bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capital y negocios: el comercio agremiado de Madrid a finales del siglo XVIII
Authors: Sola Corbacho Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

A finales del siglo XVIII el sector comercial agrupado en torno a los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid era el más importante en España. La historiografía, sin embargo, apenas ha prestado atención a la dinámica que impulsaban sus integrantes si no ha sido para subrayar las escasas repercusiones que tuvo para la economía de la ciudad y de la región en donde ésta se localizaba. La mayoría de quienes han llegado a tales conclusiones han realizado sus juicios a partir fundamentalmente de las afirmaciones realizadas por los contemporáneos o, sencillamente, teniendo en cuenta únicamente las iniciativas desarrolladas a nivel institucional. Sin embargo, a través de los inventarios que realizaron en los que registraron todos los bienes que formaban parte de sus negocios queda claro que sus participaciones en la corporación tan sólo representaban una mínima parte del valor de sus establecimientos. Es más, la mayor parte del capital con el que negociaron a través de las instituciones corporativas fue invertido en el sector comercial y manufacturero peninsular. Ante tales hechos, hay que volver a preguntarse por qué no fueron capaces de introducir cambios en la organización económica española y más concretamente en la del interior peninsular.
La frontera oriental del sacro imperio en la época de Carlos V
Authors: Edelmayer Friedrich , Rauscher Peter
Published: March 2019

El artículo analiza los cambios políticos en la «frontera oriental» del Sacro Imperio en la época de Carlos V. Una primera parte discute con mucho detalle el problema de la pertenencia al Sacro Imperio, otro capítulo general trata sobre la evolución hacia fronteras lineares, todavía no terminada en el siglo XVI, entre los territorios de los diferentes miembros del Sacro Imperio y entre el mismo Imperio y sus vecinos. Después se investigan los problemas de la frontera oriental del Imperio, muy diferentes entre si en las respectivas regiones. El artículo puede por fin mostrar, que durante el gobierno de Carlos V y sus sucesores sucedieron grandes cambios en el oriente del Sacro Imperio, los que influenciaron mucho a la historia de Europa Central.
Análisis lexicométrico de El Socialista (1886-1912): un vocabulario de clase.
Authors: Fernández Mª Antonia , Fuentes Juan Francisco
Published: March 2019

En este artículo, se cuantifica y analiza la evolución del vocabulario de clase que utiliza el semanario «El Socialista» en los editoriales publicados a lo largo de sus primeros veinticinco años de historia. El resultado, expuesto en varios cuadros y gráficos, muestra las preferencias terminológicas de los socialistas españoles a la hora de definir y representar al sujeto social de la Revolución. En conjunto, resulta evidente el predominio del término «obrero», pero un análisis detallado a lo largo de estos años indica un cierto declive de obrero y su serie semántica y el ascenso de voces como «trabajador» y «pueblo», aunque el espectacular incremento del uso de esta última a partir de 1910 puede ser coyuntural y deberse al cambio de contenidos que registran los editoriales de «El Socialista» tras la elección de Pablo Iglesias como diputado. El artículo presenta también algunos elementos de comparación entre el vocabulario de clase del socialismo español y el que emplean, por la misma época, la revista francesa Le Socialiste y el órgano anarquista «La Idea Libre».
Análisis de la producción científica del Ecuador e impacto de la colaboración internacional en el periodo 2006-2015
Authors: Castillo José Antonio , Powell Michael A.
Published: March 2019

La producción científica del Ecuador en relación con otros países latinoamericanos ha sido históricamente baja, en gran parte debido a la falta de cultura científica y políticas adecuadas que promuevan la investigación, además del descuido en priorizar la investigación en las universidades. Sin embargo, en los últimos 10 años, el gobierno ha implementado diversas políticas para ayudar a remediar esta situación. Presentamos un análisis bibliométrico de la producción de la investigación ecuatoriana durante el período 2006-2015. Los resultados muestran que la producción científica de Ecuador ha aumentado 5.16 veces en los últimos años, lo que supera el crecimiento latinoamericano. Más del 80% de las publicaciones ecuatorianas incluyen colaboración internacional, principalmente con EE.UU., España, el Reino Unido, Alemania, Francia, Brasil y Colombia. Se discuten las implicaciones de política pública.
Tomato Plant Leaves Disease Classification Using KNN and PNN
Authors: Balakrishna K.  , Rao Mahesh
Published: March 2019

Plant diseases are a major threat to the productivity of crops, which affects food security and reduces the profit of farmers. Identifying the diseases in plants is the key to avoiding losses by proper feeding measures to cure the diseases early and avoiding the reduction in productivity/profit. In this article, the authors proposed two methods for identification and classification of healthy and unhealthy tomato leaves. In the first stage, the tomato leaf is classified as healthy or unhealthy using the KNN approach. Later, in the second stage, they classify the unhealthy tomato leaf using PNN and the KNN approach. The features are like GLCM, Gabor, and color are used for classification purposes. Experimentation is conducted on the authors own dataset of 600 healthy and unhealthy leaves. The experimentation reveals that the fusion approach with PNN classifier outperforms than other methods.
Wireless Enabled Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Network Application Using Asterisk PBX
Authors: Narte Odjidja Euclid , Kabanda Salah , Akotam Agangiba William , Kofi Annan Richard
Published: March 2019

This paper reechoes the need to use VOIP-based communication channels in order to reduce the heavy cost burden of communication in Sub Saharan Africa and other developing countries. We focus specifically on the context of the campus environment and implement IP PBX to cut down the cost of placing and receiving voice calls, instant messaging and voice mails with other colleagues connected to an Asterisk server on WIFI-enabled networks. We are motivated by the ease and cost-effectiveness of setting up WIFI-enabled IP network infrastructure which in recent times could be extended to allow inter-institutional linkage to allow collaboration and research.
Industrial Internet of Things - Strategic Way to Optimize the Production Environment in Small Enterprises
Authors: Šmeringaiová Anna , Pavlenko Slavko , Wittner Marek
Published: March 2019

Customization and digitization of production processes represent the current trend in the development of industrial production, to which larger and smaller companies have to adapt. Especially in small company environments it is a challenging process of modifications. Companies do not have their own capacities for the preparation and implementation of these changes. This opens up the space for company collaboration with research centers and universities. An example of such cooperation based on the current needs and possibilities of a small evolving engineering company is described in the article.
Essential dimension of the spin groups in characteristic 2
Authors: Totaro Burt
Published: March 2019

We determine the essential dimension of the spin group Spin

(n)

as an algebraic group over a field of characteristic 2, for

n

at least 15. In this range, the essential dimension is the same as in characteristic not 2. In particular, it is exponential in n. In contrast, the essential dimension of the orthogonal groups is smaller in characteristic 2. We also find the essential dimension of Spin

(n)

in characteristic 2 for

n

at most 10.
Generalized triangle groups, expanders, and a problem of Agol and Wise
Authors: Lubotzky Alexander , Manning Jason Fox , Wilton Henry
Published: March 2019

Answering a question asked by Agol and Wise, we show that a desired stronger form of Wise’s malnormal special quotient theorem does not hold. The counterexamples are generalizations of triangle groups, built using the Ramanujan graphs constructed by Lubotzky–Phillips–Sarnak.
Comment une pollution par le plomb influence-t-elle les propriétés d’une argile ?
Authors: Souli Hanène , Li Zhongsen , Fleureau Jean-Marie
Published: March 2019

In presence of water, the permeability of a carbonated clay is equal to 7.1 10-11 ms-1. In presence of lead at concentrations equal to 0.01 and 1 M, it becomes equal to 2.4 10-11 and 8.8 10-11 ms-1. Mercury Intrusion porosimetry shows that in the presence of lead, a reorganization of the pores distribution occurs. Chemical analysis show that, for the concentration 0.01 M, lead precipitates with carbonate whereas, for the concentration 1 M, the acidic pH of the samples leads to the carbonate dissolution.

La perméabilité d’une argile carbonatée saturée à l’eau est égale à 7,1 10-11 ms-1. En présence du plomb à 0,01 et 1 M, elle passe respectivement à 2,4 10-11 et 8,8 10-11 ms-1.La porosimétrie au mercure montre que la présence de plomb se traduit par une réorganisation de la distribution des pores. Les analyses montrent que, pour la concentration 0,01 M, le plomb précipite sous forme de précipités de carbonate alors que, pour la concentration 1 M, le pH acide des échantillons favorise la dissolution du carbonate.
Effet de la vitesse d’écoulement sur la dynamique de transport des microparticules dans des lits de sable et de gravier
Authors: Mesticou Zyed , Kacem Mariem
Published: March 2019

In this study, columns experiments are performed to investigate the effects of the flow velocity on the dynamics of particle transport at the micrometric scale (11µm in diameter) through porous media with various particle sizes under saturated conditions. A comparative study is conducted to characterize the influence of grain shape of the porous media on the critical velocity. Various flows are applied by considering porous bed with fine and coarse size grading at the aim to highlight the effect of the ratio of particle size to that of the grains. The experimental results show a decrease of the retention rate of particle with the increase of the velocity for both materials: sand and gravel. The dynamics of deposit differs with a progressive saturation of the retention sites in the case of the fine media, which increases with the increase of the flow velocity and results from it a decrease of the deposit kinetics. In opposite, the saturation of the retention sites is less fast with a constant retention rate because of the heterogeneity of the grains size despite a similar porosity.

Dans cette étude, des essais de colonnes sont conduits pour investiguer les effets de la vitesse de l’écoulement sur la dynamique de transport des particules à l’échelle micrométrique (diamètre moyen 11 µm) à travers des milieux poreux à différentes tailles granulométriques sous des conditions saturées. Une étude comparative de l’influence de la forme des grains du milieu poreux sur l’effet de la vitesse critique est réalisée. Différents débits sont appliqués en prenant en considération un milieu à granulométries fine et grossière dans l’objectif de mettre en évidence l’effet du rapport de tailles des particules et des grains. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une diminution du taux de rétention de particule avec l’augmentation de la vitesse pour les deux milieux : sable et gravier. La dynamique de dépôt diffère avec une saturation progressive des sites de rétention dans le cas du milieu fin, un comportement qui s’amplifie avec l’augmentation de la vitesse d’écoulement et en résulte une diminution de la cinétique de dépôt. En contrepartie, la cinétique de saturation des sites de rétention est moins rapide en raison de l’hétérogénéité de la taille des grains en dépit d’une porosité similaire.
Publication of Abstracts with Peruvian Affiliation Presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2006–2010
Authors: Beas Renato , Anduaga-Beramendi Alexander , Rojas-Ortega Alex , Cisneros-Montoya Abraham , Pereyra-Elías Reneé , Mayta-Tristán Percy
Published: March 2019

Peruvian research output is one of the lowest in South America and is limited to the work of a small group of institutions and related to few subjects, such as infectious diseases. We determined the proportion of subsequent publication and its associated factors of the abstracts with Peruvian affiliation presented to the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene annual meetings between 2006 and 2010. Approximately 27% (79/296) of abstracts were published within 6 years of presentation, with a median time to publication of 16 months (interquartile range: 9–28). In the adjusted analysis, abstracts with a higher proportion of authors from Peruvian institutions were less likely to be published (risk ratio: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.8). In conclusion, one of four of the analyzed abstracts was published. Even though this proportion is higher than that in other meetings in Peru and South America, publication rates —especially among Peruvian-only collaborations— still need to be improved.
Household Contamination of Baby Bottles and Opportunities to Improve Bottle Hygiene in Peri-Urban Lima, Peru
Authors: Rothstein Jessica D. , Mendoza Alejandra Llican , Cabrera Lilia Z. , Pachas Jessica , Calderón Maritza , Pajuelo Mónica J. , Caulfield Laura E. , Winch Peter J. , Gilman Robert H.
Published: March 2019

Feeding of infant formula using contaminated bottles may be an important transmission pathway of enteric pathogens during early life. Determinants of suboptimal bottle hygiene and the feasibility and acceptability of intervention strategies have not been well assessed. We evaluated the extent of bottle contamination, its contributing factors, and options for promoting improved bottle hygiene in a Peruvian shantytown. During Phase 1, we sampled from bottles and caregiver hands (n = 48) and processed for enumeration of total coliform and Escherichia coli colony-forming units. A semi-structured questionnaire captured bottle use and hygiene practices. Phase 2 involved the identification of candidate practices to recommend to caregivers. Phase 3 consisted of a behavioral trial in which 14 caregivers were educated about improved practices for bottle disinfection and later reported on their experiences implementing them. Fecal bacteria were detected in 43.8% of bottles sampled during Phase 1 and in 21.7% of hands. Caregivers overall did not use effective methods for disinfecting bottles, displayed misunderstandings surrounding hygienic practices, and few had ever discussed bottle hygiene with a health provider. Findings from the behavioral trial indicated that the improved practice of brushing the bottle with dish detergent for 30 seconds after every use is preferable to boiling the bottle for several minutes daily as caregivers reported that the brush was simple to use, efficient, and practical. The promotion of a bottle brush and detergent is a feasible and acceptable intervention strategy in peri-urban settings, and future research should evaluate its long-term effectiveness for reducing bottle contamination.
Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China
Authors: El zein Atallah , Dunmore Rachel Ellen , Ward Martyn William , Hamilton Jacqueline Fiona , Lewis Alastair Charles
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the variation in diurnal and nocturnal abundance of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 Oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 Nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography – time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-TOF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h night-time samples. The total concentrations of PAHs over 24 h varied between 37 and 180 ng m−3 (mean: 97 ng m−3). The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54, and 2.3 ng m−3, respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33 ng m−3), chrysene (27 ng m−3), pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo(a)pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25 ng m−3), benzo[a]anthracene (20 ng m−3) and phenanthrene (18 ng m−3). 9,10-Anthraquinone (18 ng m−3), 1,8 Naphthalic anhydride (14 ng m−3) and 9-Fluorenone (12 ng m−3) were the three major OPAHs species, while 9-Nitroanthracene (0.84 ng m−3), 3-Nitrofluoranthene (0.78 ng m−3) and 3-Nitrodibenzofuran (0.45 ng m−3) were the three most abundant NPAHs. ∑PAHs and ∑OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas phase abundance of NO, CO, SO2, and HONO indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the predominant sources for PAHs in Beijing, and also revealed the dominant source of NPAHs was secondary photochemical formation rather than primary emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas phase HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the daytime and has shown a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO (R = 0.90, P
Optimization of process models for determining volatility distribution and viscosity of organic aerosols from isothermal particle evaporation data
Authors: Tikkanen Olli-Pekka , Hämäläinen Väinö , Rovelli Grazia , Lipponen Antti , Shiraiwa Manabu , Reid Jonathan P. , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Yli-Juuti Taina
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The composition of organic aerosol under different ambient conditions as well as their phase state have been a subject of intense study in the recent years. One way to study the particle properties is to measure the particle size shrinkage in a diluted environment at isothermal conditions. From these measurements it is possible to separate the fraction of low volatility compounds from high volatility compounds. In this work, we analyze and evaluate a method for obtaining particle composition and viscosity from measurements using process models coupled with input optimization algorithms. Two optimization methods, Monte Carlo Genetic Algorithm and Bayesian inference, are used together with process models describing the dynamics of particle evaporation. The process model optimization scheme in inferring particle composition in a volatility-basis-set sense and composition dependent particle viscosity is tested with artificially generated data sets and real experimental data. Optimizing model input so that the output matches these data yields a good match for the estimated quantities. Both optimization methods give equally good results when they are used to estimate particle composition to artificial test data. The time scale of the experiments and the initial particle size are found to be important in defining the range of values that can be identified for the properties from the optimization.
The research on small-scale structures of ice particle density and electron density in the mesopause region
Authors: Tian Ruihuan , Wu Jian , Ma Jinxiu , Liang Yonggan , Li Hui , Yuan Chengxun , Jiang Yongyuan , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this paper, a growth and motion model is developed to investigate the evolution of radius, velocity, and number density of ice particles in mesopause region. In the growth model, meteoric dust from outer atmosphere and grains moving with the upward neutral wind from the mesosphere bottom serve as nuclei upon which water vapor can condense in the cold and moist condition. And the motion of the ice particles is mainly controlled by the gravity and the neutral drag force. It is shown that the radius of ice particles increases linearly with time. But the particle velocity has a complicated relationship with the radius due to the different mass densities of condensation nuclei and absorbed ice. For certain condensation core radius, the velocity of particles can be reversed at particular height, which leads to local gathering of particles near the boundary layer and small-scale structures of ice particle density on the order of a few meters. Based on the obtained small-scale ice particle distribution, the mean particle charge number and corresponding distributions of electrons are calculated by combining the dust charging processes and quasi-neutrality condition. It shows that the absorption of electrons by ice particles results in the formation of small-scale electron density structures, which can be important to the research on the cause of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE).
The sensitivity of modeled snow accumulation and melt to
precipitation phase methods across a climatic gradient
Authors: Jennings Keith S. , Molotch Noah P.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A critical component of hydrologic modeling in cold and temperate regions is partitioning precipitation into snow and rain, yet little is known about how uncertainty in precipitation phase propagates into variability in simulated snow accumulation and melt. Given the wide variety of methods for distinguishing between snow and rain, it is imperative to evaluate the sensitivity of snowpack model output to precipitation phase determination methods, especially considering the potential of snow-to-rain shifts associated with climate warming to fundamentally change the hydrology of snow-dominated areas. To address these needs we quantified the sensitivity of modeled snow accumulation and melt to rain-snow partitioning at research sites in the western United States. Simulations using the physics-based SNOWPACK model and 12 different precipitation phase methods indicated maritime sites were the most sensitive to method selection. Relative differences between the minimum and maximum annual snowfall fractions predicted by the different methods sometimes exceeded 100 % at elevations less than 2000 m in the Oregon Cascades and California’s Sierra Nevada mountains. This led to ranges in annual peak snow water equivalent (SWE) typically greater than 200 mm, exceeding 400 mm in certain years. At the warmer sites, ranges in snowmelt timing predicted by the different methods were generally larger than 2 weeks, while ranges in snow cover duration approached 1 month and greater. Conversely, the three coldest sites in this work were relatively insensitive to the choice of a precipitation phase method with average ranges in annual snowfall fraction, peak SWE, snowmelt timing, and snow cover duration less than 18 %, 62 mm, 10 d, and 15 d, respectively. Overall, sites with a greater proportion of precipitation falling at air temperatures between 0 °C and 4 °C exhibited the greatest sensitivity to method selection. These findings have large implications for modeled snowpack water storage and land surface albedo at the warmer fringes of the seasonal snow zone.
Accuracy of altimeter data in inner and coastal seas
Authors: Cavaleri Luigi , Bertotti Luciana , Pezzutto Paolo
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We carry out an inter-comparison of four different altimeters: Cryosat,
Jason-2, Jason-3, and Sentinel-3. This inter-comparison is undertaken by
checking the altimeter data against the wind and wave model results of a
given area, the Mediterranean Sea, for a 1-year period. The four data sets
are consistent for wind speed, but they show substantial differences with
respect to wave heights. The verification of a Sentinel-3 pass close to the
coast in the northern Adriatic Sea shows irregular, spiky, large, wave height
values close to the coast. This problem worsens when using high-frequency
altimeter data.
Arable soil formation and erosion: a hillslope-based cosmogenic-nuclide study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans Daniel L. , Quinton John N. , Tye Andrew M. , Rodés Ángel , Davies Jessica A. C. , Mudd Simon M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Arable soils are critical resources that support multiple ecosystem services. They are frequently threatened, however, by accelerated erosion. Subsequently, policy to ensure their long-term security is an urgent societal priority. Although long-term security relies upon a balance between the rates of soil loss and formation, there have been few investigations of the formation rates of soils supporting arable agriculture. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by presenting the first isotopically-constrained soil formation rates for an arable (Nottinghamshire, UK) and coniferous woodland hillslope (Shropshire, UK). Rates ranged from 0.023 mm year−1 to 0.064 mm year−1 across the two sites. These rates fall within the range of previously published rates for soils in temperate climates and on sandstone lithologies but significantly differed to those measured in the only other UK-based study. We suggest this is due to the parent material at our sites being more susceptible to weathering. Furthermore, soil formation rates were found to be greatest for aeolian-derived sandstone when compared with fluvially-derived lithology raising questions about the extent to which the petrographic composition of the parent material governs rates of soil formation. On the hillslope currently supporting arable agriculture, we utilised cosmogenically-derived rates of soil formation and erosion in a first-order lifespan model and found, in a worst-case scenario, that the backslope A horizon could be eroded in 137 years with bedrock exposure occurring in 209 years under the current management regime. These findings represent the first quantitative estimate of cultivated soil lifespans in the UK.
Physical and optical characteristics of heavily melted “rotten” Arctic sea ice
Authors: Frantz Carie M. , Light Bonnie , Farley Samuel M. , Carpenter Shelly , Lieblappen Ross , Courville Zoe , Orellana Mónica V. , Junge Karen
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Field investigations of the properties of heavily melted “rotten” Arctic
sea ice were carried out on shorefast and drifting ice off the coast of
Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, during the melt season. While no
formal criteria exist to qualify when ice becomes rotten, the objective
of this study was to sample melting ice at the point at which its structural and
optical properties are sufficiently advanced beyond the peak of the summer
season. Baseline data on the physical (temperature, salinity, density,
microstructure) and optical (light scattering) properties of shorefast ice
were recorded in May and June 2015. In July of both 2015 and 2017, small
boats were used to access drifting rotten ice within ∼32 km of Utqiaġvik. Measurements showed that pore space increased as ice
temperature increased (−8 to 0 ∘C), ice salinity
decreased (10 to 0 ppt), and bulk density decreased (0.9 to
0.6 g cm−3). Changes in pore space were characterized with thin-section
microphotography and X-ray micro-computed tomography in the laboratory. These
analyses yielded changes in average brine inclusion number density (which
decreased from 32 to 0.01 mm−3), mean pore size (which
increased from 80 µm to 3 mm), and total porosity (increased from
0 % to > 45 %) and structural anisotropy (variable, with
values of generally less than 0.7). Additionally, light-scattering coefficients
of the ice increased from approximately 0.06 to > 0.35 cm−1 as the ice melt progressed. Together, these findings indicate that
the properties of Arctic sea ice at the end of melt season are significantly
distinct from those of often-studied summertime ice. If such rotten ice were
to become more prevalent in a warmer Arctic with longer melt seasons, this
could have implications for the exchange of fluid and heat at the ocean
surface.
Extracting recent short-term glacier velocity evolution over southern Alaska and the Yukon from a large collection of Landsat data
Authors: Altena Bas , Scambos Ted , Fahnestock Mark , Kääb Andreas
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The measurement of glacier
velocity fields using repeat satellite imagery has become a standard method
of cryospheric research. However, the reliable discovery of important glacier
velocity variations on a large scale is still problematic because time series
span different time intervals and are partly populated with erroneous
velocity estimates. In this study we build upon existing glacier velocity
products from the GoLIVE dataset (https://nsidc.org/data/golive, last
access: 26 February 2019) and compile a multi-temporal stack of velocity data
over the Saint Elias Mountains and vicinity. Each layer has a time separation
of 32 days, making it possible to observe details such as within-season
velocity change over an area of roughly 150 000 km2. Our methodology
is robust as it is based upon a fuzzy voting scheme applied in a discrete
parameter space and thus is able to filter multiple outliers. The
multi-temporal data stack is then smoothed to facilitate interpretation. This
results in a spatiotemporal dataset in which one can identify short-term
glacier dynamics on a regional scale. The goal is not to improve accuracy or
precision but to enhance extraction of the timing and location of ice flow
events such as glacier surges. Our implementation is fully automatic and the
approach is independent of geographical area or satellite system used. We
demonstrate this automatic method on a large glacier area in Alaska and
Canada. Within the Saint Elias and Kluane mountain ranges, several surges and
their propagation characteristics are identified and tracked through time, as
well as more complicated dynamics in the Wrangell Mountains.
Soil and foliar applied boron in olive: tree crop growth and yield, and boron remobilization within plant tissues
Authors: Q. Ferreira Isabel , Rodrigues M. Ângelo , Arrobas Margarida
Published: March 2019

Boron (B) has great importance in the fertilizer recommendation programs of olive, since B deficiency is a frequent nutritional disorder. This paper reports results of the olive response to applied B from two 3-year field trials (ExpF1, ExpF2) and two pot experiments (ExpP1, ExpP2). The ExpF1 was installed in a 3-year-old orchard and the ExpF2 consisted of planting young trees with the aboveground biomass yield being recorded. In ExpP1, B was applied to the soil or as a foliar spray to the whole of the canopy. The ExpP2 consisted of the application of B to selected parts of the canopy. The concentration of B in the existing tissues receiving the spray directly and in the new shoots developing after the B application was determined. The performance of the crop, including olive yield, did not increase in ExpF1 with soil-applied B. However, dry matter yield of young plants in ExpF2 significantly increased with B application. The application of B, both as a soil fertilizer and as a foliar spray, significantly increased the B concentration in all tissues and in all experiments. From ExpP1, soil applied B proved to be a more powerful tool of delivering high amounts of B to the plant than foliar spray. From ExpP2, B was shown to be mobile in the tree to some extent, although the mobility appears to be cultivar-dependent. In 'Arbequina' the older leaves that received the foliar spray showed higher B levels than the young leaves that developed thereafter, whereas in 'Cobrançosa' this difference was not observed.
Heterogeneity, transient and persistent technical efficiency of Polish crop farms
Authors: Pisulewski Andrzej , Marzec Jerzy
Published: March 2019

Accounting for heterogeneity in the measurement of farm efficiency is crucial to avoid biases related to climate and soil quality diversity in a given area. Therefore, this paper investigates the level of technical efficiency (TE) of Polish crop farms based on several stochastic frontier panel data models with different approaches to the measurement of unobserved heterogeneity, short- and long- run inefficiency. In our study, we show that ignoring farm heterogeneity can lead to underestimation of the level of TE in conventional stochastic frontier panel data models. Moreover, we have found empirically that not accounting for heterogeneity in the Generalized True Random Effects model may lead to incorrect estimates of persistent TE. The obtained results for Polish crop farms indicate that the level of transient TE (0.81) is lower than the level of persistent TE (0.88). This result suggests that Polish farms may have, for example, problems with adopting new technologies and poor managerial skills.
Validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of ivosidenib in 10 µL mice plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Dittakavi Sreekanth , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Mallurwar Sadanand Rangnathrao , Jairam Ravi Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: March 2019

A simple, selective and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ivosidenib in mice plasma using warfarin as an internal standard (I.S.) as per regulatory guideline. Sample preparation was accomplished through a simple protein precipitation process. Chromatography of ivosidenib and the I.S. was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using an isocratic mobile phase comprising 0.2 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple reaction-monitoring mode (MRM) using the electrospray ionization technique in positive ion mode and the transitions of m/z 583.1→186.1 and m/z 309.2→251.3 were used to quantitate ivosidenib and the I.S, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 2.0 min. Linearity was established in the concentration range of 1.10-3293 ng/mL (r2>0.99). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision for ivosidenib in mice plasma were in the range of 5.72-9.91 and 5.90-10.7 %, respectively. Ivosidenib was found to be stable on bench-top for 6 h, up to three freeze-thaw cycles, in in-injector for 24 h and for one month at -80 °C. The applicability of the validated method has been demonstrated in a mice pharmacokinetic study. Following intravenous (2 mg/kg) and oral (5 mg/kg) administration of ivosidenib to mice, concentrations were quantifiable up to 24 and 48 h, respectively. The bioavailability was 61 %.
Measurement of Tensile Properties of Seersucker Woven Fabrics of Different Structure
Authors: Matusiak Małgorzata , Zieliński Janusz , Kwiatkowska Maria
Published: March 2019

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Influence of UV Radiation on the Mechanical Properties of Specimens Printed with the Use of the FDM Technique at Different Density Levels
Authors: Madej Jerzy , Śliwka Mateusz , Trzcionka Wojciech
Published: March 2019

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Laboratory Study of Soil Shear Strength Improvement with Polyester Fibres
Authors: Nguyen Giang , Nguyen Giang
Published: March 2019

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Granulation Process of Waste Tanning Shavings
Authors: Ławińska Katarzyna , Obraniak Andrzej , Modrzewski Remigiusz
Published: March 2019

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But-2-enal. Determination in workplace air
Authors: Jeżewska Anna , Woźnica Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

But-2-enal (crotonaldehyde) is a colourless liquid with
an unpleasant suffocating odour. But-2-enal occurs
naturally in food. It is mainly used for the production
of sorbic acid, a food preservative. But-2-enal is a
very toxic, highly irritating and allergenic substance –
it is suspected of causing genetic defects. The aim of
the study was to develop a method for determination
of but-2-enal, which will enable determination of
concentrations of this substance in the workplace air
in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values. The tests
were performed using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC)
with a diode array detector (DAD), equipped with an
Ultra C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5 μm). The method
consists in retaining the but-2-enal on a silica gel
coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The sample
is extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed by HPLC.
Validation of the method was carried out in accordance
with the requirements of the European standard EN
482. The measuring range of the method is from 0.1 to
2 mg/m3 for a 12 l sample of air. The following
validation parameters were obtained: limit of detection:
1.26 ng/ml (0.21 μg/m3), limit of quantification:
3.77 ng/ml (0.63 μg/m3), the overall accuracy of
the method: 5.08%, expanded uncertainty: 22%.
The developed analytical method enables selective
determination of but-2-enal in workplace air at
concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/m3, i.e. from 1/10
of the MAC value in the presence of co-occurring
substances. The method is characterized by good
precision and accuracy and meets the requirements
of the European standard PN-EN 482 for procedures
for determination of chemical agents. The developed
method of determining but-2-enal has been recorded
as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This
article discusses the problems of occupational safety
and health, which are covered by health sciences and
environmental engineering.
Chlorobenzene. Determination in workplace air
Authors: Jeżewska Anna , Woźnica Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

Chlorobenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid that
has an almond-like odor. It is used in industry as
a solvent: resins, paints and fats, raw material for the
production of plastics, as well as for the production
of phenol, aniline and nitrobenzene. Occupational
exposure to chlorobenzene vapors can occur through
inhalation, absorption through the skin or ingestion.
Harmful if inhaled, causes skin irritation. Long-term
exposure affects the central nervous system. The aim
of this study was an amendment to the PN-Z-04022-
03:2001 withdrawn from the Polish set of standards,
and validate method for determination concentrations
of chlorobenzene in the workplace air in the range
from 1/10 to 2 MAC values, in accordance with the
requirements of the standard PN-EN 482. The study
was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC)
with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with
a capillary column HP-5 (30 m x 0.32 mm, 0.25 μm).
This method is based on the adsorption of chlorobenzene
vapors on activated charcoal, desorption with carbon
disulfide, and analyzed by GC-FID. Application
of HP-5 column allows selective determination of
chlorobenzene in a presence of carbon disulfide,
aniline, phenol and nitrobenzene. The measurement
range was 2.3 ÷ 46 mg/m3 for a 15 l air sample. Limit
of detection: 6.75 ng/ml and limit of quantification:
20.25 ng/ml. Analytical method described in this paper
enables selective determination of chlorobenzene in
workplace atmosphere in presence of other solvents
at concentrations from 2.3 mg/m3 (1/10 MAC value).
The method is characterized by good precision and
accuracy and meets the criteria for the performance of
procedures for the measurement of chemical agents,
listed in EN 482. The method may be used for the
assessment of occupational exposure to chlorobenzene
and the associated risk to workers’ health. The
developed method of determining chlorobenzene
has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see
Appendix). This article discusses the problems of
occupational safety and health, which are covered by
health sciences and environmental engineering.
The Canadian Frailty Priority Setting Partnership: Research Priorities for Older Adults Living with Frailty
Authors: Bethell Jennifer , Puts Martine T.E. , Sattar Schroder , Andrew Melissa K. , Choate Andrew S. , Clarke Barry , Cowan Katherine , DeAngelis Carlo , Elliott Jacobi , Fitch Margaret I. , Frank Chris , Hominick Kathryn , Keatings Margaret , McElhaney Janet E. , McKay Sandra M. , Pitters Eric , Ploeg Jenny , Sidani Souraya , McGilton Katherine S.
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPatient engagement in research priority-setting is intended to democratize research and increase impact. The objectives of the Canadian Frailty Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) were to engage people with lived or clinical experience of frailty, and produce a list of research priorities related to care, support, and treatment of older adults living with frailty.MethodsThe Canadian Frailty PSP was supported by the Canadian Frailty Network, coordinated by researchers in Toronto, On-tario and followed the methods of the James Lind Alliance, which included establishing a Steering Group, inviting partner organizations, gathering questions related to care, support and treatment of older adults living with frailty, processing the data and prioritizing the questions.ResultsIn the initial survey, 799 submissions were provided by 389 individuals and groups. The 647 questions that were within scope were categorized, merged, and summarized, then checked against research evidence, creating a list of 41 unanswered questions. Prioritization took place in two stages: first, 146 individuals and groups participated in survey and their responses short-listed 22 questions; and second, an in-person workshop was held on September 26, 2017 in Toronto, Ontario where these 22 questions were discussed and ranked.ConclusionResearchers and research funders can use these results to inform their agendas for research on frailty. Strategies are needed for involving those with lived experience of frailty in research.
Playing Games and Learning from Shared Experiences
Authors: Wright Jessey ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2019

One way for an experience to provide an effective scaffold for learning is when the concepts and theories it is intended to help students grasp and understand can be used to productively analyze, make sense of, and discuss the experience itself. In this essay I propose that games and game mechanics can be used to create learning experiences amenable to this kind of scaffold.
A taxonomic revision of Globba subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Sangvirotjanapat Sunisa , Denduangboriphant Jessada , Newman Mark F.
Published: March 2019

Globba subsect. Nudae K.Larsen is revised. Seven species are recognised and three names are lectotypified. A key to the species and descriptions are provided. Three new species are described and illustrated: G. aranyaniae Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov., G. lithophila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov., and G. macrochila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. Four names based on types from Bangladesh, India and Myanmar remain doubtful. The morphological expression of andromonoecy in this group is described in detail. Provisional IUCN conservation assessments of all species are supplied.
Inteligencia competitiva y territorial en España
Authors: Muñoz Cañavate Antonio , Herrera-Barragán Marta
Published: March 2019

Las Agencias de Desarrollo Regional (ADR) españolas son organismos que tienen como finalidad fomentar el desarrollo de sus regiones, incluyendo el apoyo directo a las empresas establecidas en sus territorios.
Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado, a través de un cuestionario, cuyo objetivo ha sido conocer los instrumentos y prácticas relacionadas con la Inteligencia Competitiva (IC) desarrolladas por las ADR españolas: sistemas creados, tipologías informativas utilizadas, funciones de las unidades de IC, procesos formativos desarrollados, personal, plataformas informáticas utilizadas, pertenencia a redes y sistemas de promoción empleados.
El estudio, en el que han respondido nueve Agencias, señala la escasez de estructuras oficiales en lo que a la Inteligencia Competitiva se refiere, aunque existen organismos donde las políticas de Inteligencia sí están más avanzadas.
The Philosophy of ‘Fish’
Authors: Hastings-Gayle Helena
Published: March 2019

Animals occupy a unique form of experience relative to our own. Our encounters with them often lead to contemplations of human perspective and identity. This essay analyses the human-animal encounter in D.H. Lawrence’s poem ‘Fish’ and the speaker's approaches in comprehending the other. The essay extrapolates this to explore ideas of knowledge and identify the poem's challenges to anthropomorphic perspectives and Christian principles
La participation et la mise en oeuvre des conventions et engagements du Sommet Planète-Terre de Rio par le Québec
Authors: Grondin Yves-A. , Charbonneau Lucie
Published: March 2019

La participation et la mise en application des conventions et engagements du Sommet Planète-Terre de Rio par le Québec dépendaient du rapport de force constitutionnel fédéral-provincial. Pour s’assurer d’une participation au processus, le Québec et les autres provinces invoquaient leurs compétences en matières internationales et dans le domaine de l’environnement. Le Québec cherchait, de cette façon, à s’assurer un rôle dans l’élaboration et la mise en application des accords de Rio. Une collaboration fédérale-provinciale était nécessaire étant donné le partage des pouvoirs et le principe d’un fédéralisme équilibré sous-tendus dans la Constitution canadienne. Les auteurs examinent si cet équilibre du fédéralisme a été respecté dans le cadre du Sommet Planète-Terre de Rio.
Couvrez cette communauté que je ne saurais voir: Equity and Fault in the Division of Quebec’s Family Patrimony
Authors: Kasirer Nicholas
Published: March 2019

An inquiry into the role of fault in divorce may be taken as an invitation, for the Quebec jurist, to evaluate the place of misconduct in petitions for unequal “partition'' of the family patrimony. The author proposes an analysis of article 422 of the Civil Code of Québec based on a comparison with the law of family property in common law Canada. He observes a disinclination, felt in Quebec legal circles, to explore the connections between recourses under Quebec law for unjust enrichment in marriage and parallel remedies in common law. Basing himself principally on a review of rules similar to article 422 in Ontario law, he contends that a court should not allow ordinary measures of spousal misconduct to influence petitions for the unequal division of the family patrimony. Connecting the family patrimony to the statutory remedies for unjust enrichment in Ontario matrimonial law reveals a narrow idea of economic fault that underlies the judicial discretion at article 422 C.C.Q.
Le droit moral de l’auteur au Canada
Authors: Goudreau Mistrale
Published: March 2019

L’article brosse un tableau général de la protection du droit moral de l’auteur au Canada. Dans un premier temps, les débuts de ce droit en Europe et au Canada sont mis en lumière. L’article analyse ensuite les dispositions qui reconnaissent formellement le droit moral dans la loi fédérale sur le droit d’auteur, ainsi que les autres règles de droit qui protègent indirectement le lien intellectuel qui unit un auteur à son oeuvre. Cette analyse amène l’auteure à traiter de la compétence législative sur le droit moral et des problèmes constitutionnels que soulève le chevauchement des règles fédérales et provinciales en la matière.
Le crédit-bail et la vente à tempérament dans le Code civil du Québec
Authors: Grenon Aline
Published: March 2019

Rejetant la présomption d’hypothèque proposée en 1977 par l’Office de révision du Code civil, le législateur a inclus la vente à tempérament et le crédit-bail au livre cinquième sur les obligations, plutôt qu’au livre sixième sur les priorités et hypothèques. Le législateur reconnaît cependant implicitement, dans certaines dispositions, la nature hybride de ces deux transactions et leurs liens avec les hypothèques. Cette étude met en parallèle la position du législateur concernant la vente à tempérament et le crédit-bail et souligne les divergences souvent irrationnelles entre ces deux transactions et les hypothèques. En conclusion, les nouvelles dispositions du Code civil du Québec concernant la vente à tempérament et le crédit-bail sont comparées brièvement avec certaines dispositions de la Loi sur les sûretés mobilières de l’Ontario.
Qualification juridique de la négociation d’un contrat et nature de l’obligation de bonne foi
Authors: Guillemard Sylvette
Published: March 2019

Lors des relations commerciales internationales notamment, les contrats sont parfois conclus après une période de négociations au cours de laquelle les partenaires sont soumis à une norme de comportement. Cet article cherche à discerner la qualification de cette obligation précontractuelle de bonne foi, en examinant la loi qui lui est applicable et en décrivant les dommages habituellement encourus ainsi que les sanctions de la violation de l’obligation. L’auteure tentera de faire ressortir les avantages et les inconvénients pratiques des différents types possibles de responsabilité engendrée par l’obligation précontractuelle de bonne foi. Le texte met l’accent sur la très récente réforme du Code civil du Québec.