bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital technology in agriculture: a review of issues, applications and methodologies
Authors: Du Xiaoxue , Wang Xuejian , Hatzenbuehler Patrick
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of digital agriculture on food supply chain, research trend, emphasis and implications for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyzes how the digital technology reshapes the production, assembly, transaction, retail and logistics. Impact from each main technological progress is discussed.

Findings

First, digital agriculture develops quickly and changes all parts of the food supply chain. Second, while many technological progresses show their impacts in agriculture and food sector, e-commerce and progress of artificial intelligence show its comprehensive impact on the argi-food sector.

Originality/value

The paper shows the technological trend and progress in food and agriculture sector. Researchers focusing on agricultural economics and agribusiness should pay attention to recent developments in the real world, know the recent developments from other disciplines, get more data for empirical research and show the impact of digital agriculture on consumer's preference and social welfare.
Negative spillover of moral irresponsibility into anti-brand behaviors: the role of moral emotion and disengagement in ethical and social transgressions
Authors: Youn Song-yi
Published: June 2022

Purpose

As one of the largest industries in the global economy, the fashion industry has emphasized the symbolic and aspirational features of its products while maximizing the efficiency of its manufacturing processes. However, the labor-intensive and competitive nature of the industry has meant that brand moral transgressions often occur. This study aims to understand the role of moral emotions and concerns (i.e. perceived spillover) caused by different moral transgressions and explain consumer anti-brand behaviors (i.e. negative word of mouth [WOM] and patronage cessation).

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine group differences (ethical vs social transgressions) in Study 1 (n = 584). Also, the moderation effect of moral disengagement was examined in Study 2 (n = 324).

Findings

The results indicate that, for ethical transgressions, both moral emotions and perceived spillovers explain negative behaviors while moral emotions alone explain negative WOM on social media for social transgressions. Additionally, for social transgressions, the results of Study 2 indicate a negative interaction effect of moral emotions and moral disengagement on anti-brand behavior of patronage cessation.

Originality/value

Based on the literature’s theoretical approach to moral crises, this paper examines the emotional and cognitive reactions of consumers to the fashion industry’s moral transgressions.
The effect of methyl donor supplementation on body composition, homocysteine, lipid profile and appetite regulatory hormones in overweight and obese adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ranjbar Zahedani Maryam , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Nouri Mehran , Alipour Shohreh , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Fardaei Majid
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of methyl donor supplementation on anthropometric indices, body composition, glycemic control, lipid profile, homocysteine and appetite regulatory hormones in overweight and obese subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted on overweight and obese subjects in Shiraz, Iran, in 2018. The 25 participants in each intervention and control group were required to take methyl donor supplement and placebo, respectively, for eight weeks. A variety of measurements was collected at baseline and the end of the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

Findings

The results indicated a significant reduction in weight, body mass index, body fat and waist and hip circumference (p < 0.001 for all parameters) within both groups and a significant improvement in skeletal muscle (p = 0.005), fat-free mass (p = 0.006), visceral fat area (p < 0.001) and body cell mass (p = 0.004) in the intervention group. Also, the results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding serum homocysteine concentration at the end of the intervention (p < 0.001).

Originality/value

The results demonstrated that methyl donor supplementation might have effects on the improvement of anthropometric indices, body composition, glycemic and lipid profile status and appetite regulatory hormones among obese and overweight individuals. These effects might be attributed to their roles in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and epigenetics regulation.
Differentiation of multilayered automotive coatings with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive Xray spectrometer
Authors: Chu Lan , Guo Chao , Zhang Qing , Wang Qing , Ge Yiwen , Hao Mingyang , Lv Jungang
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive Xray spectrometer to identify different automotive coatings for forensic purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

Two four-layered samples in a hit-and-run case were compared layer by layer with three different methods. FTIR spectroscopy was used to primarily identify the organic and inorganic compositions. Raman spectrum and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive Xray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) were further used to complement the FTIR results.

Findings

Two weak and tiny peaks in one layer found between two samples by FTIR, Raman microscope and SEM-EDS verified the result of differences. The study used the three instruments in combination and found it’s effective in sensing coatings, especially in the inorganic additives.

Research limitations/implications

Using these three instruments in combination is more accurate than individually in multilayered coating analysis for forensic purpose.

Practical implications

The three different instruments all present unique information on the composition, and provided similar and mutually verifiable results on the two samples.

Originality/value

With this method, scientists could identify and discriminate important coating evidences with tiny but characteristic differences.
Digital storytelling with South African youth: a critical reflection
Authors: Levine Diane , Theron Linda
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this paper the authors share, and reflect critically on, the experience of using digital storytelling (DS) methods in a South African township. We interrogate the innovations prompted as we operationalized DS in a context that has historically prized collectivist values and that experiences chronic resource constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors ask: How can DS be optimally used to understand youth resilience in a collectivist, developing context? The authors worked with 18 older adolescents (aged 18–24) during two day-long events. The authors provide detailed descriptions of the method used, and offer reflections focusing on narrative, visuals and technology-mediation.

Findings

This study concludes by sharing four key lessons learned during the project. First, revisit the definition of “story” for your context, participant group and time. Second, a slower process yields more meaningful product. Third, facilitator competence matters. Finally, advance and deeper thinking about the ways in which technology will be used leads to richer research outcomes.

Originality/value

The paper reflects on the interplay between the transactional nature of contemporary digitally-mediated methods in a low-resource setting and with a seldom-heard population, and it's relationship with the ancient local traditions of story-making and audiencing.
Rapid identification of the storage duration and species of sliced boletes using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Jie qing , Li Tao , Liu Hong gao , Wang Yuan zhong
Published: June 2022

Boletes are recognized as a worldwide delicacy. Adulteration of the expired and low‐value sliced boletes is a pressing problem in the supply chain of commercial sliced boletes. This study aimed at developing a rapid method to identify the storage duration and species of sliced boletes, using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In the study, 1376 fruiting bodies of wild‐grown boletes were collected from 2017 to 2020 in Yunnan, containing four common species of edible boletes. A NIR spectroscopy‐based strategy was proposed, that is, identify the storage duration of sliced boletes to ensure that they are within the shelf life firstly; then identify the species of sliced boletes within the shelf life to evaluate their economic value. Three supervised methods, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), extreme learning machine (ELM), and two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) images with residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) model were applied to identify. The results showed that PLS‐DA model cannot accurately identify the storage duration and species of sliced boletes, and the ELM model can identify the storage duration of boletes samples, but cannot accurately discriminate different species of samples. And ResNet model established by 2DCOS images showed superiority in classification performance, 100% accuracy was obtained for both the storage duration and species classification. Moreover, compared to traditional methods, the 2DCOS images with ResNet model was free of complicated data preprocessing. The results obtained in the present study indicated a promising way of combining 2DCOS images with ResNet methods, in tandem with NIR for the rapid identification of the storage duration and species of sliced boletes.

Practical Application

In the boletes supply chain, the method can be considered as a reliable method for testing the authenticity of boletes slices. The current study can also provide a reference for quality control of other edible mushroom.
The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Prostate‐vesicular transrectal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal and biochemical characteristics
Authors: Lotti Francesco , Frizza Francesca , Balercia Giancarlo , Barbonetti Arcangelo , Behre Hermann M. , Calogero Aldo E. , Cremers Jann‐Frederik , Francavilla Felice , Isidori Andrea M. , Kliesch Sabine , La Vignera Sandro , Lenzi Andrea , Marcou Marios , Pilatz Adrian , Poolamets Olev , Punab Margus , Godoy Maria Fernanda Peraza , Quintian Claudia , Rajmil Osvaldo , Salvio Gianmaria , Shaeer Osama , Weidner Wolfgang , Maseroli Elisa , Cipriani Sarah , Baldi Elisabetta , Degl'Innocenti Selene , Danza Giovanna , Caldini Anna Lucia , Terreni Alessandro , Boni Luca , Krausz Csilla , Maggi Mario
Published: June 2022

Background

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) parameters are not standardized, especially in men of reproductive age. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) promoted a multicenter study to assess the TRUS characteristics of healthy‐fertile men (HFM) to establish normative parameters.

Objectives

To report and discuss the prostate and seminal vesicles (SV) reference ranges and characteristics in HFM and their associations with clinical, seminal, biochemical parameters.

Methods

188 men (35.6 ± 6.0 years) from a cohort of 248 HFM were studied, evaluating, on the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal, TRUS parameters following Standard Operating Procedures.

Results

TRUS reference ranges and characteristics of the prostate and SV of HFM are reported herein. The mean PV was ∼25 ml. PV lower and upper limits were 15 and 35 ml, defining prostate hypotrophy and enlargement, respectively. PV was positively associated with age, waistline, current smoking (but not with T levels), seminal volume (and negatively with seminal pH), prostate inhomogeneity, macrocalcifications, calcification size and prostate arterial parameters, SV volume before and after ejaculation, deferential and epididymal size. Prostate calcifications and inhomogeneity were frequent, while midline prostatic cysts were rare and small. Ejaculatory duct abnormalities were absent. Periprostatic venous plexus size was positively associated with prostate calcifications, SV volume and arterial peak systolic velocity. Lower and upper limits of SV anterior‐posterior diameter after ejaculation were 6 and 16 mm, defining SV hypotrophy or dilation, respectively. SV total volume before ejaculation and delta SV total volume (DSTV) positively correlated with ejaculate volume, and DSTV correlated positively with sperm progressive motility. SV total volume after ejaculation was associated negatively with SV ejection fraction and positively with distal ampullas size. SV US abnormalities were rare. No association between TRUS and time to pregnancy, number of children or history of miscarriage was observed.

Conclusions

The present findings will help in better understanding male infertility pathophysiology and the meaning of specific TRUS findings.
Ten‐year follow‐up study found that motor‐free intelligence quotient declined in children with mild‐to‐moderate cerebral palsy
Authors: Coceski Monika , Stargatt Robyn , Sherwell Sarah , Abu‐Rayya Hisham M. , Reid Susan M. , Reddihough Dinah S. , Wrennall Jacquie , Hocking Darren R.
Published: June 2022

Aim

This 10‐year follow‐up study examined cognitive change in a cohort of children with cerebral palsy from preschool to adolescence at the group and individual levels.

Methods

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was administered to 80 children with cerebral palsy (mean = 4 years 6 months, standard deviation = 7 months) at baseline (Time 1). At 10‐year follow‐up (Time 2), 28 adolescents (mean = 14 years 6 months, standard deviation = 9 months) returned for assessment with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Motor‐free intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were calculated and paired‐samples t‐tests and the Reliable Change Index (RCI) were used to investigate change in IQ over time.

Results

At the group level, nonverbal IQ scores declined significantly. At the individual level, RCI indicated nine and 11 children showed a clinically significant decline in Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and nonverbal IQ scores, respectively. Decline in FSIQ was related to a history of seizures whereas decline in nonverbal IQ was associated with higher initial IQ.

Conclusion

Cognitive abilities in children with cerebral palsy evolve over time and selective deficits may not be observable until a later age, highlighting the importance of repeated cognitive assessment throughout childhood and adolescence.
Children included in randomised controlled trials of biologics in inflammatory bowel diseases do not represent the real‐world patient mix
Authors: Atia Ohad , Pujol‐Muncunill Gemma , Navas‐López Víctor Manuel , Orlanski‐Meyer Esther , Ledder Oren , Lev‐Tzion Raffi , Focht Gili , Shteyer Eyal , Stein Ronen , Aloi Marina , Russell Richard K. , Martin‐de‐Carpi Javier , Turner Dan
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients enrolled in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) may differ from the target population due to restricted eligibility criteria.

Aim

To compare treatment response to biologics in routine practice for children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who would and would not have been eligible for enrolment in the regulatory RCT of the same drug.

Methods

We enrolled children with IBD who initiated adalimumab, infliximab, vedolizumab or ustekinumab. The eligibility criteria as defined in the RCT of the corresponding biologic were applied to each patient. The primary outcome was 12‐month steroid‐free remission (SFR) without switching biologics or undergoing surgery.

Results

We screened 289 children (198 [68%] with Crohn's disease [CD], 91 [32%] with ulcerative colitis [UC]) with 326 initiations of biologics. Only 62 of 164 (38%) children with moderate–to‐severe disease would have been eligible for inclusion in the original RCTs. The SFR rate was higher in the eligible children (51%) than in the ineligible children (31%; OR 2.3 [95%CI 1.2–4.5]; p = 0.01). The main exclusion criterion was prohibited previous therapies (47%). Ineligible CD patients were older, more often had a family history of IBD and had higher levels of CRP than eligible children; in UC there were no differences between the groups.

Conclusion

Most children with IBD who initiate biologics would not have been eligible to be included in the corresponding regulatory RCTs. The outcomes of ineligible patients were worse than for eligible patients. Results from RCTs should be interpreted with caution when applied to clinical practice.
COVID‐19, commuter territories and the e‐bike boom
Authors: Waitt Gordon , Buchanan Ian , Lea Tess , Fuller Glen
Published: June 2022

The appearance and integration of e‐bikes in public space is a source of much debate worldwide. This paper offers insights to these debates by reflecting on how Deleuze and Guattari's concept of assemblage as territory helps us to understand the uptake of e‐bike commuter cycling during the Covid‐19 pandemic through empirical material from a study conducted in Sydney, Australia. Here we conceptualise commuter journeys in terms of processes of deterritorialisation and reterritorialisation; experienced through the affective territories generated by e‐bikes. The disclosure of commuter cycling sensations generated by the pandemic disruptions to commuter routines provided an important lens through which to understand the uptake of e‐bikes. The paper concludes by showing the utility of the concept of territory as a means of theorising changes to everyday mobility practices.
Optimizing haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell apheresis collection from plerixafor‐mobilized patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Leonard Alexis , West Kamille , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Uchida Naoya , Panch Sandhya , Stroncek David , Poston Leigh , Akel Salem , Hankins Jane S. , Fitzhugh Courtney , Hsieh Matthew M. , Kang Guolian , Tisdale John F. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Zheng Yan
Published: June 2022

We adjusted haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) apheresis collection from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) by targeting deep buffy coat collection using medium or low collection preference (CP), and by increasing anticoagulant–citrate–dextrose–solution A dosage. In 43 HSPC collections from plerixafor‐mobilized adult patients with SCD, we increased the collection efficiency to 35.79% using medium CP and 82.23% using low CP. Deep buffy coat collection increased red blood cell contamination of the HSPC product, the product haematocrit was 4.7% with medium CP and 6.4% with low CP. These adjustments were well‐tolerated and allowed efficient HSPC collection from SCD patients.
International Alliance of Urolithiasis guideline on retrograde intrarenal surgery
Authors: Zeng Guohua , Traxer Olivier , Zhong Wen , Osther Palle , Pearle Margaret S. , Preminger Glenn M , Mazzon Giorgio , Seitz Christian , Geavlete Petrisor , Fiori Cristian , Ghani Khurshid R. , Chew Ben H. , Git Kah Ann , Vicentini Fabio Carvalho , Papatsoris Athanasios , Brehmer Marianne , Martinez Juan Lopez , Cheng Jiwen , Cheng Fan , Gao Xiaofeng , Gadzhiev Nariman , Pietropaolo Amelia , Proietti Silvia , Ye Zhangqun , Sarica Kemal
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To set out the second in a series of guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis by the International Alliance of Urolithiasis that concerns retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), with the aim of providing a clinical framework for urologists performing RIRS.

Materials and Methods

After a comprehensive search of RIRS‐related literature published between 1 January 1964 and 1 October 2021 from the PubMed database, systematic review and assessment were performed to inform a series of recommendations, which were graded using modified GRADE methodology. Additionally, quality of evidence was classified using a modification of the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine Levels of Evidence system. Finally, related comments were provided.

Results

A total of 36 recommendations were developed and graded that covered the following topics: indications and contraindications; preoperative imaging; preoperative ureteric stenting; preoperative medications; peri‐operative antibiotics; management of antithrombotic therapy; anaesthesia; patient positioning; equipment; lithotripsy; exit strategy; and complications.

Conclusion

The series of recommendations regarding RIRS, along with the related commentary and supporting documentation, offered here should help provide safe and effective performance of RIRS.
β‐Arrestin‐biased proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 antagonist C781 limits allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation
Authors: Schiff Hillary V. , Rivas Candy M. , Pederson William P. , Sandoval Estevan , Gillman Samuel , Prisco Joy , Kume Moeno , Dussor Gregory , Vagner Josef , Ledford Julie G. , Price Theodore J. , DeFea Kathryn A. , Boitano Scott
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

Asthma is a heterogenous disease strongly associated with inflammation that has many different causes and triggers. Current asthma treatments target symptoms such as bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Despite recent advances in biological therapies, there remains a need for new classes of therapeutic agents with novel, upstream targets. The proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) has long been implicated in allergic airway inflammation and asthma and it remains an intriguing target for novel therapies. Here, we describe the actions of C781, a newly developed low MW PAR2 biased antagonist, in vitro and in vivo in the context of acute allergen exposure.

Experimental Approach

A human bronchial epithelial cell line expressing PAR2 (16HBE14o‐ cells) was used to evaluate the modulation in vitro, by C781, of physiological responses to PAR2 activation and downstream β‐arrestin/MAPK and Gq/Ca2+ signalling. Acute Alternaria alternata sensitized and challenged mice were used to evaluate C781 as a prophylactically administered modulator of airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and mucus overproduction in vivo.

Key Results

C781 reduced in vitro physiological signalling in response to ligand and proteinase activation. C781 effectively antagonized β‐arrestin/MAPK signalling without significant effect on Gq/Ca2+ signalling in vitro. Given prophylactically, C781 modulated airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and mucus overproduction of the small airways in an acute allergen‐challenged mouse model.

Conclusion and Implications

Our work demonstrates the first biased PAR2 antagonist for β‐arrestin/MAPK signalling. C781 is efficacious as a prophylactic treatment for allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice. It exemplifies a key pharmacophore for PAR2 that can be optimized for clinical development.
Caspase‐4/11 is critical for angiogenesis by repressing Notch1 signalling via inhibiting γ‐secretase activity
Authors: Fan Linlin , Liu Hao , Zhu Guofu , Singh Shekhar , Yu Ze , Wang Shumin , Luo Hong , Liu Shiying , Xu Yawei , Ge Junbo , Jiang Dongyang , Pang Jinjiang
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

Notch1 activation mediated by γ‐secretase is critical for angiogenesis. GeneCards database predicted that Caspase‐4 (CASP4, with murine ortholog CASP11) interacts with presenilin‐1, the catalytic core of γ‐secretase. Therefore, we investigated the role of CASP4/11 in angiogenesis.

Experimental Approach

In vivo, we studied the role of Casp11 in several angiogenesis mouse models using Casp11 wild‐type and knockout mice. In vitro, we detected the effects of CASP4 on endothelial functions and Notch signalling by depleting or overexpressing CASP4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The functional domain responsible for the binding of CASP4 and presenilin‐1 was detected by mutagenesis and co‐immunoprecipitation.

Key Results

Casp11 deficiency impaired adult angiogenesis in ischaemic hindlimbs, melanoma xenografts and Matrigel plugs, but not the developmental angiogenesis of retina. Bone marrow transplantation revealed that the pro‐angiogenic effect depended on CASP11 derived from non‐haematopoietic cells. CASP4 expression was induced by inflammatory factors and CASP4 knockdown decreased cell viability, proliferation, migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Mechanistically, CASP4/11 deficiency increased Notch1 activation in vivo and in vitro, while CASP4 overexpression repressed Notch1 signalling in HUVECs. Moreover, CASP4 knockdown increased γ‐secretase activity. The γ‐Secretase inhibitor DAPT restored the effects of CASP4 siRNA on Notch1 activation and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Notably, the catalytic activity of CASP4/11 was dispensable. CASP4 directly interacted with presenilin‐1 through the caspase recruitment domain (CARD).

Conclusions and Implications

These findings reveal a critical role of CASP4/11 in adult angiogenesis and make this molecule a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis‐related diseases in the future.
Depositional and diagenetic processes in volcanic matrix‐rich sandstones from the Shanxi and Shihezi formations, Ordos Basin, China: Implication for volcano‐sedimentary systems
Authors: Cui Hang , Zhu Shifa , Tan Mingxuan , Tong Huan
Published: June 2022

Volcanic eruptions can provide large amounts of sedimentary materials and expose fluvial valleys or lakes to catastrophic hyperpycnal flood events, but this process has not been documented in detail. The Ordos Basin Permian fluvio‐deltaic system reveals evidence for abundant volcanism linked to the tectonic evolution of orogenic belt around the basin and provides a ‘natural laboratory’ for investigating hyperpycnal flows associated with volcanic activity. This study analysed volcanic matrix‐rich sandstone (VMS) samples for petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry in order to address current and uncertain volcanogenic material provenance explanations and the lack of systematic investigations into the depositional and diagenetic processes of volcanic related sediments in the southwestern basin. By combining tectonic background surveys, detrital zircon geochronology and spatial distribution of volcanogenic materials, it was found that volcanogenic materials were not derived from the Yinshan‐Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) as previously thought, but instead evidence a southwestern origin from the North Qinling Orogenic Belt (NQOB). Volcanogenic materials retained in the provenance area during frequent volcanic eruptions were transported to the basin via fluvial systems shortly after the eruption. The associated sediments meet the criterion for hyperpycnites based on lithofacies associations, suggesting the occurrence of hyperpycnal flows during the deposition of VMS. During the subsequent burial stage, the VMS became three distinct types defined by their volcanic matrix content and have similar paragenetic sequences but different diagenetic intensities. The differing content of authigenic minerals in the three types was closely related to the sandstone pore structure characteristics and the evolution of volcanic‐matrix alteration materials. This article proposes a possible explanation for the previously unidentified tectonothermal events in the NQOB during the Permian, validating and reinforcing the theoretical work of hyperpycnal flow. This contribution provides new insights and understanding of the depositional and diagenetic processes of lacustrine basins with similar tectonic settings.
An economic analysis of production efficiency: Evidence from Irish farms
Authors: Chavas Jean‐Paul , Läpple Doris , Barham Bradford , Dillon Emma
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to investigate the economics of production efficiency of dairy farms, with a specific focus on the role of agricultural policy. Our analysis is based on a representative sample of Irish dairy farms, ranging from 2000 to 2018, which includes a period of major change in EU dairy policy. Based on a multi‐input multi‐output production system, we first estimate technical, allocative, scale and scope efficiencies. We find significant heterogeneity in technical and allocative efficiencies, which change over time. We also calculate shadow prices of milk quota, which suggest that milk quotas restricted many farmers and limited their ability to produce milk. Finally, we explore determinants of technical, allocative, scale and overall inefficiencies using random panel‐data censored regression. We find that subsidies are positively associated with farm efficiency, but the effects vary over distinct quota abolition periods. Overall, our empirical findings indicate that agricultural policy had important effects on the managerial effectiveness of farmers.
Serious arrhythmia in initiators of citalopram, escitalopram, and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: A population‐based cohort study in older adults
Authors: Aakjær Mia , Werther Sarah Kimmer , De Bruin Marie Louise , Andersen Morten
Published: June 2022

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram and escitalopram are associated with QT prolongation, which increases the risk of serious arrhythmia. Consequently, regulatory agencies issued safety warnings in 2011. This study aimed to investigate the risk of serious arrhythmia following initiation of citalopram or escitalopram compared to other SSRIs and the risk in the periods before and after the warnings were issued. We conducted a series of nationwide cohort studies emulating a target trial using Danish healthcare register data from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2016. We included patients (aged ≥65 years) who filled an SSRI prescription with a 1‐year washout period before the index date. The outcome was an event of serious arrhythmia. Individuals were followed for a maximum of 6 months using an intention‐to‐treat approach. Log‐binomial regression analyses were performed, estimating risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age and sex, comorbidities, and comedications with propensity scores. Dose–response effects were not investigated because dosage instructions were not available. We included 167,366 (146,014 individuals), 40,113 (37,069 individuals), and 50,281 (44,754 individuals) person‐trials of citalopram, escitalopram, and other SSRIs, respectively. In total, there were 228 events of serious arrhythmia. No difference in risk was observed in the entire study period for either citalopram (0.87 [0.62–1.22]) or escitalopram (0.85 [0.53–1.40]). We identified lower point estimates after the safety warning, RR 0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.93) for citalopram and 0.58 (0.20–1.63) for escitalopram. Initiation of citalopram and escitalopram was not associated with an increased risk of serious arrhythmia. However, lower point estimates were observed after the safety warning.
Over‐the‐catheter endoscope replacement for stenting in patients with inaccessible malignant colonic obstruction with coexisting peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Iboshi Yoichiro , Sumida Yorinobu , Ihara Eikichi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Harada Naohiko , Nakamuta Makoto , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: June 2022

Although a large‐caliber endoscope (LCE) is indispensable for through‐the‐scope placement of a self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) in patients with malignant colonic obstruction (MCO), inaccessibility of the target obstructing lesion (TOL) by the endoscope is a significant cause of unsuccessful procedures. We herein present a novel salvage procedure when the TOL is not directly accessible by an LCE in conditions such as coexisting peritoneal carcinomatosis involving the colon. The salvage procedure, termed over‐the‐catheter endoscope replacement (OCER), starts with an ultraslim endoscope suitable for deep insertion beyond a tortuous colon for traversing a guidewire through the TOL. The ultraslim endoscope is then withdrawn and replaced by an LCE through the following steps. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography catheter is preloaded in the LCE, the catheter alone is passed over the guidewire already traversed through the TOL, and the LCE is navigated over the catheter as far as possible toward the TOL to deliver the SEMS delivery system in a standard through‐the‐scope manner or further in an over‐the‐wire manner even if LCE insertion is incomplete. Among the 165 patients with MCO who underwent stenting during our study period, OCER led to successful procedures in all nine patients whose TOLs were initially inaccessible because of colon‐involving peritoneal carcinomatosis. By utilizing the functions of distinctive endoscopes in a unique and complementary way, OCER can be a practical salvage option for challenging cases of MCO that are highly prone to unsuccessful palliation by conventional SEMS placement.
Examination of the most cited studies on transcatheter aortic valve replacement with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Güzel Tuncay , Arslan Bayram
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to analyze the studies on TAVI with the bibliometric method and to perform a scientiometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles for researchers.

Methods

The Thomson Reuters Web of Science database was searched for all relevant articles using the terms “TAVR” and “TAVI”. The results were ordered according to the number of citations. We also analyzed the 100 most cited articles (T100) by annual average citation count (ACpY), years, research methods, author, institution, journal, funding agencies, and keywords. Analyses were also performed between the total number of citations, ACpY, impact factors, and publication time.

Results

The article titled “Transcatheter Aortic‐Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis in Patients Who Cannot Undergo Surgery” was the most cited article (n = 4616). The article titled “Transcatheter Aortic‐Valve Replacement with a Balloon‐Expandable Valve in Low‐Risk Patients” had the highest ACpY count (n = 497). The United States was the country that contributed the most to the T100 list. While the journal that contributed the most with 32 articles was “Journal of the American College Of Cardiology”, the journal in which the top 10 most cited articles were published most frequently was the “New England Journal of Medicine”. In addition, the most publications were made in 2012.

Conclusion

Although this bibliometric analysis study has some limitations, it allows the most cited publications on TAVI to be analyzed systematically and provides scientific contributions.
The accelerated aging skin in rhino‐like SHJHhr mice
Authors: Gao Jinfeng , Li Yongchao , Guan Yalun , Wei Xiaoyue , Chen Shijian , Li Xuejiao , Li Yunfeng , Huang Zhongqiang , Liu Shuhua , Li Ge , Xu Ping , Zhang Yu , Zhao Yuhong
Published: June 2022

SHJHhr mice line is rhino‐like mice with a nonsense Hairless (Hr) mutant, which shows the characteristic of shedding hair and wrinkled skin with increasing age. Through histological analysis and aging indexes detection, SHJHhr mice show an increased thickness skin with degraded hair follicle and dermal cysts and disorganized collagen fibres, as well as decreased level of Hyp. Meanwhile, the aging markers p16 and p21 are significantly higher in SHJHhr mouse skin than ICR mouse skin at same age. Moreover, the data of MDA and SOD show a higher oxidative stress in SHJHhr mouse skin, and the levels of Nrf2 and its targets are significantly downregulated, which suggests SHJHhr mice have a faster aging skin and its reason maybe poor antioxidative protection. Overall, this study shows SHJHhr mice with an accelerated aging skin, which suggests the role of Hr gene in skin aging.
Dynamic graph embedding‐based anomaly detection on internet of things time series
Authors: Li Gen , Jung Jason J.
Published: June 2022

Anomaly detection is critical in the internet of things (IoT) environment. To this issue, this study provides a novel approach for detecting anomalies in multivariate IoT time series. The proposed approach identified relationships between IoT time series to establish a dynamic graph and estimated the graph entropy to detect anomalies. The presented approach was applied to industrial IoT datasets. The results have shown that the presented method outperformed other models by 0.21 with respect to F1‐score. In addition, we used three distinct algorithms to detect the anomalies from the multivariate IoT time series. According to the results, the local outlier factor approach outperformed the others by 0.18 with respect to F1‐score.
Determining population structure and connectivity through otolith chemistry of stout whiting, Sillago robusta
Authors: Sarakinis Koster G. , Taylor Matthew D. , Johnson Daniel D. , Gillanders Bronwyn M.
Published: June 2022

Fish otoliths encode information on surrounding environmental conditions. This study used otolith chemistry to investigate population structure and potential connectivity in stout whiting (Sillago robusta) along the east coast of Australia. Otoliths were analysed for both minor and trace elements, targeting the otolith core (location of birth) and otolith edge (location of capture), along with Ba:Ca transects to investigate life histories. Significant differences were found between core and edge signatures as well as among sample zones for select trace and minor elements. Otolith edge signatures showed evidence of some heterogeneity among zones, likely influenced by both environmental and physiological factors. This combination of factors is reflected in poor separation of sample zones from the multielement analysis, suggesting that future research may benefit from incorporating additional natural markers. Transects reflected some degree of individuality in Ba:Ca profiles, with evidence for potential exposure to upwelling events, or movement from shallow, inshore habitats into deeper waters. The variation in Ba:Ca profiles among fish suggests that populations are comprised of both resident and migratory individuals. While analysis of otolith chemistry could not reliably separate capture locations, patterns in the data suggest that inshore juvenile habitats are likely to be important in supporting exploited populations.
Negotiating politics and power: Perspectives on environmental justice from Jamaica's specialty coffee industry
Authors: Birthwright Anne‐Teresa
Published: June 2022

The Jamaican specialty coffee industry operates in an ecologically sensitive landscape that is institutionally, politically and socio‐economically complex. Birthed under colonial rule, the industry has undergone a confluence of events that have shaped its contemporary organisation and exacerbated deeply rooted institutional and structural conditions. Through the lens of environmental justice, the paper sheds light on the plural claims to justice under changing climatic conditions and reveals the politics of adaptation within the context of market capitalism. Using stakeholder interviews, the paper captures the articulations and manifestations of injustice by exploring the local perceptions of procedural justice and justice as recognition. Through an examination of power and politics, the paper begins by contextualising the pre‐existing conditions that shape the disabling environment in which smallholders operate. This includes the neoliberal restructuring of the industry, smallholders' access to low farm gate prices, expensive farm inputs, low‐value chain participation, and limited support services. As these conditions are exacerbated by climate change impacts, the paper then discusses the disparity in justice claims between farmers and industry stakeholders surrounding the deployment of suitable climate change adaptation response. This is an area of contestation, as even though smallholders face multiple stressors, industry leaders have continued to operate the island's major coffee‐producing spaces as areas where profits can be mined and privileges reinforced. Effectively, the smallholder livelihoods embedded within Jamaica's coffee‐producing landscapes have been subjected to asymmetrical structures of power which legitimise whose voices are heard and which adaptation pathway takes precedence, thus generating injustices, nurturing vulnerabilities and stifling agency.
THE IMPACT OF LOCAL FISCAL AND MIGRATION POLICIES ON HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND INEQUALITY IN CHINA
Authors: Sieg Holger , Yoon Chamna , Zhang Jipeng
Published: June 2022

We develop and estimate a spatial overlapping generations model with heterogeneous households to study the feasibility of a recently proposed reform of internal migration policies that offers the potential of decreasing inequality within China. We find that this policy change significantly increases the college attainment of migrant children born in rural areas and, therefore, promises to increase the number of high‐skill workers. However, it requires significant tax increases to offset the reduction of the positive fiscal externalities provided by migrants.
Caries‐preventive effectiveness of two different fluoride varnishes: A randomised clinical trial in patients with multi‐bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Sardana Divesh , Ekambaram Manikandan , Yang Yanqi , McGrath Colman P. , Yiu Cynthia K. Y.
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with multi‐bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances are at a higher risk of developing enamel demineralisation.

Aim

To compare the efficacy of the quarterly application of two varnishes in preventing white spot lesions (WSLs) during multi‐bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

Design

Ninety‐nine patients were randomly allocated into three intervention groups: Group A—standard oral hygiene instructions (OHI); Group B—5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with standard OHI; and Group C—NaF plus tricalcium phosphate varnish with standard OHI. The outcome was assessed at 6‐monthly intervals using a quantitative laser fluorescence device, clinical evaluation and photographic evaluation on six maxillary anterior teeth. A logistic regression model using generalised estimating equations with the intervention group, time and their interaction was used to compare the occurrence of WSLs, whereas the independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the means of fluorescent values among different groups at p = .05.

Results

Generalised estimating equations (with intervention and time as predictors) showed that only the effect of time was found to be significant (p < .001), whereas there was no significant difference among the three intervention groups (p = .305) using clinical assessment or photographic assessment (p = .599). At the 18‐month follow‐up, sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with standard OHI was shown to reduce the odds of WSLs by 55% (p = .200), and NaF plus tricalcium phosphate varnish with standard OHI by 42% (p = .327).

Conclusion

The study failed to demonstrate that the quarterly application of both the study varnishes with OHI provided additional benefits compared with standard OHI alone in preventing WSLs, taking the effect of time of follow‐up into consideration. There were higher odds of developing WSLs with an increased duration of orthodontic treatment.
Novel pulsed infrared radiation: Effect on microbial, chemical and sensory properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Javanmard Dakheli Majid , Shavandi Mahdi
Published: June 2022

Aim

In this study, the effect of pulsed infrared (PIR) irradiation on saffron microbial, chemical and sensory properties were evaluated.

Methods and results

The PIR power (250, 350 and 450 W), the distance of sample with irradiation source (10, 20 and 30 cm), irradiation time (0–20 min) and PIR pulse (1, 2 and 3 pulse/s) were investigated. Decontamination of total bacteria and total mould and yeast flora and microbial inactivation kinetics were determined. Saffron quality by FTIR and HPLC and sensory attributes were also measured. The highest reduction of the total bacterial count (2.203 log10 CFU per g) and total mould and yeast counts (2.194 log10 CFU per g) were obtained in Sargol Negin saffron at 350 W PIR power, 10 cm distance, 1.5 min treatment time and 3 pulse/s. The Double Weibull model is the best-fit model for the prediction of the microbial population.

Conclusion

Until now, there have been no reports of application for PIR in food processing and decontamination. According to the results, it can be concluded that PIR can be used as a safe method of saffron processing.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Utilization of a proper decontamination method for spices especially saffron as the most expensive agricultural product is challengeable. It is recommended to use the PIR method for food processing because due to the reduction of microbial population, it can maintain foodstuff quality at an acceptable level.
Alternative pathway for dopamine production by acetogenic gut bacteria that O-Demethylate 3-Methoxytyramine, a metabolite of catechol O-Methyltransferase
Authors: Rich Barry E. , Jackson Jayme C. , de Ora Lizett Ortiz , Long Zane G. , Uyeda Kylie S. , Bess Elizabeth N.
Published: June 2022

Aims

The gut microbiota modulates dopamine levels in vivo, but the bacteria and biochemical processes responsible remain incompletely characterized. A potential precursor of bacterial dopamine production is 3-methoxytyramine (3MT); 3MT is produced when dopamine is O-methylated by host catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), thereby attenuating dopamine levels. This study aimed to identify whether gut bacteria are capable of reverting 3MT to dopamine.

Methods and Results

Human faecal bacterial communities O-demethylated 3MT and yielded dopamine. Gut bacteria that mediate this transformation were identified as acetogens Eubacterium limosum and Blautia producta. Upon exposing these acetogens to propyl iodide, a known inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent O-demethylases, 3MT O-demethylation was inhibited. Culturing E. limosum and B. producta with 3MT afforded increased acetate levels as compared with vehicle controls.

Conclusions

Gut bacterial acetogens E. limosum and B. producta synthesized dopamine from 3MT. This O-demethylation of 3MT was likely performed by cobalamin-dependent O-demethylases implicated in reductive acetogenesis.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This is the first report that gut bacteria can synthesize dopamine by O-demethylation of 3MT. Owing to 3MT being the product of host COMT attenuating dopamine levels, gut bacteria that reverse this transformation—converting 3MT to dopamine—may act as a counterbalance for dopamine regulation by COMT.
Behaviour change techniques used in lifestyle support of adults with mild intellectual disabilities
Authors: Willems Mariël , de Jong Johan , Overwijk Annelies , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. , van der Schans Cees P. , Waninge Aly
Published: June 2022

Background

Professional caregivers are important in the daily support of lifestyle change for adults with mild intellectual disabilities; however, little is known about which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are actually used. This study aims to gain insight in their use for lifestyle behaviour change using video observations.

Methods

Professional caregivers (N = 14) were observed in daily work supporting adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Videos were analysed using the Coventry Aberdeen London Refined (CALO‐RE‐NL) taxonomy and BCTs utilised were coded.

Results

Twenty one out of 40 BCTs were used by professional caregivers. The BCTs ‘Information about others' approval’, ‘Identification as role model’, ‘Rewards on successful behaviour’, ‘Review behavioural goals’ and ‘Instructions on how to perform the behaviour’ were most employed.

Conclusion

Professional caregivers used BCTs to support healthier lifestyle behaviour of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. However, most promising of them as defined previous by professionals were rarely used by professional caregivers.