bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Hemostatic Activities of Zeolite-Based Formulary Finishes on Cotton Dressings
Authors: Edwards J. Vincent , Prevost Nicolette T. , Cintron Michael Santiago
Published: May 2023

The need for affordable effective prehospital hemostatic dressings to control hemorrhage has led to an increased interest in new dressing design approaches. Here we consider the separate components of fabric, fiber, and procoagulant nonexothermic zeolite-based formulations on design approaches to accelerated hemostasis. The design of the fabric formulations was based on incorporation of zeolite Y as the principal procoagulant, with calcium and pectin to adhere and enhance the activity. Unbleached nonwoven cotton when combined with bleached cotton displays enhanced properties related to hemostasis. Here, we compare sodium zeolite with ammonium zeolite formulated on fabrics utilizing pectin with pad versus spray-dry-cure and varied fiber compositions. Notably, ammonium as a counterion resulted in shorter times to fibrin and clot formation comparable to the procoagulant standard. The time to fibrin formation as measured by thromboelastography was found to be within a range consistent with modulating severe hemorrhage control. The results indicate a correlation between fabric add-on and accelerated clotting as measured by both time to fibrin and clot formation. A comparison between the time to fibrin formation in calcium/pectin formulations and pectin alone revealed an enhanced clotting effect with calcium decreasing by one minute the time to fibrin formation. Infra-red spectra were employed to characterize and quantify the zeolite formulations on the dressings.
The Effect of a Linear Free Surface Boundary Condition on the Steady-State Wave-Making of Shallowly Submerged Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Lambert William , Brizzolara Stefano , Woolsey Craig
Published: May 2023

Near-surface simulation methods for shallowly submerged underwater vehicles are necessary for the population of a variety of free-surface-affected, coefficient-based maneuvering and seakeeping models. Simulations vary in complexity and computational costs, often sacrificing accuracy for simplicity and speed. One particular simplifying assumption, the linearization of the free surface boundary conditions, is explored in this study by comparing the steady-state wave-making characteristics of a shallowly submerged prolate spheroid using two different simulation methods at several submergence depths and forward speeds. Hydrodynamic responses are compared between a time-domain boundary element method that makes use of a linearized free surface boundary condition and an inviscid, volume of fluid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code that imposes no explicit free surface boundary condition. Differences of up to 22.6%, 32.5%, and 33.3% are found in the prediction of steady state surge force, heave force, and pitch moment, respectively. The largest differences between the two simulation methods arise for motions occurring at small submergences and large wave-making velocities where linear free-surface assumptions become less valid. Nonlinearities that occur in such cases are revealed through physical artifacts such as wave steepening, wave breaking, and high-energy waves. A further examination of near-surface viscous forces reveals that the viscous drag on the vessel is depth dependent due to the changing velocity profile around the body.
Delineation of Urban Growth Boundary Based on Habitat Quality and Carbon Storage: A Case Study of Weiyuan County in Gansu, China
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Rongrong , Zhou Maoxian
Published: May 2023

As the impacts of climate change worsen, the global community prioritizes addressing it and fostering low-carbon societies. Urban planning focuses on creating compact, smart-growth cities that prioritize low-carbon, green development, with resource and environmental capacities as hard constraints. Balancing urban development, environmental protection, and accurate urban boundary delineation is vital for stable growth. In this study, the ecosystem services of Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, were assessed using the InVEST model’s habitat quality and carbon storage modules. Key ecological protection areas with high biodiversity and carbon storage were identified. The CA-Markov model simulated urban expansion, dynamically coordinating ecological and urban development. Weiyuan County’s habitat quality was mainly intermediate. In the county’s central area, construction land coverage was 0.29 km2 in the priority protection zone and 0.49 km2 in the controlled development zone. Urban development boundaries in Weiyuan County were delineated based on ecosystem function rating and CA-Markov delineation. This method enhances urban management in ecologically fragile areas, promoting sustainable development and providing a reference for eco-economic sustainability in other fragile Chinese cities.
Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of the Low–Carbon Transition of Farmland Use in Coastal Areas of Guangdong Province
Authors: Huang Xiuyu , Wang Ying , Liang Wanyi , Wang Zhaojun , Zhou Xiao , Yan Qinqiang
Published: May 2023

The low–carbon transition of farmland use (LCTFU) is an effective measure to coordinate the development of farmland and the environment to meet China’s “dual carbon” and green agricultural transformation goals. We studied the spatial–temporal evolution of the LCTFU and further explored the driving factors of the LCTFU by applying a geographically weighted regression model (GWR) to the coastal cities of Guangdong Province from 2000 to 2020. The results show that (1) temporally, the comprehensive, spatial, functional, and mode transitions of farmland use in coastal areas of Guangdong Province generally declined. The LCTFU level in most counties was low, and the difference in the LCTFU level among counties was narrowing. (2) Spatially, the LCTFU generally followed a high–to–low spatial distribution pattern, with high LCTFU values in the east and west and low values in the center. (3) The hotspots of the comprehensive, spatial, functional, and mode transitions were mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the study area, while the cold spots were in the central region, which is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of high– and low–value areas of the LCTFU. (4) The spatial migration path of the LCTFU migrated from northeast to southwest, with the main body of the standard deviation ellipse in the middle of the study area, displaying a C–shaped spatial pattern with weak expansion. (5) Economic, social, and environmental factors jointly contributed to the spatial–temporal evolution of the LCTFU, with social factors being the strongest driver.
Examining the Influence of Landscape Patch Shapes on River Water Quality
Authors: Aalipour Mehdi , Wu Naicheng , Fohrer Nicola , Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef , Jabbarian Amiri Bahman
Published: May 2023

River water quality can be affected by a range of factors, including both point and non-point sources of pollution. Of these factors, changes in land use and land cover are particularly significant, as they can alter the structure of the landscape and consequently impact water quality in rivers. To investigate the relationship between patch shapes, a measure of landscape structure, and river water quality at the catchment scale, this study utilized spatial data from 39 catchments in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. This study employed stepwise multivariate regression modeling to explore how changes in landscape structure, which can be measured by landscape metrics including the shape index, the contiguity index, the fractal dimension index, the perimeter–area ratio, and the related circumscribing circle, impact water quality variables. Four regression models—linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power models—were evaluated, and the most appropriate model for each water quality variable was determined using the Akaike information criterion. To validate the models, three groups of accuracy metrics were employed, and Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to analyze the models’ behavior. This study found that landscape structure metrics could explain up to 71% and 82% of the variations in the measures of TDS and Mg, respectively, and the shape index, the contiguity index, and fractal metric were particularly significant in predicting water quality. Moreover, this study verified the accuracy of the models and revealed that changes in landscape structure, such as a decline in patch continuity and an increase in patch complexity, can impact river water quality. The findings of this study suggest optimizing landscape structure metrics in land use planning to reduce river pollution and improve water quality.
How Do Foreign Language Learners Process L2 Emotion Words in Silent Reading? An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Sonbul Suhad , Altarriba Jeanette
Published: May 2023

The current study aimed to examine the processing of emotion words in L2 silent reading. We conducted two experiments in which Arab learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) read short English sentences in which target words were embedded. The participants’ eye movements were recorded and analyzed. The results of Experiment 1, which compared the processing of emotionally positive versus neutral words by 44 participants, did not reveal any significant effect for word type. The results only showed a few instances of significant interactions between word type and word frequency (i.e., positive words were read faster than neutral words only in the case of high-frequency words) and arousal (i.e., positive words were recognized faster than neutral words only when the target words were low in arousal). The results of Experiment 2, which compared the processing of emotionally negative versus neutral words by 43 participants, only established one effect of word type on the skipping rate which was also modulated by length (i.e., negative words were less likely to be skipped, particularly shorter ones). Moreover, arousal interacted with word type (i.e., only the negative words with low arousal were read faster than neutral words in two eye-movement measures).
Investigation on Filaments for 3D Printing of Nasal Septum Cartilage Implant
Authors: Gnatowski Przemysław , Gwizdała Karolina , Kurdyn Agnieszka , Skorek Andrzej , Augustin Ewa , Kucińska-Lipka Justyna
Published: May 2023

Septoplasty is a widely used method in treating deviated septum. Although it is successfully implemented, there are problems with excessive bleeding, septal perforation, or infections. The use of anatomically shaped implants could help overcome these problems. This paper focuses on assessing the possibility of the usage of a nasal septum cartilage implant 3D printed from various market-available filaments. Five different types of laments were used, two of which claim to be suitable for medical use. A combination of modeling, mechanical (bending, compression), structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC, MFR), surface (contact angle), microscopic (optical), degradation (2 M HCl, 5 M NaOH, and 0.01 M PBS), printability, and cell viability (MTT) analyses allowed us to assess the suitability of materials for manufacturing implants. Bioflex had the most applicable properties among the tested materials, but despite the overall good performance, cell viability studies showed toxicity of the material in MTT test. The results of the study show that selected filaments were not suitable for nasal cartilage implants. The poor cell viability of Bioflex could be improved by surface modification. Further research on biocompatible elastic materials for 3D printing is needed either by the synthesis of new materials or by modifying existing ones.
Phosphodiester Stationary Phases as Universal Chromatographic Materials for Separation in RP LC, HILIC, and Pure Aqueous Mobile Phase
Authors: Dembek Mikołaj , Bocian Szymon
Published: May 2023

Modern analytical chemistry techniques meet the need for greater attention to ecological and economic aspects. It is becoming necessary to seek solutions to reduce harmful waste production, especially in large quantities. High-performance liquid chromatography is a technique widely used in many industries, including mainly pharmaceuticals, and requires an approach to reduce the significant amount of organic solvent waste. One of the green chemistry solutions is using environmentally benign substitutes, such as pure water, supercritical dioxide, and ethanol. Our work focuses on the preparation and application of new stationary phases with embedded hydrophilic groups for separations using pure water in liquid chromatography. Polar-embedded stationary phases are obtained by attaching a phosphodiester group and 4 different hydrophobic molecules. The studies consisted of hydrophobicity measurements, concentration dependence of retention of the organic additive to the mobile phase, and chromatographic separations of polar and non-polar substance mixtures in RP-LC and HILIC systems. Three mixtures were studied: purine alkaloids, benzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nucleosides. The stationary phases interact differently with the analytes depending on the attached hydrophobic group. It is possible to use pure water to separate each mixture under study. It is also significant that it has been possible to separate a mixture of completely non-polar compounds using pure water for the first time. The research being carried out is crucial in synthesizing new polar-embedded stationary phases, providing work versatility and high environmental performance.
Improved Oxidation Resistance of Graphite Block by Introducing Curing Process of Phenolic Resin
Authors: Ko Jong-Hwan , Lee Sang-Hye , Roh Jae-Seung
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to improve the oxidation resistance of graphite blocks after graphitization at 2800 °C by introducing a curing process of phenolic resin, used as a binder to control the pore size. Using the methylene index obtained from FTIR, the curing temperature was set to 150 °C, the temperature at which cross-linking most highly occurs. Graphite blocks that had undergone curing, and were carbonized with a slow heating rate, showed increased mechanical and electrical properties. Microstructural observation confirmed that the curing process inhibited the formation of large pores in the graphite block. Therefore, the cured graphite block showed better oxidation resistance in air than a non-cured graphite block. Oxidation of the graphite block was caused by pores created by pyrolysis of the phenolic resin binder, which acted as active sites.
Tool Wear Mechanism and Grinding Performance for Different Cooling-Lubrication Modes in Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Liang Chunyou , Gong Yadong , Zhou Linhu , Qi Yang , Zhang Huan , Zhao Jibin
Published: May 2023

Tool wear introduced during grinding nickel-based superalloys was identified as a significant factor affecting the production quality of aero-engine industries concerning high service performance and high precision. Moreover, uncertainties derived from the various cooling-lubrication modes used in grinding operations complicated the assessment of grinding preformation. Therefore, this work investigated the tool wear mechanisms in grinding nickel-based superalloys that adopted five cooling-lubrication modes and investigated how the wear behaviors affected grinding performance. Results showed that chip-deposits covered some areas on the tool surface under dry grinding and accelerated the tool failure, which produced the highest values of tangential force, 7.46 N, and normal force, 14.1 N. Wedge-shape fractures induced by indentation fatigue were found to be the predominant wear mechanism when grinding nickel-based superalloys under flood cooling mode. The application of minimum quantity lubrication-palm oil (MQL-PO), MQL-multilayer graphene (MQL-MG), and MQL-Al2O3 nanoparticles (MQL-Al2O3) formed lubricity oil-film on the tool surface, which improved the capacity of lubrication in the tool–workpiece contact zone and provided 37%, 30%, and 52% higher coefficient of friction than dry mode, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that lubricated oil-film produced by MQL modes reduces the possibility of fractures of cubic boron nitride (CBN) grits to some extent.
Hot Cracking Behaviors of Mg-Zn-Er Alloys with Different Er Contents
Authors: Liu Yaohong , Wang Zhaohui , Li Shubo , Ding Ning , Liu Ke , Du Wenbo
Published: May 2023

The hot cracking behaviors of Mg-5Zn-xEr (x = 0.83, 1.25, 2.5, 5 wt.%) alloys are investigated by optimized hot cracking experimental apparatus, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope, such as contraction behaviors, feeding behaviors, and permeability characteristics. It is found that the solid phase fraction at hot crack initiation and within the freezing range both increased with increasing Er contents up to 2.5 wt.% and then decreased at 5 wt.% Er content. The Mg-5Zn-5Er alloy exhibits the lowest solid phase fraction (87.4%) and a reduced freezing range (74.2 °C), which leads to more effective liquid feeding in the latter stages of solidification. Combined with the grain size, the permeability of the mushy zone, and fracture morphology, the overall permeability is optimal in the Mg-5Zn-5Er alloy, which is beneficial for feeding the cavities and micro-pores. Meanwhile, a large amount of W phase precipitated by the eutectic reaction (L→α-Mg + W phase), which facilitates healing of the incurred cracking. Conversely, the Mg-5Zn-2.5Er alloy shows inferior feeding ability due to the lowest solid phase fraction (98.3%), wide freezing range (199.5 °C), and lowest permeability. Therefore, the Mg-5Zn-2.5Er alloy exhibits maximal hot cracking susceptibility, and the Mg-5Zn-5Er alloy exhibits minimal hot cracking susceptibility. This work provides guidance for improving the hot cracking resistance of cast Mg-Zn-Er alloy and enables an understanding of the hot cracking behaviors of Mg-Zn-RE alloys.
Renewable k-Out-of-n System with the Component-Wise Strategy of Preventive System Maintenance
Authors: Rykov Vladimir , Kochueva Olga , Zaripova Elvira
Published: May 2023

At the SMARTY-22 conference, a review of the regenerative methods development was presented, including its application to the study of a non-renewable k-out-of-n system. This paper develops the previous study for the renewable k-out-of-n system, including an investigation different preventive maintenance strategies based on the system state observation. We also include the review of Smith’s regeneration idea development. Some new results are presented that form the basis for an algorithm for comparing preventing maintenance strategies with respect to the maximization of the availability factor. A numerical study was conducted for the 4-out-of-6 and 4-out-of-8 models. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of decision making to the shape of the repair time distribution.
Exact Solutions of the Bloch Equations to the Asymmetric Hyperbolic Cosine Pulse with Chirped Frequency
Authors: Grira Sofiane , Boutabba Nadia , Eleuch Hichem
Published: May 2023

In this research study, we derive the exact solutions of the Bloch equations describing the dynamics of a two-level atom with dephasing. In the two-level atom, a strong laser pump couples a ground state to an upper excited state with a time-dependent Rabi-frequency. The exact solutions are given for the atomic population inversion and the real and imaginary parts of the coherence while the input pulse is an asymmetric hyperbolic cosine form. Additionally, the system is under a chirped detuning. The method of solving the Bloch equations analytically is a very tedious part of the research, and as far as we know, there are few exact solutions available in this field. Hence, our solutions might be of great interest to various research areas, including nuclear magnetic resonance, where analytical solutions to the Bloch equations play a major role in the study of the information on the state of the medium as determined by the NMR signals.
Multilingual Multi-Target Stance Recognition in Online Public Consultations
Authors: Barriere Valentin , Balahur Alexandra
Published: May 2023

Machine Learning is an interesting tool for stance recognition in a large-scale context, in terms of data size, but also regarding the topics and themes addressed or the languages employed by the participants. Public consultations of citizens using online participatory democracy platforms offer this kind of setting and are good use cases for automatic stance recognition systems. In this paper, we propose to use three datasets of public consultations, in order to train a model able to classify the stance of a citizen within a text, towards a proposal or a debate question. We studied stance detection in several contexts: using data from an online platform without interactions between users, using multilingual data from online debates that are in one language, and using data from online intra-multilingual debates, which can contain several languages inside the same unique debate discussion. We propose several baselines and methods in order to take advantage of the different available data, by comparing the results of models using out-of-dataset annotations, and binary or ternary annotations from the target dataset. We finally proposed a self-supervised learning method to take advantage of unlabelled data. We annotated both the datasets with ternary stance labels and made them available.
Expected Values of Scalar-Valued Functions of a Complex Wishart Matrix
Authors: Nagar Daya K. , Roldán-Correa Alejandro , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: May 2023

The complex Wishart distribution has ample applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we give explicit expressions for E(tr(Wh))g(tr(Wj))i and E(tr(W−h))g(tr(W−j))i, respectively, for particular values of g, h, i, j, g+h+i+j≤5, where W follows a complex Wishart distribution. For specific values of g, h, i, j, we first write (tr(Wh))g(tr(Wj))i and (tr(W−h))g(tr(W−j))i in terms of zonal polynomials and then by using results on integration evaluate resulting expressions. Several expected values of matrix-valued functions of a complex Wishart matrix have also been derived.
Maximum Power Point Tracker Controller for Solar Photovoltaic Based on Reinforcement Learning Agent with a Digital Twin
Authors: Artetxe Eneko , Uralde Jokin , Barambones Oscar , Calvo Isidro , Martin Imanol
Published: May 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) energy, representing a renewable source of energy, plays a key role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the achievement of a sustainable mix of energy generation. To achieve the maximum solar energy harvest, PV power systems require the implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Traditional MPPT controllers, such as P&O, are easy to implement, but they are by nature slow and oscillate around the MPP losing efficiency. This work presents a Reinforcement learning (RL)-based control to increase the speed and the efficiency of the controller. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), the selected RL algorithm, works with continuous actions and space state to achieve a stable output at MPP. A Digital Twin (DT) enables simulation training, which accelerates the process and allows it to operate independent of weather conditions. In addition, we use the maximum power achieved in the DT to adjust the reward function, making the training more efficient. The RL control is compared with a traditional P&O controller to validate the speed and efficiency increase both in simulations and real implementations. The results show an improvement of 10.45% in total power output and a settling time 24.54 times faster in simulations. Moreover, in real-time tests, an improvement of 51.45% in total power output and a 0.25 s settling time of the DDPG compared with 4.26 s of the P&O is obtained.
On Uniformly S-Multiplication Modules and Rings
Authors: Qi Wei , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: May 2023

In this article, we introduce and study the notions of uniformly S-multiplication modules and rings that are generalizations of multiplication modules and rings. Some examples are given to distinguish the new conceptions with the old classical ones.
The Confluent Hypergeometric Beta Distribution
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Kebe Malick
Published: May 2023

The confluent hypergeometric beta distribution due to Gordy has been known since the 1990s, but not much of is known in terms of its mathematical properties. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive treatment of mathematical properties of the confluent hypergeometric beta distribution. We derive shape properties of its probability density function and expressions for its cumulative distribution function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard rate function, moment generating function, characteristic function, moments, conditional moments, entropies, and stochastic orderings. We also derive procedures for maximum likelihood estimation and assess their finite sample performance. Most of the derived properties are new. Finally, we illustrate two real data applications of the confluent hypergeometric beta distribution.
A Depth-Progressive Initialization Strategy for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lee Xinwei , Xie Ningyi , Cai Dongsheng , Saito Yoshiyuki , Asai Nobuyoshi
Published: May 2023

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is known for its capability and universality in solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. The results yielded by QAOA depend strongly on its initial variational parameters. Hence, parameter selection for QAOA becomes an active area of research, as bad initialization might deteriorate the quality of the results, especially at great circuit depths. We first discuss the patterns of optimal parameters in QAOA in two directions: the angle index and the circuit depth. Then, we discuss the symmetries and periodicity of the expectation that is used to determine the bounds of the search space. Based on the patterns in optimal parameters and the bounds restriction, we propose a strategy that predicts the new initial parameters by taking the difference between the previous optimal parameters. Unlike most other strategies, the strategy we propose does not require multiple trials to ensure success. It only requires one prediction when progressing to the next depth. We compare this strategy with our previously proposed strategy and the layerwise strategy for solving the Max-cut problem in terms of the approximation ratio and the optimization cost. We also address the non-optimality in previous parameters, which is seldom discussed in other works despite its importance in explaining the behavior of variational quantum algorithms.
A Novel Solution Approach for Time-Fractional Hyperbolic Telegraph Differential Equation with Caputo Time Differentiation
Authors: Alaroud Mohammad , Alomari Abedel-Karrem , Tahat Nedal , Al-Omari Shrideh , Ishak Anuar
Published: May 2023

In the current analysis, a specific efficient and applicable novel solution approach, based on a fractional power series technique and Laplace transform operator, is considered to predict certain accurate approximate solutions (ASs) for a time-fractional hyperbolic telegraph equation by aid of time-fractional derivatives in a Caputo sense. The solutions are obtained in a fractional Maclurian series formula by solving the original problem in the Laplace space aided by a limit concept having fewer small iterations than the classical fractional power series technique. To confirm applicability and feasibility of the proposed approach, three appropriate initial value problems are considered. Consequently, some simulations of gained outcomes are numerically and graphically implemented to support the effect of the fractional-order parameter on the geometric behavior of the obtained solutions. In addition, graphical representations are also fulfilled to verify the convergence analysis of the fractional series solutions of the classical solution. The proposed technique is therefore proposed to be a straightforward, accurate and powerful approach for handling varied time-fractional models in various physical phenomena.
Influence of an 8-Week Exercise Program on Physical, Emotional, and Mental Health in Saudi Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gmmash Afnan , Alonazi Asma , Almaddah Muataz , Alkhateeb Afnan , Sabir Ohud , Alqabbani Samiah
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Physical activity is essential for adolescents to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of an 8-week exercise program and motivation on physical activity levels, self-motivation, and mental well-being of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the impact of virtual coaching on physical, emotional, and mental health after an eight-week exercise program was examined. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven participants, 18 females (67%) and 9 males (33%), with a mean age of 14 ± 2.38 years, were enrolled in eight weeks of pre- and post-intervention between June and August of 2021. The physical activity scale, situational motivation scale, mental health continuum short form, and baseline assessments were completed before and after the eight-week program. The program recommended that adolescents practice aerobic, resistance, and weight-bearing exercises for 60 min daily. Paired mean t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-test results. Results: Participants showed an acceptable physical activity level (5.5 ± 1.4) on a 10-point scale with a significant improvement after the eight-week program (7 ± 1.5; p = 0.013). The situational motivation scale improved from 38.1 ± 16 to 26 ± 19.6 (p = 0.042). The mental health continuum (social and psychological well-being) also significantly improved. Participants who received weekly phone calls showed similar improvement patterns but were not significantly different from those who did not receive calls. Conclusions: A virtually delivered 8-week exercise program for adolescents improved their physical, motivational, and mental health. Providing additional weekly phone calls does not provide additional improvement. Providing adolescents with the needed supervision and motivation enhances their physical activity and mental health.
Finnish Police Supervisors’ Conceptions of Workplace Learning and Its Sustainability
Authors: Lumiala Annamaria , Collin Kaija Marjukka
Published: May 2023

Workplace learning (WPL) is a complex phenomenon involving the intertwined processes of working and learning. Recent studies have shown the importance of sustainable perspectives in WPL situations. In the literature, sustainable development is still predominantly referred to environmental, economic and social sustainability. In this study, sustainable perspectives denote the widespread use of previous knowledge, the rapid application of new knowledge and the effects of this knowledge on well-being, thus leaning on human sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine conceptions of WPL among Finnish police supervisors and to reveal whether sustainable learning perspectives manifest. Eight thematic interviews were analysed using phenomenographic and theory-driven content analyses. The analysis produced six main categories of WPL, and sustainable learning perspectives manifested in all categories. This study confirms previous findings regarding WPL and presents similarities in sustainable learning perspectives to those found in previous research. Learning outcomes can be improved by understanding WPL conceptions and sustainable learning perspectives; thus, the findings of this study can help organisations, supervisors and human resources better plan and implement sustainable WPL possibilities for employees and their careers.
Characterization of Nanosized Carbide Precipitates in Multiple Microalloyed Press Hardening Steels
Authors: Mohrbacher Hardy , Bacchi Linda , Ischia Gloria , Gialanella Stefano , Tedesco Michele , D'Aiuto Fabio , Valentini Renzo
Published: May 2023

Press hardening steel standardly relies on titanium microalloying for protecting boron from being tied up by residual nitrogen. This practice safeguards the hardenability effect of boron during die quenching. More recently, additional microalloying elements were added to press hardening steel to further improve properties and service performance. Niobium was found to induce microstructural refinement, leading to better toughness, bendability, and hydrogen embrittlement resistance. In that respect, niobium also extends the operating window of the press hardening process. Vanadium microalloying has been proposed to provide hydrogen trapping by its carbide precipitates. A recently developed press hardening steel employs all three microalloying elements in an attempt to further enhance performance. The current study analyses the microstructure of such multiple microalloyed press hardening steel, and compares it to the standard grade. Particularly, the effect of various heat treatments is investigated, indicating that the multiple microalloyed steel is more resistant against grain coarsening. TEM analysis is used to identify the various particle species formed in the steels, to track their formation, and to determine their size distributions. Nanosized microalloy carbide particles typically comprise a mixed composition involving niobium, titanium, and vanadium. Furthermore, these precipitates are incoherent to the matrix. Regarding tensile properties, it is found that the multiple microalloyed press hardening steel is superior to the standard grade.
RETRACTED: Barbillon, G. Plasmonic Nanostructures Prepared by Soft UV Nanoimprint Lithography and Their Application in Biological Sensing. Micromachines 2012, 3, 21–27
Authors: Barbillon Grégory
Published: May 2023

The journal Micromachines retracts article [...]
Research Progresses on the Function and Detection Methods of Insect Gut Microbes
Authors: Li Yazi , Chang Liyun , Xu Ke , Zhang Shuhong , Gao Fengju , Fan Yongshan
Published: May 2023

The insect gut is home to an extensive array of microbes that play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. The variety of these gut microbes is impacted by factors such as age, diet, pesticides, antibiotics, sex, and caste. Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances in the gut microbiota can lead to compromised insect health, and that its diversity has a far-reaching impact on the host’s health. In recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques to conduct rapid, qualitative, and quantitative research on the host intestinal microbial diversity has become a major focus, thanks to the advancement of metagenomics and bioinformatics technologies. This paper reviews the main functions, influencing factors, and detection methods of insect gut microbes, in order to provide a reference and theoretical basis for better research utilization of gut microbes and management of harmful insects.
Structural and Functional Changes in Soybean Protein via Remote Plasma Treatments
Authors: Kim Hyun-Joo , Bae Jin Hee , Lee Seonmin , Kim Jinwoo , Jung Samooel , Jo Cheorun , Lee Jin Young , Seo Jung Hyun , Park Sanghoo
Published: May 2023

To the best of our knowledge, few studies have utilized cold plasma to improve soybean protein extraction yield and the functional properties of soybean protein. In this study, we aimed to assess the benefits of remote plasma treatments on soybean with respect to the utilization of soybean protein. This study involved two different sample forms (whole and crushed beans), two different plasma chemistry modes (ozone and nitrogen oxides [NOx = NO + NO2]), and a novel pressure-swing reactor. Crushed soybeans were significantly affected by NOx-mode plasma treatment. Crushed soybeans treated with NOx-mode plasma had the best outcomes, wherein the protein extraction yield increased from 31.64% in the control to 37.90% after plasma treatment. The water binding capacity (205.50%) and oil absorption capacity (267.67%) of plasma-treated soybeans increased to 190.88% and 246.23 % of the control, respectively. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability slightly increased compared to those of the control. The secondary structure and surface hydrophobicity were altered. The remote plasma treatment of crushed soybeans increased soybean protein extraction yield compared to plasma-treated whole beans as well as untreated beans and altered the structural and physicochemical properties of soybean proteins.
Optimization of the Extraction Methodology of Grape Pomace Polyphenols for Food Applications
Authors: Moutinho Joana , Gouvinhas Irene , Domínguez-Perles Raúl , Barros Ana
Published: May 2023

This study aims to take advantage of the wine industry by-products and extract bioactive compounds from grape pomace by applying methodologies susceptible to be integrated easily into industrial workflows because of the association with standard instrumentation and facilities, while the main factors affecting the efficiency of the process have been optimized. The sampling consisted of two grape varieties: ‘Touriga Nacional’ and ‘Sousão’. A response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to optimize the extraction conditions based on three independent variables according to the chemical characteristics and stability/lability traits associated with polyphenols; the main bioactive phytochemical in grape pomace: solvent (50%, 70%, and 90% ethanol); temperature (20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C); and pH (0.5% HCl, 2% HCl, and 3.5% HCl). The phytochemical profile, as well as the radical scavenging and reducing powers were determined on 27 different samples. The highest yield and antioxidant activity corresponded to extracts obtained at 60 °C using 3.5% HCl and 70% ethanol. The values for total phenols and flavonoids were 44.93 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and 22.95 mg of catechins equivalents (CE) per gram, respectively. Concerning the evaluation of antioxidant capacity using various assays such as ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, the results obtained were 0.30, 0.43, and 0.36 mmol of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) per gram, correspondingly. The analysis of the extract obtained with the best extraction performance using these parameters via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry has been also performed, allowing us to identify fourteen (14) compounds, including phenolic acids (n = 3), flavonols (n = 7), and anthocyanins (n = 4). As a result of this process, the best conditions for the production of a natural and environmentally friendly dye, not only avoiding waste but also reusing these by-products, were achieved.
Enzymatic Synthesis of α-Glucosyl-Baicalin through Transglucosylation via Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase in Water
Authors: Lambert Carole , Lemagnen Perrine , Don Simoni Eglantine , Hubert Jane , Kotland Alexis , Paulus Chantal , De Bizemont Audrey , Bernard Sylvie , Humeau Anne , Auriol Daniel , Reynaud Romain
Published: May 2023

Baicalin is a biologically active flavone glucuronide with poor water solubility that can be enhanced via glucosylation. In this study, the transglucosylation of baicalin was successfully achieved with CGTases from Thermoanaerobacter sp. and Bacillus macerans using α-cyclodextrin as a glucosyl donor. The synthesis of baicalin glucosides was optimized with CGTase from Thermoanaerobacter sp. Enzymatically modified baicalin derivatives were α-glucosylated with 1 to 17 glucose moieties. The two main glucosides were identified as Baicalein-7-O-α-D-Glucuronidyl-(1→4′)-O-α-D-Glucopyranoside (BG1) and Baicalein-7-O-α-D-Glucuronidyl-(1→4′)-O-α-D-Maltoside (BG2), thereby confirming recent findings reporting that glucuronyl groups are acceptors of this CGTase. Optimized conditions allowed for the attainment of yields above 85% (with a total glucoside content higher than 30 mM). BG1 and BG2 were purified via centrifugal partition chromatography after an enrichment through deglucosylation with amyloglucosidase. Transglucosylation increased the water solubility of BG1 by a factor of 188 in comparison to that of baicalin (molar concentrations), while the same value for BG2 was increased by a factor of 320. Finally, BG1 and BG2 were evaluated using antioxidant and anti-glycation assays. Both glucosides presented antioxidant and anti-glycation properties in the same order of magnitude as that of baicalin, thereby indicating their potential biological activity.
Reversed HILIC Gradient: A Powerful Strategy for On-Line Comprehensive 2D-LC
Authors: Chapel Soraya , Rouvière Florent , Guillarme Davy , Heinisch Sabine
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of reversed hydrophilic interaction chromatography (revHILIC) mode in liquid chromatography (LC). This chromatographic mode consists of combining a highly polar stationary phase (bare silica) with a gradient varying from very low (1–5%) to high (40%) acetonitrile content (reversed gradient compared to HILIC). The retention behavior of revHILIC was first compared with that of reversed-phase LC (RPLC) and HILIC using representative mixtures of peptides and pharmaceutical compounds. It appears that the achievable selectivity can be ranked in the order RPLC > revHILIC > HILIC with the two different samples. Next, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) conditions were evaluated by combining RPLC, revHILIC, or HILIC with RPLC in an on-line comprehensive (LC × LC) mode. evHILIC × RPLC not only showed impressive performance in terms of peak capacity and sensitivity, but also provided complementary selectivity compared to RPLC × RPLC and HILIC × RPLC. Indeed, both the elution order and the retention time range differ significantly between the three techniques. In conclusion, there is no doubt that revHILIC should be considered as a viable option for 2D-LC analysis of small molecules and also peptides.
Different In Silico Approaches Using Heterocyclic Derivatives against the Binding between Different Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2
Authors: Sipala Federica , Cavallaro Gianfranco , Forte Giuseppe , Satriano Cristina , Giuffrida Alessandro , Fraix Aurore , Spadaro Angelo , Petralia Salvatore , Bonaccorso Carmela , Fortuna Cosimo Gianluca , Ronsisvalle Simone
Published: May 2023

Over the last few years, the study of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its mutations has become essential in understanding how it interacts with human host receptors. Since the crystallized structure of the spike protein bound to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was released (PDB code 6M0J), in silico studies have been performed to understand the interactions between these two proteins. Specifically, in this study, heterocyclic compounds with different chemical characteristics were examined to highlight the possibility of interaction with the spike protein and the disruption of the interaction between ACE2 and the spike protein. Our results showed that these compounds interacted with the spike protein and interposed in the interaction zone with ACE2. Although further studies are needed, this work points to these heterocyclic push–pull compounds as possible agents capable of interacting with the spike protein, with the potential for the inhibition of spike protein–ACE2 binding.
Catalytic Nanomedicine as a Therapeutic Approach to Brain Tumors: Main Hypotheses for Mechanisms of Action
Authors: López-Goerne Tessy , Padilla-Godínez Francisco
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the brain. Although there are currently a wide variety of therapeutic approaches focused on tumor elimination, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor field therapy, among others, the main approach involves surgery to remove the GBM. However, since tumor growth occurs in normal brain tissue, complete removal is impossible, and patients end up requiring additional treatments after surgery. In this line, Catalytic Nanomedicine has achieved important advances in developing bionanocatalysts, brain-tissue-biocompatible catalytic nanostructures capable of destabilizing the genetic material of malignant cells, causing their apoptosis. Previous work has demonstrated the efficacy of bionanocatalysts and their selectivity for cancer cells without affecting surrounding healthy tissue cells. The present review provides a detailed description of these nanoparticles and their potential mechanisms of action as antineoplastic agents, covering the most recent research and hypotheses from their incorporation into the tumor bed, internalization via endocytosis, specific chemotaxis by mitochondrial and nuclear genetic material, and activation of programmed cell death. In addition, a case report of a patient with GBM treated with the bionanocatalysts following tumor removal surgery is described. Finally, the gaps in knowledge that must be bridged before the clinical translation of these compounds with such a promising future are detailed.
Impact of Iodine Electrodeposition on Nanoporous Carbon Electrode Determined by EQCM, XPS and In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Fitzek Harald , Sterrer Martin , Knez Daniel , Schranger Horst , Sarapulova Angelina , Dsoke Sonia , Schroettner Hartmuth , Kothleitner Gerald , Gollas Bernhard , Abbas Qamar
Published: May 2023

The charging of nanoporous carbon via electrodeposition of solid iodine from iodide-based electrolyte is an efficient and ecofriendly method to produce battery cathodes. Here, the interactions at the carbon/iodine interface from first contact with the aqueous electrolyte to the electrochemical polarization conditions in a hybrid cell are investigated by a combination of in situ and ex situ methods. EQCM investigations confirm the flushing out of water from the pores during iodine formation at the positive electrode. XPS of the carbon surface shows irreversible oxidation at the initial electrolyte immersion and to a larger extent during the first few charge/discharge cycles. This leads to the creation of functional groups at the surface while further reactive sites are consumed by iodine, causing a kind of passivation during a stable cycling regime. Two sources of carbon electrode structural modifications during iodine formation in the nanopores have been revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, (i) charge transfer and (ii) mechanical strain, both causing reversible changes and thus preventing performance deterioration during the long-term cycling of energy storage devices that use iodine-charged carbon electrodes.
Direct Synthesis of Vertical Self-Assembly Oriented Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Gallium Nitride and Ultrahigh Photoresponse Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Peng Yi , Yang Yufei , Xiao Kai , Yang Yanlian , Ding Haoran , Deng Jianyu , Sun Wenhong
Published: May 2023

The applications of three-dimensional materials combined with two-dimensional materials are attractive for constructing high-performance electronic and photoelectronic devices because of their remarkable electronic and optical properties. However, traditional preparation methods usually involve mechanical transfer, which has a complicated process and cannot avoid contamination. In this work, chemical vapor deposition was proposed to vertically synthesize self-assembly oriented hexagonal boron nitride on gallium nitride directly. The material composition, crystalline quality and orientation were investigated using multiple characterization methods. Thermal conductivity was found to be enhanced twofold in the h-BN incorporated sample by using the optothermal Raman technique. A vertical-ordered (VO)h-BN/GaN heterojunction photodetector was produced based on the synthesis. The photodetector exhibited a high ultraviolet photoresponsivity of up to 1970.7 mA/W, and detectivity up to 2.6 × 1013 Jones, and was stable in harsh high temperature conditions. Our work provides a new synthesis method to prepare h-BN on GaN-based materials directly, and a novel vertically oriented structure of VO-h-BN/GaN heterojunction, which has great application potential in optoelectronic devices.
Comment on Bischoff et al. The Effects of the Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) on Tumor Formation and Gene Expression in the Colon of a Transgenic Mouse Model for Colorectal Cancer. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1256
Authors: Kaminski Norbert E. , Cohen Samuel M.
Published: May 2023

The publication by Bischoff et al., 2022 [...]