bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Shear Behaviors of the SRHSHPC Composite Frame Columns
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Shan Suo , Li Qing Niing , Li Lei , Wang Bin
Published: March 2009

The shear behaviors of steel reinforced high strength and high performance concrete
(SRHSHPC) composite frame columns are studied through the test on a number of SRHSHPC
specimens with grade of concrete strength varied from C80 to C120 subjected to constant axial
compression and cyclically varying horizontal load. Four influencing factors, namely, shear span
ratio, axial compression ratio, stirrup ratio and concrete strength, are taken into consideration in the
test, and strain gauges are respectively placed on steel web, stirrups as well as reinforcement bars to
study the shear mechanism of SRHSHPC composite columns. According to test results, the shear
failure patterns and shear mechanism of the specimens are discussed. By analyzing the contribution of
the steel web, concrete, stirrups and reinforcement bars to the shear capacity, the shear mechanism of
the SRHSHPC composite columns is figured out. Therefore, the influence of shear span ratio, axial
compression ratio, stirrup ratios and concrete strength on shear behaviors of the SRHSHPC frame
columns is clear. Finally, concrete truss model and principle of accumulation are applied to discuss
the shear capacity and a calculation model for shear strength of the SRHSHPC composite columns is
established. It is indicated that the shear behaviors of the SRHSHPC frame composite columns are
excellent, and the calculated results of shear strength have good conformity with test results.
Fitness-For-Service Assessment of the Pipelines with Localized Geometric Imperfections such as Buckles and Wrinkles
Authors: Yang Zheng Mao , Kumar Shashi Bhushan , Tronskar Jens P.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, FFS assessment procedure for the buckle damaged pipeline with cracks in
the girth welds is presented. For FFS assessment the tensile and J R-curve data from a pre-strained
pipeline material, API 5L X65 were obtained in the laboratory to study the influences of the large
plastic strain on the material properties and the fracture resistance of the pipeline girth welds.
Tensile and single edge notch bend specimens in as-received, 10% pre-strained and 20% prestrained
conditions were tested. The test results show significant increase in yield and tensile
strength in the pre-strained specimens. Generally, the elongation and fracture resistance decreased
after pre-straining. In FFS material specific failure assessment diagrams (FADs) generated based on
the stress-strain curves obtained from testing were used. The critical flaw sizes of the pipeline girth
welds were calculated, and the influence of the large plastic strain on the FFS results was discussed.
Fracture Behavior and Microstructure of Ti 3AlC2 Ceramics Prepared by SHS/PHIP Method
Authors: Ren Zheng Yi , Li Chong , Li Qing Fen
Published: March 2009

Fracture behavior and the microstructure of Ti3AlC2 ceramics prepared by SHS/PHIP
method were studied. Stress-strain curves at different temperature with a strain rate of 1×10-3 s-1
were obtained. Fracture toughness, flexural strength, crack propagation behavior and compressive
deformation of specimens were investigated. Results show that the microstructure of the large size
Ti3AlC2 ceramics prepared by SHS/PHIP method has typical layered feature of ternary carbide
compound. The bridge-link phenomena induced by the flaky grains occurred in three-point bending
test. It restrained the crack propagation and improved the fracture toughness of the material.
Cylindrical specimens under axial compression usually smashed into chips for most of the ceramics
materials, however, for the Ti3AlC2 ceramics prepared by SHS/PHIP, shear fracture along 45º
incline of the specimen occurred at room temperature, and bulging deformation without any crack
exhibited when temperature was high. It is concluded that the Ti3AlC2 ceramics prepared by
SHS/PHIP has better fracture-resistance properties.
On the Growth, the Arrest and the Restart of a Crack during a Dynamic Brittle Fracture Experiment
Authors: Grégoire David , Maigre Hubert , Combescure Alain
Published: March 2009

Our purpose is to propose a methodology for assessing dynamic crack propagation laws under mixed-mode loading. Dynamic brittle fracture experiments are performed on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in which mode combination changes and crack arrest phases occur. Then, these experiments are numerically reproduced by using the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) in order to validate the algorithms and the criteria assumed.
Postbuckling Analysis of Laminate with Delamination Based on the Improved Damage Model of 2-D
Authors: Yang Gang , Zhang Ai Feng , Wang Hai Bin , Niu Peng
Published: March 2009

The paper presents the compatibility relation of displacement, strain energy expression,
and the formulations of Finite Element Method in the transitional region for the improved damage
model of 2-D delamination[1]. The postbuckling behaviors of composite laminated plate with a
circular delamination are analyzed. Results show that the model mainly improves computational
results of energy release rates in the delamination front. The model should only be used in a narrow
region near the crack-tip and the normal Mindlin model in other regions. It leads to little increase in
the amount of computation, but significant improvement in the results.
Studying on the Synchronization of a Mechanical Centrifugal Flywheel Governor System
Authors: Chu Yan Dong , Zhang Jian Gang , Li Xian Feng , Chang Ying Xiang
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of the centrifugal flywheel governor with external disturbance are discussed, and the system exhibits exceedingly complicated dynamic behaviors. The influence of system parameter on the chaotic system is discussed through Lyapunov-exponents spectrum and global bifurcation diagram, which accurately portray the partial dynamic behavior of the system. It is chaotic with proper system parameter, and we utilize Poincaré sections to study the Hopf bifurcation and chaos forming of the centrifugal flywheel governor system. Then, we utilize coupled-feedback control and adaptive control to realize the chaotic synchronization and obtain the conditions of chaos synchronization. Finally, we carry on the theory proof using the Lyapunov stability theory to the obtained conditions, the theoretical proof and number simulation shows the effectiveness of these methods.
The Directly Damaged Identification Method of Frame Structures Based on Residual Force Vector
Authors: Zou Wan Jie , Qu Wei Lian
Published: March 2009

By using the intrinsic character of the frame structures, a new direct damage
identification method of the frame structures based on residual force vector is presented. The
stiffness connectivity matrix is obtained by sensitivity analysis. The stiffness matrix perturbation of
the damaged structure can be expanded by the stiffness connectivity matrix, then substituting it into
residual force vector equation, the new residual force vector equation expressed by the stiffness
connectivity matrix is obtained. This equation can be solved directly, so the stiffness perturbation of
layers is got, by it, the damaged locations and the extents of the frame structures are identified. At
last, a numerical example of a seven-layer frame structure is given, the identification result shows
that, only with the first-order mode of the damaged structure, the damage can be identified
accurately. Even in considering of some degreed noise of the mode parameters, the structure
damage can be identified well, demonstrating the effectiveness of presented method.
Real-Time Measurements on Crack-Tip Deformation Fields of LY12 Samples under Impact Tension
Authors: Chen Si Ying , Lan Tian , Chen Xiao Mei , Kong Wei Guo , Ni Guo Qiang
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the deformation fields of LY12 crack samples loaded by an SHTB are
real-time investigated with the time interval of 10 µs by an optical system, which consists of a
high-speed camera, a flash light, a frame grabber and a synchronization device with the delay-time
less than microsecond. The cracks are preset by using the three-points bending method in a MTS
fatigue machine. The crack is 2mm long with a flare angle of 60 degree. During the experiments,
the dynamic deformation images are captured by the high speed camera and analyzed by newly
developed software based on Digital Correlation theory. And the displacements fields near
crack-tips according to the changes of the flare angle and radius during the impact process are
obtained. Experimental results acquired in this paper are proofed, by compared with the theoretical
calculations.
Stress Analysis of Composite Plates with Non-Circular Cutout
Authors: Rezaeepazhand Jalil , Jafari M.
Published: March 2009

The high stress concentration at the edge of a non-circular shaped cutout is of practical
importance in designing of the engineering structures. These types of cutout usually are evaluated
either experimentally or numerically. In this paper an attempt is made to formulate a simple
analytical method for stress analysis in perforated composite plates with non-circular cutouts. The
stress concentration of isotropic and composite perforated plates with variety of centrally located
non-circular cutout was investigated. Numerical evaluation using commercial finite element code,
were conducted to evaluate the analytical results. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate
the effects of variation in cutout shape, bluntness, and material properties on the location and the
value of the maximum stress in plates subjected to uni-axial tension load. The results presented
herein, indicated that the maximum stress in perforated isotropic/composite plates can be
significantly change by using proper material properties, cutout shapes and bluntness.
Buckling of Perforated Plates Repaired with Composite Patches
Authors: Rezaeepazhand Jalil , Sabori H.
Published: March 2009

Performance level and life span of existing structural elements can be increased by repair and strengthening of these structural elements using advanced composite materials.The performance of damaged metallic plates reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials (composite patch) are presented in this study. A square aluminum plate with a central circular cutout is considered as a damaged structural element. Numerical studies using commercial finite element code were conducted to investigate the effects of variation in patch geometries and lamination parameters on buckling responses of repaired plates. The varying laminate parameters such as, fiber angles and stacking sequences are considered in this study. A quantitative measure for the effectiveness of the composite patches is taken to be the relative change in buckling loads of the reinforced plates compare to those of the perfect one. The results presented herein indicated that, for buckling response of a repaired metallic plate with central cutout, a set of laminated composite patches with different shape and stacking sequences can be found which improve load carrying capacity of damaged plates.
Dynamic Anti-Plane Behaviors of a Semi-Infinite Piezoelectric Medium with a Circular Cavity and a Crack near the Surface
Authors: Song Tian Shu , Li Dong , Wang Xin Wang , Dong Sheng Li
Published: March 2009

Dynamic interaction is investigated theoretically between a circular cavity and a crack near the surface in a semi-infinite piezoelectric medium subjected to time-harmonic incident anti-plane shearing in this paper. The formulations are based on the method of complex variable and Green’s function. Dynamic stress concentration factors at the edge of the circular cavity and dynamic stress intensity factors at the crack tip are obtained by solving boundary value problems with the method of orthogonal function expansion. The calculating results are plotted to show how the frequencies and the orientation of incident wave, piezoelectric characteristic parameters of the material and the structural geometries influence upon the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) and dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF).
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Failure of a Gas Turbine Compressor Blade
Authors: Nourbakshnia N. , Ziaei-Rad Saeed , Kermanpur Ahmad , Sepehri Amin H.
Published: March 2009

This paper is concerned with the premature failures occurred in the high pressure compressor
section of the gas turbine of HESA power plant in Iran. Metallurgical and mechanical properties of
the blade alloy were evaluated. Fractography investigations were carried out on the fracture surface
of the blade roots using scanning electron microscopy. Stress and fracture simulations were
conducted using ANSYS software in both 2D and 3D dimensions under centrifugal, aerodynamic
and contact forces. The aerodynamic forces were evaluated using FLUENT software.
The results showed no metallurgical and mechanical deviations for the blade material from
standards. SEM fractography showed different aspects of fretting fatigue including multiple crack
initiation sites, fatigue beach marks, debris particles, and a high surface roughness on the edge of
contact (EOC). The simulation results showed that there was a high stress gradient at the EOC of
the blade which is one of the most significant characteristics of the fretting fatigue. Another analysis
was performed to simulate the fracture by creating an initial crack on the EOC. The stress fields and
stress intensity factors for modes I, II and III were evaluated along the crack front. The results
indicated a strong stress intensity factor for mode I at the EOC.
Effect of Nitrogen on Creep Properties of 22Cr-25Ni Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels
Authors: Kim Yong Uk , Jung Woo Sang , Chung Young Hoon , Kwun S.I.
Published: March 2009

The effect of nitrogen on creep properties of 22Cr-25Ni austenitic heat-resistant steels
with different nitrogen content was studied. The tensile and creep strength increased with
increasing nitrogen content. The tensile strength increased due to grain refinement by Nb-rich
carbonitride. The creep strength increased with increasing nitrogen content because nitrogen
retarded the formation and growth rate of Cr-rich carbide and the growth rate of Nb-rich
carbonitride during creep.
The Effect of Ageing on Rheological Properties and Chemical Conversions of Asphalts
Authors: Wu Shao Peng , Pang Ling , Zhu Guo Jun
Published: March 2009

Asphalt ageing induced by heat, oxidation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated
using various laboratory simulation ageing methods and outdoor ageing. One normal 70 penetration
asphalt and its styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt were employed to assess the changes
in chemical and rheological properties by infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer under
various ageing conditions, thus the relationship among rolling thin-film oven(RTFO), pressurized
ageing vessel (PAV) and UV radiation ageing was distinguished. Experimental results showed that
photodegradation caused by outdoor exposure UV ageing of 50~200µm thin films for a month, was
found to be the most severe, following by PAV and then RTFO with respects to rehological and
chemical changes. Photodegradation effect decreased as the thickness of asphalt film increases.
Dynamic shear tests indicated that polymer networks were gradually destroyed during ageing, but the
aged SBS modified asphalts still displayed better rheological properties than the corresponding base
asphalt. The weight percent of oxygen as carbonyl increased and of SBS as butadiene decreased after
ageing based on infrared spectrums. However, chemical and rheological changes were not generally
consistent, and ageing susceptibility may be ranked differently when different evaluation methods
were used.
Preparation of Amido Modified Silicone in Microemulsion
Authors: Liu Jie Sheng , Huang Shi Qiang , Wu Shao Peng
Published: March 2009

A translucent amido modified microemulsion was synthesized by the adding of amido silane coupling agent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) were used to characterize the structures and properties of amido microemulsion, respectively. IR spectroscopy confirmed that amido group was successfully introduced into the polysiloxane microemulsion. TEM images indicated that the granules agglomerated heavily when the coupling agent was in a larger content. The effects of PH values, amount of coupling agent on the size and the configuration of the amido microemulsion were investigated. The results indicated that the properties of amido microemulsion were stable when the microemulsion was under weak acid condition (pH=3-7). When the amount of coupling agent increased, the particles size of microemulsion increased and the particle size distribution became narrow.
Experimental Study on the Adhesion Properties of Zn-Al Metal Spray Method for Steel Structures
Authors: Jin Joo Ho , Lee Han Seung
Published: March 2009

Examination about sticking intensity security way of normal temperature metal spraying
covering is required compulsorily accordingly with quantitative assessment about steel plate's
surface roughness to secure adhesive power of steel materials and metal membrane stably at
application of way method of construction by normal temperature metal spraying. In case of metal
spraying, Sticking strength of metal spraying way finish is influenced greatly, and it is judged that
is desirable that manages Sm/Rz by 6 lows to secure more than sticking intensity 20kgf/cm2 by
Sm/Rz that evaluate that is rough of nature surface. The purpose of this study was to analyze an
adhesion strength of metal spraying finish layer with the surface conditions of steel plate. For the
purpose the experimental factors such as anticorrosive finish method and surface treatment method
were selected.
Thermographic Investigation of Hot Spots in Railway Brake Discs
Authors: Kim Jeong Guk , Goo Byeong Choon , Yoon Sung Cheol , Kwon Sung Tae
Published: March 2009

Damage evolution due to generation of hot spots on railway brake disc was investigated
using the infrared thermography method. A brake disc with gray cast iron, which is currently used in
Korea, was employed for this investigation. A high-speed infrared camera was used to measure the
surface temperature of brake disc as well as for in-situ monitoring of hot spot evolution. From the
thermographic images, the observed hot spots and thermal damage of railway brake disc during
braking operation were qualitatively analyzed. Moreover, in this investigation, the previous
experimental and theoretical studies on hot spots phenomenon were reviewed, and the current
experimental results were introduced and compared with theoretical prediction.
Fatigue Crack Growth Simulation by Using S-Version FEM
Authors: Kikuchi Masanori , Wada Yoshitaka , Maigefeireti  , Li Y.
Published: March 2009

Fatigue crack growth under mixed mode loading conditions is simulated using S-version
FEM (Superposition FEM, S-FEM). By using S-FEM technique, only local mesh should be
re-meshed and it becomes easy to simulate crack growth. By combining with re-meshing technique,
local mesh is re-meshed automatically, and curved crack path is modeled easily.
Influence of Cracks on the Durability of RC Structures
Authors: Nobile Lucio
Published: March 2009

To carry out maintenance and assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, a good
understanding of the effect of the change in bond behaviour of reinforcement during service life is
essential. Steel reinforcement is subjected to corrosion due to carbonation and chloride attack. The
former ordinarily induces uniform corrosion, the latter induces generally localised corrosion at
cracks level. The existence of cracks and the crack width affect the starting points of corrosion, as
indicated by the results of the exposure test carried out by Shiessl et al.[1].
Corresponding techniques, such as non-destructive in-situ testing for concrete cover thickness,
permeability and the positions of the reinforcing bars, are helpful to model the real behaviour.
Cracked portion around the tensile reinforcement in a flexural member can be considered to be
equivalent to a concrete member having a single reinforcement subjected to pull-out force at both
ends. In this paper a damage process model is proposed based on slip crack propagation in order to
evaluate the effective load capacity.
Observation of the Behavior of Fatigue Cracks in Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy Joints
Authors: Katsuki Keiji , Gutensohn Markus , Endo Masahiro , Eifler Dietmar
Published: March 2009

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid-state welding process that can produce low-cost
and high-quality joints of especially aluminum and mgnesium alloys. The welding zone consists of
different regions with characteristic microstructuralal details such as a weld nugget, a
thermo-mechanically-affected zone (TMAZ) and a heat-affected zone (HAZ). Tension-compression
fatigue tests were performed using FSW aluminum alloy AA5454 sheet specimens at a stress ratio of
–1. To investigate the propagation behavior of small fatigue cracks in those regions, an artificial
defect was introduced into different defined locations in the FSW specimens as well as into the parent
material specimens. The crack propagation rates depended on the defined locations and were a
function of the hardness; that is, the lower the hardness was, the higher the propagation rate was. The
crack paths were mostly perpendicular to the applied stress axis, but some crack paths exhibited
deviations by the influence of the local anisotropy of the microstructure.
Shrinkage Performance and Cracking Resistance Mechanism of Rubberized Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with Polymer
Authors: Wang Ji , Li Yue , Zhang Ming Zhong
Published: March 2009

To improve the cracking resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete, rubber particles and
polymer were added. Experimental results showed that the shrinkage rate increased when rubber
particles were added into lightweight aggregate concrete, but when polymer was mixed, the shrinkage
rate decreased dramatically. Microstructure analysis indicated that the interface transition zone (ITZ)
influenced the shrinkage performance of rubberized lightweight aggregate concrete with polymer
directly; the ITZ bondage between rubber particles and cement matrix was very poor and the
restriction to shrinkage was weak, which were the main reasons for the increase of shrinkage rate of
rubberized lightweight aggregate concrete; when polymer was mixed into the concrete, the hole and
ITZ structure of concrete were improved, which made the strain energy absorbing function of rubber
particles can be exerted entirely and the flexibility of ITZ was boosted, thereby the shrinkage
performance and cracking resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete were improved.
Crushing Behaviour of CFRP Composite Structure
Authors: Ghasemnejad H. , Hadavinia H. , Lewis E.
Published: March 2009

The present paper investigates specific sustained crushing stress (SSCS) of various
composite laminate designs and stiffened boxes under axial crushing test. In this regard, an
optimum composite crash box design is sought by studying the effect of laminate design and
stiffeners on SSCS. Crash boxes were fabricated from carbon/epoxy twill-weave fabrics of [0]4,
[45]4 and [0,45]2. The progressive failure with three distinct crushing modes of transverse shearing,
lamina bending and brittle fracture was observed for three laminate designs. Two new assembled
composite boxes were made from channels and V-shape stiffener and tested in quasi-static
condition. Adhesive bonding was used in joining the channelled and stiffened boxes. Measured
amount of SSCS for all models were compared to find an optimum crash box. It was found SSCS
increases with increasing proportion of 0° plies in the laminate.
Finite Element Modelling of Piezoelectric Sensors for Damage Identification in Composite Panels
Authors: Aliabadi M.H. , Apicella A. , Sanqirgo-Rodriguez Albert
Published: March 2009

In this paper the application of the finite element method is presented to modeling piezoelectric sensors and actuators for use in structural health monitoring of composite panels. It this demonstrated that FEM can be used to simulate sensorised composite panels and investigate the damage detection capability of sensors.
Ferroelectric and Luminescent Properties of Electroluminescence Devices Using Ferroelectric Polymer-Phosphor Composite Films
Authors: Aizawa Koji , Ohtani Yusuke
Published: March 2009

We fabricated and characterized electroluminescence (EL) devices using ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene (PVDF/TrFE) copolymer composites mixed with Mn- and Cu-activated ZnS phosphor particles. Spin-coated polymer composite films on glass substrates with transparent conductive oxides were dried at 140 oC for 1 h in vacuum due to growth of ferroelectric phase. The maximum remnant polarization and luminescence of the fabricated devices were approximately 20 μC/cm2 and 100 cd/m2, respectively. Increases of the luminescence were observed in the fabricated EL devices using PVDF/TrFE copolymer in comparison with using PVDF polymer as dielectrics. EL emission intensities were also enhanced by applying the bipolar pulses. These results suggest an effect of polarization reversal in the composite films.
Preparation of MBi4Ti4O15 (M=Ba,Ca) Thick Films by Screen Printing
Authors: Futakuchi Tomoaki , Kakuda Tatsunori , Sakai Yuichi , Kakiuchi Shigeki , Adachi Masatoshi
Published: March 2009

MBi4Ti4O15 (M=Ba,Ca) thick films were prepared by screen printing and firing using Pt bottom electrodes and ZrO2 substrates. Screen-printable pastes were prepared by kneading the MBi4Ti4O15 powder in a three-roll mill with an organic vehicle. The microstructures and electric properties of the thick films were examined in comparison with bulk ceramics. The remanent polarization of 6.2 9C/cm2 and coercive field of 130kV/cm were obtained for the CaBi4Ti4O15 thick film fired at 1130OC. The Curie points of MBi4Ti4O15 (M=Ba,Ca) thick films from dielectric peaks were 450OC and 790 OC for M=Ba and M= Ca.
Grain-Orientation Control of Bi5FeTi3O15 Ceramics Prepared by Magnetic-Field-Assisted Electrophoretic Deposition Method
Authors: Suzuki Muneyasu , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Noguchi Yuji , Miyayama Masaru
Published: March 2009

Magnetic-field-assisted electrophoretic deposition (B-assisted EPD) method has been applied for synthesizing a(b)-axis-oriented Bi5FeTi3O15 ceramics, and the effects of the B-assisted EPD on grain orientation and microstructures have been investigated. The sintering at 1100oC of the green compact obtained by the B-assisted EPD led to dense ceramics with a high relative sintered density of 98%. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the a(b)-axis-orientation degree of the grain oriented ceramics evaluated by the Lotgering method was 45 %.
Dynamic Visualization of Stress Distribution by Mechanoluminescence Image
Authors: Li Chen Shu , Xu Chao Nan , Zhang Lin , Yamada Hiroshi , Imai Yusuke , Wang Wen Xue
Published: March 2009

Dynamic visualization of stress distribution even due to a small deformation has been realized by
coating the surface of the test object of metal with a upgrade mechanoluminescence (ML) material
of SrAl2O4:Eu (SAO). In this paper we report the application of this ML sensing technique to stress
concentration analysis on an aluminium plate. And the comparison with a theoretical calculation
demonstrated that the ML intensity of SAO sensing film correlates linearly with von Mises stress on
metal surface and the observed real-time ML images quantitatively reflect stress concentration.
Microstructure Study of BaTiO3 Ceramics Using Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Authors: Kobayashi Keisuke , Suzuki Toshimasa , Mizuno Youichi
Published: March 2009

The nanoscale local structure of core-shell structured BaTiO3 grains with a nonuniform dopant distribution was studied by convergent beam electron diffraction. The direct measurements of the variation of lattice parameter in an individual BaTiO3 grain were achieved. It was found that the lattice parameter continuously increased from inside the grain core to the grain shell and there was no discontinuity at the core/shell interface. The increasing gradient of c-axes was slightly smaller than that of a-axes, suggesting that the perovskite unit cell in the grain shell has lower tetragonality.
High-Power Charge/Discharge Properties of LiFePO4/Carbon Composites with Various Carbon Materials
Authors: Kuwahara Akira , Suzuki Shinya , Miyayama Masaru
Published: March 2009

Electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/carbon composites with various carbon materials were
investigated to achieve high-rate charge and discharge properties. LiFePO4/carbon composites were
synthesized by a pyrolysis of a LiFePO4 precursor solution added with porous graphite or
particulate carbon powders. The LiFePO4/porous-graphite composite had a microstructure in which
LiFePO4 particles existed on carbon surface and within pores. The LiFePO4/particulate-carbon
composite had a microstructure in which each carbon particle was covered with LiFePO4 fine
particles. The LiFePO4/porous-graphite and the LiFePO4/particulate-carbon composite electrodes
showed high discharge capacities of 69 and 30 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 4000 mA g-1.
The high electronic conductivity in the LiFePO4/porous-graphite composite contributed to
achieving the large discharge capacity at the high current density.
Electrochemical Properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Powders Prepared by Internal Combustion Type Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Kodera Takayuki , Mukoyama Izumi , Myoujin Kenichi , Tsuzuki Takanori , Ogihara Takashi , Uede Masao
Published: March 2009

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 precursor powders were successfully prepared by internal combustion type spray
pyrolysis. The production capacity of precursor powders was about 1 kg/h when the solution
concentration was 0.5 mol/dm3. Particle size, morphology and crystal phase of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2
powders were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD showed that a layered rock salt structure with a
R3m space group was formed by calcination at 750 °C for 10 h. SEM showed that hollow powders with
a particle size of 6 μm and irregular morphology were obtained. The discharge capacity of
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was 130 mAh/g, which showed good cycle performance.
Ion Exchange of Layer Structured Crystal KxTi2-xFexO4 (x = 0.80) and its Application as Cathode Material in a Rechargeable Lithium Battery
Authors: Ohashi Masao
Published: March 2009

The layer structured titanate KxTi2-xFexO4 (x = 0.80) with the lepidocrocite (-FeOOH) type
structure has been prepared in a solid state reaction using K2CO3, anatase type TiO2 and -Fe2O3
at 1373 K. Ion exchange reactions of K+ in the interlayer space were studied in aqueouse solutions.
The host layers of the titanate were maintained on the ion exchange reactions and the resulting
products were found to contain interlayer water. The interlayer water in the hydrogen ion exchange
product was removed by heating at 383 K in a vacuum. The resulting titanate
H0.79K0.01Ti1.20Fe0.80O4 was evaluated for its use as the cathode in a rechargeable lithium battery.
The cathode exhibited discharge and charge capacities of 107 and 69 mAh/g for the first cycle in
the voltage range of 1.5 - 4.2 V.
Numerical Analysis for Thermal Deformation of Workpiece in Cylindrical Plunge Grinding
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroyuki , Suritalatu  , Sakakura Moriaki , Tsukamoto Shinya
Published: March 2009

During the last decades, heat generation in grinding is one of the top concerns because high temperature under fabrication leads to less dimensional accuracy of a workpiece. Several studies with regard to grinding heat have been carried out, focused on micro phenomena of abrasive grains or macro phenomena of thermal deformation in grinding machines. However, these researches have been extensive, schematized information such as thermal deformation, and grinding temperature is indispensable for practical applications. In this study, we combined the simulation model of the plunge grinding process and the numerical analysis method with the differencing technique for the non-steady heat conduction problem, and have constructed the simulation technique for analyzing the heat problem in the workpiece. The simulation results provided information of the heat conduction, and the thermal deformation of the workpiece.
Machinability Investigation of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide by Single-Point Diamond Turning
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yu , Yan Ji Wang , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: March 2009

Reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) is a recently developed ceramic material with many merits such as low manufacturing temperature, dense structure, high purity and low cost. In the present paper, the precision machinability of RB-SiC was studied by microindentation and single-point diamond turning (SPDT) tests. The influence of depth of cut and tool feed rate on surface roughness and cutting force was investigated. Results showed that there was no clear ductile-brittle transition in machining behavior. The material removal mechanism involves falling of the SiC grains and intergranular microfractures of the bonding silicon, which prevents from large-scale cleavage fractures. The minimum surface roughness depends on the initial material microstructure in terms of sizes of the SiC grains and micro pores. This work preliminarily indicates that SPDT can be used as a high-efficiency machining process for RB-SiC.
Development of A New Cutting Fluid Supply System for Near Dry Machining Process
Authors: Yamashita Motoki , Kakinuma Yasuhiro , Aoyama Tojiro , Aoki Mitsuho
Published: March 2009

Large amount of cutting oil consumption is one of the issues for environment. The Minimum
Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique has been applied to the near-dry cutting process. However,
MQL technique generates oil mist which is harmful to the working environment and the health of
factory workers. In this study, a new lubrication system called Direct Oil Shot Lubrication System
(DOS) was developed and applied to milling processes. The performances of DOS technique was
evaluated by measuring the floating oil mist and carrying out the cutting tests. The amount of floating
oil mist of DOS system was considerably reduced compared to the MQL. The behavior of small oil drops
supplied from DOS nozzle to cutting edge was analyzed by means of a high speed video observation, and
the optimum setting for DOS was obtained. The experimental result shows developed DOS system realized
the smaller density of oil mist floating than the MQL technique while the DOS attained the almost same
lubrication effect in milling process as the MQL technique.
A New CBN Crystal for Improved Grinding Performance in Vitrified Bonds
Authors: Kompella Sridhar , Zhang Kai , Pakalapati Rajeev
Published: March 2009

The use of cubic boron nitride (CBN) over conventional abrasives in ferrous and
superalloy grinding has resulted in improved manufacturing throughput and beneficial mechanical
properties on workpiece surfaces. However, through the innovative use of crystal synthesis
techniques, the grinding performance can be further improved over existing CBN crystals. In this
study, such a new CBN crystal is developed, characterized, and its grinding performance is
compared to a commercially available CBN crystal. Grinding tests are conducted in AISI M2 steel
and Inconel-718 superalloy using a vitrified bond configuration with applicability in a wide range of
end-use applications.
A New Type of Drill Grinder Based on the Special Universal Joint
Authors: Zou Ping , Qiu H.R. , Gao Shan Min , Hu Ming
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a new type of drill grinder based on a special universal joint. The
special universal joint is composed of a parallel mechanism with three legs as the inputs. One can
rotate as a spindle; other two legs can drive a moving platform and make a drill point get an accurate
position in workspace. Due to the simple mechanical structure comparing the grinder with the
existing conventional CNC cutting tool grinders, it should be easy for the grinder to manufacture at a
low cost. In addition, inverse kinematic equations of the special type of universal joint are derived.
Experimental Analysis of Elastic and Plastic Behavior in Ductile-Regime Machining of Glass Quartz Utilizing a Diamond Tool
Authors: Tamaki Junichi , Kubo Akihiko , Yan Ji Wang
Published: March 2009

The elastic and/or plastic behaviors of glass quartz, the most popular optical material and a
hard and brittle material, were studied experimentally from two points of view; static mode and
dynamic mode. The static behaviors were investigated by a nanoindentation test and the dynamic
behaviors were investigated by a single-point fly cutting (SPFC) test. In the experiments, copper was
selected as a material representing soft and ductile materials. From the experiments it was found that
the plastic deformation ratio of glass quartz is smaller than that of copper depending on the SPFC
conditions, and the area coefficient of the pile-up has the same tendency for both glass quartz and
copper.
Evaluation of Bearing Grinding Fluids
Authors: Hoff Milton L. , Salmon Stuart C.
Published: March 2009

Grinding tests and trials on production equipment is a most expensive proposition. The expense is not only with respect to the monetary cost, but also the down time associated with interrupting a production line to make special runs and set-ups. That high cost is generally the reason given why not to conduct production grinding tests. Testing is more easily justified in a laboratory environment, however the testing can become “clinical” such that it is far removed from the real world of production grinding and the results are often unrealistic. It has been the object of this project to target an industry and simulate, as closely as possible, a production grinding environment, in the laboratory, to encompass all of the realism of bearing production but with quick-changeover features that allow frequent and accurate adjustments to the process with respect to the set-up but moreover, the grinding fluid. The end result is test data that is meaningful, directly relevant, acceptable and understandable to the industry. It has also provided a platform for further investigative work with respect to the surface texture produced by certain fluid chemistries.
Virtual Truing and Dressing of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Bzymek Zbigniew M. , Duzy Glenn M. , Mindek Richard B.
Published: March 2009

Truing and dressing are essential processes of grinding wheel preparation. They make the wheel geometry true with respect to its rotational axis and its cutting surface sharp. These factors significantly influence the quality of the final profile and surface produced from the grinding process. Prediction of the optimum wheel surface for grinding, defined as one which produces an accurate profile and cuts most efficiently can greatly minimize the time to optimize grinding wheel performance. This paper describes virtual dressing and truing operations, takes under account vibration of the dressing apparatus and shows how to generate wheel surface replica under different conditions.
How Can Sol-Gel Contribute to Optical Devices?
Authors: Zayat Marcos , Levy David
Published: March 2009

We emphasize in this chapter the Sol-Gel chemistry, which has gained a large number of researchers, developing interesting and sophisticated novel synthetic methods, offering a variety of approaches to new systems preparation, overcoming many of the synthetic difficulties of the past. A strong argument for using the Sol-Gel chemistry is found in the high flexibility of the method and the large choice of commercially available “dopants” that can be incorporated in the solid matrices, that might have a specific activity or reactivity to an external signal (i.e. light, magnetic, electrical, etc). From the point of view of nanotechnology applications, Sol-Gel materials are being required for critical components embedded in systems such as industrial equipment and scientific instrumentation, imaging and display, medical applications, aerospace and defense, etc. The rapidly developing sol-gel process has been used for the preparation of materials for a wide range of fields, adapting the chemistry and the novel synthetic routes to the specific systems, in order to achieve complicated developments oriented to nanotechnology applications. Clear examples can be found on Sol-Gel optics applications.
The Prediction Model of Cutting Forces Based on Johnson-Cook’s Flow Stress Model
Authors: Liu Hai Tao , Sun Ya Zhou , Lu Ze Sheng , Han Li Li
Published: March 2009

Thin-walled parts with complex configurations are extensively used in aerospace and precise instrument industry. However, because of low stiffness, cutting forces, clamping forces and residual stresses in cutting have been the main factors influenced on machining accuracy of thin-walled parts. Furthermore, biggish deviation exists between practical finished surface and theoretical value as a result of machining deformation caused by cutting force namely “cutter relieving” phenomenon; besides, direct relation exists between determination of clamping force and generation of machining residual stress and cutting force, so it is necessary to build up accurate cutting force prediction model to improve the machining accuracy of thin-walled parts. Therefore, cutting force prediction model based on Johnson-Cook’s flow stress model and Oxley’s shear angle model has been developed, which takes the property of high strain, high strain ratio in area of cut and high cutting temperature into account fully and determines shear angle more accurately on the basis of force balance principle; with different cutting and tool geometric parameters existing, perform simulation and experiment studies on cutting force prediction model, verify the validity of prediction model and obtain the response rules resulted from cutting force prediction model acting on cutting and tool geometric parameters.
Design on the System of Brain-Computer Interface Driving Neural Prosthesis Hand
Authors: Dai W.H. , Zhang Xiao Dong
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the system of brain-computer interface driving neural prosthesis hand is
designed using EEG signal as the control signal source. First, a whole design scheme of the system
of BCI driving neural prosthesis hand is constructed and the method of EEG detection and
recognition is introduced. Then, on the basis of prosthesis hand wildly used by amputees, a
three-degree of freedom prosthesis hand is chosen as the control object through rebuilt according to
system requirement. The serial communication channel is constructed and the recognition result of
hand action is sent to the prosthesis hand controller through serial signal protocol. A prosthesis hand
controller is designed using single-chip computer as its core, and the driving method of start-stop
and steering of prosthesis hand motor is studied. At last, the purpose of the control of prosthesis
hand is achieved by EEG recognition result from hand action.
A Hydraulic Analogue Model and Analysis of a Micropump Considering the Diaphragm Stiffness
Authors: Jiang Dan , Li Song Jing , Bao Gang
Published: March 2009

In order to predict the dynamic characteristics, the piezoelectric valve-less diffuser
micropump is equivalent to the hydraulic model which consists of several hydraulic components.
Using finite element analysis (FEA) method, the static analysis and the natural frequency calculation
of the diaphragm are carried out. The mathematical model and the simulation method using AMESim
are developed. Simulation results show the pressure and flow rate characteristics of the micropump,
as well as the diaphragm stiffness influence. The agreement between the simulation results and those
published previously indicates that the method combining FEA with the hydraulic analogue model
provides a relatively simple and effective tool to study the dynamic characteristics of micropumps.
Transformation of Force-Linear Displacement and Moment-Angular Displacement on Different Measurement of Spring-Tubes Stiffness
Authors: Wang Hui Feng , Wang Guang Lin , Lu Ze Sheng
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the measurement of hanging weight method and two-point
measureing method to the elastic component spring-tubes stiffness’ measurement, and analyzes the
principle of the two measuring methods mentioned above. It simplifies the transforming zone to the
structure of cantilever beam. It deduces the stiffness relation, which is from the two measuring
methods. At the same time it modifies the transforming formula through experiment.
Simulation Research on Effect of Diametral Clearance of Spool Valve to Valve Orifice Discharge Characteristic
Authors: Pan Xu Dong , Wang Guang Lin , Lu Ze Sheng , Liu Zhen Hua
Published: March 2009

This paper studies the effect of spool valve diametral clearance of electro-hydraulic servo
valve on orifice discharge characteristic. To ensure that the freely sliding between spool and sleeve,
there must be given diametral clearance between spool and sleeve, which will have an impact on
valve orifice discharge characteristic, this paper first individually sets up a 3D models of clearance
from 0 to 5 μm, opening value from 0 to 40 μm, then calculates each model’s discharge on the
condition that valve orifice’s inlet and outlet differential pressure is constant, finally according to the
result of the discharge plots the diametral clearance curve of spool valve. The quantitative numerical
relationship of diametral clearance and spool valve characteristic index is given after doing the
analysis, Finally, an experimental verification of the simulation results is to be done to prove the
simulation results are correct and reliable. The research of this paper provides the basic guidelines for
spool valve designing and testing.
Design of Automatic Continuity Processes of Burnishing and Electrochemical Finishing on Cylinder Surface
Authors: Pa Pai Shan
Published: March 2009

The subject study uses ceramic materials as a circular burnishing-tool connected with a ring-form electrode to construct a compound circular finishing-tool. In the machining process, the external cylindrical workpiece is put into the compound circular finishing-tool to execute the finishing process by automatic continuity production. By the compound production effects from the electrode and the burnishing-tool, it achieves synchronous execution of multiple effects of electrochemical finishing and burnishing. Thereby rapidly and highly efficiently making improvement on the surface roughness of external cylindrical surface; and by the burnishing process and electrochemical finishing, it enhances the mechanical properties and cleanliness on the materials surface. It is expected that the entire study could make a comprehensive assessment of the compound process characteristics of the circular burnishing-tool and automatic continuity synchronous burnishing and electrochemical finishing, seeking the optimal electrode design and experimental parameters, so that polishing techniques for the external cylindrical can be extensively applied in the future.