bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The practice of exclusive breastfeeding: its socio-demographic determinants in Kashmir, North India
Authors: Naik Suhail A. , Irshad Mohd. , Rasool Ghulam , Rafiq Wasim A.
Published: January 2019

Background: Breastfeeding is a well-established and recommended intervention for the improvement of child nutrition. Formula feeding is a major public health problem. Objective of the current study was to know the significance of demography, socioeconomic, parental education and employment and mode of delivery on exclusive breast-feeding Kashmir, North India.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study, carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, G.B Pant Hospital Srinagar Kashmir India over the period from 2014 July to June 2015. A teaching, research and tertiary care hospital at Srinagar Kashmir North India. All the mothers who were having infants in the age group 0 to 6 months were included in study. Procedure of this variables recorded were modes of feeding, demographics, socioeconomic status, literacy level, mode of delivery, place of delivery etc.Results: A total of 600 mothers were included in study. Less than 35% of mothers were exclusively breast feeding their infants. Exclusive breast feeding was significantly high in babies born by normal vaginal delivery, more than 3 antenatal visits, mother knowing advantages of breast feeding and higher parental education.Conclusions: Exclusive breast feeding is very low (less than 35%) in this part of world and formula feeding is a major public health problem.
In vitro activity of the cinnamon essential oil against the plant pathogen Septoria melissae desm.
Authors: Kovács Gergő , Zámbori-Németh Éva , Radácsi Péter , Nagy Géza
Published: January 2019

Septoria leafspot caused by the mitosporic fungus Septoria melissae Desm. is the most significant disease of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). The fungus frequently appears in the plantations and causes serious yield losses or decreases the quality of the drug. At present plant protection of lemon balm is inadequate due to the lack of authorised plant protection products. The essential oil of the cinnamon bark (CEO) has a strong antimicrobial activity proved by several in vitro experiments. Therefore the goal of our work was to test antifungal effect of the CEO against the pathogen Septoria melissae Desm. In vitro tests were carried out with three concentrations (0.3%, 0.1%, 0.03%) of the CEO against a Hungarian and a Polish isolate of the fungus. Inhibition of the germination of the conidia as well as the mycelial radial growth was investigated. Supplementary tests were carried out with colonies of the fungi transferred to growth media without CEO after an incubation period of 14 and 35 days on media containing CEO. Our results showed that all the applied concentrations of CEO have very strong (98.07-100%) inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of both isolates. Germination of conidia was also blocked on each medium containing CEO. However, the effect of the CEO at 0.03% concentration was reversible. Mycelium began to grow again on media without CEO after transfer. Based on the results, further investigation of CEO as a potential plant protection product in lemon balm crops is recommended.
Preliminary results of a pot experiment with the combined effects of a terrestrial isopod species (Porcellionides pruinosus, Brandt 1833) and organic mulching on tomato
Authors: Mészárosné Póss Anett , Zanker Angéla , Tóthné Bogdányi Franciska , Tóth Ferenc
Published: January 2019

Organic mulching practice has a beneficial effect on soil life. Increased soil activity may in turn lead to increased soil fertility. To study the effect of terrestrial isopods and organic mulch on potted tomatoes we measured the growth, vitality and yield of plants. Half of the pots had the surface of the soil covered with a mulch of equal quantity of walnut (Juglans regia), elm (Ulmus minor) and maple (Acer platanoides) leaves; and half of them had the soil uncovered. 20 Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) individuals were introduced to every second pot. There were four treatments in 10 replicates: (1) I+M+ (isopods, mulching); (2) I+M- (isopods, no mulching); (3) I-M+ (no isopods, mulching) and (4) I-M- (no isopods, no mulching). To determine the microbial activity of the soil, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity was measured. The fluorescein diacetate concentration was higher in the “combined” treatment than in the “isopods only” treatment, and in the “mulch only” treatment. Regardless of treatment, overall microbial activity figures were lower after the experiment than their respective starting values. The “combined” treatment significantly increased the generative growth of tomatoes. The number of flowers was significantly higher, and thus significantly more tomato was harvested when compared to the “control” treatment. Our preliminary results indicate the beneficial effects of P. pruinosus, because its presence had an advantageous influence on tomato yield.
Calculation nitrogen and sodium budget from lysimeter-grown short-rotation willow coppice experiment
Authors: Kun Ágnes , Bozán Csaba , Oncsik Bíróné Mária , Barta Károly
Published: January 2019

Alternative water resources utilization should take priority over the conventional irrigation water resources (surface and subsurface waters) in the future in Hungary as well, similarly to the global trends because of the climate change impacts. However because of the environmental risks (e.g. nitrate leaching and soil salinization) the reuse of the wastewater require sustainable practices hence the farmers and researchers are responsible for development soil management practices and irrigation principles. Aim of our study was to determine the impact of a wastewater originated from an African intensive catfish farm on the nitrogen budget of the soil-water-plant system in order to evaluate the nitrogen substitution effect and the risk of the nitrate leaching. On the other hand, the aim of the study was to calculate also sodium budget to assess the risk of the sodicity regard to the high sodium concentration of the wastewater. The experiment was conducted at the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre (NAIK), Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Management (OVKI) in Szarvas, Hungary. The experiment was set up in the NAIK ÖVKI Lysimeter Station in 2014 with energy willow. During the study (between 03.07.2015 and 21.04.2017) irrigation water quality, rainwater quality, willow N and Na uptake by stems and N and Na leaching was measured. Nitrogen and sodium budget were calculated for two years (2015, 2016) from these data. According to our results the wastewater had high nitrogen content what was able to increase the nitrogen amount in the examined budget however without supplementary fertilizer it could not able to balance the budget only just at W60 treatment (irrigation with wastewater: N concentration 22,7 mg/l). The wastewater had high environmental risk as soil sodicity according to results of the sodium budget.
Perceived Institutional Climate and Faculties’ Affective Commitment: Evidence from Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: N. Semu B. , . Cherinet , Tadesse B.C , W. E Amare
Published: January 2019

Climate for an organization is somewhat like the personality for a person. One of the most important factors for organizational goal achievement of any type is human resource working in different organizational climate. This research is then aimed at dealing the role of selected institutional climate dimensions in determining academicians’ affective institutional commitment in the case of Debre Berhan and Wollo University during the year of 2016/17. A total of 216 respondents were selected using stratified probability sampling technique from each colleges found in the university.  The researchers used two separate instruments Organizational Climate Questionnaire and Affective Organizational Commitment Questionnaire to measure institutional climate and academicians’ affective institutional commitment respectively. Finally, the responses of the respondents were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0). The findings of the study revealed that there is significant positive relationship between four dimensions of institutional climate and affective dimension academicians’ institutional commitment, i.e. management and leadership style (β=.235, p<.001), Suitable career ladder (β=.195, p<.05), personnel policies (β=.177, p<.05) and fringe benefit and salary package (β=.154, p<.05). And also it has been proved that institutional climate has a significant role in determining academicians affective organizational commitment (R2=.257) which is significant at p=.001. It was also found that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of affective commitment of males and females in the universities. Also there is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of affective commitment of three age groups of academicians in both universities. So, the institution’s leaders should improve the level of employees’ commitment, especially affective commitment dimension, and retain them through facilitating those dimensions of institutional climate along with the rest dimensions in order to properly retain and enhance academicians’ affection towards their institution.
Cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: VATANSEVER AĞCA Fahriye
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular diseases are
one of the majorcause of mortality globally. Coronary heart disease is the
largest subset of cardiovascular disease. Although mortality rates decline
during time, hospital discharge data as a measure of morbidity rates are
stable, leading to larger pool of patients eligible to benefit from cardiac
rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation is a multi-disciplinary approach including
exersize training, patient counselling, education and nutritional guidance. Despite
the many known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, refferal and participation
rates remainlow and interventions to increase its use need to be developed.
The implementation of EU environmental policy: Why the scope conditions have improved?
Authors: Burgin Alexander
Published: January 2019

Implementation gaps of European Union (EU) environmental policy are explained, inter alia, by shortcomings in knowledge, a lack of administrative capacities and weak enforcement practices. However, this article presents evidence that the scope conditions have improved, based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with actors involved in the implementation process. Four main factors are considered. First, the Commissionâ€™s monitoring capacities benefit from an improved access to data sources other than those provided by the member states, and from a reduced legislative agenda, allowing for a more intense focus on implementation. Second, subnational actors have improved their implementation capacity through knowledge transfers and strategic planning, facilitated by improved statistical data. Third, inspection networks benefitted from technical advances, such as the access to satellite images, presenting new opportunities for the detection of environmental crimes, and new software programs facilitating risk-based inspections. Finally, citizensâ€™ and non-governmental organizationsâ€™ improved access to justice in environmental matters contributes to a stricter enforcement of EU law.

 

Keywords: networks; European Union; software programs
Driving cycle and temperature effects on the energy performance of a solar-powered electric vehicle in Istanbul
Authors: Gurer Erim , Taylan Onur , Yuksel Tugce
Published: January 2019

The global warming and climate change problem can be solved by emitting less greenhouse gases by transportation. Switching from fossil fuel burning cars to electric vehicle cars is one of the most promising solutions, however; they are as clean as their energy source. In this study, a generic model to estimate energy generation from PV-covered parking lot system and energy demand from electrical cars is established, and Istanbul is selected for a case study. Two main effects are investigated in the demand side: i) ambient temperature and; ii) driving style. In this study, it is considered that a 150 m2 parking lot for 10 cars is covered with 90 PV modules, size of 22.5 kW, to charge EVs in Istanbul, Turkey. The results show that the total annual energy consumption can be covered by a grid-connected PV system. Additionally, an off-grid PV system can cover about 198 and 268 days of energy demand in a year for the urban and highway driving conditions, respectively. Overall, ambient and driving conditions can affect the energy demand by 40%â€“60%.

 

Keywords: Driving cycles, electric vehicle, solar charging, temperature effect.
Investigation of modal analysis of new materials for wind turbine blade
Authors: ElAlaoui Rabie , Mounir Hamid , Elmostapha Boudi , Elmarjani Abdellatif
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is the search for new material for the manufacture of wind turbine blades in order to improve its performance and to reduce its cost. A composite material based on hemp natural fibres is studied. A numerical simulation using the finite element method is developed and a comparison of the performances of the new material with the usual composite of carbon fibres and glass is performed. The simulation allows us to calculate the proper values and the Eigenmodes of a wind turbine blade in the rotation. The results showed that the epoxy matrix allows to reduce the weight of composite hemp/epoxy relative to other matrix. It is almost 4.6% lighter than hemp/phenolic and 1.9% that hemp/polyester, so the blades hemp/epoxy has several advantages over the blades hemp/phenolic or over the blades hemp/polyester: this new material is characterised by lower weight and lower cost and has better mechanical features.

 

Keywords: Eigenmode, proper values, new material, blade, rotation.
Evaluación comparativa de productos consolidantes sobre fragmentos arqueológicos de cornisa romana y yeserías de tradición islámica.
Authors: Calero-Castillo Ana Isabel
Published: January 2019

Los revestimientos arquitectónicos de origen arqueológico presentan una problemática de conservación y restauración bastante compleja, sobre todo en lo que a términos de consolidación se refiere. Con este trabajo se ofrecen distintos ensayos de consolidación que se han realizado en fragmentos de cornisas de cronología romana procedentes del Conjunto Arqueológico de Castulo en Linares (Jaén) y en yeserías medievales del Alcázar de Guadalajara. Esta investigación ha permitido efectuar un análisis comparativo entre los tratamientos ensayados (resina acrílica, silicato de etilo, butiral de polivinilo y carbonatogénesis bacteriana) mediante el estudio de micromuestras utilizando técnicas analíticas para el estudio del patrimonio. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido extraer conclusiones acerca de los aspectos positivos y negativos de los diversos tratamientos y de su viabilidad para la conservación de este tipo de decoraciones arquitectónicas, que conforman una parte muy importante del patrimonio arqueológico.
La domus de la calle Avinyó de Barcelona: un ejemplo de la arquitectura doméstica de las elites barcinonenses en los siglos I-II
Authors: Beltran de heredia Julia
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se analiza los restos arqueológicos conservados de la domus de Avinyó de la ciudad romana de Barcino. Esta casa se ubica en el cuadrante sureste de la ciudad, limitando con el interuallum. Como en la mayoría de las excavaciones urbanas, solo se ha accedido a una pequeña parte de la vivienda, concretamente a tres estancias fragmentadas y circundantes de la estructura doméstica. Aun así, el estudio y análisis arquitectónico de las estancias, como su decoración parietal y musivaria, ha permitido identificar la zona de la casa excavada como un espacio de representación de la domus. Entre los vestigios, se han exhumado una gran cantidad de conjuntos pictóricos de gran calidad y recuperado diferentes pavimentos. Las tres estancias preservadas, a pesar de no conocer el resto de la planta de la casa, han sido suficientes para identificar la posible unidad doméstica como una domus acomodada de la Barcino altimperial. Una domus que aporta un poco más de información sobre los habitantes de la ciudad, y se une a las otras viviendas lujosas que se descubren reiteradamente en la antigua ciudad romana.
Análisis palinológico de la Villa de Noheda (Cuenca). Evolución del paisaje vegetal e interacción antrópica en la Submeseta Sur desde época romana.
Authors: Valero Tévar Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos a partir del estudio polínico realizado en los estratos de la villa romana de Noheda (Cuenca). La arqueopalinología permite analizar la reconstrucción y evolución del paisaje vegetal en el yacimiento y recomponer las bases económicas del complejo rural en cada una de las distintas fases de ocupación, así como tras su abandono. La presente aportación viene a contribuir al conocimiento de la dinámica vegetal y antrópica en un área, en interior de la Península Ibérica y en unas cronologías en las que resultan escasos los estudios de paleoambientales.
Océano en los mosaicos romanos. A propósito de un pavimento de Colonia Patricia[1].
Authors: Neira Jiménez Luz
Published: January 2019

Sin duda el carácter apotropaico de la representación de Océano influyó decisivamente en el protagonismo de su imagen en los mosaicos romanos, variando no obstante su papel en el campo musivo, como figura principal o secundaria, su propia representación, el tipo de escena y, en estrecha relación con estos aspectos, los miembros restantes de la composición.En virtud de estas características, se ha podido establecer la conexión entre mosaicos de diferentes áreas y, a este respecto, las influencias itálicas, orientales o norteafricanas en las representaciones documentadas en los mosaicos hispanos. En esta línea, es preciso destacar las peculiaridades que presenta un pavimento de Colonia Patricia, en concreto su composición y los miembros de su thiasos, no solo de carácter marino, de estudio inédito.ABSTRACTUndoubtedly the apotropaic character of the Ocean’s representation decisively influenced the prominence of its image in the Roman mosaics, varying however its role in the field mosaic, as main or secondary figure, its own representation, the type of scene and, in close relationship with these aspects, the remaining members of the composition.By virtue of these characteristics, it has been possible to establish the connection between mosaics of different areas and, in this respect, the italic, oriental or North African influences in the representations documented in the Hispanic mosaics. In this line, it is necessary to highlight the singularities that a pavement of Colonia Patricia presents, in particular, the composition and the members of his thiasos, not only of marine carácter, of unpublished study. Keywords: Ocean, roman mosaics, thiasos Colonia Patricia.[1] Este trabajo se inscribe en el Proyecto de Investigación de I+D+i “Patrimonio Arqueológico, Nuevas Tecnologías, Turismo, Educación y Rentabilización Social: un nexo necesario para el yacimiento rural (PATTERN)” de la convocatoria Retos de la Sociedad 2015 - HAR2015-68059-C2-2-R, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, FEDER, UE) y del que soy IP en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Reseña de: VAQUERIZO GIL, D. (2018): Cuando (no siempre) hablan las piedras. Hacia una arqueología integral en España como recurso de futuro. Reflexiones desde Andalucía. Madrid: JAS Arqueología.
Authors: Cano Sanchiz Juan Manuel
Published: January 2019

no procede
Jefaturas o Estados. Sociedades de transición en la cuenca media del Guadiana
Authors: Paniego Díaz Pablo
Published: January 2019

Durante la Edad del Hierro muchas de las sociedades se encuentran en un momento difícil de clasificar atendiendo a su estructura política, ya que las Jefaturas son cada vez más complejas y se acercan o alcanzan un grado de evolución tal que nos permite considerarlas estatales.En este trabajo se ha puesto el foco en diferentes momentos en los que las poblaciones de la cuenca media del Guadiana pudieron alcanzar el desarrollo mínimo necesario para considerarlas sociedades estatales durante la I y II Edad del Hierro, antes de la conquista romana.
La presencia del ejército romano en las montañas de El Bierzo (León): novedades arqueológicas.
Authors: Vidal Encinas Julio Manuel , Costa García José Manuel , González Álvarez David , Menéndez Blanco Andrés
Published: January 2019

ResumenEn las últimas dos décadas, la Arqueología militar romana ha experimentado un notable avance en la península ibérica. El uso sistemático de nuevas técnicas de teledetección constituye el último estadio de un proceso de renovación metodológica que ha permitido documentar un numeroso conjunto de yacimientos arqueológicos inéditos, o bien relacionar otros ya conocidos con el ejército romano. A su vez, esta información inédita ha subrayado la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas narrativas arqueológicas sobre los procesos de conquista y ocupación del Noroeste peninsular en tiempos antiguos. Este trabajo analiza tres nuevos yacimientos de reciente descubrimiento que pueden ayudarnos a entender estos procesos en El Bierzo, una comarca estratégica en las comunicaciones entre el Noroeste ibérico y la cuenca del Duero.AbstractRoman military archaeology has experienced a remarkable advance in the Iberian Peninsula during the last decades. The systematic use of remote sensing techniques is the latest stage in a process of methodological renovation that has helped to identify a significant number of new archaeological sites, or to link other already known sites with the Roman army. In addition, these new data have highlighted the need to develop renovated archaeological narratives on the conquest and occupation processes of NW Iberia in the Antiquity. In this paper, we analyse three recently discovered sites, which will help us to understand these phenomena in El Bierzo, a strategic region connecting NW Iberia and the Duero valley.
Tres nuevas defixiones romanas en su contexto arqueológico. La necrópolis de Llanos del Pretorio (Córdoba)
Authors: García-Dils de la Vega Sergio , Rubio Valverde Manuel
Published: January 2019

Se presentan tres nuevas defixionesromanas halladas, en su contexto arqueológico, en la necrópolis de Llanos del Pretorio, un nuevo sector de la Necrópolis Septentrional de colonia Patricia Cordubaexcavado a finales del año 2016. En este ámbito, con una cronología de uso centrada en época julio-claudia, han sidos documentados, total o parcialmente, hasta quince recintos funerarios. En las líneas que siguen se estudiarán dos de ellos, en cuyo interior se localizaron las tres tabellae.In this paper are presented three new Roman defixiones, found in their archaeological context inside the necropolis of Llanos del Pretorio, a new sector of the Northern Necropolis of colonia Patricia Cordubaexcavated at the end of the year 2016. In this area, with a chronology of use centered in the Julio-Claudian period, have been documented, totally or partially, up to fifteen funerary enclosures. In the following lines, will be studied two of them, within which the three tabellaewere located.
Reseña de: MARTÍN-CANCELA, E.: Tras las huellas del San Telmo. contexto, historia y arqueología en la Antártida.
Authors: Ruiz Bueno Manuel Dionisio
Published: January 2019

TRAS LAS HUELLAS DEL SAN TELMO. CONTEXTO, HISTORIA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA EN LA ANTÁRTIDA.ZARAGOZA: PRENSAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA. MONOGRAFÍAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS, Nº 54, 2018, 392 PP. ISBN: 978-84-17358-23-25AUTOR: ELENA MARTÍN-CANCELARECENSIÓN: MANUEL D. RUIZ BUENOGRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SÍSIFO. ÁREA DE ARQUEOLOGÍA. UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA.
Own Revenues as Sword of Damocles for Non-Profit Cultural Institutions with the Case Study of National Museum of Valjevo
Authors: Krivošejev Vladimir
Published: January 2019

Practice over decades required that work of non-profit cultural institutions has to be almost absolutely financed by the founders, mainly state authorities. Since the end of the last century, due to general social changes, faced with an increase in budget expenditures, the founders have difficulty maintaining the usual level of budgetary allocation for culture and often they recourse it, and they expect from management of institutions these funds to be provided. This has led to dismay of a new, uknown way of doing business, and to the negative practice that those institutions that have succeeded in earning additional assets are "avanged" by the reduction of their grants, which leads to an additional fear that in the next year, there will be no possibility that previous successes can be repeated. The justification of such fears is also indicated by the case study of the National Museum of Valjevo, which illustrates the situation in which the museum managed to increase the number of visitors, and thus the flow of its own revenues. That is the reason why this museum, as a successful institution, was first "avanged" by the city of Valjevo as the founder, through a considerable increase of obligations, but without additional grants for their realization. When this cultural institution managed to develop new socially useful program activities on the basis of additional own revenues, it faced a series of major and minor crises caused by external factors, which are difficult to predict, control, and annul.
Crime and Deviant Behaviour Expositions in Proverbial Analysis of Yoruba Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Dada Ojo Matthias Olufemi , Olutunde Abisoye Amos , Abiodun Aina Oluwasola , Debrah Akazue Gloria , Olurotimi Ayodele Abel
Published: January 2019

The daily usage of proverbs in Yoruba society is gradually going into extinction especially among the younger generation. This paper, therefore, examines the uses of proverbs to discuss some selected criminal and deviant behaviours within Yoruba traditional knowledge. Twenty – four proverbs were selected using purposive sampling method under non – probability sampling technique. This involved eight proverbs on theft / stealing; nine proverbs on laziness; four proverbs on non – hygienic and five proverbs on adultery. The proverbs were presented in indigenous Yoruba language but were also translated into English language for proper understanding of the non – Yoruba readers. The proverbs were explained and the lessons they thought were elucidated for the proper understanding and possible use of the readers.

The paper recommended encouragement of daily usage of Yoruba indigenous proverbs in every – day communications; especially among young adults in Yoruba society, to prevent extinction of proverbs. It also recommended the proper and constant usage of proverbs on media and other public places. Finally, proper documentations of indigenous proverbs through educational channels were also recommended.
Catullus’ Carmen 51 and Sappho’s Fragment 31: Dialogue or Disputation
Authors: Radenković Jovana , Maričić Gordan
Published: January 2019

The paper examines the well-known, yet never fully interpreted relationship between Catullus’ Carmen 51 and Sappho’s Fragment 31 with the goal of highlighting once again coincidences and differences of the two texts, as well as their interdependence and connection. Using the comparative analysis of the text, the paper will examine those aspects of intertextuality that have broken their functionality and importance into a multitude of hidden sub-layers, thus depriving them of restraints of strict and exclusive interpretations. The intention is to discover a new textual space where Catullus and Sappho will meet once again and commence a dialogue. Likewise, we are searching for a textual space where the poet and the poetess would resolve and finish the dialogue that started long ago.
„The Death of Jazz“: The End of a History of an Improvised Music?
Authors: Samardžić Nikola
Published: January 2019

Nothing is easy in thinking over offering a scientific explanation of how and why the jazz leaders were lacking in innovation and losing the audience since the end of the sixties. Already known arguments are in the assumptions that the rock invasion flooded the market that previously belonged to jazz, and that jazz was losing commercial attractiveness as the rock production far exceeded the jazz releases. However, the new jazz audience, emerged at the end of the sixties, ignored the criticisms aimed to discourage fusion and similar experiments by dismissing every flirt with popular music. Perhaps the answers should be sought in the production formatting changes, or digitalization as the easy access to contents might have discouraged both artists and the public. Perhaps the world music invasion delegitimized every elitist movement, as the death of jazz also preceded the death of rock. During the last several years, jazz is the least listened-to music in the U.S. after children's music, and jazz was the only genre to have its digital album sales fall between 2011 and 2012. Finally, while feeding competition and talent development, exposure to open market economy, has destroyed many careers and lives. However, it could be helpful to examine the influence of state protectionism and academism on decline of inspiration and the power of individual expression.
Nikola Borota’s Kameni cvijet (Stone Flower) and Inscriptions on Stećak Tombstones: Semantic and Poetic Level
Authors: Jovanović Jelena
Published: January 2019

Themes of art in stone and the symbolism of the stone itself are actualized in the sphere of poetry, fine arts and art music in the SFR Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century, on the one hand probably under the influence of increased interest in these topics in the USSR, just before and after the World War Two, and, on the other hand, as a result of scientific and artistic fascination with medieval tombstones, stećci (predominantly from the territory of Herzegovina and Bosnia). General themes of stone, with the symbolic of eternal life and virtue, the resistance of transience and oblivion, the overcoming of death, left also a trace in the pieces of popular music of that era (the early Yugoslav representatives of the world music genre).

The ballade "Stone Flower", by the Sarajevo composer and producer Nikola Borota, is based on the South Slavic folk music templates, and on the arrangement and production principles of the British art rock band Procol Harum. This composition in its structural components: musical metric, melody, versification of lines, rhythms, text treatment, accent schedules, musical form and way of interpretation, contains certain particularities that justify the connection of this musical structure and its poetics with semantics and poetics of textual inscriptions on stećci. The analysis of the musical-structural components of the composition justifies the listening impression and experience, related to the experience when observing and reading the inscriptions on these stone monuments.
The Influence of Music on Interethnic Relations of Sarajevo and Mostar’s Inhabitants
Authors: Dražeta Bogdan , Guja Zorana
Published: January 2019

Music and musical forms represent unfailing part of every human society and culture. Music can bond people and their communities, as it can be "in the service" of creating and transforming identities, e.g. ethnic, regional and local. Ethnological and anthropological view on music treats this phenomenon as the cultural product, which has certain meanings and influence on society and culture, i.e. their members in general. Every person from a cultural group has its own reflections on music, by recognizing abovementioned meanings, which can be same or different than those of other group members. This is why identity building process with use of music is very interesting for examination. During our fieldwork in Sarajevo and Mostar at the end of 2017, we noticed attitudes and reflections on partial and situational overcoming of ethno-political divisions through music. Bosnian and Herzegovinian political system is based on the ethnic principle, legally supported by Dayton Peace Agreement, a document which stopped the civil war 1992-1995. Yet the context of common musical tradition of all ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina is giving the framework on examining the relation between music and identity in this area, where identity question is a very important process looking historically. In this paper, we will present basic narratives on how music and musical forms impacts on interethnic relations and local, urban identity building process. These narratives were formed on the basis of media reports and conversations with inhabitants from aforementioned urban areas and their wider surroundings. It can be said at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, music shows different direction in contrast to actual public and media discourse. We believe that this contribution can give instance on thinking about how music in a certain society (re)shapes people’s values, attitudes and behavior of people. Moreover, collaboration between ethnology and anthropology on the one hand, as well as ethnomusicology on the other hand, may bring some interesting results and exchange of experience for further research.
Artefacts in Cultural Transmission: Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

In this study, the existing body of knowledge related to the mechanisms of cultural evolution is analyzed in view of the role of artefacts in cultural transmission. It is focused primarily on the vertical transmission without inter-personal contact. Particular attention is given to the comparison between unit of culture and artefacts as its material expression, as well as to the studies of analogy between replication in genetic transmission and cultural transmission. It is found that retrieving cultural information from an artefact in absence of original transmitter still shows the principal characteristics of cultural transmission. This type of cultural transmission is of lower fidelity than synchronic transmission with inter-personal contact, since it relies on an artefact as a transmission medium, but can provide for cultural persistence and lay ground for adaptive modifications over time.
Serbian Church Chant as Intangible Cultural Heritage – Preliminary View from Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Marjanović Nataša , Brujić Marija
Published: January 2019

Serbian church chant represents traditional liturgical chant of Serbian Orthodox Church. It has its foundations in Greek medieval musical tradition and Serbian folk singing. Most probably it is established during the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century. In this period, it was cultivated especially in the monasteries of Fruška Gora and theological and secular schools in the Metropolitanate of Karlovci. In the forthcoming decades, it was transmitted exclusively orally. Melographic scripts and sound recordings of this chant tradition, the ones from the 19th century, the ones from the beginning of the 20th century and the new ones, represent a testimony of living musical tradition within the Serbian Orthodox Church. This chant is preserved till today in its recognizable variants. We accept general definitions of intangible cultural heritage as living, dynamic and vital heritage and as a form of national property which can be found in oral tradition, language, songs and traditional music. In this regard, in this paper, we will demonstrate the significance of Serbian church music as a form of intangible cultural heritage. Thus, we found an important stronghold in several facts concerning church and folk music. The examples from the whole world ascertain the significant status of religious music on UNESCO’s (Representative) List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Furthermore, on Serbian National Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage are present various examples of traditional secular musical practice. By stressing the significance of Serbian church chant as a segment of Serbian cultural and spiritual identity, we will emphasize not only “ethnic”, but likewise global character of this church music tradition.
Turbotronic: Case Study of Lenhart Tapes and Mirjana Raić
Authors: Rašić Miloš
Published: January 2019

Turbotronic has been a trend in the Serbian popular music since 2010, when Lenhart had his first performance at Improstor in Novi Sad. Continuing with his work, an entire circle of audience has been created around Lenhart, as well as other artists who deal with a certain kind of improvisation of music. This direction gets the name Turbotronic, somehow unplanned, according to the same name reportage of the Vice Portal. Nowadays Turbotronic includes several different groups dealing with the mixing of various music genres - from rap, through pop, to turbo-folk. However, Lenhart Tapes is a founder and a key figure in turbotronic. Lenhart is a musician who deals with the mixing of various audio content from an audio cassette tape. Since 2014, Lenhart has begun cooperating with Mirjana Raić, who joins him primarily by singing traditional music in his compositions. So far, Lenhart and Mirjana recorded around ten songs and had several joint appearances.

In this paper I have several goals. Primarily, I will present the development and key features of Turbotronic as an alternative music genre. Then, my further analysis will be directed to mentioned individuals - Vladimir Lenhart (Lenhart Tapes) and Mirjana Raić. Through the concepts of musical biography, musical legacy, improvisation and construction of socio-cultural otherness with music, which I will consider primarily thoroughly, my key goal is to decode the message that these artists send to the wider audience through their music. The paper is based on the data derived from interviews I conducted with Lenhart and Mirjana on several occasions, but also on personal observation and participation in their rehearsals and concerts.
The New Life of Tavern: Dissolution of a “Great Third Place”
Authors: Milanović Nevena
Published: January 2019

In this paper, through a critical review of the theoretical postulates on the so-called "Shiny third place", I will try to point to the correlation and interdependence of spatial behavior, music, identity and alcohol consumption. I regard these terms as social categories that have emerged, formed in the constant process of transformation, and as such, the subject of anthropological analysis. Starting from the hypothesis that spatial behaviors are a form of identity expression within the framework of social imaginarium, and that identities are multilayered, fragmentary and subject to manipulation, one might ask how today to define a "tavern culture" (culture of a kafana) that once seemed so clear and homogeneous. Through the method of participant observation and the method of in-depth interviews in my work, I will try to answer the following research questions: how to define contemporary tavern culture? Is music the basis for the formation of a tavern culture, and alcohol consumption is a necessary follower and what are its social implications? Through the syntagma Identity Forum, a new theoretical framework will be offered for the consideration of (post)modern taverns and the dissolution of its (established) identity.
Trance, Music and Dance – Old Topics and New Interdisciplinary Dialogues
Authors: Njaradi Dunja
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the issue of trance in anthropology, ethnomusicology and dance studies through the problem of the role of music and dance in achieving a trance state. The paper focuses on two important studies of trance. The first among them is the study Music and Trance by French ethnomusicologist Gilbert Rouget. In this study, Rouget examines the connection between trance and certain music and dance practices by discussing the key question: do certain musical instruments necessarily lead to trance? The second study represents the recent work of an ethnomusicologist Judith Becker, called Deep Listeners: Music, Emotion and Trancing, in which Becker explores the synergy between music, emotion, and trance in an intercultural context. Although these two studies have a lot in common with each other, the key difference would be Becker's reliance on recent research in psychology and neuroscience, that led to new research approaches to music and dance. Therefore, although Becker relies on Rouget's pioneering study, almost twenty years of the difference between these studies has led to recent dialogues between anthropological and culturalist approaches on the one hand and psychological and biological research on the other. The paper will present contemporary outcomes of these debates in anthropology through recent approaches to ritual, in dance studies through the question of kinesthesia, in ethnomusicology through the affect theory, and interdisciplinary interactions between them as well.
Between Music and Violence: Mosh Pit as a Ritualized Performance of Identity and Ideologies
Authors: Trbojević Danilo
Published: January 2019

Alternative music scene in Belgrade is created and developed almost parallel with that in the West. Members of musical subcultures have adopted norms, values and patterns of behavior based on the Western model, to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the domestic "underground" scene is a reflection of a constant process of glocalization rather than a complete global and local uniformity. Although the "scenes" were separated to some extent in the beginning, changes in the social, cultural and political context led to the occasional permeations of various subcultural groups. The mentioned permeations also reflected on the concept of the ultimate spectacle, the performance of subcultural socialization and communication – the concert. A specific aspect of individual and collective participation in the performance of contemporary rock concerts is "šutka" (Mosh pit). The aim of the research is to point out the multi-layeredness and complexity of parallel performances that take place on stage, in the audience, and in the interspace, in a way specific to metal and punk "underground concerts". In the article, I am trying to investigate at what level and to what extent mentioned subcultures are countercultures indeed, ie. in what ways in concerts, through "šutka", they question patterns, values, power relations, hierarchies, and the hegemonies of a wider society, and to what extent they are only reflections of the dominant culture in small.
The Post-Graduate Academic English Language Skills and the Language Skills Measured by the Iranian PhD Entrance Exam: A Test Reform and Curriculum Change
Authors: KHEİRZADEH Shiela , MARANDİ S. Susan , TAVAKOLİ Mansoor
Published: January 2019

To investigate the congruence between the
requisite post-graduate academic language skills and the language skills
measured by the General English section of the Iranian National PhD Entrance
exam, field-specialist informants, language-specialist informants and
post-graduate students were questioned. The informants’ data were collected
through interviews and the students’ data were obtained through a language
skills’ questionnaire. The informants and students’ data were analyzed through
content analysis and frequency analysis, respectively. The informants
acknowledged that all four language skills were crucial for academic success.
Considering congruity, both groups of informants asserted that there was little
congruity between the language skills measured by the exam and those of the
academic context. Post-graduate students believed that the reading section of
the exam did not match their academic needs; they also believed that a writing
section should be added and that a listening section need not be included in
the exam. The findings have some implications for a change in the curriculum
preceding the exam.
Status of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Athletes Before and After Moderate Exercise
Authors: Dahiya Kiran , Kumar Rajesh , Dhankhar Rakesh , Verma Monica , Kumari Asha , Roy Prasanta Saha , Dalal Deepika , Singh Ghalaut Veena , Chugh Kiran
Published: January 2019

Background:

Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) is considered as an early marker of ischemia. Its levels may be altered in any clinical condition where an ischemic event is involved. Skeletal muscle ischemia is associated with severe exercise but may also occur in moderate form of exercise.

Objective:

The levels of IMA were estimated before and after thirty minutes of moderate exercise in students undergoing athletic training.

Methods:

The present study was conducted on 120 young adult students undergoing athletic training program in the physical education department. All the subjects were healthy with normal body mass index and blood pressure. Their serum samples were collected before and after running for half an hour on the racing track and were analyzed for IMA colorimetrically and the data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.

Results:

The levels of IMA were found to be statistically significantly higher after exercise as compared to those before exercise (p = 0.005). The ratio of IMA to albumin (IMAR) was also found to be significantly higher after exercise as compared to that before exercise (p=0.000).

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that the skeletal muscle ischemia induced by moderate aerobic exercise is associated with an increased conversion of albumin to IMA.
A NATUREZA DESIGUALITÁRIAS DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES COLETIVAS E A ILUSÃO DA COLETIVIDADE DURKHEIMIANA
Authors: Leopoldi José Sávio
Published: January 2019

Nosso intuito é (re)discutir os conceitos de coletividade e de representações coletivas, que constituem importantes contribuições de Durkheim ao estabelecimento da sociologia como ciência. Se a construção daqueles elementos segundo o paradigma durkheimiano, mostra, por um lado, a importância da participação da coletividade naquela construção, por outro, acaba resultando na depreciação do papel do indivíduo, o que leva a uma distorção da “natureza” mesma da coletividade e das representações. Isso acontece porque os diferentes sujeitos acabam homogeneizados na elaboração daquelas instâncias, apesar de – na realidade – atuarem como participantes individualizados e necessariamente desigualitários nesse processo. Afinal, na dinâmica social, cada sujeito coloca em jogo suas representações individuais, seus desejos e seus interesses, de cujo confronto resulta que alguns contribuem de maneira mais decisiva para as construções coletivas. Dessa maneira, suas - com as modificações recebidas pela influência de outras representações individuais - se tornam as representações coletivas do contexto social considerado. Daí poder-se dizer que tanto a coletividade como as representações coletivas não atuam da mesma maneira e com a mesma força sobre todos os indivíduos: os mais “fortes” têm mais influência na construção do social e mais poder na vida em sociedade.
LUGARES EM MOVIMENTO: CORPOREIDADE E LUGAR NOS TRENS URBANOS DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Brum Jean Lucas da Silva
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descortinar a experiência de deslocamento diário dos passageiros nos trens urbanos do Rio de Janeiro, buscando explorar as relações entre corporeidade e lugar, com base na corrente humanista em geografia. Para tanto, nos utilizamos de relatos dos passageiros obtidos através de entrevistas informais e de observações diretas realizadas no contexto cotidiano dos trens. Tais questões apontam para o reconhecimento dos elos simbólicos e afetivos presentes no espaço dos trens cariocas.