bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Beliefs, Decision Making and Care Experiences Among Transmasculine Young Adults: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Agénor Madina , Cottrill Alischer A. , Kay Eriko , Janiak Elizabeth , Gordon Allegra R. , Potter Jennifer
Published: January 2020

CONTEXT

Transmasculine people—that is, individuals who were assigned female at birth and have a male or masculine gender identity—can experience unintended pregnancy. Yet research on contraception among transmasculine individuals is extremely limited.

METHODS

Participants were recruited online; from community‐based organizations, health centers and student groups; and by chain referral. From purposive sampling, 21 transmasculine individuals aged 18–29 who resided in the greater Boston area and had had, in the last five years, a sexual partner who was assigned male at birth were selected for in‐depth interviews. All interviews were conducted in person between February and May 2018 in Boston, and transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach involving inductive and deductive coding to identify themes and subthemes.

RESULTS

Most participants believed that contraceptive use was necessary to effectively prevent pregnancy among transmasculine individuals. Their beliefs and decisions regarding contraception occurred in the context of a lack of information about contraception among transmasculine people, especially those using testosterone. Many individuals chose a contraceptive method on the basis of whether it mitigated their gender dysphoria or stopped menstruation, and said they preferred condoms and implants because these methods provided fewer reminders of their natal anatomy and were not perceived as interfering with testosterone use. Gender bias, discrimination and stigma in patient‐provider interactions and health care settings negatively influenced participants’ contraceptive care experiences.

CONCLUSIONS

Health care providers and facilities should provide transmasculine people with tailored contraceptive information and care that address their specific gender‐affirmation needs and contraceptive preferences in safe, inclusive and supportive clinical settings.
Effect of strain on surface plasmon polaritons of a graphene cladded one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Roshan-Entezar Samad , Khalandi Ghafour
Published: January 2020

We investigate the dispersion properties of TE-polarized surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of a strained graphene cladded one-dimensional photonic crystal and a homogeneous medium. The optical conductivity of graphene under uniform planar tension is numerically calculated using the perturbation theory and the nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation. We show that the wavelength, propagation length, and penetration depth of the surface plasmon polaritons in the homogeneous environment and the photonic crystal depend on the magnitude and orientation of the applied strain. Depending on the magnitude and direction of the tension, a Van Hove singularity may appear at the electronic band structure of the graphene in the desired frequency interval. We show that the surface mode corresponding to the Van Hove singularity has the least propagation length. We also observe that strain only affects the penetration depth of the low-frequency surface plasmon polaritons in the homogeneous medium and the high-frequency surface plasmon polaritons in the photonic crystal.
Properties of external-cavity high-power semiconductor lasers based on a single InGaAs quantum well at high pulsed current pump
Authors: Podoskin A. A. , Golovin V. S. , Gavrina P. S. , Veselov D. A. , Zolotarev V. V. , Shamakhov V. V. , Nikolaev D. N. , Shashkin I. S. , Slipchenko S. O. , Pikhtin N. A. , Kopèv P. S.
Published: January 2020

Properties of light characteristics of external-cavity high-power semiconductor lasers with an active region based on a single InGaAs quantum well operating at ultrahigh pulsed currents are studied. A maximum peak power of 45 W at 110 A (from the aperture of 100 µm), a linewidth of 0.15 nm, and a wavelength in the range of 1040–1070 nm are demonstrated for an external-cavity laser. The tuning range narrows with an increase in the pump current from 27 nm at a current of 20 A to 23 nm at a current of 100 A. The maximum side-mode suppression ratio is up to 45 dB in the central region of the tuning range, while at the edges of this range it was no worse than 20 dB. It is determined that the tuning range of the laser spectrum is limited by the onset of an additional Fabry–Perot cavity line in the spectrum.
Optical feedback induced oscillation bursts in two-state quantum-dot lasers
Authors: Meinecke Stefan , Kluge Lucas , Hausen Jan , Lingnau Benjamin , Lüdge Kathy
Published: January 2020

We investigate the impact of short optical feedback on a two-state quantum dot laser. A region in the feedback parameter space is identified, where the laser emission periodically alternates between oscillation bursts from the quantum dot ground and excited state, i.e. two-color anti-phase oscillation bursts. We compare these results to the low-frequency fluctuations and regular pulse packages of single-color semiconductor lasers and show via an in-depth bifurcation analysis, that the two-color oscillation bursts originate from a torus-bifurcation of a two-state periodic orbit. A cascade of further period-doubling bifurcations produces chaotic dynamics of the burst envelope. Our findings showcase the rich dynamics and complexity, which can be generated via the interaction of electronic and photonic time scales in quantum dot lasers with optical feedback.
Physical-based optimization for non-physical image dehazing methods
Authors: Vazquez-Corral Javier , Finlayson Graham D. , Bertalmío Marcelo
Published: January 2020

Images captured under hazy conditions (e.g. fog, air pollution) usually present faded colors and loss of contrast. To improve their visibility, a process called image dehazing can be applied. Some of the most successful image dehazing algorithms are based on image processing methods but do not follow any physical image formation model, which limits their performance. In this paper, we propose a post-processing technique to alleviate this handicap by enforcing the original method to be consistent with a popular physical model for image formation under haze. Our results improve upon those of the original methods qualitatively and according to several metrics, and they have also been validated via psychophysical experiments. These results are particularly striking in terms of avoiding over-saturation and reducing color artifacts, which are the most common shortcomings faced by image dehazing methods.
Reversal operator to compensate polarization random drifts in quantum communications
Authors: Ramos Mariana F. , Silva Nuno A. , Muga Nelson J. , Pinto Armando N.
Published: January 2020

A quantum bit error rate (QBER) based algorithm for polarization random drift compensation is proposed. For a transmission window of 8 ms, for instance in aerial fiber installations, the algorithm overhead is below 1%. In an extreme turbulent situation, where the transmission window is as shorter as 0.8 ms, the overhead is still below 10%. Besides being able to operate smoothly, even in a very extreme situation, the algorithm overhead is also insensitive to the length of the communication system. It is upper layer protocol agnostic, and it is based on the mapping of the QBER on the Poincaré sphere. The algorithm finds the polarization reversal operator, which results in much lower overhead contrary to the blind methods currently used. The algorithm reverts the polarization random drift performing two QBER estimations and applying three rotations, at most. The uncertainty on the two QBER estimations defines an area over the sphere surface that is related with upper-layer protocols QBER threshold.
Smooth and flat photoluminescence spectra of Nd3+ active ions in tri-doped CaF2 single crystals
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Hao Qianqian , Jiang Dapeng , Wu Qinghui , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Zhonghan , Liu Jie , Su Liangbi
Published: January 2020

Spectroscopic properties of tri-doped Nd3+,R13+,R23+:CaF2 (R1, R2=Y, La, Gd, Lu) crystals were investigated, where R13+ and R23+ act as the lattice regulating ions. According to the spectra properties of co-doped Nd3+,R3+:CaF2 (R = Y, La, Gd, Lu) crystals, the regulating ions are classified into two categories, Y3+ and Lu3+ ions are in the same class while La3+ and Gd3+ are divided into the other. Attribute to the “combination effect” of the regulating ions, the absorption spectra can be regulated controllably in tri-doped CaF2 crystals, and the emission spectra of Nd3+ in CaF2 crystals become smoother and flatter by incorporating two different types of regulating ions. Preliminary CW laser experiment was conducted for Nd3+,Y3+,Gd3+:CaF2 crystal and Nd3+,Lu3+,Gd3+:CaF2 crystal. The slope efficiency and maximum output power of the former reached up to 49.4% and 2.1W, respectively. A CW wavelength tuning range of 34 nm (1043-1077 nm) was obtained for Nd3+,Y3+,Gd3+:CaF2 crystal. The spectra properties and CW tuning operation indicate that the tri-doped Nd3+,R13+,R23+:CaF2 crystals are suitable for the application of femtosecond mode-locked laser.
Alcance del régimen de responsabilidad de los socios en las cooperativas de viviendas en Euskadi
Authors: Gondra Elguezabal Gotzon , Bilbao Zorrozua Ander
Published: January 2020

Las Cooperativas de Viviendas se han consolidado en nuestro país como un modelo válido de promoción de vivienda que permite al socio acceder a este cotizado bien ahorrándose el coste de la intervención de una promotora profesional. Sin embargo, determinadas malas prácticas en el sector, junto con algunos sonados casos de quiebra de este tipo de sociedades, han dado mala fama a esta fórmula. Mediante el presente artículo, pretende ponerse el foco sobre la mayor de las garantías para las personas socias adjudicatarias de vivienda: el régimen de responsabilidad limitada. Para ello se aborda su incidencia en distintos escenarios habituales en este tipo de sociedades: la baja del socio, el concurso de acreedores y la reclamación de defectos constructivos.
Lukianos és Kallistratos műtárgyleírásai: szöveg és hagyomány
Authors: Hajdú Attila
Published: January 2020

Lucian of Samosata’s descriptions of works of art are invaluable for the studying of the Classical and post-Classical Greek sculpture. The Second Sophistic author does not only give accurate and detailed descriptions about Greek sculptures and paintings, but as a real connoisseur of art he also judges them from the perspective of aesthetics. In the first main part of my paper, I will focus on the characteristics of his descriptions by analyzing the nude figure of Aphrodite of Cnidus made by Praxiteles and the ‘eclectic’ portrait of Panthea. The aim of the second part of my paper is to present the essential features of Ekphraseis of the sophist Callistratus who lived in Late Antiquity (IV–Vth century AD). It has been disputed if Callistratus’ work inspired by the rhetorical exercises has any art history values. This paper also raises the question how the tradition of both Lucian and Callistratus could influence the description of the sculpture ‘Apollo Belvedere’ included in Winckelmann's epoch-making Art History.
Tragédia és orvostudomány
Authors: Bán Katalin
Published: January 2020

In my study, I intend to examine and compare the different forms, manifestations, causes and treatments of insania in Celsus’ De Medicina and in Seneca’s Medea alongside with his prose works. Seneca’s tragedies – just like his prose works – present a deep interest in the psychological states of their characters. One of the best examples is Medea, which is a drama of passion, madness and the destructive forces in the soul. Comparing the tragedy with Celsus’ De Medicina, a nearly contemporary encyclopedic prose text on medical theory and practice, I intend to demonstrate that philosophical and medical understandings of madness interact at some level.
Petrarca a hét főbűnről: De remediis utriusque fortune, II 104-110
Authors: Ertl Péter , Lengyel Réka
Published: January 2020

Petrarch’s De remediis utriusque fortune, a monumental allegorical dialogue between human passions and Reason, was one of the author’s most influential Latin works since its publication in the second half of the 1360s until the 18–19th centuries. Its popularity is proved by a very large number of manuscripts, printed editions (from the editio princeps of Strasbourg, 1468), and translations into the vernacular. Nevertheless, a modern critical text of the dialogue has not been produced yet: the bilingual French edition by Cristophe Carraud and the Italian one by Ugo Dotti, now commonly used, are based (almost) exclusively on early prints. The aim of this contribution is to offer a new edition of chapters 104–110 of the second book of the dialogue about the seven deadly sins, amending the text provided by Carraud, with the help of a few manuscripts considered authoritative by previous scholarship (Venice, Marc., Lat. Z 475; Paris, BnF, Lat. 6496; Florence, BML, San Marco 340). We are aware, at the same time, of not having established a critical edition. The Latin text is accompanied by its first modern Hungarian translation and by a detailed commentary.
E. S. Piccolomini Historia de duobus amantibusa: Nyelvi és kulturális gátak tizenhat korai fordítás tükrében
Authors: Máté Ágnes
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses general factors influencing the translators of Eneas Silvius Piccolomini's Historia de duobus amantibus, who translated the love story from Latin into eight vernacular languages during the 15-16th centuries. These factors fell into two broader categories: linguistic limitations and cultural-moral restrictions. The paper argues that the limited knowledge of Latin language and the deficiencies of knowledge concerning classical culture or the moral reservations towards the original Latin text from the part of the translators all influenced the love story's translations. The paper offers a series of case studies to illustrate how translators operational in different vernaculars had faced similar problems and how diverse their responds were to them in altogether sixteen early translations of Historia. Originally written as a conference presentation in 2017, the present paper gives a short summary of the conclusions connected to translatology of the author's recently published monograph: MÁTÉ (2018).
Structuredness as a Measure of the Complexity of the Structure and the Role of Post-Dissipative Structures and Ratchet Processes in Evolution
Authors: Mikhailovsky George
Published: January 2020

As shown earlier, the algorithmic complexity, like Shannon information and Boltzmann entropy, tends to increase in accordance with the general law of complification. However, the algorithmic complexity of most material systems does not reach its maximum, i.e. chaotic state, due to the various laws of nature that create certain structures. The complexity of such structures is very different from the algorithmic complexity, and we intuitively feel that its maximal value should be somewhere between order and chaos. I propose a formula for calculation such structural complexity, which can be called - structuredness. The structuredness of any material system is determined by structures of three main types: stable, dissipative, and post-dissipative. The latter are defined as stable structures created by dissipative ones, directly or indirectly. Post-dissipative structures, as well as stable, can exist for an unlimited time, but at the micro level only, without energy influx. The appearance of such structures leads to the “ratchet” process, which determines the structure genesis in non-living and, especially, in living systems. This process allows systems with post-dissipative structures to develop in the direction of maximum structuring due to the gradual accumulation of these structures, even when such structuring contradicts the general law of complification.
Testing The Warrants Mispricing and Their Determinants: The Panel Data Models
Authors: Sakti Muhammad Rizky Prima , Qoyum Abdul
Published: January 2020

This paper empirically studied the impact of several variables such as moneyness, stock return, maturity, and volatility on the warrant mispricing. We selected 4 companies listed in Bursa Malaysia such as MHC Plantations Bhd, MKH Bhd, YFG Bhd, and UNISEM to investigate the mispricing of warrants. Subsequently, panel time series data employed with daily basis from 30 June 2010 until 30 June 2013. The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (BSOPM) used to determine the mispricing of warrant. Several panel data techniques employed in this study such as pooled-OLS, fixed effect model (FEM), and random effect model (REM). In turn, we found that FEM is well explained the determinants of warrant mispricing. Thus, empirical results suggest that moneyness, maturity, and volatility are positively and significantly explained the mispricing of warrant, while stock return does not give an impact toward the warrant mispricing. The BSOPM is consistently mispricing the warrant either in-the-money (ITM) or out-the money (OTM) warrants. The market is not efficient on the warrants traded for four companies observed
POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TUNGGAL DALAM MENDIDIK AGAMA (ISLAM) (STUDI KASUS DI DESA REJOSARI KECAMATAN KALIKAJAR KABUPATEN WONOSOBO)
Authors: Desy Desy
Published: January 2020

This study aims to assess parenting single parents in educating their children: parenting as what is given single parents in teaching religion to their children; what about the psychological impact of children treated as such. Subjects in this study were single parents whether caused due to divorce or death, as many as nine people consisting of three men and six women. The instrument of data collection using the questionnaire and observation sheet. Interviews were conducted to determine the type of parenting that given by single parents and observations conducted to observe the religious activities of children in following the activities of the landfill.The result showed that the majority (80%) of single parents using authoritarian parenting that emphasis on strict discipline without compromise, did not give a clear understanding in giving punishment to the child if the child makes a mistake, and often usea rough tone. The effect on children is that they often follow the activities of TPA (departing from the house to the landfill), but upon arrival at the landfill sometimes of them just playing around anyway (not the Koran), the children reasoned important he left home just for fun parents. They are not happy with the conditions at home because parents often scold even give physical punishment if they disobey his father or mother.
HADIS “KEUTAMAAN MENYAMPAIKAN SABDA NABI”: TINJAUAN TEORI COMMON LINK G.H.A. JUYNBOLL
Authors: Arifah Dzurrotul
Published: January 2020

Para orientalis –termasuk G.H.A. Juynboll- memiliki pandangan berbeda dengan ulama muslim mengenai asal-usul dan otentisitas hadis. Ulama muslim berpendapat bahwa hadis yang terdapat dalam kitab kanonik merupakan otentik dari Nabi, terlebih jika berstatus mutawattir. Sedangkan Juynboll berpendapat bahwa tidak semua hadis dalam kitab kanonik merupakan otentik dari Nabi, dan ke-mutawattir-an sebuah hadis tidak menjamin bahwa hadis tersebut benar-benar berasal dari Nabi. Penelitian ini menguji hadis “Keutamaan Menyampaikan Sabda Nabi” yang dinilai mutawattir dan otentik dari Nabi oleh mayoritas ulama muslim sertamerupakan salah satu sumber legitimasi umat Islam bahwa penyebaran hadis sudah digalakkan sejak masa Nabi. Kegelisahan penulis adalah, apakah hadis ini akan bernilai sama jika diteliti menggunakan teori common link G.H.A. Juynboll atau tidak. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan common link tertua (the real common link) dari hadis “Keutamaan Menyampaikan Sabda Nabi” yaitu ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud (w. 79 H), seorang tabi’in senior yang berasal dari Kufah. Dengan demikian, penelitian hadis “Keutamaan Menyampaikan Sabda Nabi” menggunakan teori common link menghasilkan kesimpulan berbeda dengan pendapat ulama muslim dari segi otentisitasnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ditujukan untuk memberi gambaran langkah-langkah aplikasi teori common link G.H.A. Juynboll terhadap sebuah hadis.
REINTERPRETASI HADIS PEREMPUAN TERCIPTA DARI TULANG RUSUK
Authors: Fadlillah Nilna
Published: January 2020

Pemahaman secara tekstual terhadap hadis penciptaan perempuan dari tulang rusuk mengarah pada pemahamanbahwa perempuan berada di bawah dominasi lelaki. Posisi ini menyebabkan gerak dan hak-hak perempuan menjadi sempit dan terbatas. Hal ini tentu bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai keadilan sebagai prinsip dasar agama Islam. Oleh karenanya, pengkajian ulang terhadap hadis ini perlu dilakukan secara lebih komprehensif. Melalui pengkajian ulang, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa hadis ini perlu dipahami secara metafor. Hadis penciptaan perempuan dari tulang rusuk sebenarnya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat dan martabat kaum perempuan, diposisikansebagai partner hidup. Sehinggarelasi laki-laki dan perempuan dapat tercipta secara harmoni dengan saling melindungi, menghargai dan saling menghormati.
Prisoners with disabilities in the Polish penitentiary system
Authors: NYMŚ-GÓRNA AGNIESZKA
Published: January 2020

Agnieszka Nymś-Górna, Prisoners with disabilities in the Polish penitentiary system. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 177-187. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.10

The article deals with the subject of both intellectually and physically disabled prisoners. It describes people with disabilities, the functioning of the therapeutic system for prisoners and the situation of detaining people with disabilities in penitentiary isolation. The text aims to sensitise this issue and to identify this problem in the organisation of the penitentiary system.
Na ratunek prawdziwej koncepcji przyjaźni, czyli Przyjaźń duchowa Elreda z Rievaulx jako remedium na kryzys przyjaźni wśród ludzi młodych
Authors: Graczyk Waldemar
Published: January 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie propozycji odpowiedzi na kryzys zjawiska przyjaźni, w szczególności przyjaźni między młodymi ludźmi. Taką propozycją, która wydaje się aktualna, może być model duchowej przyjaźni Aelreda z Rievaulx. W swoim najsłynniejszym dziele „De spirituali amicitia” krytykuje on relacje oparte wyłącznie na użyteczności, przyjemności i proponuje przyjaźń opartą na miłości Chrystusa. Według cysterskiego Opata przyjaźń z Chrystusem może stanowić punkt wyjścia dla relacji międzyludzkich. Z drugiej strony zaś strony, przyjaźń z ludźmi może doprowadzić nas do bliskiej więzi z Bogiem. Młodym ludziom, którzy są dziećmi swoich czasów, niezwykle trudno jest budować relacje oparte na prawdziwej miłości, dlatego propozycja Aelreda może być lekarstwem na ich problemy, pojawiające się w relacjach interpersonalnych, a nawet prawdziwa przyjaźń, oparta na miłości agapicznej, może okazać się rodzajem duchowej terapii dla młodych ludzi. Ponadto koncepcja duchowej przyjaźni może służyć ewangelizacji młodego pokolenia. Wreszcie młodzi ludzie, którzy pragną znaleźć współmałżonka na całe życie i stworzyć rodzinę, dzięki kultywowaniu prawdziwych przyjaźni, mogą nauczyć się jak żyć w głębokich relacjach. Teologia przyjaźni Aelreda z Rievaulx stanowi więc szkołę cnót dla współczesnej młodzieży.
Supradegeneracy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Authors: Sheehan Daniel P.
Published: January 2020

Canonical statistical mechanics hinges on two quantities, i. e., state degeneracy and the Boltzmann factor, the latter of which usually dominates thermodynamic behaviors. A recently identified phenomenon (supradegeneracy) reverses this order of dominance and predicts effects for equilibrium that are normally associated with non-equilibrium, including population inversion and steady-state particle and energy currents. This study examines two thermodynamic paradoxes that arise from supradegeneracy and proposes laboratory experiments by which they might be resolved.
Engaging Students in Learning: Teaching the Reference Transaction
Authors: Al-Qallaf Charlene Lyn
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of applying a series of passive and active learning activities including a practice-based assignment when teaching the reference transaction to 43 students enrolled in a graduate program at Kuwait University. Students were asked to visit an academic library of their choice and approach the reference desk with a distinct information need. Based on the 2013 RUSA behavioral guidelines, students rated their perceptions of the behavioral attributes of reference librarians during the reference transaction encounter. In addition, two open-ended questions asked students for their opinions and feedback regarding their interaction with reference librarians. Finally, a three-hour class session was allocated for students’ reflection and discussion of their learning experience. All students participated in the study. Students found librarians approachable and exhibited interest in their inquiries. However, they showed less proficiency in their searching skills, managing and facilitating the use of results as well as applying follow-up activities. Students’ views and beliefs regarding their learning experience showed that the experiential nature of the assignment provided insight into the nuances of reference librarians, interviewing techniques, and the extent of subject knowledge and skills essential for a successful reference transaction. The results show that teaching students the reference transaction using a practice-based assignment coupled with having students assess the reference librarians’ performance provides a practical perspective that enhances student learning. Further, the benefits in using multiple methods and strategies in teaching the reference transaction that emerged from the study is deemed valuable for library and information science education in the design and development of course content.
Multizone barrel temperature control of the eccentric rotor extrusion process
Authors: Wen Sheng-Ping , Hong Pei-Feng , Huang Pei-Hui
Published: January 2020

The eccentric rotor extruder is a new kind of extrusion equipment with novel structure and outstanding engineering performance. As the structure of the eccentric rotor extruder is different from that of the traditional screw extruder, the control of the barrel temperature becomes important, including avoiding the influence of heating coupling and achieving high control accuracy. A neuron proportional-integral-derivative (neuron-PID) control algorithm of barrel temperature for the eccentric rotor extruder is introduced. The neural self-learning algorithm is able to tune PID parameters online, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to optimize the initial weight coefficients of the neuron. The experimental results show that the PSO-neuron-PID controller has the advantages of low overshoot and high control accuracy, and the influence of heat coupling can be counteracted effectively.
Das kurze Dritte Reich: Zur Frage der Kontinuität sozioökonomischer Strukturen zwischen der Weimarer Republik, dem Dritten Reich und der Bundesrepublik
Authors: Spoerer Mark
Published: January 2020

Vor einigen Jahren stellte der Wirtschaftshistoriker Albrecht Ritschl in dieser Zeitschrift die These auf, dass die sozioökonomischen Strukturen der Bundesrepublik in stärkerem Umfang durch Pfadabhängigkeiten aus dem Dritten Reich geprägt seien als durch die bundesrepublikanische Ordnungspolitik. In diesem Artikel unterzieht Mark Spoerer diese These einer kritischen Überprüfung. Aus einer funktionalen Perspektive argumentiert er in Hinblick auf (1) die Wettbewerbsintensität, (2) den materiellen Wohlstand und dessen Verteilung sowie (3) die Produzenten- und Konsumentensouveränität, dass die frühe Bundesrepublik viel stärker durch Anknüpfung an ordnungspolitische Traditionen aus der Weimarer Zeit als durch Pfadabhängigkeiten aus dem Dritten Reich charakterisiert war.
Combined Sprint Interval, Plyometric, and Strength Training in Adolescent Soccer Players: Effects on Measures of Speed, Strength, Power, Change of Direction, and Anaerobic Capacity
Authors: Ferley Derek D. , Scholten Shane , Vukovich Matthew D.
Published: January 2020

Ferley, DD, Scholten, S, and Vukovich, MD. Combined sprint interval, plyometric, and strength training in adolescent soccer players: effects on measures of speed, strength, power, change of direction, and anaerobic capacity. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 957–968, 2020—During winter, many soccer players train indoors to improve the aerobic and anaerobic demands of their sport. Sprint interval training (SIT) performed on a treadmill using level and graded conditions represents a viable alternative to traditional endurance conditioning. To date, little research exists contrasting the effects of these conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation included examining the effects of 2 approaches combining SIT, plyometrics, and strength training on performance measures in soccer players aged 13–18 years over 8 weeks. Forty-six subjects were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 performed SIT using predominantly inclined treadmill conditions combined with resistance and plyometric training (INC, n = 17). Group 2 performed SIT using level treadmill grades and completed the same resistance and plyometric training (LEV, n = 14). Group 3 was a control group representing various sports who continued their normal training (CON, n = 15). Pre- and posttests assessed speed, strength, change of direction, and anaerobic capacity, including sprint speed (9.1 and 18.3 m sprint), unilateral triple hop for distance (3HOP_L and 3HOP_R), pro agility change of direction (PA); treadmill running to exhaustion on a 20% grade (CFMod), and hip flexor maximum strength (HF_1RM). After training, INC and LEV improved more in all measures compared with CON. Furthermore, INC improved significantly more compared with LEV in 9.1- and 18.3-m sprint, 3HOP_L and 3HOP_R, PA, CFMod, and HF_1RM (p < 0.05). We conclude that strength and plyometric training combined with incline-based SIT is more effective than a similar training approach using level-grade SIT.
Phase-Specific Motor Efference during a Rhythmic Motor Pattern
Authors: Alonso Ignacio , Sanchez Merlinsky Agustín , Szczupak Lidia
Published: January 2020

Neuronal circuits that control motor behaviors orchestrate multiple tasks, including the inhibition of self-generated sensory signals. In the hermaphroditic leech, T and P mechanosensory neurons respond to light touch and pressure on the skin, respectively. We show that the low threshold T cells were also sensitive to topological changes of the animal surface, caused by contraction of the muscles that erect the skin annuli. P cells were unresponsive to this movement. Annuli erection is part of the contraction phase of crawling, a leech locomotive behavior. In isolated ganglia, T cells showed phase-dependent IPSPs during dopamine-induced fictive crawling, whereas P cells were unaffected. The timing and magnitude of the T-IPSPs were highly correlated with the activity of the motoneurons excited during the contraction phase. Together, the results suggest that the central network responsible for crawling sends a reafferent signal onto the T cells, concomitant with the signal to the motoneurons. This reafference is specifically targeted at the sensory neurons that are affected by the movements; and it is behaviorally relevant as excitation of T cells affected the rhythmic motor pattern, probably acting upon the rhythmogenic circuit. Corollary discharge is a highly conserved function of motor systems throughout evolution, and we provide clear evidence of the specificity of its targets and timing and of the benefit of counteracting self-generated sensory input.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal circuits that control motor behaviors orchestrate multiple tasks, including inhibition of sensory signals originated by the animal movement, a phenomenon known as corollary discharge. Leeches crawl on solid surfaces through a sequence of elongation and contraction movements. During the contraction, the skin topology changes, affecting a subpopulation of mechanosensory receptors, T (touch) neurons, but not P (pressure) sensory neurons. In the isolated nervous system, T neurons were inhibited during the contraction but not during the elongation phase, whereas P cells were unaffected throughout crawling. Excitation of T cells during the contraction phase temporarily disrupted the rhythmic pattern. Thus, corollary discharge was target (T vs P) and phase (contraction vs elongation) specific, and prevented self-generated signals to perturb motor behaviors.
Genome-Wide Association Study in Two Cohorts from a Multi-generational Mouse Advanced Intercross Line Highlights the Difficulty of Replication Due to Study-Specific Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhou Xinzhu , St. Pierre Celine L , Gonzales Natalia M , Zou Jennifer , Cheng Riyan , Chitre Apurva S , Sokoloff Greta , Palmer Abraham A
Published: January 2020

There has been extensive discussion of the “Replication Crisis” in many fields, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We explored replication in a mouse model using an advanced intercross line (AIL), which is a multigenerational intercross between two inbred strains. We re-genotyped a previously published cohort of LG/J x SM/J AIL mice (F34; n = 428) using a denser marker set and genotyped a new cohort of AIL mice (F39-43; n = 600) for the first time. We identified 36 novel genome-wide significant loci in the F34 and 25 novel loci in the F39-43 cohort. The subset of traits that were measured in both cohorts (locomotor activity, body weight, and coat color) showed high genetic correlations, although the SNP heritabilities were slightly lower in the F39-43 cohort. For this subset of traits, we attempted to replicate loci identified in either F34 or F39-43 in the other cohort. Coat color was robustly replicated; locomotor activity and body weight were only partially replicated, which was inconsistent with our power simulations. We used a random effects model to show that the partial replications could not be explained by Winner’s Curse but could be explained by study-specific heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity, we performed a mega-analysis by combining F34 and F39-43 cohorts (n = 1,028), which identified four novel loci associated with locomotor activity and body weight. These results illustrate that even with the high degree of genetic and environmental control possible in our experimental system, replication was hindered by study-specific heterogeneity, which has broad implications for ongoing concerns about reproducibility.
Interactively AUDIT Your Growth Curves with a Suite of R Packages
Authors: Coutin Nicolas P J , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey
Published: January 2020

Bottlenecks often occur during data analysis when studying microbial growth in liquid culture at large scale. A researcher can collect thousands of growth curves, repeated measures of a microbial liquid culture, at once in multiple micro titer plates by purpose-built robotic instruments. However, it can be difficult and time-consuming to inspect and analyze these data. This is especially true for researchers without programming experience. To enable this researcher, we created and describe an interactive application: Automated Usher for Data Inspection and Tidying (AUDIT). It allows the user to analyze growth curve data generated from one or more runs each with one or more micro titer plates alongside their experimental design. AUDIT covers input, pre-processing, summarizing, visual exploration and output. Compared to previously available tools AUDIT handles more data, provides live previews and is built from individually re-usable pieces distributed as R packages.
Selective Sweeps Under Dominance and Inbreeding
Authors: Hartfield Matthew , Bataillon Thomas
Published: January 2020

A major research goal in evolutionary genetics is to uncover loci experiencing positive selection. One approach involves finding ‘selective sweeps’ patterns, which can either be ‘hard sweeps’ formed by de novo mutation, or ‘soft sweeps’ arising from recurrent mutation or existing standing variation. Existing theory generally assumes outcrossing populations, and it is unclear how dominance affects soft sweeps. We consider how arbitrary dominance and inbreeding via self-fertilization affect hard and soft sweep signatures. With increased self-fertilization, they are maintained over longer map distances due to reduced effective recombination and faster beneficial allele fixation times. Dominance can affect sweep patterns in outcrossers if the derived variant originates from either a single novel allele, or from recurrent mutation. These models highlight the challenges in distinguishing hard and soft sweeps, and propose methods to differentiate between scenarios.
Multi-trait Genomic Prediction Model Increased the Predictive Ability for Agronomic and Malting Quality Traits in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Bhatta Madhav , Gutierrez Lucia , Cammarota Lorena , Cardozo Fernanda , Germán Silvia , Gómez-Guerrero Blanca , Pardo María Fernanda , Lanaro Valeria , Sayas Mercedes , Castro Ariel J
Published: January 2020

Plant breeders regularly evaluate multiple traits across multiple environments, which opens an avenue for using multiple traits in genomic prediction models. We assessed the potential of multi-trait (MT) genomic prediction model through evaluating several strategies of incorporating multiple traits (eight agronomic and malting quality traits) into the prediction models with two cross-validation schemes (CV1, predicting new lines with genotypic information only and CV2, predicting partially phenotyped lines using both genotypic and phenotypic information from correlated traits) in barley. The predictive ability was similar for single (ST-CV1) and multi-trait (MT-CV1) models to predict new lines. However, the predictive ability for agronomic traits was considerably increased when partially phenotyped lines (MT-CV2) were used. The predictive ability for grain yield using the MT-CV2 model with other agronomic traits resulted in 57% and 61% higher predictive ability than ST-CV1 and MT-CV1 models, respectively. Therefore, complex traits such as grain yield are better predicted when correlated traits are used. Similarly, a considerable increase in the predictive ability of malting quality traits was observed when correlated traits were used. The predictive ability for grain protein content using the MT-CV2 model with both agronomic and malting traits resulted in a 76% higher predictive ability than ST-CV1 and MT-CV1 models. Additionally, the higher predictive ability for new environments was obtained for all traits using the MT-CV2 model compared to the MT-CV1 model. This study showed the potential of improving the genomic prediction of complex traits by incorporating the information from multiple traits (cost-friendly and easy to measure traits) collected throughout breeding programs which could assist in speeding up breeding cycles.
What Type of Cavalry Did Lithuanians Use to Counter the Crusaders in the 13th Century?
Authors: Šmidtas Eligijus
Published: January 2020

This article is dedicated to investigating the problems regarding the existence of Lithuanian cavalry in the 13th century as well as the identification of its type and its ability to counter the heavy cavalry of the West. Firstly, we analyze the validity of different opinions about the date when Lithuanians began to fight on horseback that are revealed in our historiography – that this had happened on the junction of the 13th and 14th centuries, on the second half of the 13th century, or long before the beginning of the Baltic crusade. We come to a conclusion that there is enough evidence to support the third opinion, oriented at pre-crusader times. Furthermore, we agree with the idea, soundly based in the description of the source, that these forces were light cavalry. In the second part of our article, we address attention to the peculiarity of the tactics employed by the previously mention cavalry forces: even being able to fight on horseback, these units would get out of their saddles and because of that were often mistaken for infantry. Even more, they would intentionally seek out areas unfavorable for cavalry forces (forests, for example), fighting on foot in these environments, because in those places the enemy was not capable of using anything to their advantage: big war horses, better armor, a close battle order, or lances. The article suggests that this battle method lets us determine, with more precision, the type of Lithuanian light cavalry, equating it to the better-known Irish hobelars who had served in England’s army. In the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia, the equivalent of hobelars were the native “free” Prussians. Both these types of units rode small horses, fought equally well on horseback as well as on foot, and used javelins. In the last part, we argue on the possibilities of such light cavalry overcoming its heavier counterparts. According to the author of this paper, such possibilities would arise only occasionally – when knights were trapped in swamps in the forests or did some sort of tactical mistake. Eliminating this backwardness, the Lithua­nian state had begun using heavy cavalry forces by the early 15th century.
Thyroid Storm in a Toddler Presenting as a Febrile Seizure
Authors: Ladd Jennifer M. , Sabsabi Bayane , von Oettingen Julia E.
Published: January 2020

Although simple febrile seizures are relatively common and benign in toddlers, it is important to rule out any underlying critical disease that necessitates further intervention and treatment. Thyroid storm, the extreme manifestation of hyperthyroidism, is relatively rare and not often considered in the differential diagnosis of a febrile seizure despite its high mortality rate. Here, we report 1 of the youngest patients with thyroid storm, who initially presented with a febrile seizure. After reevaluation, the 2-year-9-month-old patient was discovered to have thyromegaly, which led to recognition that her persistent tachycardia and widened pulse pressure were likely signs of thyrotoxicosis. Laboratory results were consistent with primary hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Thyroid storm was then diagnosed on the basis of clinical features including gastrointestinal and central nervous system disturbances. Treatment with methimazole, propranolol, hydrocortisone, and Lugol’s iodine solution was used. This medication regimen was safe and effective with restoration of a euthyroid state after 2 months and no recurrence of seizures. Improved awareness of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment of this endocrine emergency, thus reducing mortality and morbidity. Pediatricians should consider this diagnosis in children with febrile seizures and suggestive vital signs and physical examination findings.
The relationship between tumor budding and survival in colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Ozer Songul Peltek , Barut Saime Gul , Ozer Bahri , Catal Oguz , Sit Mustafa
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Tumor budding is a parameter that is increasingly understood in colorectal carcinomas. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor budding, prognostic factors, and survival METHODS A total of 185 patients who had undergone colorectal surgery were observed. Tumor budding, the tumor budding score, and the relationship between these and prognostic factors, and survival investigated. RESULTS Tumor budding was found in 91 (49.2%) cases. The relationship between the tumor budding score and histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, pathological lymph node stage, and mortality rates were significant. CONCLUSION In our study, the relationship between tumor budding and survival is very strong. Considering these findings and the literature, the prognostic significance of tumor budding becomes clear and should be stated in pathology reports.
Evaluation of KI-67 expression in uterine leiomyoma and in healthy myometrium: a pilot study
Authors: Eulálio Filho Walberto Monteiro Neiva , Soares Eduardo Augusto Sousa , Lima Maria Simone Oliveira , Brazil Emerson Davi do Nascimento , Rodrigues Rodolfo Myronn de Melo , Zeron Rubens Moura Campos , Silva Benedito Borges , Costa Pedro Vitor Lopes
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Evaluate the expression of KI-67 in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent myometrial tissue and verify the existence of a correlation between clinical parameters and KI-67 expression in tumors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, controlled, analytical study. Samples of leiomyomas and myometrium were obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomy. The samples were processed by immunohistochemistry using KI-67 antibody, and the expression was evaluated by two blinded observers. Student›s T-test was used for comparison of means, and Pearson›s P test for correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS A total of 9 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, ranging from 35 to 44 years. The mean expression of KI-67 in myometrium was 1.63%, and, in leiomyomas, 5.96% (p <0.001). The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level. CONCLUSION The expression of KI-67 in normal myometrium was significantly lower than in leiomyomas. The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level in the patients of this study.
Mortality in motorcycle accidents in Alagoas (2001-2015): temporal and spatial modeling before and after the “lei seca”
Authors: Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Paiva João Paulo Silva de , Leal Thiago Cavalcanti , Silva Leonardo Feitosa da , Machado Michael Ferreira , Araújo Maria Deysiane Porto de
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological profile and the Spatio-temporal distribution of mortality in motorcycle accidents in Alagoas before (2001-2007) and after the “Lei seca” (2008-2015). METHODS This is a mixed ecologic study. All deaths in the state with the codes V20-V29 (ICD-10) as the basic cause were included in the study. Sociodemographic variables and mortality rates per sex were analyzed. For the temporal analysis, the inflection point regression model was used. For spatial analysis, the rates were smoothed by the Local Empirical Bayesian Model and, subsequently, the Global and Local Moran statistic was used to identify the spatial clusters of risk. RESULTS There were 1458 deaths caused by motorcycle accidents in the period studied; the following characteristics about the victims stand out: male (91.29%), economically active age (82.93%), and brown race (78.12%). In the male population, there was a growth trend between 2001 and 2007 (19.0%, p<0.001), and a decline from 2008 (-11.2%, p<0.001). Spatial modeling showed that the areas with the highest risk of mortality are located in the agreste and sertão of the state (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Mortality in motorcycle accidents is an important public health problem in Alagoas, with an emphasis on male mortality and geographic concentration within the state.