bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Perception and Needs of Parents of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities via Parent to Parent Peer Counseling Education: Based on the Focus Group Interviews
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Cho Youn-Kyung
Published: May 2023

This study was intended to know perception and needs of the parent to parent peer counseling education of individuals with disabilities to support the younger parents to cope with disabilities of their children at the early stage. 6 parents of individuals with disabilities participated the focus group interview who finished the 10 sessions group education and individual in-depth course. The collected data were transcribed and 3 categories and 14 sub-themes were derived through qualitative-comparative content analysis. The results were as followed: First, parents evaluated the parent to parent peer counseling education of individuals with disabilities as giving the positive effects. But they wanted to get more professional contents on disabilities and technical skills on counseling. Second, parents perceived the parent to parent peer counselor as important agent to support the initial parents to accept their child’s disabilities and to live well as social community members. And they viewed the parent to parent peer counselor as omnidirectional supporter to all family members of individuals with developmental disabilities. Third, parents said they wanted to set up the center for the parent to parent peer counselor of individuals with disabilities at community and establish the system of early identification for children with disabilities, and to work there as staffs. Based on these results, proposals for putting the project of the parent to parent peer counselor of individuals with disabilities into practices were suggested.
Effect of Development And Application of Mobile Apps for Guardians for Early Intervention of Infants and Toddlers with Developmental Delays
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Park Jin-Young , Koo Hyo-jin
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early intervention applied through mobile apps for guardians on infants and toddlers with developmental delays. To this end, mobile apps for guardians was developed and early intervention was applied to the test subjects through the developed mobile apps, and the effect was verified through pre- and post-examinations of the test subjects. As a result, first, it was found to have a positive effect on the overall development of infants and toddlers with developmental delays. Second, it was found to have a positive effect on the language development of infants and toddlers with developmental delays. Third, it was found to have a positive effect on the emotional development of infants and toddlers with developmental delays.
Last, it was found that as the number of use increased, promotes the growth of developmental delays in overall development, language, and emotional developments, by checking the frequency of mobile apps usage respectively. This study is meaningful in that it expanded the role of mobile apps as an early intervention tool and attempted to enable early intervention for infants and toddlers with developmental delays at home through mobile apps.
Investigation of the optimum longitudinal single transverse step location for a high-speed craft
Authors:   Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Avci Ahmet Gultekin , Barlas Baris
Published: May 2023

One of the crucial aspects of the conceptual design of a stepped planing hull is the prediction of its performance. To improve performance, the prediction of total resistance must become more accurate. In the field of research, both towing tank experiments and numerical analysis may be used to achieve this goal. In this study, experiments were conducted initially to investigate total resistance of a relatively high-speed craft without a transverse step. Later, numerical computations were carried out to validate the experimental results. After it was determined that the test results and CFD methods were in good agreement, the experimental method continued to investigate the resistance properties of the hull with four different configurations to evaluate the optimal longitudinal position of a single transverse step. The ideal longitudinal position of the single transverse step was evaluated based on a similar relatively high-speed hull with a velocity of up to beam Froude number (FrB) 2.56 in this study, focusing on the FrB range between 2.30 and 2.45.
The effect of relational support, educational support, personal attitudes and uncertainty on entrepreneurial intentions: An empirical investigation of university students
Authors: Dwi Pribadi Joni , Nikmah Farika , Andi Sukma Erlangga , Wardoyo Cipto
Published: May 2023

Entrepreneurship is identical with the risk of uncertain environment or market. This risk makes many university graduates hesitant about pursuing a career as an entrepreneur. So that universities play an important role in producing graduates who are ready for entrepreneurship, to support them in terms of education, in addition to several other supporting factors such as family, friends, and especially themselves. This research objective is to analyze the effect of educational support, relational support, personal attitudes, and uncertainty on entrepreneurial intents. State university students in East Java, Indonesia, became the population in this study. This area was chosen because it is the biggest contributor to successful entrepreneurs in Indonesia. This study used a sample of 113 students. Although limited in number, they were evenly sourced from large and well-known universities, and a good entrepreneurial atmosphere was provided for the students. Statistical tests with AMOS were used to test this relationship. Normality assumption test, validity and reliability test, as well as hypothesis testing, are directed to look for the importance of the connection. Relational support has the strongest influence, followed by personal attitude, uncertainty, and the lowest is educational support. These results indicate that internal forces exert a stronger effect than external stimuli. This study found that academy graduates choose careers as entrepreneurs through various considerations. The strongest consideration is relational support. Those with an entrepreneurial family background have a stronger intention to be entrepreneurs.
Tannery effluent treatment and its environmental impact: a review of current practices and emerging technologies
Authors: Bhardwaj Arpit , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Davinder
Published: May 2023

The tannery industry plays a significant role in the economy but poses a severe environmental threat due to its high water and chemical usage, leading to wastewater generation with a high concentration of pollutants. This wastewater contains a range of contaminants created throughout the leather manufacturing process, making effluent disposal a significant challenge for the industry. The tanning process also contributes significantly to the pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of T Cr, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cl−, sulfate, sulfide, and inorganic constituents in the wastewater. This review paper provides a concise overview of the origins and characteristics of post-tanning effluent, different treatment techniques, and applications of treated wastewater. Comparing the prominent tannery effluent technologies, adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) effectively improved wastewater biodegradability before biological treatment. AOPs, enzymatic, adsorption, and coagulation treatment effectively upgraded the effluent to desired levels for disposal. Additionally, membrane separation processes have shown high pertinency in cases where the treated effluent is intended for reuse, whereas hybrid technologies can be the answer for better and cost-effective results.
Tempo e memória no espaço institucional: expressões da cultura
Authors: Gutierrez Ana Lérida Pacheco , Borges Maria de Lourdes , Bortolaso Ingridi Vargas
Published: May 2023

Determinados aspectos da contemporaneidade vêm provocando discussões sobre os fenômenos de aceleração do tempo e deslocamento das experiências individuais e coletivas para um espaço virtual como formas de manifestação da cultura, cujas consequências são imprevisíveis. Este artigo objetivou apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre a cultura e suas formas de expressão material e imaterial, por meio de uma compreensão articulada e relacional. O estudo parte das categorias de tempo, espaço e memória, relacionando-as à produção de uma cultura material em espaços institucionais. Os resultados indicam que as categorias de tempo, espaço e memória são fundamentais para a compreensão relacional dos fenômenos culturais. Evidencia-se uma promoção do esquecimento, provocado pela aceleração do tempo e pela virtualização do espaço.
Odontologia alternativa com plantas medicinais na Chapada dos Guimarães – Mato Grosso – Brasil1
Authors: Aneliza Meireles BORBA  , Miramy MACEDO  , Luiz Reinaldo de Figueiredo WALTER
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Em Mato Grosso, o uso de espécies vegetais como alternativaterapêutica é transmitido ao longo das gerações. Objetivo: Esta pesquisaobjetivou efetuar o levantamento de espécies vegetais utilizadas pelacomunidade do bairro Santa Cruz, na cidade de Chapada dos Guimarães,suas indicações terapêuticas e formas de uso em relação à saúde bucal.Material e métodos: Foram feitas entrevistas com 40 moradores, medianteabordagem qualitativa. Coletaram-se 65 espécies, posteriormentecatalogadas e depositadas para identificação no UFMT/Herbário Central.Resultados e conclusão: As espécies mais citadas foram a camomila(Matricaria chamomilla L.) para erupção dentária, o açafrão (Crocussativus L.) para estomatites e a arnica-da-serra (Brickelia brasiliensis(Spreng.) Robinson) para dor de dente. A folha foi a parte da planta maisutilizada, e o chá obtido por decocção, a forma de uso mais comum.
Avaliação da resistência de união ao microcisalhamento entre compósitos restauradores e cimentos resinosos
Authors: Rubens Nazareno GARCIA  , Mário Fernando de GÓES  , Marcelo GIANNINI
Published: May 2023

Introdução e objetivo: As técnicas de cimentação adesiva têm sidolargamente utilizadas nas restaurações dentárias. O objetivo desteestudo foi avaliar a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento entrecompósitos restauradores e cimentos resinosos. Material e métodos:Vinte blocos de compósitos foram preparados até a obtenção desuperfícies planas, que foram abrasionadas com lixa de carbeto desilício n.º 600. As amostras foram aleatoriamente divididas em quatrogrupos (n=15), de acordo com os grupos experimentais: 1) bloco deZ250 + Single Bond + cilindro de RelyX ARC; 2) bloco de Z250 +Single Bond + cilindro de Panavia F; 3) bloco de Clearfil AP-X +adesivo do Clearfil SE Bond + cilindro de RelyX ARC; 4) bloco deClearfil AP-X + adesivo do Clearfil SE Bond + cilindro de Panavia F.Os sistemas adesivos e os cimentos resinosos foram aplicados de acordocom os grupos experimentais, usando uma matriz do tipo Tygon. Oscorpos-de-prova foram armazenados em água destilada 37±2ºC por24 h. A resistência de união foi determinada por meio da máquina universal de ensaios Instron, a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min.Resultados: Os resultados obtidos em MPa (DP) foram analisadosestatisticamente (ANOVA e teste de Tukey – p < 0,05) e mostraram osseguintes resultados: 1) 39,76 (5,34); 2) 45,01 (8,53); 3) 46,39 (9,22);4) 45,78 (9,06). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativaentre os grupos 1 e 2 e entre os grupos 3 e 4. Todavia houve diferençaestatística entre os grupos 1 e 3. Conclusão: Quando a base de ClearfilAP-X foi utilizada com o adesivo do Clearfil SE Bond ou o cimentoresinoso RelyX ARC, os valores médios de resistência de união aomicrocisalhamento foram maiores. Os resultados sugerem que emreconstruções morfológicas dentárias, quando for aplicado o cimentoresinoso, o uso de um adesivo hidrófobo sobre o compósitorestaurador é necessário.
Caveolae’s Behavior in Norm and Pathology
Authors: Abdullah Marzoog Basheer
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Caveolins are universal multifunctional physiologically active microparticles that collaborate in the caveolae formation to maintain the metabolic homeostatic balance of the cells. In fact, remarkable advances in the molecular biopathology of caveolae have been made in recent years by exploring the role of caveolae in norm and physiopathology.

Methods:

The current literature data on the caveolae behavior in norm and pathology were revised.

Results:

Caveolae are expressed in various cell types, highly concentrated in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and epithelial cells. Physiologically, caveolae contribute to maintaining a signaling balance between the various homeostatic processes, including pro-growth and pro-survival, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, PKA, SFK, PKC, Akt through regulation of tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MAPK pathways, and their signaling dysfunction is directly attributed to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, regeneration inhibition, neurodegenerative diseases, infection, osteoporosis, diabetes, and tumour induction and progression.

Conclusion:

Regulation of the ratio and penetrance of caveolae activity/expression is a clinically significant potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the current therapies and eliminate the etiopathogenetic pathway of rising homeostatic disorders.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Profile and Follow-up: North Emirate
Hospitals’ Experience
Authors: Osman Ghofran , Yousef Areen , Jhancy Malay , Dana Sarmini , Sekhar Kar Subhranshu
Published: May 2023

Background:

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in children and adolescents due to insulin deficiency. The disease is more common below 19 years of age with two peaks of incidence, one at 4-6 years and the other peak at early puberty (10-14 years). There is a gradual increase in the incidence of type 1 DM and a rise in incidence at 10,200 cases per year in the Middle East. Chronic type-1 diabetic patients develop microvascular and macrovascular complications.

Methods:

The present retrospective cross-sectional study aims to describe the experience on the clinical profile, morbidity profile, and comorbidities of Type1 DM in children below 15 years of age admitted to the SAQR and Fujairah hospitals in the Northern part of United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019. The study material was the digital medical records of children below 15 years who got admitted to emergency and pediatric wards with type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in SAQR and Fujairah hospitals.

Results:

Total admissions during the study period were 98. At the time of diagnosis, 12.2% of children were below five years of age, whereas 87.75% were more than five years. All 98 children were UAE nationals, of which 52% were males and 48% were females. 50% of our study population has a strong family history of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, of which 12.2% of siblings of the study population had T1DM. The first symptoms in 58% and 57% of children were polyuria and polydipsia. Among 90 % of children under follow-up for three years, one child developed microalbuminuria, three developed systolic hypertension, and 8% were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:

The present study highlights the need for future prospective studies in the UAE to know the actual burden of the disease with an emphasis on early screening.
Performance of Green Desymmetrization Methods toward Bioactive
Cephalostatin Analogues
Authors: Nawasreh Mansour , Tahtamouni Lubna
Published: May 2023

Since the discovery of cephalostatins, which have shown remarkable activity
against human cancer cells, they have attracted the attention of researchers to target the
synthesis of such impressive, complicated molecules using the green desymmetrization
approach. In the current review, we report the progress in the desymmetrization of symmetrical
bis-steroidal pyrazines (BSPs) as an approach toward potentially active anti--
cancer agents, namely cephalostatins/ ritterazines. The achievement of synthesizing a
gram-scaled prodrug with comparable activity to the potent natural cephalostatins using
green methods is our primary target. These synthetic methods can be scaled up based on
the symmetrical coupling (SC) of two steroidal units of the same type. Our secondary target
is the discovery of new green pathways that help in structural reconstruction programming
toward the total synthesis of at least one potentially active family member. The
strategy is based on functional group interconversions with high flexibility and brevity using
green selective methods. The introduction of controlling groups using nontrivial reconstruction
methodologies forms the backbone of our work. After certain modifications
to the symmetrical BSP starting material, the resulting analogs underwent several chemoselective
transformations through three main routes in rings F, D, and C. One of these
routes is the chemoselective spiroketal opening (ring-F). The second route was the functionalization
of the Δ14,15 bond (ring-D), including chlorination/dechlorination, in addition
to epoxidation/ oxygenation processes. Finally, the introduction of the C-11 methoxy
group as a directing group on ring-C led to several chemoselective transformations. Moreover,
certain transformations on C-12 (ring-C), such as methylenation, followed by hydroboration-
oxidation, led to a potentially active analog. The alignment of these results
directs us toward the targets. Our efforts culminated in preparing effective anti-cancer
prodrugs (8, 24, 30, and 31), which are able to overcome cancer drug resistance (chemoresistance)
by inducing the atypical endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis pathway,
which works through the release of Smac/Diablo and the activation of caspase-4.
#This work is dedicated to Professor Helmut Duddeck-Leibniz Hannover University on his 77th
Birthday on 19.06.2023.
Genipin Inhibits the Development of Osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Xiongjie , Jiwa Habu , Xu Jingtao , Zhang Jun , Huang Yanran , Luo Xiaoji
Published: May 2023

Background:

Osteosarcoma is a highly invasive and early metastatic tumor. At present, the toxic
and side effects of chemotherapy affect the quality of life of cancer patients to varying degrees. Genipin is an
extract of the natural medicine gardenia with various pharmacological activities.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Genipin on osteosarcoma and its potential
mechanism of action.

Methods:

Crystal violet staining, MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect the effect of
genipin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma. The effects of vitexin on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma
were detected by scratch healing assay and transwell assay. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to
detect the effect of genipin on apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. The expression of related proteins was detected
by Western blot. An orthotopic tumorigenic animal model was used to verify the effect of genipin on osteosarcoma
in vivo.

Results:

The results of crystal violet staining, MTT method and colony formation method proved that genipin
significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. The results of the scratch healing assay and transwell
assay showed that gen significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The results
of Hoechst staining and flow cytometry showed that genipin significantly promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma
cells. The results of animal experiments show that genipin has the same anti-tumor effect in vivo.
Genipin may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT signaling.

Conclusion:

Genipin can inhibit the growth of human osteosarcoma cells, and its mechanism may be related to
the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Cannabis sativa in Phytotherapy: Reappraisal of Therapeutic Potential and Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Gupta Priya , Singh Archu , Shafi Sadat , Ralli Tanya , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Sultana Yasmin , Kohli Kanchan
Published: May 2023

Cannabis sativa is widely used as a folk medicine in many parts of the globe and has been reported to be a treasure trove of phytoconstituents, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Accumulating evidence from various pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed the therapeutic potential of these constituents in various pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, neurological disorders, and cancer. However, the psychoactive effect and addiction potential associated with Cannabis use limited its clinical application. In the past two decades, extensive research on Cannabis has led to a resurgence of interest in the clinical application of its constituents, particularly cannabinoids. This review summarizes the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of various phytoconstituents of Cannabis. Furthermore, recently developed nanoformulations of Cannabis constituents have also been reviewed. Since Cannabis is often associated with illicit use, regulatory aspects are of vital importance and this review therefore also documented the regulatory aspects of Cannabis use along with clinical data and commercial products of Cannabis.
Impact Evaluations of Articles in Current Drug Delivery based on Web of
Science
Authors: Yu Deng-Guang , Xu Lin
Published: May 2023

A total of 1534 and 308 articles were published in the journal Current Drug Delivery (CDD),
from 2004 and 2019 to 2021, respectively. In this commentary, their impacts were analyzed based on
search data about citation times in the Web of Science. These publications were categorized from different
standpoints and evaluated in terms of their citations, particularly in the year 2021. The thematic,
contemporary, and local features of these articles, as well as the article types and publication formats,
were interpreted. Results demonstrated that CDD should be loyal to the contents about drug delivery,
particularly nano-drug delivery systems and nano-pharmaceutical technologies. Publications from the
developing and developed countries and regions showed no remarkable differences; therefore, submissions
are similarly welcomed. Research articles and review articles are the main stream of CDD. The
ratio of review papers is about 30%, which is reasonable but should not be further extended. Moreover,
open publications with an article processing charge always have a high impact than those with subscription.
Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-based Approaches to Atopic Dermatitis
and Emerging Trends in Drug Development and Design
Authors: Amisha  , Singh Dilpreet , Kurmi Balak Das , Singh Amrinder
Published: May 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as Eczema, is a non-communicable skin condition
that tends to become chronic. The deteriorating immunological abnormalities are marked by mild
to severe erythema, severe itching, and recurrent eczematous lesions. Different pharmacological approaches
are used to treat AD. The problem with commercial topical preparations lies in the limitation
of skin atrophy, systemic side effects, and burning sensation that decreases patient compliance. The
carrier-based system promises to eliminate these shortcomings; thus, a novel approach to treating AD
is required. Liposomes, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanoemulsions, etc., have
been developed recently to address this ailment. Despite extensive research in the development method
and various techniques, it has been challenging to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of these carrier-
based systems, which illustrates a gap among the different research areas. Further, different soft
wares and other tools have proliferated among biochemists as part of a cooperative approach to drug
discovery. It is crucial in designing, developing, and analyzing processes in the pharmaceutical industry
and is widely used to reduce costs, accelerate the development of biologically innovative active
ingredients, and shorten the development time. This review sheds light on the compilation of extensive
efforts to combat this disease, the product development processes, commercial products along with
patents in this regard, numerous options for each step of computer-aided drug design, including in silico
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity screening or predictions that are important in
finding the drug-like compounds.
Uric Acid Elevation by Fructose Overload Exacerbates Nash and Atherosclerosis via Oxidative Stress
Authors: Fujii Moe , Kakimoto Mai , Sato Ikumi , Honma Koki , Kirihara Sora , Nakayama Hinako , Fukuoka Taketo , Hirohata Satoshi , Kitamori Kazuya , Ran Shang , Yamamoto Shusei , Watanabe Shogo
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is well associated with an increased
risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), regardless of risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However,
intermediary factors between NASH and CVD remain unknown. In recent years, hyperuricemia has
been associated not only with gout but also with several other organ diseases, such as hypertension,
chronic renal failure, and metabolic syndrome. In addition, hyperuricemia was shown to frequently
occur in patients with NASH and could be a risk factor for CVD. Furthermore, serum uric acid
(UA) levels have been linked with fructose intake.

Objectives:

We hypothesized that fructose loading elevates UA levels and exacerbates NASH and
atherosclerosis via oxidative stress.

Methods:

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP5/Dmcr), between 14 to 24 weeks
of age, were divided into two groups and fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet. In addition
to the HFC diet, the fructose group was subjected to 10% fructose loading. The oral glucose tolerance
test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed at 25-week-old, followed by
blood sampling, animal sacrifice, endothelial function test, blood biochemistry, histopathological
staining, xanthine oxidase activity test, and genetic analysis performed at 26-week-old.

Results:

Fructose loading increased UA and oxidative stress levels. In addition, fructose loading
induced insulin resistance. The fructose group exhibited aggravated hepatic fibrosis and lipid deposition,
as well as enhanced lipid accumulation in the mesenteric arteries.

Conclusion:

In the SHRSP5/Dmcr rat model, elevated UA levels were a risk factor for the exacerbation
of NASH and atherosclerosis via oxidative stress.
Myocardial Infarction as a Consequence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wal Pranay , Aziz Namra , Singh Yash Kumar , Wal Ankita , Kosey Sourabh , Rai Awani Kumar
Published: May 2023

Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable ischemic
syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue
or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen
supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stress. Oxidative metabolism
is the function of mitochondria within the cell. Cardiac cells being highly oxidative tissue
generates about 90% of their energy through oxidative metabolism. In this review, we focused on
the role of mitochondria in energy generation in myocytes as well as its consequences on heart
cells causing cell damage. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, production
of reactive oxygen species, and anaerobic production of lactate as a failure of oxidative metabolism
are also discussed
Computer Tomography (CT)-based Screening of Hospitalized Patients with
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated by Bronchiectasis
Phenotype during Acute Exacerbation: A Clinical Analysis
Authors: Zhao Jingmei , Wu Yiping , Zhang Kai , Zhang Hongfeng , Ren Hongbo , Wang Yonghong
Published: May 2023

Background:

In the past, many experts considered chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis to be separate, chronic respiratory diseases. Nonetheless, the widespread use of high-resolution lung computed tomography (CT) has led to the discovery that these diseases can occur alone or together.

Aim:

The current study aimed to compare the effects of nutritional status on the clinical outcomes in moderate to severe COPD patients with bronchiectasis.

Objective:

This study identifies the nutritional risk in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COPD complicated by bronchiectasis phenotype during acute exacerbation screened using computer tomography (CT). Also, determines its correlation with disease progression.

Materials and Methods:

NRS 2002 (Nutrition Risk Screening Evaluation Tool) was used to determine and evaluate the nutritional risk status in 182 hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COPD complicated by bronchiectasis phenotype during an acute exacerbation. Selected patients were divided into the nutritional risk (NR) group and the non-nutritional risk (NNR) group according to their nutritional status determined by NRS 2002. The body mass index (BMI), serum albumin (ALB), pre albumin (PAB), lymphocyte count (TLC), FEV1/FVC, FEV1% predicted, PEF% predicted, blood gas analysis, number of acute exacerbations in the past year, number of respiratory failure cases, number of anti-infection days, and length of hospitalization of the two groups were observed.

Results:

The hospitalized patients in acute exacerbation of moderate to severe COPD complicated by bronchiectasis phenotype had a nutritional risk of 62.64%. BMI, ALB, PAB, TLC, FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC, PEF% predicted, blood gas analysis, number of acute exacerbations in the past year, number of respiratory failure cases, number of anti-infection days, and length of hospitalization were statistically significantly different between the NR group and NNR group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COPD complicated by bronchiectasis phenotype during acute exacerbation are often associated with nutritional risk. An increase in nutritional risk reduces the level of pulmonary function of the patient and elevates the risk for repeated acute exacerbations, which predispose the patient to respiratory failure, thereby increasing the length of hospitalization. Therefore, the nutritional risk status of COPD patients with bronchiectasis was closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease.
The Burden of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Medical and Nurse Italian
University Student Population: The VANVITELLI-IBS Survey
Authors: Gravina Antonietta Gerarda , Pellegrino Raffaele , Romeo Mario , Palladino Giovanna , Cipullo Marina , Iadanza Giorgia , Olivieri Simone , Zagaria Giuseppe , Mazzarella Chiara , Durante Tommaso , Federico Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Background:

The increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among
medical and nursing students is a global challenge. Unfortunately, data on the Italian medical and
nurse student population are scarce. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of
IBS in this setting and to evaluate the demographic, university, Mediterranean diet adherence, and
anxiety factors associated with its increased presence.

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of IBS, anxiety levels, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet
in medical and nursing university students.

Methods:

An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to participants. Several demographic and
educational variables were assayed, and the presence of symptoms associated with the definition of
IBS (according to Rome IV criteria). In addition, anxiety levels and adherence to the Mediterranean
diet were also assessed.

Results:

Of 161 students, 21.11% met the Rome IV criteria for IBS. Some subgroups, the out-ofcourse
students or no scholarship recipients, were found to have a higher percentage of IBS (p <
0.05). Being out-of-course was shown to be associated with an increased and unreported risk of
presenting IBS (OR: 8.403, p < 0.001). Levels of anxiety and adherence to the Mediterranean diet
were significantly worse in the IBS group (p < 0.01). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was
associated with a reduced risk of presenting IBS in our setting (OR 0.258, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Our sample of Italian medical and nursing students recorded a non-negligible
percentage of IBS. Therefore, screening and awareness campaigns could be suggested.
Anaesthesia-induced Changes in Genomic Expression Leading to
Neurodegeneration
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Saad , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Alzarea Sami I. , Kazmi Imran , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Afzal Obaid , Altamimi Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz , Albratty Mohammed , Najmi Asim , Gupta Gaurav
Published: May 2023

General anaesthetics (GA) have been in continuous clinical use for more than 170 years,
with millions of young and elderly populations exposed to GA to relieve perioperative discomfort and
carry out invasive examinations. Preclinical studies have shown that neonatal rodents with acute and
chronic exposure to GA suffer from memory and learning deficits, likely due to an imbalance between
excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.
However, the mechanisms behind anaesthesia-induced alterations in late postnatal mice have yet to be
established. In this narrative review, we present the current state of knowledge on early life anaesthesia
exposure-mediated alterations of genetic expression, focusing on insights gathered on propofol,
ketamine, and isoflurane, as well as the relationship between network effects and subsequent biochemical
changes that lead to long-term neurocognitive abnormalities. Our review provides strong evidence
and a clear picture of anaesthetic agents' pathological events and associated transcriptional changes,
which will provide new insights for researchers to elucidate the core ideas and gain an in-depth understanding
of molecular and genetic mechanisms. These findings are also helpful in generating more evidence
for understanding the exacerbated neuropathology, impaired cognition, and LTP due to acute
and chronic exposure to anaesthetics, which will be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of
many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Given the many procedures in medical practice that require
continuous or multiple exposures to anaesthetics, our review will provide great insight into the
possible adverse impact of these substances on the human brain and cognition.
A Case of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Sani Elena , Da Prato Giuliana , Gremes Veronica , Valletta Francesco , Bariani Matilde , Zenti Maria Grazia
Published: May 2023

Background:

Wernicke's encephalopathy, resulting from thiamine deficiency, is a rare but serious neurological complication of bariatric procedures. A clinical and radiologic diagnosis is often difficult, and thiamine blood tests are not broadly available. Only a few cases of Wernicke’s enceph-alopathy after sleeve gastrectomy have been reported in the literature, nonetheless, subjects can be underdiagnosed, and their cases can be underreported.

Case Presentation:

We present the case of a 20-year-old female patient who developed Wernicke’s encephalopathy after sleeve gastrectomy for grade II obesity with metabolic complications. She was presented to the Emergency Department showing confusion, gait ataxia and horizontal nystagmus two months after surgery. Persistent vomiting and lack of compliance with vitamin intake were reported. Cerebral MRI showed acute bilateral lesions in the periaqueductal and periventricular regions. Paren-teral thiamine supplementation was administered, obtaining a progressive resolution of altered mental status, motor ataxia, and nystagmus. She was discharged on oral thiamine supplementation and un-derwent a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program, since anterograde, retrograde, and working memory impairment persisted. After a 2-year follow-up, she was compliant with a balanced fraction-ated diet and vitamin supplementation. A new cerebral MRI showed regression of the neuroradiolog-ical findings, but minimal memory impairment remained.

Conclusion:

Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a concrete possibility after sleeve gastrectomy and should always be suspected in patients with recurrent vomiting, poor nutritional intake, and non-compliance to vitamin supplementation. Immediate and aggressive thiamine supplementation is mandatory to pre-vent patients from irreversible neurological impairment, even though full recovery is not always achieved.
Impact of Gaussian Traps on the Characteristics of L-shaped Tunnel
Field-effect Transistor
Authors: Chander Sweta , Sinha Sanjeet Kumar , Chaudhary Rekha
Published: May 2023

Background:

Internet of Things (IoT) applications require high-performance TFET
devices that can be efficiently integrated with the cyber world and physical world.

Objectives:

The impact of introducing Gaussian traps in hetero-junction tunneling-field-effecttransistors
(TFET) with an L-shaped gate is presented.

Methods:

The 2-D TCAD study of different characteristics, like input, output characteristics, and
noise spectral density with trap and without trap, has been performed.

Results:

The simulation results showed that in L-shaped TFET (L_TFET), the high on-current of
1.93×10-5 A/μm, low off-current/leakage current of 1.09×10-13 A/μm, and steep sub-threshold
slope (SS) of 24 mV/dec without traps and on-current of 8.46×10-6 A/μm, off-current of 2.86×10-
11 A/μm, and degraded SS with traps are observed. They also indicated that the presence of traps
reduces gate-drain capacitance (Cgd), while gate-source capacitance (Cgs) remains unaffected. In
addition, in L_TFET, the drain current noise spectral density (SID) of 7.63 E-21 (A2/Hz) at LF and
2.69 E-26 (A2/Hz) at HF while the noise voltage spectral density (SVG) of 7.33 E-4 (V2/Hz) at LF
and 2.59 E-15 (V2/Hz) at HF without traps have been investigated in this study. The inverse dependence
of drain current noise spectral density on frequency has been observed to lower the effect
of noise at HF.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the proposed L_TFET device is free from ambipolarity conduction
and can be well-suited for low-power applications.
An Exceptional Valorization of CuO Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids as an
Efficient Medium for the Electrophilic Substitution of Indole Towards the
Formation of Bis(indolyl)methanes
Authors: Bhirud Sangita , Sarode Chandrakant , Gupta Gaurav , Chaudhari Ganesh
Published: May 2023

Aim:

Ionic liquids are promising green solvents with simple but unique structure-related physical properties such as negligible vapour pressure, exceptional thermal conductivity, remarkable thermal stability and their suitability and inertness towards a broad range of catalytic applications. CuO NPs have been addressed as a cost-effective and a reagent of a choice that necessitates only mild reaction conditions to offer a high yield of the desired products with exceptional selectivity in a short duration of time. Therefore, in the present work, attempts have been made to explore the catalytic potentials of CuO NPs in an ionic liquid medium to synthesize biologically important bis(indolyl)methanes.

Background:

Catalytic explorations of metal oxide nanoparticles in ionic liquids offers a cooperative
effect that has a significant impact on the kinetics as well as on the outcome of the reaction. Therefore,
such catalytic systems in the present times have seized the scientific community's interest from the
perspectives of sustainable development in synthetic organic chemistry. The combination of metal oxide
nanoparticles with highly tunable ionic liquids is not only used to synthesize simple organic molecules
but also explored in the synthesis of complex organic molecules of high commercial and biological
relevance.

Objectives:

The current work offers a rapid and robust protocol for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methanes
via electrophilic substitution reaction between indole and various aldehydes in the presence of a CuO
nanoparticles-ionic liquid system. The discussion focuses on the high tolerance of different functionalities
by the catalytic system leading to the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.

Methods:

CuO NPs have been synthesized via the co-precipitation method using ionic liquid. The applicability
of metal oxide nanoparticles-IL matrix was further investigated in synthesizing bis(indolyl)methanes.

Results:

The FT-IR absorption below 600 cm-1 and the XRD pattern showing all the peaks in the diffraction
diagram revealed the formation of CuO NPs. FESEM images show the flake-shaped morphology
of CuO NPs and are found to be separated from the agglomerated clusters

Conclusion:

Ionic liquid-CuO NPs matrix reveals good to exceptional catalytic properties, and their
advancements as a catalytic system at room temperature open new avenues for synthetic organic
chemists.
Finding the Potential Inhibitory Activity of Vilanterol versus Budesonide
towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq
Published: May 2023

The fast and widespread spread of a novel human coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlights the urgent need to identify a potential drug to combat COVID-19 infection. In this letter, we investigated drug repurposing as an appealing technique that can help with drug development by repurposing existing drugs to treat illnesses apart from their initial indications. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using GROMACS (200ns) were carried out for Vilanterol Versus Budesonide towards COVID-19 Mpro. The results indicated that the RMSD, RMSF, Radius of gyration, and Hydrogen-bond analysis favored Vilanterol over Budesonide. Animal investigations and reliable clinical trials will eventually be required to establish the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of these drugs.
The Dynamics of Inter-firm Cooperation within Global Business
Authors:   University of Gadjah Mada, Mohan Nazala Rochdi
Published: May 2023

Inter-firm cooperation has been a long-established practice within the modern world of business. This paper, therefore, aims at examining this fact by tracking the dynamics of inter-firm cooperation in the past three centuries. The finding suggests that the purpose of strategic alliances among industries has altered after 1945. Industrial alliances prior to 1945 were motivated by increasing profits through market sharing, thus they operated like cartels. The cooperative capitalistic system was in question, nevertheless, when the idea of liberalism flourished after 1945. Major power such as the United States and its allies urged countries began to establish anti abuse of cooperation regulations and firms to start adopting competitive models of business. The inter-firm cooperation, in fact, did not diminish. Since the beginning of 1980s, there has been a trend for the re-emergence of the cooperative model of business between international firms. Unlike in the pre-World War II era, strategic alliance today has been established particularly within industries where innovation and technological development is crucial. Some factors have been identified as to shape this new development, including the governments’ permission, an increasing cost for research and development, the emergence new competitors across the globe, and the need for developing expertise.
The US Foreign Policy towards China during Trump Administration
Authors:   Central China Normal University, Lestari Yuliannova , Kusumah Fardana ,   Central China Normal University
Published: May 2023

To analyze the administration's Asia-Pacific strategy, its implementation is addressed, with the Trans-Pacific Partnership as the most essential part. When the PRC strengthened under Xi Jinping, China's aspirations and reaction to Obama's policies were to examine the potential of more engagement and the Sino American relationship as Trump assumed office in 2017. Trump maintained a combative foreign policy against China, eschewing dialogue. Trump's rejection of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which was Obama's most important Asia-Pacific policy, his tariffs on Chinese exports, which sparked a trade war, and his attempt to halt Huawei's 5G network for allegedly being a Chinese spying instruments are all relevant issues. The Trump administration wanted to pursue the same ends as the engagement strategy, but through confrontation rather than engagement; to decouple from China, persuade other nations to join America in opposition to China, and bring about a Cold War-like world; or if US foreign policy had shed its idealism, putting "America First" to reach modest concessions on unfair Chinese trade practices on a bilateral basis.
Infected Urachal Cyst in Adult
Authors: Ekaputra Aditya Airlangga , Daryanto Besut , Seputra Kurnia Penta
Published: May 2023

Infected urachal cyst is one of urachal spectrum abnormalities. It usually presents in children because obliteration normally happened at early infancy. Rare case occurs in adult either can be small incidence or unrecognized symptoms until adulthood. Only small numbers of literature reported. The urachus is a tube extending from the anterior roof of the vesica urinaria to the umbilicus along the midline. The urachus is a vestigial fibromuscular structure located anterior to the fascia transversalis and posterior to the peritoneum. The presence of an embryonic urachal remnant can result in a variety of clinical complications. Due to the rarity of urachal residual disorders and the possibility of vague stomach or urinary symptoms, it is difficult to make a firm preoperative diagnosis. A 32-year-old female was referred to Saiful Anwar General Hospital after suffering abdominal pain for two months; the perineum felt the pain. There was a history of dysuria and nausea since the previous month, but no history of fever or change in bowel habits. Abdominal ultrasound showed an abscess at the anterior bladder and MRI showed an infected cyst mass in the suprapubic pointing to the left umbilical. Partial cystectomy and uterus biopsy were performed. The histopathologic result showed chronic inflammation tissue, and no malignancy was found. Misdiagnosis may lead to many complications such as progressive infection until malignancy therefore early detection of this case is important.
Serous Retinal Detachment in Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review of Case Report
Authors: Putra Iqra Haikal Hamas , Anggraini Meilisva Audila , Kawi Junior David Giffard , Andari Marie Yuni , Danianto Ario
Published: May 2023

Serous Retinal Detachment is one of the preeclampsia complications which may be identified during the third trimester of pregnancy or postpartum period that may be related to pregnancy condition. We review case reports related to serous retinal detachment in preeclamptic patients from online databases such as MEDLINE/Pubmed and Science Direct from 2011 to 2021 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Authors independently screened abstracts of articles retrieved articles that were considered potentially relevant, and extracted the articles obtained. From 17 articles, serous retinal detachment is higher in severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (88%). Most patients were indicated to do caesarean section (71%) as their mode of delivery due to managing severe preeclampsia. Although most patients (94%) reported retinal detachment involving the macular area, complete resolution was observed in all the patients (94%). Early detection of serous retinal detachment may increase awareness of early detection of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.