bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation and drug modulation of a voltage-gated sodium channel: Pivotal role of the S4–S5 linker in activation and slow inactivation
Authors: Xiao Jinglei , Bondarenko Vasyl , Wang Yali , Suma Antonio , Wells Marta , Chen Qiang , Tillman Tommy , Luo Yan , Yu Buwei , Dailey William P. , Eckenhoff Roderic , Tang Pei , Carnevale Vincenzo , Klein Michael L. , Xu Yan
Published: July 2021

Significance

Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate electric signals in cell communications. The S4–S5 linker between the voltage-sensing and pore modules transmits depolarization signals to trigger channel activation. The mechanisms of this action, however, remain elusive. By combining biophysical and computational approaches, we identify a critical residue, T140, in the S4–S5 linker of the bacterial sodium channel NaChBac, which plays a pivotal role in channel activation and drug modulation of slow inactivation. Specifically, we discovered conformation-dependent drug binding at this site and unveiled a toggling mode of action by T140, which switches interaction partners with different S6 residues to regulate channel activation and slow inactivation. These observations suggest the possibility of conformation-specific drugs targeting the gating machinery of voltage-gated ion channels.
Skin sodium is increased in male patients with multiple sclerosis and related animal models
Authors: Huhn Konstantin , Linz Peter , Pemsel Franziska , Michalke Bernhard , Seyferth Stefan , Kopp Christoph , Chaudri Mohammad Anwar , Rothhammer Veit , Dörfler Arnd , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Müller Dominik N. , Waschbisch Anne , Lee De-Hyung , Bäuerle Tobias , Linker Ralf A. , Haase Stefanie
Published: July 2021

Significance

Our data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium. We found a higher sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) signal in the skin of male multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to matched healthy controls as well as in the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Considering the salt effects on macrophage and T-cell immunology during MS and the persisting challenge to accurately determine the actual sodium load via salt excretion, the noninvasive determination of sodium by23Na-MRI analysis of the skin may represent an important method for further investigations on sodium and MS risk.
Elevated arousal following acute ammonia inhalation is not associated with increased neuromuscular performance
Authors: Campbell Amy K. , Williamson Callum E. , Macgregor Lewis J. , Hamilton D. Lee
Published: July 2021

Many athletes seek to enhance their performance using legal ergogenic aids, including ammonia inhalants (AIs). AIs trigger the inhalation reflex and increase blood pressure, respiration and heart rate; but, despite their widespread use, there is little evidence for the benefits of AI on exercise performance. We aimed to determine the psychological and neuromuscular impact of acute ammonia inhalation. Fourteen non‐resistance trained males completed three trials: control, experimental (AI), and sham. The order of the sham and experimental trials was randomised. Participants completed handgrip and knee extension maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Heart rate and alertness were recorded at rest and immediately following control, experimental or sham treatment, followed by functional performance measurements. Reaction time, electromechanical delay, rate of force development and peak force were calculated from MVCs, and peak power from CMJ. On completion of trials, perceived performance was recorded. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05. Heart rate (P < .001), alertness (P = .009) and perceived performance (P = .036) were elevated by AIs. Markers of functional performance were unaltered by AIs. Alertness was moderately correlated with perceived performance in control (r = 0.61) and sham conditions (r = 0.54), and very‐highly correlated in the experimental condition (r = 0.90). AI elevates alertness and perceived physical performance, but not peak strength, power, or neuromuscular drive. AIs may be a useful psychological stimulant to increase focus and mental preparation, however it is unlikely that this will improve functional performance in an untrained population. Our data suggest however, that ammonia inhalants may improve the perception of an individual's performance.
Relation between risk factor of hearing loss and the result of otoacoustic emission in newborns at Santosa Hospital Bandung Central
Authors: Megantara Imam , T’sidkenu Michael Immanuel , Chaidir Lidya , Anggraeni Ratna , Sylviana Nova
Published: July 2021

Objective

To identify the characteristics of risk factors for hearing loss in newborns and their relation to hearing screening results using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs).

Methods

This research is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Chi-square analysis was used to see the relation between various risk factors resulting from the OAEs examination. A significant relation is defined by p-value <.05. Fisher exact test was used when criteria on using Chi-square was not met (expected count <5), and also regression model to show the association between risk factors and OAEs result.

Results

68 ears (7%) from 972 ears were found to have ‘refer’ results. About 329 cases (67.7%) of newborns were at risk of hearing loss, while the other 159 cases (33.3%) were not equally vulnerable to the condition. Out of ‘refer’ OAEs cases, 32 (6.6%) were bilaterally-refer cases, and 4 (0.8%) were unilaterally refer cases. Lower birth weight (LBW) (p = .029), prematurity (p = .000), and congenital abnormalities (p = .000) were found to be the significant risk factor in this study. Regression model showed newborns with congenital abnormalities were significantly more at risk 8.6 times has OAE ‘refer’ than without congenital abnormalities (p = .000), preterm newborns were more at risk 7.1 times compared to mature newborns (p = .000), and newborns with LBW more at risk 2.0 times has OAE ‘refer’ than newborns with normal birth weight (p = .032).

Conclusion

The incidence of OAEs ’refer’ cases in newborns at Santosa Hospital Bandung Central is quite high. Lower birth weight, prematurity, and congenital abnormalities were significantly corelated with OAEs ‘refer’. Congenital abnormalities can be considered as a risk factor that most often leads to OAEs ‘refer’.
A multiscale constitutive model for metal forming of dual phase titanium alloys by incorporating inherent deformation and failure mechanisms
Authors: Asim Umair Bin , Siddiq M Amir , McMeeking Robert M , Kartal Mehmet E
Published: July 2021

Ductile metals undergo a considerable amount of plastic deformation before failure. Void nucleation, growth and coalescence is the mechanism of failure in such metals. α–β titanium alloys are ductile in nature and are widely used for their unique set of properties such as specific strength, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue failures. Voids in these alloys have been reported to nucleate on the phase boundaries between α and β phase. Based on the findings of crystal plasticity finite element method investigations of the void growth at the interface of α and β phases, a void nucleation, growth, and coalescence model has been formulated. An existing single-phase crystal plasticity theory is extended to incorporate underlying physical mechanisms of deformation and failure in dual phase titanium alloys. Effects of various factors [stress triaxiality, Lode parameter, deformation state (equivalent stress), and phase boundary inclination] on void nucleation, growth and coalescence are used to formulate a phenomenological constitutive model while their interaction with a conventional crystal plasticity theory is established. An extensive parametric assessment of the model is carried out to quantify and understand the effects of the material parameters on the overall material response. Performance of the proposed model is then assessed and verified by comparing the results of the proposed model with the RVE study results. Application of the constitutive model for utilisation in the design and optimisation of the forming process of α–β titanium alloy components is also demonstrated using experimental data.
Effect of tortuosity, porosity, and particle size on phase-separation dynamics of ellipsoid-like particles of porous electrodes: Cahn–Hilliard-type phase-field simulations
Authors: Santoki Jay , Daubner Simon , Schneider Daniel , Kamlah Marc , Nestler Britta
Published: July 2021

Improvements concerning the capacity and rate-capability of battery systems can not only be achieved by choosing suitable materials, but also by tailoring the electrode morphologies. Thus, a simulation study is performed to understand the influence of various microstructural properties such as particle size, porosity, and tortuosity on the transport mechanism. In this work, the classical Cahn–Hilliard model is extended to a multiple particle model system. We consider ellipsoid-like particles as an example, however, the model can be readily applicable to particles of complicated geometries. According to the diffusional properties of electrode and electrolyte, a study is conducted on transportation rate dependence with the electrode structures. Under Dirichlet conditions for concentration, simulation results predict a linear dependence of the characteristic time on tortuosity. These lines are converging with variation in particle size at higher tortuosity values, while they are diverging with variation in porosity. Furthermore, the results suggest that systems consisting of smaller particles are limited by surface reaction while larger particles tend toward the bulk-transport limited theory derived for planar electrodes.
In situ passivation of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires using radial Al
y
In(1−y)P shells grown by MOVPE
Authors: Zeng Xulu , Zhang Wei , Zou Xianshao , Su Xiaojun , Yartsev Arkady , Borgström Magnus T
Published: July 2021

Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires with suitable bandgap (1.35–2.26 eV) ranging from the visible to near-infrared wavelength have great potential in optoelectronic applications. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanowires, the surface states become a pronounced factor affecting device performance. In this work, we performed a systematic study of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires’ surface passivation, utilizing Al
y
In(1−y)P shells grown in situ by using a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy system. Time-resolved photoinduced luminescence and time-resolved THz spectroscopy measurements were performed to study the nanowires’ carrier recombination processes. Compared to the bare Ga0.41In0.59P nanowires without shells, the hole and electron lifetime of the nanowires with the Al0.36In0.64P shells are found to be larger by 40 and 1.1 times, respectively, demonstrating effective surface passivation of trap states. When shells with higher Al composition were grown, both lifetimes of free holes and electrons decreased prominently. We attribute the acceleration of PL decay to an increase in the trap states’ density due to the formation of defects, including the polycrystalline and oxidized amorphous areas in these samples. Furthermore, in a separate set of samples, we varied the shell thickness. We observed that a certain shell thickness of approximately ∼20 nm is needed for efficient passivation of Ga0.31In0.69P nanowires. The photoconductivity of the sample with a shell thickness of 23 nm decays 10 times slower compared with that of the bare core nanowires. We concluded that both the hole and electron trapping and the overall charge recombination in Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires can be substantially passivated through growing an Al
y
In(1−y)P shell with appropriate Al composition and thickness. Therefore, we have developed an effective in situ surface passivation of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires by use of Al
y
In(1−y)P shells, paving the way to high-performance Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires optoelectronic devices.
Cerebral blood flow response rate to task-activation using a novel method can discriminate cognitive impairment from healthy aging
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Panerai Ronney B , Robinson Thompson G , Haunton Victoria J
Published: July 2021

Objective. A new method to classify individuals as ‘responders’ to task-activated cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) has recently been developed. This study investigated whether CBFv response rate to task-activation is affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Approach. The 95th thresholds for cross correlation function peak and variance ratio were derived from 270 unstimulated, healthy hemispheres, and were used to classify the presence of a response to task-activation. Thresholds were applied to five cognitive tasks (attention, verbal fluency, language, visuospatial, memory) in CBFv data from 30 healthy older adults (HC), 35 AD and 22 MCI participants. Cumulative response rate (CRR) was calculated from the sum of responses across five tasks, for both hemispheres. Area under the curve (AUC) was derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Main results. The number of responders differed significantly between tasks (p < 0.005) and diagnostic groups (p = 0.011). On post hoc tests there were more responders in the visuospatial (79%–90%) compared to fluency (45%–80%), language (50%–77%), and memory (44%–70%) tasks bilaterally, and responders were greater in the HC (70%) compared to AD (41%) and MCI (23%) groups to at least eight out of ten tasks. At an optimal threshold of 7.5 out of 10 responses, the AUC-ROC distinguished HC from AD and MCI with a; sensitivity 66% and specificity 70% (AUC = 0.72). Significance. Using a novel method to classify responders to cognitive task-activation, HC demonstrated a higher CRR than those with MCI or AD, and a threshold of <8 responses distinguished healthy ageing from dementia.
RLD Fisher information bound for multiparameter estimation of quantum channels
Authors: Katariya Vishal , Wilde Mark M
Published: July 2021

One of the fundamental tasks in quantum metrology is to estimate multiple parameters embedded in a noisy process, i.e. a quantum channel. In this paper, we study fundamental limits to quantum channel estimation via the concept of amortization and the right logarithmic derivative (RLD) Fisher information value. Our key technical result is the proof of a chain-rule inequality for the RLD Fisher information value, which implies that amortization, i.e. access to a catalyst state family, does not increase the RLD Fisher information value of quantum channels. This technical result leads to a fundamental and efficiently computable limitation for multiparameter channel estimation in the sequential setting, in terms of the RLD Fisher information value. As a consequence, we conclude that if the RLD Fisher information value is finite, then Heisenberg scaling is unattainable in the multiparameter setting.
Plagiarism Spider: How to Collect Plagiarism from Article
Authors: Zainal Arifin M , Suyono  , Aji Prasetya W , Ar Rosyid Harits , Daniar W
Published: July 2021

Web crawlers are techniques for gathering information on a website. Web crawlers work by visiting each specified website address then getting and storing all information contained in the website. The Web Crawler technique is commonly used to collect data or information through the internet.The benefit of web crawlers is that the information obtained is more focused so that it makes it easier to do something search. The way the web crawler works is to start the process by providing a list of website addresses to be visited, and every time you visit the address, the crawler will look for another address contained in it and add to the list of previous website addresses.This study provides a proposal about the use of web crawlers in gathering scientific journal information and then the information obtained is reprocessed on a system. Data obtained from the crawler process will be stored in the database and will be processed by the scientific journal management system according to the needs and objectives.
Analysis of the Best Employee Selection Decision Support System Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Lia Hananto April , Priyatna Bayu , Fauzi Ahmad , Yuniar Rahman Aviv , Pangestika Yulia , Tukino
Published: July 2021

The award is given by the company to the best employees always to provide the best performance for companies that carry out duties and obligations in the company. How to give rewards to employees not only for how long they have been working at the company but about the results achieved. The gift can be in the form of salary or inventory from the company. So employees have great loyalty to the company. Decision making to determine the company can do the best employee by assessing the performance that has been done by employees at a specific time. Performance evaluation of Hon Chuan Company is influenced by several criteria, namely discipline, innovation, and responsibility. The support system for the best employee selection method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The decision-making system is carried out to assess choices based on predetermined criteria. AHP method is applied to choose the best prospective employees. The calculation of the AHP method gives the results of the order of importance of criteria, namely discipline level (0.5584), responsibility (0.3196), and innovation (0.1220) and the best employee selection results obtained by Hendra (0.189), Vienna (0.189), Yin (0.145), Paul (0.109), Kandi (0.108), Kusworo (0.101), Bayu (0.088), and Ade Muhidin (0.072).
Human Body Communication on Portable Biometric Authentication
Authors: Vadivelu R , Santhakumar G , Kaviya P , Menaka M , Monisha S , Balasubramaniam D
Published: July 2021

Furthermore, since people’s proportions of biological tissues including muscle, fat, and skeleton vary, the total dielectric constants of the human body, as well as the signal propagated through the human body, can be used as a biometric characteristic to authenticate people using Redtacton. Wearable systems can be smaller since the HBC is used for both authentication and connectivity. HBC authentication is ideal for wearable devices independent of location due to the use of a transmission signal between devices.
Fatigue Monitoring Using Real-Time Facial Expression Based on Neural Technique
Authors: Rani K Sasikala , Kabilan N , Mohankumar M , Nithiesh Kumar M
Published: July 2021

The face, as a crucial part of the body, communicates a great deal of information. When a driver is extremely tired, his or her facial expressions, as well as the frequency at which he or she wiggles, vary from those in a normal state. In this paper, we suggest a device that senses the driver’s drowsiness and, as a result, triggers an alarm about the vehicle’s ordinance and has a tendency to slow down the vehicle. When drowsiness is detected, alarms will sound, the seat will begin to vibrate, and the lights will turn on, all without the use of any sensors. We implement a brand new facetracking algorithm to improve tracking accuracy as a result of the limitations of previous algorithms. We have devised a facial region replacement detection system. Then we use these facial regions to assess the condition of the drivers. Our device will alert the driver by using a fatigue warning by integrating the features of the eyes and mouth. It’s a computer vision system that can detect driver drowsiness in an approaching video stream and raise an alert if the driver seems tired.
Coma patient’s health monitoring and observatory system using internet of things
Authors: Katta Pradeep , Mohammed Ovaiz A , Prabaakaran K , Aparna B , Princy Angelin J , Raksha R
Published: July 2021

Once a patient enters the comatose stage, it is really difficult to predict when he/she will be out of it. It may be within days, weeks, or may even take months and years together. Due to this situation, it becomes difficult for the hospital staff to monitor and keep watch over the patient at all times and thus slight body movements and life-like indications or abnormal activities may go unnoticed. To prevent such a situation, the proposed system has a wide range of wearable sensors fitted to the patient’s body. Sensors used are flex sensors, MEMS Accelerometer, heartbeat sensor, SPO2 oximeter sensor, temperature sensor, IR sensor in the form of goggles. These sensors help monitor the patient’s vitals and these data are stored in the cloud server and can be accessed when the need arises through a PC or smart-phone. The parameters are then upon plotted on a graph and hence analysis can be done on it to predict the approximate chances of recovery of the patient.
A Calculation Method of Fragment Initial Velocity of Blast-fragmentation Warhead Based on Neural Network
Authors: Yong Sun , Jun Li , Dawei Liu , Jirong Xue , Yan Chen
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes the theoretical calculation method of the initial velocity of the static bursting disc and the factors affecting the initial velocity of the static bursting disc. On this basis, a calculation method and device of the initial velocity of the fragmentation warhead based on the neural network is proposed. The strong nonlinear mapping ability of the BP neural network and the associative memory ability of the external stimulation and input information are used to determine the initial velocity of the fragment of the kill warhead and improve the efficiency. The speed of calculation and the accuracy of the results are given.
Eye Tracking Research on Solving Strategies of Students’ Geospatial Dimension Transformation
Authors: Guo Yitong , Guo Yitong
Published: July 2021

Geospatial dimension transformation is an important link with solving geospatial problems. Identifying the problem-solving strategies of geospatial dimension transformation and judging the difference between success rate of each strategy will help to improve the success rate of geospatial dimension transformation through strategic selection. The experimental task requires the subjects to select the actual landscape standing at a certain point on the map and looking at a certain angle. The research is based on heat maps and eye movement contrails of the subjects, and the research combined with the speech reports on the problem-solving process. The students’ strategies for solving the problem of geospatial dimension transformation are identified. It is found that there are three strategies: landmark, road and hybrid, among which the road strategy has the highest success rate in completing the task and solving the problem.
Building extraction based on improved message passing network
Authors: Zhang Manlin , Guo Xiaoming , Bao Ying
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an improved building edge extraction method based on message passing networks (MPNNs) is proposed. In the field of high-resolution remote sensing image processing and analysis, the accuracy of building edge extraction is studied from three aspects: data set construction, network training and post-processing of edge probability map. Based on the WHU building data set, the proposed method can effectively extract the building edge, and can maintain high extraction accuracy. PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm is used to compare with the results of this paper. Through the analysis of experiments, the results show that the method proposed in this paper has advantages over PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm in the accuracy, recall and F1 score of region extraction.
Analysis of Systematic Contribution Rate of TDRSS in the Remote Sensing Satellite System
Authors: Fan Dandan , Zheng Jun , Chen Ming
Published: July 2021

The application of TDRSS in the low orbit remote sensing satellites system can improve the effectiveness of remote sensing satellites. This paper built an evaluation system of remote sensing satellites from observation ability, response ability, data transmission ability and control ability. And linear weighting method was used for quantitative analysis of systematic contribution rate of TDRSS. As shown by the analysis result, TDRSS can improve the response ability, data transmission ability and control ability.
Research on automatic test case generation method of flight control system based on UML state diagram
Authors: Fan Chunlong , Zou Penghua
Published: July 2021

In order to realize the automatic test of flight control system, the automatic generation method of flight control system test case is studied by using UML state diagram. Using UML extension mechanism, the real-time extension scheme of UML state diagram of flight control system is given. Aiming at the real-time performance of flight control system, the migration equivalence class is constructed by using the time domain equivalence partition method. After the test path is generated according to the corresponding test standard, the test case is generated automatically. Taking a simplified flight control system as an example, the feasibility and practicability of the method are verified by comparing the time of generating test cases with that of generating test cases manually.
A new data augmentation method of remote sensing dataset based on Class Activation Map
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cao Yungang
Published: July 2021

Remote sensing image scene classification is a significant direction in the field of remote sensing research. The method based on deep learning has become the most popular method in recent years because it can realize the automatic feature extraction and classification of remote sensing images. The deep learning requires a large number of samples for training and consumes large computing resources, and the data augmentation can alleviate the problem of insufficient samples. The image manipulation is one of the most commonly methods, but it may cause the loss of key information in the image. In this paper, we proposed an improved supervised data augmentation method based on Class Activation Map (CAM) and image manipulation, and then used this method to augment the high-resolution remote sensing images of NWPU dataset. We utilized three CNNs networks to count the classification accuracy of the remote sensing images. The experimental results show that the proposed method increases the accuracy of scene classification by more than 0.4%. The CAM-based methods provide a new technical support for the scene classification of remote sensing images based on deep learning.
Research and Application Exploration for Spatiotemporal Data Integrated Theory
Authors: Chao Yuan , Tianye Zeng , Yuxiang Cheng , Lin Li
Published: July 2021

Spatiotemporal data is essential for big data, closely related to government, enterprise and people. The Chinese digital economy development strategy requires more efficient usage of spatiotemporal data. However, current researchers paid the more attention to the concept and technology about spatiotemporal database, model, sharing, visual platform, lacking research to the spatiotemporal data integrated theory. This article attempted to propose the spatiotemporal data integrated theory, and structure three-level spatiotemporal data system. It solved systematically spatiotemporal data problem about classification, calculation and application, developed series smart software system, formed a spatiotemporal big data factory in Chongqing China.
Research on the Integration of Information Technology Application and English Culture Communication in English Teaching
Authors: Yan Liu
Published: July 2021

In the new era of rapid development of information technology, the path of English cultural communication has been expanded in an all-round way, the audience has continued to grow, and the social needs have been further improved, all of which put forward new requirements for English teaching. Therefore, this paper makes a detailed discussion on English cultural communication under the condition of information technology, and combines with the current teaching practice, and provides some positive suggestions for English cultural communication from the aspects of theoretical research, innovation of teaching methods, construction of intelligent network and application of information technology, so as to provide useful reference for English teaching.
Hiking path planning algorithm based on dynamic parameters and heuristic information for complex field comprehensive terrain
Authors: Wang Shuai , Su Wingting
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on the problem of hiking path planning in complex and comprehensive terrains and establishes a Fast Marching method (DH-FM2) based on heuristic information and dynamic parameters. This method inventively considers the path’s safety, smoothness, and heuristics to meet the needs of dynamic path planning. In data processing, we do a correlation analysis of the elements affecting traversing resistance of the path planning process and filters them to remove relevant features. The algorithm establishes a path evaluation function and optimizes the value of the function by Monte Carlo simulation to determine the coefficients of the TR function. Besides, we consider several types of land cover such as existing roads to fit the actual situation in the field. The result of simulation shows that the DH-FM2 algorithm can dynamically adjust parameters according to different path planning requirements to generate a path meeting the user’s requirements. The DH-FM2 algorithm spends shorter time than the FM algorithm on the premise of the same time complexity. Overall, the DH-FM2 method is reliable and efficient.
Application of Computer Aided Translation in Technical English Manual
Authors: Fan Hui
Published: July 2021

At present, economic globalization is deepening, international economic and trade exchanges are getting closer, and the demand for translation of technical English manuals is increasing day by day. In the past, translation work relied more on manual translation, but with the rapid development of modern information technology, computer-assisted translation technology came into being. This greatly reduces translation costs and improves work efficiency. This article discusses the related content of computer-aided translation and technical English manual. The author combines the application process of computer-assisted translation in technical English manuals to carry out detailed analysis with actual application cases. The purpose of the author is to improve the application effect of computer-assisted translation and improve the translation accuracy of technical English manuals.
Digital restoration and visualization of Nanfeng ancient city-focusing on cultural mining
Authors: Li Dan , Lin Hui , He Qinghua , Li Jiaxin
Published: July 2021

Taking Nanfeng ancient city as an example, based on mining local culture, digital reconstruction of the ancient city is realized by using digital technologies such as remote sensing mapping, 3D modelling, geographic information and virtual reality and then a virtual platform for digital protection and exhibition of the ancient city is constructed. Firstly, the research sorted out the cultural connotation of the ancient city space from the three spatial levels including space, block and street pattern and then established the geospatial database. Using the key technologies of oblique photogrammetry, laser point cloud, 3D modelling and panoramic technology to restore and visualize the ancient city and then developing the virtual digital display platform which integrated the functions of digital model integration, route recommendation and customization, panoramic roaming and interaction. Finally, the platform was built. The idea and practice of combining cultural mining with digital construction can help to realize the protection and wide spread of Nanfeng ancient city culture and promote the sustainable inheritance of ancient city culture.
Application of Container Technology in Numerical Ocean Model: a Kind of High-performance ROMS Containerized Architecture
Authors: Cao Wentai , Guo Ying , Zhang Hu , Sun Minghui , Yuan Meng
Published: July 2021

Numerical ocean models are an important means for humans to study ocean activities today. For decades, with the continuous improvement of supercomputer performance, the application of numerical ocean models in high-performance computing has also developed rapidly. The birth and progress of high-performance cloud computing provide an opportunity for the development of portability and reproducibility of the ocean model. This paper uses container technology to construct the working environment of the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), and rapidly completes the calculation jobs of the ocean model on the high-performance cloud computing platform. At the same time, we compare and analyze the operating performance of traditional HPC VM clusters. The new ocean model system we constructed based on high-performance cloud computing can provide better portability and convenience without wasting performance on traditional HPC clusters. It provides a new tool for scientists to quickly build ocean model clusters suitable for different hardware configurations, and to perform numerical ocean model calculations more conveniently.
Chinese Text Summarization Generation Algorithm based on ERNIE-GEN with Few-shot Learning
Authors: Zhu Yongqing , Zhao Peng , Mu Xiaodong , Bai Kun , You Xuanang
Published: July 2021

In view of the problems of exposure bias and insufficient annotation data in the existing Chinese short text summary algorithms, a new pre-training short text summary algorithm named ERNIE-GEN-CTS based on ERNIE-GEN is proposed. This paper uses pre-training language model to realize the double attention of word level and word level for short text, and fills the sub block with semantic information to optimize the exposure bias problem. After the pre-training model of large-scale Chinese corpus, the results are improved in LCSTS data set after the task tuning of the downstream summary, and the validity and stability of the model are verified.
A Calculation Method of Fragment Number and Mass Distribution of Blast-fragmentation Warhead based on Neural Network
Authors: Sun Yong , Li Jun , Liu Dawei , Xue Jirong , Guo Zhiming
Published: July 2021

The Mott distribution model is analyzed and deduced in this paper. On this basis, a calculation method of fragment number and mass distribution of blast-fragmentation warhead based on Neural Network is proposed. Based on the Mott distribution model, the empirical parameters in the Mott distribution model are determined by using the strong nonlinear mapping ability of BP neural network and the associative memory ability of external stimuli and input information Then, the number and mass distribution of fragments are determined, and the calculation speed and result accuracy are improved.
Guidance Cleaning Network for Sketch-Based 3D Shape Retrieval
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhao Shengjie
Published: July 2021

The sketch-based query for 3D shapes has drawn growing attention from the academic community due to its flexibility and accessibility. However, most recent works focus on reducing the cross-modality discrepancy between 2D sketches and 3D shapes, which neglect the influence caused by noise information in some low-quality free-hand sketches. To address this issue, we proposed a novel network to decrease the impact in two ways: 1) an attention weighting module to detect the noisy samples by a self-attention mechanism; 2) a data cleaning module to clear up low-quality sketches according to a ranking regularization. Experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Global anthropogenic emissions in urban areas: patterns, trends, and challenges
Authors: Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Pisoni Enrico , Solazzo Efisio , Guion Antoine , Muntean Marilena , Florczyk Aneta , Schiavina Marcello , Melchiorri Michele , Hutfilter Andres Fuentes
Published: July 2021

Between 1970 and 2015 urban population almost doubled worldwide with the fastest growth taking place in developing regions. To aid the understanding of how urbanisation has influenced anthropogenic CO2 and air pollutant emissions across all world regions, we make use of the latest developments of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. In this study, we systematically analyse over 5 decades of emissions from different types of human settlements (from urban centres to rural areas) for different sectors in all countries. Our analysis shows that by 2015, urban centres were the source of a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases and most of the air pollutant emissions. The high levels of both population and emissions in urban centres therefore call for focused urban mitigation efforts. Moreover, despite the overall increase in urban emissions, megacities with more than 10 million inhabitants in high-income countries have been reducing their emissions, while emissions in developing regions are still growing. We further discuss per capita emissions to compare different types of urban centres at the global level.
Effects of seasonal inundation on methane fluxes from forested freshwater wetlands
Authors: Hondula Kelly L , Jones C Nathan , Palmer Margaret A
Published: July 2021

Methane emissions from small freshwater ecosystems represent one of the largest components of uncertainty in the global methane budget. While these systems are known to produce large amounts of methane relative to their size, quantifying the timing, magnitude, and spatial extent of their emissions remains challenging. We begin to address this challenge in seasonally inundated forested mineral soil wetlands by (1) measuring wetland methane fluxes and hydrologic regime across both inundated and non-inundated soils, (2) characterizing how wetland hydrologic regime impacts the spatial extent of methane emission source areas, and (3) modeling average daily wetland-scale flux rates using four different upscaling techniques. Our results show that inundation extent and duration, but not frequency or depth, were major drivers of wetland methane emissions. Moreover, we found that methane fluxes were best described by the direction of water level change (i.e. rising or falling), where emissions were generally higher when water levels were falling. Once soils were inundated, subsequent changes in water level did not explain observed variability of methane concentrations in standing water. Finally, our spatial modeling suggests that representing inundation and associated methane source areas is a critical step in estimating local to regional scale methane emissions. Intermittently inundated soils alternated between being sources and sinks of methane depending on water level, soil moisture, and the direction of water level change. These results demonstrate that quantifying the hydrologic regime of seasonally inundated forested freshwater wetlands enables a more accurate estimation of methane emissions.
Study of material strength properties for horizontal road marking using innovation equipment
Authors: Bochkarev V I , Zhustareva E V , Fedorov S V
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the study of strength properties of materials used for horizontal road marking. The investigations were carried out on the basis of the chair “Construction and Maintenance of Roads” of MADI and NTTs “Katafot”. The tests were performed on marking materials that are most common and frequently used in the Russian Federation. Thermoplastics and cold plastics were selected for research. For the tests, up-to-date high-precision equipment (AMPT / SPT installation) was used, which made it possible to take measurements in automatic mode as well as to save and process data. During the experiments, the dependences of the dynamic modulus of thermoplastics and cold plastics on the frequency of load application (loading frequency) and temperature were investigated. The researches resulted in recommendations for the use of materials to arrange the horizontal road marking under various operating conditions. The aim of the study is to improve the quality and durability of road markings as well as to ensure road traffic safety. The current scientific work has relevance to the implementation of the national project “Safe and High-Quality Roads”.
Assessment of the possibility of local object to be flooded in megalopolis as a result of a hydraulic system breakage in the area of a transport tunnel
Authors: Suetina T A , Chernykh O N , Burlachenko A V
Published: July 2021

In the article is observed the approach to assessing the safety of the downstream of retaining waterworks in the conditions of the existing urban infrastructure of the metropolis and the transport tunnel built on the border of the water system. Also are described the peculiarities of the methodology for determining the size of probable harm in the event of a hydrological accident of a low-pressure hydroelectric megalopolis complex, the lower pool of which is filled up, the watercourse is taken into the collector. The position of the groundwater level causes flooding of the territory, increasing the hazard indicator due to the activation of included processes (change in soil properties, suffusion, appearance a source of local flooding of an urbanized area, etc.). The results of a numerical experiment to assess changes in the position of the ground water level in the territory in contact with the Mikhalkovsky tunnel in Moscow are presented. It is shown that if the drainage system fails near the tunnel, a significant rise in the ground water level (more than 1 m) may occur, which will cause flooding of the surrounding area and residential buildings. To improve the efficiency of drainage in the lower reaches of the hydroelectric system, it is proposed to create an additional drainage system, including from the collector of the Zhabenka river. Calculation also shows that the emergency situation which may occur due to hydrological crash with implementation of the most difficult and simultaneously the most likely of several possible crash scenario with overtopping of the dam and the formation of the closure channel on the waterworks of Moscow is not likely to occur. The damage in the probable and most severe scenario of a hypothetical hydrological accident is close to zero. Therefore, there will be no damage on most ponds in the megalopolis where the downstream is filled in, planned, fortified, or the diverting section of the watercourse is taken into the collector.
Impact of traffic speed on the strength of highway pavements
Authors: Korochkin Andrey
Published: July 2021

The paper touches upon the issues related to the influence of the speed of traffic flow on the calculation of the strength of road pavements of highways. The dependence of the calculated parameters on the vehicle speed is shown. The definitions of such concepts as the design speed of movement on the road, the permitted speed of movement and the actual speed are given. The authors give the values of normative design indicators related to the speed of movement, which were determined more than 50 years ago for the speed of movement of trucks 40-60 km / h, and have remained unchanged since then. The paper also presents the results of the research on the speed of traffic flows along two highways M-2 “Crimea” and M-9 “Baltia” for 16 years, which prove that the speed limit on modern highways has changed dramatically in recent years and does not meet the requirements and design parameters. According to own research and research of many modern scientists, the author proposes to take into account the speed of 110 km / h when determining the design parameters for the calculation of road pavements and to use the dynamic coefficient equal to 1.85 (instead of 1.3) when calculating the pavement instead of standard values and take into account the time of the impact of the wheel on the coating of 0.014 s (instead of 0.1 s).
Decision support system for street-road network objects repair
Authors: Vasiliev Yu E , Fineeva M A , Belyakov A B , Varshavsky S V , Caesar A A
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes factors influencing managerial decisions adoption on repair of road network facilities (RN). Road repair is a challenge that must take into account a number of conflicting criteria. It is shown that decision-making process is a complex mental activity that consists in choosing the most effective strategy and, at present, repair work planning should be carried out using decision support systems (DSS), that is, a class of knowledge-based systems. DSS developing necessity for repair planning of RN has been substantiated. DSS architecture is described and it is shown that DSS allows increasing knowledge base by adding new knowledge without changing the structure, as well as encapsulating new knowledge into the system, increasing intellectual resource used in decision-making process. The parameters are determined, on the basis of which rules in DSS are formulated, which are necessary for making decisions on determining scope, timing, cost and sequence of repair and restoration work. Production rules examples are given. The general scheme of algorithm for planning repair and restoration works at RNF, as well as algorithm scheme for complex indicator calculating of transport and operational state-ensuring movement design speed dare described. Planning process formalized description and control actions development has been completed. It is shown that intelligent decision-making is an iterative, multi-level procedure, within which decisions table is analyzed to assess technical condition of RN facilities based on regulatory and technical documentation analysis. Situation description is consistently expanded by taking into account the quality of RN road marking, traffic intensity, road construction materials volumes, repair and restoration work cost, traffic management, seasonality and weather conditions, etc. (the number of taken into account parameters and levels of their description is not limited). The advantages of proposed approach to DSS implementation are described. It is shown that proposed DSS version provides situational adaptive intelligent control with ability to issue justified recommendations for carrying out repairs. The prospects for work development in this direction were considered and conclusion was made that management digitalization of repair activities, the digital transformation of management model and business processes in the field of RN repair will increase profits, increase operational efficiency, reduce repair costs and improve its quality.
Development of a database for information support of virtual digital analysis in design and testing of road infrastructure elements
Authors: Demyanushko I V , Samigullin L F , Surkova N E
Published: July 2021

Ensuring traffic safety on the roads and reducing the number of deaths due to road accidents is a priority task both in Russia and in the global community. Assessment of safety in the event of vehicle crashes, oncoming lane exits, collisions with road barriers and other elements of the road infrastructure (ERI) requires the use of a wide range of modern and innovative information technologies-special environments for automated design of Digital Twins of road infrastructure elements, virtual tests with collision modeling and obtaining results on different input parameters of the simulation, modern automated testing of the road infrastructure elements. All these practical works, research and development are carried out at MADI together with scientific team LLC M&PQ to improve road safety. The article deals with the prospects of development of these works, a natural transition to another level of research. Based on the intellectual technologies in the field of road construction, work has begun on creating a special information environment, the so-called “Virtual Digital Proving Ground”, and, among other things, to provide it, a database (DB) of computer-aided design and virtual testing of digital models ERI, which will improve the efficiency and quality of work. The use of the ERI database will allow to implement the automated control of the developed ERI digital models, to implement tools for designing new innovative structures, to predict the behavior of accident participants, to develop reasonable standards in the field of road barriers of the future, to carry out examination by requests of various organizations.