bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POSITION OF SOURCE CULTURE IN THE CURRENT EFL TEXTBOOKS IN INDONESIA REFLECTED IN 3 RESEARCH FINDINGS
Authors: Rambe Maisaroh , Rambe Laila Afni
Published: January 2022

Based on this background, the authors are interested in examining more deeply with research questions, namely why book authors tend to take source culture as material and what are real examples of cultural values reflected in textbooks.The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with the type of library research. Thus the data collection method used is observation. Observations were made on three journals that have been selected as data for analysis, namely analysis of the cultural content of third grade English textbooks in Cianjur, West Java, Cultural content in Indonesian case English teaching textbooks (ELT), Analysis of cultural content in Pathway textbooks. to English for the second grade of high school. The theory used as an analytical knife is the theory of Cortazzi and Jin (1999) which examines culture. The results of the analysis show that there is a tendency for the authors to choose local culture as a teaching material, as evidenced by 13.11% in Faris journal, 45% in Kurnia journal and 19% in Nurjannah journal who choose source culture as teaching material. The reason the author chooses source culture as source material is because the material is easily understood by the participants of the source culture, the source culture is easily found in real terms, the delivery of the source culture can help preserve the culture itself so that it does not become extinct, the source culture material can broaden students' horizons because of its diversity in Indonesia.Source cultural materials can indirectly foster nature and mutual respect for cultural differences between one another.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITY
Authors: Saputri Eka Arifianti , Pradana Satria Adi
Published: January 2022

The emergence of Covid-19 some time ago had a huge impact on the world of education. Currently, the pandemic is still not over, but these difficulties cannot stop the nation's obligation to study and attend school. There have been many ways that have been done by the government, educators, and participants in getting around the best way to study during a pandemic. The government also decided that teaching and learning activities be carried out online so that students and teachers can avoid Covid-19. However, studying online is not as easy as it seems. Covid-19 has an effect that is felt by all educational groups, especially students. This study discusses the effects of Covid-19 on all students and learning personnel in teaching and learning activities. In addition, this article also provides an overview of how the proper teaching and learning process should be carried out so that the benefits of the process can be received equally from both parties.
ESP: A NEEDS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME ENGLISH AT POLIMARIN
Authors: Herdawan Deri , Nindita Kirtyana , Setyoningrum Ari Ani Dyah
Published: January 2022

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has long been known for its marine potential. This potential comes with new challenges, one of them being language problem. In this regard, English shows its prominent role as the international language to bridge communications. This research provided a needs analysis to identify the “necessities”, “lacks”, and “wants” in relation with English usage in maritime sector, specifically for those conducting internship at international ships. A qualitative approach and a descriptive design were applied in this research. The respondents consisted of 19 students of Polimarin who had completed internship at international ships, selected through total sampling technique. Their responses were collected by a questionnaire, complemented by interview. The collected data were then processed through a model consisting of four stages; data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The “necessities” analysis revealed speaking and vocabulary as the most needed language skill and component. The “lacks” analysis showed that the syllabus used pays attention to English language skills and components evenly and that some respondents were underprepared before doing internship. The “wants” analysis came up with the simple present tense and the simple past tense as the most wanted tenses to master, pronouns as the most wanted grammatical feature and passive voice as the least wanted, all language functions evenly wanted, and group discussion as the most preferred learning activity. In conclusion, syllabus revision is due to improve the quality of English learning by accommodating the students’ “necessities”, “lacks”, and “wants”. Key words:ESP, Maritime English, Needs Analysis
CHARACTER VALUES: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW THEY ARE INTEGRATED IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK TEXTS?
Authors: Utami Putri Ayu Imayatul , Rohmatillah Rohmatillah , Kholid M. Ridho
Published: January 2022

This study is based on the issue of character value, which has recently spread out as many as social problems in Indonesia, as well as the phenomena around us that many inappropriate textbooks contents. Character values should be incorporated into teaching and learning materials. It is also related to the government regulation that requires the inclusion of the character values proposed by the Ministry of National Education as character building in all elements of education. The aim of this study was to examine the character values found in the texts as well as the strategies used in integrating character values in the texts of Erlangga’s English textbook for Senior High School Grade XI. This study applied qualitative research with a content analysis approach. The data source was English textbook Pathway to English, and the data were 19 texts gathered by reading and taking notes on texts in English textbook. The research findings revealed that the character values which are found in the 19 texts of English textbook being analyzed covers 16 character values proposed by the Ministry of National Education and the strategies of delivering character values in the texts consisted of two forms, explicit and implicit strategy.  Keywords: Character values, character values integration, English textbook, texts
Hydrocarbon and Petroleum with SETS Approach Module to Train Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Putri Dinda Karunia , Rusmini Rusmini
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to develop a module with the Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS) approach to train critical thinking skills on hydrocarbons and petroleum using the Research and Development (R and D) method. This development modul was validated by 3 experts, while the limited trial was only limited to a small trial with 3 respondents from class XII students of SMAN 10 Surabaya to obtain practical and effective data of modules that developed on a small scale. This experiment obtained expert validation results 87% with the “very valid” category, module practicality 94% with the “very practical” category and module effectiveness of 0.8 with the “high” category. The effectiveness of the module is obtained from the pretest and posttest that 3 students have increased their critical thinking skills after the module is given. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the module with the SETS approach in the material of hydrocarbons and petroleum can train students’ critical thinking skills and it is feasible to be tested on larger respondents.
Analysis of Errors in Solving Geometry Problems Reviewed from Written Mathematical Communication Skills of Teacher Candidates
Authors: Radiusman Radiusman , Simanjuntak Maslina
Published: January 2022

This descriptive qualitative research aims to analyze the mistakes of primary school teacher candidates in solving geometry problems reviewed from mathematical written communication skills. This research was conducted on 37 students who were in the 2nd semester and took 3 people as research subjects with the criteria of moderate written communication skills. Data collection techniques were carried out using tests and interviews. The written mathematical communication test was given in the form of a description where each question contains one written mathematical communication indicator. The results of this study indicated that the mistakes were: low knowledge of prerequisite concepts, lack of student experience in working on problems, weak imagination in connecting statements, and low ability to perform calculations.
Students’ Digital Literacy and Collaboration Abilities: An Analysis in Senior High School Students
Authors: Purnamasari Lilis , Herlina Kartini , Distrik I Wayan , Andra Doni
Published: January 2022

This study aims to describe and analyze the level of digital literacy and collaboration skills of students. The research method used a quantitative descriptive survey with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The study involved 10 physics teachers and 105 high school students in Lampung Province. The results showed that the digital literacy of students was in the sufficient category with the achievement percentage of 54.68%, while the collaborative abilities of students were in the poor category with the achievement percentage of 39.17%. Digital literacy has not been maximally achieved and the ability to collaborate in students is influenced by the lack of efforts of students to use the internet as a learning resource and the lack of student-centered learning.
Identification of Students’ Misconceptions in Functions Topic
Authors: Gunawan Rilla Gina , Maulana Yuniza , Putri Rahmi
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to identify students' misconceptions on the topic of function. The research used is qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were class X MIA3 selected by using purple sampling and snowball techniques. The research instrument was a written test using diagnostic test techniques for misconceptions, interviews, and observations. The qualitative data analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. Based on the research, there are 4 students who experience misconceptions in class X MIA3 on the topic of the functions. Out of 6 indicators of misconceptions, the reasons were caused by a lack of student interest in learning, underestimating the concept of functions so that they think learning the concept of functions is very easy, embarrassed to ask questions when studying, and never repeat lessons at home so that students cannot answer questions given by the teacher.
Green Chemistry-Based Reaction Rate Practice Through Online Media: An Analysis of Teachers' and Students' Responses
Authors: Chamidah Afifah Nur , Mulyanti Sri
Published: January 2022

Reaction rate is one of the subjects in chemistry that students must fully understand, both theoretically and skillfully. However, current conditions require learning to be carried out online, including practicum on reaction rates. The research team tried to design an online practicum on the topic of determining the order of a reaction by using methods, tools, and materials that are cheap and easy to obtain, this practicum as an alternative solution in learning chemistry practicum during the pandemic. The practicum was recorded in the form of a video to be uploaded on Youtube, then the video was distributed to get responses from respondents who watched it. Based on the survey results from 30 respondents, the practicum was stated to be very good and applicable, as seen from the average value of the responses that were close to perfect. So it can be concluded that this practicum is highly recommended for teachers to apply to their students.
Augmented Reality-Based Student Worksheet to Stimulate Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Fendi Romy Desmara , Suyatna Agus , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman
Published: January 2022

Critical thinking skill which is one of the important abilities in the 21st century is important to be trained in learning. The purpose of this research is to develop an AR-based worksheet on dynamic electrical material that is valid, practical, and effective to stimulate students’ critical thinking. The development model used the ADDIE model which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation steps. The product developed was tested for validation, practicality test, and effectiveness test. The results of the validity test obtained a value of 81.80% with a valid category. The results of the practicality test obtained a percentage of 80.85% with good criteria. The results of the effectiveness test showed an N-Gain value of 0.67 with the moderately effective category. From the average pretest and posttest scores, it can be seen that the posttest average score increased by 39.04 which indicates that the use of AR-based worksheets can improve students’ critical thinking. It can be concluded that AR-based worksheets on the concept of dynamic electricity developed are valid, practical, and effective to stimulate students’ critical thinking.
The Improvement of Physics Teachers’ Competence in Developing an Interactive Recitation Programs to Remediate Students’ Misconception
Authors: Sundari Putri Dwi , Dewi Wahyuni Satria , Saputra Defrizal , Mairizwan Mairizwan - , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: January 2022

During learning from home, the teacher is very limited in giving feedback on assignments. Consequently, students’ understanding of physics concepts is still low and experiencing misconceptions. Therefore, teachers should able to develop an interactive recitation program completed by corrective feedback that could remediate students’ misconceptions. The research objective is to improve the competence of physics teachers at Sijunjung Regency through mentoring in developing an interactive recitation program. This sort of research is quasi-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. The research data was obtained from the pretest and posttest about understanding of the interactive recitation programs. The results showed that there was an increase in the knowledge of high school physics teachers in understanding the interactive recitation program with a percentage of 32.4%, and the provision of mentoring activities have a significant effect on increasing the competence of physics teachers in developing interactive recitation programs.
Detailed Analysis of Unified Power Flow Controller- A Review
Authors: Hanfi Umar , Vishwakarma Prof. Shravan
Published: January 2022

Renewable techniques have become more appealing for producing energy in village and moderately village regions because they reduce degradation of environment and provide a plentiful supply of free and environmental energy. Several research works have been carried out all over the planet to assess and investigate the feasibility of hybrid renewable resources (combination of two or more) with the electricity generation for usage in diverse implementation and livelihoods. An explanation of photovoltaic renewable energy systems is demonstrated in this paper.
Demand Forecasting Using Fuzzy Methods Approach in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Chouksey Satyam , Soni Amit
Published: January 2022

Modern businesses are confronted with a variety of challenges in a challenging climate. Companies that succeed are more flexible, and they immediately adopt new or revised concepts for corporate governance. As time goes on, they begin to use these techniques in their everyday work. For a company, forecasting is a vital part of its operations. This is regarded as the most basic input in the SCM department and the company. In the context of SCM functions, companies whose chronological development is close to that of the SCM evolution begin to pay attention to the forecast. This research reveals that the firm’s organization can use the barriers and few practical solutions for forecasting. However, retail organizations are continuously looking for a forecasting approach that will allow them to keep their purchasing and sales in balance.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan, Uji Antikolesterol dan Toksisitas dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemuning
Authors: Farida Yunahara , Qodriah Rahmatul , Puti Widyana Atika , Ifani Zauhara
Published: January 2022

Daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata L.Jack) secara empiris banyak digunakan  sebagai antibakteri, anti inflamasi, penurun kadar kolesterol darah dan juga sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji aktivitas antioksidan, antikolesterol secara in vitro dan menguji toksisitas secara BSLT menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun kemuning. Daun kemuning diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96% secara maserasi kinetik, selanjutnya ekstrak yang diperoleh dilakukan skrining fitokimia, diuji aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH, uji antikolesterol menggunakan metode Liebermann-Burchard dan uji toksisitas menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Hasil  skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kemuning mengandung flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid, minyak atsiri dan kumarin. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun kemuning diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 18,56 µg/mL, hasil uji aktivitas antikolesterol dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 593,95 µg/mL dan uji toksisitas dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 149,52 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kemuning mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat herbal.
Profil Pengetahuan Vitamin untuk Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Pekerja Industri di Kota Cilegon
Authors: Salsabila Salsabila , Pristianty Liza , Rahem Abdul , Priyandani Yuni
Published: January 2022

Banyaknya industri di Kota Cilegon yang tetap beroperasi saat pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) membuat pekerja industri harus tetap pergi bekerja sehingga berpotensi tertular. Usaha pencegahan infeksi COVID-19 dilakukan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan dan peningkatan sistem imun. Peningkatan penjualan vitamin B, C, D, dan E hingga tiga kali lipat selama pandemi menandakan bahwa masyarakat berusaha berperilaku untuk meningkatkan sistem imun. Pengetahuan merupakan tahap awal seseorang dalam menerima stimulus baru yang akan menentukan sikap dan tindakan dalam berperilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil pengetahuan tentang vitamin sebagai peningkat sistem imun untuk pencegahan COVID-19 pada pekerja industri di Kota Cilegon. Desain penelitian merupakan observasional secara cross sectional dengan teknik accidental sampling dan snowball sampling. Penelitian ini mendapatkan keterangan layak etik dari Komisi Etik Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga. Penelitian dilakukan pada 100 responden pekerja industri pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2021 di Kota Cilegon. Responden diberikan instrumen kuesioner secara daring (online) dengan Google Form. Instrumen kuesioner terdiri tiga indikator yaitu pengetahuan tentang COVID-19, pengetahuan tentang sistem imun, dan pengetahuan tentang vitamin sebagai peningkat sistem imun untuk pencegahan COVID-19. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 25. Analisis data menunjukkan 1% responden memiliki pengetahuan rendah, 32% responden berpengetahuan sedang, dan 67% responden berpengetahuan tinggi. Pengetahuan pekerja industri di Kota Cilegon tentang vitamin sebagai peningkat sistem imun untuk pencegahan COVID-19 menunjukkan hasil pengetahuan tinggi.
Development of Manakarra Value Integrative Model in Learning Introduction to Education Course
Authors: Yusran Yusran , Thalib Syamsul Bachri , Gani Hamsu Abdul
Published: January 2022

This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective Manakarra value integrative model learning tool that students can implement in the Introduction to Education course. The development of learning tools using the 4-D model and tested on students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tomakaka University, Study Program of Indonesian Language and Literature Education. The research design used One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data collection was using observation, tests, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used quantitative/qualitative descriptive analysis. Learning the Manakarra value integrative model begins with the validity of learning tools; Model Books, Teaching Materials, Semester Learning Plans (RPS), Student Activity Sheets and Learning Outcomes Test Instruments. Furthermore, a trial was conducted on students in learning the Introduction to Education course. The implementation of the learning stages seen in student learning activities showed a very good improvement and enthusiasm in carrying out learning. Students can follow the learning process by using learning tools developed with high curiosity. The effectiveness of the Manakarra value integrative model from the trial results shows that the integrative model's learning process has succeeded in improving students' critical thinking skills.
The Guzmán’s of Mendoza - acclaimed classical musicians
Authors: Guzman William M.
Published: January 2022

During the 19th century in Chile and for three generations, the Guzmán’s were acclaimed classical musicians. The literature indicates that their patriarch Fernando Guzmán and his son Francisco arrived in Chile from Mendoza, Argentina in about 1822. There is little or no information regarding their heritage, origins and the correct composition of their large family. There are many errors and assumptions in the literature as to the number and paternity of several of them; it is intended to correct the misinformation and provide documentary evidence of the family origins, heritage and composition. The research makes use of the Mendoza Baptisms, Marriages and Deaths Parish Books from the 18th and 19th centuries, legal documents, and published material. It is confirmed that Fernando Guzmán was born into slavery, one of five children of Maria Juana, an African slave owned by the Santo Domingo Convent of Mendoza. Fernando married Juana Agustina, also a slave of African descent, owned by the Molina Sotomayor family. Fernando and Juana Agustina had 13 children, several of whom were also born into slavery. The Guzmán’s were a family of classical musicians par excellence. To celebrate their life and work, this research identifies and reports how the family was composed and how it evolved.
Central Precocious Puberty in a Three-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Jamal Suryani , Kurniawan Liong Boy , Aprianti Suci , Artati Ratna Dewi , Pakasi Ruland DN , Satriono R
Published: January 2022

Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and 9 years in boys. Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) is caused by early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Laboratory test of LH, FSH, and Estradiol is recommended for monitoring suppressive effects from GnRHa therapy in the early three months and every six months. This study aimed to report a case of CPP in a 3-year and 3-month-old girl. A 3-year and 3-month-old girl went to the hospital with vaginal bleeding (menstruation), breast development, and pubic and axilla hair for 7-month-old. Physical examination found moderately ill with obesity, body weight 20 kg, height 98 cm. Tanner stage was A2M3P2, café au lait was found in the left forehead with size 7x3.5 cm. In March 2015 before GnRHa therapy, LH, FSH and Estradiol level increased with levels of 4.32 mlU/mL, 6.01 mlU/mL, and 67 pg/mL, and after 3 months of the treatment was 0.87 mlU/mL, 2.51 mlU/mL and <20 pg/mL. Pelvic ultrasonography showed suggestive precocious puberty, bone age 5-year and 9-month (Greulich and Pyle), CT-Scan of the brain showed hypothalamic tumor suspected hypothalamic hamartoma. This patient was treated with a GnRHa injection every 4 weeks. Leuprorelin is a synthetic non-peptide analogue of natural GnRH. The diagnosis was based on medical history, physical examination, laboratory, and radiological findings. The prognosis of the patient was good.
Detection of Proteinuria by Colorimetric Method and Correlation with Disease Severity in Patients Dengue
Authors: Charisma Acivrida Mega , Farida Elis Anita , Anwari Farida
Published: January 2022

Severe dengue virus infection often causes proteinuria through several mechanisms, such as leakage of plasma proteins caused by higher protein filtering in the kidneys. The condition of proteinuria in patients with dengue shock syndrome will affect the management, prognosis, and mortality of patients with dengue virus infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of protein in urine samples in patients in which IgG/IgM dengue was detected, to determine the presence of protein in urine samples in patients without dengue infection, and to determine the relationship between proteinuria in dengue patients and the degree of disease severity. The study was conducted in March-June 2020 at the Clinical Laboratory and Inpatient Clinic of Vita Medika Kepung, Kediri Regency. The method used was the consecutive sampling technique. The minimum sample size was 100 respondents with criteria for suspected dengue infection, onset fever > 4 days, age > 2 years, and no indication of other infectious diseases (blood and urine), divided into two groups, group with positive dengue infection and non-dengue group. The results showed that proteinuria was detected in 26% of respondents, secondary dengue infection and positive serological test of IgG, IgM only IgG were detected in 24 (92.3%) respondents and positive IgG and IgM were found in 2 (7.7%) respondents, this was shown by the p-value = 0.000 in the Chi-Square test with a Prevalence Ratio (PR) value of 11,987. In addition, Chi-Square test results indicated that a higher urine protein/albumin led to more severe disease, with p-value = 0.012 and 0.025 (p <0.05) and PR values of 3.333 and 2.800. The results of this study concluded that there was a close relationship between high levels of protein/albumin in the urine with the degree of disease severity in patients with dengue infection. In addition, an increase in urine protein/albumin levels is always followed by a decrease in serum protein/albumin levels.
Correlation between Serum hs-CRP and Magnesium Ion with Osteocalcin in Acute Leukemia Patients
Authors: Naftali Nuniek Luthy , Pramudianti MI. Diah , Hadisuparto Yuwono
Published: January 2022

Acute leukemia is a proliferation of immature cells in the bone marrow that affects peripheral blood or other organs. Inflammation has a vital role in cancer pathophysiology. Inflammation in leukemia occurs through two mechanisms: intrinsic and extrinsic. Magnesium deficiency leads to inflammation in acute leukemia patients. Manifestation of inflammation in acute leukemia are abnormalities in musculoskeletal systems such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and pathological fractures. Increased inflammation in the bone remodeling process increases osteoclast (OC) regulation and decreases osteoblast (OB) activity resulting in reduced osteocalcin (OCN) production. Osteocalcin, also known as gamma-carboxy glutamic acid-containing protein or bone Gla-protein, is a small, non-collagen protein associated with the bone matrix. Osteocalcin is known as bone formation. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hs-CRP, ion Mg and serum OCN levels in acute leukemia. A cross-sectional observational analytic study in acute leukemia subjects was conducted at Clinical Pathology Installation of Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Surakarta from August to September 2020. Normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was used to determine data distribution, Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation strength between variables. From a total of 35 subjects, there was a significant negative correlation between hs-CRP and serum OCN in acute leukemia (r= -0.46; p=0.06), but no correlation was found between Mg ion and serum OCN in acute leukemia patients (r=0.09; p=0.957). The mean of hs-CRP, Mg ion, and OCN was 2.95±4.95 mg/dL, 0.49±0.05 mmol/L, and 16.32±19.46 ng/mL, respectively. Advanced research with chronic leukemia population and other variants as needed.
Assessment of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Pramantik Dea Noviana , Aryani Dwi
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has become a major health problem worldwide. Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) is an index obtained from calculating the platelets counts, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, which can indicate the inflammation status and immunity. This study aimed to determine the potential of SII as a predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in suspected COVID-19 subjects. A retrospective study was carried out by obtaining medical record data in June 2020 at Sleman General Hospital. An unpaired T-test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the statistical difference. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and used to get the cut-off values. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-Square. There were 84 subjects consisting of 46 (54.8%) males and 38 (45.2%) females with a mean age of 42.4±16.356 years. There was a significant difference in the neutrophils count (p=0.045), monocytes (p=0.001), and eosinophils (p=0.037) between subjects with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR. The median SII in the positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR group was 780.12 (301.21-2178.90)x103/µL and 584.14 (117.79-1933.87)x103/µL (p=0.045), respectively. Bivariate analysis showed significant results at SII > 705 x103/µL in suspected COVID-19 patients to obtain a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result with Odds Ratio (OR) of 4.00 (95% CI 1.580-10.127), p=0.003. Patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection with high SII levels had a greater risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 in PCR test
Correlation between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR Indices to Fibroscan and HBeAg Status in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Erlina Rina , Wardhani Puspa , Puspitasari Yessy , Kholili Ulfa
Published: January 2022

Liver fibrosis is a complication of chronic hepatitis B. Early detection of liver fibrosis is important for therapy. The aspartate aminotransferase index (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and the fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) in chronic hepatitis B have been widely studied despite the inconsistent results. Research on other serum markers is extensively carried out, including Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)-to-platelet ratio (GPR). Previous studies have shown that the GPR index was more accurate than APRI and FIB-4. HBeAg status is an indication for therapy. There have not been many studies on the correlation of serum markers with HBeAg status. This study aimed to determine the correlation of APRI, FIB-4, and GPR with Fibroscan and HBeAg status in chronic hepatitis B patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to September 2020 and found 50 chronic hepatitis B patients. Platelet count was measured using a Sysmex XN-1000 hematology device; AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GGT levels were measured using the Dimension RXL clinical chemistry device; and the degree of fibrosis was determined using transient elastography (Fibroscan). Spearman correlation test was used in this study for the correlation analysis. The results showed a significant correlation between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR indices with Fibroscan (r=0.454, p 0.001; r=0.610, p < 0.001; r=0.540, p < 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation was found between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR indices with negative (-) HBeAg (r=0.486, p 0.004; r=0.648, p < 0.001; r=0.595, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significant correlation was found between FIB-4 and positive (+) HBeAg (r=0.499, p 0.049), but no correlation was found between APRI and GPR with positive (+) HBeAg (r=0.295, p 0,267; r=0.386, p 0.140, respectively).
Determination of Cut-Off Index of Reactive HBsAg Based on Confirmatory Test at Dr. Moewardi Hospital
Authors: Ilyas Ellya Latifah , Suparyatmo JB. , Kurniati Amiroh
Published: January 2022

HBsAg confirmatory test is required to confirm false reactive HBsAg due to non-specific binding of antigen withantibody. HBsAg confirmatory test cannot be performed in every laboratory due to the high price of reagents, short reagentshelf life, prolonged turnaround time, and increasing complexity of the test. This study aimed to determine the HBsAg COI(cut-off unit) cut-off point, which requires a confirmatory HBsAg test on the COBAS e411 analyzer with the ECLIA method.An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was performed on 59 patients who underwent the HBsAgtest at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta in September-October 2020 on the Cobas e411 analyzer with the ECLIA method.The best analytical performance of cut-off index of reactive HBsAg was determined using the ROC curve and AUC. Theresults of initial HBsAg COI showed the following results: borderline with a mean: 0.975±0.0014 and reactive with a medianof 4.38 (1.03-10)). The confirmatory test showed 59.8% reactive, 22.2% non-reactive, 13.8% not valid and 4.2%indeterminate results. The cut-off value for reactive HBsAg was 4.34 with an AUC of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.713 - 0.923; p=0.054), asensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 87.5%. The initial cut-off of HBsAg index at 4.34 COI showed the best analyticalperformance with a sensitivity of 72.1% and specificity of 87.3%. Therefore, it can be used to determine HBsAg results thatrequire HBsAg confirmatory examination on the Cobas e411 analyzer with the ECLIA method.
Omentin-1 Levels in Obesity
Authors: Purnama Lestari Putri Hidayasyah , Nurahmi Nurahmi , Esa Tenri , Kurniawan Liong Boy
Published: January 2022

Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine secreted by stromal vascular cells. Inflammation and apoptosis of adipocyte tissue in obesity lead to decreased production of omentin-1. This study aims to find the difference in omentin-1 levels in the obese and non-obese groups and the correlation between levels of omentin-1 with BMI and waist circumference. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 70 subjects with 37 people in the obese group and 33 people in the non-obese group. Anthropometric data including weight, height, waist circumference, and BMI were measured. Serum omentin-1 levels were measured by ELISA. The statistical tests used were Chi-square, T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman test. Test results were significant if p-value < 0.05. Significant difference was observed in serum omentin-1 levels between obese and non-obese group (median 140,31 range (88.08 – 382.76) vs. 210,97 range (124,44–577,96) ng/mL), respectively; p < 0.001). Serum omentin-1 correlated negatively with BMI (p=0.001, r = - 0.398) and waist circumference (p=0.017, r = - 0.286). Obesity causes inflammation and increased death of adipocyte tissues due to apoptosis, autophagy, and fibrosis resulting in decreased production of omentin-1 by stromal vascular cells. Anthropometric parameters of waist circumference and BMI describe the distribution of adipocyte tissue and affect the secretion of omentin-1. Omentin-1 levels in the obese group were lower than in the non-obese group. The higher the BMI and waist circumference, the lower the omentin-1 level.
Correlation between Very Low-Density Lipoprotein and Trygliseride with Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Simanjuntak Sherly Karolina , Wande I Nyoman , Wirawati Ida Ayu Putri
Published: January 2022

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, which contributes to ahigher risk of dyslipidemia- related complications in T2DM such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. This study aimed todetermine the correlation between TG and VLDL-C towards HbA1c levels in a person with T2DM. A retrospective study of 74outpatients with T2DM at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, who examined serum HbA1c and lipid profiles were tracedfor serum TG. From the obtained TG profile, a secondary calculation of VLDL was carried out using the Friedewald equation(TG/5). A correlation test was used to determine the relationship between TG and VLDL-C towards HbA1c levels. Serum TG(212.95±147.46 mg/dL) and VLDL (36.69±23.54 mg/dL) were found to be higher in the group with poor glycemic control(HbA1c > 7 mg/dL) compared to serum TG (111.00±39.56 mg/dL) and VLDL (21.05±6.13 mg/dL) in the group with goodglycemic control (HbA1c â‰¤ 7 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between serum TG (r=0.512; p < 0.001) and VLDL(r=0.18; p <0.001) towards HbA1c levels in T2DM patient was found. Insulin resistance increases the production of VLDL andApoC-III in the liver and increased chylomicron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, causing prolonged postprandiallipemia and disruption of VLDL and TG clearance, thereby resulting in increased TG and VLDL in circulation. There is asignificant positive correlation between serum TG and VLDL towards HbA1c levels in a patient with T2DM.
Correlation between Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio with C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lestari Novianti Anggie , Retnoningrum Dwi
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Inflammation occurs when the body is infected with the virus. Platelets play a role in immune response and immunomodulation by activating P-Selectin Glycoprotein (PSGL) to the site of inflammation. Lymphocytes play a role through CD4 T-cells, B-cells producing specific viral antibodies, and CD8 cytotoxic T-cells by directly killing the virus in infected cells. This study aimed to prove the correlation between PLR and CRP as inflammation markers in COVID-19 patients. This study was a retrospective observational study with the cross-sectional approach at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, for the period March-August 2020. Spearman test performed for analyzing data with p<0.05 was significant. Thirty-three confirmed COVID-19 patients with median value of PLR 218 (103-1609) and CRP 15.94 (1.24-200) mg/L were tested for correlation with a value of p=0.013 and r=0.427. The increase of PLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients was caused by an inflammatory process mediated by the immune response. High values in the blood were associated with disease severity and poor prognosis. There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between PLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients.
Correlation between C-Reactive Protein Level and Blood Urea Nitrogen-Creatinine Ratio in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Safitri Meta , Suromo Lisyani Budipradigda
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an inflammation marker that increases significantly in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 can affectkidney function and increase the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)-creatinine ratio. The previous study showed that CRP andBUN-creatinine ratios could be used as predictors of the severity and survival of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed todetermine the correlation between CRP levels and the BUN-creatinine ratio in COVID-19 patients. A retrospectivecross-sectional study was conducted on 34 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed by PCR test at Dr. Kariadi Hospital,Semarang from March to September 2020. The Spearman correlation test was used for statistical analysis. The median CRPvalue was 4.59 (0.36-27.48) mg/L and BUN-creatinine ratio was 15.06 (5.79-37.04), while the correlation between CRP andBUN-creatinine ratio showed p=0.003 and r=0.502. There was a moderate positive correlation between CRP level andBUN-creatinine ratio. C-reactive protein plays a role in the infiltration process of inflammatory cells and increases adhesionmolecules, which can directly or indirectly damage kidney function. SARS-CoV-2 can enter the kidney directly through theACE-2 receptor and activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which will increase water and sodium absorption inthe renal tubules, passive reabsorption of BUN, and creatinine filtration in the glomerulus resulting in increasedBUN-creatinine ratio.
Laboratory Examination in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Wulyansari Wulyansari , Hernaningsih Yetti
Published: January 2022

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is derived from the word hemophagocytosis, in which macrophagesinfiltrate tissue extensively, and unspecifically phagocyte blood and bone marrow cells. The deviant activation of cytotoxicCD8+ T-cells causing the release of inflammatory cytokines is the core pathogenesis of HLH. Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis is a regulatory disorder of the immune system, with clinical signs and symptoms of extremeinflammation and cytopenia, hepatitis, and severe and life-threatening central nervous system dysfunction. The name of theHLH disorder was recently proposed to be "Hyperinflammatory Lymphohistiocytosis" (also known as HLH). Enforcement ofHLH diagnosis by the Histiocyte Society based on HLH 2004 updated diagnostic criteria consists of five of the following eightdiagnostic criteria: fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia (two or more of three lineages in peripheral blood), hypertriglyceridemiaor hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, hemophagocytes in the bone marrow/lien/lymph, the low or non-existentactivity of Natural Killer (NK) cells, increased sCD25. H-score, MH-score, and systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis(sJIA)/Macrophage Activated Syndrome (MAS) classification criteria are also used to enforce HLH diagnoses.Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is challenging to recognize and has a high mortality rate, especially in adults, rangingfrom 42 to 88%. Therefore, immediate diagnosis and therapy are essential. The introduction of HLH triggers is criticalbecause treatment is based on the underlying trigger. Cytokine storms due to Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infectionhave significant similarities to the clinical and laboratory findings of HLH. Secondary HLH (sHLH) is suspected in severeCOVID-19 patients, so early diagnosis is potentially made based on the H-score.
Effects of Plant Growth Retardants on Development of Poinsettia ”Christmas Feeling” Cultivar
Authors: Csorba Artúr Botond , Tatár Mária , Buta Erzsébet , Molnár Katalin , Domokos Erzsébet , Bandi Attila , Bálint János
Published: January 2022

The poinsettias were cultivated years ago as medicinal and ornamental plants, too; but in the recent time are in the light of world flower assortment surprising with new shapes and colors in the cold season. The ornamental values of these plants are given by bracts which can have the same size as foliage leaves or even larger. The tendency of floral industry consists in obtaining high quality ornamental plants with superior marketable price. In these regards, the role of plant growth retardants in regulating the growth of poinsettia is important to obtain healthy, compact bushes and extended decoration period. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effects of plant growth retardants on poinsettia. Five treatments with different retardants were applied as drench or spray. In the experiment four replicates and a total of 144 poinsettias were used. Treatments with paclobutrazol (60 mg/l sprayed), daminozide (2500 mg/l sprayed) and chlormequat chloride (1000 mg/l sprayed), showed the best results in case of marketability.
Hormones Can Influence Antibiotic Susceptibilities Even in Mono- and Co-Culture Conditions
Authors: Kalaycı-Yüksek Fatma , Gümüş Defne , Anğ-Küçüker Mine
Published: January 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusare known as important nosocomial infectious agents also their co-infections are commonly seen in some patient groups. It is well known that host factors such as hormones have roles in modulation of growth, pathogenesis and susceptibilities to antimicrobials. In our study, the influences of norepinephrine (NE) and melatonin (MEL) on antibiotic susceptibilities were examined in mono and co-culture conditions. Methicilin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) ATCC 43300 andPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 were investigated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in the absence/presence of NE (0.0017 and 0.04μg/mL) and MEL (6 and 60 pg/mL) by microdilution method in mono and co-culture. It was found that hormones decreased (among 2-64 fold) MIC and MBC values of both antibiotics for MRSA. However, it was shown that hormones had no effect on MIC values of both antibiotics forP. aeruginosa.MIC and MBC values of both antibiotics for co-culture were found to be reduced compared to monoculture of MRSA; were found to be increased compared to monoculture ofP. aeruginosa.Whereas, hormones decreased MIC values of both antibiotics in co-culture conditions. Our results suggest that both hormones decreased MIC values and it seems that hormones could influence antibiotic susceptibilities in a strain-dependent manner.
Human health risk assessment of lead, cadmium, and mercury co-exposure from agricultural soils in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Husejnović Maida Šljivić , Janković Saša , Nikolić Dragica , Antonijević Biljana
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of human exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) through agricultural soil by considering both uncertainty and variability in key exposure parameters. For this reason we collected soil samples from 29 locations in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and measured their metal levels with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission or absorption spectrometry (ICP-AES and ICP-AAS, respectively). The levels of Pb ranged from 13.33 to 1692.33 mg/kg, of Cd from 0.05 to 3.67 mg/kg, and of Hg from 0.02 to 2.73 mg/kg. To estimate cancer and non-cancer risks we used deterministic and semi-probabilistic methods. Lead was found to involve higher health risk than the other two heavy metals. Its hazard index (HI) decreased between population groups (children>women>men) and exposure routes (ingestion>skin contact>inhalation). Our Monte Carlo simulations indicated that Pb HIs for both adult populations had a 0.6 % probability to exceed the threshold value of 1, while in children this probability was 14.2 %. Cd and Hg showed no probability to exceed the threshold in any scenario. Our simulation results raise concern about possible adverse health effects of heavy metals from soil, especially in children. It is very important to continue monitoring environmental pollution and assess human health risk, not only with respect to soil, but also with other important environmental compartments, such as air and water.