bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Language Learning Beliefs of Self-identified, Successful Learners of Spanish as a Foreign Language
Authors: Rodriguez Manzanaresis Maria , Murphy Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on a case study designed to gain insight into the language learning beliefs (LLBs) of eight, self-identified, successful learners of Spanish as a foreign language at a Canadian university. Data collection included an online asynchronous discussion and individual online interviews together with online administration of the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI). Cross-case analyses of LLBs revealed that participants associated success with their ability to create bonds with the target culture. They emphasised developing language strategies as they relate to social purposes, placing emphasis on the social and affective component of learning Spanish, and on learning Spanish in out-of-classroom, authentic contexts. Implications include the value of developing learners’ L2 learning social strategies in addition to cognitive ones and the value of promoting opportunities for learners to participate in social events in relation to the target language culture.
Cette étude de cas donne un aperçu sur les croyances en apprentissage de langues étrangères (CALE) de huit apprenants d’espagnol dans une université canadienne. Ces apprenants s’identifient eux-mêmes comme étant de bons étudiants. La collecte d’informations s’est réalisée grâce à des discussions asynchrones et à des interviews individuels en ligne basés sur l’Inventaire des Croyances sur l’Apprentissage de Langues (ICAL). Les analyses de cas croisées des CALE ont révélés que les participants associaient leur succès à leur capacité à créer des liens avec la culture cible. Ils mettent l’accent sur le fait qu’ils développent des stratégies d’apprentissage en relation avec des buts sociaux, tout en insistant sur la composante sociale et affective de l’apprentissage de l’espagnol et sur le fait qu’ils apprennent également l’espagnol en dehors de la salle de cours, c'est-à-dire dans des contextes authentiques. Les résultats montrent donc l’importance de développer non seulement les stratégies cognitives mais aussi les stratégies sociales des apprenants. Il est également indispensable d’augmenter les différentes possibilités de participation à des évènements sociaux en relation avec la langue et la culture cibles pour nos étudiants.
Learning in a Credit Crisis, or a Crisis of Credit? Microcredit Lending, the Grameen Bank, and Informal Learning
Authors: McGray Robert
Published: June 2020

Popular economic discourses have developed a lexicon which will often refer to economic downturns as a credit crisis. Kojin Karatani’s recent reworking of Marx’s analysis of the credit system however forces us to consider that credit itself may be the problem – a problem referred to here as the crisis of credit. This essay is a critical theoretical analysis of the way in which microcredit lending programs constrain informal learning so that people learn in a crisis of credit. After tracing the roots of microcredit to neoliberal gender reforms, I identify and critique three underlying justifications of the crisis of credit. Finally, I argue that understanding the credit/indebtedness process reveals how our proposed solution to a credit crisis contains new constraints for informal learning.
Les discours économiques populaires font généralement référence aux récessions économiques alors qu’ il s’agit de crises de crédit. La nouvelle perspective du système de crédit de Marx entrepris par Kojin Karatani nous force cependant à considérer que le problème se pose sur le crédit lui-même – un problème en l’occurrence de crise de crédit. Cet article est une analyse théorique qui critique la façon dont les programmes de microcrédits entravent l’apprentissage informel des citoyens dans une crise de crédit. Après avoir retracé l’origine des microcrédits jusqu’aux réformes néolibérales de genre, trois justifications de taille ont été identifiées et critiquées. Pour conclure, j’argumenterai que le fait que comprendre le processus de crédit et d’endettement dévoile comment la solution proposée à la crise de crédit contient de nouvelles contraintes pour l’apprentissage informel.
Nouvelle régulation de l’éducation et transformation du travail enseignant : une analyse des expériences des enseignants de Vancouver, Toronto et Montréal
Authors: Tchimou Madeleine
Published: June 2020

Cet article rend compte de l‘évolution des pratiques enseignantes induites par la mise en oeuvre des politiques scolaires définies dans le cadre de la nouvelle régulation. Des entrevues ont été menées auprès des enseignants d‘écoles primaries et secondaires. L‘étude des cas de la Colombie- Britannique, de l‘Ontario et du Québec a été privilégiée. L‘analyse des résultats montre que les effets des nouvelles politiques, en termes de transformation des pratiques enseignantes, sont différemment vécues et interprétés par les répondants de l‘étude.
This article reports on the evolution of teaching practices resulting from the implementation of educational policies as defined in the frame of new regulations for education. Interviews were conducted with teachers from elementary and secondary schools. A case study was developed focusing on results from British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. An analysis of the results shows that the effects of the new policies in terms of transforming teaching practices are experienced and interpreted in different ways by the participants in the study.
Teacher Perceptions of Strategies for Improving ESOL Students’ Academic English Skills: A K-12 Perspective
Authors: Huang Jinyan , Smith Alexis , Smith R.
Published: June 2020

This study investigates five North American K-12 classroom teachers’ perceptions of ESOL students’ challenges in academic English skills and strategies for improving ESOL students’ academic English skills. Seven distinct areas of interest emerged from the five interviews: 1) ranking of importance of academic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills; 2) challenges that ESOL students face in the classroom; 3) strategies to help ESOL students in academic listening; 4) strategies to help ESOL students in academic speaking; 5) strategies to help ESOL students in academic reading; 6) strategies to help ESOL students in academic writing; and 7) strategies to assist ESOL students in overcoming challenges in academic English skills. This paper focuses on the implementation of coping strategies for K-12 ESOL students in academic English skills, as perceived by their classroom teachers.
Cette étude enquête sur les perceptions de cinq enseignants nord-américains de classes préscolaires à la 12e, des défis de leurs élèves ESOL face aux compétences en Anglais académique et des stratégies pouvant améliorer les compétences en Anglais académique de ces élèves ESOL. Sept domaines d’intérêt distincts ont émergés de ces cinq entretiens:1) degré d’importance académique des compétences en écoute, parler, lecture et écriture; 2) défis auxquels font face les élèves ESOL dans leurs salles de classe; 3) stratégies visant à aider les élèves ESOL avec leur écoute académique; 4) stratégies visant à aider les élèves ESOL avec leur parler académique; 5) stratégies visant à aider les élèves ESOL avec leur lecture académique; 6) stratégies visant à aider les élèves ESOL avec leur écriture académique; et 7) stratégies visant à assister les élèves ESOL à surmonter les défis liés aux compétences en Anglais académique. Cet article porte l’accent sur l’implémentation de stratégies d’adaptation pour les élèves de la maternelle à la 12e concernant les compétences en Anglais académique, telle que perçue par leurs enseignants.
Voices of Youth in an Ethiopian NGO's educational program: A holistic view at enabling factors
Authors: Piquemal Nathalie
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the impact that a Canadian NGO’s supported educational programs in Ethiopia have had on orphaned and vulnerable young people, socially, emotionally, and academically, as experienced, storied and understood by the children and adolescents themselves. Using Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) bio-ecological theory of human development as a theoretical framework and qualitative inquiry, specifically semi-structured interviews with 37 children and youths between 9 and 17 years old, as a methodological framework, this study explores factors that promote empowerment, resilience, and hope though students’ experiences and perceptions in these NGO’s educational programs. Discussion includes reflection gender, social justice, and implications for practice for Canadian educators who work with vulnerable youths, such as war-affected students.
I came, but I’m lost: Learning stories of three Chinese international students in Canada
Authors: Zhang Zhihua (Olivia) , Beck Kumari
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The number of international students arriving in Canada is increasing annually, with students from China accounting for the highest number. Grounded in sociocultural theories of second language learning, identity, investment and Community of Practice (CoP), this paper presents selected findings from a narrative study investigating the experiences of Chinese international students preparing for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) tests in Canada. Based on their own accounts of English learning before and after coming to Vancouver, this paper finds that the participants recognized the capital and power of English and foreign qualifications, and regarded international education as a sanctuary from examinations in China. By comparing their current learning in different settings, they expressed confusion about engaging/disengaging in different communities, and about their past expectations, current experiences as well as future possibilities. This paper hopes to draw the attention of stakeholders (institutions and test issuing organizations) to the more nuanced challenges that international students encounter so that better support can be provided to international students learning English for academic purposes.
Diagnostic des conceptions en sciences susceptibles d’expliquer les différences de performances à une évaluation internationale entre le Québec et le Maroc
Authors: Loubaki Guy Norbert , Potvin Patrice , Hijazi Lalla Rabia , Vàzquèz-Abad Jesùs
Published: June 2020

Cet article présente un aperçu des résultats d'une étude doctorale qui s’inscrit dans une perspective de recherche d’explications des différences de performance à une évaluation internationale pour des sujets habitants des contextes géographiques où les habitudes de vie diffèrent considérablement.
Cette étude poursuit l’objectif de mieux comprendre et d’expliquer les différences de performance réalisées par des jeunes marocains et québécois de 15 ans dans une évaluation internationale combinant les questions en sciences des enquêtes TEIMS 2007 et PISA 2006.
Les résultats de cette étude permettront éventuellement de proposer des hypothèses de recherche portant sur l’équité dans l’explication des différences de performance entre élèves de contextes géographiques considérablement différents et de nuancer la valeur des évaluations internationales et des interprétations qui peuvent découler.
Cultural Discovery as a Post-Year Abroad Agent of Change for UK Modern Language Students
Authors: Hampton Cathy
Published: June 2020

In a twenty month project intended to confer social responsibility and to engender metacognitive reflection upon communal identity and global citizenship, students of French undertaking a study year abroad were invited to identify and collect realia (culturally-significant artefacts) in their host countries intended for the enhancement of language teaching and learning in UK elementary and secondary classrooms. On their return, they would develop their acquisitions into learning resources for local schools. This project brought together higher education and secondary Modern Foreign Language practitioners. Its impact is analysed using social realist and pedagogical theories focusing on the benefits of situated, collaborative learning experiences and on the importance of social engagement within a higher education curriculum seeking to prepare students to operate in a supercomplex environment. It explores the relationship between identity formation, intercultural dialogue and language learning, and examines the value of the student-as-producer learning model in conferring agency.
Who governs the internationalization of higher education? A comparative analysis of macro-regional policies in Canada and the European Union
Authors: Tamtik Merli
Published: June 2020

The internationalization of higher education has become a politically strategic and economically promising policy area. As a result, the traditional authority and governance boundaries related to internationalization are becoming fluid. This paper focuses on the macro-regional internationalization strategies in Canada and the European Union (EU) in order to understand the changing dynamics of internationalization governance. By applying multi-level governance theory, the paper analyses and compares how internationalization is understood at the macro-regional level, revealing fundamental differences in the normative values. The findings indicate that while Canada is formulating an aggressive marketization approach to benefit from the intensified global competition, the EU is endorsing a more comprehensive student-centered approach focusing on quality and balanced partnerships. The discussion section elaborates on the strengths and weaknesses of the use of multi-level governance theory.
Book Review: Spotlight on China: Changes in Education under China’s Market Economy
Authors: Liu Xiaoli
Published: June 2020

In the past 30 years, China has been experiencing tremendous social, economic, and educational transformations. China has become one economic superpower in the world. How do China’s economic forces influence its education? Spotlight on China: Changes in Education under China’s Market Economy, edited by Shibao Guo and Yan Guo, provides an insightful analysis of the impact of the profound social and economic transformations on education in China.
"No Stopping the Gift of Knowledge": Reflections on a Nālandā concept of international education
Authors: Beck Kumari
Published: June 2020

no need for this
OISE-CIDEC-CIESC 50-year relationship: Lessons learned in leadership, mentorship, partnerships, identity and innovation
Authors: Drinkwater Mary , Bahry Stephen , Gligorova Teodora , Beauregard Melissa , Wong Wales
Published: June 2020

As we approach the 50th anniversary of CIESC, we heed Vandra Masemann’s call to “gather and reflect on our historical memory” and to strive to “build our identity and broaden our reach”. Data for this paper were gathered through a combination of interviews and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with 9 current and former OISE-CIDEC faculty and staff. Documents reviewed included: CIDEC newsletters, annual reports, director/co-director reports, CIE Journal and other academic journal article reviews, and book reviews. In order to trace the evolution of the relationship between OISE-CIDEC and CIESC, we undertook a chronological analysis broken into three sections: The Formative Years: CE at University of Toronto; OISE-CIECS relationship; Leadership and partnerships: OISE-CIDEC, CIESC and beyond; Issues of naming & identity (1960s-90s); Becoming Millennials: Impacts of globalization, internationalism and technology; and finally Post-50th Anniversary (2017): Taking the OISE-CIDEC-CIESC lessons forward.
Reflections on symmetries and asymmetries in the internationalization of higher education in Brazil and Canada
Authors: Andreotti Vanessa , S. Thiago Elisa , Stein Sharon
Published: June 2020

In this article we reflect on how internationalization is articulated in different ways within the context of a relatively new global educational credentials export industry (GEEI). This industry emerged largely as a response to decreased public funding of higher education in specific 'education export' countries. We take Canada as an example of one of these countries, to illustrate how the marketization of internationalization in higher education is reproduced and contested within that context. We contrast how internationalization is articulated in Canada with the context of internationalization in Brazil. We offer the case of a Brazilian university - UNILA, the Federal University for Latin American Integration, as an example of internationalization that attempts to challenge the global credentials export industry. mple. The example of UNILA shows how a commitment to international public service stands in contrast to transactional internationalization processes that sustain dominant trends of student and knowledge flows in North-South asymmetrical engagements.
Higher Education in the Arab States: The Realities and Challenges of Regionalization
Authors: Jafar Hayfa , Knight Jane
Published: June 2020

This study explores the phenomenon of higher education regionalization in the Arab states using the Functional, Organizational and Political Approaches model (FOPA) as the analytical framework. Drawing on data from different international, regional, and national organizations, the article shows that the Arab states are engaging in a variety of collaborative activities and alignment efforts related to improving quality assurance, academic mobility, and joint research. The article concludes that the process of higher education regionalization in the Arab states is currently oriented more towards bilateral and multilateral activities by universities and higher education actors than through regional-based frameworks, policies, and plans. The commitment to the regionalization of higher education is challenged by lack of a robust governance structure, funding, political instability, and a keen interest in collaboration and partnerships external, not internal, to the region. Thus, higher education regionalization in this region is yet to evolve to a more strategic and planned approach.
Fluctuating Tonality and Monotonality in Schoenberg’s Op. 6, No. 8 “Der Wanderer”
Authors: Praskurnin Vlad
Published: June 2020

Briefly yet tantalizingly outlined in his Theory of Harmony, interpretation of Schoenberg’s concept of fluctuating tonality has proved fruitful in the discussion of his late tonal repertoire, leading to scholarship such as Christopher Lewis’s 1987 article “Mirrors and Metaphors: Reflections on Schoenberg and Nineteenth-Century Tonality.” In this paper, I review Schoenberg’s descriptions of fluctuating tonality and of monotonality, and examine the interaction between these concepts through a close reading of Schoenberg’s “Der Wanderer” (Op. 6, no. 8). The analysis features adapted Schenkerian methods used in conjunction with traditional Roman numeral and root/quality analysis. Rather than suggesting a background principle of paired tonics as argued by Lewis in his analysis of “Traumleben” and “Lockung” (Op. 6, no.1 and no. 7), I interpret fluctuating tonality as a surface- to middleground-level phenomenon that can obscure the tonality of a composition that ultimately remains monotonal.
Turismo, patrimonio urbano y justicia social. El caso de Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Cabrera-Jara Natasha , Bernal-Reino Elisa
Published: June 2020

La turistificación del patrimonio urbano latinoamericano ha demandado transformaciones materiales y simbólicas, que han derivado en el desplazamiento de colectivos específicos. La investigación toma al centro histórico de Cuenca en Ecuador como caso de estudio, debido al alcance de sus transformaciones y al éxito de sus campañas de marketing turístico, a partir de su declaratoria como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad en 1999. La metodología propuesta se desarrolla en cuatro fases: caracterización del caso, análisis de planes y programas, estudio de proyectos construidos y análisis espacial del desplazamiento. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el enfoque economicista de los planes, la invisibilización de los desplazamientos provocados y ejemplifican algunas de las estrategias de los procesos de turistificación en áreas patrimoniales, donde el desplazamiento de colectivos populares se minimiza frente a la mejora del paisaje histórico urbano con fines turísticos, en oposición a principios de justicia social y territorial.
Calidad de vida y escala urbana según regiones en la República Argentina (2010)
Authors: Velázquez Guillermo Ángel , Celemín Juan Pablo
Published: June 2020

La vaguedad conceptual del concepto de la calidad de vida permite diferentes aproximaciones teóricas para su estudio. No obstante carece de suficientes trabajos que se concentren en estudiar la variabilidad de la calidad de vida en el territorio. En este contexto es donde la ciencia geográfica con sus herramientas puede hacer un aporte concreto. Consiguientemente en este trabajo se aplica un índice que contempla variables socioeconómicas y ambientales a escala urbana para realizar un análisis comparativo según las regiones de la República Argentina. Como conclusión se reconoce que las ciudades de tamaño intermedio registran los valores más satisfactorios para dicho índice, en particular las que poseen entre 400.000 y un millón de habitantes.
La presencia de René Char en la poesía de Jorge Riechmann
Authors: Navarrete Navarrete María Teresa
Published: June 2020

Este artículo estudia la influencia que ejerce la poesía de René Char en la obra literaria de Jorge Riechmann. Este investigación argumenta que, más allá las numerosas citas y referencias de los poemas de Char que Riechmann utiliza en su obra, la poesía de René Char resulta imprescindible para comprender la función de la poesía que Riechmann defiende a través de los conceptos “poesía de la conciencia crítica” y “poesía del desconsuelo” bajo los que define se propuesta lírica. Para demostrar esta hipótesis, estudiaré la elaboración de la idea de acción poética, el uso de la dialéctica de contrarios y la función del erotismo en Fureur et mystèrede René Char y en Cántico de la erosióny Cuaderno de Berlínde Jorge Riechmann.
Lunsjmåltidet i barnehagen som en sosial og pedagogisk arena
Authors: Fossgard Eldbjørg , Holthe Asle , Wergedahl Hege , Aadland Eli Kristin
Published: June 2020

Formålet med artikkelen er å bidra med ny empirisk kunnskap om de kulturelle og sosiale aspektene ved mat og måltider i barnehagen. Forskningsspørsmålene er: Hvordan fungerer lunsjmåltidet i barnehagen som en sosialiserings- og medlæringssituasjon, og hvordan oppfatter de ansatte sine oppgaver og roller i måltidssituasjonen? Det teoretiske perspektivet er hentet fra teorier om sosialisering og om observasjonslæring. Kasusstudien er gjort i to barnehager der det ble gjennomført individuelle intervju, gruppeintervju og observasjoner av måltidssituasjoner. Resultatene viser at de ansatte var opptatt av ansvaret sitt som rollemodeller for barna under måltidet, men løste det forskjellig. Voksenrollene varierte fra å ha tilsyn med barna og sørge for at de fikk i seg maten, til større sosial involvering i måltidssituasjonen. Det kan tyde på manglende fokus på betydning av måltidssosialisering både i utdanningen og hos barnehageeierne og lederne.
English abstract
The purpose of the article is to contribute with new empirical knowledge about the cultural and social aspects of food and meals in the kindergarten. The research questions are: How does the lunch meal in kindergartens function as an area for socialization and learning, and how do the employees perceive their duties and roles in meal situations? The theoretical perspective is taken from the theory of socialization and the model learning. The case study has been carried out in two kindergartens and consisted of individual interviews, group interviews and observations of meal situations. The results show that the staff were concerned about their responsibility as role models for the children during the meal, but solved it differently. Adult roles ranged from supervising the children to social involvement in the meal situation.
Klädd som ett barn – barn och barndom i klädbutiker på nätet
Authors: Sjöberg Johanna
Published: June 2020

Det finns samhälleliga normer om att kläder ska vara åldersadekvata och att man ska klä sig i enlighet med sin ålder – inte ”för ungt” eller ”för gammalt”. Frågan är vad det innebär när det kommer till utbudet av kläder för barn. Artikeln granskar hur ålder aktualiseras i tre svenska nätbutiker som specialiserat sig på kläder för barn: vad det är för stildrag som går genom klädutbudet och vad det säger om föreställningar och förväntningar på barn och barndom.
English abstract
There are societal norms on age-appropriate clothing. One should be dressed in accordance with one’s age – not ”too young” or ”too old”. The question raised here is what that means when it comes to children’s clothing assortment. The article discusses how age is raised in three Swedish online stores specialized in clothes for children – what stylistic features that run through the assortment and what they say about notions and expectations on children and childhood.
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Gaini Firouz
Published: June 2020

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Veien hjem i Lisa Aisatos En fisk til Luna
Authors: Dyrkorn Fodstad Cecilie , Alfheim Ingvild
Published: June 2020

Det norske bildeboklandskapet har overveiende hatt karakterer med vestlig utseende, men det siste tiåret ser vi en tendens til at det er noen eksperimentelle bildebokskapere som utforsker spørsmål om migrasjon, identitet og forskjellighet. Én av disse forfatterne er Lisa Aisato. I denne tematiske lesingen av hennes bok En fisk til Luna (2014), diskuterer vi det å finne hjem. Vi lever i en tid som trolig krever helt nye fortellinger – fortellinger som utfordrer tanker om tilhørighet og som utforsker eller utfordrer forestillinger om det hjemlige og det som er annerledes, og kanskje til og med fordrer nye grunnstrukturer. I utforskningen av relasjonen mellom hovedkarakteren og ballongfisken hennes, støtter vi oss til begrepene «landscape» og «mindscape» og til to begreper om det kulturelt hybride subjektet i en postmoderne virkelighet, brukt av den indiske litteraturforskeren Homi K. Bhabha: «unhomely» og «in-between».
English abstract
It is anything but the rule to portray society as a vibrant multicultural existence in contemporary Norwegian picture books. However, there are a few experimental authors and illustrators who explore the issues of migration, identity and difference. One of these is Lisa Aisato. In this thematic reading of her book En fisk til Luna (2014) we address the concept of homecoming. The protagonist in the story meets a lost Mola mola, possibly a toy balloon, searching for the way home. In our analysis we ask ourselves who is in need of a guide, is it the lost toy or the protagonist? Can we claim that there is such a place as home in a world of cultural transpositions of Patria, where do we belong? Our analysis pertains to themes of identity such as the in-between and of the unhomely, of mindscapes and landscapes. The theoretical framework is the postcolonial theory of Homi K. Bhabha.
Det pædagogiske arbejde med børns bevægelse i daginstitutionens uderum: Om opmærksomhedspunkter i dialogen om udviklingen af en aktiv nærværende pædagogik
Authors: Sønnichsen Lise Hostrup
Published: June 2020

Denne artikel belyser, gennem analyse af en kritisk case, de komplekse forhold, som betinger det pædagogiske arbejde med børns bevægelsesglæde og -læring ved bevægelse i daginstitutionens uderum. Artiklen tager afsæt i nyere forskningsresultater, som påpeger, at pædagoger har en betydningsfuld rolle i relation til stimulation af børns bevægelseslæring og bevægelsesglæde. Artiklen er skrevet i et systemteoretisk perspektiv og belyser, hvad der hæmmer det pædagogiske arbejde med børn og bevægelse i uderummet. Der gives afslutningsvist et bud på hvilke opmærksomhedspunkter, der er væsentlige i design af en kommunikation med den læringshensigt at ændre pædagogikken i uderummet fra at være rettet mod opsyn af børn til at være rettet mod børns læring.
English abstract
This article highlights, through an analysis of a critical case, the complex conditions, which inhibit the pedagogical work with children’s movement in outdoor spaces of daycare centers. The article relies on newer research that point to the fact that pedagogues play a significant role in stimulating children’s movement learning and movement joy. It also points out why an apparent guard-like conduct amongst pedagogues in outdoor spaces is problematic. The article is written in a system theoretical perspective and highlights how an organization based on old traditions inhibits the use of outdoors spaces as a learning space and instead lets the communication codes of the collegial system dominate. In conclusion the article suggest a series of attention points that are essential when designing communication in order to change the pedagogy in the outdoor space from a focus on guarding the children to be targeted to children’s learning.
”Jeg var helt alene, men så kom Sama.” En teoretisk analyse af uledsagede 11 mindreårige asylansøgere og flygtninges udøvelse og dannelse af venskab
Authors: Broholm Signe J.
Published: June 2020

Venskab blandt uledsagede mindreårige asylansøgere og flygtninge er et underbelyst område. På baggrund af et etnografisk feltstudie på et asylcenter i Midt-Norge fokuserer denne artikel på uledsagede mindreåriges oplevelser og erfaringer i hverdagen. Venskab blev omtalt som noget særlig vigtigt og ønskværdigt for de unge i det transit, hvor de ventede i uvished på at opnå bosættelse og starte et nyt liv i Norge. Ud fra et førstepersonsperspektiv og med blandt andet Henrik Vighs (2009) analytiske begreb social navigation belyses, hvordan venskab blandt de unge er yderst betydningsfuldt. Perspektivet er interessant, da det åbner op for en forståelse af de unges mobiliseringsmuligheder og bidrager derved med et indblik i deres tilblivelse samt navigering i et dynamisk landskab.
English abstract
Knowledge about friendship and its importance for unaccompanied minor asylum seekers and refugeesis an underexposed area. The basis for this article is an ethnographic field study on an asylum center in central Norway, focusing on the day-to-day experiences of unaccompanied minors. Friendship was mentioned by the minors as something particularly important and desirable, in the transitory state, in which they waited in uncertainty to settle down and start a new life in Norway. The purpose of this article is, from a first-person perspective and using, among other things, Henrik Vigh’s (2009) analytical term social navigation, to illuminate and understand in which ways friendship is something highly important. The perspective is interesting, as it opens up for an understanding of the mobilization possibilities of the young subjects and thereby contributes with insights into their genesis and social navigation in a dynamic landscape.
Caring for family members with impairments and chronic illnesses. Young carers and young adult carers in asylum seeking and refugee families in the UK
Authors: Ottósdóttir Guðbjörg
Published: June 2020

Research on disability and family care practices in families of refugee and asylum seekers are rare but suggest that due to poor support contexts, children and young adults may be drawn into providing significant care which negatively impacts on their lives (Evans 2011). This article discusses experiences of children and young adults in providing care to disabled parents who participated in a qualitative PhD study in the UK on experiences of disabled asylum seekers and refugees with disability and care. Children and young adults were found to face significant challenges in combining caring with their own needs, including their education, friendships and making transitions to adulthood. However, they held onto their aspirations despite the obstacles of caring, poverty and legal status. They ‘navigated their social becoming’ within their constraining socio-economic and legal contexts, both because of their caring responsibilities and prolonged periods of their families’ lack of entitlements and rights. The findings highlight the importance that research and policy engage with specific needs of children and young adults in caring roles in families of asylum seeking and refugee background living with impairments and chronic illness.
Tid for å tenke nytt om enslige mindreårige
Authors: Reigstad Dabour Mona
Published: June 2020

De siste tre årene har 4000 enslige mindreårige fra Afghanistan søkt asyl i Norge. Afghanere utgjørden klart største gruppen blant enslige mindreårige som kommer hit. Regjeringens svar er økt brukav midlertidig opphold. NOAS – Norsk organisasjon for asylsøkere anbefaler å tenke nytt: Ulike delerav asylforvaltningen kan samarbeide bedre for best mulig opplysning av sakene, og oppsporing kangjøre det mulig å gjenforene mindreårige med familie i hjemlandet.
Barn av vår tid: Barns berättelser om sin reglerade vardag
Authors: Odenbring Ylva
Published: June 2020

Idag spenderar barn i Västvärlden allt mer av sin tid i olika utbildningsinstitutioner och i organiserade fritidsaktiviteter. Hur barn själva upplever sin vardag vet vi idag inte särskilt mycket om. Det är med bakgrund av detta som föreliggande artikel närmare studerar hur svenska och amerikanska barn beskriver och erfar sin vardag och sitt vardagsliv. Studiens resultat visar att barnens berättelser, oberoende av land, ramas in utifrån diskurser kring en allt mer reglerad vardag. De amerikanska barnen uttrycker en önskan om fler möjligheter till mer fri lek, medan de svenska barnen uttrycker en önskan om mindre stress i sin vardag.
English abstract
Children’s daily lives in Western societies revolve more and more around the time they spend in differenteducational settings and in organised free-time activities. However, we still have little knowledge abouthow the children themselves experience their daily lives. It is against this background that the currentstudy investigates Swedish and American children’s views on their everyday lives. Regardless of country,the children’s narratives are framed from discourses connected to regulated and structured days. TheAmerican children expressed a desire for more opportunities to free play, whereas the Swedish childrenexpressed a desire for less stress in their everyday lives
Først då blir det ekte vennskap: Kva opplever krysskulturelle barn som viktig for vennskapsbygging med andre barn i barnehagen?
Authors: Bergset Gunhild
Published: June 2020

Intensjonen med artikkelen er å belyse kva krysskulturelle barn opplever som viktig i samband med vennskapsbygging med andre barn. Data er bygd på ein studie der sju krysskulturelle barn mellom sju og ni år er informantar gjennom semistrukturerte minnesamtaler. Teori og forsking viser at gode vennskapsrelasjonar styrker barns identitet. Hovudfunnet i studien viser at barna legg vekt på at foreldra sin relasjon til barnehagen og til andre foreldre er sentralt for barna sin eigen prosess i vennskapsbygginga. Dette skaper grunnlag for om det kan bli det barna kallar ekte vennskap. Desse funna blir løfta fram i artikkelen.
English abstract
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to what cross-cultural children experience as important when building friendships with other children. Data is based on a qualitative study of seven cross-cultural children between the age of 7 and 9 years, using retrospective semi-structured interview techniques. Research shows that good friendship relations strengthen children’s sense of identity. The main finding from this study shows that children emphasise that their parents’ relationships with their childcare facility, as well as with other parents, play a crucial role in the children’s own friendship-building process. This creates a foundation for whether the children develop what they define as real friendship ties. These findings are highlighted in this article.
Case report – Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR after resolution of symptoms
Authors: Gigli Federica , Laszlo Daniele , Avenoso Daniele
Published: June 2020

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a new challenge for clinicians worldwide. Although the clinical aspects are well described by different groups, there are still some areas of uncertainty about the interpretation of diagnostic methods. Herein, we describe the clinical case of a 45-year-old lady that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection with a prolonged PCR positive nasopharyngeal swab but lack of COVID-19 defining events.
Assessing 30-day avoidable readmission rates: Is it an appropriate tool to manage emergency department quality of care?
Authors: Fabio Agri , Yves Eggli , Dami Fabrice
Published: June 2020

Objective: Quality indicators, based on administrative data, are being increasingly used to assess avoidable hospital readmission rates. Their potential to identify areas for improvement at low cost is attractive, but their performance in emergency departments (EDs) has been criticised.Methods: Hospital readmissions were categorised as potentially avoidable or non-avoidable, by a computerised algorithm (SQLape®, version 2016 - Striving for Quality Level and analysing of patient expenditures). Half-yearly rates were reported between July 2015 and June 2016. Two senior physicians conducted a medical record review on 100 randomly selected cases from an ED, flagged as potentially avoidable readmissions (PAR). Results were then discussed with the algorithm’s designer.Results: The algorithm screened 2,182 eligible emergency visits - 105 cases (4.8%), were deemed potentially avoidable by the algorithm. Among 100 randomly selected cases, nine exclusions were due to coding issues and four due to false positives. Overall (N = 87), 20/87 (23%) of readmissions were directly related to sole emergency care, 31/87 (36%) related to healthcare providers other than the ED, and 23/87 (26%) were of mixed provision, while 13/87 (15%) were attributed to the course of the disease.Conclusions: The study confirms the need for a better understanding of the algorithm’s measurement and of its reported results. Careful interpretation is required before a sound conclusion can be made. Indeed, it is apparent that the 30-day PAR quality indicator rate reflects a wider parameter of care than hospitals alone, who understandably tend to concentrate on their own, direct liability of care. In particular the 30-day PAR quality indicator is not well-suited to evaluate ED performance.
Changing Landscapes in Higher Dental Education
Authors: Mansoor Jamshaid
Published: June 2020

Skills and development: The way undergraduate dental students have been taught and their methods of learning have evolved over decades. Education methods and needs: Perhaps the most rapid and exponential changes have been in the last two decades with the introduction and utilisation of digital media platforms and social media capabilities. Academic and clinical aspects of dentistry are divided within the curriculum, but less consideration and logic are exercised when focusing on the methods of delivering education and the students’ own preferences, capabilities and adaptation towards learning. Technology and dental education and what we believe: In higher education, closed questionnaires were provided to both dental students (50) and teachers (10) relating to delivery methods and their beliefs regarding education techniques available. Opinions regarding these methods still differ amongst dental teachers and students, with an affinity from the dental students towards the use of emerging technology available in dentistry. However, the questionnaires revealed both groups preferred education via direct care on patients more than any other method of education. Conclusion: The literature would indicate some progress made within the dental profession relating to the use of digital media, advanced technology and improved dental software, however, this has not yet been transferred to dental higher education, despite an accessible and obvious availability of modern resources and techniques.
Optimal Surface Preparation for Wood Anatomy Research of Invasive Species by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Merela Maks , Thaler Nejc , Balzano Angela , Plavčak Denis
Published: June 2020

Research was done to develop the optimal method of wood surface preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Since 2018, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM™) FEI Quanta 250 has been installed at the Department of Wood Science and Technology in Ljubljana. We tested several methods for the pre-preparation and cutting of wood surfaces for SEM analyses. The samples had been either dried, soaked in water and frozen, impregnated with paraffin or simply moistened before cutting. We analysed wood surfaces obtained by splitting, sawing, planing, sanding and cutting on a sliding microtome with different blades. The effect of gold coating on the SEM image quality was also evaluated. Best results were obtained by cutting a pre-moistened surface on a sliding microtome with a low profile replaceable blade and gold coated afterwards. Determined methodology is technically less demanding, not time consuming and obtains results that satisfy needs for wood anatomy research at magnifications up to 12.000x. Guidelines for the optimal preparation of samples were prepared, and theoretical and practical basis for investigations of wood anatomy using SEM were provided. The method was afterwards used in analyses of invasive alien plant species – investigating their anatomical structure in the framework of the AlienPLAntSpEcies - APPLAUSE project (Urban Innovative Actions initiative). It was demonstrated that the use of the SEM opened new scope in detailed investigations of the wood structure and properties.
Gender differences in circulatory adjustment to head-up tilt test in health
Authors: Afrin Rimi Sadia , Rezwana Iffat , Sultana Shamima , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: June 2020

Background: A tilt table test is a useful, non-invasive technique that has been used for the last few decades to detect autonomic failure. The response to tilting may vary physiologically between sexes. Aim of the study: To assess the gender-specific changes in cardiovascular response to a tilt test in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 90 healthy males and females aged 18 - 60 years, from 2019 to 2020. Forty- five male subjects and 45 female subjects were included. Using a motorized tilt table, a tilt table test was performed at 60 degrees for 10 minutes. An automatic sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) and a pulse oximeter was used for the measurement of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2). An independent sample t test, a multiple regression analysis and a chi squared test were conducted for statistical analyses. Results: A significantly greater drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed in females, compared to males after tilting. In 5.5% of the subjects, orthostatic intolerance occurred, but there were no significant age or gender- specific differences in subjects with orthostatic intolerance. Conclusion: This study concluded that in response to tilting, cardiovascular response was less pronounced in females.
Falibras Translator: Towards More Health Care Humanization for Deaf People
Authors: Marcolino Vitor , Franco Natália , Brito Patrick , Coradine Luis
Published: June 2020

This work presents Falibras, a translation system between Portuguese and Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) that aims to help both, deaf people and hearers, in trying to communicate. Falibras offers an important tool to provide easy communication and more humanization of health care for deaf people. This paper presents some of the re-engineered artifacts of the Falibras system. Moreover, a discussion about its applicability in e-Health is also presented. Among its main applications, this system supports language learning, both sign and writing language, autonomy for deaf people and humanization in health care. Falibras also gives the possibility of generalizing the translation process in order to allow the translation from any written language to any target language (written, spoken or signaled). Thus, the translation mechanism does not limit the languages involved.
Apresentando o TratBem: Suporte Social, Informacional e Psicológico ao Tabagista
Authors: Oliveira Francisco , Sales Maria Da Penha , Fonteles Joyce , Silva Nayara , Pereira Felipe , De Melo Janaína , Cavalcante Isabele , De Moraes Ligia
Published: June 2020

O tabagismo é a maior causa de morte evitável no mundo. Apenas 5% daqueles que tentam parar de fumar sem apoio são bem sucedidos. O melhor apoio disponível no Brasil encontra-se nos grupos antitabagismo dos hospitais públicos, que possuem vagas limitadas. Apresenta-se o TratBem, um sistema computacional capaz de promover suporte informacional, social e psicológico a fumantes a qualquer hora em qualquer lugar. Discute-se também um estudo de viabilidade do uso de computação móvel em saúde pública, seguido de outro estudo como a introdução do TratBem aumentou as taxas de abstinência.
Um Estudo sobre Interpolação de Imagens de Ressonância Magnética para Quantificação de Lesões de Esclerose Múltipla
Authors: Farias Fabiano , Klein Pedro , Soder Ricardo , Becker Jefferson , Pinho Marcio
Published: June 2020

Uma das ferramentas para o diagnóstico da esclerose múltipla(EM) é o exame de ressonância magnética. Dentre os protocolos de aquisição destes exames, estão o Protocolo de Rotina(PR) e o Protocolo Específico(PE). O PE é um exame caro e demorado, porém permite uma quantificação mais precisa do volume das lesões no cérebro, já o PR, é mais barato, entretanto, sua precisão é menor para esta tarefa. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a aplicação de métodos de interpolação, com objetivo de simular as imagens contidas no exame do PE, a partir de um exame do PR. Os ensaios realizados até o momento demonstram que os exames interpolados permitem obter uma quantificação mais correta do volume das lesões do que aquela que se obtém com os exames do PR.
Auskunftsanspruch aus § 242 BGB und Vorbehalt des Gesetzes
Authors: Berner Felix
Published: June 2020

„Wem die Gesetze ein Recht geben, dem bewilligen sie auch die Mittel, ohne welche dasselbe nicht ausgeübt werden kann“. Misst man das BGB an diesem Grundsatz, findet er sich nur sporadisch verwirklicht. Das BGB kennt zwar Auskunftsansprüche, aber keineswegs hält es für jeden einen Auskunftsanspruch bereit, der ohne einen solchen Anspruch ein Recht nicht durchsetzen kann. Die Zivilgerichte versuchen oftmals über einen Auskunftsanspruch aus § 242 BGB zu helfen. Das BVerfG hat diese Praxis für Auskunftsansprüche des Scheinvaters unterbunden; hiernach bildet § 242 BGB für solche Auskunftsansprüche keine hinreichende gesetzliche Grundlage. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit auch andere Auskunftsansprüche mit dem Vorbehalt des Gesetzes unvereinbar sind.
Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Authors: Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P. , Austin Andrew D.
Published: June 2020

The genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 is one of the most diverse of the Microgastrinae, a subfamily of wasps that are exclusively endoparasitic on lepidopteran larvae. Species of Cotesia are widely utilised as biological control agents across the world. In Australia, there are currently 10 confirmed native species as well as four species introduced for the management of lepidopteran pests. The genus is morphologically conserved and has not been studied in the Australasian region for many decades. In this study, we use both comparative morphology and sequence data from the COI gene to delineate species, and in so doing describe seven new species from Australia: C. lasallei sp. nov., C. medusae sp. nov., C. ocellata sp. nov., C. reidarum sp. nov., C. scripta sp. nov., C. tjapekki sp. nov. and C. wonboynensis sp. nov., raising the number of species of Cotesia formally recorded in Australia to 21. We also provide updated descriptions of the previously described native species, diagnoses for the introduced species and a key to all currently described species found on the continent and from Papua New Guinea. This study treats only a fraction of the likely diversity of Cotesia, but provides a solid framework for future work.