bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
arte da performance e a estética em Merleau-Ponty:
Authors: Druciak Adrielle
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o fenômeno expressivo da Arte da Performance, a partir dos pressupostos de uma teoria da expressão estética presente na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento reflete-se acerca das noções de ruptura e fronteira presentes na Arte da Performance, à luz do método fenomenológico utilizado por Merleau-Ponty, a épokhe; em seguida, intenta-se aproximar a análise dos textos estéticos de Merleau-Ponty, na perspectiva de uma teoria do estilo, e o fenômeno expressivo presente na Arte da Performance. Constata-se que é na análise da potência criativa de re-criar o mundo, identificada na pintura de Cézanne, na linguagem e no enigma da visão, que Merleau-Ponty desenvolve uma teoria estética do estilo. A noção de estilo emerge nos ensaios merleau-pontyanos como capacidade de entrelaçamento de uma dimensão pessoal com uma dimensão universal, ou ainda, como expressão do ser com o mundo. A Arte da Performance enquanto arte de fronteira, híbrida em linguagens e fundada no aqui e agora da corporeidade encarnada, realiza em sua atividade o fenômeno expressivo presente na teoria da expressão estética de Merleau-Ponty.
beleza do estranho:
Authors: Costa Giovanni Lucena , Pessoa Alberto Ricardo
Published: January 2021

Por meio da cartografia histórica que esmiúça o conceito do grotesco em torno das belas artes que perpassa pelo renascimento cultural, iremos analisar como o grotesco da renascença se reconfigura no gênero musical rock, tanto no discurso musical, verbal e visual por meio de estudos de caso. O objetivo da pesquisa é entender por qual razão o grotesco, um gênero estético oriundo dos primórdios da poética visual, encontra-se presente e em constante processo de reconfiguração no cotidiano da arte contemporânea, com ênfase no gênero musical rock.
Entre vistas, mundos e rios:
Authors: Queiroz Elisa Vieira , Almeida Débora Caroline Viana
Published: January 2021

A entrevista aborda o uso da tecnologia digital e das mídias digitais como caminhos para artes, poéticas e defesa das identidades dos povos originários. O entrevistado é o artista Denilson Baniwa, expoente da arte contemporânea brasileira que utiliza diversas linguagens como performance, desenhos e projeção à laser. O seu processo de produção artística também surge das lutas históricas do movimento indígena do Brasil e ultrapassa esse cenário com proposições ficcionais de criação de outros mundos mediante a tecnologia. Além disso, o artista utiliza as redes sociais como canal de circulação e comunicação de maior alcance para forjar territórios e identidades. A entrevista foi realizada durante a pandemia de covid-19 em período de isolamento social, o que enfatiza a importância do acesso à arte e à tecnologia digital em tempos adversos.
Sandra Maria Correia Favero e o Sambaqui
Authors: Bonfim Gabriel Augusto de Paula
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é resultado de entrevista e visita no ateliê da professora-pesquisadora-artista Sandra Favero no bairro do Sambaqui, norte da ilha de Florianópolis (SC) em outubro de 2019. Busca-se a partir da localização geográfica da artista criar relações entre sua produção e o modo de vida de homens pré-históricos que habitaram o local.
Origins and Early Evolution of the Atmosphere and the Oceans
Authors: Marty Bernard
Published: January 2021

My journey in science began with the study of volcanic gases, sparking an interest in the origin, and ultimate fate, of the volatile elements in the interior of our planet. How did these elements, so crucial to life and our surface environment, come to be sequestered within the deepest regions of the Earth, and what can they tell us about the processes occurring there? My approach has been to establish geochemical links between the noble gases, physical tracers par excellence, with major volatile elements of environmental importance, such as water, carbon and nitrogen, in mantle-derived rocks and gases. From these analyses we have learned that the Earth is relatively depleted in volatile elements when compared to its potential cosmochemical ancestors (e.g., ~2 ppm nitrogen compared to several hundreds of ppm in primitive meteorites) and that natural fluxes of carbon are two orders of magnitude lower than those emitted by current anthropogenic activity. Further insights into the origin of terrestrial volatiles have come from space missions that documented the composition of the proto-solar nebula and the outer solar system. The consensus behind the origin of the atmosphere and the oceans is evolving constantly, although recently a general picture has started to emerge. At the dawn of the solar system, the volatile-forming elements (H, C, N, noble gases) that form the majority of our atmosphere and oceans were trapped in solid dusty phases (mostly in ice beyond the snowline and organics everywhere). These phases condensed from the proto-solar nebula gas, and/or were inherited from the interstellar medium. These accreted together within the next few million years to form the first planetesimals, some of which underwent differentiation very early on. The isotopic signatures of volatiles were also fixed very early and may even have preceded the first episodes of condensation and accretion. Throughout the accretion of the Earth, volatile elements were delivered by material from both the inner (dry, volatile-poor) and outer (volatile-rich) solar system. This delivery was concomitant with the metals and silicates that form the bulk of the planet. The contribution of bodies that formed in the far outer solar system, a region now populated by comets, is likely to have been very limited. In that sense, volatile elements were contributed continuously throughout Earth’s accretion from inner solar system reservoirs, which also provided the silicates and metal building blocks of the inner planets. Following accretion, it likely took a few hundred million years for the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans to stabilise. Luckily, we have been able to access a compositional record of the early atmosphere and oceans through the analysis of palaeo-atmospheric fluids trapped in Archean hydrothermal quartz. From these analyses, it appears that the surface reservoirs of the Earth evolved due to interactions between the early Sun and the top of the atmosphere, as well as the development of an early biosphere that progressively altered its chemistry.
Visualization of stem cell activity in pancreatic cancer expansion by direct lineage tracing with live imaging
Authors: Maruno Takahisa , Fukuda Akihisa , Goto Norihiro , Tsuda Motoyuki , Ikuta Kozo , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Ogawa Satoshi , Nakanishi Yuki , Yamaga Yuichi , Yoshioka Takuto , Takaori Kyoichi , Uemoto Shinji , Saur Dieter , Chiba Tsutomu , Seno Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. Although rigorous efforts identified the presence of ‘cancer stem cells (CSCs)’ in PDAC and molecular markers for them, stem cell dynamics in vivo have not been clearly demonstrated. Here we focused on Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), known as a CSC marker of PDAC. Using genetic lineage tracing with a dual-recombinase system and live imaging, we showed that Dclk1+ tumor cells continuously provided progeny cells within pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, primary and metastatic PDAC, and PDAC-derived spheroids in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, genes associated with CSC and epithelial mesenchymal transition were enriched in mouse Dclk1+ and human DCLK1-high PDAC cells. Thus, we provided direct functional evidence for the stem cell activity of Dclk1+ cells in vivo, revealing the essential roles of Dclk1+ cells in expansion of pancreatic neoplasia in all progressive stages.
Epithelial colonies in vitro elongate through collective effects
Authors: Comelles Jordi , SS Soumya , Lu Linjie , Le Maout Emilie , Anvitha S , Salbreux Guillaume , Jülicher Frank , Inamdar Mandar M , Riveline Daniel
Published: January 2021

Epithelial tissues of the developing embryos elongate by different mechanisms, such as neighbor exchange, cell elongation, and oriented cell division. Since autonomous tissue self-organization is influenced by external cues such as morphogen gradients or neighboring tissues, it is difficult to distinguish intrinsic from directed tissue behavior. The mesoscopic processes leading to the different mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we study the spontaneous elongation behavior of spreading circular epithelial colonies in vitro. By quantifying deformation kinematics at multiple scales, we report that global elongation happens primarily due to cell elongations, and its direction correlates with the anisotropy of the average cell elongation. By imposing an external time-periodic stretch, the axis of this global symmetry breaking can be modified and elongation occurs primarily due to orientated neighbor exchange. These different behaviors are confirmed using a vertex model for collective cell behavior, providing a framework for understanding autonomous tissue elongation and its origins.
Rapid adaptation to malaria facilitated by admixture in the human population of Cabo Verde
Authors: Hamid Iman , Korunes Katharine L , Beleza Sandra , Goldberg Amy
Published: January 2021

Humans have undergone large migrations over the past hundreds to thousands of years, exposing ourselves to new environments and selective pressures. Yet, evidence of ongoing or recent selection in humans is difficult to detect. Many of these migrations also resulted in gene flow between previously separated populations. These recently admixed populations provide unique opportunities to study rapid evolution in humans. Developing methods based on distributions of local ancestry, we demonstrate that this sort of genetic exchange has facilitated detectable adaptation to a malaria parasite in the admixed population of Cabo Verde within the last ~20 generations. We estimate that the selection coefficient is approximately 0.08, one of the highest inferred in humans. Notably, we show that this strong selection at a single locus has likely affected patterns of ancestry genome-wide, potentially biasing demographic inference. Our study provides evidence of adaptation in a human population on historical timescales.
The vascular niche controls Drosophila hematopoiesis via fibroblast growth factor signaling
Authors: Destalminil-Letourneau Manon , Morin-Poulard Ismaël , Tian Yushun , Vanzo Nathalie , Crozatier Michele
Published: January 2021

In adult mammals, hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), is tightly regulated by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment called ‘niche’. Bone marrow HSPCs are heterogeneous and controlled by both endosteal and vascular niches. The Drosophila hematopoietic lymph gland is located along the cardiac tube which corresponds to the vascular system. In the lymph gland, the niche called Posterior Signaling Center controls only a subset of the heterogeneous hematopoietic progenitor population indicating that additional signals are necessary. Here we report that the vascular system acts as a second niche to control lymph gland homeostasis. The FGF ligand Branchless produced by vascular cells activates the FGF pathway in hematopoietic progenitors. By regulating intracellular calcium levels, FGF signaling maintains progenitor pools and prevents blood cell differentiation. This study reveals that two niches contribute to the controlofDrosophila blood cell homeostasis through their differential regulation of progenitors.
Malaria parasites use a soluble RhopH complex for erythrocyte invasion and an integral form for nutrient uptake
Authors: Schureck Marc A , Darling Joseph E , Merk Alan , Shao Jinfeng , Daggupati Geervani , Srinivasan Prakash , Olinares Paul Dominic B , Rout Michael P , Chait Brian T , Wollenberg Kurt , Subramaniam Sriram , Desai Sanjay A
Published: January 2021

Malaria parasites use the RhopH complex for erythrocyte invasion and channel-mediated nutrient uptake. As the member proteins are unique to Plasmodium spp., how they interact and traffic through subcellular sites to serve these essential functions is unknown. We show that RhopH is synthesized as a soluble complex of CLAG3, RhopH2, and RhopH3 with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. After transfer to a new host cell, the complex crosses a vacuolar membrane surrounding the intracellular parasite and becomes integral to the erythrocyte membrane through a PTEX translocon-dependent process. We present a 2.9 Å single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the trafficking complex, revealing that CLAG3 interacts with the other subunits over large surface areas. This soluble complex is tightly assembled with extensive disulfide bonding and predicted transmembrane helices shielded. We propose a large protein complex stabilized for trafficking but poised for host membrane insertion through large-scale rearrangements, paralleling smaller two-state pore-forming proteins in other organisms.
A nature-based health intervention at a military healthcare center: a randomized, controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Ameli Rezvan , Skeath Perry , Abraham Preetha A. , Panahi Samin , Kazman Josh B. , Foote Frederick , Deuster Patricia A. , Ahmad Niha , Berger Ann
Published: January 2021

We describe a mixed qualitative and quantitative research study in a military facility regarding the role of nature in well-being. Study intervention included two 20-minute walks. One walk was in an intentionally designed woodland environment (Green Road) and the other was on a busy campus road in a medical treatment facility (Urban Road). Twelve volunteers from a military facility participated in both walks in a cross-over experimental design. The two walking sessions were randomly ordered and preceded by pre-walk instructions appropriate to each road’s characteristics and incorporated focused attention and present moment orientation. A semi-structured post-walk interview, the primary outcome, was conducted after the conclusion of each walk. Qualitative data analyses consisted of sentiments and themes by using NVivo 12 software. The Green Road was unanimously rated as positive (100%). Responses to Urban Road were evenly distributed among positive (33.3%), negative (33.3%), and neutral/mixed (33.3%) sentiments. The Green Road yielded predominantly positive themes such as enjoyment of nature, relaxation, and feelings of privacy and safety. Urban Road produced significantly more negative themes such as concerns for safety, dislike of noise and other noxious experiences. Quantitative assessment of distress and mindfulness with Distress Thermometer (DT) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-state version (MAAS) demonstrated that a walk on the Green Road significantly decreased distress and increased mindfulness compared to a walk on the Urban Road. We also observed that pre-walk instructions could direct attention to both obvious and subtle elements of experience and enhance awareness. Results support the notion that an intentional nature-based environment may produce significantly more positive experiences and result in health-promoting benefits in a military health-care setting compared to an urban environment. Future studies with clinical populations could advance our understanding of the healing value of nature-based interventions. The impact of intentional green environments may be enhanced by well-designed instructions for both recreational and therapeutic use.
Identification and molecular characterization of mutations in nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Azad Gajendra Kumar
Published: January 2021

SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four structural proteins that include the spike glycoprotein, membrane protein, envelope protein and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N-protein). The N-protein interacts with viral genomic RNA and helps in packaging. As SARS-CoV-2 spread to almost all countries worldwide within 2–3 months, it also acquired mutations in its RNA genome. Therefore, this study was conducted with an aim to identify the variations present in N-protein of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we analysed 4,163 reported sequence of N-protein from United States of America (USA) and compared them with the first reported sequence from Wuhan, China. Our study identified 107 mutations that reside all over the N-protein. Further, we show the high rate of mutations in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of N-protein. Our study show 45% residues of IDR2 harbour mutations. The RNA-binding domain (RBD) and dimerization domain of N-protein also have mutations at key residues. We further measured the effect of these mutations on N-protein stability and dynamicity and our data reveals that multiple mutations can cause considerable alterations. Altogether, our data strongly suggests that N-protein is one of the mutational hotspot proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that is changing rapidly and these mutations can potentially interferes with various aspects of N-protein functions including its interaction with RNA, oligomerization and signalling events.
A sticky thicket of glue cells: A comparative morphometric analysis of colloblasts in 20 species of comb jelly (phylum Ctenophora)
Authors: Leonardi Nicholas D , Thuesen Erik V , Haddock Steven HD
Published: January 2021

Ctenophores in the class Tentaculata are distinct from Cnidarians in that they use sticky, not stinging, tentacles to capture and subdue their prey. The structures that make these tentacles sticky are colloblasts, specialized multicellular adhesive structures for predation. Located on the tentacles, tentacle side-branches (tentilla), or oral tentilla, colloblasts are only found in comb jellies (phylum Ctenophora). To perform comparative anatomy of the diversity of ctenophore colloblasts, specimens were collected from the epi- to bathypelagic zones near the coasts of central California and the Hawaiian Islands using blue-water divers and remotely operated vehicles. Tentacle samples were immediately fixed in a 4% formalin solution at sea, and then prepared in the lab via secondary fixation in 2% OsO4 for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diversity of ultrastructural characteristics was observed using SEM, and the morphometrics of the collosphere, external secretion granules, and spiral filament were recorded for 20 species, within 9 families and 9 genera, including 13 undescribed species. Morphometry of colloblasts reveals that the shape of the collosphere (the organizational unit of sticky granules) falls into 3 classifications: spherical, ellipsoidal, or non-uniform. External secretion granule deposition falls into 2 categories: clustered or patterned; the cap cell membrane was either present or absent. This morphological variation is summarized graphically and will be useful to describe the functional diversity and feeding ecology of the interesting and controversial phylum Ctenophora.
Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type II
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Beri Sarita
Published: January 2021

A paradigm shift has been observed in the classification of Granular corneal dystrophies (GCD). GCD is a bilateral, progressive, genetically determined and non-inflammatory disease limited to the cornea that has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. A 28 year old young male presented to us without any visual complaints. The examination of his cornea revealed the presence of diffuse linear, multiple round to granular, bread crumb like and stellate opacities extending from the sub-epithelium migrating down till the deep stroma, the classical clinical features of a heterozygous phenotypic variant of GCD type II. It progresses slowly and majority of the affected patients maintain a stable vision. Since this patient was asymptomatic therefore a complete ophthalmic examination in routine cases presenting to the oupatient clinics is indispensible. Various management options exist but a definitive treatment option is lacking.
On Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs under Intra-class Correlated Structure of Errors Using a Pair of Dissimilar Incomplete Block Designs
Authors: Beeraka Sulochana , Bejjam Re. Victor Babu
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a study of second order slope rotatable designs under intra-class correlation error structure using two suitably chosen dissimilar incomplete block designs like balanced incomplete block designs and symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes are suggested. Further, we study the variance of the estimated slopes for different values of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ρ) and the distance from the centre (d) for v factors are suggested. Some illustrative examples are also suggested.
Response of Irrigation and Mulching on Yield, Water Use Efficiency, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economy of Mango Cv. Banganpalli in (Semiarid Region) Southern Telangana Region
Authors: Thirupathaiah Guvvali , Bhagwan A. , Kumar A. Kiran , Kumar K. Avil , Vijaya D.
Published: January 2021

An investigation was carried out on sandy loam soils of semi arid regions of southern Telangana to analyze the potential of drip irrigation along with mulch on mango fruit yield, water and nutrient use efficiency. The treatments of present study were comprised of two levels mulching (M0-without mulch and M1-with mulching), with silver Polyethylene of 100 micron thickness were used and two levels of irrigation (I1 -75% and I2 100% ETc through drip), here irrigation levels and mulching together constituting four treatment combinations with five replications under 2x2 factorial randomized block design and the treatment combinations are: I1M0-75% ETc + No mulching, I1M1- 75% ETc + with mulch, I2M0- 100% ETc + No mulching and I2M1- 100 % ETc + with mulch.  The study revealed that drip irrigation 100% ETc along with silver polythene mulch showed better performance in terms of yield, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency as well as economics. Maximum yield of 89.11 kg tree-1 combination of 75 % ETc + with mulching has proven the maximum water use efficiency (5.54 g liter-1 water consumption) and fertilizers use efficiency (0.89 q kg-1 fertilizer application) however along with maximum net return of 400973. 90 rupees ha-1, net return of 346873.90 ha-1 per hectare and B: C ratio of 7.41 was recorded in I2M1 (100 % ETc + with mulch). So the experiment suggests that drip irrigation along with mulch has the potential to provide greater benefit by optimizing the use of water resources. But the interaction of 75 % ETc + with mulching has proven the maximum water use efficiency (6.28 g liter-1 water consumption).
Trade Dynamics of Basmati and Non-Basmati Rice Exports from India
Authors: Udhayakumar M. , Karunakaran K. R.
Published: January 2021

India is the world's largest producer and leading exporter of basmati rice. India produces about 70 per cent of the total world basmati rice production and the rest is produced by Pakistan. During 2017-18 the country has exported globally about 40.56 Lakh tonnes of Basmati Rice and 86.48 Lakh tonnes for Non-Basmati rice, the worth of 268.70 billion and 229.68 billion respectively. Basmati rice has got good export demand and fetches good export price in international markets due to such uniqueness. The higher price of basmati rice in international market made basmati rice as export competitive product. The present study is to analyze the export performance and its competitiveness of basmati non-basmati rice in India. In this paper rice trade dynamics of changes in terms of value of exports of basmati and non-basmati rice from India to different export markets have been measured by employing the Markov-Chain model. U.A.E. and Saudi Arabia are found to be stable destinations for Indian basmati rice exports from Markov-Chain results. Whereas, Benin, Bangladesh and UAE are found to be major destinations for non-basmati rice exports. The most unstable markets among the non-basmati rice importing countries were Cote D Ivoire and Liberia with the zero per cent retention. In order to sustain in the international market, Indian export price needs to be competitive besides improvement in quality and sanitary standards.
Knowledge and Perception of Saudi Dental Professionals Regarding the Use of Resin Infiltration in their Clinical Practice; A Survey-Based Study in Riyadh, KSA
Authors: Alhammad Abdullah Fozan A. , Alrayes Adel Omer M. , Alhedaithy Mohammad Mogbil A. , Alabdulkarim Abdulkarim Abdullah A. , Alhakeem Faisal Raafat F. , Alhussain Badr Soliman M. , Ansari Shahzeb Hasan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Throughout the advancement of subsurface caries lesions, mineral is disbanded out of the enamel, causing enhanced penetrability that look like clinically as incipient or white spot lesions. Nowadays, these lesions are regularly treated by increasing remineralization, e.g., by enhancing the patient’s oral hygiene or fluoridation. Nevertheless, in uncooperative patients with cavitated proximal lesions, this approach has significant drawbacks.

Methodology: A total of 508 dentists filled the online survey, which was distributed using social media and emails. Online questionnaire was constructed consisting of questions related to demographic data followed by questions linked to their knowledge and perception of Resin Infiltration use among their patients.

Results: Overall knowledge reported by the participants regarding Resin Infiltration was 25.2% poor, 72.9% moderate and only 1.9% excellent. 64% of the dental professionals knew that RI is a micro-invasive procedure.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings that the knowledge of Riyadh based dental professionals regarding the use, indication and technique of Resin Infiltration is not satisfactory.
Testing the Giles hypothesis using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Simons Evan A.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The Giles hypothesis posits that differences in the cranial morphology of Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla are largely the result of allometric scaling. However, previous support for the Giles hypothesis was based on bivariate plots of linear measurements. This investigation uses geometric morphometric methods to retest this hypothesis and its prediction that extending the ontogenetic trajectory of a chimpanzee would produce an adult gorilla‐like cranial morphology.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐three 3D cranial landmarks were collected from an ontogenetic series of 76 Pan troglodytes and 58 Gorilla gorilla specimens. Ontogenetic trajectories of cranial shape change were computed via multivariate regression of Procrustes aligned coordinates against LnCS (size vector) and molar eruption stage (developmental vector). These two vectors were then used in developmental simulations to extend the ontogenetic trajectories of adult chimpanzees. Allometric trajectories of chimpanzees and gorillas were also directly compared using Procrustes ANOVA.

Results

Pan and Gorilla significantly differ in their allometric trajectories, and none of the Pan developmental simulations resembled actual adult gorillas. Additionally, the more the Pan developmental vector was extended, the more morphologically distinct the simulations became from actual adult gorillas.

Discussion

Taken together, these results do not support the Giles hypothesis that allometric scaling is primarily responsible for observed morphological differences between chimpanzee and gorilla crania. This investigation demonstrates that neither “growing” a chimpanzee to the size of a gorilla, nor extending a chimpanzee's developmental shape trajectory will result in an adult gorilla‐like cranial morphology as they differ in their patterns of allometry.
Neuro‐Ophthalmological Findings in Early Fatal Familial Insomnia
Authors: Mastrangelo Vincenzo , Merli Elena , Rucker Janet C. , Eggenberger Eric R. , Zee David S. , Cortelli Pietro
Published: January 2021

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare inherited prion disease characterized by sleep, autonomic, and motor disturbances. Neuro‐ophthalmological abnormalities have been reported at the onset of disease, although not further characterized. We analyzed video recordings of eye movements of 6 patients with FFI from 3 unrelated kindreds, seen within 6 months from the onset of illness. Excessive saccadic intrusions were the most prominent findings. In patients with severe insomnia, striking saccadic intrusions are an early diagnostic clue for FFI. The fact that the thalamus is the first structure affected in FFI also suggests its role in the control of steady fixation. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:823–827
An Analysis of Anatomy Education Before and During Covid‐19: May–August 2020
Authors: Harmon Derek J. , Attardi Stefanie M. , Barremkala Malli , Bentley Danielle C. , Brown Kirsten M. , Dennis Jennifer F. , Goldman Haviva M. , Harrell Kelly M. , Klein Barbie A. , Ramnanan Christopher J. , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Farkas Gary J.
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) created unparalleled challenges to anatomy education. Gross anatomy education has been particularly impacted given the traditional in‐person format of didactic instruction and/or laboratory component(s). To assess the changes in gross anatomy lecture and laboratory instruction, assessment, and teaching resources utilized as a result of Covid‐19, a survey was distributed to gross anatomy educators through professional associations and listservs. Of the 67 survey responses received for the May–August 2020 academic period, 84% were from United States (US) institutions, while 16% were internationally based. Respondents indicated that in‐person lecture decreased during Covid‐19 (before: 76%, during: 8%, P < 0.001) and use of cadaver materials declined (before: 76 ± 33%, during: 34 ± 43%, P < 0.001). The use of cadaver materials in laboratories decreased during Covid‐19 across academic programs, stand‐alone and integrated anatomy courses, and private and public institutions (P ≤ 0.004). Before Covid‐19, cadaveric materials used in laboratories were greater among professional health programs relative to medical and undergraduate programs (P ≤ 0.03) and among stand‐alone relative to integrated anatomy courses (P ≤ 0.03). Furthermore, computer‐based assessment increased (P < 0.001) and assessment materials changed from cadaveric material to images (P < 0.03) during Covid‐19, even though assessment structure was not different (P > 0.05). The use of digital teaching resources increased during Covid‐19 (P < 0.001), with reports of increased use of in‐house created content, BlueLink, and Complete Anatomy software (P < 0.05). While primarily representing US institutions, this study provided evidence of how anatomy educators adapted their courses, largely through virtual mediums, and modified laboratory protocols during the initial emergence of the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Molecular switches and dual channel detection of Cd2+ and Fe3+ ions based on a multipodand system
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet
Published: January 2021

Multipodand conjugates were designed and synthesized and incorporated 5‐chloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline for efficient performance and fine tuning to behave as molecular switches by the addition of metals ions, protonation, and their combination in CH3CN and CH3CN–H2O. Dipodand 3 and tetrapodand 4 showed a switching ‘ON’ of fluorescence (λem = 435–445) with Zn2+ and Cd2+ (OR logic) and switching ‘OFF’ of fluorescence (λem = 402) in the presence of Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ (NOR logic). 4 showed switching ‘OFF’ of fluorescence at 402 nm at low concentrations of Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+ and, on further accumulation of these metal ions, excimer bands at 432 nm (Ag+) and 510 nm (Pb2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+) provided the opportunity for ‘ON–OFF–ON’ switching. In contrast, 3 showed no change with Ag+, while Pb2+ caused only ‘ON–OFF’ switching and Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions caused similar ‘ON–OFF–ON’ switching. The H+‐induced ‘ON–OFF–ON’ molecular switch was combined with Cu2+ that persuaded NOR logic to mimic inhibit (INH) logic. The compound also exhibited a H+/Cu2+‐induced ‘OFF–ON–OFF’ type of signalling pattern. These proton‐induced multiple outputs provide opportunities for YES, NOT logic gates. 3 showed selective ‘ON–OFF’ behaviour with Fe3+ ions and ‘OFF–ON’ behaviour with Cd2+ ions in 20% HEPES buffer–CH3CN.
A deep learning approach to evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic reactions generated by retrobiosynthesis
Authors: Kim Yeji , Ryu Jae Yong , Kim Hyun Uk , Jang Woo Dae , Lee Sang Yup
Published: January 2021

Retrobiosynthesis allows the designing of novel biosynthetic pathways for the production of chemicals and materials through metabolic engineering, but generates a large number of reactions beyond the experimental feasibility. Thus, an effective method that can reduce a large number of the initially predicted enzymatic reactions has been needed. Here, we present Deep learning‐based Reaction Feasibility Checker (DeepRFC) to classify the feasibility of a given enzymatic reaction with high performance and speed. DeepRFC is designed to receive Simplified Molecular‐Input Line‐Entry System (SMILES) strings of a reactant pair, which is defined as a substrate and a product of a reaction, as an input, and evaluates whether the input reaction is feasible. A deep neural network is selected for DeepRFC as it leads to better classification performance than five other representative machine learning methods examined. For validation, the performance of DeepRFC is compared with another in‐house reaction feasibility checker that uses the concept of reaction similarity. Finally, the use of DeepRFC is demonstrated for the retrobiosynthesis‐based design of novel one‐carbon assimilation pathways. DeepRFC will allow retrobiosynthesis to be more practical for metabolic engineering applications by efficiently screening a large number of retrobiosynthesis‐derived enzymatic reactions. DeepRFC is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kaistsystemsbiology/deeprfc.
Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in patients with neovascular glaucoma using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Peng Zhi‐You , Liu Yu‐Xin , Li Biao , Ge Qian‐Min , Liang Rong‐Bin , Li Qiu‐Yu , Shi Wen‐Qing , Yu Ya‐Jie , Shao Yi
Published: January 2021

Background

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) can cause irreversible visual impairment and abnormal spontaneous changes in brain's visual system and other systems. There is little research on this aspect at present. However, amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) can be used as an rs‐fMRI analysis technique for testing changes in spontaneous brain activity patterns.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to probe the local characteristics of spontaneous brain activity in NVG patients and analyze their correlation with clinical behaviors.

Methods

Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) scans were obtained from eighteen patients with NVG (8 males, 10 females) and eighteen healthy controls (HCs; 8 males and 10 females) who were matched in age, gender, and education level. We evaluated spontaneous brain activity with the ALFF method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the average ALFF values for altered brain regions of NVG patients with those of HCs.

Results

Compared with HCs, NVG patients had lower ALFF values in the right cuneus, right middle occipital gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right precuneus, and left medial frontal gyrus (p < 0.001). Higher ALFF values were observed in the right superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus (p < 0.001). Analysis of the ROC curves of the brain regions showed that the specificity and accuracy of ALFF values between NVG and HCs in the area under the curve were acceptable (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The patients with NVG exhibited anomalous spontaneous activity in different brain regions; these finding should establish the foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms of NVG. Furthermore, these abnormal variations in specific brain regions can be considered possible clinical indices of NVG.
An exceptional case of posterior shoulder fracture dislocation in patient with recurrent anterior dislocation forming “Mirror Hill‐Sachs lesion”
Authors: Guity Mohammad Reza , Khan Furqan Mohammad Yaseen , Bagheri Nima
Published: January 2021

A posterior dislocation should be always kept in mind in a painful shoulder especially after trauma or seizure. Even in the presence of recurrent dislocation, the direction may be different from one episode to another.
Decompression technique — A modified approach for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation: A case report
Authors: Puisys Algirdas , Auzbikaviciute Viktorija , Vindasiute‐Narbute Egle , Zukauskas Saulius , Deikuviene Justina , Razukevicius Dainius
Published: January 2021

A particular technique can increase the mucosal and peri‐implant bone thickness, prevent compression around implant neck, and obtain proper space for the following prosthetic treatment with an adequate emergence profile.
Synthesis, Modification, and Lithium‐Storage Properties of Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
Authors: Chen Junxin , Huang Zhe , Zeng Weihao , Cao Fei , Ma Jingjing , Tian Weixi , Mu Shichun
Published: January 2021

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are currently widely applied in many aspects of life, but with the development, the capacity of lithium‐ion batteries can no longer meet the needs. One of the dominant factors to restricting the capacity of LIBs is the cathode materials. Among the derivatives of spinel cathode LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has become one of the research promising cathode materials in the current LIBs due to its high working voltage (4.7 V) and large theoretical specific capacity (147 mAh g−1). However, the short cycle life of LNMO during the electrochemical process limits its large‐scale commercial applications. Thus, it is necessary to summarize and discuss the recent development of LNMO. Through comparison with LiMn2O4, the structure, electrochemical properties of LNMO, influence of Mn on the performance of LNMO, and the capacity fading mechanism are analyzed and discussed in detail. We also summarize the modification methods of LNMO and the influence of preparation methods on the structure and performance of LNMO. Finally, some prospects of LNMO cathode are put forward. This Review article can provide helpful references for future design and construction of LNMO.
Multiregion single‐cell sequencing reveals the transcriptional landscape of the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhong Yu , Zhuang Zhenkun , Xie Jiarui , Lu Yueer , Huang Chengzhi , Sun Yan , Wu Liang , Yin Jianhua , Yu Hang , Jiang Zhiqiang , Wang Shanshan , Wang Chunqing , Zhang Yuanhang , Huang Yilin , Han Chongyin , Zhong Zhenggang , Hu Jialin , Ouyang Ying , Liu Huisheng , Yu Mengya , Wei Xiaochan , Chen Dandan , Huang Lizhen , Hou Yong , Lin Zhanglin , Liu Shiping , Ling Fei , Yao Xueqing
Published: January 2021

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem formed by distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition is related to cancer prognosis and response to clinical treatment. In this study, we have taken the advantage of two single‐cell RNA sequencing technologies (Smart‐seq2 and DNBelab C4) to generate an atlas of 15,115 immune and nonimmune cells from primary tumors and hepatic metastases of 18 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We observed extensive changes in the proportions and functional states of T cells and B cells in tumor tissues, compared to those of paired non‐tumor tissues. Importantly, we found that B cells from early CRC tumor were identified to be pre‐B like expressing tumor suppressors, whereas B cells from advanced CRC tumors tended to be developed into plasma cells. We also identified the association of IgA+IGLC2+ plasma cells with poor CRC prognosis, and demonstrated a significant interaction between B‐cell and myeloid‐cell signaling, and found CCL8+ cycling B cells/CCR5+ T‐cell interactions as a potential antitumoral mechanism in advanced CRC tumors. Our results provide deeper insights into the immune infiltration within CRC, and a new perspective for the future research in immunotherapies for CRC.
Modeling and performance analysis of energy harvesting wireless communication systems with reliable energy backup
Authors: Tang Shengda , Tan Liansheng , Liu Tao
Published: January 2021

Energy harvesting wireless communication system (EH‐WCS) has the capability of harvesting energy for system operations from the surrounding renewable energy sources. However, the randomness and instability of the harvested energy will result in the depletion of the energy consumption. To provide reliable communication services with the quality of service (QoS) guarantee, it is necessary for the EH‐WCS to use a reliable energy backup (REB) for supplying energy to the system during the failure of its primary energy source. In this paper, a novel stochastic model, i.e., the extended Markov fluid flow model, is proposed to describe the EH‐WCS with REB. The Kolmogorov forward equations of the system model are derived. By solving the corresponding equations, we obtain the stationary distributions of the key performance metrics for the EH‐WCS with REB, including the average energy consumption rate of the EH‐WCS, the residual energy distribution, the average energy supply rate by REB, the packet queue length in data buffer, the data queue delay, and the packet blocking probability. A numerical example is provided to investigate the theoretical results, and the effects of the system parameters on the performance are further studied numerically. Both the theoretical insights and the numerical analyses are believed to be important for the design of EH‐WCSs.
Understanding the effects of reductionist biological views of eating disorder etiology on patient attitudes and behavior
Authors: Ali Sarrah I. , Dixon Laura , Boudreau Christelle , Davis Caitlin , Gamberg Susan , Bartel Sara J. , Matheson Kara , Farrell Nicholas R. , Keshen Aaron
Published: January 2021

While eating disorders were historically considered to be a result of psychological or environmental causes, current evidence suggests that eating disorders are the product of complex gene–environment interactions wherein heritable vulnerabilities are activated by multiple exposures to environmental stimuli over the lifespan. Despite the fact that this integrated biopsychosocial etiological view of eating disorders is accepted among many professionals in the eating disorder field, evidence suggests that the general public and some clinicians are susceptible to dualist, or reductionist, views of psychopathology. Currently, little is known about (a) the prevalence of reductionist biological views of eating disorder etiology in those with eating disorders (this view attributes the cause of eating disorders to predominantly biological factors but does not acknowledge psychosocial factors as important contributors), (b) the effects of reductionist biological views on clinical outcomes, and (c) the most effective methods for modifying these views. In this article, we present the results of a preliminary investigation on the relationship between perceived causes of eating disorders and the attitudes and behaviors of those with eating disorders. We then go on to propose specific avenues for further research on uncovering the effects of reductionist biological views of eating disorder etiology.
Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Zahir Noura , Magri Pierre , Luo Wen , Gaumet Jean Jacques , Pierrat Philippe
Published: January 2021

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) which are nanofragments of graphene with an average size between 2 and 50 nm have attracted much attention due to their outstanding properties such as high conductivity, high surface area, and good solubility in various solvents. GQDs combine the quantum confinement and edges effects and the properties of graphene. Therefore, GQDs offers a broad range of applications in various fields (medicine, energy conversion, and energy storage devices). This review will present the recent research based on the introduction of GQDs in batteries, supercapacitors, and micro‐supercapacitors as electrodes materials or mixed with an active material as an auxiliary agent. Tables, discussed on selected examples, summarize the electrochemical performances and finally, challenges and perspectives are recalled for the subsequent optimization strategy of electrode materials. This review is expected to appeal a broad interest on functional GQDs materials and promote the further development of high‐performance energy storage device.
Effects of riverbed incision on the hydrology of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Binh Doan Van , Kantoush Sameh A. , Sumi Tetsuya , Mai Nguyen Phuong , Ngoc Trieu Anh , Trung La Vinh , An Tran Dang
Published: January 2021

The hydrogeomorphology of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has been significantly altered by natural and anthropogenic drivers. In this study, the spatiotemporal changes of the flow regime were examined by analysing the long‐term daily, monthly, annual and extreme discharges and water levels from 1980 to 2018, supported by further investigation of the long‐term annual sediment load (from the 1960s to 2015), river bathymetric data (in 1998, 2014 and 2017) and daily salinity concentration (from the 1990s to 2015) using various statistical methods and a coupled numerical model. Then, the effects of riverbed incision on the hydrology were investigated. The results show that the dry season discharge (i.e., in March–June) of the Tien River increased by up to 23% from the predam period (1980–1992) to the postdam period (1993–2018) but that the dry season water level at My Thuan decreased by up to −46%. The annual mean and monthly water levels in June at Tan Chau and in January and June–October at My Thuan in the Tien River decreased statistically, even though the respective discharges increased significantly. These decreased water levels instead of the increased discharges were attributed to the accelerated riverbed incision upstream from My Thuan, which increased by more than three times, from a mean rate of −0.16 m/year (−16.7 Mm3/year) in 1998–2014 to −0.5 m/year (−52.5 Mm3/year) in 2014–2017. This accelerated riverbed incision was likely caused by the reduction in the sediment load of the VMD (from 166.7 Mt/year in the predam period to 57.6 Mt/year in the postdam period) and increase in sand mining (from 3.9 Mm3 in 2012 to 13.43 Mm3 in 2018). Collectively, the decreased dry season water level in the Tien River is likely one of the main causes of the enhanced salinity intrusion.
Improved understanding of dynamic water and mass budgets of high‐alpine karst systems obtained from studying a well‐defined catchment area
Authors: Frank Simon , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico
Published: January 2021

Large areas of Europe, especially in the Alps, are covered by carbonate rocks and in many alpine regions, karst springs are important sources for drinking water supply. Because of their high variability and heterogeneity, the understanding of the hydrogeological functioning of karst aquifers is of particular importance for their protection and utilisation. Climate change and heavy rainfall events are major challenges in managing alpine karst aquifers which possess an enormous potential for future drinking water supply. In this study, we present research from a high‐alpine karst system in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal in Austria, which has a clearly defined catchment and is drained by only one spring system. Results show that (a) the investigated system is a highly dynamic karst aquifer with distinct reactions to rainfall events in discharge and electrical conductivity; (b) the estimated transient atmospheric CO2 sink is about 270 t/a; (c) the calculated carbonate rock denudation rate is between 23 and 47 mm/1000a and (d) the rainfall‐discharge behaviour and the internal flow dynamics can be successfully simulated using the modelling package KarstMod. The modelling results indicate the relevance of matrix storage in determining the discharge behaviour of the spring, particularly during low‐flow periods. This research and the consequent results can contribute and initiate a better understanding and management of alpine karst aquifers considering climate change with more heavy rainfall events and also longer dry periods.