bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Management of Osteoporosis Following Primary Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Malacon Karen , Beach Isidora , Touponse Gavin , Rangwalla Taiyeb , Lee Jennifer , Zygourakis Corinna
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million individuals worldwide and predisposes to vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Given undertreatment of fragility fractures, including VCFs, we investigate current anti-osteoporotic medication prescribing trends.

Methods

Patients 50 and older with a diagnosis of primary closed thoracolumbar VCF between 2004 and 2019 were identified from the Clinformatics® Data Mart database. Multivariate analysis was performed for demographic and clinical treatment and outcome variables.

Results

Of 143 081 patients with primary VCFs, 16 780 (11.7%) were started on anti-osteoporotic medication within a year; 126 301 (88.3%) patients were not started on medication. The medication cohort was older (75.4 ± 9.3 vs 74.0 ± 12.3 years, P < .001), had higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index scores (4.7 ± 6.2 vs 4.3 ± 6.7, P < .001), was more likely to be female (81.1% vs 64.4%, P < .001), and was more likely to have a formal osteoporosis diagnosis (47.8% vs 32.9%) than the group that did not receive medication. Alendronate (63.4%) and calcitonin (27.8%) were the most commonly initiated medications. The proportion of individuals receiving anti-osteoporotic medication within the year following VCF peaked in 2008 (15.2%), then declined until 2012 with a modest increase afterward.

Conclusions

Osteoporosis remains undertreated after low-energy VCFs. New anti-osteoporotic medication classes have been approved in recent years. Bisphosphonates remain the most prescribed class. Increasing recognition and treatment of osteoporosis is paramount to decreasing the risk of subsequent fractures.
Periosteal Osteosarcoma of the Distal Shaft of Fibula: Case Report on Rare Entity
Authors: Babu Murukan , Chacko Ankith , T S Subi , Abraham Latha , George Danny
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Periosteal osteosarcoma is a rare, intermediate-grade, malignant tumor arising on the surface of the bone. There are only a few numbers of periosteal osteosarcoma of fibula reported. However, there has never been a case concerning distal fibula recorded so far. Wide surgical removal is the commonly advised treatment. In the present report, we describe a case of periosteal osteosarcoma localized to the distal fibula, which was treated by wide resection and reconstruction of ankle mortise with the ipsilateral proximal fibula. Case Report: The patient was a 48-year-old female who presented with ankle pain and swelling. A surface lesion, with “hair on end” periosteal reaction but without obvious medullary involvement, was seen on the distal fibular shaft by imaging studies. The diagnosis of periosteal sarcoma was confirmed with tru-cut biopsy. Wide resection and ankle mortise reconstruction with ipsilateral proximal fibula were done and 1 year of follow-up shows a good outcome. Conclusion: Periosteal osteosarcoma is a well-defined pathological entity with characteristic radiological and histological features. It is essential to distinguish it from other surface osteosarcomas as treatment modalities are different. Controversy remains about the appropriate treatment of periosteal osteosarcoma. Reconstruction of ankle mortise with reversed proximal fibular autograft is a good option in low-to-intermediate-grade periosteal osteosarcoma of the distal fibula rather than going for extensive radical procedures or adding chemotherapy to the treatment regimen. Keywords: Periosteal osteosarcoma, distal fibula, ankle mortise reconstruction.
Septic Metallosis after Unicompartmental Knee Replacement: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alayane Ali , Moussa Mohamad K , Boushnak Mohammad O , Boulazaib Issam , Nicolas Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Metallosis following prosthetic hip and knee replacement is a well-known complication. However, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) metallosis is rare. In this paper, we report a case of septic metallosis after unicompartmental knee replacement and we review the literature for the available treatment options. Case Report: A 83-year-old female patient presented with left periprosthetic knee infection on the top of unicompartmental knee prosthesis three months after septic endocarditis that was treated with anti-biotherapy. Surgical exploration showed severe infected metallosis due to chronic polyethylene wear reaction; hence, management consisted of total synovectomy and debridement of all metallic debris and two stage revision. Conclusion: Metallosis is a well-known complication after prosthetic hip and knee replacements. However, in UKA, it remains a rare complication where only few cases were reported in the literature. Keywords: Metallosis, metal ions, unicompartmental knee replacement, prosthetic knee joint infection, knee joint, knee prosthesis, PE wear.
Well-Leg Compartment Syndrome Due to Hemilithotomy Positioning after Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the PCL
Authors: Woodard David R , Kimball Jeff S , Riggs Thomas P , Gulbrandsen Matthew T , Syed Hasan M
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs due to decreased perfusion of an osseofascial space due to increased compartmental pressure. Due to its potentially devastating sequelae, emphasis is placed on its prompt diagnosis. While fractures continue to be the most common cause of ACS, mechanisms such as crush injuries and even surgical positioning are described etiologies of compartment syndrome. ACS of the well-leg from hemilithotomy positioning has been previously depicted in medical literature; however, there have been no illustrations of this complication after elective arthroscopic-assisted posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Case Report: This report discusses a patient undergoing PCL reconstruction who developed an ACS in the non-operative extremity that was positioned in hemilithotomy in a leg positioner. Conclusion: ACS is an uncommon but serious complication that can occur from hemilithotomy positioning. Surgeons should be mindful of risk factors that can place a patient at higher risk, including length of the case, body habitus, height of elevation of the leg, and method of leg support. The prompt recognition and surgical management of ACS can prevent the devastating long-term complications. Keywords: Acute compartment syndrome, hemilithotomy, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Limb Salvage Surgery in an Enormously Large Pelvic Malignant Bone Tumor
Authors: Harshwal Raj Kumar , Gupta Divyansh , Meena D S , Sehrawat Manisha
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Malignant transformation of pelvic osteochondroma is a rare entity. Large size and late presentation impose threat to life as well as limb. We report a case of limb salvage surgery in an enormously large secondary chondrosarcoma arising from pelvic bone. Case Report: A 60-year-old male presented with a colossal swelling at groin reaching up to distal thigh. He was walking with a wide-based gait due to pain and discomfort. 30 year back, the patient first reported this swelling of pea size, for which he was advised surgery but due to fear of surgery and economic reason he refused. Swelling gradually increased in size and reached up to distal thigh in the past 30 years. It was hard and non-tender up to 6 months back, when suddenly a change in consistency from hard to soft in distal area was noticed. On examination, a large soft cystic swelling was hanging from his pubic area. Tumor was fixed at base on proximal end. On magnetic resonance imaging, size of tumor was 281 mm in length, 263 mm in width, and 250 mm in anteroposterior diameter. Tumor was arising from superior and ischiopubic rami. However, no intra-articular extension was seen. A radiographic skeletal survey and bone scan did not reveal any other lesion. On biopsy, chondrogenic tumor composed of lobules of chondroid material with no cellular atypia or evidence of malignancy was reported. Considering the age of patient, rapid progression in recent months, size and duration of tumor, and type 3 pelvic resection was planned. Using utilitarian pelvic incision with perineal extension, separating long adductor muscles and deep femoral artery tumor, tumor excised with osteotomy at pubic symphysis, and on superior and inferior pubic rami. With minor wound complications, wound healed in 3 weeks. Post-operative biopsy reported as Grade 1 chondrosarcoma. At 3-year follow–up, the patient has no complains and no sign of recurrence noticed. Conclusion: Limb salvage surgery is a suitable option even in enormously large musculoskeletal malignancy. Proper counseling and tracking of patients are must to avoid future complications. Keywords: Secondary pelvic chondrosarcoma, pelvic resection, limb saving surgery.
Distal Metatarsal and Proximal Phalangeal Osteotomies without Soft Tissue Procedure for Hallux Valgus with 80° Hallux Valgus Angle: A Case Report
Authors: Nakajima Kenichiro
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The commonly performed procedure for treating severe hallux valgus is proximal metatarsal osteotomy or first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis combined with a soft tissue procedure in which the severe intermetatarsal angle (IMA) is corrected using proximal metatarsal osteotomy or first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis; although a severe hallux valgus angle (HVA) can be corrected using the soft tissue procedure alone, the correction ability is low. Therefore, the more severe the hallux valgus is, the more difficult it is to correct. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman (height, 142 cm; weight, 47 kg) with severe hallux valgus with an HVA of 80° and an IMA of 22° was treated with a combination of the distal metatarsal and proximal phalangeal osteotomies fixated using K-wires, which was a modification of Kramer’s and Akin’s procedures, without a soft tissue procedure. The concept behind this technique is that distal metatarsal osteotomy primarily corrects the hallux valgus, and when the correction is insufficient, the proximal phalanx osteotomy complements it, which ensures that the first ray is approximately straight. After 4.1 years of follow-up, the HVA and IMA were 16° and 13°, respectively. Conclusion: Distal metatarsal and proximal phalangeal osteotomies without a soft tissue procedure were effective in treating a patient with severe hallux valgus with an HVA of 80°. Keywords: Kramer’s procedure, Akin’s procedure, distal lateral soft tissue release, complication.
Transscaphoid Transcapitate Perilunate Fracture-dislocation with Inferior Arc Injury and Acute Ulnar Nerve Compression: A Case Report
Authors: Avendano John P , Gallagher Daniel O , Van Kouwenberg Emily
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture-dislocations (PLFD) are relatively uncommon injuries, comprising <10% of wrist injuries. Perilunate injuries are often complicated by median neuropathy reported in 23–45% of cases, whereas there are very few reported cases of associated ulnar neuropathy. Combined greater arc and inferior arc injuries are also rare. We report an unusual PLFD pattern with associated inferior arc injury and acute ulnar nerve compression. Case Report: A 34-year-old male sustained a wrist injury after a motorcycle collision. Computed tomography scan revealed a transscaphoid, transcapitate, perilunate fracture-dislocation, and a distal radius lunate facet volar rim fracture with radiocarpal subluxation. Examination revealed acute ulnar neuropathy without median neuropathy. He underwent urgent nerve decompression and closed reduction, followed by open reduction internal fixation the next day. He recovered without complication. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough neurovascular examination to rule out less commonly seen neuropathies. With up to 25% of perilunate injuries misdiagnosed, surgeons should have a low threshold for advanced imaging in high-energy injuries. Keywords: Perilunate, dislocation, fracture dislocation, neurovascular examination, neuropathy, ulnar nerve, PFLD, misdiagnosis, imaging, trauma, median neuropathy, ulnar neuropathy, median nerve, wrist, inferior arc injury.
Late Atraumatic Ceramic Head Fracture in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Hungerford Marc , Neubauer Philip , Boner Ashlie , Kowalewski Allison
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Atraumatic ceramic femoral head fracture is an uncommon but overwhelming complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The complication rate is low, with few reports in the literature. It is critical to continue researching late fracture risk to mitigate these instances. Case Report: A 68-year-old Caucasian female presented with an atraumatic ceramic femoral head fracture in the setting of a ceramic-on-ceramic THA 17 years after primary surgery. The patient was successfully revised to a dual-mobility construct with a ceramic femoral head and a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner. The patient returned to normal function without pain. Conclusion: The complication rate for fracture of the ceramic femoral head is as low as 0.001% for fourth-generation aluminum matrix composite designs, while the complication rate of late atraumatic ceramic fracture is largely unknown. We present this case to add to the current literature. Keywords: Total hip arthroplasty, revision total hip arthroplasty, ceramic head fracture.
A Case Report of Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Distal Tibia with a Non-healing Fungating Mass and its Management in a 30-year-old Male
Authors: Shetty Sunil , Parikh Mishil , Mehra Shivam , Syal Anuragdeep , Sawant Raj , Gupta Mainak
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign, expansible, non-neoplastic tumor of usually long bones and is identified by blood vessels and spaces that are most often differentiated by fibrous septae. It is challenging to treat these rare, giant ABCs as they have a damaging effect on the bones and compress the nearby structures, especially in load-bearing bones of the body. Case Report: We report a case of a giant ABC in the distal tibia one-third with soft tissue component of a 30-year-old male. The patient presented to our outpatient department with complaints of pain and swelling over left ankle for 1 year. The size of the swelling was 15 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm over medial aspect of ankle with 3 discharging sinuses which present over swelling. His blood parameters were suggestive of low hemoglobin count. X-rays showed cystic lesions over medial aspect of left ankle. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging reports were suggestive of ABC. Conclusion: Our case report is unique as it reminds us that when presented with a case of ABC, excision of fungating soft tissue with curettage followed by cementing can be a preferable and better treatment option. ABC was extensively curetted out, the formed cavity was packed with bone cement, and fixation with 3 cortico cancellous screws was carried out. At 4-month follow-up, the lesion had receded, and the patient was walking without pain and any deformity. We suggest that this method of treatment is beneficial for ABC at this site and at this age. Keywords: Aneurysmal bone cyst, bone cement, curettage.
O-arm Navigated en bloc Excision of a Solitary Subaxial Cervical Osteochondroma Presenting as Myelo-radiculopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Kothari Ajay R , Situt Nishad V , Bhilare Pramod D , Sancheti Parag K
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Vertebral osteochondroma is a rare entity. It presents with varied complaints ranging from palpable mass to myeloradiculopathy. En bloc excision is the gold standard treatment option for symptomatic patients. Real-time intraoperative navigation has increased the accuracy and safety of tumor excision. We report a case of cervical subaxial osteochondroma with myelo-radiculopathy, treated with excision, and monosegmental fusion under O-arm-based real-time navigation. Case Report: A 32-year-old male presented with complaints of axial neck pain with the right upper limb radiculopathy for 18 months. On examination, signs of myelopathy were identified without sensory-motor deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans were suggestive of solitary C6 osteochondroma compressing spinalcord. O-arm navigated en-bloc tumor excision with C5 hemilaminectomy and monosegmental fusion was done. Conclusion: The use of O-arm navigation aids in accurate intraoperative en bloc excision without any residual tumor and with better safety. Keywords: Spinal tumors, O-arm navigation, vertebral osteochondroma, bone tumor
Fibrolipoma of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon of Ring Finger Causing Triggering and Intermittent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Bharati Pankaj Deokar , Sharma Pankaj Nandkishor
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Lipomas are most common soft-tissue tumors but rarely are found to be symptomatic. <1% of lipomas are found in hand. Subfascial lipomas can cause pressure symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be idiopathic or secondary to any space-occupying lesion. Triggering usually occurs due to inflammation/thickening of A1 pulley. Most have reported a lipoma in distal forearm or near median nerve, leading to triggering of index or middle finger and carpal tunnel symptoms. All the cases reported had either an intramuscular lipoma in flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon slip of index or middle finger, with or without accessory belly of FDS muscle or a neurofibrolipoma of the median nerve. In our case, the lipoma was under palmer fascia, in flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon sheath of fourth finger causing triggering of the ring finger and CTS symptoms in flexion of the ring finger. Hence, this is a first report of this kind in the literature. Case Report: We hereby report a one of its kind case in which a 40-year-old Asian male patient had triggering of the ring finger with associated intermittent CTS symptoms, on making a fist, secondary to space-occupying lesion in palm, which was diagnosed by ultrasound as lipoma in FDP tendon of the ring finger in palm. This lipoma was surgically removed by AO ulnar palmer approach and carpal tunnel was decompressed. Histopathology report confirmed the lump to be fibrolipoma. The patient had complete relief of symptoms postoperatively. At 2 years follow-up, there was no recurrence. Keywords: Fibrolipoma, triggering, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar palmar approach of AO, case report.
Giant Cell Tumor of Thumb Proximal Phalanx-A Case Report
Authors: Garg Ashish , Aggarwal Hari Om
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is approximately 5% of all primary osseous tumors. It accounts for <2% of the total cases as far as the involvement of the hand is concerned. Numerous studies stated that <1% of cases have phalangeal involvement of the thumb. Case Report: This case is delineated for its unusual location (thumb proximal phalanx) in a 42-year-old male patient managed by single-stage en-bloc excision, arthrodesis, and web-space deepening procedure without donor-site morbidity. It is known for its notorious nature for reoccurrence (10–50%) and transformation into malignancy (10%); therefore, meticulous dissection is a prerequisite. Conclusion: GCT of the thumb proximal phalanx is quite an unusual presentation. Although very rare, it is thought to be one of the most aggressive varieties of benign bone tumor observed to date. Amid a high rate of recurrence, careful preoperative planning is pivotal for fruitful outcome both anatomically and functionally. Keywords: Giant cell tumor, proximal phalanx, extended curettage.
Atlantoaxial Instability after Treatment of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation: A Case Report
Authors: Sugiyama Takaaki , Miyamoto Kei , Yamamoto Takatoshi , Tokuyama Tsuyoshi , Akiyama Haruhiko , Shimizu Katsuji
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We encountered a case of atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) after treatment of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF). Reports of developing AAS after AARF are extremely rare. Case Report: An 8-year-old male who feels neck pain was diagnosed with AARF type II according to the Fielding classification. Computed tomography (CT) showed that the atlas was rotated 32° to the right relative to the axis. Neck collar, Glisson traction, and reduction under anesthesia were performed. Five months after the onset of AARF, the patient was diagnosed with AAS due to dilatation of atlantodental interval (ADI) and underwent posterior cervical fusion. Conclusion: AARF treatments, such as long-term Glisson traction and reduction under general anesthesia, which exert a stress on the cervical spine, may damage the alar ligaments, apical ligaments, lower longitudinal band, and Gruber’s ligament. Transverse ligament damage can also occur during the treatment of AARF, especially if AARF is refractory or requires long-term treatment. In addition, knowledge of the pathophysiology of atlantoaxial instability after AARF treatment is important. Keywords: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation, atlantoaxial subluxation, ligament injury.
Tips and Complications of Two-step Open Procedure for Ethanol Sclerosis Therapy for a Venous Hemangioma of the Thoracic Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Tonosu Juichi , Yamaguchi Yasuteru , Higashikawa Akiro , Kenichi Kenichi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Venous hemangiomas of the thoracic spine are rare tumors that are diagnose based on radiological findings. Ethanol sclerosis therapy through the percutaneous or open approaches has been reported to be useful treatment options. Therefore, radiological examination and the treatment procedure can be performed together. As pathological diagnosis of the tumor is important, a strategy that comprises biopsy followed by definitive treatment is ideal. The tips and complications of the two-step open procedure for ethanol sclerosis therapy have not been discussed in detail. This is the first report of this kind in the literature, especially about the tips and complications. Case Report: A 51-year-old woman presented with pain in the upper part of her back. Radiological examination revealed a hypervascular tumor at the second thoracic vertebra. We first performed an open biopsy along with decompression and fixation surgery, because the patient developed a walking disability with motor weakness in her right leg. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as a venous hemangioma. Therefore, we performed ethanol sclerosis therapy using the open approach as a curative technique for the tumor 17 days after the initial surgery. A total of 10 mL of a mixture of 100% ethanol and a lipid-soluble contrast medium - which improve visibility - was injected intermittently and slowly. This was followed by the injection of 3 mL of a water-soluble contrast medium to confirm sclerosis. Immediately after the last procedure, the amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials in all bilateral lower extremity muscles disappeared simultaneously. The patient incomplete paralysis of the lower extremity and transient dysuria postoperatively; however, she could walk without assistance after 5 months. Conclusion: This case highlights the following: First, the two-step procedure of open biopsy followed by ethanol injection using the open approach allowed accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Second, additional injection of a water-soluble contrast medium to confirm sclerosis after ethanol injection can cause paralysis. Third, a mixture of ethanol and a lipid-soluble contrast medium effective improves visibility to identify expansions. These experiences will be useful for following ethanol sclerosis therapy for a venous hemangioma of the thoracic spine. Keywords: Venous hemangioma, thoracic spine, ethanol sclerosis therapy, two-step open procedure, paralysis, additional injection, water-soluble contrast medium, visibility, lipid-soluble contrast medium, tips, complication.
Concomitant Extensor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon Rupture may Complicate Surgical Reconstruction following Volar Plate Fixation of the Distal Radius: A Case Report
Authors: Paul Ryan , Persitz Jonathan , Chan Andrea , Suh Nina
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hardware prominence is one of the major established complications following volar plating of distal radius fractures. In particular, dorsal prominence of screws is the leading risk factor associated with post-surgical extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture. Although there are many descriptions of attritional EPL ruptures in the literature, concomitant presentation of attritional EPL and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) ruptures following volar plating of distal radius fractures are minimal. Case Report: We present a case of concomitant rupture of the EPL and occult rupture of the EDC to the index finger following volar plating of the distal radius. This was discovered intraoperatively and complicated the proposed tendon transfer reconstruction. Conclusion: Locked volar plate fixation has become the preferred technique for surgical management of distal radius fractures. The complication of multiple extensor tendon ruptures is rare but nevertheless may be encountered. We discuss strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Surgeons should be aware of and prepared to proceed with alternative reconstructive procedures if this complication is discovered. Keywords: Distal radius fracture, tendon transfer, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis proprius, extensor digitorum communis, tendon rupture.
The Stability of the Chitosan Coating on Polyester Fabric in the Washing Process
Authors: Pušić Tanja , Kaurin Tea , Liplin Marko , Budimir Ana , Čurlin Mirjana , Grgić Katia , Sutlović Ana , Volmajer Valh Julija
Published: June 2023

The sensitivity of chitosan to environmental conditions and processing conditions can stress its structure and cause degradation of this polymer on various application carriers. The stability of chitosan in a designed textile structure of standard polyester fabric with chitosan was analysed in a multiple washing process with a standard detergent by studying the properties before and after 10 washing cycles. The chitosan was coated on standard and alkali treated polyester fabrics. Washing was performed with an ECE A reference detergent at 60 °C according to the Standard protocol HRN EN ISO 6330 in 10 cycles. The washing stability of chitosan onto polyester fabrics was monitored by a staining test, zeta potential, breaking force, breaking elongation, pilling propensity, touch, whiteness, moisture transport, antimicrobial activity and morphological features. The staining test confirmed the wash stability of chitosan coated on alkali hydrolised polyester fabrics, while the chitosan coated on standard polyester fabric disappeared. Zeta potential proved to be the significant parameter for determining chitosan` stability. The tensile properties of fabric samples were harmonised with other characterisation parameters. Coating of polyester fabric with chitosan increased the elasticity of all samples. The antimicrobial activity of polyester fabrics coated with chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus was reduced by 20% after 10 washing cycles. All the characterisation parameters proved that polyester fabric as a chitosan carrier should be surface modified for designing a stable bioactive textile structure of chitosan and polyester.
Pengaruh Durasi Penggenangan Selama Fase Vegetatif Akhir Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum frutescens L ) Varietas Sonar
Authors: Sayekti Sri Wigati Lambang , Setiari Nintya , Darmanti Sri , Saptiningsih Endang
Published: June 2023

Capsicum frutescens L merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi cabai rawit adalah faktor lingkungan antara lain cekaman genangan. Cekaman genangan terjadi akibat adanya curah hujan yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi penggenangan terhadap pertumbuhan cabai rawit varietas Sonar pada fase vegatatif akhir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, durasi penggenangan 1, 3, dan 10 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari lima ulangan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah RAL dengan satu faktor yaitu durasi penggenangan. Analisis data setelah penggenangan menggunakan uji T taraf signifikansi 5% dan setelah fase pemulihan selama 30 hari menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA yang diteruskan ke uji LSD taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan data yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa setelah penggenangan terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi panjang akar, jumlah daun, ukuran daun, tinggi tanaman, dan adanya perubahan warna daun serta penurunan bobot segar tajuk dan bobot segar akar. Penggenangan juga memperpanjang fase vegatatif tanaman sehingga menunda terbentuknya tunas bunga. Pertumbuhan tanaman cabai masih dapat berlangsung setelah cekaman penggenangan durasi 1, 3 dan 10 hari. Setelah fase pemulihan, terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman. Capsicum frutescens L was a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia because it has high economic value. One of the obstacles in the production of cayenne pepper is environmental factors such as flooding stress. Flooding stress occurs due to high rainfall. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of flooding duration on the growth of Sonar cayenne pepper in the late vegetative phase. The study was conducted with four treatments, namely control, flooding duration 1, 3, and 10 days. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The research design used was RAL with one factor, namely the duration of flooding. Analysis of the data after flooding used the T-test with a significance level of 5% and after the recovery phase for 30 days used the one-way ANOVA test which was continued to the LSD test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the resulting data, it was shown that after flooding there was inhibition of plant growth including root length, number of leaves, leaf size, plant height, and changes in leaf color as well as a decrease in shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight. Flooding also prolongs the vegetative phase of the plant thereby delaying the formation of flower buds. Chili plant growth can still take place after flooding stress duration of 1, 3, and 10 days. After the recovery phase, there was an increase in plant growth.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Kurkumin dan Injeksi Hormon Tiroksin Pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L) Terhadap Konsentrasi Hormon Tiroksin dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik
Authors: Rawung Livana Dethris , Rompas Christny Ferdina Evie
Published: June 2023

Hormon tiroksin merupakan salah satu jenis hormon tiroid yang berperan penting dalam merangsang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gonad. Sedangkan kurkumin merupakan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat meningkatkan proses reproduksi pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil konsentrasi hormon tiroksin dan pertumbuhan spesifik ikan uji yang diberi suplementasi kurkumin dan penyuntikan hormon tiroksin. Ikan mas betina yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 ekor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktorial 4 x 2. Faktor pertama adalah dosis kurkumin yang terdiri dari 4 konsentrasi (0; 2.5; 5; 10 g curcumin/kg feed), dan faktor kedua adalah hormon tiroksin yang terdiri dari 2 konsentrasi (0 dan 0.1 µg.g-1 bobot badan). Secara statistik data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi kurkumin dan penyuntikan hormon tiroksin berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap konsentrasi hormon tiroksin dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa injeksi hormon tiroksin dan suplementasi kurkumin dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi hormon tiroksin dalam serum, dan hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa status reproduksi ikan uji berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi hormon tiroksin dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Thyroxine hormone is one type of thyroid hormone that plays an important role in stimulating growth and gonad development. Otherwise, curcumin is a bioactive compound that can improve the process of reproduction in fish.  The aim of this study is to know the profile of the thyroxine hormone concentration and specific growth of tested fish given supplementation of curcumin and injection of thyroxine hormone. 40 female carp were used in this study. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a 4 x 2 factorial. The first factor was the dose of curcumin (0; 2.5; 5; 10 g curcumin/kg feed), and the second factor was thyroxine hormone (0 and 0.1 µg.g-1 body weight). Statistically, showed that the supplementation of curcumin and injection of thyroxine hormone had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the concentration of the thyroxine hormone and the specific growth rate. This study showed that the injection of the thyroxine hormone and supplementation of curcumin can increase the concentration of the thyroxine concentration in serum, and these results also showed that the reproduction status of the tested fish also influenced the increase of the thyroxine hormone concentration in serum and the specific growth rate (SGR).
Uji Fertilitas Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Setelah Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica)
Authors: Sitasiwi Agung Janika , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Alauddin Faisal Mahmud
Published: June 2023

Daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) mengandung senyawa antifertilitas yang dapat menekan kemampuan proses reproduksi baik pada jantan atau betina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji ekstrak etanol daun mimba (A. indica) terhadap fertilitas tikus jantan dengan mengamati bobot testis, rasio kebuntingan, jumlah anak dan penurunan jumlah anak. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan 32 ekor tikus jantan dan 36 ekor tikus betina. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing dengan 6 ulangan. Kelompok P0 adalah kontrol dengan hewan uji yang hanya diberi akuades, sedangkan P1, P2 dan P3 merupakan kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing diberi ektrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 60, 80 and 100 mg/kgBB/hari. Bahan uji diberikan secara oral dengan volume 1ml selama 14 hari. Setengah dari jumlah hewan uji digunakan untuk pengamatan parameter bobot testis. Isolasi testis dilakukan setelah pemberian bahan uji berakhir. Uji kawin dilakukan pada hewan uji yang tersisa pada setiap kelompok perlakuan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) pada bobot testis antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan, tetapi terjadi perbedaan nyata (p<0.05) penurunan rasio kebuntingan, jumlah anak dan persentase penurunan jumlah anak yang dihasilkan. Berdasar hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tikus jantan mengalami penurunan fertilitas setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 60, 80 dan 100 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari. Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) contain antifertility compounds that can suppress the ability of the reproductive process, both on male and female. The purpose of this study is to examine the ethanolic extract of Neem leaves (A. indica) on male rat fertility through observation in testicular weight, pregnancy ratio, litter size and litter size decrease. This experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD), with 32 male rats and 36 females divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replication on each. The P0 group is control group which treated with aquadest only; the treatment are P1, P2, and P3 which treated with ethanolic Neem leaves extract 60, 80 and 100 mg/kgBW/day. The treatment are given orally with 1 ml in volume, for 14 consecutive days. A half of total animal in every group were used to get the testis weight parameter. Testicular isolation is done after the treatment. The other animals of  were continued with mating test. The result showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the testicular weight of control group compared to treated groups, but there were significant differences (P<0,05) on pregnancy ratio, litter size and the percentage of litter size decrease.  The conclusion of this study is the fertility of male rats were decreased by administration of neem leaves ethanolic extract at doses of 60, 80, and 100 mg/kgBB with 14 consecutive days exposure time.
UJi Kualitatif Metabolit Sekunder pada Beberapa Tanaman yang Berkhasiat sebagai Obat Tradisional
Authors: Khafid Abdul , Wiraputra Muhammad Dwijunianto , Putra Agita Christyaji , Khoirunnisa Nafiah , Putri Aurora Awalia Kirana , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Nurchayati Yulita
Published: June 2023

Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki megabiodiversitas terbesar kedua saat ini memberikan manfaat yang begitu luar biasa. Diantara banyak tumbuhan yang ada, tidak sedikit pula tumbuhan yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai obat-obatan karena senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada berbagai organnya, salah satunya adalah pada bagian daun. Beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder memiliki khasiat obat, seperti flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, steroid, triterpenoid dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung di dalam daun beberapa tumbuhan berkhasiat obat, antara lain Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.), Salam Koja (Murraya koenigii), Sirih (Piper betle Linn), Pepaya (Carica papaya L.), dan Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrixD. C.). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan uji identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder pada eksrak maserasi beberapa sampel daun dalam pelarut etanol 70%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada uji flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, dan tanin positif pada kelima sampel daun, uji triterpenoid positif pada daun Jeruk Purut, uji steroid positif pada semua sampel kecuali daun Jeruk Purut. Indonesia as a country that has the second-largest mega biodiversity currently provides extraordinary benefits. Among the many plants that exist, there are so many plants that can be used as medicines because of secondary metabolites contained in various organs, one of which is in the leaves. Some of the secondary metabolic compounds had medicinal properties, such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in leaves of several plants with medicinal benefits, such as Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.), Curry Tree (Murraya koenigii), Betel (Piper betle Linn), Papaya (Carica papaya L.) and Kaffir lime  (Citrus hystrix DC). The research was done by identification test of secondary metabolites in the macerated extract of several leaf samples in 70% ethanol solvent. The results showed a positive flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid and tanin on all five-leaf samples, positive triterpenoid test on kaffir lime leaves, positive steroid test on all samples except kaffir lime leaves.
Potensi Mangrove Avicennia Marina (Forsk.) sebagai Agen Fitoremidiasi Kadmium (Cd) di Tambak dan Laut Mangunharjo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang
Authors: Hastuti Endah Dwi , Afiyah Fina Irodatul , Izzati Munifatul
Published: June 2023

Aktivitas industri di perairan Mangunharjo menghasilkan limbah yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran logam berat salah satunya yaitu kadmium (Cd). Mangrove Avicennia marina dapat mengabsorbsi Cd dari sedimen dan air melalui akar kemudian di translokasi ke organ lain seperti daun dan akar sehingga berpotensi sebagai fitoremidiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan akumulasi Cd pada akar dan daun mangrove Avicennia marina di perairan laut dan tambak Mangunharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL dengan 2 faktor yaitu lokasi (tambak dan laut) dan organ (daun dan akar) masing-masing perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Analisis kandungan Cd menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spechtophotometry), data diuji dengan ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan DMRT pada taraf uji 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di tambak kadar Cd pada sedimen yaitu 1.0897 ppm dan pada air 0.0123 ppm, sedangkan di laut kadar Cd pada sedimen yaitu 0.1193 ppm dan pada air 0.0163 ppm. Faktor organ mangrove dan lokasi menujukkan interaksi terhadap kadar Cd dan nilai BCF. Kadar Cd tertinggi terdapat pada organ daun di tambak (0.2269 ppm) dan nilai terendah terdapat pada organ daun di laut (0.0200 ppm). Nilai BCF tertinggi terdapat pada organ akar di laut (0.5133) dan yang paling rendah adalah organ daun di laut (0.0567). Industrial activities in the waters of Mangunharjo produce waste that can cause heavy metal pollution, one of which is cadmium (Cd). Avicennia marina mangroves can absorb Cd from sediment and water through the roots and then translocated to other organs such as leaves and roots so that it has the potential as phytoremediation. This study aimed to analyze the ability of Cd accumulation in the roots and leaves of Avicennia marina mangroves in Ponds and Mangunharjo Seas. This study used RAL with 2 factors, namely location (ponds and sea) and organs (leaves and roots) each treatment with 3 replications. Analysis of Cd content using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spechtophotometry) method, data was tested by ANOVA, followed by DMRT at the 5% test level. The results showed that in ponds the Cd content in sediment was 1.0897 ppm and in water was 0.0123 ppm, while at sea the Cd level in sediment was 0.1193 ppm and in water was 0.0163 ppm. Mangrove organ factors and location showed an interaction with Cd levels and BCF values. The highest Cd levels were found in leaf organs in ponds (0.2269 ppm) and the lowest values were found in leaf organs in the sea (0.0200 ppm). The highest BCF value was found in root organs in the sea (0.5133) and the lowest was in leaf organs in the sea (0.0567).
Laju Pertumbuhan Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Setelah Diberi Serbuk Kunyit Dan Kurkumin Dalam Air Minum)
Authors: Tana Silvana , Sraun Abigael Eflen , Saraswati Tyas Rini
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin yang diberi dalam minum untuk meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor puyuh jepang betina yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 8 ulangan, yaitu P0: sebagai kontrol, kelompok yang diberi air biasa, P1: kelompok puyuh diberi dosis kurkumin 0.15 mg/ekor/hari dan P2: kelompok puyuh diberi dosis bubuk kunyit 108 mg/ekor/hari. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah pertambahan bobot badan yang diukur setiap seminggu sekali pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan parameter pendukung adalah konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum dan konversi pakan.Pengukuran bobot dilakukan dengan timbangan pada setiap individu puyuh.Laju pertumbuhan diperoleh dengan menghitung selisih bobot minggu terakhir dengan bobot minggu pertamaselama 8 minggu. Data yang diperoleh dimasukkan dan diolah di Microsoft Exel 2010, mencari nilai rata-rata menggunakan fungsi AVERAGEdi Microsoft Exel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, laju pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan tidak mengalami perubahan setelah penambahan serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin, namun meningkatkan konsumsi minum puyuh. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, bobot dan konversi pakan sehingga menghambat laju pertumbuhan puyuh. This study aims to determine the effect of tumeric powder and curcumin dissolved in drinking water on the growth rate of Japanese quail. This study used 24 female quail consisting of 3 treatments and 8 replications, namely P0: as a control, the group was given plain water, P1: the quail group was given a dose of curcumin 0,15 mg / quail / day and P2: the quail group was given a dose of turmeric powder 108 mg / quail / day. The main parameters observed were body weight gain which was measured once a week in each treatment group, while the supporting parameters were feed consumption and drinking consumption, feed conversion. The weight measurement by weighing each quail individual. The growth rate is obtained by calculating the difference between the weight of the last week and the weight of the first week for 8 weeks. The data obtained from this study were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 using the AVERAGE function. The results showed that the average value of feed consumption, body weight, growth rate and feed conversion after adding turmeric powder and curcumin to the treatment was significantly different from the control, but not increased drinking consumption of quail. The conclusion of this study is that the doses of turmeric powder and curcumin given has not had the potential to affect the growth rate of quails. The conclusion of this study was that the doses of curcumin 0,15 mg/quail/day and turmeric powder 108 mg/quail/day given to Japanese Quail had no potential to affect growth rate.
Comparative analysis of regression algorithms for the prediction of NavIC differential corrections
Authors: Karthan Madhu Krishna , Perumalla Naveen Kumar
Published: June 2023

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) or Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) provides positioning, navigation and timing information services to various users in Indian region. Standalone NavIC may not meet the position accuracies for certain application such as civil aviation. Differential NavIC is used for improving the position accuracy of rover receiver, which make use of differential corrections (transmitted from reference station). However, if the satellite signals are temporarily lost due to abruptly changing atmosphere, satellite health issues or if the satellite signals are attenuated due to city infrastructures in urban areas, tree canopies, the accuracy of NavIC will be degraded. This article compares regression tree and bagging tree based differential corrections prediction algorithm with the actual differential corrections, by considering the NavIC satellite signal strength (C/No) and elevation angle (El), to improve the NavIC positioning accuracy. The improvement in the position accuracy is obtained by utilizing predicted differential corrections. The position accuracy of rover using actual differential corrections (2DRMS – 3.09 m), regression tree predicted differential corrections (2DRMS – 5.96 m) and bagged tree predicted differential corrections (2DRMS – 3.06 m) are compared. Here, the rover accuracy using actual differential corrections and bagged tree predicted differential corrections are approximately equal. So, the position accuracy using bagged tree predicted differential corrections are accurate when compared to regression tree predicted differential corrections.
Stability and change in young children’s linguistic experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: insight from a citizen-science sample in the United States
Authors: Bulgarelli Federica , Potter Christine E.
Published: June 2023

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive lockdowns interrupted daily routines, including childcare. We asked whether these interruptions, and the inevitable changes in the people with whom children spent their waking hours, caused changes in the languages that children heard. We retrospectively queried parents of young children (0–4 years) in the US about childcare arrangements and exposure to English and non-English languages at four timepoints from February 2020 to September 2021. Despite discontinuity in childcare arrangements, we found that children’s exposure to English versus other languages remained relatively stable. We also identified demographic variables (child age at pandemic onset, parental proficiency in a non-English language) that consistently predicted exposure to non-English languages. Thus, multilingually-exposed children in this population did not appear to significantly gain or lose the opportunity to hear non-English languages overall. These results provide insight into the experiences of this unique cohort and inform our understanding of how language development can be shaped by complex environmental systems.