bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks About Deflation in the Case of Japan
Authors: Cossiga Dott. Giovanni
Published: February 2022

The paper would like to examine the long stagnation of the Japanese economy facing the deflation, so trying to find a possible explanation, beyond the argument pointing into a possible liquidity trap. Afterwards, we are examining the course of the main variables from 1985 to present days, on the assumption that not efficacious correction of the boom excesses - concluded unsuccessfully the attempt of the Prime Minister Hashimoto to call into equilibrium the Japanese economic instability - would be responsible for the longtime-stagnant economy. The country in the nineties continued to grow at a slow pace, so that the first recession occurs only in 1998 in connection with the crisis in Southeast Asia. In other words, the correction of the excesses of the boom by means of a creative recession, Schumpeter model, did not take place. The economy has remained unstable. It is assumed in fact that by the early 2000s, within the endless flow of Keynesian interventions and liquidity to support the economy has not yielded the expected results. In contradiction occurred weakening economy and deflation. The increase in non-stop public debt and liquidity appear to have played a role of third wheel, between declining economic performance and price trend in deflation. Finally, through the econometric tools, the effects of excessive public debt on economic activity and deflation are also examined.
Influence of University Curriculum Design on Employability of Kenyan Graduates: Public Universities Perspective
Authors: Lilian Mwebia  , Kavitah C. Kyuli
Published: February 2022

Despite the rising levels of education in Kenya, many graduates face very high unemployment rates. This raises questions on the demand and market orientation of the university curriculum design and whether the university course designers are cognizant of labor market trends. It for this reason this paper sought to investigate the influence of university curriculum design on employability of Kenyan graduates. A descriptive survey research design was applied in this study. The paper gathered feedback on the influence of university curriculum design on employability of Kenyan graduates from graduates and employers of Super Markets in Nakuru Town. Data was collected from one hundred and forty (130) graduates and (10 managers) employers of graduates about the proficiency of graduates in relation to each of the employability capabilities as a result of graduating from undergraduate programs. Both qualitative and quantitative data from the surveys was analyzed. A descriptive statistical analysis approach was used to analyze the quantitative data. The study found that experience as a highly required factor in the job market. The study also found that internships as very useful especially for graduates looking for their first opportunity in the world of work. The study also found that industrial attachment for lecturers was important as it was thought to help them gain the industry practices. The study concluded that the experiential learning approach should be deliberately designed around an open-ended authentic project and negotiated between university and industry stakeholders. This study recommends creation of employer voice on skills through establishment of a commission for employment and skills. The study also recommends increasing university investment in internship in degree and postgraduate programs and strong partnership with employers while designing curriculum.
Nutrition Labeling
Authors: Hemasree Mulamari
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to highlight the importance of nutrition labeling. This FDA propose technique helps the consumers to make good nutrition choices. Application of Nutrition labeling is a must Therefore, the suggested model is particularly useful to understand the domain specific label utilization and its utmost importance. The paper highlights the importance of nutrition labeling in the food marked along with is negative effects.
Production optimization of ?-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Hiteshi Kalpana , Didwal Gunjan , Gupta Reena
Published: February 2022

Amylases are of great significance in present day biotechnology. They constitute 25% of the industrial market.To meet the industrial demand there is a need of production optimization of ?-amylase from the microbialsource. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate thermophilic bacterial strain producingthermophilic and alkaliphilic ?-amylase. Among 23 isolates, isolate K7 gave maximum production of ?amylase, which was later identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The organism gave maximum production of ?amylase in medium containing g/l (w/v) beef extract 3.0, peptone 5.0 and starch 1.0%. Starch (1.75%, w/v) andpeptone (0.15%, w/v) were optimized to be best carbon and nitrogen sources for ?-amylase production fromBacillus licheniformis. Optimum production of the enzyme was observed when inoculated medium of pH 8.0was incubated at 50°C for 48 h of incubation time.Further during optimization of reaction conditions, theenzyme gave maximum activity with 0.1 M Tris HCl buffer of pH 8.0 when incubated at a reactiontemperature of 50°C for 10 min of incubation time. The enzyme showed high affinity towards starch (0.15%,w/v) as substrate. The thermophilic and alkaliphilic nature of the enzyme suggest its potential application instarch, detergent and textile industries
Synergic Development of Organizations with Employee Aspirations
Authors: Subramanian K. R.
Published: February 2022

Employee involvement in organization development takes place when their aspirations are fulfilled through work. Even with a carefully planned compensation and incentive program the attrition rate in some organizations is high. When management genuinely takes care of employee aspirations the resultant synergy is reflected in customer satisfaction and product quality. Managing employee aspirations takes genuine interest and requires a structure to help employees and plan for their development by Assessment, alignment with business needs and taking steps for development of people. Organizations can help employees sharpen and develop their key skills and values and provide important feedback information to reshape their goals in alignment with the business needs of the organization. Organizational barriers to growth and Professional development of employees leads to lack of commitment and eventual separation of employees. This paper explores such barriers to employee involvement and how synergic development can take place.
Assessment of Loan Repayment Capacity of Cooperative Farmers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ilavbarhe, K. O.  , G. O. Alufohai  , T. S. Keyagha
Published: February 2022

The study assessed loan repayment capacity of cooperative farmers in Bayelsa State between 2009 and 2014. It specifically examined the socio-economic profile of the cooperative farmers, estimated the rate of loan repayment by borrowers and determined the loan recovery strategies of the farmers’ cooperatives societies. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 respondents in the study area. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to obtain data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, multiple regression, loan repayment indices, t-test and F-test. The result showed that 80% of the loans granted to the beneficiaries were repaid back while 19.84% of the borrowers had their loan outstanding. Farm size and years of cooperative membership were found to have a positive effect on loan repayment capacity. The amount of loan received and net farm income recorded positive t-value and was statistically significant. It was recommended that farmers be encouraged to join cooperative societies so as to take advantage of economies of scale.
Anti Leishmanial Activities of Some Antidepressant Drugs And Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Trivedi Sagar S. , Lodhi Geeta N. , Doifode C. A. , Raut Harsha
Published: February 2022

Leishmanisis is wide range, worldwide, without drug, vaccine, secticide and has not sterileimmunity and efforts in this field have not been successful.Leishmaniasis is a complex vectorborne disease caused by different species of Leishmania. It affects at least 12 million peopleworldwide. Leishmaniasis is commonly associated with poor economic conditions and immunecompromised situations like HIV co infection. There is increasing in drug resistance tocommonly used therapeutics as well as lack of vaccine program. This leads to a perpetual searchfor a new drug for leishmaniasis. This review fundamentally deals with some antidepressantdrugs, and antifugal drugs showing the anti leishmanial activities. The antidepressant drugs are Imipramine, Sertraline, Ketanserin and Mianserin. Imipramine being a Tri Cyclic Antidepressant(TCA) drug kills Leishmania donovani elevating IL-12/IL-10 ratio. Sertraline belonging to theselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs, removes parasite loads from spleen and liverprobably by declining cytoplasmic ATP consumption. Ketanserin is a serotonin receptor (5-HT2A/2C) antagonist that kills both amastigotes and promastigotes probably due to inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). Mianserin belonging to the TCAgroup of drug, kills both promastigote and amastigote parasites also probably due to theinhibition of HMGR. The present review will give the summarized information about puttingsome old antidepressant drugs for the treatment of another disease like Leishmania. Manytopical antifungals have been available, two important antibiotics: amphotericin B to deal withsystemic mycosis and griseofulvin to supplement attack on dermatophtes . A number ofantifungal agents have been investigated in a rodent model for their parasiticidal activity againstvisceral leishmaniasis. These drugs have been administered intravenously both alone, and inconjunction with liposomes. All the compounds tested: griseofulvin, 5-fluorocytosine, andamphotericin B—together with the known antileishmanial drug pentamidine—displayedenhanced therapeutic activity when given in liposomal form. In the case of amphotericin,liposomes composed of hydrogenated lecithin, or containing cholesterol or ergosterol in themembrane, were least toxic to the mammalian host, and had the highest therapeutic capability.
Simplification of the European Model of Management Excellence
Authors: Aurelio Muñoz Rubio  , Fernando Tejedor-Panchón  , Gonzalo Tejedor-Panchón  , José Manuel Mánuel  , Francisco Javier Bermúdez Rodríguez  , Ricardo Hernández Molina
Published: February 2022

The current international context requires the modernization of the naval sector towards what has been called Naval Industry 4.0, which has already been successfully implemented by some countries such as North Korea. In order to remain competitive with those countries, a deep reconsideration of the engineering of the whole value chain must be done. Thus, the optimization of each one of the naval sector elements is highly important. These changes also include the auxiliary industry needed for a dynamic dockyard. More specifically, the working and management model of such industry has to be updated and improve its efficiency by involving business models that guarantee the management excellence. In this sense, one management model that has become a reference for many organizations is the European Model of Excellence. In this work, we present a simplification of this model, which would allow implementing it in SMEs.
Cyber Security Issues and Recommendations
Authors: Kohli Arushi , Raina Akshay
Published: February 2022

Cyber Security is of real concern in today's period of figuring to secure information, system assets, and other discriminating data of an association. This paper presents prologue to digital security and the different dangers to the digital security and how these dangers can be determined. This paper additionally portrays the different difficulties of cyber security in India and Internet wrongdoing developing arou nd the globe. Cyber security is currently not limited just to utilization of Internet on a Desktop PC yet securing data on Tablets, PDAs as they got to be paramount correspondence medium due to innovative progressions adult quickly in recent years. To determination issues identified with digital security the group of security scientists including the educated community, the private segment and government area must cooperate to comprehend the rising dangers to the figuring scene.
Probabilistic Path Queries in Path Networks: An Effective and Efficient Clustering Methods
Authors: Jafflet S. Valenteena
Published: February 2022

Efficiently processing shortest path (SP) queries over stochastic networks attracted a lot of research attention as such queries are very popular in the emerging real world applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems and communication networks whose edge weights can be modeled as a random variable. Some pervious works aim at finding the most likely SP (the path with largest probability to be SP), and others search the least-expected-weight path. In all these works, the definitions of the shortest path query are based on simple probabilistic models which can be converted into the multi-objective optimal issues on a weighted graph. Challenging problem, two algorithms, the PEEDR and the CPGS clustering algorithm. Reliable clusters are those which are not likely to be disconnected in the context of different instantiations of the uncertain graph. we provide a generalized reliability measurement from two basic intuitions (purity and size balance) to overcome the challenges from standard reliability criterion, and develop a novel k-means algorithm to solve the uncertain clustering problem
Website Development of Enterprise ERP Based on Construction Industry
Authors: Mahajan Bhushan
Published: February 2022

with the fast development of the information technology and enterprise business, the traditional desktop management system based on three-tier architecture could not satisfy the need of enterprises. In this project we develop a website for construction industry for a new solution of enterprises ERP which is based on construction field.
Design an Efficient Top-K Query Retrieval Technique for GIQ problems
Authors: Kumaresan V. , Vairachilai S.
Published: February 2022

In a given geometric objects, set of objects are retrieved as results for the given query. The problem is defined as geometric query intersection problem. The problem defines that, for the given user query, all the relevant results which are intersected by the query are showed as output. Because of the large number results, it occupies the huge memory space. For that here we propose a solution that we show the top-k results as the output where k is the integer. This paper gives a general technique to solve any top-k GIQ problem efficiently. The technique relies only on the availability of an efficient solution for the underlying (non-top-k) GIQ problem, which is often the case. Using this, asymptotically efficient solutions are derived for several top-k GIQ problems, including top-k orthogonal and circular range search, point enclosure search, half space range search, etc. Implementations of some of these solutions, using practical data structures, show that they are quite efficient in practice. This paper also does a formal investigation of the hardness of the top-k GIQ problem, which reveals interesting connections between the top-k GIQ problem and the underlying (non-top-k) GIQ problem. In our proposed system we are going to perform multiple query processing. Because in the existing approach it can able to process only one query at the time. But in our proposed work we process multiple queries at the time.
Compiler Construction
Authors: Singla Tapodhan , Vashishtha Varun , Singh Sumeet
Published: February 2022

Compiler construction is a widely used software engineering exercise, but because most students will not be compiler writers, care must be taken to make it relevant in a core curriculum. The course is suitable for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. Auxiliary tools, such as generators and interpreters, often hinder the learning: students have to fight tool idiosyncrasies, mysterious errors, and other poorly educative issues. It is intended both to provide a general knowledge about compiler design and implementation and to serve as a springboard to more advanced courses. Although this paper concentrates on the implementation of a compiler, an outline for an advanced topics course that builds upon the compiler is also presented. We introduce a set of tools especially designed or improved for compiler construction educative projects in C
Opportunities and Challenges of Nanotechnology for Computer Science
Authors: Latha Mar S.Angel , Kalaivani E. Rama , Maheswari K. Uma
Published: February 2022

It was in 1959, Prof. Richard Feynman, a future Nobel prize winner delivered a visionary talk entitled, “There’s plenty of Room at the bottom”, visualizing the possibility of manipulating single atoms and molecules to produce stunning discoveries. Though at that time, Feynman’s talk looked very theoretical, now we are on the brink of actualizing that dream. This approach of atomic scale fabrication was termed by Feyman as ‘bottom up approach’, as opposed to the conventional method of ‘top down approach’ for material fabrication. According to the bottom up approach, building products with atomic precision will offer large potentials in all fields of human life. The term ‘Nanotechnology’ was introduced by Drexeler to describe Feynman’s grand vision. And it has inspired many researches to carry further the application of Nanotechnology to various scientific and application fields. Nanotechnology has been defined as the fabrication of devices with atomic or molecular scale precision. Devices with minimum features and sizes less than 100 nanometer (nm) are considered to the products of nanotechnology. As Nanotechnology enables us to organize matter at the atomic scale there are numerous fields of study that stand to gain.According to computer scientists, if the computer industry does not make radical changes to the fundamentals of computer technology, computing power will reach its physical limits. Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors that can be fitted on a chip doubles every eighteen months. However, current silicon technologies are approaching the limits imposed by quantum mechanics.
Review on Heart Diseases Prediction on Neural Network
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Tiwari Ashish
Published: February 2022

Neural network (ANN) tool has been used for solving many decision modeling problems. A multilayer perception is a feed forward ANN model that is used extensively for the solution of heart diseases problems. An ANN is the same as human brain. This is a non-linear classification monitoring learning technique used for coronary heart disease is the biggest epidemic the world is at risk of coronary heart disease. Most doctor's diagnosis is made by clinical expertise and patients were asked to take someone. Diagnostic testing. But all the tests will not contribute to diagnosis of the disease effectively. Feature subset selection, dimensionality used to remove irrelevant data to reduce a preprocessing step. In this paper we have a classification approach to the classification of heart disease ANN uses features from subset selection. Properties which indirectly reduces. Diagnostic tests which need to be taken by the patient. We applied our approach to heart disease data base. Our experimental results show that the accuracy improves with conventional classification techniques. This system is possible and for faster and more accurate diagnosis of heart disease.
Developing an Approach to Compress Non-Repetitive Codecs of DNA Using a Novel NDCP: A Lossless Utility
Authors: Prasad V.Hari
Published: February 2022

The transformation has been started with Information Theory in the field of Data compression. The outcome of data compression is a technological explosion in internet technology, now the continent is enjoying. Initially the spark of compression has been welded with Text (Lossless) compression and later it has been speeded to the allied areas like Geneti (DNA&mRna) and multimedia data compression (Lossless&Lossy). In 2004 the Human Genome project was deciphered. Can you imagine the human genome requires in an around of 30-35 GB for storage and maintenance. If at all if would have to maintain census data bases the infrastructure would requires substantially larger. So the remedy is compression of genetic sequences. Due to arrival of  different DNA sequences the public genetic databases size growing like in an exponential manner. To limit it state of the art many DNA compression algorithms were strived into the compression era, but they work with common performance analysis of best, worst and avg cases based on repetitiveness of the DNA sequences. In case if DNA contains many non frequent fragments(non-codecs) the existing techniques may run in worst case. A new methodology is highly inevitable for non codec’s. In this work a Lossless novel utility Tool NDCP (Non-codecDNAcompression) was proposed to delimit the feasible compression ratios of existing compression techniques.
Management of Large Scale Thesis Production
Authors: Larsson Ken
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on investigating several parameters that may influence the production of student theses in a University setting. This knowledge is valuable in determining future changes in any of the parameters that may influence the production and quality of the graduation work at the department. During the period of the study, there have been several changes in the process of thesis writing at the department, trigged by internal and external factors.  The analysis has been done in steps where new variables have been calculated from other variables, for instance, the number of days from start to finish. There is no exact way of measuring this period so in the study the start date is considered to be the date of the students registering for the thesis course, the completion date is set to be the date of the last grade of the project. On the aggregated level three variables have been studied to determine the change over time, completion rates, change in grades and the time it takes for a student from registration to completion. During the studied period, projects started from 2010 and through to 2014; there is noticeable a sharp increase of noncompeting between 2011 and 2012. One reason for this could be the introduction of new grading criteria, but the increases are not dropping off but continue to rise. Projects started in 2010 have a non-completion rate of about 17 percent, for projects started in 2014 has this increased to about 42 percent.  The time from the start to completion has increased during the studied period, from an average of 175 days in 2010 to 331 in 2014. There is a sharp increase in the length to completion in 2012, possibly caused by the introduction of a new grading process. A total of 47 supervisors fulfilled the requirements of the study by starting at least ten projects in the period of this analysis. Twenty-eight of the supervisors have at least 50 percent completion rate, this group of supervisors also have a shorter time to completion, on an average 319 days as compared with the group that has lower completion rate the average time to completion is 399 days. Recommendations from this study are in three separate strategies: recommendations on a viable process for improvement of the production process, recommendations on immediate changes in management directives regarding supervision and finally recommendations towards a new management style in general.
Antennas for Satellite Communication
Authors: Yadav Viplav , Sandeep  , Sharma Sanjay
Published: February 2022

Satellite communication antenna in unvield .It also comprises of transmitting/ receiving signal section and transmission of signal to satellite . it consist of various types of antennas used in satellite communication such as UHF, L/s band ,c-band, ku-band , k-band antennas. Multibeam broadband antenna and antennas for geostationary for satellite communication is also explained in this paper . This paper mainly describes the the signal transmitting/receiving antennas for satellite communication .
Bluetooth Technology: An Exploratory Study of the Analysis and Implementation Frameworks
Authors: Mehta Akshay , Kumar Alok
Published: February 2022

Bluetooth is still a relatively new technology to the wireless world. It is designed for wireless communication between a wide variety of different Bluetooth enabled devices; from computers and PDAs to GPS systems and heart monitoring devices. There are a growing number of companies continually adopting this technology. As Bluetooth becomes a standard feature in many products that we use everyday, it seems that the use of the technology will grow even faster in the future. This paper provides an analysis of the technology’s features and how companies should go about deciding if they should adopt Bluetooth or another wireless alternative. First, the paper talks about what Bluetooth is and how it compares with other wireless standards. It then goes into an analysis of how feasible integrating Bluetooth into a business would be, and how some industries are already using the technology. These case studies are followed by a look at what steps need to be taken through the implementation cycle, and deciding what technology makes a better fit for a business. The paper ends with a look at the pros and cons of Bluetooth, as well as a look into what the future may hold for this technology.
Compiler Construction for a Network Identification
Authors: Soni Sumit , Kumar Pravesh
Published: February 2022

The Compiler Construction is mainly used to improve the network processing system through the advance advance compiler design.The name Compiler is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high –level programming language to a lower level language.The advance compiler design is useful in the industrial application like telecommunication. Our approach to increase the flexibility ,productivity and usability of the system to target with the minimal effort .we use the bit level addressing for the network processor we show how a compiler backend has been design and also improve the feature of the compiler and fully operational. A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executabe program.
Automatic Street Lighting System Uses NE555 Integrated Circuit and LDR
Authors: Singh Satwinder , Bhullar Suman
Published: February 2022

Street light is a raised source of light that is commonly used along walkways and streets when the surrounding turns dark. Presently High Intensity Discharge lamps are used for street lighting system based on principle of gas discharge, but they consume more power and have low CRI. By replacing the HPS with LED lamps we can save a lot of energy, reduce Co2 emissions and using the autoswitching system we can also control power consumptions at the streets and eliminating manpower. With the broad availability of flexlighting technology like light-emitting diode Lamps, the street lighting system is fast reacting, reliably operating, and less power-conserving become reality. This project is all about to eliminate the manpower and reduce the energy consumptions at the street lights. This project includes controlling a circuit of street lights with the help of Transformer, Rectifier, Filter unit, LDR, NE 555 IC,BC 547 transistor, SPDT Relay, LED Lamp, resistance and capacitor during day and night.
Interleaved DC-DC Converter Based BL Buckboost Converter Fed BLDC Drive
Authors: Prakash Ch. S. V. , Kalyani K. , Prasad B. Sankara
Published: February 2022

In this paper an improved BL Buck-Boost PFC converter fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive for desired speed applications has been presented. The additional inductance and power semiconductor switches gives the advantages over the conventional circuit configuration. The reliability of the circuit gets improved by proposed model. Voltage source inverter (VSI) is used to reduce the losses across the power switches. The performance of the proposed BLDC motor is evaluated over a wide range of speed control and observed in MATLAB/Simulation environment.
Domestic and Commercial LED Lighting System Considering Low Power Consumption using Intellectual Property
Authors: Mali Sunil R. , Rothe Prashant R.
Published: February 2022

Saving energy has become one of the most important issues these days. The most waste of energy is caused by the inefficient use of the consumer electronics. Particularly, a light accounts for a great part of the total energy consumption. Various light control systems are introduced in current markets, because the installed lighting systems are outdated and energy-inefficient. However, due toarchitectural limitations, the existing light control systems cannot be successfully applied to home and office buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes an Domestic and commercial LED Lighting System Considering low power consumption using intellectual property. The proposed system utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology in order to control an LED light according to the user’s state and the surroundings. The proposed LED lighting system can autonomously adjust the minimum light intensity value toenhance both energy efficiency and user satisfaction. We designed and implemented the proposed system in the test bed and measured total power consumption to verify the performance. Our main purpose is to provide the end consumer with an economical fully centralized system in which home appliances are managed by an IEEE 802.15.4- based wireless sensor network. Not only is it necessary to focus on the initial investment, but maintenance and energy consumption costs must also be considered. This paperexplains the developed system along with a brief introduction to usual building automation protocols. The proposed LEDlighting system reduces total power consumption of the test bed up to 31%.
Review: Audio Noise Reduction Using Filters and Discrete Wavelet Transformation
Authors: Rani Shalu
Published: February 2022

Audio noise reduction using filters and Discrete Wavelet Transformation” our applications include noise propagation problem in industrial air handling systems, noise in aircrafts and tonal noise from electric power, as well as isolation of vibration from which noise is one kind of sound that is unexpected or undesired . The noise related problem can be divided into non-additive noise and additive noise. The non-additive noise includes multiplier noise and convolution noise, which can be transformed into additive noise throughhomomorphism transform. The additive noise includes periodical noise, pulse noise, and broadband noise related problems. There are many kinds of broadband noise, which may include heat noise, wind noise, quantization noise, and all kinds of random noise such as white noise and pink noise. In acoustics applications, noise from the surrounding environment severely reduces the quality ofspeech and audio signals. Therefore, basic linear are used to denoise the audio signals and enhance speech and audio signal quality. Our main objective is to reduce noise from system which is heavily dependent on the specific context and application. As, we want to increase the intelligibility or improve the overall speech perception quality. Such as SNR, PSNR, MSE and the Time to reduce the noise for noisy signals for removing noise.
Design of Modified Canny Edge Detector Based on FPGA for Portable Device
Authors: Ramgundewar Pallavi , Hingway S. P. , Mankar K.
Published: February 2022

Edge detection is one of the key stages in image processing and object reorganization. The Canny Edge Detector is one of the most widely used edge detection algorithm due to its superior performance. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to implement the Canny algorithm at the block level without any loss in edge detection performance compared with the original frame-based Canny algorithm. Directly applying the original Canny Edge detection algorithm at the blocklevel leads to excessive edges in smooth regions and to loss of significant edges in high-detailed regions since the original Canny computes the high and low thresholds based on the frame-level statistics. To solve this problem, we present a modified Canny edge detection algorithm that adaptively computes the edge detection thresholds based on the block type and the local distribution of the gradients in the image block. Here we propose the design of modified Canny Edge detection algorithm that results in significantly reduced memory requirement, decrease in latency, increase throughput, with no loss in edgedetection performance as compare to original Canny Detector Algorithm. Here we are using matlab to convert image into text/pixel value.
A Survey and Review of GSM Base Transceiver System Installation, Architecture and Uplink/Downlink
Authors: Adhikari Manjish
Published: February 2022

With the advent of development in LTE system, eNodeB the revolutionised version of BTS is used for a connection between BSCand the users. A better and improved system increases the capacity and the functionality of the mobile wireless communication system. A Base Transceiver System (BTS) is a system in a mobile communication network that houses radio receivers and is used for wireless communication between users and network providers that is under the control of Base Switching Controller (BSC) and then the exchange. This paper deals with the study of a ground based GSM Base Transceiver System (BTS) and it’s installation process, architecture, internal structures, the process involved in the uplink and downlink call procedures and the future works. This study is based on the visit to a ground based BTS at BSNL regional training centre (RTTC), Hyderabad during the EETP course. The observations made are duly recorded, reviewed and presented for a better understanding of a mobile BTS system.
Probabilistic Based Reliability Assessment Concepts for Composite Power Systems
Authors: E. A. Anazia , S. N. Onyedikachi , F. O. Enemuoh
Published: February 2022

The ability of a power system to maintain sufficient supply of electricity at all operating condition reflects its reliability. It is a measure of the systems or components adequacy and security in achieving its role at all times. This work presents system adequacy with respect to reliability following discussions on the basic probability concepts relevant for the reliability assessment of a functional composite power system (hierarchical level II). The concept has been illustrated with a simple composite system of three components; generator, transformer and transmission line. Proceeding on the assumption that components exist in one of the two-state model and not in multi-states, the steady state transition diagram was developed in order to identify system states and the transition rates between states on account of the failure or restoration of a system component. With system states and interstate transition rates identified, state and event probabilities determined, reliability indices that describes the adequacy of such composite systems can be evaluated.
Effectiveness of Teaching Methodologies in Undergraduate Commerce Colleges: Thematic Review of Literature
Authors: Philip Mohan P. , K. Ramya
Published: February 2022

As a branch of education, Commerce is a subject that imparts Knowledge and experience of business world at large in all its manifestations. Commerce education at the university level in India made its beginning in 1913 when Sydenham college of Commerce and Economics was established by the Government in Mumbai. Thereafter, a large number of prestigious business houses used to absorb commerce degree from other reputed colleges of commerce in Mumbai. The increase demand for commerce education has been due to Rapid industrialization, Expansion of Banking and Insurance Industries, Introduction of various regulations in commercial activities, taxation laws, etc., Commerce teaching is a professional service which affects the revenue stream but also the reputation of the institution leading to satisfaction of students who is one of the most important stakeholder. A good commerce teacher should not only teach but also help students to analyse and find out the problems felt by students in their learning. To keep the teaching effective, commerce teachers need to use few innovative and effective methodologies in their teaching. Teachers are facilitators for the commerce students. To facilitate they should share the practical and theoretical knowledge, what they acquired during their education and experiences. This paper addresses the different teaching methodologies and its effectiveness in teaching commerce subjects.
Factors that Influence Online Psychotherapeutic Relationship in Teachers Training College in the Lake Region, Kenya
Authors: Odera Florence , Ochola Jenipher , Kodero Hesbon
Published: February 2022

Online technology emerged as a useful tool for psychotherapy practices in higher institution of learning. From 2014, the Ministry of Education provided internet technology facilities in public teacher training colleges.  This was aimed at providing access to a wide range of educational material and facilities for educational guidance and counseling and psychotherapy practices. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence online psychotherapeutic relationship between the counselor and the clients with a view of giving a critical perspective of evidence based approach for this practice. The objective of the study was to find out the factors influencing online psychotherapeutic relationship between the trainees and tutors in teacher training colleges in the Lake Region of Kenya. The population consisted of 327 participants. This included40 tutors, and 287 teacher trainees. Data was collected by use of semi-structured questionnaires and interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed by use descriptive statistics and presented qualitatively and quantitatively. That included percentages and frequency count. The finding of this study showed that 76% of the tutor counselors reported that feelings influenced them to introduce online psychotherapy practice. The other results indicated that honesty, and 80%stated that trust and emotional closeness influence their relationship. At the same time, 73% of the tutors counselors reported feelings and honesty was reported by 83% and 87% said trust and emotional closeness. But only 7% remained neutral. The findings of this study may assist the government, non-governmental organization and professional psychotherapists to allocate more resources for the development of online psychotherapeutic relationship in Teacher Training Colleges. Based on the research findings the study recommends that online psychotherapeutic relationship be strengthened in teacher training colleges.
Model-Based Estimation of Agronomic Value Responses to Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Ndizihwe Prosper
Published: February 2022

Projecting crop yields and aggregate production of the region is of the highest interest for maize production markets which is the source of economic development of the farmers. We used Agriculture Production Systems sIMulation (APSIM 7.10) to simulate the maize yield of Nkotsi region of Rwanda for two seasons SOND and MAM. For this simulation, daily meteorological data of the rainfall, Solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature are inputs of the model. The impact of the ElNi~no-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phases and the yield is demonstrated, it is found that ElNi~no phase is good for maize and LaNina lead to the small yield. We compared the simulated yield with observed the author realize that they are correlated with R Square of 0.89. We identified cropping practices of profit-maximizing based on climate information. The seasonal rainfall forecasting has been done by ClimatePredictability Tools(CPT15) and WeatherMan Version 4.7, utilizing General Circulation Model (GCM) and Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) data from 1985 to 2019.
Performance Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System by Using R134a and Blend of R290 and R600a
Authors: Kalambate Saurabh P. , Gawade Rajaram N. , Khandekar Shailesh B. , Jadhav Dasharath D. , Bhatkar Naveed M.H.
Published: February 2022

In present scenario, most of the industrial and domestic refrigerators working on vapour compression refrigeration cycle are equipped with R134a as a refrigerant. R134a is having zero ozone depletion potential, but it has high global warming potential of 1300.Hence there is need identified for alternative refrigerant to R134a. This research work is focused on performance analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system with regard to COP, refrigerating effect, compressor work for two refrigerants i.e., R134a and blend of R290 and R600a in the proportion of 60%+40% respectively as an alternative refrigerant. Performance measure like compressor discharge temperature is also considered for analysis. The results of blend of R290 and R600a are compared with halogenated hydrocarbon R134a. Trials are conducted for R134a and blend of R290 and R600a. Results showed that COP for R134a refrigerant increases with decreases in evaporator temperature and for blend of R290 and R600a it tries to remain constant. The maximum value of COP achieved for R134a and blend R290and R600a are 3.11 and 4.09 respectively.
An Image Processing Approach to Coarse Aggregate Feature Extraction in Hardened Concrete
Authors: Khan Rsalaan , Hashim Muhammad , Khan Murad , Shamim Muhammad Atif
Published: February 2022

From 1 inch down aggregate, 10 cylindrical samples were prepared in the laboratory according to ASTM gradation. This paper presents an automated digital image processing technique for capturing the microstructure of cement concrete. Cement concrete compound material of these three phases Aggregate, sand mastic and air void. Aggregate shape, gradation and orientation also play an important role. In this paper tried to detect and separate these three phases and measure the value of them by image processing technique. Methodology consists of Concrete Mix Design, Sample Preparation, Compressive Strength Test, Sample Cutting, Image Analysis, Extracting the Data Required, Data Analysis, Comparing the Results with ASTM Gradation Curve. Concrete mix design is the process of choosing suitable ingredient of concrete and determines their relative quantities with the object of producing as economically as possible concrete of certain minimum properties, notable workability, strength and durability. DC is a destructive technique, due to the need for cut sample surfaces and fails to capture the air void distribution but it has the advantage of capturing greater aggregate detail on an individual plane and being relatively inexpensive. As we are doing our project with destructive technique, therefore we cut the samples at different level. After the samples are prepared, each specimen was transversely sawed at the ½ inch from bottom and top through core cutter to get the cross section of the sample. Core cutter is operated through electric power. In this way, we get cross section for each specimen at different level i-e top, ¼ (a) from top, 2/4 from top (b), ¾ from top(c),4/4 from the top (d) & at bottom. After cutting of all the samples at different level of sample, Images are then acquired with digital camera (Xperia 8 megapixel) so that the different constituents of concrete should be clearly visible. Image analysis will be performed on these images with “Image J” the image analysis software. Analysis will be done in unit of inches. Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operation on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a process of meaningful information from images such as finding shapes, counting objects, identifying colors or measuring object properties. Extracting the data from images, the aggregate are labeled, and the data is exported to spreadsheet. After that finding the area and perimeter from the analysis data and make the graphs for the cross check of ASTM gradation curves. The digitally filtered images were utilized to calculate a gradation for the aggregate and compare with the real gradation of aggregate. The gradation of aggregate was determined by percentage retained in different sieve sizes according to volume.
The Most Suitable Clearance in MCF (Magnetic Compound Fluid) Polishing
Authors: Zheng Yaoyang
Published: February 2022

Prof. Shimada has demonstrated experimentally that the polishing effect using our developed intelligent fluid, magnetic compound fluid (MCF), is greater than that using previously developed intelligent fluids, i.e., magnetic fluid (MF) and magneto-rheological fluid (MRF). Shimada succeeded in float polishing with a large clearance utilizing a newly developed magnetic responsive fluid, MCF, which was improved by the addition of a-cellulose, thereby achieving a clearance as great as 8mm. He also clarified the mechanism of the new polishing technique. A comparison of the MCF polishing effect with those of techniques using the ordinary magnetic responsive fluids, MF and MRF, showed the polishing effect of MCF to be greater than those of MF and MRF. The MCF polishing technique is applicable to many types of polishing, widening the variety of the uses of magnetic float polishing (MFP). However, while clearance to8mm is possible, this may not be the most suitable value. In this study, we clarified the most suitable value for MCF abrasion experimentally.
Design and Fabrication of Motorized Screw Jack Using Local Content for Higher Workshop Productivity
Authors: G.O. Osueke , O.W. Obot , F.O. Emeka Opara , E. N. Oguh
Published: February 2022

The design and fabrication of this motorized screw jack was carried out using locally available materials. The machine comprises of a jack, Electric motor, gear, shaft, 12V battery that drives the electric motor. The fabrication was carried out, sing electric arc welding machine for major joinery while other fastening devices such as bolts and nuts were applied in the finishing stages. During the test runs, the jack performed very satisfactorily for loads varying from 2 tonnes to 5 tonnes. It will therefore serve effectively for lifting of workshop equipment and cars within its range of capacity.
Effect of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced on Properties of Concrete
Authors: Alsadey Salahaldein
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates on analyzing the effects of use of Polypropylene fiber in the mechanical properties of concrete. One ofthe main tasks of the construction industry is to increase the strength and reliability of structures while reducing construction costs. Effective use of fiber reinforced concrete is likely to lead to reduction in reinforcement. Three mixes used polypropylene fiber with content 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% percent. To provide a basis for comparison, reference specimens were cast without polypropylene fiber. The test results showed that the increase of mechanical properties (compressive strength) resulting from added of polypropylene fiber was relatively high.