bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital elevation model cell size effect on erosion‐deposition simulation using the unit stream power erosion and deposition model in the dry‐hot valley region of Southwest China
Authors: Yang Dan , Jiang Jiayan , Luo Mingliang , Huang Jin , Xu Yali , Yu Yushou , Xiao Qiang
Published: March 2024

Gully erosion is the main source of sediment in watersheds, and the assessment of soil erosion and deposition in gully systems is very important for land utilization and watershed management. Soil erosion and sediment transport are multiscale, and the digital elevation model (DEM) is one of the most important means to study the scale effect of soil erosion and deposition. To clarify the effect of DEM cell size on soil erosion and deposition in gullies, a series of DEMs with cell sizes of 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 m were generated based on detailed field measurements in dry‐hot valley region. Meanwhile, the unit stream power erosion and deposition (USPED) model was chosen to simulate soil erosion and deposition in this study. The results showed that cell size can greatly influence the average slope and aspect of the DEMs, while the accuracy and average elevation of the DEMs were only affected intensively when the cell size exceeds 3 m. As for the spatial distribution pattern of soil erosion and deposition, the increase of the DEM cell size could cause a concentration of soil erosion and deposition in main channels while weakening the occurrence on hillslopes, and the spatial proximity of soil erosion and deposition would not change with the DEM cell size. The highly positive correlation in simulation results for soil erosion and deposition was primarily observed in DEM cell sizes range of 0.5 to 2 m and from 3 to 5 m. Meanwhile, a slight increase in DEM cell size would significantly affect the simulated results of soil erosion and deposition based on the USPED model when DEM cell size ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 m, whereas the change in DEM cell size would not affect the simulation results when DEM cell size was greater than 0.7 m.
Return predictability via an long short‐term memory‐based cross‐section factor model: Evidence from Chinese stock market
Authors: Yao Haixiang , Xia Shenghao , Liu Hao
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a cross‐section long short‐term memory (CS‐LSTM) factor model to explore the possibility of estimating expected returns in the Chinese stock market. In contrast to previous machine‐learning‐based asset pricing models that make predictions directly on equity returns, CS‐LSTM estimates are based on predictions of slope terms from Fama–MacBeth cross‐section regressions using 16 stock characteristics as factor loadings. In line with previous studies in the context of the Chinese market, we find illiquidity and short‐term momentum to be the most important factors in describing asset returns. By using 274 value‐weighted portfolios as test assets, we systematically compare the performances of CS‐LSTM and three other candidate models. Our CS‐LSTM model consistently delivers better performance than the candidate models and beats the market at all different levels of transaction costs. In addition, we observe that assets with smaller cap are favored by the model. By repeating the empirical analysis based on the top 70% of stocks, our CS‐LSTM model remains robust and consistently provides significant market‐beating performance. Our findings from the CS‐LSTM model have practical implications for the future development of the Chinese stock market and other emerging markets.
Effect of the combined intervention of low‐FODMAPs diet and probiotics on IBS symptoms in Western China: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yingying , Jin Di , He Tian , Liao Xinyi , Shao Limei , Shi Lei , Liu Ling
Published: March 2024

The effect of low‐FODMAPs diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Western China has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of low‐FODMAPs diet on IBS patients in the area and whether low‐FODMAPs diet‐induced alterations of microbiota could be improved through probiotics. IBS patients were randomized to the control group, low‐FODMAPs diet group, probiotics group, or combined group. IBS Symptom Severity Score questionnaire (IBS‐SSS) and IBS Quality of Life Score questionnaire (IBS‐QOL) were completed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks to evaluate the severity of symptoms. Fresh feces were collected for analyses of gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Seventy‐three patients were included in the per protocol analysis. After intervention, there was significant improvement in IBS‐SSS in the low‐FODMAPs group (37.5%, 44.2%), probiotics group (51.4%, 62.0%), and combined group (34.1%, 40.4%) at both 2 weeks and 4 weeks, compared with the baseline (p < .05). In the low‐FODMAPs group, the abundance of several microbiota (Lachnoclostridium, Enterococcus, etc.) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, after the supplementation of probiotics in the combined group, the abundance of Genus_Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Acidaminococcus, Ruminiclostridium, Akkermansia, Eggerthella, and Oxalobacter was significantly increased, which was associated with the improvements of symptoms score in the Pearson correlation analysis. Our study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of short‐term low‐FODMAPs diet in IBS symptoms based on the Chinese diet in Western China. The combination of low‐FODMAPs and probiotics plays a beneficial role in gut microbiota in IBS.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium and risk factors among pregnant women in Brazil: Results from the national molecular diagnosis implementation project
Authors: Miranda Angélica Espinosa , Gaspar Pâmela Cristina , Schörner Marcos André , Barazzetti Fernando Hartmann , Dias Guilherme Borges , Bigolin Alisson , Pascom Ana Roberta Pati , Barreira Dráurio , Bazzo Maria Luiza ,   Brazilian Surveillance for STIs in Pregnant Women Group
Published: March 2024

Background

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with at least one STI (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV], and Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]) in Brazil.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the pilot implementation of the National Service for molecular diagnosis of CT, NG, TV, and MG in pregnancy. We obtained Ministry of Health surveillance data from the implementation project. Data encompassing pregnant women aged 15–49 years from public antenatal clinics in Brazil in 2022 were included.

Results

A total of 2728 data of pregnant women were analyzed. The prevalence of at least one infection was 21.0% (573), with the highest prevalence in the Southeast region (23.3%) and the lowest in the Center‐West region (15.4%). The prevalence of CT was 9.9% (270), NG 0.6% (16), TV 6.7% (184), and MG 7.8% (212). Factors associated with any infection were from 15 to 24 years (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.58–2.35); reported family income up to US$400 (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03–3.34); declared not living maritally with their partners (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.52–2.37) and had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.55–2.86).

Conclusion

This study showed a high prevalence of at least one STI among pregnant women in Brazil, particularly among younger women. It also provides up‐to‐date national data on CT, NG, TV, and MG infections in this population. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing access to STI screening for young pregnant women within the Brazilian public health system.
Comparison of two cancellation strategies to lower the risk of multiple pregnancies in gonadotropin stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles
Authors: Berdin Aurélie , Bellaïche Kevin , El Hachem Hady , Vielle Bruno , Legendre Guillaume , Descamps Philippe , May‐Panloup Pascale , Prevost Sarah , Bouet Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Objective

To compare two cancellation policies in controlled ovarian stimulation‐intrauterine insemination (COS‐IUI) cycles to lower the risk of multiple pregnancies (MP).

Design

We performed a bicentric retrospective cohort study in two academic medical centers: Angers (group A) and Besançon (group B) University Hospitals. We included 7056 COS‐IUI cycles between 2011 and 2019. In group A, cancellation strategy was based on an algorithm taking into account the woman's age, the serum estradiol level, and the number of follicles of 14 mm or greater on ovulation trigger day. In group B, cancellation strategy was case‐by‐case and physician‐dependent, based on the woman's age, number of follicles of 15 mm or greater, and the previous number of failed COS‐IUI cycles, without any predefined cut‐off. Our main outcome measures were the MP rate (MPR) and the live‐birth rate (LBR).

Results

We included 884 clinical pregnancies (790 singletons, 86 twins, and 8 triplets) obtained from 6582 COS‐IUI cycles. MPR was significantly lower in group A compared with group B (8.1% vs 13.3%, P = 0.01), but LBR were comparable (10.8% vs 11.8%, P = 0.19). Multivariate logistic regression found the following to be risk factors for MP: the “cancellation strategy” effect (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.60) and the number of follicles of 14 mm or greater (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16–1.66). Cycle cancellation rate for excessive response was significantly lower in group A compared with group B (1.3% vs 2.4%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The use of an algorithm based on the woman's age, serum estradiol level and number of follicles of at least 14 mm on trigger day allows the MPR to be reduced without impacting the LBR.
The association between interpregnancy interval and gestational diabetes mellitus: A nationwide register‐based study in Finland
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Liukkonen Rasmus , Tarkiainen Jeremias , Mattila Ville M. , Kuitunen Ilari
Published: March 2024

Objective

Previous results on the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been contradictory. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the association between IPI and GDM using high‐quality nationwide register data.

Methods

All women with first and second pregnancies during our study period from the National Medical Birth Register during 2004–2018 were considered. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the length of the IPI and development of the GDM in the second pregnancy. Women were divided into three groups based on the length of the IPI: short IPI (0–11 months), normal IPI (12–47 months), and long IPI (48+ months). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI were compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 47 078 women were included in the study. We found no evidence of difference when women with short IPI were compared with women with normal IPI (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93–1.05). Women with long IPI had increased odds for the development of GDM when compared with women with normal IPI (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.19–1.38). In the logistic regression model for continuous IPI, the total odds for the development of GDM increased as the IPI increased (aOR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.03–1.06).

Conclusion

The odds for the development of GDM increased as the IPI increased. This study's results serve as a clarion call for proactive measures in GDM prevention. Moreover, they advocate for intensified investigation into the underlying factors contributing to GDM among women with extended IPI. It is imperative that these insights inform both clinical practice and further research agendas, as we strive to safeguard maternal health and well‐being.
The Brief Evaluation of Adolescents and Children Online (BEACON): Psychometric development of a mental health screening measure for school students
Authors: Rapee Ronald M. , Kuhnert Rebecca , Spence Susan H. , Bowsher Ian , Burns John , Coen Jennifer , Dixon Julie , Kotselas Pauline , Lourey Catherine , McLellan Lauren F. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Peters Lorna , Prendergast Traci , Roos Tiffany , Thomas Danielle , Wuthrich Viviana
Published: March 2024

This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a brief self‐report measure (BEACON) to inform universal mental health screening in schools. Items assess symptoms and impairment associated with anxiety and attention/hyperactivity problems (grades 4–11) as well as depression and eating difficulties (grades 6–11), with optional items for suicidality and self‐harm (grades 7–11). Initial item examination based on Item Response Theory (IRT) and classical test theory involved 3844 students in grades 4 through 11 (Study 1) and identified 18 items for grades 4–5 and 31 items for grades 6–11 that fulfilled pre‐set criteria. Study 2 extended testing with 10,479 students in grades 4–11 and added an additional four items assessing impairment associated with eating difficulties for older students (grades 6–11) creating a total of 35 items for grades 6–11. All items, for both grade‐level versions, met the pre‐set criteria for IRT and classical test theory analysis supporting their strength in the measurement of the dimensions of concern. The measure showed good reliability (subscale alphas .87 to .95). Validity was also demonstrated against standard symptom measures, school grades, school absenteeism, and help‐seeking. The BEACON appears to be a psychometrically sound measure to use in the first stage of school‐based screening for mental health problems.
Human antigen R: Exploring its inflammatory response impact and significance in cardiometabolic disorders
Authors: Abdelsam Shahenda Salah , Ghanem Sarah Khalaf , Zahid Muhammad Ammar , Abunada Hanan H. , Bader Loulia , Raïq Hicham , Khan Abbas , Parray Aijaz , Djouhri Laiche , Agouni Abdelali
Published: March 2024

RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which can undergo dysregulation in many pathological conditions. Human antigen R (HuR) is a highly researched RBP that plays a crucial role as a posttranscriptional regulator. HuR plays a crucial role in the amplification of inflammatory signals by stabilizing the messenger RNA of diverse inflammatory mediators and key molecular players. The noteworthy correlations between HuR and its target molecules, coupled with the remarkable impacts reported on the pathogenesis and advancement of multiple diseases, position HuR as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in diverse inflammatory conditions. This review article examines the significance of HuR as a member of the RBP family, its regulatory mechanisms, and its implications in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cardiometabolic illnesses. Our objective is to illuminate potential directions for future research and drug development by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing body of research on HuR.
Application of Model‐Informed Drug Development in Dose Selection and Optimization for siRNA Therapies
Authors: Yuan Ye , Li Liang , Earp Justin , Ma Lian , Bhattaram Venkatesh Atul , Sharma Vishnu , Tong Alexander , Wang Yaning , Liu Jiang , Zhu Hao
Published: March 2024

The application of model‐informed drug development (MIDD) has revolutionized drug development and regulatory decision making, transforming the process into one that is more efficient, effective, and patient centered. A critical application of MIDD is to facilitate dose selection and optimization, which play a pivotal role in improving efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles of a candidate drug. With the surge of interest in small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs as a promising class of therapeutics, their applications in various disease areas have been extensively studied preclinically. However, dosing selection and optimization experience for siRNA in humans is limited. Unique challenges exist for the dose evaluation of siRNA due to the temporal discordance between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, as well as limited available clinical experience and considerable interindividual variability. This review highlights the pivotal role of MIDD in facilitating dose selection and optimization for siRNA therapeutics. Based on past experiences with approved siRNA products, MIDD has demonstrated its ability to aid in dose selection for clinical trials and enabling optimal dosing for the general patient population. In addition, MIDD presents an opportunity for dose individualization based on patient characteristics, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of siRNA therapeutics. In conclusion, the integration of MIDD offers substantial advantages in navigating the complex challenges of dose selection and optimization in siRNA drug development, which in turn accelerates the development process, supports regulatory decision making, and ultimately improves the clinical outcomes of siRNA‐based therapies, fostering advancements in precision medicine across a diverse range of diseases.
Termination counseling among US perinatal genetic counselors in the setting of second trimester fetal anomalies
Authors: Rankin Holly A. , Voegtline Kristin , Olson Sarah , Sufrin Carolyn
Published: March 2024

Many pregnant people learn of fetal anomalies in the second trimester and subsequently present to prenatal genetic counselors (PGCs) for counseling, including but not limited to a nuanced discussion about whether to continue or terminate pregnancy. In those who choose to terminate, the decision between dilation and evacuation (D&E) or induction is often one of patient preference and as such, is heavily influenced by the quality of counseling received. PGCs are expertly trained to provide values‐based counseling, yet little is known about their termination counseling practices, referral practice patterns, and perceived responsibilities in caring for this group of pregnant people. To gain this knowledge, we surveyed a national sample of PGCs in early 2022 and received 70 completed responses. The survey contained open‐ and closed‐ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and free response data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Eighty percent (n = 56) of respondents reported that <50% of their patients had previously received termination options counseling. Most strikingly, 15% of respondents provided termination counseling that was beyond their self‐identified comfort level. Scenario‐based questions assessed respondents' counseling practice patterns in seven real‐world situations, presented in order of decreasing severity for the fetus. Respondents were 50% less likely to provide termination options counseling to patients between the most lethal to the least lethal proposed fetal anomaly. The scenario‐based analysis revealed two distinct termination counseling approaches: (1) all options counseling with an explicit discussion of options to continue or terminate and (2) discretionary options counseling focused on identifying patient preferences to guide counseling and not explicitly stating all available options. This study highlights the need to ensure PGCs feel well‐trained to discuss the general features of second trimester pregnancy termination and, if unable to do so, to practice in systems with timely referral to providers well‐versed in the counseling about all methods of termination.
Descriptive epidemiology of prevalence of exercise habits among participants with hypertension: The National Health and Nutrition Survey 2013–2018
Authors: Fukushima Noritoshi , Amagasa Shiho , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Sawada Susumu S. , Machida Masaki , Inoue Shigeru
Published: March 2024

Background

The current Japanese hypertension management guidelines (2019) recommend regular exercise for all patients with hypertension. However, limited evidence is available regarding the prevalence of exercise habits in these patients. Therefore, we examined the proportion of participants who met the recommendations on exercise in the Japanese hypertension management guidelines (2019) using a nationally representative sample.

Methods

Participants aged ≥20 years from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2018 were included. Participants with hypertension were defined as those with blood pressure level ≥140/90 mmHg or those who used antihypertensive drugs. Adherence to the guideline recommendations, stratified by gender, age category, blood pressure level, and medication status, was examined.

Results

This study included 13,414 participants with hypertension (age 68.2 ± 11.7 years, 48.1% men). Among them, 31.8% of participants with hypertension (36.8% of men and 27.3% of women) met the guidelines. Regarding age, the 20–64 years age group had the lowest proportion of patients who met the guidelines (22.4%), followed by those in the 65–74 (37.7%) and ≥75 years age groups (34.5%). Adherence to the guidelines did not significantly differ according to blood pressure levels (<120/<80, 120–129/<80, 130–139/80–89, 140–159/90–99, and 160–179/100–109 mmHg) and presence of antihypertensive medications.

Conclusion

One‐third of participants with hypertension engaged in exercise as recommended by the current hypertension management guidelines. Promotion of exercise therapy and monitoring exercise habits among participants with hypertension is warranted.
The Patterns of Games for Leading Social Change
Authors: Grace Lindsay
Published: March 2024

The current paper highlights the fundamentals of employing the play state to lead people toward improved performance across a variety of leadership responsibilities. It offers perspective on the historical, sociological, and psychological characteristics of play and game design toward leading social change. Drawing from experience leading and researching a variety of game‐focused interventions to lead social change, the paper focuses on the play state's unique characteristics to encourage iterative problem solving, adjust to complex problems, and optimize performance as tools leaders can use. It helps illustrate how games and play can be used to shift perspective and find solutions more traditional approaches may not. The work references a myriad of examples across leadership initiatives in education, policy, health, and more. The paper is designed to help leadership employ the power of play to address complex problems.
The Crocodylian proatlas functions to redistribute venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Swords Annelise , Cramberg Michael , Parker Seth , Scott Anchal , Sopko Stephanie , Taylor Ethan , Young Bruce A.
Published: March 2024

The proatlas, a bone located between the skull and the neural spines of the cervical vertebrae, is best known from reptiles. Most previous studies of the proatlas have centered on its developmental, debating the relationship between the proatlas and the cervical neural arches. The present study was intended as a description of the proatlas in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and an experimental test of its hypothesized role in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution. In Alligator, the proatlas is chevron‐shaped; ventrally it has a loose connection to the dorsal surface of the first cervical vertebrae, dorsally it has a robust elastic tissue tether on the otoccipital and supraoccipital bones. The ventral surface of the proatlas parallels the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum and rests on the dorsal surface of the spinal venous sinus. Experimental manipulation of the proatlas demonstrated that displacement of the proatlas causes pressure changes in both the spinal venous sinus and the enclosed spinal CSF. The results of this study represent the first demonstration of an explicit functional role for the proatlas, the circulation of fluids between the cranial and spinal compartments of the central nervous system.
A subunit‐based influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron combined vaccine induced potent protective immunity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Zhang Naru , Ye Zihui , Li Cun , Zhou Jie , Xue Wei , Xiang Luying , Chen Yuewen , Chen Shuchang , Ye Rouhan , Dong Jingyin , Zhou Jie , Jiang Shibo , Han Haijun
Published: March 2024

Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses a significant risk to human life, health, and the global economy. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies in the fight against infectious viruses. In this study, we, for the first time, have evaluated the immunogenicity and protective effect of an influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subunit combined vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 and administered to BALB/c mice. Results showed that the combined vaccine induced high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies, as well as influenza A H1N1/California/2009 virus‐specific hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies in BALB/c mice. Moreover, this subunit combined vaccine induced high titers of neutralization antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineage BA.5 pseudovirus and effectively reduced the viral load of authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineage BA.5.2 in the cell culture supernatants. These results suggested that this subunit combined vaccine achieved protective effect against both H1N1 A/California/07/2009 strain and SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant. It is therefore expected that this study will establish the scientific foundation for the next‐step development of combined vaccines against other strains or variants of IAV and SARS‐CoV‐2.
A multiphysics SET modeling method based on machine learning
Authors: Xu Ting , Guo Yanping , Chen Jiaxin , Bu Jianhui , Gao Libo , Ni Tao , Li Bo
Published: March 2024

With continuous downscaling of transistor sizes, the sensitivity to single event effect (SET) has become one of the most important reliability issues for aerospace integrated circuits. Besides the SET, integrated circuits will be affected by multiphysics such as temperature and voltage when working in space. Currently, the commonly used modeling methods are based on physical mechanisms and the double exponential pulse current. However, both methods are hard to build an accurate SET current model when various variables are considered. In this article, a novel machine learning modeling method of multiphysics SET is proposed, using intelligent algorithms to optimize the network also. With this method, we can obtain a reasonable and accurate multiphysics SET model based on neural network with single hidden layer, and there is no need to consider complex physical mechanisms. The model data is collected from TCAD simulation. Ant colony algorithm was used to optimize the initial values of the network. The RMS (root mean square error) of modeling result is less than 2%.
Effect of lactase supplementation on infant colic: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kozłowska‐Jalowska Anna , Stróżyk Agata , Horvath Andrea , Szajewska Hania
Published: March 2024

To systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a lactase supplementation for managing infant colic. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (up to September 2023) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral lactase supplementation with placebo or no intervention in infants younger than 6 months old with infant colic. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised version of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Outcomes measured were selected according to a standardized core outcome set. Five RCTs involving a total of 391 infants were identified. Three RCTs reported reduced crying duration, but one showed effect only in a compliant group (40.4%, p = 0.0052). A meta‐analysis of two RCTs found no difference in crying duration and fussing time during 1 week of lactase treatment compared with placebo (mean difference [MD] –17.66 min/day, 95% confidence interval [CI], −60.8 to 25.5; I2 = 68% and MD 2.75, 95% CI, −58.2 to 57.2; I2 = 80%, respectively). Other outcomes were assessed only in individual studies or not reported. The risk of bias was low in only one RCT, high in three, and raised some concerns in one. While individual trials have shown some promise, the overall evidence for the efficacy of lactase supplementation in treating infant colic remain inconclusive. Further well‐designed RCTs are necessary to determine the effects of lactase on managing infant colic.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, Veterans Health Administration use, and care‐seeking among recent‐era U.S. veterans
Authors: Porter Ben , Dozier Mary E. , Seelig Amber D. , Zhu Yunnuo , Patoilo Michaela S. , Boyko Edward J. , Rull Rudolph P.
Published: March 2024

The current study investigated the associations among probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), recent Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care use, and care‐seeking for PTSD in U.S. military veterans. Analyses were conducted among 19,691 active duty military personnel enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study who separated from the military between 2000 and 2012 and were weighted to the 1,130,103 active duty personnel who separated across this time period. VHA utilization was identified from electronic medical records in the year before survey completion, and PTSD care‐seeking and PTSD symptoms were assessed through self‐report on the 2014–2016 survey; thus, the observation period regarding care‐seeking and VHA use encompassed 2013–2016. Veterans with probable PTSD were more likely to use VHA services than those without probable PTSD, aOR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.01, 1.24], although the strongest association with recent VHA use was a depression diagnosis, aOR = 2.47, 95% CI [2.26, 2.70]. Among veterans with probable PTSD, the strongest predictor of care‐seeking was recent VHA use compared to community care, aOR = 4.01, 95% CI [3.40, 4.74); reporting a diagnosis of depression was the second strongest predictor of PTSD care‐seeking, OR = 2.99, 95% CI [2.53, 3.54]. However, the absolute number of veterans with probable PTSD who were not seeking care was approximately equivalent between veterans using VHA services and those not using VHA services. Additionally, certain groups were identified as being at risk of not seeking care, namely Air Force veterans and veterans with high physical and mental functioning despite substantial PTSD symptoms.
Associations between transdiagnostic traits of psychopathology and hybrid posttraumatic stress disorder factors in a trauma‐exposed community sample
Authors: Sprunger Joel G. , Girard Jeffrey M. , Chard Kathleen M.
Published: March 2024

Dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology hold promise for understanding the high rates of comorbidity with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Linking PTSD symptoms to transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology may enable researchers and clinicians to understand the patterns and breadth of behavioral sequelae following traumatic experiences that may be shared with other psychiatric disorders. To explore this premise, we recruited a trauma‐exposed online community sample (N = 462) and measured dimensional transdiagnostic traits of psychopathology using parceled facets derived from the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Faceted–Short Form. PTSD symptom factors were measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 and derived using confirmatory factor analysis according to the seven‐factor hybrid model (i.e., Intrusions, Avoidance, Negative Affect, Anhedonia, Externalizing Behaviors, Anxious Arousal, And Dysphoric Arousal). We observed hypothesized associations between PTSD factors and transdiagnostic traits indicating that some transdiagnostic dimensions were associated with nearly all PTSD symptom factors (e.g., emotional lability: rmean = .35), whereas others showed more unique relationships (e.g., hostility–Externalizing Behavior: r = .60; hostility with other PTSD factors: rs = .12–.31). All PTSD factors were correlated with traits beyond those that would appear to be construct‐relevant, suggesting the possibility of indirect associations that should be explicated in future research. The results indicate the breadth of trait‐like consequences associated with PTSD symptom exacerbation, with implications for case conceptualization and treatment planning. Although PTSD is not a personality disorder, the findings indicate that increased PTSD factor severity is moderately associated with different patterns of trait‐like disruptions in many areas of functioning.
Bird‐habitat associations and local‐scale vegetation structure in lowland brushlands
Authors: Hawkinson Annie J. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Roy Charlotte L. , Shartell Lindsey M. , Andersen David E. , Stevens Thomas K. , Knosalla Lori J. , Frelich Lee E.
Published: March 2024

Brushlands support a diverse suite of bird species, including species of conservation concern in the western Great Lakes region of central North America. Information on how to effectively manage lowland brushlands for birds and associations between breeding birds and local‐scale vegetation structure and composition is lacking. We surveyed lowland brushlands from 2016–2018 in Minnesota, USA, to assess bird‐habitat associations using avian point‐count surveys and fixed‐radius vegetation plots. We used Poisson regression models to assess the associations between breeding bird species richness, total abundance, and abundance of frequently detected species (using counts as an index for abundance) to woody stem density and height, patchiness of woody stem density, variation of woody stem height, and number of woody plant species. Sedge wrens (Cistothorus stellaris), the most abundant species, were negatively associated with multiple woody plant metrics and positively associated with patchiness. Common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were the second‐most abundant species and associated with low‐stature woody plants (<1 m based on average heights in study sites). Bird species richness, alder flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum), chestnut‐sided warblers (Setophaga pensylvanica), swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana), veeries (Catharus fuscescens), and yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) increased with woody vegetation height. Chestnut‐sided warbler and Nashville warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla) abundances also increased with woody stem density. We suggest that managing lowland brushlands to promote diverse woody plant structure, including tall shrubs and areas with patchy, open herbaceous cover, by implementing temporally and spatially variable disturbance regimes, may benefit bird species that rely on lowland brushlands with a range of vegetation structure requirements.
Satisfactory 5‐year functional outcomes following primary ACL reconstructions from the UK National Ligament Registry
Authors: Gabr Ayman , Mancino Fabio , Robinson James , Hage William , O'Leary Sean , Spalding Tim , Haddad Fares S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe the 10‐year findings from the UK National Ligament Registry (NLR).

Methods

A retrospective review was performed for prospectively collected data on the NLR between January 2013 and December 2022. All patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) on the registry were included. Surgical characteristics were analysed, including surgeon grade and case volume, concomitant knee procedures, venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, graft characteristics, femoral and tibial tunnel drilling, and fixation methods. Clinical outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years following the index procedure.

Results

During the study period, 17,492 unilateral ACLR procedures were recorded. Autograft was used in 98%, most commonly a combined semitendinosus and gracilis graft (77%) or patella tendon graft (31%). Allograft was used in only 1% of the patients. In 52% of cases, ACLR was associated with an additional procedure, with isolated medial meniscal surgery being the most common (21%). Femoral tunnel drilling was mostly performed through an anteromedial portal (73%) and tibial tunnel drilling using an outside–in technique (92%). The most common method of femoral graft fixation was with an Endobutton fixed loop suspensory device (77%), while interference screws predominated for tibial tunnel fixation (86%). Patients who underwent ACLR surgery showed significant improvement in their functional outcome scores at six months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years postoperatively.

Conclusion

Data from the NLR shows a detailed description of the current trends and evolution of ACLR in the United Kingdom over the last 10 years. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed 5 years postoperatively. This study provides useful information on the prevalence of ACL‐associated injuries and current surgical techniques with the aim of improving the quality of clinical care and patients' outcomes. Moreover, it provides surgeons with a benchmark against which to compare current practices and functional outcomes following ACLR across the United Kingdom.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
A practical guide to the development and deployment of deep learning models for the orthopaedic surgeon: Part III, focus on registry creation, diagnosis, and data privacy
Authors: Oeding Jacob F. , Yang Linjun , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Camp Christopher L. , Karlsson Jón , Samuelsson Kristian , Pearle Andrew D. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Pareek Ayoosh
Published: March 2024

Deep learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) with enormous potential to transform orthopaedic surgery. As has already become evident with the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT (OpenAI Inc.), deep learning can rapidly enter clinical and surgical practices. As such, it is imperative that orthopaedic surgeons acquire a deeper understanding of the technical terminology, capabilities and limitations associated with deep learning models. The focus of this series thus far has been providing surgeons with an overview of the steps needed to implement a deep learning‐based pipeline, emphasizing some of the important technical details for surgeons to understand as they encounter, evaluate or lead deep learning projects. However, this series would be remiss without providing practical examples of how deep learning models have begun to be deployed and highlighting the areas where the authors feel deep learning may have the most profound potential. While computer vision applications of deep learning were the focus of Parts I and II, due to the enormous impact that natural language processing (NLP) has had in recent months, NLP‐based deep learning models are also discussed in this final part of the series. In this review, three applications that the authors believe can be impacted the most by deep learning but with which many surgeons may not be familiar are discussed: (1) registry construction, (2) diagnostic AI and (3) data privacy. Deep learning‐based registry construction will be essential for the development of more impactful clinical applications, with diagnostic AI being one of those applications likely to augment clinical decision‐making in the near future. As the applications of deep learning continue to grow, the protection of patient information will become increasingly essential; as such, applications of deep learning to enhance data privacy are likely to become more important than ever before.

Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Accurate surgical posterior tibial slope alteration can be achieved in total knee arthroplasty regardless of surgeon skill level or local soft tissue thickness—A retrospective radiograph‐based study
Authors: Pichler Lorenz , El Kayali Moses K. D. , Kirschbaum Stephanie , Perka Carsten F. , Gwinner Clemens
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To retrospectively report on the impact of local soft tissue thickness and surgeon skill level on the accuracy of surgical posterior tibial slope (PTS) alteration achieved in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilising lateral knee radiographs.

Methods

Pre‐ and postoperative radiographs of 82 patients undergoing primary TKA using conventional mechanical alignment technique were measured by two observers and subjected to quality criteria for accurate measurement of the PTS. All patients underwent a standardised surgical approach for PTS alteration: cruciate‐retaining (CR) cases with preoperative PTS ≤ 10° were set for reconstruction of the preoperative PTS. Cases indicated for posterior‐stabilised (PS) design and/or with a preoperative PTS > 10° were set for 3° of postoperative PTS. Pretibial subcutaneous fat (PSF) and surgeon skill level were analysed for their predictive quality regarding the accuracy of surgical PTS alteration achieved.

Results

The overall mean postoperative PTS was significantly lower than the preoperative values (6.2°, SD 2.7 vs. 7.7°, SD 3.2; p = 0.002103). Neither local soft tissue thickness, namely PSF, nor surgeon skill level was found to be a predictor of the accuracy of surgical PTS alteration achieved. Among cases set for PTS reconstruction, 25.9% and 42.6% achieved a postoperative PTS within ±1° and ±2° of preoperative values, respectively. In patients with a PTS > 10° or those indicated for PS design, slope reduction was achieved with a mean postoperative PTS of 6.5°. Furthermore, 14.3% and 32.1% of cases were within ±1° and ±2° of 3, respectively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that accurate surgical alteration of the PTS is possible in TKA regardless of local knee soft tissue thickness or surgeon skill level. This proves the clinical feasibility of both targeted reduction as well as reconstruction of the PTS in TKA.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Implantation of hUCB‐MSCs generates greater hyaline‐type cartilage than microdrilling combined with high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Jung Se‐Han , Park Hyunjin , Jung Min , Chung Kwangho , Kim Sungjun , Moon Hyun‐Soo , Park Jisoo , Lee Ju‐Hyung , Choi Chong‐Hyuk , Kim Sung‐Hwan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To compare the outcomes of treating large cartilage defects in knee osteoarthritis using human allogeneic umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB‐MSC) implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling as a supplementary cartilage regenerative procedure combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods

This 1‐year prospective comparative study included 25 patients with large, near full‐thickness cartilage defects (International Cartilage Repair Society grade ≥ IIIB) in the medial femoral condyles and varus malalignment. Defects were treated with hUCB‐MSC implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling combined with HTO. The primary outcomes were pain visual analogue scale and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included arthroscopic, histological and magnetic resonance imaging assessments at 1 year.

Results

Fifteen and 10 patients were treated via hUCB‐MSC implantation and microdrilling, respectively. Baseline demographics, limb alignment and clinical outcomes did not significantly differ between the groups. Cartilage defects and total restored areas were significantly larger in the hUCB‐MSC group (7.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1 cm2, p = 0.023; 4.5 ± 1.4 vs. 3.0 ± 1.6 cm2, p = 0.035). The proportion of moderate‐to‐strong positive type II collagen staining was significantly higher in the hUCB‐MSC group compared to that in the microdrilled group (93.3% vs. 60%, respectively). Rigidity upon probing resembled that of normal cartilage tissue more in the hUCB‐MSC group (86.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.075). Histological findings revealed a higher proportion of hyaline cartilage in the group with implanted hUCB‐MSC (p = 0.041).

Conclusion

hUCB‐MSC implantation showed comparable clinical outcomes to those of microdrilling as supplementary cartilage procedures combined with HTO in the short term, despite the significantly larger cartilage defect in the hUCB‐MSC group. The repaired cartilage after hUCB‐MSC implantation showed greater hyaline‐type cartilage with rigidity than that after microdrilling.

Level of Evidence

Level II, Prospective Comparative Cohort Study.
Linear Terahertz Frequency Conversion in a Temporal‐Boundary Metasurface
Authors: Xu Guizhen , Xing Hongyang , Lu Dan , Fan Junxing , Xue Zhanqiang , Shum Perry Ping , Cong Longqing
Published: March 2024

Linear frequency conversion enabled by a temporal boundary of a resonant cavity provides a promising alternative to generating new frequency components, where the temporal boundary can be introduced by rapidly modifying the refractive index of the cavity. However, the perturbed photon dynamics during the ultrafast linear process is still vague. Here, the photon dynamics based on temporal coupled‐mode theory are explored and the phenomena are demonstrated with a silicon metasurface via simulations and experiments in the terahertz regime. With the time‐varying real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, a periodic modulation (Td) of the amplification coefficient of the newly generated photons is observed where the optimized coefficient occurs in the first period at td = Td /2. It further establishes a dynamic critical coupling condition to improve the amplification coefficient in the dynamic process. The scheme of linear frequency conversion via temporal boundary can revolutionize the paradigm of parametric amplification from nonlinear to linear processes, and conversion efficiency will be improved in a high‐quality factor cavity. The ultrafast modulation will find applications in optical signal processing, modulators, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for development of the next‐generation communications.
Multiple biomaterials for immediate implant placement tissue repair: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Su Xiaoqi , Jia Shasha , Wang Xueya , Zhao Baodong , Wang Guowei , Wang Xiaojing
Published: March 2024

Immediate oral implant placement is a widely accepted technique, known for its efficacy in reducing treatment duration, surgical visits, and overall healing time. One of the primary challenges associated with immediate implant placement is the attainment of initial stability. The inevitable loss of bone and soft tissue after extraction poses a risk to implant osseointegration in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is a well‐established method for periodontal regeneration. However, current GTR/GBR membranes lack tissue inherent regeneration properties and necessitate combination with grafts to enhance tissue recovery. In this context, biomaterials have emerged as a promising option due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactive properties. They present a potential alternative to standard autologous/allograft procedures. The field of biomaterials for bone regeneration has rapidly evolved, developing new guiding materials and engineering techniques. These advances have become integral in addressing tissue defects at the immediate implant site. Various materials such as bioceramics, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers have been used for tissue repair. This article undertakes an etiological examination of tissue deficiency associated with immediate implant placement. Additionally, it reviews the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of biomaterials, aiming to provide references for clinical treatment and areas for further investigation.