bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews and syntheses: guiding the evolution of the observing system for the carbon cycle through quantitative network design
Authors: Kaminski Thomas , Rayner Peter Julian
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Various observational data streams have been shown to provide valuable constraints on the state and evolution of the global carbon cycle. These observations have the potential to reduce uncertainties in past, current, and predicted natural and anthropogenic surface fluxes. In particular such observations provide independent information for verification of actions as requested by the Paris Agreement. It is, however, difficult to decide which variables to sample, and how, where, and when to sample them, in order to achieve an optimal use of the observational capabilities. Quantitative network design (QND) assesses the impact of a given set of existing or hypothetical observations in a modelling framework. QND has been used to optimise in situ networks and assess the benefit to be expected from planned space missions. This paper describes recent progress and highlights aspects that are not yet sufficiently addressed. It demonstrates the advantage of an integrated QND system that can simultaneously evaluate a multitude of observational data streams and assess their complementarity and redundancy.
Evaluation of five dry particle deposition parameterizations for incorporation into atmospheric transport models
Authors: Khan Tanvir R. , Perlinger Judith A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Despite considerable effort to develop mechanistic dry particle deposition parameterizations for atmospheric transport models, current knowledge has been inadequate to propose quantitative measures of the relative performance of available parameterizations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of five dry particle deposition parameterizations developed by Zhang et al. (2001) (Z01), Petroff and Zhang (2010) (PZ10), Kouznetsov and Sofiev (2012) (KS12), Zhang and He (2014) (ZH14), and Zhang and Shao (2014) (ZS14), respectively. The evaluation was performed in three dimensions: model ability to reproduce observed deposition velocities, Vd (accuracy); the influence of imprecision in input parameter values on the modeled Vd (uncertainty); and identification of the most influential parameter(s) (sensitivity). The accuracy of the modeled Vd was evaluated using observations obtained from five land use categories (LUCs): grass, coniferous and deciduous forests, natural water, and ice/snow. To ascertain the uncertainty in modeled Vd, and quantify the influence of imprecision in key model input parameters, a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was performed. The Sobol' sensitivity analysis was conducted with the objective to determine the parameter ranking from the most to the least influential. Comparing the normalized mean bias factors (indicators of accuracy), we find that the ZH14 parameterization is the most accurate for all LUCs except for coniferous forest, for which it is second most accurate. From Monte Carlo simulations, the estimated mean normalized uncertainties in the modeled Vd obtained for seven particle sizes (ranging from 0.005 to 2.5 µm) for the five LUCs are 17, 12, 13, 16, and 27 % for the Z01, PZ10, KS12, ZH14, and ZS14 parameterizations, respectively. From the Sobol' sensitivity results, we suggest that the parameter rankings vary by particle size and LUC for a given parameterization. Overall, for dp  =  0.001 to 1.0 µm, friction velocity was one of the three most influential parameters in all parameterizations. For giant particles (dp  =  10 µm), relative humidity was the most influential parameter. Because it is the least complex of the five parameterizations, and it has the greatest accuracy and least uncertainty, we propose that the ZH14 parameterization is currently superior for incorporation into atmospheric transport models.
Model simulations of potential contribution of the proposed Huangpu Gate to flood control in the Lake Taihu basin of China
Authors: Zhang Hanghui , Liu Shuguang , Ye Jianchun , Yeh Pat J.-F.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Lake Taihu basin (36 895 km2), one of the most developed regions in China located in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, has experienced increasing flood risk. The largest flood in history occurred in 1999 with a return period estimate of 200 years, considerably larger than the current capacity of the flood defense with a design return period of 50 years. Due to its flat saucer-like terrain, the capacity of the flood control system in this basin depends on flood control infrastructures and peripheral tidal conditions. The Huangpu River, an important river of the basin connecting Lake Taihu upstream and Yangtze River estuaries downstream, drains two-fifths of the entire basin. Since the water level in the Huangpu River is significantly affected by the high tide conditions in estuaries, constructing an estuary gate is considered an effective solution for flood mitigation. The main objective of this paper is to assess the potential contributions of the proposed Huangpu Gate to the flood control capacity of the basin. To achieve this goal, five different scenarios of flooding conditions and the associated gate operations are considered by using numerical model simulations. Results of quantitative analyses show that the Huangpu Gate is effective for evacuating floodwaters. It can help to reduce both peak values and duration of high water levels in Lake Taihu to benefit surrounding areas along the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River. The contribution of the gate to the flood control capacity is closely associated with its operation modes and duration. For the maximum potential contribution of the gate, the net outflow at the proposed site is increased by 52 %. The daily peak level is decreased by a maximum of 0.12 m in Lake Taihu, by maxima of 0.26–0.37 and 0.46–0.60 m in the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River, respectively, and by 0.05–0.39 m in the surrounding areas depending on the local topography. It is concluded that the proposed Huangpu Gate can reduce flood risk in the Lake Taihu basin, especially in those low-lying surrounding areas along the Taipu Canal and the Huangpu River significantly, which is of great benefit to the flood management in the basin and the Yangtze River Delta.
Regional rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence using a centenary database
Authors: Vaz Teresa , Zêzere José Luís , Pereira Susana , Oliveira Sérgio C. , Garcia Ricardo A. C. , Quaresma Ivânia
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This work proposes a comprehensive methodology to assess rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation, using a centenary landslide database associated with a single centenary daily rainfall dataset. The methodology is applied to the Lisbon region and include the rainfall return period analysis that was used to identify the critical rainfall combination (quantity-duration) related to each landslide event. The spatial representativeness of the reference rain gauge is evaluated and the rainfall thresholds is assessed and validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics. Results show that landslide events located up to 10 km from the rain gauge can be used to calculate the rainfall thresholds in the study area; however, such thresholds may be used with acceptable confidence up to 50 km distance from the rain gauge. The obtained rainfall thresholds using linear and potential regression have a good performance in ROC metrics. However, the intermediate thresholds based on the probability of landslide events, established in the zone between the lower limit threshold and the upper limit threshold are much more informative as they indicate the probability of landslide event occurrence given rainfall exceeding the threshold. This information can be easily included in landslide early warning systems, especially when combined with the probability of rainfall above each threshold.
A new Digital Elevation Model of Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 altimetry
Authors: Slater Thomas , Shepherd Andrew , McMillan Malcolm , Muir Alan , Gilbert Lin , Hogg Anna E. , Konrad Hannes , Parrinello Tommaso
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We present a new Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Antarctic ice sheet and ice shelves based on 2.5 × 108 observations recorded by the CryoSat-2 satellite radar altimeter between July 2010 and July 2016. The DEM is formed from spatio-temporal fits to elevation measurements accumulated within 1, 2 and 5 km grid cells, and is posted at the modal resolution of 1 km. Altogether, 94 % of the grounded ice sheet and 98 % of the floating ice shelves are observed, and the remaining grid cells North of 88° S are interpolated using ordinary kriging. The median and root mean square difference between the DEM and 2.3 × 107 airborne laser altimeter measurements acquired during NASA Operation IceBridge campaigns are −0.30 m and 13.50 m, respectively. The DEM uncertainty rises in regions of high slope – especially where elevation measurements were acquired in Low Resolution Mode – and, taking this into account, we estimate the average accuracy to be 9.5 m – a value that is comparable to or better than that of other models derived from satellite radar and laser altimetry.
Changing the Conversation: How Developing Countries Handle the International Media during Disasters, Conflicts, and Tourism Crises
Authors: Avraham Eli
Published: October 2017

World leaders, especially those of developing countries, tend to be concerned with their country's media image during conflicts and disasters. These leaders often believe that a negative media image can lead to a tourism crisis and loss of international standing. Using qualitative content analysis, press interviews with officials, and examinations of media policy, this study aims to uncover the strategies used to handle the international media and to affect nations' media representations during and following tourism crises. The “multistep model for altering place image” is the central theoretical framework. The study's analysis illustrates the use of seven strategies by the governments of developing countries: buying news space, developing media relations, raising general and specific complaints about the media, applying economic and physical threats, blocking media access, and using testimonies and the Internet.
A ocupação do espaço e a transformação do território: um estudo sobre a posse de terras em Sant’Ana de Paranaíba (MT) no século XIX
Authors: Camargo Isabel Camilo de , Lopes Batista Ricardo
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a posse de terras em Sant’Ana de Paranaíba no século XIX, a partir de inventários post-mortem e contratos de compra e venda; documentos existentes no Arquivo do Tribunal de Justiça de Mato Grosso do Sul sediado em Campo Grande. O texto se articula com os conceitos geográficos de espaço e território para melhor compreender a ocupação dessa localidade. Na análise espacial reconhecemos que as características espaciais foram levadas em conta no processo de escolha das propriedades, sendo as áreas localizadas próximas aos recursos hídricos, demonstrando que o espaço não é apenas o local onde as interações sociais ocorrem, é mais do que isso, ele é ao mesmo tempo determinante e possibilitador de novas relações.
As vozes do indianismo em Il Guarany
Authors: Alves dos Santos Paulo Roberto , De Lima Santiago Figueiredo Denise , Siega Paula Regina
Published: October 2017

O romantismo no Brasil deve ser visto como um movimento inseparável do esforço para a criação de um país e suas instituições que, em todas as formas de expressão cultural, transformou o indígena em símbolo da nação. A partir desta perspectiva, o presente artigo analisa a recepção criativa que Carlos Gomes deu ao romance O Guarani (1857), de José de Alencar, por meio da ópera Il Guarany (1870). Para tanto, o eixo da análise destaca a importância da composição vocal para a recriação das características psicológicas das personagens, o que permite observar o empenho do compositor para se afastar o mínimo possível dos traços definidos pelo romancista e com isso garantir a preservação de vínculos entre a literatura e a ópera, enquanto por outro lado respeita as peculiaridades das respectivas linguagens.
Música e ritual na Missa Santo Ignácio de Domenico Zipoli
Authors: Ormezzano Graciela
Published: October 2017

Esta pesquisa buscou interpretar a Missa Santo Ignácio na tentativa de tentar compreender os símbolos, arquétipos e mitos que povoaram o imaginário de Domenico Zipoli que atuou na Província Jesuítica do Paraguai. Optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica que usou fontes primárias embasadas na documentação publicada e na interpretação da obra pelo Ensamble Moxos. A abordagem escolhida para a investigação é de cunho hermenêutico simbólico, pautada pela transdisciplinaridade, incrementando aos estudos descritivos do método histórico-antropológico uma narrativa simbólica, na tentativa de articular o plano histórico com o não histórico, trazendo à escrita historiográfica uma amplitude epistemológica que discutiu os achados, sobretudo, à luz da teoria do imaginário de Gilbert Durand. Assim, o texto trata da missa como ritual do sacrifício e como gênero de composição musical criado concebido para uso litúrgico, que se divide em quatro partes: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo e Sanctus.
Assessment of the Sustainability of Countries at Worldwide
Authors: Dias Janaina M. de A. , Salgado Eduardo G. , Barbosa Sandro , Alvarenga Augusto D. , Lira Jean M. S.
Published: October 2017

For the quantification and ranking of sustainablility reliable indicators are needed in the economic, social and environmental areas. For this, decision-making methods have been used to identify and rank the most important indicators. However, it is important to know which method to use, since this choice can modify the result. Therefore, two methods of multi-criteria decision making were evaluated: Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and TOPSIS with Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP). It was observed a difference between the methods tested, where the TOPSIS-AHP method presented better performance as a function of the weights assigned by the specialists. The research results demonstrated which countries have a more balanced sustainable development in environmental, social and economic levels together. In this case, the three most sustainable countries are Switzerland, Sweden and Norway. Additionally this research shows which countries are more sustainable taking into account each indicator separately. It is expected that the results provide a basis in decision-making and it contribute to the best choices in all aspects of sustainability.
Evaluering af naturfaglige kompetencer
Authors: Dolin Jens , Nielsen Jan Alexis , Tidemand Sofie
Published: October 2017

Artiklen skitserer kort de sidste 40-50 års udvikling i naturfagene op til det nuværende fokus på undersøgelsesbaseret undervisning og udvikling af kompetencer. Den påpeger hvorledes mange traditionelle evalueringsformer, især brugt ved eksamen, ikke er i stand til at indfange de ønskede kompetencer, hvorfor de har svært ved at slå igennem i den daglige undervisning. Med udgangspunkt i en model af sammenhængene mellem formativ og summativ brug af evaluering argumenteres for nødvendigheden af større alignment mellem naturfagenes formål, pædagogik og evalueringsformer. Artiklen giver eksempler fra en række danske og internationale forskningsprojekter på udvikling og implementering af evalueringsformer, der kan indfange de nye læringsmål og som brugt formativt kan fremme deres læring. Den viser hvilke muligheder og udfordringer de rummer for lærere, og hvorledes en meget struktureret brug af evalueringer kan risikere at elevmotivationen forskydes fra en mestringsorientering hen mod en præstationsorientering. Afslutningsvis bliver der peget på forskellige måder til at håndtere modsætningerne mellem en formativ og en summativ brug af evalueringer. Dels gennem tiltag, der mindsker karakterpresset i skolen, og dels gennem udvikling af nye eksamensformer, der er i bedre overensstemmelse med en kompetenceorienteret undervisning.Nøgleord: kompetencer, evaluering, naturfag, motivation, karakterer Assessment of science competencesAbstractThe article briefly outlines the past 40-50 years of development in science education up to the current focus on inquiry-based teaching and competence development. It points out how many traditional forms of assessment, especially used for examinations, are unable to capture the desired competences, which makes them difficult to realize in daily teaching.Based on a model of the relationships between formative and summative use of assessment, it is argued for the need for greater alignment between the goals in science subjects, teaching and assessment. The article provides examples from a number of Danish and international research projects on the development and implementation of assessment methods that can capture the new learning objectives and which used formatively can promote their learning. It demonstrates what opportunities and challenges they have for teachers, and how a highly structured use of assessment may risk shifting student motivation from a mastering orientation towards a performance orientation. In conclusion, different ways are identified to deal with the contradiction between a formative and a summative use of assessment. Partly through actions that reduce the level of pressure in school for high marks, and partly through the development of new forms of assessment that are in better accordance with a competence-oriented education.Keywords: competences, assessment, science education, motivation, grading
Acta Didactica Norge 2007 - 2017
Authors: Hvistendahl Rita Elisabeth , Hellekjær Glenn Ole , Vestøl Jon Magne
Published: October 2017

Acta Didactica Norge ble etablert som fritt tilgjengelig tidsskrift for fagdidaktikk og lærerutdanning på nivå 1 i 2007 etter initiativ fra Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.  Det var det første norske tidsskriftet som tok i bruk tidsskrifts- og publiseringssystemet Open Journal Systems. I denne artikkelen trekkes det opp noen linjer i tidsskriftets tiårige historie fra etableringen i 2007 gjennom tre faser: oppstart, konsolidering og ekspansjon.  Tidsskriftet er i dag et tidsskrift på publiseringstjenesten FRITT – frie tidsskrifter fra UiO. Det tar verken abonnements- eller publiseringsavgift. Tidsskriftet har hatt en kraftig vekst i antall artikler fra starten til i dag, og et høyt antall nedlastinger tyder på at det når ut til en stor leserskare. Acta Didactica Norge 2007 - 2017AbstractIn 2007 Acta Didactica Norge, an open-access, level 1 journal for subject didactics and teacher education, was established at the initiative of the Department of Teacher Education and School Research, the University of Oslo.  It was the first Norwegian journal to use the Open Journal Systems for online journals. This article provides an overview of the first ten years, through the start-up, consolidation, and expansion phases. Today Acta Didactica Norge is one of Oslo University’s FRITT journals, which does not require subscription or publication fees.  FRITT is an Open Access journal publishing service hosted by the University Library. During the last ten years the journal has had a dramatic increase in submitted and published articles and a high number of downloads give evidence of a wide readership.
Determination of Total Steroid Saponins in Different Species of Paris Using FTIR Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Yang Yuangui , Jin Hang , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Yuanzhong
Published: October 2017

The saponins of Paris spp. have antimicrobial, immune-stimulating, and antitumor biological properties. In this investigation, FTIR and ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) were used for the determination of total steroid saponins in different species of Paris from Yunnan Province, China. A 52-sample calibration set and a 26-sample validation set for partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVMR) combined with FTIR and UHPLC were investigated. The optimal parameters C and γ were screened by a grid search with a sevenfold cross-validation. The results indicate that pretreatment with the combination of standard normal variate, second derivative, and orthogonal signal correction had the best performance. When comparing the SVMR and PLSR models, linear PLSR had better performance than nonlinear SVMR for the determination of total steroid saponins in different species of Paris. The highest total saponin content was found in P. axialis from Baoshan City (40.92 ± 9.06 mg/g). These results demonstrate that this approach would provide a fast and robust strategy for the QC of Paris in further analyses.
Estudo bibliométrico da produção científica sobre a associação de pais e amigos dos excepcionais
Authors: Silva João Henrique da , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
Published: October 2017

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as produções científicas oriundas de teses e dissertações sobre a temática Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE). Trata-se de um estudo quali-quantitativo, de abordagem metodológica bibliométrica e de análise de conteúdo. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram desenvolvidos em três etapas que incluem a fase de preparação teórica e metodológica, de coleta e registro de dados, e de sistematização e análise dos resultados. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria da produção acadêmica foi realizada no mestrado, entre os anos de 2008 a 2011, e por pessoas do sexo feminino. Foram localizados 29 instituições de ensino entre os 75 trabalhos, os quais concentram-se na região sudeste e sul do país. Constatou-se também que os estudos estão direcionados para o campo de conhecimento da Saúde e Educação. A produção acadêmica analisada apresenta diferentes temáticas relacionadas à educação, bem como objetivos, tipos de estudo e resultados obtidos. Portanto, a pesquisa contribui para discutir sobre o papel das unidades apaeanas na oferta de serviço de apoio complementar ou substitutivo à educação, em vista da qualidade de ensino e efetivação dos direitos.
“Mamãe é down”: a sexualidade da pessoa com deficiência na trama discursiva da Revista Época
Authors: Oliveira Ana Flávia Teodoro de Mendonça , Araújo Clarissa Martins de
Published: October 2017

Este artigo analisa um artefato cultural midiático que produz narrativas sobre a pessoa com deficiência e sua sexualidade, como observado na reportagem Mamãe é Down, produzida pela revista Época. Com base na perspectiva pós-estruturalista dos Estudos Culturais e nos estudos foucaultianos, o objetivo é analisar a representação cultural da deficiência e identificar os estereótipos e as essencializações existentes no discurso sobre esses sujeitos. Os resultados indicam que as narrativas sobre a deficiência se articulam com um aparato conceitual, advindo de um saber médico, constituindo uma ideia de deficiência intimamente relacionada à questão biológica. Assim, apresentam-se as causas, o diagnóstico e os possíveis tratamentos oferecidos a esses sujeitos.  Nesse jogo de forças, se por um lado os discursos produzem a ideia de uma sexualidade atrelada aos aspectos biológicos, por outro, produzem também a representação cultural de que as pessoas com deficiência podem usufruir de sua sexualidade, de uma vida a dois e da experiência da maternidade.
Ballet by Giedrius Kuprevičius “Čiurlionis”. The role of imagination in forming cultural memory
Authors: Gaidamavičiūtė Rūta
Published: October 2017

The goal of the article is to present the ballet “Čiurlionis” by Giedrius Kuprevičius as a memorialistic work of art, in which creative motifs of M. K. Čiurlionis are widely employed by meansof intertextuality. Attempts are made to reveal the composer’s purposeful efforts, which he took to disclose the creator’s inner drama. Studying the chosen way of composing, efforts are taken to pay attention to the aspects of historicity and imagination. The chosen way of composing can be defined as intermediate between historicity (authentic material of his biography and creative work) and artistic fiction when imagination is directed to reveal the chosen aspect of the personality.
Approaches to Language and the Law – Some Introductory Notes
Authors: Engberg Jan , Kjær Anne Lise
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Cultures in Dialogue. Institutional and Individual Challenges for EU Institutions and EU Citizens from the Perspective of Legal Linguistics
Authors: Luttermann Karin
Published: October 2017

In the European Union, numerous cultures have entered into dialogue. Currently, there are 23 ofﬁcial languages (EU languages) and therefore 506 possible language combinations for translation. This makes demands on the EU institutions and on EU citizens as well. Linguistic divergence makes legal certainty a rather shaky matter. There are also divergences from the EU linguistic regime regarding the ofﬁcial and the working languages. For reasons of efﬁciency, the institutions of the Union communicate internally in merely a small number of working languages, for the most part without any basis for this in the Rules of Procedure. The Court of Justice of the European Union traditionally uses French. All documents are translated from the language of the case into the working language. Although the decision, formulated in French, is re-translated into the language of the case, this translated version is classiﬁed as the original version and not as a translation. This is of importance for the status of authenticity because the decision only has full legal effect in the language of the case.Traditional language models favour a reduction of the EU languages. Their representatives argue either with regard to the practice of the use of three languages in the EU institutions, or they advocate English as a global language, or they call for neutral languages. In contrast, the European Reference Language Model, which is developed along the lines of legal linguistics, suggests a concept of reference and native languages. It would lead to a reduction in the translation load in Brussels and Luxembourg. But ﬁrst and foremost, it would be able to improve the linguistic quality of legal documents (e.g., directives, regulations) and therefore also their application to legal practice (e.g. legal certainty, comprehensibility of legal texts). At the same time, the model respects the dignity of each EU Member State in the form of its language.
Magnetic Susceptibility Study of Sub‐Pico‐emu Sample Using a Micromagnetometer: An Investigation through Bistable Spin‐Crossover Materials
Authors: Kamara Souleymane , Tran Quang‐Hung , Davesne Vincent , Félix Gautier , Salmon Lionel , Kim Kunwoo , Kim CheolGi , Bousseksou Azzedine , Terki Ferial
Published: October 2017

A promising and original method to study the spin‐transition in bistable spin‐crossover (SCO) materials using a magnetoresistive multiring sensor and its self‐generated magnetic field is reported. Qualitative and quantitative studies are carried out combining theoretical and experimental approaches. The results show that only a small part of matter dropped on the sensor surface is probed by the device. At a low bias‐current range, the number of detected nanoparticles depends on the amplitude of the current. However, in agreement with the theoretical model, the stray voltage from the particles is proportional to the current squared. By changing both the bias current and the concentration of particle droplet, the thermal hysteresis of an ultrasmall volume, 1 × 10−4 mm3, of SCO particles is measured. The local probe of the experimental setup allows a highest resolution of 4 × 10−14 emu to be reached, which is never achieved by experimental methods at room temperature.
Granular Nanostructure: A Facile Biomimetic Strategy for the Design of Supertough Polymeric Materials with High Ductility and Strength
Authors: Song Pingan , Xu Zhiguang , Dargusch Matthew S. , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Wang Hao , Guo Qipeng
Published: October 2017

The realization of high strength, large ductility, and great toughness for polymeric materials is a vital factor for practical applications in industry. Unfortunately, until now this remains a huge challenge due to the common opposing trends that exist when promoting improvements in these properties using materials design strategies. In the natural world, the cuticle of mussel byssus exhibits a breaking strain as high as 100%, which is revealed to arise from an architectural granular microphase‐separated structure within the protein matrix. Herein, a facile biomimetic designed granular nanostructured polymer film is reported. Such biomimetic nanostructured polymer films show a world‐record toughness of 122 (± 6.1) J g−1 as compared with other polyvinyl alcohol films, with a breaking strain as high as 205% and a high tensile strength of 91.2 MPa, which is much superior to those of most engineering plastics. This portfolio of outstanding properties can be attributed to the unique nanoscale granular phase‐separated structure of this material. These biomimetic designed polymer films are expected to find promising applications in tissue engineering and biomaterials fields, such as artificial skin and tendon, which opens up an innovative methodology for the design of robust polymer materials for a range of innovative future applications.
Influence of Dopant Concentration and Steric Bulk on Interlayer Diffusion in OLEDs
Authors: McEwan Jake A. , Clulow Andrew J. , Nelson Andrew , Wang Renjie , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R.
Published: October 2017

The performance of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) can change when they are subjected to thermal stress after manufacture. The effect of heat on OLED film stacks is studied, in which the emissive layer (EML) comprises either a phosphorescent iridium(III) dopant blended in a host at different concentrations or materials with alkyl substituents to increase the steric bulk of the host and/or dopant. Neutron reflectometry with in situ photoluminescence measurements shows that interdiffusion between the emissive and hole transport layers within the films occurs on thermal annealing. Interdiffusion occurs independent of dopant concentration or steric bulk of the EML components. Importantly, when held at relatively low temperatures, the EML materials are found to only partially diffuse into an adjacent charge transport layer. The movement of materials is found to correlate with the change in luminescence from the hole transport material and an initial enhancement of the emission from the iridium(III) dopant. The results provide an explanation for the burn‐in often observed for OLEDs as well as the need to change the driving characteristics over time to ensure that pixels can be held at the requisite brightness.
Utilizing Waste Cable Wires for High‐Performance Fiber‐Based Hybrid Supercapacitors: An Effective Approach to Electronic‐Waste Management
Authors: Nagaraju Goli , Sekhar S. Chandra , Yu Jae Su
Published: October 2017

In recent years, electronic waste (e‐waste) such as old cable wires, fans, circuit boards, etc., can be often seen in large piles of leftover in dumping yards. Employing these e‐waste sources for energy storage devices not only increases the economic value but also decreases the reliance on fossil fuels. In this context, waste cable wires are utilized to obtain precious copper (Cu) fibers and used as a cost‐effective current collector for the fabrication of fiber‐based hybrid supercapacitor (FHSC). With the braided Cu fibers, forest‐like nickel oxide nanosheet grafted carbon nanotube coupled copper oxide nanowire arrays (NiO NSs@CNTs@CuO NWAs/Cu fibers) are designed via simple wet‐chemical approaches. As a battery‐type material, the forest‐like NiO NSs@CNTs@CuO NWAs/Cu fiber electrode shows superior electrochemical properties including high specific capacity (230.48 mA h g−1) and cycling stability (82.72%) in aqueous alkaline electrolyte. Moreover, a solid‐state FHSC is also fabricated using forest‐like NiO NSs@CNTs@CuO NWAs/Cu fibers as a positive electrode and activated carbon coated carbon fibers as a negative electrode with a gel electrolyte, which also shows a higher energy and power densities of 26.32 W h kg−1 and 1218.33 W kg−1, respectively. The flexible FHSC is further employed as an energy source for various electronic gadgets, demonstrating its suitability for wearable applications.
In vitro curcumin delivery and antibacterial activity of RuS2 and RuO2 nanoparticles loaded chitosan biopolymer
Authors: Kheirandish Shadi , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Dashtian Kheibar , Pourebrahim Faezeh , Jannesar Ramin , Pezeshkpour Vahid
Published: October 2017

In this work, RuS2 and RuO2 nanoparticles loaded chitosan (Chitosan was extracted from Lobsters shells of Persian Gulf, IR. Iran) was prepared and characterized via FE‐SEM, EDS and FT‐IR analysis. FESEM showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles in size ranging of 20 to 100 mm. Subsequently, the role of these new materials as curcumin drug carrier and in vitro release of curcumin in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution (pH 7.4) were studied. RuS2‐NPs‐CS than to RuO2‐NPs‐CS showed higher drug loading efficiency (>91%) and rapid (<90 min) curcumin drug release in SBF solution. Also, antibacterial activity of RuS2‐NPs‐CS and RuO2‐NPs‐CS in presens and absence of Rosemary extracts against the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO 1) was evaluated by detection of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). MIC of RuS2‐NPs‐CS, RuO2‐NPs‐CS and Rosemary extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were found to be 50 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 1250 mg/ml, respectively. The synergistic effect of these materials for inhibition of PAO 1 growth showed that mixture of RuS2‐NPs‐CS and Rosemary extracts has a better efficiency than to other mixture materials.
Microporous assembly and shape control of a new Zn metal–organic framework: Morphology‐dependent catalytic performance
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Han Yuqing , Xu Haitao , Xu Zhen‐Liang
Published: October 2017

A new metal–organic framework (MOF), [Zn(ATA)(bpd)]∝ (1Zn) (ATA: 2‐aminoterephthalic acid; bpd: 1,4‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene), exhibiting a three‐dimensional extended porous structure was successfully assembled in a MeOH–H2O solvent system. Under various controlled conditions, 1Zn was obtained in a variety of morphologies such as microspheres, microblocks, microsheets, microplates and microrods. The catalytic performance of the 1Zn microsized MOF was evaluated, and a possible catalytic mechanism was proposed. The flexibility of this MOF assembly strategy for shape control will certainly enhance new potential applications of micro−/nano−MOFs.
Facile Nanostructured Composite Synthesis of Selenium and Molybdenum Chalcogenides/Carbon Nanotubes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bose Ranjith , Kim Jaemin , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Koh Beomsoo , Go Nakgyu , Mun Junyoung , Yi Sung Chul
Published: October 2017

For lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), MoS2, which has conversion reaction pathways that can accommodate lithium ions during charge, is a very special inorganic material that has a two‐dimensional planar structure similar to graphite. For reliable performance of high‐energy LIBs, Se–molybdenum chalcogenides with sulfide and selenide (Se–MC) were prepared via the incorporation of a carbon nanotube (CNT) conducting matrix to solve the crucial limitations of MoS2, which include poor electronic conductivity and severe volume changes during cycling. For the preparation of Se–MC/CNT, a facile, one‐pot synthetic method using molybdic acid, selenium dioxide, and thioacetamide, which are the precursors for molybdenum, selenide, and sulfide, respectively, and CNT was developed. A detailed investigation of the surfaces and crystal structures of the prepared samples was conducted using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, LIBs containing the Se–MC/CNT exhibited a significantly extended cycle life and an improved rate capability that revealed the synergetic effect of the CNTs and selenide for controlling the morphology.
DBT found effective for children with DMDD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2017

A randomized controlled trial has found that dialectical behavior therapy adapted for preadolescent children (DBT‐C) for the treatment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is feasible, and outcomes indicated preliminary efficacy. The irritability and behavior outbursts of DMDD are associated with severe impairment in childhood, and negative outcomes in adolescent and adult years. There are no established treatments for DMDD, so researchers looked at the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of DBT‐C.
Impact of subintimal plaque modification procedures on health status after unsuccessful chronic total occlusion angioplasty
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Grantham J. Aaron , Sapontis James , Cohen David J. , Marso Steven P. , Lombardi William , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Moses Jeffrey , Nicholson William J. , Pershad Ashish , Wyman R. Michael , Spaedy Anthony , Cook Stephen , Doshi Parag , Federici Robert , Nugent Karen , Gosch Kensey L. , Spertus John A. , Salisbury Adam C. ,   OPEN CTO Study Group
Published: October 2017

Objectives

We sought to determine the impact of subintimal plaque modification (SPM) on early health status following unsuccessful chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI.

Background

Intentionally dilating the subintimal space during unsuccessful CTO PCI to facilitate flow through dissection planes and improve success of repeat PCI attempts is a technique used by some hybrid operators, and may improve health status by restoring distal vessel flow despite unsuccessful CTO PCI.

Methods

We studied 138 patients who underwent unsuccessful CTO PCI in a 12‐center CTO PCI registry. Safety was assessed by comparing in‐hospital outcomes of patients undergoing unsuccessful CTO PCI with and without SPM. The association between SPM and health status was quantified using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire Summary Score (SAQ SS), and the association between SPM and SAQ SS was determined using multivariable regression.

Results

SPM was performed in 59 patients (42.8%). Complication rates were similar comparing those with and without SPM. At 1‐month, patients treated with SPM had larger increases in SAQ SS compared to patients who were not (28.3 ± 21.7 vs. 16.8 ±20.2, P = 0.012), and SPM was associated with an adjusted mean 10.5 point (95% CI 1.4–19.7, P = 0.02) greater SAQ SS improvement through 30 days.

Conclusion

SPM was performed in almost half of unsuccessful CTO PCIs and was not associated with increased procedural complications. SPM was independently associated with better patient‐reported health status at 30 days. Further studies are needed to assess the necessity of subsequent PCI in patients with significant health status improvements after SPM.
Clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus treated with Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: a subanalysis of the European Multicentre GHOST‐EURegistry
Authors: Capranzano Piera , Capodanno Davide , Brugaletta Salvatore , Latib Azeem , Mehilli Julinda , Nef Holger , Gori Tommaso , Lesiak Maciej , Geraci Salvatore , Pyxaras Stelios , Mattesini Alessio , Münzel Thomas , Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Caramanno Giuseppe , Naber Christoph , Di Mario Carlo , Sabatè Manel , Colombo Antonio , Wiebe Jens , Tamburino Corrado
Published: October 2017

Background

Data on the clinical performance of bioresorbable scaffolds in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are still limited. The present study reported 1‐year clinical outcomes associated with the use of everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (Absorb BVS; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) in DM patients.

Methods and Results

This was a subanalysis from the GHOST‐EU (Gauging coronary Healing with biOresorbable Scaffolding plaTforms in Europe) multicenter retrospective registry including patients treated with Absorb BVS between November 2011 and September 2014. In this study, a comparative analysis stratified according to DM was performed. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the combination of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction (MI) and clinically‐driven target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). A total of 1,477 patients were treated with 2,224 Absorb BVS; 381 (25.8%) and 1,096 (74.2%) patients were with and without DM, respectively. The 1‐year rate of TLF was higher among patients with DM (7.8%) than those without DM (4.3%); the increase in TLF was driven by TLR (6.5% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.009); no significant differences in cardiac death (1.1% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.68) and target‐vessel MI (3.1% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.38) were observed, respectively. Definite/probable scaffold thrombosis rate tended to be higher among patients with DM than those without DM (3.0% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.14, respectively).

Conclusions

Absorb BVS use in patients with DM was associated with increased 1‐year TLF and scaffold thrombosis compared with non‐diabetes patients.
Chemical‐Free Pest Control by Means of Dielectric Heating with Radio Waves: Selective Heating
Authors: Kraus Markus , Holzer Frank , Hoyer Christian , Trommler Ulf , Kopinke Frank-Dieter , Roland Ulf
Published: October 2017

Dielectric heating with radio waves (RW) and microwaves is an alternative treatment to hazardous chemicals or hot air for pest control. RW can be used to heat large bulky materials homogeneously and smoothly to eliminate embedded pest organisms. Dielectric heating enables selective overheating of certain materials in a heterogeneous mixture. This feature of electromagnetic heating methods, in contrast to techniques based on thermal conduction, is caused by significant differences in the dielectric properties of pest organisms and matrix materials. This study proves unambiguously that selective heating of cylindrical pest organisms in wood matrices occurs under defined conditions. The selective heating effect strongly depends on the orientation of the pest organisms in the electric field.
Dinuclear Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Compounds: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Phung Quan Manh , Domingo Alex , Pierloot Kristine
Published: October 2017

The structures and spin‐state energetics of two di‐iron(II) complexes based on thiadiazole and oxadiazole ligands in different crystals were studied by using density functional theory and second‐order perturbation theory based on the density matrix renormalization group approach (DMRG‐CASPT2). When taking into account all different contributions to the relative energy, our theoretical approach is capable of providing results that are in excellent agreement with established experimental data. In all cases, we correctly describe the ground state of the complexes as well as predict their spin‐crossover behavior. A comparison between the two complexes in the gas phase and in different crystals shows how the structures change by moving from the gas phase to different crystals and reveals a large impact of the crystal stabilization on the relative spin‐state energy. This theoretical work also demonstrates the applicability of the DMRG‐CASPT2 approach to quantitatively study the spin‐state energetics of multinuclear transition‐metal complexes.
Amphiphilic Polymer‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Enantioselective Recognition of Amino Acids in Immiscible Water and Organic Phases
Authors: Nian Shifeng , Pu Lin
Published: October 2017

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide was conducted in the presence of a 3,3′‐diformyl‐1,1′‐BINOL‐based diinitiator (BINOL=1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) to give polymer (S)‐7, which was soluble in both water and common organic solvents. Polymer (S)‐7 in combination with Zn2+ in aqueous solution (BICINE buffer at pH 8.80) showed highly enantioselective fluorescence enhancement in the presence of a number of amino acids. It was found that chloroform can be used to extract the aqueous polymer–Zn2+–amino acid solution and the resulting chloroform extract maintained the highly enantioselective fluorescence response. Thus, the enantiomeric composition of a chiral amino acid can be determined in the two immiscible solvents of water and chloroform. The aqueous polymer–Zn2+–amino acid solution showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34 °C, above which the polymer–Zn2+–amino acid adduct precipitated out. Measuring the fluorescence of the precipitate redissolved in the aqueous buffer solution showed the retention of the high enantioselectivity. Both the chloroform extraction and the thermo‐induced precipitation have allowed the fluorescence response of the sensor toward amino acids to be measured away from the original substrate solution. These two strategies should minimize the interference by other reaction components on the fluorescence measurement when the sensor is applied to analyze the asymmetric reaction screening experiments.
2‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐λ3‐Phosphinine: Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Reactivity
Authors: Habicht Marija H. , Wossidlo Friedrich , Bens Tobias , Pidko Evgeny A. , Müller Christian
Published: October 2017

The [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between 2‐pyrone and Me3Si−C≡P gives the corresponding 2‐(trimethylsilyl)‐λ3‐phosphinine in good yields as a rather air and moisture stable, colorless oil. Insight into the regioselectivity of the pericyclic reaction was obtained with the help of deuterium‐labeling experiments. The silyl‐phosphinine acts as a ligand for the preparation of a Cu(I) and the first crystallographically characterized phosphinine‐Ag(I) complex. The title compound was further used as a starting material for an alternative preparation of the parent phosphinine C5H5P by means of protodesilylation with HCl. C5H5P reacts with CuBr⋅S(CH3)2 to give an infinite Cu(I)Br coordination polymer. DFT calculations shed light on the influence of the ‐Si(CH3)3 group on the electronic properties of the aromatic phosphorus heterocycle.
Fault prognosis technology for non‐Gaussian and nonlinear processes based on KICA reconstruction
Authors: Ma Jie , Li Gang , Zhou Donghua
Published: October 2017

Fault prediction is desired when a fault is detected for an industrial process, which can greatly enhance the reliability and safety of the overall system. Since independent component analysis (ICA) has been successfully applied to monitor non‐Gaussian processes, it is promising to build a data‐driven prediction technology based on the ICA framework. This paper considers the fault prediction issue with a kernel independent components analysis (KICA) model to deal with both nonlinear and non‐Gaussian features from industrial data. First, the KICA model is used for fault detection and fault reconstruction, so that the magnitude of the fault can be estimated properly. Then, based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the fault magnitude sequence, a multi‐layer hierarchical prediction model is used to predict the trend of the fault. Finally, the effectiveness of this framework is verified on the Tennessee Eastman process.
Enhanced recovery and recycling of catalyst by post‐impregnation of γ‐Al2O3 with 12‐tungstophosphoric acid for esterification reaction
Authors: Nazari Pegah , Setayesh Shahrbanoo Rahman
Published: October 2017

12‐tungstophosphoric acid, polyoxometalate with Keggin structure, and γ‐Al2O3 were synthesized. Loading of 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) on γ‐Al2O3 was performed by the post‐impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, and DRS techniques. According to the pertinent observation, using the post‐impregnation method promises the stability of polyoxometalate Keggin structure after loading on γ‐Al2O3 support. The stability of 20 %HPW/Al2O3 was also confirmed by a leaching test. Textural characterization demonstrates that HPW on the γ‐Al2O3 had a much larger surface area as compared with the pure HPW. The 20 %HPW/Al2O3 exhibited roughly high activity toward an esterification reaction. The influence of various reaction parameters (% loading HPW on support, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst weight, and acid/alcohol molar ratio) on the catalytic performance was studied. The efficiency of catalytic activity for six cycles remains approximately constant, which confirms the enhanced recovery and recycling of the catalyst. The kinetics of the esterification reaction and the kinetic parameters such as rate constants and activation energy were determined (25.37 kJ/mol).