bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az iskoláztatási kötelezettség teljesítésének biztosításáról szóló 1921. évi XXX. törvénycikk és a tankötelezettség megvalósításának baranyai gyakorlata
Authors: Niklai Patrícia Dominika
Published: September 2024

„[A]z utóbbi negyedszázadban már állandó volt a törekvés arra is, hogy a törvényeinkben úgynevezett tankötelezettség, helyesebben a törvényben meghatározott korú gyermekek iskolábajáratásának – iskoláztatásának – kötelessége hatékonyabban érvényesíttessék, az e tekintetben tudatosan vagy könnyelműen vétők mulasztása vagy cselekedete szigorúbb megtorlásban részesíttessék, és ennek folyományaként az iskolamulasztások eseteinek száma csökkentessék.”
A tankötelezettség modern értelemben vett formájának kialakítása 1868-ban elvi szinten, majd a 19. század végén gyakorlati vonatkozásban is kezdetét vette, végül a nyolcosztályos elemi oktatás bevezetésével kristályosodott ki a ma is alkalmazott rendszer. Korábban megjelent tanulmányaimban jogtörténeti szempontból megközelítve és levéltári esetekkel gazdagítva vizsgáltam ehhez a folyamathoz kapcsolódóan a népoktatásról szóló 1868. évi XXXVIII. törvénycikket, az iskoláztatási kötelezettség teljesítésének biztosításáról szóló 1921. évi XXX. törvénycikket, az iskolai kötelezettségről és a nyolcosztályos népiskoláról szóló 1940. évi XX. törvénycikket és annak miniszteri indokolását, valamint több vallás- és közoktatásügyi miniszteri rendeletet.
Revisión Bibliográfica sobre el Desarrollo de Nuevos Materiales Adsorbentes Funcionalizados con Litio para el Almacenamiento Sostenible de Energía
Authors: Herrera Cuadrado Zayda Vanessa
Published: September 2024

El incremento en la demanda de energía y los desafíos ambientales asociados al uso de combustibles fósiles han impulsado la investigación de alternativas energéticas más limpias, como el hidrógeno. Este artículo revisa las posibilidades de almacenamiento de hidrógeno utilizando materiales porosos, con un enfoque en adsorbentes obtenidos a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica, particularmente de semillas de aguacate. La funcionalización de estos materiales con litio permite mejorar sus capacidades de almacenamiento, lo que los hace una opción atractiva y económica. La investigación se centra en sintetizar carbones activados mediante procesos termoquímicos y en analizar el impacto de la incorporación de litio en sus propiedades de adsorción. A pesar de los desafíos tecnológicos, como la manipulación de variables de síntesis, se concluye que los adsorbentes funcionalizados con litio representan una alternativa viable y sostenible para la transición energética. Este enfoque también contribuye a la economía circular mediante el aprovechamiento de residuos agrícolas, ayudando a resolver problemas ambientales relacionados con la disposición de estos desechos.
The Effect of Mocaf Flour and Yellow Pumpkin Flour (Cucurbita Moschata) Proportion on the Acceptability and Physicochemical Quality of Wet MI
Authors: Ni’mah Isna Khairun , Syainah Ermina , Yanti Rusmini , Aprianti  , Nurhamidi  , Farhat Yasir
Published: September 2024

Overcoming dependence on wheat flour as raw material, researchers want to develop a wet noodle product by using mocaf flour to substitute wheat flour and adding pumpkin flour to increase the nutritional value of wet noodles, namely potassium minerals as an alternative main food that can help lower blood pressure in hypertension sufferers.To determine the effect of the proportion of mocaf flour and pumpkin flour on the physicochemical quality of wet noodles. This type of research uses an experimental study design with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The comparison of the proportions of mocaf flour and pumpkin flour is P0 (100g : 0g), P1 (95g : 5g), P2 (90g :10g), P3 (85 g :15g), P4 (80g :20g). Physical quality and chemical quality test data were analyzed using the Independent T-test. The research results show that the percent water absorption capacity; percent elongation; potassium levels; and sodium levels, namely P0 (58.5% ; 19.8% ; 16.5mg/100 g; 5.64 mg/100g), P2 (70.3% ; 8.8% ; 55.95 mg/100g ; 5.55 mg/100g). The best treatment P2 does not meet the adult RDA percentage and cannot be classified as high in potassium. Wet noodle products cannot yet be used as an alternative to foods high in potassium for preventing hypertension.
Analysis of Legal Protection and Children's Health in the Post-Covid 19 Pa℩℩demic (Based on Dignified Justice)
Authors: Franciscus Xaverius Wartoyo
Published: September 2024

National education is education that is based on Pancasila, the 1945 Co℩℩stituio℩℩ of the Republic of Indonesia, and is rooted in the diversity of Indonesian culture and society, and is responsive to the demands of changing times. The purpose of writing this article is to reveal how the application of education in the post-pa℩℩demic period in the form of prevention and increasing healthy living behavior such as washing hands, wearing masks and so on, accompanied by strict health protocols, is still needed to prevent further transmission. The implementation of legal protection for children's health needs special attention in the post-Covid-19 pa℩℩demic, both in formal and non-formal education. In educational environments, health protocols are still required and students who have a cold or cough are advised to be self-aware and responsible for maintaining health protocols.
Legal Consequences of Creditors Recipients of Fiduciaries who are not Registered Judging from Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees
Authors: Napitupulu Diana R. W.
Published: September 2024

The law of not registering fiduciary creditors has significant consequences for the enforceability and validity of fiduciary guarantees. Based on Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees, creditors receiving fiduciaries must be registered as members of the Fiduciary Guarantee Council. Failure to register a fiduciary creditor can give rise to legal problems in terms of executing fiduciary guarantees, because the guarantee cannot be used as evidence or a legal resource. Therefore, efforts need to be made to prevent this from happening and ensure that creditors who receive fiduciaries meet the requirements to be registered as members of the Fiduciary Guarantee Council. This research uses a qualitative data analysis approach to conduct normative legal studies. The main legal sources in this research are primary legal sources. The conclusion of this research is that an unregistered fiduciary agreement has legal consequences, where the creditor does not have a preferred position in the event of bankruptcy and only acts as a concurrent creditor. And if the debtor defaults, the creditor does not have direct executorial rights over the fiduciary collateral, if the debtor is unable to pay off the entire debt at the agreed time.
The Effects on consumers of using refills under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection
Authors: Kiswanto Dedi , Harahap Herlina Hanum
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the legal protection of the impact of using refill perfume on consumers based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, obstacles to the impact of using refill perfume on consumers based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and solutions to the impact of using refill perfume on consumers based on law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. This research is The field research method, which involves conducting research in an actual field setting, is a common methodology employed in legal research. Prior to conducting any research project, the researcher should determine the most appropriate method for the study at hand. The results of the research are the continued disadvantage of consumer rights by business actors in terms of refill perfume. The responsibility of business actors for losses suffered by consumers who use cosmetic products, in this case refill perfumes, is contingent upon the clarity of the product label. The responsibility of business actors is also referenced in Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Consumer Protection, consumers who have been harmed as a result of using dangerous refillable perfume oil may pursue legal remedies through out-of-court dispute resolution.
The government's Role with Respect to Honorary Workers is Delineated in the 2014 State Civil Apparatus Act.
Authors: Supian  , Harahap Herlina Hanum
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the role of the government with regards to honorary workers in compliance with Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the efforts and policies of the Serdang Bedagai Regency government in organizing personnel administration of honorary workers. Furthermore, this study will examine whether there has been an impact on the Government of Serdang Bedagai Regency in accordance with Law Number 5 of 2014, as well as the impact of Law Number 5 of 2014 on honorary workers in the region. The empirical juridical method was employed in this study. Data were collected through interviews and documentation. Upon completion of the data processing stage, it is evident that the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government has consistently implemented its policy of administering honorary staff and similar personnel through the establishment of formal legality, as evidenced by the issuance of a decree (SK) of honorary staff, which was originally initiated by the Regent or Regional Official. This practice has continued, with no changes being made, for the 2019 and subsequent years. Furthermore, the decree has been transferred to each OPD, where it will be administered by both the head of the agency and the head of the service within the agency. In addition, it should be noted that, in order for the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government to function effectively and efficiently, it still requires honorary staff, such as operators, security personnel, and cleaning personnel, whose roles are essential to the smooth running of operations.
Position of a Single Judge in a Small Claim Court: Role and Responsibilities
Authors: Flora Henny Saida , Adiasih Ning , Lumban Gaol Selamat , Mustikarini Indriyana Dwi , Koynja Johannes Johny
Published: September 2024

In the context of litigation, a simple lawsuit is one that has no legal recourse. It is an objection that is heard by judges who are senior in the field. This type of lawsuit is convenient for the community at large, encompassing companies, People's banks, and other banks whose proof is simple. The data collection methods employed in this research are observation, interview, and documentation. The subject of this research is the application of a straightforward lawsuit in the Jakarta District Court, specifically, the types of cases that may be resolved by such a suit. This is a qualitative study employing an empirical juridical approach, employing a descriptive methodology. This research provides a conclusion that a simple lawsuit based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2019 represents a significant advancement over Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015. However, it was subsequently amended by Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2019. The value of the lawsuit is set at IDR 500,000,000.00, with a case subscription period of 25 days. The categories of this simple lawsuit are default (breach of promise) and tort, with the exception of those concerning land issues. The application of this simple lawsuit at the Pekanbaru District Court is commendable, although a few obstacles remain. However, these do not impede the resolution of existing cases. With regard to the obstacles for judges in this simple lawsuit, namely the District Court, it is necessary to implement a more extensive socialization program to educate the public about this simple lawsuit. This will help to prevent any errors when filing a case resolved through a simple lawsuit.
The Challenges of Effective English Language Teaching in Saudi Schools
Authors: AlFares Nurah Saleh
Published: September 2024

Teaching English language effectively is crucial for helping English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners communicate in the target language. Effective EFL teaching can lead to rich production and use of the language. In this study the researcher aim to explore the difficulties that EFL teachers encounter, difficulties that limit their application of effective teaching methods in Saudi schools. The researcher collected data using a questionnaire that included challenges related to various factors: the learning environment, the textbook, EFL learners, EFL teachers, and the use of technology. The participants of this study included 112 English language teachers from different cities in Saudi Arabia. The main results indicated that EFL teachers in Saudi schools face numerous challenges related to the classroom environment, the EFL textbook, the EFL learners, and technology tools in the classroom. Because the researcher explored the difficulties of using effective methods based on EFL teachers’ perceptions, the findings could assist the Ministry of Education and policymakers in investigating and overcoming the challenges EFL teachers face to enhance their application of effective methods in Saudi schools. 
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 17, No. 5
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: September 2024

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2024
The Mediating Effect of Information Technology Usage on the Relationship of Internal Audit Processes and Internal Auditor Competence towards Internal Audit Effectiveness: Evidence from the Chinese Financial Sector
Authors: Chi Zhang , Shah Sabarina Mohammed , Wai Lau Yeng , Ngalim Siti Manisah
Published: September 2024

The effectiveness of internal auditing is determined by various factors, such as the independence of the internal audit function, auditors’ competence, effective audit planning, efficient audit processes, and support from senior management. The digitalization and informatization of modern enterprises have transformed the way companies are managed and have similarly impacted internal audit practices. Informatization not only alters traditional internal audit processes but also changes auditors’ ways of working and thinking. From the perspective of resource-based theory, the effective allocation and full utilization of human, technological and organizational resources can enhance the effectiveness of internal audit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of internal audit processes (IAP) and internal auditor competence (IAC) on internal audit effectiveness (IAE), as well as the mediating effect of information technology usage (ITU) on the relationship between IAP and IAC and IAE. To test the proposed hypotheses, a questionnaire survey was conducted within Chinese financial enterprises, yielding a total of 133 valid responses. Statistical data analysis was performed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) method. The results indicate that both IAP and IAC have a significant impact on IAE and ITU. Furthermore, ITU serves as a mediating factor, enhancing the positive contributions of IAP and IAC to IAE.
A Deep Learning-based U-Net 3+ Technique for Segmentation Blood Cell
Authors: Ulutaş Hasan
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel and enhanced UNet3Plus model tailored for the precise segmentation of blood cells in medical images. The architecture incorporates structural modifications, including strengthened connections between convolutional layers, increased filter numbers, and integration of Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning. The model's generalization capability is optimized through the dynamic adjustment of dropout rates and learning rates. Bayesian optimization facilitates the exploration of optimal hyperparameter combinations, allowing the model to adapt effectively to diverse datasets. Advanced training strategies, such as adaptive learning rate adjustment and early stopping, are employed to mitigate overfitting and enhance training efficiency. The proposed model exhibits exceptional performance across multiple folds, achieving low training and validation losses, high accuracy metrics, and robust segmentation indices. Evaluation metrics, including Mean IoU (Jaccard Index), Dice score, Pixel Accuracy, and Precision, affirm the model's proficiency in accurately delineating blood cell boundaries. The study contributes to the field of deep learning-based medical image segmentation by showcasing the effectiveness of customized architectures and optimization techniques. The proposed UNet3Plus model stands as a promising solution for accurate and reliable blood cell segmentation, demonstrating adaptability and robust performance across various datasets. This work sets the stage for future research in the domain of medical image segmentation, emphasizing the potential for continued advancements in precise and efficient segmentation methodologies.
Optical Characterization of Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Özmenteş Reşit , Korkut Abdulkadir
Published: September 2024

Contact lenses are biomaterials that have emerged as an alternative to glasses in correcting vision defects. In this study, Nesofilcon A (Hydrogel-Hy) and Delefilcon A (Silicone Hydrogel-SiHy) daily disposable soft contact lenses were optically examined using UV-visible light spectroscopy. Optical absorption and transmittance measurements of the lenses were taken with a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and their properties of blocking the harmful part of the radiation to the eye and transmitting the harmless part were investigated. From the absorption spectrum, it was seen that the Nesofilcon A lens absorbed ultraviolet light better. From the optical absorption coefficient spectra of Nesofilcon A and Delefilcon A lenses, the absorption edges were obtained as 386 and 325 nm, and the optical band gap values were 3.34 and 3.98 eV, respectively. Additionally, the refractive index profiles of the lenses were plotted. The refractive indices of the lenses at 550 nm wavelength were calculated as 1.55 and 1.77 for Nesofilcon A and Delefilcon A, respectively. While the Delefilcon A lens transmitted visible light well, the Nesofilcon A lens blocked UV light better and its refractive index was determined to be closer to the 1.40 the value specified by the manufacturer.
An Examination of the Electronic, Optical, and Thermodynamic Properties of Β-Gan
Authors: Noori Aya Farman , Ghaleb Abdulhadi Mirdan , Salih Ali Ismail
Published: September 2024

The current work involves the systematic examination of the features of Gallium Nitride (GaN) including the electronic, optical, structural, and thermodynamic features, depending on first principles calculation. This is according to approximations, (LDA), (GGA), and (m-GGA). The bandgap energies of Gallium nitride are (1.85 eV, 1.93 eV, and 2.179 eV), respectively. Furthermore, our study also reveals that GaN has a direct bandgap and is highly stable. Finally, our results indicate that the m-GGA method accurately predicts the bandgap energy of GaN. The m-GGA method outperforms both LDA and GGA methods in accuracy to predict the bandgap energy of GaN, as evidenced by its closest approximation to the experimental value. To determine the orbital nature of the Gallium and Nitrogen atoms, the state density and state partial density of Gallium nitride were simulated. The absorption coefficient of Gallium nitride is computed and analyzed in depth for the optical transitions. The absorption coefficient of Gallium nitride is affected by various factors, including the material's band structure, temperature, doping level, and the energy of the incident photons. In addition to that, the thermodynamic properties that can be calculated like enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, free energy, and Debye temperature enable us to understand the thermal behavior of the compound better. The heat capacity of α-GaN is detected to be (39.9, 25.5, and 32.4) Jmole-1K-1, and a Debye temperature of 807 K, 1134 K, and 866 K for LDA, GGA, and m-GGA, respectively. This research will offer a detailed interpretation of β-GaN, covering all its basic properties and possible applications in electronic devices and optoelectronic devices. The results of this study are very important and the new technologies that will be developed based on the Cubic phase - GaN research will be very beneficial.
John McGrath’s Socialist Theatre: An Analysis of the Cheviot, the Stag, and the Black, Black Oil
Authors: Nazki Sibgatuullah
Published: September 2024

This study examines John McGrath as a pioneering figure in British socialist theatre, renowned for using drama to critique social and political issues. McGrath sought to provoke thought and action against inequalities by addressing the struggles of marginalized populations. This paper focuses on his seminal work, The Cheviot, the Stag, and the Black, Black Oil (1973), which is pivotal in socially committed theatre. The play vividly portrays Scottish history, intertwining historical narrative with political analysis to explore economic and social inequalities. It highlights McGrath’s influence on contemporary theatre through his innovative approach and socialist stance. The paper delves into the thematic concerns and narrative structure of the play, emphasizing its impact on discussions of class, power, and identity, and its enduring relevance in modern theatre.
Integration of Photovoltaic and DSTATCOM In the Distribution Network Using Rat Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Tounsi Fokui Willy Stephen , Rene Ebunle Akupan , Mtonga Thomson
Published: September 2024

Power loss minimization and improved voltage profile have been major challenges faced by the electrical distribution network (DN) mainly because of the long length of the feeders and the high resistance to reactance (R/X) ratio of the DN. A lot of techniques have been investigated to solve these problems. One of the most prominent is the optimal integration of distributed generation (DG) such as photovoltaic (PV) as well as the integration of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) into the network. The main challenge with this solution has been the determination of the optimal sizes and sites of the DG and/or DSTATCOM. This paper seeks to optimize the simultaneous allocation of multiple DSTATCOMs and PVs in the DN for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement using the rat swarm optimization (RSO) technique, which is a simple, yet robust optimization technique. The optimization problem is formulated to minimize power loss, voltage deviation index, and maximize the voltage stability index. The IEEE 33 node DN is used as a test network and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the RSO technique in finding the best sizes and locations of the PVs and the DSTATCOMs. The power losses of the network are reduced from 210.996 kW, and 143.129 kVAr when there is no DSTATCOM nor PVs in the network to 26.155 kW, and 19.128 kVAr when DSTATCOM and PVs are simultaneously allocated into the network. A remarkable improvement in the voltage profile of the network is also observed with the minimum node voltage being 0.98 p.u. compared to 0.9038 p.u. when there are no DSTATCOMs or PVs. The RSO results were compared with other techniques from the literature, and it proved its superiority.
Penerapan Permainan Kecil Hitam Hijau Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Kelas II A SDN Airlangga 1
Authors: Muhammad Dahlan Asyari  , Dony Andrijanto  , Luthfi Aidin
Published: September 2024

Education is a conscious and planned effort that aims to develop students' potential to achieve a better life. In the context of physical education, quality learning plays an important role in increasing students' interest and creativity. Physical activity, as taught in PJOK subjects, is very important for the physical-motor development of students, especially in elementary school children. However, observations show that the gross motor development of grade 2 students is not optimal and teachers lack innovation in the use of media and games. Traditional games, such as black and green, can be a solution to improve students' gross motor skills while creating a fun learning atmosphere. This study aims to explore the application of black and green games in improving the gross motor skills of 8-year-old students, with the hope of making a positive contribution to PJOK learning.
Implementasi Permainan Tradisional Batok Kelapa Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koordinasi Gerak dan Keseimbangan Tubuh
Authors: Nanda Agil Bagus Wicaksono  , Anung Priambodo  , Marsudianto Marsudianto
Published: September 2024

This research aims to improve the movement coordination and body balance abilities of class 1C students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya through the implementation of the traditional coconut shell game. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant improvement in students' motor skills. At pre-cycle, only 25% of students achieved the expected skills. After implementing the coconut shell game, the percentage of students who completed it increased to 42.86% in the first cycle and 82.14% in the second cycle. This increase indicates that the traditional coconut shell game is an effective method in developing students' movement coordination and body balance skills and providing a fun and active learning experience.
Apakah Masuk Akal untuk Berdoa: Kajian Filsafat Agama
Authors: Manggala Wiriya Tantra  , Dida Wanti
Published: September 2024

Human anxiety about life leads to a prayer ritual for religious people. Praying is considered an effective way to realize dreams, but there is also an assumption that it is unreasonable. The purpose of this study is to present a perspective on prayer. The research methodology uses literature studies to support the achievement of research objectives. The results of the study are that prayer is not a shortcut to solving problems that require mastery of all relevant facts. Someone who prays only with the aim of using God to solve their own problems, means violating the basic principles of all social and moral relationships. Prayer has a great influence on humans psychologically, such as being able to calm, soothe and convince themselves of the life choices that have been decided to be lived. The essence of prayer is an extension of togetherness and community concern.
Efektivitas Konsumsi Ubi Jalar Rebus dan Jus Pisang dalam Mengontrol Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Bojonggede Tahun 2024
Authors: Ella Nurlaela  , Ratna Wulandari  , Rita Ayu Yolandia
Published: September 2024

Hypertension in pregnant women is a health issue that needs to be properly addressed to prevent complications. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of consuming boiled sweet potatoes and banana juice in controlling hypertension in pregnant women at Bojonggede Health Center in 2024. The method used was a case study. Respondent 1 was given 300 grams of boiled sweet potatoes and 10 mg of nifedipine for seven days, while Respondent 2 was given 200 ml of banana juice and 10 mg of nifedipine with the same procedure. Blood pressure measurements were taken on the first and seventh days. The results showed that in the boiled sweet potato respondent, blood pressure decreased from 150/100 mmHg to 140/100 mmHg, while in the banana juice respondent, the reduction was more significant, from 150/100 mmHg to 130/90 mmHg. These findings indicate that banana juice is more effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women compared to boiled sweet potatoes, making it a potential alternative in hypertension management.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ АДВОКАЦІЇ ТА ЛОБІЮВАННЯ НЕУРЯДОВИМИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯМИ ІНТЕРЕСІВ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Вахович Ірина , Смолич Дарія
Published: September 2024

The article explores the possibilities of advocacy and lobbying of the interests of business entities by non-governmental organizations, in particular public organizations, public unions whose activities are aimed at supporting the development of entrepreneurship, employers' organizations and their associations, chambers of commerce and industry. The functions of non-governmental business support organizations were considered: protection and representation of business interests in relations with authorities in order to improve the conditions for conducting business, legislation, and the elimination of regulatory barriers; legal support; informational support and training; establishment of relationships and communication support; resource support. The advocacy function of non-governmental organizations and the tools for its implementation, including participation in public councils at executive bodies, public examination of regulatory acts, and others, are analyzed in detail. The concepts of "advocacy" and "lobbying" have been thoroughly researched and delineated, in accordance with the legal definition, the subjects of implementation, and the difference in the purpose and content of the activity. The main methods of implementation of advocacy and lobbying of the interests of business entities by non-governmental organizations were analyzed, a problematic aspect was established, which consists in the fact that the methods of implementation of such activities have a lot in common, which in the future, with the introduction of the law from 2025, will lead to controversial issues in the process of detection by controlling bodies of manifestations of lobbying by non-governmental organizations, as well as the process of identification of commercial interest in the activities of non-commercial organizations when establishing the fact of lobbying is assumed to be debatable. An analysis of the legal regulation of the implementation of advocacy and lobbying in Ukraine, including by non-governmental organizations in accordance with the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine, was carried out. The absence of the concept of "advocacy" and related concepts in the Law of Ukraine "On Lobbying" was established, which is positive, and it was clarified that the law does not apply to the activities of non-profit organizations and institutions, in particular public associations, except in cases when such activities relate to commercial interests. The possibility of implementing lobbying by non-governmental organizations was considered, provided they received the appropriate status.
Domingo, Andreu (ed.) (2023). La coartada demográfica y el discurso de la involución en España
Authors: Marbán Martínez Laura
Published: September 2024

Domingo, Andreu (ed.) (2023).La coartada demográfica y el discurso de la involución en EspañaVilassar de Dalt: Icaria, 287 p.ISBN 978-84-19778-41-3
VACINAS DE RNA: POTENCIAL E DESAFIOS NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS
Authors: Souza Vanessa , Nascimento Cátia Maria Geralda dos Santos Nascimento , Silva Isla , Mello Priscila
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre o potencial e os desafios das vacinas de RNA na prevenção de doenças infecciosas, com foco nas vacinas contra a COVID-19. O estudo também explorou suas possíveis aplicações futuras, como imunoterapias para o câncer e o tratamento de doenças crônicas. Método: A revisão foi conduzida a partir de uma busca sistemática em bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, incluindo estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2024. Foram selecionados artigos que abordassem a eficácia, segurança, desafios logísticos e aplicações terapêuticas das vacinas de RNA. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 26 artigos foram selecionados para análise. Resultados: As vacinas de RNA apresentaram alta eficácia na prevenção de infecções sintomáticas, com eficácia inicial superior a 90%, embora tenha havido uma queda significativa na imunidade após seis meses, destacando a necessidade de doses de reforço. Em termos de segurança, os eventos adversos foram predominantemente leves e transitórios, com raros casos de miocardite. A necessidade de armazenamento em temperaturas extremamente baixas foi identificada como um obstáculo significativo para a distribuição em países de baixa e média renda. As vacinas de RNA também mostraram potencial promissor em ensaios clínicos de imunoterapia para o câncer. Conclusão: As vacinas de RNA oferecem uma resposta eficaz contra doenças infecciosas e têm aplicações terapêuticas promissoras. No entanto, desafios relacionados à logística de distribuição e à necessidade de doses de reforço contínuas exigem estratégias globais para maximizar seu impacto.
IDENTIFIKASI KUALITAS PENDANAAN DANA PENSIUN MENGGUNAKAN RASIO PENDANAAN PROGRAM MANFAAT PENSIUN PADA BERBAGAI ASUMSI TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA
Authors: Rahmadhianty Nadya , Novika Fanny
Published: September 2024

Perubahan tingkat bunga aktuaria memiliki pengaruh terhadap proses perhitungan kewajiban program pensiun khususnya dana pensiun yang memiliki program manfaat pasti. Perubahan 1% (satu persen) tingkat bunga aktuaria  dapat memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap kewajiban. Perhitungan aktuaria terhadap kewajiban aktuaria tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi Rasio Pendanaan Dana Pensiun, di mana, Rasio Pendanaan adalah salah satu alat ukur untuk dapat menilai kemampuan Dana Pensiun untuk memenuhi kewajiban dalam membayar manfaat pensiun kepada pesertanya. Proses penentuan tingkat bunga ini perlu dilakukan dengan penuh kehati-hatian karena akan berdampak langsung pada rasio pendaaan Dana Pensiun dimana hal tersebut merupakan salah satu indikator kemampuan keuangan Dana Pensiun yang diawasi oleh regulator. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Rasio Pendanaan Dana Pensiun dalam mengidentifikasi Kualitas Pendanaannya dengan pengujian menggunakan tingkat bunga aktuaria yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif deskriptif dan dilakukan dengan metode perhitungan Attained Age Normal (AAN). Perhitungan dilakukan dengan tingkat bunga aktuaria yang berbeda sehingga akan menghasilkan estimasi perbandingan Rasio Pendanaan dan Kualitas Pendanaannya selama tahun 2022 hingga 2026. Dari proses yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan data demografi Dana Pensiun pada tahun berjalan, dihasilkan penggunaan tingkat bunga yang lebih besar akan menghasilkan nilai kewajiban yang lebih rendah dan sebaliknya. Sehingga, penggunaan tingkat bunga yang lebih besar akan membuat Rasio Pendaaan dan Kualitas Pendanaannya semakin baik.
Kontrol Optimal untuk Model Coffee Berry Disease dengan Vektor Pembawa Colletotrichum kahawae
Authors: Rizka Sailah Ar , Kholifia Nadia
Published: September 2024

Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) adalah penyakit jamur pada kopi yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum kahawae dan menyebabkan kerugian yang besar dalam segi kualitas dan kuantitias kopi yang dihasilkan. Kontrol optimal diterapkan pada model CBD yang melibatkan interaksi antara vektor pembawa dengan jamur patogen. Strategi kontrol meliputi penggunaan fungisida dan agen biokontrol. Masalah kontrol optimal dirumuskan untuk meminimalkan biaya implementasi intervensi beserta banyaknya kopi yang terinfeksi, jamur patogen dan vektor pembawanya. Eksistensi kontrol optimal dan syarat perlu optimalitas diselesaikan dengan menggunakan Prinsip Minimal Pontryagin. Keefektivan biaya implementasi dari beberapa strategi kontrol yang mungkin diperiksa dengan menggunakan Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Simulasi numerik menunjukkan keefektifan kontrol optimal dalam mengendalikan CBD.
MODERN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE HABITATS OF POTENTIALLY MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Salnikov V. G. , Polyakova S. Ye. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: September 2024

The article considers climatic features of habitats of potentially medicinal plants are according to the data from 33 meteorological stations for the period from 1991 to 2023. Statistical analysis and visualization of the data using boxplot diagrams were carried out. Seasonal and annual trends in air temperature and precipitation amounts in the habitats of medicinal plants were analyzed. In all areas, in all seasons of the year, there is an increase in air temperature. Only in the areas of Southern Kazakhstan and Piedmont zone of Ile-Alatau there is a slight decrease in temperature in autumn. In general, there is a widespread increase in temperature by 0.29-0.62 °C/10 years per year, with significant trends for spring and summer. The analysis of the time course of monthly precipitation sums showed that there is a diverse change in precipitation, all trends are insignificant, with the exception of autumn for the Central Kazakhstan area. The study of seasonal and annual variations in the main meteorological variables in the habitats of potentially medicinal plants is an important aspect both for understanding the peculiarities of plant growth and for optimizing the processes of their cultivation, collection and use for medicinal purposes. Meteorological conditions, such as air temperature and precipitation, are playing a key role in shaping the biological characteristics of medicinal plants, their active constituents and therapeutic properties.
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM
Authors:   JSC «Institute of Geography and Water Security», Medeu А. R. , Alimkulov S. K. ,   JSC «Institute of Geography and Water Security», Makhmudova L. K. ,   JSC «Institute of Geography and Water Security», Baspakova G. R. ,   JSC «Institute of Geography and Water Security»
Published: September 2024

The article considers the key aspects of optimization of the composition and placement of the hydrological network of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of ensuring sustainable monitoring of water resources. The main attention is paid to the preservation of reference (long-row) observation points necessary for territorial generalizations, development of methods for hydrological calculations and forecasts, as well as assessment of long-term changes in the hydrological regime in the context of climate change. The scientific study emphasizes the importance of increasing the number of information posts to improve the reliability of hydrological forecasts and warnings of hazardous phenomena, equipping the hydrological network with modern equipment in strategically important areas, and restoring specialized observation points for experimental research. The implementation of the proposed measures will meet the current and future needs of the economy for hydrological information, as well as improve the accuracy and reliability of hydrological calculations and forecasts.
TESTING THE POSIBILITIES OF THE METHOD OF OPERATIONAL MONITORING OF MOUNTAINS GLACIAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Central Asian Regional Glaciological Center as a category 2 under the auspices of UNESCO, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Tatkova M. Ye. , Severskiy I. V. ,   Central Asian Regional Glaciological Center as a category 2 under the auspices of UNESCO, Usmanova Z. S. ,   Central Asian Regional Glaciological Center as a category 2 under the auspices of UNESCO, Kapitsa V. P. ,   Central Asian Regional Glaciological Center as a category 2 under the auspices of UNESCO
Published: September 2024

The article considers the possibilities of assessing the glaciation area of ​​the Northern Ile and Ile-Kungey glacier systems based on monitoring data from a limited sample of test glaciers. During testing in each of the mentioned glacier systems, based on the data on the area of ​​two samples of 10 glaciers, their total sample (20 glaciers) and their share in the total area of ​​glaciers in each of the named glaciation regions, the area of ​​glaciers of the corresponding glacier system was calculated. According to the testing results, the values ​​of the correlation coefficient of the calculated and actual (based on the results of glacier cataloguing) values ​​of the glaciation area for the three mentioned glacier samples were 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99 for the Northern Ile glacier system and 0.99, 0.97, and 0.99 for the Ilei-Kungey, respectively. The testing results leave no doubt about the possibility of operational monitoring of the glaciation area dynamics of mountain glacier systems based on the data on the area of ​​a limited sample of glaciers of the corresponding glacier system with an error of no more than ±5 %. According to the testing results, the calculated values ​​of the glacier area of ​​the considered glacier systems in 88 % of cases were less than 5% of the actual values, and only in 4 cases out of 33 (12 %) they exceeded this threshold, with an average deviation of the calculated data from the actual values ​​of less than 2 % and the largest calculation errors of 7.8 and -9.6 %. This indicates the high efficiency of the method of operational monitoring of mountain glacier systems. It allows to rapidly (with a repeatability from once every few years to annually) assess the loss of perennial ice in the considered glacier system and the contribution of glacial meltwater to the formation of river flow. Which, in its turn, is a good basis for the corresponding modeling of current and predicted changes.
POLLUTION OF SOIL COVER OF LANDSCAPES IN TURKESTAN REGION DUE TO THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akhmetova D. S. , Ramazanova N. Ye. ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Yeginbayeva A. Ye. ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kenzhebay R. N. ,   Auezov South Kazakhstan State University
Published: September 2024

Turkestan region is located in the south of Kazakhstan and is one of the industrially and agri-culturally developed regions of the republic. As the intensity of nature management in Turkestan region increases, pollution occurs under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Taking into account anthropogenic factors, the composition of chemical elements of the soil cover in genetic layers was studied in typical natural areas of the landscape system; and soil sections were made to determine the composition. The concentrations of chemical elements (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Pb, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, V, Tl, Mn, and Sr) were analyzed based on the results of the analysis of samples from soil sections. The amount of chemical elements of the soil cover was determined using the Spectroscan MAX GF-2E device. The obtained data were statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel program. Chemical analysis of the soil cover (Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cr) showed that the chemical elements exceed the maximum allowable concentration. The results of the study are the basis for developing recommendations for solving problems related to the pollution of landscapes due to the impact of anthropogenic factors on the soil cover.
Primary somatosensory cortex CB1 and 5‑HT1A receptors interaction in the penicillin model of epilepsy
Authors: Erfanparast Amir , Tamaddonfard Sina , Jafarzadeh‑Balagafsheh Parastoo , Tamaddonfard Esmaeal
Published: September 2024

Cannabinoid and serotonin systems regulate many biological processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional interaction between the cannabinoid and serotonergic systems of the primary somatosensory region (S1) of the brain in epileptiform activity caused by penicillin. The ACEA (an agonist of CB1 receptor), AM‑251 (an antagonist of CB1 receptor), 8‑OH‑DPAT (an agonist of 5‑HT1A receptor) and WAY‑100635 (an antagonist of 5‑HT1A receptor) were administered into the S1 after the same site administration of penicillin in urethane‑anesthetized rats. Electrocorticographic recording was done for a 90‑min period. The spike waves number and amplitude were recorded in 15‑min intervals. Areas under the curve (AUC) of the above‑mentioned spike alterations was calculated in 90 min. Spike waves with frequency of 30/min and amplitude of 1.3 mV were appeared after penicillin microinjection. The ACEA (50 ng), 8‑OH‑DPAT (500 ng) and ACEA (10 ng) plus 8‑OH‑DPAT (100 ng) reduced epileptiform activity. The AM‑251 (50 ng) and WAY‑100365 (500 ng) prevented the reducing effects of ACEA (50 ng) and 8‑OH‑DPAT (500 ng). The AM‑251 alone increased spike waves frequency. The AUC results supported the effects of the above‑mentioned treatments. The results showed that activating CB1 and 5‑HT1A receptors in the S1 may reduce the epileptiform activity caused by penicillin. Therefore, alone and together activation of central CB1 and 5‑HT1A receptors might be considered in the management of epilepsy treatment.
La educación desde una perspectiva holística con un enfoque de protección de derechos constitucionales
Authors: Vélez López Lorena Monserrate , Loor Cornejo Angélica Lagerloff , Zambrano-Mendieta José Eugenio
Published: September 2024

Este estudio tiene como propósito examinar la integración de una perspectiva holística en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano, enfocándose en la protección de los derechos constitucionales de los estudiantes. Se parte de la premisa de que una educación de calidad debe contemplar el bienestar académico, emocional, social y físico de los alumnos, alineándose con los derechos fundamentales garantizados por la Constitución de Ecuador. Sin embargo, en el contexto ecuatoriano, existen importantes desafíos para implementar efectivamente esta visión integral. La problemática se centra en la desigualdad en el acceso a recursos educativos, la carencia de una formación integral en el currículo y la insuficiente protección de los derechos estudiantiles en el entorno educativo. A pesar de que la Constitución asegura una educación equitativa y de calidad, las comunidades en áreas rurales y desfavorecidas enfrentan barreras que limitan el cumplimiento total de estos derechos. La falta de preparación docente para abordar aspectos holísticos de la educación agrava el problema.  Se busca identificar las barreras actuales y las oportunidades para mejorar el enfoque educativo, evaluando las políticas y prácticas existentes y proponiendo mejoras basadas en modelos exitosos de otras regiones.
Javne nabavke - pojedina ključna pitanja
Authors: Timotijević Đorđe
Published: September 2024

The paper analyses certain issues related to public procurement in general, as well as the public procurement procedure and the personnel responsible for conducting the procedure. The starting point is the international and domestic legal framework of the public procurement procedure, in order to further elaborate and analyse particular provisions of the domestic legislation that are important for the proper and quality implementation of the procurement procedure. Therefore, the paper pays special attention to the principles of public procurement, the Republic Commission for the Protection of Rights in Public Procurement Procedures as the main authority responsible for the protection of the rights of business entities that are participants in public procurement procedures, professionalization, i.e. professional development of public procurement officers, the relationship between public procurement and public interest, the criteria for selecting the most favourable offer and the protection of competition in the public procurement procedure. The aim of the paper is to point out certain adequate legal solutions in the field of public procurement, but also certain problems that arise during the implementation of the procurement procedure itself. At the same time, the paper contains a comparison between former and today´s legal regulations, as well as proposals for improving the quality of conducting the public procurement procedure. The paper also presents some key issues that are important for the proper functioning of the public procurement system along with the ways in which the procurement process can be improved to the extent necessary to achieve its main goals and improve the public policy of a country.