bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypolytrum goetghebeurii (Cyperaceae), a curious new species from miombo woodlands in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Thery Philippe , Reynders Marc , Sosef Marc S.M.
Published: March 2019

Background – The genus Hypolytrum is studied during the preparation of the Cyperaceae treatment in Flore d’Afrique centrale. It is kept separate from Mapania and its African members have been divided amongst three sections.Methods – Herbarium material from BR and BRLU has been studied. A preliminary IUCN Red List assessment is performed according to the IUCN Guidelines and Criteria. Results – The new species Hypolytrum goetghebeurii is described from miombo woodlands in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It differs from other African species in the genus by forming thick tussocks, having narrow, rigid leaves and spicoids with three male flowers subtended by their floral bracts and a female flower with three stigmas. It occurs in seasonally dry areas with a regular fire regime and seems to be the only African species of that genus occupying such a dry habitat. It is named after the Cyperaceae specialist Prof. em. Dr. Paul Goetghebeur. Following the IUCN Red List criteria, the species is assessed as Vulnerable.
Uterine sarcomas: clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes – a single centre’s experience
Authors: Erdem Baki , Besimoğlu Berhan , Yıldırım Işıl Şafak , Özaydın İpek yıldız , Bal Tuncay , Akbayır Özgür , Ülker Volkan
Published: March 2019

Introduction

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the clinical presentation, histopathologic pattern and outcome of uterine sarcomas in a single institution of gynaecological oncology.

Material and methods

The database of the Gynecologic Oncology Department of the hospital was used to identify patients diagnosed with pathological uterine sarcoma treated between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2015. We collected clinicopathological data to evaluate factors that are important for overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 54 cases were included in the analysis: 25 uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS), 19 carcinosarcomas (CS) and nine endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS). The mean age was 53.8 years for LMS, 62.1 years for CS. Disease recurrence occurred in 13 (24.0%) patients. The recurrent disease occurred in the pelvis in nine patients, but it was characterised by distant metastases (liver or mediastinal lymph nodes) in the other four patients Having had a lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for CS and advanced stage for LMS were the only factors for which a significant difference in OS was observed (p = 0.035, p = 0.006 and p = 0.04, respectively). In contrast, for CS, only not having adjuvant chemotherapy showed a significant association with poor disease free survival.

Conclusions

Lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant impact on OS for CS, and advanced stage was the only independent predictor of OS for LMS.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in disaster workers
and emergency personnel
Authors: Pawłowski Witold , Lasota Dorota , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Goniewicz Mariusz
Published: March 2019

The problem of stress and disorders occurring in a team (traumatic stress) is the subject of numerous scientific studies in relation to victims of traffic accidents, rape, acts of terrorism and war. The research on this overlooked subject concerns specific professions such as the military, police, fire brigades and rescue medical teams. The aim of this research is to analyze the mechanisms leading to increased susceptibility to stress and predisposing factors for the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its specific features among people working in emergency medical teams.
Photochemistry on the bottom side of the mesospheric Na layer
Authors: Yuan Tao , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Lidar observations of the mesospheric Na layer have revealed considerable
diurnal variations, particularly on the bottom side of the layer, where more
than an order-of-magnitude increase in Na density has been observed below 80 km
after sunrise. In this paper, multi-year Na lidar observations are
utilized over a full diurnal cycle at Utah State University (USU) (41.8∘ N,
111.8∘ W) and a global atmospheric model of Na with 0.5 km
vertical resolution in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (WACCM-Na) to explore
the dramatic changes of Na density on the bottom side of the layer. Photolysis of the principal reservoir NaHCO3 is shown to be
primarily responsible for the increase in Na after sunrise, amplified by the
increased rate of reaction of NaHCO3 with atomic H, which is mainly
produced from the photolysis of H2O and the reaction of OH with
O3. This finding is further supported by Na lidar observation at USU
during the solar eclipse (>96 % totality) event on 21 August 2017, when a decrease and recovery of the Na density on the
bottom side of the layer were observed. Lastly, the model simulation shows
that the Fe density below around 80 km increases more strongly and earlier
than observed Na changes during sunrise because of the considerably faster
photolysis rate of its major reservoir of FeOH.
Cavity-enhanced photoacoustic sensor based on a whispering-gallery-mode diode laser
Authors: Pan Yufeng , Dong Lei , Wu Hongpeng , Ma Weiguang , Zhang Lei , Yin Wangbao , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Tittel Frank K.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A cavity-enhanced photoacoustic (CEPA) sensor was developed based on an
ultra-narrow linewidth whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) diode laser. A
cavity-enhanced photoacoustic module (CEPAM) was designed to match the output
beam from the WGM-diode laser, resulting in an increase in the excitation
light power, which, in turn, significantly enhanced the photoacoustic signal
amplitude. The results show that a signal gain factor of 166 was achieved,
which is in excellent agreement with the power enhancement factor of 175
after considering the power transmissivity. The performance of the sensor was
evaluated in terms of the detection sensitivity and linearity. A 1σ
detection limit of 0.45 ppmV for C2H2 detection was obtained at
atmospheric pressure with a 1 s averaging time.
Impact of Gravity wave drag on the thermospheric circulation: Implementation of a nonlinear gravity wave parameterization in a whole atmosphere model
Authors: Miyoshi Yasunobu , Yiğit Erdal
Published: March 2019

Abstract. To investigate the effects of the gravity wave (GW) drag on the general circulation in the thermosphere, a nonlinear GW parameterization that estimates the GW drag in the whole atmosphere system is implemented in a whole atmosphere general circulation model (GCM). Comparing the simulation results obtained with the whole atmosphere scheme with the ones obtained with a conventional linear scheme, we study the GW effects on the thermospheric dynamics for solstice conditions. The GW drag significantly decelerates the mean zonal wind in the thermosphere. The GWs attenuate the migrating semidiurnal solar tide (SW2) amplitude in the lower thermosphere, and modifies the latitudinal structure of the SW2 above 150 km height. The SW2 simulated by the GCM based on the nonlinear whole atmosphere scheme agrees well with the observed SW2. The GW drag in the lower thermosphere has zonal wavenumber 2 and semidiurnal variation, while the GW drag above 150 km height is enhanced in high latitude. The GW drag in the thermosphere is a significant dynamical and plays an important role in the momentum budget of the thermosphere. Therefore, a GW parameterization accounting for thermospheric processes is essential for coarse-grid whole atmosphere GCMs in order to more realistically simulate the atmosphere-ionosphere system.
ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK (r5459), a global model for the production, transport and transformation of dissolved organic carbon from Arctic permafrost regions, Part 2: Model evaluation over the Lena River basin
Authors: Bowring Simon P. K. , Lauerwald Ronny , Guenet Bertrand , Zhu Dan , Guimberteau Matthieu , Regnier Pierre , Tootchi Ardalan , Ducharne Agnès , Ciais Philippe
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this second part of a two-part study, we perform a simulation of the carbon and water budget of the Lena catchment with the land surface model ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK, enabled to simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production in soils and its transport and fate in high latitudes inland waters. The model results are evaluated in their ability to reproduce the fluxes of DOC and carbon dioxide (CO2) along the soil-inland water continuum, and the exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere, including the evasion outgassing of CO2 from inland waters. We present simulation results over years 1901–2007, and show that the model is able to broadly reproduce observed state variables and their emergent properties across a range of interacting physical and biogeochemical processes, including: 1) Net primary production (NPP), respiration and riverine hydrologic amplitude, seasonality and inter-annual variation; 2) DOC concentrations, bulk annual flow and their volumetric attribution at the sub-catchment level; 3) High headwater versus downstream CO2 evasion, an emergent phenomenon consistent with observations over a spectrum of high latitude observational studies. (4) These quantities obey emergent relationships with environmental variables like air temperature and topographic slope that have been described in the literature. This gives us confidence in reporting the following additional findings: (5) Of the ~ 34 TgC yr-1 left over as input to terrestrial and aquatic systems after NPP is diminished by heterotrophic respiration, 7 TgC yr-1 is leached and transported into the aquatic system. Of this, over half (3.6 TgC yr-1) is evaded from the inland water surface back into the atmosphere and the remainder (3.4 TgC yr-1) flushed out into the Arctic Ocean, proportions in keeping with other, empirically derived studies. (6) DOC exported from the floodplains is dominantly sourced from recent, more "labile" terrestrial production, in contrast to DOC leached from the rest of the watershed with runoff and drainage, which is mostly sourced from recalcitrant soil and litter. (7) All else equal, both historical climate change (a spring/summer warming of 1.8 °C over the catchment) and rising atmospheric CO2 (+85.6 ppm) are diagnosed from factorial simulations to contribute similar, significant increases in DOC transport via primary production, although this similarity may not hold in the future.
Application of the Levenburg–Marquardt back propagation neural network approach for landslide risk assessments
Authors: Xiong Junnan , Sun Ming , Zhang Hao , Cheng Weiming , Yang Yinghui , Sun Mingyuan , Cao Yifan , Wang Jiyan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Landslide disasters are one of the main risks involved with the
operation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. Because previously
established disaster risk models are too subjective, this paper presents a
quantitative model for regional risk assessment through an analysis of the
patterns of historical landslide disasters along oil and gas pipelines. Using the
Guangyuan section of the Lanzhou–Chengdu–Chongqing (LCC) long-distance
multiproduct oil pipeline (82 km) in China as a case study, we successively
carried out two independent assessments: a susceptibility assessment and a
vulnerability assessment. We used an entropy weight method to establish a
system for the vulnerability assessment, whereas a Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation (LM-BP) neural network model was used to conduct the
susceptibility assessment. The risk assessment was carried out on the basis
of two assessments. The first, the system of the vulnerability assessment,
considered the pipeline position and the angle between the pipe and the
landslide (pipeline laying environmental factors). We also used an
interpolation theory to generate the standard sample matrix of the LM-BP
neural network. Accordingly, a landslide susceptibility risk zoning map was
obtained based on susceptibility and vulnerability assessment. The results
show that about 70 % of the slopes were in high-susceptibility areas
with a comparatively high landslide possibility and that the southern section
of the oil pipeline in the study area was in danger. These results can be
used as a guide for preventing and reducing regional hazards, establishing
safe routes for both existing and new pipelines, and safely operating
pipelines in the Guangyuan area and other segments of the LCC oil
pipeline.
Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics
Authors: Rowan Mark G. , Urai Janos L. , Fiduk J. Carl , Kukla Peter A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Layered evaporite sequences (LES) comprise interbedded weak layers (halite and, commonly, bittern salts) and strong layers (anhydrite and usually non-evaporite rocks such as carbonates and siliciclastics). This results in a strong rheological stratification, with a range of effective viscosity up to a factor of 105. We focus here on the deformation of competent intrasalt beds in different modes of salt tectonics using a combination of conceptual, numerical and analog models, and seismic data. In bedding-paralell extension, boudinage of the strong layers forms ruptured stringers, within a halite matrix, that become increasingly isolated with increasing strain. In bedding-parallel shortening, competent layers tend to maintain coherency while forming harmonic, disharmonic, and polyharmonic folds, with the rheological stratification leading to buckling and fold growth by bedding-parallel shear. In differential loading, extension and the resultant stringers dominate beneath suprasalt depocenters while folded competent beds characterize salt pillows. Finally, in tall passive diapirs, stringers generated by intrasalt extension are rotated to near vertical in tectonic melanges during upward flow of salt. In all cases, strong layers are progressively removed from areas of salt thinning and increasingly disrupted and folded in areas of salt growth as deformation intensifies. The varying styles of intrasalt deformation impact seismic imaging of LES and associated interpretations. Ruptured stringers are often visible where they have low dips, as in slightly extended salt layers or beneath depocenters, but are usually not imaged in tall passive diapirs due to steep dips. In contrast, areas of slightly to moderately shortened salt typically have well imaged, mostly continuous intrasalt reflectors, although seismic coherency decreases as deformation intensifies. Similarly, wells are most likely to penetrate strong layers in contractional structures and salt pillows, less likely in extended salt because they might drill between stringers, and unlikely in tall passive diapirs because the stringers are near-vertical. Thus, both seismic and well data may be interpreted to suggest that diapirs and other areas of more intense intrasalt deformation are more halite rich than is actually the case.
Glacier thickness estimations of alpine glaciers using data and modeling constraints
Authors: Langhammer Lisbeth , Grab Melchior , Bauder Andreas , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Advanced knowledge of the ice thickness distribution within glaciers is of fundamental importance for several purposes, such as water resource management and studying the impact of climate change. Ice thicknesses can be modeled using ice surface features, but the resulting models can be prone to considerable uncertainties. Alternatively, it is possible to measure ice thicknesses, for example, with ground-penetrating-radar (GPR). Such measurements are typically restricted to a few profiles, with which it is not possible to obtain spatially unaliased subsurface images. We developed the Glacier Thickness Estimation algorithm (GlaTE), which optimally combines modeling results and measured ice thicknesses in an inversion procedure to obtain overall thickness distributions. Properties and benefits of GlaTE are demonstrated with three case studies performed on different types of alpine glaciers. In all three cases, subsurface models could be found that are consistent with glaciological modeling and GPR data constraints. Since acquiring GPR data on glaciers can be an expensive endeavor, we additionally employed elements of sequential optimized experimental design (SOED) for determining cost-optimized GPR survey layouts. The calculated benefit-cost curves indicate that a relatively large amount of data can be acquired, before redundant information is collected with any additional profiles and it becomes increasingly expensive to obtain further information. Only at one out of the three test sites this level was reached.
Sing C. Chew. The Southeast Asian Connection: Trade and Polities
Authors: Anderson E. N.
Published: March 2019

N/A
Matthew Vickery. Employing the Enemy: The Story of Palestinian Labourers on Israeli Settlements
Authors: Clarno Andy
Published: March 2019

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Walter Scheidel. The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the 21st Century
Authors: Payne Corey R.
Published: March 2019

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Forging a Consistent Vision: The People Who Shaped Manchester's Renewal, 1964–2014
Authors: Holland Dan
Published: March 2019

This article examines how Pittsburgh's Manchester neighborhood, a historic African American community located on the city's North Side, fought against macroeconomic forces and internal challenges to stabilize its population, improve its physical environment, and stimulate private investment over the course of fifty years, from 1964 through 2014. Manchester's transformation was the product of three key factors: (1) capacity in the form of strong, sustained leadership; (2) fealty to a long-term vision of the neighborhood as a stable and upwardly mobile African American community; and (3) control over land and resources, especially the involvement of the private sector, to bring the vision to life. These elements—leadership, vision, and resources—separated Manchester from other black neighborhoods as it became a national model for community revitalization over the course of fifty years.
Improving Health Care with Advanced Analytics: Practical Considerations
Authors: Benuzillo Jose , Savitz Lucy A. , Evans Scott
Published: March 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming ubiquitous in health care, largely
through machine learning and predictive analytics applications. Recent applications of
AI to common health care scenarios, such as screening and diagnosing, have fueled
optimism about the use of advanced analytics to improve care. Careful and objective
considerations need to be made before implementing an advanced analytics solution.
Critical evaluation before, during, and after its implementation will ensure safe care,
good outcomes, and the elimination of waste. In this commentary we offer basic practical
considerations for developing, implementing, and evaluating such solutions based on many
years of experience.
Incontinencia Pigmenti. Presentación de un Caso
Authors: Aldana Raudales Alejandra , Corea Dulce María , Caballero Castro. Héctor Rubén
Published: March 2019

La incontinentia pigmenti es una genodermatosis que afecta la pigmentación de la piel y suele estar asociada con una gran variedad de alteraciones en ojos, uñas, pelo, dientes, esqueleto, corazón y sistema nervioso central. La mayoría de los casos de incontinencia pigmenti se producen en forma esporádica como resultado de una mutación de novo consistente en la deleción de gran parte del gen NEMO (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Essential Modifier).

Se presenta una paciente de 6 años de edad con lesiones hiperpigmentadas siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko. No tiene antecedentes durante el periodo perinatal, nació vía vaginal sin complicaciones, con un desarrollo cognitivo normal para su edad, sin afectación neurológica, lo cual llama la atención pues aunque esta enfermedad afecta principalmente a la piel, hay que considerar otros trastornos asociados, incluyendo defectos dentales, episodios convulsivos, retraso mental, anomalías oculares y neoplasias infantiles.

Palabras claveIncontinencia pigmenti, informes de casos
Case reports of unexplained weight loss in autoimmune central neurological syndromes with anti-GAD antibodies
Authors: Broadley James , Monif Mastura
Published: March 2019

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is becoming increasingly recognised as an antigenic target in autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system. There are currently no reports of weight loss being a manifestation in such disorders. We describe two cases of anti-GAD associated neurological disorders with profound and otherwise unexplained weight loss. Both patients had incomplete response to immunotherapy, as is becoming typical of these disorders. The variable disease associations of anti-GAD antibodies is incompletely understood, and leads us to question whether weight loss in these patients could possibly be immune-mediated.
IPEC’s core competency 2 roles and responsibilities: What more do we need to implement these?
Authors: Harper Joann C.
Published: March 2019

The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) has published guidelines to promote interprofessional collaboration. These guidelines are encompassed in four core competency sets. The core competencies are: Core 1: Value/Ethics, Core 2: Roles and Responsibilities, Core 3: Interprofessional Communication and Core 4: Teams and Teamwork. IPEC has outlined sub-competencies for each, which can be interpreted as a compilation of principles, behaviors, precepts and competencies. Together they serve to promote direction for interprofessional collaboration amongst health care professionals. However, the compilation may need more explanation to guide education and practice. Though the sub-competencies described in each core overlap in their application, specifically, Core 2: Roles and Responsibilities is explored for its underpinnings. The literature to date reflects educational delivery modes, but specific content is sparse, and not in the totality of the representative sub-competencies. Much of the literature omits the background that creates the context, and the content for, our deeper understanding of the principles. Therefore, important information is missing that underpins the competency statement set to teach and to learn these sub-competencies. The aim was to identify principles and applicable content to both support learning and to address barriers to learning, which may be essential to implement the sub-competency statements. The sub-competencies independent of further elucidation are unlikely to yield the comprehension needed for implementation and discernible actions that prompt interprofessional collaborative success.
Investigation of University Students’ Attitudes to Play Educational Games and Games Consisting of Physical Activity
Authors: Gumusgul Osman
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes of university students to play educational games and gamesconsisting of physical activity. Totally, 514 students (187 male, 327 female) were taken part in this research. Datawas gathered through Attitudes to Play Games Consist of Physical Activity Scale (Playfulness Scale) which wasdeveloped by Hazar (2014). The scale has 23 items. In evaluation part for questionnaires answered by participants,Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis tests were applied. According to theresults, it was statistically determined that there were significant differences between playing games consist ofphysical activity attitudes and gender, practicing any sport licenced and age (p<0,05); but there were not significantdifferences on analyses done for academic success (p>0,05).
Impacting Factors on the Employees’ Performance during Acquisitions: A Study on KASB Bank into Bank Islami Pakistan Ltd
Authors: Hussain Salar , Soomro Arjumand Bano , Bhutto Arifa , Shah Sobia , Shaikh Shazia Shahab
Published: March 2019

Employee performance has a huge effect on success of modern organization. Employees are considered as backbone for any organization that cannot be emulated from the competition, therefore employee performance should be considered major valuable resource. This study has focused on the banking sector where employees’ performance having huge impact on organization. For this purpose, we chose two banks from Pakistan for acquisition, one is Bank Islami Pakistan Ltd and second KASB Bank were chosen, their acquisition took place on 8th of May 2015. In this study, the employees’ performance was examined on the bases of few factors like an organizational cultural change, communication between the acquirer and target bank, organizational change managed by the acquirer firm, and job satisfaction of both the acquirer and the target banks’ employees. We collected the Primary data by using the questionnaire methodology where we collected data from 200 respondents of both banks representing the overall population of the acquirer bank and target bank. The findings of this study were interpreted with the help of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which were used to find the impact of independent variables; cultural change, communication gap, organizational change and job satisfaction on dependent variable(s) which is employees’ performance. The outcome of our questionnaires data shows that proper management of independent variables can decrease the level of anxiety amongst employees, which affect the industry making a successful acquisition.
Synthesis of Framework of Virtual Immersive Learning Environments (VILEs) Based on Digital Storytelling to Enhance Deeper Learning for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Jantakoon Thada , Wannapiroon Panita , Nilsook Prachyanun
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to synthesize theoretical and designing framework of Virtual Immersive Learning Environments (VILEs) based on digital storytelling to enhance deeper learning for undergraduate students. Documents analysis and survey research were employed in this study. The procedures were as follows: (1) to examine and analyze the principles, theories and related researches, (2) to study instructional context, (3) to synthesize the theoretical framework, and (4) to synthesize the designing framework. The results revealed that the theoretical framework comprised of four bases was as follows: (1) immersive technology, (2) digital storytelling, (3) Stories evaluation and (4) deeper learning. The designing framework consisted of 4 elements, were as follows: (1) VILEs based on digital storytelling to enhance deeper learning, (2) Supporting Cognitive, (3) Supporting Interpersonal and (4) Support Intrapersonal.
The Relationship between the Teacher Candidates’ Level of Media Literacy and Participation Levels to Protest and Social Change
Authors: Tutkun Tugay , Kıncal Remzi Y.
Published: March 2019

The term active citizenship is defined as participation in civil society, community and/or political life, characterized by mutual respect and non-violence and in accordance with human rights and democracy within the European context (Hoskins & Mascherini, 2009). Promoting active citizenship is one of the European Commission’s strategies for increasing social cohesion and reducing the democratic deficit across European countries within the context of the wider Lisbon process. Developing citizen awareness, knowledge and skill level of democratic rights, sensitiveness to social issues and defense against negative impact of media messages are among these objectives. European Commission considers media literacy an extremely important factor for active citizenship in today's information society. Within the European context active citizenship is defined as the combination of four dimensions; (1) protest and social change, (2) community life, (3) representative democracy and (4) democratic values (Hoskins & Mascherini, 2009). Teachers’ perceptions of citizenship are among the frequently researched subjects in terms of both their effect on students’ perception of citizenship and as a citizen. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between teacher candidates’ level of media literacy and active citizenship, in terms of their participation level to protest and social change. Survey method is used to collect data in this casual comparative research. Sample of the study is 1101 freshman and senior teacher candidates studying in Faculty of Education at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University in the academic year of 2011-2012. The relationship between media literacy level and participation level to protest and social change is explored after controlling for the effect of socio-economic factors. It is explored that there is a significant relationship between media literacy level and participation level to protest and social change which is preserved after controlling for socio-economic factors. According to results, this study discusses how to handle digital and media literacy education in formal and informal settings in teacher education programs in relation to active citizenship.
Coaches’ Perceptions and Intentions Towards Entrepreneurship
Authors: Şirin Yeliz Eratlı
Published: March 2019

In this study, it was aimed to examine the entrepreneurial characteristics of the coaches in terms of demographic variables. The study was designed in a descriptive model and quantitatively.The sample consisted of a total of 130 coaches of 38 females, 92 males. “Entrepreneurship Scale” was used as data collection tool which is developed by Deveci and Çepni (2015). Data were not normal distribution. Therefore, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used. Descriptive statistics were also used. In the study, it was determined that coaches had middle and upper level entrepreneurship features and there were no differences in gender and level of coaching according to demographic variables. There was also a significant difference in risk taking and self-confidence subscales according to coaching years. As a result, according to demographic variables, risk taking and self-confidence are affected by the coaching year.
The Mediating Role of Stress on the Effect of Self-Control and Self-Management on Level of Hope in Coaches
Authors: Sucan Serdar
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to the role of stress on the effect of self-control and self-management on hope level in coaches. The research population consisted of 196 (80 females, 116 males) physical education teachers working in schools in Kayseri. Participants were administered the Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Adult Hope Scale (AHS). As a result of the correlation analysis, there was a positive and significant relationship between the self-control and self-management skills and level of hope scores of the coaches (p<0.01). In addition, there was a high and negative correlation between self-control and self-management skills and perceived stress scores of coaches (p<0.01). As a result of the regression analysis, the level of hope of the coaches on self-control and self-evaluation; on the level of self-control and self-assessment of coaches; The perceived stress of the coaches was a significant predictor of the level of hope (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study showed that perceived stress directly affects self-control and self-management.
Solving Black-Schole Equation Using Standard Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Njamen Njomen Didier Alain , Djeutcha Eric
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we emphasize the Black-Scholes equation using standard fractional Brownian motion BHwith the hurst index H ∈ [0,1]. N. Ciprian (Necula, C. (2002)) and Bright and Angela (Bright, O., Angela, I., & Chukwunezu (2014)) get the same formula for the evaluation of a Call and Put of a fractional European with the different approaches. We propose a formula by adapting the non-fractional Black-Scholes model using a λHfactor to evaluate the european option. The price of the option at time t ∈]0,T[ depends on λH(T − t), and the cost of the action St, but not only from t − T as in the classical model. At the end, we propose the formula giving the implied volatility of sensitivities of the option and indicators of the financial market.
Teaching the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Authors: Bowers Adam
Published: March 2019

An alternate approach to teaching the meaning and use of an important calculus concept might minimize what is traditionally a struggle.
Harnessing Students' Misconceptions and Fragile Understandings
Authors: Suzuka Kara , Venenciano Linda
Published: March 2019

Use the Reversibility, Flexibility, Generalization (RFG) questioning framework to develop robust, multifaceted, interconnected, and lasting mathematical comprehension.
Addressing Misconceptions in Algebra 1
Authors: Stegall Joanna B. , Malloy Jacquelynn A.
Published: March 2019

An algebra 1 teacher collaborated with two university researchers to develop vocabulary minilessons and peer discussions to support students in understanding and using algebraic language.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF A TOROIDAL PRESSURE VESSEL OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR GAS (CNG) POWERED VEHICLES
Authors: PATIÑO PEREZ DARWIN , CORZ RODRIGUEZ ALFONSO
Published: March 2019

In the present work a design is made, using numerical simulations, with the finite element method (FEM) a linear elastic analysis will be performed for the optimal design of a toroidal pressure vessel resistant, lightweight and capable of storing compressed natural gas (CNG) for vehicles.
For the design the material AS / 3501 (carbon fiber and epoxy matrix) is used, since there are studies that indicate that, with this type of material, high resistances and better performance have been obtained than with metallic materials.
In the analysis, the influence exerted by the angular orientation of the sheets on the strength of the laminate will be determined, as well as the variation of tension, deformation and displacement that occurs in the toroid when subjected to pressure, until the criterion of failure indicate it.

The optimization of the volume of the material, will be made with the metaheuristic algorithm called Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO), which will use Threads in Java for the execution of the scripts developed in ANSYS for the analysis of the FEM and with which will be reduced computing times improving to the optimizer.

Key Words: pressure vessel, toroidal shape, finite elements, numerical simulations, optimization, threads.
Proximate Analysis of Some Selected Infant Formula Sold in Makurdi Metropolis
Authors: Onuorah Ogochukwu Augustina , Sha'ato Rufus , Obioma Okeke Rufina , Adebimpe Adegoke Abiodun , Atanda Adekola Omololu , Ugwu Louis , Akinsola Oludayo Michael
Published: March 2019

Infant formula is a synthetic version of mother’s milk and belongs to a class of food materials known as dairy substitutes. This study was designed to evaluate the proximate composition of some selected infant formula sold in Makurdi metropolis. Six (6) different brands of infant formula samples were purchased from the major markets, Wadata market and North bank market Makurdi Benue State, North Central Nigeria. The six different brands comprise of three (3) infant milk formulae and three (3) infant cereal formulae. Samples on some Selected Infant Formulae were analysed in the laboratory for proximate composition and the data were subjected to Analysis of Variance to rank the significant differences in means. There were significantly different (P<0.05) across the selected infant formulae sample for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fate, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The result shows that FRISOGOLD significantly (P<0.05) has the highest moisture content (11.60%) with cowbell having the lowest (2.45%) while the ash content of cowbell was found to be the highest compared to other formulae. In conclusion, the commercial baby food samples (MYBOY, NAN and cowbell) have a low moisture content which suggests an asset as this prolongs the shelf life and also inhibits microbial activity on these products thereby preventing spoilage.
Threats of Global Climate Change: A Review of the Driver to Multiples Environmental Degradation, Human Right Injustice and Unsustainable Development
Authors: Nkongho Ayuk Macbert , George Cherabe Nchomba
Published: March 2019

As we embrace the new millennium of the 21st century, the threats to the environment are unprecedented. However, none of these threats is as immense as global warming. Environmental management and conservation actions are floundering in the face of climate change as the latter poses a complex, bewildering array of impacts to the environment particularly on the state, individuals, communities, and cultures, as well as on natural resources (land, water, and air). Because of this, there is the need for the protection and promotion of climate change justice. The problem facing policy-makers and environmental stakeholders is how to plan within the context of global warming and to implement strategies for increasing the resistance and resilience of the environment to climate change impacts. This is because climate change is an issue of reality and is seemingly difficult to understand and to be plan for. It is, therefore, vital that a justice-centered approach is adopted to combat climate change. This article, therefore, seeks to analyze the causes and impacts of climate change, designs strategies and recommendations which is hope to address the adverse effects of climate change on human rights and the environment.
Toxicological Effects and Histopathological Alterations of Diazinon and Alpha Cypermethrin on Male Albino Rats
Authors: Hammad Maher A. , Ziada Reem M.
Published: March 2019

Background: In Egypt, risk assessment of pesticides usage and pesticides misuse to protect plants and increase productivity connected with health hazards and pollution problems have been of public interest. Around the world three million acute poisoning cases from pesticide exposure annually report.

Aim of study was to investigate the histopathological alterations, biochemical and genotoxicity adverse effects of synthetic insecticides Diazinon (organophosphorus) and alpha cypermethrin (pyrethroid) which are using for agricultural and public health applications on male albino rats.

Methods: Twenty one albino rats were detached into control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with Diazinon (DIZ) and Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) at sub-lethal dose (1/10 LD50 36.51 and 1.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively) by oral treatment for consecutively 28-days. The male albino rats in control treatment were put in similar surrounding conditions and treated with 5 ml /Kg tap water. Albino rats were killed after completing exposure of 28-days, liver and brain samples were dissected out for processing and sectioning examinations.

Results: The obtained results revealed that both tested insecticides induced oxidative damage as appearance by a significant raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) indicating lipid peroxidation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage indicating genotoxicity in the liver and brain. Besides, increase in GSH level and decline in enzymatic antioxidants (GST, CAT, SOD) activities were observed in liver. Marked increase was noticed in GSH levels and GST activity in brain whereas CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes activity were significantly reduced. Histopathological studies in brain and liver revealed multiplied focal hepatic necrosis, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and portal infiltration inflammatory cells in the liver. Necrosis of neurons, neuronophagia, focal gliosis and cellular oedema, congestion of cerebral blood vessel were noticed in the brain of exposed rats.

Conclusion: The histopathological examination of brain and liver tissues and oxidative damage biomarkers showed adverse effects of DIZ or α-CYP insecticides at the tested dose (1/10 LD50).
Fungitoxic Potentials of Extracts of Plant Origin against Fugal Root Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Storage
Authors: Amadioha A. C. , Chidi Kenkwo Promise , Markson A. A.
Published: March 2019

Investigations were carried out on the use of the water and ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta in the management of postharvest deterioration of cassava root caused by Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer. Water and ethanolic extracts of the plant materials had significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on the pathogenic organisms. Water and ethanol extracts of C. alata and T. erecta respectively at 50% concentration gave the same highest radial growth inhibition of 80.20% on A. flavus in vitro  followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta at 50% concentration gave the highest inhibitory effect of 53.50% on R. stolonifer followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense whereas the least growth inhibition of 0.17% was recorded by aqueous extract of P. guineense on R. stolonifer.  In vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension (1x105 spores/ml of distilled water) of test fungi showed significant reduction in root rot incidence and severity.  The lowest incidence and severity of cassava root rot of 16.5% and 1.45 respectively were recorded with T. erecta ethanol extracts applied before inoculation of A. flavus indicating that the extracts of the plant materials could be better used as protectant than eradicant in the control of post harvest fungal deterioration of cassava root. R. stolonifer showed stronger resistance to the extracts of the plant materials than A. flavus during pathogenesis in vivo.
Towards an Understanding of Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Plant
Authors: Meena Yogendra K. , Kaur Nirmaljit
Published: March 2019

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stress that can causes huge loss to the world food production. It remains a major contributor to severe food shortage and famine. With a consistent increase in world population, pressure will continue to mount on the existing yet limited water resources. The situation is respected to further aggravate due to the predicted increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation consequent upon global warming. Water scarcity has already become a severe constraint in plant survival and productivity of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. The active response of plants to drought stress through various biochemical and physiological modifications improves the metabolism and can further the mobilize various defense mechanisms in order to enhance survival of the plants under conditions of drought. In this review, various physiological and biochemical responses in plants towards enhancement of drought tolerance are discussed.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterisation of Some Novel Butadienyl Asycyanine Colorants having Lepidine Moiety
Authors: Sajjad Yasir , Yadav Ram Ekbal , Ali I. , Ansari A. S.
Published: March 2019

Twenty-one novel chromophoric chain β-substituted butadienyl asycyanine colorants have been synthesized by catalytic condensation of (i) dimethylaminostyryl phenyl ketone, (ii) 4ʹ-dimethylaminostyryl-4ʹ-nitrophenyl ketone and (iii) 4ʹ-dimethylaminostyryl-4ʹ-methoxyphenyl ketone with seven lepidinium methyliodide salts in ethanolic DMF medium using piperidine as basic catalyst. These colorants were synthesized with the objective to study the effect of electron acceptor and electron donor group substituent at 4ʹ-position in the chain β-phenyl nucleus on visible absorption maxima. The newly prepared colorants were found to exhibit uniform increase in absorption maxima i.e. Red shift (RS), when collated with analogues having no substituent in the β-phenyl nucleus. Again the absorption maxima of the title colorants were found to be higher than the absorption maxima of previously prepared butadienyl colorants having quinoline mioety of same conjugated system.
Performance of Sugar Beet (Beeta vulgaris) to Different Dates of Sowing under Temperature Regime
Authors: Lamani Kumar D. , Halikatti S. I.
Published: March 2019

Field experiment was undertaken during 2005-06 to 2006-07 to study the various agro-techniques for sugar beet cultivation for Northern Karnataka at Agricultural Research Station, Bailhongal, Belgaum district (Karnataka) under irrigated condition. The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations comprising of sugar beet dates of sowing and cultivars. Design of the experiment was split plot having date of sowing as main plot and genotypes as subplots. Among the 12 different dates of sowing, higher yield and yield attributes were observed in sowing at October I fortnight compared to the rest of the treatments and between the two sugar beet genotypes, Cauvery recorded significantly higher yield and yield attributes than Indus. Similar trend was followed for quality parameters also. Sowing of sugar beet crop either in winter season or monsoon gave higher yield and sowing in April month was not suitable as it gave very low yields.
Tuberculosis-Candida Co-Infection in Patients having Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending DOTs Clinic in Rumuigbo Model Primary Health Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Hanson Asikiya , Enoch Amala Smart , Wokem Gloria N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Some pulmonary tuberculosis subjects were some co-infected with Candida such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. kruezi and C. paraspsilosis which were initially thought to be normal floras of the oral cavity. The percentage of tuberculosis patients co-infected with Candida is becoming a concern and might complicate the treatment of tuberculosis.

Materials and Methods: A total of 400 sputum samples were collected and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and Genexpert system, Gram’s stain, Germ tube test and examination in KOH preparation were conducted. Culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with gentamicin, and cultured on CHROMagar Candida and sugar fermentation were carried out for Candida.

Results: Out of the 400 sputum samples examined 93(23.3%) had TB and 32(8.0%) were positive for Candida. By gender the prevalence of tuberculosis were females 51(22.4%), males 42(24.4%) while the prevalence of Candida were females 18(35.3%) and males 14(33.3%). The percentage occurrences of Candida sp. isolated were C. albicans which was the predominant species 10(21.5%), C. tropicals 5(5.4%), C. krusei 4(4.3%) and C. Parapsilosis 3(3.2%) respectively.

Conclusion: Candida albicans remains the most predominant species of Candida in patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and colonization by Candida sp should not be ignored. The presence of Candida sp. might contribute to in one way to the progression of the disease.
Agricultural Production Activities, Profit Efficiency Nexus Livelihood Diversification among Public Servant Households in Kwara State Nigeria
Authors: Oladimeji Y. U. , Ajao A. M. , Abdulsalam Z.
Published: March 2019

Agricultural production activities are gradually becoming important livelihood diversification among urban and peri-urban households whose main occupation is public service. The study focuses on livelihood diversification through agricultural production activities among public servants in Kwara State, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data (production records) were collected. Three hundred and thirty public servants comprising 150 fish farmers, 60 broiler farmers and 120 arable crop farmers were randomly selected through field survey with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using Herfindahl‐Hirshman index (HHI), net margin and stochastic frontier profit function regression analysis. Fish, broiler and arable crop production were profitable with mean profit of ₦132,260 per 1000 fingerlings, ₦912 per bird and ₦89,564 per ha and mean profit efficiency of 72.6%, 74% and 68% respectively. The HHI of diversity revealed a significant level of income diversification to agricultural production activities. These contributed about 40%, 36.5% and 29% to total household income of public servants who engaged in fish farming, broiler production and arable cropping respectively. Public servant farmers should form a formidable group to enjoy economic of scale to purchase agricultural inputs and should be given adequate training through their cooperative by inviting resource personnel.