bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean with Special Insights on the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Gulf and Seas: A Review
Authors: Habibi Nazima , Uddin Saif , Bottein Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui , Faizuddin Mohd
Published: July 2021

The dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus are found in almost all oceans and seas between the coordinates 35° N and 35° S. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are producers of ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are known to cause foodborne disease associated with contaminated seafood. The occurrence and effects of CTXs are well described in the Pacific and the Caribbean. However, historically, their properties and presence have been poorly documented in the Indian Ocean (including the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and the Gulf). A higher occurrence of these microorganisms will proportionately increase the likelihood of CTXs entering the food chain, posing a severe threat to human seafood consumers. Therefore, comprehensive research strategies are critically important for developing effective monitoring and risk assessments of this emerging threat in the Indian Ocean. This review presents the available literature on ciguatera occurrence in the region and its adjacent marginal waters: aiming to identify the data gaps and vectors.
Rotavirus A Genome Segments Show Distinct Segregation and Codon Usage Patterns
Authors: Hoxie Irene , Dennehy John J.
Published: July 2021

Reassortment of the Rotavirus A (RVA) 11-segment dsRNA genome may generate new genome constellations that allow RVA to expand its host range or evade immune responses. Reassortment may also produce phylogenetic incongruities and weakly linked evolutionary histories across the 11 segments, obscuring reassortment-specific epistasis and changes in substitution rates. To determine the co-segregation patterns of RVA segments, we generated time-scaled phylogenetic trees for each of the 11 segments of 789 complete RVA genomes isolated from mammalian hosts and compared the segments’ geodesic distances. We found that segments 4 (VP4) and 9 (VP7) occupied significantly different tree spaces from each other and from the rest of the genome. By contrast, segments 10 and 11 (NSP4 and NSP5/6) occupied nearly indistinguishable tree spaces, suggesting strong co-segregation. Host-species barriers appeared to vary by segment, with segment 9 (VP7) presenting the weakest association with host species. Bayesian Skyride plots were generated for each segment to compare relative genetic diversity among segments over time. All segments showed a dramatic decrease in diversity around 2007 coinciding with the introduction of RVA vaccines. To assess selection pressures, codon adaptation indices and relative codon deoptimization indices were calculated with respect to different host genomes. Codon usage varied by segment with segment 11 (NSP5) exhibiting significantly higher adaptation to host genomes. Furthermore, RVA codon usage patterns appeared optimized for expression in humans and birds relative to the other hosts examined, suggesting that translational efficiency is not a barrier in RVA zoonosis.
An Epitope Platform for Safe and Effective HTLV-1-Immunization: Potential Applications for mRNA and Peptide-Based Vaccines
Authors: Lucchese Guglielmo , Jahantigh Hamid Reza , De Benedictis Leonarda , Lovreglio Piero , Stufano Angela
Published: July 2021

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection affects millions of individuals worldwide and can lead to severe leukemia, myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and numerous other disorders. Pursuing a safe and effective immunotherapeutic approach, we compared the viral polyprotein and the human proteome with a sliding window approach in order to identify oligopeptide sequences unique to the virus. The immunological relevance of the viral unique oligopeptides was assessed by searching them in the immune epitope database (IEDB). We found that HTLV-1 has 15 peptide stretches each consisting of uniquely viral non-human pentapeptides which are ideal candidate for a safe and effective anti-HTLV-1 vaccine. Indeed, experimentally validated HTLV-1 epitopes, as retrieved from the IEDB, contain peptide sequences also present in a vast number of human proteins, thus potentially instituting the basis for cross-reactions. We found a potential for cross-reactivity between the virus and the human proteome and described an epitope platform to be used in order to avoid it, thus obtaining effective, specific, and safe immunization. Potential advantages for mRNA and peptide-based vaccine formulations are discussed.
Enzyme-Linked Phage Receptor Binding Protein Assays (ELPRA) Enable Identification of Bacillus anthracis Colonies
Authors: Braun Peter , Rupprich Nadja , Neif Diana , Grass Gregor
Published: July 2021

Bacteriophage receptor binding proteins (RBPs) are employed by viruses to recognize specific surface structures on bacterial host cells. Recombinant RBPs have been utilized for detection of several pathogens, typically as fusions with reporter enzymes or fluorescent proteins. Identification of Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, can be difficult because of the bacterium’s close relationship with other species of the Bacillus cereussensu lato group. Here, we facilitated the identification of B. anthracis using two implementations of enzyme-linked phage receptor binding protein assays (ELPRA). We developed a single-tube centrifugation assay simplifying the rapid analysis of suspect colonies. A second assay enables identification of suspect colonies from mixed overgrown solid (agar) media derived from the complex matrix soil. Thus, these tests identified vegetative cells of B. anthracis with little processing time and may support or confirm pathogen detection by molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction.
Characterization and Food Application of the Novel Lytic Phage BECP10: Specifically Recognizes the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Park Do-Won , Park Jong-Hyun
Published: July 2021

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a global concern that causes serious diseases, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea. To control E. coli O157:H7 in food, a novel siphophage, BECP10, that targets the O157 serotype was isolated and characterized. Unlike other E. coli phages, BECP10 can only infect E. coli O157 strains, and thus, did not infect other strains. The 48 kbp genome of BECP10 contained 76 open reading frames (ORFs), including 33 putative functional ORFs. The phage did not contain lysogeny-related modules or toxin-associated genes, suggesting that the phage might be strictly lytic. The tail spike protein (TSP) sequence had very low homology with the reported T1-like phages, indicating that TSP might be related to this unique host spectrum. The specific O-antigen residue of E. coli O157:H7 may be a key factor for phage infection by adsorption and receptor identification. The phage exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 over a broad pH range and showed little development of phage-insensitive mutants. The phage sustained viability on the burger patties and reduced E. coli O157:H7 to a non-detectable level without the emergence of resistant cells at low temperatures for five days. Therefore, phage BECP10 might be a good biocontrol agent for E. coli O157:H7-contaminated food matrices.
De Novo Polycomb Recruitment: Lessons from Latent Herpesviruses
Authors: Dochnal Sara A. , Francois Alison K. , Cliffe Anna R.
Published: July 2021

The Human Herpesviruses persist in the form of a latent infection in specialized cell types. During latency, the herpesvirus genomes associate with cellular histone proteins and the viral lytic genes assemble into transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin. Although there is divergence in the nature of heterochromatin on latent herpesvirus genomes, in general, the genomes assemble into forms of heterochromatin that can convert to euchromatin to permit gene expression and therefore reactivation. This reversible form of heterochromatin is known as facultative heterochromatin and is most commonly characterized by polycomb silencing. Polycomb silencing is prevalent on the cellular genome and plays a role in developmentally regulated and imprinted genes, as well as X chromosome inactivation. As herpesviruses initially enter the cell in an un-chromatinized state, they provide an optimal system to study how de novo facultative heterochromatin is targeted to regions of DNA and how it contributes to silencing. Here, we describe how polycomb-mediated silencing potentially assembles onto herpesvirus genomes, synergizing what is known about herpesvirus latency with facultative heterochromatin targeting to the cellular genome. A greater understanding of polycomb silencing of herpesviruses will inform on the mechanism of persistence and reactivation of these pathogenic human viruses and provide clues regarding how de novo facultative heterochromatin forms on the cellular genome.
Deletion of the K145R and DP148R Genes from the Virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 Isolate Delays the Onset, but Does Not Reduce Severity, of Clinical Signs in Infected Pigs
Authors: Rathakrishnan Anusyah , Reis Ana L. , Goatley Lynnette C. , Moffat Katy , Dixon Linda K.
Published: July 2021

African swine fever virus causes a frequently fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that has a high economic impact across 3 continents. The large double-stranded DNA genome codes for approximately 160 proteins. Many of these have unknown functions and this hinders our understanding of the virus and host interactions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of two virus proteins, K145R and DP148R, in virus replication in macrophages and virulence in pigs. To do this, the DP148R gene, alone or in combination with the K145R gene, was deleted from the virulent genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate. Neither of these deletions reduced the ability of the viruses to replicate in porcine macrophages compared to the parental wild-type virus. Pigs infected with GeorgiaΔDP148R developed clinical and post-mortem signs and high viremia, typical of acute African swine fever, and were culled on day 6 post-infection. The additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed the onset of clinical signs and viremia in pigs by 3 days, but pigs showed signs of acute African swine fever and were culled on days 10 or 13 post-infection. The results show that the deletion of DP148R did not attenuate the genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate, contrary to the results obtained with the genotype I Benin97/1 isolate. Additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed clinical signs, but infected pigs reached the humane endpoint. The deletion of additional genes would be required to attenuate the virus.
Effect of Professional and Extra-Professional Exposure on Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers of the French Alps: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vitrat Virginie , Maillard Alexis , Raybaud Alain , Wackenheim Chloé , Chanzy Bruno , Nguyen Sophie , Valran Amélie , Bosch Alexie , Noret Marion , Delory Tristan
Published: July 2021

We aimed to report SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare workers, and to explore factors associated with an increased infection rate. We conducted a multicentric cross-sectional survey from 27 June to 31 September 2020. For this survey, we enrolled 3454 voluntary healthcare workers across four participating hospitals, of which 83.4% were female, with a median age of 40.6 years old (31.8–50.3). We serologically screened the employees for SARS-CoV-2, estimated the prevalence of infection, and conducted binomial logistic regression with random effect on participating hospitals to investigate associations. We estimated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at 5.0% (95 CI, 4.3%–5.8%). We found the lowest prevalence in health professional management support (4.3%) staff. Infections were more frequent in young professionals below 30 years old (aOR = 1.59, (95 CI, 1.06–2.37)), including paramedical students and residents (aOR = 3.38, (95 CI, 1.62–7.05)). In this group, SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was up 16.9%. The location of work and patient-facing role were not associated with increased infections. Employees reporting contacts with COVID-19 patients without adequate protective equipment had a higher rate of infection (aOR = 1.66, (95 CI, 1.12–2.44)). Aerosol-generating tasks were associated with a ~1.7-fold rate of infection, regardless of the uptake of FFP2. Those exposed to clusters of infected colleagues (aOR = 1.77, (95 CI, 1.24–2.53)) or intra-familial COVID-19 relatives (aOR = 2.09, (95 CI, 1.15–3.80)) also had a higher likelihood of infection. This report highlights that a sustained availability of personal protective equipment limits the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate to what is measured in the general population. It also pinpoints the need for dedicated hygiene training among young professionals, justifies the systematic eviction of infected personnel, and stresses the need for interventions to increase vaccination coverage among any healthcare workers.
Sex Disparities in Efficacy in COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bignucolo Alessia , Scarabel Lucia , Mezzalira Silvia , Polesel Jerry , Cecchin Erika , Toffoli Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Sex differences in adaptive and innate immune responses have been shown to occur and anecdotal reports suggest that vaccine efficacy and safety may be sex-dependent. We investigated the influence of sex on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines through a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines. The safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines was also investigated. A systematic review included eligible articles published in three databases and three websites. A meta-analysis of available data, stratified by sex, was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman method, as well as influence and heterogeneity analysis. Pooled analysis showed significantly higher efficacy, measured as the rate of new COVID-19 cases, in men compared to women in the vaccine group (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.94). No sex differences were found in the rate of new cases in the control group (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.09). Safety profiles derived from pharmacovigilance reports appear to indicate increased toxicity in women. In conclusion, evidence of a potential role of sex in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was described. It strengthens the need to include sex as a core variable in the clinical trial design of COVID-19 vaccines.
Comparative Analysis of Chloramphenicol-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Dairy Companies in Korea
Authors: Bae Sung Hyun , Yoon Sunghyun , Kim Koeun , Kim Yeong Bin , Lee Young Ju
Published: July 2021

Although chloramphenicol is currently banned from use in livestock, other phenicols, such as florfenicol and thiamphenicol, have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections in domestic cattle in Korea. This study compares the characteristics of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the bulk tank milk of four major dairy companies in Korea. Although the distribution of multidrug resistance patterns showed no significant differences between the four companies, 85 chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates showed a significantly high number of resistances against five or six antimicrobial classes (37.6%, respectively) (p < 0.05). When analyzing the distribution of phenicol resistance genes, 31 (36.5%) isolates only carried the catA gene, and two (6.3%) isolates from company A only carried the cfr gene. No isolates carried the catB or fexA genes. Regarding the distribution of other resistance genes, both the tetL and tetM (45.9%), ermB (82.4%), and both aac(6″)-Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6′)-Ia genes (30.6%) showed a high prevalence, and the optrA and poxtA genes were observed separately, each in only two (2.4%) isolates. Our results confirm that the dissemination of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and some antimicrobial resistance genes show significant differences between dairy companies. Therefore, our results support that each dairy company should undertake effective surveillance programs to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance on a multidisciplinary level.
A Study to Suggest Monthly Baseflow Estimation Approach for the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis Models: A Case Study in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hanyong , Choi Hyun-Seok , Chae Min-Suh , Park Youn-Shik
Published: July 2021

Changes in both land use and rainfall patterns can lead to changes in the hydrologic behavior of the watershed. The long-term hydrologic impact analysis (L-THIA) model has been used to predict such changes and analyze the changes in mitigation scenarios. The model is simple as only a small amount of input data are required, but it can predict only the direct runoff and cannot determine the streamflow. This study, therefore, aimed to propose a method for predicting the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the model. The monthly baseflows for 20 watersheds in South Korea were estimated under different land use conditions. Calibration of the monthly baseflow prediction method produced values for R2 and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) within the ranges of 0.600–0.817 and 0.504–0.677, respectively; during validation, these values were in the ranges of 0.618–0.786 and 0.567–0.727, respectively. This indicates that the proposed method can reliably predict the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the L-THIA model. The proposed model is expected to be applicable to all the various forms of the model.
Phytoplankton Time-Series in a LTER Site of the Adriatic Sea: Methodological Approach to Decipher Community Structure and Indicative Taxa
Authors: Vascotto Ivano , Mozetič Patricija , Francé Janja
Published: July 2021

In the shallow and landlocked northeast Adriatic Sea, environmental factors have changed in recent decades. Their influence on seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton has been documented in the recent literature. Here, we decipher the long-term variability of phytoplankton phenology at a Long-Term Ecological Research site (Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia). Structural changes in the phytoplankton community (period 2005–2017) were analysed using a multivariate protocol based on Bayesian clustering. The protocol was modified from the literature to fit the needs of the study, using correspondence analysis and k-means clustering. A novel index for ordination and selection of taxa based on frequency and evenness was developed. The Total Inertia analysis showed that this index better preserved the available information. Typical seasonal assemblages were highlighted by applying the Indicative Value index in conjunction with likelihood ratio values. We obtained a rough picture of the seasonal separation of the diatom-dominated community from the mixed community and a refined picture of the phenology of the assemblages and bloom events. The spring diatom peak proved to be inconstant and short-lived, while the autumn bloom was generally long and diverse. As expected for nearshore environments, the average life span of the assemblages was found to be short-periodic (2–4 months). The second part of the year and the last part of the series were more prone to changes in terms of typical assemblages.
The Effects of Temperature, Light, and Feeding on the Physiology of Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Turbinaria reniformis Corals
Authors: Dobson Kerri L. , Ferrier-Pagès Christine , Saup Casey M. , Grottoli Andréa G.
Published: July 2021

Evidence has shown that individually feeding or reduced light can mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology. We aimed to evaluate if simultaneous low light and feeding would mitigate, minimize, or exacerbate negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology and carbon budgets. Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Turbinaria reniformis were grown for 28 days under a fully factorial experiment including two seawater temperatures (ambient temperature of 25 °C, elevated temperature of 30 °C), two light levels (high light of 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1, low light of 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1), and either fed (Artemia nauplii) or unfed. Coral physiology was significantly affected by temperature in all species, but the way in which low light and feeding altered their physiological responses was species-specific. All three species photo-acclimated to low light by increasing chlorophyll a. Pocillopora damicornis required feeding to meet metabolic demand irrespective of temperature but was unable to maintain calcification under low light when fed. In T. reniformis, low light mitigated the negative effect of elevated temperature on total lipids, while feeding mitigated the negative effects of elevated temperature on metabolic demand. In S. pistillata, low light compounded the negative effects of elevated temperature on metabolic demand, while feeding minimized this negative effect but was not sufficient to provide 100% metabolic demand. Overall, low light and feeding did not act synergistically, nor additively, to mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperature on P. damicornis, S. pistillata, or T. reniformis. However, feeding alone was critical to the maintenance of metabolic demand at elevated temperature, suggesting that sufficient supply of heterotrophic food sources is likely essential for corals during thermal stress (bleaching) events.
Features of eating behavior and social anxiety in women who negatively assess their appearance
Authors: Gardanova Zhanna Robertovna , Kalina Svetlana Andreevna , Khritinin Dmitriy Fedorovich , Nekrasov Mikhail Anatolievich , Dementieva Evgeniya Vitalievna , Ilgov Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Gardanov Albert Kirillovich , Veprentsova Svetlana Yurievna , Burma Aleksandra Alekseevna , Gallyamova Gulchyachyak Abraravna , Matreshin Ilya Mikhailovich , Abdurakhmanov Saypudin Davudovich
Published: July 2021

In the conditions of rapid development and increasing the accessibility of the beauty industry, a person forms an ideal image of himself, which must be met. The consequences are expressed by the widespread dissatisfaction in the society with the appearance inherent in people of any age and representing a potential threat to physical and mental health. In order to study the peculiarities of eating behavior in women who negatively assess their appearance, a psychodiagnosis of a sample of 98 women aged 18 to 60 years was conducted with the study of assessing attitudes to their own bodies, assessing eating behavior, and assessing the level of social anxiety. As a result of the data obtained, the importance of timely diagnosis of manifestations of social anxiety for people seeking psychological help with the aim of correcting eating behavior, low self-esteem, dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction with their bodies, non-acceptance of their appearance, and also people who have an increased risk of eating disorders and body image disorders.
Land management of agricultural organizations under radioactive contamination
Authors: Makarov A.A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the features of land management for agricultural organizations in conditions of radioactive contamination, and also suggests the most effective ways to reduce the negative impact of radioactive contamination on agricultural production.
Influence of trends in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the introduction of integrated reporting of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Dzhikia Mary Konstantinovna
Published: July 2021

In this article, the main program documents for the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex are considered, the dynamics of the cost of agricultural gross output is revealed, the factor analysis of milk production in the Russian Federation is carried out, the factors of increasing milk production are determined, the risks in the field of food security are considered, the trends of changes in the engineering infrastructure in rural areas are revealed, the decrease in the import of basic food and the excess of the threshold values of indicators of food independence (selfsufficiency) are revealed.) Of the Russian Federation in 2019 for basic food products. Based on the analysis of the state of agriculture in Russia, the trends that led to the need for the introduction of integrated reporting for agricultural enterprises are highlighted.
PREVENTING PROCESS FATIGUE WHEN FINISHING A PART
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: July 2021

Possibilities of preventing the appearance of fatigue cracks during finishing processing of a part by changing the elastic–mechanical characteristics of the workpiece due to the accumulation of fatigue defects preceding the appearance of a crack are considered. Modules of elasticity and shear are considered as characteristics to be controlled under the assumption that the material of the part is isotropic. To control these values, the equation of vibrations of the part is used, which is solved by the numerical method, and the values of E and G are selected, corresponding to the measured displacements of surface points that occur during a given movement of the processing tool. The movements are proposed to be measured remotely. The obtained sequences of estimates of the elasticity and shear moduli form two time series, according to which a long–range forecast is made, and the limiting values of the sequences are calculated with an unlimited increase in time. The fatigue criterion is the reduction of these values at the present or future points in time below a preset value. Depending on the degree of reduction, a decision can be made to reject the part or to correct the technological process with a change in the law of the machining tool motion. The proposed control method can be used in the construction of flexible production systems.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE CUTTING SURFACES OF THE CUTTING PART OF NANO–COATED SCANS
Authors: KUDRYAVTSEV S.V. , SELEMENEV M.F. , PROSOLOV E.A. , PANKOV G.B. , TARAPANOV A.S.
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the temperature change of the contact surfaces of the cutting part of the reamer and the theoretical calculation under various processing conditions for the reaming process are carried out. A block diagram of the installation is presented, which allows recording the temperature change in the cutting zone on a computer in real time. It was found that with the effective use of nanocoatings (epilams), the friction coefficient decreases, thereby decreasing the temperature of the deployment process and increasing the tool life.
A Study by PCR on the Prevalence of Whitespot Syndrome Virus, Monodon Baculovirus and Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus Infection in Penaeus monodon Post Larvae in Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India
Authors: UMA A. , RAMANATHAN N. , SARAVANABAVA K.
Published: July 2021

The present study reports the prevalence of Whitespot syndrome virus (WSSV), Monodon baculovirus (MBV) and Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) in the Penaeus monodon post larvae in Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India. The PCR diagnosis of postlarvae revealed that 9.2% of the samples were infected with WSSV as they were positive either in one step or nested PCR. The PCR diagnosis of samples also showed that 9.6 and 6.4% of the samples screened were positive for MBV and HPV, respectively. Dual infection with MBV and HPV was observed by PCR in 2.6% of the samples screened. Multiple infection with WSSV, MBV and HPV was observed at 1.6% of the samples by PCR. Wet mount squash preparation from the hepatopancreas of postlarvae revealed that 5.5, 5.2 and 1.8% of the samples tested were positive for MBV, HPV and dual infection with MBV and HPV, respectively.
Effects of Edible Coatings on the Moisture Content and Lipid Oxidation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Fillets during Three Months of Frozen Storage
Authors: AMBARDEKAR A.A.
Published: July 2021

The effects of a variety of edible coatings, cooked arrowtooth flounder coating (AFC), hydrolysed arrowtooth flounder protein (AFH), acid solubilized arrowtooth flounder protein (AFP), soy protein (SP), whey protein (WP) and non-coated fillets as control (NC) on the biochemical and physical changes in pink salmon fillets stored at - 30o C were evaluated in this study. The AFC and AFH coatings significantly reduced the relative moisture loss (RML) of the fillets, while the thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) assays for AFH and SP were significantly lower than in treatments. The AFP significantly increased coating yield as well as the moisture content of cooked fillets. This study demonstrated the efficacy of arrowtooth flounder protein coatings as a means of maintaining fish fillet quality.
Biology and Fishery of Banded Gourami, Colisa fasciata (Bloch and Schneider 1801) in a Floodplain Wetland of Ganga River Basin
Authors: MITRA K. , SURESH V.R. , VINCI G.K. , MAZUMDAR N.N. , BISWAS D.K.
Published: July 2021

The banded or giant gourami, Colisa fasciata (Bloch and Schneider 1801) has high food as well as ornamental value in India and its neighbouring countries. The natural resources of this species are declining due to over exploitation. Food habits, condition, reproductive biology, length–weight relation, population parameters and fishery resource status of the species in a floodplain wetland in the Ganga River basin, India, were studied to provide inputs for conservation of the natural populations of the species. The fish subsisted mainly on phytoplankton. Sex ratio was in favor of males. Fecundity ranged from 1095 to 19291. Females matured at 5.7 cm in total length. The breeding period was March–September. The regression model for length and weight of the fish was established. Catch was maximum during October-February, the post spawning period, and lower during March-September, the breeding period. The estimates obtained for von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (K) =1.3 year-1 , total mortality (Z) = 2.8 year-1 , natural mortality (M) = 2.3 year-1 , fishing mortality (F) = 0.5 year-1 , exploitation ratio (E)= 0.18, exploitation rate for maximum yield per recruit (Emax)= 0.6, asymptotic length (L∞) = 10.4 cm, length at maturity (Lm) = 7.0 cm and length at maximum possible yield (Lopt) = 6.1 cm. Ten percent of the fishes caught were immature and 37% were in the length at maximum possible yield. Closed or less intense fishing during March–September and selective catch of specimens of 6 cm length would help in the conservation of the natural stock of the fish and to obtain maximum possible yield.
Destreza motora e desempenho em tarefas escolares de escrita em crianças de 6 a 11 anos de idade
Authors: Silva Nadja Moreira da , Avelino Amorim Ana Rita , Boe De Almeida Turco Bruna Paula , Cymrot Raquel , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: July 2021

As dificuldades de aprendizagem estão presentes nas salas de aula e podem ocasionar danos irreparáveis como a evasão escolar. Estudos apontam que indivíduos com dificuldades de aprendizagem tendem a apresentar atrasos na coordenação manual, destreza manual e nas habilidades motoras finas. O objetivo desse estudo foi correlacionar o desempenho em testes de destreza manual com o desempenho em tarefas escolares de escrita, em crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os participantes foram 15 escolares com desenvolvimento típico, entre 6 e 11 anos de idade, que frequentassem escola regular, sendo avaliados com os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Van Strien para preferência manual, Teste Caixa e Blocos (TCB), Teste de Função Manual Jebsen Taylor (TFMJT) e Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE). Na análise estatística verificou-se que 84,62% das crianças caracterizaram-se como destras e 15,38% como ambidestras, além de correlação linear positiva entre o TCB e o TDE, e correlação linear negativa entre o TFMJT e o TDE, e que as crianças apresentaram melhor desempenho de acordo com o aumento da idade. Conclui-se que, houve correlação entre a destreza motora manual e o desempenho nas tarefas escolares de escrita.
Studi Mekanisme Sedimentasi Formasi Dolokapa, Gorontalo
Authors: Salama Tedy Harianto , Maryati Sri , Manyoe Intan Noviantari
Published: July 2021

The Dolokapa Formation is a sedimentary rock formation formed in a deep-sea depositional environment with a fairly complex level of deformation and tectonic arrangement. Analysis of the sedimentation mechanism is carried out to determine how much tectonic influence on the mechanisms that occur in a depositional environment and the variations in the sedimentation mechanism formed. Research on the sedimentation mechanism needs to be carried out to determine the history of the formation of Gorontalo sedimentary rocks, especially in the Dolokapa Formation which was formed during the Miocene. The purpose of this study is to know the mechanisms of deep-marine sedimentation based on the identification of lithological characteristics, layer stacking patterns, and sedimentary structures. The method used was measuring sections using a range of ropes divided into four measurement paths. After that, a correlation was performed based on the genesis of deep marine formation. Based on the results of processing and analysis of the data, obtained units of lithology that insertion silty-clay, and the sandstone graining insertion of silt. In vertical succession, the layering pattern formed generally thickens upwards which describes the energy of the depositional currents. The sedimentary structure consists of rip up-clast, parallel lamination, graded bedding, convolute, slump, and trace fossils of nereites trace fossils of nereites that characterize the sedimentation of traction currents and turbidite currents in the deep-sea environment. The sedimentation mechanism formed is the traction current mechanism which is a further development of turbidite current and high-low concentration turbidity current mechanism that occurs slowly on a suspension-controlled grain. The stratigraphic relationship of the rock units in the research area is aligned based on the genesis formation that is located in the setting of the deep marine.
Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarının Duygusal Zekâ Durumları ile Prososyal Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkiyi İncelemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: SUCU Murat
Published: July 2021

Bireylerin olağandışı durumlarda görev tanımları kapsamında olmayan ancak başka bir birey ya da grup için faydalı olacak prososyal davranışlar sergilemesi önemli bir konu olduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle bu davranışların karşılığında ödül beklentisi olmaması, davranışların gönüllü olarak ortaya çıkmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu davranışların ortaya çıkmasında duygusal zekâ ve unsurlarının önemli bir yeri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bireyin duygusal zekâ durumu, kendi ve başkalarının duygularını anlama, duygularını kontrol edebilme ve duygularından yararlanma unsurlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu unsurların biraraya gelmesi ile rol içi ve rol ötesi prososyal davranışların ortaya çıkabileceği ve birey ve kurumlar için önemli faydalar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmamız, salgın hastalık nedeni ile olağanüstü durumlar yaşadığımız bu dönemde sağlık çalışanlarının katılımı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızın örneklemini, İstanbul ilinde özel kurumlarda çalışan toplam 209 doktor ve hemşireden oluşturmuştur. Araştırmamızda veri toplama aracı olarak, kişisel bilgi formu, prososyal davranış ve duygusal zekâ ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, duygusal zekâ ve unsurlarının prososyal davranışların ortaya çıkmasında anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, duygusal zekâ alt faktörlerinin rol ötesi prososyal davranışların ortaya çıkmasında da anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Determining The Country-Specific Variables Affecting The Market Value of Turkish Eurobonds: NARDL Approach
Authors: YİĞİT Fatih , CANÖZ İsmail
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the country-specific variables influencing the market value of eurobonds issued by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Treasury and Finance. The study covers the period from January 2012 to June 2020. For the study, the 102-month time series are analysed with the NARDL model. Parallel to the model, independent variables are decomposed into positive and negative shocks and these components are added to the model. Thus, the existence of a significant asymmetric cointegration relationship is investigated. According to the findings, the negative and positive shocks of credit default swap in both the short and long term significantly affect the Turkish eurobond market value, but the negative shock has a greater impact. In addition, the negative shock of total international reserves in the short term and the negative shock of the current account in the long term significantly affect the Turkish eurobond market value.
Designing for Degrowth: Architecture Against Climate Apartheid
Authors: Plotnikova Sasha
Published: July 2021

This paper challenges architects to consider a political economy that allows for social and ecological sustainability in the practice of architecture. At a time that bears witness to scores of radical proposals for re-shaping the field, we have the opportunity to reconsider the foundations of the field, and to pinpoint systemic injustices in which the building industries are complicit. In engaging a conversation about alternatives to a market-driven design field, this paper opens up a conversation about the ethics of sustainable design as it’s been practiced under the prevailing growth-driven economic model, in comparison with how it might fortify the longevity of a community under an alternative framework. The paper will point to examples of existing practices that apply principles of degrowth in furthering sustainable build- ing and living practices in the context of their community. Using the framework of degrowth, this paper expands the notion of sustainable design to include the social dimension (ie, whether a project sustains a community or displaces it); provides an analysis of “green growth” and “green-washing,” and equips architects with an understanding of ecology that considers the biosphere and the community where the proj- ect is sited as being inextricable from one another.
Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Kurikulum 2013 di SMAN 1 Jasinga
Authors: Esa Fitriana Agung , Iqbal Rahmat , Ratri Julianti Rekha
Published: July 2021

Pendidikan merupakan suatu kebutuhan manusia yang berlangsung seumur hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan implementasi strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan jasmani berdasar kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang diintepretasikan dengan cara deskripsi, yang menyajikan data hasil penelitian berupa rangkaian kata-kata. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru penjasorkes dan  kepala sekolah. Objek  dalam penelitian ini adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran  penjas. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara interaktif, analisis pada model ini menggunakan model analisa Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pedoman observasi. Dan instrumen  pendukungnya adalah wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Implementasi  Satrategi Pembelajaran Penjas Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah baik, implementasi tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari rencana pembelajaran adalah baik, pelaksanaan pembelajaran baik dan proses penilaianya juga baik. Dengan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Penjas Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah baik.
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Tungkai dengan Ketepatan Smash pada Ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli
Authors: Prasetya Nugraha Adhi , Chaerul Andrie , Kusuma Yuda Aria
Published: July 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kekuatan otot tungkai dengan ketepatan Smash permainan bola voli dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler siswa sekolah SMAN 10 Bekasi. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode korelasi dengan teknik perhitungan Product Moment. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kekuatan otot tungkai dengan menggunakan instrument tes Vertical Jump, keterampilan ketepatan Smash dengan menggunakan instrumen hasil total skor/ nilai yaitu angka sasaran. Berdasarkan penelitian ini hasil tes kekuatan otot tungkai (X) siswa memiliki kekuatan otot tungkai Baik Sekali 10% (3 siswa), Baik 40% (12 siswa), Cukup37%(11 siswa) ,Kurang 10% (3 siswa), Kurang Sekali 3% (1 siswa) dan ketepatan Smash permaianan bola voli (Y) Baik Sekali 50% (15siswa), Baik 20% (6 siswa), Cukup 23% (7 siswa), Kurang 7% (2 siswa), Kurang Sekali 0% (0 siswa), dengan ditunjukan oleh nilai hasil uji korelasi Product Moment sebesar 0,88 yang diklasifikasikan dengan tabel interpretasi koefisien korelasi 0,80 – 1,000 yang berarti memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dan ditunjukkan dengan nilai thitungsebesar 10,11 dimana taraf kesalahan α = 0,05; db = n – 2 = 30 – 2 = 28 sehingga didapat ttabelsebesar 1,701. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekuatan otot tungkai memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan ketepatan Smash dalam permainan bolavoli.
High-thermal-stability resistor formed from manganese nitride compound that exhibits the saturation state of the mean free path
Authors: Kino Hisashi , Fukushima Takafumi , Tanaka Tetsu
Published: July 2021

Antiperovskite manganese nitride compounds possess the saturation characteristics of the mean free path at an approximate room temperature. Therefore, such compounds show a flat resistance–temperature curve at an approximate room temperature. In this paper, we propose a manganese nitride resistor for high-thermal-stability systems. We fabricated and evaluated the micro/nanoscale manganese nitride compound resistors using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process. The thermal coefficient of the fabricated manganese nitride compound resistor was as low as that of other near-zero temperature-coefficient of resistivity materials. These results indicate that manganese nitride compounds can achieve higher thermal stability.
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Nigeria., MA Gadanya , KA Adamu ,   Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State, Nigeria., UM Ibrahim ,   Department of Public Health, Jigawa State Ministry of Health Dutse, Jigawa State.
Published: July 2021

Background: In developing countries, the lack of accessible, affordable and acceptable orthodox care makes a significant proportion of the populace patronize the nearby available and cheap traditional birth attendants (TBAs) that share similar local custom and tradition. Although there are widely diverging shreds of evidence regarding their effectiveness as health care providers, they may have a limited role as a workforce during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic where the more community-based distribution of commodities is increasingly considered due to movement restrictions. However, it is still doubtful if their integration into the formal health system may substantially contribute to basic health care delivery especially in the rural often hard to reach areas. Objectives: To explore the various roles of TBAs in reproductive health service delivery with implication for redefining their roles especially with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We searched and reviewed relevant literature on TBAs in PubMed, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and Google scholar and relevant institutional websites for the role of TBAs pre and during the pandemic. The databases searched yielded 92 articles of potential significance to this review. After title/abstract review, 65 articles were moved to full document review. Nineteen articles explicitly and strictly focusing on TBAs concerning reproductive health were included in this review. Results: TBAs are providers of a wide range of reproductive health services and training to expand their roles and makes them safer is necessary for any consideration of their engagement; this implies the fight against COVID-19. TBAs should only be engaged if the gap in the resources for health must be filled by leveraging on their existing traditional roles and acceptance in the community. Conclusion: TBAs are widely utilised providers of care to their communities especially in the area of maternal care. With increasing emphasis on community-based services in healthcare delivery and the emergence of COVID-19, their roles must be reviewed and updated regularly to redefine their role in the health care delivery system especially because of the myriad personal and technical limitations associated with them. Any engagement with them should be with caution and as a stop-gap measur.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS REGARDING PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA.
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Benin,  Benin-City,  Edo State, Nigeria., A Fourrier-Réglat ,   Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, team    Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France., AO Isah ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Benin,  Benin-City,  Edo State, Nigeria.
Published: July 2021

Background: In Nigeria, reporting pharmacovigilance issues including adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from health facilities is encouraged especially by health care professionals (HCPs). Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of HCPs regarding pharmacovigilance in teaching hospitals in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six selected teaching hospitals in the South-South zone of Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered to 1200 HCPs (doctors, pharmacists and nurses). Information sought included demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance especially ADRs reporting. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The 796 adequately completed questionnaires were used for the analysis. The mean age (standard deviation, SD) of the participants was 39.0 (8.0) years and the mean duration of practice (SD) was 12.7 (8.2) years. Two hundred and forty-one (30.3 %) of HCPs had ever documented or reported ADRs, of which only 97 (40.2 %) had ever used the national ADRs reporting form. Most respondents 746 (93.7 %) knew they could submit ADRs reports relating to new medicines and submit reports of new and unexpected ADRs 683 (85.8 %). Fewer respondents 540 (67.3 %) would submit reports relating to herbal medicines, and 256 (32.2 %) mild ADRs. Four hundred and fifty-six (57.3 %) had no difficulty in determining whether to report ADRs. Overall, nurses appeared the least knowledgeable about reporting ADRs. On improving reports, 278 (34.9 %) respondents advocated increased awareness and education on ADRs reporting. Conclusion: The HCPs in tertiary hospitals in the South-South zone had a modest knowledge, positive attitude but poor reporting practices in pharmacovigilance which may be improved with education and easier reporting processes.