bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum prevalence and risk factors on goat farms in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand, Udonsom Ruenruetai , Supanta Jarawee ,   Department of Preclinic and Applied animal science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170 Thailand, Tanglakmankhong Onrampha ,   Department of Preclinic and Applied animal science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170 Thailand, Ngoenphisutsin Kanamon ,   Department of Preclinic and Applied animal science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170 Thailand, Nishikawa Yoshifumi ,   National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan, Fereig Ragab M. ,   National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan,   Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt, Jirapattharasate Charoonluk ,   Department of Preclinic and Applied animal science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170 Thailand
Published: November 2021

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are apicomplexan protozoan parasites that have been associated with reproductive problems in ruminants. Despite the high seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum reported in goats worldwide, little information about the seroprevalence of these parasites in goats in Thailand. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in 389 goat samples from five districts of Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using recombinant TgGRA7 and NcSAG1 antigens was used for the detection of anti-T.gondii and anti-N.caninum antibodies, respectively. Risk factors for the occurrence of these protozoan parasites on goat farms were also assessed. Specific IgG against T. gondii and N. caninum was detected in 28.5% and 16.7% samples, respectively. Co-infections were observed in 11.8% of samples. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence was the presence of cats (odds ratio [OR]= 2.55, 95% confidential interval [CI]=1.67- 3.89). The presence of other domestic animals on farm contributed to the risk of T. gondii and N. caninum infection on goat farms (OR=1.692, 95% CI= 1.08- 2.63). The present study provides data on the seroprevalence and risk of T. gondii and N. caninum infections among goats in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. Integrated and efficient measures are required to prevent and control infections on goat farms.
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of African swine fever
Authors:   Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Dokphut Arphaphorn , Boonpornprasert Prakit ,   Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Songkasupa Tapanut ,   Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Tangdee Supansa ,   Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: November 2021

Since the first African swine fever (ASF) outbreak was reported in China in 2018, the disease has spread rapidly to several countries in Asia. The early detection of this disease is essential for the ASF control strategy to be effective. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid detection assay that is rapid, simple, cost-effective and field-friendly. In this study, we have developed a colorimetric assay of LAMP to detect ASF virus (ASFV). A set of LAMP primers was designed to target the conserved region of the VP72 gene. The conditions of LAMP were optimized. The amplification products were easily detected by the naked eye using hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB). The positive LAMP reaction generated a violet to sky blue color change. The sensitivity and specificity of LAMP assay were demonstrated in comparison with the OIE-recommended real-time PCR. A total of 211 samples including 121 confiscated pork products and 90 spiked clinical specimens were tested. The optimal amplification of ASFV DNA by LAMP was incubation at 60 °C for 90 min. The analytical sensitivity of ASFV LAMP assay was at least 368 plasmid DNA copies/µL without cross-reactivity with other swine pathogens. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of LAMP were 88% and 100%, respectively. There was almost perfect agreement between LAMP and real-time PCR assays (Kappa value=0.84). This novel LAMP assay is deemed to be a rapid, simple, sensitive, specific diagnostic tool and suitable for early detection of ASF to minimize the likelihood of ASF spread nationwide.
Feasibility study of inertia sensor technology on the pelvic and trunk kinematics during horseback riding in children
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Thawinchai Nuanlaor , Tabsuri Taweetip ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Peansukmanee Siriporn ,   Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Lugade Vipul ,   Control One LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
Published: November 2021

Inertial sensors technology (IMU) has been utilized to determine kinematic data for some outdoor activities. Horseback riding (HR) is an alternative treatment that has been reported to be beneficial for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, understanding the mechanism of improving postural control is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasible of IMU to determine pelvic and trunk kinematics during HR in children with CP and with typical development (TD). Twenty children (10 CP, 10 TD; age: 4-12 years) were recruited. The movement of the pelvis and trunk in children with CP and TD including angular displacement and velocity were measured by inertial measurement sensors during horseback riding. The result found that no differences were found for pelvis and trunk angular displacement or velocity. For children with CP, pelvis and trunk correlations were strong in angular displacement in the sagittal plane (r=0.65, p=0.04 for pelvis and trunk flexion-extension and r=0.75, p=0.01 for pelvis flexion-extension and trunk inclination) and in angular velocity in the frontal and horizontal plane (r=0.82, p=0.02 for lateral flexion and r=0.73, p=0.02 for rotation). For children with TD, pelvis and trunk correlations were strong only for angular velocity in the sagittal plane (r=67, p=0.03). In conclusion, it is possible to use the IMU technology to capture movement of children during HR. The motion parameters including pelvis and trunk angular displacement and velocity that can be used to detect a degree of functional impairments and monitor the progress of treatment.
Effects of salinity level on the activity of chloride cell and mucus secreting cell in the gill of the female Shortfin molly, Poecilia mexicana Steindachner, 1863
Authors:   Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Sathorn Sirirat , Senarat Sinlapachai ,   Department of Marine Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang 92150, Thailand, Kettratad Jes ,   Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,   Marine Ecology and Marine Resources Utilization Research Unit, Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Kaneko Gen ,   School of Arts and Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson St. Victoria, Texas 77901, USA, Jiraungkoorskul Wannee ,   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand., Koraon Wongkamhaeng ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: November 2021

Ovoviviparous poeciliid fishes have been relatively well studied in the unique reproductive strategy, but their osmoregulatory system largely remains unknown. In this study, we conducted a short-term (7 days) lab experiment to investigate the effect of different salinity levels from 0 (freshwater) to 50 ppt (mesosaline) on the number of chloride cells and mucus secreting cells of female Poecilia mexicana. Chloride cells were found at high density along the epithelial lamellae, whereas mucus secreting cells were also concentrated in the gill raker epithelium. More interestingly, the average density of chloride cells and the mucus secreting cell were significantly increased at high salinity levels (P < 0.05). While further validation by immunohistochemistry is warranted, integrative data from our study suggested that the potential function of the osmoregulatory mechanism/strategy was supported by chloride and mucus secreting cells of female P. mexicana gill.
Circulating inhibin and testosterone during sexual maturation and reproductive seasonality of captive male killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors:   Kaomgawa Sea World, Chiba 296-0041, Japan, Katsumata Katsumata , Katsumata Etsuko ,   Kaomgawa Sea World, Chiba 296-0041, Japan,   International Marine Biological Research Institute, Kamogawa Sea World, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan, Jaroenporn Sukanya ,   Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Ueda Yoko ,   Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan,   United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Konno Seiki ,   Kaomgawa Sea World, Chiba 296-0041, Japan, Watanabe Gen ,   Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan,   United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan,   Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences (Doctoral Program), Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Taya Kazuyoshi ,   International Marine Biological Research Institute, Kamogawa Sea World, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan,   Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the reproductive biology of male killer whales. Changes in the concentrations of two circulating testicular hormones, inhibin and testosterone, were monitored during sexual maturation of two male Type 1 Eastern Northern Atlantic killer whales over a period of 20 years. The two killer whales grew rapidly at the pubertal stage and reached a plateau at the age of 23 and 20 years, respectively, after which growth slowed down. In the younger male, circulating inhibin was higher in the juvenile than in the pubertal and mature stages; whereas circulating testosterone exhibited the opposite trend. The pubertal period was estimated to last approximately 5 years, from 12 to 17 years of age. In the elder male, circulating testosterone was high from the onset of this study (12 years of age), when the animal also sired successfully for the first time. This finding shows that the male killer whale is possible to sire even if it is not socially matured, if there is opportunity for copulation. During the mature stage, both animals exhibited significantly higher circulating testosterone concentrations in spring compared to autumn and winter; whereas no seasonal change was observed for circulating inhibin. These results clearly demonstrate that the male killer whale is a seasonal breeder, even though it is fertile throughout the year. This is the first study to elucidate the inhibin concentration and secretory source in the male killer whale.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from feces of dairy goats in Nong Chok, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530 Thailand, Prapasawat Watsawan , Intarapuk Apiradee ,   Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530 Thailand
Published: November 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a growing public health problem. Antimicrobial use and misuse in animal farms have boosted antimicrobial resistance among bacteria in the animal habitat and may be transferred to humans. Therefore, this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, integrons and their association in Escherichia coli isolated from dairy goats in Nong Chok, Bangkok. Ninety-four fecal samples from dairy goats were collected by rectal swab between April 2019 and May 2019. Of 180 E. coli isolates, 141 were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent by disc diffusion method. The most frequent E. coli resistance was to streptomycin 65.6% (118/180), followed by tetracycline 30.0% (54/180), kanamycin 21.7% (39/180), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 21.7% (39/180). Furthermore, the percentage of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 23.9% (43/180). Thirty-nine antimicrobial resistance profiles were found in this study and the most common resistance profiles were STR 23.3% (42/180), STR-TET-SXT 10.0% (18/180) and KAN-STR 6.7% (12/180). All of the 180 E. coli isolates were detected class 1 and 2 integrons by multiplex PCR. The results revealed 22.2% (40/180) were positive for integrons including resistant isolates 92.5% (37/40) and susceptible 7.5% (3/40). Moreover, E. coli isolates resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were significantly associated with the presence of integrons (P < 0.05). The data of this study indicated that dairy goats in farms could be a reservoir and possible spread of resistant isolates to farmers and consumers via animals and their products.
The comparatives of growth and carcass performance of the Thai native chicken between economic selection (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N)
Authors:   Department of agricultural technology, faculty of technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand, Promket Doungnapa , Ruangwittayanusorn Khanitta ,   Department of agricultural technology, faculty of technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
Published: November 2021

Chee is 1 of 4 important native chicken breed in Thailand. Genetic selection can be used to improve growth and carcass performance. The objective of this study was to compare growth and carcass performance of native chickens (Chee) with a population selected for economic traits (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N). Two hundred Chee KKU12 and Chee N chickens were divided into 5 replicates, 20 chickens per replication. Record growth and carcass quality for data analysis. The results showed that at 12 weeks of age, Chee KKU12 chickens (1,279.484 g) had a higher body weight than did Chee N chickens (1,180.212 g). The averages daily weight gain at 4-6, 6-8, and 0-12 weeks of age of Chee KKU12 chicken (17.861,19.230, and 14.843 grams) was higher than Chee N chickens (16.284, 17.497, and 13.668 g) (P<0.05). The carcass quality with mixed gender showed that Chee KKU12 chickens had higher breast (20.859%) and abdominal fat (0.659%) than Chee N chicken (19.585% and 0.217%, respectively) (P<0.05), but Chee KKU12 chicken thigh (17.007%) was significantly lower than Chee N chickens (18.627%). Regression analysis revealed that the selection of Chee KKU12 chickens for gain in weight will result in better carcass composition including wing (0.074 g), breast (0.089 g), and drumstick (0.134 g), while Chee N chicken had better thigh (0.189 g) when selected for high growth performance (P<0.05). It was concluded that chicken population selected for economic traits has a better growth performance in open housing conditions than naturally selected chickens.
Keys to good knowledge, attitude and practice on rabies prevention in disease-free communities
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand, Kiratitana-olan Kritkarnda , Chaisowwong Warangkhana ,   Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand,   Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand, Thongkorn Kriangkrai ,   Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand, Kreausukon Khwanchai ,   Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
Published: November 2021

Many developing countries have recently faced public health challenges due to outbreaks of human rabies, while some areas have remained free from outbreaks of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify keys to good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in rabies-free areas of Thailand to provide a functional model for rabies prevention in endemic zones. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire in conjunction with interviews that were designed to elicit relevant information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and content analysis were used to interpret the data obtained from the questionnaire and interviews, respectively. The results gathered from 1,392 respondents and 36 interviewees indicated that age, education and the residential area of the subjects were associated with knowledge and practice, but not with attitude. Late midlife subjects reported good knowledge and practice scores due to some form of personal encounter with rabies and attendance at rabies meetings and campaigns, while secondary education levels or above were associated with higher knowledge and practice scores due to the inclusion of a rabies course in the secondary school curriculum. Moreover, the findings showed that a community using a form of public communication known as wired broadcasting had greater knowledge, and a community organizing comprehensive participatory activities had better practice. Ultimately, it was not only age, education and residential area, but also the integration of appropriate interventions and control measures by the authorities that proved beneficial in making good knowledge and practice more uniform throughout the communities included in the study.
A preliminary study of the effects of enrichment on stereotypic and non-stereotypic stabled horses
Authors:   Veterinary Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Huo Xin , Yaemklang Sutida ,   Veterinary Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Pimmai Pornnapa ,   Veterinary Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Kupittayanant Pakanit ,   School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology,Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand, Na-Lampang Pongchan ,   Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand
Published: November 2021

Our preliminary study investigated: 1) differences of general behaviors between stereotypic (male, n=2, ST) and non-stereotypic (male, n=2, NST) stabled horses 2) the different reactions to enrichment items (hay nets, bedding straw and yoga ball) between ST and NST horses. The frequency of general behaviors, stereotypic behaviors and the reactions to enrichment items were recorded. The results showed that there was a significantly different frequency of ingestion, locomotion, standing alert, investigation and social interactions between ST and NST horses during 24 hours of observation (P<0.05). The ST horses performed weaving and wind sucking. There were significant differences in reactions, such as sniffing, watching and rolling when using enrichment items (P<0.05). The frequency of sniffing was the highest when bedding straw was used. The horses displayed watching behaviors when using yoga ball (P <0.05) and rolling (P <0.05) when using bedding straw. The frequency of sniffing straw bedding in NST horses was greater than that of ST horses (P=0.006). The NST horses preferred watching the ball (P<0.001). Only ST horses performed rolling when provided with straw bedding. In conclusion, the differences in general behaviors between ST and NST horses were established. Different reactions to enrichment items also occurred between ST and NST horses. A more extensive study with a larger sample size and a continuous recording of behavior for a longer period is recommended.
Open MRI assessment of anterior femoroacetabular clearance in active and passive impingement-provoking postures
Authors: Mohtajeb Maryam , Cibere Jolanda , Mony Michelle , Zhang Honglin , Sullivan Emily , Hunt Michael A. , Wilson David R.
Published: November 2021

Aims

Cam and pincer morphologies are potential precursors to hip osteoarthritis and important contributors to non-arthritic hip pain. However, only some hips with these pathomorphologies develop symptoms and joint degeneration, and it is not clear why. Anterior impingement between the femoral head-neck contour and acetabular rim in positions of hip flexion combined with rotation is a proposed pathomechanism in these hips, but this has not been studied in active postures. Our aim was to assess the anterior impingement pathomechanism in both active and passive postures with high hip flexion that are thought to provoke impingement.

Methods

We recruited nine participants with cam and/or pincer morphologies and with pain, 13 participants with cam and/or pincer morphologies and without pain, and 11 controls from a population-based cohort. We scanned hips in active squatting and passive sitting flexion, adduction, and internal rotation using open MRI and quantified anterior femoroacetabular clearance using the β angle.

Results

In squatting, we found significantly decreased anterior femoroacetabular clearance in painful hips with cam and/or pincer morphologies (mean -11.3° (SD 19.2°)) compared to pain-free hips with cam and/or pincer morphologies (mean 8.5° (SD 14.6°); p = 0.022) and controls (mean 18.6° (SD 8.5°); p < 0.001). In sitting flexion, adduction, and internal rotation, we found significantly decreased anterior clearance in both painful (mean -15.2° (SD 15.3°); p = 0.002) and painfree hips (mean -4.7° (SD 13°); p = 0.010) with cam and/pincer morphologies compared to the controls (mean 7.1° (SD 5.9°)).

Conclusion

Our results support the anterior femoroacetabular impingement pathomechanism in hips with cam and/or pincer morphologies and highlight the effect of posture on this pathomechanism. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):988–996.
Effect of head size and rotation on taper corrosion in a hip simulator
Authors: Wight Christian M. , Whyne Cari M. , Bogoch Earl R. , Zdero Radovan , Chapman Ryan M. , van Citters Douglas W. , Walsh William R. , Schemitsch Emil
Published: November 2021

Aims

This study investigates head-neck taper corrosion with varying head size in a novel hip simulator instrumented to measure corrosion related electrical activity under torsional loads.

Methods

In all, six 28 mm and six 36 mm titanium stem-cobalt chrome head pairs with polyethylene sockets were tested in a novel instrumented hip simulator. Samples were tested using simulated gait data with incremental increasing loads to determine corrosion onset load and electrochemical activity. Half of each head size group were then cycled with simulated gait and the other half with gait compression only. Damage was measured by area and maximum linear wear depth.

Results

Overall, 36 mm heads had lower corrosion onset load (p = 0.009) and change in open circuit potential (OCP) during simulated gait with (p = 0.006) and without joint movement (p = 0.004). Discontinuing gait’s joint movement decreased corrosion currents (p = 0.042); however, wear testing showed no significant effect of joint movement on taper damage. In addition, 36 mm heads had greater corrosion area (p = 0.050), but no significant difference was found for maximum linear wear depth (p = 0.155).

Conclusion

Larger heads are more susceptible to taper corrosion; however, not due to frictional torque as hypothesized. An alternative hypothesis of taper flexural rigidity differential is proposed. Further studies are necessary to investigate the clinical significance and underlying mechanism of this finding. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):1004–1016.
New generations of respondents: assessing the representativity of the HILDA Survey’s child sample
Authors: Watson Nicole
Published: November 2021

An important aspect of an indefinite life household panel study is to provide a sample of children who become new generations of respondents over time. The representativity of children and young adults in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey is assessed after 16 waves. Estimates from the HILDA Survey are compared to official data sources of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and include demographic, education, employment, income and residential mobility variables. Both cross-section and longitudinal estimates are assessed. Overall, the HILDA Survey estimates are relatively close to the ABS estimates with the exception of the year of arrival of recent immigrants, having foreign-born parents, having a certificate level qualification, type of relationship in household, having zero income, the main source of income, and residential mobility. Most of these exceptions can be explained by differences in questionnaire design, respondent recall error, linkage error, and differences in the amount of missing data. The estimate of particular concern is the proportion of immigrants arriving in the last five years, which is underestimated in the HILDA Survey due to undercoverage of recent immigrants. This could be addressed by regular refreshment samples of recent immigrants.
Refractive-index matching enhanced polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography quantification in human brain tissue
Authors: Liu Chao J. , Ammon William , Jones Robert J. , Nolan Jackson , Wang Ruopeng , Chang Shuaibin , Frosch Matthew P. , Yendiki Anastasia , Boas David A. , Magnain Caroline , Fischl Bruce , Wang Hui
Published: November 2021

The importance of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
(PS-OCT) has been increasingly recognized in human brain imaging.
Despite the recent progress of PS-OCT in revealing white matter
architecture and orientation, quantification of fine-scale fiber
tracts in the human brain cortex has been a challenging problem, due
to a low birefringence in the gray matter. In this study, we
investigated the effect of refractive index matching by
2,2’-thiodiethanol (TDE) immersion on the improvement of PS-OCT
measurements in ex vivo human brain tissue. We show
that we can obtain fiber orientation maps of U-fibers that underlie
sulci, as well as cortical fibers in the gray matter, including radial
fibers in gyri and distinct layers of fibers exhibiting laminar
organization. Further analysis shows that index matching reduces the
noise in axis orientation measurements by 56% and 39%,
in white and gray matter, respectively. Index matching also enables
precise measurements of apparent birefringence, which was
underestimated in the white matter by 82% but overestimated in
the gray matter by 16% prior to TDE immersion. Mathematical
simulations show that the improvements are primarily attributed to the
reduction in the tissue scattering coefficient, leading to an enhanced
signal-to-noise ratio in deeper tissue regions, which could not be
achieved by conventional noise reduction methods.
Probing the effect of a glass network on the synthesis and luminescence properties of composite perovskite glasses [Invited]
Authors: Karagiannaki Anna , Konidakis Ioannis , Kourmoulakis George , Demeridou Ioanna , Dzibelova Jana , Bakandritsos Aristides , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are highly promising candidates for various optoelectronic and photonic devices. However, poor stability upon exposure to moisture and lead toxicity issues significantly limit their applications. A modern and promising strategy on resolving these issues is the encapsulation of highly luminescent (PNCs) within transparent inorganic oxide glasses. While the encapsulation procedure effect on the development and properties of the so-formed PV-Glasses has been explored in detail, there is lack of understanding the influence of the selected glass composition and network type on the outcome of the synthesis. Herein we report on the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of composite perovskite-glasses upon growing all-inorganic lead halide perovskites within three different types of inorganic oxide glasses. When a silver metaphosphate glass matrix is used it is revealed that the low glass transition temperature of the phosphate glass limits significantly the temperature range of the required post-melting annealing treatment, while the lead salt precursors react with the phosphate entities of the network destroying the stoichiometry of the PNCs. As a result the formation of PNCs is hindered. As a consequence, a double network former borophosphate glass was employed as a suitable host. While annealing treatments at higher temperature were facilitated in this case, it is found that the high silver content becomes an obstacle for the perovskite formation. In view of these findings, cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) and cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) composite perovskite borate glasses were synthesized and found to be suitable hosts. Indeed, such composite glasses exhibit interesting photoluminescence properties that are compared with those of PNCs outside the glass matrix.
Tracing multisensory food experiences on Twitter
Authors: Kāle Maija , Šķilters Jurģis , Rikters Matīss
Published: November 2021

How a food, or a dish, is named and how its components and attributes are described can all influence the perception and the enjoyment of the food. Therefore, tracing patterns in food descriptions and determining their role can be of value. The aims of this study were the following: (1) to describe the multisensory food experience as represented in microblog entries concerning food and drink on Twitter, (2) to provide an overview of the changes in the above-mentioned food representations during the period 2011–20, and (3) to contribute to a broader understanding of the human–food relationship as reflected on social media – in this case Twitter – and outline its potential utility for the research field of gastrophysics. The combinations of various multisensory attributes co-occurring in a tweet (which we term ‘collocations’) found in the Twitter corpus were examined through the categories of texture, colour, taste, smell/odour, shape and sound. We mapped the collocations of the 20–25 most frequently mentioned food items and their multisensory experience pairings over time. Such time-based knowledge led to a better understanding of the multisensory experience triggers as reflected on Twitter. By analysing the multisensory experience’s frequency of occurrence, we could conclude that the category of colour is the dominant one, while textural, olfactory and auditory collocations with food are rare. In most of the cases, food tweets appear to render a food experience ‘tasty’, ‘good’ and ‘interesting’.
Historical approach on the creation of the Femicide Law in Brazil
Authors: De Albuquerque Farias Athena
Published: November 2021

Historicamente, a sociedade brasileira incorporou os ditames de uma estrutura patriarcal. Essa estrutura patriarcal é essencialmente sexista, onde as figuras masculinas se destacam e carregam um sentimento de dominação e poderio sobre as mulheres. O presente estudo visa analisar os aspectos históricos e socioculturais que levaram o Brasil a editar a Lei do Feminicídio. Nessa luta contra a violência contra as mulheres, os movimentos feministas têm sido um dos maiores colaboradores. A criação do tipo penal do feminicídio é, portanto, considerado um marco político e acadêmico para o feminismo, pois conferiu visibilidade para as crescentes mortes de pessoas do sexo feminino em razão do gênero. A edição da lei teve o objetivo de reduzir os crimes contra as mulheres em razão do gênero, com a modificação do julgamento e aumento das penas para este tipo penal, com intenção de inibir novas práticas delituosas, assim como de criar consciência na sociedade sobre a morte letal de mulheres e como isso afeta a sociedade.

 

Palavras-chave:  feminicídio, desigualdade de gênero, sociedade patriarcal.
Estimation of Rock Characteristics Based on Polarization Spectra: Surface Roughness, Composition, and Density
Authors: Zhang Feizhou , Liu Xufang , Xiang Yun , Zhang Zihan , Liu Siyuan , Yan Lei
Published: November 2021

Surface polarization characteristics provide crucial structural information of the Earth's surface. As two key elements of the natural geographical environment, rocks and soils play an important role in the study of surface processes. Inherent surface characteristics, such as surface
roughness, composition, and density are critical parameters for the remote monitoring of land surfaces as they affect the polarization characteristics of scattered light waves. In this study, we investigated the relationship between surface roughness, composition, and density, and the polarization
spectra of limestone-dolomite series rock. Results reveal a power function relationship between the surface roughness and the degree of polarization peaks among different detection zenith and azimuth angles. The depth and position of the absorbing waveband are significantly correlated with
the characteristic component contents. The rock density was determined via the polarized reflection spectra, with the Earth's surface density calculations associated with a 2.6% divergence from the current recognized data. Our results demonstrate the ability of polarized spectra to retrieve
surface roughness, composition, and density, with potential for further development in future work.
Dense Bathymetry in Turbid Coastal Zones Using Airborne Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Vargas Steven Martinez , Delrieux Claudio , Blanco Katy L. , Vitale Alejandro
Published: November 2021

We used airborne hyperspectral images to generate a dense survey of bathymetric data in the Bahía Blanca estuary (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). This estuarine area is characterized by intense sediment transport turning the water muddy, and thus optical bathymetric estimations are difficult. We used 24 spectral bands in a range of 500–900 nm acquired with a hyperspectral camera aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle, together with 100 bathymetry data points surveyed with a sonar sensor aboard an unmanned surface vehicle, covering an area of about 800 m2. Random-forest and support-vector-machine regressors were trained with this data set. The resulting model yielded a determination coefficient of 0.815 with unseen data, a root-mean-square error of 0.166 m, and an absolute average error less than 2%. These results allow dense and accurate reconstructions of the underwater profile in wide, muddy, shallow regions of the Bahía Blanca estuary, showing the feasibility of hyperspectral imagery combined with sonar data in turbid shallow waters.
MSegnet, a Practical Network for Building Detection from High Spatial Resolution Images
Authors: Yu Bo , Chen Fang , Dong Ying , Wang Lei , Wang Ning , Yang Aqiang
Published: November 2021

Building detection in big earth data by remote sensing is crucial for urban development. However, improving its accuracy remains challenging due to complicated background objects and different viewing angles from various remotely sensed images. The hereto proposed methods predominantly
focus on multi-scale feature learning, which omits features in multiple aspect ratios. Moreover, postprocessing is required to refine the segmentation performance. We propose modified semantic segmentation (MSegnet), a single-shot semantic segmentation model based on a matrix of convolution
layers to extract features in multiple scales and aspect ratios. MSegnet consists of two modules: backbone feature learning and matrix convolution to conduct vertical and horizontal learning. The matrix convolution comprises a set of convolution operations with different aspect ratios. MSegnet
is applied to a public building data set that is widely used for evaluation and shown to achieve satisfactory accuracy, compared with the published single-shot methods.
Protocolo de atendimento odontológico de pacientes com síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Freitas Maynara Schlickmann , Orlando Fabiana Hubbe , Nascimento Luiza Pereira , Kuntze Morgane Marion , Valesan Ligia , Porporatti André Luiz , de Souza Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes
Published: November 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Uma boa qualidade de sono é essencial para a saúde física e mental do ser humano. Entretanto, existem muitos tipos de distúrbios do sono e, entre eles, a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) apresenta maior prevalência. A SAOS pode ser investigada e tratada pelo cirurgião-dentista (CD), juntamente com uma equipe multiprofissional; entretanto, ainda existem muitas dúvidas em relação a um protocolo de atendimento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar um protocolo de atendimento odontológico para pacientes com SAOS. MÉTODOS: O protocolo foi elaborado a partir da revisão de doze artigos científicos, depois de uma busca abrangente sobre o assunto. A busca foi realizada no período de janeiro de 2016 a março de 2018 nas bases de dados PubMed (incluindo MedLine), Lilacs, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. RESULTADOS: O protocolo foi dividido em seis segmentos: 1. Atenção; 2. Anamnese; 3. Aplicação de questionários; 4. Exame físico; 5. Diagnóstico; e 6. Tratamento. Esses segmentos foram desenvolvidos de acordo com o que foi observado de mais relevante na literatura científica para o meio odontológico. Destaca-se a importância do correto diagnóstico da SAOS pelos CD. CONCLUSÃO: A elaboração desse protocolo auxilia o CD na seleção e avaliação dos possíveis fatores de risco e fatores etiológicos da SAOS, triando os pacientes com maior propensão ao desenvolvimento da síndrome.
Tratamentos transdisciplinares – a Ortodontia integrada à reabilitação oral em benefício dos pacientes adultos: relato de caso
Authors: Sousa Raniere Luiz dos Santos , Silva Ertty , Portes Maila Izabela Pêsso , Lemos Frederico , Meloti Fernanda , Cardoso Mauricio de Almeida
Published: November 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A Ortodontia contemporânea é caracterizada pela alta demanda de pacientes adultos, tornando-se cada vez mais frequente as abordagens transdisciplinares e integradas. Esse cenário fez surgir novos protocolos de diagnóstico ortodôntico, fundamentados na tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), permitindo a realização de planejamentos integrados que visam a reabilitação oral completa do paciente. No que diz respeito à mecânica ortodôntica, a ancoragem esquelética é um dos quesitos que merecem especial atenção, e as miniplacas destacam-se entre os dispositivos com tal finalidade, por suportarem melhor as cargas durante o movimento ortodôntico, além de fornecerem melhor controle tridimensional. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever o tratamento de uma paciente adulta por meio de abordagem transdisciplinar, na qual o diagnóstico fundamentou-se em estudo tomográfico e o plano de tratamento foi conduzido por meio de ancoragem esquelética com miniplacas. RESULTADOS: O tratamento ortodôntico recuperou o espaço para o implante do dente #35, corrigiu o apinhamento anterior superior e inferior sem a necessidade de exodontias de pré-molares e desgastes interdentários, alcançando uma oclusão funcional e equilibrada. Pôde-se observar, ainda, a melhora na estética do sorriso, com boa exposição dos incisivos superiores, proporcionalidade dos dentes e melhora na relação dos lábios. CONCLUSÕES: A Ortodontia assumiu um protagonismo neste caso de reabilitação oral, graças ao diagnóstico 3D e à ancoragem esquelética por meio das miniplacas, viabilizando, com isso, o tratamento estético reabilitador com um menor custo biológico.
Entrevista com Fernanda Angelieri
Authors: Angelieri Fernanda , Normando David , Garib Daniela , Mcnamara Jr. James A. , Gurgel Júlio
Published: November 2021

Com muita honra, apresento a Profa. Fernanda nesta entrevista, minha amiga de longa data, com quem tive a grata satisfação de trabalhar nos cursos de especialização em Ortodontia da Universidade de Marília (Marília/SP) e da Ponti- fícia Universidade Católica Madre y Maestra, em Santiago de Los Caballeros (República Dominicana). As contribuições da Profa. Fernanda para a Ortodontia são maiores do que a sua estatura, em razão da sua dedicação ao ensino e à pesquisa. Um bom exemplo das suas contribuições é a classificação dos estágios de maturação da sutura palatina mediana, proposta em 2013 por ela e colaboradores. Essa classificação teve, e vem tendo, grande aceitação por acadêmicos, clínicos e pesquisadores das diferentes partes do mundo.
Uso de alças de nivelamento e alinhamento: de volta aos fundamentos da Ortodontia
Authors: Meireles José Kleber Soares de
Published: November 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Os fios de aço inoxidável apresentam alto módulo de elasticidade e baixa flexibilidade. Essas características diminuem sua aplicabilidade na fase inicial da mecânica ortodôntica, na qual é necessária boa elasticidade para atingir os dentes mal posicionados, liberando pouca força durante o movimento. No passado, a forma encontrada para diminuir o nível de força, enquanto se aumentava a flexibilidade do sistema, era confiar em outra característica da liga de aço: sua formabilidade. Alças foram incorporadas aos fios, principalmente os de pequeno diâmetro, para aumentar sua deflexão, aumentando o comprimento do fio entre os braquetes. OBJETIVO: O propósito do presente artigo é demonstrar o uso de algumas alças de nivelamento que podem auxiliar o clínico em situações específicas, nas quais os arcos contínuos podem apresentar alguma ineficiência.
Radiografias periapicais na documentação ortodôntica são muito importantes OU Não se deve diagnosticar reabsorções dentárias em radiografias panorâmicas
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: November 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: As radiografias periapicais de todos os dentes, como parte da documentação ortodôntica, permitem o diagnóstico de reabsorções dentárias antes da abordagem ortodôntica e durante o planejamento de cada caso. As reabsorções dentárias são diagnosticadas em 5 a 10% de todos os pacientes e se apresentam assintomáticas, independentemente da sua fase evolutiva. DISCUSSÃO: As radiografias panorâmicas não permitem diagnóstico seguro de alterações dentárias, especialmente de todos os tipos de reabsorções dentárias. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de diagnóstico prévio de reabsorções dentárias existentes antes do tratamento ortodôntico pode constituir fonte de preocupação para o profissional durante a sua prática clínica, inclusive de ordem judicial.
Overview Potensi Panas Bumi di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Gunawan Iwan , Windarta Jaka , Harmoko Udi
Published: November 2021

Energi panas bumi termasuk dalam jenis energi terbarukan sehingga ketersediaannya tidak terpengaruh oleh kurangnya sumber energi dan kenaikan harga minyak fosil. Panas bumi termasuk energi ramah lingkungan yang menjadi salah satu keuntungan energi panas bumi. Secara umum tidak semua negara memiliki potensi energi panas bumi, hanya negara-negara yang dilintasi cincin api yang memiliki sumber energi panas bumi. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang menyimpan potensi panas bumi ditunjukkan dengan adanya 117 gunung berapi aktif yang tersebar di seluruh pelosok tanah air. Energi panas bumi Indonesia memiliki potensi dan diperkirakan sekitar 40% dari potensi energi panas bumi dunia atau sekitar 29.544 MW. Namun, hanya sekitar 7,2% atau sekitar 2130,7 MW ditahun 2019 yang dimanfaatkan sebagai energi listrik di dalam negeri. Pemerintah Indonesia terus berupaya meningkatkan kapasitas pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi. Pemerintah berencana untuk meningkatkan bauran pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi di Indonesia sebesar 7,2 GW pada tahun 2025 dan 17,6 GW pada tahun 2050. Jawa Barat sebagai salah satu provinsi di Indonesia memiliki potensi panas bumi yang besar dan 56% pembangkit listrik panas bumi yang terpasang pada saat ini berasal dari provinsi Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan road map pengembangan panas bumi sampai tahun 2025, dengan target 39.5% potensi panas bumi yang akan dikembangkan berada di provinsi Jawa Barat.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Tidak Langsung Potensi Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
Authors: Ahluriza Pradipta , Harmoko Udi
Published: November 2021

Indonesia berkomitmen dalam pengembangan penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan yang tercantum pada Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah, Peraturan Presiden, Peraturan Menteri, maupun peraturan pendukung lainnya. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara tidak langsung pemanfaatan potensi energi panas bumi di Indonesia. Dengan kondisi geografi Indonesia yang terletak pada zona jalur cincin api, sehingga sistemnya mayoritas bertipe vulcanic (hidrothermal system) yang menyebabkan di setiap lapangannya memiliki potensi yang besar. Potensi ini menjadikannya prioritas pemerintah untuk mencapai bauran energi baru dan terbarukan paling sedikit 23% pada tahun 2025 dan 31% pada tahun 2050. Untuk mencapai target ini, pemerintah menentukan arah kebijakan dan rencana strategis yang tercantum pada Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN). Energi Panas Bumi dapat dimanfaatkan sesuai potensi daya yang dapat dihasilkan, yaitu PLTP.
Energi Mandiri dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair pada Industri Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Pasaribu Daniel , Kusdiyantini Endang
Published: November 2021

Limbah merupakan permasalahan yang cukup serius di dunia industri kelapa sawit dan berdampak merusak lingkungan. Sehingga ditemukan teknologi biogas untuk mengatasi limbah cair (POME) dan dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan listrik. Teknologi tank reaktor cukup efektif dalam penanganan limbah cair (POME) untuk menghindari gas metan terlepas ke udara atmosfir. Pengembangan teknologi biogas di Indonesia terus dilakukan dari pendekatan skala besar dan kecil. Dari kapasitas produksi pabrik sebesar 30 ton/jam Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) dapat menghasilkan tenaga listrik sebesar  1 MW dari PLT Biogas (PLTBg).