bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comments and illustrations of the WFUMB CEUS liver guidelines: Rare focal liver lesion – infectious parasitic, fungus
Authors: Zander Tobias , Zadeh Ehsan Safai , Möller Kathleen , Goerg Christian , Correas Jean Michel , Chaubal Nitin , Dirks Klaus , Hollerweger Alois , Jenssen Christian , Klinger Christoph , Lim Adrian , Dong Yi , Cui Xin Wu , Montagut Nathally Espinosa , Srivastava David , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: March 2023

In this series of papers on comments and illustrations of the World Federation for Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) guidelines on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) the topics of parasitic and fungus infections are discussed. Improved detection and characterization of common focal liver lesions (FLL) are the main topics of these guidelines but detailed and illustrating information is missing. The focus in this paper on infectious (parasitic and fungus) focal liver lesions is on their appearance on B-mode and Doppler ultrasound and CEUS features. Knowledge of these data should help to raise awareness of these rarer findings, to think of these clinical pictures in the corresponding clinical situation, to interpret the ultrasound images correctly and thus to initiate the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic steps in time.
Effects of adventitious impurity adsorption on oxygen interstitial injection rates from submerged TiO2(110) and ZnO(0001) surfaces
Authors: Jeong Heonjae , Seebauer Edmund G.
Published: March 2023

Low bond coordination of surface atoms facilitates the injection of oxygen interstitial atoms into the bulk near room temperature from the clean surfaces of semiconducting metal oxides when exposed to liquid water, opening new prospects for postsynthesis defect engineering and isotopic fractionation. The injection rate and penetration depth vary considerably under identical experimental conditions, however, with the adsorption of adventitious carbon suggested as the cause. For water-submerged rutile TiO2(110) and wurtzite ZnO(0001), this work bolsters and refines that hypothesis by combining the isotopic self-diffusion measurements of oxygen with characterization by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Adventitious carbon likely diminishes injection rates by poisoning small concentrations of exceptionally active surface sites that either inject O or dissociate adsorbed OH to injectable O. These effects propagate into the penetration depth via the progressive saturation of Oi traps near the surface, which occurs less extensively as the injected flux decreases.
Modeling frequency shifts of collective bubble resonances with the boundary element method
Authors: Jerez Boudesseul Rudyard , van 't Wout Elwin
Published: March 2023

Increasing the number of closely packed air bubbles immersed in water changes the frequency of the Minnaert resonance. The collective interactions between bubbles in a small ensemble are primarily in the same phase, causing them to radiate a spherically symmetric field that peaks at a frequency lower than the Minnaert resonance for a single bubble. In contrast, large periodic arrays include bubbles that are further apart than half of the wavelength such that collective resonances have bubbles oscillating in opposite phases, ultimately creating a fundamental resonance at a frequency higher than the single-bubble Minnaert resonance. This work investigates the transition in resonance behavior using a modal analysis of a mass-spring system and a boundary element method. The computational complexity of the full-wave solver is significantly reduced to a linear dependence on the number of bubbles in a rectangular array. The simulated acoustic fields confirm the initial downshift in resonance frequency and the strong influence of collective resonances when the array has hundreds of bubbles covering more than half of the wavelength. These results are essential in understanding the low-frequency resonance characteristics of bubble ensembles, which have important applications in diverse fields such as underwater acoustics, quantum physics, and metamaterial design.
“Older, Faster, Stronger”: The Multiple Benefits of Masters Sport Participation
Authors: Deck Sarah , Doherty Alison , Hall Craig , Schneider Angela , Patil Swarali , Belfry Glen
Published: March 2023

While masters sport aligns with the holistic concept of active aging, related research has focused predominantly on the physical domain, and less is known about the psychological, cognitive, and social benefits of older adults’ participation. This study examined, in combination, the perceived psychological, social, cognitive, and physical benefits of training and competing as a masters athlete, while considering age and gender differences. Forty masters athletes residing in Canada were interviewed (21 men and 19 women; 15 who were 50–64 years and 25 who were 65–79 years), representing 15 different sports. Interviews were coded both deductively and inductively, revealing several subthemes of benefits for the broader perceived psychological, social, cognitive, and physical benefits, with few but notable differences between women and men, and those younger than 65 years and those 65+ years. Our findings provide new insights into the positive experiences of active aging associated with high levels of physical activity among older adults, such as greater self-confidence, especially for women, comradery, and feeling mentally sharper, especially for the older age group.
Effect of an Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide/Simethicone) or a Proton Pump Inhibitor (Omeprazole) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Patel Gina , Gupta Vipul K. , Gasink Leanne , Bajraktari Floni , Lei Yang , Jain Akash , Srivastava Praveen , Talley Angela K.
Published: March 2023

Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is a novel oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. This open-label, 3-period, fixed sequence study evaluated the effect of gastric acid-reducing agents, aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone, and omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tebipenem (TBP), the active moiety, following coadministration with immediate release TBP-PI-HBr during fasting.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Bacterium
Cupriavidus
sp. Strain D39, Inhabiting the Rhizosphere of Pea Plants (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Guro Polina , Ulianich Pavel , Shaposhnikov Alexander , Yuzikhin Oleg , Karlov Denis , Sazanova Anna , Safronova Vera , Belimov Andrey
Published: March 2023

We report the draft genome sequence of
Cupriavidus
sp. strain D39, associated with the roots of pea plants. The genome is characterized by a GC content of 63.62% and a total length of 7.7 Mbp and contains several putative genes associated with resistance to metals and plant growth promotion.
Evidence for a Putative Isoprene Reductase in Acetobacterium wieringae
Authors: Kronen Miriam , Vázquez-Campos Xabier , Wilkins Marc R. , Lee Matthew , Manefield Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Isoprene was recently shown to act as an electron acceptor for a homoacetogenic bacterium. The focus of this study is the molecular basis for isoprene reduction.
Identification and Quantification of S-Sulfenylation Proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lu Yun , Chen Hongtong , Wang Penghe , Pang Jing , Lu Xi , Li Guoqing , Hu Xinxin , Wang Xiukun , Yang Xinyi , Li Congran , Lu Yu , You Xuefu
Published: March 2023

With the continuous spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for new antituberculosis drugs with new mechanisms. The ability of
Mtb
to resist oxidative stress is extremely important for maintaining redox homeostasis and survival in the host.
Intra-Domain Residue Coevolution in Transcription Factors Contributes to DNA Binding Specificity
Authors: Luan Yizhao , Tang Zehua , He Yao , Xie Zhi
Published: March 2023

While unraveling DNA-binding specificity of TFs is the key to understanding the basis and molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation, identifying the critical determinants that contribute to DNA binding specificity remains a major challenge. In this study, we provided evidence showing that coevolving residues in TF domains contributed to DNA binding specificity.
Murine Norovirus Interaction with Enterobacter cloacae Leads to Changes in Membrane Stability and Packaging of Lipid and Metabolite Vesicle Content
Authors: Mosby Chanel A. , Edelmann Mariola J. , Jones Melissa K.
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles from commensal bacteria are recognized for their importance in modulating host immune responses, and vesicle content is related to their impact on the host. Therefore, understanding how vesicles are formed and how their content shifts in response to stress conditions is necessary for elucidating their downstream functions.
Cas12a/Guide RNA-Based Platforms for Rapidly and Accurately Identifying Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus
Authors: Cao Xiaoying , Chang Yanbin , Tao Chunqing , Chen Sen , Lin Qiuxia , Ling Chao , Huang Shifeng , Zhang Hengshu
Published: March 2023

The spread of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) poses a major threat to global health. Isothermal amplification combined with the
trans
-cleavage activity of Cas12a has been exploited to generate diagnostic platforms for pathogen detection.
Discovery of Brassica Yellows Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in
Diaphorina citri
and Changes in Virome Due to Infection with ‘
Ca
. L. asiaticus’
Authors: Lu Jinming , Zeng Lixia , Holford Paul , Beattie George A. C. , Wang Yanjing
Published: March 2023

The cross transmission of pathogenic viruses between different farming systems or plant communities is a major threat to plants and animals and, potentially, human health. The use of metagenomics is an effective approach to discover viruses and vectors.
Broad Host Tropism of Flaviviruses during the Entry Stage
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Yan Yiran , Li Suhua , Yuan Fei , Wen Dan , Jia Na , Xiong Tao , Zhang Xing , Zheng Aihua
Published: March 2023

Vector-borne flaviviruses, such as Zika virus, have extremely broad host and cell tropism, even though no critical entry receptors have yet been identified. Using an RVP system, we found the efficient entry of ISFs, MBFs, TBFs, and NKVs into their nonhost cells with similar characteristics.
Clinical
Aureobasidium
Isolates Are More Fungicide Sensitive than Many Agricultural Isolates
Authors: Magoye Electine , Nägeli Lukas , Bühlmann Andreas , Hilber-Bodmer Maja , Keller Peter , Mühlethaler Konrad , Riat Arnaud , Schrenzel Jacques , Freimoser Florian M.
Published: March 2023

Environmental microbiota are regularly found in clinical samples and can cause disease, in particular, in immunocompromised individuals. Organisms of the genus
Aureobasidium
belonging to this group are highly abundant, and some species are even described as pathogens.
Massive generalised lymphadenopathy: a rare presentation of tuberculosis with a favourable outcome
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Tushar Ramesh , Senthamizh Kurinji Ramachandran , Meshram Shailesh Bhanudas
Published: March 2023

We present a case of massive generalised necrotic lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis (TB) without any solid organ involvement. An immunocompetent man in his early 30s presented 1 year ago with weight loss, cough and a solitary cervical node. Contrast-enhanced CT scan thorax showed massive enlargement of almost all groups of mediastinal nodes with large areas of necrosis. Ultrasound examination revealed multiple necrotic abdominal nodes. Core biopsy of the supraclavicular node confirmed TB by histopathology and molecular testing. His Mantoux test was negative suggesting tuberculin anergy. Biopsy of deep nodes was avoided. He responded well to standard antitubercular treatment in weight-corrected doses along with systemic steroids which were prescribed to prevent further breakdown/rupture of nodes. After the extended TB treatment for 12 months, he is asymptomatic and has gained weight, with complete resolution of cervical node and near complete resolution of all deep nodes.
Schwannoma of the colon: a rare submucosal neoplasm
Authors: Naresh Divya , Baqar Ali , Khan Afaq
Published: March 2023

Schwannomas are nerve sheath tumours that can be found throughout the body along peripheral nerves. Primary schwannomas of the colon are very rare. They are usually benign and their surgical resection is considered curative. They are, however, difficult to diagnose preoperatively and therefore tend to be overtreated with major colorectal surgery.
A global review of penalties for abortion-related offences in 182 countries
Authors: Ambast Sanhita , Atay Hazal , Lavelanet Antonella
Published: March 2023

Public health research and human rights bodies have demonstrated the risks involved with criminalising abortion services and noted a need for full decriminalisation. Despite this, abortions are criminalised in some circumstances in almost all countries in the world today. This paper uses data from the Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD) to analyse what criminal penalties exist for those who are seeking, providing and assisting in abortions in 182 countries.

This paper uses data on abortion-related penalties available on the GAPD as of October 2022. It includes which actors are penalised, whether specific penalties exist for negligence, non-consensual abortions, whether any secondary additional considerations/judicial discretion exist in sentencing and the legal sources for these penalties.

134 countries penalise abortion-seekers, 181 countries penalise abortion-providers and 159 countries penalise persons assisting in abortions. The maximum penalty is between 0 and 5 years of imprisonment in a majority of countries; however, it can be much higher in other countries. Some countries further prescribe fines, and professional sanctions for providers and those who assist. 34 countries restrict the dissemination of information about abortion.

The range of possible penalties across countries and associated aggravating and mitigating factors for imposing these penalties support arguments for the decriminalisation of abortion on the grounds of arbitrariness. Abortions are also predominantly regulated through the criminal law, which may compound the stigma associated with seeking, assisting with and/or providing abortions when it is criminalised.

There has been no comprehensive study of penalties for abortion at a global level. This article describes what specific penalties abortion seekers and providers face, what factors may increase or decrease these penalties, and the legal sources for these penalties. The findings provide additional evidence of the arbitrariness and potential for stigma associated with the criminalisation of abortion and strengthen the case for decriminalisation.
Hospital quality reporting in the pandemic era: to what extent did hospitals’ COVID-19 census burdens impact 30-day mortality among non-COVID Medicare beneficiaries?
Authors: Pollock Benjamin D , Dowdy Sean C
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Highly visible hospital quality reporting stakeholders in the USA such as the US News & World Report (USNWR) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) play an important health systems role via their transparent public reporting of hospital outcomes and performance. However, during the pandemic, many such quality measurement stakeholders and pay-for-performance programmes in the USA and Europe have eschewed the traditional risk adjustment paradigm, instead choosing to pre-emptively exclude months or years of pandemic era performance data due largely to hospitals’ perceived COVID-19 burdens. These data exclusions may lead patients to draw misleading conclusions about where to seek care, while also masking genuine improvements or deteriorations in hospital quality that may have occurred during the pandemic. Here, we assessed to what extent hospitals’ COVID-19 burdens (proportion of hospitalised patients with COVID-19) were associated with their non-COVID 30-day mortality rates from March through November 2020 to inform whether inclusion of pandemic-era data may still be appropriate.

Design

This was a retrospective cohort study using the 100% CMS Inpatient Standard Analytic File and Master Beneficiary Summary File to include all US Medicare inpatient encounters with admission dates from 1 April 2020 through 30 November 2020, excluding COVID-19 encounters. Using linear regression, we modelled the association between hospitals’ COVID-19 proportions and observed/expected (O/E) ratios, testing whether the relationship was non-linear. We calculated alternative hospital O/E ratios after selective pandemic data exclusions mirroring the USNWR data exclusion methodology.

Setting and participants

We analysed 4 182 226 consecutive Medicare inpatient encounters from across 2601 US hospitals.

Results

The association between hospital COVID-19 proportion and non-COVID O/E 30-day mortality was statistically significant (p<0.0001), but weakly correlated (r2=0.06). The median (IQR) pairwise relative difference in hospital O/E ratios comparing the alternative analysis with the original analysis was +3.7% (−2.5%, +6.7%), with 1908/2571 (74.2%) of hospitals having relative differences within ±10%.

Conclusions

For non-COVID patient outcomes such as mortality, evidence-based inclusion of pandemic-era data is methodologically plausible and must be explored rather than exclusion of months or years of relevant patient outcomes data.
Pharmacy dispensing of abortion pills in Ghana: experiences of pharmacy workers and users
Authors: Otsin Mercy Nana Akua , Black Kirsten , Hooker Leesa , Taft Angela J
Published: March 2023

Background

Self-managed medical abortions are generally safe; however, pharmacy provision of abortion pills is against the Ghanaian abortion law. Nevertheless, evidence shows increasing numbers of women use it. An understanding of the influence of the law on pharmacies dispensing abortifacients and women who needed hospital care after using these pills is lacking. This study aimed to address this gap.

Methods

We conducted 26 interviews with eight pharmacy workers and 18 women who sought hospital care after using abortion pills. Study participants were recruited from private pharmacies and hospitals within the Ashanti Region of Ghana between June 2017 and March 2018. We employed phenomenology in analysing the data.

Results

Results show that criminalising medical abortion care from pharmacies does not stop abortions but rather drives it to be provided without oversight. It also denied pharmacy workers formal training in medical abortion care, resulting in situations where they failed to provide correct dosage information, used their discretion in determining the price of abortifacients and to whom they would dispense the pills. For women, it contributed to limited interaction with providers and an inability to insist on their rights even in instances where the pills were sold at exorbitant prices.

Conclusions

Due to the increasing numbers of Ghanaian women using medical abortion pills from pharmacies, although it is illegal, the ideal would be for medical abortion pills to be made legally available through pharmacies. Given that this may not occur in the short term, an immediate solution would be to upskill pharmacy workers.
Development and validation of machine learning-based model for mortality prediction in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion receiving endovascular treatment: multicentric cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Jiacheng , Kong Weilin , Chen Liyuan , Song Jiaxing , Yang Jie , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie
Published: March 2023

Background

Predicting mortality in stroke patients using information available before endovascular treatment (EVT) is an essential component for supporting clinical decision-making. Although the mortality rate of acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) after EVT has reached 40%, few studies have focused on predicting mortality in these individuals. Thus, we aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based mortality prediction tool based on preoperative information for ABAO patients receiving EVT.

Methods

The derivation cohort comprised patients from southern provinces of China in the BASILAR registry. The model (POSITIVE: Predicting mOrtality of baSilar artery occlusion patIents Treated wIth EVT) was trained and optimized using a fivefold cross-validation method in which hyperparameters were selected and fine-tuned. This model was retrospectively tested in patients from the northern provinces of China from the BASILAR registry. A prospective test of POSITIVE was performed on consecutive patients from two hospitals between January 2020 and June 2022.

Results

Extreme gradient boosting was employed to construct the POSITIVE model, which achieved the best predictive performance among the eight machine learning algorithms and showed excellent discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.80 to 0.87) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P>0.05) in the development cohort. AUC yielded by the POSITIVE model for the retrospective test was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.85), higher than that obtained by traditional models. Prospective comparisons showed that the POSITIVE model achieved the highest AUC (0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90) among all prediction models.

Conclusion

We developed a machine learning algorithm and retrospective and prospective testing with multicentric cohorts, which exhibited a solid predictive performance and may act as a convenient reference to guide decision-making for ABAO patients. The POSITIVE model is presented online for user-friendly access.
Predictors of perioperative respiratory adverse events among children with upper respiratory tract infection undergoing pediatric ambulatory ilioinguinal surgery: a prospective observational research
Authors: Jarraya Anouar , Kammoun Manel , Ammar Saloua , Feki Wiem , Kolsi Kamel
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Anesthesia for children with an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) has an increased risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) that may be predicted according to the COLDS score. The aims of this study were to evaluate the validity of the COLDS score in children undergoing ilioinguinal ambulatory surgery with mild to moderate URI and to investigate new predictors of PRAEs.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study including children aged 1–5 years with mild to moderate symptoms of URI who were proposed for ambulatory ilioinguinal surgery. The anesthesia protocol was standardized. Patients were divided into two groups according to the incidence of PRAEs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess predictors for PRAEs.

Results

In this observational study, 216 children were included. The incidence of PRAEs was 21%. Predictors of PRAEs were respiratory comorbidities (adjusted OR (aOR)=6.3, 95% CI 1.19 to 33.2; p=0.003), patients postponed before 15 days (aOR=4.3, 95% CI 0.83 to 22.4; p=0.029), passive smoking (aOR=5.31, 95% CI 2.07 to 13.6; p=0.001), and COLDS score of >10 (aOR=3.7, 95% CI 0.2 to 53.4; p=0.036).

Conclusions

Even in ambulatory surgery, the COLDS score was effective in predicting the risks of PRAEs. Passive smoking and previous comorbidities were the main predictors of PRAEs in our population. It seems that children with severe URI should be postponed to receive surgery for more than 15 days.
Effects of oil sands disturbances on shrub and tree structure along forest edges in Alberta's boreal forest
Authors: Jackson R.S. , Dennett J.M. , Nielsen S.E.
Published: March 2023

Deforestation causes forest fragmentation and associated edge effects. The boreal forest of Alberta, Canada has undergone substantial fragmentation via the creation of seismic lines, roads, and wellpads for resource exploration and extraction, but their associated edge effects have not been fully assessed, particularly for the latter two footprint types. We examined how these disturbances influence forest composition and structure along anthropogenic forest edges in the oil sands region of northeastern Alberta. We then used generalized linear models to test distance to edge responses in tree and shrub density given treatment (disturbance) type and forest canopy composition. Our results indicate the presence of edge effects, even along narrow seismic lines. Tree and shrub density and tree basal area were greater at the forest edge, being two times greater at 1 m from the forest edge relative to intermediate interior forest distances (∼30 m). Variations in tree basal area, tree density, and shrub and sapling density were best explained by interactions between disturbance type, distance from the forest edge, and % conifer composition. This study demonstrates that anthropogenic disturbances from energy exploration in the boreal forests cause changes in tree and shrub density (structure), and this effect is most pronounced in deciduous-dominated forests.
Creation of wormholes during the cosmological bounce
Authors: Pavlović Petar , Sossich Marko
Published: March 2023

In this work we demonstrate that wormholes can in principle be naturally created during the cosmological bounce without the need for the exotic matter or any kind of additional modifications of the gravitational sector, apart from the one enabling the cosmological bounce. This result is general and does not depend on the details of the modifications of gravitational equations needed to support the bounce. To study the possible existence of wormholes around the cosmological bounce we introduce general modifications of Einstein’s field equations need to support the bouncing solutions. In this regime we show that it is possible to construct a cosmological wormhole solution supported by matter, radiation and vacuum energy, satisfying the Weak Energy Condition (WEC), which asymptotically approaches the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. However, at a specific cosmological time, which depends on the parameters of the bouncing cosmological model, the WEC describing the matter needed to support such wormholes is spontaneously violated. This means that such wormholes could potentially exist in large numbers during some period around the bounce, significantly changing the causal structure of space-time, and then vanish afterwards.
Gorenstein Projective Coresolutions and Co-Tate Homology Functors
Authors: Liu Zhongkui , Wang Li
Published: March 2023

For a local commutative Gorenstein ring [Formula: see text], Enochs et al. in [Gorenstein projective resolvents, Comm. Algebra 44 (2016) 3989–4000] defined a functor [Formula: see text] and showed that this functor can be computed by taking a totally acyclic complex arising from a projective coresolution of the first component or a totally acyclic complex arising from a projective resolution of the second component. In order to define the functor [Formula: see text] over general rings, we introduce the right Gorenstein projective dimension of an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], via Gorenstein projective coresolutions, and give some equivalent characterizations for the finiteness of [Formula: see text]. Then over a general ring [Formula: see text] we define a co-Tate homology group [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and prove that [Formula: see text] can be computed by complete projective coresolutions of the first variable or by complete projective resolutions of the second variable.
Basic 3-Transpositions of Unitary Group Un (2 )
Authors: Moori J.
Published: March 2023

We aim to study maximal pairwise commuting sets of 3-transpositions (transvections) of the simple unitary group [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], and to construct designs from these sets. Any maximal set of pairwise commuting 3-transpositions is called a basic set of transpositions. Let [Formula: see text]. It is well known that [Formula: see text] is a 3-transposition group with the set [Formula: see text], the conjugacy class consisting of its transvections, as the set of 3-transpositions. Let [Formula: see text] be a set of basic transpositions in [Formula: see text]. We give general descriptions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]- [Formula: see text] designs [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and further properties of [Formula: see text] are determined. We also, as examples, apply the method to the unitary simple groups [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Depth and Width for Unbounded DG-Modules
Authors: Rao Yanping , Liu Zhongkui , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Wenjing
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces the notion of depth with respect to ideals for unbounded DG-modules, and gives a reduction formula and the local nature of this depth. As applications, we provide several bounds of the depth in special cases, and recover and generalize the known results about the depth of complexes. In addition, the width with respect to ideals for unbounded DG-modules is investigated and the depth and width formulas for DG-modules are generalized.
New Permutation Reversed Dickson Polynomials over Finite Fields
Authors: Cheng Kaimin
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be an odd prime, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be nonnegative integers. Let [Formula: see text] be the reversed Dickson polynomial of the [Formula: see text]-th kind. In this paper, by using Hermite's criterion, we study the permutational properties of the reversed Dickson polynomials [Formula: see text] over finite fields in the case of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. In particular, we provide some precise characterizations for [Formula: see text] being permutation polynomials over finite fields with characteristic [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text].
CBDC-PUF: A Novel Physical Unclonable Function Design Framework Utilizing Configurable Butterfly Delay Chain Against Modeling Attack
Authors: Liu Yanjiang , Li Junwei , Qu Tongzhou , Dai Zibin
Published: March 2023

Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a promising security-based primitive, which provides an extremely large number of responses for key generation and authentication applications. Various PUFs have been developed as central building blocks in cryptographic protocols and security architectures, however, the existing PUFs and their improvements are still vulnerable to modeling attacks (MA) with refined machine learning algorithms. In this article, a configurable butterfly delay chain-based PUF design framework is proposed to meet the requirements of randomness, reliability, uniqueness, and MA-resistance metrics. A configurable butterfly delay chain is introduced to create multiple pairs of symmetric paths and a strong PUF relying on the intrinsic delay fluctuations of two identical paths is built. Furthermore, a secure hash function is used to insert non-linearities into the PUF, and a BCH-based error correction algorithm is utilized to recover the actual responses under noisy environments. The proposed PUF is implemented on Xilinx FPGAs and three machine learning algorithms are used to evaluate the resistance against MA. Experimental results show that the randomness, reliability, and uniqueness of the proposed PUF are close to the ideal value (49.6%, 99.9%, and 49.9%, respectively), and the prediction accuracy reaches 50% that indicating a desirable resilient to MA.
A Universal SMR-aware Cache Framework with Deep Optimization for DM-SMR and HM-SMR Disks
Authors: Sun Diansen , Tan Ruixiong , Chai Yunpeng
Published: March 2023

To satisfy the enormous storage capacities required for big data, data centers have been adopting high-density shingled magnetic recording (SMR) disks. However, the weak fine-grained random write performance of SMR disks caused by their inherent write amplification and unbalanced read–write performance poses a severe challenge. Many studies have proposed solid-state drive (SSD) cache systems to address this issue. However, existing cache algorithms, such as the least recently used (LRU) algorithm, which is used to optimize cache popularity, and the MOST algorithm, which is used to optimize the write amplification factor, cannot exploit the full performance of the proposed cache systems because of their inappropriate optimization objectives. This article proposes a new SMR-aware cache framework called SAC+ to improve SMR-based hybrid storage. SAC+ integrates the two dominant types of SMR drives—namely, drive-managed and host-managed SMR drives—and provides a universal framework implementation. In addition, SAC+ integrally combines the drive characteristics to optimize I/O performance. The results of evaluations conducted using real-world traces indicate that SAC+ reduces the I/O time by 36–93% compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.
UrbanKG: An Urban Knowledge Graph System
Authors: Liu Yu , Ding Jingtao , Fu Yanjie , Li Yong
Published: March 2023

Every day, our living city produces a tremendous amount of spatial-temporal data, involved with multiple sources from the individual scale to the city scale. Undoubtedly, such massive urban data can be explored for a better city and better life, as what the urban computing community has been dedicating in recent years. Nevertheless, existing studies are still facing the challenges of data fusion for the urban data as well as the knowledge distillation for specific applications. Moreover, there is a lack of full-featured and user-friendly platforms for both researchers and developers in the urban computing scenario. Therefore, in this article, we present UrbanKG, an urban knowledge graph system to incorporate a knowledge graph with urban computing. Specifically, the system introduces a complete scheme to construct a knowledge graph for urban data fusion. Built upon the data layer, the system further develops the multiple layers of construction, storage, algorithm, operation, and applications, which achieve knowledge distillation and support various functions to the users. We perform representative use cases and demonstrate the system capability of boosting performance in various downstream applications, indicating a promising research direction for knowledge-driven urban computing.
Role of International Oil Companies in the Net-Zero Emission Energy Transition
Authors: Smit Dirk J. , Powell Joseph B.
Published: March 2023

Scientific and engineering capabilities in hydrocarbon supply chains developed over decades in international oil and gas companies (IOCs) uniquely position these companies to drive rapid scale-up and transition to a net-zero emission economy. Flexible large-scale production of energy carriers such as hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and other synthetic fuels produced with low- or zero-emission renewable power, nuclear energy, or hydrogen derived from natural gas with carbon capture and storage will enable long-distance transport and permanent storage options for clean energy. Use of energy carriers can overcome the inherent constraints of a fully electrified energy system by providing the energy and power densities, as well as transport and storage capacity, required to achieve energy supply and security in a net-zero emission economy, and over time allow optimization to the lowest cost for a consumer anywhere on the globe.
What Makes Weak Ties Strong?
Authors: Kim Minjae , Fernandez Roberto M.
Published: March 2023

We raise two challenges concerning the validity of arguments underlying Granovetter's strength of weak ties (SWT) thesis: ( a) whether weak ties are actually bridges, i.e., they help reach more socially distant actors than strong ties, and ( b) whether weak ties transmit information effectively enough so that weak ties’ alleged structural properties make them more useful than strong ties. In the course of reviewing subsequent research that has made progress in addressing these challenges, we identify both potential limits and possibilities for the SWT thesis. We argue for the importance of identifying how actors’ agency—i.e., the way people use their ties—may affect social networks’ value. We conclude by summarizing some outstanding questions that progress on the SWT thesis has generated.
Neuronal Representations Supporting Three-Dimensional Vision in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Rosenberg Ari , Thompson Lowell W. , Doudlah Raymond , Chang Ting-Yu
Published: March 2023

The visual system must reconstruct the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) world from ambiguous two-dimensional (2D) retinal images. In this review, we synthesize current literature on how the visual system of nonhuman primates performs this transformation through multiple channels within the classically defined dorsal (where) and ventral (what) pathways. Each of these channels is specialized for processing different 3D features (e.g., the shape, orientation, or motion of objects, or the larger scene structure). Despite the common goal of 3D reconstruction, neurocomputational differences between the channels impose distinct information-limiting constraints on perception. Convergent evidence further points to the little-studied area V3A as a potential branchpoint from which multiple 3D-fugal processing channels diverge. We speculate that the expansion of V3A in humans may have supported the emergence of advanced 3D spatial reasoning skills. Lastly, we discuss future directions for exploring 3D information transmission across brain areas and experimental approaches that can further advance the understanding of 3D vision.
An update in club cell biology and its potential relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Blackburn Jessica B. , Li Ngan Fung , Bartlett Nathan W. , Richmond Bradley W.
Published: March 2023

Club cells are found in human small airways where they play an important role in immune defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and repair after injury. Over the past few years, data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies has generated new insights into club cell heterogeneity and function. In this review, we integrate findings from scRNA-seq experiments with earlier in vitro, in vivo, and microscopy studies and highlight the many ways club cells contribute to airway homeostasis. We then discuss evidence for loss of club cells or club cell products in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discuss potential mechanisms through which this might occur.
Path Analysis of the e-Commerce Platform Driven by Multimodal Multimedia Information to Promote the Upgrading of Beautiful Countryside
Authors: Chen Xiaofang , Deng Fukang
Published: March 2023

In today’s society, the fastest and most active technology in the field of information technology is multimedia technology, which is the focus of the development and competition of the new generation of electronic technology. Computer technology, text, image, sound, animation, video, communication, military, finance, and a series of functions are integrated into one, which is multimedia technology. With the help of the increasingly popular information network, multimedia technology realizes the global networking of computers and the sharing of information resources, so it is applied in many industries and changes people’s lives subtly. It is necessary to innovate the methods and methods in the multimedia environment, redefine the current situation of the application of multimedia in rural areas, and analyze the method of applying multimedia e-commerce in rural enterprises, which is the main core of promoting rural education informatization in rural enterprises. However, there are some problems in its e-commerce methods and concepts. Here, it mainly analyzes how to correctly apply modern multimedia for e-commerce so that it can truly enter into rural enterprises. With the rapid development of computer technology, the computer-based multimedia foundation plays an important role in the production and life of human beings, and it is profoundly affecting the progress of the world economy and science and technology. Multimedia equipment can fully mobilize villagers’ enthusiasm for learning, and the rational application of multimedia equipment can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of e-commerce. Therefore, this article will discuss the development trend of multimedia technology on the basis of discussing the current situation of multimedia technology. This paper focuses on analyzing the significance and specific strategies of applying multimedia equipment in rural revitalization e-commerce, in order to improve the level of rural revitalization e-commerce. Through data analysis, it is found that the application of multimedia has increased the level of rural revitalization e-commerce by 32.74%.
“An Unusual Pattern of Metastasis” Metastatic Malignant Thymoma Presented with Breast Lump: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Khoo Kah-Seng , Nadesalingam Kavinya Diana T. , Ong Diana Bee-Lan , Teoh Li-Ying , Teh Mei-Sze , Jamaris Suniza , See Mee-Hoong
Published: March 2023

Metastatic lesions to the breast from extramammary malignant neoplasms are rare and reported account for 0.5–6.6% of all breast malignancies. Distant metastasis of thymoma is even rarer, especially to extrathoracic regions. We reported a woman with invasive malignant thymoma postneoadjuvant and resection of the thymoma, who developed breast metastasis 7 years later. Breast imaging showed high-density lesion with no intralesional microcalcifications and no significant axillary lymphadenopathy. Core biopsy and histopathology proved the lesion to be metastatic thymic carcinoma. Despite rarity, breast lumps with underlying extramammary malignancy should raise the suspicious of breast metastasis.
Design and Test of Quad-Bundle Spacer Damper Based on a New Rubber Structure
Authors: Zhao Zhenbing , Liu Bin , Liu Shengchun , Zhang Dachuan
Published: March 2023

Aiming at improving the handling efficiency and acquiring the satisfactory antivibration effect and damping performance, a quad-bundle spacer damper of 500 kV extra high voltage transmission lines was designed and developed based on a new rubber structure. Firstly, a mathematical vibration model of the spacer damper was constructed, and the structures of the defect-prone parts of the spacer damper were analyzed. Then, the structure was optimized based on the defect analysis, the clamp with fast installation as well as removal and the damper joint with superior performance were designed. On this basis, a new quad-bundle spacer damper was developed. Last but not least, the handling efficiency of the new quad-bundle spacer damper was evaluated, and performance tests were conducted according to the IEC standards. The evaluation and test results show that the handling efficiency, antivibration effect, and damping performance of the new quad-bundle spacer damper are significantly improved compared with those of the regular quad-bundle spacer damper, which provides a guarantee for the safe operation of 500 kV extra high voltage transmission lines.
Recent Research Advancements of Coffee Quality Detection: Targeted Analyses vs. Nontargeted Fingerprinting and Related Issues
Authors: Chen Yumei , Gao Boyan , Lu Weiying
Published: March 2023

Coffee is an important commercial product that arose various quality issues. Different techniques have been applied to detect coffee quality. This review focused on the recent updates in the detection methods of coffee from a targeted versus nontargeted perspective. This review introduced case studies of the current research progresses on targeted and nontargeted detection approaches. Their merits and demerits were evaluated as an analysis of coffee quality. The targeted approach, including liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE), evaluates the quality of coffee by specific markers, whereas the nontargeted approach tests whether the sample is abnormal, without prior knowledge of what caused the abnormality, usually coupled with chemometrics. The nontargeted techniques commonly involve LC, GC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and mass spectrometry (MS). This work may provide guidance for resolving most aspects of the quality problems in coffee, such as adulterant detection, species identification, and geographical origin discrimination.
“Don’t Promise Something You can’t Deliver:” Caregivers’ Advice for Improving Services to Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism
Authors: Berg Kristen A. , Ishler Karen J. , Lytle Sarah , Kaplan Ronna , Wang Fei , Olgac Tugba , Miner Stacy , Edguer Marjorie N. , Biegel David E.
Published: March 2023

Approximately 50,000 youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exit U.S. high schools yearly to enter adult systems of care, many of whom remain dependent on family for day-to-day care and service system navigation. As part of a larger study, 174 family caregivers for adolescents or young adults with ASD were asked what advice they would give service providers about how to improve services for youth with ASD. Reflexive thematic analysis identified a framework of five directives: (1) provide a roadmap to services; (2) improve service access; (3) fill gaps to address unmet needs; (4) educate themselves, their families, and society about autism; and (5) operate from a relationship-building paradigm with families. Education, health, and social service providers, as well as policymakers, can use these directives to better assist youth with ASD and their families in the transition to adulthood.
Genotypic Characterization of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) in Southeast Asian Aquaculture
Authors: Fusianto Cahya K. , Becker Joy A. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Whittington Richard J. , Koda Samantha A. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Murwantoko  , Hick Paul M.
Published: March 2023

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a species within the genus Megalocytivirus (family Iridoviridae), which causes high mortality disease in many freshwater and marine fish species. ISKNV was first reported in Asia and is an emerging threat to aquaculture with increasing global distribution, in part due to its presence in ornamental fish with clinical and subclinical infections. The species ISKNV includes three genotypes: red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and ISKNV. There is an increasing overlap in the recognized range of susceptible fish hosts and the geographic distribution of these distinct genotypes. To better understand the disease caused by ISKNV, a nucleic acid hybridization capture enrichment was used prior to sequencing to characterize whole genomes from archived clinical specimens of aquaculture and ornamental fish from Southeast Asia (n = 16). The method was suitable for tissue samples containing 2.50 × 104–4.58 × 109 ISKNV genome copies mg−1. Genome sequences determined using the hybridization capture method were identical to those obtained directly from tissues when there was sufficient viral DNA to sequence without enrichment (n = 2). ISKNV genomes from diverse locations, environments, and hosts had very high similarity and matched established genotype classifications (14 ISKNV genotype Clade 1 genomes with >98.81% nucleotide similarity). Conversely, two different genotypes were obtained at the same time and location (RSIV and ISKNV from grouper, Indonesia with 92.44% nucleotide similarity). Gene-by-gene analysis with representative ISKNV genomes identified 59 core genes within the species (>95% amino acid identity). The 14 Clade 1 ISKNV genomes in this study had 100% aa identity for 92–105 of 122 predicted genes. Despite high overall sequence similarity, phylogenetic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms differentiated isolates from different host species, country of origin, and time of collection. Whole genome studies of ISKNV and other megalocytiviruses enable genomic epidemiology and will provide information to enhance disease control in aquaculture.