bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Changes of Human Proximal Tubular Cell Line in High Glucose Environment
Authors: Wei Pascal Zhongping , Fung Winston Wing-Shing , Ng Jack Kit-Chung , Lai Ka-Bik , Luk Cathy Choi-Wan , Chow Kai Ming , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Szeto Cheuk Chun
Published: November 2019

Hyperglycemia causes mitochondrial damage renal tubular cells, which contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, the metabolic aberration of renal tubular cells in an hyperglycemic milieu has not been fully elucidated. In this study, human proximal renal tubular cell line (HK-2 cell) are incubated in glucose and mannitol at 5 mM or 25 mM. Cellular metabolome was determined by capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOF/MS) and capillary electrophoresis-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (CE-QqQMS). A total of 116 metabolites were quantified. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed excellent clustering of metabolomic changes for different treatment conditions, and exposure to glucose at 5 and 25 mM lead to distinct metabolomic profiles as compared to samples treated with serum-free medium or mannitol as osmotic control. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed a number of characteristic changes in metabolic profile following exposure to 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. Notably, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was significantly increased, while cellular levels of citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid (i.e. 2-oxoglutaric acid), and fumaric acid were significantly reduced after exposure to glucose at 25 mM but not 5 mM. Moreover, cellular levels of reduced glutathione and total glutathione were significantly decreased, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio was significantly increased after exposure to glucose 25 mM but not 5 mM. We conclude that in response to high glucose, HK-2 cells characteristic metabolomic changes, including increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, reduction in Krebs cycle metabolites, reduction in glutathione antioxidant activity, and increase in cellular methylation potential. Our results may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, but the expression of glucose metabolism-related protein and enzyme activity in HK-2 cells after hyperglycemia condition need to be confirmed by further studies.
Preparation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modified with imidazolium-based ionic liquids as a sorbent for the extraction of eight phthalate acid esters in water samples followed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis: an experimental design methodology
Authors: Bahrololoomi Fard Sayyed Massoud , Ahmadi Seyyed Hamid , Hajimahmodi Mannan , Fazaeli Reza , Amini Mohsen
Published: November 2019

In the present study, different ionic liquid modified magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared and tested as nano-metric adsorbents for the analysis of eight phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from water samples using dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (D-micro-SPE).
A novel cell membrane-cloaked magnetic nanogripper with enhanced stability for drug discovery
Authors: Bu Yusi , Hu Qi , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Ting , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Sicen
Published: November 2019

Cell membrane-cloaked nanotechnology has attracted increasing attention owing to its unique bionic properties, such as specific recognition and biocompatibility conferred by the integrated membrane structure and receptors.
Fe–N/C single-atom catalysts exhibiting multienzyme activity and ROS scavenging ability in cells
Authors: Lu Mingju , Wang Chao , Ding Yongqi , Peng Meihong , Zhang Wang , Li Kai , Wei Wei , Lin Yuqing
Published: November 2019

Fe–N/C single atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, catalase-like, and glutathione peroxidase-like activity.
Rational design and action mechanisms of chemically innovative organoselenium in cancer therapy
Authors: Chen Zhen , Lai Haoqiang , Hou Liyuan , Chen Tianfeng
Published: November 2019

This minireview focuses on the rational design and action mechanisms of chemically innovative organoselenium in cancer therapy, and also provides information for design of nanomaterials-based pharmaceuticals to improve drug development.
Magnetic frustration in the high-pressure Mn2MnTeO6 (Mn3TeO6-II) double perovskite
Authors: Arévalo-López Ángel M. , Solana-Madruga Elena , Aguilar-Maldonado Cintli , Ritter Clemens , Mentré Olivier , Attfield J. Paul
Published: November 2019

Magnetic frustration and bandgap engineering in the high pressure Mn2MnTeO6 perovskite.
Mask-less MOVPE of arrayed n-GaN nanowires on site- and polarity-controlled AlN/Si templates
Authors: Blumberg C. , Wefers F. , Tegude F.-J. , Weimann N. , Prost W.
Published: November 2019

Process diagram for achieving pure Ga-polar and site-controlled growth of n-GaN nanowires on conductive n-Si-AlN templates using MOVPE.
Chemical origin of differences in steel corrosion behaviors of s-electron and p-electron liquid metals by first-principles calculation
Authors: Han Jeong-Hwan , Oda Takuji
Published: November 2019

The 4s and 3d orbitals of 3d transition metal impurities interact weakly and strongly with s-band of liquid Na and the p-band of liquid LBE, respectively. The findings explain why steel is corroded differently between s- and p-electron LMs.
Subphthalocyanine encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as a solar light photoredox catalyst for dehalogenation of α-haloacetophenones
Authors: Santiago-Portillo Andrea , Remiro-Buenamañana Sonia , Navalón Sergio , García Hermenegildo
Published: November 2019

Subphthalocyanine has been incorporated into a robust metal–organic framework having amino groups as binding sites.
Silicon photosensitisation using molecular layers
Authors: Danos Lefteris , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Wood Ben , Banks Henry , Coogan Michael P. , Alderman Nicholas , Fang Liping , Dzurnak Branislav , Markvart Tom
Published: November 2019

Silicon photosensitisation via energy transfer from molecular dye layers is a promising area of research for excitonic silicon photovoltaics.
Comparisons of protective effects between two sea cucumber hydrolysates against diet induced hyperuricemia and renal inflammation in mice
Authors: Wan Haitao , Han Jiaojiao , Tang Shasha , Bao Wei , Lu Chenyang , Zhou Jun , Ming Tinghong , Li Ye , Su Xiurong
Published: November 2019

Differences in the anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammation effects between two sea cucumber hydrolysates in diet induced hyperuricemic mice.
Diethylaminophenyl-based Schiff base Cu(ii) and V(iv) complexes: experimental and theoretical studies and cytotoxicity assays
Authors: Rocha Mariana , Ruiz María C. , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Di Virgilio Ana L. , León Ignacio E. , Frontera Antonio , Gil Diego M.
Published: November 2019

A combined experimental and theoretical study and cytotoxicity assays of diethylaminophenyl-based Schiff base Cu(ii) and VO(iv) complexes are reported. The Cu(ii) complex shows interesting chelate ring⋯π interactions in the crystal structure.
Short period sinusoidal thermal modulation for quantitative identification of gas species
Authors: Yang Aijun , Chu Jifeng , Li Weijuan , Wang Dawei , Yang Xu , Lan Tiansong , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe , Koratkar Nikhil
Published: November 2019

A short period sinusoidal thermal modulation strategy has been employed to quantitatively and rapidly identify hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide by using ceria nanoparticles.
An aqueous synthesis of porous PtPd nanoparticles with reversed bimetallic structures for highly efficient hydrogen generation from ammonia borane hydrolysis
Authors: Yao Kaisheng , Zhao Chenchen , Wang Nan , Li Tianji , Lu Weiwei , Wang Jianji
Published: November 2019

Porous PtPd NPs with reversed bimetallic structures from Pd-on-Pt to Pt-on-Pd can be one-pot prepared in aqueous solution under the modulation of [C16mim]Cl and glycine and show superior catalytic activities for AB hydrolysis to produce hydrogen.
Rhizophols A and B, antioxidant and axially chiral benzophenones from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae
Authors: Liu Zhaoming , Tan Haibo , Chen Kai , Chen Yuchan , Zhang Wenge , Chen Shanchong , Liu Hongxin , Zhang Weimin
Published: November 2019

Rhizophols A (1) and B (2) shared poly-substituted benzophenone skeletons featuring an epoxy isopentyl unit and a propionyl moiety.
Organic template-free synthesis of an open framework silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) with high thermal stability and high ionic conductivity
Authors: Fan Dong , Barrier Nicolas , Vicente Aurélie , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Clevers Simon , Dupray Valérie , Coquerel Gérard , Valtchev Valentin
Published: November 2019

This article describes the organic-template free synthesis, structural elucidation, thermal stability and conductivity property investigation of the silicon-substituted AlPO-CJ19.
Recent advances in the total synthesis of cyclobutane-containing natural products
Authors: Li Jinshan , Gao Kai , Bian Ming , Ding Hanfeng
Published: November 2019

Recent developments of strategies on the construction of cyclobutanes and their application in complex natural product synthesis are discussed.
Structure and electrochemical performance modulation of a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material by anion and cation co-doping for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Rong , Ming Yong , Xiang Wei , Xu Chunliu , Feng Guilin , Li Yongchun , Chen Yanxiao , Wu Zhenguo , Zhong Benhe , Guo Xiaodong
Published: November 2019

Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides show great energy density but suffer poor thermal stability and inferior cycling performance, which limit their practical application.
A simple and convenient synthesis of 3-salicyloylquinoline-4-carboxylic esters from chromone and isatin
Authors: Wang Xuequan , Yang Zhixin , Miu Weihang , Ye Pingting , Bai Mengjiao , Duan Suyue , Shen Xianfu
Published: November 2019

A simple and convenient synthesis of 3-salicyloylquinoline-4-carboxylic esters has been developed through AlCl3-catalyzed reaction of Baylis–Hillman adducts from chromones and isatin-derivatives.
Effect of polyvinyl acetals on non-isothermal crystallization behaviour and mechanical properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)
Authors: Yang Biao , Zhang Xin , Wang Chun , Liu Ran , Fan Baomin , Zhang Huijuan , Sun Hui
Published: November 2019

Melt shearing made the crystallinity of as-received PCL increased and the crystallization temperature raised by 7.7 °C. Polyvinyl acetals increased the spherulite size of PCL from a few microns to 200 μm and PVB improved the Young’s modulus of PCL by 67%.
Mesoporous hollow black TiO2 with controlled lattice disorder degrees for highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Xiongrui , Yan Zhiyao , Zhang Jing , Gao Junzheng , Huang Wanxia , Shi Qiwu , Zhang Hengzhong
Published: November 2019

Our work provides significant insights into the design of hollow black TiO2 spheres and the mechanism accounting for their high-efficient visible-light-driven catalysis.
Selective separation of Xe/Kr and adsorption of water in a microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework
Authors: Lee Wang-Geun , Yoon Tae-Ung , Bae Youn-Sang , Kim Kwang S. , Baek Seung Bin
Published: November 2019

A highly robust microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework selectively separates Xe from Kr, as well as efficiently adsorbs water vapor.
Photocatalytic carbanion generation from C–H bonds – reductant free Barbier/Grignard-type reactions
Authors: Berger Anna Lucia , Donabauer Karsten , König Burkhard
Published: November 2019

We report a redox-neutral method for the generation of carbanions from benzylic C–H bonds in a photocatalytic Grignard-type reaction.
Measuring viscoelasticity of soft biological samples using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Efremov Yuri M. , Okajima Takaharu , Raman Arvind
Published: November 2019

The latest achievements in the viscoelastic characterization of biological samples with AFM are reviewed from both methodological and theoretical sides.
Jammed packings of 3D superellipsoids with tunable packing fraction, coordination number, and ordering
Authors: Yuan Ye , VanderWerf Kyle , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S.
Published: November 2019

We carry out numerical studies of both amorphous and ordered packings of frictionless superellipsoidal particles in three spatial dimensions to understand their structural and mechanical properties.
Spirally deformable soft actuators and their designable helical actuations based on a highly oriented carbon nanotube film
Authors: Li Qingwei , Wang Xingbei , Dong Lixin , Liu Changhong , Fan Shoushan
Published: November 2019

Spirally deformable soft actuators based on highly anisotropic CNT film performing various spiral bending deformations depending on different CNT orientations.
Photopatterned azo poly(amide imide) layers as aligning substrates of holographic liquid crystal diffraction gratings for beam steering applications
Authors: Kozanecka-Szmigiel Anna , Rutkowska Katarzyna A. , Nieborek Mateusz , Kwasny Michal , Karpierz Miroslaw A. , Schab-Balcerzak Ewa , Konieczkowska Jolanta , Szmigiel Dariusz
Published: November 2019

Custom synthesized “T-type” azobenzene-functionalized poly(amide imide) allows for effective fabrication of a tunable liquid crystal photonic device for light beam steering.
High-k polymer materials containing cyclic carbonate as gate dielectrics for application in low-voltage operating organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Zou Jiawei , Li Shizhang , Wang He , Wang Wei , Shi Zuosen , Jiang Yuhang , Cui Zhanchen , Yan Donghang
Published: November 2019

Low-voltage operating OTFTs have attracted interest as core components for low power applications and electronics. An ideal insulation material as the OTFT gate dielectric layer should possess high-k, good insulation property, mechanical flexibility and inherent nature suitable for growth of organic semiconductors.
Highly active Au NP microarray films for direct SERS detection
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Li Xiaodie , Liu Weihua , Hao Rui , Jia Hongrui , Dai Yanzhu , Usman Amin Muhammad , You Hongjun , Li Tao , Fang Jixiang
Published: November 2019

In this study, we demonstrated a flexible transparent three-dimensional (3D) ordered micro-hemisphere (MHS) array PDMS film with self-assembled Au nanoparticles (NPs) (an Au NP-MHS array film) as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for the in situ detection of pesticides in food.
SP1–DLEU1–miR-4429 feedback loop promotes cell proliferative and anti-apoptotic abilities in human glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Chen Ruwei , Liu Lijun
Published: November 2019

Mounting studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1) positively regulated the initiation and development of various human malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of DLEU1 in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain elusive and ill-defined. The current study was designed to highlight the functional role and disclose the underlying molecular mechanism by which DLEU1 regulated GBM development. We found that DLEU1 was up-regulated in GBM and DLEU1 knockdown significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. As predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated in mechanistic assays, SP1 could bind to the promoter region of DLEU1 to activate DLEU1 transcription. Additionally, miR-4429 was verified as a target gene of DLEU1 and negatively modulated by DLEU1. More importantly, miR-4429 overexpression repressed the mRNA and protein levels of SP1 via binding to the 3′UTR of SP1. Overexpression of SP1 or miR-4429 inhibitor could partly abolish the effect of DLEU1 knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis in GBM. Accordingly, our experimental data revealed that SP1–DLEU1–miR-4429 formed a feedback loop to promote GBM development, providing a new evidence for the role of DLEU1 in GBM.
Performance analysis for uplink NOMA‐based cellular network with M2M/H2H co‐existence
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Kang Guixia
Published: November 2019

Owing to the growing proliferation of machine type communication devices and other high‐end devices in conventional human‐to‐human (H2H) communication, it is inevitable that these types of communications will co‐exist with each other in the next generation of cellular communications. This study investigates an uplink cellular network with machine‐to‐machine (M2M) and H2H co‐existence, where a machine type communication gateway is deployed as a relay in the cellular network to forward the M2M messages to the base station (BS). Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been adopted to transmit the data of H2H and M2M communications to the BS simultaneously. Considering the different delay‐sensitive transmissions of M2M/H2H communications, the expressions for outage probability and effective capacity (EC) are theoretically derived with the constraints of quality‐of‐service requirements. Simulation results show that the NOMA scheme outperforms the orthogonal multiple access in terms of outage probability and EC.
Cluster‐based resilient distributed estimation through adversary detection
Authors: Gao Fengyue , Yu Quan , Bai Lin , Wang Jingchao , Choi Jinho
Published: November 2019

Security becomes increasingly important due to various attacks from adversaries in wireless sensor networks. This work considers a resilient distributed estimation of an unknown parameter with a cluster‐based approach when some agents are adversarial. A two‐phase algorithm is adopted to perform parameter estimation and detect attacks. First, a cluster scheme is proposed to make sure that each cluster is connected. Then, the attack is detected and estimation is achieved with a consensus+innovation estimator in each cluster. Finally, the cluster heads combine the consensus estimates in each cluster and exchange with other cluster heads to achieve unknown parameter estimation. In addition, the detection sensitivity under different cluster schemes is also compared. Numerical examples illustrate that the proposed cluster‐based approach can improve the convergence rate and detection sensitivity.
Robust blind identification algorithm in stationary noise environments
Authors: Li Xiukun , Wang Ji
Published: November 2019

Blind channel identification aims to extract the channel impulse response with little prior statistical knowledge of the source signal. In this study, a novel blind channel identification algorithm is proposed based on second‐order statistics. This algorithm utilises the special structure of the covariance matrix to identify the channel impulse responses. The proposed algorithm also outperforms the conventional blind identification algorithm with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and a few observations. Theoretically, the performance of this algorithm is independent of the SNR. This algorithm can be used in both white or coloured noise environments provided that the noise is stationary. This algorithm is robust to parameter estimation errors and has a simple and efficient implementation. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of this algorithm.
Mosaicing of multiplanar regions through autonomous navigation of off‐the‐shelf quadcopter
Authors: Prasad Meghshyam G. , Akula Sona Praneeth , Vemula Anirudh , Chandran Sharat
Published: November 2019

The real world is made up of multiplanar and curved surfaces. Imaging such surfaces with an orthographic view using a handheld camera is tiring if the scene encompasses a view larger than the camera field of view. If the scene is geographically beyond the reach of humans, or access to the scene is denied, it is not possible to take such a frontal view of the scene from handheld devices. The advent of inexpensive flying vehicles such as quadcopters enables the orthographic imaging of large surfaces for later analysis either for leisure or serious scientific purposes. However, manual navigation of the quadcopter around such surfaces is tedious and results are not satisfactory. In this paper, the authors present a method for autonomous navigation of a quadcopter for imaging multiplanar surfaces. The proposed method builds on the existing parallel tracking and mapping based approach to create an approximate sparse three‐dimensional map of the input scene. Next, the authors determine precise locations for obtaining videos for each bounded plane, and then autonomously manoeuver the quadcopter at these waypoints. This results in an end‐to‐end application for visualising scenes with an off‐the‐shelf quadcopter.
Efficacy of solar EV Duo: way to voltage sag mitigation
Authors: Mitra Rituparna , Goswami Arup Kumar , Tiwari Prashant Kumar
Published: November 2019

Voltage sag is one impediment for power quality maintenance in electrical distribution systems. In a system, system voltage profile and system frequency can be maintained by balancing reactive and active power, respectively. Alleviation of voltage sag is made here by a conducive injection of reactive power in the system. Modelling of electric vehicle (EV) is made, calculation of reactive power injection to the system while EV discharging is nurtured for the alleviation of voltage sag. Conversion of power discharge from EV into reactive power injection has been done using single‐phase DC–DC boost converter. The emancipation of solar power has been made for charging EV. The whole approach is based on the linear programming model for the optimisation of reactive power injection in the system for effective voltage sag mitigation. The components of this approach (e.g. photovoltaic (PV) cell, DC machine and single‐phase DC–DC boost converter) are structured in resistive companion form method. The proposed method is validated with a 37 bus Barak Valley Indian Distribution System.
Operational‐based techno‐economic PMU installation approach using grey wolf optimisation algorithm (GWOA)
Authors: Maji Tapas Kumar , Acharjee Parimal
Published: November 2019

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are currently the most useful devices to obtain fast, precise, and synchronised measurement data. Owing to the high cost of installation, the minimum number of PMUs required for the full observability of a network must be determined. However, power companies do not consider such optimal PMU installation (OPI), because their main concerns are preventing cascaded tripping and secure grid separation, for which critical buses (CBs) should be prioritised for direct observability. In practice, utility grids (UGs) may lose their full observability status during islanding, which the OPI problem should account for. On the other hand, actual bus‐to‐bus variations in the PMU installation cost are not properly addressed in the PMU installation problem. Considering these practical aspects, an operational‐based multiphase PMU installation approach is proposed here using the grey wolf optimisation algorithm for CB prioritisation. A PMU cost minimisation‐based OPI problem that considers the full observability of each UG during islanding is formulated. To determine quality outputs, logical and unique mathematical equations are developed. A novel multiple bus selection approach is proposed for a phase‐wise bus assortment. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of other existing methods.
Differential voltage‐based fault detection during power swing
Authors: Patel Bikash , Bera Parthasarathi , Dey Sunita Halder Nee
Published: November 2019

Any incorrect action by the distance relay is harmful to the stability of power system at a power swing condition. In this respect, discrimination of faults from power swing should be fast and accurate. This paper introduces a new fault detection method using time derivative of voltage signals at swing condition. The sample interval between two successive peaks of the derivative of a voltage signal always remains above a minimum value during power swing, while its value decreases by a significant margin after the occurrence of a fault. This discriminating feature of the differential voltage is mathematically developed and applied to detect faults under swing conditions. A 9‐bus‐modified WSCC system is considered for validating the method, and the simulation is carried out in an electromagnetic transient programme. The method detects both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults accurately and quickly at power swing condition for various fault locations, power angles, fault inception times, fault resistances and swing frequencies. Its performance is satisfactory for series compensated lines and under noisy condition. The fault detection results and the comparative study with two available methods justify its potential.
Reduced switching state multilevel improved power factor converter for level‐3 electric vehicle applications
Authors: Yalla Naveen , Agarwal Pramod , Ammanamanchi Venkata Jaya Sai Praneeth , Bussa Vinod Kumar
Published: November 2019

In this study, an off‐board multi‐terminal dc charger with active input current shaping for level‐3 electric vehicle (EV) charging applications is proposed. The configuration is based on reduced switching state multi‐point clamped, three phase improved power factor converter and supplied by the standard ac grid. The topology has the advantage of reduced device count along with reduced maximum device stress. This will increase the speed of EV charging and enables the reduction of capital and maintenance costs of the charging facilities, enhancing further expansion of the eco‐friendly transport. In addition, one of the key performance indicator, i.e. the fault ride‐through capability, is investigated in the proposed topology under various unbalanced input conditions. Further, steady‐state and transient performance of topology during load, as well as, dc‐link voltage change is presented. Minimum distorted and balanced line currents are drawn from supply by implementing negative sequence elimination control algorithm. The validation of the proposed topology is verified with simulation and a down‐scaled experimental setup.
Synchronous‐frame decoupling current regulators for induction motor control in high‐power drive systems: modelling and design
Authors: Mon‐Nzongo Daniel Legrand , Ipoum‐Ngome Paul Gistain , Flesch Rodolfo C.C. , Song‐Manguelle Joseph , Jin Tao , Tang Jinquan
Published: November 2019

In this study, a decoupling current regulator with a simple design approach aiming to mitigate cross‐coupling effects during torque or speed disturbance is proposed for induction motor (IM) drives that operate at the low switching frequency. The proposed control method consists to derive a decoupling transfer matrix from the plant accurate model that is inserted at the output of the current controller, while traditional methods consider the feedback synchronous currents or their errors to calculate the compensation terms. The proposed method allows the controlled system to be equivalent to a dual single‐input–single‐output system without cross‐coupling terms. The performances of this method have been validated through simulations and experiments on a 3‐kW IM powered by a 3‐level neutral‐point clamped inverter at different operating conditions. The results show that the proposed decoupling approach provides additional bandwidth frequency than traditional approaches from literature. This characteristic translates into fast response time and improved decoupling dynamics at various operating conditions.
State‐of‐the‐art in smart streetlight systems: a review
Authors: Mahoor Mohsen , Hosseini Zohreh S. , Khodaei Amin , Paaso Aleksi , Kushner Daniel
Published: November 2019

The utilisation of smart streetlights is gaining more attention in urban planning, as it potentially reduces streetlights’ operation and maintenance costs, offers additional benefits in terms of safety, security, efficiency, versatility, and scalability, and sets the stage for further smart city applications. This study provides an extensive overview of state‐of‐the‐art research on smart streetlights from various perspectives, including smart city applications, communications, control strategies, and cybersecurity, with the objective of laying down a foundation for future improvements of smart streetlight systems as well as establishing a basis for comparing existing technologies.
Probabilistic framework for vulnerability analysis of coupling capacitor voltage transformer to ferroresonance phenomenon
Authors: Tajdinian Mohsen , Allahbakhshi Mehdi , Behdani Behzad , Behi Donya , Goodarzi Ali
Published: November 2019

The performance of measurement transformers especially in transient phenomena affects the monitoring, control and protective devices. Coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) is a measurement transformer that may experience ferroresonance phenomenon due to the presence of capacitors and non‐linear reactors. This study provides a probabilistic framework for investigation of ferroresonance phenomenon in CCVT. The aim of this investigation is to find out the area of the power system in which a CCVT is highly prone to experience ferroresonance phenomenon. Also through this framework the behaviour of the different types of ferroresonance suppression circuits and possible solutions to avoid or reduce the chance of ferroresonance will be discussed. The effects of several factors such as switching moment, different fault type and the fault inception angle are investigated. The investigation will be conducted considering the effects of single‐pole auto‐reclosing, three‐pole auto‐reclosing and capacitor failure in the CCVT. As shown in the simulation results, the presented framework can provide some useful information regarding the exposure level and severity of CCVT ferroresonance in the system.
Snapback‐free RC‐LIGBT with integrated LDMOS and LIGBT
Authors: Chen Weizhong , Li Shun , Huang Yao , Huang Yi , He LiJun , Han ZhengSheng
Published: November 2019

A novel reverse‐conducting lateral insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (RC‐LIGBT) merged with an independent LDMOS region and LIGBT region is proposed, which is named M‐RC‐LIGBT. The forward conduction of the M‐RC‐LIGBT is divided into three steps, firstly it works in laterally‐diffused‐metal‐oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) mode with single electron, and then it works in LDMOS and LIGBT modes with electron and hole, and finally it is dominated by the LIGBT mode. There is no abrupt current observed in the forward conduction, thus the snapback phenomenon is eliminated. At the reverse conduction, the M‐RC‐LIGBT integrates an inner diode, and the P‐body acts as the anode and the N‐collector acts as the cathode of the diode, respectively, thus the reverse conduction ability is achieved. As the results show, the M‐RC‐LIGBT has superior forward and reverse conduction properties, the VF and VR are 0.94 and 0.82 V, respectively, which are decreased by 61 and 18% when compared to the conventional RC‐LIGBT, respectively.
Spectral properties and detectability of supermassive stars in protoglobular clusters at high redshift
Authors: Martins F. , Schaerer D. , Haemmerlé L. , Charbonnel C.
Published: November 2019

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) contain multiple stellar populations with peculiar chemical compositions. Pollution of the intracluster gas by an early population of fast-evolving stars is the most common scenario for explaining the observations. Stars with masses in excess of 1000 M⊙ have recently been suggested as potential polluters.

Aims. We investigate the spectral properties of proto-GCs that would host a supermassive star (SMS). Our main goal is to quantify how such a star would affect the integrated light of the cluster, and to study the detectability of such objects.

Methods. We computed nonlocal thermal equilibirum atmosphere models for SMS with various combinations of stellar parameters (luminosity, effective temperature, and mass) and metallicities appropriate for GCs, and we predict their emergent spectra. Using these spectra, we calculated the total emission of young proto-GCs with SMS as predicted in a previously reported scenario, and we computed synthetic photometry in UV, optical, and near-IR bands, in particular for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Results. At an effective temperature of 10 000 K, the spectrum of SMSs shows a Balmer break in emission. This feature is due to strong nonlocal thermal equilibrium effects (implied by the high luminosity) and is not observed in “normal” stars. The hydrogen lines also show a peculiar behavior, with Balmer lines in emission while higher series lines are in absorption. At 7000 K, the Balmer break shows a strong absorption. At high effective temperatures, the Lyman break is found in emission. Cool and luminous SMSs are found to dominate the integrated spectrum of the cluster, except for the UV range. The predicted magnitudes of these proto-GCs are magAB ∼ 28 − 30 between 0.7 and 8 μm and for redshifts z ∼ 4 − 10, which is detectable with the JWST. The peculiar observational features of cool SMSs imply that they might in principle be detected in color-color diagrams that probe the spectral energy distribution below and above the Balmer break.

Conclusions. Our results show that SMSs should be detectable in proto-GCs if they are luminous and relatively cool. They may be found through deep imaging with the JWST.
Breaking Carbon–Fluorine Bonds with Main Group Nucleophiles
Authors: Coates Greg , Rekhroukh Feriel , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: November 2019

In this Account we describe a series of new reactions that we, and others, have reported that involve the transformation of C–F bonds into C–Mg, C–Al, C–Si, C–Fe and C–Zn bonds. We focus on the use of highly reactive main group nucleophiles and discuss aspects of reaction scope, selectivity and mechanism.

1 Introduction

1.1 The Fluorocarbon Industry and Sustainability

1.2 Production of Fluorocarbons

1.3 Properties of Fluorocarbons

1.4 Our Work

2 Results and Discussion

2.1 Low-Valent Main Group Compounds

2.1.1 Reactions with Fluoroarenes

2.1.2 Reactions with Fluoroalkanes

2.1.3 Reactions with Fluoroalkenes

2.2 Main Group Nucleophiles (M1–M2)

2.2.1 Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroarenes

2.2.2 Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroalkanes

2.2.3 Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroalkenes

3 Summary and Perspective
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies?
Authors: Kroll Christian , Warchold Anne , Pradhan Prajal
Published: November 2019

The Agenda 2030 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provides the framework that all United Nations (UN) member states have pledged to fulfill. The achievement of this agenda crucially depends on whether humankind will be able to maximize synergies and resolve existing trade-offs between the SDGs. We provide the first analysis of future interactions for projected SDG trends until 2030 within and between goals, and we analyze how trade-offs and synergies have evolved in the recent past globally. For certain goals, we find positive developments with notable synergies in our projections, especially for SDGs 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9: Poverty alleviation and strengthening the economy, rooted in innovation, and modern infrastructure, therefore continue to be the basis upon which many of the other SDGs can be achieved. However, especially SDGs 11, 13, 14, 16, and 17 will continue to have notable trade-offs, as well as non-associations with the other goals in the future, which emphasizes the need to foster innovations and policies that can make our cities and communities more sustainable, as well as strengthen institutions and spur climate action. We show examples of a successful transformation of trade-offs into synergies that should be emulated in other areas to create a virtuous cycle of SDG progress. The alarming inability to overcome certain persistent trade-offs we have found, and indeed the deterioration for some SDGs, can seriously threaten the achievement of the Agenda 2030.
Is the coexistence of Catalan and Spanish possible in Catalonia?
Authors: Seoane Luís F. , Loredo Xaquín , Monteagudo Henrique , Mira Jorge
Published: November 2019

We study the stability of Catalan and Spanish coexistence in Catalonia, a key political and economic European region. Recent, abundant empirical data of language use is analyzed within an analytic model of population dynamics. This model contemplates the possibilities of both long-term language coexistence and decline. The data needs to be interpreted under different circumstances. The most likely scenario, we find, is a sustained coexistence. Extreme cases still lead to the decline of one of the tongues–we delimit when this can happen. Asymptotic behavior is often an unreliable predictor in complex social systems; we make an attempt at forecasting fractions of speakers towards$$2030$$2030. These also suggest sustained coexistence, but some counterintuitive dynamics are unveiled. Model parameters estimated from the data convey relevant information about the prestige and interlinguistic similarity of both tongues. We quantify these parameters rigorously for these languages for the first time. Remarkably, Spanish is found to have a larger prestige in areas which historically had larger Catalan monolingual communities. With limited, spatially-segregated data we examine more fine grained dynamics, thus better addressing the likely outcomes. Differences in model parameters across regions reveal how the two languages are perceived in more urban or rural environments.
Interdisciplinarity revisited: evidence for research impact and dynamism
Authors: Okamura Keisuke
Published: November 2019

Addressing many of the world’s contemporary challenges requires a multifaceted and integrated approach, and interdisciplinary research (IDR) has become increasingly central to both academic interest and government science policies. Although higher interdisciplinarity is then often assumed to be associated with higher research impact, there has been little solid scientific evidence supporting this assumption. Here, we provide verifiable evidence that interdisciplinarity is statistically significantly and positively associated with research impact by focusing on highly cited paper clusters known as the research fronts (RFs). Interdisciplinarity is uniquely operationalised as the effective number of distinct disciplines involved in the RF, computed from the relative abundance of disciplines and the affinity between disciplines, where all natural sciences are classified into eight disciplines. The result of a multiple regression analysis (n = 2,560) showed that an increase by one in the effective number of disciplines was associated with an approximately 20% increase in the research impact, which was defined as a field-normalised citation-based measure. A new visualisation technique was then applied to identify the research areas in which high-impact IDR is underway and to investigate its evolution over time and across disciplines. Collectively, this work establishes a new framework for understanding the nature and dynamism of IDR in relation to existing disciplines and its relevance to science policymaking.
Suppression of substrate coupling in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) by hole injection from the p-GaN gate
Authors: Pagnano D. , Longobardi G. , Udrea F. , Sun J. , Garg R. , Kim H. , Ostermaier C. , Imam M. , Charles A.
Published: November 2019

GaN-on-Si is a lateral technology and as such it allows the integration of high voltage High Electron Mobility Transistors and low voltage devices on the same chip, thus enabling the miniaturization and reduction of parasitic inductances. Due to the fact that integrated devices share a common substrate, the performance of one device can be significantly affected by the operation of another. The choice of the substrate bias is particularly important in the integrated half-bridge, a popular topology which includes a low- and a high-side device. A grounded substrate will cause vertical stress on the high-side device, while a floating substrate will couple with the high voltage, resulting in stress on the low-side device. This is highly problematic as the devices may fail to turn on or have a significantly increased RON. In this work, we carefully investigate the substrate coupling of a high-side and low-side device via backgating measurements. We demonstrate that the unwanted RON increase in the high side device could be suppressed by hole injection from the gate, if the gate is formed of a p-type material.
Single nanoparticle photoelectrochemistry: What is next?
Authors: Wang Li , Schmid Merranda , Sambur Justin B.
Published: November 2019

Semiconductor photoelectrochemistry is a fascinating field that deals with the chemistry and physics of photodriven reactions at solid/liquid interfaces. The interdisciplinary field attracts (electro)chemists, materials scientists, spectroscopists, and theorists to study fundamental and applied problems such as carrier dynamics at illuminated electrode/electrolyte interfaces and solar energy conversion to electricity or chemical fuels. In the pursuit of practical photoelectrochemical energy conversion systems, researchers are exploring inexpensive, solution-processed semiconductor nanomaterials as light absorbers. Harnessing the enormous potential of nanomaterials for energy conversion applications requires a fundamental understanding of charge carrier generation, separation, transport, and interfacial charge transfer at heterogeneous nanoscale interfaces. Our current understanding of these processes is derived mainly from ensemble-average measurements of nanoparticle electrodes that report on the average behavior of trillions of nanoparticles. Ensemble-average measurements conceal how nanoparticle heterogeneity (e.g., differences in particle size, shape, and surface structure) contributes to the overall photoelectrochemical response. This perspective article focuses on the emerging area of single particle photoelectrochemistry, which has opened up an exciting new frontier: direct investigations of photodriven reactions on individual nanomaterials, with the ability to elucidate the role of particle-dependent properties on the photoelectrochemical behavior. Here, we (1) review the basic principles of photoelectrochemical cells, (2) point out the potential advantages and differences between bulk and nanoelectrodes, (3) introduce approaches to single nanoparticle photoelectrochemistry and highlight key findings, and (4) provide our perspective on future research directions.
Atomic ordering and bond relaxation in optical spectra of self-organized InP/GaInP2 Wigner molecule structures
Authors: Mintairov A. M. , Lebedev D. V. , Bert N. , Belyaev K. G. , Nevedomskiy V. N. , Rakhlin M. V. , Toropov A. A. , Vlasov A. S. , Gocalinska A. , Juska G. , Pelucchi E. , Arredondo M. A. , Naden A. B. , Shelaev A. V. , Bykov V. A.
Published: November 2019

We used transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy to identify the effect of CuPt-type GaP-InP atomic ordering (AO) on the structural and emission properties of self-organized (SO) InP/GaInP2 Wigner molecule (WM) quantum dot (QD) structures. We found that the correlation of AO and SO growth results in the formation of InP/GaInP2 QD/AO-domain (QD/AOD) core-shell composites. This observation shows that intrinsic WMs in this system emerge due to a strong piezoelectric field generated by AODs, which induces QD doping and a built-in magnetic field. We found that the bond relaxation of AODs leads to a decrease in the emission energy of WMs of 80 meV. The photoluminescence spectra of single WMs having an emission energy ∼1.53 eV are presented here, the lowest one reported for this system.
Demographics of the endemic and threatened small cyprinid Pethia setnai from the Northern Western Ghats, India
Authors: SriHari M. , Gladston Y. , Ajina S. M. , Sreekanth G. B. , Raghavan Rajeev , Jaiswar A. K.
Published: November 2019

The indigo barb Pethia setnai is a threatened small cyprinid endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. In this study, the length–weight relationship and length–frequency-based population dynamics of this species, which are important prerequisites for effective fisheries management, were investigated for the first time based on specimens collected from the Mhadei River in the northern part of the Western Ghats. Estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were as follows: theoretical maximum length, L∞, 70.88 mm; growth coefficient, k, 1.50 year–1; and theoretical age at length 0, t0, –0.016 years. Natural mortality of P. setnai was higher than fishing mortality, and the present exploitation level (0.37) was less than 60% of the predicted maximum exploitation, suggesting that the species is not exploited to a level that is detrimental to the local population.
Association ofEGLN1gene with high aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua at high altitude
Authors: Brutsaert Tom D. , Kiyamu Melisa , Elias Revollendo Gianpietro , Isherwood Jenna L. , Lee Frank S. , Rivera-Ch Maria , Leon-Velarde Fabiola , Ghosh Sudipta , Bigham Abigail W.
Published: November 2019

Highland native Andeans have resided at altitude for millennia. They display high aerobic capacity (VO2max) at altitude, which may be a reflection of genetic adaptation to hypoxia. Previous genomewide (GW) scans for natural selection have nominatedEgl-9 homolog 1gene (EGLN1) as a candidate gene. The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2sensor that controls levels of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-α (HIF-α), which regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. From GW association and analysis of covariance performed on a total sample of 429 Peruvian Quechua and 94 US lowland referents, we identified 5EGLN1SNPs associated with higher VO2max (L⋅min−1and mL⋅min−1⋅kg−1) in hypoxia (rs1769793, rs2064766, rs2437150, rs2491403, rs479200). For 4 of these SNPs, Quechua had the highest frequency of the advantageous (high VO2max) allele compared with 25 diverse lowland comparison populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Genotype effects were substantial, with high versus low VO2max genotype categories differing by ∼11% (e.g., for rs1769793 SNP genotype TT = 34.2 mL⋅min−1⋅kg−1vs. CC = 30.5 mL⋅min−1⋅kg−1). To guard against spurious association, we controlled for population stratification. Findings were replicated forEGLN1SNP rs1769793 in an independent Andean sample collected in 2002. These findings contextualize previous reports of natural selection atEGLN1in Andeans, and support the hypothesis that natural selection has increased the frequency of anEGLN1causal variant that enhances O2delivery or use during exercise at altitude in Peruvian Quechua.
Parallel evolution of ancient, pleiotropic enhancers underlies butterfly wing pattern mimicry
Authors: Lewis James J. , Geltman Rachel C. , Pollak Patrick C. , Rondem Kathleen E. , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Hubisz Melissa J. , Munn Paul R. , Zhang Linlin , Benson Caleb , Mazo-Vargas Anyi , Danko Charles G. , Counterman Brian A. , Papa Riccardo , Reed Robert D.
Published: November 2019

Color pattern mimicry in
Heliconius
butterflies is a classic case study of complex trait adaptation via selection on a few large effect genes. Association studies have linked color pattern variation to a handful of noncoding regions, yet the presumptive cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control color patterning remain unknown. Here we combine chromatin assays, DNA sequence associations, and genome editing to functionally characterize 5 cis-regulatory elements of the color pattern gene
optix
. We were surprised to find that the cis-regulatory architecture of
optix
is characterized by pleiotropy and regulatory fragility, where deletion of individual cis-regulatory elements has broad effects on both color pattern and wing vein development. Remarkably, we found orthologous cis-regulatory elements associate with wing pattern convergence of distantly related comimics, suggesting that parallel coevolution of ancestral elements facilitated pattern mimicry. Our results support a model of color pattern evolution in
Heliconius
where changes to ancient, multifunctional cis-regulatory elements underlie adaptive radiation.