bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
руйнування сплаву ВТ1-0 з модифікованим елементами втілення поверхневим шаром
Authors: Труш В.С. , Лук’яненко О.Г.
Published: November 2024

У наших роботах показано, що твердорозчинне модифікування поверхневого шару киснем впливає на втомну довговічність титанового сплаву ВТ1-0 за циклічних навантажень. Також виявлено, що існує «оптимальний» рівень зміцнення K ≈ 70%, при якому досягнуто найбільший приріст довговічності відносно вихідного K =0%, (не зміцненого) стану та при зміцненні на інші рівні K =20%, та K =100% ((K = ((Hпов – Hcерц)/Hсерц)·100%, де: Hпов – твердість поверхні титану; Hсерц – твердість серцевини титану). У даній роботі показано кореляцію між фрактографічними та механічними дослідженнями славу ВТ1-0 з різним рівнем зміцнення K.Згідно з результатами фрактографічних досліджень, для поверхні зламу сплаву ВТ1-0 у вихідному стані (K =0%) після випроб на циклічний розтяг характерна невелика кількість скольних фасеток малих розмірів, а також незначна кількість деформаційних гребенів (на рисунку не показано). При K =20% зафіксовано незначну кількість деформаційних гребенів (рис. 1 а), а при K =70% – максимальне подрібнення мікрорельєфу руйнування, з явним наростанням долі мікров’язкої складової зламу у вигляді деформаційних гребенів (рис. 1 б). На зразках з рівнем зміцнення K =100% виявлено вторинні тріщини та збільшення скольних поверхонь руйнування (рис. 1 в).Аналогічні результати були отримані й на зразках сплаву ВТ1-0 з різним рівнем зміцнення після руйнування обертовим згином. Зокрема у вихідному стані K = 0% зафіксовано руйнування, типове для в’язких конструкційних матеріалів (на рисунку не показано). У випадку для K = 20% виявлено, що зародження мікротріщини та їх початковий ріст здійснюється переважно шляхом розшарування по площинах ковзання і на мікрофрактограмі фіксуються досить протяжні (~ 50 мкм) фасетки циклічного квазісколу, які розмежовані деформаційними гребенями ямкового характеру (рис. 1. г).Підвищення рівня зміцнення поверхні до K = 70% – оптимального для опору втомі ‑ обумовлює ще більшу фрагментацію мікрорельєфу зламу на початковій стадії руйнування (рис. 1 д). Розмір окремих фрагментів становить 5…20 мкм. Істотно зростає кількість деформаційних гребенів, тобто превалює в’язкий мікромеханізм руйнування. Розмір окремих фасеток межзеренного відколу біля вогнища зародження тріщини складає 5…15 мкм. Однак при K = 100% відбувається помітна зміна мікромеханізму руйнування на його початковій стадії, але якісно в протилежну сторону: злам стає крихким (рис. 1 е). Подібно до вихідного стану розмір окремих фасеток циклічного квазісколу зростає, деформаційні гребені виявляються лише епізодично. Зростає частина міжзеренного відколу, а біля вогнища зародження руйнування зафіксовано окремі фасетки міжзеренного відколу розміром до 50…60 мкм, які сумірні з товщиною зміцненого шару металу.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРООБРАЗОВАНИЕМ И СВОЙСТВАМИ ОТЛИВОК ИЗ МАГНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА МЛ5 ДЛЯАВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Шаломеев В.А. , Цивирко Э.И. , Слынько Г.И. , Глотка А.А. , Морозов Д.А.
Published: November 2024

Использование магниевых сплавов в производстве автомобильных двигателей открывает широкие возможности для уменьшения их массы, обеспечивая при этом повышение коэффициента полезного действия,уменьшение расхода топлива и дальности пробега автомобиля. При этом, детали из магниевых сплавов обладают достаточными пластическими характеристиками, обеспечивающими им высокую сопротивляемость смятию и ударную вязкость в сочетании с повышенной усталостной прочностью, а так же хорошую способность поглощать шум и вибрацию. Постоянное развитие и совершенствование автомобильных двигателей выдвигает повышенные требования к деталям из магниевых сплавов, что обуславливает необходимость улучшения их механических свойств и жаропрочности.Известно, что химические элементы и их содержание могут изменять структуру и свойства магниевых сплавов. На основе атомно-электронного строения элементов обоснован выбор и определены элементы (Si, Sc, Ti, Zn, Ge, Y, Zr, Ag, Sn, Nd, Hf, и Pb), способные улучшать структуру, механические свойства и жаропрочность отливок из сплава МЛ5. Установлено, что предел прочности исследуемых сплавов растет с увеличением содержания элемента до 1,0 %, а пластичность повышается только при содержании элементов в диапазоне 0,05…0,1 %. Сильнее упрочняют сплав Zr, Hf, Sc, Nd, а улучшают его пластичность Y, Ti, Nd, Sc. В результате проведенных исследований определена роль интерметаллидных фаз, образующихся при легировании магниевых сплавов.Установлено, что размер микрозерна сплава определяется объемным процентом образующихсяинтерметаллидов. Исследована зависимость морфологии и топологии этих фаз от химического состава магниевых сплавов и их влияние на структуру и свойства металла. Показано, что легирование магниевых сплавов измельчает интерметаллидную фазу. При этом, большее влияние на улучшение механических свойств магниевых сплавов оказывали сферические интерметаллиды меньших размерных групп, а жаропрочность магниевых сплавов увеличивалась с повышением температуры плавления легирующих элементов и определялась в первую очередь количеством термостойкой интерметаллидной фазы. Проведенными исследованиями установлено, что с помощью микролегирования изученными элементами можно управлять структурообразованием магниевых сплавов и заметно улучшать качественные показатели отливок.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХАРАКТЕРУ РУЙНУВАННЯ МАТЕРІАЛУ ПІД ДІЄЮ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ В ІМПУЛЬСНОМУ РЕЖИМІ РОБОТИ ЛАЗЕРА
Authors: Щукін С.О. , Забелло Є.І.
Published: November 2024

Лазерні технології все дедалі більше використовуються в машинобудуванні та мають ряд різноманітних застосувань: для різання металів, підготовки поверхні матеріалу, створення різноманітних покриттів, контроль якості виплавленої продукції тощо. Під дією лазерного випромінювання матеріал руйнується й постає питання про характер руйнування і можливості контролю за цим процесом. Одним з можливих шляхів управління процесом може бути зміна параметрів лазерного випромінювання, до яких відносять тривалість імпульсу, енергія в імпульсі і частота проходження імпульсів, оскільки в залежності від цих параметрів змінюється характер руйнації речовини, форма утвореного кратеру, кількість випаруваної речовини. Тому важливим є дослідження впливу параметрів джерела лазерного випромінювання на процес руйнування матеріалу.Для руйнування проби використовувався твеpдотiльний лазеp з активним тілом на основі кpисталу алюмоiтpiєвого гpанату активованого iонами неодиму з накачкою iмпульсної ксенонової лампи ИНП5/60. Живлення лампи накачки здiйснювалось блоками БПЛ-66/33, (БПЛ-75/33) з максимальною енеpгiєю в pозpядному контуpi до 75 Дж. Лазер працював в суттєво багато імпульсному режимі. В залежності від типу модулятора (модулятори добротності з початковими коефіцієнтами поглинання 73%, 50%) та ступеню перевищення порогу генерації лазер випромінював переміну по кількості послідовність імпульсів (цуг) з тривалістю одного імпульсу близько 10 нс і енергією одного імпульсу 12 мДж, 15мДж, 20 мДж відповідно для першого, другого модуляторів та їх комбінації. Часовий інтервал між імпульсами змінювався від 100 мкс (у випадку генерації двох імпульсів ) до 7-10 мкс (випадок генерації 17 –23 імпульсів). Фокусування лазерного пpоменю здiйснювалось за допомогою лiнзи з фокусною вiдстанню ~ 75 мм. При цих умовах на поверхні зразка можна було досягнути потужності до 109 Вт/см2 .Розглянуто різні режими роботи лазерного джерела. На рис.1 (1,2,3,4) наведені фотографії характеру пошкодження поверхні зразків деяких матеріалів. Видно, що збільшенням числа імпульсів поступово зменшується глибина кратеру, що утворюється при поглинанні лазерного випромінювання, а діаметр ділянки з якої випаровується речовина збільшується. Тобто випаровування відбувається рівномірними прошарками, що забезпечує кращий контроль при обробці матеріалу. Досліджено, що при багатоімпульсному впливу лазерного випромінювання може бути реалізований режим «м’якого» руйнування поверхні матеріалу без утворення глибоких кратерів, з контролем кількості випаруваного матеріалу. Тобто, багатоімпульсний режим впливу значно збільшує можливості для впливу на процес руйнування зразку. Рис. 1. Характер руйнування зразків різних матеріалів в залежності від числа імпульсів в цузі: 1) моноімпульс, 2) 4 імпульси, 3) 17-19 імпульсів, 4) 10 імпульсів.
ARIMA Model in Water Consumption Prediction of City of the Massaguet
Authors: Moussa Alifa Youssouf , He Liu
Published: November 2024

Water is a natural resource that is essential for the life of all living beings, as well as for the development of several sectors, including economic, social and industrial. Globally, water covers almost three-quarters (3/4) of the earth’s surface, but it is important to note that less than a third of the volume is usable for human consumption . The importance of research in this area is crucial, because water is first synonymous with life. Water-related issues generate enormous problems in terms of health, society, economy and environment. The current system of operation and management is obsolete, requiring a reorganization to move from old technology to artificial intelligence, in order to ensure effective and efficient management. At the same time, it is essential to modernize watermelon cultivation, based on an adapted and optimized yield. The total daily water consumption of the city of Massaguet was 1452 m3/day, while the project horizon foresees a consumption of 3565 m3/day. The hourly peak consumption was 214.39 m3/h, and that planned for the project horizon will reach 526.44 m3/h, representing an increase of 41%. For 1000 m3 water tower, the pumping time is 12 hours, distributed according to peak hours. Three large-diameter boreholes, starting at a flow of 210 m3/h, ensure this pumping. In contrast, the old system, with a 350 water tower and 2 boreholes starting at 12 hours. Water is synonymous with life; its control and management are essential for consumption, agriculture, livestock and other activities, thus contributing to a healthy life.
Sustainability and Research in the Colombian-Ecuadorian Public Higher Education System
Authors: Burbano Pulles Marco , Meneses Quelal Orlando
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this study was to analyze the sustainability orientation of research models in four public higher education institutions (HEIs) located in the border area between Ecuador and Colombia. Using a previously validated instrument based on the Delphi methodology, data were collected from the heads of the research units of these HEIs. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the research models of the four institutions and the principles of sustainability in general. However, one institution showed significantly superior performance in the environmental and economic dimensions, suggesting a better integration of sustainability criteria into its research model. The main methodological contribution of this study lies in the comprehensive characterization of HEI research models by assessing multiple indicators in four key dimensions: environmental, social, economic and institutional. This pioneering analysis contributes to the understanding of the integration of sustainability in public HEI research models in a frontier context, a topic scarcely addressed in the specialized literature. The findings have practical implications, providing HEIs with empirical evidence to critically evaluate and improve their research models, aligning their priorities with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Photo-Enhanced Fingerprint Security: Defending Against Spoofing
Authors: Sterling Max
Published: November 2024

Fingerprint recognition is one of the most popular biometric technologies that is used for protection of different applications, including individuals’ facilities and significant objects. Nevertheless, the modern trends in the development of the spoofing attacks such as the usage of artificial fingerprints that mislead the fingerprint sensors threatens the stability of the systems in question. This article presents an overview of the novel field of enhancing fingerprint security using photography that essentially improves the capability of the fingerprint recognition system against attacks using fake fingerprints. The present article turns to the updated trends of using imaging technologies to enhance the mechanisms of fingerprint security and, based on the review of the corresponding literature, reveals the major issues and perspectives of the further development of this field of study.
Effect of Ketorolac Administration on the Rate of Nonunion of Operatively Treated Pediatric Long-Bone Fractures
Authors: Pereira Daniel E. , Ford Caleb , Mittal Mehul M. , Lee Tiffany M. , Joseph Karan , Madrigal Sabrina C. , Momtaz David , Torres-Izquierdo Beltran , Hosseinzadeh Pooya
Published: November 2024

Background:

Nonunion is a rare yet serious complication in pediatric fracture healing that can lead to patient morbidity and economic burden. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with an increased risk of fracture nonunion in adults, but data are lacking in the pediatric population. This study examines the relationship between postoperative ketorolac administration and nonunion in operatively managed pediatric long-bone fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted with use of TriNetX, a research network that encompasses data from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. A total of 462,260 patients from 52 health-care organizations met the inclusion criteria. Patients <18 years old with operatively managed upper or lower-extremity long-bone fractures were included. The exposure of interest was ketorolac administration within 30 days postoperatively between 2003 and 2023. Nonunion was identified and verified with use of the pertinent medical codes. Absolute risks and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for both study groups. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:

After propensity score matching, 48,778 patients were identified per group. The incidence of nonunion was 2.19% in the ketorolac group and 0.93% in the non-ketorolac group (HR, 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.46, 3.21; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a higher risk of nonunion in patients with lower-extremity fractures (HR, 3.45; 95% CI: 3.14, 3.75; p < 0.0001) than in those with upper-extremity fractures (HR, 2.11; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.32; p < 0.0001). Among the fracture location subgroups, the greatest HR for nonunion was observed in patients with femoral fractures, followed sequentially by those with tibial and/or fibular fractures, humeral fractures, and radial and/or ulnar fractures.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date to explore postoperative ketorolac use and nonunion in the setting of operatively managed pediatric long-bone fractures. Nonunion in children was rare, occurring in <1% of all included patients. Ketorolac administration was associated with a 2 to 3-fold increase in nonunion risks, with pronounced implications for patients with lower-extremity fractures, particularly those with femoral fractures. Clinicians should weigh the therapeutic advantages of non-opiate analgesia with ketorolac against the risk of nonunion in order to optimize postoperative pain management and recovery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimizing Well Integrity with Accurate Forecasting of Casing and Tubing Resistance Reduction Trends Through Innovative Numerical Modeling Techniques
Authors: Aliko E. , Casciaro D. , Conte A. , Busollo C. , Baronio E. , Abdo E. A.
Published: November 2024

Well integrity is an essential aspect of well operations, and international standards are stringent on its application. Tubing and casing corrosion constitutes a major risk to well integrity and a challenge that must be analyzed preventively. Corrosion logs are programmed to verify the status of the barriers, but there is currently no methodology for planning future logs. In this paper, we propose a numerical modeling method to forecast tubular resistance reduction trends and estimate the barrier’s residual life.

Corrosion logs are expensive and require the well to be shut in, which impacts the cost of the operation. Therefore, a numerical methodology for planning future logging is preferable to planning based on experience. Here we propose a methodology for predicting the point at which the downhole barriers will no longer satisfy the maximum allowable annular surface pressure (MAASP) criteria, using data from historical corrosion logs and a time-linear corrosion model. This innovative methodology recalculates MAASP for collapse and burst resistance of corroded pipes while considering well completion design and vertical depths resulting from the directional survey.

The proposed methodology provides a comprehensive assessment of the corrosion progress, making it a more reliable tool for forecasting future corrosion trends. The methodology uses the last two corrosion logs for optimal prediction, but it also works when a single corrosion log is available. Numerical modeling is then used to calculate pipe resistance at each depth step of the LAS file, drawing a picture of the resistance vs. depth and time. The result of this new method is a chart that forecasts the progressive reduction of A-Annulus MAASP and the time at which it will cross the minimum criteria of the operator. Furthermore, the proposed methodology provides a probability window that takes into consideration the best- and worst-case scenarios.

This is the first time that numerical modeling is used to recalculate MAASP and to forecast MAASP reduction trends in well barriers, based on corrosion/erosion measurements. The corrosion logging schedule can, hence, be programmed before MAASP reaches the operator’s limit, thus optimizing planning and costs for the operator. This, in turn, leads to a reduction in costs without affecting the overall operability and risking barrier failures.
Safety outcomes and immunological correlates in a prospective clinical trial of immune checkpoint therapy plus debulking surgery for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Padmanee , Goswami Sangeeta , Gao Jianjun , Basu Sreyashi , Shapiro Daniel , Karam Jose , Tidwell Rebecca , Ahrar Kamran , Campbell Matthew , Shen Yu , Trevino Alexandro , Mayer Aaron , Espejo Alexsandra , Seua Christian , Macaluso Marc , Chen Yulong , Liu Wenbin , He Zhong , Yadav Shalini , Wang Ying , Rao Priya , Zhao Li , Zhang Jianhua , Jindal Sonali , Futreal Andrew , Wang Linghua , Tannir Nizar M.
Published: November 2024

Surgical removal of primary tumors was shown to reverse tumor-mediated immune suppression in pre-clinical models with metastatic disease. However, how cytoreductive surgery in the metastatic setting modulates the immune responses in patients, especially in the context of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT)-containing treatments is not understood. Here, we report the first prospective, non-comparative clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility, clinical benefits, and immunologic changes of combining three different ICT-containing strategies with cytoreductive surgery or biopsy for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). Based upon baseline evaluation and surgical eligibility after 6 weeks of ICT treatment, 43 patients on this trial proceeded with cytoreductive surgery, while 36 patients who had medical comorbidities preventing surgery or did not have a lesion amenable for surgical resection underwent post-ICT biopsy as specified in the clinical trial protocol, and 25 patients who discontinued study participation due to progressive disease or toxicities or withdrawal of consent did not receive either procedure (total N=104). Our data demonstrated that, in the subgroup of patients receiving the combination of ICT with cytoreductive surgery or biopsy, no additional ICT- or procedure-related toxicities were observed as compared to historical data. The median OS (overall survival) was 54.7 months for patients who received ICT-containing regimens plus cytoreductive surgery (n=43). Immune-monitoring studies with co-detection by indexing (CODEX) identified distinct tumor spatial conformation of cellular subsets as a novel and improved predictor of response to ICT. Importantly, single-cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) data demonstrated that surgical removal of the tumor increased antigen-presenting dendritic cell population with a concurrent reduction in KDM6B-expressing immune-suppressive myeloid cells in the peripheral blood. Together, this study highlighted the feasibility of combining ICT with cytoreductive surgery in a metastatic setting and demonstrated the potential enhancement of immune responses following ICT plus cytoreductive surgery in patients with metastatic disease.
Investigation of the Relationship between Nurses' Professional Self-Efficacy and Parents' Perception of Family-Centered Care in the Care of Hospitalized Children at the Pediatric Specialty Center of Ardabil, 2024
Authors: zia sana khalilzadeh , Aghamohammadi Masoumeh , Moshfeghi Shohreh , Vosoghi Nazila
Published: November 2024

Background: Nurses, as the most important and largest professional group providing care to children and families, play a crucial role in collaborating with the parents of hospitalized children. The foundation of nursing care is based on a family-centered approach, where families are actively involved in the care process. The provision of family-centered care in educational and medical centers requires skilled nurses with high self-efficacy. Nurses with high self-efficacy are believed to demonstrate high competence in collaborating with children, parents, and colleagues. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between nurses' professional self-efficacy and parents' perception of family-centered care for hospitalized children.
Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2024 at the Pediatric Specialty Center of Ardabil in northwest Iran. 200 nurses were selected using a census method, and 220 parents of hospitalized children were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using two valid and reliable tools: the Professional Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Nurses, and the Perception of Family-Centered Care Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests using SPSS version 24.
Results: According to the results, 54% of the nurses reported their level of professional self-efficacy as moderate, while 78% of the parents’ Perception of family-centered care in nursing was moderate. A significant correlation was found between nurses' professional self-efficacy and parents' perception of family-centered care (r = 0.2, P = 0.004).
Conclusions: The findings indicate a weak correlation between nurses' professional self-efficacy and parents' perception of family-centered care. Therefore, nursing managers and administrators might consider organizing workshops to enhance nurses' self-efficacy and collaboration with parents, which could lead to improved quality of nursing care for hospitalized children.
Adsorption Application of Choline Chloride Modified MIL-101 (Cr) in Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Li Entian , Zhang Zuquan , Zhou Minghe , Yao Pei
Published: November 2024

In order to design better carbon capture materials, MIL-101 (Cr) was prepared using hydrothermal method, and then modified with different concentrations of choline chloride in a one-step method to enhance its CO2 adsorption capacity. The characterization and experimental results indicate that the modified ChCl-MIL-101(Cr) has significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity for CO2. Specifically, the 0.075-ChCl-MIL-101(Cr) has shown a 61.191% increase in adsorption capacity compared to the raw material. Moreover, the regenerated adsorption loss rate of the modified material is below 4%, which proves the permanence of the material synthesis.By simulating isotherms using Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the non-uniformity of surface bonding was obtained. Therefore, this study opens up a new avenue for designing choline chloride modified MOF based materials with advanced gas adsorption properties.
Designing Hybrid Plasmonic Nanolasers with High Quality Factors
Authors: Khosravi Nazila , Pakarzadeh Hassan
Published: November 2024

The miniaturization of optical devices with the advancement of micro/nano technology has led to the development of many research fields and various practical applications. Plasmonic nanolasers have attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to confine light in dimensions below the diffraction limit and hence the significant reduction of semiconductor laser dimensions. In this paper, a hybrid plasmonic nanolaser with structure consists of GaP gain material, silver metal, graphene layer, silica and air gap is designed and by choosing different gain materials such as InP, WS2, MoS2 and MoTe2, the effective refractive index and quality (Q) factor are simulated. Also, the effect of air gap on the mentioned parameters is investigated. The results show that by choosing the WS2 material for the hybrid plasmonic nanolaser and the air gap dimensions of 25 nm width and 10 nm length, the maximum Q factor of 328.7 is obtained which is higher than those of reported in the literature.
Healthcare Professional Return to Work Post Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Yan , Shen Ya , Mao Bijun , Zhou Peihong
Published: November 2024

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences of healthcare professionals returning to work following breast cancer diagnosis.
Design: This was a descriptive qualitative study.
Methods: 20 doctors and nurses were interviewed face-to-face with a semi-structured interview guide in three municipal hospitals. The study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for evaluating qualitative research reports. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method.
Results: Four major themes and corresponding sub-themes were extracted from the collected data as follows: 1. Return to Work: Willingness and Conflicts; 2. Cancer Progression Anxiety; 3. Physical and Mental Re-Awareness, including (1) Decreased Physical Ability, (2) Frustration and Diminished Self-Esteem; 4. Reflection and Re-planning, including (1) Past Self-Questioning, (2) Active Life Re-planning, (3) Revitalizing Life's Value, and (4) Career Changes: Coping and Adapting.
Conclusions: This study revealed a positive reintegration into the workforce among participants in China's healthcare professionals with a notably advanced medical understanding. It implies that, for BC survivors, a combination of rich medical knowledge, a stable work environment, substantial income, and robust support from colleagues and superiors play a positive role in enhancing their adaptability post a breast cancer diagnosis. Additionally, interviewees expressed guilt during sick leave, it was suggested that hospitals implement comprehensive support mechanisms related to leave, acknowledging the imperative need for adequate rest during the treatment period.
Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.
Identifying the Psychological Needs of the Elderly in Kashan, 2023
Authors: moradi Zahra , saberi mahdieh , akbari hossien
Published: November 2024

Background
With advancements in medical sciences, increased life expectancy, and reduced mortality, the global elderly population is progressively increasing, requiring special programs for the elderly. Planning for this age group is essential, especially in recognizing their actual needs. Additionally, the rise in stressors and depression among the elderly highlights the importance of psychological care for them. This study aimed to identify the met and unmet needs of the elderly population.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on 384 elderly individuals selected through cluster random sampling. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Camberwell Elderly Needs Assessment (CANE) questionnaire, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, with a significance level of P < 0.05.
Results
Out of 384 elderly participants, 64.3% were male, and 35.7% were female, with 91.7% living in houses and 8.3% in apartments. In terms of living conditions, 89.3% lived with their spouse, 5.4% with others, and 5.3% lived alone. Based on the CANE criteria, the needs in areas such as psychosis control, mental distress, health information, intentional self-harm, accidental self-harm, neglect and abuse, alcohol use, and behavior were partially met. Meanwhile, some unmet needs were identified in psychosis control, mental distress, health information, and other areas.
Conclusion
The highest met needs were related to health information and treatment, while the highest unmet needs were associated with mental distress. The elderly received minimal formal and informal support in most areas. Hence, there is a need to improve access to psychological support services tailored to the elderly, particularly for their unmet needs.
An Effect of Antarctic Ice Melt Towards Seawater Density, Coastal Stability and Seismic Activity
Authors: Yan Jiaqi
Published: November 2024

In the recent century, the issue of raising sea level is becoming higher and higher prominent due to the world's rising urbanisation. Combinations of structural, anthropogenic, and climate-related variables contribute to sea-level rise. This publication reviews and analyses recent research on these elements' contributions to raising sea level. The findings indicate that melts glaciers and sheets of ice has primarily caused raising sea level, and we expect this trend to persist in the upcoming decades. As the problem gets worse, geological disasters linked to rising sea levels are getting greater attention. Research suggests that the ocean's ice melting will bring about 2.6% more water into the system than the sea initially displaced. The ice that appears to be melting due to global-warming will result in an increase in the ocean level. All the remaining floating shelf ice and sea ice will melt. The water level would rise by around 5 cm if it melts. When grounded snow slides into the ocean, it causes a two-part indicates rise in level of water, with some of the rise occurring later. When the ice is floating, the initial portion is equivalent to the amount of sea water that has been displaced. The following segment is equivalent. As it melts, it contributes 2.6% of the first. These outcomes of the difference in the equivalent weight quantity between fresh and salt water. This aspect of raising sea level, which can be seen as a type of sea level rise caused by halostronicin relation to the melted (even before it melts) and displaced salt water collectively, appears to have gone unacknowledged in the literature up to this point. Variations in salinity are recognised for impact level of the sea, yet all current analyzes overlook onvolume of estimated shift. We place additional review and emphasis on Antarctic Ice Melt, raising Sea-level and Ocean Density Changes, Geological Stability, Antarctic Continental Shelf Fracturing, and Seismic Activity to gain a deeper comprehension the impact of raising sea level. We proposed the Advanced Archimedes Principle Based on Enhanced Conditional Variational Autoencoder (AAP-ECVAE) to address the threats posed by rising sea levels disasters. We ultimately subject the coastal urban system to a resilience-based quantitative disaster assessment concept, which evaluates its resilience to geological disasters resulting from sea-level rise. When compared to the RF, GP, and NN models, the suggested model AAP-ECVAE shows the best accuracy, precision, and recall.
The isolation, identification, whole-genome sequencing of Trichoderma brevicompactum TB2 and its effects on Plant Growth-Promoting
Authors: Li Hao , Kuerban Zuohereguli , Jiang Rou , He Feixue , Hu Xiao , Xu Yangchun , Dong Caixia , Shen Qirong
Published: November 2024

[Aims] Trichoderma species are recognized for their plant growth-promoting and biocontrol properties. This study aimed to isolate effective Trichoderma strains from the rhizosphere of pear trees and evaluate their growth-promoting effects on various plant species.
[Methods] Ten Trichoderma strains were isolated using a gradient dilution plating method, and Trichoderma brevicompactum TB2 was selected through laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The growth-promoting properties of TB2 were assessed in pot experiments with cucumber and apple rootstock seedlings, and through whole-genome sequencing. Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and iron-solubilizing capabilities were measured. [Results] TB2 showed high production of IAA, siderophores, and iron-solubilizing abilities. The draft genome, spanning 18 scaffolds totaling 38.70 Mb with 10,436 protein-coding genes, revealed 431 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Application of TB2 spore suspension (1.0 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil) significantly increased fresh and dry weights across all tested plants and enhanced root development metrics in cucumber and pear seedlings. TB2 inoculation also boosted major and minor nutrient levels in the leaves of apple rootstock seedlings.
[Conclusions] TB2 exhibits strong growth-promoting effects across different plant species, improving physiological indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and biomass, while enhancing nutrient absorption without host specificity. TB2 can thus be utilized as an excellent agricultural microbial resource strain.
Use of concentrated detergent to optimize the analysis of microplastics in water samples with chitinous zooplankton fragments
Authors: Passos Camila C. , Labuto Geórgia , Semensatto Décio
Published: November 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants of increasing concern, requiring labor-intensive investigation and rigorous quality control. Organic particles in environmental samples, like zooplankton appendages, can resemble MPs, complicating their analysis. To address this, we developed a method to reduce chitinous zooplankton fragments in marine water samples. Samples were collected along the São Paulo coast using a 300 µm plankton net, then oven-dried and treated with H2O2 (35%, 24 h) and HNO3 (65%, 24 h). Despite these treatments, chitinous fragments remained, often resembling MP fibers. We dissolved the fragments using Extran® detergent (20 mL), stirred and heated in a sand bath at 50ºC for 2 hours. This approach effectively eliminated chitinous material, accelerating visual MP identification and improving analytical accuracy. The method is recommended for samples with high zooplankton content, as it streamlines MP analysis and enhances result reliability.
Optimization of Process Prediction Models for Hot-Wire Laser Metal Deposition Using Transfer Learning Strategies Based on Simulation Datasets
Authors: Li Chunkai , Pan Yu , Shi Yu , Wang Wenkai
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the challenge of predicting and controlling melt pool behavior in Hot-Wire Laser Metal Deposition (HW-LMD) technology by proposing a transfer learning strategy based on simulation datasets to optimize process parameter prediction. First, a large amount of simulated data was generated using a mechanistic model to pre-train a deep neural network (DNN). Then, transfer learning was applied by incorporating actual experimental data to enhance the model's accuracy in predicting process parameters related to melt pool dimensions. The experimental results demonstrate that this method significantly reduces the demand for experimental data and lowers prediction errors. The model trained with traditional methods exhibited an error rate of 21.16%, whereas the error was significantly reduced to 2.03% after optimization using the transfer learning strategy based on the simulation dataset. The findings offer a novel approach to process optimization and quality control in the field of additive manufacturing.
Tensile behavior of sandwich structures using various 3D printed core shapes with polymer matrix composites
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad Ali
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing, also referred to as 3D printing, has become a widely used technology in various industries such as automotive and aerospace. Its simplicity of use in producing complex and customized items that have a big impact in the manufacturing industry. The adhesion of 3D printed parts with polymer matrix composites is an important aspect of Manufacturing, especially in the context of engineering and advanced materials. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the tensile properties of various 3D-printed core shapes, including hexagonal, triangular, and tri-hexagonal. The analysis focuses on these shapes with infill densities of 10% and 100%, in conjunction with hollow and epoxy-filled specimens, using polylactic acid (PLA) with polymer matrix composites as woven glass fiber. Adhesive (Epoxy YD-128) is used to make adhesion between PLA and Glass fiber. Experimentation scrutinizes the common weak point typically found at the neck of the samples and evaluates the areas where they break. Furthermore, a numerical analysis employing the finite element analysis (FEA) is executed to pinpoint stress concentration areas in each type of specimen using Abaqus. The results showed strong correlation between experimentation and FEA, that hollow, hexagonal honeycomb composite structure having 10% infill density gave better mechanical strength as compared to 100% infill density. Moreover, in epoxy filled, Tri-hexagonal honeycomb composite structure having 100% infill density gave better mechanical strength as compared to 10% infill density.
Evaluating bioactivity of Trichoderma asperellum against Colletotrichum siamense and its growth-promoting effects on Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)
Authors: MUKHOPADHYAY ANKUR , Mukherjee Soumik , Dutta Subham , Kanthal Sahely , Mondal Goutam
Published: November 2024

Leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum siamense is a significant fungal threat to various plants, including Aloe vera. This study explores the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma asperellum against C. siamense while simultaneously evaluating the effects on Aloe vera growth parameters. Ten Trichoderma isolates (T1 to T10) were obtained from the rhizosphere of Aloe vera through serial dilution and assessed for their antagonistic activity using a dual culture technique. Among these isolates, five- T1, T3, T4, T5, and T7 demonstrated the greatest suppression of radial growth of C. siamense, along with high sporulation rates. In pot tests, isolate T3 emerged as particularly effective, enhancing plant weight by 144.30%, shoot length by 42.40%, shoot biomass by 144.40%, root length by 200%, root biomass by 146.20%, and leaf number by 20.80%. Additionally, T3 significantly reduced the severity of leaf spot disease, achieving a 77.44% decrease in disease severity. Morphological and molecular characterization confirmed isolate T3 as Trichoderma asperellum, with its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence submitted to the NCBI GenBank and obtaining an accession number PP565067. These findings underscore the potential of T. asperellum as an effective biocontrol agent, promoting healthier growth in Aloe vera while simultaneously managing leaf spot disease, making it a promising solution for sustainable agriculture practices.
A Carbazole Acrylonitrile Substituted Turn-On Fluorescence Chemosensors for Cyanide Ion and its Application to Real Sample Analysis
Authors: Sengottaiyan Jayapriya , Parvathi K , Ebenazer A.	Franklin , Sampathkumar N , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban , Rajagopal Gurusamy
Published: November 2024

An efficient probe (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)acrylonitrile (CZ-BTZ) for selective turn-on response with cyanide (CN−) ion sensor was developed by simple Knoevenagel condensation of 9-ethyl-9H carbazole-3-carbaldehyde with 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) acetonitrile. The sensing ability of probe CZ-BTZ was tested with different inorganic anions through spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods. The UV-vis and fluorescence spectral studies show the formation of a new adduct between CZ-BTZ and CN− by appearing with a new absorbance band at 350 nm and turn-on fluorescence at 535 nm. The absorbance and fluorescence study reveals the formation of 1:1 (CZ-BTZ: CN−) stoichiometry adducts with an estimated association constant of 2.04 ×105 M− 1. The probe CZ-BTZ could detect CN− down to 1.48 nM without much interference, much lower than the WHO limit (1.9 µM) in drinking water. The sensing mechanism of CZ-BTZ with CN− ions was studied using FTIR, ESI mass analysis, and DFT calculation. Further, the probe was applied for the real-time food sample analysis of CN− ions.
Gut bacteria and host metabolism: the keys to sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) quality traits
Authors: Wang Luo , Pei Honglin , Xing Tengyu , Chen Dongsheng , Chen Yuchen , Hao Zhenlin , Tian Ying , Chang Yaqing , Ding Jun
Published: November 2024

Background Gut bacteria have a significant impact on modern genetics and contribute to the improvement of aquatic germplasm, which is a key area of focus for breeders. However, the effects of complex interactions between gut bacteria community and phenotypic of aquatic products remain largely unknown.Results Here, we unravel the association between phenotypic, gut microbiota and host metabolic variables of 216 sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) by Metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS) and Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) methods. Our findings reveal that a total of 14 microbial biomarkers and 201 metabolic markers considered being associated with polysaccharide and collagen content. Among them, Desulfobacterota has the capacity to facilitate the synthesis of octopamine within the neuroactive ligand-receptor metabolic pathway, subsequently influencing polysaccharide content. Additionally, the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was shown to enhance collagen content through the facilitation of glycine synthesis.Conclusions In conclusion, we reveal that host metabolism-mediated phenotypic are dependent on the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that precision microbiome management could be employed as a strategy for engineer high-quality aquatic germplasm.
Observation of surface Fermi arcs in altermagnetic Weyl semimetal CrSb
Authors: Lu Wenlong , Feng Shiyu , Wang Yuzhi , Chen Dong , Lin Zihan , Liang Xin , Liu Siyuan , Feng Wanxiang , Yamagami Kohei , Liu Junwei , Felser Claudia , Wu Quansheng , Ma Junzhang
Published: November 2024

As a special type of collinear antiferromagnetism (AFM), altermagnetism has garnered significant research interest recently. Altermagnets exhibit broken parity-time symmetry and zero net magnetization in real space, leading to substantial band splitting in momentum space even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. Meanwhile, parity-time symmetry breaking always induce nontrivial band topology such as Weyl nodes. While Weyl semimetal states and nodal lines have been theoretically proposed in altermagnets, rare reports of experimental observation have been made up to this point. Using ARPES and first-principles calculations, we systematically studied the electronic structure of the room-temperature altermagnet candidate CrSb. At generic locations in momentum space, we clearly observed band spin splitting. Furthermore, we identified discrete surface Fermi arcs on the (100) cleaved side surface close to the Fermi level originating from bulk band topology. Our results imply that CrSb contains interesting nontrivial topological Weyl physics, in addition to being an excellent room temperature altermagnet.
Scalable analysis of large multi-ancestry biobanks by leveraging sparse ancestry-adjusted sample-relatedness
Authors: Lin Xihong , Dey Rounak , Li Xihao , Li Zilin
Published: November 2024

Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) and ridge regression are commonly applied in genetic association studies to control for population structure and sample-relatedness. To control for sample-relatedness, the existing methods use empirical genetic relatedness matrices (GRM) either explicitly or conceptually. This works well with mostly homogeneous populations, however, in multi-ancestry heterogeneous populations, GRMs are confounded with population structure which leads to inflated type I error rates, massively increased computation, and reduced power. Here, we propose FastSparseGRM, a scalable pipeline for multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) studies. It utilizes a block-diagonal sparse ancestry-adjusted (BDSA) GRM to model sample-relatedness, and ancestry PCs as fixed effects to control for population structure. It is ~ 2540/4100/54 times faster than BOLT-LMM/fast-GWA/REGENIE for fitting the null LMM on 50,000 heterogeneous subjects. Through numerical simulations and both single-variant GWAS and rare variant WGS analyses of five biomarkers (Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, BMI, Total Bilirubin) on the entire UK Biobank data, we demonstrate that our approach scales to nearly half-a-million subjects and provides accurate p-value calibration and improved power compared to the existing methods.
Increased maternal consumption of methionine as its hydroxyl analog improves placental angiogenesis and antioxidative capacity in sows
Authors: Zhou Rui , Lai Shanshan , Yuan Peiqiang , Zhe Li , Yang Lunxiang , Mercier Yves , Hu Liang , Zhang Xiaoling , Hua Lun , Zhuo Yong , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Feng Bin , Che Lianqiang , Wu De , Fang Zhengfeng
Published: November 2024

Background
Previous evidence suggests that methionine (Met) consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival. To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxy-Met analogue (OHMet) improve placental function, forty sows were divided into four groups and fed with either a control diet (CON), 0.15%OHMet, 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met (n = 10). Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion, and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT) based quantitative proteomic analysis.
Results
Here, we reported that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased the placental vascular density compared with the CON group. Proteomic analysis identified 5136 proteins; of these, 87 differentially expressed proteins were screened (P < 0.05, |fold change| > 1.2). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched in 0.15%OHMet vs. CON and in 0.15%OHMet vs. 0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism, and in 0.15%OHMet vs. 0.3%Met were NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GSTT1) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the CON and 0.3%OHMet groups, upregulated the protein expression of thioredoxin (TXN) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups. In contrast, sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1β levels compared with the CON group, and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9 (NDUFA3) compared with the 0.15%OHMet group. Furthermore, homocysteine, an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of methionine, was shown to damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN, and leading to apoptosis and ROS production.
Conclusion
In contrast to improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity by dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation, 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function via aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress, which is associated to cumulative homocysteine levels.