bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decían que la mujer solo sirve para sonreír, saludar y cuidar los niños. Representaciones de actores educativos sobre género y sexualidad
Authors: Yances Padilla Yenis , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Prada Núñez Raúl
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio que pretendió comprender las representaciones que tienen estudiantes de cuatro instituciones de educación básica y media de la ciudad de Montería – Córdoba (Colombia) sobre género y la sexualidad. El paradigma metodológico se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo – hermenéutico y se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de la información. Los resultados evidencian que el machismo es una actitud recurrente en los hogares, en el colegio y en otros espacios sociales. Este fenómeno se persibe como una herencia cultural que siempre ha permeado los contextos donde los estudiantes interactuan y que se asume como un comportamiento normal que siempre ha estado presente en la región donde están ubicadas las instituciones objeto de estudio.
Comunicación asertiva en e l contexto educativo: revisión sistemática
Authors: Calua Cueva María Rosa , Delgado Hernández Yrisela Liset , López Regalado Óscar
Published: April 2021

La comunicación asertiva implica la formación integral de los estudiantes. La persona que se comunica asertivamente se defiende en susrelaciones interpersonales, está satisfecha de su vida, tiene confianza en sí misma, es expresiva, espontánea. La finalidad es analizar el avance científico de la Comunicación Asertiva en estudiantes durante el periodo de 2016 al 2020. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo comparativo y retrospectivo. Para la búsqueda de referencias se utilizaron los operadores booleanos AND y OR, considerándose una muestra de 25 artículos científicos de un total de 1,602 investigaciones extraídas de bases de datos Scopus, Ebsco, Academic One File y Scielo. Para definir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se utilizó el diagrama Prisma, donde se filtraron los resultados teniendo en cuenta autores, año de publicación, definición, enfoque, tipo, diseño de investigación y muestra. Finalmente, la comunicación asertiva conlleva a tener coincidencias y ligeras diferencias en los puntos de vista de cada investigador que la conceptualizan como una conducta y no una característica de la personalidad, por lo que se habla de una habilidad en el campo de las habilidades sociales.
El aprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera a través de las prácticas deportivas
Authors: González Valencia Heriberto , Salazar González Paula Andrea , Villota Enríquez Jakeline Amparo
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo analiza la pertinencia de la transversalidad para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, relacionada al enfoque metodológico de Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE), resaltando el valor que debe otorgársele a la lengua meta, pero sin obviar los rasgos propios de la lingüística. El diseño de la investigación tuvo una metodología cualitativa, la cual permitió analizar la situación académica del grupo muestra en cuanto al nivel de inglés como lengua extranjera mediante un cuestionario, un test inicial y un test final, cuyos resultados presentaron una mejora considerable después de haberse aplicado la metodología propuesta.
Penguatan Karakter Bangsa Sebagai Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila
Authors: Risdiany Hani , Anggraeni Dewi Dinie
Published: April 2021

Pancasila memiliki nilai-nilai yang menjadi kekuatan pengikat serta penggerak kemerdekaan dan perjuangan, hal ini membuktikan bahwa Pancasila sejalan dengan aspirasi atau kepribadian bangsa Indonesia, serta Pancasila mempunyai nilai material yang memberi kekuatan untuk perjuangan Indonesia. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna menggambarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila yang telah diimplementasikan pada penguatan karakter bangsa. Penelitian ini memakai metode pendekatan kualitatif serta metode penelitian sumber-sumber terpercaya. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa dengan menerapkan Pancasila di kehidupan berbangsa serta bernegara, mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai Pancasila dapat diterapkan melalui pembelajaran dalam dunia pendidikan dan juga penciptaan lingkungan bersuasana Pancasila yang dikenal dengan kampung Pancasila. Penerapan dalam dunia pendidikan dapat disisipkan pada setiap mata pembelajaran, lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung, dan mencontohkan perilaku yang baik. Sedangkan penerapan dalam kampung Pancasila dapat diajarkan mengenai nilai-nilai kehidupan yang harus dilaksanakan sesuai Pancasila seperti hidup gotong royong, toleransi, rukun, musyawarah, dan lain-lain. Banyaknya permasalah karakter seperti tawuran antar pelajar, kekerasan dan pembunuhan, minum minuman keras, narkoba dan lain-lain yang terjadi pada anak menjadi garis besar bahwa nilai karakter sangatlah penting. Manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan generasi kita mampu memiliki karakter yang baik dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila sehingga tidak menghilangkan identitas jati diri bangsa Indonesia.
Anggara Kasih : Hujan dalam Serat Pawarsakan dan Mitos yang Melekat di Masyarakat
Authors: Dhea Andini Agni , Utami Respati Retno
Published: April 2021

Penanggalan Jawa merupakan salah satu wujud kebudayaan masyarakat lampau yang sudah sepatutnya untuk diketahui. Penanggalan tersebut tertulis dalam karya sastra lama yang berupa naskah dan dinilai sangat luhur. Salah satu contoh naskah yang berisi penanggalan Jawa adalah Serat Pawarsakan karya R. Ng. Ranggawarsita. Dalam naskah tersebut terdapat  penanggalan Jawa  mengenai hujan yang didasarkan pada hari Anggara Kasih. Namun sayangnya penanggalan Jawa terkait hujan ini tidak banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat Jawa, terlebih para pemuda generasi milenial. Padahal dengan hari Anggara Kasih tersebut dapat mengungkap berbagai hal di sekeliling yang berkaitan dengan alam. Hal tersebut antara lain adalah bencana banjir dan penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat beserta obatnya. Di luar naskah Anggara Kasih memiliki mitos yang cukup kental dan dipercaya oleh masyarakat tertentu, utamanya berkaitan dengan turunnya hujan. Dengan demikian penelitian ini dilakukan untuk: (1) Mengetahui hujan berdasarkan hari Anggara Kasih dalam Serat Pawarsakan, dan (2) Mengetahui mitos hari Anggara Kasih bagi masyarakat Jawa. Dengan objek penelitian berupa naskah maka penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan menggunakan teori serta pendekatan filologi untuk mengungkap hujan di dalam Serat Pawarsakan. Sedangkan untuk mengungkap mitos digunakan  pendekatan antropologi. Dalam ranah filologi Serat Pawarsakan dideskripsikan, ditransliterasi, diterjemahkan, dan selanjutnya disunting. Data dalam naskah berupa teks yang berkaitan dengan tujuan penelitian dicatat dan selanjutnya dianalisis. Kemudian mengenai mitos hari Anggara Kasih akan dikaji dengan cara studi pustaka di luar naskah dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Hal ini untuk mengungkap makna yang tersimpan pada hari Anggara Kasih dalam perspektif orang Jawa. Data yang didapatkan adalah hari Anggara Kasih pada setiap bulannya memiliki makna tersendiri sebagai penanda musim. Adapun tanda tersebut adalah berupa datangnya musim kemarau atau penghujan, puncak musim penghujan, maupun pergantian musim. Hal ini selaras dengan mitos yang berkembang di masyarakat.
Heroism As Portrayed in Henry Gilbert’s Novel Robin Hooda and Rizki Ridyasmara’s Novel Pitung: A Comparative Literature Analysis
Authors: Refieta Dita
Published: April 2021

This thesis contains a study of comparative literature which involves two novels of different nations with similar motifs; heroism. The purpose of this study is to find out how heroism in the two novels and find the similarities and differences regarding the thirteen central features of the hero possessed by the leading character. The leading characters, Robin Hood and Pitung are the heroes who concern for other people in need, through their actions by stealing from the rich to give to the poor. The study also involves looking at the intrinsic elements to look at the similarities and differences found in the two novels. In completing the analysis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which represents all the data in the forms of words and sentences. The writer collects data from various sources, including the novels Robin Hood by Henry Gilbert, Pitung by Rizki Ridyasmara, relevant books, articles, and journals to support the analysis. Based on the analysis it concluded that the novels show similarities and differences regarding the central features of the hero that is possessed by the two leading characters of both literary works. Robin Hood shows braver as physically act while Pitung shows more courage as mentally active.
МАЛЫЙ БИЗНЕС: КРИТЕРИИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И РОЛЬ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ
Authors: Гайрбекова Р.С. , Дикаева Х.М. , Сайфулаева М.А.
Published: April 2021

Анализ экономического положения Рос-сии говорит о том, что малый бизнес играет большую роль в экономическом росте страны, является важнейшим стратегическим ресурсом для поддер-жания высокого уровня экономического развития. В данной статье авторами рассмотрены особенности и значимость развития малого бизнеса в России, вы-ступающего защитным механизмом против социально-политических потря-сений в современных условиях. В работе выделена роль организаций малого и среднего бизнеса в продуцировании и внедрении инноваций, в сфере информа-ционных технологий. Авторами исследо-вана правовая среда и законы, регулиру-ющие деятельность малых и средних предприятий. Проанализирована особен-ность деятельности бизнес-инкубаторов, которые создаются для поддержки предпринимательства на начальной стадии формирования бизне-са. Авторами внесены предложения по становлению малого бизнеса и последу-ющего его эффективного развития.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ И КОНТЕНТА ДЛЯ ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЕВОЙ АУДИТОРИИ
Authors: Дадаев Я.Э.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь между контентом в социальных сетях и взаимодействием пользователей. Прове-дено исследование прямого влияния фор-мата и платформы на пассивное и ак-тивное поведение пользователей и оцен-ка контекста контента на каждый тип контента (рациональный, эмоциональный и транзакционный контент) на повыше-ние уровня вовлеченности пользователей. Результаты показывают, что контент в социальных сетях повышает уровень привлечения пользователей за счет кон-текста. Полученные данные способ-ствуют пониманию заинтересованности и опыта пользователей во взаимодей-ствии с брендом в социальных сетях. Данное исследование является новым для эмпирического оценивания поведения по-требителей во время взаимодействия на двойных платформах за счет различных типов и контекстов контента.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫНКА 3D-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ: МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ
Authors: Дадаев Я.Э.
Published: April 2021

В статье определены перспективные сферы распространения 3D-технологий в нашей стране и мире. Проведен анализ развития глобальных трендов 3D-технологий и обоснована роль аддитив-ных технологий в ускорении инновацион-ных преобразований в производстве и предоставлении услуг. Определены пер-спективные направления развития рынка 3D-технологий: (фармацевтическая от-расль; авиа- и ракетостроение; автомо-билестроение; массовое печатание одежды и обуви; кулинария; ювелирная отрасль и др.). Проанализированы сдер-живающие факторы для развития рынка 3D-техно-логий, а именно недостаточ-ность образовательных навыков, высо-кая стоимость оборудования, специаль-ное программное обеспечение, дефицит материалов и др. Предложены возмож-ные направления содействия развитию рынка 3D-технологий и обоснованы предложения по совершенствованию его развития.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОДЕЛИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ
Authors: Джумаева Я.М-Х. , Бачаев А.А. , Горгиев Р.Т.
Published: April 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются ос-новные особенности модели государ-ственного управления по результатам. Выявлены положительные аспекты внед-рения такой модели в систему государ-ственного управления. При этом выявле-но, что такая модель, представляя со-бой новый подход к достижению целей и задач на государственном уровне, акцен-тируется на правильной постановке це-лей и на контроль за эффективным до-стижением этих целей. Вместе с тем были рассмотрены основные принципы, на которых базируется эта концепция. Также были обозначены ключевые тен-денции, связанные с цифровой транс-формацией всех сфер жизни общества. Так, под влияние цифровизации попал не только коммерческий сектор, но и госу-дарственный. Внедрение цифровых тех-нологий в сферу государственного управ-ления позволяет улучшить качество предоставляемых государственных услуг. Кроме того, цифровая трансфор-мация государственного управления в целом повышает эффективность раз-личных управленческих процедур. Таким образом, цифровизация расширяет воз-можности применения модели управле-ния по результатам. Это выражается в том, что благодаря «большим данным» субъекты государственного управления более оперативно получают информа-цию о достигаемых результатах.
Von Gentrifizierung betroffen
Authors: Meuth Miriam , Reutlinger Christian
Published: April 2021

Verdrängung als Teil von Gentrifizierungsprozessen stellt einen wichtigen und noch stärker zu erforschenden Aspekt einer kritischen Stadt- und Wohnforschung dar. Zur Erforschung der subjektiven Deutungen von Verdrängung bietet sich ein qualitativer Zugang an. Neben konzeptionellen und methodisch-methodologischen Fragen und Diskussionen gilt es, dieses Phänomen auch differenziert empirisch zu beleuchten, nicht zuletzt unter Berücksichtigung der Perspektiven, des Erlebens und auch des Umgangs der von Verdrängung bedrohten oder betroffenen Menschen. Im Beitrag verfolgen wir vor diesem Hintergrund die Frage, welche konzeptionellen und methodisch-methodologischen Herausforderungen und welche möglichen Lösungswege sich für einen qualitativen Zugang zu Verdrängung ergeben. Mit der Diskussion dieser Fragen möchten wir ausgehend von einem jüngst abgeschlossenen Forschungsprojekt einen exemplarischen Beitrag zur Auseinandersetzung mit Methoden und Erkenntniswegen qualitativer Verdrängungsforschung im Kontext von Gentrifizierung leisten.
Der Refugee District in Belgrad
Authors: Seichter Cosima Zita , Neßler Miriam , Knopf Paul
Published: April 2021

Durch internationale Fluchtbewegungen über die sogenannte Balkanroute bildete sich in Serbiens Hauptstadt Belgrad in den letzten Jahren ein sogenannter Refugee District heraus. Im Kontext von Migration und Flucht werden dabei zahlreiche Spannungsfelder auf unterschiedlichen räumlichen und politischen Ebenen sichtbar. Für Flüchtende kreieren diese eine Situation, die von Stillstand, Ausweglosigkeit, Kontrolle, Gefahr und Verdrängung geprägt ist. Allerdings führen die Vielschichtigkeit und die Diversität unterschiedlicher Akteur*innen, die bezüglich der Situation von Flüchtenden auf der Balkanroute wirkmächtig sind, auch zu Nischen, Widerständigkeiten und der Möglichkeit (neuer) Allianzen. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine kollektive Praktik der Nicht-Bewegung im Widerstand gegen die Unterdrückung und für globale Bewegungsfreiheit.
Die Stadt am Ende? Am Ende die Stadt. Chancen für eine gerechtere Stadt mit und nach COVID-19
Authors: Haid Christian
Published: April 2021

Die großen Pandemien der Menschheitsgeschichte und die aktuelle Situation haben eines gemein: Nicht alle Menschen sind im gleichen Ausmaß davon betroffen. Die Pandemie verstärkt und manifestiert Ungleichheiten insbesondere im Städtischen. Diese Ungleichheiten durchdringen alle räumlichen Maßstabsebenen – vom Privat- und Wohnraum bis zur Nachbarschaft, von der Stadt bis hin zu inter-urbanen Geografien. Gleichzeitig wird durch zu beobachtende Dynamiken wie Stadtflucht und das Zusammenbrechen urbaner Kulturen gepaart mit einer epidemiologischen Kritik an der dichten Stadt dem Urbanen ein Ende attestiert. Dieser Beitrag plädiert dafür, sich weniger auf die Enturbanisierung zu konzentrieren, sondern die Pandemie als Multiplikator bestehender Schieflagen und damit als Ansporn zu sehen, um mehr denn je für eine gerechtere Stadt mit und nach Covid-19 einzustehen und für sie zu kämpfen.
Desafios da indústria 4.0 no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Souza Elaine Maria de Moura
Published: April 2021

este artigo tem como objetivo destacar as principais transformações da economia global que condicionaram o desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro e suas possiblidades de avançar em direção a uma estrutura produtiva mais robusta. O estudo faz uma revisão da literatura objetivando investigar os desafios para a implantação da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil – tida como a quarta revolução industrial. Argumenta-se que o debate sobre o processo de industrialização no Brasil não aprofundou na discussão sobre os limites e possibilidades de desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro por não considerar adequadamente as transformações, associadas principalmente ao acirramento da concorrência global e à reorganização das empresas transnacionais. O texto tece um histórico da revolução industrial nas suas três primeiras fases que foram profundamente estudadas pela Economia, História e Geografia ao longo dos quatro últimos séculos, resgatando as principais características de cada uma das fases. Ainda aborda a diversidade de inovações disruptivas e as possibilidades da indústria nacional em relação à Indústria 4.0, apontadas no texto como possíveis, mas condicionadas à definição de políticas públicas para ciência e tecnologia e investimento em educação profissional.
Arte, obra de arte e objeto estético
Authors: Savino Dener Nascimento
Published: April 2021

Este estudo propõe discorrer e comentar alguns aspectos da arte e da obra de arte a partir do pensamento fenomenológico, em especial o pensamento desenvolvido pelo filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger acerca da origem da obra de arte e o pensamento do filósofo francês Mikel Dufrenne acerca da fenomenologia da experiência estética. O artigo também propõe auxiliar na reflexão crítica sobre a busca de uma definição da arte bem como suas características ônticas e ontológicas.
FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN A WEIGHTED RECTANGULAR b-METRIC SPACE
Authors: Singh P. , Singh V.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we provide a generalization of a rectangular b-metric space by relaxing the rectangular inequality to include unequal weights. We provide examples and restrictions for the Lipschitz constant enabling convergence of some sequences in the proof of some fixed point theorems.
La mediación del intérprete como motor hacia la inclusión y la alianza entre naciones
Authors: Torrella Carmen
Published: April 2021

Los cambios sociales y las crisis, económicas y sanitarias, de las últimas décadas ponen de relieve la significación de la figura del intérprete para lograr el acercamiento entre individuos de diferentes naciones a través del diálogo. Observamos desde los estudios de interpretación que esta mediación, en los diferentes ámbitos de la interpretación dialógica, se muestra controvertida desde un punto de vista ético, en especial en los servicios públicos. Ante este panorama, nuestro trabajo reflexiona sobre los principios fundamentales que recogen los códigos de interpretación y se centra en observar la avenencia entre la conducta del intérprete mediador y la deontología de la interpretación.
Terminología e interpretación médico-sanitaria en los servicios públicos en el campo de la obstetricia y ginecología: propuesta de un glosario médico-sanitario español-árabe
Authors: Hadji Hajar
Published: April 2021

Desde la etapa de la civilización egipcia, pasando por la Edad Media, las Cruzadas, el Renacimiento y otros momentos históricos hasta llegar a la actualidad, la interpretación ha demostrado, y sigue demostrando, ser una actividad efectiva en la comunicación entre comunidades con antecedentes culturales y étnicos distintos. No obstante, el fenómeno de la globalización, el plurilingüismo y la inmigración, evidentemente, abre la puerta a nuevas necesidades vinculadas a la atención en salud, así como retos que el intérprete social tendrá que ir afrontando día a día para la práctica comunicativa.

El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar y profundizar más en la Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos médico-sanitarios en general y la especialidad de ginecología y obstetricia en especial, donde la mujer inmigrante árabe, especialmente musulmana, también hace uso de los principales servicios.

A efectos de generar un proceso de exploración y análisis, de inducción y deducción, de síntesis y reflexión sobre aspectos socioculturales y comunicativo-lingüísticos que emergen de las interacciones y contextos interculturales, se diseñó una metodología mixta, donde convergen claramente dos enfoques. Uno es de carácter cuantitativo que se respalda, fundamentalmente, en la consulta bibliográfica-documental para plasmar la fundamentación teórica. Y otro es de carácter cualitativo basado en una encuesta dirigida a intérpretes médico-sanitarios con el fin de generar un vínculo entre las situaciones analizadas y los datos extraídos de la realidad de los participantes. De forma más concreta, ampliamos el espectro hacia los recursos médico-sanitarios en español-árabe, donde trataremos de paliar la escasez existente mediante una aportación terminológica basada en la elaboración de un glosario bilingüe de enfermedades, complicaciones y trastornos ginecológico-obstétricos.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Associated with
an Increased Mortality in Adult Patients with Group B Streptococcus Invasive Disease
Authors: Gjurašin Branimir , Butić Iva , Vince Adriana , Papić Neven
Published: April 2021

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a significant
cause of invasive disease among adult non-pregnant patients with increasing
incidence and mortality rates. Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) is associated with components of metabolic syndrome previously
recognized as risk factors for GBS, the impact of NAFLD on GBS course and
outcomes is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective
cohort study of all non-pregnant adult patients diagnosed with invasive GBS
infection during a 15-year period. Results: 102 patients were included in the
study (46.1% males; median age 69, IQR 58-78 years). Disease primarily presented as bacteremia without a defined source
(37; 36.3%), cellulitis/erysipelas (35; 34.3%), pneumonia (13; 12.7%) and
endocarditis (8; 7.8%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes (42;
41.2%), dyslipidemia (39; 38.2%), cardiovascular disease (34; 33.3%),
peripheral vascular disease (21; 20.6%), obesity (21; 20.6%) and malignancy
(10; 9.8%). Based upon the results
of abdominal ultrasound, the patients were divided into two groups: the ones
with steatosis (44; 43.1%) and the ones without steatosis (58; 56.9%). There
were no significant differences in clinical presentations and comorbidities
between groups. In-hospital
mortality was 29.5% (13/44) in patients with NAFLD and 10.3% (6/58) in the
control group (p=0.0200). Endocarditis (OR 6.69; 95%CI 1.045-44.46, p=0.0410),
acute renal failure (OR 13.92; 95%CI 3.00-77.71, p=0.0013), qSOFA > 2 (OR
23.93; 95%CI 4.66-171.2) and NAFLD (OR 6.64; 95%CI 1.23-47.88, p=0.0258) were
independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: NAFLD is associated
with higher mortality in patients suffering from invasive GBS disease which
appears to be independent of other components of the metabolic syndrome, such
as obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Health care workers protection during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Didović Diana , Nikčević Andrea , Stemberger Marić Lorna , Roglić Srđan
Published: April 2021

The infection risk
among frontline health care workers (HCW) is one of the most concerning aspects
of COVID-19. Knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission is still insufficient.
However, direct, person-to-person contact appears to be the main route.
Secondary transmission can also occur and intensive care units have shown
greater contamination than general wards. Risk of transmission by infectious
aerosols distributed through the ventilation system duct is considered to be
very low. Screening and triaging everyone entering a health care facility is
crucial in order to prevent rapid spread among hospital personnel and patients.
Recommendations on airborne
precautions in the health care setting vary by location, but are universally to
be implemented when aerosol-generating procedures are performed. Surgical masks
or respirators are currently critical supplies that should be reserved for HCW.
Both types of masks need to be used in combination with other personal protective equipment
measures. COVID-19 patients should be cohorted and only
patients undergoing aerosol generating procedures should be placed in airborne
infection isolation rooms.
Statin Effect on Coronary Calcium Distribution, Mass and Volume Scores and Associations with Immune Activation among HIV+ Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Lipinski Jerry , Margevicius Seunghee , Schluchter Mark D , Wilson David L , McComsey Grace A , Longenecker Chris T
Published: April 2021

Background

Inflammation has been associated with whole heart coronary artery calcification (CAC) among people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, prior studies have not evaluated the distribution of calcium or separated mass versus volume scores, which are differentially associated with clinical events in the general population. Statins may also have a greater effect on CAC mass compared with volume.

Methods

147 PWH were randomized 1:1 to rosuvastatin 10 mg or placebo and followed for 96 weeks. We re-analysed coronary calcium scans from 0, 48 and 96 weeks to determine mass and volume scores and measures of CAC diffusivity. Mixed effects models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine longitudinal associations of CAC with treatment and biomarkers.

Results

Median age at study entry was 46 years; 78% were male and 68% African American. Median CD4+ was 613 and half were on protease inhibitors. Randomization to statin therapy was not associated with a change in mass score, volume score, number of involved vessels or diffusivity index (all P>0.1). Soluble CD14 was associated with the presence of CAC ( P=0.05) and borderline associated with number of involved vessels ( P=0.07) across all three time points.

Conclusions

In PWH on ART, moderate intensity rosuvastatin does not appear to have a significant effect on volume, mass or regional distribution of CAC over 96 weeks. We extend previous cross-sectional observations to show that soluble CD14 is associated with whole heart CAC over time and independently of age and systolic blood pressure.
Climate Change and the Circular Economy
Authors: Mathur Aakriti , Singh Kanwal Deepinder Pal
Published: April 2021

The world is presently facing a climate catastrophe of its own making through the unabated increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Global consumption patterns are to blame, as presently, the global annual demand for resources outpaces the annual rate of the earth's ability to regenerate those resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to reduce the global demand for resources to a sustainable level, through the adoption of a circular economy. Individual consumption behavior habits form the basis of global consumption patterns, and therefore, adoption of sustainable consumption habits and lifestyles are necessary for addressing the climate crisis. In this chapter, the authors assess the potential for addressing the climate crisis through the adoption of a circular economy and sustainable consumption behavior. The authors also evaluate the extent of adoption of sustainable consumption behavior in India and make recommendations for adopting a circular economy in India.
Sustainable and Green Human Resource Practices
Authors: Dohroo Mitali , Duggal Taranjeet
Published: April 2021

Two topics, circular economy and human resource practices, have been in separate baskets. However, recent studies have shown that both have a major impact either directly or indirectly on each other. Human resource management or human management is largely associated with a behavior of an economy. It has been largely debated and accepted that human resource management has a major role in creating sustainable organizations. Human resource management as a function involves a lot of postulates of sustainability in the scope of an organization. We all understand that the role of human resources has widened throughout time, and there is a need for more innovations in better management with various stakeholders and employees to create HR as a more solution-based function.
Water Systems in a Circular Economy
Authors: Deshmukh Arvind
Published: April 2021

The circular economy is based on three fundamental principles as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. This chapter explores the relationship between the circular economy principles and the water management systems to identify the integration points where the water systems can be aligned with the circular economy. The chapter also ascertains the impediments which hinder this transition and identifies the opportunities that will present themselves in this endeavor. This chapter aims to help the readers understand the social, economic, and environmental impacts that will be created when water systems get integrated into the circular economy framework.
Caring for Yourself and Keeping Connected During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zappala-Piemme Kerri E.
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, the author shares her journey. The challenges and struggles that emerged while navigating the COVID-19 pandemic and the strategies, decisions, solutions, and successes that keep her afloat as she attempts to maintain a healthy work-life balance, self-care, and wellness are explored. With her background in education, administration, and psychology, she thought these were the perfect protective factors to help her lead and maintain a sense of well-being, but even with her extensive training, she stumbled several times. In this chapter, she pulls from theory and practice in education, leadership, and psychology to assist the reader in understanding their journey and making sense of the new normal. She shares best practices and research in all three fields to assist the reader in moving forward better equipped to handle the pandemic. In sharing her experience, she hopes to help the reader feel more normal knowing that they are not alone, even in isolation and social distancing.
Balancing Career and Caregiving Roles in the Midst of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Statti Aubrey , Evans Jessica , Torres Kelly M. , Torres Ileana
Published: April 2021

This chapter introduces the audience to the world of four females working in higher education during COVID-19. The narratives provide a glimpse into the roles women in the workforce and specifically mothers in academia played and continue to play throughout the global pandemic of 2020 and 2021. In each narrative, the authors discuss the mental, emotional, physical, and relational tolls of striving to balance the many roles faced during the global pandemic. After exploring personal experiences, the authors look to the future and provide recommendations for how universities can strive to advocate for their female employees, specifically women of color and women serving in caregiver roles, in the forthcoming policies and initiatives.
Motherscholar
Authors: Schnackenberg Heidi L.
Published: April 2021

Academic women leaders are teaching, conducting research, running departments, making policies, and overseeing their faculty and students, all while taking responsibility for their own homes, families, and children, and doing it all under one roof. Motherscholars (i.e., academic mothers who accepted administrative and/or leadership positions in higher education) have a particular story to tell during this pandemic. This chapter will highlight the issues confronting these MotherLeaders and illustrate how institutional gender inequities and societally imposed responsibilities in the home, and with children, impact women's ability to lead in colleges and universities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Blockchain Technology for Convergence
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Gupta Shikha
Published: April 2021

Blockchain technologies are drawing attention after the success of cryptocurrency. Due to the inherent features, such as decentralization, transparency, security, immutability, and integrity, they have already become the prime choice of researchers and scientists. Blockchain is among the most disruptive innovations which have the potential to reshape the behavior of many businesses and industries. Blockchain applications are based on DLT in which public ledger can be accessed by everyone by eliminating the need of third party. Although the power of AI allows the intelligence and decision-making powers of machines in the same way as humans, it relies on a unified model for training and validating datasets. However, the unified nature of AI poses many threats to data privacy and data tempering. Thus, the unique features of blockchain technology makes its application attractive in almost every field including financial services, healthcare, IoT, and many more. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview on blockchain and its integration with AI to explore numerous capabilities.
Looking Back to Keep Moving . . . And It May Not Be “Forward”
Authors: Boulet Jacques
Published: April 2021

In this concluding chapter, the author looks back over the content of the 13 preceding chapters of the volume and reflects on the process of assembling them. Rather than offer an interpretative summary that would dilute their contextual specificity, the various “recontextualization stories” should be read on their own. Instead, five global “predicaments” with which all social work practice accounts in the volume directly, indirectly, and intersectionally are addressed: the pandemic, the crises in global capitalism, racism and other “embodied” social antagonisms, war and conflict, and the ecology. A second section briefly speculates about the consequences of the convergence of the several predicaments whilst the final section offers thoughts about the need to evolve a “relational” approach to professional social work, proposing that the real meaning of the “social” that refers to the authors' “work” entails their professional attempts across all their intervention modes to restore people's relational capabilities.
What the Future America Will Look Like
Authors: Yeung Hok Yung Mary
Published: April 2021

This chapter begins with the historical antecedents of interracial dating and marriages (IRM) within the United States and then the increasing rates of IRM in the 21st century. Several forms of discrimination against interracial couples such as racial microaggressions and the transmission of implicit racial attitudes within the family, are analyzed. The Marketplace Economy Theory is also examined. It attempts to explain the existence of IR couples. Theories behind the origins of racism against IRMs are explored. Asian American dating interracially is also discussed. The latter section examines the implications of IRMs for mental health counselors. It provides recommendations of techniques and special therapy styles that may be more effective for IR couples and IRMs during therapy sessions. These techniques (including goal-oriented sessions, based on strengths, psychodynamic approaches, and postmodern approaches) may be more efficacious due to the unique problems IR couples encounter. Suggestions are provided for why further research into biracial and multiracial children is needed.
Teaching Through Culture
Authors: McAlister-Shields Leah , Hutchison Laveria , Jones Brandolyn E.
Published: April 2021

The concept of culturally responsive teaching is utilized here to expand the knowledge base of scholars, leaders, and practitioners in higher education settings who are committed to cultivating a learning environment where relevant and inclusive curriculum equals real-world opportunities for all students. Emerging from a pedagogical lens, this chapter will expound upon the implications for the application of culturally responsive teaching in ethnically diverse higher education classrooms.
Global and Intercultural Leadership
Authors: Jiménez Luque Antonio
Published: April 2021

Since the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) gave up the guns and launched a political party, it is time to implement the peace agreements including the different sectors of society and ethnic groups that historically have been excluded and marginalized. This chapter focuses on Afro-Colombian communities and their past and present social movements and leadership projects, and identifies the characteristics and perspectives of a leadership process that will implement the peace accords in a more comprehensive and sustainable way. Finally, the author suggests a global and intercultural leadership perspective to implement the peace agreements in Colombia because it will emphasize on relationships and value other cultures, facilitate platforms to include the narratives and leadership approaches of different worldviews, and put the focus on an intercultural dialogue and communication that will transform objective and subjective structures of society.
Racial Battle Fatigue and Mental Health in Black Men
Authors: Owens Delila , Lockhart Shanice , Matthews Dana Y. , Middleton Tanya J.
Published: April 2021

The experiences of Black men in the United States are significantly different from men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. Black men have to deal with racism on a daily basis. Understanding of the effects of daily racism and its implications is limited. Racial battle fatigue is a relatively new concept in the field of mental health. The current chapter discusses the concept of racial battle fatigue and its effects on Black men. The authors discuss both the physical and psychological effects of daily racism on the health of Black men.
A Novel Method for Despeckling of Ultrasound Images Using Cellular Automata-Based Despeckling Filter
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankur , Kaur Sanmukh , Shukla Anand Prakash , Shukla Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2021

Ultrasound images have an inherent property termed as speckle noise that is the outcome of interference between incident and reflected ultrasound waves which reduce image resolution and contrast and could lead to improper diagnosis of any disease. In different approaches for reducing the speckle noise, there exists a class of filters that convert multiplicative noise into additive noise by using algorithmic functions. The current study proposes a cellular automata-based despeckling filter (CABDF) that implements a local spatial filtering framework for the restoration of the noisy image. In the proposed CABDF filter, a dual transition function has been designed which emphasizes the calculation of nearby weighted separation whose loads originate from the CABDF filtered image, including spatial separation, extend inconsistency, and statistical dispersion. The proposed filter found efficient both in terms of filtering and restoration of the original structure of the ultrasound images.
HE4 Overexpression by Ovarian Cancer Promotes a Suppressive Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Enhanced Tumor and Macrophage PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Rowswell-Turner Rachael B. , Singh Rakesh K. , Urh Anze , Yano Naohiro , Kim Kyu Kwang , Khazan Negar , Pandita Ravina , Sivagnanalingam Umayal , Hovanesian Virginia , James Nicole E. , Ribeiro Jennifer R. , Kadambi Sindhuja , Linehan David C. , Moore Richard G.
Published: April 2021

Ovarian cancer is a highly fatal malignancy characterized by early chemotherapy responsiveness but the eventual development of resistance. Immune targeting therapies are changing treatment paradigms for numerous cancer types but have had minimal success in ovarian cancer. Through retrospective patient sample analysis, we have determined that high human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) production correlates with multiple markers of immune suppression in ovarian cancer, including lower CD8+ T cell infiltration, higher PD-L1 expression, and an increase in the peripheral monocyte to lymphocyte ratio. To further understand the impact that HE4 has on the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer, we injected rats with syngeneic HE4 high– and low–expressing cancer cells and analyzed the differences in their tumor and ascites immune milieu. We found that high tumoral HE4 expression promotes an ascites cytokine profile that is rich in myeloid-recruiting and differentiation factors, with an influx of M2 macrophages and increased arginase 1 production. Additionally, CTL activation is significantly reduced in the ascites fluid, and there is a trend toward lower CTL infiltration of the tumor, whereas NK cell recruitment to the ascites and tumor is also reduced. PD-L1 expression by tumor cells and macrophages is increased by HE4 through a novel posttranscriptional mechanism. Our data have identified HE4 as a mediator of tumor-immune suppression in ovarian cancer, highlighting this molecule as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this devastating disease.
Quantitative analysis of triterpene lupeol and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts of traditional pain-relieving medicinal plants Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx
Authors: Somwong Pathom , Theanphong Orawan
Published: April 2021

Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx have traditionally been used as herbal remedies for pain relief in Thailand. The ethanolic extracts of these plants obtained by Soxhlet extraction were analyzed by the developed high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection method. Lupeol, the anti-inflammatory triterpene, was selected as a chemical marker for this investigation. All extracts together with that compound were further evaluated for their potential on anti-inflammatory activity using 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Lupeol in each extract was quantified and expressed in the range of 21.44 ± 0.89–40.72 ± 0.40 mg per 100 g of crude drug and the enzyme inhibitory activity of all tested extracts presented as half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranged between 63.71 ± 2.09 and 91.09 ± 1.40 μg/mL. This study shows that the developed analytical method is effective for analyzing triterpene lupeol in these plants and also reveals the relationship between a lupeol content and the anti-inflammatory effect.
Persistent olfactory complaints after COVID-19: a new interpretation of the psychophysical olfactory scores
Authors: Vandersteen Clair , Payne Magali , Dumas Louise-Emilie , Metelkina-Fernandez Victoria , Plonka Alexandra , Chirio David , Demonchy Elisa , Risso Karine , Askenazy-Gittard Florence , Guevara Nicolas , Castillo Laurent , Manera Valeria , Gros Auriane
Published: April 2021

Background: Sudden olfactory loss is a major symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection and has a negative impact on daily life quality. Almost 80% of disorders regress spontaneously. No precise characterization of the medium- and long-term olfactory symptoms has been carried out yet, apart from self-assessments. The main objective of this work was to characterize persistent smell disorders in this population. Methodology: Consecutive patients consulting to the ENT department with post-Covid19 olfactory loss were included. The clinical examination included an analog scale for the self-assessment of olfactory recovery), a nasofibroscopy, the Sniffin’ Stick Test and the short version of the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders. Results: Among the 34 patients included, based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test, 29.4% (n=10) could be classified as normosmic, 55.9% (n=19) as hyposmic and 14.7% (n=5) as functional anosmic). Only olfactory identification impairment was significantly correlated with olfactory complaint and daily anxiety and annoyance related to lack of olfaction recovery. This identification disorder seemed to worsen over time. Conclusions: It is crucial to assess odor identification disorders in case of persistent olfactory complaints after COVID-19. It is fundamental to target this disorder, as it does not improve spontaneously and negatively impact quality of life.
Ivermectin Treatment for Cattle Reduced the Survival of Two Malaria Vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles epiroticus, Under Laboratory Conditions in Central Vietnam
Authors: Cramer Estee Y. , Quang Nguyen Xuan , Hertz Jeffrey C. , Van Nguyen Do , Quang Huynh Hong , Mendenhall Ian , Lover Andrew A.
Published: April 2021

Ivermectin is a low-cost and nontoxic mosquitocide that may have a role in malaria elimination. However, the extent to which this drug impacts the mortality of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles epiroticus, two important malaria vectors in Southeast Asia, is unknown. This study compared and quantified anopheline mortality after feeding on ivermectin-treated cattle and control cattle in Vietnam. Local anopheline colonies fed on cattle 1 to 3, 6 to 8, 13 to 15, 20 to 22, and 28 to 30 days after injection (DAI) with ivermectin (intervention) or saline (control). An. dirus that fed on ivermectin-treated cattle had higher mortality rates than controls for up to 20 DAI (P < 0.05); An. epiroticus that fed on ivermectin-treated cattle had consistently higher mortality rates than controls for up to 8 DAI (P < 0.05). Feeding on ivermectin-treated cattle increased the mortality rate of these vector species for biologically relevant time periods. Therefore, ivermectin has the potential to become an important tool for integrated vector management.
Rate Of Land Cover Change And Its Determinants In The Soudano-Guinea Transition Zone Of Benin Republic
Authors: Oloukoi Joseph
Published: April 2021

The paper assesses land cover dynamics and its associated drivers in the soudano-guinea transition zone of Benin Republic, using both spatial and non-spatial data. Multispectral and multi temporal Landsat imageries (Landsat TM of 1986, ETM+ of 2000 and OLI-TIRS of 2013) were used for the analysis of land cover dynamics through a supervised classification. Logistic Multiple Regression model is used to analyse the relationship between the rate of land cover change and nine explanatory variables considered as potential factors of land cover change rate. Land cover change rate was estimated to an average of -4.34% annually. This rate appears higher than the national rate estimated at -1.2% by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The rate of change classified into four modalities ranging from -8.77 to -1.13, show a gradual decrease towards the northern part of the study area. From the R2, it is observed that the nine variables explained about 35.30% of the occurrence of land cover change. Variables such as ‘rank of agriculture in the source of income’ and ‘accessibility’ are significantly influencing the rate of land cover change in the study area.  The paper further advocates for the need to dwell more on indirect factors which remotely influence environmental dynamics. Key Words: Land cover, Rate of change, Benin, Logistic multiple regression, Determinants