bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent artificial receptor-based membrane assay (FARMA) for spatiotemporally resolved monitoring of biomembrane permeability
Authors: Biedermann Frank , Ghale Garima , Hennig Andreas , Nau Werner M.
Published: July 2020

The spatiotemporally resolved monitoring of membrane translocation, e.g., of drugs or toxins, has been a long-standing goal. Herein, we introduce the fluorescent artificial receptor-based membrane assay (FARMA), a facile, label-free method. With FARMA, the permeation of more than hundred organic compounds (drugs, toxins, pesticides, neurotransmitters, peptides, etc.) through vesicular phospholipid bilayer membranes has been monitored in real time (µs-h time scale) and with high sensitivity (nM-µM concentration), affording permeability coefficients across an exceptionally large range from 10–9–10–3 cm s–1. From a fundamental point of view, FARMA constitutes a powerful tool to assess structure-permeability relationships and to test biophysical models for membrane passage. From an applied perspective, FARMA can be extended to high-throughput screening by adaption of the microplate reader format, to spatial monitoring of membrane permeation by microscopy imaging, and to the compartmentalized monitoring of enzymatic activity.
Multiple signals evoked by unisensory stimulation converge onto cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells in mice
Authors: Shimuta Misa , Sugihara Izumi , Ishikawa Taro
Published: July 2020

The cerebellum receives signals directly from peripheral sensory systems and indirectly from the neocortex. Even a single tactile stimulus can activate both of these pathways. Here we report how these different types of signals are integrated in the cerebellar cortex. We used in vivo whole-cell recordings from granule cells and unit recordings from Purkinje cells in mice in which primary somatosensory cortex (S1) could be optogenetically inhibited. Tactile stimulation of the upper lip produced two-phase granule cell responses (with latencies of ~8 ms and 29 ms), for which only the late phase was S1 dependent. In Purkinje cells, complex spikes and the late phase of simple spikes were S1 dependent. These results indicate that individual granule cells combine convergent inputs from the periphery and neocortex and send their outputs to Purkinje cells, which then integrate those signals with climbing fiber signals from the neocortex.
A Prediction of Future States: AI-powered Chemical Innovation for Defense Applications
Authors: Stukenbroeker Tyler , Clausen Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Chemical research has reached a point where the complexity and quantity of data are too great for manual human analysis. Enter the machines. Artificial intelligence is not only becoming an integral part of data analysis but also emerging in other parts of the research workflow, including experimental design and execution. This revolution will be examined broadly but with a particular emphasis on the U.S. Department of Defense, where these technologies are uniquely capable of supporting dynamic and unconventional applications. This chapter will discuss progress in computer-aided synthesis planning (Section 6.1), challenges acquiring and working with chemical data for machine learning (Section 6.2), potential solutions to these challenges (Section 6.3), and their integration into the research workflow (Section 6.4). It is not intended to be a comprehensive review but rather a survey of the emerging challenges and opportunities through the lens of recent research.
Artificial Intelligence Applied to the Prediction of Organic Materials
Authors: Bennett Steven , Tarzia Andrew , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Jelfs Kim E.
Published: July 2020

Artificial intelligence is beginning to significantly increase the rate at which new materials are discovered, by influencing almost all aspects of the materials design process, especially structure and property prediction. Embracing more efficient, data-driven approaches has the potential to significantly increase the number of organic materials that can be screened for useful applications. However, there are various challenges, including representing extended materials in a machine-readable format and obtaining sufficient amounts of training data to generate useful predictive models. This chapter discusses some of the key artificial intelligence techniques that have been applied to organic material prediction and discovery and covers examples of the application of artificial intelligence to the fields of porous organic materials, organic electronics, and organic systems with other desired physical properties.
Demystifying Artificial Neural Networks as Generators of New Chemical Knowledge: Antimalarial Drug Discovery as a Case Study
Authors: Speck-Planche Alejandro , Kleandrova Valeria V.
Published: July 2020

Artificial neural networks have revolutionized the drug discovery process. Nevertheless, two handicaps associated with this class of machine learning methods still remain: a) their lack of interpretability and b) the inability to simultaneously include several stages of the drug discovery process. This chapter intends to demonstrate that computational models based on artificial neural networks can be used in a chemistry-friendly manner to accelerate the design of virtually new, potent, and safe therapeutics at the preclinical level. We report the first multi-scale model for quantitative structure-biological effect relationships based on an ensemble of artificial neural networks (ms-QSBER-EL). The purpose of this model was to simultaneously predict the antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity, and the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemicals. The model displayed accuracy higher than 90% in both training and test sets. The different molecular descriptors present in the ms-QSBER-EL model were interpreted from a physicochemical and structural point of view. Such interpretations permitted the extraction and selection of different molecular fragments that were assembled, leading to the design of ten molecules. Six of these molecules were predicted by the ms-QSBER-EL model as potent and safe antimalarial agents. The designed molecules complied with Lipinski's rule of five and its variants.
Adsorption energy scaling relation on bimetallic magnetic surfaces: role of surface magnetic moments
Authors: Ram Swetarekha , Lee Seung-Cheol , Bhattacharjee Satadeep
Published: July 2020

Linear scaling of adsorption energies in terms of surface magnetic moments.
Accurate reproducing kernel-based potential energy surfaces for the triplet ground states of N2O and dynamics for the N + NO ↔ O + N2and N2+ O → 2N + O reactions
Authors: Koner Debasish , San Vicente Veliz Juan Carlos , Bemish Raymond J. , Meuwly Markus
Published: July 2020

Reproducing kernel-based potential energy surface based on MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pVTZ energies for the triplet states of N2O and quasiclassical dynamical study for the reaction, dissociation and vibrational relaxation.
Entangled iodine and hydrogen peroxide formation in ice
Authors: Baek Yong Su , Kim Kitae , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Min Dae Wi , Kim Bomi , Choi Wonyong , Choi Cheol Ho
Published: July 2020

Simultaneous formations of H2O2and iodine with and without sunlight in acidic icy water.
Graphene quantum dot-sensitized Zn-MOFs for efficient visible-light-driven carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Wei Ding , Tang Wang , Gan Yundan , Xu Xiqing
Published: July 2020

A new hybrid Zn-Bim-His-1@GQD nanoparticle has been successfully developed for high selectivity of CO2 reduction to yield CH4.
Facile C–N coupling of coordinated ammonia and labile carbonyl or acetonitrile promoted by a thiolate-bridged dicobalt reaction scaffold
Authors: Li Jianzhe , Yang Dawei , Tong Peng , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping
Published: July 2020

A Co2S2 functional scaffold can facilely achieve NH3 activation and further functionalization for C–N bond formation by the cooperative effect.
The reactions of chlorine dioxide with inorganic and organic compounds in water treatment: kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Gan Wenhui , Ge Yuexian , Zhong Yu , Yang Xin
Published: July 2020

The reaction kinetics and mechanisms of ClO2reactions with inorganic and organic compounds are overviewed.
Humic acid's (HA) role in NDMA formation from daminozide (DMNZD) during ozonation
Authors: Qi Huan , Lin Qing , Chen Mengyi , Liao Xiaobin , Chen Jie , Li Fei , Yuan Baoling
Published: July 2020

Daminozide (DMNZD) has been found to be an important ozone-reactive N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursor; moreover, the influence of humic acid (HA) on NDMA formation from daminozide during ozonation is unclear.
2D van der Waals heterostructures: processing, optical properties and applications in ultrafast photonics
Authors: He Junshan , Wang Cong , Zhou Bo , Zhao Yu , Tao Lili , Zhang Han
Published: July 2020

The investigation of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has been becoming an attractive research topic. This review aims to present a thorough summarization of the research progress of vdW heterostructures in ultrafast photonics.
Surface vs. core N/S/Se-heteroatom doping of carbon nanodots produces divergent yet consistent optical responses to reactive oxygen species
Authors: Geng Xu , Congdon Thomas R. , Anees Palapuravan , Greschner Andrea A. , Vetrone Fiorenzo , Gauthier Marc A.
Published: July 2020

This study explores chemical changes that occur to five carbon nanodots upon exposure to oxidants, and relates these to changes of their optical properties.
Octamolybdate-based hybrid constructed by flexible bis-triazole ligands: synthesis, photocatalytic and electrochemical properties
Authors: Chi Jiaqi , Fan Mingyue , Su Zhongmin , Li Xiao , Sun Jing , Zhou Chen , Hu Xiaoli
Published: July 2020

A novel polyoxometalate-based organic–inorganic hybrid compound was synthesized via a facile in situ hydrothermal reaction. 1 exhibits selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes and the great property to electrocatalytically reduce H2O2 and NaNO2.
Luminescence sensing, DFT, extraction and monitoring of Cr3+ and Al3+via the application of first derivative fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Mukherjee Soma , Betal Soumi , Chattopadhyay Asoke Prasun
Published: July 2020

Turn-on recognition of an anthracene-based Schiff base followed by the use of a sensitive technique for metal estimation without prior separation.
A simple, cost-effective and selective analysis of glucose via electrochemical impedance sensing based on copper and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Yan Yu , Huang Qingshuang , Liang Guobin , Qiu Fengxian , Ye Zhaolian , Liu Dan
Published: July 2020

Cu,N co-doped CQDs were prepared and employed as electrode modification materials for improving the efficiency of electron transfer. The Cu and N co-doped CQDs exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for glucose sensing in alkaline medium.
Batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of tetrabromobisphenol A onto metal organic resin: equilibrium, kinetic and mechanism studies
Authors: Feng Zhongmin , Zhu Zhenghao , Sun Ting
Published: July 2020

MORs were prepared through fabricating MOFs and resin for effective TBBPA removal in fix-bed column experiments from contaminated waters.
Ag2O-promoted ring-opening reactions of cyclopropenones with oximes
Authors: Yang Ye-Fei , Huang Xiao-Bo , Gao Wen-Xia , Zhou Yun-Bing , Liu Miao-Chang , Wu Hua-Yue
Published: July 2020

We disclosed an Ag2O-promoted unprecedented ring-opening rearrangement of cyclopropenones with oximes, providing a direct route to 1,3-oxazinones.
Interpenetrated tunnel routes in silicon/carbon hollow sphere anodes to boost their lithium storage
Authors: Chen Song , Ma Chendan , Zhu Youqi , Cao Chuanbao
Published: July 2020

Prolonging the cycle life of silicon-based materials at large current is particularly meaningful for the achievement of advanced high-power lithium ion batteries.
Selective azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions of azidoalkylated calixarenes
Authors: Gorbunov Alexander , Kuznetsova Julia , Deltsov Ilya , Molokanova Anastasia , Cheshkov Dmitry , Bezzubov Stanislav , Kovalev Vladimir , Vatsouro Ivan
Published: July 2020

Reaction of calixarene oligo(azides) with alkynes taken in deficiency lead selectively to oligo(triazoles) under Cu(i) catalysis. Same azides react with alkynes intramolecularly under copper-free conditions forming 1,5-substituted triazole bridges.
In vitrooxidations of low-density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells with lipophilic O(3P)-precursors
Authors: Petroff John T. , Isor Ankita , Chintala Satyanarayana M. , Albert Carolyn J. , Franke Jacob D. , Weinstein David , Omlid Sara M. , Arnatt Christopher K. , Ford David A. , McCulla Ryan D.
Published: July 2020

Lipophilic O(3P)-precursors generate 2-hexadecenal upon UV-irradiation.
Dechlorination of fly ash by hydrolysate of municipal solid waste leachate
Authors: Gao Ming , Wang Menglu , Wu Chuanfu , Wang Xiaona , Yang Yufei , Liu Shu , Shimaoka Takayuki , Wang Qunhui
Published: July 2020

Hydrolysate of municipal solid waste leachate rich in butyrate radical could be an ideal water substitute for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (referred as to fly ash) dechlorination.
Effects of PEDOT:PSS:GO composite hole transport layer on the luminescence of perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Yuanming , Mei Sijiong , Feng Junjie , Sun Dongwei , Mei Fei , Xu Jinxia , Cao Xianan
Published: July 2020

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) employing CH3NH3PbBr3 as the emission layer (EML) and graphene oxide (GO) doped PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer (HTL) were prepared and characterized.
A multifunctional double walled zirconium metal–organic framework: high performance for CO2 adsorption and separation and detecting explosives in the aqueous phase
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Li Xu , Yao Shuo , Krishna Rajamani , Gu Jiaming , Li Guanghua , Liu Yunling
Published: July 2020

A double walled zirconium metal–organic framework JLU-Liu45 displays not only high performance for CO2 adsorption and separation, but also effectively detects explosives in the aqueous phase.
Lebensmittelvergiftung durch Cucurbitacine
Authors: Jung Carlo , Steuber Benjamin , Schwörer Harald
Published: July 2020

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Die 66-jährige Patientin ist wegen einer akuten Lebensmittelvergiftung nach Ingestion von bitteren Zucchini in die Notaufnahme mit Tachykardie, Hypotonie und Somnolenz sowie Exsikkose, Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Hämatochezie eingewiesen worden.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Auffällig waren eine Leukozytose sowie sonografisch eine Kolitis. Die Diagnose einer akuten Lebensmittelvergiftung mit hämorrhagischer Kolitis, ausgelöst durch Cucurbitacin – haltige Zucchini, wurde gestellt.

Therapie und Verlauf Nach intravenöser Volumensubstitution stabilisierte sich die Patientin. Die Kolitis war selbstlimitierend. Eine orale Nahrungsaufnahme war nach 2 Tagen möglich.

Folgerung Akute Lebensmittelvergiftungen mit Cucurbitacin-haltigen Kürbisgewächsen sind rar, können aber bei Gewächsen im Kleingartenbereich, in Verbindung mit erhöhten Außentemperaturen, vorkommen. Cucurbitacin-Vergiftungen müssen in die Differenzialdiagnose einer Lebensmittelvergiftung einbezogen werden. Anamnestisch ist die Erwähnung des bitteren Geschmacks ausschlaggebend.
Wenn Fehler helfen – Fallbeispiel: First Attempt in Learning
Authors: Liebhart-Stidl Katharina
Published: July 2020

Jeder Fehler ist der erste Schritt, um etwas Neues zu lernen. Nach diesem Prinzip arbeitet das Gehen Verstehen®-Konzept, in dem sogenannte FAILs (First Attempt In Learning) positiv belegt sind. Im Fallbeispiel kann der Läufer David P. nach langjähriger Schmerzgeschichte wieder beschwerdefrei seinen Sport ausüben, obwohl seine Therapie mit einem Fehler der Therapeutin in der Ursachenhypothese begann.
Sicherheitsmanagement der Therapie mit Antimalariamitteln: was
bedeuten die neuen Empfehlungen für die Praxis?
Authors: Hadjiski Denitsa , Fiehn Christoph
Published: July 2020

Antimalariamittel (AM) haben nach wie vor eine große Bedeutung in der
Rheumatologie. Die aktualisierten Empfehlungen zum Sicherheitsmanagement mit AM
wurden auf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturaturrecherche und im
interdisziplinären Konsens erarbeitet. Verantwortlich war die Kommission
Pharmakotherapie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie. Um
Nebenwirkungen frühzeitig zu entdecken, bzw. Komplikationen im
Zusammenhang mit der AM-Therapie vorzubeugen, sind folgende Maßnahmen
empfohlen: Die rheumatologische Therapie mit AM sollte mit Hydroxychloroquin
(HCQ) erfolgen und die Dosis von 5 mg/kg Körpergewicht (KG)
nicht übersteigen. In den ersten 6 Monaten der Therapie ist eine
augenärztliche Untersuchung empfohlen. Risikofaktoren für die
Entwicklung einer AM-induzierten Retinopathie sind vorbestehende Makulopathie,
Niereninsuffizienz mit glomerulärer Filtrationsrate (GFR)< 60
ml/min, Tamoxifen-Begleittherapie, Tagesdosen HCQ > 5
mg/kg KG, sowie die Therapie mit Chloroquin (CQ). Bei Vorliegen von
Risikofaktoren werden die weiteren Kontrolluntersuchungen einmal pro Jahr
empfohlen, ansonsten erst ab dem fünften Jahr, dann ebenfalls
jährlich. Die ophthalmologische Untersuchung sollte mindestens eine
subjektive und eine objektive Methode beinhalten. Empfohlen wird jeweils das
automatisierte Gesichtsfeld (aGF) und die optische Kohärenztomografie
(OCT). In der aGF lassen bei einer AM-Retinopathie eine parafoveale
Empfindlichkeitsabnahme und in der OCT eine umschriebene Verdünnung der
Photorezeptorenschicht parafoveal sowie fokale Unterbrechung der
Außensegmentstrukturlinie den Verdacht auf eine AM-Retinopathie zu. Zur
Erkennung von Kardiomyopathie bzw. Myopathie wird zu Beginn und dann alle
3–6 Monate die Bestimmung von Creatinkinase (CK) und Laktatdehydrogenase
(LDH) im Serum empfohlen. Ergänzend können bei Verdacht auf
AM-induzierte Kardiomyopathie Troponin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),
Elektrokardiogramm (EKG), sowie eine kardiale Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT)
erwogen werden. Bei Verdacht auf AM-induzierte Myopathie ist die Muskelbiopsie
mit elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchung der Goldstandard. Die Behandlung mit
HCQ verursacht bei Einnahme in der Schwangerschaft keine Fehlbildungen der
ungeborenen Kinder und ist sowohl in der Schwangerschaft wie auch Stillzeit nach
gegenwärtigem Wissenstand sicher. Die aktualisierten Empfehlungen zum
Sicherheitsmanagement der Therapie mit AM enthalten strengere Dosisvorgaben,
Definition für Risikofaktoren für AM-Retinopathie und geeignete
ophthalmologische Untersuchungen, sowie Stratifizierung im Monitoring.
Den Kreis durchbrechen – Refresher: Ziele, Inhalte und Methoden der Schmerzedukation
Authors: Kappis Bernd
Published: July 2020

Chronische Schmerzpatienten müssen zu Experten ihrer Krankheit werden, um in der Behandlung erfolgreich mitzuwirken. Durch Wissen können sie ihr Krankheitsbild verstehen und das meist somatische Schmerzkonzept um die psychosoziale Dimension erweitern. Therapeuten sollten diesen Prozess durch eine Schmerzedukation unterstützen und mit Patienten wirksame Bewältigungsstrategien und Selbsthilfekompetenzen entwickeln.
Rheumatologische paraneoplastische Syndrome
Authors: Knitza Johannes , Schett Georg , Manger Bernhard
Published: July 2020

Rheumatologische paraneoplastische Syndrome sind selten, stellten jedoch eine
wichtige Differenzialdiagnose zu klassischen rheumatologischen Krankheitsbildern
dar. Durch das Erkennen der eindrücklichen Syndrome mit typischen Labor-
und Untersuchungsbefunden ist oftmals eine beschleunigte Diagnose der
zugrundeliegenden Malignität und kurative Therapie möglich. In
dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Charakteristika rheumatologischer
paraneoplastischer Syndrome vorgestellt.
Darf ich Patienten Medikamente reichen? – Ethisches Dilemma
Authors: Matuschek Kathrin
Published: July 2020

Im therapeutischen Alltag treten immer wieder ethische Fragen auf: Was zum Beispiel tun, wenn Patienten nach Medikamenten verlangen und wichtige Infos fehlen? Aus solchen Dilemmata können die sieben Schritte ethischer Entscheidungsfindung führen.
Flexible Bronchoscopy for the Pediatric Intensivist: A New Tool in the Handbag?
Authors: Chandnani Harsha K. , Rodriguez Raul
Published: July 2020

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common cause of unintentional-injury mortality. Modern bronchoscopy techniques have reduced mortality in children with FBA. In this article, we described a case of a 16-month-old child with refractory hypoxia where flexible bronchoscopy performed by the intensivist led to prompt etiology recognition and proper treatment. Patients presenting with respiratory distress with persistent hypoxia should be evaluated for FBA, considering initial chest X-ray can be normal in at least 30% of the cases. Intensivists trained in flexible bronchoscopy techniques possess a valuable tool to obtain diagnostic information avoiding delays in diagnosis and initiation of unnecessary therapies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Feasibility and Reliability Testing of Manual Electronic Health Record Reviews as a Tool for Timely Identification of Diagnostic Error in Patients at Risk
Authors: Soleimani Jalal , Pinevich Yuliya , Barwise Amelia K. , Huang Chanyan , Dong Yue , Herasevich Vitaly , Gajic Ognjen , Pickering Brian W.
Published: July 2020

Background Although diagnostic error (DE) is a significant problem, it remains challenging for clinicians to identify it reliably and to recognize its contribution to the clinical trajectory of their patients. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the reliability of real-time electronic health record (EHR) reviews using a search strategy for the identification of DE as a contributor to the rapid response team (RRT) activation.

Objectives Early and accurate recognition of critical illness is of paramount importance. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and reliability of prospective, real-time EHR reviews as a means of identification of DE.

Methods We conducted this prospective observational study in June 2019 and included consecutive adult patients experiencing their first RRT activation. An EHR search strategy and a standard operating procedure were refined based on the literature and expert clinician inputs. Two physician-investigators independently reviewed eligible patient EHRs for the evidence of DE within 24 hours after RRT activation. In cases of disagreement, a secondary review of the EHR using a taxonomy approach was applied. The reviewers categorized patient experience of DE as Yes/No/Uncertain.

Results We reviewed 112 patient records. DE was identified in 15% of cases by both reviewers. Kappa agreement with the initial review was 0.23 and with the secondary review 0.65. No evidence of DE was detected in 60% of patients. In 25% of cases, the reviewers could not determine whether DE was present or absent.

Conclusion EHR review is of limited value in the real-time identification of DE in hospitalized patients. Alternative approaches are needed for research and quality improvement efforts in this field.
A Clinical Informatics Program Directors' Proposal to the American Board of Preventive Medicine
Authors: Pageler Natalie M. , Elkin Peter L. , Kannry Joseph , Leu Michael G. , Levy Bruce , Lehmann Christoph U.
Published: July 2020

In 2013, the American Board of Preventive Medicine (ABPM) and the American Board of Pathology (ABPath) offered the first board certification examination in Clinical Informatics to eligible physicians in the United States. In 2022, the Practice Pathway will expire and in 2023 only candidates eligible through the Fellowship Pathway will be eligible for the board certification. To date, Clinical Informatics as a specialty has not had a regular match process and used a controlled offer-acceptance process that does not meet candidates' or programs' needs. Fellows may not be offered a position with their top choice program initially, and they may accept offers from other programs to avoid risk by ensuring that they have a fellowship position. Programs have to consider losing an applicant in the first round in the ranking of applicants. The process is open to manipulation including early agreements between program directors and candidates. In this open letter to the ABPM, program directors make the case for a third-party match and are calling on the ABPM to leverage its status as the Clinical Informatics certifying body and its existing infrastructure to implement a Clinical Informatics match.
Phrase-level pairwise topic modeling to uncover helpful peer responses to online suicidal crises
Authors: Jiang Meng , Ammerman Brooke A. , Zeng Qingkai , Jacobucci Ross , Brodersen Alex
Published: July 2020

Suicide is a serious public health problem; however, suicides are preventable with timely, evidence-based interventions. Social media platforms have been serving users who are experiencing real-time suicidal crises with hopes of receiving peer support. To better understand the helpfulness of peer support occurring online, this study characterizes the content of both a user’s post and corresponding peer comments occurring on a social media platform and present an empirical example for comparison. It introduces an approach that uses pairwise topic models to transform large corpora of discussion into associated topics of user and peer posts. The key advantages of this approach include: (i) modeling both the generative process of each type of the corpora (i.e., user posts and peer comments) and the associations between them, and (ii) using phrases, which are more informative and less ambiguous than words, in addition to words, to represent social media posts and topics. The study evaluated the method using data from Reddit r/SuicideWatch. It examined how the topics of user and peer posts were associated and how this information influenced the peer perceived helpfulness of the peer support. Then, this study applied structural topic modeling to data collected from individuals with a history of suicidal crisis as a means to validate findings. The observations suggest that effective modeling of the association between the two lines of topics can uncover helpful peer responses to online suicidal crises, notably providing the suggestion of professional help. The proposed technology can be applied to “paired” corpora in many applications, such as technical support forums, question-answering sites, and online medical services.
High-Q metamaterials based on cavity mode resonance for THz sensing applications
Authors: Liu Zizheng , Wang Luyao , Hua Ming , Liu Xiaoyu , Qian Fuyue , Xie Guangyin , Ning Yafei , Shi Yanpeng , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Fuhua
Published: July 2020

Inspired by the development of terahertz (THz) technology, the demand for THz sensors with high quality and high sensitivity is significantly increasing. In this study, one-dimensional metallic metamaterials based on cavity mode resonance are proposed for sensing applications in the THz regime. Owing to the strong energy concentration in the cavity, metamaterials with a high quality factor were obtained. Thus, the presented device not only achieved narrowband selective absorption but also exhibited excellent refractive index sensing with high sensitivity, figure of merit, and quality factor. The physical mechanism was verified by comparing the simulation results with that of the coupled mode theory. The polarization dependence of absorption and dual-band sensing, which can be actively tuned by the broken symmetry between two adjacent units, were also discussed. Consequently, this study may open up new avenues for the development of biosensing and imaging applications.
Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of the methoxy radical
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Lin Xiaoxiao , Garcia Gustavo A. , Loison Jean-Christophe , Fittschen Christa , Gu Xuejun , Zhang Weijun , Nahon Laurent
Published: July 2020

We present here a synchrotron radiation vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study of the simplest alkoxy radical, CH3O, a key reaction intermediate in atmospheric and combustion chemistry. A microwave discharge fast flow tube connected to a molecular beam sampling system is employed as a chemical reactor to initiate reactions and generate radicals. The CH3O+ cation from direct ionization of the CH3O radical is detected successfully in the photoionization mass spectrum close to its ionization threshold. In addition, after identifying and removing the contribution of the 13C-isotopic formaldehyde H213CO with the same isobaric mass m/z = 31, the high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectrum of CH3O is obtained and assigned with the aid of calculated Franck–Condon factors. The adiabatic ionization energy of CH3O is determined at 10.701 eV with an accuracy of 0.005 eV.
A re-evaluation of the morphology of Sorapilla (Bryophyta: Sorapillaceae) based on Sorapilla papuana
Authors: Meagher David , Cairns Andi , Seppelt Rod , Grixti Megan
Published: July 2020

Sorapilla Spruce & Mitt. is a taxonomically problematic genus of mosses. In this paper one of the two known species, Sorapilla papuana Broth. & Geh., is described and illustrated in detail for the first time, and its morphological peculiarities are discussed. It is monoicous, rather than dioicous as had been assumed. The presence of an annulus on the capsule and sparse hairs on the calyptra, both suggested previously, are confirmed. Paraphyllia, which had been reported for Sorapilla, are not present. The phylogenetic position of Sorapilla remains uncertain.
Complete microviscosity maps of living plant cells and tissues with a toolbox of targeting mechanoprobes
Authors: Michels Lucile , Gorelova Vera , Harnvanichvech Yosapol , Borst Jan Willem , Albada Bauke , Weijers Dolf , Sprakel Joris
Published: July 2020

Significance

Spatial variations in microviscosity are triggered throughout plant cells, and these provide insight into local mechanobiological processes. However, it has so far been challenging to visualize such variations in living plant cells. Here we report an imaging microviscosity toolbox of chemically modified molecular rotors that yield complete microviscosity maps of several key plant cell structures. This toolbox opens up new ways to understand the role of mechanical stress in the regulation of biological processes.
BTZ gems inside regular Born–Infeld black holes
Authors: Böhmer Christian G , Fiorini Franco
Published: July 2020

The regular black hole solution arising as a spherically symmetric vacuum solution of Born–Infeld gravity possesses an asymptotic interior structure which is very well described by a four-dimensional generalization of the non-rotating BTZ metric. According to this picture no singularity exists, and instead, infalling observers experience a constant curvature manifold as they travel towards future null infinity. This is characterized by the BTZ event horizon. The exterior structure of the black hole is also studied, and it is shown that it corresponds to the Schwarzschild solution provided the black hole mass is not too small. In this way, the regular black hole state can be seen as a spacetime which connects two constant curvature asymptotic spaces, namely, the flat Minkowski spacetime in the outside region, and the locally AdS constant negative curvature one characterizing the BTZ-like asymptotic interior.
Accurate and fast out-of-plane displacement measurement of flat objects using single-camera based on the sampling moiré method
Authors: Ri Shien
Published: July 2020

Out-of-plane displacement measurement is an important task not only to analyze the microelectronic device’s behavior at the micro-scale but also to evaluate the structural health monitoring (SHM) of infrastructures at the meter-scale. In this study, an accurate and fast out-of-plane displacement measurement method with a single camera is presented, including the theoretical equations, and calibration of phase-gradient to out-of-plane displacement. Since the proposed method requires only a single grating image before and after deformation and analyzes by the sampling moiré method, it yields high accuracy and speed. An experiment of out-of-plane displacement with three different focal length lenses has been conducted to verify the validity of this method. Experimental results indicated that both small and large out-of-plane displacement measurements could be performed accurately. This optical measurement technique will be of high value for SHM of various infrastructures under digital camera or video/cinema camera recording.
Two balls stuck by friction on an incline, and a four ball
pyramid
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: July 2020

Two balls on an incline can remain at rest if friction between the balls prevents them
rolling down the incline. Results with various balls are presented to show how ball mass,
diameter and friction affects the outcome. A stack of four identical balls is also
examined.
Anomalous magnetoresistance in centrosymmetric skyrmion-lattice magnet Gd2PdSi3
Authors: Zhang Han , Huang Qing , Hao Lin , Yang Junyi , Noordhoek Kyle , Pandey Shashi , Zhou Haidong , Liu Jian
Published: July 2020

We performed a systematic study of the temperature- and field-dependence of magnetization and resistivity of Gd2PdSi3, which is a centrosymmetric skyrmion crystal. We show that a phase diagram can be constructed based on the anomalous magnetoresistance with one-to-one correspondence among all the feature, while the DC magnetization behavior is consistent with the reported phase diagram based on AC susceptibility. In addition, the crossover boundary from a paramagnetic state into the field-induced ferromagnetic state is also identified. Our results suggest that the ferromagnetic spin fluctuations above the Néel temperature play a key role in the high sensitivity of the resistivity anomalies to magnetic field, pointing to the rich interplay of different magnetic correlations at zero and finite wave vectors underlying the skyrmion lattice in this frustrated itinerant magnet.
Mechanical and microstructural response of densified silica glass under uniaxial compression: Atomistic simulations*
Authors: Xie Yi-Fan , Feng Feng , Li Ying-Jun , Hu Zhi-Qiang , Shao Jian-Li , Mei Yong
Published: July 2020

We investigate the mechanical and microstructural changes of the densified silica glass under uniaxial loading-unloading via atomistic simulations with a modified BKS potential. The stress–strain relationship is found to include three respective stages: elastic, plastic and hardening regions. The bulk modulus increases with the initial densification and will undergo a rapid increase after complete densification. The yield pressure varies from 5 to 12 GPa for different densified samples. In addition, the Si–O–Si bond angle reduces during elastic deformation under compression, and 5-fold Si will increase linearly in the plastic deformation. In the hardening region, the peak splitting and the new peak are both found on the Si–Si and O–O pair radial distribution functions, where the 6-fold Si is increased. Instead, the lateral displacement of the atoms always varies linearly with strain, without evident periodic characteristic. As is expected, the samples are permanently densified after release from the plastic region, and the maximum density of recovered samples is about 2.64 g/cm3, which contains 15 % 5-fold Si, and the Si–O–Si bond angle is less than the ordinary silica glass. All these findings are of great significance for understanding the deformation process of densified silica glass.
A compact dual-band radiation system*
Authors: Yu Yuan-Qiang , Fan Yu-Wei , Wang Xiao-Yu
Published: July 2020

Complex magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO), as an important development direction, can enhance the power efficiency and generate dual-band high power microwaves (HPMs). A complex MILO and a preliminary dual-band radiation system have been proposed in our previous studies. However, the axial length of the dual-band radiation system is too long to meet the compact requirements. In this paper, a compact dual-band radiation system is presented and investigated numerically. The compact dual-band radiation system comprises a dual-band cross-shaped mode converter and a dual-band coaxial conical horn antenna. It can convert two coaxial TEM mode microwaves (1.717 GHz and 4.167 GHz) generated by the complex MILO into the coaxial TE11 mode microwaves, and then radiate them into the air. At 1.717 GHz, the gain of the antenna is 17.9 dB, and the total return loss and diffraction loss are 1.50% and 0, respectively. At 4.167 GHz, the gain is 19.4 dB, and the total return loss and diffraction loss are 1.17% and 0.78%, respectively. The power handling capacity of the antenna is 5.1 GW at 1.717 GHz and 2.0 GW at 4.167 GHz. Comparing with the original structure, the length of the dual-band radiation system is reduced by 45.2%.
Systematic error suppression scheme of the weak equivalence principle test by dual atom interferometers in space based on spectral correlation*
Authors: Hu Jian-Gong , Chen Xi , Wang Li-Yong , Liao Qing-Hong , Wang Qing-Nian
Published: July 2020

Systematic error suppression and test data processing are very important in improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the atom interferometer (AI)-based weak-equivalence-principle (WEP) test in space. Here we present a spectrum correlation method to investigate the test data of the AI-based WEP test in space by analyzing the characteristics of systematic errors and noises. The power spectrum of the Eötvös coefficient η, systematic errors, and noises in AI-based WEP test in space are analyzed and calculated in detail. By using the method, the WEP violation signal is modulated from direct current (DC) frequency band to alternating current (AC) frequency band. We find that the signal can be effectively extracted and the influence of systematic errors can be greatly suppressed by analyzing the power spectrum of the test data when the spacecraft is in an inertial pointing mode. Furthermore, the relation between the Eötvös coefficient η and the number of measurements is obtained under certain simulated parameters. This method will be useful for both isotopic and nonisotopic AI-based WEP tests in space.
Electrostatic gating of solid-ion-conductor on InSe flakes and InSe/h-BN heterostructures*
Authors: Zhou Zhang , Wu Liangmei , Chen Jiancui , Ma Jiajun , Huang Yuan , Shen Chengmin , Bao Lihong , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: July 2020

We report the electrical transport properties of InSe flakes electrostatically gated by a solid ion conductor. The large tuning capability of the solid ion conductor as gating dielectric is confirmed by the saturation gate voltage as low as ∼1 V and steep subthreshold swing (83 mV/dec). The p-type conduction behavior of InSe is obtained when negative gate voltages are biased. Chemical doping of the solid ion conductor is suppressed by inserting a buffer layer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) between InSe and the solid-ion-conductor substrate. By comparing the performance of devices with and without h-BN, the capacitance of solid ion conductors is extracted to be the same as that of ∼2 nm h-BN, and the mobility of InSe on solid ion conductors is comparable to that on the SiO2 substrate. Our results show that solid ion conductors provide a facile and powerful method for electrostatic doping.
A novel method of constructing high-dimensional digital chaotic systems on finite-state automata*
Authors: Zheng Jun , Hu Han-Ping
Published: July 2020

When chaotic systems are implemented on finite precision machines, it will lead to the problem of dynamical degradation. Aiming at this problem, most previous related works have been proposed to improve the dynamical degradation of low-dimensional chaotic maps. This paper presents a novel method to construct high-dimensional digital chaotic systems in the domain of finite computing precision. The model is proposed by coupling a high-dimensional digital system with a continuous chaotic system. A rigorous proof is given that the controlled digital system is chaotic in the sense of Devaney’s definition of chaos. Numerical experimental results for different high-dimensional digital systems indicate that the proposed method can overcome the degradation problem and construct high-dimensional digital chaos with complicated dynamical properties. Based on the construction method, a kind of pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is also proposed as an application.
Protecting the entanglement of two-qubit over quantum channels with memory via weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal*
Authors: Wang Mei-Jiao , Xia Yun- Jie , Yang Yang , Cao Liao-Zhen , Zhang Qin-Wei , Li Ying-De , Zhao Jia-Qiang
Published: July 2020

Based on the quantum technique of the weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal (WMR), we propose a scheme to protect entanglement for an entangled two-qubit pure state from four typical quantum noise channels with memory, i.e., the amplitude damping channel, the phase damping channel, the bit flip channel, and the depolarizing channel. For a given initial state | ψ 〉 = a| 00 〉 + d| 11 〉, it is found that the WMR operation indeed helps to protect entanglement from the above four quantum channels with memory, and the protection effect of WMR scheme is better when the coefficient a is small. For the other initial state | ϕ 〉 = b| 01 〉 + c| 10 〉, the effect of the protection scheme is the same regardless of the coefficient b and the WMR operation can protect entanglement in the amplitude damping channel with memory. Moreover, the protection of entanglement in quantum noise channels without memory in contrast to the results of the channels with memory is more effective. For | ψ 〉 or | ϕ 〉, we also find that the memory parameters play a significant role in the suppression of entanglement sudden death and the initial entanglement can be drastically amplified. Another more important result is that the relationship between the concurrence, the memory parameter, the weak measurement strength, and quantum measurement reversal strength is found through calculation and discussion. It provides a strong basis for the system to maintain maximum entanglement in the nosie channel.
Entrainment mechanism of the cyanobacterial circadian clock induced by oxidized quinone*
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Guang-Kun , Song Zi-Gen
Published: July 2020

The circadian clock is a self-sustained biological oscillator which can be entrained by environmental signals. The cyanobacteria circadian clock is the simplest one, which is composed of the proteins KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation state of KaiC exhibits a circadian oscillator. KaiA and KaiB activate KaiC phosphorylation and dephosphorylation respectively. CikA competing with KaiA for the same binding site on KaiB affects the phosphorylation state of KaiC. Quinone is a signaling molecule for entraining the cyanobacterial circadian clock which is oxidized at the onset of darkness and reduced at the onset of light, reflecting the environmental light–dark cycle. KaiA and CikA can sense external signals by detecting the oxidation state of quinone. However, the entrainment mechanism is far from clear. We develop an enhanced mathematical model including oxidized quinone sensed by KaiA and CikA, with which we present a detailed study on the entrainment of the cyanobacteria circadian clock induced by quinone signals. We find that KaiA and CikA sensing oxidized quinone pulse are related to phase advance and delay, respectively. The time of oxidized quinone pulse addition plays a key role in the phase shifts. The combination of KaiA and CikA is beneficial to the generation of entrainment, and the increase of signal intensity reduces the entrainment phase. This study provides a theoretical reference for biological research and helps us understand the dynamical mechanisms of cyanobacteria circadian clock.
Toxicity of chlorpyrifos insecticide on Asian red-tailed catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) and its degradation potency using activated carbon
Authors: Taufik I , Setijaningsih L , Widyastuti Y R , Setiadi E
Published: July 2020

The chlorpyrifos is an insecticide with high toxicity and persistence in nature. The activated carbon has the potency to degrade some insecticides through the adsorption process. The research aimed to determine the lethal toxicity (LC50-96 hours) of the chlorpyrifos insecticide or red tail fingerling. The fish with 2.5±0.2 cm in total length and 0.18 ± 0.002 g in body weight were used. The concentrations of the chlorpyrifos as a treatment were 0.0, 1.0, 1.4, 1.9, 2.7, 3.8, 5.6, and 7.5 mg/l. Three kinds of experiments were set up, namely, without activated carbon (as a control), coconut shell activated carbon, and wood activated carbon. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. The probit analysis performed to obtain the LC50-96 hours’ value. The result showed that the LC50-96 hours of Asian catfish was 4.44 mg/l (without activated carbon), 4.84 mg/l (coconut shell activated carbon), and 8.52 mg/l (wood activated carbon). The effectiveness ol activated carbon to reduce the toxic of the chlorpyrifos found on the wood activated carbon (91.9%) then followed by the coconut shell activated carbon was 9.0%. Thus the implementation of the wood activated carbon is fruitful in terms of reducing the chlorpyrifos toxic.
Mechanical properties of zirconia octet truss structures fabricated by DLP 3D printing
Authors: Zhao Weiming , Wang Cao , Xing Bohang , Shen Minhao , Zhao Zhe
Published: July 2020

Zirconia ceramic octet-truss structures with various strut size and unit cell numbers were successfully fabricated through a DLP-based 3D printing method. The mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity under compressive load were investigated systematically. The sides of all cubes are 10 mm, the strut size was changed from 0.25 mm to 2 mm, cells number was in the range of 1(1 × 1 × 1)–125(5 × 5 × 5). It has been seen that the relative density, compressive strength and energy absorption increases with the increase of strut size when cell numbers remain the same. It can be concluded that the strength and energy absorption were affected by the relative density, strut size and the stacking mode of the unit cells. So far, with this study, a high compressive strength of 75.3 MPa and a reasonably good energy absorption of 6.76 × 105 J m−3 can be achieved at a relative density of 48.57%.
Estimation of short-circuit current induced by ELF uniform electric fields in grounded humans with different body shapes based on a semi-ellipsoidal model
Authors: Tarao Hiroo , Hayashi Noriyuki , Isaka Katsuo
Published: July 2020

It has been reported that when a grounded human is exposed to an electric field at power frequency, a short-circuit current flowing from the feet to the ground is proportional to the square of his or her height. The current, however, should also vary with the body surface area, that is, body shape, even in people with the same height. In the present study, we confirmed this hypothesis using an analytical solution derived from a semi-ellipsoidal model. The short-circuit currents were calculated for various numerical human body models in which the horizontal length of a voxel was varied from 1.8 to 3.0 mm, and the results for different body shapes were compared. Finally, we derived an approximate expression for estimating the short-circuit current from the left-right width (2b), frontal thickness (2c), and height (a) of a human from the analytical solution. The short-circuit currents obtained from the approximate expression are consistent with those obtained from numerical calculations for 48 differently shaped human body models with a correlation coefficient of 0.9942. Hence, we concluded that the short-circuit current can be determined depending on the similarity ratio (a/b) and the ellipticity ratio (c/b) of the human body as well as the height. This finding is consistent with the numerical human body models that have been used previously, in which the similarity and ellipticity ratios were very close. Therefore, we can make the limited conclusion that the short-circuit current is proportional only to the square of the height. Additionally, numerical calculations showed that the short-circuit current is the same whether one foot or both feet are grounded.