bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guru Profesional Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Yusuf , Siregar Balo
Published: May 2020

Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan yang ada pada pendidikan di Indonesia adalah menjadikan para guru sebagai seseorang yang profesional yang memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya. Penelitian ini mengangkat topik tentang guru profesional menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka (Studi Komparatif). Kedua tokoh ini adalah tokoh yang hidup pada masa dan negeri yang berbeda, bahkan menganut aliran pemahaman yang berbeda pula. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru profesional menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka, dan bagaimanakah perbandingan guru profesional menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini adalah termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan library research. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis kritis, sumber data primernya adalah karya-karya Imam al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka yang berhubungan dengan guru profesional dan data sekundernya adalah karya-karya yang serupa yang mempunyai tema sama. Analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan cara content analysis atau analisa isi yaitu pengolahan data dengan cara pemilahan tersendiri berkaitan dengan pembahasan dari beberapa gagasan atau pemikiran para tokoh pendidikan yang kemudian dideskripsikan, dibahas dan dikritik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru profesional menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Buya Hamka memiliki persamaan dan ada perbedaan:Diantara persamaan pendapat mereka adalah bahwa guru menjadi teladan bagi peserta didik, memiliki prinsip dan kasih sayang dll. Sedangkan perbedaan pendapat mereka yaitu menurut Buya Hamka guru harus mampu bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat sedangkan Imam al-Ghazali tidak memiliki pemikiran itu jadi penulis anggap berbeda dll.
The Implementation of Lesson Study in Students Field Experience Program at Primary School
Authors: Halidjah Siti
Published: April 2020

The main focus of the implementation of lesson study was student activity in the classroom, assuming that the student's activities are related to the activities of the teacher while teaching in grade. Lesson study is a way to improve the quality of education that never ends. This study aimed to describe the application of lesson study in the implementation of practical experience programs for students in primary schools. This research used a qualitative approach. The source of data in this study was the students field experience program by applying the lesson study. The data were obtained from PGSD (primary teacher education) in FKIP (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education) students in the 7th semester. The research procedures used the stages of planning, implementation, data analysis, and report writing. Data collection techniques were direct observation techniques with data collection tools in the form of observation sheets. The results showed that the ability of students to compile learning plans increased 86.68 with the excellent category.
Targeting TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L Together May Be Synergistic Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Padmanabhan Pranesh , Desikan Rajat , Dixit Narendra
Published: April 2020

The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells requires the activation of its surface spike protein, S, by host proteases. The host serine protease TMPRSS2 and cysteine proteases Cathepsin B/L can activate S, making two independent entry pathways accessible to SARS-CoV-2. Blocking the proteases prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry in vitro. This blockade may be achieved in vivo through ‘repurposing’ existing drugs and offers a potential treatment option for COVID-19, currently in clinical trials. Here, we found, surprisingly, that drugs targeting the two pathways, although independent, could display strong synergy in blocking virus entry. We predicted this synergy first using a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 entry and dynamics in vitro. The model considered the two pathways explicitly, let the entry efficiency through a pathway depend on the corresponding protease expression level, which varied across cells, and let inhibitors compromise the efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. We showed, analysing our model, that the synergy was novel and arose from effects of the drugs at both the single cell and the cell population levels. Validating our predictions, we found that available in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV entry displayed this synergy. Exploiting the synergy may improve the deployability of drug combinations targeting host proteases required for SARS-CoV-2 entry.
Fluorogenic Probe Using a Mislow-Evans Rearrangement for Time-Resolved Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Pham Dianne , Basu Upamanyu , Pohorilets Ivanna , Croix Claudette M. St , Watkins Simon , Koide Kazunori
Published: April 2020

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a second messenger that mediates the biology of wound healing, apoptosis, inflammation, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. Its presence has been fluorometrically imaged with protein- or small molecule-based sensors. However, only protein-based sensors have afforded temporal insights with the resolution of seconds. Small molecule-based fluorogenic probes are preferred for various reasons; however, current electrophilic chemosensors react with H2O2 slowly, requiring >20 minutes for a sufficient response. Here, we report a fluorogenic probe that selectively reacts with H2O2 and undergoes a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement (seleno-Mislow-Evans rearrangement) followed by an acetal hydrolysis to produce a green fluorescent molecule in seconds. The mode of reaction is based on the umpolung of previously developed sensors; the probe acts as a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The fast kinetics outcompete the reaction between thiols and H2O2, enabling real-time imaging of H2O2 produced inside the subcellular compartments of cells in 8 seconds. Further, the probe was able to recapitulate data previously observed only with a genetically encoded protein-based sensor. The present probe design provides a platform that can match the temporal resolution of protein-based H2O2 detection.
Aerosol vaccine of Influenza-A Critical Review
Authors: Patil Amit B , Gayathri Garemella Lakshmi
Published: April 2020

Viruses are the most important mortal pathogens. The influenza virus is accountable for mortality and chronic illness in the world. Today we study the methods of vaccine administration i.e. aerosol method and its evaluation for the improvement of the changes in this method before given to humans and their immunological activity. The aerosol method is taken because it provides the advantages of direct administration of the antigens into bronchi of the lungs thereby producing the antibodies directly for the strains of influenza introduced since its presently nonreplicable viruses. Since vaccination can be done at age of 6 months to 65 years, the aerosol vaccination can be given for the age group of 2 -65 years, it can be self-medicated so that dependence is not required as such of the injectables, and it is directed for localized action and there by systemic action. The study also helps in understanding and better the development of vaccines which are useful for the mankind in future, there by chances of eradicating the deadly diseases, this review helps in understanding of the vaccine developments and also in formation of antigen antibodies, comparative studies between the aerosol vaccines, liquid dosage form and solid dosage form help in better understanding of the design of the vaccinations which is useful for all age groups and also useful for the better recovery from diseases and also the effective means for eradication of the viral infections
Evaluation of Anti-Centromere Antibodies, Anti-SSA and Anti-SSB in Serum and Saliva of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Al-Mudhaffar Mohassad H , Zaidan Taghreed F
Published: May 2020

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune illness, which is consider by three main features: Sclerotic changes in the skin and internal organs, Vasculopathy of small blood vessels, Particular autoantibodies (1). The most important autoantibodies appeared significantly in SSc patients are anti-topoisomerase I autoantibody (Scl-70), anti-centromere autoantibody (ACA), and anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibody (RNAP3) (2). Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) are infrequent in rheumatic conditions and in healthy persons but occur commonly in limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome), and rarely appeared in the diffuse form of systemic sclerosis (3). Anti-Ro/SSA and antiLa/SSB, antibodies directed against Ro/La ribonucleoprotein complexes, can serve as a diagnostic hallmark of autoimmune disease specially Sjogren’s syndrome (4). Materials and methods: This study was carried out during the period from the middle of November 2015 until the end of November 2016 in Baghdad city. The sample of this study was divided into two groups : Forty systemic sclerosis patients: Those patients were treated at Rheumatology department in Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad city as well as Forty healthy control subjects, age matched with no signs and symptoms of any systemic diseases. Results: The serum anti-SSA in SSc patient was significant increased as well as the salivary anti-SSA in SSc patient was highly significantly increased than in the control subjects by using t-test. The present study found that there no statically difference in salivary ACA, anti-SSB and serum anti-SSB while serum ACA was significantly increased. Conclusions: autoantibodies play a role in pathogenesis of SSc patients represented by increased serum (ACA and anti-SSA) that it considered reliable indicator for SSc patients while unpredicted marker in saliva except anti-SSA. Anti-La/SSB is unreliable marker in both serum and saliva SSc patients. The presence of Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in serum and saliva of SSc patient has been predictive marker for SSc overlapped Sjogren’s syndrome.
Immunohistochemical expression of endocan, as a marker of assessment of angiogenic potential in benign vascular lesions (hemangioma, lymphangioma and lobular capillary hemangioma) of head and neck region
Authors: Tater Jawaher M , Abdullah Bashar H , Hussain Wisam A
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Vascular tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases with biological behavior ranging from a hamartomatous growth to frank malignant. The pathophysiology of lymphangioma, vascular malformation and hemangioma is interconnected, blood vessels known to be the site of origin of hamartomas, venous malformations and some neoplasms as benign, tumor-like growth of vessels (hemangiomas). Angiogenesis is the process of formation of new blood vessels from an existing structure.

Aims of study Assessment of angiogenic potential in benign vascular lesions (hemangioma, lymphangioma and lobular capillary hemangioma) of head and neck region.

 Materials and Methods: Twenty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of Hemangioma/vascular malformation, thirty of lobular capillary hemangioma and another twenty of lymphangioma to be stained with Endothelial cell-Specific Molecule-1 (ESM-1) monoclonal antibody.      

Results: Microvessel density expressed by Endothelial cell-Specific Molecule-1 (ESM-1) immunomarker was found in all cases with mean density of (37.44±23.16) for lobular capillary hemangioma and (25.02±13.89) for hemangioma and (6.34±3.52) for lymphangioma.  According to post hoc test ESM-1 marker expression showed a high significant difference between (hemangioma and lymphangioma=0.001), (lymphangioma, pyogenic granuloma=0.000), and it was significantly different between (hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma=0.011)

Conclusions: The obvious capillary growth in lobular capillary hemangioma revealed that lobular capillary hemangioma showed the highest activity of angiogenic potential in comparison to hemangioma and lymphangioma.
Early impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on gingival health status in relation to weight status
Authors: Alasadi Zaid   A , Qasim Alhan    A
Published: May 2020

Background: fixed orthodontic appliances deleterious influence on gingival health is well documented. Association between weight status and gingival health is presented in many studies. This study aimed to evaluate how early the impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on patients` gingival health, and if there are differences of that impact among different weight status groups. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 54 patients (25 males, 29 females; age limits are 16 -18 years) going under the course of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) into 3 weight status groups considering WHO charts in 2007 (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese), then determination of each patient`s gingival health status was through the criteria of the gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness in 1963 which modified by Loe in 1967. Records of gingival index for all patients who met specific criteria were taken in three time points [before bonding (1st visit), 2 weeks after bonding (2nd visit), and 4 weeks after bonding (3rd visit)]. Also BMI of the patients were checked at each of the three visits. Results: There was a significant increase in gingival index for all BMI weight status groups after just two weeks of treatment, and the increase continues during the 3rd visit, with no significant difference in impact among weight status groups. Conclusions: oral health preventive measures should be applied rapidly and equally to all patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, without taking their BMI weight status in consideration.
Assessment of Dental Calculus, Plaque and GingivalInflammation in Patients with Urinary Stone
Authors: Mohammed Maher  B , Mahmood Maha   Sh.
Published: May 2020

Background: Dental calculus is mineralized dental plaque formed on teeth and dental prosthesis surfaces in the oral cavity. Urinary stone is a crystal aggregation formed in urinary system due to minerals saturation present in urine. The structure of dental calculus is similar to that of urinary stone. Objective: To assess oral hygiene and gingival status in patients with urinary stone. And compared with healthy subjects. Patients and Methods: Sixty participants, 25-40 years, were involved in this study who were divided into study and control group. The study group involved patients with urinary stone while the control group involved healthy subjects. Clinical parameters including plaque, calculus and gingival indices were recorded for all participants. The correlation between the recorded clinical parameters was estimated. Results: The study group mean (±SD) plaque (1.435±0.499), gingival (0.995±0.288) and calculus (1.28 ±0.66) indices were found to be significantly high compared with control group(0.868±0.265), (0.602±0.265) (0.501±0.457 ) respectively. The formed calculus was positively associated with accumulated plaque (r: 0.608, p < 0.05) and gingival inflammation(r: 0.612, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Urinary stone patients were associated with more plaque and calculus accumulation, and had worse gingival inflammation compared to healthy participants. Thus, they need to be more aware of their gingival health status and improved preventive care of oral health.
Oral health knowledge and practices of women attending dental clinics of Baghdad University
Authors: Al-Dafaai Raya  R. , Hoobi Nibal  M.
Published: May 2020

Background: Knowledge is considered to be essential for developing healthy practices and preventing the main oral diseases. In some developing countries, women were at higher risk to develop these diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate women’s dental knowledge and practices through a specific questionnaire and the relationship with patient’s educational level and the number of their children. Subjects and method: Women, aged from 25-35 years old, were selected to participate in the current study. They were attending dental clinics in the teaching hospital of Baghdad University. Each participant was instructed to answer questionnaire sheet which is previously prepared in Arabic language by the authors. The total number of women was divided into three groups according to women’s educational level and the number of their children. Results: The number of women that participated in the study was 150. Higher percent of them (58.7%) have received instruction on the use of dental floss but 60.0% had no information about fluoride. Dental floss was used by only 24.7% of women. Higher percent of women eat candies, chocolate bars and cookies in between meals. Significant association was reported between educational level and oral health information. Educational level didn’t influence patients’ health practices. Frequency of follow-up appointments and toothbrushes changes were higher among women with less number of children. Conclusion: The study revealed important gaps in oral health practices especially in diet control and the use of dental floss. There is a need for frequent dental educational programmes among women to promote the proper practices and to achieve good oral hygiene.
Comparison between diode laser and scalpel for lip lengthening in patients with gummy smile
Authors: Mawlood Qassab Alan H , Hamad Shehab A
Published: May 2020

Background: lip lengthening procedure is one of the surgical options for the correction of gummy smile in patients with short upper lip. Methods: A comparative clinical study was conducted on 15 patients requiring lip lengthening procedure for the esthetic correction of excessive gingival exposure with gummy smile. Scalpel was used in seven patients and diode laser in the remaining eight patients. Under infiltration anesthesia, about one cm strip of mucosa was excised at the vestibular depth and the mucosa of the lip was sutured to the alveolar mucosa. Results: The diode laser group demonstrated less postoperative pain and swelling. Regarding postoperative ecchymosis, three patients in the scalpel group developed ecchymosis and no cases were noted in the laser group, the difference was statistically significant. No patient in the laser group developed wound dehiscence and only one patient in the scalpel group had wound dehiscence at third postoperative day. Observed at one month postoperatively, the laser treated groups had less obvious scar than the scalpel group. Conclusion: Diode laser is a valuable tool in performing lip lengthening for gummy smile.
Effect of ageing on selected salivary chemical compositions and dental caries experience among group of adults
Authors: Al-Tamimi Hiba K. , Al-Rawi Nadia A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Ageing is a continuous accumulative ordinary physiological phenomena occurs upon all organs and body structures including saliva by its constituents which can influence the caries process, for that this study was conducted to determine the impact of ageing on selected chemical composition of saliva and their effects on dental caries experience characteristics at different age groups among apparently healthy men. Materials and method: A descriptive comparative study was conducted to compare between three study samples (young, middle and old age adults), thirty male in each study insert, aged (20 years, 40 years and 60 years) respectively. They were selected from private health center in Baghdad - Iraq, from the mid of November 2017until the end of February 2018, where they subjected to complete body investigations to confirm their health status, followed by thorough general body history and oral examination. Caries experience was recorded according to the criteria of WHO in1987. Un-stimulated saliva was collected according to Navazesh and Kumer and analyzed chemically to determine the level of calcium ions and alkaline phosphatase. All data then statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The current study, showed that the caries experience represented by DMFs increased with increasing age, by which the highest mean value of DMFs was established in the oldest age (60.37± 31.39) and the lowest mean value was noted among the youngest age (7.27±8.02). A significant differences existed between all study samples (p≤0.05). However, the missing surfaces represented the largest proportion of DMFs value when compared to Ds and Fs among all ages Iin the current study, with significant differences (p≤0.05) was followed by the decay fraction that found to be increased with age but with no significant difference. Salivary Calcium ions showed decreasing with increasing age with statically significant differences among different study samples while salivary alkaline phosphatase was increased with increasing age with no significant differences. Concerning the caries experience among the study samples, the salivary Ca+2 ions inversely correlated while alkaline phosphates correlated positively with caries experience. Conclusion: there is a significant age related changes on the selected chemical constituents of saliva that could affect the caries experience
Acute responses to 4 vs. 4 small-sided games in football players
Authors: Bujalance-Moreno Pascual , Latorre-Román Pedro A. , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martínez-Amat Antonio , García-Pinillos Felipe
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to examine
acute physiological responses, physical fitness parameters and time-motion characteristics
associated with a 4-a-side small-sided game in amateur level players. Sixteen male football players (age 23.9±4.2 years)
completed one 4-a-side small-sided game with the aim of maintaining ball
possession as long as possible. The participants were monitored for external
load and physiological parameters, and tested before and after for physical
fitness assessment. A Student’s paired t-test was conducted to
determine the differences in physical fitness assessment. A repeated measures
analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to determine the dynamics of
physiological parameters in players, their RPE and time-motion characteristics
of SSG.
A significant difference was found in
20 m sprint time between before and after the SSG (Δ=+1.3%) .
No significant differences were found between bouts or recovery periods for THb
and SmO2, nor between HR-related variables (ES=.005-.383). Compared
to RPE in bout 1, greater values were observed in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (Δ=+5.3%, p=.008, ES=.40; Δ=+9.6%,
p=.002, ES=.98; Δ=+15.1%, p=.000, ES=1.29;
respectively). No significant differences were found between bouts for
time-motion characteristics. The
results demonstrated that RPE responses increased throughout bout periods,
whereas the rest of physiological parameters were maintained over the entire
protocol. Due to possible fatigue accumulation, physical fitness performance
was impaired (sprint) and the external load was reduced over the course of the
protocol.
"The Reality and Expectation of Mechanisms of Community-Oriented
Policing for Reducing Crime in Palestine: A Field Study According to Police Officers’ Viewpoints"
Authors: Abdulraheem Muahmmad Kaddomy Abdulnasser
Published: May 2020

هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى التّعرف على ظاهرة إطلاق الأعيرة النّاريّة في المناسبات الاجتماعية في المجتمع الأردني، وتحديد المناطق التي تنتشر فيها هذه الظاهرة، والدوافع الكامنة وراءها من وجهة نظر سوسيولوجية، وأنواع الأسلحة الأكثر استخدامًا وأكثر المناسبات شيوعًا لاستخدامها، إضافة إلى القوانين والتشريعات الناظمة لحمل الأسلحة النّاريّة والآثار السلبية لتلك الظاهرة على المجتمع. وتكوّن مجتمع الدّراسة من مجموع سكّان قضاء برما ـ محافظة جرش البالغ عددهم (11.000) نسمة لعام 2015م، حيث تم أخذ عينة عشوائية بلغ حجمها (220) مفردة، خضعت جميعها للتحليل الإحصائي، وتم استخدام الرزمة الإحصائية للدراسات الاجتماعية (SPSS) لإيجاد قيمة المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية لإجراء التحليل الإحصائي، واستخدمت الدّراسة اختبار (Chi_SquareTest). وخلصت إلى أنّ إقليم الشمال الذي يقع فيه مجتمع الدّراسة احتلّ المرتبة الثانية في انتشار هذه الظاهرة بعد العاصمة عمان؛ حيث كانت فئة الشباب الأعلى في إطلاق الأعيرة النّاريّة، وكانت الأسباب الشخصية أهم الدوافع الكامنة وراء تلك الظاهرة وكان الرشّاش الأوتوماتيكي المتوسط السلاح الأكثر استخدامًا في المناسبات الاجتماعية وفي مقدمتها نتائج التوجيهي.
Revisiting Zakat Distribution on Income Inequality and Welfare: The Malaysia Experience
Authors: Ibrahim Patmawati , Ali Maimunah , Muridan Mazliana , Mohd Jazid Amirul Iman
Published: April 2020

This paper attempts to analyze the effects of zakat distribution on income inequality and welfare aspects of the poor Muslim society in Malaysia. The population of the study is the poor and hardcore poor of the zakat recipients in Selangor.  Exploring the cross sectional micro level data of nine districts in Selangor, Malaysia, this study adopted Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to represent positive measures of income inequality.  However, these measures do not take into account the welfare effects of the distribution to the society.  Hence, Atkinson index is adopted to represent the normative measures of inequality that takes into account the welfare effects of the zakat distribution to society.   Results of the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve have proven effectiveness of zakat distribution in reducing income inequality of the society. Whilst the theory of zakat says that zakat distribution will improve income inequality and welfare of the society, findings of the normative measures in this research show otherwise.  Therefore, this study is extended with zakat distribution simulation model based on had kifayah.  Results from the distribution simulation model proved the ability of zakat in narrowing down income inequality, reducing income loss and hence increasing the welfare of the society.
Productivity Comparation of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Mohd Salleh Marhanum Che , Rani Lina Nugraha
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to compare the productivity performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Indonesia with the Total Factor Productivity Index (TFPCH) indicator. The sample of this study was 14 banks consisting of 7 Islamic Banks and 7 Conventional Banks from 2011-2018. Secondary data were obtained from the annual financial statements of each sample. To measure the total factor productivity index (TFPCH), the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was used as a measure of productivity. It found that the productivity of Conventional Banks was slightly superior compared to Islamic Banks, with contributions from Technical / Technological Change (TECHCH) being the most influential component in the TFPCH composition. Further, there was an indication of a technical increase in both types of banks during the period. The results of this study implied banking industry players to increase their efficiency particularly the usage of technology in providing efficient services to users.
A Generational War Is Launched with The Birth of Ok Boomer in The Digital Age
Authors: Lim Young Joon , Lemanski Jennifer
Published: April 2020

This study examined recent virality of “Ok Boomer” in the United States. The term of Ok Boomer gained overnight momentum in the public sphere as the symbol of a generational war. While previous research has primarily examined racial and gender tensions, this study introduced a new phenomenon of the generational conflict between “Ok Boomers” and “Baby Boomers,” in which social media originated the term of Ok Boomer and traditional media diffused it with framed meaning. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to better understand the path of how “Ok Boomer” as a catchphrase, hashtag, noun cluster or trend resulted in attracting a massive amount of media and public attention. Relying on Node XL, Google Trends, and Nexus Nexis for data gathering and analyses, this study categorized four themes for a word, or an idea as an innovation to be publicly acknowledged: collaboration of social media and traditional media, public figures’ involvement for debate; confrontational social issues, and media-framed agenda. In sum, this study argues the term of Ok Boomer symbolizes the advent of a generational war in society in line with the long-standing race and gender wars in the media coverage.
Women and Make-Up: The Dilemma of Bourdieu's Subjectivism-Objectivism on Social Media
Authors: Suharnanik Suharnanik
Published: April 2020

This research refers to the trend of women's makeup in the 2020 era, which is dominated by natural makeup. Influencers and makeup artists have a role in popularizing it. The author is interested in examining the makeup behavior in women with Bourdieu's theory. What behaviors make a woman look natural, prioritize skin health, minimal makeup. What culture is behind it. The findings of this study are all women like makeup, habitus leads to natural makeup. Habitus emphasized freedom in analyzing a practice as an agent and social structure. Women have a habitus in using makeup determined by a dual mechanism not just the dominance of social media factors, but also played by self-freedom as women as influencers in the social media itself. The arena is an environment where strength is at stake in the struggle over capital resources. Social media is an arena, a different social space, more enabling women to compete more dynamically in gaining position and legitimacy. Women use practices in makeup as a strategy in winning a competition. The makeup practice is an accumulation of women's capital and habitus, where every woman is different in her practice. The method used in this research includes in-depth interviews with women who use makeup, as well as literacy studies of the concepts of capital, habitus, and the realm. The results showed that women undergoing their practice experienced "ambiguity" or dilemmas when using make-up strategies in their social arena.
Beyond the Lens: Kemi Adetiba’s King of Boys as A Metaphor for Power and Order in Democratic Nigeria
Authors: Onifade Oluwafemi Sunday
Published: April 2020

This study examines the symbolic representations of Nigerian social reality in the movie “King of Boys”. Social reality in this instance is examined from the perspective of official and unofficial political and economic power, influence, and coercion. Based on the framework of Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics and semiology theory, the study aims to examines the symbolic relationship between characters, scenes, and institutions in the Kemi Adetiba’s “King of Boys” and the realities in the Nigerian political and security sectors. Using the methodological approach of Critical Discourse Analysis, the study found that the movie is a bold attempt at representing the intricate power relations that exists within Nigerian political circles as well as that which exists between the Nigerian political class and organized crime
Análisis de la educación para la ciudadanía global en organizaciones de la sociedad civil en el ámbito rural de Zaragoza
Authors: Belén Dieste  , Teresa Coma-Roselló  , Ana Cristina Blasco-Serrano
Published: May 2020

Alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) requiere abordar la complejidad social desde la participación activa, donde lo global se funda con lo local. Las organizaciones de sociedad civil (OSC) tienen un papel relevante en la educación para la ciudadanía global (ECG)a través del trabajo en red, especialmente en el ámbito rural, donde se hace más patente la necesidad de un desarrollo sostenible. En este análisis descriptivo-exploratorio, se analiza el papel de las OSC en el ámbito rural de la provincia de Zaragoza, mediante un cuestionario sobre su actuación en el entorno y a través de un análisis del contenido de sus espacios virtuales. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de una mayor planificación y trabajo en red. Las acciones de ECG abordan, de manera interrelacionada, diferentes ODS y permiten un nuevo enfoque de los ámbitos de intervención en línea con el enfoque de la Agenda 2030.
‘You Can’t Be Much of Anything from Inside’: The Implications of Imprisoned Fathers’ Parental Involvement and Generative Opportunities for Children’s Wellbeing
Authors: Dennison Susan , Smallbone Holly
Published: April 2020

This study utilises interviews with 64 imprisoned fathers in South East Queensland (Australia) to examine changes in parental involvement since imprisonment. Although the majority of fathers were engaged in parenting their children before imprisonment, during the imprisonment period this parenting ceased for one third of previously involved fathers. The majority of fathers also described difficulties in being positively involved in their children’s lives. Results are discussed in terms of men’s opportunities for role modelling, generative thinking within a prison environment and the potential intergenerational consequences of reduced father involvement for children’s wellbeing.
Legal History Turns: Topics and Optics
Authors: Schultz Karen
Published: April 2020

This article locates ‘legal history turns’ in the wider intellectual landscape of the proliferation of turns in the 20th and 21st centuries, and examines the tension between turns’ diverse topics and optics. These ‘optics’ represent diverse historiographical and interdisciplinary perceptions that illuminate topics in law, legal scholarship and legal history. The article first ‘defines’ legal history turns, and then moves to consider how the increasing production of turns generates tensions not only between topics and optics, but between brighter views and darker visions of ‘turn talk’. The potential of exploring legal history turns is endorsed by identifying how optics are generated from the topics of the ‘Legal History Turns’ Special Issue.
The Many Meanings of Judicial Independence: Examples from British North America
Authors: Phillips Jim
Published: April 2020

This article argues that there will not be an ‘end of turns’, but that the turn to contextual legal history in the 1960s remains the most potent, enduring turn the discipline has undergone. The varying meaning of judicial independence in nineteenth-century British North America illustrates this. It represented and was influenced by grand constitutional principle, the struggle for colonial autonomy, local control over public finances, and judicial fear of popular involvement in the removal process. Contextualism and complexity is examined here through the lens of judicial independence in three British North American colonies – the colonists worked within the essential paradigm of the inherited British Constitution.
Preface
Authors: Schultz Karen
Published: April 2020

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Preface
Authors: Blake Meredith , Carroll Robyn , Webb Eileen
Published: April 2020

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Orpheus and the Law: The Story of Myrrha in Ovid’s Metamorphoses
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis
Published: April 2020

According to Horace, Orpheus and Amphion were the first legislators. They forbade casual sex, gave rights to spouses, and inscribed laws on wood (Ars Poetica 396-401). Orpheus, who is both the model of the devoted husband and the founding father of pederasty, simultaneously establishes and challenges the institution of marriage. His myth acquires a deeply political dimension at Rome after the emperor Augustus introduced laws that encouraged marriage and criminalised adultery. In the Metamorphoses, Orpheus attempts to regulate desire and is subsequently executed by married or marriageable women. He is a figure of Ovid, the poet who spelled out the constitution of the rules of conduct within the domains of sexual attraction in his Art of Love and was punished for subverting the institution of marriage. This article focuses on Orpheus’ story of Myrrha in Ovid’s Metamorphoses and reads the tale against the background of Augustus’ marriage and adultery laws. The myth of Myrrha is rife with legal language and courtroom rhetoric that provocatively conflate incest with marriage.
The ‘Bikie Effect’ and Other Forms of Demonisation: The Origins and Effects of Hyper-Criminalisation
Authors: McNamara Luke , Quilter Julia
Published: April 2020

The last decade has seen a significant expansion in the net cast by Australian criminal laws. In the name of crime prevention and risk management, legislatures around Australia have introduced various forms of ‘extreme’ criminalisation which push the criminal law beyond its traditional boundaries. This article presents four recent case studies of ‘hyper-criminalisation’ to show that law-makers have effectively deployed tropes of demonisation and danger – ‘bikies’ are the archetypal 21st century example – to justify expansion of the parameters of criminal law and the severity of its sanctions. We consider the implications of this type of law-making, given that, frequently, the resulting laws are not limited in their operation to the bikies or other ‘demons’ who were instrumental in their rhetorical justification.
Supported decision-making in Australia: Meeting the challenge of moving from capacity to capacity-building?
Authors: Carney Terry
Published: April 2020

Supported decision-making models are widely commended, but legislation is scant; and, while various programs of decision-making support have been tried, evaluations are few and methodological rigor is largely absent. This article reviews Australian law and practice, law reform proposals, and trials of decision support programs, to assess what has been achieved so far in realising the aspirations of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of providing 'support' with 'safeguards'. Taking the example of a current control group evaluation of impacts of experientially derived training materials for supporters, the article discusses the role of evidence-based approaches to transitioning from substitute to supported decision-making through capacitybuilding programs for supporters of people with cognitive impairments.
Effect of Including Treasury Shares in Market Capitalization, EPS, and PER: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Woojin , Im Jieun , Choi Youngsoo
Published: May 2020

Market capitalization (cap) is typically determined by multiplying price per share by the number of outstanding shares, excluding treasury shares. Nevertheless, a common practice in Korea has been, and still is, to include treasury shares in market cap. Such practice not only inherently overstates the true magnitude of the market cap by the amount of repurchased shares but also distorts earnings per share (EPS), price earnings ratio (PER), and other per share indicators or price multiples. This study is the first to examine how the practice of including treasury shares affects market cap and other indicators. Our results suggest that the reported market cap is overstated by roughly 6% on average in the Korean capital market. EPS is understated by 3.6%, and PER is overstated by 4.2%. We also recreate 5x5 test portfolios based on the Fama-French three factor model after appropriately excluding treasury shares, and find that up to 20% of constituent stocks may be different for certain test portfolios. These results suggest that Korean academics and practitioners should seriously reconsider the current practice of including treasury shares in calculating market cap and start excluding them to be more consistent with the theory and international practice.
Gases de efeito estufa em sistemas de produção animal brasileiros e a importância do balanço de carbono para a preservação ambiental (Greenhouse gases in brazilian livestock production systems and the importance of the carbon balance for environmental)
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Perondi Anchão
Published: April 2020

O aquecimento global, acentuado por ações antrópicas de emissão de gases de efeito estufa, tem como consequência as mudanças climáticas, que causam muitos transtornos ambientais para a humanidade. A atividade pecuária produz gases de efeito estufa na forma de metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O) principalmente, com tendência de aumento de emissão atrelado ao aumento da produção pecuária. A degradação de pastagens, o mais importante problema ambiental da pecuária, também pode contribuir para a emissão desses gases e pode levar à desertificação. Ações de mitigação dessas emissões podem amenizar o problema e devem ser observadas considerando-se o balanço de carbono dos sistemas de produção pecuários, onde, além da emissão de gases de efeito estufa, o sequestro de carbono é também considerado. Na pecuária, existe possibilidade de mitigação das emissões pela redução da emissão do CH4 e do N2O, entretanto, o maior potencial de mitigação das emissões está no sequestro de carbono devido à recuperação das pastagens. Apesar disso, grande ênfase é dada aos aspectos envolvendo a emissão de CH4 entérico pelos ruminantes e suas formas de mitigação. Também é importante ressaltar que a adoção das tecnologias que promovem a mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa depende mais de questões econômicas do que da viabilidade técnica das ações de mitigação propostas. Global warming is intensified by greenhouse gases emissions from human activities, resulting in climate change and causing many environmental disorders for humanity. The livestock produces greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) mainly and the increasing in emissions is linked to increased livestock production. The degradation of pastures had been the most important issue of livestock contributing to the greenhouse gases emissions and leading the desertification. Mitigation actions can reduce these emissions and the carbon balance of livestock production systems, which also considerate carbon sequestration besides the emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigating emissions of CH4 and N2O are possible in livestock but the carbon sequestration that occurs during the recovery of pasture is the greatest potential for mitigating greenhouse. Nevertheless, great emphasis can be found in literature related to the aspects involving the issue of enteric methane by ruminants and its methods of mitigation. Importantly, the adoption of technologies that promote mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions is most dependent of economic issues than technical feasibility of the mitigation actions proposed. Keywords: livestock, desertification, degradation, methane, nitrous oxide.
Solos e os serviços ecossistêmicos (Soils and the Ecosystem Services)
Authors: Vezzani Fabiane Machado
Published: April 2020

Nesse texto, apresentamos uma visão sobre serviços ecossistêmicos. Para isso, definimos ecossistema e o papel do solo no seu funcionamento. Serviços ecossistêmicos são os benefícios que as pessoas obtêm dos ecossistemas. A história dos serviços ecossistêmicos aponta que o tema não é novo. Porém, após a Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio, o termo serviços ecossistêmicos se consolidou e é tratado em várias áreas de conhecimento. Hoje, a busca do meio técnico-científico é para um procedimento adequado para avaliar e efetuar pagamento aos responsáveis por manter os serviços ecossistêmicos. Há cada vez mais evidências de que os serviços ecossistêmicos são atingidos em função da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas. Biodiversidade é a variabilidade de organismos vivos em todos os níveis biológicos, compreendendo a diversidade dentro de espécies, entre espécies e de ecossistemas. O papel do solo neste contexto consiste de que a biodiversidade de um ecossistema acontece a partir do solo. É por meio do solo que ocorre o desenvolvimento da estrutura vegetal e, assim, o fornecimento de energia e matéria para os demais seres vivos das teias alimentares terrestres. Um ecossistema biodiverso só é possível pelo manejo ecológico aplicado ao solo. A abordagem desse texto passa pela compreensão da biodiversidade como propulsora dos serviços ecossistêmicos, os princípios da sustentabilidade do planeta, as concepções de ecologia profunda e ecologia reconciliatória, e a conexão do homem na rede planetária.  In this text, we present an overview of ecosystem services. We define ecosystem and the role of soil in its functioning. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. The story of ecosystem services indicates that the subject is not new. However, after the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the term ecosystem services consolidated and it is treated in various areas of knowledge. Today, the demand of the technical and scientific people is for an adequate procedure to assess and make payments to those responsible for maintaining ecosystem services. There is increasing evidence that ecosystem services are affected due to the biodiversity of ecosystems. Biodiversity is the variability of living organisms in all biological levels, including diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. The role of the soil in this context is that the biodiversity of an ecosystem takes place from the soil. It is through the soil occurs the development of the plant structure and thus provides energy and material for the remaining life of the terrestrial food webs. A biodiversity ecosystem is possible by the ecological management applied to the soil. The approach of this text involves the understanding of biodiversity as a driver of ecosystem services, the principles of sustainability of the planet, the ideas of deep ecology and reconciliatory ecology, and the human connection in the global network. Keywords: biodiversity, deep ecology, sustainability.
Rendimento de grãos e eficiência do uso de água no cultivo de milho geneticamente modificado no município de Teresina - PI, Brasil, em condições climáticas contrastantes (Grain yield and water use efficiency of genetically modified corn in Piauí, Brazil)
Authors: Cardoso Milton José , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Bastos Edson Alves , Pacheco Cleso Antonio Patto , Rocha Leonardo Melo Pereira da
Published: April 2020

A adaptação climática de qualquer espécie vegetal tem estreita relação com seu padrão fenológico, influenciando na sua distribuição geográfica e sua flutuação nos ecossistemas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 33 híbridos (26 híbridos simples, 6 híbridos triplos e um híbrido duplo) geneticamente modificados de milho em situações climáticas contrastantes - épocas de semeadura (ES), sob irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Os experimentos foram semeados em área da Embrapa Meio-Norte, município de Teresina, PI, em julho e setembro/2013. A temperatura máxima média no período do pendoamento ao espigamento na primeira época foi de 36,7 oC e na segunda época de 38,8 oC, contribuindo para uma redução na eficiência de uso da água (EUA) e dos componentes de rendimentos, números de espigas por área e do peso de espiga na ES de setembro. O rendimento de grãos e a EUA da ES de junho (9.876 kg ha-1; 17,3 kg ha-1 mm-1) foi superior em 25,1 % e 42,27 %, respectivamente, em relação a ES de setembro (7.900 kg ha-1; 11,97 kg ha-1 mm-1). Os híbridos AG 8041 PRO, 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH apresentam tolerância a altas temperaturas e usam melhor a água para a produção de grãos.

The climate adaptation of any plant species is closely related to its phenology, influencing on its geographical distribution and its fluctuation in ecosystems. The objective this work was to evaluate the performance of 33 hybrids (26 single hybrids, six triples hybrids and one double hybrid) genetically modified corn in contrasting climatic conditions (two sowing dates) under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiments were sown in the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, Piauí State, in July and September / 2013. The average maximum temperature from bolting to heading during the first season was 36.7 °C and in second one was 38.8 oC, reducing the water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components, ear number per area and ear weight in september sowing. The grain yield and WUE of sowing June (9,876 kg ha-1, 17.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) was higher 25.1% and 42.27%, respectively, compared to sowing September (7,900 kg ha-1, 11.97 kg ha-1 mm-1). AG 8041 PRO, P 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH hybrids present tolerant to high temperatures and more efficient water use.

Keywords: Heat tolerant, sowing date, Zea mays (L.).