bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Rabbe Kazi
Published: August 2024

Dear Readers,I, along with the rest of the CUSJ board, are ecstatic to present you with the 16th volume of our publication. Since its inception in 2006, CUSJ has strived to promote scientific journalism among undergraduate students and help foster a deeper appreciation and enhanced engagement for everyone in the science community. In this regard, I hope this issue will do exactly that.This issue encompasses a wide range of topics in hopes that you as a reader will be able to resonate and immerse yourself with the research presented such that you, too, feel provoked to challenge, corroborate, and contribute to the deeply enriching discussions that these articles naturally invite.This publication is a culmination of a year of hard work from the CUSJ team. Specifically, I would like to thank the editorial board for their input in reviewing and selecting the articles pre-sented in this issue as well as the CUSJ committee who were always so dependable throughout the year and were responsible for editing the articles alongside the authors. Without them, this publication would not have been possible. In addition, I would like to thank our president, Arjun Kudinoor. Throughout the year, Arjun was always able to provide great feedback to improve our processes and was a guiding hand in ensuring that this specific publication lives up to, if not ex-ceeds, the quality that has come to be expected from those before it. I am truly excited for what is to come for the future of CUSJ given Arjun and the rest of the board's dedication to improving and setting up a foundation for CUSJ to suceed in the long-term, which is especially apparent with the inaugural publication of the Columbia Scientist this May led by Aaron Jackson. Lastly, I would like to thank the CUSJ Faculty Advisory Board, whose support has helped us greatly in allowing us to present you with research of the highest standard.And with that, it is my honor to present you with the 2021-2022 edition of CUSJ. It has been a privilege serving as CUSJ's Editor-in-Chief and I cannot wait to see what is to come!Thank you so much for reading and supporting CUSJ!Kazi RabbeEditor-in-Chief, CUSJColumbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Discovering Dengue Virus Antibody Using Phage Display Technology
Authors: Yoon Ryeogyeoung , Kim Yoonchang , Ahn Somin , Kim Lawrence
Published: August 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) is a type of flavivirus transmitted globally by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is the causal agent of Dengue fever. Due to global warm-ing and rising temperatures worldwide, the rate of exposure to DENV is now reaching unprecedented levels, with over 400 million people getting infected each year. Despite worldwide attention to DENV, there is not currently an effective treatment or vaccine. Here, we focused on developing an antibody for the NS1 protein of the DENV, which enables earlier detection of disease and could further decrease the rate of death. Our study utilized a method more time-saving and cost-effective than the traditional method of extracting antibodies from the blood or B-cells of infected animals that show immu-nity: Phage Display. This technique allowed us to derive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the genome library and select DENV antibodies that bind to antigen proteins. In this study, we used Phage Display to select ninety-six potential antibodies from three phases of panning, which then went through indirect ELISA screening for optical density (OD) confirmation (OD > 1.5). Sixteen of the high optical density antibodies were sent to a DNA sequencing analysis facility where fifteen of them were revealed to be the same 1G1 strain. By understanding how antibodies are discovered using phage display technology, we hope to advance the field with reevaluation of current vaccines and the development of novel ones.
Development of a Remedial Module for Description Text Material Based on Local Wisdom Containing Class AKM for High Class Students
Authors: Amiroh Siti , Sutarto Joko , Dewi Purwati Panca
Published: August 2024

This research aims to develop a remedial module based on local wisdom that contains AKM classes. This development was carried out to help students understand descriptive text material, introduce students to local wisdom, and prepare themselves to face the National AKM through class AKM. This research is development research, or Research and Development (RnD), using the ADDIE model. The validation of the remedial module instrument was carried out by three validators, namely material experts, media experts, and practitioners. The validation results obtained from media experts were 88%, validation from material experts was 89%, and validation from practitioners was 86%. The three scores obtained met good qualifications with several revisions before being tested.

Keywords: Remedial Module, Local Wisdom, AKM class
Negotiating Calcific Canal Obliteration with Predictability: A Literature Review
Authors: Nanda Oorja , Mishra Preeti , Nikhil Vineeta
Published: August 2024

Injuries to permanent teeth can result in clinical complications, presenting significant challenges for dental practitioners. Studies indicate that approximately 4 to 24 percent of cases experience pulp canal obliteration post-trauma. The process of locating canals after calcific metamorphosis and ensuring successful negotiation to their full length can potentially result in iatrogenic issues like fractured instruments and perforation. This review article offers insights into the management of obliterated root canals.

Keywords: Calcified Canal, Calcific Metamorphosis, Pulp Canal Obliteration
Renal Rehabilitation - An Effective Treatment Strategy for Physical and Functional Limitation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):
A Review Report
Authors: Trivedi Shreya
Published: August 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less then 60ml/min and albumin higher then 30mg/gm of creatinine along with structural abnormalities of kidney more than 3 months. When GFR >15ml/min is known as End stage renal disease (ESRD). When the CKD progress towards ESRD, various treatment from a form of dialysis to transplantation is prescribed to prevent prognosis and extend the life expectancy. Renal rehabilitation (RR), same as other rehabilitative strategies is a holistic approach to provide multidimensional, coordinated intervention program designed to optimize unique treatment needs of CKD patient. RR is safe and enhances physical, psychological and social wellbeing of CKD or ESRD patient.(8,9) despite of its effectiveness it’s not include in usual treatment regimen worldwide including India. an effort is made to analyze various literature and guidelines available about renal rehabilitation which will help in understanding clinical implications of renal rehabilitation in patient with CKD. Total 275 Articles were retrieved from various search engines through PubMed, PEDRO, Google scholar and Research gate ranging from year 2014 to 2024. The current review was conducted as per PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The prevalence of CKD is increasing day by day globally and also in India. Renal Rehabilitation is a multifaced team approach which can play significant role in improving physical and psychosocial wellbeing and Quality of life of patient with CKD at all stages including haemodialysis and transplantation.

Keywords: Renal Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation, Chronic Kidney Disease
Menopause Symptoms Experienced by Women in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shah Ankita , Prajapati Hardini
Published: August 2024

It is a normal physiological change but sometimes the symptoms of menopause are severe and can hamper day to day activity and unfortunately most women are unaware of certain menopausal changes. Women experiences these symptoms in perimenopausal phase. During the transition to menopause, women may experience vasomotor, urogenital, psychosomatic, psychological as well as sexual dysfunction. There are various scales available for assess menopause symptoms.
Methodology: systematic review of studies reporting symptoms experienced by menopausal women was done using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines which included-Eligibility Criteria, Literature Search Strategy, Screening Process and Data Extraction Process. 23 articles were reviewed after complete analysis.
Result: Out of these 23 studies the all study reported somatic symptoms was the highest symptoms experienced by women that was average 73.66 %. The psychosomatic symptoms was observed in 18 studies and Average 63.03% women experienced psychological symptoms. 5 studies didn’t report any psychological symptoms in women. 13 studies reported urogenital symptoms with average 51.40%, whereas 10 studies didn’t report any urogenital symptom.
Conclusion: somatic symptoms is the highest symptoms experienced by women, among “Joint and Muscular pain” and “fatigue” was frequently experienced symptom followed by “Hot Flushes”. The psychosomatic symptoms are experienced on second number and urogenital symptoms was the least experienced, however those women who experienced urogenital symptoms had higher intensities of the symptoms.

Keywords: Menopause, menopausal symptoms, post menopause, peri menopause, Menopause rating scale, MRS, MENQOL, GCS, HAM-A, HAM-D, Kupperman Index
To Ascertain the Effectiveness of Kalium Nitricum 6C on Enhancing the Germination of Seeds and Plant Growth of Spinacia Oleracea
Authors: Rambabu Ch , Navyasree P
Published: August 2024

Agrohomoeopathy is one of the modern approaches in the Agricultural research field. However, proper selection of a homoeopathic drug and potency, helps us to give excellent quality and quantity of yield. This study is regarding the enhancement of seed germination and plant growth of Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) by using Kalium nitricum 6C. By the end of this study Kali Nitricum shown productiveness in the germination and growth of the Spinacia oleracea (Spinach).

Keywords: Agrohomoeopathy; Kalium Nitricum; Spinacia oleracea.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Bovista Lycoperdon in Treatment of Urticaria
Authors: Sekhar. P Chandra , Unnisa Lateef , Sai Sreehitha Daliparthy
Published: August 2024

Urticaria, a local dermal inflammation, is a pruritic, oedematous, erythematous condition with blanching papules that are round or oval, with pale raised centres (wheals) on the skin. It is one of the troublesome skin diseases that people are affected with and seek for treatment. Homoeopathy offers effective treatment for acute, chronic, and recurrent urticaria by correcting the underlying disturbed immune system and, hence, treating the disease at a deep level. In homeopathy, many efficient remedies are present to help treat urticaria. Bovista Lycoperdon is one such important remedy that is very useful in urticaria, effecting the whole body with immense itching. In this study, 20 patients with a clinical history of urticaria were selected and given Bovista lycoperdon and the results showed that 35% of the participants showed marked improvement and another 35% of the participants showed moderate improvement.

Keywords: Bovista lycoperdon, homoeopathy, urticaria.
An Ethno-Medical Study of Minerals and Biologicals Used for the Treatment of Livestock Diseases in Agasteeswaram Taluk, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Prabula Rani. J Jeraldin , J Scottlin. G Sathya , Nihar. S Sulfin
Published: August 2024

The majority of the people who are rearing livestock in Agasteeswaram taluk mostly utilize minerals and biological to treat the ailments of livestock. However this knowledge is perishing due to poor documentation. So this field study is carried out to recover ancient ethno-medical practices by means of semi structured questionnaire and interview among the inhabitants of Agasteeswaram taluk who are rearing livestock. 38 informants aged above 40 years old were interviewed after giving proper explanation about the study in their own language and obtaining informed consent. 8 biological, 9 minerals and mineral oils was reported from the study for the care of different livestock ailments. This study helps to conserve the ethno-medical knowledge of treating livestock ailments.

Keywords: Livestock, Ailments, Ethno-medical, Agasteeswaram taluk.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Earnings Management in Basic Industry and Chemical Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia and Thailand Stock Exchange 2017-2022
Authors: Esther Fransisca Intan Parulian , Muda Iskandar , Aulia Adnans Abdhy
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the effect of institutional ownership, firm size, leverage, firm age, company growth, and auditor's reputation as a variable control of earnings management in companies listed in the basic and chemical industry sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Thailand for the 2017-2022 period. The population in this study was 80, and 14 companies were from Indonesia and Thailand. The sample was selected using the Purpose Sampling method, totaling 130 and 9 companies for Indonesia and Thailand. The research results in Indonesia prove that firm size and growth positively and significantly affect earnings management. The firm age has a negative and significant effect on earnings management, while institutional ownership and leverage have no significant effect on earnings management partially. The research results in Thailand showed that institutional ownership, firm size, leverage, firm age, and growth do not significantly affect earnings management.

Keywords: earnings management, institutional ownership, firm size, leverage, firm age, growth
A Critical Review of Environmental Policy and Political Science Approaches to Climate Change
Authors: Dhage D. T.
Published: August 2024

The existential threat posed by climate change necessitates comprehensive responses that span the political and scientific domains. Political science and environmental policy approaches to mitigating climate change are critically studied. Analysis of environmental policy looks at certain policy instruments such as international agreements, carbon pricing, and subsidies for renewable energy. The study evaluates their efficiency in reducing emissions and points up any drawbacks, such as their narrow reach or reliance on foreign assistance. There are frameworks available from political science perspectives to help comprehend the political dynamics of climate action. It explores ideas like as power dynamics and rational choice to explain what influences social movements, domestic policy decisions, and international negotiations. The examination examines how different frameworks shed light on issues like public opinion and the impact of special interests. The review's main body then evaluates and contrasts various strategies. It investigates how political science theories and environmental policy interact or conflict with one another. This research points up possible opportunities for collaboration between different disciplines to provide better solutions. Lastly, the evaluation addresses how both areas will proceed in the future with climate change. It outlines new directions in theory and policy, points out areas in need of more research, and makes recommendations for possible study topics. Through a critical analysis of various strategies, the review hopes to advance a more thorough knowledge of mitigating climate change.

Keywords: Climate Change Mitigation; Environmental Policy Analysis; Political Science Approaches; Interdisciplinary Collaboration; Climate Action Strategies
Impact of Leverage, Profitability and Dividend Policy on Firm Value: An Explanatory Study
Authors: Akshaya Maria , Sathyasonia N.
Published: August 2024

This research investigated the relationship between leverage, profitability and dividend policy and firm value for the steel companies, based on market capitalization, listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The study utilized data from audited financial statements of 6 companies spanning from 2019 to 2024 i.e. for a period of 5 years. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to assess the data. The study showed that the selected variables viz., debt equity ratio, return on net-worth and dividend payout ratio have no significant impact on the dependent variable firm value. The author recommended to companies and policymakers to make informed decisions in identifying the internal reasons for having such no impact to improve the situation and thereby helping investors to take informed decisions.

Keywords: Market capitalization, Leverage, Firm value, Dividend policy, profitability
Students' SPLTV Problem Solving Ability Through Brain Based Learning (BBL) Model in Terms of Learning Style
Authors: Fitri Laili Nurul , Santia Ika , Rihatul Hima Lina
Published: August 2024

The research aims to determine the SPLTV problem solving ability of students with Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic learning styles through the Brain Based Learning (BBL) Learning Model. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study were students of SMAN 7 Kediri City with the sample in this study were 6 students of class X-5. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collection instruments in the study were learning style questionnaires, tests, and interviews. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that students with visual learning styles have good problem solving skills and tend to emphasize important information with special marks and write down information in detail. Meanwhile, auditory learning style students have good problem solving skills by relying more on memory. Then, students with kinesthetic learning styles have problem solving skills in the good category and accompanied by body gestures.

Keywords: problem solving ability, BBL (Brain Based Learning) learning model, learning styles
Evaluating Selenium's Therapeutic Benefits for Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Salsabila Nadhira , Bulqini Rijal
Published: August 2024

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifaceted condition that affects multiple systems throughout pregnancy, with oxidative stress (OS) playing a significant role in its development. Selenium (Se) is a crucial micronutrient that plays a vital role in human health. The involvement of Se in the production of natural antioxidants is extensively documented, and a notable decrease in Se levels has been observed in women with PE. The significance of Se as a vital trace element is connected to its function as selenocysteine in several selenoproteins, such as antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Pxs), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), and selenoprotein P (SePP). These enzymes provide protection to tissues against the harmful impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other naturally occurring byproducts of cellular metabolism that are involved in DNA damage and have the potential to cause mutations, cell death, and the development of cancer. Insufficient levels of Se in the body and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes during pregnancy lead to oxidative stress in tissues, which increases the risk of premature birth, miscarriage, preeclampsia, and intrauterine development retardation. Due to the strong reliance of placenta growth on oxygen levels, unregulated production of ROS is likely to be harmful. Notwithstanding these discoveries, the significance of Se and Se-dependent enzymes in pregnancy is still a subject of debate. The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship between selenium (Se) levels during pregnancy and negative consequences. The effects associated with reduced antioxidant activity and elevated oxidative stress will be emphasized.

Keywords: Selenium, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Oxidative Stress
Accountability and Economic Development in Nigeria
Authors: F. T. Akinrujomu , G. I. Momodu , O. C. Osuwah , O. N. Ononiwu
Published: August 2024

This study sought to examine the accountability and economic development in Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the effect of accountability on the level of gross domestic product in Nigeria and evaluated the effect of accountability on the level of public capital expenditure in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was employed, and data was gathered from the World Development Index (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria (2014-2023). In order to evaluate the analysis, two hypotheses were tested using an auto-regressive distributed lag approach. The findings revealed that there is a significant negative correlation between accountability and GDP growth as well as public capital expenditures in Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that the only hope for economic development in Nigeria is the complete eradication of corruption at all levels. It was recommended that the immunity clause in the Nigerian constitution should be removed as ICPC and EFCC have become toothless bulldogs to bring to the public notice the financial crimes in the public offices. Similarly, strict policies are needed to curtail corruption practices in public offices. Corruption has denied the huge investments (GCF) and there is no corresponding positive effect on the Nigerian economic development.
O expurgo social das cores: reflexões sobre as preferências em cores na Moda e a cromofobia
Authors: Dantas Ítalo José de Medeiros , Solino Lívia Juliana Silva , Freire Aline Gabriel , Mendes Layla de Brito , Curth Marcelo
Published: August 2024

Este estudo investiga as preferências de cores em diferentes tipos de roupas (casual, íntima, de dormir e social) no Brasil. Através de um questionário online, de abordagem quantitativa, com 501 participantes, descobrimos que o preto é a cor mais preferida dentre todos os segmentos, exceto em roupas de dormir, onde o cinza é preferido. As cores acromáticas em geral dominam as escolhas. Exploramos também a relação entre a preferência pelo preto, a cromofobia e o simbolismo sociocultural da cor. O estudo demonstra que as preferências de cores variam de acordo com o tipo de roupa, desafiando generalizações.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Early signs and Immediate treatment of Myocardial Infarction in High-risk patients in a selected Hospital at Pathanamthitta District with a view to develop an Information Pamphlet
Authors: Lizzy Mathew Alphonsa , Shaji Christy , Shine Mridhula , Anna Joseph Priya , Elizabeth Chacko Richa , Joy Rinta
Published: August 2024

Myocardial Infarction is a leading cause to mortality and disability in South Asia. Young adults with cardiovascular and CVD risk factors are a major concern of today. With the help of proper health education and early detection 90% of myocardial infarction and development of risk factors are preventable. The study was conducted to assess the “knowledge regarding early signs and immediate treatment of myocardial infarction in high-risk patients in a selected hospital at Pathanamthitta district with a view to develop an information pamphlet” by administering self-structured questionnaire. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive. The study was conducted among high-risk patients in a selected hospital at Pathanamthitta district. By using non probability purposive sampling technique 80 samples were selected for the main study and for the pilot study 8 samples were selected. The results show that the majority of samples who participated were in the age group of 50-60 years (38.75%), 25% belongs to the age group of 40-50 years, 25% belongs to the age group of >60 years and 11.25% belongs to the age group of 30-40 years. Majority of samples belongs to the gender males (65%) and females (35%). Majority of samples who has primary education (2.5%), secondary education (26.25%), higher secondary education (46.25%), degree or diploma (23.75%), masters degree (1.25%). Majority of samples have family history of cardiovascular diseases (51.25%) and 48.75% have no family history of cardiovascular diseases. Majority of samples have previous knowledge regarding the early signs and immediate treatment of myocardial infarction (66.25%) and 33.75%. The results shows that 6.25% of high-risk patients have excellent knowledge regarding the early signs and immediate treatment of myocardial infarction, 42.5% of high-risk patients have good knowledge, 28.75% of high-risk patients have average knowledge and 22.5% of high-risk patients have poor knowledge.
A Statistical Study on the need for an Educational Module to Improve the Knowledge of Infection Control and Bundle Careamong the Healthcare Workers
Authors: Chacko Shiny
Published: August 2024

Background: Nosocomial infections are those infections acquired in or associated with infections received from hospitals. They are also known as hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated infections. These infections only worsen the patient’s health and increase the length of hospital stay. Several studies show possible benefits, in terms of health and cost savings, when hospital-acquired infections are prevented. However nosocomial infections can be highly reduced by appropriate and timely intervention of the healthcare workers. Objective: This study is conductedto assess if there is any need for an educational module, to be rendered to the immediatehealthcare workers, to reduce Nosocomial infections caused due to their lack of knowledge or practice. Methodology: The study will be carried out with the help of a pilot study on 10 participants from the population. Participants are given a pre-test which consists of 36 questions based on the knowledge and practice to prevent NI, amongst which 4 common types of NI are considered, which are, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) and Surgical Site Infections (SSI). The participants gain a mark for every correct answer and are weighed against the total marks (here 36) which is called as knowledge score (Pre-test). Post this exercise the scholar administers the tailored educational module and retakes the test (Post-test) to the same participants. Knowledge score is compared between the pre-educational module rendering (pre-test) and post-educational module rendering (post-test) using appropriate statistical tools. The need and relevance of this study is assessed.
Result: A low score of knowledge in the pilot study participants was evident as the educational module designed by the scholar proved to positively impact the knowledge score as it increased drastically post-module intervention.
A study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of Somatoform disorder among art’s College students in Selected College at Rajkot
Authors: Chauhan Chandani , Manoj Ivin , Justin Doss. K. Jeenath
Published: August 2024

The reduction of level of somatoform disorders has an important role of planned teaching programme as independent variable. To assess the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of somatoform disorders among Arts students in selected college at Rajkot. Pre- experimental design one group pretest – posttest design was used to conduct the study. Marwadi college has been selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 60 patents having breast complication. The study was conducted at Marwadi college. The conceptual framework is based on “GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL”. Data was analyzed descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The association between effectiveness of structure teaching programme will be analyzed by t-test. The effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of somatoform disorders was revealed in the post-test that there was significance improvement in knowledge with administration of planned teaching programmme. The obtained “t-test” value for the level of knowledge on prevention and management of selected breast complication 17.345 that was highly significance at p<0.05 level the hypothesis was accepted. By this research study improvement of knowledge in students. This information help to them for daily life.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of Videoteaching program on knowledge regarding child CPR among third year B.Sc. Nursing students at selected College, Salem
Authors: S Pavithra
Published: August 2024

Background: A study to assess the effectiveness of video teaching program on knowledge regarding Child Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among third year B.Sc(N) students, at selected college Salem. Cardio pulmonary resuscitation is the techniques of basic life support for the purpose of oxygenation to the heart, lungs and brain until and unless the appropriate medical treatment can come and restore the normal cardio pulmonary function. Objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge level of third year Nursing students regarding child CPR. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of video teaching program on knowledge regarding child CPR among third year B. SC Nursing students. 3) To find out the association between knowledge regarding child CPR among third year B.SC Nursing students with selected demographic variables. Methods: A pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of video teaching program on knowledge regarding child CPR among third year b.sc nursing students at selected college, Salem. The total sample size was 30 students. They were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Results: The results show that pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding Child CPR among third year B.Sc(N) students before and after video teaching program. In In pre-test 0(0%) had inadequate, Moderate and Excellent adequate knowledge, 30(100%) had Mild adequate knowledge. In post-test 0(0%) had mild and Excellent adequate knowledge, 9(30%) had Mild adequate knowledge, 21(70%) had Moderate adequate knowledge among students. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between level of knowledge score and selected demographic variables regarding age, residual area, father and mother education, 12th group, previous knowledge and sources of information. There is association between level of knowledge score with demographic variables regarding sources of information.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge regarding Covid-19 among Adolescents at selected Colleges, Salem
Authors: S Umarani.
Published: August 2024

Background: Nurses play a vital role in healthcare system and health team. All health care professionals especially nurses are on the front-line battling against this pandemic and providing services to patient which is helpful to control and prevent Covid-19 pandemic1. Objectives: 1) To assess the pre test and post test level of knowledge on Covid-19 among adolescents. 2) To compare the pre test and post test knowledge on Covid-19 among adolescents. 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of self -instructional module on Covid-19 among adolescents. 4) To associate the knowledge regarding covid-19 among adolescence with their selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was done to assess the knowledge regarding Covid-19 among First year B.Sc. Nursing students at selected College of Nursing, Salem. Pre-experimental research design was usedfor this study. 58 students were selected through non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In pre-test 29(50%) of students had adequate knowledge 29(50%) students have moderately adequate knowledge and none of them have inadequate knowledge. Where as in post-test 53(91%) has adequate knowledge and 5(9%) have moderately adequate knowledge and none of them have inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: There was a significant association between knowledge score regarding Covid-19 with their selected demographic variables such as gender. Hence research hypothesis H1 is accepted for their demographic variables at p≤0.05 level. This study concluded that most of the students had adequate knowledge.
Thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục địa phương cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học huyện Tam Nông, tỉnh Đồng Tháp
Authors: Trần Đại Nghĩa , Nguyễn Ngọc Thiên Trung
Published: August 2024

Bài viết đánh giá thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục địa phương cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học, từ việc khảo sát 211 khách thể, trong đó có 44 cán bộ quản lý, 167 giáo viên và phỏng vấn 05 cán bộ quản lý là những người có kinh nghiệm quản lý trường học được đánh số từ CBQL1 đến CBQL5, 10 giáo viên là những người có kinh nghiệm dạy học được đánh số từ GV1 đến GV10 ở 10 trường tiểu học ở huyện Tam Nông, tỉnh Đồng Tháp. Kết quả khảo sát được chúng tôi xử lý số liệu theo thang đo 5 mức độ để tính điểm trung bình và tỷ lệ phần trăm để phân tích và đánh giá thực trạng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy còn nhiều vấn đề bất cập trong công tác quản lý hoạt động giáo dục địa phương cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học huyện Tam Nông, tỉnh Đồng Tháp, thực trạng này là cơ sở để các nhà quản lý có cơ sở để đề xuất các biện pháp quản lý phù hợp nhằm nâng cao chất lượng, hiệu quả công tác quản lý hoạt động giáo dục địa phương cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học địa phương này.
Thực trạng quản lý hoạt động chủ nhiệm lớp trong bối cảnh mới giáo dục ở các trường tiểu học thị xã Bình Minh, tỉnh Vĩnh Long
Authors: Võ Tuấn Khanh
Published: August 2024

Bài viết đánh giá thực trạng quản lý hoạt động chủ nhiệm lớp ở các trường tiểu học, từ việc khảo sát 48 khách thể, trong đó có 06 cán bộ quản lý, 42 giáo viên là những người có kinh nghiệm dạy học ở thị xã Bình Minh, tỉnh Vĩnh Long. Kết quả khảo sát được chúng tôi xử lý số liệu theo thang đo 5 mức độ để tính điểm trung bình và tỷ lệ phần trăm để phân tích và đánh giá thực trạng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy còn nhiều vấn đề bất cập trong công tác quản lý hoạt động chủ nhiệm lớp ở các trường tiểu học thị xã Bình Minh, tỉnh Vĩnh Long, thực trạng này là cơ sở để các nhà quản lý có cơ sở để đề xuất các biện pháp quản lý phù hợp nhằm nâng cao chất lượng, hiệu quả công tác quản lý hoạt động chủ nhiệm lớp của giáo viên ở các trường tiểu học địa phương này.
Thực trạng quản lý hoạt động xã hội hóa giáo dục của các trường tiểu học ở thị xã Cai Lậy, tỉnh Tiền Giang
Authors: Trần Thị Hoàng Ngân , Phan Thị Tố Oanh
Published: August 2024

Quản lý xã hội hóa giáo dục đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc nâng cao hiệu quả công tác xã hội hóa giáo dục. Sử dụng phương pháp điều tra bằng bảng hỏi trên 216 khách thể là cán bộ quản lý, giáo viên và các lực lượng tham gia xã hội hóa giáo dục ngoài trường. Bài viết thể hiện kết quả nghiên cứu thực trạng quản lý hoạt động xã hội hóa giáo dục của các trường tiểu học thị xã Cai Lậy, tỉnh Tiền Giang. Công tác này thường xuyên được thực hiện với hiệu quả ở mức khá. Cần chú trọng cải thiện khâu quản lý kiểm tra, đánh giá hoạt động xã hội hóa giáo dục vì được đánh giá thấp nhất.
Thực trạng và một số biện pháp quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học thị xã Cai Lậy, tỉnh Tiền Giang
Authors: Huỳnh Mộng Tuyền , Lê Thị Hồng Thúy
Published: August 2024

Bài báo đã khái hóa khung lý luận, khảo sát làm rõ thực trạng để đề xuất các biện pháp quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học. Từ việc sử dụng phối hợp các phương pháp nghiên cứu lý luận và thực tiễn, khảo sát 109 khách thể ( 45 cán bộ quản lý, 64 giáo viên) và phỏng vấn 05 cán bộ quản lý là những người có kinh nghiệm quản lý trường học của 07 trường tiểu học ở thị xã Cai Lậy, tỉnh Tiền Giang. Kết quả khảo sát được chúng tôi xử lý số liệu theo thang đo 5 mức độ để tính điểm trung bình, độ lệch chuẩn và xếp thứ bậc để phân tích và đánh giá thực trạng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cùng với kết quả đạt được, việc lập kế hoạch, tổ chức, chỉ đạo, kiểm tra, đánh hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh còn hạn chế. Thực trạng này là cơ sở cho đề xuất 4 biện pháp quản lý toàn diện, trọng tâm, phù hợp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho học sinh ở các trường tiểu học thị xã Cai Lậy, tỉnh Tiền Giang.
Multicriteria Evaluation of Biogas Plants Receiving Food Waste From a Broad Area Considering Different Spatial System Boundaries and Stakeholders
Authors: Ishii Kazuei , Yamanaka Motoki , Ochiai Satoru , Sato Masahiro
Published: August 2024

Food waste biogas plants have multiple effects on the regional environment, economy, and society. However, the past evaluation range of biogas plants was just limited to the biogas plants themselves, such as biogas generation, methane concentration, power generation efficiency. The
biogas plants seem to fulfill a variety of roles in the region, such as recycling of food waste, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the effects must depend on setting the system boundary, such as objective spatial area and stakeholders. Thus, this study attempted to evaluate
multiple effects of a biogas plant, as a case study, with environmental, economic, and social criteria considering different four spatial system boundaries (and stakeholders): the biogas plant itself (the company owning the biogas plant); the city with the biogas plant; prefecture including
the city; and the broad area from which the biogas plant receives food wastes. The biogas plant receives food waste from households and many business entities in a broad area across the prefectures and provides the biogas to the next industrial waste incinerator. As a result of evaluation,
the biogas plant reduced greenhouse gas emissions, increased the food waste usage ratio, and reduced landfilled waste. These effects were not limited to the biogas plant itself, but spread out to the city, prefecture, and the broad area. The biogas plant provided additional effects, such as
the nutrient cycle (nitrogen in the compost), cost reduction in the nest industrial incinerator, new value of compost produced from the biogas plant, and job creation.
The Distribution of Leachate Pollutants from The Jabon Landfill, Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Tangahu Bieby Voijant , Sambodho Kriyo , Rifani Muhammad , Marendra Sheilla Megagupita Putri , Kartika Anak Agung Gde , Arliyani Isni
Published: August 2024

The presence of Jabon landfill leachate poses a significant threat to the surrounding populace due to groundwater contamination, necessitating a thorough understanding of its extent and implications for public health. This research aims to comprehensively analyze groundwater samples
collected from various distances around the Jabon landfill site. Utilizing advanced spatial modeling techniques and a meticulous examination of key parameters, our study seeks to elucidate the spatial distribution and spread of leachate, facilitating an assessment of its impact on groundwater
quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 12 wells at varying distances from the landfill. Analysis revealed contaminant concentrations decreasing with distance, with parameters like pH, Electricity Conductivity (EC), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved
Solid (TDS), and Cadmium (Cd) showing variations correlating with proximity to the landfill. The Pollution Index obtained the highest value of 6.1 in wells 6 and 12, located at 1,497.15 meters and 2,491.42 meters from Jabon landfill. Well 8, located 3,691 meters from Jabon landfill, has a
Pollution Index of 5.8. Spatial analysis indicated waste dispersion from west to east and north to south, mirroring decreasing groundwater elevation levels. Overall, well pollution status suggested moderate contamination. These findings provide valuable insights into leachate pollution dynamics,
emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate its adverse effects on the environment and public health. By shedding light on these dynamics, this study contributes to ongoing efforts in environmental sustainability and informs the development of effective pollution management strategies
tailored to landfill leachate contamination challenges.
Effect of Lignin on Slow Pyrolysis of Rice Husk and Wheat Husk
Authors: Gupta Naveen Kumar , Kumar Nitesh , Baidya Rahul
Published: August 2024

Biomass based energy is looked upon as a major component of the global renewable energy sector. Biomass not only act as a source of energy but also as a source of chemical products. Pyrolysis is considered as the most effective conversion process because of its wide array of products:
biochar, pyrolytic oil and syngas. Thus, when considering biochar as the main product slow pyrolysis is the preferred option. But presence of lignin in the biomass and the working temperature effects the biochar production. Therefore, an experimental study was carried out to optimize char
production from rice husk and wheat husk. Different lignin removal methods and temperature variations were studied. Slow pyrolysis was performed at temperatures of 300° C, 350° C, 400° C, 450° C, 500° C and 550°
C at a constant heating rate of 4° C/min and retention time of 30 minutes. Lignin was removed from biomass using three methods: composting, acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis. It was found that at 300° C, the maximum char yield was achieved across all treatments,
although the heating value of the char was lower. As temperature increased, char yield decreased while the heating value increased. Rice husk exhibited a 12.36% higher char yield than wheat husk at 300° C. Composted biomass produced more char than untreated biomass; with composted
rice husk yielding 3.56% more and wheat husk showing 9.4% increase. Whereas, acid hydrolysis resulted in slight reductions in char yield, while alkaline hydrolysis caused more significant decreases. The study thus providing valuable insight in the production of biochar.
Short Communication: Potential of Biochar And Clays as Sorbents For Treatment Of Greywater and Related Wastewaters in South Africa
Authors: Bani Siphumze , Limson Janice , Zuma Bongumusa M. , Tandlich Roman
Published: August 2024

Due to the issues of water scarcity, there is a need for formulation of technologies to remove various components wastewaters to produce water that can be reused for irrigation and toilet flushing. Local production of low-cost sorbents and their use in the treatment of greywater were
examined in the current study. The aim was to assess whether different clays and/or biochar could be used the potential of the sorbents for greywater remediation. These sorbents were locally mined or sourced/produced in South Africa, and so they could provide a suitable and low-cost treatment
option for the greywater treatment and recycling that could allow for water scarcity to be dealt with in South Africa. The sorbents were observed to have average cation exchange capacities of 144.25± 0.22, 147.37± 0.18 (Clay A), and 191.94± 0.40 (Clay B) cmol(+)/kg respectively
in methylene blue solution. The same property values were 95.83± 0.14, 96.42± 0.88 (Clay A) and 96.82± 2.20 (Clay B) cmol(+)/kg respectively in brilliant green solution. In the remediation of greywater, biochar had the highest average removal efficiencies of 70.77±
35.77 % for faecal coliforms while clay A and B had 51.11± 8.49 % and 53.86 ±4.42 %, respectively. Performance of the sorbents for removal of electrical conductivity (desalination) from saline water requires further investigation, while in remediation of greywater the sorbents
have shown a potential for up-scale greywater treatment via shaking and sedimentation.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report triggered by a low larbohydrate diet and SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy
Authors:   Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel., Malnick Stephen
Published: August 2024

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (euDKA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy and low carbohydrate diets. We present a case of euDKA
Assessing the Impact of Customer Pressure, Technology Adoption, Market Volatility, Government Support, and Resource Availability on Small Entrepreneurs' Performance Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Using Smart PLS 4.0
Authors: Afaque Siddiqui
Published: August 2024

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) needs to be better understood. This study aims to provide insights into the factors influencing entrepreneurial resilience, particularly in the context of the new norm, focusing on psychological resilience, government support, and market volatility in Central India. It highlights the importance of considering the broader regulatory environment, government policies, social factors, and stakeholder relationships in influencing firm performance. We used a quantitative method for collecting data from 389 small business entrepreneurs in Central India using an offline questionnaire. The literature review emphasizes the complex nature of this relationship, highlighting the positive and negative influences of government actions on firms' performance. The study provides insights into factors influencing firm performance, particularly post-COVID-19, offering practical implications for firms seeking to understand customer relationships and their influence on overall performance. It emphasizes holistically considering innovation, productivity, and customer satisfaction for improved performance and the importance for CEOs and managers to efficiently utilize financial resources to leverage new opportunities and improve overall firm performance. The data analysis was validated using Smart PLS 4.0, and the study model's validity and reliability were assessed. A unique data collection of 389 small business owners in Madhya Pradesh was utilized to test the model and findings. In addition to adding to the corpus of knowledge, this research can help policymakers develop pertinent plans to motivate SMEs that have been most negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic to operate sustainably. There have been several further conclusions made regarding financial institutions and business owners.
Integration of MQ-5 Gas Sensors with Arduino Board
Authors: Rakshitha Kiran
Published: August 2024

This research paper explores the integration and application of the MQ-5 gas sensor with an Arduino microcontroller for a CubeSat satellite project aimed at detecting and analyzing gaseous environments in space. The MQ-5 sensor, known for its sensitivity to gases such as LPG, methane, and hydrogen, it was selected for its cost-effectiveness and dependability across diverse atmospheric conditions. The main goal was to develop a compact and efficient gas detection system suitable for the constrained environment of a CubeSat. The study covers the complete process from hardware setup to data analysis. Initial stages involved configuring the MQ-5 sensor with the Arduino, followed by rigorous calibration procedures using known gas concentrations to ensure accurate measurement. Calibration data was employed to develop a strong mapping function for converting raw sensor readings into accurate gas concentration levels.
AI-Powered Virtual Health Assistants: Bridging Gaps in Patient Care
Authors: Manjit Sandhu
Published: August 2024

Virtual health assistants (VHAs) are the new generation of patient care that is based on artificial intelligence to enhance the healthcare system. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of AI-powered VHAs in addressing the gaps in patient care with a focus on the aspects of access, productivity, and results. Both survey data on the frequency of VHA and the medical condition of patients, as well as interviews with both the providers and patients were employed. Some of the findings include the following; VHAs have led to the improvement in the management of chronic diseases, patient involvement, and functioning of the health care system. This also examines other factors such as data security, interoperability with other healthcare systems, and acceptance by medical practitioners. Therefore, VHAs with AI is a novel technology that has the capability of transforming the healthcare system and improving patient-centered care.