bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicaciones técnicas y prácticas de las Redes Adversarias Generativas a la Ciencia Abierta en Educación
Authors: Bethencourt-Aguilar Anabel , Castellanos-Nieves Dagoberto , Sosa-Alonso Juan José , Area-Moreira Manuel
Published: December 2022

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which are characteristic of Artificial Intelligence, allow the creation of synthetic anonymised data useful for Open Science in educational research. This study experiments with the creation of artificial data from a dataset obtained from a survey on levels of use of digital tools and frequency of personal activities with technology. The original data belong to a sample of students from postgraduate degrees at the University of La Laguna. The results show an adequate degree of similarity between the original data set and the set artificially created through predictive algorithms. Obtaining synthetic datasets equivalent to the original ones in structure, shape and extension allows the release of the data to the academic community, safeguarding the protection of confidential information and contrasting a technique that allows the promotion of Open Science from the collection and processing of the data. Generative Adversarial Networks can be used in educational research for the purpose of transparency in methodological and technical procedures and the dissemination of datasets for academic, research and educational purposes.

Las Redes Adversarias Generativas (GAN), propias de la Inteligencia Artificial, permiten la creación de datos sintéticos anonimizados útiles para hacer Ciencia Abierta dentro de la investigación educativa. El presente estudio realiza una experimentación en la creación de datos artificiales a partir de un conjunto de datos obtenidos de una encuesta sobre niveles de uso de herramientas digitales y la frecuencia de actividades personales con tecnología. Los datos originales pertenecen a una muestra de alumnado de las titulaciones de postgrado de la Universidad de La Laguna. Los resultados muestran un grado de similitud adecuado entre el conjunto de datos original y el conjunto creado artificialmente a través de algoritmos predictivos. La obtención de conjuntos de datos sintéticos equivalentes a los originales en estructura, forma y extensión permite la liberación de los datos a la comunidad académica salvaguardando la protección de la información confidencial y contrastando una técnica que permite impulsar la Ciencia Abierta desde la obtención y tratamiento de los datos. Las Redes Adversarias Generativas pueden ser utilizadas en la investigación educativa con fines hacia la transparencia en los procedimientos metodológicos y técnicos y a la difusión de conjuntos de datos para fines académicos, investigativos y educativos.
Componentwise linear powers and the $x$-condition
Authors: Herzog Jürgen , Hibi Takayuki , Moradi Somayeh
Published: December 2022

Let $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over a field and $A$ a standard graded $S$-algebra. In terms of the Gröbner basis of the defining ideal $J$ of $A$ we give a condition, called the $x$-condition, which implies that all graded components $A_k$ of $A$ have linear quotients and with additional assumptions are componentwise linear. A typical example of such an algebra is the Rees ring $\mathcal{R}(I)$ of a graded ideal or the symmetric algebra $\textrm{Sym}(M)$ of a module $M$. We apply our criterion to study certain symmetric algebras and the powers of vertex cover ideals of certain classes of graphs.
The Fermat-Torricelli problem in the projective plane
Authors: Tsakiris Manolis C. , Xu Sihang
Published: December 2022

We pose and study the Fermat-Torricelli problem for a triangle in the projective plane under the sine distance. Our main finding is that if every side of the triangle has length greater than $\sin 60^\circ $, then the Fermat-Torricelli point is the vertex opposite the longest side. Our proof relies on a complete characterization of the equilateral case together with a deformation argument.
¿Cómo se refleja la legislación educativa en los libros de texto? Un estudio de metodología mixta en relación a los contenidos mínimos de educación musical en el segundo ciclo (3-6 años) de educación infantil
Authors: Mateos-Moreno Daniel , Gallego-García Cristina Isabel
Published: December 2022

Si bien existen multitud de trabajos dedicados al estudio de la legislación educativa o de los libros de texto, son escasos los que se dedican a su investigación de forma conjunta. En el presente estudio, se ha investigado de qué manera la legislación estatal española que regula los contenidos mínimos preceptivos en Educación Infantil en la etapa de 3 a 6 años se refleja en los libros de texto, con respecto a los contenidos relativos al desarrollo de la educación musical. A través de una metodología mixta polietápica, se han llevado a cabo análisis cualitativos de teoría fundamentada y de contenido, así como análisis cuantitativos descriptivos y relacionales de clúster y de la varianza. Los resultados aportan evidencias sobre la existencia de una moderna filosofía de educación musical subyacente en la legislación estudiada, discrepancias entre esta filosofía y su desarrollo en libros de texto, así como la existencia de diferentes perfiles respecto al tratamiento de los contenidos de música. Finalmente, discutimos implicaciones de los resultados en relación al uso de los libros de texto en esta etapa educativa y en relación a la educación musical.
TELEMEDICINE PAYMENT SYSTEM BASED ON QUALITY: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Fatma Zuhaira Husna , Nugraha Ryan Rachmad
Published: December 2022

Telemedicine has been proven to improve access to care. However, it is still not sure how a payment system can accommodate high-quality telemedicine services. This paper aims to study the available payment system to accommodate telemedicine with a focus on health services quality. We conducted a scoping review of the telemedicine payment system and telemedicine quality through the PubMed and CINAHL databases including primary research, literature reviews, and expert opinion, aside from policy documents. The number of records identified through the database was 286. In addition, 195 were screened after removing duplicates, and 28 papers were included in the review after meeting the inclusion criteria. From a close look, it is concluded that, in its vast options of care, telemedicine practice can be tailored to payment systems that can be accommodated to quality. According to our review, the type of payment model used to fund telemedicine services could either bolster or hinder quality improvement, depending on the setting. Furthermore, concerns such as lack of standard reimbursement policy and privacy concerns need to be mitigated early to accommodate the integration of telemedicine into the existing payment system.
Vindications and Customs: Women’s Participation in Local Festive Rituals in Spain
Authors:   University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain, Montesinos Llinare Lidia , Bullen Margaret ,   University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain, Pecharromán Ferrer Begoña ,   Farapi Koop. / Ankulegi Basque Anthropological Association, Spain
Published: December 2022

This article presents an overview of studies on women’s participation in festive rituals and cultural customs in Spain. Demands by women to participate in manifestations of what is today termed intangible cultural heritage began to emerge in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, feminist anthropology has followed these processes of protest and demands for change. Events on the ground have prompted a revision of theoretical frameworks for understanding these phenomena, placing greater emphasis on the interrelationship between the social and symbolic order within the sex/gender system. In this sense, in Spain, and especially in the Basque Country, there has been an intersection between academic research, the actions of self-organised women and the public administration, bringing into dialogue the theoretical, political-activist, and institutional spheres. In this article, we focus on the strategies and practical ways in which equality is sought, materialised, and performed in festive rituals, plotting their evolution to more democratic, participatory, and egalitarian events. We conclude that the study of the fiesta from a gender perspective is crucial to rethinking the way we analyse rituals, processes of change and continuity in festive customs in relation to feminist demands. At the same time, it is a source of inspiration when plotting processes of social and symbolic transformation that question or reverse the patriarchal and hierarchical order of our societies.
Effects of saddle tilt and stirrup length on the kinetics of horseback riders
Authors: Elmeua González Marc , Šarabon Nejc
Published: December 2022

Background

How the modification of saddle fitting parameters in horse riding affects rider’s kinetics is very uncertain. The aim of this study is to describe how manipulating the two main adjustments that an end-user is likely to perform (saddle tilt and stirrup length) affects the biomechanics of a horse rider on a living horse.

Methods

Eleven showjumpers volunteered to take part in this study. Each participant performed a 120-strides standardization trial at trot and canter, with 0° saddle tilt and stirrup length that would position the rider’s knee at 90°. Following the standardization trial, four interventions were performed, which consisted of 60 strides with 60 mm shorter stirrups, 60 mm longer stirrups, 4° forward tilted saddle and 4° backward tilted saddle. Stirrup and rein tension forces were measured with tension loadcells. A symmetry index was calculated. Acceleration was measured with inertial measuring units at the helmet and back of the rider and shock attenuation was calculated.

Results

Shortening the stirrups and adjusting saddle tilt significantly enhanced shock attenuation at canter and increased force on the stirrups at trot and canter (p < 0.05). Lowering the stirrups reduced rein tension forces (p = 0.01). At trot, adjusting saddle tilt and stirrup length enhanced symmetry index on the bit (p < 0.05). These results allowed for general guidelines to be proposed, although individualization became an evident part of any saddle setup design due to a high inter-subject variability.
Prevalence, classification and dental treatment requirements of dens invaginatus by cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Yalcin Turgut Yagmur , Bektaş Kayhan Kıvanç , Yilmaz Ayca , Göksel Sevde , Ozcan İlknur , Helvacioglu Yigit Dilek
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed the evaluation of the prevalence, characteristics, types of dens invaginatus (DI) and co-observed dental anomalies to understand dental treatment requirements in anterior teeth that are susceptible to developmental anomalies by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

In this retrospective study, the anterior teeth of 958 patients were evaluated by using CBCT for the presence of DI. The demographic features, types of DI and treatment requirements were also recorded. The association between sex and the presence of DI was evaluated using chi-squared test.

Results

Seventy-three DI anomalies were detected in the anterior teeth of 49 patients (18 females, 31 males). The frequency of DI was 5.11% and the most frequently involved teeth were lateral (57.53%). Forty-six teeth were classified as Type I (63.01%), 24 as Type II (32.87%), and three as Type III (4.10%). Apical pathosis was found to be 20.54% in all DIs detected and accounted for all Type III and one-third of Type II.

Conclusions

CBCT imaging can be effective in the detection of dental anomalies such as DI and planning for root canal therapy and surgical treatments. Prophylactic interventions might be possible to prevent apical pathosis with the data obtained from CBCT images.
Integrative Curriculum Exploration of College Students' Media Literacy Education Considering Novel Curriculum Ideology and Politics
Authors: HongQing GUO
Published: December 2022

Integrative curriculum exploration of college students' media literacy education considering novel curriculum ideology and politics is studied int he paper. The digital transformation of the bottom-up dynamic planning empowers implementation mode of "two-way connectivity" of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, forming the "specialized thinking" curriculum path and a "problem-oriented" classroom path. Then, we further apply these ideas into the novel curriculum ideology and politics, and we need to reorganize and integrate the original knowledge points, and dig deeper into the ideological and political elements contained in it. The basic and enhanced suggestions are pointed to help understanding the related work.
Practice and Further Thinking of Modern Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode in University Students' Career Education
Authors: Zhuo Chen
Published: December 2022

Practice and further thinking of modern flipped classroom teaching mode in university students' career education is studied in this paper. Career education guidance in colleges and universities must conform to the development trend of new media, deeply analyze the advantages and disadvantages of new media for college students' employment and entrepreneurship, and at the same time carry out a comprehensive integration of the latest framework. The flipped classroom starts after the class. Students learn by actively searching for information or watching videos. Teachers can make some online courses and also record some videos to let students learn some knowledge actively. Accordingly, the proper combinations are considered.
Development Index System and Dynamic Analysis Framework of Sports Characteristic Towns Based on Intelligently Assisted Portrait Analysis of Camera Images
Authors: Zhu Jinbang , Wang Yanhui , Han Peilin
Published: December 2022

With the gradual deepening of the reform and opening up in the inland, many sports towns in the northwest have certain development indicators to be assessed every year. Based on the camera image algorithm, this paper intelligently analyzes the development indicator system of sports towns and builds a dynamic framework for portrait analysis. Firstly, the method processes the image information collected by the camera, finds the road edge according to the characteristics of the road information of the sports town, and then analyzes the evaluation index system of the development level of the sports town according to the road edge. The research shows that the evaluation index of the development level of towns with sports as the core feature is inseparable from the comprehensive evaluation index system of the general characteristic towns, but the indicators and dimensions embodied in the characteristics of "sports" .
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Sulphur and Boron on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum)
Authors: Teja G. Bhanu , Singh Shikha
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was carried out during Zaid 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil the of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out on Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice based on one year experimentation. The treatments are T1: 10 kg/ha Sulphur + 1 kg/ha Boron, T2: 10 kg/ha Sulphur + 1.5 kg/ha Boron, T3: 10 kg/ha Sulphur + 2 kg/ha Boron, T420 kg/ha Sulphur + 1 kg/ha Boron, T5: 20 kg/ha Sulphur + 1.5 kg/ha Boron, T6: 20 kg/ha Sulphur + 2 kg/ha Boron, T7: 30 kg/ha Sulphur + 1 kg/ha Boron, T8: 30 kg/ha Sulphur + 1.5 kg/ha Boron, T9: 30 kg/ha Sulphur + 2 kg/ha Boron are used. The results showed that application of 30 kg/ha Sulphur + 2 kg/ha Boron was recorded significantly higher plant height (96.22 cm), Plant dry weight (17.24 g/plant), whereas significantly highest Crop growth rate (8.74 g/m2/day) was recorded with the treatment 20 kg/ha Sulphur + 2 kg/ha Boron. However,Significantly maximum No. of capsules/plant (52.88), No. of Seeds/capsule (62.16), Test weight (3.29 g), Seed yield (1.35 t/ha), Stover yield (6.24 t/ha), Harvest index (17.77 %) as compared to other treatments.
Lipid Abnormalities among Libyan HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral (ARV) Drugs and ARV Naïve Patients
Authors: Younis M. Y. G. , El-Sherif Mona , Alhaddad Ahmed B.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Majority of untreated or Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treated HIV subjects may experience a lot of metabolic alterations including dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy and insulin resistance.

Aim: Due to the shortage of research data related to HIV infection. We conducted this study to assess the lipid profile in HIV infected subjects and to find a correlation between liver function enzymes and other biomarkers and serum lipid alterations among Libyan HIV subjects.

Materials and Methods: Case control study included 121 Libyan HIV-1 positive subjects (101 subjects were on First-line ARV treatment regimens and 21 untreated "Naïve") from Benghazi Medical Center (BMC) and Benghazi center for infectious diseases and immunology (BCIDI) during 2018-2019 to evaluate lipid profile and other biochemical parameters. Control group included 70 age-matched HIV negative individuals. The age range of the study participants was 20-45 years.

Results: The means of CD4 count in the ARV treated HIV subjects were significantly (P <0.014) lower compared CD4 count of untreated HIV group. The mean total cholesterol (TC) level of ARV treated HIV subjects (174 ± 42 mg/dl) was significantly (P<0.012) increased compared to untreated HIV subjects (149 ± 31mg/dl). In accordance, LDL-C levels showed a significant (P <0.014) increase in the ARV treated HIV subjects compared to the untreated HIV subjects. On the other hand, mean HDL-C showed no significant alteration in the ARV treated HIV subjects compared to untreated HIV subjects.

Conclusion: In ARV-treated HIV patients showed higher TC and LDL-C suggesting a role of these drugs upon lipid metabolism.

The mechanism by which HIV drugs affect lipid profile need to be fully understood by further research.

Unaltered HDL-C and LDL/HDL atherogenic risk ratio indicate reduced risk for developing cardiovascular disease among HIV subjects.
The prolyl hydroxylase OGFOD1 promotes cancer cell proliferation by regulating the expression of cell cycle regulators
Authors: Fujisaki Toshiya , Saito Ken , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Kondo Eisaku
Published: December 2022

OGFOD1, a prolyl‐hydroxylase, has been reported to translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to cellular stress. Here, we demonstrate that OGFOD1 regulates the transcription and post‐transcriptional stabilization of cell cycle‐related genes. OGFOD1 knockdown in lung cancer cells induced cell cycle arrest through the specific depletion of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 1, CDK2 and cyclin B1 (CCNB1) mRNAs and the nuclear accumulation of p21Cip1. Analysis of the mRNA dynamics in these cells revealed that CDK1 decreased in a time‐dependent manner, reflecting post‐transcriptional regulation by OGFOD1 and the RNA‐binding protein HuR. In contrast, the depletion of CDK2 and CCNB1 resulted from decreased transcription mediated by OGFOD1. These results indicate that OGFOD1 is required to maintain the function of specific cell cycle regulators during cancer cell proliferation.
3D Printable Ultra‐Highly Porous and Mechanically Strong Foam Materials for Multiple Applications
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Youfei , Zhang Boran , Yang Jinlong
Published: December 2022

Highly porous foam ceramics exhibit broad prospects for multifunctional applications. With the facile Pickering‐based foaming technique, wet foams consisting of nanoparticles (NPs) may exhibit high strengths. However, they also experience linear shrinkages as high as 50% after drying and sintering process. Suitable solutions for improving this situation have not been found yet. This work develops a method for fabricating NP‐made foam ceramics by tuning the interfacial chemistry of this Pickering system. Trace amounts of ethanol are used to adjust the adsorbing behavior of surfactants on the silica surface to enhance the energy of attachment of the Pickering systems. Combined with the altered capillary forces, the linear shrinkages of the foam ceramic are considerably lowered. The pore wall of the obtained foam ceramics can be tuned to either closed or open due to the “coffee ring” effect by adjusting the solid content and sintering temperature. The samples present high thermal insulating properties and high mechanical strength even the unsintered ones, which also show good stability in liquid environments. Combined with the direct ink writing (DIW) technique, these freely shaped materials with tunable pore structures can be readily exploited in tissue scaffolds, catalyst carriers, thermal insulators, battery electrodes, and liquid/gas filtration, etc.
All Two‐dimensional Integration‐Type Optoelectronic Synapse Mimicking Visual Attention Mechanism for Multi‐Target Recognition
Authors: Chen Yabo , Kang Yan , Hao Hao , Xie Xiangnan , Zeng Junwei , Xu Tao , Li Cheng , Tan Yinlong , Fang Liang
Published: December 2022

The human visual attention mechanism enables them to rapidly perceive important information and objects in a complex external scene; this effectively solves the problems of data redundancy, low‐resolution images, and substantial computing resources. The process by which the attention system reconstructs the visual information can be considered as integrating internal attention signals with external visual details in the postsynaptic neuron. However, electronic devices that simulate visual attention modulation by incorporating device characteristics into neuromorphic vision systems (NVSs) to achieve visual attention behavior are rarely reported. Herein, a synapse device that integrates optical and electrical stimulation is designed using ReS2/hBN/monolayer graphene heterojunction to mimic attention regulation and integrate multiple neuron signals successfully. The synapse array can imitate perceptual learning of the human visual system (HVS) to realize visual preprocessing, such as image contrast improvement and weak signal enhancement at the sensory terminal, and overcome data redundancy. Moreover, by applying gate voltage pulses, electric‐tunable synaptic plasticity is successfully observed, attributed to the carrier trapping and de‐trapping mechanism in the floating layer. Attention stabilization, fluctuation, distraction, and reinforcement are exhibited, simulating the attention behaviors of the HVS. Thus, an NVS with attention mechanism is established depending on the optoelectronic hybrid synaptic plasticity of the device, which successfully mimics the HVS to perform a multi‐target recognition task. Furthermore, the effect of device defects on the NVS is rarely evaluated, in which a method is provided to analyze the application results of the NVS when considering uniformity and fault rate. This study may provide new inspiration for developing neuromorphic vision systems for autonomous driving and brainwave control in the future.
Ultra‐Wideband Electrostrictive Mechanical Antenna
Authors: Xu Jianchun , Li Zhao , Pan Xuchao , Wen Xi , Cao Jinqing , Gong Wen , Yang Shaolong , Lei Ming , Yao Fangzhou , Bi Ke
Published: December 2022

Mechanical antennas based on piezoelectric materials can effectively reduce the size of long wave antennas down to 1/1000 of the wavelength (from km scale to mm level). However, the narrow bandwidth and weak field intensity seriously restrict its practical applications in transmission distance and channel capacity. Here, a mechanical antenna‐based electrostrictive effect of relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (PMN‐PT) is proposed to improve radiation capacity and achieve ultra‐wideband characteristics (10 kHz–1 MHz). Due to the ultra‐high dielectric constant at working temperature and the relationship between the strain and applied field intensity, the proposed antenna gets rid of the dependence on the poled materials and exhibits excellent communication properties beyond traditional mechanical antennas, which are experimentally demonstrated by a practical wireless communication system. Only using a single proposed mechanical antenna with 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness, the effective communication with a transmission distance of 200 m can be realized. This design offers a promising way of constructing mechanical antennas for long‐wave communication.
Embossed Template Induced Particles Assembly for Heterostructures and the Application in High‐Security Encryption
Authors: Guo Dan , Ruan Jun , Xu Yanan , Li Kaixuan , Han Yu , Guo Jinxin , Zhang Xinping , Li Yixuan , Ge Kun , Zhai Tianrui , Song Yanlin
Published: December 2022

The coassembly of primary particles into heterostructures represents a significant strategy for advanced fabrication of multi‐functional materials or devices, and templated assembly has shown remarkable advantage for deterministic placement of particles and the efficient integration with substrates. However, template induced particles coassembly, which is significant for integrating multicomponents at desired positions, is still challenging. Herein, a facile strategy of embossed templateinduced particles coassembly for diverse superstructures and precise patterns is reported. Tunable region selective assembly of particles is demonstrated by controlling the resistance force via designing the embossed edge and surface roughness of the template. Through regulating the template morphologies and particles composition, well‐controlled coassembly of “flower” shaped heterostructure and chiral superstructure arrays are realized. Furthermore, the printable nanomaterials self‐assembly template is employed to achieve totally bottom‐up fabrication of excitation responsive heterostructure arrays, in which the multi‐photons process based energy transfer is studied to show the application in high‐secure encryption. With the advantage of accurate position and compatible to different materials, this strategy is expected to provide a promising platform for fabricating micro/nanoscale advanced devices.
Tuning a Solvation Structure of Lithium Ions Coordinated with Nitrate Anions through Ionic Liquid‐Based Solvent for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Gaoxu , Liao Yaqi , Zhao Xianming , Jin Xiaopan , Zhu Zhipeng , Guan Mengjia , Li Yongsheng
Published: December 2022

Rational design of promising electrolyte is considered as an effective strategy to improve the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, an elaborately designed ionic liquid‐based electrolyte is proposed that is composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as the lithium salt, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrate ionic liquid ([EMIm][NO3] IL) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as the functional solvents, and 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) as the diluent solvent. Using [EMIm][NO3] IL as the solvent component facilitates a special Li+‐coordinated NO3− solvation structure, which enables the continues electrochemical reduction of solvated NO3− and the formation of remarkably stable and conductive solid electrolyte interface. With FEC as another functional solvent and DME as the diluent solvent, the formulated electrolyte delivers high oxidative stability and ionic conductivity, and endows improved electrochemical reaction kinetics. Therefore, the formulated electrolyte demonstrates exceedingly reversible and stable Li stripping/plating behavior with high average Coulombic efficiency (98.8%) and ultralong cycling stability (3500 h). Notably, the high‐voltage Li|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell with IL‐based electrolyte exhibits enhanced cyclability with a capacity retention of 65% after 200 cycles under harsh conditions of low negative/positive ratio (3.1) and lean electrolyte (2.5 µL mg−1). This study creates the first NO3−‐based ionic liquid electrolyte and evokes the avenue for practical high‐voltage LMBs.
Tapered Cross Section Photoelectron Spectroscopy Provides Insights into the Buried Interfaces of III‐V Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Maheu Clément , Zare Pour Mohammad Amin , Damestoy Iban , Ostheimer David , Mellin Maximilian , Moritz Dominik C. , Paszuk Agnieszka , Jaegermann Wolfram , Mayer Thomas , Hannappel Thomas , Hofmann Jan P.
Published: December 2022

Interfaces are key elements that define electronic properties of the final device. Inevitably, most of the active interfaces of III–V semiconductor devices are buried and it is therefore not straightforward to characterize them. The Tapered Cross Section Photoelectron Spectroscopy (TCS‐PES) approach is promising to address such a challenge. That the TCS‐PES can be used to study the relevant heterojunction in epitaxial III–V architectures prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated here. A MULTIPREP polishing system that enables controlling the angle between the sample holder and the polishing plate has been employed to improve the reproducibility of the polishing procedure. With this procedure, that preparing the TCS of III–V semiconductor devices with tapering angles lower than 0.02° is possible is demonstrated. The PES provides then information about the buried interfaces of Ge|GaInP and GaAs|GaInP layer stacks. Both, chemical and electronic properties have been measured by PES. It evidences that the preparation of the TCSs under an uncontrolled atmosphere modifies the pristine properties of the critical buried heterointerfaces. Surface states and reaction layers are created on the TCS surface, which restrict unambiguous conclusions on buried interface energetics.
Thin Films of Solvatomagnetic CN‐Bridged Coordination Polymers: From Micro to Nanoscale
Authors: Pacanowska Aleksandra , Fitta Magdalena , Kozieł Marcin , Nowicka Beata
Published: December 2022

Two types of thin films differing in thickness and morphology of microporous CN‐bridged hybrid organic–inorganic {[NiII(cyclam)]3[MIII(CN)6]2∙nH2O}n (M = Cr or Fe, cyclam = 1,4,7,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) coordination networks are obtained by using physical and chemical deposition techniques. By adsorption on the PET/ITO substrate of the pre‐formed nano‐sized crystallites from water suspension, films of 1–2 µm thickness composed of 40–200 nm size particles are obtained. The use of chemical sequential growth method, in which the coordination framework is anchored to the gold surface and built directly on the substrate from the cationic and anionic building blocks, reduces the film thickness to 100 nm and drastically improves film morphology. Both types of thin films show solvatomagnetic behavior characteristic for bulk compounds and change magnetic characteristics, including the shape of the magnetic hysteresis, under different humidity conditions.
Pressure‐Temperature Dual‐Parameter Flexible Sensors Based on Conformal Printing of Conducting Polymer PEDOT:PSS on Microstructured Substrate
Authors: Meng Xiangyou , Mo Lixin , Han Shaobo , Zhao Jing , Pan Yaqin , Wang Fangdong , Fang Yi , Li Luhai
Published: December 2022

Flexible sensors play an important role in collecting stimuli information and sending them to a central processing unit or cloud for analysis and decision‐making. As much information is needed to be collected, the fabrication of multiparameter flexible sensors is becoming increasingly urgent. To this end, conducting polymer‐based composites have been proven as promising materials for developing pressure‐temperature dual‐parameter sensors. However, fabrication of ideal dual‐parameter sensors with fully decoupled pressure‐temperature readings, good sensitivity, and a simple preparation process remain challenges. Here, a strategy of fabricating a pressure‐temperature dual‐parameter sensor based on conformal printing of conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on the surface of microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is demonstrated. It is found that secondary doped PEDOT:PSS provides temperature‐independent conductivity. Combined with the sea‐island microstructured PDMS substrate, a screen‐printed flexible sensor demonstrates fully decoupled pressure‐temperature reading ability, competitive sensitivity, and good stability. The excellent sensing properties of the devices, with a maximum pressure sensitivity of 134.25 kPa−1and linear response region over 300 kPa as well as highly sensitive temperature sensing for finger touch, together with their unique advantages of low‐cost and large‐area fabrication, make the printed flexible dual‐parameter sensors promising applications in electric‐skin (e‐skin), human‐machine interaction, and robotics.
Integrative Bioinspired Surface with Annular Pattern and Three Dimension Wettable Gradient for Enhancement of Fog Collection
Authors: Geng Xinxin , Xing Yan , Huan Jinmu , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: December 2022

A novel integrative bioinspired surface with annular pattern and 3D wettable gradient (APWG) is proposed for fog collection via a simple needle‐face anodic oxidation strategy. The fog collection behaviors are studied on APWG with different pattern types. Such a surface can not only improve the fog droplet capture performance effectively owing to annular wettable gradient pattern, but also realize the fog droplet capture and convergence on different surfaces to accelerate the surface regeneration rate, leading to a further fog collection enhancement. The results of experiment observation and underlying mechanism analysis have certified that such a design can realize a continuous 3D fog collection model to enhance the fog collection efficiency, resulting in a 1345% increase compared to the original surface.
Thin‐Film Composite Cyclomatrix Poly(Phenoxy)Phosphazenes Membranes for Hot Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Radmanesh Farzaneh , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Tena Alberto , Elshof Maria G. , Benes Nieck E.
Published: December 2022

An interfacial polymerization process is introduced for the fabrication of thermally stable cyclomatrix poly(phenoxy)phosphazenes thin‐film composite membranes that can sieve hydrogen from hot gas mixtures. By replacing the conventionally used aqueous phase with dimethyl sulfoxide/potassium hydroxide, a variety of biphenol molecules are deprotonated to aryloxide anions that react with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene dissolved in cyclohexane to form a thin film of a highly cross‐linked polymer film. The film membranes have persistent permselectivities for hydrogen over nitrogen (16–27) and methane (14–30) while maintaining hydrogen permeances in the order of (10−8–10−7 mol m−2s−1Pa−1) at temperatures as high as 260 °C and do not lose their performance after exposure to 450 °C. The unprecedented thermal stability of these polymer membranes opens the potential for industrial membrane gas separations at elevated temperatures.
Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy of Complex Dendritic Au Architectures for Application in Plasmon‐Mediated Photocatalysis and as SERS Substrates
Authors: Fusco Zelio , Riaz Asim , David Christin , Beck Fiona J.
Published: December 2022

Complex 3D metallic nanostructures with large surface areas and broadband absorption are attractive candidates for efficient photocatalysis and spectroscopy. Here, hierarchical Au dendrites are self‐assembled over centimeter‐scales by electrodeposition and the plasmon modes are locally mapped using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. A correlation between the spatial and spectral distribution of the plasmonic “hot‐spots” and the morphology of these structures are demonstrated. Electrodynamic simulations show that the spectra of the plasmon modes are determined by the local geometry of sharp features. Their performance as both surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates and as photocatalysts for the N‐demethylation reaction of methylene blue is investigated. High hot‐spot densities result in larger SERS enhancement, while the sample with the lowest hot‐spot density has a reaction yield 136% larger than the sample with the highest density. These findings indicate that maximizing the hot‐spot density is not sufficient to optimize plasmonic substrates for all applications. The spectral and spatial distribution of the plasmon resonances will modify the hot electron generation efficiency and need to be considered for plasmon‐enhanced photocatalysis. This work extends the understanding of light–matter interactions in complex 3D structures and provides direction for the rational design of plasmonic architectures for different applications.
Modulate the Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy for High Performance MoS2 Photosensing−Memory Device
Authors: Peng Zhenghan , Luo Xiai , Liang Kexin , Tan Chao , Gao Libin , Wang Zegao
Published: December 2022

Developing memristor with photosensing behavior would facilitate the construction of an advanced neuromorphic computing framework for future sensing−memory−computing integrated system. Although the memristor has already got much attention, its optoelectronic sensing mechanism is still unclear, thus the enhancement is challenging. Herein, a MoS2 memristor is fabricated on the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Bi1.5MgNb1.5O7 thin film. By combining the voltage stress and photoexcitation, the memristor, its photosensing property, and their correlation have been systematically studied. The results show that the interfacial oxygen vacancy can trap the photogenerated electron obeying the photogating effect which tunes the Fermi level of MoS2 and exhibits tunable hysteresis behavior. The photoexcitation mechanism has been studied showing wavelength and voltage‐dependent photosensing−memory performance. The responsivity can reach up to 2 × 1011 V W−1 at 550 nm illumination and the hysteresis ratio (ΔH/Vg), one of the factors determining the memory, can be modulated by 40 times, which is larger than for previous 2D materials‐based memristors. Contour maps of external quantum efficiency show illumination, voltage, and wavelength dependence where the value becomes larger at lower illumination power density and higher voltage. This study reveals the interfacial enhanced photosensing mechanism of MoS2 device and provides new way to enrich memristor performance.
Robust Displacement Sensing by Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator Via Intelligent Waveform Recognition
Authors: Dai Keren , Miao Xuyi , Zhang Wenling , Huang Xiaohua , Zhang He , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: December 2022

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) facilitates the advancement of self‐powered displacement sensors, which are important for many autonomous intelligent microsystems. However, the amplitude‐based displacement sensing of conventional TENG‐based sensors still suffers significantly from varying charge densities in harsh environments. Benefiting from the combination of intelligent signal processing algorithms and direct‐current TENG sensors, this study proposes an environmentally robust character‐based displacement sensing method that eliminates the influences of varying charge density in principle. The experimental results show that under drastically changing air humidity and other harsh environments, the sensing of threshold and maximum displacement has far superior consistency and stability than that of traditional amplitude‐based TENG sensors, providing a novel route to realize reliable self‐powered displacement sensing in environment‐variable applications.
Growth and tissue nutrient responses of adults of Sarracenia alata to prey exclusion, nutrient addition, and neighbor reduction
Authors: Holloway Jalen C. , Stephen Brewer J.
Published: December 2022

Premise

Carnivorous plants are often associated with nutrient‐poor soils and fires. Fire can decrease available soil nitrogen (N) and increase light availability, thus potentially favoring carnivory if prey provide N. Prey can also be a source of phosphorus (P), however, and soil P‐availability often increases and competition for prey can decrease following fire. Carnivory thus might be more advantageous before fire when prey and/or soil P are more limiting.

Methods

We examined nutrient limitation of growth in a carnivorous plant, Sarracenia alata, in a wet pine savanna in southeastern Mississippi, USA. We measured growth and N:P tissue concentration responses of adult plants to a factorial arrangement of prey capture, neighbor reduction, and addition of N, P, and ash to the soil. We tested two hypotheses: (1) Prey provide N, and neighbor reduction and ash addition increase light and soil P and thus the benefit of carnivory; and (2) Prey provide P, neighbor reduction increases prey and/or P, and prey exclusion reduces growth the most when neighbors are not reduced.

Results

The exclusion of prey reduced growth more when neighbors were not reduced, an effect that was ameliorated slightly by the addition of P to the soil (the P‐limitation hypothesis). Prey exclusion caused a decrease in tissue P when N was added to the soil.

Conclusions

The results of this study with adult plants differed from those of a previous study using small juvenile plants, suggesting a shift from light limitation to P and prey limitation with increasing size.
Whole‐exome rare‐variant analysis of Alzheimer's disease and related biomarker traits
Authors: Küçükali Fahri , Neumann Alexander , Van Dongen Jasper , De Pooter Tim , Joris Geert , De Rijk Peter , Ohlei Olena , Dobricic Valerija , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , De Roeck Ellen , Vandenberghe Rik , Gabel Silvy , Meersmans Karen , Tsolaki Magda , Verhey Frans , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Oliver , Richardson Jill C , Bordet Régis ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Scheltens Philip , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Johannsen Peter , Frölich Lutz , Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Streffer Johannes , Lovestone Simon , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Kate Mara ten , Barkhof Frederik , Zetterberg Henrik , Bertram Lars , Strazisar Mojca , Visser Pieter Jelle , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Sleegers Kristel ,   the EMIF‐AD Study Group
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Despite increasing evidence of a role of rare genetic variation in the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), limited attention has been paid to its contribution to AD‐related biomarker traits indicative of AD‐relevant pathophysiological processes.

Methods

We performed whole‐exome gene‐based rare‐variant association studies (RVASs) of 17 AD‐related traits on whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data generated in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF‐AD MBD) study (n = 450) and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from ADNI (n = 808).

Results

Mutation screening revealed a novel probably pathogenic mutation (PSEN1 p.Leu232Phe). Gene‐based RVAS revealed the exome‐wide significant contribution of rare coding variation in RBKS and OR7A10 to cognitive performance and protection against left hippocampal atrophy, respectively.

Discussion

The identification of these novel gene–trait associations offers new perspectives into the role of rare coding variation in the distinct pathophysiological processes culminating in AD, which may lead to identification of novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
Einzelpartikel‐Elektrochemie belegt die dynamische Transformation von Cu2O und Co3O4 während der Tandemkatalyse zur Umwandlung von NO3− in NH3
Authors: Zhang Jian , He Wenhui , Quast Thomas , Junqueira João R. C. , Saddeler Sascha , Schulz Stephan , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Die elektrochemische Umwandlung von Nitrat in Ammoniak ist ein wichtiger und nachhaltiger Ansatz zur Wiederherstellung des weltweit gestörten Stickstoffkreislaufs. Die rationale Entwicklung von Katalysatoren für die Nitratreduktionsreaktion (NO3RR) auf der Grundlage eines detaillierten Verständnisses des Reaktionsmechanismus ist von großer Bedeutung. Wir berichten über einen Cu2O+Co3O4‐Tandemkatalysator, der die NH3‐Produktionsrate im Vergleich zu Co3O4 um das ≈2.7‐fache und im Vergleich zu Cu2O um das ≈7.5‐fache steigert. Am wichtigsten ist jedoch, dass wir einzelne würfelförmige Cu2O‐ und Co3O4‐Nanopartikel einzeln und zusammen auf Kohlenstoff‐Nanoelektroden platzieren, was einen Einblick in den Mechanismus der Tandemkatalyse ermöglicht. Die Struktur‐ und Phasenentwicklung der einzelnen Cu2O+Co3O4‐Nanowürfel während der NO3RR wird mit Hilfe der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie an identischer Stelle belegt. Die Kombination von Einzelpartikel‐Elektrochemie mit präziser Nanopositionierung wirft ein direktes Licht auf die dynamische Umwandlung einzelner Katalysatorpartikel während der Tandemkatalyse.
Die Diantimonkomplexe [CpR2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐Sb2)] (CpR=C5H5, C5H4tBu) als unerwartete stabilisierende Liganden von Silber(I)n (n=1–4)‐Monomeren, ‐Dimeren und ‐Ketten
Authors: Shelyganov Pavel A. , Elsayed Moussa Mehdi , Seidl Michael , Scheer Manfred
Published: December 2022

Die Synthese und Reaktivität von Übergangsmetallverbindungen mit “nackten” Pnictogenatomen ist ein aktueller Forschungsgegenstand mit außergewöhnlichen Bindungsmustern in den erhaltenen Produkten. Innerhalb dieses Gebietes ist insbesondere das Koordinationsverhalten von Komplexen mit Pn‐ und Asn‐ (2≤n≤5) Einheiten Gegenstand intensiver Forschungen. Untersuchungen zu den schwereren Homologen wurden bisher kaum durchgeführt, da geringe Ausbeuten und eine nur mäßige Luftstabilität hohe Hürden darstellen. Nunmehr legen wir eine erste grundlegende Studie vor, die die Reaktivität metallorganischer Komplexe mit Sb‐Donoratomen gegenüber verschiedenen AgI‐Salzen adressiert. Diese Reaktionen führten zu 12 neuartigen Verbindungen als Monomere, Dimere sowie drei‐ und viergliedrige Ketten aus AgI‐Ionen, die in der Literatur bisher als unzugänglich galten. Interatomare Abstände sowie computergestützte Belege, die mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden erhalten wurden, weisen auf Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag‐Wechselwirkungen in allen Komplexen hin, die mehr als ein AgI‐Ion enthalten.
Cu/SaBox‐Catalyzed Photoinduced Coupling of Acylsilanes with Alkynes
Authors: Zheng Long , Guo Xueying , Li Ying‐Chao , Wu Yichen , Xue Xiao‐Song , Wang Peng
Published: December 2022

The transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction with Fischer metal carbene intermediates bearing an electron‐rich alkoxyl or siloxyl group remains a big challenge due to the lack of readily available corresponding carbene precursors. Herein, we report the coupling of alkynes with the Fischer‐type copper carbene species bearing aα‐siloxyl group, which could be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox‐neutral conditions. The side‐arm modified bisoxazoline (SaBox) ligands prove to be crucial for this coupling reaction, which provides the corresponding alkynyl alcohol in high yields with remarkable heterocycle tolerance and broad substrate scope.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Plasticizers by Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed Di‐ or Multi‐carbonylations
Authors: Hu Yuya , Sang Rui , Vroemans Robby , Mollaert Guillaume , Razzaq Rauf , Neumann Helfried , Junge Henrik , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Maes Bert U. W. , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2022

Diesters are of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and are used for many applications, e.g. as plasticizers, surfactants, emulsifiers, and lubricants. Herein, we present a straightforward and efficient method for the selective synthesis of diesters via palladium‐catalyzed direct carbonylation of di‐ or polyols with readily available alkenes. Key‐to‐success is the use of a specific palladium catalyst with the “built‐in‐base” ligand L16 providing esterification of all alcohols and a high n/iso ratio. The synthesized diesters were evaluated as potential plasticizers in PVC films by measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg) via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).