bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fra bibelske til rabbinske opfattelser af askese: Jødedommens verdensbekræftende praksis
Authors: Schleicher Marianne
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to supplement scholarly positions that define asceticism either as a matter of world renouncement and elitist self-exclusion from the world or as always oriented toward transcendent goals or practices of improvement because these positions run the risk of overlooking moderate kinds of asceticism. Israelite, early Jewish, and early Rabbinic Jewish religion are replete with examples of moderate asceticism where both men and women are encouraged to engage in abstinence and self-training in order – not to improve, but – to preserve a religious tradition. With Steven D. Fraade’s definition of asceticism as a departing point, the article examines abstinence and self-training in the Hebrew Bible, early Jewish and early Rabbinic literature. The author discerns three types of moderate asceticism: that of the priest, the layperson, and the hero/-ine. These three types complement each other in a shared effort to preserve divine blessings in this world and thereby the preservation of Israelite-Jewish tradition.
Maria Magdalena i Provence: Tribal og post-aksial askese
Authors: Jensen Hans Jørgen Lundager
Published: February 2018

The final episode in the legend of Mary Magdale according to Legenda aurea is an example of extreme asceticism in a ‘historic (post-axial) religion’. But the scenario with the saint in the ‘desert’ is built on mythical and ritual themes well-known from ‘tribal’ and ‘archaic’ religions. Axaial asceticism contains a previously unknown, universal ideal about a durative, lifelong asceticism; but this ideal both prolongs and inverts forms of asceticism that were well-known in earlier forms of religion.
Husstanden som kloster: ’Verdslig askese’ i dansk husholdnings- og bønnelitteratur efter reformationen
Authors: Thomsen Søren Feldtfos
Published: February 2018

In this article I explore the re-interpretation of asceticism in the Danish Protestant reformation of the sixteenth century. With Max Weber’s concept of ‘inner-worldly asceticism’ as my starting point, I analyze a number of printed Danish evangelical household manuals and prayer books from the post-reformation era, tracing the ascetic features of the ideal household as it was articulated by Lutheran devotional authors of the period. These features included a daily life punctuated by prayer and contemplation, an emphasis on obedience to paternal authority, the regulation of sexuality, and an understanding of manual labor as a form of divine service. Thus, I argue that the ascetic ideal of medieval monasticism persisted after the formal adoption of Lutheranism in Denmark and the abolition of the Danish monasteries, above all in the Lutheran ideal of the marital household.
Al-Shāṭibīs sufismekritik: Hvorfor en ʿālim fra al-Andalus forkastede askese og virtuosereligiositet
Authors: Riexinger Martin
Published: February 2018

The faqīh (Islamic legal scholar) al-Shāṭibī (d. 1388) from Granada is primarily known for his innovative approach within the field of legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh). However, he dedicated much attention to the criticism of sufism. But like other Islamic scholars who opposed Sufism he did not primarily attack infringements on the ‘rights of God’. Instead he highlighted that the ascetic practices propagated by the Sufis are detrimental to the welfare of both the individual Muslim and society as a whole. Furthermore he argues that their charismatic authority based on their asceticism and miracles allegedly bestowed on them threatens to undermine Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) along rational and intersubjective lines.
Peter Sloterdijk, Skum og religion
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction to the work of Peter Sloterdijk, with special attention to his ideas on religion. The article first gives an overview of the main subjects of some of the most important books: Critique of Cynical Reason, the three volumes in the Spheres-trilogy: Bubbles, Globes, and Foams and In the World Interior of Capital. Subsequently, it explains the main topics in the work such as post-enlightenment, immunity systems, anthropology, and theories of social life. Finally, it discusses the main issues in Sloterdijk’s thoughts on religion, based on books such as Rage and Time, and God’s Zeal.

DANSK RESUME: Religionsvidenskabelig orienteret indføring i Peter Sloterdijks værk, med særlig opmærksomhed på hans religionsteori. Artiklen giver først et overblik over hovedværker: Kritik af den kyniske fornuft, trebindsværket om Sfærer: ‘Bobler’, ‘Glober’ og ‘Skumdannelser’ samt I den kapitalistiske verdens indre rum. Derefter følger en redegørelse for de vigtigste emner i værket: post-oplysning, immunsystemer, antropologi og teorier om menneskers liv sammen. Til sidst diskuteres Sloterdijks religionsteori som den er fremlagt i bøgerne Vrede og tid og Guds iver.
Det næstekærlige fællesskab: Bemærkninger til kristendommens selv-dekonstruktion
Authors: Lysemose Kasper
Published: February 2018

The paper presents the self-deconstruction of Christianity in the guise of two claims: i. The God withdrawn is part in a community of those who are abandoned by God – namely as the ‘with’ of their being-with. ii. Christian love is the reserve in Christianity that exposes us to this very being-with – i.e. to something in Christianity “older” than Christianity itself. Jean-Luc Nancy’s general ontology of being-with and its specific configuration as a ‘deconstruction of Christianity’ is introduced. Subsequently this deconstruction is traced in The Works of Love by Søren Kierke-gaard.

Artiklen præsenterer kristendommens selv-dekonstruktion i form af to teser: i. Den tilbagetrukne Gud er med i fællesskabet af dem, der er forladt af Gud – nemlig som ‘medet’ i deres med-væren. ii. Den kristne kærlighed er den reserve i kristendommen, som eksponerer os for netop denne med-væren – dvs. for noget i kristendommen, der er “ældre” end kristendommen selv. Der introduceres til Jean-Luc Nancys generelle med-værens ontologi og dens specifikke udformning som en ‘dekonstruktion af kristendommen’. Herefter efterspores denne dekonstruktion i Kjerlighedens Gjerninger af Søren Kierkegaard.
Unge norske muslimers refleksjoner rundt fenomenet ære
Authors: Eidhamar Levi Geir
Published: February 2018

The first part of the article explores how concepts like "honor", "shame" and "guilt" are defined and described within anthropology, sociology and psychology, and highlights discourses within and between these disciplines. The second part is based on qualitative interviews with 24 young Norwegian Muslims. It analyzes their attitudes towards “honor” and “cultures of honor”– as they themselves define these concepts. How do they judge honor according to their own interpretation of Islam? How do they describe and evaluate attitudes and practices in the homeland of their parents? Do they attempt to distinguish between religion and culture in these questions? The majority scorn values and practices in cultures of honor. This is based on religion as well as pure human values. A minority believe honor is an Islamic value that contributes to high moral values.

Første del av artikkelen gir en innføring i hvordan begrepene "ære", "skam" og "skyld" blir definert og beskrevet innen sosialantropologi, sosiologi og psykologi. Diskurser innenfor og mellom disiplinene blir belyst. Den andre delen bygger på kvalitative intervjuer med 24 unge norske muslimer. Her analyseres holdningene til det de selv beskrev som ærestenkning. Hvordan bedømmer de denne tenkningen ut fra egen tolkning av islam? Hva tenker de om holdninger og praksis i foreldrenes hjemland? Ønsker de å skille mellom religion og kultur i disse spørsmålene? Flertallet tok skarp avstand til ærestenkning – både på religiøst og allmennmenneskelig grunnlag. Et mindretall mente ærestekning var en islamsk verdi som bidro til høy moral.
“Deres bøn ved Huset består kun af fløjten og klappen i hænderne” (sura 8:35): Forhandling og strategier om procession i Koranen
Authors: Christiansen Johanne Louise
Published: February 2018

English abstract: In this article, I pose the question of whether and to what extent processional practices are treated in the Qur’an and early Sunnī ‘pietist’ Islamic traditions. I argue that the demonstrative and participative type of procession is relevant in relation to the Islamic pilgrimage (hajj), in particular to the circumambulation (ṭawāf) around the Kaʿba; but also that certain aspects of this ritual complex generated some ideological uneasiness among the Qur’anic community (Q 2:158; 8:35). As such, the Qur’an contains a negotiation between an axial ideal of anti-procession and an aim of long-time durability of the text and ‘Qur’anic religion’. Not criticising the earlier ritual practices too much may have been a pragmatic strategy to incorporate as many adherents as possible. As long as the conducting of prayer was at the center of the ritual, circumambulation could also be accepted. 

Dansk resume: I denne artikel stiller jeg spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt og i hvilken grad Koranen og de tidlige ‘pietistiske’ sunnī-islamiske traditioner behandler processionslignende praksisser. Jeg argumenterer, at den demonstrative og participative processionstype er relevante i forhold til den islamiske valfart (hajj) og specifikt til circumambulationen (ṭawāf) om Kaʿbaen; men også at visse dele af ritualerne skabte nogle ideologiske bekymringer for den koraniske menighed (K 2:158; 8:35). Koranen indeholder derfor en forhandling imellem et aksialt ideal om antiprocession, og teksten og den ‘koraniske religions’ overordnet langtidsholdbare mål. En kritik af de rituelle praksisser, hvor man ikke ‘sagde for meget’, kan være en pragmatisk strategi med det formål at tiltrække så mange tilhængere som muligt. Så længe det at forrette bøn var i centrum af ritualerne, kunne circumambulation også accepteres.
Modtagne bøger
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: February 2018

Modtagne bøger
Lourdes: Processioner og kraft i Zolas roman Valfartsstedet
Authors: Baunvig Katrine Frøkjær
Published: February 2018

English abstract: This article outlines the emergence of Lourdes as a shrine. This sketch records how procession practices seem important in the cultural grounding of the site. But the article's real center of attention is a study of how French author-jounalist and intellectual, Republican free-thinker, Émile Zola’s novel Lourdes depicts processions. The novel is driven forth by a critique of contemporary religious life. Nevertheless, this critique is somewhat softened in the description of the ritual performances of the processions. Pertaining in particular to the interest in force-metaphors, Zola in these passages shows a perhaps surprising resemblance to formative figures within the study of religion such as Émile Durkheim.Dansk resume: Denne artikel skitserer fremvæksten af Lourdes som helligsted fra midten til slutningen af 1800-tallet. Denne skitse tegner blandt andet konturerne af processionspraksissers betydning for helligtstedets etablering. Men artiklens egentlige tyngdepunkt er undersøgelsen af processionsskildringerne i den franske forfatter-journalist og intellektuelle, republikanske fritænker Émile Zolas roman Valfartsstedet fra 1894. Denne roman er en religions- og samtidskritik; men denne kritik nedtones påfaldende i beskrivelserne af processioners kraft og virkning. I disse passager viser Zola et måske overraskende slægtskab med den formative religionsvidenskabs interesse for ‘religiøse kræfter’ som den formuleres fx hos Émile Durkheim.
Metafysikeren Løgstrup
Authors: Widmann Peter
Published: February 2018

The final work of the late Knud Ejler Løgstrup Metafysik I-IV can be considered as a consequent step on his road to a religious philosophy. In all his writings Løgstrup has tried to show the importance of a religious interpretation of reality both for a sound development of theology and for the survival of Western civilization. This religious interpretation has to be pronounced as a philosophical position, criticizing the disastrous consequences of the split between nature and human existence in modern philosophy. This return to religion in the understanding of reality is not meant to eliminate modern science of the liberties of Western society. According to Løgstrup, the interpretation of reality as given by a transcendent power is a possibility – not a necessity – also today. This interpretation does not touch the radical otherness of God, whose only unambiguous manifestation is to be found in his Word in Christ.The article raises some questions concerning the consistency of Løgstrup’s metaphysical and theological position. In the posthumously edited volume III, Løgstrup claims that the “Universe” is the final actor in both nature and history. Is this position tenable without traditional realistic metaphysics? Does Løgstrup rely on a pre-critical pre-supposition, namely that we have access to reality as such? Løgstrup seems, consequently, to exaggerate the dangers of post-critical thinking. Furthermore, it can be questioned, whether Løgstrups’ latest metaphysical views are in harmony with some of his theological convictions.
Billedsproget - en ny udvej for teologien?
Authors: Bilde Per
Published: February 2018

Et kritisk opgør med bestemmelsen af billedsprogets kategori og funktion i Kirsten Nielsens disputats "For et træ er der håb. Om træet som metafor i Jes 1-39" (København 1985).
Du (non) désir d’enfant
Authors: Hancart Pascale
Published: February 2018

Cette contribution aborde le concept de « désir d’enfant » en interrogeant la notion d’espace social de la procréation en contexte de violence structurelle et à partir des questions suivantes : qui met un enfant au monde ou n’en met pas ? Qui décide et pourquoi ? Ainsi, la mise au monde des enfants est analysée non pas seulement comme un pur produit du désir individuel mais aussi comme une « production ». Les données sont issues d’une recherche ethnographique menée au Cambodge de 2008 à 2012 au sujet de la construction et de la production sociale des normes, des biotechnologies et de leurs usages en matière de santé de la reproduction. Le propos s’appuie sur deux corpus ethnographiques relevés dans les quartiers pauvres de Phnom Penh et décrit des pratiques de stérilisation masculine, de vente de services sexuels pendant la grossesse, et de marchandisation des nouveau-nés. Après avoir situé historiquement la construction des politiques de régulation des naissances à l’échelle internationale et locale, l’article déploie deux dimensions analytiques. L’une, étique, se rapporte aux rôles des institutions internationales et étatiques dans la gestion des corps des individus. L’autre, émique, renvoie à la perception, au vécu et à l’expérience des individus sur ce qu’ils subissent. Ainsi l’article analyse les logiques qui sous-tendent l’émergence de formes sociales de la reproduction humaine, contrainte et sécurisée, ou soumise à une haute productivité.
Parenté et affects
Authors: Tarnovski Flávio Luiz
Published: February 2018

Les familles créées par des couples de même sexe sont au centre des débats contemporains sur le mariage et la filiation. Le désir d’enfant exprimé par des gays et des lesbiennes peut être réalisé par l’adoption, la procréation assistée ou la coparentalité. Dans toutes ces configurations se pose la question du lien qui s’établira avec le parent « social », lien socialement valorisé comme preuve de la force de l’amour et de la volonté dans la création d’une famille. Les choix individuels et la proximité affective sont ainsi mis en valeur comme fondements de l’attachement familial. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée auprès de familles homoparentales françaises, l’auteur propose d’analyser les rapports entre les affects, la parentalité et la filiation dans un contexte marqué par des changements récents dans la législation sur le mariage et l’adoption. Considérant que la fonction centrale de la filiation est d’incorporer un individu à un réseau de parenté, l’analyse tente de montrer que c’est justement l’absence de reconnaissance officielle qui conditionne cette intégration à la démonstration d’un attachement affectif.
Le nouvel agritourisme intégré, une tendance du tourisme durable
Authors: DURRANDE-MOREAU Agnès , H. COURVOISIER François , BOCQUET Anne Marie
Published: February 2018

Le tourisme lié à l’agriculture, encore appelé agritourisme, constitue actuellement une activité très dynamique mais relativement peu documentée. L’article remet en question l’approche dominante actuelle de l’agritourisme, jugée trop restrictive, en s’appuyant sur les sciences de gestion ainsi que sur des données de terrain. Il propose une nouvelle approche théorique ne se limitant plus au tourisme à la ferme et appelée « agritourisme intégré », en phase avec le développement durable. Il livre des recommandations pratiques à destination des territoires qui souhaiteraient développer cet agritourisme intégré.
La transition de la vie militaire à la vie civile
Authors: Blackburn Dave
Published: February 2018

La transition de la vie militaire à la vie civile représente un moment important dans le parcours de vie des anciens combattants. La collecte et l’interprétation de données sur les enjeux transitoires permettent d’édifier un portrait de leurs besoins en matière de réinsertion à la vie civile. Méthodologie: Une approche qualitative comprenant des entretiens semi-dirigés a été adoptée. Dix-sept anciens combattants ont participé à l’étude. Ils parlent le français, habitent le Québec et ont été libérés des Forces armées canadiennes depuis un maximum de 60 mois. Résultats: Ils vivent des sentiments négatifs lors de la transition et reconnaissent que le passage du temps permet une adaptation graduelle à la vie civile. Sept enjeux transitoires ont été identifiés dont les pertes liées au mode de vie militaire, la composante occupationnelle et la santé ainsi que l’accès aux services de santé de la province. Ils ne sont pas préparés adéquatement sur tous les aspects de leur vie lors de leur transition. L’expérience transitoire est différente entre ceux libérés médicalement et ceux libérés volontairement. Discussion: Cette recherche a permis de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du processus transitoire pour les professionnels du réseau québécois de la santé et des services sociaux ainsi que du réseau communautaire.
L'étranger dans la cité
Authors: Montgomery Catherine
Published: February 2018

Les travaux de Georg Simmel et des membres de l’École de Chicago, comme Robert E. Park, Ernest Burgess et Louis Wirth, proposent des balises encore pertinentes aujourd’hui pour comprendre la dynamique des rapports interculturels dans l’espace urbain. Cette note de recherche propose une relecture contemporaine de ces auteurs fondamentaux qui ont participé au développement des champs d’études en urbanité et en immigration. Une étude de cas contemporaine, composée de récits de personnes immigrantes d’origine maghrébine à Montréal, permet de valider et d’actualiser la contribution de ces auteurs dans le domaine des relations interculturelles. Les récits, recueillis dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche mené auprès de familles maghrébines à Montréal, portent un regard sur les hauts et les bas de leur établissement au Québec, mettant de l’avant les rapports de proximité et de distance qui marquent leurs interactions au quotidien dans la cité. Ce regard subjectif, matériel privilégié de l’École de Chicago, nous invite à réfléchir au sens accordé à l’étranger dans la cité aujourd’hui.
Perspectives interculturelles, droits et reconnaissance à Montréal
Authors: Saillant Francine , Lévy Joseph J. , Ramirez-Villagra Alfredo
Published: February 2018

Dans les débats entourant la gestion de la diversité culturelle, de nouvelles perspectives sont actuellement discutées par les instances politiques et socioculturelles, comme celles de l’interculturalisme, de l’interculturel, de l’interculturalité, de la reconnaissance et de leurs arrimages aux droits humains. Ces thèmes se retrouvent dans la réflexion québécoise sur les plans politique, de la gestion urbaine et de la recherche en sciences sociales. Cet article, après avoir situé les perspectives respectives européenne et québécoise sur ces thèmes, analyse les discours de leaders communautaires montréalais impliqués dans le domaine de l’immigration et interviewés dans le cadre du projet InterReconnaissances. Les données montrent que les perspectives interculturelles ne font pas l’objet d’une formalisation ni d’une validation poussées, mais qu’elles se retrouvent surtout associées à des pratiques diverses et à des formations visant à la sensibilisation des intervenants impliqués dans la rencontre interculturelle. Les notions de droit et de reconnaissance se déclinent sur trois plans : la lutte pour la reconnaissance à la fois des groupes immigrants, de leurs cultures et du travail réalisé par les groupes associatifs dans ce domaine. La reconnaissance de la diversité sociale des groupes fortement stigmatisés suggère aussi l’ouverture à de nouvelles problématiques interculturelles jusque-là négligées, confirmant la place importante de ces notions dans le champ de l’action communautaire montréalaise.
Integration of human pancreatic islet genomic data refines regulatory mechanisms at Type 2 Diabetes susceptibility loci
Authors: Thurner Matthias , van de Bunt Martijn , Torres Jason M , Mahajan Anubha , Nylander Vibe , Bennett Amanda J , Gaulton Kyle J , Barrett Amy , Burrows Carla , Bell Christopher G , Lowe Robert , Beck Stephan , Rakyan Vardhman K , Gloyn Anna L , McCarthy Mark I
Published: February 2018

Human genetic studies have emphasised the dominant contribution of pancreatic islet dysfunction to development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, limited annotation of the islet epigenome has constrained efforts to define the molecular mechanisms mediating the, largely regulatory, signals revealed by Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We characterised patterns of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq, n = 17) and DNA methylation (whole-genome bisulphite sequencing, n = 10) in human islets, generating high-resolution chromatin state maps through integration with established ChIP-seq marks. We found enrichment of GWAS signals for T2D and fasting glucose was concentrated in subsets of islet enhancers characterised by open chromatin and hypomethylation, with the former annotation predominant. At several loci (including CDC123, ADCY5, KLHDC5) the combination of fine-mapping genetic data and chromatin state enrichment maps, supplemented by allelic imbalance in chromatin accessibility pinpointed likely causal variants. The combination of increasingly-precise genetic and islet epigenomic information accelerates definition of causal mechanisms implicated in T2D pathogenesis.
Micropattern differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells recapitulates embryo regionalized cell fate patterning
Authors: Morgani Sophie M , Metzger Jakob J , Nichols Jennifer , Siggia Eric D , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Published: February 2018

During gastrulation epiblast cells exit pluripotency as they specify and spatially arrange the three germ layers of the embryo. Similarly, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) undergo spatially organized fate specification on micropatterned surfaces. Since in vivo validation is not possible for the human, we developed a mouse PSC micropattern system and, with direct comparisons to mouse embryos, reveal the robust specification of distinct regional identities. BMP, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF directed mouse epiblast-like cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radially pattern posterior mesoderm fates. Conversely, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF patterned anterior identities, including definitive endoderm. By contrast, epiblast stem cells, a developmentally advanced state, only specified anterior identities, but without patterning. The mouse micropattern system offers a robust scalable method to generate regionalized cell types present in vivo, resolve how signals promote distinct identities and generate patterns, and compare mechanisms operating in vivo and in vitro and across species.
Translational control of ERK signaling through miRNA/4EHP-directed silencing
Authors: Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi , Chapat Clément , Matta-Camacho Edna , Gelbart Idit Anna , Hesketh Geoffrey G , Arguello Meztli , Garzia Aitor , Kim Sung-Hoon , Attig Jan , Shapiro Maayan , Morita Masahiro , Khoutorsky Arkady , Alain Tommy , Gkogkas Christos, G , Stern-Ginossar Noam , Tuschl Thomas , Gingras Anne-Claude , Duchaine Thomas F , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: February 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a broad influence over gene expression by directing effector activities that impinge on translation and stability of mRNAs. We recently discovered that the cap-binding protein 4EHP is a key component of the mammalian miRNA-Induced Silencing Complex (miRISC), which mediates gene silencing. However, little is known about the mRNA repertoire that is controlled by the 4EHP/miRNA mechanism or its biological importance. Here, using ribosome profiling, we identify a subset of mRNAs that are translationally controlled by 4EHP. We show that the Dusp6 mRNA, which encodes an ERK1/2 phosphatase, is translationally repressed by 4EHP and a specific miRNA, miR-145. This promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in augmented cell growth and reduced apoptosis. Our findings thus empirically define the integral role of translational repression in miRNA-induced gene silencing and reveal a critical function for this process in the control of the ERK signaling cascade in mammalian cells.
Onde dói? Um estudo sobre determinantes e problemas osteomusculares nos técnicos administrativos de uma universidade no semiárido
Authors: Oliveira Jarmeson Vidal de , Barreto Francisca Adriana
Published: February 2018

A Universidade, como maior centro de formação de profissionais, deve observar como o ambiente interfere no que os profissionais produzem e são enquanto indivíduos, com ênfase nas suas especificidades ligadas ao processo saúde doença e buscar contorná-las. Essa pesquisa tem caráter exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no Campus Avançado “Professora Maria Elisa de Albuquerque Maia” (CAMEAM) da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), na cidade de Pau dos Ferros/RN, com profissionais técnicos desse ambiente de trabalho, sendo eles: (i) Agentes técnicos administrativos; (ii) Técnicos de nível superior. Para a realização da pesquisa foi utilizado instrumento de coleta com questionamentos relacionados a abordagens sociais, profissionais, ambientais e morbidades presentes. A pesquisa teve como objetivos conhecer se esses profissionais reconhecem os riscos laborais a que estão expostos e identificar doenças decorrentes das suas atividades laborais. Ficou claro que há a presença maciça de riscos no ambiente de trabalho, desde físicos até sociais, muitas vezes alimentados por aspectos relativos ao processo de produtivismo acadêmico, como resultados claros no que diz respeito à intensificação do trabalho e desgaste dos profissionais. Constatou-se que se faz necessária uma discussão acerca dos riscos que envolvem os profissionais do meio acadêmico, bem como a elaboração de políticas que propiciem ações preventivas sobre esses riscos, para que os profissionais possam estar cada vez mais amparados no seu ambiente de trabalho e nas suas práticas.
Índice De Carência E Vulnerabilidade Municipal – ICV-M: Análise Crítica E Metodologica
Authors: Bernett Deborah , Da Rosa Edison
Published: February 2018

Este artigo objetiva descrever a metodologia aplicada para definir o Índice de Carência e Vulnerabilidade Municipal (ICV-M), empregado na análise dos municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. A metodologia proposta faz uso dos indicadores das bases de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e principalmente do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), numa relação direta entre a criação de um índice indexado para análises e a implantação de programas governamentais direcionados para a inclusão social e o desenvolvimento. O estudo é parte de um trabalho de pesquisa e desenvolvimento dedicado à implantação de Centros Vocacionais Tecnológicos (CVT’s) no Estado de Santa Catarina e, portanto, é uma das etapas iniciais da pesquisa. Foram identificados municípios que se encontram em situações preocupantes, nos aspectos sócio econômicos e de inclusão social. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram condições de identificar o mais alto Índice de Carência e Vulnerabilidade Municipal de cada município. A análise do índice apresentou resultados concretos que permitem medir cenários municipais o mais próximo possível da realidade, contribuindo para a implantação de programas específicos de inclusão social e desenvolvimento.
O uso de blogs enquanto espaços colaborativos para a produção e o compartilhamento da informação na área de Secretariado Executivo
Authors: Silva Kaysla Alves e , Saeger Márcia Maria de Medeiros Travassos , Andrade Tabira de Souza , Zampier Maika Buéque
Published: February 2018

A internet se constitui em um ambiente repleto de conteúdos, disseminados a partir de diferentes meios e formatos, destacando-se, dentre eles, os blogs. Estes websites são páginas que permitem a postagem de conteúdos e a interação de seus usuários, podendo funcionar como espaços virtuais para a criação de novos conhecimentos e disseminação da informação. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar em que medida os blogs da área de Secretariado Executivo vêm sendo utilizados como ferramentas colaborativas para a construção de conhecimentos e disseminação da informação. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma investigação exploratória de quatro blogs que versam sobre temas relacionados à área secretarial. Por meio da pesquisa realizada, cujos dados foram analisados a partir de uma abordagem quantiqualitativa, observou-se que os blogs analisados disponibilizam um grande volume de conteúdos relacionados às práticas profissionais de Secretariado Executivo, com dicas, relatos de experiências e assuntos que abordam o cotidiano do Secretário Executivo. Entretanto, apesar de todos funcionarem sob uma perspectiva colaborativa, oferecendo os espaços para a interação entre os seus usuários e possibilitando a construção de conhecimentos, apenas em um destes blogs foi possível identificar a interação entre os seus seguidores. Os resultados permitiram concluir que existe a necessidade de se empregar esforços para que as interações entre os seus usuários, a troca de experiências e o compartilhamento de conteúdos seja fomentado em todos os blogs da área secretarial, potencializando, assim, o aproveitamento destes espaços e das ferramentas que eles oferecem.
Impact of Biomass Burning Plumes on Photolysis Rates and Ozone Formation at the Mount Bachelor Observatory
Authors: Baylon P. , Jaffe D. A. , Hall S. R. , Ullmann K. , Alvarado M. J. , Lefer B. L.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we examine biomass burning (BB) events at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) during the summer of 2015. We explored the photochemical environment in these BB plumes, which remains poorly understood. Because we are interested in understanding the effect of aerosols only (as opposed to the combined effect of aerosols and clouds), we carefully selected three cloud‐free days in August and investigate the photochemistry in these plumes. At local midday (solar zenith angle (SZA) = 35°),j(NO2) values were slightly higher (0.2–1.8%) in the smoky days compared to the smoke‐free day, presumably due to enhanced scattering by the smoke aerosols. At higher SZA (70°), BB aerosols decreasej(NO2) by 14–21%. We also observe a greater decrease in the actinic flux at 310–350 nm, compared to 360–420 nm, presumably due to absorption in the UV by brown carbon. We compare our measurements with results from the Tropospheric Ultraviolet‐Visible v.5.2 model. As expected, we find a good agreement (to within 6%) during cloud‐free conditions. Finally, we use the extended Leighton relationship and a photochemical model (Aerosol Simulation Program v.2.1) to estimate midday HO2and RO2concentrations and ozone production rates (P(O3)) in the fire plumes. We observe that Leighton‐derived HO2and RO2values (49–185 pptv) and instantaneousP(O3) (2.0–3.6 ppbv/h) are higher than the results from the photochemical model.
On the Utility (or Futility) of Using Stable Water Isotopes to Constrain the Bulk Properties of Tropical Convection
Authors: Duan Suqin Q. , Wright Jonathon S. , Romps David M.
Published: February 2018

Atmospheric water‐vapor isotopes have been proposed as a potentially powerful constraint on convection, which plays a critical role in Earth's present and future climate. It is shown here, however, that the mean tropical profile of HDO in the free troposphere does not usefully constrain the mean convective entrainment rate or precipitation efficiency. This is demonstrated using a single‐column analytical model of atmospheric water isotopes. The model has three parameters: the entrainment rate, the precipitation efficiency, and the distance that evaporating condensates fall. At a given relative humidity, the possible range of HDO is small: its range is comparable to both the measurement uncertainty in the mean tropical profile and the structural uncertainty of a single‐column model. Therefore, the mean tropical HDO profile is unlikely to add information about convective processes in a bulk‐plume framework that cannot already be learned from relative humidity alone.
Global Effects of Superparameterization on Hydrothermal Land‐Atmosphere Coupling on Multiple Timescales
Authors: Qin Hongchen , Pritchard Michael S. , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Parishani Hossein
Published: February 2018

Many conventional General Circulation Models (GCMs) in the Global Land‐Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) tend to produce what is now recognized as overly strong land‐atmosphere (L‐A) coupling. We investigate the effects of cloud Superparameterization (SP) on L‐A coupling on timescales beyond diurnal where it has been recently shown to have a favorable muting effect hydrologically. Using the Community Atmosphere Model v3.5 (CAM3.5) and its Superparameterized counterpart SPCAM3.5, we conducted soil moisture interference experiments following the GLACE and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) protocols. The results show that, on weekly‐to‐subseasonal timescales, SP also mutes hydrologic L‐A coupling. This is detectable globally, and happens through the evapotranspiration‐precipitation segment. But on seasonal timescales, SP does not exhibit detectable effects on hydrologic L‐A coupling. Two robust regional effects of SP on thermal L‐A coupling have also been explored. Over the Arabian Peninsula, SP reduces thermal L‐A coupling through a straightforward control by mean rainfall reduction. More counterintuitively, over the Southwestern US and Northern Mexico, SP enhances the thermal L‐A coupling in a way that is independent of rainfall and soil moisture. This signal is associated with a systematic and previously unrecognized effect of SP that produces an amplified Bowen ratio, and is detectable in multiple SP model versions and experiment designs. In addition to amplifying the present‐day Bowen ratio, SP is found to amplify the climate sensitivity of Bowen ratio as well, which likely plays a role in influencing climate change predictions at the L‐A interface.
Assessment of multi‐criteria optimization (MCO) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (HA‐WBRT)
Authors: Zieminski Stephen , Khandekar Melin , Wang Yi
Published: February 2018

This study compared the dosimetric performance of (a) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with standard optimization (STD) and (b) multi‐criteria optimization (MCO) to (c) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with MCO for hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (HA‐WBRT) in RayStation treatment planning system (TPS). Ten HA‐WBRT patients previously treated with MCO‐IMRT or MCO‐VMAT on an Elekta Infinity accelerator with Agility multileaf collimators (5‐mm leaves) were re‐planned for the other two modalities. All patients received 30 Gy in 15 fractions to the planning target volume (PTV), namely, PTV30 expanded with a 2‐mm margin from the whole brain excluding hippocampus with margin. The patients all had metastatic lesions (up to 12) of variable sizes and proximity to the hippocampus, treated with an additional 7.5 Gy from a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to PTV37.5. The IMRT plans used eight to eleven non‐coplanar fields, whereas the VMAT plans used two coplanar full arcs and a vertex half arc. The averaged target coverage, dose to organs‐at‐risk (OARs) and monitor unit provided by the three modalities were compared, and a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed. MCO‐VMAT provided statistically significant reduction of D100 of hippocampus compared to STD‐VMAT, and Dmax of cochleas compared to MCO‐IMRT. With statistical significance, MCO‐VMAT improved V30 of PTV30 by 14.2% and 4.8%, respectively, compared to MCO‐IMRT and STD‐VMAT. It also raised D95 of PTV37.5 by 0.4 Gy compared to both MCO‐IMRT and STD‐VMAT. Improved plan quality parameters such as a decrease in overall plan Dmax and total monitor units (MU) were also observed for MCO‐VMAT. MCO‐VMAT is found to be the optimal modality for HA‐WBRT in terms of PTV coverage, OAR sparing and delivery efficiency, compared to MCO‐IMRT or STD‐VMAT.
Anchoring and Upgrading Ultrafine NiPd on Room‐Temperature‐Synthesized Bifunctional NH2‐N‐rGO toward Low‐Cost and Highly Efficient Catalysts for Selective Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yan Jun‐Min , Li Si‐Jia , Yi Sha‐Sha , Wulan Ba‐Ri , Zheng Wei‐Tao , Jiang Qing
Published: February 2018

Hydrogen is widely considered to be a sustainable and clean energy alternative to the use of fossil fuels in the future. Its high hydrogen content, nontoxicity, and liquid state at room temperature make formic acid a promising hydrogen carrier. Designing highly efficient and low‐cost heterogeneous catalysts is a major challenge for realizing the practical application of formic acid in the fuel‐cell‐based hydrogen economy. Herein, a simple but effective and rapid strategy is proposed, which demonstrates the synthesis of NiPd bimetallic ultrafine particles (UPs) supported on NH2‐functionalized and N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NH2‐N‐rGO) at room temperature. The introduction of the NH2N group to rGO is the key reason for the formation of the ultrafine and well‐dispersed Ni0.4Pd0.6 UPs (1.8 nm) with relatively large surface area and more active sites. Surprisingly, the as‐prepared low‐cost NiPd/NH2‐N‐rGO dsiplays excellent hydrophilicity, 100% H2 selectivity, 100% conversion, and remarkable catalytic activity (up to 954.3 mol H2 (mol catalyst)−1 h−1) for FA decomposition at room temperature even with no additive, which is much higher than that of the best catalysts so far reported.
N‐(Acyloxy)phthalimides as Redox‐Active Esters in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Murarka Sandip
Published: February 2018

Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of novel, efficient and practical protocols for radical‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions involving N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides (NHPI esters) as redox‐active esters. After the initial discovery of the redox‐active properties of NHPI esters, exciting examples of SET‐based cross‐coupling reactions under thermal or photolytic conditions leading to diverse C–X (X=C, B, Si, Se, S) bonds have been published. The operational simplicity and broad applicability exhibited in redox‐active NHPI ester‐based cross‐couplings bode well for their widespread adoption. The review presented herein covers all the recent developments in the field of redox‐active ester (RAE)‐based cross‐couplings since the initial discovery. Depending on the conditions employed the reactions have been categorized into photoinduced and non‐photoinduced cross‐couplings with representative examples and insightful mechanistic discussions.

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Designing Nonpolar Metallic Interfaces using Insulating Transition Metal Olivine Phosphates
Authors: Jena Ajit , Murali Devaraj , Nanda Birabar Ranjit Kumar
Published: February 2018

Through density functional calculations, we have demonstrated that ferromagnetic and metallic (FM‐M) phase can be tailored in superlattices consisting of two dissimilar antiferromagnetic and insulating olivine phosphates LiMPO4 and LiMʹPO4 where M and Mʹ are 3d transition metals. The proposed tailored superlattices are stable and differ from the regular superlattices through broken and missing PO4 tetrahedra. As a result, the p–d covalent bondings become reasonable and transition metal ions are forced to stabilize in fractional charge state instead of the integer‐charge state observed in bulk. These result in partially occupied parabolic dispersive bands to favor the metallic phase and therefore open up the possibilities to go beyond the conventional layered perovskite polar interfaces to create metallic heterostructures out of insulating oxides. Out of all M‐Mʹ combinations, we find that Cr‐Mn, Cr‐Co, Cr‐Ni, Mn‐Co and Mn‐Ni combinations yield the FM‐M phase as ground state in the tailored superlattices.
NIR‐Triggered Crystal Phase Transformation of NiTi‐Layered Double Hydroxides Films for Localized Chemothermal Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Donghui , Ge Naijian , Yang Tingting , Peng Feng , Qiao Yuqin , Li Qianwen , Liu Xuanyong
Published: February 2018

Construction of localized drug‐eluting systems with synergistic chemothermal tumor‐killing abilities is promising for biomedical implants directly contacting with tumor tissues. In this study, an intelligent and biocompatible drug‐loading platform, based on a gold nanorods‐modified butyrate‐inserted NiTi‐layered double hydroxides film (Au@LDH/B), is prepared on the surface of nitinol alloy. The prepared films function as drug‐loading “sponges,” which pump butyrate out under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation and resorb drugs in water when the NIR laser is shut off. The stimuli‐responsive release of butyrate is verified to be related with the NIR‐triggered crystal phase transformation of Au@LDH/B. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the prepared films possess excellent biosafety and high efficiency in synergistic thermochemo tumor therapy, showing a promising application in the construction of localized stimuli‐responsive drug‐delivery systems.
Microfluidic synthesis of elastomeric microparticles: A case study in catalysis of palladium‐mediated cross‐coupling
Authors: Bennett Jeffrey A. , Kristof Andrew J. , Vasudevan Vishal , Genzer Jan , Srogl Jiri , Abolhasani Milad
Published: February 2018

Palladium (Pd)‐loaded poly‐hydromethylsiloxane (PHMS) microparticles of tunable size and elasticity are prepared in a capillary‐based coaxial flow‐focusing microfluidic device constructed using off‐the‐shelf components. Simultaneous droplet formation and chemical cross‐linking processes are performed by tuning the dilution of the cross‐linking catalyst in the annular flow of the microreactor, resulting in PHMS microparticles synthesized in a single step. The size of the elastomeric microparticles can be tuned by adjusting the flow rate ratio of the polymer and cross‐linker mixture to water, while the elasticity can be tuned by the polymer to cross‐linker ratio as well as the flow rate ratio of the polymer mixture to cross‐linking catalyst mixture. Microparticle elasticity is characterized by the degree of solvent uptake. Application of the synthesized PHMS microparticles in organic synthesis is demonstrated by producing monodispersed Pd‐loaded microparticles and utilizing them as microreaction vessels for continuous Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling in a Pd‐loaded microparticle‐packed bed reactor. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3188–3197, 2018
Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, therapy and monitoring
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: February 2018

Disease overview

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an incidence of 1‐2 cases per 100 000 adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults.

Diagnosis

CML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson gene (ABL1) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR‐ABL1 fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a BCR‐ABL1 oncoprotein.

Frontline therapy: Four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for first‐line treatment of patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP). Clinical trials with second generation TKIs reported significantly deeper and faster responses; this has not translated into improved long‐term survival, because of the availability of effective salvage therapies.

Salvage therapy: For patients who fail frontline therapy, second‐line options include second and third generation TKIs. Second and third generation TKIs, although potent and selective, exhibit unique pharmacological profiles and response patterns relative to different patient and disease characteristics, such as patients’ comorbidities, disease stage, and BCR‐ABL1 mutational status. Patients who develop the T315I “gatekeeper” mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs except ponatinib. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for patients with CML‐CP who have failed at least 2 TKIs, and for all patients in CML advanced phases.
Local‐Curvature‐Controlled Non‐Epitaxial Growth of Hierarchical Nanostructures
Authors: Li Chaoran , Zhang Shumin , Zhang Bingchang , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Weihu , Solovev Alexander A. , Tang Rujun , Bao Feng , Yu Jia , Zhang Qiao , Lifshitz Yeshayahu , He Le , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: February 2018

Site‐selective growth on non‐spherical seeds provides an indispensable route to hierarchical complex nanostructures that are interesting for diverse applications. However, this has only been achieved through epitaxial growth, which is restricted to crystalline materials with similar crystal structures and physicochemical properties. A non‐epitaxial growth strategy is reported for hierarchical nanostructures, where site‐selective growth is controlled by the curvature of non‐spherical seeds. This strategy is effective for site‐selective growth of silica nanorods from non‐spherical seeds of different shapes and materials, such as α‐Fe2O3, NaYF4, and ZnO. This growth strategy is not limited by the stringent requirements of epitaxy and is thus a versatile general method suitable for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures with controlled morphologies and compositions to open up a verity of applications in self‐assembly, nanorobotics, catalysis, electronics, and biotechnology.
GMA‐based emulsion‐templated solid foams: Influence of co‐crosslinker on morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Rezanavaz Roya , Fee Conan J. , Dimartino Simone
Published: February 2018

Highly open porous polymer foams formed from high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) are attracting significant interest because of their potential applications in many areas of advanced materials science. In this work, the influence of the crosslinker or co‐crosslinkers of different molecular weights on the morphology and mechanical properties of polyHIPEs containing glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was studied. Several poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) crosslinkers were considered. The results show that introducing higher molecular weight crosslinkers into polyHIPEs produces a more open structure, with significantly increased compression strength and deformation at breakage. This eliminated the undesirable brittleness and chalkiness commonly found in polyHIPE materials. The Young's modulus of GMA‐based polyHIPEs containing 40% poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate increased by 50% and the crush strength by 400% when compared with traditional GMA/ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate polyHIPEs. This improvement in mechanical properties is expected to improve the suitability of polyHIPEs for use in a wide range of applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46295.