bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most Anti-Corruption Programs Have Lacked Key Components
Authors: Rasmusson Thomas , Dukuly Boakai
Published: March 2020

The five field studies reported here and published research examined successful and unsuccessful anti-corruption programs, and the processes of corruption in Africa and Central America.  They found most Third World governments' anti-corruption programs have lacked the appropriate mix of strategies and exercises needed to build new behaviors to overcome the core problem of a culture of corruption, or the hysteresis effect.  The five studies led to development and testing of a model anti-corruption program.  Test of the model program showed it could be assimilated by participants who lacked advanced education, and they could achieve an initial operational competence in a relatively brief period of training.  The authors’ five field studies found eight (8) components were necessary for successful anti-corruption programs, and these findings were bolstered by the published research of others that was empirically based.  The eight components are: (1) the actual and visible support of the head of government or C.E.O., (2) behavior modification training for civil servants to build informal social controls and internalize negative reactions to corruption, (3) a public component to build public support and social conscientiousness, (4) a degree of career security for civil servants, (5) laws and formal structures, such as criminal statutes, ethics code, transparency, audit, legislative incentives such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, other official and independent oversight, (6) exercises and follow up to operationalize new behaviors and feedback, (7) reduction and streamlining of government licensing and regulation of the economy, and (8) training to build new sensitivities to mission, professionalism, fiduciary duty, and peer group responsibility.  The model program developed and tested included skill building, group exercises, role-playing, cohort projects, and practice scripts.
Organizational Learning as a Strategic Choice in Public Sector Organization: Changing Cultural Attributes in a State Owned Agricultural Bank of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Md. Ali
Published: March 2020

Network governance has become an important paradigm in recent reform effort; inter-sectoral collaboration is the key theme of such initiative. As part of the developing world, Government of Bangladesh is taking initiatives to prepare its civil service competent to meet the challenges of a welfare state for a sustainable society. Taking this in an account, this study focuses on the recent reform program in public sector organization initiated by the government. The core objective of this study is to understand the phenomenon of organizational culture that has an influence on organizational learning and innovation from the viewpoint of experienced civil servants who have gone through the change process and become an active implementer of learning and innovation in their organization to meet the desire change situation.
Efectos del desarrollo sostenible percibido por el consumidor. Una propuesta de modelo de hipermercados en Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez-González Irene , Gil-Saura Irene , Ruiz-Molina María Eugenia
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la incidencia del desarrollo sostenible sobre la cadena de efectos: valor percibido - capital de marca - lealtad. Para ello, se propone un modelo teórico de relaciones que se contrasta a partir de una muestra de 317 clientes de hipermercados en Ecuador. Los resultados, aplicando una metodología exploratoria y confirmatoria, combinada con regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales, mostraron que tanto las acciones de desarrollo sostenible como el valor percibido son pilares maestros sobre los que se puede apoyar la estrategia minorista. Ambas se muestran como variables clave por su naturaleza, en cuanto son multidimensionales, y por su alcance, al permitir construir la lealtad del consumidor hacia el hipermercado a través de su capital de marca.
Incidencia de la innovación en marketing en el rendimiento empresarial: una aplicación basada en modelamiento con ecuaciones estructurales
Authors: Cuevas-Vargas Héctor , Parga-Montoya Neftalí , Estrada Salvador
Published: March 2020

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) han desarrollado una capacidad de marketing que difiere de la convencional. La mayor parte de la literatura ha descuidado a la innovación en marketing, por considerarse una casualidad o por estar implícita en otro tipo de actividades, y solo recientemente se ha asociado a la competitividad. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo verificar la relación de la innovación en marketing con el desempeño integral de las pymes y sus posibles implicaciones. Mediante la modelización de ecuaciones estructurales, se estimaron los efectos de esta innovación sobre el rendimiento empresarial. Los hallazgos revelaron su influencia significativa para orientar el desempeño, al implementar nuevos conceptos y medios de promoción, nuevos métodos de comercialización y modificación de sus envases, lo que impactó en mayor medida la parte comercial, además del ámbito administrativo, financiero y de recursos humanos.
Management control in born-global firms: a case study
Authors: Marques Roque Ana Filipa , G. Alves Maria-Céu , Raposo Mário
Published: March 2020

This study aims to understand how and to what extent internationalisation processes (IP) affect Management Accounting and Control Systems (MACS), and how the latter contribute to the successful implementation of IP. A conceptual framework is developed from MACS research to highlight how the use and characteristics of accounting information influence the development of IP. Critical incident technique is used as a qualitative approach to understand the IP-MACS relationship. The findings suggest that the existence of MACS adjusted to the firm’s information needs can facilitate IP, providing crucial information, and leading to changes in some accounting tools. This study demonstrates an active (use) and passive (design) role for MACS and provides a first attempt to explore the IP-MACS relationship and its contribution to a successful IP.
Assessment of nutritional status and its effect on academic performance in school children of Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Maseer , Shanawaz Mohd , Altoaibi Amani Awwadh , Gaba Abdul Aziz Behees , Saqeeh Osama Ismail , Mashali Abdur Rahman Ali
Published: March 2020

Background: Adolescence is the tender and vital period in the life of a person. It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. Nutrition is the prime requirement of the adolescents for their physical and mental growth. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of the primary school going children in Jazan, KSA and to analyze the association of nutrition status with academic performance of school going children in Jazan, KSA.   Methods: This study involved 4 schools chosen randomly from the government schools of Jazan. 7th and 8th class children were considered for the study. Required ethical approval bearing reference number 28943 dated 20/6/1440 was taken from the Institutional ethical committee. Study sample: 200 collection of the data: data collected from the schools of Jazan selected randomly in the school working hours.Results: 60% of the sample is in the age group 17-18 years. 30% of the sample were having more than 5 siblings. 16% of the parents were illiterates.  The proportion of students taking milk products more than 3 times in the week (79.1%) were found to be performing well in the schools than the students consuming less than 3 days week. Strong association was found between performance of the students and parent’s education as the educated parents’ children were performing well.Conclusions: Good nutrition for the growing kids was found to be associated with academic performance of the students.
Pervasiveness of ambulance etiquette and knowledge in general population: a perspective from Pakistan
Authors: Zehra Fatima Tuz , Nisar Diya , Zehra Abeeha , Javed Mahnoor , Usman Mahnoor , Mahmood Syed Uzair
Published: March 2020

Background: Ambulance ethics refers to the principles of moral conduct that make the journey of an ambulance safe, convenient whereby ensuring provision of effective pre-hospital care to the patient. It concerns three sets of population: the paramedical staff, the patient and family and also the general population.Methods: Cross-sectional comparative study, conducted from February to May 2018. A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was filled by 412 participants who were older than 15 years of age and their responses were collected via a 5-point likert scale. Chi-square analysis was done to compare the responses of medical and non-medical participants.Results: Vast majority of individuals agreed that they should give way to ambulances by switching their lanes or by breaking the signal. Half of the individuals were of the idea that ambulances should maintain their speed limit while some favored disregarding the speed limit if it meant saving someone’s life, while others remained neutral. A large percentage of participants agreed that a vehicle must meet certain standards in order for it to act as an ambulance. A number of participants agreed that an ambulance should have basic life support (BLS), the ambulance staff should be skilled enough to give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) en route to the hospital.Conclusions: The general population supports the idea that ambulances should have a hassle-free route to transport the patient to the hospital and to hasten the treatment even if that means breaking signals, switching lanes and exceeding speed limit.
Personal hygiene and sanitation in a rural community in Kedah
Authors: Anpalagam Thulasi , Ai Ying Yeap , Ravikumar Divya , Rai Saraswathi Bina
Published: March 2020

Background: The concept of hygiene varies amongst individuals and amongst cultures. Personal hygiene and sanitation are interrelated and both can contribute to mode of transmission of disease. As part of a larger community survey, we studied the basic personal hygiene habits and sanitation status of a rural community to find out if practices in this rural community are acceptable.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We defined appropriate sanitation as proper disposal of garbage and having a sanitary toilet. We used a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and carried out face-to-face interview of representatives from randomly selected household in the village PB in January, 2018. The questionnaire had 16 domains. We focused our findings on 2 domain covering personal hygiene and sanitation. All results were transcribed into excel and analysed using SPSS 22.0.Results: We collected response from 122 households in a predominantly Malay community. Median household income ranged from RM1000 to RM2000. Main occupation is agriculture and 54.1% live in brick houses, 47% houses being a combination of brick and wood. Most (94.3%) clean their homes daily. Main method of rubbish disposal is by burning. Most have proper latrines with at least a pour flush latrine and at least one washroom.   Most (65.5%) clean toilets daily. All wash their hands before meals (91.8% using soap). Most (91.8%) shower at least twice daily and brush their teeth at least twice daily.Conclusions: This rural community practices appropriate personal hygiene in line with the cultural norms and they have good sanitation.
Need of global student safety and insurance day observance: a suggestion
Authors: Reddy Muthyala Sudhakara , Vankayalapati Venkateswarlu
Published: March 2020

Child injuries are a growing global public health problem that requires urgent attention. They are a significant area of concern from the age of   one year, and progressively contribute more to overall rates of death until the children reach adulthood. So, the authors suggested ‘student safety and insurance (SSI) day observance’ globally in order to create awareness against prevention of unintentional injuries (UII) and provision of SSI. The review focussed on estimation of the burden and causes of UIIs among students, determination of association of UIIs with socioeconomic factors, identification of the student safety day/week and SSI policies. A descriptive analysis of the articles published in various journals on UIIs among the students across the globe was undertaken. A systematic, predetermined strategy was undertaken for data collection, collation, compilation and assimilation. The authors found that the road traffic injuries alone are leading cause of death among 15-19 and the second leading cause among 10-14 years old (WHO-2008). In addition, millions of children require hospital care for non-fatal injuries.  Many are left with some form of disability, often with lifelong consequences. Dr. Gururaj estimated that nearly 100,000 children died every year in India among 2,000,000 hospitalized. Certain universities/nations are observing student safety week. The authors concluded that children are particularly vulnerable group, either directly through being injured themselves or indirectly through the loss of parents. So, a convergent and cost benefit new initiative ‘global student safety and insurance day observance’ suggested every year in order to prevent all UIIs and to provide insurance.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of viral hepatitis E in a training centre
Authors: Pardal Maninder Pal Singh , . Rajiva , Rath T. K. , Mustafa M. S.
Published: March 2020

Background: HEV infection is responsible for half of all outbreaks of acute liver disease in endemic areas. The  present  study  deals  with  eighty eight cases of  faeces  orally  transmitted  Hepatitis E virus (HEV)  in  a  regimental  training  center  in  South India in October 2016 to November 2016.Methods: Methodology and case definitions which were used for confirmed case and presumptive case of viral hepatitis were same as those which were used by Singh et al in their study.  Surveillance data for all the cases was reviewed. The outbreak was described in terms of person, place and time. A sanitary survey carried out to detect the likely sources of contamination of water and to study the methods of sewage disposal with regards to septic tanks/soak pits.Results: Out of eighty-eight cases, two persons were HBsAg +ve, five were positive for both Hepatitis A and E, sixty-eight were positive for hepatitis E, five were positive for Hepatitis A, 8 persons were found negative for all the above hepatitis viruses. Overflow of sewage with foul smell and leaking water pipeline in 2 places were observed in the unit area. The overall attack rate was 27.69%.Conclusions: The present outbreak was due to faecal contamination of drinking water supplied to the regimental centre, which occurred due to old and corroded leaking pipelines in close proximity to old sewage lines having leakage through their walls. Medical authorities should maintain surveillance for all water and food borne diseases.
Knowledge, attitude and practice study on swine flu (H1N1) among adolescent school children in Kolhapur district in Maharashtra
Authors: Yadav Jeevankumar U. , Shete Jagannath S.
Published: March 2020

Background: Swine flu (H1N1) is very infectious respiratory disease occurring in different parts of world showing pandemicity from time to time. Thorough knowledge about its epidemiology and clinical symptoms, attitude towards disease and practices to prevent its occurrence and spread are essential in all age groups especially in school children. To assess the awareness, practices, their attitude and myths regarding swine flu among adolescent school going children in Kolhapur district Maharashtra.Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was designed emphasized on the demographic profile, knowledge and misconceptions about cause, transmission, prevention and cure of swine flu (H1N1) and social responsibility of every student about spreading awareness. The questionnaires were distributed to school students of 9th& 10th standard only. Maximum 15 minutes were allotted to participants. A power point presentation regarding swine flu was delivered to participants and staff members.Results: Total 210 study participants were included. 80.47% students knew cause of swine flu is viral and 69.04% knew it spreads through airborne route. 73.33% students correctly knew about symptoms of swine flu. 71.90% mentioned all the correct preventive methods as wearing face mask of appropriate size, vaccination against swine flu and maintaining hand hygiene. In reality only 32.38% students exclusively practicing hand hygiene.Conclusions: Although the term was well known, better recognition of pandemic influenza cases is needed. Children were not aware about certain important treatment and prevention aspects of the disease.
Level of myths and misconceptions about diabetes mellitus and its treatment among urban diabetics of Haryana: a cross sectional study
Authors: . Shiba , Rajput Meena , Rajput Rajesh , Goutam Ankit Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Myths and misconceptions about diabetes and its treatment are a major obstacle in control and prevention of diabetes which is a disease of national concern.Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2016 to June 2017 among known diabetics more than 18 years of age. A total of 400 diabetics were chosen using Simple Random Sampling from five urban health posts attached to PGIMS, Rohtak. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire was filled by interviewing known diabetics in their vernacular language individually.Results: Among 400 urban participants, 204 (51%) were male and 196 (49%) were female. Mean age of study participants was 58.05±11.63 years. Majority of urban participants 328 (82%) fall in category of moderate level myths and misconceptions.Conclusions: Majority diabetics despite having long standing disease and regular outpatient diabetic care have moderate level myths and misconceptions about disease. Myths and misconceptions were more common in illiterate and participants with diabetes of less than 5 years duration.
Knowledge and attitude regarding tuberculosis in a rural area of eastern Maharashtra: an implication for advocacy and communication strategy planning in the national program
Authors: Shidam Umakant G. , Talapalliwar Manoj R. , Thakre Subhash B.
Published: March 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in India. Adequate and timely knowledge about tuberculosis is associated with positive attitude towards tuberculosis, which can improve both health seeking behavior and adherence to treatment. The study was planned with the objective of determining the Knowledge and Attitude regarding tuberculosis among rural population of eastern Maharashtra, India.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried in rural area of eastern Maharashtra using a semi structured, pretested interview schedule. A total 225 adult population aged 18 years and above, who are residing in the field practice area were selected from sampled households using systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by house-to-house survey.Results: Out of 225 respondents, 220 (97.8%) had heard about TB. Cough as a major symptom of TB was known to 80.5% of study subjects. Among the subjects surveyed, 84.5% of respondents were aware of the mode of transmission of TB from one person to another. More than half of respondents were aware of sputum examination as a diagnostic investigation. Three fourth of the subjects reported that TB could be treated by modern medicine. However only 22.2% of them were known to BCG immunization as means of prevention for tuberculosis. Tendency to discriminate TB patients was evident as 53% respondents opined to isolate TB patients from the family and 37.7% opined to avoid sharing food with these patients.Conclusions: Although the study revealed adequate knowledge about nearly every aspect of tuberculosis; there are few myths about causes, symptoms, transmission, and TB prevention. There is a great need to improve awareness in illiterate individuals and females.
Burden among family caregivers of breast cancer patients in north coastal Andhra Pradesh: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kajana Venkata Phani Madhavi , Katta Amaleswari , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi
Published: March 2020

Background: A large number of patients with chronic diseases like cancer are cared for in homes by the family members. The vital role that these family members play as “caregivers” is well recognized. However, the burden on them is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to assess the caregiving burden among family caregivers of breast cancer patients and to explore the factors associated with high levels of caregiving burden among family members of breast cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based study was conducted in a tertiary health care setting in Visakhapatnam A total of 45 primary caregivers who were accompanying the breast cancer patients to the Government Hospital were interviewed using Zarit burden interview. The socio demographic variables of the care givers like age, gender, occupation, income, relation with the patient were also obtained. Informed consent was obtained from the caregiver. Data analysis: Data was entered in the MS Excel spread sheet and it was analysed using SPSS software version 21.0.Results: The study population consisted of 26 (57.7%) males and 19 (42.3%) female caregivers. Very few 4 (9%) caregivers reported with no or mild burden during care giving. Majority 18 (40%) of the caregivers reported with mild to moderate burden, whereas 18 (40%) of the caregivers reported with moderate to severe burden. Few 5 (11%) reported with severe burden. Financial factors and uncertainty regarding the illness of the patient are associated with more burden.Conclusions: There is high burden among caregivers of cancer patients which should be addressed.
Nutritional status and morbidity profile of school going adolescent boys in an urban area
Authors: Rajderkar Shekhar S. , Dudhabhate Birappa T.
Published: March 2020

Background: The aims and objectives of the study were to study the morbidity profile and nutritional status of study population and to study the risk factors associated with morbidity in study population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on boys studying in the municipal corporation school in Tasgaon, Sangli, Maharashtra. Total 450 adolescent boys (age between the 17 to 19 years) from class X, XI & XII and who were not seriously ill were included in the study.Results: Most common morbidity was pallor seen in 40% students followed by ENT related problems seen in 38% students, skin problems seen in 30% of the patients. 52% students were found to underweight. 88.44% students were having one or other type of symptoms and only 11.56% students were asymptomatic. Proportion of underweight students was same in both religions, both urban and rural students, in all types of families and in all economic classes. Proportion of symptomatic students was quite more in Hindu religion, more in students from urban areas and in students belonging to class I & II socio economic status.Conclusions: As more than half of the students were underweight, it was related to nutritional deficiencies because of lack of awareness regarding proper nutrition.
Assessment of services rendered at village health and nutrition day in rural area of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir: cross-sectional study
Authors: Sangra Sonika , Choudhary Neha
Published: March 2020

Background: Village health and nutrition days (VHNDs) are based on the principal of integration of services like nutrition, sanitation, health provision using a holistic approach. Days are organized once per week in each Anganwadi centre. These services are provided free of cost to rural people. The objective of the study was to assess services rendered at VHND in rural area of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.Methods: The present study was descriptive cross-sectional in type, conducted in zone Budhi which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Kathua. The zone Budhi consists of one primary health centre along with its six subcentres. One auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) covered one VHND once a week. For a month, one ANM covered four VHNDs. So, out of 10 ANMs in Zone Budhi, 7 attended VHNDs with a maximum of 28 village health and nutrition days covered in a month.Results: All the ANMs made a micro-plan ahead of their visits and prepared a list of beneficiaries. Medical officers were available in 18 out of 28 sessions. ANM, anganwadi workers were available in majority of the sessions. Blood pressure apparatus and stethoscope were available in 60.71% and 67.85% sessions. In majority of sessions, the available items were weighing scales, vaccines with syringes, tablet Iron and folic acid. Services provided at the VHNDs were patients attended, pregnant women registered etc.Conclusions: Study revealed that performance of most of the sessions of VHNDs were satisfactory. So, efforts need to be initiated to fill all these gaps. And priority should be given to provide basic primary health care services to the beneficiaries.
Medical ethics and practices from Islamic perspective
Authors: Gul Khanda , Gul Palwasha , Gul Pari , Azeem Seema
Published: March 2020

Ethical physicians seem to have become an uncommon entity in modern day medical practice. Many patients and physicians feel that the profession of medicine is not living up to its own standards and expectations. One of the reasons is the lack of knowledge of the medial professionals about their religion and medical ethics. The ethics is not being right or wrong, instead it is the process of making better decisions or worse decisions compared to the worst decision. The introduction of newer technology in medical field such as organ transplantation, biotechnical parenting, blood transfusion, surrogacy, gender identification on fetal ultrasound, female genital mutilation has posed Muslim physicians and patients with some new questions of ethics. We look upon issues from the perspective of Muslim doctors and it is therefore important to discuss few of the practices according Quran, Sunnah. If the answers are not given in Quran and sunnah then one may turn to Ijma.
Evaluation of functional outcome of bucket handle medial meniscus repair along with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Jain Akshay , Jain Adhir , Singh Manjeet , Pathak Prateek
Published: March 2020

Background: Bucket-handle meniscus tears (BHMT) are often displaced and unstable and comprise nearly 10% of all meniscus tears and commonly affect the young male population. Displacement of the free segment can lead to significant pain and disability, necessitating reduction and surgical treatment. The aim of present prospective longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of bucket handle medial meniscus repair along with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at 2 years follow up.

Methods: Between January 2017 to December 2018, 30 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction along with bucket handle medial meniscus repair were included in the study. Meniscus repair was done using the all inside, outside in, inside out or hybrid techniques. All patients were evaluated clinically at pre op and at 2 year follow up using knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score and compared. Meniscal healing was assessed clinically using Barrett’s criteria.

Results: The study comprised 30 patients with a mean age of 27.47 years (range from 13 to 49 years) with 66.67% males. According to clinical examination and Barrett criteria’s the clinical failure rate was 6.67% (2 out of 30 patients) who underwent partial menisectomy later. We also compared functional outcomes of sedentary and active peoplesand also between meniscal repair of less than 3 cm and more than 3 cm’s. There was no statistically significant difference in the functional outcomes in both the groups; however range of motion was significantly higher in tear length 3 cm or less compared to more than 3 cm.

Conclusions: Meniscal repair should be aggressively considered in young pa­tients to enhance functional recovery and durability of the knee joint, if the meniscus is reparable.
Reincidentes en el cuidado, pero sin derecho a la prevención: un análisis de la oferta de la profilaxis posexposición sexual al VIH en Porto Alegre, Brasil
Authors: Kauss Bruno , Fachel Leal Andréa , Grangeiro Alexandre , Couto Marcia Thereza
Published: March 2020

Buscamos identificar los desafíos para la implementación de la profilaxis posexposición sexual al VIH, a partir de analizar el accionar de las y los profesionales de la salud en un servicio de salud pública en Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, con técnicas de observación etnográfica y entrevistas en profundidad, se encontró que los factores contextuales, organizacionales e individuales eran desafíos para implementar la profilaxis posexposición sexual al VIH. Las barreras para su implementación incluyeron el contexto histórico de la estructuración y la actuación del servicio, la falta de capacitación y/o educación continua en salud, y las concepciones de las y los profesionales de la salud (ideas sobre la estrategia en sí, y sobre las personas que buscan PEP). Se concluye que existe la necesidad de mayor atención al universo de servicios especializados en ITS/VIH/sida y a las y los profesionales que componen estos servicios, a fin de garantizar una mayor efectividad en el acceso a la estrategia a nivel local.
Analysis & Implementation of Personalisation Parameters in the Development of Computer-Based Adaptive Learning Environment
Authors: Al-Chalabi Humam K. Majeed , Ali. Hussein Aqeel M.
Published: March 2020

The paper was aimed to identify the ways and to develop the model for the implementation personalised parameter for adaptive learning in the current E-learning environment. The study is qualitative in nature and relied on previous literature. The results highlighted that the personalised parameters which should be considered before the beginning of the course learning process include the level of learner’s knowledge, goals of the leaners, preferences of the language, style of learning, information seeking task, bandwidth, location, and previous level of knowledge. The study also pointed out learning needs, motivation levels, working memory capacity, intelligence, cognitive style, satisfaction, delight, and self-efficacy, the need for help, selfregulated learning, and ongoing interactions, waiting for feedback, ongoing progress, and navigation preference as the parameters for considering in ongoing sessions. The study formulated an implementation design comprising a combination of CBR and RBR strategies. The design is further categorised into standalone and coupling strategies, while the coupling strategy further includes a combination of embedded, co-processing and sequential processing strategies.
Entelektüel Elden Bağımlı Ele: Deneyimin Müsaderesi
Authors: GÜVEN O. Özgür
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, kullanıcı emeği elin toplumsal evriminin bir kesiti üzerinden tartışılıyor. Yaratıcı yaşamsal etkinliğin sembolü olagelen el, insanın biyolojik ve kültürel evriminde kritik bir öneme sahip. Düşünme, “kavramak” fiilinin ikili anlamından da anlaşılacağı üzere, bir kimsenin tuttuğu şeyin doğası etrafında ortaya çıkar. Bu açıdan seri üretim kitap, elin dünyayla benzersiz ilişkisinde bir dönüşüm evresini temsil eder. Birörnek kitap, dünyayı elde tutulan bir deneyim olarak yeniden kuran ilk teknolojidir. Bu deneyimin, günümüzün dijital dünyasındaki aracısı ise kuşkusuz akıllı mobil telefondur. Mobil telefonun baskın kullanımı, etkinliğini performatif bir işleve indirgediği elin içsel paradokslarını derinleştiren sonuçlara yol açıyor. İletişim ve kültür teknolojilerinin ortaya çıkardığı günümüz endüstri sonrası toplumunda çalışma, üretken her öznenin bir etkinlik biçimi olarak yeniden tanımlanıyor. Bu noktada mobil telefon, eli manipüle eden kompakt bir deneyimle kullanıcı emeğini üretim süreçlerine katıyor. Dolayısıyla mobil telefon, yeni teknolojilerin ve yeni işçi türlerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla karakterize edilen dijitalleşme çağında emek ve sömürü kavramlarının geleneksel tanımlarını tartışmada anlamlı bir uğrağı temsil ediyor. Meta piyasası, deneyimi pazarın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda davranışsal veriye indirgerken, kullanıcıyı enformel bir çalışana dönüştürüyor. Her gün milyarlarca el, hiçbir emek sözleşmesine dahil olmaksızın bilgi ekonomilerine veri sağlıyor. Hiç olmadığı kadar meşgul olan el, kavramaya çalıştıkça sürgünü olduğu bir dünya deneyiminin içine düşüyor.
Entendiendo el Desempeño Variable en el Marco de Trabajo MIL Profundo para la Detección Acústica de Aves Tropicales
Authors: Castro Jorge , Vargas-Masís Roberto , Alfaro-Rojas Danny
Published: March 2020

Se han propuesto muchos algoritmos de detección de audio para monitorear aves usando sus vocalizaciones. Entre estos algoritmos, las técnicas basadas en el aprendizaje profundo han tomado la delantera en términos de rendimiento a gran escala. Sin embargo, usualmente se requiere de mucho trabajo manual para etiquetar correctamente las vocalizaciones de aves en grandes conjuntos de datos. Una forma de abordar esta limitación es usar el marco de trabajo de aprendizaje de instancias múltiples (MIL), que modela cada grabación como una bolsa de instancias, es decir, una colección de segmentos de audio que se asocia con una etiqueta positiva si un pájaro está presente en la grabación. En este trabajo, modificamos una red profunda MIL propuesta previamente, para predecir la presencia o ausencia de aves en grabaciones de campo de un minuto. Exploramos el comportamiento y el rendimiento de la red cuando utilizamos un número diferente de coeficientes cepstrales de frecuencia de mel (MFCC) para representar las grabaciones. La mejor configuración encontrada logró un valor F de 0.77 sobre el conjunto de datos de validación.
Análisis Filogenético de Secuencias ITS Provenientes de Hongos Endófitos Utilizando Inferencia Bayesiana Paralela de Árboles con Exabayes
Authors: Montero-Vargas Maripaz , Umaña-Jiménez Jean Carlo , Escudero-Leiva Efraín , Chaverri-Echandi Priscila
Published: March 2020

Los estudios ecológicos de las comunidades fúngicas se han visto favorecidos gracias a la aparición y mejora de técnicas independientes de cultivo que utilizan la región ITS como marcador molecular. Esto ha permitido una identificación más precisa en comparación con los métodos tradicionales dependientes de la cultura.

Las técnicas de secuenciación de próxima generación han aumentado la cantidad de datos disponibles para la comprensión de las comunidades de hongos endofíticos. Una parte importante de este proceso es la inferencia filogenética para descifrar cómo se relacionan e interactúan los diferentes taxones, sin embargo, este puede convertirse en uno de los análisis bioinformáticos que exige más tiempo.

En respuesta a esto, la bioinformática junto con la informática de alto rendimiento ofrecen soluciones para acelerar y hacer más eficientes las herramientas disponibles para el procesamiento de datos a través de la implementación de supercomputadoras y la paralelización de herramientas.

En este estudio llevamos a cabo el procesamiento de secuencias ITS para luego utilizar la paralelización de Exabayes, software especializado en el análisis y creación de árboles filogenéticos.

Gracias al uso de esta técnica, fue posible reducir el tiempo de ejecución de Exabayes de más de 400 horas a 6 horas, lo que demuestra los beneficios del uso de plataformas informáticas de alto rendimiento.
Optimización de datos en sistemas de monitoreo hídrico de nitratos
Authors: Hernández-Alpizar Laura , Carrasquilla-Batista Arys , Sancho-Chavarría Lilliana
Published: March 2020

Actividades antropogénicas, tal como la fertilización intensiva, generan un aumento en la concentración de nitratos de los sistemas hídricos que puede provocar contaminación en aguas de consumo humano y eutrofización en aguas superficiales. El análisis de muestras discretas revela diferencias espaciales en la concentración, pero un análisis continuo proporciona más información acerca del origen, la dinámica hidrológica, el transporte y procesamiento de los nitratos. Sin embargo, la frecuencia, el periodo y la calidad de los datos deben ser optimizados de acuerdo con el objetivo de investigación, ya que, un monitoreo continuo implica un alto consumo instrumental y una gran generación de datos que puede no aportar información relevante para el objetivo. La espectroscopía UV con análisis en flujo continuo es una técnica que de forma directa cuantifica la concentración de nitratos y se adapta bien a un monitoreo de alta resolución. En este trabajo se plantea el diseño de un sistema que utiliza este tipo de análisis acoplado a un sensor de conductividad, el cual se utiliza como disparador de frecuencia de muestreo.  Además, se implementa el uso de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) tanto para realizar procesos de configuración en la toma de datos como para el accionamiento electromecánico remoto lo que permite un ajuste manual o automático en la obtención de datos y consecuentemente, de la información temporal y espacial requerida para el estudio de nitratos en el recurso hídrico.
The Pursuit Of Excellence: 3rd-Party Rankings And Positioning Of Online Programs Through Quality And Value
Authors: Kilburn Ashley , Kilburn Brandon , Hammond Kevin , Williams Denise
Published: March 2020

Third-party ranking agencies (e.g., US News and World Report, Center for Online Education, CollegeChoice.net) produce rankings that are a popular publicly accessible search option for potential students as they sort online degree options. While higher education administration is keen to the possibility that most or all ranking systems risk methodological flaws, potential students are still on board with rankings and seem significantly steered by their results (Barkhorn, 2014). Monitoring rankings has become a positioning consideration for academic institutions. The disparity amongst ranking factors across time and across assessor, along with the mismatch between ranking methods used and suggested methodologies from research on higher education begs the question: which attributes are colleges and universities supposed to leverage? This study reports a fully mediated SEM using data from online student feedback across multiple quality touch points: faculty, LMS and course on student loyalty as mediated by perceived value.
Analysis Of Family Business Group Succession: Comparative Case Study On Six Korean Chaebols
Authors: Shin Choong Ho , Cho Hyejin , Cho Myeong Hyeon
Published: March 2020

A chaebol is a Korean business group with a unique organizational structure in which both ownership and control rights held by a family. As their production accounts for nearly fifty percent of Korea’s GDP and their power in the labor market, it is important to analyze the succession of chaebols, which is closely related to the sustainability of the business. This paper analyzes the six Korean chaebols’ successions to increase our understanding of the processes and outcomes of the family succession. Specifically, we employ the three-circle model, i.e., the ownership, family, and business system, to conduct a comparative case study. Our analysis suggests that succession that involves a large size of succession concentrated to only one successor and restructuring of business portfolio experiences higher post- performance. Also, the level of conflicts in the succession process was not found to have an effect on performance. Overall, our findings imply that the succession is a period available to the company to set a right course of actions for improving competitiveness.
Kognitivno-vedenjska terapija depresivne motnje pri otrocih in mladostnikih
Authors: Sanda Simona , Smeh Tinkara
Published: March 2020

Kognitivno-vedenjska terapija (KVT) se je uveljavila kot priznana terapevtska metoda za zdravljenje depresivne motnje pri otrocih in mladostnikih. Članek je pregled kognitivno-vedenjske terapije depresivne motnje pri tej populaciji. Predstavlja nekaj osnovnih teoretičnih izhodišč z opisom simptomov v različnih razvojnih obdobjih, opis kognitivno-vedenjskega modela, na katerem slonijo terapevtske usmeritve, opis terapevtskega načrta in ciljev, posameznih ključnih in učinkovitih terapevtskih tehnik, ki se uporabljajo v KVT pri otrocih in mladostnikih, s poudarkom na depresivni motnji. Vključena je problematika ocene samomorilnega vedenja pri otrocih in mladostnikih. Glede na to, da dandanes vemo več o depresivni motnji pri otrocih in mladostnikih kot v preteklosti in se zavedamo dejstva, da le-ta ni redka, je pomembno, da smo seznanjeni s teoretično in praktično kognitivno-vedenjsko paradigmo, na osnovi katere lahko gradimo svoje lastne strokovne izkušnje in terapevtske uspehe.
Chemical-Physical Properties Characterization of White Snapper Fish Skin Rambak Crackers Based on Boiling and Drying Duration
Authors: Hardoko Hardoko , Utami Sri
Published: March 2020

HighlightsThe utilisation process of snapper skin from fish fillet industry by products for cracklings was not optimalThe optimization of snapper skin crackling production by boiling and drying methodThe optimal method of snapper skin crackling production was 30 minutes of boiling and sun-drying for 30 hoursAbstractFish skin is a byproduct of fish filet production, its use is still limited, but some of the terrestrial animal skin is partially processed into rambak crackers, which is quite well known in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of boiling and drying time on the chemical-physical properties of rambak crackers from white snapper skin. The research method used was an experiment with a boiling time treatment of 0, 10, 15, and 20 minutes and drying time with 10, 20, and 30 hours in sunlight. The results showed that the boiling time and drying duration had an effect on the chemical-physical properties of the rambak crackers of white snapper fish skin. The resulting rambak crackers have physical characteristics of 15.13-25.39 N / m2, 70.44-100.07% enlarging capacity, and chemical characteristics of the water content was 1.09-4.95%, protein content of 65.26-70.43%, and fat content of 13.43-15.83%. The best crackers are those which resulted from 30 minutes of boiling and 30 hours of frying process with a fracture limit of 15.13 N/m2, an enlarging capacity of 100.07%, moisture content of 1.09%, protein content of 66.25%, and fat content of 13. 43%.
Flora Fauna Biodiversity and CSR Implementation in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village, North Sumatra Province.
Authors: Muhtadi Ahmad , Leidonald Rusdi , Triwibowo Kamto , Azmi Nurul
Published: March 2020

HighlightsMangrove sampling was conducted to use the "spot check" methodMangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village was categorized damaged Diversity of mangroves in the Bagan Serdang Village mangrove ecosystem was categorized moderate, but diversity of aquatic organisms was higher than the mangrove.Pertamina's CSR activities had an impact on environmental sustainability such as a habitat for various fauna and improving the community's economyAbstractInformation about mangrove and fauna biodiversity in Bagan Serdang Village is essential to be studied as a basis for assessing the management and utilization potential of mangrove. This information could be used as a reference in sustainable mangrove management. This study aims to determine the biodiversity of flora and fauna in the mangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village. The research location is divided into three areas, with three observation points. The study was conducted in August-September 2019. The sampling of mangroves was carried out using the Spot Check Method. The results showed that the types of mangroves found were 18 species from 12 families consisting of 14 species of true mangrove and four types of associated mangroves while the fauna found in the mangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village was 16 species of fish, nine species of crustaceans, 13 species of mollusks, four species of birds, one species of reptile, one species of mammal and one species of horse shoe crab. The results of the mangroves analysis in the Bagan Serdang Village’s mangrove ecosystem, including in moderate heading to damage condition. This could be seen from the death of several trees and the flourishing of A. ilicifolius species as a marker of mangrove, which tends to be damaged. The diversity of mangroves in the Bagan Serdang Village is lower (1.63) compared to aquatic organisms that reach 2.09 - 2.44. Corporate responsibility or CSR that PT Pertamina (Persero) TBBM Medan Group carried out in the village of Bagan Serdang with mangrove planting activities and ecotourism, as well as the development of processed mangrove products, could increase the value of diversity and increase the economy of the surrounding community.
Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Ionizing Irradiation on the Membrane Expression of Hsp70 on Glioma Cells
Authors: Fellinger Helena , Stangl Stefan , Hernandez Schnelzer Alicia , Schwab Melissa , Di Genio Tomasso , Pieper Marija , Werner Caroline , Shevstov Maxim , Haller Bernhard , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: March 2020

The major stress-inducible Hsp70 (HSPA1A) is overexpressed in the cytosol of many highly aggressive tumor cells including glioblastoma multiforme and presented on their plasma membrane. Depending on its intracellular or membrane localization, Hsp70 either promotes tumor growth or serves as a target for NK cells. The kinetics of the membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70) density on human glioma cells (U87) was studied after different irradiation doses to define the optimal therapeutic window for Hsp70-targeting NK cells. To maintain the cells in the exponential growth phase during a cultivation period of 7 days different initial cell counts were seeded. Although cytosolic Hsp70 levels remained unchanged on days 4 and 7 after a sublethal irradiation with 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, a dose of 2 Gy resulted in an upregulated mHsp70 density in U87 cells which peaks on day 4 and starts to decline on day 7. Higher radiation doses (4 Gy, 6 Gy) resulted in an earlier and more rapid onset of the mHsp70 expression on days 2 and 1, respectively, followed by a decline on day 5. Membrane Hsp70 levels are higher in G2/M than in G1, however, an irradiation-induced cell cycle arrest on days 4 and 7, was not associated with an increase in the mHsp70 density. Extracellular Hsp70 concentrations increased significantly compared to sham (0 Gy) irradiated cells on days 4 and 7 but not on day 1. Functionally, elevated mHsp70 densities were associated with a significantly better lysis by Hsp70-targeting NK cells. In summary, the kinetics of changes in the mHsp70 density upon irradiation on tumor cells is time- and dose-dependent.