bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are older people worse off in 2040 regarding health and resources to deal with it? - Future developments in complex health problems and in the availability of resources to manage health problems in the Netherlands
Authors: Baâdoudi Fatiha , Picavet Susan H. S. J. , Hildrink Henk B. M. , Hendrikx Roy , Rijken Mieke , de Bruin Simone R.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Developing sustainable health policy requires an understanding of the future demand for health and social care. We explored the characteristics of the 65+ population in the Netherlands in 2020 and 2040, focusing on two factors that determine care needs: (1) the occurrence of complex health problems and (2) the availability of resources to manage health and care (e.g., health literacy, social support).

Methods

Estimations of the occurrence of complex health problems and the availability of resources for 2020 were based on registry data and patient-reported data. Estimations for 2040 were based on (a) expected demographic developments, and (b) expert opinions using a two-stage Delphi study with 26 experts from policy making, practice and research in the field of health and social care.

Results

The proportion of people aged 65+ with complex health problems and limited resources is expected to increase from 10% in 2020 to 12% in 2040 based on demographic developments, and to 22% in 2040 based on expert opinions. There was high consensus (>80%) that the proportion with complex health problems would be greater in 2040, and lower consensus (50%) on an increase of the proportion of those with limited resources. Developments that are expected to drive the future changes refer to changes in multimorbidity and in psychosocial status (e.g., more loneliness).

Conclusion

The expected increased proportion of people aged 65+ with complex health problems and limited resources together with the expected health and social care workforce shortages represent large challenges for public health and social care policy.
Senolytic treatment with dasatinib and quercetin does not improve overall influenza responses in aged mice
Authors: Torrance Blake L. , Cadar Andreia N. , Martin Dominique E. , Panier Hunter A. , Lorenzo Erica C. , Bartley Jenna M. , Xu Ming , Haynes Laura
Published: June 2023

Age is the greatest risk factor for adverse outcomes following influenza (flu) infection. The increased burden of senescent cells with age has been identified as a root cause in many diseases of aging and targeting these cells with drugs termed senolytics has shown promise in alleviating many age-related declines across organ systems. However, there is little known whether targeting these cells will improve age-related deficits in the immune system. Here, we utilized a well characterized senolytic treatment with a combination of dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) to clear aged (18–20 months) mice of senescent cells prior to a flu infection. We comprehensively profiled immune responses during the primary infection as well as development of immune memory and protection following pathogen reencounter. Senolytic treatment did not improve any aspects of the immune response that were assayed for including: weight loss, viral load, CD8 T-cell infiltration, antibody production, memory T cell development, or recall ability. These results indicate that D + Q may not be an appropriate senolytic to improve aged immune responses to flu infection.
Trans(gender) journeys: rights and the (non-)recognition of “human”
Authors: Rodrigues Liliana , Pinho Ana R. , Carneiro Nuno Santos , Nogueira Conceição
Published: June 2023

A human right paradigm has been challenging the biomedical perspectives that tend to be normalized in the Western context concerning the lives of trans people. The aim of this study is to understand how trans people in Portugal and Brazil perceive the (non-)recognition of their socio-cultural, economic and political rights. Specifically, the study intends to know in what extent these perceptions influence the processes of identity (de)construction. For this purpose, 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted with people self-identified as trans, transsexuals and transvestites in Brazil and Portugal. The narratives of the participants were analyzed according to the thematic analysis method and the following six main themes emerged: (i) Who are the rights for; (ii) Types of rights; (iii) Paradigm of distribution of rights; (iv) Local or global rights; (v) Non-recognition of the “human”; and, (vi) Transphobias (and cissexism). The results allowed the knowledge of rights and the non-recognition of the “human” which is the central organizer of the analysis. Among the main conclusions of this study, we emphasize the circumscription of rights to certain international, regional and/or national contexts; the existence of local instead of global rights, since they are influenced by regional and international law, but they depend on the legislation in force in each country; and the way human rights can also be understood as a platform of invisibility and exclusion of other people. Based on a commitment to social transformation, this article also contributes to rethinking the violence that is exercised on trans people as a continuum, whether through ‘normalizing devices' by medical contexts, family contexts, public space, or even through internalized transphobia. Social structures produce and sustain transphobias and, simultaneously, are responsible for fighting them by changing the paradigm about the conception of transsexualities.
Rice and paddy industry in Malaysia: governance and policies, research trends, technology adoption and resilience
Authors: Dorairaj Deivaseeno , Govender Nisha T.
Published: June 2023

Rice is an important staple food for nearly half the world’s population. In Malaysia, rice and paddy cultivation kickstarted in the early 60s with small-scale farming, which later expanded by leaps and bounds before emerging as the country’s utmost important food crop. Over the decades, Malaysian rice production system has been suffering from various challenges which include extreme weather conditions, poor soil fertility and nutrient management, farmers’ lack of awareness and knowledge, hesitancy against genetically-modified planting materials and poor deployment of technology. The national rice production and consumption, simply measured as self-sufficiency status staggers in between 67 and 70%. The Southeast Asia region has been an important rice export trader with Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia, among the biggest rice-producing nations. Food security, under the context of sustaining international rice trading ties, succumbs to functional fluctuations of global supply chains. During the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the containment period during the outbreak led to significant disruptions to the food production chain. During the early phase of the pandemic, Malaysia experienced a volatile rice import trend, facing difficulty to secure a committed rice trading partner. In this review, we discuss the trajectory of the rice and paddy industry in Malaysia since its inception, lab-to-field translated breeding strategies adopted for rice yield improvement, governmental participation and contribution (approaches, policies and programs) and technologies in use for rice production. Further, relevant cutting-edge technologies, agricultural methods and practices catered for modern Malaysian rice farming, with opportunities to improve and enhance crop health and resilience are included. The review findings inform new rice agricultural practices, suggest research directions toward sustainable rice farming and provide a comprehensive knowledge base to accelerate innovation, technology diffusion and technology adoption for a resilient rice production system in Malaysia.
Emulator-based optimization of APSIM-Sugar using the results of sensitivity analysis performed with the software GEM-SA
Authors: Gunarathna M. H. J. P. , Sakai Kazuhito , Kumari M. K. N.
Published: June 2023

In most countries where sugarcane is grown, new sugarcane varieties are frequently introduced to the market; however, the existing crop models are not frequently updated. Therefore, experiments are needed to parameterize and optimize crop and cultivar-specific parameters of crop models. In this study, we used GEM-SA -generated output files of a study conducted to perform emulator-based sensitivity analysis of the APSIM-Sugar model using GEM-SA software. We compared the accuracy of simulations performed with optimized parameters using four methods: (1) optimization of 26 parameters of the APSIM-sugar model, (2) optimization of the six most sensitive parameters of the APSIM-sugar model, (3) emulator-based optimization of 26 parameters of the APSIM-sugar model, and (4) emulator-based optimization of the six most sensitive parameters. We also evaluated the computational expensiveness of these optimization methods. The results showed that the emulator-based optimization methods provided fast results compared to optimization using APSIM simulations. Moreover, the emulator-based optimization of the six selected most sensitive parameters (which took only a few minutes) provided almost similar simulation results to those obtained with all optimized parameters using APSIM optimization, which took days. Considering the accuracy and computational complexity, we propose to perform the optimization of the most sensitive parameters using an emulator-based approach. Since the sensitivity analysis results were used in this study, this optimization process could be directly coupled with the emulator-based sensitivity analysis explained by Gunarathna et al. (2019c).
Rehabilitation interventions for glioma patients: a mini-review
Authors: Spina Stefania , Facciorusso Salvatore , Cinone Nicoletta , Pellegrino Raffaello , Fiore Pietro , Santamato Andrea
Published: June 2023

Glioma is a group of tumors that originate from glial cells within the central nervous system and comprise 27% of all tumors and 80% of malignant tumors. With remarkable progress in surgical practices, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, patients with glioma are experiencing greater survival times, which means they need more rehabilitative care. In fact, people with this condition may experience a variety of symptoms that can affect their functions and drastically reduce their quality of life. In fact, patients suffering from glioma has a distinctive symptom complex highlighting the requirement for customized care. Growing evidence shows that rehabilitation therapy can improve the functional prognosis and quality of life of glioma patients. However, there is limited evidence of the success of rehabilitation protocols designed specifically for individuals with glioma. It is essential to determine the most comprehensive rehabilitation programs as well as the sufficient resources, dosage, and duration. The goal of this mini-review was to classify and map rehabilitation interventions used to treat multiple disabling sequalae in individuals affected by glioma. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the rehabilitation protocols used for this population, so that clinicians have a guide to support treatment and an inspiration for further research. This document is intended to be a reference point for professionals involved in the management of adult patients with gliomas. Further exploration is needed to form improved care models for recognizing and addressing functional restrictions in this population.
Guidelines for improvement of the procedural aspects of devices and surgical instruments in the operating theatre
Authors: Calò P. G. , Catena F. , Corsaro D. , Costantini L. , Falez F. , Moretti B. , Parrinello V. , Romanini E. , Spinarelli A. , Venneri F. , Vaccaro G. ,   Scientific Technical Committee
Published: June 2023

Surgical site infections are a major complication for patients undergoing surgical treatment and a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Many international guidelines suggest measures for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI) in perioperative processes and the decontamination of surgical devices and instruments. This document proposes guidelines for improving the perioperative setting in view of the devices and instrumentation required for surgical procedures, aiming to reduce contamination rates and improve clinical performance and management for patients undergoing surgical treatment. This document is intended for doctors, nurses and other practitioners involved in operating theatre procedures, resource management and clinical risk assessment processes, and the procurement, organisation, sterilisation and reprocessing of surgical instruments.
Complete mitogenomes characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Ceratophyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis
Authors: Liu Yafang , Chen Bin , Lu Xinyan , Jiang Dandan , Wang Tao , Geng Ling , Zhang Quanfu , Yang Xing
Published: June 2023

Fleas are one of the most common ectoparasites in warm-blooded mammals and an important vector of zoonotic diseases with serious medical implications. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of Ceratophyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis for the first time using high-throughput sequencing and constructed phylogenetic relationships. We obtained double-stranded circular molecules of lengths 15,875 and 15,785 bp, respectively, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and two control regions. AT-skew was negative in both C. anisus (−0.022) and L. segnis (−0.231), while GC-skew was positive in both (0.024/0.248), which produced significant differences in codon usage and amino acid composition. Thirteen PCGs encoding 3,617 and 3,711 codons, respectively, isoleucine and phenylalanine were used most frequently. The tRNA genes all form a typical secondary structure. Construction of phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods for PCGs. The results of this study provide new information for the mitochondrial genome database of fleas and support further taxonomic studies and population genetics of fleas.
E4orf1 as a key modulator in oncogenesis and of metabolism in Adenovirus infection
Authors: Hernández-Magaña Leidy Erandy , Mosqueda-Gracida Alfredo , Cruz-Holguín Víctor Javier , Martínez-Castillo Macario , Fuentes-Pananá Ezequiel M. , Rozmyslowicz Tomasz , León-Juárez Moisés , Arévalo-Romero Haruki
Published: June 2023

Human Adenoviruses are a diverse family of viruses that can infect a variety of tissues causing acute or persistent infection. Viruses induce numerous cellular alterations as they hijack cellular functions to promote viral progeny. Recent research has shed light on the functions of viral proteins in orchestrating viral production, revealing that many of these functions overlap with oncogenesis or metabolic disruption. Studies of the Adenovirus family (Adenoviridae) have identified oncogenic members, such as Adenovirus (Ad-)2, 5, 9, and 12, and also Ad-36, which is most extensively studied for its ability to induce metabolic alterations. Specifically, Adenoviruses encode a gene product known as early region 4 open reading frame 1 (E4orf1), which has emerged as an oncoprotein and regulator of metabolism depending on the lineage of the infected host cell. This article aims to provide insight into the functions of the viral protein E4orf1 and the overlapping similarities between the oncogenic process and cell metabolism.
Multi-Physics Simulation and Experimental Verification of Magnetorheological Damper with Additional Stiffness
Authors: Liang Huijun , Li Jie , Wang Yongsheng , Liu Mingkun , Fu Jie , Luo Lei , Yu Miao
Published: June 2023

Single-rod magneto-rheological dampers (MRD) have the advantages of a simple mechanism, high reliability, and broad application range. They are widely used in various semi-active vibration control fields. However, their working mode requires a compensating mechanism to perform volume compensation on the rod, leading to additional stiffness for the system. Ignoring this point makes it tough to establish an accurate mechanical model to describe its performance in the design stage, affecting its application. To address this issue, this study proposes a multi-physics simulation model based on gas compensation for single-rod MRD to characterize their mechanical performance accurately. Firstly, the mechanism and mechanical model of the single-rod gas compensation MRD are introduced. Secondly, considering that its performance is affected by the coupling effect of multiple physical fields, including magnetic, flow, and solid mechanics fields, the control equations and boundary conditions of each field are analyzed separately, and a multi-physics coupling simulation model is established by COMSOL. In particular, the gas compensation unit is considered in the multi-physics simulation model. The effect of the compensating mechanism on the mechanical performance of the damper under different excitation speeds, currents, and initial pressures is analyzed. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through the demonstration power test. The results show that the simulation can describe the additional stiffness in the damper. The average error between experimental value and simulation value is 7%. This demonstrates the degree of agreement between the experiment and simulation.
Influence of Nonlinear Characteristics of Planetary Flywheel Inerter Actuator on Vehicle Active Suspension Performance
Authors: Ge Zheng , Li Guangping , Chen Shixiang , Wang Weirui
Published: June 2023

The planetary flywheel can significantly reduce the weight of the flywheel, allowing the inerter to be lightweight. When a planetary flywheel ball screw inerter-based active actuator is used in a vehicle suspension system, the nonlinear features of the actuator affect vehicle performance. The planetary flywheel inerter actuator’s nonlinear dynamic model is constructed in this study based on the dynamic features of the planetary flywheel ball screw inerter and the electromagnetic torque generating mechanism of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. The impact of ball screw–nut friction, transmission clearance, planetary gear friction, and gear backlash on the performance of an active tuned inerter damper suspension is then investigated. As a result, the impact and sensitivity of numerous nonlinear parameters on suspension performance are shown, providing a theoretical foundation for the design of planetary flywheel inerter actuator and active inerter suspension.
Data Boxes as a Part of the Strategic Concept of Computerization of Public Administration in the Czech Republic
Authors: Dušek Jiří
Published: June 2023

The paper focuses on the analysis of the computerization of public administration in the Czech Republic in the context of the implementation and operation of data mailboxes, which have been an integral and very important part of e-Government in that country since 2009. A data mailbox has been defined in the Czech legal system since 2009 as an electronic repository of a special type established under the relevant Act No. 300/2008 Coll., which is intended for delivering electronic documents between public authorities on the one hand and natural persons and legal entities on the other. The data mailbox is mandatory for public authorities, legal entities registered in the Commercial Register, and natural persons engaged in business and may also be established by individuals not engaged in business. Public authorities are obliged to send documents preferably to the data mailbox of an addressee, if the latter has set up one, and, considering the legal assumption of delivery, entities which have set up a data mailbox are de facto obliged to collect documents from it. The aim of the study is a detailed description and critical analysis of the data mailbox system in the Czech Republic. The study also focuses on understanding the specific aspects of the implementation of data mailboxes in the Czech Republic. The main methods used are description, thematic and comparative analysis, so this is a descriptive case study. The results of the analysis confirm a number of problems related to the operation of data mailboxes, whether they be technical problems, security risks, usability problems, legal and regulatory problems or other organizational and procedural problems. The forced “computerization” of communication of a number of legal entities in 2023 is also mentioned.
Data-Driven Modeling of Air Traffic Controllers’ Policy to Resolve Conflicts
Authors: Bastas Alevizos , Vouros George A.
Published: June 2023

With the aim to enhance automation in conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) tasks in the air traffic management (ATM) domain, this article studies the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) methods to learn air traffic controllers’ (ATCOs) policy in resolving conflicts among aircraft assessed to violate separation minimum constraints during the en route phase of flights, in the tactical phase of operations. The objective is to model how conflicts are being resolved by ATCOs. Towards this goal, the article formulates the ATCO policy learning problem for conflict resolution, addresses the challenging issue of an inherent lack of information in real-world data, and presents AI/ML methods that learn models of ATCOs’ behavior. The methods are evaluated using real-world datasets. The results show that AI/ML methods can achieve good accuracy on predicting ATCOs’ actions given specific conflicts, revealing the preferences of ATCOs for resolution actions in specific circumstances. However, the high accuracy of predictions is hindered by real-world data-inherent limitations.
Compressor Performance Prediction Based on the Interpolation Method and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhong Lingfeng , Liu Rui , Miao Xiaodong , Chen Yufeng , Li Songhong , Ji Haocheng
Published: June 2023

Compressors are important components in various power systems in the field of energy and power. In practical applications, compressors often operate under non-design conditions. Therefore, accurate calculation on performance under various operating conditions is of great significance for the development and application of certain power systems equipped with compressors. To calculate and predict the performance of a compressor under all operating conditions through limited data, the interpolation method was combined with a support vector machine (SVM). Based on the known data points of compressor design conditions, the interpolation method was adopted to obtain training samples of the SVM. In the calculation process, preliminary screening was conducted on the kernel functions of the SVM. Two interpolation methods, including linear interpolation and cubic spline interpolation, were used to obtain sample data. In the subsequent training process of the SVM, the genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize its parameters. After training, the available data were compared with the predicted data of the SVM. The results show that the SVM uses the Gaussian kernel function to achieve the highest prediction accuracy. The prediction accuracy of the SVM trained with the data obtained from linear interpolation was higher than that of cubic spline interpolation. Compared with the back propagation neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-BPNN), the genetic algorithm optimization of extreme learning machine neural network (GA-ELMNN), and the genetic algorithm optimization of generalized regression neural network (GA-GRNN), the support vector machine optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-SVM) has a better generalization, and GA-SVM is more accurate in predicting boundary data than the GA-BPNN. In addition, reducing the number of original data points still enables the GA-SVM to maintain a high level of predictive accuracy.
UAV Path Planning Based on Improved Artificial Potential Field Method
Authors: Hao Guoqiang , Lv Qiang , Huang Zhen , Zhao Huanlong , Chen Wei
Published: June 2023

The obstacle avoidance system of a drone affects the quality of its flight path. The artificial potential field method can react quickly when facing obstacles; however, the traditional artificial potential field method lacks consideration of the position information between drones and obstacles during flight, issues including local minima, unreachable targets, and unreasonable obstacle avoidance techniques that lengthen flight times and consume more energy get encountered. Therefore, an improved artificial potential field method is proposed. First, a collision risk assessment mechanism was introduced to avoid unreasonable obstacle avoidance actions and reduce the length of unmanned aerial vehicle flight paths. Then, to solve the problem of local minimum values and unreachable targets, a virtual sub-target was set up and the traditional artificial potential field model was modified to enable the drone to avoid obstacles and reach the target point. At the same time, a virtual sub-target evaluation factor was set up to determine the reasonable virtual sub-target, to achieve a reasonable obstacle avoidance path compared to the traditional artificial potential field method. The proposed algorithm can plan a reasonable path, reduce energy consumption during flight, reduce drone turning angle changes in the path, make the path smoother, and can also be applied in complex environments.
Insect Meal as an Alternative to Protein Concentrates in Poultry Nutrition with Future Perspectives (An Updated Review)
Authors: Sajid Qurat Ul Ain , Asghar Muhammad Umair , Tariq Haneef , Wilk Martyna , Płatek Arkadiusz
Published: June 2023

In recent years, interest has grown among poultry nutritionists in using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, to meet the protein requirements of poultry due to sustainability concerns surrounding traditional protein sources such as soybean and fish meal. Insect meal can be produced from different insects, including black soldier fly, mealworms, and house crickets, and its nutrient composition varies depending on the insect species, the substrate they are reared on, and the production method. This review article provides an updated overview of insect meal as a new form of protein concentrate in poultry diets, including its nutritional value, advantages, challenges, and future prospects. Insect meal has been shown to be a rich source of protein, amino acids (lysine, methionine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc), with a high digestibility rate, making it a valuable feed ingredient for poultry production. Additionally, using insect meal in poultry feed could reduce the cost of production and the environmental impact on the industry. Furthermore, the use of insect meal has the potential to improve the growth performance and meat quality of poultry species. However, several challenges related to large-scale insect production, legal regulatory frameworks, and consumer acceptance need to be addressed. Future research and development could help overcome these challenges and increase the adoption of insects as a potential source of protein in poultry feed. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of insects as a potential source of protein for poultry nutrition and highlights the possible perspectives of insect meal to contribute to a more sustainable and efficient poultry production system. While challenges remain, the utilization of insect meal in poultry feed has the capability to enhance the sustainability and efficiency in the poultry industry. Hence, insect meal emerges as a highly encouraging protein alternative, offering sustainable prospects for its utilization within the poultry sector. However, advancements in insect production technology and efficiency have the potential to raise the production scale while lowering prices, making insect meals more affordable compared to conventional protein sources. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is recommended to further explore the practical implementation of insect meal as a reliable and efficient means of supplying protein in poultry nutrition.
Research on the Construction of China’s Provincial Food Security Evaluation System and Regional Performance—Based on the “Great Food View”
Authors: Jiang Qijun , Rong Zhijie , Yuan Zhiwei
Published: June 2023

Based on the internationally recognized concept of food security and the scientific connotation of the “Great Food View”. This research constructs China’s provincial food security evaluation system under the “Great Food View” by comprehensively considering the regional food supply logic and dietary habits differences. Combining the improved entropy weight method and AHP to quantitatively evaluate the current situation and trend of food security in China’s provinces (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2009 to 2021 by using this system—on the basis of dividing China’s provinces into main food production provinces and non-main food production provinces. The results demonstrate that all provinces have entered the ranks of “security” and above food security, and the mismatch between “high vulnerability and low security” has been alleviated. Yet, the problem of “difficult growth” in the provinces with the lowest score of food security has emerged. The green and sustainability of the food security system in the main food production areas have been at a low level, and the food security in non-main food production areas has seen the “Matthew effect” of uneven development. Finally, policy implications are proposed from the aspects of diversified development of food sources, precision agriculture subsidy guide, optimization of farmland compensation and protection policies, and optimization of food storage and distribution.
The Impact of Government Food Policy on Farm Efficiency of Beneficiary Small-Scale Farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Purnamasari Meidiana , Huang Wen-Chi , Priyanto Bambang
Published: June 2023

Enhancing self-sufficiency and national food security have been strategic policy goals of the Indonesian government. From 2015 to 2019, a food policy program called Upsus Pajale had been implemented to provide input subsidies and extension assistants to farmers for three strategic commodities: rice, maize, and soybeans, to accelerate productivity and increase production. The study was done by interviewing 374 beneficiary farmers. The objectives were to explore production efficiency and the farmers’ perspectives on the policy programs. By conducting stochastic frontier production function estimation, the results show that the mean efficiency level was 0.866. This study revealed that land size, seed cost, and labor cost were found to be important determinants of technical efficiency. In addition, the results of the inefficiency model indicated that age and farmers’ associations had a significant and positive effect on efficiency scores, whereas education had a negative effect. Contrarily, none of the policy program instruments appear to be essential determinants of efficiency. Furthermore, the research found that farmers prioritized their habits and profitability when deciding which crop to cultivate and that pests were their main concerns. Hence, the government should focus on enhancing research and development for improved seedling pest management control and encourage the establishment of farmers’ association to share experience and transfer information and technology for farmers to improve their efficiency.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Spatial Convergence Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of Citrus in China
Authors: Gu Yumeng , Qi Chunjie , Liu Fuxing , Lei Quanyong , Ding Yuchao
Published: June 2023

In this study, the DEA–Malmquist index method was used to measure the total factor productivity of citrus in seven major mandarin-producing provinces and seven major tangerine-producing provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. Moran’s I index was used to test the spatial correlation of total factor productivity of mandarin and tangerine, and its σ convergence and β convergence characteristics were explored using coefficient of variation and spatial panel models. The results show that from the perspective of time series evolution, the growth rate of total factor productivity of mandarin and tangerine in China slowed down year by year after reaching the maximum value in 2008. Technological progress was the main factor affecting the total factor productivity of citrus. The total factor productivity growth of tangerine was more stable than that of mandarin, and the pure technical efficiency index and scale efficiency change index of mandarin and tangerine were not stable. From the perspective of regional differences, the total factor productivity of China’s main citrus-producing provinces all indicated positive growth, showing an increasing trend from east to west. The drivers of growth were mainly technological progress and scale efficiency. The regional differences in total factor productivity growth for mandarin were more obvious than for tangerine. The total factor productivity of mandarin and tangerine showed obvious spatial correlation characteristics; the positive spatial spillover effect was significant; and there were σ convergence, absolute β convergence, and conditional β convergence. Regional disparities in citrus industry development can be more objectively reflected by convergence analysis that takes spatial factors, economic and social factors, and other factors into account.
Effects of Pesticides on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Authors: Pagano Marcela C. , Kyriakides Matthew , Kuyper Thom W.
Published: June 2023

Substantial amounts of pesticides, used in agricultural production to control pests, diseases, and weeds, and thereby attain high product quantities and quality, can severely affect the ecosystem and human health. The amounts of pesticides used depend on the specifics of the current production system but also exhibit large effects of past practices. Pesticides do not act only on the target organisms but also on organisms for which the chemicals were not specifically formulated, constituting hazardous molecules for humans and the environment. Pesticides, therefore, also influence soil microbial communities including organisms that engage in mutualistic plant symbioses that play a crucial role in its mineral nutrition, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of synthetic and natural (‘green’) pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides) on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. We deal with both the direct effects (spore germination and extraradical and intraradical growth of the mycelium) and indirect effects on the agroecosystem level. Such indirect effects include effects through the spread of herbicide-resistant crops and weeds to neighboring ecosystems, thereby modifying the mycorrhizal inoculum potential and altering the plant–plant interactions. We also briefly discuss the possibility that mycorrhizal plants can be used to enhance the phytoremediation of organic pesticides.
Nitrogen Fertilization Improves the Agro-Morphological and Yield Attributes of Sinapis alba L.
Authors: Haq Ehsan Ul , Hassan Fayyaz Ul , Zhou Fanrui , Gong Xiaomin , Manaf Abdul , Shabbir Ghulam , Karim Muhammad Fazal , King Patricia Jie Hung , Adil Muhammad Faheem , Shamsi Imran Haider
Published: June 2023

Oilseed crops play a vital role in the economy of Pakistan, yet the production of oilseeds is far less than the demand for them. White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is an emerging crop, that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is considered to be an alternative to all other oilseed crops for dry temperate climates. White mustard develops rapidly, and has a large canopy and deep rooting system; hence, it can draw up nutrients from deeper layers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen on S. alba agro-morphological attributes and enhance nutrient use efficiencies. During the Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21, an experiment was conducted at the University Research Farm, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi. The study included seven treatments, i.e., T1-Control, T2-20, T3-40, T4-60, T5-80, T6-100, and T7-120 kg·ha−1. Each treatment was replicated three times, and the study utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed that nitrogen at 100 kg·ha−1 was the optimal concentration and significantly increased the agro-morphological parameters, i.e., plant height (47.01%), primary branches (41.36%), secondary branches (45.33%), 1000 seed weight (54.35%), siliques/plant (41.57%), seeds/silique (52.30%) biological yield (68.38%), seed yield (54.90%), harvest index (11%), and oil yield (38.84%), as compared to the control. Moreover, protein contents and oil contents were significantly increased (5.15% and 6%, respectively), as compared to the control, while glucosinolate content was decreased (4.36%). Similarly, maximum agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) (53%), physiological efficiency (PE), and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were also improved, as compared to the control. Hence, N application at a concentration of 100 kg·ha−1 can be recommended for S. alba under the present cropping system of Pothwar.
Expression Profile of miR-199a and Its Role in the Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Wu Zijuan , Yan Yanyun , Li Wenli , Li Yali , Yang Huansheng
Published: June 2023

Early weaning stress impairs intestinal health in piglets. miRNAs are crucial for maintaining host homeostasis, while their implication for animal health remains unclear. To identify weaning-associated miRNAs, piglets were sampled at day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 after weaning. The data indicated that the highest levels of miR-199a-5p in jejunal villus upper cells were observed on day 14 after weaning, while the lowest levels in crypt cells were noted on day 7 and 14. In contrast, miR-199a-3p was down-regulated in both of these two cells on day 7 after weaning compared with day 0. Both miR-199a-5p and -3p were differently expressed along the villus–crypt axis. To further clarify the function of miR-199a, mice deficient in miR-199a were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Results revealed that silencing of miR-199a enhanced sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, the increased morbidity and mortality were correlated with enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, impaired barrier function, and a concomitant increase in permeability-related parameters. Bioinformatic analysis further demonstrated that lipid metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched and Ndrg1 was verified as a target of miR-199a-3p. These findings indicate that miR-199a may be important for animal health management.
Carnosinase-1 Knock-Out Reduces Kidney Fibrosis in Type-1 Diabetic Mice on High Fat Diet
Authors: Pfeffer Tilman , Wetzel Charlotte , Kirschner Philip , Bartosova Maria , Poth Tanja , Schwab Constantin , Poschet Gernot , Zemva Johanna , Bulkescher Ruben , Damgov Ivan , Thiel Christian , Garbade Sven F. , Klingbeil Kristina , Peters Verena , Schmitt Claus Peter
Published: June 2023

Carnosine and anserine supplementation markedLy reduce diabetic nephropathy in rodents. The mode of nephroprotective action of both dipeptides in diabetes, via local protection or improved systemic glucose homeostasis, is uncertain. Global carnosinase-1 knockout mice (Cndp1-KO) and wild-type littermates (WT) on a normal diet (ND) and high fat diet (HFD) (n = 10/group), with streptozocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes (n = 21–23/group), were studied for 32 weeks. Independent of diet, Cndp1-KO mice had 2- to 10-fold higher kidney anserine and carnosine concentrations than WT mice, but otherwise a similar kidney metabolome; heart, liver, muscle and serum anserine and carnosine concentrations were not different. Diabetic Cndp1-KO mice did not differ from diabetic WT mice in energy intake, body weight gain, blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and glucose tolerance with both diets, whereas the diabetes-related increase in kidney advanced glycation end-product and 4-hydroxynonenal concentrations was prevented in the KO mice. Tubular protein accumulation was lower in diabetic ND and HFD Cndp1-KO mice, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis were lower in diabetic HFD Cndp1-KO mice compared to diabetic WT mice. Fatalities occurred later in diabetic ND Cndp1-KO mice versus WT littermates. Independent of systemic glucose homeostasis, increased kidney anserine and carnosine concentrations reduce local glycation and oxidative stress in type-1 diabetic mice, and mitigate interstitial nephropathy in type-1 diabetic mice on HFD.
Therapeutic Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tapias Victor , González-Andrés Paula , Peña Laura F. , Barbero Asunción , Núñez Lucía , Villalobos Carlos
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. The key histopathological features of these diseases are the presence of abnormal protein aggregates and the progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in specific brain regions. The exact mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of AD or PD remain unknown, but there is extensive evidence indicating that excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with a depleted antioxidant system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of these neurological disorders. Due to an improvement in life expectancy, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases has significantly increased. However, there is no effective protective treatment or therapy available but rather only very limited palliative treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of preventive strategies and disease-modifying therapies to treat AD/PD. Because dysregulated Ca2+ metabolism drives oxidative damage and neuropathology in these diseases, the identification or development of compounds capable of restoring Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling may provide a neuroprotective avenue for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a set of strategies to control mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling has been reported, including decreased Ca2+ uptake through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs). In this article, we review the modulatory effects of several heterocyclic compounds on Ca2+ homeostasis and trafficking, as well as their ability to regulate compromised mitochondrial function and associated free-radical production during the onset and progression of AD or PD. This comprehensive review also describes the chemical synthesis of the heterocycles and summarizes the clinical trial outcomes.
From Grape By-Products to Enriched Yogurt Containing Pomace Extract Loaded in Nanotechnological Nutriosomes Tailored for Promoting Gastro-Intestinal Wellness
Authors: Castangia Ines , Fulgheri Federica , Leyva-Jimenez Francisco Javier , Alañón Maria Elena , Cádiz-Gurrea Maria de la Luz , Marongiu Francesca , Meloni Maria Cristina , Aroffu Matteo , Perra Matteo , Allaw Mohamad , Abi Rached Rita , Oliver-Simancas Rodrigo , Escribano Ferrer Elvira , Asunis Fabiano , Manca Maria Letizia , Manconi Maria
Published: June 2023

Grape pomace is the main by-product generated during the winemaking process; since it is still rich in bioactive molecules, especially phenolic compounds with high antioxidant power, its transformation in beneficial and health-promoting foods is an innovative challenge to extend the grape life cycle. Hence, in this work, the phytochemicals still contained in the grape pomace were recovered by an enhanced ultrasound assisted extraction. The extract was incorporated in liposomes prepared with soy lecithin and in nutriosomes obtained combining soy lecithin and Nutriose FM06®, which were further enriched with gelatin (gelatin-liposomes and gelatin-nutriosomes) to increase the samples’ stability in modulated pH values, as they were designed for yogurt fortification. The vesicles were sized ~100 nm, homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index < 0.2) and maintained their characteristics when dispersed in fluids at different pH values (6.75, 1.20 and 7.00), simulating salivary, gastric and intestinal environments. The extract loaded vesicles were biocompatible and effectively protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, to a better extent than the free extract in dispersion. The structural integrity of gelatin-nutriosomes, after dilution with milk whey was confirmed, and the addition of vesicles to the yogurt did not modify its appearance. The results pointed out the promising suitability of vesicles loading the phytocomplex obtained from the grape by-product to enrich the yogurt, offering a new and easy strategy for healthy and nutritional food development.
Effect of Copper Sulphate Exposure on the Oxidative Stress, Gill Transcriptome and External Microbiota of Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Zhou Shun , Yang Qiuhong , Song Yi , Cheng Bo , Ai Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of the practical application of copper sulfate on yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and to provide insights into the gill toxicity induced by copper sulphate. Yellow catfish were exposed to a conventional anthelmintic concentration of copper sulphate (0.7 mg/L) for seven days. Oxidative stress biomarkers, transcriptome, and external microbiota of gills were examined using enzymatic assays, RNA-sequencing, and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Copper sulphate exposure led to oxidative stress and immunosuppression in the gills, with increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and altered expression of immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as IL-1β, IL4Rα, and CCL24. Key pathways involved in the response included cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed copper sulphate altered the diversity and composition of gill microbiota, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidotas and Bdellovibrionota and a significant increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria. Notably, a substantial 8.5-fold increase in the abundance of Plesiomonas was also observed at the genus level. Our findings demonstrated that copper sulphate induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and gill microflora dysbiosis in yellow catfish. These findings highlight the need for sustainable management practices and alternative therapeutic strategies in the aquaculture industry to mitigate the adverse effects of copper sulphate on fish and other aquatic organisms.