bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los márgenes de la Reforma: Petrus Ramus, el calvinismo y la autonomía del saber político
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se explica la relevancia de Petrus Ramus en la construcción de la política, en el marco de la Reforma, como una disciplina independiente. Se analizan las obras de Ramus, tanto las que escribió como católico como las que preparó en la última etapa de su vida, convertido al calvinismo, y se indica la influencia política de Ramus en un sector menor, aunque muy influyente entre los calvinistas. Finalmente se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la importancia del ramismo en la configuración de un pensamiento político calvinista.
Literatura misional y hagiografía en el siglo XIX: Jacinto Juanmartí, un misionero jesuita en Filipinas (1833-1897)
Authors: Aguilera Fernández María
Published: June 2018

Este estudio reconstruye la vida de Jacinto Juanmartí, un misionero jesuita que laboró en Filipinas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, mediante una biografía manuscrita y decenas de cartas escritas por él mismo y sus compañeros. A través de esta vida memorable se manifiestan dos aspectos novedosos en el siglo XIX. En primer lugar, el florecimiento de una nueva etapa misional, donde la fiebre humanitaria igualó al desvelo por la salvación de las almas. En segundo lugar, la aparición de diferencias significativas en la literatura misional y las hagiografías jesuitas respecto a la Época Moderna, pese a la persistencia del mensaje enaltecedor de la Compañía de Jesús.
HIV care and treatment clinic performance following President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief-funded infrastructure improvement in Tanzania
Authors: Idindili Boniphace M. , King Simon J. , Stolka Kristen , Mashasi Irene , Bashosho Philberth , Karungula Happy , Chintowa Florida , Mwakabole Godfrey , Ashburn Kimberly , Do Barbara , Goco Norman
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To assess how the infrastructure improvements supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) contributed to facility-level quarterly and annual new patient enrolment in HIV care and treatment and antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and retention in care.Methods: Aggregate quarterly and annual facility-based HIV care and treatment data from the CDC-managed PEPFAR Reporting Online and Management Information System database collected between 2005 and 2012 were analysed for the 11 rural and 32 urban facilities that met the eligibility criteria. Infrastructure improvements, including both renovations and new construction, occurred on different dates for the facilities; therefore, data were adjusted such that pre- and post-infrastructure improvements were aligned and date-time was ignored. The analysis calculated the mean (95% confidence interval) number of patients per facility who were (1) newly enrolled in HIV care, (2) patients initiated on ART, (3) patients retained in care, defined as alive and on ART, and (4) reasons for attrition, defined as transferred out, lost to follow-up, deceased or stopped ART.Results: The overall mean number of adult patients newly enrolled in HIV care clinics per quarter declined from 187.7 (151.4–223.9) to 135.2 (117.4–152.9) after infrastructure improvements but was not statistically significant (p = 0.20). However, the mean number of patients who were alive and remained on ART increased from 193.2 (145.3–241.1) to 273.2 (219.0–327.3) after improvements in both rural and urban facilities, although not significantly (p = 0.59). A similar picture was observed for overall paediatric enrolment and retention in care. Health facility-specific case studies show variations in new patient enrolment and retention in care between health facilities depending on the catchment area, population HIV prevalence and coverage of ART facilities. Regarding attrition, the mean number of adult patients lost to follow-up changed from 76.6 (20.8–132.3) to 139.4 (79.6–199.1) (p = 0.65) among rural facilities, while the mean number of children lost to follow-up increased significantly from 3.4 (0.5–6.3) to 8.7 (5.0–12.3) (p = 0.02) after improvements.Conclusion: Patient retention in care improved in HIV care and treatment facilities with infrastructure improvements. However, the overall number of patients newly enrolled and initiated on ART declined and attrition increased in facilities after improvements.
Neogene Caribbean elasmobranchs: Diversity, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cocinetas Basin assemblage (Guajira Peninsula, Colombia)
Authors: Carrillo-Briceño Jorge Domingo , Luz Zoneibe , Hendy Austin , Kocsis László , Aguilera Orangel , Vennemann Torsten
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Cocinetas Basin is located on the eastern flank of La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia (South Caribbean). During late Oligocene through Pliocene, much of the basin was submerged. The extensive deposits in this area suggest a transition from a shallow marine to a fluvio–deltaic system, with a rich record of invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. The elasmobranch assemblages of the early Miocene to late Pliocene succession in the Cocinetas Basin (Jimol, Castilletes and Ware Formations, and Patsúa Valley) are described for the first time. The assemblages include at least 30 taxa of sharks (Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes) and batoids (Rhinopristiformes and Myliobatiformes), of which 24 taxa are reported from the Colombian Neogene for the first time. Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental interpretations are based on the feeding ecology, and on estimates of paleosalinity using stable isotope compositions of oxygen in the bioapatite of shark teeth. The isotopic composition of studied specimens corroborates the paleoenvironmental settings for the studied units suggested on the basis of other proxies. These Neogene elasmobranch assemblages from the Cocinetas Basin, provide new insights of the shark and ray diversity inhabiting the coastal and estuarine environments of the northwestern margin of South America, both during the existence of the gateway between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and following its closure
Hydrometric measurements in peatland-dominated, discontinuous permafrost at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada – Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) Special Observation and Analysis Period (SOAP)
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Connon Ryan F. , Quinton William L.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The discontinuous permafrost region of northwestern Canada is experiencing rapid warming resulting in dramatic land cover change from forested permafrost terrain to treeless wetlands. Extensive research has been conducted throughout this region to gain insight into how climate-induced land cover change will impact water resources and ecosystem function. This paper presents a hydrological and micrometeorological dataset collected in the Scotty Creek basin, Northwest Territories, Canada over the course of the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) Special Observation and Analysis Period (SOAP) year of 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2015. Micrometeorological data collected from four stations located in land cover types representative of those comprising the Scotty Creek basin, including bog, channel fen, stable peat plateau and peat plateau undergoing rapid permafrost degradation and loss are presented. Monitored micrometeorological variables include incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation (rain and snow) and snow depth. Deep ground temperatures (~ 1 to 10 m below the ground surface) from a channel fen as well as disturbed sites common to the basin including a seismic line and winter road are presented. Water levels were also monitored in the representative land cover types over this period. This dataset is available from the Wilfrid Laurier University Library Research Data Repository (https://doi.org/10.5683/SP/OQDRJG) and can be used in coordination with other hydrological and micrometeorological datasets, including those from the CCRN, to examine spatio-temporal effects of meteorological conditions on local hydrological responses across cold regions.
CVPM 1.1: a flexible heat-transfer modeling system for permafrost
Authors: Clow Gary D.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Control Volume Permafrost Model (CVPM) is a modular heat-transfer modeling system designed for scientific and engineering studies in permafrost terrain, and as an educational tool. CVPM implements the nonlinear heat-transfer equations in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D cartesian coordinates, as well as in 1-D radial and 2-D cylindrical coordinates. To accommodate a diversity of geologic settings, a variety of materials can be specified within the model domain, including: organic-rich materials, sedimentary rocks and soils, igneous and metamorphic rocks, ice bodies, borehole fluids, and other engineering materials. Porous materials are treated as a matrix of mineral and organic particles with pore spaces filled with liquid water, ice, and air. Liquid water concentrations at temperatures below 0 °C due to interfacial, grain-boundary, and curvature effects are found using relationships from condensed matter physics; pressure and pore-water solute effects are included. A radiogenic heat-production term allows simulations to extend into deep permafrost and underlying bedrock. CVPM can be used over a broad range of depth, temperature, porosity, water saturation, and solute conditions on either the Earth or Mars. The model is suitable for applications at spatial scales ranging from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers and at timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of years. CVPM can act as a stand-alone model, the physics package of a geophysical inverse scheme, or serve as a component within a larger earth modeling system that may include vegetation, surface water, snowpack, atmospheric or other modules of varying complexity.
Entre o soberano e a "voluntas publica": esboço para um itinerário de conceitos na Catalunha baixo-medieval1
Authors: Tostes Rogerio R.
Published: June 2018

La transición de significados en el vocabulario político del siglo XIII demuestra la emergencia de una abstracción del poder que solo en la centuria siguiente se va a plasmar en el derecho público de base romanística. Lo que sucede en Cataluña en este período ha tenido grandes concordancias con lo vivido en el reino de Francia y el norte de Italia, donde el príncipe se convierte en el dominus potestatis en el contexto general de un gran mosaico jurisdiccional. Su figura evolucionó desde la autoridad del vínculo feudal a la abstracción de un eje jurídico, que permitiría superar el deber militar del vasallo a favor de la obligación universal del súbdito. Así, el rey actuaría por encima de una general jurisdicció que fortalecería su autoridad al mismo tiempo que la limitaba, mediante el acuerdo moral-religioso de la res publica christiana. La obra de juristas y teólogos en el Principado dirigía así la competencia del rey al estatus de figura pública, la cual, antes de forjar la autocracia monárquica, aislaría la voluntad personal del monarca en un concepto diferente de soberanía.
Ana Mariscal: La primera productora y directora cinematográfica en la postguerra española censurada
Authors: Gutiérrez San Miguel Begoña , Calvo Ortega Elena
Published: June 2018

Ana Mariscal conocida en su faceta de actriz de la postguerra, fue una de las pioneras en el campo de la producción y dirección cinematográfica española. Faceta oscurecida, ninguneada y censurada por el régimen de la época, realizó una de las pocas películas Neorrealistas españolas, Segundo López aventurero urbano, en donde presenta un Madrid arrasado por la guerra en donde los personajes buscan sobrevivir haciendo trabajos temporales, tales como recoger colillas, trasladar muebles y vender flores de papel. Una ciudad medio derruida, con las marcas de la contienda en sus calles y edificios. El Camino, adaptación de la obra de Delibes fue la única película que tuvo ciertas facilidades para ser estrenada. También fue guionista y escritora, su libro Hombres, vetado por la censura franquista no pudo ser publicado hasta el año 1992. Mujer contradictoria en su ideología, representó a los desheredados de la tierra en la búsqueda del rostro humano como reflejo de la realidad.
The interpretation of the mass-count distinction across languages and populations: Introduction
Authors: Lin Jing , Hacohen Aviya , Schaeffer Jeannette
Published: June 2018

In this special collection we bring together experimental studies on the semantic and cognitive correlates of the syntactic mass-count distinction in different (learner) populations and typologically diverse languages. Although the theoretical distinction between mass and count has been investigated extensively in many different adult languages, experimental research on how this distinction is interpreted by different types of learners and speakers is far rarer. The aim of the current special collection is thus to provide a unique set of highly controlled cross-linguistic and cross-population data that helps us further examine various theories of the syntactic mass-count distinction and the interactions between language, cognition and the world.
VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NO BULLYING: UM ESTUDO DE CASO COM MENINOS E MENINAS EM UMA ESCOLA DO LITORAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Wienskoski Chrystiane , Wanzinack Clóvis
Published: June 2018

O bullying é uma atitude agressiva, intencional e repetitiva adotada por uma ou mais pessoas contra outras podendo causar dor e angústia a vítima. Quando acontece na escola resulta no comprometimento da aprendizagem, da vontade de estudar e de todo o ambiente educativo. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o conceito do bullying e estudar os comportamentos relatados pelos/as adolescente acerca das características do bullying na escola em estudo. A metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se em observação do problema, busca nas produções científicas através de referências teóricos e pesquisa através de um survey aplicado no período de março de 2016. A pesquisa teve um n=100 alunos/as de um colégio situado no município em Matinhos, Litoral do Paraná. Os resultados coletados mostram que 52% dos meninos e 48% das meninas sofrem bullying no ambiente escolar e na maioria das vezes dentro de sala de aula. O bullying verbal por meio de xingamentos e apelidos é o mais comum segundo as vítimas e poucos/as procuram ajuda de familiares e dos/as professores/as. Uns preferem se calar outros/as resolver o problema sozinho/a. Deste modo, sugere-se a intensificação de estudos relacionados ao assunto e o desenvolvimento de ações e programas que envolvam a comunidade escola, em parceria com o Conselho Tutelar, a Patrulha Escolas e demais órgãos ligados à proteção da criança e do/a adolescente. E acima de tudo, haja um alarde para que essas vítimas se sintam protegidas a ponte de pedir ajuda.
Editorial
Authors: Angelin Paulo Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Editorial da Divers@!, v. 9, n. 1-2, jan./dez. 2016.
Comentarios sobre a vocalitá no período de transição da ópera Italiana
Authors: Virmond Marcos , Nogueira Lenita
Published: June 2018

O Período de Transição na ópera italiana do século XIX compreende os anos de 1870 até 1890. As características definidoras deste período são uma rejeição definitiva da forma solita Rossiniana, a construção flexível do drama musical, a rejeição gradual da ópera de números e a adesão ao modelo francês da grande ópera. G. Verdi torna-se recluso, compondo apenas Aida e Otello e uma janela de oportunidade se abre por um breve período e, pelo menos, dois nomes - Amilcare Ponchielli e Antônio Carlos Gomes - aproveitam esta oportunidade para apresentar sua produção. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever brevemente esse período da ópera italiana e discutir uma de suas características, a vocalitá usada pelos compositores deste período relevante para a história da ópera italiana. O drama se torna o ponto principal do canto e as acrobacias vocais tornaram-se sem sentido em oposição aos princípios do bel canto. O compositor mudou sua maneira de escrever, de uma vocalitá ornamental, melismática para uma silábica. Cada palavra, cada sílaba é importante e a compreensão do que os cantores cantaram é agora mais relevante. Assim, o termo vocalitá pode ser entendido como a característica vocal de uma música ou a forma como um compositor usa a voz em sua composição: isto é, a qualidade da música vocal sob um determinado compositor ou período estilístico.
A new genus and three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka
Authors: Kanesharatnam Nilani , Benjamin Suresh P.
Published: June 2018

A new genus of jumping spiders, Bavirectagen. nov. is proposed to include the type species B. flavopuncta gen. et sp. nov. and Bavirecta exilis (Cao et al., 2016) gen. et comb. nov. Distinguishing characters of Bavirecta gen. nov. include: 1) tubular abdomen, 2) enlarged front legs, 3) straight and pointed embolus, broadest proximal lobe with black blotches, 4) prolateral tegular lobe, 5) widely separated anterior atria. Furthermore, two new species, Schenkelia aurantia sp. nov. (♂♀) and Brancus calebi (♂) sp. nov., are described and diagnosed. Mogrus frontosus (Simon, 1871) is redescribed based on a male collected from Mandaitivu Island of Jaffna District in Sri Lanka. The genera Brancus Simon, 1902, Mogrus Simon, 1882 and Schenkelia Lessert, 1927 are reported for the first time from Sri Lanka (Brancus and Schenkelia are recorded for the first time outside Africa).
Einfluss von Umlenkbelastungen auf die Ermüdung von Spanngliedern im nachträglichen Verbund
Authors: Remitz Jörn , Empelmann Martin
Published: June 2018

Bei Spanngliedern im nachträglichen Verbund treten im Bereich von Umlenkungen im Kontaktbereich zwischen Spannstahl und Hüllrohr hohe Umlenkbelastungen auf. Diese können unter zyklischer Belastung zu Reibdauerbeanspruchungen zwischen Spannstahl und Hüllrohr führen und die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Spannstahls reduzieren. Da die Umlenkbelastung auf die am Hüllrohr anliegenden Spannstähle maßgeblich von der Spannstahlanordnung und ‐anzahl im Hüllrohr abhängig ist, wurden zunächst zugelassene Spanngliedkonfigurationen hinsichtlich der, aus der Spannstahlanordnung entstehenden, lokalen Kontaktkräfte zwischen Spannstahl und Hüllrohr untersucht (Stapelfaktor). Um die Auswirkungen der resultierenden Umlenkbelastungen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten des Spannstahls zu bestimmen, wurde anschließend die am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig vorhandene Datenbank mit Ermüdungsversuchen ausgewertet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Spannstahlanordnung und ‐anzahl im Hüllrohr als auch die resultierende Umlenkbelastung auf einzelne Spannstähle einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das Ermüdungsverhalten von Spanngliedern haben. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und darauf aufbauend ein Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung von Umlenkbelastungen beim Nachweis der Ermüdung von Spanngliedern im nachträglichen Verbund vorgestellt.
Addressing the Effects of Size‐dependent Absorption, Scattering, and Near‐field Enhancements in Plasmonic Catalysis
Authors: Geonmonond Rafael S. , da Silva Anderson G. M. , Rodrigues Thenner S. , de Freitas Isabel C. , Ando Rômulo A. , Alves Tiago V. , Camargo Pedro H. C.
Published: June 2018

Studies on surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mediated catalytic transformations have focused on quantification of reaction rates and investigation on enhancement mechanisms. However, the establishment of structure‐performance relationships remains limited. For instance, the importance of nanoparticle size remains overlooked, and relatively large nanoparticles (>50 nm in size) are generally employed as catalysts. Herein, we unravel how plasmon decay pathways (absorption and scattering efficiencies) and electric field enhancements as a function of size dictate plasmonic catalytic performances. We employed Ag NPs having 12–50 nm in size as a proof‐of‐concept catalysts, and the LSPR‐mediated oxidation of p‐aminothiophenol to p,p′‐dimercaptoazobenzene as a model reaction. Our data and simulations revealed that the LSPR‐mediated activities displayed a volcano‐type variation with size, which was dependent on the balance among near field enhancements, absorption, and scattering. As this transformation is driven by the charge‐transfer of LSPR‐excited hot‐electrons to adsorbed O2 molecules, the variations in the optical absorption as a function of size represented the dominant contribution to the plasmonic catalytic activities. We believe our results shed important insights over the optimization of physical and chemical parameters in plasmonic nanoparticles in order to maximize plasmonic catalytic activities.
Parsing Stem Cell Lineage Development Using High Content Image Analysis of Epigenetic Spatial Markers
Authors: Kim Joseph J. , Moghe Prabhas V.
Published: June 2018

This unit describes a protocol for acquiring and analyzing high‐content super‐resolution images of human stem cell nuclei for the characterization and classification of the cell differentiation paths based on distinct patterns of epigenetic mark organization. Here, we describe the cell culture, immunocytochemical labeling, super‐resolution imaging parameters, and MATLAB‐based quantitative image analysis approaches for monitoring human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as the cells differentiate towards various lineages. Although this protocol uses specific cell types as examples, this approach could be easily extended to a variety of cell types and nuclear epigenetic and mechanosensitive biomarkers that are relevant to specific cell developmental scenarios. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mechanism of Magnesium's Influence on Calcium Carbonate Crystallization: Kinetically Controlled Multistep Crystallization
Authors: Zhang Jie , Dong Chunhua , Sun Yuzhu , Yu Jianguo
Published: June 2018

Crystallization of calcium carbonate under high concentration of magnesium (Mg/Ca > 5) follows a multistep pathway that is controlled by kinetics. There is a high concentration of calcium ions (supersaturated) that stably coexisted with the amorphous calcium carbonate and monohydrocalcite in our experiments. The authors propose that most of the calcium ions in the solution existed as the prenucleation cluster that had been stabilized by the hydrated magnesium ions. The dehydration free energy barrier of magnesium is higher than that of removing hydrated magnesium ions from the prenucleation cluster. Thereby, the prenucleation cluster slowly evolves into a more ordered structure by removing the hydrated magnesium ions, which is faster than the dehydration of magnesium. In addition, the crystallization via the agglomeration of the prenucleation clusters is one of the major pathways. However, before transforming into more ordered structure with less hydrated magnesium ions, prenucleation cluster was inactive in agglomeration. Thus, the oscillation of calcium concentration is observed in the continuous feeding crystallization reactor, due to the accumulation of active prenucleation cluster before rapid crystallization happened in the solution.
A New Synthetic Strategy of Ag‐TiO2 Nanocomposites Based on Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer under Visible Light Irradiation: Characterizations and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yang Zhen , Xing Zheng , Xu JiCheng , Liu Xiang , Lei YuBin
Published: June 2018

Ag‐TiO2 nanocomposites are green‐synthesized by photodeposition based on ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) for the first time. Ag+ is photoreduced into Ag nanoparticles under visible light irradiation and precipitated on the surface of TiO2 (P25) nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of as‐synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)‐visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of Ag‐TiO2 is evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. 5.0 wt% Ag‐P25 nanocomposite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, mainly owing to the lowest recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Addition of different scavengers proved that photogenerated electrons and contributed to the photocatalytic decolorization of MO. The as‐prepared Ag‐P25 nanocomposites had better photocatalytic ability than that of bare P25. Thus, the LMCT‐sensitization‐induced visible light reduction method is helpful for the green synthesis of photocatalytic nanomaterials and potentially applicable to pollutant remediation.
Selecting and adapting tasks for mixed‐level English as a second language classes
Authors: Abbott Marilyn L.
Published: June 2018

English as a second language teachers often find themselves teaching classes of heterogeneous students who have very divergent English language skills, abilities, and learning needs. One effective approach to address some of the challenges teachers face when teaching heterogeneous, mixed‐level classes is task‐based language teaching (TBLT). TBLT begins with a needs analysis to determine the types of real‐life tasks learners need to accomplish, and then classroom tasks are developed to meet the learners’ language use needs. This article provides teachers with information on three task‐based language teaching frameworks to guide their selection and design of classroom tasks. The task frameworks illustrate how to select and modify the instructional content, learning process, and products to match students’ language proficiency levels and needs. Numerous examples of task modifications and ideas for adapting authentic resources are presented.
Normen für Lecksuche und Dichtheitsprüfung
Authors: Konwitschny Rudolf
Published: June 2018

Standards for leak detection and leak testing

This article summarizes national and international standards of relevance for leak detection and tightness control. Content of regulations of special interest for vacuum technology is presented. In addition, regulations are introduced which are of relevance for industrial tightness control.
Neutronen für die Analyse von Wasserstoff in Festkörpern
Authors: Foest R. , Schmidt M. , Kruth A. , Richter D. , Schmidt S. M.
Published: June 2018

Neutrons for the analysis of hydrogen in solids

Recent advancement of renewable energy applications lead to increased focus in materials and surface science on hydrogen technologies. Neutron‐based analytical methods are wellsuited to detect structural sites and dynamics of hydrogen in solids. Because of its large incoherent scattering cross‐section, very small quantities of hydrogen are detectable. This article gives an overview over fundamental aspects of neutron methods and discusses some selected examples of analysis techniques. Results of structural investigations, for kinetics observed by quasielastic scattering as well as decomposition mechanisms investigated by non‐elastic scattering are shown for alanates, as important materials for hydrogen storage. Furthermore, small angle diffraction studies of the mesoscopic structure of polymer membranes and of electrodes for fuel cells are presented. Finally, observations of geometric changes in thin metal oxide layers due to incorporation of hydrogen by neutron reflectometry are described.
Interval projections of self-similar sets
Authors: FARKAS ÁBEL
Published: June 2018

We show if $K$ is a self-similar $1$-set that either satisfies the strong separation condition or is defined via homotheties then there are at most finitely many lines through the origin such that the projection of $K$ onto them is an interval.
Nonlinear mean-field dynamo and prediction of solar activity
Authors: Safiullin N. , Kleeorin N. , Porshnev S. , Rogachevskii I. , Ruzmaikin A.
Published: June 2018

We apply a nonlinear mean-field dynamo model which includes a budget equation for the dynamics of Wolf numbers to predict solar activity. This dynamo model takes into account the algebraic and dynamic nonlinearities of the$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$effect, where the equation for the dynamic nonlinearity is derived from the conservation law for the magnetic helicity. The budget equation for the evolution of the Wolf number is based on a formation mechanism of sunspots related to the negative effective magnetic pressure instability. This instability redistributes the magnetic flux produced by the mean-field dynamo. To predict solar activity on the time scale of one month we use a method based on a combination of the numerical solution of the nonlinear mean-field dynamo equations and the artificial neural network. A comparison of the results of the prediction of the solar activity with the observed Wolf numbers demonstrates a good agreement between the forecast and observations.
An assessment of mosquito collection techniques for xenomonitoring of anopheline-transmitted Lymphatic Filariasis in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Millicent , Minetti Corrado , Kartey-Attipoe Worlasi D. , Otoo Sampson , Otchere Joseph , Gomes Bruno , de Souza Dziedzom K. , Reimer Lisa J.
Published: June 2018

Monitoring vectors is relevant to ascertain transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF). This may require the best sampling method that can capture high numbers of specific species to give indication of transmission. Gravid anophelines are good indicators for assessing transmission due to close contact with humans through blood meals. This study compared the efficiency of an Anopheles gravid trap (AGT) with other mosquito collection methods including the box and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention gravid, light, exit and BioGent-sentinel traps, indoor resting collection (IRC) and pyrethrum spray catches across two endemic regions of Ghana. The AGT showed high trapping efficiency by collecting the highest mean number of anophelines per night in the Western (4.6) and Northern (7.3) regions compared with the outdoor collection methods. Additionally, IRC was similarly efficient in the Northern region (8.9) where vectors exhibit a high degree of endophily. AGT also showed good trapping potential for collectingAnopheles melaswhich is usually difficult to catch with existing methods. Screening of mosquitoes for infection showed a 0.80–3.01%Wuchereria bancroftiand 2.15–3.27%Plasmodiumspp. inAnopheles gambiae. The AGT has shown to be appropriate for surveyingAnophelespopulations and can be useful for xenomonitoring for both LF and malaria.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF OREOCHARIS (GESNERIACEAE) FROM NORTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Möller M. , Atkins H. J. , Bramley G. L. C. , Middleton D. J. , Baines R. , Nguyen V. D. , Bui H. Q. , Barber S.
Published: June 2018

Two new species of Oreocharis, O. tribracteata and O. rufescens, are described and a key to the species in Vietnam is provided. The new species have distinct features not previously, or rarely, observed in the genus, both showing the partial fusion of the calyx lobes into a tube, and the presence of three bracts in Oreocharis tribracteata.
Trench Bending Initiation: Upper Plate Strain Pattern and Volcanism. Insights From the Lesser Antilles Arc, St. Barthelemy Island, French West Indies
Authors: Legendre L. , Philippon M. , Münch Ph. , Leticée J. L. , Noury M. , Maincent G. , Cornée J. J. , Caravati A. , Lebrun J. F. , Mazabraud Y.
Published: June 2018

The upper plate deformation pattern reflects the mechanical behavior of subduction zones. Here we focus on the consequences of the entrance of a buoyant bank into the Caribbean subduction zone during the Eocene by studying the oldest exposed rocks belonging to the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc. Using a novel geochronological data set, we show that the volcanic arc activity on the island of St. Barthelemy spanned over the mid‐Eocene to early Miocene with a westward migration of the tectono‐volcanic activity, which is comparable to what has already been observed on other volcanic islands in the Lesser Antilles. The kinematics analysis allows us to identify a switch in the stress field from pure to radial extension at the Oligo‐Miocene hinge with a subhorizontal σ3 that has a mean trend of N20°. A three‐step restoration of the regional deformation indicates that this switch from pure parallel‐to‐the‐trench extension to radial extension may reflect a strain partitioning initiation affecting the upper Caribbean Plate in response to trench bending that followed the entrance of the Bahamas Bank into the subduction zone. We show that the northern end of the Lesser Antilles arc shows a tectono‐volcanic evolution which is similar to the southern one. The north‐south dichotomy in the perpendicular‐to‐the‐trench extension, 15% in the north versus 30% in the south, may reflect different slab ends that are highly curved to the north (restraining the extension in the upper plate) versus a tear to the south (allowing a larger amount of extension within the upper plate).
High throughput screening of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human differentiated myotubes identifies novel enhancers of muscle performance in aged mice
Authors: Biesemann Nadine , Ried Janina S. , Ding-Pfennigdorff Danping , Dietrich Axel , Rudolph Christine , Hahn Steffen , Hennerici Wolfgang , Asbrand Christian , Leeuw Thomas , Strübing Carsten
Published: June 2018

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to age-related muscle loss and functional impairment. Therefore, we developed a high throughput screening strategy that enabled the identification of compounds boosting mitochondrial energy production in a human skeletal muscle cell model. Screening of 7949 pure natural products revealed 22 molecules that significantly increased oxygen consumption and ATP levels in myotubes. One of the most potent compounds was the flavanone hesperetin. Hesperetin (10 µM) increased intracellular ATP by 33% and mitochondrial spare capacity by 25%. Furthermore, the compound reduced oxidative stress in primary myotubes as well as muscle tissue in vivo. In aged mice administration of hesperetin (50 mg/kg/d) completely reverted the age-related decrease of muscle fiber size and improved running performance of treated animals. These results provide a novel screening platform for the discovery of drugs that can improve skeletal muscle function in patients suffering from sarcopenia or other disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Liquid electrolyte informatics using an exhaustive search with linear regression
Authors: Sodeyama Keitaro , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Nakayama Tomofumi , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Okada Masato
Published: June 2018

ES-LiR method, which is data-driven information technique, accurately estimates coordination energy of liquid electrolyte and extracts the descriptors.
Dual electrical switching permeability of vesicles via redox-responsive self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers and polyoxometalates
Authors: Chong Dandan , Tan Junyan , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Yue , Wan Xinhua , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2018

Electro-responsive vesicles were demonstrated based on an amphiphilic block copolymer PEO114-b-P(DCH-Ru)n and an inorganic nanoparticle polyoxometalate H3PMo12O40 (PMo12) via electrostatic interactions.
Loss of water from protonated polyglycines: interconversion and dissociation of the product imidazolone ions
Authors: Lam K. H. Brian , Lau Justin Kai-Chi , Lai Cheuk-Kuen , Chu Ivan K. , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Hopkinson Alan C. , Siu K. W. Michael
Published: June 2018

Imidazolones formed from polyglycines are located at the centre of the peptide backbone and dissociate more easily than interconvert.
High energy density in PVDF nanocomposites using an optimized nanowire array
Authors: Guo Ru , Luo Hang , Liu Weiwei , Zhou Xuefan , Tang Lin , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Dou
Published: June 2018

Introducing PZT as the coating layer of TiO2 nanowire arrays, the obtained TiO2-P/PVDF nanocomposite achieved a high permittivity and breakdown electric field of 53 at 1 kHz and 550 kV mm−1, respectively, resulting in a higher discharged energy density of 12.4 J cm−3.
Remote manipulation of upconversion luminescence
Authors: Wang Yu , Zheng Kezhi , Song Shuyan , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Xiaogang
Published: June 2018

Remote manipulation strategies on luminescent performances of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for emerging applications.
Bioinformatics analysis of CYP1B1 mutation hotspots in Chinese primary congenital glaucoma patients
Authors: Ou Zhiying , Liu Guangjian , Liu Wenping , Deng Yehua , Zheng Ling , Zhang Shu , Feng Guangqiang
Published: June 2018

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an inherited blinding eye disease. The CYP1B1 gene was identified as a causal gene for PCG, and many mutations have been found, but no studies have focussed on the molecular epidemiology of CYP1B1 in Chinese populations. We aimed to explore the CYP1B1 mutation hotspots in Chinese PCG patients and the possible impact of these mutations on the protein structure and function. First, we performed a meta-analysis on seven datasets of Chinese populations and found L107V and R390H to be the most common CYP1B1 mutations with allele frequencies of 3.19% and 3.09%, respectively. Then, a series of bioinformatics tools were applied to determine the sequence conservative properties, model the 3D structures, and study the dynamics changes. L107 and R390 are highly conserved residues in close proximity to the hemoglobin-binding region and the active site cavity (ASC), respectively. The mutations changed the distribution of hydrogen bonds and the local electrostatic potential. Long-term molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the destabilization of the mutant proteins, especially at the ASC, whose solvent-accessible surface areas (SASAs) were significantly decreased. Compared with the wild-type (WT) protein, the overall structures of the mutants are associated with subtle but significant changes, and the ASC seems to adopt such structures that are not able to perform the WT-like functionality. Therefore, L107V and R390H might be the most important pathogenic mutations in Chinese PCG patients.
Low Carb – Trend oder optimale Ernährung?
Authors: Rust Petra
Published: June 2018

Seit 30 Jahren laufen kontroverse Debatten über die optimale Ernährung zur Senkung des Risikos für Übergewicht, Diabetes mellitus und
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Manche Autoren sind der Überzeugung, dass ein Anstieg der Kohlenhydratzufuhr zulasten der Fettzufuhr für die Adipositasepidemie in
Nordamerika und manchen Teilen Europas verantwortlich ist. Dem widersprechen allerdings ansteigende Adipositasraten in China, wo die traditionelle „Low Fat,
High Carb“ Ernährung durch eine relativ fettreiche und kohlenhydratärmere Diät verdrängt wurde.
Cadaveric Study of Angiosomes of Anterior Tibial and Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Authors: Paranjape V. , Kulkarni J. , Swamy P.V. , Shevade S.
Published: June 2018

Introduction Angiosome formed by Anterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery supply the ankle and the dorsum of foot. Both the vessels shows variation in termination and branching pattern.

Materials and Methods 50 free formalin preserved limbs were dissected for the study.

Results and Conclusion Anterior tibial artery showed variation in termination in 16%, most common of them was formation of loop with perforating branch of peroneal artery in 10%, bifurcation in to medial and lateral tarsal artery in 4% and trifutcation in 2%. Branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artey was variable in 18%, medial and lateral tarsal arteries were not branches of dorsalis pedis artery in 14% and 16% respectively. Arcuate artery was absent in 10%, when present it was branch of dorsalis pedis artery in 96%, perforating branch of peroneal artery in 2% and loop of medial and lateral tarsal artery in 2%. First dorsal metatarsal artery was not branch of dorsalis pedis artery in 4%. Lateral tarsal artery was constantly found in all the dissected limbs. Thorough knowledge of variation about branching pattern of arterial tree is clinically important for accuracy in interpretation of angiographs, Doppler study of lower limb vessels and optimum use of vascular pedicle for myocutaneous flaps. Importance of palpation of peripheral pulse in lateral tarsal artery is discussed in the study.
Toxoplasmic Infection-induced Injury in the Ileal Myenteric Plexus in Rats Depends on the Dose of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts
Authors: Tironi L. , Beraldi E. , Borges S. , Massocato C. , Vieira S. , Sant'ana D. , Araújo E. , Buttow N.
Published: June 2018

Introduction The present study evaluated the effects of different inocula of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on the ileal myenteric plexus in rats.

Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were distributed into four groups: control group (CG; which received saline solution) and groups that were infected with 100 (TG100), 1000 (TG1000), and 5000 (TG5000) T. gondii oocysts. Thirty days after infection, the rats were sacrificed, and the ileum was collected to make whole-mount preparations that were subjected to immunofluorescence staining to observe the general neuronal population (HuC/D), nitrergic neurons (nNOS), and enteric glial cells (S100). Morphometric and quantitative analyses of myenteric neurons were performed.

Results The infections with different T. gondii inocula did not cause neuronal or glial loss, but cause neuronal hypertrophy in general population and nitrergic subpopulation in infected groups. Conclusion: Changes in neuronal morphology were observed in the TG5000 group, including the presence of vacuoles, translocation of Hu protein to the nucleus, and dendritic distortions, suggesting functional alterations in these cells.
Molecular dynamics studies of fundamental bulk properties of palladium hydrides for hydrogen storage
Authors: Zhou X. W. , Heo T. W. , Wood B. C. , Stavila V. , Kang S. , Allendorf M. D.
Published: June 2018

Solid-state hydrogen storage materials undergo complex phase transformations whose behavior are collectively determined by thermodynamic (e.g., Gibbs free energy), mechanical (e.g., lattice and elastic constants), and mass transport (e.g., diffusivity) properties. These properties depend on the reaction conditions and evolve continuously during (de)hydrogenation. Thus, they are difficult to measure in experiments. Because of this, past progress to improve solid-state hydrogen storage materials has been prolonged. Using PdHx as a representative example for interstitial metal hydride, we have recently applied molecular dynamics simulations to quantify hydrogen diffusion in the entire reaction space of temperature and composition. Here, we have further applied molecular dynamics simulations to obtain well-converged expressions for lattice constants, Gibbs free energies, and elastic constants of PdHx at various stages of the reaction. Our studies confirm significant dependence of elastic constants on temperature and composition. Specifically, a new dynamic effect of hydrogen diffusion on elastic constants is discovered and discussed.
Superior mechanical flexibility and strained-engineered direct-indirect band gap transition of green phosphorene
Authors: Yang Guang , Ma Tianxing , Peng Xihong
Published: June 2018

Most recently, a phosphorus allotrope called green phosphorus has been predicted, which has a direct bandgap up to 2.4 eV, and its single-layer form termed green phosphorene shows high stability. Here, the mechanical properties and the uniaxial strain effect on the electronic band structure of green phosphorene along two perpendicular in-plane directions were investigated. Remarkably, we found that this material can sustain a tensile strain in the armchair direction up to a threshold of 35% which is larger than that of black phosphorene, suggesting that green phosphorene is more puckered. Our calculations also show that the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio in the zigzag direction are four times larger than those in the armchair direction, which confirms the anisotropy of the material. Furthermore, the uniaxial strain can trigger the direct-indirect bandgap transition for green phosphorene, and the critical strains for the bandgap transition are revealed.
Neural network based design of metagratings
Authors: Inampudi Sandeep , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: June 2018

Metagratings are flat and thin surfaces that rely on unique, periodically repeating (non-gradient), arbitrary shaped light scattering units for wave manipulation. However, the absence of an empirical relationship between the structural and diffraction properties of the units enforces utilization of brute force numerical optimization techniques to determine the unit shape for a desired application. Here, we present an artificial neural network based methodology to develop a fast-paced numerical relationship between the two. We demonstrate the training and the performance of a numerical function, utilizing simulated diffraction efficiencies of a large set of units, that can instantaneously mimic the optical response of any other arbitrary shaped unit of the same class. We validate the performance of the trained neural network on a previously unseen set of test samples and discuss the statistical significance. We then utilize the virtually instantaneous network operations to inverse design the metagrating unit shapes for a desired diffraction efficiency distribution. The proposed inter-disciplinary combination of advanced information processing techniques with Maxwell's equation solvers opens a pathway for the fast-paced prediction of metagrating designs rather than full wave computation.
TW-scale mid-infrared pulses near 3.3 μm directly generated by dual-chirped optical parametric amplification
Authors: Fu Yuxi , Xue Bing , Midorikawa Katsumi , Takahashi Eiji J.
Published: June 2018

We report on the generation of a 31 mJ mid-infrared (MIR) pulse with a repetition rate of 10 Hz near 3.3 μm by a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme using MgO:LiNbO3 crystals. The MIR pulse is compressed to 70 fs (6.3 optical cycles), which is close to the transform-limited duration of 66 fs, by a CaF2 bulk compressor with 70% throughput efficiency, resulting in 0.3 TW peak power. Our demonstration presents notable progress in the generation of high-energy MIR pulses and proves that DC-OPA is a suitable method for efficiently generating few-cycle MIR pulses with TW-class peak power.
Sparse Labeling and Neural Tracing in Brain Circuits by STARS Strategy: Revealing Morphological Development of Type II Spiral Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Ibrahim Leena A , Huang Junxiang J , Wang Sheng-zhi , Kim Young J , Zhang Li I , Tao Huizhong W
Published: June 2018

Elucidating axonal and dendritic projection patterns of individual neurons is a key for understanding the cytoarchitecture of neural circuits in the brain. This requires genetic approaches to achieve Golgi-like sparse labeling of desired types of neurons. Here, we explored a novel strategy of stochastic gene activation with regulated sparseness (STARS), in which the stochastic choice between 2 competing Cre-lox recombination events is controlled by varying the lox efficiency and cassette length. In a created STARS transgenic mouse crossed with various Cre driver lines, sparse neuronal labeling with a relatively uniform level of sparseness was achieved across different brain regions and cell types in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Tracing of individual type II peripheral auditory fibers revealed for the first time that they undergo experience-dependent developmental refinement, which is impaired by attenuating external sound input. Our results suggest that STARS strategy can be applied for circuit mapping and sparse gene manipulation.