bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving acute cardiac transplantation rejection therapy using ultrasound-targeted FK506-loaded microbubbles in rats
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Yihan , Wang Guohua , Jin Qiaofeng , Sun Zhenxing , Lv Qing , Wang Jing , Yang Yali , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing
Published: August 2019

FK506-MBs combined with the UTMD technique increased drug concentrations in transplanted hearts and enhanced the therapeutic effect.
Use of l-pNIPAM hydrogel as a 3D-scaffold for intestinal crypts and stem cell tissue engineering
Authors: Dosh Rasha H. , Jordan-Mahy Nicola , Sammon Christopher , Le Maitre Christine L.
Published: August 2019

Intestinal stem cells hold great potential in tissue regeneration of the intestine, however, there are key limitations in their culture in vitro.
Red light-triggered nucleic acid-templated reaction based on cyclic oligonucleotide substrates
Authors: Zozulia Oleksii , Bachmann Tobias , Deussner-Helfmann Nina S. , Beierlein Frank , Heilemann Mike , Mokhir Andriy
Published: August 2019

We developed a red light-triggered, fluorogenic chemical reaction based on cyclic oligonucleotide substrates that is accelerated over 30-fold by nucleic acid templates that allows quick and sequence specific detection of nucleic acid down to 1 nM.
Morphology-dependent electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction on Ag triangular nanoplates
Authors: Gao Wen-Yan , Hao Yu-Chen , Su Xin , Chen Li-Wei , Bu Tong-An , Zhang Nan , Yu Zi-Long , Zhu Zhejiaji , Yin An-Xiang
Published: August 2019

Ag triangle-nanoplates and potassium cations can synergistically promote electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions.
Chiral double stapled o-OPEs with intense circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Reine Pablo , Campaña Araceli G. , Alvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Blanco Victor , Abbate Sergio , Mota Antonio J. , Longhi Giovanna , Miguel Delia , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: August 2019

Chiral double stapled o-OPEs show glum values up to 5.5 × 10−2, the second highest for a simple organic molecule (SOM).
Reaction-based chiroptical sensing of ClO− using circularly polarized luminescence via self-assembly organogel
Authors: Gong Jun , Yu Maoxing , Wang Chunfei , Tan Jingyun , Wang Shichao , Zhao Shiyin , Zhao Zujin , Qin Anjun , Tang Benzhong , Zhang Xuanjun
Published: August 2019

A chiral amino acid functionalized probe, PTZ-D, could self-assemble into a chiral organogel displaying unprecedented chiroptical monitoring of ClO− with switchable CPL signals.
Helical assembly of a dithienogermole exhibiting switchable circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Hirano Kyohei , Ikeda Toshiaki , Fujii Naoka , Hirao Takehiro , Nakamura Masashi , Adachi Yohei , Ohshita Joji , Haino Takeharu
Published: August 2019

Chiral dithienogermoles possessing phenylisoxazoles were self-assembled to form the helical assemblies, exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence. The CPL signals were inverted in the elongation regime with respect to those in the nucleation regime.
Exploring short strong hydrogen bonds engineered in organic acid molecular crystals for temperature dependent proton migration behaviour using single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SCSXRD)
Authors: Saunders Lucy K. , Nowell Harriott , Hatcher Lauren E. , Shepherd Helena J. , Teat Simon J. , Allan David R. , Raithby Paul R. , Wilson Chick C.
Published: August 2019

Short strong hydrogen bonds in multi-component organic acid molecular crystals exhibit temperature dependent proton migration for certain HB donor–acceptor distances.
Unsaturated lipid bilayers at cryogenic temperature: librational dynamics of chain-labeled lipids from pulsed and CW-EPR
Authors: Aloi Erika , Guzzi Rita , Bartucci Rosa
Published: August 2019

Echo-detected EPR spectra are used to study the effects of acyl chain unsaturation on the librational motion of chain-labeled lipids in the low-temperature phases of POPC and DOPC bilayers.
Catalytic alkylation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation
Authors: Chen Zhen , Rong Meng-Yu , Nie Jing , Zhu Xue-Feng , Shi Bing-Feng , Ma Jun-An
Published: August 2019

This review summarizes recent advancements in catalytic direct transformation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds into C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds.
The effects of H2O on a vanadium-based catalyst for NH3-SCR at low temperatures: a quantitative study of the reaction pathway and active sites
Authors: Liu Kuo , Yan Zidi , He Hong , Feng Qingcai , Shan Wenpo
Published: August 2019

The effects of H2O on the adsorption amounts of NO, NO2, and NH3, NH3-SCR reaction pathway and active site distribution over V2O5/WO3–TiO2 at low temperatures were quantitatively studied by the TRM and TPSR.
Ceria–zirconia encapsulated Ni nanoparticles for CO2 methanation
Authors: Vrijburg Wilbert L. , van Helden Jolanda W. A. , Parastaev Alexander , Groeneveld Esther , Pidko Evgeny A. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: August 2019

Preparing Ni catalysts on ceria–zirconia via colloidal Ni nanoparticle encapsulation yields excellent particle size control, superior catalytic activity, and enhanced stability compared to conventional impregnation techniques.
Synthesis of tetra-pincer nickel(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes of resorcin[4]arene-octophosphinite [Res(OPR2)8] and rhodium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation reaction
Authors: Ananthnag Guddekoppa S. , Mondal Dipanjan , Mague Joel T. , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the synthesis of resorcin[4]arene based octaphosphinite ligands and their tetra-pincer NiII and PdII complexes and rhodium-octaphosphinite catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives.
Boron complexes of aromatic 5-substituted iminopyrrolyl ligands: synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties
Authors: Rodrigues Ana I. , Figueira Cláudia A. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Suresh D. , Ferreira Bruno , Di Paolo Roberto E. , Pereira Daniel de Sa , Dias Fernando B. , Calhorda Maria José , Morgado Jorge , Maçanita António L. , Gomes Pedro T.
Published: August 2019

Highly fluorescent new 5-substituted 2-iminopyrrolyl boron complexes were tested in OLEDs exhibiting luminances up to 23 530 cd m−2 and an EQEmax of 2.75%.
Phosphorization engineering ameliorated the electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting on Ni3S2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Pengyan , He Honglin , Pu Zonghua , Chen Lei , Zhang Chengtian , Wang Zhe , Mu Shichun
Published: August 2019

Ni3S2–Ni2P heterostructure nanosheets serve as a highly efficient water-splitting electrocatalyst in an alkaline medium.
Power-to-protein: converting renewable electric power and carbon dioxide into single cell protein with a two-stage bioprocess
Authors: Molitor Bastian , Mishra Akanksha , Angenent Largus T.
Published: August 2019

To prevent an environmental collapse while feeding a population of 10 billion people, dilute nitrogen in waste streams as a nitrogen source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source should be converted into edible protein as part of the circular economy.
Limits of exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates
Authors: Scholes Gregory D.
Published: August 2019

Limits for exciton delocalization and comparison to the Kuramoto model of coupled phase oscillators.
Benefits of blended oil consumption over other sources of lipids on the cardiovascular system in obese rats
Authors: Uriho Angelo , Yang Shaojun , Tang Xue , Liu Chang-Shu , Wang Sai , Cong Yang , Zhang Junwei , Zhou Peng
Published: August 2019

High consumption of cooking oils in modern society is believed to be the major cause of cardiovascular disease.
Ru/hydroxyapatite as a dual-functional catalyst for efficient transfer hydrogenolytic cleavage of aromatic ether bonds without additional bases
Authors: Hua Manli , Song Jinliang , Xie Chao , Wu Haoran , Hu Yue , Huang Xin , Han Buxing
Published: August 2019

Transfer hydrogenolytic cleavage of aromatic ether bonds could be efficiently carried out by employing Ru/hydroxyapatite as a dual-functional catalyst without additional bases.
A highly asymmetric interfacial superstructure in WC: expanding the classic grain boundary segregation and new complexion theories
Authors: Luo Zhishan , Hu Chongze , Xie Lin , Nie Hongbo , Xiang Congying , Gu Xinfu , He Jiaqing , Zhang Wenqing , Yu Zhiyang , Luo Jian
Published: August 2019

The discovery of a grain boundary superstructure with highly asymmetric and off-the-center segregation, along with interfacial disordering and symmetry change on the opposite sides, extends our knowledge of grain boundary segregation and complexions.
Long-term ambient air-stable cubic CsPbBr3perovskite quantum dots using molecular bromine
Authors: Thapa Surakcha , Bhardwaj Karishma , Basel Siddhant , Pradhan Sajan , Eling Charlotte J. , Adawi Ali M. , Bouillard Jean-Sebastien G. , Stasiuk Graeme J. , Reiss Peter , Pariyar Anand , Tamang Sudarsan
Published: August 2019

Temperature and precursor-controlledin situgenerated, oleylammonium halide species from molecular bromine and amine plays decisive role in the synthesis of long-term ambient stable and emission tunable CsPbBr3perovskite nanocrystals.
A three-dimensional nickel–cobalt oxide nanomaterial as an enzyme-mimetic electrocatalyst for the glucose and lactic acid oxidation reaction
Authors: Elakkiya Rajasekaran , Maduraiveeran Govindhan
Published: August 2019

Here we demonstrate a highly porous three-dimensional nickel–cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanomaterial as a potential glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme-mimicking catalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of glucose and lactic acid in alkaline medium.
A universal and controllable strategy of constructing transition-metal nitride heterostructures for highly enhanced bifunctional electrocatalysis
Authors: Chang Bin , Zhong Yueyao , Ai Zizheng , Zhang Jiaqi , Shi Dong , Zhang Kang , Shao Yongliang , Shen Jianxing , Huang Baibiao , Zhang Lei , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: August 2019

A family of transition-metal nitride heterostructures were synthesized by a universal and controllable method to remedy the drawbacks of ordinary bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Catalytic synthesis of benzimidazoles and organic carbamates using a polymer supported zinc catalyst through CO2 fixation
Authors: Biswas Imdadul Haque , Biswas Surajit , Islam Md Sarikul , Riyajuddin Sk , Sarkar Priyanka , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk Manirul
Published: August 2019

Zinc metal is attached to the organically modified polystyrene and the obtained catalyst is well characterized. The catalyst is very efficient for the formation of benzimidazoles and organic carbamates through carbon dioxide fixation.
Ruthenium carbonyl complexes supported by pyridine-alkoxide ligands: synthesis, structure and catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols
Authors: Zong Siqi , Liu Kang , Yue Xiaohui , Hao Zhiqiang , Ma Zhihong , Han Zhangang , Lu Guo-Liang , Lin Jin
Published: August 2019

Five novel trinuclear ruthenium carbonyl complexes were synthesized and their application in oxidation of secondary alcohols was also researched.
Mechanistic insights and origin of chemoselectivity for S–O bond cleavage in dinitrobenzenesulfonic carbamates
Authors: Zhao Miao , Xiao Yang , Qiao Yan
Published: August 2019

A computational study on the NHC-catalyzed chemoselective S–O bond cleavage in dinitrobenzenesulfonic carbamates.
Rational design of nanosystems for simultaneous drug delivery and photodynamic therapy by quantum mechanical modeling
Authors: Kaviani Moloud , Di Valentin Cristiana
Published: August 2019

Multiscale quantum chemical study of dopamine-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles loaded by doxorubicin with applications in drug delivery and photodynamic therapy.
Locally-ordered PtNiPb ternary nano-pompons as efficient bifunctional oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation catalysts
Authors: Cheng Na , Zhang Ling , Jiang Hao , Zhou Yingjie , Yu Shengwei , Chen Liyuan , Jiang Haibo , Li Chunzhong
Published: August 2019

Ternary PtNiPb NPs integrating the merits of a highly open structure, local-ordering and embedded Pb atoms as efficient bifunctional catalysts.
Influence of block sequence on the colloidal self-assembly of poly(norbornene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic block polymers using rapid injection processing
Authors: Lang Chao , Kumar Manish , Hickey Robert J.
Published: August 2019

A facile self-assembly method, rapid injection, was used to study the self-assembly difference between AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers.
The influence of mixing on chain extension by photo-controlled/living radical polymerization under continuous-flow conditions
Authors: Zhong Fuyao , Zhou Yang , Chen Mao
Published: August 2019

Continuous-flow chemistry holds powerful potential for polymer synthesis, and has attracted increasing attention in recent years.
Oxidative stress generated at nickel oxide nanoparticle interface results in bacterial membrane damage leading to cell death
Authors: Behera Nibedita , Arakha Manoranjan , Priyadarshinee Mamali , Pattanayak Biraja S. , Soren Siba , Jha Suman , Mallick Bairagi C.
Published: August 2019

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown enhanced antibacterial effects against many bacteria.
Mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoflower constructed from nanosheets as electroactive materials for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Fengxia , Tian Xueli , Gu Yanru , Zhang Keqiang , Liu Lu
Published: August 2019

Mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoflower constructed form nanosheets was successfully fabricated and showed efficient electrocatalytic performance as electroactive materials for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Regiospecific synthesis of polysubstituted furans with mono- to tricarboxylates from various sulfonium acylmethylides and acetylenic esters
Authors: Dong Jun , Du Hongguang , Xu Jiaxi
Published: August 2019

Polysubstituted furans with mono- to tricarboxylates were prepared in moderate to good yields from various dimethylsulfonium acylmethylides and acetylenic esters.
Theoretical investigations of thermoelectric phenomena in binary semiconducting skutterudites
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Khan Banaras , Ahmad Iftikhar , Saleemi Awais Siddique , Rehman Najeebur , Rahnamaye Aliabad H. A. , Uddin Sarir
Published: August 2019

In this study, we explored the thermoelectric properties of the host thermoelectric materials (TM), namely, binary skutterudites, using a combination of simulations based on density functional theory and post-DFT Boltzmann's semiclassical theory.
Failure behavior of nylon products for red phosphorus flame retardant electrical connectors
Authors: Chen Zhi , Du Jianxin , Li Xiangmei , Xie Zhili , Wang Yan , Wang Huiping , Zheng Jiechang , Yang Rongjie
Published: August 2019

The failure mechanism of red phosphorus retardant PA66 electrical connectors is investigated.
TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide and alter gene expression in human lung cells
Authors: Jayaram Dhanya T. , Kumar Ashwath , Kippner Linda E. , Ho Po-Yi , Kemp Melissa L. , Fan Yuhong , Payne Christine K.
Published: August 2019

Human lung cells have a multi-generational response to TiO2 nanoparticle exposure determined by RNA-Seq and fluorescence microscopy.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.55Bi0.05Sr0.4CoO3 and their implementation in critical behaviour study and spontaneous magnetization estimation
Authors: Saadaoui F. , M. Nofal Muaffaq , M'nassri R. , Koubaa M. , Chniba-Boudjada N. , Cheikhrouhou A.
Published: August 2019

In this work, we present the results of the magnetic, critical, and magnetocaloric properties of the rhombohedral-structured La0.55Bi0.05Sr0.4CoO3 cobaltite.
A novel carboxylic-functional indole-based aerogel for highly effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution via synergistic effects of face–point and point–point interactions
Authors: Yang Li , Yang Peng , Ma Yuanchi , Chang Guanjun
Published: August 2019

A new type of carboxylic-functional indole-based aerogel (CHIFA) has been successfully prepared, which possessed highly effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution through the synergistic effects of face–point and point–point interactions.
Physicochemical compatibility of highly-concentrated solvate ionic liquids and a low-viscosity solvent
Authors: Takahashi Keitaro , Ishino Yuki , Murata Wataru , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Tsuzuki Seiji , Watanabe Masayoshi , Takaba Hiromitsu , Seki Shiro
Published: August 2019

Highly-concentrated and low viscosity electrolyte for Li–S batteries.
Tumor homing peptide modified liposomes of capecitabine for improved apoptotic activity and HER2 targeted therapy in breast cancer: in vitro studies
Authors: Singh Mantosh Kumar , Pindiprolu Sai Kiran S. S. , Reddy Sanapalli Bharat Kumar , Yele Vidyasrilekha , Ganesh G. N. K.
Published: August 2019

Tumor homing peptide modified liposomes loaded with capecitabine (CAP) were prepared in the present study. The in vitro efficacy was tested in breast cancer cells.
Precision synthesis of 3-substituted urushiol analogues and the realization of their urushiol-like performance
Authors: Wei Zengfeng , Chen Xin , Duan Jiang , Mei Caihong , Xiao Dan , Zhang Aidong
Published: August 2019

Regioselective Mannich reaction was performed on catechol, yielding 3-substituted urushiol analogues that could be electropolymerized to achieve the desirable urushiol-like performance.
Mass-producible 2D-WS2 bulk modified screen printed electrodes towards the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hughes Jack P. , Blanco Felipe D. , Banks Craig E. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J.
Published: August 2019

Two dimensional tungsten disulphide screen-printed electrodes display efficient electrocatalysis towards the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Biological activity evaluation and action mechanism of chalcone derivatives containing thiophene sulfonate
Authors: Guo Tao , Xia Rongjiao , Chen Mei , He Jun , Su Shijun , Liu Liwei , Li Xiangyang , Xue Wei
Published: August 2019

Synthesis, antibacterial, antiviral activities and action mechanism of chalcone derivatives containing thiophene sulfonate.
A mechanically durable, sustained corrosion-resistant photothermal nanofiber membrane for highly efficient solar distillation
Authors: Xu Ying , Xu Hongbo , Zhu Zhigao , Hou Haoqing , Zuo Jinlong , Cui Fuyi , Liu Dongmei , Wang Wei
Published: August 2019

A core–shell structured PDA/PEI/PPy@PI nanofibrous membrane with excellent wet mechanical strength, efficient solar evaporation and sustained anti-corrosion capacity.
A carbon dot-catalyzed transesterification reaction for the production of biodiesel
Authors: Macina Alexia , de Medeiros Tayline V. , Naccache Rafik
Published: August 2019

Biodiesel fuel production remains one of the most promising alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels such as conventional oil and diesel.
Chemically inert covalently networked triazole-based solid polymer electrolytes for stable all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Shi Yi , Chen Yang , Liang Yanliang , Andrews Justin , Dong Hui , Yuan Mengying , Ding Wenyue , Banerjee Sarbajit , Ardebili Haleh , Robertson Megan L. , Cui Xiaoli , Yao Yan
Published: August 2019

Chemically inert covalently networked solid polymer electrolytes with triazole groups as crosslinks were developed for all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Electrospun flexible nanofibrous membranes for oil/water separation
Authors: Zhang Jichao , Zhang Feng , Song Jun , Liu Lifang , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: August 2019

This review focuses on electrospun flexible nanofibrous membranes with tunable wettability for oil/water separation, and future perspectives are discussed.
Accelerated Li–S chemistry at a cooperative interface built in situ
Authors: Song Yingze , Sun Zhongti , Cai Jingsheng , Wei Nan , Wang Menglei , Shao Yuanlong , Liu Zhongfan , Sun Jingyu
Published: August 2019

The synergistic catalyzing effect in the Li–S system can realize the coupling of Li+-ion diffusion and electron transfer at the cooperative graphene-TiO2 interface.
An efficient heterodinuclear Ir(iii)/Pt(ii) complex: synthesis, photophysics and application in light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Shafikov Marsel Z. , Tang Shi , Larsen Christian , Bodensteiner Michael , Kozhevnikov Valery N. , Edman Ludvig
Published: August 2019

A novel heterodinuclear Ir(iii)/Pt(ii) complex delivers vibrant red phosphorescence with high efficiency in a light-emitting electrochemical cell.
Synthesis of magnetically separable Fe3O4–Au–CdS kinked heterotrimers incorporating plasmonic and semiconducting functionalities
Authors: Javaid Shaghraf , Li Xiaojie , Wang Fei , Chen Wei , Pang Yingping , Wang Shaobin , Jia Guohua , Jones Franca
Published: August 2019

In a straightforward two-step synthesis process, Au–Fe3O4 dimer was injected as a seed into the Cd precursor solution yielding a hybrid heterotrimer of Fe3O4–Au–CdS, integrating magnetic, plasmonic and semiconducting functionalities in one-particle.
The chronic effect of amorphous silica nanoparticles and benzo[a]pyrene co-exposure at low dose in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Jie , Nie Jihua , Duan Junchao , Shi Yanfeng , Feng Lin , Yang Xiaozhe , An Yan , Sun Zhiwei
Published: August 2019

As the main components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) have attracted increasing attention recently. However, co-exposure to SiNPs and B[a]P causes pulmonary injury by aggravating toxicity via an unknown mechanism. This study aimed at investigating the toxicity caused due to long-term co-exposure to SiNPs and B[a]P on pulmonary systems at low dose using human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. The characterizations of SiNPs and B[a]P were done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential granulometry. Cytotoxicity is evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity; oxidative stress, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and inflammatory factors were detected using a Luminex xMAP system. Results show an obvious inhibition of cell proliferation and a marked increase in the LDH expression in the BEAS-2B cells after long-term co-exposure. Furthermore, long-term co-exposure is the most potent in generating intracellular ROS, thus causing inflammation. Cellular apoptotic rate is enhanced in the co-exposed group at low dose. Moreover, the long-term co-exposure induces significant cell cycle arrest, increasing the proportion of cells at the G2/M phase, while decreasing those at the G0/G1 phase. This study is the first attempt to reveal the severe synergistic and additive toxic effects induced by SiNPs and B[a]P co-exposure for long-term in BEAS-2B cells even at low dose.
Neuroprotection of reduced thyroid hormone with increased estrogen and progestogen in postpartum depression
Authors: Li Dan , Li Yangyao , Chen Yun , Li Haiyan , She Yuqi , Zhang Xialan , Chen Shuang , Chen Wanying , Qiu Guodong , Huang Haiqing , Zhang Shuyao
Published: August 2019

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common serious mental health problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that hormone therapy serves as a promising therapeutic approach in managing PPD. The present study aims at exploring the role of thyroid hormone (TH), estrogen and progestogen in patients with PPD.

Methods: Initially, PPD patients were enrolled and a PPD mouse model was established. The serum levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were subsequently measured. Next, in order to identify the effects of TH, estrogen and progestogen on PPD progression, mice were administrated with E2, P, contraceptives (CA), Euthyrox and methimazole (MMI). Besides, the body weight, activities, basolateral amygdala (BLA) neuron cell structure and the related gene expression of mice were analyzed.

Results: The PPD patients and the mice showed elevated serum levels of T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 along with diminished E2, P and TSH levels. In the mice administered with a combination of E2, P, and MMI, decreased TH and increased estrogen and progestogen were detected, which resulted in increased body weight, normal activities, and BLA neuron cell structure. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) were both up-regulated in PPD mice administrated with a combination of E2, P, and MMI, which was accompanied by decreased TH and elevated estrogen and progestogen.

Conclusion: Taken together, reduced TH combined with enhanced estrogen and progestogen confers neuroprotection in PPD, highlighting a potential target in prevention and treatment of PPD.
Applying vibration in early postmenopausal osteoporosis promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and suppresses postmenopausal osteoporosis progression
Authors: Li Huiming , Wu Wenchao , He Xueling , Cao Chengjian , Yu Xiaoqin , Zeng Ye , Li Liang
Published: August 2019

We aimed to evaluate whether applying low magnitude vibration (LMV) in early postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) suppresses its progression, and to investigate underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomly divided into Sham (Sham-operated), Sham+V, OVX (ovariectomized), OVX+E2 (estradiol benzoate), OVX+V (LMV at 12–20 weeks postoperatively), and OVX+Vi (LMV at 1–20 weeks postoperatively) groups. LMV was applied for 20 min once daily for 5 days weekly. V rats were loaded with LMV at 12–20 weeks postoperatively. Vi rats were loaded with LMV at 1–20 weeks postoperatively. Estradiol (E2) rats were intramuscularly injected at 12–20 weeks postoperatively once daily for 3 days. The bone mineral densities (BMDs), biomechanical properties, and histomorphological parameters of tibiae were analyzed. In vitro, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were subjected to LMV for 30 min daily for 5 days, or 17β-E2 with or without 1-day pretreatment of estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor ICI 182,780 (ICI). The mRNA and protein expresion were performed. Data showed that LMV increased BMD, bone strength, and bone mass of rats, and the effects of Vi were stronger than those of E2. In vitro, LMV up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Runx2, Osx, Col I, and OCN and down-regulated PPARγ, compared with E2. The effects of both LMV and E2 on rBMSCs were inhibited by ICI. Altogether, LMV in early PMO suppresses its progression, which is associated with osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs via up-regulation of ERα and activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. LMV may therefore be superior to E2 for the suppression of PMO progression.
Average Formant Trajectories
Authors: Sandoval Steven , Utianski Rene L. , Lehnert-LeHouillier Heike
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The use and study of formant frequencies for the description of vowels is commonplace in acoustic phonetics and in attempts to understand results of speech perception studies. Numerous studies have shown that listeners are better able to distinguish vowels when the acoustic parameters are based on spectral information extracted at multiple time points during the duration of the vowel, rather than at a single point in time. The purpose of this study was to validate an automated method for extracting formant trajectories, using information across the time course of production, and subsequently characterize the formant trajectories of vowels using a large, diverse corpus of speech samples.

Method

Using software tools, we automatically extract the 1st 2 formant frequencies (F1/F2) at 10 equally spaced points over a vowel's duration. Then, we compute the average trajectory for each vowel token. The 1,600 vowel observations in the Hillenbrand database and the more than 50,000 vowel observations in the TIMIT database are analyzed.

Results

First, we validate the automated method by comparing against the manually obtained values in the Hillenbrand database. Analyses reveal a strong correlation between the automated and manual formant estimates. Then, we use the automated method on the 630 speakers in the TIMIT database to compute average formant trajectories. We noted that phonemes that have close F1 and F2 values at the temporal midpoint often exhibit formant trajectories progressing in different directions, hence highlighting the importance of formant trajectory progression.

Conclusions

The results of this study support the importance of formant trajectories over single-point measurements for the successful discrimination of vowels. Furthermore, this study provides a baseline for the formant trajectories for men and women across a broad range of dialects of Standard American English.
Comparison of time–distance inversion methods applied to SDO/HMI Dopplergrams
Authors: Korda David , Švanda Michal , Zhao Junwei
Published: August 2019

Context. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite has been observing the Sun since 2010. The uninterrupted series of Dopplergrams are ideal for studying the dynamics of the upper solar convection zone. Within the Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC) the time–distance inversions for flows and sound-speed perturbations were introduced. The automatic pipeline has produced flow and sound-speed maps every 8 h. We verify the results of JSOC inversions by comparing the data products to equivalent results from inverse modelling obtained by an independent inversion pipeline.

Aims. We compared the results from the JSOC pipeline for horizontal flow components and the perturbations of the speed of sound at set of depths with equivalent results from an independently implemented pipeline using a different time–distance inversion scheme. Our inversion pipeline allows inversion for all quantities at once while allowing minimisation of the crosstalk between them. This gives us an opportunity to discuss the possible biases present in the JSOC data products.

Methods. For the tests we used the subtractive optimally localised averaging (SOLA) method with a minimisation of the cross-talk. We compared three test inversions for each quantity at each target depth. At first, we used the JSOC setup to reproduce the JSOC results. Subsequently, we used the extended pipeline to improve these results by incorporating more independent travel-time measurements but keeping the JSOC-indicated localisation in the Sun. Finally, we inverted for flow components and sound-speed perturbations using a localisation kernel with properties advertised in the JSOC metadata.

Results. We successfully reproduced the horizontal flow components. The sound-speed perturbations are strongly affected by the high level of the cross-talk in JSOC products. This leads to larger amplitudes in the inversions for the sound-speed perturbations. Different results were obtained when a target function localised around the target depth was used. This is a consequence of non-localised JSOC averaging kernels. We add that our methodology also allows inversion for the vertical flow.
Geometrical and morphometrical tools for the inclusion analysis of metallic alloys
Authors: Debayle Johan
Published: August 2019

The mechanical and use properties of metal alloys depend on several factors, including the amount and the geometry of impurities (inclusions). In this context, image analysis enables these inclusions to be studied from digital images acquired by various systems such as optical/electron microscopy or X-ray tomography. This paper therefore aims to present some geometrical and morphometrical tools of image analysis, in order to characterize inclusions in metal alloys. To achieve this quantification, many geometrical and morphometrical features are traditionally used to quantitatively describe a population of objects (inclusions). Integral geometry, via Minkowski’s functionals (in 2D: area, perimeter, Euler-Poincaré number), has been particularly investigated in image analysis. Nevertheless, they are sometimes insufficient for the characterization of complex microstructures (such as aggregates/agglomerates of objects). Other quantitative parameters are then necessary in order to discriminate or group different families of objects. In particular, shape diagrams are mathematical representations in the Euclidean plane for studying the morphology (shape) of objects, regardless of their size. In addition, this representation also makes it possible to analyze the evolution from one shape to another. In conclusion, image analysis using integral geometry and shape diagrams provide efficient tools with known mathematical properties to quantitatively describe inclusions (providing separate information on size and shape). The geometrical characteristics of these inclusions could thereafter be related to the mechanical properties of the metal alloys.
TiN formation in steels depending of titanium and nitrogen
Authors: Lucas Emmanuel , Drillet Pascal , Boi Gianni
Published: August 2019

In today’s steel automotive industry, press hardened steels meet requirements of a lower CO2 consumption and of a better safety of drivers. These steels contain titanium nitrides which can downgrade the in-use properties. From this laboratory study, with a wide range of N (20–120 ppm) combined with high Ti variations (20–110.10−3 wt.%), clear conclusions can be highlighted. Titanium content is the key parameter to drive inclusions content, more than N, as there is a high segregation of Ti in the last liquid, due to a low partition coefficient combined with a low back-diffusion coefficient. Due to this supersaturation in Ti, TiC can be formed. It does not mean that N has no effect. It has to be noticed that the density of inclusions coarser than two microns is highly dependent of the product [Ti] × [N]. Carbon is a very important factor too to take into account as the surpersaturation in Ti in presence of austenite is higher than in presence of delta-ferrite. This gives a few guidelines in the design of inclusions controlled new grades.
Progesterone for the Prevention of Preterm Birth – an Update of Evidence-Based Indications
Authors: Kuon Ruben-J. , Voß Pauline , Rath Werner
Published: August 2019

The prevention and treatment of preterm birth remains one of the biggest challenges in obstetrics. Worldwide, 11% of all children are born prematurely with far-reaching consequences for the children concerned, their families and the health system. Experimental studies suggest that progesterone inhibits uterine contractions, stabilises the cervix and has immunomodulatory effects. Recent years have seen the publication of numerous clinical trials using progestogens for the prevention of preterm birth. As a result of different inclusion criteria and the use of different progestogens and their methods of administration, it is difficult to draw comparisons between these studies. A critical evaluation of the available studies was therefore carried out on the basis of a search of the literature (1956 to 09/2018). Taking into account the most recent randomised, controlled studies, the following evidence-based recommendations emerge: In asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancies and a short cervical length on ultrasound of ≤ 25 mm before 24 weeks of gestation (WG), daily administration of vaginal progesterone (200 mg capsule or 90 mg gel) up until 36 + 6 WG leads to a significant reduction in the preterm birth rate and an improvement in neonatal outcome. The latest data also suggest positive effects of treatment with progesterone in cases of twin pregnancies with a short cervical length on ultrasound of ≤ 25 mm before 24 WG. The study data for the administration of progesterone in women with singleton pregnancies with a previous preterm birth have become much more heterogeneous, however. It is not possible to make a general recommendation for this indication at present, and decisions must therefore be made on a case-by-case basis. Even if progesterone use is considered to be safe in terms of possible long-term consequences, exposure should be avoided where it is not indicated. Careful patient selection is crucial for the success of treatment.
N-Alkynyl Pyrrole Based Total Synthesis of Shensongine A
Authors: Reinus Brandon J. , Kerwin Sean M.
Published: August 2019

A copper-catalyzed N-alkynylation of pyrrole and a gold-catalyzed spiroketalization were key steps in the total synthesis of the pyrrole spiroketal alkaloid shensongine A. The preparation of this alkaloid is concise and amenable to the rapid synthesis of a diverse library of compounds.
IT-Geschäft: Agfa will sich von KIS-Sparte trennen
Authors: Heeser Alexandra , Doelfs Guntram
Published: August 2019

Branchenführer Agfa will sich von seiner KIS-Sparte trennen. Der Verwaltungsrat des Unternehmens prüft derzeit die Möglichkeit, die Geschäftsbereiche Krankenhaus-IT und das IT-Geschäft im Bereich Bildgebung zu veräußern. Ein Verkauf steht frühestens Ende des Jahres an.
Effect of inhomogeneous magnetic field on plasma generation in a low magnetic field helicon discharge
Authors: Yadav Sonu , Barada Kshitish K. , Ghosh Soumen , Ghosh Joydeep , Chattopadhyay Prabal K.
Published: August 2019

Efficient plasma production by a helicon wave in a nonuniform magnetic field near the antenna center is being reported here. Experiments are carried out with different nonuniformities of the magnetic field near the antenna keeping the magnetic field at the center of the antenna <100 G. Coupling efficiencies are studied by measuring the antenna current with and without plasma. Plasma production efficiencies are also estimated in all the different magnetic field topologies. It has been observed that the coupling efficiency increases with the magnetic field nonuniformity. Observation of the beat wave in the axial variation of the axial wave magnetic field suggests the presence of different radial wavemodes. Measurements of the axial wavenumber along with the estimation of the radial wavenumber suggest wave propagation near the resonance cone causing more absorption. It is found that the density obtained by introducing a nonuniform magnetic field results in a higher density than the conventional helicon. Finally, the wavelength is measured for the nonuniform magnetic field near the antenna when the magnetic field is kept at 25 G and 50 G at the antenna center. For the 25 G case, the measured axial wavelength is found to be twice the length of the antenna. This suggests that the half wavelength antenna excites the full wavelength helicon wave. However, in the 50 G case, the measured wavelength is shown to be approximately equal to the antenna length.
Asymptotic solutions of fractional interval differential equations with nonsingular kernel derivative
Authors: Salahshour S. , Ahmadian A. , Salimi M. , Ferrara M. , Baleanu D.
Published: August 2019

Realizing the behavior of the solution in the asymptotic situations is essential for repetitive applications in the control theory and modeling of the real-world systems. This study discusses a robust and definitive attitude to find the interval approximate asymptotic solutions of fractional differential equations (FDEs) with the Atangana-Baleanu (A-B) derivative. In fact, such critical tasks require to observe precisely the behavior of the noninterval case at first. In this regard, we initially shed light on the noninterval cases and analyze the behavior of the approximate asymptotic solutions, and then, we introduce the A-B derivative for FDEs under interval arithmetic and develop a new and reliable approximation approach for fractional interval differential equations with the interval A-B derivative to get the interval approximate asymptotic solutions. We exploit Laplace transforms to get the asymptotic approximate solution based on the interval asymptotic A-B fractional derivatives under interval arithmetic. The techniques developed here provide essential tools for finding interval approximation asymptotic solutions under interval fractional derivatives with nonsingular Mittag-Leffler kernels. Two cases arising in the real-world systems are modeled under interval notion and given to interpret the behavior of the interval approximate asymptotic solutions under different conditions as well as to validate this new approach. This study highlights the importance of the asymptotic solutions for FDEs regardless of interval or noninterval parameters.
Resistive switching performance improvement of amorphous carbon-based electrochemical metallization memory via current stressing
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Wang Zhongqiang , Lin Ya , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: August 2019

Current stressing treatment on amorphous carbon (a-C)-based electrochemical metallization (ECM) memory cells before the electroforming process is proposed. The resistive switching (RS) performance of a Cu/a-C/Pt ECM cell after low current (10 μA) stressing treatment is improved, including reduced forming voltages, improved switching uniformity, enhanced cycling endurance, and enhanced switching speed. MicroRaman mapping and conductive-atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that current stressing can cause clustering of sp2 sites in a-C and the conductive filament (CF) randomness is reduced. The reduction of CF nucleation site randomness and enhancement of the local electric field through sp2-clustering are assumed to be responsible for the observed RS performance improvement. The results demonstrate that current stressing is a feasible approach for optimizing the RS performance of a-C-based ECM memory, and it can also be extended to the development of carbon-based electronic devices.
Oxygen-assisted synthesis of hBN films for resistive random access memories
Authors: Lin Weiyi , Zhuang Pingping , Akinwande Deji , Zhang Xue-Ao , Cai Weiwei
Published: August 2019

In this letter, we report an oxygen-assisted chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize uniform large-area high-quality multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films (denoted by O-hBN). Nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching (RS) of resistive random access memories (RRAMs) based on O-hBN films is presented. These RRAMs exhibit enhanced RS performance with lower cycle-to-cycle variability, lower set voltage, and higher current on/off ratio. The enhancement is benefited from the clean and smooth surface of O-hBN films and the reduction of grain boundaries which serve as an energetically favored path for ion migration. This scalable approach to synthesize hBN films could facilitate practical applications of hBN-based RRAMs.
Superlensing effect for flexural waves on phononic thin plates composed by spring-mass resonators
Authors: Wang Zuowei , Li Tuanjie
Published: August 2019

This paper demonstrates the superlensing effect of flexural waves by phononic plates with the negative index of refraction. The phononic plate consists of a square lattice of spring-mass resonators attached to an infinite thin plate. The periodic resonator array induces a resonant band gap between the first and second dispersion curves of band structures calculating by a plane wave expansion method. All-angle negative refraction phenomenon has been found for a propagation mode under specific elastic parameters of spring-mass resonators. Furthermore, a flat lens composed by a finite number of spring-mass resonators is designed to focus elastic fields of a point-like excitation operating at this propagating mode. Multiple scattering simulations show that the image resolution of the designed flat lens is about 0.15λ, overcoming the Rayleigh diffraction limit of traditional imaging systems.
Order versus disorder: In situ high-pressure structural study of highly polymerized three-dimensional C60 fullerite
Authors: Lyapin A. G. , Katayama Y. , Brazhkin V. V.
Published: August 2019

The structure of highly polymerized three-dimensional (3D) fullerite C60 was studied by energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction up to a pressure of 11 GPa. The results show that this phase combines the features of an amorphous sp2–sp3 covalent network and a crystallographically ordered phase with long-range translational order associated with the modulation of atomic density inherited from the initial C60 molecules. Crystal reflections can be described in the framework of the face-centered cubic structure with an initial atmospheric pressure parameter of 11.718 ± 0.003 Å, although this is probably the effect of averaging the x-ray scattering data. The bulk modulus of highly polymerized 3D C60 (280 ± 9 GPa) was determined from the pressure-induced change in the lattice parameter and agrees with the measured density and crystallographic density along with the first coordination number (N1 ≈ 3.6) determined from the radial distribution function according to theoretical calculations. The value of N1 indicates that approximately 60% of carbon atoms are in sp3-hybridized states, and a high degree of polymerization was achieved due to the formation of an average of three covalent bonds between neighboring molecules. The correlation between density and bulk modulus is discussed for a wide range of carbon phases.
On the non-thermal nature of distributions of electrons accelerated by high intensity lasers at the vacuum-plasma interface
Authors: Hüller S. , Porzio A. , Adam J.-C. , Héron A.
Published: August 2019

The distribution function of electrons accelerated by intense laser pulses at steep vacuum-plasma interfaces is investigated by using the Fokker-Planck equation and methods from extreme statistics. The energy spectrum of electrons penetrating into the dense plasma after being accelerated at the interface and in the preplasma shows a systematic cutoff-like decrease in the momentum component px/mec along the laser propagation axis. While the distribution associated with the kinetic energy spectrum (Ekin) is often approximated by a thermal distribution, F(Ekin)∝ exp (−Ekin/Th), with a hot particle temperature Th, the nature of the distribution close to the cutoff is clearly nonthermal. Electron distributions are analyzed here from two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. Via a comparison with solutions derived from a Fokker-Planck equation and based on Chirikov's standard map models, we find that the electron distributions show a clear signature of stochastic heating, due to repeated acceleration in the standing wave in the preplasma. Further analysis of the solutions to the Fokker-Planck equation allows us to describe the cutoff seen in the momentum p of the distributions F(p), which can be expressed as a function of time τ in the form F(p,τ)∝[(pmax−p)/δp] exp (−2p3/9τ), portraying a time-dependent cutoff at p→pmax. This implies that the energetic tail of the distribution belongs to the maximum domain of attraction of the Weibull law, which means that the probability to find high-energy electrons varies abruptly near pmax. The variance of physical observables sensitive to the high-energy tail is consequently considerably higher than when assuming thermal distribution.
Measuring the refractive index dispersion of (un)pigmented biological tissues by Jamin-Lebedeff interference microscopy
Authors: Stavenga Doekele G. , Wilts Bodo D.
Published: August 2019

Jamin-Lebedeff interference microscopy is a powerful technique for measuring the refractive index of microscopically-sized solid objects. This method was classically used for transparent objects immersed in various refractive-index matching media by applying light of a certain predesigned wavelength. In previous studies, we demonstrated that the Jamin-Lebedeff microscopy approach can also be utilized to determine the refractive index of pigmented media for a wide range of wavelengths across the visible spectrum. The theoretical basis of the extended method was however only precise for a single wavelength, dependent on the characteristics of the microscope setup. Using Jones calculus, we here present a complete theory of Jamin-Lebedeff interference microscopy that incorporates the wavelength-dependent correction factors of the half- and quarter-wave plates. We show that the method can indeed be used universally in that it allows the assessment of the refractive index dispersion of both unpigmented and pigmented microscopic media. We illustrate this on the case of the red-pigmented wing of the damselfly Hetaerina americana and find that very similar refractive indices are obtained whether or not the wave-plate correction factors are accounted for.