bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State‐of‐charge estimation to improve decision making by MAC protocols used in WSNs
Authors: Quintero V. , Perez A. , Estevez C. , Orchard M.
Published: November 2018

Energy conservation is a topic of great interest in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Various techniques have been proposed to minimise the energy consumption. One approach is to design medium access control (MAC) protocols capable of adjusting the sensor node cycle according to the available energy in the battery. The state of charge (SOC) is an indicator of the available energy stored in the battery before discharging. This work proposes a simplified battery model to estimate the SOC and compares the accuracy and computational load of the algorithm as metrics for the implementation of the MAC protocol design.
Neuro‐adaptive consensus strategy for a class of nonlinear time‐delay multi‐agent systems with an unmeasurable high‐dimensional leader
Authors: Yue Dongdong , Cao Jinde , Li Qi , Shi Xinli
Published: November 2018

Distributed cooperative consensus tracking problem for a class of uncertain multi‐agent systems with a high‐dimensional leader under a directed communication topology is concerned. Compared with related works, the dynamics of the leader agent is allowed to be different from those of the followers and may not be measured. Meanwhile, the dynamics of each follower is subject to un‐modelled dynamics, unknown time‐varying delays, as well as external disturbances, which makes the model more suitable in various practical applications. Based on the ‐matrix and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, a distributed robust radial basis function neural network controller as well as a local observer is designed for each follower so as to guarantee the ultimate boundness of the tracking errors to the leader's output signals. By appropriately cutting down the neural network parameters to be updated online, the computational burden can be greatly reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed consensus approach is testified via a numerical example.
Observer‐based formation tracking control for leader–follower multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yu Wenwu , Zhang Huaipin
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the formation tracking control for second‐order leader–follower multi‐agent systems. To estimate the velocity and acceleration of the leader, distributed observers are constructed for each follower. Based on the observed states, the authors propose a novel distributed formation tracking control protocol and analyse two communication networks with and without communication delays. Then, they prove that each agent can follow the active leader closely and form the desired spatial pattern. Finally, simulation examples are provided to show the validity of the theoretical results.
Non‐fragile finite‐time dissipative piecewise control for time‐varying system with time‐varying delay
Authors: Chen Menghua , Sun Jian
Published: November 2018

This study is concerned with the problem of non‐fragile finite‐time dissipative (FTD) control for time‐varying system with delay. The delay is time varying and belongs to a given interval. Finite‐time bounded (FTB) and FTD concepts are introduced to time‐varying system with delay. First, new FTB conditions are derived for time‐varying system with delay by using a piecewise Lyapunov functional combined with reciprocally convex approach. Second, FTD conditions are obtained to guarantee that the time‐varying system with delay is not only FTB but also satisfies a dissipative performance index. Moreover, based on the FTD conditions, the non‐fragile piecewise feedback controllers are designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In addition, an LMI‐based iterative algorithm is given to obtain the piecewise feedback non‐fragile controller gains. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analytical design of the integrated motor used in a hubless rim‐driven propulsor
Authors: Cheng Bo , Pan Guang , Cao Yali
Published: November 2018

The rim‐driven integrated motor propulsor (IMP) has received much attention in recent years, owing to its superiority in flexibility, reliability, and space occupation. For this propulsion system, radially thin motors with high torque and large air gaps are essential. Two‐segment Halbach array permanent magnets with unequal segment‐arc are adopted to enable a thin rotor and a large air gap. The general analytical solution of the magnetic field is presented. Based on the analytical calculation of the Halbach motor performance, the necessity of the rotor core was discussed, and the Halbach array was optimised with an analytical method to maximise the electromagnetic torque. This study also tried and compared three designs of the integrated motor stator to further reduce the radial thickness, and the slotted stator proved more reasonable. The fabrication of an IMP prototype was completed, and the experimental data of the integrated motor are presented and compared with the calculated results. This study also conducted the water tunnel experiment of the IMP prototype to test the integrated motor performance in the overall IMP system. The measured rotational speed and output thrust are less than expected, so the friction loss in the IMP gap flow field is calculated and analysed.
Inductance calculations for non‐coaxial Bitter coils with rectangular cross‐section using inverse Mellin transform
Authors: Yu Yue , Luo Yao
Published: November 2018

Recently, the mutual inductance between Bitter coils with rectangular cross‐section has been calculated through Bessel function approach or figured out with analytical and semi‐analytical formulas. In this study, using the inverse Mellin transform, relevant Bessel integrals will be continued analytically to the complex plane, and then by virtue of contour deformation and residue theorem, they can be expanded to the series containing the hypergeometric functions. In addition, the results obtained by this method are compared with those by finite element method software. Also, the presented approach shows great advantages of high accuracy and very short computational time.
Tuning the rotor time constant parameter of IM using the minimum order recursive linear least square estimator
Authors: Popovic Vladimir , Oros Djura , Vasic Veran , Marcetic Darko
Published: November 2018

In this study, the tuning of the rotor time constant (Tr) parameter of the induction motor (IM) drive by introducing the minimum order linear recursive least square (RLS) estimator is presented. The proposed RLS estimator can be excited using the pulse train of the flux reference as the test signal or using any other variation of the flux reference resulted from a number of optimisation techniques. The RLS is designed for traction drives with the encoder and utilises the measured stator currents. The recursive implementation of the proposed algorithm is suitable for the robust online Tr estimation at different modes of operation, including the free‐shaft and regular loading condition. The performances and practical aspects of the proposed algorithm are validated through the variety of experimental results on the digitally controlled traction IM drive.
Optimal operation of PV‐DG‐battery based microgrid with power quality conditioner
Authors: Jha Shatakshi , Hussain Ikhlaq , Singh Bhim , Mishra Sukumar
Published: November 2018

This study presents an optimal control operation of a photovoltaic‐battery based standalone microgrid, feeding non‐linear loads. To ensure continuous power supply to the critical loads during low insolation or low battery state of charge, a diesel generator (DG) is used as an auxiliary generator. This cost effective hybrid system with maximum utilisation of the renewable as well as fossil fuel based generators can be employed in hospitals, telecom stations in remote areas. In order to nullify the effect of non‐linear loads on the DG, modified enhanced phase‐locked loop (EPLL) based power quality conditioner is used. The characteristic equation of conventional EPLL is amplitude dependent, thus, the controller tuning parameters need to be modified if the input signal varies over a large range. The presented controller overcomes this problem making the system more robust in eliminating noise and harmonics and extracting fundamental component of a given signal. This component is drawn from the DG with the help of a voltage source converter, thus, making its current always distortion free. The proposed control scheme is simulated in MATLAB. Furthermore, experimental verification is done on a laboratory prototype of the same. The steady state and dynamic responses of the system validate its satisfactory performance.
Resource allocation for dynamic parameter estimation in parallel channels
Authors: Lucking David , Goodman Nathan A.
Published: November 2018

Any sensing task is constrained by the resources that the sensor has at its disposal. For example, a radar system can only allocate a certain amount of transmit energy per unit time to track all necessary target parameters. When multiple dynamic parameters must be tracked over time, a common approach is to schedule updates at regular intervals, subject to all of the tasks assigned to the radar timeline. However, with the advent of much more agile sensors, such as all‐digital apertures, it is possible to conceive of increasingly adaptive and dynamic resource allocation strategies that will yield better performance in target‐dense, resource‐constrained scenarios. In this study, the authors investigate adaptive resource allocation in a canonical scenario by assuming a parallel, linear channel model, and derive various allocation strategies and compare their short‐ and long‐term performance. The authors also investigate effectiveness as a function of varying circumstances, such as varying signal‐to‐noise ratio and strength of the target dynamics, and relate the results to adaptive allocation strategies for phased arrays and all‐digital apertures.
From solar to stellar flare characteristics
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Papaioannou Athanasios , Banjac Saša , Heber Bernd
Published: November 2018

Context. The connection between solar energetic proton events and X-ray flares has been the focus of many studies over the past 13 yr. In the course of these investigations several peak size distribution functions based on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) measurements of both quantities have been developed. In more recent studies one of these functions has been used to estimate the stellar proton fluence around the M-dwarf star AD Leonis. However, a comparison of the existing peak size distribution functions reveals strong discrepancies with respect to each other.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to derive a new peak size distribution function that can be utilized to give a more realistic estimate of the stellar proton flux of G-, K-, and M-dwarf stars.

Methods. By updating and extending the GOES-based peak size distribution down to B-class X-ray flare intensities with the help of SphinX data from the solar minimum conditions of 2009 and newly derived GOES data between 1975 and 2005, we developed a new power-law peak size distribution function for solar proton fluxes (E >  10 MeV). However, its resulting slope differs from values reported in the literature. Therefore, we also developed a double-power-law peak size distribution function. An extension to much higher X-ray flare intensities (10−1) W m−2 and above, for the first time, results in an approximation of best- and worst-case scenarios of the stellar proton flux around G-, K-, and M-dwarf stars.

Results. Investigating the impact of the newly developed peak size distribution function for G-, K-, and M-dwarf star flare intensities we show that in the worst-case scenario previous studies may underestimate the stellar proton flux by roughly one to five orders of magnitude.
The extreme O-type spectroscopic binary HD 93129A
Authors: Gruner D. , Hainich R. , Sander A. A. C. , Shenar T. , Todt H. , Oskinova L. M. , Ramachandran V. , Ayres T. , Hamann W.-R.
Published: November 2018

Context. HD 93129A was classified as the earliest O-type star in the Galaxy (O2 If*) and is considered as the prototype of its spectral class. However, interferometry shows that this object is a binary system, while recent observations even suggest a triple configuration. None of the previous spectral analyses of this object accounted for its multiplicity. With new high-resolution UV and optical spectra, we have the possibility to reanalyze this key object, taking its binary nature into account for the first time.

Aims. We aim to derive the fundamental parameters and the evolutionary status of HD 93129A, identifying the contributions of both components to the composite spectrum

Methods. We analyzed UV and optical observations acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope and ESO’s Very Large Telescope. A multiwavelength analysis of the system was performed using the latest version of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code.

Results. Despite the similar spectral types of the two components, we are able to find signatures from each of the components in the combined spectrum, which allows us to estimate the parameters of both stars. We derive log(L∕L⊙) = 6.15, Teff = 52 kK, and log Ṁ = −4.7 [M⊙ yr−1] for the primary Aa, and log(L∕L⊙) = 5.58, Teff = 45 kK, and log Ṁ = −5.8 [M⊙yr−1] for the secondary Ab.

Conclusions. Even when accounting for the binary nature, the primary of HD 93129A is found to be one of the hottest and most luminous O stars in our Galaxy. Based on the theoretical decomposition of the spectra, we assign spectral types O2 If* and O3 III(f*) to components Aa and Ab, respectively. While we achieve a good fit for a wide spectral range, specific spectral features are not fully reproduced. The data are not sufficient to identify contributions from a hypothetical third component in the system.
Synchrotron emission in molecular cloud cores: the SKA view
Authors: Padovani Marco , Galli Daniele
Published: November 2018

Understanding the role of magnetic fields in star-forming regions is of fundamental importance. In the near future, the exceptional sensitivity of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the magnetic field strength in molecular clouds and cloud cores through synchrotron emission observations. The most recent Voyager 1 data, together with Galactic synchrotron emission and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer data, constrain the flux of interstellar cosmic-ray electrons between ∼3 MeV and ∼832 GeV, in particular in the energy range relevant for synchrotron emission in molecular cloud cores at SKA frequencies. Synchrotron radiation is entirely due to primary cosmic-ray electrons, the relativistic flux of secondary leptons being completely negligible. We explore the capability of SKA in detecting synchrotron emission in two starless molecular cloud cores in the southern hemisphere, B68 and FeSt 1-457, and we find that it will be possible to reach signal-to-noise ratios of the order of 2 − 23 at the lowest frequencies observable by SKA (60 − 218 MHz) with one hour of integration.
Seasonal variations in response of periphytic algal community to nutrient enrichment in the river Ganga (Varanasi, India)
Authors: Yadav Arpana , Kumar Dhananjay , Singh Ram Sharan , Pandey Lalit K. , Rai Jyoti
Published: November 2018

Effect of nutrient enrichment on periphyton was studied using chemical diffusing substrates that released, singly or in combination, PO43−-P and nitrogen, both NO3−-N and NH4+-N. The study was carried out in March and June 2014 as these two time periods showed abundance of different groups of algae. Whereas diatoms and green algae were abundant in March, cyanobacteria dominated in June. Nitrogen was primarily growth limiting in river water as its enrichment enhanced the growth of periphyton. Phosphate limitation was secondary in nature. Enrichment of NH4+-N caused greater enhancement of periphytic growth than that of NO3−-N. Nutrient enrichment reduced species diversity, further enhancing total biovolume of the periphytic group that was predominant at that particular point of time. Nutrient enrichment markedly increased cyanobacterial populations in June due inter alia to high temperature. In spite of nutrient enrichment, the periphytic biomass did not reach the level (chla≥ 100–150 mg m−2) considered as the nuisance, except in March when combined enrichment of PO43−-P and NO3−-N greatly enhanced the periphytic biomass.
Evaluations on adequacy and utility of Failure Modes and Effects and Criticality Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis methodologies applied to civil RPAS systems
Authors: Bonfante Federica , Dalla Vedova Matteo D. L. , Maggiore Paolo
Published: November 2018

This paper is on the Failure Modes and Effects and Criticality Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis methodologies applied to the equipment and functional subsystems of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). Such aerial vehicles have been used almost exclusively for military purposes until the first decade of the 2000s. The debate then was focused both on technical and regulatory issues and research activities. Thanks to this renewed interest on unmanned systems and thanks to relatively recent improvements in information science, telecommunication, electronics and material science a strong awareness on the potential extension of unmanned technologies to civil applications arose up. A variety of economic benefits has been recognized by the aviation community from the civil use of RPAS, but, due to the absence of the pilot on board both military and civilian RPAS have always been relegated to fly into segregated airspaces. Technical potentialities of RPAS will be fully exploited integrating them into controlled airspaces in a reliable and safe way. This paper shows an example of application of FMECA and FTA to RPAS and discuss the most critical issues related to the performed analyses as well as possible future developments of this work.
A Review on Nondestructive Techniques and Characteristics of Composite Materials for the Aerospace System
Authors: Vyas Jaishree , Kažys Rymantas Jonas
Published: November 2018

In the aerospace industry contactless measurement has been a very versatile and adaptable in recent years, mainly because of its diverse applications. Usually ultrasonic measurement requires acoustic contact media which may disserve the sample and varies for different materials. In the operational hand, acoustic contact media like water is also not preferred for on-aircraft inspection. The air coupled inspection technique among other nondestructive testing techniques is often not enticing due to acoustic mismatch and wave propagation. Though, acoustical mismatch of the transducers can be reduced by application of a matching layer and also by using different corresponding transducers. Air-coupled transducers are the captivating alternatives for the inspection. This paper comprises different air coupled inspection techniques i.e. through transmission and guided wave generation as well as its working modes. Various transducer arrangements, the advantages of air-coupled ultrasonic guided wave inspection over other NDT techniques and their specifications are discussed revolving around the materials. Composite materials have superior properties like tensile strength, better heat resistance which cannot be materialized in single. The utilization of composite materials like CFRP, GFRP, other polymers and ceramic composites seeks the improvement in lift to weight ratio. An overall review deals with air coupled techniques and scrutiny of different materials concerning this technique, which includes characteristics of various composite materials used in aerospace industry.
Dynamic Force Analysis of a Novel Mechanism for Chord and Camber Morphing Wing Under Aerodynamic Loading
Authors: Şahin Harun Levent , Çakır Bora Orçun , Yaman Yavuz
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the dynamic force analysis of a novel deployable mechanism, called as scissor-structural mechanism (SSM), for active camber and chord morphing have been presented. The mechanism is created via combination of several scissor-like-elements (SLEs). With a novel kinematic synthesis concept, various types of scissor-like-elements are assembled together to provide the desired airfoil geometries. The types (translational, polar), the number of scissor-like-elements, their orientations with respect to centerline of the airfoil and their distribution frequencies over the chord length are the design parameters, which allow designers to achieve all the possible geometric shapes. With the assumption of an existing fullycompliant wing skin, it is possible to adjust the wing profile to various desired airfoil geometries. With the help of developed computer routine, the mechanism is generated which yields the minimum possible design error. After the selection of mechanism, the position, velocity and acceleration analyses of the mechanism have been done. In order to prove aerodynamic efficiency of newly created airfoil geometries and obtain pressure distribution over the airfoil, 2D aerodynamic analyses have been done with the package program XFOIL. The flow characteristics used for the analysis are determined by the flight envelope of a generic UAV. Obtained pressure distribution is applied as the lumped force on the joints. By assigning the approximate link masses and mass centers, the dynamic force analysis of the mechanism has also been performed in order to estimate the required torque to drive the synthesized mechanism.
Development of a real time intelligent health monitoring platform for aero-engine
Authors: De Giorgi Maria Grazia , Campilongo Stefano , Ficarella Antonio
Published: November 2018

In this paper an integrated heath monitoring platform is proposed and developed for performance analysis and degradation diagnostics of gas turbine engines. In a first approach the numerical tool is able to predict engine measurable data from flight data, in order to create a dataset of expected values. Then, in the case of a mismatch between expected values and measured data coming from a real engine, a second part of the tool can be activated to detect the component under degradation. In order to evaluate the performance prediction artificial neural networks (ANN) have been implemented. The tool is able to recognize the degradation due to compressor fouling and turbine erosion. Synthetic data generation has been carried out to show how the degradation effects can affect the engine performance. The used data have been generated with a model based on gas path analysis. The training of the model is focused on components deterioration due to a combination of fouling and erosion. Different scenarios have been compared in order to carry out a sensitivity analysis and to choose the best parameters for the network input and output. Obviously the knowledge of the real engine health status can be crucial for maintenance and fleet management decisions.
FASTEN: an IoT platform for manufacturing. Embraer use case
Authors: Reis Ricardo , Diniz Flávio , Mizioka Luciana , Olivio Paula , Lemos Gléverson , Quintiães Marta , Menezes Ruben , Amadio Flávio , Caldas Narciso
Published: November 2018

FASTEN is an H2020 project under a bilateral call UE-Brazil. It aims to advance IoT and IoT enabled applications to support Industry 4.0 concepts, namely in the area of automation and additive manufacturing. The project results will be demonstrated through two pilots: one in Brazil, lead by a ThyssenKrupp use case, and the other in Europe, at Embraer facilities in Portugal. The detail on the Embraer use case, on pick’n’place automation, predictive and prescriptive analytics and assembly line simulation are described as FASTEN architecture and approach.
On the assessment of autoignition delay for Diesel fuel and Biodiesel B20
Authors: Radu Bogdan , Racovitza Alexandru , Chiriac Radu
Published: November 2018

The use of bio-fuels is a necessity nowadays, regulated by European legislation, which imposes to the EU-countries an increase in the substitution rate of classic fossil Diesel fuel. Biodiesel (B) fuel proves to be a reliable agent to fulfil this requirement, but a certain number of aspects have to be ameliorated regarding the compatibility of this kind of fuel with the existent compression ignition engines. One of these problems relies on the autoignition delay, on which the research results are still dispersed. The paper proposes an analysis of this autoignition delay when using a compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with Diesel fuel and with blends of Diesel and Biodiesel fuels (B20 – 20% volumetric fraction of Biodiesel), starting from several correlations given by the literature, which are based on single-cycle analysis and application of the integral Livengood-Wu method. The obtained results offer an image of the in-cylinder processes complexity and of the B20 fuel behaviour related to the tested engine operation.
Influence of plastic deformation of S235JR steel rods on their mechanical properties and corrosion behavior in NaCl solution
Authors: Tsonev Veselin , Nikolov Nikolay , Marcheva Yordanka
Published: November 2018

Studies show that although commonly used steels are standardized, some of their mechanical properties (such as tensile strength) vary widely and knowledge of their corrosion behavior is insufficient. Additional treatments, such as plastic deformation, alter the structure of carbon steels and affect their properties. This article explores one of the most widely used materials in mechanical and civil engineering - steel S235. Two types of rods, 6 mm in diameter, from hot-rolled non-alloy structural steel (S235JR, BDS EN 10025-2: 2005) and bright cold drawn steel (S235JRC, BDS EN 10277-2: 2008) have been tested. Tensile tests have been carried out, stress-strain curves are constructed and compared, the main mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity are determined. The typical consequences of plastic deformation such as increased yield strength have been identified. The assessment of corrosion behavior was done by means of the weight loss method in a 3,5% NaCl water solution for 5 weeks. It was found out that in the studied period the two types of rod exhibit close corrosion resistance, with the tendency for the cold drawn steel to have a higher uniform corrosion rate over a longer period.
Experimental research of steel-concrete load bearing components of bridge column piers
Authors: Smirnova Nataliia , Bugayevskiy Sergiy , Ihnatenko Andrii , Synkovska Olena , Kovalov Maksym
Published: November 2018

A new constructive design of a bridge column pier, which is a load-bearing component of bridges and overpasses as well as of complex multilevel interchanges underlying a transport infrastructure, is proposed. The design is based on a steel mesh casing that is made from a solid-web plate by means of cutting meshes and further expansion of the solid-web plate using non-waste technology. Experimental research data on the bearing capacity and deformability of the cylindrical steel-concrete load bearing components of bridge column piers are provided. They are compared with research data on load bearing components having a solid casing. To make the experimental picture complete, analogous research data on cylindrical concrete load bearing components are provided. This experiment includes static and low-cycle loadings of samples under axial compression mentioned above. On the basis of the information obtained, the effort and travel fields are formed, the critical forces of structure buckling are determined. The analysis of the rationality of the cylindrical steel-concrete load bearing component of bridge column piers is carried out, using the experimental research data. To verify the research data, which are obtained in the course of the study of the critical forces of cylindrical steel-concrete load bearing component buckling, the experimental results are compared with theoretical ones.
Modelling of motorway bridge spans under modernization with consideration of rheological properties of the materials
Authors: Lobiak Alexey , Plugin Andrii , Kravtsiv Larisa , Kovalova Oksana
Published: November 2018

The paper presents a computer modelling technique for modernization of bridgework operations by building-up a mounted reinforced concrete slab. It implements the technique of the evolutionary transformation of a model in one calculation cycle with redistribution of forces between the elements of the built-up section, and consideration of the impact of elastoplastic and rheological properties of the materials. Consideration of the concrete creep implies the application of the generalized kinetic curve of prolonged deformation and phenomenological deformation development equations based on the colloid-chemical concept of the prolonged concrete deformation mechanism. The creep control was implemented through new structural coefficients which determined the structure of matrix interlayers between the sand grains, and mortar between the crushed stone grains. The technique proposed was realized in the program complex “LIRA-SAPR” based on the building information modelling (BIM) and the finite element method (FEM). The multistage modelling technique was shown by an example of calculation of a motorway bridge slab span within the transport structures under modernization along the Lev Landau Avenue in Kharkiv (Ukraine).
Increasing the accuracy of evaluation in selecting a location for establishing an intermodal terminal
Authors: Martinov Svetoslav
Published: November 2018

The present study is aimed at increasing the accuracy of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives in selecting a location for establishing an intermodal terminal in the North-Central planning development region of Bulgaria. A model has been used in the paper that allows us to increase the accuracy of multicriteria evaluation of all studied alternatives. This has been achieved by converting the values of various units into identical dimensionless units within a defined interval. It makes it possible to do an evaluation of the alternatives by using the real values of the criteria. The model has been used for multi-criteria evaluation of the alternatives in selecting a location for establishing an intermodal terminal in the city of Ruse. The results have been compared with the results of a pre-feasibility study of establishing an intermodal terminal in the city of Ruse in the North-Central planning development region of Bulgaria.
Research of the strength of the bearing structure of the flat wagon body from round pipes during transportation on the railway ferry
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Gerlici Juraj , Lovskaya Alyona , Kravchenko Kateryna , Prokopenko Pavlo , Fomina Anna , Hauser Vladimír
Published: November 2018

The dynamic loading of the bearing structure of the flat wagon from round pipes was investigated during transportation on the railway ferry. The main types of movements of the railway ferry with wagons located on its decks are taken into account. The research has been carried out on the strength of the bearing structure of the flat wagon by the finite element method. The coefficient of the reserve for the fatigue strength of the bearing structure is calculated, taking into account the action of cyclic loads in the conditions of sea disturbance.
Determining lateral resistance of sleeper in railway ballast
Authors: Hřebíček Zdeněk , Ľupták Vladimír , Stopková Mária
Published: November 2018

Within a project of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic No. TA 04030889 “Operational diagnostic of qualitative indicators of railway tracks by means of gauging its spatial deformation.” Empirical cross-resistance tests of sleepers in railway ballast were carried out in geotechnical laboratory test field (GLTF) of the Transport research center in Brno (TRC). The tests were done in collaboration with Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Railway Structures (ČVUT).
Comparing Trains Operated in Western Europe from Passenger Viewpoint
Authors: Lizbetin Jan
Published: November 2018

This paper provides a comparative analysis of trains used on high-speed railways in Western Europe. The analysis is based on a passenger satisfaction survey of transport service quality on said trains. The survey was carried out en route by interviews with passengers. The second part of the survey consisted in questionnaire where passengers expressed levels of satisfaction with different quality factors in rail transport and in their own opinion, they assessed the importance of the specific quality factors having an influence on user satisfaction with transport services. The survey was carried out in Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland.
Proposal international transport chain during the transport of tires
Authors: Černá Lenka , Zitrický Vladislav , Blaho Peter , Šulko Peter
Published: November 2018

In view of a continuously growing freight turnover, the road transport has been increasingly developing not only in the Slovak Republic, but also in the European Union, as a whole. The European Union, by applying legal instruments, seeks to change the situation in favour of safer, more efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transport, such as railways and inland water transport. The railway scientists and experts from the Slovak Republic compare the transport and tariff conditions for the carriage of automobile tires by railway and road transport on the route Puchov - Hannover in a real environment. Based on the comparative analysis, they assess the time and economic indicators of complexity and efficiency in the transportation of a particular type of cargo on a particular route.
Current Problems in Extraordinariness Situations with the Impact on the Management of Rail Transport Under the Conditions of Slovak Railways
Authors: Čamaj Juraj , Ponický Ján , Pečený Lumír , Meško Pavol , Zeman Karel
Published: November 2018

Rail transport is a dynamic and progressive process. It is important that the requirements of individual carriers be meet as efficiently as possible in accordance with the current train schedule. In the case of extraordinariness situations (delay, reconstructions activities, different routing of a train, etc.), which affect the fulfilment of train schedule, are applying so called “operational traffic management according to the applicable internal regulations”. In the event of the occurrence of these extraordinary situations, it is necessary to compile a written injunction in order to inform the train drivers about these extraordinary circumstances. The introduction of an electronic injunction system causes the opposite effect in selected situations, such as rapid, accurate, and effective delivering this paper injunction. The article focuses on the current problem of introducing a new information system for the compilation and creation of written injunctions in relation to selected types of injunctions and situations in the railway transport.
Process of modelling the freight wagon multibody system and analysing its dynamic properties by means of simulation computations
Authors: Dižo Ján , Blatnický Miroslav , Pavlík Alfréd
Published: November 2018

Computational modelling and simulations are nowadays widely used for design of railway vehicles, analysing and assessment of their dynamic properties and also for detection and prediction of the mechanism of deterioration and sources of damages. Therefore it is necessary to develop the adequate virtual model of an analysed railway vehicle as well as a track. For these purposes many simulations software packages are developed. In these computational programs a railway vehicle is modelled as a mechanical system usually consists of many bodies called a multibody system. In this paper the process of computational modelling of a freight wagon multibody system is outlined. Moreover, there are presented also results of dynamic simulation of a freight wagon running on a real track section. The analysed intermodal freight wagon was equipped with Y25 bogie. The freight wagon model, simulation analyses and ride properties evaluation were performed by means of a commercial simulation program.
Design of new effective train traffic diagram for a railway line
Authors: Mikušová Nikoleta , Timák Miloš , Fedorko Gabriel , Molnár Vieroslav
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the result of a case study analyzing the current state of rail transport in Slovakia, namely the current state on the line Humenné – Medzilaborce in the east part of Slovakia and also the current train traffic diagram. On the base of the realized analysis, it was determined the problematic parts of this line, as the insufficient occupation of the transportation line by passengers. This is caused by a lower number of inhabitants of the researched area and also the geographical position of some villages in this area. The aim of this study was therefore to find a solution that would increase interest in the use of rail transport in this region.
Reduction of Kinematic Resistance To Movement Of the Railway Vehicles
Authors: Mikhailov E. , Semenov S. , Tkachenko V. , Sapronova S.
Published: November 2018

The aim of the work is to reduce the train rolling resistance to movement the railway vehicles. The article proves the expediency of changing the constructive scheme of railway vehicle wheel, which allows independent rotation their wheel mounting surface rolling and the guide surface (flange). There has been carried out the classification and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various structural schemes wheels of the railway vehicles. There has been analyzed the Features resistance to movement wheels of traditional and perspective constructive scheme. The obtained results allow drawing a conclusion about the possibility of a significant reduction in train rolling resistance to movement of railway vehicles with wheels perspective constructive scheme.
Implementation Of The Technical Interoperability For TAF TSI Subsystem In Freight Operation
Authors: Ihnat Peter
Published: November 2018

The article describes the cooperation between freight railway undertaking and carriers with regard to implementation of the TAF TSI into operation. It suggests for interfaces between railway undertaking/carrier which are important for success application of the TAF TSI and defines limitations which must be eliminated during the implementation of the TAF TSI into operation. Technical specification of interoperability for the telematics applications for freight is one of the subsystems of railway interoperability of which implementation into operation is mandatory in accordance with Directive of the European parliament (62/2006 and 328/2012).
Aircraft manufacturers marketing warfare
Authors: Badánik Benedikt , Götz Karol
Published: November 2018

As modern aircraft manufacturing becomes increasingly competitive and complex, there is an ever-expanding need for effective marketing. Never before has it been more vital for aircraft manufacturers’ sales departments to transmit sales messages that inform, persuade, entertain, motivate and inspire. The question is: “What makes the aircraft sales campaign successful and how aircraft manufacturer can succeed against competitors?” Are there any differences between “big” and “small” players on the market? This paper offers number of insights on how aircraft manufacturers do their daily aircraft sales and marketing process. It points out major differences in how it is exercised by large and small aircraft manufacturers. The paper also suggests that if aircraft manufacturer is to be successful today, it must become competitor-oriented rather than customer-oriented. It must look for weak points in the positions of its competitors and then launch marketing warfare against those weak points.
Regional Airports Influence Economic Development of the Region
Authors: Cempírek Václav , Dočkalíková Iveta
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with the importance of regional airport for economic development of the particular region with the possibility to cover also freight transport. In technical terms it is called the logistics centre or Freight Village. The special emphasis is given to the Pardubice airport and to creation of logistics centre on the Elbe river. The logistics centre would link four types of transport – railway, road, air and inland water transport. Terminal of the combined transport, which lacks in long term in the region, is also a part of the logistics centre.
Examining the Impact of Air Passenger Transport on International Long-Distance Regular Bus Transport in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Gnap Jozef , Settey Tomáš , Beňová Dominika
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with the study of the impact of regular air passenger transport on international long-distance regular bus transport in the Slovak Republic. The comparative period is 2017 (2018) with 2008. The issue is also related to the issue of the use of Slovakian airports for regular air transport after the Slovak Republic entered the European Union in 2004. According to the results of the 2008 survey, both modes of transport have significantly affected the economic crisis. The development of low-cost airlines also affected the decrease in the number of issued transport licenses in 2018 compared to 2008 in international regular bus transport.
Gesundheitsökonomische Effekte der Rehabilitation bei chronischem Rückenschmerz – Eine Beobachtungsstudie mittels kombinierten Sekundärdaten einer gesetzlichen Krankenkasse und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Krischak Gert , Tepohl Lena , Dannenmaier Julia , Hartschuh Ulrich , Auer Ramona , Kaluscha Rainer
Published: November 2018

Hintergrund Chronischer Rückenschmerz ist die häufigste Indikation der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Zahlreiche Vorher-Nachher-Vergleiche belegen positive Effekte dieser Rehabilitation auf den Gesundheitszustand. Allerdings fehlt der Nachweis der absoluten Wirksamkeit, da eine valide Vergleichsgruppe bisher nicht identifiziert werden konnte.

Methodik Mithilfe eines verknüpften Routinedatensatzes der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund und Baden-Württemberg sowie der AOK Baden-Württemberg wurde eine Vergleichsgruppe definiert, die aufgrund ihrer Patientenkarriere mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit einen Reha-Bedarf hat, die jedoch aus unklaren Gründen keinen Rehabilitationsantrag stellte. Zur Untersuchung des Nutzens wurden direkte und indirekte Kosten mit und ohne Rehabilitation verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die direkten Kosten der Rehabilitation betrugen 2472 €, hinzu kamen indirekte Kosten in Höhe von 2597 €. Rehabilitanden nahmen in den beiden Folgejahren der Rehabilitation weniger akutstationäre Leistungen in Anspruch und verursachten geringere, indirekte Kosten durch Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Der Nutzen einer Rehabilitation im Vergleich zur Gruppe ohne Rehabilitation betrug im ersten Jahr 727 € pro Fall und zusätzliche 37 € im zweiten Folgejahr.

Schlussfolgerung Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei chronischen Erkrankungen tragen zum Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit bei. Durch die positiven Effekte der Rehabilitation sinken die AU-Dauer und die Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems, wodurch direkte und indirekte Krankheitskosten reduziert werden. Weitere ökonomische Effekte auf die möglicherweise vermiedene bzw. verzögerte Berentung durch die Rehabilitation sind hier noch nicht erfasst.
Verrenkungen, Verstauchungen – bewährte Indikationen
Authors: Bleul Gerhard
Published: November 2018

Homöopathische Differenzialdiagnose von Verrenkungen und Verstauchungen. Schnelle Mittelwahl aufgrund der Lokalisation (verletztes Gewebe), der Modalitäten und eventuell vorhandener psychischer Symptome.
Epidemiologische Entwicklung der außerklinischen Beatmung: Eine rasant zunehmende Herausforderung für die ambulante und stationäre Patientenversorgung
Authors: Karagiannidis Christian , Strassmann Stephan , Callegari Jens , Kochanek Matthias , Janssens Uwe , Windisch Wolfram
Published: November 2018

Hintergrund Die außerklinische Beatmung erfährt in Deutschland eine rasante Entwicklung. Patienten mit chronischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz werden in deutlich zunehmender Zahl nichtinvasiv oder invasiv in einem häuslichen Setting beatmet. Diese Patienten müssen im Rahmen von Kontrolluntersuchungen oder Akut-Problemen immer wieder stationär behandelt werden. Die für die Steuerung des Gesundheitswesens wichtige Entwicklung der stationären Behandlungsfälle ist bislang ebenso unbekannt wie die Morbidität und Krankenhaussterblichkeit der häuslich beatmeten Patienten.

Methode Von 2006 – 2016 wurden alle stationären Aufnahmen analysiert, bei denen eine Langzeit-Abhängigkeit vom Respirator (mindestens 3 Monate) bestand (Daten des Deutschen Statistischen Bundesamtes).

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine exponentielle Zunahme von stationären Behandlungsfällen, wobei 2006 noch 24 845 Patienten stationär behandelt werden mussten, im Jahr 2016 hingegen 86 117 Patienten. Im gleichen Zeitraum zeigte sich eine Abnahme der Krankenhaussterblichkeit von 13,2 % (2006) auf 5,7 % (2016). Im Jahr 2016 wurden zudem 47 % der Patienten auf einer Intensiv-, Weaning- oder Überwachungsstation behandelt. Es bestand eine Vielzahl von internistischen und neurologischen Komorbiditäten, welche in Verbindung mit der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz die große Patientenkohorte als schwer krankes Patientenkollektiv charakterisierte. Führende Diagnosen waren die COPD mit 58 % und eine Vielzahl kardiologischer Diagnosen. Auffällig viele Patienten (24 %) zeigten eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion bis hin zur Dialysepflichtigkeit.

Diskussion Die rasante Zunahme der außerklinischen Beatmung hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Krankenhauslandschaft in Deutschland. Der exponentielle Anstieg der sehr pflegeintensiven Patienten stellt das Gesundheitssystem vor extreme Herausforderungen und erfordert eine gesundheitspolitische Diskussion über die Grenzen des Systems.
European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Policy Document Development Strategy – Clinical Practice Guidelines, Position Statements and Technological Reviews
Authors: Jenssen Christian , Gilja Odd , Serra Andreas , Piscaglia Fabio , Dietrich Christoph , Rudd Lynne , Sidhu Paul
Published: November 2018

This document summarizes principles and methodology to guide the creation of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Position Statements und Technological Reviews of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). The purpose of EFSUMB Clinical Practice Guidelines is to provide physicians and sonographers performing or requesting diagnostic and interventional ultrasound examinations with evidence-based recommendations. Position Statements summarize EFSUMB opinions on important current issues in clinical applications, education and training of ultrasound techniques or health care policy related to ultrasound-based imaging and ultrasound-guided interventions. The third type of EFSUMB policy document is the Technological Review, which describes ultrasound techniques and technologies for physicians, medical technicians, engineers and physicists developing ultrasound technology. The whole process of development of EFSUMB policy documents is explained beginning with the decision regarding topics, selection of authors, funding, and planning of the developmental process. Further steps described in this document are the review of the evidence, creation of recommendations, statements and comments, grading of level of evidence and strength of recommendations, and consensus process. Finally, rules for the creation, review, approval, publication and update of EFSUMB policy documents are described.