bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of polyoxymethylene (POM-H Delrin) off-gassing within the Pandora head sensor on direct-sun and multi-axis formaldehyde column measurements in 2016–2019
Authors: Spinei Elena , Tiefengraber Martin , Müller Moritz , Gebetsberger Manuel , Cede Alexander , Valin Luke , Szykman James , Whitehill Andrew , Kotsakis Alexander , Santos Fernando , Abbuhasan Nader , Zhao Xiaoyi , Fioletov Vitali , Lee Sum Chi , Swap Robert
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Analysis of formaldehyde measurements by the Pandora spectrometer systems between 2016 and 2019 suggested that there was a temperature-dependent process inside the Pandora head sensor that emitted formaldehyde. Some parts in the head sensor were manufactured from the thermal plastic polyoxymethylene homopolymer (E.I. Du Pont de Nemour & Co., USA; POM-H Delrin®) and were responsible for formaldehyde production. Laboratory analysis of the four Pandora head sensors showed that internal formaldehyde production had exponential temperature dependence with a damping coefficient of 0.0911±0.0024 ∘C−1 and the exponential function amplitude ranging from 0.0041 to 0.049 DU. No apparent dependency on the head sensor age and heating and cooling rates was detected. The total amount of formaldehyde internally generated by the POM-H Delrin components and contributing to the direct-sun measurements were estimated based on the head sensor temperature and solar zenith angle of the measurements. Measurements in winter, during colder (< 10 ∘C) days in general, and at high solar zenith angles (> 75∘) were minimally impacted. Measurements during hot days (> 28 ∘C) and small solar zenith angles had up to 1 DU
(2.69×1016 molec. cm−2) contribution from POM-H Delrin parts. Multi-axis differential slant column densities were minimally impacted (<0.01 DU) due to the reference spectrum being collected within a short time period with a small difference in head sensor temperature. Three new POM-H Delrin free Pandora head sensors (manufactured in summer 2019) were evaluated for temperature-dependent attenuation across the entire spectral range (300 to 530 nm). No formaldehyde absorption or any other absorption above the instrumental noise was observed across the entire spectral range.
Vlasov simulation of electrons in the context of hybrid global models: an eVlasiator approach
Authors: Battarbee Markus , Brito Thiago , Alho Markku , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Grandin Maxime , Ganse Urs , Papadakis Konstantinos , Johlander Andreas , Turc Lucile , Dubart Maxime , Palmroth Minna
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Modern investigations of dynamical space plasma systems such as magnetically complicated topologies within the Earth's magnetosphere make great use of supercomputer models as well as spacecraft observations. Space plasma simulations can be used to investigate energy transfer, acceleration, and plasma flows on both global and local scales. Simulation of global magnetospheric dynamics requires spatial and temporal scales currently achievable through magnetohydrodynamics or hybrid-kinetic simulations, which approximate electron dynamics as a charge-neutralizing fluid. We introduce a novel method for Vlasov-simulating electrons in the context of a hybrid-kinetic framework in order to examine the energization processes of magnetospheric electrons. Our extension of the Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasov code utilizes the global simulation dynamics of the hybrid method whilst modelling snapshots of electron dynamics on global spatial scales and temporal scales suitable for electron physics. Our eVlasiator model is shown to be stable both for single-cell and small-scale domains, and the solver successfully models Langmuir waves and Bernstein modes. We simulate a small test-case section of the near-Earth magnetotail plasma sheet region, reproducing a number of electron distribution function features found in spacecraft measurements.
Nitrate assimilation and regeneration in the Barents Sea: insights from nitrate isotopes
Authors: Tuerena Robyn E. , Hopkins Joanne , Ganeshram Raja S. , Norman Louisa , de la Vega Camille , Jeffreys Rachel , Mahaffey Claire
Published: January 2021

Abstract. While the entire Arctic Ocean is warming rapidly, the
Barents Sea in particular is experiencing significant warming and sea ice
retreat. An increase in ocean heat transport from the Atlantic is causing
the Barents Sea to be transformed from a cold, salinity-stratified system
into a warmer, less-stratified Atlantic-dominated climate regime.
Productivity in the Barents Sea shelf is fuelled by waters of Atlantic
origin (AW) which are ultimately exported to the Arctic Basin. The
consequences of this current regime shift on the nutrient characteristics of
the Barents Sea are poorly defined. Here we use the stable isotopic ratios
of nitrate (δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3) to determine the
uptake and modification of AW nutrients in the Barents Sea. In summer
months, phytoplankton consume nitrate, surface waters become nitrate
depleted, and particulate nitrogen (δ15N-PN) reflects the AW
nitrate source. The ammonification of organic matter in shallow sediments
resupplies N to the water column and replenishes the nitrate inventory for
the following season. Low δ18O-NO3 in the northern Barents Sea
reveals that the nitrate in lower-temperature Arctic waters is > 80 % regenerated through seasonal nitrification. During on-shelf nutrient
uptake and regeneration, there is no significant change to δ15N-NO3 or N*, suggesting that benthic denitrification does not impart an
isotopic imprint on pelagic nitrate. Our results demonstrate that the
Barents Sea is distinct from other Arctic shelves where benthic
denitrification enriches δ15N-NO3 and decreases N*. As
nutrients are efficiently recycled in the Barents Sea and there is no
significant loss of N through benthic denitrification, changes to Barents
Sea productivity are unlikely to alter N availability on shelf or the
magnitude of N advected to the central Arctic Basin. However, we suggest
that the AW nutrient source ultimately determines Barents Sea productivity
and that changes to AW delivery have the potential to alter Barents Sea primary
production and subsequent nutrient supply to the central Arctic Ocean.
Observations of the downwelling far-infrared atmospheric emission at the Zugspitze observatory
Authors: Palchetti Luca , Barucci Marco , Belotti Claudio , Bianchini Giovanni , Cluzet Bertrand , D'Amato Francesco , Del Bianco Samuele , Di Natale Gianluca , Gai Marco , Khordakova Dina , Montori Alessio , Oetjen Hilke , Rettinger Markus , Rolf Christian , Schuettemeyer Dirk , Sussmann Ralf , Viciani Silvia , Vogelmann Hannes , Wienhold Frank Gunther
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Measurements of the spectrum of the atmospheric emission in the far-infrared (FIR) range, between 100 and 667 cm−1 (100–15 micron), are scarce because of the detection complexity and of the strong absorption of air at ground level, preventing the sounding of the FIR from low altitude. Consequently, FIR measurements need to be made from high-altitude sites or on board airborne platforms or satellites. This paper describes the dataset of FIR spectral radiances of the atmosphere and snow surface emission, measured in the 100–1000 cm−1 range by the Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) instrument, during a 2-month campaign carried out from ground at 3000 m of altitude, on the top of Mount Zugspitze in the German Alps, in 2018–2019. This campaign is part of the preparatory activity of a new space FIR mission, named Far-infrared-Outgoing-Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM), which is under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). The dataset acquired during the campaign also includes all the additional measurements needed to provide a full characterisation of the observed atmospheric state and the local atmospheric and surface conditions. It includes co-located spectral measurements in the infrared range from 400 to 1800 cm−1; lidar backscatter profiles; radiosoundings of temperature, humidity and aerosol backscatter profiles; local weather parameters; and snow/ice microphysical properties. These measurements provide a unique dataset that can be used to perform radiative closure experiments to improve modelling parameters that in the FIR are not well characterised, such as water vapour spectroscopy, scattering properties of cirrus clouds and the FIR emissivity of the surface covered by snow. The consolidated dataset is freely available via the ESA campaign dataset website at https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-38034ee.
Precise water level measurements using low-cost GNSS antenna arrays
Authors: Purnell David J. , Gomez Natalya , Minarik William , Porter David , Langston Gregory
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We have developed a ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique for monitoring water levels with a comparable precision to standard tide gauges (e.g., pressure transducers) but at a fraction of the cost and using commercial products that are straightforward to assemble. As opposed to using geodetic-standard antennas that have been used in previous GNSS-R literature, we use multiple co-located low-cost antennas to retrieve water levels via inverse modelling of Signal-to-Noise ratio data. The low-cost antennas are advantageous over geodetic-standard antennas because they are much less expensive (even when using multiple antennas in the same location) and they can be used for GNSS-R analysis over a greater range of satellite elevation angles. We validate our technique using arrays of four antennas at three test sites with variable tidal forcing and co-located operational tide gauges. The root mean square error between the GNSS-R and tide gauge measurements ranges from 0.7–1.2 cm when using all four antennas at each site. We find that using four antennas instead of a single antenna improves the precision by 30–50 % and preliminary analysis suggests that four appears to be the optimum number of co-located antennas. In order to obtain precise measurements, we find that it is important for the antennas to track GPS, GLONASS and Galileo satellites over a wide range of azimuth angles (at least 140 degrees) and elevation angles (at least 30 degrees).
Improving the representation of cropland sites in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 5.0
Authors: Boas Theresa , Bogena Heye , Grünwald Thomas , Heinesch Bernard , Ryu Dongryeol , Schmidt Marius , Vereecken Harry , Western Andrew , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The incorporation of a comprehensive crop module in land
surface models offers the possibility to study the effect of agricultural
land use and land management changes on the terrestrial water, energy, and
biogeochemical cycles. It may help to improve the simulation of
biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes on regional and global scales in
the framework of climate and land use change. In this study, the performance
of the crop module of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) was
evaluated at point scale with site-specific field data focusing on the
simulation of seasonal and inter-annual variations in crop growth, planting
and harvesting cycles, and crop yields, as well as water, energy, and carbon
fluxes. In order to better represent agricultural sites, the model was
modified by (1) implementing the winter wheat subroutines following Lu et al. (2017) in CLM5; (2) implementing plant-specific parameters for sugar beet,
potatoes, and winter wheat, thereby adding the two crop functional types
(CFTs) for sugar beet and potatoes to the list of actively managed crops in
CLM5; and (3) introducing a cover-cropping subroutine that allows multiple crop
types on the same column within 1 year. The latter modification allows the
simulation of cropping during winter months before usual cash crop planting
begins in spring, which is an agricultural management technique with a long
history that is regaining popularity as it reduces erosion and improves soil
health and carbon storage and is commonly used in the regions evaluated in
this study. We compared simulation results with field data and found that
both the new crop-specific parameterization and the winter wheat
subroutines led to a significant simulation improvement in terms of energy
fluxes (root-mean-square error, RMSE, reduction for latent and sensible heat by up to 57 % and 59 %, respectively), leaf area index (LAI), net ecosystem exchange, and crop
yield (up to 87 % improvement in winter wheat yield prediction) compared
with default model results. The cover-cropping subroutine yielded a
substantial improvement in representation of field conditions after harvest
of the main cash crop (winter season) in terms of LAI magnitudes,
seasonal cycle of LAI, and latent heat flux (reduction of wintertime RMSE
for latent heat flux by 42 %). Our modifications significantly improved
model simulations and should therefore be applied in future studies with
CLM5 to improve regional yield predictions and to better understand
large-scale impacts of agricultural management on carbon, water, and energy
fluxes.
Progressive water deficits during multiyear droughts in basins with long hydrological memory in Chile
Authors: Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Boisier Juan Pablo , Garreaud René , Seibert Jan , Vis Marc
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A decade-long (2010–2020) period with precipitation deficits in central–south Chile (30–41∘ S), the so-called megadrought (MD), has led to streamflow depletions of larger amplitude than expected from precipitation anomalies, indicating an intensification in drought propagation. We analysed the catchment characteristics and runoff mechanisms modulating such intensification by using the CAMELS-CL dataset and simulations from the HBV hydrological model. We compared annual precipitation–runoff (P–R) relationships before and during the MD across 106 basins with varying snow-/rainfall regimes and identified those catchments where drought propagation was intensified. Our results show that catchments' hydrological memory – modulated by snow and groundwater – is a key control of drought propagation. Snow-dominated catchments (30–35∘ S) feature larger groundwater contribution to streamflow than pluvial basins, which we relate to the infiltration of snowmelt over the Western Andean Front. This leads to longer memory in these basins, represented by a significative correlation between autumn streamflow (when snow has already melted) and the precipitation from the preceding year. Hence, under persistent drought conditions, snow-dominated catchments accumulate the effects of precipitation deficits and progressively generate less water, compared with their historical behaviour, notably affecting central Chile, a region with limited water supply and which concentrates most of the country's population and water demands. Finally, we addressed a general question: what is worse – an extreme single-year drought or a persistent moderate drought? In snow-dominated basins, where water provision strongly depends on both the current and previous precipitation seasons, an extreme drought induces larger absolute streamflow deficits; however persistent deficits induce a more intensified propagation of the meteorological drought. Hence, the worst scenario would be an extreme meteorological drought following consecutive years of precipitation below average, as occurred in 2019. In pluvial basins of southern Chile
(35–41∘ S), hydrologic memory is still an important factor, but water supply is more strongly dependant on the meteorological conditions of the current year, and therefore an extreme drought would have a higher impact on water supply than a persistent but moderate drought.
Sensing Earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: an urban experiment in Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Zhu Tieyuan , Shen Junzhu , Martin Eileen R.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earth's near surface (top 100 m),
especially with improved resolution and extent of data both in space and
time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme-weather
events (e.g., flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earth's surface
and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring,
especially in urban areas, remains challenging. We describe the Fiber Optic
foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, USA, the first
continuous-monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the
eastern USA. This array is made up of nearly 5 km of pre-existing dark
telecommunication fiber underneath the Pennsylvania State University
campus. A major thrust of this experiment is the study of urban geohazard and
hydrological systems through near-surface seismic monitoring. Here we detail
the FORESEE experiment deployment and instrument calibration, and describe
multiple observations of seismic sources in the first year. We calibrate the
array by comparison to earthquake data from a nearby seismometer and to
active-source geophone data. We observed a wide variety of seismic signatures
in our DAS recordings: natural events (earthquakes and thunderstorms) and
anthropogenic events (mining blasts, vehicles, music concerts and walking
steps). Preliminary analysis of these signals suggests DAS has the capability
to sense broadband vibrations and discriminate between seismic signatures of
different quakes and anthropogenic sources. With the success of collecting
1 year of continuous DAS recordings, we conclude that DAS along with
telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous
near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.
Recent Publications
Authors: Hill Benjamin
Published: January 2021

A list 173 works related to Locke, published during late 2019 and 2020.
AS SIGNIFICAÇÕES DE ALUNOS COM DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM SOBRE ENSINAR E APRENDER NA ESCOLA
Authors: Miyabe Denise , Toscano Carlos
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo discute os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa em andamento. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma turma do 3º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Londrina/PR e teve como objetivo revelar e compreender as significações dos alunos produzidas no e sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, fez-se uso de  observação direta em sala de aula e de entrevistas para coletar dados e sua análise, com base na perspectiva histórico-cultural, pautou-se nas concepções de linguagem de Vigotski e Bakhtin e nas análises feitas por Lahire e Charlot sobre o sucesso e o fracasso escolar. Como resultado,  constatou-se que as significações das crianças a respeito de si e do ensinar e aprender são construídas e ressignificadas no próprio processo de ensino-aprendizagem e os fatores intervenientes nesse processo foram: a mediação pedagógica, as condições de trabalho e a mobilização dos alunos.
The sustainability of rice farming practices in Tidal swamplands of South Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Purba Khairul Fahmi , Yazid Muhammad , Hasmeda Mery , Adriani Dessy , Tafarini Meitry Firdha
Published: January 2021

Tidal swamplands are considered the national food security platform in Indonesia. Residues from the excessive chemical input used in the rice production affecting the environment, farmers’ health, and the safety of the product. Similarly, one can expect that excessive chemical use in tidal swamplands can also threaten rice production system sustainability. This study aimed to assess and identify factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices in tidal swamplands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. A survey was carried out to obtain information through direct interviews with 150 farmers in Muara Telang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Indonesia rice check was employed as indicators to assess the sustainability of rice farming practices in tidal swamplands. A percentage index was to categorize the sustainability status. A regression analysis with the Tobit model was applied to identify factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices. The result showed that the average sustainability index was 25.53%. It indicated rice farming practices in tidal swamplands tend to be unsustainable. The significant factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices were farmer’s education and household size. A policy recommendation is proposed to enhance the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices by the rice farmers in tidal swamplands.
The influence of cavitation effects on the purification processes of beet sugar production juices
Authors: Zheplinska Marija , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Vasyliv Volodymyr , Sarana Viktor , Gudzenko Maxim , Slobodyanyuk Natalia , Kuts Anatolii , Tkachenko Serhii , Mukoid Roman
Published: January 2021

In the juices of sugar beet, the viscosity of the produced viscosity is determined. They contain sugars and non-sugary compounds. If they are in the form of associated or complex compounds, then when their state changes. Well under the action of external factors or at their removal from a solution it is obligatory. Its rheological properties will also change. Therefore, with the help of determining the viscosity, it is possible to conclude the complex processes that take place in juices under the action of the effects of vapor condensation cavitation, namely: the force between Leculiary bonds, the size of molecules, and the length of chemical bonds, etc. The paper presents studies of the influence of vapor-condensation cavitation effects on the change of such rheological properties of cell and diffusion juice as viscosity and surface tension. The viscosity of the steam-treated juice is affected by complex transformational changes that occur with the associated compounds under the effects of vapor-condensation cavitation, which leads to their destruction and this leads to a decrease in their molecular weight and changes in concentration. Studies have shown that with increasing steam consumption for juice processing in the range of 0 – 1.5% by weight of juice the upper tension increases. Such legitimacy is also an indirect confirmation of the processes of destruction of the association. important compounds of diffusion juice under the influence of the effects of steam condensation cavitation.
The influence of yeast extract and jasmonic acid on phenolic acids content of in vitro hairy root cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus
Authors: Smetanska Iryna , Tonkha Oksana , Patyka Tetjana , Hunaefi Dase , Mamdouh Diaa , Patyka Mуkola , Bukin Anatolyi , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Slobodyanyuk Natalia , Omelian Alina
Published: January 2021

Phenolic acids represent a big group of plant secondary metabolites that can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Obtaining phenolic acids from the plant in vitro cultures provide an attractive alternative to produce high-value plant-derived products. The impact of yeast extract and jasmonic acid on the induction of defense responses and consequently the production of phenolic acids in vitro hairy root cultures of  O. aristatus have been investigated.  Treatment of O. aristatus cultures with jasmonic acid caused accumulation of 12.98 mg.g-1 DW of phenolic acids, elicitation with yeast extract resulted in the highest amount of phenolic acids, particularly in 17.99 mg.g-1 DW as compared to 4.03 mg.g-1 DW for the non-treated cultures. Individual phenolic acids showed a different response to elicitation. Particularly rosmarinic acid content on the control plot reached 2.89 mg.g-1 DW, while after the treatment with jasmonic acid is increased to 10.84 mg.g-1 DW and after yeast application, it was 14.31 mg.g-1 DW. Also, caffeic acid content increased until 0.75 and 2.01 mg.g-1 DW after application of jasmonic acid and yeast extract, while at the control plot its concentration was 0.58 mg.g-1 DW. Application of yeast extract influenced synthesis of phenolic acids in vitro cultures of O. aristatus stronger as jasmonic acid treatment.
University Graduates’ Assessment of the Relevance of the Curriculum to the Labor Market in the Philippines
Authors: Toquero Cathy Mae D. , Ulanday Diane Mae P.
Published: January 2021

A university with a relevant curriculum offers authentic practical work experience integrated in the subjects to capacitate the graduates to be job-ready to meet the demands of employers in the industry. In contrast, the graduates are confronted with numerous difficulties in finding a job with their acquired that lacks the required skills from degree curriculum. Based on graduates' self assessment report, this study described the match of the educational qualifications and relevance of the curriculum of the graduates to their current employment. A survey research design was used to gather the self-evaluated responses of 1761 individuals who graduated during 2012 to 2017 from the seven colleges of Mindanao State University-General Santos City (MSU-GSC), Philippines. Questionnaires were distributed for data collection through face-to-face and online data gathering. Results revealed that the supply of graduates’ educational skills are highly matched with the skills demanded by the industry and that the curriculum is responsive to the present employment. This research gives implications on academic and economic policies. The university needs to anchor the curriculum evaluation measures to test the graduates’ employability based on a competence model anchored in real-world work settings. The study highlights to conduct a tracer study across the university with a focus on the job-specific skills of the graduates as per degree specialization and evaluate each specific major course based on the prospectus of the program to align MSU-GSC’s course offerings to the needs of the industry.
Chain Reduction via Substitution: Evidence from Mayan
Authors: Mendes Gesoel , Ranero Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

We argue that deletion is not the only way that chain links created by A′-movement can be affected at PF. Chain links can also be substituted by a morpheme. This substitution delivers a linearizable output (in a manner parallel to deletion), creating overt “traces” on the surface. We demonstrate the virtues of our proposal through the empirical lens of adjunct extraction in two Mayan languages of the K’ichean branch: K’iche’ and Kaqchikel. In these languages, extraction of low adjuncts triggers the appearance of a verbal enclitic wi. The distribution of the enclitic upon long distance extraction shows that it must be analyzed as a surface reflex of substitution of a chain link. Our proposal provides evidence that movement proceeds successive cyclically and has two additional theoretical consequences: (i) C0 must be a phase head (contra den Dikken 2009; 2017), (ii) v0 cannot be a phase head (in line with Keine 2017).
The Proof of Economic Welfare Is in the Eating of Nutritious Diets by the Resource-Poor: A Political Economy Analysis of the International Evidence of Dietary Consumption in Rural Africa
Authors: Salifu Gamel Abdul-Nasser
Published: January 2021

This paper provides a summary of the international literature published in the thematic area of household dietary diversity with emphasis on the importance of sustainable approaches to global hunger and malnutrition. The paper highlights the correlation between inadequate household dietary diversity, child mortality and death. It also draws attention to the subtle combinations of social, economic and political interactions in enhancing nutritional welfare. The paper further raises a major argument that contemporary explorations of dietary diversity have failed to sustain the important tension and dialectical debate between diverse empirical realities and wider theorization of the concrete linkage of economic welfare to dietary diversity. The paper sets the tone for wider conceptualization of the phenomenon by clearly outlining the role of multiple relations of low incomes, inadequate maternal-child health care as well as poor environmental sanitation as leading predicators of under-nutrition in rural Africa. This theorization makes the case that, studying the relations and conjunctions of economic welfare via the agency of dietary consumption, is critical for emergent processes of change as the given-evidence of under-nutrition does not allow economists to draw solid conclusions on status of dietary diversity in rural Africa without a dynamic understanding and explicit recognition of the wider abstractions of political economy undercurrents in economic welfare and nutritional well-being literature. That said, the paper re-affirms the subtle evidence that under-nutrition and reduced body-mass of adults, often cited in the development literature as proxy-indicators of poor dietary diversity, needs to be re-evaluated as reduced body-mass in adults could be an indication of other incidences of environmental-stresses rather than of food-energy stress. In this vein, the review sustains a new argument that, resource-poor households modify attitude to food consumption in order to self-protect against income losses in household production systems. This position has implications for economic welfare and nutritional diversity research as food may not always come first for the resource-poor. It also opens new avenues for economic research by projecting the hypothesis that consumption of nutritious diets cannot be seen as a unique object to be sought by resource-poor to the exclusion of all other priorities including raising income frontiers through savings for wealth accumulation. The pre-eminence of food security over income diversification activities of rural households as a broader strategy to reduce malnutrition and poverty in the developing world could be re-examined to give livelihood activities a central role in household dietary diversity research.
Samenvatting expertmeeting CCRA over HR 14 december 2018: omgang in het kader van een ondertoezichtstelling
Authors: Laterveer B.
Published: January 2021

Samenvatting expertmeeting CCRA over HR 14 december 2018: omgang in het kader van een ondertoezichtstelling

Op dinsdag 10 december 2019 heeft het ‘Centre for Children’s Rights Amsterdam’ (CCRA) een bijeenkomst georganiseerd met verschillende experts uit de praktijk om te spreken over de gevolgen van de uitspraak van de Hoge Raad van 14 december 2018 (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:2321) voor de (rechts)praktijk, welke beslissing de gemoederen blijft bezighouden. Wat de bijeenkomst onder meer bijzonder maakte, was het feit dat raadsheer mr. C.E. (Edgar) Du Perron van de Hoge Raad (op persoonlijke titel) aanwezig was. Hij maakte deel uit van de samenstelling die de beslissing heeft gegeven.
Literature and the Turn of the Century
Authors: Czardybon Marcin
Published: January 2021

The introductory article discusses issues connected with the impact that transitional moments
such as the turns of the century have on the ways people situate themselves in relation to the reality.
An overview of the journals contents is also presented.
The Formation of Occultist Identities Amidst the Theosophy and Socialism of fin-de-siècle France
Authors: Strube Julian
Published: January 2021

Fin-de-siècle occultism is usually analyzed within the context of the „occult revival” that implies the modernization of the older esoteric tradition. However, this notion is rooted in the defi ning esoteric discourses at the end of the nineteenth century. This article discusses two major aspects of these discourses. First, French esotericists polemically distanced themselves from the „Eastern” esotericism of the Theosophical Society by constructing an ésotérisme occidental. This separation of „East” and „West” occurred as a reaction to the T.S., and should thus be seen as a „nationalist” response to a global phenomenon. The second major aspect of occultist identity formations is socialism. Fin-de-siècle occultists were deeply interested in the socialist theories formulated during the July Monarchy but ambiguously distanced themselves from contemporary „materialist” socialisms.
Eliza Orzeszkowa Among Positivist Writers from the Perspective of Warsaw. Leopold Méyet’s Letters to Eliza Orzeszkowa
Authors: Bordzoł Piotr
Published: January 2021

The article discusses Leopold Méyet’s selected letters to Eliza Orzeszkowa from the period 1878–1910. The original manuscripts are kept in the Eliza Orzeszkowa Archive in the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Leopold Méyet was an attorney, writer, publisher, social activist and philanthropist of Jewish descent, and he lived in Warsaw in the second half of the nineteenth century. Orzeszkowa then resided in Grodno. Méyet’s letters do not represent a high literary quality, and should rather be considered as a collection of personal details about the author and the addressee, recounting his efforts to publish Orzeszkowa’s works or his struggles with the Russian administration and censorship. Méyet also portrays the people of his time, looks at the social and political events and discusses the significance of literature or the status of a writer. A specific concern of some of the letters is Orzeszkowa’s place in Polish literature toward the end of the nineteenth century.
The Kremlin’s strategic narratives on the Baltic states during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Sazonov Vladimir , Mölder Holger
Published: January 2021

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Bilim Felsefesi Bilim Pratiğinden Ne Öğrenebilir?
Authors: Çevik A. Dinçer ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Dünya’da bilim felsefesi çalışmaları büyük oranda “bilim pratiğini” odak noktası haline getirmişken, Türkiye’de zaten çok fazla ilgi görmeyen bilim felsefesi çalışmaları henüz bu değişimi yakalayamamıştır; Türkiye’deki bilim felsefesi çalışmaları daha çok bilim felsefesi tarihi veya bilim tarihi olarak adlandırılabilir. Pratik odaklı bilim felsefesine göre bilimi anlamak için analiz ve kavramların anlamlarını açıklama çabaları gerekli olsa da bu tek başına yeterli değildir. Bilim insanlarının çalışma pratiğini belli bir amaç doğrultusunda, tercihen, felsefecilerin dışarıdan dayattıkları ile değil bilim insanlarının kendileri tarafından belirlenen bir amaç doğrultusunda incelemeleri daha anlamlıdır. Bu makalede bilim felsefesi ve bilim pratiği arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiyi durum çalışmalarından hareketle inceleyerek ana akım bilim felsefesi yerine bilim pratiğini odağa alan yaklaşımın doğru şekilde kavrandığında yöntem olarak bilim felsefesinin normatif/betimleyici ikileminden bağımsız şekilde ele alınabilmesinin yollarını göstermesi açısından daha verimli olduğunu iddia ediyorum.
The Significance of Time, Being and Transcendence on the Road to the Heideggerian Authentic Self
Authors: Çifteci Volkan ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

This paper attempts to reveal the meaning of Heideggerian self on the basis of time. In the course of this, it examines Heidegger’s following terms: time, the self, the world and Being. In the present paper, the notions of anxiety, death, the call, freedom, transcendence, resolution and temporality (time) constitute a frame for articulating the meaning of the authenticity of Dasein. The road to the authentic self is challenging since it is not something already given; rather, the self is something to be accomplished. Dasein must accomplish it by making life its own. To achieve this, the elaboration of the meaning of “the Being of beings” in the exploration of Dasein must be the first step. For it is Dasein who can give an answer to the question of the meaning of “Being”.
Checklist and a new species of Lippia (Verbenaceae) from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Henrique , Menini Neto Luiz , Trovó Marcelo , Salimena Fátima Regina Gonçalves
Published: January 2021

The Diamantina Plateau is located in the central region of the Espinhaço Range, in the State of Minas Gerais, which is dominated by campo rupestre formations. We describe a new species of Lippia L., endemic to the Diamantina Plateau, and provide an annotated checklist and identification key for the 17 species of the genus occurring in the area. Lippia raoniana P.H.Cardoso & Salimena sp. nov. is mainly distinguished by its ovate leaves with adaxial and abaxial surfaces densely covered by sessile glandular trichomes, and drupaceous fruits with two pyrenes. It is known only from two populations, and thus can be provisionally considered as Critically Endangered. Details on the species’ ecology, as well as a comparison with morphologically similar species, a distribution map, and field photographs, are provided. In this work, we also present pictures of the 17 species in their habitats, and we hope that these illustrations will help in the identification and conservation of these taxa.
The Travelling of Dramatic Texts and Memory Patterns
Authors: Kruuspere Piret
Published: January 2021

The article discusses Estonian memory theatre in the 1970s–90s and at the beginning of the twenty-first century in the framework of transnational/transcultural influences. Dwelling on Jeanette R. Malkin’s definition of memory theatre as a theatre that both imitates the flow of memories and initiates the process of remembrance, and relying on the concepts of transnational and transcultural memory, I analyze the dramatic texts of Estonian playwrights Rein Saluri and Madis Kõiv, likewise the works of female stage director Merle Karusoo. I focus on the phenomenon of travelling memory, introduced by scholar of literature and culture, Astrid Erll, and engage a comparative approach to the texts and stage interpretations. Through the media of texts and mnemonic forms in motion and on the basis of particular case studies, I examine how stories/narratives, memory patterns, and mnemonic practices have crossed cultural borderlines and been performed on different (Estonian, Finnish, Estonian-Russian, Austrian) stages, and how they have primarily launched hidden or blurred memories.
The rise and fall of the ancient northern pike master sex-determining gene
Authors: Pan Qiaowei , Feron Romain , Jouanno Elodie , Darras Hugo , Herpin Amaury , Koop Ben , Rondeau Eric , Goetz Frederick W , Larson Wesley A , Bernatchez Louis , Tringali Mike , Curran Stephen S , Saillant Eric , Denys Gael PJ , von Hippel Frank A , Chen Songlin , López J Andrés , Verreycken Hugo , Ocalewicz Konrad , Guyomard Rene , Eche Camille , Lluch Jerome , Roques Celine , Hu Hongxia , Tabor Roger , DeHaan Patrick , Nichols Krista M , Journot Laurent , Parrinello Hugues , Klopp Christophe , Interesova Elena A , Trifonov Vladimir , Schartl Manfred , Postlethwait John , Guiguen Yann
Published: January 2021

The understanding of the evolution of variable sex determination mechanisms across taxa requires comparative studies among closely related species. Following the fate of a known master sex-determining gene, we traced the evolution of sex determination in an entire teleost order (Esociformes). We discovered that the northern pike (Esox lucius) master sex-determining gene originated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication event and that it remained sex linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years in multiple species. We identified several independent species- or population-specific sex determination transitions, including a recent loss of a Y chromosome. These findings highlight the diversity of evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and the importance of population demographic history in sex determination studies. We hypothesize that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.
Loss of a co-twin at birth and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Song Huan , Fang Fang , Larsson Henrik , Pedersen Nancy L , Magnusson Patrik KE , Almqvist Catarina , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A
Published: January 2021

Twins suffering a co-twin loss at birth have reported feelings of loneliness and grief while it remains unexplored if they suffer increased risk of psychiatric disorders. We contrasted rate of first-onset psychiatric disorders among all Swedish-born twins whose co-twin died within 60 days after birth between 1973 and 2011 (n = 787) to that of 3935 matched unexposed twins, 3935 matched singletons (both matched to the exposed twins by birth year, sex, and birth characteristics), and 880 full siblings of the exposed twins. During a median of 19-year follow-up, exposed twins were at increased risk of first-onset psychiatric disorders (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95%CI 1.30–1.87) compared with unexposed twins. We observed the strongest association for emotional disorders and for psychiatric disorders diagnosed before the age of 25. Comparisons with matched singletons and the twin’s full siblings rendered similar results, corroborating an association of loss of a co-twin at birth with subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders.
Cytoplasmic chromatin fragments—from mechanisms to therapeutic potential
Authors: Miller Karl N , Dasgupta Nirmalya , Liu Tianhui , Adams Peter D , Vizioli Maria Grazia
Published: January 2021

Senescent cells, damaged cells that permanently exit the cell cycle, play important roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Although many of these roles are beneficial in acute responses to stress and damage, the persistent accumulation of senescent cells is associated with many chronic diseases through their proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP expression is linked to DNA damage; however, the mechanisms that control the SASP are incompletely understood. More recently, it has been shown that senescent cells shed fragments of nuclear chromatin into the cytoplasm, so called cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF). Here, we provide an overview of the current evidence linking DNA damage to the SASP through the formation of CCF. We describe mechanisms of CCF generation and their functional role in senescent cells, with emphasis on therapeutic potential.
Steganography in color images with random order of pixel selection and encrypted text message embedding
Authors: Kordov Krasimir , Zhelezov Stanimir
Published: January 2021

Information security is major concern in modern digital ages, and the outdated algorithms need to be replaced with new ones or to be improved. In this article a new approach for hiding secret text message in color images is presented, combining steganography and cryptography. The location and the order of the image pixels chosen for information embedding are randomly selected using chaotic pseudo-random generator. Encrypting the secret message before embedding is another level of security designed to misguide the attackers in case of analyzing for traces of steganography. Evaluating the proposed stegoalgorithm. The standard statistical and empirical tests are used for randomness tests, key-space analysis, key-sensitivity analysis, visual analysis, histogram analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis, chi-square analysis, etc. The obtained results are presented and explained in the present article.
Effects of no-tillage sowing on soil properties and forage wheat and Italian ryegrass yields in winter fallow paddy fields
Authors: Xu Liuxing , Tang Guojian , Tian Jing , Wang Xiaoya , Zhang Jianguo
Published: January 2021

In South China, it is common practice for the late rice (Oryza sativa) that is planted during the summer in the paddy fields after harvest to be used for fallowing or to plant winter forage crops. The land is ploughed before early rice planting. Both forage wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) have relatively high nutritional value, and planting them in winter fallow paddy fields could potentially address food shortages and provide quality forage for livestock. In this study, we examined the effects of no-tillage sowing 5 days before rice harvest (NB5), no-tillage sowing 1 day after rice harvest (NA1), and conventional tillage sowing (CK) 1 day after rice harvest on forage wheat and Italian ryegrass soil properties, dry matter (DM), and crude protein (CP) yields. Soil and plant samples were collected after three months of crop growth. The results showed that the NB5 and NA1 soil bulk density (0-20 cm soil layer) tended to increase when compared to that of the CK field. The NA1 treatment increased the total soil nitrogen and organic matter content. The enzyme activities and total soil porosity in the no-tillage forage wheat and Italian ryegrass fields tended to decrease, while the no-tillage water content and soil capillary porosity tended to increase when compared to that of the CK field. Overall, planting year significantly influenced soil chemical properties (except for total nitrogen) and enzyme activity, but crop type had no significant effect on soil physical-chemical properties (except for capillary moisture capacity) and enzyme activity. Sowing methods had no significant effects on the crop DM and CP yields. The DM yield was affected by the interaction between planting year and sowing methods, or between sowing methods and crop type. No-tillage also increased the number of species and aboveground weed biomass. We concluded that the best sowing method for forage wheat and Italian ryegrass in winter fallow paddy fields was no-tillage sowing following rice harvest.
Biological effects of electron beam to target turning X-ray (EBTTX) on two freesia (Freesia hybrida) cultivars
Authors: Li Yi-rui , Liu Ling , Wang Dan , Chen Li , Chen Hao
Published: January 2021

Electron beam to target turning X-ray (EBTTX) is an emerging irradiation technology that can potentially accelerate the breeding process of plants. The biological effects of EBTTX irradiation on the two freesia cultivars (the red freesia and the purple freesia) were investigated by establishing an irradiation-mediated mutation breeding protocol. The germination rate, survival rate, plant height, leaf number and area, root number and length of the two freesia cultivars decreased following different irradiation doses (25, 50, 75, and 100-Gy). A high irradiation dose exhibited stronger inhibition effects on these plant growth parameters, and the survival rate of the two freesia cultivars was 0.00% following the 100-Gy irradiation treatment. The median lethal dose (LD50) based on survival rates was 54.28-Gy for the red freesia and 60.11-Gy for the purple freesia. The flowering rate, flower number, and pollen vigor were significantly decreased by irradiation treatment. At 75-Gy irradiation, the flowering rate, flower number and pollen viability of the two varieties reached the minimum, exhibiting strong inhibitory effects. Meanwhile, 75-Gy irradiation significantly decreased the chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the two freesia cultivars. Furthermore, as the irradiation dose increased, the changes in the micro-morphology of the leaf epidermis and pollen gradually increased according to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. These results are expected to provide useful information for the mutation breeding of different freesia cultivars and other flowering plants.
Nuevos mediadores de la LIJ: Análisis de los booktubers más importantes de habla hispana
Authors:   Universidad de Almería (España), García-Roca Anastasio
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene por objeto de estudio a los Booktubers como mediadores de lectura. Para ello, se han analizado las características sociodemográficas, influencia, lecturas y preferencias textuales de los 165 booktubers más influyentes de habla hispana. Los datos muestran que estos influencers son, fundamentalmente, chicas jóvenes con un desarrollado hábito lector y su influencia se basa en una dilatada experiencia lectora y prolongada presencia en la red. El canon propuesto se fundamenta Literatura Juvenil pero con gran variedad temática. Todo ello ha permitido concluir que los influencers se han ido adaptando y diversificando entre las plataformas mainstream