bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mesophase transition induces anomalous suppressed and anisotropic phonon transport revealed by unified machine learning potential
Authors: 张 一 , Yu Linfeng , 董 可鑫 , 杨 麒
Published: March 2024

The physical/chemical properties undergo significant transformation in the different states arising from phase transition. However, owing to the lack of a dynamic perspective, transitional mesophases are largely underexamined, which is limited by the high resources burden of first-principles. Here, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations empowered by advanced unified machine learning (ML) potential, we proffer an innovative paradigm for phase transition: regulating the thermal transport properties via the transitional mesophase triggered by a uniaxial force field. We investigate the mechanical, electrical, and thermal transport properties of the novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope of Janus-graphene with strain engineered phase transition. Notably, we found that the transitional mesophase significantly suppresses the thermal conductivity and induces strong anisotropy near the phase transition point. ML-driven MD simulations meticulously recapitulate the atomic-scale dynamic metamorphosis exhibited in Janus-graphene, where thermal vibration-induced intermediate amorphous or interfacial phases induce strong and anisotropic interfacial thermal resistance, which eludes capture from traditional first-principles methods. The investigation not only endows us with a novel perspective on mesophases during phase transitions but also augment our holistic comprehension of the evolution of material properties.
Distribution of FEN1 mediated by TM9SF1: unraveling the potential mechanisms of DNA damage
Authors: Zhou Fengqiao , Zhang Lu , Chen Huabo , Xiong Jinsong , Yang Zean , Gong Baoxian , Zhao Zhenwang , Xiong Wei , Zhang Mengxin , Gao Yihong , Cao Fengsheng , Huang Min , Liu Yang , Qiu Guangyu , Xiao Juan
Published: March 2024

Transmembrane 9 superfamily protein member 1 (TM9SF1) has abnormal overexpression in specific clinical diseases; however, its precise role in disease progression remains poorly understood. The current study revealed the critical importance of maintaining appropriate TM9SF1 levels for the proper distribution of FEN1, a protein crucial for DNA repair. TM9SF1 interacted with FEN1 through its N-terminal region spanning amino acids 1-236, which could translocate into the nucleus, while the C-terminal segment spanning amino acids 237–606 was responsible for the cellular localization of TM9SF1. Overexpression of TM9SF1 led to the sequestration of FEN1 in the cytoplasm, thus hindering FEN1’s entry into the nucleus. Consequently, DNA repair capacity was compromised, leading to increased DNA damage and subsequently cell growth inhibition. Moreover, TM9SF1 knockdown in 293T cells or its knockout in mouse kidney cells did not affect the expression levels and distribution of FEN1 or DNA damage induction. The current study revealed the mechanism of the abnormally high TM9SF1 expression in the occurrence and development of clinical diseases, thus positioning TM9SF1 as a potential drug target.
Structural Complexity of the Bone Trabecular in Children Exposed to Different Sunlight Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study with Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Losso André Ramos , de Oliveira Carla Barros , Fonseca-Gonçalves Andréa , Visconti Maria Augusta
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trabecular bone structural complexity in children with varying sunlight exposure using panoramic radiographs (PR) and investigate potential implications for bone metabolism. Fractal dimension (FD) and pixel intensity (PI) were employed for comparison.
Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs (n=120) of 6 to 9-year-old children, divided into more (n=60) and less (n=60) sunlight exposure groups, were assessed. ImageJ® software was used to analyze three regions of interest (ROI) in each radiograph. FD, determined by the box-counting method, and PI values were compared across ROIs and between exposure groups and genders using Kruskal-Wallis and t-tests (p<0.05).
Results: Children with less sunlight exposure exhibited higher FD values (3.60 ± 0.29) compared to those with more exposure (3.31 ± 0.29) (p=0.000), particularly in ROI2 and ROI3. No gender-based differences were observed (p=0.607). PI values were similar between exposure groups (p=0.735) and genders (p=0.553), except for a significant difference in ROI2 of less exposed children (62.76 ± 20.48) compared to more exposed ones (78.30 ± 65.20).
Conclusion: Reduced sunlight exposure in children was associated with higher FD values, impacting trabecular bone structural complexity. However, total PI values remained unaffected by sunlight exposure. This suggests that dentists, utilizing FD and PI analysis on routinely requested PR, can contribute to the early detection of potential bone variations in children.
Clinical Relevance: Understanding FD and PI applications in PR can empower dentists for the early identification of bone variations in pediatric patients during routine clinical assessments.
Monte-Carlo Simulation Based Value-at-Risk for Non-Gaussian Seasonal Stochastic Volatility Model
Authors: SUN Yongbo , JIANG Zhengjun
Published: March 2024

Commodity option has relatively low correlations with equities and bonds and is a good diversification asset to a portfolio compared with traditional assets. However, commodity has seasonal patterns compared with other assets. In this article, we combine stochastic volatility model with seasonal patterns and do risk measurement such as calculating options' value-at-risk (VaR). We also study non-Gaussian stochastic volatility model in student \(t\) distribution and skew-student-$t$ distribution instead of usual Gaussian distribution which take skewness and fat tails into consideration with tail losses and extreme events typical of commodity markets. Our results demonstrate that non-Gaussian distributed seasonal stochastic volatility model can better estimate VaR and has higher probability that extreme cases may happen. This research suggests that our model can serve as a powerful tool for investors seeking to manage risks more effectively in volatile commodity markets, highlighting the importance of considering both seasonal influences and distributional characteristics in financial modeling.
Cross-Hedge Efficiency in the Iberian Gas Market: Evaluating the Role of TTF and NBP in Mitigating Price Volatility
Authors: Leite Ana Catarina de Paula , Pimentel Liliana Marques , Monteiro Leandro
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates the hedging effectiveness of TTF and NBP against price volatilities in the Iberian Peninsula's natural gas market (PVB). The methodology includes a comparative analysis of five hedging strategies, including the simple minimum variance approach and the more sophisticated BEKK model, which belongs to the GARCH family. The analysis shows that TTF and NBP serve as efficient hedging instruments, demonstrating in particular their effectiveness as cross-hedging tools in liquidity-constrained markets such as MIBGAS (Iberian Gas Market). In particular, the study finds that simpler models can provide hedge effectiveness comparable to that of more complex models. From a practical point of view, the results advocate that market participants use a mix of hedging strategies and dynamic approaches to manage market volatility. In addition, the study underscores the critical role of regulatory frameworks in fostering market integration and improving liquidity, providing valuable insights for market participants navigating the complexities of natural gas markets.
Sources of microplastics to two Southeast Michigan rivers and biofilm responses plastic substrata
Authors: Troost Jennifer L. , Baker Sadie M. , Chaudry Morgan H. , Judd Kristin E.
Published: March 2024

Plastic pollution is an emergent global issue in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Microplastics can be introduced into waterways from a variety of sources, although the relative importance of a source for a given watershed is not well understood. To determine whether medium-sized wastewater treatment plants are significant sources of microplastics to rivers that feed into Lake Erie, we measured microplastic load up and downstream of two southeast Michigan wastewater treatment plants. We also performed experiments to test the effects of plastic on stream biofilm function. We detected a significant increase in the microplastic load downstream from the Ypsilanti wastewater treatment plant, which empties into the Lower Rouge River but not the Ann Arbor wastewater treatment plant, which empties into the Huron River. However, the background microplastic load was 10x higher in the Huron River compared to the Lower Rouge River, likely obscuring our ability to detect microplastic wastewater inputs. We found a positive relationship between river discharge and microplastic load at the Huron River site, which drains a larger watershed area than the Lower Rouge site, suggesting that watershed sources may be more important than wastewater treatment plant inputs over larger spatial scales. In biofilm experiments, biofilms grown on high-density polyethylene and polypropylene had significantly lower metabolic diversity and metabolic response, respectively. Overall, our findings indicate that attention should be directed to both point and nonpoint sources to reduce microplastic pollution and that plastics may negatively affect the function of stream biofilm communities.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Phytosterols Identifies a Novel Locus for Serum Levels of Campesterol
Authors: Alenbawi Jamil , Al-Sarraj Yasser A. , Umlai Umm-Kulthum I. , Kadhi Ayat , Hendi Nagham N. , Nemer Georges , Albagha Omar M. E.
Published: March 2024

Sitosterolemia is a rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in the ABCG5/ABCG8 genes. These genes encode proteins involved in the transport of plant sterols. Mutations in these genes lead to decreased excretion of phytosterols, which can accumulate in the body and lead to a variety of health problems, including premature coronary artery disease. We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) population to identify genetic determinants of plant sterol levels in Qatari people. GWAS was performed on serum levels of β-sitosterol and campesterol using the Metabolon platform from Qatar Biobank and genome sequence data provided by Qatar Genome Program. A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of data from our Qatari cohort with summary statistics from a previously published large cohort (9,758 subjects) of European ancestry was conducted. Using conditional analysis, we identified two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with β-sitosterol (rs145164937 and rs4299376), and two others with campesterol (rs7598542 and rs75901165) in the Qatari population in addition to previously reported variants. All of them map to the ABCG5/8 locus except rs75901165 which is located within the Intraflagellar Transport 43 (IFT43) gene. The meta-analysis replicated most of the reported variants, and our study provided significant support for the association of variants in SCARB1 and ABO with sitosterolemia. We also evaluated the performance of a polygenic risk score for this trait from a European GWAS in QBB. These findings may have future implications on the personalized treatment of hyperlipidemia in general while showing the importance of building population-specific multi-omics databases.
Utilization of Evidence-Based Therapies and prescribing patterns among patients receiving anti- hypertensive agents in Hospital Serdang
Authors: Marzouk Mennatallah , Hisham Shairyzah
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Hypertension is recognized as a major global problem. It affects every aspect of the patient’s quality of life, and employment and can even cause premature death. Its growing prevalence and poor control represent a huge health challenge worldwide.
Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the utilization of evidence-based anti-hypertensive agents in the management of hypertensive patients in Hospital Serdang. This study was conducted retrospectively from July 2019 to August 2019.
Methodology: The study subjects were screened and reemitted using a random sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected patient data was retrieved from Hospital Serdang's online eHIS Live system.
Results: Out of 106 patients, 14 patients were excluded due to incomplete information on medical records, patients following up at other hospitals, and pregnant women. The study results showed that adherence to the guidelines when prescribing combination therapies was seen more than in monotherapy. The majority of subjects did not receive antihypertensive treatment according to co-morbidities. However, only stroke showed high adherence to the guideline. Most of the subjects adhered to guidelines when there was a presence of contraindications. The median (IQR) GAI score was 40. In this study, GAI score was divided into 3 categories, 13 (15.9%) of the patients have a good adherence (80-100%), 23 (28%) have moderate adherence (50-79%) and 46 (56.11%) have poor adherence (0-49%) to the guideline.
Conclusion: Among 82 studied patients, more than half of the patients were not treated according to guidelines, while only 13 of the subjects were categorized as having good adherence to guidelines. This study indicated that there is a need to introduce an educational program for prescribers in hospitals and collaborative interventions between clinical pharmacist and physicians.
Non-linear optical properties, Quantum Chemical Calculations, Hirschfeld Surface, Molecular Docking Study on Anticancer Activity, NCI and ELF of α-P 4 S 4 a cage phosphorus-sulphorus
Authors: Rafik Abdellatif , Zouihri Hafid , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Alam Seikh Mafiz , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Guedira Taoufiq , Tüzün Burak
Published: March 2024

Computational investigations on α-P4S4, including molecular geometry optimization, Gaussian 03 software with B3LYP and MP2 methodologies was used to perform HOMO-LUMO analysis and Mulliken population analysis at the 6-311 + G(d,p) level. Hirshfeld maps and two-dimensional fingerprint plots show that S⋯S, S⋯P, and P⋯P interactions are most common. Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) events are interpreted by means of electrically resonant second harmonic generating. A new diagrammatic technique provides for compact mapping the expected response of NLO as a function of molecule regards provides visual illustrations of the resonant NLO molecular response. Indeed, strong electron withdrawing P group on the cage ring. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap was measured to be 4.4283 eV. However, the findings indicate that α-P4S4 can be employed for diverse opto-electronic applications. The computed findings are in good accord with the experimental results. finally, by combining these approaches, it would be possible to better understand how the structure of α-P4S4, its Fourier density and its non-covalent interactions contribute to its potential anticancer activity, which could lead to the development of more effective drugs against cancer.
Involvement of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Tianxiang , Wang Yi , Liu Zige , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Jinning , Yuan Ang , Wang Wenpeng , Chen Desheng
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study compared the expression of the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway members in knee joint synovial tissue from patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who underwent lower limb disarticulation.
Methods
The specimens were separated into observation (synovial tissue removed during total knee arthroplasty of 30 patients with primary KOA) and control groups (synovial tissue removed during lower limb disarticulation of 25 patients).
Results
The observation group specimens showed high proliferation, congestion, edema, unorganized cellular arrangement, and presence of vacuolated cells. The control group specimens were white with a smooth surface and non-edematous texture, and showed organized and homogenous cell/stroma arrangement. The observation group showed higher expression of RhoA and ROCK transcripts and proteins than the control.
Conclusion
Patients with KOA expressed high levels of RhoA and ROCK transcripts and proteins in synovial tissues, suggesting a relationship between RhoA/ROCK and KOA. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for delaying synovial lesions in KOA.
Unconventional angular dependence of spin-orbit torque-induced harmonic Hall resistance in Pt/YIG bilayers
Authors: Park Byong-Guk , Shiino Takayuki , Phuoc Cao Van , Choi Jong-Guk , Kim Geunwoo , Jeong Jong-Ryul
Published: March 2024

Spin orbit torque (SOT), arising from spin-orbit coupling-induced spin currents, provides efficient control of the magnetization direction. SOT characterization that involves analyzing the first and second harmonic Hall resistances are typically done in a low-current regime, distinct from a high-current regime, where SOT-induced magnetization switching occurs. In this study, we investigate the azimuthal angle (ϕ)-dependent harmonic Hall resistances of a Pt/yttrium iron garnet (YIG) layer across a wide range of measurement currents. Under low-current conditions, conventional ϕ-dependent Hall resistances are observed; the first harmonic Hall resistance exhibits sin⁡2ϕ behavior and the second harmonic Hall resistance comprises cos⁡ϕ and cos⁡3ϕ terms, associated with damping-like and field-like SOT, respectively. Interestingly, with an increase in the current, higher-order angular-dependent terms become non-negligible, referring to the sin⁡4ϕ and sin⁡6ϕ terms for the first harmonic and the cos⁡5ϕ and cos⁡7ϕ terms for the second harmonic Hall resistances. We attribute this unconventional angular dependence to the nonlinear current dependence of SOT, emphasizing its relevance to understand the magnetization dynamics during SOT-induced switching under large currents.
Inhibition of Elastase induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression through the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis via MiR206 3p Sponge
Authors: Xuan Xuezhen , Li Yaling , Cao Genmao , Hu Jie , Yan Sheng , Jin Haijiang , Qiao Maolin , Zheng Lin , Zhang Ruijing , Dong Honglin
Published: March 2024

Background
Prior research has established a significant association between the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and the apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Notably, the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway's activation is markedly increased in a mouse model of AAA. Nonetheless, the precise contribution of this pathway to AAA development remains to be elucidated.
Materials and Methods
We utilized a single-cell sequencing dataset pertaining to AAA from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, employing the R package CellChat (v1.1.3) to analyze communication strength, signaling pathways, and modes of interaction among various VSMC phenotypes and immune cells. The activity level of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was evaluated in both human AAA patients and a mouse model. We examined the impact of CXCR4-specific inhibitors on AAA progression and the regulatory influence of MiR206-3p sponge on this axis.
Results
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant upregulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in AAA tissues. Further, Serum ELISA and in vivo experiments indicate a pronounced activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in both AAA patients and the elastase-induced AAA mouse model. CXCR4-specific inhibitors inhibited further expansion and rupture of the abdominal aorta and reduced the infiltration of macrophages in the aorta. Diminishing miR206-3p levels in VSMCs led to a decrease in CXCR4 expression within AAA tissues and a reduction in serum CXCL12 concentrations. Furthermore, transfecting VSMCs with miR206-3p sponge curtailed apoptosis and phenotypic transformation, markedly reducing AAA diameter and rupture frequency in mice. In vitro experiments corroborated that blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis mitigated apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs.
Conclusion
Our findings propose that MiR206-3p sponge represents an innovative therapeutic strategy to attenuate AAA progression and rupture risk, primarily through the suppression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway.
Investigating the role of a testis-expressed gene Tex2 in spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: Wang Suyan , Li Dingming , Shen Gan , Zhuo Liangchai , Ruan Tiechao , Wang Xiang , Jiang Chuan , Liu Yao , Jiang Xiaohui , Shen Ying
Published: March 2024

Background
Although TEX2 is primarily expressed in the testes of mammals, its exact role in reproduction remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether TEX2 plays a role in determining fertility in mice.
Methods
To address this issue, a mouse model with Tex2 knockout was created through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Various experiments, including qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, CASA, and H&E staining, were conducted to evaluate the role of TEX2 on mouse spermatogenesis.
Results
Although a percentage of spermatozoa exhibited defects in morphology and motility following Tex2 knockout, these abnormalities had no significant impact on the fertility of male mice. Additionally, the knockout did not significantly influence ovarian development or oogenesis in female mice.
Conclusions
In summary, despite the deletion of Tex2 having a minor impact on spermatogenesis in mice, it did not significantly affect their overall fertility. It is possible that alternative mechanisms might compensate for the absence of Tex2, or that Tex2 has a dispensable role in the reproductive process. This discovery offers a fresh outlook on the genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the reproductive process, potentially catalyzing further investigations in related fields.
Indoor residual spraying uptake and its effect on malaria morbidity in Ngoma district, Eastern province of Rwanda, 2018-2021
Authors: Nsekuye Olivier , Malamba Samuel S. , El-Khatib Ziad , Omolo Jared , Mangara Jean-Louis N. , Munyakanage Dunia , Uwimana Aline , Umutoni Angela , Lucchi Naomi W. , Rwagasore Edson , Ntabanganyimana Daniel , Niyoyita Jean-Claude , Uwayo Henri Desire , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Rwunganira Samuel
Published: March 2024

Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) was implemented in Rwanda among districts with high transmission of malaria, including Ngoma District, which received the first IRS (IRS-1) in March 2019 before the peak season, and the second IRS (IRS-2) campaign in August 2020, which targeted 89,331 structures. This study was conducted to assess factors associated with IRS uptake and the effect of IRS intervention on malaria morbidity in the Ngoma district, Eastern Province, Rwanda.
Method
A household survey using a multistage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select households. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to the head of household or the designated household in May 2021. A logistic regression model adjusted for the complex survey design and weighted to account for the sampling design was used to assess factors associated with IRS uptake. A secondary data analysis of malaria cases registered in the Rwanda Health Management Information System (RHMIS) from January 2015 to December 2022 in Ngoma district was used to determine the effect of IRS on malaria morbidity using interrupted time series analysis.
Results
Six hundred thirty-six households headed by self-employed (aOR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.55) and unemployed (aOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03–0.99) individuals were less likely to take up IRS than households headed by farmers. Households receiving information about the IRS via media (aOR = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00-0.17) were less likely to use the IRS than were those receiving information via community health workers. From the RHMIS, 919,843 malaria cases were identified. In the interrupted time series analysis, the baseline number of adjusted malaria cases was approximately 16,920. The first intervention in March 2019 led to a significant reduction of approximately 14,380 patients (p < 0.001), while the second intervention in August 2020 led to a decrease of approximately 2,495 patients, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.098).
Conclusion
This study underscores the ability of IRS to reduce malaria incidence in Ngoma District. The influence of socioeconomic factors and information sources on IRS uptake calls for targeted strategies, comprehensive IRS education, and an integrated malaria control approach, including bed net usage and other prevention and control interventions.
A new synthetic route towards the formation of rapid crystal of dinuclear dysprosium (III) complex using ligand derived from o-vanillin: syntheses, crystal structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Saha Samarendra Nath , Halder Pabitra , Mandal Soumik
Published: March 2024

A new dinuclear dysprosium (III) complex has been synthesized with the formula [DyIII2(valpico)2(NO3)4].4CH3CN, where (Hvalpico = 2-methoxy-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol) in acetonitrile medium. The single crystals started to form from acetonitrile solution after 5 minutes of reaction and completed within 10 minutes at room temperature. The crystals were of good quality for single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. The structural and magnetic properties of the dinuclear (Dy2) phenoxo-bridged motif are explored. The magnetic property of the Dy-dimer complex show single molecular magnetic (SMM) behaviour.
Multifunctional alkaline phosphatases drive the phosphorus cycle in the ocean
Authors: Saavedra Daniel E. M. , González José M. , Klaushofer Katharina , Afjehi-Sadat Leila , Patrick Wayne M. , Baltar Federico
Published: March 2024

Background
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in limiting marine ecosystems productivity. To overcome this limitation, organisms use alkaline phosphatases (APases) to obtain phosphate from organic compounds. Although traditionally viewed as isoenzymes with specific roles, recent research has uncovered the multifunctionality of PhoA, a specific APase family. However, the prevalence of enzyme multifunctionality across all APase families remains unexplored, as does the determination of the dominant APases and the microbial taxa expressing them in the oceanic water column.
Results
Our findings revealed that all major APase families are actively expressed in the global ocean and are dominated by Alteromonas, particularly in the deep ocean. Enzymatic assays with purified recombinant APases from Alteromonas mediterranea revealed multifunctional activities with substrate affinities indicating distinct ecological roles. Proteomic analysis under phosphorus limitation unveiled specific protein regulation in Alteromonas mediterranea. Investigation into the secretion signal-peptides of APase enzymes revealed that PhoA and PafA predominantly utilize the Sec pathway for secretion, whereas PhoD and PhoX are primarily transported through the Tat pathway.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the relevance of multifunctional APases in the global ocean, illustrating how microbes utilize multifunctional alkaline phosphatase families to acquire phosphorus, while ultimately highlighting the role of multifunctional enzymes in marine biogeochemical cycles.
Promotion effect suggested by hexadecanoic acid on the oxidative tolerance of S. cerevisiae during its co-culture with E. coli
Authors: Hou Shuxin , Wang Shihui , Zheng Caijuan , Zhou Yu , Yu Changyuan , Li Hao
Published: March 2024

Co-fermentation performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli or other microbes has been widely used in industrial fermentation. Meanwhile, the co-cultured microbes might regulate each other’s metabolisms or cell behaviors including oxidative tolerance through secreting molecules. Here, results based on the co-culture system of S. cerevisiae and E. coli suggested the promoting effect of E. coli on the oxidative tolerance of S. cerevisiae cells. The co-cultured E. coli could enhance S. cerevisiae cell viability through improving its membrane stability and reducing the oxidized lipid level. Meanwhile, promoting effect of the co-cultured supernatant on the oxidative tolerance of S. cerevisiae illustrated by the supernatant substitution strategy suggested that secreted compounds contained in the co-cultured supernatant contributed to the higher oxidative tolerance of S. cerevisiae. The potential key regulatory metabolite (i.e., hexadecanoic acid) with high content difference between co-cultured supernatant and the pure-cultured S. cerevisiae supernatant was discovered by GC-MS-based metabolomics strategy. And exogenous addition of hexadecanoic acid did suggest its contribution to higher oxidative tolerance of S. cerevisiae. Results presented here would contribute to the understanding of the microbial interactions and provide the foundation for improving the efficiency of co-fermentation performed by S. cerevisiae and E. coli.
RETRACTED: Influence of Ion Mobility and Electrode Structure Effects on Supercapacitors with CaO, MgO and SiO2
Authors: Yargı Önder , Bostancı Eda , Filiz Bilge Coşkuner , Kantürk Aysel Figen
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Role of Telephysical Therapy in Quality of Life and Satisfaction Among Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Authors: Arwa Munaza , Chaikumarn Montakarn
Published: March 2024

Background:
The efficacy of telephysical therapy has been tailored in several previous researches. However, its role in improving the quality of life and satisfaction of musculoskeletal disorder patients is ambiguous. The study aimed to determine the role of telephysical therapy in quality of life and satisfaction among patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Method:
A pre-post study was conducted recruiting 327 musculoskeletal disorder patients through the platform of MARHAM. The participants were requested to fill telehealth usability questionnaire (TUQ) and the European quality of life-5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) before the start of tele sessions and at the end via email and WhatsApp. All the participants answered 10 open-ended questions related to their experience and perception of telephysical therapy at the end of the intervention. The participant was excluded if he/she had any cognitive impairment, any serious medical/psychological comorbidity, or was unable to commit to the study protocol.
Results:
The majority of the participants belonged to Lahore with a mean age of 41.80 (+14.84). Paired sample t-tests showed significant differences between pre and post-values of TUQ and EQ-5D scores. Overall health score was also improved after tele sessions. Multiple regression analysis showed 35.4% of variance in satisfaction and 35% in quality of life. Age, gender, and number of sessions were the most influencing independent variables. 85.33% of participants were highly satisfied and 83% had excellent experience. They suggested in-person initial assessment and follow-up sessions.
Conclusion:
Telephysical therapy had a positive role in improving the quality of life and satisfaction among patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Influence of Psychometric and Sleep Quality Features on Painful Mechanical Sensitivity and Pain Modulation in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Salbego Rafaela Stocker , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Soares Flávia Fonseca Carvalho , Ferreira Dyna Mara Araújo Oliveira , Herreira-Ferreira Matheus , Netto Beatriz Amaral Lima , Svensson Peter , Costa Yuri Martins , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi
Published: March 2024

Investigating the collective impact of psychometric properties and sleep quality on pain sensitivity in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients could improve clinical management strategies.
Objective: Assessing whether combined psychometric properties and sleep quality impact painful mechanical sensitivity and pain modulation in TMD patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data analysis of 77 TMD patients and 101 controls. All participants completed questionnaires characterizing their psychometric profile (anxiety, depression, stress and catastrophizing) and sleep quality, alongside quantitative tests for painful mechanical sensory (mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and wind-up ratio (WUR)) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Participants were grouped into "High distress" or "Low distress" categories based on psychometric properties and sleep quality using hierarchical cluster and k-means analyses. Multiple linear regression evaluated the influence of TMD, age, and the distress cluster on MPT, WUR, PPT, and CPM in masseter and thenar muscles. Differences were statistically significant when p<0.05.
Results: The presence of TMD was the strongest predictor of mechanical painful sensitivity in the trigeminal region (MPT[F(3,174)=51.902;p<,001;adjusted R2=,463]; TMD presence (β=-,682) / PPT[F(3,174)=15.573;p<,001;adjusted R2=,198] TMD presence (β=-,452), and extra-trigeminal (MPT[F(3,174)=35.897;p<,001;adjusted R2=,382] TMD (β=-,647) / CPM [F(3,174)=4.106;p<,05;adjusted R2=,050] TMD presence (β=,197).
Conclusions: There is not a significant influence of impairment clusters based on psychological variables and sleep quality on painful mechanical sensitivity and pain modulation, regardless of the presence of TMD.
Clinical relevance: This outcome suggests that psychosocial factors and sleep quality may not play a decisive role in the sensory-discriminative aspect of pain, particularly concerning painful TMD.
Screening impacts of Tilmicosin induced-hepatic and renal toxicity in rats: Protection by Rhodiola Rosea extract through the involvement of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and inflammatory cytokines biomarkers
Authors: Elgendy Salwa A. , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Shukry Mustafa , Mohammed Lina Abdelhady , Nasr Hend Elsayed , Althobaiti Saad , Almalki Daklallah A. , Alotaibi Khalid S. , Elnoury Heba A.
Published: March 2024

Tilmicosin (TIL) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity derived from tylosin. TIL is effective in the treatment of bovine and ovine respiratory diseases caused by different microbes. In parallel, Rhodiola rosea (RHO) is a popular herbal remedy because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. Rats received saline or RHO for sequential 12 days. TIL was injected as a single dose subcutaneously (75 mg/kg BW) on day 6 of experiment. The protective group received RHO daily for sequential 12 days, TIL was injected as a single dose 1 hour after RHO administration on day 6 of experiment and continued for extra 6 successive days with RHO only. Samples and blood were collected for serum analysis, gene expression and immunohistochemistry screening at liver and kidney levels. TIL injection increased serum levels of hepatic and renal markers (ALP, ALT, AST, TC, TG, creatinine and urea) with a decrease in total proteins. In parallel, TIL induced hepatic and renal oxidative stress as there was an increase in malondialdehyde levels, with a decrease in catalase and reduced glutathione activities. Of interest, pre-administration of RHO inhibited TIL-induced increase in hepato-renal markers and decrease the oxidative stress and increased antioxidant activities of both liver and kidney. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that TIL increased HSP70 (heat shock protein), NFkB and TNF-α mRNA expression in liver. Moreover, TIL upregulated the expression of desmin, nestin, and vimentin expression in kidney. The upregulated genes were decreased significantly in the protective group received RHO. Serum inflammatory cytokines, together with genes of inflammatory markers in liver tissues (HSP70, NFkB and TNF-α) and in kidney tissues (desmin, nestin, and vimentin) were all affected. TIL induced hepatic vacuolation and congestion together with glomerular atrophy. The immunoreactivity of PCNA and HMGB1 were examined immunohistochemically. At cellular levels, PCNA was decreased while HMGB1 immunoreactivity was increased in TIL injected rats and was improved by pre administration of RHO. RHO administration protected the altered changes in liver and renal histology. Current findings support the possible use of RHO to shield the liver and kidney from the negative effects of tilmicosin.
Some properties of the novel topological graph index Atom-Bond Sum-Connectivity index
Authors: Jayanna Gowtham Kalkere , Swamy Narahari Narasimha , Sooryanarayana Badekara , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: March 2024

The sum-connectivity variant of atom-bond connectivity index is recently introduced, and is defined as the sum of the terms of the form $\sqrt{(d_u+d_v-2)/(d_u+d_v)}$ over all adjacent vertices $u, v$ in a graph $G$, and named as the atom-bond sum connectivity index denoted by $ABS(G)$. The sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph $G$ is known as the graph energy $E(G)$. In this paper, we observe some mathematical properties of $ABS(G)$ and establish bounds for this index in terms of other indices. We also compare $ABS(T)$ with $E(T)$ taking all trees $T$ of order $n=8,9,\cdots,14$ and observe a very strong correlation between the two invariants for all studied groups of trees.\\ \textbf{Keywords:} Atom-Bond Sum-Connectivity index, ABS, topological index, graph energy\\ \textbf{MSC 2010 Codes:} 05C07, 05C50
MSC 2010 Codes: 05C07, 05C50
Evaluation of the protective effect of cannabidiol against cadmium-induced toxicity in 2D and 3D model THLE-2 liver cell line
Authors: Şahin Serkan , Türksoy Vugar Ali , Azarkan Serap Yalçın
Published: March 2024

The likelihood of human exposure to toxic metals is increasing due to various factors. Among these toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) holds a significant place. New methods and substances are needed to protect individuals against the harmful effects caused by Cd. In the Transformed Human Liver Epithelial-2 (THLE-2) cell line, the cytotoxic effect of Cd (IC50) was determined. To assess the protective efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), some groups of cell lines were treated with Cd alone, while others were subjected to a combination of Cd and 5 µM CBD. GSH, MDA, MPO, CAT, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in cell lines were determined using ELISA kits. The inhibition of toxic metal entry into the cells by CBD was evaluated through ICP-MS analysis. The IC50 value for Cd was determined as 5 µM in 2D cell lines and 10 µM in 3D cell lines. It was observed that the application of CBD at a concentration of 5 µM, along with the determined IC50 dose of Cd, increased the cell proliferation rate. Additionally, the decrease in GSH and CAT levels, and the increase in MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels observed in cell lines treated only with Cd were reversed with the application of CBD. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that CBD reduced the uptake of Cd into the cells. CBD reverses the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by Cd, increases cell proliferation, and reduces Cd entry into the cell. This provides strong evidence for the protective role of CBD against Cd exposures.
Flood induced buttertub spill reveals riverine plastic transport dynamics
Authors: Hauk Rahel , Ploeg Martine van der , Teuling Adriaan J. , de Winter Winnie , Emmerik Tim H.M. van
Published: March 2024

During the July 2021 European floods approximately 8 million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttercups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over two years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within three weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first three weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following two years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first three weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the two years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.
mm wave based Gesture Recognition through FMCW Radar using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Hussain Waqar
Published: March 2024

This research work employed machine learning models for hand gesture recognition using mmwave radar signals to classify different ergonomic and intuitive hand gestures. The proposed system uses IWR6843 AOP EVM frequency modulated continuous wave radar that helps in collecting the hand gestures data for the scalability purpose. The dataset consists of 2718 samples having six classes named as button press, circle, hand down, hand up, swipe left, and swipe right. These samples are collected from four individuals to train the deep neural network, recurrent neural networks, and transformer network. This study investigates the impact of various deep learning approaches on captured mmwave radar based data for gesture recognition. Moreover, a comparison is performed between the proposed methodology and state of the art study. The proposed methodology achieves a promising accuracy of 99.4% which shows that adopted model is robust, scalable and outperforms all other adopted models.
In silico genome wide identification of long non coding RNAs differentially expressed during Candida auris host pathogenesis
Authors: Mathur Kartavya , Singh Bharti , Puria Rekha , Nain Vikrant
Published: March 2024

Candida auris is an invasive fungal pathogen of high concern due to acquired drug tolerance against antifungals used in clinics. The prolonged persistence on biotic and abiotic surfaces can result in onset of hospital outbreaks causing serious health threat. An in depth understanding of pathology of C. auris is highly desirable for development of efficient therapeutics. Non coding RNAs play crucial role in fungal pathology. However, the information about ncRNAs is scanty to be utilized. Herein our aim is to identify long noncoding RNAs with potent role in pathobiology of C. auris. Thereby, we analyzed the transcriptomics data of C. auris infection in blood for identification of potential lncRNAs with regulatory role in determining invasion, survival or drug tolerance under infection conditions. Interestingly, we found 275 lncRNAs, out of which 253 matched with lncRNAs reported in Candidamine, corroborating for our accurate data analysis pipeline. Nevertheless, we obtained 23 novel lncRNAs not reported earlier. Three lncRNAs were found to be under expressed throughout the course of infection, in the transcriptomics data. 16 of potent lncRNAs were found to be coexpressed with coding genes, emphasizing for their functional role. Noteworthy, these ncRNAs are expressed from intergenic regions of the genes associated with transporters, metabolism, cell wall biogenesis. This study recommends for possible association between lncRNA expression and C. auris pathogenesis.
Synergizing Sensor Intelligence: a Novel Approach to Enhanced Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Karthik S. , Shanthi S. , Satish N.
Published: March 2024

Human activity recognition (HAR) methods are becoming increasingly crucial in observing daily human actions, namely aged care, investigations, intelligent homes, healthcare, and sports. Smart gadgets have various sensors, such as a gyroscope, motion, and accelerometer, which are extensively utilized inertial sensors that can detect various human physical circumstances. Many studies on human action recognition have been conducted recently. Smartphone sensor data generate high-dimensional relevant features that may be used to detect human actions. However, not all of the vectors are vital in the detection phase. The 'curse of dimensionality' occurs when all feature vectors are included. A hybridized feature selection technique that incorporates a wrapper and filter approach has been proposed in this study. The technique employs a sequential floating forward search (SFFS) with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to extract the necessary characteristics for enhanced activity detection. The characteristics are then supplied into a fuzzy-based recurrent neural network (FRNN) classifier to generate nonlinear classifiers using deep learning features for training and testing. A benchmark dataset is utilized to investigate the proposed model. The suggested system utilizes limited hardware resources effectively and accurately identifies activities.
Identification and counting of pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus fingerlings fish using Machine learning with batch normalization
Authors: Souza Alene Santos , Costa Adriano Carvalho , França Heyde Francielle do Carmo , de Melo Gidélia Araújo Ferreira , Lima Lessandro do Carmo , Kretschmer Vitória de Vasconcelos , de Oliveira Débora Ázara , Horn Liege Dauny , de Rezende Isabel Rodrigues , Fernandes Marília Parreira , Neto Rafael Vilhena Reis , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca , Oliveira Rodrigo Fortunato , Viadanna Pedro Henrique , Vitorino Brenno Muller
Published: March 2024

The identification and counting of fish are relevant tools used for stocking, harvesting, and marketing management of farmed fish. The use of convolutional networks has been used for such purposes, and different approaches have been employed to improve network learning. Batch normalization is one of the techniques that aids in the enhancement and stability of the network, providing greater accuracy. Thus, the objective was to evaluate machine learning in the identification and counting of pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus fingerlings fish with and without batch normalization. One thousand photographic images of pirapitinga fingerlings were used, labeled through bounding boxes. The training of the adapted convolutional network model was performed, with batch normalization layers inserted at the end of each convolution block. One hundred fifty epochs were established, and batch sizes for normalization were set to 1, 5, 10, and 20. The database training was also conducted without applying normalization for comparison. The evaluation metrics for network performance were precision, recall, and mAP@0.5. The results obtained with the model without the application of the technique were inferior to the models in which batch normalization was applied. The batch size equal to 20 was the model trained with the best performance, showing precision of 96.74%, recall of 95.48%, mAP@0.5 of 97.08%, and accuracy of 98%. It is concluded that batch normalization increases accuracy in the detection and counting of pirapitinga fingerlings in different densities of fish