bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of the Ochratoxin A Degradation Product 2′R-Ochratoxin A in Coffee and Other Food: An Update
Authors: Sueck Franziska , Hemp Vanessa , Specht Jonas , Torres Olga , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans-Ulrich
Published: June 2019

Food raw materials can contain the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Thermal processing of these materials may result in decreased OTA levels but also in the formation of the thermal isomerization product 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA). So far, only 2′R-OTA levels reported from 15 coffee samples in 2008 are known, which is little when compared to the importance of coffee as a food and trading good. Herein, we present results from a set of model experiments studying the effect of temperatures between 120 °C and 270 °C on the isomerization of OTA to 2′R-OTA. It is shown that isomerization of OTA starts at temperatures as low as 120 °C. At 210 °C and above, the formation of 25% 2′R-OTA is observed in less than one minute. Furthermore, 51 coffee samples from France, Germany, and Guatemala were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for the presence of OTA and 2′R-OTA. OTA was quantified in 96% of the samples, while 2′R-OTA was quantifiable in 35% of the samples. The highest OTA and 2′R-OTA levels of 28.4 µg/kg and 3.9 µg/kg, respectively, were detected in coffee from Guatemala. The OTA:2′R-OTA ratio in the samples ranged between 2.5:1 and 10:1 and was on average 5.5:1. Besides coffee, 2′R-OTA was also for the first time detected in a bread sample and malt coffee powder.
Purple: A Computational Workflow for Strategic Selection of Peptides for Viral Diagnostics Using MS-Based Targeted Proteomics
Authors: Lechner Johanna , Hartkopf Felix , Hiort Pauline , Nitsche Andreas , Grossegesse Marica , Doellinger Joerg , Renard Bernhard Y. , Muth Thilo
Published: June 2019

Emerging virus diseases present a global threat to public health. To detect viral pathogens in time-critical scenarios, accurate and fast diagnostic assays are required. Such assays can now be established using mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics, by which viral proteins can be rapidly detected from complex samples down to the strain-level with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Developing such targeted assays involves tedious steps of peptide candidate selection, peptide synthesis, and assay optimization. Peptide selection requires extensive preprocessing by comparing candidate peptides against a large search space of background proteins. Here we present Purple (Picking unique relevant peptides for viral experiments), a software tool for selecting target-specific peptide candidates directly from given proteome sequence data. It comes with an intuitive graphical user interface, various parameter options and a threshold-based filtering strategy for homologous sequences. Purple enables peptide candidate selection across various taxonomic levels and filtering against backgrounds of varying complexity. Its functionality is demonstrated using data from different virus species and strains. Our software enables to build taxon-specific targeted assays and paves the way to time-efficient and robust viral diagnostics using targeted proteomics.
Capsid Integrity qPCR—An Azo-Dye Based and Culture-Independent Approach to Estimate Adenovirus Infectivity after Disinfection and in the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Leifels Mats , Shoults David , Wiedemeyer Alyssa , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Sozzi Emanuele , Hagemeier Angela , Jurzik Lars
Published: June 2019

Recreational, reclaimed and drinking source waters worldwide are under increasing anthropogenic pressure, and often contain waterborne enteric bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens originating from non-point source fecal contamination. Recently, the capsid integrity (ci)-qPCR, utilizing the azo-dyes propidium monoazide (PMA) or ethidium monoazide (EMA), has been shown to reduce false-positive signals under laboratory conditions as well as in food safety applications, thus improving the qPCR estimation of virions of public health significance. The compatibility of two widely used human adenovirus (HAdV) qPCR protocols was evaluated with the addition of a PMA/EMA pretreatment using a range of spiked and environmental samples. Stock suspensions of HAdV were inactivated using heat, UV, and chlorine before being quantified by cell culture, qPCR, and ci-qPCR. Apparent inactivation of virions was detected for heat and chlorine treated HAdV while there was no significant difference between ci-qPCR and qPCR protocols after disinfection by UV. In a follow-up comparative analysis under more complex matrix conditions, 51 surface and 24 wastewater samples pre/post UV treatment were assessed for enteric waterborne HAdV to evaluate the ability of ci-qPCR to reduce the number of false-positive results when compared to conventional qPCR and cell culture. Azo-dye pretreatment of non-UV inactivated samples was shown to improve the ability of molecular HAdV quantification by reducing signals from virions with an accessible genome, thereby increasing the relevance of qPCR results for public health purposes, particularly suited to resource-limited low and middle-income settings.
Vulnerability of Transport Networks to Multi-Scenario Flooding and Optimum Location of Emergency Management Centers
Authors: Pérez-Morales Alfredo , Gomariz-Castillo Francisco , Pardo-Zaragoza Pablo
Published: June 2019

Floods are the climatic factors that cause more significant impacts on transportation infrastructures. This circumstance could get worse, taking into account climate change effects. The literature points out different adaptation measures to minimize the possible increasing effects caused by climate change. Among them is the improvement of the vulnerability of a transport network and Emergency Management Systems. The effective management of emergencies is of vital importance to minimize the potential damage resulting from a catastrophe. Given such circumstances, analysis of the vulnerability of networks is a technique whose results highlight deficiencies and serve as support for future decisions concerning the transformation of the network or the installation of new emergency centers. The main objective of this research is to highlight the vulnerability of the road network in a variety of multi-contingency scenarios related to flooding and to identify the optimal location for a new emergency management center based on that analysis. The results obtained could be used in urban planning tasks to improve the resilience of urban areas in the face of an increase in flood episodes caused by climate change.
A Comparative Study of Water and Bromide Transport in a Bare Loam Soil Using Lysimeters and Field Plots
Authors: Isch Arnaud , Montenach Denis , Hammel Frederic , Ackerer Philippe , Coquet Yves
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this methodological study was to test whether similar soil hydraulic and solute transport properties could be estimated from field plots and lysimeter measurements. The transport of water and bromide (as an inert conservative solute tracer) in three bare field plots and in six bare soil lysimeters were compared. Daily readings of matric head and volumetric water content in the lysimeters showed a profile that was increasingly humid with depth. The hydrodynamic parameters optimized with HYDRUS-1D provided an accurate description of the experimental data for both the field plots and the lysimeters. However, bromide transport in the lysimeters was influenced by preferential transport, which required the use of the mobile/immobile water (MIM) model to suitably describe the experimental data. Water and solute transport observed in the field plots was not accurately described when using parameters optimized with lysimeter data (cross-simulation), and vice versa. The soil’s return to atmospheric pressure at the bottom of the lysimeter and differences in tillage practices between the two set-ups had a strong impact on soil water dynamics. The preferential flow of bromide observed in the lysimeters prevented an accurate simulation of solute transport in field plots using the mean optimized parameters on lysimeters and vice versa.
Toward a Priori Evaluation of Relative Worth of Head and Conductivity Data as Functions of Data Densities in Inverse Groundwater Modeling
Authors: Sun Nuan , Fang Kuai , Shen Chaopeng
Published: June 2019

Groundwater hydraulic head (H) measurements and point-estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K) both contain information about the K field. There is no simple, a priori estimate of the relative worth of H and K data. Thus, there is a gap in our conceptual understanding of the value of the K inversion procedure. Here, using synthetic calibration experiments, we quantified the worth of H and K data in terms of reducing calibrated K errors. We found that normalized K error e K could be approximated by a polynomial function with first-order terms of H and K data densities μ H and μ K , which have been normalized by the correlation lengths of the K field, and a mutually inhibitive interaction term. This equation can be applied to obtain a rough estimate of the uncertainty prior to the inversion for a case with a similar configuration. The formulation suggests that the inversion is valuable even without K data. The relative worths of H and K depend heavily on existing data densities and heterogeneity. K can be ten times more informative when it is sparse. Noise perturbation experiments show that we should incorporate noisy K data when K is sparse, but not a large amount of low-quality K estimates. Our conclusions establish a crude, baseline estimate of the value of calibration. A similar assessment method for information content can be employed for more complex problems.
Effects of Short-Term Uncertainties on the Revenue Estimation of PPP Sewage Treatment Projects
Authors: Liu Qian , Liao Zaiyi , Guo Qi , Degefu Dagmawi Mulugeta , Wang Song , Jian Feihong
Published: June 2019

Many sewage treatment facilities in China have been developed and operated using the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) model. However, a big challenge faced by these PPP projects is that the subsidy requested from the government during the operation is normally higher than what was estimated originally, thus often exceeding the budget that the government can afford. This leads to a high risk of project failure or insufficient operation. This problem is largely caused by the uncertainties exhibited in the existing models, such as the Black-Scholes (BS) model. While being used in the budget estimation, these models cannot sufficiently account for the short-term uncertainty that may be incurred during the operation of projects. In this study, a method to account for this short-term uncertainty has been proposed to improve the BS model. This allows for investigations to address issues related to how the real option value of a government subsidy is affected. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to take into account the noise in the estimation. A sensitivity analysis further revealed that this discrepancy is largely affected by the values of the relevant parameters in the short-term uncertainty model. We found that the short-term uncertainty has a significant effect on private revenue and government subsidy and that the changes of the latter are more sensitive to the change of short-term uncertainty. The value of the relevant variables of short-term uncertainty determined the fluctuation of the revenue. The mean value and revenue had a positive correlation. The reverting speed and revenue showed a negative correlation. The short-term volatility had a positive correlation toward the fluctuation range of the revenue. The simulation results indicate that this enhanced method can produce more accurate information for a better assessment of the PPP project under a wide range of uncertainty scenarios, allowing for the best decision making by the government.
Discharge Coefficient of a Round-Crested Weir
Authors: Gong Jing , Deng Jun , Wei Wangru
Published: June 2019

A model experimental study was conducted for the discharge capability of different shapes of the crest of a weir. The flow rate and the head over the weir measured by laboratory experiments were used as two parameters for characterizing the head discharge relationship. Experiments indicated that the head discharge relationship for different radii located upstream and downstream of the crest of the weir had different features. A series of detailed experiments investigated the effects of different upstream rounding radii on the discharge capability when the downstream rounding radius was constant and the round ratio between the radius of the rounded upstream corner to the weir breath in the direction of flow was equal to 1.00. Experimental results showed that the rounded upstream corner could increase the discharge capability. The discharge capability increased as the upstream round ratio became larger and did not change when the round ratio varied from 0.10 to 0.30 and from 0.75 to 1.00 in this experiment. Based on the experimental data distribution, the empirical formula for the discharge coefficient was fitted with the round ratio as the group parameter.
Intense Chemical Weathering at Glacial Meltwater-Dominated Hailuogou Basin in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Xiangying , Ding Yongjian , Liu Qiao , Zhang Yong , Han Tianding , Jing Zhefan , Yu Zhongbo , Li Qijiang , Liu Sha
Published: June 2019

Climate warming has caused rapid shrinkage of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but the impact of glacier retreat on the chemical denudation rate remains largely unknown at the temperate glacial basins. The chemical weathering processes were examined at a temperate glacial basin (HLG) in the southeastern TP based on comprehensive data from the supraglacial meltwater, proglacial river water, precipitation and groundwater over two glacier melt seasons in 2008 and 2013. The concentrations of major ions and suspended sediments in river water exhibit a pronounced seasonality and display a close relationship with river discharge, suggesting a strong hydrological control on the chemical and physical weathering processes. Runoff chemistry is dominated by carbonate weathering and sulfide oxidation. HCO3−, Ca2+, and/or SO42− are the dominant ions in meltwater, river water, precipitation and groundwater. For river water, HCO3− and Ca2+ primarily come from calcite weathering, and SO42− is mainly derived from pyrite oxidation. Both solute and sediment fluxes are positively related to river discharge (r = 0.69, p < 0.01 for sediments). The solute flux and yields are 18,095–19,435 t·year−1 and 225–241 t·km−2·year−1, and the sediment load and yields are 126,390 t·year−1 and 1570 t·km−2·year−1, respectively. The solute yields, cationic denudation rate (CDR; 2850–3108 Σ*meq+ m−2·year−1) and chemical weathering intensity (CWI; 616–711 Σ*meq+ m−3·year−1) at HLG are higher than those at most basins irrespective of the lithology, suggesting more intense weathering in the TP in comparison to other glacial basins worldwide.
Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear
Authors: Fecarotta Oreste , Martino Riccardo , Morani Maria Cristina
Published: June 2019

With reference to a classical wet tank equipped with a wastewater submersible pump, in this research, an advanced numerical model has been used in order to obtain the optimal pump scheduling of on/off operation and variable pump speed. Then, in order to evaluate the time decay of pump performances, the mechanical wear has been artificially simulated and the performance curves have been experimentally obtained for different rotational speeds. Finally, the benefits, as well as the feasibility, of pump scheduling have been evaluated for differing operating conditions. According to the results, the optimal pump scheduling achieves large energy savings up to 43%, for soft mechanical wear. If the mechanical wear is considered, the energy savings are large as well, between 35.60% and 26.70%, for medium and hard mechanical wear, respectively. On the other hand, the limitation of such a strategy has been highlighted: the feasibility of pump scheduling is limited by the elevation of the downstream tank. According to the results, energy savings can be achieved until the elevation of the downstream tank is 67% of the pressure head at the best efficiency point, whereas such percentage decreases to 50% for hard mechanical wear. Finally, the results show that plant efficiency is strongly affected by the mechanical wear: an accurate maintenance of the pumping system is therefore recommended in order to attenuate the time decay of pump performances.
Spatial Statistical Assessment of Groundwater PCE (Tetrachloroethylene) Diffuse Contamination in Urban Areas
Authors: Pollicino Licia C. , Masetti Marco , Stevenazzi Stefania , Colombo Loris , Alberti Luca
Published: June 2019

Contamination by chlorinated solvents is typically associated with point sources, which are able to release high concentrations and to generate well defined plumes. Nevertheless, in urban settings (especially in functional urban areas—FUAs), multiple-point sources are frequently present, consisting of a series of unidentifiable small sources clustered within large areas, generating a diffuse, anthropogenic contamination. This situation results in the coexistence of single plumes with higher contaminant concentrations, and larger areas where the concentration is lower but still higher than the maximum admissible concentration limits. This paper proposes a methodology devised to cope with the diffuse contamination by chlorinated solvents within shallow aquifers due to multiple-point sources in FUAs. The approach is based on a Bayesian model that helps to spatially evaluate the likelihood of having active multiple-point sources, and to relate their impact on the shallow aquifer to the hydrogeological features of the area. Moreover, the approach allows testing of the efficiency of the monitoring network to properly characterize the contamination in the aquifer. The consistency of the results of the analysis was also checked for the Milan FUA (Italy) by a comparison to a previous study, performed through an inverse numerical modelling approach within a Monte Carlo statistical framework to identify the areas with the highest likelihood to host potential multiple-point sources.
Groundwater Recharge Decrease Replacing Pasture by Eucalyptus Plantation
Authors: Mattos Tiago Souza , Oliveira Paulo Tarso Sanches de , Lucas Murilo Cesar , Wendland Edson
Published: June 2019

An important unsolved question in hydrology science is the consequence of the Eucalyptus afforestation on groundwater recharge. Here, we assessed recharge estimates before and after converting pasture cover to Eucalyptus plantation. Groundwater levels, recharge, rainfall (P) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) were evaluated from 2004 through 2016 over an outcrop area of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) in the southeastern Brazil. Recharge was estimated using the water-table fluctuation method. We observed a decrease of 100 mm/year in groundwater levels after land use changed from pasture to Eucalyptus. The average recharge decreased from 407 mm/year (27% of mean P) to 194 mm/year (13% of mean P) after land use change over the study area. We found a recharge decrease of 19% in 2012 and 58% in 2013 under similar annual rainfall in comparison with the long-term mean recharge (from 2004 to 2016). Our results indicated that the high values of ET observed in Eucalyptus plantation decreases water availability for recharge. Therefore, our findings are important to agencies for decision-making in water resources regarding the management of land cover and land use.
Análise do potencial agroturístico de um distrito municipal de Itacoatiara (AM)
Authors: Pacheco Marcelo Veras
Published: June 2019

Enquanto alguns autores o mostram como um fenômeno econômico não tão recente, outros apontam o turismo rural como um autêntico modelo brasileiro de atividade turística. E quando o delimitamos ao contexto amazônico, a intimidade com o meio natural é ainda mais visível. O presente trabalho visa uma análise do potencial do distrito de Novo Remanso para este segmento. Situado a oeste da cidade de Itacoatiara, a localidade tem ganhado visibilidade com a produção e comercialização do seu principal produto, o abacaxi, que abastece não só a capital, mas supre a demanda de todo o estado, e ainda é tema da festa anual que é promovida todos os anos em seu núcleo urbano, além de outros eventos culturais não menos atrativos. Como metodologia aplicada destaca-se as pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas ao distrito, registros fotográficos, etc.

Analisys of an agrotouristic potential a municipal district from Itacoatiara (AM, Brazil)

ABSTRACT

while some authors the show as an economic phenomenon as recent, others point the rural tourism as an authentic Brazilian model of tourist activity. And when the context Amazon able to pinpoint, intimacy with the natural environment is even more visible. The present work aims at an analysis of the potential of New Pools for this segment. Situated to the West of the town of Itacoatiara, the locale has gained visibility with the production and marketing of its flagship product, the pineapple, which supplies not only the capital, but supplies the demand across the State, and yet it's annual party theme is promoted every year in its urban core, as well as other cultural events not less attractive. How methodology applied stands out the bibliographical research, visits to the district, photographic records, etc.

KEYWORDS: Analysis; Rural tourism; Novo Remanso.
Percepções e experiências do usuário no Parque Municipal de Belo Horizonte: estrutura, uso e manutenção.
Authors: Carvalho Ítalo Brener , Gosling Marlusa de Sevilha
Published: June 2019

CConhecer os valores experiência dos em áreas verdes de lazer urbano implica em uma análise do espaço geográfico onde esta prática se realiza. A observação das práticas urbanas da população se distingue no espaço-tempo (CERTEAU, 1994) no vivido e no percebido: conceitos apresentados por Lefebvre (1991). Com base na relação existente entre espaço-tempo e vivido-percebido, 30 coletas, por meio de observação participante, foram realizadas no Parque Municipal da cidade de Belo Horizonte. De forma exploratória o objetivo deste artigo é conhecer o cotidiano vivido e as experiências dos usuários neste espaço gratuito de lazer que podem ser observadas para o meio de relatos de percepção e da experiência vivenciada pelo visitante de um parque verde urbano. Os resultados confirmam (i) a contemporaneidade do pensamento da identidade no espaço (FOUCAULT, 1977), (ii) confirmam que as práticas espaciais influenciam as representações, (iii) a organização do espaço urbano (BOURDIEU, 1996) e (iv) as práticas urbanas no espaço e no tempo (BACHELARD, 1929). Este estudo contribui para evidenciar as avaliações positivas e ou negativas dos usuários perpassam por três parâmetros: Estrutura, Usos e Manutenção.

Perceptions and user experiences in the Municipal Park of Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil): structure, use and maintenance

AABSTRACT

In order to knowing the values experienced on green áreas of urban leisure implies to analysis of the geographical-spatial since where this practice takes place. The observation of those population practices, it is distinguished in the space-time (Certeau, 1994); in the lived and the perceived: concepts presented by Lefebvre (1991). Based on the relationship between space-time and lived-perceived, 30 collections, through participant observation, were carried out in the Municipal Park of the city of Belo Horizonte. In an exploratory way, the objective of this article is to know the daily life and the experiences of the users in this free space of leisure. Oserved to the means of reports of perception and the experience lived by the visitor of an urban green park. The results confirm (i) the contemporaneousness of identity thinking in space (Foucault, 1977), (ii) confirm that spatial practices influence representations, (iii) urban space organization (BOURDIEU, 1996) and (iv) urban practices in space and time (BACHELARD, 1929). This study contributions take place on how it can evidence the positive and negative evaluations of users mesured by three parameters: Structure, Uses and Maintenance.

KEYWORDS: Public Leisure Space; Perceptions; Experiences; Structure; Use; Maintenance.
Protocolo de inventário e avaliação de Lugares de Interesse Pedológico (LIPe) para um “Pedoturismo”
Authors: Fonseca Filho Ricardo Eustáquio , Varajão Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: June 2019

O solo é parte essencial para a vida na Terra. As Geociências, em especial a Pedologia, têm um papel fundamental no balanceamento desta relação biótica-abiótica. Neste sentido propõe-se o pedoturismo como segmento turístico por meio da inventariação e avaliação de “Lugares de Interesse Pedológico” (LIPe) como produtos eco- e geoturísticos. Os métodos utilizados abordaram revisão de literatura; elaboração de ficha de inventário quali-quantitativa para aplicação em campo; inserção dos dados de LIPe na base de dados online do Geossit, Terra Mineira e afins; quantificação pedoturística; cálculo do potencial pedoturístico. O resultado se apresenta na forma de um novo segmento turístico, o pedoturismo, e uma base metodológica teórica para conceituação, descrição e quantificação de geossítios de interesse pedológico (pedossítios) cujo conjunto constitui a pedodiversidade e contribuindo para a pedoconservação do patrimônio pedológico em unidades de conservação, geoparques e outras áreas protegidas.
Síntese histórica e socioambiental do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas (MA)
Authors: Silva Maria Lindalva Alves da , Araujo Maria de Fátima Veras , Da Conceição Gonçalo Mendes
Published: June 2019

O processo de criação da Unidade de Conservação surgiu em decorrência de uma demanda socioambiental, na qual a população temia a construção de duas pequenas hidrelétricas nas cachoeiras que ficam no interior da região, onde atualmente se criou o Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar um breve histórico do surgimento socioambiental do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, desde os primeiros indicativos pelos técnicos do Projeto RADAMBRASIL, até os movimentos com entidades ambientais, que lutaram em prol da proposta de sua criação. O estudo tem caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, com uso de entrevista semiestruturada, com roteiro pré-estabelecido. Os resultados mostraram que a recém-criada Unidade de Conservação teve seus primeiros indicativos de criação na década de 1970, sendo intensificada a partir dos anos 2000, culminando com a sua criação no ano 2005.
Trilha interpretativa como instrumento de comunicação ambiental: uma experiência no Parque Municipal dos Morros, Santa Maria (RS)
Authors: Corrêa Letícia Ramires , Ferrarese Marina Deon , Rocha Guilherme Lul da , Ribeiro Rafael Camilo
Published: June 2019

O trabalho buscou a interpretação ambiental por meio da realização de Trilhas Interpretativas no Parque Natural Municipal do Morros. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada que constatou cinco pontos-chave para os visitantes: natureza, mirante, caminhada/aventura, conhecimento e interação social.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade para o turismo sustentável: um estudo no município de Bananeiras (PB)
Authors: Nunes Emanuelly Rodrigues , Martins Maria de Fátima
Published: June 2019

A atividade turística tem sido alvo de estudos por diversos pesquisadores por ser considerada uma atividade que se relaciona diretamente com o meio ambiente trazendo impactos negativos, mas que também pode promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, é necessário que haja um planejamento adequado que busque aliar o crescimento econômico, o desenvolvimento social e a preservação dos recursos naturais. Para tanto, os indicadores de sustentabilidade se constituem uma importante ferramenta capaz de fornecer informações que auxiliem na elaboração do planejamento por aproximar os pesquisadores da realidade de determinada localidade. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade turística do município de Bananeiras-PB aplicando a metodologia SISDTur através de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. Os resultados apontam que a atividade turística de Bananeiras carece de inciativas que visem o atendimento a todas as dimensões da sustentabilidade como forma de promover de forma sustentável o Turismo e consequentemente o município. Deste modo, sugere-se a implantação do Plano Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Sustentável a fim de promover ações direcionadas para o atendimento de todas as esferas da sustentabilidade.
Cartografia digital aplicada ao mapeamento da Vila da Barca como suporte à Educação Ambiental Crítica, Belém (PA)
Authors: Rocha Filipe de Melo , Tancredi Nicola Saverio Holanda , Santos Neuma Teixeira dos
Published: June 2019

O referido artigo tem como ênfase utilizar a cartografia digital aplicada ao mapeamento da Vila da Barca, localizada no bairro do Telégrafo em Belém do Pará. Com o auxílio do geoprocessamento foram obtidos os seguintes dados: número de casas, reconhecimento de problemas espaciais e uso de materiais danosos a saúde na construção das casas. A ferramenta da educação ambiental crítica busca entender os problemas espaciais, sociais e econômicos e com isso estimular condições para uma mudança no paradigma local. As informações obtidas a partir deste estudo buscaram integrar geoinformação e educação ambiental com foco no entendimento e, posterior possibilidade de transformação do contexto local.
Responsabilidade socioambiental a partir da utilização e descarte de medicamentos
Authors: Marques Ronualdo , Xavier Claudia Regina
Published: June 2019

A Educação Ambiental contribui para formação de cidadãos críticos e ativos na preservação do Meio Ambiente. Este estudo exibe uma discussão sobre a percepção dos estudantes com o uso e descarte de medicamentos e ainda, o grau de informação a respeito de suas implicações em relação a saúde pública e/ou ao Meio Ambiente e assim sensibilizar, conscientizar e orientar para o correto destino final. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 2017, com 95 alunos, do Colégio Estadual Pedro Macedo em Curitiba - PR. Pôde-se concluir que a temática dos medicamentos contribui para a Responsabilidade socioambiental com o desenvolvimento de ações potencializando discussões que emergem das relações entre os seres humanos, sociedade e natureza.
Educação Ambiental: análise da percepção dos alunos do ensino fundamental sobre a qualidade da água consumida no município de Belém (PA)
Authors: Rêgo João Ricardo Souza do
Published: June 2019

Estudo que desvela a percepção de alunos de um colégio localizado no Município de Belém, capital do Estado do Pará, sobre a qualidade da água consumida diariamente em suas residências. Buscou-se, por meio de questionários, verificar a percepção ambiental dos estudantes a respeito da temática sobre qualidade e importância da água e comparar com os resultados da análise físico-química e microbiológica das águas coletadas, objetivando constatar se a qualidade da água percebida e relatada pelos alunos, corresponde com o enquadramento dos parâmetros dessa águas às normas de portabilidade. Por meio destes resultados foi possível revelar que os alunos possuem a percepção da importância da água de boa qualidade para os múltiplos usos humanos, conhecimento que se constitui essencial como estratégia de ensino em Educação Ambiental.
Capacitação de monitores em Educação Ambiental com ênfase em bioconstrução com bambu no Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS)
Authors: Antonello Neto Alberto Pedro , Trindade Bernardete , Santiago Gisele
Published: June 2019

O Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria recebe, anualmente, cerca de 5000 visitantes, onde 75% são oriundos da Educação Básica. Buscando tornar as visitações mais didáticas, foi realizada capacitação com os monitores que atuam como guias de visitação, sendo que o trabalho teve foco na bioconstrução, dando ênfase ao bambu. O método utilizado foi à realização de aulas teóricas e práticas, ao estilo de oficinas. Foi dividida em três fases: conhecimento físico do local, estudo de conceitos relacionados à educação ambiental em jardins botânicos e realização de oficinas. Verificou-se que a capacitação oferecida foi essencial aos monitores, pois serviu para propiciar aos visitantes um diferencial em relação a uma visita tradicional, constatada através dos questionários de avaliação obtidos dos visitantes após as visitas.
A Práxis Pedagógica no ensino da Educação Ambiental Crítica em uma escola da rede pública municipal de ensino de Porto Nacional (TO)
Authors: Dall'Agnol Márcia , Aguiar Denise Regina da Costa
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa, realizada em 2017, com professores do 5º ano, da rede pública municipal de ensino da zona urbana do município de Porto Nacional – TO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a práxis pedagógica, em uma perspectiva crítico emancipatória, com a temática Educação Ambiental, no 5º ano do ensino fundamental I, em uma escola da rede pública municipal da zona urbana de Porto Nacional/TO. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizado para a coleta de dados o questionário e a observação participante. Com o estudo concluiu-se que é possível um processo ensino/aprendizagem com uma práxis pedagógica que possibilite a refletir criticamente e problematizar a realidade local, no sentido de transformar o conhecimento em ações concretas, de forma coletiva.
O currículo como criação cotidiana: o vídeo como material didático de Educação Ambiental
Authors: Eduardo Janaína Rodrigues de Freitas Machado , Nascimento Milena de Sousa , Lima Isabela Mazza de , Alves Marcelo Paraíso
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo investigou a construção de conhecimentos de Educação Ambiental em uma escola pública em Volta Redonda/RJ. O seu objetivo principal foi visibilizar as ações socioambientais de professores e estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio e as narrativas do processo de criação de vídeos de Educação Ambiental. A pesquisa emerge dos Estudos do Cotidiano e tem como centralidade a teoria dos conhecimentos em redes. Metodologicamente, o trabalho utiliza o caderno de campo para descrever as redes de conversações constituídas no processo de pesquisa. Os dados produzidos permitiram perceber a fabricação singular de vídeos, a partir do estabelecimento da comunidade de afetos e da noção de currículo construído no cotidiano.
(Re)Educação Ambiental para infratores no Amazonas: estratégias e macrotendências pedagógicas
Authors: Souza Ivan Nunes , Simão Maria Olívia Albuquerque Ribeiro , Antônio Adalberto Carim , Pereira Henrique dos Santos
Published: June 2019

A Educação Ambiental como alternativa penal representa uma inovação das práticas judiciais. A respeito disso, foram realizadas, no Amazonas, no período de 2004 a 2018, Oficinas de Reeducação Ambiental objetivando evitar a reincidência de crimes ambientais. Esta iniciativa se constitui em um esforço conjugado entre órgãos federais, estaduais e municipais. Este artigo pretende analisar a estrutura metodológica e a vinculação político-pedagógica dessas oficinas. Foram analisadas entrevistas e documentos oficiais. Os temas abordados nas oficinas são representativos dos tipos de crimes mais praticados no período e revelam a vinculação à tendência político-pedagógica “Conservacionista” de Educação Ambiental.
Percepção de diabéticos e papel dos profissionais de saúde sobre a Educação Ambiental de resíduos perfurocortantes produzidos em domicílios
Authors: Aquino Simone , Zajac Maria Antonietta Leitão , Kniess Cláudia Terezinha
Published: June 2019

Os resíduos de saúde recebem diferentes classificações, sendo os materiais perfurocortantes, como agulhas e lancetas, pertencentes ao grupo E. O uso doméstico de seringas, agulhas e lancetas é uma realidade dos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus, que dependem de insulina e descartam erroneamente os perfurocortantes junto aos resíduos sólidos comuns. A educação sobre a segregação e disposição adequada dos resíduos do grupo E, gerados nos domicílios, deve envolver vários profissionais da saúde, seja do setor público ou privado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de diabéticos insulinodependentes sobre a responsabilidade ambiental da geração de seu resíduo e avaliar o papel dos stakeholders da saúde envolvidos na educação ambiental, na cidade de São Paulo, sobre a logística reversa de resíduos perfurocortantes. A revenda pequena de recipiente de coleta para resíduos E nas farmácias, a falta de conscientização sobre o descarte correto dos diabéticos e poucas campanhas educacionais sobre a logística reversa nas UBS ainda são pontos fracos a serem melhorados na educação ambiental de geradores de resíduos E em domicílios.
“Recicla Gostoso”: o papel da Educação Ambiental na coleta seletiva em São Miguel do Gostoso (RN)
Authors: Cardoso Junior Otomar Lopes
Published: June 2019

O lixo urbano é um grave problema, sobretudo para quem depende do turismo baseado na natureza. São Miguel do Gostoso é destino privilegiado no Rio Grande do Norte mas, a expansão da cidade (antes, pacata praia de pescadores) trouxe uma maior “produção” de lixo. Recentemente foi criada a Associação Recicla Gostoso (coleta seletiva) em busca de assegurar uma renda mínima para os catadores. Após um ano, no entanto, o resultado econômico é pífio, comprometendo sua viabilidade. Neste trabalho a ideia da Educação Ambiental é balizadora para que a atividade da Associação possa ser ampliada para benefício de todos e apresenta propostas concretas de rápida implementação que podem reverter, a curto-médio prazo, os resultados atuais.
Vivência com a natureza no ambiente escolar na primeira infância e sua relevância para construção do respeito e cuidados com o meio ambiente
Authors: Rambo Graciele Cristiane , Von Borstel Roesler Marli Renate
Published: June 2019

Dentre as fases do desenvolvimento humano, a primeira infância é considerada a mais sensível às influências que os meios social e físico podem exercer sobre esse desenvolvimento. O que a criança vivencia durante essa etapa pode influenciar mais profundamente a construção da sua personalidade que qualquer outra idade. Sendo assim, considerando que cada vez mais cedo as crianças passam a frequentar os espaços escolares, e lá permanecem por longo período do dia confinadas em espaços fechados, evidências apontam que essa realidade tem colocado as crianças em situação de distanciamento da natureza, o que tem contribuído para a separação da criança em relação ao amor e aos cuidados com o meio ambiente. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o papel indispensável que o espaço escolar assume: o de ressignificar a importância do meio ambiente no desenvolvimento infantil, e despertar o sentimento de pertencimento da criança à natureza, a começar pelo contato que ela pode e deve ter com os elementos do meio natural, no dia a dia escolar, contribuindo com isso para a formação de indivíduos reflexivos diante de atitudes positivas em relação ao meio ambiente, sempre em busca da promoção da sustentabilidade da vida.
Diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos sólidos no transporte hidroviário do município de Breves (PA)
Authors: Freitas Manolo Costa , Gonçalves Taynara Demes , Barreto Cristiane Alves , Dos Santos Gabriela Barbosa , Freitas Ana Carolina Gomes de Albuquerque de
Published: June 2019

A cidade de Breves é cercada por vários rios que são o meio utilizado diariamente pela população para o transporte de cargas e passageiros. A gestão de resíduos sólidos nas embarcações de grande porte nas empresas de navegação, é uma problemática a ser estudada, pois é visível a destinação incorreta dos resíduos por funcionários e na maioria das vezes por passageiros das embarcações, causando impactos que trazem consigo várias consequências ambientais e sociais para a população da região. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada nas empresas de transporte hidroviário do Município de Breves-PA. A pesquisa do tipo quali-quantitativo mediada por auxílio de questionários e entrevistas, teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos sólidos com funcionários de três empresas de navegação, que prestam serviços no município, pois acredita-se que os funcionários podem ser disseminadores de informações e de novas condutas para os passageiros em relação à gestão de resíduos. A partir dos resultados obtidos pôde-se verificar a importância de se trabalhar a Educação Ambiental (EA). Além, de desenvolver projetos a serem aplicados no transporte hidroviário com foco na gestão de resíduos sólidos, visto que foi comprovado a carência de informação quanto à EA e à necessidade de ações nas embarcações voltadas para a temática.
Initiation of microcalli in culture of pea (Pisum sativum L.) isolated microspores
Authors: Bobkov Sergey V.
Published: June 2019

Innovative biotechnologies based on use of double haploids enables developing new varieties considerably faster compared to conventional plant breeding approaches. In pea, reliable methods of haploid plants production are not fully elaborated yet. The current research aimed at testing different conditions (genotype, medium, and stress treatment) for initiation of sporophytic developmental shift in culture of pea isolated microspores. Reprogramming pea microspores towards a sporophytic development was stimulated with temperature stress. Cold (+4°С) and heat (+35°С) stress treatments were applied to pea isolated flower buds and microspores, respectively. Microspores were isolated from plants of 6 pea genotypes, treated at 18 temperature regimes and cultivated in 8 liquid nutrient media with various chemical compounds including growth regulators, vitamins, sugars, glutamine, casein hydrolysate, and osmotic agents. Microcalli were produced from isolated microspores of pea breeding line 109b and variety Stabil in conditions of nutrient media KM-ар1 and MSB-M3 after cold (+4°С) stress treatment for 16 and 10 days, respectively. The media KM-ар1 and MSB-M3 contained a relatively low concentration of sugar (10 and 6 g L-1, respectively), and were supplemented with polyethylene glycol 6000 or mannitol as osmotic agents.
Development of a multiplex PCR-RFLP method for simultaneous detection of the MTHFR 677C>T and TNF-α -308G>A variants in a Malay population
Authors: Shaik Munvar Mia , Tan Huay Lin , Abubakar Murtala Bello , Gan Siew Hua
Published: June 2019

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play major roles in cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to develop a new multiplex PCR genotyping method for the simultaneous detection of MTHFR 677C>T and TNF-α -308G>A, which are the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are widely known to confer susceptibility to major vascular and inflammatory disorders. DNA was amplified using multiplex PCR, which was optimized by evaluations of the annealing temperature, the effects of various magnesium chloride, primer and enzyme concentrations, and the amount of DNA template. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed in two separate tubes followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. One hundred twenty-nine healthy volunteers were recruited, and the MTHFR 677C>T and TNF-α -308G>A variants were genotyped using a novel multiplex PCR-RFLP technique. The results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The allele frequencies of MTHFR 677C>T were 97.29% (C allele) and 2.71% (T allele). For TNF-α -308G>A, the allele frequencies were 98.45% (G allele) and 1.55% (A allele). The PCR-RFLP method developed in this study is simple, cost-effective and time-saving. It can be used to simultaneously genotype subjects for the MTHFR 677C>T and TNF-α -308G>A variants with 100% concordance with DNA sequencing data. This method can be routinely used for rapid investigation of the MTHFR 677C>T and TNF-α -308G>A variants.
Cosmonaut’s Legal Status: Brief Professional Commentary
Authors: Baturin Yuri
Published: June 2019

For the first time ever, the status of a cosmonaut of the Russian Fede-ration shall be treated not only through the review of the legislation or a separate regulatory act but also through the summarization of practical activity in the area of manned cosmonautics.The history of shaping a legal status of a cosmonaut has started since 1960. Over the first two decades of manned cosmonautics, four Regulations on cosmonauts of the USSR have been introduced and refined. However, for a quarter of a century in the Russian Federation, the practical space activities have been running without any instrument regulating the legal status of a cosmonaut. During the period 1992–2017, the preparation of the Regulation on cosmonauts in the Russian Federation was facing serious obstacles.The Regulation on cosmonauts of the Russian Federation approved by the Russian Government in 2017 has significant drawbacks and gaps. A list of challenges of the legal status of a cosmonaut to be addressed is provided. It is expected to supplement the Regulation on cosmonauts by new standards pertaining cosmonaut’s rights and obligations based upon space expertise.It is proposed to define the concept "cosmonaut" and cosmonaut’s job descri-ption using four components: speciality "cosmonaut", qualification "cosmonaut", position "cosmonaut" and profession "cosmonaut". Such approach differs from the logic of the applicable Regulation on cosmonauts 2017 where the cosmonaut’s job description shall be treated as a synonym of the cosmonaut’s professional activity.The need for availability of a Model Contract for execution of manned space mission and Model Contract for preparation to execution of manned space mission is rationalized; its content is provided in sufficient detail.It is proposed to introduce an international dimension into the legal status of a cosmonaut, and in doing so not only to use the whole array of rights and privileges of cosmonauts stipulated by the international law, but also to empower a cosmonaut to act as a representative of the State both at the overseas or international manned space object.The new regulatory acts, the need for which is given rationale in the article, will contribute to bridging gaps of legal regulation in the area of space missions in Russia between the western expertise and national practice of manned cosmonautics.
Walkability: Perspective From A Local Neighborhood in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Muhaemin Akhmad Baiquni
Published: June 2019

Walking is inherently a human activity, and has been related to many benefits including health, social, economy, and transportation, but there are still gaps from the western dominated literature to the  local context of Indonesia. This research aims to understand the parameters of walkability from a short walk by people preferences from its origin focusing in a selected neighborhood of Kemiling Sub District in Bandar Lampung city. Data collection consists of building a basis of walkability parameters from literature of walking and walkability  and identifying the local walkability parameters by synchronizing the data based on in  depth adult interviews. Comparing the literature analysis resulted to five possible categories of barriers in the neighborhood: feasibility, destination, safety, comfort, and design quality. In the case of Bandar Lampung, locals probably perceived walking as more casual affairs with no expectation to the quality of their environment while accepting comfort as the most important barriers rather than safety.