bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of nonlinear dynamic and static compression of the metal mesh
Authors: Kochetkov A V , Modin I A , Leontev N V , Turigina I A , Poverennov E Y
Published: January 2020

Simulation of elastoplastic compression of a symmetric fragment of a bundle of woven steel grids was carried out. The simulation was carried out under static and dynamic loading modes in ANSYS and ANSYS LS-DYNA computing systems. A porous mesh package is formed by overlaying the layers on top of each other while maintaining the directions of wires. Such a packet has a quasiperiodic structure; therefore, a certain symmetric fragment can be distinguished. The compression was carried out by a pair of absolutely rigid plates moving symmetrically towards each other. In the calculations, a multilinear plasticity model with isotropic hardening was used. The diagram of static deformation of the material was used which was obtained experimentally. The calculations were carried out according to the algorithm of a perfect symmetric contact of bodies without friction and with friction. The dynamic loading of a fragment of the mesh packet was carried out at a constant speed. The characteristics of the pulse and the loading rate correspond to those observed in previous experimental studies. The dynamic strain diagram was assumed to be similar to a static one with an increased yield strength. Calculations showed that in all loading modes there is a high level of internal stresses, and complex inhomogeneous stress-strain state. We investigated two factors that could cause differences in the behavior of the curves of deformation of a porous medium - the finite length of the acting pulse and the differences in the dynamic and static compression diagrams of the initial mesh material. The main influence on the dynamic behavior of a fragment of a porous packet of a steel mesh is exerted by the dynamic properties of the wire material. The strain curves of the porous fragment qualitatively change in accordance with the behavior observed in static and dynamic experiments. The final duration of the loading pulse and the friction between the wires for this type of mesh do not have a significant effect. The numerical dependences of the relative area of the normal and lateral through sections of the symmetric fragment of the grid packet on the compression deformation are obtained.
Non-stationary coupled axisymmetric thermoelasticity problem for a rigidly fixed round plate
Authors: Shlyakhin D A , Dauletmuratova Zh M
Published: January 2020

A new closed solution is constructed for the axisymmetric dynamic problem of the classical (CTE) theory of thermoelasticity for a rigidly fixed circular isotropic plate in the case of a temperature change on its face surfaces (boundary conditions of the first kind). The mathematical formulation of the problem under consideration includes linear equations of thermal conductivity and equilibrium in a spatial setting, assuming that their inertial elastic characteristics can be neglected in the structures under study. In constructing a general solution of related non-self-conjugate equations, we use the mathematical apparatus of separation of variables in the form of finite integral transformations i.e. Hankel along the radial coordinate and biorthogonal transformation (FIT) with respect to the axial variable. At each stage of the investigation, a procedure is performed to reduce the boundary conditions to a form that allows the corresponding transformation to be applied. A particular feature of this solution is the application of a FIT based on a multicomponent relation of the eigenvector functions of two homogeneous boundary value problems. An important point in the procedure of the structural algorithm is the separation of the adjoint operator, without which it is impossible to solve non-self-adjoint linear problems of mathematical physics. This transformation is the most effective method for studying similar boundary value problems. The calculated design relationships make it possible to determine the stress-strain state and the character of the distribution of the temperature field in a rigidly fixed circular isotropic plate for an arbitrary external temperature effect with respect to time. Numerical analysis of the strength characteristics of the concrete structure shows that during the period of the unsteady load the maximum values of mechanical stresses are observed. Later, at a constant temperature regime, as a result of heating the entire plate, the displacements increase and the stresses fall.
Mexican Stock Exchange Performance after the Crisis of 2008: Application of Data Mining
Authors: Ramírez Reyes Eliseo , Morales Castro Arturo , Sanabria Landazábal Néstor Juan
Published: January 2020

Different prediction models are explored to analyze the performance of the Mexican Stock Exchange (PQI) after the 2008 crisis. These models have demonstrated a good prognostic capacity for both multivariable and univariable approaches given their non-parametric characteristics. The selected variables were: Dow Jones Industrial Average Index (DJIA), CPI, International Reserves (IR), CETES28, USDMX exchange rate, (M1) and the sovereign default risk of Mexico (MRDS). The models were evaluated with MAPE and compared with linear regression models (LR) and neural networks (NN). The results show that the models have a similar performance according to the percentages of error they presented.
Second-Order Arguments, or Do We Still Need Tolerance in the Public Sphere?
Authors: Loginov Aleksei V.
Published: January 2020

A number of widely discussed court decisions on cases of insults against religious feelings in Russia, such as the relatively recent “Pokemon Go” case of blogger Ruslan Sokolovsky or the lawsuit filed against an Orthodox priest by Nikolai Ryabchevsky in Yekaterinburg for comparing Lenin with Hitler, make pertinent the question of why toleration becomes so difficult in matters concerning religion. In this paper, I revise the classical liberal concept of toleration (David Heyd, Peter Nicholson, and John Horton), arguing that it is challenged by contemporary philosophers, who see no room for applying this concept in the “domain of identities”. The most prominent case of “primordial” identity, that is, the notion of identity as a given, is the claim of devoted believers for recognition. Should we replace the principle of toleration by the principle of recognition since the latter better corresponds to identity claims? To address this question, in the first part of the article I describe the mechanism of tolerant attitude (Nicholson, Heyd) and in the second part, I analyze the debates about the possibility or impossibility of inner religious toleration (Avishai Margalit, Cary Nederman, and Maxim Khomyakov) and further compare toleration and recognition as normative principles. In the light of the debates I took part in the conference hosted by the University of Southern Denmark in October 2019 as part of the project “Religious Majority/Minority in Public Space in Russia and Northern Europe: Historical-Cultural Analysis”, I come to the conclusion that the principle of toleration is preferable to the principle of recognition because the “second-order” arguments for toleration in a secular state will be universally acceptable (pragmatic argument) and, therefore, the principle of toleration is more logical (analytical argument). Following Peter John’s thesis about minimal recognition embedded in toleration, it may also be concluded that we need a normatively charged idea of citizenship, which could provide us with universal “second-order” foundation.
Aprendizado da Anatomia Hepatobiliar pela Mesa Anatômica Virtual 3D
Authors: Rosa Bruno Rodrigues , Correia Mauro Monteiro , Zidde Daniel Hetti , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Brito Ana Paula Coutinho Barros de , Biolchini Jorge Calmon de Almeida
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of the 3D virtual anatomical table as a complementary resource to the learning of the hepatobiliary anatomy by undergraduate medical students. Method A randomized controlled study comparing the anatomical learning of hepatobiliary structures, supported by a real model versus a virtual model, both three-dimensional (3D), by undergraduate medical students. The students’ perception of the resources used to teach anatomy was also evaluated. The students were submitted to a pre-test and to two evaluations after the interventions were applied. Results Overall, both the 3D virtual anatomical table and the real liver increased students’ knowledge of the hepatobiliary anatomy in relation to their previous knowledge (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively for second and third evaluations). In the longitudinal comparison between the pre-test and the second evaluation (hepatobiliary anatomy and Couinaud’s segmentation), this increase was significantly higher in the group allocated to the real liver (p = 0.002); in the comparison of the pre-test with the third evaluation (inclusion of adjacent organs in the anatomical table or in the real liver), the increase in knowledge was significantly higher in the group allocated to the anatomical table (p = 0.04). The perception of participants’ satisfaction regarding the learning resources was considered very good, with a minimum percentage of satisfaction of 80%. Conclusion the 3D virtual anatomical table provided more hepatobiliary anatomy knowledge than a real liver for undergraduate medical students, in comparison to their previous knowledge about these structures. In the cross-sectional comparison of the post-instruction evaluations, there was no difference between the two interventions. Moreover, the 3D platform had a positive impact on the level of satisfaction of study participants. This study shows that the 3D virtual anatomical table has the potential to improve both medical students’ understanding and interest in anatomy. It is recommended, however, that future protocols such as this be carried out with larger samples and exploring other anatomical structures.
Seabed modelling with a least-squares support-vector machine and sample cross-validation
Authors: Huang Xianyuan , Huang Chenhu , Baba Joji Daniel , Lu Xiuping , Fan Long , Deng Kailiang
Published: January 2020

This paper reports on a study to model seabed surfaces using the least-squares support-vector machine algorithm with a sample cross-validation (CV) method. It starts with a brief overview of the sample selection method of the algorithm and gives two important characteristics of the algorithm. It then focuses on the theory of sample CV and the steps of sample selection using this theory. Finally, to verify the validity of the sample CV method in sample selection for the algorithm, the measured multi-beam bathymetric data are selected to calculate and analyse. It is concluded that the sample CV method can reasonably screen out the sounding training samples with a large contribution to the function model, making the constructed function model more reasonable.
Transverse distribution of concentrated loads in timber–concrete floors: Parametric study
Authors: Monteiro Sandra R. S. , Dias Alfredo M. P. G. , Lopes Sérgio M. R.
Published: January 2020

Furniture and partition walls are commonly imposed loads on building floors. At the design stage, such concentrated loads are usually associated with the beam over which they are applied, disregarding the possibility of transversal distribution in slab-type structures. This article presents a comprehensive numerical study aimed at understanding the parameters that mostly affect the transverse load distribution for point and line loads on timber–concrete floors. A set of parameters that might affect the behaviour of these composite floors was formed and their limits of variation were established. Using a numerical model developed and validated by the authors, several modelling tasks were performed and the results, in terms of vertical displacements, support reactions and longitudinal bending moments, were analysed. The span, the concrete thickness and the structural system were found to be the parameters with a higher effect on the manner in which load is transversally distributed through floor beams. Also, the ‘degree of oversizing’ of timber sections should be taken into account when designing this type of composite floor, given its influence on the load distribution.
Nonmetallic inclusions in rails made of electro-steel alloyed with chromium
Authors: Umanskii A. A. , Golovatenko A. V. , Simachev A. S.
Published: January 2020

Type, relative concentration and size of most characteristic non-metallic inclusions for the elements of rails (head, web) from electro-steel of E79KhF and E90KhАF grades were determined on the basis of metallographic (with a microscope “OLYMPUS GX-51”) and spectral (using spectrometer “ARL iSpark” method “Spark-DAT”) analyses. It was found that the highest relative concentration of manganese sulfides (MnS) is 30.8 – 43.4 ppm. At the same time, 60 – 100 % of inclusions of this type are of small sizes (less than 4 μm), and it does not allow them to be detected using standard metallographic analysis with 100-fold magnification. The revealed high relative concentration of sulfide inclusions directly correlates with the established positive sulfur liquation in considered rail elements, which is up to 40 %. Despite the high concentration of manganese sulfides, their influence on the quality of rails can be considered not dangerous, taking into account their high ductility during hot deformation and the established prevalence of inclusions of this type with small size (less than 4 μm). Among inclusions of a silicate type, SiO2 inclusions (3.4 – 14.9 ppm) have a significant concentration. All detected inclusions of this type have a size not exceeding 4 μm. It was found that the concentration of complex inclusions containing alumina (Al2O3 – CaO – MgO, Al2O3 – CaO – MgO – CaS, Al2O3 – CaO, Al2O3 – MgO) is insignificant: in total it does not exceed 3.1 ppm and 1.6 ppm for individual types. The concentration of corundum (Al2O3) is also insignificant and does not exceed 0.3 ppm. In this case, alumina inclusions of small size (less than 6 μm) prevail. Due to the low contamination (taking into account the relative concentration and size of inclusions) with non-plastic silicate and alumina non-metallic inclusions, their influence on the quality of the rails was not significant. It is confirmed by the absence of defects detected during ultrasonic testing.
Ethno-confessional Policy of the Russian Imperial Government and its Implementation in the Olonets Province in the 1820s.
Authors: Efimova Victoria
Published: January 2020

The paper investigates the power of demonstration of such features as statism, paternalism, tolerance, the assumption of different governance models, and action on the principle of “ad hoc” in the ethnic and confessional policy of Russian Empire.
Karelian Borderland in Provincial Orthodox Publicistic during the First World War and in Journalistic Materials of the Northern Karelians’ National Movement in 1920
Authors: Dubrovskaya Elena
Published: January 2020

This study has shown how the Russian official press of the early 20 century influenced readership’ ideas in Finland and Karelia about the economic and socio-cultural condition of the Russian-Finnish border. The paper is based on Orthodox literature of the early twentieth century that was published both sides of the Russian-Finnish border.
Civil War in Karelian Regions of Russia: Challenges and Opportunities of Research
Authors: Vituhnovskaja-Kauppala Marina
Published: January 2020

The paper is concerned with the history and historiography of the Civil War in Karelian regions of the Russian North-West (1918–1922). Karelians were at the epicenter of the influence of several political and armed forces and they were compelled to choose a line of political behavior. The main part of the population of North Karelia (Viena Karjala region) has chosen a strategy of self-isolation and the quasi-nation building strategy, which was not viable.
Migration Processes in the Republic of Karelia. 1990–2015
Authors: Yalovitsyna Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses the migration processes changes in the Republic of Karelia in 1990–2015. Much attention is given to dynamics of demographic, socio-economic and sociocultural phenomena of the period under review, as well as on the challenges associated with migration; migration policy of the republican authorities.
Nonlinear Behavioral Attitude of Museum Visitors
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Seong-Jo , Kim Jae-Hak
Published: January 2020

This study addressed research questions based on optimal stimulation theory and balance theory and investigated nonlinear behavioral attitude, which can be formed and changed positively or negatively. Specifically, this study investigated the nonlinear effect of frequency of visits, place attachment, and visit satisfaction on behavioral attitude of museum visitors. In order to achieve the aim of this study, a total of 204 empirical surveys were analyzed using three-step hierarchical regression analysis. The empirical analysis revealed that more frequent visits to a museum can cause satiation and diminish behavioral attitude, resulting in an inverted U-effect on behavioral attitude. In addition, findings reveal that affective attachment fosters behavioral attitude with a nonlinear J-effect, while place dependence reduces behavioral attitude, showing an inverted nonlinear U-effect. However, visit satisfaction in museums has no effect on behavioral attitude. These findings imply that if researchers and managers are concerned with attracting more visitors to museums, it is important to gain insights into the nonlinear effect on behavioral attitude. Finally, more comprehensive academic and practical implications and recommendations are provided.
The Moderating Effect of Career Service Quality on the Relationship Among Occupational Personality Types, Work Values, Career Satisfaction, and Career Aspiration
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Choi Kyu-Hwan , Jung Ho-Kyun
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among occupational personality types, work values, career satisfaction, career service quality, and career aspiration. The empirical analysis revealed that, first, enterprising, artistic, social, and realistic types of occupational personalities had a significant effect on intrinsic work value. Second, the conventional type had a significant effect on extrinsic work value, while investigative and realistic types were negatively associated with extrinsic work value. Third, enterprising, investigative, social, and realistic types of personalities had an impact on career satisfaction. In addition, intrinsic work value played a positive role in increasing career satisfaction, while extrinsic work value did not. Furthermore, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a moderating effect of career service quality on the relationship between career satisfaction and career aspiration. Therefore, establishing an effective curriculum and career support service are suggested to develop students’ interests, aptitudes, and abilities in tourism.
MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER RASA INGIN TAHU SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MEDIA PUZZLE
Authors: Silmi Millati , Kusmarni Yani
Published: January 2020

The title of this research is “Growing up Students’ Curiosity Character in Learning History Through Puzzle Media in Class XI MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Lembang”. This research was held in Class XI MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Lembang. This research was motivated by the low of students’ curiosity character in learning history. The purpose of this research is how to grow the students’ curiosity in learning history among senior high school student, because most of them have wrong perception about learning history that considered as a boring lesson and only focused on text memorize without get the comprehensive perception related to the historical events. The developed indicators of the curiosity character in this research are the ability to ask questions, ability to answer questions from friends or teachers, ability to find out the information from books and the internet, then to contribute in group activities and class discussions, ability to interpret images in puzzles, and the ability to provide solutions of each questions in student work sheet (LKS). The research method used in this research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) by Kemmis and Mc Taggart. It consists of several stages, including the planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Based on the results of research, the character of the students’ curiosity in learning history has increased. It could be seen from the percentage that indicates students’ significant change. The percentage showed the change of students’ curiosity character which was not good enough to the good category. It can be a good recommendation for teachers or school to develop the learning process to grow students’ curiosity character, so that the learning would be more meaningful.
PENERAPAN MEDIA FILM SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGOLAH INFORMASI SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH
Authors: Widiani Lusiana Surya , Darmawan Wawan , Ma'mur Tarunasena
Published: January 2020

The background of this study is the lack of ability to process information of students in history subject in grade 11 Social I Pasundan 8 Senior High School Bandung. This can be seen from most students were only able to develop the ability to remember and memorize. When students are exposed to an issue, students were not able to process the information. The ability to process the information outlined in this study is the student’s ability to process information from a variety of sources of information when learning takes place. To that end, researchers are trying to do research with the goal of improving students’ ability to process information through the implementation of film media in history subject. This research is using a classroom action research methods design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. The classroom action research method (PTK) were done with four steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Based on the research that has been done, student progress in achieving the criteria on the indicator of the ability to process information that has been determined to experience a significant increase in each cycle. Through the implementation of film as media, the students used to process the information they receive. This shows that in the application of the film to enhance the students’ ability to process information is one way that can be used in the teaching of history in schools. The results of this study can be used as advice or recommendations as well as consideration for teachers so that students will have the ability to process information so that the teaching process become more meaningful.
Analysis of the Existence of Signage in Batik Lasem Tourism Village
Authors: Mandaka Mutiawati
Published: January 2020

Research on the analysis of the presence of signage in the Lasem Batik Tourism Village aims to identify signage, activities and visual areas of the Lasem written batik area, identify visual forming factors in the Lasem written batik area and get an analysis of the presence of signage in the Lasem batik tourism village area and provide recommendations on the results of the analysis so that they can provide a reference and guide for local governments/managers in carrying out the stages of developing a new tourist attraction vehicle in Rembang district.This study uses quantitative rationalistic methods, using regression analysis techniques to look for significant signage influence. Stratified random sampling is used to achieve objectivity. The population used as respondents are people with an educational background in architecture, the general public and residents who live there every day. Furthermore, the number of samples taken proportionally, while the sample area is determined using the area sampling technique. This method was taken in accordance with the purpose of the study to analyze the presence of signage in the Lasem has written batik tourism village area. Based on the findings it can be concluded that the presence of signage in commercial buildings/showrooms has a significant positive effect on the visual aesthetic of Lasem Batik Tourism Village. Keywords: Signage, Visual Aesthetics, Lasem Batik Tourism Village
Conservation of Cultural Heritage Architecture and Development of Tourism in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Runa I Wayan , Warnata I Nyoman , Anasta Putri Ni Putu Ratih Pradnyaswari
Published: January 2020

This research aims to examine the role of conservation of cultural heritage architecture in the development of tourism in Denpasar and to describe the concept that shapes the downtown Denpasar (zone Z). Following the characteristics of the object of study (research questions), this research uses phenomenology as the paradigm. The qualitative method (phenomenology) is an inclusive and flexible method, which is always developing. This method helps to gain an understanding of meaning, develop theories, and describes complex realities. This research was conducted with the help of human instruments (the researchers), notebooks, voice recorders, and research assistants. Additionally, this research emphasizes qualitative techniques, in which researchers or human factors have an important role. Primary data consist of words and actions, while secondary data include documents, photos, and statistics. Results show that the cultural life of Denpasar citizen has a significant effect on the development of tourism in Denpasar, Bali. It is evident in the structure, functions, and meaning of downtown Denpasar Heritage City, especially in managing the area, planning, and building layout. The downtown Denpasar has a unique pattern called Pempatan Agung. In the context of tourism, the development of Denpasar should focus on creativity and culture. The responsibility of managing the area should be shouldered by the community, cultural experts, universities, NGOs, private companies, and the government. Also, there needs to be a continuous evaluation of the results of management. Keywords: Pempatan Agung, culture, creativity.
Chiasm in stylism of scientific and media
Authors: Shmeleva Tatyana Victorovn
Published: January 2020

The article presents a study of the stylistic figure of chiasm in media and scientific speech. The generalized views of researchers on this element of style, mainly poetic speech. An understanding of chiasm is formulated, which emphasizes the need to take into account the identity of the lexical composition of the parts of the chiastic construction, which significantly narrows the range of facts related to chiasm, and the main semantic effect of this figure is the mirroriness of the connected parts. Cases of using chiastic constructions in the heading position (VIRTUAL REALITY AND REAL VIRTUALITY) and in the media text (Yevgeny Yevtushenko was the most Russian poet from Westerners and the most western of Russian poets) are considered. It is shown that the stylistic effect in the first case is intriguing, in the second - an expressive assessment. Cases of using chiasm in the media text are analyzed from the standpoint of semantic syntax; it has been revealed that elements of propositions — actants, predicates, and the position as a whole — are involved in chiasm. Attention is drawn to the fact that chiastic constructions, formally representing a complex sentence, are not polypositive structures, because in them one proposition is fixed in two reflections (We need to kill free time, or it will kill us). The importance of describing chiasm among the expressive means of media stylistics and the style of scientific speech is emphasized.
Narenciye Kabuğu Esansiyel Yağları Kullanılarak Hazırlanan Mikroenkapsüle Balık Yağı Tozlarının Depolama Süresince Renk ve Duyusal Değişimleri
Authors: UÇAR Yılmaz
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, hamsi yağına eklenen narenciye kabuğu
esansiyel yağlarının (portakal, limon, mandalina ve greyfurt) sprey kurutma
yoluyla mikroenkapsüle edilmesi sonucu elde edilen balık yağı tozlarının oda
sıcaklığında (24±1oC) 12 haftalık depolama süresi boyunca rengi ve
duyusal kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mikroenkapsülasyon sonrası
örneklerin renk parlaklığı (L*)
değerinin 76.46 - 81.51, a* değerinin
(-2.50) - (-0.52) ve b* değerinin
7.41 - 19.39 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Genel olarak, L*, renk beyazlığı (Whiteness) ve renk tonu (Hue) değerleri
depolama süresiyle birlikte azalırken, a
*, b * ve renk berrraklık (Croma)
değerleri dalgalanma göstermiştir. Gruplar arasında en fazla renk değişimi (∆E)
kontrol grubunda (8.04), en az değişim ise mandalina kabuğu esansiyel yağ
grubunda (4.55) gözlenmiştir. ME balık yağı tozları koku, görünüm ve partikül
çapları bakımından birbirlerinden farklılık göstermiştir. Görsel gözlemler, ME
balık yağı tozları kontrol grubunun renginin beyaz, ME portakal ve limon kabuğu
EO gruplarının soluk beyaz, ME mandalina kabuğu EO grubunun sarımsı ve ME
greyfurt kabuğu EO grubunun şampanya renginde olduğunu göstermiştir. Tüm
grupların kuru toz örnekleri ince ve pürüzsüz olmasına rağmen, özellikle
kontrol grubunda depolama sonlarına doğru kümelenme- topaklaşma gözlenmiştir. Panelistler
tarafından kontrol grubunda gözlenen balık kokusunun, eklenen esansiyel yağlar
ile baskılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda kullanılan esansiyel yağların depolamanın sonlarına
doğru kontrol grubunda gözlenen acılaşma kokusunu bastırdığı ve renk sonuçları
ile de uyumlu olarak yağların acılaşmasını önlediği dolayısıyla oksidasyonu
önlediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Consistómetro Bostwick como una herramienta visual de control de calidad para alimentos espesados
Authors: MIRANDA ZAMORA William Rolando , CALLE BERRU Estrellita Mayra , FLORES MENDOZA Lesly Carolina , IPANAQUE PULACHE Daly Marcela , LOPEZ BURGOS Luis Vidal , SÁNCHEZ CHERO Manuel Jesús , SÁNCHEZ CHERO José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Diseñar, construir y medir la consistencia Bostwick de alimentos espesados a un nivel objetivo, ya que la consistencia Bostwick es crítica para el control de calidad de los mismos. Este estudio examinó la relación de la extensión o recorrido en el Bostwick (es decir, la distancia que fluye un líquido) para una variedad de alimentos que se expenden en el Mercadillo de Sullana y se determinó si la distancia de flujo diferenciaba visualmente el espesor de alimentos versus la consistencia similar a la miel. Se probaron 4 productos espesados (mostaza, aderezo, mayonesa y miel) adquiridos del Mercadillo de Sullana. Las mediciones se registraron usando el consistómetro Bostwick. Las consistencias Bostwick de los alimentos espesados y parecidos a la miel diferían significativamente en su grado de recorrido. Usando nuestro consistómetro Bostwick, B10s: 13 cm en la miel (83,95°Brix), B30s: 2,2 cm en mostaza (12,3°Brix), B10s: 4,3 cm en mayonesa (0,25°Brix) y aderezo (7,5°Brix) que no se logró realizar debido a su consistencia (muy liquida, consistencia similar agua), ninguno de los alimentos medidos tiene consistencia similar a la miel. Hubo una correlación inversa entre los datos de la viscosidad y los resultados de la consistencia Bostwick.  

Palabras clave: Consistencia, consistómetro, alimentos espesados.
Development of 3D human kidney model using Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells and HUVECs
Authors: Basher, MS Aatif , Goggins, BS William , Gramelspacher, BS Erika , Walsh Julia , Kaplan, PhD Mark H. , Zhang, PhD Wenjun , Molitoris, MD Bruce , Yoder, MD Mervin , Ekser, MD, PhD Burcin , Li, PhD Ping
Published: January 2020

Background and Hypothesis: Development of realistic, scaffold-free 3D organoids/tubuloids such as renal-like tissue, can serve as models for study of renal drug toxicity/screening, tissue repair, and renal disease. Previous studies utilized urine-derived epithelial cells (UDEpCs) to create viable tubuloid structures suspended in 3D Matrigel, displaying renal epithelial gene expression and functionality. Alternatively, renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) with HUVECs were co-cultured in a monolayer to improve the model. Therefore, we hypothesized that the addition of HUVECs will help to establish and optimize growth conditions of UDEpCs in a 3D environment.
Experimental design: UDEpCs were isolated and co-cultured with tdTomatoHUVECs in Matrigel with different combinations of growth media. Cell growth and endothelial cell tube formation were examined daily. PTECs and tdTomatoHUVECs were also used to make spheroids in low-binding plates. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine gene expression for epithelial markers (ABCC4, PAX8), an endothelial marker (PECAM1), and TGF-β in spheroids.
Results: A single cell-derived colony was isolated from human urine and was double positive for CD10 and CD13, two renal PTEC markers. Co-culture of UDEpCs and tdTomato-HUVECs in Matrigel dramatically increased the growth, survival, and tubuloid formation of both cell types, for up to 12 days. Total RNA from spheroids showed a decline over time in all conditions. Gene expression was decreased in co-culture conditions, but patterns of gene expression were maintained.
Conclusions and Potential Impact: Future studies will examine gene expression in Matrigel cells, further optimize conditions for growth of UDEpCs, and perform functional assays, such as brush border enzyme activity. Improved methods to develop 3D kidney organoids/tubuloids will produce more accurate models for renal function studies. Developing a functional model mimicking in vivo processes can lead to new applications for creating novel therapies and treatment strategies.
The application of STAD-Cooperative Learning Model: Efforts to increase motivation and Learning Outcomes of students in Class 5 SD N 07 Ledok Salatiga in Mathematics subjecth in Folding Symmetry and Rotating Symmetry topics
Authors: Munawar Muhammad
Published: January 2020

This study aims to improve the motivation and mathematical achievement of a two-dimensional figure about folding symmetry and rotary symmetry for fifth-grade students of SD Negeri Ledok 07 Salatiga in the even semester of 2018/2019. This research was conducted in the fifth grade of SD Negeri Ledok 07 Salatiga for one semester. Subjects in the study were all fifth-grade students as many as 23 students, consisting of 12 women and 11 men. This study used two cycles of action. In each cycle, it was carried out in 4 stages, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data collection was through documentation, observation, and test results. Whereas, the research instruments were in the form of a list of values, observation sheets, and written questions. Data were obtained from observers, consisting of teachers as collaborators and the lesson grid. Data analysis used comparative descriptive followed by reflection. In the initial conditions, it turned out that learning outcomes were still low, as evidenced by students who scored 70 or more were still seven students (34.8%). In the first cycle, students who scored 70 or more were 15 students (65.2%). In cycle II, students who scored 70 or more increased to 21 students (91.3). Then, it can be concluded that the Student Team Achievement Division model can improve motivation and learning outcomes for mathematics in the fifth grade at SD Negeri Ledok 07 Salatiga in the second semester of 2018/2019.
Socioenvironmental networks and international cooperation: The Global Alliance for Recycling and Sustainable Development- GARSD
Authors: Ziglio Luciana Aparecida  Iotti , Ribeiro Wagner Costa
Published: January 2020

Networks of nongovernmental organizations dedicated to socio-environmental issues have emerged in recent decades. The involvement of these networks in the international sphere has enabled new approaches to international cooperation. This article introduces the concept of international cooperation and the Global Alliance for Recycling and Sustainable Development (GARSD), a socio-environmental network created by a coalition of NGOs dedicated to promoting recycling of municipal solid waste. This article is the result of a doctoral study conducted using documentary analysis, participant observation and other qualitative data collection methods.  The study conclusively finds that it is neessary to analyze the work of these non-state actors within the context of international cooperation between nation states and the possibility of (re)creating political-territorial arrangements, such as networks comprising a variety of actors especially geared towards socio-environmental issues.
Permanent preservation, coverage area and use of the land in the hydrographic basin of the Almas River, microregion de Ceres, Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Barbalho Maria Gonçalves da Silva , Franco José Luiz de Andrade , Leal Antonio Cezar , Peixoto Josana de Castro
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to map the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), as well as land cover and land use in the Almas River basin in Goiás, Brazil, based on geoprocessing. The results showed the remnants of the original vegetation are limited to fragments and occupy 32.52% of the area. Grassland is the dominant use, which is distributed throughout the area. Sugar cane and grains secondarily occupy other areas of the river basin. The mapped permanent preservation areas occupy an area of 1,182.22 km2, representing only 11.53% of the basins total area. The PPAs located on slopes with a 45º had a smaller area mapped and they were less affected by the use, whereas those of PPAs located in the springs and watercourses with larger area. Land use, disregarding APP areas, can endanger vital areas that, if degraded, represent damage to water resources.
International climate change negotiation: the role of Brazil
Authors: Da Conceição Marcela Cardoso Guilles , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Cordeiro Fernanda Reis , Cesário Fernando Vieira , Selva Gracie Verde , Maria Carolinna , Matos Eduardo da Silva , Cordeiro Renato Campello , Bidone Edison Dausacker
Published: January 2020

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere raises the average temperature of the planet, triggering problems that threaten the survival of humans. Protecting the global climate from the effects of climate change is an essential condition for sustaining life. For this reason, governments, scientists, and society are joining forces to propose better solutions that could well-rounded environmentally, social and economic development relationships. International climate change negotiations involve many countries in establishing strategies to mitigate the problem. Therefore, understanding international negotiation processes and how ratified agreements impact a country is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this paper is to systematize information about how climate negotiations have progressed, detailing key moments and results, analyzing the role that Brazil played in the course of these negotiations and the country’s future perspectives.
Identification Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Related Factors among Street Cleaners of Isfahan Municipality
Authors: Abbaspour MohammadReza , Habibi Ehsan
Published: January 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major work-related diseases resulting from repetitive motions, awkward postures and exertion of excessive force on joints or an acute trauma. The present study was an attempt to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Methods: the present article is a cross-sectional causal-comparative study conducted on street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Cochran's formula was used to select 173 individuals as samples through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire covering demographic data (age, marital status, previous and current work experience, type of physical activity, work-related activity, height and weight of individuals, height and weight of tools, etc.) and specialized data (Nordic Self-Reporting Questionnaire). SPSS software and independent T-test were used to analyze the collected data. Results: 93% of street cleaners experienced musculoskeletal disorders in at least one organ over the past 12 months and factors associated with these disorders reportedly include occupational experience, age, marital status, height and weight of instrument, Body mass index and posture). The musculoskeletal disorders were found to be most prevalent in lower back (33%) and the shoulders (32.9%) and least prevalent in thighs (5%) over the past 12 months. Conclusion: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in different parts of street cleaners’ body, and a variety of factors including work experience, age, marital status, tool height, tool weight, tool grip strength and posture are associated with that.  The results also showed that correction of body movements and designing an ergonomic tool commensurate with the physical activity of street cleaners can prevent musculoskeletal disorders among them.
The Influence of Signal to Noise Ratio on the Pharmacokinetic Analysis in DCE-MRI Studies
Authors: NV Dehkordi Azimeh , Koohestani Saeideh
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Recruiting the Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters estimated from non-invasive methods such as Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to evaluate or plan treatment procedure is widely investigated in clinical practices. Interpretation of the DCE-MRI data is highly dependent to precision and accuracy of the estimated parameters. One of the most effective factors on the DCE-MR images and on the contrast concentration profile is the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This work focuses on the analytical evaluation of the noise effect on accuracy of the estimated PK parameters in DCE-MRI studies.
Materials and Methods: Tofts model as a popular pharmacokinetic model and model selection technique was used to simulate 3470 time curves of contrast concentration. Maximum likelihood estimator as a minimum variance unbiased estimator was recruited to estimate the PK parameters. Eleven levels of signal to noise ratios (SNR= 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 50, Noiseless) were added to the simulated CA concentration profiles. The PK parameters were estimated for 11 series data and then Mean Percentage Error (MPE) was calculated for estimated parameters.
Results: The results indicate that the most sensitive parameter to the SNR of the DCE-MR images is inverse transfer constant. A SNR greater than 25 was found to ensure a reasonable error (MPE <5%) in all models parameters.
Conclusion: Clinical decision based on the DCE-MRI data analysis and estimated PK parameters needs a good image quality (SNR>25), an accurate and robust estimator and correct pharmacokinetic model selection
Evaluation of the effects and side effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants
Authors: Fathi Hamed , Azadbakht Mohammad , Esmaealzadeh Niusha
Published: January 2020

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites, the most important of which are alkaloids. Alkaloids are organic compounds that have diverse structural and physiological activity. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are non-polar compounds that have side effects and harmful effects especially hepatotoxicity in addition to its medicinal properties. Therefore, due to the presence of these materials in some medicinal plants and the importance of these materials and consumption of plants, and monitoring and more precision in these cases, this study was carried out. In this paper, the information have been collected from electronic library resources and from reputable sites such as Google Scholar and Scopus, PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), and the related keywords, which was the benchmark for the period between 1991 and 2019, and about 90 articles and non-electronic resources for pyrolyzidine alkaloids, Medicinal plants, their effects, and their experiences and experiences were evaluated. Pyrrolizidine alkoxides in some dark Vegetable plants such as Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Orchidoceae, Boraginaceae family have been reported. Consumption of herbal products has been commonplace from centuries ago and is vital importance in various parts of the world, today. Many alkaloids are mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans. PAS-containing plants are present in most parts of the world and cause poisoning and damage to humans, livestock and wildlife.Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are found in some plants, can be harmed to body tissues, important properties and medicinal effects, of course, have also been reported, which requires it to be used for studying, knowing and recognizing the structure, organs and plants.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ice Cubes Versus Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwash both as Prophylactic Measure and as Treatment of Oral Mucositis Induced by Systemic Anticancer Therapies
Authors: Ismael Hamad Ameen Bilal , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali , Majid Sarkawt
Published: January 2020

Oral mucositis is a complication of systemic anticancer therapies. This study aimed at investigating the use of ice cubes and sodium bicarbonate mouthwash as a preventive and a treatment measure for oral mucositis in patients receiving systemic anticancer therapies. The two measures were given to 50 patients, 24 of whom already had oral mucositis at Oncology Department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil/ Iraq. Patients’ grades for oral mucositis were recorded before and after receiving the two measures. After treatment of the 24 patients with Oral Mucositis, the number decreased to 9 patients. The grades of patients’ oral mucositis also decreased to lower grades The two measures were effective but sodium bicarbonate mouthwash was more significant effective as a treatment and preventive measure for oral mucositis (p=0.044) than ice cubes (p=0.022).
Determining the Prevalence of Attention Deficit Disorder / Hyperactivity in Medical Students of Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences in 2011-2014
Authors: Panah Ameneh , Zare Shahram
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity in medical students of Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences in 2011-2014. This research is a descriptive study. In this study, 176 students were selected through available sampling among medical students from Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2014.In this study, the Wender Utah and rating scale were completed by students through self-reporting The population of the study included 176 students who 105 were female students, and 71 were male students. Based on the findings of this study, the rate of attention deficit disorder hyperactivity among students was 1.7%, and 10.8% of students were suspected of this disorder. In this study, there was no statistically significant relationship between the items such as gender, marital status, age, total score, and history of mental disorders and mean scores for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence of attention deficit disorder hyperactivity in students is significant. Due to the interactions that this disturbance causes in the student's academic and occupational performance, student assessments should be made at university registration as well as at university by the academic advisers in order to diagnose and treat them.