bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULATORY CHALLENGES FOR THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BULGARIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Trakia University - Stara Zagora, Delcheva Elvira , Nencheva Iskra ,   Trakia University - Stara Zagora, Penev Nikolay ,   Trakia University - Stara Zagora
Published: August 2021

An integral part of the conditions of the agricultural market in Bulgaria are the laws and regulations collected in ordinances and regulations imposed by state agencies monitoring the quality and safety of agricultural products traded on the Bulgarian market. The goals are to achieve equal conditions for market participation, tax reporting, quality control. In the last two years we have been observers and participants in the accompanying Covid-19 crisis related to the consequences of Covid-19, both in Bulgaria and the European Union, and around the world. Inevitably, the effects of the restriction and the measures caused by the crown crisis will continue to prolong over time in the agricultural sector and agriculture in general. The purpose of this study is to trace how the current regulatory norms affect the sale of agricultural production and how the restriction has affected the crisis. Are regulatory norms a condition for market development or are they a barrier to market entry and survival and what protection do they provide to end users?
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Nikolaeva Valeria
Published: August 2021

The promotion of sustainable development and water management is among the main objectives of the Water Framework Directive and as well as the new EU Common Agricultural Policy. This requires both efficient use of water resources and reduction of the harmful effects of human activities, including agriculture. From this perspective, based on the production trends over the last ten years, the report assesses the opportunities and challenges for self-sufficient production of four major vegetable crops in Bulgaria by optimizing the use of water resources.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA - OPPORTUNITIES, OBSTACLES, PROSPECTS
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Slavova Gergana
Published: August 2021

The modern, technological and increasingly dynamic world in which we live gradually requires a change not only in the way of thinking, but also in the way of working in every field of activity, including agrarian business. Gradually, during the different stages of its development, agriculture goes through different epochs and stages of development. At the present stage, agriculture has successfully passed the degree of mechanization, precision and has confidently focused on digitalization. This report aims to reveal the essence of digital agriculture, to distinguish it from precision and to highlight the opportunities, obstacles and prospects for its development. In order to achieve this goal, a survey has been developed covering agricultural producers, leaseholders and students from the agricultural business. Methods of deduction, induction, comparative analysis, survey method and pre-structured in-depth interview are applied.
LOGISTICS MODELS AS A SUSTAINABLE TOOL AGROBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Linkova Marusya , Lazarova Elitsa ,   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov
Published: August 2021

One of the most significant problems in modern society is related to the sustainable development of the economy in the conditions of market transformations. An alarming finding are the negative trends in the development of agriculture - priority export of unprocessed agricultural products, low gross fixed capital formation, presence of weak horizontal and vertical links in the food chain, weak investment and innovation activity and many more. etc. The construction of logistics models and the formation of logistics chains in agriculture is a market reaction of business to added value and a tool for sustainable development of both agribusiness and rural areas in Bulgaria.
NATIONAL AND GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF AGRIBUSINESS
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Nenova Radka
Published: August 2021

Solving the problem of food security of the population is a challenge at national and global level. The main driving force in this initiative is agribusiness. The aim of the paper is to determine the national and global importance of agribusiness. To achieve it, the following tasks are formulated: a brief description of the leading agribusiness companies in Bulgaria and in the world; considering the possibilities for different types of associations in smaller companies; comparisons of the scale and orientation of agribusiness companies in Bulgaria and in the world. Based on a study of existing rankings for agribusiness companies, it was concluded that in Bulgaria there are small, medium and large successful companies. The most dynamic of them are mainly companies in the grain sector. The world's leading agribusiness companies are mainly European, and many of them are focused on sustainable development, feeding the population and reducing the harmful effects on the climate.
AGRIBUSINESS IN BULGARIA - STATE AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Petrov Plamen
Published: August 2021

With the end of the second programming period of Bulgaria's membership in the European Union and the harmonization of the national legislation with the directives establishing the common agricultural policy, the debate about changes and forthcoming strategic moves to put the business in the agricultural segment on the basis of dynamic, economically justified and technologically guaranteed progress is becoming more and more insistent. In the context of the conceptual scheme and in view of the new economic realities, the aim of the present study is to trace the place of the agrarian business in the Bulgarian economy, outlining its state and problems.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURA PROPER MANAGEMENT BY FAT AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, Velkovski Valery
Published: August 2021

In the management of agricultural lands in the Republic of Bulgaria, according to the current legislation, natural persons - owners and users of agricultural lands, legal entities, state bodies and local authorities take part. The Law on the Ownership and Use of Agricultural Land, the Law on the Protection of Agricultural Land, the Regulations on their Implementation and other legal acts regulate the active role of local authorities in the management of agricultural land. This management covers a serious range of tasks and activities, such as: management of lands from the municipal land fund; - consolidation of massifs of agricultural land; reclamation of agricultural lands; exchange of agricultural land; - renting and / or leasing and similar. In addition, local authorities participate in the management of agricultural land, cooperating with the territorial structures of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and other state bodies. The subject of consideration and analysis in the report are some conceptual aspects of the management of agricultural land by local authorities, and the subject of examination are primarily the legislation in this area and the resulting positive and negative effects of their implementation.
PROCESS APPROACH - PREVENTION OR RESPONSE IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION ACTIVITIES
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Stoilov Daniel
Published: August 2021

In modern farming, pest control on agricultural crops is becoming increasingly important to ensure that all stakeholder requirements are met. This report examines the specifics of the management of plant protection activities by applying the cycle Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) set as a basic principle in the international standard BDS EN ISO 9001: 2015, containing the requirements for quality management systems. The opportunities for application of scientific approaches and methods in a system for quality management of plant protection activities through the application of a process approach in the identification and management of processes and their interrelations are presented.
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Vapors Against Fungi Isolated from Car Air- Conditioner Filters
Authors: Salah M. Al-Bader  , Layla Qasim Ismael  , Hoshyar Saadi Ali  , Abdul_Haleem S. Al-Tamim  , Ahmad Abbas Saleh
Published: September 2021

Background/A car air conditioner AC filter is a suitable place for microbial growth. Fungal structures or/ andtheir by-products are pollutants of car air space. They are transmitted via air current forward passengers. Mostisolates were reported as allergens and mycotoxins producers. Chemical and less nonchemical treatmentswere followed to solve this problem. The current study aims to isolate and identify fungi associated withCAC filters and discuss the relationship between the fungal community with car age and the types of seatcoats. Also, we inspected the antifungal activity of the vapor and liquid phases of five essential oils invitro. Methods/ A cross-section study was followed, a swap samples were collected during one week. Theywere cultured on Sabouroad’s dextrose agar and Typha pollens agar. Plates were incubated at (25oC ±2).The highest occurrence% were Penicillium sp. > Alternaria sp. > Aspergillus (3sp.), while Acremoniumsp.,Rhizopus sp., Rodotorula sp. and Stachybotrys sp., showed low O% as well as yellow yeast and sterilemycelia. The crude oils of Hacinathus sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Myrtus communis, Eucalyptus sp.,and Cyperus rotundus were extracted and examined. ANOVA test showed that C.citratus oil vapor phasesignificantly affects the dominant isolate. Conclusion/ Car AC filter is a source of fungal structures withhealth impact. Liquid and vapor phases of EOs are probably practical alternatives to control fungal ACcontamination
The Tensor Product of Zero-Divisor Graphs of Variation Monogenic Semigroups
Authors: Akwu Abolape , Al Subaiei Bana
Published: August 2021

The tensor product of zero-divisor graphs of variation monogenic semigroups Γ(VS_Mn^1) and Γ(VS_Mm^2) is studied. The vertices(x_1^i,x_2^j) and (x_1^k,x_2^f) of the tensor product of this graph are adjacent whenever gcd(i,k)=1,i+k>n,gcd(j,f)=1 ,j+f>m. Some properties of tensor product graphs are obtained, such as girth, diameter, chromatic, clique and domination numbers.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Depot Nanda di Kota Bekasi
Authors: Parantoro Apri
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence and the relationship between leadership style and employee performance. The data collected through a sample to represent the entire population and data collection using a questionnaire. The method used is descriptive method with data collection through questionnaires and observations. The T test results show a significant effect of leadership style on employee performance, it is proven that the variable (X) leadership style and variable (Y) employee performance have a significant value of 0.00 less than 0.05, so it is concluded that the hypothesis is accepted with significantly strong.

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dan hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dengan kinerja pegawai. Data dikumpulkan melalui sampel untuk mewakili seluruh populasi dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui angket dan observasi. Hasil uji T menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan, terbukti bahwa variabel (X) gaya kepemimpinan dan variabel (Y) kinerja karyawan memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,00 lebih kecil dari 0,05, sehingga disimpulkan hipotesis diterima dengan sangat kuat.
La Tecnología Educativa en el Proceso de Formación Docente
Authors: Viera Iván Ariel
Published: August 2021

En el presente ensayo se realizó un recorrido sobre los materiales didácticos tradicionales y las nuevas tecnologías que se han implementado en la formación docente. Se llevó a cabo bajo la premisa de que la educación debe estar diseñada para cultivar y fomentar las habilidades en el desarrollo de las nuevas habilidades. En la actualidad, se hace referencia a la alfabetización digital. Dichas competencias, necesarias en esta era, deben mejorarse, rediseñarse y repensarse desde una nueva perspectiva. Los enormes cambios tecnológicos que está experimentando el mundo moderno transforman también las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la información es el nuevo motor del progreso. Sin una educación de calidad para todos, es imposible una sociedad del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, frente a las habilidades emergentes y nuevas culturas, los docentes deben asumir el desafío de promover el acceso universal a las tecnologías y las habilidades necesarias para garantizar su uso. En esta línea, se buscó destacar la importancia de la capacitación en la formación docente sobre las nuevas tecnologías y su implementación en el proceso educativo, con el fin de mejorar y fomentar el aprendizaje de los alumnos.
La Cultura Escolar: Concepto Clave para Entender la Implicación Escolar
Authors: Basogain-Urrutia Jon Xabier
Published: August 2021

La investigación educativa en los últimos años está prestando mayor atención a la implicación escolar. Se trata de una herramienta valiosa para conocer la relación de los estudiantes con la escuela, así como su grado de implicación con la misma. La implicación escolar, como herramienta de medición, aporta datos de gran valor para entender cómo se desarrolla esa implicación y qué variables interfieren en ella; además, ha quedado sobradamente demostrado que funciona como excelente indicador de problemas futuros como el abandono escolar. Aun así, tradicionalmente se ha ignorado el contexto escolar en el que se han recogido los datos. Se han tenido en cuenta algunos datos que atañen a las características del centro (nivel socioeconómico, lugar, edad del alumnado…), pero se ha obviado todo lo que sucedía dentro de la escuela. Así, este trabajo defiende que los datos de la implicación escolar deben estar sustentados por el conocimiento de la cultura escolar. De lo contrario, todo intento de entender o justificar la implicación, sin conocer la realidad o la cultura escolar, estará basado en teorías e hipótesis que se alejan del contexto real. En este ensayo se propuso un nuevo enfoque que destaca la necesidad de poner en valor la cultura escolar como concepto clave para entender la implicación en la escuela. Se diseñó un modelo novedoso de siete variables donde la implicación escolar y el ambiente de la escuela (la cultura escolar) son estudiadas conjuntamente, de tal manera que se consigan los datos necesarios para establecer relaciones causa-efecto y formular hipótesis adecuadas.
Caracterización del Derecho Informático: Influencia Docente y el Rendimiento Académico Enfocado desde la Consciencia Antijurídica
Authors: Crespo-Berti Luis Andrés
Published: August 2021

Este ensayo demandó un análisis interpretativo derivado de la cátedra Derecho informático en la colegiatura de la carrera de Derecho inserta en el eje profesional de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, extensión Ibarra del Ecuador. Tuvo como propósito sustentar el escenario que encierra la conducta de los antisociales que emplean medios electrónicos, telemáticos o computacionales de cara a la llamada era digital por la ubicuidad del mundo conectado con base en un factor dual sindémico que ahora supone a más del brote pandémico, el avasallante oportunismo de los llamados clanes de la red por las interacciones que desbordan y exacerban el pronóstico de carga delictual en la vulneración del bien jurídico protegido por la legislaciones no solo local, sino en el tablero internacional como lo es la seguridad de los activos de los sistemas de información y comunicación como respuesta a la situación problémica que se expande a una velocidad vertiginosa a partir de una perspectiva didáctica sumida en los discentes. Reflexión que combinó el dominio jurídico-pedagógico que permitió enriquecer y robustecer con posturas explícitamente evaluadas por opiniones vertidas dadas a conocer sobre la real administración instruccional del Derecho informático, como rama suigéneris de las Ciencias jurídicas con énfasis en penal.
Practical and theoretical implications of medical tourism on dental practitioners and technicians
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, BURLIBAŞA Mihai , PERIEANU Viorel ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, COSTEA Radu ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, GHIUŢĂ Consuela ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, GRIGORESCU Ioana ,   Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos“, Galaţi, PERIEANU Mădălina Violeta ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, DAVID Mihai ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, TĂNASE Gabriela ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, MARCOV Narcis ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, MARCOV Elena-Cristina ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, COSTEA Raluca ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, IONESCU Ileana ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study is to draw attention of dental medicine specialist’s team on risks they are exposed to, by modifying treatment plans in order to fit medical tourism programs. Material and method. In this study a questionnaire was applied to a number of 173 dentists with different specializations, regarding the adaption of treatment options for patients from medical tourism programs and risks posed by changes they had applied. Results. The analysis of results shows that the treatment approach for medical tourists is mostly based on a multidisciplinary team. In terms of quality of the treatment it is distinguished the use of specialists focused on specific fields of dentistry, but we must not neglect the fact that the therapeutical act is adapted to a reduced treatment time. Conclusions. For most of professionals of dental tourism, the financial aspect comes first and not the ethical aspect of medical care.
Celiac disease: diagnosis and dilemmas
Authors:   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi, MUCENICA Irina Manuela , IGNAT Ancuţa ,   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi, PĂDURARU Gabriela ,   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi, DRUICĂ Andrada ,   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi, LUPU Valeriu Vasile ,   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi, BURLEA Marin ,   Disciplina Pediatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr.T.Popa”, Iaşi
Published: September 2021

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition may develop at any age, triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The most frequent intestinal manifestations include diarrhea and weight loss. Common extradigestive manifestations include iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis. The authors presents a clinical case diagnosed with celiac disease expressed with gastrointestinal and extradigestive symptoms, such as abdominal pain, flatulence, anemia, impaired hepatic function and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Spontaneous hemoperitoneum by the rupture of a large stromal gastric tumour
Authors:   Clinica Chirurgie IV, Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, BORCAN R. , GRĂDINARU S. ,   Clinica Chirurgie IV, Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, STOICEA M. ,   Departamentul de Anatomie Patologică, Synevo Bucureşti, ADAM Erika ,   Clinica de Radiologie, Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, NICA Adriana Elena ,   Secţia Clinică ATI 2, Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, OPRESCU S.M. ,   Clinica Chirurgie IV, Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

The 48 year old patient, admitted to the Clinic IV for Digestive Surgery – Emergency University Hospital, presenting with symptoms of acute abdomen: intense diffuse abdominal pain, paleness of tissue and mucous membranes, nausea and vomiting. Pain started abruptly and agressively in the epigastrium 12 hours before admission to the hospital and then it spread to the abdomen, analgezic, not responding to the usual analgesic treatment. The anamnesis showed the patient repeatedly accused pain in the superior abdominal compartment, associated with nausea and vomiting, interpreted as dyspeptic syndrome of (probably) biliary etiology, responsive to the antispastic treatment. Intraoperatively, a diagnostic was established: hemoperitoneum due to the spontaneous rupture of a voluminous tumor (>10 cm), with extraluminal evolution in the gastric fornix and the macroscopic outlook of a GIST. Total gastrectomy is performed, with DII lymph node dissection (lymphadenectomy) and reconstruction of digestive continuity through Roux-en-Y eso-jejunal-anastomosis. The anatomo-pathological exam highlighted a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), TNM staging: pT4; pN0 (0/17); LV0; Pn0; R0. The patient had a favourable evolution. Since this type of pathology is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose, we believed it would be useful to present and review its micro and macroscopic aspects.
Epidemiological aspects in bronchiectasis
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic „Nicolae Malaxa“, Bucureşti, OBILIŞTEANU Gabriela C. , MATEI Alexandru ,   Spitalul Clinic „Nicolae Malaxa“, Bucureşti, ULMEANU Ruxandra ,   Institutul de Pneumoftiziologie „Marius Nasta“, Bucureşti, MIHĂLŢAN Florin D. ,   Institutul de Pneumoftiziologie „Marius Nasta“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study is to provide new preliminary data about the epidemiology of bronchiectasis across Romania that are extremely important in the clinical management of this disease. Material and method. The study group included 102 patients hospitalized in the Marius Nasta Institute, Bucharest, from December 2014 17th until June 2016 2nd, with confirmed bronchiectasis. From the clinical records, we evaluated the anamnestic data, the biological markers and the imaging parameters, such as: personal data (gender, age, residence), bacterial etiology of the disease, radiographic and CT findings and hospitalization days per patients. Results. Among the 102 patients with confirmed bronchiectasis, 54 were males and 48 females. The median age was 54.56 years. The median length of hospital stay was 9,55 days. The disease affected mainly, 54 men and 71 patients from urban areas. Of all cases of bronchiectasis confirmed by CT, 96 were bilateral, and 18 had a single bacterial etiology with Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus spp. Multiple bacterial etiology, in 12 cases, was revealed in 2 patients that had association of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and also in 3 patients with Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and another microbial pathogen. Discussions. Bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease, an “orphan” type disease. An important issue remains establishing the real prevalence of this disease given the lack of specific symptoms, the absence of non invasive screening tests and the uncertain prognosis of this disease. Conclusions. In order to establish a rapid and accurate bacterial etiology of the disease and to identify the antibiotic resistance gene, the microbiology departments need to use routinely molecular biology tests. To prevent bronchiectasis, the active and the passive prophylaxis of acute respiratory tract infections remain a priority.
Differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in a patient with chronic kidney disease and myasthenia gravis
Authors:   Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, DIACONU Catalina , ILIE Madalina ,   Gastroenterology Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, TABACELIA Daniela ,   Gastroenterology Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, RINJA Ecaterina ,   Gastroenterology Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, GEORGESCU Florin ,   Surgery Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, TURCULET Claudiu ,   Surgery Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, CONSTANTINESCU Gabriel ,   Gastroenterology Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ENE Dragos ,   Surgery Department, “Floreasca” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest
Published: September 2021

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The differential diagnosis of this entity remains one of the most encountered problems: from thalassemia, neoplasia, malabsorbtion syndrome to chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis. Case report: This case report describes clinical and paraclinical features of a 75-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities and iron deficiency anemia. We emphasize on the importance of endoscopic videocapsule examination for the accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia when other methods fail (endoscopy and colonoscopy), thus revealing the source of bleeding in a small bowel benign polyp. Thus, tumors of the small intestine present as a unique challenging diagnosis. Conclusion: Endoscopic videocapsule, even if expensive, should remain an important tool in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with normal upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy. Small bowel tumors are seldom considered as a diagnostic hypothesis, but should not be overlooked, especially when alarm symptoms are present (weight loss, melena, hematochesia).
Cardiac abnormalities in hepatic cirrhosis
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, MIHAILOVICI Alexandru , VILCEANU Gabriel ,   Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, DONOIU Ionut ,   Discipline Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, ISTRATOAIE Octavian ,   Discipline Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, TUDORASCU Diana ,   Discipline Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, GHEONEA Dan Ionut ,   Discipline Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova
Published: September 2021

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a term used to define a constellation of characteristics that illustrate abnormal cardiac structure and function in patients with cirrhosis. These encompass systolic and diastolic dysfunction, electrophysiological and structural anomalies, both macroscopic and microscopic. At present, the prevalence of CCM remains unknown, mostly because the condition is typically latent and becomes noticeable when the patient is under stress, like exercise, drugs, hemorrhage or surgery. The essential clinical attributes of CCM consist of elevated baseline cardiac output, abnormal response of systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation as an answer to physiological, pharmacological or surgical stress and electrical anomalies (prolonged QT interval). In most cases, diastolic dysfunction predates systolic dysfunction, which tends to manifest only under stressful conditions. CCM diagnosis is still challenging, due to an absence of specific criteria. The prognosis is, as well, difficult to establish, but the severity of the diastolic dysfunction can be a risk marker for mortality.
BRAIN MRI FINDINGS IN ACUTE HYPERAMMONEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY SECONDARY TO ISCHEMIC HEPATITIS: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors:   Neurology Department, ‘‘Colentina’’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Vladila Ana-Maria , Mitrea Dan-Andrei ,   Neurology Department, ‘‘Colentina’’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Nica Sanda ,   Neurology Department, ‘‘Colentina’’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   ‘‘Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Mihailescu Gabriela ,   Neurology Department, ‘‘Colentina’’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   ‘‘Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Buraga Ioan ,   Neurology Department, ‘‘Colentina’’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   ‘‘Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2021

Acute encephalopathy is frequently seen in Neurology and Internal Medicine Departments, it makes for a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities, but its brain magnetic resonance imaging appearance in the adult population is not well recognised. We present the case of an acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the setting of ischemic hepatitis secondary to global heart failure and its MRI findings with a review of the literature.
RASMUNSSEN ENCEPHALITIS IN YOUNG ADULT: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Neurology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Tohanean Nicoleta , Vanta Oana ,   Neurology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Centea Alexandru ,   Neurology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Alexescu Teodora ,   5th Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Perju-Dumbrava Lacramioara ,   Neurology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

Rasmunssen encephalitis is a rare disease characterized by focal cortical inflammation with progressive extension and diffusion. Clinical features are continuous partial epilepsy non responsive to usual anti-epileptic therapy and unilateral motor deficit, corresponding with the IRM imaging to cerebral hemiatrophy. The disease mainly affects children but there are some acknowledged cases described in adolescent and adult life. This report aims to present a clinical case of a young female with seven years personal history of generalized epilepsy. Having a clinical and paraclinical evolution a suspicion of chronic focal Rasmunssen encephalitis took shape. During admission she suffered of weakness and involuntary movements in her left side, which gradually worsened in the last month and memory impairment also. Routine laboratory blood evaluation, inflammatory and infectious tests were within the normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain reveals T2 atrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere with a low displacement of median structures to the left and an abnormal hyper intensity signal on T2-weighted, along with FLAIR images. Electroencephalography showed a profoundly altered, slowed, asymmetrically with paroxysmal unilateral right slow activity record with high amplitude. Based on clinical criteria, MRI imaging and EEG we supported the diagnosis of Rassmunsen encephalitis.
Pelatihan Bola Voli Tingkat Desa
Authors: Iskandar Dedi , Ramadan Gilang
Published: August 2021

Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mingkatan kemampuan permainan pemain bola voli bagi para pemain bola voli di Desa Cimenga Kab. Kuningan Jawa Barat. Metode pelaksanaan dengan menggunakan pelatihan yang digabungkan antara teori dan praktik bagi para peserta. Hasil dari pengabdian ini pada dasaranya masayarakat Desa Cimenga sudah memiliki kemampunan teknik dasar permainan bola voli sangat baik 75% namun 15% di anatara masih katagori cukup dan 10% dibawah rata-rata pemain voli. Kesimpulan  dari pengabdian ini adalah sangatlah penting untuk pemahaman para pemain untuk dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bermain bola volinya agar dapat meraih prestasi di bola voli
การพัฒนาโปรแกรมที่สัมผัสและรู้สึกได้ด้วยรหัสคิวอาร์โค้ดเพื่อควบคุมหุ่นยนต์ สำหรับนักเรียนระดับประถมศึกษา
Authors: เหมียดไธสง ศิวาพร , เหมียดไธสง เที่ยง
Published: August 2021

การสอนให้เด็กเกิดการเรียนรู้การโค้ดดิ้งเป็นสิ่งที่สำคัญมากในปัจจุบันสำหรับเด็กในระดับประถมศึกษา การที่จะสอนให้เขียนโปรแกรมด้วยคอมพิวเตอร์หรือแท็บเล็ต ค่อนข้างจะยากและอาจจะเกินวัยสำหรับเด็กทั่ว ๆ ไป การที่จะให้เด็กเขียนโปรแกรมโดยไม่ใช้คอมพิวเตอร์จำเป็นจะต้องนำโปรแกรมที่เขียนออกมาเขียนนอกจอคอมพิวเตอร์ ไม่ต้องใช้เมาส์หรือคีย์บอร์ดในการเขียนโปรแกรม โปรแกรมที่สัมผัสและรู้สึกได้ด้วยรหัสคิวอาร์โค้ดได้พัฒนาขึ้นมาเพื่อให้เด็กในระดับประถมศึกษาได้เขียนโปรแกรมควบคุมหุ่นยนต์ โดยใช้เทคโนโลยีคิวอาร์โค้ดในการกำหนดรหัสคำสั่งในการควบคุมหุ่นยนต์ ผลการวิจัยพบว่า โปรแกรมที่สัมผัสและรู้สึกได้โดยการกำหนดรหัสคำสั่งด้วยคิวอาร์โค้ด ทำให้เด็กสามารถเรียนรู้และโปรแกรมหุ่นยนต์ได้โดยไม่ต้องเขียนโปรแกรมบนคอมพิวเตอร์ การส่งรหัสคำสั่งด้วยคิวอาร์โค้ดสามารถทำงานได้โดยไม่มีข้อผิดพลาด เด็กเกิดการเรียนรู้การเขียนโปรแกรมใน 2 รูปแบบคือ 1) คำสั่งแบบลำดับ และ 2) คำสั่งวนซ้ำ
แอปพลิเคชันช่วยผู้ป่วยโรคแพนิค
Authors: นิโสย ซันลิม , ตัณฑัยย์ พิชญา , ปิตานุพงศ์ จารุรินทร์
Published: August 2021

บทความนี้นำเสนอการออกแบบและพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อช่วยตรวจคัดกรองผู้ใช้ที่มีอาการแพนิค โดยการทำแบบประเมินอาการแพนิค บันทึกผลความถี่ ความรุนแรง สถิติการเกิดของอาการของผู้ป่วยโรคแพนิค ซึ่งจะบันทึกอาการที่เกิดขึ้นและระดับความรุนแรงของแต่ละอาการ เตือนการรับประทานยา ในการเตือนจะบอกชื่อยา ปริมาณที่ต้องรับประทานในแต่ละครั้งและเวลาที่ต้องรับประทานยา นัดหมายวัน เวลา สถานที่ที่ต้องไปพบจิตแพทย์ และช่วยนำเสนอวิธีการผ่อนคลายเมื่อเกิดอาการแพนิคในรูปแบบของคลิปวิดีโอและเสียง
การตรวจสอบอุปกรณ์ที่ติดบอตเน็ตโดยวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลจราจรดีเอ็นเอส
Authors: ชัยกังวาฬ กรวิชญ์ , วัฒนชาญสิทธิ์ ณัฐพัชร์ , สงวนพงษ์ สุรศักดิ์ , วัฒนพงศ์ พีรวัฒน์ , ศรีสว่าง พิรุณ
Published: August 2021

บอตเน็ตเป็นหนึ่งในภัยคุกคามในอินเทอร์เน็ตที่ผู้ไม่ประสงค์ดีสร้างขึ้นเพื่อใช้ก่ออาชญากรรมไซเบอร์ เช่น การทำให้ระบบปฏิเสธบริการ (DoS) การขโมยข้อมูลสำคัญและการกระจายสแปม เป็นต้น เนื่องจากบอตเน็ตมีพัฒนาการอย่างต่อเนื่องและตรวจจับได้ยาก จากเทคนิคการซ่อนเซิร์ฟเวอร์สั่งการและควบคุม โดยบอตต้องอาศัยดีเอ็นเอสในการค้นหาไอพีแอดเดรสของเซิร์ฟเวอร์สั่งการและควบคุม งานวิจัยฉบับนี้นำเสนอวิธีการค้นหาอุปกรณ์ในระบบที่ติดบอตเน็ตโดยใช้ข้อมูลการติดต่อสื่อสารระหว่างอุปกรณ์กับระบบดีเอ็นเอส เพื่อจำแนกประเภทของชื่อโดเมนที่สร้างจากขั้นตอนวิธีการสร้างโดเมนแบบสุ่ม (DGAs) ที่ใช้ซ่อนเซิร์ฟเวอร์สั่งการและควบคุมกับชื่อโดเมนที่มนุษย์เป็นผู้สร้างโดยอาศัยเทคนิคบัญชีขาว (Whitelist) ร่วมกับหลักประมวลผลภาษาธรรมชาติ
ระบบติดตามตำแหน่งที่อยู่เสือปลาผ่านระบบเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่
Authors: เผ่าทิตธรรม พรรษชล , มหาพรหม รุจิระ , ไลออน สุชัยศรี , ผลเพิ่ม อนันต์ , จันทร์สร้าง อภิรักษ์ , ใจแก้ว ชัยพร
Published: August 2021

ระบบติดตามเสือปลาที่มีอยู่ทั่วไปตามท้องตลาดมีราคาสูง และอุปกรณ์ติดตามมีขนาดไม่เหมาะสมกับน้ำหนักตัวของเสือปลา งานวิจัยนี้นำเสนอระบบติดตามตำแหน่งที่อยู่เสือปลาผ่านเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ เริ่มจากอุปกรณ์ติดตามที่ติดอยู่ที่ตัวเสือปลารับค่าพิกัดที่อยู่มาจากดาวเทียม แล้วส่งข้อมูลที่ได้รับมาผ่านผู้ให้บริการเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ไปยังเซิร์ฟเวอร์แล้วนำไปบันทึกลงบนฐานข้อมูล โดยออกแบบให้การรับและส่งค่าพิกัดจะเป็นการรายงานผลตามเวลาจริง หรือขณะที่ดำเนินการแบบไม่ต่อเนื่องเพื่อเป็นการประหยัดพลังงานจากนั้นนำข้อมูลมาแสดงผลผ่านทางเว็บแอปพลิเคชั่นในรูปแบบแผนที่กูเกิลแมพส์ การทดสอบระบบที่ได้พัฒนาขึ้นพบว่าอุปกรณ์ติดตามสามารถระบุพิกัดตำแหน่งได้ แม้จะมีความคลาดเคลื่อนของพิกัดอยู่บ้าง สามารถส่งข้อมูลพิกัดไปที่เซิร์ฟเวอร์ได้อย่างถูกต้อง และจากการทดสอบวัดกระแสไฟฟ้าที่ใช้พบว่าอุปกรณ์สามารถทำงานได้นานประมาณ 48 วันหากต้องการรับ-ส่งข้อมูลชั่วโมงละ 1 ครั้ง หรือหากต้องการใช้งานอุปกรณ์นาน 4 เดือนจะสามารถรับ-ส่งข้อมูลได้ประมาณ 9 ครั้งต่อวัน ด้วยแบตเตอรี่แบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมโพลิเมอร์ 3.7V ที่มีความจุ 3000 mAh โดยไม่ต้องชาร์จเมื่อตั้งค่าให้อุปกรณ์หยุดการทำงานโดยใช้โหมดหยุด ระบบติดตามที่พัฒนาขึ้นมีราคาต่ำกว่าระบบติดตามที่มีอยู่ในท้องตลาด และมีขนาดเหมาะสมกับน้ำหนักตัวของเสือปลา
Ideology and State Apparatus to Create New Order State Power
Authors: Sianipar Jonah Silas
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research tries to describe how the New Order State Journey to power and perpetuates its power. By applying Althusser's theory of State Apparatus, this study specifically focuses on the concept of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA) and Repressive State Apparatuses (RSA) which were operationalized in the New Order society. Qualitative descriptive research is used to interpret data in books that have researched the “New Order” before. The results of this study indicate that the “New Order” state used ISAs such as political parties, cultural, law, media, and religion. Then, “New Order” state used the RSA such as military and para-military organizations to control and maintain domination within the Indonesian State.Keywords: New Order State, Ideological, State ApparatusAbstrakPenelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan bagaimana Perjalanan Negara Orde Baru berkuasa dan melanggengkan kekuasaannya. Dengan menerapkan teori Althusser tentang Aparatur Negara, penelitian ini secara khusus berfokus pada konsep Aparatus Ideologi Negara (ISA) dan Aparatur Negara Represif (RSA) yang dioperasionalkan dalam masyarakat Orde Baru. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menafsirkan data dalam buku-buku yang pernah diteliti “Orde Baru” sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara “Orde Baru” menggunakan ISA seperti partai politik, budaya, hukum, media, dan agama. Kemudian, negara “Orde Baru” menggunakan RSA seperti organisasi militer dan paramiliter untuk mengontrol dan mempertahankan dominasi di dalam Negara Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Negara Orde Baru, Ideologi,  State Apparatus
Опыт использования средств альтернативной коммуникации в обучении детей с ТМНР
Authors: Mochalova L. N. , Hlopina O. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Методические рекомендации изданы при поддержке Фонда поддержки детей, находящихся в трудной жизненной ситуации, в рамках инновационного социального проекта государственных и муниципальных учреждений, российских некоммерческих организаций и общественных объединений, направленного на развитие эффективных практик поддержки детей и семей с детьми, находящихся в трудной жизненной ситуации, финансируемого Фондом в 2020 году «Право быть равным “Границам.нет”».
Undoing the Double-Cross: Promoting Public Accountability in American Science Agencies
Authors: Buckley Patrick , Ramsey Kristen
Published: August 2021

The leadership and advisory boards of American science agencies are largely organized according to the ideas set forth by an influential scientist, Dr. Vannevar Bush, after World War II. Although American science agencies are publicly funded, only experts control what research is funded and how each agency operates. Wielding his unique position of power after the war, Dr. Vannevar Bush suppressed the ideas of his adversary, Senator Harley Kilgore, resulting in the absence of public accountability and citizen input that defines American science agencies today. We argue that citizens must have a seat at the table in the leadership of science agencies to promote trust in science, reduce inequity, increase efficiency, embrace democratic principles, and address the needs of the American people. By providing a mechanism for non-expert citizens to influence the direction of American science agencies, Congress can now finally rectify the double-cross of Senator Harley Kilgore by Dr. Vannevar Bush.
Inclusive Science Policy and Economic Development in the 21st Century: The Case for Rural America
Authors: Crain Andrew
Published: August 2021

While many of the original recommendations of Vannevar Bush’s Science—The Endless Frontier report were implemented with great success in the twentieth century, the benefits of scientific innovation have not been fully realized in all corners of the United States. In particular, rural America persistently lags behind other locales in terms of scientific investment and economic development. In the coming decades, more place-conscious science policy will be needed to provide equal opportunities—and equal benefits—to all. This article highlights some of the current challenges relevant to science policy that are faced by rural America, with a specific emphasis on educational policy. The author offers recommendations for a more geographically inclusive science policy agenda and contends that rural equity should be a key priority for science policymakers in the United States.
Lingua Franca دعوة لتنويع لغة لمجتمعات العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات الأكاديمية
Authors: Henry Kaylee , Virk Ranya , DeMarchi Lindsay , Sears Huei
Published: August 2021

الملخص التنفيذي: يفضّل التحيز الحالي في أكاديمية ستيم العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات المنشورات البحثية باللغة الإنجليزية، مما يخلق حاجزًا بين الباحثين الناطقين باللغة الإنجليزية وغير الناطقين باللغة الإنجليزية مما يضر باستمرارية وتطور أبحاث.العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات
في هذه الورقة نضع السياسات التي تستخدم موارد الحكومة الأمريكية لإنشاء بنية تحتية تعمل على توحيد وتسهيل عملية ترجمة اللغة واستضافة المنشورات متعددة اللغات. يهدف هذا الاقتراح إلى زيادة التنوع اللغوي في منشورات العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات الأكاديمية لتحقيق الهدف النهائي المتمثل في تحسين التواصل العلمي العالمي وتخفيف التفاوت الحالي بين أدب العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات باللغة الإنجليزية وغير الإنجليزية.
Πρόταση για Διαφοροποίηση της Κοινής Γλώσσας Επικοινωνίας των Ακαδημαϊκών Κοινοτήτων STEM
Authors: Henry Kaylee , Virk Ranya , DeMarchi Lindsay , Sears Huei
Published: August 2021

Η τρέχουσα προκατάληψη στην ακαδημία γύρω από τα λεγόμενα γνωστικά αντικείμενα STEM (Φυσικές Επιστήμες, Τεχνολογία, Πολυτεχνικές Επιστήμες, Μαθηματικά) ευνοεί τις αγγλικές ερευνητικές δημοσιεύσεις, δημιουργώντας ένα εμπόδιο μεταξύ Αγγλόφωνων και μη-Αγγλόφωνων ερευνητών που είναι επιζήμιο για τη συνέχεια και την εξέλιξη της έρευνας STEM. Σε αυτό το έγγραφο, παρουσιάζουμε μέτρα πολιτικής που χρησιμοποιούν κυβερνητικούς πόρους των ΗΠΑ για τη δημιουργία υποδομής που τυποποιεί και διευκολύνει τη διαδικασία μετάφρασης γλωσσών και τη φιλοξενία πολυγλωσσικών δημοσιεύσεων. Η πρόταση που κάνουμε σε αυτό το κείμενο στοχεύει στην αύξηση της γλωσσικής ποικιλομορφίας στις ακαδημαϊκές εκδόσεις STEM με απώτερο σκοπό τη βελτίωση της παγκόσμιας επιστημονικής επικοινωνίας και τη βελτίωση της υπάρχουσας ανισότητας μεταξύ Αγγλόφωνης και μη-Αγγλόφωνης βιβλιογραφίας STEM.
अकादमिक स्टेम समुदायों के लिंगुआ फ़्रैंका में विविधता लाने का आह्वान
Authors: Henry Kaylee , Virk Ranya , DeMarchi Lindsay , Sears Huei
Published: August 2021

स्टेम अकादमी में वर्तमान पूर्वाग्रह अंग्रेजी भाषा के शोध प्रकाशनों का समर्थन करता है, जो अंग्रेजी बोलने वाले और गैर-अंग्रेजी बोलने वाले शोधकर्ताओं के बीच एक बाधा पैदा करता है जो स्टेम अनुसंधान की निरंतरता और विकास के लिए हानिकारक है। इस पत्र में, हम नीतिगत उपाय करते हैं जो अमेरिकी सरकार के संसाधनों को नियोजित करते हैं ताकि बुनियादी ढांचा तैयार किया जा सके जो भाषा अनुवाद प्रक्रिया को मानकीकृत और सुविधाजनक बनाता है और बहुभाषी प्रकाशनों की मेजबानी करता है। इस प्रस्ताव का उद्देश्य वैश्विक वैज्ञानिक संचार में सुधार लाने और अंग्रेजी और गैर-अंग्रेजी स्टेम साहित्य के बीच मौजूदा असमानता को सुधारने के अंतिम लक्ष्य के लिए अकादमिक स्टेम प्रकाशनों में भाषाई विविधता को बढ़ाना है।
Investing in International Graduate Students for the Scientific Endeavour Keeps the United States Competitive
Authors: Jeong Nuri , Sefik Esra , Shiu Fu , Arzua Thiago
Published: August 2021

As the global scientific and engineering powerhouse, the United States has pioneered numerous inventions such as the telephone, alternating current, radio broadcasting, and controlled nuclear chain reactions. Some may be surprised to find that these were products of immigrants, who pushed the boundaries of science and technology. In the past years, however, the U.S. has been losing its competitive advantage in the global labor market. A key reason for this is that the U.S. is failing to attract and retain international graduate students in STEM fields. Historically, a large portion of these students stayed after graduation and drove innovations that fueled the nation’s trillion-dollar economy. That trend is changing, with many now opting to go elsewhere for their graduate education. Critical flaws in U.S. visa and immigration policy and a lack of federal funding mechanisms for international graduate students are exacerbating this trend. As a result, the U.S. is losing promising junior scientists to other countries with more aggressive foreign recruitment strategies. To counter this trend, we outline in detail the areas with room for growth and propose policy solutions to be implemented by the federal government. These solutions will help the U.S. excel in STEM research workforce diversity, equality, cultural competence, and ultimately, retain its global leadership.
Without Environmental Justice, the Renewable Energy Transition Will Leave Low-Income and BIPOC Communities Behind
Authors: Ramírez Carolyn
Published: August 2021

As extreme weather events become more common in the United States due to the worsening effects of climate change, access to utilities like electricity and water will be continually strained. Blackouts and intermittent utility interruptions impact low-income and communities of color most negatively. While renewable energy technologies promise alleviation of emissions and pollution, high cost and a lack of equitable energy infrastructure make it harder for low-income and communities of color to access renewable energy benefits. I propose a series of policies to address the cost barriers of renewable energy, improve reliability and access to power grids, and standardize household weatherization for people from all communities.
Reimagining the U.S. Global Change Research Program to Support Equitable Community Engagement Using a Disability Lens
Authors: Schwarber Adria
Published: August 2021

The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP or “the Program”) is at a pivotal moment in its evolution as it works to develop its next decadal strategy. Constrained by an outdated mandate and facing an increasing demand for actional and usable climate information, the Program has an opportunity to re-envision its already robust participatory mechanisms to improve engagement with historically marginalized communities. The disability community is acutely sensitive to Earth’s changing climate, facing threats from extreme weather, in addition to enhanced risks due to systematic ableism in our policy and planning spaces. However, the disability community can also be a critical source of innovative ideas and inclusive practices that can ensure the climate documents guiding future policy development are just and equitable. By adopting a disability lens in its strategy update plans, the Program can ensure that the climate information it provides to local and regional decision-makers through the National Climate Assessment process supports future U.S. climate policy with the tenets of justice and equity at the core. In particular, the Program should revise its community engagement framework guided by 1) the social model of disability, 2) narratives from within the disability community, and 3) ideas of universal design.
“To Maintain the Biological Substance of the Polish Nation” : Reproductive Rights as an Area of Conflict in Poland
Authors: Zok Michael
Published: September 2021

On October 22, 2020, the long-term dispute about reproductive rights in Polish society had a comeback. The Constitutional Tribunal declared the embryo-pathological indication of abortions guaranteed by the law of 1993 to be unconstitutional. The tribunal’s ruling was met with widespread protests, as it effectively forbade almost all reasons for terminations of pregnancies. While members of the Church’s hierarchy and pro-life activists celebrated, politicians began once again to discuss the law, and different suggestions were made (including a draft law similar to laws in effect in other European countries like Germany, and a law which would allow the termination of a pregnancy if the fetus were likely to die, or a law forbidding them in the case that the fetus had been diagnosed as having down’s syndrome). The debates are hardly new to Polish society and history. On the contrary, they date back to the recreation of the Polish state after World War I. This article concentrates on the developments in the Communist People’s Republic that led to the legislation of 1993, which is commonly referred to as a “compromise.” It focuses on the main actors in this dispute and the policymakers and their arguments. It also contextualizes these discursive strategies in a long-term perspective and highlights continuities and ruptures.