bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financiamiento no formal para el emprendimiento de una pyme (pequeña y mediana empresa)
Authors: Cabanillas Beltrán Mayra Alejandra , Díaz Rivas Ricardo Guillermo , Vivanco Gastelo Víctor Sandro , Rodríguez De La Cruz Gina Ivonne , Marcelo López Dulce Giovanna , Robles Dávila Carla Andrea
Published: March 2019

El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es identificar los tipos de financiamiento diferente al bancario y adecuado para una PYME. Al emprender un negocio es necesario recaudar la mayor información posible acerca del financiamiento adecuado, basado en las necesidades y capacidad de pago de cada emprendedor; éste debe conocer que no solo existen las oportunidades de apoyo financiero de entidades bancarias, puede buscar otras alternativas Se identificó que el tipo de financiamiento no formal más utilizado y confiable es el de las juntas o panderos que permiten al emprendedor no depender de entidades bancarias.
Administración de la calidad total:
Authors: Delgado Bustamante Diego , Meléndez Arista Yesenia , Meneses Valle Yomira , Tapia Chambergo Pamela
Published: March 2019

La finalidad de este estudio consiste en comparar la teoría de Feigenbaum, basada en el control de la calidad total mediante la supervisión de las acciones desarrolladas por los colaboradores en las compañías, y la evolución de la calidad, las cuales poseen estándares de certificación de productos y/o servicios. Para abordar el estudio se partió de analizar la investigación de la Teoría de Armand Feigenbaum y la evolución de la calidad en la actualidad, realizando resúmenes, comparaciones y contraste de información analizando el pensamiento moderno en relación a las postulaciones realizadas por el autor. Se identificó algunos argumentos postulados dentro de la teoría de Armand Feigenbaum que eran obsoletos en el manejo de la calidad total en situaciones modernas, lo que condujo a un análisis profundo de cada aspecto de su teoría, centrándose puntualmente en las diferencias del control de la calidad desde el enfoque humanista y el enfoque de procesos. Según la investigación realizada sobre la teoría de Armand Feigenbaum que define la calidad como un sistema eficaz basado en los factores humanos se logró encontrar a diferencia de lo que conocemos actualmente por ejemplo las normas ISO que siguen procesos continuos en cuanto al seguimiento de los controles totales de la calidad, algo que facilita y permite un margen mínimo de error en la calidad del producto o servicio final.
Effect of different cultivation methods on strawberry’s antioxidant value
Authors: Lálity Zs. , Borsos É. , Ficzek G. , Simon G.
Published: March 2019

The small fruit and strawberry production is economically important in Serbian agriculture. The fresh fruit is sold in domestic markets, but the frozen and processed is mainly sold in foreign markets. The growers find themselves in an ever-expanding selection of the varieties, but besides the nursery and breeder’s descriptions of new cultivars, there are only few exact results for the biological and economical ability of the varieties, which makes easier to choose the proper cultivar. The performance of the varieties in modern strawberry production is worth to investigate by adaptive cultivation methods and production technique. In the case of new strawberry varieties we know neither their needs in production nor their real capability, so they have to be compared with an older, standard control variety (‘Clery’). The breeder’s manuals give only references for the needs of the production technique, of the variety, so it is necessary to have facts, which are based on objective testing results. In this work, a new variety (‘Joly’) is being compared with the control variety. Comparative study of individual varieties are required covering the antioxidant content of the fruits (FRAP) and variability of these amounts in different years of breeding as well as the production techniques under similar circumstances.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATING THE IMMUNITY OF CARTHAGINIAN ENVOYS IN THE LIGHT OF LIV. 38.42.7 AND VAL. MAX. 6.6.3 1
Authors: Leraczyk Izabela
Published: March 2019

The article analyses the casus of beating Carthaginian envoys in 188 BC and the effects that this act exerted on the grounds of international law, sacral norms and, at a later time, on the grounds of criminal regulations laid by the Romans. Those issues are analyzed on the basis of the account by Titus Livius (38.42.7) and Valerius Maximus (6.6.3). The analysis demonstrates that emissaries dispatched to other peoples were protected by immunity and it also indicates the way in which envoys were chosen in the republican Rome, as well as the customs related to their reception. It is also presented in the article what types of behaviour might have been perceived as violations of envoys’ immunity and what sanctions were faced by those perpetrating such acts. On the grounds of ius gentium there was a threat of declaring war, which could be averted only if the perpetrator was delivered to the affected community. On the grounds of sacral law, it was assumed that a deed of that nature entailed sacrilegium, and a blame could not be in any way removed from an individual. However, the whole society could be remitted their guilt by delivering the wrongdoer to the injured party. Further, the text analyzes the proceedings in the case of causing bodily harm to Punic envoys – the actions undertaken by the urban praetor and the procedure of delivering the perpetrators (deditio) to Carthaginians, carried out by the fetiales.
DIGNITY AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AS CONSUMER’S LAW
Authors: Snarski Adam
Published: March 2019

The article indicates the norms of law established in the European Union and Poland developed on the basis of the teachings of the Catholic Church, emphasizing the dignity and freedom of religious feelings, the consumer as a human being. The issue has been compared with the controversial advertising campaigns that broadly use religious beliefs of consumers in order to increase their effectiveness. The stimulus to discuss this issue is the intensification of controversial advertisementsusing religious symbols and cults. This publication also points out the issue of offense of religious feelings in advertising and draws attention to the normative areas of their protection.
THE TAXATION OF EMPLOYEE REVENUE FROM THE FRINGE BENEFITS
Authors: Brejdak Paulina
Published: March 2019

The article presents the issues taxation of employee revenue from the fringe benefits by Personal Income Tax. On the one hand, the employee fringe benefits are identified with a defined benefit and on the other with a non-monetary incentive system. However, the benefits give rise to many doubts and controversies. The reasons for this are the lack of legal definition and the lack of their legal directory. Therefore, the views of the judiciary and decisions of tax authorities indicate for example what can be classified fringe benefits.
OBLIGATORY COMMISSIONS AND CONSULTATIVE BODIES IN LEGISLATIVE BODIES OF TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITS IN POLAND AND TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN FRANCE – DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES
Authors: Augustyniak Monika
Published: March 2019

The value of consultative democracy can not be overestimated, especially considering the local and supra-local administration gradually bringing the resident closer to self-government communities. Therefore, this issue is important and still requires improvement in the area of mutual relations between self-government authorities and residents of communes, districts/departments, voivodeships/regions. The search for common relations in participating in the management

of the self-government community is a current challenge facing the territorial self-government in both legal orders. The comparative perspective in the scope of the functioning of commissions and consultative bodies of an obligatory nature is aimed at getting acquainted with the consultative administration in the territorial self-government in both legal orders and proposing directions of changes to Polish legal regulations in this area to improve the consultative dialogue and its normative tools.
ON LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF JUDGEMENTS OF THE POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNAL PASSED BY AN IRREGULAR PANEL
Authors: Radziewicz Piotr
Published: March 2019

Recent years have gone down in the history of the Polish constitutional thought with an unprecedented dispute concerning the underlying principles for the activity and statutory position of the Constitutional Tribunal (‘CT’) . Under the dynamics of political events following the 2015 parliamentary elections the initial doubts whether some of the CT judges were appointed correctly turned into the deepest constitutional crisis in the modern history of Poland which ultimately led to decomposition of the entire state system of constitutional control. Finding all of the underlying causes of that crisis would require multifaceted analyses carried out by experts representing various scientific disciplines. Such an undertaking goes far beyond the boundaries of this study. The aim of this sketch is to reconstruct one of the episodes of the so-called Constitutional Tribunal Crisis which is a direct outcome of the appointment of CT judges by the Sejm (Parliament) to replace judges whose terms did not yet expire . This issue is of key importance for the current discussions on the nature and consequences of CT judgments . The presence of unauthorized persons in CT adjudicating panels became also an important symbolic turning point in the systemic transformation of the Polish constitutional court at the beginning of 2017 .
SOME ASPECTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC BUDGETING OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Džuňová Jana
Published: March 2019

Article presents characteristics of public administration of the Slovak Republic. The first part of article is focused on structure of public administration, with an emphasis on territorial self-government. The second part of article is focused on the budget of territorial self – government, with some aspects of fiscal decentralization. At the end of issue are presented the main conclusions, with the proposal for improvement.
TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES
Authors: Burzec Marcin
Published: March 2019

Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
INTERCONNECTIVITY AND DIFFERENCES OF THE (INFORMATION) PRIVACY RIGHT AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION RIGHT N THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Pedic Zana
Published: March 2019

Right to (information) privacy and right to personal data protection have many common contact points. However, the very act of developing data protection, as a younger right into the sui generis right shows that these two rights are not the same and that there are differences between them, huge enough to make them separate legal rights. The main trigger for noticing their different nature, purpose and background and for development of the data protection into the separate right was the revolution in the information technology solutions. This IT progress, for the first time, enabled massive and relatively cheap operations with the personal data and brought not only concern about the security of the personal data, but also unbelievable business possibilities. It was the turning point for the codification of the data protection right which started from 1970ies, aiming to create separate rules and legislation which will understand the importance of not only of protecting personal data but of their regulated and lawful usage. Despite all what was said, there is still certain confusion regarding these two rights, mainly because in the initial phase of the massive usage of the new IT solutions, when the data protection legislation still wasn’t developed, information privacy right served as the only legal protection of the data protection right and the relationship between these two rights is complex even today and deserves to be further researched
THE ROLE OF PRAXEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLESIN SHAPING COMPETENCES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Authors: Kisała Magdalena
Published: March 2019

Local governments act based on and within legal boundaries . They realize objectives which stem from law as well . In order for law to facilitate the actual realization of specific objectives, when designing and executing it, a rational legislator ought to take into account praxeological principles . The principles influence the division of tasks and allocation of competences to proper local government bodies . As a result, they contribute to their efficient operation, shape structures the bodies function in, and determine the ways these structures operate in .
REFUSAL OF THE POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNALTO APPLY THE ACT STIPULATINGTHE CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW PROCEDURE
Authors: Radziewicz Piotr
Published: March 2019

One of the politically momentous and legally precedential constitutional problems of recent years which had to be faced by the Polish constitutional court has been the dispute whether it is possible to exclude the applicable statute defining the organization and procedure of the CT proceedings as a basis for adjudication.An analysis of the judgment of the Tribunal addressing that issue proves that the Polish constitutional court excluded the possibility that the same regulation could serve simultaneously as the object of control and the basis for control proceedings.This results from the essence of constitutional control of the law which in such arrangement of its key elements would simply repeal itself, i.e. would lead to its own invalidation.Subordination of constitutional judges exclusively to the Constitution extends to all actions they perform in serving their office and other consubstantial manifestations of exercising the power to judge.This is a derivative of jurisprudential responsibilities of the Tribunal, which include both passing a final judgment as to compliance of challenged statutes, as well as other acts of application of law.Art. 195 (1) in fine of the Polish Constitution lays down a competence norm for a CT judge to refuse, in specific circumstances, to abide by the CT Act. One of the analytical assumptions is recognition of the finality of CT judgments.The possibility to exclude a provision of the CT Act is an action in the area of application of law.Determination of the legal framework for passing judgments has nothing in common with constitutional control of challenged statutes.Those actions derive from totally different orders and their goals are differe.
KEEFEKTIFAN HANDRUB DALAM MENURUNKAN ANGKA KUMAN DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONG KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Pangestu Masrur Puji , Budiono Zaeni
Published: March 2019

AbstrakUpaya mengatasi kejadian Infeksi Nosokomial salah satunya adalah dengan hand hygiene, karena tanganmerupakan media transmisi patogen tersering di rumah sakit. Dalam pelaksanaan program hand hygieneRumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong awalnya menggunakan handrub buatan pabrik, karenaterkendala biaya, maka bagian farmasi Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong membuat handrubsendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan handrub dalam menurunkan angka kumanpada telapak tangan perawat di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong. Jenis penelitian ini adalahdeskriptif analitik. Subyek penelitian adalah perawat di lima ruang rawat inap, yaitu ruang barokah,salma, husna, hidayah, dan inayah yang bekerja pada shift pagi sebanyak lima belas orang denganmasing-masing ruangan tiga perawat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata angka kuman pada telapaktangan sebelum menggunakan handrub adalah 64,867 CFU/cm2 dan rata-rata angka kuman pada telapaktangan sesudah menggunakan handrub adalah 26,867 CFU/cm2, sedangkan keefektifan handrub dalammenurunkan angka kuman adalah 81,934%. Simpulan dari penelitian adalah keefektifan handrub dalammenurunkan angka kuman di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong sebesar 81,934%. Sebaiknyahandrub dibuat sesuai prosedur yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO (World Health Organization).
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN BASIC HOUSEKEEPING PADA RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONGTAHUN 2017
Authors: Hikmawati Nur , Cahyono Tri
Published: March 2019

AbstrakPemeriksaan angka kuman pada lantai ruang Barokah Mei 2016 sebesar 58 CFU/cm2 dan toilet ruangBarokah bau.Hasil pemeriksaan angka kuman pada handle pintu kamar observasi pada ruang rawat inapBarokah sebesar 19 CFU/cm2, pada lantai ruang rawat inap Inayah kamar nomor 21 sebesar 31CFU/cm2. Pelaksanaan dusting sudah sesuai dengan SOP, namun pelaksanaan dusting pada handle pintutidak dilakukan padasetiapshift. Pelaksanaan dry mopping dengan lobby duster di ruang Inayah sudahsesuai dengan SOP, di ruang Barokah menggunakan nylon broom. Pelaksanaan damp mopping dengankentucky mop belum sesuai dengan SOP karena petugas tidak memasang warning sign. Pelaksanaanglass cleaning pada ruang Inayah dan Barokah tidak dilakukan secara rutin. Pelaksanaan toilet cleaningbelum sesuai dengan SOP , karena petugas membiarkan chemical kurang dari lima menit. Kesimpulanpenelitian adalah pelaksanaan basic housekeeping yangsudahdilaksanakansesuaidengan standaroperational procedure yaitu : dusting, drymopping denganlobby duster danglasscleaning.
DESKRIPSI SARANA SANITASI OBYEK WISATA SANGGALURI PARK PURBALINGGA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Dwi Cakhyono Siam Nur , Lagiono Lagiono
Published: March 2019

AbstrakTempat wisata merupakan tempat kegiatan bagi umum yang mempunyai tempat, sarana dan kegiatantetap maupun terus menerus, secara membayar ataupun tidak membayar yang diselenggarakan olehbadan pemerintah, swasta maupun perseorangan yang dipergunakan langsung oleh masyarakat. Salahsatu tempat wisata yang diminati masyarakat adalah Sanggaluri Park. Sanggaluri Park memiliki potensisebagai tempat terjadinya penularan penyakit, pencemaran lingkungan, ataupun gangguan kesehatanlainya. Kondisi lingkungan yang tidak terpelihara akan menambah besarnya risiko penyebaran penyakitserta pencemaran lingkungan sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan dengan menerapkan sanitasilingkungan yang baik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi sarana sanitasi wisata SanggaluriPark Purbalingga Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif denganpendekatan verikatif yang bertujuan untuk menguji kebenaran dari suatu fenomena yang ada di alammelalui penelitian/ pengujian, yang datanya didapatkan dari hasil pengumpulan data di lapangan.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah nilai persentase. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dari observasi dan wawancara yaitusarana sanitasi pengelolaan air limbah termasuk dalam kategori cukup dengan (60 %), saranapengelolaan sampah padat termasuk dalam kategori cukup dengan (50%), sarana pembuangan tinjatermasuk dalam kategori sangat baik dengan (93,75%), sarana penyediaan air bersih termasuk dalamkategori sangat baik dengan (90,90%), sarana pengendalian vektor termasuk dalam kategori baikdengan (75%), sarana penyediaan makanan dan minuman termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik dengan(100%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sarana sanitasi di obyek wisataSanggaluri Park Purbalingga tahun 2017 secara keseluruhan sudah dalam kategori baikdengan(70,37%). Disarankan kepada pihak pengelola obyek wisata Sanggaluri Park untuk melakukanperbaikan dan penyediaan sarana pengelolaan sampah padat dan pembuangan limbah cair.
HUBUNGAN JARAK PENAMPUNGAN TINJA DENGAN KUALITAS MIKROBIOLOGIS (Coliform) AIR SUMUR GALI DI DESA SUMAMPIR KECAMATAN REMBANG KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Diyani Indi Lulu , Lagiono Lagiono , Marsum Marsum
Published: March 2019

AbstrakSumur gali merupakan sarana penyediaan air bersih yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhikebutuhan sehari-hari. Kualitas air bersih harus memenuhi syarat mikrobiologis. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jarak penampungan tinja dengan kualitas mikrobiologis(Coliform) air sumur gali di Desa Sumampir Kecamatan Rembang Kabupaten Purbalingga. Jenispenelitian yang digunakan yaitu Observasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, penelitian inidilakukan untuk mendapatkan ada tidaknya hubungan jarak penampungan tinja dengan kualitasmikrobiologis (Coliform) air sumur gali. Kandungan Coliform air bersih dibandingkan denganPermenkes No.416/ MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Air. pemeriksaankandungan Coliform diperiksa di Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Purbalingga. Hasil penelitianjarak penampungan tinja dengan kualitas mikrobiologis (Coliform) air sumur gali di Desa SumampirKecamatan Rembang Kabupaten Purbalingga dari 39 sampel, sebanyak 8 (20.5%) memenuhi syarat(11 m) dan 31 (79.5%) tidak memenuhi syarat (11 m). Hasil analisis hubungan jarak penampungantinja dengan kualitas mikrobiologis (Coliform) air sumur gali menggunakan Regresi Linearmenunjukkan nilai ρ 0,09 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan jarak penampungantinja dengan kualitas mikrobiologis (Coliform) air sumur gali. Saran yang diberikan kepadamasyarakat, masyarakat harus memperhatikan keadaan sanitasi disekitar sumur gali, dengan selalumenjaga kebersihan sumur gali.
HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI DENGAN KUALITAS AIR SUMUR GALI DI DESA TAMBAHARJO KECAMATAN ADIMULYO KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Wardani Yunita Setya , Suparmin Suparmin
Published: March 2019

Sumur merupakan salah satu sarana untuk penyediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat yang memanfaatkan air tanahhasil resapan/ infiltrasi air hujan sehingga rawan terjadinya pencemaran Masyarakat Desa Tambaharjo menggunakansumur gali sebagai sumber penyediaan air bersih untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih sehari – hari. Tujuanpenelitian ini yaitu mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara konsturksi sumur gali dan kualitas air sumur gali di DesaTambaharjo Kecamatan Adimulyo, Kabupaten Kebumen tahun 2017.Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian analitik dengan metode cross sectional. Pegumpulan data dilakukan denganobservasi konstruksi sumur gali, wawancara, dan pemeriksaan parameter fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi di LaboratoriumKesehatan Kebumen, dan Laboratorium Kesehatan Purbalingga.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 22 sumur gali terdapat 59% yang konstruksi sumur galinya memenuhi syaratdan 41% konstruksi sumur galinya tidak memenuhi syarat,kualitas fisik air sumur 68% memenuhi syarat, 32% tidakmemenuhi syarat, untuk kualitas mikrobiologi hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan dari 22 sampel 81%sampel tidak memenuhi syarat dan 19% memenuhi syarat, kualitas kimia detergen dari 22 sampel 100% memenuhisyarat. Konstruksi sumur yang memenuhi syarat 59% dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat 41%. Analisis statistikdilakukandengan uji chi square diperoleh nilai p value kualitas fisik dan mikrobiologi = 0,421 , 0, 125 dan kualitas kimiadiperoleh hasil 100% memenuhi syarat.Simpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu tidak ada hubungan antara konstruksi sumur gali dengankualitas fisik, kimia dan mkirobiologi air sumur gali di desa Tambaharjo Kecamatan Adimulyo KabupatenKebumen.Saran yang diberikan antara lain melakukan perbaikan konstruksi sumur gali yang tidak memenuhi syarat,serta perlu menjaga dan merawat konstruksi sumur gali yang dalam keadaan baik, melakukan penyuluhan mengenaikonstruksi sumur gali dan sanitasi lingkungan pada sarana air bersih.Daftar bacaan : 32 (1990 – 2017)
ANGKA KUMAN PADA ALAS SHOLAT DI MASJID-MASJID WILAYAH KECAMATAN AJIBARANG KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2017
Authors: Sarastiana Noni , Widiyanto Teguh
Published: March 2019

Kondisi sanitasi masjid yang kurang baik berpotensi menjadi media penularan penyakit dan dapatmenimbulkan masalah kesehatan di lingkungan sekitarnya yang akan merugikan masyarakat disekitarmasjid.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif yaitu dengan melakukan pengamatandan wawancara.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka kuman pada sampel A1 adalah 221 CFU/cm²,sampel A2 adalah 23 CFU/cm², sampel A3 adalah 56 CFU/cm², sampel B1 adalah 76 CFU/cm², sampelB2 adalah 196 CFU/cm², sampel B3 adalah 535 CFU/cm², sampel C1 adalah 79 CFU/cm², sampel C2adalah 3 CFU/cm² dan sampel C3 adalah 20 CFU/cm². Kondisi sanitasi masjid yang memenuhi syaratadalah Masjid Al-Kholifah dengan nilai sebesar 60,11% dan Masjid Al-Hidayah dengan nilai sebesar60,71%. Masjid yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah Masjid Baiturrohman dengan nilai sebesar51,18%.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata angka kuman yang terdapatpada alas sholat adalah 134 CFU/cm² dengan angka kuman terkecil 3 CFU/cm² dan terbesar 535CFU/cm². Kondisi sanitasi 2 masjid memenuhi syarat dan 1 masjid tidak memenuhi syarat. Disarankanagar alas sholat dibersihkan secara rutin 1 minggu sekali menggunakan ion plasma dan dijemur kenasinar matahari agar mengurangi jumlah angka kuman serta dipasang kain berukuran ±30 cm² sebagaialas sujud dan diganti 2 hari sekali.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ION PLASMA TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANGKA KUMAN UDARA DI RUANG KELAS GEDUNG R2 JURUSAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES SEMARANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Febriani Rina , Cahyono Tri , IW Hari Rudijanto
Published: March 2019

AbstrakRuang perkuliahan Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan berpotensi mengalami pencemaran udara, yangdisebabkan oleh aktivitas penghuni dan keadaan bangunan it sendiri. Dampak kualitas udara yangrendah khususnya angka kuman dalam ruang terhadap kesehatan dapat terjadi baik secara langsungmaupun tidak langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini adaah menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan ion plasmdalam penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang kelas gedung R2 Jurusan Kesehatan LingkunganPoliteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimendengan rancangan perbandingan kelompok statis (static group comparison). Pengumpulan datadilakukan dengan cara observasi, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Variabel bebas ionplasma, variabel terikat angka kuman udara, variabel kontrol konstruksi bangunan, volume ruangan,luas ventilasi. Variabel pengganggu pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban, jumlah penghuni, AC, aktivitaspenghuni dan perabot. Hasil pemeriksaan angka kuman udara rata-rata kelompok perlakuan adalah189,50 Koloni/Jam/Feet2 sedangkan rata-rata di ruang kontrol 196,66 Koloni/Jam/Feet2. Hasilpengukuran rata-rata ion plasma pada ruang perlakuan adalah 120,76 x104 ion/cm3, sedangkan padaruang kontrol sebesar 147,95 x104 ion/cm3. Hasil pengukuran rata-rata ion plasma generator padaruang perlakuan adalah 53,88 x104 ion/cm3. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian bahwa penggunaan ionplasma tidak ada pengaruh terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang kelas gedung R2Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang. Disarankan sebaiknyapenggunaan generator ion plasma disesuaikan dengan luas ruangan dan kegiatan.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KARBOL SEBAGAIDESINFEKTAN TERHADAP JUMLAH ANGKA KUMAN PADA LANTAI RUANG PARIKESIT KELAS III RUMAH SAKIT TK III.04.06.01 WIJAYAKUSUMA PURWOKERTO TAHUN 2017
Authors: Emdiyono Stylla Vonch , Triyantoro Budi
Published: March 2019

AbstrakPasien di rumah sakit sangat rentan terhadap penyakit, sehingga kebersihan lantai rumah sakit perludiperhatikan. Lantai rumah sakit yang kotor menjadi tempat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme patogen, makadari itu perlu dilakukan pelaksanaan desinfeksi dengan menggunakan desinfektan. Desinfektanmerupakan bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk membunuh mikroorganisme patogen. Apabila desinfektandosisnya kurang efektif, kemungkinan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme yang ada di lantairumah sakit.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik. Pengumpulan datadengan cara observasi, wawancara, pengukuran, pemeriksaan dan perhitungan jumlah kuman. Datadalam penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji ttest (pre-post). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kuman pada lantai Ruang Parikesit KelasIII belum memenuhi standar yang disyaratkan, berdasarkan Kepmenkes RI No.1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004,yaitu 5-10 koloni/cm2 dan hasil penelitian pada Ruang Parikesit Kelas III, yaitu sebelum pemberiandesinfektan memiliki rata-rata mencapai 314,8 koloni/cm2 dan sesudah pemberian desinfektan memilikirata-rata mencapai 22,8 koloni/cm2.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian desinfektan padasaat pengepelan dapat menghambat perkembangan jumlah kuman pada lantai.
STUDI KONDISI LINGKUNGAN DAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA PENDERITA DIARE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEMARON KECAMATAN BREBES TAHUN 2017
Authors: Nuraeni Reni , Anwar M. Choiroel
Published: March 2019

AbstrakDiare merupakan salah satu penyakit menular dapat di sebarkan oleh vektor pembawa bibit penyakitkarena kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan personal hygiene yang kurang baik. Dari data DinasKesehatan Kabupaten Berebes Kejadian diare di Kecamatan Brebes pada Tahun 2012 s/d 2016 4Puskesmas yaitu Puskesmas Brebes, Kaligangsa, Kalimati, dan Pemaron, kasus Diare yang ditanganipaling tinggi yaitu di Puskesmas Pemaron dengan jumlah penderita yang ditangani dari Tahun 2012 s/d2016 sebesar 26.252 jumlah penderita laki-laki dan perempuan yang ditangani.Tujuan dari KTI iniadalah Mengetahui kondisi sarana air bersih, kondisi sarana tempat pembuangan tinja rumah, Kondisipenyediaan dan penempatan sarana tempat sampah, dan mengetahui kondisi perilaku hygiene penderitapenyakit diare di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pemaron Kecamatan Brebes Tahun 2017.Jenis penelitiandeskriptif yaitu menggambarkan keadaan yang sebenarnya dan membandingkan dengan teori yang ada.Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada penderita diare di Wilayah Puskesmas Pemaron Kecamatan BrebesKabupaten Brebes dapat diketahui (100%) sumur gali yang tidak memenuhi syarat , Jamban leher angsayang tidak memenuhi syarat (44,4%) penerang tidak cukup, jamban cubluk tidak memenuhi syarat (0%)terdiri dari lubang tanah yang tidak di gali, (0%) tidak dibuat rumah jamban diatasnya,sarana sanitasitidak memenuhi syarat (65%) tidak Mempunyai tutup dan tidak mudah dibuka atau ditutup tanpamengotori tangan, (100%) volume tidak dapat menampung sampah yang dihasilkan oleh pemakai dalamwaktu tertentu (3 hari), (0%) tidak pernah menggunakan alat makan baik, (35%)tidak pernah mencucitangan dengan sabun sebelum makan, (25%) tidak pernah mencuci tangan dengan sabun sehabis makan,(25%)tidak pernah mencuci tangan dengan sabun sesudah buang air besar. (20%) tidak pernahmelakukan pembersihan dan pemotongan kuku, (65%)tidak pernah meletakkan makanan dan minuman ditempat yang tertutup (45%)tidak pernah memelihara sarana tempat pembuangan sampah, (90%)kebiasaan tidak pernah memelihara tempat sumber air bersihKesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah diare terjadi di karenakan kurang mengertinyamasyarakat tentang PHBS (perilaku hidup bersih sehat) serta tingkat pendidikan yang rendah haltersebut dapat menyebabkan angka kesakitan diare yang cukup tinggi di Wilayah Puskesmas PemaronKecamatan Brebes Kabupaten Brebes. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah masyarakat harus rutinmerawat sarana air bersih, sarana pembuangan tinja, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan berperilakuhidup bersih sehat seperti cuci tangan pakai sabun antiseptic sebelum dan sesudah makan, sesudahbuang air besar, rutin melakukan pembersihan dan pemotongan kuku, meletakkan makanan danminuman di tempat yang tertutup.
Nutrition knowledge of people with eating disorders
Authors: Całyniuk Beata , Górski Michał , Garbicz Jagoda , Grochowska-Niedworok Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Background. Eating disorders are an increasingly common health problem that is a major therapeutic challenge. For many years, the basic form of therapy used to be psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatment, but now it is postulated that the dietetician should also be part of the therapeutic teams.
Objective. The main purpose of the study is to assess nutrition knowledge of people with eating disorders with consideration to their age, place of living, education, BMI, type of disease, participation in dietary consultations and in therapy.
Material and methods. Nutrition knowledge of the respondents was assessed by means of an author’s survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was published in one of the social portals in the “Eating disorders – tackling” group gathering people with different types of eating disorders. The survey questionnaire consisted in 33 questions. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the number of correct answers provided by the respondents by the selected criteria.
Results. In terms of age, the least nutrition knowledge was attributable to the persons below 20 years of age (25.24 points in average). When considering the place of living, the least nutrition knowledge was revealed among the subjects living in medium cities (between 20 and 100 thousand of population) i.e. 25.31 points. In terms of education, the least nutrition knowledge was recorded in people with vocational education (24.83 points). When classifying the respondents by BMI, the highest average score was gained by the respondents with normal body mass index (BMI) (26.42 points).
Conclusions. The study on the level of nutrition knowledge among the people with eating disorders demonstrated that this knowledge was selective and insufficient to provide rational nutrition. It aimed at teaching the rules of healthy lifestyle and nutrition and thorough discussing of all nutrients, their functions and effect on the body.
Food digestion in Ivan Petrovich Pavlov studies on 115 anniversary of his Nobel Prize and present avenues
Authors: Berger Stanisław , Rejman Krystyna
Published: March 2019

Story of Pavlov’s studies on food digestion including his Nobel Prize in 1904 are presented. Some new ideas and concepts are also viewed based on 3th International Conference on Food Digestion held in Wageningen (the Netherlands) in 2014.
Pendidikan dan Konflik (Potret Konflik Sunni-Syiah dan Imbasnya Terhadap Pendidikan di Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan)
Authors: Isya' Muhammad Andi
Published: March 2019

The conflict between Sunni and Shia has taken place from the very beginning of the two ideologies. The eternal conflict between the Sunni and the Shias enters into the strategic domains of the moral formation of children, namely education. Education is a strategic place in the formation and cadre of a child. Original education is expected to be the formation of a neutral personality, more often ridden with certain ideologies so that the child's personality is formed from Islamic education in accordance with the ideology of an educational institution. The purpose of this research is to know how far conflict sekmetian Sunni and Shia and its impact to education world especially in District of Bangil Pasuruan Regency. This research uses qualitative approach with fenomelogical perspective. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. From the results of this study obtained the conclusion that the conflict that stood for years can stick again when the trigger is punctured. As a result education is a disadvantaged element in this sectarian conflict. Education that should be neutral, polluted and polarized by the divisive elements. In addition, education contributes to polishing and beautifying the conflict between Sunnis and Shiites. Conflicts that occurred have entered the realm of education. A deep understanding of the teachings of affection between fellow Muslims, supported by an unbalanced curriculum of Islamic education and an educator who is not blind fanaticism, will be the solution to the realization of peace for both sects.
Development and Analysis of Sorghum Crackers
Authors: Reddy P. Ashwitha , Pranusha G. , Rao G. Laxmikanth , Reddy A. Naveen
Published: March 2019

Bakery industry is the major food processing industry in India and stands second position in the manufacture of biscuits. Bakery products are the most popular food products consumed by all age groups. The demand for bakery products is increasing in day today life because of easy availability and ready to eat convenient products having better shelf-life. Crackers are crisp baked products, chemically leavened or fermented. These are light in weight with longer shelf life. Now a day’s millets are gaining popularity. In the development of sorghum crackers product, the main ingredients used are sorghum, refined wheat flour and basil leaf powder.
Refined wheat flour is added in proportions to obtain soft, crispy, light fermented crackers as they cannot be made with whole sorghum flour because it is gluten free and posses less binding nature resulting in harder and heavier product. In general, the higher the gluten content in the wheat the higher the protein content of the flour. The higher the protein content of flour, the better is its ability to trap carbon dioxide gas giving lighter weight to biscuit. In the present study related to product development, sorghum crackers are developed by using sorghum flour and basil leaf powder in different variations. To acquire the beneficial properties of basil, the leaves are vacuum dried, powdered and incorporated in the product. On the whole, the nutritional aspect is increased by developing crackers with sorghum flour and basil leaves powder. Different variations are developed based on refined wheat flour and sorghum flour are 50(S):50(RWF), 60(S):40(RWF), 70(S):30(RWF) and basil powder is taken in same amount for all the variations. By laboratory evaluation of (chemical and sensory) 70(S):30(RWF) variant has got the highest acceptance.
Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Home Industry Karya Ayu Ciamis
Authors: Maulana Yogi Sugiarto
Published: March 2019

Sales of banana chips tend to fluctuate, allegedly influenced by customers who switch to another company. This research was to determine and analyze the effect of product quality to customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach explanatory. Using simple random sampling. The statistical method used is the product moment correlation. The results of the questionnaire are in either category. Coefficient correlation of 0.485 means that the relationship between variables in a category is. Influence of product quality to customer loyalty amounted to 23.5%. The test results hypothesis states that there is significant influence product quality on loyalty.
Strategic documents to define the role of the libraries
Authors: Guseva E. N.
Published: March 2019

Currently, the creation of strategic documents and the implementation of the action plan to achieve the goals and objectives set out in such documents is widespread among large business companies, both manufacturing and mining sectors, the retail sector, as well as elevated to the rank of mandatory for corporations with state participation, Federal state unitary Enterprises and a number of similar organizations. Such requirements are imposed on a number of sectors of the economy, and the cultural sector, where there are two documents of strategic goal – settingthe Basis of the state cultural policy and the Strategy of the state cultural policy, has not escaped this.

It is important that these strategic planning documents, which represent a whole body of normative legal acts defining the goals and directions of the country's development, are of significant legal significance, as they are approved by the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation or by resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, which, in particular, means that they are binding.

The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the definition of the role of libraries presented in various strategic documents of the Federal level, approved in recent years, which in a General sense can be considered clearly formulated "state order" for the implementation of which the activities of public libraries of the country should be focused in the coming years and in the long term.
Ascending to the noosphere. Bibliofuturologic scenarios
Authors: Sokolov A. V.
Published: March 2019

Natural-science, technocracy and humanistic conceptions of noosphere are considered as the hypothetical future state of society in that Reason will take the priority place. Natural sciences defined the site of noosphere in an evolution of Universe. Now a task to choose the way of transformation of modern civilization in the reasonable shell of Earth, id est noosphere, stands before social sciences. Two ways are possible: technological way of unlimited increase of technical power and humanistic way of inlightening and perfection of man. Both ways are analysed from the point of view of bibliofuturology. Paid attention to the strategic tasks ofRussian Federation, proclaimed by the President Putin. The necessity of the purposeful forming of "noospheric man" as creator and inhabitant of reasonable noosphere is substantiated. The decision role of libraries is shown in this process. Bibliosphere is the primary and central area of noosphere. Studies about a noosphere include bibliofuturology as one of the divisions.
Learning of Spatial Operations in 1st Grade of Junior High School (MTS. S Nu Paringgonan) Ulu Barumun Padang Lawas District
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Nizar , Hasibuan Wildan Saleh
Published: March 2019

The background of the problem in this study is that many students are confused and do not understand how to operate integers in a positive form with positive, positive with negative, negative with positive, and negative with negative. The formulation of this research problem is how to learn integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2), how students behave in learning integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2), and how student learning outcomes in learning integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2). The purpose of this study was to find out integer operating learning in 1st grade class VII-2, to find out the attitudes of students in learning integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2), and to find out student learning outcomes in integer operating learning in 1st grade class (VII-2) MTs. S NU Paringgonan Ulu Barumun District. This research is descriptive qualitative research, namely research intended to investigate the circumstances, conditions or other things that have been mentioned, the results of which are presented in the form of research reports. The data needed are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are (1) Learning integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2) that the mathematics teacher in 1st grade class (VII-2) describes integer operations by carrying out preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities. (2) The attitude of students in learning integer operations in 1st grade class (VII-2) is not good, like many students who pay less attention and respect for the teacher during the learning process. (3) Student learning outcomes reach a value of 50 - 80, namely 30 students who do not complete or 88% and 4 students who complete or 12% with the results of the average value is 60, which is not good.
Does investment in human resource development affect financial performance? Empirical evidence from the banking sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Zahid Hossain , Uddin Md Mahi , Ahmad Afzal , Hoque Nazamul
Published: March 2019

The study aims at examining the impact of investment in human resource development (HRD) on the financial performance of the banking sector of Bangladesh. Using the economic data as well as survey data collected from purposively selected 120 bank executives of 20 private commercial banks of Bangladesh. The study through regression models finds that there is a significant positive correlations between HRD investment (in salaries and allowances, provident fund and gratuity, bonus and incentives, staff welfare and training, workshop, and seminar) and financial performance of the sample banks. Though, training is one of the important HRD indicators, the lowest investment was made in this sector by the sample banks. The findings of the study may be useful for bankers, policymakers, HR professionals, and the stakeholders of all types of organizations regardless of the geographical boundary. Finally, further investigations on manufacturing and other service sectors through case study, focus groups, and longitudinal study are also suggested.

IIUC Studies Vol.14(2) December 2017: 35-54
Contributions of MNEs to poverty alleviation through CSR programs: Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Hoque Nazamul , Khan Mohammad Aktaruzzaman , Bhuiyan Mohammad Zahid Hossain
Published: March 2019

This study examines the contribution of CSR programs of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in Bangladesh in the poverty alleviation. The authors employed a mixed-method approach to collect qualitative data by interviewing executives of ten MNEs while for quantitative data annual reports, websites, and articles were consulted. Results depicted insignificant contribution of MNEs in poverty alleviation by their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The average contribution of sample MNEs stand at only 0.52 per cent of profits after tax to CSR programs, ranging from 2.96% to 0.15%. The study reveals that most of the MNEs are not contributing as per their financial capacity and they lack a policy of donating a reasonable portion of profit to CSR along with poverty alleviation priority. The study suggests that government of Bangladesh must act sincerely and deliberately for active involvement of MNEs in CSR programs helpful for poverty alleviation by necessary policy framework and motivational supports with a view to accelerate the poverty alleviation movement for a happy, prosperous, and progressive Bangladesh.

IIUC Studies Vol.14(2) December 2017: 55-70
Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq: Definitions, examples and impacts on human life
Authors: Hassan Md Mahmudul
Published: March 2019

The Holy Qur‟an encompasses the comprehensive code for mankind to live a rewarding life in this world, to rescue from the Jahannam and to enter the Jannah in the Hereafter. Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq are, the six significant terms, used in the Noble Qur‟an frequently. All of them represent the characteristics of human beings. The possessors of these characters will go to their eternal destination; the Jannah or Jahannam. The Jannah is the aftermath of īmān, Islam and taqwā. On the other hand, kufr, shirk, and nifāq lead to the Jahannam. This study intends to present the definitions and examples of these six terms according to the Qur‟anic statement, and then shed light on the impact of each character on human life quoting the evidence from the Holy Qur‟an and the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The possessors of these six remarkable terms are entitled successively as mu'min, muslim, muttaqī to be rewarded Jannah and kafīr, mushrik, and munāfiq to be punished in Jahannam.

IIUC Studies Vol.14(2) December 2017: 85-98