bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Tsunami Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Due to Tsunami Using The GNSS-TEC Method
Authors: Putra M E , Cahyadi M N , Muslim B , Muafiry I N , Wulansari M
Published: January 2023

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a navigation satellite system that provides information on the position and speed of 3D objects on the earth’s surface. GNSS is increasingly being used in the field of survey and mapping work because of its high measurement accuracy, and its use can be done anywhere and anytime. The working principle of GNSS is to transmit digital data from satellites to receivers on the earth’s surface. The digital data is carried by a carrier microwave called the L-band. In the propagation path, the carrier microwave will pass through the ionosphere and troposphere. The collection of electrons contained in the ionosphere layer and the wet & dry components in the troposphere can disrupt the wave propagation path to be slower. This slow propagation will cause the accuracy of the results obtained during the measurement to be more inaccurate. The delayed wave data can obtain the Total Electron Content (TEC) value in the ionosphere layer. TEC is a value that represents the electron density in 1m2 in the ionosphere. The vertical movement of the land surface and seawater can suddenly cause acoustic waves that propagate towards the ionosphere layer, which causes the electron density to decompose. These disorders are known as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID). In this study, we studied the characteristics of the change in electron density in the ionosphere caused by the tsunami. The tsunami observed was a tsunami in the territory of Indonesia due to the eruption of Mount Tonga on January 15, 2022. The change in electron density was calculated from the significant difference in the TEC value during the tsunami propagation time. The calculation of the change in the TEC value is called the TEC reduction. TEC reduction is obtained by calculating the TEC value, calculated with the reference value of the polynomial curve. The result of the TEC reduction, which has a change in value at the same time as the tsunami is coming, is most likely the TID of the tsunami.
Sentinel-1 SAR Polarization Combinations for Flood Inundation Spatial Distribution Mapping (Case Study: South Kalimantan)
Authors: Adiba A , Bioresita F
Published: January 2023

41.98% of disaster events occurred in 2021 in Indonesia were flood disasters. Rain of 2.08 billion m3 during the second week of January 2021 occurred in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, where the volume of rainwater was not proportional to the capacity of the Barito Watershed. It caused flooding in 11 cities/regencies. In the discourse of flood disaster mitigation, it is important to be able to map the flood inundation spatial distribution. Research with remote sensing methods, especially active remote sensing, which can penetrate clouds and free from weather disturbances can be an option in analysing flood inundation distribution. Sentinel-1 is one of the active remote sensing with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) C-band imaging mission which is being widely used for flood disaster analysis. Generally, research on flooding is carried out using only VV or VH polarization. Only some researches use combination of both polarizations. Therefore, in this paper, combinations of those two polarizations are used in order to explore the use polarization combination in mapping the distribution of flood inundation, especially for case studies of flood disasters in South Kalimantan. However, in this study case, VV and VH polarization combination are not suitable in mapping flood inundation. VH polarization only showed best result in mapping flood inundation with overall accuracy of 89%, while VV and VH polarization combination resulted overall accuracy of 73%.
Utilization of iPad Pro LiDAR and Low-Cost GNSS Ublox F9R for Data Collection of Road Assets in the Form of 3D Models
Authors: Ubaidillah M R , Cahyadi M N , Suhandri H F
Published: January 2023

The development of mapping survey equipment technology products is growing very rapidly. These products include Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. The current development of GNSS receivers can be seen in terms of accuracy and price. The GNSS receiver has very high accuracy, especially with the integration with the inertial measurement unit (IMU). This integration system can provide benefits such as estimation of GNSS position data and GNSS data stability. One of the GNSS receiver products that has been integrated with IMU, has an accuracy below 1 meter, and at an economical price is the low-cost GNSS receiver U-blox F9R series. This receiver has a positional accuracy of 0.01 + 1 ppm. LiDAR products are commonly used for the manufacture of 3D objects and distance determination on Autonomous Vehicles, however, in 2020 the company Apple inc. has made a smartphone device that is integrated with LiDAR technology. One of the goals of using this integration system is to visualize 2D objects into 3D Augmented Reality (AR). In this study, iPad Pro LiDAR technology was used to create a 3D road model. This activity continues from previous studies that have used the iPad Pro LiDAR for making 3D buildings and measuring tree diameters. In research related to the manufacture of 3D buildings, the iPad Pro LiDAR has been analyzed and it is stated that it has an accuracy of 2 cm. However, this observation using the iPad Pro LiDAR still does not provide actual position information. One way to get the true position value is to use position data from the GNSS receiver. In this study, the GNSS observation method receiver used is Real Time Kinematic Networked Transported of RTCM via Internet Protocol (RTK-NTRIP). This method utilizes the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network to transmit corrections from several nearby Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) format to the user’s receiver. This activity aims to create a database of road assets in 3D with real positions by utilizing the integration between GNSS, IMU, and iPad Pro LiDAR. From this study, it was found that the volume measurement data using GNSS data has a value of 4,930 m3. Meanwhile, processing using 3D model data from the iPad Pro 2020 resulted in 4,422 m3. The results of the two data have a volume difference of 0.5 m3 or 10% of the validation data.
Flood Vulnerability Analysis using Random Forest Method in Gresik Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Arlisa Sintya Dwi , Handayani Hepi Hapsari
Published: January 2023

Recently, machine learning models have been used for flood vulnerability mapping. The purpose of this study is analyze the level of flood vulnerability in Gresik Regency using machine learning Random Forest. Data processing is done by dividing the flood occurrence dataset that contains parameter values into two datasets, training data as input data for random forest and testing data to evaluate the output model. The results of the flood vulnerability level are divided into 3 classes of flood vulnerability, which are low, medium and high levels vulnerability. The results of the importance degree index show that the most influential parameter of flood vulnerability is the river with a value of 41.025%. Furthermore, The performance of the random forest model shows an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 0.859 and 0.718, respectively while the evaluation using the ROC curve shows an AUC value of 0.97 which indicates the classification results are included in the very good category.
Landslide Susceptibility Spatial Modelling Using Random Forest Algorithm: A Case Study of Malang Regency
Authors: Ummah Muhammad Hidayatul , Darminto Mohammad Rohmaneo
Published: January 2023

Landslides are disasters that cause huge losses to both human life and infrastructure. Therefore, this research purpose of carrying out landslide susceptibility spatial modelling using a random forest (RF) algorithm. This research uses 12 landslide conditioning factors to generate a landslide susceptibility map, which comprises elevation, slope, aspect, soil type, geological type, distance to river, NDVI (Normalized Different Index), river density, TWI (Topographic Wetness Index), annual rainfall, and land use. Each model was evaluated by 9 parameters including ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic)-AUC (Area Under Curve), accuracy (acc), sensitivity (sn), specificity (sp), balanced accuracy (ba), g-mean (gm), cohen’s kappa (CK), and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC). A total of 88 landslide locations were identified in Malang District using the regional disaster management authority of Malang District data. Of the 88 landslide inventories, 30% of the data were used for validation, and the remaining 70% were used for training purposes. The results show the ACC value of 0.884, 0.765 for SN, 0.962 for SP, 0.863 for GM, 0.857 for BA, 0.749 for CK, 0.876 for MCC, and 0.943 for AUC. From the entire landslide conditioning factors, the elevation parameter has the highest relative contribution level value, which is 100%. Moreover, the susceptibility map indicates that Malang District is dominated by a high susceptibility with an area of 177,208.83 ha (51% of the coverage area). 13 sub-districts that are dominated by high susceptibility levels area, including Ngantang, Kasembon, Apelgading, Pujon, Tirtoyudo, Poncokusumo, Sumbermanjing, Jabung, Dampit, Wonosari, Wagir, Dau and Gedangan sub-districts.
Analysis Of Vegetation Index For Ndvi, Evi-2, And Savi For Mangrove Forest Density Using Google Earth Engine In Lembar Bay, Lombok Island
Authors: Pamungkas Srirahadita
Published: January 2023

The mangrove forest is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. Mangrove forests have benefits such as flood control, groundwater conservancy, shoreline and storm protection, biodiversity conservation, mitigation, and adaptation to climate change. Remote sensing for monitoring and mapping natural ecosystems such as mangrove forests has increased recently. The advantage of using remote sensing data for mapping mangrove forests lies in the remote sensing imagery that provides a comprehensive view compared to land-based measurements. The easily-recognizable appearance of mangrove vegetation in the image is because mangrove vegetation lives between land and sea transitions; thus, the mangrove vegetation has a darker color appearance. The vegetation index algorithm is an algorithm that can see the condition and density of mangrove forests. Therefore, the Google Earth Engine platform can be utilized. It has a very large remote sensing data set; thus, it can process and discover the density value of mangrove forests the results of the vegetation index values with the NDVI, EVI-2, and SAVI methods. The location of this research is in Lembar Bay. The results of this study indicate that sentinel imagery 2A level 2A can be used to generate vegetation index data using the NDVI, EVI-2, and SAVI algorithms. Based on the vegetation index classification with NDVI, EVI-2, and SAVI, it is known that the dominant density level is a very high density, with an area of 56,66 ha for NDVI, 50,24 ha for EVI-2, and 56,65 ha for SAVI. Then the correlation between NDVI, EVI-2, and SAVI with water and soil parameters that have the most influence on mangrove vegetation density is water pH with a correlation coefficient value of NDVI 0,464, EVI-2 0,469, and SAVI 0,464, showing that water pH and vegetation index have a strong enough correlation.
Licensed Surveyor Role Analysis for Achieving Indonesia Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) in 2024
Authors: Suranto  , Djojomartono Prijono Nugroho
Published: January 2023

In 2020 Directorate General of Land and Spatial Survey and Mapping composed a 2020 until 2024 national priority roadmap for the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) priority program towards a positive publication system that will be implemented in Indonesia in 2023. The estimated number of land parcels in Indonesia are 126.000.034, while until January 2022 the number of certified land parcels are 79.260.203. Therefore, the licensed surveyor role is massively needed to support the completion of PTSL. Licensed surveyors consist of Cadastral Surveyor (SK) and Assistant Cadastral Surveyor (ASK). According to Ministry of Agrarian Affairs (ATR/BPN) data until December 2021, there are 1,432 SKs and 6,947 ASKs throughout Indonesia. However, they are unevenly distributed all over Indonesian provinces. This research uses quantitative data analysis that analyses 126 million land parcels roadmap analysis data, registered land parcels until January 2022, and licensed surveyor data until December 2021. The proportional workload analysis approach of licensed surveyors is used for analyzing the participation of licensed surveyors, in order to realize PTSL in 2024 in Indonesia. The workload analysis is a modification of the State Apparatus Minister Decree (SK MenPAN) No. KEP/75/M.PAN/7/2004 concerning Employee Necessity Calculation Guidelines Based on Workload. Workload and its volume calculation is modified adjusting licensed surveyor workload proportionally. Licensed surveyors’ workload is gained from Directorate General of Surveys and Mapping national priority roadmap data of PTSL program until 2024, with total 126 million land parcels. The results show that the composition and the number of SKs and ASKs in Indonesia are uneven and not ideal. The highest number of SKs and ASKs are in Java Island and while the smallest number of them are in Papua Island. Based on the results of the proportional workload analysis of licensed surveyors in Indonesia, under the supervision of the SK, an ASK proportional workload is 13 fields/day. Therefore, achieving complete systematic land registration in Indonesia needs strategy for equalizing ASK distribution from Java to the six provinces ASK lacking, namely: Papua (+160 people), West Papua (+101 people), Maluku (+102 people), North Sulawesi (+57 people), Aceh (+38 people), and Riau Islands (+13 people).
Study of Deformation Effect on Land Administration Data in Bali Province
Authors: Hapsoro Rudi H , Maulida Putra , Budisusanto Yanto
Published: January 2023

Over time, the earth’s plate moves actively and dynamically, causing crustal deformation. Deformation can occur linearly with a constant movement value every year and also nonlinear due to sudden plate movements that cause tectonic activity. In the land administration scope, the deformation can cause changes in the shape, position, and dimensions of measurement and mapping objects. Currently, there are several potential earthquakes near Bali Island. This research was conducted to investigate the changes that occur in measuring and mapping objects (land administration) in Bali Province. The land administration data employed in this study is the simulated gridding data and the real field measurement data. The deformation data used is based on the deformation model data created by the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), which accommodates the linear movement model-based block motion model. Based on the simulated velocity, the deformation over 14 years caused horizontal displacement up to 86.2 cm. In addition, sudden movements due to an earthquake and its following postseismic deformation also can affect the changes in the position of land administration data. This change in position has potential problems in mapping, such as gaps and overlaps, without including a proper time-dependent coordinate reference system that accommodates the deformation model.
Dredging Volume Analysis Using Different Software
Authors: Abidah Malai Saidatul , Pratomo Danar Guruh , Khomsin
Published: January 2023

Dredging is one of the seaport’s regular and necessary maintenance activities to keep the sea depth under control. The purpose of dredging is to provide safe navigation where the depth of the water column must be more profound than the ship’s draft. Periodic bathymetric surveys using an echosounder can observe changes in the topography of the seabed. Topographic changes over time can be used to calculate the volume of sedimentation. Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) is one of the methods to calculate cut and fill volume in some software. This study aims to compare the difference in the sediment volume calculation results from interpolation data with EIVA and CAD. This study uses data from Multibeam Echosounder, carried out before dredging (mc0) and after dredging (mc100). This study shows the difference in volume calculation because of dredging is 693,228.00 m3 using CAD and 701,700.633 m3 using EIVA. Statistic test for volume calculation from this software using a p-value of Friedman test shows no significant difference between these two software calculations.
Using GIS to Determine Tsunami Shelter Location in South Coast Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Nurwatik N , Setiawan D
Published: January 2023

The geographical condition of the Pangandaran Regency affects the coastal area, periodically suffering hydrological hazards. Based on the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Pangandaran, Pangandaran Regency experienced Tsunami with a run-up height of 8 to 15.7 meters in 2006. The Tsunami caused 664 people to die, many to be injured, and caused social environment disruption. Therefore, this research aims to support disaster mitigation by identifying additional shelter locations and generating evacuation routes sequentially. This research uses the network analyst method of Geographic Information System (GIS). The identification of evacuation shelters utilizes several parameters, e.g., tsunami hazard catchment area, land slope levels, land cover, and street network. In addition, the spatial analysis considers average travel time as the impedance to resemble the actual evacuation process. The result indicates that 11 evacuation shelters scattered over the study area were dominantly located in Pangandaran Village. Moreover, this research generates 24 evacuation routes from the incident location to each shelter. The closest shelters accessed 8 minutes from incidents 4 and 18 are shelters 3 and 9, respectively. On the contrary, the farthest shelter is shelter 9, with a maximum impedance of 22 minutes from incidents 14 and 15. Furthermore, the most appropriate shelters are shelters 2 and 8, considering the elevation height of 10 and 7 in the open space.
Determination of physiological maturity and methods for breaking dormancy of rice seeds of IPB 3S variety
Authors: Putri A A , Widajati E , Ilyas S
Published: January 2023

Seeds reach maximum quality at physiological maturity, but rice seeds do not germinate readily after harvest because of the after-ripening phenomenon. This study aimed to determine the physiological maturity of rice cv. IPB 3S, and to obtain the method for breaking seed dormancy. An experiment to determine the physiological maturity was conducted in a one-factor complete randomized design with five levels of maturity (½ yellow panicles, ¾ yellow panicles, full yellow panicles, dry yellow panicles, and beyond the harvest time). Heat units were measured from planting to harvesting. An experiment to break seed dormancy was arranged in a two-factor nested complete randomized design, breaking dormancy method (0.2% KNO3 and control) was nested in the after-ripening period (0, 1, and 2 weeks). Seed physiological maturity was reached at the dry yellow panicle stage 34 days after anthesis, and the heat unit needed was 2204.4 °Cd. The harvested seeds were dried to 8-10% moisture content. The seeds had not broken dormancy even after 2-week storage periods at 18-20 °C. Soaking the seeds in 0.2% KNO3 for 36 hours at 28-30 °C broke dormancy before storage with 94.3% germination, and the after-ripening period (1-2 weeks) increased seed viability and vigor.
The effect of 2,4-D, thidiazuron and BAP on calli induction of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Arimarsetiowati R , Putra A C D S , Suwastono M R , Umami L A , Daryono B S , Astuti Y T M , Semiarti E
Published: January 2023

Four continents and numerous developing contries benefit economically from the annual income and jobs that coffee provides. The only polyploid species found in the genus Coffea is called Coffea arabica, and it belongs to the Rubiaceae family. In order to commercially propagate plants or to learn more about key concepts in somatic embryo induction and development, somatic embryogenesis is used. The purpose of this experiment was to compare how calli induction was impacted by several plant growth regulators in the Arabica coffee. Leaf tissues were cultivated on ½ MS medium with varying concentrations of 2,4-D and thidiazuron (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/L) together with 1.0 mg/L BAP. Each experiment used a minimum of seven replicated abd was repeated three times using a completely random design. The varied grades of calli’s morphological examination was identified. Up to eight weeks, the proportion of calli development was measured every two weeks. Nearly sixty percent of calli formed in the medium of 1 mg/L 2,4D and 1 mg/L BAP, which had the greatest calli formation percentage. The maximum calli weight (2.086 grams) is achieved in medium of 1 mg/L 2,4-D + 1 mg/L BAP.
The effects of teak shades at different ages on early growth of 3 tuber species in Semin Village, Gunung Kidul
Authors: Swestiani D , Maharani D
Published: January 2023

The government’s efforts in maintaining the food security includes developing alternative food sources, developing local food crops and improving the use of dry land for food crops cultivation. Planting tubers are common in private forest lands, such as in Semin Village, where arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) can live under teak (Tectona grandis L.) stands. Based on this, a trial was conducted on planting three species of tubers, namely arrowroot/garut, canna/ganyong (Canna discolor Lindl.), and yam/gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) under teak stands. In mixed cropping patterns, there are limitations in obtaining light and nutrient sources for the plants underneath. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the morphological adaptation of three species of tubers, especially under the shade of teak, at different ages. The research design was completely randomized (CRD), while data analysis used two-way Anova. The results showed that the difference in relative light intensity (RLI) at eight weeks after planting had a significant effect on the height, the number of shoots or stems, and the number of leaves of the tested tubers. The size of the plant and the diameter of the stem showed the highest average under the shade of seven years teak stand, the contrary, the highest number of shoots or stems found in the open areas.
Soil properties and phosphorus sorption characteristics due to land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava in North Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Hartono Arief , Barus Baba , Anwar Syaiful , Arasyati Kanzila , Ghosh Joy
Published: January 2023

Changing pepper-based agroforestry land to cassava is massively conducted by farmers in North Lampung, Indonesia because the pepper price is low. This research was aimed to reveal the changes in the chemical properties and the characteristics of P sorption in the North Lampung regency because of the change in land use from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava. Soil pH, exchangeable aluminum (Al), organic carbon (C), basic cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and P sorption-desorption were analyzed in collected soil samples. The results showed that soil properties and P sorption-desorption characteristics changed. The land cultivated with cassava for fifteen years had lower pH, organic C, basic cations, CEC, and higher exchangeable Al than land cultivated with pepper-based agroforestry. In topsoil, the P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement of fifteen years old cassava land were higher than those of pepper-based agroforestry. Organic C negatively correlated with the P binding energies. The results revealed that land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava had an adverse effect, on soil organic C and tended to increase P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement. Organic matter management was necessary to maintain soil organic carbon in sufficient status.
Smart farming: modeling distribution of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae as a leaf blight-causing bacteria in rice plants
Authors: Saputra M H , Sutomo  , Humaida N , Hadiyan Y
Published: January 2023

Regarding plant protection in agriculture, it has been known that the cause of leaf blight is the bacteria named Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. This paper aims to conduct a species distribution model of leaf blight-causing bacteria in rice plants and elaborates on its habitat suitability throughout Indonesia within the climate change context. The occurrences data was extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), whereas the climate data was obtained from the Worldclim data set. The Species Distribution Model used the Maximum entropy method available on the Ecocommons website. The result shows that the bacteria occurrences positively correlate with several climatic variables and spread throughout the archipelago presented into five classes. Main islands such as Java, Bali, and Sumatra share areas with the highest suitability values. While Kalimantan and Sulawesi only share small areas with high suitability area. Papua has a less suitable location for the bacteria to spread. Rice cultivation is inseparable from the threat of pests and diseases. It can cause losses in the form of decreased production to crop failure. Therefore, The Species Distribution Model needed to identify areas where the vector is likely to occur. This way, mitigation or even prevention efforts could be made effectively.
Screening of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria from the maize roots for biocontrol of stewart wilt disease
Authors: Syahri  , Giyanto  , Mutaqin K H
Published: January 2023

Bacterial endophytes colonize and are widely related to plant interior tissues. They provide maize with various advantages by functioning as growth stimulants and disease protectors. This research is intended to verify the hypothesis that the maize root bacteria are potential plant growth-promoting and Stewart wilt disease-suppressor. Fifty-three endophytic root bacteria from various maize varieties cultivated in South Sumatra and West Java production centres were isolated and evaluated. Initial screening for biosafety assays has selected 24 isolates for further analysis. The antagonistic activity of a bacterial endophyte againstPantoea stewartiisubsp.stewartiiwas evaluated. Endophytic bacteria were selected for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesizing, nitrogen fixation, solubilizer-phosphate capacity, lytic-enzymes production, and pathogens inhibition. Antibiotics were produced by approximately 50% of isolates, volatile organic compounds by more than 80% of isolates, IAA by up to 91.7% of isolates, N fixation by 79.2% of isolates, phosphate solubilization by more than 50% of isolates, and protease by only 20.8% of isolates. Six isolates have been successfully selected using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), which have a maximum score of AHP, including BU-5, JCJ-7, MS-X, JCB-1, JCJ-3, and JCJ-2. The highest inhibition of pathogen growth through antimicrobial activity occurs in isolates BU-5 and JCJ-7 (100%), while JCJ-2 has maximum VOC activity (80.56%) and IAA production (32.78 ppm). Meanwhile, solubilizing phosphate index and protease production are the highest in the JCJ-3 isolate. This paper offers scientific information for upcoming studies on endophytic bacteria to increase maize productivity and disease control.
Evaluation of packaging design for pheromone product to control Oryctes rhinoceros in oil palm plantation
Authors: Pradana M G , Siallagan I A , Guntoro G , Susanto A
Published: January 2023

Oryctes rhinoceros is an oppressive pest in the plantation of oil palm. It is causing serious damage, especially to young oil palm, and in several cases, affects the mature stages of trees. Mass trapping using an aggregation pheromone with the active component ethyl 4-methyl octonoate is commonly used to trap and monitor the beetles in young oil palm replanting. Many packaging designs with several plastic materials have been developed to increase the efficacy and durability of mass trapping activities. During three months of observation, there was no significant difference in cumulative captures of each packaging design. The permeable plastic polypropylene was captured with a mean of 29.50 individuals/week, while polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene charged 23.08, 20.75, and 18.58 individuals/week, respectively.
Seed storability of malapari (Pongamia pinnata Merril)
Authors: Suita E , Nurhasybi  , Syamsuwida D , Aminah A , Putri K P
Published: January 2023

Seed storage is carried out to secure the seed stock obtained from the harvest until they are planted. The appropriate techniques were used to maintain the seed viability during storage. The objective of the research is to evaluate the viability of malapari (Pongamia pinnata) seeds after being treated. The seeds are stored in a room in sealed plastic with no media, sealed plastic + coconut coir powder media, sealed plastic + husk charcoal. The other containers were calico fabric with no media, calico fabric + coconut coir powder media, and calico fabric + husk charcoal. The finding showed that the best storage was storing the seed in a plastic container plus husk charcoal media, and within five weeks, it can maintain the seed moisture content of 62.92%, germination percentage of 93.33%, and germination speed of 7.55% KN/et mal. The seed can also be stored in a plastic container without media at a moisture content of 60.69%, and a germination percentage of 91.00%.
Field performance of one-year-old medicinal plant: Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) from stem cuttings in the tropical savanna region
Authors: Umroni A , Rianawati H , Pamungkas D , Pujiono E , Sumardi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to assess the field performance of the medicinal plant Screw tree (Helicteres isoraLinn.) Family Malvaceae in two home garden environments. The screw tree has been commercialized for the production ofJamu, an Indonesian traditional medicine. On Timor Island, however, this species has not yet been cultivated and is considered a weed. Using the t-student test, we compared and described the growth performance of a vegetatively propagated screw tree in two environments. According to field plantation, screw tree grows well in both home gardens, with a survival rate of 97% and 99% for home garden 1 and 2, respectively. For home garden1 and 2, the Increment growth diameter was 0.1 mm month−1and 0.2 mm month−1, respectively, and increment height was 1.22 cm month−1and 0.95 cm month−1. For home garden 1 and 2, the average diameter was 0.4 cm; 0.5 cm (P>0.05, ns) and height was 58 cm; 48 cm (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in diameter, but there is a significant difference in height between home garden 1 and 2. In home garden 1, 26% of the plants have begun to flower, compared to 13% in home garden 2. Farmers may benefit from vegetative propagation due to faster flowering and fruiting. Furthermore, the screw tree is most likely appropriate for agroforestry tree/shrub components.
Erosion prevention through empowerment of human resources to support food security around the Kambaniru watershed, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sukamdani N B , Sukwika T
Published: January 2023

The high activity of the community that is not accompanied by the readiness of human resources around the watershed determines the status of the land use index, the erosion index, and economic and social factors. The negative externality impacts arise due to unfriendly land-use management on various types of cultivation, including agriculture, cultivation, plantations, or even livestock, contributing to the potential for erosion. This study aims to create a causal model of erosion prevention through a human resource development approach to support community food security and develop a technical program for land rehabilitation around the Kambaniru watershed, East Nusa Tenggara. The research method is presented descriptively with observation, tabulation, and data valuation techniques. The performance assessment results of the Kambaniru watershed show a medium-category classification. Multi-purpose plants and trees are prioritized for land rehabilitation to prevent erosion and provide food security for the poor, such as corn and tubers. Human resource capacity development in the upstream and central communities has successfully supported the erosion prevention and land rehabilitation program. The policy implications of this research are as follows: the limited capacity of community human resources in land conservation can be started by socializing the planting of short-lived trees. The recommended species are legume family types that can thrive in various types of soil and are flexible with climate change. Corn and tubers are a source of high calories and nutrients needed to improve the quality of human resources in the Kambaniru watershed area. Therefore, developing a food reserve land program in the Kambaniru watershed is necessary.
Developing a precision spatial information system of smallholder oil palm plantations for sustainable rural development
Authors: Rustiadi E. , Pribadi D.O. , Pravitasari A.E. , Nurdin M. , Iman L.S. , Supijatno  , Panuju D.R. , Saad A. , Rosandi V.B. , Anthony D.
Published: January 2023

Oil-palm products are contributes significantly to economic growth, creating jobs and government revenue. Of the 14 million ha of Indonesian oil palm plantation, 40% are smallholder farming characterized by low productivity, irregular distribution, and fragmented. The lack of smallholder farming traceability information is one of the main issues for product certification, which make it difficult to access the international markets and is an obstacle to increasing productivity and developing rural-based processing. The OPTIMAL-IPB technology using Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach provides precise spatial information. The objectives of this research, which were carried out in Jambi Province are to detect precisely: (1) the positions, numbers, and areas of smallholder oil palm plantation in the village with precision; (2) the suitability of the spatial distribution of oil palm plantations compared to the spatial plan (RTRW); (3) potential income of farmers and land tax at village level based on production estimates. The study significantly increased the accuracy and detailed information of palm oil farming data, providing essential information for land use control and the traceability of oil palm products. Village and regency governments can utilize this spatial information system for income tax calculations, preparing various production, and income improvement programs.
Points of consideration on identification of the atmospheric fronts depicted on weather charts
Authors: Miyamoto Maki , Yamada Tomohito J.
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric fronts play an important role on the day-to-day variation of rainfall in Japan, North-western Pacific. They are defined as a discrepancy of air density and have been depicted on surface weather charts for more than 100 years by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). This study develops an approach to detect fronts from the charts published from 1978 to 2020 and investigates how detected fronts could be utilized. The fronts which are depicted on the charts might have a diverse physical characteristic in each age. One of factors is a difference in how to represent fronts. The difference also prevents from detecting fronts under a certain accuracy. Previous study demonstrates detecting fronts based on the color available from the charts. However, this approach is applicable for weather charts published after 2000 by JMA. This paper describes consideration points for a unified detection of fronts from the charts for 43 years in detail. Furthermore, we compare fronts detected by several methods and discuss a spatial scale in which their differences could be neglected.
Assessment of alluvial aquifer conditions during a construction phase for a deep excavation
Authors: Ghulami Masoud , Gourbesville Philippe
Published: January 2023

The Var low valley and its unconfined alluvial aquifer is the main water resource for around 600,000 inhabitants who live in the French cities and towns near the river mouth, such as Nice and St Laurent du Var. Several commercial and residential complexes are planned to be built in the downstream floodplain areas of the Var River and close to the Nice airport. Some of these buildings may have an impact on the groundwater table and consequently on the supply of drinking water. In this study, the groundwater flow was simulated using MIKE FEFLOW numerical model to assess the impacts of new development projects by estimating the drawdown of groundwater table due to the planned pumping activities as well as tracing the trajectories of groundwater movements to make sure the salt intrusion will not happen. The study focuses on a planned building, near well line used for water supply. The building was initially designed with several underground floors as parking lots. The model is developed and validated using the available piezometric data of 2010-2012 for the study area. The model was able to simulate the hydraulic head with a good precision (the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient of 0.7 and higher). As the local groundwater level is very high and only a few meters below the ground surface, during the construction period of the foundation, the site must be kept dry, and the water should be pumped out. It will normally last around six months. However, this construction period is the most critical stage and will have serious impacts on the groundwater table, but our simulation results suggest that even after the construction period, the groundwater table will be dropped and consequently the salt intrusion into the groundwater due to the short distance of the site to the sea will be continued. Therefore, different foundation levels were tested to find the best solution.
Application of Delft3D computational model to estimate the influence of El Bala run-of-the-river dam on the morphological activity of Beni River, Bolivia
Authors: Rivera Adriana R , Heredia Marcelo W
Published: January 2023

Beni river is an important tributary in the Amazon basin. There, the Bolivian government decided the construction of a two-dam cascade hydropower system, including Chepete dam and El Bala run-of-the-river dam. The main concern is the high sediment transport in Beni river. Then, the aim of the research is the application of Delft3D model to estimate the influence of El Bala run-of-the-river dam on the sediment transport and morphological activity of Beni river. The model was calibrated for natural conditions based on ADCP data and sediment transport measurements collected from the river. The implemented model was able to reproduce hydrodynamics and sediment transport in natural conditions. Hence, several scenarios were tested. A hydrodynamic and morphological model was set to test the influence of the dam on the river for hydrodynamics, sedimentation and erosion processes in Beni river. Results show that Delft3D performed very well in modelling sedimentation and erosion processes in Beni river, the model was able to predict the expected erosion process due to the presence of Chepete dam, upstream of El Bala, which retains the sediment load of Beni river affecting the morpho-dynamics of the river. Additionally, the model was able to predict a sedimentation in the reservoir.
Influence of dam break scenarios on flood wave characteristics. Case study – Paltinu Dam, Romania
Authors: Nistoran Daniela-Elena Gogoaşe , Ionescu Cristina Sorana , Simionescu Ştefan-Mugur
Published: January 2023

Among the various constructive types of dams, the arch dams breaches are the largest and the quickest to occur, leading to the most catastrophic flood waves. Therefore, prediction of the shape, magnitude and arrival time of the breach waves is of utmost importance for flood risk management. The study analyses in GIS environment the influence of different dam breach scenarios on the evolution in time and space of the flood wave. As a study case it was chosen the 108m in height, Paltinu arch-dam (Romania), built on Doftana River and its about 19km river reach down to the confluence with Prahova River. Several breach widths and depths are considered in the analysed scenarios, coupled with selected inflow hydrographs and initial reservoir water elevation, to assess their influence on the dam break wave characteristics and downstream flooded areas. To model the flood wave routing following the dam brake, HEC-RAS software is used. Inundation boundaries, characteristic depths and velocities, as well as arrival time in selected control sections are compared and conclusions are drawn.
Methodology for determining hydromorphological indicators for rivers with hydropower uses
Authors: Stanca Stefan Ciprian , Dimache Alexandru Nicolae , Ilinca Cornel , Anghel Cristian Gabriel
Published: January 2023

The ecological condition of rivers is influenced by hydropower uses. The European Union encouraged the hydropower sector with installed capacities less than 10 MW, considering that their impact is small. Small hydropower plants influence the main hydromorphological indicators, namely the hydrological regime, the longitudinal connectivity of the river and the morphological conditions. This article proposes a methodology in which hydromorphological indicators take into account the dynamics of the phenomena and processes involved, due to the variation over time of the causes and effects. The methodology proposes a score based on linear interpolation, completing the threshold values, thus being able to differentiate the negative impact on rivers. The article proposes also a series of measures to reduce the negative impact of small hydropower plants.
Elements of hydraulic calculation of permanent movement at non-standard sewer collectors
Authors: Luca Mihail , Marcoie Nicolae , Luca Alexandru-Lucian , Toma Daniel
Published: January 2023

An important issue in the design of the main visitable sewer collectors is the hydraulic calculation in permanent movement and non-permanent movement. Some main collectors that can be visited have non-standard flow sections, a situation that complicates the hydraulic calculation. Non-standard flow sections derive from standard sections (circular, ovoid, bell, rectangular and mixed) through natural and anthropogenic degradation processes. The initially designed section changes over time in terms of shape, dimensions and roughness, a situation in which determining the hydraulic parameters becomes very difficult. The research carried out on a series of visitable main collectors revealed that the flow section has geometrically transformed from curved shapes to mixed shapes (curves + right-hand segments).The hydraulic rehabilitation of degraded collectors requires the analysis of flow parameters in the case of geometrically modified sections. The non-standardized flow section can be considered as a “single bed”, or as a “multiple bed”. At the same time, the “single bed” type sections composed of both circular arcs and straight line segments can be hydraulically analyzed with a customized calculation program. The paper presents a model for calculating the geometric and hydraulic parameters of a sewer collector with a non-standard shape and in permanent uniform motion.
A model for computing thermally-driven shallow flows
Authors: Echeverribar Isabel , Martínez-Aranda Sergio , Fernández-Pato Javier , García Reinaldo , Brufau Pilar , García-Navarro Pilar
Published: January 2023

In many natural disasters such as overland oil spills or lava flows, physical fluid properties as density change when considering non-homogeneous spatial and time variable distributions of the temperature. This effect is even more remarkable when these flows show a non-Newtonian behaviour due to the sensitivity of their rheological properties as viscosity or yield stress to temperature. In these cases, temperature becomes a significant variable that drives the fluid behaviour, which must be solved using an energy equation coupled with the free surface flow system. Special attention is devoted to thermal source terms which must include all the heat fluid exchanges, and their modelling sometimes can govern the complete flow behaviour. Fluid density, viscosity and yield stress, also affected by temperature, must be recomputed every time step. Summarizing, this work presents a 2D free surface flow model considering density and temperature variations, which could even modify viscosity and yield stress, with heat transfer mechanisms. The model is applied to oil spill overland simulations and heating/cooling test cases are carried out to ensure the system energy balance. As conclusions, it can be said that the numerical results demonstrate the importance of the heat exchange effects and those of the density, viscosity and yield stress variations.
Determining the spatio-temporal relationship between water quality monitors in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Gleeson Killian , Husband Stewart , Gaffney John , Boxall Joby
Published: January 2023

A novel method to both assess the strength of connectivity and determine hydraulic transit times between water quality monitors from time series data is reported. It was developed using a network of over 50 mobile multi-parameter sensors deployed for 18 months across a UK drinking water distribution system, and then validated using a network of 18 sensors from a different UK utility. Correlation coefficients are calculated at different time shifts for each possible sensor pair, with strength of connectivity represented by the highest correlation coefficient, and with the temporal lag of this highest correlation also designates the transit time. The results demonstrate the potential to derive valuable spatio-temporal information, with potential to increase understanding of system performance and connectivity. This information can be used to assist with further analytics such as tracking water quality events and improving hydraulic and disinfection residual decay modelling.