bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of hydraulic calculation of settling tanks and the choice of their optimal parameters (in the drip irrigation system)
Authors: Yangiev Asror , Azizov Shokhrukh , Adjimuratov Dilmurod , Panjiev Sherzod , Kurbonov Shaydobek , Omarova Galiya
Published: January 2023

The study of sedimentation processes in the clarifiers in the drip irrigation system was carried out in the fields of farms in the Bukhara, Kogon, Peshku, and Romiton districts of the Bukhara region, which are supplied with water from the Amudarya river. During the research, methods of field observation, generally accepted methods in hydraulics, and methods of comparing experimental results with hydraulic calculations were used. Hydraulic calculation of turbid sedimentation process in sediments was performed by A.G.Khachatryan method. As a result, a graph of the relationship between the settling length and the settling rate of the mud in was developed for different water consumption. As the length of the settling tank increases, the settling rate of the mud increases, i.e., the settling rate of the 41 m long settling tank is 30-40%, while that of the 800 m length is 70-80%. If 20 ha of land is irrigated in 6 plots, then 3.33 ha of land is irrigated in each plot. The water norm required for 1 irrigation of cotton on 3.33 ha of land is 900-950 m3, while the average is 250-300 m3 / ha. If 2 chambers with a length of 10 x 40 m (depth 2-2.5 m) are taken in each chamber, then in the first chamber, 35-40% of the distilled water passes into the second chamber, and in 8 hours, it becomes another 35-45 %, and clear water can be sent to the irrigation system through pumping units. In such cases, water should be constantly supplied to the first chamber from the ditch until the end of 1 irrigation of 20 ha.
Evaluating the critical velocity of air entrainment by plunging water jets
Authors: Fetisov Yuri , Bryanskaya Yuliya , Ignatenko Evgenii
Published: January 2023

It has been found that air entrainment occurs when the average jet velocity at the plunging point reaches a certain value. This velocity is called the critical velocity of air entrainment. The analysis of studies in this field shows that the process of jet interaction with the liquid surface is complex, while the theoretical approaches to its description are insufficient. The conditions at which air entrainment begins are related to the behavior and shape of the meniscus. The mechanism of meniscus formation is based on the complicated kinematic structure of motion in the vicinity of the point of interaction between the jet and the liquid in the quiescent state. Experiments and observations show that the meniscus behavior is closely related to the initial conditions of air entrainment. Calculating the critical velocity of air entrainment Ue, analysis of the meniscus shape, and use of the limit equilibrium condition were used to derive a new criterion relationship for the air entrainment conditions of turbulent jets flowing from long smooth nozzles. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data.
Investigation of hydraulic resistance of pulsating flows of viscous fluid in elastic pipe
Authors: Shukurov Z.K. , Yuldoshev B.Sh. , Begjanov A.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, flexible pipes made of synthetic polymer materials are being rapidly introduced into practice. Pulsating currents are important in driving water and other liquids in main pipes. This paper examines the pulsating currents of a viscous incompressible fluid in an elastic pipe. The necessary hydrodynamic parameters will be determined by solving the problem, such as distributions of pressure, velocity, flow rate, propagation velocity of the pressure pulse wave, and their attenuation. For the first time in this article, the decrease in hydraulic resistance in a pulsating flow through pipes due to the elasticity of the wall will be determined. The dependence of the dimensionless value of the pressure pulse wave on the vibrational numberαis studied. The pulse wave speed is compared with the speed of Moens-Korteweg, c∞and significant differences between them are found. The dependence of the reciprocal value of attenuation, related to the wavelength, on the vibrational numberαis also studied; it is shown that the attenuation is free at lower values of the Womersley vibrational parameter, practically equals zero, and at large values of which it asymptotically approaches unity [1-9].
Technical and technological ways to reduce soil compaction to preserve its fertility
Authors: Matmurodov Farkhod , Sobirov Bozorboy , Khakimov Jamshid , Rakhmatova Firuza
Published: January 2023

Article village to the farm intended of lands productivity save important from the conditions one has been soil of compression ahead to get technician and technological ways to work on exiting dedicated. In this village economy technique and their aggregates by the soil, too much, except compression problems, was studied. Village economy of the car complex parameters and soil situation account received without, to the soil of movers pressure equations that determine the power were proposed.

This topic, according to different scientific and practical materials used, research static information system analysis to do and again work method with done increased.
Dynamics of morphometric and hydraulic parameters of the Amudarya River channel downstream the Tuyamuyun hydroscheme
Authors: Nureddin Maalem , Khujakulov Rustam
Published: January 2023

The construction of large water reservoirs on level rivers has dramatically changed the nature and dynamics of channel processes in the upstream and downstream rivers. The purpose of the research is to study the relationship between the morphometry of the riverbed and the parameters of the waterworks rigged by the reservoir. To analyze the dynamics of the flow's channel morphometry and hydraulic elements, the lower course of the Amu Darya River, which is characterized by intense channel processes, was chosen. The study was carried out using field data on the Tuyamuyun gauge, located 1.8 km below the hydroelectric complex. The period for the last 25 years is covered, and 6 multi-year periods are selected from these. As a result of data analysis from long-term field studies and hydrometric measurements on the Tuyamuyun hydraulic section of the Amu Darya River, functional relationships have been established between the morphometric parameters of the channel and the hydraulic parameters of the flow. The relationship between the roughness of the channel and water flow is ambiguous. This is explained by the fact that the target is in the zone of the general spreading of the channel, and the bottom of the channel was observed to sink. When establishing the hydraulic resistance of the downstream, i.e., the relationship between the morphometric parameters of the channel and the hydraulic parameters of the flow, it is possible to predict changes in the water level and the state of water intake facilities. According to forecasts, it is possible to determine the type of event that allows for the supply of estimated flow rates through water intake facilities located in general erosion of the Tuyamuyun water reservoir.
Technology of ridge formation on cotton fields with simultaneous fertilization
Authors: Batirov Zafar , Toirov Ilhom , Razzakov Tura
Published: January 2023

The results of the justification of the fertilizer coulter parameters to implement the uniform distribution of fertilizers to a given depth with a belt width are presented. The uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the working width of the fertilizer coulter is mainly influenced by the uniformity of the half-cylinder, which, in turn, depends on the parameters of the feeding part.
Mathematical model of water drop trajectory in artificial rainfall
Authors: Khudayorov Zafar , Khalilov Rakhmonberdi , Gorlova Irina , Mirzakhodjaev Sherzodkhuja , Mambetsheripova Azhargul
Published: January 2023

In the article, a mathematical model of the movement of a water drop flying out of a nozzle with a deflector nozzle during artificial rain was built. The resulting equations were solved by an approximate method using a specially developed program at EHM. The parameters affecting the irrigation process were analyzed based on the obtained results.
Nonlinear dynamics of rotor of an auto-balancing ball device, considering eccentricity and changes in horizontal axes of rotation
Authors: Mirsaidov M. , Sidikov M.N. , Turajonov K. M.
Published: January 2023

This study is devoted to the dynamics of an auto-balancing device (ABD) when the rotor rotates at critical angular speeds. In this article, a model of an auto-balancing device (ABD) is proposed. The rotor is not only eccentric about the symmetry axis but also has a horizontal axis of rotation. A mathematical model is proposed based on the Lagrange equations; it describes the nonlinear motion of a balancing system (BS) with two running lines with a different number of balls, considering eccentricity, angular error, and changes in the horizontal axis of rotation. The nonlinear dynamics of the rotor motion with two running lines and two balls at a constant rotation speed and in the accelerating mode of the rotor motion is studied by a numerical method, taking into account the change in the horizontal axis of rotation.
Theoretical prerequisites for improving durability of fixed rolling bearing joints restored with anaerobic
Authors: Toirov Ilxom , Batirov Zafar , Sharipov Ergash
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of theoretical research of scientific works on determining the durability of fixed rolling bearing joints with restored anaerobic sealants, develops a scheme of angular mixing of the outer ring of the bearing at the deformation of the adhesive layer, and derives the analytical dependence of the absolute elongation of the adhesive layer in operating conditions.
Bench tests of friction drive of vertical spindle made of poly-V belts
Authors: Shoumarova M. , Abdillayev T. , Yusupov Sh.A.
Published: January 2023

The article reports that to improve the functional characteristics of the friction drive of vertical spindles, it was proposed to replace its conventional V-belts with poly-V-belts. Therefore, rollers with changed parameters are installed on the spindles while maintaining the magnitude of the rolling radius of serial rollers.

To determine the functionality of the new drive, a stand with a single spindle drum was created, which allows you to determine all the performance indicators of the polyline drive. The main research task on this stand was to determine the possibility of creating a traction (friction) force of the drive that always exceeds the resistance force of a cotton bush clamped in a narrow working slot of the harvesting apparatus. To assess the functionality of a new version of the friction drive, a comparison technique was used when, in the beginning, the friction (thrust) force of a serial roller with a V-belt drive was measured, and then, on the stand-pull force of the drive with a poly-V-belt. A special device was made to measure the pulling force of the belts.
Intensification of process of hydration of soybean oil with use of ultrasonic impact
Authors: Akhmedov Azimjon , Azimov Yusuf
Published: January 2023

This scientific article presents the results of ultrasound on changes in the yield of phospholipids, lecithin, and cephalin in soybean oil depending on the intensity of the soybean oil hydration process and the consumption of the hydrated solution, conventional mixing, and ultrasound exposure, as well as 20-22 Due to the use of high-frequency ultrasound exposure, the amount of non-hydratable phospholipids in soybean oil was reduced.
Statement and general technique for solving problem of oscillation of a hereditarily deformable aircraft
Authors: Usmonov Botir , Rakhimov Quvvatali , Akhmedov Akhror
Published: January 2023

This article provides a general statement and a technique for solving the problem of oscillations of a hereditarily deformable aircraft in a gas flow with a finite number of degrees of freedom. Using the Lagrange equations and the variational principle of the hereditary theory of viscoelasticity, the equations of motion of the problem under consideration are derived. The generalized forces acting on the aircraft in the subsonic flight mode are determined according to the stationarity hypothesis. As a result, closed interconnected weakly singular integro-differential equations are obtained that describe the mathematical model of the problem with a finite number of degrees of freedom. General schemes for the numerical solution of these equations are outlined. As an example, the flexural-torsional-aileron flutter of the transient process of a hereditarily deformable wing with a finite freedom number is considered.
Mathematical modeling of quantitative changes in hydrogen and oxide inclusions in aluminum alloy
Authors: Turakhujaeva Shirinkhon , Karimov Kamolkhan , Turakhodjaev Nodir , Akhmedov Azamat
Published: January 2023

In this article, mathematical modeling of quantitative changes in hydrogen and oxide inclusions in aluminum alloys is justified, developed, and analytically implemented. Usually, the methods of linear algebra are mostly used; in particular, the solutions of systems of inhomogeneous algebraic equations are obtained based on the method of Gauss, Cramer, and inverse matrices using the Maple 13 software package. Quantitative changes in hydrogen and oxide inclusions in the alloy are determined by a change in the average dispersion of the loaded flux. The connectivity functions of the change of oxide aluminum in the alloy β (%) with an increase in temperature Т (0С) during the loading of the charge into the liquid bath are obtained. The connectivity functions to determine the change quantity of hydrogen λ (cm3/100 g) in the alloy depending on the time t (minute) holding of the heated charge in the period of research is obtained. Based on functional dependencies, graphs of changes in the mainly desired parameters and numerical indexes in tabular form for engineering and applied calculations are constructed. In particular, graphs of the change quantity of hydrogen and oxide inclusions in the alloy with an increase of average dispersion of the flux d, graphs of change quantity of hydrogen with an increase in temperature during loading of the charge into the liquid bath, changes of the quantity of oxide aluminum in the alloy β (%) with an increase in temperature Т ( 0С), patterns of change quantity of hydrogen in the alloy λ (cm3/100 g) and quantity of oxide η (%) were plotted depending on the time of holding the heated charge in period research.
Vibration analysis of a composite elastic metamaterial plate based on a semi-analytical method
Authors: Wang Xingguo , Wang Lan , Xu Yongchun , Shu Haisheng
Published: January 2023

A semi-analytical vibration analyzing process is presented for a kind of finite composite elastic metamaterial plate by combining the effective medium theory and the first-order shear deformation sandwich plate theory, and the natural and steady-state vibration characteristics of such complex composite structure are investigated by means of equivalent analysis. The effectiveness of the semi-analytical analyzing process is demonstrated and some extraordinary vibration behaviors of such composite structure are revealed, such as there is no natural frequency in the bandgap, the modal density consistently increases around the bandgap's starting frequency, and the modes of the appropriate orders before and after the bandgap are consistent at the macroscopic level. The semi-analytical analyzing process and the special vibration behaviors may provide useful reference for relevant investigation and design of composite elastic metamaterial plate structures in the field of vibration control and isolation.
„Gelernte Geschlechterrollen beeinflussen unsere Gesundheit“ – Geschlechtersensible Medizin
Authors: Mischner Julia Marlene , Hiltner Sarah
Published: January 2023

Nicht nur beim Herzinfarkt, sondern auch bei zahlreichen weiteren Erkrankungen zeigen Frauen und Männer unterschiedliche Symptome und reagieren anders auf pharmakologische und invasive Therapien. Die Physiotherapeutin und Soziologin Sarah Hiltner beschäftigt sich seit Jahren mit der geschlechtersensiblen Medizin und setzt sich für Gleichberechtigung in der Gesundheitsversorgung ein.
Wertschätzung ist mehr als Lob – Wertschätzung
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: January 2023

Hand aufs Herz: Wünschen Sie sich manchmal ein wenig mehr Wertschätzung? Von den Klient*innen und Teamkolleg*innen, von der Gesellschaft, den Mitarbeitenden, von der kaufmännischen Abteilung oder anderen Personen? Wertschätzung ist eine oft unterschätzte Teambuilding-Maßnahme und Gesundheitsförderung in einem. Welche Säulen der Wertschätzung es gibt, wie Wertschätzung auf Ihre Gesundheit wirkt und wie Sie mehr davon in Ihren Alltag etablieren, erfahren Sie hier.
Den Alltag neu lernen – Bilateraler Gliedmaßenverlust
Authors: Breier Susanne
Published: January 2023

Die Amputation beider Arme ist sehr selten und stellt sowohl für Betroffene als auch für Angehörige und Behandelnde eine große Herausforderung dar. Susanne Breier beschreibt, wie sie Betroffenen zurück in einen selbstständigen Alltag hilft.
Sich der Einflüsse auf die Therapie gewahr sein – Beziehungsfokussierte Ergotherapie
Authors: Strebel Helen
Published: January 2023

Die Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Herkunft, Geschichte und Perspektive nimmt einen zentralen Stellenwert im neuen kanadischen Inhaltsmodell CanMOP ein. Sie bedingt eine kritische Betrachtung des Begriffs der Klientenzentrierung, was zu einem erweiterten Ansatz für die Ergotherapie führt: die Collaborative Relationship-Focused Practice.
Digitalisierung schafft neue Möglichkeiten – Schreiben mit der Hand
Authors: Schmeißer Birgitta
Published: January 2023

Im Rahmen der Digitalisierung verliert das Schreiben mit dem Stift immer mehr an Bedeutung. In der Schule schreiben die Kinder allerdings noch immer mit der Hand und tun sich dabei zunehmend schwerer. Trotzdem sollte der Stift nicht von der Tastatur abgelöst werden. Warum das so ist und welche Chancen die technische Entwicklung bietet, erklärt Birgitta Schmeißer.
How condensation causes dusty solar panels
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: January 2023

The surface tension of water droplets on photovoltaic surfaces is a driving force in dust agglomeration, impeding photoelectric efficiency.
Simulating the photon statistics of multimode Gaussian states by automatic differentiation of generating functions
Authors: Fitzke Erik , Niederschuh Florian , Walther Thomas
Published: January 2023

Advances in photonics require photon-number resolved simulations of quantum optical experiments with Gaussian states. We demonstrate a simple and versatile method to simulate the photon statistics of general multimode Gaussian states. The derived generating functions enable simulations of the photon number distribution, cumulative probabilities, moments, and factorial moments of the photon statistics of Gaussian states as well as of multimode photon-added and photon-subtracted Gaussian states. Numerical results are obtained by the automatic differentiation of these generating functions by employing the software framework PyTorch. Our approach is particularly well suited for practical simulations of the photon statistics of quantum optical experiments in realistic scenarios with low photon numbers, in which various sources of imperfections have to be taken into account. As an example, we calculate the detection probabilities for a recent multipartite time-bin coding quantum key distribution setup and compare them with the corresponding experimental values.
Deterministic field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin–orbit torques originating from in-plane magnetized Co2MnAl
Authors: Morita Daimu , Hara Takuya , Yamanouchi Michihiko , Uemura Tetsuya
Published: January 2023

Spin–orbit torques (SOTs) induced magnetization switching in a perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB film deposited on a Ti/in-plane magnetized Co2MnAl stack was investigated. Deterministic switching of the CoFeB magnetization was demonstrated by applying a current pulse to the stack in a direction parallel or antiparallel to the Co2MnAl magnetization. We found that the hysteresis loops of the anomalous Hall resistance for CoFeB under the constant current is shifted in the out-of-plane magnetic field axis direction depending on the directions of both the applied current and the magnetization of Co2MnAl. The shift amount exhibits an almost linear increase as the current magnitude increases. These results are consistent with the effects caused by SOTs originating from spin currents having an in-plane polarization orthogonal to the Co2MnAl magnetization.
Recreational fishery discard practices influence use of tidal estuary by a large marine mesopredator
Authors: Pini-Fitzsimmons Joni , Knott Nathan A. , Brown Culum
Published: January 2023

Context It is common for recreational anglers to discard waste produced from filleting catches back into the water, which results in a highly spatio-temporally predictable food subsidy for wildlife to scavenge. However, the behavioural responses of these scavengers has received little attention. Aims We aimed to assess the visitation of a common mesopredatory scavenger in relation to temporal patterns in waste discarding at a boat ramp in south-eastern Australia. Methods Using passive acoustic telemetry, the movements of 13 adult female smooth stingrays (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) were tracked, and patterns in their acoustic detections and duration of time spent in different sections within the study area were compared. Key results Use of the study area was strongly focused around the boat ramp, and peaked during periods of increased provisioning activity (i.e. afternoons and weekends). Environmental variables had limited influence on visitation, suggesting that the use of the area was not likely to be linked to natural behaviours. Conclusions The observed patterns indicated that the movements of smooth stingrays were linked to waste-discard practices by recreational anglers. Implications This study has implications for the management of discard practices for recreational fishing.
Structure and supramolecular organization of the canine distemper virus attachment glycoprotein
Authors: Kalbermatter David , Jeckelmann Jean-Marc , Wyss Marianne , Shrestha Neeta , Pliatsika Dimanthi , Riedl Rainer , Lemmin Thomas , Plattet Philippe , Fotiadis Dimitrios
Published: January 2023

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped RNA morbillivirus that triggers respiratory, enteric, and high incidence of severe neurological disorders. CDV induces devastating outbreaks in wild and endangered animals as well as in domestic dogs in countries associated with suboptimal vaccination programs. The receptor-binding tetrameric attachment (H)-protein is part of the morbilliviral cell entry machinery. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure and supramolecular organization of the tetrameric CDV H-protein ectodomain. The structure reveals that the morbilliviral H-protein is composed of three main domains: stalk, neck, and heads. The most unexpected feature was the inherent asymmetric architecture of the CDV H-tetramer being shaped by the neck, which folds into an almost 90° bent conformation with respect to the stalk. Consequently, two non-contacting receptor-binding H-head dimers, which are also tilted toward each other, are located on one side of an intertwined four helical bundle stalk domain. Positioning of the four protomer polypeptide chains within the neck domain is guided by a glycine residue (G158), which forms a hinge point exclusively in two protomer polypeptide chains. Molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of the asymmetric structure under near physiological conditions and molecular docking showed that two receptor-binding sites are fully accessible. Thus, this spatial organization of the CDV H-tetramer would allow for concomitant protein interactions with the stalk and head domains without steric clashes. In summary, the structure of the CDV H-protein ectodomain provides new insights into the morbilliviral cell entry system and offers a blueprint for next-generation structure-based antiviral drug discovery.
Gravitational wave from extreme mass-ratio inspirals as a probe of extra dimensions
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Kumar Shailesh , Bhattacharyya Arpan
Published: January 2023

The field of gravitational waves is rapidly progressing due to the noticeable advancements
in the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors that has enabled the detection prospects of
binary black hole mergers. Extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) is one of the most compelling and
captivating binary systems in this direction, with the detection possibility by the future
space-based gravitational wave detector. In this article, we consider an EMRI system where the
primary or the central object is a spherically symmetric static braneworld black hole that carries
a tidal charge Q. We estimate the effect of the tidal charge on total gravitational
wave flux and orbital phase due to a non-spinning secondary inspiralling the primary. We further
highlight the observational implications of the tidal charge in EMRI waveforms. We show that LISA
(Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) observations can put a much stronger constraint on this
parameter than black hole shadow and ground-based gravitational wave observations, which can
potentially probe the existence of extra dimensions.
Double-pass optical parametric generator pumped by Yb thin-disk laser for efficient 1.4–2.9 µm mid-IR radiation generation
Authors: Csanaková Bianka , Novák Ondřej , Roškot Lukáš , Mužík Jiří , Cimrman Martin , Huynh Jaroslav , Smrž Martin , Jelínková Helena , Mocek Tomáš
Published: January 2023

Many different fields benefit from the usage of light sources emitting in the mid-infrared wavelength range (2–10 µm). A rising need for precise and fast sources in the mid infrared (mid-IR) is reflected in the development of a high-power, picosecond mid-IR source capable of generation at high repetition rates. In this work, we present the optimization of an optical parametric generator, pumped by a 3 W portion of total power of the Yb:YAG thin-disk laser (1.3 ps, 90 kHz, 90 W) by comparing a single-pass and double-pass arrangement output parameters in terms of output power dependences on input power, efficiency, beam profiles, stability, and spectra. The output tunability of both arrangements spanned from 1459 nm to 2891 nm, with the upper limit being influenced by the limited transmission of the dichroic components used in the setup above 2700 nm. It was shown that the double-pass arrangement increases the output power, from 17 mW in the single-pass arrangement to 193 mW in the double-pass arrangement at 1459 nm, resulting in over ten-fold output power increase.
Explore the Energy Performance of a University Building Integrated with Solar PV and Energy Storage
Authors: Wen Ke , He Yecong , Deng Qi , Sun Jie , Zhou Jifei
Published: January 2023

In order to explore the energy performance of a university building integrated with solar PV and energy storage, in this paper, DesignBuilder was used to establish the teaching building model and calculate the load based on the characteristics of the teaching building of a university, a simulation model of the photovoltaic & energy storage integrated system was built with TRNSYS. Then analysing the energy performance and economy of the system. The results show that, from the overall demand, the solar electricity generation capacity of the photovoltaic & energy storage integrated teaching building can basically meet the demand for air conditioning electricity, and there is more remaining electricity for the electricity grid. The energy performance of the system in different seasons (summer, spring and autumn transition season, winter) and the complementarity among various electric quantities are studied, including electricity consumption, electricity generation, municipal electricity supply, remaining electricity on grid, battery charge, battery discharge. The economic analysis of the system shows that Solar fraction (SF)=0.93, Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR)=0.13, Return on Investment (ROI)=0.219 years, Payback Period (PBP)=4.75 years, which proves its feasibility.
Fault Ranging Method for Overhead-Cable Hybrid Distribution Lines Based on CEEDMAN Energy Relative Entropy
Authors: Piao Zheyong , Wang Keqiang , Lu Jia , Liang Xiaolong , Zhao Pengyang , Liu Gang
Published: January 2023

According to the parameter characteristics of cable-overhead line and the folding and reflection process of traveling waves when the wave impedance is discontinuous, a traveling wave abrupt change extraction method based on the empirical mode decomposition of fully adaptive noise ensemble (CEEDMAN) energy relative entropy is proposed for the first time. Through the combination of CEEDMAN and energy relative entropy, the transient traveling wave signals are generated when reflection and refraction occur, and the energy value of traveling waves will change abruptly, and the reflected and refracted wave heads will be captured by the change of relative energy. Combined with the magnitude difference of zero sequence current, the fault area can be determined. Traveling waves have different wave speeds in overhead lines and cable lines, and fault ranging is performed by determining the corresponding propagation speed. Finally, simulation verifies that the method can accurately determine the fault zone with high ranging accuracy under the conditions of different fault locations, different transition resistances and different initial phase angles.
Power transformer overload risk evaluation based on temperature rise simulation and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Dajian , Chen Liangyuan , Ma Yuan
Published: January 2023

The evaluation of transformer overload risk and operational safety is a systematic process. Selecting an appropriate method to accurately assess its overload operation risk is an urgent need for flexible control and safe and reliable operation of power systems. According to the thermal characteristics and state of the transformer, a method for evaluating the overload risk of transformers with improved accuracy based on temperature rise simulation calculation combined with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is proposed. The weights are calculated by fuzzy set theory and FAHP, and the overload risk of the transformer is finally determined. The method comprehensively considers the possible information conflict between the working condition data and the thermal characteristics of the structure itself, and the calculation results are accurate and the process is clear. The calculation results after substituting the actual data show that the method can accurately evaluate the overload risk and operational risk of the transformer. This method is beneficial to identify the relative importance of transformer overload risk factors, calculate transformer overload risk coefficients, and formulate transformer risk control methods.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation on the heat transfer property of vertical buried tube ground heat exchanger
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Deng Shengxiang , Chen Yu
Published: January 2023

In order to study the effect of the arrangement of buried tubes on heat transfer, a three-dimensional heat transfer model of vertical U-shaped buried tubes is established. The regional thermal efficiency and soil temperature field around the buried tubes arranged in square array and rhombic array are numerically simulated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the established model and simulation conditions. The results show that the rhombic arrangement form has more advantages than the square arrangement form: with the same number of buried tubes, the land use area of the rhombic arrangement form is smaller and the regional thermal efficiencies of the two forms are almost the same. The experimental validation shows that the experimental value of the average heat transfer rate of a single tube is in good agreement with the simulated value, and the relative error is 5.4%.
Online Monitoring of Overhead Power Lines Against Tree Intrusion via a Low-cost Camera and Mobile Edge Computing Approach
Authors: Li Peisong , Qiu Rui , Wang Minzhen , Wang Xinheng , Jaffry Shan , Xu Ming , Huang Kaizhu , Huang Yi
Published: January 2023

Fast-growing trees pose risks to the operational safety of overhead power lines. Traditional methods of inspecting tree growth, such as ground inspection, are time-consuming and not accurate. Latest development employs drones equipped with either light detection and ranging (LiDAR) or camera for accurate inspections. However, those methods are expensive and cannot be used all the time. They are also susceptible to severe weather conditions. Therefore, in this paper, an online method for measuring and calculating the horizontal distances between the power lines and trees in a mobile edge computing architecture is proposed by taking into account a unique property of power systems. Firstly, two-dimensional images are taken by a standard optical camera mounted on the tower. Secondly, the power lines and the surrounding trees in the images are discovered by processing the images. Finally, the distances between the power lines and trees are calculated based on a reference distance. Furthermore, the applications that control the cameras and image processing are implemented on a mobile edge server for real-time monitoring and system updates. Experiment results in real-world scenarios show that the measurement error is less than 10%, which indicates that the proposed approach can reliably estimate the distances and the edge computing-based architecture can improve the efficiency.
China’s embodied environmental impact on the Global Commons through provincial and spillover perspectives
Authors: Zhao Han , Miller T Reed , Wendling Zachary A , Ishii Naoko , Kawasaki Akiyuki
Published: January 2023

Existing benchmarks for assessing China’s environmental progress ignore the important issue of transboundary impacts and also lack systematic methods that focus on China’s subnational level. By using techniques based on a multiregion input–output model, we develop a new framework, China’s Subnational-level Global Commons Stewardship (CS-GCS) index system. This framework summarizes multiple Global Commons domains into a comprehensive assessment, to synergistically track the embodied environmental impacts and score trajectories across China from both provincial and spillover perspectives. We find that, although China’s developing provinces perform better, developed provinces made more significant improvements from 2007 to 2015. There is no significant trend of increase in China’s outsourcing of environmental impacts to other countries over this period. However, there is still a disproportionate environmental responsibility for the Global Commons between regions, particularly the outsourcing of impacts from the eastern coast to the northern hinterland. Of these, the impact embodied in interprovincial trade is two to seven times greater than international trade, which will further dominate China’s environmental impacts. Agriculture is the crucial sectoral driver in all environmental domains. Our study serves as a method of helping assess and coordinate subnational efforts in China and prioritize environmental action.
Positive effects of projected climate change on post-disturbance forest regrowth rates in northeastern North American boreal forests
Authors: Danneyrolles Victor , Boucher Yan , Fournier Richard , Valeria Osvaldo
Published: January 2023

Forest anthropogenic and natural stand-replacing disturbances are increasing worldwide due to global change. Many uncertainties regarding the regeneration and growth of these young forests remain within the context of changing climate. In this study, we investigate the effects of climate, tree species composition, and other landscape-scale environmental variables upon boreal forest regrowth following clearcut logging in eastern Canada. Our main objective was to predict the effects of future climate changes upon post-logging forest height regrowth at a subcontinental scale using high spatial resolution remote sensing data. We modeled forest canopy height (estimated from airborne laser scanning [LiDAR] data over 20 m resolution virtual plots) as a function of time elapsed since the last clearcut along with climate (i.e. temperature and moisture), tree species composition, and other environmental variables (e.g. topography and soil hydrology). Once trained and validated with ∼240 000 plots, the model that was developed in this study was used to predict potential post-logging canopy height regrowth at 20 m resolution across a 240 000 km2 area following scenarios depicting a range of projected changes in temperature and moisture across the region for 2041–2070. Our results predict an overall beneficial, but limited effect of projected climate changes upon forest regrowth rates in our study area. Stimulatory effects of projected climate change were more pronounced for conifer forests, with growth rates increasing between +5% and +50% over the study area, while mixed and broadleaved forests recorded changes that mostly ranged from −5% to +35%. Predicted increased regrowth rates were mainly associated with increased temperature, while changes in climate moisture had a minor effect. We conclude that such growth gains could partially compensate for the inevitable increase in natural disturbances but should not allow any increase in harvested volumes.
Cyclic thermoresistivity of resin-based carbon fiber bars modified with mixed carbon powder and nano-silica
Authors: Liu Dan , Liu Ronggui , Ping Shu , Zhang Shaofeng , Liu Gang
Published: January 2023

The addition of conductive fillers to the carbon fiber bar reduces its resistivity and improves electrical stability. Unstable conductivity and susceptibility to ambient temperature change impede the application of this technique in engineering, unless such influence can be eliminated by technical means or precisely predict. In this paper, modified epoxy Resin based carbon fiber bars with 4 sets of different mixed fillers have been designed to evaluate the temperature-resistance effect under different temperature cycles. Results show that the initial volume resistivity reduces due to the incorporation of carbon powder(CP) and nano-silica(NS), and meets the lowest when the CP and NS mass ratio is 1:0.6. The volume resistivity increases linearly with the temperature rising, and reaches the maximum temperature sensitivity coefficient of 78.8%. During the temperature cycle process, the volume resistivity of all specimens first decreases and then increases with the increasing temperature uniformly. The three groups (CP/NS ratio 1:0.2, 1:0.6, and 1:0) share the same PTC effect transition temperature range, from 30 to 60 °C. And for the 1:1 group, the transition temperature is about 0 °C, which is the lowest. Altogether, these enhancements provide avenues for future self-sensing carbon fiber composites in engineering structures.
Six degrees of freedom intrafraction cranial motion detection using a novel capacitive monitoring technique: evaluation with human subjects
Authors: Sadeghi P , Bastin-Decoste D , Robar J L
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this work is to introduce and evaluate a capacitive monitoring array capable of continuous 6DOF cranial motion detection during high precision radiotherapy. The ring-shaped capacitive array consists of four equally sized conductive sensors positioned at the cranial vertex. The system is modular, non-contact, and provides continuous motion information through the thermoplastic immobilization mask without relying on skin monitoring or use of ionizing radiation. The array performance was evaluated through a volunteer study with a cohort of twenty-five individuals. The study was conducted in a linac suite and the volunteers were fitted with an S-frame thermoplastic mask. Each volunteer took part in one data acquisition session per day for three consecutive days. During the data acquisition, the conductive array was translated and rotated relative to their immobilized cranium in 1-millimetre and 1-degree steps to simulate cranial motion. Capacitive signals were collected at each position at a frequency of 20 Hz. The data from the first acquisition session was then used to train a classifier model and establish calibration equations. The classifier and calibration equations were then applied to data from the subsequent acquisition sessions to evaluate the system performance. The trained classifiers had an average success rate of 92.6% over the volunteer cohort. The average error associated with calibration had a mean value below 0.1 mm or 0.1 deg for all six motions. The capacitive array system provides a novel method to detect translational and rotational cranial motion through a thermoplastic mask.
Implementation of CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Authors: Ramsey Laura B , Prows Cynthia A , Chidambaran Vidya , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar , Quinn Charles T , Teusink-Cross Ashley , Tang Girdwood Sonya , Dawson D Brian , Vinks Alexander A , Glauser Tracy A
Published: January 2023

Purpose

We describe the implementation of CYP2D6-focused pharmacogenetic testing to guide opioid prescribing in a quaternary care, nonprofit pediatric academic medical center.

Children are often prescribed oral opioids after surgeries, for cancer pain, and occasionally for chronic pain. In 2004, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center implemented pharmacogenetic testing for CYP2D6 metabolism phenotype to inform codeine prescribing. The test and reports were updated to align with changes over time in the testing platform, the interpretation of genotype to phenotype, the electronic health record, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. The use of the test increased when a research project required testing and decreased as prescribing of oxycodone increased due to FDA warnings about codeine. Education about the opioid-focused pharmacogenetic test was provided to prescribers (eg, the pain and sickle cell teams) as well as patients and families. Education and electronic health record capability increased provider compliance with genotype-guided postsurgical prescribing of oxycodone, although there was a perceived lack of utility for oxycodone prescribing.

Conclusion

The implementation of pharmacogenetic testing to inform opioid prescribing for children has evolved with accumulating evidence and guidelines, requiring changes in reporting of results and recommendations.
Exposure Characterization of Wood Dust Particulate, Endotoxins, and (1–3)-β-d-Glucans, and Their Determinants in Mozambiquan Wood Processing Workers
Authors: Chamba Paulino S , Baatjies Roslynn , Singh Tanusha S , Cumbane Antonio J , Jeebhay Mohamed F
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Dust generated from wood processing comprises a heterogeneous mixture of inorganic and organic particles, including wood fragments, microorganisms, endotoxins, (1–3)-β-d-glucans, and allergens. This study characterized exposure to wood dust and its determinants in the Mozambiquan wood processing industry.

Methods

A total of 124 personal inhalable samples, collected from a stratified random sample of 30 workers, were analysed for dust particulate, endotoxins, and (1–3)-β-d-glucans. Mixed-effects models were developed to investigate significant exposure determinants.

Results

The geometric mean (GM) inhalable dust particulate concentrations were 3.29 mg m−3, 98 endotoxin units (EU) m−3, and 123 ng m−3 for (1–3)-β-d-glucans. Significant predictors for higher particulate levels included machinery (GMR = 1.93), sawing (GMR = 2.80), carpentry (GMR = 2.77), or painting (GMR = 3.03) tasks. Lebombo-ironwood species was associated with higher dust particulate levels (GMR = 1.97). Determinants of endotoxin concentrations included working with dry wood and damp cleaning methods, which were associated with lower levels. Working in closed buildings (GMR = 3.10) and dry sweeping methods were associated with higher (1–3)-β-d-glucan concentrations (GMR = 1.99).

Conclusions

Work tasks in certain exposure groups (machinery, sawing, carpentry, painting), processing certain wood species (Lebombo-ironwood) and working in closed buildings were associated with higher exposures, whilst using dry wood and damp cleaning practices reduced exposure levels.
DROEG: a method for cancer drug response prediction based on omics and essential genes integration
Authors: Wu Peike , Sun Renliang , Fahira Aamir , Chen Yongzhou , Jiangzhou Huiting , Wang Ke , Yang Qiangzhen , Dai Yang , Pan Dun , Shi Yongyong , Wang Zhuo
Published: January 2023

Predicting therapeutic responses in cancer patients is a major challenge in the field of precision medicine due to high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Most drug response models need to be improved in terms of accuracy, and there is limited research to assess therapeutic responses of particular tumor types. Here, we developed a novel method DROEG (Drug Response based on Omics and Essential Genes) for prediction of drug response in tumor cell lines by integrating genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic data along with CRISPR essential genes, and revealed that the incorporation of tumor proliferation essential genes can improve drug sensitivity prediction. Concisely, DROEG integrates literature-based and statistics-based methods to select features and uses Support Vector Regression for model construction. We demonstrate that DROEG outperforms most state-of-the-art algorithms by both qualitative (prediction accuracy for drug-sensitive/resistant) and quantitative (Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted and actual IC50) evaluation in Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia datasets. In addition, DROEG is further applied to the pan-gastrointestinal tumor with high prevalence and mortality as a case study at both cell line and clinical levels to evaluate the model efficacy and discover potential prognostic biomarkers in Cisplatin and Epirubicin treatment. Interestingly, the CRISPR essential gene information is found to be the most important contributor to enhance the accuracy of the DROEG model. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate essential genes with multi-omics data to improve cancer drug response prediction and provide insights into personalized precision treatment.
Let’s pluck the daisy: dissection as a tool to explore the diversity of Asteraceae capitula
Authors: Fu Lin , Palazzesi Luis , Pellicer Jaume , Balant Manica , Christenhusz Maarten J M , Pegoraro Luca , Pérez-Lorenzo Iván , Leitch Ilia J , Hidalgo Oriane
Published: January 2023

Asteraceae, the daisy family, are one of the most diverse families of angiosperms and are predominant in many ecosystems, including grasslands, deserts, savannas and high-elevation mountains. They are characterized by a peculiar inflorescence, the capitulum, which mimics a flower, but is actually made up of many tightly grouped florets. The capitulum is considered a key character underpinning the impressive evolutionary success of the family, and it plays a pivotal role in the economic importance of the family, given that many species are cultivated for their capitulum for agricultural and horticultural purposes. However, to date, there is still no comprehensive understanding of the extent of the morphological diversity of capitula across lineages of Asteraceae. This is mainly due to a lack of appropriate tools for describing such a complex and condensed structure. To address the problem, we present a protocol for characterizing the full diversity of capitula from any lineage of Asteraceae. This involves making a whole dissection of a capitulum from fresh material; it is simple and cost-effective and requires relatively easy-to-transport equipment meaning that it can be done during fieldwork.