bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Duration and Weight Gain Trajectory in Infancy
Authors: Carling Stacy J. , Demment Margaret M. , Kjolhede Chris L. , Olson Christine M.
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Short breastfeeding duration may exacerbate accelerated early growth, which is linked to higher obesity risk in later life. This study tested the hypothesis that infants at higher risk for obesity were more likely to be members of a rising weight-for-length (WFL) z score trajectory if breastfed for shorter durations.

METHODS:

This prospective, observational study recruited women from an obstetric patient population in rural central New York. Medical records of children born to women in the cohort were audited for weight and length measurements (n = 595). We identified weight gain trajectories for infants’ WFL z scores from 0 to 24 months by using maximum likelihood latent class models. Individual risk factors associated with weight gain trajectories (P ≤ .05) were included in an obesity risk index. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the association between breastfeeding duration (<2 months, 2–4 months, >4 months) and weight gain trajectory varied across obesity risk groups.

RESULTS:

Rising and stable weight gain trajectories emerged. The obesity risk index included maternal BMI, education, and smoking during pregnancy. High-risk infants breastfed for <2 months were more likely to belong to a rising rather than stable weight gain trajectory (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–5.72; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Infants at the highest risk for rising weight patterns appear to benefit the most from longer breastfeeding duration. Targeting mothers of high-risk infants for breastfeeding promotion and support may be protective against overweight and obesity during a critical window of development.
Trends in Infant Bedding Use: National Infant Sleep Position Study, 1993–2010
Authors: Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. , Colson Eve R. , Willinger Marian , Rybin Denis V. , Camperlengo Lena , Corwin Michael J.
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND:

Use of potentially hazardous bedding, as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics (eg, pillows, quilts, comforters, loose bedding), is a modifiable risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome and unintentional sleep-related suffocation. The proportion of US infants sleeping with these types of bedding is unknown.

METHODS:

To investigate the US prevalence of and trends in bedding use, we analyzed 1993–2010 data from the National Infant Sleep Position study. Infants reported as being usually placed to sleep with blankets, quilts, pillows, and other similar materials under or covering them in the last 2 weeks were classified as bedding users. Logistic regression was used to describe characteristics associated with bedding use.

RESULTS:

From 1993 to 2010, bedding use declined but remained a widespread practice (moving average of 85.9% in 1993–1995 to 54.7% in 2008–2010). Prevalence was highest for infants of teen-aged mothers (83.5%) and lowest for infants born at term (55.6%). Bedding use was also frequently reported among infants sleeping in adult beds, on their sides, and on a shared surface. The rate of decline in bedding use was markedly less from 2001–2010 compared with 1993–2000. For 2007 to 2010, the strongest predictors (adjusted odds ratio: ≥1.5) of bedding use were young maternal age, non-white race and ethnicity, and not being college educated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bedding use for infant sleep remains common despite recommendations against this practice. Understanding trends in bedding use is important for tailoring safe sleep interventions.
Some results of comparison between numerical and analytic solutions of the one-line model for shoreline change
Authors: Hoan Le Xuan
Published: December 2014

A qualitative understanding of the basic properties of complicated physical phenomena can often is obtained through the study of analytic solutions derived from simplified problems. Analytic solutions of shoreline change model for simple shoreline configurations are derived under idealized wave conditions. Both analytic and numerical methods are based on the one-line theory of shoreline change. In this paper some results of comparison of the numerical with analytic solutions are presented.
Altersabhängige Veränderungen antioxidativer Parameter bei gesunden Kälbern zwischen dem 1. Lebenstag und dem 18. Lebensmonat
Authors: Fürll M. , Haser D.
Published: November 2014

Ziel der Studie war, bei Rindern die altersabhängige Entwicklung antioxidativer Stoffwechselparameter vom Tag der Geburt bis zum 18. Lebensmonat zu verfolgen. Material und Methoden: Bei gesunden weiblichen Rindern erfolgten am 1. und 7. Tag sowie im 1., 3., 6., 9., 12. und 18. Monat post natum (p. n.) Blutprobenentnahmen. Bestimmt wurden die antioxidativen Parameter Superoxiddismutase (SOD), Glutathionperoxidase (GPX) und Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity (TEAC), der Hämatokrit sowie die Stoffwechselparameter Gesamtprotein, Albumin, Bilirubin, Kalzium, anorganisches Phosphat, Eisen, Harnstoff, Cholesterol, β-Hydroxybutyrat, AP, AST, GLDH, CK und Haptoglobin. Ergebnisse: Alle drei antioxidativen Parameter zeigten einen vergleichbaren Verlauf mit Maximum im 6. Monat p. n. Es bestanden (außer im 9. Monat p. n.) stets signifikant positive Korrelationen. Die GPX-Aktivität stieg von 50–80 U/ml Hkt (1. Tag p. n.) kontinuierlich auf 100–190 U/ml Hkt im 6. Monat p. n. an. Die signifikant niedrigsten Aktivitäten wurden am 1. und 7. Tag p. n. gemessen. Die SOD-Aktivitäten am 1. (4500–5600 U/g Hb) und 7. Tag p. n. waren signifikant geringer als im 1. und 3. Monat p. n. Die Aktivitäten mit 12 und 18 Monaten zeigten signifikant niedrigere Werte im Vergleich zum 1., 3. und 6. (5000–9100 U/g Hb) Monat p. n. Der Anstieg der TEAC-Konzentration von 220–290 µmol/l am 1. Tag p. n. auf 260–340 µmol/l im 6. Monat p. n. erwies sich als nicht signifikant. Danach sanken die Konzentrationen ab (p > 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Die ermittelten parallelen Entwicklungstendenzen von SOD, GPX und TEAC sprechen für ein gut funktionierendes antioxidatives Abwehrsystem der Kälber, das gut auf unvermeidliche oxidative Belastungen durch Geburt, einsetzende Atmung, Hämoglobinumbau, Vormagenentwicklung und andere physiologische Vorgänge eingestellt ist und diese auszugleichen vermag.
Estrategias De Inversión En Capital De Trabajo Aplicadas Por Las Micro, Pequeñas Y Medianas Empresas Colombianas De Comercio Textil En El Municipio De Maicao
Authors: Angulo Rangel Franklin Alejandro , Berrío Caballero Hobber José
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las estrategias de inversión en capital de trabajo aplicadas porlas micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES), del sector comercio textil en el municipio de Maicao,Colombia, desde una perspectiva sistémica y estratégica de la gerencia financiera, apoyándose en la teoríade estructura financiera. Se utilizó como instrumento la matriz de registro de datos, la validación se obtuvo mediantela prueba de análisis de contenido y de fuentes documentales. Los resultados indican que las empresas estudiadas utilizan una estrategia moderada para administrar el capital de trabajo, como resultado de unapolítica flexible de inversión en activos circulantes y una estrategia agresiva de financiamiento, caracterizadapor altos niveles de endeudamiento, bajo rendimiento y alto riesgo financiero. Se concluye que las empresasno tienen una gestión eficiente del capital de trabajo por lo cual deben incorporar financiamiento a largo plazo,incrementar el patrimonio y optimizar la gestión de inventarios.
Percepção De Valores Organizacionais: Contribuições Para A Gestão De Pessoas No Setor De Serviços.
Authors: Leite Freire Denilson Aparecida , Renault de Moraes Lúcio Flávio
Published: December 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos valores organizacionais para funcionários de organizaçõesno setor de serviços. Para isso foi tomado um levantamento quantitativo de 332 pessoas do setor. Osresultados mostraram que, apesar de os valores prevalecentes, conservação, hierarquia e dominação, têmuma gestão conservadora e hierárquica, com foco nos valores que controlam os processos internos, o quetraz aspectos negativos a essas organizações.
Emprendimiento En América Latina Y Su Impacto En La Gestión De Proyectos
Authors: Sparano Rada Humberto
Published: December 2014

El Emprendimiento es un proceso que con el transcurso del tiempo, ha venido causando en América latina unimpacto positivo en la creación de empresas, fenómeno que coadyuva a la generación de empleos, mejorando su eficiencia en la productividad y lograr un nivel de competitividad en mercados nacionales e internacionales.Este artículo permite analizar el desarrollo que se ha venido gestionando en materia de emprendimiento en América latina, desde la sola idea de llevar a cabo un negocio, pasando por el grupo que desiste de la ideadespués de un corto tiempo, hasta llegar a formar parte de los emprendedores establecidos, quienes con su actitud, actividades y aspiraciones, aunado a la innovación y manejo eficiente de los recursos, caracterizan al emprendedor de América latina, convirtiéndose en punto de apoyo a la gestión de proyectos y por ende aldesarrollo de la región.
Oczekiwania płacowe studentów a model kapitału ludzkiego
Authors: Stańdo-Górowska Halina
Published: November 2014

The paper examines the salaries of university graduates. The first part estimates their salaries based on Professor M. Dobija’s model of human capital, paying particular attention to the importance of professional experience. For that purpose, the value of experience, experience capital, intellectual capital and the human capital of individuals with graduate education were calculated, depending on their seniority. The value of human capital was the basis for establishing a fair salary. The results were then compared with a survey carried out among students in the last year of their Master’s studies concerning their pay expectations in the first year of professional work.
Zastosowanie programu Mplus w modelowaniu ukrytych przejść w segmentacji rynku
Authors: Sagan Adam
Published: November 2014

The article is devoted to the applications of latent transition models (LTA) in dynamic market segmentation. A generalisation of the latent class models, these models take into account the dynamic nature of the data. They allow for the identification of unobserved market segments, the assessment of conditional probabilities and transition patterns within latent statuses in time. LTA model was used to evaluate the dynamic segments in three separate waves of research based on economic status indicators in data from the Polish General Social Survey.
Biofilm formation in surface and drinking water distribution systems in Mafikeng, South Africa
Authors: Mulamattathil Suma George , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Mbewe Moses
Published: November 2014

Poor quality source water and poorly treated reused wastewater may result in poor quality drinking water that has a higher potential to form biofilms. A biofilm is a group of microorganisms which adhere to a surface. We investigated biofilm growth in the drinking water distribution systems in the Mafikeng area, in the North- West Province of South Africa. Analysis was conducted to determine the presence of faecal coliforms, total coliforms, Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. in the biofilms. Biofilms were grown on a device that contained copper and galvanised steel coupons. A mini tap filter – a point-of-use treatment device which can be used at a single faucet – was also used to collect samples. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that multi-species biofilms developed on all the coupons as well as on the point-of-use filters. Galvanised steel and carbon filters had the highest density of biofilm. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from raw water biofilm coupons only. Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from filters. The susceptibility of selected isolates was tested against 11 antibiotics of clinical interest. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance phenotype observed was KF-AP-C-E-OT-K-TM-A. The presence of virulence genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that bacteria present in the water have the ability to colonise as biofilms and drinking water biofilms may be a reservoir for opportunistic bacteria including Pseudomonas and Aeromonas species.
Pollination ecosystem services in South African agricultural systems
Authors: Melin Annalie , Rouget Mathieu , Midgley Jeremy J. , Donaldson John S.
Published: November 2014

Insect pollinators, both managed and wild, have become a focus of global scientific, political and media attention because of their apparent decline and the perceived impact of this decline on crop production. Crop pollination by insects is an essential ecosystem service that increases the yield and quality of approximately 35% of crops worldwide. Pollinator declines are a consequence of multiple environmental pressures, e.g. habitat transformation and fragmentation, loss of floral resources, pesticides, pests and diseases, and climate change. Similar environmental pressures are faced in South Africa where there is a high demand for pollination services. In this paper, we synthesise data on the importance of different pollinators as a basis for services to South African crops and on the status of managed honeybees. We also focus on insect pollination services for the Western Cape deciduous fruit industry, which is worth ZAR9800 million per year and is heavily reliant on pollination services from managed honeybees. We discuss landscape and regional level floral resources needed to maintain sufficient numbers of managed honeybee colonies. In summary, the available literature shows a lack of data on diversity and abundance of crop pollinators, and a lack of long-term data to assess declines. We highlight key areas that require research in South Africa and emphasise the critical role of floral resource availability at the landscape and regional scale to sustain pollinators. We conclude that understanding the dynamics of how floral resources are used will help inform how landscapes could be better managed in order to provide long-term sustainable pollination services.
Experimental and numerical study on lateral behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced pile foundation system
Authors: Taha A. , El Naggar M.H. , Turan A.
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT: This paper introduces an innovative use of polymer strips as part of a novel foundation concept, polymer strips reinforced pile foundation system, where polymer strips are used to enhance the lateral resistance of a pile foundation. The lateral static behaviour of this foundation system was evaluated using a series of reduced scale physical model tests performed on the model foundation installed in different soil beds contained in a small size soil container. These soil beds included: a soil bed representing the base case (soft clay overlying sand layer); a soil model representing the conventional ground replacement solution (the glyben layer sandwiched between an aggregate layer from top and a sand layer from bottom) and a soil model representing the proposed novel geosynthetic-reinforced backfill (the glyben layer sandwiched between a geosynthetic-reinforced aggregate layer from top and a sand layer from bottom). A one directional loading system was attached to the soil container containing a three-layer model soil deposit, which included a layer of synthetic clay (modified glyben) sandwiched between a lower and a surficial granular layer, was used. The model pile-cap system was installed through the surficial granular layer, which was reinforced using a microgrid mesh and underlying clay and sand layers. A series of lateral static pull tests have been conducted to investigate the influence of the polymer strip reinforcement on the foundation system behaviour. This study also presents the results of a three-dimensional finite-element analyses which was based on models calibrated against physical test results. The experimental results and numerical analyses showed that the lateral resistance of a pile cap system was enhanced by the microgrid mesh embedded in the surficial granular layer. The results also showed that the lateral resistance of the pile cap system was significantly influenced by the thickness of engineered backfill.
Estudos sobre o regime de competência no setor público brasileiro: os desencontros da discussão acadêmica - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662/rccc.v13n40p20-36
Authors: Amaral Neuton Alcedir de Lima Amaral , Bolfe Camila , Vicente Ernesto Fernando Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

As pesquisas sobre a adoção do regime de competência pelo setor público no Brasil são poucas e incipientes, o que é de se esperar devido à escassez de casos reais para estudo, pois a maioria dos entes federativos ainda não adotou o regime de competência de forma  integral. Apesar disso, representam o estado da arte do conhecimento científico no assunto e esta pesquisa buscou identificar as contribuições da academia para a compreensão do regime de competência aplicado ao setor público no Brasil, por meio de uma revisão crítica dos estudos nacionais que tratam do tema. Foram selecionados os artigos que abordam o tema regime de competência no setor público, publicados de 2005-2012 em eventos e periódicos pontuados pela Capes, e que estão relacionados com contabilidade e/ou contabilidade pública. Os resultados indicam que não existe uma tendência definida de linhas de pesquisa e os achados de um estudo não costumam ser comparados com outros. As pesquisas não são levadas adiante, nem por outros autores, nem pelos próprios, e os autores não exploram lacunas deixadas por pesquisas anteriores, sejam elas nacionais ou estrangeiras. As comparações entre os estudos também são prejudicadas, em alguns casos, devido a fragilidades metodológicas. Com isso, as contribuições da academia para a compreensão do regime de competência aplicado ao setor público são bastante fragmentadas, o que pode tornar lento o avanço do tema.
An Osteochondral Lesion of the Lateral Femoral Condyle with Arthroscopic Appearance Resembling a Fried Egg
Authors: Ochiai Satoshi , Hagino Tetsuo , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Senga Shinya , Ando Takashi , Sato Eiichi , Haro Hirotaka
Published: November 2014

Case:

We encountered an unusual case of an osteochondral lesion of the lateral femoral condyle with a detached osteochondral fragment that was reversed and became reattached to its bed; examination by arthroscopy depicted this lesion with a unique resemblance to a fried egg. Because the excised osteochondral fragment showed little damage or degeneration and had relatively good compatibility with the site of origin, we selected the treatment option of reduction and suture fixation.

Conclusion:

The pathological presentation of this osteochondral lesion that resembled a fried egg was an unusual and rare occurrence.
Total Bodily Extrusion of the Lunate: An Extreme Inferior Arc Injury
Authors: Masden Derek L. , Means Kenneth R.
Published: November 2014

Case:

A fifty-six-year-old man had an open radiocarpal and intercarpal dislocation with a radial styloid fracture, an open triangular fibrocartilage complex tear, and complete bodily extrusion of the lunate. We performed irrigation and debridement and an immediate total wrist arthrodesis. One year postinjury, the fusion had healed without infection, and the patient had functional digital range of motion, 80° of active pronation, and 60° of active supination without distal radioulnar joint instability; he had only mild pain with strenuous activities.

Conclusion:

In this severe case, we believed that total wrist arthrodesis was the most reliable treatment option, and it produced an acceptable result.
Polyelectrolyte–single wall carbon nanotube composite as an effective cathode catalyst for air-cathode microbial fuel cells
Authors: Wu Huanan , Lu Min , Guo Lin , Bay Leonard Guan Hong , Zhang Zheng , Li Sam Fong Yau
Published: December 2014

Polyelectrolyte–single wall carbon nanotube (SCNT) composites are prepared by a solution-based method and used as metal-free cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, two types of polyelectrolytes, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and poly[bis(2-chloroethyl)ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] (PEPU) are applied to decorate the SCNTs and the resulting catalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic ability toward ORR in MFC applications. The enhanced catalytic ability could be attributed to the positively charged quaternary ammonium sites of polyelectrolytes, which increase the oxygen affinity of SCNTs and reduce activation energy in the oxygen reduction process. It is also found that PEPU–SCNT composite-based MFCs show efficient performance with maximum power density of 270.1 mW m−2, comparable to MFCs with the benchmark Pt/C catalyst (375.3 mW m−2), while PDDA–SCNT composite-based MFCs produce 188.9 mW m−2. These results indicate that PEPU–SCNT and PDDA–SCNT catalysts are promising candidates as metal-free cathode catalysts for ORR in MFCs and could facilitate MFC scaling up and commercialization.
Proof of concept for a new energy-positive wastewater treatment scheme
Authors: Remy C. , Boulestreau M. , Lesjean B.
Published: December 2014

For improved exploitation of the energy content present in the organic matter of raw sewage, an innovative concept for treatment of municipal wastewater is tested in pilot trials and assessed in energy balance and operational costs. The concept is based on a maximum extraction of organic matter into the sludge via coagulation, flocculation and microsieving (100 μm mesh size) to increase the energy recovery in anaerobic sludge digestion and decrease aeration demand for carbon mineralisation. Pilot trials with real wastewater yield an extraction of 70–80% of total chemical oxygen demand into the sludge while dosing 15–20 mg/L Al and 5–7 mg/L polymer with stable operation of the microsieve and effluent limits below 2–3 mg/L total phosphorus. Anaerobic digestion of the microsieve sludge results in high biogas yields of 600 NL/kg organic dry matter input (oDMin) compared to 430 NL/kg oDMin for mixed sludge from a conventional activated sludge process. The overall energy balance for a 100,000 population equivalent (PE) treatment plant (including biofilter for post-treatment with full nitrification and denitrification with external carbon source) shows that the new concept is an energy-positive treatment process with comparable effluent quality than conventional processes, even when including energy demand for chemicals production. Estimated operating costs for electricity and chemicals are in the same range for conventional activated sludge processes and the new concept.
Augmented of turbulent heat transfer in an annular pipe with abrupt expansion
Authors: Togun Hussein , Abdulrazzaq Tuqa , Kazi Salim , Badarudin Ahmad
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a study of heat transfer to turbulent air flow in the
abrupt axisymmetric expansion of an annular pipe. The experimental
investigations were performed in the Reynolds number range from 5000 to
30000, the heat flux varied from 1000 to 4000 W/m2, and the expansion ratio
was maintained at D/d=1, 1.25, 1.67 and 2. The sudden expansion was created
by changing the inner diameter of the entrance pipe to an annular passage.
The outer diameter of the inner pipe and the inner diameter of the outer pipe
are 2.5 and 10 cm, respectively, where both of the pipes are subjected to
uniform heat flux. The distribution of the surface temperature of the test
pipe and the local Nusselt number are presented in this investigation. Due to
sudden expansion in the cross section of the annular pipe, a separation flow
was created, which enhanced the heat transfer. The reduction of the surface
temperature on the outer and inner pipes increased with the increase of the
expansion ratio and the Reynolds number, and increased with the decrease of
the heat flux to the annular pipe. The peak of the local Nusselt number was
between 1.64 and 1.7 of the outer and inner pipes for Reynolds numbers varied
from 5000 to 30000, and the increase of the local Nusselt number represented
the augmentation of the heat transfer rate in the sudden expansion of the
annular pipe. This research also showed a maximum heat transfer enhancement
of 63-78% for the outer and inner pipes at an expansion ratio of D/d=2 at a
Re=30000 and a heat flux of 4000W/m2.
Vascular changes in the retina in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency
Authors: Adzic-Zecevic Antoaneta , Milojko Biljana , Janicijevic-Petrovic Mirjana
Published: December 2014

Background/Aim. Chronic respiratory insufficiency is a pathological state
which occurs as a result of respiratory system inability to maintain normal
gas exchange between the outside air and circulating blood. For the purposes
of human organism?s proper functioning, it is necessary that a certain amount
of air in the lungs comes into contact with a certain amount of blood within
a unit of time, so that an adequate hemoglobin oxygenation could be achieved.
Then, hemoglobin from erythrocytes in the blood supply delivers oxygen to all
the tissues and cells of the body including the eye. Direct impact of
hypoxemia and hypercapnia on the wall of arterioles, venules and capillaries
results in a severe vasodilatation along with the increased permeability of
the walls causing clinically evident changes in the retina. The aim of this
study was to determine the degree of ocular changes in retina with patients
suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency. Methods. A prospective
study was conducted on 80 patients, 40 patients with respiratory failure and
40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an and bronchial
asthma (the control group). In all the patients direct and indirect
ophthalmoscopy and fluoresceine angiography was performed. Clinically visible
fundus and retina changes in patients suffering from chronic respiratory
failure were categorized as mild (dilatation and retinal veins and arteries
tortosion up to the mid-periphery), moderate (retinal hemorrhage) and severe
(optic nerve edema, macular edema, superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages
and venous occlusion). Results. In the patients suffering from respiratory
insufficiency the changes in retinal blood vessels were found [in 18 (45%)
mild, in 13 (32.5%) moderate, and in 9 (22%) severe], while in the patients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma (without
respiratory insufficiency) no changes were recognized. Conclusion. The
results of this study indicate the need for ophthalmologic examination in
patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. It is important to
recognize, identify and quantify the changes on retinal blood vessels which
are clinically significant. It is necessary to provide their monitoring and
to prescribe proper therapeutic treatment in order to preserve visual
functions.
Double heart rupture after acute myocardial infarction: A case report
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Lovrenski Aleksandra , Dejanovic Jadranka , Petrovic Milovan , Jung Robert , Raffay Violetta
Published: December 2014

Introduction. Double heart rupture is a rare complication of acute myocardial
infarction with high mortality. Case report. We presented a 67-year-old
female patient with symptoms and signs of myocardial infarction, diagnosed
with echocardiography, rupture of the septum, the presence of a thrombus and
a small pericardial effusion. Soon after admission the patient died. Autopsy
revealed tamponade and double myocardial rupture, free wall rupture and
ventricular septal rupture, as a cause of death. Conclusion. This case
highlights the need to evaluate patients with myocardial infarction,
recurrent chest pain, echocardiographic signs of effusion and the presence of
thrombus in the pericardium in terms of double rupture of the heart.
Li-fraumeni syndrome: A case report
Authors: Ilic Miroslav , Aleksandar Kiralj , Markov Borislav , Mijatov Ivana , Mijatov Sasa , Vuckovic Nada
Published: December 2014

Introduction. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a very rare familial disease with
the predisposition to the development of malignant tumors, such as
osteosarcoma, breast cancer, brain neoplasm, leukemia, and adrenal tumors.
Inheritance is autosomal dominant and is caused by heterozygous mutations in
the p53 gene. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria: a person under the
age of 45 years suffering from sarcoma, the closest relative younger than 45
years diagnosed with cancer and a relative of the first or second degree,
which is up to 45 years, was diagnosed with cancer and was diagnosed with
sarcoma at any age. Case report. The presented family with three members
diagnosed with malignant disease typical for LFS suggests the need to
carefully follow those diagnosed with LFS related tumor. A 24-yearold man
diagnosed and treated for osteosarcoma of the maxilla died in the first year.
His younger brother was submitted to surgery due to osteosarcoma of the
mandible three years later, and a year later in his 24 year he had no signs
of locoregional recurrence. Their mother was operated in 1996 for
glioblastoma multiform brain cancer and ductal carcinoma, and died two years
later at the age of 33. Conclusion. The presented family highlights the need
for careful examination, inspection and notification of the risks of family
members diagnosed with LFS related tumors.
Eveningness is Associated with Higher Risk-Taking, Independent of Sex and Personality
Authors: Ponzi Davide , Wilson M. Claire , Maestripieri Dario
Published: December 2014

This study tested the hypotheses that eveningness is associated with higher risk-taking propensities across different domains of risk and that this association is not the result of sex differences or confounding covariation with particular personality traits. Study participants were 172 men and women between 20 and 40 years of age. Surveys assessed chronotype, domain-specific risk-taking and risk-perception, and Big Five personality dimensions. Eveningness was associated with greater general risk-taking in the specific domains of financial, ethical, and recreational decision making. Although risk-taking was associated with both risk perception and some personality dimensions, eveningness predicted risk-taking independent of these factors. Higher risk-taking propensities among evening types may be causally or functionally linked to their propensities for sensation- and novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and sexual promiscuity.
Drinking Behavior and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy in Korean College Students
Authors: Oh Hwajung , Kim Youngho
Published: December 2014

The prevalence of drinking behavior and sex differences were examined. A possible relationship between drinking behavior and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) also was investigated among a convenience sample of 582 Korean college students (309 men, 273 women). A drinking habit scale (from AUDIT–K) and drinking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire (DRSEQ–R) were administered. Results indicated 74.4% of the students drank alcohol and 80.1% of the students were regular drinkers (> 2 to 4 times per month). There were significant differences in drinking behavior by sex and in the DRSE constructs for current drinking statuses. Drinking behavior was significantly associated with sex and DRSE. The present study offers more information about practical interventions aimed at reasonably controlling the drinking behavior of Korean college students in a university setting. The findings may provide better understanding of Korean students' drinking behavior.
Continuous increase in HIV-1 incidence after the year 2000 among men who have sex with men in Rome: insights from a 25-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Giuliani M , Vescio M F , Latini A , Palamara G , Pimpinelli F , Donà M G , Stivali F , Carduccelli F , Ensoli F , Di Carlo A , Rezza G
Published: November 2014

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Trends in HIV testing, prevalence among first-time testers, and incidence in most-at-risk populations in Spain: the EPI-VIH Study, 2000 to 2009
Authors: Diez M , Bleda M J , Varela J A , Ordoñana J R , Azpiri M A , Vall M , Santos C , Viloria L J , de Armas C , Ureña J  M , Trullén J , Pueyo I , Martínez B , Puerta T , Vera M , Sanz I , Junquera M L , Landa M C , Martínez E , Cámara M M , Belda J , Bru F  J , Diaz A , for the EPI-VIH Study Group Collective
Published: November 2014

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Perché abbiamo bisogno degli oggetti? Uno studio di psicoanalisi comparata
Authors: Eagle Morris N.
Published: November 2014

Si cerca di comprendere il motivo per cui gli esseri umani hanno bisogno degli oggetti, cioè delle relazioni interpersonali, e vengono paragonate e discusse le risposte date da diverse teorie psicoanalitiche. In questo studio di psicoanalisi comparata compiuto attraverso la lente della domanda "Perché abbiamo bisogno degli oggetti?", emergono risposte interessanti e anche sorprendenti: le teorie freudiana e kleiniana, più di altre teorie psicoanalitiche, identificano esplicitamente l'amore oggettuale come un imperativo dello sviluppo e come un criterio primario di salute mentale. Vengono discusse soprattutto le funzioni di regolazione che gli oggetti e le relazioni oggettuali hanno per il soggetto, e si cerca di comprendere il ruolo dell'amore oggettuale per il funzionamento psichico. Nelle conclusioni, vengono discusse le implicazioni cliniche delle diverse risposte alla domanda sul perché abbiamo bisogno degli oggetti.
Structure-Dependent Immune Modulatory Activity of Protegrin-1 Analogs
Authors: Zughaier Susu , Svoboda Pavel , Pohl Jan
Published: November 2014

Protegrins are porcine antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that belong to the cathelicidin family of host defense peptides. Protegrin-1 (PG-1), the most investigated member of the protegrin family, is an arginine-rich peptide consisting of 18 amino acid residues, its main chain adopting a β-hairpin structure that is linked by two disulfide bridges. We report on the immune modulatory activity of PG-1 and its analogs in neutralizing bacterial endotoxin and capsular polysaccharides, consequently inhibiting inflammatory mediators’ release from macrophages. We demonstrate that the β-hairpin structure motif stabilized with at least one disulfide bridge is a prerequisite for the immune modulatory activity of this type of AMP.
The Synoptic Patterns Associated with Spring Widespread Dusty Days in Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Awad Adel , Mashat Abdul-Wahab
Published: November 2014

Four synoptic regimes were identified as accompanying the widespread dust in central and eastern Saudi Arabia. The widespread cases of dust were classified based on the value and spread of the aerosol index data from the TOMS aerosol index (TOMS AI) satellite over the area of interest. The synoptic regimes of these dust cases were recognized using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of their mean sea level pressure (SLP), which was obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis Project dataset. The variations of the analyzed SLP of these four regimes appeared as meridional distributions for the first two regimes and zonal distributions for the second two regimes. A surface synoptic study of the first two regimes showed that the most significant features were either a strong low-pressure system over the eastern region or a strong high-pressure system over the western region. The synoptic features for the less significant regimes (the second two regimes) were characterized by the interaction between the northern high-pressure belt, which shifted northward because of the significant regime decrease, and the southern low-pressure belt. In addition, the upper synoptic study showed that the upper synoptic systems support the surface systems. Moreover, the study showed that the surface northerly wind over the eastern Arabian Peninsula is the dominant wind during strong dust activity, whereas the surface southerly wind is dominant during weak dust activity.
Characterization and Application of a Disposable Rotating Bed Bioreactor for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion
Authors: Neumann Anne , Lavrentieva Antonina , Heilkenbrinker Alexandra , Loenne Maren , Kasper Cornelia
Published: November 2014

Recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into the field of tissue engineering is a promising development since these cells can be expanded vivo to clinically relevant numbers and, after expansion, retain their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages. Safety requirements and the necessity to obtain high cell numbers without frequent subcultivation of cells raised the question of the possibility of expanding MSC in one-way (single-use) disposable bioreactors. In this study, umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) were expanded in a disposable Z 2000 H bioreactor under dynamic conditions. Z was characterized regarding residence time and mixing in order to evaluate the optimal bioreactor settings, enabling optimal mass transfer in the absence of shear stress, allowing an reproducible expansion of MSC, while maintaining their stemness properties. Culture of the UC-MSC in disposable Z 2000 H bioreactor resulted in a reproducible 8-fold increase of cell numbers after 5 days. Cells were shown to maintain specific MSC surface marker expression as well as trilineage differentiation potential and lack stress-induced premature senescence.
Multimodal Hazard Rate for Relapse in Breast Cancer: Quality of Data and Calibration of Computer Simulation
Authors: Retsky Michael , Demicheli Romano
Published: November 2014

Much has occurred since our 2010 report in Cancers. In the past few years we published several extensive reviews of our research so a brief review is all that will be provided here. We proposed in the earlier reports that most relapses in breast cancer occur within 5 years of surgery and seem to be associated with some unspecified manner of surgery-induced metastatic initiation. These events can be identified in relapse data and are correlated with clinical data. In the last few years an unexpected mechanism has become apparent. Retrospective analysis of relapse events by a Brussels anesthesiology group reported that a perioperative NSAID analgesic seems to reduce early relapses five-fold. We then proposed that primary surgery produces a transient period of systemic inflammation. This has now been identified by inflammatory markers in serum post mastectomy. That could explain the early relapses. It is possible that an inexpensive and non-toxic NSAID can reduce breast cancer relapses significantly. We want to take this opportunity to discuss database quality issues and our relapse hazard data in some detail. We also present a demonstration that the computer simulation can be calibrated with Adjuvant-on-line, an often used clinical tool for prognosis in breast cancer.
Impact of Aging on Liver Histological Findings of Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Authors: Haga Yuki , Kanda Tatsuo , Hagiwara Katsuhiro , Sasaki Reina , Nakamura Masato , Yasui Shin , Arai Makoto , Jiang Xia , Wu Shuang , Nakamoto Shingo , Yokosuka Osamu
Published: November 2014

Our aim is to investigate the recent liver biopsy findings of autoimmune liver diseases at a university hospital located in an urban area of Japan. The study included 259 patients (mean age 56.8 ± 12.5; male/female, 46/213) who underwent a liver biopsy for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We analyzed their liver biopsy findings according to age and gender. Among 127 PBC patients, Scheuer stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 42, 54, 18, and 13, respectively. Among 101 AIH patients, fibrosis stages F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 37, 32, 19, and 13, respectively, and inflammatory activity grades A1, A2, and A3 were 22, 25, and 54, respectively. Among PBC aged ≥65 years, Scheuer stages 1–3 and 4 patients were 27 and 6, respectively. The proportion of Scheuer stage 4 patients in PBC aged ≥65 years tended to be higher than that in PBC aged <65 years (p = 0.0659). Of interest, the proportion of AIH patients with moderate or severe activity (A2 or A3) in males was higher than in females (p = 0.0311). From the point of view of fibrosis stage or inflammatory activity grade of the liver, the proportion of AIH patients aged ≥65 years was similar to that aged <65 years. Although we identified six older cirrhotic patients with AIH, three of them were male. The progression of fibrosis and inflammatory activity of the liver should be noted when we treat older patients suffering from autoimmune liver diseases. Liver biopsy plays an important role in obtaining accurate information on autoimmune liver diseases in older patients.
State of the Art and Future Trends in Grid Codes Applicable to Isolated Electrical Systems
Authors: Merino Julia , Mendoza-Araya Patricio , Veganzones Carlos
Published: November 2014

Isolated electrical systems lack electrical interconnection to other networks and are usually placed in geographically isolated areas—mainly islands or locations in developing countries. Until recently, only diesel generators were able to assure a safe and reliable supply in exchange for very high costs for fuel transportation and system operation. Transmission system operators (TSOs) are increasingly seeking to replace traditional energy models based on large groups of conventional generation units with mixed solutions where diesel groups are held as backup generation and important advantages are provided by renewable energy sources. The grid codes determine the technical requirements to be fulfilled by the generators connected in any electrical network, but regulations applied to isolated grids are more demanding. In technical literature it is rather easy to find and compare grid codes for interconnected electrical systems. However, the existing literature is incomplete and sparse regarding isolated grids. This paper aims to review the current state of isolated systems and grid codes applicable to them, specifying points of comparison and defining the guidelines to be followed by the upcoming regulations.
Long Non-Coding RNA NEAT1 Associates with SRp40 to Temporally Regulate PPARγ2 Splicing during Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Cooper Denise , Carter Gay , Li Pengfei , Patel Rehka , Watson James , Patel Niketa
Published: November 2014

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs serve a multitude of functions in cells. NEAT1 RNA is a highly abundant 4 kb lncRNA in nuclei, and coincides with paraspeckles, nuclear domains that control sequestration of paraspeckle proteins. We examined NEAT1 RNA levels and its function in 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation to adipocytes. Levels of NEAT1 transcript, measured by RT-PCR, fluctuated in a temporal manner over the course of differentiation that suggested its role in alternative splicing of PPARγ mRNA, the major transcription factor driving adipogenesis. When cells were induced to differentiate by a media cocktail of insulin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethyxanthine (IBMX) on Day 0, NEAT1 levels dropped on Day 4, when the PPARγ2 variant was spliced and when terminal differentiation occurs The appearance of PPARγ2 coordinates with the PPARγ1 variant to drive differentiation of adipocytes. SiRNA used to deplete NEAT1 resulted in the inability of cells to phosphorylate the serine/arginine-rich splicing protein, SRp40. SiRNA treatment for SRp40 resulted in dysregulation of PPARγ1 and, primarily, PPARγ2 mRNA levels. SRp40 associated with NEAT1, as shown by RNA-IP on days 0 and 8, but decreased on day 4, and concentrations increased over that of IgG control. Overexpression of SRp40 increased PPARγ2, but not γ1. Although lncRNA MALAT1 has been investigated in SR protein function, NEAT1 has not been shown to bind SR proteins for phosphorylation such that alternative splicing results. The ability of cells to increase phosphorylated SR proteins for PPARγ2 splicing suggests that fluxes in NEAT1 levels during adipogenesis regulate alternative splicing events.
Krempfielins Q and R, Two New Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Cladiella krempfi
Authors: Tai Chi-Jen , Chokkalingam Uvarani , Cheng Yang , Shih Shou-Ping , Lu Mei-Chin , Su Jui-Hsin , Hwang Tsong-Long , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: November 2014

Two new eunicellin-based diterpenoids, krempfielins Q and R (1 and 2), and one known compound cladieunicellin K (3) have been isolated from a Formosan soft coral Cladiella krempfi. The structures of these two new metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity of new metabolites to inhibit the superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (FMLP/CB)-induced human neutrophil cells and cytotoxicity of both new compounds toward five cancer cell lines were reported.
Bioaccumulation of Arsenic Species in Rays from the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Šlejkovec Zdenka , Stajnko Anja , Falnoga Ingrid , Lipej Lovrenc , Mazej Darja , Horvat Milena , Faganeli Jadran
Published: December 2014

The difference in arsenic concentration and speciation between benthic (Pteromylaeus bovinus, Myliobatis aquila) and pelagic rays (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) in relation to their size (age) was investigated. High arsenic concentrations were found in both groups with tendency of more efficient arsenic accumulation in benthic species, particularly in muscle (32.4 to 362 µg·g−1 of total arsenic). This was attributed to species differences in arsenic access, uptake and retention. In liver most arsenic was present in a form of arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenoipids, whereas in muscle mainly arsenobetaine was found. The good correlations between total arsenic/arsenobetaine and size reflect the importance of accumulation of arsenobetaine with age. Arsenobetaine is an analogue of glycine betaine, a known osmoregulator in marine animals and both are very abundant in mussels, representing an important source of food for benthic species P. bovinus and M. aquila.
Over-Expression of Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in the Median Preoptic Nucleus Attenuates Chronic Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in the Rat
Authors: Collister John , Bellrichard Mitch , Drebes Donna , Nahey David , Tian Jun , Zimmerman Matthew
Published: December 2014

The brain senses circulating levels of angiotensin II (AngII) via circumventricular organs, such as the subfornical organ (SFO), and is thought to adjust sympathetic nervous system output accordingly via this neuro-hormonal communication. However, the cellular signaling mechanisms involved in these communications remain to be fully understood. Previous lesion studies of either the SFO, or the downstream median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) have shown a diminution of the hypertensive effects of chronic AngII, without providing a clear explanation as to the intracellular signaling pathway(s) involved. Additional studies have reported that over-expressing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2·−) scavenging enzyme, in the SFO attenuates chronic AngII-induced hypertension. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that overproduction of O2·− in the MnPO is an underlying mechanism in the long-term hypertensive effects of chronic AngII. Adenoviral vectors encoding human CuZnSOD (AdCuZnSOD) or control vector (AdEmpty) were injected directly into the MnPO of rats implanted with aortic telemetric transmitters for recording of arterial pressure. After a 3 day control period of saline infusion, rats were intravenously infused with AngII (10 ng/kg/min) for ten days. Rats over-expressing CuZnSOD (n = 7) in the MnPO had a blood pressure increase of only 6 ± 2 mmHg after ten days of AngII infusion while blood pressure increased 21 ± 4 mmHg in AdEmpty-infected rats (n = 9). These results support the hypothesis that production of O2·− in the MnPO contributes to the development of chronic AngII-dependent hypertension.