bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Forensic Medical Expert’s Involvement in Primary Crime Scene Investigation in Nairobi
Authors: Masese Charles O. , Suleiman Mbaruk. A , Marera Domnic , Masese Duke
Published: March 2023

It is of great importance to include Forensic Medical Experts (FMEs) in Primary Crime Scene (PCS) investigation team especially in murder, rape and defilement in investigation framework. The criminal justice system in Kenya has not been effective due to the shortage of FMEs as well as the poor specialization among forensic experts and police officers in implementing Medico-legal services within the country. This research sought to assess the need to involve FMEs in PCS investigation in Starehe sub-county, which comprises of five stations, for the purpose of improving the quality of criminal investigation in the country. A systematic random sampling technique of case files brought back from court was used. The sample size was calculated by dividing the entire case files by interval. There were one hundred and thirty-five (135) case files numbered from one to one hundred and thirty-five (135), then picked at an interval of two from a random number. Sixty-seven (67) case files were sampled, studied and analyzed. Three hypotheses were developed to be tested. The main objective was to assess forensic medical expert’s involvement in PCS investigation in starehe police division, Nairobi County, Kenya. Data analysis was done using SPSS and presented with tables, and narrative. From the tested hypothesis we were able to discover that the FMEs in Kenya are not well trained and professional in the use of SOPs for collecting forensic evidence at PCS H1 (p=0.754); the Kenyan criminal justice system framework does not involve FMEs at all primary stages of investigations H2 (p=0.878); Cases in Kenyan courts are not very successful without the use of FMEs H3 (p=0.247). Involvement of the FMEs in primary crime scenes investigation ensures that there is adequate and sufficient evidence to prosecute criminals convicted of such criminal acts. Cases without forensic evidence component failed to secure a conviction indicating that their absence impacts the quality of evidence submitted to present a sound case to prosecute offenders. FMEs should respond alongside police crime scene investigators and be linked to crime scenes at all stages of investigation to collect forensic evidence to identify suspects responsible for committing criminal activities at the PCS. Forensic evidence should be presented by a qualified professional who complies with standards that enhance efficiency and fairness. The forensic medical evidence at the primary crime scene is best armed with skills, knowledge and tools that are required to aid the investigators to make maximum use of scanty resources available with regard to collection and analysis of biological and chemical evidence. There should be clearer guidelines on the steps to follow in regard to evidence collection. The results of this study will be used by policy makers and health care providers to improve forensic evidence gathering for better and successful prosecution.
Future and Challenges of LGBT in Eastern Europe: The Rise of Populism and Political Movement Analysis in Poland
Authors: Azis Aswin A. , Azarine Alifia N.
Published: March 2023

Poland becomes one of the states located in East Europe that is recognized as one of the Soviet Union's “former” alliances. Following the dissolution of the USSR, Poland began to show its openness to become part of the European Union as a supranational organization that regulates various policies at the national level for its members. However, regulations regarding guarantees for upholding human rights for every individual, including the LGBT community group have resulted in a separate shift for Poland as a country that still adheres to the religious values it adheres to. This is caused by the presence of conservative groups in society who refer to the ideology of populism as a rationale that is starting to strengthen in the country. Populism, which is represented through the presence of the political elite of the PiS party as the holder of parliamentary power, makes the response of the government of this country tend to be intolerant and antipathy towards upholding the rights of LGBT people. Therefore, in recent years, the act of upholding rights and the rejection of discrimination against LGBT people has become one of the social issues that are increasingly facing challenges and testing Poland's level of inclusivity in the future.
Anterior lumbar spine exposure with vascular surgeon assistance
Authors: Pizzamiglio Matteo , González García Alejandro , Aparicio Martínez César , Torres Lebruno Patricia Lorena , Díaz Cruz Jennifer , Mengis Charles Louis , Gallego Bustos Jesús Manuel , Tomé-Bermejo Félix , Álvarez Galovich Luis
Published: March 2023

Objective:Evaluate access related complications contributing to adverse outcomes in patients undergoing retroperitoneal anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF).
MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing ALIF in a multidisciplinary setting at our institution from January 2007 to December 2021. Patients’ demographics, comorbidities, exposure related and postoperative complications within 30 days were included. Main outcome measures included vascular and visceral injuries requiring repair, nerve injuries, blood transfusion requirements, myocardial infarction, stroke, erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation, length of stay and death.
ResultsSeventy-four consecutive patients were included. Forty-seven were female and 27 male. The median body mass index was of 25.46 ± 4.76. Mean age was of 45.74 years. Twelve had a history of previous abdominal surgery and 31 a previous spinal surgery. The level operated on was L5/S1 in 58 patients (78.37%), L4/L5 in 2 patients (2.7%) and multi-level in 14 patients (18.91%). Sixteen patients had both anterior and posterior approach. There were no major intra-operative vascular injuries. Two patients had an intestine serosal tear. Seven patients had sexual dysfunction after surgery, of which 5 suffered impotence and 4 retrograde ejaculation. Two patients had both. There were no cases of disc space infections. There were no postoperative deaths.
ConclusionsIn a multidisciplinary setting, ALIF can be performed safely with a reasonably low overall complication rate. Impotence and retrograde ejaculation are, even if generally temporary, important issues that have to be informed to the patient and inquired at follow up.
Awareness of the Importance of Children's Education in the Small Island Fisherman Community (Case Study of Liukang Loe Island)
Authors: Nismawati Nismawati , Oruh Shermina , Kamaruddin Syamsu A. , Agustang Andi , Wirda Mona Adria
Published: March 2023

Residents of small island villages are typically classified as low-educated. This study used Liukang Loe Island as a case study to learn the truth about children's education in small island settlements. This study aims to determine how the fishing community understands the importance of education and how to increase public awareness about children's education on Liukang Loe Island. This study, which uses a descriptive qualitative technique with research informants, focuses on the "Harapan" fishing group community on Liukang Loe Island. Information was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. The type of analysis that was carried out by qualitative through taxonomic analysis, drawing conclusions using the Miles and Hubberman model, as well as directions to increase public awareness about the importance of education through AHP. The findings demonstrated that the Liukang Loe Island fishing community prioritized children's education, as seen by the community's, particularly families', efforts to ensure that children's education was completed. This is reinforced by the family's commitment to earning a living and covering all the children's educational demands. The fishing communities support their children's ability to advance to the highest level possible. Although there are only elementary and junior high schools on Liukang Loe Island, with limited facilities and infrastructure, children's enthusiasm and motivation to attend school are high. This does not deter the fishermen's children from continuing their high school and graduate education outside the island to obtain a better education. There are two options for raising awareness about education in fishing communities: community training and empowerment programs through NGOs, local governments, and educational institutions; and educational assistance programs in the form of notable scholarships for fishing communities in small islands.Keywords: Community Awareness, Fisherman, Education, Small IslandÂ
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature in Tainan City by using Landsat 5 & Landsat 8
Authors: Rahmad Riki , Gong Zhiyu , Yang Zhaohui , Guoâ€¬â€¬ Meijun
Published: March 2023

Taiwan is a subtropic-tropic island with densely populated in the coastal plains surrounding its mountains. In recent years, due to global warming and the urban heat island effect, the surface temperature has continued to rise, and the seasonal temperature changes are also very different. Increased surface temperatures, particularly in cities, are a major environmental issue that intensifies urban heat islands (UHIs). Decadal time-series analysis has historically relied on meteorological data. Due to the limited availability of remote sensing technology, decadal analysis of land surface temperature has been a serious concern. However, according to advanced technologies in remote sensing methods and sophisticated GIS software, Land Surface Temperature (LST) now can be estimated using thermal bands. The objective of this study is to monitor the spatiotemporal changes of the land surface temperature using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. Tainan city, which is a highly developed city in southern Taiwan, is selected as the research area. The changes in the land surface temperature are assessed between the years 2007 and 2021. It simply requires applying a set of equations through a raster image calculator using ArcGIS. The LST of any Landsat satellite image can be retrieved by following steps: 1) Top of Atmospheric Spectral Radiance; 2) Conversion of Radiance to At-Sensor Temperature; 3) Calculating NDVI; 4) Calculating the Proportion of Vegetation; 5) Determination of ground emissivity, and 6) Calculating Land Surface Temperature. Near Infra-red are used to obtain Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results show that the average surface temperature of Tainan City increased slightly by 1.1 0C. The most significant increase in temperature was in the northern region of Tainan City which was the agricultural area that was in the post-harvest period.Keywords: Land Surface Temperature (LST), Landsat 5, Landsat 8, Tainan City, GIS
Editorial
Authors: Sykes Olivier , Chen Chia-Lin
Published: March 2023

The causes and impacts of new and enduring regional inequalities have been much debated in many regions and countries around the globe over the past decade. This has been reflected in public and political discourse with references to and imaginaries of so-called ‘forgotten’ or ‘left behind’ regions and peripheral territories. Discourses and movements of political discontent have sparked off renewed debates on uneven development and the experience of left-behind places, which struggle with persistent social and economic challenges and might appear to be seen as ‘places that don’t matter’ (Rodríguez-Pose, 2018).
'Levelling Up' Post-Industrial City-Regions in England
Authors: Arnold Tom , Hickson James
Published: March 2023

The UK government’s ‘Levelling Up’ agenda represents the latest attempt to address long-standing inter-regional socio-economic disparities in England. This paper assesses how the Levelling Up The UK White Paper, published in early 2022, frames the problem of interregional inequality and the potential of the proposed solutions contained within the paper to address the problem. We argue that the Levelling Up agenda as currently framed is likely to be too spatially vague to achieve meaningful reductions in the level of interregional inequality in England, and suggest that any attempts to improve the economic performance of regions outside of London and the South East should focus on the fortunes of England’s ‘second-tier’ city-regions. Using Liverpool City Region as a case study area, we discuss three key themes included in the white paper and identify some areas where additional policy focus will be required to meet the UK government’s aspirations.
Developing Companionship with the Left-Behinds
Authors: Chang Hsiutzu Betty
Published: March 2023

The subject of regional inequality has been garnering the attention of scholars over the past decade and has generated debates on territories forgotten by mainstream economic activities. Left-behind places are a global phenomenon yet with various situated conditions in different development contexts that required customized, place-based solutions. This paper discusses a possible approach to work with the left-behinds: using the university as an institutional resource to engage people and places in regional regeneration. Using the [anonymised] project as an example, we describe the learning journey of developing the ground solutions and companionship between a research university and left-behind communities in the rural badlands region. Adopting a hybrid of an asset-based approach to community development and collaborative planning for regional development, this case demonstrates a potential level-up strategy for sustainable development for the lagging region.
Forgotten territories in Europe : lessons from Italy, Spain, and Poland.
Authors: Desjardins Xavier , Estèbe Philippe
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the results of a comparative research on place-based policies towards “left-behind territories” in Europe. It shows the variety of trajectories of putting the territorial question on the agenda and of defining the 'forgotten' territories in Italy, Spain and Poland. This variety reveals specific processes linked to short- and long-term debates on the Nation. The tools used to help these territories tend to converge, under the influence of methods coming from the European Union. However, the functions of these territories are still unclear in national planning strategies, particularly because their possible contributions to ecological transition and the economic models of this transition are only imperfectly defined.
Forgotten Italy
Authors: Kercuku Agim
Published: March 2023

The forgotten Italian territories have almost always been understood as compact physical and conceptual spaces. While changing its terms, borders, and issues from time to time, the forgotten regions have been described through a homogeneous image: Mezzogiorno, peripheries and Inner Areas. Such a representation has effects both in conceptualization and efforts taken to recompose the gaps between the forgotten territories and the most active parts. Yet, in recent years, the numerous crises of the 21st century have shattered this compact representation and brought out new geography of forgotten Italy, the Italia di mezzo. The new geography is no longer linked only to the North-South dichotomy and does not concern only the metropolitan suburbs or inland areas. The new geography highlights how to be forgotten now is also a piece on the margins of public policies, underestimated by scientific research but at the center of the twentieth-century urbanization process and the recent crisis.
Mechanical Behavior of Polysaccharide Based Biopolymer Synthesized from the Seed Kernel of Tamarindus Indica L
Authors: Sultana Shahin , Alom Shahnawaz , Eti Shamima Akhter , Rony Farzana Khan
Published: March 2023

Biopolymer carboxymethyl tamarind seed kernel polysaccharide (CMTSP) was synthesized by the reaction of tamarind kernel powder (TKP) of Tamarindus indica L. with monochloroacetic acid by an improved method. The synthesis was conducted in presence of sodium hydroxide at optimized conditions of time, temperature, concentrations of TKP, MA, sodium hydroxide. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was also extracted from TKP by boiling distilled water. The chemical structure of TKP, TSP and CMTSP were analyzed by the ATRFTIR. When TKP, TSP, and CMTSP’s comparative physico-mechanical properties were examined and compared, CMTSP performed better due to increase in viscosity, water solubility and tensile properties.
Phenomenological Model of Cavitation Erosion of Nitrogen ION Implanted Hiped Stellite 6
Authors: Szala Mirosław
Published: March 2023

Stellites are a group of Co-Cr-C-W/Mo-containing alloys showing outstanding behavior under cavitation erosion (CE) operational conditions. The process of ion implantation can improve the CE resistance of metal alloys. This work presents the elaborated original phenomenological model of CE of nitrogen ion implanted HIP-consolidated (Hot Isostatically Pressed) cobalt alloy grade Stellite 6. The ultrasonic vibratory test rig was used for CE testing. The nitrogen ion implantation with 120 keV and fluence of 5 × 1016 N+/cm−2 improves HIPed Stellite 6 cavitation erosion resistance two times. Ion-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 has more than ten times higher CE resistance than the reference AISI 304 stainless steel sample. Comparative analysis of AFM, SEM and XRD results done at different test intervals reveals the kinetic of CE process. The model includes the surface roughness development and clarifies the meaning of cobalt-based matrix phase transformations under the nitrogen ion implantation and cavitation loads. Ion implantation modifies the cavitation erosion mechanisms of HIPed Stellite 6. The CE of unimplanted alloy starts on material loss initiated at the carbides/matrix interfaces. Deterioration starts with cobalt matrix plastic deformation, weakening the carbides restraint in the metallic matrix. Then, the cobalt-based matrix and further hard carbides are removed. Finally, a deformed cobalt matrix undergoes cracking, accelerating material removal and formation of pits and craters’ growth. The nitrogen ion implantation facilitates ɛ (hcp—hexagonal close-packed)) → γ (fcc—face-centered cubic) phase transformation, which further is reversed due to cavitation loads, i.e., CE induces the γ → ɛ martensitic phase transformation of the cobalt-based matrix. This phenomenon successfully limits carbide removal by consuming the cavitation loads for martensitic transformation at the initial stages of erosion. The CE incubation stage for ion implanted HIPed Stellite 6 lasts longer than for unimplanted due to the higher initial content of γ phase. Moreover, this phase slows the erosion rate by restraining carbides in cobalt-based matrix, facilitating strain-induced martensitic transformation and preventing the surface from severe material loss.
Fast Computational Approach to the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm for Training Feedforward Neural Networks
Authors: Bilski Jarosław , Smoląg Jacek , Kowalczyk Bartosz , Grzanek Konrad , Izonin Ivan
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a parallel approach to the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM). The use of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to train neural networks is associated with significant computational complexity, and thus computation time. As a result, when the neural network has a big number of weights, the algorithm becomes practically ineffective. This article presents a new parallel approach to the computations in Levenberg-Marquardt neural network learning algorithm. The proposed solution is based on vector instructions to effectively reduce the high computational time of this algorithm. The new approach was tested on several examples involving the problems of classification and function approximation, and next it was compared with a classical computational method. The article presents in detail the idea of parallel neural network computations and shows the obtained acceleration for different problems.
Using Cognitive Models to Understand and Counteract the Effect of Self-Induced Bias on Recommendation Algorithms
Authors: Pawłowska Justyna , Rydzewska Klara , Wierzbicki Adam
Published: March 2023

Recommendation algorithms trained on a training set containing sub-optimal decisions may increase the likelihood of making more bad decisions in the future. We call this harmful effect self-induced bias, to emphasize that the bias is driven directly by the user’s past choices. In order to better understand the nature of self-induced bias of recommendation algorithms that are used by older adults with cognitive limitations, we have used agent-based simulation. Based on state-of-the-art results in psychology of aging and cognitive science, as well as our own empirical results, we have developed a cognitive model of an e-commerce client that incorporates cognitive decision-making abilities. We have evaluated the magnitude of self-induced bias by comparing results achieved by simulated agents with and without cognitive limitations due to age. We have also proposed new recommendation algorithms designed to counteract self-induced bias. The algorithms take into account user preferences and cognitive abilities relevant to decision making. To evaluate the algorithms, we have introduced 3 benchmarks: a simple product filtering method and two types of widely used recommendation algorithms: Content-Based and Collaborative filtering. Results indicate that the new algorithms outperform benchmarks both in terms of increasing the utility of simulated agents (both old and young), and in reducing self-induced bias.
Configurational Models to Predict Hosting Sporting Events: The Perceptions of Urban Residents
Authors: González-García Rómulo J. , García-Pascual Fernando , Gómez-Tafalla Ana
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the combination of conditions that lead to high levels of residents’ support for the hosting of sports events. In addition, we aim to identify which of these combinations can lead to low levels of support for hosting these events. a validated survey was administered to 342 residents. An asymmetric approach (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) was used to examine these variables and calculate the combination of conditions that lead to these two outcomes. To achieve high levels of residents’ support for the hosting of sports events, a combination of residents’ perceptions of psychosocial, sporting and socio-cultural impacts, and the absence of socio-cultural costs, is the main solution. However, support is low if residents perceive that holding the event has no positive psychosocial impacts, but only socio-cultural costs for the local population. This study provides information on achieving residents’ support for the organization of sports events. Local authorities should focus their efforts on reinforcing local traditional values, thus allowing for increased local pride, as well as creating a festive atmosphere during the celebration of the event. It is also necessary to carry out campaigns to promote sports, avoiding a cultural clash between visitors and residents.
The Central and Eastern European Countries: A Cluster Analysis from a Bioeconomy Perspective
Authors: Bălan Emilia Mary , Cismas Laura Mariana
Published: March 2023

The bioeconomy is an area that encompasses more economic activities and is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Bioeconomy contributes to the economic development of a state by creating new jobs, expanding the business environment and making activities more efficient. In this context, the bioeconomy is an element of economic development that helps the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) to bridge the gap with the other countries in the west of the continent. The article aims to analyze the grouping of CEECs based on indicators specific to the bioeconomy, to highlight similarities or discrepancies between them. Moreover, we conduct this study in order to identify Romania’s position among CEECs in terms of specific bioeconomy indicators. The study is based on the European Commission’s Joint Research Center database for the bioeconomy indexes for these particular regions. We employed a hierarchical cluster method using SPSS software. The sample consisted of the 11 CEEC Member States (MS) of the European Union (EU), and the period under review was between 2008 and 2019. The research indicators included turnover, number of workers, apparent labour productivity, and added value. The results show that Slovakia, Croatia and Romania form individual groups at an iteration level between 0 and 15, indicating significant discrepancies between countries in the region. The novelty of the research derives from the fact that there are no previous analyses that compare Romania’s status with other CEECs from the perspective of bioeconomy. Therefore, the paper can contribute to the implementation by the Romanian authorities of a set of measures necessary to develop the strategy dedicated to the bioeconomy based on good practices from the other CEECs.
Labour Market Challenges: Will There Be “Dystopian” Risks?
Authors: Cismas Laura Mariana , Dumitru Cornelia , Negrut Teodor
Published: March 2023

The current labour market is at a crossroads: on one hand, there are challenges triggered by technological pressures and perks, aiming at a greener, more sustainable and resilient economic growth, and on the other hand, there are the changes and tensions generated by the current institutional frameworks, that show delays in mitigating the apparent “de-socialising” of this market. The pandemic paradox of 2019-2021 has emphasized several vulnerabilities particularly of economic-institutional nature. Traditional theories seem unsatisfactory while unorthodox approaches are faced with hesitancy. The present paper intends to present a brief analysis of labour market’s challenges in the immediate future by proposing a mixed approach combining traditional statistical-data with a less employed institutional framework. The approach is substantiated and constructed by the structural and cognitive features that the new labour market would require. It suggests a possible way for considering the aims of the Green Deal, the vulnerabilities highlighted by the pandemic and by the recent conflict in the immediate proximity of the EU-27. All these developments bring about changes for several socio-economic categories, rendering most of them vulnerable. The split between “essential” and “non-essential” economic activities, platform work and the gig economy hint to increased relevance of the three types of intangible capital: human, social and intellectual. This will require an integrating perspective, if severe economic and social effects are to be avoided in the immediate future. The model we propose aims to show how, by taking account of the human, social and intellectual capital, better policies can be developed as regards labour market efficiency and efficacy.
FORMULASI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix D.C.) SEBAGAI SEDIAAN AROMATERAPI
Authors: Nurcahyo Heru
Published: March 2023

Minyak atsiri jeruk purut sangat bermanfaat selain sebagai rasa pada makanan juga bisa dimanfaatkansebagai sediaan aromaterapi yang sangat bermanfaat sebagai pengembangan produk terapy non farmakologi.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat tiga formula secara eksperimen laboratorium dengan konsentrasi minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix D.C.) yang berbeda yaitu 1%, 2%, 3% yang selanjutnya dilakukan diuji sifat fisika untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang paling baik yang digunakan untuk sediaan aromaterapi. Uji sifat fisika meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji homogenitas, dan kesukaan. Berdasarkan penelitian tentang uji fisika bahwa semua formula menunjukkan hasil yang baik yang selanjutnya dilakukan uji kesukaan dengan responden sejumlah 50 orang untuk mencoba masing-masing formula dan didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa Formula III dengan konsentrasi 3% mendapatkan respon peserta sejumlah 50% .
ANALISA KADAR LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) DALAM TANAMAN LIDAH MERTUA (SANSIVIERA Sp.) DI KOTA TEGAL DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETER SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: March 2023

Pencemaran logam berat terhadap alam lingkungan merupakan suatu proses yang erat kaitannya denganaktivitas manusia. Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam berat yang bersifat toksik yang berasal dari gas hasilpembuangan kendaraan bermotor dan industri. Tanaman yang dapat menyerap Pb di udara maupun di dalam tanah, salah satunya adalah Sansiviera. Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) digunakan untuk penentuan unsurunsur logam dan metaloid yang berdasarkan pada penyerapan absorbs radiasi oleh atom bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam Pb dalam Sansiviera yang terdapat dalam Sansiviera yang ditanam di Kota Tegal dengan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan variabel bebas yaitu; tanaman Sansiviera yang diperoleh di pinggir Jalan Gajah Mada, Jalan Kolonel Sugiyono dan Taman Alun-alun KotaTegal. Variabel tergantung yaitu; untuk mengetahuikeberadaan dan jumlah kadar residu Pb dalam tanaman Sansiviera di Kota Tegal. Hasil uji analisa pada 3 sampelmenunjukan adanya kandungan logam Pb pada masing-masing sampel. Dengan kadar logam Pb tertinggi padasampel Sansiviera yang ditanam di Taman Alun-alun Kota Tegal dengan kadar 3,289 ppm, pada Jalan Gajah Mada dengan kadar 1,666 ppm dan kadar logam Pb terendah ada pada sampel di Jalan Kolonel Sugiyono dengan kadar 1,615 ppm. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kadar logam Pb seluruh sampel masih berada di atas ambang batas normal.
PENINGKATAN MUTU MINYAK GORENG BEKAS DENGAN PROSES ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF UNTUK DIBUAT SABUN PADAT
Authors: Riyanta Aldi Budi
Published: March 2023

Proses pemurnian akan meningkatkan mutu minyak goreng bekas. Penelitian ini, minyak goreng bekasdilakukan proses pemurnian atau penghilangan bumbu (despicing) dengan menggunakan alat kertas saring,netralisasi minyak goreng bekas dengan mereaksikan NaOH dan proses pemucatan (bleaching) denganmenggunakan karbon aktif kemudian digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun padat. Mutu minyakgoreng dilihat dari kejernihan, kandungan bilangan peroksida, bilangan asam dan bau. Uji kandungan peroksida dan bilangan asam menggunakan metode titrasi, kejernihan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis sedangkan uji bau dengan indera pembau. Minyak goreng bekas kemudian dibuat sabun dengan metode semi pemanasan.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan proses adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi 0,1;0,2 dan 0,3dapat meningkatkan kejernihan minyak goreng bekas hingga 74,1;82,1 dan 86,3% transmitansi. Bilangan peroksida hingga 60% dan bilangan asam dapat berkurang hingga 34,38% dan bau yang ditimbulkan mendekati normal minyak goreng baru.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PENILAIAN PETA KONSEP UNTUK MENGEVALUASI PROSES BERPIKIR PADA TOPIK ANIMALIA
Authors: Kusuma Mobinta
Published: March 2023

Pembelajaran biologi syarat makna dengan “belajar konsep” yang dapat diajarkan melalui pembuatan petakonsep.Materi animalia pada pembelajaran biologi di kelas X merupakan materi ajar yang memiliki banyak konsep yang terkait dengan kata kunci klasifikasi dan selama ini, siswa tidak banyak diarahkan untuk memahami konsep, melainkan cenderung menghapalkan materi ajar. Proses berpikir siswa dalam mengkonstruk & memahami konsepmenjadi salah satu urgensi untuk mengetahui pencapaian hasil belajar. Penggunaan peta konsep sebagai alat evaluasi belajar belum banyak dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain dan menguji validitas perangkat penilaian peta konsep untuk mngevaluasi proses berpikir konsep pada materi animalia. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian riset & pengembangan (R&D). Subjek ujicoba adalah 7 guru beserta 32 siswa di SMAN 1 Semarang dan 26 siswa SMAN 3 Semarang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan checklist, angket dan tes. Data dianalisa menggunakan rumus Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Jenis data meliputi data validasi perangkat oleh pakar, data ujicoba sampel dan data hasil test perangkat. Teknik validasi data tes dilakukan dengan membandingkan peta konsep siswa dan master map. Hasil validasi perangkat oleh pakar dinilai valid dengan perolehan skor rata-rata validasi konstruk 3,86 dan skor rata-rata validasi isi 3,89. Hasil validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan kategori tinggi dengan perolehan rerata koefisien uji validitas (r) sebesar 0,99. Sedangkan rerata koefisien uji reliabilitas sebesar 0,69. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, komponen perangkat penilaiain peta konsep dinyatakan valid dan reliabel untuk mengevaluasi proses berpikir konsep pada topik animalia
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Impuls dan Momentum dengan Pembelajaran TSTS Berbantuan Kartu Masala
Authors: Herawati Rosa
Published: March 2023

Penelitian bertujuan meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar Impuls dan Momentum kelas X.MIPA 1.Menggunakan metode analisis diskriptif komparatif dengan model pembelajaran two stay two stray berbantuankartu masalah. Penelitian dalam dua siklus, siklus I tiga pertemuan. Akhir pertemuan diadakan evaluasi, hasilanalisis dan refleksi siklus I ada dua kompetensi masih kurang. Dilakukan siklus II terdiri dari dua pertemuan,model two stay two stray berbantuan kartu masalah dengan merubah anggota pada masing-masing kelompok.Perolehan nilai kedua kompetensi meningkat. Indikator Hukum Kekekalan Momentum siklus I : 59,4 siklusII : 90, indikator Tumbukan nilai rata-rata siklus I : 25 siklus II : 80,6. Perolehan rata-rata nilai kelompokmeningkat, siklus I : 66,43 siklus II menjadi 83,99. Keaktifan peserta didik masing-masing indikatormeningkat. Perbandingan evaluasi siklus I dan siklus II disimpulkan pembelajaran two stay two strayberbantuan kartu masalah meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar Impuls dan Momentum kelas X.MIPA 1SMA 4 Tegal.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Problem Solving dan Curiosity dalam Pembelajaran IPA 1
Authors: Widhy Hastuti PurwantI , Widowati Asri , Setyowarno Didik
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui strategi implementasi model Problem Based Learning (PBL),meningkatkan problem solving dan sikap curiosity calon guru pada mata kuliah IPA 1. Jenis penelitian ini adalahpenelitian tindakan kelas dengan tahap perencanaan, implementasi dan observasi serta refleksi. Penelitian inidilakukan sebanyak tiga siklus dengan materi yang diajarkan meliputi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhipertumbuhan tanaman, pemisahan campuran, dan termoregulasi. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tesproblem solving dan lembar observasi problem solving, curiosity serta keterlaksanaan model PBL. Prosespembelajaran dilakukan sesuai dengan sintaks yang terdapat dalam model PBL. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan keterlaksanaan model PBL sudah baik dengan terlaksananya semua langkah pada siklus 3.Strategi perbaikan yang dilakukan berupa memfokuskan orientasi masalah yang disajikan, membimbing calonguru dalam berbagi tugas dalam kelompok dan mengatur waktu sehingga pembelajaran lebih optimal. Hasiltes menunjukkan peningkatan rerata nilai problem solvingcalon guru dari siklus ke siklus dan di dukung denganhasil observasi dimana tiap aspek problem solving mencapai kategorisangat baik. Dengan demikian, dapatdisimpulkan bahwa penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan problem solving dan curiosity calon guru dalampembelajaran IPA.
Peningkatan Pembelajaran Materi Pesawat Sederhana di Sekolah Dasar melalui Model Two Stay Two Stray
Authors: Taufik Hidayat Muhammad , Daroni Daroni , Setijowati Umi
Published: March 2023

Hasil belajar materi pesawat sederhana siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Tegalwangi 01Kecamatan Talang Kabupaten Tegal masih rendah. Peneliti menerapkan model pembelajaran Two StayTwo Stray (TSTS). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dalam duasiklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kelas saat pelaksanaan pre test sebesar 59,78 meningkatpada hasil post test menjadi 76,55 dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar klasikal dari 44,68% menjadi80,85%. Selain itu, nilai rata-rata kelas pada siklus I sebesar 65,9 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 74,98dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar klasikal dari 70,21% menjadi 89,36%. Aktivitas belajar siswa padasiklus I sebesar 73,43% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 75,84%. Perolehan nilai performansi guru telahmencapai indikator keberhasilan dengan perolehan nilai akhir pada siklus I sebesar 73,5 meningkat padasiklus II menjadi 78,74. Penerapan model pembelajaran TSTS dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran IPAmateri pesawat sederhana.
Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Fisika Materi Suhu dan Kalor Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw
Authors: Pamungkas Sigit
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar fisika materi suhu dan kalor melaluiproses pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada siswa kelas XI TITL 3 SMK N 1 Warureja. Penelitian initermasuk penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tesdan nontes. Teknik tes digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil serapan pengetahuan setelah tindakan.Sedangkan teknik nontes digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data perubahan minat dan aktivitas siswa. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas dalam proses pembelajaran. Peningkatan kualitastersebut dibuktikan dengan proses pembelajaran yang makin lancar pada siklus II dan suasana kelas yangmakin kondusif.. Disiklus I tingkat aktifitas kelas dari 63,33 % meningkat menjadi 93,33 % pada siklus II.Dari hasil angket menyatakan tujuh siswa (23%) setuju disiklus I dan meningkat menjadi 27 (90%) siswamenyatakan setuju disiklus II. Di siklus I tingkatan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 43,33 % menigkat menjadi80 % di siklus II.
Kompetensi Guru IPA SMP di Kecamatan Mlati dalam Mengerjakan Soal IPA Model PISA
Authors: Setyowarno Didik , Rosana Dadan , Widodo Eko , Setianingsih Wita
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi guru IPA SMP se-kecamatan Mlati, SlemanYogyakarta dalam mengerjakan soal IPA model Programme Internationale for Student Assesment (PISA).Kompetensi PISA yang diujikan mencakup menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah dan mengevaluasi danmendesain penyelidikan ilmiah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei yang dilaksanakan di SMP N 2 MlatiYogyakarta. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru IPA dengan jumlah 12. Jumlah subjek penelitian ditentukandengan menggunakan teknik cluster sampling yang terbagi menjadi empat wilayah yaitu bagian timur,barat, selatan, dan utara sehingga bisa mewakili secara guru-guru IPA di SMP Mlati Yogyakarta. Instrumenpenelitian yang digunakan adalah butir soal IPA model PISA berjumlah lima yang telah divalidasi olehdosen ahli. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara kuantitatif deskriptif dengan cara mengkonversi kedalam kategori. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi guru IPA dalam mengerjakan soal IPAmodel PISA masih bervariasi. Nilai prosentasi guru IPA mampu mengerjakan soal untuk kompetensimenjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah, mendesain penyelidikan ilmiah, dan mengevaluasi terkait denganpenyelidikan ilmiah dan masing-masing 41,67%, 25%, dan 87,5% dengan kategori masing-masing cukup(C), kurang (K), dan baik sekali (BS).
Pengembangan E-Learning Berbasis Schoology pada Materi Impuls dan Momentum untuk Melatihkan Literasi Digital
Authors: Misbah Misbah , Aji Pratama Wahyu , Hartini Sri , Dewantara Dewi
Published: March 2023

Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kelayakan media e-learning berbasisschoology. Tujuan penelitian secara khusus untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) validitas media, (2) kepraktisanmedia, dan (3) efektivitas media. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research & Development (R&D) model ADDIE.Subjek uji coba penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X MIPA 1 SMAN 6 Banjarmasin berjumlah 32orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi media, lembar keterlaksanaan RPP, dan tes hasilbelajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) validitas media diperoleh skor 3,94 berkategori valid, (2)kepraktisan media diperoleh skor 3,77 berkategori sangat praktis, dan (3) efektivitas media diperoleh skor0,41 berkategori sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pengembangan e-learning berbasis schoology padamateri impuls dan momentum untuk melatihkan literasi digital layak digunakan pada pembelajaran.
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kocok Sumpit untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPA Materi Getaran dan Gelombang
Authors: Rizal Rizal
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)melalui penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran kocok sumpit pada siswa kelas VIII C MTs Negeri 2 Tegalsemester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian mengunakan metode analisis deskriptif dandilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Maret 2018. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semuasiswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri 2 Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelasVIII C. Sampel diberi perlakuan dengan metode pembelajaran kocok sumpit. Data dikumpulkan denganmetode tes untuk prestasi belajar, keaktifan persepsi dan kesan siswa dengan metode angket. Pada siklus Isiswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM ada 17 siswa (44,73 %) sedangkan pada siklus II siswa yang lulusKKM ada 27 siswa (71,5 %). Berdasar hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan metodekocok sumpit dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas VIII C Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 yangditandai dengan adanya siswa yang lulus KKM sebanyak 27 siswa (92,85 %), ini berarti tingkatkeberhasilannya lebih dari 70%.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Berkarakter Model Inquiry untuk Siswa Kelas IX
Authors: Kaleka Melkyanus , Ika Yasinta Embu
Published: March 2023

Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yag dapat melatih siswa berpikir, bertindak dan bersikap seperti ilmuan muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan sebuah LKS IPA berkarakter menggunakan model inquiry dan menganalisis pengembangan LKS tersebut terhadap prestasi belajar dan karakter siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas IXa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa keals IXd sebagai kelas control. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Prosedur penelitian meliputi; pendahuluan, rancangan, dan pengembangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode angket, metode tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan presentase, uji-t, dan uji gain. Hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa uji kelayakan Lembar Kerja Siswa ilmu pengetahuan alam berkarakter dengan model inquiry sangat layak digunakan sebagai panduan pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam. Terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar yang signifikan antara siswa pada kelas eksperimen dengan siswa pada kelas control.
Penggunaan Multimedia Interaktif (MMI) sebagai Media Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Fisika
Authors: Rahmawati Ana
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan multimedia interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar fisika . Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental design one group pre test post test dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X semester 2 SMK Negeri 2 Ende yang terdiri dari 13 kelas dalam 5 program keahlian yang berjumlah 421 orang dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas XC TKJ sebanyak 26 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes prestasi. Data dianalisis dengan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan multimedia interaktif (MMI) sebagai media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar fisika. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai thitung ˃ ttabel atau 3,491 > 1,708 dengan derajat kebebasan untuk daftar distribusi t adalah dk = N–1 = 26–1 = 25, dan taraf signifikan 0,05.
Strategy Integrated Learning Through The Model of Deep Discussion Group Activities (DMKK) Based on Local Wisdom as Efforts for Establishing Characters of JHS Students
Authors: Rohmatillah Septya , Budiarso Aris Singgih
Published: March 2023

Education is an effort to educate the life of the nation. Operationally, education in the process through learning with the output of learning outcomes in the realm of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in this regard is related to the character that has become the problem of the Indonesian nation. With these conditions, the building of student character is needed in the millennial era, especially to build students' readiness in facing the challenges and developments in science and technology. Character building through the learning process can be done by using strategies integrated learning through-based DMKK models local wisdom. The chosen strategy integrated learning aims to have students have a learning experience from various sources with different perspectives so that students get a thorough thinking about a problem and can solve various problems. Through the DMKK model, the teacher does not have to be fixated on the steps of a particular learning model and the teacher is more flexible in teaching and learning activities and the use of media or tools available in the classroom. The DMKK model can provide opportunities for students to think deeply about a problem faced. The use of local wisdom in learning is able to provide experiences directly to students in accordance with the potential of the surrounding area. The method used in this is a study literature study on various related sources. The results of this study are expected to provide solutions related to the utilization of regional potential as a source of learning through an in-depth mindset so as to provide opportunities for students to solve problems from various perspectives while still having positive character.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran STAD dan Inquiry terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Sikap Ilmiah di SMA
Authors: Rahmawati Ana
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh pembelajaran STAD dan inkuiri terhadap: (1) kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik, (2) sikap ilmiah peserta didik, (3) kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain eksperimen semu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan inkuiri mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dan positif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional, dan hal ini ditunjukkan dengan output nilai t sebesar 5,83; 7,72 dan 2,71 pada taraf signifikansi 0,00 (signifikansi < 0,05); (2) penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan inkuiri mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dan positif terhadap sikap ilmiah peserta didik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional, dan hal ini ditunjukkan dengan output nilai t sebesar 4,85; 11,04 dan 7,47 pada taraf signifikansi 0,00 (signifikansi < 0,05); (3) penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan inkuiri mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dan positif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah peserta didik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional, dan hal ini ditunjukkan dengan output nilai F sebesar 61,819 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,00 (signifikansi < 0,05).