bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Frame Work for Reducing the Time for Image Retrieval with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: SELVAM S. , THABASUKANNAN S.
Published: June 2023

In recent years especially in the last decade, the rapid development in computers, storage media and digital image capturing devices enable to collect a large number of digital information and store them in computer readable formats. The large numbers of images has posed increasing challenges to computer systems to store and manage data effectively and effi ciently. Although this area has been explored for decade sand many researches have been done to develop some algorithms that solve some of its problems, no technique has achieved the accuracy of human visual perception indistinguishing images. Nowadays, virtually all domains of human life including commerce, government, academics, hospitals, crime prevention, surveillance, engineering and historical research use information as images, so the volume of digital data is increasing rapidly. These images and their data are categorized and stored on computers and the problem appears when retrieving these images from storage media. Thus CBIR from large resources has become an area of wide interest in recent years especially in the last decade. To retrieve any image, we have to search for it among the database using some search engine. Then, this search engine will retrieve many of images related to the searched one. The main problem fo r t he user is the difficulty of locating his relevant image in this large and varied collection of resulted images. To solve this problem, text-based and content-based are the two techniques adopted for search and retrieval.The main objective of this paper is to build more generalized CBIR system which increase the searching ability and provide more accurate results. To improve the retrieval accuracy the system has taken the feedback from the user automatically. Here we used WANG database to evaluate the performance of the new system by calculating the precision and recall metrics. We also compared the new system with other existing CBIR systems. The performance of the new architecture in terms of average precision, recall and retrieval time has been shown to perform good. From he experimental results, it is evident that the new system has beaten other existing systems in terms retrieval time.
Innovative Method of Software Testing Environment in Cloud Computing Technology
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Umamaheswari M.
Published: June 2023

Various information systems are widely used in information society era, and the demand for highly dependable system is increasing year after year. However, software testing for such a system becomes more difficult due to the enlargement and the complexity of the system. In particular, it is too difficult to test parallel and distributed systems sufficiently although dependable systems such as high-availability servers usually form parallel and distributed systems. To solve these problems, to propose a software testing environment for dependable parallel and distributed system using the cloud computing technology, named D-Cloud. D-Cloud includes Eucalyptus as the cloud management software, and FaultVM based on QEMU as the virtualization software, and D-Cloud frontend for interpreting test scenario. D-Cloud enables not only to automate the system configuration and the test procedure but also to perform a number of test cases simultaneously, and to emulate hardware faults flexibly. In this paper, present the concept and design of D-Cloud, and describe how to specify the system configuration and the test scenario. Furthermore, the preliminary test example as the software testing using D-Cloud was presented. Its result shows that D-Cloud allows to set up the environment easily, and to test the software testing for the distributed system.
A Warning Message Dissemination Scheme with User Privacy and Message Integrity for VANET
Authors: Balakrishnan Salini , Tripti C.
Published: June 2023

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless networks which are infrastructure-less in nature because of the highly mobile nodes (vehicles) in the network. Warning message dissemination can be considered as the primary application of VANET, where in alert messages need to be quickly as well as smartly disseminated in the network to make it available for a large number of vehicles. A scheme  will  be  effective once it reaches to maximum number ofvehicles with minimum overhead and delay, for attaining the same a broadcast scheme is familiarized in this paper along with user privacy and message integrity. User privacy  is  an  added  advantage  for all the participating vehicles which makes the system more acceptable as a whole. Protecting the privacy of users leads to undesirable tracking of vehicles by attackers. A part from user privacy, message integrity is also been guaranteed in the proposed scheme. Integrity of the message can be checked in order to confirm whether the received  alert  is  genuine. This paper presents a warning message dissemination scheme along with the mechanisms to ensure user privacy and message integrity.
An Overview of Under Water Sensor Networks Routing Protocols
Authors: Kathirvel A.
Published: June 2023

Recently, sensor networks have emerged as a very powerful technique for many applications, including monitoring, measurement, surveillance and control. The  idea of applying sensor networks into underwater environments (i.e., forming underwater sensor networks) has received increasing interests. Even though underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) share some common properties with ground sensor networks, such as the large number of  nodes and limited energy, UWSNs are significantly different from the conventional ground sensor technology. First, radio communications do not work well under the water. They must be replaced by acoustic communications, which have very different travel time and characteristics. In particular, acoustic channels feature large propagation latency, low bandwidth capacity and high error rate. Second, while most ground sensors are static, underwater sensor nodes may move with water currents and other underwater activities. Due to the very different environment properties and also the unique nature of the aquatic applications, the protocols developed for ground sensor networks are not directly applicable to underwater sensor networks. Simple underwater monitoring systems have been introduced in the past. However, they are small-scale and rely on point-to-point, single channel techniques such as remote telemetry or sequential local sensing.
In UWSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited.  Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions. In this  paper,  we  give  a  survey  of  routing  protocols  for  UWSN and compare their strengths and limitations.
Pervasive Location Management Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Thabasu Kannan S. , Shakeela N.
Published: June 2023

In mobile environment, mobility plays an important role i.e. without mobility there won’t be any transaction inmobile networks. A mobile user calls stir from anywhere on the network. To keep the mobile connected, the networks should keep track of the incoming mobile receptive system.Both network should be effective, efficient to identify the optimum path and faster to find the number of mobile users.This is called location management, which contains the above two things in an efficient and effective manner. Here location update means the process of tracking the mobile terminals and paging means to find the correct mobile terminals. The main aim of this paper is to compute the least location update cost in pervasive environment. Actually this paper is used to integrate the intelligence in mobile environment to identify the least location updation and paging cost. By use of this intelligence, the extraction of output and its level of accuracy are very high.Here intelligence is used to manage the location. Here we have proposed to implement the above two aspects by using various operators of genetic algorithm to solve the reporting cells planning problem because the solution space to be searched is huge and its popularity & robustness. And also the new version of mobility pattern is used to minimize the total cost and to balance the Location update and search Paging. In the new system one mobility pattern is maintained in each and every visited cell. If the number of pattern is increased then the movement weight is reduced and the updating cost and seeking cost is also reduced. Mobile terminals update their positions upon entering one of these reporting cells.In our previous paper, we have used network size of 4X4 for testing purpose and in conclusion, we have mentioned the 6X6 and 8X8 network size as future extension. In this paper we have implemented that extension work for number of generation are 500 and 1,000 for executing various existing algorithms like POFLA, UMP and MIPN. Comparatively the new system is better than any other existing system we have mentioned. The main drawback here is same time taken for first call and maintain less time for subsequent calls only.
Design and Development of Vehicle Theft Protection and Accident Information System
Authors: Vamsi Sai G. , Rishi Koushik D. , Jabanjalin Hilda J.
Published: June 2023

In the recent days most of the people possess their own vehicle globally. Protection of vehicle from theft, avoidaccidents, immediate message transfer and care if accidents takes place play an vital role in this era. Theft which is one of the undesirable practices happens everywhere. Theft happens mostly while parking and driving through insecure places. So protection of vehicle is a vital requirement of motorists from theft. In this project effort has been taken to develop automobile location based system using GSM. This system alerts by sending a short message (SMS) to the owner of the vehicle when the engine is turned on. Immediately, the owner sends the message to turn off the engine in order to prevent the vehicle from theft. The notification is done with the help of GSM MODEM. In addition to the theft control system, the system also sends an appropriate message if an accident occurs. Air Bag System integrated with automobile location based system is used to sense the release of air bags during accident. Immediately a message will be sent to the police/emergency ambulance service for speedy action. This system has been designed and developed in a simple cost effective for USD 80 in a reliable manner.
A Survey on Data Visualization Applications Challenges Techniques and Technologies
Authors: Jabanjalin Hilda J. , Srimathi C.
Published: June 2023

Trillions of dollars are spent each year on health care.The Department of Health Research (DHR) keeps track of avariety of health care indicators across the country, resulting in a large geospatially multivariate data set. This paper presents the various techniques, tools, technology and algorithms for the representation of large scale data which aims to provide good overviews of complete structures and the content of the data in one display space. The ability to visualize multiple variables on the map and compare them using a table and charts at the same time can provide valuable insights which might not be possible to obtain from current tools. . There are large numbers of data visualization techniques which have been developed over the last decade to support the exploration of large data sets. The techniques and tools discussed in this paper are based on the data type to be visualized, the visualization technique and the interaction and distortion technique.
A Frame Work for Various Watermarking Algorithms
Authors: Thabasu Kannan S. , Azhagu Senthil S.
Published: June 2023

Now-a-days watermarking plays a pivotal role in most of the industries for providing security to their own aswell as hired or leased data. This paper its main aim is to study Spatial and Fractal watermarking algorithms and also choosing the effective and efficient one for improving the resistance in data compression. In the Spatial domain method, there is no costly transforms needed to be computed for watermark embedding. The luminance values will be manipulated directly. The fractal domain is to determine a set of contractive transformation to approximate each block of the image with a larger block. The composition of all these transformations has the image as its fixed point. Starting with any image hence to apply the composition of the transformations repeatedly and get an approximation of the original image. For the implementation, we have used minimum nine coordinate positions. The watermarking algorithms to be taken for this study are Bruyn algorithm and Langelaar algorithm. In all graph, we have plotted X axis as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and y axis as Correlation with original watermark. The threshold value ά is set to 5. The result is smaller than the threshold value then it is feasible, otherwise it is not.
Intelligent Parking System Using Cloud
Authors: Kaudilyar R. , Esther Rajakumari Kavitha
Published: June 2023

Cloud computing is one of the most popular technology in recent time which has dynamically changed thenature of an organization. Application of cloud computing extends in real time scenarios also. Internet of Things isanother technology which has touched the day to day of human being. Advancement in Cloud computing and Internet of things can be combined and applied for solving real time problem. Allocation of parking slot for vehicles in metro cities is one the real time problem, which has been chosen as the problem statement of our research work. In our research work, we have combined the Internt of Things technology and cloud computing to develop an enhanced intelligent parking system. Overview for developing an Intelligent parking system has been narrated in this paper with an architecuture diagram.
Privacy Preserving Web Search by Client Side Generalization of User Profile
Authors: Sivaraman V. , Swaminathan N. , Vijayaraghavan P.
Published: June 2023

Personalized online search (PWS) has incontestible its effectiveness in up the standard of assorted search services on the web. However, evidences show that users reluctance to disclose their personal data throughout search has become a serious barrier for the wide proliferation of PWS. we have a tendency to study privacy protection in PWS applications that model user preferences as ranked user profiles. we have a tendency to propose a PWS framework referred to as UPS which will adaptively generalize profiles by queries whereas respecting user such privacy necessities. Our runtime generalization aims at placing a balance between 2 prognostic metrics that valuate the utility of personalization and also the privacy risk of exposing the generalized profile. We are going to use Resource Description Frame Work, for runtime generalization. Where privacy requirements represented as a set of sensitive-nodes. we use to conjointly offer an internet prediction mechanism for deciding whether personalization is required or not. The decision depends on users wish. When decision is made by the user that particular nodes along with all sub nodes will be removed in that hierarchical tree, in depth experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Future Prospects of Wireless Generations in Mobile Communication
Authors: Gill Jasmeen , Singh Shaminder
Published: June 2023

In today’s world, wireless mobile communication plays a vital role in information exchange which demands high speed data transfers, users’ fast access to data, secure and reliable network protocols that too at low costs. Moreover, the ability to connect instantly and anywhere, made them more popular and successful. However, wireless is not a recent technology. Several wireless technologies are available with their own advantages and disadvantages. This research article presents a review of several generations which are being used viz. 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G, along with the future generations which are under research like 6G, 7G and 7.5G.
Proposed Methodology for Smart Phone Forensic Tool
Authors: Junaid Mohammad , Tewari Jai Prakash , Kumar Rajeev , Vaish Abhishek
Published: June 2023

It has been found that no such tool is available that uniformly support image acquisition, analysis and recovery from different mart phone (regardless of their make, model, OS and its version). Research aim is to understand smart phone forensic tools feature, imitation, usability and proposing the generic methodology for smart phone forensic tool. Explosive development of smart phone, variety of OS, its version adds the complexity to tool developer and forensic professional as well. It’s nightmare for digital forensic professional to get expertise on different available forensic tools. The factor shows the urgent need of a standard /generic methodology for smart phone forensic tool. This will help to resolve the interoperability and limitation found on different tools on phone to phone, case to case basis. The Proposed methodology will reduce the total time required for investigation by professional, reduce the tool ownership cost, and improve the professional expertise by just focusing on few tools.
Dynamic Approaches for Enhancing Single Image Super-Resolution Using Gradient Profile Sharpness Technique
Authors: Shanmugappriya V.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose an image super-resolution approach using a gradient profile prior, which is a parametric prior describing the shape and the sharpness of the image gradients. Generate high resolution image from a low resolution input image single image super resolution is used. Single image super resolution is used to enhance the quality of image. In this paper there is a image super resolution algorithm is proposed which is based on GPS Gradient Profile Sharpness. Indicate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the leading super-resolution algorithms in the literature over a set of natural images in sharp edges and corners.
The Changing Pattern of Data Transfer: A Theoretical Overview
Authors: Paul P. K. , Shivraj K. S. , Bhuimali A.
Published: June 2023

Internet is changing the world and overall activities. Internet is the global system of network of networks and comprised with the private, public, academic and research, business and commercial, activities and sectors. Initially internet was mainly offered in the Government activities and mainly in the defense and space stations but gradually internet become a tool of common man and involved in most of the activities and sectors. Internet may be accessed in various way and methods; importantly internet services are also changing due to its features and emerging speed. The data transfer rate is differs from the technology to technology and importantly country to country. This paper is talks about the data transfer and its changing pattern and emphasizing speed divide among the countries. Paper highlights all these aspects in brief manner with theoretical context.
Design and Development of Revolve Rescheduling Technique for Hash Event Blake Overshadowing Carry Select Adder thru Binary to Excess Converter
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Umamaheswari M. , Benjohnson R.
Published: June 2023

Cryptographic hash events remain consumed broadly appearing in numerous concentrations mostly for the situation high-pitched hustle then safety. NIST prepared SHA- 3 struggle then the last ring-shaped contestants are BLAKE, KECCAK, SKEIN, JH THEN GROSTL. Amongst the five contestants enterprise besides planning of BLAKE remains evaluated in this manuscript. Hash event BLAKE remains the single-way cryptography which requires no key is consumed though referring and getting the communication. Inside the area of cryptography swiftness and privacy are the transactions. To achieve excessive swiftness then proficiency, Circumnavigate Reorganizing Procedure remains combined. Toward create BLAKE additional proficient, flexible calculation is swapped through Carry Select Adders (CSA) consuming Binary amongst the five contestants enterprise besides planning of BLAKE remains evaluated in this manuscript. Hash event BLAKE remains the single-way cryptography which requires no key is consumed though referring and getting the communication. Inside the area of cryptography swiftness and privacy are the transactions. To achieve excessive swiftness then proficiency, Circumnavigate Reorganizing Procedure remains combined. Toward create BLAKE additional proficient, flexible calculation is swapped through Carry Select Adders (CSA) consuming Binary to Excess Converter (BEC). The surviving then future design of BLAKE is invented consuming CSA while altered BLAKE is intended consuming CSA through BEC. Therefore, the range and capacity devoted in future technique is fewer evaluated thru surviving techniques. BLAKE-32, 64 remain implied in VHDL language then replicated in Modalism. Range and Capacity consequences remain exposed here Xilinx ISE simulant.
Multimodal Biometric Technology Using Fuzzy Logic Decision and Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Senthil Kumar S.
Published: June 2023

In this research paper I discuss about the challenges to implement secure personal identification protocols with biometric technology are increasing and the need for accurate human identification is higher than ever. Single modality biometric systems have to contend with a variety of problems such as noisy data, intra class variations, non-universality, spoof attacks, and distinctiveness. Some of these limitations can be addressed by deploying multimodal biometric systems that integrate multiple biometric modalities in a single scan to alleviate the challenges of a unimodal system. Performance in biometric verification is often affected by external conditions and variabilities. These are often related to mismatched conditions between enrolment and verification sessions, e.g. handsets/microphones for recording speech, cameras for capturing facial images and fingerprint readers. In addition, the user’s speech may vary according to ambient noise conditions, the speaker’s health (e.g. contracting a cold) or speaking styles. The user’s facial images may vary due to changes in backgrounds, illumination, head positions and expressions. While none of the biometrics alone can guarantee absolute reliability, they can reinforce one another when used jointly to maximize verification performance. This motivates multi-biometric (multimodal) authentication.
Evolutionary Algorithms Techniques Based on MET Heuristics of Accustomed Computing Performance
Authors: Senthil P.
Published: June 2023

In robotics manipulators, the aisle should be optimum, appropriately the torque of the apprentice can be minimized in adjustment to save power. This cardboard includes an optimal aisle planning arrangement for a automatic manipulator. Recently, techniques based on metaheuristics of accustomed computing, mainly evolutionary algorithms (EA), accept been auspiciously activated to a ample amount of automatic applications. In this cardboard the bigger BBO algorithm is acclimated to abbreviate the cold action in the attendance of altered obstacles. The simulation represents that the proposed optimal aisle planning adjustment has satisfactory performance.
A Prefetching Technique Using HMM Forward and Backward Chaining for the DFS in Cloud
Authors: Thilaganga V. , Karthika M. , Maha Lakshmi M.
Published: June 2023

A general class of temporal probabilistic model have recently developed, which extends the Forward, Backward and Viterbi algorithm for hidden Markov models. The HMM (Midden Markov Model) is a probabilistic model of the joint probability of a collection of random variables with both observations and states. The algorithm is based on shrinking the state space of the HMM noticeably using such chains. The states through which the world passes are hidden, or unobserved. However, at each point in time also gets an observation that in some way reflects on the current state of the world. The Cloud Computing is a big deal for three reasons: It does not need any effort on Clients part to maintain or manage. It’s effectively infinite in size, so clients don’t need to worry about it running out of capacity. User can access cloud-based applications and services from anywhere all you need is a device with an Internet connection. In this Cloud Computing used the Distributed File Systems (DFS) for sharing and allocating the data during dynamic process .Those process are using some Prediction algorithms here using HMM Forward and Backward Chain. In this paper represents, Cloud Storage Server can Share the data among with the multiple users, using two prediction algorithms such as forward and backward chain in HMM.
Hybrid Approach to Outlier Detection in Medical Dataset
Authors: Kadam Archana , Powar Sagar G.
Published: June 2023

Outlier detection has been a very important concept in the realm of data analysis and the complex relationships that appear with regard to patient symptoms, diagnoses and behavior are the most promising areas of outlier. The data typically consists of records which may have several different types of features such as patient age, blood group and weight. Recently, density-based outlier detection has emerged as a viable and scalable alternative to traditional statistical and geometric approaches. Density Based Outlier Detection Algorithm along with K-means partition technique is used for detecting outliers in Heart Disease dataset which is used to diagnose the abnormal data. This analysis can be used by doctor to predict heart disease of particular patient.
School Bus Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Abhishek R. , Goutami K. , Gurudath K. R. , Nesar M. , Deepa S. R.
Published: June 2023

An advanced and novel system for monitoring and tracking the school van to ensure the safety of children, the proposed system works in case of emergencies such as accidents, break down, fire accidents by immediately sharing the location and images of the inside environment of the bus to the school authorities. Images are captured using Pi camera and location by GPS module. Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) tags are used to track the number of students travelling. A panic switch and two keys are provided. Keys are used if vehicle gets stuck in traffic and in the case of vehicle breakdown. An email alert will be sent to the parents. Panic switch is used in case of emergency. In each case email is attached with the images of the inside environment of the bus. The system possess the hall effect sensor to sense the speed of the vehicle, In case of rash driving the sensor intimates the Raspberry Pi and an alert is sent to the school authority through email.
Optimisation of End Insulation Design in Power Transformer
Authors: Beema Thangarajan R. , Usa S.
Published: June 2023

The power transformer is an important component in power system that must be highly efficient and reliable in peration. Insulation design in power transformer is one of the important factors for determining reliability and size. It is essential to find a compact optimal design for insulation that satisfies the technical specifications with minimum manufacturing cost. In the transformer insulation design, the top end and bottom end insulation between winding and yoke of a power transformer is one of the important factor determining the total window height of the power transformer; hence optimization in the end will result in reduction in total cost and size of the transformer. In this paper electrostatic finite element analysis of power transformer end insulation is carried out, the cumulative stress distribution for each oil gap is determined and safety margin is evaluated by comparing it with industrial withstand curve. The value of top end and bottom end clearance of winding to yoke is optimised so that the value of window height is minimum and the end insulation design is reliable.
An Efficient Approach of Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Using CAP-PT Method
Authors: Raja Rajeshwari C. , Rajkumari M.
Published: June 2023

An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system has been proposed as a standard for the mobile communication systems. Despite the advantages of OFDM signals like high spectral efficiency and robustness against ISI, the OFDM signals have some disadvantages which the main one is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). The reason of high PAPR is that in the time domain, the OFDM signal is actually sum of many narrowband signals. At some time instances, the sum of these narrowband signals may be large and at the other time may be small, which means that the peak of the signal is much larger than the average value. This high PAPR signal when transmitted through a nonlinear power amplifier creates spectral broadening and also an increase in the dynamic range of the digital to analog converter (DAC). The result will be an increase in the cost of the system and reduction in efficiency. Hence, the technique to overcome this problem in OFDM systems is necessary. The existing method doesn’t have high capability of PAPR reduction with significant high Bit Error Rate (BER) degradation. Hence this proposed CAP-PT (Clipping, Amplification and Peak Windowing/ Partial Transmit) method combines the effect of clipping the peak signals and amplifies the signals that have low amplitude. Out of band radiations which is caused by clipping is suppressed by peak windowing process. Then followed by partial transmit which reduces in band distortions. The PAPR reduces to the great extent without BER degradation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CAP-PT method yields the better performance than the existing methods.
An Optimal Energy Utilization Self Adjusting Variable Speed Drive Scheme for Large Locomotive Drives
Authors: Sharaf Adel M.
Published: June 2023

The paper presents a novel GA/PSO self regulating diesel driven AC induction motor controlled drive system using the common AC-DC-AC bus interface for industrial applications and electric vehicle EV-locomotion. The proposed control scheme utilizes the dual regulation multi loop error driven controller using the novel modified proportional plus integral plus derivative PID structure with the added error rate compensating auxiliary loop. The EV-drive is fed from the AC-DC-AC interface of a six-pulse controlled rectifier –DC link and six-pulse voltage source inverter VSI using a coordinated dual action control scheme for firing angle control. The diesel engine is controlled to ensure dynamic of power demand with dynamic voltage and current tracking. A dynamic error driven control scheme is proposed to regulate the motor current to limit any inrush currents and overloading conditions, in addition to motor speed dynamic reference tracking. The Proposed tri loop dynamic error driven self regulated-tuned controllers are also utilized to ensure dynamic energy efficiency, control loop decoupling, drive stability and the unified system efficient energy utilization while maintaining accurate speed reference tracking. The paperpresents soft-computing application of both Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Genetic search MOGA optimization and search techniques for dynamic online gain-tuning to optimally adjust the settings of the proposed controllers.
Load Profiling of Electrical Systems Using a Condition Monitoring Platform
Authors: Aravind C. V. , Harry Taylor , Wiselin John , Norhisam
Published: June 2023

Calibration is vital for the measurement integrity of every electrical system. For this reason, this paper attempts to introduce a generic test bench for condition monitoring of electrical system. Hence the system is developed on the wooden platform and consists of Devices Under Test (DUTs), measurement and signal generating hardware modules, a Windows-based computer, and the integration of a LabVIEWbased software via a data acquisition (DAQ) to completely define the specific requirements. The developed test bench help the user to test procedure, investigate and display in real – time the characteristics of the DUTs.
Simulation of IGBT Based Cyclo-Inverter Run Induction Motor
Authors: Govind Sudhin , Thomas Jiku
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces a new technique for converting power at supply frequency to a higher frequency, using a cyclo-inverter circuit, where IGBT is used as the switching element. This circuit is used in induction heating, ballast, high frequency supplies and in high speed induction motors. The control circuit developed for the cyclo-inverter supplies trigger signals for the IGBT for developing power at any frequency which is an integer multiple of supply frequency. The high frequency power is then used to run a single phase capacitor start induction motor for developing high speeds. The working of the proposed system was verified by observing waveforms on CRO and was found to be satisfactory.
Zigbee Based Temperature Monitoring and Controlling in Matlab
Authors: Chaman Shilpa
Published: June 2023

Efficient design and implementation of wireless sensor network has become an emerging area of research in recent years, due to vast potential of sensor network enables application that connect the physical world to the virtual world. By networking large numbers of Zigbee sensor nodes, it is possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or impossible to obtain in conventional ways. In this paper a wireless temperature sensing and controlling system for real time dynamics has been proposed. Variation in the temperature is recorded in the GUI window and proper controlling action is taken accordingly. An 8-bit Atmega16 [1] microcontroller has been used to interface the temperature sensor using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, Zigbee protocol. Zigbee has the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost and self organizing features.
Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode – PI Control for Single Phase Unipolar Inverters
Authors: John Wiselin M. C , Riyaz.A.Rahiman
Published: June 2023

Sliding Mode – PI controller is recognized as robust controller with a high stability in a wide range of operating conditions, although it suffers from chattering problem. In addition, it cannot be directly applied to multi switches power converters. This paper concerns a sliding controller design with the proportional-integral (PI) control form. First, a theoretical analysis of the considered sliding PI controller is provided. Our analysis reveals that the proportional control term of the sliding PI controller, i.e., sliding proportional controller, can reduce the chattering problem and thus, the robustness can be established. Second, the chattering problem is eliminated by smoothing the control law in a narrow boundary layer, and a pulse width modulator produces the fixed frequency switching law for the inverter. The smoothing procedure is based on limitation of pulse width modulator. Therefore, the chattering problem of the proportional gain is resolved and the valuable robust control property of the sliding integral controller is illustrated again. The simulation model has been developed and tested using MATLAB software.
Matrix Converter for PMSG based WECS Using Duty Ratio Based Switching with FOC
Authors: Gopa Kumar S.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the direct AC to AC converter for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind urbine. The direct AC to AC matrix converter is intended between the PMSG wind turbine and the grid. The power generated by the wind turbine is synchronized with the grid parameters through the converter. A modulation scheme based on duty ratio is proposed. Depending upon the duty ratio the switching of matrix converter is done. Conventional ACDC- AC back to back converter is replaced by direct AC to AC converter. The modulation scheme can be also implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) so that the computational speed can be improved. The machine side control is done by Field Oriented Control (FOC). A three phase to three phase matrix converter is simulated using MATLAB simulink software and the results are shown.
Advanced Power Control Technique for Hybrid Wind-Solar Power GenerationSystem Used in Standalone Application
Authors: Syam Prasanth P. R.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a unique standalone hybrid power generation system, applying advanced power control tech- niques, fed by four power sources: wind power, solar power, storage battery, and diesel engine generator, and which is not connected to a commercial power system. Considerable effort was put into the development of active-reactive power and dump power controls. The result of laboratory experiments revealed that amplitudes and phases of ac output voltage were well regulated in the proposed hybrid system. Different power sources can be interconnected anywhere on the same power line, leading to flex- ible system expansion. It is anticipated that this hybrid power generation system, into which natural energy is incorporated, will contribute to global environmental protection on isolated islands and in rural locations without any dependence on commercial power systems.
Design & Analysis of Hybrid Micro Grid with DC Connection at Back to Back Converter
Authors: Aravind S. P. , Darwin Suthar E.
Published: June 2023

A micro grid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operate connected to a traditional centralized grid (macro grid). This single point of common coupling with the macro grid can be disconnected. The micro grid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a micro grid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected micro grid can be controlled as if it were one entity. Micro grid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The necessity of an AC or DC micro grid is governed by available micro sources and connected loads. A hybrid structure can ensure a sustainable configuration blending both the forms. In this paper, a hybrid micro grid structure for a grid connected micro grid with DC connection at back to back (B2B) converters is proposed. While a B2B connection between two AC systems could bestow a reliable, isolated and efficient coupling,an extra DC bus connection can facilitate use of the DC micro sources. The DC bus can supply the local DC loads and can also trade part of the power with the AC grids. The voltage support at the DC link (of the B2B converters) can be used for the DC bus formation. Different power management strategies with fixed power references or decentralized power distribution in AC/DC sides are proposed and validated with simulations in MATLAB.
A Review of Secure Pub Sub System
Authors: Kshirsagar Padmavati N. , Pratap singh S.
Published: June 2023

In content-based publish subscribe system authentication and confidentiality are most challenging security issues. This paper presents a novel way to provide confidentiality and authentications in a broker-less contentbased publish subscribe system. The authentication of publishers and subscribers is done using pairing based cryptography. Confidentiality of events is also ensured, by adapting the pairing-based cryptography mechanisms. This paper contributes; secure communication between publisher and subscribers. Publisher use public key to encrypt message, publisher send that message along with its unique identity. To successfully decrypt the message; a receiver needs to obtain a private key for its identity from the key server. The overall approach provides fine-grained key management. Published events are routed to their corresponding subscribers. The evaluation of this project provides security respect to 1) authentication and confidentiality of event dissemination. 2) The overall approach provides fine-grained key management. Published events are routed to their relevant subscribers. The evaluation of this project provides security respect to throughput of the proposed cryptographic primitives.
Modelling and Simulation of Control Circuit for Oscillator Based Inverter for Microgrids
Authors: Ramaprabha R. , Rithika S.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a control strategy for oscillator based inverter for microgrids to enable asymptotic synchronization in order to produce a stable power system. The microgrid is formed by paralleling of three 3-phase inverters; the output of the inverter is programmed to outdo the changing aspects of a non-linear oscillator. The virtual oscillator within the controllers is implicitly coupled through physical electrical network say RLC networks and coordinate transformations. Due to the self-sustaining capability of the oscillators, the inverter ac outputs are synchronized and communication between the inverters is not needed as the controller uses local signals as feedback elements. In this paper, the methodology of the controller is framed in such a way that the inverter output voltage is retained within prescribed limits although there are fluctuations in load. The simulation results prove that the controller retains the voltage fluctuations within ± 5 %.
Modelling and Characterization of Subcarrier Intensity Modulation Based Free Space Optical Communication
Authors: Jayakrishnan U. S.
Published: June 2023

This paper is an investigation to model and characterize subcarrier intensity modulation employing M-ary phase shift keying and rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation for optical wireless communication over different turbulence channels. Atmospheric turbulence results in many effects causing fluctuation in the received optical power .The popular models for describing atmospheric turbulence are the lognormal distribution (for weak turbulence induced irradiance fluctuation), the K- distribution (for strong turbulence induced irradiance fluctuation), the negative exponential distribution (for irradiance fluctuation in saturated turbulence conditions), and the Gamma-Gamma distribution (for describing irradiance fluctuation over a wide range of turbulence regimes from weak to strong turbulence). The adaptive schemes offer efficient utilization of optical wireless communication channel capacity by adapting the modulation order according to the received signal-to-noise ratio and a pre-defined target bit-error rate requirement. The improved spectral efficiency can be achieved by the adaptive systems without increasing the transmitter power.
Survey on Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing
Authors: Sathya Sofia A. , Backialakshmi M.
Published: June 2023

Cloud computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the internet. The primary benefit of moving to Clouds is application scalability. Cloud computing is very beneficial for the application which are sharing their resources on different nodes. Scheduling the task is quite a challenging in cloud environment. Usually tasks are scheduled by user requirements. New scheduling strategies need to be proposed to overcome the problems proposed by network properties between user and resources. New scheduling strategies may use some of the conventional scheduling concepts to merge them together with some network aware strategies to provide solutions for better and more efficient job scheduling. Scheduling strategy is the key technology in cloud computing. This paper provides the survey on scheduling algorithms. There working with respect to the resource sharing. We systemize the scheduling problem in cloud computing, and present a cloud scheduling hierarchy.
ARM Based Intelligent Soft Starter for Consumer Applications
Authors: Gowtham M. , Vidhya K.
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this project is to design a soft starter for consumer application, Gsm technology is used to get the voltage readings through mobile, The power theft also identified here by means of voltage measurement is presented in this paper. Here thyristor is used as soft switch. Three soft switches are used in three phases which is Star, Delta and Main phase. With the help of Gsm technology the motor is controlled through the mobile. The performance resulted from the past fault-tolerant soft starter control has demonstrated reduced motor starting transient torque pulsations as well as reduced motor inrush current magnitude. The present are soft starter for consumer application presented here to demonstrate the soundness and effectiveness of the soft starter for consumer approach and motor can be controlled from remote location.
Certain Investigations on Edge Fed Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for WiMAX Applications
Authors: Ramya M. , Parthipan V. , Yogadeepan M.
Published: June 2023

Recently, a new wireless technology, i.e., Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), has been demonstrated to have its strong potential to provide a very high speed of broadband services. By simultaneously using multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver sites, these systems exploit the spatial dimension of the propagation channel. The development of such antennas includes the design of array antenna, optimizing the array antenna parameters and thereby increasing its performance. This paper mainly focuses on design of single microstrip patch antennae and linear array configurations by optimizing the various antenna parameters such as directivity, gain, Mutual coupling and beamwidth etc., Microstrip array antennae designed and simulated using IE3D for WiMAX application operating at 2.4GHz and the same configurations are also optimized and analyzed. In this analysis, upon comparing the parameters such as gain, directivity, return loss and 3-dB beamwidth quantitatively it is proposed that the linear array promises very narrow beamwidth with optimized gain.
Replacement and Maintenance Analysis of Electrical and Electronics Equipment
Authors: Jaikumar R. A. , Senthilkumar R. A. , Radhika S.
Published: June 2023

In this paper has discus about the analysis of replacement and maintenance of the Waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments to control its problems. The major problem that the human race is facing now is the effects of the E-pollution caused by the waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments. The rate at which the Waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments is growing can cause serious damages in 2025. So an immediate solution has to be drawn to reuse or reduce the Waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments and its effects on humans. An economic solution is designed to achieve an optimal source to reuse and reduce the waste of Electrical and Electronics Equipments.
Reordering of Test Vectors Using Weighting Factor Based on Average Power for Test Power Minimization
Authors: Vidhyia M.
Published: June 2023

Power consumption is one of the biggest challenges in high performance VLSI design and testing. Low power VLSI circuits dissipate more power during testing when compared with that of normal operation. Dynamic power has been the dominant part of power dissipation in CMOS circuits; however, in future technologies the static portion of power dissipation will outreach the dynamic portion. The proposed approach is based on a reordering of test vectors in the test sequence to minimize the switching activity of the circuit using test application. In this paper weighted switching activity is derived based on the average power consumed in the logic gates during all possible event conditions. Since this weighted switching activity is based on the power, which gives more accurate results. The proposed algorithm is implemented and verified using ISCAS85 benchmark circuits. Power is estimated for the circuits using Tanner EDA tool. The results show that power is reduced significantly over the existing methods