bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of laminar flame finite thickness on the structure of turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Kha Kim Q. N. , Robin Vincent , Mura Arnaud , Champion Michel
Published: December 2015

A layered description of the structure of turbulent flame brushes is provided for situations featuring large but finite values of the Damköhler number, which correspond to the wrinkled flame regime of turbulent premixed combustion. One special focus of this study is placed on the description of the leading edge of the turbulent flame brush, the role of which is known to be essential with respect to propagation, transport and stabilization issues. On the basis of rather simple and well-identified working hypotheses, the influence of slight increases in the Karlovitz number values is revealed. The phenomenology and associated statistics are also investigated analytically, which leads to a mathematical description of the leading edge internal structure. With respect to the progress variable statistics, i.e. probability density function, this leading edge can indeed be thought of as the inner part of a boundary layer where the influence of the finite thickness of laminar flamelets can no longer be neglected. From the proposed description, standard fast-chemistry closures, which are currently used to perform the numerical simulation of turbulent combustion, may easily be generalized to account for the finite-rate chemistry effects occurring in this sublayer, thus emphasizing the interest of the present analysis for turbulent combustion theory and modelling.
Globalization and the Development of Industrial Clusters: Comparing Two Norwegian Clusters, 1900–2010
Authors: Amdam Rolv Petter , Bjarnar Ove
Published: December 2015

This article explores how clusters have reacted to the recent process of globalization by comparing the development of two clusters that are located in the same region, the county of Møre og Romsdal in Norway. These are the furniture cluster and the maritime cluster on the west coast of Norway. When international competition increased, the first one declined while the other prospered and became more global. Structural differences explain only partly the different development paths of these clusters. In addition, firms’ strategic actions and the degree of collectively shared visions about international operations mattered for how the clusters developed.
Feeding habits of the short-finned squidIllex coindetiiin the western Mediterranean Sea using combined stomach content and isotopic analysis
Authors: Martínez-Baena Francisco , Navarro Joan , Albo-Puigserver Marta , Palomera Isabel , Rosas-Luis Rigoberto
Published: December 2015

The ommastrephid squid,Illex coindetii, is one of the most abundant cephalopods in the Mediterranean Sea and an important predator in the ecosystem. In the present study, we examined the diet habits ofI. coindetiiin the north-western Mediterranean Sea by combining two complementary approaches: stomach content and stable isotopic analyses. Specifically, we examined whether the diet differed between sizes and seasons. Stomach content results indicated that the diet ofI. coindetiiwas composed of 35 prey items including four major groups; namely the crustaceansPasiphaea sivado, Amphipods, squid of the Order Teuthida, and pelagic and mesopelagic fish. Differences were found among different ontogenetic sizes: juvenile individuals fed mainly on crustaceans (%IRI = 77.59), whereas adult individuals fed on a wider range of prey items, including the shrimpP. sivado(%IRI = 33.21), the amphipodAnchylomera blossevillei(%IRI = 0.91), the decapodPlesionikasp. (%IRI = 0.19), the carangidTrachurus trachurus(%IRI = 0.34) and some Myctophids species (%IRI = 0.21). Differences were also found between seasons in the year. In winter, crustaceans were the main prey items, whereas in summer the diversity of prey was higher, including fish, crustaceans and molluscs. Similar to the stomach contents, stable isotopic results indicated differences among sizes. δ15N values were higher in adult squids than in juveniles because they fed on prey at higher trophic levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that feeding habits ofI. coindetiivary seasonally and ontogenetically. These feeding variations may be associated with trophic competence scenarios based on size, and also with the availability and abundance of prey throughout the year.
Influence of host diet and phylogeny on parasite sharing by fish in a diverse tropical floodplain
Authors: LIMA L. B. , BELLAY S. , GIACOMINI H. C. , ISAAC A. , LIMA-JUNIOR D. P.
Published: December 2015

The patterns of parasite sharing among hosts have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, and are influenced by several ecological and evolutionary factors associated with both hosts and parasites. Here we evaluated the influence of fish diet and phylogenetic relatedness on the pattern of infection by parasites with contrasting life history strategies in a freshwater ecosystem of key ecological importance in South America. The studied network of interactions included 52 fish species, which consumed 58 food types and were infected with 303 parasite taxa. Our results show that both diet and evolutionary history of hosts significantly explained parasite sharing; phylogenetically close fish species and/or species sharing food types tend to share more parasites. However, the effect of diet was observed only for endoparasites in contrast to ectoparasites. These results are consistent with the different life history strategies and selective pressures imposed on these groups: endoparasites are in general acquired via ingestion by their intermediate hosts, whereas ectoparasites actively seek and attach to the gills, body surface or nostrils of its sole host, thus not depending directly on its feeding habits.
Effect of dc-magnetic field on the growth rate of Raman backscattering of X-mode laser in magnetized collisional plasma
Authors: Paknezhad Alireza
Published: December 2015

Stimulated Raman backward scattering of an X-mode laser beam propagating in a homogenous plasma is studied in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. As the laser propagates in its X-mode in plasma, it decays into an upper hybrid wave and a down-shifted sideband wave. Beating the incident laser with the sideband exerts a nonlinear ponderomotive force acting on plasma electrons driving the excited upper hybrid wave. The incident wave then parametrically couples with the upper hybrid wave to drive the sideband. Using the fluid model and nonlinear current density, the nonlinear ponderomotive force is obtained to find the dispersion relation of the scattered sideband wave and the growth rate of the instability in the weakly relativistic regime. It is shown that the growth rate decreases and the cut-off points in the normalized wave number of the upper-hybrid wave become smaller by increasing the static magnetic field.
INTERACTION BETWEEN OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND SUBJECTIVE USER PERCEPTIONS IN THE EVALUATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Haydock Matthew D. , Mittal Anubhav , Wilkes Carissa F. , Lim David H. , Broadbent Elizabeth , Windsor John A.
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Medical technology is a large and expanding industry. Introducing new medical devices is important but several challenges exist in implementing the optimal method of evaluation. Both objective and subjective measures can be used for evaluation. The former is the mainstay of evaluation, yet subjective assessment is often the basis for the introduction of new medical technology. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction and concordance between objective and subjective assessment of new medical technology.

Methods: This study used both objective performance measures and subjective user perceptions in the evaluation of a new medical device designed to improve the accuracy of gravity-assisted delivery of intravenous fluids, compared with the current, widely used “roller-clamp” device. The concordance of objective and subjective assessments was evaluated using comparative analysis.

Results: Objective assessment of the accuracy of intravenous fluid delivery revealed no difference between the two devices (p = .636). Subjective assessment revealed that the new device was perceived to be significantly more accurate (p = .001). This lack of concordance can be partially explained by both device and demand characteristics.

Conclusions: This case study reveals a significant discordance between the objective and subjective assessments. It provides some explanation for why new medical devices are adopted without objective evidence of benefit. This phenomenon has been termed “persuasive design” and its influence should be controlled for in the evaluation, purchase and introduction of new medical devices. This should help reduce the risk and associated cost of premature introduction.
Predictors of change in depressive symptoms from preschool to first grade
Authors: Reinfjell Trude , Kårstad Silja Berg , Berg-Nielsen Turid Suzanne , Luby Joan L. , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: December 2015

Children's depressive symptoms in the transition from preschool to school are rarely investigated. We therefore tested whether children's temperament (effortful control and negative affect), social skills, child psychopathology, environmental stressors (life events), parental accuracy of predicting their child's emotion understanding (parental accuracy), parental emotional availability, and parental depression predict changes in depressive symptoms from preschool to first grade. Parents of a community sample of 995 4-year-olds were interviewed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. The children and parents were reassessed when the children started first grade (n= 795). The results showed that DSM-5 defined depressive symptoms increased. Child temperamental negative affect and parental depression predicted increased, whereas social skills predicted decreased, depressive symptoms. However, such social skills were only protective among children with low and medium effortful control. Further, high parental accuracy proved protective among children with low effortful control and high negative affect. Thus, interventions that treat parental depression may be important for young children. Children with low effortful control and high negative affect may especially benefit from having parents who accurately perceive their emotional understanding. Efforts to enhance social skills may prove particularly important for children with low or medium effortful control.
The cognitive developmental profile associated with fragile X syndrome: A longitudinal investigation of cognitive strengths and weaknesses through childhood and adolescence
Authors: Quintin Eve-Marie , Jo Booil , Hall Scott S. , Bruno Jennifer L. , Chromik Lindsay C. , Raman Mira M. , Lightbody Amy A. , Martin Arianna , Reiss Allan L.
Published: December 2015

Few studies have investigated developmental strengths and weaknesses within the cognitive profile of children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome (FXS), a single-gene cause of inherited intellectual impairment. With a prospective longitudinal design and using normalized raw scores (Zscores) to circumvent floor effects, we measured cognitive functioning of 184 children and adolescents with FXS (ages 6 to 16) using the Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Children on one to three occasions for each participant. Participants with FXS received lower raw scores relative to the Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Children normative sample across the developmental period. Verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, and processing speedZscores were marked by a widening gap from the normative sample, while freedom from distractibilityZscores showed a narrowing gap. Key findings include a relative strength for verbal skills in comparison with visuospatial–constructive skills arising in adolescence and a discrepancy between working memory (weakness) and processing speed (strength) in childhood that diminishes in adolescence. Results suggest that the cognitive profile associated with FXS develops dynamically from childhood to adolescence. Findings are discussed within the context of aberrant brain morphology in childhood and maturation in adolescence. We argue that assessing disorder-specific cognitive developmental profiles will benefit future disorder-specific treatment research.
The fate of proteins in outer space
Authors: Seddon Gavin M. , Bywater Robert Paul
Published: December 2015

It is well established that any properly conducted biophysical studies of proteins must take appropriate account of solvent. For water-soluble proteins it has been an article of faith that water is largely responsible for stabilizing the fold, a notion that has recently come under increasing scrutiny. Further, there are some instances when proteins are studied experimentally in the absence of solvent, as in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or electrospray mass spectrometry, for example, or in organic solvents for protein engineering purposes. Apart from these considerations, there is considerable speculation as to whether there is life on planets other than Earth, where conditions including the presence of water (both in liquid or vapour form and indeed ice), temperature and pressure may be vastly different from those prevailing on Earth. Mars, for example, has only 0.6% of Earth's mean atmospheric pressure which presents profound problems to protein structures, as this paper and a large corpus of experimental work demonstrate. Similar objections will most likely apply in the case of most exoplanets and other bodies such as comets whose chemistry and climate are still largely unknown.

This poses the question, how do proteins survive in these different environments? In order to cast some light on these issues we have conducted a series of molecular dynamics simulations on protein dehydration under a variety of conditions. We find that, while proteins undergoing dehydration can retain their integrity for a short duration they ultimately become disordered, and we further show that the disordering can be retarded if superficial water is kept in place on the surface. These findings are compared with other published results on protein solvation in an astrobiological and astrochemical setting. Inter alia, our results suggest that there are limits as to what to expect in terms of the existence of possible extraterrestrial forms as well to what can be achieved in experimental investigations on living systems despatched from Earth. This finding may appear to undermine currently held hopes that life will be found on nearby planets, but it is important to be aware that the presence of ice and water are by themselves not sufficient; there has to be an atmosphere which includes water vapour at a sufficiently high partial pressure for proteins to be active. A possible scenario in which there has been a history of adequate water vapour pressure which allowed organisms to prepare for a future desiccated state by forming suitable protective capsules cannot of course be ruled out.
Dual-band low-profile planar antenna for mobile communication application
Authors: Dai Xi-Wang , Zhou Tao , Guan Bo-Ran
Published: December 2015

A novel dual-band planar antenna with a low profile for mobile communication system is proposed in this paper. The antenna is composed of one shorted patch with two radiating notches for low frequency resonance and one square patch for high frequency resonance. The low profile is achieved via the shorting patch, which introduces the parallel electrical field between the reflector and antenna. A step-impedance microstrip line is used to feed the antenna. The coupling between the square patch and microstrip line cancels out the inductance of shorting probe, which increases the working bandwidth of proposed antenna. A prototype with a low profile of 0.0286λ is fabricated and measured. The antenna achieves dual impedance bandwidths of 1.6% for the low frequency band and 60% for the high frequency band, covering the frequency range 851–865 MHz and 1.97–3.65 GHz, respectively. The measured results show good agreements with the simulated ones.
Analysis of an integrated lens antenna fed by SIW slot array using a hybrid MoM–PO method
Authors: Bayderkhani Reza , Forooraghi Keyvan , Arnieri Emilio , Abbasi-Arand Bijan , Virdee Bal S.
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a very fast and highly efficient full-wave hybrid method for analyzing an integrated dielectric lens antenna (ILA) fed by multilayered substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna/array. The feeding antenna structure is modeled as a stacked parallel-plate waveguide with metallic posts, coupling, and radiating slots. Physical optics method in conjunction with three-dimensional ray tracing technique is employed to analyze the effect of the dielectric lens on the SIW feeding slots. Fields in the SIW structure are computed by considering the Dyadic Green's function expressed as an expansion of vectorial cylindrical eigenfunctions and taking into account scattering at the conducting posts. Slots are modeled with equivalent magnetic currents expressed as a sum of domain basis functions. By imposing continuity of the tangential components of the fields an integral equation is obtained that is solved with the application of method-of-moments. In order to validate the proposed technique, a hemispherical ILA fed by a double-layered SIW cavity which is backed with slot antenna is analyzed. Excellent agreement is obtained with HFSS software together with significant improvement in computational time and memory requirements.
Praxisrelevante Probleme und Komplikationen nach bariatrischen Operationen
Authors: Gebhart Martina
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Anzahl Patienten, die einen bariatrischen Eingriff zur Behandlung ihrer Adipositas erhalten, steigt schnell. Aus diesem Grund ist die Kenntnis der wichtigsten Folgen von bariatrischen Operationen zunehmend wichtig. Der Mini-Review gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten gastrointestinalen Symptome, wie Schmerzen, Dumping, Diarrhö und ihre Behandlungsansätze. Er beschreibt die möglichen Mikronährstoffmängel, die medikamentösen Anpassungen im postoperativen Verlauf und erwähnt die möglichen ungünstigen Folgen im Verlauf, hier vor allem die zu grosse Gewichtsabnahme, die ungenügende Gewichtsabnahme sowie die sekundäre Gewichtszunahme nach bariatrischer Operation.
Suicide-Related Concerns as a Mediator Between Physical Abuse and Self-Harm Behaviors in College Students
Authors: Brausch Amy M. , Holaday Tara C.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Background: Multiple studies have found correlations between history of abuse and self-harm behaviors, but few have examined potential mediators. Studying suicide-related concerns as a mediator in this relationship could inform the interpersonal theory of suicide by identifying acquired capability as a necessary component in self-harm behavior. Aims: This study examined the link between childhood physical abuse, self-injurious behaviors, and suicide-related concerns in young adults. It was hypothesized that more physical abuse and fewer suicide-related concerns would predict self-harm behaviors, and that suicide-related concerns would mediate this relationship. Method: A sample of 212 university students completed self-report measures that assessed self-harm behavior history, reasons for living, and childhood physical abuse. Results: Results supported the hypothesis that more instances of abuse and less concern about pain and death were significantly associated with greater self-harm history. Suicide-related concerns also mediated the relationship between physical abuse and self-harm behaviors. Conclusion: These results support recent theories that habituation to painful and provocative events is an important mechanism in explaining why people engage in self-injurious acts, and provides initial evidence for cognitive mediators between physical abuse and self-harm.
Longitudinal Factor Analysis and Measurement Invariance of Sense of	Coherence and General Self-Efficacy in Adolescence
Authors: Grevenstein Dennis , Bluemke Matthias
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Sense of coherence (SOC) and General Self-efficacy (GSE) are trait-like self-regulatory attributes, supposedly benefitting health. Previous data on their factorial validity and longitudinal stability in adolescent samples have been inconclusive. The present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance (MI), and stability coefficients of SOC and GSE among German adolescents in a longitudinal design over the course of nine years from age 15 to age 24. Results supported the factorial validity of both scales. GSE parameters were invariant up to the level of strict invariance, whereas for SOC partial scalar and strict invariance were attainable after modifications. Here we document reliability, validity, and factor mean changes of the SOC and GSE scales from adolescence to young adulthood. Interindividual differences in SOC were moderately stable. Though this implies limited sensitivity to intraindividual developmental changes, it qualifies SOC for long-term predictions. GSE was conspicuously less stable, raising questions about its long-term criterion validity.
Structure of Contingent Self-Esteem
Authors: Schwinger Malte , Schöne Claudia , Otterpohl Nantje
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Contingent Self-Esteem (CSE) has been conceptualized in two different ways in the literature. Some theorists have emphasized that self-esteem may be generally dependent on external outcomes, while others have argued that people’s self-esteem is contingent on experiences related to specific domains (e.g., academic performance). However, relying on a particular definition of CSE may lead to different consequences for both research and practice. In this article, we sought to clarify whether contingent self-esteem represents a global, domain-specific, or hierarchically organized construct. Three large samples of German college students responded to two popular contingent self-esteem instruments and various validity measures. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses clearly favored a domain-specific model over unidimensional and hierarchical models. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses in Study 3 indicated that participants’ depression and other important life outcomes could be better predicted by domain-specific facets than by global scores of contingent self-esteem. Compared to previous research, our findings provide a more thorough empirical and conceptual basis for favoring a domain-specific approach to contingent self-esteem. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Measurement Invariance in a Grid-Based Measure of Academic	Self-Concept
Authors: Baudson Tanja Gabriele , Jung Nora , Freund Philipp Alexander
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Grid-based measures, where item stems are rated across diverse domains or subjects, represent an economic measure to assess multifaceted constructs such as academic self-concept. Although testing for measurement invariance between groups (e.g., based on gender or age) and within subjects over time (e.g., in longitudinal research) is common practice, research on invariance across domains is still lacking. We examine measurement invariance across selected self-concept domains in the Differentiated School Self-Concept (DISC) Grid as an example of grid-based self-concept measures. Using a highly diverse student sample, we assessed invariance of the DISC grid across three academic domains (German, English, and mathematics). Based on adequate model fit within each domain, the DISC grid proved to be strictly invariant across the three subject-specific self-concepts (German, English, and mathematics). Implications for theory (e.g., Möller and Marsh’s Dimensional Comparison Theory), empirical research (e.g., on the Internal/External Frame of Reference model), assessment (e.g., regarding other measures using similarly worded items across domains, such as the Self-Description Questionnaires [SDQ]), and practice (e.g., academic counseling) are discussed.
Customer-Related Social Stressors
Authors: Dudenhöffer Sarah , Dormann Christian
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to replicate the dimensions of the customer-related social stressors (CSS) concept across service jobs, to investigate their consequences for service providers’ well-being, and to examine emotional dissonance as mediator. Data of 20 studies comprising of different service jobs (N = 4,199) were integrated into a single data set and meta-analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses and explorative principal component analysis confirmed four CSS scales: disproportionate expectations, verbal aggression, ambiguous expectations, disliked customers. These CSS scales were associated with burnout and job satisfaction. Most of the effects were partially mediated by emotional dissonance. Further analyses revealed that differences among jobs exist with regard to the factor solution. However, associations between CSS and outcomes are mainly invariant across service jobs.
Conversion of Reactance Motives Into Effortful Goal	Pursuit
Authors: Wright Rex A. , Agtarap Stephanie D. , Mlynski Christopher
Published: December 2015

Abstract. As originally formulated, Brehm’s theory of psychological reactance posited two manifestations of reactance, (1) an increased desire to exercise the threaten freedom, and (2) an increased tendency to exercise that freedom. The theory included no statement about what determines the intensity of reactant striving, although many have assumed that striving intensity should be proportional to the magnitude of reactance, that is, the strength of the reactance motive. Conceptual links between Brehm’s reactance theory and his later theory of motivation intensity have rarely been made. However, the motivation intensity theory in fact has important implications for how reactance motives should convert into effortful goal pursuit. This article identifies central motivation intensity theory implications and discusses in summary a body of evidence that bears them out, albeit indirectly. The broad indication is that reactance should increase the willingness to deploy effort in the interest of restoring or confirming freedoms, with the conversion of willingness into action depending on what can, will, and must be done to achieve these ends.
Early‐life exercise may promote lasting brain and metabolic health through gut bacterial metabolites
Authors: Mika Agnieszka , Fleshner Monika
Published: December 2015

The 100 trillion microorganisms residing within our intestines contribute roughly 5 million additional genes to our genetic gestalt, thus posing the potential to influence many aspects of our physiology. Microbial colonization of the gut shortly after birth is vital for the proper development of immune, neural and metabolic systems, while sustaining a balanced, diverse gut flora populated with beneficial bacteria is necessary for maintaining optimal function of these systems. Although symbiotic host–microbial interactions are important throughout the lifespan, these interactions can have greater and longer lasting impacts during certain critical developmental periods. A better understanding of these sensitive periods is necessary to improve the impact and effectiveness of health‐promoting interventions that target the microbial ecosystem. We have recently reported that exercise initiated in early life increases gut bacterial species involved in promoting psychological and metabolic health. In this review, we emphasize the ability of exercise during this developmentally receptive time to promote optimal brain and metabolic function across the lifespan through microbial signals.
The microscopic structure of charge density waves in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.54 revealed by X-ray diffraction
Authors: Forgan E. M. , Blackburn E. , Holmes A. T. , Briffa A. K. R. , Chang J. , Bouchenoire L. , Brown S. D. , Liang Ruixing , Bonn D. , Hardy W. N. , Christensen N. B. , Zimmermann M. V. , Hücker M. , Hayden S. M.
Published: December 2015

Charge density wave (CDW) order appears throughout the underdoped high-temperature cuprate superconductors, but the underlying symmetry breaking and the origin of the CDW remain unclear. We use X-ray diffraction to determine the microscopic structure of the CDWs in an archetypical cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.54 at its superconducting transition temperature ∼60 K. We find that the CDWs in this material break the mirror symmetry of the CuO2 bilayers. The ionic displacements in the CDWs have two components, which are perpendicular and parallel to the CuO2 planes, and are out of phase with each other. The planar oxygen atoms have the largest displacements, perpendicular to the CuO2 planes. Our results allow many electronic properties of the underdoped cuprates to be understood. For instance, the CDWs will lead to local variations in the electronic structure, giving an explicit explanation of density-wave states with broken symmetry observed in scanning tunnelling microscopy and soft X-ray measurements.
Cold-sensing regulates Drosophila growth through insulin-producing cells
Authors: Li Qiaoran , Gong Zhefeng
Published: December 2015

Across phyla, body size is linked to climate. For example, rearing fruit flies at lower temperatures results in bigger body sizes than those observed at higher temperatures. The underlying molecular basis of this effect is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that the temperature-dependent regulation of Drosophila body size depends on a group of cold-sensing neurons and insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Electrically silencing IPCs completely abolishes the body size increase induced by cold temperature. IPCs are directly innervated by cold-sensing neurons. Stimulation of these cold-sensing neurons activates IPCs, promotes synthesis and secretion of Drosophila insulin-like peptides and induces a larger body size, mimicking the effects of rearing the flies in cold temperature. Taken together, these findings reveal a neuronal circuit that mediates the effects of low temperature on fly growth.
Linker histone H1 and H3K56 acetylation are antagonistic regulators of nucleosome dynamics
Authors: Bernier Morgan , Luo Yi , Nwokelo Kingsley C. , Goodwin Michelle , Dreher Sarah J. , Zhang Pei , Parthun Mark R. , Fondufe-Mittendorf Yvonne , Ottesen Jennifer J. , Poirier Michael G.
Published: December 2015

H1 linker histones are highly abundant proteins that compact nucleosomes and chromatin to regulate DNA accessibility and transcription. However, the mechanisms that target H1 regulation to specific regions of eukaryotic genomes are unknown. Here we report fluorescence measurements of human H1 regulation of nucleosome dynamics and transcription factor (TF) binding within nucleosomes. H1 does not block TF binding, instead it suppresses nucleosome unwrapping to reduce DNA accessibility within H1-bound nucleosomes. We then investigated H1 regulation by H3K56 and H3K122 acetylation, two transcriptional activating histone post translational modifications (PTMs). Only H3K56 acetylation, which increases nucleosome unwrapping, abolishes H1.0 reduction of TF binding. These findings show that nucleosomes remain dynamic, while H1 is bound and H1 dissociation is not required for TF binding within the nucleosome. Furthermore, our H3K56 acetylation measurements suggest that a single-histone PTM can define regions of the genome that are not regulated by H1.
Long-term neural and physiological phenotyping of a single human
Authors: Poldrack Russell A. , Laumann Timothy O. , Koyejo Oluwasanmi , Gregory Brenda , Hover Ashleigh , Chen Mei-Yen , Gorgolewski Krzysztof J. , Luci Jeffrey , Joo Sung Jun , Boyd Ryan L. , Hunicke-Smith Scott , Simpson Zack Booth , Caven Thomas , Sochat Vanessa , Shine James M. , Gordon Evan , Snyder Abraham Z. , Adeyemo Babatunde , Petersen Steven E. , Glahn David C. , Reese Mckay D. , Curran Joanne E. , Göring Harald H. H. , Carless Melanie A. , Blangero John , Dougherty Robert , Leemans Alexander , Handwerker Daniel A. , Frick Laurie , Marcotte Edward M. , Mumford Jeanette A.
Published: December 2015

Psychiatric disorders are characterized by major fluctuations in psychological function over the course of weeks and months, but the dynamic characteristics of brain function over this timescale in healthy individuals are unknown. Here, as a proof of concept to address this question, we present the MyConnectome project. An intensive phenome-wide assessment of a single human was performed over a period of 18 months, including functional and structural brain connectivity using magnetic resonance imaging, psychological function and physical health, gene expression and metabolomics. A reproducible analysis workflow is provided, along with open access to the data and an online browser for results. We demonstrate dynamic changes in brain connectivity over the timescales of days to months, and relations between brain connectivity, gene expression and metabolites. This resource can serve as a testbed to study the joint dynamics of human brain and metabolic function over time, an approach that is critical for the development of precision medicine strategies for brain disorders.
Predicting cancerlectins by the optimal g-gap dipeptides
Authors: Lin Hao , Liu Wei-Xin , He Jiao , Liu Xin-Hui , Ding Hui , Chen Wei
Published: December 2015

The cancerlectin plays a key role in the process of tumor cell differentiation. Thus, to fully understand the function of cancerlectin is significant because it sheds light on the future direction for the cancer therapy. However, the traditional wet-experimental methods were money- and time-consuming. It is highly desirable to develop an effective and efficient computational tool to identify cancerlectins. In this study, we developed a sequence-based method to discriminate between cancerlectins and non-cancerlectins. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to choose the optimal feature set derived from the g-gap dipeptide composition. The jackknife cross-validated results showed that the proposed method achieved the accuracy of 75.19%, which is superior to other published methods. For the convenience of other researchers, an online web-server CaLecPred was established and can be freely accessed from the website http://lin.uestc.edu.cn/server/CalecPred. We believe that the CaLecPred is a powerful tool to study cancerlectins and to guide the related experimental validations.
Long-lived Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using Mesoporous LiTi2(PO4)3@C Anode
Authors: Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , He Kejian , Ren Yu , Liu Suqin , Wang Haiyan
Published: December 2015

The instability of anode materials during cycling has been greatly limiting the lifetime of aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLBs). Here, to tackle this issue, mesoporous LiTi2(PO4)3@C composites with a pore size of 4 nm and a large BET surface area of 165 m2 g−1 have been synthesized by a novel two-step approach. The ARLB with this type of LiTi2(PO4)3@C anode, commercial LiMn2O4 cathode and 2 M Li2(SO4) aqueous solution (oxygen was removed) exhibited superior cycling stability (a capacity retention of 88.9% after 1200 cycles at 150 mA g−1 and 82.7% over 5500 cycles at 750 mA g−1) and excellent rate capability (discharge capacities of 121, 110, 90 and 80 mAh g−1 based on the mass of LiTi2(PO4)3 at 30, 150, 1500, and 3000 mA g−1, respectively). As verified, the mesoporous structure, large surface area and high-quality carbon coating layer of the LiTi2(PO4)3@C composite contribute to the breakthrough in achieving excellent electrochemical properties for ARLB.
A Petal-type Chiral NADH Model: Design, Synthesis and its Asymmetric Reduction
Authors: Bai Cui-Bing , Wang Nai-Xing , Wang Yan-Jing , Xing Yalan , Zhang Wei , Lan Xing-Wang
Published: December 2015

A new type of NADH model compound has been synthesized by an efficient and convenient method. This model compound exhibits high reactivity and enantioselectivity in asymmetric reduction reactions. The results show that chiral NADH model S could be effectively combined with Mg2+ to form ternary complexes. This novel C3 symmetrical NADH model is capable of fluorescence emission at 460 nm when excited at 377 nm.
Quantifying replicative senescence as a tumor suppressor pathway and a target for cancer therapy
Authors: Rodriguez-Brenes Ignacio A. , Wodarz Dominik , Komarova Natalia L.
Published: December 2015

To study quantitatively replicative senescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism, we investigate the distribution of a growing clonal cell population restricted by Hayflick’s limit. We find that in the biologically relevant range of parameters, if the imbalance between cell division and death is moderate or low (high death-to-birth ratio), senescence offers significant protection against cancer by halting abnormal cell proliferation at early pre-diagnostic stages of tumor development. We also find that by the time tumors are typically detected, there is a high probability that telomerase is activated, even if the cell of origin was telomerase negative. Hence, the fact that most cancers are positive for telomerase is not necessarily an indication that cancer originated in a telomerase positive cell. Finally, we discuss how the population dynamics of cells can determine the outcomes of anti-telomerase cancer therapies and provide guidelines on how the model could potentially be applied to develop clinically useful tools to predict the response to treatment by telomerase inhibitors in individual patients.
Revealing text in a complexly rolled silver scroll from Jerash with computed tomography and advanced imaging software
Authors: Hoffmann Barfod Gry , Larsen John Møller , Lichtenberger Achim , Raja Rubina
Published: December 2015

Throughout Antiquity magical amulets written on papyri, lead and silver were used for apotropaic reasons. While papyri often can be unrolled and deciphered, metal scrolls, usually very thin and tightly rolled up, cannot easily be unrolled without damaging the metal. This leaves us with unreadable results due to the damage done or with the decision not to unroll the scroll. The texts vary greatly and tell us about the cultural environment and local as well as individual practices at a variety of locations across the Mediterranean. Here we present the methodology and the results of the digital unfolding of a silver sheet from Jerash in Jordan from the mid-8th century CE. The scroll was inscribed with 17 lines in presumed pseudo-Arabic as well as some magical signs. The successful unfolding shows that it is possible to digitally unfold complexly folded scrolls, but that it requires a combination of the know-how of the software and linguistic knowledge.
Extreme decay of meteoric beryllium-10 as a proxy for persistent aridity
Authors: Valletta Rachel D. , Willenbring Jane K. , Lewis Adam R. , Ashworth Allan C. , Caffee Marc
Published: December 2015

The modern Antarctic Dry Valleys are locked in a hyper-arid, polar climate that enables the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) to remain stable, frozen to underlying bedrock. The duration of these dry, cold conditions is a critical prerequisite when modeling the long-term mass balance of the EAIS during past warm climates and is best examined using terrestrial paleoclimatic proxies. Unfortunately, deposits containing such proxies are extremely rare and often difficult to date. Here, we apply a unique dating approach to tundra deposits using concentrations of meteoric beryllium-10 (10Be) adhered to paleolake sediments from the Friis Hills, central Dry Valleys. We show that lake sediments were emplaced between 14–17.5 My and have remained untouched by meteoric waters since that time. Our results support the notion that the onset of Dry Valleys aridification occurred ~14 My, precluding the possibility of EAIS collapse during Pliocene warming events. Lake fossils indicate that >14 My ago the Dry Valleys hosted a moist tundra that flourished in elevated atmospheric CO2 (>400 ppm). Thus, Dry Valleys tundra deposits record regional climatic transitions that affect EAIS mass balance, and, in a global paleoclimatic context, these deposits demonstrate how warming induced by 400 ppm CO2 manifests at high latitudes.
Vasculogenic dynamics in 3D engineered tissue constructs
Authors: Blinder Yaron J. , Freiman Alina , Raindel Noa , Mooney David J. , Levenberg Shulamit
Published: December 2015

Implantable 3D engineered vascular tissue constructs can be formed by co-culturing endothelial and fibroblast cells on macroporous scaffolds. Here we show that these constructs can be used for studying the dynamics of neovascular formation in-vitro by a combination of live confocal imaging and an array of image processing and analysis tools, revealing multiple distinct stages of morphogenesis. We show that this process involves both vasculogenic and angiogenic elements, including an initial endothelial multicellular cluster formation followed by rapid extensive sprouting, ultimately resulting in a stable interconnected endothelial network morphology. This vascular morphogenesis is time-correlated with the deposition and formation of an extensive extra-cellular matrix environment. We further show that endothelial network junctions are formed by two separate morphogenic mechanisms of anastomosis and cluster thinning.
Mapping the genetic diversity of HLA haplotypes in the Japanese populations
Authors: Saw Woei-Yuh , Liu Xuanyao , Khor Chiea-Chuen , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Katsuya Tomohiro , Kimura Ryosuke , Nabika Toru , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Tabara Yasuharu , Yamamoto Ken , Yokota Mitsuhiro ,   Japanese Genome Variation Consortium, Akiyama Koichi , Asano Hiroyuki , Asayama Kei , Haga Toshikazu , Hara Azusa , Hirose Takuo , Hosaka Miki , Ichihara Sahoko , Imai Yutaka , Inoue Ryusuke , Ishiguro Aya , Isomura Minoru , Isono Masato , Kamide Kei , Kato Norihiro , Katsuya Tomohiro , Kikuya Masahiro , Kohara Katsuhiko , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Matsuda Ayako , Metoki Hirohito , Miki Tetsuro , Murakami Keiko , Nabika Toru , Nakatochi Masahiro , Ogihara Toshio , Ohnaka Keizo , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Satoh Michihiro , Shiwaku Kunihiro , Sugimoto Ken , Tabara Yasuharu , Takami Yoichi , Takayanagi Ryoichi , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Tsubota-Utsugi Megumi , Yamamoto Ken , Yamamoto Koichi , Yamasaki Masayuki , Yasui Daisaku , Yokota Mitsuhiro , Teo Yik-Ying , Kato Norihiro
Published: December 2015

Japan has often been viewed as an Asian country that possesses a genetically homogenous community. The basis for partitioning the country into prefectures has largely been geographical, although cultural and linguistic differences still exist between some of the districts/prefectures, especially between Okinawa and the mainland prefectures. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region has consistently emerged as the most polymorphic region in the human genome, harbouring numerous biologically important variants; nevertheless the presence of population-specific long haplotypes hinders the imputation of SNPs and classical HLA alleles. Here, we examined the extent of genetic variation at the MHC between eight Japanese populations sampled from Okinawa and six other prefectures located in or close to the mainland of Japan, specifically focusing at the haplotypes observed within each population and what the impact of any variation has on imputation. Our results indicated that Okinawa was genetically farther to the mainland Japanese than were Gujarati Indians from Tamil Indians, while the mainland Japanese from six prefectures were more homogeneous than between northern and southern Han Chinese. The distribution of haplotypes across Japan was similar, although imputation was most accurate for Okinawa and several mainland prefectures when population-specific panels were used as reference.
Contrasting levels of absorption of intense femtosecond laser pulses by solids
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar , Cui Y. Q. , Adak Amitava , Lad Amit D. , Chatterjee Gourab , Brijesh P. , Sheng Z. M. , Kumar G. Ravindra
Published: December 2015

The absorption of ultraintense, femtosecond laser pulses by a solid unleashes relativistic electrons, thereby creating a regime of relativistic optics. This has enabled exciting applications of relativistic particle beams and coherent X-ray radiation and fundamental leaps in high energy density science and laboratory astrophysics. Obviously, central to these possibilities lies the basic problem of understanding and if possible, manipulating laser absorption. Surprisingly, the absorption of intense light largely remains an open question, despite the extensive variations in target and laser pulse structures. Moreover, there are only few experimental measurements of laser absorption carried out under very limited parameter ranges. Here we present an extensive investigation of absorption of intense 30 femtosecond laser pulses by solid metal targets. The study, performed under varying laser intensity and contrast ratio over four orders of magnitude, reveals a significant and non-intuitive dependence on these parameters. For contrast ratio of 10−9 and intensity of 2 × 1019 W cm−2, three observations are revealed: preferential acceleration of electrons along the laser axis, a ponderomotive scaling of electron temperature and red shifting of emitted second-harmonic. These point towards the role of J × B absorption mechanism at relativistic intensity. The experimental results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.
Ca-α1T, a fly T-type Ca2+ channel, negatively modulates sleep
Authors: Jeong Kyunghwa , Lee Soyoung , Seo Haengsoo , Oh Yangkyun , Jang Donghoon , Choe Joonho , Kim Daesoo , Lee Jung-Ha , Jones Walton D.
Published: December 2015

Mammalian T-type Ca2+ channels are encoded by three separate genes (Cav3.1, 3.2, 3.3). These channels are reported to be sleep stabilizers important in the generation of the delta rhythms of deep sleep, but controversy remains. The identification of precise physiological functions for the T-type channels has been hindered, at least in part, by the potential for compensation between the products of these three genes and a lack of specific pharmacological inhibitors. Invertebrates have only one T-type channel gene, but its functions are even less well-studied. We cloned Ca-α1T, the only Cav3 channel gene in Drosophila melanogaster, expressed it in Xenopus oocytes and HEK-293 cells and confirmed it passes typical T-type currents. Voltage-clamp analysis revealed the biophysical properties of Ca-α1T show mixed similarity, sometimes falling closer to Cav3.1, sometimes to Cav3.2 and sometimes to Cav3.3. We found Ca-α1T is broadly expressed across the adult fly brain in a pattern vaguely reminiscent of mammalian T-type channels. In addition, flies lacking Ca-α1T show an abnormal increase in sleep duration most pronounced during subjective day under continuous dark conditions despite normal oscillations of the circadian clock. Thus, our study suggests invertebrate T-type Ca2+ channels promote wakefulness rather than stabilizing sleep.
Sensitive detection of vortex-core resonance using amplitude-modulated magnetic field
Authors: Cui Xiaomin , Hu Shaojie , Hidegara Makoto , Yakata Satoshi , Kimura Takashi
Published: December 2015

Understanding and manipulating the dynamic properties of the magnetic vortices stabilized in patterned ferromagnetic structures are of great interest owing to the superior resonant features with the high thermal stability and their flexible tunability. So far, numerous methods for investigating the dynamic properties of the magnetic vortex have been proposed and demonstrated. However, those techniques have some regulations such as spatial resolution, experimental facility and sensitivity. Here, we develop a simple and sensitive method for investigating the vortex-core dynamics by using the electrically separated excitation and detection circuits. We demonstrate that the resonant oscillation of the magnetic vortex induced by the amplitude- modulated alternating-sign magnetic field is efficiently picked up by the lock-in detection with the modulated frequency. By extending this method, we also investigate the size dependence and the influence of the magneto-static interaction in the resonant property of the magnetic vortex.