bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepções sobre ciência e fazer científico de estudantes de um curso normal e possíveis implicações nas atitudes futuras desses professores
Authors: Rodrigues Alvori Vidal , Müller Thaísa Jacintho , Lahm Regis Alexandre , Da Rocha Filho João Bernardes
Published: November 2019

Diante da relevância da ciência na pós-modernidade e de sua contribuição à humanidade, a concepção dos estudantes sobre a ciência e o fazer científico tornou-se objeto de estudo acadêmico. Esta investigação analisou as concepções sobre a ciência e o fazer científico em estudantes de um Curso Normal público do Sul do Brasil, futuros professores dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Lançou-se mão de uma metodologia qualitativa-compreensiva, de caráter interpretativo, a partir das respostas dos participantes a uma questão aberta e representação gráfica sobre ciência e cientistas, usando-se a Análise Fenomenológica Hermenêutica (AFH). Concluiu-se que, para estes participantes, a ciência é basicamente experimental e usa o método científico padrão, sendo praticada por homens com fraca vida social, movidos por um alto idealismo. No final do artigo são tecidos comentários sobre as implicações dessas concepções nas futuras práticas pedagógicas desses participantes.
Mapeamento da pesquisa no campo da experimentação no ensino de química no Brasil
Authors: De Souza Renata Faria , Cabral Patrícia Fernanda de Oliveira , Queiroz Salete Linhares
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho analisa a produção acadêmica expressa em dissertações e teses sobre a experimentação no ensino de química, defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação vinculados às áreas de Ensino, Educação e Química da CAPES, no período de 2004 a 2013. Foram investigadas 122 dissertações e 21 teses com base nos seguintes descritores: ano de defesa; grau de titulação acadêmica; região geográfica; instituição de origem; nível de escolaridade e foco temático. Os resultados evidenciam o significativo crescimento no número de pesquisas sobre o tema em questão. Os níveis de escolaridade mais investigados foram o ensino médio (68,5%) e superior (27,3%), ao passo que os focos temáticos privilegiados foram experimentação como estratégia didática (58,3%) e experimentação em materiais didáticos (20,2%). A experimentação vinculada à formação inicial e continuada de professores foi abordada de forma incipiente, 7,1% e 13,1% da produção, respectivamente, indicando que essa é uma importante lacuna a ser preenchida por estudos futuros.
La Experiencia de Ocio en Residentes de Complejos Habitacionales para Adultos Mayores de Bajos Recursos en Montevideo
Authors: Álvarez Ricardo Lema , Ureta Ximena
Published: November 2019

Las políticas dirigidas a las personas adultas mayores concentran sus esfuerzos en brindar soluciones a necesidades básicas como vivienda, salud o alimentación posponiendo muchas veces necesidades de tipo social y cultural. El presente artículo expone los principales hallazgos de una investigación realizada desde una perspectiva del desarrollo humano y de las experiencias de ocio que analiza las actividades de tiempo en personas adultas mayores. El enfoque metodológico considerado es el cuantitativo, para lo que se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 245 personas adultas mayores que residen en Complejos habitacionales de gestión pública, en la ciudad de Montevideo (Uruguay). Algunos de los objetivos del estudio fueron analizar las prácticas de ocio a partir de variables sociodemográficas, así como indagar en torno a la continuidad, ruptura o aumento en la realización de dichas prácticas e identificar las principales barreras de ocio que intervienen en sus prácticas. Entre los principales hallazgos del estudio se destaca el predominio en la práctica de actividades de ocio pasivo y de baja exigencia cognitiva, tales como: Ver Tv, Escuchar música y Oír radio. Si bien dentro de las actividades de ocio más mencionadas no se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, sí se observó una división sexual de ocio encontrándose actividades tradicionalmente femeninas (p.e. Cantar, Hacer manualidades) y masculinas (p.e. Hacer ejercicio, Bricolaje). Por último, las principales barreras de ocio que afectan a la población comprendida en este estudio están relacionadas con la salud (intrapersonal), la falta de compañía (interpersonal) y la economía (estructural).
Long-term total OH reactivity measurements in a boreal forest
Authors: Praplan Arnaud P. , Tykkä Toni , Chen Dean , Boy Michael , Taipale Ditte , Vakkari Ville , Zhou Putian , Petäjä Tuukka , Hellén Heidi
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements were conducted at the second Station for Measuring
Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II), a boreal forest site located in Hyytiälä, Finland, from April
to July 2016.
The measured values were compared with OH reactivity calculated from a combination of data from the
routine trace gas measurements (station mast) as well as online and offline analysis with a gas chromatographer
coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and offline liquid chromatography.
Up to 104 compounds, mostly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxidized VOCs, but also inorganic compounds,
were included in the analysis, even though the data availability for each compound varied with time.
The monthly averaged experimental total OH reactivity was found to be higher in April and May (ca. 20 s−1)
than in June and July (7.6 and 15.4 s−1, respectively). The measured values varied much more in spring with
high reactivity peaks in late afternoon, with values higher than in the summer, in particular when the soil was
thawing.
Total OH reactivity values generally followed the pattern of mixing ratios due to change of the boundary layer
height.
The missing reactivity fraction (defined as the difference between measured and calculated OH reactivity) was
found to be high. Several reasons that can explain the missing reactivity are discussed in detail such
as (1) missing measurements due to technical issues, (2) not measuring oxidation compounds of detected
biogenic VOCs, and (3) missing important reactive compounds or classes of compounds with the available measurements.
In order to test the second hypothesis, a one-dimensional chemical transport model (SOSAA) has been used to
estimate the amount of unmeasured oxidation products and their expected contribution to the reactivity
for three different short periods in April, May, and July. However, only a small fraction
(<4.5 %) of the missing reactivity can be explained by modelled secondary compounds (mostly oxidized VOCs).
These findings indicate that compounds measured but not included in the model as well as unmeasured primary
emissions contribute the missing reactivity. In the future, non-hydrocarbon compounds from sources other than
vegetation (e.g. soil) should be included in OH reactivity studies.
Quantifying the impact of synoptic circulation patterns on ozone variability in northern China from April to October 2013–2017
Authors: Liu Jingda , Wang Lili , Li Mingge , Liao Zhiheng , Sun Yang , Song Tao , Gao Wenkang , Wang Yonghong , Li Yan , Ji Dongsheng , Hu Bo , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Wang Yuesi , Kulmala Markku
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The characteristics of ozone variations and the impacts of synoptic and
local meteorological factors in northern China were quantitatively analyzed
during the warm season from 2013 to 2017 based on multi-city in situ ozone
and meteorological data as well as meteorological reanalysis. The
domain-averaged maximum daily 8 h running average O3 (MDA8 O3)
concentration was 122±11 µg m−3, with an increase rate of
7.88 µg m−3 yr−1, and the three most polluted months were
closely related to the variations in the synoptic circulation patterns,
which occurred in June (149 µg m−3), May (138 µg m−3)
and July (132 µg m−3). A total of 26 weather types (merged into five
weather categories) were objectively identified using the Lamb–Jenkinson
method. The highly polluted weather categories included the S–W–N directions
(geostrophic wind direction diverts from south to north), low-pressure-related weather types (LP) and cyclone type, which the study area controlled
by a low-pressure center (C), and the corresponding domain-averaged MDA8
O3 concentrations were 122, 126 and 128 µg m−3, respectively.
Based on the frequency and intensity changes of the synoptic circulation
patterns, 39.2 % of the interannual increase in the domain-averaged
O3 from 2013 to 2017 was attributed to synoptic changes, and the
intensity of the synoptic circulation patterns was the dominant factor.
Using synoptic classification and local meteorological factors, the
segmented synoptic-regression approach was established to evaluate and
forecast daily ozone variability on an urban scale. The results showed
that this method is practical in most cities, and the dominant factors are
the maximum temperature, southerly winds, relative humidity on the previous
day and on the same day, and total cloud cover. Overall, 41 %–63 % of the
day-to-day variability in the MDA8 O3 concentrations was due to local
meteorological variations in most cities over northern China, except for two
cities: QHD (Qinhuangdao) at 34 % and ZZ (Zhengzhou) at 20 %. Our
quantitative exploration of the influence of both synoptic and local
meteorological factors on interannual and day-to-day ozone variability will
provide a scientific basis for evaluating emission reduction measures that
have been implemented by the national and local governments to mitigate air
pollution in northern China.
On the correlation between ROTI and S4
Authors: Liu Yang , Radicella Sandro
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The correlation between Rate of TEC index (ROTI) and amplitude scintillation index S4 has been under focus for years, since both of the two are associated with ionospheric irregularities. Previous studies show that the behavior of the correlation between ROTI and S4 is not regular. To address this problem, in the present work the relation between S4, ROTI and the Differential Rate of TEC index (DROTI) has been investigated, assuming the single screening model for trans-ionospheric radio propagation. The influences of the effective velocity and elevation angle and their variability on the correlation between ROTI and S4 are analyzed. Data from two stations of Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) network are used for the study. Results show that the variability of effective velocity plays a crucial role on the correlation between the amplitude scintillation index and the TEC rate of change indices. Based on the Gaussian assumption of effective velocity distribution, a high correlation coefficient can be achieved only under low variability conditions.
Regulation of N2O emissions from acid organic soil drained for agriculture
Authors: Taghizadeh-Toosi Arezoo , Elsgaard Lars , Clough Tim J. , Labouriau Rodrigo , Ernstsen Vibeke , Petersen Søren O.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Organic soils drained for crop production or grazing land are agroecosystems
with potentially high but variable emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O).
The present study investigated the regulation of N2O emissions in a
raised bog area drained for agriculture, which is classified as potentially
acid sulfate soil. We hypothesised that pyrite (FeS2) oxidation was a
potential driver of N2O emissions through microbially mediated reduction
of nitrate (NO3-). Two sites with rotational grass, and two sites
with a potato crop, were equipped for monitoring of N2O emissions and
soil N2O concentrations at the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm depth during weekly
field campaigns in spring and autumn 2015. Further data acquisition included
temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, water table (WT) depth, and soil
NO3- and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations. At all sites,
the soil was acidic, with pH ranging from 4.7 to 5.4. Spring and autumn
monitoring periods together represented between 152 and 174 d, with
cumulative emissions of 4–5 kg N2O-N ha−1 at sites with rotational
grass and 20–50 kg N2O-N ha−1 at sites with a potato crop.
Equivalent soil gas-phase concentrations of N2O at grassland sites
varied between 0 and 25 µL L−1 except for a sampling after
slurry application at one of the sites in spring, with a maximum of 560 µL L−1 at the 1 m depth. At the two potato sites the levels of
below-ground N2O concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 2270 µL L−1 and from 0.1 to 470 µL L−1, in
accordance with the higher soil mineral N availability at arable sites.
Statistical analyses using graphical models showed that soil N2O
concentration in the capillary fringe (i.e. the soil volume above the water
table influenced by tension saturation) was the strongest predictor of
N2O emissions in spring and, for grassland sites, also in the autumn.
For potato sites in autumn, there was evidence that NO3-
availability in the topsoil and temperature were the main controls on
N2O emissions. Chemical analyses of intact soil cores from the 0 to 1 m depth,
collected at adjacent grassland and potato sites, showed that the total
reduction capacity of the peat soil (assessed by cerium(IV) reduction) was
much higher than that represented by FeS2, and the concentrations of
total reactive iron (TRFe) were higher than those of FeS2. Based on the
statistical graphical models and the tentative estimates of reduction
capacities, FeS2 oxidation was unlikely to be important for N2O
emissions. Instead, archaeal ammonia oxidation and either
chemodenitrification or nitrifier denitrification were considered to be
plausible pathways of N2O production in spring, whereas in the autumn
heterotrophic denitrification may have been more important at arable sites.
How large does a large ensemble need to be?
Authors: Milinski Sebastian , Maher Nicola , Olonscheck Dirk
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Initial-condition large ensembles with ensemble sizes ranging from 30 to 100 members have become a commonly used tool to quantify the forced response and internal variability in various components of the climate system. However, there is no consensus on the ideal or even sufficient ensemble size for a large ensemble. Here, we introduce an objective method to estimate the required ensemble size that can be applied to any given application and demonstrate its use on the examples of global mean surface temperature, local surface temperature and precipitation and variability in the ENSO region and central America. Where possible, we base our estimate of the required ensemble size on the pre-industrial control simulation, which is available for every model. First, we determine how much of an available ensemble size is interpretable without a substantial impact of resampling ensemble members. Then, we show that more ensemble members are needed to quantify variability than the forced response, with the largest ensemble sizes needed to detect changes in internal variability itself. Finally, we highlight that the required ensemble size depends on both the acceptable error to the user and the studied quantity.
THE METROLOGY AND THE BIM APPROACH: A NEW COGNITIVE PARADIGM ABOUT THE ANCIENT CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Fiamma P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, some important issues in the BIM field and research are still open, and are not deeply known and really understood yet by all the BIM users and approaches; unfortunately, this critical situation implies, often, incorrect approaches and ineffective applications, especially using BIM for existing historical building, where the object oriented approach has so many limitations. In fact, the current laser scanning technology can detect just a cloud of points that is considered "non-intelligent" according to the BIM method and meaning. The paper presents an important case study: the Cathedral of Piazza dei Miracoli (Miracles Square) in Pisa. The method we propose consists of an innovative procedure combining in a two-way manner the correspondence levels between metrology and ontology of the constructive components. The paper proves that is not important to obtain the best possible level of modeling performance. We need a specific BIM approach, for “a specific building”, according with “a specific project”. We believe that it is precisely in this capacity of matching between metrological and constructive knowledge (mediated by computer graphics technology) that it is possible to identify the response to an important programmatic indication in the BIM field: "how much BIM?". This sentence was explained by Charles Eastman (recognized worldwide as the father of BIM) during his "lectio magistralis" at the Master BIM of the University of Pisa (www.unibim.it). We guess this is the way to be free from any pre-established intervention standards, and so to be adapting to a specific construction for a specific intervention’s level using specific resources.
ANALYSIS ON 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MONUMENT TO HEROES AS A TOOL FOR A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE PATRIMONIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CULTURAL INTEREST GOODS
Authors: Rodriguez-Laiton M. I. , León-Vega H. A. , Upegui E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The following article describes the implementation of a methodology for the structural reconstruction of the Heroes monument and the statue on the north side of Simon Bolivar Ecuestre located between the intersection of the north highway and 80th Street in Bogota (Colombia) from the acquisition of SFM photogrammetry methods and images, using low-cost sensors for this process and making use of drones from the obtaining of frames of a video to for areas with lower altimetric reach, and thereby creating an analysis in their accuracy, sizing and quality within the framework of appropriation and documentation of the cultural assets in the public space of the city Bogotá taking this data as a starting point for future developments in the process of 3D reconstructions Colombia.
A FUSION-BASED WORKFLOW FOR TURNING SLAM POINT CLOUDS AND FISHEYE DATA INTO TEXTURE-ENHANCED 3D MODELS
Authors: Sammartano G. , Spanò A. , Teppati Losè L.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Mobile mapping systems are increasingly developing ad hoc solution and integrated approaches for rapid and accurate 3D digitization in different operating environments belonging to built heritage assets. The use of emerging compact, portable and low-cost solution for imaging and ranging well fits in the purposes of mapping complex indoor spaces especially for narrow and underground ones (tunnels, mines, caves and ancient spaces), that are very challenging contexts in which to experiment integrated technological solutions and tailored workflows. In these cases, the main key issues are generally the difficulty in the seamless positioning and the complete and successful metric-radiometric content association in metric surface, due to the reduced manoeuvring space and complex lighting conditions. The prevalent goals for which the 3D digitization could be conceived are, beyond the accurate metric documentation, the analysis of mutual relations of volumes in complex structures, the virtual reconstruction and navigation of spaces with reduced accessibility for dissemination aims. The new SLAM-based positioning solutions implemented in some recent portable systems for indoor/outdoor mapping are increasingly developing and favoured by geometric features extraction algorithms even in traveling through complex and irregular environments. In parallel, the possibility to exploit the advances in digital photogrammetry algorithms for image matching and dense reconstruction using action-cam, compact and fisheye cameras allows to deploy investigation solutions even in complex environments at first sight impossible to map by photogrammetric approach. Here within the F.I.N.E. benchmark in the site of the San Vigilio Castle (Bergamo) and the “nottole” tunnels, a fusion-based workflow is proposed. It is focused on the purposes of providing radiometrically enriched 3D data from the possibility to colourized ZEB point cloud and a textured mesh surfaces with an oriented image block, taking care of the time processing steps optimization.
AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE REBIRTH OF A HISTORICAL SQUARE
Authors: Scianna A. , Gaglio G. F. , La Guardia M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The case study, faced in this paper, arises in the context of Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH). Accessibility considered not only as the demolition of physical architectural barriers, but also as the possibility of fruition of CH through technological tools that can increase its perception and knowledge. Last achievements in photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology offered new methods of data acquisition in the field of CH, giving the possibility of monitoring and processing big data, in the form of point clouds. Ever in this field, reverse engineering techniques and computer graphics are even more used for involving visitors to discover CH, with navigation into 3D reconstructions, empowering the real visualization adding further 3D information through the Augmented Reality (AR). At the same time, recent advances on rapid prototyping technologies grant the automated 3D printing of scaled 3D model reconstructions of real CH elements allowing the tactile fruition of visitors that suffer from visual defects and the connection with 3D AR visualizations. The presented work shows how these technologies could revive an historical square, the Piazza Garraffo in Palermo (Italy), with the virtual insertion of its baroque fountain, originally placed there. The final products of this work are an indoor and an outdoor AR mobile application, that allow the visualization of the historical original asset of the square. This study case shows how the mixing of AR and the rapid prototyping technologies could be useful for the improvement of the fruition of CH. This work could be considered a multidisciplinary experimentation, where different technologies, today still in development, contribute to the same goal aimed at improving the accessibility of the monument for enhancing the fruition of CH.
SEMANTIC ENRICHMENT OF POINT CLOUD BY AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF 360° PANORAMAS
Authors: Tabkha A. , Hajji R. , Billen R. , Poux F.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The raw nature of point clouds is an important challenge for their direct exploitation in architecture, engineering and construction applications. Particularly, their lack of semantics hinders their utility for automatic workflows (Poux, 2019). In addition, the volume and the irregularity of the structure of point clouds makes it difficult to directly and automatically classify datasets efficiently, especially when compared to the state-of-the art 2D raster classification. Recently, with the advances in deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) , the performance of image-based classification of remote sensing scenes has improved considerably (Chen et al., 2018; Cheng et al., 2017). In this research, we examine a simple and innovative approach that represent large 3D point clouds through multiple 2D projections to leverage learning approaches based on 2D images. In other words, the approach in this study proposes an automatic process for extracting 360° panoramas, enhancing these to be able to leverage raster data to obtain domain-base semantic enrichment possibilities. Indeed, it is very important to obtain a rigorous characterization for use in the classification of a point cloud. Especially because there is a very large variety of 3D point cloud domain applications. In order to test the adequacy of the method and its potential for generalization, several tests were performed on different datasets. The developed semantic augmentation algorithm uses only the attributes X, Y, Z and camera positions as inputs.
FORMAP: A SIMPLE AND FAST PHOTOGRAMMETRY FRAMEWORK FOR DIRECT GEO-REFERENCING SYSTEMS
Authors: Truong Nguyen G. , Seube N.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This paper presents FORMap (Fast Ortho Mapping) a simple, automatic, fast and accurate commercial photogrammetry processing software for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery equiped with Direct Georeferencing (DG) technology. DG technique allows user to directly geo-reference the acquisition without the use of Ground Control Points (GCP) by providing image external orientation (EO) parameters in a mapping frame. However, it requires a sensor of relatively high quality to provide an accurate EO with each image shot, which is somehow limited by the light weight of UAV payloads. FORMap makes use of EO information delivered by DG as an a priori information to accelerate its photogrammetric processing. We present the functionalities and some application of FORMap in the field of UAV mapping. We evaluate its accuracy and its robustness on several datasets. Test result shows that FORMap is robust for 3D scene reconstruction despite of inaccuracies of DG input data. It is also faster than standard digital photogrammetry solution based on SfM (Structure from Motion) approach and can provide orthophotos and dense point cloud in quasi real-time.
A LOW COST UNDERWATER TEST ENVIRONMENT
Authors: van der Lucht J. , Bleier M. , Nüchter A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this paper we present the setup of a low cost underwater test environment. The employed materials and structures are described as well as the lessons learned during operations and experiments conducted in the water tank. We provide the bill of materials and a break-down of the costs involved in setting up the test site.The goal was to build a low cost test environment for underwater applications, because our lab is around 40 minutes by car from the nearest lake. Also a natural lake is not an optimal location for first test and experiments, because the access to the water is difficult and logistics of equipment is time consuming. This work aims to describe what experiences we have gained during the time of construction. Which materials we used and what we would do differently next time. Furthermore, we describe the idea and process to place calibration markers inside the container and how the water thwarted our plan. We show that it is possible to realize a useful test environment for underwater experiments for less than €20 000.
LOW-COST DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE, IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY EXPERIENCE OF THE HISTORIC CITY MODEL STADE 1620
Authors: Walmsley A. , Kersten T. P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. As virtual reality and 3D documentation and modelling technologies become increasingly powerful and affordable tools for architecture, planning, and cultural heritage preservation and communication, it has become increasingly important to develop low-cost methodologies for the creation of 3D immersive virtual environments and interactive experiences. Doing so makes this technology more viable for institutions such as museums and other cultural institutions, who often work within strict budgets. In this paper, we describe a workflow used to build an interactive, immersive virtual reality experience around a virtual city model of the town of Stade (Germany) in the year 1620. This virtual city model is based on a physical 3D model of the town, exhibited in the Stade town hall. The workflow begins with the digitization of this model using digital photogrammetry, followed by the subsequent low- and high-polygon modelling of the individual architectural assets in Autodesk Maya, texture mapping in Substance Painter and finally visualisation within Unreal Engine 4. The results of this workflow are a detailed 3D historical environment with a high degree of realism and in which interactivity can easily be added. In addition, the workflow takes a highly iterative approach that allows the performance of the virtual environments in the game engine to be monitored at each stage of the process, and that allows adjustments to be made quickly. To increase the potential of the virtual environment as a tool for education and communication, interactive elements and simple game mechanics are currently being integrated.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING OF A MULTI STOREY BUILDING USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER AND VISUALISATION USING POTREE: AN OPEN SOURCE POINT CLOUD RENDERER
Authors: Yeshwanth Kumar A. , Noufia M. A. , Shahira K. A. , Ramiya A. M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. With the rapid development in infrastructure, the need to document man-made structures is in increasing demand and inevitable. Such a process of digital documentation of buildings is called Building Information Modelling (BIM). Conventional techniques of BIM involve manual drafting & modelling using computer aided design, drafting & modelling software. Although these techniques are more accurate, given the increase in the size and complexity of modern structures, it would be tedious and time consuming for such manual work. It is in this context LiDAR shows great potential to simplify this task. Laser scanning enables rapid mapping of a building with a high degree of spatial accuracy. Since the spatial point sampling distance of any LiDAR scanner is usually in the order of centimetres or millimetres, this has potential not only to generate high density scans of the building but also to identify even the smallest defects in a structure. This facilitates using LiDAR to study the serviceability of a building. In this project, the feasibility of using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to scan a multi-storey building was investigated. Additionally, the reliability of Potree for visualising point cloud data was tested. Potree is an open-source WebGL based point cloud renderer. Potree enables us to render point clouds and visualise in a portable web application. This application is also capable of making measurements of high accuracy on the 3D model of the library. This could serve to be of great utility in surveying applications. The object of study was chosen as a six-storey building, each floor having differing layouts. Two of these storeys were below ground surface level which also proved to be a test for the reliability of TLS in challenging terrain. The building has a towering height and large footprint which made it a perfect candidate for this project. A total of 54 scans (44 interior scans and 10 exterior scans of the library) were acquired with each subsequent scan station not more than 10m apart from the previous one. This data was brought to the lab for further processing. The processing was carried out using open-source software packages (LAStools, CloudCompare, etc). After processing, the complete point cloud data had 483,292,994 points. In order to make the data easier to handle, spatial sub-sampling of the data was done after which the final point cloud had 87,789,548 points. Finally, this sub-sampled point cloud was published using the open source Potree Converter into an interactive web application.
FROM PERSPECTIVE DRAWING TO LOW COST PHOTOGRAMMETRY: APPLICATION IN ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES
Authors: Zammel M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nowadays digital tools are booming. The evolution of the technologies used in archeology and in architecture is such that we are going more and more towards low cost and time saving. Indeed, today we can use free softwares in photogrammetry in order to make 3D surveys of architectural buildings. Fifteen years ago it only required the use of the 3D laser scanner, a very expensive technique.As part of the course reform of the second year at the national school of architecture and urban planning Tunisia in the course of descriptive geometry and perspective drawing, an experiment was conducted in order to introduce low cost photogrammetry using the free software 123 D catch by autodesk, 3DF Zephyr or Scann 3D on the mobile phone. The objective of this course is to make students experiment different techniques of representation such as photogrammetry, perspective drawing, using a mobile phone , a digital camera or a pen. The object of the representation is the Tunisian cultural heritage such as the archeological site of Carthage.
DATA FUSION FOR DRAWING AND ANALYSIS OF AN ANCIENT ROMAN BOAT IN HERCULANEUM
Authors: Bosco A. , Canna E. , Carpentiero L. , D’Andrea A. , Forte F. , Minucci E. , Valentini R. , Zazzaro C.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Advanced and low-cost 3D technologies (Laser Scanner and Digital Photogrammetry) are nowadays widely used in several fields such as Cultural Heritage and Archaeology. In this paper a collaborative project between the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum, the CISA (Interdepartmental Services Centre for Archaeology) and the DAAM (Department of Asia, Africa and Mediterranean Studies) of the University “L’Orientale” of Naples is presented. Aim of the project was to find a solution to study the Roman boat discovered in the ancient city of Herculaneum and destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D., without altering its state of preservation. Different digital survey techniques were employed to compare different types of sensors. The goal was to obtain an accurate definition of the construction characteristics of the boat thanks to the data fusion.
Very severe storm tides in the German Bight (North Sea) and their potential for enhancement
Authors: Grabemann Iris , Gaslikova Lidia , Brodhagen Tabea , Rudolph Elisabeth
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Storm tides are an essential hazard for the German North Sea coasts. For coastal protection and economic activities, planning information on probability and magnitude of extreme storm tides and their possible future changes is important. This study focuses on the most extreme events and examines whether they could have become more severe under slightly different conditions still remaining within the physical plausibility. In the face of limited amount of observational data on very severe events, an extensive set of model data is used to extract most extreme storm tide events for locations in the German Bight, in particular Borkum and the Ems estuary. The data set includes water levels and respective atmospheric conditions from a hindcast and future climate realizations without sea level rise describing today's and possible future conditions. A number of very severe events with water levels exceeding those measured near Borkum since 1906 has been identified in the data set. A possible further amplification of the highest events is investigated by simulating these events for the North Sea with different phase lags between the astronomical tide given at the open model boundaries and the wind forcing. It was found that superposition of spring tide conditions, different timing of the astronomical high water and atmospheric conditions during the highest storm event would cause an enhancement of the highest water level up to about 50 cm. The amplified water levels of the two highest events from the data set are used to analyse the effects in the Ems estuary using a high-resolution model of the German Bight. Additionally, the influence of an extreme river runoff and of sea level rise is studied. The extreme river runoff of 1200 m3 s−1 increases the highest water levels by several decimeters in the narrow upstream part of the Ems estuary. This effect diminishes downstream. The sea level rise increases the water level in the downstream part of the Ems estuary by the amount applied at the model boundary to the North Sea. In the upstream part, its influence on the water level decreases. This study may serve as a first step towards an impact assessment for severe storm tides and their implications for coastal areas and activities.
An integrated hydrological and hydraulic modelling approach for the flood risk assessment over Po river basin
Authors: Nogherotto Rita , Fantini Adriano , Raffaele Francesca , Di Sante Fabio , Dottori Francesco , Coppola Erika , Giorgi Filippo
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Identification of flood prone areas is instrumental for a large number of applications, ranging from engineering to climate change studies, and provides essential information for planning effective emergency responses. In this work we describe an integrated hydrological and hydraulic modeling approach for the assessment of flood-prone areas in Italy and we present the first results obtained over the Po river (Northern Italy) at a resolution of 90 m. River discharges are obtained through the hydrological model CHyM driven by GRIPHO, a newly-developed high resolution hourly precipitation dataset. Runoff data is then used to obtain Synthetic Design Hydrographs (SDHs) for different return periods along the river network. Flood hydrographs are subsequently processed by a parallelized version of the CA2D hydraulic model to calculate the flow over an ad hoc re-shaped HydroSHEDS digital elevation model which includes information about the channel geometry. Modeled hydrographs and SDHs are compared with those obtained from observed data for a choice of gauging stations, showing an overall good performance of the CHyM model. The flood hazard maps for return periods of 50, 100, 500 are validated by comparison with the official flood hazard maps produced by the River Po Authority (Adbpo) and with the Joint Research Centre's (JRC) pan-European maps. The results show a good agreement with the available official national flood maps for high return periods. For lower return periods the results and less satisfactory but overall the application suggests strong potential of the proposed approach for future applications.
Effect of Caribbean Water incursion into the Gulf of Mexico derived from absolute dynamic topography, satellite data, and remotely sensed chlorophyll a
Authors: Delgado Juan Antonio , Sudre Joël , Tanahara Sorayda , Montes Ivonne , Hernández-Ayón José Martín , Zirino Alberto
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The dynamics of the Loop Current (LC) and the detached Loop Current eddies
(LCEs) dominate the surface circulation of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and
transport Caribbean Water (CW) into the gulf. In this work, 25 years
(1993–2017) of daily satellite data are used to investigate the variability
of these physical processes and their effect on chlorophyll a (Chl a)
concentrations from 1998 to 2017, including temporal changes, mean differences,
and regional concentration tendencies. The physical variables analyzed are
absolute dynamic topography (ADT) and oceanic currents. From the ADT and
oceanic current monthly climatologies, it is shown that there is an annual
intrusion of CW with an inward incursion that starts in spring, peaks in
the summer, reaches to 28∘ N and 90.45∘ W, and then
retreats in winter to approximately 26.5 ∘ N and 88.3 ∘ W. Minimum surface Chl a concentrations (< 0.08 mg m−3)
are found during the summer–autumn period inside the region of maximum
incursion of CW; the opposite is observed during the winter period when
Chl a concentrations were at a maximum, e.g., > 0.14 mg m−3. The
3-year running averages of the ADT 40 cm isoline qualitatively reproduce
the climatological pattern of 25 years showing that before 2002 CW was
less intrusive. This suggests that from 2003 onward, larger volumes of
oligotrophic waters from the Caribbean Sea have invaded the western GoM and
reduced mean surface Chl a concentrations. A direct comparison between the
1998–2002 and 2009–2014 periods indicates that in the latter time interval,
the Chl a concentration above waters deeper than 250 m has decreased
significantly.
Fluctuación poblacional de moscas de las frutas (Díptera: Tephritidae) en Nicaragua, basado en el sistema de vigilancia fitosanitaria, 2017
Authors: Saldaña Reyes Josué Danilo , Morán Centeno Juan Carlos , Varela Ochoa Gregorio
Published: November 2019

El complejo de moscas de las frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) representa uno de los principales problemas fi tosanitarios a la producción frutícola de Nicaragua. Se efectuó el presente estudio con la fi nalidad de conocer la fl uctuación del complejo de moscas de las frutas en Nicaragua, basado en el sistema de vigilancia fi tosanitaria, en el periodo 2017, en un total de 17 rutas de trampeo a nivel nacional correspondiente a igual número de departamentos. Las trampas recibieron inspecciones y mantenimiento cada 15 días por especialistas del Instituto de Protección y Sanidad Agropecuaria (IPSA). Los datos se sometieron a análisis de estadística descriptivos. Las variables se analizaron, previa transformación ( x + 0.5 ), mediante un análisis de la varianza (ANDEVA) de medidas repetidas. Para observar las diferencias entre las medidas pareadas se realizó un test de rangos múltiples de Tukey. Se evaluó número de adultos capturados, número de machos y hembras capturadas. El complejo de moscas de las frutas en Nicaragua está conformado por 10 especies, principalmente de los géneros Anastrepha (Nueve especies) y Ceratitis, las cuales están presente en todo el país, dándose las mayores capturas de hembras adultas. La fl uctuación poblacional es variable en los departamentos del país, siendo los departamentos de Carazo, Jinotega y Nueva Segovia donde se reportaron las mayores cantidades de especímenes adultos, en los meses de abril, marzo y octubre. Las especies con mayor predominancia fue Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina, y Ceratitis capitata, en todas las rutas de muestreo en los diferentes meses del año y periodo evaluado.
Determinación de variables fenotípicas, sus interrelaciones y componentes principales en hembras de un hato ovino
Authors: Hernández Baca Marlon , Centeno Martínez Guadalupe
Published: November 2019

El hato ovino presente en el país, por encontrarse mayormente en economías rurales de bajos ingresos, no ha tenido la importancia apropiada para el desarrollo de estudios que permitan realizar una adecuada caracterización del mismo. El presente estudio, pretende dar un paso adelante en ese sentido al tener como objetivo la valoración faneróptica y la determinación de variables morfométricas, sus interrelaciones y componentes principales (ACP) de la explicación de la varianza. Se evaluaron un total de 31 hembras por muestreo aleatorio, pertenecientes a un hato de 100 individuos de la fi nca Santa Rosa, en la comunidad de Sabana Grande, departamento de Managua. Se determinaron 14 medidas morfológicas, siete caracteres fanerópticos, y se estimaron nueve índices zoométricos, de los cuales cinco fueron etnológicos: Cefálico (IC), dáctilo torácico (IDT), corporal (ICo), proporcionalidad (IPRO), pelviano (IPE); y cuatro de capacidad productiva: Profundidad relativa del tórax (IPRT), pelviano transversal (IPET), pelviano longitudinal (IPEL), y espesor relativo de la caña (IERC). Por estadística descriptiva se determinó que un 46.67% de las variables morfológicas presento una variabilidad media, un 33.33% una variabilidad baja y un 20% una variabilidad alta, la menor variabilidad fue para (ALC) con un CV de 3.65% y la de mayor variación correspondió (LG) con un CV de 16.76%, refl ejando que los individuos no presentan una alta variabilidad morfoestructural. La mayor parte de las correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas resultaron positivas, con excepción de largo de la grupa (LG) que se correlaciono negativamente con (PV) y (AP), y el perímetro de la caña (PC) que se correlaciono negativamente con todas las variables estudiadas. La mayoría de las correlaciones resultaron signifi cativas, con excepción de la correlación entre (AP) y (AC), y (LG) con (PC) cuyas correlaciones no resultaron significativas respecto a todas las demás variables. En base a los índices zoométricos estas ovejas pueden definirse como, dolicocéfalas, hipermétricas, brevilíneas, mediolíneas y convexilíneas, por otro lado los índices de proporcionalidad (IPRO), profundidad relativa del tórax (IPRT) y el pelviano transversal (IPET), revelaron que los animales del hato no presentan un formato con clara definición a la actitud cárnica y en relación a la faneróptica, se trata de ovejas con capa de color café y negras, mucosas negras, pezuñas oscuras, ubres pigmentadas, grupas rectas, perfiles ligeramente convexos y orejas horizontales hacia los lados. Con el análisis multivariado de ACP, se determinó que las variables funcionales más destacadas son LC, AC, PV, LG, PT y DE, las que se pueden tener en cuenta para procesos de selección del hato actual.
Application and Exploration of BOPPPS Model in Oral Chinese Teaching as a Foreign Language
Authors: Cui Hongmei
Published: November 2019

In recent years, with the continuous development of the society, the boom of global Chinese learning has flourished. The teaching and research of Chinese as a foreign language has received much attention. In order to explore the effective teaching methods in oral Chinese, to stimulate foreign students’ love of learning Chinese, and to increase their interest and motivation in learning Chinese, a new teaching model-BOPPPS teaching model emerges and is widely welcomed by the students. The author explores how to apply the BOPPPS model in teaching of oral Chinese as a foreign language, providing a new teaching method in oral Chinese teaching. The study finds that the BOPPPS model can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the oral Chinese teaching, mobilize international students’ enthusiasm for learning Chinese and improve their academic performance, make teachers more clear about the teaching purpose and requirements, and help the students be more clear about the learning goals.
The Effect of Social-Emotional Competence on Children Academic Achievement and Behavioral Development
Authors: Alzahrani Mona , Alharbi Manal , Alodwani Amani
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we explore the importance of the social-emotional competence on children’s growth. To develop children social-emotional competence, an interaction between adults and children is critically needed. Teachers have the responsibility to enhance children’s development in many aspects, including social, emotional, cognitive, academic, and behavioral skills. A positive relationship between teachers and young students helps those students to have better school achievement and behavioral skills. We review several studies that show the influence that social and emotional competence has on children’s learning outcomes and on their ability to engage in good behaviors. We also provide several strategies that help teachers to build strong and healthy relationships with children. These strategies foster children’s academic and behavioral success. We define social and emotional learning in relation to school successes to show that competence in these areas increases students’ reading, writing, critical thinking, and vocabulary skills. Emotional regulations can also enhance school achievement, both in the present and in the future. Additionally, we provide strategies that teachers can use to foster positive behavioral skills.
Indicators of Authentic Leadership for Teachers in the General Education Session of Buddhist Scripture Schools
Authors: Moonsarn Chatchai , Sanrattana Wirot , Suwannoi Paisan
Published: November 2019

This research aims to test the fitness of theoretical model of authentic leadership with the empirical data, and investigate the factor loading. The descriptive research methodology was conducted. The data were collected from the 660 samples who are the teachers in the General Education Session of the Buddhist Scripture Schools in Thailand. The data was analyzed using a computer program. The results of the research confirmed the hypotheses of the research which are: the theoretical model is relevant to the empirical data, and the value of Relative Chi-Square (CMIN/DF), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and (6) Normed Fit Index (NFI) is in accordance with the criteria and 2) the lowest value of factor loading of the major factors is 0.94 which is 0.70 higher than the criteria, the Lowest value of factor loading of the minor factors is 0.58, and the lowest value of the factor loading of the indicators is 0.31 which is 0.30 higher than the criteria. It shows that the theoretical models of Authentic Leadership represents the relationship of the four major factors, 12 minor factors and 71 indicators which can be used for guiding the development of teachers in the General Education Session of the Buddhist Scripture Schools, in construct validity way which has supported by the results of this study.