bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O espaço europeu de ensino superior e cidadania europeia
Authors: Pereira Elisabete Monteiro de Aguiar , Passos Rogério Duarte Fernandes dos
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo objetiva resgatar os antecedentes, bem como a trajetória da construção do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior – EEES –, apontando que a ideia de sua organização é anterior ao Processo de Bolonha, embora este tenha sido sua face mais conhecida. O texto busca cotejar essa construção com a busca de uma nova ideia de cidadania europeia. Considera-se no texto os marcos de repercussão política, jurídica e educacional no âmbito do concerto europeu contemporâneo, idealizando um conceito de Europa alargada e, igualmente, um espaço para a sua projeção no campo educacional no mundo globalizado, contribuindo para a alocação e desenvolvimento da cidadania europeia, valor que se vincula aos campos da cultura e da educação e, neste caso, à constituição de uma universidade europeia com harmonização de estrutura, currículo, tempo, créditos e níveis de formação. O EEES passou a existir formalmente, a partir de 2010, embora sua estruturação continue em processo, seja por conta das questões próprias dos 48 países que o compõem, seja pelas questões internas das universidades que a ele se agregam.
Innovation and marketing strategies of enterprises on the innovative food products market
Authors: Larina Yaroslava
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the present paper is to identify the particular use of marketing strategies for innovative products and to define the features thereof. Innovative food products can be defined as those made of unconventional materials, with the use of the latest technologies and new methods of processing and storage, and/or innovative tools of marketing promotion. In the paper I show that innovative strategy is a leading functional strategy of high-tech enterprises. It involves producing a comprehensive set of measures for improving technological aspects of the production process, changes in the company’s organisational structure, and the implementation of modern management technologies. The strategy requires companies to act consistently, which allows them to position themselves in the market. A change in strategy is a response to changing external conditions. Innovative food products belong to the FMCG market, which is characterised by tough competition and oversupply. Forming effective strategies, creating successful brands and profitable business activity in this market requires an approach tailored to this market. Strategies of leading brands in the FMCG sector include seeking out prospects in emerging markets, acquiring leaders in profitable and attractive segments and forming alliances with competitors.
Enterprise branding strategies
Authors: Michalski Eugeniusz
Published: February 2018

Preparation for marketing and implementation of exchange goods and services require branding strategies to be built. Effective branding can lend a major edge in increasingly competitive markets. An enterprise needs to determine how to conceive of brand strategy, set up brand extensions and determine the dimensions of brand equity. To understand the factors shaping branding strategies, marketers must understand where, how much and in what way brand value is created. Success or failure depend on continuously monitoring the effectiveness of branding strategies and the appropriate use of brand extension, brand equity and opportunities that appear on markets.
Changes in the profitability of investment funds in Poland in the period 2005-2016
Authors: Ochnio Emil
Published: February 2018

The paper examines the rates of return of three main types of investment funds in the period of from 2005 to June 2016. The analysis covers 120 equity, 55 bond and 60 mixed funds and is based on data taken from www.bossa.pl, www.analizy.pl and www.izfa.pl. The results of analysis indicate that macroeconomic conditions significantly shape fund returns, though the impact is diversified by fund type. Better stock market conditions benefit equity and mixed funds, and the periods of economic slowdown are favorable for safer funds, including bond and money market funds. For the entire period, equity funds achieved the highest returns, but with the highest risk. The opposite situation concerned bond funds. The average returns of every type of fund were higher than deposit rates – more than 50% of the funds outgained them.
Managing the safety of clinical nutrition as an important element of comprehensive health satisfaction
Authors: Olkiewicz Marcin , Bober Benedykt
Published: February 2018

The health of society treated as a set of potential consumers requires effective action and a multidisciplinary approach. For the paper, a survey (a proprietary questionnaire) was used to determine the impact of quality and the factors determining it. Excessive consumption of high-energy food is the cause of diet-related diseases, aggravating both household budgets and the healthcare system. Healthy eating habits and the elements of food production safety should be monitored by a food security system. Such a system should be based on permanent control of nutritional, health-related characteristics and the presence of harmful substances to minimise the risk of disease. The process of improving threat detection systems is based on scientific risk analysis, the results of which form the basis for comprehensive risk management in clinical nutrition. Understanding patients’ opinions about the importance of quality nutrition in public hospitals may be among the determinants for improved multidirectional activities and increase the effectiveness of safe clinical nutrition. This aspect plays an important role in health education.
Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz , Szuba Przemysław
Published: February 2018

This article presents the results of comprehensive research on image in the internal and external environments of an organization. During the research, the method of measuring the effect of public relations activities, i.e. the image objectives matrix, was also verified. The above tool is used to determine the image position of an economic entity, and to identify possible problems the entity must address in the range of its internal and external communications. The main conclusion is: The research project, completed in three phases(external, internal, image assessment), enabled us to optimize the dedicated tools for subsequent image studies, making it easy to see the changes closely, taking into account their direction. ZETO’s management board has received extensive material that, if appropriately used, will have a direct impact on showing the direction in which the company should be headed in the coming years. The opinions of institutional clients and employees will help to determine the strategy for future activities.
Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Markers of Insulin Resistance Are Associated With Altered Short- and Long-term Glycemic Response to DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Dennis John M. , Shields Beverley M. , Hill Anita V. , Knight Bridget A. , McDonald Timothy J. , Rodgers Lauren R. , Weedon Michael N. , Henley William E. , Sattar Naveed , Holman Rury R. , Pearson Ewan R. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Jones Angus G.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

A precision approach to type 2 diabetes therapy would aim to target treatment according to patient characteristics. We examined if measures of insulin resistance and secretion were associated with glycemic response to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated whether markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion were associated with 6-month glycemic response in a prospective study of noninsulin-treated participants starting DPP-4 inhibitor therapy (Predicting Response to Incretin Based Agents [PRIBA] study; n = 254), with replication for routinely available markers in U.K. electronic health care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]; n = 23,001). In CPRD, we evaluated associations between baseline markers and 3-year durability of response. To test the specificity of findings, we repeated analyses for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (PRIBA, n = 339; CPRD, n = 4,464).

RESULTS

In PRIBA, markers of higher insulin resistance (higher fasting C-peptide [P = 0.03], HOMA2 insulin resistance [P = 0.01], and triglycerides [P < 0.01]) were associated with reduced 6-month HbA1c response to DPP-4 inhibitors. In CPRD, higher triglycerides and BMI were associated with reduced HbA1c response (both P < 0.01). A subgroup defined by obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and high triglycerides (≥2.3 mmol/L) had reduced 6-month response in both data sets (PRIBA HbA1c reduction 5.3 [95% CI 1.8, 8.6] mmol/mol [0.5%] [obese and high triglycerides] vs. 11.3 [8.4, 14.1] mmol/mol [1.0%] [nonobese and normal triglycerides]; P = 0.01). In CPRD, the obese, high- triglycerides subgroup also had less durable response (hazard ratio 1.28 [1.16, 1.41]; P < 0.001). There was no association between markers of insulin resistance and response to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

CONCLUSIONS

Markers of higher insulin resistance are consistently associated with reduced glycemic response to DPP-4 inhibitors. This finding provides a starting point for the application of a precision diabetes approach to DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.
Differential Association of Microvascular Attributions With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Long Duration of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gordin Daniel , Harjutsalo Valma , Tinsley Liane , Fickweiler Ward , Sun Jennifer K. , Forsblom Carol , Amenta Peter S. , Pober David , D’Eon Stephanie , Khatri Maya , Stillman Isaac E. , Groop Per-Henrik , Keenan Hillary A. , King George L.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

Independent association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established. In the Joslin 50-Year Medalist study, characterizing individuals with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or more, we examined the associations of CKD and PDR with CVD, which was validated by another cohort with type 1 diabetes from Finland.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study characterized U.S. residents (n = 762) with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer (Medalists) at a single site by questionnaire, clinical, ophthalmic, and laboratory studies. A replication cohort (n = 675) from the longitudinal Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) was used. CKD and PDR were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 3b) and according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol, respectively. CVD was based on questionnaires and/or hospital discharge registers. Associations of CVD status with CKD and PDR were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

CVD prevalence in the Medalists with CKD and without PDR (+CKD/−PDR) (n = 30) and CVD prevalence in the −CKD/+PDR group (n = 339) were half the prevalence in the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 66) (34.5% and 42.8% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.002). PDR status was independently associated with CVD (odds ratio 0.21 [95% CI 0.08–0.58], P = 0.003) in patients with CKD. Among the Finnish cohort, a trend toward a lower prevalence of CVD in the +CKD/−PDR group (n = 21) compared with the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 170) (19.1% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.10) was also observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Absence of PDR in people with type 1 diabetes and CKD was associated with a decreased prevalence of CVD, suggesting that common protective factors for PDR and CVD may exist.
Analysis of Wind Effect on High-Rise Building for Different Terrain Category
Authors: Okafor Chinedum Vincent , Okolie Kevin Chucks , Cyril Mbanusi Echefuna , Okafor Chinenye Pamela
Published: February 2018

This paper analyzed the effect of wind loadings on high-rise building for different terrain categories. The wind speed and design wind pressure for the different terrain categories adopted for this study were calculated as per logarithmic wind profile equation and BS6399-2:1997 respectively. Also, the nodal displacement of a 3D high-rise building model with reference to the calculated design wind loads were performed using finite element analysis software(STADDPROV8I). From the result obtained, it was shown that Terrain category IV when compared to other terrain categories recorded lower wind speed and pressure from the ground to a height of about 10m. The writers also observed that at greater terrain category(TC4), the wind speed and pressure tends to be much higher at the top floors(10m-48m) of the high-rise building whereas, terrain categories (TC3, TC2, TC1) recorded lower wind speed and pressure at that same height(10m-48m). this disparity however was discovered to be due to a phenomenon known as gust effect. Also, the nodal displacement for the different terrain category (TC4, TC3, TC2 and TC1) on each floor of the high-rise building increased uniformly in respective pattern as the height of the 3D model increases.  In conclusion, the authors therefore remark “the greater the terrain category, the lowest is the wind speed in the roughness sub layer and the longer height it takes to reach gradient wind speed”.
Potensi Perguruan Tinggi Islam Sebagai Lembaga Ijtihad Jama’i
Authors: Hamsyah Junaidi
Published: February 2018

The responsibility of moslem to translate the holy Qur’an and Hadist as the aswers to all life problematics is in the hands of intelectual moslem. Islamic universities are formal institutions that not only play a role in education but also have the potential to become the most authoritative da'wah institution to issue legal decisions. Academic community are individuals who have been equipped with adequate tools of ijtihad, that is comprehensive and holistic science disciplines. Islamic universities, moreover, have qualified to become ijtihad jama'i institutions that are needed by modern Muslims.Tanggung jawab umat Islam untuk menerjemahkan Alquran dan Hadist sebagai jawaban segala problematika hidup ada di tangan muslim intelek. Perguruan tinggi Islam adalah lembaga formal yang tidak hanya berperan dalam pendidikan, namun juga berpotensi menjadi institusi dakwah paling otoritatif untuk mengeluarkan keputusan hukum. Komunitas akademis adalah individu yang telah dilengkapi dengan peralatan ijtihad yang memadai, yaitu disiplin sains yang komprehensif dan holistik. Universitas Islam, apalagi, telah memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi ijtihad institusi jama'i yang dibutuhkan oleh umat Islam modern. Kata kunci: perguruan tinggi, ijtihad jama’i, modernitas.
Kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: Implementasi di Wilayah Minoritas Muslim
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Astuti Ridha Windi
Published: February 2018

The curriculum has a very important role in the educational process. In Indonesia, the curriculum had changed in several times, including: Kurikulum 1994, Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK) in 2004, Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), and Kurikulum 2013. The focus of this research, is in the implemetation the curriculum 2013 in Muslim minority areas. The Implementation of the curriculum 2013 at MIN Cempaka Putih Jakarta and West Papua Malawele partly already implemented properly and in accordance with the objectives of the curriculum in 2013. The change of the teacher's role as a motivator and facilitator already visible. Where in learning the Arabic language teachers give students to be more able exploring earning materials and teachers have also begun to embed a variety of character education as a team-based learning.Kurikulum memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses pendidikan. Kurikulum di Indonesia pernah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan, diantaranya: Kurikulum 1994, Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK) 2004, Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), dan Kurikulum 2013. Fokus penelitian pada kurikulum 2013 yang di Implementasikan di wilayah minoritas muslim. Implementasi kurikulum 2013 di MIN Cempaka Putih Jakarta dan MIN Malawele Papua Barat sebagian sudah terlaksana dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan kurikulum 2013. Pergantian peran guru sebagai motivator dan fasilitator sudah terlihat. Dimana dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab guru memberikan siswa agar lebih bisa mengekspolarasi materi pembelajaran dan guru juga sudah mulai menanamkan berbagai pendidikan karakter seperti pembelajaran berbasis tim
‘Third wave feminism has led us to want to be EVERYTHING, amazing mothers, incredible professionals, perfect partners’: British Female Academics and the Politics of Reproduction
Authors: Buchanan Rebecca
Published: February 2018

This exploratory ethnography investigates the everyday lives of British female academics at home and at work to ascertain to what extent they resonate with the feminist critique of the politics of reproduction. Purposeful sampling identified three respondents with a range of experiences and data including auto-ethography was gathered via a short questionnaire. With deductive analysis this was compared with historical and contemporary feminist analysis. The main topics covered include: (1) Reproductive Choices, (2) Marxism and the Second Shift, (3) Biomedical Bias, (4) Binaries in Relationships and the Male Role, (5) Individualism and the Child's Point of View. The data indicates variability in progress on these issues after more than a century of feminist campaigning. Indeed, increased oppurtunities have materialised as increased pressure as the women aspire to achieve in every area of their lives within an unsupportive culture and an austerity focussed economic policy. The examination leads to a celebration of the individual creative responses to patriarchal restrictions and a recommendation for men to voluntarily make greater efforts towards equality.
Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Jade
Published: February 2018

Acknowledgements for the second issue of Brief Encounters.
Brief Encounters at the Borderline
Authors: Lee Jade
Published: February 2018

Foreword to the second issue of Brief Encounters.
La pianificazione urbanistica come qualificazione urbana
Authors: Campos Venuti Giuseppe
Published: February 2018

lo sono un architetto che da quaranta anni si occupa di urbanistica e da trentacinque anni se ne occupa in modo esclusivo, non avendo più disegnato neppure il progetto della mia casetta all'isola d'Elba. Eppure non ho mai smesso di sentire che la mia formazione originaria di architetto e stata decisiva per il mio lavoro di urbanista.
El territorio como periferia
Authors: Gossé Marc
Published: February 2018

El tema de esta introducción gira, dentro del contexto de la conferencia, entorno a varios conceptos que no son neutrales desde el punto de vista cultural, político, económico o espacial. Como se puede sobreentender a partir del título de la propia conferencia «Territorio y Patrimonio» existe un parentesco conceptual entre ambos términos.
Las haciendas en Venezuela: Territorio y memoria histórica
Authors: González Casas Lorenzo
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo estudia la hacienda venezolana como elemento fundamental del patrimonio del país. La hacienda es examinada a través de varias de sus dimensiones históricas: como elemento articulador del territorio, como unidad de desarrollo económico y social tradicional, y como tema de composición arquitectónica.Especial énfasis se brinda a las respuestas que la hacienda ha brindado a las condiciones geográficas, económicas y sociales de la formación histórica de la Región Central del país. En tal sentido, se resalta el importante proceso de síntesis que se logró en estos microcosmos, en los cuales se daban cita edificaciones, sociedad y paisaje.El trabajo presenta también algunos de los problemas relacionados con la preservación de estos elementos patrimoniales, en virtud de la gradual desaparición de la estructura económica y del orden social que les dio origen.
Construcción histórica y percepción del territorio: Una visión diacrónica del paisaje de Valladolid y su entorno
Authors: Santos y Ganges Luis
Published: February 2018

En los inventarios –o estudios del medio– propios de la primera fase de cualquier plan territorial suele incluirse el epígrafe «paisaje». En algunos casos aparece como el colofón del estudio del medio físico o natural, obviando el determinante papel de las sociedades humanas en la configuración del paisaje y errando, por tanto, en su caracterización. En otros casos, el paisaje se concibe simplemente como panorama visual o conjunto escénico.
El patrimonio de la forma del territorio como criterio de ordenación
Authors: Sabaté Bel Joaquín
Published: February 2018

Una de las más claras competencias y responsabilidades de la proyectación del territorio es la de constituirse en una herramienta útil para el reconocimiento y ordenación de la forma de construirlo. Este objetivo se ha abordado en el Plan Insular de Ordenación de la Isla de Tenerife (PIOT), a partir del estudio de su territorio y de los procesos que han afectado a su transformación, buscando modelos de orden y proponiendo su actualización. Se defiende con ello la firme convicción de que, en la identidad del territorio, está y debe fundamentarse su propia alternativa de ordenación.
Topofilia americana. Hacia un concepto de patrimonio ambiental en América Latina
Authors: Fernández Roberto
Published: February 2018

A partir de la omnipresencia de lo ambiental americano –la Hylea de Humboldt- se trata de postular la preponderancia de un patrimonio ambiental (en tanto manifestación de relaciones Sociedad/Naturaleza) en lugar del clásico concepto de patrimonio cultural. La noción de patrimonio ambiental conlleva a una concepción no coleccionistica ni privatista de lo patrimonial; por lo tanto, en extremo, a una visión no objetualista ni clasificadora de fragmentos discretos y selectos de la materialidad susceptible de adquirir valor patrimonial devenido de su diferencialidad.
Roma-Jubileo 2000. La rehabilitación de la ciudad y las intervenciones del Estado
Authors: Garano Stefano
Published: February 2018

Roma, se encuentra en el punto límite entre dos mundos dentro del mismo país: por un lado están las grandes áreas metropolitanas del norte, por otro, las grandes aglomeraciones del sur. En el presente trabajo se analiza esta ciudad defendiendo su alto potencial cultural y turístico cifrado en un patrimonio cultural singularístico y valorando su sistema de infraestructuras considerado insuficiente tanto física como materialmente. Siendo conscientes de esta situación, la próxima celebración del Jubileo 2000 se presenta para la ciudad como una oportunidad de obtener recursos extraordinarios de rehabilitación urbana o de infraestructuras. Frente a ello se pone de relieve que se está elaborando el nuevo Plan General de Urbanismo de Roma y se exige ampliar la mirada hacia una perspectiva más amplia, más allá del Jubileo, y reflexionar acerca del futuro de la ciudad en el plazo medio-largo que permite el planeamiento.
La Ciudad Jardín y su difusión en España. Selección de textos (1899-1923)
Authors: Castrillo Romón María , Zanca Pernía Javier
Published: February 2018

Con este número doble, la revista Ciudades pretende rendir un homenaje a la ciudad-jardín en el centenario de Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1902). Para celebrarlo, hemos buscado y seleccionado una serie de textos comprometidos con la difusión de la idea de Howard en las décadas germinales de su propaganda mundial.
Sobre los orígenes del movimiento de las Ciudades-Jardines en Europa
Authors: Guerrand Roger-Henri
Published: February 2018

El texto recoge una síntesis breve pero muy eficaz de las ideas y contextos que, en toda Europa y en cada país del continente, guardaron relación directa con el nacimiento de las ciudades jardines. El recorrido propuesto en este artículo lleno de sugerencias sigue el avance del “evangelio” de la ciudad-jardín: comienza por Alemania, Francia y Países Bajos y continúa por los países adheridos al movimiento tras la guerra de 1914: Suiza, Bélgica y España.
La Ciudad Jardín, la urbanidad revisitada
Authors: Roch Peña Fernando
Published: February 2018

Este ensayo, sirviéndose de referencias comparativas a la Ville Radieuse y a las aglomeraciones urbanas contemporáneas, defiende la urbanidad de la Ciudad Jardín y pone de relieve cómo en la propuesta de Howard -a diferencia de aquellos otros dos casos- el protagonista de la urbanística es el hombre político, el ciudadano entendido como encrucijada del hombre económico y el actor social, en la dimensión espacial que le es propia: la Ciudad Jardín, un "estado de excepción compatible".Esta interpretación conduce al autor a reflexionar sobre las relaciones de la obra de Howard con algunas cuestiones vinculadas a la construcción de la moderna sociedad de masas y que se proyectan desde el momento embrionario de las ciencias sociales (Hobbes, Petty...) hacia el pensamiento social decimonónico (socialistas utópicos, Bellamy, Marshall, Kropotkin, Morris...).Finalmente, se argumentan las distancias entre la teoría de la Ciudad Jardín y su pretendida práctica posterior, en particular, la construcción de garden suburbs y el programa británico de New Towns.
Avilés ante un nuevo futuro
Authors: Leira Eduardo , Calvo Luis
Published: February 2018

El texto refleja el reto actual de cambio al que se enfrenta la ciudad de Avilés de cara a su futuro. Las consecuencias de una caracterización tradicional como ciudad industrial básica no fueron sólo las económicas de la crisis y la reconversión, sino también las relacionadas con su insuficiente cualificación ante la renovación. El nuevo Plan que siente las bases y cree las condiciones urbanas para el cambio debe superar una función sólo remedial de la situación heredada: se requiere un Proyecto de Ciudad estratégico que identifique las oportunidades. La ciudad debe recuperar su protagonismo, vinculado especialmente a los servicios diversificados, apostando por su doble centralidad (comarcal y metropolitana) y recuperando el valioso espacio de su singular Ría y del estuario, respecto a los que creció siempre de espaldas.
La vigencia del plan a través de su variante territorial
Authors: De las Rivas Sanz Juan Luis
Published: February 2018

Un modelo urbano, si quiere ser sostenible, debe comenzar reconociendo y valorando el papel estructurante del paisaje en la propia configuración de la ciudad actual, así como en el desarrollo de un entorno habitable futuro. El texto recoge las actuaciones propuestas para cuatro núcleos urbanos castellanoleoneses a través del instrumento del Plan en su variante territorial, analizando en cada caso su idoneidad y validez. La puesta en valor de lo preexistente, la protección del paisaje y una especial atención a las áreas singulares y su identidad, con acciones estructurantes que articulan el desarrollo cualitativo de la ciudad y su territorio, son puntos comunes a las intervenciones propuestas para Zamora, Valladolid, Villamuriel de Cerrato (Palencia) y Segovia.
Los cambios en la vivienda de la ex-República Democrática Alemana a partir de la reunificación
Authors: Sáinz Guerra José Luis
Published: February 2018

El tratado de Reunificación, por el cual se realizó la unión de las dos Alemanias, marcó, entre otras muchas cosas, las líneas generales de la transformación del parque de vivienda de la antigua Alemania Oriental, tanto en lo referente al régimen de tenencia, como en lo relativo a su estado físico. Desde entonces un gran número de viviendas ha cambiado de manos y ha sido objeto de numerosas obras de mejora, dando lugar a un enorme cambio que ha estado dirigido hacia la disolución del carácter público de esas viviendas y su privatización. Junto a esto se ha producido un movimiento de población desde el Este al Oeste que ha provocado la aparición de altísimos porcentajes de vivienda vacía en determinados barrios de la Ex-RDA.
Contexto metropolitano e (re)classificação urbana: Apontamentos sobre a cidade de Lisboa e um barrio residencial na sua periferia
Authors: Baptista Luis Vicente , Silva Nunes João Pedro
Published: February 2018

En las metrópolis, las poblaciones, actividades y lugares se trasforman a ritmos nunca antes vistos. Las lógicas residenciales se transforman y tienden a reconciliarse u oponerse a las lógicas cosmopolitas. Tomando como punto de partida las dinámicas geográficas y socio-urbanísticas de la ciudad de Lisboa y construyendo la génesis y la transformación de un barrio paradigmático en la periferia de la capital portuguesa (Reboleira, Amadora), este artículo busca reflejar de forma breve los procesos de reclasificación urbana y sus interacciones con los fenómenos metropolitanos.
Puebla: El más alla de la retícula, más acá en la pobreza
Authors: Valverde Díaz de León Carlos Francisco
Published: February 2018

Puebla sostiene un modelo socio-espacial basado en un crecimiento expansivo. En este texto se profundiza su estudio, analizando: las condiciones socio-espaciales en las que se encuentra la ciudad, irregularidades en la propiedad de la tierra, insuficiencias de estructura y equipamientos, diferencias entre las distintas colonias, y la promoción inmobiliaria que lo sustenta. También explica cuales son las fuerzas internas y acciones urbanas que orientan este modelo, tanto por la vía legal, como por la ilegal.Se analizan las funciones de puebla en el ámbito territorial, estableciendo cómo está estructurado México y sus diferencias entre Norte y Sur. Para ello se parte de un breve estudio histórico que lleva a explicar cómo se ha convertido Puebla en la puerta del territorio mexicano hacia el empobrecido sur de la nación.
Del caos al orden. Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano actual
Authors: Wong Chauvet Daniel
Published: February 2018

La ciudad de Guayaquil, puerto principal del Ecuador, constituye, quizá, una de las experiencias urbanas más valiosas, al menos dentro del contexto Latinoamericano. Lo más curioso de esta ciudad, es que en ella se han producido cambios bruscos y acelerados, primero por los múltiples incendios y saqueos de los que fue víctima hace ya más de cien años, y luego por administraciones municipales poco eficientes e indiferentes que llevarían a Guayaquil a un estado de caos y deterioro alarmante, del que hace apenas doce años comenzaría a salir y que, al presente, ha quedado casi totalmente atrás. Este artículo es un análisis de ese desarrollo, de esa evolución urbana que hoy se intensifica y que se está constituyendo en un modelo de desarrollo urbano integral y particularmente excepcional.
Dificultades del urbanismo comercial: El plan general de equipamiento comercial de Castilla y León
Authors: De las Rivas Sanz Juan Luis
Published: February 2018

La rete commerciale in Castilla y Léon evidenzia con chiararezza la relazione con il sistema insediativo regionale, con le sue debolezze e peculiarità. Lo sviluppo di nuove grandi strutture commerciali e di malls, benché nettamente minore di quello che si è registrato in altre regioni della Spagna, aumenta la dipendenza del territorio extraurbano dai centri maggiori e determina un rilevante impatto sulla rete distributiva tradizionale. Le aree rurali ed i centri o i sobborghi storici rischiano di vedere diminuita la propria vitalità. La pianificazione delle attività commerciali, gestita dalle Regioni, cerca di trovare un punto di equilibrio tra le strutture commerciali tradizionali e quelle nuove, e comunque la legislazione di settore impone in Spagna una specifica autorizzazione per i centri commerciali, i malls e in genere per i grandi formati della distribuzione moderna. Ma le azioni sono in ogni caso orientate dagli attori che intervengono nel processo decisionale, in un contesto di conflittualità tra gli interessi dei diversi operatori del settore. E’ risultata evidente la sottovalutazione dell’ impatto del commercio sui sistemi urbani e ambientali.
Rigenerazione urbana e commercio. Il caso di Birmingham
Authors: Molteni Carlo
Published: February 2018

En los últimos veinte años, el centro de la ciudad de Birmingham, así como su ambiente urbano se han transformado radicalmente. En los años 90 en Inglaterra se registró un cambio decisivo en el gobierno central, tanto en materia de política comercial como en la de movilidad. Se ha intentado regenerar el centro urbano promoviendo y valorizando las funciones comerciales que posee, poniendo fin al enfoque liberal que en el transcurso de los años ochenta ha alimentado la expansión de las grandes estructuras suburbanas. Se da preferencia al modelo de ciudad compacta, así como a la movilidad y sostenibilidad.La experiencia de Birmingham representa un caso paradigmático, ya que ha tenido un proceso de profunda transformación y recualificación del centro de la ciudad, para intentar convertirse en la “nueva capital europea del comercio” y su centro comercial de Selfridges como el punto de referencia del centro de la ciudad. “Centro de la ciudad compacto y comercial”, donde los coches no están permitidos en los espacios peatonales tradicionales de las calles con edificios comerciales. Estos espacios han sido “privatizados” y controlados como parte de la experiencia comercial.
Generadores de una nueva urbanidad: los espacios comerciales
Authors: De las Rivas Sanz Juan Luis , Morandi Corinna
Published: February 2018

Introducción al nº09 de Ciudades
Espaços privados e usos colectivos: Do admirável mundo novo do consumo às novas tipologias comerciais de Lisboa
Authors: Silva Graça Miguel
Published: February 2018

La consolidación de nuevos hábitos asociados al aumento del tiempo libre, después de la segunda mitad del s. XX, intensifica y diversifica las actividades comerciales. Comercio, cultura y ocio organizan el espacio urbano contemporáneo. Los espacios comerciales son elementos estructurantes y polarizadores del tejido de la ciudad. El consumo está lleno de significado social. Todo aspira a ser transformado en consumo. Los centros comerciales se dotan de sistemas de vigilancia y control, usados como elemento de bienestar entre los ciudadanos. Se crean ambientes confortables donde las preocupaciones estén ausentes. Es el mundo de la imagen. El deseo de contacto con el sentido tradicional del espacio público hace que se creen copias de lugares, pedazos de realidad en escenarios prefabricados.En un principio surgen centros comerciales en la zona metropolitana de Lisboa y Oporto, pero ahora también se encuentran en ciudades más pequeñas. El comercio entra en la organización territorial, siendo usado como instrumento de intervención urbanística.
Ordenación del comercio minorista en Gran Bretaña
Authors: Guy Clifford
Published: February 2018

El planeamiento comercial es definido, en este artículo, como el proceso de determinar cuánto comercio, qué tipos y en que lugares debe desarrollarse en un periodo dado. Se realiza a través de la interacción del sector privado (minoristas y promotores) y el público (gobierno nacional y local). El sector privado intenta mantener o incrementar ventas y beneficios, y el público procura cumplir objetivos no comerciales, destinados a servir al interés general. El artículo resume aspectos del planeamiento comercial minorista en el Reino Unido descritos en su libro (GUY, 2006A). Así, la sección 1 plantea el marco administrativo del planeamiento comercial, contrastándolo con el de otros países europeos. La sección 2 resume la política del gobierno central para promover y controlar el desarrollo comercial. Las secciones 3 y 4 sintetizan las actitudes de los urbanistas del gobierno local y los promotores privados respectivamente. La sección 5 argumenta algunos de los resultados principales, en términos de tendencias del desarrollo en localizaciones centrales y no centrales, mientras que la sección 6 esboza algunas conclusiones.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM APLIKASI E-REPORT LAYANAN PENGADUAN MASYARAKAT PONOROGO SMARTCITY KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Nasrudin Rido Muhamad , Masykur Fauzan , Triyanto Andy
Published: February 2018

The Prototype Application System e-report of public service at Ponorogo Smartcity in Ponorogo district is designed as a fast and effective information tool between the community and Ponorogo district government in the consequences of the surrounding events. The concept of smartcity is used in this design to help communities and governments improve city efficiency, provide appropriate information and improve services, and support innovation. The reason of the literature study and direct interviews at the Ponorogo Public Relations Sub Division of Public Complaints. The method used in this design is the waterfall method, where the waterfall method is medium and also sequentially in software development. And for testing this application using blackbox method. From the results of system design using methods that produce applications that can improve services to reports of complaints Ponorogo regency community.
SISTEM PAKAR MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PERAWATAN ATAU KERUSAKAN PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR YAMAHA V-IXION
Authors: Arganata Akzha Nabella Putra , Widaningrum Ida , Mustikasari Dyah
Published: February 2018

Aplikasi sistem pakar menentukan tingkat perawatan atau kerusakan pada kendaraan bermotor yamaha v-ixion dengan menggunakan metode waterfall berisi pengetahuan gejala-gejala kerusakan dan beberapa macam kerusakan pada motor yamaha v-ixion. Setiap gejala yang dipilih akan menentukan jenis kerusakan pada motor. Sistem ini menggunakan rule pada pertanyaan saat konsultasi dengan menentukan alur atau aturan dalam menentukan jenis kerusakan pada kendaraan bermotor yamaha v-ixion. Metode waterfall merupakan metode yang memberikan solusi yang tepat karena perancangan sistemnya terstruktur dan berurutan. Sistem pakar untuk menentukan tingkat perawatan atau kerusakan pada kendaraan bermotor yamaha v-ixion menggunakan metode waterfall berbasis web dapat mempermudah pengguna dalam mencari informasi jenis kerusakan pada kendaraan bermotor yamaha v-ixion serta dapat langsung mendiagnosa kerusakan dan perawatan dari kerusakan tersebut.
Lomitapide in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: cardiology perspective from a single-center experience
Authors: Sperlongano Simona , Gragnano Felice , Natale Francesco , D’Erasmo Laura , Concilio Claudia , Cesaro Arturo , Golia Enrica , Crisci Mario , Sperlongano Rossella , Fimiani Fabio , Russo Mariagiovanna , Arca Marcello , Limongelli Giuseppe , Calabrò Paolo
Published: February 2018

Aims

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a genetic dyslipidemia characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated atherosclerosis. Frequently, traditional lipid-lowering therapy is ineffective in these patients, and lipoprotein apheresis is required. Lomitapide has been recently approved for HoFH. We reported our experience in HoFH patients treated with lomitapide, evaluating its efficacy and safety profile.

Methods

Probands suspected for familial hypercholesterolemia were extrapolated from the registry of patients admitted to our cardiology department. Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria were adopted to diagnose familial hypercholesterolemia clinically. Individuals receiving a definite or probable diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia underwent family cascade screening and genetic test. Patients with a genetic diagnosis of HoFH were treated with lomitapide and monitored with serial follow-up visits.

Results

Within 1 year of screening, from a population of 3250 patients admitted to our cardiology department, seven probands were selected with a DLCN score greater than 5. A total of two patients resulted genetically homozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia and started lomitapide. A marked reduction in LDL-C occurred in both patients on lomitapide (78% reduction in patient 1 and 86% in patient 2 already on lipoprotein apheresis, compared with baseline LDL-C), allowing the apheresis treatment to be stopped in the second case. Lomitapide was well tolerated, and both patients experienced only mild gastrointestinal events.

Conclusion

Lomitapide is an effective and well tolerated cholesterol-lowering drug approved for the treatment of HoFH patients. It would be useful to administer it early in these patients to reduce LDL-C and avoid the development of fatal cardiovascular complications.
Does migrative and proliferative capability of epithelial cells reflect cellular developmental competence?
Authors: Jankowski Maurycy , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta , Budna Joanna , Huang Yan , Knap Sandra , Bryja Artur , Borys Sylwia , Kranc Wiesława , Jeseta Michal , Magas Magdalena , Bukowska Dorota , Antosik Paweł , Brüssow Klaus P. , Machatkova Marie , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Zabel Maciej , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: February 2018

Mammalian epithelial and epithelial-like cells are significantly involved in various processes associated with tissue development, differentiation and oncogenesis. Because of that, high number of research is focused on identifying cells that express stem-like or progenitor characteristics. Identifying such cells and recognizing their specific markers, would open new clinical opportunities in transplantology and oncology. There are several epithelia characterized by their ability to rapidly proliferate and/or differentiate. Due to their function or location they are subject to cyclic changes involving processes of apoptosis and regeneration. Literature presenting well-structured studies of these types of epithelia was analyzed in order to compare various results and establish if epithelial cells’ migrative and proliferative ability indicates their stemness potential. Endometrial, ovarian, oviductal and oral mucosal epithelia were analyzed with most of the publications delivering relatively unified results. The ability to rapidly proliferate/differentiate usually indicated the presence of some kind of stem/stem-like/progenitor cells. Most of the papers focused on pinpointing the exact location of these kind of cells, or analyzing specific markers that would be used for their future identification. There have also been substantial proportion of research that focused on discovering growth factors or intercellular signals that induced proliferation/differentiation in analyzed epithelia. Most of the research provided valuable insights into the modes of function and characteristics of the analyzed tissue, outlining the importance of such study for the possible clinical application of in vitro derived cell cultures.
Crouzon syndrome: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kyprianou Chrystalla , Chatzigianni Athina
Published: February 2018

Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. The underlying pathological process is premature synostosis of the cranial sutures with subsequent phenotypic alterations of the affected person. A review of the literature has been conducted in order to resume the overall characteristics of Crouzon syndrome such as craniomaxillofacial malformations, clinical features, dentoalveolar characteristics, aesthetic impairments, and psychological background, as well as, the different therapeutic procedures, which combine surgical and orthodontic interventions. Facial and functional malformations in individuals with Crouzon syndrome could be significantly improved after a series of surgical and orthodontic procedures in almost all cases. A multidisciplinary treatment approach would provide the best outcomes in affected patients.
Oral alterations in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cicmil Smiljka , Mladenović Irena , Krunić Jelena , Ivanović Dragan , Stojanović Nikola
Published: February 2018

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases which continue to increase in number and significance. It presents the third most prevalent condition among medically compromised patients referring for dental treatment. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. The present article summarizes current knowledge regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and oral and dental health.
Oral lipoma located at the left lower vestibule-report of a case and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Karakostas Panayiotis , Matiakis Apostolos , Anagnostou Eleftherios , Kolokotronis Alexandros
Published: February 2018

Backround/Aim: The present paper focuses on examining a case report of an oral lipoma located at the left lower vestibule. Case report: The patient's clinical state was thoroughly studied, along with the findings of histopathological examinations. The surgical treatment and postoperative course are also within the scope of this report. Numerous histogenesis theories and the appropriate tumor treatment are mentioned within the article, being always in accordance with the relative literature. Conclusions: Oral lipoma is a benign not very rare neoplasm, which occurs most commonly in adult males. The surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The diagnosis must always be established by histological examination.
The Carpomyini Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Europe, Caucasus, and Middle East: New Records of Pests, with Improved Keys
Authors: Korneyev V. A. , Mishustin R. I. , Korneyev S. V.
Published: February 2018

Based on previously unpublished specimens from the collection of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Kyiv), all the species of the tribe Carpomyini known to occur in Europe and Asia westwards of the Caspian Sea and Afghanistan, are listed. The melon fruit fly, Carrpomya (Myiopardalis) pardalina (Bigot) is recorded for the first time from Ukraine and Europe, and Carpomya (s. str.) vesuviana (A. Costa, 1854) for continental Ukraine, based on collection material. Carpomya (Goniglossum) liat (Freidberg, 2016), comb. n., is established as Goniglossum has not been adopted at the genus rank. New records and illustrated keys to species are given.
TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) and Digital Copyright Infringement (Conflict Interest between Japan, USA, and Indonesia)
Authors: Sujadmiko Bayu
Published: February 2018

Japan and the United States are sample countries, which have effectively control to reduce the number of illegal file sharing. They attempt to create a healthy Internet environment by promoting the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). However, not all the members and its domestic parliaments agree with the whole provisions, specifically on Intellectual Property Chapter. Though, they keep strain to invite other nations to join the treaty. Indonesia agreed with the virtuous purposes of TPP, but it is too fast for Indonesia to ratify into domestic regulation. Indonesia is not ready yet to face the global market with low-potency. The article will show what the interest of both countries behind the TPP agreement is. It also describes how domestic copyright regulation touches illegal file sharing practices. Keywords: TPP, illegal file sharing, enforcement
An Examination of Customary and Statutory Legal Meaning of a Child in Nigeria: a Stream of Two Water that does not Mix
Authors: Ajanwachuku Akpa Michael
Published: February 2018

The Nigerian legal system is pluralistically consisting of statutory law, which is derived from received English law and native customary law. The latter is made subservient to the former through the validity tests. This paper examined the position of the two regimes on the meaning and definition of the child and the legal consequences that arise from it. The paper found that while the two legal regimes conceptualize the ‘child’ differently, there is an acute internal divergence of who a child is, within each of these regimes. The paper recommended both the internal and inter-systemic harmonization of the meaning and definition of the child within the Nigerian legal system. Keywords: Nigerian Child, Customary Law, Statutory Law, Validity Tests, Child’s Rights Act