bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 3-D Unsteady Hydrodynamics Design Methodology for Underwater Vehicles and Appendages
Authors: Geder Jason D. , Ramamurti Ravi , Sandberg William C. , Palmisano John , Pruessner Marius , Ratna Banahalli
Published: September 2021

Underwater vehicles, and particularly unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), are becoming increasingly identified as safe and cost-effective solutions for a wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, facilities and vessel inspection, and exploration, often in hazardous environments or conditions. To address the growing need for UUV operations in hazardous environments, designs of unconventional, mission-specific platforms are being investigated in larger numbers. Operational performance requirements, such as precise hovering and very low speed maneuvering in currents and under waves for in-shore operations, demand a vehicle capable of rapid response to a changing environment by production of the proper time-varying balance of lift and thrust. In these highly dynamic flow fields, standard steady drag and moment curves are not valid models. Also, standard semi-empirical methods for coefficient estimation based on linearized Taylor Series expansions are not available for these systems, as neither full-scale nor model-scale performance data exist, except possibly in the case of torpedo-like hulls. This lack of existing data and modeling capability for unconventional systems led us to pursue the development of a high-fidelity direct computational method as a starting point to inform the designs and estimate performance in a highly nonlinear flow regime.
Multicultural attitudes in Europe: A multilevel analysis of perceived compatibility between individual and collective justice
Authors: Gale Jessica , Staerklé Christian , Green Eva G. T. , Visintin Emilio Paolo
Published: September 2021

Contemporary political philosophers debate the degree to which multiculturalism, with its emphasis on collective justice principles, is compatible with Western liberal societies’ core ideologies based on individual justice principles. Taking on a social psychological perspective, the present study offers a cross-national, multilevel examination of the asymmetric compatibility hypothesis, according to which majority and ethnic minority groups differ in the association between support for individualized immigration policies (based on individual justice principles) and support for multiculturalism (based on collective justice principles). Using data from Round 7 of the European Social Survey (N = 36,732), we compared minority and majority attitudes across 1) countries with stronger versus weaker equality policies at the national level (a Migrant Integration Policy Index [MIPEX] sub-dimension indicator), and 2) Western and post-communist European countries. In line with the asymmetric compatibility hypothesis, ethnic minorities perceived significantly less incompatibility between individual and collective justice than majorities. This majority-minority asymmetric compatibility was stronger in Western countries compared to post-communist European countries. Moreover, in Western countries and in countries with stronger equality policies, ethnic minorities generally supported multiculturalism to a greater extent than majorities. Overall, these findings suggest that deep-seated ideological orientations of national contexts shape minority and majority justice conceptions and hence, also, multicultural attitudes. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
The psychological and socio-political consequences of infectious diseases: Authoritarianism, governance, and nonzoonotic (human-to-human) infection transmission
Authors: Zmigrod Leor , Ebert Tobias , Götz Friedrich M. , Rentfrow Peter Jason
Published: September 2021

What are the socio-political consequences of infectious diseases? Humans have evolved to avoid disease and infection, resulting in a set of psychological mechanisms that promote disease-avoidance, referred to as the behavioral immune system (BIS). One manifestation of the BIS is the cautious avoidance of unfamiliar, foreign, or potentially contaminating stimuli. Specifically, when disease infection risk is salient or prevalent, authoritarian attitudes can emerge that seek to avoid and reject foreign outgroups while favoring homogenous, familiar ingroups. In the largest study conducted on the topic to date (N > 240,000), elevated regional levels of infectious pathogens were related to more authoritarian attitudes on three geographical levels: across U.S. metropolitan regions, U.S. states, and cross-culturally across 47 countries. The link between pathogen prevalence and authoritarian psychological dispositions predicted conservative voting behavior in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and more authoritarian governance and state laws, in which one group of people imposes asymmetrical laws on others in a hierarchical structure. Furthermore, cross-cultural analysis illustrated that the relationship between infectious diseases and authoritarianism was pronounced for infectious diseases that can be acquired from other humans (nonzoonotic), and does not generalize to other infectious diseases that can only be acquired from non-human species (zoonotic diseases). At a time of heightened awareness of infectious diseases, the current findings are important reminders that public health and ecology can have ramifications for socio-political attitudes by shaping how citizens vote and are governed.
Impactos ambientais provenientes das atividades de olarias nas regiões brasileiras
Authors: Lima Wilson Figueiredo de , Gutjahr Ana Lúcia Nunes , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: September 2021

Com o crescimento populacional e as atividades humanas desenvolvidas e para acompanhar esse crescimento, tem-se o setor produtivo de telhas e tijolos provenientes das olarias que são instaladas sem estudos prévios de impactos ambientais, visto que a extração da argila (matéria prima) utilizada causa destruição do solo e, portanto, grande preocupação com o meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa objetivou quantificar as publicações bibliográficas que abordavam os impactos causados pelas olarias nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2001 a 2018. Para a pesquisa bibliográfica foi utilizada a rede mundial de computadores (Internet) e as plataformas Scielo, Google acadêmico, usando como descritores os impactos causados pelas olarias no Brasil. Foram encontrados 65 trabalhos que envolviam os impactos ambientais provenientes das olarias, e constatou-se que a região Sul é a mais abordada nas publicações, correspondendo a 30,7%, do total inventariado. Esta região foi a única em que os Estados têm pelo menos uma publicação sobre o tema em questão. A região com menor índice de trabalhos é a Centro-Oeste com somente 3% de produções bibliográficas. Notou-se nas publicações que a maioria das olarias, não possui estudo prévio de impacto ambiental para sua instalação e nem um plano para a recuperação da área impactada pela extração da argila, o que causa um dano ambiental irreparável.
Análise de turbidez da água fornecida a empregados rurais na cidade de Três Corações/MG
Authors: Marinho Leandro Costa , Mendonça Alexandre Tourino , Melo Elisa Dias de , Marques Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor , Nordi João Carlos
Published: September 2021

Empresas e demais entes com personalidade jurídica responsáveis pelo tratamento e abastecimento de água se concentram nos centros urbanos, não atingindo a zona rural, salvo por exceções em localidade onde a expansão urbana já margeia a zona rural. Considerando este fato, a população rural acaba por se utilizar de fontes alternativas, captando a água bruta, que fica sujeita a toda sorte de contaminantes, seja por ação antrópica ou por ocorrências naturais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o parâmetro turbidez da água direcionada ao consumo de empregados em estabelecimentos rurais e indicar a tecnologia de tratamento de água mais simples que se amoldaria a melhorar a qualidade de água com base nos valores observados de turbidez nas análises laboratoriais realizadas. A pesquisa teve como população-alvo empregados rurais que se utilizam da água disponível em estabelecimentos com mais de dez empregados, situados no município de Três Corações/MG. Os levantamentos abrangeram três etapas: a primeira, de contato e autorizações concedidas pelos empregadores ou responsáveis pelos estabelecimentos rurais; a segunda de levantamento de dados dos locais de captação com verificação do número de indivíduos abastecidos pela água e a terceira, de realização de coleta das amostras de água e encaminhamento para laboratório acreditado. Nos locais de captação elegidos foi realizada coleta para análise da água, abrangendo o parâmetro turbidez. As avaliações abarcaram dezesseis locais de captação, distribuídos no interior de oito estabelecimentos rurais, todas captações de água subterrâneas e subsuperficiais, não havendo nenhuma em manancial superficial. Da população de empregados abrangida na pesquisa, 82,00% eram do sexo masculino e 17,00% do sexo feminino, todos maiores de idade e 26,72% residiam nos estabelecimentos rurais distribuídos em 48 edificações fornecidas pelos empregadores. As análises do parâmetro proposto demonstraram que a qualidade da água bruta captada nos estabelecimentos rurais mantinha níveis numéricos de turbidez que possibilitaria a submissão direta a processo de desinfecção em 75 % das amostras e os outros 25 % seriam passíveis de tratamento por processos simplificados de forma a melhorar sua qualidade.
Exactly, what do you mean?
Authors: Almagro Holgado Manuel , Villanueva Neftalí
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es explorar los límites de un subconjunto de los usos evalua-tivos del lenguaje: el discurso ofensivo. Nuestro objetivo es doble. Primero, introducimos la rela-ción que hay entre el contexto y las proferencias evaluativas, tal y como puede rastrearse en la literatura reciente acerca de la cuestión. Segundo, nos centramos en el estudio experimental de una interacción particular entre la información contextual y nuestras afirmaciones evaluativas: cuándo el contexto es capaz de convertir una pro-ferencia aparentemente descriptiva en una evalua-tiva. Para este segundo propósito, argumentamos, ciertas propuestas positivas recientes, a pesar de su mérito, son insuficientes.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the limits of a subset of the evaluative uses of language: offensive speech. More in particular, our goal is twofold. Firstly, we want to chart the relationship between context and evaluative utterances, as it stands in the current literature. Secondly, we focus on the experimental study of a particular interaction between contextual information and our evaluative claims –when the context is able to turn a seemingly descriptive utterance into an evaluative one. For this second purpose, we argue, certain recent positive proposals, in spite of their merit, come a bit short.
Response time impact of smoke alarms
Authors: Gilbert Stanley W , Cleary Thomas , Reneke Paul A , Peacock Richard , Butry David
Published: September 2021

It can be assumed that smoke alarms reduce reported fires and casualties by reducing on average the amount of time it takes to detect a fire. This paper sets out to determine by how much that detection time is reduced. It does so by comparing the effect of smoke-alarm presents (and time of day) to the effect of fire-department travel time using data from the National Fire Incident Reporting System. On average, smoke alarms reduce reporting time by 19.2 ( 0.016) minutes. This is comparable to the average time delay from having a fire at night. If smoke alarms are present, having a fire at night (between the hours of 11 and 6) adds 18.1 ( 0.013) minutes, and without an alarm, having a fire at night adds on average 20.5 ( 0.024). Smoke alarms are more effective at night, saving 2.4 ( 0.016) minutes more at night than during the day.
Interfirm network structure and firm resources: Towards a unifying concept
Authors:   D.Sc. (Tech.), Researcher, Aalto University School of Science, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, email: jesse.h.karjalainen@gmail.com, Karjalainen Jesse , Valtakoski Aku ,   Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, email: aku.valtakoski@liu.se, Kauranen Ilkka ,   D.Sc. (Tech.), Professor Emeritus, Aalto University School of Science, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, email: ilkka.kauranen@gmail.com
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: The objective of this paper is to propose a concept of network resource distribution that systematically unifies the resource-based and network-based perspectives on interfirm networks and enables integrated analysis of how firm resources and network structure interact to affect firm performance. METHODOLOGY: This conceptual paper first reviews the extant literature on interfirm networks and then develops the unifying concept of network resource distribution. FINDINGS: The literature review indicates that strategy scholars have long sought to integrate the resource-based view and the social network explanations of firm performance but, thus far, only a partial integration has been achieved. In particular, studies on the resource-level heterogeneity of interfirm networks have largely been limited to the analysis of firm dyads. How firm resources and network structure beyond the immediate network partners interact to affect firm performance has not yet been adequately addressed. The proposed unified concept of network resource distribution systematizes prior research and illuminates how network structure and firm resources interact to affect firm performance beyond the immediate network partners. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: For theory, this paper highlights gaps in the extant literature on interfirm networks and proposes a unifying concept that can be utilized to address these gaps and to develop further theory in the area. For practice, this paper encourages managers not to limit their analyses of strategic alliances to immediate partnerships; it is also crucial to consider the partners and their resources, and reflect on how they are related to one another outside of the immediate partnership portfolio. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Network resource distribution is a novel concept that ties together and systematizes various strands of research on interfirm networks, thus providing a foundation for future research in the area. The concept is also amenable to detailed operationalization, facilitating subsequent quantitative testing of theoretical arguments combining firm resources and the structure of a network.
Structural basis for diguanylate cyclase activation by its binding partner in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chen Gukui , Zhou Jiashen , Zuo Yili , Huo Weiping , Peng Juan , Li Meng , Zhang Yani , Wang Tietao , Zhang Lin , Zhang Liang , Liang Haihua
Published: September 2021

Cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is an important effector associated with acute-chronic infection transition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previously, we reported a signaling network SiaABCD, which regulates biofilm formation by modulating c-di-GMP level. However, the mechanism for SiaD activation by SiaC remains elusive. Here we determine the crystal structure of SiaC-SiaD-GpCpp complex and revealed a unique mirror symmetric conformation: two SiaD form a dimer with long stalk domains, while four SiaC bind to the conserved motifs on the stalks of SiaD and stabilize the conformation for further enzymatic catalysis. Furthermore, SiaD alone exhibits an inactive pentamer conformation in solution, demonstrating that SiaC activates SiaD through a dynamic mechanism of promoting the formation of active SiaD dimers. Mutagenesis assay confirmed that the stalks of SiaD are necessary for its activation. Together, we reveal a novel mechanism for DGC activation, which clarifies the regulatory networks of c-di-GMP signaling.
Neuronal calmodulin levels are controlled by CAMTA transcription factors
Authors: Vuong-Brender Thanh Thi , Flynn Sean , Vallis Yvonne , Sönmez Saliha E , de Bono Mario
Published: September 2021

The ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) binds and regulates many proteins, including ion channels, CaM kinases, and calcineurin, according to Ca2+-CaM levels. What regulates neuronal CaM levels, is, however, unclear. CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are ancient proteins expressed broadly in nervous systems and whose loss confers pleiotropic behavioral defects in flies, mice, and humans. Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, we show that CAMTAs control neuronal CaM levels. The behavioral and neuronal Ca2+ signaling defects in mutants lacking camt-1, the sole C. elegans CAMTA, can be rescued by supplementing neuronal CaM. CAMT-1 binds multiple sites in the CaM promoter and deleting these sites phenocopies camt-1. Our data suggest CAMTAs mediate a conserved and general mechanism that controls neuronal CaM levels, thereby regulating Ca2+ signaling, physiology, and behavior.
Witnessing the structural evolution of an RNA enzyme
Authors: Portillo Xavier , Huang Yu-Ting , Breaker Ronald R , Horning David P , Joyce Gerald F
Published: September 2021

An RNA polymerase ribozyme that has been the subject of extensive directed evolution efforts has attained the ability to synthesize complex functional RNAs, including a full-length copy of its own evolutionary ancestor. During the course of evolution, the catalytic core of the ribozyme has undergone a major structural rearrangement, resulting in a novel tertiary structural element that lies in close proximity to the active site. Through a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, structural probing, and deep sequencing analysis, the trajectory of evolution was seen to involve the progressive stabilization of the new structure, which provides the basis for improved catalytic activity of the ribozyme. Multiple paths to the new structure were explored by the evolving population, converging upon a common solution. Tertiary structural remodeling of RNA is known to occur in nature, as evidenced by the phylogenetic analysis of extant organisms, but this type of structural innovation had not previously been observed in an experimental setting. Despite prior speculation that the catalytic core of the ribozyme had become trapped in a narrow local fitness optimum, the evolving population has broken through to a new fitness locale, raising the possibility that further improvement of polymerase activity may be achievable.
Creative Union
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: September 2021

Why did the Stalin era, a period characterized by bureaucratic control and the reign of Socialist Realism in the arts, witness such an extraordinary upsurge of musical creativity and the prominence of musicians in the cultural elite? This is one of the questions that this book seeks to answer. The book shows how the Union of Soviet Composers established control over the music profession and negotiated the relationship between composers and the Communist Party leadership. Central to the book's argument is the institutional authority and prestige that the musical profession accrued and deployed within Soviet society, enabling musicians to withstand the postwar disciplinary campaigns that were so crippling in other artistic and literary spheres. Most accounts of Soviet musical life focus on famous individuals or the campaign against Shostakovich's ‘Lady Macbeth’ and Zhdanov's postwar attack on musical formalism. This book's approach, while not downplaying these notorious events, shows that the Union was able to develop and direct a musical profession that enjoyed enormous social prestige. The Union's leadership was able to use its expertise to determine the criteria of musical value with a degree of independence. The book reveals the complex and mutable interaction of creative intelligentsia and political elite in a period hitherto characterized as one of totalitarian control.
Last Subway
Authors: Plotch Philip Mark
Published: September 2021

This book is the fascinating and dramatic story behind New York City's struggle to build a new subway line under Second Avenue and improve transit services all across the city. The book reveals why the city's subway system, once the best in the world, is now too often unreliable, overcrowded, and uncomfortable. It explains how a series of uninformed and self-serving elected officials have fostered false expectations about the city's ability to adequately maintain and significantly expand its transit system. Since the 1920s, New Yorkers have been promised a Second Avenue subway. When the first of four planned phases opened on Manhattan's Upper East Side in 2017, subway service improved for tens of thousands of people. Riders have been delighted with the clean, quiet, and spacious new stations. Yet these types of accomplishments will not be repeated unless New Yorkers learn from their century-long struggle. The book offers valuable lessons in how governments can overcome political gridlock and enormous obstacles to build grand projects. However, it is also a cautionary tale for cities. It reveals how false promises, redirected funds, and political ambitions have derailed subway improvements. Given the ridiculously high cost of building new subways in New York and their lengthy construction period, the Second Avenue subway (if it is ever completed) will be the last subway built in New York for generations to come.
Far from the Caliph's Gaze
Authors: Evans Nicholas H. A.
Published: September 2021

How do you prove that you're Muslim? This is not a question that most believers ever have to ask themselves, and yet for members of India's Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, it poses an existential challenge. The Ahmadis are the minority of a minority—people for whom simply being Muslim is a challenge. They must constantly ask the question: What evidence could ever be sufficient to prove that I belong to the faith? This book explores how a need to respond to this question shapes the lives of Ahmadis in Qadian in northern India. Qadian was the birthplace of the Ahmadiyya community's founder, and it remains a location of huge spiritual importance for members of the community around the world. Nonetheless, it has been physically separated from the Ahmadis' spiritual leader—the caliph—since partition, and the believers who live there now and act as its guardians must confront daily the reality of this separation even while attempting to make their Muslimness verifiable. By exploring the centrality of this separation to the ethics of everyday life in Qadian, the book presents a new model for the academic study of religious doubt, one that is not premised on a concept of belief but instead captures the richness with which people might experience problematic relationships to truth.
The Venture Capital State
Authors: Klingler-Vidra Robyn
Published: September 2021

The Venture Capital State investigates the diffusion of the globally acclaimed Silicon Valley venture capital (VC) policy model. The spread of this model has been ubiquitous, with at least 45 states across a range of countries, in terms of geography, culture, and size, attempting to build local VC markets. In contrast to the transcendent exuberance for VC, policymakers in each and every state have implemented a distinct set of policies. Even states of similar population and economic sizes that are geographically and culturally proximate, and at comparable levels of industrialization, have not implemented similar policies. This book explains why: policymakers are “contextually rational” in their learning; their context-rooted norms shape preferences, underpinning their distinct valuations of studied models. The normative context of those learning about the policy – how they see themselves and what they deem as locally appropriate – informs their design. Findings are based upon deep investigations of VC policymaking in an East Asian cluster of states: Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. These states’ VC successes reflects their ability to effectively adapt the highly-lauded model for their local context, not their policymakers’ approximation of the Silicon Valley policy model.
The Commander's Dilemma
Authors: Hoover Green Amelia
Published: September 2021

Why do some military and rebel groups commit many types of violence, creating an impression of senseless chaos, whereas others carefully control violence against civilians? A classic catch-22 faces the leaders of armed groups. Leaders need large groups of people willing to kill and maim—but to do so only under strict control. How can commanders control violence when fighters who are not under direct supervision experience extraordinary stress, fear, and anger? This book argues that discipline is not enough in wartime. Restraint occurs when fighters know why they are fighting and believe in the cause—that is, when commanders invest in political education. Drawing on evidence about state and non-state groups in El Salvador, and extending the argument to the Mano River wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, the book shows that investments in political education can improve human rights outcomes even where rational incentives for restraint are weak—and that groups whose fighters lack a sense of purpose may engage in massive violence even where incentives for restraint are strong. It concludes that high levels of violence against civilians should be considered a “default setting,” not an aberration.
On the Threshold of Eurasia
Authors: Feldman Leah
Published: September 2021

On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus explores the idea of the Russian and Soviet “East” as a political, aesthetic and scientific system of ideas that contributed to the construction of Soviet discourses of ethnicity, empire, and literary modernity during the tumultuous first two decades of the twentieth century, from 1905 to 1929. It exposes connections between literary works, political essays, and orientalist history, geography, and ethnology written by Russian and Azeri Turkic Muslim writers and thinkers, many of whom have been unknown to Anglophone readers until now. Tracing translations and intertextual engagements across Russia, the Caucasus and western Europe, this book offers an alternative vision of empire, modernity and anti-imperialism from the vantage point of cosmopolitan centers in the Russian empire and Soviet Union. In this way, On the Threshold of Eurasia illustrates the pivotal impact of the literature of the Caucasus and the former Soviet periphery more broadly on the monumental aesthetic and political shifts of the early twentieth century.
Managing Risk in High-Stakes Faculty Employment Decisions
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: September 2021

Using a risk management framework, the book discusses the landscape of U.S. higher education and faculty employment decisions. Topics include institutional differences, challenges facing colleges and universities, the erosion of academic standards, administrative bloat, changing promotion and tenure standards, sexual harassment, and Title IX concerns about campus safety. Attention is also given to the manner in which faculty members are hired and mentored and the decision-making biases that affect the way in which faculty members are granted promotion and tenure. The social psychological aspects of faculty employment decisions have been largely ignored in the literature, and we attempt to shed some light on these issues as we deconstruct promotion and tenure decisions. Traditional legal concepts of contract and employment law are examined as they pertain to hiring, promotion, and tenure decisions along with the cherished, but changing, ideals of free speech, academic freedom, and collegiality that have altered how faculty must deal with the rising tensions of political correctness on campus.
Empire of Hope
Authors: Leheny David
Published: September 2021

How do emotions become meaningful in public life? Closely examining key episodes in Japanese politics, Empire of Hope examines the varied roles that feelings play in contemporary politics. They construct the boundaries of the national body, they inform and discipline appropriate expression, and they depoliticize messy problems that could quickly produce divisive questions about winners and losers. And most important, they work because they appear to be so natural: the simple and expected expression of how the nation shares feelings, even when they paper over the extraordinary divergence in how the nation’s members experience each incident. By emphasizing the embeddedness of emotional expression in national narratives, the book challenges recent arguments in the social sciences and humanities about role that emotions should play in political analysis. A unique array of case studies — from the medical treatment of two Vietnamese victims of Agent Orange to the global promotion of Japanese popular culture, and from a tragic maritime accident involving a US Navy submarine to the 2011 tsunami and nuclear disaster — illustrates the myriad ways in which political expression of feelings matter even as they are divorced from the messiness of people’s emotional lives.
Quarters
Authors: McCurdy John
Published: September 2021

This book examines the quartering of British soldiers in North America in the eighteenth century, using ideas of place to understand the political and social history of quartering. In colonial America, quartering in houses was common, but this practice was challenged with the arrival of the British army during the French and Indian War. Eager to keep British regulars out of private homes, the colonists built barracks and planted military geography in the heart of their cities. The Quartering Act emerged after the war as an attempt to extend British rights and responsibilities to the colonies, but the size and diversity of British North America inhibited this effort and fractured the empire. As quartering in Canada and the backcountry diverged from that in the American colonies, friction emerged between the colonists and the British army. Following the Boston Massacre, quartering became a divisive issue that encouraged the Americans to contemplate forming their own nation.
Rethinking Diabetes
Authors: Mendenhall Emily
Published: September 2021

Rethinking Diabetes investigates how "global" and "local" factors transform how diabetes is perceived, experienced, and embodied from place to place. The book argues that neoliberal capitalism fuels the intrinsic links between hunger and crisis, structural violence and fear, and cumulative trauma and psychiatric distress that are embodied in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (hereafter, "diabetes"). It suggests that a global story of modernization as the primary force in the spread of global diabetes overlooks the micro-level stressors that respond to structural inequalities and drive the underlying psychophysiological processes linking hunger, crisis, oppression, unbridled stress, and chronic psychological distress to diabetes. The narratives in this book unveil how deeply embedded such factors are in how diabetes is experienced and (re)produced among low-income communities around the world. Yet, the book focuses on four life stories – one from each context – to consider how diabetes is perceived and experienced in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya. These discrete chapters investigate how social, cultural, and epidemiological factors shape people's experiences and why we need to take these differences seriously when we think about what drives diabetes and how it affects the lives of the poor.
Competing Germanies
Authors: Kelz Robert
Published: September 2021

Following World War II, German antifascists and nationalists in Buenos Aires believed theater was crucial to their efforts at community-building, and each population devoted considerable resources to competing against its rival onstage. This book tracks the paths of several stage actors from European theaters to Buenos Aires and explores how two of Argentina's most influential immigrant groups, German nationalists and antifascists (Jewish and non-Jewish), clashed. Theatrical performances articulated strident Nazi, antifascist, and Zionist platforms. Meanwhile, as their thespian representatives grappled onstage for political leverage among emigrants and Argentines, behind the curtain, conflicts simmered within partisan institutions and among theatergoers. Publicly they projected unity, but offstage nationalist, antifascist, and Zionist populations were rife with infighting on issues of political allegiance, cultural identity and, especially, integration with their Argentine hosts. The book reveals interchange and even mimicry between antifascist and nationalist German cultural institutions. Furthermore, performances at both theaters also fit into contemporary invocations of diasporas, including taboos and postponements of return to the native country, connections among multiple communities, and forms of longing, memory, and (dis)identification. Sharply divergent at first glance, their shared condition as cultural institutions of emigrant populations caused the antifascist Free German Stage and the nationalist German Theater to adopt parallel tactics in community-building, intercultural relationships, and dramatic performance. Its cross-cultural, polyglot blend of German, Jewish, and Latin American studies gives the book a wide, interdisciplinary academic appeal and offers a novel intervention in Exile studies through the lens of theater, in which both victims of Nazism and its adherents remain in focus.
Stolen Song
Authors: Zingesser Eliza
Published: September 2021

This book documents the act of cultural appropriation that created a founding moment for French literary history: the rescripting and domestication of troubadour song, a prestige corpus in the European sphere, as French. This book also documents the simultaneous creation of an alternative point of origin for French literary history—a body of faux-archaic Occitanizing songs. Most scholars would find the claim that troubadour poetry is the origin of French literature uncomplicated and uncontroversial. However, this book shows that the “Frenchness” of this tradition was invented, constructed, and confected by francophone medieval poets and compilers keen to devise their own literary history. The book makes a major contribution to medieval studies both by exposing this act of cultural appropriation as the origin of the French canon and by elaborating a new approach to questions of political and cultural identity. It shows that these questions, usually addressed on the level of narrative and theme, can also be fruitfully approached through formal, linguistic, and manuscript-oriented tools.
Violating Peace
Authors: Westendorf Jasmine-Kim
Published: September 2021

This book investigates sexual misconduct by military peacekeepers and abuses perpetrated by civilian peacekeepers and non-UN civilian interveners. Based on extensive field research in Bosnia, Timor-Leste, and with the UN and humanitarian communities, the book uncovers a brutal truth about peacebuilding as it investigates how such behaviors affect the capacity of the international community to achieve its goals related to stability and peacebuilding, and its legitimacy in the eyes of local and global populations. As the book shows, when interveners perpetrate sexual exploitation and abuse, they undermine the operational capacity of the international community to effectively build peace after civil wars and to alleviate human suffering in crises. Furthermore, sexual misconduct by interveners poses a significant risk to the perceived legitimacy of the multilateral peacekeeping project, and the United Nations more generally, with ramifications for the nature and dynamics of United Nations in future peace operations. The book illustrates how sexual exploitation and abuse relates to other challenges facing UN peacekeeping, and shows how such misconduct is deeply linked to the broader cultures and structures within which peacekeepers work, and which shape their perceptions of and interactions with local communities. Effectively preventing such behaviors is crucial to global peace, order, and justice. The book thus identifies how policies might be improved in the future, based on an account of why they have failed to date.
More Than Medicine
Authors: Trotter LaTonya J.
Published: September 2021

This book chronicles the everyday work of a group of nurse practitioners (NPs) working on the front lines of the American health care crisis as they cared for four hundred African American older adults living with poor health and limited means. The book describes how these NPs practiced an inclusive form of care work that addressed medical, social, and organizational problems that often accompany poverty. In solving this expanded terrain of problems from inside the clinic, these NPs were not only solving a broader set of concerns for their patients; they became a professional solution for managing “difficult people” for both their employer and the state. Through the book, the reader discovers that the problems found in the NPs' exam room are as much a product of our nation's disinvestment in social problems as of physician scarcity or rising costs.
Undermining Racial Justice
Authors: Johnson Matthew
Published: September 2021

Over the last sixty years, administrators on college campuses nationwide have responded to black campus activists by making racial inclusion and inequality compatible. This bold argument is at the center of this book. Focusing on the University of Michigan, often a key talking point in national debates about racial justice thanks to the contentious Gratz v. Bollinger 2003 Supreme Court case, the book argues that UM leaders incorporated black student dissent selectively into the institution's policies, practices, and values. This strategy was used to prevent activism from disrupting the institutional priorities that campus leaders deemed more important than racial justice. Despite knowing that racial disparities would likely continue, the book demonstrates that these administrators improbably saw themselves as champions of racial equity. What the book contends is not that good intentions resulted in unforeseen negative consequences, but that the people who created and maintained racial inequities at premier institutions of higher education across the United States firmly believed they had good intentions in spite of all the evidence to the contrary. The case of the University of Michigan fits into a broader pattern at elite colleges and universities and is a cautionary tale for all in higher education. As the book illustrates, inclusion has always been a secondary priority, and, as a result, the policies of the late 1970s and 1980s ushered in a new and enduring era of racial retrenchment on campuses nationwide.
Freedom Incorporated
Authors: Woods Colleen
Published: September 2021

This book demonstrates how anticommunist political projects were critical to the United States' expanding imperial power in the age of decolonization, and how anticommunism was essential to the growing global economy of imperial violence in the Cold War era. The book shows how, in the mid-twentieth-century Philippines, U.S. policymakers and Filipino elites promoted the islands as a model colony. In the wake of World War II, as the decolonization movement strengthened, those same political actors pivoted and, after Philippine independence in 1946, lauded the archipelago as a successful postcolonial democracy. Despite elite propaganda, from the early 1930s to late 1950s, radical movements in the Philippines highlighted U.S. hegemony over the new Republic of the Philippines and, in so doing, threatened American efforts to separate the US from sordid histories of empire, imperialism, and the colonial racial order. The book finds that in order to justify U.S. intervention in an ostensibly independent Philippine nation, anticommunist Filipinos and their American allies transformed local political struggles in the Philippines into sites of resistance against global communist revolution. By linking political struggles over local resources to a war against communism, American and Filipino anticommunists legitimized the use of violence as a means to capture and contain alternative forms of political, economic, and social organization. Placing the post-World War II history of anticommunism in the Philippines within a larger imperial framework, the book illustrates how American and Filipino intelligence agents, military officials, paramilitaries, state bureaucrats, academics, and entrepreneurs mobilized anticommunist politics to contain challenges to elite rule in the Philippines.
Confessions of a Free Speech Lawyer
Authors: Smolla Rodney A.
Published: September 2021

This personal and frank book offers an insider's view on the violent confrontations in Charlottesville during the “summer of hate.” Blending memoir, courtroom drama, and a consideration of the unhealed wound of racism in our society, the book shines a light on the conflict between the value of free speech and the protection of civil rights. The author has spent his career in the thick of these tempestuous and fraught issues, from acting as lead counsel in a famous Supreme Court decision challenging Virginia's law against burning crosses, to serving as co-counsel in a libel suit brought by a fraternity against Rolling Stone magazine for publishing an article alleging that one of the fraternity's initiation rituals included gang rape. The author has also been active as a university leader, serving as dean of three law schools and president of one and railing against hate speech and sexual assault on US campuses. Well before the tiki torches cast their ominous shadows across the nation, the city of Charlottesville sought to relocate the Unite the Right rally; the author was approached to represent the alt-right groups. Though the author declined, he came to wonder what his history of advocacy had wrought. Feeling unsettlingly complicit, the author joined the Charlottesville Task Force, and realized that the events that transpired there had meaning and resonance far beyond a singular time and place. Why, he wonders, has one of our foundational rights created a land in which such tragic clashes happen all too frequently?
The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Crotty Martin , Diamant Neil J. , Edele Mark
Published: September 2021

What happened to veterans of the nations involved in the world wars? How did they fare when they returned home and needed benefits? How were they recognized — or not — by their governments and fellow citizens? Where and under what circumstances did they obtain an elevated postwar status? This book examines veterans' struggles for entitlements and benefits in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Taiwan, the Soviet Union, China, Germany, and Australia after both global conflicts. It illuminates how veterans' success or failure in winning benefits were affected by a range of factors that shaped their ability to exert political influence. Some veterans' groups fought politicians for improvements to their postwar lives; this lobbying, the book shows, could set the foundation for beneficial veteran treatment regimes or weaken the political forces proposing unfavorable policies. The book highlights cases of veterans who secured (and in some cases failed to secure) benefits and status after wars both won and lost; within both democratic and authoritarian polities; under liberal, conservative, and even Leninist governments; after wars fought by volunteers or conscripts, at home or abroad, and for legitimate or subsequently discredited causes. Veterans who succeeded did so, for the most part, by forcing their agendas through lobbying, protesting, and mobilizing public support. The book provides a large-scale map for a research field with a future: comparative veteran studies.
Risk assessment of freezing injury during overwintering of wheat in the northern boundary of the Winter Wheat Region in China
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Bai Xionghui , Shi Weiping , Li Ruijie , Hao Xingyu , Wang Hongfu , Gao Zhiqiang , Guo Jie , Lin Wen
Published: September 2021

Freezing injury is one of the main restriction factors for winter wheat production, especially in the northern part of the Winter Wheat Region in China. It is very important to assess the risk of winter wheat-freezing injury. However, most of the existing climate models are complex and cannot be widely used. In this study, Zunhua which is located in the northern boundary of Winter Wheat Region in China is selected as research region, based on the winter meteorological data of Zunhua from 1956 to 2016, seven freezing disaster-causing factors related to freezing injury were extracted to formulated the freezing injury index (FII) of wheat. Referring to the historical wheat-freezing injury in Zunhua and combining with the cold resistance identification data of the National Winter Wheat Variety Regional Test (NWWVRT), consistency between the FII and the actual freezing injury situation was tested. Furthermore, the occurrence law of freezing injury in Zunhua during the past 60 years was analyzed by Morlet wavelet analyze, and the risk of freezing injury in the short term was evaluated. Results showed that the FII can reflect the occurrence of winter wheat-freezing injury in Zunhua to a certain extent and had a significant linear correlation with the dead tiller rate of wheat (P = 0.014). The interannual variation of the FII in Zunhua also showed a significant downward trend (R2 = 0.7412). There are two cycles of freezing injury in 60 years, and it showed that there’s still exist a high risk in the short term. This study provides reference information for the rational use of meteorological data for winter wheat-freezing injury risk assessment.
Keyword Network Analysis of Domestic Research Articles for Determining Recent Trends of Hydrogen Refueling Stations
Authors: Lim Ohk Kun
Published: September 2021

Global climate change has caused various natural disasters, which has resulted in serious damage to the society. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in utilizing eco-friendly energy sources such as hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen vehicles and infrastructures have been studied extensively. However, the research trends of hydrogen refueling stations have not been systematically analyzed using text mining with domestic research articles. The keyword network and research topics were analyzed based on the Korea Citation Index (KCI) data of the past 10 years. The analysis revealed that “hydrogen refueling station,” “fuel cell,” and “charging station” are new research keywords. Furthermore, topics such as “hydrogen storage,” “hydrogen and electric vehicle,” and “safety in hydrogen refueling station” are becoming increasingly popular. These quantitative analysis results provide an insight on the development of hydrogen infrastructure and research policy.