bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of age and knee osteoarthritis on the modular control of walking: A pilot study
Authors: Roelker Sarah A. , Koehn Rebekah R. , Caruthers Elena J. , Schmitt Laura C. , Chaudhari Ajit M. W. , Siston Robert A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Older adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often exhibit reduced locomotor function and altered muscle activity. Identifying age- and KOA-related changes to the modular control of gait may provide insight into the neurological mechanisms underlying reduced walking performance in these populations. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the modular control of walking differs between younger and older adults without KOA and adults with end-stage KOA.

Methods

Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography data were collected from ten younger (23.5 ± 3.1 years) and ten older (63.5 ± 3.4 years) adults without KOA and ten adults with KOA (64.0 ± 4.0 years) walking at their self-selected speed. Separate non-negative matrix factorizations of 500 bootstrapped samples determined the number of modules required to reconstruct each participant’s electromyography. One-way Analysis of Variance tests assessed the effect of group on walking speed and the number of modules. Kendall rank correlations (τb) assessed the association between the number of modules and self-selected walking speed.

Results

The number of modules required in the younger adults (3.2 ± 0.4) was greater than in the individuals with KOA (2.3 ± 0.7;p= 0.002), though neither cohorts’ required number of modules differed significantly from the unimpaired older adults (2.7 ± 0.5;p≥ 0.113). A significant association between module number and walking speed was observed (τb= 0.350,p= 0.021) and individuals with KOA walked significantly slower (0.095 ± 0.21 m/s) than younger adults (1.24 ± 0.15 m/s;p= 0.005). Individuals with KOA also exhibited altered module activation patterns and composition (which muscles are associated with each module) compared to unimpaired adults.

Conclusion

These findings suggest aging alone may not significantly alter modular control; however, the combined effects of knee osteoarthritis and aging may together impair the modular control of gait.
Cinema Off Screen: Moviegoing in Socialist China, Zhou Chenshu (2021)
Authors: Wu Victor
Published: December 2021

Review of: Cinema Off Screen: Moviegoing in Socialist China, Zhou Chenshu (2021)

Berkeley: University of California Press, 282 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-52034-339-9, p/bk, $34.95
Surgical Techniques for Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations
Authors: Sharif Salman , Shaikh Yousuf , Yaman Onur , Zileli Mehmet
Published: December 2021

To formulate the specific guidelines for the recommendation of thoracolumbar fracture regarding surgical techniques and nonfusion surgery. WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee organized 2 consensus meeting. For nonfusion surgery and thoracolumbar fracture, a systematic literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar database was done from 2010 to 2020. The search was further refined by excluding the articles which were duplicate, not in English or were based on animal or cadaveric subjects. After thorough shortlisting, only 50 articles were selected for full review in this consensus meeting. To generate a consensus, the levels of agreement or disagreement on each item were voted independently in a blind fashion through a Likert-type scale from 1 to 5. The consensus was achieved when the sum for disagreement or agreement was ≥ 66%. Each consensus point was clearly defined with evidence strength, recommendation grade, and consensus level provided. A magnitude of prospective papers were analyzed to formulate consensus on various surgical techniques that can be employed to address different types of thoracolumbar fractures. Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures can be a better option over the nonoperative approach, especially for those who cannot tolerate months in an orthosis or cast, such as those with multiple extremity injuries, skin lesions, obesity, and so forth. It generally allows early mobilization, less hospital stay, reduced pulmonary complications, and better correction of sagittal balance. Current available literature fails to demonstrate any statistically significant benefit of fusion surgery over nonfusion in thoracolumbar fractures.
Vivir en una Nube de Humo: Normalización de la violencia ambiental en San Salvador (Entre Ríos, Argentina)
Authors: Duer Mara
Published: December 2021

En cada marzo, en San Salvador, Entre Ríos, se genera una bruma que crece hasta que envuelve a toda su ciudad como resultado del procesamiento del arroz. En los últimos 15 años algunos pobladores comenzaron a preguntarse sobre la conexión entre el polvillo que se genera en los molinos y la preponderancia de enfermedades cancerígenas y respiratorias y la alta tasa de fallecimientos expandiéndose en la ciudad conocida como la capital nacional del arroz. El artículo explora cómo el avance del agronegocio, afecta aquella relación de proximidad entre el campo, el molino y la ciudad, convirtiéndola en una ‘zona de sacrificio’ donde el desarrollo resulta asociado a la degradación de los cuerpos y el ambiente. El estudio indaga cómo se encarna corporal y discursivamente los costos de este modelo de desarrollo para sus pobladores. Para el presente trabajo se realizaron entrevistas y se apoyó fuertemente en los informes ambientales (UNLP) y socio-sanitarios desarrollados en San Salvador (UNR).
EVERYTHING IS UNDER CONTROL: TESTING & CONTROL + NDT RUSSIA 2020
Authors: Matveev V. I. , Kleyzer P. E.
Published: December 2021

The article briefly discusses the main achievements of companies in the field of creation and application of technical means intended for testing, measurement and non-destructive testing of modern structures and materials for various purposes. These are means of vibration diagnostics and non-destructive testing based on the use of various physical methods of interaction of radiation and fields with the substance and the object of control. Brief information is given about the companies that deal with these problems.
ABOUT FEATURES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF A SIGNAL OF THE ANGLE BEAM PROBE WITH COMPOSITE PIEZOPLATE AND VARIOUS TYPES PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: December 2021

On the basis of computer modelling spectra and pulses of signals of the combined angle beam probe with composite piezoplate with piezoelectric ceramics several types it is shown, that short pulses with the greatest amplitudes are provided with use in piezoplate segnetosoft ceramics (for example, types PZT-5H, APC-850). At use piezoelectric ceramics intermediate type (CTS-19) the maximal amplitude of a pulse of the angle beam probe with such piezoplate appears much less, than for segnetosoft ceramics. Application in composite piezoplate piezoelectric ceramics such as TKS-21 (with the increased anisotropy of factors of electromechanical coupling coefficients) is inexpedient because of small amplitude of a pulse.Use of polymeric matrixes with small wave resistance provides additional increase of amplitude and reduction of length of pulses of angle beam probes.
ANALYSIS OF THE ERROR IN DETERMINING THE EQUIVALENT SIZE OF A DEFECT BY THE STANDARDLESS METHOD DURING ULTRASONIC TESTING
Authors: Kireev A. N. , Kireeva M. A.
Published: December 2021

The article provides a review and analysis of the defect identification method for determining the size of discontinuities when diagnosing various machine parts and units by the manual ultrasonic method. This method makes it possible to determine the equivalent size of discontinuities of various types without using standard samples of an enterprise: point planar and volumetric; extended planar and volumetric. The method is based on the use of the relationship between the amplitude and time characteristics of the echo signal from the discontinuity and the backside signal in the object being diagnosed and the equivalent size of the discontinuity. The article presents the mathematical apparatus for the implementation of this method. Also presented is a software product that allows you to automate calculations when using this defect identification method. The article contains experimental studies of the method for determining the equivalent dimensions of discontinuities of various types, which have shown its high reliability. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the equivalent size of a point planar discontinuity was 2.867 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the equivalent size of a point volumetric discontinuity was 1.986 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the transverse equivalent size of an extended planar discontinuity was 0.667 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the transverse equivalent size of an extended volumetric discontinuity was 1.95 %.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CORROSION RATE OF PROCESS PIPELINES USING AUTOMATED REAL-TIME MONITORING
Authors: Gimaletdinov R. R. , Usmanov M. R. , Valeev S. F. , Bodyakshin M. I. , Kopalidi E. I. , Gavrilov V. V. , Zolotarev I. L. , Zalomina E. S.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses a conceptual approach to ensuring the reliability of technological pipelines using automated corrosion monitoring tools in combination with predictive Analytics systems. The tasks are implemented using portable wireless ultrasonic sensors for monitoring the wall thickness of technological equipment and pipelines, which support the process of monitoring and evaluating the technical condition of the equipment. Installation of sensors is carried out without violating the integrity of the pipeline or changing the design of the equipment, which provides convenience and short terms of putting them into operation. The direct measurement method allows you to reliably monitor both the current state of the system and the rate of corrosion changes in the equipment. High accuracy and repeatability of measurements allows you to track changes in the thickness of the metal of the order of 10 microns, which significantly exceeds the sensitivity of the system compared to analogues. The standard period between measurements is 12 hours, which allows you to quickly identify episodes of corrosion activity and quickly compensate for them. All changed data is accumulated, processed and stored on the server, displayed on any number of working stations connected and automated in the network. Thanks to continuous monitoring, the user can carry out operational corrective actions. The sensitivity of the sensors to thinning of the walls of the equipment makes it possible to quickly respond to changes and make timely adjustments to the chemical and technological process aimed at protecting the process equipment from corrosion. With an increase in the inter-repair mileage, there are risks associated with equipment wear, i.e. the greater the inter-repair mileage, the greater the risk of unscheduled downtime increases. This corrosion monitoring system will reduce both direct operating costs for maintenance and repair, and indirect – this is an additional product output that can be implemented. The end result is the formation of an optimal maintenance and repair program with an emphasis on maintaining critical system assets in working condition during the inter-repair period.
EPİSTEMOLOJİK İNANCIN ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNME EĞİLİMİ VE AKADEMİK ÖZYETERLİK İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KANDEMİR Sıddıka Nur , EĞMİR Eray
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin epistemolojik inançları ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve akademik özyeterlikleri arasındaki yapısal ilişkileri incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel araştırma modeli ile yürütülmüş ve verilerin analizinde yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler Afyonkarahisar ilinde öğrenim gören 678 adet ortaokul öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Epistemolojik İnanç Ölçeği, Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği ve Akademik Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları epistemolojik inançların akademik öz-yeterlikleri anlamlı şekilde yordadığını, eleştirel düşünme eğiliminin bu ilişkide tam aracılık etkisine sahip olduğunu ve etkinin anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
ESKİÇAĞ DÜNYASINDA TANRI-KRAL İMAJI ÖRNEKLEMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: TAŞDÖNER Kevser
Published: December 2021

En eski çağlardan itibaren insanoğlu yaratılışlarını sorgulamaya başladı. Nasıl? sorusuna, inandıkları tanrılarla cevaplar aradılar ve böylece pek çok mitoslar oluşturdular. Soyun babadan aktarıldığını keşfettikleri zamana kadar, kadının doğurganlık özelliğinden dolayı anaerkil anlayışa sahiplerdi. Ancak fiziksel gücün ön plana çıktığı bu çağlarda erkek, gücünün ve soyunun devamını arzuluyordu. Oluşan ilk medeniyetin insanları, krallarına ve ailelerine tanrıların yeryüzündeki temsilcileri olarak inandıkları için kendi ataerkil yapılarını, kurguladıkları tanrıların yaşamlarında biçimlendirdiler. Kadını sosyal hayatta geri planda bıraktıkları gibi, yarattıkları tanrıçaların özelliklerini biçimlerlerken, insani kadınsal özelliklerle beraber insanüstü güçler verdiler. İlginç olan ise, savaşları yapan, istilalarda yer alan, yıkımlar meydana getiren egemen cins erkeklerin, felaketlerin, savaşların, kavgaların sebebi olarak tanrıçaları göstermiş olmalarıdır. Fakat erkeğin toplumdaki yeri daha da artarak devam etti. Yönetimde, ekonomide, dinsel idarede egemenliklerini koruyan erkek liderler iktidarlarını hemen hemen sınırsızca güçlendirecek başka bir formül buldular. Hem liderliği hem de ilahi bir gücü elinde tutan “tanrı-kral” sıfatını. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, Eskiçağ dünyasını “tanrı-kral” kavramını örnekler çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir.
GELENEKSEL/ALTERNATİF TIP UYGULAMALARINA YENİ YAKLAŞIM OLARAK BESLENME VE YEMEK KÜLTÜRÜ ŞALPAZARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DİKİCİ Erkan , SAĞLAM Ayşenur
Published: December 2021

20. yüzyılda hastalıkların tedavisi ve iyileştirilmesi konusunda modern tıp uygulamalarına oldukça fazla önem verilmiştir. Her ne kadar sağlık alanında bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında birçok yenilik gerçekleşse de, geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamalarından vezgeçil(e)memiştir. Herhangi bir bilimsel temeli olmayan, kanıta dayanmayan ve gündelik yaşam pratiklerinin bir yansıması olan geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamaları, daha çok kırsal kesimlerde yaşatıldığı düşünülmüş ve bu uygulamalar ile hastalıkların iyileştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. “Ev tedavisi” olarak da tanımlanan geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamalarının birçok farklı türü olduğu bilinmektedir. Bitkisel karışımlarla tedavi, müzik terapisi, sürüngenlerle tedavi, hipnoz, akupunktur gibi en çok bilinen bazı örnekler, geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamaları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu, geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamalarına yeni bir bakış açısı getirecek olan beslenme ve yemek kültürüdür. Sağlıklı yaşam ve beslenme açısından bakıldığında, beslenme ve yemek kültürünün sahip olduğu önem ve değer ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamdan hareketle çalışma, “beslenme ve yemek yeme eyleminin biyolojik bir eylem olmanın ötesinde, sosyolojik bir eylem olması” ve “geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamalarından birisinin beslenme ve yemek kültürü olduğu” varsayımları üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu varsayımı desteklemek amacıyla nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından yüz yüze görüşme yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Böylelikle çalışmada, 2020 yılı Ağustos ayında (Trabzon) Şalpazarı’nda yaşayan Çepnilerle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerden elde edilen verilen ışığında, beslenme ve yemek kültürünün geleneksel/alternatif tıp uygulamalarından birisi olduğu yönündeki varsayımı, mutfak ve yemek kültüründen verilecek örneklerle ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Labor Productivity of Economic Sectors in the Regions: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Khalimova Sophia ,   Novosibirsk State University, Ivanova Anastasiya ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2021

The attention of this article is focused on the impact that expanding of the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) has on the economic development of Russian regions. As shown by various authors, the use of ICT ultimately leads to an increase in the factor productivity. Here, we assess to what extent the use of ICT contributes to the growth of economic development efficiency at the regional level, which is interpreted here as labor productivity in certain economic sectors, and measured as output per worker. Panel data analysis for Russian regions covers 2015–2018. The analysis shows that the spread of ICT has a positive effect on labor productivity in both mining and manufacturing, with dividing regions into two groups – ‘resource’ and ‘non-resource’ depending on role of the extractive industry in regional economy – when considering labor productivity in mining. It was found that there is a relationship between ICT development indicators and labor productivity, with significant factors being industry and regionally specific. The widespread adoption of ICT has a positive effect on the economic development effectiveness, with a stronger link in the manufacturing, while for the mining the discovered relation was not so clear. Among the factors affecting labor productivity in the mining in ‘resource’ regions are access to the Internet, the use of ‘cloud’ services, as well as involvement in research and development; for ‘non-resource’ regions significant factors are the use of local computer networks, regional ICT subsidies, and the purchase of computing equipment. For the manufacturing, the key factors are access to the Internet, the share of high-tech businesses in the regional economy, the purchase of computing equipment, and the use of the services of third-party organizations and ICT specialists
Psychometric Testing of the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument – Revised (English Version Including a Practice Dimension)
Authors: Yokotani Tomoya , Tanioka Tetsuya , Betriana Feni , Yasuhara Yuko , Ito Hirokazu , Soriano Gil P. , Dino Michael Joseph , Locsin Rozzano C
Published: December 2021

Background: The middle range theory Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN) guides nursing practices. The TCCN Instrument (TCCNI) measures perception dimension of the theory and has been revised and translated into the Japanese language (TCCNI-R). Testing the translated version of the TCCNI-R to English language with the inclusion of a practice dimension is warranted.Purpose: This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the TCCNI-Revised English version with Practice dimension (TCCNI-RePract).Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 202 valid questionnaire copies from professional nurses in selected hospitals and nurse educators in universities.   Results: The suitability for factor analysis was determined using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (0.93), Bartlett's sphericity test of 3256.93, p<0.001, the anti-image correlations ranged between 0.87 and 0.96, and an average value of communalities of 0.66. In the four rotations conducted with the maximum likelihood method with a Harris-Kaiser Orthoblique rotation, four items were excluded with factor loadings less than 0.40. These results determined the final scale with 21 items and four subscales, namely: (1) Knowing the person (8 items); (2) Technological competency as Caring (6 items); (3) Technology and caring (4 items); and (4) Expression of nursing as Caring (3 items). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.94. With two dimensions of the TCCNI-RePract, the perception dimension had significantly higher scores than the practice dimension. When comparing mean factor point among the dimensions, the perception scores were significantly higher for Factor 1 and Factor 3.Conclusion:The TCCNI-RePract is an acceptable tool that can reliably measure nurses’ perception and practice of TCCN. It is affirmed that with this tool, measuring perception and practice status of TCCN theory is possible. It is considered that the evaluation results can be used to plan in-hospital education.
ASSESSMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS’ COMPETENCE IN FACILITATING SCIENTIFIC PLAY- LEARN ACTIVITIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CENTRES IN DELTA STATE
Authors: Balota Ifelayo , Olajide Simeon
Published: December 2021

Abstract

 

The study identified the scientific play-learn activities practiced in early childhood education centres in Delta state and investigated the academic qualifications of the early childhood educators. It also assessed the scientific play-learn skills of the early childhood educators and examined the relationship between early childhood educators’ qualifications and scientific play-learn activities facilitation skills in the study area. These were with a view to providing succinct information about early childhood educators’ competence in facilitating scientific play-learn activities in early childhood centres in the State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all early childhood educators in the State. The sample for the study consisted of 360 early childhood educators drawn from the three senatorial districts in the state using multistage sampling procedure. One self-designed instrument titled ‘‘Early Childhood Educators’ Competence in Science Play-learn Activities Questionnaire’’ (ECECSPAQ) was used for data collection. The data collected were analysed using frequency count, percentage, and regression analysis. The results of the study showed that 29.5% of early childhood educators in all the centres practised gravity, 22.3% practised motion, 16.4% practised electricity, 46.4% practised sound, and 24.2% practised air and wind. The results further showed that 16.1 % of the early childhood educators had senior school certificate, 11.4% had ND certificate, 20.6% had TC11 and NCE, 14.4% had HND, 4.7% had certificate in Nursery and Primary education while 10.5% also had certificate in science areas. The results also showed that early childhood educators possessed very low level of scientific play-learn skills (21.90%). The results finally showed a significant relationship of early childhood educators’ qualifications on scientific play-learn activities facilitation skills (F = 2.547, p < 0.05). The study concluded that early childhood educators possessed low competence in embarking on rich scientific play-learn activities necessary to promote science learning in children.
Poetka w świetle językoznawstwa
Authors: Skibski Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest swoistą recenzją, w której rozpatruje się specyfikę spojrzenia na językoznawstwo współczesne w odniesieniu do poezji. Elżbieta Tabakowska – wybitna lingwistka – rozważa w książce kilka ważnych problemów związanych z gramatyką poetycką. Przykładami analizowanymi (i dołączanymi do samodzielnych analiz) są wiersze autorki, co pozwala na rozważanie w niniejszym szkicu różnicy między książką poetycką opatrzoną komentarzem językoznawczym, a monografią językoznawczą (o walorach popularyzatorskich) inkrustowaną doskonale zharmonizowanymi wierszami. Okazuje się jednak, że to rozróżnienie jest zbyt proste, co dowodzi wyjątkowości omawianej książki.
Wybrane rodzinne uwarunkowania tożsamości społeczno-kulturowej studentów w wymiarze religijnym
Authors: Sobecki Mirosław
Published: December 2021

The article contains selected results of research from spring 2020 among students of universities in Białystok. The author distinguished 9 types of socio-cultural identity in the religious dimension. He also made an attempt to establish a relationship between these types and selected features of the family environment. The following were used as independent variables: the level of parents’ education, opinions of the surveyed students on the level of parents’ religiosity and the relationship between the respondents and their parents in childhood and adolescence. The relationship between the number of children in the respondent’s family and the type of social and cultural identity in the religious dimension were also analyzed.
Kultura ma znaczenie – implikacje dla strategii budowania rzeczywistości wychowawczej i kultury pedagogicznej
Authors: Tomkowiak Hubert
Published: December 2021

The considerations presented are an attempt to search for analogies between the influence of culture on the wellbeing of nations and the influence of pedagogical culture on the well-being of growing up generations. Raising the level of pedagogical culture, especially of parents, should be an important task of the Polish school. A somewhat forgotten tool for its realization is the pedagogization of parents, the rank of which should be systemically raised to a level ensuring its universal application. Therefore there is a need for a new, educational paradigm of school.
Młodzież i dekomunizacja w ukraińskim Donbasie. Studium etnograficzne
Authors: Siegień Wojciech
Published: December 2021

The text, which is part of the new field of social sciences – Donbas Studies, presents partial results of the research carried out in the city of Severodonetsk, which is located in the Lugansk Oblast in Donbas. The author, using the ethnographic method of field research, was looking for an answer to the question of how the process of decommunization in Donbas proceeded, and in particular, how the sense of removing the symbols of communism was negotiated, what aspects of this process turned out to be socially conflicting, and what role young people played in this process? Using the interpretation of metaphors and etymologies, the author states that de-communization in Ukraine, apart from the official imperative of oblivion, brings an element of revenge with it. Thanks to participation in the discussion on the de-communization of young people, it is possible to notice that its field of meaning has been extended to include aspects relating not only to the assessment of the past, but also the current social situation in Ukraine. Thanks to this, de-communization does not only mean an order to forget, but also to remember.
Development, motivation, change – educators’ opinions about groups for teachers on Facebook
Authors: Michniuk Anna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to describe support that can be observed in online Facebook teachers’ groups created and administered by teachers or institutions connected with education. The author presented selected Facebook groups, indicated their aims and activities undertaken in their space. On the basis of the conducted research (n = 548), the article will also discuss teachers’ motivations for joining the groups and their reflections connected with belonging to them.
O edukacji włączającej – z uwzględnieniem problemu bezpieczeństwa uczniów w kontekście formalnoprawnym
Authors: Jadach Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The key issue of this article is inclusive education in connection with the formal and legal aspects of students’ safety when they are staying in educational institutions. In the first part, author describes the basic assumptions of the social model of education and it’s international conditions, also referring to solutions that have been recently implemented in the Polish education system. The second part indicates the problems that may be met by educational institutions and teachers trying to achieve a state of full inclusion. They relate to the school’s caring function in terms of security guarantees. The diversity of student population, especially wide range of educational needs may make it impossible for teachers to develop specific approach to individual pupil. It’s caused by formal items, largely determined by the financial situation of particular local government units.
EMERGENCY ONLINE TEACHING DURING THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC – A REVIEW OF SELECTED CASES FROM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH TO DATE
Authors: Kamiński Krystian
Published: December 2021

At the beginning of 2020, educational systems around the world faced one of the greatest and most important challenges of the 21st century. Due to the global pandemic and the need to introduce social distancing rules, it was decided to close schools and switch to modes of learning that do not require physical contact between learners and teachers. This decision was associated with numerous problems and difficulties in various areas of school life and the necessity to introduce new rules. More than a year after the introduction of the new learning reality, teachers and students around the world have managed to adapt. International researchers are trying to describe this new order by asking questions about what the school looks like in the time of the pandemic, how students are doing, and what strategies teachers have adopted. The article focuses on research on education and foreign language teaching conducted in 2020 in China, South Korea, Germany, and Poland. The findings to date are combined with a brief description of the educational situation in these countries. Finally, the first conclusions and recommendations are formulated that can be drawn on the basis of data collected by international researchers.
Soviet Legacy and Imagined Past Converge in Levant Battlefields
Authors: Guliyev Etibar
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes main drivers of the revitalization of the Soviet ideological narratives in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. A key impetus for the study has been ever increasing number of the terrorist attacks claiming dozens of lives in Russia committed by Central Asian originated fighters as well as arrest of dozens of members of the various religious organizations banned in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The hypothesis rests on the assumption that ideological cacophony stemming from deep controversies embodied in the refashioned Soviet ideological narratives to me major cause of the problem. While employing the path dependence approach, I mainly point to interaction between the surge in the religious extremism and ideological disorientation caused by ideological disorientation in the region continuing since the breakdown of the Soviet Union in 1991 to address main research question “what are external implications of post-Soviet ideological narratives in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan?.” The paper finds out that the post-independent identity policies are not designed to build a new idea but to moot or keep at arms-length identities marginalized during the Soviet period. The Soviet legacy constitutes the core of the neo-ethnic identities introduced by former communist leaders just slightly refashioned with highly selective and politically motivated supplements. Sharp contradictions embodied in these narratives designed to ensure policy goals is among drivers of the ideological disorientation which in its turn acts as a breeding ground for the recruitment of Uzbek and Tajik youth to the global terrorist networks.
Passion for Putin’s Palace: Political Protests in Modern Russia
Authors: Skiperskikh Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

In this article, the author analyzes the protest activity in Russia in January–February 2021. Protest activity came to Russia after A. Navalny’s investigation of V. Putin’s palace in Gelendzhik. Like the Belarusian protests in August 2021, the Russian protests were suppressed by the police.

A feature of the Russian protests was their mass character. A large number of cities in almost all Russian regions were involved in the protest. Based on the data of secondary analysis, the author tries to give his own research of the Russian protest activity in January–February 2021. Protest activity in a number of Russian regions did not look accidental. One could observe protest activity in them before, but with a different agenda. The factor of unpopular government is of great importance in regional protests. The authorities no longer have the proper stock of legitimacy. This fully applies to the governors appointed by V. Putin, and, often, not directly related to the regions that have their own specificity.

Case studies of protests in Russian regions show new trends. The protests are increasingly carnival-like. Power is ridiculed and discussed with irony. Familiar dialogue with the authorities is confirmed in various forms and languages of protest.

From the author’s point of view, protest activity in Russia will increase by the fall of 2021. In September 2021, elections to the Russian Parliament are to be held. The author assumes that disappointment with the authorities in Russia will grow. The social base of new protests can be broader.
Edward Azar’s Protracted Social Conflict Theory and Drivers of Self-Determination: the Case of Nigeria
Authors: Bakare Najimdeen
Published: December 2021

Soon after attaining independence on October 1, 1960, the newly created nation-state – Nigeria had to wrestle with post-independent political realities. These combined with the legacies of colonial rule, and the prevalence of ethno-religious politics, led the country into civil war in 1967. Since 1960, Nigeria has experimented with different forms of government and achieved some degree of economic growth but is still plagued by the agitation of self-determination in the form of secessionist campaigns, be it the Biafra or the Oduduwa and Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND). To place the discussion in perspective, the paper reviews the existing literature on the subject and also discusses Edward Azar’s protracted social conflict (PSC) theory as the theoretical base. Upon laying the theoretical foundation, the paper situates and evaluates the agitation for self-determination in Nigeria in the light of PSC. Lastly, the paper concludes that instead of seeking self-determination or territorial disintegration, the polity of Nigeria should historically revert to the practice of congenial and connected regionalism.
Sexual size dimorphism and geographic variation in forearm length of Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and Southeastern Myotis (Myotis austroriparius)
Authors: Vannatta Jessica M. , Carver Brian D.
Published: December 2021

Sexual size dimorphism is common in many taxa and results from various pressures, including competition, reproductive requirements, functional differences, and sexual recognition. For mammals, males are typically the larger sex; however, for vespertilionid bats, females are more often the larger sex. Forearm length, a feature that influences overall wing and body size and is often sexually dimorphic, is a standard morphological measurement taken from bats. Forearm length was measured in two vesper bat species (Corynorhinus rafinesquii and Myotis austroriparius) that co-occur across much of the southeastern United States. Forearm length was greater in females of both species, and females of both species also exhibited regional variation in forearm length. By having a longer forearm and therefore being larger in size, females may be more maneuverable and better equipped to carry young. While this study did not directly investigate the mechanisms behind regional variation in forearm length, it is possible this is the result of variability in habitat types, resources, or thermodynamic constraints. Knowledge of sexually dimorphic characteristics is important for obtaining a general understanding of a species and its morphology.
Vocalizations of the Sepia short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis adusta (Thomas, 1897, Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)
Authors: Nivelo-Villavicencio Carlos , Vieira Jose
Published: December 2021

As part of their behavior, various groups of species, including marsupials and other mammals, have evolved vocalizations, with varying degrees of complexity, for different communication purposes. Despite the growing interest in the bioacoustics of species, there are groups in which the study in this field is still unknown. A clear example is the genus Monodelphis, the most diverse group of didelphid marsupials. In this work we present the first description of the vocalizations of Monodelphis adusta, the only species of the genus registered in Ecuador, which shows the ability to produce audible phrases with different numbers of syllables.
The Early Medieval graves of Groß Ottenhagen (Berezovka). On the way from Sambia to the middle reaches of the Niemen
Authors: Shiroukhov Roman , Skvortsov Konstantin , Ibsen Timo
Published: December 2021

The field research at Groß ottenhagen (Berezovka) conducted in 2003 and 2004 was the first
international scientific collaboration between German and russian archaeologists in kaliningrad
region since 1945. The Groß ottenhagen cemetery demonstrates almost continuous functioning
for about 1,000 years, from the roman iron Age up to the middle Ages. The part of the site considered
in the article belongs to the last stage of the development of sambian-natangian culture
among the old Prussians in the 11th to the 13th centuries Ad. despite a first analysis by the
excavators in 2005, this data from the cemetery has never been fully published. Groß ottenhagen
graves from the discussed period are represented by so-called double layer burial features, with
human cremations on top of horse burials. The burial rites and grave goods at the cemetery are
discussed in the context of archaeological material from the sambian peninsula and southwest
and central lithuania. The relative chronology of Groß ottenhagen is based on an analysis of
grave goods, as well as the stratigraphy and the spatial distribution of the graves. According to
the absence of imported/status goods at Groß ottenhagen, the cemetery probably belonged to a
peripheral group of the late sambian-natangian region culture of the Prussians.
Local Connections of Pyramidal Neurons to Parvalbumin-Producing Interneurons in Motor-Associated Cortical Areas of Mice
Authors: Kuramoto Eriko , Tanaka Yasuhiro R. , Hioki Hiroyuki , Goto Tetsuya , Kaneko Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Parvalbumin (PV)-producing neurons are the largest subpopulation of cortical GABAergic interneurons, which mediate lateral, feedforward, and feedback inhibition in local circuits and modulate the activity of pyramidal neurons. Clarifying the specific connectivity between pyramidal and PV neurons is essential for understanding the role of PV neurons in local circuits. In the present study, we visualized somas and dendrites of PV neurons using transgenic mice in which PV neurons specifically express membrane-targeted GFP, and intracellularly labeled local axons of 26 pyramidal neurons in layers 2–6 in acute slices of the motor-associated cortex from transgenic mice. We mapped morphologically distribution of inputs from a pyramidal neuron to PV neurons based on contact sites (appositions) between the axons from an intracellularly filled pyramidal neuron and the dendrites of PV neurons. Layer 6 corticothalamic (CT)-like pyramidal neurons formed appositions to PV neurons at a significantly higher rate than other pyramidal neurons. The percentage of apposed varicosities to all the labeled varicosities of layer 6 CT-like neurons was 28%, and that of the other pyramidal neurons was 12–19%. Layer 6 CT-like neurons preferentially formed appositions with PV neurons in layers 5b–6, while other pyramidal neurons uniformly formed appositions with PV neurons in all layers. Furthermore, both layer 6 CT-like and corticocortical-like neurons more frequently formed compound appositions, where two or more appositions were located on a dendritic branch, than other pyramidal neurons. Layer 6 CT neurons may contribute to intracortical information processing through preferential connections with PV neurons in layers 5b–6.
Biased Orientation and Color Tuning of the Human Visual Gamma Rhythm
Authors: Li Ye , Bosking William , Beauchamp Michael S. , Sheth Sameer A. , Yoshor Daniel , Bartoli Eleonora , Foster Brett L.
Published: December 2021

Narrowband γ oscillations (NBG: ∼20-60 Hz) in visual cortex reflect rhythmic fluctuations in population activity generated by underlying circuits tuned for stimulus location, orientation, and color. A variety of theories posit a specific role for NBG in encoding and communicating this information within visual cortex. However, recent findings suggest a more nuanced role for NBG, given its dependence on certain stimulus feature configurations, such as coherent-oriented edges and specific hues. Motivated by these factors, we sought to quantify the independent and joint tuning properties of NBG to oriented and color stimuli using intracranial recordings from the human visual cortex (male and female). NBG was shown to display a cardinal orientation bias (horizontal) and also an end- and mid-spectral color bias (red/blue and green). When jointly probed, the cardinal bias for orientation was attenuated and an end-spectral preference for red and blue predominated. This loss of mid-spectral tuning occurred even for recording sites showing large responses to uniform green stimuli. Our results demonstrate the close, yet complex, link between the population dynamics driving NBG oscillations and known feature selectivity biases for orientation and color within visual cortex. Such a bias in stimulus tuning imposes new constraints on the functional significance of the visual γ rhythm. More generally, these biases in population electrophysiology will need to be considered in experiments using orientation or color features to examine the role of visual cortex in other domains, such as working memory and decision-making.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOscillations in electrophysiological activity occur in visual cortex in response to stimuli that strongly drive the orientation or color selectivity of visual neurons. The significance of this induced “γ rhythm” to brain function remains unclear. Answering this question requires understanding how and why some stimuli can reliably generate oscillatory γ activity while others do not. We examined how different orientations and colors independently and jointly modulate γ oscillations in the human brain. Our data show that γ oscillations are greatest for certain orientations and colors that reflect known response biases in visual cortex. Such findings complicate the functional significance of γ oscillations but open new avenues for linking circuits to population dynamics in visual cortex.
Perception of Financial Statement Preparation and Efforts to Increase Accountability Awareness
Authors: Suprapti Suprapti , Farliana Nina , Utami Evita Septiana Tyas
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the researcher's perception of research financial responsibility system, what factors make researchers feel difficulties and objections in conducting financial reports, and how to develop strategies to improve literacy of researchers' understanding to prepare financial reports. This type of research was descriptive qualitative. The research location is at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The total informants were 33 researchers who were taken by the technique of purposive sampling. Methods of data collection used interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of study indicated that the preparation of accountability reports was very important in research, because it helped in monitoring the use of research funds, controlling expenditures, and making the use of research funds more effective and efficient. The obstacles that researchers face in preparing financial statements were the limited time of researchers, some expenses that could not be reported in the accountability system, as well as various regulatory changes. Efforts to overcome existing obstacles by reporting and consulting with related parties, namely the finance department, involved a team that was competent in finance and asked for help from related administrative staff and improved the financial literacy of researchers.
Development of Accounting Pocket Book as Accounting Learning Media
Authors: Ningsih Murti Wida , Lestari Neta Dian , Pramika Depi
Published: December 2021

This study used the Rowntree model with several stages such as: planning stage, development stage, and evaluation stage. This research is included in the Research & Development (R&D) research where the method used to produce a particular product and assess the product is by collecting data using an initial test (Pre-test) and a final test (Post-test). Collecting data in this study used observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive data analysis by assessing the product both from the media and the use of the product and assessing the scale used to find out the results of the product using Likert. With the stages of product testing by material experts, and media experts, so that the results of the study showed that accounting pocket books showed the validity of pocket books from material experts with an average result of 94% being in very valid criteria, media experts with an average result of 95% being in very valid criteria.The results of student comments and suggestions stage one by one, that the accounting pocket book was interesting and practical, while the small group stage with an average result of 89% was in very practical criteria and field test results were on average 85% in very practical criteria.
The Role of Accounting Information Systems in Supporting Sustainable Business (Study In Wonosobo Cut Flower MSMEs
Authors: Lestari Fitri Ayu , Wulandari Hetik , Noviyanto Puji , Widyawati Ira Nurviana , Susilowati Nurdian
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the business strategy of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the role of accounting information systems in supporting sustainable business, and the constraints on the use of accounting information systems. This type of research was a case study on Cut Flower SMEs in Wonosobo Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with five informants of SMEs, cut flowers of chrysanthemum and kalili. Data collection techniques used documentation studies and in-depth interviews. The collected data was then analyzed by using data analysis developed by Miles and Huberman. MSME actors set a product differentiation business strategy to increase sales turnover. Here, Accounting information systems had a role for business decision making so that investors could include their capital and customer trust. The obstacle to the implementation of the accounting information system was that there was no clear division of tasks between employees and owners so that all business activities were carried out together. This research contributed to the development of sustainable business theory in order to obtain a model of the existence of SMEs during the pandemic that could be used as material for business decision making.