bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Système d’élevage, un concept pour raisonner les transformations de l’élevage
Authors: DEDIEU B. , FAVERDIN P. , DOURMAD J.Y. , GIBON A.
Published: April 2020

Le concept de «système d’élevage» a été développé pour rendre compte et modéliser des interactions entre dimensions humaines et dimensions biotechniques de l’activité d’élevage. Après avoir rappelé l’origine et les bases des approches intégrées de l’élevage, et les applications centrées sur les liens décisions-pratiques-performances de troupeau, nous montrons comment ce concept évolue pour traiter des transformations de l’élevage, tant des attentes des éleveurs (pour un travail maîtrisé) que celles de la société (pour un plus grand respect de l’environnement). La problématique du développement durable appelle un renouvellement des approches des systèmes d’élevage vers l’étude des capacités adaptatives des systèmes socio-écologiques à l’échelle de territoires.
Etude de la réactivité émotionnelle chez la caille : une approche intégrée du bien-être animal
Authors: RICHARD S. , ARNOULD C. , GUÉMENÉ D. , LETERRIER C. , MIGNON-GRASTEAU S. , FAURE J.M.
Published: April 2020

Certaines réactions émotionnelles, telles que les réactions de peur, peuvent être inadaptées en élevage, sources d’atteintes au bien-être des animaux. Chez la caille, l’obtention de lignées génétiques divergentes sélectionnées d’une part sur un comportement de peur, d’autre part sur la motivation sociale, a démontré la faisabilité de sélections sur des composantes de la réactivité émotionnelle. Les cailles sélectionnées sur un comportement de peur diffèrent non seulement par leur propension générale à exprimer des comportements de peur, mais aussi en termes de qualité de la viande, de réactivité de l’axe corticotrope, d’activité du système nerveux autonome et au niveau neurobiologique. Une région du génome a été identifiée comme potentiellement impliquée dans les différences observées entre les lignées. Par ailleurs, les cailles sélectionnées pour leur faible motivation sociale se sont montrées plus indifférentes à leur environnement social que les cailles sélectionnées pour leur forte motivation sociale. Ces lignées de cailles se sont révélées comme de puissants modèles d’étude des mécanismes sous-tendant la réactivité émotionnelle chez les oiseaux. Les travaux pluridisciplinaires engagés sur ces cailles ont pour buts d’évaluer les conséquences de ces sélections, non seulement pour le bien-être animal mais aussi en termes de production, et d’identifier des indicateurs de bien-être qui pourront servir à comparer différents systèmes d’élevage des volailles.
Réduction du portage des salmonelles chez les animaux de rente : une approche multidisciplinaire
Authors: VELGE P. , VIRLOGEUX-PAYANT I. , LALMANACH A.C. , BELLOC C. , FRAVALO P. , VIGNAL A. , BEAUMONT C.
Published: April 2020

La majorité des cas de salmonellose humaine dans les pays industrialisés est liée à la consommation d’oeufs et de viande de volaille mais aussi de charcuteries contaminées. Pour réduire ce risque alimentaire, la stratégie développée à l’INRA, en collaboration avec l’AFSSA, vise principalement à réduire la contamination des matières premières alimentaires d’origine animale, en particulier celles issues des volailles et du porc. Cela implique d’améliorer l’état sanitaire des animaux et de lutter contre le portage asymptomatique de cette bactérie par des animaux qui abritent, voire excrètent de grande quantité de pathogènes sans signe de maladie. Une telle démarche implique une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui permettent à la bactérie de coloniser l’animal, mais aussi des réponses immunitaires mises en place par l’hôte pour résister à ce pathogène. Ces études débouchent sur le développement de vaccins ou de moyens thérapeutiques et sur la sélection d’animaux plus résistants à ce portage asymptomatique. Enfin, une approche intégrative complémentaire des études expérimentales et observationnelles de terrain permet de modéliser la contamination des animaux ou des industries agroalimentaires pour analyser les risques de transmission et l’impact des mesures prophylactiques.
Les vecteurs viraux : outils modernes de vaccination
Authors: BERTAGNOLI S. , PIGNOLET B. , BIACCHESI S. , ELOIT M. , KLONJKOWSKI B. , RICHARDSON J. , BREMONT M.
Published: April 2020

Les vaccins destinés aux animaux appartiennent à deux grandes catégories : les vaccins à agents vivants, et ceux à agents inertes. Depuis quelques années, dans chacune de ces catégories, les innovations technologiques ont considérablement amélioré et diversifié les stratégies vaccinales disponibles en fonction des contraintes liées à des préoccupations tant d’innocuité, que d’efficacité ou encore de nature économique. C’est dans ce cadre que l’INRA a depuis de nombreuses années orienté les efforts de recherche vers l’élaboration de nouveaux vaccins s’appuyant sur la mise au point de vecteurs viraux adaptés à diverses espèces animales et susceptibles de répondre aux exigences des filières animales. Dans cette revue, nous décrivons ainsi les principes d’obtention et le développement de vecteurs vaccinaux fondés sur l’emploi de poxvirus animaux à spectre d’hôte étroit (virus myxomateux), d’adenovirus humains ou animaux défectifs (c’est-à-dire ayant perdu toute capacité à se multiplier chez l’hôte) ainsi que de rhabdovirus de poissons modifiés par génétique inverse. Des exemples d’application de vaccination non seulement contre des maladies animales d’intérêt économique, mais aussi dans le cadre de modèles de pathologie comparée permettent d’illustrer le potentiel indiscutable de ces vecteurs viraux et d’envisager leur emploi pour le contrôle de maladies animales émergentes ou réémergentes en Europe.
Approches combinées de génomique positionnelle et expressionnelle pour l’étude des gènes contrôlant la qualité de la viande chez les volailles
Authors: LE BIHAN-DUVAL E. , BERRI C. , PITEL F. , NADAF J. , SIBUT V. , GIGAUD V. , DUCLOS M.
Published: April 2020

Les évolutions importantes des modes de consommation des volailles (vers davantage de produits découpés ou élaborés au détriment des carcasses entières) ont renforcé l’importance de la qualité de la viande. Il existe aujourd’hui une forte variabilité de cette qualité, qu’il convient de mieux maîtriser pour contrôler les caractéristiques finales du produit. A côté des adaptations technologiques développées par les industriels, des recherches ont été initiées pour améliorer en amont la qualité de la viande, notamment par la voie génétique. Des approches complémentaires de génomique positionnelle (recherche de QTL) et expressionnelle (étude du transcriptome musculaire) ont été initiées pour identifier les gènes impliqués dans les variations de la qualité chez le Poulet. Ces études s’appuient sur des modèles animaux, lignées expérimentales ou commerciales, qui présentent de fortes différences de croissance et de qualité. Des premiers résultats originaux ont été obtenus sur les régions chromosomiques (ou QTL) contrôlant la cinétique de chute du pH post mortem, la couleur ou les pertes en eau par exsudation du filet de poulet. Les perspectives visent maintenant à identifier les polymorphismes sous-jacents, ou à défaut des marqueurs génétiques proches, pour une utilisation en sélection. Ces futures recherches bénéficieront des progrès importants réalisés dans les technologies de typage (avec l’accès chez le Poulet aux marqueurs haut débit de type SNP), mais aussi de la mise en évidence par les études du transcriptome des gènes et voies métaboliques contribuant à l’élaboration de la qualité.
Le lapereau en développement : données comportementales, alimentaires et sensorielles sur la période naissance-sevrage
Authors: COUREAUD G. , FORTUN-LAMOTHE L. , RÖDEL H.G. , MONCLÚS R. , SCHAAL B.
Published: April 2020

Aveugles et sourds à la naissance, les lapins nouveau-nés doivent, comme tous les mammifères nouveau-nés, interagir rapidement avec la mère afin de trouver rapidement une tétine et téter. Cela se produit généralement une seule fois par jour, au cours d’une très brève interaction, en conditions d’élevage comme en milieu naturel. Après les 10-15 j qui suivent la naissance, la relation mère-jeunes évolue progressivement, et conduit habituellement au sevrage entre 4 et 6 semaines. Dans ce contexte de développement rapide des jeunes, les femelles allaitantes et les lapereaux ont développé des adaptations sensorielles, physiologiques et comportementales leur permettant de communiquer, et permettant aux jeunes d’ingérer efficacement le lait puis les aliments solides. Ici, nous présentons quelques-unes de ces adaptations, en prenant des exemples d’études expérimentales conduites par différents groupes au cours des dernières décennies. Cet article est une synthèse du chapitre écrit par les auteurs pour le Congrès Mondial de Cuniculture (Coureaud et al 2008b).
Pathologies infectieuses du lapin en élevage rationnel
Authors: LICOIS D. , MARLIER D.
Published: April 2020

La pathologie représente un poids économique important en élevage rationnel du lapin de chair. En effet, un quart des lapereaux meurent entre la naissance et la vente. Chez les reproductrices, sur trois femelles entrant dans une bande, une meurt avant la 3ème mise bas, une autre est réformée pour cause de performances insuffisantes (infertilité) ou problème sanitaire, une seule assure une production. Deux syndromes principaux sont classiquement identifiés chez le lapin : le syndrome respiratoire qui domine chez les adultes et le syndrome digestif, plus fréquent chez les lapins en croissance. Dans cette synthèse nous ferons le point sur les principales maladies infectieuses pouvant être rencontrées dans les élevages rationnels et sur les recherches développées au cours de ces dernières années concernant les agents étiologiques impliqués.
THE RIGHT TO DATA PROTECTION VERSUS “SECURITY”
Authors: Viana da Silva Marcos Vinicius , Da Luz Scherf Erick , Da Silva Jose Everton
Published: April 2020

The protection of personal data in the cyberspace has been an issue of concern for quite some time. However, with the revolutions in information technology, big data and the internet of things, data privacy protection has become paramount in an era of free information flows. Considering this context, this research intends to shine a light on the experience of Brazil regarding data privacy protection, through the analysis of a brand new bill passed by Congress: the Brazilian General Personal Data Protection Act. Our assessment of the legislation was made from the perspective of a human rights-based approach to data, aiming to analyze both advancements, limitations and contradictions of the rights-discourse in the LGPD. Our main conclusions were that the (public and national) security rhetoric, also present in the bill, can create a state of exception regarding the processing of personal data of those considered “enemies of the state”, which may result in violations of fundamental rights and procedural guarantees.
TMPRSS2 Transcriptional Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19
Authors: Wang Xinchen , Dhindsa Ryan , Povysil Gundula , Zoghbi Anthony , Motelow Joshua , Hostyk Joseph , Nickols Nicholas , Rettig Matthew , Goldstein David B.
Published: April 2020

There is an urgent need to identify effective therapies for COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 host factor protease TMPRSS2 is required for viral entry and thus an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In mouse, knockout of tmprss2 led to protection against SARS-CoV-1 with no deleterious phenotypes, and in human populations genetic loss of TMPRSS2 does not appear to be selected against. Here, we mined publicly available gene expression data to identify several compounds that down-regulate TMPRSS2. Recognizing the need for immediately available treatment options, we focused on FDA-approved drugs. We found 20 independent studies that implicate estrogenic and androgenic compounds as transcriptional modulators of TMPRSS2, suggesting these classes of drugs may be promising therapeutic candidates for clinical testing and observational studies of COVID-19. We also note that expression of TMPRSS2 is highly variable and skewed in humans, with a minority of individuals having extremely high expression. Combined with literature showing that inhibition of TMPRSS2 protease activity reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in human cells, our results raise the hypothesis that modulation of TMPRSS2 expression is a promising therapeutic avenue for COVID-19.
Recent Advances in Geomathematics: Croatian Examples from Subsurface Geological Mapping and Biostatistics
Authors: Malvić Tomislav , Bošnjak Marija , Velić Josipa , Sremac Jasenka , Ivšinović Josip , Pimenta Dinis Maria Alzira , Barudžija Uroš
Published: April 2020

Geomathematics is extremely important in geosciences, particularly in the geology. The key for any geomathematical analysis is the definition of a typical model to be applied for further prognosis, either through deterministical or stochastical approaches. The selection of the appropriate procedure is presented in this paper. Two different geomathematical subfield datasets were used in subsurface geological mapping and palaeontology and different biostatistics applications, representing important geomathematical subfields in the Croatian geology. The different subsurface interpolation methods, tested, validated and recommended for application, were used to obtain the best possible outcome in reservoir modelling, in the cases with small datasets. Cross-validation may be selected as the main selection criteria, applied to the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System (abbr. CPBS). Recent advances in biostatistics applied in palaeontology and case studies from Croatia are also presented, where biometric studies are of significant importance in fossil biota. Data, methods and problems in geosciences is a vast subject, and address a wide spectrum of fundamental science. Because geology includes subsurface and surface geology, and very different datasets regarding variable and number of data, here are chosen two representative case study groups with original samples from Northern Croatia. Subsurface mapping has been presented on limited petrophysical datasets from the Northern Croatian, Miocene, hydrocarbon reservoirs. Biostatistics has been presented on very different samples, allowing to achieve paleoenvironmental reconstructions of size of relevant fossils, as dinosaurs or other species and their paleoenvironments. All examples highlight examples of the valuable application of geomathematical tools in geology. The results, cautiously validated and correlated with other, non-numerical (indicator, categorical) geological knowledge, are of enormous assistance in creating better geological models.
IntruDTree: A Machine Learning-Based Cyber Security Intrusion Detection Model
Authors: Sarker Iqbal H. , Abushark Yoosef B. , Alsolami Fawaz , Khan Asif Irshad
Published: April 2020

Cyber security has recently received enormous attention in today’s security concerns, due to the popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the tremendous growth of computer networks, and the huge number of relevant applications. Thus, detecting various cyber-attacks or anomalies in a network and building an effective intrusion detection system that performs an essential role in today’s security is becoming more important. Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning techniques, can be used for building such a data-driven intelligent intrusion detection system. In order to achieve this goal, in this paper, we present an Intrusion Detection Tree (“IntruDTree”) machine-learning-based security model that first takes into account the ranking of security features according to their importance and then build a tree-based generalized intrusion detection model based on the selected important features. This model is not only effective in terms of prediction accuracy for unseen test cases but also minimizes the computational complexity of the model by reducing the feature dimensions. Finally, the effectiveness of our IntruDTree model was examined by conducting experiments on cybersecurity datasets and computing the precision, recall, fscore, accuracy, and ROC values to evaluate. We also compare the outcome results of IntruDTree model with several traditional popular machine learning methods such as the naive Bayes classifier, logistic regression, support vector machines, and k-nearest neighbor, to analyze the effectiveness of the resulting security model.
Taking the Inner Route: Spatial and Demographic Factors Affecting Vulnerability to COVID-19 Among 604 Cities from Inner São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Fortaleza Carlos Magno Castelo Branco , Guimarães Raul Borges , de Almeida Gabriel Berg , Pronunciate Micheli , Ferreira Cláudia Pio
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 in metropolitan areas has been extensively studied. The geographic spread to smaller cities is of great concern and may follow hierarchical influence of urban centers. With that in mind, we investigated factors that affect vulnerability of inner municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil, an area with 24 million inhabitants. Methods: Surveillance data for confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for severe acute respiratory disease (SARD) up to April 18th were recorded for each of 604 municipalities that lay outside São Paulo metropolitan area. Vulnerability was assessed in Multivariable models, including sociodemographic indexes, road distance to the State Capital and the municipalities classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Municipalities of great regional relevance were used as reference category for that classification. The outcome of interest for Cox regression was having COVID-cases, with time counting from the first report in São Paulo State. For binomial negative regression models, the outcomes of interest were rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for SARD.Results: A total of 198 (32.8%) municipalities had autochthonous COVID-19 cases. In Cox models, affected municipalities were likely to have greater population density (Hazard Ratio[HR] for each 100 inhabitants per square kilometer, 1.07; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], (1.05-1.10)), proportion of inhabitants in urban area (HR, 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04), higher human development index (HDI, HR for 1%, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.00-1.13) and Gini Index for Inequality of income (HR for 1%, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). On the other hand, distance from the Capital was protective (HR for each 100Km, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.74-0.90). The HR95%[95%CI] also varied negatively according to the categories of influence of major centers (0.41 [0.22-0.77], 0.16 [0.09-0.32], 0.07 [0.03-0.15]). The binomial negative regression models for COVID-19 incidence also detected positive association with population density (Incidence Rate Ratio[IRR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.07-1.18) and proportion of urban population (IRR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01-1.05), protection for cities distant to the Capital (IRR=0.73; 95%CI, 0.68-0.81) and increasing negative association for categories of influence (0.19 [0.09-0.42], 0.07 [0.03-0.15] and 0.03 [0.02-0.08]). Similar findings were detected when we used SARD incidence as outcome.Conclusion: Municipalities with greater population, density and regional influence were more likely to be affected earlier and more intensely by COVID-19. Non-pharmacological measures should be strengthened in those areas of greater risk.
THE CATALAN LEGAL TRADITION (THE VALUE OF INTERPRETATION AND THE WEIGHT OF HISTORY)
Authors: Pérez Collados José María
Published: April 2020

On 30th December 2002 the Catalan Parliament promulgated the first law of the Civil Code of Catalonia. Its main objective, as stated in the preamble, is to ‘establish the structure, the basic content and the procedural processes of the Civil Code of Catalonia’. This law also introduced the first of the six books that were to set out the Catalan Civil Code.
PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY OF THE DELEGATION OF POWERS IN CAPITAL COMPANIES (An approach to the questions raised in Spanish Law)
Authors: Ortiz del Valle María Carmen
Published: April 2020

Commercial Law, in particular Company Law, is subject to continual changes due to the constant need to adapt to reality. Proof of this is the reform of the Capital Companies Law under Law 31/2014 of 3 December, which amends the Capital Companies Law in order to improve corporate governance.The aim of this reform is to improve the corporate governance of corporations. One of the measures taken to do this is to strengthen the role of the board of directors as supervisor of the actions performed by executive directors. Some of the changes included to meet this objective are the board’s obligation to meet quarterly, an increase in the number of non-delegable powers, and the need for the CEO’s or an executive director’s relation within the company to be reflected in a contract approved by the board of directors. In this article, we aim to analyse the above points.
THE BOARD OF THE NEW CODE OF THE INDIES (1776-1820): OBSERVATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS FOR A REVISED INTERPRETATION
Authors: Vallejo García-Hevia José María
Published: April 2020

The study of the formation and the analysis of the content of the well-known New Code of Laws of the Indies, approved, sanctioned and promulgated by Carlos IV of Spain in 1792, but not wholly and  generally published, permits new conclusions and arenewed historiographical interpretation about its origin, development and the reasons behind the secrecy of it being in force, with the exception of twelve of its laws, ordered to be applied by the by governmental and judicial authorities of the Indiesbetween 1789 and 1804.
COVID-19 y su impacto en la odontología peruana
Authors: Quispe-Salcedo Angela
Published: April 2020

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Aplicación del índice canino mandibular para la determinación del sexo en pacientes de Lima – Perú usando tomografía computarizada de haz cónico
Authors: Llaguno Rubio Jhoana Mercedes , Fiori Chíncaro Gustavo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el índice canino mandibular y el sexo, mediante la evaluación de volúmenes de pacientes que acudieron al CDI en el periodo 2014-2017. Metodología: Se evaluaron 500 volúmenes por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) de 184 hombres y 316 mujeres, con edades entre 12 y 50 años, por medio del software RealScan 2.0. Para hallar los datos, se usó la herramienta de medida y se procedió a determinar el diámetro mesiodistal del canino inferior derecho e izquierdo, así como la distancia intercanina inferior en cada volumen. Luego, se determinó el dimorfismo sexual de caninos, y se halló que el izquierdo presentaba el mayor valor (5,667%). Con este dato, se obtuvo el índice canino mandibular (ICM) por cada volumen. Seguidamente, se determinó el índice canino mandibular estándar (ICMs) — punto de corte— y se obtuvo un valor de 0,264 y, a partir de él, se realizó la comparación entre el valor real del sexo de cada volumen con el obtenido a partir del punto de corte. Resultados: La eficacia del índice canino mandibular en hombres fue del 55.43% y en mujeres, del 54,75% (kappa = 0,095). Conclusión: El índice canino mandibular no debe ser considerado como un método determinante para la estimación del sexo.
Los restos de Malassez, vida y destino en los tejidos odontogénicos. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Medina Ocampo Paola Elena , Fiori Chíncaro Gustavo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Los restos epiteliales de Malassez son células que se encuentran alrededor de las raíces de las piezas dentarias y forman parte de los tejidos del ligamento periodontal, donde se disponen en forma de red. Las funciones que desempeñan no son muy específicas; sin embargo, se demostró su participación en el mantenimiento del espacio del ligamento periodontal, la regeneración del tejido periodontal, la regeneración del cemento, entre otros. Además, tienen capacidad de diferenciarse en otros linajes celulares, lo que demuestra su capacidad como células madres, y el papel más conocido que tienen es su participacipación y proliferación en la formación de diversas patologías, como quistes y tumores odontogénicos.
Eficacia del concreto y la baritina como atenuadores de rayos X. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Huañec Huillca Fiorella Francesca , Fiori Chíncaro Gustavo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo busca realizar una revisión de la literatura para dar a conocer al personal ocupacionalmente expuesto a radiaciones ionizantes las ventajas y propiedades del concreto simple y la baritina para justificar su aplicación como materiales de blindaje en el diseño y construcción de muros en áreas donde se utilizan rayos X de uso odontológico, ya que estos, al no ser utilizados de manera segura, pueden tener efectos perjudiciales en la salud de las personas. En este trabajo también se describen las características generales de los rayos X que los hacen nocivos para la salud del personal ocupacionalmente expuesto, así como del público en general, por lo que surge en este punto el término de atenuación. Se encontró poca información sobre el tema, por lo que se desarrolló la relación existente entre ambos materiales y su importancia para dar información que pueda ser útil a todas las personas. Se concluyó que ambos materiales tienen la capacidad de bloquear y reducir la intensidad de la radiación, ya que el concreto actúa como un absorbente para reducir los efectos biológicos de la radiación y la baritina funciona como blindaje basado en el coeficiente de atenuación, por lo que ambos ofrecen una mayor resistencia y, al ser aplicados en conjunto, brindan una mayor protección para aquellas personas que puedan estar expuestas a rayos ionizantes.
Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Anxiety in Methadone Consumers
Authors: Naeim Mahdi , Moghadam Sahar Aligholizadeh , Rezaei Farzin , Rezaeisharif Ali
Published: April 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to a need to make corrections.
Academic-Service Partnership programs in nursing: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Achieving Mutual Benefits Scale (AMBS)
Authors: Sadeghnezhad Maliheh , Nabavi Fatemeh Heshmati , Najafi Fereshteh , Kareshki Hossein , Esmaily Habibollah
Published: April 2020

Background: The first step for the establishment of academic-service partnership programs is identification of mutual benefits. The rate of achievement of these benefits reflects the success rate of the partnership program. This study aimed to develop an achieving mutual benefits scale in nursing academic-service partnership programs. Method: The AMBS was developed based on an analysis of the concept of mutual benefits in nursing academic-service partnership programs by the hybrid model approach. Findings of the concept analysis study was used to produce items pool. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated using face, content and construct validities, and internal consistency, and stability for reliability. Results: The AMBS consists of 44 items. Exploratory factors analysis supported six factor with an explained variance of 59.06%. The Cronbach’s α, and Omega coefficient of the scale respectively ranged from 0.77 to 0.93, and 0.75 to 0.9. The content validity index of 0.97, and internal consistency of 0.76 were obtained for the final scale. Conclusions: The AMBS is a valid and reliable scale for the measurement of the mutual benefits achievement rate in nursing academic-service partnership programs in six dimensions of research synergy, managers' synergy in the student education, development of nursing services, reducing the theory-practice gap, and access to the supportive learning environment. It is necessary to consider all dimensions in organizing these programs and assessing the success rate of them.
Uptake of Misoprostol among women seeking abortion in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Darteh Eugene Kofuor Maafo
Published: April 2020

Background: Unsafe abortions remain one of the key contributors to maternal mortality. The WHO has recommended misoprostol as a safe abortifacient which has become a popular over the counter self-administered abortifacient in Ghana. This study sought to examine the prevalence of misoprostol uptake and model the factors associated with its uptake among 698 women seeking abortion services in the Accra Metropolis. Methods : Univariate and multivariate analysis were done. The multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression to model the factors associated with misoprostol uptake and results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results : The results showed that the prevalence of misoprostol uptake was 20.8%. The regression analysis showed that women aged 25-34 had 0.60 lower odds of using misoprostol compared with those aged 15-24 years [OR=0.60, CI=0.38-0.94]. Those who can save some money had higher odds [OR=2.31, CI=1.03-5.16] of using misoprostol compared with those who often do not have sufficient food. Those who were cohabiting/separated had higher odds [OR=1.83, CI=1.09-3.06] of using misoprostol compared to those who were never married. Those who had 1 [OR=0.26, CI=0.14-0.46] and 2 or more [OR=0.23, CI=0.07-0.76] had lower odds of using misoprostol compared to those who have never had a miscarriage. Conclusion : The prevalence of misoprostol uptake among women seeking abortion services in Accra Metropolis is relatively high. Age, socio-economic status, marital status and previous history of miscarriage are associated with misoprostol uptake. Although proven effective by various studies and recommended by the WHO, it is imperative to consider these factors in the education of women on the use of misoprostol as well as designing programmes to target women who are inclined to induce abortion in Ghana.
Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Key Genes in Progression of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Lihuan , Lin Zhaoxian , Chen Wenshu , Guo Tianxing , Ye Mingfan , Pan Xiaojie
Published: April 2020

Background

Pulmonary LCNEC (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) is a kind of high-grade lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET). There’s an increase in the pathologically diagnosis of LCNECs during recent years. However, the underlying mechanisms of the progression of LCNEC still remains unclear.
Methods

In this article, we utilized three GEO datasets to elucidate the significant candidate genes and pathways in LCNEC: GSE1037, GSE11969, and GSE44447,including 17 LCNEC samples and 31 normal lung tissues, were analyzed using several bioinformatics methods to explore the key genes involved in the development of LCNEC. We identified ten hub genes which might be important in the pathogenesis of LCNEC. Then we performed western blot on specimens from four patients diagnosed with LCNEC in our hospital to validate these genes.
Results

Results showed that three genes (CCT4, CDC20, KNTC1) expressed highly in LCNEC.
Conclusion

The results of our study might provide new insights for the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of LCNEC.
Experimental study on Leachate movement control and treatment using High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) Sheets
Authors: TPA Aravind , K Pranesh K , B Parameshwaran
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, in India, the incidents such as fire, groundwater contamination and emission of methane due to the open dumping of municipal solid wastes have become very common. To overcome these issues and also to reduce the foul smell emanating from the yards due to rain drenching the piles of accumulated wastes, sanitary landfills with proper leachate movement control facilities and recycling of leachates should be adapted. When landfill squanders (Municipal solid waste) debases and downpour washes through the solid wastes, the leachate is formed. The Leachate is a dark fluid containing organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals and pathogens. Leachate may permeate through the landfill liners and subsoil, causing contamination of surface water and sub - surface waters, which results to several health hazards. The synthesis of waste changes drastically over the life of the landfill because of the presence of organic and inorganic substances. This paper focuses towards the control of leachate movement in a sanitary landfill and partial treatment of leachate using HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) sheets, such that the partially treated leachate meets the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water. In this paper, the characteristics of leachate were studied by filtering it through 1, 2 and 3 layers of HDPE sheets respectively. When analyzed, the characteristics of leachate such as pH, Turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS shows that the leachate collected from 3 layered HDPE filtration system has better quality than the other two systems and it could be used for irrigation purposes as a tool to ensure sustainability by contributing towards the reduction of water scarcity issue.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single-center Retrospective Study Based on Real-world Data
Authors: Li Yu-xuan , He Chang-zheng , Liu Yi-chen , Zhao Peng-yue , Xu Xiao-lei , Wang Yu-feng , Xia Shao-you , Du Xiao-hui
Published: April 2020

Background ： A respiratory epidemic defined as coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is becoming unstoppable and has been declared a pandemic. Patients with cancer are more likely to develop COVID-19. Based on our experience during the pandemic period, we propose some surgery strategies for gastric cancer patients under the COVID-19 situation.
Methods ： We defined the ‘COVID-19’ period as occurring between 2020-01-20 and 2020-03-20. All the enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (PCG) and COVID-19 group (CG). A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study.
Results ： The waiting times before admission increased by 4 days in CG(PCG:4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG:8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; P = 0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scan besides abdominal CT before admission during COVID-19 period(PCG:22[32%]vs. CG:30[73%], p=0.001). After admission, during COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer(3[IQR: 2,5] vs. 7[IQR: 5,9]; P < 0.001),more laparoscopic surgery were performed(PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%],p=0.021), and hospital stay after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11] ; P < 0.001). The total cost of hospitalization increased during COVID period, (9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p=0.006).
Conclusion ： Since no data is available yet on the impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer patients,our own experience with COVID-19 in gastric cancer surgery has hopefully provided an opportunity for colleagues to reflect on their own service and any contingency plans they have to tackle the crisis.
Keywords: gastric cancer; coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; retrospective analysis; real-world data.
Reduction in the Frequency of Scope Contamination During Laparoscopic Surgery Correlates with Scope Operator Experience
Authors: Ito Ryota , Minamimura Keisuke , Tanaka Yusuke , Kono Yoshiharu , Mori Kazuhiko , Hirata Toru , Kobayashi Takashi , Kawasaki Seiji
Published: April 2020

Background As laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery becomes more common in mid-sized municipal hospitals in Japan, young trainees have increasing opportunities to attend laparoscopic colorectomy procedures as a scope operator. However, the performance of the inexperienced scope operator may affect the operative outcome. This study aims to provide a quantitative measure of the scope operator’s performance, by analyzing scope contamination events, and to determine the influence of this measure on surgical outcomes.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the operative videos of 70 sigmoid colectomy or high anterior resection cases performed between February 2014 and July 2019 in our hospital. Twenty-four young surgeons alternated assisting with the procedure as the scope operator. To quantify the scope operators’ performance, the frequency of laparoscopic lens contamination events (FLC) during surgery was determined. The FLC and operative outcomes were compared among the first, second, and subsequent procedures performed by each scope operator. We identified the cause of lens contamination and surgical situation in which contamination occurred. We examined the relationship between the FLC and experience level of the scope operator for specific types of contamination and surgical situations.Results A total of 733 lens contaminations were observed. The median FLC was 10 (minimum: 1, maximum: 34) during each operation. The FLC and number of procedures performed by the scope operator had a negative linear correlation. Multivariate analysis showed that the experience level of the scope operator was the only independent predictor of operation time. There was also a negative linear correlation between the number of procedures performed by the scope operator and scope contamination during colorectal mobilization.Conclusions Scope operator experience decreases scope contamination and could facilitate the laparoscopic surgical workflow. The influence of the scope operator’s performance should be emphasized.
Significance of CTNNB1 Mutation in Cellular Process, Prognosis, and Drug Selection in gastric cancer
Authors: Cheng tianqiong , chen xuenong
Published: April 2020

Background: Numerous studies have reported that CTNNB1 mutant is a frequently mutated gene found in gastric cancer (GC), making this a valuable biomarker for GC. However, the underling mechanism of CTNNB1 regulating GC remains unknown.Aim of the study: To identify the significance of the CTNNB1 mutation in the prognosis and drug selection of GC, evaluate important genes and pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of GC.Materials and methods: Data sets were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-STAD. CTNNB1 mutation and drug sensitivity analysis based on GDSC database. CTNNB1 wild group and mutant group analyzed by GSEA enrichment. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by LIMMA package for further GO and KEGG analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed by STRING and visualized by Cytoscape software. Results: The CTNNB1 mutation is found in 8% of GC patients. Patients with CTNNB1 mutations had better prognosis on overall survival and disease-free survival. GC cells with CTNNB1 mutation are sensitive to Nutlin-3a. In total 727 genes were identified as DEGs. GO and KEGG analysis suggested that DEGs were significantly enriched in categories associated with cell differentiation and immune response, digestion related pathways and multiple signal transduction related pathways. Top three significant modules of genes in the PPI network were identified and analyzed.Conclusions: Our results indicated that multiple genes and pathways may play a key role in GC patients with CTNNB1 mutation, implicated these factors as possible targets for future therapeutic strategies in patients with GC.
Associations of a SHROOM3 variant with mild renal impairment and depressive symptoms in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Sun Xue-Hui , Jiang Xiao-Yan , Chen Ze-Kun , Chen Jie , Bao Zhi-Jun , Wang Xiao-Feng
Published: April 2020

Background: To explore the associations of several genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry with mild renal impairment glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese Han population.Methods: Data of 1788 community-dwelling elders from the baseline survey of the ageing arm of the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study was used. Plasma creatinine based GFR was estimated using the eGFR-EPI equations.Results: Of the 10 common polymorphisms identified in GWAS of the European ancestry, rs17319721 located in the first intron of the SHROOM3, was associated with GFR. A allele was associated with both decreased GFR level and greater odds of mild renal impairment (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, p=0.029) defined by GFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m2 after adjusting for multiple confounds of chronic kidney disease. In addition, compared with rs17319721-GG genotype, AA was associated with both higher depressive score and greater risk of depression prevalence, showing a pleiotropic effects of rs17319721. However, we did not found significant association of GFR levels with another 42 common polymorphisms that was previously reported to be associated with the traditional risk factors of kidney diseases.Conclusions: SHROOM3-rs17319721 is associated with GFR levels, kidney impairment, and depressive symptoms in a Chinese population.
An outcome evaluation of an environmental nutrition intervention conducted in an institute of higher learning in Singapore: A cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Seah Sharna Si Ying , Dam Rob Martinus van , Tai Bee Choo , Tay Zoey , Wang May C , Rebello Salome Antonette
Published: April 2020

Objective: Evidence for effective interventions to improve the quality of out-of-home foods is limited. The Healthier Dining Programme (HDP) is a voluntary government programme designed to increase the availability and accessibility of healthier foods and beverages at eateries in Singapore, a multi-ethnic and highly urbanized, developed nation. The objective of our study was to evaluate effects of the HDP on the out-of-home dietary intakes of consumers at an institute of higher learning.Design/Setting: We used a cluster-randomized trial design. Six food centers (two food courts and four canteens) at a large university campus were randomly assigned to the intervention or control arm. Participants were university students or staff aged ≥18 years (n=408) who frequently dined at these six food centers. Relevant data were gathered by interview and a 7-day food diary before and after 10 weeks of the intervention. Generalized estimating equations for logistic and linear regression were used to assess the difference in intake of out-of-home healthier dishes between the two study arms.Results: Participants in the intervention arm were more likely to have at least one healthier out-of-home dish per week as compared to those in the control arm (84% vs. 65%, unadjusted OR: 2.79 95% CI: 1.59, 4.88). This was due mainly to the higher consumption of dishes prepared with healthier oil blends (unadjusted OR: 3.24 95% CI: 1.95, 5.38) and lower-sodium salt (unadjusted OR: 4.36 95% CI: 1.64, 11.58) in the intervention arm. Whilst saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake in the two arms were comparable, participants in the intervention arm had lower total fat (-1.27 g/1000 kcal, 95% CI: -2.48, -0.06) and monounsaturated fat intakes (-0.50 g/1000 kcal, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.06), from out-of-home dishes as compared with the control arm.Conclusions: These findings suggest that environmental interventions at institutes of higher learning to increase healthier food availability and accessibility can improve dietary intake from out-of-home foods.
The Role of Microbiota and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Small Intestinal Enzyme Activity
Authors: García-Rodríguez Alba , Moreno-Olivas Fabiola , Marcos Ricard , Tako Elad , Marques Cláudia N. H. , Mahler Gretchen J.
Published: April 2020

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Prokinetic meranzin hydrate from Chaihu-Shugan-San improves depression-like behaviors and hypomotility in rats via ghrelin and neurocircuitry
Authors: Zhang Tian , Li JunFeng , Chen Ken , Liu XiangFei , Lin MuHai , Han LinRan , Liu Jin , Zheng Wan , Chen Yi , Zhou JiaLing , Shen Xu , Ren Ping , Huang Xi
Published: April 2020

Background

Depression and functional dyspepsia (FD) are characterized by comorbidity, overlapping depression, and nausea. The pathogenesis of depression and FD is mediated by α2-adrenoreceptor and/or ghrelin. Antidepressant (A) or prokinetic (P) agents are numerous, but few have been investigated in this context. Ancient Gan-zhu-shu-xie (GZSX), whose representative traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), may exert antidepressant effects with prokinetic meranzin hydr-ate (MH) via α2-adrenoreceptors in the acute forced swimming (FS) test in rats.Therefore, the main aim of the study is to investigate the acute antidepressant and prokinet-ic effects of CSS and MH after acutely FS on rats, and its possible mechanism.
Methods

FS rats were treated with CSS, MH, fluoxetine, ghrelin antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, and take a series of behavior tests and gastrointestina motility tests, and via 7.0 T fMRI-BOLD signal, compared with well-known mechanism of positive control.
Results

MH has similar effects to CSS-stimulated deactivation when comparedto those of fluoxetine (4.02-fold for hippocampus and 1.45-fold for thalamus). The ghrelin antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 synchronously inhibited A&P and BOLD HTB foci. Prokinetic mosapride had effects on the thalamus and basal ganglia but not the hippocampus. Within the HTB, the hippocampus is implicated in depression and FD.
Conclusion

These data show that on acute FS-stimulated DB&H, MH-induced rapid A&P, and ghrelin-related regulation coupled to BOLD signals in brain areas before, providing insight into a unified theory of depression pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy.
Modeling and Forecasting Gold Prices
Authors: Farhat Sara , Ghalayini Latifa
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons of gold price volatility. It analyses the information function of the gold future market by open interest contracts as speculation effect, and further fundamental factors including inflation, Chinese Yuan per dollar, Japanese Yen per dollar, dollar per euro, interest rate, oil price, and stock price, in the short-run. The study proceeds to build a Dynamic OLS model for long-run equilibrium to produce reliable gold price forecasts using the following variables: gold demand, gold supply, inflation, USD/SDR exchange rate, speculation, interest rate, oil price, and stock prices. Findings prove that in the short-run, changes in gold price does granger cause changes in open interest, and changes in Japanese Yen per dollar does granger cause changes in gold price. However, in the long-run, the results prove that gold demand, gold supply, USD/SDR exchange rate, inflation, speculation, interest rate, and oil price are associated in a long-run relationship.