bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival of COVID-19 Patients Who Received Antiviral and Antiviral Therapy Combined with Anti-inflammation Therapy in a National Referral Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Afriani Afriani , Ermayanti Sabrina , Medison Irvan , Russilawati Russilawati , Anggrainy Fenty , Sabri Yessy Susanty , Nindrea Ricvan Dana
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 has infected and spread over the whole earth. For the time being, there is no cure for COVID 19. Although several medications have the potential to be utilized at various stages of the disease, no therapy has yet been demonstrated to be completely successful.
Aim: This study aims to determine survival of COVID-19 patients who received antiviral and antiviral therapy combined with anti-inflammation therapy in a national referral hospital Indonesia.
Methods: COVID-19 patients treated at Dr. M Djamil General Hospital in Padang, Indonesia were the subject of an analytic investigation using a retrospective cohort design. From January to June 2021, data was gathered from patient medical records. Independent sample T test and Chi-square test were used to analyze subject characteristics data. The median survival and survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. It is also subjected to cox-regression analysis in order to answer the study hypothesis.
Results: The mean age of the subjects who received antiviral and anti-inflammatory medication was 60.95 12.11 years, while the average age of those who received antiviral therapy was 56.72 17.80 years, with the highest sex being male in both groups (59.3 percent ; 50.6 percent ). Antiviral and antiviral medication, as well as anti-inflammatory therapy, had no effect on the length of stay of COVID-19 patients (p>0.05). Antiviral and antiviral therapy, as well as anti-inflammatory therapy, play a role in the outcome of COVID-19 patients (p<0.05), with patients receiving antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy being a preventive factor in the final outcome of patients compared to patients receiving antiviral therapy HR = 0.69 (95% CI 0.48-0.99).
Conclusion: When compared to patients who just got antiviral medication, patients who received antiviral plus anti-inflammatory therapy had a better outcome.
The Significance of Height on Median and Ulnar Nerves Conduction Parameters in Male Subjects
Authors: Jassim Nawrass , Abdulateef Hayder , Noel Khalida I.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Many physiological factors including body temperature, age, height, and gender of the subject affect the nerve conduction parameters (both sensory and motor nerves), so attention should be played for these factors during the evaluation of the nerve function to avoid the false results and later on the false diagnosis of the disease.

AIM: The aim of the study was to observe the power of height on median and ulnar nerves conduction parameters (both motor and sensory fibers) in male subjects.

METHODS: Seventy healthy males aging 18–60 years were incorporated in the study, for them, motor and sensory nerve conduction study of both ulnar nerve and median nerve was done using NIHON KHODEN machine.

RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between height and the latency of ulnar sensory nerve (r = 0.29, p = 0.01, and odd’s ratio was 1.6). At the same time, there was significant negative power of height on median and ulnar sensory amplitude (r = −0.32, p = 0.007 and r = −0.28, p = 0.018, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The consequence of height on median and ulnar nerve conduction parameters (motor and sensory) is crucial for interpretation the data and later on the diagnosis of the diseases.
L’agriculture dans la crise de 1929
Authors: Béaur Gérard
Published: February 2022

La crise de 1929 fut aussi une crise agricole. Son ampleur n’a pas été ignorée par les historiens, mais son lien avec la dépression qui accabla tous les secteurs économiques reste problématique. Faut-il la considérer comme un phénomène marginal, autonome, qui n’aurait fait qu’accompagner la crise ou bien penser qu’elle a exercé un effet décisif dans l’émergence de la Grande Dépression des années 1930 ? Le débat n’a pas été esquivé, surtout dans la littérature anglophone, mais il est resté pendant. Il est revenu sur le devant de la scène avec la récente intrusion de J. Stiglitz qui, dans un parallèle hardi avec la crise de 2008, a attribué la responsabilité de la crise de 1929 à l’agriculture. L’ambition de ce texte n’est nullement de clore ce chapitre, mais de tirer le fil de cette histoire et de remettre les déboires des exploitants agricoles au cœur d’une question fort complexe. Il s’agit d’exploiter les riches statistiques américaines et de les confronter à celles qui émanent des archives britanniques, françaises et italiennes, pour analyser les mécanismes par lesquels le profond malaise des agriculteurs dans les années qui précèdent 1929 a pu dégénérer en crise générale ou par lesquels il a pu amplifier cette dernière au cours des années 1930.
Enracinement, sociabilités et identité paysanne à l’épreuve de l’industrialisation (Ivry, XIX e siècle)
Authors: Boudjaaba Fabrice
Published: February 2022

Cet article se propose d’examiner la manière dont des populations rurales, considérées comme enracinées, appréhendent la transformation de leur village en une banlieue industrielle au cours du XIX e  siècle ; il s’appuie sur le cas de la commune d’Ivry au sud de Paris, de la fin du XVIII e  siècle aux années 1860. Après avoir fait le constat du faible intérêt de l’histoire sociale des banlieues pour les populations qui occupaient ces espaces ruraux avant leur transformation en villes industrielles, l’article définit la notion d’enracinement et la méthode pour en mesurer la réalité ; l’article examine ensuite les relations sociales des habitants les plus enracinés dans ces espaces à l’aune des pratiques de sociabilité et des formes d’investissement dans la vie collective de la commune. La recherche s’appuie sur deux indicateurs principaux : le choix des témoins de mariage d’une part, l’insertion des habitants dans les associations locales (confréries) d’autre part. Il met en évidence l’existence de stratégies de l’entre-soi chez les individus issus des « vieilles familles » paysannes, qui continuent de structurer la vie sociale au sein de ce territoire en mutation, bien au-delà du moment où Ivry acquiert le statut de ville.
Réflexions sur l’hospitalisation
Authors: Godart Pierre
Published: February 2022

L’auteur fait un constat très critique du soin psychiatrique tel qu’il se pratique trop souvent en particulier dans le cadre de l’hôpital. La relation et la rencontre comme fondements du soin semblent oubliées dans un modèle biologique (la maladie mentale serait une maladie comme une autre) qui limite le champ de vision des acteurs. Les gestionnaires et comptables recherchent des réponses dans les procédures et les rationalisations qui contrarient l’humanité que les soignants doivent aux malades hospitalisés. Une formation plus transversale de tous les acteurs à une psychiatrie humaniste et communautaire serait certainement un préalable pour pouvoir accompagner au mieux le rétablissement des personnes hospitalisées. Ce travail de reconstruction ne pourra se faire qu’en lien avec les usagers et leurs associations.
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2020-2021
Authors: Tittlemier S.A. , Cramer B. , Dall’Asta C. , DeRosa M.C. , Lattanzio V.M.T. , Malone R. , Maragos C. , Stranska M. , Sumarah M.W.
Published: February 2022

This review summarises developments published in the period from mid-2020 to mid-2021 on the analysis of a number of diverse matrices for mycotoxins. Notable developments in all aspects of mycotoxin analysis, from sampling and quality assurance/quality control of analytical results, to the various detection and quantitation technologies ranging from single mycotoxin biosensors to comprehensive instrumental methods are presented and discussed. The summary and discussion of this past year’s developments in detection and quantitation technology covers chromatography with targeted or non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, detection other than mass spectrometry, biosensors, as well as assays using alternatives to antibodies. This critical review aims to briefly present the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination, as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
Foreword
Authors: Berthiller Franz
Published: February 2022

First and foremost, let me wish you a healthy, lucky and prosperous 2022! Let us hope that this year brings a change for the better, as more than five million human lives were lost due to COVID-19 already (Adam, 2022). While the pandemic continues to affect our daily life more than we would have ever thought, research must continue and maybe it is more important than ever. So even during difficult times, some great scientific achievements were made, and that includes mycotoxins.
The Role of National Paid Family and Medical Leave Policies in Promoting Health Equity for Older Adults and Their Caregivers
Authors: Estrada Leah V. , Jason Resendez; , Perez G. Adriana
Published: February 2022

More than 48 million unpaid family/friend caregivers in the United States provide care to older adults. This unpaid workforce provides essential support for family members or friends who have a serious, long-term illness or disability. However, family caregivers are often under supported, which contributes to negative health, economic, and psychological consequences. Despite the significant contributions of family caregivers, there are limited policy supports aimed at alleviating the hardships of care on this growing community. National paid family and medical leave policy in particular holds substantial potential to alleviate the compounding burdens faced by family caregivers and address systemic inequities that contribute to disproportionately poorer caregiving outcomes among historically marginalized older adults and their caregivers. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of the economic burdens and caregiving-related health disparities experienced by Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx family caregivers and discuss the impact of paid leave policies on the overall health and well-being of older adults. We propose a “Call to Action” for gerontological nurses to work in partnership with transdisciplinary colleagues, stakeholders, and advocates to ensure all family care-givers have access to paid leave. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(3), 5–10.]
Motivational Interviewing, Readiness for Change, Walking, and Functional Ability in Older Adults
Authors: Lamoureux Erin T. , Jacelon Cynthia
Published: February 2022

Regular exercise in older adults can slow the physical, psychological, and functional decline that is associated with aging. Understanding what may contribute to the initiation and adherence of exercise within the older adult population might help identify interventions that would successfully increase physical activity. The purpose of the current study was to determine if motivational interviewing would increase readiness for change, daily steps, and functional ability among older adult participants. The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) and pedometers were used to assess functional ability and daily steps within two groups of older adults. All participants who completed the 8-week study, on average, demonstrated an increase in daily steps as well as overall fitness. Posttest analyses revealed that the outcome for the intervention group did not exceed the control group, with the exception of the 8-foot up-and-go test, a test within the SFT that measures agility and dynamic balance (
p
= 0.035). One-on-one, individualized socialization sessions may have contributed to the overall improvement noted in both groups. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(3), 23–29.]
Person-Centered Care Considerations for End-of-Life Care to Persons With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness
Authors: Riley Kiernan , Hupcey Judith
Published: February 2022

Various factors impact end-of-life (EOL) for older adults. This period is more complex for older adults with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). The current article aims to explore a non-exhaustive list of person-level and environmental factors that may impact EOL for older adults with SPMI. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(3), 11–16.]
Shock polars for non-polytropic compressible potential flow
Authors: Elling Volker W.
Published: February 2022

We consider compressible potential flow for general equations of state. Assuming hyperbolicity and convex equation of state, we prove that shock polars have a unique critical point (in each half), as well as a unique sonic point, with critical and strong shocks always on the subsonic side. We also show existence of normal and oblique shocks, as well as monotonicity of density, enthalpy, pressure along each half-polar, with Mach number monotone only along the subsonic part.
Global behavior for the classical solution of compressible viscous micropolar fluid with cylinder symmetry
Authors: Huang Lan , Sun Zhiying , Yang Xin-Guang , Miranville Alain
Published: February 2022

This paper is concerned with the global solutions of the 3D compressible micropolar fluid model in the domain to a subset of \begin{document}$ R^3 $\end{document} bounded with two coaxial cylinders that present the solid thermo-insulated walls, which is in a thermodynamical sense perfect and polytropic. Compared with the classical Navier-Stokes equations, the angular velocity \begin{document}$ w $\end{document} in this model brings benefit that is the damping term -\begin{document}$ uw $\end{document} can provide extra regularity of \begin{document}$ w $\end{document}. At the same time, the term \begin{document}$ uw^2 $\end{document} is bad, it increases the nonlinearity of our system. Moreover, the regularity and exponential stability in \begin{document}$ H^4 $\end{document} also are proved.
Determination of the initial density in nonlocal diffusion from final time measurements
Authors: Hrizi Mourad , BenSalah Mohamed , Hassine Maatoug
Published: February 2022

This paper is concerned with an inverse problem related to a fractional parabolic equation. We aim to reconstruct an unknown initial condition from noise measurement of the final time solution. It is a typical nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem related to a nonlocal operator. The considered problem is motivated by a probabilistic framework when the initial condition represents the initial probability distribution of the position of a particle. We show the identifiability of this inverse problem by proving the existence of its unique solution with respect to the final observed data. The inverse problem is formulated as a regularized optimization one minimizing a least-squares type cost functional. In this work, we have discussed some theoretical and practical issues related to the considered problem. The existence, uniqueness, and stability of the optimization problem solution have been proved. The conjugate gradient method combined with Morozov's discrepancy principle are exploited for building an iterative reconstruction process. Some numerical examples are carried out showing the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Jean-Joseph Surin et le Royaume intérieur. La construction d’un groupement volontaire spirituel
Authors: Houdard Sophie
Published: February 2022

Au xviie siècle, la mystique connaît son apogée au moment de sa condamnation par l’institution. Pour des raisons théologiques et sociales, la mystique doit trouver, avant son refoulement à la fin du siècle, des solutions avec le catholicisme. Cette situation, qui génère des formes de protestation radicale ou de compromis, pèsera lourd sur l’organisation en réseaux de ceux et celles qu’on dit « mystiques ». En suivant le cas paradigmatique du jésuite Jean-Joseph Surin, et en s’appuyant sur le vocabulaire de la sociologie religieuse, on verra comment se construit un « groupe volontaire spirituel » dont la protestation reste prise dans les limites de l’obéissance.
Tallemant des Réaux et ses amis dans le Manuscrit 19142. Le groupe par la mise en recueil
Authors: Schapira Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Cet article part de la fabrication, par une opération d’histoire littéraire, d’un cénacle de littérateurs du xviie siècle, dans lequel se serait épanoui La Fontaine. Il propose une contextualisation différente du recueil manuscrit de vers qui a suscité cette opération, et plaide, en s’appuyant sur l’analyse précise de ce manuscrit, pour une conception différente des rapports entre écriture et société que celle qui fonde d’ordinaire la description des groupes par l’histoire littéraire. L’article décrit la mise en scène d’un collectif par le recueil manuscrit. Il permet aux littérateurs qui y apparaissent de régler leurs rapports à un certain nombre d’espace sociaux (le monde des avocats et des magistrats, la fonction de chanoine) qui y sont engagés. On saisit par là un usage social et même politique du phénomène littéraire entre la création de l’Académie française et la période qui suit la Fronde.
Biens précieux et actions épistolaires. L’économie du savoir dans la République des Lettres au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Vignaud Laurent-Henri
Published: February 2022

En octobre 1626, l’érudit toulousain et juriste Guillaume Catel meurt avant d’avoir pu achever son Histoire du Languedoc et laisse à ses héritiers une vaste bibliothèque à se partager. Aussitôt que Peiresc, l’un de ses correspondants et fameux érudit méridional comme lui, apprend la mort de Catel, il entreprend des démarches auprès de ces héritiers pour obtenir un précieux manuscrit de Pline réputé avoir été annoté par l’humaniste Guillaume Pellicier. Si les annotations étaient bien de Pellicier, il fallait que la République des Lettres puisse en profiter ; mais les héritiers traînèrent des pieds autant que possible pour ne pas laisser échapper leur trésor. À partir de cette simple anecdote d’héritage compliqué, l’article examine les stratégies en usage dans la République des Lettres qui règlent les échanges de « biens précieux » (manuscrits rares, livres annotés, objets curieux, etc.). Il entend montrer notamment que ces échanges ne sont pas aussi gratuits et désintéressés qu’on a pu le dire. Il montre également les difficultés pour les familles de robins en pleine ascension sociale à s’accommoder de la vocation savante de certains de leurs rejetons. La transmission des biens intellectuels s'y révèle comme plus périlleuse encore que celle des biens « classiques » (terres, maisons, charges, etc.). Dans un univers social où la « carrière » des lettres n’est pas encore synonyme de statut, des négociations serrées, avec soi-même comme avec les autres, sont menées via l’acte épistolaire qui n’en est pas seulement la trace mais l’instrument civil par excellence.
Le « groupe des conteuses » de la fin du XVIIe siècle : une construction ? Le cas de Marie-Jeanne L’Héritier de Villandon
Authors: Roussel Elise
Published: February 2022

Comment naît un « groupe » dans l’histoire littéraire ? En s’intéressant à l’apparition du « groupe des conteuses » à travers l’étude du cas de Marie-Jeanne L’Héritier de Villandon, cet article se penche sur la question de la constitution du « groupe » comme construction de la critique littéraire postérieure au temps de l’écriture, ou comme pratique d’écriture de l’autrice. Processus d’invisibilisation ou stratégie d’écriture collective, le groupe se donne à voir de deux manières. Il s’étudie dans une version « inclusive » – L’Héritier étant insérée dans un ensemble, celui des conteuses par les critiques littéraires comme celui des femmes qu’elle lie autour d’elle – ou dans une version « exclusive », comme l’est le groupe familial des Perrault, dont elle est proche par ses liens maternels mais sans partager pour autant sa reconnaissance littéraire. Le groupe apparaît ainsi comme outil de rassemblement collectif et d’individualisation.
Écriture du groupe et institution. Retour sur l’Académie politique de Torcy
Authors: Deloye Juliette
Published: February 2022

Comme l’histoire littéraire, l’histoire politique et administrative utilise des groupes dans les récits qu’elle propose. L’académie politique (1712-1719), établissement de formation des diplomates fondé sous la direction du secrétaire d’État aux Affaires étrangères Torcy à la fin du règne de Louis XIV, est ainsi considérée, depuis les travaux de Guy Thuillier en particulier, comme « la première école d’administration ». Malgré l’échec de cette académie, elle constitue une étape obligée des ouvrages d’histoire de la diplomatie comme de l’histoire de l’administration louis-quatorzienne. Cette prégnance historiographique contraste avec les sources qui permettent de documenter l’académie, constituées presque exclusivement de projets. Ils sont étudiés ici dans leur contexte précis de production et de circulation, en particulier dans les relations sociales au sein desquelles ils sont pris. Ces opérations de contextualisation déplacent le regard du groupe institué vers l’écriture du groupe, afin d’en révéler les usages par les acteurs et d’élaborer une réflexion sur la manière dont l’académie a été, depuis le xviiie siècle, naturalisée. Cet article montre que la littérarisation de l’académie a joué un rôle important dans son institution, à la fois parce que l’écriture du groupe relevait de la construction d’une position pour les hommes de lettres qui ont écrit les projets, et parce qu’un périodique anglais, le Spectator, a figé et publié son nom pour dénoncer l’entreprise dans un article parodique dès 1712. L’académie politique, qui n’est pas un groupe identifié par l’histoire littéraire, entretient donc néanmoins un rapport avec l’écrit et avec le fait social de la littérature.
Usages et désignation du groupe chez les nouvellistes du temps de Louis XIV
Authors: Martignon Maxime
Published: February 2022

Fondé sur l’étude d'un groupe de « nouvellistes » de l’époque de Louis XIV, cet article vise à comprendre dans quelle situation certains acteurs historiques se sont définis comme groupe. Ces acteurs politiques secondaires se trouvaient, par leurs correspondances, à la tête de réseaux d’informateurs qui leur transmettaient des nouvelles politiques, littéraires ou militaires. Ils se définissaient comme groupe dans des situations bien précises : lorsque l'un d'eux avait des responsabilités diplomatiques, qu’un autre avait rompu la confiance et qu'il fallait exclure un membre. Tous participaient à la fabrique de l'actualité autour de la Gazette et des nouvelles-à-la-main.
The Relationship Between Collaborative Innovation Risk and Performance of Industrial Parks
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Sun Yuchun , Li Guoqiang
Published: February 2022

From the perspective of collaborative innovation risk, the relationship between different risks and IP is explored based on the BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) model. Then, the SE (Synergy Effect) and the DC (Dynamic Capability) are introduced as intermediary and moderating variables. Following specific enterprise data input, the relationship between collaborative innovation risk and IP is analyzed based on deep learning and its endogenous mechanism. Conclusion: the analysis model of enterprise IP based on deep learning BPNN can well process enterprise data; different types of collaborative innovation risks in industrial parks have significantly negative effects on IP; the negative effect of organizational collaborative risk on IP is −0.268; apart from market risk factors, the other collaborative innovation methods further hinder the improvement of IP by inhibiting SE; apart from the risk of benefit distribution, the other collaborative innovation risks and IP are negatively regulated by DC, and the regulation effect on the risk of innovative factor input is the largest.
Test of a New Water-Based Lubricant in Turning of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Rahn Felipe , Gilbin Alexandre , Fontaine Michaël , Roizard Xavier , Melot Jean Marie , Lallemand Fabrice
Published: February 2022

In recent years, hybrid manufacturing combining additive and subtractive processes is gaining increasingly importance in the industry. One of the issues related to this association of processes concerns the use of cutting fluids, important to optimize the machining part, but that can strongly affect the additive part by generating pores in the laser metal deposition. The present work deals with the performance of a new ecological cutting fluid that dries just as water, eliminating the need for a cleaning step between the machining and the laser metal deposition. This lubricant is an emulsion mainly composed of water and alkylphosphonic acids known to allow creating a low-friction tribofilm on metals. This study is carried out by comparing the machining performance of this new cutting fluid with two more classical lubricants, a straight oil and a soluble oil. It was found that machining forces and surface roughness were not very affected by the change of the lubrication mode, while the tool wear showed a significant difference between the dry and the lubricated cases. Considering that the performance of all the cutting fluids was very close, it was concluded that the new lubricant has a great potential for machining applications, since it is ecologically more friendly, non-harmful to the operator and does not need a degreasing step.
Functionalization and Characterization of Iron Oxide with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Ovicides Oxidation Method in Aedes aegypti Eggs
Authors: Al Salih Moatasem , Samsudin Syakirah , Abed Riyad E.
Published: February 2022

Background of the study, we studied the possibility of nano-crystalline Fe3O4/MWCNTs) modify bandgap by doping with the iron oxide with carbon nanotube aqueous, colloidal, production using photo catalyze as ovicides biosynthesis for the first time against hatching eggs of Aedes agypti. Various concentrations of iron oxide Fe3O4/CNTs) Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) crystal (100, 200, 300, 400 μg mL−1) and aqueous solutions (50, 100, 150, 200 μg mL−1) rate (2:1), were evaluated, and in all the concentrations, Fe3O4/CNTs) crystal showed significant ovicides properties against Aedes aegypti eggs by mortality rate 95-99%.Functionalization NP (CNT decorated with iron oxide/CNTs) Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersion enhancement in processing or bioactivities changes and anti-microbial. The employment of ultrasonic methods with strong oxidizing acid combinations to modify MWNTs has been employed repeatedly to functionalize CNTs. An ultrasonic bath at 250°C for 30 minutes is used to process the functionalized MWCNTs. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used to determine the results (SEM). As well as Raman spectra and FTIR spectrum.
Tribological and Thermal Behavior of Laser Implanted Tool Surfaces for Hot Stamping AlSi Coated 22MnB5 Sheets
Authors: Schirdewahn Stephan , Spranger Felix , Hilgenberg Kai , Merklein Marion
Published: February 2022

In the automotive industry, the development of electrically powered vehicles has become a major forward-looking topic. For improving the range and thus the efficiency of electric cars, lightweight construction has gained even more importance. In this regard, hot stamping has been established as a suitable and resource efficient process to manufacture high-strength and lightweight body-in-white components. This method combines hot forming and quenching of boron-manganese steel 22MnB5 in a single process step. As a result, complex structures with thin sheet thicknesses and high ultimate tensile strength up to 1500 MPa are generated. However, the use of lubricants is not possible at elevated temperatures, which subsequently leads to high thermo-mechanical tool stresses. As a side effect, high friction and severe wear occur during the forming process, which affect the resulting part quality and maximum tool life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the tribological performance of hot stamping tools by using a laser implantation process. This technique is based on manufacturing highly wear resistant, separated and elevated structures in micrometer range by embedding hard ceramic particles into the tool material via pulsed laser radiation. As a result, highly stressed areas on the tool surface can be modified locally, which in turn influence the tribological and thermal behavior during the forming process. In this regard, laser implanted and conventionally tool surfaces were investigated under hot stamping conditions. A modified pin-on-disk test was used to analyze the friction coefficient and occuring wear mechanisms. Furthermore, quenching tests as well as hardness measurements were carried out to gain in-depth knowledge about the cooling behavior of the modified tool surfaces and its impact to the resulting mechanical part properties.
Fiber Optics for Sensing Applications in a Review
Authors: Tariq Sara M. , Fakhri Makram A. , Hashim Uda
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces a review of the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the fabrication of optical fiber biosensors based on localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) and Evanescent field absorption. The AuNPs have special properties, such as high surface/volume ratio, and intense light scattering/absorption, and stable structure. The main advantage of AuNPs in the application of the biosensor in the detection signal increasing, for especially low concentration analyses. Moreover, we illustrate some of the previous works in this field in the period from 2001-2021, which used optical fiber and AuNPs as a base in the development of various biosensors and all exhibited differently limits of detection, sensitivity, and good performances to its target detection.
Tribological Considerations when Modelling Tool Wear in Turning of 15-5PH Stainless Steel
Authors: Methon Gregory , Courbon Cédric , M'Saoubi Rachid , Girinon Mathieu , Rech Joel
Published: February 2022

The present work proposes to emphasize the effects of friction and wear formulations for wear prediction for turning operations. It is shown that friction models play a major role on local variables such as pressure, sliding speed and temperature (σn, Vsl, T) and thus on the simulated tool wear. This work highlights that both formulations and parameters of these equations should be carefully considered to achieve an actual predictive capability.
Challenges in Tribometry for Warm and Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Strength Aluminum with Tool Lubrication
Authors: Schell Lukas , Groche Peter
Published: February 2022

For conventional sheet metal forming at room temperature, numerous tribometers were developed in the 20th century. At the present state of the art, unsolved issues for tribometry remain for temperature-supported forming processes of high strength aluminum (e.g. EN AW-7075), in which the sheet is heated to temperatures between 200 and 480 °C. The tribological design of these processes remains a major challenge, which needs to be addressed by investigations with adapted tribometers. In this study, a recently adapted strip drawing test for aluminum warm and hot forming is presented – including a newly developed strip heating unit, a die lubrication system and a die tempering system for efficient tribological testing. The contribution is completed with both, experimental results and a numerical investigation of temperature gradients in the strip drawing test. Finally, it is discussed whether transient process conditions of non-isothermal forming processes with die lubrication should be considered in tribometers for warm and hot sheet metal forming.
Tribological Characteristics of Dual-Pressure Tube Hydroforming
Authors: Ngaile Gracious , Avila Mauricio
Published: February 2022

Dual-pressure tube hydroforming (THF) is a tube hydroforming process variant whereby deformation of the tubular specimen is achieved by exerting fluid pressure on both the inside and outside surfaces of the tube. Dual-pressure THF experiments are conducted to study tribological conditions when producing pear-shaped and triangular parts. The pressure-loading paths are designed to exert pressure in oscillatory pattern: I.e., the pressure on the inside was alternated with pressure on the outside causing the tube to expand and contract/buckle as deformation progressed. During tube contraction, the metal-to-metal contact area is substantially reduced. This leads to reduction in friction stress at the tube-die interface, thus increasing formability. Comparing the geometries of the formed parts produced by dual-pressure THF and conventional THF reveals that the former results in a substantial increase in the protrusion height of a pear-shaped specimen.
The Effect of Laser Focus Shift on the Morphology of Melt Pool and Microstructure in Selective Laser Melting AlSi10Mg
Authors: Wang Ting Ting , Hu Zhi Heng , Liu Shi Wen , Zhu Hai Hong
Published: February 2022

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) enables to fabricate complex freeform geometries parts from computer models. In this paper, the effect of laser focus shift on the morphology, surface quality, grain size and texture of the SLMed AlSi10Mg was studied. Deep melt pool was found in 0 mm laser focus shift, while shallow and wide melt pool were found in-1.5 mm and +1.5 mm laser focus shift. The proportion of high angle grain boundaries in 0mm laser focus shift sample is the biggest han that in-1.5mm and +1.5mm. Height has a maximum value of 338 μm in +1.5 mm laser focus shift. The maximum Arithmetic average height is 33.5 μm in +1.5 mm laser focus shift. When the laser focus shift is 0 mm, the average grain diameter has a minimum grain diameter of 4.9 μm. {001}<100> cubic texture was found in sample fabricated by +1.5 mm laser focus shift rather than 0 mm and-1.5 mm laser focus shift.
Application of Modified CNFs in High Energy Nitramine Gun Propellant
Authors: Wang Ru Tie , Wang Ying Bo , Zhao Liang You , He Wei Dong
Published: February 2022

Modified nanocellulose fibers (MCNFs) were added to the high energy nitroamine gun propellant to explore its influence on the mechanical and energy properties of the gun propellant. In this paper, nanocellulose fibers (CNFs) and MCNFs with a content of 1% were added in the high energy nitroamine gun propellant formula. The mechanical properties, fracture surface structure and energy performance are characterized by the impact strength test equipment, universal material experiment machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and closed vessel test. The results show that in terms of low-temperature tensile properties, low-temperature compression properties, and low-temperature impact resistance, the MCNFs-containing propellant samples increased by 2.97%, 1.94%, and 20.4%, respectively, compared with the CNFs-containing propellant samples. The difference in energy properties between the two is not significant. Compared with CNFs, MCNFs can better combine with nitrocellulose matrix in microstructure.
Investigation on the Influence of the Tribological System on Cold Forging and Ejection of Hollow Components with Helical Internal Geometry
Authors: Deliktas Tahsin , Liewald Mathias , Missal Nadezda , Venzlaff Hendrik
Published: February 2022

This paper describes the tribological investigation of the cold forming and ejection process during ironing of hollow components with helical internal geometry. The experimental tests on a test tool are intended to evaluate the tribological system by varying the surface pretreatment of the blanks and the lubricant. For the evaluation of the tribological effects the ironing and ejection force are measured. In addition, the die filling as well as the surface quality of the pressed parts are determined, allowing the correlation of the test results with the tribological conditions. Furthermore, a numerical investigation of the process was performed. The numerical results are presented and compared with the experimental results.
Physical and Mechanical Characterization Study of Thin Nitriding Layers Produced by Plasma on Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Benarioua Younès
Published: February 2022

The present study has been conducted in order to obtain iron nitrides layer on AISI4140 steel by using plasma nitriding treatment. As one of several parameters of this process, the nitrogen rate ranging from 10 to 70% with a step of 20% was chosen. The structure, the morphology, the thickness and the hardness of iron nitrides layer were investigated. As a result, the improvement of surface hardness of nitrided steel was identified related with the increase of compound layer thickness due to the increase of activation rate. The steel substrate treated at high activation rate presents hardness 3 times higher than that of untreated steel.
European legislation and live bivalve molluscs: Are the criteria for microbiological safety matching with the criteria for sanitary classification of harvesting areas?
Authors: Ciccarelli Cesare , Leinoudi Melina , Semeraro Angela Marisa , Di Trani Vittoria , Ciccarelli Elena , Consorti Gaia
Published: February 2022

The European Union (EU) established the criteria for the classification of shellfish harvesting areas, based on the results of monitoring E. coli in shellfish. The EU also defined E. coli as a microbiological criterion for end product safety, based on a three-class sampling plan. Both criteria are based on the MPN method, a test with a statistical approach and in which different factors contribute to the variability of the outcomes. This theoretical study, based on combinatorics and Bayes’ theorem for conditional probability, investigates the consistency between these two criteria and aims to determine the probability of obtaining false compliant and non-compliant results when applying the safety criterion test to shellfish placed on the market. The results show that in the second case, the probability of non-compliant outcomes does not appear negligible within a range between 10% and 50% in the different hypothesized scenarios, with a probability of false noncompliant outcomes over 10%. In addition, the Bayes’ Theorem shows that Class A, or Class B areas (as allowed), could be the origin of non-compliant shellfish, with a not negligible frequency. Therefore, within the limits of the assumed working hypotheses, the safety criterion for E. coli, as described in Regulation EC/2073/2005, does not appear to be consistent and coordinated with the classification criteria stated in the Regulation EU/2019/627 and it is not closely related to the sanitary status of shellfish harvesting area.
Evaluation of aerosol box use for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation in patients with COVID-19: A short-term randomised study
Authors: Sertcakacilar Gokhan , Bayrak Sunkar Kaya , Pektas Yaser , Bostanci Ipek , Yildiz Gunes Ozlem , Sabaz Mehmet Suleyman
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care workers are at a high risk of infection from aerosols. In this study, we compared the ease of using the aerosol box (AB) with the traditional method during internal jugular vein cannulation attempts (IJVCA).

Methods:

The study included 40 patients with COVID-19 who required central venous catheterisation during treatment in the ward. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the two protective equipment (PPE) groups and then randomly assigned to one of the five anaesthesiologists with at least 5 years of experience. Group P and A had both PPE and AB used, whereas Group P included patients where PPE was used alone. The physicians completed a survey after performing the procedure to evaluate the use of the AB.

Results:

The preparation for the procedure and procedure durations were observed to be statistically longer in Group P and A (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). The first attempt in Group P and A was unsuccessful in six patients, whereas the first attempt in Group P was unsuccessful in only two patients (P = 0.235). Anaesthesiologists described difficulty with manipulation during the procedure, discomfort using the box, and resulting cognitive load increase in Group P and A.

Conclusion:

The IJVCA procedures were faster and easier and had greater satisfaction for physicians when the AB was not used. Also, the high complication rate, including carotid artery punctures and disruption of sterility and PPE, albeit not statistically significant, has clinical implications. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of ABs for IJVCA.
Effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch pre-administration for reduction of pain on propofol injection: A placebo-controlled randomised study
Authors: Misra Satyajeet , Behera Bikram K. , Sahoo Alok K.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

Colloids modify the vascular endothelium and prevent contact activation of various substances. Pre-administration of colloids may prevent contact activation of vascular endothelium by propofol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 pre-administration on propofol injection pain.

Methods:

Adult patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients, 18-65 years old, of either gender and undergoing elective surgery were randomised into two groups. 100 mL bolus of HES or 0.9% normal saline (NS) was administered over three to five minutes through an 18 G cannula placed in the hand or forearm vein, followed by induction with 1% propofol premixed with 2% lidocaine. Pain during propofol injection was assessed every 10 seconds before the loss of verbal contact as 0- no pain; 1- mild pain evident only on questioning after 10 seconds without any obvious discomfort; 2-moderate pain self-reported by patients within 10 seconds with some discomfort; and 3- severe pain accompanied by withdrawing of hand, and behavioural signs.

Results:

126 patients completed the study. Overall incidence of pain was significantly higher in the NS group vs HES group (53% vs 28%; P = 0.004; relative risk 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.09). Incidence of severe (8% vs 0%) and moderate pain (16% vs 5%) was higher in the NS group, while the incidence of mild pain was comparable (29% vs 23%; NS vs HES). A significant difference was seen in the severity of pain between the groups (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Pre-administration of 100 mL bolus of 6% HES 130/0.4 significantly reduced propofol injection pain.
Targeted Medication Review of Falls-Risk Medications in Older Patients: A Community Pharmacy-Based Approach
Authors: Foster Amanda A. , Lindenau Ryan , Clark Collin M. , Wahler Robert G.
Published: February 2022

Objective To assess a community pharmacist-provided targeted medication review (TMR) intervention to reduce the number of falls risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) prescribed to older patients in a community pharmacy setting. Design A single-site, prospective,
interventional pilot study with a historical control group. Setting A single independent community pharmacy in rural Western New York. Participants A convenience sample of subjects was recruited for the intervention group based on the following inclusion
criteria: 65 years of age or older, at least one prescription filled at the pharmacy within the past 90 days from date of enrollment in study, enrolled in a local Medicare plan, and prescription for at least one prespecified FRID filled at the pharmacy within 90 days before date of enrollment
in study. A control group was collected that had different Medicare Part D plans than the intervention group but otherwise met inclusion criteria and ensured that between all of the control-group patients we included at least one patient prescribed each of the FRID classes that were found
in the intervention group. Thirty-six subjects completed the study intervention, and 63 controls were collected. This offset in numbers between groups resulted from intervention subjects taking multiple FRIDs and the control needing to take the same class of FRID, thus one intervention subject
may have required multiple control subjects to parallel each FRID class. Intervention The intervention involved the community pharmacist assessing the patient’s fall risk, then educating the patient on the risks of the FRID he or she was prescribed, and recommending
to either replace or discontinue the FRID. The outcomes assessment occurred three months later, with the pharmacist repeating the falls-risk assessment and following up regarding the patient’s agreed-upon action plan. Results The intervention group had 52 FRIDs identified
while the control group had 89. The discontinuation rate of FRIDs at three months was significantly higher in the intervention group (7.7% versus 0%; P = 0.0172). Conclusion This study demonstrated that a community pharmacist TMR intervention can reduce the use of
FRIDs.
Impact of Function-Focused Care on Psychotropic Medications and Opioid Use Among Assisted Living Residents
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie
Published: February 2022

Objective To test the impact of the Function Focused Care Intervention on use of psychotropic medications and opioids over a 12-month period in assisted living residents. Setting The study included 794 residents from 85 general assisted living communities
in the United States. The general assisted living communities that had at least 25 beds and 10 residents per community were enrolled. Results There was no significant difference in the treatment groups regarding medication use except for a decrease in opioid use at 4 months
(P = 0.03). In the full sample there was a significant increase in use of benzodiazepines from baseline to 12 months (P = 0.04) and an increase in the use of antipsychotics between 4 and 12 months (P = 0.04). Conclusion Function-focused care does not
increase the need for psychotropic medications or opioids and may help decrease the need for opioids. Further, we recommend the involvement of a pharmacy consultant to provide oversight and medication reviews for all residents in assisted living to consider deprescribing, if possible, for
potentially unnecessary use of psychotropic medications or opioids.
Isosceles tetrahedrons with integer edges and volume in the $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}$ grid
Authors: Brawer Robert
Published: February 2022

By adding parallelogram identities, we prove an equation on the edge lengths of a tetrahedron and the diagonal lengths of its medial octahedron. By this and with the help of Euler bricks we find in the grid

\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}

a family of isosceles tetrahedrons with integer edge length and integer volume.