bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the slime mold algorithm for damage detection of large‐scale structures
Authors: Ghannadi Parsa , Kourehli Seyed Sina
Published: June 2022

Optimization‐based methods are increasingly being implemented for structural damage detection problems through the minimization of the objective functions based on vibration data. The adopted optimization algorithm and objective function play an important role in the accurate detection and quantification of damages. Meanwhile, the challenge of long computational time is another aspect of structural damage identification problems, especially upon addressing large‐scale structures. In this paper, recently developed optimization techniques called slime mold algorithm (SMA) and marine predators algorithm (MPA) are applied to damage assessment of large‐scale structures for the first time. The performance of these algorithms is compared with those obtained using other well‐known optimization techniques such as ant lion optimizer (ALO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). Furthermore, the sensitivity of three objective functions based on modal assurance criterion (MAC), modified total modal assurance criterion (MTMAC), and natural frequency vector assurance criterion (NFVAC) are examined. Two numerical studies, including the 53‐bar planar truss and the Guangzhou New TV tower, and a full‐scale three‐story frame as an experimental investigation are conducted to present a statistical comparison. The overall results show that the combination of SMA and objective function based on MTMAC provides an accurate tool for damage identification. However, improved SMA (ISMA) has been introduced to enhance the capability of standard SMA for damage detection, and especially finite element model updating in the experimental example. Five benchmark functions are also used to evaluate the global optimization capacity of ISMA and SMA. The results show that the ISMA has many benefits in terms of tackling global optimization problems. MPA‐MTMAC can provide promising results compared with ALO‐MTMAC, WOA‐MTMAC, and GOA‐MTMAC. However, excessive computation time is a big drawback for MPA. The overall results confirm the perfection of the objective function based on MTMAC compared with two others based on MAC and NFVAC.
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Panama‐hat family (Cyclanthaceae, Pandanales)
Authors: Leal Eduardo S. , Vasconcelos Thais N.C. , Tuberquia Dino , Soto Gomez Marybel , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini , de Mello‐Silva Renato
Published: June 2022

The monocot family Cyclanthaceae (Pandanales) comprises ca. 230 known species in 12 genera restricted to the Neotropics. The family has not been the subject of a species‐level molecular phylogenetic study to date, with multiple evolutionary and biogeographic questions about Cyclanthaceae still unanswered. In this study, we address genus‐ and species‐level relationships and the historical biogeography of Cyclanthaceae based on a broadly sampled molecular phylogeny. Two low‐copy nuclear genes (phyC, rpb2) and five plastid regions (atpB‐rbcL, psbA‐trnH, trnL‐trnF, trnQ‐rps16, matK) representing 99 species and all genera of Cyclanthaceae were sampled, spanning the taxonomic and biogeographic diversity of the family. Our results strongly support the monophyly of all Cyclanthaceae genera and confirm previously proposed hypotheses of intergeneric relationships. Infrageneric relationships are generally well supported, with some exceptions in the genus Asplundia that may require a broader sampling to clarify. The early diversification of Cyclanthaceae is estimated to date back to the Paleocene‐Eocene period in South America, where the family possibly arrived through a boreotropical route. The origin of most genera is inferred from the Paleocene of the Tumbes‐Chocó‐Magdalena region, possibly indicating an earlier origin for this biodiversity hotspot. The current distribution of Cyclanthaceae is likely to have been strongly influenced by major biogeographical events in the Neotropics, such as the uplift of the Andes and the opening of the South America dry diagonal. Further studies that include a broader sample of the large Asplundia‐Dicranopygium clade and Sphaeradenia group are required.
Sn‐, Sb‐ and Bi‐Based Anodes for Potassium Ion Battery
Authors: Gu Yan , Ru Pei Ya , Zhao Ming , Cheng Yang Chun , Jiang Qing
Published: June 2022

Owing to the abundant resources of potassium resources, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) hold great potential in various energy storage devices. However, the poor lifespan of PIBs anodes limit their merchant applications. The exploitation of anode materials with high performance is one of the critical factors to the development of PIBs. Metallic Sn‐, Sb‐, and Bi‐based materials, show promising future thanks to their high theoretical capacities and safe working voltage. However, the rapid capacity decay caused by the large K+ is still a pivotal challenge. In this review, recent progresses on alloying anodes were summarized. Schemes, such as ultra‐small nanoparticles, hetero‐element doping, and electrolyte optimization are effective strategies to improve their electrochemical properties. This review provides an outlook on the nanostructures and their synthesis methods for the alloying‐type materials, and will stimulate their intensive study for practical application in the near future.
Gravitational waves from an inflation triggered first-order phase transition
Authors: An Haipeng , Lyu Kun-Feng , Wang Lian-Tao , Zhou Siyi
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Large excursion of the inflaton field can trigger interesting dynamics. One important example is a first-order phase transition in a spectator sector which couples to the inflaton. Gravitational waves (GWs) from such a first-order phase transition during inflation, an example of an instantaneous source, have an oscillatory feature. In this work, we show that this feature is generic for a source in an era of accelerated expansion. We also demonstrate that the shape of the GW signal contains information about the evolution of the early universe following the phase transition. In particular, the slope of the infrared part of the GW spectrum is sensitive to the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the GW modes reenter the horizon after inflation. The slope of the profile of the intermediate oscillatory part and the ultraviolet part of the GW spectrum depend on the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the modes exit horizon during the inflation and when they reenter the horizon during the reheating. The ultraviolet spectrum also depends on the details of the dynamics of the phase transition. We consider the GW signal in several models of evolution during and after inflation, and compare them with the minimal scenario of quasi- de Sitter inflation followed by radiation domination after a fast reheating, and demonstrate that the shape of the GW can be used to distinguish them. In this way, the GW signal considered in this paper offers a powerful probe to the dynamics of the early universe which is otherwise difficult to explore directly through CMB, large scale structure, big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and other well-studied cosmological observables.
Type IIA embeddings of D = 5 minimal gauged supergravity via non-Abelian T-duality
Authors: Cheung K. C. Matthew , Leung Rahim
Published: June 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we construct explicit Type IIA uplifts of D = 5 minimal gauged supergravity by T-dualising known Type IIB uplifts on N5 = S5, T1,1 and Yp,q along their SU(2) isometries. When the D = 5 gauge field is set to zero, our uplifts recover precisely the known non-Abelian T-duals of the AdS5× N5 solutions. As an application, we obtain new supersymmetric AdS3× Σ × M5 solutions in Type IIA, where $$ \Sigma ={\mathbbm{WCP}}_{\left[{n}_{-},{n}_{+}\right]}^1 $$
Σ
=

WCP

n
−

n
+

1

is a weighted projective space. Existing holographic results of T-dualised AdS solutions suggest that our solutions capture features of d = 2 SCFTs with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry.
The INDICATE Knee expectations survey detects general patient treatment goals for total knee arthroplasty and the influence of demographic factors on patients expectations
Authors: Wunderlich Felix , Eckhard Lukas , Büttner Matthias , Lange Toni , Konradi Jürgen , Betz Ulrich , Drees Philipp , Lützner Jörg
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Post-operative outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis correlates strongly with pre-operative impairment-driven patient treatment goals. However, a clinical tool for measuring patient treatment goals in correlation to impairments is still missing, which impedes patient-oriented indication in TKA.

Methods

Patients scheduled for TKA were recruited in four German hospitals. All patients were handed the INDICATE Knee Score pre-operatively. The score contains 31 treatment goals with respective impairments, subdivided into seven categories. They were asked to rank all treatment goals and impairments on a 3-point scale. Treatment goals and impairments were then checked for frequency of occurrence. Correlation of goal and impairment was tested. Analysis for associations of treatment goals and different cohort characteristics (age, sex, BMI) was conducted.

Results

1.298 patients were included in the study. Seven treatment goals were categorised as “main goal” from more than 90% of all patients (“knee pain”, “range of motion”, “walking distance”, “overall physical function”, “climbing stairs”, “quality of life”, “implant survival”). Comparing age groups, there were significant associations towards higher expectations regarding working, physical and sports related treatment goals in younger patients (< 65y) (“ability to work” (P ≤ .001), “sports activities” (P ≤ .001), “sex life” (P ≤ .001), “dependence on help of others” (P = .015), “preventing secondary impairment” (P = .03), “dependence on walking aids” (P = .005)). Higher BMI resulted in increasing relevance of “weight reduction” (P ≤ .001), “climbing stairs” (P = .039) “global health status” (P = .015) and “long standing” (P = .007) as a “main goal”. Analysis for differences in treatment goals regarding sex showed women choosing more treatment goals as “main goals” than men.

Conclusion

Seven treatment goals which were expected by > 90% in our collective can be classified as general treatment goals for TKA. Demographic factors (age, sex, BMI) were significantly associated with patients’ expectations for TKA. We conclude physicians should clearly assess their patients’ demands prior to TKA to maximise post-operative outcome.

Level of evidence

Prognostic Level III.
Nanosecond laser ablation threshold of liquid tin microdroplets
Authors: Meijer R. A. , Kurilovich D. , Liu B. , Mazzotta Z. , Hernandez-Rueda J. , Versolato O. O. , Witte S.
Published: June 2022

The laser ablation threshold is an important parameter that governs the response of materials to intense laser irradiation. Here we study the ablation threshold of liquid tin, by irradiating tin microdroplets with nanosecond laser pulses having finely controlled temporal shape and duration. We use the time-dependent reflection from the droplet as the main observable, which exhibits a sharp decrease in magnitude at a given time instance that depends on the laser intensity. This moment marks the generation of a plasma that strongly absorbs the following incident laser light, rapidly expands, and thereby sets in motion the remainder of the liquid droplet. We find an inverse-square dependence of this plasma-onset time on laser intensity and attribute this scaling to the presence of one-dimensional heat diffusion during irradiation. This scaling and its one-dimensional thermal origin is strongly established in literature and follows from a square-root scaling of the thermal diffusion depth with time. Our experiment unambiguously shows that this scaling law holds for our specific case of nanosecond laser impact on tin microdroplets. The results presented in this work are of particular interest to target preparation and metrology in extreme-ultraviolet sources utilizing tin microdroplet targets.
Boreal winter stratospheric climatology in EC-EARTH: CMIP6 version
Authors: Palmeiro Froila M , García-Serrano Javier , Rodrigo Mario , Abalos Marta , Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting
Published: June 2022

The performance of the European Consortium Earth-system model (EC-EARTH) in the boreal winter stratosphere is comprehensively assessed for the first time, in particular its version 3.3 that contributes to CMIP6. A 100-year long simulation with prescribed climatological boundary conditions and fixed radiative forcing, representative of present-day climate, is used to evaluate the simulation of the climatological stratospheric circulation and to identify model biases. Results show that EC-EARTH has a large issue with the vertical distribution of stratospheric temperature from the tropics to mid-latitudes, seemingly linked to radiative processes of ozone, leading to a biased warm middle-upper stratosphere. Associated with this model bias, EC-EARTH simulates a stronger polar vortex at upper-stratospheric levels while the Brewer-Dobson circulation at middle/lower levels is weaker than reanalysis. The amplitude of the climatological planetary waves is overall underestimated, but the magnitude of the background wave injection from the troposphere into the stratosphere is overestimated, related to a weaker polar vortex at lower-stratospheric levels and, thus, a less effective wave filtering. This bias in the westerly flow could have a contribution from parameterized waves. The overestimation of background wave driving is maximum in early-winter, and may explain the overestimated frequency of sudden stratospheric warmings at this time, as compared to reanalysis. The spatial distribution of wave injection climatology has revealed a distinctive role of the climatological planetary waves: while large-scale waves (wavenumbers 1–2) dominate the eddy heat flux over the North Pacific, small-scale waves (wavenumbers 3–4) are responsible for the doubled-lobe structure of the eddy heat flux over Eurasia. EC-EARTH properly simulates this climatological feature, although overestimates its amplitude over central Eurasia.
Linear and nonlinear shear rheology of nearly unentangled H-polymer melts and solutions
Authors: Ianniello Vincenzo , Costanzo Salvatore
Published: June 2022

We investigate the linear and nonlinear shear rheology of a marginally entangled H-polymer melt and two solutions made by diluting high molecular weight H-polymers in linear oligomer. In order to approach a nearly unentangled state, dilution is conducted at volume fractions such that the two solutions attain a similar number of entanglements of the melt. Start-up shear experiments demonstrate that the nonlinear behavior of the H-polymer melt is analogous to that of a linear melt with comparable span chain length. Concerning solutions, the increase of chain elasticity in fast flows, coupled with a lesser role of monomeric friction reduction, allows to attain strong stretch in start-up shear tests. As a result, transient strain hardening occurs. Furthermore, a failure of the Cox-Merz rule is observed for the solutions, which indicates that they better conform to a FENE-Rouse chain behavior compared to melts.
Comparison of the efficacy of cochlear implantation and stapes surgery in far advanced otosclerosis: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Teaima Ahmed Abdelmoneim , Elnashar Abdelhamid Abdelhamid , Hakim Ehab Kamal , Hadaey Hanaa Sabry
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study is to compare the hearing outcomes and complications of stapes surgery and cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO).

Data sources

A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of science and Cochrane Library was conducted in June 2021 for articles in the literature till this year.

Study selection

Studies are published in English language, conducted on human subjects, concerned with comparison of CI and stapes surgery in the management of FAO, not Laboratory study and not Opinion study. The current review followed the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement 2009 (PRISMA).

Data extraction

Twenty-six studies were included with 334 patients in CI group and 241 patients in stapes surgery group. Comparison between both groups was done in terms of postoperative complications, audiological outcomes, rete of revision surgery and patients’ satisfaction rate.

Results

Postoperative complications rate was significantly lower in CI (13.6%) than stapes surgery (18.6%). CI had a significantly lower rate of revision surgery (8.1%) than stapes surgery (16.4%). CI had a better mean for pure tone average (29.1 dB) than stapedectomy (52.3 dB) while stapes surgery had a higher mean for recognition of monosyllables and disyllables than CI. CI had significantly higher satisfaction rate than stapes surgery.

Conclusion

Both Stapes surgery and CI are reliable treatment options for FAO with close success rates. Statistics of CI are greater than stapes surgery and CI has a consistent improvement in audiometric outcomes in comparison to stapes surgery.
Spectrum and resistance in bacterial infections of the ocular surface in a German tertiary referral center 2009–2019
Authors: Roth Mathias , Goerke Paul , Holtmann Christoph , Frings Andreas , MacKenzie Colin R. , Geerling Gerd
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies, trends, and antibiotic resistance of bacteria collected from ocular surface or contact lens material in a German tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019.

Methods

Microbiological data from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed. Culture-dependent microbial identification and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity was completed by the Institute of Microbiology. Statistical analysis of age- and sex-specific differences as well as changes in the microbial spectrum and resistance over the study period was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.0 applying nonparametric tests (level of significance: p ≦ 0.05).

Results

A total of 6361 specimens were analyzed. Positivity rate was 18.6%. Sixty-three percent (n = 680) of the bacterial isolates were derived from ocular surface and 37% (n = 399) from contact lens material. The ratio of gram-negative bacteria was significantly higher in contact lens material. Multiresistant bacteria showed a significant increase with patient age (p < 0.0001). An overall increase in resistance to levofloxacin (p = 0.0239) was detected. Only 2.4% and 3.1% isolates were resistant to a combination of moxifloxacin and gentamicin, respectively, levofloxacin and gentamicin.

Conclusions

The reported bacterial spectrum is similar to comparable centers. Our data show that it should not be assumed that the newest classes of antibiotics have the best efficacy or lowest resistance levels. In suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, we propose using gentamicin as first-line therapy. In therapy refractive cases and in involvement of the cornea, we recommend a combination of gentamicin and ofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Overall, the evaluated organisms showed good sensitivity to the regularly used antibiotics.
AMPK facilitates the hypoxic ventilatory response through non-adrenergic mechanisms at the brainstem
Authors: MacMillan Sandy , Evans A. Mark
Published: June 2022

We recently demonstrated that the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is facilitated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in catecholaminergic neural networks that likely lie downstream of the carotid bodies within the caudal brainstem. Here, we further subcategorise the neurons involved, by cross-comparison of mice in which the genes encoding the AMPK-α1 (Prkaa1) and AMPK-α2 (Prkaa2) catalytic subunits were deleted in catecholaminergic (TH-Cre) or adrenergic (PNMT-Cre) neurons. As expected, the HVR was markedly attenuated in mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in catecholaminergic neurons, but surprisingly was modestly augmented in mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in adrenergic neurons when compared against a variety of controls (TH-Cre, PNMT-Cre, AMPK-α1/α2 floxed). Moreover, AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in catecholaminergic neurons precipitated marked hypoventilation and apnoea during poikilocapnic hypoxia, relative to controls, while mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in adrenergic neurons entered relative hyperventilation with reduced apnoea frequency and duration. We conclude, therefore, that AMPK-dependent modulation of non-adrenergic networks may facilitate increases in ventilatory drive that shape the classical HVR, whereas AMPK-dependent modulation of adrenergic networks may provide some form of negative feedback or inhibitory input to moderate HVR, which could, for example, protect against hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.
Die Etablierung eines neuen Forschungskonzepts an einem universitären Standort
Authors: Gratl Alexandra , Lobenwein Daniela , Gummerer Maria , Wipper Sabine
Published: June 2022

Neben der klinischen Tätigkeit haben an einem universitären Standort Forschung und Lehre einen großen Stellenwert. Durch die Etablierung eines neuen Forschungslabors an der Universitätsklinik für Gefäßchirurgie der Medizinischen Universität Innsbruck wurden die infrastrukturellen Voraussetzungen zur Gestaltung eines neuen Forschungsschwerpunkts geschaffen. Die Kooperation mit nationalen und internationalen Partnern war für diesen Prozess essenziell. Nicht nur in der Planung und Ausstattung der Räumlichkeiten, sondern auch in der Entwicklung von Studienprotokollen und zur kritischen Diskussion von Ergebnissen ist der Aufbau eines Netzwerkes von großer Bedeutung. Durch die Etablierung der experimentellen Gefäßchirurgie Innsbruck ist nun die Realisierung von Projekten der Grundlagenforschung und der translationalen Forschung an diesem universitären Standort möglich. Zudem spielt die Lehrforschung eine immer größere Rolle, insbesondere um die Ausbildungsstruktur möglichst praxisnah zu gestalten, Nachwuchs anzuwerben und die immer komplexer werdenden Techniken auch praxisnah zu vermitteln.
EQ-5D-5L: a value set for Romania
Authors: Olariu Elena , Mohammed Wael , Oluboyede Yemi , Caplescu Raluca , Niculescu-Aron Ileana Gabriela , Paveliu Marian Sorin , Vale Luke
Published: June 2022

Objective

We aimed to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set for Romania.

Methods

In line with the EuroQoL standardized valuation protocol, computer-assisted interviews were conducted face-to-face in a representative sample in Romania (November 2018–November 2019).

Valuation methods included composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiment tasks. Several models were tested, including models that accounted for data censoring, panel structure of the data, heteroscedasticity, conditional logit, and hybrid models. The final model was selected based on logical consistency, theoretical considerations, and use of all available data. We compared our value set with other value sets from Central and Eastern Europe region.

Results

Data from 1493 respondents was used to estimate the value set. A censored hybrid model corrected for heteroscedasticity was selected to represent the value set. The highest decrements in utility were observed for the pain/discomfort dimension (0.375), followed by the mobility dimension (0.293). Health utilities ranged from 1.000 to − 0.323 and 1.3% of the values were negative. The model was corrected with survey weights to better reflect the representativeness of the sample, but the first two coefficients of the self-care dimension stopped being logically consistent. Differences were found between the Romanian, Hungarian and Polish EQ-5D-5L value sets. Good agreement was noted with the Romanian EQ-5D-3L value set, with a swap between pain/discomfort and mobility in ranking of dimensions.

Conclusion

A value set for EQ-5D-5L is now available for Romania. This will push one-step further the development of health technology assessment and encourage more health-related quality-of-life research to be conducted locally.
Dairy Cattle Density and Temporal Patterns of Human Campylobacteriosis and Cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand
Authors: Grout Leah , Marshall Jonathan , Hales Simon , Baker Michael G. , French Nigel
Published: June 2022

Public health risks associated with the intensification of dairy farming are an emerging concern. Dairy cattle are a reservoir for a number of pathogens that can cause human illness. This study examined the spatial distribution of dairy cattle density and explored temporal patterns of human campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis notifications in New Zealand from 1997 to 2015. Maps of dairy cattle density were produced, and temporal patterns of disease rates were assessed for urban versus rural areas and for areas with different dairy cattle densities using descriptive temporal analyses. Campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis rates displayed strong seasonal patterns, with highest rates in spring in rural areas and, for campylobacteriosis, summer in urban areas. Increases in rural cases often preceded increases in urban cases. Furthermore, disease rates in areas with higher dairy cattle densities tended to peak before areas with low densities or no dairy cattle. Infected dairy calves may be a direct or indirect source of campylobacteriosis or cryptosporidiosis infection in humans through environmental or occupational exposure routes, including contact with animals or feces, recreational contact with contaminated waterways, and consumption of untreated drinking water. These results have public health implications for populations living, working, or recreating in proximity to dairy farms.
Awareness, Understanding and HIV Stigma in Response to Undetectable = Untransmittable Messages: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample in the United Kingdom
Authors: Coyne Rory , Walsh Jane C. , Noone Chris
Published: June 2022

‘Undetectable = Untransmittable’, or ‘U = U’, is a message which communicates the scientific consensus that people living with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot sexually transmit HIV to others. This research aimed to empirically test whether a protection-framed U = U message is more effective at decreasing HIV stigma and increasing perceived accuracy of U = U than a risk-framed message. A nationally representative UK sample (N = 707) completed an online experiment. Participants viewed one of two U = U messages (protection-framed or risk-framed) and completed an online questionnaire. No evidence of a difference in HIV stigma at post-test or in perceived accuracy of U = U was found between the two message frame conditions. A minority of participants were aware of U = U prior to participation. Post-intervention, the majority of participants rated U = U as at least somewhat accurate. Higher understanding of U = U was associated with lower post-test stigma following a protection-framed message. Following a brief intervention, among a sample predominantly unaware of U = U previously, there was an overall favourable rating of U = U. No evidence was found for an effect of message framing on HIV stigma or perceived accuracy of U = U, but participants who completed a pre-test measure of stigma rated U = U as less accurate.
Data-driven strategies in operation management: mining user-generated content in Twitter
Authors: Saura Jose Ramon , Ribeiro-Soriano Domingo , Palacios-Marqués Daniel
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the business ecosystem has focused on understanding new ways of automating, collecting, and analyzing data in order to improve products and business models. These actions allow operations management to improve prediction, value creation, optimization, and automatization. In this study, we develop a novel methodology based on data-mining techniques and apply it to identify insights regarding the characteristics of new business models in operations management. The data analyzed in the present study are user-generated content from Twitter. The results are validated using the methods based on Computer-Aided Text Analysis. Specifically, a sentimental analysis with TextBlob on which experiments are performed using vector classifier, multinomial naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and random forest classifier is used. Then, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation is applied to separate the sample into topics based on sentiments to calculate keyness and p-value. Finally, these results are analyzed with a textual analysis developed in Python. Based on the results, we identify 8 topics, of which 5 are positive (Automation, Data, Forecasting, Mobile accessibility and Employee experiences), 1 topic is negative (Intelligence Security), and 2 topics are neutral (Operational CRM, Digital teams). The paper concludes with a discussion of the main characteristics of the business models in the OM sector that use DDI. In addition, we formulate 26 research questions to be explored in future studies.
Understanding the career interests of Information Technology (IT) students: a focus on choice of major and career aspirations
Authors: McKenzie Sophie , Bennett Dawn
Published: June 2022

Despite continuous growth in the number of positions in Australia’s Information Technology (IT) industry since 2015, only half of Australia’s IT graduates go on to work in IT positions. A much-debated challenge for graduates is that the transition to work is complex and often demands several attempts. Less discussed is why school students choose to study IT at university and whether these motivational factors inform their career choice. The motivation to study at university has many potential influences including social factors, prior experience, self-perceptions, intrinsic or personal utility values, or simply the prospect of a good salary. Students’ choice of university major has similar influences; however, many learners select their major and enter university without having thought about possible career pathways. As such, without appropriate support during their time at university, students may not translate interest and motivation into career identity or commitment, and they may not develop realistic career goals or job-seeking strategies. To understand the antecedents to career interest, this study investigated the choice of major and career aspirations of undergraduate IT students at an Australian university. The two-year study engaged students in two phases of data collection. First, students completed an online self-assessment of study and career confidence, answering two open questions on why they chose to study IT and how long they intended to work in the discipline. Students then responded to a short online survey about their short- and longer-term career aspirations and prior experience. The results show that the motivation to study IT is based largely on intrinsic interest and enjoyment of IT rather than on external factors such as salary or job security. Most students reported broad career aspirations related to IT; however, students were unable to articulate what these careers might entail and they were unsure about the amount of time they would spend in the IT profession. The study concluded that understanding IT students’ motivation for study could inform career development learning activities through which students transform their interest into career choice and pre-professional identity.
No Pills, but Letters. Saul Bellow’s Herzog: The Recovery of a Depressed Academic
Authors: Vanheste Jeroen
Published: June 2022

In this article, I discuss the illness and recovery of the depressed Moses Herzog, the protagonist of Saul Bellow’s novel Herzog (1964). Using this novel as a case study, I criticize a one-sided (neuro)biological and drug-based approach to depression. Referring to the hermeneutic anthropology of philosophers like Paul Ricoeur and Marya Schechtman, I argue that the treatment of depression could benefit from a broader approach that takes into account existential and social-cultural factors as well as biological factors. I suggest that narrative psychiatry offers a framework wherein various models of mental illness may be combined in ways that move beyond a pro/contra bio-psychiatry binary. By investigating depression using philosophical ideas and a literary text, this article aims to illustrate how the humanities may contribute to our thinking about depression.
Ethico-Political aspects of clinical judgment in opportunistic screening for cognitive impairment: Arendtian and aristotelian perspectives
Authors: Gunnarson Martin , Zeiler Kristin
Published: June 2022

This article examines a population-based opportunistic screening practice for cognitive impairment that takes place at a hospital in Sweden. At the hospital, there is a routine in place that stipulates that all patients over the age of 65 who are admitted to the ward will be offered testing for cognitive impairment, unless they have been tested within the last six months or have been diagnosed with any form of cognitive impairment. However, our analysis shows that this routine is not universally and mechanically applied. Rather, the health care professionals have developed and use an ethico-political judgment, concerning, for example,whomto test,whento offer the tests, andhowto explain and perform them. This article explores the role and practice of this form of judgment, emphasising its political and ethical nature. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with professionals and patients, and draws on the theories of Aristotle and Hannah Arendt.
A coarse-to-fine temporal action detection method combining light and heavy networks
Authors: Zhao Fan , Wang Wen , Wu Yu , Wang Kaixuan , Kang Xiaobing
Published: June 2022

Temporal action detection aims to judge whether there existing a certain number of action instances in a long untrimmed videos and to locate the start and end time of each action. Even though the existing action detection methods have shown promising results in recent years with the widespread application of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), it is still a challenging problem to accurately locate each action segment while ensuring real-time performance. In order to achieve a good tradeoff between detection efficiency and accuracy, we present a coarse-to-fine hierarchical temporal action detection method by using multi-scale sliding window mechanism. Since the complexity of the convolution operator is proportional to the number and the size of the input video clips, the idea of our proposed method is to first determine candidate action proposals and then perform the detection task on these candidate action proposals only with a view to reducing the overall complexity of the detection method. By making full use of the spatio-temporal information of video clips, a lightweight 3D-CNN classifier is first used to quickly determine whether the video clip is a candidate action proposal, avoiding the re-detection of a large number of non-action video clips by the heavyweight deep network. A heavyweight detector is designed to further improve the accuracy of action positioning by considering both boundary regression loss and category loss in the target loss function. In addition, the Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) is performed to eliminate redundant detection results among the overlapping proposals. The mean Average Precision (mAP) is 40.6%, 51.7% and 20.4% on THUMOS14, ActivityNet and MPII Cooking dataset when the Intersection-over-Union (tIoU) threshold is set to 0.5, respectively. Experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed method on three challenging temporal activity detection datasets while achieving real-time speed. At the same time, our method can generate proposals for unseen action classes with high recalls.
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Agitation during Post-Traumatic Amnesia following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Carrier Sarah L. , Ponsford Jennie , Phyland Ruby K. , Hicks Amelia J. , McKay Adam
Published: June 2022

Agitation is common in the early recovery period following traumatic brain injury (TBI), known as post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Non-pharmacological interventions are frequently used to manage agitation, yet their efficacy is largely unknown. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for agitation during PTA in adults with TBI. Key databases searched included MEDLINE Ovid SP interface, PubMed, CINAHL, Excerpta Medica Database, PsycINFO and CENTRAL, with additional online reviewing of key journals and clinical trial registries to identify published or unpublished studies up to May 2020. Eligible studies included participants aged 16 years and older, showing agitated behaviours during PTA. Any non-pharmacological interventions for reducing agitation were considered, with any comparator accepted. Eligible studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instruments and findings were reported in narrative form. Twelve studies were included in the review: two randomized cross-over trials, three quasi-experimental studies, four cases series and three case reports. Non-pharmacological interventions were music therapy, behavioural strategies and environmental modifications, physical restraints and electroconvulsive therapy. Key methodological concerns included absence of a control group, a lack of formalised agitation measurement and inconsistent concomitant use of pharmacology. Interventions involving music therapy had the highest level of evidence, although study quality was generally low to moderate. Further research is needed to evaluate non-pharmacological interventions for reducing agitation during PTA after TBI.

Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42020186802), registered May 2020.
Who pushes the discussion on wind energy? An analysis of self-reposting behaviour on Twitter
Authors: Mastroeni Loretta , Naldi Maurizio , Vellucci Pierluigi
Published: June 2022

Discussions about wind energy and its environmental impact take place routinely over Twitter. Twitterers with a strong interest in the matter may also retweet their own tweets (aka self-reposting) as a means to increase their visibility and push their message across. Identifying the features that make self-reposted tweets different from tweets that are not retweeted (either by their originators or by other twitterers) is crucial to understand what drives self-reposting. In this paper, we examine several characteristics of self-reposted tweets, concerning when they occur, how frequently, their length, and the number of hashtags, hyperlinks, and exclamation points they contain. We conduct our analysis on a dataset comprising tweets about wind energy. We find out that: (a) twitterers repost their own tweets primarily on weekends (especially on Sundays) and in the afternoon; (b) self-reposted tweets tend to be longer and contain more hashtags; (c) self-reposting typically occurs when retweets by other twitterers become less frequent, probably driven by the need to refresh the message. Finally, we also observe that self-reposting is resorted to mostly by individual twitterers rather than companies.
Multivariate Analysis of Beliefs in Pseudoscience and Superstitions Among Pre-service Teachers in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Carro Remo , Vílchez José Eduardo , Vílchez-González José Miguel , Ezquerra Ángel
Published: June 2022

Do pre-service teachers have the same beliefs in superstitions and pseudoscience as the members of their generation? We expect so, because they are slightly different in at least two of the variables that explain differences, namely family income and level of studies, and also, normatively, because beliefs among teaching staff appear to be a key matter in the scientific literacy of citizens. In this work, we compare data from the general public of the same age to our sample of 578 pre-service teachers from five Spanish universities, using the same questionnaire. Multivariate regression analysis is then used to study the factors that affect defence of such beliefs and the differences between pre-service teachers and their age group. We have found that, on the contrary to what was expected, beliefs among pre-service teachers are not far from those of their age group in the population at large. Within that relatively homogenous group, a favourable attitude toward pseudoscience and superstition mainly depends on their educational level and basic knowledge of science, but that knowledge probably depends on their spontaneous interest in scientific matters and a prior favourable attitude. These results have implications in training scientific teachers and in the scientific literacy of the population. Thus, we must consider such non-scientific beliefs when designing classroom proposals and when communicating scientific content in social contexts.
Civic Participation as a Promoter of Well-Being: Comparative Analysis among European Countries
Authors: Vega-Tinoco Andrea , Gil-Lacruz Ana Isabel , Gil-Lacruz Marta
Published: June 2022

Previous research on the direction of the relationship between civic participation and well-being has evidenced that civic participation is a promoter of well-being among older adults in Europe. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to identify and analyze the differences between European welfare systems regarding both civic participation and well-being. For this purpose, a logistic multilevel regression analysis was performed as an empirical strategy, using the cross-sectional data from the 9 waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2018). Significant differences in well-being were observed, with Anglo-Saxon elders being the healthiest, and the Nordic the happiest and most satisfied with their lives. In contrast, Eastern European seniors reported the lowest levels of well-being. Also, Nordic countries are the most civically engaged, followed by the Continental and Anglo-Saxon, while Mediterranean and Eastern countries engage the least. However, the impact of civic participation on well-being is strongest for the Mediterranean countries, while its impact on satisfaction and happiness is weakest for the Nordic countries. The 3 models of the multilevel analysis indicate that civic participation has a positive impact on health, happiness and life satisfaction, and that this effect is quite robust. Also, by adding country-level macro variables to the model, it is possible to reduce the random effects and hence to better explain these international differences. Concisely, the impact of civic participation on the well-being of the elderly differs across nations and should therefore be considered by policy makers.
Assistive technology for the inclusion of students with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Fernández-Batanero José María , Montenegro-Rueda Marta , Fernández-Cerero José , García-Martínez Inmaculada
Published: June 2022

The commitment to increase the inclusion of students with disabilities has ensured that the concept of Assistive Technology (AT) has become increasingly widespread in education. The main objective of this paper focuses on conducting a systematic review of studies regarding the impact of Assistive Technology for the inclusion of students with disabilities. In order to achieve the above, a review of relevant empirical studies published between 2009 and 2020 in four databases (Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, ERIC and PsycINFO) was carried out. The sample consists of 31 articles that met the inclusion criteria of this review, out of a total of 216 identified. Findings of this study include that the use of Assistive Technologies is successful in increasing the inclusion and accessibility of students with disabilities, although barriers such as teacher education, lack of information or accessibility are found.
Realistic C-arm to pCT registration for vertebral localization in spine surgery
Authors: Naik Roshan Ramakrishna , Anitha H  , Bhat Shyamasunder N , Ampar Nishanth , Kundangar Raghuraj
Published: June 2022

Spine surgeries are vulnerable to wrong-level surgeries and postoperative complications because of their complex structure. Unavailability of the 3D intraoperative imaging device, low-contrast intraoperative X-ray images, variable clinical and patient conditions, manual analyses, lack of skilled technicians, and human errors increase the chances of wrong-site or wrong-level surgeries. State of the art work refers 3D-2D image registration systems and other medical image processing techniques to address the complications associated with spine surgeries. Intensity-based 3D-2D image registration systems had been widely practiced across various clinical applications. However, these frameworks are limited to specific clinical conditions such as anatomy, dimension of image correspondence, and imaging modalities. Moreover, there are certain prerequisites for these frameworks to function in clinical application, such as dataset requirement, speed of computation, requirement of high-end system configuration, limited capture range, and multiple local maxima. A simple and effective registration framework was designed with a study objective of vertebral level identification and its pose estimation from intraoperative fluoroscopic images by combining intensity-based and iterative control point (ICP)–based 3D-2D registration. A hierarchical multi-stage registration framework was designed that comprises coarse and finer registration. The coarse registration was performed in two stages, i.e., intensity similarity-based spatial localization and source-to-detector localization based on the intervertebral distance correspondence between vertebral centroids in projected and intraoperative X-ray images. Finally, to speed up target localization in the intraoperative application, based on 3D-2D vertebral centroid correspondence, a rigid ICP-based finer registration was performed. The mean projection distance error (mPDE) measurement and visual similarity between projection image at finer registration point and intraoperative X-ray image and surgeons’ feedback were held accountable for the quality assurance of the designed registration framework. The average mPDE after peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)–based coarse registration was 20.41mm. After the coarse registration in spatial region and source to detector direction, the average mPDE reduced to 12.18mm. On finer ICP-based registration, the mean mPDE was finally reduced to 0.36 mm. The approximate mean time required for the coarse registration, finer registration, and DRR image generation at the final registration point were 10 s, 15 s, and 1.5 min, respectively. The designed registration framework can act as a supporting tool for vertebral level localization and its pose estimation in an intraoperative environment. The framework was designed with the future perspective of intraoperative target localization and its pose estimation irrespective of the target anatomy.

Graphical abstract