bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Dairy Calf Mortality
Authors: McGuirk Sheila M.
Published: February 2023

The loss of dairy calves from stillbirths and disease-related deaths places a significant challenge on the producer who wants farm-specific replacement heifers to maintain or expand herd size. Stillbirths are often overlooked as an important cause of calf mortality, as they are on some dairies. With improved record keeping, data analysis, diagnostic testing and herd monitoring, the appropriate risk factors for stillbirth can be broken down and targeted for improvement. The classification of stillbirths will need to be broadened, however, and the role of maternal stress, metabolic disorders, fetal growth factors and environmental exposure may need attention to solve this growing cause of calf mortality. Solving disease related death problems in dairy calves requires a broad approach that looks not only for the disease agents but for the sources of infection, opportunities to improve immunity and changes that can reduce the susceptibility of calves. Once affected, the difference between disease morbidity and calf mortality is early detection and appropriate intervention with effective treatment protocols. Colostrum management, health screening, diagnostic testing, overview of bedding management, feeding consistency, simplicity, as well as the implementation of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies bring the veterinarian to the forefront of reducing calf morbidity and mortality.
Farm-level Disease and Production Problem Investigations
Authors: Zadoks Ruth N.
Published: February 2023

Molecular tools are diagnostic and epidemiological tools that use DNA or RNA to characterize microbial pathogens at species or strain level, and to trace their sources and transmission patterns. Molecular tools are used to investigate problems in milk and cheese production and to elucidate the origin and epidemiology of disease outbreaks affecting single or multiple farms. Animal health products can be sources of pathogens that cause disease in dairy cattle, and dairy cattle can be a source of pathogens that cause disease in humans. In this paper, examples of a variety of molecular tools and their application in analysis of disease and production problems are presented. Bacterial and viral diseases are covered, including mastitis, respiratory disease, foot-and-mouth disease, and foodborne and zoonotic diseases.
Implementing Your Veterinarian's Synchronization and AI Protocols
Authors: Stevenson Debbie
Published: February 2023

As the saying goes, "change is good ... you go first." We all fall into the trap of doing things the way they've always been done. After all, doesn't the bull do a pretty good job? Almost any bull can breed a cow, but not every bull will improve the herd. By adding artificial insemination (AI) to your management tool belt you will have access to genetics that would otherwise be cost prohibitive. Artificial insemination has been around for over 65 years, but for many of those years it was labor intensive. Heat checking twice a day is very time consuming; however, great strides have been made in the area of estrus synchronization. Synchronization is the key to having a successful AI program - both for your clinic and the producer. With the improvement in synchronization protocols it is a tool your clinic can offer not only to seed stock and club calf producers, but commercial producers as well. With heightened awareness and education of the estrous cycle, access to an AI technician and clarity of protocol administration, this is sure to be a service your clients will appreciate.
Understanding Bovine Behavior for Safe Handling
Authors: Wagner Sarah
Published: February 2023

Understanding behavioral principles in cattle makes working with them safer and more enjoyable. Reading a cow's body language helps indicate how much stress the cow is feeling, and can give clues as to her general health. One should be very careful around cows in a high level of stress as they may become aggressive. Cattle tend to be more agitated around strangers or people with whom they associate being stressed. Using the basic principles of flight zone and point of balance will facilitate moving groups of cattle quickly and calmly. Cows with new calves may become aggressive when protecting their calves. If a cow shows signs of agitation such as vocalization, pacing, pawing, or head-shaking, entering her flight zone may cause her to attack. Agitated or defensive cows can be dangerous and should be avoided. Sick dairy cows may develop ketosis, which can affect their temperament, making a previously docile animal behave in an agitated or even aggressive way. Bulls must always be handled carefully, particularly dairy breed bulls. A bull that shows a broadside threat to humans should be culled at once. Even if a bull calf is reared properly with other cattle, an adult bull is usually safer if he spends most of his adult life penned with other animals.
Quick and Easy Diagnostic Techniques
Authors: Navarre Christine B.
Published: February 2023

Easily performed diagnostic techniques in cattle are presented. Methods to differentiate diseases and conditions of the musculoskeletal, neurologic and gastrointestinal systems are included.
Association Between Body Condition Score Change During the Dry Period and the Incidence of Calving-Related Disorders, and Milk Production in Holstein Cows
Authors: Melendez P. , De la Paz J. , Donovan G. A.
Published: February 2023

Body condition score (BCS) is a practical tool used to monitor energy nutrition of dairy cattle. Body condition score at calving has been associated with lactational performance; however, little information is available about cows calving with low, optimum or high BCS that either maintain, gain or lose BCS during the dry period. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association of BCS of cows that calved with low, optimum or high BCS that either gained or lost BCS during the dry period and the incidence of periparturient disorders, and milk production in Holstein cattle.
Internal Expansion
Authors: Villarroel A. , Lane V. M.
Published: February 2023

Internal expansion rate of dairy farms is controlled by the culling rate of the farm and the number of replacement heifers that can be raised to the point of calving. Commonly, farmers assume that 50% of their cows will produce heifer calves and count on having all these heifers join the milking herd two years later. However, this assumption is flawed and fails to account for other factors such as stillbirths, death during the calfhood period and infertility.
Efficacy of an Intranasal Delivery of an Avian-Derived Antibody Preparation Against Respiratory Pathogens in Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality of Newly Received Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Nash D. , MacGregor S. , Wray M. , Edwards T. , DiCostanzo A.
Published: February 2023

NPCoat® is effective at reducing respiratory disease incidence and resulting death loss when it is a component of an integral health program for receiving feedlot cattle.
Coronavirus Outbreak in a Beef Herd
Authors: Laflin S. L. , Thomson D. U. , Kessler S.
Published: February 2023

Investigation of an abnormally high incidence of respiratory and enteric disease was noted in a herd of spring born Angus calves of 1-3 months of age.
Scrotal Circumference in Angus Beef Bulls
Authors: Whittier W. D. , Kasimanickam R. , Greiner S. , Inman B.
Published: February 2023

An experiment where significant correlation among the production and reproductive traits was observed.
Genetic Resistance to Johne's Disease in Four Cattle Breeds
Authors: Pinedo P. J. , Buergelt C. D. , Wu R. , Donovan G. A. , Williams J. E. , Rae D. O.
Published: February 2023

Paratuberculosis is a chronic debilitating, infectious disease of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and characterized by progressive weight loss and profuse diarrhea. The disease has been suspected to have a genetic component and estimations of heritability of 0.15 have been reported. Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease in humans resembling many aspects of paratuberculosis. Susceptibility to CD has a strong genetic component and one gene involved has been identified as CARD15 (Caspase recruitment domain 15), with a role in the intracellular recognition of bacterial cell walls as a part of the immune response. The association between mutations in this gene and increased risk of CD has been extensively described. Since Johne's disease has been demonstrated to have a genetic component and genetic variation for infection resistance exists in cattle, CARD15 could also determine differences in resistance to paratuberculosis in the bovine. This candidate gene study focused on determining the alleles present in the CARD15 gene in a population of infected and of noninfected cows. Our objective was characterizing the distribution of two polymorphisms in this gene and testing their association with paratuberculosis infection in Florida cattle with the aim of finding resistance alleles useful in livestock selection.
Influence of Postpartum Propylene Glycol Supplementation on Metabolism, Animal Health, Reproductive Performance and Production in Dairy Cows
Authors: Iwersen M. , Falkenberg U. , Voigtsberger R. , Padberg W. , Mertin A. , Heuwieser W.
Published: February 2023

The effect of postpartum supplementation of 300 g propylene glycol (Propy) per cow per day via a total mixed ration (TMR) on metabolism, animal health, reproductive performance and milk production was studied on a commercial dairy farm (production average 10,584 kg/yr) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses (BVDV) in Beef Breeding Herds and Feedlots
Authors: Fulton Robert W. , Ridpath Julia F. , Johnson Bill J. , Hessman Bill E. , Whitley Evan M. , Cook Billy J.
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) represent significant pathogens in cattle affecting several organ systems, particularly involving the respiratory tract and fetal infections. The principal reservoir of BVDV is the persistently infected (Pl) animal. The PI cattle are born to susceptible heifers/cows exposed during pregnancy, carried to term, and are lifetime shedders of the virus. Current control programs focus on biosecurity using testing of new additions including calves born to negative dams, isolation of new animals until testing completed, and vaccination. Identification by testing and removal of PI cattle are critical to control programs. PI cattle may expose susceptible breeding females resulting in more PI calves; and/or cause primary infections in acute/transient infections and predispose the BVDV exposed animal to other pathogens. The purpose of this study was: (1) detect PI cattle in beef breeding herds and cattle entering feedlots; and (2) determine distribution of BVDV subtypes in PI cattle.
Surgical Removal of a Supernumerary Foot in a New-born Calf
Authors: Emami M. R. , Sardari K. , Talebkhan Garousi M.
Published: February 2023

Case of calf with second foot attached to the forelimb.
Evaluation of the Effects of a Monensin Overdose on Health, Feed Intake, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition in Early Lactation Holsteins
Authors: McClary David , Kube John , Green Howard , Thomas Elvin , Wilkinson John , Mechor Gerald
Published: February 2023

Monensin (M) (Rumensin®:Elanco) is approved for use in lactating and dry dairy cattle for improved milk production efficiency. The labeled dose for M in a total mixed ration (TMR) is 11-22 gm/f dry matter (DM) fed continuously. M is safe for cattle when fed according to label directions but mixing errors can occur and lead to an overdose (OD) and possibly debilitating or fatal consequences. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of a lOX OD on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (MY), observe the signs associated with a lOX OD, determine if cows acclimated to M responded differently to OD compared to M nai:ve cows, and determine if recovery was affected by inclusion of Min the post OD diet.
Relationship between Keto-Test Results and Health and Reproduction Variables
Authors: Caldwell V. , Martineau R.
Published: February 2023

Cows in negative energy balance (NEB) can develop subclinical ketosis (SCK) and elevated Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in milk. A milk strip cow-side test (Keto-Test; KTST) can be used to measure BHB and initiate vet-client discussions about transition cow management and energy issues during regular herd health visits. The purpose of this study was to relate KTST results to first-breeding conception rate and to the incidence of some metabolic diseases.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Double Action and Copper Sulphate Footbath Solutions for the Control of Digital Dermatitis in Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Goossens X. , Hemling T.
Published: February 2023

The use of CuSO 4 footbaths in hoof care routines is practiced all over the world and its efficacy is well known.
Administration of an SRP Salmonella Newport Vaccine Improves Milk Production and Somatic Cell Count in dairy Cows with no Clinical Signs of Salmonellosis
Authors: Hermesch D. R. , Thomson D. U. , Loneragan G. H. , Renter D. G. , White B. J.
Published: February 2023

Salmonella is a common cause of disease in animals and humans. Many Salmonella infections are asymptomatic and many dairy herds do not know that they have Salmonella present until clinical cases present. Lack of recognition of subclinical salmonellosis or asymptomatic Salmonella infection by practitioners and producers can lead to oversight in management decisions for the infected herd, allowing the propagation of the pathogen within the herd. A novel vaccine against siderophore receptors and porin proteins (SRP® technology) has been adapted for control of Salmonella Newport in cattle. Many dairy producers utilize this vaccine on a routine basis for control of salmonellosis. However, there are no peer-reviewed papers on the efficacy of SRP Salmonella Newport vaccine for controlling Salmonella, or what impact this vaccine has on the health and production of dairy cows.
Antibody Responses and Clinical Outcome Following Naturally Occurring Cases of Clinical Mastitis Compared Among 15 Vaccinates and Controls
Authors: Wilson D. J.
Published: February 2023

Mechanism(s) of J5 vaccine immunity, including the relative importance of J5-specific antibodies, have never been conclusively determined. This study evaluated the association of a two-dose J5 vaccination program with production of anti-J5 antibodies and measures of outcome for naturally occurring clinical mastitis (CM).
Relationships between the Concentration Of IGF-1 in Serum of Dairy Cows in the Puerperal Period and Back Fat Thickness and Metabolic Parameters
Authors: Haertel J. , Falkenberg U. , Jaeschke K. , Iwersen M. , Gremmels H. D. , Heuwieser W.
Published: February 2023

Major endocrine and metabolic changes occur around parturition and the onset of lactation in dairy cows. These changes influence milk production and reproductive performance in the next lactation. Results of this study describe inter-relationships between concentration of IGF-1 in serum in the postpartum period and milk yield, metabolic parameters (i.e. BHBA, NEFA, urea, bilirubin) and body condition as measured by back fat thickness (BFT).
Comparison of the Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Progesterone on Conception Rates in Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows
Authors: Farzaneh N. , Khoramian B. , Mohri M. , Garousi M. Talebkhan
Published: February 2023

A slower than normal rise in progesterone concentrations and a lower total progesterone concentrations have been measured in low-fertility cows and repeat breeder (RB) heifers in the first six days after estrus. Several methods have been used to attempt to increase conception rates (CR) through a greater plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations during the luteal phase, including those that increase endogenous function of the existing corpus luteum (CL), induce accessory CL, or act as a direct progesterone supplement. The aim of the present study was to determine whether supplementing with exogenous P4 or the administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) during early luteal phase could increase CR in RB cows.
Analysis of the Relationship between Wash Water Quality and Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Ontario Dairy Farms
Authors: Perkins N. , Kelton D. , Leslie K. , Hand K. , Berke O.
Published: February 2023

The Ontario dairy industry takes great pride in providing a high quality food product to the consuming public. Milk and milk products are an important part of the daily diet of most Ontario residents. Bacterial contamination of raw milk has a major negative impact on milk quality (Reed and Grivetti, 2000). Even though most milk is pasteurized prior to consumption, raw milk is consumed by some farming families and is used to manufacture some food products (Hegarty et al, 2002). One potential source of bacterial contamination of raw milk bacteria is the water used to clean the milking and storage equipment (Jayarao and Wang, 1999). The Canadian Quality Milk (CQM) program has established criteria for water quality on dairy farms. Initial testing has suggested that as many as half of Ontario dairy farms do not currently meet these water quality standards. Test results suggest that while some water may be contaminated at its origin, there is also significant contamination that occurs in the "plumbing", and is expressed as an elevation in bacteria counts at the point-of-use. The Dairy Farmers of Ontario (DFO) have begun a water quality-testing program, intended to decrease the risk of bacterial contamination of raw milk. The net benefit to the dairy industry will be to evaluate and document the improvement in raw milk quality attributable to compliance with the CQM program. The objective of the current study was to identify areas of high risk of wash water contamination and to investigate the relationship between bacteria-contaminated wash water and elevated Bactoscan bacteria counts in raw milk.
National Cattlemen's Beef Association
Authors: Reynolds Scott
Published: February 2023

The NCBA Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) program was started in the 1980s, and emphasizes such things as residue avoidance, proper injections, beef quality and animal well-being. Widespread educational programs have resulted in good producer and veterinary buy-in. The complete BQA program is both broad and complex, and all people working with cattle must know and understand it. In order to determine understanding and compliance with the program, the cattle industry has developed the Beef Quality Assurance Feedyard Assessment. This detailed document provides the framework for assessing BQA practices in a feedyard, and as a result the feedyard management can identify strengths, weaknesses and areas that need improvement to satisfy BQA standards. This document will be showcased and released to the industry at the January 2009 National Cattlemen's Beef Association Annual Conference and Trade Show in Phoenix, Arizona.
Designing Welfare-friendly Housing for Dairy Cows
Authors: Cook Nigel B.
Published: February 2023

This article attempts to use our available knowledge of how environmental factors impact the dairy cow to create biological thresholds for housing design, which enable her to have adequate time for eating, drinking, socializing and rest. Thresholds for herd and group size, stocking density, pen layout, stall design, ventilation and cooling are discussed to describe a facility for 1,400 dairy cows, housed in groups of 150 cows, milked three times a day through a double 20 parlor in a freestall barn with two-row pens, with stalls sized to accommodate the type of cow using them, with sand bedding, and adequate cooling and access to water and feed.
Parasite Resistance in US Cattle
Authors: Bliss Donald H. , Moore Robert D. , Kvasnicka William G.
Published: February 2023

Parasite resistance to the macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin) is receiving considerable attention in the US cattle industry at a time when the economics of parasitism constitute one of the most important factors involved in beef production. Knowing whether a dewormer is effective is extremely important to an operation. If parasites become resistant to a particular product or product formulation, a serious problem can develop unknowingly unless producers have an easy way to determine product efficacy. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is a simple test recommended by the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) as the best way for the practitioner to help producers verify that the dewormer(s) they are using is effective. The FECRT involves conducting a fecal check at the time of treatment and again 14 days following treatment. In the fall of 2007 continuing through the summer of 2008, free lab support was offered to bovine practitioners throughout the US to conduct FECRTs with their clients. This was done according to a standard protocol involving a minimum of 20 samples per treatment group at each collection time. The results are being recorded in a national data base supported by Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health and the University of Nevada-Reno. Over 58 veterinary clinics in 19 states have already participated in this program, with over 119 separate tests involving 4,765 samples using a wide range of products and formulations. These data confirm that macrocyclic lactone resistance is widespread and that continued vigilance is required by the veterinary profession, since the problem now appears to be at a critical stage with millions of dollars in production losses at stake.
Managing Feed Quality Issues to Maximize Health and Productivity
Authors: Corbett Robert B.
Published: February 2023

Veterinarians are becoming increasingly involved in nutritional management on their clients' dairies, and are more frequently being consulted about feed quality and feed delivery issues. Many fresh cow problems that veterinarians treat are nutritionally related and cannot be resolved without making changes in nutritional management  around the time of parturition. Maximizing feed quality, regardless of whether the feedstuff is harvested on-farm or is purchased, is extremely important in maximizing profitability and minimizing disease on the dairy farm. Maintaining feed quality during storage and feedout is equally important. Dairy feeds can be classified into five general categories: 1) fermented forages, 2) dry forages, 3) commodities, 4) additives and 5) vitamin-mineral packages. Even though feed quality management is generally focused on forages, other categories of feedstuffs should also be addressed. Veterinarians need to be well-informed on feed quality issues, regardless of whether or not they are doing actual ration formulation on the farm.
Succession Planning for the Dairy Farm Business
Authors: Erven Bernard L.
Published: February 2023

Succession planning is a family-by-family challenge. No two farms or families are alike. To illustrate, a farm couple with one adult child in the business and four other children not in the business has a dramatically different situation than another couple with two adult children, both in the business.

Tax issues, estate planning, business viability, financing and proper legal documentation often dominate succession planning and farm-transfer discussions. Family relations and issues such as goals, timing, communication and fairness typically receive far less attention. These often unappreciated issues, however, are the focus of this article.
Effective Diverse Culture Workforce Styles
Authors: Estrada Jorge M.
Published: February 2023

It is a well understood fact that agricultural enterprises in the US have begun managing cultures to build better teams and more effective and efficient workforces. Ag businesses are challenged to produce positive results through management of diverse cultures. These businesses are not alone, as their external consultants, such as veterinarians, nutritionists, and other industry providers, are also facing interaction with people of diverse cultures. Language differences and cultural differences cause the communication challenges in this business environment. There also have been challenges due to managers and owners being put into a position of managing larger and larger groups of people for the first time. There have also been challenges due to the fact that a culture in itself is built, or needs to be built, within the agricultural enterprise when a group of people or employees come together. A lot of progress is being made in our businesses from leaders and employees alike taking on the challenge of learning from each other and trying to create better places for people to work and produce outstanding results, which should be two of the main objectives of any agricultural business today. Following are some aspects we need to consider to effectively manage the diverse culture workforce styles to build stronger organizations.
Neonatal Care and Neonatal Emergencies in Camelids
Authors: Tibary A. , Rodriguez J. , Walker P. , Anouassi A.
Published: February 2023

Neonatal care and neonatal emergencies are among the most common complaints in camelid practice. The present paper summarizes literature and the authors' experience relative to the care of the normal camelid neonate, with special emphasis on normal behavior and passive transfer of immunity. The main emergencies in South American camelids (SAC) and camels are discussed. The discussion includes congenital abnormalities, infectious and non-infectious diseases of the first week of life, and their medical management.
New Discoveries in Cattle Health
Authors: Woolums Amelia R. , Chase Christopher C. L.
Published: February 2023

The well-being and productivity of cattle are closely linked to cattle health. Moreover, disease is costly. In 2005, the estimated cost of cattle death due to all disease was $2 billion;5 this does not include the costs of treatment or production loss due to disease. Preservation of cattle health requires that veterinarians understand the causes of disease and the methods to prevent disease. Because animal production systems and infectious agents are always evolving, new causes of disease are always developing. Thus, ongoing research is necessary to determine the causes of new and emerging diseases, to determine the true impact of disease on well-being and productivity, and to develop evidence-based methods to treat and prevent disease.
Comparison of Three Oral Chlortetracycline Treatment Regimens for Persistent Anaplasma marginale Carrier Clearance
Authors: Reinbold J. B. , Coetzee J. , Hollis L. , Wood C. , Olson K. C. , Ganta R.
Published: February 2023

Anaplasma marginale causes the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle. Once infected, a lifelong carrier state persists to function as a disease reservoir enabling subsequent vector infection or production equipment contamination. Despite reports of successful carrier clearance, no antimicrobial compound is labeled for disease elimination. In the absence of an efficacious vaccine, a validated antimicrobial regimen for persistent A. marginale elimination is urgently needed. Three oral chlortetracycline (CTC) treatments were evaluated for carrier clearance in cattle persistently infected with a Virginia isolate of A marginale.
Evaluation of On-Arrival or Prompted Metaphylaxis Regimens Using Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid for Feedlot Heifers at Risk of Developing Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Johnson J. C. , Bryson W. L. , Barringer L. S. , Hunsaker B. D. , Harper L. B.
Published: February 2023

In northern, ranch-fresh calves, MTX reduces the incidence of BRD and has better utility administered on arrival compared with relying on morbidity as a signal for timing antimicrobial administration.
Features Extraction and Selection with the Scattering Transform for Electrical Load Classification
Authors: Aguiar Everton Luiz , Lazzaretti André Eugenio , Pipa Daniel Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

The Scattering Transform (ST) presents itself as an alternative approach to the classic methods that involve neural networks and deep learning techniques for the feature extraction and classification of electrical signals. Among its main advantages, one can emphasize that the coefficients of the ST are determined analytically and do not need to be learned, as typically performed in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Additionally, ST has time-shifting and small time-warping invariance, which reduces the need for precise temporal localization (detection) for subsequent classification. This paper originally proposes six feature extraction and selection methods applied to classification of Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) high-frequency signals. We visually analyze the separability among classes for the proposed Feature Extractors and validate the performance of the proposed methods varying several parameters for ST calculation, such as signal length, number of examples, and sampling frequency. The results outperform other state-of-the-art feature extraction techniques, reaching up to 100% of FScore for a publicly available dataset, demonstrating the feasibility and promising aspects of the ST for NILM problems.
Consumption Forecasting and Economic-Financial Evaluation of a Brazilian Company in the Free Market
Authors: Mello Junior Harold Dias , Figueiredo Karla , Seruffo Marcos César da Rocha , Costa Fernando Augusto Ribeiro , Moura Flávio Rafael Trindade , Rodrigues Junior Fausto Marques , Bastos Guilherme Baptista
Published: February 2023

The essential difference between the Free Contracting Environment (FCE) and the Regulated Contracting Environment (RCE) is the possibility of freely negotiating energy terms and prices with suppliers. Disconnected from the tariffs regulated by the government, in the FCE, consumers bear the costly difference between the contracted energy and that consumed. This cost can be reduced with accurate knowledge of the consumer profile, based on the analysis of historical data. In this article, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the migration of consumers to the FCE. In a case study, graphical statistical techniques help identify the profile of a consumer in the city of Rio de Janeiro, subgroup A4 and with green tariff modality, in the period from 2016 to 2019. Then, classical and artificial neural network-based methods are used for consumption forecasting twelve months ahead. In particular, Long and Short Term Memories (LSTM) networks performed better than Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. At the end, it is demonstrated with economic and financial indicators, the right decision of this consumer to migrate to the FCE, prior to the analysis performed in this case study.
Expresión inmunohistoquímica de la proteína citoqueratina 19 en quistes dentígeros asociados a terceros molares incluidos
Authors: Castiblanco-Molina Maria Camila , Peña-Vega Claudia Patricia , Rueda-Jiménez Andrés
Published: February 2023

como el quiste dentígero. Este quiste se origina por alteración del epitelio del órgano del esmalte después de la formación completa de la corona debido a la acumulación de líquido entre las capas del epitelio adamantino. Para el diagnóstico de estas entidades se utiliza la radiografía y el estudio histopatológico, sin embargo, la utilización de algunos de los marcadores de inmunohistoquímica odontogénicos pueden ser una ayuda diagnóstica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la expresión de la proteína Citoqueratina 19 en las biopsias procesadas durante el 2018 - 2020 de quistes dentígeros y sacos foliculares del servicio de Patología Oral y maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, con 20 bloques con diagnóstico histopatológico previo de quiste dentígero, se realizaron coloraciones de hematoxilina y eosina y posteriormente se hicieron marcaciones inmunohistoquímicas con Citoqueratina 19. Se obtuvo una asociación positiva entre el diagnóstico y la intensidad de las células positivas al marcador (p= 0,0016). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la utilidad de la citoqueratina como inmunomarcador particularmente para el diagnóstico de lesiones incipientes.
Lesiones sospechosas de maltrato infantil en clínicas de Odontopediatría
Authors: Díaz-Cardenas Shyrley , Rojano-Rodriguez Adrián , Rey-Arrieta Andrés David
Published: February 2023

RESUMEN
El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de lesiones sospechosas de maltrato infantil (MI) en clínicas de Odontopediatría de una Universidad Pública Colombiana. Estudio descriptivo en 100 binomios padres-niños de 6 a 9 años y estudiantes de Odontología. Se diseñó y aplicó cuestionario indagando variables sociodemográficas, sospecha general de MI y se evaluó clínicamente sospecha de MI según lesiones orofaciales. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado utilizando prueba X2. Los resultados muestran prevalencia de sospecha general de MI del 12 % y sospecha de MI según lesiones orofaciales del 24 %; la lesión extraoral e intraoral más prevalente fue la laceración (10%). Se hallaron relaciones significantes entre sospecha general de MI con desgarro del frenillo labial, múltiples cicatrices, quemaduras sugestivas de MI, marcas de mordidas, contusiones y laceración en labios (p<0,005) y relaciones entre sospecha de MI según lesiones orofaciales y vestimenta inadecuada, evidencia de dolor en el cuerpo, manejo inadecuado de lesiones corporales entre otros (p<0,005). Se concluye que, en clínicas de Odontopediatría del ámbito universitario, se pueden presentar lesiones sospechosas de MI desde la valoración general y orofacial.
Percepción de madres y maestras sobre la inclusión escolar de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
Authors: Badillo-Jiménez Vanessa Tatiana , Mieles-Barrera María Dilia , Peña-Sarmiento Andrea Paola
Published: February 2023

Se realizó un estudio de caso descriptivo sobre la percepción que tienen tres padres de familia y tres maestros sobre el proceso de inclusión escolar que se está llevando a cabo en algunas instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Santa Marta (Colombia), con niños y niñas en edad escolar, diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) por su respectiva entidad promotora de salud (EPS). Se utilizó como técnica de recolección de información un cuestionario, diligenciado por los padres de familia y maestros participantes en esta investigación. Los resultados muestran que los niños con TEA se ven beneficiados al ser incluidos en instituciones regulares, ya que presentan mejoría en sus habilidades tanto cognitivas como comportamentales. Sin embargo, se identifican algunas deficiencias para llevar a cabo este proceso, como la falta de flexibilidad y adaptabilidad curricular, la escasa adecuación de los espacios y los recursos didácticos para atender a las características y necesidades de esta población.
Comparative Pharmacological Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines against the
Variants of Concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2: Recent Clinical Studies on
Booster Dose
Authors: Zhao Di , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Junqi , AU Chinnappa , Basavaraj Vijaya , Sri Chiriki Devi , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Shivaprakash Priyanka , Fan Ruitai
Published: February 2023

Sera obtained from convalescent individuals, and vaccinated individuals can induce low
neutralizing efficacy against variants of concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the majority
of COVID-19 vaccines are less efficacious against VOCs when compared to their efficacy
against the original virus. Immune escape is one of the significant mechanisms observed during
SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the substantial mutational capacity of VOCs such as B.1.1.7, P.1,
B.1.351, B.1.617.2, C.37, and B.1.621. Omicron, a novel strain of SARS-CoV-2, also referred to
as B.1.1.529, was identified in South Africa. This variant is a potential new VOC by the World
Health Organization (WHO), and confirmed cases have been arising across several nations due to
its rapid spreading ability. Omicron variant can acquire substantial immune escape following Delta,
Beta/Gamma D614G VOCs and subsequently facilitating potential infectivity due to its enhanced
ACE2 binding ability. The Omicron variant is a highly mutated variant accompanied by
higher transmissibility and immune evasion. This mini review describes the ability of VOCs to
acquire immune escape and also describes the comparative neutralization efficacy of several vaccines,
including Booster doses against SARS-CoV-2.
A Comprehensive Insight on Pharmacological Properties of Cilnidipine: A
Fourth-generation Calcium Channel Blocker
Authors: Kadian Renu , Nanda Arun
Published: February 2023

Preventing the development of cardiovascular problems is a key objective of antihypertensive
drugs. Many of the non-pressure related coronary risk factors for hypertension are thought
to be connected to an increase in sympathetic activity. The sympathetic systems have N-type calcium
channels at the nerve terminals that control neurotransmitter release. Cilnidipine is a unique
fourth-generation calcium channel blocker with blocking action on both L-/N- type calcium channels.
Several L-type calcium channel blockers (Nilvadipine, amlodipine, azelnidipine, nifedipine,
etc.) have been used to treat hypertensive patients. Cilnidipine is a novel drug that exerts a hypotensive
effect through vasodilation action via blocking L-type calcium channels and potent antisympathetic
activity via blocking N-type calcium channels. Inhibiting N-type calcium channels
might be a new approach to treating cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, it is expected that cilnidipine
may respond well to complicated hypertension. The present review aims to describe the
management mechanism of hypertension, and other pharmacological and physicochemical properties
of cilnidipine. Cilnidipine has various other beneficial effects such as lipid-lowering effect,
reduced white coat effect, improves insulin sensitivity in essential hypertensive patients, ameliorates
osteoporosis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats, reduced arterial stiffness, reduced the risk
of pedal edema, antinociceptive effects, neuroprotective and renal protective effect, probably
through inhibition of N-type calcium channels. Cilnidipine distinguishes itself from other calcium
channel blockers due to its wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects. In conclusion, cilnidipine
may be more advantageous than other dihydropyridines, such as nisoldipine, amlodipine,
azelnidipine, and other antihypertensive drugs.
A Change in the Trend of Quality Reporting in Leprosy Trials: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Sheth Pranav Gaurangbhai , Velmurugan Hemasri , Venkatesan Sajitha , Balan Aravind Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Leprosy is a communicable disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae.
Despite all attempts, it has not been eradicated in several underdeveloped nations since the start of the
antibiotic age. It's a social issue as well as a stigmatised disease. Due to these restrictions, randomised
controlled trials in leprosy confront numerous obstacles, which are reflected in the quality of study
reporting.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to use the Consolidated Standard for Reporting Trials
(CONSORT) 2010 checklist to assess the quality of leprosy trial reporting.

Methods:

We assess the quality of reporting of randomised control trials on leprosy conducted after
2010 in the PubMed database, using the CONSORT checklist 2010. Second, we compare the quality of
RCT reporting before and after the release of the CONSORT guidelines in 2010.

Results:

A total of 19 full-text eligible articles were examined and included in the final list of articles,
which were then evaluated further. 4 out of 19 trials had a compliance percentage of more than 75%. 6
out of 19 trials had compliance percentage of 50% to 75%. 9 trials had a compliance percentage of
below 50%. Highest compliance was 86.48% and the lowest compliance was 32.43%. When compared
with trials before 2010, we could see an improvement in some criteria showing a statistically significant
rise in comparison with trials conducted before 2010.

Conclusion:

Leprosy is still a concern in developing countries, which have failed to eradicate the disease
despite their best efforts and resources. The compliance of leprosy related RCTs has improved
since the introduction of the CONSORT guidelines, but the quality of reporting still remains on the
lower side.
Self-micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery via Intestinal Lymphatics: A Lucrative
Approach to Drug Targeting
Authors: Ramachandra Darshan Petkar , Sudheer Preethi
Published: February 2023

The intestinal lymphatics are considered one of the most specialized pathways, which promote
the absorption of various agents such as vitamins, lipids, xenobiotics, and lipophilic substances. The intestinal
lymphatics have provided various advantages like bypassing first-pass effects, and improved bioavailability.
The oral delivery of poor hydrophilic drugs can be improved by employing a lipid-based formulation
strategy. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are one of the vivacious
strategies based on lipid-based drug delivery that have shown their effects by improving the solubility and
bioavailability of the therapeutic agents. This review is an insight into the functions, targets, mechanisms,
and carriers involved in intestinal lymphatics. Also, the review illustrates the types, formulation requirements,
and mechanism of action of SMEDDS in detail. In addition, it describes the targeting, types, physicochemical
properties, biological barriers, and benefits of lymphatic targeting in therapy. Finally, the marketed
formulations and future aspects of SMEDDS formulations are addressed.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Pengumpulan Tugas Pada Pembelajaran Daring Di SMKN 6 Bandung
Authors: Fadilla Syam Afra , - Sukadi , Rahayu Sri
Published: February 2023

Pembelajaran dalam jaringan yang dilaksanakan di SMKN 6 Bandung khususnya pada program keahlian Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan berjalan dengan kurang baik karena memiliki beberapa kendala, hal ini menyebabkan tujuan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar tidak tercapai dengan baik. Permasalahan ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal dari guru maupun siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran umum  mengenai faktor penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung, mengetahui persentase faktor internal penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung, mengetahui persentase faktor eksternal penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung dan untuk mengetahui faktor yang dominan menyebabkan keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis perhitungan persentase. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persentase faktor internal lebih besar dari pada faktor eksternal. Lebih dari setengahnya siswa menyatakan penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung berasal dari faktor internal, sedangkan kurang dari setengahnya siswa menyatakan penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung berasal dari faktor eksternal. Persentase dari kedua faktor tersebut tidak terlalu jauh sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan dari kedua faktor tersebut dapat saling menyebabkan keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring. Untuk faktor yang dominan menyebabkan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring yaitu faktor internal dalam aspek motivasi.
High hole mobility in boron delta-doped layers in diamond: why it is not achieved as yet and how it can be achieved
Authors: Kukushkin V. A.
Published: February 2023

The required parameters of nanometer boron delta-doped layers in diamond for achieving high conductivity and hole mobility are calculated. The boron concentration in such layers has to be sufficient to achieve the insulator--metal phase transition, i. e. metallic conductivity. Then, it is demonstrated that taking into account valence band edge energy shift due to the presence of ionized boron atoms leads to the significant deepening of the potential well formed by the delta-doped layer for holes. It results in much stronger hole confinement than it was expected before. Thus, it is predicted that a significant delocalization-induced increase of hole mobility can be achieved if metallic boron delta-doped layer thickness is of order and smaller than 0.5 nm and compensation ratio does not exceed 42%. Keywords: delta-doped layers, nanostructures, diamond films chemically deposited from the vapor phase, hole mobility, insulator-metal phase transition.
Influence of Source Composition on the Planar Growth of nanowires during Catalytic Growth in a Quasi-Closed Volume
Authors: Karlina L. B.  , Vlasov A. S.  , Smirnova I. P.  , Ber B. Ya.  , Kazantsev D. Y.  , Tokarev M. V.  , Soshnikov I. P..
Published: February 2023

The possibility of controlling the composition of lateral nanowires by the method of growth under quasi-equilibrium conditions in a quasi-closed volume from indium, phosphorus, and arsenic vapors with Au catalyst in the "vapor-liquid-solid" mechanism has been demonstrated for the first time. It has been experimentally shown that the additional presence of arsenic in the indium-phosphorus source leads to the coalescence of catalytic gold droplets at the initial stage of the growth, which determines the further morphology and growth kinetics of nanostructures. An additional formation of indium phosphide nanostructures with a composition different from that of the main nanowires was found. The results of the studies expand the possibilities of the developed method for obtaining lateral nanowires on gallium arsenide substrates. Keywords: InGaAsP lateral nanowires, "vapor-liquid-solid" growth mechanism, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence.
Influence of a multilayer grounded field plate on the effect of quasi-saturation of current-voltage chatacteristics of power radio frequence lateral transistors
Authors: Alekseev R.P.  , Kurshev P.L.  , Tsotsorin A.N.
Published: February 2023

Was been performed modeling of LDMOS-transistor structures with two- and three-layer grounded field plates. On both structures the manifestation of the effect of quasi-saturation of ID-VD characteristics was estimated. It is shown that the new design of the three-layer grounded field plate significantly suppresses the effect of quasi-saturation. Keywords: power RF transistors, LDMOS, quasi-saturation of I-V characteristics.
Criterion for the growth selectivity of III-V and III-N nanowires on masked substrates
Authors: Dubrovskii V. G.  , Leshchenko E. D.
Published: February 2023

A model is developed for the initial stage of nucleation of III-V nanowires including nitrides (III-V NWs) and other nanostructures grown by selective area epitaxy on masked substrates with regular arrays of pinholes. A criterion for the growth selectivity is obtained, which ensures nucleation of III-V NWs within the pinholes but not on a mask surface. The temperature, group III and V fluxes, pinhole radius and pitch dependences of the selective growth zones are analyzed Keywords: III-V nanowires, selective area epitaxy, masked substrate, nucleation.
Rotation of the light polarization plane in Liquid Crystals with sensitizers based on WS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- nanotubes
Authors: Toikka A. S.  , Kamanina N. V.
Published: February 2023

The effect of WS2 nanotubes on the rotation of the polarization plane of p-type laser radiation in the nematic liquid-crystal composites based on 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) has been considered. The correlation between the concentration of the injected sensitizer and the phase shift of the optical beam has been demonstrated. The prospects of these materials in display technologies, laser technology and quantum cryptography has been shown. Keywords: liquid crystals, sensitizing, WS2 nanotubes, rotation of the light plane of polarization.