bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Gorczynski Paul , Hainline Brian , Hitchcock Mary E , Kerkhoffs Gino M , Rice Simon M , Reardon Claudia L
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders among current and former elite athletes.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Five electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2018: PubMed (MEDLINE), SportDiscus via EBSCO, PSycINFO via ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included original quantitative studies that were written in English, were conducted exclusively among current or former elite athletes, and presented incidence or prevalence rates of symptoms of mental disorders.

Results

Twenty-two relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among current elite athletes were included: they presented data especially on symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 2895 to 5555 current elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression. Fifteen relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among former elite athletes were included: they similarly presented data especially about symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 1579 to 1686 former elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression.

Conclusions

Our meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression for current elite athletes, and from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression for former elite athletes.
Management of mental health emergencies in elite athletes: a narrative review
Authors: Currie Alan , McDuff David , Johnston Allan , Hopley Phil , Hitchcock Mary E , Reardon Claudia L , Hainline Brian
Published: May 2019

Mental health emergencies require a rapid, effective response. We searched the literature on mental health emergencies in athletes and found five papers. None of these addressed elite athletes. Nonetheless, common mental health emergencies may present in the sports environment and may place the athlete and others at risk. Sports teams and organisations should anticipate which emergencies are likely and how medical and support staff can best respond. Responses should be based on general non-sporting guidelines. We stress the importance of clinicians following standard procedures.
Mental health symptoms and disorders in Paralympic athletes: a narrative review
Authors: Swartz Leslie , Hunt Xanthe , Bantjes Jason , Hainline Brian , Reardon Claudia L
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This narrative review summarises the literature on the mental health of Paralympic athletes, explores possible reasons for the paucity of research in this area and suggests directions for future research.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted using search terms related to disability, sport and mental health.

Results

The search yielded 665 publications. Of these, 129 were duplicates, resulting in 536 publications identified for initial screening. A total of 72 publications were to be relevant at initial screening. Only seven publications addressed Paralympic athletes specifically. Of these papers, three included measures of depression and three included measures of anxiety. In the studies that were not concerned with mental health symptoms or disorders, the focus of enquiry included identity and self, stress, and well-being.

Conclusion

Most of the studies reviewed are small in scale, and there are almost no comparative data on Paralympic versus Olympic athletes. There is a paucity of data on rates of mental health symptoms and disorders in this population and the factors that might contribute to poor mental health among elite athletes with disabilities. We propose that stereotypes about people with disabilities—and the disability rights movement’s rightful reaction to these stereotypes—have created barriers to mental health research among Paralympic athletes. There is a need for enquiry into the differential stressors experienced by Paralympic athletes, including trauma, transition out of sport, sport and personhood, and the potential for disability sport to promote psychological health.
Impact of a structured, group-based running programme on clinical, cognitive and social function in youth and adults with complex mood disorders: a 12-week pilot study
Authors: Keating Laura E , Becker Suzanna , McCabe Katie , Whattam Jeff , Garrick Laura , Frey Benicio N , Sassi Roberto B , McKinnon Margaret C
Published: May 2019

Background

Individuals with mood disorders often report lingering health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and social and cognitive impairments even after mood symptoms have improved. Exercise programmes improve mood symptoms in patients, but whether exercise improves functional outcomes in patients with difficult-to-treat mood disorders remains unknown.

Design

We evaluated the impact of a 12-week structured running programme on cognitive, social and quality-of-life outcomes in participants with difficult-to-treat mood disorders.

Methods

In a prospective, open-label study, patients referred to the St Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonTeam Unbreakablerunning programme for youth and adults with mood disorders completed a comprehensive assessment battery before and after the 12-week exercise intervention.

Results

We collected preintervention and postintervention data from 18 participants who improved on the general health, vitality, role of emotions, social functioning and mental health (all p≤0.01) HRQOL subscales. Performance improved on cognitive tests that assessed working memory and processing speed (p≤0.04); there were no improvements in complex executive functioning tasks. Regression analyses indicated that younger age, shorter illness duration and reduced bodily pain predicted social and cognitive outcomes.

Conclusion

Participation in a group-based, structured running programme was associated with improved HRQOL and social and cognitive function.
Improving risk stratification in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by combining two validated risk scores
Authors: Boralkar Kalyani Anil , Kobayashi Yukari , Moneghetti Kegan J , Pargaonkar Vedant S , Tuzovic Mirela , Krishnan Gomathi , Wheeler Matthew T , Banerjee Dipanjan , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Horne Benjamin D , Knowlton Kirk U , Heidenreich Paul A , Haddad Francois
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) was developed and validated to predict short-term and long-term mortality in hospitalised patients using demographics and commonly available laboratory data. In this study, we sought to determine whether the IMRS also predicts all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and whether it is complementary to the Get with the Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).

Methods and results

We used the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment to identify 3847 adult patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF between January 1998 and December 2016. Of these, 580 were hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of acute HFpEF. Mean age was 76±16 years, the majority being female (58%), with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (36%) and a history of coronary artery disease (60%). Over a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 140 (24%) patients died. On multivariable analysis, the IMRS and GWTG-HF risk score were independently associated with all-cause mortality (standardised HRs IMRS (1.55 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.93)); GWTG-HF (1.60 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.01))). Combining the two scores, improved the net reclassification over GWTG-HF alone by 36.2%. In patients with available NT-proBNP (n=341), NT-proBNP improved the net reclassification of each score by 46.2% (IMRS) and 36.3% (GWTG-HF).

Conclusion

IMRS and GWTG-HF risk scores, along with NT-proBNP, play a complementary role in predicting outcome in patients hospitalised with HFpEF.
Nanoparticle drug delivery characterization for fluticasone propionate and in vitro testing
Authors: Sutariya Vijaykumar , Kelly Shannon J. , Weigel Robert G. , Tur Jared , Halasz Kathleen , Sharma Nirmal S. , Tipparaju Srinivas M.
Published: May 2019

Glucocorticoids, such as fluticasone propionate (FP), are used for the treatment of inflammation and alleviation of nasal symptoms and allergies, and as an antipruritic. However, both short- and long-term therapeutic use of glucocorticoids can lead to muscle weakness and atrophy. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of the nanodelivery of FP with poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and tested in vitro function. FP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared via nanoprecipitation and morphological characteristics were studied via scanning electron microscopy. FP-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated an encapsulation efficiency of 68.6% ± 0.5% with a drug loading capacity of 4.6% ± 0.04%, were 128.8 ± 0.6 nm in diameter with a polydispersity index of 0.07 ± 0.008, and displayed a zeta potential of –19.4 ± 0.7. A sustained in vitro drug release pattern was observed for up to 7 days. The use of fluticasone nanoparticle decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lactate dehydrogenase release compared with LPS alone in C2C12 treated cells. FP also decreased expression of LPS-induced inflammatory genes in C2C12 treated cells as compared with LPS alone. Taken together, the present study demonstrates in vitro feasibility of PLGA-FP nanoparticle delivery to the skeletal muscle cells, which may be beneficial for treating inflammation.
Neighbors-based divisive algorithm for hierarchical analysis in networks
Authors: Luo Junhai , Ye Lei , He Xiaoting
Published: May 2019

Hierarchical analysis for network structure can point out which communities can constitute a larger group or give reasonable smaller groups within a community. Numerous methods for discovering community in networks divide networks at only one certain granularity, which does not benefit hierarchical analysis for network structure. Hierarchical clustering algorithms are the common technique that reveals the multilevel structure in the network analysis. In this work, we give a definition for scores of edges according to the basic idea of means clustering. Based on the definition, a neighbors-based divisive algorithm named neighbor-means (NM) is proposed to detect communities in networks, especially for hierarchical analysis. The divisive algorithm repeatedly removes the edge with the highest score to obtain hierarchical partitions but can recalculate the scores of edges quickly with local recalculating strategy and crucial change-rules, which makes its complexity much lower than many divisive algorithms. In addition, when the community structure is ambiguous, benefited from superiority of the defined scores, our method achieves better results than many divisive and agglomerative algorithms. Experiments with artificial and real-world networks demonstrate the superiority of neighbor-means in detecting community structure.
Multi-message topic dissemination probabilistic model with memory attenuation based on Social–Messages Network
Authors: Yang Ruiqi , Han Dingding , Qian Jianghai
Published: May 2019

Current researches give priority to the diffusion of single message, but the diffusion of multi-messages at the same time in the actual network also exists. The diverse correlation of the messages will influence each other in the diffusion. It should be taken into consideration. This paper works to make a definition to the framework of Social–Messages Network. Based on it, a multi-message topic dissemination probabilistic model with memory attenuation is put forward, which introduces the correlation among messages. We adopt a simple learning strategy to gain the diverse correlation of messages. Then, the numerical simulation is utilized to analyze the model, whilst the relationship of the model parameter with the scope of the topic diffusion and the spread speed are studied and analyzed. With the related discussion data on Twitter, an empirical study is made to the model and the diffusion progress of the message is anticipated, which suggested that the anticipation is fundamentally in line with the actual data, and the estimated value of our model is closer to the reality than the classic diffusion model. Study on the topic diffusion will be conducive to the understanding and the anticipation of the multi–messages spread.
Electromagnetic radiation modulates synchronization in cortical neurons of Macaque brain
Authors: Vinaya Mary , Ignatius Rose P.
Published: May 2019

We study dynamical synchronization in a model of a neural system representing 47 cortical regions of Macaque brain under the effect of an electromagnetic field. This system is constituted by local networks of densely interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Coupling between the local networks is introduced through sparsely distributed excitatory connectivity. Voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels determine the neural dynamics of the networks. The effect of electromagnetic field on the neural system is studied by modulating magnetic flux on the membrane potential using memristor coupling. With the application of electromagnetic field and the modulation of long-range synaptic coupling, the system easily makes transition to synchronization. It is found that the threshold for synchrony between coupled local networks is lowered by the applied electromagnetic field. Also, electromagnetic field causes the neural subsystems to make low amplitude oscillations with an approximate frequency of 130 Hz. This indicates that electromagnetic field gives rise to high-gamma activity in the cortical regions of the brain which increases selective attention. This may facilitate adaptive brain function by giving rise to a rich collection of dynamics and contribute to the origin of complex patterns observed in the EEG.
Computational investigation on the effects of rib on the slug flow phenomenon; using OpenFOAM
Authors: Aghebatie Behrouz , Hosseini Khosrow
Published: May 2019

Slug flow is a two-phase fluid flow pattern, characterized by a series of liquid slugs dispersed by relatively large air bubbles. Air bubbles produced and trapped during the slug flow phenomenon conduct to interruption in flow which induces pressure and velocity fluctuations. These effects have destructive circumstances in conduits and conveyance structures. This paper deals with studying numerically two-phase flows using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques performed in OpenFOAM (an open source software) by interFoam solver. Most of the previous concerning studies on slug flow were performed in micro-channels with small scales in which the expansion of the air bubbles was negligible. By contrast, we investigated the systems with large pressure drops which conduct to abrupt increases on the volume of air phase. The slug flow phenomenon could be created by introducing air and water with different velocities at inlet of a culvert with air to water velocity ratio varied from 1.1 to 34. First, this study focused on temporal and spatial variations of pressure and velocity along the culvert. After that, by dimensional analysis, the nondimensional parameters influencing the slug flow phenomenon are extracted and analyzed. Finally, different strategies for reducing the destructive effects of slug flow, including the shape and location of ribs, are evaluated and the best strategy is proposed.
The Effects of Working Memory, Perceptual Speed, and Inhibition in Aggregated Search
Authors: Arguello Jaime , Choi Bogeum
Published: May 2019

Prior work has studied how different characteristics of individual users (e.g., personality traits and cognitive abilities) can impact search behaviors and outcomes. We report on a laboratory study (
N
= 32) that investigated the effects of three different cognitive abilities (perceptual speed, working memory, and inhibition) in the context of aggregated search. Aggregated search systems combine results from multiple heterogeneous sources (or
verticals
) in a unified presentation. Participants in our study interacted with two different aggregated search interfaces (a within-subjects design) that differed based on the extent to which the layout distinguished between results originating from different verticals. The
interleaved
interface merged results from different verticals in a fairly unconstrained fashion. Conversely, the
blocked
interface displayed results from the same vertical as a group, displayed each group of vertical results in the same region on the SERP for every query, and used a border around each group of vertical results to help distinguish among results from different sources. We investigated three research questions (RQ1--RQ3). Specifically, we investigated the effects of the interface condition and each cognitive ability on three types of outcomes: (RQ1) participants’ levels of workload, (RQ2) participants’ levels of user engagement, and (RQ3) participants’ search behaviors. Our results found different main and interaction effects. Perceptual speed and inhibition did not significantly affect participants’ workload and user engagement but significantly affected their search behaviors. Specifically, with the interleaved interface, participants with lower perceptual speed had more difficulty finding relevant results on the SERP, and participants with lower inhibitory attention control searched at a slower pace. Working memory did not have a strong effect on participants’ behaviors but had several significant effects on the levels of workload and user engagement reported by participants. Specifically, participants with lower working memory reported higher levels of workload and lower levels of user engagement. We discuss implications of our results for designing aggregated search interfaces that are well suited for users with different cognitive abilities.
3β-Acetyloxy-oleanolic Acid Attenuates Pristane-Induced Lupus Nephritis by Regulating Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Chen Huanpeng , Wei Fengjiao , Zhao Qingyu , Su Qiao , Liang Jinhao , Yin Meng , Tian Xuyan , Liu Zhonghua , Yu Bolan , Bai Chuan , He Xixin , Huang Zhaofeng
Published: May 2019

Th17 activity has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is a systemic autoimmune disease with a typical clinical manifestation of lupus nephritis (LN). Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been shown to be important for Th17 differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of RORγt activity by 3β-acetyloxy-oleanolic acid (AOA), a small molecule isolated from the root of Symplocos laurina, a traditional herb belonging to South China. We demonstrated that AOA can inhibit RORγt activity and prevent SLE pathogenesis in a pristane-induced LN model. The results showed that AOA decreased RORγt transcription activity in a reporter assay and prevented Th17 differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies showed that AOA treatment decreased serum anti-dsDNA antibody and alleviated renal pathologic damage as well as antibody complex accumulation in the pristane-induced LN model. These results demonstrated that AOA can improve the clinical manifestation of LN, indicating potential application in SLE therapy.
Patient and Tumour Characteristics of Adult Head and Neck Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Andersen Sakshi , Mann Henriette , Krarup-Hansen Anders , Lajer Christel Bræmer , Grønhøj Christian
Published: May 2019

Background. Head and neck soft tissue sarcomas (HNSTS) constitute a rare and heterogeneous cancer entity. Management remains a challenge due to the rarity and varied biological behaviour among various subtypes. This systematic review examines the characteristics of tumours and patients with HNSTS. Materials and Methods. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase. Eight eligible studies were identified, and 13 variables were extracted from each study including 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate. Results. We identified eight studies (n = 1,120 patients; 739 males (66%)) from six different countries). In total, 24 histological subtypes were found, and 20% of the sarcomas (n = 215) could not be subclassified. 607 sarcomas (57%) were <5 cm in diameter, and 945 sarcomas (84%) were grade 3. 1,059 patients (90%) underwent surgery. Estimated 5-year OS was 74% (95% CI; 0.63–0.84%) and 5-year DFS was 56% (95% CI; 38–74%). Conclusion. HNSTS holds a relative poor prognosis possibly explained by the heterogeneity of the disease. Treatment of HNSTS has shown to be highly diverse, underlining the importance of uniformed treatment guidelines in order to achieve improved survival outcomes.
Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction with Endobronchial Zephyr Valves for Severe Emphysema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Labarca Gonzalo , Uribe Juan Pablo , Pacheco Cecilia , Folch Erik , Kheir Fayez , Majid Adnan , Jantz Michael A. , Mehta Hiren J. , Patel Neal , Herth Felix J.F. , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Background: Endoscopic lung volume reduction using Zephyr® valves has been recently adopted as a treatment option for patients with severe emphysema without collateral ventilation (CV). Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of Zephyr valves in such a population. Methods: Studies were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. All searches were current until June 2018. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of Zephyr. We defined as outcome: change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), in the 6-min walking test (6MWT), in the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and in residual volume (RV). Safety analysis included relative risk (RR) of pneumothorax. We assessed the quality of the evidence using GRADE. Results: 7 RCTs reported on Zephyr valves and 5 RCTs included only patients without CV. Zephyr improved FEV1 with a mean difference (MD) of 17.36% (CI, 9.28–25.45, I2 = 78%). Subgroup analysis showed significant FEV1 improvement following Zephyr placement in patients with heterogeneous distribution: MD = 21.78% (CI, 8.70–34.86, I2 = 89%) and 16.27% (CI, 8.78–23.76, I2 = 0%) in patients with homogeneous emphysema. Studies with a follow-up of 3 months reported FEV1 MD = 17.19% (CI, 3.16–31.22, I2 = 89%) compared to studies with a follow-up of 6–12 months, which showed a consistent improvement of FEV1 MD = 17.90% (CI, 11.47–24.33, I2 = 0%). Zephyr also showed improvement of SGRQ, 6MWT, and RV. RR of pneumothorax was 6.32 (CI, 3.74–10.67, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: In this population, Zephyr valves provided significant and clinically meaningful short-term improvements in either homogeneous or heterogeneous emphysema without CV but with an increase in adverse events.
Temporal Trend of Non-Invasive Method Capacity for Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Pseudo-Panel Data
Authors: Arsang-Jang Shahram , Kelishadi Roya , Esmail Motlagh Mohammad , Heshmat Ramin , Mansourian Marjan
Published: May 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the ability of Noninvasive methods to early predictions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among children and adolescents from 2003 to 2016. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study based on 24,409 Iranian children and adolescents. The variables included anthropometric measures, serum lipid profiles, hypertension, and MetS. The receiver operating characteristic regression and Bayesian multilevel modeling conducted on data to comparison the power of anthropometric measures to early prediction of cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: The tri-ponderal body shape index (TBSI) in females and waist circumference (WC) percentile in males yielded a greater ability to predict lipid profiles and hypertension than the rest of anthropometric factors. The TBSI (β = 6.24, 95% credible interval [95% Crl] 3.9–8.7) followed by the WC percentile (β = 4.43, 95% Crl 3.5–5.4) were considered the better predictors of MetS compared with the body mass index (BMI), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), WC, waist-to-height ratio, and WC to height5 in adolescents. The TBSI with Youden index J (JI) = 0.85 was significantly more accurate than the BMI (JI = 0.73), and TMI (JI = 0.7) for classifying individuals with MetS and in healthy groups. The predictability of early MetS was consistent for both TBSI and WC components throughout the study period. Conclusions: The TBSI including, both BMI and WC components, predicts MetS and cardiometabolic risk factors more accurately than BMI or WC alone in females. The TBSI ability was higher than other anthropometric factors for screening MetS and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents.
Tecnologias de comunicação transformadoras: o desafio da accountability
Authors: Mansell Robin
Published: May 2019

O trabalho aborda as causas e consequências das transformações na mídia e nas tecnologias de comunicação, discutindo se os grandes atores globais responsáveis por elas devem prestar contas pelo modo como o ambiente digitalmente mediado está se alterando. Tecnologias de comunicação mais antigas também trouxeram à tona discussões sobre a accountability. No entanto, hoje surgem novas questões sobre o tema, em relação à inteligência artificial, algoritmos, big data e aprendizado de máquina. Diante de possíveis danos e riscos da inovação digital, defende-se que, para garantir benefícios aos cidadãos, seja realizado um amplo debate, bem como pesquisas que possam dar apoio a políticas públicas preventivas.
Health Diplomacy and Global Health
Authors: Ribeiro Helena , Ventura Deisy De Freitas Lima
Published: May 2019

We will analyze and comment on the book Health Diplomacy and Global Health: Latin American Perspectives, edited by Paulo Marchiori Buss and Sebastián Tobar and published by Editora Fiocruz. Throughout its 653 pages, the book brings prominent national and foreign authors in the field of Health Diplomacy and Global Health, depicting a decade in which Brazil had great international protagonism in the field of Public Health, especially in South-South cooperation, in an innovative and structuring manner. Furthermore, the chapters present theoretical aspects and basic principles of Global Health as a new field of knowledge, in which the country has been developing and sharing scientific production with a Latin American perspective, focused on the pursuit of equity and health for all peoples of the world.
The Global Compact for Migration: Lessons for the Unity of EU Representation
Authors: Melin Pauline
Published: May 2019

In December 2018, the Global Compact for Migration was first adopted at the Marrakesh intergovernmental conference to be later endorsed as an UN General Assembly Resolution in New York. From an EU perspective, what started out as a common project to manage migration globally, not to say externally, became a fiasco for the unity of EU representation on the international scene. Unlike the negotiations of international agreements which are framed by the procedure set out in Article 218 TFEU, the negotiations of international soft law do not benefit from a clear legal framework. The Court of Justice has given some indications on the procedural and institutional aspects relevant for the negotiations of international soft law instruments in the Council v. Commission (C-660/13) case but many uncertainties remain. The purpose of this article is to draw lessons from the negotiation process of the Global Compact for the unity of EU representation.
Eine neue Gattung der Familie Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) aus dem Nördlichen Südamerika
Authors: Schmincke Horst Kurt
Published: May 2019

Eine neue Gattung und Art der Familie Parabathynellidae, Psalidobathynella stocki gen. n., sp. n., wird beschrieben. Die Tiere stammen aus einer Quelle und einem Brunnen von der Halbinsel Paraguana in Venezuela. Es handelt sich um sehr urtümliche Parabathynellidae. Da Männchen bisher nicht bekannt sind, ist es schwierig, die phylogenetische Stellung der neuen Gattung zu ermitteln.
A Review of the Species of Acrometopa Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae) with Special Reference to the Greek fauna
Authors: Willemse Fer
Published: May 2019

The characters previously used for the distinction of the species of Acrometopa are reviewed and modified differential diagnoses are given. Neotypes for A. macropoda (Burmeister) and A. servillea (Brullé) and a lectotype for A. syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl are designated. From the Aegean island of Ikaría A. cretensis daedali nov. subsp. is described, and a key to the species and subspecies is given. The geographical variation within A. macropoda is described and discussed. A critical review of previous records in literature, together with the addition of new distributional data from Greece, has brought more logic in the known distributional pattern of the species.
New Freshwater Triclads from Tasmania (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria)
Authors: Ball Ian R. , Vinh-Hao Tran Thi
Published: May 2019

Three new freshwater triclads are described from Tasmanian lakes. Two of these represent the first records of the genus Spathula in Tasmania and the third belongs to the endemic genus Romankenkius. The taxonomic affinities of the species are discussed and keys to all the Tasmanian genera and species are provided. These keys are to be regarded as provisional since it is likely that there remain many planarian species to be discovered and described from Tasmania.
Nietzsche’s Reception of Darwinism
Authors: Mostert Pieter
Published: May 2019

It has been generally assumed that the influence of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution on Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) is to be understood in terms of Nietzsche’s concept “Übermensch” (overman). Hardly any attention has been paid to the question of the status of Darwin’s theory in Nietzsche’s philosophy. It is the purpose of this essay to answer that question.
Two New Species of Phreatic Harpacticoids from Iran (Crustacea: Copepoda)
Authors: Pesce Giuseppe L.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of the genus Nitrocrella Chappuis (s. str.) are described from subterranean, phreatic waters of Iran. These two species, N. petkovski and N. paceae, belong according to the recent revision of Petkovski (1976) to the chappuisi and vasconica groups of the genus, respectively.
New Hyporheic Water Mites from Haiti
Authors: Cook David R.
Published: May 2019

Four new hyporheic water mites, belonging to the genera Neomamersa, Protolimnesia and Mixdea , are described from a river in Haiti. Species belonging to the latter two genera are distinct enough to necessitate erecting the new subgenera Voldroguella, and Tubomixdea. Nymphs belonging to Rhyncholimnochares and Omartacarus were collected as well as Xenomomonia subcentrata, the latter previously described from Cuba.
On Apanthuretta Lathridia n. sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Anthuridea) from Cuba
Authors: Wägele Johann Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

Apanthuretta lathridia n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridea), the fifth species of the genus Apanthuretta Wägele, is described from interstitial water of a Cuban beach. A high number of morphological similarities with Apanthuretta pori Wägele (Red Sea) is noted.
New Data on Metaloricaria Paucidens from French Guiana and Surinam (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)
Authors: Isbrücker I. J. H. , Nijssen H.
Published: May 2019

A large number of previously unrecorded specimens of mailed catfishes of the genus Metaloricaria Isbrücker, 1975 (Loricariinae, tribe Harttiini, subtribe Metaloricariina) is compared with the known specimens from French Guiana and Surinam. This results in the recognition of two subspecies, viz., M. paucidens paucidens Isbrücker, 1975, from the rivers Oyapock and Maroni (French Guiana, Surinam), and M. p. nijsseni (Boeseman, 1976) from the rivers Suriname, Saramacca, Nickerie and Corantijn (Surinam). These subspecies were originally described as two different species, even within two different genera: Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker, 1975, and Harttia nijsseni Boeseman, 1976. Morphometric and meristic data, together with illustrations are given of the two subspecies. Diagnostic characters of Metaloricaria are provided, and its position within the Harttiini is indicated.
Ecology of the Long-Tailed Skua, Stercorarius Longicaudus, at Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: de Korte J.
Published: May 2019

Breeding success and growth of young of Long-tailed Skuas were investigated in Northeast Greenland at Kap Stewart in 1973 and 1974, at Ugleelv and Kærelv in 1975, and at Kærelv in 1979. Territorial pair density was positively correlated with the percentage snow-free area in June. In 1973, estimated mean egg production per territorial pair was 1.4, but no young hatched. Egg loss was due to predation by Arctic Foxes, Alopex lagopus. In 1974 no eggs were produced due to scarcity of food on the tundra. In 1975 and 1979, estimated mean egg production per territorial pair was 1.2 and 1.9, respectively, and young did hatch, but none of them fledged. In both these years two-thirds of overall egg and chick mortality was caused by Arctic Foxes. Survival time of clutches and young in the different breeding years was negatively correlated with the number of foxes per unit of snow-free area. High breeding success of Long-tailed Skuas in Northeast Greenland occurs only in years with moderate to high food availability, a relatively low number of foxes and early to rather early disappearance of snow cover. Chicks gained weight rapidly from the first day to 12 or 13 days after hatching, when fast growth of culmen and tarsus stopped, and growth of wing slowed down. During the first two weeks in 1975 first-hatched chicks were heavier than second-hatched chicks of the same age and single chicks were similar to first-hatched chicks. The two longest surviving chicks reached an age of 24 and 25 days, at which time they had not yet fledged. Chicks and parents showed a circadian rhythm with greatest activity during the day and a period of sleep during the night in which the sun does not set at this latitude. The female stayed closer to the young than the male, but the male provided food more frequently.
Occurrence and Variability of Crenicichla Saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Surinam, and Restriction of its Typelocality (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae)
Authors: Ploeg A.
Published: May 2019

The South American cichlid species Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) is redescribed and figured. The variability of colour pattern, and meristic and morphometric characters are recorded, based on examination of hundreds of specimens from Surinam, including the lectotype. The morphometric characters are tested on validity and discussed.
Territorial Behaviour in Crested Newt Triturus Cristatus and Marbled Newt T. Marmoratus (Amphibia, Urodela)
Authors: Zuiderwijk Annie , Sparreboom Max
Published: May 2019

Mating and premating behaviour of the Crested Newt Triturus cristatus and the Marbled Newt T. marmoratus were studied in both the natural habitat and aquaria. Attention is focussed on male interactions. During the breeding period, males occupy open spots on the bottom of a pond defending these against other males. Such defense consists of a series of display movements, usually chasing the visiting male away. The male-male display has been interpreted as territorial behaviour. Territories are usually occupied for a period of one evening or less. Male-male encounters take place more frequently than male-female encounters. The observed behaviour has characteristics of lek-breeding.
Sexual Dimorphism in Aegisthid Cephalosomic Appendages (Copepoda, Harpacticoida): A Reappraisal
Authors: Huys Rony
Published: May 2019

The cephalosomic appendages, including the rostrum, are redescribed in the bathypelagic harpacticoid Aegisthus mucronatus Giesbrecht, 1891 (Aegisthidae). Profound sexual dimorphism was found in all cephalosomic appendages. For the first time reference is made to the presence of a mandible in the male and figures are given for the male maxillula. Distinct sexual differences are also observed in the structure of the labrum and the labium. The structure and ornamentation of the male antennula clearly shows that the Aegisthidae belong to the monophyletic group Cervinioidea, including also the Rotundiclipeidae and Cerviniidae. Brief comments are made on the nature of the first pedigerous somite, the structure of the anal somite and of the caudal rami. The occurrence of sexual dimorphism in postantennular cephalosomic appendages of harpacticoids is reviewed.
A Skeleton of the Dodo Raphus Cucullatus (L.) New to Ornithology
Authors: Brom Tim G. , Prins Tineke G.
Published: May 2019

A Dodo skeleton present in the Mineralogisch-Geologisch Museum at Delft, The Netherlands, is described. This specimen has hitherto not been described in the ornithological literature.
Laophontopsis Sars and the taxonomic concept of the Normanellinae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): A revision
Authors: Huys Rony , Willems Kris A.
Published: May 2019

The taxonomic concept of the subfamily Normanellinae Lang (Harpacticoida, Laophontidae)is revised. As a result anew family Laophontopsidaeis proposed to accommodate Laophontopsis Sars and two new genera Aculeopsis and Telodocus. It is concluded that the presumed boreo-mediterranean distribution pattern displayed by the type species L. lamellifera (Claus) is merely the result of erroneous identifications. The population of northwest Europe is assigned to a new species L. borealis and another new species L. monardi is proposed for Monard’s (1928) material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. L. secundus Sewell is placed in the new genus Telodocus. Aculeopsis gen. nov. embraces only A. longisetosa spec. nov. and constitutes the most primitive genus of the family. The Laophontopsidaeare placed within the superfamily Laophontoidea. The Normanellinae are provisionally upgraded to family level despite their diphyletic status because this narrows the diagnosis of the Laophontidae considerably. The genera are attributed to two clearly defined but non-related subfamilies, Normanellinae Lang (Normanella Brady) and Cletopsyllinae subfam. nov. (Cletopsyllus Willey, Pseudocletopsyllus Vervoort). The genus Pseudocleta Lang is relegated to incertae sedis within the Laophontoidae.
First records of the genus Pseudoniphargus (Amphipoda) from Gran Canaria, with description of a new species
Authors: Sánchez Elias
Published: May 2019

A new species of Pseudoniphargus has been discovered in Gran Canaria in a spring at an altitude of 710 m a.s.l.; it has an elongate peduncle of the male uropod 3. Moreover, P. fontinalis was found in the same island; this is the first record outside Tenerife from where it was described. The biogeographical implications of these records are studied.
Hemiasterella aristoteliana n. sp. (Porifera, Hadromerida) from the Aegean Sea with a discussion on the family Hemiasterellidae
Authors: Voultsiadou-Koukoura Eleni , van Soest R.W.M.
Published: May 2019

A representative of the genus Hemiasterella Carter, 1879 was found for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea during sampling in the shallow waters of the northern Aegean Sea. The new species, H. aristoteliana, is compared with Atlantic Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928. The status of the family Hemiasterellidae is discussed.
Nonrandom variation in Poecilia marcellinoi n. sp. and P. salvatoris Regan, 1907 in El Salvador (Pisces, Poeciliidae)
Authors: Poeser Fred. N.
Published: May 2019

A new species of the genus Poecilia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 is recorded from El Salvador. Morphological and meristic data of P. marcellinoi n. sp. and of the sympatric P. salvatoris Regan, 1907 are analysed. Intra- and interspecific variation are compared and correlated with environmental and interspecific influences. A high degree of character displacement is observed in populations from stable freshwater habitats. In habitats with presumed marine influences, this character displacement is counteracted by ecological stress. Based on the evidence presented, subspecific separation of observed ecotypes from literature is rejected.
Isopoda Asellota de Turquie récoltés en 1987
Authors: Henry Jean-Paul , Magniez Guy , Notenboom Jos
Published: May 2019

Asellus aquaticus is present in 19 of about 100 Turkish groundwater stations prospected during biospeleological explorations. All specimens of these stygophilic populations remain oculate, even though their integumental pigmentation is more or less reduced.
Anchimolgus gratus n. sp. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Anchimolgidae), associated with the scleractinian coral Lithactinia novaehiberniae in New Caledonia
Authors: Humes Arthur G.
Published: May 2019

Anchimolgus gratus n. sp., associated with the fungiid coral Lithactinia novaehiberniae Lesson, 1831 in New Caledonia, is distinguished from its congeners (except A. pandus Humes, 1978) by the formula III,I,5 on the third segment of the exopod of leg 4. The new species differs from A. pandus which is much smaller and in which the female genital double-somite is as long as wide.
Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic
Authors: ASKEW RICHARD R. , PLANTARD OLIVIER , GÓMEZ JOSÉ F. , NIEVES MARIA HERNANDEZ , NIEVES-ALDREY JOSÉ LUIS
Published: May 2019

A quantitative catalogue of the regular members of the parasitoid and inquiline communities inhabiting cynipid galls of the tribes Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini in the western Palaearctic is presented. Quantitative and national data are included. There follows a checklist of the parasitoid (almost entirely Chalcidoidea) and inquiline species, with their cynipid hosts. The communities in galls of the three tribes are compared with those associated with Cynipini. Inquiline Cynipidae are well represented in Diplolepidini and Cynipini gall communities, but absent from galls of the other two tribes, although an inquiline eulophid (Dichatomus) develops in galls of Pediaspidini. The great majority of the parasitoids encountered belong to six families of Chalcidoidea that are all represented in Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Cynipini communities, except Ormyridae which have not been found in Pediaspidini galls. Representation of the chalcidoid families varies in the parasitoid faunas of different cynipid tribes, with species of Eurytomidae most abundant in Aylacini galls, Torymidae in Diplolepidini galls, Eupelmidae in Pediaspidini galls and Eulophidae in Cynipini galls. Pteromalidae are evenly represented in galls of all tribes. With the exception of Eupelmidae, which are mostly very polyphagous, few parasitoid species are regularly associated with more than a single tribe of Cynipidae. However, examples of parasitoid species attacking gall wasps in the ‘wrong’ tribes are not rare. While species diversities of the parasitoid communities of Cynipini are high, those of Aylacini are relatively low. The varied nature of galls of Cynipini, all on Quercus, creates a multiplicity of niches for the parasitoids, and these are mostly polyphagous attacking hosts in a range of galls. In contrast, galls of Aylacini present much less structural diversity, but they occur on several genera and families of host plant, and their parasitoids are, in general, less polyphagous and restricted to hosts on a more or less taxonomically limited host plant range.
Discovery of the genus Micropeneta Pic in China, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Gnathidiini)
Authors: LI BO-YAN , JIANG RI-XIN
Published: May 2019

The tenebrionid genus Micropeneta, Pic 1921 is recorded from China for the first time. A new species, Micropeneta qilin Li & Jiang sp. n., is described, figured and compared with its congeners. Habitat information and collection data of the new species are given.
Spatially Continuous Characterization of Forest Canopy Structure and Subcanopy Irradiance Derived from Handheld Radiometer Surveys
Authors: Mazzotti Giulia , Malle Johanna , Barr Sarah , Jonas Tobias
Published: May 2019

Small-scale variations in radiative transfer through forest canopies are strongly linked to canopy structural heterogeneity. To date, upscaling of radiative transfer parameterizations developed at the point scale is hampered by (i) poor representation of canopy structure variability and (ii) limited spatially explicit subcanopy irradiance data to assess the performance of radiative transfer schemes at typical resolutions of land surface models. This study presents a novel approach for efficient in situ characterization of canopy structure and subcanopy irradiance over large spatial extents. The method involves a handheld radiometer assembly mounted on a motorized gimbal developed for nonstationary continuous measurements of shortwave and longwave radiation along forest transects. In combination with radiation and temperature data from a stationary reference station, spatially resolved estimates of sky-view fraction, canopy transmissivity, and longwave enhancement could be obtained. Under favorable meteorological conditions, validation against sky-view fraction data from hemispherical photographs yielded an RMSE of 0.03 (i.e., 3%). Irradiance measurements under heterogeneous canopy cover revealed strong spatial coherence between longwave radiation enhancement, shortwave radiation attenuation, and sky-view fraction on overcast days. Under clear-sky conditions, however, sun flecks caused highly variable shortwave radiation transmissivity patterns. This study demonstrates the potential of handheld radiometer surveys to deliver valuable spatially distributed datasets of collocated canopy structure and subcanopy irradiance which can be used (i) as reference data for alternative approaches to derive canopy structure parameters, (ii) to improve modeling of subcanopy radiation across a wide range of canopy distributions, and (iii) to support respective model upscaling efforts.
Uncertainty Quantification of Density and Stratification Estimates with Implications for Predicting Ocean Dynamics
Authors: Manderson A. , Rayson M. D. , Cripps E. , Girolami M. , Gosling J. P. , Hodkiewicz M. , Ivey G. N. , Jones N. L.
Published: May 2019

We present a statistical method for reconstructing continuous background density profiles that embeds incomplete measurements and a physically intuitive density stratification model within a Bayesian hierarchal framework. A double hyperbolic tangent function is used as a parametric density stratification model that captures various pycnocline structures in the upper ocean and offers insight into several density profile characteristics (e.g., pycnocline depth). The posterior distribution is used to quantify uncertainty and is estimated using recent advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Temporally evolving posterior distributions of density profile characteristics, isopycnal heights, and nonlinear ocean process models for internal gravity waves are presented as examples of how uncertainty propagates through models dependent on the density stratification. The results show 0.95 posterior interval widths that ranged from 2.5% to 4% of the expected values for the linear internal wave phase speed and 15%–40% for the nonlinear internal wave steepening parameter. The data, collected over a year from a through-the-column mooring, and code, implemented in the software package Stan, accompany the article.