bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRADITIONAL AND VIRTUAL SOURCES OF MARKET INFORMATION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MARKET BEHAVIOURS OF MOTOR DISABLED CONSUMERS
Authors: MACIASZCZYK MAGDALENA , RZEPKA AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

The scale of applying information technologies and mobile devices in market transactions is modelling behaviours of consumers in a very large scale. Such changes are noticeable not only in the manner of purchasing goods in stationary shops, but above all they mean virtualization of purchase behaviours of all client groups. The aim of the article to identify symptoms of modern consumer behaviours of the chosen group of consumers. To illustrate the discussed issues the author used results of empirical research carried out on the group of 125 physically disabled consumers. The research was carried out in Lubelskie Provinces. The Statistica program was used. Narrowing examinations to the determined section was driven by differences in intensity of individual needs as well as possibilities of meeting those needs between physically disabled consumers and consumers without physical limitations.
FACTORS DECIDING TO BUY AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PODLASKIE VOIVODSHIP
Authors: ZALEWSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: November 2022

The article presents the criteria for the purchase of new agricultural tractors by farmers. The study covered a group of 120 farmers from the Podlaskie Voivodeship, which were also beneficiaries of the RDP 2007-2013. Research shows how the market for new agricultural tractors in the Podlaskie Voivodship is shaping up. The survey also showed farmers' level of satisfaction with their purchases and further investment plans.
SENIOR IN THE LOCAL HOUSING MARKET
Authors: ŚPIEWAK – SZYJKA MONIKA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to diagnose the phenomenon of changing the place of residence by seniors and related socio-economic consequences and the analyzing the housing market for seniors. This article should answer for questions about, among others. The shape of the current housing offer and the degree of its adaptation to the needs of seniors, the concept of the housing needs of seniors.
INFLUENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE ON DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN VILLAGES OF SELECTED COUNTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF PODLASIE
Authors: KLEPACKA-DUNAJKO IZABELA , NIEWĘGŁOWSKI MAREK , DUNAJKO DAMIAN
Published: November 2022

The paper analyses importance of infrastructural development on entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Province of Podlasie. Total of 108 villages counties were included in the analysis. The paper presents also growth of entrepreneurship in rural areas of the selected villages in the period of 2010 to 2014, as related to various branches of economic activity. The analysis shows that a decrease of rural entrepreneurship level is directly reducing growth intensity dependence from the technical infrastructure equipment.
PROJECT OF IMPLEMENTATION PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNIQUES IN CONVENTIONAL HOLDING – CASE STUDY
Authors: BORUSIEWICZ ANDRZEJ , DROŻYNER-STAROWICZ PAULINA
Published: November 2022

Intensive technological development requires the agricultural sector to adapt to the requirements of today's economy. To achieve this, agricultural production must seek to minimize costs while increasing production. All this must be achieved while maintaining the principles of sustainable development. To achieve this, precision farming technologies are used. This paper presents the concept of the implementation of precision techniques in a conventional farm. The results obtained allowed us to present a SWOT analysis of the modernization of the farm described above, which showed that the strengths of the system prevail and the opportunities for the farm to develop during its implementation. The initial financial outlays will be returned quickly and significant savings in grain, fertilizers and plant protection products will be achieved, as well as time and health of the farmer.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PARTNERSHIP GROUPS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OWL-IŁAW FUNCTIONAL AREA
Authors: PAWLEWICZ KATARZYNA , WÓJCIK KATARZYNA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to present changes in the level of socio-economic development of the partner communes and the Ostróda-Iława Functional Area as a whole in 2012-2015. The analyzes were made on the basis of indicators representing priority areas (competitive and modern economy, rich and diverse infrastructure, high quality of life) contained in the Strategy of Development of the Ostróda-Iława Functional Area and overall according to the main criterion - socio-economic development. The indicators needed for the analysis were taken from the GUS Local Data Bank. In the work to develop a ranking of partner communes, the Hellwig method was used, while the analysis of the functional area as a whole was based on the arithmetic mean of the individual commune indicators.
THE EFFECT OF A MODERN E-CONSUMER ON E-COMMERCE
Authors: TWORZYDŁO DARIUSZ , TOBIASZ MAGDALENA , SZYMAŃSKI WOJCIECH
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is an analysis of the relation between an online consumer and an online store that shapes the e-commerce sector. The article shows the results of the survey research conducted among e-consumers. Its focus was on customers’ preferences determining the choice of an online store. Online consumers’ characteristic and their attitude during the shopping process, became the basis for determining their influence on e-commerce.
ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND AN ELEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: SIEMIANOWSKA EWA , RADZYMIŃSKA MONIKA , KOSEWSKA AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

The research presented in the paper is an attempt to identify consumers’ attitudes towards using unconventional raw materials in food production, which are alternative protein sources in human diet.The qualitative study was carried out with the method of focus group interviews. There were two focus sessions consisting of free discussions guided by a moderator according to quite a general scenario, which contained only the problem questions raised during each meeting. The individual blocks of problems focused on the perception and emotional attitude to insects as raw material for food production. The study involved the free association technique, in which respondents finished sentences connected with some free associations, feelings.The qualitative studies reported in this paper have shown that the knowledge of consumers about the nutritive qualities of insects is very scanty. On the one hand, insects as a food ingredient evoked negative connotations; on the other hand, some consumers had a positive attitude to the dishes and food items they were shown. To accept such type of products and to overcome consumers’ aversion, a key role can be played by the way they are processed, cooked and served. Further consumer research in this scope should set an aim to determine the profile of potential consumers, willing to accept such type of food products, and these consumers are most likely to be young people and athletes.
THE YOUNG FARMER PAYMENT SCHEME UNDER THE FIRST PILLAR OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Authors: SADŁOWSKI ADRIAN
Published: November 2022

The article analyses the construction of the Young Farmer Payment Scheme, which is part of the First Pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy, and the range of decisions made by the EU member-states with respect to this instrument. Apart from that, the member-states have been grouped according to the implementation variants referring to individual issues concerning payments for young farmers. The article also presents the significance of this instrument of support in Poland.
TAXONOMIC MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN RURAL AREAS OF POLAND
Authors: BĄK IWONA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is the assessment of the spatial diversification of rural areas inPoland, in terms of quality of the natural environment. The study covered years 2006 and 2014, making it possible to detect changes of the phenomena. Linear ordering of rural areas across voivodeships was carried out using the zero unitarization method. The research shows that rural areas in Polish voivodships exhibit spatial differentiation in terms of environmental quality. This is related to the overall socio-economic development of these areas, the level of industrialization, etc.Because the part of areas are characterized by unfavorable indicators of the quality of the environment, the attention should be paid to the need to undertake effective actions to protect the environment and to rationalize use of it.
RELATIONS BETWEEN HARD COMPETENCES LEVEL AND EARNINGS IN LIGHT OF SURVEY ON HUMAN CAPITAL IN POLAND
Authors: GRZEŚKOWIAK ALICJA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to quantify the degree of relationship between the level of hard competencies and earnings. The analyzes are based on data from the survey on Human Capital in Poland. Four areas of competences are considered: information analysis, computer skills, mathematical skills, and dealing with the technical equipment. The differences in average earnings are presented according to the level of declared skills. A joint measure of competences is also proposed, and its values are compared with earnings. The analyses show that there are meaningful relations between the level of competences and the received remuneration.
SPATIAL DIVERSIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL DWELLING STOCK IN POLAND
Authors: OLEŃCZUK-PASZEL ANNA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the spatial diversification of the size and condition of the municipal dwelling stock in Poland. The study used the data which referred to voivodship and year 2015, and which came from the GUS publication Housing Economy in 2015. The paper identifies the potential of the municipal dwelling stock using Hellwig’s development measure. In context of the adopted criterion a linear ordering of Polish voivodships and typological groups of objects hasbeen made. There spatial diversification of voivodships in terms of the municipal dwelling stock potential was observed. The value of the measure reflecting the size and condition of the municipal dwelling stock is low in Polish voivodships. The most numerous class of voivodships (50%) is the middle class of the studied phenomenon.
NATURAL, AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS DEFINING DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM IN THE KOŚCIERSKI DISTRICT
Authors: PRUS PIOTR , ROMAN MICHAŁ , RAMCZYKOWSKA AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to present the natural, agricultural and economic factors determining the development of rural tourism in the district of Kościerzyna. The study was attended by all the owners of agritourism farms from the county Kościerski (44 people). The significant problem that concerns the farmers of the Kościerski District, is a small farm area of low class valuation, and consequently, low income from agricultural production and not enough resources to maintain families. The research shows that in the Kashubian agritourism is a kind of activity that brings significant revenue.
NETWORK COOPERATION OF THE COURTS IN POLAND
Authors: BANASIK PRZEMYSŁAW , KUCZEWSKA JOANNA , ODLANICKA-POCZOBUTT MONIKA , MORAWSKA SYLWIA
Published: November 2022

Courts, like other public organizations, are economic actors, but knowledge of network systems from the perspective of the level of organization in the common judiciary is fragmentary and insufficient, including issues of network effect. The aim of this article was to try to fill the cognitive gap concerning the phenomenon of networks functioning in common courts from the perspective of organizational level in the context of heterarchical relations. Key research questions discuss the possibility of judicial cooperation within heterarchical voluntary networks. This article reviews the existing acquis on network cooperation in the judiciary and outlines the desired directions for future research in this area. Such analysis required diversified research methods. Literary studies and empirical research from secondary sources were used. Research also include interviews with presidents and directors of pilot courts.
EMPLOYMENT FLEXIBILITY AS A DETERMINANT OF YOUTH POVERTY
Authors: WĄSOWICZ JAROSŁAW , SĄCZEWSKA-PIOTROWSKA ANNA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to identify the risk of poverty in the youth population, mainly aged 15-24 in the European Union, with particular emphasis on the employment of so-called flexible forms of employment. The specific aim of the article is to investigate the interdependencies between the selected variables that determine the phenomenon of economic poverty and the proportion of young people with flexible employment (part-time and temporary work). Taking into account the availability and comparability of the statistical data, selected statistical characteristics have been included to describe the economic poverty of youth and their situation on the labour markets in the European Union. As a measure of youth poverty aged 15-24, the risk of poverty, the rate of severe material deprivation, and the proportion of people living in low work intensity households were taken into account. The analysis period covers the years 2004-2015. The main source of statistics is the Eurostat base. The study covered all EU Member States (being members on the date of data collection), regardless of the moment of EU accession. Theanalysis uses simple statistical methods to investigate the correlation between the selected variables and the dispersion measure. As a source of data to address the risk of youth poverty the findings of EU-SILC were used.
MANAGEMENT OF VAT ON THE PURCHASE OF A CAR IN THE BUSINESS
Authors: BURCHART RENATA
Published: November 2022

The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of the new provisions of the Act of VAT in force in Poland after 1 April 2014, for the purchase of cars, spare parts and fuel for the car companies. New rules introduced general presumption use by taxpayers of vehicles both for business and for private purposes. In this case, the taxpayer is entitled to deduct 50% VAT fromthe purchase invoice passenger car, the lease and all operating costs, including the purchase of fuel.If the taxpayer declares the use of a car for business purposes, then he is entitled to 100% reimbursement of VAT, but must prove a meticulous records.As follows from the study presented in the simulation, on the purchase of a car in a variety of prices, under an operating lease, the new rules of VAT are more favorable to business buyers more expensive cars.
EXPLORATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: ZALEWSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: November 2022

This article in a synthetic way describes the issues of renewable energy sources. The analytical approach to the problem is already addressed to the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Current uses of RES equipment and the proposal of eco-energy policy for the coming years for Podlasie are shown. The exploitation was carried out on the basis of a review of available literature andinformation provided by institutions working in the area and for renewable energy (Department of Agriculture of Podlaskie Marshal Office, Podlaski Agricultural Advisory Center in Szepietowo and Agricultural Market Agency - Regional Center in Bialystok).
UNCONVENTIONAL FORMS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS AS A WAY OF GETTING THROUGH TO CLIENTS
Authors: KUŚMIERZ KATARZYNA ELŻBIETA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to evaluate the popularity of unconventional forms of marketing communication as effective and interesting promotion tools used by companies when interacting with clients. The author has explained the notion of unconventional forms of marketing communication, presented the division and characteristic features of the selected forms ofadvertising such as ambient media, guerrilla marketing, whisper marketing and viral marketing. Aside from the theoretical part, the article examines case studies of the selected advertising campaigns presenting ways of making use of innovative advertising in business.
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLING TOURISM IN URBAN AREAS: THE CASE OF WARSAW AND SURROUNDINGS
Authors: PARZONKO ANNA J.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the conditions for the development of cycling tourism in Warsaw and its surroundings. The paper reviews the most significant demographic and social trends contributing to the development of this form of activity and presents findings of the analysis of cycling infrastructure in Warsaw and its surroundings. In addition, the study involved empirical research conducted with the use of survey technique. The aim of the survey was to understand what views the residents of Warsaw and surroundings hold about the attractiveness of cycling tourism. In the opinion of the respondents it is advisable to extend the bicycle infrastructure and, above all, build more bike paths and bike lanes placeddirectly on the roadway. The vast majority of respondents (68%) do not use bike trails, and 55% evaluated them as merely average.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF SHAPING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: OLEJNICZAK-SZUSTER KATARZYNA
Published: November 2022

Since the late 1960s, more and more attention is paid to the issue related to environmental protection, typing in the assumptions of environmental policy in the concept of sustainable development, not only at the management level of the given state, region, but mainly at the municipal level. The aim of the study is to determine the possibility of shaping the sustainable development of the municipalities based on selected municipalities of the Łódz region.
COMPUTER GAMES FOR ENTERTAINMENT OF CONTEMPORARY YOUTH – SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: WARZECHA KATARZYNA
Published: November 2022

The development of information and communication technologies and the spread of network services have made computers, tablets and smartphones an indispensable tool for work, learning and entertainment. The aim of the research is to present selected social and economic aspects related to computer games, which are the most popular form of e-entertainment incontemporary youth. In 2017, demand for e-entertainment has generated annual revenues of $ 108.9 billion globally. The use of computers and mobile phones (often with Internet access) for games is becoming more and more common among young people, which results in excessive involvement of young people in computer games, especially preferred by men.The main objective of the research is therefore exploration of this phenomenon among the young middle schools, secondary schools and students.
INNOVATIVENESS – THE MODELS OF INNOVATION PROCESSES. THE CONCEPT OF THE DEMAND-BASED APPROACH TO THE MECHANISMS OF INNOVATION
Authors: ZACHŁOWSKI PATRYK
Published: November 2022

The aim of the paper is to discuss the basics of the demand-based approach in the process of creating innovations. The evolution of the model of the innovation process is presented from the linear to the non-linear categories, simultaneously emphasizing the importance and the essence of feedback in the process of creating innovations.
AN APPRAISAL OF RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BADAGRY, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AJISOPE JEREMIAH ADEYINKA
Published: November 2022

Rural areas are an integral part of the human society. They contribute immensely to the economy. Rural entrepreneurship involves the innovative contribution of ideas towards helping to expand the economies of rural areas and by implication, national economies. Rural entrepreneurship is an important yardstick for measuring economic and national development. This study is a critical appraisal of the state of rural entrepreneurship in Badagry local government area of Lagos state,Nigeria. The study is a survey that elicited the objective opinions of respondents (rural entrepreneurs) using the selected indicators that determine the level of rural enterprise development. These indicators were: employee strength, online business presence, level of technology adoption and usage, business capital base and ease of access to business support services. The result of this study shows that businesses within Badagry metropolis are micro-enterprises that do not use technology for business operations, lack presence of their businesses online (especially on social media platforms), have restricted access to business support service from the government and other private agencies in this capacity. In addressing these problems, this study proffered the following solutions: creation of industrial/innovative clusters to conduct business research to help promoterural enterprises, simplification of finance and insurance policies and processes to make it easier for rural entrepreneurs to access the business support services, development of simple home-grown technologies to help business accuracy and forecasting and finally, the organization of business fora and seminars where rural entrepreneurs can gain and disseminate industry-based knowledge among themselves.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF TRANSACTIONAL SECTOR OF AGROCHEMICAL PROVIDING ECONOMY OF RURAL PRODUCERS
Authors: GRAKUN VLADIMIR
Published: November 2022

The reasons for transactional sector as one of basic economy segments ofagrochemical providing of rural producers that purchase the special importance recentlybeing binding components in trade relations between spheres of production andconsumption are given in the article based on generalization of scientific research resultsof domestic and foreign scientists and economists. Theoretical approaches, increases inefficiency cost of chemicalixation of agriculture on the basis of transaction are considered.
ABOUT THE USE FINITE GAME THEORY FOR SOME ECONOMIC ISSUES
Authors: KOWGIER HENRYK
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article was to present on selected examples of the great utility of applying finitegame theory to the study of selected economic issues.
TRANSFORMATION OF OWNERSHIP RIGHTS TO FLATS IN THE HOUSING STOCK MANAGED BY HOUSING COOPERATIVES
Authors: NAPIÓRKOWSKA – BARYŁA AGNIESZKA , WITKOWSKA – DĄBROWSKA MIROSŁAWA
Published: November 2022

Housing cooperatives, operating in Poland for over 120 years, are an important type ofentity on the market of residential real estate properties. The Act on Housing Cooperatives, of 15December 2000, made it possible to transform cooperative rights to flats into separated ownershipby tenants, registered in a Real Estate Register, The resulting changes consist in tenants securingmore legal protection over the right to occupy their dwellings, but also in free turnover, managementand inheritance of owned flats. Until now, 29% of the housing stock has been within housingcooperatives. The article discusses questions of the procedures and te rate of transformation ofcooperative rights to flats into separated onwership rights, as affected by subsequent amendementsto the act. Statistical data were presented that illustrate the course of privatization processes of thehousing stock belonging to housing cooperatives in Poland and in the Province of Warmia andMazury.
LICENSE AGREEMENT AND CONTRACT FOR TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: SZYMURA MONIKA
Published: November 2022

The characteristic of proprietary property rights is their transferable nature. The basic method of consenting to the use of these exclusive rights by a third party is a license agreement, however, it is not uncommon, that property rights are transferred to another entity by contract.Due to the variety of views of the doctrine, as well as the lack of precision of copyright regulations, the issue of the license agreement and the transfer of copyright still raises many doubts. The article is an attempt to discuss the principles of these agreements and the fundamental differences between them. These issues are analyzed on the ground of applicable legal provisions (in particular the Civil Code and the Law on Copyright and Related Rights), which indicates the practical nature of the work.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: STROIŃSKA EWA
Published: November 2022

New Public Management is a new way of leading and organizing work in the public institutions. Implementation of this solution requires changes in the managing process connected with all organizational resources. The main principle of New Public Management is knowledge and appropriate management of this resource. The aim of the article is to describe chosen methods of New Public Management and knowledge management. The article consists of a theoretical and empirical part. Both parts of the publication were created using the qualitative method, theoretical background being the result of the analysis of existing materials - literature on the subject. The empirical part is a report on pilot studies. Research was carried out through interviews with public administration employees. The main hypothesis put in the research is: Public institutions use knowledge management processes and they implement specific processes in the field of NPM.
IMPACT OF THE CSR CONCEPT ON THE IMAGE OF A ENTERPRISE
Authors: HORNIK STANISŁAW
Published: November 2022

The presented work is an attempt to assess the understanding of the modern economic system by Poles. It seems that the economic system proposed by the developed countries has also been adopted in our country. This system is based on the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business practice. It is currently accepted by business units and serves the public well.The conducted research proves the rationality of such an approach. The concept of corporate social responsibility implemented by economic entities brings benefits to them and at the same time is well perceived by the society. It has a positive impact on the company's image.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT AS A PROMOTION TOOL IN THE CONSUMER'S OPINION
Authors: KOWALKOWSKI ANDRZEJ , RUDZEWICZ ADAM , CIEĆWIERZ ANETA , ORZECHOWSKI KAZIMIERZ
Published: November 2022

Continuous development of marketing led to the creation of a new marketing communication tool, which is product placement.The main purpose of the conducted research was to determine the recognition of activities by consumers in the field of product placement, the impact of product placement on the attitudes of consumers and their relation to this form of promotion. The research was based on a specially prepared questionnaire, which was completed by the respondents using an online survey.The analysis of the collected material allows to formulate the following conclusions. It should be noted that product placement in television programs is very well recognized by the recipients. Especially visual placement, which takes place in TV series and culinary programs. Promoted products are usually food products and mobile networks. In the majority of respondents, this form of promotion does not raise any objections. They like its very much and declare the willingness to buy products promoted in this way. Product placement is a form of promotion better accepted than advertising and it should be seen in the future in promoting products.
SELF-SUPPLY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES AND ITS IMPORTANCE BASED ON CONSUMER RESEARCH
Authors: OLEWNICKI DAWID , KUŹMA NATALIA , ŁAŹNY RADOSŁAW
Published: November 2022

The aim of the research is to evaluate the role of self-supply in fruits and vegetables among consumers from various socio-economic groups, based on surveys. The approach to self-management was also analyzed, depending on selected factors characterizing respondents such as: age, sex, education, place of residence and income of consumers. As a background for research, general trends regarding the share of self-supply in fruit and vegetables among total consumers, including in relation to particular socio-economic groups in 2004-2015 presented on the basis of data from IERiGŻ and GUS (household budget surveys).The analyzes presented indicate that the importance of self-supplying in fruits and vegetables on the farms have clearly dropped over the last dozen or so years. This applies not only to the general decline, but also to all socio-economic groups.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF VOIVODSHIPS IN POLAND
Authors: ROKICKI TOMASZ , GOLONKO MAGDALENA
Published: November 2022

The main aim of the study was to present the elements of sustainable development and to define the areas in which the reduction and increase of the disproportions between the voivodships takes place. The sources of materials were domestic and foreign literature, statistical data of the CSO. The research covered the period 2005-2015. The descriptive, graphical and tabular methods, dynamics indexes, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze and present the collected material. In the research it was stated that voivodships were still very differentiated. The equalization of differences was only in the aspect of economic and environmental activity. In other areas of sustainable development the differences have deepened. Policy makers should choose more effective instruments to better equalize disparities between regions.
DETERMINATION OF FAMILY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND AT EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES PERSPECTIVE
Authors: KRUPA MARIAN
Published: November 2022

Family business development in Poland, as much as in EU countries, represents true phenomenon that requires systematic research and analysis. In spite of all family business fall within to the same economic rules as others, they are very often covered by the idealistic imagination. There is no doubt, one of the most important value that appears and develops within family business is related to mutual help and altruism. On the other hand, family business management has to be related both to social values and economic ones. It often leads to all kinds of internal and external conflicts. It is necessary to remember that family businesses represent globally 90% of all entrepreneurships.
DETERMINANTS STARTING PROFESSIONAL GRADUATES OF HIGHER EDUCATION - ANALYSIS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors: LISZKA-KONIECZNY MAGDALENA , BARWIŃSKA-MAŁAJOWICZ ANNA
Published: November 2022

The transition process between education and the labor market depends mainly on the education of graduates as well as on their remaining career capitals. In the article, we analyze the professional career paths of graduates of first and second cycle studies as well as uniform Master studies at the University of Rzeszów. The purpose of this article is to obtain information allowing to adapt courses of study and education programs to the current needs of the labor market. In the first part, the theories of the labor market are briefly characterized. Next, the conditions of the first employment were presented in the light of surveys on the career fate of graduates of the University of Rzeszów. The whole closes the summary of the deliberations.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISES BEHAVIOR ON THE MARKET
Authors: MALINOWSKA MAGDALENA
Published: November 2022

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is a social business responsibility. It defines itself as business management based on conscious and balanced operation. Enterprises that decide on CSR build a positive image on the market, which has an impact on the competitive advantage. The theoretical part discusses issues related to the CSR strategy and its links with companies on the market. In the further part of the article, the results of research by various authors were presented.
REAL ESTATE FEES DUE TO THE CHANGE IN ITS VALUE
Authors: JĘDRAK JOANNA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to present the fees charged to property owners or perpetual usufructees for increasing the value of real estate they own or perpetual users. At the beginning, the basic concepts related to planning fees, also referred to as planning rents, adjacency payments and fees for perpetual usufruct were defined. The study presents the economic effects of these fees and who and for what purpose makes a valuation of the real estate. On the basis of legal acts concerning the discussed issue, the procedure of proceeding was also comprehensively presented, depending on the existing cause affecting the change in the value of the property.
ECOPORTS AS A COMPREHENSIVE SELECTIVE COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR WASTE OF SZCZECIN CITY
Authors: PRADZIADOWICZ MONIKA
Published: November 2022

The article presents selected results regarding the operation and functioning of Ecoports in Szczecin. The analysis was based on data obtained from the Municipal Services Office in Szczecin (ZUK). From year to year, awareness of residents and regular use of existing Selective Municipal Waste Collection Points is growing.In recent years, over 366 thousand inhabitants visited Ecoports. Most often, the inhabitants of Szczecin hand over construction and demolition waste to the Ecoports, as well as the overall size of waste, used electronic and electrical equipment. The next part of the publication presents the most important legal regulations regarding waste management rules in Poland. These regulations oblige municipalities to maintain cleanliness and order in the commune and create separate collection points for municipal waste.
CONCEPT AND ESSENCE OF TOTAL REWARDS - MUTUAL BENEFITS FOR THE COMPANY AND ITS EMPLOYEES
Authors: KLAJA-GAWEŁ BEATA
Published: November 2022

Dynamic changes resulting from changing market needs determine adapt to these changes, also in the field of compensation management. From the viewpoint of effective organization management, compensation management is based on formulation and implementation of such strategies, procedures and processes that aim to appropriate reward employees with material resources and intangible rewards. Understood in this way compensation is called Total Rewards. The paper presents an attempt to systematize knowledge, clarify the concept Total Reward in Polish and to present its essence.
INNOVATION IN A LOCAL TOURISM MARKET – THEORY AND PERSONAL STUDY
Authors: STYCH MAREK
Published: November 2022

The objective of this article is a restricted study of the relationship between accepted innovations in tourism and the promotion of a product in a specific tourist area. This entails first, introduces said innovation, and second, traditional qualities and tourist attractions. Contemporary innovation is an important economic element and a stimulating factor for economic development. Tourism as such, is an area of socio-economic life whose foundation is natural features translating into tourist attractions.The article analyzes selected aspects associated with the selected topic:- the concept of innovation,- legality of innovation in tourism, and- assessment of innovative activity in a selected case study.The study employs the study of legal doctrine and empirical research i.e. diagnostic survey and questionnaire techniques.The locale studied is the Pokój Commune in the Opole Voivodship which is endeavoring to gain health resort status, and which undoubtedly has many natural qualities.The article ends with summary remarks.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS FROM POLAND AND LITHUANIA AND THEIR DETERMINANTS - SELECTED RESULTS OF SURVEY FINDINGS
Authors: ŁĄCKA IRENA , BUCKIŪNIENĖ OLGA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to present the state of entrepreneurship of students from Poland and Lithuania and to determine the conditions for their decision to create their own company. The article have theoretical and empirical nature. For the purpose of studying the problem, methods of literature analysis, a diagnostic survey with a survey technique and a comparative analysis were used. In the article after discussing the theoretical aspects of entrepreneurship, the results of surveys of entrepreneurial attitudes among two groups of students - Polish and Lithuanian - were presented. They allowed to analyze the entrepreneurial attitudes and behavior of students and their tendency to create their own business. In addition, they revealed the determinants of choosing the form of professional activity and the entrepreneurial attitude of Polish and Lithuanian students. The obtained results indicate that students from both countries showed entrepreneurial attitudes and were willing to create their own company. However, they noticed the existence of quite significant barriers and difficulties in creating their own business.
CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: MICIUŁA IRENEUSZ
Published: November 2022

The article presents the current state of challenges that the European Union faces in the field of climate and energy policy for sustainable development. As part of the triad of goals, the implementation of ensuring the security of supply and competitiveness of the EU countries was shown while maintaining the absence of negative climate change. The aim of the article is to evaluate contemporary activities in the field of energy and climate and forecast possible development prospects depending on the implementation of the most likely international initiatives in this field.
ZRÓWNOWAŻONY ROZWÓJ W STRATEGIACH MAŁOPOLSKICH GMIN – WYBRANE ASPEKTY
Authors: KMAK MAŁGORZATA
Published: November 2022

Local government plays a pivotal role in launching and making activities to promote sustainable development. Adjusting local skills to the needs of the communities; environmental conservation to minimise the consumption of natural resources, waste generation, and pollution; the participation of local agents in programming and decision-making processes; general access to basic services, and respect to cultural heritage are but a few sustainable development areas. The above areas have been included in sustainable development strategies for communes in the Malopolska region. The paper sets out to present the determinants of sustainable development on the local level based on the analysis of selected sustainable development strategies for communes in Malopolska. Local authorities have tools that are suitable for promoting sustainable development, including strategic documents, and target funds as well as the ability to cooperate with other units and local communities. This implies the following research question: are these tools being deployed in a way that is effective enough to bring satisfactory results considering both sustainable development indicators and the residents of a given local government unit?
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY OF FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS IN SIEDLCE
Authors: SERGIEJ PRZEMYSŁAW , CZAPSKI GRZEGORZ
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the problem of customer service in fast-food locals in Siedlce. The aim of this elaboration is to present management of customer service in fast-food restaurants operating in the city of Siedlce. During the work on research problem, the national literature and own surveys were used. The survey covered evaluation of customer service satisfaction in fast-food locals in the area within a given city. In the first part of this article the most important concepts related to service and the customers were discussed. In the further part the results of the survey about quality of the service offered in locals In Siedlce were shown. The survey was taken using a questionnaire in paper form.
SELECTED MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS
Authors: WINNICKI TOMASZ , GŁOWACKI BARTOSZ
Published: November 2022

In order to get acquainted with the problem of production of plant equipment. Most often commented by surveyed farmers. However, it is a problem that human factor has no influence. Another problem arising from the analysis of own research is the lack of a farm development plan. Over a longer period of time it can cause poor use of resources available to the farm. Researched subjects take benefits from external support in the form of all kinds of training that complement the deficits of knowledge and experience. They also use software supporting plant production management. The lack of available land and high rent costs are an important factor limiting the development of plant production.
BARRIERS TO CONDUCT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES FROM PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: MAGREL EWA , MISIEWICZ ELŻBIETA IZABELA
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the problems related to limitations when conducting business activity by microenterprises. Empirical studies indicate that after one year of operation a significant part, about 1/3 of micro-enterprises disappeared from the market. Problems related to the maintenance of microenterprises on the market suggest the occurrence of many inconveniences related to running your own business. The main aim of this article is to analyze the barriers that arise when establishing and running a business, with particular emphasis on the situation among microenterprises in the Podlasie region. In order to identify these barriers, a survey of 183 microenterprises was conducted in May-June 2017. The respondents indicated financial and administrative barriers as the main limitation during establishment, while high fees and taxes were considered the main factor hindering business operations.
TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN ENERGY SECTOR AS DETERMINANT OF CHANGES EXPECTED IN POLISH COMPANIES
Authors: KAZOJĆ KATARZYNA , OBRYCKI NORBERT
Published: November 2022

The article demonstrates the importance of energy sector development in a proper economy growth. It presents trends influencing innovations in this sector and also set the direction of changes while focusing on the adaptive actions the polish companies ought to implement. There are introduced examples of energy sector innovation enterprises that significantly impact the sector's effectiveness as well as address sector's stakeholders expectations. The article makes it clear that global results can be achieved only by gradual companies' reorientation in the direction of innovation and attention to sustainable energy development.
INNOVATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FARMS
Authors: MAJ JAROSŁAW
Published: November 2022

These days, in farming, similarly to the other sectors of economy, innovations play a key role. Innovations are an indispensable factor in the improvement of production efficiency and cost reduction and contribute to the advancement in competitiveness of farm households. It is necessary to overcome the innovation barriers appearing in these households. And this process is maintained by the introduction of tools supporting the implementation of innovations as part of the Common Agricultural Policy. Farming households most often decide to implement the innovations by purchasing modern machines and devices (process innovations) as well as by changing the production objectives and the applied species of plants and animal species (product innovations). Thanks to these novelties, the farming households reach the growth in the generated production and decrease the costs of the farming business activity. Implementing innovations – in view of the growing competition pressure – should, however, be the continuous and complex process.
SOME REMARKS ON THE COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM IN THE MODEL OF K.J. ARROW- G. DEBREU - L. MCKENZI
Authors: KOWGIER HENRYK
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article was the author's proof of occurrence the competitive equilibrium in the model of K.J. Arrow - G.Debreu - L.McKenzie , which is optimal in the Pareto sense. The subject of the research is the occurrence of equilibrium in the model of K.J. Arrow - G.Debreu - L.McKenzie. To carry out the proof, besides economic knowledge, a mathematical method was applied with the use of such scientific disciplines as mathematical analysis, topology and multidimensional geometry.
SOURCES OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF E-COMMERCE ENTERPRISES
Authors: ORZOŁ MICHAŁ
Published: November 2022

E-commerce as a type of economic activity is characterized by a high dynamics of changes that take place under the influence of many external factors, and are the result of strategies implemented by the company. The purpose of the article is to define the sources of competitive advantage of e-commerce enterprises in Poland based on the assessment made by their managers.
SYSTEMS FOR IMPLEMENTING LINE INVESTMENTS IN POLAND
Authors: KAROLAK MARCIN
Published: November 2022

The subject of this study is the description and analysis of the basic systems for the implementation of infrastructure investments. The analysis are carried out on the basis of investments carried out by the largest public investor in Poland, the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways - GDDKiA. The description of individual investment implementation systems is described in detail, starting from the "Build" system through the "Design and Build" system, up to the indirect solution which was the "Optimize and Build" System. The author of this study indicates significant differences in the above-mentioned Investment implementation systems, describing the risk distribution between the participants of the investment process. In the summary of this study, the interpretation is be based on the assumptions about the impact of individual Systems on reducing the costs of investment implementation. There is a risk that by incorrect description of requirements indicated in PFU, restrictions referring to the optimization process, investments implemented in the "Design and Build" and "Optimize and Build" modes may not bring the intended expectations in the form of savings in investment implementation or bring much smaller rather than possible savings.
MARKET OF A LUXURY GOODS AND SERVICES IN ENGLAND
Authors: KASZTALSKA ANASTAZJA MAGDALENA
Published: November 2022

The luxury goods and services market has always been an important sector of the England economy. Consumers' decisions to buy exclusive goods are a result from historical, economic, cultural and geographic conditions. Customers of a luxury goods in England have much in common, but they have completely different motives that guide them when they buy luxury goods. The article aims are to clarify what is the luxury for English customers, what are its determinants and what makes them feel the product is an exclusive item. The most important goal of the article is to specify the reasons why the British buy luxury goods.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: BÓRAWSKI PIOTR , KUPTSOVA MARIIA , SLIS ANDRII , WYSZOMIERSKI RAFAŁ
Published: November 2022

Biogas is an alternative renewable energy source in Europe. The feedstock (biomass) for biogas can be waste from various industries. There are two methods of biogas generation that allow processing of organic waste into an accessible energy resource: thermal and chemical. This article also discusses the environmental aspects of using biogas as a safe source for the environment. From an economic point of view, the large-scale implementation of the biogas industry was achieved by highly developed countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, this technology is not available in all countries. The direction of biogas production is considered very promising and over time a significant increase in biogas plants is expected.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN POLAND
Authors: KACPERSKA ELŻBIETA
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an analysis of foreign direct investment in terms of regional differences was conducted. The analysis covered the period 2010-2016. The analysis shows that the distribution of investors in Poland is varied regionally. Regions particularly attractive for foreign investors were Mazowieckie, Śląskie i Wielkopolskie. In contrast, Lubelskie, Podlaskie i Warmińsko-Mazurskie are regions where foreign investors are the least.