bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T lymphocyte adhesion to fibronectin (FN): a possible mechanism for T cell accumulation in the rheumatoid joint
Authors: RODRIGUEZ R M , PITZALIS C , KINGSLEY G H , HENDERSON E , HUMPHRIES M J , PANAYI G S
Published: August 2010

The accumulation of T cells within the joint is responsible for the perpetuation of synovitis. This process is partly regulated by selective binding to endothelium. However, adhesion to extra-cellular matrix proteins, like FN, may also be important. FN binding is mediated by certain members of the VLA (β1 intrgrin) family of proteins. To investigate the role of Tc-FN interactions in synovitis the binding of synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) T cells to FN-coaled wells, and the expression of cell surface VLA molecules on these cells by double label immunofluorescence, were studied. SF T cells bound better to FN than PB T cells. VLAα4 and VLAβ1 but not VLAα5 were up-regulated on SF compared with PB T cells. Anti-VLAα4, VLAβ1 and VLAα5 MoAbs inhibited the binding of SF T cells to FN. The increased binding of SF T cells to FN could have been related to activation and/or to their predominantly memory phenotype. Purified resting memory or naive T cells bound poorly to FN. In contrast, compared with SF T cells, concanavalin A-activated T cells showed a very similar level of binding to FN, comparable expression of VLA molecules and the same pattern of inhibition of binding to FN by MoAbs. Thus, VLA molecules may play an important role in the retention of T cells in the joint and since T cells can be activated via VLA-FN interactions, this mechanism may perpetuate chronic inflammation.
CD4+ CD25+ transforming growth factor-β-producing T cells are present in the lung in murine tuberculosis and may regulate the host inflammatory response
Authors: Mason C M , Porretta E , Zhang P , Nelson S
Published: August 2010

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells produce the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or interleukin (IL)-10. Regulatory T cells have been recognized to suppress autoimmunity and promote self-tolerance. These cells may also facilitate pathogen persistence by down-regulating the host defence response during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated TGF-β+ and IL-10+ lung CD4+ CD25+ T cells in a murine model of M. tuberculosis. BALB/c mice were infected with ∼50 colony-forming units of M. tuberculosis H37Rv intratracheally. At serial times post-infection, lung cells were analysed for surface marker expression (CD3, CD4, CD25) and intracellular IL-10, TGF-β, and interferon (IFN)-γ production (following stimulation in vitro with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies). CD4+ lung lymphocytes were also selected positively after lung digestion, and stimulated in vitro for 48 h with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the absence and presence of anti-TGF-β antibody, anti-IL-10 antibody or rmTGF-β soluble receptor II/human Fc chimera (TGFβsrII). Supernatants were assayed for elicited IFN-γ and IL-2. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analyses showed that TGF-β- and IL-10-producing CD4+ CD25+ T cells are present in the lungs of infected mice. Neutralization of TGF-β and IL-10 each resulted in increases in elicited IFN-γ, with the greatest effect seen when TGFβsrII was used. Elicited IL-2 was not affected significantly by TGF-β neutralization. These results confirm the presence of CD4+ CD25+ TGF-β+ T cells in murine pulmonary tuberculosis, and support the possibility that TGF-β may contribute to down-regulation of the host response.
Spleen lymphocyte function modulated by a cocoa-enriched diet
Authors: Ramiro-Puig E , Pérez-Cano F J , Ramírez-Santana C , Castellote C , Izquierdo-Pulido M , Permanyer J , Franch A , Castell M
Published: August 2010

Previous studies have shown the down-regulating in vitro effect of cocoa flavonoids on lymphocyte and macrophage activation. In the present paper, we report the capacity of a long-term rich cocoa diet to modulate macrophage cytokine secretion and lymphocyte function in young rats. Weaned rats received natural cocoa (4% or 10% food intake), containing 32 mg flavonoids/g, for 3 weeks. Spleen immune function was then evaluated through the analysis of lymphocyte composition, their proliferative response and their ability to secrete cytokines and Ig. In addition, the status of activated peritoneal macrophages was established through tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion. The richest cocoa diet (10%) caused a reduction of TNF-α secretion by peritoneal macrophages showing anti-inflammatory activity. Similarly, although a 10% cocoa diet increased lymphocyte proliferation rate, it down-regulated T helper 2 (Th2)-related cytokines and decreased Ig secretion. These changes were accompanied by an increase in spleen B cell proportion and a decrease in Th cell percentage. In summary, these results demonstrate the functional activity of a cocoa-high dosage in down-regulating the immune response that might be beneficial in hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
Coupled diffusion and oxidation of ferrous iron in soils. II. A model of the diffusion and reaction of O2, Fe2+, H+ and HCO3− in soils and a sensitivity analysis of the model
Authors: KIRK G. J. D. , AHMAD A. R. , NYE P. H.
Published: August 2010

Kinetic equations are developed for a system in which a column of reduced soil is exposed to oxygen at one end. The equations are combined in a simulation model in which they are solved by finite‐difference methods. The model predicts the consequent diffusion of oxygen into the column; the diffusion of ferrous iron towards the oxidation zone; the rate of formation and concentration profile of the ferric hydroxide formed; and the diffusion by acid‐base transfer of the acidity produced in the oxidation reaction.

A sensitivity analysis of the model, in which runs were made for a wide range of input parameters, showed that for most combinations of parameters, in water‐saturated soil, substantial amounts of iron are transferred towards the air‐exposed surface, leading to a well‐defined zone of ferric hydroxide accumulation. The profile of total iron in this zone is often banded. The pH in the zone falls by at least two units. A small amount of air‐filled pore space increases the depth of the oxidation front dramatically. The model indicates that coupled iron oxidation and diffusion reactions, which are very widespread in natural soils, may be understood quantitatively.
Measurement of electrostatic and site‐specific associations of alkali metal cations with humic acid
Authors: BONN B. A. , FISH W.
Published: August 2010

A discontinuous acidimetric titration method incorporating ultrafiltration was developed to measure the association of a soil humic acid with Li+ t, Na+ and K+ (pH 3 to 8). In addition, possible site‐specific binding of these alkali metal cations was investigated using desorption experiments at pH 1. Li, Na and K cations behaved equivalently in the titrations and the amounts of these cations associated with the humic acid was measurable at all pH values between 3 and 8. Up to 90% of the total alkali metal cation was humate‐associated at pH 8. The absolute amount of humic‐associated cation did not depend on the alkali metal cation concentration, but rather on the solution alkalinity. In addition, the net charge of the humate polyanion made a negligible contribution to the electroneutrality of the bulk solution under all conditions. These results are consistent with a diffuse layer model of hydrated humic acid in which the alkali metal cations neutralize the humic charge. The association of Na+ andK+ with humic acid at pH 1 was successfully described by a Langmuir adsorption model. The number of sites per g of humic acid was very small, and greater for K+ than for Nat. Lithium cations exhibited no detectable humic association at pH 1. These differences suggest that humic acids may have a small number of specific binding sites for which the size of the hydrated cation is important.
Agrochemical controlled‐release and transport in the soil profile: I. Model formulation and sensitivity analysis for bare soil under field conditions
Authors: FRIEDMAN S. P.
Published: August 2010

The controlled release of agrochemicals from capsules, uniformly distributed in the soil, and their spread in the soil profile by diffusion and convection, coupled with first‐order degradation, are studied theoretically. This transient transport is formulated mathematically as an approximate description of two simultaneous processes: (1) local release from the capsule, described as taking place in a confined, spherical soil domain, with a quasi‐steady‐state diffusional spread in each time step and (2) the vertical spread of the released material in the soil profile, described by the convection‐dispersion equation including a source term for the solute transport, coupled with the Richards’ equation for the water flow. These processes of release, spread and degradation are simulated for realistic field conditions to study the effects of management practices and environmental conditions on the release rate. For a given amount of chemical per unit area, the rate of release increases with increasing number of capsules and with increasing depth of incorporation. Increasing irrigation intensity also enhances the release rate, as well as increasing the time interval between irrigations for the same seasonal amount of water applied. Under a given irrigation regime and incorporation practice, the rate of release increases progressively from coarse to fine‐textured soils. The amount of released agrochemical remaining in the target zone after a certain time is compared with the amounts of a similar non‐encapsulated agrochemical and of an inert tracer retained in the soil. The encapsulated material always persists longer, to an extent depending on the above‐mentioned conditions.
Complexation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by peat and humic acid
Authors: LOGAN E. M. , PULFORD I. D. , COOK G. T. , MACKENZIE A B.
Published: August 2010

The binding of metal to humic substances is problematical. The approaches for studying metal binding to organic matter are briefly reviewed. Ion‐selective electrodes (Cu2+ and Pb2+) were used to measure metal complexation by a whole peat and an extracted humic acid (HA) fraction. Scatchard plots and calculation of incremental formation constants were used to obtain values for the binding constants for the metals onto both peat and HA. Both the peat and the humic acid had a larger maximum binding capacity for Pb2+ than for Cu2+ (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave 0·188 mmol Cu2+ g−1 and 0·564 mmol Pb2+ g−1: peat gave 0·111 mmol Cu2+ g−1 and 0·391 mmol Pb2+ g−1). Overall, the humic acid had a larger metal binding capacity, suggesting that extraction caused conformational or chemical changes. The binding constants (K1) for Cu2+ increased with increasing pH in both peat and humic acid, and were larger in the peat at any given pH (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave log K1= 2·63, and peat gave log K1= 4·47 for Cu2+). The values for Pb2+ showed little change with pH or between peat and humic acid (e.g. at pH = 5 HA gave log K1= 3·03 and peat gave log K1= 3·00 for Pb2+). In the peat, Cu2+ may be more able to bind in a 2:1 stoichiometric arrangement, resulting in greater stability but smaller binding capacity, whereas Pb2+ binds predominantly in a 1:1 arrangement, with more metal being bound less strongly. Whole peat is considered to be more appropriate than an extracted humic acid fraction for the study of heavy metal binding in organic soils, as this is the material with which metals introduced into an organic soil would interact under natural conditions.
Data transformations between soil texture schemes
Authors: ROUSSEVA S. S.
Published: August 2010

Various soil texture schemes are in current use. These differ in the size ranges of their particle fractions. There is a need to establish simple methods to correlate these conventional schemes. Therefore I have defined closed‐form exponential and power law functions to fit models to cumulative particle‐size distribution data. I have tested the functions for their suitability (i) to represent cumulative particle‐size distribution curves and (ii) to transfer data between distributions that differ in the size ranges of the particle fractions. I found that closed‐form exponential functions adequately represent the cumulative particle‐size distributions of fine‐textured soils (clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam and loam texture), whilst closed‐form power functions better describe the cumulative particle‐size distributions of coarse‐textured soils (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay and sandy clay loam texture). The functions defined are found to be suitable to transfer data between different texture schemes. The use of this approach is illustrated by examples of data transformations between three widely used soil texture schemes: ISSS, Katschinski's and USDA.
Constitutive and inducible defensive traits in co‐occurring marine snails distributed across a vertical rocky intertidal gradient
Authors: Bourdeau Paul E.
Published: August 2010

1. Among‐species differences in the expression of constitutive and plastic traits may shape species distributions within a community. For many systems, the relationships among individual species’ phenotypes, particularly morphological plasticity, and performance and distribution are poorly understood.

2. I tested whether three co‐occurring species of marine snails in the genus Nucella differed in their constitutive and inducible defences against crabs, in terms of growth and shell architectural defence. I also tested whether among‐species trait differences were associated with interspecific differences in antipredator performance (resistance to crushing) and distributions along a vertical tidal emersion gradient on rocky shores where the snails co‐occur.

3. Species distributed lower on the shore and thus exposed to crabs for longer periods of time exhibited higher constitutive growth rates than the upper‐shore species. Lower‐shore species also exhibited greater inducible reductions in somatic growth and increases in shell thickening than the upper‐shore species. Plastic alterations of the scaling relationship between shell‐thickness and somatic growth (i.e. greater shell mass per body mass) enabled the two lower‐shore species to produce stronger, more crab‐resistant shells in the presence of crabs than their upper‐shore congener.

4. Results suggest that species‐specific differences in both constitutive and inducible shell defence and growth reflect growth/mortality tradeoffs that are associated with species’ vertical distributions along a predation risk gradient. Thus, adaptive differences in inducible morphological defenses should be considered along with more traditionally studied traits such as behaviour and constitutive morphological defenses, when examining traits that influence patterns of species distribution along environmental gradients.
Abnormalities of prothrombin: a review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: MEEKS S. L. , ABSHIRE T. C.
Published: August 2010

Summary.  Prothrombin (factor II) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive coagulation disorder that occurs in approximately 1 in 1–2 million people. Prothrombin is activated to thrombin, which in turn proteolytically cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin and contributes to forming a stable fibrin clot. The haemostatic level of prothrombin is thought to be between 20 and 40%, and the half‐life is approximately 3 days. There are more than 40 known mutations in prothrombin. Both hypoprothrombinemia and dysprothrombinemia have been described. Low prothrombin activity typically prolongs both the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Clinical manifestations are predominantly mucosal or surgical‐ or trauma‐associated bleeding, but joint bleeding and intracranial haemorrhages have been reported. No purified prothrombin products are available for replacement therapy. Both fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex concentrates contain prothrombin and may be used for treatment.
Transgene‐mediated suppression of dengue viruses in the salivary glands of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Mathur G. , Sanchez‐Vargas I. , Alvarez D. , Olson K. E. , Marinotti O. , James A. A.
Published: August 2010

Controlled sex‐, stage‐ and tissue‐specific expression of antipathogen effector molecules is important for genetic engineering strategies to control mosquito‐borne diseases. Adult female salivary glands are involved in pathogen transmission to human hosts and are target sites for expression of antipathogen effector molecules. The Aedes aegypti 30K a and 30K b genes are expressed exclusively in adult female salivary glands and are transcribed divergently from start sites separated by 263 nucleotides. The intergenic, 5′‐ and 3′‐end untranslated regions of both genes are sufficient to express simultaneously two different transgene products in the distal‐lateral lobes of the female salivary glands. An antidengue effector gene, membranes no protein (Mnp), driven by the 30K b promoter, expresses an inverted‐repeat RNA with sequences derived from the premembrane protein‐encoding region of the dengue virus serotype 2 genome and reduces significantly the prevalence and mean intensities of viral infection in mosquito salivary glands and saliva.
Partial migration in tropical birds: the frontier of movement ecology
Authors: Sekercioglu Cagan H.
Published: August 2010

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A. E. Jahn, D. J. Levey, J. A. Hostetler & A. M. Mamani (2010) Determinants of partial bird migration in the Amazon Basin. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 983–992.

Partial migration, in which only some individuals of a species migrate, might be central to the evolution of migratory behaviour and is likely to represent an evolutionary transition between sedentariness and complete migration. In one of the few detailed, individual‐based migration studies of tropical birds, Jahn et al. study the partial migration system of a South American bird species for the first time. Food limitation forces the large adult males and small, young females to migrate, contrary to the expectations of the body size and dominance hypotheses. This study confirms the importance of food variability as the primary driver of migratory behaviour. There is urgent need for similar studies on the movement ecology of understudied tropical bird species, whose diversity of migratory behaviour can shed light on the evolution of bird migration.
The development of SCORM‐conformant learning content based on the learning cycle using participatory design
Authors: Su C.Y. , Chiu C.H. , Wang T.I.
Published: August 2010

This study incorporates the 5E learning cycle strategy to design and develop Sharable Content Object Reference Model‐conformant materials for elementary science education. The 5E learning cycle that supports the constructivist approach has been widely applied in science education. The strategy consists of five phases: engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation. It has potential value for creating effective science e‐learning materials. This study implemented the participatory design (PD) method to investigate the possibility of applying the 5E model to science e‐learning materials. PD is an approach that understands knowledge by doing and focuses on collaborating with the intended users rather than designing ‘for’ them. In this study, researchers, designers and elementary science teachers cooperated at all stages of the design process (including explanation, analysis and decision making). The issues to be dealt with in this study included instructional designs based on the 5E model, techniques or specifications of e‐learning, learning objects, metadata and procedures. The results of this study provided concrete recommendations for how to incorporate the 5E learning cycle and how to develop effective e‐learning materials for elementary science instruction.
Observations on the swarming and mating of mosquitoes in Uganda
Authors: Corbet Philip S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The swarming and associated mating of culicine mosquitoes near ground level over open grassland in Uganda is described and discussed.
Observations on the facial sclerite of the larva of Papilio demoleus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Zaka‐ur‐Rab Mohammed
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The facial sclerite of the larva of Papilio demoleus is described and details of the musculature are given. A new interpretation of some of the facial structures is suggested.
Note on gregarious behaviour exhibited by Phymateus aegrotus Gerstaecker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Roffey J.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of gregarious behaviour shown by groups of hoppers of Phymateus aegrotus found in a valley in the Northern Region of the Somali Republic, and their feeding habits are described. Reasons are given for the wide range of instars found in the groups.
Protective devices in two species of African Coleoptera
Authors: Lewis J. G. E.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A form of “gin‐trap” is described in Sternocera castanea, and the possible protection against predators afforded by it and by a ventral spine in Hydrous senegalensis is discussed.
Nocturnal flight activity of sylvan Culicidae and Tabanidae (Diptera) as indicated by light‐traps: a further study
Authors: Corbet Philip S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Observations made by means of light traps operated at seven different levels in and above the canopy of the Zika Forest, Uganda are described, and the nocturnal flight activity of 41 species of mosquitoes and 7 species of Tabanids is discussed.
Inbreeding and arrhenotoky in the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus compactus (Eichh.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Entwistle P. F.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the composition of populations in galleries formed by Xyleborus compactus in stems of coffee and cocoa in Western Nigeria. The incidence of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis and of a high degree of inbreeding is described and the possible significance of inbreeding in regard to variation in morphology and behaviour is discussed.
The possible rôle of haemoglobin in Anisops and Buenoa (Hemiptera: Notonectidae)
Authors: Miller P. L.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the abdominal respiratory structures in Anisops pellucens and A. debilis (Notonectids common in small bodies of water in Uganda), which contain haemoglobin in specialised cells in the abdomen. The dive characteristics of these water bugs are described and compared with those of species that lack haemoglobin. Modifications of the dive brought about by the introduction of carbon monoxide are examined. The possible adaptive significance of the invasion of the midwater zone and the adoption of a pelagic existence by the Anisopinae is discussed.
The biology and immature stages of two species of Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) associated with the bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.)
Authors: Beaver R. A.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the seasonal history of Medetera nitida and M. impigra, the larvae of which are predators of the bark beetle Scolytus scolytus, and observations on oviposition and larval feeding are recorded. The immature stages are described and compared.
Observations on the larval morphology and life history of Olesicoccus costalimai Borgmeier (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Jamaica
Authors: Parnell J. R.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The immature stages of Olesicoccus costalimai are described, and an account of its life history is given.
Nocturnal flight cycle in the males of African doryline ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Haddow A. J. , Yarrow I. H. H. , Lancaster G. A. , Corbet Philip S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of light‐trap catches of ants of the genus Dorylus at two localities in Uganda.
The spiracular gill of the fly, Antocha bifida, as seen with the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Hinton H. E.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The structure and function of the plastron‐bearing spiracular gills of the pupa of a tipulid fly, Antocha bifida, are described. The structure of the plastron has been examined with a scanning electron microscope. The significance of the two tissue reservoirs of the gill is discussed.
The mating plug in anopheline mosquitoes
Authors: Giglioli M. E. C. , Mason G. F.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the formation of the mating plug in the atrium of newly mated females of Anopheles from genital secretions of the male and female. The function of these secretions, and of the mating plug, is discussed.
Observations on biology in the genus Caryedon Schönherr (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Northern Nigeria, with a list of associated parasitic Hymenoptera
Authors: Prevett P. F.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Observations on the biology of the eleven species of Caryedon found in Northern Nigeria are recorded. A list of the parasitic Hymenoptera associated with Caryedon infestations is included.
The life history of a tube‐dwelling Cercopoid:Machaerota coronataMaa (Homoptera: Machaerotidae)
Authors: Marshall A. T. , Marshall P. M.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the life history ofMachaerota coronata, and the construction of dwelling tubes by first and second instar nymphs is described.
The mouthparts of some common genera of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Eastop V. F.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The mouth parts of eleven genera of Aphidiinae are described, and the chaetotaxy of the mentum and stipes is illustrated.
Field records of Saltatorial Orthoptera collected in Western Tanzania
Authors: Robertson Ian A. D.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Records of 134 species of Orthoptera from Western Tanzania include localities and months of capture. The plants on which they were collected are recorded, and observations on feeding are included. Notes are given on the life‐history of Zonocerus elegans.
Aspects of the biology of Microvelia macgregori Kirkaldy (Heteroptera: Veliidae)
Authors: Don A. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of oviposition, the development of the egg, the postnatal moult and the duration of the larval instars in Microvelia macgregori.

The phenomenon of alary polymorphism is discussed in the light of prevailing theories.
Experimental studies on diapause in stoneflies III. Eggs of Brachyptera risi (Morton)
Authors: Khoo S. G.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of development within the egg of Brachyptera risi. The effect of different environmental conditions on the duration of diapause is discussed.
The incidence of diapause in Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan
Authors: Khalifa A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the occurrence of diapause in Pectinophora gossypiella in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. The incidence and duration of diapause throughout two successive cotton seasons are discussed.
The internal morphology of the reproductive systems of some psocid species
Authors: Kai Wong Siu , Thornton Ian W. B.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the types of testes and seminal vesicles, and of the numbers of ovarioles and their eggs in representatives of 17 families of Psocoptera.
Further data on the oviposition by the genus Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) upon adult calyptrate Diptera associated with ants and animal dung
Authors: Smith Kenneth G. V.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Eggs of Stylogaster are recorded for the first time on adults of the calyptrate genera Bengalia, Tricyclea and Hemigymnochaeta (Calliphoridae), and Sromoxys, Bdellia, Phaonia, Emmesomyia and Helina (Muscidae). The connection of the hosts with Stylogaster, through their association with ants or animal dung, is discussed. It is suggested that a record in the literature, of Stylogaster reared from a puparium of Glossina morsitans is in error.
Aerial dispersal of some British Psocoptera, as indicated by suction trap catches
Authors: New T. R.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the numbers of Psocoptera taken in suction traps at Silwood Park, Berkshire, over seven seasons. The flight activity of several species is discussed in relation to their bionomics, and flight muscle autolysis and alary polymorphism are briefly discussed.
The biology of giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) in Trinidad
Authors: Cullen M. J.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the habitat, feeding habits, life history and dispersal of Belostoma malkini and Lethocerus maximus in Trinidad. Degeneration of the flight muscles is described, and the factors involved in its control are discussed.
Simple adaptation of the non‐stereoscopic microscope for stereoscopic viewing of small insect parts
Authors: Hewlett P. S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of how the standard microscope, with a single objective and binocular head, can be adapted for stereoscopic viewing of small mounted parts of insects.
External parasitisation and blood‐feeding by the lepidopterous larvaEpipyrops anomalaWestwood
Authors: Marshall A. T.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The life habits ofEpipyrops anomalaare described with particular reference to cocoon formation and the manner in which the larva lives as an external parasite ofFulgora candelaria.A description of feeding and of the structure of the alimentary canal is also given.
The male genitalia of Apis dorsata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Simpson J.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The aedeagus of Apis dorsata is described, and compared with that of the other three species of Apis.
DIE GATTUNG ASIDOBLAPS, FAIRM. (COL., TENEBR.)
Authors: SCHUSTER ADRIAN
Published: August 2010

Von Adrian Schuster
A second species of Tabanotelum (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Mauritius
Authors: Oldroyd H.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Cydistomyia, subgenus Tabanotelum, is described from a specimen collected in Mauritius.
Mosquitoes of New Guinea (Diptera: Culicidae) Part IX.—Further new species of Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga and notes on the genus.
Authors: Peters W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

In the present paper, the third related to the genus Uranotaenia1 and the last of this current series on the taxonomy of mosquitoes from New Guinea, two new species are described, the systematic position of these and the species described in Part VIII are discussed, and the taxonomic status of other species is clarified. A revised checklist of the genus for the South Pacific is presented.
A synopsis of the South American mutillid genus Reedomutilla, nom. nov. for Reedia André(nee Ashmead) (Hymenoptera)*
Authors: Mickel Clarence E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The new name Reedomutilla is proposed for the genus Reedia, and keys to the species are given. The data that accompany all the described specimens are detailed and the present location of the specimens is indicated.
Three new species of Frutillaria Rich. (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) from Chile
Authors: Richards O. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Three new species of Frutillaria are described from Chile and a key is given to all species of the genus.
Some taxonomic observations on the British Delphacidae (Hemiptera)
Authors: Quesne W. J. Le
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The identity of the genus Delphacodes is discussed and 30 British species formerly referred to that genus are transferred to 12 different genera; of these, two are redefined, each comprised of two subgenera; the characters distinguishing these are given in two keys. The British species of the genus Criomorphus are regrouped under four genera. The status of the British forms of Kelisia is discussed.
A new Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) from the East African coastal lowlands
Authors: Gillies M. T.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Adults, of both sexes, and the larval and pupal stages of a new species of Anopheles from the coastal region of Kenya and Tanganyika are described. Brief notes on distribution, feeding habits and breeding sites are given.
Two new genera of mayflies from the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)*
Authors: Peters William L. , Gillies M. T. , Edmunds George F.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new genus of Leptophlebiidae is established for four Ethiopian and Oriental species, hitherto referred to Hagenulus, and one new species from Tanganyika, the male, female and immature stages of which are described. A second new genus is erected for H. scotti on the basis of new nymphal and adult material from Mahé Island.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XI
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Malaisemyia is described from material from Manipur. One species of Dicranota (Rhaphidolabina) from Assam and two species of the same subgenus from Sikkim are described as new. Four new species of Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) are described from material from Sikkim.
Additions to the British fauna of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Askew R. R.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Observations are given on five species of Elachertinae and Eulophinae (Eulophidae) new to Britain, two of which are described as new to science, one for the female only and the other for specimens of both sexes.
A new interpretation of Westwood's genus Eucerocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Odhiambo Thomas R.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The genus Eucrrocoris is redescribed from the type specimen. The subgenus Eucerocork (Rugwefellus) is raised to generic rank and subdivided into two subgenera, one of which is described as new. Nine of the ten species previously referred to Eucerocoris are now assigned to Ragwelellus.
A new species of Tabanus L. (Diptera: Tabanidae) from the Budongo Forest of Uganda
Authors: Crosskey R. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Tabanusfrom Uganda is described and assigned to sub‐group Ga of the patterned group of African Tabanus. Affinities of the species are discussed, and notes are given on the forest habitat
A key to species of Anicetus Howard, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and descriptions of new species from India
Authors: Rao B. R. Subba
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Two new species of Anicetusare described from females taken on Ceroplastes spp. in India, and additional characters are given for A. dodonia. A key to the known species of the genus and a host‐parasite index are included.
The genus Ventidius Distant (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Malaya, with a description of four new species
Authors: Cheng Lanna
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Four new species of Ventidius are described from males and females taken in Malaya, and a description is given of the hitherto unknown female of V. modulatus. A key to the seven species of Ventidius now recorded from Malaya is included.
Additional notes on Melinaea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Ithomiidae)
Authors: Fox Richard M.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The status and composition of several of the species of Melinaea in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) are discussed. A new subspecies of M. comma, from the Rothschild collection, is described, and neotypes are designated for four names for which the original types are missing.
A new species of Hoplacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Miltogramminae) from Uganda
Authors: Zumpt F.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new species of Hoplacephala, related to H. inermis, is described from four males taken in Uganda.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera).—XII
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Two new species of Ula (Metaula) are described from males and females taken in Sikkim and in Burma, Assam and Sikkim, respectively; two new species of Pedicia (Tricyphona) are described from Sikkim, one for both sexes and one for the male only. A new species of Dicranota (Dicranota) is described from a female taken in Sikkim; two new species of Dicranota (Rhaphidolabina) are described, one from a female taken in Sikkim and the other from males and females taken in Assam; a new species of Dicranota (Amalopina) and one of Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) are described from unique males taken in Assam.
Two new species of Micromyzus van der Goot, 1917 (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Carver Mary
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The alate viviparous females of two new species of Micromyzus, and the male of one of them, are described from sepciments taken in Australia and Ceylon.
A new species of Oryzaephilus (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from East Africa
Authors: Aitken AudreyD.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new species of Oryzaephilus is described from a male specimen found on coconuts imported from East Africa.
Notes on Iberian Dytiscoidea, I: Methlinae Guignot, 1936, a subfamily of Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) apparently new to Europe*
Authors: Franciscolo Mario E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of male and female specimens ofMethles cribratellustaken in southern Portugal. The distribution of the genus, hitherto unknown in Europe, is discussed.
A new genus of the Lycaotini (Blennocampinae) in Turkey (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Benson Robert B.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new genus of Lycaotini (Tenthredinidae, Blennocampinae) is erected to accommodate a species discovered recently in South Turkey, and a key is provided to show the relationship between the eight genera of this group now known in the world.
The genus Tetradelus Fauvel (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Steel W. O.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The genus Tetradelus and the only included species, T. trigonuroides, are redescribed.
A new genus and species of Pachymerinae (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from South America
Authors: Prevett P. F.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The female of a new species of Palm Bruchid (Pachymerinae) is described from Paraguay, Uruguay and the neighbouring Entre Rios District of Argentina. A new genus is erected for this species, and its relationships within the subfamily are indicated.
Saperda Fabricius, 1775 = Eutetrapha Bates, 1884, syn. n. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), with a catalogue, new records, colour variation and a key to the species*
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad , Abdullah Abida
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new synonymy (Saperda Fabricius, 1115 = Eutetrapha Bates, 1884) is proposed. Species formerly placed in Eutetrapha are transferred to Saperda and many new combinations are proposed. A key to 23 species and 5 varieties is given and a supplementary catalogue of the species is included. An account of new records and colour variation of the species in the Lyman Entomological Museum includes a note on copulation in S. lateralis.
Some British species of Chalarus and Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae)
Authors: Coe R. L.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Five new species of Chalarus and one new species of Verrallia are described. Redescriptions are given of the male and female of C. spurius and C. latifrons, the female of C. basalis and the male and female of V. pilosa.
On the genus Coptotermes in Africa (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Harris W. V.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Notes are given on three indigenous and one introduced species of Coptotermes present in the Ethiopian Region, and keys provided to assist in their identification. Their systematic position is discussed, and their geographical distribution illustrated.
A rare mimetic Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)*
Authors: Turner JohnR. G.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the characters, geographical variation and synonymy of Heliconius demeter, and a new subspecies, which brings important evidence to the study of mimicry, is described.
A new subfamily of Languriidae (Coleoptera) based on four genera, with a key to the species of Toramus
Authors: Gupta T. Sen
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new subfamily of Languriidae is erected to include the genera Atomarops, Empo‐cryptus, Toramus and Loberoschema, and the genera are redefined. A key is given to the species of Toramus represented in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), five of these species being described as new from material from Sumatra.
New species of Avdeicolu Clay, 1935 (Mallophaga: Ischnocera).
Authors: Hajela K. P. , Tandan B. K.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Descriptions are given for both sexes of two new species of Ardeicola, one from an Australian and the other from an Indian ibis.
New generic and specific synonymy in Oriental Tachinidae (Diptera)
Authors: Crosskey R. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

New generic and specific synonymy is established after examination of types as a pre‐liminary step towards the preparation of a catalogue of Oriental Tachinidae. Seventeen names of the genus‐group and 24 specific names are newly placed in synonymy, and 75 new combinations are established. Sixteen lectotypes and two neotypes are designated. One new generic and one new specific synonym in Australian Tachinidae are included.
The genus Liancalus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in the Ethiopian Region
Authors: Dyte C. E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Three new species of Liancalus, one from the West Aden Protectorate and two from Uganda, are described. The synonymy of the only other Ethiopian species, L. peringueyi, is discussed, and keys to the known Old World males, and to Ethiopian females of the genus are given.
The genus Chasmoptera (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae), with the description of a new species from Western Australia
Authors: Koch L. E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A key is given to the three species of Chasmoptera, one of which is described as new; the two previously known species, C. hutti and C. superba, are re‐described. The genitalia of Chasmoptera are figured and discussed.
A new genus and species of Philopteridae (Mallophaga)
Authors: Clay Theresa , Tandan B. K.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new genus is described for Docophorus longiceps, parasitic on Brachypteracias leptosomus, and for a new species from the same host, The possible affinity of the new genus is discussed.
Some new and little‐known species of Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Pacific and Far East
Authors: KEVAN D. KEITH McE.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new species of Tarbaleopsis is described from New Guinea, and new records are given for a number of rare or poorly known species of the genera Fijipyrgus (Fiji), Spinacris and Meubelia (Philippines), Modernacris (Solomons), Nerenia (New Caledonia), Stenoxyphula (New Guinea), Kuantania and Arbuscula (Indo‐China). The male of A. cambodjiana is described for the first time.
Notes on British Therevidae (Diptera)
Authors: LYNEBORG LEIF
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The species previously recorded from Britain as Psilocephala ardea and Thereva circumscripta are found to be P. rustica and T. valida, respectively. A single specimen of T. strigata is now recorded from Britain (Isle of Wight).
A new subfamily of Lygaeidae (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera) from Australia
Authors: Woodward T. E.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new subfamily of Lygaeidae is erected for a new genus and species, described from females taken in Victoria. The affinities of the subfamily are discussed.
The shore flies of the genus Stratiothyrea de Meijere (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: Cogan Brian H. , Wirth Willis W.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A second species of Stratiothyrea is described from males and females taken in New Guinea and adjacent islands. The male and female of S.femorata are redescribed.
A new genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Nematocera: Chironomidae) from Singapore*
Authors: Karunakaran Letha
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new monotypic genus of Tanypodinae is described from a male specimen collected from a hill stream in Singapore.
Three new species of African Peschetius Guignot (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Omer‐Cooper Joyce
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Three new species of the genus Pescherius are described. A key to the African species of the genus is given together with figures of their elytral pattern and aedeagi.
New genera and species of Urothripini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: STANNARD LEWIS J.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

These include two new monotypic genera, one erected for a new species from India and the other for a new species from New South Wales. Descriptions are given of a new species ofBaenothripsfrom Chile and two new species ofTransithrips, one from New South Wales and the other from Malaya. A key is given to the 17 genera of Urothripini now recognised.
TSC‐box is essential for the nuclear localization and antiproliferative effect of XTSC‐22
Authors: Hashiguchi Akiko , Hitachi Keisuke , Inui Masafumi , Okabayashi Koji , Asashima Makoto
Published: August 2010

Transforming growth factor‐β1‐stimulated clone 22 (TSC‐22) encodes a leucine zipper‐containing protein that is highly conserved among various species. Mammalian TSC‐22 is a potential tumor suppressor gene. It translocates into nuclei and suppresses cell division upon antiproliferative stimuli. In human colon carcinoma cells, TSC‐22 inhibits cell growth by upregulating expression of the p21 gene, a cyclin‐dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor. We previously showed that the Xenopus laevis homologue of the TSC‐22 gene (XTSC‐22) is required for cell movement during gastrulation through cell cycle regulation. In this report, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of XTSC‐22. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis suggested that XTSC‐22 did not affect the expression levels of the p21 family of Cdk inhibitors or other cell cycle regulators. Analysis of deletion mutants of XTSC‐22 revealed that nuclear localization of the N‐terminal TSC‐box is necessary for cell cycle inhibition by XTSC‐22. Further experiments suggested that p27Xic1, a key Cdk inhibitor in Xenopus, interacts with XTSC‐22. Because p27Xic1 is a cell cycle inhibitor with a nuclear localization signal, it is possible that XTSC‐22 suppresses cell division by translocating into the nucleus with p27Xic1, where it may potentiate the intranuclear action of p27Xic1.
Tert expression and telomerase activity in gonads and somatic cells of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Pfennig Frank , Kind Barbara , Zieschang Freia , Busch Matthias , Gutzeit Herwig O.
Published: August 2010

A telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert) encoding gene was cloned from the testis of the teleost fish Oryzias latipes. The expression pattern of Japanese medaka tert (Ola_tert) was analyzed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Ola_tert was expressed in embryonic stages as well as in differentiated adult tissues. In tissues of adult medakas the highest tert expression was found in gonads and brain. Furthermore, two different splice variants were described and an Ola_tert antisense transcript was identified. The enzyme activity of Tert was determined using a non‐radioactive telomeric amplification protocol and the telomerase activity in various tissues was shown to correlate with the tert expression. The telomerase activity was found to be high in contrast to the generally low activity in differentiated human tissues.