bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AXIOMATIC THEORY OF DESIGN MODELING
Authors: Zeng Yong
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an axiomatic theory is established for studying design. Using this theory, a formal model of design is derived to represent the syntactic structure of hierarchical evolving design objects and the dynamic design process. The axiomatic theory can be used by design theorists and computer scientists as a formal logical tool to model design whereas the derived formal model can be used by designers to organize their design activities and by software developers to implement various CAD systems. The axiomatic theory includes two groups of axioms: axioms of objects and axioms of the human thought. They address the character of two central entities in the design process: nature and the human thought. Two important notions derived from the axioms are structure and range operations, which naturally represent basic thought processes, such as aggregation and generalization, in the design process. Related work is reviewed to show the history of the axiomatic approach to the modeling of design. The future directions are also given.
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON SIMILARITY METRICS FOR SOFTWARE COMPONENT	INTERFACES
Authors: Kratz Benedikt , Reussner Ralf , van den Heuvel Willem-Jan
Published: November 2024

In this article we define metrics for measuring component interface similarity. These metrics were applied in an empirical study investigating the relationship between the functionality and the interfaces of software components. The main contributions of this article are: (i) the introduction of software component interface refactorings, i.e., transformations working on IDL-style (i.e., signature-list based) component interfaces. These refactorings are used to define a similarity metric for signature-list based component interfaces, (ii) the definition of efficiently computable metrics measuring the similarity of software component protocols (i.e., valid call sequences to component services), and, (iii) the discussion of first insights from the metrics' application in the context of our empirical study.
REQUIREMENT MANAGEMENT AND AXIOMATIC DESIGN
Authors: Gumus Bulent , Ertas Atila
Published: November 2024

There are three main objectives of requirements management; one is to capture the requirements right, the second one is to manage changing requirements, and the third one is to align the system development lifecycle activities with the requirements to make sure that the requirements are met and gold plating does not happen. Achieving the first objective depends on the structure and effectiveness of the requirements gathering and validation methodology whereas achieving the second and third objectives depends on the ability to establish and maintain a connection between the elicited customer needs, the requirements and constraints derived from these needs, and the subsequent artifacts in which these requirements are realized. Axiomatic Design methodology aims at establishing a scientific base for design and improving design activities by providing the designer with a theoretical foundation based on logic and rational thought processes and tools. This paper will present a "quantitative requirement quality" concept based on requirement quality factors, provides a template for requirement description based on requirements attributes and incorporates these into and extended Axiomatic Design approach for better requirements management. The purpose of this paper is to support the first objective of requirements management as well as to provide a solid foundation for the second and third objectives since these two objectives cannot be achieved without a structured product development lifecycle approach.
SIMULATION BASED VALIDATION OF AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS
Authors: Indiradevi Krishnan G. , Nair V.S. Suku
Published: November 2024

Authentication protocols help to establish trust about the identities of communicating entities. Along with authorization and data confidentiality, authentication forms a critical component of most non-trivial security frameworks. Over past several years, an alarming number of seemingly secure authentication protocols have been shown to be flawed. By exploiting such flaws, malicious entities can potentially take on identities of trusted entities. Attacks on authentication protocols are often too subtle to uncover by simple means, hence considerable research has gone into techniques for analyzing and verifying them. Though the problem is perhaps best studied using formal methods, techniques in that category are generally rather complex and specialized. This paper proposes a different approach - using simulation as a means of validation. Though unable to conclusively prove security, simulation can be very effective in uncovering hidden flaws. This could be particularly useful for large systems where it may be nearly impractical to apply formal methods. A framework is presented to model authentication protocols with state machines and to validate some of their security properties through simulation.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES AND TOOLS FOR COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Stetter Ralf
Published: November 2024

The presented work is concerned with the development of innovative strategies and tools for the management of collaborations between original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and suppliers in product development departments in automotive industry. The term "supplier" refers to system suppliers who deliver complex systems directly to the OEM as well as to component suppliers who deliver indirectly to the OEM. Due to rising product complexity, the need for collaboration in the product development of car components is still increasing. For instance, in the design of an automotive seating system for a certain model more than a hundred industrial designers, design engineers, project managers, accountants, and prototype experts need to collaborate effectively and efficiently in order to achieve the technical and economic objectives. Extensive work has already covered this area (Eckert et al. 2001, Kristjansson et al. 2003, Krystek et al. 1997, Link et al. 2001, Shaughnessy 1994, Wunram et al. 2003), especially in the field of collaboration in industrial production (supply/value chain management). However, in daily practice many problems on a technical, personal, and organisational level still hinder efficient collaboration. This paper presents a collection of strategies and tools which were found to support the collaboration management. Firstly, the results of an in-depth analysis of the product development are presented in section 1. Secondly, the strategies and tools that were collected and generated on basis of the analysis are described in section 2.
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING SYSTEM (CMCES) AND ITS	APPLICATIONS TO EDUCATION
Authors: Gonsalves Tad , Kawabata Ryo , Nakagawa Kengo , Ishikawa Yuuki , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

In collaborative engineering, different engineers or organizations collaborate to achieve the goal of planning and accomplishing an engineering task. Collaborative engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building a product, but also management issues, such as planning, scheduling, and budgeting. It is essential for the collaborators to come together periodically in the form of a conference to discuss urgent matters and to make decisions. However, collaborators are often spread over vast geographical distances making these attempts of holding a conference difficult, if not altogether impossible. In this paper, we present "Computer-Mediated Collaborative Engineering System" (CMCES) that we have designed to conduct online collaborative engineering meetings, and to aid the various phases of collaboration engineering. The purpose of CMCES is twofold – to hold an online collaborative engineering meeting and to support the various stages in collaborative engineering that is done in a distributed environment. CMCES is chiefly used in synchronous mode, but it can be used asynchronously as well. There are commercially available video conferencing systems, but CMCES is designed to support distance collaborative engineering stages from the planning to product-making, viz., planning, designing, scheduling and prototyping. CMCES also stands for Computer-Mediated Collaborative Educational System. The same features that are used for distance collaborative engineering can be used for distance education. Real in-depth learning takes place in a collaborative setting, where the students take the lead in teaching one another in the presence of the instructor rather than being in a position of receiving passively from the instructor. The salient features of CMCES support the teacher-students interaction, students-teacher interaction and students-students interaction that comprise a sound collaborative pedagogy. CMCES is a low-cost and user-friendly online system with whiteboard, text, audio and video functions. It is built by using Visual Basic and Direct X. Direct X can be downloaded free of charge from Microsoft and can be run in the Windows environment. CMCES can be easily executed on Windows platform.
A VLSI DESIGN DESIGN-SYNTHESIS METHODOLOGY AT THE TRANSISTOR	LAYOUT LEVEL
Authors: Bourbakis Nikolaos G. , Mortazavi M.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a VLSI design synthesis methodology based on the Geometria language. Geometria is a context-free language, which has the ability of floorplanning, compaction and automated synthesis of functional blocks at various levels of a VLSI integration, starting from the transistor level. The Geometria methodology used in this paper deals with the design synthesis of VLSI circuit layout. More specifically it accepts various user's inputs such as stick diagram, circuit schematics, Boolean expression, netlists, or natural language text expressions, and produces automatically the desirable VLSI layout. One of the major characteristics of Geometria is that it is an automated process for VLSI layout placement and synthesis of blocks at various levels of integration.
OUTLINING A MODEL OF A RELEASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Authors: Kajko-Mattsson Mira , Yulong Fan
Published: November 2024

One of the major concerns of any maintenance organization is to deliver software releases with maximal functionality and quality within the boundaries of the resource constraints. Hence, there is a great deal of merit in establishing a well thought-out end-to-end release management process. Unfortunately, there are no detailed models encompassing the overall activities involved in such a process. To remedy this, in this paper, we outline a preliminary release management process model integrating two sides: vendor and acceptor side.
UTILIZING NEGOTIATION OF MULTI-AGENT ON SELECTING VEHICLE	PRIORITY
Authors: Kuo Jong Yih , Huang Fu-Chu
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the Argumentation Negotiation of agent as a mechanism for solving the intersection priority problem. We integrated multi-agent automatic negotiation mechanism and argumentation reasoning to apply in selecting vehicle priority problem. Agent's belief is evolved by argumentation-base negotiation, so that an agent can adopt the environment easily and select even better actions. When agents are initially created, they have little knowledge and experience with relatively low capability. They strive to adapt themselves to the changing environment. It is an advantage for agents have a good way to learn and evolve their knowledge. This paper addresses evolution of intelligent agents in transport information system. Fuzzy theory is proposed as evolution mechanisms, and Fuzzy soft goal is introduced to facilitate the evolution process. We have built an agent system to demonstrate our approach.
HIERARCHICAL MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF WEB HOSTING SYSTEM
Authors: Levin Mark Sh. , Sharov Stanislav Yu.
Published: November 2024

In the paper, hierarchical combinatorial synthesis of Web-hosting system is described. The composition problem is examined as analysis and selection of system component alternatives (e.g., hardware alternatives, software alternatives, communication alternatives). The modular design process is based on Hierarchical Morphological Multicriteria Design (HMMD) approach: (i) design of a tree-like model for the system, (ii) generation of design alternatives for each leaf node of the system model, (iii) generation of criteria and their scales for each node of the system model, (iv) assessment of the design alternatives upon the corresponding criteria, (v) multicriteria analysis of the alternatives for system components/parts to get ordinal estimates of quality for each design alternative, (vi) composing the selected alternatives into a resultant combination or a composite design alternative for the higher hierarchical level of the system model (while taking into account ordinal quality of the alternatives above and ordinal quality of compatibility between the alternatives). The multicriteria analysis of the design alternatives and their composition is based on a hierarchical Bottom-Up framework. A two-criteria combinatorial problem (morphological clique problem) is used for the composition and Pareto-effective solutions are searched for. An example of Web-hosting system consists of the following basic system parts: (a) facilities (servers, telecommunication facilities), (b) Internet access, (c) software part (Web server, Web technology). The set of basic criteria involves the following: price, reliability, scalability, stability of work, maintenance cost, etc. Numerical examples illustrate the system modeling and design processes.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN: A MESSAGE	PASSING INTERFACE PARALEL COMPUTING APPROACH WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Aksu Özgür , Kalınlı Adem
Published: November 2024

The world, we live and will live in the future, is Analog. Everything we can see, hear and perceive in life is Analog, from voice, music and seismic activity to visual perception, voice recognition and energy delivery. 20th Century scientists are still trying to understand and formulate world events. For this aim they have produced a system, which is different human machine language, name is Digital Systems. Digital Systems is only human known and used systems. If anything in the world is wanted to be done in digital language, firstly it has to be converted to digital language. After digital conversion if you find any results, you have to re convert results into Analog again, which is necessary for the real world, because world is absolutely Analog. Sometimes this method brings us solutions, but the 20th century designer scientists have reached some limits about creating answers in hard, long ways. Therefore it is impossible to fathom engineering real-life solutions without the help and support of high-performance Analog Electronics. If we have a universal solution, Analog, in our hands why do we prefer to use Digital Systems, Digital Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) systems? The only answer must be "we cannot know or understand all details in Analog Channel". At this point, this work is all about understanding and rebuilding fundamentals of Analog Channels for Electronic Systems. This is one of the most important engineering problems of our century. As a result, the aim of selecting this work is recreating models and autonomous real world testing system for new Analog Models, instead of Digital System Models. Selected solution method is development of the MPI parallel computing architecture, based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms. In this proposed model, we introduce an approach to develop a Message Passing Interface (MPI) Parallel Computing Architecture using Genetic Algorithms (GA). We validate our approach by applying the technique Analog Circuit Design technique.
environment monitoring system
Authors: Madni Azad M.
Published: November 2024

The generalized inverse is a subject of practical significance for estimating the solution of a system of linear equations under a wide variety of conditions. While the literature has ample references on the underlying mathematical theory and properties of the generalized inverse, it lacks a qualitative discussion of the generalized inverse that would facilitate the understanding of its properties under varying constraints. This paper discusses and develops the generalized inverse using heuristic arguments that offer key insights into its practical uses.
Prevalence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Cases on Panoramic Radiographs in 2022
Authors: Z Dimas Ahmad , P Shinta Amini , W Ickman Setoaji , Haksajiwo Valentino , N Mellani Cindera
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Tooth impaction is a condition when a tooth does not erupt, either partially or completely after the normal eruption time has passed. Mandibular third molars are one of the teeth most frequently impacted. Impacted third molars are classified according to Pell-Gregory and George Winter. Previous studies state that gender and age can influence impacted mandibular third molars. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cases of impacted mandibular third molars at the Dental and Oral Hospital of South Sumatra Province in 2022. Methods: This type of study is descriptive observational using 327 of the total population of 709 patient panoramic radiographs in 2022, and identified directly to see impacted mandibular third molars. Reliability testing was carried out using Cohen's Kappa analysis.
Results: Evaluation of 327 panoramic radiographs containing impacted mandibular third molars showed that the most common age category was 16-25 years with 229 cases (70.03), based on gender, female 193 cases (59.03%) and male 134 cases (40.97%). Based on the Winter classification, mandibular impaction is most found in the mesioangular position in tooth 38 (55.97%), tooth 48 (49.65%). Based on the Pell and Gregory classification, most mandibular impactions are found in position II A in tooth 38 (42.66%), 48 (44.70%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of cases of mandibular third molar impaction at the Dental and Oral Hospital of Sumatra Province was 46,12%, most commonly found in the 16-25 year age category,more frequently in women, and the position was mostly in the mesioangular category and position IIA.
Keywords: Impaction, mandibular third molar, panoramic.
Management of Tessier No. 2 Facial Cleft Using Millard Technique with Zig- Zag Ad-vancement Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Maharanii R.Aj Aulia , Nurwiadh Agus , Yusuf Harmas Yazid
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Craniofacial cleft is a rare congenital disorder that affects facial and skull.         development, with an incidence estimated between 1.4-4.9 per 100,000 births. This condition often results in significant complications such as feeding difficulties, impaired speech, hearing issues, and psychosocial challenges. Among craniofacial clefts, the oblique facial cleft, including Tessier No. 2 cleft, is the rarest and least documented. This cleft is characterized by specific soft and hard tissue deformities resulting from a failure of fusion among facial processes during embryonic development. Case: An 8-month-old female presented with a unilateral cleft of the lips, gums, and palate on the left side, accompanied by a Tessier No. 2 facial cleft. The patient's mother reported no history of teratogenic exposure or family history of clefts. Clinical examination revealed hypoplasia of the middle third of the nasal margin, a flattened lateral nose, a widened nasal bridge, and a deviated nasal septum. The patient was diagnosed with unilateral complete labiognatopalatoschizis accompanied by Tessier No. 2 cleft. Case Management: The patient was prepared for labioplasty under general anesthesia after meeting the "rules of ten" criteria (10 weeks old, 10 pounds, 10 grams/dl hemoglobin). The surgery was performed using the Millard technique with a zig-zag advancement flap to achieve optimal tissue coverage and symmetry. Postoperative care included antibiotics, pain management, and follow-up visits. At the 3-month follow-up, the surgical site showed good healing with no signs of infection or significant complications. Conclusion: Understanding the specific anatomy and pathophysiology of Tessier No. 2 clefts is essential for effective surgical planning and outcomes. The modified Millard technique provides satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, although challenges remain. Comprehensive postoperative management and long-term follow-up are crucial to monitor healing and address any complications. Further research and multidisciplinary.Keyword: Facial Cleft, Tessier 2, Millard Technique, Zig-zag Advancement Flap
Surgical Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Hemifacial Syndrome Patient Post Primary Cleft Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Thifal Dhia , Sylvyana Melita , Tasman Abel , Oktora Saptiadi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation resulting from an incomplete or incorrect fusion during embryonic development. Hemifacial syndrome is one of rare orofacial anomalies with midface hypoplasia. Maxillomandibular deformity repair for maxillary hypoplasia can be achieved by repositioning the maxilla and mandible to correct occlusion, mastication, functional issues, cosmetic concerns, and facial symmetry. The main concerns in the case of maxillary hypoplasia are the repair of transverse (narrowing of the maxilla), sagittal (anterior posterior), and vertical (facial proportion) aspects. This study aimed to elucidate the treatment for patients with maxillary hypoplasia by utilizing the surgical assessment of rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) following cleft lip and palate surgery.

Case Report: A 21-year-old female patient had symptoms of a truncated maxilla, compromised speech, and challenges with mastication and ingestion. The patient’s surgical history includes having undergone labioplasty, palatoplasty in 2002, and gnatoplasty in 2023. The recommended treatment for this situation involves SARME. The patient’s speaking and feeding difficulties were caused by both transversal and vertical problems in the patient with maxillary hypoplasia. This is why the therapy was necessary.

Case Management: Implementation of surgical assessment rapid maxillary expansion (SARME).

Conclusions: This case report concludes a notable improvement in the upper and lower jaw’s functional, masticatory, and aesthetic aspects in a patient with maxillary hypoplasia. This improvement was achieved with surgical assisted of rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) following primary cleft lip and palate surgery.

Keywords: Cleft lip and palate, Hemifacial syndrome, SARME
Psycho Ophthalmology: The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Prakash Uttam , Mohammad Yasir
Published: November 2024

Background: Psycho-ophthalmology is an interdisciplinary field examining the connections between psychiatric and ocular health. This study investigates the prevalence of ocular symptoms in psychiatric patients, ocular side effects from psychotropic medications, and the psychological impact of chronic eye conditions.
Methods: A sample of 100 patients with coexisting psychiatric and ophthalmologic conditions was studied over one year at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna. Data collection included psychiatric evaluations, ophthalmologic examinations, and medication reviews.
Results: Seventy percent of patients with depression and 60% with anxiety experienced ophthalmologic symptoms, primarily dry eye and blurred vision. Fifty percent of patients on antipsychotics reported side effects, including increased intraocular pressure. Patients with age-related macular degeneration (80%) and diabetic retinopathy (70%) had significant psychological impacts, reporting high levels of depression and anxiety.
Conclusion: Findings support a strong bidirectional relationship between mental and visual health, underscoring the need for integrated care. Patients with psychiatric conditions and chronic ocular diseases benefit from interdisciplinary approaches, enhancing outcomes and quality of life.
Keywords: Psycho-ophthalmology, psychiatry, ophthalmology, interdisciplinary care
Psychiatric Aspects of Ophthalmic Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mohammad Yasir , Kumar Vivek , Prakash Uttam
Published: November 2024

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, are common among patients with ophthalmic disorders due to the psychological impact of visual impairment on quality of life. This study aims to explore the prevalence and nature of psychiatric symptoms in patients with various eye conditions.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna, involving 100 patients diagnosed with ophthalmic disorders. Psychiatric assessments were performed using standardized tools, including the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, to evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The impact of visual impairment severity on quality of life was measured using the NEI-VFQ-25.
Results: Depression was present in 40% of patients, and anxiety in 35%. Patients with severe visual impairment reported lower quality of life scores and higher psychiatric symptom severity. Depression was most common in patients with age-related macular degeneration (50%) and diabetic retinopathy (60%), while anxiety was highest among glaucoma patients (48%).
Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in patients with ophthalmic disorders, highlighting the need for integrated mental health support. Early psychiatric assessment can improve outcomes and quality of life for these patients.
Keywords: Ophthalmic disorders, depression, anxiety, visual impairment
Die Ungebührlichkeit von Eingaben im Zivilprozess
Authors: Stoll Jean-Pascal
Published: November 2024

Parties and other participants in civil proceedings must maintain a certain degree of decorum in
their submissions. If a submission is improper, the CPC provides for a grace period for rectification.
The court also has other options at its discretion as to how it can deal with an improper submission.
Investigating the Effect of Iron Chelation Therapy With Deferasirox on Liver Aminotransferases Levels in Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia Patients
Authors:   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Pourkazem Shayan , Sharifi Rad Mohammadreza ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Baghersalimi Adel ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Salehi Soodeh ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Enshaei Mercedeh ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Aminzadeh Vahid ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Motamed Behrang ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Darbandi Bahram ,   Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Various body tissues of β-thalassemia patients are exposed to the destructive effects of iron overload due to chronic blood transfusions. Therefore, the decision to start regular blood transfusion therapy for these patients often leads to the administration of iron chelators. Deferasirox as an orally effective iron-chelating drug could cause some therapy-related adverse events, such as increased liver enzymes, serum creatinine, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Objective This study evaluates the effect of deferasirox on serum levels of ferritin and liver aminotransferases in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients.
Methods In this study, changes in the serum levels of ferritin and liver aminotransferases in β-thalassemia patients receiving deferasirox, who were referred to the thalassemia department of the 17 Shahrivar Hospital and Beesat Clinic in Rasht City, Iran, have been evaluated, retrospectively. In this regard, 104 β-thalassemia major patients over two years of age receiving regular blood transfusions and deferasirox for at least two consecutive years were enrolled. Information of patients, including age, sex, blood transfusion frequency, deferasirox administration duration and dosage, and serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes between baseline and at least two years after iron chelation therapy with deferasirox was recorded.
Results The decreased serum levels of ferritin (P=0.017), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.0001), and alanine aminotransferase (P=0.015) in the last blood testing after deferasirox therapy were statistically significant. However, there was no statistical significance between the decreased serum levels of liver aminotransferases and factors, including age, sex, blood transfusion frequency, duration, and dosage of deferasirox administration.
Conclusion After a few months of taking defrazirox, rather than causing mild and rare liver complications, it can have a protective role for the liver against iron overload in the body and significantly reduce liver aminotransferase.
The Combined Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Plant-based Diet on Body Composition in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran., Kazeminasab Fatemeh , Sabaghian Fatemeh ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Exercise and plant-based diets (PBD) have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve body composition, reduce metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and PBD on body composition in adults with overweight and obesity.
Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases on related studies published in English until February 2023. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and PBD on body composition. Data analysis was performed using a random effect model. Also, the confidence interval (CI) of 95% was considered. Also, the I2 test was used to measure heterogeneity.
Results The meta-analysis of 19 studies on 3279 adults showed that combined aerobic exercise and PBD significantly reduced body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-5.05 kg; 95 %CI, -6.05%, -4.05%, P=0.001), body mass index (WMD=-1.29 kg/m2, 95% CI, -1.65%, -0.92%, P=0.001), body fat percentage (WMD=-3.04%, 95%CI: -4.13 to -1.95, P=0.001), and waist circumference (WMD=-3.36 cm, 95% CI, -5.98%, -0.68%, P=0.01) in adults with overweight and obesity.
Conclusion The findings of studies showed the important role of aerobic exercise and PBD in reducing body fat percentage and improving body composition in adults with overweight or obesity. Therefore, aerobic exercise plus PBD are recommended as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce weight and improve body composition in obese adults.
A Review of 3D Bioprinting Technologies in the Reconstruction of Human Nasal Cartilaginous Tissue
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Rostamani Hosein , Fakhraei Omid ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Toosizadeh Khorasani Fatemeh ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Kelidari Narges ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Frequent nose defects due to inborn causes or accidents have increased the demand for rhinoplasty. In addition to a functional defect, nose defects are also known as aesthetic defects because the shape of the nose is one of the most prominent features that define the human face. Hence, common reconstruction methods could not meet the requirements caused by limitations.
Objective This study investigates the ability of different three-dimensional bioprinting methods to repair defects in the nose area.
Methods In this review study, articles available in ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, Cambridge, De Gruyter, and Google Scholar databases were used. The search was done using the following keywords: Tissue engineering, nasal cartilage, 3D bioprinting, and bioink materials. The search was done with a time limit of the last 4 years. Out of 300 eligible articles, 159 articles were finally reviewed.
Results Bioprinting has special potential for repairing nasal cartilaginous tissue. Hydrogels have become an excellent option for mimicking the microenvironment of the host tissue due to their porosity and ability to load different materials, as well as their ability to absorb water and encapsulate cells. On the other hand, the two main cell sources for tissue engineering of nasal cartilage are autologous chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells.
Conclusion Bioprinting technology can bio-mimic the cartilage host tissue to an acceptable degree morphologically, biochemically, and mechanically to be implanted surgically. Although the use of bioprinting at the clinical level still faces limitations, the prospect of this technology is promising since it can fix nasal defects with low cost, unique accuracy, and personalization.
The Neapolitan Republic of 1799 in the reports of the Russian diplomat V. V. Musin-Pushkin-Bryus: a new look at the source
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zaytseva Daria ,   State Academic University for the Humanities
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of a source stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire – the reports of Vasily Valentinovich Musin-Pushkin-Bruce, a Russian diplomat at the court of the Neapolitan king Ferdinand IV. Fleeing from the French troops approaching Naples, he went to Sicily after the royal court. From there, from the city of Palermo, Musin-Pushkin-Bruce wrote reports to the Russian emperor Paul I, in which he outlined the events taking place in southern Italy after the French captured Naples and established the Neapolitan Republic there in January 1799. This source was used by Russian researcher Galina Alekseevna Sibireva, who published the monograph “The Kingdom of Naples and Russia in the Last Quarter of the 18th Century” in 1981. However, due to the fact that Sibireva's focus was on the development of economic, political and cultural ties between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Naples, a number of events remained outside her interests, information about which we can glean from this source. The Musin-Pushkin-Bryus reports allow us to reveal such aspects as the social composition of the republican and anti-revolutionary forces, the importance of religion in the life of Neapolitan society and the role it played in the resistance of the population of Southern Italy to the republicans, and also to trace who organized the unrest in Sicily, which became an echo of the Neapolitan events.
Spanish guerilla of 1808-1814 according to the memoirs of Faddei Bulgarin
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Galeev Serafim
Published: November 2024

The War for Independence of Spain in 1808–1814 found a wide response in Russian society, which sympathetically followed the desperate resistance of the Iberian peoples and enthusiastically perceived the loud defeats of the Napoleonic army. Interest in the events of the war on the other side of Europe gave rise to a surge of numerous publications in the Russian press in the first half of the 19th century, among which were the memoirs of the then-novice journalist of Polish origin Faddei Bulgarin. They are unique in that the author was one of the few representatives of Russian society who was not only a direct eyewitness, but also a participant in the events of the Pyrenean War as military of Napoleon's army. “Memories of Spain” became a breakthrough work for the young writer: it was with this work that he began the conquest of the Russian literary Olympus. Excerpts of the work have been published in periodicals since 1821, and it was published in its entirety in 1823. The moment was chosen well – the attitude towards the Poles who served in the Napoleonic army was condescending at the end of the reign of Alexander I, the public reflection on the events of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaign of 1813 was active, interest in the personality and affairs of the recently deceased Napoleon was great. The work answered several author’s tasks at once: it was written simultaneously in a legitimist and liberal spirit, the author’s participation in the struggle against Spanish independence was fairly obscured by a fictional style with almost complete absence of a description of personal experience, the narrative was diluted with various stories in the spirit of a military anecdote, the reader’s request was satisfied with romanticism impregnating the text. Ultimately, with later reprints of the text, Bulgarin will rename it “The Picture of the Spanish War in the time of Napoleon”, as if renouncing the memoir character of the work. Despite all the above, the text contains very valuable and vivid sketches about the realities of the Spanish Guerilla, which may be of considerable interest for studies of the Iberian War.
Between the “People’s war” and the “War of peoples”: understanding the Napoleonic wars in Prussia and Austria 1813–1825
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Ragozin German
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with reflections on Napoleonic wars in official and public discourses and historiography of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire between 1813 and 1825. The German Liberation Wars breakout in early 1813 has set a question on conceptualizing the conflict and its expression. After the fall of Napoleon in 1815 reflections on the anti-French warfare and its outcomes became a subject of official historiography. The author analyzed official war manifestos of 1813; essays by Joseph von Hormayr and Ernst-Moritz Arndt published in 1813-1814 and historical works by Karl Christian von Leutsch in Prussia and by Joseph von Hormayr in Austria. Reflections on Napoleonic wars have demonstrated interference of “the people’s war” and “the war of peoples” with the “war for Fatherland and monarch”. During mobilization against Napoleon the “peoples’s war” turned out to be read differently by politicians, activists and historiographers of major German states, but having deep historical roots in German cultural space. Afterwards in Prussia the “people’s war” was tightly connected with “the war for Fatherland and monarch” and “the German mission” of the Kingdom. It shows us the impact from German national idea partly developed in Berlin between 1807 and 1814. On the contrary, in Austria “the people’s war” was read as a phase in war against Napoleon, which was meant to evolve into a “war of peoples” for restoring justice in Europe and Germany. The approach was mainly under an impact from conservatism and universalism.
Yellow vests: who were they?
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhidkova Alexandra
Published: November 2024

The “yellow vest” protests that happened in France during the period from the late 2018 to the first half of 2019 became one of the key events of E. Macron's first presidential term. The largest protest movement since 1968 was caused by a complex of socio-economic and political problems including the polarization of employment, the erosion of the middle class, the democratic deficit, and the expansion of forms of civic and political participation. The purpose of the article, which examines the socio-value portrait of the yellow vests consists of several aspects. First, the author demonstrates which socio-professional and age groups formed the core of the protest, and what were the reasons behind the protest. The issue of low representation of French youth among protesters is touched upon. Author traces the correlation between the involvement in the protest and the income level, place of living and key aspects of the perception of the economic and political situation in the country. The article shows the relationship between the emergence of the movement and long-term changes in the labor market, the polarization of the middle class and the increasing divergence between its lower and upper strata. The author of article analyzes the value portrait of the yellow vests and the correlation in the motivation of the protesters of materialistic and post-materialistic values. The analysis of the values of the “yellow vests” is based on a wide range of social surveys and data from the World Values Survey. Author shows how the request for “vests” combined materialistic demands and consumer desires with a request for visibility and the opportunity to have more influence on the socio-economic policy of the state. Finally, the study of the political positioning of the yellow vests allows us to look at the causes and meaning of the movement in a broader context.
From ruthless warriors to careless idlers: the evolution of the image of the Crimean Tatars in the French travelogues of 17th–19th centuries
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Khrapunov Nikita
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the evolution of the image of the Crimean Tatar warriors in the French travel writings from the Early Modern Period. The materials under research are writings of the French travellers in Eastern Europe. Some of them visited the Crimea, others viewed Crimean Tatars during military campaigns in present-day Ukraine. It has been demonstrated that initial image of the Crimean Tatars represented archetypical nomads, who “inherited” some features of Scythians and Huns from Greco-Roman tradition and the mediaeval Mongols as the “messengers of the Apocalypse.” The Tatars were viewed as ruthless warriors, ideally fit to severe conditions of the steppe, who used unusual ways of fighting, provisioning, and handling the “living booty.” It was supposed that most of the population of Northern Asia, or Tartary, had the same features. Aftert he Russian annexation of the Crimea, the image of the Crimean Tatars drastically changed. From that moment on, the Crimean Tatars were described as peaceful farmers, who lost their military valour to become “noble savages” of the Rousseauian tradition. Similarly to the most of ethnic stereotypes, this one was rather far from reality and demonstrated complexes and phobias of the Frenchmen.
Stop killing dogs! An episode from the 1814 campaign
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gladyshev Andrey
Published: November 2024

The article examines one of the characteristic episodes of the final stage of the Napoleonic Wars, namely the internal political struggle that unfolded in Besancon, besieged by the Austrians during the campaign of 1814. This political confrontation manifested itself in anonymous publications of various satirical epigrams, songs, poems, pamphlets. The most striking example of such literature was the so-called "dog petitions", the reason for the appearance of which was the order of the French Governor-General Marulaz on the complete elimination of stray dogs in the city. These animals were considered "useless mouths" and were subject to total extermination. No other motives for the extermination of dogs were reflected in the sources. Meanwhile, Besancon's urban society was already split under siege: in addition to the contradictions between the Governor-General and the prefect, there was a fierce confrontation between the military and municipal administrations, which had different priorities and interests. To these conflicts should be added the contradictions between Bonapartists and Royalists, which intensified with the approach of the armies of the Sixth Anti-French Coalition. The hidden royalist opposition intensified with the beginning of the siege. Its supporters included Baverel, a member of the city council, who preserved for posterity several samples of anti-government satirical literature. The works collected by Baverel testify to the popularity of the satirical genre in the society of that time. They also demonstrate the variety of methods of intellectual struggle, not to mention the fact that they encourage us to once again turn to a comprehensive analysis of the causes of the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, to study the role of royalists in this process and to assess the degree of public support for the emperor's policy.
Alexis de Tocqueville and the French conquest of Algeria: an anthropology of war and peace
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tanshina Natalia ,   MGIMO University
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the views of the famous liberal politician and thinker Alexis de Tocqueville on the problems of the conquest and colonization of Algeria during the July monarchy. Tocqueville's position is considered in its anthropological aspect, through the prism of the collision and interaction of two cultures and civilizations. This article is based on the documentary legacy of A. Tocqueville: his letters, journalism and reports. They were written based on his theoretical knowledge of Algeria and on the results of his travels to Algeria in 1841 and 1846. The article concludes that Tocqueville, a liberal thinker who combined the idea of liberalism with democracy, was a Machiavellian in the field of foreign policy. Tocqueville justified colonialism by the state interest. His colonialism was a logical extension of his liberal principles. Tocqueville was raised on the ideas of humanism and Enlightenment and condemned slavery as an institution that contradicted natural human rights and freedoms. However, he justified and allowed colonization for the possible domination of one people over another. He considered the Arabs and Kabyles to be semi-savage peoples and believed that France should carry out its civilizing mission towards them. Calling France's policy "barbaric", he justified the scorched-earth tactics that the French used in Algeria. This article also concludes on the evolution of Tocqueville's views. If in his works on Algeria in 1837 he believed in the possibility of peaceful coexistence of the Christian and Islamic worlds, then in the 1840s he was a staunch advocate of total military defeat and subjugation of the Algerian population. He insisted on the active colonization of Algeria, which should go hand in hand with its conquest.
How Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie did not become a micro-historian
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Togoeva Olga
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the work of the outstanding French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1929–2023), a pupil of Ernest Labrousse and Fernand Braudel, one of the oldest and most prominent representatives of the third generation of the «Annals»’ school. Paying tribute to the variety of scientific interests of the historian, the author of the article focused on one aspect of his work – on the definition of E. Le Roy Ladurie, which regularly appears in modern historiography, as a follower of microhistory in its French variation. According to the author of the article, several early monographs of the scientist allow researchers to draw a similar conclusion: «Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 à 1324» (1975), «Le Carnaval de Romans: de la Chandeleur au Mercredi des cendres (1579–1580)» (1979), «La Sorcière de Jasmin» (1980). Nevertheless, the analysis of the methodology proposed in these works forces us to see in E. Le Roy Ladurie a specialist primarily in «fixed history», which in turn refers to the works of Cl. Levi-Strauss and E. E. Evans-Pritchard and allows us to take a fresh look at the phenomenon of the «Long Middle Ages».