bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bright- and Blind-Spots of Science: Why Objective Knowledge is not Enough to Resolve Environmental Controversies
Authors: Carolan Michael S.
Published: August 2008

This article investigates why science often does not speak with one voice within the context of environmental controversies. I argue that sociologists must be willing to turn to those processes and phenomena that are internal to science. In doing this, we find that many environmental conflicts are products, at least in part, of science itself. What is it about science that helps to breed these conflicts? In answering this question, this article first reflects upon the effects that disciplinary and methodological diversity have on scientific disputes. Attention then turns to the topics of proof and consensus, highlighting how these terms have often been employed to amplify conflict. I then speak to how science presupposes values. The article concludes by making policy-relevant suggestions about how to `do' environmental science in a way that acknowledges its various epistemic bright- and blind-spots.
The Psalms of Solomon and the New Testament: Intertextuality and the Need for a Re-Evaluation
Authors: Embry Brad
Published: August 2008

The Jewish Pseudepigraphic work Psalms of Solomon ( Pss. Sol.), which contains one of the first examples of the phrase 'Lord's Anointed' outside the New Testament, is commonly used in christological discussions center ing on Christ's self-perception. Often Pss. Sol.'s 'Christology' is misinter preted by New Testament scholarship, which anachronistically colors the messianic motif in Pss. Sol. with New Testament categories. Pseudepigrapha specialists, moreover, contribute to the problem by suggesting that the document is something of an ad hoc composition. As a result, the messianic motif in the document is detached from the rest of the document. This article argues that, in fact, the document presents a cohesive thesis, and that the messianic motif functions in a particular role within that thesis. As such, it is suggested that the messianic motif in Pss. Sol. is comprehensible only within the purview of this central thesis.
The History of the Rechabites and the Jeremiah Literature
Authors: Nikolsky Ronit
Published: August 2008

The article examines the cultural milieu of the History of the Rechabites. Following a comparison with early Midrash (Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai) and pointing out similarities with Hegesippus and later Chris tian writings about the Rechabites, it is the conclusion of this article that The History as we have it is a Christian composition, from the fourth cen tury CE. It originated in a monastic milieu, the work of an author who was familiar with Jeremiah literature. The apocryphon attributes to the Rechab ites features which characterize the Ten Lost Tribes. It is the first instance where such a connection is made, one that will be more and more widely spread in later centuries.
Viewed from Another Angle: Purity and Impurity in the Book of Jubilees
Authors: VanderKam James C.
Published: August 2008

This article is a response to several points made by Liora Ravid in an article that appeared in an earlier issue of this journal ('Purity and Impurity in the Book of Jubilees', JSP 13.1 [2002], pp. 61-86). The principal objection to Ravid's attempt to read Jubilees' approach to purity/impurity in light of second-century BCE concerns is that Jubilees is deeply influenced by the scriptures it was rewriting. The author tried to reflect the situation in Genesis and the first half of Exodus when there was no sanctuary and thus no ritual prescriptions regarding purity to accompany it. As a result, Jubilees should not be read in the first instance as a rejection of the second-century temple cult with its laws of purity and means for purification.
Portrayals of Spanish in 19th-century American prose: María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's The Squatter and the Don
Authors: Moyna María Irene
Published: August 2008

This article analyzes the portrayals of Spanish in The Squatter and the Don (1885), a novel written in English by María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, a Baja Californian who immigrated to Alta California at the time of its annexation to the USA in 1848 and became the first Hispanic American woman writer. Her novel had an ideological purpose, namely, to denounce the land dispossession of the Californios — i.e. Hispanic settlers in California during the Spanish-Mexican period — and to propose an alliance between the Anglo and Hispanic elites. It also had a financial purpose, since writing was for Ruiz de Burton one of many ways in which she attempted to achieve financial prosperity. The representation of language was thus dictated not just by linguistic or aesthetic considerations, but also by the author's interpretation of the conditions prevalent in late 19th-century California, where Spanish had become subordinate to English. Ruiz de Burton's positive attitude towards bilingualism is revealed in her portrayal of protagonists as proficient in both languages. Yet, her awareness of the biases and limitations of her intended Anglo readership is also evident in the fact that Spanish use in the novel is sporadic and restricted. Comparison of her literary and non-literary code mixing highlights some consistent differences between both text types providing additional evidence of Ruiz de Burton's purposeful manipulation of linguistic codes in her artistic production.
Gender Strategies in Antiquity: Judith's Performance
Authors: Sawyer Deborah F.
Published: August 2008

Although the construction of gender as inherently hierarchical, patriarchal and heterosexually biased has been all-pervasive in society, there has been an equally consistent pattern of deconstruction, evident from antiquity to the present day. Perhaps surprisingly one can see this subversive gender play being utilized by biblical authors. This paper focuses on the story of the female heroine, Judith, as an illustration of gender subversion in the ancient world. Judith is allowed to break traditional gender constraints and stride across the gender spectrum. The author of the book of Judith uses the device of unconventionality to subvert the readers' expectations. In permitting Judith to transcend gender roles and boundaries, the power of the deity is emphasized.
The Complete Gospel : Jesus and Women via the Jesus Seminar
Authors: Jackson Glenna S.
Published: August 2008

This paper utilizes the Jesus Seminar Database in order to construct a profile of Jesus's words and deeds concerning women-as far as this can be constructed from the biblical evidence. The thesis is that those gospel stories that are thought to be fairly reliable historically and which include women as major characters capture the authentically historical Jesus. Furthermore, the stories that concern women-starting with the unmarried pregnant woman Mary and ending with a woman's vision of the resurrected Lord-when set down together, provide the essential and complete Gospel.
The Tree, the Cross and Global Capitalism
Authors: Isherwood Lisa
Published: August 2008

Has Christianity, a religion with incarnation at its heart, devalued the flesh through an over-emphasis on the cross? In this article Lisa Isherwood's response is an overwhelming 'yes'. Isherwood argues that the devaluation of the flesh has hindered Christianity's efforts to address the genocidal realities of global capitalism. She suggests that a return to the tree found in Eden and sensuously engaged with by our foremother Eve, will provide a sounder base for the development of a Christo-ethic that can offer alternatives to advanced capitalism.
When Leaving is Believing: The Feminist Ethical Imperative of Mary Daly's Rejection of Traditional Religion
Authors: Pears Angie
Published: August 2008

This article is based in a critical recognition of the determinate influence of Mary Daly's feminist ethical and theological reflection, particularly as found in her earlier work, on the development of Christian feminist theologies. It argues that the content and form of Daly's rejection of traditional religion constitute a clear alignment of feminist commitment with rejection of traditional religion that is fundamentally problematic for those advocating the possibilities of creative and liberative feminist Christian encounters. The rejection of traditional religion is posited as an imperative of feminist consciousness, and as a testimony to feminist realisation. Such is the impact of Daly's critical articulation of the incompatibility of feminism and Christianity; she has influenced a dominant discourse about whether it is possible to be a Christian and a feminist.
Reading the Bible is a Gendered Act
Authors: Arzt Silvia
Published: August 2008

Reading is a creative activity. The reception of a biblical text depends upon the interpreting subject: his or her background, assumptions, experience, cognitive capabilities and — so this paper argues — upon the reader's gender. Two studies of the role of gender in children's reception of biblical texts are examined. The first, by Stuart Charmé, studies the role of gender in children's readings of the Genesis story of Adam and Eve. The second, by Silvia Arzt, studies the role of gender in children's readings of the story of Vashti in 1 Esther. Both studies reveal that the way in which girls and boys react to religious ideas and texts differs significantly. The paper argues that this should be taken more account of in religious education classes.
Embodied Spiritual Consciousness: Beyond Psychology
Authors: Tomm Winnie
Published: August 2008

This article considers whether there is room in the work of Goldenberg, which is characterized as materialist, for spirituality. The author shows how Freudian psychoanalysis gives the opportunity for the body to be resurrected from the place of signifier of death and dissolution. However, it is also argued that it is possible to bring body and spirit together in such a way as to allow the body to flourish. The author argues for a 'thinking through the body' that is best accomplished when grounded in goddess spirituality.
Sacred Dualities*
Authors: Lutzky Harriet
Published: August 2008

This article suggests that we best understand dualisms and polarities in religion if we move beyond the religious systems themselves and focus on human experience. Religion, it is argued, is a symbolic expression of the relational aspects of human life and therefore dualism must be expressing some polarity inherent in human relating. The author argues that dualism can best be understood as part of the attachment-detachment aspect of relating and that gender differences most graphically highlight this dimension.
Divine Daughters of Divine Mothers: Luce Irigaray's Search for Women's Own Divinity
Authors: Sharp Carolyn
Published: August 2008

Patriarchal culture, Luce Irigaray reminds us, is an exclusivist culture among men. Its intolerance of difference isolates women and strips them of their subjectivity. Women are thus reduced to their biological capacity to satisfy men's erotic, social and procreative needs.1 The consequence of this culture for the female child is also important. Unwelcome daughters are excluded from paternal society as fathers seek the sameness of the sons who carry on their names. The concept of women's own divinity is necessary if women are to constitute a sense of purposefulness of existence and identity.
Watching Chariots Pass by: A Personal Reflection on Being Inspired by the Work of Asphodel
Authors: Arrandale Richard
Published: August 2008

In this article, I want to assess the contribution of the work of Asphodel in terms of an idea of inspiration. Through autobiographical and personal reflection, I want to develop an idea of inspiration that owes something to Christ's idea of embodied thinking as well as Antonin Artaud's approach to transformative theatre. What I want to suggest is that part of assessing the contribution of the work of a thinker must include the sense in which she inspires and transforms her readers, making an impact on their lives and the way they see the world. I would argue that such an idea must be seen as being as valuable as any other more traditional academic criteria used to assess the contribution of a person's work.
Feminist Re-imaginings of the Divine and Hartshorne's God: One and the Same?
Authors: Christ Carol P.
Published: August 2008

I hope to open a wider dialogue between process philosophy (as expressed by Charles Hartshorne) and feminist spirituality. Process philosophy can help us to articulate the philosophical implications of feminist revisionings of divine power. Feminist spirituality can help us to understand the wider implications of process philosophy's rethinking of finitude, relationship, the body, and nature.
Blurring Boundaries and Moving Posts: Where Does a Feminist Stand for Justice?
Authors: Mantin Ruth
Published: August 2008

Starting with the premise that feminist approaches to the study and practice of religion need to be transgressive, this article explores the implications of challenging the boundaries which determine difference. It understands and respects the view that anti-foundational theories might rob feminist projects of their political agency. At the same time, however, it maintains that postmodern and poststructural theories, if appropriated on our own terms, have something to offer feminists in our struggle to enable praxis which dismantles the patterns and structures of domination. The argument is presented from a post-realist thealogical perspective. This entails claiming that the vital contribution of feminist reflection upon the sacred lies not in formulating credal statements but in refiguring the social and cultural imaginary. This article contends that the conscious use of female images for the divine and 'Goddess-talk' has an important part to play in constructing narratives of the sacred which enable relationality and socio/political transformation. It is suggested that a valuable aspect of this process might be to understand spirituality as process and sacrality as performative.
Kairos Comes Too Soon: Are Women Priests in Retreat in the Church of England?
Authors: Cornell Jean
Published: August 2008

The article reflects on the silence and apparent passivity of many women priests in the current debate on their representation in the episcopate of the Church of England. The author locates such inactivity in clergy women's fear of militancy, and the absence, in their expression of vocation hopes, of an agenda for the transformation of ecclesial structures. The legal provi sions defining their priesthood, and the lack of organizational strategy to equip them for leadership, foster professional tension and uncertainty as to status and development. Women clergy seem surprisingly ignorant of the debt owed to Christian feminists and their role in the promotion of women's ordination; this needs to be remedied. Unless they support one another, and so inform themselves as to speak out responsibly and courteously for fresh understandings and exercises of authority that are viable for the pre sent, their ordination as priests brings no radical change to the institutional Church, in which their opponents remain articulate and active in dissent.
The Here and Now or the Hereafter: Feminist Theology and Women's Experience in Conflict
Authors: Clark-King Ellen
Published: August 2008

Feminist theology is committed both to listening to the voices of women outside the academy and to challenging all theology that is oppressive to women. This article discusses the tension between these two imperatives when women inside and outside the academy disagree about what is oppressive. The lens through which this is explored is that of differing views about finitude and eternity between feminist academics and working-class women in the north-east of England. This article is an attempt to make sure that the questions are raised rather than an attempt at a definitive solution.
To Explore Whether the Concept of 'Dark' as Expressed in Theology Can Be Reconciled in Any Way to the 'Dark' of Thealogy
Authors: daCosta Jacqueline
Published: August 2008

In this article, I seek to find a way to reconcile two seemingly irreconcilable concepts. In traditional theology, darkness usually represents something bad, if not downright evil. For the thealogian, however, darkness is an aspect of the Goddess, one that needs to be embraced to achieve whole- ness. I therefore seek a common source in pre-patriarchal texts to suggest a way forward towards acknowledging the wisdom of the Dark Goddess and its value to a world riven by duality.
'I Like the Bird': Luke 13.34, Avian Metaphors and Feminist Theology
Authors: Beavis Mary Ann
Published: August 2008

Starting from two well-known avian metaphors for Godde, this article explores non-human and specifically avian imagery for the divine in a variety of contexts, including the Hebrew Bible, the Jewish tradition, the ancient Near East and contemporary world religions. The imagery has wide-ranging symbolic reference. It has the advantage of being counter to the androcentric and anthropocentric bias of much language about Godde, and reflecting the potential of birds and animals to image Godde.
Women and Discipleship: Reflections on the Work of the Margaret Beaufort Institute as it Celebrates its Tenth Anniversary
Authors: Watkins Clare
Published: August 2008

As the Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology, Cambridge, celebrates its tenth anniversary the Vice-Principal reflects on the emerging charism of this house of study and prayer for Roman Catholic women. In describing first of all the structural patterns of life and courses available at the Institute, some sense of the shape of the central core of Margaret Beaufort's purpose begins to be disclosed. This 'inner secret' gains sharper definition through reflection on the women who have been a part of the Institute's life; their diverse yet shared sense of vocation, typified by risk and openness to God's unknown future fleshes out the nature of the Institute's charism. Finally, the idea of the development of Christian 'intellectual' discipleship is explored, through the experiences of working, praying and studying at the Institute. What emerges is a fresh way of looking at the particular contribution made by a group of Catholic women to this discipleship of intellect, transcending limitations of gender questions, whilst remaining true to the particular reality they embody.
Eros and Violence
Authors: Faber Alyda
Published: August 2008

Rita Nakashima Brock, Carter Heyward and Susan Thistlethwaite intend, in their respective theological projects, to create a vision of feminist eros uncomplicated by violence. They envision feminist eros as a means to bring theology back to earth and into the body, and encourage women to seek the good within themselves and their relationships with others. Brock, Heyward and Thistlethwaite resist social injustices, particularly the intertwined structures of patriarchy and multi-national capitalism. According to these feminist theologians, the structures of injustice have sedimented into a seemingly intractable and unobserved geography of habits and attitudes. Brock, Heyward and Thistlethwaite want to expand theological imagination to territories that lie beyond these oppressive systems through a critical feminist perspective, and to recover possibilities inherent in a hitherto unattended and constant feature of the landscape, the connections between all that exists, inanimate, animate, animal, human. This revisioning constitutes a new and dynamic gospel of feminist eros.
World Council of Churches' Project on Overcoming Violence against Women: A Progress Report
Authors: Hood Helen
Published: August 2008

This article provides information about the World Council of Churches' Project on Overcoming Violence against Women and a brief progress report on work done so far since its establishment in September 2000. Included are the 'Dundee Principles' for Churches to implement to overcome violence against women, the setting up of an internet website, and the production of a dossier of good practice that will be presented to the World Council of Churches in 2006. There is a specific invitation to theologians to be in contact with the Project.
Divination, Theology and Healing in an African Context
Authors: Aguilar Mario I.
Published: August 2008

The attachment to the ancestral worship among Africans combines the respect for the dead who are now near the Great One, and the power they have after death over earthly problems. They have control over a lot of earthly elements, and at the same time they are now able to fight the evil spirits which send evil spells on the living. I have heard of a Lenje prayer to the ancestors, which runs as follows: 'You our ancestors who were so good while you were with us. You were kind to us. Help us to have rain. Speak to the High One, the Great Spirit, to send us rain' (Milingo 1977:11)
Josephine Butler and the Social Purity Feminists: Their Relevance at the End of the Twentieth Century
Authors: McGibben Joy
Published: August 2008

There was one kind of equality, one sort of liberation about which nineteenth-century feminists found it embarassing to speak. Higher education for women, better employment opportunities for women, protection at law for women—those were all good, clean, decent issues. Nobody was afraid to voice opinions upon them, nobody ashamed to sign their name on a petition. But the attack on that infamous 'double-standard', which so bedevilled relationships between the sexes in Victorian times did not attract such eager support. Even the bravest of the self-confessed feminists trembled at the implications of involving themselves in that particular fight (Forster 1984: 169).
'Cover not our Blood with thy Silence': Sadism, Eschatological Justice and Female Images of the Divine
Authors: Raphael Melissa
Published: August 2008

And it is known that some remain for ever inconsolable at human woe; so that even God Himself cannot warm them. So from time to time the Creator, Blessed be his Name, sets the clock of the Last Judgement forward by one minute.
J. Ellice Hopkins: The Construction of a Recent Spiritual Feminist Foremother
Authors: Raphael Melissa
Published: August 2008

This article retrieves the contribution of a nineteenth-century proto-feminist activist for the history of the womanspirit movement. But that is not its primary purpose. Above all, the article asks a methodological question: namely, how post-Christian spiritual feminists might claim recent foremothers when most women of spirit have, until the early 1970s, been inspired by Christian patriarchal theology. I argue that Hopkins's direct action can be read as exemplifying female sacrality in action. Her 'rescue' of sexually abused women has, I conclude, a mythical and sacerdotal element that both subverts and transcends its patriarchal context.
Bitten from Behind: Babies, Big Institutions, and Backlash
Authors: Northup Lesley
Published: August 2008

Although the backlash is not an organized movement, that doesn't make it any less destructive. In fact, the lack of orchestration, the absence of a single string-puller, only makes it harder to see—and perhaps more effective... In the last decade, the backlash has moved through the culture's secret chambers, traveling through passageways of flattery and fear. Along the way, it has adopted disguises: a mask of mild derision or the painted face of deep 'concern'.1
The American Fabian Movement
Authors: Jenkin Thomas P.
Published: August 2008

American Fabian socialism was established in what seemed to be propitious circumstances. Its inauguration occurred in a period that had produced a proliferation of populist ideas; it had the example of more than a decade of practice by its English predecessor and model; its leaders included men of capacity and enthusiasm. But in spite of these advantages, American Fabian endured for less than a decade. It is the purpose of this article to examine the development of this movement and to assess the reasons that contributed to the brevity of its existence.
Democracy: Confusion and Agreement
Authors: Ranney Austin , Kendall Willmoore
Published: August 2008

There must be as many different kinds of democracy in this country as there are of Baptists, or even more.... Press-agencies must keep half a hundred assorted encomiums on democracy in standing type, like Western Union's canned messages for Mother's Day.... Every time one of our first-string publicists opens his mouth, a "democracy" falls out; and every time he shuts it, he bites one in two that was trying to get out.1
Determinants of Collaborative Leadership: Civic Engagement, Gender or Organizational Norms?
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy Simon
Published: August 2008

This analysis attempts to unravel competing explanations of collaborative leadership styles of state legislative committee chairs. Specifically, the paper considers the influence of community or volunteer experience, gender, and institutional variables. The data show that women chairs are more likely than their male peers to cite as valuable the leadership skills and experiences that they gain through community and volunteer experience. Compared to their male colleagues, women committee chairs on average also report a greater reliance on collaborative strategies in the management of their committees. Prior community or volunteer experience has little or no direct effect on collaborative styles. In contrast, institutional factors have a much stronger and countervailing influence. Legislative professionalization produces a strong negative effect on collaborative style. Results suggest that conformity to institutional norms may be a more compelling influence than prior community experience. The analysis also points to the gendered nature of organizational leadership with men's and women's styles showing different associations to style depending on the number and power of women in a legislature.
Race and Gender Cues in Low-Information Elections
Authors: Mcdermott Monika L
Published: August 2008

Previous research has demonstrated that in low-information elections voters compensate for a lack of information by taking informational short-cuts, based on candidate cues, to make voting decisions. To date, this research has focused on candidate party identification and incumbency cues. This article argues that candidate demographic cues, specifically race and gender, also play an influential role. Unlike past psychological research that focuses on potential voter bias against women or black candidates, this article examines the informational content of voters' stereotypes about women and black candidates, and how these stereotypes affect voting behavior. I use quasi-experimental data from the Los Angeles Times Poll to demonstrate that candidate gender and candidate race signal voters in two different ways. Voters stereotype candidates ideologically: women and black candidates are stereotyped as more liberal than the average white male. Voters also stereotype candidates on issues: black candidates are seen as more concerned with minority rights than whites; while women candidates are viewed as more dedicated to honest government. As a result, voters choose candidates for office based on how much they agree or disagree with the ideological and issue positions they attribute, through stereotyping, to candidates.
Representational Concentration and Interest Community Size: A Population Ecology Interpretation
Authors: Lowery David , Gray Virginia
Published: August 2008

We extend Gray and Lowery's (1996) work on interest community concentration in ways that generate novel insights about several of the empirical and theoretical controversies on interest system diversity found in the literature. This explanation, which suggests that interest community diversity is an artifact arising from the distinct growth processes of the different types of interests found in the community, is tested with highly detailed and complete data on the diversity of state interest communities, demonstrating that the empirical relationship between diversity and interest system size can be replicated solely from knowledge about the density functions of interest guilds.We use these findings both to evaluate the population ecology model's interpretation of diversity and to comment on several substantive issues raised in the larger literature on interest representation.
Use of prescription and nonprescription medications and supplements by cancer patients during chemotherapy: questionnaire validation
Authors: Hanigan Marie H , dela Cruz Brian L , Thompson David M , Farmer Kevin C , Medina Patrick J
Published: August 2008

Background. Cancer patients take medications for coexisting disease and self-medicate with over-the-counter drugs (OTCs). A complete analysis of the use of prescription drugs, OTCs, and supplements during cancer treatment has never been done.

Methods. The study developed and validated a self-administered questionnaire on the use of concomitant medications by patients undergoing treatment with chemotherapy. The questionnaire listed 510 prescription medications, OTCs, and supplements (including vitamins, minerals, and herbs). Fifty-two subjects completed the questionnaire while visiting the infusion clinic to receive chemotherapy. On a subsequent visit the subjects brought their medications to the clinic and a pharmacist reviewed their completed questionnaire.

Results. Ninety-six percent of the subjects reported taking prescription medications within 3 days prior to chemotherapy, 71% reported taking OTCs and 69% reported use of supplements. The subjects took an average of 5.5 (range 0—13) prescription drugs, 2.2 (0—20) OTCs, and 1.9 (0—11) supplements. Twenty-one drugs were each taken by at least 10% of the subjects. Acetaminophen was taken by 59.6% of the subjects. One subject reported taking five acetaminophen-containing drugs. The questionnaire's sensitivity was 92.0%, specificity 99.9%.

Conclusion. Within 3 days prior to chemotherapy, subjects took an average of 9.6 concomitant medications, many of which alter drug metabolism and or disposition. In clinical trials, multivariate analysis of all concomitant medications could add to clinically relevant data to identify drug interactions that negate or potentiate the efficacy of cancer treatment regimens. In some instances, apparent resistance of tumors to chemotherapy may be the result of drug interactions. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 123—130.
Screening and management of osteoporosis in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Gibson Kelli , O'Bryant Cindy L
Published: August 2008

Objective. Breast cancer patients are at an increased risk of osteoporosis due to age, cancer, chemotherapy, and aromatase inhibitor therapy. This retrospective review determined if patients treated with aromatase inhibitors received appropriate screening and management for osteoporosis.

Design. University of Colorado Cancer Center breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitor therapy during July 2005 through July 2006 were studied. Data was collected for each patient from the time of breast cancer diagnosis up to April 2007. The study endpoints included (1) appropriate screening for osteoporosis, (2) incidence of osteoporosis diagnosis, and (3) initiation of appropriate drug therapy for bone loss. Appropriate management was defined as adherence to the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for bone health issues in women with breast cancer.

Results. Of the 54 patients included in this study, 12 (22.2%) had no DEXA scans documented, 22 (40.7%) patients received a baseline DEXA scan and 8 (14.8%) patients received baseline and yearly DEXA scans. During the study timeline, 26 (48%) patients were diagnosed with osteopenia and 4 (7%) patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Forty-one (75.9%) patients received calcium and vitamin D therapy. Bisphosphonate therapy was received by less than one-third of the osteopenic patients and three-fourths of the osteoporotic patients.

Conclusions. The majority of patients were not adequately screened which may have falsely lowered the diagnosis of osteoporosis resulting in omission of drug therapy. All high-risk patients should receive calcium and vitamin D therapy and be evaluated for bisphosphonate therapy. Screening and medical management for osteoporosis in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors is an important area for clinical intervention. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 139—145.
Characterization of the occurrence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity with concomitant aprepitant
Authors: Howell Joshua E , Szabatura Audrea H , Hatfield Seung Amy , Nesbit Suzanne A
Published: August 2008

Purpose. Ifosfamide is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system to its active form, ifosforamide mustard. A potential side effect is neurotoxicity, often manifesting as confusion, hallucination, or seizure. Aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 inhibitor, is recommended for highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens and may interfere with the metabolism of ifosfamide as it inhibits CYP3A4. The objective of the study is to identify if an increase in the incidence of neurotoxicity may be associated with the use of aprepitant with concomitant ifosfamide.

Methods. A retrospective study of inpatients with sarcoma who received a two or four-day regimen of MAI (mesna, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide) between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006 was conducted. Data collection focused on characterizing neurotoxicity of patients receiving ifosfamide with or without aprepitant. Correlation between serum creatinine, albumin, liver function tests, age, gender, and total doses of ifosfamide was examined.

Results. A total of 45 patients received ifosfamide of which 23 (51%) were male and 24 (53%) received aprepitant. All baseline characteristics were similar for those who received aprepitant versus those who did not. No significant differences were noted between patients with or without neurotoxicity for age, gender, or liver enzymes. Eight patients (18%) of 45 developed neurotoxicity of which six (75%) of those patients also received aprepitant. A trend of increased occurrence of neurotoxicity was noted with aprepitant administration (6 vs. 2 patients respectively, p = 0.176), although a statistical difference was not observed. A relative risk of 2.6 (95% CI, 0.47—26.6) was associated with the addition of aprepitant.

Conclusions. An increased risk was identified for ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity associated with aprepitant use; however, the observed difference was not statistically significant. The necessity of aprepitant given in association with ifosfamide may need to be reconsidered due to this risk. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 157—162.
Managing reduced methotrexate clearance in a patient with a heterozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism
Authors: Gammon David C , Bhatt Mansi S , Patel Bhavini , Anderson Meghan , Van Horn Alixis , Glantz Michael J
Published: August 2008

High dose methotrexate has become one of the treatments of choice for patients with primary CNS lymphomas due to its ability to penetrate the blood—brain barrier. A potentially serious complication of this therapy is methotrexate-related nephrotoxicity. We report the case of a patient with a common genetic polymorphism that may have predisposed this patient experience clinically significant toxicity from systemic folate depletion. After the first cycle of chemotherapy that included high dose methotrexate, the patient's serum creatinine rose and the patient's methotrexate level remained above the toxic range for six days. On cycle two, the patient was treated with a 25% dose reduction in methotrexate and more aggressive hydration and alkalization. With this alteration in the regimen, the patient was able to receive six more cycles and had a complete radiographic tumor response in the brain and a disappearance of tumor cells in the CSF without any further renal complications. This case report illustrates the feasibility of administering high dose methotrexate with modifications as a treatment of choice in individuals with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutations. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 153—156.
The Relationship Between Satisfaction with Life, ADHD Symptoms, and Associated Problems Among University Students
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik , Smari Jakob , Susan Young
Published: August 2008

Objective: To ascertain whether ADHD symptoms, and associated problems, are negatively related to subjective well-being. Method: The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was completed by 369 university students, along with the Reasoning & Rehabilitation (R&R) ADHD Training Evaluation (RATE), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV) Scale for current ADHD symptoms, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Results: The SWLS was negatively correlated with all the other measures, and the strongest correlations were with the Total RATE score. A multiple regression analysis showed that the variables in the study accounted for 22% and 25% of the variance of the SWLS among males and females, respectively. Among males poor social functioning was the best predictor of dissatisfaction with life, whereas among females it was poor emotional control. Conclusion: Both ADHD symptoms and associated problems are significantly related to poorer satisfaction with life. ( J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 12(6) 507-515 )
Who is the victim here?
Authors: Dixon Travis L.
Published: August 2008

Participants were exposed to a crime story in a 3 (Victim Race — Black, White, or Unidentified) × 3 (Perpetrator Race — Black, White, or Unidentified) × 2 (Stereotype Endorsement — High, Low) factorial design. Afterwards, participants were asked whether they: a) viewed the featured perpetrator as threatening; b) endorsed punitive crime policies; and c) believed a subsequently described suspect was culpable for his offense. Results revealed that stereotype endorsers were more likely than stereotype rejecters to find the suspect most threatening when he was depicted as African American or was left unidentified. In addition, stereotype endorsers were more likely than rejecters to endorse punitive crime policy. Finally, participants were most likely to find a subsequent suspect culpable after viewing a news story containing a White victim and Black perpetrator. The reverse was true when the news story featured a Black perpetrator and Black victim. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Turf wars?
Authors: Reader Bill
Published: August 2008

The study analyzes professional disagreements over the value of `prepared' letters to the editor, or pre-written letters that supporters of advocacy campaigns can sign and submit to newspapers as their own opinions. Journalists derisively call such letters `astroturf' and disdain the `fake grass-roots' nature of such letters; advocates suggest such `sample letters' help more people to get involved in public discourse. Through an open-ended textual analysis of texts from both camps, the author finds a rhetorical struggle between the two groups that forms a hegemonic concordance through which letters-to-the-editor forums are seen more as battlefields to be defended or conquered than as sites for consensus-seeking debate, which in the end feeds or reflects the hostile and monopolistic nature of modern public discourse.
Long-Distance Transportation of Canine Hearts for Transplantation: The First Experience in Japan
Authors: Morishita Yasuo , Kawakami Toshiaki , Arikawa Kazuhiro , Hashiguchi Masahiko , Harada Taizo , Moriyama Yukinori , Iguro Yoshifumi , Taira Akira , Sakamoto Hiroto
Published: August 2008

Long-distance procurement of canine hearts following preservation by coro nary perfusion was twice attempted by simple cooling under septic conditions. Following cardiac arrest by cardioplegia, the donor heart was excised and switched to a Langendorff's model. Continuous hypothermic, low-pressure cor onary perfusion with a 4 ° C new modified Krebs solution was performed for seventeen hours. Thereafter, the graft was placed in a thermal (4°C) protected environment. In transportation of 2,124 km, automobiles and commercial air lines were used. The total transport and ischemic times were nine and twenty- seven hours, respectively. The myocardial temperature during both the preservation with coronary perfusion and the transportation by immersion was maintained at 5-7°C. After orthotopic transplantation, both grafts provided good support of the recipient circulation for six-hour and seven-hour observa tion periods. No contraction band injury was histologically observed in the myocardial cells, and the electron microscopic study also revealed almost nor mal features of the myocardial cells after transplantation. The present experi ence suggests that long-distance human heart procurement for transplantation may be safely performed using the conventionally available transportation sys tem in Japan and that the donor heart can be viably stored for a long time (twenty-six hours) by the combination method of coronary perfusion and simple cooling.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Prosthetic Valve Disc Dislodgement: Case Reports
Authors: De Maeyer M.H. , Ranquin R.E. , Van Den Heuvel P.A. , Van Den Branden F.L. , D'Heer H.A. , Van Cauwelaert Ph.A. , Parizel G.A.
Published: August 2008

As already stated in other articles, valves of certain types are at risk for dislocation of the disc. In order to demonstrate that this can still occur and that probabilities of dislocation still have to be adapted to in the fu ture, the authors describe three disc dislocations and their outcome. From these cases it is clear that prosthetic disc embolization still has a very high mortality. These case reports also show the necessity of an emergency operation and the different time in tervals available for intervention de pendent on the location of the valve prosthesis (aortic-mitral position). Difficulties of interpreting the chest x-ray can exist owing to the presence of metallic sternal sutures. Whether routine reoperation is necessary in high-risk groups is discussed. Two prosthetic valves with their disrupted minor strut were sent back to the company. The results of extensive study of these valves are discussed.
An Unusual Case of Effort Thrombosis of the Subclavian Vein Successfully Treated by Resection and Saphenous Vein Grafting
Authors: Human Lance
Published: August 2008

An unusual case of effort thrombosis of the left subclavian vein, occurring in a fifteen-year-old girl who indulged in regular, vigorous horseriding, is pre sented. This is the youngest case reported in the world so far. The majority of patients are usually young men and the condition usually involves the right upper extremity.

Complete fibrosis of a segment of the subclavian vein where it crosses the first rib occurred as a result of repeated trauma to the vein from repeated, sudden, forceful muscular contractions of the shoulder girdle due to excessive and vigorous, almost daily horseriding over a fifteen-month period.

Claviculectomy of the medial half of the clavicle with resection of the nar rowed and thrombosed dilated segment and saphenous vein grafting gave an excellent result.
Chronic Perigraft Seroma of a Femoropopliteal PTFE Graft — A Case Report
Authors: Borrero Edgar , Moore Valerie L.
Published: August 2008

Chronic perigraft seromas (CPS) complicating bypass grafts have been re ported with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron), the latter graft material being involved in two thirds of the reported cases. The first case of CPS formation following a femoropopliteal artery bypass with PTFE graft is reported.
A Brachial Pseudoaneurysm at Puncture Site in Behçet's Disease: Case Report
Authors: Onursal Ertan , Bedirhan Mehmet Ali , Kargi Aydin , Barlas Cemil
Published: August 2008

A rare case of brachial pseudoaneurysm at puncture site in a patient with Behçet's disease is presented. The aneurysm developed at the level of the brach ial artery following an erroneous venipuncture. Aneurysmectomy and en doaneurysmorrhaphy were performed successfully. This kind of complication should always be kept in mind, and care must be taken during all invasive procedures in patients with Behçet's disease.
In-Situ Bypass Graft: Comparison of Two Techniques
Authors: Kaynan Arieh , Sheth Mahendra
Published: August 2008

Two techniques of in-situ bypass for lower limb revascularization were com pared over a period of fifteen months (between July, 1986, and October, 1987). Twelve patients underwent surgery employing the Leather and Karmody tech nique (group I). Fourteen patients underwent surgery employing the LeMaitre technique (group II). Throughout the study period, 11 of 12 grafts in group I and all grafts in group II remained patent.

One patient in group I underwent a below-knee amputation. One patient in group II died of myocardial infarction. Skin problems developed in 3 patients (25%) of group I and in 1 patient (7.1%) of group II.

Average time for performance of the procedure was four hours and fifteen minutes with the Leather and Karmody technique and three hours and thirty minutes with the LeMaitre technique. Though both techniques are equally good for limb salvage, the LeMaitre technique is easier to master and simpler to perform.
Anatomic and Histologic Studies on the Valves of the Venous System in Lower Extremities
Authors: Sun Jian-Min , Zhang Pei-Hua
Published: August 2008

Anatomic and histologic studies of vein valves were made on 50 adult cadav ers (100 lower extremities). In the deep and superficial venous trunks, big valves were found mostly with two cuspids. At the inlets of their branches, small valves monocuspid in shape were commonly found. There was no valve in the common iliac vein, and the percentages of the other veins containing valves were: external iliac 42%, common femoral 51%, deep femoral 88%, superficial femoral 100%, popliteal 93%, tibioperoneal trunk 26%, and all the deep veins in the lower leg, including tibial and peroneal 100%. The valves in the deep venous trunk are much stronger than those in the long saphenous vein. They can resist a retrograde pressure of 180 to 420 and 100 to 260 mmHg respectively.

The clinical value of this study concerning the staged arteriovenous reversal in the treatment of severely ischemic limbs and the etiology of the primary incompetence of the deep veins of the lower extremity are discussed.
Femoral Embolectomy for Embolic Lower Limb Ischemia: Influence of Coexisting Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease
Authors: Jivegård Lennart , Arfvidsson Berndt , Holm Jan
Published: August 2008

The authors studied the results after embolectomy performed in patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute embolic lower limb ischemia. All patients had a potential cardiac source of emboli. The results were retrospectively analyzed in two groups of patients: those with and those without atherosclerotic occlusive disease in the femoral artery. Gangrene was uncommon and the mortal ity rate was low (10%) in patients without occlusive disease, whereas postopera tive gangrene with or without death of the patient was common (37%) and the mortality rate was high (34%) in patients with occlusive disease. Embolectomy performed within twelve hours from onset of symptoms was more often success ful than embolectomy performed later in patients without, but not in those with, occlusive disease. Reoperations, as well as bleeding complications in anticoagu lated patients, were more frequent in the latter patients. This study indicates that patients with peripheral atherosclerotic occlusive disease constitute a signif icant risk group for morbidity and mortality after embolectomy. It is suggested that occlusive disease should be actively searched for when a patient with acute lower limb ischemia is admitted and also when the acute ischemia is judged on clinical grounds to be of embolic origin.