bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Various Male Breast Diseases in a Tertiary Care Centre of Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India- A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Chaudhari Kailas , Kandi Anitha , Harbade Suresh , Rathod Sameer , Jadhav Sarojini
Published: November 2022

Introduction: A small percentage of men are affected by breast diseases and awareness of male breast disease is less and presentation is often delayed due to embarrassment. The most common presentation is gynaecomastia, where cosmetic correction is sought. Over the last two decades the rate of male breast complaints increased from 0.8% to 2.4%, while 1% of all breast cancer occur in males. Aim: To study the pattern of various male breast diseases in a tertiary care centre of Aurangabad District in Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical interventional study was carried out in 44 male patients above age of 12 years coming with complaints related to breast to Department of General Surgery of Government Medical College, Aurangabad from 1st August 2017 to 31st July 2019. Detailed history was taken and any underlying causative disease/risk factor or medication if any was noted. Thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done. Ultra-sonography of breast was done in all patients. Mammography was done in three patients who were having clinical suspicion of malignancy. Continuous variables were presented as mean, Standard Deviation (SD) or median if the data is unevenly distributed. Categorical variables are expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Results: The youngest patient was 12 years old and eldest was 85 years old. In the present study, 38 benign and 6 malignant male breast diseases were diagnosed. Out of total, 33 had gynaecomastia, 2 had breast abscess, 5 Infiltrating duct carcinoma and 1 each of mastitis, eczema of nipple, sebaceous cyst of areola and primary breast sarcoma. Out of 44 patients, 12 patients underwent surgery for benign and malignant breast diseases, 24 patients of gynaecomastia were managed by reassurance, 5 males with infiltrating ductal carcinoma were managed by modified radical mastectomy and 3 patients by medical therapy. Conclusion: It was concluded that benign male breast diseases were more common and ultrasound together with mammography should be used to differentiate characteristics of benign and malignant male breast lesions.
A Case of Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Diagnosed Incidentally in a Geriatric Male
Authors: Shah Arti D , Naik Parshwa Ramesh , Patel Bhavesh M , Shah Kusum V
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of lung in which a part of the lung is supplied by an anomalous systemic blood supply from thoracic or abdominal aorta. This is a nonfunctioning lung tissue and lacks normal communication with tracheobronchial tree. It develops from accessory lung bud. If developed before pleura formation, it results in intralobar sequestration, and extralobar, if it develops after pleura formation. Usually Intralobar type of pulmonary sequestration presents in late childhood or adolescence with recurrent pulmonary infections. It is less commonly associated with foregut communication or associated anomalies, unlike the latter. Extra lobar type usually presents with respiratory distress while recurrent infections are less common. In the present case report a 76-year-old male patient was diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration. This patient was presented with recurrent respiratory infections with complaints of fever and cough with expectoration for one week. Previously the patient was misdiagnosed with recurrent pneumonia. Despite the age of patient, consideration of pulmonary sequestration as a differential diagnosis lead to investigations in that direction. This helped in prompt diagnosis and further plan of management. Misdiagnosis of this condition may have lead to development of complications like recurrent infections and abscess. These complications can be avoided by prompt surgical excisions which are curative. This case report was unique because it diagnosed pulmonary sequestration in a 76 years old patient who presented with recurrent pneumonia.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Banking among Dental Professionals: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Desai Arohi V , Kariya Pratik B , Bansal Barkha
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Stem cell therapy is new revolutionary technique which can repair many defects of human body. There are two sources of stem cells, one is embryonic and postnatal. Postnatal sites are the ones from which procuring stem cells is easiest. Dental stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth are also obtained from these sources. Dental health professionals must have understanding about dental stem cells for its application. Hence, there is need to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental professionals regarding dental stem cells. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dental stem cells and tooth banking among dental professionals of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: The study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India from December 2020 to March 2021. Total of dental health professionals participated including undergraduate (interns) and postgraduate students, dental practitioners and faculty members of dental colleges. Participants received the questionnaire in the form of a google form through email and whatsApp. The data was analysed using percentages of total and Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 711 participants, 410 were students, 44 faculties, 207 practitioners and 50 faculties and practitioner both. Among the faculty, knowledge on types of dental stem cells was significantly associated with the years of experience (p-value <0.001). Among the students, first year postgraduate students and interns had significantly less knowledge regarding various applications of dental stem cells (p-value <0.001). Among them, 52.9% participants were aware of stem cell banks in India and 55.5% were aware of names of stem cell banks. Participants suggested that seminars, journals, academic curriculum, conferences or Continued Dental Education (CDE), and advertisement and public notice all should be used to increase awareness of dental stem cells among dental professionals. Conclusion: There was adequate awareness among dental health professionals regarding dental stem cells and their applications but were unaware about tooth banking and its procedure. The study also found that there was lack of knowledge regarding steps of preservation of dental stem cells and their ethical concerns. Therefore, the topic of dental stem cells should be included in dental curriculum.
Maintenance-State Assessment Model for Building Maintenance Forecasting
Authors: Kejeh Kelachi , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Samuel Sule
Published: November 2022

This study aims to provide maintenance-state assessment model for forecasting of building maintenance condition. The selected institutions for the study were state funded hospitals and schools (14 functional out of 23 general hospitals and 2 out of 3 tertiary schools). In this study, considering the shortcomings of the most widely accepted condition survey protocol (CSP) 1 matrix, that is suitable for small projects and defect based, the study developed a model that is suitable for large projects and maintenance management system based for assessment of building’s condition. This model was developed analogous to CSP 1 matrix. Two types of ratings used are condition assessment and priority assessment. These two assessment criteria are then multiplied to determine the building maintenance rating score (BMRS). The study developed a 3x3 maintenance matrix model for evaluating building maintenance-state. It also found 25% of the buildings in “good condition” requiring only planned maintenance; 68.75% in “fair condition” requiring condition monitoring and 6.25% in “serious attention” condition.
The Mediating Effect of Students’ Resiliency on the Relationship of Self-Concept and Mathematics Performance
Authors: Agtarap Renan , Miranda Aldwin T.
Published: November 2022

Several studies have found links between students' self-concept and mathematics performance. However, few related researches has been conducted during this time of COVID-19 where learning mathematics is said to be really tough and challenging for the students. Recent articles also claimed that in this difficult times, students’ resiliency really matters towards their performance. Hence, this study investigated the mediating effect of students’ resiliency on the relationship between self-concept and mathematics performance of junior high school students. The study was conducted using descriptive - correlational method. Employing stratified random sampling, a total of 278 students were subjected to the study. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the respondents’ self-concept, resiliency, and mathematics performance. Mediation analysis was then employed to describe the mediating effect of students’ resiliency. Results revealed that the respondents’ obtained a mean rating of 2.61 level of self-concept which means that students maintained positive perception towards mathematics in this new normal. The resiliency level of 3.70 indicated that students exhibited persistence in learning mathematics in the face of adversity. Data confirmed that self-concept directly influenced mathematics performance by an estimate of 3.49, but also had an indirect effect through the students’ resiliency by 1.06. Hence, resiliency partially mediated the relationship of students’ self-concept and mathematics performance. This result supports the importance of self-concept to the students’ mathematics performance, but also stress the significance of cultivating students’ resiliency in this new normal.
Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS Analysis of the Methanol Extract of Anthocleista grandiflora Wood Bark
Authors: Sunday Haruna G. , Sadiya Abdullahi H. , Ande Ashikaa B. , Ikedi Ejiogu C. , Hauwa Madu
Published: November 2022

The plant, Anthocleista grandiflora is a member of the family Gentianaceae and commonly known as the “forest fever tree” used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. Its methanol bark extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis using standard methods and the presence of bioactive compounds was determined using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results showed the presence of flavonoids in high amount, saponins and cardiac glycosides in moderate amount while tannins, phenols, terpenoids and steroids were present in low amounts. Test for alkaloids, glycosides, anthroquinones, pholobatannins and anthrocyannins showed that they were however absent. GC-MS analysis showed plenty bioactive compounds in which Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (45%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (43%) were most prevalent. These findings supports its current use by some locals to treat stomach ulcer and further portrays it as having great potential in the treatment of myriads of diseases.
Effect of Integrated Nutrients Management on Nutrients Content and Uptake of Forage Sorghum
Authors: Bhuriya K. P. , Nagar V. L. , Bamaniya V. P. , Pargi K. L.
Published: November 2022

The field study was “Effect of integrated nutrients management on nutrients content and uptake of forage sorghum’’ was carried out during summer season at Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. Result showed that treatment T6 (100-40 N-P kg ha-1 + Azospirillum) recorded higher N, P and K content and uptake in plants. Significantly higher content N (1.56 %) and P (0.25 %) and was remained at par with treatment T3 N (1.39 %) and P T5 (0.24 %) T9 (0.24%), T11 (0.22 %) and T12 (0.23%). Significantly higher N uptake (205.7 kg ha-1) recorded in T6 and was at par with treatments T3 (179.6 kg ha-1) and T9 (184.2 kg ha-1) and P uptake (33.3 kg ha-1) recorded in T6 and was remained at par with treatments T9 (32.2 kg ha-1), T3 (31.8 kg ha-1), T5 (28.5 kg ha-1) and T5 (27.9 kg ha-1). The INM effect on potash content and uptake was found non-significant.
Frequency of Approval and Marketing of Biosimilars With a Skinny Label and Associated Medicare Savings
Authors: Egilman Alexander C. , Van de Wiele Victor L. , Rome Benjamin N. , Darrow Jonathan J. , Tu S. Sean , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Sarpatwari Ameet
Published: November 2022

This cohort study assesses the frequency of approval and marketing of skinny-label biosimilars and their savings to Medicare.
In Utero Exposure to Maternal Injury and the Associated Risk of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Rosella Laura C. , Oskoui Maryam , Watson Tristan , Yang Seungmi
Published: November 2022

Importance

Although maternal unintentional injury during pregnancy has shown negative impacts on the mother and fetus, the evidence on its long-term associations with children’s neurodevelopment is limited.

Objective

To examine the association between maternal unintentional injury and cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a population-based, longitudinal, cohort study of all in-hospital live births born between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2017, in a publicly funded health care system setting of Ontario, Canada. Infants born more than 20 weeks’ gestation were included and followed up until March 31, 2018. Excluded from the analysis were stillbirths, infants with missing or invalid records, and births with missing or invalid birth characteristics. Data were analyzed from March 1 to June 30, 2021.

Exposures

Maternal unintentional injury during pregnancy ascertained based on inpatient or emergency department diagnoses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

CP diagnosis between birth and the end of follow-up in 2018 with the CP case definition of a single inpatient or 2 or more outpatient diagnoses at least 2 weeks apart between birth and age 16 years.

Results

Of 2 110 177 children included in this study (mean [SD] gestational age, 38.8 [1.9] weeks; 1 082 520 male [51.3%]), 81 281 (3.9%) were exposed in utero to maternal unintentional injury. During a median (IQR) follow-up time of 8 (4-12) years, 5317 children (0.3%) were diagnosed with CP (292 CP cases [5.5%] were exposed to maternal unintentional injury). The mean incidence rates of CP were 4.36 and 2.93 per 10 000 child-years in the exposed and the unexposed group, respectively. Children exposed to maternal unintentional injury had a modest increase in the risk of CP, compared with those unexposed (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.50) after adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Severe injuries that resulted in hospitalization and delivery within 1 week from the injury conferred higher risks of CP (adjusted HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.29-3.68 and adjusted HR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.93-6.00, respectively). Results were robust in multiple bias analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this Canadian population-based birth cohort study, in utero exposure to maternal unintentional injury was associated with an increased risk of CP, with a higher risk with more severe injuries. These findings fill an important gap in knowledge on the potential role of maternal injury on children’s neurodevelopment outcomes. Public health professionals and stakeholders should be aware of these potential long-term consequences on offspring when designing programs and providing recommendations about safety during pregnancy. Early monitoring and developmental assessment of children exposed to maternal injury might be warranted.
Freeform Etching of Microchannels in Hydrogels by Ultrasonic Cavitation
Authors: Shojaeiarani Jamileh , Landry Thomas G. , Brown Jeremy A. , Frampton John P.
Published: November 2022

With structural similarities to biological tissues, hydrogels offer many potential applications in biomedicine. To improve hydrogel perfusion, simple microchannels can be fabricated using a variety of templating and printing approaches, but the formation of interconnected, winding, and branching channels remains a significant challenge. The cavitation‐mediated etching of microchannels in agarose hydrogels is demonstrated. An ultrasonic cavitation transducer coupled with a motorized control system is used to enable the formation of consistent microchannels within the agarose hydrogels with ellipsoid cross‐sectional areas and uniform widths on the order of 244 ± 19.5 μm. With increasing transducer voltage, the average microchannel width increases, while higher positional translation speed results in shorter dwell times and, therefore, smaller microchannels. Infusion of fluorescent dyes indicates little turbulence within the microchannels formed by the cavitation etching process. This technique can fabricate branched and complex microchannel paths. Furthermore, the mechanical and swelling properties of hydrogels with internal microchannels formed by cavitation at varying pH support future development in diverse applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomimetic lab‐on‐a‐chip systems.
Transformable Nanotheranostics Capable of Sensoring Nucleic Acid Drugs’ Spatiotemporal Behaviors
Authors: Shen Jie , Wang Jingwen , Hao Qiulian , Ji Weihong , Peng Huan , Wu Yanyue , Zhao Ruichen , Qiu Xinyu , Wang Wenli , Yang Jun , Li Yan , Zhang Tianlu , Lu Zhiguo , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2022

Nanotheranostics facilitates personalized treatment by providing imaging capabilities for nucleic acid drug vectors. However, available nanotheranostics are not yet capable of indicating the release behavior of nucleic acid drugs. Herein, four guidelines for the design of nanotheranostics are proposed. Under the guidance, transformable nanotheranostics are prepared that can sense the spatiotemporal behaviors of siRNA accumulation and release to facilitate personalized oncology treatment. The nanotheranostics sense the spatiotemporal accumulation behavior of siRNA in tumors through computerized tomography. Besides, the tumor cytoplasmic microenvironment mediates both siRNA release and nanotherapeutic agent transformation simultaneously. The transformation‐activated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals sense the spatiotemporal release behavior of siRNA. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of survivin‐targeted siRNA can be diagnosed and confirmed by contrast‐enhanced CT/MRI multi‐modal imaging in real‐time. The transformable nanotheranostics further promote personalized oncotherapy by nucleic acid drugs. These four guidelines are expected to direct the research and development of nucleic acid drug‐based nanotheranostics. This study also provides a new perspective on real‐time sensoring the spatiotemporal behaviors of nucleic acid drugs in vivo.
Multisite Captured Copper Ions via Phosphorus Dendrons Functionalized Electrospun Short Nanofibrous Sponges for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Liang , Wang Juan , Lei Yiting , Huang Yanran , Xu Jingtao , Hu Ning , Huang Wei , Cui Wenguo , Luo Xiaoji
Published: November 2022

Metal ions play an important role in promoting tissue regeneration. However, excessive metal ions can also cause certain damage to the human body. In this study, the electrospun short nanofibrous sponges (3D‐NS) functionalized with phosphorus dendrons (3D‐NS@PD) are innovatively constructed, which are capable of dynamically capturing free copper ions at multiple sites to realize the dynamic balance and physiological concentration of copper ions. First, phosphorus dendrons with the long hydrophobic alkyl chain are synthesized by substitution and condensation reactions with hexachlorocyclic triphosphazene as the core. Then, ten pyrrole groups are modified on the surface of phosphorus dendrons, some of which are grafted with copper ions by coordination method, and the remaining pyrrole groups are used to capture free copper ions at multiple sites. Furthermore, phosphorus dendrons modified with pyrrole groups are grafted onto 3D‐NS via π–π conjugation. The captured copper ions can enhance the mechanical properties of the 3D‐NS@PD, which shows stable 3D shape and reversible water absorption after repeated compression by external forces. In vitro and in vivo results show that 3D‐NS@PD effectively promotes bone regeneration by accelerating the formation of neovascularization at the defect sites and regulating the osteogenic differentiation of local bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Highly Stable and Panchromatic Light Absorbing Cs2OsX6 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) Vacancy Ordered Perovskites as Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Shanmugam Nandhini , Halpati Jigar Shaileshkumar , Chandiran Aravind Kumar
Published: November 2022

In this work, osmium‐based vacancy‐ordered double perovskites Cs2OsX6 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) are reported and the role of halides on stability, optical and photoelectrochemical properties is investigated. All these three materials crystallize in a cubic phase like Cs2SnX6 or Cs2PtX6 and possess extraordinary stability in ambient conditions and remain stable in strong acids and bases (from pH 1 to 11). One of the unique properties of these materials is that they show panchromatic visible and NIR absorption (up to 1200 nm) through ligand‐to‐metal [X (Cl−/Br−/I−) to Os] charge transfer and another NIR absorption between 1800 and 2500 nm due to Os d‐d transition. Their pH stability and panchromatic light absorption properties enabled them to be employed as photoanodes in PEC water‐splitting devices.
Light‐Enhanced Negative Differential Resistance and Multi‐Level Resistive Switching in Glutamine‐Functionalized MoS2 Quantum Dots for Resistive Random‐Access Memory Devices
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Chen Yu‐Ting , Santiago Svette Reina Merden S. , Saavedra Sheenly Anne , Chou Chih‐Lung , Chiu Kuan‐Cheng , Shen Ji‐Lin
Published: November 2022

Negative differential resistance (NDR) with multi‐level resistive switching has been investigated for realizing multi‐level memory devices. However, achieving a high peak‐to‐valley ratio of NDR is a formidable challenge for a reliable multi‐level switch. Here, a new type of a light‐enhanced NDR device accompanied with resistive switching based on glutamine‐functionalized MoS2 quantum dots has been demonstrated. By increasing the illuminated light power on the device, the NDR effect can be greatly enhanced and a peak‐to‐valley ratio as high as 15.5 has been achieved. The tunneling transport and carrier trapping of the interface states are responsible for the mechanism of the light‐enhanced NDR. Multi‐level resistive switching can be realized in the same device by adjusting the illuminated light power. A high on/off resistance ratio of ≈103 and good endurance in multi‐valued switching have been achieved, exhibiting potential applications in multi‐level memory devices.
Complex Additive‐Assisted Crystal Growth and Phase Stabilization of α‐FAPbI3 Film for Highly Efficient, Air‐Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Hock Beng , Sahani Rishabh , Devaraj Vasanthan , Kumar Neetesh , Tyagi Barkha , Oh Jin‐Woo , Kang Jae‐Wook
Published: November 2022

Solution‐processed formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite is entropically metastable, and it exhibits condition‐induced crystal polymorphism. Under an ambient atmosphere, the photoactive black α‐FAPbI3 converts easily to photoinactive yellow δ‐FAPbI3. This α → δ phase degradation is further accelerated upon exposure to high temperature/humidity, directly threatening the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, cesium iodide‐lead iodide:dimethyl sulfoxide (CsI‐PbI2:DMSO) complex is introduced as a phase stabilizer to modulate the crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 perovskite from δ‐FAPbI3 precursor and simultaneously, serve as a defect passivator to suppress trap states formation. Theoretical simulations and experimental results reveal the pivotal role of complex additive in optimizing the energy band alignment and optoelectronic properties of α‐FAPbI3 perovskite and most importantly, hindering the α → δ phase transition. The best PSC device based on the additive‐engineered perovskite film achieves an efficiency of ≈21.9%, which is ≈11% higher than that of its pristine counterpart (≈19.8%). In addition, the incorporation of CsI‐PbI2:DMSO complex remarkably enhances the long‐term stability and photostability of the PSCs by inhibiting ion migrations and preserving the α‐phase in FAPbI3 perovskite. The additive engineering presented herein offers a route to produce FAPbI3‐based PSCs with improved performance, stability, and reproducibility.
Ophthalmic Solution of Smart Supramolecular Peptides to Capture Semaphorin 4D against Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Li Ya‐Nan , Liang Hong‐Wen , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Qiu Yan‐Mei , Wang David , Wang Hai‐Ling , Chen An‐Qi , Hong Can‐Dong , Wang Lei , Wang Hao , Hu Bo
Published: November 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in working age population. Intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF antibody is widely used in clinical practice. However, about 27% of patients show poor response to anti‐VEGF therapy and about 50% of these patients continue to have macular thickening. Frequent intravitreal injections of antibody may increase the chance of endophthalmitis and cause visual loss or even blindness once happened. Therefore, there is a greatly urgent need for novel noninvasive target to treat DR clinically. Here, the formulation of a smart supramolecular peptide (SSP) eye drop for DR treatment that is effective via specifically identifying and capturing soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D), a strongly pro‐angiogenesis and exudates factor, is reported. The SSP nanostructures encapsulate sSema4D so that all biological effects mediated by three receptors of sSema4D are inhibited, thereby significantly alleviating pathological retinal angiogenesis and exudates in DR. Moreover, it is found that combination of SSPs eye drop and anti‐VEGF injection shows better therapeutic effect over anti‐VEGF treatment alone. Overall, SSP eye drop provide an alternative and effective method for noninvasive treatment for DR.
Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance and Optoacoustic Imaging of Brain‐Wide Sensory Responses in Mice
Authors: Chen Zhenyue , Gezginer Irmak , Augath Mark‐Aurel , Liu Yu‐Hang , Ni Ruiqing , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel
Published: November 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has massively contributed to the understanding of mammalian brain function. However, the origin and interpretation of the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signals retrieved by fMRI remain highly disputed. This article reports on the development of a fully hybridized system enabling concurrent functional magnetic resonance optoacoustic tomography (MROT) measurements of stimulus‐evoked brain‐wide sensory responses in mice. The highly complementary angiographic and soft tissue contrasts of both modalities along with simultaneous multi‐parametric readings of stimulus‐evoked hemodynamic responses are leveraged in order to establish unequivocal links between the various counteracting physiological and metabolic processes in the brain. The results indicate that the BOLD signals are highly correlated, both spatially and temporally, with the total hemoglobin readings resolved with volumetric multi‐spectral optoacoustic tomography. Furthermore, the differential oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin optoacoustic readings exhibit superior sensitivity as compared to the BOLD signals when detecting stimulus‐evoked hemodynamic responses. The fully hybridized MROT approach greatly expands the neuroimaging toolset to comprehensively study neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.
Evaluating genital skin color as a putative sexual signal in wild saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarins
Authors: Moreira Lais A. A. , Watsa Mrinalini , Erkenswick Gideon , Higham James P. , Melin Amanda D.
Published: November 2022

Coevolution between signalers and receivers has played a significant role in the diversity of animal signals and sensory systems. Platyrrhines (monkeys in the Americas) exhibit a remarkable color vision polymorphism that may have been selected by both natural and sexual selection, but sociosexual color signaling among platyrrhines has received almost no attention. Here, we study the color of reproductive skin among different reproductive classes in free‐ranging female saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarins, modeling color spaces, and contrasts for the different visual systems. We find that the chromatic saturation and luminance of genital color vary between reproductive classes in saddleback tamarins. Chromatic contrast between the vulva and belly is lower in the parous females (PFs) relative to adult but not currently breeding females, while achromatic contrast is higher in PFs in saddleback tamarins relative to nonparous females. However, in emperor tamarins, genital color (saturation, hue, and luminance) does not vary between reproductive classes. Overall, genital skin color variation is present in tamarins and may play a role in sexual signaling. Nevertheless, the patterns are inconsistent between species, suggesting interspecific variation. Future studies should integrate the perceiver's behavioral responses and the physical and social signaling environments into comprehensive studies of communication as well as consider the role and interaction between multiple sensory modalities.
DystoniaBoTXNet: Novel Neural Network Biomarker of Botulinum Toxin Efficacy in Isolated Dystonia
Authors: Yao Dongren , O'Flynn Lena C. , Simonyan Kristina
Published: November 2022

Objective

Isolated dystonia is characterized by abnormal, often painful, postures and repetitive movements due to sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BoTX) injections into the affected muscles are the first line of therapy. However, there are no objective predictive markers or standardized tests of BoTX efficacy that can be utilized for appropriate candidate selection prior to treatment initiation.

Methods

We developed a deep learning algorithm, DystoniaBoTXNet, which uses a 3D convolutional neural network architecture and raw structural brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to automatically discover and test a neural network biomarker of BoTX efficacy in 284 patients with 4 different forms of focal dystonia, including laryngeal dystonia, blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, and writer's cramp.

Results

DystoniaBoTXNet identified clusters in superior parietal lobule, inferior and middle frontal gyri, middle orbital gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, corpus callosum, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, and anterior thalamic radiation as components of the treatment biomarker. These regions are known to contribute to both dystonia pathophysiology across a broad clinical spectrum of disorder and the central effects of botulinum toxin treatment. Based on its biomarker, DystoniaBoTXNet achieved an overall accuracy of 96.3%, with 100% sensitivity and 86.1% specificity, in predicting BoTX efficacy in patients with isolated dystonia. The algorithmic decision was computed in 19.2 seconds per case.

Interpretation

DystoniaBoTXNet and its treatment biomarker have a high translational potential as an objective, accurate, generalizable, fast, and cost‐effective algorithmic platform for enhancing clinical decision making for BoTX treatment in patients with isolated dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:460–471
A Foldable Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery with Gear‐Structured Composite as Freestanding Cathode
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Zhu Yajun , Han Tianli , Zhang Huigang , Hu Chaoquan , Niu Junjie
Published: November 2022

A foldable battery with high flexibility provides great potential in various wearable electronic devices for health and fitness tracking, chronic disease management, performance monitoring, navigation tracking, and portable gears for soldiers. We report a highly flexible, self‐healing Zn‐ion battery with a free‐standing cathode that is composed of a 3D gear‐like NH4V4O10@C composite on carbon paper. The battery retained a capacity of up to 102.4 mAh g−1even after being folded 60 times with a high angle of 180°. An aqueous hydrogel consisting polyvinyl alcohol, glycerin and Zn(CF3SO3)2was used as electrolyte, which showed as high as 580 % tensile strain under a loading weight of 78 N. The battery exhibited a better capacity retention of over 100 mAh g−1and Coulombic efficiency of over 99.8 % after cutting and twisting to 90°, thereby indicating a great self‐healing performance. The gear‐like geometry greatly improved the volume accommodation due to the increased interval space between the blades and the outward configuration. Meanwhile the Zn2+ionic conductivity was improved by rapid re‐binding of many existing hydroxy groups from the electrolyte and the enhanced contact surface area and diffusion route from the cathode material. The highly flexible, safe aqueous Zn‐ion battery opens a practical way to power various carry‐on electronics under mechanical agitation.
Regioselective Electrochemical Hydroalkylations of [60]Fullerene‐Fused Furochromenone
Authors: Yin Zheng‐Chun , Niu Chuang , Li Mingjie , Liu Wen‐Rui , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Regioselective electrochemical hydroalkylations of [60]fullerene‐fused furochromenone with alky halides under different acidic conditions unexpectedly afford three types of tetra‐functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives in high yields. When acetic acid is used as the proton source, two 1,2,3,4‐adducts with retained or rearranged five‐membered heterocycle are obtained as major and minor products, respectively. While trifluoroacetic acid is employed as the proton source, 1,2,3,16‐adducts and 1,2,3,4‐adducts, both with the five‐membered heterocycle rearranged from [6,6]‐junction to [5,6]‐junction, are generated. Intriguingly, the obtained 1,2,3,16‐adducts can be transformed into 1,2,3,4‐adducts accompanied by rearrangement of the fused five‐membered heterocycle from [5,6]‐junction to [6,6]‐junction. These products have been characterized by spectroscopic data and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Moreover, the two 1,2,3,4‐adducts with the heterocycle fused to [5,6]‐junction or [6,6]‐junction show diagnostic UV‐vis spectra, which may be useful for the identification of these two types of 1,2,3,4‐adducts in the future. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed to elucidate the formation of hydroalkylation products in the presence of different acids.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on 1,2,3‐Benzotriazole 4‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid (BTHBA) Single Crystals for Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Applications
Authors: Sahaya Infant Lasalle B. , Manikandan A. , Senthil Pandian Muthu , Ramasamy P.
Published: November 2022

1,2,3‐Benzotriazole 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (BTHBA) is synthesized and single crystals of dimension 20 mm × 9 mm × 5 mm are grown from methanol solvent by conventional solution growth method. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction data show that BTHBA belongs to the orthorhombic crystallographic system with non‐centrosymmetric space group Pna21. The grown organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal is subjected to various characterizations like powder X‐ray diffraction, UV–vis–NIR, photoconductivity, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), and chemical etching analysis. Optimization of the molecular structure, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, natural bond orbital analysis, molecular geometry, and molecular electrostatic potential are investigated using Gaussian 09w software. The laser damage threshold value of BTHBA crystal is estimated to be 13.4 GW cm−2 using a Nd:YAG laser. The third‐order NLO susceptibility of BTHBA crystal reveals relatively high values of about 8.95 × 10−9 esu when compared with that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) (8.3 × 10−14 esu). Hence it can be effectively employed for various optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Longitudinal multidiversity pattern and the environmental drivers of riparian bird communities along submontane rivers of Changbai Mountains, China
Authors: Xu Wenyu , Gong Ye , Wang Lin , Yao Jiyuan , Wang Haitao
Published: November 2022

Riparian zones are biodiversity hotspots in montane ecosystems and are of critical conservation concern. However, studies on longitudinal diversity patterns and environmental drivers have been restricted to aquatic fauna, while the animals that rely on both river and riparian resources have been of much less concern. Here, we examined the multifaceted diversity distribution of riparian birds along longitudinal gradients and analyzed the importance of environmental factors in shaping these patterns in the Changbai Mountains. Hump‐shaped relationships between elevation and taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, as well as with the conservation value index, were evident along each of the classic submontane rivers. Forest cover, vegetation height variation, and land cover patches positively affected the taxonomic diversity indices. In addition to the species richness, fluvial geomorphology variables (river sinuosity and gravel bar) were significantly related to the phylogenetic diversity. However, there was no statistical evidence for a relationship between functional diversity and the environmental variables examined. This study emphasized the necessity of including multiple diversity measures beyond taxonomic diversity and demonstrated the importance of both terrestrial and aquatic components in shaping the multifaceted biodiversity pattern of riparian organisms living in riparian zones. The results suggested that conservation priority should be given to both rivers and banks in the middle reaches and that riparian birds could be good candidate indicators of environmental change in the submontane river‐forest ecotone.
Expanding Layer Spacing of Carbon‐Coated Vanadium Oxide via Ammonium Ions for Fast Electrochemical Kinetics in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Xingke , Gao Tinghong , Zhao Ruiya , Wu Qiaodan , Shi Kangsheng , She Ziqiang , Lu Shengshang , Xie Quan , Ruan Yunjun
Published: November 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have recently shown promise as prospective energy storage systems owing to their eco‐friendliness, low price, high security, and reversible storage. However, low specific capacity and the lack of cathode materials with a long life severely restrict the development of AZIBs. Herein, nanoflower‐like vanadium oxide nanoribbons are rapidly synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method, and the layer spacing of synthesized nanoribbons is subsequently expanded with ammonium via high‐temperature calcination in an NH3 atmosphere. The increased layer spacing of vanadium oxide facilitates the intercalation/extraction of Zn2+ and accelerates the electrochemical kinetics, resulting in a highly reversible pseudocapacitive contribution (71% at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1). The ammonium‐embedded V2O5 with the carbon‐coated NH4V4O10/C (NHVO/C) cathode shows a high specific capacity (458.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (about 90% capacity retention after 2800 cycles at 10 A g−1), which is superior to most cathode materials for AZIBs. Furthermore, reversible Zn2+ intercalation/extraction in the NHVO/C cathode during electrochemical reactions is elucidated through in situ and ex situ material characterization. The findings are expected to inspire the development of advanced vanadium‐based cathode materials for green, safe, and dependable energy storage devices for commercial applications.
3D‐printed β‐TCP/S53P4 bioactive glass scaffolds coated with tea tree oil: Coating optimization, in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial properties
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Nogueira , Arango‐Ospina Marcela , Oliveira Rodrigo Luiz Moraes Saldanha , Ferreira Igor Maia , de Moraes Elisângela Guzi , Hartmann Malte , de Oliveira Antônio Pedro Novaes , Boccaccini Aldo Roberto , de Sousa Trichês Eliandra
Published: November 2022

Bone infection treatment is a significant challenge for the orthopedic field. 3D printing is a promising technology to produce scaffolds with customized architecture, able to stimulate and support bone growth. β‐TCP and S53P4 bioactive glass (BG) are well‐known biomaterials for scaffold manufacturing. However, a multifunctional scaffold, able to inhibit microbial proliferation at the defect site, is of increasing interest to avoid infection recurrence. Tea tree oil (TTO) has aroused interest as an antimicrobial agent to minimize the use of antibiotics. Therefore, combining the regenerative potential of a bioceramic with TTO's antimicrobial properties could result in a scaffold capable of stimulating tissue growth and treating infections. In this context, this study aimed to produce and characterize 3D‐printed β‐TCP/S53P4 BG scaffolds coated with TTO. Scaffolds morphological and chemical characterizations were carried out through XDR, SEM, and FTIR analysis. β‐TCP/S53P4 BG scaffolds showed a compressive strength of ~2 MPa and 53 ± 2% of porosity. The scaffolds were coated by two different procedures, using an ethanol/TTO (EtOH/TTO) and a gelatin/TTO (Gel/TTO) solution with 5, 10, and 15% (v/v) TTO. The addition of TTO decreased MG‐63 cell viability for both coating groups, but the Gel/TTO group showed higher cell viability. The antibacterial activity of the coated scaffolds was evaluated against S. aureus and higher inhibition of colony formation was found for Gel/TTO group. Therefore, the coating with Gel/TTO was effective in terms of antibacterial activity and cell viability. Such Gel/TTO coated β‐TCP/S53P4 BG scaffolds are proposed for antibacterial bone tissue engineering.
Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology
Authors: Mlynář Jakub
Published: November 2022

This article documents the beginning of the intellectual companionship between the founder of ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel, and Edward Rose, who is most often associated with his program of “ethno‐inquiries.” I present results from archival research focusing on the contacts and collaborations between Rose and Garfinkel in the years 1955–1965. First, I describe the review process for Rose and Felton's paper, submitted to the American Sociological Review in 1955, which Garfinkel reviewed and after Rose's rebuttal recommended for publication. The paper induced Garfinkel to write an extensive commentary that has remained unpublished. Second, I discuss the 1958 New Mexico conference sponsored by the Air Force, which was an opportunity for Rose and Garfinkel to work together on topics related to common‐sense knowledge and scientific knowledge. Third, I give an overview of the ethnomethodological conferences in 1962 and 1963, supported by an Air Force grant written collaboratively by Rose and Garfinkel. Here I focus primarily on Rose's research on “small languages,” which stimulated many discussions among the early ethnomethodologists. Rose's work and exchanges with Garfinkel demonstrate the former's affinity for miniaturization as a research approach and search for ways to empiricize topics of sociological theory in locally observable settings.
Determining Invasion Depth in Superficial Pharyngeal Carcinoma by Transoral Ultrasonography
Authors: Yumii Kouhei , Ueda Tsutomu , Urabe Yuji , Fukuhara Motomitsu , Chikuie Nobuyuki , Taruya Takayuki , Kono Takashi , Hamamoto Takao , Hattori Minoru , Takumida Masaya , Ishino Takashi , Takeno Sachio
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To examine the clinical usefulness of transoral ultrasonography (US) in determining the invasion depth of superficial pharyngeal carcinoma (SPC). Determining the invasion depth of SPC is crucial for transoral surgery including determining treatment strategy. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of transoral US in determining the invasion depth of SPC.

Methods

Forty‐six patients with 51 lesions who underwent both magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging (ME‐NBI) and transoral US were included. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of ME‐NBI and transoral US findings for pathological tumor depth in SPCs.

Results

The accuracy (82.4%), sensitivity (85.2%), PPV (82.1%), and NPV (82.6%) rates of US for subepithelial propria (SEP) were higher than those of ME‐NBI and macroscopic classification, indicating that transoral US is superior to ME‐NBI in determining the invasion depth. All cases where the SEP was clearly invaded (SEP deep) could be diagnosed as SEP by transoral US.

Conclusions

Transoral US may be useful in determining the invasion depth of SPCs.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2192–2197, 2023
Risk prediction models for head and neck cancer: A rapid review
Authors: Smith Craig D. L. , McMahon Alex D. , Ross Alastair , Inman Gareth J. , Conway David I.
Published: November 2022

Background

Cancer risk assessment models are used to support prevention and early detection. However, few models have been developed for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

A rapid review of Embase and MEDLINE identified n = 3045 articles. Following dual screening, n = 14 studies were included. Quality appraisal using the PROBAST (risk of bias) instrument was conducted, and a narrative synthesis was performed to identify the best performing models in terms of risk factors and designs.

Results

Six of the 14 models were assessed as “high” quality. Of these, three had high predictive performance achieving area under curve values over 0.8 (0.87–0.89). The common features of these models were their inclusion of predictors carefully tailored to the target population/anatomical subsite and development with external validation.

Conclusions

Some existing models do possess the potential to identify and stratify those at risk of HNC but there is scope for improvement.
Barriers to medication adherence in children, adolescents, and young adults prescribed anticoagulation
Authors: Todd Kevin , Luchtman‐Jones Lori , Blackmore Anne , Hennessey Carrie , McGrady Meghan E.
Published: November 2022

Pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) thromboembolism is treated with anticoagulation, but little is known about adherence. The aims of this study were to describe barriers to adherence among children and AYAs (ages 0–25 years) prescribed anticoagulants and to explore the relationship between barriers and self‐reported adherence. Nearly 75% of patients and caregivers reported barriers, and a larger number of barriers was associated with missing at least one dose in the past month per both patient (rpb = 0.48, p = .01) and caregiver (rpb = 0.52, p = .01) report. Limitations, clinical implications, and future directions are discussed.