bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying and Examining Reserve in Symptomatic Former National Football League Players
Authors: Foley Éimear M. , Tripodis Yorghos , Yhang Eukyung , Koerte Inga K. , Martin Brett M. , Palmisano Joseph , Makris Nikos , Schultz Vivian , Lepage Chris , Muehlmann Marc , Wróbel Paweł P. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Cantu Robert C. , Lin Alexander P. , Coleman Michael , Mez Jesse , Bouix Sylvain , Shenton Martha E. , Stern Robert A. , Alosco Michael L.
Published: November 2021

Background: Repetitive head impacts (RHI) from contact sports have been associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, not all individuals exposed to RHI develop such disorders. This may be explained by the reserve hypothesis. It remains unclear if the reserve hypothesis accounts for the heterogenous symptom presentation in RHI-exposed individuals. Moreover, optimal measurement of reserve in this population is unclear and likely unique from non-athlete populations. Objective: We examined the association between metrics of reserve and cognitive and neuropsychiatric functioning in 89 symptomatic former National Football League players. Methods: Individual-level proxies (e.g., education) defined reserve. We additionally quantified reserve as remaining residual variance in 1) episodic memory and 2) executive functioning performance, after accounting for demographics and brain pathology. Associations between reserve metrics and cognitive and neuropsychiatric functioning were examined. Results: Higher reading ability was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.25; 95% CI, 0.05–0.46), episodic memory (β=0.27; 95% CI, 0.06–0.48), semantic and phonemic fluency (β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.02–0.46; β=0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.59), and behavioral regulation (β=–0.26; 95% CI, –0.48, –0.03) performance. There were no effects for other individual-level proxies. Residual episodic memory variance was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.45; 95% CI, 0.25, 0.65), executive functioning (β=0.36; 95% CI, 0.15, 0.57), and semantic fluency (β=0.38; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.59) performance. Residual executive functioning variance was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.44; 95% CI, 0.24, 0.64) and episodic memory (β=0.37; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.58) performance. Conclusion: Traditional reserve proxies (e.g., years of education, occupational attainment) have limitations and may be unsuitable for use in elite athlete samples. Alternative approaches of reserve quantification may prove more suitable for this population.
Sex Differences in Behavior and Molecular Pathology in the 5XFAD Model
Authors: Sil Annesha , Erfani Arina , Lamb Nicola , Copland Rachel , Riedel Gernot , Platt Bettina
Published: November 2021

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is greater in women compared to men, but the reasons for this remain unknown. This sex difference has been widely neglected in experimental studies using transgenic mouse models of AD. Objective: Here, we studied behavior and molecular pathology of 5-month-old 5XFAD mice, which express mutated human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 on a C57BL/6J background, versus their wild-type littermate controls, to compare both sex- and genotype-dependent differences. Methods: A novel behavioral paradigm was utilized (OF-NO-SI), comprising activity measures (Open Field, OF) arena, followed by Novel Object exploration (NO) and Social Interaction (SI) of a sex-matched conspecific. Each segment consisted of two repeated trials to assess between-trial habituation. Subsequently, brain pathology (amyloid load, stress response and inflammation markers, synaptic integrity, trophic support) was assessed using qPCR and western blotting. Results: Female 5XFAD mice had higher levels of human APP and amyloid-β and heightened inflammation versus males. These markers correlated with hyperactivity observed in both sexes, yet only female 5XFAD mice presented with subtle deficits in object and social exploration. Male animals had higher expression of stress markers and neurotrophic factors irrespective of genotype, this correlated with cognitive performance. Conclusion: The impact of sex on AD-relevant phenotypes is in line with human data and emphasizes the necessity of appropriate study design and reporting. Differential molecular profiles observed in male versus female mice offer insights into possible protective mechanisms, and hence treatment strategies.
Macronutrient Intake and Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Nine-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study
Authors: Shang Xianwen , Hill Edward , Zhu Zhuoting , Liu Jiahao , Ge Zongyuan , Wang Wei , He Mingguang
Published: November 2021

Background: Little is known about the association between macronutrient intake and incident dementia. Objective: To identify an optimal range of macronutrient intake associated with reduced risk of dementia. Methods: Our analysis included 93,389 adults aged 60–75 years from the UK Biobank. Diet was assessed using a web-based 24-h recall questionnaire between 2009–2012. Dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient, death records, and self-reported data up to January 2021. We calculated a macronutrient score based on associations between an individual’s macronutrient intake and incident dementia. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,171 incident dementia cases were documented. We found U-shape relationships for carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake with incident dementia. Compared to individuals with optimal carbohydrate intake, those with high intake (HR (95%CI): 1.48(1.15–1.91)) but not low intake (1.19(0.89–1.57)) had a higher risk of dementia. In the multivariable analysis, a low-fat intake (HR (95%CI): 1.42(1.11–1.82)) was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia. After adjustment for covariates, a high (HR (95%CI): 1.41(1.09–1.83)) but not low protein intake (1.22(0.94–1.57)) was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Individuals in quintiles 3–5 of optimal macronutrient score had a lower risk of dementia compared with those in quintile 1 (HR (95%CI): 0.76(0.64–0.91) for quintile 3, 0.71(0.60–0.85) for quintile 4, 0.74(0.61–0.91) for quintile 5). The association between macronutrient score and incident dementia was significant across subgroups of age, gender, education, and smoking. Conclusion: Moderate intakes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein were associated with the lowest risk of incident dementia.
Birth Cohorts and Cognitive Reserve Influence Cognitive Performances in Older Adults
Authors: Turcotte Valérie ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Potvin Olivier , Dadar Mahsa , Hudon Carol , Duchesne Simon
Published: November 2021

Background: Evidence suggests birth cohort differences in cognitive performance of older adults. Proxies of cognitive reserve (CR), such as educational attainment and occupational complexity, could also partly account for these differences as they are influenced by the sociocultural environment of the birth cohorts. Objective: To predict cognitive performance using birth cohorts and CR and examine the moderating influence of CR on cognitive performance and structural brain health association. Methods: Using ADNI data (n = 1628), four birth cohorts were defined (1915–1928; 1929–1938; 1939–1945; 1946–1964). CR proxies were education, occupational complexity, and verbal IQ. We predicted baseline cognitive performances (verbal episodic memory; language and semantic memory; attention capacities; executive functions) using multiple linear regressions with CR, birth cohorts, age, structural brain health (total brain volume; total white matter hyperintensities volume) and vascular risk factors burden as predictors. Sex and CR interactions were also explored. Results: Recent birth cohorts, higher CR, and healthier brain structures predicted better performance in verbal episodic memory, language and semantic memory, and attention capacities, with large effect sizes. Better performance in executive functions was predicted by a higher CR and a larger total brain volume, with a small effect size. With equal score of CR, women outperformed men in verbal episodic memory and language and semantic memory in all cohorts. Higher level of CR predicted better performance in verbal episodic memory, only when total brain volume was lower. Conclusion: Cohort differences in cognitive performance favor more recent birth cohorts and suggests that this association may be partly explained by proxies of CR.
A Comparison of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and BPSD Sub-Syndromes in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Altomari Natalia , Bruno Francesco , Laganà Valentina , Smirne Nicoletta , Colao Rosanna , Curcio Sabrina , Di Lorenzo Raffaele , Frangipane Francesca , Maletta Raffaele , Puccio Gianfranco , Bruni Amalia Cecilia
Published: November 2021

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have a large impact on the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Few studies have compared BPSD between early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset (LOAD) patients, finding conflicting results. Objective: The aims of this study were to: 1) characterize the presence, overall prevalence, and time of occurrence of BPSD in EOAD versus LOAD; 2) estimate the prevalence over time and severity of each BPSD in EOAD versus LOAD in three stages: pre-T0 (before the onset of the disease), T0 (from onset to 5 years), and T1 (from 5 years onwards); 3) track the manifestation of BPSD sub-syndromes (i.e., hyperactivity, psychosis, affective, and apathy) in EOAD versus LOAD at T0 and T1. Methods: The sample includes 1,538 LOAD and 387 EOAD diagnosed from 1996 to 2018. Comprehensive assessment batteries, including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were administered at the first medical assessment and at different follow-up period. Results: The overall prevalence for the most of BPSD was significantly higher in EOAD compared to LOAD whereas most BPSD appeared significantly later in EOAD patients. Between the two groups, from pre-T0 to T1 we recorded a different pattern of BPSD prevalence over time as well as for BPSD sub-syndromes at T0 and T1. Results on severity of BPSD did not show significant differences. Conclusion: EOAD and LOAD represent two different forms of a single entity not only from a neuropathological, cognitive, and functional level but also from a psychiatric point of view.
Comparison of Serum Triiodothyronine with Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum in Euthyroid Subjects
Authors: Ge Feifei , Dong Lin , Zhu Donglin , Lin Xingjian , Shi Jingping , Xiao Ming
Published: November 2021

Background: Accumulating studies have implicated thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for AD continuum among euthyroid subjects. Methods: In all, 93 clinically euthyroid subjects with a cognitive decline were included in this prospective cross-sectional study and were divided into groups with abnormal AD biomarkers (belonging to the “Alzheimer’s continuum”; A+ patients) and those with “normal AD biomarkers” or “non-AD pathological changes” (A–patients), according to the ATN research framework classification for AD. A partial correlation analysis of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TH levels with CSF biomarkers was conducted. The predictor for A+ patients was analyzed via binary logistic regressions. Finally, the diagnostic significance of individual biochemical predictors for A+ patients was estimated via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were found to affect the levels of CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and the ratios of Aβ42/40. Further, FT3 was found to be a significant predictor for A+ via binary logistic regression modeling. Moreover, FT3 showed a high diagnostic value for A+ in euthyroid subjects. Conclusion: Even in a clinical euthyroid state, low serum FT3 and TT3 levels appear to be differentially associated with AD-specific CSF changes. These data indicate that serum FT3 is a strong candidate for differential diagnosis between AD continuum and non-AD dementia, which benefits the early diagnosis and effective management of preclinical and clinical AD patients.
Accelerometer-Measured, Habitual Physical Activity and Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Spartano Nicole L. , Himali Jayandra J. , Trinquart Ludovic , Yang Qiong , Weinstein Galit , Satizabal Claudia L. , Dukes Kimberly A. , Beiser Alexa S. , Murabito Joanne M. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: November 2021

Background: One of the mechanisms suggested to link physical activity (PA) to favorable brain health is through stimulation of neural growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Acute bouts of PA stimulate circulating BDNF levels. Objective: In this investigation, we assessed whether habitual, accelerometer-measured PA levels were related to circulating BDNF levels in a middle-aged cohort. Methods: In the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation cohort, 1,769 participants provided reliable accelerometry data and were not missing BDNF measurement or platelet counts. In a cross-sectional analysis, using multivariable regression, we related PA measures to serum BDNF levels, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, platelet count, depression status, and accelerometer wear time. Results: Our study participants (mean age 47±9 years, 50.8% women) spent an average of 22.3 mins/day in moderate-to-vigorous (MV)PA. Most PA variables (steps, MVPA, light activity, and sedentary time) were not related to BDNF levels (p > 0.05). We observed a non-linear trend, where 15–50 mins/week vigorous activity was associated with lower BDNF compared to those with 0 min vigorous activity (β= –0.049±0.024, p = 0.05), but with no significant associations at lower or higher vigorous activity levels. In smokers, MVPA was also associated with lower BDNF levels (β= –0.216±0.079, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Our study reveals that circulating BDNF is not chronically elevated in individuals with higher levels of habitual PA in middle-aged adults from the community and may even be chronically suppressed with higher PA in subgroups, including current smokers. These results do not contradict previous studies demonstrating that circulating BDNF rises acutely after PA.
Late Onset Pompe Disease with Novel Mutations and Atypical Phenotypes
Authors: Chawla Tanushree , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Polavarapu Kiran , Vengalil Seena , Bardhan Mainak , Puri RatnaDua , Verma Jyotsna , Christopher Rita , Supriya Manjunath , Nashi Saraswati , Prasad Chandrajit , Nadeesh Bevinahalli , Nalini Atchayaram
Published: November 2021

Background: Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is rare and generally manifests predominantly as progressive limb girdle muscle weakness. It is linked to the pathogenic mutations in GAA gene, which leads to glycogen accumulation in various tissues. Materials and methods: We describe the unusual clinical, biochemical, histopathological and genetic characteristics of 5 cases of LOPD. Results: The first case had progressive anterior horn cell like disease (AHCD) that evolved later to classical limb girdle syndrome and respiratory failure, the second patient had rigid spine syndrome with gastrointestinal manifestations, the third had limb girdle weakness superimposed with episodic prolonged worsening and respiratory failure, the fourth had large fibre sensory neuropathy without primary muscle involvement and the fifth presented with classical limb girdle muscle weakness. Two homozygous missense mutations c.1461C > A (p.Phe487Leu) and c.1082C > T (p.Pro361Leu) in the GAA gene were identified in case 1 and 2 respectively. Case 3 was compound heterozygous with inframe c.1935_1940del (p.Val646_Cys647del) and an intronic splice effecting variant c.-32-13T > G. Compound heterozygous missense variants c.971C > T (p.Pro324Leu) and c.794G > A (p.Ser265Asn) were identified in case 4. Case 5 had a frameshift insertion c.1396dupG (p.Val466GlyfsTer40) and a synonymous splice affecting variant c.546G > T(p.Thr182=). Conclusion: We are describing for the first time from India on LOPD with unusual phenotypes identified. A high degree of clinical suspicion and diagnosing rare phenotypes of Pompe disease is imperative to consider early initiation of Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT).
Evaluation of the effects of the national diabetes control and prevention program on a sample of iranian people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Haghravan Simin , Mohammadi-Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Rafraf Maryam , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Diabetes prevention programs have been developed in the different countries and it is therefore necessary to gain a better understanding of factors affecting the effectiveness of these programs for each society. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the National Diabetes Control and Prevention Program (NDCPP) on the biochemical and anthropometric indices among a sample of Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 384 patients with T2DM from the primary health care system of Tehran and Tabriz cities during January to June 2020, were included in the study. A two-part questionnaire consisting of items related to socio-economic and demographic characteristics was used and biochemical and anthropometric indices were measured at the beginning and the end of the 3-month intervention period. There was a significant difference in fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin glycosides (HbA1 C), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and weight before and after the NDCPP (P < 0.001). Also, there was significant improvement in carbohydrate (P = 0.015) and protein intake (P = 0.027) after the NDCPP compared to before the study. No significant difference was observed in waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.689), body mass index (P = 0.784), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.647), and other dietary nutrient intake before and after the NDCPP. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in FBS (Time effect P = 0.019) and weight (Time effect P = 0.006) after the NDCPP. Also, residing in different cities had a significant effect on FBS (time×city effect P < 0.001), HbA1 C (time×city effect P < 0.001), and SBP (time×city effect P = 0.037) after the NDCPP. The NDCPP resulted in weight loss, improved HbA1 C, and FBS. These findings suggested that NDCPP had a positive effect on controlling T2DM among Iranian population and can be considered as a way to prevent complications of T2DM.
The concomitant use of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW)
Authors: Al-Jebawi Y. , Karalic K. , Shekhawat P. , Mhanna M.J.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Late-onset sepsis is common in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, and it leads to the use of antibiotics to cover resistant organisms, which can be nephrotoxic. Here we have investigated the role of vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam on the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study, medical records of all ELBW infants who were admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with late onset sepsis who were prescribed vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam were reviewed for demographics, clinical characteristics, use of potential nephrotoxic medications and outcomes. RESULTS: During the study period, 264 patients were admitted, of whom 28.4%(75/264) received vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam and were matched with 64 controls. There were no differences in gestational age or birth weight between cases and controls [688±160 vs. 689±162 grams (p = 0.99), and 24.7±1.8 vs. 24.7±1.6 weeks (p = 0.99) respectively]. There was no difference in the rate of sepsis between cases and controls [76%(55/72) vs. 64%(41/64) respectively, p = 0.11]. Infants exposed to vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam had a higher percentage of concomitant use of vasopressors and amphotericin. To adjust for confounders, a logistic regression analysis was conducted with AKI as the dependent variable. Use of vasopressors and vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam were the only risk factors associated with AKI with an adjusted OR (95%CI) of 4.08 (1.90–8.74), p < 0.001; and 2.87 (1.26–6.53), p = 0.01 respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam in ELBW infants is associated with an increased risk for AKI.
Think globally, act locally: Quality improvement as a catalyst for COVID-19 related care during the transitional years
Authors: Castillo Jonathan , Fremion Ellen , Morrison-Jacobus Melissa , Bolin Rhonda , Perez Ana , Acosta Eva , Timmons Kelly , Castillo Heidi
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed distinctive challenges to adolescents and young adults living with spina bifida, especially those from ethic minority populations. With this public health challenge in mind, developing a customized electronic health record to leverage registry data to promote and quantify COVID-19 vaccination uptake among this population is feasible. We provide a brief description of our activities in customizing an electronic health record to track vaccination uptake among adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYASB); and the lessons learned, in hopeful support of those scaling-up vaccination delivery across the globe for AYASB as they transition to adult-centered care. Thus, as providers think globally and act locally, COVID-19 immunization efforts can be implemented while providing culturally appropriate transition policies and services for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Model-based single-month unemployment rate estimates for the Brazilian Labour Force Survey1
Authors: Gonçalves Caio César Soares , Hidalgo Luna
Published: November 2021

The Brazilian Labour Force Survey (BLFS) is a quarterly rotating panel survey with 80% sample overlap between two successive quarters. Monthly unemployment rate estimates are regularly produced based on a three-month average of direct estimates. Due to the unforeseen situation of COVID19 pandemic and its effects in the economy and labour market, there was a need to investigate model-based estimation procedures to obtain unemployment rate single-month estimates. We present structural time series models developed to produce model-based single month estimates at national level as well as small area (state-level) estimates at a higher frequency than those currently being published. Using the state-space framework, the models account for the autocorrelation due to sample overlap and the increased dynamics in the labour force series in 2020. In addition, bivariate models that combine claimant count and survey data are investigated. The models not only yield estimates with better precision than direct estimates, since the latter were affected by a rise in non-response, but they can deliver reliable state-level official statistics at a monthly frequency that are presently required. The new improved model-based estimates were proposed as experimental statistics for the Brazilian national statistical office (IBGE).
The educational needs of Canadian homeless shelter workers related to traumatic brain injury
Authors: Formosa Amanda , Dobronyi Isabelle , Topolovec-Vranic Jane
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a higher prevalence in the homeless population. Caregivers to individuals who have TBIs may require better education surrounding screening, diagnosis and management of this disease to tailor interventions to their clients’ needs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the insight and educational needs of homeless care providers in recognizing and dealing with clients who had experienced a TBI. METHODS: A survey assessing the point of views of homeless care providers across Canada regarding their level of confidence in identifying and managing symptoms of TBI. RESULTS: Eight-eight completed surveys were included. Overall, frontline workers expressed a moderate level of confidence in identifying and managing TBI, stating that educational initiatives in this context would be of high value to themselves and their clients. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline workers to homeless clients rate their educational needs on the identification and management of TBI to be high such that educational initiatives for shelter workers across Canada may be beneficial to increase their knowledge in identifying and managing the TBI-related symptoms. Improved education would not only benefit frontline workers but may also have a positive effect on health outcomes for their clients.
Micronucleus in oral exfoliated cells and associated factors among young adults in the far south of Brazil
Authors: Santos Merlyn dos , Santos Mariana dos , Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo , Garcia Edariane Menestrino Garcia , Dumith Samuel de Carvalho , Rodrigues da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel
Published: November 2021

There is an increasing interest in the application of micronucleus (MN) assays in the clinical setting to investing the impact of environmental, genetic, life style and socioeconomic conditions on DNA. However, the evaluation of mutagenic damage among young population had not been studied and early intervention in this population can prevent several health comorbidities. Thus, the present study aimed in investigate the MN presence in young adults and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study, composed by 155 young adults (between 18 to < 30-year-old) of both sexes. The socioeconomic and life style data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Oral exfoliated cells were collected to evaluate the frequency of MN cells. Socioeconomic conditions and life style factors were not associated with the presence of MN. Twenty percent of the participants reported some chronic noncommunicable disease and almost twelve percent reports continued use of medication, both variables present a risk factor to prevalence of MN. Although mutagenesis is a process generally more related to older individuals, this study highlights the importance of monitored DNA damage between young adults and promote healthy habits to prevent the development and worse prognosis of chronic non-transmissible diseases and the consequent use of drugs.
Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019
Authors: Fatahi Ladan , Soleymani Zar Mohammad ,   Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed
Comparison of Feeding Behaviors in Term and Preterm Infants at Six Months Corrected Age
Authors:   Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Gholamiyan Arefi Mohadese , Shahouzaei Nasrin ,   MSc student of speech and language pathology, Department of Speech Therapy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Esmaeili Zahra ,   Speech and language pathologist, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Abedini Aliye ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: This study compares feeding behaviors and problems of in term Infants and preterm infants at 6 months corrected age. Subjects and Methods The study was of observational-sectional type (descriptive and analytic) and sampling was one-step cluster probability of the available population in the form of the whole number. Feeding behaviors of 90 infants, including 60 term infants and 30 preterm infants, were assessed by speech and language pathologists through interviews with parents and recorded in a questionnaire. The information in this questionnaire includes feeding behaviors, feeding problems, feeding period, infant weight at 2, 4, 6 months and the age of the child to start complementary feeding, SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data. In all the present study, P-value less than 5% was considered as a significant level. Results The results showed that the two groups were significantly different in the mean score of feeding behavior (P= 0.001), feeding problems (P= 0.047) and weight gain (P<0.001). While in feeding duration (P= 0.53) and Frequency of feeding (P= 0.1) there was no significant difference. Of the 90 infants studied, more than 80% of them started feeding in the form of puree in the age group of 4-6 months. Conclusion Premature infants have more feeding problems and less weight gain than normal infants. It is recommended that the speech and language pathologist evaluate and intervene appropriately for oral skills and nutrition of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Effect of Interval Swimming Training on Iron Storage and Hepcidin Level in Adolescent Boys Aged 13-15 Years Old
Authors:   epartment of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran, Talebifard Hamid , Saiiari Abdulamir ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran, Moslehi Motahareh ,   Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran, Asgharpour Habib ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: Iron has a substantial role in growth of children. Regarding importance of iron metabolism and the role of hepcidin in this process, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a single period of interval swimming exercise on iron storage content and plasma hepcidin level in adolescent boys. Subjects and Methods In present semi-experimental study, 30 swimmers were selected by targeted sampling, and randomly allocated into two groups (each with 15 members) of swimming interval training (13.70±0.70) and control (13.75±0.88). Training protocol included eight weeks of interval swimming exercise, three sessions (50-60 minutes) per week of swimming interval training with 60-80% heart rate reserved, and rest to training ratio 1:1. Fasting blood sampling was performed in pre-test and post-test. Paired and independent t tests were used for data analysis at significant level of P≤0.05. Results After eight weeks of training, a significant reduction was found in levels of hemoglobin (P=0.001), serum iron (P=0.008) and ferritin (P=0.012, while hepcidin level (P=0.040) showed a significant increase respective to control group. Conclusion Considering our results, eight weeks of interval swimming exercise can reduce iron storages (in physiologic levels) and increase plasma hepcidin in adolescent boys.
PREDIKSI TINGKAT KEKERUHAN (TURBIDITAS) MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT SENTINEL-2A DI WADUK JATILUHUR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rahman Arip , Astuti Lismining Pujiyani , Warsa Andri , Sentosa Agus Arifin
Published: November 2021

Turbidity is one of the remote sensing indicators on theÂ  reservoir physical characteristics that can reduce its brightness level. Measuring reservoir physical characteristics traditionally are expensive and time consuming as well. Therefore, remote sensing is used as an alternative for turbidity measurement because it can provide data and products spatially, temporally as well as synoptically with low cost. This study aims to obtain an algorithm using a combination of in-situ turbidity data measurement and Sentinel-2A satellite imagery data. The resulting algorithm can be used to predict and map turbidity in Jatiluhur Reservoir. Based on the multiregression between B3 (green band) and B4 (red band) with in-situ turbidity data measurement, it is obtainted that the regression coefficients are a = 76.77, b = 63.22 and c = -34.31 respectively, with the equation of Y = 76, 77+63.22 X1-34.31X2 (Y=predicted turbidity, X1=lnB3, X2=lnB4). The correlation value between in situ and turbidity prediction is quite strong with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.60, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.95 NTU. Based on Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) analysis, the deviation is 31.1%. High levels of turbidity can reduce the main productivity of water and its organisms, especially in respiratory and visual problems. Sedimentation caused by high turbidity levels can make siltation which results in reservoir capacity loss.Keywords: Turbidity, remote sensing, Sentinel-2A satellite imagery data, Jatiluhur Reservoir, siltation
STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF Tl3AsS4 IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources of the Nakhchivan Branch of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Imanov H.A. , Huseynov G.M. ,   Institute of Natural Resources of the Nakhchivan Branch of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of obtaining thallium thioarsenate in ethylene glycol medium and physicochemical analysis methods (XRD, DTG, TG and SEM). It was found that when ethylene glycol is used as a solvent and TlNO3 and As2S5 as the initial component, thallium thioarsenate is obtained at 353 K temperature. Thallium thioarsenate is formed by the interaction of TlNO3 and As2S5 at a ratio of 4:15 mol. After the compound was obtained at a temperature of 353 K (pH = 7-8), thermally processed at a temperature of 523-543 K, the melting point of the thallium thioarsenate sample has been 683 K. According to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, at temperatures above 733 K thallium thioarsenate decomposes in nitrogen gas environment. The micromorphology of the Tl3AsS4 compound obtained in the ethylene glycol medium was studied and it was determined that nanoparticles of the Tl3AsS4 compound are formed at a temperature of 353 K.
SYNTHESIS OF 1-(P-VINYLPHENYL)-2- DIETHYLAMINOMETHYLCYCLOPROPANE AND ITS RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Sadygova A.I. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of ANAS
Published: November 2021

The radical copolymerization of 1-(p-vinylphenyl)-2-diethylaminomethylcyclopropane with methyl methacrylate was carried out and some regularities of the process examined. Values of constants of relative activity of monomers were determined and Q-e parameters calculated on Alfrey and Price. Copolymerization constants of this compound (r1) with methyl methacrylate (r2), calculated on the FinemanRoss method, are as follows: r1 = 0.95, r2 = 0.33, Q and e parameter values: Q1 = 1.80, e1 = -0.72, respectively. The photochemical structuring of the copolymer was studied. It was established that the obtained copolymer has a sufficiently high biomedical activity which opens up the possibility of its using as bactericides and fungicides
ADDUCTS OF SUBSTITUTED VINYLOXYCYCLOPRFOPANES WITH THIOLS AS THERMOSTABILIZERS OF PVC
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Shahnazarli R.Z.
Published: November 2021

The compositions on the basis of PVC, containing dioctyl phthalate as a plasticizer, complex thermal stabilizers – calcium and zinc stearates and adducts of thiophenol and ethanedithiol with gemdiglycidyloxymethylsubstituted cyclopropylvinyl ether as co-stabilizers and biocidal additives were developed. Thermal properties of the developed compositions were investigated and the influence of the synthesized sulfur-containing adducts on the thermal stability and color change of the compositions studied. The tests were carried out to reveal the antifungal activity of adducts in the structure of PVC compositions. It found that the chemical structure of adducts after introduction into the structure of compositions was not essentially changed. The compositions with the participation of adducts as co-stabilizers acquired improved indices on thermal stability, color stability and antifungal activity.
"Cuita grand'e cuidado" (A 32) / "Coita grand'e coydado" (B 174) estratigrafía da variación lingüística nos cancioneiros trobadorescos
Authors: Monteagudo Henrique
Published: November 2021

No presente contributo analizamos un abano de variantes scriptolingüísticas dos Cancioneiros da Ajuda (A) e da Biblioteca Nacional (B), concentradas no sector inicial de ambos os cancioneiros: nullo, nulla e oer- oera- oesse (en B); vus / v9, vusco- convusco, cuitar- cuita e coidar- coidado (en A). No ronsel do traballo de Maria Ana Ramos, a nosa análise detense fundamentalmente nas dúas últimas variantes (cuita e coidar), que son postas en relación con outras variables codicolóxicas do mesmo cancioneiro —en particular a ausencia / presenza de pauta musical nas findas—, e mais cos trazos lingüísticos galegos da Recolla dos trobadores (especialmente na obra de Johan Soarez Coello), compilación previa a A conxecturada por António Resende de Oliveira. Mostramos que a distribución das variantes cuita e coidar, contemplada no cadro de conxunto das demais e á luz da comparanza coa distribución das rexistradas en B, permite identificar substratos scriptolingüísticos que consideramos correspondentes a hipotéticos antecedentes homográficos do Cancioneiro da Ajuda, botando nova luz sobre a cuestión das fontes deste cancioneiro, isto é, sobre a (proto-)tradición manuscrita da lírica trobadoresca galego-portuguesa.
'gramática' da obra narrativa de Castelao
Authors: García Negro María Pilar
Published: November 2021

Na presente conferencia estúdase a obra narrativa de Castelao no contexto do Segundo Renacemento da literatura galega e no seo da produción do autor, que toca varias cordas artísticas, intelectuais e políticas. A obra toda de Castelao fai certo o principio da “soberanía estética da nazón galega” proclamado na I Asemblea Nacionalista de Lugo (1918) e, en concreto, a narrativa afíliase á renovación da prosa literaria que alimentou a Xeración do 16 ou das Irmandades da Fala. Na caracterización desta obra de Castelao, valémonos de categorías gramaticais (morfoloxía, sintaxe, semántica) para iluminarmos os signos definitorios principais dos seus relatos e novelas, subliñándomos o papel da arte simbiótica en que este autor foi mestre. Concluímos que se trata dunha obra −en coherencia co espírito e a intención xeral de toda a produción castelaniana− que serve á ansia de representación digna da Galiza que define o pensamento e a actuación nacionalistas da primeira metade do XX.
Nuevos documentos relativos al asesinato de la abuela materna de doña Emilia Pardo Bazán
Authors: Caridad Martínez Jacobo Manuel , Barreiro Fernández Xosé Ramón , Axeitos Valiño Ricardo , Carballal Miñan Patricia
Published: November 2021

Damos a conocer nueve documentos desconocidos hasta el momento, cedidos por Carlos de Odriozola, que arrojan nuevos datos sobre el espinoso episodio del asesinato de la abuela paterna de Emilia Pardo Bazán, Joaquina Mosquera, y el posterior suicidio de su segundo marido y asesino, Juan Rey Perfume, tal y como explicamos en un artículo previo del número 8 de la revista La Tribuna. Se trata de cartas y testimonios que amplían la perspectiva, sobre todo la del padre de doña Emilia, acerca de los hechos narrados y documentados en dicho artículo.
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DAN KOMPETENSI GURU TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP REPUTASI SEKOLAH
Authors:   Universitas Sangga Buana, Widayati Widayati , Kosasih Kosasih ,   Universitas Sangga Buana, Widyanti Theresia ,   Universitas Sangga Buana
Published: November 2021

Motivasi belajar siswa dan kompetensi guru merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam sebuah proses pembelajaran karena hal tersebut dapat secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung mempengaruhi hasil belajar dan dapat berdampak pada reputasi sekolah. Riset ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa, kompetensi guru, hasil belajar dan reputasi sekolah, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa, kompetensi guru terhadap hasil belajar dan implikasinya pada reputasi sekolah di SMK Negeri 5 Bandung baik secara parsial dan secara bersama-sama. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif verifikatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada para guru di lingkungan SMK Negeri 5 Bandung. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisis jalur, pengujian korelasi, pengujian koefisien determinasi dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa tanggapan mengenai motivasi belajar siswa telah berada pada kategori sangat baik, kompetensi guru berada pada kategori sangat baik, hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa berada pada nilai yang sangat baik dan reputasi sekolah pun berada pada kategori baik. Kemudian motivasi belajar siswa dan kompetensi guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar dan terhadap reputasi sekolah secara simultan, dan hasil belajar memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reputasi sekolah di SMK Negeri 5 Bandung. Hasil belajar atau produk siswanya berkualitas dengan didukung motivasi belajar siswa dan kompetensi guru yang berkualitas maka akan sangat berpengaruh besar pula terhadap prestasi atau reputasi sekolah.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN CV.HEARTWARMER ACCSSESORIES & GIFTS
Authors:   Universitas Sangga Buana, Mone Herina D. Riwu , Nuryadin Rusmin ,   Universitas Sangga Buana
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan usaha atau bisnis sangat meningkat salah satunya adalah bisnis aksesoris yang sedang mengalami pertumbuhan cukup signifikan. Pada era globalisasi ini pasti banyak pelaku bisnis yang memanfaatkan peluang ini, seperti CV.Heartwarmer Accssesories & Gifts. untuk menghadapi persaingan, pelaku bisnis ini harus bekerja keras dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk dan efisiensi pelayanan perusahaan yang didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang kompeten. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan banyaknya karyawan yang seringkali mengalami stress kerja dan tidak pahamnya perusahaan akan kebutuhan karyawan dalam meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di CV.Heartwarmer Accssesories & Gifts, Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 91 responden sebagai sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara deskriptif motivasi kerja yang rendah yang dipengaruhi oleh kompensasi yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah dan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yang tidak diterapkan dengan tepat kepada karyawan. Adapun secara verifikatif menunjukan bahwa kompensasi dan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU MELALUI PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH (STUDI SURVEY PADA SMPN I PEGADEN SUBANG)
Authors:   Universitas Sangga Buana, Mulyani Sri Rochani , Paramarta Vip ,   Universitas Sangga Buana, Sumartini Narwati ,   Universitas Sangga Buana
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui profesionalisme guru dan kontribusi peranan Kepala Sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan obyek penelitian di SMPN I Pegaden Kabupaten Subang dan sumber wawancara diperoleh dari beberapa informan diantara nya kepala sekolah, guru, pegawai tata usaha, siswa, orang tua siswa, didukung expert judgement dari Kepala Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Kabupaten Subang, Sekretaris Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Kabupaten Subang, Korwas dan Pembina SMP Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Kabupaten Subang, jugaTokoh Masyarakat pengamat pendidikan. Analisis data hasil wawancara menggunakan software NVIVO pro12. Adapun hasil wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kepala Sekolah telah melaksanakan kewajibannya, baik dari pendekatan POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling), maupum melalui pendekatan peran Emaslim” (Edukator, Manajer, Administrator, Supervisor, Leader, Inovator, dan Motivator). Sedangkan Profesionalis Guru, menunjukkan kompetensi pedogogik Guru lebih dominan, dibanding kompetensi kepribadian, professional dan sosial. Hasil analisis dari NVivo pro12 For windows dengan metode clustered by Coding Similarity. Keseluruhan hasil informan menyebar pada berbagai titik, posisi titik tentunya akan memberikan informasi bahwa peran Kepala Sekolah sebagai Educator, motivator, Inovator, lebih menonjol, dibandingkan dengan peran sebagai Leader, Supervisor, Entrepreneur dan Manajer. Sedangkan hasil grafik dari informan, menunjukkan Profesionalisme Guru, lebih kuat pada kompetensi pedagogik. Dengan demikian kompetensi kepribadian, profesional dan sosial, harus lebih ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan ilmiah dan kegiatan lainnya yang terstruktur dan terukur.
MEMBANGUN REPUTASI SEKOLAH MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA DI SMP NEGERI 4 KALIJATI SUBANG
Authors:   Universitas Sangga Buana, Mulyani Sri Rochani , Paramarta Vip ,   Universitas Sangga Buana, Herlina Nina ,   Universitas Sangga Buana
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan pembelajaran seni budaya yang dilakukan di SMPN 4 Kalijati Subang, apakah dapat meningkatkan reputasi sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan instrumen wawancara mendalam dari beberapa informan yaitu Kepala Sekolah, Guru, Staf Tata Usaha, Siswa, Orang Tua. Didukung pula dengan pendapat para ahli antara lain Kepala Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Subang, Pengawas Sekolah Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Subang dan Sanggar Tari Bale Kiwari. Teknik analisis data informan menggunakan software NVIVO pro12. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan pembelajaran seni budaya dapat meningkatkan nama baik sekolah, dengan meningkatkan infrastruktur dan kualitas guru seni budaya dan kerjasama dengan sanggar seni, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan prestasi di bidang seni budaya.