bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NESB and ESB students' attitudes and perceptions of plagiarism
Authors: Marshall Stephen , Garry Maryanne
Published: July 2020

Concern about plagiarism by students from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESB) has grown apace with the increased numbers of international students attending western institutions. We present an exploration of student attitudes, perceptions and understandings of intellectual property, particularly plagiarism and copyright, and explore potential differences between NESB and ESB (English speaking background) students. The results indicate that while NESB students are more likely have engaged in plagiarism than ESB students, plagiarism overall is very common and reflects a combination of disrespect for material from the Internet and significant confusion about what actually constitutes plagiarism.
The Validity of Student Evaluations of Teaching
Authors: Slade Peter , McConville Christopher
Published: July 2020

This article considers the validity and usefulness of student evaluations of teaching (SET) at a small Australian university. Face and content validity were considered and a factor analysis was performed to evaluate the overall validity of a survey instrument which purports to give useable results in respect to teaching methods and approaches. It was found that the survey instrument was flawed in that the ten compulsory questions of which it is constituted, all collapsed into one dimension. This dimension was determined to be the extent of popularity of the lecturer for whom the survey was conducted. In essence, the survey is not an evaluation of teaching, but rather students' opinions of the lecturer concerned. It was concluded that the SET survey serves no educational purpose and is a violation of academic freedom and lecturers’ rights.
An exploration of the role of Canadian academic libraries in promoting academic integrity
Authors: Kloda Lorie , Nicholson Karen
Published: July 2020

The incidence of student plagiarism at Canadian universities and colleges is cause for concern. As a result, Canadian universities are increasingly using text-matching software such as Turnitin to address the problem of cut-and-paste plagiarism. An exploratory survey was conducted at Canadian research-intensive universities subscribing to Turnitin to examine the role of librarians in educating students and faculty about academic integrity. Results indicate that librarians at these institutions are actively involved in promoting academic integrity and deterring plagiarism. At most institutions surveyed, discussions of academic integrity and the ethical use of information are included in library workshops and library instructional materials. These results, while preliminary, are an important first step to encourage libraries to consider their role within universities for promoting academic integrity.

This is a revised version of a paper presented at LILAC 2005: Librarians Information Literacy Annual Conference, Imperial College, London, April 4-6, 2005.
Determining the opinions of health sciences students and faculty regarding academic integrity
Authors: Randall Ken , Bender Denise G , Montgomery Diane M
Published: July 2020

This study used Q method to understand the opinions of students and faculty in health sciences programs in physical therapy and occupational therapy regarding what they consider to be key aspects of academic integrity, viewing it from the perspectives of the individual, the academic program, practitioners, and society. Thirty-eight students and faculty sorted statements on academic integrity to represent their reactions to the condition of instruction, "What are your thoughts about values in your academic program?" Data were analysed by correlating the sorts and using factor analysis and rotation to produce two factors, each with distinct views of academic integrity. 'Collective Integrity' reflects a more society-oriented view and 'Personal Integrity' shows a more internally-driven view. Demographic information revealed that more students, women, and those less than thirty years of age define the Collective Integrity factor, which is substantiated through theoretical interpretation using Gilligan's feminist theory of development. Demographics of academic role, age, and gender were not as strongly linked to the Personal Integrity factor. The implications of this study include the need for academic institutions to develop or continue with established policies that promote academic integrity, and for further research on this subject, as well as that of academic dishonesty.
When students reference plagiarised material – what can we learn (and what can we do) about their understanding of attribution?
Authors: Chanock Kate
Published: July 2020

Although some students probably intend to plagiarise, others do it unintentionally; yet, as McGowan observes,"unwitting plagiarism" has been "largely neglected in the literature" (2005). In this article, I discuss some practices of attribution that students bring from school to university, and focus on one kind of 'unwitting plagiarism' that puzzles lecturers and student learning advisers alike – that is, when students provide a reference for 'clearly' plagiarised material. Drawing on Bakhtin, I suggest reasons why this practice makes sense to the students who do it. Then, drawing on Rose (1996) and East (2006), I look at the kind of teaching that would be necessary to mediate the gap between students' and lecturers' understandings of the purposes of attribution in scholarly writing.
Faculty ethics logic of a religiously affiliated university
Authors: Hanson William R
Published: July 2020

This work responds to calls for ethics reform in higher education by exploring faculty realities of ethics logic within a small, religiously affiliated university. Research questions sought to discover what ethics entities existed, how they were related to each other, and how faculty members operationalised them. Using grounded theory methods and graph theory based analysis, the resulting Faculty Ethics Logic Model operationalised participant realities of the primary forces that drive teaching or resolving ethics issues at this particular university. That is, when emerging needs arose, faculty members derived response strategies primarily from knowledge, resources/artefacts, goals and beliefs; set within a framework of teaching or resolving ethics related issues, their resulting course of action was shaped by work-related contexts of group influence and collective norms. While the model did not exclude formal institutional influence, it highlighted the importance of informal elements within faculty realities (such as professional experience and desire for continued learning). Research implications pose the possiblitiy of using model construction to facilitate collective ethics logic understanding, or serve as a vehicle for discussing reform strategies. Triangulation of methods for data collection, analysis, and findings provide research trustworthiness.

This paper is based on an earlier version presented at The Center for Academic Integrity 2009 Annual International Conference.
A case study: Do discipline-based programmes improve student learning outcomes?
Authors: Kennelly Robert , Maldoni Anna , Davies Doug
Published: July 2020

This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge that supports a disciplinebased approach to academic and language development. To address the academic literacy needs of both international English as an Additional Language (EAL) and domestic students, universities are moving from generic to embedded models of teaching. This project was motivated by the realisation that students had unmet needs in terms of the academic competence required for successful tertiary study. This demonstrates a lack of educational integrity on behalf of the universities to ensure that students gain sufficient academic and language skills for success in firstyear university study. This paper reports on the use of a teaching and learning model which demonstrates the effectiveness of embedding the development of academic and language skills within a particular discipline for EAL students and others. The unique contribution of this paper is that it uses a team-taught approach across two disciplines. It shows that discipline management specialists working in conjunction with English language specialists provide a reconsideration of teaching and learning strategies and modes of assessment that lead to better outcomes for both students and staff. Success of the programme was indicated by student assessment, attendance data, student evaluations, and reflection of peer teaching practices. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for the inclusion of embedded programmes in first-year university study using a diagnostic tool to determine specific student needs. Longitudinal studies need to be undertaken to ascertain specifically whether the benefits of discipline-based programmes are sustained in the longer term and additionally why many â€œat riskâ€ students do not participate in the programme.
The customer isn't always right: Limitations of 'customer service' approaches to education or why Higher Ed is not Burger King
Authors: Wueste Daniel E , Fishman Teddi
Published: July 2020

The increasingly popular trend of conceptualising education in terms of 'customer service' is, in some ways, attractive. It encourages educators to think in terms of meeting students' needs and to develop innovative ways to deliver their "product." In other ways, however, it fails to convey the essential collaborative, participatory, reciprocal relationship that is central to effective teaching and learning. With respect to academic integrity, the customer service model also obscures students' roles and responsibilities. In this paper, we identify some of the ways this model provides an inappropriate metaphor for understanding the project of teaching and learning (i.e., education) and argue that, when embraced uncritically, the model has the potential both to undermine education and at the same time derail efforts to develop and sustain a culture of integrity. After identifying this model's shortcomings, we suggest ways to develop and promote a more robust model in which faculty and students work together toward a shared purpose while recognising and embracing their interlocking responsibilities.

This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Educational Integrity: Creating an Inclusive Approach, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2009.
Weeds in the flower garden: An exploration of plagiarism in graduate students' research proposals and its connection to enculturation, ESL, and contextual factors
Authors: Gilmore Joanna , Strickland Denise , Timmerman Briana , Maher Michelle , Feldon David
Published: July 2020

Existing literature provides insight into the nature and extent of plagiarism amongst undergraduate students (e.g., Ellery, 2008; Parameswaran & Devi, 2006; Selwyn, 2008). Plagiarism amongst graduate students is relatively unstudied, however, and the existing data are largely based on self-reports. This study investigated the rates and potential causes of plagiarism amongst graduate students in master's and doctoral programmes in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and science or mathematics education by examining actual research proposals written by graduate students. Results indicate that plagiarism is a prevalent issue at each of the three university sites sampled and across all of the investigated disciplines. Fine grained analyses suggest that this plagiarism may be largely unintentional and due to a lack of disciplinary enculturation. Specifically, participants that plagiarised had approximately one less semester of research experience than graduate students who did not plagiarise. Furthermore, participants who lacked primary literature in their research proposals were significantly more likely to plagiarise and often used inappropriate citation styles. Follow-up correspondence with participants indicates that participants plagiarised, in part, because they lacked an awareness of the role of primary literature in the research process. This suggests that explicit training in the role and use of primary literature may provide an opportunity for programmes or mentors to accelerate the development of graduate students' research skills. This study also revealed that plagiarism was more common amongst English as a Second Language (ESL) participants. Potential causes of plagiarism and solutions to address plagiarism among the ESL population will be discussed.

This paper is based on an earlier version presented at The Center for Academic Integrity 2009 Annual International Conference.
Academic motivation and misconduct in two cultures: A comparative analysis of US and Ukrainian undergraduates
Authors: Stephens Jason M , Romakin Volodymyr , Yukhymenko Mariya
Published: July 2020

The present study explored differences between United States (US) and Ukrainian undergraduates (N=378) in terms of their academic motivation and its relation to their beliefs and behaviours related to academic misconduct. Specifically, this study investigated differences between US and Ukrainian students' task value, goal orientations, moral beliefs about cheating and engagement in cheating behaviour. Results revealed several significant differences between US and Ukrainian students. While similar in their level of academic task value and mastery goal orientation, Ukrainian students had reported being less performance goal oriented than their US counterparts. Ukrainian students also reported lower judgments about the wrongness of cheating and higher levels of engagement in cheating behaviour than US students. Finally, regression analyses revealed a significant culture x task value interaction on both cheating beliefs and behaviours: among Ukrainian undergraduates, increases in task value both strengthen beliefs about the wrongness of cheating and reduce engagement in it. These results and their theoretical and educational significance are

discussed.
Implications for academic integrity of using web 2.0 for teaching, learning and assessment in higher education
Authors: Waycott Jenny , Gray Kathleen , Clerehan Rosemary , Hamilton Margaret , Richardson Joan , Sheard Judithe , Thompson Celia
Published: July 2020

Student web 2.0 authoring in higher education involves a number of challenges and opportunities for assessment and academic integrity. In this article we describe an Australian project that is investigating how lecturers are using web 2.0 activities in university assessment tasks. In the first stage of the project we documented current web 2.0 assessment practices by conducting a survey and interviews with lecturers who teach in different discipline areas across Australia. Initial findings from this stage of the project are presented here, with a focus on using examples from the interviews to illustrate the opportunities and challenges that web 2.0 affordances introduce for learning, teaching, and assessment in higher education. Student authoring in web 2.0 environments can be quite different from traditional academic writing tasks. Using web 2.0 technologies, students can publish their work to an open audience, use different communication styles and texts, draw on their unique personal identity and experiences, co-create content with other students, and manage their content outside the confines of the university. Each of these affordances provides opportunities for enhancing students' learning in higher education, while simultaneously imposing new ways of thinking about scholarly writing and assessment that can be challenging for both students and staff.
Teaching digital natives: Partnering for real learning
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: July 2020

Prensky introduced us to the "digital natives" in 2001, claiming that the generation of students born in the 1980s and the 1990s are so steeped in the use of digital technologies that they think, act and are motivated differently to older generations. Digital natives have been also described as "millenials" (Howe and Strauss, 2003) and members of the "net-generation"(Tapscott, 1998). These labels, along with their technological determinism, have polarised debates in education about adapting teaching approaches to different learning styles and 'new' media technologies. Those critical of Prensky highlight his "weak empirical and theoretical foundations" (Bennett, Maton & Kervin, 2008, p.777) and similar charges might be laid against his latest book, Teaching digital natives: Partnering for real learning (2010). However, I find that Prensky writes with a practical and experiential integrity that grounds his latest pedagogical offering.

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A survey of Samford University students regarding plagiarism and academic misconduct
Authors: Schrimsher Professor Robert H , Northrup Lori A , Alverson Susan P
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to obtain students' attitudes and opinions at Samford University regarding plagiarism and academic misconduct by means of an internetbased survey system composed of yes/no questions and Likert-type rating scales. Data from 681 of approximately 4,500 Samford University students (15% return rate) were analysed. Research indicates that plagiarism and other incidents of academic misconduct are on the rise for a variety of reasons. Students seemingly have the notion that internet information is public knowledge and is thus free from intellectual property rights; therefore, they do not seem to think internet information needs to be cited for academic purposes. The vast majority of Samford students agreed that if one submits a paper written by someone else, this would constitute plagiarism; and that it was unacceptable to copy/paste information from the internet without proper citations. Slightly less than a majority of students disagreed that cheating was widespread at Samford; and a majority indicated that faculty should clarify their expectations regarding academic integrity. The results are somewhat similar to other plagiarism and academic misconduct studies.
International postgraduate students' experiences of plagiarism education in the UK: Student, tutor and expert perspectives
Authors: Davis Mary
Published: July 2020

The role of plagiarism education is being increasingly highlighted as a key area of learning good academic practice, but to date, few case studies have focused on international1 postgraduate students' experiences of plagiarism education. Therefore, this study examines the experiences of eight Asian and North African international students at the end of Master's degrees at a UK university. In addition, interviews with their postgraduate tutors were made in order to gather further insights. The students and tutors reported different understandings of the university's plagiarism definition and problems with the availability of plagiarism education. Students reported that support was limited and they had many concerns about plagiarism; tutors reported that they lacked time or thought instruction should be provided elsewhere. At the same time, the tutors recognised that they required students to use sources at a high level. Interviews were also made with a number of global plagiarism education experts, who called for a greater focus on learning rather than just following regulations, less outsourcing of the problem, and more awareness about the tendency to connect international students with plagiarism. The study emphasises the need for more attention to plagiarism definitions and to international students' experiences of plagiarism education through continuous pedagogical support during their study.
Why students plagiarise from the internet: The views and practices in three Norwegian upper secondary classrooms
Authors: Skaar Håvard , Hammer Hugo
Published: July 2020

In a two-part mixed methods study, internet-based plagiarism amongst Norwegian upper secondary students was measured and related to performance level and knowledge of source use. Subsequently, interviews were conducted to explore these students' views on internet access and plagiarism during essay writing. The quantitative part of the study showed that 75% of the 67 students in the study plagiarised from the online sources and that plagiarism accounted for 25% of the total amount of text. Students with a higher grade in written Norwegian plagiarised less than those with a lower grade. Further, students more familiar with the correct use of sources did not plagiarise as much as students with less awareness. In the qualitative part of the study, individual interviews with 29 of the students indicated that the students wanted to spend as little time and effort as possible on the task and a great majority of the students wanted internet access whether they judged this an obstacle to their learning or not. They also preferred to have free access to internet content regardless of its relevance to the essay, and plagiarism was chosen as a writing strategy regardless of whether or not it was acknowledged to be a moral problem. More proficient writers explained their use of the internet in a more sophisticated way than less proficient writers. With these findings in mind, the different potential consequences of internet access for proficient and less proficient writers are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for further research are put forward.
An investigation into plagiarism motivations and prevention techniques: Can they be appropriately aligned?
Authors: Awdry Rebecca , Sarre Rick
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the emergence and expansion of the phenomenon of plagiarism in higher education. Through a mixed-method investigation, and by applying appropriate criminological theory, it explores the student motivations that have been identified as leading to plagiarism, and tests the means employed by higher education providers to combat it. The article highlights an apparent disconnect between the perceived realities of both student and education provider. It concludes that this disconnect must be carefully considered so that higher education providers can develop effective policies to prevent academic misconduct rather than exacerbate it.
Medical Student Training in eHealth: Scoping Review
Authors: Echelard Jean-François , Méthot François , Nguyen Hue-Anh , Pomey Marie-Pascale
Published: July 2020

Background

eHealth is the use of information and communication technologies to enable and improve health and health care services. It is crucial that medical students receive adequate training in eHealth as they will work in clinical environments that are increasingly being enabled by technology. This trend is especially accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic as it complicates traditional face-to-face medical consultations and highlights the need for innovative approaches in health care.

Objective

This review aims to evaluate the extent and nature of the existing literature on medical student training in eHealth. In detail, it aims to examine what this education consists of, the barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for improving the medical curriculum. This review focuses primarily on some key technologies such as mobile health (mHealth), the internet of things (IoT), telehealth, and artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods

Searches were performed on 4 databases, and articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Studies had to be related to the training of medical students in eHealth. The eligibility criteria were studies published since 2014, from a peer-reviewed journal, and written in either English or French. A grid was used to extract and chart data.

Results

The search resulted in 25 articles. The most studied aspect was mHealth. eHealth as a broad concept, the IoT, AI, and programming were least covered. A total of 52% (13/25) of all studies contained an intervention, mostly regarding mHealth, electronic health records, web-based medical resources, and programming. The findings included various barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for improving the medical curriculum.

Conclusions

Trends have emerged regarding the suboptimal present state of eHealth training and barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for optimal training. We recommend that additional studies be conducted on the following themes: barriers, enhancing factors, propositions for optimal training, competencies that medical students should acquire, learning outcomes from eHealth training, and patient care outcomes from this training. Additional studies should be conducted on eHealth and each of its aspects, especially on the IoT, AI, programming, and eHealth as a broad concept. Training in eHealth is critical to medical practice in clinical environments that are increasingly being enabled by technology. The need for innovative approaches in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic further highlights the relevance of this training.
The Generalizability of a Medication Administration Discrepancy Detection System: Quantitative Comparative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kirkendall Eric , Huth Hannah , Rauenbuehler Benjamin , Moses Adam , Melton Kristin , Ni Yizhao
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

As a result of the overwhelming proportion of medication errors occurring each year, there has been an increased focus on developing medication error prevention strategies. Recent advances in electronic health record (EHR) technologies allow institutions the opportunity to identify medication administration error events in real time through computerized algorithms. MED.Safe, a software package comprising medication discrepancy detection algorithms, was developed to meet this need by performing an automated comparison of medication orders to medication administration records (MARs). In order to demonstrate generalizability in other care settings, software such as this must be tested and validated in settings distinct from the development site.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to determine the portability and generalizability of the MED.Safe software at a second site by assessing the performance and fit of the algorithms through comparison of discrepancy rates and other metrics across institutions.

METHODS

The MED.Safe software package was executed on medication use data from the implementation site to generate prescribing ratios and discrepancy rates. A retrospective analysis of medication prescribing and documentation patterns was then performed on the results and compared to those from the development site to determine the algorithmic performance and fit. Variance in performance from the development site was further explored and characterized.

RESULTS

Compared to the development site, the implementation site had lower audit/order ratios and higher MAR/(order + audit) ratios. The discrepancy rates on the implementation site were consistently higher than those from the development site. Three drivers for the higher discrepancy rates were alternative clinical workflow using orders with dosing ranges; a data extract, transfer, and load issue causing modified order data to overwrite original order values in the EHRs; and delayed EHR documentation of verbal orders. Opportunities for improvement were identified and applied using a software update, which decreased false-positive discrepancies and improved overall fit.

CONCLUSIONS

The execution of MED.Safe at a second site was feasible and effective in the detection of medication administration discrepancies. A comparison of medication ordering, administration, and discrepancy rates identified areas where MED.Safe could be improved through customization. One modification of MED.Safe through deployment of a software update improved the overall algorithmic fit at the implementation site. More flexible customizations to accommodate different clinical practice patterns could improve MED.Safe’s fit at new sites.
Empatia, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em Profissionais de Saúde Brasileiros
Authors: Sampaio Leonardo Rodrigues , Oliveira Letícia Coelho de , Pires Michelle França Dourado Neto
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo investigou as relações entre empatia, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em profissionais de saúde brasileiros. Duzentos participantes (87% mulheres), com idades entre 22 e 67 anos (M = 35,1; DP = 9,7) responderam o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal (Davis, 1983), o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse (Lipp, 2000), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. Foram observadas correlações positivas entre depressão, ansiedade e estresse, assim como entre ansiedade, depressão, angústia pessoal e fantasia. A análise de regressão indicou que aspectos cognitivos da empatia podem prever sintomas de depressão. De forma geral, os resultados sugerem que a empatia pode estar associada à Saúde Mental dos profissionais de saúde. Discute-se a necessidade de estar atento a essa relação específica, considerando sua importância para a prática profissional desses trabalhadores, assim como para pesquisas na área de Psicologia da Saúde e outras afins.
Empirical Comparison of Tests for One-Factor ANOVA Under Heterogeneity and Non-Normality: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Nguyen Diep , Kim Eunsook , Wang Yan , Pham Thanh Vinh , Chen Yi-Hsin , Kromrey Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2020

Although the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F test is one of the most popular statistical tools to compare group means, it is sensitive to violations of the homogeneity of variance (HOV) assumption. This simulation study examines the performance of thirteen tests in one-factor ANOVA models in terms of their Type I error rate and statistical power under numerous (82,080) conditions. The results show that when HOV was satisfied, the ANOVA F or the Brown-Forsythe test outperformed the other methods in terms of both Type I error control and statistical power even under non-normality. When HOV was violated, the Structured Means Modeling (SMM) with Bartlett or SMM with Maximum Likelihood was strongly recommended for the omnibus test of group mean equality.
Regression: Determining Which of p Independent Variables Has the Largest or Smallest Correlation with the Dependent Variable, Plus Results on Ordering the Correlations Winsorized
Authors: Wilcox Rand
Published: July 2020

In a regression context, consider p independent variables and a single dependent variable. The paper addresses two goals. The first is to determine the extent it is reasonable to make a decision about whether the largest estimate of the Winsorized correlations corresponds to the independent variable that has the largest population Winsorized correlation. The second is to determine the extent it is reasonable to decide that the order of the estimates of the Winsorized correlations correctly reflects the true ordering. Both goals are addressed by testing relevant hypotheses. Results in Wilcox (in press) suggest using a multiple comparisons procedure designed specifically for the situations just described, but execution time can be quite high. A modified method for dealing with this issue is proposed.
Identifying Which of J Independent Binomial Distributions Has the Largest Probability of Success
Authors: Wilcox Rand
Published: July 2020

Let p1,…, pJ denote the probability of a success for J independent random variables having a binomial distribution and let p(1) ≤ … ≤ p(J) denote these probabilities written in ascending order. The goal is to make a decision about which group has the largest probability of a success, p(J). Let p̂1,…, p̂J denote estimates of p1,…,pJ, respectively. The strategy is to test J − 1 hypotheses comparing the group with the largest estimate to each of the J − 1 remaining groups. For each of these J − 1 hypotheses that are rejected, decide that the group corresponding to the largest estimate has the larger probability of success. This approach has a power advantage over simply performing all pairwise comparisons. However, the more obvious methods for controlling the probability of one more Type I errors perform poorly for the situation at hand. A method for dealing with this is described and illustrated.
Apoptotic Effects of Prunus persica (L) Batsch Leaves against Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231) and Cervical Cancer Cell Line (HeLa) In Vitro
Authors: Bhat Firdous Ahmad , Shafi Sabeeha , Hilal Nazia , Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Rafiqee Aneequa
Published: July 2020

Background: Apoptosis is a normal physiological phenomenon that plays a pivotal role during embryonic development, retention of tissue homeostasis and pathology. The experimental investigation of apoptotic processes is still challenging and routinely based on the assessment of molecular events like chromatin fragmentation and caspase enzyme activity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the apoptosis inducing effect of the Methanol, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Prunus persica leaves.

Methods: Different extracts were obtained by cold extraction process using Methanol, water and Chloroform as solvents. Crude extracts were screened for different phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, tannins, sugars, saponins, and glycosides etc. The apoptotic effect of Prunus persica leaves was examined by DAPI staining assay against MDA-MB-231 (Human breast cancer cell line) and HeLa (Human cervical cancer cell line).

Results: The results of the studies revealed that the Chloroform extract have tremendous apoptotic activity on MDA-MB-231 cells and methanolic extract have good apoptotic activity on HeLa cells. Nuclear morphological changes assessed by DAPI shows changes in morphology, apoptotic body formation, cell shrinkage, nuclei that were broken into discrete fragments and cell budding that resulted  in cells of various sizes.

Conclusion: The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, Saponins, steroids and flavonoids. The Chloroform extract has shown more effectiveness and less toxicity against MDA-MB-231 and Methanol extract was more apoptotic against HeLa in comparison to others. The present findings clearly indicated that Prunus persica leaves showed dose dependant cytotoxicity.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Reducing Power and Anti-Hemolytic Capacity of Algerian Drimia maritima Baker Flower Extracts
Authors: Rezzagui Abir , Senator Abderrahmane , Benbrinis Soumia , Bouriche Hamama
Published: July 2020

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties of Algerian Drimia maritima Baker flower extracts. Determination of phenolic content was carried out to estimate the chemical composition of D. maritima extracts. Antioxidant properties were investigated in all extracts using free radical scavenging activity (against DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion), reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and anti-hemolytic capacity. Phenolic determination revealed that D. maritima flowers contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest reducing power and scavenging activity using DPPH and ABTS assays. However, aqueous extract was the most effective against hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and lipid peroxidation. The half-time of hemolysis indicates that chloroform extract exhibited the best anti-hemolytic capacity in the AAPH induced hemolysis model. The results of this study suggest that D. maritima could be used as a possible source of antioxidant phenolic compounds and that further determination of these compounds may provide more information on their medicinal value. 

Keywords: Drimia maritima, phenolic compounds, scavenging activity, reducing power, anti-hemolytic.
Ethnobotanical Study, Anatomical Study and Phytochemical Screening of Aristolochia longa L.
Authors: Merouani N. , Boukhebti H. , Belhattab R.
Published: July 2020

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is used in Algerian traditional medicine. The ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Setif (East Algeria) has as an objective of evaluating the potential of the region of Aristolochia longa L. used in the treatment of different diseases. A questionnaire was used which consisted of the diseases treated by this plant, the part of the plant used in the treatment and how to use this plant. The survey targeted 100 people from the local population. We also evaluated the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (43%), diabetes (17%), and treatment of wounds in cattle (12%), and intestinal and stomach diseases (9 and 7%), the most used part is tubers by 70%.Crushed tubers are commonly mixed with honey(44%), milk(24%), water (8%). Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and Alkaloids. In addition, there is very little information concerning the anatomical and morphological structure of this species of Setif region (Algeria), a preliminary study on anatomy of this plant is therefore reported in this paper. These preliminary results could be used to justify the traditional use of this plant and their bioactive substances could be exploited for therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, and may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer.

Keywords: Aristolochia longa L., ethnobotany Setif(Algeria), anatomical study of plant, phytochemical screening.
Is there an association between Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies and the Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis Parameters in Algerian Patients?
Authors: OUALI Siheme , ZEMRI Khalida , SELLAM Ferial , HARIR Noria , BENIASSA Zahira , HEBRI Sid Tadj , BENSABER Ouassini , ELMEHADJI Douniazad , NADJI Zouaoui , KAROUBI Karima
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationships between anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies status and clinical characteristics, disease severity, radiological damages and laboratory assessment in Algerian patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, as well as their importance like a predictive factor for the diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: 281 patients diagnosed with RA according to ACR 1987 criteria in the  internal medicine and Functional Rehabilitation departments (the University Hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes) were enrolled in the study based on medical records including age, gender, disease duration, disease activity score (DAS28), joint damages, laboratory tests and treatment. All data were processed and analyzed via SPSS 22.0.

Results: 86.5% of patients were females with a mean age and disease duration of respectively 52.665±12.3477, 4.19±4.050.  Patients with Anti-CCP positive (79.7%) presented a high disease activity (p<0.0001), a long disease duration (p=0.016) and a erosion damages (p<0.0001). we did not found any significant relation between gender, hands damages and CRP..A logistic regression showed that the presence of Anti-CCP was associated with Erosion, disease activity, age and RF presence.

Conclusion: There was a strong relation between Anti-CCP antibodies status and the development of RA in Algerian patients. It could be considered as a useful predictor of disease severity.
Formulation and Physical Characterization of Bio-Degradable Chitosan-Poloxamer Gel Base for Local Drug Delivery
Authors: Dahake Prasanna T. , Baliga Sudhindra M , Punse Triveni , Biyani Dinesh M , Raut Neha , Umekar Milind J
Published: July 2020

Objective: Thermo-modulated in-situ hydrogel (TSHG) are formulated routinely utilizing poloxamer for extended drug release. However physical properties of such formulations may have some flaws, which can be rectified using a combination of polymers with better physical properties such as chitosan. The purpose of the present study was to fabricate biodegradable chitosan-poloxamer-based in-situ drug delivery systems and assessment of their physical properties.

Methods: The present chitosan-poloxamer gel base was formulated using a two-stage method. Initially, chitosan gel was prepared by dissolving 1% w/w chitosan in glacial acetic acid. The poloxamer gel was prepared using “cold method”. The final chitosan-poloxamer gel base was prepared by mixing equal amounts of both solutions and evaluated for physical and mechanical properties.

Result and Discussion: The DSC thermogram demonstrated no obvious interactions among ingredients or micellization temperature. The gelation temperature of the gel was between 27 and 330C. The pH was 7 with slight clarity. The viscosity of the gel ranged from 15.14 to 41.19 pa.s. The gel was syringable between 4-300C and biodegradable under physiological conditions. The mean particle size of the gel under SEM was found in the range of 300-554 nm.

Conclusion: After the evaluation of the formulation, it can be concluded that all the ingredients in the gel showed good compatibility with each other, which could form a stable and homogeneous gel with favorable mechanical and physical properties.

Keywords: chitosan, drug delivery system, hydrogels, poloxamer
SOSIALISASI QANUN JINAYAT ACEH NO. 6 TAHUN 2014 PADA MADRASAH ALIYAH BLANGKEJEREN KABUPATEN GAYO LUES
Authors: Misran - -
Published: July 2020

There are two questions in the study under study, namely: First, what is the knowledge and understanding of students in Gayo Lues District Madrasah Ali about the implementation of the Jinayat Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014? Secondly, What is the knowledge and role of the Gayo Lues District Madrasah Aliyah religious teacher in disseminating to students about the enactment of the 2014 Jinayat Aceh Qanun? This study uses a normative juridical and sociological juridical approach. The normative juridical approach is done by first examining the Aceh regulation or qanun that is relevant to the problem under study. In other words the normative approach is to examine library materials or secondary data which includes primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that Gayo Lues State students in general knew about the implementation of Islamic Shari'a in Aceh, but the majority of them did not know and understand about the material regulated in Aceh No. 3 Qanun. 6 of 2014. Especially they do not know and understand about the terms contained in the Aceh jinayat qanun. Among the terms referred to in the Jinayat Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 are Jarimah / Jinayat, Uqubat, Hudud, Ta'zir, Khamar, Maisir, Khalwat, Ikhtilath, Adultery, Sexual Harassment, Rape, Qadzaf, Liwath, Business. Students only know the term zina, sexual harassment, rape. While the Fiqh teacher knows and understands the qanun, but does not have the authority to socialize it, because the subjects in this madrasa refer to the 2017 revised 2017 curriculum, so the syllabus and lesson plans have been determined by the government based on the curriculum.Keywords: Socialization, Qanun Jinayat Aceh, Madrasas, Gayo Lues
PRAKTEK RE-UPLOAD VIDEO OLEH YOUTUBER DAN KEABSAHAN PEMBAYARANNYA
Authors: Rahman Fazlul
Published: July 2020

Youtube is a video sharing website created by three former Paypal employees in February 2005, this site allows users to upload, watch and share videos. The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML5 technology to display a variety of user-made video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos. In addition there are also amateur content such as video blogs, short original videos and educational videos. Currently YouTube has provided two types of licenses on its site, namely Copyright frequency (cannot be re-uploaded by other parties) and Creative Commons BY Protection (CC BY) (may be re-uploaded by other parties). Even so it is not a problem without problems, the problems that still occur on Youtube are cases of copyright on the site, such as the practice of re-uploading videos here for example.             This study examines how the validity of income obtained from the video re-upload activity on Youtube in terms of the Ibtikar Rights Perspective in Islam and Muamalah Fiqh. This thesis research includes the type of library research, which is data collection using study studies of books, journals, printed documents, and from sites on the internet.            The results of the research conducted by the author in this thesis are unlawful in the practice of re-uploading videos that are carried out solely to obtain personal gain without giving royalties to the relevant producer / label, in other words the act is the same as a trader selling people's property otherwise without the permission of the owner or selling stolen goods, this is clearly detrimental to the creator or copyright holder because the video circulating on youtube is not given permission by the video creator to spread the creation to the public using the Youtube website. In Islam, copyright is known as Haq Ibtikar, namely a special right attached to the original video owner and part of intellectual property, both material and immaterial, so that it must be protected by law. Islam highly respects copyright as a private property right so that the right to ibtikar is classified into the Maqashid Sharia to maintain the existence of ownership of the assets of every Muslim. Every treasure that results from a video re-upload in Islam and Muamalah Fiqh is unlawful, because it is included in violating the rights of others in a vanity. Keywords: Hak Ibtikar, video re-upload, Youtube, copyright infringement
DISTRIBUSI ZAKAT UNTUK GOLONGAN FAQIR UZUR PADA LEMBAGABAITUL MAL DI ACEH
Authors: Friatna . Ida
Published: July 2020

This is an obligation to a certain Muslim who meet the requirement to pay zaka. In the other side, the government needs to operate an authorized institution to manage this kind of alms, including infaq and other Muslim’s alms. Int this case, the government of Aceh has established a kind of Islamic treasury office named Baitul Mal which mandated to preserve, manage, and develop the zaka, infaq, waqf, and other alms in Islam, including the preservation of Islamic custody. This study examines the zaka distribution by Baitul Mal office to the old poor beneficiary group. Islam basically distinguishes between miskin and faqir based on their different level, where the faqr is they are in a poorer condition. Currently, the Baitul Mal office separates the poor group into two types, namely the old poor (Faqir uzur) and the normal poor (Non-old faqir). The old poor is defined as people with old age, long sickness, and permanent disable, or with other condition they become not productive. The catagorization has consequences to the distribution portion. The Baitul Mal decided monthly consumptive distribution to the old poor group and to the normal poor is also giving incidentally by the consumptive method. This arrangement is aimed to be a guidance for all the Baitul Mal around the regencies level in targeting those types of faqr. So, here are main questions why do the Baitul Mal make this distinction and what is the impact to both type of faqr life. This study found that the Baitul mal wanted to be committed to elevating the faqr life through zaka distribution, especially to the faqr uzur that considered unproductive people and the distribution was chosen by consumptive way. This study learned that the Baitul Mal also considered to distributing part of zaka productively. The study uses the literatures and also the Baitul Mal official data.Keywords: zaka distribution, faqr uzur, Baitul Mal
ENTREVISTA COM LARA DE LEMOS
Authors: Ferreira Cinara
Published: July 2020

Entrevista com Lara de Lemos, por Cinara Ferreira