bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission From an Urban Residential Kitchen in Developing Countries
Authors: Hamidur Rahman M. , Sadrul Islam A. K. M. , Ruhul Amin M.
Published: June 2015

Lack of proper ventilation of exhaust fumes from gas fired stoves in residential kitchens is a major health concern for some populations. It could even cause destruction of property, and reduce quality of life and lifespan. In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 2.13 m × 2.43 m × 3.05 m was modeled with single open door exit. Two heat sources were used for modeling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stove of an urban residential kitchen in developing countries. Steady-state simulations were performed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (cfd) code with appropriate boundary conditions. The present numerical method was validated by comparing with the experimental data reported by Posner et al. (2003, “Measurement and Prediction of Indoor Air Flow in a Model Room,” J. Energy Build., 35(5), pp. 515–526). The comparison showed very reasonable agreement. A grid independence test was also performed to determine the optimum grid resolution reflecting the accuracy of the numerical solution. The results are presented for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission from the stove exhaust and dispersion within the kitchen space. A comparative analysis between the ventilation (natural and forced) and no ventilation conditions is also reported in this study. The location of the breathing zone was at a height of 73 cm and at a distance of 33 cm from the center of the two burners. Very high concentration (above 5000 ppm) of CO2 gas was observed at the plane passing the breathing zone. Exposure to this environment for longer time may cause serious health damage of the occupants (http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/chemfs/fs/carbondioxide.htm). As per the Wisconsin Department of Health Services of USA, over 5000 ppm exposures to CO2 lead to serious oxygen deficit resulting in permanent brain damage, coma, and even death.
Exceptionally long‐term survival of a dog with gastric lymphoma and concurrent dietary intolerance
Authors: Ruiz Guillaume , Reyes Gomez Edouard , Yaguiyan‐Colliard Laurence
Published: June 2015

A 10‐year‐old Jack Russell Terrier presented with a six‐month history of chronic vomiting. Initial bloodwork and ultrasound demonstrated mild and non‐specific changes. Vomiting dramatically improved upon feeding a home‐made elimination diet, and clinical signs reappeared following a provocation trial. However, 12 weeks after the first visit, the dog became inappetent and lost weight despite this food change. A gastroscopy was performed, and histological examination of gastric mucosal samples revealed high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma, which was confirmed on immunohistochemistry. Systemic chemotherapy was initiated, and the dog survived 30 months on treatment. This is an exceptional long‐term survival time of a dog presenting a gastric lymphoma and concurrent dietary intolerance.
Stub-Loaded Wilkinson Power Divider with Performance Enhancement
Authors: Wang Huan-Zhu , Li Jia-Lin , Wang Jian-Peng , Shao Wei , Yang Xue-Song
Published: June 2015

Microstrip Wilkinson power dividers with harmonic suppression and size reduction are investigated. It is found that by loading reactive components at the middle of high impedance transmission lines (TLs), both size reduction and harmonic suppression can be achieved. Analyses and designs of such a kind of power divider are formulated in this paper. To demonstrate the design methodology, two power dividers centered at 1.8 GHz are optimally designed and confirmed by experiments. As compared with conventional Wilkinson power divider, the proposed power divider exhibits 55.6% size reduction, and high suppressions are achieved for 2nd and 3rd harmonic components. Both simulations and measurements are presented with good agreement.
Uncertainty Measures for Multigranulation Approximation Space
Authors: Lin Guoping , Liang Jiye , Qian Yuhua
Published: June 2015

Multigranulation rough set theory is a relatively new mathematical tool for solving complex problems in the multigranulation or distributed circumstances which are characterized by vagueness and uncertainty. In this paper, we first introduce the multigranulation approximation space. According to the idea of fusing uncertain, imprecise information, we then present three uncertainty measures: fusing information entropy, fusing rough entropy, and fusing knowledge granulation in the multigranulation approximation space. Furthermore, several essential properties (equivalence, maximum, minimum) are examined and the relationship between the fusion information entropy and the fusion rough entropy is also established. Finally, we prove these three measures are monotonously increasing as the partitions become finer. These results will be helpful for understanding the essence of uncertainty measures in multigranulation rough space and enriching multigranulation rough set theory.
RETURN-PREDICTING FACTORS FOR US TREASURIES: ON THE SIMILARITY OF "TENTS" AND "BATS"
Authors: REBONATO RICCARDO
Published: June 2015

Different authors find optically very different patterns ("tents" and "bats") when excess returns from US Treasuries are regressed against forward rates. A separate source of disagreement is whether the recent tent-shaped factor found by Cochrane & Piazzesi (2004, 2005, 2008) is fundamentally different from the slope (in yields) explanatory factor for the time-dependent term premia that has been identified since the early 1990s. We show that "tent" and "bat" patterns produce predictions of excess returns that are economically indistinguishable, both locally and globally. We also argue that, if the slope (in yield space) is indeed the most important explanatory factor for excess returns, then a simple transformation of the loadings of the forwards rates on the slope factor naturally recovers an approximate tent shape in forward-rate space. However, a transformation from a slope factor in yields to loadings for forward rates does not easily produce a bat pattern. This may provide indirect corroboration to Cochrane & Piazzesi's (2004) claim that the bat factor is a result of near colinearity for smoothed data, and that the "tent" solution is intrinsically different from the "bat" solution.
Distinct sea-level fluctuations and deposition of a megaclast horizon in the neritic Rauchkofel Limestone (Wolayer area, Carnic Alps) correlate with the Lochkov–Prag Event
Authors: Suttner T. J. , Kido E.
Published: June 2015

Distinctive facies change and magnetic susceptibility across the neritic Rauchkofel Limestone (Central Carnic Alps) document specific sea-level fluctuations that are related to the Lochkov–Prag Event. This is supported by a positive shift in the carbon isotope signal of about 1.5‰ and a distinct decline in conodont biodiversity during the late Lochkovian. A transgressive interval during the late Lochkovian is followed by a regressive phase indicated by an eye-catching megaclast horizon of early Pragian age. Some of the boulders within that horizon reach up to 10 m in diameter. A model explaining regional depositional patterns is provided.
Towards a global humanitarian volcano impact alert model integrated into a multi-hazard system
Authors: Andredakis Ioannis , De Groeve Tom
Published: June 2015

Volcanic eruptions pose a significant risk to human lives, property and infrastructure, despite rapid advances in monitoring and early warning science and technology. Some elements of risk – such as the number of people living close to volcanoes – are increasing, and the unpredictable nature of eruptions may overwhelm the local response capacity and turn into a disaster, sometimes requiring international assistance. To deal effectively with these crises, the international humanitarian community needs a global, science-based early warning system that should assimilate the state-of-the-art monitoring and early warning techniques, as well as being able to provide a preliminary impact assessment, and issue appropriate and relevant alerts. Current volcano warning systems are either only local in context or are not suited to the needs of global early warning. In this paper we propose an outline for a volcano warning system aimed at issuing alerts to the humanitarian aid community. It is designed as a four-level system, incorporating the latest monitoring and hazard modelling techniques that are applicable on a global scale. Alerts are mainly based on the predicted humanitarian impact of the modelled hazards. Systematic handling of volcanic manifestations, such as thermal signals and ash clouds from space-borne instruments, make it possible to create such a system. The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS), a joint effort by the United Nations and the European Commission, has been operating in a similar spirit for other natural disasters for a number of years and could fulfil the role of the desired volcano system. This paper discusses the needs and issues of this undertaking.
Cortical specificity in neurovascular coupling
Authors: Scott Nadia Aleyna
Published: June 2015

Despite mounting contrary evidence, the metabolic hypothesis is viewed as the predominant theory underlying neurovascular coupling, or the link between neural activity and cerebral blood flow. In a recent study, Huo et al. (Huo BX, Smith JB, Drew PJ. J Neurosci 34: 10975–10981, 2014) combined multimodal imaging and electrophysiology in experiments using awake, voluntarily moving mice to explore whether neurovascular coupling is uniform throughout the cortex. Whereas their results can be viewed as demonstrating that neural activity and blood flow are uncoupled in the frontal cortex during movement, the importance of this study is the elucidation that the metabolic hypothesis may not be the principle facilitator of neurovascular coupling in some regions of the cortex.
Type 2 Diabetes and Breast Cancer: The Interplay between Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Oxidant Stress
Authors: Ferroni Patrizia , Riondino Silvia , Buonomo Oreste , Palmirotta Raffaele , Guadagni Fiorella , Roselli Mario
Published: June 2015

Metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes and its associated complications, represent a growing public health problem. Epidemiological findings indicate a close relationship between diabetes and many types of cancer (including breast cancer risk), which regards not only the dysmetabolic condition, but also its underlying risk factors and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the advances in understanding of the mechanisms linking metabolic disorders and breast cancer. Among the proposed mechanisms to explain such an association, a major role is played by the dysregulated glucose metabolism, which concurs with a chronic proinflammatory condition and an associated oxidative stress to promote tumour initiation and progression. As regards the altered glucose metabolism, hyperinsulinaemia, both endogenous due to insulin-resistance and drug-induced, appears to promote tumour cell growth through the involvement of innate immune activation, platelet activation, increased reactive oxygen species, exposure to protumorigenic and proangiogenic cytokines, and increased substrate availability to neoplastic cells. In this context, understanding the relationship between metabolic disorders and cancer is becoming imperative, and an accurate analysis of these associations could be used to identify biomarkers able to predict disease risk and/or prognosis and to help in the choice of proper evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.
Interaction Studies between Newly Synthesized Photosensitive Polymer and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kim In Tae , Kwon Gi-Chung , Choi Eun Ha , Lee Seung-Hyun , Kim Young Sun , Kim Jong Hyun , Cha Ju Hyon , Kim Sung Ho , Attri Pankaj
Published: June 2015

In this information age, different kinds of photosensitive materials have been used in the manufacture of information storage devices. But these photosensitive materials have the bane of low diffraction efficiency. In order to solve this problem, we have synthesized a novel photosensitive polymer from epoxy-based azopolymers (with three types of azochromophores). Furthermore, we have studied the interaction between this newly synthesized azopolymer and ionic liquids (ILs). For this purpose, we have used the ammonium and imidazolium families of ILs, such as diethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate (DEAP), tributylammonium methyl sulfate (TBMS), triethylammonium 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid (TASA), and 1-methylimidazolium chloride ([Mim]Cl). To investigate the molecular interaction between azopolymer and ILs, we have used the following spectroscopic methods of analysis: UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we have developed new photosensitive materials by combining polymer with ILs.
Impact of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Clay-Based Nanocoating on Flame Retardant Properties of Sisal Fiber Cellulose Microcrystals
Authors: Wei Chun , Zeng Sihua , Tan Yuyuan , Wang Wu , Lv Jian , Liu Hongxia
Published: June 2015

The renewable cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan (CH) and anionic nanomontmorillonite (MMT) layers were alternately deposited on the surface of sisal fiber cellulose microcrystals (SFCM) via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The structure and properties of the composites were characterized by zeta potential, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), microcalorimeter (MCC), and so forth. The zeta potential results show that the cellulose microcrystalline surface charge reversed due to the adsorption of CH and MMT nanoplatelets during multilayer deposition. MMT characteristic diffraction peaks appear in XRD patterns of SFCM(CH/MMT)5and SFCM(CH/MMT)10composites. Additionally, FESEM reveals that the SFCM(CH/MMT)10surface is covered with a layer of material containing Si, which has been verified by elemental analysis. TGA results show that the initial decomposition (weight loss of 5%) temperature of SFCM(CH/MMT)5is increased by 4°C compared to that of pure SFCM. On the other hand, carbon residue percentage of SFCM(CH/MMT)10is 25.1%, higher than that of pure SFCM (5.4%) by 19.7%. Eventually, it is testified by MCC measurement that CH/MMT coating can significantly reinforce the flame retardant performance of SFCM.
Age-Related Cognitive Impairment as a Sign of Geriatric Neurocardiovascular Interactions: May Polyphenols Play a Protective Role?
Authors: Jagla Fedor , Pechanova Olga
Published: June 2015

It is known that endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases implicated also in cognitive decline. Experimental studies pointed to the fact that the modification of NO levels via NOS activity may affect the blood pressure level as well as several higher nervous functions—for example, learning and memory. There are emerging evidences fromin vitroand animal studies suggesting that polyphenols may potentially have a protective effect on the development of neurodegenerative diseases and may improve cognitive function as well as positively affecting the blood pressure regulatory mechanisms. This review accentuates the need for precisely defined clinically controlled studies as well as for use of adequate experimental procedures discriminating between the human higher brain functions and the only overall activation of the brain cortex. The physiological neurocardiovascular interactions are implicated in the increased healthy life span as well.
Trabeculectomy with Healaflow versus Trabeculectomy for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Papaconstantinou Dimitris , Diagourtas Andreas , Petrou Petros , Rouvas Alexandros , Vergados Athanasios , Koutsandrea Chryssanthi , Georgalas Ilias
Published: June 2015

Purpose. To compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy with and without Healaflow (Anteis S.A, Geneva, Switzerland), a high molecular weight viscoelastic gel, in patients requiring glaucoma surgery.Methods. This was a retrospective, comparative, interventional case-control study. Forty patients formed two matched study groups and were analyzed (trabeculectomy alone (control) versus trabeculectomy with Healaflow (study)).Results. The postoperative levels of mean IOP were statistically significantly lowerP<0.05than preoperatively in both groups, for all time intervals. There was no statistical difference, at the end of the follow-up period, between the two groups in the mean values of the IOP (14.9 ± 3.2 mmHg for the study group versus 14.8 ± 3.3 mmHg for the control group). The number of antiglaucoma drugs used in the study group was reduced from a preoperative mean of 3.4 ± 0.75 to a 6-month postoperative mean of 0.6 ± 0.8P<0.001and in the control group from 3.6 ± 0.59 to 0.55 ± 0.9P<0.001.Conclusions. Although trabeculectomy with Healaflow appears to be a safe procedure, we failed to identify any significant advantages in the use of Healaflow when compared with trabeculectomy alone, at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Molecular Identification of a Newly IsolatedBacillus subtilisBI19 and Optimization of Production Conditions for Enhanced Production of Extracellular Amylase
Authors: Dash Biplab Kumar , Rahman M. Mizanur , Sarker Palash Kumar
Published: June 2015

A study was carried out with a newly isolated bacterial strain yielding extracellular amylase. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequences revealed this strain as clustered with the closest members ofBacillussp. and identified asBacillus subtilisBI19. The effect of various fermentation conditions on amylase production through shake-flask culture was investigated. Rice flour (1.25%) as a cheap natural carbon source was found to induce amylase production mostly. A combination of peptone and tryptone as organic and ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen sources gave highest yield. Maximum production was obtained after 24 h of incubation at 37°C with an initial medium pH 8.0. Addition of surfactants like Tween 80 (0.25 g/L) and sodium lauryl sulfate (0.2 g/L) resulted in 28% and 15% increase in enzyme production, respectively. Amylase production was 3.06 times higher when optimized production conditions were used. Optimum reaction temperature and pH for crude amylase activity were 50°C and 6.0, respectively. The crude enzyme showed activity and stability over a fair range of temperature and pH. These results suggest thatB. subtilisBI19 could be exploited for production of amylase at relatively low cost and time.
Air Quality Deterioration of Urban Areas Caused by Wildfires in a Natural Reservoir Forest of Mexico
Authors: Carbajal Noel , Pineda-Martinez Luis F. , Bautista Vicente Flor
Published: June 2015

Many regions of the world suffer loss of vegetation and reduced air quality due to wildfires. Studies on aerosol emissions by wildfires often discuss the negative effects of atmospheric contaminants from a regional or mesoscale perspective. The occurrence of wildfires reveals that a high percentage takes place close to large urban areas. Very high concentration of pollutants and PM10 particulate matter reach urban zones and millions of inhabitants. These events of high pollutant concentrations are seasonally recurrent. There are many large urban areas in the world that often undergo severe air deterioration due to wildfires smoke. We document the extreme impact of wildfire that occurs in the Protected Area of Flora and Fauna La Primavera located in neighborhood of Guadalajara, a large urban zone in Mexico. The simultaneous emissions of aerosols by 60 wildfires were simulated and compared with observed data. The plume generated by the wildfires reached large areas of the central part of Mexico. The principal characteristics of smog emissions (CO, NO2, and PM10) over the urban area were acceptably reproduced. Observed and modeled CO, PM10, and NO2data indicated that aerosol plumes generated by the wildfires increased notably the concentrations over the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara.
Severe Dextran-Induced Anaphylactic Shock during Induction of Hypertension-Hypervolemia-Hemodilution Therapy following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Shiratori Tohru , Sato Atsushi , Fukuzawa Masao , Kondo Naoko , Tanno Shogo
Published: June 2015

Dextran is a colloid effective for volume expansion; however, a possible side effect of its use is anaphylaxis. Dextran-induced anaphylactoid reaction (DIAR) is a rare but severe complication, with a small dose of dextran solution sufficient to induce anaphylaxis. An 86-year-old female who underwent clipping for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm was admitted to the intensive care unit. Prophylactic hypertension-hypervolemia-hemodilution therapy was induced for cerebral vasospasm following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient went into severe shock after administration of dextran for volume expansion, and dextran administration was immediately discontinued. The volume administered at that time was only 0.8 mL at the most. After fluid resuscitation with a crystalloid solution, circulatory status began to recover. However, cerebral vasospasm occurred and the patient’s neurological condition deteriorated. Five weeks after the shock, she was diagnosed with hypersensitivity to dextran by a skin test. When severe hypotension occurs after dextran administration, appropriate treatments for shock should be performed immediately with discontinuation of dextran solution. Although colloid administration is recommended in some guidelines and researches, it is necessary to consider concerning the indication for volume expansion as well as the risk of colloid administration.
Limitations in the Use of Serum Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations as Prognostic Markers for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Bao Wenlong , Li Zhijun
Published: June 2015

Objectives: In this study, we surveyed patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted therapy. Our aim was to determine whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in serum circulating tumor (ct)DNA are useful prognostic markers for NSCLC. Sujects and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 300 patients with NSCLC that included adenocarcinoma (ADC, n = 155) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 145). DNA was extracted from the sera for the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of EGFR exons 18, 19 and 21 mutations. Direct sequencing of the PCR products was carried out in an automated 3730 sequencer. Results: The EGFR exons 18, 19 and 21 were successfully detected in the serum samples of 300 NSCLC patients. No EGFR mutation was found in the blood samples regardless of the characteristics of gender, age, ADC and SCC status or smoking history. Conclusion: No mutations in EGFR exons 18, 19 or 21 were identified in the serum ctDNA of these advanced-stage NSCLC patients undergoing TKI-targeted therapy. More studies are needed on the use of EGFR mutations in serum ctDNA as guidance for TKI-targeted therapy.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines reduce human TAFI expression via tristetraprolin-mediated mRNA destabilisation and decreased binding of HuR
Authors: Komnenov Dragana , Scipione Corey , Bazzi Zainab , Garabon Justin , Koschinsky Marlys , Boffa Michael
Published: June 2015

Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is the zymogen form of a basic carboxypeptidase (TAFIa) with both anti-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties. The role of TAFI in inflammatory disease is multifaceted and involves modulation both of specific inflammatory mediators as well as of the behaviour of inflammatory cells. Moreover, as suggested by in vitro studies, inflammatory mediators are capable of regulating the expression of CPB2, the gene encoding TAFI. In this study we addressed the hypothesis that decreased TAFI levels observed in inflammation are due to post-transcriptional mechanisms. Treatment of human HepG2 cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 in combination with IL-1β, or with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased TAFI protein levels by approximately two-fold over 24 to 48 hours of treatment. Conversely, treatment of HepG2 cells with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased TAFI protein levels by two-fold at both time points. We found that the mechanistic basis for this modulation of TAFI levels involves binding of tristetraprolin (TTP) to the CPB2 3′-UTR, which mediates CPB2 mRNA destabilisation. In this report we also identified that HuR, another ARE-binding protein but one that stabilises transcripts, is capable of binding the CBP2 3’UTR. We found that pro-inflammatory mediators reduce the occupancy of HuR on the CPB2 3’-UTR and that the mutation of the TTP binding site in this context abolishes this effect, although TTP and HuR appear to contact discrete binding sites. Interestingly, all of the mediators tested appear to increase TAFI protein expression in THP-1 macrophages, likewise through effects on CPB2 mRNA stability.
Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen inhibits neointima formation following vascular injury
Authors: Daniel Jan-Marcus , Reich Fabian , Dutzmann Jochen , Weisheit Simona , Teske Rebecca , Gündüz Dursun , Bauersachs Johann , Preissner Klaus , Sedding Daniel
Published: June 2015

Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) or its peptide domain 5 (D5) alone exert anti-adhesive properties in vitro related to impeding integrin-mediated cellular interactions. However, the anti-adhesive effects of HKa in vivo remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of HKa on leukocyte recruitment and neointima formation following wire-induced injury of the femoral artery in C57BL/6 mice. Local application of HKa significantly reduced the accumulation of monocytes and also reduced neointimal lesion size 14 days after injury. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice transplanted with bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) showed a significantly reduced accumulation of eGFP+-cells at the arterial injury site and decreased neointimal lesion size after local application of HKa or the polypeptide D5 alone. A differentiation of accumulating eGFP+-cells into highly specific smooth muscle cells (SMC) was not detected in any group. In contrast, application of HKa significantly reduced the proliferation of locally derived neointimal cells. In vitro, HKa and D5 potently inhibited the adhesion of SMC to vitronectin, thus impairing their proliferation, migration, and survival rates. In conclusion, application of HKa or D5 decreases the inflammatory response to vascular injury and exerts direct effects on SMC by impeding the binding of integrins to extracellular matrix components. Therefore, HKa and D5 may hold promise as novel therapeutic substances to prevent neointima formation.
ЗАСАДИ СТВОРЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО РИНКУ
Authors: Бабінцева Л. Ю.
Published: June 2015

Basic principles of the informative monitoring and adjusting of pharmaceutical market are offered by automation of processes of management of material well-being medicinal products. To basis of these processes information technologies are fixed. Automation of providing of medical organizations and population of country is considered by medicinal products. The association of existent databases and those that are developing as a part of one integrated system of databases on the basis of unified national and branch classifiers is suggested.
РОЗРОБКА АПАРАТА ДЛЯ МАГНІТНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Authors: Баран М. М. , Вірченко В. П. , Синєкоп Ю. С. , Мухомор А. І.
Published: June 2015

A new apparatus for magnetic therapy – magnetostimulator MS-2012 is described. A description of the functional scheme of the device is precented. Feature of the device is the usage of a microcontroller, which allows you to set the pulses of any frequency, shape (porosity), and allows independent channels control.
ІДЕОЛОГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЧНИХ ОСНОВ В КРИПТОГРАФІЇ – ВЧОРА ТА СЬОГОДНІ
Authors: Шупяцький І. М.
Published: June 2015

The article analyzed the history of the cryptography development with the purpose to working of the protect medical information.
Suggestion, Translation, Transposition
Authors: Vahabzadeh Peyman
Published: June 2015

Using a semiotic approach, this paper seeks to identify the connections between Iran’s Green Movement, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Movement. The concept of suggestion refers to the unintended releasing of possibilities for action beyond the original frames a movement. This is done through the production of new slogans and collective actions relating to them. Once ‘suggestion’ allows for a specific mode of acting to be taken outside of its original ambit and into a new context, action is ‘translated’ into the ‘language’ of new contexts and mandates. ‘Suggestion’ and ‘translation’ can lead to the ‘transposition’ of a specific collective action into a new context that captures the imagination of the activists. By drawing on the evidence and instances in the Green Movement, the Arab Spring, and the Occupy Movement, it is hoped, we can understand how movements affect each other beyond their actors’ intentions.
Assessing Mathematics Self-Efficacy
Authors: Toland Michael D. , Usher Ellen L.
Published: June 2015

The present study tested whether a reduced number of categories is optimal for assessing mathematics self-efficacy among middle school students using a 6-point Likert-type format or a 0- to 100-point format. Two independent samples of middle school adolescents ( N = 1,913) were administered a 24-item Middle School Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale using either a 101-point or a 6-point response scale format. The findings suggest that the two different response scale formats were optimally represented by a 4-point scale and supported when samples were pooled. Results provide tentative evidence that middle school students make use of only 4 scale points and that the items on this scale are best matched with adolescents with average to below-average mathematics self-efficacy. Implications for the measurement of self-efficacy and related motivation constructs are discussed, and replications with a 4-point scale using category descriptors for each scale point are needed.
Variations in Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Laurin S. , Mortensson W.
Published: June 2015

Micturition cystourethrography was performed with varying numbers of films exposed and the probability of missing a vesicoureteral reflux or underrating its severity was calculated for each series. It was concluded that a small number of exposures can give sufficiently accurate diagnosis.
Value of Chest Radiography in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wegenius G. , Erikson U. , Borg T. , Modig J.
Published: June 2015

In a prospective investigation of 19 patients with traumatic (n = 11) and septic (n = 8) shock at risk of developing the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), serial chest films were monitored. Eight patients developed ARDS, 2 following traumatic shock and 6 following septic shock. Only 2 of these 8 patients exhibited radiographic abnormalities consisting in bilateral widespread infiltrates of the alveolar type. In the 2 patients ARDS had already developed before artificial ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was instituted. In the other 6 patients, in whom ventilator treatment with PEEP was initiated prophylactically or early in the disease, the chest films remained virtually normal despite development of a marked pulmonary insufficiency. It is concluded that early ventilator treatment with PEEP counteracts the classical radiographic abnormalities of ARDS, probably by reducing alveolar oedema and atelectasis. Thus, presently, with use of early or prophylactic ventilator treatment with PEEP as a therapeutic measure against ARDS chest radiography may be of limited value in the diagnosis. However, it should be essential for early recognition of therapy requiring complications.
Occlusion of Renal Arterial Tumor Supply with Absolute Ethanol
Authors: Ekelund L. , Ek A. , Forsberg L. , Haukaas S. , Henrikson H. , Kalland T. , Boijsen E.
Published: June 2015

Absolute ethanol was used for renal ablation in 20 patients with carcinoma of the kidney. The procedure was followed by nephrectomy in 6 patients without metastases, all of whom are alive without evidence of recurrence 4 to 20 months after treatment. Fourteen patients with metastatic or locally advanced disease were embolized to palliate pain or hematuria without subsequent nephrectomy. Of these only 2 are alive, 4 and 18 months following the procedure. The technique for ethanol embolization is described and the use of occluding balloon catheters is recommended. No complications were encountered and the ‘postembolization syndrome’ was less marked as compared with a previous material of equal size where other methods of renal artery occlusion were employed. Microscopic examination in 10 of the infarcted kidneys showed extensive tumor necroses, sometimes with no evidence of viable tumor cells at all. Natural killer cell activity was determined before and 48 hours after renal artery occlusion in 7 patients, showing somewhat increased activity in 4. It is concluded that absolute ethanol is a safe, effective and easily administered agent for the infarction of renal tumors.
Femoral Anatomy Described in Cylindrical Coordinates Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Egund N. , Palmer J.
Published: June 2015

A new method, which describes the femoral anatomy in terms of angles and distances is presented. Primary data are obtained from CT and reduced to cylindrical coordinates by a computer program. The approach yields rotational angles for the entire shaft and demonstrates the limitation of conventional measurements of the anteversion angle. The method is proposed as a generalized technique for measurement of rotation in orthopedic radiology.
Clinical Comparison of Bone Scintigraphy with 99Tcm-DPD, 99Tcm-HDP and 99Tcm-MDP
Authors: Bergqvist L. , Brismar J. , Cederquist E. , Darte L. , Naversten Y. , Palmer J.
Published: June 2015

The bone-imaging agents MDP, DPD and HDP were compared radiochemically (only minor differences were found) in 12 patients with prostatic and 12 patients with breast carcinoma. Each patient received both MDP and either DPD or HDP. The scintigraphic examinations were compared visually and quantitatively. The uptake ratio normal bone/soft tissue was higher for DPD and HDP than for MDP. The ratio pathologic bone/normal bone was highest for MDP, particularly for prostatic carcinoma. The differences in this ratio for breast carcinoma were in general non-significant. The observed differences were minor and of little practical importance.
Iohexol in Coronary Angiography
Authors: Ørjavik O. S. , Orning O. M. , Skrede M. , Andrew E.
Published: June 2015

Iohexol 350 mg I/ml (Omnipaque) was compared with the routine contrast medium meglumine, Na-Ca-metrizoate 370 mg I/ml (Isopaque Coronar) in coronary angiography in 30 patients. A randomized, double blind, cross-over design was employed. Angiographic image quality, ECG, heart rate, aortic blood pressure and adverse reactions were recorded. Excellent image quality was obtained with both media. Except for one single event of hypotension, only few and minor changes in the parameters measured were recorded. No distinct difference between the two media was found. Iohexol seems to be suitable for selective coronary angiography.
Conventional Abdominal Radiography as a Means to Rule Out Ileo-Caecal Intussusception
Authors: Eklöf O. , Thönell S.
Published: June 2015

The experiences gained with conventional radiographic examinations as a means of excluding childhood ileo-caecal intussusception are presented. According to these, a supplementary barium enema is indicated a) in patients under 6 months of age, b) in patients presenting with scant intestinal gas, c) in patients where the caecum cannot be outlined, d) in patients with a possible mass lesion of the colon, e) in patients with obstruction presumably due to intussusception, and f) in patients with discrepancy between the clinical and radiologic findings (1, 4). In all other patients the barium examination is not used. The key to a successful application of this protocol is a thorough familiarity with the limitations and potentials of the conventional abdominal examination.
Diameter and Pulsatile Oscillations of the Femoral Artery Recorded by Ultrasound
Authors: Christensen T. , Jørgensen J. , Neubauer B.
Published: June 2015

A new non-invasive method for in vivo investigations of the inner diameter and pulsatile oscillations of large muscular arteries by means of an ultrasound time-motion technique is presented. Each histologic layer of the arterial wall is identified at in vitro examination of the external iliac artery. The method has been used for in vivo investigations of 16 long term diabetics and of 16 non-diabetics. A reduction of the lumen and decrement in pulse deflections were found in the diabetics when compared with those of the normal group.
Radiographic Assessment of Anatomic Deviatoins in Lumbar Spondylolysis
Authors: Saraste H. , Broström L.-Å. , Aparisi T.
Published: June 2015

A series of 202 patients (133 men, 69 women) with spondylolysis were examined with respect to radiographic variables describing lumbosacral lordosis, size of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes and disc height. An age-standardized and sex-stratified comparison was made with a control group of 170 subjects (68 men, 102 women) without lumbar spine disorders. The difference in ***lumbosacral lordosis between the spondylolysis and control groups was considered to be secondary to olisthesis, and to lack an etiologic role for the genesis of lysis. The lengths of the transverse processes and their distances to the crista iliaca posterior demonstrated no differences between the groups and therefore did not seem relevant to the context of the pathogenesis of spondylolysis. The fifth lumbar vertebra in the spondylolytic patients was more wedged and less wide than in the controls. The question of the primary or secondary nature of this change has not yet been clearly elucidated, and should be given further attention. The spondylolytic patients demonstrated a decrease in the height of the L5-S1 disc much earlier than the controls, and the degree of narrowing of the disc space was much more marked.
Unidentified Liver Metastases at Ultrasonography or Computed Tomography
Authors: Suramo I. , Päivänsalo M. , Pamilo M.
Published: June 2015

Sixty-six patients with hepatic metastases, examined by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) with an interval of a few days between the two examinations, showed discrepancies between the US and CT findings. The US and CT images were compared lesion by lesion, and the reasons why a metastasis was missed at US or CT were analysed. Lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter could be detected at technically successful examinations with both methods. The unreliable imaging regions with US were the ventrocranial aspect of the right lobe, the caudate lobe, and in obese patients the dorsal part of the right lobe. With CT, the caudal aspect of the left lobe, the area surrounding the gallbladder, and portions beneath the ribs were most unreliably imaged. Sometimes, at either US or CT, the image characteristics of the metastasis were too similar to those of the normal parenchyma to be differentiated.
Transcatheter Embolization of Splanchnic Arterial Aneurysms
Authors: Sawada S. , Tanaka Y.
Published: June 2015

Two patients with large splanchnic arterial aneurysms (celiac and renal) were successfully treated by transcatheter aneurysmectomy using steel coils. The authors point out the advantage of this method over surgical intervention.
Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibition on the Renal Vascular Response to Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media in the Dog
Authors: Lund G. , Einzig S. , Rysavy J. , Salomonowitz E. , Castaneda-Zuniga W. , Amplatz K.
Published: June 2015

In an attempt to study the role of prostaglandins in the renal vascular response to contrast media in mongrel dogs, renal arterial injections of 6 ml of either the non-ionic contrast medium Iopamidol or the ionic medium diatrizoate meglumine/Na+ were performed, before and after intravenous injection of a buffered solution of acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) (ASA). Renal blood flow was recorded using non-occluding electromagnetic flow probes. The resting renal blood flow was significantly reduced after ASA. The usual biphasic response to contrast injection was observed both before and after ASA, and using either contrast medium. Analysis of the results failed to show any difference in degree of vasodilation or vasoconstriction after ASA. We conclude that prostaglandins may affect the resting level of renal blood flow but are not mediators of the instantaneous changes in response to contrast injection.
Computed Tomography of the Knee with Reference to Meniscal Tears
Authors: Jurik A. G. , Jørgensen J. , Helmig O. , de Carvalho A.
Published: June 2015

CT scanning of the knee was performed in one patient with a Baker's cyst and normal menisci and 8 patients with meniscal tears diagnosed at arthrography and confirmed at arthrotomy. The normal menisci were clearly demonstrated. The torn parts of the menisci invariably had ill-defined free edges and contained areas of low CT attenuation. In 2 patients swelling peripheral to the torn meniscus was only demonstrated at CT.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Vascular Lesions in Children
Authors: Ringertz H. G. , Brasch R. C. , Brody A. , Ehman R. , Gooding C. A.
Published: June 2015

Ten children aged 1 week to 13 years with 12 vascular abnormalities were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging modalities. MRI was the only single non-invasive modality that demonstrated all lesions and their internal structures. The vascular nature of 3 hemangiomas could not be established with MRI alone. No marked differences in MRI appearance was seen in 5 cases with vascular tumors compared with 5 cases with other vascular abnormalities. The status of the blood in the vascular lesions as flowing fast, slow, or not at all was successfully assessed in 9 of the 12 lesions.
Orbital Phlebography in Patients with Tolosa-Hunt's Syndrome in Comparison with Normal Subjects
Authors: Hannerz J. , Ericson K. , Bergstrand G.
Published: June 2015

Orbital phlebography has been reported to be pathologic in some patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia). A systematic study of the phlebographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with a normal material seems not to have been performed. In this investigation, orbital phlebography was performed in 19 patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome and in a reference group of 23 persons without the disease. In 13 of 19 patients (68%) with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, the phlebography was pathologic (narrowing or occlusion of particularly the third segment of the superior ophthalmic vein, partial occlusion of the cavernous sinus). Orbital phlebography was normal in all but one of the subjects in the reference group. The medical history of this subject in retrospect revealed symptoms other than painful ophthalmoplegia commonly found in patients with Tolosa-Hunt' syndrome, suggesting that he suffered from a variant of the disease causing the syndrome. In one patient with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia a biopsy from an eye muscle showed venous vasculitis, probably indicating the basic pathology behind the phlebographic changes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome.
High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Osseous Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Larheim T. A. , Kolbenstvedt A.
Published: June 2015

A standardized CT procedure for examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with axial and coronal scanning as well as reformatted coronal and sagittal sections, was performed on 32 adults. These included subjects with normal TMJ and patients suffering from muscular dysfunction/disc displacement, arthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Some normal CT appearances simulating disease were presented. Axial CT scanning appeared to be the most useful method for demonstrating osseous abnormalities of the TMJ. The diagnostic information was occasionally supplemented by the coronal scanning, which may be difficult to perform on patients with neck stiffness. Reformatted coronal or sagittal sections mostly confirmed TMJ abnormality and supplemented the findings at axial scans in about one third of the patients.
Radiology in Primary Gastric Lymphoma
Authors: Fork F.-T. , Ekberg O. , Haglund U.
Published: June 2015

Upper gastro-intestinal radiographic studies in 19 patients with primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) were reviewed and compared with studies in matched patients with adenocarcinoma. The very large infiltrating tumour (n=10) was significantly more often found in patients with PGL, whereas the ulcerative lesion was the predominating feature in patients with adenocarcinoma (n=15). Furthermore a coarse, irregular mucosal pattern and shallow ulcerations were frequently associated with PGL (n=18). There was no difference in survival time between the two groups of patients. PGL is a rare disease, with two new cases annually in a population of 230000, and therefore easily misjudged.
Age Related Changes in Tumor Vascularity
Authors: Lörelius L.-E. , Stridbeck H.
Published: June 2015

VX2 tumors in the rabbit hind leg were investigated at one, two and three weeks of age. Angiograms were compared with vascular casts. The tumors grew rapidly the first two weeks of age. Large variations in vascularity were noted between tumors of different ages. With increasing age arteriovenous shunts at the tumor periphery and areas of avascularity or necrosis in the tumor center increased in size. Possible reasons for tumor necrosis are increased tissue pressure, anoxia caused by arteriovenous shunts and elevation in venous pressure. The natural history of the VX2 tumor must be considered in every experimental study of the effect of any treatment.
Quantitative Doppler Flowmetry
Authors: Smith H.-J.
Published: June 2015

A duplex scanning system especially intended for abdominal vessel flowmetry was constructed and tested in vitro. An effort was made to mimic the special conditions encountered in the in vivo examination of abdominal vessels. The accuracy of flow estimation in blood-filled plastic tubes was studied with varying blood velocity, flow pattern, diameter of blood-filled tube and placement of sample volume in relation to tube. The influence on flow estimation by flow in a second nearby tube was also tested. The flow estimates performed in a single tube with the Doppler sample volume covering the entire cross-sectional area of the tube, were all within ± 10 per cent of true flow as long as the velocities were within the working range of the Doppler velocity meter. The error in flow estimation due to a discrepancy in size and placement of sample volume in relation to tube, and the unfavourable influence of flow in a nearby tube, is quantified and discussed.
Embolization of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Invading the Trachea
Authors: Beers G. J. , Svendsen P. , Carter A. P. , Bell R.
Published: June 2015

A case is presented of medullary thyroid carcinoma causing severe hemoptysis by invading the trachea. After embolization with polyvinyl alcohol there was marked diminution of tumor vascularity. The embolized portions were significantly revascularized two months later, however.
Computed Tomography in Staging of Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Adalsteinsson B. , Glimelius B. , Graffman S. , Hemmingsson A. , Påhlman L.
Published: June 2015

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 204 patients with rectal carcinoma in an attempt to determine the tumour stage preoperatively. In 154 patients CT and histopathology could be compared. Correct staging was achieved in 60 to 70 per cent of the patients, but considerable over- and understaging limit the use of CT in preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.