bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Perspectives of Midlevel Providers in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Authors: Manning Blaine T. , Bohl Daniel D. , Hannon Charles P. , Redondo Michael L. , Christian David R. , Forsythe Brian , Nho Shane J. , Bach Bernard R.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Midlevel providers (eg, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) have been integrated into orthopaedic systems of care in response to the increasing demand for musculoskeletal care. Few studies have examined patient perspectives toward midlevel providers in orthopaedic sports medicine.

Purpose:

To identify perspectives of orthopaedic sports medicine patients regarding midlevel providers, including optimal scope of practice, reimbursement equity with physicians, and importance of the physician’s midlevel provider to patients when initially selecting a physician.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 690 consecutive new patients of 3 orthopaedic sports medicine physicians were prospectively administered an anonymous questionnaire prior to their first visit. Content included patient perspectives regarding midlevel provider importance in physician selection, optimal scope of practice, and reimbursement equity with physicians.

Results:

Of the 690 consecutive patients who were administered the survey, 605 (87.7%) responded. Of these, 51.9% were men and 48.1% were women, with a mean age of 40.5 ± 15.7 years. More than half (51.2%) perceived no differences in training levels between physician assistants and nurse practitioners. A majority of patients (62.9%) reported that the physician’s midlevel provider is an important consideration when choosing a new orthopaedic sports medicine physician. Patients had specific preferences regarding which services should be physician provided. Patients also reported specific preferences regarding those services that could be midlevel provided. There lacked a consensus on reimbursement equity for midlevel practitioners and physicians, despite 71.7% of patients responding that the physician provides a higher-quality consultation.

Conclusion:

As health care becomes value driven and consumer-centric, understanding patient perspectives on midlevel providers will allow orthopaedic sports medicine physicians to optimize efficiency and patient satisfaction. Physicians may consider these data in clinical workforce planning, as patients preferred specific services to be physician or midlevel provided. It may be worthwhile to consider midlevel providers in marketing efforts, given that patients considered the credentials of the physician’s midlevel provider when initially selecting a new physician. Patients lacked consensus regarding reimbursement equity between physicians and midlevel providers, despite responding that the physician provides a higher-quality consultation. Our findings are important for understanding the midlevel workforce as it continues to grow in response to the increasing demand for orthopaedic sports care.
Interstitial lung disease is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in systemic sclerosis: Longitudinal data from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Authors: Sakr Lama , Hudson Marie , Wang Mianbo , Younanian Elie , Baron Murray , Bernatsky Sasha ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: April 2018

Objective:

The literature supports an increased risk of malignancy in systemic sclerosis, including lung cancer. Our objective was to identify potential independent predictors of lung cancer risk in systemic sclerosis.

Methods:

We used a cohort of 1560 systemic sclerosis patients from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, enrolled from 2004 and followed for a maximum of 11 years. Time to lung cancer was calculated from the onset of the first non-Raynaud’s symptoms. Baseline demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics of patients with and without lung cancer were compared. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of demographic variables, exposure to smoking, disease duration, disease subset (diffuse vs limited), immunosuppressant drug exposure, and presence of interstitial lung disease on the risk of lung cancer.

Results:

Over the 5519 total person-years of follow-up, 18 SSc patients were diagnosed with lung cancer after cohort entry (3.2 cancers per 1000 person-years). In univariate comparisons, cancer cases were more likely to be male, to have a smoking history, and to have interstitial lung disease than non-cases. In multivariate analysis, interstitial lung disease was independently associated with the risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio: 2.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–7.87).

Conclusion:

In addition to known demographic (male sex) and lifestyle risk factors (smoking), interstitial lung disease is an independent risk factor for lung cancer in systemic sclerosis. These results have implications for lung cancer screening in systemic sclerosis.
Surgical Repair of a Persistent Full-Thickness Macular Fold With Base-to-Base Photoreceptor Apposition Secondary to Hypotony From Trabeculectomy Surgery and Postoperative Laser Suturelysis
Authors: Iaboni Douglas S. M. , Seamone Mark E. , Gupta R. Rishi
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To report the successful repair of a persistent full-thickness retinal fold secondary to hypotony from trabeculectomy surgery.

Results:

Laser suturelysis was performed on a patient to relieve an elevated intraocular pressure posttrabeculectomy surgery. This resulted in chronic hypotony, a full-thickness retinal fold, and a decline in visual acuity to “count fingers.” The patient underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling, subretinal injection of balanced saline solution, fluid-air exchange, injection of F-Decalin, peripheral retinotomy, endolaser photocoagulation, and vitreous substitution with 15% C3F8 gas. Anatomic improvement was documented via multimodal imaging. Six months postoperatively best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) returned to 20/30.

Conclusions:

We describe a surgical approach to full-thickness retinal folds and review the management options previously reported in the setting of hypotony. We provide support for the active management of appositional full-thickness retinal folds involving the fovea and demonstrate that surgical correction can significantly improve BCVA even after 4 months of hypotony.
Novel tumour antigens and the development of optimal vaccine design
Authors: Brentville Victoria A , Atabani Suha , Cook Katherine , Durrant Lindy G
Published: April 2018

The interplay between tumours and the immune system has long been known to involve complex interactions between tumour cells, immune cells and the tumour microenvironment. The progress of checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic in the last decade has highlighted again the role of the immune system in the fight against cancer. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop ways of stimulating the cellular immune response to eradicate tumours. These interventions include the identification of appropriate tumour antigens as targets for therapy. In this review, we summarize progress in selection of target tumour antigen. Targeting self antigens has the problem of thymic deletion of high-affinity T-cell responses leaving a diminished repertoire of low-affinity T cells that fail to kill tumour cells. Thymic regulation appears to be less stringent for differentiation of cancer–testis antigens, as many tumour rejection antigens fall into this category. More recently, targeting neo-epitopes or post-translational modifications such as a phosphorylation or stress-induced citrullination has shown great promise in preclinical studies. Of particular interest is that the responses can be mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Previous vaccines have targeted CD8 T-cell responses but more recently, the central role of CD4 T cells in orchestrating inflammation within tumours and also differentiating into potent killer cells has been recognized. The design of vaccines to induce such immune responses is discussed herein. Liposomally encoded ribonucleic acid (RNA), targeted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or long peptides linked to toll-like receptor (TLR) adjuvants are the most promising new vaccine approaches. These exciting new approaches suggest that the ‘Holy Grail’ of a simple nontoxic cancer vaccine may be on the horizon. A major hurdle in tumour therapy is also to overcome the suppressive tumour environment. We address current progress in combination therapies and suggest that these are likely to show the most promise for the future.
Progesterone as a Postnatal Prophylactic Agent for Encephalopathy Caused by Prenatal Hypoxic Ischemic Insult
Authors: Kawarai Yoshimasa , Tanaka Hirokazu , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Shozu Makio
Published: April 2018

Brain damage caused by hypoxic ischemic insult during the perinatal period causes hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies (HIEs). Therapeutic hypothermia is indicated for HIE, but because the therapeutic burden is large for its limited therapeutic effectiveness, another strategy is needed. Progesterone (P4) plays a neuroprotective role through the actions of its metabolite, allopregnanolone (Allo), on P4 receptor, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors or both. We examined the therapeutic potential of P4 using a newborn rat model of HIE. Fetal rats were exposed to transient ischemic hypoxia by 30-minute bilateral uterine artery clamping on gestational day 18. After spontaneous birth, newborn pups were subcutaneously injected with P4 (0.10 or 0.01 mg), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 0.12 mg), or Allo (0.10 mg) through postnatal days (PDs) 1 to 9. Brain damage in the rats was assessed using the rotarod test at PD50. The HIE insult reduced the rats’ ability in the rotarod task, which was completely reversed by P4 and Allo, but not by MPA. Histological examination revealed that the HIE insult decreased neuronal (the cortex and the hippocampal CA1 region) and oligodendroglial cell density (the corpus callosum) through PD0 to PD50. The axon fiber density and myelin sheath thickness in the corpus callosum were also reduced at PD50. The time-course study revealed that P4 restored oligodendroglial cells by PD5, which was followed by neuroprotective action of P4 that lasted long over the injection period. These results suggest that P4 protects the neonatal brain from HIE insult via restoration of oligodendroglial cells.
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Ddx39ab is essential for myocyte and lens development in zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Yang Yuxi , Li Beibei , Scott Ian C. , Lou Xin
Published: April 2018

RNA helicases from the DEAD-box family are found in almost all organisms and have important roles in RNA metabolism, including RNA synthesis, processing and degradation. The function and mechanism of action of most of these helicases in animal development and human disease remain largely unexplored. In a zebrafish mutagenesis screen to identify genes essential for heart development we identified a mutant that disrupts the gene encoding the RNA helicase DEAD-box 39ab (ddx39ab). Homozygous ddx39ab mutant embryos exhibit profound cardiac and trunk muscle dystrophy, along with lens abnormalities, caused by abrupt terminal differentiation of cardiomyocyte, myoblast and lens fiber cells. Loss of ddx39ab hindered splicing of mRNAs encoding epigenetic regulatory factors, including members of the KMT2 gene family, leading to misregulation of structural gene expression in cardiomyocyte, myoblast and lens fiber cells. Taken together, these results show that Ddx39ab plays an essential role in establishment of the proper epigenetic status during differentiation of multiple cell lineages.
A model suite of green algae within the Scenedesmaceae for investigating contrasting desiccation tolerance and morphology
Authors: Cardon Zoe G. , Peredo Elena L. , Dohnalkova Alice C. , Gershone Hannah L. , Bezanilla Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Microscopic green algae inhabiting desert microbiotic crusts are remarkably diverse phylogenetically, and many desert lineages have independently evolved from aquatic ancestors. Here we worked with five desert and aquatic species within the family Scenedesmaceae to examine mechanisms that underlie desiccation tolerance and release of unicellular versus multicellular progeny. Live cell staining and time-lapse confocal imaging coupled with transmission electron microscopy established that the desert and aquatic species all divide by multiple (rather than binary) fission, although progeny were unicellular in three species and multicellular (joined in a sheet-like coenobium) in two. During division, Golgi complexes were localized near nuclei, and all species exhibited dynamic rotation of the daughter cell mass within the mother cell wall at cytokinesis. Differential desiccation tolerance across the five species, assessed from photosynthetic efficiency during desiccation/rehydration cycles, was accompanied by differential accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected using a dye sensitive to intracellular ROS. Further comparative investigation will aim to understand the genetic, ultrastructural and physiological characteristics supporting unicellular versus multicellular coenobial morphology, and the ability of representatives in the Scenedesmaceae to colonize ecologically diverse, even extreme, habitats.
Kinematics of burrowing by peristalsis in granular sands
Authors: Dorgan Kelly M.
Published: April 2018

Peristaltic burrowing in muds applies normal forces to burrow walls, which extend by fracture, but the kinematics and mechanics of peristaltic burrowing in sands has not been explored. The opheliid polychaete, Thoracophelia mucronata, uses direct peristalsis to burrow in beach sands, using kinematics consistent with the “dual anchor system” of burrowing used by diverse organisms. In addition to expansions associated with a constrictive direct peristaltic wave, worms alternately expand the head region, which is separated by septa from the open body cavity, and expansible lateral ridges that protrude from the 10th setiger. Tracking of fluorescent-dyed chaetae showed that the body wall advances while segments are thin, then stationary segments expand, applying normal forces to burrow walls. These normal forces likely compact burrow walls and serve as anchors. Perhaps more importantly, peristaltic movements minimize friction with the burrow wall, which would expand dilatant sands. Considerable slipping of worms burrowing in a lower-density sand analog suggests that this dual-anchor peristaltic burrowing may be limited to a narrow range of mechanical properties of substrata, consistent with the limited habitat of T. mucronata in a narrow swash zone on dissipative beaches.
Telomere elongation during early development is independent of environmental temperatures in Atlantic salmon
Authors: McLennan D. , Armstrong J. D. , Stewart D. C. , Mckelvey S. , Boner W. , Monaghan P. , Metcalfe N. B.
Published: April 2018

There is increasing evidence from endothermic vertebrates that telomeres, which cap the ends of chromosomes and play an important role in chromosome protection, decline in length during postnatal life and are a useful indicator of physiological state and expected lifespan. However, much less is currently known about telomere dynamics in ectothermic vertebrates, which are likely to differ from that of endotherms, at least in part due to the sensitivity of ectotherm physiology to environmental temperature. We report here on an experiment in which Atlantic salmon were reared through the embryonic and larval stages of development, and under differing temperatures, in order to examine the effects of environmental temperature during early life on telomere dynamics, oxidative DNA damage and cellular proliferation. Telomere length significantly increased between the embryonic and larval stages of development. Contrary to our expectations, variation in telomere length at the end of the larval stage was unrelated to either cell proliferation rate or the relative level of oxidative DNA damage, and did not vary between the temperature treatments. This study suggests that salmon are able to restore the length of their telomeres during early development, which may possibly help to buffer potentially harmful environmental effects experienced in early life.
The Application of Blood Flow Restriction: Lessons From the Laboratory
Authors: Mattocks Kevin T. , Jessee Matthew B. , Mouser J. Grant , Dankel Scott J. , Buckner Samuel L. , Bell Zachary W. , Owens Johnny G. , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: April 2018

Blood flow restriction by itself or in combination with exercise has been shown to produce beneficial adaptations to skeletal muscle. These adaptations have been observed across a range of populations, and this technique has become an attractive possibility for use in rehabilitation. Although there are concerns that applying blood flow restriction during exercise makes exercise inherently more dangerous, these concerns appear largely unfounded. Nevertheless, we have advocated that practitioners could minimize many of the risks associated with blood flow-restricted exercise by accounting for methodological factors, such as cuff width, cuff type, and the individual to which blood flow restriction is being applied. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of these methodological factors and provide evidence-based recommendations for how to apply blood flow restriction. We also provide some discussion on how blood flow restriction may serve as an effective treatment in a clinical setting.
Menthol Use for Performance in Hot Environments
Authors: Flood Tessa Rose
Published: April 2018

Menthol is a compound of plant origin and has recently been used to aid exercise performance in hot, humid environments. Menthol creates a sensation of coolness when applied to the skin or mucosal surfaces stimulating the cold receptors. In these environments, fatigue is known to be accelerated and feelings of being hot are one of the main contributors to the early onset of fatigue. However, current research indicates that nonthermal perceptual cooling interventions could alter behavior in the heat by reducing thermal perception. This would allow the athlete to feel cooler when exercising at the same work rate in the heat. Menthol has been investigated as an internal and external intervention. Greater benefits have currently been found for internal interventions than external methods. Future research should focus on the mechanisms, dosage, and timing of both internal and external interventions, and the role menthol could play within speed or strength.
Designing a Content Component of Methodical Training of Future Teachers in the Conditions of Implementation of the New Standards
Authors: Тумашева Ольга , Tumasheva Ol'ga
Published: April 2018

In the conditions of implementation of new educational standards special relevance was acquired by researches of problems of preparation of the pedagogical shots which are capable to realization of new approaches to training of younger generation. Methodical training of future teachers is a backbone component of pedagogical education. Despite essential interest of scientists in a problem of improvement of methodical training of future teachers in pedagogical higher education institution and the considerable results received so far it is possible to note that in substantial aspect the allocated problem still is completely not solved that causes relevance of this article. Author’s approach to projection of content of methodical preparation in the conditions of implementation of new educational standards is presented in article. The main projection stages of a substantial component of methodical preparation are described. Urgent types of methodical activity are allocated. As the basic unit of content of methodical preparation is considered professional training tasks is considered. The requirements to system of professional training tasks are formulated. The examples of professional training tasks are given.
Application of Individual Approach to Training of Students with Anxiety Level
Authors: Дроздова Ирина , Drozdova Irina , Дайнеко Ирина , Dayneko Irina , Никуленков Василий , Nikulenkov Vasiliy , Бабина Ольга , Babina Ol'ga
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with the problem of medical students’ anxiety, which affects the learning process. The pedagogy task is the formation of a stable dominant, aiding in the development of educational material. One of the main tasks of the teacher is conditions creation for formation at students of several dominants in order to make the learning process creative and variable is necessary to exclude the presence of anxiety in the student, both personal and situational. The establishment of a trusting relationship between teacher and students contributes to the development of motivational needs for learning. To identify the level of anxiety among the students we used the technique proposed by C.D. Spielberger adapted by Yu.L. Hanin, allowing differentiated to measure anxiety and as personal property, and as a state. The measurement of anxiety as a personality is particularly important, because this property determines the behavior of the student, and, consequently, his motivation for training. For more successful mastering of educational discipline, it is necessary to hold the input control and to identify the level of anxiety of students to adjust the curriculum using an individual approach.
Effective Formation of Competitiveness of Students: Factors and Conditions
Authors: Романченко А. , Romanchenko A. , Романченко М. , Romanchenko M.
Published: April 2018

The article presents the model of formation of competitiveness of students, the essence and structure of the allocated levels are analyzed, criteria and indicators of components of competitiveness are marked. The success rate of formation of competitiveness of students are: the level of development of individual personal qualities; the level of formation of professional competencies. The authors note the influence of the level of competitiveness and effectiveness in the professional sphere. The necessity to improve the competitiveness of students is justified. The article describes the basics of formation of competitiveness in the period of study, the results of studies of the effectiveness of organizational-pedagogical conditions for the formation of the competitiveness of students in the process of studying disciplines of a professional cycle.
Functional Mathematical Literacy: What Is Meant by This and How to Form
Authors: Рослова Л. , Roslova L.
Published: April 2018

The article reveals the characteristic of the concept of “functional mathematical literacy” and its essential component - the student’s readiness to apply the acquired knowledge and methods of action in practical situations. Based on the results of international studies, the problem of forming skills and skills in the use of mathematical knowledge in practice, the representation of universal learning activities in them and the features of the methodology for their development are discussed. Questions of maintenance of continuity of the maintenance of functional mathematical literacy between initial and basic school are considered.
Transforming classroom questioning using emerging technology
Authors: Mahon Paul , Lyng Colette , Crotty Yvonne , Farren Margaret
Published: April 2018

Classroom questioning is a common teaching and learning strategy in postgraduate nurse education. Technologies such as audience response systems (ARS) may offer advantage over traditional approaches to classroom questioning. However, despite being available since the 1960s, ARSs are still considered novel in many postgraduate nurse education classroom settings. This article aims to explicate the attitudes of postgraduate nursing students in an Irish academic teaching hospital towards classroom questioning (CQ) and the use of ARSs as an alternative to traditional CQ techniques. The results of this small-scale study demonstrate that ARSs have a role to play in CQ in the postgraduate setting, being regarded by students as beneficial to learning, psychological safety and classroom interaction.
A crisis point for mental health care
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses failings in NHS care for highly vulnerable mental health patients
Warning: stress ahead…
Authors: MacLeavy Christine
Published: April 2018

Christine MacLeavy considers how best to handle the pressures of dentistry this National Stress Awareness Month
Hand hygiene matters
Authors: Clark Clare
Published: April 2018

Clare Clark talks about effective infection control protocols in a dental setting
Medicine management
Authors: Gray Sophie
Published: April 2018

How to ensure the safe use, storage and disposal of controlled drugs
Postponing surgery of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures to office hours increases consultant attendance in operations and saves operative room time
Authors: Tuomilehto N. , Sommarhem A. , Salminen P. , Nietosvaara A. Y.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To assess if postponing surgery of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) without compromised blood circulation to office hours can improve the quality of reduction and pin fixation and decrease complications.

Methods

In 2004, night-time (0am to 7am) surgery was allowed only for children with compromised blood circulation. Number of open reductions, surgeons experience, operation time, quality of reduction (Baumann angle, anterior humeral line crossing point with capitellum) and pin fixation as well as the number of complications were compared in 100 children before (A) and 100 after (B) the new protocol. Surgery was commenced during office hours (8am to 3pm) in 27% (A) versus 55% (B) and delay to surgery from admission exceeded six hours in 25% (A) versus 52% (B) of the children.

Results

Open reduction was performed in eight (A) versus 11 (B) children. In group A, 40% were operated on by a registrar alone compared with 14% in group B. Mean operation room time decreased by 11 minutes in group B. Radiographic alignment was satisfactory at fracture union in 68% (A) versus 68% (B) and radiologically stable pin fixation in 42% (A) versus 55% (B) of children (p = 0.08). The was no statistical difference in admission time, re-reductions, infections, permanent iatrogenic nerve injuries or corrective osteotomies between the patient groups.

Conclusions

No statistical difference in quality of reduction or pin fixation or in number of complications was observed. Postponing operative treatment of SCHF without vascular compromise increased consultant attendance in operations and decreased operative room time.

Level of Evidence

III - retrospective comparative study
Webtoons to promote critical thinking in neo-liberal South Korea: A thematic analysis of Awl social justice themes
Authors: Choi Jinhee
Published: April 2018

This article explores the use of South Korean webtoons, Songkot (meaning Awl), for informal adult learning through visual narratives and audience comments in the social, historic and academic context. Drawing on Newman’s critical thinking and Giroux’s critical public pedagogy, the study explicates how the Awl creates a discursive space for an unpublicized theme, unionization, through its narrative structures and audience discussion. The findings imply that Awl’s major themes – critical thinking, empathy and social action – create informal adult learning opportunities for the public by increasing their conscious awareness of institutionalized oppressions. Awl also has the potential to promote critical thinking about commonly unvoiced issues of social justice in neo-liberal South Korea.
Marketing anime to a global audience: A paratextual analysis of promotional materials from Spirited Away
Authors: Carter Laz
Published: April 2018

This article will focus specifically on the marketing materials utilized in the Japanese and American markets for Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi (Spirited Away) (Miyazaki, 2001). That is to say, it takes a more in-depth look at the paratextual deployment of film posters and theatrical trailers. Building on the work of Rayna Denison, Keith Johnston and Eriko Ogihara-Schuck, this study delves deeper into the specific paratextual elements present within Spirited Away’s promotional ephemera. Focusing on two primary factors – branding and linguistics – the following campaign analysis examines the meaning behind the addition and elision of certain signifiers. By comparing the different versions of both posters and trailers, this article highlights areas of cultural difference, postulating that the anglophonic paratexts have undergone a process of Disneyfication. Finally, the author extrapolates the key selling points that are accentuated for both the domestic and global markets of Studio Ghibli films and then muses on the resulting hierarchy of brand networks that appear to have formed.
The ‘Totoro Meme’ and the politics of transfandom pleasure
Authors: Morimoto Lori
Published: April 2018

This article is an exploration of the ‘Totoro meme’ as a site of affective, transfandom pleasure. In the Totoro meme, Japanese and non-Japanese fans alike appropriate the now-iconic image of Satsuki, Mei and an umbrella-toting Totoro at a bus stop from Hayao Miyazaki’s 1988 film, Tonari no Totoro (My Neighbor Totoro), to their own fannish ends, creating fan art that inserts favourite characters from other media into the scene in ways that often have a doubled semiotic resonance. I argue that this meme is characteristic not of the global appropriation of a broad ‘Japanese anime style’, per se, but a specific, affectively appealing ‘Ghibli style’, one that is fully part of non-Japanese fans’ own popular cultural repertoires. In its cross-border merging of globally circulating Studio Ghibli aesthetics with other fan-favourite media, I contend that the Totoro meme and its associated fanworks are in fact wholly congruent with, and representative of, what Matt Hills has termed ‘trans-fandom’ (2015), contemporary practices of ‘navigating across and combining and fusing fandoms’ (Hills 2015: 159). I conclude with a consideration of the implications of what might be termed ‘corporate transfandom’ in the context of transfannish citations of Kaze no tani no Naushika (Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind) (Miyazaki, 1984) in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (Abrams, 2015).
Análise do Modelo de Negócio das Ventures Builders
Authors: Azevedo Ellen Maria Lopes , Silva Ana Cláudia Olegário da , May Márcia Ramos
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o modelo de negócio das ventures builders que apoiam o desenvolvimento das startups. Uma a cada quatro startups brasileiras encerram suas atividades em um ano e o percebido é que empreendedores têm dificuldades no acesso a fontes de financiamentos e conhecimento para novos negócios. Há estudos que discutem mecanismos de apoio a startups, como operações de venture capital e atuação de aceleradoras. Porém, são escassas as pesquisas que discutem o modelo de negócio das venture builders. O estudo tem abordagem qualitativa, com caso único, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e documentos. A técnica de análise adotada foi a análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os principais resultados encontrados foram nos quatro elementos do modelo de negócio da organização. Na proposição de valor, a venture builder cria valor ao seu cliente compartilhando conhecimento e disponibilizando recursos financeiros. Na fórmula de lucro, ao mesmo tempo em que a venture builder entrega valor para o cliente, cria valor para si, pois adquire participação societária da startup.  Nos recursos-chave, as pessoas têm um papel essencial para o compartilhamento de conhecimento e o alcance das metas estipuladas. Por fim, o processo-chave envolve execução de serviços especializados e mentorias direcionadas. Assim, as principais características que diferenciam o modelo de negócio da venture builder analisada são o tempo de duração do processo, a execução dos serviços operacionais e o networking.
Computerised medical record systems that guide and protect – reflections on the Bawa-Garba case
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Liyanage Harshana , Scott Philip
Published: April 2018

Lawrence Weed proposed we develop computerised, problem-oriented medical records that guide and teach. The Bawa-Garba case outcomes might have been different if care had been supported by computerised medical record (CMR) systems. CMR systems can reduce prescribing errors and could be developed to flag gaps in supervision. However, CMR systems are not a panacea and need to be fit for purpose. Our informatics perspective on this case is to call for widespread use of CMR systems – designed to guide and protect.
Insulin receptor based lymphocyte trafficking in the progression of type 1 diabetes
Authors: P. Morran Michael , G. Al-Dieri Ali , L. Nestor‐Kalinoski Andrea , K. Jordan Richard , K. Gupta Nirdesh , F. McInerney Marcia
Published: April 2018

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor which recognizes and binds the hormone insulin. We describe two models that were devised to explore the role of IR over-expression on T-lymphocytes and their chemotactic motility in the progression of type 1 diabetes. FVB/NJ-CD3-3×FLAG-mIR/MFM mice were generated to selectively over-express 3×FLAG tagged murine IR in T-lymphocytes via an engineered CD3 enhancer and promoter construct. Insertion of the 3×FLAG-mIR transgene into FVB/NJ mice, a known non-autoimmune prone strain, lead to a minor population of detectable 3×FLAG-mIR tagged T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the presence of a few lymphocytes in the pancreas of the Tg+/- compared to age matched Tg-/- control mice. In order to induce stronger murine IR over-expression then what was observed with the CD3 enhancer promoter construct, a second system utilizing the strong CAG viral promoter was generated. This system induces cell specific IR over-expression upon Cre-Lox recombination to afford functional 3×FLAG tagged murine IR with an internal eGFP reporter. The pPNTlox2-3×FLAG-mIR plasmid was constructed and validated in HEK-Cre-RFP cells to ensure selective Cre recombinase based 3×FLAG-mIR expression, receptor ligand affinity towards insulin, and functional initiation of signal transduction upon insulin stimulation.
Isolation, cultivation and immunostaining of single myofibers: An improved approach to study the behavior of satellite cells
Authors: Lim Chai Ling , Ling King-Hwa , Cheah Pike-See
Published: April 2018

Satellite cells are myogenic cells responsible for muscle growth shortly after birth and muscle repair/regeneration during adulthood. Therapies based on satellite cells hold promise for treating muscular dysfunctions. Studying satellite cells is technically challenging owing to their low abundance, small size and anatomical dispersed location between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of myofibers. In this article, we present three improved protocol strategies for studying the properties of satellite cells of the mouse during the different stages of muscle regeneration: (1) immunostaining of freshly isolated single myofibers to facilitate the study of quiescent satellite cells, (2) cultivation of single myofibers on Matrigel®-coated dish to study the myogenesis programs initiated by satellite cell activation, and (3) cultivation of single myofibers in floating conditions to analyze activated satellite cells or the doubling time of satellite cells in myofibers. In brief, when compared to previously published protocols, this article presented an improved protocol that requires shorter experimental time and less laborious approach for higher yield of intact single myofibers for downstream analyses.
The personality types and psychological contract interaction to corporate reflection
Kişilik kuramları ve psikolojik sözleşme etkileşiminin işletmelere yansıması
Authors: Konakay Gönül , Çelik Faik
Published: April 2018

Psychological contract  try to bring light to the bottom of why their behavior and reactions. Those who are employed if examined in this different way can clarify expectations and it can be beneficial to social cohesion as to employment, productivity, trade. Human nature contains diverse and opposing forces. These are our racial heritage, the environmental conditions and the personal world over which one builds on them. These occurrences enter into each other over time and interact with the purposes of the operator.Karen Horney while the pathology of certain characters and character types, alienation, self-realization, true self, is extremely different interpretations of the concepts of traditional psychology ideal image and self-hatred. Karen Horney's path the use of energy and ideas to self-realization of man's and is passion to be perfect imposed  that is ilness in our age, the disease is important for businesses. What should want the business running? Always and everywhere, "Is that perfect? Business and human relations are dealt again.This study examines the relationship between psychological contracts and personality types, and investigates the importance and weight of Karen Horney's personality analysis. It is aimed to solve the relation network methodologically.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetPsikolojik sözleşme çalışanların tavır, davranış ve tepkilerindeki dip nedenlere aydınlık getirmeye çalışmaktadır. İstihdam edilenlere bu farklı yaklaşım beklentileri netleştirebilecek ve de  istihdama, verime, dış ticarete, toplumsal bütünlüğe fayda sağlayabilecektir. İnsan doğası çeşitli ve birbirine zıt güçleri ihtiva etmektedir. Bunlar ırsi mirasımız, çevresel koşullar ve zaman içinde kişinin bunların üstüne kendisinin oluşturduğu kişisel dünyadır. Bu oluşumlar zaman içinde  birbiri ile içiçe girmekte ve işletmenin amaçlarıyla etkileşmektedir.Karen Horney’in  insanın içsel enerjisinin kendini gerçekleştirme yolunda kullanılması konusunda ve çağımızda dayatılan mükemmel olma tutkusunu hastalık olarak görme fikirleri işletmeler için  önemlidir. İşletmeler çalışanlarından ne istemelidir? Her zaman ve her yerde “mükemmel olmayı mı?  İşletme ve insan ilişkisi yeniden ele alınmaktadır.Bu çalışma psikolojik sözleşme ile kişilik tipleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemekte, Karen Horneyin kişilik tahlilinin önemi ve ağırlığını araştırmaktadır. Metodolojik olarak ilişki ağını çözmek amaçlanmıştır.
Study of one-dimensional cure simulation applicable conditions for thick laminates and its comparison with three-dimensional simulation
Authors: Ren Mingfa , Wang Qi , Cong Jie , Chang Xin
Published: April 2018

The comparison of one- and three-dimensional cure simulation of thick thermoset matrix laminates was conducted in this study. The applicable conditions of one-dimensional cure simulation were investigated. The transient heat conduction equation coupled to the cure kinetics was solved numerically using one- and three-dimensional finite element analysis. The evolution of temperature and degree of cure of the laminates during the curing process obtained by the simulation agreed well with the published experimental results. The results indicate that a wider one-dimensional analysis applicable region around the center point will be obtained in the laminate with a higher span-to-thickness ratio and in a less anisotropic material system. In the applicable region, the accuracy of the one-dimensional cure simulation can satisfy the engineering request and save the computational cost. While beyond the region, there is a steep increase in deviation of the one- and three-dimensional simulation results.
Active Braking of Whole-Arm Reaching Movements Provides Single-Trial Neuromuscular Measures of Movement Cancellation
Authors: Atsma Jeroen , Maij Femke , Gu Chao , Medendorp W. Pieter , Corneil Brian D.
Published: April 2018

Movement inhibition is an aspect of executive control that can be studied using the countermanding paradigm, wherein subjects try to cancel an impending movement following presentation of a stop signal. This paradigm permits estimation of the stop-signal reaction time or the time needed to respond to the stop signal. Numerous countermanding studies have examined fast, ballistic movements, such as saccades, even though many movements in daily life are not ballistic and can be stopped at any point during their trajectory. A benefit of studying the control of nonballistic movements is that antagonist muscle recruitment, which serves to actively brake a movement, presumably arises in response to the stop signal. Here, nine human participants (2 female) performed a center-out whole-arm reaching task with a countermanding component, while we recorded the activity of upper-limb muscles contributing to movement generation and braking. The data show a clear response on antagonist muscles to a stop signal, even for movements that have barely begun. As predicted, the timing of such antagonist recruitment relative to the stop signal covaried with conventional estimates of the stop-signal reaction time, both within and across subjects. The timing of antagonist muscle recruitment also attested to a rapid reprioritization of movement inhibition, with antagonist latencies decreasing across sequences consisting of repeated stop trials; such reprioritization also scaled with error magnitude. We conclude that antagonist muscle recruitment arises as a manifestation of a stopping process, providing a novel, accessible, and within-trial measure of the stop-signal reaction time.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe countermanding or stop-signal paradigm permits estimation of how quickly subjects cancel an impending movement. Traditionally, this paradigm has been studied using simple movements, such as saccadic eye movements or button presses. Here, by measuring upper limb muscle activity while human subjects countermand whole-arm reaching movements, we show that movement cancellation often involves prominent recruitment of antagonist muscles that serves to actively brake the movement, even on movements that have barely begun. The timing of antagonist muscle recruitment correlates with traditional estimates of movement cancellation. Because they can be detected on a single-trial basis, muscle-based measures may provide a new way of characterizing movement cancellation at an unprecedented within-trial resolution.
In VitroGeneration of Early-Born Neurons from Late Retinal Progenitors
Authors: James Jackson , Das Ani V. , Bhattacharya Sumitra , Chacko David M. , Zhao Xing , Ahmad Iqbal
Published: April 2018

Evidence suggests that, as development ensues, the competence of neural progenitors is progressively altered, such that they become fated to give rise to neurons of a particular stage. Here, we demonstrate that late retinal progenitors can give rise to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), an example of an early-born cell type in the retina. A subset of late retinal progenitorsin vitroresponds to cues that favor RGC differentiation by displaying markers characteristic of RGCs. In addition, mechanisms used during normal RGC differentiation are recruited by these cells toward their differentiation along RGC lineage. Our observations suggest that late neural progenitors may not be irreversibly fated but may appear as such under the constraints dictated by epigenetic cues.
Reciprocal Interactions between Neurons and Glia Are Required forDrosophilaPeripheral Nervous System Development
Authors: Sepp Katharine J. , Auld Vanessa J.
Published: April 2018

A major developmental role of peripheral glia is to mediate sensory axon guidance; however, it is not known whether sensory neurons influence peripheral glial development. To determine whether glia and neurons reciprocally interact during embryonic development, we ablated each cell type by overexpressing the apoptosis gene,grim, and observed the effects on peripheral nervous system (PNS) development. When neurons are ablated, glial defects occur as a secondary effect, and vice versa. Therefore glia and neurons are codependent during embryogenesis. To further explore glial-neuronal interactions, we genetically disrupted glial migration or differentiation and observed the secondary effects on sensory neuron development. Glial migration and ensheathment of PNS axons was blocked by overexpression of activated Rho GTPase, a regulator of actin dynamics. Here, sensory axons extended to the CNS without exhibiting gross pathfinding errors. In contrast, disrupting differentiation by expression of dominant-negative Ras GTPase in glia resulted in major sensory axon pathfinding errors, similar to those seen in glial ablations. Glial overexpression of transgenic components of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway yielded similar sensory neuron defects and also downregulated the expression of the glial marker Neuroglian. Mutant analysis also suggested that the EGFR ligands Spitz and Vein play roles in peripheral glial development. The observations support a model in which glia express genes necessary for sensory neuron development, and these genes are potentially under the control of the EGFR/Ras signaling pathway.
Chromosomal Loci Influencing the Susceptibility to the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine
Authors: Sedelis Marco , Hofele Katja , Schwarting Rainer K. W. , Huston Joseph P. , Belknap John K.
Published: April 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Although its etiology is not yet fully understood, an interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors is frequently discussed. The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can evoke PD-like symptoms and neuropathological changes in various species, including mice. It was found repeatedly that mouse strains differ in their susceptibility to MPTP, which might serve as a model for genetic predisposition to neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system. In the present study, F2intercross mice, derived from parental strains with high (C57BL/6J) versus low (BALB/cJ) MPTP susceptibility, were treated with MPTP and phenotyped for dopamine (DA) loss in the neostriatum, a highly sensitive marker of nigrostriatal dysfunction. A subsequent quantitative trait loci analysis revealed a gender-dependent locus for DA loss on chromosome 15 and a putative locus on chromosome 13. A number of potential candidate genes, including the membrane dopamine transporter, are located in the respective areas. Several mechanisms that are possibly involved in the control of the action of MPTP on the nigrostriatal system are discussed.
Dead-Space Microdomains Hinder Extracellular Diffusion in Rat Neocortex during Ischemia
Authors: Hrabětová Sabina , Hrabe Jan , Nicholson Charles
Published: April 2018

During ischemia, the transport of molecules in the extracellular space (ECS) is obstructed in comparison with healthy brain tissue, but the cause is unknown. Extracellular tortuosity (λ), normally 1.6, increases to 1.9 in ischemic thick brain slices (1000 μm), but drops to 1.5 when 70,000Mrdextran (dex70) is added to the tissue as a background macromolecule. We hypothesized that the ischemic increase in λ arises from diffusion delays in newly formed dead-space microdomains of the ECS. Accordingly, λ decreases when dead-space diffusion is eliminated by trapping dex70 in these microdomains. We tested our hypothesis by analyzing the diffusion of several molecules in neocortical slices. First we showed that diffusion of fluorescent dex70 in thick slices declined over time, indicating the entrapment of background macromolecules. Next, we measured diffusion of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) (74Mr) to show that the reduction of λ depended on the size of the background macromolecule. The synthetic polymer, 40,000Mrpolyvinylpyrrolidone, reduced λ in thick slices, whereas 10,000Mrdextran did not. The dex70 was also effective in normoxic slices (400 μm) after hypoosmotic stress altered the ECS to mimic ischemia. Finally, the dex70 effect was confirmed independently of TMA+using fluorescent 3000Mrdextran as a diffusion marker in thick slices: λ decreased from 3.29 to 2.44. Taken together, these data support our hypothesis and offer a novel explanation for the origin of the large λ observed in ischemic brain. A semiquantitative model of dead-space diffusion corroborates this new interpretation of λ