bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Small‐Molecule Inhibition of an Anticancer Therapeutic Protein‐Protein Interaction Using a Solid‐State Nanopore
Authors: Kwak Dong‐Kyu , Chae Hongsik , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Ha Ji‐Hyang , Goyal Gaurav , Kim Min Jun , Kim Ki‐Bum , Chi Seung‐Wook
Published: April 2016

Nanopore sensing is an emerging technology for the single‐molecule‐based detection of various biomolecules. In this study, we probed the anticancer therapeutic p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD)/MDM2 interaction and its inhibition with a small‐molecule MDM2 antagonist, Nutlin‐3, using low‐noise solid‐state nanopores. Although the translocation of positively charged MDM2 through a nanopore was detected at the applied negative voltage, this MDM2 translocation was almost completely blocked upon formation of the MDM2/GST‐p53TAD complex owing to charge conversion. In combination with NMR data, the nanopore measurements showed that the addition of Nutlin‐3 rescued MDM2 translocation, indicating that Nutlin‐3 disrupted the MDM2/GST‐p53TAD complex, thereby releasing MDM2. Taken together, our results reveal that solid‐state nanopores can be a valuable platform for the ultrasensitive, picomole‐scale screening of small‐molecule drugs against protein–protein interaction (PPI) targets.
Formation Mechanism of the First Carbon–Carbon Bond and the First Olefin in the Methanol Conversion into Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liu Yue , Müller Sebastian , Berger Daniel , Jelic Jelena , Reuter Karsten , Tonigold Markus , Sanchez‐Sanchez Maricruz , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: April 2016

The elementary reactions leading to the formation of the first carbon–carbon bond during early stages of the zeolite‐catalyzed methanol conversion into hydrocarbons were identified by combining kinetics, spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The first intermediates containing a C−C bond are acetic acid and methyl acetate, which are formed through carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether even in presence of water. A series of acid‐catalyzed reactions including acetylation, decarboxylation, aldol condensation, and cracking convert those intermediates into a mixture of surface bounded hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon pool, as well as into the first olefin leaving the catalyst. This carbonylation based mechanism has an energy barrier of 80 kJ mol−1 for the formation of the first C−C bond, in line with a broad range of experiments, and significantly lower than the barriers associated with earlier proposed mechanisms.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Yoshihiro Daisuke , Abe Yusuke , Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: April 2016

A variety of functionalized silacyclopentanes were synthesized by highly enantioselective β‐eliminations of silacyclopentene oxides followed by stereospecific transformations. The reaction mechanism of the β‐elimination was elucidated by DFT calculations. An in vitro biological assay with an oxy‐functionalized silacyclopentane showed substantial binding to a serotonin receptor protein.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions with Acyclic α‐Alkoxy Ketones
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Chen Wenyong , Hartwig John F.
Published: April 2016

The asymmetric alkylation of acyclic ketones is a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. Reported herein are diastereoselective and enantioselective allylic substitutions with acyclic α‐alkoxy ketones catalyzed by a metallacyclic iridium complex to form products with contiguous stereogenic centers derived from the nucleophile and electrophile. These reactions occur between allyl methyl carbonates and unstabilized copper(I) enolates generated in situ from acyclic α‐alkoxy ketones. The resulting products can be readily converted into enantioenriched tertiary alcohols and tetrahydrofuran derivatives without erosion of enantiomeric purity.
‘So I Feel Like I'm Getting It and Then Sometimes I Think OK, No I'm Not’: Couple and Family Therapists Learning an Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Allan Robert , Ungar Michael , Eatough Virginia
Published: April 2016

This research concerns itself with the experiences of couple and family therapists (CFTs) learning about and using an evidence‐based practice (EBP). The engagement with EBP is growing across many aspects of the mental health and health care systems. The EBP model is now being applied in a broad range of health and human service systems, including mental and behavioural health care, social work, education, and criminal justice (Hunsley, 2007). The dialogue about the role of evidence‐based approaches in the practice of CFT and research literature is also evolving (Sexton et al., 2011; Sprenkle). Interestingly, while the research delves into what are the best approaches with different populations and presenting issues, little research has explored the experience ofCFTs themselves, particularly while learning an EBP. Using a phenomenological approach called interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009), this research explores the experiences ofCFTs learning and using an EBP. The paper reports on key issues, challenges, and areas forCFTs, educators, and supervisors. As researchers, educators, administrators, policy makers, andCFTs struggle with what works best with which populations and how best to allocate resources, this research contributes to dialogues about how best to educate and supportCFTs, and the complexity of doing research in real‐life settings.
Biopolyamide hybrid composites for high performance applications
Authors: Armioun Shaghayegh , Panthapulakkal Suhara , Scheel Johannes , Tjong Jimi , Sain Mohini
Published: April 2016

This study focuses on the performance characteristics of wood/short carbon fiber hybrid biopolyamide11 (PA11) composites. The composites were produced by melt‐compounding of the fibers with the polyamide via extrusion and injection molding. The results showed that mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the wood fiber composites were significantly higher than the PA11 and hybridization with carbon fiber further enhanced the performance properties, as well as the thermal resistance of the composites. Compared to wood fiber composites (30% wood fiber), hybridization with carbon fiber (10% wood fiber and 20% carbon fiber) increased the tensile and flexural modulus by 168% and 142%, respectively. Izod impact strength of the hybrid composites exhibited a good improvement compared to wood fiber composites. Thermal properties and resistance to water absorption of the composites were improved by hybridization with carbon fiber. In overall, the study indicated that the developed hybrid composites are promising candidates for high performance applications, where high stiffness and thermal resistance are required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43595.
Electrical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of graphene nanoplatelet/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biodegradable nanocomposites
Authors: Kashi Sima , Gupta Rahul K. , Kao Nhol , Bhattacharya Sati N.
Published: April 2016

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were dispersed in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt‐blending. Scanning electron micrographs showed good dispersion of GNPs in PBAT at low concentrations while at higher loadings, the platelets became physically in contact forming conductive pathways. Electrical conductivity of PBAT was enhanced markedly with GNP addition with a distinctly faster rate for GNP loadings higher than 6 wt % because of formation of conductive networks. Interestingly, thermal stability of PBAT was also found to increase for GNP loadings above 6 wt %. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites exhibited significant enhancement with increasing GNPs. In particular, storage modulus showed less frequency dependency in the low frequency region leading to a percolation threshold of between 6 and 9 wt %, above which time–temperature superposition principle failed. Steady shear measurements revealed that GNP incorporation increased the zero‐shear viscosity markedly and intensified the shear thinning behavior. Carreau model well described the shear viscosity of all the compositions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43620.
High temperature shape memory polyimide ionomer
Authors: Bai Yongkang , Mao Long , Liu Yuejun
Published: April 2016

In this work, a high temperature shape memory polymer based on polyimide (PI) ionomer is prepared by introducing ionic crosslinked interaction. The ionic crosslinked points are introduced to polymer networks through the reaction between polyamic acid and calcium hydroxide before thermal imidization. The crosslinked reaction, microtopography, mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties of PI ionomers are systematically investigated. The results show the introduction of ionic crosslinked interaction could enhance the glass transition temperature, mechanical, and shape recovery performance of ODA‐ODPA, a PI. The prepared ionomers exhibit good high temperature shape memory properties around 270 °C. The shape fixation and shape recovery ratio are over 99% and 90%, respectively. This method provided a new sight of preparing high temperature shape memory polymer, which could be used in severe conditions, like aerospace industry field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43630.
Multi‐technique Geophysical Survey in and around the Hillfort Lossow – a Bronze and Iron Age Central Site in Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Ullrich Burkart , Freibothe Ronald , Zoellner Henning , Beilke‐Voigt Ines , Mehner Andreas , Kaufmann Georg
Published: April 2016

At the hillfort Lossow, integrated geophysical surveys were applied as part of an interdisciplinary research project. The importance of the prehistoric and Slavic site rests on various shafts within the hillfort, which are dated to the Early Iron Age and contain findings of offering processes associated with cult practices. At present more than 60 shafts with a depth of 5 to 7.5 m are known from test trenches and excavations inside the hillfort. In the settlement in front of the hillfort, large‐scale magnetic gradiometer surveys and electrical resistivity mapping were applied to detect new archaeological features, verified by field surveys and targeted excavation. Inside the hillfort, a combination of magnetic gradiometer surveys, electrical resistivity imaging, ground‐penetrating radar, and pulse‐induction metal detection were used to reveal the complexity of structures like archaeological pits, shafts, pit houses and modern disturbances in varying soil types. These measurements resulted in a very complex signal of the geophysical data. We used an integrated approach for the interpretation of data from magnetic gradiometer surveys, pulse‐induction metal detection and ground‐penetrating radar surveys. Thus it became possible to interpret most of the detected anomalies as archaeological features from the Slavic period or modern metal artefacts in the topsoil. The detection of the Iron Age shafts covered by complex settlement structures only became possible using high resolution electrical resistivity tomography and low frequency ground‐penetrating radar. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Geophysical Prospections to Map Ancient Hydraulic Works: The Triglio Underground Aqueduct (Apulia, Southern Italy)
Authors: Leucci Giovanni , Parise Mario , Sammarco Mariangela , Scardozzi Giuseppe
Published: April 2016

This paper presents an integrated analysis using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) studies to map the Triglio underground aqueduct that in Roman times supplied fresh water to the ancient town of Tarentum, modern Taranto, Apulia region, Italy. The study area includes an expansion project of a nearby limestone quarry where mining activity is related to the production of a steel factory (ILVA). The aim was to develop methods for detection and mapping of the geometry of the underground aqueduct. Seven GPR reflection profiles were acquired across and parallel to the hypothesized extent of the aqueduct, while the ERT method was used to understand the stratigraphy of the area and tie reflections to geological units.

Well‐preserved vertical shafts for ventilation and inspection of the ancient underground hydraulic work were investigated and used as models for GPR exploration. The GPR profiles, interpreted using both the trace amplitude analysis and the forward modelling, showed reflection features from the main horizontal tunnel of the ancient aqueduct. The void space within the aqueduct, usually the ceiling–air interface, was discovered and mapped using reflections profiles both parallel to the linear feature, but also crossing it, and differentiated from similar looking geological features. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can medical students accurately predict their learning? A study comparing perceived and actual performance in neuroanatomy
Authors: Hall Samuel R. , Stephens Jonny R. , Seaby Eleanor G. , Andrade Matheus Gesteira , Lowry Andrew F. , Parton Will J.C. , Smith Claire F. , Border Scott
Published: April 2016

It is important that clinicians are able to adequately assess their level of knowledge and competence in order to be safe practitioners of medicine. The medical literature contains numerous examples of poor self‐assessment accuracy amongst medical students over a range of subjects however this ability in neuroanatomy has yet to be observed. Second year medical students attending neuroanatomy revision sessions at the University of Southampton and the competitors of the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition were asked to rate their level of knowledge in neuroanatomy. The responses from the former group were compared to performance on a ten item multiple choice question examination and the latter group were compared to their performance within the competition. In both cohorts, self‐assessments of perceived level of knowledge correlated weakly to their performance in their respective objective knowledge assessments (r = 0.30 and r = 0.44). Within the NUNC, this correlation improved when students were instead asked to rate their performance on a specific examination within the competition (spotter, rS = 0.68; MCQ, rS = 0.58). Despite its inherent difficulty, medical student self‐assessment accuracy in neuroanatomy is comparable to other subjects within the medical curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 9: 488–495. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Synthesizing 2D and 3D Selenidostannates in Ionic Liquids: The Synergistic Structure‐Directing Effects of Ionic Liquids and Metal–Amine Complexes
Authors: Du Cheng‐Feng , Shen Nan‐Nan , Li Jian‐Rong , Hao Min‐Ting , Wang Zi , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: April 2016

Presented are the ionothermal syntheses, characterizations, and properties of a series of two‐ and three‐dimensional selenidostannate compounds synergistically directed by metal–amine complex (MAC) cations and ionic liquids (ILs) of [Bmmim]Cl (Bmmim=1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium). Four selenidostannates, namely, 2D‐(Bmmim)3[Ni(en)3]2[Sn9Se21]Cl (1, en=ethylenediamine), 2D‐(Bmmim)8[Ni2(teta)2(μ‐teta)]Sn18Se42 (2, teta=triethylenetetramine), 2D‐(Bmmim)4[Ni(tepa)Cl]2[Ni(tepa)Sn12Se28] (3, tepa=tetraethylenepentamine), and 3D‐(Bmmim)2[Ni(1,2‐pda)3]Sn8Se18 (4, 1,2‐pda=1,2‐diaminopropane), were obtained. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that compounds 1 and 2 possess a lamellar anionic [Sn3Se7]n2n− structure comprising distinct eight‐membered ring units, whereas 3 features a MAC‐decorated anionic [Ni(tepa)Sn12Se28]n6n− layered structure. In contrast to 1–3, compound 4 exhibits a 3D open framework of anionic [Sn4Se9]n2n−. The structural variation from 1 to 4 clearly indicates that on the basis of the synergistic structure‐directing ability of the MACs and ILs, variation of the organic polyamine ligand has a significant impact on the formation of selenidostannates.
Adaptive Friction Compensation: Modular Design with Passive Identifier
Authors: Dadkhah Tehrani Reza , Khayatian Alireza
Published: April 2016

For a second‐order mechanical system incorporating Coulomb frictional effect, a nonlinear adaptive control that achieves a controller‐identifier separation is designed. This modularity is made possible by the strong input‐to‐state stability (ISS) property of the ISS controller with respect to the parameter estimation error as input. This input is independently guaranteed to be bounded by the passive identifier. We use two types of passive identifiers: z‐scheme passive identifier and x‐scheme passive identifier. These designs are more flexible than the Lyapunov‐based design and lead to lower control effort. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of z‐scheme and x‐scheme are presented. Transient performance of the system is enhanced with a trajectory initialization technique. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed friction compensator is verified by simulation for position tracking control under the influence of Coulomb friction.
Motivational trajectories for early language learning across the primary–secondary school transition
Authors: Graham Suzanne , Courtney Louise , Tonkyn Alan , Marinis Theodoros
Published: April 2016

The transition from primary to secondary school is an area of concern across a range of curriculum subjects and this is no less so for foreign language learning. Indeed problems with transition have been identified in England as an important barrier to the introduction of language learning to the primary school curriculum, with implications for learners’ longer‐term motivation for the subject. This longitudinal study investigated, through a questionnaire, the development of 233 learners’ motivation for learning French in England, during the transition from primary to secondary schooling. It also explored whether levels and patterns of motivation differed according to the type of language teaching experienced, comparing a largely oracy‐focused approach with one with greater emphasis on literacy activities. Learners showed high and increasing levels of motivation across transition, placing particular value on learning French for travel. Being taught through an oracy or a literacy‐focused approach had less impact on learners’ motivation than broader classroom experiences, with the development of a sense of progress and feeling that instruction met their learning needs being especially important. A growing disjuncture emerged between valuing the learning of French for travel/communication and learners’ low levels of self‐efficacy for communication with native speakers, together with a desire for more communication‐based activities. By the end of the first year of secondary school less positive attitudes towards learning French and less optimism about the possibility of future progress were beginning to emerge. The paper concludes by outlining the implications of the study for classroom practice in language learning.
Invited review: Microtubule severing enzymes couple atpase activity with tubulin GTPase spring loading
Authors: Bailey Megan E. , Jiang Nan , Dima Ruxandra I. , Ross Jennifer L.
Published: April 2016

Microtubules are amazing filaments made of GTPase enzymes that store energy used for their own self‐destruction to cause a stochastically driven dynamics called dynamic instability. Dynamic instability can be reproduced in vitro with purified tubulin, but the dynamics do not mimic that observed in cells. This is because stabilizers and destabilizers act to alter microtubule dynamics. One interesting and understudied class of destabilizers consists of the microtubule‐severing enzymes from the ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities (AAA+) family of ATP‐enzymes. Here we review current knowledge about GTP‐driven microtubule dynamics and how that couples to ATP‐driven destabilization by severing enzymes. We present a list of challenges regarding the mechanism of severing, which require development of experimental and modeling approaches to shed light as to how severing enzymes can act to regulate microtubule dynamics in cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 547–556, 2016.
Glutathione analogues as substrates or inhibitors that discriminate between allozymes of the MDR‐involved human glutathione transferase P1‐1
Authors: Zompra Aikaterini , Georgakis Nikolaos , Pappa Eleni , Thireou Trias , Eliopoulos Elias , Labrou Nikolaos , Cordopatis Paul , Clonis Yannis
Published: April 2016

Glutathione (GSH) structure‐guided tripeptide analogues were designed and synthesized by solid phase technology, purified (≥95%) by RP and/or GF column chromatography, to identify those that, compared with GSH, exhibited similar or higher binding and catalytic efficiency toward the MDR‐involved human GSTP1‐1 isoenzyme, and could discriminate between the allozymic expression products of the polymorphic human GSTP1 gene locus, designated as hGSTP1*A (Ile104/Ala113), hGSTP1*B (Val104/Ala113), and hGSTP1*C (Val104/Val113). The analogues bear single amino acid alterations as well as alterations in more than one position. Some analogues showed remarkable allozyme selectivity, binding catalytically to A (I, II, IV, XII), to C (V and XVI), to A and C (III, VII, XIV) or to all three allozymes (XV). A heterocyclic substituent at positions 1 or 2 of GSH favors inhibition of A, whereas a small hydrophobic/hydrophilic amide substituent at position 2 (Cys) favors inhibition of B and C. Heterocyclic substituents at position 1, only, produce catalytic analogues for A, whereas less bulky and more flexible hydrophobic/hydrophilic substituents, at positions 1 or 3, lead to effective substrates with C. When such substituents were introduced simultaneously at positions 1 and 3, the analogues produced have no catalytic potential but showed appreciable inhibitory effects, instead, with all allozymes. It is anticipated that when GSH analogues with selective inhibitory or catalytic binding, were conjugated to allozyme‐selective inhibitors of hGSTP1‐1, the derived leads would be useful for the designing of novel chimeric inhibitors against the MDR‐involved hGSTP1‐1 allozymes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 330–344, 2016.
Mechanism investigation for poloxamer 188 raw material variation in cell culture
Authors: Peng Haofan , Ali Amr , Lanan Maureen , Hughes Erik , Wiltberger Kelly , Guan Bing , Prajapati Shashi , Hu Weiwei
Published: April 2016

Variability in poloxamer 188 (P188) raw material, which is routinely used in cell culture media to protect cells from hydrodynamic forces, plays an important role in the process performance. Even though tremendous efforts have been spent to understand the mechanism of poloxamer's protection, the root cause for lot‐to‐lot variation was not clear. A recent study reported that the low performance was not due to toxicity but inefficiency to protect cells (Peng et al., Biotechnol Prog. 2014;30:1411–1418). In this study, it was demonstrated for the first time that the addition of other surfactants even at a very low level can interfere with P188 resulting in a loss of efficiency. It was also found that the performance of P188 lots correlated well with its foam stability. Foam generated from low performing lots in baffled shaker flask lasts longer, which suggests that the components in the foam layers are different. The spiking of foam generated from a low performing lot into the media containing a high performance lot resulted in cell damage and low growth. Analytical studies using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) identified differences in high molecular weight (HMW) species present in the P188 lots. These differences are much clearer when comparing the HMW region of the SEC chromatogram of foam vs. bulk liquid samples. This study shows that low performing lots have enriched HMW species in foam samples due to high hydrophobicity, which can be potentially used as a screening assay. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:767–775, 2016
Elastin‐like‐polypeptide based fusion proteins for osteogenic factor delivery in bone healing
Authors: McCarthy Bryce , Yuan Yuan , Koria Piyush
Published: April 2016

Modern treatments of bone injuries and diseases are becoming increasingly dependent on the usage of growth factors to stimulate bone growth. Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), a potent osteogenic inductive protein, exhibits promising results in treatment models, but recently has had its practical efficacy questioned due to the lack of local retention, ectopic bone formation, and potentially lethal inflammation. Where a new delivery technique of the BMP‐2 is necessary, here we demonstrate the viability of an elastin‐like peptide (ELP) fusion protein containing BMP‐2 for delivery of the BMP‐2. This fusion protein retains the performance characteristics of both the BMP‐2 and ELP. The fusion protein was found to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by the production of alkaline phosphatase and extracellular calcium deposits in response to treatment by the fusion protein. Retention of the ELPs inverse phase transition property has allowed for expression of the fusion protein within a bacterial host (such as Escherichia coli) and easy and rapid purification using inverse transition cycling. The fusion protein formed self‐aggregating nanoparticles at human‐body temperature. The data collected suggests the viability of these fusion protein nanoparticles as a dosage‐efficient and location‐precise noncytotoxic delivery vehicle for BMP‐2 in bone treatment. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1029–1037, 2016
Histological and immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone receptors in normal human breast tissue in adult age groups vulnerable to malignancy
Authors: Goyal R. , Gupta T. , Gupta R. , Aggarwal A. , Sahni D. , Singh G.
Published: April 2016

Analysis of receptor status has become standard procedure for assessing breast cancer patients. Estrogen causes epithelial proliferation in breast tissue via the estrogen receptor (ER). The progesterone receptor (PR) is also regulated by the estrogen gene. Analyzing ER and PR together gives information regarding the likely response of carcinoma patients to hormonal therapy. The aim of the present study was to record the expression patterns of ER and PR in normal mammary tissue in different age groups to provide reference data to facilitate histological diagnosis. Breast tissues from the upper outer quadrant of each side of 27 adult female cadavers were examined after H & E staining. ER and PR were identified and examined by immunohistochemistry. The percentage area occupied by parenchyma relative to stromal tissue was calculated in different age groups and was about 4:6, 3.5:6.5, 3:7, 2:8, and 1.5:8.5 in the 3rd, 4th and 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th, and 10th decades of life, respectively. Both ER and PR were present in all age groups and the numbers of both receptors were maximal during the 4th decade. The distribution and staining patterns for both ER and PR were recorded in different age groups. The contiguous pattern of ER, which is considered pathognomonic of breast carcinoma, was not seen except in one case in the 6th decade. Moderately stained ER and PR receptor sites predominated throughout. The study of normal breast tissue of similar age might provide comparisons that will help histopathologists to make clinical diagnoses from breast biopsies. Clin. Anat. 29:729–737, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can metronomic maintenance with weekly vinblastine prevent early relapse/progression after bevacizumab–irinotecan in children with low‐grade glioma?
Authors: Heng Marie Amélie , Padovani Laetitia , Dory‐Lautrec Philippe , Gentet Jean Claude , Verschuur Arnaud , Pasquier Eddy , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Scavarda Didier , André Nicolas
Published: April 2016

The association of bevacizumab and irinotecan has been shown to display a quick efficacy in low‐grade glioma (LGG), but most patients relapse within months after cessation of therapy. From October 2012 to March 2014, four patients have been treated with irinotecan–bevacizumab followed by a metronomic maintenance with weekly vinblastine to try to prevent relapses. After a median follow‐up of 23 months after the end of the bevacizumab–irinotecan induction, no patient relapsed. These observations suggest that maintenance chemotherapy with weekly vinblastine after an induction by irinotecan–bevacizumab can improve progression‐free survival in children with LGG.
ADH1B and ALDH2 are associated with metachronous SCC after endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kagemoto Kenichi , Urabe Yuji , Miwata Tomohiro , Oka Shiro , Ochi Hidenori , Kitadai Yasuhiko , Tanaka Shinji , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: April 2016

A previous genome‐wide association study identified two novel esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility genes, ADH1B and ALDH2. We investigated the characteristics of ESCC, and the relationship between metachronous esophageal and/or pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the ADH1B & ALDH2 risk alleles. One hundred and seventeen superficial ESCC patients who underwent treatment with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were followed up using endoscopy for ≥12 months. First, we performed a replication analysis to confirm the relationship between ESCC and the ADH1B & ALDH2 risk alleles using 117 superficial ESCC cases and 1125 healthy controls. Next, we investigated the incidence and genetic/environmental factors associated with metachronous SCC development after ESD. We also analyzed the potential risk factors for metachronous SCC development using Cox's proportional hazards model. rs1229984 GG located on ADH1B and rs671 GA located on ALDH2 were significantly associated with ESCC progression (P = 7.93 × 10−4 and P = 1.04 × 10−5). Patients with rs1229984 GG, those with rs671 GA, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers (44 g/day ethanol), and presence of multiple Lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs) developed metachronous SCC more frequently (P = 3.20 × 10−3, 7.00 × 10−4, 4.00 × 10−4, 2.15 × 10−2, and 4.41 × 10−3, respectively), with hazard ratios were 2.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–5.63), 4.57 (95% CI = 1.80–15.42), 4.84 (95% CI = 1.89–16.41), and 2.34 (95% CI = 1.12–5.31), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that rs1229984 GG, rs671 GA, and smoking status were independently associated with the risk of developing metachronous SCCs after ESD. Moreover, we found cumulative effects of these two genetic factors (rs1229984 GG and rs671 GA) and one environmental factor (tobacco smoking) which appear to increase metachrous SCCs after ESD of ESCC risk approximately nearly 12‐fold. Our findings elucidated the crucial role of multiple genetic variations in ADH1B and ALDH2 as biomarkers of metachronous ESCC.
Effect of Liposome Size on Internal RNA Replication Coupled with Replicase Translation
Authors: Sunami Takeshi , Ichihashi Norikazu , Nishikawa Takehiro , Kazuta Yasuaki , Yomo Tetsuya
Published: April 2016

Cell membranes inhibit the diffusion of intracellular materials, and compartment size can strongly affect the intracellular biochemical reactions. To assess the effect of the size of microcompartments on intracellular reactions, we constructed a primitive cell model consisting of giant liposomes and a translation‐coupled RNA replication (TcRR) system. The RNA was replicated by Qβ replicase, which was translated from the RNA in giant liposomes encapsulating the cell‐free translation system. A reporter RNA encoding the antisense strand of β‐glucuronidase was introduced into the system to yield a TcRR read‐out (green fluorescence). We demonstrate that TcRR was hardly detectable in larger liposomes (230 fL) but was more effective in smaller (7.7 fL) liposomes. Our experimental and theoretical results show that smaller microcompartments considerably enhance TcRR because the synthesized molecules, such as RNA and replicases, are more concentrated in smaller liposomes.
Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for small vessels coronary disease: The BVS‐save registry
Authors: Latini Roberto Adriano , Granata Francesco , Ielasi Alfonso , Varricchio Attilio , Moscarella Elisabetta , Tespili Maurizio , Cortese Bernardo
Published: April 2016

Objective

In this study, we investigated long‐term results following bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation in small coronary arteries.

Background

Management of small coronary vessel disease with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is often associated with high recurrencies and an increased risk of late or very late adverse events. Currently, little is known about BVS behavior in this setting.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis in a consecutive all‐comer population was performed in patients that had a BVS implanted for coronary artery disease (CAD) in vessels with reference diameter <2.75 mm. Primary end‐point was the occurrence of BVS failure (any event between target lesion revascularization (TLR) and definite/probable thrombosis) at the longest available follow‐up. Secondary end‐points were device‐oriented clinical outcome (DOCE, a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and TLR) and its single components at 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

A total of 121 patients (133 lesions) were treated between March 2013 and December 2014 at three high volume Italian centers. From baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics emerges a highly complex patient population. Procedural success was obtained in 120 (99.2%) patients. In‐hospital events included one cardiac death. At the longest available clinical follow‐up (average 12 ± 6, median 11.4 months, interquartile ranges (IQR) 8, primary end‐point occurred in 12 patients (9.0%), including 12 (9.0%) TLR and 2 (1.5%) BVS thrombosis. DOCE occurred in 9.0% of cases. The use of overlapping BVS in this setting did not increase the risk of adverse events.

Conclusions

BVS implantation in a highly complex clinical and angiographic setting of small coronary vessels was technically feasible and effective in maintaining vessel patency after 12 months. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early catheterization after initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in children is associated with improved survival
Authors: Abraham Boban P. , Gilliam Erikka , Kim Dennis W. , Wolf Michael J. , Vincent Robert N. , Petit Christopher J.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

The study evaluated the institutional experience with cardiac catheterization on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

Background

There is scant literature on the outcomes of catheterization on ECMO.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all children who underwent catheterization on ECMO from 2003 to 2013. Patients were categorized as cardiomyopathy (CM) or congenital heart disease (CHD).

Results

During the study period, 215 children were placed on cardiac ECMO. Of these, 29.8% underwent 75 catheterization procedures while on ECMO support. The median age of the cohort was 1.5 months (range 0 days −16.7 years) and the median weight was 3.9 kg (2.2–63.1 kg). CM patients constituted 18.8% of the cohort and all of them underwent atrial septoplasty (an atrial septal stent in 7/12 and balloon atrial septoplasty or septostomy in 5). The survival to hospital discharge rate was 83% and the transplant‐free survival rate was 58.3%. CHD patients constituted 81.2% of the cohort. In this group, transcatheter interventions were performed in 40.4% and subsequent surgical interventions in 40.4%. Survival to hospital discharge rate was 34.6% and transplant free survival rate was 32.7%. Overall, 76.7% underwent transcatheter or surgical interventions. The major catheterization complication rate was 6.7%. The mean ECMO‐to‐catheterization time was 1.6 days for survivors and 3.5 days for non‐survivors (P = 0.034). Survival to discharge was better for the CM group compared to the CHD group (P = 0.01). Among CHD, survival was better with transcatheter interventions compared to no interventions or surgical interventions (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Cardiac catheterization and transcatheter interventions on ECMO can be performed with low rate of complications. Catheterization was associated with high rate of interventions. Better survival to hospital discharge was associated with transcatheter interventions, earlier performance of catheterization after ECMO and diagnosis of CM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous pneumothorax due to bronchopleural fistula following reirradiation for locoregionally recurrent squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Ota Takayo , Suzumura Tomohiro , Sugiura Takamune , Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Yonesaka Kimio , Makihara Masaru , Tsukuda Hiroshi , Tada Takuhito , Fukuoka Masahiro
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical Message

Spontaneous pneumothorax following radiotherapy for pulmonary malignancy is an unusual clinical condition. Here, we report a case of a 78‐year‐old male suffering from dyspnea during radiotherapy for squamous cell lung cancer of the right main bronchus. Imaging studies and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed that pneumothorax was due to a bronchopleural fistula.
Imatinib for bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity: a case report and evidence‐base review
Authors: Banakh Iouri , Lam Alice , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Carney Ian , Botha John
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical Message

The evidence supporting therapy with imatinib for bleomycin‐induced pneumonitis (BIP) is equivocal. Further experience is needed to establish its role in BIP management. While it may be considered in the management of BIP, it is important to be mindful of the adverse effects including thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Multiple nodular lesions following Pneumocystis pneumonia in a non‐HIV immunocompromised patient
Authors: Asakura Takanori , Kameyama Naofumi , Ishii Makoto , Kawada Ichiro , Tasaka Sadatomo , Soejima Kenzo , Betsuyaku Tomoko
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical Message

Cytomegalovirus superinfection is associated with a poor prognosis in non‐HIVPneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and can cause deterioration of PCP not only simultaneously but also after initiating PCP treatment. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia should be considered in cases with deterioration after initiating PCP treatment; multiple nodular lesions are useful findings for the diagnosis.
Plasticization and Swelling in Polymeric Membranes in CO2 Removal from Natural Gas
Authors: Suleman Malik Shoaib , Lau Kok Keong , Yeong Yin Fong
Published: April 2016

Removal of CO2 from natural gas is necessary to purify the gas and to enhance its calorific value. Membrane technology is an efficient technique for CO2 removal due to its ease of operation and low cost. Polymeric membranes exhibit excellent separation performance which is affected by plasticization and swelling in the membrane. Recent technological advancements and major problems in polymeric membranes are reported in this review. Separation performance of polymeric membranes is highlighted in terms of permeability and selectivity. Moreover, techniques to overcome the major problems in polymeric membranes are reviewed. Commonly, cross‐linking and thermal treatment are used to minimize the effect of plasticization and swelling in the membrane. For future perspectives, there is a need to find more efficient methods to overcome these problems.
Analytic High‐Pressure Phase Equilibria. Part II: Gas Chromatography and Sampling Method Development
Authors: Fourie Frederick C. v. N. , Schwarz Cara E. , Knoetze Johannes H.
Published: April 2016

The phase equilibria of supercritical CO2‐alkane‐alcohol mixtures were studied using online gas chromatography. Gas chromatograph design criteria and quantitative detector calibration methods are presented. An adapted manual calibration injection technique eliminated liner overload and pressure wave effects. Observation of the cell contents has proven essential for accurate vapor phase sampling. Visuals, often not visible to the naked eye, show that sampling can disrupt an equilibrated high‐pressure system even though pressure and temperature remain constant within 0.1 bar and 0.01 °C. Such disruptions may manifest in one of three phenomena: global mist formation, localized mist formation, or no‐warning droplet formation.
Two‐Step Oxidation of Mxene in the Synthesis of Layer‐Stacked Anatase Titania with Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Tang Huang , Zhuang Shihao , Bao Zhihao , Lao Changshi , Mei Yongfeng
Published: April 2016

Layer‐stacked anatase titania (a‐TiO2) was synthesized with two‐step oxidation of MXene (Ti3C2Tx, T=O, OH, or F). Compared with direct oxidation of MXene in air, the two‐step oxidation process involving additional hydrothermal pre‐oxidation could alleviate the anomalous grain growth of TiO2, and largely keep the fine structure of MXene. The layered structure derived from MXene enabled the synthesized a‐TiO2 to exhibit superior electrochemical properties. Its discharge capacities reached 241.9 and 131.1 mA h g−1 at the current rates of 0.3 and 12 C, respectively. Even after 10 000 cycles at 6 C, its capacity remained at 107.1 mA h g−1, which is approximately 70 % of the initial capacity. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that both diffusive lithium storage in the bulk and interfacial (pseudocapacitive) lithium storage at the surface of layer‐stacked a‐TiO2 contributed to its electrochemical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRIDATION OF HIGH‐PURITY SILICON
Authors: ATKINSON A. , MOULSON A. J. , ROBERTS E. W.
Published: April 2016

Kinetik und Morphologie des Wachstums von Si3N4 auf spektroskopisch reinem Si (Preßlinge und Einkristalle) werden im Temperaturbereich von 1250‐1370°C und bei N2‐Drücken von 20‐760 Torr untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROLYTIC REFINING OF FERRONICKELS
Authors: SABOT J. L. , ROSSET R.
Published: April 2016

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Elektroraffinierung von Ferronickeln in einer Zelle ohne Diaphragma unter Verwendung von 5m CaCl2 ‐Lösung als Elektrolyten bei 98°C beschrieben, mit dem aus Proben mit einem Ni‐Gehalt von 23 ‐ 95% ohne Reinigung des Elektrolyten Ni von 98,7 bis 99,7%iger Reinheit gewonnen werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: ALTERNATING CURRENT IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS OF THE VITREOUS CARBON SODIUM POLYSULFIDE INTERPHASE AT 350°C
Authors: ARMSTRONG R. D. , DICKINSON T. , REID M.
Published: April 2016

Die Arbeitselektrode ist eine rotierende Scheibenelektrode und als Schmelzen werden Na2S3 und Na2S5 verwendet.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANODIC GOLD OXIDE LAYERS. I. POTENTIOSTATIC OXIDE GROWTH AND DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITY
Authors: LOHRENGEL M. M. , SCHULTZE J. W.
Published: April 2016

Das potentiostatische Wachstum von Au‐Oxid‐ Schichten wird bei den pH‐Werten von 0, 2 und 6.2 im Potentialbereich 1,4 V ⩽ ε <=2,3 V (gegen H‐Elektrode in gleicher Lösung) und für Polarisationszeiten zwischen l0‐4 und 103S untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE CHEMISORPTION OF NITRIC OXIDE ON PDY ZEOLITE. EVIDENCE FOR A ROOM TEMPERATURE OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION OF PALLADIUM CRYSTALLITES
Authors: CHE M. , DUTEL J. F. , GALLEZOT P. , PRIMET M.
Published: April 2016

Die NO‐Adsorption an einem PdY‐Zeolith in oxidierter oder reduzierter Form wird IR‐ und EPR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME SIDE CHAIN REACTIONS OF 1‐AMINO‐3,5‐DIFLUORO‐1,3,5‐TRIOXO‐1Λ6,3Λ6,5Λ6,1,3,5‐TRITHI# ATRIAZINE‐AMMONIA (1 1)
Authors: LIN T.‐P. , GLEMSER O.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) ° NH3 reagiert mit Lewis‐ Säuren zu den Verbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CONTINUOUS SILICON CARBIDE FIBERS WITH HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
Authors: YAJIMA S. , OKAMURA K. , HAYASHI J. , OMORI M.
Published: April 2016

Aus Organosiliconfasern (Polycarbosilanpolymeres aus Dodekamethylcyclohexasilan) werden durch Wärmebehandlung (bis 1300°C bei 100°C /h) im Vakuum unendliche SiC‐Fasern mit einer Zerreißfestigkeit von 350 kg/mm2 und einem Elastizitätsmodul von 30 t/mm′ hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF AROMATIC HETEROCYCLES. XII. SYNTHESIS, PROTON AND CARBON‐13 NMR PARAMETERS OF SOME 2‐SUBSTITUTED TELLUROPHENES
Authors: FRINGUELLI F. , GRONOWITZ S. , HOERNFELDT A.‐B. , JOHNSON I. , TATICCHI A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Tellurophen mit Butyllithium und Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Lithioderivates bei tiefen Temperaturen mit Hexachlor‐ bzw. ‐bromäthan werden die Verbindungen (Ia) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR TORSIONAL POTENTIAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF 2,3‐BUTANEDIONE
Authors: HENDERSON G. L. , MEYER G. H.
Published: April 2016

Während das Dipolmoment der Titelverbindung in CCl4‐Lösung bei 298,15 K 1,03 D beträgt, wird für die reine Flüssigkeit der anomale Wert von 1,36 D gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RULE OF AVERAGE ENVIRONMENT AND THE AXIAL COORDINATION IN COPPER(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: KURGANOV A. A. , DAVANKOV V. A.
Published: April 2016

Elektronenspektroskopische Untersuchung der partiellen Beteiligung der verschiedenen Donatoren an der Koordination mit Cu(II)‐Ionen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE 9,10‐ANTHRAQUINONE‐ANTHRAQUINOL COUPLE IN THE SOLID STATE AS ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL OF A SECONDARY GENERATOR
Authors: MATRICALI G. , DIENG M. M. , DUFEU J. F. , GUILLOU M.
Published: April 2016

Die Herstellung einer in sauren Elektrolytlösungen arbeitenden Anthrachinon‐Anthrachinol‐Elektrode wird beschrieben, bei der das aktive Material (Anthrachinon) durch Mischen mit feinverteiltem porösen Graphit und Teflon in Pastillenform oder als Homogenisat mit " Acetylenschwarz" in feste Form gebracht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC USES OF ANODIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
Authors: EBERSON L. , NYBERG K.
Published: April 2016

Übersicht [Prinzipien der Elektrolyse; Klassifizierung organischer Elektrodenreaktionen; direkte und indirekte Elektrolyse; synthetische Anwendung anodischer Substitutionen; Vorteile von Syntheseschemata, die auf anodischen Substitutionen und Additionen basieren; Mechanismen; grundsätzliche und praktische Probleme bei anodischen Synthesen; Anwendungen von anodischen Additions‐ und Substitutionsreaktionen ( ;z.B. Kern‐Acyloxylierung aromatischer Verbindungen, Acetamidierung, Isocyanation, Cyanierung, Dehydrodimerisierung); andere Typen oxidativer Substitutionsreaktionen].
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC FEATURES OF THE OXIDATION OF METHYL BENZENES AT HIGHER ANODIC POTENTIALS
Authors: BEWICK A. , EDWARDS G. J. , MELLOR J. M.
Published: April 2016

Das "linear sweep"‐Voltammogramm von Hexamethylbenzol in Acetonitril zeigt vier gut und zwei weniger gut definierte Wellen, deren erste bei 1,25 Vder Bildung des Mono‐acetamido‐Derivats in einem Zwei‐Elektronen‐Prozeß und deren zweite (bei 1,70 V) der Bildung des Diamids (1,3‐Acetamidomethyl‐tetramethylbenzol) entspricht.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF CARBON‐CARBON BONDS BY USING ORGANOBORANES
Authors: WEILL‐RAYNAL J.
Published: April 2016

In diesem Übersichtsartikel wird die Verwendung von Organoboranen z.B. bei der Alkylierung, Vinylierung, Alkinylierung, Hydroxyalkylierung und Acylierung beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: (4 + 2) CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF HEXACHLOROTROPONE
Authors: AKHTAR M. , BRATBY D. M. , CHADWICK J. C. , FRAY G. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung reagiert mit Acenaphthylen in Xylol unter Rückfluß im Gegensatz zu dem nicht chlorierten Tropon, das [6+4]‐Cycloadditionen unterliegt, zu der endo‐Verbindung (I) und der exo‐Verbindung (II) als 1:2‐Mischung.
ChemInform Abstract: CATIONIC REACTIONS OF 1‐METHYL‐1‐PHENYLCYCLOBUTANE
Authors: FINKEL'SHTEIN E. SH. , MIKAYA A. I. , VDOVIN V. M. , NAMETKIN N. S.
Published: April 2016

Die bei der AlBr3‐ katalysierten Alkylierung von Benzol mit Methylencyclobutan (I) (Reaktionsdauer 8 h) entstehende Titelverbindung (II) geht unter den Bedingungen ihrer Bildung teilweise in die Isomeren (III)‐(V) (Massenspektren; Mechanismus) über.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF STRAINED ACETYLENES WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN. A NOVEL CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTION, EVIDENCE FOR A DIOXETENE, AND A MECHANISM FOR THERMAL GENERATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN
Authors: TURRO N. J. , RAMAMURTHY V. , LIU K.‐C. , KREBS A. , KEMPER R.
Published: April 2016

Das cyclische Acetylen (I) wird in Benzol oder Chlorbenzol bei 90°C durch Luft unter Chemilumineszenz zum Dion (III) oxidiert.