bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS, HEALTHCARE USE, AND OUTMIGRATION OF OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO AFTER HURRICANE MARIA
Authors: Kim Jeung Hyun , Lee Yoojin , Liao Yanru , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz
Published: January 2025

Puerto Rico’s historic net migration loss spiked after Hurricane Maria, which devastated its economy and health system (e.g., from 1.4% to 3.4% outmigration among all Puerto Rican Medicare beneficiaries and about 60% increase in the net-migration loss before/after September 2017). This research examined whether the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) among the older adults in Puerto Rico associated with their decision to migrate to the U.S. mainland, particularly after the year of the Hurricane. The data was derived from the Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF), and focused on fee-for-service enrollees in Puerto Rico (n=72,117 from the MBSF 2017/67,985 from the MBSF 2018). Logistic regression showed that older adults who were diagnosed with ADRD were significantly more likely to move to the mainland compared to the non-ADRD individuals in 2017 and 2018. In addition, higher levels of healthcare utilization were strongly related to the outmigration decision. When stratified by age (i.e., 65+ or 80+), these associations remained consistent. These results may suggest that older adults with ADRD in Puerto Rico may have moved to the mainland to seek better healthcare (i.e., long-term care) in the years after the Hurricane, and higher levels of their healthcare use may have contributed to their outmigration decisions. While many studies focus on the young generation to capture the Hispanic migration flow to the U.S., our study shows that the complex health needs of older adults, including the very old ones, propel the emerging outmigration trend in Puerto Rico.
DOES LONELINESS MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN LATER LIFE?
Authors: Ren Jinnan , Ferraro Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Research has consistently linked negative childhood experiences to cognitive decline in later life, but the mechanisms that may mediate this relationship remain unclear. This study explores the influence of early-life adversity (ELA) and loneliness on cognitive function in later life. We analyzed three waves of data (2006-2010) from the Health and Retirement Study (N=10,787) to compare the potential influence of an ELA composite and six distinct ELA domains (SES disadvantage, disruptive home environment, risky parental behavior, chronic disease, impairment, and risky adolescent behavior) on cognitive function in later life. In addition, we examined whether loneliness in later life mediates this relationship using structural equation modeling. We found that the ELA composite was not associated with a decline in cognition two years later. However, in terms of ELA domains, SES disadvantage, disruptive home environment, risky parental behavior, and impairment in childhood are each associated with cognitive function in later life. Further, results indicated that loneliness partially mediated the relationship between two specific ELA domains — (a) disruptive home environment and (b) risky parental behavior — and cognitive function. However, the direct effects of ELA composite and risky adolescent behavior on cognitive function were insignificant, indicating complete mediation by loneliness in these cases. This study demonstrates how loneliness mediates the relationship between certain early-life risk factors and later-life cognitive decline. It highlights the importance of policy interventions aimed at reducing harmful family environments and addressing adolescent behavior issues. Strategies to reduce loneliness in later life may protect cognitive function among older adults.
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOEDUCATION ON BURDEN, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN DEMENTIA FAMILY CAREGIVERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Shin Hyeyeon , Wandee Chanchanok , O’Mathuna Donal
Published: January 2025

As dementia cases rise globally, caregiving becomes increasingly prolonged and demanding compared to other chronic illnesses, leading to heightened risks of caregiver burden, depression, and anxiety. Evaluating psychoeducation is crucial as it provides caregivers with knowledge, coping strategies, and support to manage their mental health and caregiving responsibilities. This review assesses the effectiveness of psychoeducation interventions on caregiver burden, depression, and anxiety among family caregivers of dementia patients. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO using relevant terms and assessed study quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where the control group received usual care or other interventions. We reviewed 23 articles involving 2,651 informal caregivers. All articles evaluated caregiver burden, with 11 studies showing statistically significant reductions. Depression was assessed in 16 articles, with 8 demonstrating statistically significant positive effects, while anxiety was measured in 9 articles, with 4 reporting significant improvements. Among these, one study targeting a specific population showed significant effects on both burden and depression. In another study, although overall depression scores in the intervention group were not statistically significant, a subgroup with scores above the cutoff line showed positive effects, whereas the control group’s outcomes worsened. Overall, 50% of the studies reported significant positive effects of psychoeducation. Despite some studies lacking statistical significance, reductions in scores indicate that psychoeducation can alleviate caregiver burden, depression, and anxiety. Further research and development of targeted interventions for vulnerable populations are needed.
EVALUATING CPLA2 ACTIVITY IN APOE4 CSF AFTER PREVENTE4 DHA SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ogunade Temi , Yassine Hussein , Duro Marlon Vincent
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele is the greatest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Most intervention studies involving omega-3 supplements share inconsistent results in APOE4 carriers, calling for a deeper examination of the mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory properties. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, releasing fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) which modulate intracellular signaling pathways that influence differences in inflammation and lipid metabolism similar to AD pathology. The PreventE4 trial is a randomized, double-blind study that investigates the relationship between the APOE4 genotype and brain DHA delivery. 368 cognitively unimpaired adults with cardiovascular risk factors for dementia are given high DHA supplementation or a placebo. Among the group, 184 participants are APOE4 carriers and 184 are non-APOE4 carriers. The study questions if APOE4 limits DHA delivery to the brain. Our lab has demonstrated that calcium dependent PLA2 activity (cPLA2) is increased in APOE4 carriers with AD dementia. We hypothesize that APOE4 is associated with greater cPLA2 activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in a lower increase in CSF DHA levels after supplementation. I propose to measure cPLA2 activity in CSF samples from PreventE4 participants using a liposomal-based fluorescent assay. The results will provide better insight on how APOE4 complicates responses to DHA supplementation. Knowing this, we will be able to target DHA’s metabolism and identify who benefits most from omega-3 supplementation.
EXPLORING EARLY LIFE EXPOSURES AND THEIR IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG NATIVE HAWAIIAN ELDERS
Authors: Hwang Phoebe , Keaulana-Scott Samantha , Ho-Lastimosa Ilima , Chung-Do Jane , Braun Kathryn
Published: January 2025

In the United States, Native Hawaiians (NH) tend to face more barriers to meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations than other ethnic groups. Previous studies have shown that national evidence-based PA interventions do not resonate with Native Hawaiians and are not effective in increasing physical activity levels. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and early life exposures significantly impact PA behaviors and health outcomes in adulthood, particularly among NH populations. The purpose of this study is to explore how early life exposures experienced by NH may affect their perceptions and behaviors towards PA. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 NH community-dwelling elders ages 55 years and older recruited from an urban area and a rural area in O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and independently coded by two researchers. Three major themes were identified in this study. First, most elders were engaged in PA post-retirement, but PA type varied by the residential type (urban versus rural). Second, barriers to childhood PA were contextualized by the residential type that participants grew up in. Third, PA perspectives and behaviors were influenced by gender roles and expectations. Separately, stories of racial discrimination and ACEs naturally arose during the interviews among NH participants who were raised in urban areas. Findings suggest that PA behaviors are shaped by early life social norms, which are influenced by the residential type. Future studies should focus on exploring the connection between early life perceived discrimination and later life health behaviors.
EXPLORING SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS, PERSONALITY, HEALTH, AND LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Louis-Charles Willencia , Bhowmick Pallabi , Gupta Avinash , Rogers Wendy , Mois George
Published: January 2025

As people age, changes in their social network may occur due to retirement, the loss of family and friends, and reduced social participation stemming from health issues, potentially leading to social isolation and feelings of loneliness. Approximately one in four older adults in the US alone are considered socially isolated. Being socially isolated is related to loneliness, but they are distinct constructions. Personality traits and perceptions of health may relate to loneliness perceptions. Personality traits are the enduring characteristics of a person and can predict how they will connect with their network. Older adults are also more likely to experience chronic conditions that impact their ability to socialize. As part of a larger study, we explored the relationships between social connectedness, personality, health, and loneliness for 21 older adults (61-80, M=69.0, SD=5.5) Participants completed the Ten-Item Personality Inventory and the Social Connectedness Scale, which integrates the Social Disconnectedness Scale and the Social Isolation Scale. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the participants’ personality types and self-reported social connectedness. Emotional stability was negatively correlated (r=-0.55) with perceived loneliness with participants having higher emotional stability also scoring high on the Social Connectedness Scale. No significant association was found between the other personality traits and loneliness. However, perceived health was positively linked to better social connection (r=0.51). These results provide insights into the potential role of personality and health for social connectedness that might help tailor potential interventions that could reduce loneliness among older adults, leading to a better quality of life.
FAMILIAL VISITATION OF LONG TERM CARE FACILITY RESIDENTS: DIFFERENTIATING SOCIAL BEHAVIORS FROM CARE COORDINATION
Authors: Collins-Pisano Caroline , Weiskittle Rachel
Published: January 2025

High rates of loneliness persist among residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities despite frequent familial visitation. Most studies on LTC visitation do not differentiate social behavior (e.g., talking to the resident about their interests) from care coordination (e.g., attending the resident’s care conferences). It is possible but unknown if these distinct forms of visitation impact resident loneliness differently. Past research has identified barriers to overall LTC facility visitation, such as family member demographics (e.g., gender, income) and relational factors (e.g., closeness, history of care provision). The aim of the present study was to determine whether these demographic and relational factors related to social behavior and care coordination differently. Community-dwelling adults aged 18 and older who endorsed having a close friend or relative currently residing in a LTC facility (N = 175) recruited via ResearchMatch completed an online survey regarding their demographics, LTC visiting behaviors, and relationship with the resident. Overall, results indicated demographic variables were not significantly associated with either social behavior or care coordination, but relational factors were significant predictors of both outcomes. Individuals who reported higher closeness with the resident and who had been their primary caregiver demonstrated significantly greater care coordination involvement and social behavior involvement. Immediate family members were more likely to be involved in care coordination than friends or extended family, but they were not more likely to socially interact with the resident. These findings imply there are distinct facilitators and barriers for care coordination and social involvement that warrant further investigation.
FEASIBILITY OF A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GOAL SETTING INTERVENTION AMONG INSUFFICIENTLY ACTIVE MIDLIFE ADULTS
Authors: Maxfield Molly , Pituch Keenan , Salisbury Dereck , Yu Fang , Joseph Rodney
Published: January 2025

Physical activity (PA) during midlife can reduce risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. However, adherence to national PA guidelines (≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic PA [MVPA]) among midlife adults is rarely achieved through behavioral PA interventions, which may be due to inconsistent or unsuitable approaches to goal setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a 6-month virtual coaching intervention designed to test the effectiveness of three different goal setting techniques to enhance mechanisms of self-regulation and self-efficacy and increase PA among insufficiently active midlife adults with obesity. Study participants (n=24) were provided a Fitbit to self-monitor their MVPA, received weekly virtual PA coaching conducted via Zoom, and were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: i) static weekly goal of 150 min/week of MVPA, ii) weekly self-selected MVPA goals, iii) modest incremental increase in weekly MVPA goal (20% min/week greater than previous week’s MVPA); or iv) non-goal setting comparison group. Results showed favorable outcomes for retention (91.3% [n=21] retained at 6-months), coaching sessions attendance (85.9% of sessions completed), and Fitbit wear adherence (Fitbit worn for > 10 hour/day on 87.1% of intervention days). Although the small sample precludes use of inferential statistics or examination of group differences, patterns of change suggested that participants experienced improvements in MVPA and psychosocial mediators of self-efficacy and self-regulation. Building upon these results, a forthcoming Stage 2 proof-of-concept trial (n=120) will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of these goal-setting techniques to increase MVPA among midlife adults.
FEASIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND UTILITY OF THE HOME ALONE INTERVENTION: A PRELIMINARY MIXED METHODS EVALUATION
Authors: Savard Grace , Birkeland Robyn , Ingvalson Stephanie , Pepin Renèe , Cigliana Jill , Gitlin Laura , Gaugler Joseph
Published: January 2025

Research has established that living alone with cognitive impairment in later life presents an increased risk for social isolation, decline in mobility, and other adverse health outcomes. While the number of older adults living independently with cognitive impairment is expected to increase, few programs are available to address the specific needs of this growing population. Home Alone—a novel intervention that includes seven coaching sessions focused on home safety, lifestyle planning, and meaningful engagement through behavioral activation—was designed to support older adults living alone at home with memory concerns. A feasibility pilot phase of Home Alone was conducted between June 2023 and February 2024. Fifteen participants (average age: 73; range: 55-88) living across the United States completed the intervention via telehealth or local in-home sessions. Data and feedback were provided through surveys (baseline, 1, and 3 months) and semi-structured interviews. Mixed methods results showed that the intervention was feasible, acceptable, and useful to participants. Interviews, open-ended survey responses, and coaching sessions yielded insights into program effectiveness and benefits. While in the program, participants restructured home environments to enhance safety, connected with previously unfamiliar resources, and incorporated technology to assist with tasks of daily living. Nearly all participants noted appreciation for tailored activities, educational information, and personal companionship as they navigated transitions and changes. Incorporating participant and staff perspectives from the feasibility phase, this poster will expand on the Home Alone program’s feasibility, acceptability, and utility and highlight modifications made to the intervention for the ongoing larger pilot study (April 2024-Present; n=20).
HOW DOES AWARENESS OF SOCIAL SERVICES PLAY A ROLE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIONAL RESOURCES AND THE AIP?
Authors: Park Junmin , Lee Yeonjung
Published: January 2025

The process of ‘Aging in Place (AIP)’ encompasses a variety of declines in physical capabilities, adaptability to environmental changes, and the breadth of interpersonal relationships. The AIP is not just about staying in the community; it also involves the availability of requisite resources to address the needs that emerge throughout the AIP journey. In this context, relational resources such as an individual’s social capital, may serve as a significant asset. Nonetheless, the availability of relational resources is not uniform among older adults, and it might be risky to solely rely on relational resources, potentially resulting in an excessive burden on the enhancement of AIP sustainability. Instead, social services can act as supportive resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of perceived awareness of social services in the relationship between relational resources and the intention to AIP. Logistic regression was conducted using data from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans (n=10,097). The results show that older adults who have more relational resources are likely to have more intention to AIP and specifically, the association is stronger at a higher awareness of services. The findings show that there is a need for a range of social engagement programs to provide more opportunities to build relational resources in later life, thus increasing the likelihood of AIP. Policy efforts are also needed to increase awareness of social services among older adults and so, they can plan their AIP with the assurance of various available supports.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND MOBILITY LIMITATIONS AMONG US OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dhakal Usha , Asmar Khalil El , de Leon Carlos Mendes
Published: January 2025

Food insecurity among older adults is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment, poor mental health, and mortality. The role of food insecurity in impairments in functional status, such as mobility limitations, remains unclear. Therefore, we used weighted generalized linear models to investigate the association between food insecurity and mobility limitations. Considering the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) wave as the baseline, we extracted data from an HRS subsample who completed the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (n=6476) and three additional HRS waves through 2020. Mobility limitations scores were based on five items (range:0-5); higher scores indicated more limitations. Food insecurity scores were derived from a validated scale of food access and availability. On average, older adults had difficulty performing at least one mobility task at baseline, and their mobility limitations score increased by 0.5 points per year. After adjustment for demographic and socio-economic factors, greater food insecurity was significantly associated with greater mobility limitations at baseline (β=0.19, 95%CI[.15,.23], p<.0001), but it was not significantly associated with greater increase in mobility limitations over time (β=0.004, 95%CI[.002,.009], p=.22). Associations remained mostly unchanged after controlling for chronic conditions and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with mobility limitations, although its role in continued mobility decline over time was small and not statistically significant. Early identification of at-risk older adults for food insecurity may still offer benefits for improved mobility and thereby contribute towards better overall physical functioning and prevent disability onset.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR ADHERENCE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND NUMBER OF ILLNESSES
Authors: Hamada Fumiko , Lee Soomi
Published: January 2025

Lifelong healthy habits are vital for healthy aging. This study examined the longitudinal associations of adherence to three key health behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, healthy eating) on psychological well-being (PWB) and illnesses 10 years later. Data were from Midlife in the United States II and III (2005-2006, 2013-2017) participants who provided daily diary data at both timepoints (n=858; Mage=54 at T1). Over eight consecutive days, participants reported nightly sleep duration and the daily amount of vigorous physical activity. A subsample (n=428) reported weekly fast-food consumption. Adherence rates for each health behavior were calculated at each timepoint by summing the number of days with optimal sleep (6< sleep hours≤9), vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes), and not eating fast food. Participants also completed a survey for PWB and the number of illnesses. A series of general linear or Poisson models examined the associations between the adherence variables and PWB and the number of illnesses, adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates, baseline PWB or illnesses, and 10-year change in each adherence behavior. Adherence to optimal sleep and not eating fast food were stable across 10 years, while adherence to physical activity decreased. Greater adherence to optimal sleep (B=1.31; SE=0.45; p=0.003) and physical activity (B=1.16; SE=0.43; p=0.007) were each associated with better PWB 10 years later but not with the number of illnesses. Greater adherence to not eating fast food was associated with fewer illnesses (B=-0.12; SE=0.03; p< 0.001) but not PWB. Findings suggest that adherence to healthy lifestyles may be crucial for healthy aging.
MAPPING RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL CARE IN WISCONSIN LONG-TERM CARE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Lyndes Kathryn , McEvoy Sarah , Arata Louis
Published: January 2025

The importance of religion and spirituality (R/S) for older adults is well-recognized (Pew Research Center, 2015); however, little is known about specific types of R/S care and who provides it across a range of long-term centers. The aim of this study was to expand on a pilot study that explored the feasibility of gathering details about R/S care of residents in long-term care centers in northern Indiana (Lyndes & Fitchett, 2021), and on a single Tennessee county study that enabled the researchers to hone the study design (Lyndes, McEvoy, & Arata, 2023). The current study in this abstract extended the sample to Wisconsin, employing a systematic selection of diverse residential care centers (including skilled nursing homes, assisted living, independent living, and senior housing), and developing a preliminary description of the types of services as well as the training and criteria of the staff and volunteers who provide them. Results indicate that the majority of multi-disciplinary staff who participated in this study identified R/S care as beneficial to the health and well-being of residents. Many centers rely on staff chaplains and/or volunteer community members, with a range of credentials and training such as Clinical Pastoral Education, to provide an array of R/S services, for example one-on-one visits and weekly worship. The data has important implications for allied healthcare teams and long-term care providers who deliver services to older adults, including the need for culturally competent training across faith traditions to meet the needs of diverse residents.
MINDFULNESS PRACTICE IN OLDER ADULTS: MIXED-METHOD FINDINGS FROM AN OUTPATIENT GROUP INTERVENTION
Authors: Griffith Christopher , Sundby Jonathan , Broen Tiana , Feliciano Leilani
Published: January 2025

Mindfulness can be thought of as a skill that centers on directing attention, in the present moment, with non-judgment. Mindfulness skills are effective strategies for addressing psychological symptoms, including improving mood, stress, chronic pain, sleep, and well-being in older adults. To further examine the effects of mindfulness practice in a group setting, two 8-week mindfulness skills building groups were conducted at a community outpatient clinic for older adults in Southern Colorado. Participants (n = 11) completed pre-post measures on depression, anxiety, stress, well-being, pain, sleep, and trait-mindfulness. The final session was recorded and transcribed to allow for thematic analysis. During this session, participants were asked how mindfulness practice influenced them and what changes they may have noticed. Some responses included themes related to outcome measures (e.g., stress, well-being), with additional themes emerging related to: 1) overall effectiveness, 2) greater insight, 3) interpersonal functioning, 4) group cohesion, 5) context, and 6) filler. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted demonstrating significant improvements in depressive symptoms [t(5) = 4.84, p <.01], anxiety [t(8) = 2.79, p <.05], perceived stress [t(9) = 3.03, p <.05], well-being [t(8) = -3.90, p <.01], and trait mindfulness [t(9) = -6.01, p <.001]. Study findings support mindfulness for symptom reduction and improved mental health and well-being in older adults, and provide a better understanding of subjective benefits to participating in mindfulness groups. Thematic results indicated that older adults value mindfulness practice and appreciate the shared experience of learning and practicing with their peers.
MODIFIABLE DEMENTIA RISK FACTORS: THE EFFECTS OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION ON PERCEPTIONS OF AN OLDER ADULT AT RISK
Authors: Poettcker Karli , Maxfield Molly
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are progressive and have significant effects on those diagnosed and their caregivers. Increasing emphasis on modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce dementia risk (e.g., physical activity, managing blood pressure, blood sugar, and weight) offers a sense of personal control and self-efficacy. Potential disadvantages include negative perceptions of individuals who do not modify their behaviors and labeling of dementia as a “lifestyle disease.” We examined whether behavior modification to reduce dementia risk affects attributions of responsibility and capability. In an online study, 242 participants (18-64 years, Mage=41.28, SDage=12.60) read a vignette describing ‘Patrick’s’ concerns about cognitive decline as reported to his physician. Although determined to be normal age-related change, the physician recommended exercise and diet changes to reduce Patrick’s dementia risk by improving cardiovascular health. Participants were randomly assigned to read about ‘Patrick,’ who either did or did not follow recommended lifestyle changes. Participants then rated Patrick’s responsibility for his current condition, capability for basic tasks, their willingness to socialize with him, and emotional reactions he provoked. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that not modifying behavior led to rating Patrick as more responsible for his condition and less capable of decision-making compared to Patrick with behavior change; additionally, reading about Patrick without behavior modification resulted in lower willingness to socialize and greater levels of negative emotional reactions compared to Patrick with behavior modification (ps <.05). Findings highlight how behavior modification affects perceptions, suggesting the need for careful public health messaging about dementia risk and lifestyle modifications.
PICOLINIC ACID, A CATABOLITE OF TRYPTOPHAN, HAS AN ANABOLIC EFFECT ON MYOBLASTS AND INCREASES MOBILITY IN C. ELEGANS
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Rivas Daniel , AlOkda Abdelrahman , Baltasar-Fernandez Ivan , Van Raamsdonk Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia (simultaneous occurrence of these diseases) are highly prevalent in older persons and associated with falls and fractures. Compounds with dual anabolic effects on muscle and bone could become the treatment of choice for these conditions. We have previously reported the anabolic effect of picolinic acid (PIC) on bone in vitro and in vivo. However, its effect on muscles remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of PIC on muscle. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with PIC (1, 50 and 100 µM) or vehicle for 7 days. Transcription factors involved in myogenesis were evaluated by western blot, and the fusion index and myotubules’ length were calculated in confocal microscopy images at timed intervals (Day 1, 3, 5 and 7). In addition, C. elegans were treated with 1mM PIC, and the frequency of thrashing (mobility) was evaluated at timed intervals (Day 1, 8 and 16). PIC-treated myoblasts showed a higher and earlier expression of myosin II and MyoD transcription factors (p < 0.001). On day 5, PIC-treated myotubes were significantly longer when treated with 50 µM (+80.7 µm, p=0.001) and 100 µM (+73.0 µm, p=0.002) than vehicle-treated controls. The frequency of thrashing was also significantly increased in the PIC-treated C. elegans at all timed intervals (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, in addition to its anabolic effect on bone, PIC also has an anabolic effect on muscle, which opens up exciting possibilities for further exploration in animal models and future geroscience research.
NAVIGATING AND ENHANCING HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATION: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR LATE-DEAFENED OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Kohl Gianna , Heniff Erin , Dye Maya , Rogers Wendy
Published: January 2025

Effective communication in healthcare is crucial, especially for older adults with complex health issues. Late-deafened older adults, who develop severe to profound bilateral hearing loss post-lingually, face unique challenges in communicating their health needs. This issue is not well understood, and research describing strategies to manage these communication challenges in clinical settings is lacking. Understanding these challenges and responses for healthcare activities is essential to support late-deafened older adults and health professionals, ensuring quality care. Data were collected through the Aging Concerns, Challenges, and Everyday Solutions (ACCESS) study wherein questionnaires and interviews were completed by 56 late-deafened participants aged 60 to 80 (M = 69.4, SD = 6.0), living with a diagnosis of hearing loss for at least ten years (age of onset: M = 31.8, SD = 19.9). We conducted a detailed content analysis of interview data about challenges and response strategies in healthcare settings. The most difficult activity was participating in healthcare appointments (n = 38), followed by managing health, diet, and nutrition (n = 13). Communication barriers included conversational partners using verbal communication and insufficient visual cues, lack of support, and unclear speech. Response strategies included using external assistive technology, adaptive communication strategies (e.g., lip-reading), and educating healthcare providers about their needs. Our findings highlight the need for health professionals in clinical practice to understand and adapt to the specific communication challenges faced by late-deafened older adults. Implementing effective communication strategies and providing tailored support can lead to more accurate diagnosis and treatment, ultimately enhancing patient care.
TECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE FOR OLDER ADULTS: CHATGPT-ASSISTED QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Han Soojeong , Alexander Gregory
Published: January 2025

Rigorous guidance on ChatGPT use in qualitative research is not available. Here we examine the quality of ChatGPT versus human analysis. The International Summit on Innovation and Technology in Care of Older People (IS-ITCOP) was held on June 6-7, 2024 in New York. 47 experts in care of older adults attended IS-ITCOP. Attendees participated in structured roundtable discussions about long-term care workforce readiness to use technology in care of older adults. Each roundtable discussion included a lead facilitator and support staff who recorded discussions lasting approximately 2 hours. We used 10 roundtable discussions in our analysis. We followed the methodology established by Goyanes, Lopezosa, and Jordá(2024) for ChatGPT. Our human analysis was based on Braun and Clarke’s(2006) approach. Emerging themes included data privacy and security, informed consent, balancing autonomy and safety, role of the informatics workforce, technological advancements and ethical use, and policy and regulation. Compared to human analysis, 14 out of 79 sub-themes (18%) were missing in ChatGPT analysis. Findings suggest that ChatGPT has several strengths. ChatGPT completed the qualitative analysis in a few minutes, while humans took several days. ChatGPT provided clear definitions and explanations of words and concepts. It efficiently calculated convergence and divergence rates for each theme. ChatGPT also has weak points. ChatGPT cannot create a hierarchical coding scheme. It may not be able to capture all prompts from discussions. ChatGPT’s answers were derived from its training data, which may not be current. Also, ChatGPT appeared to miss some nuances or keywords, such as EHR.
DEMENTIA RISK FACTORS PREDICT ALTERED WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE IN A RURAL AGING COHORT
Authors: Bender Andrew , Giriprakash Pavithran Pattiam , Cordes Dietmar , Caldwell Jessica , Miller Justin
Published: January 2025

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies of older adults reveal associations between dementia risk factors and altered cerebral white matter microstructure. However, these findings are based almost exclusively on residents of metropolitan areas. Older residents of rural areas face increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, but there are few neuroimaging studies of dementia risk in this population. The present study investigated associations between dementia risk factors and white matter alterations in rural-dwelling older adults (n=76) without dementia, recruited from the Nevada Exploratory Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. We applied voxel-based analysis (VBA) to separately evaluate established risk factors (APOE e4 carriage, family history of dementia, body mass index [BMI], and diagnosed hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and sleep apnea) as predictors of differences in dMRI measures of white matter microstructure (fiber density, crossing fiber entropy, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity), while accounting for differences in age, sex, and handedness. VBA results (familywise error corrected p<.05) showed APOE e4 allele carriage, family history of dementia, higher BMI, and self-reported diagnoses of hypertension and sleep apnea are independently associated with widespread patterns of lower white matter fiber density. Moreover, we observed similar patterns of results in subsidiary analyses that also accounted for diagnosed mild cognitive impairment. These are the first findings to characterize associations between elevated dementia risk factors and altered white matter microstructure in rural-dwelling older adults. Future studies should evaluate whether the effects of elevated risk factors on cerebral microstructure differ between rural- and metropolitan-dwelling older adults.
ADDRESSING THE LONG-TERM CARE POLICIES IN HAWAII: AN APPLICATION OF BARDACH’S MODEL
Authors: Hossain Mohammad
Published: January 2025

In this policy analysis paper, I utilized Bardach’s (1977) model to evaluate three alternative policy options addressing the crucial needs of long-term care in Hawaii. The policy options included the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI), the Kupuna Caregivers Program (KCP), and the Long-Term Care Insurance Partnership Program (LTCIPP). These policies were analyzed based on Bardach’s (1977) eight-step model. Further, the evaluation justified the selected policies against several criteria such as financial feasibility, effectiveness, political acceptability, policy sustainability, an overall impact to support older adults towards age in place, effects on employers, and sustainability. The findings of this policy analysis included that the LTCIPP, as a 3rd policy alternative in the list, has more potential to address the service gaps of LTC in the long run compared to the remaining policies. Though the LTCIPP has been progressively growing as a promising LTC initiative, and currently, most U.S. states are entitled to this program, it might not be affordable for potential care recipients from marginal communities such as low-income, homeless, Indigenous communities, etc. Further, this paper acknowledges that addressing the needs for long-term care necessitates comprehensive efforts. Aside from the enrollment in LTCIPP for Hawaii, this analysis recommends promoting and advocating for appropriate funding for the Kupuna Caregiver Program, which is unique even in the U.S., to support low-income families and their care-needed elderly members. The paper suggests that partnering with private entities enhances the government’s chances of avoiding cost-shifting challenges.
EXAMINE QUALITY OF CARE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN MEDICARE ADVANTAGE COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL MEDICARE
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham
Published: January 2025

About 50% of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA), incentivized to offer more efficient and coordinated care than traditional Medicare (TM). Evidence suggests timely access to coordinated and high-quality ambulatory care is critical to preventing adverse health events (e.g., hospitalization and long-term institutionalization). In this study, we used 2017-2021 (latest available) Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data to examine the effect of MA vs. TM on 10 quality metrics among older adults with and without dementia. We applied inverse propensity weighting to balance the characteristics of MA and TM enrollees and used the Average Treatment Effect method, adjusting for sociodemographic, rurality, and health-related variables. Among people without dementia, MA was associated with greater challenges receiving needed care [TM=5.06%; MA=6.50%; (diff=1.4 percentage point (PP); 95% CI:0.9%,1.9%)] and accessing specialty care [TM=5.25%; MA=6.02%; (diff=.73 PP; 95% CI:.21%,.1.26%)]. However, TM was associated with more dissatisfaction with out-of-pocket costs [TM: 13.78%; MA=12.18%; (diff=1.6PP; CI: -2.32%, -.87%)] and distance/location of different health services [TM=8.67%; MA=7.49%; (diff=1.18 pp; CI: -1.81, -.55)]. Among beneficiaries with dementia, except for dissatisfaction with ease of access to care with better results in MA (TM=7.53%; MA=5.09%; diff=2.45pp; 95%CI: -4.6%, -.26%), we did not find any significant differences in quality metrics between MA and TM. In conclusion, TM performed better in receiving the needed care and specialty care. MA was superior in lowering out-of-pocket costs and better care coordination. Dissatisfaction with care was substantially higher among enrollees with dementia than among those without, regardless of MA or TM.
A PILOT AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE AGING TOGETHER ANTI-AGEISM PEER SUPPORT PROGRAM
Authors: Steward Andrew , Keane Connor Thomas Francisco , Lee Yura , Cho Young
Published: January 2025

Ageism is internalized from an early age, with accumulating, negative health impacts across the life course. Although the theory of relational ageism describes how ageism is reinforced through interpersonal interactions, few ageism-related intervention studies have actively engaged older adults at personal and relational levels. We conducted a pilot and feasibility study of a manualized, anti-ageism peer support program facilitated by trained older adults called “Aging Together.” Key components of the program include peer support, education about ageism and health, and “tell your story of aging.” Participants received a 30-page workbook providing education and journaling/discussion prompts. Six small groups of five-to-eight participants (N=48 total) met for ten, weekly, in-person (60-90 minute) sessions in a medium-sized city of the U.S. Midwest. Results indicate the program was feasible and acceptable overall (attendance rate=88.91%, attrition rate=6.25%, Mean acceptability score=4.23/5). Based on 30-minute pre/post phone surveys, Mann-Whitney U tests (N=28) indicated a significant decrease in relational ageism (M=2.73/6 to 2.19/6; p<.01), decrease in internalized ageism (M=1.91/6 to 1.66/6), significant decrease in depressive symptoms (M=8.61/30 to 6.57/30; p<=.01), increase in social connectedness (M=4.19/5 to 4.26/5), increase in self-efficacy (M=3.29/4 to 3.36/4), and decrease in cognitive function (M=29.67/40 to 29.5/40). By incorporating education about ageism and storytelling within a small, peer support group setting, the Aging Together program may be particularly effective in reducing depressive symptoms and relational ageism, which is an understudied aspect of ageism. Future research should scale this program across diverse geographical settings and explore potential mediating relationships between internalized/relational ageism and psychosocial well-being.
FRAMING AGE AND IMMIGRATION: OLDER IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND WELL-BEING IN A TIME OF SOCIAL INTOLERANCE
Authors: Tahmaseb Jasmin
Published: January 2025

In today’s contemporary troubling social climate, discourse against immigration is on the rise. In the U.S. older immigrants make up 13 % of the older adult population. The media often portrays both older adults and immigrants in biased and stereotypical ways, such portrayal can have a negative impact on the well-being of older immigrants and increase late life isolation and loneliness. This presentation examines the impact of how immigration and age are framed during the 2024 political campaign and the ways that those messages influence the lives of older immigrant women. Life history interviews exploring the goals, concerns, and supports of 18 older immigrant women (70+) indicate that the current political discourse on immigration has a negative influence on their lives, particularly as they navigate late life challenges. Media messages addressing the intersection of immigration and age are often negative increasing psychological distress among the women interviewed. We present examples and discuss the results of a content analysis of 10 news articles appearing over a 2-month period in several prominent newspapers, an analysis that illustrates the discriminatory nature of the ways that content is framed. We discuss the concerns, stressors, and resilience of participants as they struggle to manage late life challenges in a time of social intolerance and discrimination. The lives of older immigrants are often marked by cultural and economic challenges. Discriminatory framing of messages relating to both aging and immigration can increase life-course cumulative disadvantage negatively impact the well-being of an already vulnerable and socially marginalized group.
IMPACTS OF INTERGENERATIONAL CARE ON FUTURE CARE EXPECTATIONS: A SURVEY-EXPERIMENT STUDY OF AGING SANDWICH CARERS
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhou Shuai
Published: January 2025

Abstract background

An increasing number of people in their 50s and 60s are sandwiched between surviving parents and children. Numerous ageing adults often provide support for older and/or younger generations while also facing their own challenges and stereotypes associated with the transition to old age.

Objectives

This study examined the effects of multi-dimensional, multi-directional care provision on future care expectation among sandwich carers.

Design and methods

We implemented three factorial survey experiments within a large-scale representative survey of 1,500 sandwiched carers aged 50 and 69 (Mean age = 58.86±5.47) in Hong Kong. Care expectation was assessed in hypothetical scenarios across three key domains: financial, instrumental, and emotional care. Ordered logistic regression and multi-nominal logistic regression models were used.

Results

Downward support to children was positively associated with filial care expectations, especially emotional support (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = [1.21, 1.73], p< 0.001). Sandwiched carers’ SES was negatively associated with expectations for financial (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = [0.62, 0.89], p< 0.01) and instrumental care (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = [0.71, 1.01], p=0.068) from children. Providing instrumental support to both parents and children reduced the expectation for future instrumental care. Having sons and greater socioeconomic resources increased the preference for self-care, while downward support reduced it.

Discussion

Downward support to children strengthens filial care expectations among sandwich carers, especially mothers. However, providing instrumental support to both parents and children, along with SES, promotes the pursuit for self-care. It is crucial to enhancing sandwich carers’ image, caregiving capabilities and later-life preparations.
ASSOCIATION OF HAVING DOMESTIC WORKERS WITH ELDERLY’S SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, VOLUNTEERING, AND LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Zhang Youjuan , Bai Xue
Published: January 2025

Due to the family caregiver shortage and life expectancy increase, there has been an emerging worldwide trend of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) providing elderly care. However, the association of having MDWs at home with older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing has been under investigated. This study used data from the Panel Study of Active Ageing and Society (PAAS, conducted from June to November 2022) among 5007 Cantonese-speaking residents aged ≥50 years (64.2 ± 8.4 years, women: 53.5%) in Hong Kong. Participants self-rated their social participation frequency on a 20-item four-point scale, from “1.=never” to “4.=almost every day”. Moreover, participants reported their volunteering experience by rating their monthly volunteering time (from “0.=none” to “5.≥20 hours”), and their learning activities over the past two years using a simple yes/no response. On average, participants scored 29.32 (SD: 5.01) out of 80 on social participation, 17.6% engaged in volunteering, and 4.4% had learning activities. After adjusting age, sex, living status, education level, family income, and physical status, results from linear and logistic regression models showed that having an MDW at home was associated with enhanced social participation (β=1.24, p< 0.001), and increased odds of participating in volunteering (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81, p=0.02) and learning activities (OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.60-3.53, p< 0.001) among older adults. Social participation, volunteering, and lifelong learning are crucial for fostering community engagement and quality of life. Our findings imply that integrating MDWs into elderly care not only supports older adults’ psychosocial well-being but also could contribute to community development as a whole.