bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postprogram Follow-up
Authors: Searcy Yan Dominic , Harden Troy
Published: October 2023

Chapter 10 focuses on embedding program follow-up as a means to buttress sustained, long-term impacts. The chapter expands the idea of follow-up to include in-program preparation for youth transitions out of programming. Attention is given to framing the end of programming participation as a type of rite of passage to be recognized through a formal celebration. The chapter closes by suggesting that the social capital and care networks developed through the program itself allow for the postprogram utilization by youth. The ending of the program, in fact, is framed not only as a beginning but also with enduring psychic and social support.
Heavy Metal
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. , Harrelson Eric
Published: October 2023

This chapter explores how horror movies reflected and refracted a moral panic over heavy metal music that peaked in the 1980s. The Exorcist (1973) depicted “backmasking” and linked this concept to the demonic in the popular imagination. By the 1980s there were a series of lawsuits alleging that backmasked messages in metal albums caused suicides and musicologists were testifying about the influence of backmasking before congress. Many low-budget horror films from the 1980s depicted rock bands either committing murder or being murdered, as well as adolescents being influenced by backmasking and other supernatural effects associated with metal music. In 1993, this discourse contributed directly to the trial of the West Memphis Three and indirectly to the murder of “black metal” enthusiast Øystein Aarseth in Norway.
Conclusion
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. , Harrelson Eric
Published: October 2023

The final chapter considers how “The Exorcist effect” has been amplified by social media and considers what can be done to mitigate this situation. The chapter examines the QAnon conspiracy theory as the most recent manifestation of The Exorcist effect. Many of the claims made by QAnon draw on horror films. In particular, the idea that political elites torture children to harvest “adrenochrome” appears to be entirely derivative of films. The authors suggest that while The Exorcist effect has caused demonstrable harm, the answer should not be censorship or restricting the artistic freedom of filmmakers. Instead, efforts should be made to educate the public and foster higher levels of media literacy.
Careering across the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Divide
Authors: Troyansky David G.
Published: October 2023

The chapter examines life histories from the Old Regime to the Restoration. Multiple careers bridged the revolutionary and Napoleonic divide. Individuals juxtaposed national history and their own experiences, as they sought stability in time of revolution and war, and they pushed the ministry into responding to their demands. It looks at multiple narratives, seeing how claimants patterned their life histories, presenting the corps as intermediary between individual and nation, and engaging in a process of self-fashioning and life review. It reports on exemplary lives, often rooted in Old Regime values, that construct the French historical background, from Revolution and Napoleonic interlude to Restoration.
Entitlement and Complaint
Authors: Troyansky David G.
Published: October 2023

The chapter explores magistrates’ writing, their style, their pathos and melodramatic complaint, and the prosaic accounting and formulaic claims of professional dignity in the Napoleonic era and early Restoration. It explores the moral language of honor and merit and the practical language of need, and describes how life-course events and historical circumstances prompted individual demands. Meanwhile, institutional demands encouraged self-consciousness and representation of the career according to expected norms. It considers the medicalization of late life, as magistrates and their physicians employed a medical discourse concerning diseases of the sedentary life. The language of retiring magistrates looks ahead to a range of gerontological models: disengagement, decline, activity, creativity, and narcissism.
Calling Out Racism in Social Work
Authors: Whitaker Tracy R.
Published: October 2023

One of the many responses to the social justice and antiracist movement that has swept the country is the directive to “call it out.” However, whether one chooses to “call it out” often depends upon multiple factors including the relationship and power dynamics between the parties and the potential consequences of such action. Within social work practice and academic circles, the challenge to “call it out” is even more acute. Although there is significant movement and seemingly goodwill toward the ideals of an antiracist profession, the universal summons to “call it out” is not without its accompanying burdens and potential repercussions. This chapter identifies behaviors and responses that continue to serve as barriers to the development of an antiracist social work agenda, as well as challenge social workers to strengthen their abilities to move wholeheartedly toward antiracism.
Survival and Resistance in the Academy
Authors: Alvarez Antonia R. G. , Dove Lakindra Mitchell , Mehrotra Gita R. , Rodriguez-Jenkins Jessica , Hunte Roberta , Ouanesisouk Trinidad Alma M.
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, women of color (WOC) faculty at a predominantly White university reflect on their experiences resisting and surviving White supremacy within social work education. Segments of dialogue and other nontraditional forms of writing are included to honor their own multiple ways of knowing and being, as they describe practices of relationship and community care as activism. The authors posit that their existence, survival, and voices in the spaces of social work academia are in and of themselves acts of resistance that disrupt White supremacy and challenge dominant culture norms. A central theme that WOC are made into “monsters” in the academy emphasizes the otherness the authors have each experienced, as well as the ways they are learning to thrive within the spaces of monstrosity. The goal of the chapter is to honor the authors’ and others’ experiences, and to amplify strategies of resistance and survivance that they practice as WOC scholars and educators.
Radically Imagining Antiracist Social Work Research Using a Trauma-Informed, Socially Just Framework
Authors: Francis Meredith W. , Jemal Alexis , Voith Laura A. , Lee Hyunjune , Korsch-Williams Amy E. , Ortega-Williams Anna , Hamler Tyrone
Published: October 2023

This chapter shares how a group of social work researchers used radical imagination to create a space of joyful resistance to the dominant narrative of the social work research process that perpetuates White supremacy and oppression. It explores three questions: What type of research do the researchers want to do? How do they conduct trauma-informed, socially just (TISJ) research? Who do they need to be in order to carry out TISJ research? It shares how this group used multiple practices as conduits for radical imagination and invites readers to engage in their own radically imaginative work to transform social work research and themselves. It offers ways of “staying in the mess” without clear answers and of becoming “social work philosophers” who use philosophical activism to challenge injustice, the results of which may be the start of a praxis to reclaim our humanity and an invitation to join a “soul-cial” work movement.
Taking a Look in the Mirror to See the Future
Authors: Crudup Chandra , Fike Chris , McLoone Claire
Published: October 2023

One mechanism for disrupting the White supremacy that has become a master narrative in social work scholarship, practice, and education is to create a counter-narrative. To create that counter-narrative, this chapter will present a model that intentionally reframes, retools, and repairs social work education, scholarship, and practice. It will outline mechanisms for reframing the nature of dominant social work approaches and the ecological systems framework, retooling the linear systemic structures social workers work within and reinforce through scholarship and practitioner preparation, and repairing the harm that that has been done to historically marginalized and oppressed populations through centering Whiteness. The chapter will draw from concepts of equitable creative placemaking to envisage a way forward that intentionally commits to addressing historical trauma through reparations and restorative justice by centering equitable community practice to allow generations of people to benefit from a collective and holistic environment.
Creating an Anticolonial Academic Space for Social Work Education
Authors: Seymour Ann M. , van Rensburg Margaret Janse
Published: October 2023

While many institutions of higher education in Canada currently acknowledge their situation on traditional and sacred territories, they remain centers of colonial repression. Colonial institutions fail to seek out the social justice that is rightfully deserved by Indigenous people. The purpose of this chapter is to outline how social work can incorporate alternate ways of knowing to accommodate learning and teaching that support Indigenous students. This chapter identifies strategies that embody Indigenous worldviews and acknowledge diverse ways of knowing. It addresses the relationships that inform Indigenous and Western worldviews and provides recommendations as a plan forward to include other ways of knowing. As a call for safer spaces in academia, this chapter challenges institutions of higher learning to accommodate other ways of knowing.
Resisting Curriculum Violence and Developing Antioppressive, Trauma-Informed, Culturally Sustaining Approaches for Social Work Education and Practice
Authors: Sharkey Caroline N. , Strickland Chris , Elkins Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Social work programs have long committed to the integration of social justice and cultural diversity. This professional commitment to social justice and stated affirmation that diversity, culture, and the social environment shape human experiences is threaded through program curricula. However social work education does not consistently incorporate an educational framework for integrating culturally sustaining pedagogies that synthesize critical inquiry and culturally responsive learning opportunities more fully ingrained with antioppressive social justice concepts or culturally responsive pedagogies that fully integrate the diversity of social work students and the individuals and communities they will serve. This chapter draws from multiple professional fields to (a) provide an integrative overview of current approaches to social justice education in social work and (b) identify strategies to incorporate antioppressive, trauma-informed, culturally sustaining pedagogies into social work education.
Remedying the Foundation of Social Work Education
Authors: Gillani Braveheart , BlackDeer Autumn Asher , Cohen Flora
Published: October 2023

Professional social work practice was developed and propagated by White people, much like the majority of American institutions. This foundation has led to a profession that haphazardly perpetuates selective aphasia about the impacts of racism both historically and at present. Furthermore, social workers continue to engage in implicit or explicitly racist behaviors without critically thinking how they contribute toward upholding racist systems. It is vital that social work education institutions utilize critical race theory to embed antiracist pedagogy into practice. Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) scholars have produced robust antiracist pedagogical ideologies, techniques, and practices over time; however, the academy has resisted integrating these practices within bachelor’s- and master’s-level social work education. This chapter discusses the history of social work and antiracism and the current state of social work values, competencies, and pedagogy, and puts forth several strategies for implementing and integrating antiracist pedagogy within social work classrooms.
Crime Scene Investigation
Authors: Andersson Ruben , Keen David
Published: October 2023

The chapter sets out the book’s approach to analyzing war and security systems. Starting with the fall of Kabul of 2021, it argues that the perverse outcomes of the long-running war on terror in Afghanistan are more than a blip or an anomaly. When policies fail (and fail persistently), as they did in Afghanistan, we need to look not only at “what went wrong” but also at “what went right”—and at who is benefiting from these apparent failures. The chapter finds that the phenomenon of success-amid-failure is especially pronounced when it comes to the remarkably persistent habit of going to war against some threat or other. This habit of waging “war on everything” has spread from the early days of the war on Communism and the war on drugs to “fights” against crime, terrorism, migration, and many more complex political problems. Understanding the systemic gains to be had from disastrous interventions of this kind is a key aim of “wreckonomics.”
Warriors on Drugs
Authors: Andersson Ruben , Keen David
Published: October 2023

Chapter 6 examines the long-standing war on drugs, which has involved extraordinary levels of violence in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, the Philippines, and elsewhere—levels of violence that have at times surpassed those of “real” war. The chapter observes complex and often synergistic relationships between the dynamics of the drug trade itself and the criminalizing and militarized response to it. Moving between the “external” war in poorer countries and the war on drugs and crime in the principal instigating state (the United States), it shows how addictive the war system becomes once its costs can be successfully exported to those with little or no stake in it.
How to End the War on Everything (In Four Complex Steps)
Authors: Andersson Ruben , Keen David
Published: October 2023

Chapter 9 sets out suggestions for undoing the wreckage of failing systems. Building on the previous two chapters, one crucial change concerns moving from relatively “fixed” to more open knowledge environments, in which dissent can more easily be expressed. Another concerns the specific ways in which the costs and perverse benefits of the wars can be tracked and contested, including through the creative building of coalitions. There is hope and inspiration to be found here, especially when comparatively examining how wars and security systems have been challenged in recent years. However, in looking at dismantling these various war and security systems, one must also take account of their remarkable resilience.
Military and Veteran Criminality
Authors: Seamone Evan R.
Published: October 2023

Law enforcement has increasingly leveraged resources as vehicles to connect criminal-justice–involved veterans and residential mental health programs, monetary benefits, and other vital services not ordinarily available to civilian offenders. These systemic veteran-specific interventions within the criminal justice system operate along the Sequential Intercept Spectrum. This model addresses persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system, providing opportunities at each sequential step of processing. Curiously, while the contemporary civilian criminal justice system defines veterans as a special population worthy of alternatives, the military justice system has turned about-face, rejecting therapeutic or diversionary alternatives, instead doubling down on a punitive response. Punitive discharges frequently involve bars to the receipt of the most vital governmental healthcare and compensation services and imposed stigma. Consequently, this chapter advocates for extending the Sequential Intercept Spectrum to military service to divert offenders from stigmatizing discharge characterizations before their exit from the armed forces.
Generational Trends in Employment and Crime Among Military Families
Authors: McDaniel Justin T. , Black Eric R. , Henson Harvey , Kawashima Yurino , Koran Jennifer , Brown Daniel
Published: October 2023

Studies have shown that military service is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and other mental health outcomes, such as depression, stress, and anxiety. As veterans experience difficulty in coping with mental health problems, their families suffer, too. Because mental health is a predictor of suicidal ideation, and such mental conditions are associated with criminality, homelessness, and poor employment outcomes, children of military families may find navigating the transition to adulthood difficult in the absence of a parental figure with life stability. With those mentioned above as a foundation, this chapter empirically examines and compares the employment outcomes and criminality of children with and without parents who identify as veterans. Data from a longitudinal study (the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health) are used to construct predictive models of intergenerational trends in said outcomes. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of practice and policy.
Recruiting, Training, and the Permissible Bounds of Preventing and Mitigating Moral Injury in the U.S. Military
Authors: Hamilton Jesse
Published: October 2023

As moral injury has been recognized in a growing number of settings, policymakers and decision-makers have called for specially tailored, discipline-specific prevention and mitigation measures. In the military, a comprehensive discourse has begun to focus on recruitment, training, combat operations, and after-action support. This chapter explores the normative dimension of moral injury by examining three different combat scenarios. This analysis informs how the military might identify individuals who are less susceptible to moral injury on the modern battlefield. By gauging recruits’ susceptibility to moral injury, the military can make more informed prevention and mitigation decisions. However, striking a balance between a military staffed by warfighters highly susceptible to moral injury and those with no moral code is a delicate balancing act. The author aims to locate the permissible bounds of military recruiting and training practices aimed at preventing and mitigating moral injury, and to offer concrete recommendations that fall within these bounds.
Pain, Addiction, and Suicidality Among Veterans
Authors: Banou Evangelia , Angeli Nicolle , Sandusky Stacey , Miller Stephanie N.
Published: October 2023

Chronic pain is common in the United States, with recent estimates indicating that one in five adults suffer from chronic pain. Relative to the general population, veterans experience chronic pain at higher rates and report more severe pain. Chronic pain is associated with poorer quality of life, physical disability, increased healthcare utilization, and considerable emotional distress. Further, addiction often exists concurrently with chronic pain. Research shows that chronic pain is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. Given that suicide prevention is the number-one clinical priority for the Veterans Health Administration, evidence-based treatment for veterans with chronic pain and opioid use disorder is needed, especially for such veterans with a history of suicidal ideation or behavior. Evidence-based treatments are available for chronic pain, opioid use disorder, and suicide risk. Research on the concurrent, integrated, evidence-based treatment of chronic pain, opioid use disorder, and suicide risk is sparse but is identified as a need in the field, especially within the veteran population.
Identifying and Treating Moral Injury in Military Members and Veterans
Authors: Yeterian Julie , Berke Danielle , Rosenthal Joel , Litz Brett
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides background information about the construct of moral injury (MI) as it applies to war veterans. The authors aim to fill in the gaps in the understanding of MI in the military context by (a) defining the types of events that are potentially morally injurious in the military context and describing how to assess exposure to such events; (b) describing a working model that depicts the psychological and social impact of exposure to events that may cause a crisis of conscience; and (c) discussing the implications of acknowledging MI in service members and veterans, in terms of assessment, treatment, and legal issues.
Creative Tensions in the Past Lives of the Buddha
Authors: Naomi Appleton
Published: October 2023

What happened to the Buddha-to-be between his vow at Dipankara Buddha’s feet and his birth in his final existence? The intervening period is said to have lasted a vast number of lifetimes, and many of these lifetimes are recounted in the form of “jataka” or past-life stories, a genre hugely popular in Buddhism. In particular, there are two tensions in understandings of the jataka genre: first, between the idea that the stories demonstrate the long path to buddhahood, and the fact that many stories exhibit far more worldly concerns; and second, between the stories’ role in building up a community around the Buddha and their role in emphasizing the necessity of the Buddha eventually transcending all ties. These tensions offer creative opportunities for storytellers and audiences, going some way toward explaining the enduring presence of the genre.
The Buddha’s Career
Authors: Fiordalis David
Published: October 2023

The Buddha’s teaching career spans more than forty years, but when seen through the lens of the Buddha-life blueprint, three main events come into focus: the Buddha’s first sermon in Sārnāth, his performance of the “great miracle” at Śrāvastī, and the descent from the Heaven of the Thirty-Three at Saṃkāśya. The literary approach to the stories of these events provides readers with a model for appreciating other narratives that feature the Buddha’s teachings and miracles. It can also help one explore the tensions between the realistic and cosmic dimensions of the stories, and between the human and superhuman dimensions of the Buddha as a character. At the same time, it may suggest ways that storytellers and audiences have breathed life into these stories, and how they have used them to endow their lives with meaning.
Future Gnosis
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: October 2023

Stephan Hoeller, founder of the Ecclesia Gnostica, an American Gnostic Church in California, and author of books including Freedom and A Gnostic Catechism, exemplifies many aspects of the larger argument in this book concerning Gnosticism and freedom. There are connections among Hoeller, Franklin Merrell-Wolff, and Joel Morwood, as well as B. Alan Wallace, and authors of books on American spirituality and inner life. The connections between the “Radical Dzogchen” of Keith Dowman, and the mindfulness app of Sam Harris in relation to the cultural and religious complexity of traditional Buddhism, as well as gnosis in contemporary and possible future contexts are also discussed.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Social Work
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Social Work: A Casebook is a comprehensive text on child and adolescent mental disorders that social workers commonly see in their field and employment settings. Assessment and intervention practices and processes for common child and adolescent mental health concerns are discussed. Assessment topics include biopsychosocial-cultural/spiritual risk and resilience, American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), standardized assessment scales, and best practices for multi-informant, multimethod assessment. Intervention topics include evidence-based psychotherapy, medication, and the process of evidence-based practice with children and adolescents. Detailed case examples illustrate the implementation of evidence-based interventions with diverse and traditionally underserved client populations, and research is integrated throughout. The social work context is integrated throughout by considering the complexities of multiple system levels involved with the occurrence of mental disorders and youth adjustment and recovery and the professional ethics and demeanor when working with impoverished, diverse, and vulnerable youth populations in interdisciplinary settings. Interdisciplinary team membership and delivery of services across a range of contexts that social workers may practice in are represented.
Engagement
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Dropout rates for child mental health treatment are substantial, ranging from 34% to 46%. Many youths do not come to the treatment process voluntarily; the school, the courts, and parents may require that the child attends. Engagement techniques must address the sometimes nonvoluntary nature of children’s role in the process. Additionally, many caregivers initially believe their child’s treatment will only involve the child. However, many of the evidence-based practices discussed in this book involve caregivers in the treatment process. In this chapter, the practice models of solution-focused therapy and motivational interviewing are briefly covered for their ability to engage and motivate clients in treatment. The chapter also reviews the empirical literature on evidence-based engagement strategies in child mental health treatment and describes promising approaches.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

This chapter focuses on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, which in the United States has become a highly prevalent diagnosis for many reasons and has been associated with controversies, which are discussed. Underdiagnosis, particularly of Black children, has become a recent concern. The current formulation of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder means that biological contributors are emphasized. However, social factors may also play a role in development. School intervention and behavior therapy, the most researched psychosocial interventions, are reviewed, as are stimulant medications. Assessment and intervention strategies are applied to a case example. Recovery from ADHD may happen over time, but it often continues in adolescence and into early adulthood; therefore, interventions should focus on helping clients learn to cope with, compensate for, and accommodate to symptoms.
Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fears, worry, or avoidance that can disrupt a person’s capacity for social functioning. The most salient anxiety disorders among children are separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder. Even though obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) lives in a separate chapter in the DSM, it is covered in this chapter because the risk and protective factors, as well as the treatment approaches, are similar to those of the anxiety disorders. A predisposition to anxiety is likely due to both genetic and environmental influences, with OCD being more heritable. Anxiety disorders in youths are treatable, and effective early intervention involving exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can prevent anxiety disorders in adulthood, as well as common sequelae such as risk for substance misuse and suicide. Therefore, practitioners who work with young people should know how to screen for anxiety and refer children and adolescents to appropriate treatment.
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

The stressor and trauma-related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders include stress and trauma disorders, reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders. This chapter concentrates on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the most part, and, at the end of the chapter, a case on adjustment disorder, a diagnosis that is given to many youths seen in outpatient care, is presented. Although most youths experience trauma, only a small proportion develop PTSD. Risk and protective factors for its development are discussed. PTSD requires careful differential diagnosis because other disorders may be more appropriate, share overlapping symptoms, or are comorbid. Evidence-based treatments include trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
Curating difference
Authors: Adlington Robert
Published: October 2023

The composer Elliott Carter was unusually explicit about the parallels between his complex, multi-layered compositions and the ideals of democratic pluralism. Central to the analogy was the way in which the disputatious relationship between textural elements resembled a spirit of debate between strong-minded individuals. Yet Carter also showed himself highly ambivalent about the consequences of American democracy for cultural and intellectual life. These contradictory motifs are illuminated by examining the twentieth-century reception of themes within Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, which supported a conception of pluralism that presupposed a certain model of the liberal individual and so limited the ‘infinite play of differences’ that pluralism ostensibly sought to protect. In Carter’s music, this finds reflection in models of democracy that project robust exchanges between individuals who are substantially similar to each other.
Admitting interests
Authors: Adlington Robert
Published: October 2023

The pioneers of musical indeterminacy—John Cage, Morton Feldman, Earle Brown, and Christian Wolff—emphasised how their innovations offered emancipation to performers, an emancipation achieved by leaving many aspects of the realisation of their compositions unfixed or ambiguous. At the same time, these composers’ interest in kinds of non-intentionality led to the elaboration of an ethic of performance that entailed significant constraint upon performers’ pursuit of their own inclinations. Claude Lefort’s philosophical writings on the indeterminacy of democracy offer a means to evaluate these conflicting tendencies within musical indeterminacy. Lefort’s proposition that democracy consists of both the essential ‘disincorporation’ of society, and individuals’ attempts to reincorporate it, leads to an account of the practice of musical indeterminacy that stresses not ascetic disinterest but rather the assembly of multiple competing interests, and a consequent ‘institutionalisation of conflict’.
Introduction
Authors: Zoloth Laurie
Published: October 2023

This is an introduction to the main themes of global warming and Jewish thought. The introduction to a book about climate change and Jewish ethics describes why the issue of climate change has an intense urgency, and why we have so far failed to find a way to respond powerfully enough to change the course of the problem. In part, this book was written to think aloud about the most pressing ethical issue of our time. The chapter argues that there are inescapable and role-specific duties: in the face of a crisis, one must act with all that one has. This book was written because nothing else, no other language, has worked to change human behavior or challenge political and economic structures. The language of Scripture, the Talmud, and philosophy of Judaism may offer a different kind of argument, and a different sort of language, for such a change. The chapter argues that the traditions, histories, and texts of Jewish thought address precisely the sort of existential crisis that we face now, and thus deepen and enrich our public discourse about what to do, how to live, and who to be in our fraught time. Finally, this book was written because of the quickening of the air, the shift in the light, that tells us that we are running out of time to make a difference.
Conclusion
Authors: Zoloth Laurie
Published: October 2023

The conclusion of this book considers what virtues and values we will need to address global warming, and how difficult the problem will be when we are living in a divided democracy. The chapter carefully considers the arguments against the author’s position made by a friend who works at a conservative organization and who disagrees with the author’s views and explains what is incorrect about this data. The chapter then, optimistically, turns to the past and describes how two different social movement—one that opposed an American war in Vietnam, and one that opposed public cigarette smoking—were able to make large change possible. The chapter considers the power of faith communities in history and returns to the contention that the Scriptural resources important to Americans are a place to recover strong argument for the social good. This chapter argues that only a public discourse and social activities can change the course of history
Consistent Democracy
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

Consistent Democracy offers an intellectual history of the arguments, advocacy, and commentary about the so-called woman question and American popular government from the 1830s through the 1890s. What did it mean, a range of observers asked, that the world’s first mass democracy only enfranchised white men? The inconsistency of women’s “political nonexistence” provoked a movement for change, led by familiar figures such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Movement voices were one part of a noisy and often discordant chorus. Only by attending to this broad range of competing voices can popular political thought in nineteenth-century America be understood. Foreign observers and domestic advice gurus, activists and educators, novelists and journalists, and countless others explored contested sites of democratic womanhood: their individual autonomy, their household roles, and their participation in the polity with the franchise and without it. Tracking these investigations as they ranged across genres and through decades of a turbulent century that witnessed the violent end of slavery, Consistent Democracy shows how grappling with the woman question forced Americans to confront their aspirations and anxieties about popular government.
An Assimilation or Transgression of “Normativities”
Authors: Tshilongo Tshanduko , Rothmann Jacques
Published: October 2023

This chapter reports on an explorative sociological study on the experiences of lesbian and gay students on the campus of a South African university. The study was informed by a qualitative research design embedded in the meta-theoretical principles of social constructionism, interpretivism, and queer theory. The primary focus of the chapter is twofold. First, the focus is on how some students assimilate into the potentially heteronormative or homonormative campus cultures to curtail possible homophobia. Second, the narratives of students who noted their attempts to transgress such “normativities” are addressed. Twenty interviews were conducted with ten openly gay and ten openly lesbian students. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Evident from the findings was that students adopt principles of heteronormativity or homonormativity depending on their choice to assimilate into the heterosexual campus culture or transgress the stereotypical expectations associated with heterosexuality and homosexuality.
An Unsolved Murder
Authors: Lincoln Bruce
Published: October 2023

As knowledge of the legionary articles spread, defending Eliade’s innocence became more difficult, and continuing to do so threatened Culianu’s reputation for intellectual independence. To resolve the dilemma—and the contradictory demands of scholarly integrity and personal loyalty—he sought to publish Ricketts’s translation of those articles, along with others that could be characterized as philo-Semitic, accompanied with an interpretive apparatus that would construe the problematic evidence as exculpatory. Although he sought to hide this initiative from Mrs. Eliade, she learned of it, took legal steps to block it, and began viewing him with suspicion. Notwithstanding her ferocious opposition, Culianu made three attempts to bring out such a volume, and papers related to it were on his desk at the time of his death. Many theories have been about who was responsible for his murder, which most attribute to the Romanian secret service or to former legionaries living in Chicago. While both theories are plausible, there are serious problems with both. Culianu’s desperate wish to preserve the translated legionary articles suggests they were somehow connected to the threats on his life. The possibility emerges that Christinel Eliade, enraged at what she experienced as a profound betrayal, voiced her outrage to someone who decided to solve the problem for her.
A Noble Ruin
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

This book narrates the life and career of Mark Antony, which it sets against its contemporary social and cultural background. The origins and rise of the Antonii are also discussed. Topics include: the nature of the Roman aristocracy; Roman civic values; Roman elections; Roman education and high culture; oratory and invective in Roman society; Roman imperialism and the Romans’ conception of their empire; provincial administration, including the operations of the publicani; client kingdoms; civil war; Roman civic religion; the triumviral period; Hellenistic civic religion; Hellenistic kingship; Roman philhellenism; Ptolemaic Egypt; war with Parthia. Individuals discussed in this book include: Aulus Gabinius; Antipater the Idumaean; Herod the Great; Julius Caesar; Pompey the Great; Cicero; Cornelius Dolabella; Fulvia; Marcus Brutus; Octavian; Aemilius Lepidus; Cleopatra; Sextus Pompey; Marcus Agrippa.
Fighting for empire
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

This chapter covers Antony’s activities as a cavalry prefect under Aulus Gabinius, the proconsul of Syria. Topics covered include: the nature of Roman imperialism and the Romans’ conception of their empire; the nature of provinces and provincial administration; Rome’s policy on annexation and Rome’s relationship with its client kingdoms; the normative expectations of Roman administration, including its emphasis on justice; the operations of Roman taxation; Roman profiteering in the provinces, with an emphasis on the publicani and Roman money-lending; administrative corruption; Antony’s involvement in these practices in Syria, where he established important and lasting connections, especially with Antipater the Idumaean and his son Herod; Antony’s involvement in the political and military conflicts centred round Judea; Gabinius’ invasion of Egypt in order to restore Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra’s father, to the throne (this includes an account of the Egyptian Question in Roman politics with an emphasis on the interests of Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus); Antony’s role in the invasion of Egypt, during which he won favour in Alexandria and first met Cleopatra when she was a young girl.
The Ides of March
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

This chapter addresses Antony’s career as consul during the final phase of Caesar’s dictatorship and in the aftermath of his assassination. Topics include: the instability of Caesar’s coalition; Antony’s deployment of the auspices, as an augur, against Dolabella’s election as consul and the controversy this action incites; Caesar’s unclear final plans, including his pretensions to divinity and monarchy; the episode of the Lupercalia and Antony’s role in it; the conspiracy against Caesar led by Decimus Brutus, Marcus Brutus, and Cassius Longinus, including its underlying ideology and explicit justifications; Caesar’s assassination; the significance of Caesar’s sacrosanctitas both to the Liberators’ designs and to the Roman public’s reaction to Caesar’s assassination; the accusation of parricidium against the Liberators and its significance; the immediate reaction of Antony and Aemilius Lepidus to Caesar’s assassination, with emphasis on the imposition of order and feverish negotiations; the reconciliation of Antony and Dolabella; the amnesty of 17 March, its stipulations and implications, and the role of Antony and Cicero in devising it; the role of Caesar’s soldiers and veterans in the aftermath of his assassination; the senate’s acceptance of Caesar’s acta, including his unpublished designs.
My brother’s keeper
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

This chapter focuses on Italian affairs during Antony’s reorganization of Rome’s eastern empire. Topics include: Lucius Antonius’ alliance with Fulvia and their opposition to the policies of Octavian; Italian miseries owing to the colonization of veterans; refugees in Rome and the municipalities; military opposition to the triumvirs by Sextus Pompey and Domitius Ahenobarbus, which causes scarcity and anxiety in Rome and Italy; Antonius’ advocacy of the Italian municipalities; his early political successes against Octavian; Octavian’s concessions in the agreement at Teanum; uncertainty in Italy over the position of Antony owing to slow communications between west and east; the unexpected outbreak of civil war, during which Marcus Agrippa becomes central to the operations of Octavian’s forces; the return of Antony’s quaestor, Marcus Barbatius Pollio, and its effect on the politics of the conflict; the siege at Perusia resulting in Antonius’ capitulation; Octavian’s propaganda attacking Antonius and Fulvia; Octavian’s pardon and promotion of Antonius; the aftermath for Perusia; Octavian’s attempts to restore order and avoid further conflict; the departure of Fulvia and Julia, Antony’s mother, for the east.
Fierce wars and faithful loves
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

This chapter focuses principally on Antony’s invasion of Parthia and his conquest of Armenia. Topics include: Antony’s arrangements in Antioch, where he renewed his relationship with Cleopatra; complications attending any description of Antony’s relationship with Cleopatra, including a discussion of his letter to Octavian on the topic preserved by Suetonius; Antony’s coinage depicting himself with Cleopatra; Antony’s invasion of Parthia; his retreat; celebrations of his invasion in Rome; the defection of Media Atropatene from Parthia to Antony and its implications; Octavian’s victory over Sextus Pompey; his flight to the east; the fall and disgrace of Lepidus; Antony’s conflict with Sextus Pompey; Sextus Pompey’s capture and execution; Octavia’s journey to the east; Antony’s decision to winter with Cleopatra instead of Octavia and its effect on politics in Rome; the deterioration of Antony’s relationship with Octavian; Antony’s conquest of Armenia and its celebration in Alexandria; the Donations of Alexandria and the nature of Ptolemaic ceremony.
Patterns in Multi-Mission Peace Operations and Theoretical Expectations
Authors: Diehl Paul F. , Druckman Daniel , Mueller Grace B.
Published: October 2023

Chapter 2 begins by providing a taxonomy of eleven UN peacekeeping missions, with a description and example for each. It then examines the frequency of seventy UN peace operations during the period 1948–2016 and identifies the missions that took place in each of the operations. The chapter presents a series of empirical patterns about those missions and how they vary across time and other contexts, as well as in relation to one another. There is also a specification of twelve dimensions along which peace operations can be compared for similarity. The study uses these dimensions to develop three quantitative indicators of compatibility, each with a different underlying theoretical logic. Scores are given for all seventy UN operations across those three indicators, permitting compatibility assessments between individual or groups of missions. Finally, the chapter presents eight different theoretical expectations about how the sequencing and interactions of different missions affect their outcomes.
Research Plan
Authors: Diehl Paul F. , Druckman Daniel , Mueller Grace B.
Published: October 2023

Chapter 3 describes the research plan for this study. Five cases of peace operations are selected as case studies: United Nations Protection Force or UNPROFOR (Bosnia); United Nations Operation in the Congo or ONUC (Congo); United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor or UNTAET (East Timor); United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUC (Congo); and the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone or UNAMSIL (Sierra Leone). This is followed by a discussion of the issues involved in making causal inferences and establishing valid baselines for assessment. The chapter then summarizes the nine missions that will be explored in the book’s five case studies and the associated information sources used to make judgments about the outcomes of the missions embedded in those operations.
Canada
Authors: Martin Philip
Published: October 2023

Canada is a net exporter of agricultural commodities whose farms rely on 60,000 Mexican-born workers to fill seasonal farm jobs. There are several guest worker programs, including the largest, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP), which the International Labor Organization has deemed a model for bilateral cooperation to manage labor organization. Most farm employers are satisfied with the SAWP, but some NGOs and unions attack the SAWP for exploiting vulnerable workers who are tied to their farm employers by contracts and must leave Canada if they lose their jobs, which advocates say makes SAWP migrants vulnerable to exploitation by their employers. Employers counter that almost all SAWP migrants are returning from the previous year, which they would not do if they were not satisfied.
United States
Authors: Martin Philip
Published: October 2023

American farmers produce food and fiber for over 330 million Americans and export almost 40 percent of the $400 billion worth of crops and livestock they produce each year. Most US farms are operated by families to produce grain and livestock, but most US-produced fresh fruits and vegetables are from large commercial enterprises that each employ hundreds or thousands of seasonal workers, 70 percent of whom were born in Mexico. The settled Mexican-born workforce that arrived illegally in the 1990s is aging and being replaced by younger Mexicans, promising a new era of dependence on legal Mexican guest workers to fill seasonal farm jobs. The bracero programs, begun during World War I and World War II, usually involved workers who lived on and were employed by the farms where they worked. Many H-2A guest workers today are brought to farms by nonfarm employers such as labor contractors and housed in motels in urban areas.
Vegetables
Authors: Martin Philip
Published: October 2023

Americans consume a half pound of fresh vegetables daily. Some of the major fresh vegetables are harvested by machine, including carrots, bulb onions, sweet corn, and leaf lettuces, but almost all broccoli, cucumbers, iceberg lettuce, bell peppers, and fresh tomatoes are hand-harvested. The typically large grower-shippers of lettuce use hand workers efficiently, placing machines in front of harvesters who cut and place the heads of lettuce on conveyor belts, with the lettuce packed for consumers in the field. There are fewer mechanical aids in watermelons and cantaloupes, whose US production is shrinking due to rising Mexican and Central American imports. Field production of hand-picked fresh tomatoes is shrinking in the face of rising imports from Mexico and Canada and more production in US greenhouses closer to consumers.