bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of the effect on maternal health of upright positions during the second stage of labour, without routine epidural analgesia
Authors: Deliktas Ayse , Kukulu Kamile
Published: September 2017

Aim

To detect the effect on maternal health of upright positions during the second stage of labour.

Background

Maternal position during labour has an important effect on maternal and foetal health.

Design

A meta‐analysis was used based on the Cochrane Handbook.

Data sources

Randomized/non‐randomized clinical trials were searched with English and Turkish key words in databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct, Springer Link, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Proquest, ULAKBİM (Turkish Academic Network and Information Center) and YÖK (Turkish Council of Higher Education) (1970‐December 2015).

Review methods

According to inclusion criteria, eligible studies were identified. Data extraction was performed and the bias risks of the studies were assessed independently by two authors. The publication bias of the main outcomes was examined. The overall effect size was calculated by risk ratio with a random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

The criteria for the meta‐analysis were met by 22 articles. It was detected that the ratio of instrumental labour and episiotomy was lower but the haemorrhage ratio was higher in women. There was no statistical effect of upright position on the other maternal outcomes.

Conclusion

The reductions in these ratios improved comfort. Due to methodological shortcomings of the studies, the increased ratio of postpartum haemorrhage should be interpreted with caution. Researchers are recommended to conduct studies rigorously. In addition, healthcare professionals are recommended to decide the appropriate birth position by considering the individual risk factors and preferences of the women.
EU Independent Fiscal Institutions: An Assessment of Potential Effectiveness
Authors: Horvath Michal
Published: September 2017

The article explores if EU independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) are in a position to exercise effective scrutiny of national fiscal policies. It identifies substantial heterogeneity across IFIs in resources which is not matched by a similar diversity in mandates. In addition to financial and human resources, better access to information, effective comply‐or‐explain mechanisms and closer links with legislatures could enhance fiscal surveillance and accountability in the EU. The paper provides rankings of individual IFIs constructed based on measures that aggregate these pre‐conditions for effective fiscal scrutiny.
Immediate Postpartum Contraception: A Survey Needs Assessment of a National Sample of Midwives
Authors: Moniz Michelle H. , Roosevelt Lee , Crissman Halley P. , Kobernik Emily K. , Dalton Vanessa K. , Heisler Michele H. , Low Lisa Kane
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Immediate postpartum long‐acting, reversible contraception (LARC)—providing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants immediately following birth—is an effective strategy to prevent unintended pregnancies and improve birth spacing. We measured US certified nurse‐midwives’ (CNMs') and certified midwives’ (CMs') knowledge, training needs, current practice, and perceived barriers to providing immediate postpartum LARC.

Methods

We invited currently practicing CNM and CM members of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives to complete an online survey about their knowledge and experience with the use of LARC and analyzed eligible questionnaires using descriptive statistics.

Results

Of 4609 eligible midwives, 794 responded (17% response rate). Most were female (99.5%) and non‐Hispanic white (92.1%), with 45.0% attending births in urban settings. Responses revealed multiple knowledge gaps related to IUD expulsion rates and appropriateness of immediate postpartum LARC in certain clinical scenarios. Only 10.1% of respondents reported feeling confident to insert an immediate postpartum IUD and 43.3% an implant. Many reported desiring additional training in immediate postpartum IUD (63.5%) and implant (22.8%) insertion; few reported access to such training (IUD, 19.9%; implant, 15.2%). Most respondents had never inserted an immediate postpartum IUD (90.7%) or implant (86.8%). The most commonly cited barriers to immediate postpartum LARC provision were that it is not standard practice (IUD, 40.9%; implant, 39.0%) or is not available (IUD, 27.8%; implant, 34.8%) at one's institution and feeling inadequately trained (IUD, 26.5%; implant, 10.7%).

Discussion

Nine in 10 midwife respondents have never inserted an IUD or implant immediately postpartum, but more than half indicated they would like the opportunity to provide these services. Our findings highlight opportunities to enhance the immediate postpartum LARC‐related knowledge and skills of the midwife workforce. They also suggest that logistic and institutional barriers to immediate postpartum LARC access must be removed in order to make this evidence‐based reproductive health service available to all women who desire it.
The conformational epitope for a new Aβ42 protofibril‐selective antibody partially overlaps with the peptide N‐terminal region
Authors: Colvin Benjamin A. , Rogers Victoria A. , Kulas Joshua A. , Ridgway Elizabeth A. , Amtashar Fatima S. , Combs Colin K. , Nichols Michael R.
Published: September 2017

Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While monomeric Aβ appears to be benign, oligomers adopt a biologically detrimental structure. These soluble structures can be detected in AD brain tissue by antibodies that demonstrate selectivity for aggregated Aβ. Protofibrils are a subset of soluble oligomeric Aβ species and are described as small (< 100 nm) curvilinear assemblies enriched in β‐sheet structure. Our own in vitro studies demonstrate that microglial cells are much more sensitive to soluble Aβ42 protofibrils compared to Aβ42 monomer or insoluble Aβ42 fibrils. Protofibrils interact with microglia, trigger Toll‐like receptor signaling, elicit cytokine transcription and expression, and are rapidly taken up by the cells. Because of the importance of this Aβ species, we sought to develop an antibody that selectively recognizes protofibrils over other Aβ species. Immunization of rabbits with isolated Aβ42 protofibrils generated a high‐titer anti serum with a strong affinity for Aβ42 protofibrils. The antiserum, termed AbSL, was selective for Aβ42 protofibrils over Aβ42 monomers and Aβ42 fibrils. AbSL did not react with amyloid precursor protein and recognized distinct pathological features in AD transgenic mouse brain slices. Competition studies with an Aβ antibody that targets residues 1–16 indicated that the conformational epitope for AbSL involved the N‐terminal region of protofibrils in some manner. The newly developed antibody may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses in AD tissue and patients, and targeting of protofibrils in AD may have beneficial effects.

Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 621.

Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13827.

image
Preventing nosocomial infection in paediatric wards
Authors: PURSSELL EDWARD
Published: September 2017

Nosocomial infection is potentially a major problem in paediatric wards. However, there are methodological difficulties which hinder researchers in identifying the true extent of nosocomial infection.

Respiratory infections pose the greatest challenge, with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being particularly problematic. However, RSV can be contained by strict implementation of isolation procedures.

Other major pathogens such as enteric bacteria and viruses can similarly be controlled through vigorous attention to hand‐washing and isolation.

Health‐care staff are implicated in the nosocomial spread of many other infectious agents, and should pay particular care to personal practice.
Molecular characterisation of the broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildew conferred by the Stpk‐V gene from the wild species Haynaldia villosa
Authors: Qian C. , Cui C. , Wang X. , Zhou C. , Hu P. , Li M. , Li R. , Xiao J. , Wang X. , Chen P. , Xing L. , Cao A.
Published: September 2017

A key member of the Pm21 resistance gene locus, Stpk‐V, derived from Haynaldia villosa, was shown to confer broad‐spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew. The present study was planned to investigate the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk‐V.

Transcriptome analysis was performed in Stpk‐V transgenic plants and recipient Yangmai158 upon Bgt infection, and detailed histochemical observations were conducted. Chromosome location of Stpk‐V orthologous genes in Triticeae species was conducted for evolutionary study and over‐expression of Stpk‐V both in barley and Arabidopsis was performed for functional study.

The transcriptome results indicate, at the early infection stage, the ROS pathway, JA pathway and some PR proteins associated with the SA pathway were activated in both the resistant Stpk‐V transgenic plants and susceptible Yangmai158. However, at the later infection stage, the genes up‐regulated at the early stage were continuously held only in the transgenic plants, and a large number of new genes were also activated in the transgenic plants but not in Yangmai158.

Results indicate that sustained activation of the early response genes combined with later‐activated genes mediated by Stpk‐V is critical for resistance in Stpk‐V transgenic plants. Stpk‐V orthologous genes in the representative grass species are all located on homologous group six chromosomes, indicating that Stpk‐V is an ancient gene in the grasses. Over‐expression of Stpk‐V enhanced host resistance to powdery mildew in barley but not in Arabidopsis. Our results enable a better understanding of the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk‐V, and establish a solid foundation for its use in cereal breeding as a gene resource.
Detection of ground parrot vocalisation: A multiple instance learning approach
Authors: Nguyen Duc Thanh , Ogunbona Philip O. , Li Wanqing , Tasker Elizabeth , Yearwood John
Published: September 2017

Ground parrot vocalisation can be considered as an audio event. Test-based diverse density multiple instance learning (TB-DD-MIL) is proposed for detecting this event in audio files recorded in the field. The proposed method is motivated by the advantages of multiple instance learning from incomplete training data. Spectral features suitable for encoding the vocal source information of the ground parrot vocalization are also investigated. The proposed method was benchmarked against a dataset collected in various environmental conditions and an audio detection evaluation scheme is proposed. The evaluation includes a study on performance of the various vocal source features and comparison with other classification techniques. Experimental results indicated that the most appropriate feature to encode ground parrot calls is the spectral bandwidth and the proposed TB-DD-MIL method outperformed other existing classification methods.
Novel Stable Ebola Virus Minigenome Replicon Reveals Remarkable Stability of the Viral Genome
Authors: Tao Wanyin , Gan Tianyu , Guo Mingzhe , Xu Yongfen , Zhong Jin
Published: September 2017

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates with a high case fatality rate. No approved drug or vaccine of EBOV is available, which necessitates better understanding of the virus life cycle. Studies on EBOV have been hampered because experimentations involving live virus are restricted to biosafety level 4 (BSL4) laboratories. The EBOV minigenome system has provided researchers with the opportunity to study EBOV under BSL2 conditions. Here, we developed a novel EBOV minigenome replicon which, to our knowledge, is the first EBOV cell culture system that can stably replicate and transcribe the EBOV minigenome. The minigenomic RNA harboring a
Gaussia
luciferase and hygromycin-resistant marker can replicate for months in a helper cell stably expressing viral nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 35 (VP35), VP30, and L proteins. Quantification of viral RNA (vRNA), cRNA, and mRNA levels of the EBOV minigenome demonstrated that the stable EBOV replicon had much-more-active minigenome replication than previously developed transient-transfection-based EBOV minigenome systems, which recapitulate viral primary transcription more than genome replication. Interestingly, minigenome replication in the stable EBOV replicon cells was insensitive to interferon treatment or RNA interference. Moreover, RNase digestion of the replicon cell lysates revealed the remarkably stable nature of the EBOV minigenomic vRNA ribonucleoprotein complex, which may help improve understanding of EBOV persistence in convalescent patients.

IMPORTANCE
The scope and severity of the recent Ebola outbreak in Western Africa justified a more comprehensive investigation of the causative risk group 4 agent Ebola virus (EBOV). Study of EBOV replication and antiviral development can be facilitated by developing a cell culture system that allows experimentation under biosafety level 2 conditions. Here, we developed a novel stable EBOV minigenome replicon which, to our knowledge, is the first EBOV cell culture system that can stably replicate and transcribe the EBOV minigenome. The replicon system had more-active genome replication than previously developed transient-transfection-based EBOV minigenome systems, providing a convenient surrogate system to study EBOV replication. Furthermore, self-replicating minigenomic vRNA in the replicon cells displayed strong stability in response to interferon treatment, RNA silencing, and RNase digestion, which may provide an explanation for the persistence of EBOV in survivors.
Preconditioning with morphine protects hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemia–reperfusion injury via activation of the mTOR pathway
Authors: Arabian Maedeh , Aboutaleb Nahid , Soleimani Mansoureh , Ajami Marjan , Habibey Rouhollah , Rezaei Yousef , Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza
Published: September 2017

The signaling pathway of chronic morphine treatment to prevent neuronal damage following transient cerebral ischemia is not clear. In this study, we examined the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to identify the neuroprotective effects of chronic morphine preconditioning on the hippocampus following ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Morphine was administered for 5 days, twice a day, before inducing I/R injury. The possible role of mTOR was evaluated by the injection of rapamycin (5 mg/kg body weight, by intraperitoneal injection) before I/R was induced. The passive avoidance test was used to evaluate memory performance. Neuronal density and apoptosis were measured in the CA1 region, 72 h after I/R injury. The expressions of mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined 24 h after I/R injury. Chronic morphine treatment attenuated apoptosis and neuronal loss in the hippocampus after I/R injury, which led to improvement in memory (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) and increase in the expression of p-mTOR (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) and SOD activity (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with rapamycin abolished all the above-mentioned protective effects. These results describe novel findings whereby chronic morphine preconditioning in hippocampal CA1 neurons is mediated by the mTOR pathway, and through increased phosphorylation of mTOR can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and eventually protect the hippocampus from I/R injury.
Quantum states in a nanotube quantum dot
Authors: Wang J. T. , Fan J. D.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we carry out a theoretical calculation of quantum state and quantum energy structure in carbon nanotube embedded semiconductor surface. In this theoretical model, the electrons in the carbon nanotube are considered as in a two-dimensional cylindrical surface. Their motion, therefore, can be described by the Dirac equation. We solve the equation and find that the energy levels are quantized and are linearly dependent on the wave vectors along the [Formula: see text]-direction that is along the direction of the nanotube. This type of energy structure may have potential application for fabricating high efficiency solar cell or quantum bit in computer chips.
Structural and Ferromagnetic Properties SnO2/TiO2 Nanotubes Obtained by Electrospinning
Authors: Zhao Jian-Guo , Gu Yan-Hong , Jia Hong , Hu Zhuan , Qiao Shuqian , Jin Mengjing , Ge Panting , Zhang Weiying , Liu Shijiang , Liu Zhaojun
Published: September 2017

SnO2/TiO2 (Sn/Ti [Formula: see text]/1) nanotubes were prepared by the electrospinning method. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the inner diameter of prepared materials was about 100[Formula: see text]nm and the wall thickness was about 10[Formula: see text]nm. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed that SnO2/TiO2 nanotubes had a mixed phase of SnO2 rutile and TiO2 anatase structures and no impurity phases. The magnetic properties of the SnO2/TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by a superconducting quantum interferometer (SQUID). The results indicated that the samples exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism which may be attributed to the interface between TiO2 and SnO2 phases.
Neuroinflammation and ALS: Transcriptomic Insights into Molecular Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Morello Giovanna , Spampinato Antonio Gianmaria , Cavallaro Sebastiano
Published: September 2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the motor nervous system. Despite the mechanism underlying motor neuron death is not yet clarified, multiple pathogenic processes have been proposed to account for ALS. Among these, inflammatory/immune responses have recently gained particular interest, although there are conflicting reports on the role of these processes in ALS pathogenesis and treatment. This apparent discrepancy may be due to the absence of an effective stratification of ALS patients into subgroups with markedly different clinical, biological, and molecular features. Our research group recently described genome-wide characterization of motor cortex samples from sporadic ALS (SALS) patients, revealing the existence of molecular and functional heterogeneity in SALS. Here, we reexamine data coming from our previous work, focusing on transcriptomic changes of inflammatory-related genes, in order to investigate their potential contribution in ALS. A total of 1573 inflammatory genes were identified as differentially expressed between SALS patients and controls, characterizing distinct topological pathways and networks, suggestive of specific inflammatory molecular signatures for different patient subgroups. Besides providing promising insights into the intricate relationship between inflammation and ALS, this paper represents a starting point for the rationale design and development of novel and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
What is “Hyper” in the ALS Hypermetabolism?
Authors: Ferri Alberto , Coccurello Roberto
Published: September 2017

The progressive and fatal loss of upper (brain) and lower (spinal cord) motor neurons and muscle denervation concisely condenses the clinical picture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite the multiple mechanisms believed to underlie the selective loss of motor neurons, ALS aetiology remains elusive and obscure. Likewise, there is also a cluster of alterations in ALS patients in which muscle wasting, body weight loss, eating dysfunction, and abnormal energy dissipation coexist. Defective energy metabolism characterizes the ALS progression, and such paradox of energy balance stands as a challenge for the understanding of ALS pathogenesis. The hypermetabolism in ALS will be examined from tissue-specific energy imbalance (e.g., skeletal muscle) to major energetic pathways (e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase) and whole-body energy alterations including glucose and lipid metabolism, nutrition, and potential involvement of interorgan communication. From the point of view here expressed, the hypermetabolism in ALS should be evaluated as a magnifying glass through which looking at the ALS pathogenesis is from a different perspective in which defective metabolism can disclose novel mechanistic interpretations and lines of intervention.
Protective Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extract against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Induced by Interleukin-1β in Cultured Chondrocytes
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Azam , Bahrampour Juybari Kobra , Fatemi Mohammad Javad , Kamarul Tunku , Bagheri Aboulfazl , Tekiyehmaroof Neda , Sharifi Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Aims: The protective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract on IL-1β-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis were investigated in C28I2 human chondrocytes. Methods: The effects of various concentrations of ginger extract on C28I2 human chondrocyte viability were evaluated in order to obtain noncytotoxic concentrations of the drug by methylthiotetrazole assay. The cells were pretreated with 5 and 25 μg/mL ginger extract for 24 h, followed by incubation with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. The effects of ginger extract on IL-1β-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation were examined. The mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxidase-1, glutathione peroxidase-3, and glutathione peroxidase-4 were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: No cytotoxicity was observed at any concentration of ginger extract in C28I2 cells. Ginger extract pretreatment remarkably increased the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the IL-1β-induced elevation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 activity. Conclusions: Ginger extract could considerably reduce IL-1β-induced oxidative stress and consequent mitochondrial apoptosis as the major mechanisms of chondrocyte cell death. These beneficial effects of ginger extract may be due to its antioxidant properties. It may be considered as a natural herbal product to prevent OA-induced cartilage destruction in the clinical setting.
O basquetebol feminino nos Jogos Olímpicos: 1976-2016
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, De Rose Junior Dante
Published: September 2017

A obra é um registro da história do basquetebol feminino nos Jogos Olímpicos, que teve início em Montreal, em 1976, 40 anos depois da inclusão do basquetebol no programa oficial dos Jogos, hoje esporte que atrai tanto a presença nos ginásios quanto é responsável pelo alto índice de audiência na TV. O autor concede especial atenção ao basquete brasileiro, ressaltando as conquistas de medalhas dos atletas e o trabalho incansável das equipes, técnicos e árbitros ao longo desses 40 anos de participação.
CORRUPTION IN ACESSING AND UTILIZING THE COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pradipta Lengga
Published: September 2017

This article reviews some corruption cases that are associated with natural resources management, especially in accessing and utilizing common property resources in Indonesia. It attempts to extract lessons from regulations and actions that have emerged in all levels and across many sectors. This article develops social-ecological systems (SES) framework to deliver a clear roadmap for incorporating more ecological or natural characteristics into studies that explores linkage social and legal systems. The framework therefore considers how problems are deﬁned and how action and policy are formulated to deal with these problems. This article provides an in-depth investigation in Pasaman district. The data is gathered by interviewing local people who live around palm plantations in West Pasaman. Corruption in the context of managing common property resources brings many disadvantages to community and State because it will lead to the scarcity of resources. Overall, eradicating corruption is not only on the hands of community or private sectors, but also needs active involvement from government and policy-makers as the main stakeholders.
Statisticum
Authors: Nica Anisoara , Sherkat Reza , Andrei Mihnea , Cheng Xun , Heidel Martin , Bensberg Christian , Gerwens Heiko
Published: September 2017

We introduce a new concept of leveraging traditional data statistics as dynamic data integrity constraints. These data statistics produce transient database constraints, which are valid as long as they can be proven to be consistent with the current data. We denote this type of data statistics by
constraint data statistics
, their properties needed for consistency checking by
consistency metadata
, and their implied integrity constraints by
implied data statistics constraints
(
implied constraints
for short). Implied constraints are valid integrity constraints which are powerful query optimization tools employed, just as traditional database constraints, in semantic query transformation (aka query reformulation), partition pruning, runtime optimization, and semi-join reduction, to name a few. To our knowledge, this is the first work introducing this novel and powerful concept of deriving implied integrity constraints from data statistics. We discuss theoretical aspects of the constraint data statistics concept and their integration into query processing. We present the current architecture of data statistics management in SAP HANA and detail how constraint data statistics are designed and integrated into this architecture. As an instantiation of this framework, we consider dynamic partition pruning for data aging scenarios. We discuss our current implementation for constraint data statistics objects in SAP HANA which can be used for
dynamic partition pruning.
We enumerate their properties and show how consistency checking for implied integrity constraints is supported in the data statistics architecture. Our experimental evaluations on the TPC-H benchmark and a real customer application confirm the effectiveness of the implied integrity constraints; (1) for 59% of TPC-H queries, constraint data statistics utilization results in pruning cold partitions and reducing memory consumption, and (2) we observe up to 3 orders of magnitude speed-up in query processing time, for a real customer running an S/4HANA application.
ExtraV
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kim Heesu , Yoo Sungjoo , Choi Kiyoung , Hofstee H. Peter , Nam Gi-Joon , Nutter Mark R. , Jamsek Damir
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose ExtraV, a framework for near-storage graph processing. It is based on the novel concept of
graph virtualization
, which efficiently utilizes a cache-coherent hardware accelerator at the storage side to achieve performance and flexibility at the same time. ExtraV consists of four main components: 1) host processor, 2) main memory, 3) AFU (Accelerator Function Unit) and 4) storage. The AFU, a hardware accelerator, sits between the host processor and storage. Using a coherent interface that allows main memory accesses, it performs graph traversal functions that are common to various algorithms while the program running on the host processor (called the host program) manages the overall execution along with more application-specific tasks. Graph virtualization is a high-level programming model of graph processing that allows designers to focus on algorithm-specific functions. Realized by the accelerator, graph virtualization gives the host programs an illusion that the graph data reside on the main memory in a layout that fits with the memory access behavior of host programs even though the graph data are actually stored in a multi-level, compressed form in storage. We prototyped ExtraV on a Power8 machine with a CAPI-enabled FPGA. Our experiments on a real system prototype offer significant speedup compared to state-of-the-art software only implementations.
Functional and Film-forming Properties of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Proteins
Authors: Saricaoglu Furkan Turker , Turhan Sadettin
Published: September 2017

In the present study, the functional properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat proteins (MDCM-Ps) were determined at different pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12), and film-forming properties were evaluated depending on MDCM-P (2, 3 and 4 %) and glycerol (30, 40 and 50 %) concentrations. The highest solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties were determined at pH 12. MDCM-P solutions showed non-polyelectrolyte behavior and gelation onset temperature was determined at 36 °C. Film-forming properties of MDCM-P showed that the tensile strength decreased, and elongation at break increased as glycerol concentration increased. Films became more transparent with increasing glycerol and decreasing protein concentration, while water vapor permeability increased with increasing glycerol and protein concentration. Water sorption data of films were fitted to the Guggenheim, Anderson, and De Boer model. In general, equilibrium moisture content of films increased as glycerol level increased. Overall, the results showed that MDCM-P could be useful as a new protein source for both food and packaging industries.
Effect of mechanical alloying on the synthesis of Fe-TiC nanocomposite
Authors: Jam Ali Reza , Razavi Mansour , Nikzad Leila
Published: September 2017

TiC particulates-reinforced Fe-based nanocomposites were fabricated using ferrotitanium and carbon black powders by mechanical alloying (MA). The raw materials were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled in different times. The phase type, crystallite size, and mean strain of milled samples were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of milled powders showed that titanium carbide was synthesized gradually after 90 min of milling and its formation was completed after 5 h and the crystallite size of the produced carbide was in nanometer scale. Increasing milling times gave rise to the reduction of crystallite size as well as the augmentation of the mean strain. Microstructural studies confirmed the accuracy of crystallite size calculations by XRD patterns.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of the praseodymium borate-nitrate Pr[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.87]NO3·2H2O
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: September 2017

The praseodymium borate-nitrate Pr[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.87]NO3·2H2O was obtained in a hydrothermal synthesis. It crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/n (no. 14) with four formula units (Z=4) and unit cell parameters of a=641.9(3), b=1551.8(7), c=1068.4(5) pm, with β=90.54(2)° yielding V=1.0643(8) nm3. The defect variant constitutes the missing member in the series of isostructural, early rare earth borate-nitrates of the composition RE[B5O8(OH)(H2O)
x
]NO3·2H2O [RE=La (x=0; 1), Ce (x=1), Nd (x=0.85), Sm (x=0)]. In addition to powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, the novel borate-nitrate was characterized through IR and Raman spectroscopy.
ANALISIS SPASIAL POTENSI KAWASAN BUDIDAYA LAUT DI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA DENGAN APLIKASI DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS
Authors: Radiarta I Nyoman , Sudradjat Achmad , Kusnendar Endhay
Published: September 2017

Provinsi Maluku Utara merupakan provinsi kepulauan dengan jumlah pulau baik besar maupun kecil mencapai 395 buah. Dengan luas lautan yang dominan (sekitar 76%) menjadikan provinsi ini berpotensi bagi pengembangan budidaya laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis spasial potensi kawasan budidaya laut dengan menggunakan data penginderaan jauh (inderaja) dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Data utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: lingkungan perairan (kedalaman perairan, klorofil-a, dan suhu permukaan laut), infrastruktur (pelabuhan perikanan) dan sebaran penduduk. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa total luasan potensi kawasan budidaya laut di Maluku Utara masing-masing adalah 5.923 km2 untuk budidaya rumput laut, 5.243 km2 untuk budidaya ikan dan 3.512 km2 untuk budidaya kekerangan. Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan merupakan kabupaten yang memiliki potensi kawasan budidaya laut terbesar yaitu: 2.114 km2 untuk budidaya rumput laut, 1.719 km2 untuk budidaya ikan dan 1.441 km2 untuk budidaya kekerangan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi data dasar perencanaan lebih lanjut untuk pengembangan budidaya laut di Provinsi Maluku Utara
市政道路沥青混凝土路面施工质量的控制技术分析
Authors: 蒋 欣
Published: September 2017

以沥青混凝土为路面的市政道路应用规模日益扩大，同时由于沥青混凝土原材料质量、拌合及运输、现场施工工艺的运用方面等因素影响着其施工质量及使用功能。
水库除险加固工程中非开挖技术的应用
Authors: 傅 海根
Published: September 2017

本文在简要分析非开挖技术的基础上，对非开挖技术在水库除险加固输水涵管重建工程中的有效应用策略进行具体探讨，并结合实例分析了非开挖技术的应用效果，希望能为水库建设质量的提升予以参考。
水闸结构设计相关问题探讨
Authors: 王 正新 , 郑 森文
Published: September 2017

水闸在水利工程建设中的使用非常普遍。针对水闸的构成、特点、水闸设计的选址、水闸设计工作中的注意事项、水闸设计中消能防冲设计等方面进行分析探讨，以供参考。
Lessons Learned From a Collaborative Approach to Research and Mentorship for Minority-Serving Institutions
Authors: Rosen-Reynoso Myra , Kwan Ngai , Blackburn Nerlie , Sotnik Paula , Manyibe Edward O. , Moore Corey L.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To describe the experience of implementing a collaborative model for research mentorship across various minority-serving institutions, specifically, historically Black colleges/universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs), and American Indian tribal colleges/universities (AITCUs). Methods: The peer-to-peer mentor research team model (PPMRTM) simultaneously provides peer-to-peer mentoring and traditional mentoring through a panel of mentors. Components of the model will be detailed and examples of success and challenges are presented. Results: Several key practices such as nontraditional mentoring and instruction, combining resources, and committing to using best practices emerged as important factors contributing to successful research collaboration. Conclusions: The findings can have implications for other interinstitutional collaborations.
Traitement Des Phosphates Naturels De Tahoua (Niger) Par Quelques Acides Conventionnels
Authors: Sani Ousmane Mahamane , Adamou Zanguina , Ibrahim Natatou
Published: September 2017

Within the framework of upgrading natural phosphate of Tahoua, a study was carried out on the dissolution of ore by inorganic acid (sulfuric acid, nitric acid) and organic acid (citric acid) solutions according to pH and attack time. The obtained results show a sudden drop of dissolution rate at pH above 2 and a dissolution almost zero beyond pH 4. The kinetic study shows fast dissolution of ore one hour after the attack. However, this dissolution is slow beyond one hour with few dissolved phosphorus during a relatively high period of time. Furthermore, the sulfuric acid solutions dissolve the ore better than those of citric and nitric acid: 41.07%; 37.03% and 35.64% of dissolved phosphorus respectively for sulfuric, citric and nitric acid solutions at the concentration of 1mol/L.
Epidemiology of Fractures in a Tropical Country
Authors: Chigblo Pascal , Lawson Éric , Tidjani Iréti Fiacre , Padonou Adébola , Nezien Christian Térance , Goukodadja Oswald , Madougou Soumaïla , Akue Aristote Hans-Moevi
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The increasing number of vehicles and the proliferation of two-wheeled vehicles accentuate the frequency of fractures in our country. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of fractures in Cotonou. Materials and Methods: This prospective two-year study focused on all patients admitted to the emergency department of the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou for a fracture injury. Results: 1794 fractures were collected in 1432 patients. Fractures accounted for 24.9% of surgical emergencies. The average age was 33.7 years (29 days - 90 years). The dominance was male with a sex ratio of 3.62. Etiological circumstances were dominated by road traffic accidents (75.8%), The etiological circumstances were dominated by road accidents (75.8%), motorcyclists being the most affected (48.5%). The admission average was 27.33 hours (15 minutes - 29 days). Fractures preferentially sat on the lower limbs (64.4%). In descending order of frequency, were distinguished the fractures of leg (32.2%), of the femur (19.8%) and of the forearm (14.8%). Conclusion: fractures are common. The etiologies are dominated by traffic accident. The lesions predominate in the lower limb. The establishment of good road safety policy (improving track conditions, extension of the highway code ...) would reduce their frequency.
Effets De L’incorporation Du Son De Maïs A Différents Doses Sur Les Performances De Croissance Des Lapereaux Et La Rentabilité De L’élevage
Authors: Chlodulfe Tchibozo Sélidji Vital , Hippolyte Dossa Luc , Fédéric Houndonougbo , Ivan Koura Bossima , Marcel Houinato Benjamin
Published: September 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of rabbits fed with rations containing corn bran at different levels of incorporation. Three rations, R5, R11 and R16, were formulated with incorporation rates of corn bran of 5.5%, 11% and 16.5%, respectively. Ninety young rabbits of 5 weeks of age were used for the experiments. The fattening study lasted 8 weeks and that of digestibility lasted for 1 week. The findings showed that the ration with 5.5% maize bran showed the best growth performances (18 g/d) with the highest digestibility values of dry matter (67%) and cellulose (97%). The ration with 16.5% corn bran yields 17 g / d with a better digestibility of the crude protein (97%) and the highest efficiency index (2.40). The ration with 11% maize bran is the most expensive (1395 Fcfa/kg) and has intermediate characteristics to that of the other two. The ration R could be used by rabbit farmers in urban and peri-urban areas to improve animal zootechnical performances. Future studies should be focused on the digestive use of different nutrients in rabbits through an in vivo study.
Inventaire Et Gestion Des Plantes Médicinales Dans Quatre Localités Du Niger
Authors: Mounkaila Soumaila , Soukaradji Barmo , Morou Boube , Karim Saley , Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou , Mahamane Ali , Ikhiri Kalid , Saadou Mahamane
Published: September 2017

Objective: the present study, aims to list medicinal plants, and gathering the maximum of information concerning the therapeutic uses practised by the population and finally to determine the impact of the takings of the various organs on the survival of plants. Methodology and results: An ethnobotanic survey was driven in four municipalities in Niger, to list healing plants used by the populations. The study showed that 111 species being of 84 kinds and 48 families are used in the traditional pharmacopoeia. The main listed families are Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anarcadiaaceae and Rubiaceae, with respectively, 10, 7, 7, 6, 5 and 4 species. For fragments, the most used organs are sheets, barks and roots. The results of the study also show that the majority of remedies are prepared in form of decoction. The taking of organs especially roots are not without consequence for the survival of the medicinal plants according to the local population. Conclusion and research application: These results can be used for scientific research in phytochemistry and in pharmacology to go towards the development of improved traditional medicine.
Estrés, Sobrecarga Y Ansiedad En Cuidadoras Primarias De Niños Que Padecen Leucemia En Hidalgo
Authors: Ríos Karla Salinas , Martínez Rodolfo de Jesús Acevedo , Arreola Arturo Del Castillo , Saldaña Rebeca María Elena Guzmán , Sánchez José Esael Pineda
Published: September 2017

Leukemia is the type of cancer that occurs more in children and teenagers. The chronic-degenerative nature of the disease makes that the minors need someone responsible for their care known as informal primary caregiver. Generally, the primary caregiver role, who attends all the patient needs, it’s acquired by the father or mother of the minor. The demands of that labor can bring negative physiological and psychosocial consequences. Objective: to determine the relationship and the difference by sex and disease phase of the minor in the levels of stress, burden and anxiety of primary caregivers of boys and girls with leukemia in Hidalgo. Method: through a non-probability sampling of volunteers subjects were selected N = 50 female primary caregivers. To measure the variables they were used the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: showed positive and statistically significant correlations between anxiety-burden and stress-anxiety. It also found that the caregivers of boys have higher levels of anxiety than caregivers of girls and caregivers of patients in active phase of the disease have higher burden compared with caregivers of patients in remission phase. Conclusion: there are some high levels of stress, burden and anxiety in caregivers. There exists correlation between anxiety-stress and burdenanxiety. The caregivers of boys have more anxiety. The caregivers of children in active phase of the disease present more burden.
Maximizing grower return on investment in soybean aphid management
Authors: Hamel Will , Werts Peter , Green Thomas
Published: September 2017

After 16 years of soybean aphids in the United States, IPM tactics including scouting, thresholds, and conservation of beneficial insects have proven to be the best long‐term approach to prevent economic loss. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/511
SECERCAH PANDANG MENGUNGKAP KASUS NIKAH SIRRI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhajarah Kurnia
Published: September 2017

Salah satu bentuk pelecehan terhadap perempuan yang dapat menghilangkan hak-haknya adalah nikah sirri, yakni melaksanakan pernikahan rahasia. Bahkan tidak jarang terjadi lahir hubungan seks di luar pernikahan dengan dalih nikah sirri. Inilah yang kemudian me­lahir­kan istilah lelaki dan perempuan piaraan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan me­nunjuk­kan bahwa beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi pergeseran makna suci pernikahan. Fenomena ini ditandai dengan maraknya prosesi nikah sirri atau nikah di bawah tangan. Ada berbagai pendapat di kalangan ulama mengenai halal tidaknya nikah sirri ini. Sebagian ulama menilai pernikahan sirri dihalalkan asal memenuhi syarat dan rukun nikah oleh negara. Nikah sirri selain berpotensi menimbulkan fitnah, juga secara hukum sangat merugikan kaum wanita. Meski "sah" menurut agama, namun pernikahan sirri  tidak barakah (berkah) dan luput dari perlindungan hukum perkawinan. Dengan buku nikah menjadi bukti pernikahan yang dilakukan telah dicatat oleh negara. Suami dan isteri mempunyai hak yang sama dalam hukum per­kawinan. 
PERSELINGKUHAN SUAMI TERHADAP ISTRI DAN UPAYA PENANGANANNYA
Authors: Muhajarah Kurnia
Published: September 2017

Perselingkuhan pada umumnya banyak terjadi pada anggota keluarga yang kurang memiliki kualitas keagamaan yang mantap, lemahnya dasar cinta, komunikasi yang kurang lancar dan harmonis, sikap egois dari masing-masing, emosi yang kurang stabil, dan kurang mampu mem­­buat penyesuaian diri. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa pro­blematika per­selingkuhan suami terhadap istri adalah bahwa perselingkuhan dapat menjadi sumber stres yang luar biasa. Ke­gagalan pasangan untuk saling menyesuaikan diri dan memecahkan masalah-masalah secara efektif dapat memicu konflik yang ber­kepanjangan. Dari keseluruhan proble­matika perselingkuhan, pro­blematika yang paling utama dari perselingkuhan adalah per­ceraian, karena perselingkuhan merupakan salah satu masalah putus­nya perkawinan. Upaya penanganan per­selingkuhan antara lain adalah mengawasi pergaulan suami atau istri, berupaya sekuat tenaga menciptakan suasana rumah tangga yang har­monis, berupaya mem­beri contoh yang baik, membangun ling­kung­­an yang kondusif, me­ningkatkan kualitas nilai-nilai keagama­an, landasan cinta yang kokoh, mewujudkan komunikasi secara transparan dan har­monis, meningkat­kan kekuatan dan ketahanan diri yang dilandasi de­ngan konsep diri dan rasa percaya diri secara mantap, mengembangkan kontak sosial secara baik dan sehat, bergaul dengan orang baik. 
KESETARAAN LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DALAM HUKUM PERKAWINAN ISLAM
Authors: Harahap Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo
Published: September 2017

Perkawinan merupakan sebuah kontrak antara dua orang pasang­an yang terdiri dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang per­empuan dalam posisi yang setara. Seorang perempuan se­bagai pihak yang sederajat dengan laki-laki dapat menetap­kan syarat-syarat yang diinginkan sebagaimana juga laki-laki. Per­kawinan secara mendasar berarti melibatkan diri dengan pem­bicaraan mengenai kasih sayang (mawaddah wa rahmah), dan hal inilah yang me­rupa­kan pokok pondasi suatu per­kawinan. Dengan demikian hubungan antara suami dan isteri adalah hubungan horizontal bukan hubungan vertikal, sehingga tidak terdapat kondisi yang mendominasi dan didominasi. Semua pihak setara dan sederajat untuk saling bekerja sama dalam se­buah ikatan cinta dan kasih sayang. Permasalahan perkawinan seringkali menjadi pemicu muncul­nya isu ketidaksetaraan dalam keluarga, padahal sejatinya Islam membawa norma-norma yang mendukung terciptanya suasana damai, sejahtera, adil dan setara dalam keluarga. Untuk men­jawab berbagai berbagai pertanyaan seputar ke­duduk­an laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hukum perkawinan Islam, tulisan ini akan mengungkapkan tentang berbagai ke­setaraan dalam hukum per­kawinan yang selayaknya dipahami agar tidak menimbulkan pandangan yang berat sebelah ter­hadap kelompok jender tertentu.
DARI DEPOK LAMA KE DEPOK BARU: Berjuang Menjadi Kota, 1970an – 1990an
Authors: Mudaryanti Tri Wahyuning
Published: September 2017

This research deals with the process of spatial development in the city of Depok, West Java and its relation to the government’s policy during 1970s – 1990s. Administratively, it has become a city which is separated from the capital Jakarta since 1999, but Depok is struggling to establish its own identity. In the beginning, Depok was designed to solve the urban problems of Jakarta. In the later period, Depok experienced a slow progress for new urban area. This is due to the government’s policy that continues to treat Depok as a supporting city of Jakarta. On the other hand, the presence of Universitas Indonesia in Depok fails to support the creation of an autonomous city of Depok.
ESTUDIO DE UN CATALIZADOR ÁCIDO MAGNÉTICO EN LA OBTENCIÓN DE FURFURAL A PARTIR DE LA DESHIDRATACIÓN DE XILOSA
Authors: Martínez Zambrano José Jobanny , Muñoz Prieto Efrén de Jesús , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso , Romanelli Gustavo Pablo
Published: September 2017

Se  estudiaron sólidos sulfonados (Al2O3-SO3H)  y  sulfonados magnéticos (Fe3O4-Al2O3-SO3H)  en la reacción de deshidratación de xilosa a furfural. Los catalizadores se caracterizaron por distintas técnicas como fisisorción de N2 a 77K, espectroscopia infrarroja FTIR y curvas de magnetización. Estos solidos mostraron una relación lineal entre el área superficial y la capacidad ácida mostrando una mejor dispersión de los grupos -SO3H en el sólido que no presenta carácter  magnético. Sin embargo, la presencia de las partículas magnéticas Fe3O4 permite una fácil separación del medio de reacción al aplicar un campo magnético externo, con rendimientos a furfural del 67% con el catalizador  Al2O3-SO3H  y del 11% con Fe3O4-Al2O3-SO3H.Palabras clave: furfural, xilosa, ácido, magnético, sulfónico