bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ricciotti Emanuela , Wangensteen Kirk J. , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: April 2021

Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for aspirin as a preventative agent for cancer. Compelling direct evidence supports a chemopreventive effect of aspirin in individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer due to Lynch syndrome, while indirect evidence indicates that aspirin may reduce the risk of and mortality from sporadic colorectal cancer. There is weaker evidence for a protective effect of aspirin against all cancers taken as a group. Nevertheless, the results of recent retrospective cohort studies consistently indicate a beneficial effect of aspirin as a chemopreventive or adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epidemiologic studies conducted in the general population or in selected populations at higher risk for HCC reveal that regular aspirin use is associated with reduced HCC incidence. In addition, aspirin may act as an adjuvant to other therapies in reducing HCC recurrence. According to studies in animal models, the cancer-preventative effect of aspirin may be related to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether aspirin should be recommended to diverse populations of patients at risk for HCC.
Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of TRK Fusion Cancer
Authors: Laetsch Theodore W. , Hong David S.
Published: April 2021

Chromosomal rearrangements of NTRK1–3 resulting in gene fusions (NTRK gene fusions) have been clinically validated as oncogenic drivers in a wide range of human cancers. Typically, NTRK gene fusions involve both inter- and intrachromosomal fusions of the 5′ regions of a variety of genes with the 3′ regions of NTRK genes leading to TRK fusion proteins with constitutive, ligand-independent activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase. The incidence of NTRK gene fusions can range from the majority of cases in certain rare cancers to lower rates in a wide range of more common cancers. Two small-molecule TRK inhibitors have recently received regulatory approval for the treatment of patients with solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions, including the selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib and the TRK/ROS1/ALK multikinase inhibitor entrectinib. In this review, we consider the practicalities of detecting tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions, the pharmacologic properties of TRK inhibitors currently in clinical development, the clinical evidence for larotrectinib and entrectinib efficacy, and possible resistance mechanisms.
An Early Unexpected Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Relapse Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kornowski Cohen Maya , Sheena Liron , Shafir Yair , Yahalom Vered , Gafter-Gvili Anat , Spectre Galia
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 has been reported as a possible triggering factor for the development of several autoimmune diseases and inflammatory dysregulation. Here, we present a case report of a woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, presenting with concurrent COVID-19 infection and immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The patient was treated with plasma exchange, steroids, and caplacizumab with initial good response to therapy. The course of both TTP and COVID-19 disease was mild. However, after ADAMTS-13 activity was normalized, the patient experienced an early unexpected TTP relapse manifested by intravascular hemolysis with stable platelet counts requiring further treatment. Only 3 cases of COVID-19 associated TTP were reported in the literature thus far. We summarize the literature and suggest that COVID-19 could act as a trigger for TTP, with good outcomes if recognized and treated early.
A GPS-Based Framework for Understanding Outdoor Mobility Patterns of Older Adults with Dementia: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bayat Sayeh , Naglie Gary , Rapoport Mark J. , Stasiulis Elaine , Widener Michael J. , Mihailidis Alex
Published: April 2021

Introduction: An active lifestyle may protect older adults from cognitive decline. Yet, due to the complex nature of outdoor environments, many people living with dementia experience decreased access to outdoor activities. In this context, conceptualizing and measuring outdoor mobility is of great significance. Using the global positioning system (GPS) provides an avenue for capturing the multi-dimensional nature of outdoor mobility. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive framework for comparing outdoor mobility patterns of cognitively intact older adults and older adults with dementia using passively collected GPS data. Methods: A total of 7 people with dementia (PwD) and 8 cognitively intact controls (CTLs), aged 65 years or older, carried a GPS device when travelling outside their homes for 4 weeks. We applied a framework incorporating 12 GPS-based indicators to capture spatial, temporal, and semantic dimensions of outdoor mobility. Results: Despite a small sample size, the application of our mobility framework identified several significant differences between the 2 groups. We found that PwD participated in more medical-related (Cliff’s Delta = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.34–1) and fewer sport-related (Cliff’s Delta = −0.78, 95% CI: −1 to −0.32) activities compared to the cognitively intact CTLs. Our results also suggested that longer duration of daily walking time (Cliff’s Delta = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.148–1) and longer outdoor activities at night, after 8 p.m. (Hedges’ g = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.85–1.09), are associated with cognitively intact individuals. Conclusion: Based on the proposed framework incorporating 12 GPS-based indicators, we were able to identify several differences in outdoor mobility in PwD compared with cognitively intact CTLs.
The Effect of Aging and Small-Vessel Disease Burden on Hematoma Location in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sakamoto Yuki , Sato Takahiro , Nito Chikako , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Suda Satoshi , Matsumoto Noriko , Aoki Junya , Saito Tomonari , Suzuki Kentaro , Katano Takehiro , Kimura Kazumi
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating hemorrhagic event and is associated with high mortality or severe neurological sequelae. Age-associated differences in hematoma location for nonlobar ICH are not well known. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the relationship between age and hematoma location and to assess the differences in small-vessel disease (SVD) burden as a potential surrogate marker for longstanding hypertension among various hematoma locations. Methods: From September 2014 through July 2019, consecutive patients with acute, spontaneous ICH were retrospectively enrolled from a prospective registry. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed during admission, and the total SVD burden score (including microbleeds, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, and white matter hyperintensities) was calculated. The relationships of hematoma location with aging and SVD burden were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 444 patients (156 women [35%]; median age 69 [interquartile range 59–79] years; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 9 [17][3–17]) were enrolled in the present study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that advanced age was independently associated with thalamic (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.84, p < 0.001 for 10-year increment) and lobar hemorrhage (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19–2.09, p = 0.002) and was independently and negatively related to putaminal hemorrhage (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.44–0.68, p < 0.001). The total SVD burden score was independently and positively associated with thalamic hemorrhage (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59, p = 0.045) and negatively with lobar hemorrhage (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55–0.99, p = 0.042), even after adjusting by age, but not with putaminal hemorrhage (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.73–1.14, p = 0.395). Conclusion: Putaminal, thalamic, and lobar hemorrhages are prone to occur in specific ages and SVD states: putaminal in young patients, thalamic in old and high SVD burden patients, and lobar hemorrhages in old and low SVD burden patients. Susceptibility to bleeding with aging or severe SVD accumulation seems to differ considerably among brain locations.
“In the Watermark of Some Margin”: Heidegger’s Other Gesture
Authors: Therezo Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

This paper offers a reflection on the complicated relationship between Derrida and Heidegger, particularly as concerns the issue of difference in their respective thoughts. Taking one of Geschlecht III’s most stunning passages as my point of departure, I walk the reader through some of Derrida’s own remarks on his relationship to Heidegger, before arriving at the différend that seems to exist between them as regards the notion of difference itself. I argue that the margins of Heidegger’s text inscribe a quite radical thinking of difference not at all incompatible with Derridean différance. In conclusion, I turn to Heidegger’s “Anaximander Fragment” where, in the margins of Heidegger’s text, we find a marginal note that, given its content, could surely have been written by Derrida himself.
Faute de frappe: Derrida’s Typos
Authors: Chenoweth Katie
Published: April 2021

“I type very quickly, very badly, with many errors [fautes],” Jacques Derrida confessed in a late interview. This paper proposes that the typographical error – usually viewed as a mere “accident” – may in fact be understood as a productive site for deconstructive reading and thought. Drawing on Nietzsche’s suggestion that the typewriter acts as a “collaborator” in thinking, this paper examines Derrida’s use of the typewriter, with particular attention to his typos. Following Derrida’s reading in the Geschlecht series and his own typographical practice, this paper argues that the typo should be thought of as the condition of possibility of every type – and as a defining difference between Derrida and Heidegger.
Cybernetics for the Social Sciences
Authors: Scott Bernard
Published: April 2021

This publication meets a long-felt need to show the relevance of cybernetics for the social sciences (including psychology, sociology, and anthropology). User-friendly descriptions of the core concepts of cybernetics are provided, with examples of how they can be used in the social sciences. It is explained how cybernetics functions as a transdiscipline that unifies other disciplines and a metadiscipline that provides insights about how other disciplines function. An account of how cybernetics emerged as a distinct field is provided, following interdisciplinary meetings in the 1940s, convened to explore feedback and circular causality in biological and social systems. How encountering cybernetics transformed the author’s thinking and his understanding of life in general, is also recounted.
Living on the edge – moving towards the centre: the place of Jesus Christ in our quest for personhood
Authors: McFarlane Graham
Published: April 2021

Christian views on human personhood can be approached from three vantage points: its origins, its intended trinitarian goal and biological materialism. Contemporary theology is undergoing a shift in perspective that allows us to revisit these heuristic tools and determine whether there may be another way of reading human personhood. A notion of personhood as defined from the perspective of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ is proposed as one that assumes continuity between all three traditional models, between what is and is to come. Only a Christian understanding of personhood that is earthed in the concrete reality of Jesus Christ’s humanity will provide a practical model for others to indwell and make their own.
Baptism in the thought of David Wright
Authors: Lane Anthony N. S.
Published: April 2021

This article surveys and evaluates the contribution to our understanding of baptism made by twenty-six writings of David Wright on the topic. His rigorous historical studies have cast further light on the Early Church, dispelling the idea that infant baptism was at any point universal or normative for children raised as Christians. During this period infant baptism was a rite in search of a theology, there being consensus about its validity but not its meaning. David Wright himself accepts the validity of infant baptism, but insists that believer’s baptism must remain the normative pattern of baptism. Finally, the inefficacy of indiscriminate infant baptism has encouraged a low view of baptism as a mere symbol, contrary to the high view of the New Testament.
Jerusalem in Jewish fundamentalism
Authors: Zeidan David
Published: April 2021

Orthodox Jews are a small minority of the minority of religious Jews in Israel. Some are anti-Zionist even to the extent of not recognising the State of Israel. Other Orthodox Jews are messianic fundamentalists and Zionists. These ideas are found especially in Gush Enumim, ‘The Bloc of the Faithful’, which teaches that the Jewish people should occupy the whole land of Israel and rebuild the Temple. Some more radical groups are prepared to use any means to hasten this.
Jerusalem in Islamic fundamentalism
Authors: Zeidan David
Published: April 2021

Since the Six Days War a radical Islamic fundamentalist opposition to Israel has emerged which interprets the conflict in apocalyptic terms as paving the way for the End. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 heightened this process. Jerusalem has gained a central significance that it did not previously have for Islam. Jihad against Israel becomes obligatory and permanent with the aim of nothing less than the liquidation of Israel.
Triassic clam shrimps (“Conchostraca”; Branchiopoda: Diplostraca) from Mallorca: Taxonomic description and interregional comparisons
Authors: SCHOLZE FRANK , MATAMALES-ANDREU RAFEL
Published: April 2021

We describe four upper Lower Triassic to lower Middle Triassic clam shrimp-bearing intervals from Mallorca, which include the clam shrimp species Hornestheria sp. aff. Hornestheria sollingensis and several other forms of carapace valve morphology: Hornestheria? Morphotype 1, Hornestheria? Morphotype 2, and other undetermined carapace valves. All of this material was obtained from red-bed units cropping out in the Serra de Tramuntana mountains of Mallorca (western Mediterranean). Except for a few morphologically similar carapace valves of Middle Triassic age from China, Hornestheria is known only from the type locality of its type species, Hornestheria sollingensis Kozur et Lepper, in the Solling Formation (Middle Buntsandstein Subgroup) in the German part of the Central European Basin. According to its original definition, the larval carapace valve of Hornestheria Kozur et Lepper is characterized by a radial sculpture, but this characteristic apparently is only variably developed. Due to both a limited number of previously known occurrences of Hornestheria and its poorly known carapace valve morphology, open nomenclature is applied to the taxonomy herein. The studied specimens were freshly collected from outcrop sections composed of greyish-green to greyish-red laminated claystones and siltstones that accumulated in a fluvial facies. The clam shrimp specimens are accompanied by remains of insects and fishes, invertebrate and tetrapod ichnofossils, and micro-/macroplant remains, all of which either have been described by previous workers or are currently part of a separate study.
Asymmetric relationship between ENSO and the tropical Indian Ocean summer SST anomalies
Authors: Wu Xiangbai , Li Gen , Jiang Wenping , Long Shang-Min , Lu Bo
Published: April 2021

During the summer following El Niño, a basin-wide sea surface temperature (SST) warming takes place over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), exerting profound influences on the Asian summer monsoon. This is an important source of seasonal predictability for the Asian summer monsoon. Based on observations, however, the present study finds that the relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the TIO SST anomalies during the decaying summer is asymmetric with a much weaker relationship between La Niña and the TIO SST anomalies relative to El Niño. The analyses show that this asymmetric relationship can be explained by the asymmetries in initial TIO SST, oceanic Rossby wave in the southern Indian Ocean and ENSO decaying rate. In contrast to El Niño events, La Niña events tend to have a stronger initial TIO warming and a less peak intensity with a weaker oceanic Rossby wave response in the southern Indian Ocean. On the other hand, La Niña events tend to decay more slowly with the persistent SST cooling over the central equatorial Pacific in the following summer. The equatorial Pacific SST cooling would induce an anomalous anticyclone via a Gill-type Rossby wave response, weakening the positive feedback between the anomalous cyclone spanning the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian oceans and the TIO summer basin-wide SST cooling. These results have important implications for the climate predictability of the Indian Ocean and Asian summer monsoon.
The Importance of Central Pacific Meridional Heat Advection to the Development of ENSO
Authors: Wen Caihong , Kumar Arun , Heureux Michelle L’ , Xue Yan , Becker Emily
Published: April 2021

The relationship between the Warm Water Volume (WWV) ENSO precursor and ENSO SST weakened substantially after ~2000, coinciding with a degradation in dynamical model ENSO prediction skill. It is important to understand the drivers of the equatorial thermocline temperature variations and their linkage to ENSO onsets. In this study, a set of ocean reanalyses is employed to assess factors responsible for the variation of the equatorial Pacific Ocean thermocline during 1982-2019. Off-equatorial thermocline temperature anomalies carried equatorward by the mean meridional currents associated with Pacific Tropical Cells are shown to play an important role in modulating the central equatorial thermocline variations, which is rarely discussed in the literature. Further, ENSO events are delineated into two groups based on precursor mechanisms: the western equatorial type (WEP) ENSO, when the central equatorial thermocline is mainly influenced by the zonal propagation of anomalies from the western Pacific, and the off-equatorial central Pacific (OCP) ENSO, when off-equatorial central thermocline anomalies play the primary role. WWV is found to precede all WEP ENSO by 6-9 months, while the correlation is substantially lower for OCP ENSO events. In contrast, the central tropical Pacific (CTP) precursor, which includes off-equatorial thermocline signals, has a very robust lead correlation with the OCP ENSO. Most OCP ENSO events are found to follow the same ENSO conditions, and the number of OCP ENSO increases substantially since the 21st century. These results highlight the importance of monitoring off-equatorial subsurface preconditions for ENSO prediction and to understand multi-year ENSO.
The Effect of an Equatorial Continent on the Tropical Rain Belt. Part 1: Annual Mean Changes in the ITCZ
Authors: Biasutti Michela , Russotto Rick D. , Voigt Aiko , Blackmon-Luca Charles C.
Published: April 2021

The Tropical Rain belts with an Annual cycle and Continent Model Intercomparison Project (TRACMIP) ensemble includes slab-ocean aquaplanet controls and experiments with a highly idealized tropical continent: modified aquaplanet grid cells with increased evaporative resistance, increased albedo, reduced heat capacity, and no ocean heat transport (zero Q-flux). In the annual mean, an equatorial cold tongue develops west of the continent and induces dry anomalies and a split in the oceanic ITCZ. Ocean cooling is initiated by advection of cold, dry air from the winter portion of the continent; warm, humid anomalies in the summer portion are restricted to the continent by anomalous surface convergence. The surface energy budget suggests that ocean cooling persists and intensifies because of a positive feedback between a colder surface, drier and colder air, reduced downwelling long wave (LW) flux, and enhanced net surface LW cooling (LW feedback). A feedback between wind, evaporation, and SST (WES feedback) also contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the cold tongue. Simulations with a grayradiation model and simulations that diverge from protocol (with negligible winter cooling) confirm the importance of moist-radiative feedbacks and of rectification effects on the seasonal cycle. This mechanism coupling the continental and oceanic climate might be relevant to the double ITCZ bias. The key role of the LW feedback suggests that the study of interactions between monsoons and oceanic ITCZs requires full-physics models and a hierarchy of land models that considers evaporative processes alongside heat capacity as a defining characteristic of land.
Course trajectories of anxiety disorders: Results from a 6-year follow-up in a general population study
Authors: Schopman Simone ME , ten Have Margreet , van Balkom Anton J , de Graaf Ron , Batelaan Neeltje M
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Little is known about the course of anxiety disorders in the general population. This study provides insights into the course of anxiety disorders in the general population taking into account transition to residual symptoms and to other diagnostic categories.

Methods:

Using data from three waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2; n = 6646), subjects with anxiety disorders (T0; n = 243) were divided into three mutually exclusive course trajectories according to their diagnostic status at 3-year (T1) and 6-year (T2) follow-up: remission group (no disorder at T2), intermittent course group (no disorder at T1 and disorder at T2) and chronic course group (disorder at all measurements). Transition to residual symptoms or other psychopathology were studied. In addition, predictors of course trajectories were assessed.

Results:

During 6-year follow-up, 77.8% of subjects achieved remission, 14.0% followed an intermittent course and 8.2% a chronic course. Of those in remission, residual anxiety symptoms remained in 46.6%, while 7.9% developed another disorder between T0 and T2. Compared with the remitting group, a chronic course was predicted by not living with a partner, multiple negative life events, neuroticism, lower mental functioning, severity of anxiety symptoms, use of mental health care and medication use.

Limitations:

The intermittent and chronic course groups were small, limiting statistical power. As a result, certain predictors may not have reached significance.

Conclusions:

In the general population at 6-year follow-up, 77.8% of subjects with anxiety disorders achieved remission. Because of transition to residual symptoms or another diagnostic category, only 52.4% of those subjects had a true favourable outcome.
Research on the structural model of the perception scale of Assessment for Learning in college students’ PE class
Authors: Ye Jian-Fei , Chen Xin , Zhu Wei-Qiang , Dai Chang-Sheng
Published: April 2021

Objective

Under the guidance of the basic theory of AFL, a scientific and targeted measuring tool was initially developed to measure the perceived degree of college students’ Assessment for learning in physical education classroom and serve as an important basis for the implementation of AFL in physical education classroom.

Methods

according to the scale of the content framework, on the basis of expert interview and the inherent characteristics of AFL in the physical education classroom to form the initial questionnaire, used early 487 college students as object to the initial questionnaire for project analysis, to form the formal questionnaire, we used 391 college students as formal subjects was carried out the formal questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, test reliability and validity, to form the Perception Scale of AFL in College Students’ PE Class.

Results

The perception scale of AFL in College Students’ PE Class included 27 items, which were divided into four dimensions of learning diagnosis, goal clarification, process experience and result scaffold, which accounted for 64.253% of the total variation. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting index was good (2/DF =2.819, GFI = 0.905, AGFI = 0.912, IFI = 0.905, CFI = 0.926, NFI = 0.943, RMSEA = 0.056). The overall internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.895, the coefficients of each dimension were between 0.863 and 0.917, and the retest reliability was between 0.834 and 0.912. The scale as a whole has high calibration positive validity.

Conclusion

The Perception Scale of AFL in College Students’ PE Class compiled by this research has good differentiation, reliability and validity, and can be used as a measuring tool for Chinese college students’ perceived assessment for learning in physical education classroom.
Motor and Visual-spatial Cognitive Abilities in Children Treated for Infantile Esotropia
Authors: Dillmann Julia , Freitag Claudia , Lorenz Birgit , Holve Kerstin , Schweinfurth Silke , Schwarzer Gudrun
Published: April 2021

While many studies have investigated links between motor and visual spatial cognitive abilities in typically developing children, only a few studies have tested this link among children with innate handicaps. Therefore, we assessed motor abilities (using the M-ABC-2) and visual spatial cognitive skills (using the Block Design subtest of the WPPSI-III and a picture mental rotation task, PRT) of 5-7 year old typically developing children (n= 17) and same-aged children with severe deficits in stereopsis due to infantile esotropia (n= 17). Compared to the typically developing children, children with esotropia showed significantly poorer motor performances, especially in manual dexterity and ball skills, and significantly poorer and slower performance on the visual spatial cognitive tasks. Especially the girls treated for infantile esotropia needed more time to mentally rotate the pictures of the PRT correctly. Overall, this study showed that perceptual, motor and cognitive processes are interconnected and that children treated for infantile esotropia had an increased risk of motor and visual spatial cognitive deficits.
A Beastly Bargain: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Prison-Based Dog-Training Programs in Florida
Authors: Cooke Barbara J. , Hill Leslie B. , Farrington David P. , Bales William D.
Published: April 2021

Dog-training programs have become a popular form of alternative prison programming. One of the reported benefits of these programs is their low cost to the criminal justice system. Very little research has been conducted on their effects on offenders, and, to date, no cost-benefit analyses have been reported. This article presents a cost-benefit analysis using program cost and updated recidivism results from an evaluation of dog-training programs. The analyses projected that, for every criminal justice system dollar spent on the dog-training programs, between $2,877 and $5,353 were saved. These findings suggest that dog-training programs could be cost-beneficial.
Book review: Perter Berger and Sarbeshwar Sahoo (Eds.), Godroads: Modalities of Conversion in India
Authors: Lobo Lancy
Published: April 2021

Perter Berger and Sarbeshwar Sahoo (Eds.), Godroads: Modalities of Conversion in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, 296 pp. (Price not stated).
Mass production of polyacrylonitrile sub-micron fibrous webs with different aligned degrees via free surface electrospinning for air purification
Authors: Zhou Mengjuan , Fan Qi , Quan Zhenzhen , Zhang Hongnan , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong , Wang Rongwu , Yu Jianyong
Published: April 2021

Atmospheric pollution has emerged as causing irreversible harm to the ecosystem and people. Sub-micron fibrous filters play an incomparable role in effective air purification, owing to their excellent internal connectivity. Herein, three-dimensional sub-micron fibrous webs with various aligned degrees were conveniently fabricated via free surface electrospinning with different rotation speeds of the roller with a large diameter in large quantity, applied in air filtration. The influence of the orientation degrees of fibers on the performances of the fibrous filter was analyzed systematically. Results showed that the filtration performance of fibrous filters was inversely proportional to the orientation degree of the sub-micron fibers. Random fibrous webs with areal densities of ≤2.0 g m−2 exhibited high porosity (∼90%), ensuring qualified air permeability and outstanding filtration efficiency from 92% to 99.5% for ultra-fine aerosol particles (∼0.26 µm) under a higher air velocity of 14.1 cm s−1. The internal aperture channels were twists and turns with irregular polygon shape for random fibrous webs, while they were a narrow strip in the horizontal and straight in the longitudinal for aligned ones, which influenced the filter’s performances. Fibrous webs with better orientation of fibers and larger pore size are beneficial for energy efficiency and exhibited good filtration performance, better air permeability, and an improved mechanical property along the longitudinal direction. A cost-effective uniform sub-micron fibrous filter with different aligned degrees could be produced rapidly via free surface electrospinning with a mass production rate, which is beneficial for industrial production and commercial applications in respiratory protection and indoor air purification for precise purification of air pollution.
Community Service Outcomes in Justice-Involved Youth: Comparing Restorative Community Service to Standard Community Service
Authors: Church Abere Sawaqdeh , Marcus David K. , Hamilton Zachary K.
Published: April 2021

Traditional mandated community service (CS) typically consists of picking up trash or performing manual labor, distanced from the community. Some juvenile justice programs have begun to implement restorative community service (RCS) programs that enable youth to complete meaningful CS projects in a shame-free manner alongside community members. This study compared RCS with a standard community service (SCS) program in two counties in Washington State on psychosocial outcomes, including attitudes, peer relationships, school conduct, academic performance, and substance use. Recidivism was also examined. RCS was associated with reduced substance use and fewer school conduct difficulties compared with SCS, and also positively influenced peer relationships and attitudes. These findings suggest that adding a restorative component to CS may improve psychosocial outcomes for justice-involved youth, but there was no evidence that adding a restorative component to CS led to reduced recidivism. Additional systematic studies are needed to determine whether these findings replicate.
Curvilinear Sexism and Its Links to Men’s Perceived Mate Value
Authors: Bosson Jennifer K. , Rousis Gregory J. , Felig Roxanne N.
Published: April 2021

We tested the novel hypothesis that men lower in status-linked variables—that is, subjective social status and perceived mate value—are relatively disinclined to offset their high hostile sexism with high benevolent sexism. Findings revealed that mate value, but not social status, moderates the hostile–benevolent sexism link among men: Whereas men high in perceived mate value endorse hostile and benevolent sexism linearly across the attitude range, men low in mate value show curvilinear sexism, characterized by declining benevolence as hostility increases above the midpoint. Study 1 ( N = 15,205) establishes the curvilinear sexism effect and shows that it is stronger among men than women. Studies 2 ( N = 328) and 3 ( N = 471) show that the curve is stronger among men low versus high in perceived mate value, and especially if they lack a serious relationship partner (Study 3). Discussion considers the relevance of these findings for understanding misogyny.
The Environment as a Meta-narrative: Introduction to a Special Issue
Authors: Vasan Sudha
Published: April 2021

Narratives about protecting, speaking/acting for the environment are ubiquitous in a wide variety of heterogenous social situations. The essays in this special issue examine the form, content, context and materiality of the discourse of environmental protection. Based on field studies in India, the essays each examine the discourses in and of the courtroom, logic of state bureaucracy, legitimating frames of neoliberal urban policy, regional development narratives and subjectivities developed in indigenous social movements against land acquisition. In each of these contexts the environment is invoked, sometimes in strategic or even instrumental ways; in others, a green discourse is normative, even constitutive of subjectivities of the people involved. It is shaped by material relations in each specific context. The malleability of form and content of the environmental narrative encourages its appropriation in multiple registers and allows meaningful expression of diverse material contestations through it. It is in this diversity of appropriation that we suggest that the environment is a meta-narrative of our times.
A Scoping Review of Telehealth-Assisted Case Management for Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Joo Jee Young , Liu Megan F.
Published: April 2021

This scoping review aimed to examine telehealth-assisted case management for chronic illnesses and assess its overall impact on health care delivery. Guided by the PRISMA statement, this review included 36 empirical studies published between 2011 and 2020. This study identified three weaknesses and four strengths of telehealth-assisted case management. While the weaknesses were negative feelings about telehealth, challenges faced by patients in learning and using telehealth devices, and increased workload for case managers, the strengths included efficient and timely care, increased access to health care services, support for patients’ satisfaction, and cost savings. Future research can be designed and conducted for overcoming the weaknesses of telehealth-assisted case management. Additionally, the strengths identified by this review need to be translated from research into case management practice for chronic illness care. This review not only describes the value of such care strategy, but also provides implications for future nursing practice and research.
An efficient and label-free LC-MS/MS method for assessing drug’s activity at dopamine and serotonin transporters using transporter-transfected HEK293T cells
Authors: Lin Zebin , Liu Chenyang , Fan Enshan , Zhang Yurong , Zheng Shuiqing , Rao Yulan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) are targets for many psychoactive substances. Functional assays including uptake inhibition and release assays often involve radiolabeled compounds like [3H]-dopamine and [3H]-serotonin to assess drug activity at transporters, which have high requirements on handling radioactive samples.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to establish a label-free method to assess drug activity at DAT and SERT.

Methods:

A liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established using transporter-transfected human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. This method was evaluated by testing the effects of amphetamine and cocaine in the assay procedure.

Results:

The limits of detection of this method were 0.2 nM for both dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), with good linearities in the range of 0.5–160 nM. Amphetamine and cocaine’s IC50 and EC50 on DAT and SERT determined by this method were consistent with previous reports.

Conclusions:

A rapid, reliable and label-free LC-MS/MS method for assessing drug activity was established, which affords an attractive alternative for those laboratories that do not have a radiation license or capabilities.
Myocardium microcirculation study in a healthy Chinese population using 3.0-T cardiac magnetic resonance intravoxel incoherent motion imaging
Authors: Li Shilan , Mou Anna , Li Xin , Guo Yan , Song Qingwei , Liu Ailian , Li Zhiyong
Published: April 2021

Background

Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) can non-invasively evaluate diffusion and microvascular perfusion.

Purpose

To explore the myocardium microcirculation of a healthy Chinese population by using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) IVIM.

Material and Methods

A total of 80 healthy volunteers (44 men, 36 women) who underwent 3.0-T CMR examination were enrolled. All participants had cardiac cine imaging and short-axis CMR-IVIM of the left ventricle (LV) using multiple b-values. The consistency of the IVIM parameters was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman test. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between IVIM parameters and age, and body mass index (BMI). The differences of IVIM parameters were analyzed between gender and different ages.

Results

LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), LVmass, cardiac output (CO), and BMI in the male group were higher than those in the female group ( P<0.05). IVIM parameters had good intra-observer and inter-observer consistency (≥0.75). Bland–Altman analysis also showed good intra-observer and inter-observer consistency. ADCfast decreased with increasing female age (rs = –0.37; P = 0.01), while IVIM parameters had no correlation with BMI regardless of sex. ADCfast in the female group had a statistical difference between different age groups. The ADCslow and f in the male group were lower than those in the female group ( P<0.05); however, there was no statistical difference in ADCfast between genders.

Conclusion

IVIM parameters in healthy Chinese volunteers provided good consistency. There was a negative correlation between ADCfast and age in the female group.
Patterns of aggressiveness: risk of progression to invasive breast cancer by mammographic features of calcifications in screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Lilleborge Marie , Falk Ragnhild S , Hovda Tone , Holmen Marit M , Ursin Giske , Hofvind Solveig
Published: April 2021

Background

Mammographic features of calcifications on mammograms showing invasive breast cancer are associated with survival. Less is known about mammographic features and progression to invasive breast cancer among women treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Purpose

To investigate mammographic features of calcifications in screen-detected DCIS in women who later did and did not get diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.

Material and Methods

This registry-based nested case-control study analyzed data from women with screen-detected DCIS in BreastScreen Norway, 1995–2016. Within this cohort of women with DCIS, those who were later diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (cases) were matched (1:2) to women who were not diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (controls) after their DCIS and by the end of 2016. Information on mammographic features were collected by a national radiological review, where screening mammograms were reviewed locally at each of the 16 breast centers in Norway. We used conditional logistic regression analysis to estimate associations between mammographic features of calcifications in the DCIS mammogram and the risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

Results

We found a higher risk of invasive breast cancer associated with fine linear branching (casting) morphology (odds ratio 20.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–158.9) compared to fine linear or fine pleomorphic morphology. Regional or diffuse distribution showed an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI 1.0–8.2) compared to segmental or linear distribution.

Conclusion

Mammographic features of calcifications in screen-detected DCIS were of influence on the risk of invasive breast cancer. Unfavorable characteristics of DCIS were fine linear branching morphology, and regional or diffuse distribution.
Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Bo , He Jie , Du Zhongju
Published: April 2021

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Review, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of all retrieved studies. The research was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure the reliability and verity of the results. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13.0.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials were collected for the data extraction and meta-analysis. Significant differences in the pain score at 4, 12, and 24 weeks were found between patients treated with radiofrequency ablation and those treated with placebo. Furthermore, the use of radiofrequency ablation was associated with an improved outcome of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. No serious adverse events were observed in any patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency ablation is efficacious and safe for reducing pain and improving knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, without increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Exploring the functions of music in the lives of young people on the autism spectrum
Authors: Kirby Melissa L , Burland Karen
Published: April 2021

Current research investigating the functions of music in everyday life has identified cognitive, emotional, and social functions of music. However, previous research focuses almost exclusively on neurotypical people and rarely considers the musical experiences of autistic people. In addition, there is limited research which focuses explicitly on the musical experiences of young people on the autism spectrum. Current research exploring the functions of music may therefore not accurately represent the experiences of the autistic community. This article aims to explore the function of music in the lives of young people on the autism spectrum through a series of interviews. Eleven young people on the autism spectrum age 12 to 25 ( M = 19.4) were interviewed about the function of music in their lives. An adaptive interview technique, utilizing multiple methods of communication, was employed to account for the participants’ broad communicative and personal needs. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed four key functions of music in the participants’ lives: Cognitive, Emotional, Social, and Identity. Collectively, these results provide a unique insight into the musical experiences of young people on the autism spectrum.
Adaptive Sampling Simulated Annealing for the Synthesis of Disaggregate Mobility Data from Origin–Destination Matrices
Authors: Ballis Haris , Dimitriou Loukas
Published: April 2021

Agent-based modelling has been suggested as a highly suitable approach for the tackling of future mobility challenges. However, the application of disaggregate models is often hindered by the high granularity of the required input. Recent research has suggested a combinatorial optimization-based framework to enable the conversion of typical origin–destination matrices (ODs) to suitable input for agent-based modelling (e.g., trip-chains, tours, or activity-schedules). Nonetheless, the combinatorial nature of the approach requires very efficient and scalable optimization processes to handle large-scale ODs. This study suggests an advanced optimization technique, coined as the adaptive sampling simulated annealing (ASSA) algorithm, able to exploit high-level calibration information (in the form of a joint distribution) for the efficient addressing of large-scale combinatorial problems. The proposed optimization algorithm was evaluated using high-level information about the departure profile, the types of activities, and the travel time of the expected output and a set of large-scale trip-purpose- and time-period-segmented OD matrices of 253,000 trips. The obtained results showcase the ability of the methodology to accurately and efficiently convert large-scale ODs into disaggregate mobility traces since the inputted ODs were converted into thousands of travel-demand equivalent, disaggregate mobility traces with an accuracy exceeding 90%. The implications are significant since the abundance of travel-demand information in ODs can be now exploited for the preparation of disaggregate mobility traces, suitable for sophisticated agent-based transport modelling.
Marrow Stimulation Has Relatively Inferior Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cartilage Restoration Surgery of the Knee: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abraamyan Torgom , Johnson Alicia J. , Wiedrick Jack , Crawford Dennis C.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Multiple cartilage repair techniques are available for chondral defects in the knee. Optimal treatment is controversial.

Purpose:

To evaluate change from baseline in the 5 Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales among different cartilage repair techniques of the knee.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1A.

Methods:

Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched for randomized controlled trials with minimum 1 year follow-up reporting change from baseline KOOS (delta KOOS) subscale values. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. A meta-analysis was performed on the following surgery types: microfracture (Mfx); augmented microfracture techniques (Mfx+Augment); and culture-based therapies, including autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). A random-effects metaregression model was used.

Results:

A total of 14 randomized trials with a total of 775 patients were included. The KOOS Sport and Recreation (Sport) and KOOS Quality of Life (QOL) were the 2 most responsive subscales after operative intervention. Outcomes from Mfx and Mfx+Augment were not different in any of the 5 KOOS subscales (minimum P > .3). The mean delta KOOS Sport after ACI/MACI was 9.9 points greater than after Mfx ( P = .021) and 11.7 points greater than after Mfx+Augment ( P = .027). Longer follow-up time correlated with greater delta KOOS Sport ( P = .028). Larger body mass index led to greater delta KOOS QOL ( P = .045). Larger cartilage defect size correlated with greater delta KOOS Pain and KOOS Activities of Daily Living scores ( P = .023 and P = .002, respectively).

Conclusion:

The KOOS Sport and QOL were the most responsive subscales after cartilage restoration surgery of the knee. Culture-based therapies (ACI/MACI) led to clinically relevant improvements in the KOOS Sport score compared with marrow stimulation and may be a more appropriate treatment in younger and more active individuals. There were no benefits to Mfx+Augment over Mfx alone in any of the KOOS subscales.