bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSTWFC3/Grism observations of the candidate ultra-high-redshift radio galaxy GLEAM J0917–0012
Authors: Seymour N. , Drouart G. , Noirot G. , Broderick J. W. , Turner R. J. , Shabala S. S. , Stern D. K. , Bellstedt S. , Driver S. , Davies L. , De Breuck C. A. , Afonso J. A. , Vernet J. D. R. , Galvin T. J.
Published: April 2022

We presentHubble Space TelescopeWide Field Camera 3 photometric and grism observations of the candidate ultra-high-redshift ($z>7$) radio galaxy, GLEAM J0917–0012. This radio source was selected due to the curvature in its 70–230 MHz, low-frequency Murchison Widefield Array radio spectrum and its faintness inK-band. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of this source with the Jansky Very Large Array and Atacama Large Millimetre Array were inconclusive as to its redshift. Our F105W and F0986M imaging observations detect the host of GLEAM J0917–0012 and a companion galaxy,$\sim$one arcsec away. The G102 grism observations reveal a single weak line in each of the spectra of the host and the companion. To help identify these lines we utilised several photometric redshift techniques including template fitting to the grism spectra, fitting the ultraviolet (UV)-to-radio photometry with galaxy templates plus a synchrotron model, fitting of the UV-to-near-infrared photometry withEAZY, and fitting the radio data alone withRAiSERed. For the host of GLEAM J0917–0012 we find a line at$1.12\,\mu$m and the UV-to-radio spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting favours solutions at$z\sim 2$or$z\sim 8$. While this fitting shows a weak preference for the lower redshift solution, the models from the higher redshift solution are more consistent with the strength of the spectral line. The redshift constraint byRAiSERedof$>6.5$also supports the interpretation that this line could be Lyman$-\alpha$at$z=8.21$; howeverEAZYfavours the$z\sim 2$solution. We discuss the implications of both solutions. For the companion galaxy we find a line at$0.98\,\mu$m and the SED fitting favours solutions at$z<3$implying that the line could be the [OII]$\lambda3727$doublet at$z=1.63$(although theEAZYsolution is$z\sim 2.6\pm 0.5$). Further observations are still required to unambiguously determine the redshift of this intriguing candidate ultra-high-redshift radio galaxy.
Psychosis and substance abuse increase the COVID-19 mortality risk
Authors: Catalan Ana , Aymerich Claudia , Bilbao Amaia , Pedruzo Borja , Pérez José Luis , Aranguren Nerea , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Hedges Emily , Gil Patxi , Segarra Rafael , González-Pinto Ana , Fernández-Rivas Aranzazu , Inchausti Lucía , McGuire Philip , Fusar-Poli Paolo , González-Torres Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global challenge. High mortality rates have been reported in some risk groups, including patients with pre-existing mental disorders.

Methods

We used electronic health records to retrospectively identify people infected due to COVID-19 (between March 2020 and March 2021) in the three territories of the Basque Country. COVID-19 cases were defined as individuals who had tested positive on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and multilevel analyses with generalized estimated equations were used to determine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospital admission.

Results

The COVID-19 mortality rate was increased for patients with psychotic disorders [odds ratio (OR) adjusted: 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09–1.94), p = 0.0114] and patients with substance abuse [OR adjusted: 1.88, 95% CI (1.13–3.14, p < 0.0152)]. The mortality rate was lower for patients with affective disorders [OR adjusted: 0.80, 95% CI (0.61–0.99), p = 0.0407]. Hospital admission rates due to COVID-19 were higher in psychosis [OR adjusted: 2.90, 95% CI (2.36–3.56), p < 0.0001] and anxiety disorder groups [OR adjusted: 1.54, 95% CI (1.37–1.72), p < 0.0001]. Among admitted patients, COVID-19 mortality rate was decreased for those with affective disorders rate [OR adjusted: 0.72, 95% CI (0.55–0.95), p = 0.0194].

Conclusions

COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalizations rates were higher for patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
BACKWARD CUSUM FOR TESTING AND MONITORING STRUCTURAL CHANGE WITH AN APPLICATION TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC DATA
Authors: Otto Sven , Breitung Jörg
Published: April 2022

It is well known that the conventional cumulative sum (CUSUM) test suffers from low power and large detection delay. In order to improve the power of the test, we propose two alternative statistics. The backward CUSUM detector considers the recursive residuals in reverse chronological order, whereas the stacked backward CUSUM detector sequentially cumulates a triangular array of backwardly cumulated residuals. A multivariate invariance principle for partial sums of recursive residuals is given, and the limiting distributions of the test statistics are derived under local alternatives. In the retrospective context, the local power of the tests is shown to be substantially higher than that of the conventional CUSUM test if a break occurs in the middle or at the end of the sample. When applied to monitoring schemes, the detection delay of the stacked backward CUSUM is found to be much shorter than that of the conventional monitoring CUSUM procedure. Furthermore, we propose an estimator of the break date based on the backward CUSUM detector and show that in monitoring exercises this estimator tends to outperform the usual maximum likelihood estimator. Finally, an application of the methodology to COVID-19 data is presented.
Bisimulation as a logical relation
Authors: Hermida Claudio , Reddy Uday , Robinson Edmund , Santamaria Alessio
Published: April 2022

We investigate how various forms of bisimulation can be characterised using the technology of logical relations. The approach taken is that each form of bisimulation corresponds to an algebraic structure derived from a transition system, and the general result is that a relation R between two transition systems on state spaces S and T is a bisimulation if and only if the derived algebraic structures are in the logical relation automatically generated from R. We show that this approach works for the original Park–Milner bisimulation and that it extends to weak bisimulation, and branching and semi-branching bisimulation. The paper concludes with a discussion of probabilistic bisimulation, where the situation is slightly more complex, partly owing to the need to encompass bisimulations that are not just relations.
Immunisation rates and predictors of undervaccination in infants with CHD
Authors: Murray Ann M. , Lee Grace M. , Brown David W. , Saia Theresa A. , Gongwer Russell , Nakamura Mari M.
Published: April 2022

Vaccination coverage for infants with CHD is unknown, yet these patients are at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable illnesses. We determined vaccination rates for this population and identified predictors of undervaccination. We prospectively enrolled infants with CHD born between 1 January, 2012 and 31 December, 2015, seen in a single-centre cardiology clinic between 15 February, 2016 and 28 February, 2017. We assessed vaccination during the first year of life. Subjects who by age 1 year received all routine immunisations recommended during the first 6 months of life were considered fully vaccinated. We also evaluated influenza vaccination during subjects’ first eligible influenza season. We obtained immunisation histories from primary care providers and collected demographic and clinical data via a parent survey and chart review. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of undervaccination. Among 260 subjects, only 60% were fully vaccinated. Vaccination rates were lowest for influenza (64.6%), rotavirus (71.1%), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (79.3%). Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass during the first year of life was associated with undervaccination (51.5% versus 76.4% fully vaccinated, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.1–3.9]). Other predictors of undervaccination were out-of-state primary care (adjusted odds ratio 2.7 [1.5–4.9]), multiple comorbidities (≥2 versus 0–1, adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [1.1–3.6]), and hospitalisation for >25% of the first year of life (>25% versus ≤25%, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [1.1–3.9]). Targeted quality improvement initiatives focused on improving vaccination coverage for these infants, especially surrounding cardiac surgery, are needed.
Future Population Exposure to Daytime and Nighttime Heat Waves in South Asia
Authors: Ullah Safi , You Qinglong , Chen Deliang , Sachindra D. A. , AghaKouchak Amir , Kang Shichang , Li Mingcai , Zhai Panmao , Ullah Waheed
Published: April 2022

Climate change is expected to result in more frequent and intense heat waves (HWs) in South Asia (SA). The simultaneous increases in temperature and population will exacerbate the population exposure to future HWs. Here we estimate the future population exposure to daytime and nighttime HWs in SA using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) during 2061–2100, relative to 1975–2014. The results show that the projected frequency and spatial extent of the daytime (nighttime) HWs will be higher under scenario SSP5‐8.5, followed by SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP1‐2.6 (SSP5‐8.5, followed by SSP3‐7.0, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP1‐2.6), relative to the historical period. The approach presented here allows decomposing the effects of climate change and future population on the overall exposure. The results reveal that the compounding effects of projected trends in population and HWs will significantly escalate the population exposure to HWs. Under the selected SSPs, the total population exposure to daytime and nighttime HWs ranges from 185 to 492 and 204–555 million people‐event, respectively, with the maximum exposure occurring in the Indo‐Gigantic Plain. The wide range of exposed populations highlights the sensitivity of the overall exposure to our future socioeconomic pathway decisions, emphasizing the importance of curbing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and adopting sustainable urban planning solutions to minimize the potential socioeconomic and health impacts of HWs.
Evidence for Gravity Waves in the Thermosphere of Saturn and Implications for Global Circulation
Authors: Brown Zarah L. , Medvedev Alexander S. , Starichenko Ekaterina D. , Koskinen Tommi T. , Müller‐Wodarg Ingo C. F.
Published: April 2022

Gravity wave (GW) signatures have been derived from temperature profiles observed by Cassini/Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph in the Saturnian thermosphere during the Grand Finale campaign. They demonstrate upward propagation of GW packets, their saturation, and breaking. We determined wave amplitudes, potential energy, and momentum fluxes and estimated the associated wave drag imposed by dissipating harmonics on the ambient flow. The data set of 18 profiles covers the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres, which allows for exploring the global impact of waves. The diagnostics based on the Transformed Eulerian Mean and modified geostrophy approach reveal that the GW drag induces an equatorward flow in both hemispheres, facilitating transport of heat away from the auroral zones and redistributing energy across latitudes. Like all the outer planets, Saturn's thermosphere is hundreds of degrees hotter than what follows from radiative balance and these results help to explain the observed temperatures at all latitudes.
Subduction Erosion Revealed by Late Mesozoic Magmatism in the Gangdese Arc, South Tibet
Authors: Huang Tong‐Yu , Wang Qiang , Wyman Derek A. , Ma Lin , Tang Gong‐Jian , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Dong Han
Published: April 2022

Subduction of oceanic lithosphere can cause crustal growth and destruction, but whether this balancing act is common in a single fossil convergent system has been unclear. Here we report geochronologic‐geochemical‐isotopic data on Mesozoic igneous rocks in the central‐eastern Gangdese arc. Our results reveal: (a) A coupling of magmatic arc migration toward the continent interior with a marked incompatible enrichment of sub‐arc mantle magma sources; (b) numerous Late Cretaceous adakites were generated via combined partial melting of both eroded forearc crust debris and subducted oceanic crust; (c) the truncation of forearc crust and extremely short arc‐suture distance. Our work demonstrates that although there was significant vertical growth of juvenile crust throughout the Gangdese arc during the Late Mesozoic, a large amount of continental crust was returned back into the mantle through lateral subduction erosion at the same time. This study provides important insights into long‐term material recycling on Earth.
A Model Intercomparison Analysis for Controls on C Accumulation in North American Peatlands
Authors: Zhao Bailu , Zhuang Qianlai , Treat Claire , Frolking Steve
Published: April 2022

Peatland biogeochemical processes have not been adequately represented in existing earth system models, which might have biased the quantification of Arctic carbon‐climate feedbacks. We revise the Peatland Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (PTEM) by incorporating additional peatland biogeochemical processes. The revised PTEM is evaluated by comparing with Holocene Peatland Model (HPM) in simulating peat physical and biogeochemical dynamics in three North American peatlands: a permafrost‐free fen site, a permafrost‐free bog site and a permafrost bog site. Peatland carbon dynamics are simulated from peat initiation to 1990 and then to year 2300. Model responses to the changes in temperature and precipitation are analyzed to identify key processes affecting peatland carbon accumulation rates. We find that the net C balance is sensitive to water table depth and nutrient availability. Future simulations to year 2300 are conducted with both models under RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5. PTEM predicts these peatlands to be C sources or weaker C sinks when insufficient precipitation suppresses soil moisture and thereby net N mineralization and net primary production, while HPM predicts the same when drier climate leads to increasing water table depth. Our results highlight the importance of water balance and C‐N feedback on peatland C dynamics. With a warmer climate, these peatlands could become a weaker C sink or a source under drier conditions, otherwise a larger C sink if wetter. Improved understanding to peatland processes can help future quantification of peatland C dynamics in the boreal and Arctic regions.
A Puzzle Mat for Assembling Colombia’s Geologic History
Authors: Ortiz-Guerrero Carolina
Published: April 2022

A new database compiles all the available pieces of information about Colombia’s geochronology, offering scientists a consistent framework in which to view and study the data in a broader context.
Complexity in the Evolution, Composition, and Spectroscopy of Brown Carbon in Aircraft Measurements of Wildfire Plumes
Authors: Washenfelder R. A. , Azzarello L. , Ball K. , Brown S. S. , Decker Z. C. J. , Franchin A. , Fredrickson C. D. , Hayden K. , Holmes C. D. , Middlebrook A. M. , Palm B. B. , Pierce R. B. , Price D. J. , Roberts J. M. , Robinson M. A. , Thornton J. A. , Womack C. C. , Young C. J.
Published: April 2022

Biomass burning is a major source of light‐absorbing organic aerosol (brown carbon), but its composition, chemical evolution, and lifetime are not well known. We measured water‐soluble brown carbon absorption from 310 to 500 nm on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Twin Otter aircraft during flights downwind of western United States wildfires in summer 2019. The sampling strategy was near‐Lagrangian and the plume ages spanned 0–5 hr. Trends in brown carbon mass absorption coefficient with plume age varied between flights, and did not show an exponential decay over these short time scales. The measured absorption spectra were smoothly varying, without identifiable contributions from individual chromophores with structured absorption. Using aerosol tracer ions and reference absorption spectra, the calculated contribution of 4‐nitrocatechol to total absorption was <22 ± 9% and <11 ± 5%, although spectral fitting showed that it may be as low as <1.1% and <0.6% at 365 and 405 nm, respectively.
Letter of Appreciation to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Desai Ankur R. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Huntzinger Deborah
Published: April 2022

The editorial team at JGR: Biogeosciences extends thanks to the 2021 reviewers who offered their time and expertise to help us make decisions and improve papers.
Dynamic synovial fibroblasts are modulated by NBCn1 as a potential target in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ji Minjeong , Ryu Hee Jung , Baek Hyeon-Man , Shin Dong Min , Hong Jeong Hee
Published: April 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by aggressive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and pannus formation. Various therapeutic strategies have been developed against inflammatory cytokines in RA in recent decades. Based on the migratory features of FLSs, we examined whether modulation of the migratory module attenuates RA severity. In this study, inflamed synovial fluid-stimulated FLSs exhibited enhanced migration and migratory apparatus expression, and sodium bicarbonate cotransporter n1 (NBCn1) was identified in primary cultured RA-FLSs for the first time. The NBC inhibitor S0859 attenuated the migration of FLSs induced with synovial fluid from patients with RA or with TNF-α stimulation. Inhibition of NBCs with S0859 in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model reduced joint swelling and destruction without blood, hepatic, or renal toxicity. Primary FLSs isolated from the CIA-induced mouse model also showed reduced migration in the presence of S0859. Our results suggest that inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, including TNF-α, recruit NBCn1 to the plasma membrane of FLSs to provide dynamic properties and that modulation of NBCn1 could be developed into a therapeutic strategy for RA.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived extracellular vesicles affect quiescence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Georgievski Aleksandra , Michel Anaïs , Thomas Charles , Mlamla Zandile , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Lemaire-Ewing Stéphanie , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: April 2022

Patient-derived xenografted (PDX) models were generated through the transplantation of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells into immunodeficient NSG mice. We observed that ALL cells from mouse bone marrow (BM) produced extracellular vesicles (EVs) with specific expression of inducible heat shock protein HSP70, which is commonly activated in cancer cells. Taking advantage of this specific expression, we designed a strategy to generate fluorescent HSP70-labeled ALL EVs and monitor the impact of these EVs on endogenous murine BM cells ex vivo and in vivo. We discovered that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) were mainly targeted by ALL EVs, affecting their quiescence and maintenance in the murine BM environment. Investigations revealed that ALL EVs were enriched in cholesterol and other metabolites that contribute to promote the mitochondrial function in targeted HSPC. Furthermore, using CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood, we confirmed that ALL EVs can modify quiescence of human HSPC. In conclusion, we have discovered a new oncogenic mechanism illustrating how EVs produced by proliferative ALL cells can target and compromise a healthy hematopoiesis system during leukemia development.
The brainstem connectome database
Authors: Schmitt Oliver , Eipert Peter , Ruß Frauke , Beier Julia , Kadir Kanar , Horn Anja
Published: April 2022

Connectivity data of the nervous system and subdivisions, such as the brainstem, cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei, are necessary to understand connectional structures, predict effects of connectional disorders and simulate network dynamics. For that purpose, a database was built and analyzed which comprises all known directed and weighted connections within the rat brainstem. A longterm metastudy of original research publications describing tract tracing results form the foundation of the brainstem connectome (BC) database which can be analyzed directly in the framework neuroVIISAS. The BC database can be accessed directly by connectivity tables, a web-based tool and the framework. Analysis of global and local network properties, a motif analysis, and a community analysis of the brainstem connectome provides insight into its network organization. For example, we found that BC is a scale-free network with a small-world connectivity. The Louvain modularity and weighted stochastic block matching resulted in partially matching of functions and connectivity. BC modeling was performed to demonstrate signal propagation through the somatosensory pathway which is affected in Multiple sclerosis.
A multi-million image Serial Femtosecond Crystallography dataset collected at the European XFEL
Authors: Kirkwood Henry J. , de Wijn Raphael , Mills Grant , Letrun Romain , Kloos Marco , Vakili Mohammad , Karnevskiy Mikhail , Ahmed Karim , Bean Richard J. , Bielecki Johan , Dall’Antonia Fabio , Kim Yoonhee , Kim Chan , Koliyadu Jayanath , Round Adam , Sato Tokushi , Sikorski Marcin , Vagovič Patrik , Sztuk-Dambietz Jolanta , Mancuso Adrian P.
Published: April 2022

Serial femtosecond crystallography is a rapidly developing method for determining the structure of biomolecules for samples which have proven challenging with conventional X-ray crystallography, such as for membrane proteins and microcrystals, or for time-resolved studies. The European XFEL, the first high repetition rate hard X-ray free electron laser, provides the ability to record diffraction data at more than an order of magnitude faster than previously achievable, putting increased demand on sample delivery and data processing. This work describes a publicly available serial femtosecond crystallography dataset collected at the SPB/SFX instrument at the European XFEL. This dataset contains information suitable for algorithmic development for detector calibration, image classification and structure determination, as well as testing and training for future users of the European XFEL and other XFELs.
Parallel gold enhancement of quantum dots 565/655 for double-labelling correlative light and electron microscopy on human autopsied samples
Authors: Uematsu Miho , Mikami Kyohei , Nakamura Ayako , Takahashi Ryosuke , Yokota Takanori , Hirokawa Katsuiku , Uchihara Toshiki
Published: April 2022

Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent and electron-dense nanoparticles. When used as reporter of immunolabeling, this dual visibility is essential for direct comparison of its fluorescent signals on light microscopy (LM) and their ultrastructrual counterparts on electron microscopy (EM) as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). To facilitate EM recognition, QDs on EM grid were gold enhanced, which increased their size and electron density. On histological sections as well, gold-enhanced QDs, used as a reporter of immunolabeling, were easily recognized on EM. Because target structures are visible on bright field microscopy, gold enhancement facilitated trimming the target structures into final EM sections. Furthermore, gold enhancement of rod-shaped QD655 on EM grid was accentuated on their tips while spherical QD565 was gold-enhanced as sphere in contrast. This EM distinction was evident on histological sections where QD565 (green fluorescence) and QD655 (red fluorescence) were used as a reporter pair for double immunolabeling. Double-labeled immuno-fluorescent images, initially captured before EM processing, are now compared with their respective immuno EM counterparts. Specific labeling of each epitope was corroborated by mutual comparison between LM and EM. Although fluoronanogold may be a candidate reporter partner with QDs for gold-enhanced, double-labeling CLEM, its limited penetration into fixed tissue hampers universal use for thick histological sections. Gold-enhancement of QD immunolabeling, now expanded to double-labeling CLEM for human brain samples, will pave the way to translate molecular events into ultrastructural morphopathogenesis in situ.
High genomic diversity in the endangered East Greenland Svalbard Barents Sea stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: Cerca José , Westbury Michael V. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Kovacs Kit M. , Lorenzen Eline D. , Lydersen Christian , Shpak Olga V. , Wiig Øystein , Bachmann Lutz
Published: April 2022

The East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (EGSB) bowhead whale stock (Balaena mysticetus) was hunted to near extinction and remainsEndangeredon the International Union of Conservation of Nature Red List. The intense, temporally extensive hunting pressure may have left the population vulnerable to other perturbations, such as environmental change. However, the lack of genomic baseline data renders it difficult to evaluate the impacts of various potential stressors on this stock. Twelve EGSB bowhead whales sampled in 2017/2018 were re-sequenced and mapped to a previously published draft genome. All individuals were unrelated and void of significant signs of inbreeding, with similar observed and expected homo- and heterozygosity levels. Despite the small population size, mean autosome-wide heterozygosity was 0.00102, which is higher than that of most mammals for which comparable estimates are calculated using the same parameters, and three times higher than a conspecific individual from the Eastern-Canada-West-Greenland bowhead whale stock. Demographic history analyses indicated a continual decrease ofNefrom ca. 1.5 million to ca. 250,000 years ago, followed by a slight increase until ca. 100,000 years ago, followed by a rapid decrease inNebetween 50,000 and 10,000 years ago. These estimates are lower than previously suggested based on mitochondrial DNA, but suggested demographic patterns over time are similar.
Acute and long-term effects of cannabinoids on hypertension and kidney injury
Authors: Golosova Daria , Levchenko Vladislav , Kravtsova Olha , Palygin Oleg , Staruschenko Alexander
Published: April 2022

Cannabinoids and their endogenous and synthetic analogs impact blood pressure and contribute to the incidence of hypertension. It was previously reported that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in developing hypertension; however, it was also shown that cannabinoids elicit profound hypotension associated with hemorrhagic, cardiogenic, and endotoxic shock. This study aimed to test acute and chronic effects of an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptor anandamide (AEA) on blood pressure and kidney injury in vivo in conscious Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. We demonstrated that acute i.v. bolus administration of a low or a high doses (0.05 or 3 mg/kg) of AEA did not affect blood pressure for 2 h after the injection in Dahl SS rats fed a normal salt diet (0.4% NaCl). Neither low nor high doses of AEA had any beneficial effects on blood pressure or kidney function. Furthermore, hypertensive rats fed a HS diet (8% NaCl) and chronically treated with 3 mg/kg of AEA exhibited a significant increase in blood pressure accompanied by increased renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular damage at the late stage of hypertension. Western blot analyses revealed increased expression of Smad3 protein levels in the kidney cortex in response to chronic treatment with a high AEA dose. Therefore, TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in kidney injury in SS hypertension during chronic treatment with AEA. Collectively, these data indicate that prolonged stimulation of cannabinoid receptors may result in aggravation of hypertension and kidney damage.
Large-scale forecasting of Heracleum sosnowskyi habitat suitability under the climate change on publicly available data
Authors: Koldasbayeva Diana , Tregubova Polina , Shadrin Dmitrii , Gasanov Mikhail , Pukalchik Maria
Published: April 2022

This research aims to establish the possible habitat suitability of Heracleum sosnowskyi (HS), one of the most aggressive invasive plants, in current and future climate conditions across the territory of the European part of Russia. We utilised a species distribution modelling framework using publicly available data of plant occurrence collected in citizen science projects (CSP). Climatic variables and soil characteristics were considered to follow possible dependencies with environmental factors. We applied Random Forest to classify the study area. We addressed the problem of sampling bias in CSP data by optimising the sampling size and implementing a spatial cross-validation scheme. According to the Random Forest model built on the finally selected data shape, more than half of the studied territory in the current climate corresponds to a suitability prediction score higher than 0.25. The forecast of habitat suitability in future climate was highly similar for all climate models. Almost the whole studied territory showed the possibility for spread with an average suitability score of 0.4. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter and precipitation of wettest month demonstrated the highest influence on the HS distribution. Thus, currently, the whole study area, excluding the north, may be considered as s territory with a high risk of HS spreading, while in the future suitable locations for the HS habitat will include high latitudes. We showed that chosen geodata pre-processing, and cross-validation based on geospatial blocks reduced significantly the sampling bias. Obtained predictions could help to assess the risks accompanying the studied plant invasion capturing the patterns of the spread, and can be used for the conservation actions planning.
Investigating functional fitness of older adults in Korea in the period 2013–2018
Authors: Jeoung Bogja , Pyun Do Young
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to examine differences in the body compositions and the functional fitness tests across genders, age groups, and the test periods; and (b) to develop the functional fitness standards for older Korean adults. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea Institute of Sport Science Fitness Standards. The data were derived from 155,256 old adults aged 65–90 who participated in the National Fitness Award Project from 2013 to 2018 in Korea. A series of t-test, ANOVA, and Cajori’s 5-grade method were used to analyze the data. The group comparison tests revealed significant differences in the body compositions and the fitness tests across genders (p < 0.001 for all items), five age groups (p < 0.001 for all items), and two test periods (p < 0.001 for all items, except for sit-reach [p = 0.138] in males and body mass index [p = 0.258] and grip strength [p = 0.130] in females). The study also proposed the guidelines for the functional fitness standards for this population. This study would provide useful information to practitioners to design more effective physical activity programs or interventions for people at-risk of declining health, thus improving health conditions of the older adults in Korea.
Reflectance and photophysical properties of rhodamine 6G/2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid as cold hybrid colorant
Authors: Gheitarani Behnam , Golshan Marzieh , Hosseini Mahdi Salami , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: April 2022

Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) is modified by ethylenediamine to obtain rhodamine with amine functional groups (Rh6G-NH2). Rh6G-NH2 as an initial core is used to bond coumarin derivatives. Synthesized fluorescent colorants are specified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometer, and UV–visible–NIR reflectance spectra are used to demonstrate the optical properties. UV–Vis–NIR reflectance spectra showed that synthesized colorants were transparent in NIR region. Also, photophysical properties of 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid (MOHCYAA), Rh6G-NH2, and hybrid 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid/rhodamine 6G (HMR) were investigated. Type of solvent had a strong effect on quantum yield. Rh6G-NH2 (ϕs = 0.66) and HMR (ϕs = 0.72) displayed the maximum quantum yield in ethanol due to good interaction with ethanol and the formation of ring-opened amide form of rhodamine group. Finally, Rh6G-NH2 and HMR displayed the maximum quantum yield in ethanol due to good interaction of structure with ethanol and the formation of ring-opened amide form of rhodamine group in compound.
Investigation of June 2020 giant Saharan dust storm using remote sensing observations and model reanalysis
Authors: Asutosh A. , Vinoj V. , Murukesh Nuncio , Ramisetty Ramakrishna , Mittal Nishant
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the characteristics and impact of a major Saharan dust storm during June 14th–19th 2020 on atmospheric radiative and thermodynamics properties over the Atlantic Ocean. The event witnessed the highest ever aerosol optical depth for June since 2002. The satellites and high-resolution model reanalysis products well captured the origin and spread of the dust storm. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measured total attenuated backscatter and aerosol subtype profiles, lower angstrom exponent values (~ 0.12) from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application—version 2 (MERRA-2) and higher aerosol index value from Ozone monitoring instrument (> 4) tracked the presence of elevated dust. It was found that the dust AOD was as much as 250–300% higher than their climatology resulting in an atmospheric radiative forcing ~ 200% larger. As a result, elevated warming (8–16%) was observed, followed by a drop in relative humidity (2–4%) in the atmospheric column, as evidenced by both in-situ and satellite measurements. Quantifications such as these for extreme dust events provide significant insights that may help in understanding their climate effects, including improvements to dust simulations using chemistry-climate models.
Pet ownership and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amiot Catherine E. , Gagné Christophe , Bastian Brock
Published: April 2022

The question of pet ownership contributing to human well-being has received mixed empirical evidence. This contrasts with the lay intuition that pet ownership contributes positively to wellness. In a large representative sample, we investigate the differences that may exist between pet vs. non-pet owners in terms of their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examine among different sociodemographic strata, for whom pet ownership can be more vs. less beneficial. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among Canadian adults (1220 pet owners, 1204 non-pet owners). Pet owners reported lower well-being than non-pet owners on a majority of well-being indicators; this general pet ownership effect held when accounting for pet species (dogs, cats, other species) and number of pets owned. Compared to owners of other pets, dog owners reported higher well-being. When examining the effect of pet ownership within different socioeconomic strata, being a pet owner was associated with lower well-being among: women; people who have 2 + children living at home; people who are unemployed. Our results offer a counterpoint to popular beliefs emphasising the benefits of pets to human wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic and confirm the importance of accounting for sociodemographic factors to further understand the experience of pet ownership.
The human pathogenic 91del7 mutation in SLC34A1 has no effect in mineral homeostasis in mice
Authors: Bieri Cornelia , Daryadel Arezoo , Bettoni Carla , Pastor-Arroyo Eva-Maria , Schnitzbauer Udo , Hernando Nati , Wagner Carsten A.
Published: April 2022

Kidneys are key regulators of phosphate homeostasis. Biallelic mutations of the renal Na+/phosphate cotransporter SLC34A1/NaPi-IIa cause idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, whereas monoallelic mutations were frequently noted in adults with kidney stones. Genome-wide-association studies identified SLC34A1 as a risk locus for chronic kidney disease. Pathogenic mutations in SLC34A1 are present in 4% of the general population. Here, we characterize a mouse model carrying the 91del7 in-frame deletion, a frequent mutation whose significance remains unclear. Under normal dietary conditions, 12 weeks old heterozygous and homozygous males have similar plasma and urinary levels of phosphate as their wild type (WT) littermates, and comparable concentrations of parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. Renal phosphate transport, and expression of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc cotransporters, was indistinguishable in the three genotypes. Challenging mice with low dietary phosphate did not result in differences between genotypes with regard to urinary and plasma phosphate. Urinary and plasma phosphate, plasma FGF-23 and expression of cotransporters were similar in all genotypes after weaning. Urinary phosphate and bone mineral density were also comparable in 300 days old WT and mutant mice. In conclusion, mice carrying the 91del7 truncation do not show signs of impaired phosphate homeostasis.
An optimal selection method of wells for secondary fracturing in a single coal seam and its application
Authors: Tan Xuebin , Ni Xiaoming , Li Zhongcheng , Xiong Zhiwen , Liu Xiao
Published: April 2022

At present, methods including mathematical modeling, physical or numerical simulation, and in-situ monitoring have been generally adopted to determine evaluation parameters for coalbed methane (CBM) wells for secondary fracturing. These conventional methods either entail many assumptions, or some parameters are difficult to obtain, resulting in a certain deviation between the evaluation results and reality, or the application cost is high, preventing the monitoring of each CBM well. In view of this, an evaluation index system for the gas production potential, effective length of cracks formed by fracturing, and supporting length of proppant in cracks was established based on the system theory. The evaluation indices were characterized through production data, such as logging, fracturing and drainage, which could avoid potential bias in evaluation when only considering a certain parameter and ensured accuracy and practicability of the evaluation parameters for each well. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the entropy weight method (EWM) were used to obtain weights of evaluation parameters, which avoided the contradiction of contributions of various parameters to optimal selection and the rationalized results. In this way, a method for step-wise optimal selection of wells for secondary fracturing integrating construction of evaluation parameters, determination of critical values, and entropy evaluation was proposed. The results of an evaluation of the Shizhuang South Block of Qinshui Basin (Shanxi Province, China) indicate that wells whose three evaluation indices are satisfied are most preferable; wells that only meet the effective length of cracks formed by fracturing or effective supporting length of proppant in cracks can be selected; wells which do not meet the gas production potential or all of the three parameters cannot be selected.
A CNN-based misleading video detection model
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Xiao Xvhao , Li Jia , Hu Changhua , Yao Junping , Li Shaochen
Published: April 2022

Videos, especially short videos, have become an increasingly important source of information in these years. However, many videos spread on video sharing platforms are misleading, which have negative social impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to find methods to automatically identify misleading videos. In this paper, three categories of features (content features, uploader features and environment features) are proposed to construct a convolutional neural network (CNN) for misleading video detection. The experiment showed that all the three proposed categories of features play a vital role in detecting misleading videos. Our proposed approach that combines three categories of features achieved the best performance with the accuracy of 0.90 and the F1 score of 0.89. It also outperformed other baselines such as SVM, k-NN, decision tree and random forest models by more than 22%.
Optical characterization of the liver tissue affected by fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma based on internal filters of laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Amani Marzieh , Bavali Ali , Parvin Parviz
Published: April 2022

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy has recently gained regards for diagnosis of the cancer in various tissues of the human body. This method in its conventional form, when used for assay of highly scattering media, encounters a lot of noise due to multiple scattering and inner filter effects which overshadows the sensitivity and specificity of the method. Here, angular dependence of the LIF spectral shift due to the reabsorption events have been investigated for characterization of the bio-tissues. The aim was to determine the tissue morphological changeovers due to the cancer progression. The assessment of a rare type of the liver cancer i. e. fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma revealed the significant difference in optical anisotropy of the parenchyma and liver tumor. As a result, utilizing LIF spectroscopy as a fast, highly sensitive and easy-to-use method one can evaluate the optical anisotropy for diagnosing tissues during the cancer progression.
Effects of dynamic bedroom lighting on measures of sleep and circadian rest-activity rhythm in inpatients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Canazei Markus , Weninger Johannes , Pohl Wilfried , Marksteiner Josef , Weiss Elisabeth M.
Published: April 2022

Bright light therapy is an effective treatment option for seasonal and non-seasonal affective disorders. However up to now, no study has investigated effects of dynamic bedroom lighting in hospitalized patients with major depression. A bedroom lighting system, which automatically delivered artificial dawn and dusk and blue-depleted nighttime lighting (DD-N lighting) was installed in a psychiatric ward. Patients with moderate to severe depression were randomly assigned to stay in bedrooms with the new lighting or standard lighting system. Patients wore wrist actimeters during the first two treatment weeks. Additionally, hospitalization duration and daily psychotropic medication were retrieved from patients’ medical charts. Data from thirty patients, recorded over a period of two weeks, were analyzed. Patients under DD-N lighting generally woke up earlier (+ 20 min), slept longer (week 1: + 11 min; week 2: + 27 min) and showed higher sleep efficiency (+ 2.4%) and shorter periods of nighttime awakenings (− 15 min). In the second treatment week, patients started sleep and the most active 10-h period earlier (− 33 min and − 64 min, respectively). This pilot study gives first evidence that depressed patients’ sleep and circadian rest/activity system may benefit from bedroom lighting when starting inpatient treatment.
Water security determines social attitudes about dams and reservoirs in South Europe
Authors: Dopico Eduardo , Arboleya Elena , Fernandez Sara , Borrell Yaisel , Consuegra Sonia , de Leaniz Carlos García , Lázaro Gloria , Rodríguez César , Garcia-Vazquez Eva
Published: April 2022

River barriers affect river dynamics and aquatic biota, altering the entire ecosystem. Nevertheless, dams and reservoirs provide goods like water supply and low-carbon energy that are becoming increasingly critical under current climate change. To know to what extent dams and reservoirs are important to the population, we explored social attitudes towards dams and reservoirs using a face-to-face questionnaire in two regions of contrasting climate and water security in Spain, a country with one of highest densities of dams in Europe. Results (N = 613) revealed a higher support for dams, mediated by the recognition of the services they provide, in the drier Mediterranean Malaga province (Andalusia), than in the wetter Atlantic Asturias province (Bay of Biscay), where water shortages are rare. Awareness of the impacts of the dams was more pronounced in Malaga, coupled with a higher willingness to pay for reconnecting rivers. Social awareness of both impacts and services provided by dams and reservoirs may depend on local climate and water security; different dam acceptance emphasizes the need to involve local citizens in the decision-making processes about water management.
Development and validation of the Safe Sleep Calculator to assess risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy
Authors: McIntosh C. G. , Thompson J. M. D. , Leech K. , Carpenter R. , Mitchell E. A.
Published: April 2022

We describe the development and validation of a Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) risk assessment clinical tool. An initial SUDI risk assessment algorithm was developed from an individual participant data meta-analysis of five international SIDS/SUDI case–control studies. The algorithm was translated into a clinical web tool called the Safe Sleep Calculator, which was tested at the routine infant 6-week check-up in primary care clinics in New Zealand. Evidence was gathered through mixed-methods research to inform the revision of the algorithm and the clinical tool. The revised algorithm performance was validated on a new contemporary New Zealand SUDI case–control study dataset and the pilot population data set. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.89, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 80.9% in the NZ infant population when 0.3 per 1000 live births or more risk is used to define ‘at higher risk’. The Safe Sleep Calculator SUDI risk assessment tool provides individualized evidence-based specific SUDI prevention advice for every infant and enables the concentration of additional SUDI prevention efforts and resource for infants at higher risk.
Evaluation of the Padua Prediction Score ability to predict venous thromboembolism in Israeli non-surgical hospitalized patients using electronic medical records
Authors: Lavon O. , Tamir T.
Published: April 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered a leading safety concern during hospitalization. The Padua Predication Score (PPS) is a risk model conceived to predict VTE among non-surgical hospitalized patients. The study aim was to evaluate the PPS ability to predict VTE in Israeli non-surgical hospitalized patients using data from electronic medical records. A single center, large-scale, historic cohort study of hospitalized non-surgical patients was conducted. Outcomes included clinically diagnosed symptomatic VTE events, bleeding events, and mortality during hospitalization and up to 90 days thereafter, and readmission up to 90 days after discharge. 5117 patient records were analyzed after screening and validation. 1120 (22%) patients were defined per PPS as high-risk, of which 277 (24.7%) were prophylactically treated. The low-risk group included 3997 (78%) patients. Prevalence of symptomatic VTE was low. Overall, 14 (0.27%) VTE events were diagnosed: 3 cases in the high-risk group (0.27%) and 11 (0.28%) in the low-risk group, with no significant difference, p = 0.768. Prophylactic treatment among the high-risk patients did not significantly improve VTE incidence: 1/277 (0.36%) treated vs. 2/843 (0.24%), p = 0.343. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the rates of bleeding, unexplained mortality or readmission. PPS was not found to be an efficient tool for identification of non-surgical hospitalized patients with high risk for clinically significant VTE.