bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tendencies and Ways of Development of Unitary Enterprises
Authors: Savitsky K.
Published: March 2019

The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:

- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;

- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);

- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.

On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
S. Valentei, L. Nesterov. Society Development in the Theory of Social Alternatives
Authors: Kudrov V.
Published: March 2019

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Contractual Savings for Housing: A Mortgage Institution for Russia
Authors: Polterovich V. , Starkov O. , Chrenykh E.
Published: March 2019

The paper argues that introduction of сontractual savings for housing (CSH) - bausparkassen and building and loan cooperatives - is an essential institutional stage in the process of mass mortgage market formation. An attempt to skip over it is a costly mistake and almost doomed to failure. Given an active government support CSH become a primary school of saving and loan behavior for millions and an effective tool for selection and education of steady borrowers for the banking system. In a short period of time they allow to increase substantially aggregate savings. CSH facilitate people's access to credit market and its further institutional evolution. To prove these conclusions the authors investigate specific features of housing markets, the role of CSH in development of housing finances in advanced economies, analyze recent experience of East European countries and numerous attempts to create the mortgage market in Russia in 1992-2003.
Marx’s Heritage and the Modern Economic Science (The “Round Table” of “Voprosy Economiki”)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2019

The "round table" held by "Voprosy Economiki" was devoted to urgency of Marx's scientific heritage. The articles by E. Gaidar and V. Mau, A. Buzgalin and A. Kolganov, L. Grebnev published in 2004 were in the focus of discussion. The session was conducted by the editor-in-chief academician L. Abalkin. Theoretical questions of the importance of K. Marx's and F. Engels' contribution in the world economic science, of modern opportunities of using marxist approach, of adequacy of the labor theory of value and the theory of surplus value were debated. Opinions differed: a number of participants supported Marx's economic concepts while others spoke about its conformity to realities of XIX century, and not those of the end of XX - the beginning of XXI centuries. The question of dogmatism of Marx's doctrine and the necessity of its creative revisionism was also risen. The question of "liberal marxism" as a basis for further development of modern liberalism was actively discussed. Certain attention was paid to the problem of "secular religiousness" of marxism - its acceptance as the official national ideology and its spreading as a specific religion among the population. The first part of the session is introduced including the presentations by O. Ananyin, S. Dzarasov, T. Oizerman, G. Bagaturiya, A. Chepurenko, V. Kulikov, V. Mezhuev, M. Voeikov, G. Gloveli, V. Kudrov, L. Vasina.
Reflections on V. I. Vernadsky’s Family Tree
Authors: Abalkin L.
Published: March 2019

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Shinkarenko P. V. Phoenix Newborn. Sketches of Russia’s Free Economic Society’s Activities in 1765–2005
Authors: Shmakov M.
Published: March 2019

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Economic Measurement and Fundamental Theory
Authors: Maevsky V.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses one of the fundamental problems of economic science - the problem of measuring dynamics of inflation and real product. It is argued that the conventional approach according to which inflation can be measured with so called general price index is theoretically unsound because it contradicts the essence of money as the universal measure of value of commodities and services. Inflation as a money phenomenon must be measured not with general but with particular price index, which determines movement of prices in the group of commodities and services, the needs in which have reached the level of saturation. This result is especially topical under acceleration of the quality change growth in the economy.
Economics in Business Education
Authors: Rosanova N. , Savitskaya E.
Published: March 2019

The article summarizes main achievements in teaching methods of economics that being applied in business schools can help improve efficiency of economic education. More active advanced methods such as case studies, discussions, open essay type questions are used to stimulate analytical way of economic thinking.
Private Education in Post-industrial Society
Authors: Popov V.
Published: March 2019

The specifics of private education is considered in the article. The author points out that the most relevant characteristic of this system in post-industrial society is its independence. Only independent private education can offer a non-standard approach allowing to individualize the process of education.
Budgetary Reform in Russia: the First Results and Possible Prospects
Authors: Afanasiev Mst. , Krivogov I.
Published: March 2019

The Russian government’s approval in May 2004 of the Concept of the Budget Process Reform started the budget reform that aims to refocus the budget process from cost to performance management. In the article the authors analyze different aspects of introduction of performance based budgeting methods in Russian practice as well as bottlenecks the budget reform faced at the first stage of its implementation: financing and management of federal target programs of social and economic development; assessment and control of the efficiency of budget outlays, etc.
Higher Education Economy in Russia: Evolution of Legal Forms and Norms
Authors: Grebnev L.
Published: March 2019

After 1991 the legislative basis of education economy in Russia has evolved from late-Soviet constrained subjectiveness not to full subjectiveness but to its elimination. The legislature didn’t mark the difference between legal and economic norms, between the free character of education and its accessibility. As the author points out, the activity of all branches of state power in this sphere has committed deviations from constitutional norms as well as related federal codes and laws and their practical realization. These deviations have not allowed the educational system to function adequately. Some measures on improving the situation are considered in the article.
Labor Motivation: Transformation of the Theoretical and Methodological Knowledge Structure and Cognitive and Value Approach
Authors: Kaz M.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article is to justify the formation of a new approach to labor motivation, exceeding the limits of the rational schemes and models of economic behavior. It is based on the research of conformity of economic knowledge dynamics. It is determined as cognitive value approach. The author demonstrates the possibilities of the method of constructs and factor analysis in studying different points of view in economics.
Development of Land-Property Relations in the City
Authors: Glovatskaya N. , Kozlova S. , Lazurenko S.
Published: March 2019

The problems of formation of land-property relations in the cities of Russia are considered in the article. Potential social-economic effects of the use of land and necessary conditions for their realization are analysed. The opportunity of different losses for businessmen and investors, population and the urban system as a whole are shown. Special attention is paid to the questions of economic regulation of land relations. In particular the necessity of using the ground-rent theory in the sphere of valuation of urban land and the correction on this basis of the taxation system is justified. By means of statistic methods the relationships of indices characterizing the activity on the land and investment markets in the regional context are estimated.
The Impact of Property Characteristics on Economic Performance of Russian Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R. , Demina N.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides new survey evidence on effects of concentrated ownership upon investment and performance in Russian industrial enterprises. Authors trace major changes in their ownership profile, assess pace of post-privatization redistribution of shareholdings and provide evidence on ownership concentration in the Russian industry. The major econometric findings are that the first largest shareholding is negatively associated with the firm’s investment and performance but surprisingly the second largest shareholding is positively associated with them. Moreover, these relationships do not depend on identity of majority shareholders. These results are consistent with the assumption that the entrenched controlling owners are engaged in extracting "control premium" but sizable shareholdings accumulated by other blockholders may put brakes on their expropriating behavior and thus be conductive for efficiency enhancing. The most interesting topic for further more detailed analysis is formation, stability and roles of coalitions of large blockholders in the corporate sector of post-socialist countries.
Economic Integration in the Post-Soviet Space: Institutional Aspect
Authors: Libman A.
Published: March 2019

The paper is based on the concept of integration as "integration of markets". It identifies factors, which make post-Soviet governments take suboptimal decisions to deny integration, despite significant resources of social integration. For this purpose three concepts of institutions are used - rational choice institutionalism, social constructivism institutionalism and mediated-conflict institutionalism. The paper analyses possible mechanisms of institutional design for common economic space. It considers relations between disintegration of the post-Soviet space and internal disintegration of markets in the CIS countries due to the deficit of trust and the deficit of law.
The Economic Legacy of Hyman Minsky (Global Financial Fragility and Crisis: Lessons for Russia)
Authors: Nesvetailova A.
Published: March 2019

Thematically, the article contributes and aims to advance current debates on the political economy of global finance and international financial crisis, drawing in on the academic legacy of Hyman Minsky and his contemporary followers. Methodologically, it advances Minskyan financial instability hypothesis to the analysis of the increased fragility in global financial capitalism and specifically, of the financial crises of the late 1990s-early 2000s. Grounded in Keynesian tradition of political economy, Minsky's analysis of financial instability and crises - features endemic in capitalism - is enlightening not only for those interested in the economic history of the 20th century. His methodological insights and political conclusions provide a fertile ground for elaboration in the context of recurrent financial crises and the present-day nature of financial capitalism. This essay reveals major sources of in-built systemic fragility of financial structures in capitalist economies generally, and in the Russian case in particular.
E-Market of State Purchases in Russia
Authors: Ryabtsun V.
Published: March 2019

Legal basis and development of systems of electronic state purchases in Russia with special attention to the federal target program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)" are considered in the article. The level of development of such systems is examined within the case of their functioning in the Ural-Siberian region. The results of the work of state purchases e-market in Novosibirsk and Chelyabinsk are presented.
Management of Equation of the Federal Budget: Foreign Debt to Russia
Authors: Afanasiev Mst. , Krivogov I.
Published: March 2019

The quality of state budget planning and implementation process is directly connected with issues of management of foreign state debt and foreign financial assets. The article analyzes legal regulation of foreign debt management issues in Russia, the structure of its public debt and debt of foreign states to Russia. Possible schemes of debt restructuring including write-off, buy-back, several types of conversion and securitization are described. Principles of foreign debt settlement and Russia's participation in the Paris Club are presented. The article also deals with practical problems of settlement of foreign debts owed to Russia.
Evolution of Antimonopoly Policy in Russia: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Rozanova N.
Published: March 2019

The evolution of antimonopoly policy in Russia is analyzed. The positive nature of policy transformation is stressed: it has been evolving from purely prohibitive measures towards monopolies in the 1990s to a more reasonable approach in terms of recommendations and ex ante regulations. Russian antimonopoly policy is being transformed to competition policy with broader view on inter-firms interactions and industrial organization.
Management in the XXI Century: Scientific Quest / Ed. by V. I. Vidyapin
Authors: Vilensky A.
Published: March 2019

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Institutions: From Import to Raising (Lessons from the Russian Reforms and Opportunities for Cultivation of Institutional Change)
Authors: Kuzminov Ya. , Radaev V. , Yakovlev A. , Yasin E.
Published: March 2019

Estimating the outcomes of the Russian reforms, the authors suggest the idea of raising of institutions. This insight opposes to the concept of radical institutional changes and the concept of strong institutional inertia. An approach to institutional reforms which is confined to the adoption of "good laws" is criticized. It is pointed out that special continuous efforts should be made for achieving embeddedness of new institutions, diminishing institutional gaps, providing institutional complementarity, and building up a balance of social forces to ensure the success of institutional reforms.
The Efficiency of Big and Small Business in Agriculture
Authors: Uzun V.
Published: March 2019

The study is focused on up-to-date tendencies in the development of big and small business in Russian agriculture, their characteristics and adaptation to the market. The impact of economic and ethnographic factors as well as climate conditions and agrarian policy on the development of big and small business in agriculture is analyzed. The author offers the typology of regional agrarian structures of Russian Federation and presents the results of the comparative efficiency analysis of utilization of land and labor by corporate, private farm and subsidiary farm sectors in Russian agriculture.
Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs
Authors: Serova E. , Shick O.
Published: March 2019

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.
Post-Socialist Privatization and Corporate Governance in the Light of Coase Theorem
Authors: Erznkian B.
Published: March 2019

Problems of verification of Coase theorem in general and in connection with post-socialist privatization and corporate governance in particular are considered in this article. The author discusses the position of W. Andreff presented in his paper (VE, 2001, No 12). The appeal to this theorem is actual because it has been used as the justification of post-socialist economies' privatization methods. Orthodox and heterodox views on privatization and corporate governance are explored. The author analyzes the reasons of reform failures in transitional economies and the ways of emerging markets development basing on two different models - oriented on stock market or banking activity.
Employment in Russian Households
Authors: Kapelyushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper discusses one of the most peculiar forms of non-standard employment in the Russian labor market - engagement in personal subsidiary agriculture. Using microdata from the Russian labor force surveys the author provides quantitative estimates of employment and hours worked in this sector. According to his findings accounting for subsistence farmers raises employment-population ratio in Russia by 10 percentage points and it turns out one of the highest in the world. Special attention is paid to description of social and demographic characteristics of persons involved in domestic agriculture. The dynamics of agricultural household production over the post-reform period is analyzed and its contribution to household consumption is estimated. The main conclusion is that for such highly industrialized and urbanized country as Russia the situation when at the peak of the agricultural season about half of its adult population works on personal subsidiary plots of lands is fairly surprising and serves as the evidence of huge waste of available labor resources.
“QWERTY-effects”, “Path Dependence” and the Law of Hierarchic Compensations
Authors: Tsirel S.
Published: March 2019

The concepts of the "QWERTY-effects" and "path dependence" are close to the cybernetic law of hierarchic compensations which refines the law of requisite variety. The law states that in a complex hierarchic system the variety of forms at higher levels of a structure is in inverse proportion to that at its lower levels. On the basis of closeness of these concepts conditions of unification and disintegration of standards and institutions are considered. These are illustrated by the analysis of several particular cases.
Marking Time? (On the Book by O. Shkaratan “Russian Order: The Vector of Changes”)
Authors: Grebnev L.
Published: March 2019

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Innovation Management in Russia: Problems of Strategy and Science and Technology Security
Authors: Maevsky V.
Published: March 2019

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Mainstream: Potential and Scientific Criticism
Authors: Rudakova I.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the basic gnoseological and methodological aspects of critical analysis of neoclassical theory as well as the consequences of such analysis from the point of view of the development of neoclassical paradigm and the construction of alternative theoretical models. Special attention is paid to the basic concept of neoclassics - perfect competition. It's role as a methodological foundation of most neoclassical hypotheses and a theoretical model reflecting several phenomena of modern economy is considered. In the post-industrial economy based on electronic communications a number of functions and features of perfect competition are revived.
Oil, Rates and Inflation
Authors: Yasin E.
Published: March 2019

Currency inflow in Russia from raw materials exports allows taking into account high business activity to assimilate growing money supply transforming it into economic growth. Fall in business activity as a result of pressure on business led to saturation of demand for money. This considerably increases the danger of inflation growth and requires sterilization of excess money supply including the usage of the Stabilization Fund. According to the author's estimates, corresponding losses in GDP growth will equal 1-2 percentage points per year.
Present State of Moscow Industry and Ways of Its Development
Authors: Panteleev E.
Published: March 2019

The article assesses the present state of Moscow industry. Key economic indicators that determine its potential as well as the problems, which reduce the opportunities of its development, are considered. The author specifies the main priorities and instruments of industrial activity regulation on the part of Moscow Government aimed at improving competitive capacity and building-up a new image of the city's industry. The necessity to activate and consolidate the efforts at all levels of the government authority in order to support industrial activity is also noted.
Reforming Natural Monopolies: Theory and Practice
Authors: Deryabina M.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the new theoretical approaches to natural monopoly. It describes essential features of the appropriate branches of economy. The role of the state in the regulation of natural monopolies in the developed and transition economies is also analyzed. The author compares the advantages and shortcomings of various institutional alternatives of organization of natural monopolies functioning as well as the perspectives of public-private partnership in this sphere. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Russian natural monopolies reforms.
Non-standard Employment and the Russian Labor Market
Authors: Gimpelson V. , Kapeliushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on diversification and destandartization of employment in the Russian economy. The authors discuss global and objective preconditions for this process but underline a few specific features of the Russian case. The latter are due to the market transition as well as to incomplete and selective enforcement of the excessively restrictive employment protection legislation. This explains high incidence of household-based subsistence farming, underemployment, time-related overemployment, informal employment against low level of formal contracts for fixed-term or part-time employment. Using representative data the authors illustrate all major forms of non-standard employment in Russia that have evolved since 1992.
Is Private Property in Russia Really Private? (Possible Scenarios of Business’ Development)
Authors: Popadyuk N.
Published: March 2019

The characteristics of private property in Russia are analyzed in the article from the political economy point of view. To the author's opinion, the specifics of private property could not have been identified and solved appropriately: the reason is that the highest level of the development of private property - the property on means of production - has not been formed during Russia’s history. That is why adequate institutions of private law as marginal forms of legal consciousness in civil and business spheres could not be established. Real business law is different from the formal legal one. The major cause of such incompliance within de jure and de facto economic norms is the difference between basic economic structures: property on means of production - power-ownership in Russia - and western private property. Understanding of this helps to define problems and possible scenarios of business’ development in Russia.
The Theory of Inflation in Russia in Retrospect
Authors: Olshevskiy V.
Published: March 2019

The article considers evolution of the inflation theory in Russian economic science of the XX century, using a lot of historical documents. The author compares different views on inflation and analyzes their connection to the progress in understanding inflation as a phenomenon of economic life.
Today and Tomorrow of the Russian Banking System
Authors: Zrazhevsky V.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to actual questions of the Russian banking system trsnsformation. The author pays special attention to the specifics of the most demanded directions of banking business development. The analysis of the development of various groups of Russian financial institutions and the estimated forecast of changes of forms and methods of their activity are offered in the article. The author proposes a number of effective measures on perfection of the strategy of the domestic banking system.
Transnational Banks and Financial Institutions: The Essence and Strategy of Development
Authors: Yakovleva A.
Published: March 2019

The article considers various aspects of the activity of transnational banks (TNB) and their differences from national banks. Special attention is paid to principles of TNB functioning, policies and strategies of development, types of activity and examples of services as well as basic risks and methods of their overcoming. Development of transnational banks in the world is illustrated with the example of Citibank. Studying the experience of TNB activity is very useful for the Russian banking community.
Bureau of Credit Histories: Problems and Prospects of Development
Authors: Markov M.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems arising with introducing the system of the Bureau of Credit Histories. Basic definitions are presented, theoretical and practical issues concerning BCH functioning in Russia and in the world are considered. The conclusion is made that this system allows for decreasing risks for all participants of the credit process.
Gambling Business: Pro et Contra
Authors: Temny Yu. , Stalnaya V.
Published: March 2019

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Russia's Economic Security. The General Course: A Textbook / Ed. by V. K. Senchagov
Authors: Belousov R.
Published: March 2019

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Academician T. S. Khachaturov - Economist, Pedagogue and Public Figure
Authors: Abalkin L.
Published: March 2019

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Composition of Russian Employment: Specifics and Dynamics
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper examines industrial, occupational and educational characteristics of Russian employment. The author indicates that although in the post-reform period there were deep and fast changes in the composition of the Russian workforce in some crucial respects it continues to differ substantially from that in many other mature and transition market economies. The paper provides a series of quantitative estimates of the impact that shifts in industrial and occupational structure have exerted on shifts in educational structure of employment. Its main findings suggest that since the mid 1990s the evolution of the educational system in Russia has become mostly autonomous and lost any systematic relationship with economic restructuring, with changes in distribution of workers by industries and occupations.
On the Role of Statistic Characteristics of the Profit Rate in the Government Regulation of the Economy
Authors: Ulyanov I.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to studying profitability, taking into account the interests of the state and firms. This analysis involves the problem of the balanced taxation of wages and profits. The author pays special attention to the differences between the said approaches in analyzing the statistic characteristics of the profit rate.
Ecological Rent: Essence, Varieties, Forms
Authors: Veklich O.
Published: March 2019

The essence of ecological rent as an economic category has been considered. The modern forms of its realization (absolute, monopolistic, differential I, II and III) are revealed and defined. The varieties of ecological rent are examined in connection with other components of economic rent.
Problems of Ecological Policy
Authors: Galashev A. , Galasheva A.
Published: March 2019

Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing due to all growing anthropogenous emissions. It influences the climate more and more strongly. Economic approaches should improve economic efficiency of investments. Gradual increase of the carbon tax regulates distribution of the rights of generations to emissions of greenhouse gases. The market of carbon dioxide, in which Russia plays one of the basic roles, begins to form in Europe. The statutory acts regulating emissions and absorption of greenhouse gases should be accepted in Russia.
Episodes in a Century of Macroeconomics
Authors: Leijonhufvud A.
Published: March 2019

The author considers some episodes in the development of macroeconomic theory in the last century. Special attention is paid to the conceptions, which from the author’s point of view constitute an alternative to the neoclassical mainstream. The author explores the state of modern macroeconomics analyzing its advantages and drawbacks and trying to formulate the main directions for the future research.
Market of Insurance in Russia: Major Tendencies and Problems of Development
Authors: Natkhov T
Published: March 2019

The article considers recent tendencies in the development of the market of insurance in Russia. On the basis of statistical data analysis the most urgent problems of the insurance sector are formulated. Basic characteristics of different types of insurance are revealed, and measures on perfection of the insurance institution in the medium term are proposed.
Privatizaton in Mongolia: Light and Shadows
Authors: Nureev R. , Ochir L.
Published: March 2019

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Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy
Authors: Abalkin L.
Published: March 2019

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.
Global Processes of Transnationalization and Russian Business
Authors: Libman A. , Kheyfets B.
Published: March 2019

The paper considers the main stages of formation of multinational corporations, their role in international financial flows, fight against governmental protectionism and overcoming protective barriers of regional integration groups. It makes a systematic overview of the theories of multinational business and discusses their applicability for studies of transnationaization in the global economy. The paper specially emphasises the specifics of formation of the first Russian multinationals. It offers a taxonomy of factors, supporting the globalization of Russian business, as well as an assessment of its impact on economic development of Russia.
Russia at the Crossroads: Two Roads to Global Economic Competitiveness
Authors: Soubbotina T.
Published: March 2019

Relying on a wide range of foreign sources, the author presents the concept of "high" and "low" roads to national economic competitiveness and argues that, over the past fifteen years, the Russian economy has been gradually slipping down toward the "low road" and "immiserising economic growth". Russia is in urgent need of a visionary national strategy of integration into global market economy that would take into account the world-wide dominance of post-industrial "knowledge economy". Current government economic policy should focus on creating enabling conditions for Russian companies to learn to compete with the leading trans-national corporations on their own terms, i.e. mostly by enhancing their products’ and services’ innovativeness and attractiveness for the most demanding global consumers rather than by minimizing costs and prices.
State Regulation of Citizens' Private Lifes and Its Economic Consequances
Authors: Bodrikov M.
Published: March 2019

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The Environmentalists Struggle with Energy Security Or: If Maslow Were in Energy Politics
Authors: Frei C.
Published: March 2019

The article claims that access to energy, supply security, energy costs, environmental issues and social acceptance are subject not to trade-off, but to a hierarchy that underlies the importance of satisfying lower order needs before addressing the higher order ones. The following essay demonstrates the hierarchy with an "energy policy needs pyramid" based on historical evidence. The pyramid is used to analyze the viability of current items of the energy policy agenda.
On the Philosophy of Economic Theory: Breakthrough into the Unexplored Known (On the Book by O. Ananyin “The Structure of Economic and Theoretical Knowledge”)
Authors: Tarasevich V.
Published: March 2019

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The Problems of Oil and Gas Orientation of the Russian Economy
Authors: Kimelman S. , Andryushin S.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the stages of transformation, present features and possible scenarios of the Russian oil and gas sector development. It argues that only due to the growth of budget expenses directed at the reproduction of mineral and raw materials base, implementation of advanced power and resource-saving technologies and development of the dominant energy market oil and gas orientation of the Russian economy can become the main factor of its growth.
Border-line Cooperation of Russia and China in the Far East
Authors: Chernaya I.
Published: March 2019

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Monopoly and Competitive Policy (On the Book by D. Armentano "Antitrust and Monopoly")
Authors: Kuznetsov Yu.
Published: March 2019

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The Investment Climate in Russia
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2019

During the last six years, exceptionally favourable external conditions for an upsurge of the domestic economy have been developed. However, they failed to result in an economic boom, which has been estimated by the authors as quite possible. One of the reasons for this - deterioration of the investment climate in the country that caused a decline of business activities and money demand decrease thus leading to reduction of potential GDP growth rate. The accumulated modernisation problems cannot be resolved without increasing the economic dynamics. But this requires an economic policy able to facilitate predictability of Russian business operational environment, to protect it legally, to secure a system of partnership relations with the government and to respect the interests of the main participants in the state level decision-making process concerning business undertakings and investment climate.
Central and Eastern Europe Countries: Experience of System Transformation
Authors: Kudrov V.
Published: March 2019

Theoretical prerequisites, basic stages and mechanisms of the system market democratic transformation of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the methods of realization and strategic features of privatization of former state enterprises as well as to succeeding economic growth, rise in economic efficiency, increase of competitiveness and improving of living standards.
Mandatory Pension Insurance: Theory and Practice of Russian Pension Reform
Authors: Krivoshchekova E. , Okuneva E. , Okunev V.
Published: March 2019

Actual questions of creating a new pension system in Russia are considered in the article. Basing on international experience the authors analyze the Russian pension model, forecast probable problems, offer some mechanisms of their solving. The first results of nongovernmental pension funds activity in the market of mandatory pension insurance are presented.
On the Prospects of a Currency Union between the USA and the Euro Area
Authors: Oleinov A.
Published: March 2019

The article examines the welfare implications of the USA and the Euro area joining a currency union as opposed to operating in a flexible exchange rate regime. The condition for the USA and Euro area to create a monetary union is derived from the Barro–Gorden model and the theoretical model of currency union proposed by A. Dixit that is a direct generalization of Barro–Gordon model. This condition is estimated on the USA and Euro area macroeconomic data from 1980 to 2004.
Exchange Rate and Competitiveness of Russia’s Industries
Authors: Blank A. , Gurvich E. , Ulyukaev A.
Published: March 2019

The impact of real exchange rate on the Russian economy in internal and external markets is studied. The analysis takes into account that imported goods are only partial substitutes for those produced domestically, as the former is comprised mainly by manufactures with diverse properties. Positive or negligible effect of real appreciation of the ruble on the share of Russian goods in internal markets is found for major industries. This means that real appreciation of the ruble shifts domestic demand from imported to domestically produced goods, i.e. increases their competitiveness. Higher share of imports in constant prices is combined then with positive effect of the ruble appreciation on the volume of domestic supplies. No evidence of adverse effect of real appreciation on export supplies has been found, supposedly due to high profitability of most exports. Additional channel of negative influence of higher real exchange rate on inflation is revealed: through adjustment of producer prices to cheaper imported analogues.
Hayek versus Keynes: The Road to Reconciliation
Authors: Skidelsky R.
Published: March 2019

The author analyzes disagreements between J. M. Keynes and F. von Hayek on political and economic matters. Using wide range of sources the author shows that Keynes and Hayek stood very close to each other as thinkers, whereas their disputes played an important role in the history of economic thought. The contribution of both theorists to the ideological justification of liberalism is considered.
Are Public Servants Underpaid in Russia? Estimating the Public-Private Wage Gap
Authors: Gimpelson V. , Lukyanova A.
Published: March 2019

The paper starts with discussing institutional framework for public sector wage setting in Russia. Given that individual choice of the sector is endogenous to wages, the authors propose alternative econometric techniques for the public-private wage gap estimation. Applying switching regression and propensity score matching techniques that allow correcting for non-random sector selection, the paper provides wage gap estimates for various demographic, occupational, and territorial population subgroups. As is shown, there is significant cross-group variation in the wage gap. The paper concludes that to eliminate the negative gap wages in the public sector should be linked to the private sector wages at the regional level.
Universities in ХХI Century: Challenge of Research
Authors: Rozanova N. , Savitskaya E.
Published: March 2019

Research activities in universities are analyzed in the article. Modern Russia has been flourished with a variety of universities of different teaching quality. What institute to choose is the main question of young people and their parents. As many investigations have shown, the main quality signal for the universities is the level of professors’ research. The situation in Russian universities in this sphere is presented in the article.
S. Vitte and the Creation of the System of Commercial Education in Russia
Authors: Bessolitsyn A.
Published: March 2019

Modernization of Russian education at the boundary of XIX-XX centuries and the contribution of distinguished Russian reformer S. Vitte to establishing the system of commercial education in Russia are considered in the article. The author reveals the activity of secondary, as well as higher commercial educational establishments, taking into account the fundamentals of their organization: specifics of financing, organization of educational process, level of teaching.
Liberalization of State Regional Policy
Authors: Shvetsov A.
Published: March 2019

The process of reinforcement of centralization as a dominating tendency in territorial regulating development is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the centralized model of regional policy has exhausted all its resources and is becoming an obstacle to territorial development. An alternative concept of regional policy, allowing for new factors of territories’ development - decentralization of resources, competition, and strategic marketing - is suggested.
The Russian Economy in the Context of the World Energy Markets Development
Authors: Mironov V. , Pukhov S.
Published: March 2019

The tendencies and prospects of the Russian economy development as an energy net-exporter country are considered in the context of perspective supply-demand dynamics in the world energy markets. Medium- and long-term prospects of oil and gas prices dynamics as one of the key factors of economic growth in Russia in the post-crisis period are analyzed. It is shown that due to predicted slowing of the world energy demand growth rates and strengthening in this connection of the competition in the traditional Russian markets the dual Russian economy character (it is not only a producer, but also a rather intensive consumer of energy) makes the problem of internal economy diversification very urgent. A conclusion is made that it is necessary to carry out preventive measures aimed at accelerated transformation of the Russian gas sector (or in addition to the oil sector) into a major factor of economic growth.
National Oil and Gas Sector: Competitiveness Dynamics and Prospects of Financing
Authors: Berezinskaya O. , Mironov V.
Published: March 2019

Methodological and empirical problems of medium-term forecasting of the Russian economy mono-product branches are considered in the article (as an example the oil-and-gas sector is analyzed). On the basis of the specially-developed technique it is shown that slowing of growth of the oil-and-gas sector in 2005 (despite the reached price peak) renders much stronger negative influence on the economic growth of the whole economy, than it follows from the official data inevitably underestimating the contribution of this sector to the GDP. The forecast of the Russian oil-and-gas sector development up to 2009 (made on the basis of the computing model) allows to estimate its financial deficiencies (proficiencies) from the point of view of self-financing of growing investments which increase is necessary for improving the international competitiveness of this sector (due to specific processes forecasted in the world economy).
Market Economy in Action: The Contemporary Political-Economic Structure of Developed Countries / Ed. by V. A. Mau, А. А. Mordashov, E. V. Turuntsev. Series "Cross-Country Social and Economic Studies"
Authors: Kudrov V.
Published: March 2019

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The Mechanisms of Forming of Russia’s Non-Oil-and-Gas Budget Balance
Authors: Kudrin A.
Published: March 2019

The article contains proposals to enhance the sustainability of long-term fiscal policy in Russia. The new methodology implies separation of those budget revenues that come from oil and gas industries and imposition of specific constraints on their use (oil-and-gas transfer). Definition of non-oil-and-gas budget balance is also presented. Long-term effects of such a new methodology introduction on federal budget parameters are described as well.
The Post Keynesian School
Authors: Davidson P.
Published: March 2019

The article written by the prominent thinker in Post Keynesian economic theory examines the main contribution to macroeconomics made by the group of scientists aimed at resurrecting the forgotten aspects of J. M. Keynes’ legacy. The author considers interrelations between fundamental uncertainty, non-neutrality of money and the role of forward contracts in the economy, thus suggesting an original approach to macroeconomic analysis.
Ecological Practice of Transnational Corporations
Authors: Gerasimchuk I.
Published: March 2019

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Can Russia Become an Energy Superpower?
Authors: Milov V.
Published: March 2019

Recently the idea of transforming Russia into an "energy superpower" has become quite popular. But is this a definition of economic nature? And if yes, can Russia reach this status and benefit from it from the economic point of view? The article argues that this idea is mostly of a political, non-economic character, and that possible actions associated with proclaiming Russia an "energy superpower" cannot bring economic benefits to the country. Besides, the present policy model in the energy sector chosen by the Russian authorities can lead to negative results.
Forestry: The Mechanisms of the Accordance of the Rights of User Analysis
Authors: Manakov A.
Published: March 2019

The author considers the ways in which the rights of user of the forestry in Russia are granted. The article analyzes the international experience of forest auctions and describes the main problems of the auction design.
On the Relationship between the Financial Sector and the Real Economy
Authors: Levina I.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of the research of the decoupling of the financial sector from the real economy. The author examines key theoretical approaches to the analysis of the aforementioned problem emphasizing the main features of this phenomenon and considering the consequences of the decoupling from the point of view of the modern economic development.
The Russian Corporation and Regional Governments: Models of Interrelations and Their Evolution
Authors: Yakovlev A.
Published: March 2019

Increasing pressure from the global market is an objective reason for the business community to seek government support. However, after the Yukos affair the Russian business has found itself in a subdued posture towards¬federal authorities. For this reason, Russian companies may be expected to more closely cooperate with regional and local administrations in pursue of more favorable conditions for business. At the same time fiscal reform and delimitation of powers between the federal center and subjects of the Federation have reduced financial capacities of regional governments, while the scope of their past liabilities has been left almost unchanged. In this situation, regional authorities, in turn, may find new incentives to change their policy posture towards the business community. In this paper we assess, using the results of a new empirical study of Russian joint stock companies, to what extent these two trends have affected real mechanisms of interaction between the business and the state at the regional level.
Institutional Monopolism: The Essence and Regulation Specifics
Authors: Samsonov R.
Published: March 2019

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Corruption in the Relationship between Business and Bureaucracy (the Case of Empirical Analysis)
Authors: Galitsky E. , Levin M.
Published: March 2019

The authors introduce the notion of institutional economic space of the functioning of business firms taking into account their corrupt behaviour. Based on the survey of the firms’ CEOs they construct a taxonomy of the companies in this space, analyze the factors, which influence the choice of certain business strategies, evaluate the efficiency of each strategy. The authors draw from the empirical information the peculiar properties of corrupt interactions between firms and bureaucratic structures.