Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
Authors:   Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group (WARNING) Collaborators, Sartelli Massimo , Barie Philip S. , Coccolini Federico , Abbas Mohamed , Abbo Lilian M. , Abdukhalilova Gulnora K. , Abraham Yishak , Abubakar Salisu , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Adamou Harissou , Afandiyeva Gulara , Agastra Ervis , Alfouzan Wadha A. , Al-Hasan Majdi N. , Ali Sajjad , Ali Syed Muhammad , Allaw Fatima , Allwell-Brown Gbemisola , Amir Afreenish , Amponsah Obed Kwabena Offe , Al Omari Abdelkarim , Ansaloni Luca , Ansari Shamshul , Arauz Ana Belen , Augustin Goran , Awazi Bih , Azfar Mohammad , Bah Mamadou Saliou Bailo , Bala Miklosh , Banagala Anura S. K. , Baral Suman , Bassetti Matteo , Bavestrello Luis , Beilman Gregory , Bekele Kebebe , Benboubker Moussa , Beović Bojana , Bergamasco Maria Daniela , Bertagnolio Silvia , Biffl Walter L. , Blot Stijn , Boermeester Marja A. , Bonomo Robert A. , Brink Adrian , Brusaferro Silvio , Butemba Jonathan , Caínzos Miguel A. , Camacho-Ortiz Adrian , Canton Rafael , Cascio Antonio , Cassini Alessandro , Cástro-Sanchez Enrique , Catarci Marco , Catena Rodolfo , Chamani-Tabriz Leili , Chandy Sujith J. , Charani Esmita , Cheadle William G. , Chebet Diana , Chikowe Ibrahim , Chiara Francesca , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Chioti Anna , Cocuz Maria Elena , Coimbra Raul , Cortese Francesco , Cui Yunfeng , Czepiel Jacek , Dasic Mira , de Francisco Serpa Nataliya , de Jonge Stijn W. , Delibegovic Samir , Dellinger E. Patchen , Demetrashvili Zaza , De Palma Alessandra , De Silva Danushka , De Simone Belinda , De Waele Jan , Dhingra Sameer , Diaz Jose J. , Dima Claudia , Dirani Natalia , Dodoo Cornelius C. , Dorj Gereltuya , Duane Therese M. , Eckmann Christian , Egyir Beverly , Elmangory Mutasim M. , Enani Mushira A. , Ergonul Onder , Escalera-Antezana Juan Pablo , Escandon Kevin , Ettu Abdul-Wahab Omo-ope , Fadare Joseph O. , Fantoni Massimo , Farahbakhsh Mohammad , Faro Mario Paulo , Ferreres Alberto , Flocco Gianina , Foianini Esteban , Fry Donald E. , Garcia Alberto Federico , Gerardi Chiara , Ghannam Wagih , Giamarellou Helen , Glushkova Natalya , Gkiokas George , Goff Debra A. , Gomi Harumi , Gottfredsson Magnus , Griffiths Ewen A. , Guerra Gronerth Rosio Isabel , Guirao Xavier , Gupta Yogesh K. , Halle-Ekane Gregory , Hansen Sonja , Haque Mainul , Hardcastle Timothy C. , Hayman David T. S. , Hecker Andreas , Hell Markus , Ho Vanessa P. , Hodonou Adrien M. , Isik Arda , Islam Salequl , Itani Kamal M. F. , Jaidane Nadia , Jammer Ib , Jenkins David R. , Kamara Ibrahim Franklyn , Kanj Souha S. , Jumbam Desmond , Keikha Masoud , Khanna Ashish K. , Khanna Sahil , Kapoor Gaetanjali , Kapoor Garima , Kariuki Samuel , Khamis Faryal , Khokha Vladimir , Kiggundu Reuben , Kiguba Ronald , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Peter K. , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Kluger Yoram , Ko Wen-Chien , Kok Kenneth Y. Y. , Kotecha Vihar , Kouma Ibrahima , Kovacevic Bojan , Krasniqi Jehona , Krutova Marcela , Kryvoruchko Igor , Kullar Ravina , Labi Kwaku A. , Labricciosa Francesco M. , Lakoh Sulaiman , Lakatos Botond , Lansang Mary Ann D. , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Lee Young Ran , Leone Marc , Leppaniemi Ari , Hara Gabriel Levy , Litvin Andrey , Lohsiriwat Varut , Machain Gustavo M. , Mahomoodally Fawzi , Maier Ronald V. , Majumder Md Anwarul Azim , Malama Sydney , Manasa Justen , Manchanda Vikas , Manzano-Nunez Ramiro , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Marwah Sanjay , Maseda Emilio , Mathewos Maleda , Maves Ryan C. , McNamara Deborah , Memish Ziad , Mertz Dominik , Mishra Shyam Kumar , Montravers Philippe , Moro Maria Luisa , Mossialos Elias , Motta Fabrizio , Mudenda Steward , Mugabi Patrick , Mugisha Mc Juan Muco , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Napolitano Lena M. , Nathwani Dilip , Nkamba Leontine , Nsutebu Emmanuel Fru , O’Connor Donal B. , Ogunsola Sade , Jensen Peter Østrup , Ordoñez Juliana Maria , Ordoñez Carlos A. , Ottolino Pablo , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Paiva José Artur , Palmieri Miriam , Pan Angelo , Pant Narayan , Panyko Arpád , Paolillo Ciro , Patel Jay , Pea Federico , Petrone Patrizio , Petrosillo Nicola , Pintar Tadeja , Plaudis Haralds , Podda Mauro , Ponce-de-Leon Alfredo , Powell Susan L. , Puello-Guerrero Adrián , Pulcini Celine , Rasa Kemal , Regimbeau Jean-Marc , Rello Jordi , Retamozo-Palacios Manuel Renato , Reynolds-Campbell Glendee , Ribeiro Julival , Rickard Jennifer , Rocha-Pereira Nuno , Rosenthal Victor D. , Rossolini Gian Maria , Rwegerera Godfrey M. , Rwigamba Megan , Sabbatucci Michela , Saladžinskas Žilvinas , Salama Rasha E. , Sali Tondore , Salile Samson Sahile , Sall Ibrahima , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Sakakushev Boris E. , Sawyer Robert G. , Scatizzi Marco , Seni Jeremiah , Septimus Edward J. , Sganga Gabriele , Shabanzadeh Daniel Mønsted , Shelat Vishal G. , Shibabaw Agumas , Somville Francis , Souf Selma , Stefani Stefania , Tacconelli Evelina , Tan Buon Kim , Tattevin Pierre , Rodriguez-Taveras Carlos , Telles João Paulo , Téllez-Almenares Orlando , Tessier Jeffrey , Thang Nguyen Toan , Timmermann Cristian , Timsit Jean-François , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tolonen Matti , Trueba Gabriel , Tsioutis Constantinos , Tumietto Fabio , Tuon Felipe Francisco , Ulrych Jan , Uranues Selman , van Dongen Maarten , van Goor Harry , Velmahos George C. , Vereczkei Andras , Viaggi Bruno , Viale Pierluigi , Vila Jordi , Voss Andreas , Vraneš Jasmina , Watkins Richard R. , Wanjiru-Korir Nyambura , Waworuntu Olivia , Wechsler-Fördös Agnes , Yadgarova Klara , Yahaya Mohammed , Yahya Ali I. , Xiao Yonghong , Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen , Zakrison Tanya L. , Zamora Mesia Victor , Siquini Walter , Darzi Ara , Pagani Leonardo , Catena Fausto 
Published: October 2023

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.