bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of older women's perceptions of control, health and ageing
Authors: Mitchell Gail
Published: March 2007

Given a commitment to ensuring health and well-being in later years, the theory of personal control may have important implications for health promotion with older women living in the community. This study explored a group of older women's expectancies for control in relation to influences which they perceived to affected health. The findings suggested that while these women retained a strong sense of personal control, cognitive coping stragegies and social support became increasingly important in old age. Further research is suggested to examine the effect of ageism and lay health beliefs on the health of this group.
A qualitative study of older people's perceptions of ageing and exercise: the implications for health promotion
Authors: Stead Martine , Wimbush Erica , Eadie Douglas , Teer Phil
Published: March 2007

Older people's perceptions of ageing and exercise were explored in this qualitative research project. Fifteen focus group discussions were con ducted in Scotland with older (55-75+) and younger (18-49) people, with the aim of investigating how ageing, health and exercise were conceptual ised and of exploring the factors which influence participation in physical activity. Differences between age groups were also examined. The findings demonstrate that many older people are unlikely to participate in exercise for its own sake, nor for health reasons; attempts to promote activity should stress instead the social rewards, and should use different strategies for those currently active and for those who take little or no exercise.
'Time for teachers': the design and evaluation of a personal development course for teachers
Authors: Monaghan Frank , McCoy Michèle , Young Ian , Fraser Elizabeth
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the pilot of a residential personal development course designed to enhance the health and self-esteem of primary school teachers. Comments from participants suggested that the aims of the course had been achieved. Changes in quantitative measures of self-esteem provided strong supporting evidence of improved self-esteem. This initiative had a sufficiently positive outcome to justify further research on the promotion of teachers' health and its potential for influencing the development of health promoting schools.
Drug education: a study of different professional perspectives in one English county
Authors: Keene Jan , Woolgrove Margaret
Published: March 2007

A study was undertaken of over a hundred professionals working with drug users in one English county, drawn from health, community care, social services, the criminal justice system and a number of voluntary organisations. The study set out to discover perceptions of professional roles and in particular of the differing aims of drug education. Three distinct and conflicting models of education were described: education for prevention, education for harm minimisation and education for individual empowerment. Conflict of roles and responsibilities was evident and the favoured solution was clarification of aims.
'Bringing beauty and brightness to the back streets': health education and public health in England and Wales, 1890-1940
Authors: Welshman John
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the place of health education in public health in England and Wales between 1890 and 1940. It traces the way that local authorities developed health education for mothers, schoolchildren, and those suffering from tuberculosis and venereal disease, considers the establishment of the Central Council for Health Education in 1927 and the content of its journal, Better Health, and provides a case study of health education in one city, Leicester. The paper notes an important transition in health education in the mid-1930s, but concludes that overall the work of the Ministry of Health, local authorities, and voluntary organisations in this area was motivated more by anxieties about morality and citizenship than a genuine concern with health and disease. It suggests that in the period 1890-1940, as today, delays and advances in medical expertise, ideas about the relationship between the individual and the state, and wider concepts of morality and citizenship all had an important impact on the changing content and role of health education.
To what extent does medical education concern itself with the medical students' own health?
Authors: Weare Katherine
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study of 46 staff of one medical school who co-ordinate the elements that made up the undergraduate medical curriculum. In semi-structured interviews, medical teachers were asked to what extent their course looked at the students' health. The issue proved not to be central, but it was covered in just under half of' the courses. Several staff expressed concerns about student mental health, while two courses helped students deal with atressful experiences. Coverage of the students' physical health was more opportunist, and often student-initiated. Students appeared to respond best to inputs that related to their immediate concerns. There appeared to be very little teaching on healthy settings, and no link made between this work and the concept of a 'healthy medical school'. Those who would develop health promotion in medical education could build on such work as exists on students' own health, and in particular their mental and emotional health, which might then be used as a stepping stone to a broader consideration of the medical school as a setting for health.
Health promotion in primary health care nursing: the development of quality indicators
Authors: Clark Jill Macleod , Maben Jill
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the development of indicators of quality in the health promo tion work of primary health care nurses through a study commissioned by the Health Education Authority (HEA). The study commenced with a review of the accident- prevention literature in primary health care nursing and three in-depth workshops with locality-based project teams consisting of commissioners of primary health care nursing services, primary health care nurses themselves, and their managers. Potential indicators of quality were identified from the literature and explored further within the workshops. The second phase of the study involved refining and testing the relevance of the indicators in practice through stakeholder interviews and the third phase focused on case studies of six areas of primary health care nursing prac tice. Client perspectives were actively sought and ten consumer-focused process indicators emerged. These have the potential to provide measures of quality in health promotion activities undertaken by primary health care nurses.
Use of folic acid by pregnant British Pakistani women: a qualitative pilot study
Authors: Jessa F. , Hampshire A.J.
Published: March 2007

We aimed to explore pregnant Pakistani women's beliefs and attitudes concerning folic-acid consumption in early pregnancy. Thirteen pregnant Pakistani women were recruited from general practice antenatal clinics in Nottingham. They were inter viewed in depth. The interviews were tape-recorded and analysed qualitatively. None of the women had taken folic acid. Most said they would take folic acid only if it was both recommended and prescribed by their general practitioner (GP). None remembered their GP or midwife discussing folic acid with them. The GP has an important role in alerting Pakistani women to the benefits of folic acid.
Publicans and passive smoking: a survey of publicans' views on tobacco smoke in their workplaces
Authors: Davies Linda M
Published: March 2007

Recent research has highlighted the risks of lung cancer and heart disease from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In the United Kingdom the government has encouraged action from employers to protect non-snioking employees, but such provision remains voluntary and is sporadic. Publicans are exposed to a high level of workplace ETS, and a small survey in Cardiff showed their concerns. Attempts to deal with the situation through voluntary codes are unlikely to be effective, and it may be that legislation will be the only way to ensure that non-smokers are protected from the risks of passive smoking.
Addressing smoking and health among women living on low income II. TAPS Tiree: a dance and drama group for rural community development
Authors: Barlow Joy , Gaunt-Richardson Paula , Amos Amanda , McKie Linda
Published: March 2007

This is the second of three articles, all of which are published in this issue of the HEJ, on the Women, Low Income and Smoking Project, initiated by ASH Scotlarld and funded by the Health Education Board for Scotland (HEBS). The project explored new ways of working to address smoking and health among women living on low incomes. Nineteen community-based initiatives, located across Scotland, were funded over three years to March 1999. In this second article we consider one of these initiatives, based on the island of Tiree off the West Coast of Scotland. 'TAPS' is made up of a variety of community- based activities, using health and fitness, drama and dance to encourage women (often isolated) to paiticipate in community development. Two facilitators from TAPS were successful in an application for funds to produce a Christmas pantomime which featured health-promotion themes, including smoking and related problems. This initiative illustrates ways in which women can engage in community capacity-building, activities, enhancing self-esteem, confidence and a sense of achievement. It is an example of the positive use of health promotion within community development.
Leaving the Asylum: a Psychodynamic Observation Study of a Move From a Long Stay Psychiatric Ward To the Community
Authors: Goodwin Anne M.
Published: March 2007

Regular observations were made of a group of residents and staff on a long stay psychiatric ward and in the early months following their move to the community. During the period before the move, staff and residents colluded to prevent residents' active involvement in the preparations. Immediately following the move, staff seemed unsure of their roles and value, and residents expressed continued uncertainty about their identity as psychiatric patients versus members of the community. The results were interpreted in terms of the threat that transition from hospital to community represents to the defensive social structures developed by each group to cope with the anxieties inherent in their position. For the residents, this threat is to their already ambiguous identities as neither "mad" nor "normal". For the staff, it means greater intimacy with the residents and raises expectations of improvement that may not be fulfilled.
Emigration Stress and Langltage Proficiency as Correlates of Depression in a Sample of Southeast Asian Refugees
Authors: Nicassio Perry M. , Solomon Gary S. , Guest Steven S. , McCullough Joel E.
Published: March 2007

This research evaluated a stress management, coping skills model of adjustment in the analysis of depression in a sample of Laotian refugees living in the southeastern United States. Stressful events and experiences during emigration and a lack of English proficiency were associated with depressive symptoms, while demographic variables and social support were not. English proficiency also significantly reduced the impact of acculturative stressors on depression, suggesting that language skill may act as a stress buffer in the new cultural environment.
Fears of Physicians and other Professionals Groups
Authors: Croake James W. , Myers Kathleen M. , Johnson Robert Wood , Singh Abe
Published: March 2007

Physicians, attorneys, and professors express a significantly different degree of fearfulness, although they prioritize their fears similarly. Physicians appear particularly to fear sickness and ageing, issues directly relevant to their chosen profession. The other two groups, however, do not demonstrate any specific outstanding fears. Results are discussed for a mixed sex, and an all male sample.
Tertiary Care Psychiatry in Zaire: Dsm-Iii in the Developing World
Authors: Kerson Don , Jones Beverly
Published: March 2007

In this sample of eighty consecutive admissions to the Centre-Neuro-Psycho- Pathologique (CNPP) of Kinshasa, 81% were given a DSM-III diagnosis. This demonstrates that the DSM-III is a useful tool for psychiatric research in developing sub-saharan Africa. Schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychoses, and affective disorders appeared in their familiar forms. Zairois patients tended to present with complaints of insomnia, agitation and pressured speech. The most striking observa tions were the relative paucity of depressed mood, self-reproach, and suicidal idea tion in patients with major depression. Four cases of acute transient psychosis were noted.
Youth Unemployment and Health Effects
Authors: Kieselbach Thomas
Published: March 2007

Psychological and sociomedical unemployment research have become an important feature of public concern in the industrialised world.

This paper focusses on research into youth unemployment and health effects from an international perspective and investigates more closely the following areas:

Unemployment and health: research and the political public Youth unemployment: extent and societal coping Young and unemployed—a special problem?

a. Skill utilization and social support

b. Psychiatric morbidity

c. Vulnerability and age

d. "Americanization" of youth

The demand for a "social guarantee"
Lay Theories of Schizophrenia
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Rees Joanna
Published: March 2007

Subjects completed two brief questionnaires, one concerning the description of, and attitudes towards schizophrenia and schizophrenics and the second on the possible cause of schizophrenia. Both questionnaires yielded a clearly interpretable factor struc ture and the relationship between the cause and 'symptoms' was examined. The restalts are discussed in terms of the range, determinants and structure of lay beliefs in mental illness, particularly schizophrenia.
Rural Population's Opinions About the Causes of Mental Illness, Modern Psychiatric Help-Sources and Traditional Healers in Turkey
Authors: Eskin Mehmet
Published: March 2007

Ninety six males and ninety six females from a Turkish village have been questioned regarding their opinions about the causes of mental illness, psychiatric help-sources and traditional healers. Psychological, social and medical responses prevailed among the sample studied. Males gave more social whereas females tended to give more psychological responses. Psychiatrists were ranked as most helpful, mental hospitals as second most helpful and traditional healers were ranked as least helpful in treating mental illness.
The Perception of Social Problems By Husbands and Wives in the Community
Authors: Donini Stefano , Rizzetto Annalisa , Galvan Umberto , Zimmermann-Tansella Christa
Published: March 2007

The Social Problem Questionnaire (SPQ) was completed by 132 Italian married couples who were part of a stratified community sample of 207 families. Agreement between husbands and wives on problems in housing, finance, marriage, family and social relationships was assessed by product moment correlation coefficients, weighted kappas, specific agreement indices and three way analysis of variance. The results showed that couples agreed well on the absence but not on the presence of social problems. Although husbands' and wives' ratings on the severity of pro blems correlated significantly, wives consistently tended to give higher ratings than their husbands. The implications of these results for social research and community surveys are briefly discussed.
Health Status and Mood State in a Migraine Sample
Authors: Jenkinson Crispin
Published: March 2007

This paper is a report of the results gained from the administration of a health status questionnaire, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), on a sample of migraine sufferers. It is argued that chronic migraine suffering is an illness that has implications for perceived health status, and that the NHP is sufficiently sensitive to detect this. The results suggest that scores on the domains of Energy, Sleep and Social Relation ships are associated with respondents' mood state as measured on an established psychiatric screening device, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). It is argued that the NHP has important uses as a survey measure of perceived ill-health in popula tions, and as an indicator of psychiatric morbidity.
Psychiatric Foster Care for Adult Patients: Results of a Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Haveman M.J. , Maaskant M.A.
Published: March 2007

Since the 1920s psychiatric foster care has been considered as an important alter native to psychiatric hospitalization in the Netherlands. About one percent of the men tal hospital patients are actually living with contracted families. These patients have their meals with their foster families, and stay there at night and at the weekends. Foster families can obtain support from hospital staff. Day-programmes, treatment and work rehabilitation, however, are usually undertaken in the grounds of the men tal hospital.

Some data will be presented on the characteristics, skills, social integration and consumer satisfaction of all 188 patients staying with 162 foster families. A comparison is made with a random-sample of hospital inpatients (N=381), patients in sheltered homes (N=179) and in day-centres (N=86).
Inpatient Sociodemographic and Diagnostic Study from a Psychiatric Hospital in Libya
Authors: Avasthi Ajit , Khan M.K.R. , Elroey Ali M.
Published: March 2007

Sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of 1009 patients admitted to the Psychiatry Hospital, Benghazi (Libya) in one calendar year are reported. Five hundred and four (50%) were 'first admission' cases. There were an average of 2.05 admissions for each 'readmission' case. Eighty nine percent of patients were of Libyan origin, of whom 62% were males; 66% were between 15-34 years of age, 37% were married, 28% were unemployed and 16% were in military service.

ICD-9 schizophrenic psychosis was the commonest diagnosis (39%), followed by affective psychosis (17%), neurotic disorders (12%), organic psychosis (8%) and acute psychosis (7%). Neurotic depression was the commonest type of neurotic disorder and antisocial personality was the commonest among personality disorders.

Relationship of sociodemographic variables with major diagnostic categories was studied in Libyan patients. Sociodemographic profiles of 'first admission' and 'readmission' cases of Libyan origin were also compared. These findings are discussed in relation to the sociocultural context.
Networking Consumers' Participation in a Community Mental Health Service: Mutual Support Groups, 'Citizenship' and Coping Strategies
Authors: Mezzina Roberto , Mazzuia Pierpaolo , Vidoni Daniela , Impagnatiello Matteo
Published: March 2007

Consumers' and family members' involvement was indispensable to create social support networks promoted by the comprehensive mental health services resulting from the closure and subsequent complete reconversion of the mental hospital in Trieste. Despite long term consumers' disabilities and the families' heavy burden the individuals' positive skills and resources can be, and indeed are, 'valorized'.

Mutual help groups, social clubs and solidarity initiatives in the community were the outcome of the individual consumer's active daily involvement in the service therapeutic programmes and of stimulation of social and communication skills.

The service considers these forms of supported self-organisation of consumers and family members as new instruments for further deinstitutionalisation and demedicalisation of therapeutic and rehabilitative practices, for the overcoming of social isolation and learning of coping strategies from the mutual experience.
Attitudes Towards Mental Patients
Authors: Ojanen Markku
Published: March 2007

A study of attitudes towards mental patients was made using a questionnaire developed by Lehtinen and Väisänen. Five hundred and fourteen persons from different parts of Finland filled in the questionnaire. The attitudes were generally positive, although, as in other studies, the attitudes of those older and less educated were more negative compared with the other groups. This result was interpreted as a generational effect, which will vanish as the educational level of the population increases. The questionnaire also included questions about the attitudes and behaviour of 'other people'. The attitudes of 'other people' were thought to be very negative compared with one's own attitudes.
Effect of Psychiatric Labels On Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in a Turkish Sample
Authors: Arkar Haluk , Eker Doğan
Published: March 2007

The influence of specific psychiatric labels and types of psychopathology on various attitudes were investigated in a sample (N = 84) of visitors of patients in a Turkish hospital. Vignettes representing two types of psychopathology with and without labels were used as the stimulus material and the attitudes toward those descriptions were assessed with the use of a questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed that labels had significant influence on recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, and perception of treatment necessity. Type of psychopathology significantly influenced recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, prognosis, and treatment choice. The results were discussed within the context of previous findings and the need for research poi nted out.
Attributions for Admission To Zomba Mental Hospital: Implications for the Development of Mental Health Services in Malawi
Authors: Maclachlan Malcolm , Nyirenda Tony , Nyando Clifford
Published: March 2007

Within Malawi, as in many other African countries, a variety of traditional and modern attributions exist regarding the cause of a person's mental disturbance, or their admission to a 'mental' hospital. It is argued that a good mental health service should consider the beliefs of the patients it seeks to serve. Consequently we studied 103 consecutive admissions to Zomba Mental Hospital in order to find out how patients explained their own admission to the hospital. Traditional attributions were the most common, followed by medical and then psychological attributions. Some patients explained their admission to the hospital by combining traditional, medical or psychological ideas. Content analysis of traditional attributions identified examples of "Tropical Tolerance" and the ''Pull Down" phenomenon. The possible interactive nature of traditional, medical and psycho logical processes is discussed and it is suggested that traditional healers should be incorporated into 'modern' Malawian mental health services.
DSM-III Mental Disorders in General Medical Sector: Predictors of Outcome
Authors: Ceroni Francesco Berti , Gherardi Stefano , Rucci Paola
Published: March 2007

In 1987, a multicentric research was carried out in Emilia-Romagna, an adminis trative area in northern Italy. Nine hundred and forty one people in the general medical sector were contacted to enter a two-stage procedure to identify DSM-III cases. Cases were recontacted for 3-month, 1-year and 2-year follow-ups.

Eighty cases completing at least the one-year follow-up were analysed. The sample was split into "still-cases" and "no longer-cases" depending on the persistence of a DSM-III diagnosis at the last follow-up.

Both clinical and social features proved to be predictors of the outcome. A disorder lasting one year or longer, past recurrences, Axis I comorbidity, older age, being married and having children were the features which at the first assessment predicted an unfavourable outcome. Having children and past episodes proved to be the best predictors of remaining a case in a stratified logistic regression model.

The persistence of major difficulties during the follow-up period was also correlated to a "still-case" status.
Clinical Examples of Cross-Cultural Work in a Community Learning Disability Service
Authors: Hassiotis Angela
Published: March 2007

The debate on the correct application of the terms race and ethnicity continues while community care takes place in a multicultural society. The impact of mental illness and mental handicap (currently referred to as learning disability2) on different ethnic groups partly depends on societai influences which also deter mine the policy for service organisation. As the treatment and support of the mentally handicapped has moved away from the custodial care of yesteryear, professionals must ensure that their practice is sensitive to the religion, ethnicity and languages of the communities they serve. This paper describes examples of psychiatric clinical practice with two families of Greek and Kuwaiti background, in the setting of a community learning disability team.
Psychiatry and the Popular Conception of Possession Among the Bangladeshis in London
Authors: Bose Ruma
Published: March 2007

Two detailed case histories of young people possessed by spirits are presented to show that expressions of distress are shaped by cultural beliefs from the very inception. It stands in marked contrast to the Western psychiatric view of posses sion beliefs as cultural explanations offered for underlying pathological processes. This has serious implications for the practice of psychiatry in increasingly multi cultural societies.
Review Article : Services for People With Mental Retardation and Psychiatric Disorders: US-UK Comparative Overview
Authors: Bouras Nick , Szymanski Ludwik
Published: March 2007

Mental health services for people with mental retardation have been receiving greater attention over recent years following a long period of inactivity. The main policy factors which influenced the developments of services were in the USA, the emphasis on deinstitutionalisation and normalisation, and in the UK the focus on social care. Progress in the assessment of psychiatric disorders and improved diagnostic techniques have stimulated the development of a wide range of mental health services for people with mental retardation, compatible with current ideology of community care on both sides of the Atlantic. Specialist multi disciplinary, community based and easily accessible mental health services should be available for people with mental retardation. Economic cost, quality of care, and training of professionals and direct care staff, remain some of the challenges faced by purchasers and providers of mental retardation and mental health services in both countries.
Users' Views of a Drop-in Project for the Homeless
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh , Bhamra Jaspal , Taylor Patrick
Published: March 2007

Homeless adults attending a drop-in voluntary project were approached to assess their views on the project, pathways into homelessness, physical and mental health needs and history of substance misuse. Over a six week period, 70 users were interviewed. Of these 54 (77%) were men and the rest women. Twenty five (35%) were living in insecure accommodation. A significant proportion 61% (43) acknowledged having suffered from emotional or mental health problems in the past and nearly half (47%) admitted to having received a psychiatric diagnosis. Nearly one third reported past criminal record. The use of substances (drugs and alcohol) was fairly common. There were no ethnic differences in the findings although the numbers from ethnic minorities remain small. This is not a typical homeless sample but the findings suggest vulnerability of such a group. The group was by and large satisfied with the open access and flexible approach of the project. The findings are discussed in relation to the acceptable services provided by voluntary organisations and suggestions made for further studies.
Non-Compliance With Treatment in Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia: a Study To Evaluate Possible Contributing Factors
Authors: Agarwal Manoj R. , Sharma Vimal K. , K.V. Kishore Kumar , Lowe Derek
Published: March 2007

Background. Various factors have been associated with non-compliance with treatment in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine this association using standardised measures.

Method. Compliance was determined and socio-demographic and illness variables recorded. Insight, subjective response to medication and relatives' knowledge and attitude about schizophrenia were measured.

Results. Non-compliant patients were younger, had shorter durations of illness, had an episodic course of illness, reported side-effects less frequently, made incorrect attributions to current positive symptoms more frequently and had a more negative subjective response to medication. Key relatives of non-compliant patients were more often employed.

Conclusions. Patients need to experience for themselves the merits of taking medication before accepting the need to take them long-term. Psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioural interventions need to be targeted at changing attribu tions to current positive symptoms. The presence of a key person in the community is crucial to improve compliance.
Collaboratively Planning the Formal Training of Technical Communication Specialists
Authors: Light Israel
Published: March 2007

In this article Dr. Light raises some provocative questions of concern to all who teach and practice communication arts. After examining typical cur ricula and courses, he outlines deficiencies and suggests some first steps which depend on inter-society cooperation.
Toward a Theory of Organization Communication: Consideration in Channel Selection
Authors: Melcher Arlyn J. , Beller Ronald
Published: March 2007

The primary purpose of this paper is to facilitate a more systematic approach to develop ment of a single theory of ad ministration from the present formal and informal theories. It limits its focus to deter mining when the use of formal communication channels, infor mal channels or some combina tion thereof contributes to the effectiveness of the administra tor and when verbal, written or some combination of these methods facilitate an admini strator's effectiveness when using the formal and informal networks. Clarification of the alternatives available to the ad ministrator is attained by the specification of channels and methods of using them.

This article appeared in the March 1967 Journal of the Academy of Management. It is reprinted by permission.
A Proposed Communication Certification Program
Authors: Mongan Thomas R. , Wolf Morris Philip
Published: March 2007

The authors present the results of a number of studies which show the need for improving communication skills among university students. They pre sent a survey of the communi cations offerings at the Univer sity of Houston College of Business Administration and conclude with an outline of a proposed communication certi fication program.

This paper was presented to the ABCA Southwestern Regional Convention, meeting as the Business Communications Sec tion of the Southwestern Social Science Association at Dallas, Texas, April 12, 1968.
Communication and Management Information Systems
Authors: Lord Willlam J.
Published: March 2007

With the emergence of the computer, the role of the business communicator— traditionally an information specialist in research, writing, and teaching—is changing markedly. This paper explores some of the directions and emphases of change and considers the future's demands on higher education in business.
BITS, NYBBLES, BYTES: A View of Electronic Grading
Authors: Slotnick Henry B. , Knapp John V. , Bussell Rodney L.
Published: March 2007

Commonly used essay grading procedures are subjective and suffer from incon sistency and instability. An objective procedure, described here, involves regressing a computer's measurements on grades assigned by an expert judge. Results of using the procedure on college freshman themes indicate some success for it.
The Communication Needs of Business Executives
Authors: Bennett James C.
Published: March 2007

According to this survey of California executives, the ability to communicate effectively is significant in moving businessmen to top management positions. The executivcs surveyed believed that a formal course in business communi cations is essential for adequate preparation for management positions.
The Styrofoam Cup and the Umbrella
Authors: Rice Joseph A. , Dolin David D.
Published: March 2007

The business communications professor sensing his own obsolescence should make his college his laboratory and direct his expertise toward improving its information network. He may not save himself, but he will create a model worth imitating.
Business Communication At the Graduate Level in American Colleges of Business
Authors: Hatch Richard A.
Published: March 2007

The ABCA Committee on Graduate Studies compiled this information about the business communication offerings in graduate schools of business in the United States: what courses are available, how the situation has changed in recent years, and what futrue needs are envisioned by business school faculties.
THE OPEN SYSTEMS MODEL: Auditing the Effectiveness of Organizational Communication
Authors: Hickson Mark
Published: March 2007

Most theories for auditing communications systems are too broad or too narrow. With a general systems approach, the analyst can evaluate the communication process as an exchange and adaptive mechanism: the organization's means of adapting to feedback, and often as the organization's fundamental product-in formation. This article offers a model of how the communication process should operate according to general systems theory.
The Quality of Economic Writing in Four Magazines
Authors: Smith James L.
Published: March 2007

This paper is the result of a study of the writing of the business and economics sections of four mass-circulation magazines. The author attempts to rank the magazines according to their effectiveness in communicating technical business information to the general public.
A Competency-Based Approach for Teaching Business Writing Concepts and Skills
Authors: Stoddard Ted D. , Warner S.Elvon
Published: March 2007

In answer to objections raised against courses in business writing, by students and by uniuersity faculty and administrators, the authors propose a competency- based approach in which instructors are held accountable for the success of their teaching, and students work on an individual basis until they attain competency in writing.
Manohar Malgonkar on His Novel The Princes: An Interview
Authors: Dayananda James Y.
Published: March 2007

Manohar Malgonkar visited Lock Haven State College, Lock Haven, Pa., during the Fall semester of 1972. During 28-30 September he gave two public lectures, conducted four college classes, taped one half-hour television interview, and another longer two-hour interview for a literary journal, and met with numerous students, faculty, and townspeople at an informal reception held in his honour. His novel The Devil's Wind had just been published.

Perhaps what is most striking about Malgonkar's conversation is his command of the English language: his spoken sentences are as precise and rounded as those he writes. He talks quickly, confidently, eagerly yet unaffectedly - obviously enjoying it. His voice and manner are warm and gentle. No transcript taken from the tape could catch the subtleties of voice which gave life and point to many of his rewarks.

Malgonkar is a trim and sprightly man who retains some of the brisk alertness of his military career. Born in Bombay on 12 July 1913, he served for a time in the infantry, in counter-intelligence, and on the Army's General Staff during World War II, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. After graduatingfrom Bombay University with honours in English and Sanskrit, he became a professional big-game hunter, and used to arrange tiger shoots for the Indian Maharajahs. Soon he gave up killing wild animals for a living, to turn ardently anti-killing, and joined government service. He has since become a fierce wild-life conservationist.

He stayed on in the Army for a while after the war and then turned to business and farming. He owned and operated manganese mines near his home town Jagalbet, India. He was also active in politics as a member of the Swatantra Party, and twice contested Indian parliamentary elections unsuccessfully.

Malgonkar is the author of five English novels: Distant Drum (1960), Combat of Shadows (1962), The Princes (1963), A Bend in the Ganges (1964), and The Devil's Wind (1972). He is also a historian, having written three books of Indian history: Kanhoji Angrey (1959), Puars of Dewas Senior (1962), and Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur (1971). He has written several scripts for Indian movies. Mr Malgonkar has also written fifty short stories and over a hundred articles. He has visited the U.S.A. four times, in 1963, 1964, 1970, and 1972, when he lectured at many colleges and universities. At present he lives with bis family in Jagalbet, Belgaum district of India, and grows coconuts, oranges, and mangoes.

The following is a partial transcript of an interview with Malgonkar during his visit to Lock Haven in 1972.
Fracture Properties of Glass Filled Polyphenylene Oxide Composites
Authors: Wambach A. , Trachte K. , Dibenedetto A.
Published: March 2007

The phenomological fracture properties of glass bead filled polyphenylene oxide composites were investigated.

Yield strength and Young's modulus were obtained as a function of volume fraction of filler using standard microtensile testing techniques. Fracture toughness was measured using double edge notched tensile bars. The effects of adhesion were studied by using untreated and A-1100 silane-treated glass beads. The nature of the fracture surfaces was observed by use of an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.

It was found that the fracture toughness of these materials de creased by increasing the filler content and by improving the adhesion. In general, an increase in strength and stiffness was accompanied by a decrease in toughness.

The fractographic studies gave a detailed mapping of the frac ture front as it propagated through the material. Fracture occurred in two stages. The initial stage was a region of stable crack growth accompanied by, crazing, heat generation and viscous flow in the resin matrix. At a well defined condition, the cracks became un stable and catastrophic failure ensued. The fracture mechanism in the unstable region was distinctly different than in the stable region. The exact mechanism was strongly dependent on the degree of adhesion between the phases.

It is felt that a reasonably clear picture has been presented of how filled polyphenylene oxide polymers fail and how some of the variables affect the resistance to castastrophic failure.
An Analogy for Certain Anisotropic Plates
Authors: Ashton J.E.
Published: March 2007

Although the basic differential equations and appropriate boundary conditions for anisotropic plates have been available for many years, exact solutions are unavailable except for the case of infinitely long rectangular plates [1].

This note describes an analogy between the differential equations of skew (parallelogram) isotropic plates and rectangular anisotropic plates. Although the analogy is restrictive in applicability, it provides several exact solutions for finite length rectangular anisotropic plates. These solutions are useful by themselves and should prove especially valuable in assessing the accuracy of approximate analyses of anisotropic plates.
Industrial Legislation in 1999
Authors: Chapman Anna
Published: March 2007

Arange of amendments were made to Australian workplace legislation in 1999. New industrial legislation was introduced in Queensland, the effect of which will be to shift the direction of regulation in that state. Equal opportunity legislation was amended in important respects in both Tasmania and at the federal level. Federal affirmative action legislation was altered, and legislation reshaping the procedures for hearing complaints under federal discrimination statutes was enacted. Occupational health and safety legislation was also amended in a number of jurisdictions.
South Australian Workers Compensation Disputes: from Conciliation to Adjudication and Back Again
Authors: Meredith Frances
Published: March 2007

Reforms to workers compensation schemes throughout Australia in the 1980s brought many changes to the substantive entitlements of injured workers, admin istration and funding arrangements. Those reforms also introduced new ways of resolving disputes about entitlements.

Tbis paper identifies some of the major factors that influence the design and operation of dispute resolution systems and demonstrates that there is a tendency for such systems to develop in a manner that can be contrary to the original objectives as a result of particular pressures and unanticipated developments. A case study of dispute resolution in South Australian workers compensation in the period 1986 to 1999 provides the empirical detail. Dispute resolution systems are dynamic rather than static. Tbey frequently reflect some of the pressures and conflicts within the workers compensation schemes. The nature of the administration and management of dispute resolution processes at a time of changing statutory requirements, and in the face of challenges to it by the various interest groups, are contributing factors to the direction of the changes.

The South Australian case study and the subsequent analysis are prefaced by a brief discussion of some features of alternative dispute resolution and conciliation in particular :
Managers in the Middle: Employee Involvement Effects in a Federal Government Agency
Authors: Grison Moreno , Worland David
Published: March 2007

P ast research has shown that the introduction of participatory schemes significantly impinges on the role that middle and frontline managers have traditionally played. What remains largely unexplored, however, are the consequences of this changed role, and in particular the notion that participation may create a series of conflicts and tensions for these managers, leaving them feeling caught in the middle of competing organisational players and demands. Adopting a case study approach, this paper uses evidence from a public sector organisation, which has adopted employee involvement in implementing performance management initiatives, to examine the effect of such a program on middle and frontline managers.
Collective Bargaining, Conciliation and Arbitration in Victorian Wages Boards
Authors: Fristacky Jackie M.
Published: March 2007

The Victorian wages board system, with its mixtures of collective bargaining, nciliation and casting vote arbitration, is in sharp contrast to the structures of ?e federal and state conciliation and arbitration systems. Consisting of tripartite ?hards involving employer and employee representatives and an independent airman, the Victorian system encourages negotiated settlements. Extensive iticism of wages boards as an effective means of conflict resolution exists. ?ost of the writings on wages boards, however, ignore the essential rationale the system: in fact no comprehensive investigation of this exercise of state dustrial power exists. This paper analyses the basic notions underlying wages ?ards.
Australian Maritime Unions and the International Transport Workers' Federation
Authors: Laffer Kingsley
Published: March 2007

One of the more interesting developments in recent times has been the emergence of international trade unions. This paper considers the participation of Australian maritime unions in the International Transport Workers' Federation. The Federation's campaign against "flags of convenience" and "crews of convenience" is discussed and its suecess is highlighted. None the less, problems were encountered during the course of the campaign and these are discussed in detail. Of particular interest is the apparent hostility to the cam paign of overseas shipowners and governments compared to the indifference displayed by Australian shipowners, In fact, Australian employers and govern ment seem to believe that the campaign is a normal and reasonable trade union activity. (Ed.)
Worker Self-Management in Yugoslavia: The Current State of Play
Authors: Miller R.F.
Published: March 2007

Yugoslavia's scheme for worker self-management is the most comprehensive one operating to date. Unlike Soviet Russia, Yugoslavia has attempted to introduce self-management based on Marxist theory before the completion of economic development. Since the 1950s, enterprise level participation has formed the basis of the entire socio-political system; it has recently been codified in the 1974 Constitution and the November 1976 Law on Associated Labour. This paper outlines the historical development of Yugoslav worker self-management and examines the significant theoretical issues as well. as the many problems of practical application, not the least of which are caused by inflation and a poor economic climate. After noting that the Yugoslav system is a unique example of social engineering which produces a web of self- management structures and procedures, this paper concludes by suggesting that discarded or superseded features of socialist Yugoslav worker self-management could be usefully considered in the West.
An Empirical Study of Industrial Power and Conflict: Australian Petroleum Retailing
Authors: Guilhaus F.W.
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the background to the disputation in the retail petroleum industry. It makes a plea that the important relationship between a dominant manufacturer-supplier and a network of retailers is a neglected area of research in the industrial relations literature. A former model which examines the nature of a dominant firm's power and the incidence of conflict is tested in the retail petroleum industry. The model may have application to other areas of inter-organisational conflict research.
Incomes Policy and Industrial Relations: Britain, Sweden and Australia
Authors: Wright Michael , Apple Nixon
Published: March 2007

Increasingly, economic debate in Australia and other Western, developed economies is directed to the interdependence and potential conflict between the out come of labour market negotiations and government economic policy. Industrial relations becomes identified as a cause of economic problems and governments have been attracted to policies that seek to alter the outcome of labour market negotia tions, using what are often termed "incomes policies". However, because of the nature of industrial relations, incomes policies which might be established to express government demands also have an influence over the balance of powers and relations within the economy. This dynamic process presents problems for practitioners and academics assessing the full effect of incomes policies. The corporatist model developed by Leo Pantich is one useful model of the changes that can occur in trade union, employer and government relations under incomes policy conditions. Draw ing on the flexibility of such a process model, this article details the development of incomes policies in Britain and Sweden, examining the changing relationships and powers that have occurred when the parties (and especially the trade unions) have responded to the demands such policies make on industrial relations. The differences in trade union reactions to industrial relations adjustment provide lessons and experiences for any economy where the government seeks to direct labour market negotiations. In terms of the impact on trade unions particularly and industrial relations in general, the British and Swedish lessons offer valuable insights for Australia. Examining the dynamic incomes policy effects in Australia, we conclude that only if industrial relations practitioners and trade unionists are aware of the dynamic pressures of intervention and respond in a structured manner can they avoid the traps identified by British experience and benefit from the opportunities offered by Swedish initiatives.