bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTRATÉGIAS TECNOLÓGICAS PARA FORMULAÇÕES DE ANFOTERICINA B EM SISTEMAS LIPÍDICOS DISPONÍVEIS NO MERCADO FARMACÊUTICO E OUTROS PROMISSORES SISTEMAS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Arruda Gustavo Julio Borges , Rossanezi Gustavo , Scarpa Maria Virginia , Egito Erivaldo Socrates Tabosa do , Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de
Published: July 2016

A anfotericina B (AmB) é um fármaco antifúngico utilizado no tratamento de micoses sistêmicas desde sua descoberta nos anos de 1950. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o estado da arte das estratégias tecnológicas envolvidas nas formas de administração da AmB, nas intervenções diretas nos aspectos de melhoria de solubilidade do fármaco, que possibilitem sua administração por via intravenosa (iv) e minimizem sua toxicidade. Devido à limitada utilidade clínica do sal de desoxicolato (Fungizon®) em razão de sua alta toxicidade, sistemas de liberação mais eficientes foram desenvolvidos. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas as principais formulações disponíveis no mercado farmacêutico e outras formulações lipídicas promissoras, as quais se mostraram mais eficazes como veículos de solubilização e menos tóxicas quando comparadas com a AmB esoxicolato, mas ainda não fazem parte da rotina hospitalar para o tratamento de micoses profundas.
Rutgers' 1870 Centennial Celebration and Other Charter-Related Puzzles
Authors: Radick Caryn
Published: July 2016

As Rutgers celebrates its 250th anniversary, this article looks back at other moments of celebration in its history, particularly its centennial celebration and the first Charter Day. It discusses how, after celebrating the centennial in the "wrong" year, the Rutgers community came to have a better understanding of its own founding and history. This article examines how Charter Day came into being, and demonstrates the impact of Rutgers' acquisition of a contemporaneous copy of its second charter (from 1770).
From Queen's College to Rutgers College
Authors: Frusciano Thomas J.
Published: July 2016

Why is Rutgers University named for a wealthy bachelor who resided in New York City? What was his involvement with the institution of higher learning we now call Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey? To understand why this lifelong New Yorker supported a small denominational college in New Brunswick, we must examine what took place following the American Revolution and during in the early years of the 19th century.

 
Rutgers History in the Journal of the Rutgers University Libraries: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Sewell Robert G.
Published: July 2016

From its beginnings, the Journal of the Rutgers University Libraries has published many articles that illuminate the history of Rutgers, with its singular history in U.S. higher education. This article presents a selected annotated bibliography of more than 100 Journal articles related to the history of Rutgers.
Cover and Table of Contents
Authors: Sewell Robert G.
Published: July 2016

The cover image is a portrait of Colonel Henry Rutgers by Henry Inman. Photo by Nick Romanenko.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzofuran-acetamide scaffold as potential anticonvulsant agent
Authors: Shakya Ashok K. , Kamal Mehnaz , Balaramnavar Vishal M. , Bardaweel Sanna K. , Naik Rajashri R. , Saxena Anil K. , Siddiqui H. H.
Published: July 2016

A series of N-(2-(benzoyl/4-chlorobenzoyl)-benzofuran- 3-yl)-2-(substituted)-acetamide derivatives (4a-l, 5a-l) was synthesized in good yield. All synthesized compounds were in agreement with elemental and spectral data. The anticonvulsant activity of all synthesized compounds was assessed against the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) model in mice. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using the rotarod method. The majority of compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 body mass during 0.5-4 h, indicating their ability to prevent seizure spread at low doses. Relative to phenytoin, [N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(cyclohexyl( methyl) amino)-acetamide] (5i) and [N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1- yl)-acetamide] (5c) demonstrated comparable relative anticonvulsant potency of 0.74 and 0.72, respectively, whereas [(N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamide] (5f) exhibited the lowest relative potency of 0.16. The ALD50 of tested compounds ranged from 1.604 to 1.675 mmol kg-1 body mass. The ED50 of synthesized compounds ranged from 0.055 to 0.259 mmol kg-1 (~23.4 to 127.6 mg kg-1) body mass. The pharmacophore mapping of the examined compounds on standard drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, ralitolin and carbamazepine) strongly suggests that these compounds may exert their anticonvulsant activity via the same established mechanism as that of known drugs.
An optimal path planning problem for heterogeneous multi-vehicle systems
Authors: Klaučo Martin , Blažek Slavomír , Kvasnica Michal
Published: July 2016

A path planning problem for a heterogeneous vehicle is considered. Such a vehicle consists of two parts which have the ability to move individually, but one of them has a shorter range and is therefore required to keep in a close distance to the main vehicle. The objective is to devise an optimal path of minimal length under the condition that at least one part of the heterogeneous system visits all desired waypoints exactly once. Two versions of the problem are considered. One assumes that the order in which the waypoints are visited is known a priori. In such a case we show that the optimal path can be found by solving a mixed-integer second-order cone problem. The second version assumes that the order in which the waypoints are visited is not known a priori, but can be optimized so as to shorten the length of the path. Two approaches to solve this problem are presented and evaluated with respect to computational complexity.
Dynamic optimal grasping of a circular object with gravity using robotic soft-fingertips
Authors: García-Rodríguez Rodolfo , Segovia-Palacios Victor , Parra-Vega Vicente , Villalva-Lucio Marco
Published: July 2016

Object manipulation usually requires dexterity, encoded as the ability to roll, which is very difficult to achieve with robotic hands based on point contact models (subject to holonomic constraints). As an alternative for dexterous manipulation, deformable contact with hemispherical shape fingertips has been proposed to yield naturally a rolling constraint. It entails dexterity at the expense of dealing with normal and tangential forces, as well as more elaborated models and control schemes. Furthermore, the essential feature of the quality of grasp can be addressed with this type of robot hands, but it has been overlooked for deformable contact. In this paper, a passivity-based controller that considers an optimal grasping measure is proposed for robotic hands with hemispherical deformable fingertips, to manipulate circular dynamic objects. Optimal grasping that minimizes the contact wrenches is achieved through fingertip rolling until normal forces pass through the center of mass of the object, aligning the relative angle between these normal forces. The case of a circular object is developed in detail, though our proposal can be extended to objects with an arbitrary shape that admit a local decomposition by a circular curvature. Simulation and experimental results show convergence under various conditions, wherein rolling and tangent forces become instrumental to achieve such a quality of grasp.
The control of drilling vibrations: A coupled PDE-ODE modeling approach
Authors: Saldivar Belem , Mondié Sabine , Ávila Vilchis Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

The main purpose of this contribution is the control of both torsional and axial vibrations occurring along a rotary oilwell drilling system. The model considered consists of a wave equation coupled to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) through a nonlinear function describing the rock-bit interaction. We propose a systematic method to design feedback controllers guaranteeing ultimate boundedness of the system trajectories and leading consequently to the suppression of harmful dynamics. The proposal of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional provides stability conditions stated in terms of the solution of a set of linear and bilinear matrix inequalities (LMIs, BMIs). Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency of the obtained control laws.
Optimization of the service strategy in a queueing system with energy harvesting and customers’ impatience
Authors: Dudin Alexander , Lee Moon Ho , Dudin Sergey
Published: July 2016

A single-server queueing system with an infinite buffer is considered. The service of a customer is possible only in the presence of at least one unit of energy, and during the service the number of available units decreases by one. New units of energy arrive in the system at random instants of time if the finite buffer for maintenance of energy is not full. Customers are impatient and leave the system without service after a random amount of waiting time. Such a queueing system describes, e.g., the operation of a sensor node which harvests energy necessary for information transmission from the environment. Aiming to minimize the loss of customers due to their impatience (and maximize the throughput of the system), a new strategy of control by providing service is proposed. This strategy suggests that service temporarily stops if the number of customers or units of energy in the system becomes zero. The server is switched off (is in sleep mode) for some time. This time finishes (the server wakes up) if both the number of customers in the buffer and the number of energy units reach some fixed threshold values or when the number of energy units reaches some threshold value and there are customers in the buffer. Arrival flows of customers and energy units are assumed to be described by an independent Markovian arrival process. The service time has a phase-type distribution. The system behavior is described by a multi-dimensional Markov chain. The generator of this Markov chain is derived. The ergodicity condition is presented. Expressions for key performance measures are given. Numerical results illustrating the dependence of a customer’s loss probability on the thresholds defining the discipline of waking up the server are provided. The importance of the account of correlation in arrival processes is numerically illustrated.
A discrete-time queueing system with changes in the vacation times
Authors: Atencia Ivan
Published: July 2016

This paper considers a discrete-time queueing system in which an arriving customer can decide to follow a last come first served (LCFS) service discipline or to become a negative customer that eliminates the one at service, if any. After service completion, the server can opt for a vacation time or it can remain on duty. Changes in the vacation times as well as their associated distribution are thoroughly studied. An extensive analysis of the system is carried out and, using a probability generating function approach, steady-state performance measures such as the first moments of the busy period of the queue content and of customers delay are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples to show the influence of the parameters on several performance characteristics are given.
An ɴ-ary λ-averaging based similarity classifier
Authors: Kurama Onesfole , Luukka Pasi , Collan Mikael
Published: July 2016

We introduce a new n-ary λ similarity classifier that is based on a new n-ary λ-averaging operator in the aggregation of similarities. This work is a natural extension of earlier research on similarity based classification in which aggregation is commonly performed by using the OWA-operator. So far λ-averaging has been used only in binary aggregation. Here the λ-averaging operator is extended to the n-ary aggregation case by using t-norms and t-conorms. We examine four different n-ary norms and test the new similarity classifier with five medical data sets. The new method seems to perform well when compared with the similarity classifier.
Content-based image retrieval using a signature graph and a self-organizing map
Authors: Van Thanh The , Le Thanh Manh
Published: July 2016

In order to effectively retrieve a large database of images, a method of creating an image retrieval system CBIR (contentbased image retrieval) is applied based on a binary index which aims to describe features of an image object of interest. This index is called the binary signature and builds input data for the problem of matching similar images. To extract the object of interest, we propose an image segmentation method on the basis of low-level visual features including the color and texture of the image. These features are extracted at each block of the image by the discrete wavelet frame transform and the appropriate color space. On the basis of a segmented image, we create a binary signature to describe the location, color and shape of the objects of interest. In order to match similar images, we provide a similarity measure between the images based on binary signatures. Then, we present a CBIR model which combines a signature graph and a self-organizing map to cluster and store similar images. To illustrate the proposed method, experiments on image databases are reported, including COREL,Wang and MSRDI.
A connectionist computational method for face recognition
Authors: Pujol Francisco A. , Mora Higinio , Girona-Selva José A.
Published: July 2016

In this work, a modified version of the elastic bunch graph matching (EBGM) algorithm for face recognition is introduced. First, faces are detected by using a fuzzy skin detector based on the RGB color space. Then, the fiducial points for the facial graph are extracted automatically by adjusting a grid of points to the result of an edge detector. After that, the position of the nodes, their relation with their neighbors and their Gabor jets are calculated in order to obtain the feature vector defining each face. A self-organizing map (SOM) framework is shown afterwards. Thus, the calculation of the winning neuron and the recognition process are performed by using a similarity function that takes into account both the geometric and texture information of the facial graph. The set of experiments carried out for our SOM-EBGM method shows the accuracy of our proposal when compared with other state-of the-art methods.
Data mining methods for prediction of air pollution
Authors: Siwek Krzysztof , Osowski Stanisław
Published: July 2016

The paper discusses methods of data mining for prediction of air pollution. Two tasks in such a problem are important: generation and selection of the prognostic features, and the final prognostic system of the pollution for the next day. An advanced set of features, created on the basis of the atmospheric parameters, is proposed. This set is subject to analysis and selection of the most important features from the prediction point of view. Two methods of feature selection are compared. One applies a genetic algorithm (a global approach), and the other-a linear method of stepwise fit (a locally optimized approach). On the basis of such analysis, two sets of the most predictive features are selected. These sets take part in prediction of the atmospheric pollutants PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3. Two approaches to prediction are compared. In the first one, the features selected are directly applied to the random forest (RF), which forms an ensemble of decision trees. In the second case, intermediate predictors built on the basis of neural networks (the multilayer perceptron, the radial basis function and the support vector machine) are used. They create an ensemble integrated into the final prognosis. The paper shows that preselection of the most important features, cooperating with an ensemble of predictors, allows increasing the forecasting accuracy of atmospheric pollution in a significant way.
A branch hash function as a method of message synchronization in anonymous P2P conversations
Authors: Kobusińska Anna , Brzeziński Jerzy , Boroń Michał , Inatlewski Łukasz , Jabczyński Michał , Maciejewski Mateusz
Published: July 2016

Currently existing solutions rarely protect message integrity, authenticity and user anonymity without burdening the user with details of key management. To address this problem, we present Aldeon-a protocol for anonymous group conversations in a peer-to-peer system. The efficiency of Aldeon is based on a novel tree synchronization algorithm, which is proposed and discussed in this paper. By using this algorithm, a significant reduction in the number of exchanged messages is achieved. In the paper, the formal definition of the proposed hash branch function and the proof of its efficiency are presented.
Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of Tribological Properties of Railway Rails with and without Heat Treatment
Authors: Bąkowski H. , Piwnik J.
Published: July 2016

The paper provides a comprehensive presentation of the influence of operating parameters on the tribological properties of the wheel-rail couple. Apart from wear and a friction coefficient, the tribological properties also comprise stereological parameters of flaky wear products. The tribological tests were carried out according to an experimental plan, which took account of the complex influence of operational factors on the size and shape of flaky wear products. This enabled defining the type and intensity of wear, depending on the variable operational parameters. In order to explain the wear mechanism, quantitative, qualitative, and profilographometric metallographic examinations were made.
Synthesis of Niti Based Nanocomposites Reinforced by Ha Addition
Authors: Niespodziana K. , Jurczyk K. , Jurczyk M.
Published: July 2016

NiTi alloy is well known for its unique properties, such as good ductility at room temperature, good corrosion resistance and also thermal shape memory effects. On the other hand hydroxyapatite has a combination of desirable properties, such as low density and excellent compatibility with the bone which used as ceramic reinforced phases can change the properties and thermal stability of the NiTi alloy.

In this study, the NiTi alloy matrix shape memory composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite particles was successfully fabricated using mechanical alloying and powder metallurgical process. The structural evaluation of milled and heat treated powders was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the phase transformation temperatures. The porosity, Vickers’ hardness and corrosion resistance of the TiNi-HA composites were investigated. The results show that the increase of the weight ratio of hydroxyapatite causes increase the porosity and decrease the corrosion resistance. The fabricated NiTi alloy matrix composite possesses lower density and higher Vickers’ hardness as the pure NiTi shape memory alloy, yet still exhibiting the shape memory effect.
Influence of the Sr and Mg Alloying Additions on the Bonding Between Matrix and Reinforcing Particles in the AlSi7Mg/SiC-Cg Hybrid Composite
Authors: Dolata A. J. , Dyzia M. , Boczkal S.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the work was to perform adequate selection of the phase composition of the composite designated for permanent - mould casting air compressor pistons. The hybrid composites based on AlSi7Mg matrix alloy reinforced with mixture of silicon carbide (SiC) and glassy carbon (Cg) particles were fabricated by the stir casting method. It has been shown that the proper selection of chemical composition of matrix alloy and its modification by used magnesium and strontium additions gives possibility to obtain both the advantageous casting properties of composite suspensions as well as good bonding between particles reinforcements and matrix.
The Influence of Technological Conditions of the Process of Cogging in Flat Dies on the Quality of Two-Phase Titanium Alloys
Authors: Dyja Н. , Тukibay А.А. , Mashekov S.A.
Published: July 2016

To create a rational technology of cogging process and to determinate the optimal values of the angles of tilt and single reduction the stress-strain state (SSS) of the blank during cogging in the flat dies was analyzed. By using the finite element method and program MSC.SuperForge quantitative data are obtained and the basic patterns of distribution of SSS, the temperature during the simulation of tilting in flat dies with different angles of tilting and the amount of reduction were established. Sustainable experimental-industrial technology of forging of two-phase titanium alloys was developed and tested.
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Welded Joint Made of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Environment Containing Sulfane
Authors: Jonšta P. , Váňová P. , Brožová S. , Pustějovská P. , Sojka J. , Jonšta Z. , Ingaldi M.
Published: July 2016

The work is focused on evaluation of resistance of the welded joint made of supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5Mo stainless steel to sulfide stress cracking. Testing method A and solution B in accordance with NACE TM 0177 were used. All the testing samples were ruptured in a very short time interval but welded joint samples were fractured primarily in the weld metal or in heat affected zone and not in the basic material. Material analysis of samples were made with use of a ZEISS NEOPHOT 32 light microscope and a JEOL 6490LV scanning electron microscope.
Effect of Laser Feeding on Heat Treated Aluminium Alloy Surface Properties
Authors: Labisz K. , Tański T. , Janicki D. , Borek W. , Lukaszkowicz K. , Dobrzański L. A.
Published: July 2016

In this paper are presented the investigation results concerning microstructure as well as mechanical properties of the surface layer of cast aluminium-silicon-copper alloy after heat treatment alloyed and/ or remelted with SiC ceramic powder using High Power Diode Laser (HPDL). For investigation of the achieved structure following methods were used: light and scanning electron microscopy with EDS microanalysis as well as mechanical properties using Rockwell hardness tester were measured. By mind of scanning electron microscopy, using secondary electron detection was it possible to determine the distribution of ceramic SiC powder phase occurred in the alloy after laser treatment. After the laser surface treatment carried out on the previously heat treated aluminium alloys, in the structure are observed changes concerning the distribution and morphology of the alloy phases as well as the added ceramic powder, these features influence the hardness of the obtained layers. In the structure, there were discovered three zones: the remelting zone (RZ) the heat influence zone (HAZ) and transition zone, with different structure and properties. In this paper also the laser treatment conditions: the laser power and ceramic powder feed rate were investigated. The surface laser structure changes in a manner, that there zones are revealed in the form of. This carried out investigations make it possible to develop, interesting technology, which could be very attractive for different branches of industry.
Characterization of Nanometric-Sized Carbides Formed During Tempering of Carbide-Steel Cermets
Authors: Matus K. , Pawlyta M. , Matula G. , Gołombek K.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this article of this paper is to present issues related to characterization of nanometric-sized carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides formed during tempering of carbide-steel cermets. Closer examination of those materials is important because of hardness growth of carbide-steel cermet after tempering. The results obtained during research show that the upswing of hardness is significantly higher than for high-speed steels. Another interesting fact is the displacement of secondary hardness effect observed for this material to a higher tempering temperature range. Determined influence of the atmosphere in the sintering process on precipitations formed during tempering of carbide-steel cermets. So far examination of carbidesteel cermet produced by powder injection moulding was carried out mainly in the scanning electron microscope. A proper description of nanosized particles is both important and difficult as achievements of nanoscience and nanotechnology confirm the significant influence of nanocrystalline particles on material properties even if its mass fraction is undetectable by standard methods. The following research studies have been carried out using transmission electron microscopy, mainly selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The obtained results and computer simulations comparison were made.
Forecasting the Particle Diameter Size Distribution in P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) Steel After Long-Term Ageing at 600 and 650 °C
Authors: Zieliński A. , Sroka M. , Miczka M. , Śliwa A.
Published: July 2016

The investigations on microstructure of P92 steel in the as-received condition and after 105h ageing at 600 and 650 °C were carried out. For the recorded images of microstructure, the quantitative analysis of precipitates was performed. On that basis, a statistical analysis of collected data was made with the aim of estimating parameters of selected theoretical statistical distribution. Then, the forecast for average precipitate diameter and standard deviation of such a distribution for the time of 1,5*105h at 600 and 650 °C was calculated. The obtained results of investigations confirm the possibility of using, in evaluation of degradation degree for materials in use, the forecasting methods derived from mathematical statistics, in particular the theory of stochastic processes and methods of forecasting by analogy.
Corrosion Resistance, EIS and Wettability of the Implants Made of 316 LVM Steel Used in Chest Deformation Treatment
Authors: Kajzer A. , Kajzer W. , Gołombek K. , Knol M. , Dzielicki J. , Walke W.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the influence of mechanical surface damage on the physicochemical properties of plates after implantation made of CrNiMo stainless steel, used in the treatment of anterior surface deformity of the chest. Analysis of the data allowed us to investigate the effect of implant design and condition of their surface on the results of chest deformation treatment. Results of electrochemical, impedance and surface wettability tests and SEM observations were compared with clinical observations. When removing the plates we found only slight inflammatory-periosteal reactions. On the basis of obtained results, it can be stated that plates, in spite of mechanical damage of the surface, were characterized by good corrosion resistance, a fact which is confirmed by the results of clinical evaluation.
Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of TIG and A-TIG Welded Joints of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel S82441 / 1.4662
Authors: Brytan Z. , Niagaj J.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents results of pitting corrosion resistance of TIG (autogenous and with filler metal) and A-TIG welded lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 evaluated according to ASTM G48 method, where autogenous TIG welding process was applied using different amounts of heat input and shielding gases like pure Ar and Ar+N2 and Ar+He mixtures. The results of pitting corrosion resistance of the welded joints of lean duplex stainless steel S82441 were studied in as weld conditions and after different mechanical surface finish treatments. The results of the critical pitting temperature (CPT) determined according to ASTM G48 at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C were presented. Three different surface treatment after welding were applied: etching, milling, brushing + etching. The influence of post weld surface treatment was studied in respect to the pitting corrosion resistance, basing on CPT temperature.

Research on TIG welding of lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 showed a clear influence of the applied shielding gas mixtures, where the addition of 5 to 15% N2 to Ar virtually no effect on the level of resistance to pitting corrosion, only 5% N2 addition has a positive effect, while use of a mixture of 50% Ar + 50% He compared with welding at 100% Ar atmosphere, can significantly reduce the resistance to pitting corrosion. Definite good results were obtained during TIG welding with the participation of activation flux (A-TIG). The weld surface of lean duplex stainless S82441/1.4662 obtained in A-TIG welding without the addition of filler metal has a much lower tendency to pitting corrosion than traditional welds made by TIG method. Pitting corrosion resistance of welds made by A-TIG improved with the increase of the heat input in the tested range of welding current 100-200 A. It was also found that the intensity of the occurrence of pitting does not affect the method of cleaning welds after welding, but the mechanical removal of a thin surface layer of metal significantly reduces their intensity.
Carbon Nanotubes Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application
Authors: Drygała A. , Dobrzański L. A. , Szindler M. , Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M. , Pawlyta M. , Lukaszkowicz K.
Published: July 2016

The influence of the carbon nanotubes counter electrode deposited on the FTO glass substrates on the structure and optoelectrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells counter electrode (CE) was analysed. Carbon materials have been applied in DSSC s in order to produce low-cost solar cells with reasonable efficiency. Platinum is a preferred material for the counter electrode because of its high conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the costs of manufacturing of the platinum counter electrode limit its use to large-scale applications in solar cells. This paper presents the results of examining the structure and properties of the studied layers, defining optical properties of conductive layers and electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured with the use of carbon nanotubes.

Such counter electrodes are promising for the future fabrication of stable, low-cost and effective dye-sensitized solar cells.
Corrosion Resistance and Pitting Behaviour of Low-Carbon High-Mn Steels in Chloride Solution
Authors: Grajcar A. , Grzegorczyk B. , Kozłowska A.
Published: July 2016

Corrosion resistance of the X4MnSiAlNbTi27-4-2 and X6MnSiAlNbTi26-3-3 type austenitic steels, after hot deformation as well as after cold rolling, were evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization tests. A type of nonmetallic inclusions and their pitting corrosion behaviour were investigated. Additionally, the effect of cold deformation on the corrosion resistance of high-Mn steels was studied. The SEM micrographs revealed that corrosion damage formed in both investigated steels is characterized by various shapes and an irregular distribution at the metallic matrix, independently on the steel state (thermomechanically treated or cold worked). Corrosion pits are generated both in grain interiors, grain boundaries and along the deformation bands. Moreover, corrosion damage is stronger in cold deformed steels in comparison to the thermomechanically treated specimens. EDS analysis revealed that corrosion pits preferentially nucleated on MnS and AlN inclusions or complex oxysulphides. The morphology of corrosion damage in 3.5% NaCl supports the data registered in potentiodynamic tests.
Nano-Scale Structure Investigation of Vapour Deposited AlCrSiN Coating Using Transmission Electron Microscope Techniques
Authors: Lukaszkowicz K. , Labisz K. , Basiaga M. , Jonda E.
Published: July 2016

The investigations concerned the structural analysis of the AlCrSiN coating deposited by arc Physical Vapour Deposition method on the X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel substrate. The deposition process was carried out on a device equipped with a technique of lateral, rotating cathodes. The nano/microstructure, phase identification and chemical state of the coating were analysed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the investigated coatings have nanostructured nature consisting of fine crystallites. The fractographic tests were made using the scanning electron microscope and allow to state, that the coating was deposited uniformly and tightly adhere to the substrate material. In the work is presented the nature of a transition zone between the produced AlCrSiN coating and substrate material.
Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide–Copper Composites
Authors: Duda P. , Muzyka R. , Robak Z. , Kaptacz S.
Published: July 2016

Due to their characteristics, sintered Cu-C composites are materials used in electrical equipment. These characteristics include high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and excellent resistance to abrasion. Currently, graphite nanopowder is used successfully as a carbon material. Metal-graphite, which is created on its basis, exists in different proportions of graphite to metal. A larger graphite content has a positive effect on smaller wear of commutators and rings. In contrast, a material with a higher copper content is used at high current densities. An example of such machines is a DC motor starter characterized by low voltage and large current.

Tribological properties of Cu-C composites depend on the form of carbon they include. Owing to the capability to manufacture graphene, it has become possible to produce composites with its content. The present study tested the effect of a graphene oxide content on tribological properties in contact with steel. Tests were conducted on a ball-on-disk apparatus in conditions of dry friction. Microscopic observation was performed on the Hitachi SU70 field emission electron microscope. EDS analyses were performed using the Thermo Scientific X-ray Microanalysis system. Disk wear and surface geometrical structure parameters (SGP) of the samples after tribological tests were determined on the basis of measurements made on the Talysurf 3D contact profilometer from Taylor Hobson.
Rapid Prototyping: Technologies, Materials and Advances
Authors: Dudek P. , Rapacz-Kmita A.
Published: July 2016

In the context of product development, the term rapid prototyping (RP) is widely used to describe technologies which create physical prototypes directly from digital data. Recently, this technology has become one of the fastest-growing methods of manufacturing parts. The paper provides brief notes on the creation of composites using RP methods, such as stereolithography, selective laser sintering or melting, laminated object modelling, fused deposition modelling or three-dimensional printing. The emphasis of this work is on the methodology of composite fabrication and the variety of materials used in these technologies.
Manufacturing of Porous Ceramic Preforms Based on Halloysite Nanotubes (Hnts)
Authors: Kujawa M. , Dobrzański L. A. , Matula G. , Kremzer M. , Tomiczek B.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of manufacturing conditions on the structure and properties of porous halloysite preforms, which during pressure infiltration were soaked with a liquid alloy to obtain a metal matrix composite reinforced by ceramic, and also to find innovative possibilities for the application of mineral nanotubes obtained from halloysite. The method of manufacturing porous ceramic preforms (based on halloysite nanotubes) as semi-finished products that are applicable to modern infiltrated metal matrix composites was shown. The ceramic preforms were manufactured by sintering of halloysite nanotubes (HNT), Natural Nano Company (USA), with the addition of pores and canals forming agent in the form of carbon fibres (Sigrafil C10 M250 UNS SGL Group, the Carbon Company). The resulting porous ceramic skeletons, suggest innovative application capabilities mineral nanotubes obtained from halloysite.
Influence of Milling Time on the Crystallite Size of AlSi5Cu2/SiC Composite Powder
Authors: Suśniak M. , Pałka P. , Karwan-Baczewska J.
Published: July 2016

AlSi5Cu2/SiC nanocrystalline composite powder was successfully obtained by mechanical alloying of AlSi5Cu2 chips with reinforcement of 0, 10, 15, 20 wt. % of silicon carbide. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize obtained material. Detailed analyses using transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been conducted in order to collaborate the grain size measurement determined from the XRD analyses. Powders produced in a planetary ball mill with milling time: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 hours, have shown shape and size evaluation during mechanical alloying process. It can be seen tendency to decrease the size of the grain as the milling time is increased. It is also noted that the grains of composites (AlSi5Cu2/SiC) are smaller than samples prepares without SiC addition. 40 hours of milling lead to formed very small grains of Al phase (20 nm in average) in composite powder.
Calculation of Critical Temperatures by Empirical Formulae
Authors: Trzaska J.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents formulas used to calculate critical temperatures of structural steels. Equations that allow calculating temperatures Ac1, Ac3, Ms and Bs were elaborated based on the chemical composition of steel. To elaborate the equations the multiple regression method was used. Particular attention was paid to the collection of experimental data which was required to calculate regression coefficients, including preparation of data for calculation. The empirical data set included more than 500 chemical compositions of structural steel and has been prepared based on information available in literature on the subject.
Growth and Characterisation of Pulsed-Laser Deposited Tin Thin Films on Cube-Textured Copper at Different Temperatures
Authors: Szwachta G. , Gajewska M. , Kąc S.
Published: July 2016

High-quality titanium nitride thin films have been grown on a cube-textured copper surface via pulsed laser deposition. The growth of TiN thin films has been very sensitive to pre-treatment procedure and substrate temperature. It is difficult to grow heteroexpitaxial TiN films directly on copper tape due to large differences in lattice constants, thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials as well as polycrystalline structure of substrate. The X-Ray diffraction measurement revealed presence of high peaks belonged to TiN(200) and TiN(111) thin films, depending on used etcher of copper surface. The electron diffraction patterns of TiN(200)/Cu films confirmed the single-crystal nature of the films with cube-on-cube epitaxy. The high-resolution microscopy on our films revealed sharp interfaces between copper and titanium nitride with no presence of interfacial reaction.
Composite Coatings with Ceramic Matrix Including Nanomaterials as Solid Lubricants for Oil-Less Automotive Applications
Authors: Posmyk A. , Myalski J. , Hekner B.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the theoretical basis of manufacturing and chosen applications of composite coatings with ceramic matrix containing nanomaterials as a solid lubricant (AHC+NL). From a theoretical point of view, in order to reduce the friction coefficient of sliding contacts, two materials are required, i.e. one with a high hardness and the other with low shear strength. In case of composite coatings AHC+NL the matrix is a very hard and wear resistant anodic oxide coating (AHC) whereas the solid lubricant used is the nanomaterial (NL) featuring a low shear strength such as glassy carbon nanotubes (GC). Friction coefficient of cast iron GJL-350 sliding against the coating itself is much higher (0.18-0.22) than when it slides against a composite coating (0.08-0.14). It is possible to reduce the friction due to the presence of carbon nanotubes, or metal nanowires.
Perovskite La1-xSrxFeO3 Thin Films Deposited by Laser Ablation Process
Authors: Cyza A. , Cieniek Ł. , Kopia A.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of strontium on the structure of thin films La1-xSrxFeO3 (x = 0; 0,1; 0,2). The LaFeO3 and Sr-doped LaFeO3 films were produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Si (100) substrate using the Nd-YAG (λ = 266 nm) laser. SEM, AFM and XRD methods were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the thin films. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed only the LaFeO3 phase in the undoped thin film and the La0.9Sr0.1O3 and La0.8Sr0.2O3 phases in thin films doped by Sr. The mean crystallite size, calculated by Williamson-Hall method, was smaller (of the order of 18 nm) in films doped by Sr. SEM analysis showed small droplets in thin films doped by Sr. Highly developed surface layer was observed using the AFM microscope for thin films doped by Sr.
The Development of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium – Copper Ribbons
Authors: Pastuszak M. , Cieślak G. , Dobkowska A. , Mizera J. , Kurzydłowski K.J.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present work was to plan and carry out an experiment consisting of amorphization of industrial magnesium alloy WE 43 (Mg - 4 Y - 3 RE - 0.5 Zr) modified by the copper addition. Investigated alloy modified with 20% of copper was rapidly quenched with the use of melt spinning technique. The effects of cooling rate on the structure and properties of the obtained material were extensively analyzed. The structure and phase analysis of samples were examined using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) while the thermal stability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructure observations were also conducted. The microhardness tests (HV0.02) and corrosion resistance tests were carried out to investigate the properties of the material. Corrosion resistance measurements were held using a typical three-electrode system. As the result of the research, the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of investigated alloy was determined.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Strips Obtained in TRC Line
Authors: Mamala A. , Ściężor W. , Kwaśniewski P. , Grzebinoga J. , Kowal R.
Published: July 2016

Twin Roll Casting technology belongs to modern, integrated method of processing aluminum and its alloys. This method includes preparation of liquid metal and its continuous casting between the rotating cylindrical crystallizers, optional homogenizing treatment, cold rolling and optional interoperation or final heat treatment. Final products of TRC method are strips with a thickness from few to several millimeters, which can be directly subjected to cold rolling process to afford a sheet. Properties of final product are limited by the material’s condition, its chemical composition and also selected path of its processing technology. The paper presents research results of chemical composition and mechanical properties of strips obtained in Twin Roll Casting processing line.
A Singular Elliptic System with Higher Order Terms of p-Laplacian Type
Authors: De Cave Linda Maria
Published: July 2016

We use variational techniques to prove existence and nonexistence results for the following singular elliptic system:

{

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

p
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

=

θ
⁢

z
q

u

1
-
θ

,

u
>

0
⁢
in
⁢
Ω

,

u

∈

W
0

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
z

|

p
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
z

)

=

q
⁢

z

q
-
1

⁢

u
θ

,

z
>

0
⁢
in
⁢
Ω

,

z

∈

W
0

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{-}\operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}% \nabla u)&\displaystyle=\theta\frac{z^{q}}{u^{1-\theta}},&&\displaystyle u>0% \text{ in }\Omega,&&\hskip 10.0ptu\in W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega),\\ \displaystyle-\operatorname{div}(|\nabla z|^{p-2}\nabla z)&\displaystyle=qz^{q% -1}u^{\theta},&&\displaystyle z>0\text{ in }\Omega,&&\hskip 10.0ptz\in W^{1,p}% _{0}(\Omega),\end{aligned}\right.$

where Ω is a bounded open set in

ℝ
N

${\operatorname{\mathbb{R}}^{\mathrm{N}}}$

(

N
≥
2

${\mathrm{N}\geq 2}$

),

p
>
1

${p>1}$

,

q
>
0

${q>0}$

and

0
<
θ
<
1

${0<\theta<1}$

.
Lack of ERG-antibody in Benign Mimickers of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bachurska Svitlana Y. , Staykov Dmitriy G. , Ivanov Georgi P. , Belovezhdov Veselin T.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Prostate carcinoma (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Prostate tissue in needle biopsy expresses a wide variety of architectural patterns some of which are difficult to interpret. Immunohistochemical markers, such as AMACR, p63 and 34βE12 that are currently used in diagnosing prostate cancer, are of great value, but often their interpretation is ambiguous. In 2005 Tomlins et al. identified an emerging marker, erythroblastosis E26 rearrangement gene (ERG), which is a member of the family of genes encoding erythroblast-transformation specific transcription factors (ETS) with frequent expression in PC.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ERG in benign mimickers of PC in needle biopsies and its diagnostic value alone and in combination with AMACK and 34βE12.

Results: Of the selected 46 biopsies, two were eventually diagnosed as PC Gleason score 6 as they were simultaneously ERG and AMACR-positive and 34βE12-negative. One case was considered atypical. The remaining 43 biopsies were diagnosed as benign cases: simple atrophy in 13 cases, partial atrophy in 11, adenosis in 9, basal cell hyperplasia in 3, post-atrophic hyperplasia in 3, clear cell hyperplasia in 2 and sclerotic adenosis in 2 cases. None of the 43 benign cores showed evidence of ERG expression.

Conclusion: ERG could be preferably used in diagnosing prostate needle biopsies, lesions that are hard to interpret and controversial expression of AMACR/34βE12.
Homozygous Carrier of Prothrombin G20210A Mutation with Massive Pulmonary Embolism and His Family: Gender Differences of Susceptibility to Mutation
Authors: Stoeva Natalia Y. , Koleva Vessela S.
Published: July 2016

Prothrombin 20210 G>A mutation is the second most frequent inherited factor increasing the risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk for VTE in homozygous carriers of this mutation is not well studied because of their rarity are rare. We report a case of a homozygous carrier of prothrombin mutation: a young man with massive pulmonary embolism, and his family - an asymptomatic homozygous sister, heterozygous parents with asymptomatic mother, and father with history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of homozygous prothrombin mutation carriers in Bulgaria and the other Balkan countries. We conclude that the homozygous prothrombin mutation creates predisposition for VTE that can manifest or not depending on additional factors, one of which could be male gender.
Vertebrobasilar System in the European Hare
Authors: Flešárová S. , Maženský D.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to describe the arterial arrangement of the cervical spinal cord in the hare using the corrosion technique. The study was carried out on 10 adult European hares (Lepus Europeus). The arterial system of the cervical spinal cord was injected using Batson’s corrosion casting kit No. 17. The fusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries was found in 70% of the cases without a connecting branch and in 30% of the cases with one connecting branch just posterior to the fusion. The ventral spinal artery was in connection with the right vertebral artery in 60% of the cases and by means of an anastomosis of two spinal branches arising from the bilateral vertebral arteries in 40% of the cases. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that there is a high variability of the blood supply to the cervical part of the spinal cord in the hare.
A generalization of Burnside’s p-nilpotency criterion
Authors: Li Yangming , Su Ning , Wang Yanming
Published: July 2016

Let p be a prime number, let G be a finite group, and let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G. Under the assumption that

N
G

⁢

(
P
)

${N_{G}(P)}$

is p-nilpotent, we give an equivalent condition of the p-nilpotency of G. Our result is a generalization of the famous Burnside p-nilpotency criterion and some recent results.