bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN METHODS OF BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT ON THE GPU
Authors: Hänsch R. , Drude I. , Hellwich O.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The task to compute 3D reconstructions from large amounts of data has become an active field of research within the last years. Based on an initial estimate provided by structure from motion, bundle adjustment seeks to find a solution that is optimal for all cameras and 3D points. The corresponding nonlinear optimization problem is usually solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with conjugate gradient descent. While many adaptations and extensions to the classical bundle adjustment approach have been proposed, only few works consider the acceleration potentials of GPU systems. This paper elaborates the possibilities of time and space savings when fitting the implementation strategy to the terms and requirements of realizing a bundler on heterogeneous CPUGPU systems. Instead of focusing on the standard approach of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization alone, nonlinear conjugate gradient descent and alternating resection-intersection are studied as two alternatives. The experiments show that in particular alternating resection-intersection reaches low error rates very fast, but converges to larger error rates than Levenberg-Marquardt. PBA, as one of the current state-of-the-art bundlers, converges slower in 50 % of the test cases and needs 1.5-2 times more memory than the Levenberg- Marquardt implementation.
IMAGE-GUIDED NON-LOCAL DENSE MATCHING WITH THREE-STEPS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Huang Xu , Zhang Yongjun , Yue Zhaoxi
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper introduces a new image-guided non-local dense matching algorithm that focuses on how to solve the following problems: 1) mitigating the influence of vertical parallax to the cost computation in stereo pairs; 2) guaranteeing the performance of dense matching in homogeneous intensity regions with significant disparity changes; 3) limiting the inaccurate cost propagated from depth discontinuity regions; 4) guaranteeing that the path between two pixels in the same region is connected; and 5) defining the cost propagation function between the reliable pixel and the unreliable pixel during disparity interpolation. This paper combines the Census histogram and an improved histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature together as the cost metrics, which are then aggregated based on a new iterative non-local matching method and the semi-global matching method. Finally, new rules of cost propagation between the valid pixels and the invalid pixels are defined to improve the disparity interpolation results. The results of our experiments using the benchmarks and the Toronto aerial images from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) show that the proposed new method can outperform most of the current state-of-the-art stereo dense matching methods.
A EUCLIDEAN FORMULATION OF INTERIOR ORIENTATION COSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY THE FUNDAMENTAL MATRIX
Authors: Kalisperakis I. , Karras G. , Petsa E.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Epipolar geometry of a stereopair can be expressed either in 3D, as the relative orientation (i.e. translation and rotation) of two bundles of optical rays in case of calibrated cameras or, in case of unclalibrated cameras, in 2D as the position of the epipoles on the image planes and a projective transformation that maps points in one image to corresponding epipolar lines on the other. The typical coplanarity equation describes the first case; the Fundamental matrix describes the second. It has also been proven in the Computer Vision literature that 2D epipolar geometry imposes two independent constraints on the parameters of camera interior orientation. In this contribution these constraints are expressed directly in 3D Euclidean space by imposing the equality of the dihedral angle of epipolar planes defined by the optical axes of the two cameras or by suitably chosen corresponding epipolar lines. By means of these constraints, new closed form algorithms are proposed for the estimation of a variable or common camera constant value given the fundamental matrix and the principal point position of a stereopair.
EFFICIENT WIDE BASELINE STRUCTURE FROM MOTION
Authors: Michelini Mario , Mayer Helmut
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a Structure from Motion approach for complex unorganized image sets. To achieve high accuracy and robustness, image triplets are employed and (an approximate) camera calibration is assumed to be known. The focus lies on a complete linking of images even in case of large image distortions, e.g., caused by wide baselines, as well as weak baselines. A method for embedding image descriptors into Hamming space is proposed for fast image similarity ranking. The later is employed to limit the number of pairs to be matched by a wide baseline method. An iterative graph-based approach is proposed formulating image linking as the search for a terminal Steiner minimum tree in a line graph. Finally, additional links are determined and employed to improve the accuracy of the pose estimation. By this means, loops in long image sequences are implicitly closed. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated by results for several complex image sets also in comparison with VisualSFM.
NONZONAL EXPRESSIONS OF GAUSS–KRÜGER PROJECTION IN POLAR REGIONS
Authors: Li Zhongmei , Bian Shaofeng , Liu Qiang , Li Houpu , Chen Cheng , Hu Yanfeng
Published: June 2016

Abstract. With conformal colatitude introduced, based on the mathematical relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions by complex numbers, strict equation of complex conformal colatitude is derived, and then theoretically strict nonzonal expressions of Gauss projection in polar regions are carried out. By means of the computer algebra system, correctness of these expressions is verified, and sketches of Gauss-krüger projection without bandwidth restriction in polar regions are charted. In the Arctic or Antarctic region, graticule of nonzonal Gauss projection complies with people’s reading habit and reflects real ground-object distribution. Achievements in this paper could perfect mathematical basis of Gauss projection and provide reference frame for polar surveying and photogrammetry.
A NEW INITIATIVE FOR TILING, STITCHING AND PROCESSING GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Olasz A. , Nguyen Thai B. , Kristóf D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Within recent years, several new approaches and solutions for Big Data processing have been developed. The Geospatial world is still facing the lack of well-established distributed processing solutions tailored to the amount and heterogeneity of geodata, especially when fast data processing is a must. The goal of such systems is to improve processing time by distributing data transparently across processing (and/or storage) nodes. These types of methodology are based on the concept of divide and conquer. Nevertheless, in the context of geospatial processing, most of the distributed computing frameworks have important limitations regarding both data distribution and data partitioning methods. Moreover, flexibility and expendability for handling various data types (often in binary formats) are also strongly required. This paper presents a concept for tiling, stitching and processing of big geospatial data. The system is based on the IQLib concept (https://github.com/posseidon/IQLib/) developed in the frame of the IQmulus EU FP7 research and development project (http://www.iqmulus.eu). The data distribution framework has no limitations on programming language environment and can execute scripts (and workflows) written in different development frameworks (e.g. Python, R or C#). It is capable of processing raster, vector and point cloud data. The above-mentioned prototype is presented through a case study dealing with country-wide processing of raster imagery. Further investigations on algorithmic and implementation details are in focus for the near future.
LASER-BASED SLAM WITH EFFICIENT OCCUPANCY LIKELIHOOD MAP LEARNING FOR DYNAMIC INDOOR SCENES
Authors: Li Li , Yao Jian , Xie Renping , Tu Jinge , Feng Chen
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Location-Based Services (LBS) have attracted growing attention in recent years, especially in indoor environments. The fundamental technique of LBS is the map building for unknown environments, this technique also named as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in robotic society. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for SLAMin dynamic indoor scenes based on a 2D laser scanner mounted on a mobile Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) with the help of the grid-based occupancy likelihood map. Instead of applying scan matching in two adjacent scans, we propose to match current scan with the occupancy likelihood map learned from all previous scans in multiple scales to avoid the accumulation of matching errors. Due to that the acquisition of the points in a scan is sequential but not simultaneous, there unavoidably exists the scan distortion at different extents. To compensate the scan distortion caused by the motion of the UGV, we propose to integrate a velocity of a laser range finder (LRF) into the scan matching optimization framework. Besides, to reduce the effect of dynamic objects such as walking pedestrians often existed in indoor scenes as much as possible, we propose a new occupancy likelihood map learning strategy by increasing or decreasing the probability of each occupancy grid after each scan matching. Experimental results in several challenged indoor scenes demonstrate that our proposed approach is capable of providing high-precision SLAM results.
FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED CITYGML-BASED 3D MODEL OF VIENNA
Authors: Agugiaro G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper presents and discusses the results regarding the initial steps (selection, analysis, preparation and eventual integration of a number of datasets) for the creation of an integrated, semantic, three-dimensional, and CityGML-based virtual model of the city of Vienna. CityGML is an international standard conceived specifically as information and data model for semantic city models at urban and territorial scale. It is being adopted by more and more cities all over the world. The work described in this paper is embedded within the European Marie-Curie ITN project “Ci-nergy, Smart cities with sustainable energy systems”, which aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. Given the scope and scale of the project, it is therefore vital to set up a common, unique and spatio-semantically coherent urban model to be used as information hub for all applications being developed. This paper reports about the experiences done so far, it describes the test area and the available data sources, it shows and exemplifies the data integration issues, the strategies developed to solve them in order to obtain the integrated 3D city model. The first results as well as some comments about their quality and limitations are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.
VISUAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE DATA OF CHINESE SURVEYING AND MAPPING JOURNALS
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Haiyan , Guo Wenyue , Yu Anzhu
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Taking four influential Chinese surveying and mapping journals as the data source, 5863 papers published during the period of 2003–2013 were obtained. Using the method of bibliometrics and visual analysis, summarizing the surveying and mapping papers in the past ten years (2003-2013), research themes, authors, and geographical distribution were analyzed. In the study, the papers of geodesy, cartography and GIS are 59.9%, more than half of all the papers. We also determine that the core author group has 131 authors, mainly of whom are from big cities. 90% of top ten cities on the number of publishing papers are capital cities or municipalities directly under the central government.In conclusion, we found that the research focus was different every year, and the research content was richness, the content of geodesy, cartography and GIS were widely researched, and the development of surveying and mapping is imbalanced in China.
MOVING HUMAN PATH TRACKING BASED ON VIDEO SURVEILLANCE IN 3D INDOOR SCENARIOS
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zlatanova Sisi , Wang Zhe , Zhang Yeting , Liu Liu
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Video surveillance systems are increasingly used for a variety of 3D indoor applications. We can analyse human behaviour, discover and avoid crowded areas, monitor human traffic and so forth. In this paper we concentrate on use of surveillance cameras to track and reconstruct the path a person has followed. For the purpose we integrated video surveillance data with a 3D indoor model of the building and develop a single human moving path tracking method. We process the surveillance videos to detected single human moving traces; then we match the depth information of 3D scenes to the constructed 3D indoor network model and define the human traces in the 3D indoor space. Finally, the single human traces extracted from multiple cameras are connected with the help of the connectivity provided by the 3D network model. Using this approach, we can reconstruct the entire walking path. The provided experiments with a single person have verified the effectiveness and robustness of the method.
MULTI SENSOR AND PLATFORMS SETUPS FOR VARIOUS AIRBORNE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kemper G. , Vasel R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. To combine various sensors to get a system for specific use became popular within the last 10 years. Metric mid format cameras meanwhile reach the 100 MPix and entered the mapping market to compete with the big format sensors. Beside that also other sensors as SLR Cameras provide high resolution and enter the aerial surveying market for orthophoto production or monitoring applications. Flexibility, purchase-costs, size and weight are common aspects to design multi-sensor systems. Some sensors are useful for mapping while others are part of environmental monitoring systems. Beside classical surveying aircrafts also UL Airplanes, Para/Trikes or UAVs make use of multi sensor systems. Many of them are customer specific while other already are frequently used in the market. This paper aims to show some setup, their application, what are the results and what are the pros and cons of them are.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GROUND FILTERING ALGORITHMS FOR UAV-BASED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Serifoglu C. , Gungor O. , Yilmaz V.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation is one of the leading application areas in geomatics. Since a DEM represents the bare earth surface, the very first step of generating a DEM is to separate the ground and non-ground points, which is called ground filtering. Once the point cloud is filtered, the ground points are interpolated to generate the DEM. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds have been used in many applications thanks to their success in representing the objects they belong to. Hence, in the literature, various ground filtering algorithms have been reported to filter the LiDAR data. Since the LiDAR data acquisition is still a costly process, using point clouds generated from the UAV images to produce DEMs is a reasonable alternative. In this study, point clouds with three different densities were generated from the aerial photos taken from a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to examine the effect of point density on filtering performance. The point clouds were then filtered by means of five different ground filtering algorithms as Progressive Morphological 1D (PM1D), Progressive Morphological 2D (PM2D), Maximum Local Slope (MLS), Elevation Threshold with Expand Window (ETEW) and Adaptive TIN (ATIN). The filtering performance of each algorithm was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that the ATIN and PM2D algorithms showed the best overall ground filtering performances. The MLS and ETEW algorithms were found as the least successful ones. It was concluded that the point clouds generated from the UAVs can be a good alternative for LiDAR data.
A NOVEL SUB-PIXEL MATCHING ALGORITHM BASED ON PHASE CORRELATION USING PEAK CALCULATION
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Mo Fan , Yang Chao , Li Pin , Tian Shiqiang
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The matching accuracy of homonymy points of stereo images is a key point in the development of photogrammetry, which influences the geometrical accuracy of the image products. This paper presents a novel sub-pixel matching method phase correlation using peak calculation to improve the matching accuracy. The peak theoretic centre that means to sub-pixel deviation can be acquired by Peak Calculation (PC) according to inherent geometrical relationship, which is generated by inverse normalized cross-power spectrum, and the mismatching points are rejected by two strategies: window constraint, which is designed by matching window and geometric constraint, and correlation coefficient, which is effective for satellite images used for mismatching points removing. After above, a lot of high-precise homonymy points can be left. Lastly, three experiments are taken to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method. Excellent results show that the presented method is better than traditional phase correlation matching methods based on surface fitting in these aspects of accuracy and efficiency, and the accuracy of the proposed phase correlation matching algorithm can reach 0.1 pixel with a higher calculation efficiency.
A FRAMEWORK FOR AN AUTOMATIC SEAMLINE ENGINE
Authors: Al-Durgham M. , Downey M. , Gehrke S. , Beshah B. T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Seamline generation is a crucial last step in the ortho-image mosaicking process. In particular, it is required to convolute residual geometric and radiometric imperfections that stem from various sources. In particular, temporal differences in the acquired data will cause the scene content and illumination conditions to vary. These variations can be modelled successfully. However, one is left with micro-differences that do need to be considered in seamline generation. Another cause of discrepancies originates from the rectification surface as it will not model the actual terrain and especially human-made objects perfectly. Quality of the image orientation will also contribute to the overall differences between adjacent ortho-rectified images. Our approach takes into consideration the aforementioned differences in designing a seamline engine. We have identified the following essential behaviours of the seamline in our engine: 1) Seamlines must pass through the path of least resistance, i.e., overlap areas with low radiometric differences. 2) Seamlines must not intersect with breaklines as that will lead to visible geometric artefacts. And finally, 3), shorter seamlines are generally favourable; they also result in faster operator review and, where necessary, interactive editing cycles. The engine design also permits alteration of the above rules for special cases. Although our preliminary experiments are geared towards line imaging systems (i.e., the Leica ADS family), our seamline engine remains sensor agnostic. Hence, our design is capable of mosaicking images from various sources with minimal effort. The main idea behind this engine is using graph cuts which, in spirit, is based of the max-flow min-cut theory. The main advantage of using graph cuts theory is that the generated solution is global in the energy minimization sense. In addition, graph cuts allows for a highly scalable design where a set of rules contribute towards a cost function which, in turn, influences the path of minimum resistance for the seamlines. In this paper, the authors present an approach for achieving quality seamlines relatively quickly and with emphasis on generating truly seamless ortho-mosaics.
GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC EVALUATION OF RASAT IMAGES
Authors: Cam Ali , Topan Hüseyin , Oruç Murat , Özendi Mustafa , Bayık Çağlar
Published: June 2016

Abstract. RASAT, the second remote sensing satellite of Turkey, was designed and assembled, and also is being operated by TÜBİTAK Uzay (Space) Technologies Research Institute (Ankara). RASAT images in various levels are available free-of-charge via Gezgin portal for Turkish citizens. In this paper, the images in panchromatic (7.5 m GSD) and RGB (15 m GSD) bands in various levels were investigated with respect to its geometric and radiometric characteristics. The first geometric analysis is the estimation of the effective GSD as less than 1 pixel for radiometrically processed level (L1R) of both panchromatic and RGB images. Secondly, 2D georeferencing accuracy is estimated by various non-physical transformation models (similarity, 2D affine, polynomial, affine projection, projective, DLT and GCP based RFM) reaching sub-pixel accuracy using minimum 39 and maximum 52 GCPs. The radiometric characteristics are also investigated for 8 bits, estimating SNR between 21.8-42.2, and noise 0.0-3.5 for panchromatic and MS images for L1R when the sea is masked to obtain the results for land areas. The analysis show that RASAT images satisfies requirements for various applications. The research is carried out in Zonguldak test site which is mountainous and partly covered by dense forest and urban areas.
RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF RASAT PAN IMAGERY
Authors: Kocaman S. , Yalcin I. , Guler M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. RASAT is the second Turkish Earth Observation satellite which was launched in 2011. It operates with pushbroom principle and acquires panchromatic and MS images with 7.5 m and 15 m resolutions, respectively. The swath width of the sensor is 30 km. The main aim of this study is to analyse the radiometric and geometric quality of RASAT images. A systematic validation approach for the RASAT imagery and its products is being applied. RASAT image pair acquired over Kesan city in Edirne province of Turkey are used for the investigations. The raw RASAT data (L0) are processed by Turkish Space Agency (TUBITAK-UZAY) to produce higher level image products. The image products include radiometrically processed (L1), georeferenced (L2) and orthorectified (L3) data, as well as pansharpened images. The image quality assessments include visual inspections, noise, MTF and histogram analyses. The geometric accuracy assessment results are only preliminary and the assessment is performed using the raw images. The geometric accuracy potential is investigated using 3D ground control points extracted from road intersections, which were measured manually in stereo from aerial images with 20 cm resolution and accuracy. The initial results of the study, which were performed using one RASAT panchromatic image pair, are presented in this paper.
GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGES: CASE STUDIES OF ZONGULDAK TEST FIELD
Authors: Bayık Çağlar , Topan Hüseyin , Özendi Mustafa , Oruç Murat , Cam Ali , Abdikan Saygın
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Inclined topographies are one of the most challenging problems for geospatial analysis of air-borne and space-borne imageries. However, flat areas are mostly misleading to exhibit the real performance. For this reason, researchers generally require a study area which includes mountainous topography and various land cover and land use types. Zonguldak and its vicinity is a very suitable test site for performance investigation of remote sensing systems due to the fact that it contains different land use types such as dense forest, river, sea, urban area; different structures such as open pit mining operations, thermal power plant; and its mountainous structure. In this paper, we reviewed more than 120 proceeding papers and journal articles about geospatial analysis that are performed on the test field of Zonguldak and its surroundings. Geospatial analysis performed with imageries include elimination of systematic geometric errors, 2/3D georeferencing accuracy assessment, DEM and DSM generation and validation, ortho-image production, evaluation of information content, image classification, automatic feature extraction and object recognition, pan-sharpening, land use and land cover change analysis and deformation monitoring. In these applications many optical satellite images are used i.e. ASTER, Bilsat-1, IKONOS, IRS-1C, KOMPSAT-1, KVR-1000, Landsat-3-5-7, Orbview-3, QuickBird, Pleiades, SPOT-5, TK-350, RADARSAT-1, WorldView-1-2; as well as radar data i.e. JERS-1, Envisat ASAR, TerraSAR-X, ALOS PALSAR and SRTM. These studies are performed by Departments of Geomatics Engineering at Bülent Ecevit University, at İstanbul Technical University, at Yıldız Technical University, and Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation at Leibniz University Hannover. These studies are financially supported by TÜBİTAK (Turkey), the Universities, ESA, Airbus DS, ERSDAC (Japan) and Jülich Research Centre (Germany).
EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL OF SATELLITE HYPERSPECTRAL RESURS-P DATA FOR FOREST SPECIES CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Brovkina O. , Hanuš J. , Zemek F. , Mochalov V. , Grigorieva O. , Pikla M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Satellite-based hyperspectral sensors provide spectroscopic information in relatively narrow contiguous spectral bands over a large area which can be useful in forestry applications. This study evaluates the potential of satellite hyperspectral Resurs-P data for forest species mapping. Firstly, a comparative study between top of canopy reflectance obtained from the Resurs-P, from the airborne hyperspectral scanner CASI and from field measurement (FieldSpec ASD 4) on selected vegetation cover types is conducted. Secondly, Resurs-P data is tested in classification and verification of different forest species compartments. The results demonstrate that satellite hyperspectral Resurs-P sensor can produce useful informational and show good performance for forest species classification comparable both with forestry map and classification from airborne CASI data, but also indicate that developments in pre-processing steps are still required to improve the mapping level.
Current Status of International Airborne Platform Data and Instrument Interface Standards
Authors: Freer Matt , Webster Chris , Freundinger Larry
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Commission I of the International Society for Photogrammetric and Remote Sensing formed working group I/1 for the purpose of standardizing airborne platform interfaces. The primary mission of this working group is to promote the standardization of instrument interfaces, data formats, and supporting infrastructures; and to facilitate more efficient, flexible, and cost-effective international science flight operations. Within WGI/1 are a number of focused subgroups. This paper addresses the efforts of some of these subgroups having interdependent and overlapping interests; including the development of standard software interfaces for sensors, standardized approaches to management of information over potentially intermittent wireless data links, the development of standardized processing algorithms, and data archival format standards. The data in this report reflect the outcome of work-to-date in the current subgroups.
MULTI-SATELLITE SCHEDULING APPROACH FOR DYNAMIC AREAL TASKS TRIGGERED BY EMERGENT DISASTERS
Authors: Niu X. N. , Zhai X. J. , Tang H. , Wu L. X.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The process of satellite mission scheduling, which plays a significant role in rapid response to emergent disasters, e.g. earthquake, is used to allocate the observation resources and execution time to a series of imaging tasks by maximizing one or more objectives while satisfying certain given constraints. In practice, the information obtained of disaster situation changes dynamically, which accordingly leads to the dynamic imaging requirement of users. We propose a satellite scheduling model to address dynamic imaging tasks triggered by emergent disasters. The goal of proposed model is to meet the emergency response requirements so as to make an imaging plan to acquire rapid and effective information of affected area. In the model, the reward of the schedule is maximized. To solve the model, we firstly present a dynamic segmenting algorithm to partition area targets. Then the dynamic heuristic algorithm embedding in a greedy criterion is designed to obtain the optimal solution. To evaluate the model, we conduct experimental simulations in the scene of Wenchuan Earthquake. The results show that the simulated imaging plan can schedule satellites to observe a wider scope of target area. We conclude that our satellite scheduling model can optimize the usage of satellite resources so as to obtain images in disaster response in a more timely and efficient manner.
DETECTION OF CRACKS IN PAVED ROAD SURFACE USING LASER SCAN IMAGE DATA
Authors: Choi J. , Zhu L. , Kurosu H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In the current study, we developed a methodology for detecting cracks in the surface of paved road using 3D digital surface model of road created by measuring with three-dimensional laser scanner which works on the basis of the light-section method automatically. For the detection of cracks from the imagery data of the model, the background subtraction method (Rolling Ball Background Subtraction Algorithm) was applied to the data for filtering out the background noise originating from the undulation and gradual slope and also for filtering the ruts that were caused by wearing, aging and excessive use of road and other reasons. We confirmed the influence from the difference in height (depth) caused by forgoing reasons included in a data can be reduced significantly at this stage. Various parameters of ball radius were applied for checking how the result of data obtained with this process vary according to the change of parameter and it becomes clear that there are not important differences by the change of parameters if they are in a certain range radius. And then, image segmentation was performed by multi-resolution segmentation based on the object-based image analysis technique. The parameters for the image segmentation, scale, pixel value (height/depth) and the compactness of objects were used. For the classification of cracks in the database, the height, length and other geometric property are used and we confirmed the method is useful for the detection of cracks in a paved road surface.
A NEW AUTOMATIC SYSTEM CALIBRATION OF MULTI-CAMERAS AND LIDAR SENSORS
Authors: Hassanein M. , Moussa A. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In the last few years, multi-cameras and LIDAR systems draw the attention of the mapping community. They have been deployed on different mobile mapping platforms. The different uses of these platforms, especially the UAVs, offered new applications and developments which require fast and accurate results. The successful calibration of such systems is a key factor to achieve accurate results and for the successful processing of the system measurements especially with the different types of measurements provided by the LIDAR and the cameras. The system calibration aims to estimate the geometric relationships between the different system components. A number of applications require the systems be ready for operation in a short time especially for disasters monitoring applications. Also, many of the present system calibration techniques are constrained with the need of special arrangements in labs for the calibration procedures. In this paper, a new technique for calibration of integrated LIDAR and multi-cameras systems is presented. The new proposed technique offers a calibration solution that overcomes the need for special labs for standard calibration procedures. In the proposed technique, 3D reconstruction of automatically detected and matched image points is used to generate a sparse images-driven point cloud then, a registration between the LIDAR generated 3D point cloud and the images-driven 3D point takes place to estimate the geometric relationships between the cameras and the LIDAR.. In the presented technique a simple 3D artificial target is used to simplify the lab requirements for the calibration procedure. The used target is composed of three intersected plates. The choice of such target geometry was to ensure enough conditions for the convergence of registration between the constructed 3D point clouds from the two systems. The achieved results of the proposed approach prove its ability to provide an adequate and fully automated calibration without sophisticated calibration arrangement requirements. The proposed technique introduces high potential for system calibration for many applications especially those with critical logistic and time constraints such as in disaster monitoring applications.
DETERMINING SPATIO-TEMPORAL CADASTRAL DATA REQUIREMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OF LADM FOR TURKEY
Authors: Alkan M. , Polat Z. A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Nowadays, the nature of land title and cadastral (LTC) data in the Turkey is dynamic from a temporal perspective which depends on the LTC operations. Functional requirements with respect to the characteristics are investigated based upon interviews of professionals in public and private sectors. These are; Legal authorities, Land Registry and Cadastre offices, Highway departments, Foundations, Ministries of Budget, Transportation, Justice, Public Works and Settlement, Environment and Forestry, Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Culture and Internal Affairs, State Institute of Statistics (SIS), execution offices, tax offices, real estate offices, private sector, local governments and banks. On the other hand, spatio-temporal LTC data very important component for creating infrastructure of Land Administration Model (LADM). For this reason, spatio-temporal LTC data needs for LADM not only updated but also temporal. The investigations ended up with determine temporal analyses of LTC data, traditional LTC system and tracing temporal analyses in traditional LTC system. In the traditional system, the temporal analyses needed by all these users could not be performed in a rapid and reliable way. The reason for this is that the traditional LTC system is a manual archiving system. The aims and general contents of this paper: (1) define traditional LTC system of Turkey; (2) determining the need for spatio-temporal LTC data and analyses for core domain model for LADM. As a results of temporal and spatio-temporal analysis LTC data needs, new system design is important for the Turkish LADM model. Designing and realizing an efficient and functional Temporal Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) is inevitable for the Turkish LADM core infrastructure. Finally this paper outcome is creating infrastructure for design and develop LADM for Turkey.
Time forecast of a break-off event from a hanging glacier
Authors: Faillettaz Jérome , Funk Martin , Vagliasindi Marco
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A cold hanging glacier located on the south face of the Grandes Jorasses (Mont Blanc, Italy) broke off on the 23 and 29 September 2014 with a total estimated ice volume of 105 000 m3. Thanks to accurate surface displacement measurements taken up to the final break-off, this event was successfully predicted 10 days in advance, enabling local authorities to take the necessary safety measures. The break-off event also confirmed that surface displacements experienced a power law acceleration along with superimposed log-periodic oscillations prior to the final rupture. This paper describes the methods used to achieve a satisfactory time forecast in real time and demonstrates, using a retrospective analysis, their potential for the development of early-warning systems in real time.
The past, present, and future viscous heat dissipation available for Greenland subglacial conduit formation
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Tulaczyk Slawek M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Basal hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) influences its dynamics and mass balance through basal lubrication and ice/bed de-coupling, or efficient water removal and ice/bed coupling. Variations in subglacial water pressure through the seasonal development of the subglacial hydrological system help control ice velocity. Larger conduits melted by the viscous dissipation of heat from surface runoff may lead to efficient drainage systems that lower subglacial water pressure, increase effective stress, and reduce ice velocity. Conduit opening occurs primarily due to viscous heat dissipation (VHD) associated with flow of subglacial water. In this study we quantify the energy available for VHD historically, at present, and under future climate scenarios. At present, 345 km3 of annual runoff with a gravitational potential energy of 2.9 x 1018 J (2.9 EJ) delivers 1.9 EJ to the base of the ice sheet per year. These values are already ~ 35 % more than the historical 1900s average of 1.4 EJ year-1 at the bed which was comparable to geothermal heat flux (GHF) of 1.1 EJ year-1 under the runoff area. By 2100 under IPCC AR5 RCP8.5 (RCP4.5), 1278 (524) km3 of runoff with gravitational potential energy of 14.3 (4.9) EJ year-1 will deliver 9.0 (3.2) EJ year-1. In the future, there may be a ~ 5-fold increase in VHD, 100 % of which is assumed to melt open subglacial conduits. In comparison, the area of the bed accessed by runoff remains roughly constant and therefore comparable GHF increases only slightly compared to historical values. With increasing surface meltwater penetration to the bed the basal heat budget in the ablation zone of the GIS will be increasingly dominated by VHD and relatively less sensitive to GHF, which may result in changes in the ice flow field and its seasonal variability.
La alquería de Pereila, un poblamiento andalusí en la Algarbía malagueña
Authors: Ordóñez Frías Antonio , Aguilar Simón Agustina
Published: June 2016

El poblamiento rural de origen andalusí en la antigua Algarbía malagueña es un gran desconocido para la historiografía medieval. Las excavaciones y prospecciones con metodología arqueológica son prácticamente inexistentes y el recurso a la documentación escrita, en concreto la de origen castellana, ha dado un resultado muy limitado. Como excepción tenemos la información correspondiente al antiguo espacio residencial de Pereila y su territorio. La alquería estaba situada dentro del actual término municipal de Coín (Málaga) y un pleito en el 1537 entre el cabildo Catedralicio de Málaga y los beneficiados de Coín por el cobro del diezmo de dicho lugar, nos ha aportado una información valiosa sobre los límites territoriales del poblamiento, y en menor medida, de sus espacios de trabajo. También utilizaremos la metodología propia de la arqueología extensiva y los principios de la arqueología hidráulica que nos servirán para complementar la información aportada por la documentación escrita.
Toledo, locus terribilis. Iglesia y milagro en el De viris illustribus de Ildefonso de Toledo
Authors: Castro Dolores
Published: June 2016

A mediados del siglo VII, el obispo Ildefonso de Toledo (657-667) elaboró su propio catálogo de hombres ilustres, continuando una tradición cuyos orígenes cristianos se remontaban a Jerónimo en el siglo IV. Sin embargo, en lugar de reproducir los modelos de sus antecesores cristianos, entre los que se incluyen además a Genadio de Marsella e Isidoro de Sevilla, el De viris illustribus de Ildefonso incorporaba cambios significativos en el género. Este artículo estudia el tópico del milagro en el opúsculo toledano con el objetivo de indagar qué tipo de relación estableció la Iglesia visigoda de la segunda mitad del siglo VII con este tipo de fenómenos y qué estrategias elaboró en función de él.
El clima intuido en el Madrid medieval a través de sus documentos y del Libro de la Montería (siglos XIV-XVI)
Authors: Vera Yagüe Carlos Manuel
Published: June 2016

El presente trabajo pretende analizar cuáles eran las características climáticas que se sucedían en Madrid y su Tierra a lo largo del año, fundamentalmente entre los siglos XIV y XVI. Se intentará comprobar, dentro de las limitaciones que impone la documentación de la época, si en aquel tiempo se daba también un clima mediterráneo, o no, y si este ha variado mucho desde entonces. Igualmente se podrá comprobar algo que tal vez podría, aunque no debería, sorprendernos: el hombre medieval tenía muy claros muchos conceptos meteorológicos y climatológicos, aunque siempre aprehendidos con una finalidad práctica, para aplicarlos en su vida cotidiana tan cercana y dependiente de la naturaleza.
La création poétique à travers la "Correspondance Jules Supervielle-Etiemble"
Authors: Feki Kamel
Published: June 2016

A travers l’étude de la Correspondance Jules Supervielle-Etiemble et sa confrontation avec les manifestes du poète que sont  « Eléments d’une poétique » et « En songeant à un art poétique », notre article tente de définir la spécificité de la conception supervilienne de la poésie tout en évoquant les difficultés du poète à extérioriser, dans les premières années de sa jeunesse, les images inhérentes à son univers intérieur, et en faisant l’inventaire de quelques principes qui régissent son activité poétique : le refus de toutes les esthétiques et de toutes les techniques qui régissent préalablement la création poétique, l’adoption d’une technique a posteriori ou d’une « technique mouvante qui ne se fixe qu’à chaque poème », le travail de corrections, de retouches et de ratures, et le culte de l’oubli considéré moins comme une défaillance de la mémoire que comme le catalyseur des associations et images inattendues.
Les verbes causatifs dans les textes scientifiques : essai de typologie
Authors: El Khamissy Racha
Published: June 2016

La causalité est une des notions les plus fondamentales de la vie humaine. La vulgarisation scientifique se base sur l’établissement fréquent de relations causales par le truchement d'indices linguistiques. Ainsi, la causalité y est perceptible à l'aide de marques explicites, se manifestant au niveau lexical. Dans de nombreuses situations, afin de valider la relation causale, il faut récupérer des termes plus ou moins explicites qui apparaissent au niveau morphosyntaxique. Viennent enfin les procédés implicites d’expression de la cause ou "la causalité non marquée" linguistiquement.
James Sacré, une écriture de gestes de vie
Authors: Fernández Erquicia Irati
Published: June 2016

Dans la poésie française contemporaine, quelques poètes cherchent un retour et une remise en valeur de l’énonciation du sujet poétique. Au sein de ce panorama, le poète James Sacré constituerait un exemple de cette nouvelle approche qui voudrait retrouver l’expression du sujet poétique tout en évitant de tomber dans l’excès, l’ornementation et l’effusivité poétiques. Cette approche est mise en place à travers l’utilisation d’un langage simple, qui met en valeur la lisibilité, et qui n’hésite pas à prendre comme point de départ le côté le plus banal et anodin de la réalité. L’article étudie plus en profondeur l’un des procédés utilisés par le poète pour rétablir l’expression du sujet poétique, qui consiste en la mise en place d’une écriture de gestes de vie, ce qui montre le lien indéniable existant dans la poésie de Sacré entre la vie et les mots poétiques.
Difusión teatral del transformismo: El caso de "Les deux Jockos", 1825
Authors: Lajoinie Dominguez María Teresa
Published: June 2016

Durante el siglo XIX el transformismo irrumpe en el panorama científico, una irrupción cuyas implicaciones filosóficas y sociales se traducen, entre otros, en obras teatrales en las que la temática refleja la difusión de estas nuevas ideas. Les deux Jockos, de 1825, ejemplifica ese grupo de representaciones que ponen en escena el debate transformista en una sociedad todavía dominada por los preceptos fijistas defendidos desde las instituciones y las élites sociales de la época. Así pues, el análisis de la obra permitirá desvelar aquellos elementos relacionados con el nuevo paradigma de naturaleza propuesto, al tiempo que evidencia la capacidad de influencia de la realidad histórica, social y cultural sobre el género teatral.
Autour de la guerre dans les textes beauvoiriens
Authors: Ledwina Anna
Published: June 2016

Le cauchemar de la Seconde Guerre mondiale touchant directement et quotidiennement Simone de Beauvoir à travers la souffrance commune, les menaces différentes, la mort omniprésente et les destructions, ainsi que la séparation avec un homme aimé donnent à constater l’impuissance de l’être humain, en particulier de l’intellectuel face à la violence extrême. Dans ce contexte, la femme de lettres prend conscience de la nécessité d’agir au nom de la vie et du bien commun. Ainsi vit-elle l’évolution d’une existentialiste subtile et indépendante, concentrée sur le développement et le bonheur personnels, en une écrivaine authentiquement intéressée par un autre homme et ses besoins élémentaires. Le drame de la guerre permet à Simone de Beauvoir d’analyser plus profondément la misère de l’existence humaine et d’aborder des sujets non explorés.>
ENTRE A DOGMATIZAÇÃO E O ESQUECIMENTO: PAULO FREIRE E A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira
Published: June 2016

O texto discute a presença residual da obra de Paulo Freire, na formação docente inicial, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa e longitudinal com eixo temporal prospectivo, tendo por base informações coletadas junto a 395 acadêmicos do curso de pedagogia de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior localizada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, no recorte temporal de 2006 a 2013.  O acompanhamento do tema por um período de tempo expandido, permitiu estabelecer marcos incidentes, além de localizar recorrências temáticas e comparações.  A compilação das informações possibilitou dividir a presença do autor no curso a partir de duas categorias: o dogma e o esquecimento; além de sinalizar para o progressivo esvaziamento do pensamento freireano, enquanto base de formação.  Como conclusão, aponta-se o possível enfraquecimento do legado freireano na formação daqueles sujeitos.
LOURENÇO FILHO E A NACIONALIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO PRIMÁRIO (1917-1945)
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech Andrzej
Published: June 2016

Filho de pai português e mãe sueca, Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho traria consigo desde a mais tenra infância a inquietação com a nacionalidade. De origem modesta, nascido em 1897 numa pequenina cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, ele compartilharia com os brasileiros de sua idade as tensões, angústias e alegrias de ser filho de uma nação em busca de sua identidade no início do século XX. Formado professor em 1914, ele sentiria logo os influxos da maré crescente de nacionalismo provocado pela eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial, incorporando-o aos conteúdos do ensino primário ministrado por ele em sua cidade natal, muito deles também filhos de imigrantes. Neste trabalho procura-se reconstruir sua trajetória profissional, pontuando-se nos seus momentos mais significativos a relação entre seus conceitos de nação, estado e educação e as propostas efetivamente assumidas no âmbito do Ministério da Educação e Saúde. Essa análise permite perceber distintamente o uso que o intelectual Lourenço Filho faz de sua competência técnica para tentar impor suas concepções na definição da política educacional durante a ditadura varguista.
FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DA EDUCAÇÃO ELEMENTAR NO BRASIL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O TEMPO E A EXPERIÊNCIA (1820-1950)
Authors: Martinez Domenica
Published: June 2016

Analisa-se, historicamente, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, as transformações dos cursos de formação do professor para a educação elementar promovidos no Brasil, entre as décadas de 1820 e 1950, especialmente no que se refere ao tempo e à experiência; são destacadas as contradições desses conceitos, especificamente, quanto às aceleradas e interpostas extensão e alterações curriculares da formação inicial docente à promoção da escola para todos, de características, sobremaneira, técnico-instrumentais.