеменных, но в отличие от олигоцена увеличивается количество пыльцы покрытосеменных. Для среднего миоцена характерно богатое видовое разнообразие пыльцы как покрытосеменных, так и голосеменных пород. В плиоцене ведущее значение занимает пыльца голосеменных. Заключение: Детальный анализ состава палинокомплексов позволил впервые обозначить наличие на данной территории отложений палеогеновой системы и выстроить в хронологическом ряду спорово-пыльцевые комплексы неогена. На основе палинологических исследований в Байкальской рифтовой зоне, определены хронологические рубежи базальтовых покровов тиссинской серии, в рамках миоцена-нижнего плиоцена. А также возрастные границы толщ и свит озерно-аллювиальной формации южного побережья Байкала в рамках верхнего эоцена-нижнего плиоцена.
Литология и фации ястребовских отложений присводовой части Воронежской антеклизы
Authors: Milash Alexey V.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Статья посвящена изучению вещественного состава ястребовских отложений раннего франа присводовой части Воронежской антеклизы, а также характеристике составленных литолого-фациальных карт масштаба 1:200 000 и схем седиментогенеза. Методика: В ходе работы основным методом исследования был литолого-фациальный анализ. В результате изучения каменного материала и на основании описания скважин выделялись литогенетические типы отложений, использованные при построении фациальных карт. Результаты и обсуждения: В результате подробной литологической характеристики основных типов ястребовских образований, показано, что формирование исследуемых осадков практически на всей исследуемой территории происходило в прибрежно-морских и мелководно-морских условиях со слабой и средней активностью гидродинамического режима, а на юго-востоке Воронежской антеклизы – в лагунных и дельтовых условиях. Определяющим фактором осадконакопления на юго-востоке территории являлась эксплозивная вулканическая деятельность. Заключение: Ястребовские отложения формировались в условиях теплого гумидного климата при малоамплитудных тектонических движениях. В это время море трансгрессировало с востока, а с юга и запада шел снос терригенного материала. Характерной особенностью ястребовских образований является примесь в них пирокластического материала на юго-востоке территории, поступавшего из действующих вулканов. Данные результаты могут быть использованы при проведении геологосъемочных работ на исследуемой территории и стать основой для литолого-фациального картирования масштаба 1:200 000 всей территории Воронежской антеклизы.
Палеопротерозойские диориты Троснянского массива Курского блока Сарматии: U-Pb возраст, изотопная систематика и источники расплавов
Authors: Korish Ekaterina Kh. , Savko Konstantin. A. , Samsonov Alexandr V. , Chervyakovskaya Maria V.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Постколлизионный магматизм Восточной Сарматии с возрастом около 2.06 млрд. лет выражен внедрением в кору огромного объема магм. В пределах архейского Курского блока широко распространены массивы гранитоидов I типа, приуроченные, главным образом, к палеопротерозойской Тим-Ястребовской рифтогенной структуре. Она приурочена к палеоархейской гранулит-гнейсовой области в восточной части Курского блока. Михайловская палеопротерозойская рифтогенная структура находится в мезоархейской гранит-зеленокаменной области, где доминируют гранитоиды ТТГ ассоциации. Для единственной крупной Троснянской диоритовой интрузии в Михайловской структуре отсутствуют данные по возрасту, элементной и из отопной геохимии, и, соответственно, о ее тектонической позиции и источниках расплавов. Цель настоящей статьи – оценка изотопного возраста, определение источников расплавов и условий кристаллизации для диоритов Троснянской интрузии в Михайловской палеопротерозойской структуре на западе Курского блока. Методика: Выполнено петролого-геохимическое и геохронологическое изучение диоритов Троснянского массива в Михайловской палеопротерозойской структуре на западе Курского блока. Результаты и обсуждение: Полученный возраст кристаллизации диоритов Троснянского массива 2058 млн лет отвечает постколлизионному магматическому событию, широко проявленному во всей Сарматии. Распределение редких и редкоземельных элементов в породах и цирконах свидетельствуют о значительных глубинах зарождения расплавов близких к полю устойчивости граната. Кристаллизация диоритового расплава, напротив, имела место на небольших глубинах. Lu-Hf и Sm-Nd изотопные данные для диоритов свидетельствуют о длительной коровой предыстории их протолитов, которыми могли быть породы палеоархейского ядра Сарматии. Заключение: Троснянский диоритовый массив с возрастом 2058 млн лет сформировался во время постколлизионного магматического события (2050–2070 млн лет), имевшего место на всей территории Сарматии. Диоритовые магмы сформировались на значительных глубинах в поле устойчивости граната, в результате контаминации внутриплитных базитов палеоархейским коровым веществом. Кристаллизация диоритового расплава имела место в малоглубинных условиях.
Анализ распределения глубинной электропроводности в пределах Воронежского кристаллического массива по методике У. Шмукера
Authors: Gruzdev Vladislav N.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Для получения информации о параметрах глубинных проводящих зон Воронежского кристаллического массива (ВКМ) и сопряженных структур использовались вариации геомагнитного поля. В работе рассматриваются обобщѐнные результаты магнитотеллурических исследований территории ВКМ, обработанные по методике У. Шмукера. Методика: Обработка экспериментального материала, основанная на анализе геомагнитных вариаций в частотной области, включала расчет комплексных передаточных функций по методике У. Шмукера. Результаты: По полученным данным построены карты векторов индукции и возмущения для Т = 1800 с. Приведен анализ структуры геомагнитного поля в пределах различных блоков Воронежского кристаллического массива. К северу от г. Тамбова наблюдается крупная аномалия геомагнитных вариаций, получившая название как Тамбовская аномалия электропроводности. К сочленению Белгородско-Михайловского и Крупецкого макроблоков в пределах мегаблока КМА приурочена Обоянская аномалия, характеризующая характер глубинной электропроводности. Заключение: В пределах ВКМ выявлены аномалии электропроводности на различных уровнях земной коры, которые обусловлены объектами разной природы. В пределах Обоянской и Орловской аномалий, обусловленных графитизированными сланцами с флюидами, отмечены зоны чередования знакопеременных плотностных аномалий в верхней коре. Они формируют области аномальных напряжений в осадочном чехле над зонами пониженной плотности кристаллического фундамента с вероятным размещением в них месторождений углеводородов.
Выпускники-геологи Воронежского университета в Забайкалье
Authors: Minina Olga R.
Published: March 2020

Республика Бурятия расположена в южной части Восточной Сибири, южнее и восточнее озера Байкал. Бурятия является субъектом Российской Федерации и в настоящее время входит в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа. По богатству и разнообразию ресурсного потенциала Бурятия лидирует среди большинства субъектов Российской Федерации. За последние полвека в республике выявлено более 700 различных по генезису месторождений полезных ископаемых, из них более 600 учтены государственным балансом России и территориальным балансом Республики Бурятия. Вся территория региона изучена кондиционной среднемасштабной геологической съемкой. В изучение геологического строения и развитие минерально-сырьевой базы республики Бурятия большой вклад внесли выпускники геологического факультета Воронежского государственного университета.
Implementation of the Algorithm for Corrective and Preventive Measures in the Process of Adaptive Physical Education of Pupils with Special Needs
Authors: Savliuk Svitlana , Kashuba Vitalii , Romanova Victoria , Afanasiev Sergiy , Goncharova Nataliia , Grygus Igor , Gotowski Rafal , Vypasniak Ihor , Panchuk Andrii
Published: March 2020

Purpose. The research has developed and substantiated the algorithm for implementation of corrective and preventive measures in the process of adaptive physical education of pupils with special needs (visually impaired children with postural disorders).
Materials and methods. Twenty-eight ten-year-old visually impaired children with postural impairments (scoliotic posture or round back) participated in the experiment. Theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific literature, Internet resources, pedagogical experiment, visual posture screening (Bibyk, Kashuba, Nosova, 2012), photography, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. 
Results. The developed algorithm of corrective and preventive measures corresponds to the aim, objectives, conditions, principles, forms, didactics, control measurements, and criteria of effectiveness. During the implementation of the algorithm for corrective and preventive measures in the process of adaptive physical education of visually impaired children with postural disorders in the experimental group, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of the indicators of the posture bio-geometric profile and physical characteristics: strength endurance at significance level p < 0.05 and vertical body strength at significance level p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. 
Conclusions. The results of the researches have confirmed the effectiveness of the developed algorithm for corrective and preventive measures, namely: improvement of the posture bio-geometric profile and increase in the level of physical qualities of visually impaired children with postural disorders. Quantitative changes at the level of p <0.05 and p <0.01 of the studied indicators, harmonious development of the individuals, and successful social adaptation in communication with healthy peers prove the effectiveness of the algorithm. At the end of the transformation experiment, based on the assessment of the posture bio-geometric profile, it was determined that ten-year-old visually impaired children with a scoliotic posture or round back improved their indicators from below-average to above-average level; strength endurance indicators from basic to intermediate and sufficient level of motor readiness; static equilibrium indicators from basic and low to medium and above-average level.
Impact of Pilates on the Intensity of Pain in the Spine of Women of the First Mature age
Authors: Kashuba Vitalii , Tomilina Yuliia , Byshevets Nataliia , Khrypko Inna , Stepanenko Olha , Grygus Igor , Smoleńska Olga , Savliuk Svitlana
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of pain intensity in different parts of the spine in women of the first mature age under the influence of pilates.

Materials and methods. 64 women took part in research. The women were divided into two groups, each of which included 32 people. The study was carried out at the Sokol sports club and the Olimp fitness club in Kiev. We used the questionnaire “Visual analogue scale of pain”. 

Results. We measured the level of pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine of women of the first mature age. It was found that only 4.69 % of women do not have pain. It was found that women of the first mature age the most often feel painin the cervical region. The women of the control group were engaged in a typical Pilates program. The women of the experimental group were engaged in the author’s program, a feature of which was the use of large equipment during classes. In addition, women who could not attend classes were offered the Pilates computer program. For the experiment, no statistically significant difference between the level of pain in different parts of the spine of women was established. After the experiment, a statistically significant decrease in the level of pain in the lumbar section of women in the experimental group was recorded compared with women in the control group. 

Conclusions. The results indicate the effectiveness of large equipment to reduce the level of pain in the back of a woman.
El meu nom. Un treball d’identitat des de la mirada de l’educació sistèmica multidimensional
Authors: Pena Laguna Mercè
Published: March 2020

Sense arrels no hi ha ales...(Bertorld Ulsamer)Aquest treball és una proposta d’activitats d’educació primària, preparades i aplicades en aquesta experiència en alumnes de cicle inicial i mitjà de dues escoles diferents del Baix Camp i el Priorat. El projecte es va dur a terme durant quinze sessions que tenien una durada de tot un matí o tarda. Durant el conjunt de pràctiques englobades en el projecte “El meu nom” es van treballant les diverses competències educatives: personals, interpersonals, de conviure i habitar el món, comunicatives... A més, s’estableix un pont important de col·laboració amb les famílies per tal d’enfortir la cohesió de grup, treballar la identitat i les emocions i aprofundir en totes les dimensions de l’educació sistèmica multidimensional.