bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of TiN Coating on the Drawing Force and Friction Coefficient in the Deep Drawing Process of AlMg4.5Mn0.7 Thin Sheets
Authors: Djordjević Milan T. , Aleksandrović Srbislav , Arsić Dušan , Nikolić Ružica R. , Szmidla Janusz , Todić Aleksandar , Čukanović Dragan , Ulewicz Robert
Published: May 2023

The influence of various process parameters on the deep drawing process is a current research topic in sheet metal forming technology. Starting from the application of the previously constructed original testing device, an original tribological model was developed based on the process of sheet metal strip sliding between flat contact surfaces under variable pressures. A complex experiment was executed using an Al alloy sheet, tool contact surfaces of different roughness, two types of lubricants and variable contact pressures. The procedure included analytically pre-defined contact pressure functions based on which, for each of the mentioned conditions, the dependencies of the drawing forces and friction coefficients were obtained. The pressure in function P1 constantly decreased from a high initial value until the minimum, while in function P3 the pressure increased until the minimum value at the halfway point of the stroke, after which it increased up to the initial value. On the other hand, the pressure in function P2 constantly increased from the initial minimum value until the maximum value, while in function P4 the pressure increased until reaching the maximum value at the halfway point of the stroke, after which it decreased to the minimum value. This enabled the determination of the influence of tribological factors on the process parameters of intensity of traction (deformation force) and coefficient of friction. The pressure functions starting with decreasing trends produced higher values for the traction forces and the friction coefficient. In addition, it was established that the roughness of the contact surfaces of the tool, especially those with titanium nitride coating, has a significant influence on the process parameters. For surfaces of lower roughness (polished), a tendency of the Al thin sheet to form a glued-on layer was noticed. This was especially prominent for lubrication with MoS2-based grease under conditions of high contact pressure (functions P1 and P4 at the beginning of the contact).
Effective Properties of Homogenised Nonlinear Viscoelastic Composites
Authors: Roque-Piedra Alejandro , Rodríguez-Ramos Reinaldo , Penta Raimondo , Ramírez-Torres Ariel
Published: May 2023

We develop a general approach for the computation of the effective properties of nonlinear viscoelastic composites. For this purpose, we employ the asymptotic homogenisation technique to decouple the equilibrium equation into a set of local problems. The theoretical framework is then specialised to the case of a strain energy density of the Saint-Venant type, with the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor also featuring a memory contribution. Within this setting, we frame our mathematical model in the case of infinitesimal displacements and employ the correspondence principle which results from the use of the Laplace transform. In doing this, we obtain the classical cell problems in asymptotic homogenisation theory for linear viscoelastic composites and look for analytical solutions of the associated anti-plane cell problems for fibre-reinforced composites. Finally, we compute the effective coefficients by specifying different types of constitutive laws for the memory terms and compare our results with available data in the scientific literature.
Recent Advances in Metal Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Hong , Ren Yaojia , Tian Yingtao , Caballero Alberto Orozco
Published: May 2023

Over the past two decades, laser additive manufacturing technology has evolved rapidly and has been applied in many industrial sectors [...]
Chloride Transport and Related Influencing Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review
Authors: Wan Xiaomei , Cui Yunzheng , Jin Zuquan , Gao Liyan
Published: May 2023

Chloride transport is a vital issue in the research on the durability of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Nevertheless, due to its miscellaneous types, complex mix proportions, and limitations in testing methods, the reports of different studies are numerous and vary greatly. Therefore, in order to promote the application and development of AAMs in chloride environments, this work systematically reviews the chloride transport behavior and mechanism, solidification of chloride, influencing factors, and test method of chloride transport of AAMs, along with conclusions regarding instructive insights to the chloride transport problem of AAMs in future work.
Real-Time Detection of Unrecognized Objects in Logistics Warehouses Using Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Carata Serban Vasile , Ghenescu Marian , Mihaescu Roxana
Published: May 2023

Pallet detection and tracking using computer vision is challenging due to the complexity of the object and its contents, lighting conditions, background clutter, and occlusions in industrial areas. Using semantic segmentation, this paper aims to detect pallets in a logistics warehouse. The proposed method examines changes in image segmentation from one frame to the next using semantic segmentation, taking into account the position and stationary behavior of newly introduced objects in the scene. The results indicate that the proposed method can detect pallets despite the complexity of the object and its contents. This demonstrates the utility of semantic segmentation for detecting unrecognized objects in real-world scenarios where a precise definition of the class cannot be given.
Dynamics and Bifurcations of a Discrete-Time Moran-Ricker Model with a Time Delay
Authors: Li Bo , Yuan Zimeng , Eskandari Zohreh
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the dynamics of limited homogeneous populations based on the Moran-Ricker model with time delay. The delay in density dependence caused the preceding generation to consume fewer resources, leading to a decrease in the required resources. Multimodality is evident in the model. Some insect species can be described by the Moran–Ricker model with a time delay. Bifurcations associated with flipping, doubling, and Neimark–Sacker for codimension-one (codim-1) model can be analyzed using bifurcation theory and the normal form method. We also investigate codimension-two (codim-2) bifurcations corresponding to 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 resonances. In addition to demonstrating the accuracy of theoretical results, numerical simulations are obtained using bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits.
Fuzzy Random Option Pricing in Continuous Time: A Systematic Review and an Extension of Vasicek’s Equilibrium Model of the Term Structure
Authors: Andrés-Sánchez Jorge de
Published: May 2023

Fuzzy random option pricing in continuous time (FROPCT) has emerged as an active research field over the past two decades; thus, there is a need for a comprehensive review that provides a broad perspective on the literature and identifies research gaps. In this regard, we conducted a structure review of the literature by using the WoS and SCOPUS databases while following the PRISMA criteria. With this review, we outline the primary research streams, publication outlets, and notable authors in this domain. Furthermore, the literature review revealed a lack of advancements for the equilibrium models of the yield curve. This finding serves as a primary motivation for the second contribution of this paper, which involves an extension of Vasicek’s yield curve equilibrium model. Specifically, we introduce the existence of fuzzy uncertainty in the parameters governing interest rate movements, including the speed of reversion, equilibrium short-term interest rate, and volatility. By incorporating fuzzy uncertainty, we enhance the model’s ability to capture the complexities of real-world interest rate dynamics. Moreover, this paper presents an empirical application of the proposed extension to the term structure of fixed-income public bonds in European Union. The empirical analysis suggests the suitability of the proposed extension of Vasicek’s model for practical applications.
Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin Potentiate Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Amlodipine through Vasorelaxant Phenomenon
Authors: Ali Niaz , Ali Wajid , Ullah Abid , Ahmad Shujaat , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Almehmadi Mazen , Abdulaziz Osama , Allahyani Mamdouh , Aljuaid Abdulelah
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: We have recently reported that stains have calcium channel blocking activity in isolated jejunal preparations. In this study, we examined the effects of atorvastatin and fluvastatin on blood vessels for a possible vasorelaxant effect. We also studied the possible additional vasorelaxant effect of atorvastatin and fluvastatin, in the presence of amlodipine, to quantify its effects on the systolic blood pressure of experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Atorvastatin and fluvastatin were tested in isolated rabbits’ aortic strip preparations using 80mM Potassium Chloride (KCl) induced contractions and 1 micro molar Norepinephrine (NE) induced contractions. A positive relaxing effect on 80 mM KCl induced contractions were further confirmed in the absence and presence of atorvastatin and fluvastatin by constructing calcium concentration response curves (CCRCs) while using verapamil as a standard calcium channel blocker. In another series of experiments, hypertension was induced in Wistar rats and different test concentrations of atorvastatin and fluvastatin were administered in their respective EC50 values to the test animals. A fall in their systolic blood pressure was noted using amlodipine as a standard vasorelaxant drug. Results: The results show that fluvastatin is more potent than amlodipine as it relaxed NE induced contractions where the amplitude reached 10% of its control in denuded aortae. Atorvastatin relaxed KCL induced contractions with an amplitude reaching 34.4% of control response as compared to the amlodipine response, i.e., 39.1%. A right shift in the EC50 (Log Ca++ M) of Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) implies that statins have calcium channel blocking activity. A right shift in the EC50 of fluvastatin with relatively less EC50 value (−2.8 Log Ca++ M) in the presence of test concentration (1.2 × 10−7 M) of fluvastatin implies that fluvastatin is more potent than atorvastatin. The shift in EC50 resembles the shift of Verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker (−1.41 Log Ca++ M). Conclusions: Atorvastatin and fluvastatin relax the aortic strip preparations predominantly through the inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels in high molar KCL induced contractions. These statins also inhibit the effects of NE induced contractions. The study also confirms that atorvastatin and fluvastatin potentiate blood pressure lowering effects in hypertensive rats.
Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Properties and Fracture of SiCp/6061Al Composite Materials Based on Microstructure
Authors: Wang Hengye , Ji Guoliang , Xue Yongheng , Liu Yandong
Published: May 2023

SiCp/6061Al composites with volume fractions of 5%, 10%, and 15% were prepared by the vacuum hot pressing sintering. Their microstructure and fracture morphology were observed and analyzed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The elastic–plastic behavior of the 6061Al matrix in the composites was studied by using the load–displacement curve obtained by the nanoindentation test, and the plastic constitutive equation was established. The representative volume element (RVE) model was established based on the geometric characteristics of the SiC particles identified by using image processing technology from the metallographic structure. The deformation and fracture process of the SiCp/6061Al composites under the uniaxial tensile load was simulated microscopically, and the microscopic deformation and fracture characteristics and mechanical properties of SiCp/6061Al composites under different interface strengths and different SiCp volume fractions were revealed.
The Influence of a Corrosive Environment on Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cast Alloy with Higher Fe Content
Authors: Kuchariková Lenka , Pastierovičová Lucia , Tillová Eva , Uhríčik Milan , Zatkalíková Viera , Šajgalík Michal
Published: May 2023

Al has very good corrosion resistance and corrosion properties. The corrosion resistance of Al-cast alloys is different because these alloys contain a lot of elements, especially in secondary alloys, which contain more impurity elements, of which Fe is the most common. This study deals with secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys, which contain more Fe and are affected by a chloride corrosive environment. This environment was selected based on the application of castings in the automotive industry. The main object was to research the effect of such an environment on basic mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The results show that a higher Fe content does not lead to a significant reduction in the properties of the casting, and the chloride environment is not so harmful. Therefore, it can be stated that the investigated secondary sand-cast experimental materials can replace primary alloys without losing the required corrosion and mechanical properties.
Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur Compounds on Kidney Health and Disease
Authors: Chen Chih-Jen , Cheng Ming-Chou , Hsu Chien-Ning , Tain You-Lin
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a decisive role in kidney health and disease. H2S can ben synthesized via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, as well as gut microbial origins. Kidney disease can originate in early life induced by various maternal insults throughout the process, namely renal programming. Sulfur-containing amino acids and sulfate are essential in normal pregnancy and fetal development. Dysregulated H2S signaling behind renal programming is linked to deficient nitric oxide, oxidative stress, the aberrant renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In animal models of renal programming, treatment with sulfur-containing amino acids, N-acetylcysteine, H2S donors, and organosulfur compounds during gestation and lactation could improve offspring’s renal outcomes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding sulfide/sulfate implicated in pregnancy and kidney development, current evidence supporting the interactions between H2S signaling and underlying mechanisms of renal programming, and recent advances in the beneficial actions of sulfide-related interventions on the prevention of kidney disease. Modifying H2S signaling is the novel therapeutic and preventive approach to reduce the global burden of kidney disease; however, more work is required to translate this into clinical practice.
A Cotton Fabric Composite with Light Mineral Oil and Magnetite Nanoparticles: Effects of a Magnetic Field and Uniform Compressions on Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Iacobescu Gabriela-Eugenia , Bunoiu Madalin , Bica Ioan , Sfirloaga Paula , Chirigiu Larisa-Marina-Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

Over the past few decades, tactile sensors have become an emerging field of research with direct applications in the area of biomedical engineering. New types of tactile sensors, called magneto-tactile sensors, have recently been developed. The aim of our work was to create a low-cost composite whose electrical conductivity depends on mechanical compressions that can be finely tuned using a magnetic field for magneto-tactile sensor fabrication. For this purpose, 100% cotton fabric was impregnated with a magnetic liquid (EFH-1 type) based on light mineral oil and magnetite particles. The new composite was used to manufacture an electrical device. With the experimental installation described in this study, we measured the electrical resistance of an electrical device placed in a magnetic field in the absence or presence of uniform compressions. The effect of uniform compressions and the magnetic field was the induction of mechanical–magneto–elastic deformations and, as a result, variations in electrical conductivity. In a magnetic field with a flux density of 390 mT, in the absence of mechanical compression forces, a magnetic pressure of 5.36 kPa was generated, and the electrical conductivity increased by 400% compared to that of the composite in the absence of a magnetic field. Upon increasing the compression force to 9 N, in the absence of a magnetic field, the electrical conductivity increased by about 300% compared to that of the device in the absence of compression forces and a magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic flux density of 390 mT, and when the compression force increased from 3 N to 9 N, the electrical conductivity increased by 2800%. These results suggest the new composite is a promising material for magneto-tactile sensors.
Toward the Real-Time and Rapid Quantification of Bacterial Cells Utilizing a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor
Authors: Alshammari Abeer , Abdulmawla Sabaa T. , Alsaigh Reem , Alarjani Khaloud Mohammed , Aldosari Norah Salim , Muthuramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran , Assaifan Abdulaziz K. , Albrithen Hamad , Alzahrani Khalid E. , Alodhayb Abdullah N.
Published: May 2023

The quantitative evaluation of bacterial populations is required in many studies, particularly in the field of microbiology. The current techniques can be time-consuming and require a large volume of samples and trained laboratory personnel. In this regard, on-site, easy-to-use, and direct detection techniques are desirable. In this study, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was investigated for the real-time detection of E. coli in different media, as well as the ability to determine the bacterial state and correlate the QTF parameters to the bacterial concentration. QTFs that are commercially available can also be used as sensitive sensors of viscosity and density by determining the QTFs’ damping and resonance frequency. As a result, the influence of viscous biofilm adhered to its surface should be detectable. First, the response of a QTF to different media without E. coli was investigated, and Luria–Bertani broth (LB) growth medium caused the largest change in frequency. Then, the QTF was tested against different concentrations of E. coli (i.e., 102–105 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)). As the E. coli concentration increased, the frequency decreased from 32.836 to 32.242 kHz. Similarly, the quality factor decreased with the increasing E. coli concentration. With a coefficient (R) of 0.955, a linear correlation between the QTF parameters and bacterial concentration was established with a 26 CFU/mL detection limit. Furthermore, a considerable change in frequency was observed against live and dead cells in different media. These observations demonstrate the ability of QTFs to distinguish between different bacterial states. QTFs allow real-time, rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive microbial enumeration testing that requires only a small volume of liquid sample.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Optical Switch Based on Guided-Mode Resonances in Photonic Crystals
Authors: Rehman Atiq Ur , Khan Yousuf , Irfan Muhammad , Choudri Shahzaib , Khonina Svetlana N. , Kazanskiy Nikolay L. , Butt Muhammad A.
Published: May 2023

Optical switching is an essential part of photonic integrated circuits and the focus of research at the moment. In this research, an optical switch design working on the phenomenon of guided-mode resonances in a 3D photonic-crystal-based structure is reported. The optical-switching mechanism is studied in a dielectric slab-waveguide-based structure operating in the near-infrared range in a telecom window of 1.55 µm. The mechanism is investigated via the interference of two signals, i.e., the data signal and the control signal. The data signal is coupled into the optical structure and filtered utilizing guided-mode resonance, whereas the control signal is index-guided in the optical structure. The amplification or de-amplification of the data signal is controlled by tuning the spectral properties of the optical sources and structural parameters of the device. The parameters are optimized first using a single-cell model with periodic boundary conditions and later in a finite 3D-FDTD model of the device. The numerical design is computed in an open-source Finite Difference Time Domain simulation platform. Optical amplification in the range of 13.75% is achieved in the data signal with a decrease in the linewidth up to 0.0079 µm, achieving a quality factor of 114.58. The proposed device presents great potential in the field of photonic integrated circuits, biomedical technology, and programmable photonics.
Harnessing the Capabilities of Microorganisms for the Valorisation of Coal Fly Ash Waste through Biometallurgy
Authors: Kanesalingam Brinthan , Fernando W. , Panda Sandeep , Jayawardena Chulantha , Attygalle Dinesh , Amarasinghe D.
Published: May 2023

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a highly versatile raw material that has the potential to yield multiple value-added products, including cenospheres, zeolites, carbon nanotubes, and fertiliser substrates. Despite its versatility, a majority of these components are often overlooked, and CFA is primarily used for construction. Conventional processing methods of CFA are known to pose significant environmental challenges, including the leaching of hazardous materials, emission of toxic gases, and the high energy consumption needed to extract the value-added components. Herein, we explore the potential of biometallurgical approaches as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional processing methods for the comprehensive utilisation of CFA. Our focus is on the application of different microorganisms to CFA, the domestication of microorganisms, preprocessing of CFA to facilitate effective biometallurgical processes, the use of bioreactors, and synthesis of nano silica particles. We also propose a novel method for extracting the value-added components from CFA using a preprocessing technique (i.e., washing cycle), combined with multiple interactions with biometallurgical processes. Adopting this approach, we not only enhance environmental stewardship but also improve the circular economic aspects of multi-component utilisation, while providing valuable insights for the development of sustainable techniques for utilising CFA.
Characterization and Behaviour of Silica Engineered Nanocontainers in Low and High Ionic Strength Media
Authors: Ferreira Violeta , Figueiredo Joana , Martins Roberto , Sushkova Alesia , Maia Frederico , Calado Ricardo , Tedim João , Loureiro Susana
Published: May 2023

Mesoporous silica engineered nanomaterials are of interest to the industry due to their drug-carrier ability. Advances in coating technology include using mesoporous silica nanocontainers (SiNC) loaded with organic molecules as additives in protective coatings. The SiNC loaded with the biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), i.e., SiNC-DCOIT, is proposed as an additive for antifouling marine paints. As the instability of nanomaterials in ionic-rich media has been reported and related to shifting key properties and its environmental fate, this study aims at understanding the behaviour of SiNC and SiNC-DCOIT in aqueous media with distinct ionic strengths. Both nanomaterials were dispersed in (i) low- (ultrapure water—UP) and (ii) high- ionic strength media—artificial seawater (ASW) and f/2 medium enriched in ASW (f/2 medium). The morphology, size and zeta potential (ζP) of both engineering nanomaterials were evaluated at different timepoints and concentrations. Results showed that both nanomaterials were unstable in aqueous suspensions, with the initial ζP values in UP below −30 mV and the particle size varying from 148 to 235 nm and 153 to 173 nm for SiNC and SiNC-DCOIT, respectively. In UP, aggregation occurs over time, regardless of the concentration. Additionally, the formation of larger complexes was associated with modifications in the ζP values towards the threshold of stable nanoparticles. In ASW, SiNC and SiNC-DCOIT formed aggregates (<300 nm) independently of the time or concentration, while larger and heterogeneous nanostructures (>300 nm) were detected in the f/2 medium. The pattern of aggregation detected may increase engineering nanomaterial sedimentation rates and enhance the risks towards dwelling organisms.
Investigating the Role of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Ovarian Aging and the Potential for Nutritional Intervention
Authors: Lin Pei-Hsuan , Su Wan-Ping , Li Chia-Jung , Lin Li-Te , Sheu Jim , Wen Zhi-Hong , Cheng Jiin-Tsuey , Tsui Kuan-Hao
Published: May 2023

With advancing age, women experience irreversible deterioration in the quality of their oocytes, resulting in reduced fertility. To gain a deeper understanding of the influence of ferroptosis-related genes on ovarian aging, we employed a comprehensive approach encompassing spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, human ovarian pathology, and clinical biopsy. This investigation revealed the intricate interactions between ferroptosis and cellular energy metabolism in aging germ cells, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Our study involved 75 patients with ovarian senescence insufficiency, and we utilized multi-histological predictions of ferroptosis-related genes. Following a two-month supplementation period with DHEA, Ubiquinol CoQ10, and Cleo-20 T3, we examined the changes in hub genes. Our results showed that TFRC, NCOA4, and SLC3A2 were significantly reduced and GPX4 was increased in the supplement group, confirming our prediction based on multi-omic analysis. Our hypothesis is that supplementation would enhance the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or electron transport chain (ETC), resulting in increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, reduced lipid peroxide accumulation, and reduced ferroptosis. Overall, our results suggest that supplementation interventions have a notable positive impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in aging cells by improving metal ion and energy metabolism, thereby enhancing oocyte quality in older women.
Sleep Patterns, Eating Behavior and the Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Gomes Sofia , Ramalhete Cátia , Ferreira Isabel , Bicho Manuel , Valente Ana
Published: May 2023

Sleep is extremely important for the homeostasis of the organism. In recent years, various studies have been carried out to address factors related to sleep patterns and their influence on food choices, as well as on the onset of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a scientific literature review on the possible role of sleep patterns on eating behavior and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. A search was performed on Medline (PubMed interface) using several keywords (e.g., “Factors Influencing Sleep” OR “Sleep and Chronic Diseases”). Articles published between 2000 and the present date that relate sleep to cyclic metabolic processes and changes in eating behavior were selected. Changes in sleep patterns are increasingly detected today, and these modifications are mainly caused by work and lifestyle conditions as well as a growing dependence on electronic devices. Sleep deprivation and the resultant short sleep duration lead to an increased appetite via an increase in the hunger hormone (ghrelin) and a decrease in the satiety hormone (leptin). Nowadays, sleep is undervalued, and thus often impaired, with consequences for the performance of various body systems. Sleep deprivation alters physiological homeostasis and influences eating behavior as well as the onset of chronic diseases.
Dietary Intake of Pregnant Women with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States
Authors: Olendzki Barbara C. , Hsiao Bi-Sek , Weinstein Kaitlyn , Chen Rosemary , Frisard Christine , Madziar Camilla , Picker Mellissa , Pauplis Connor , Maldonado-Contreras Ana , Peter Inga
Published: May 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a vulnerable time where the lives of mother and baby are affected by diet, especially high-risk pregnancies in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Limited research has examined diet during pregnancy with IBD. Aims: Describe and compare the diet quality of pregnant women with and without IBD, and examine associations between dietary intake and guidelines during pregnancy. Methods: Three 24 h recalls were utilized to assess the diets of pregnant women with IBD (n = 88) and without IBD (n = 82) during 27–29 weeks of gestation. A customized frequency questionnaire was also administered to measure pre- and probiotic foods. Results: Zinc intake (p = 0.02), animal protein (g) (p = 0.03), and ounce equivalents of whole grains (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the healthy control (HC) group than the IBD group. Nutrients of concern with no significant differences between groups included iron (3% IBD and 2% HC met the goals), saturated fat (only 1% of both groups met the goals), choline (23% IBD and 21% HC met the goals), magnesium (38% IBD and 35% HC met the goals), calcium (48% IBD and 60% HC met the goals), and water intake (49% IBD and 48% HC met the goals). Conclusions: Most pregnant women in this cohort fell short of the dietary nutrients recommended in pregnancy, especially concerning for women with IBD.
To Eat or Not to Eat—A Qualitative Exploration and Typology of Restrictive Dietary Practices among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Bandelin-Franke Lena , Schenk Liane , Baer Nadja-Raphaela
Published: May 2023

Favorable diets often include restrictive practices that have proven health benefits, even if initiated later in life. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Restrictive Dietary Practices (RDPs) among a sample of middle-aged and older German adults (aged 59–78 years). We conducted 24 narrative in-depth interviews and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz). Following an inductive thematic approach, a typology was reconstructed comprising four typical RDP characteristics: I. The Holistically Restraining Type, II. The Dissonant-savoring Restraining Type, III. The Reactively Restraining Type, and IV. The Unintentionally Restraining Type. These types differed regarding the practical implementation of, e.g., restrictive food choice into everyday routines, barriers to do so, as well as with respect to attitudes and motives underlying RDPs. The major motives for adopting a RDP involved health, well-being, ethical, and ecological concerns. The most prominent barriers to a ‘successful’ adoption of RDPs were the enjoyment of food and the desire for spontaneity and freedom of (food) choice. Our study offers an in-depth understanding of the aspects that shape the widespread practice of dietary restriction among middle-aged and older adults. Lifeworld-related changes in RDPs and possible ‘type shiftings’ are discussed as well as the meaning and chances of RDPs for public health promotion.
Hypomagnesemia Is Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, but Not Insomnia, in Older Adults
Authors: Tunc Muhammed , Soysal Pinar , Pasin Ozge , Smith Lee , Rahmati Masoud , Yigitalp Veliye , Sahin Sevnaz , Dramé Moustapha
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between serum magnesium levels with insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in older adults. A total of 938 older outpatients were included in the study. Hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium concentration below <1.6 mg/dL. Patients were divided into two groups: hypomagnesemia and normomagnesia (1.6–2.6 mg/dL). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was implemented and scores of ≥11 points were categorized as EDS. The Insomnia Severity Index was implemented and scores of ≥8 indicated insomnia. The mean age was 81.1 ± 7.6 years. While the presence of EDS, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease were more common in the hypomagnesemia group than the normomagnesia group, Parkinson’s disease was less common (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin and HDL cholesterol were lower, whereas HbA1c, triglyceride, and number of drugs used were higher in the hypomagnesemia group compared to the normomagnesia group (p < 0.05). In both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis adjusted for gender, age and all confounders, there were significant associations between hypomagnesemia and EDS [odds ratio (OR):1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.6, and OR: 1.9; 95%CI: 1.2–3.3, respectively (p < 0.05)]. There was no significant relationship between hypomagnesemia and insomnia (p > 0.05). The present study identified an association between hypomagnesemia and EDS in older adults. Therefore, it may be prudent to consider hypomagnesemia when evaluating older adults with EDS and vice versa.
Development of a Structural Equation Model to Examine the Relationships between Genetic Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Chalwe Joseph Musonda , Grobler Christa , Oldewage-Theron Wilna
Published: May 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been used to discover genetic polymorphisms that affect cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been identified as a robust multivariate analysis tool. However, there is a paucity of research that has conducted SEM in African populations. The purpose of this study was to create a model that may be used to examine the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and their respective cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors. The procedure involved three steps. Firstly, the creation of latent variables and the hypothesis model. Next, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the relationships between the latent variables, SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, with their respective indicators. Then finally, model fitting using JASP statistical software v.0.16.4.0. The indicators for the SNPs and dyslipidemia all indicated significant factor loadings, −0.96 to 0.91 (p = <0.001) and 0.92 to 0.96 (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The indicators for metabolic syndrome also had significant coefficients of 0.20 (p = 0.673), 0.36 (p = 0.645) and 0.15 (p = 0.576), but they were not statistically significant. There were no significant relationships observed between the SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The SEM produced an acceptable model according to the fit indices.
Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages Impair Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin in Prediabetic Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Singh Arashdeep , Rourk Katelyn , Bernier Angelina , de Lartigue Guillaume
Published: May 2023

Metformin, a frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases, results in variable outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether sweetened beverages (caloric or non-caloric) affect the therapeutic benefits of metformin on glucose, food intake, and weight loss in diet-induced obesity. Mice were given a high-fat diet and sweetened water for 8 weeks to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. Then, mice were randomized to receive metformin in either water, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or the non-nutritive sweetener saccharin for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of metformin treatment, all groups had improved glucose tolerance compared to pretreatment. However, saccharin resulted in worse glucose tolerance and weight gain outcomes than the water or HFCS groups and correlated with lower plasma growth differentiation factor 15 levels. In conclusion, reducing non-nutritive sweetener consumption during metformin therapy is recommended to avoid impairing the therapeutic effects of metformin on body weight and glucose homeostasis.
Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Fermented Coix Seed Polysaccharides on Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Dan , Yan Meng , Xu Hualei , Liang Haiyan , Zhang Jiachan , Li Meng , Wang Changtao
Published: May 2023

Aging is closely related to many diseases and is a long-term challenge that humans face. The oxidative damage caused by the imbalance of free radicals is an important factor in aging. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant and antiaging activities of fermented coix seed polysaccharides (FCSPs) via in vitro and in vivo experiments. The FCSPs were extracted by fermenting coix seed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48 h and utilizing water-extracted coix seed polysaccharides (WCSPs) as a control. Their antiaging activity and mechanism were evaluated based on the antiaging model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The results showed that the molecular weight of the FCSPs extracted by fermentation was smaller than that of the WCSPs, making them more easily absorbed and utilized. At a concentration of 5 g/L, the FCSPs’ capacity to scavenge the DPPH·, ABTS+·, OH·, and O2−· radicals was greater than the WCSPs’ capacity by 10.09%, 14.40%, 49.93%, and 12.86%, respectively. Moreover, C. elegans treated with FCSPs exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a lower accumulation of malonaldehyde. By inhibiting the expression of the pro-aging genes daf-2 and age-1, and upregulating the expression of the antiaging genes daf-16, sod-3, skn-1, and gcs-1 in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IIS) signaling pathway, the FCSPs could effectively enhance stress tolerance and delay C. elegans aging. The lifespan of C. elegans in the FCSPs group was 5.91% higher than that of the WCSPs group. In conclusion, FCSPs exert better antioxidant and antiaging effects than WCSPs, which can act as a potential functional ingredient or supplement in food.
Facile Photochemical/Thermal Assisted Hydration of Alkynes Catalysed under Aqueous Media by a Chalcogen Stabilized, Robust, Economical, and Reusable Fe3Se2(CO)9 Cluster
Authors: Ali Munsaf , Srivastava Avinash K. , Upadhyay Nitinkumar Satyadev , Satrawala Naveen , Joshi Raj K.
Published: May 2023

In this report, the catalytic potential of chalcogen-stabilized iron carbonyl clusters [Fe3E2(CO)9 (E = S, Se, Te)] for the photolytic hydration of alkynes has been explored. The iron chalcogenide clusters bring excellent transformations of terminal and internal alkynes to their respective keto products in just 25 min photolysis at −5 °C in inert free and aqueous conditions. After the completion of the reaction, the product can be extracted from organic solvent, and due to the lower solubility of the catalyst in water, it can also be isolated and further reused several times prior to any activation. The catalyst was also found to be active in thermal conditions and bring about the desired transformations with average to good catalytic efficiency. Moreover, during the thermal reaction, the catalyst decomposed and formed the nanoparticles of iron selenides, which worked as a single-source precursor for FeSe nanomaterials. The presented photolysis methodology was found to be most feasible, economical, instantly produce the desired product, and work for a wide range of internal and terminal alkynes; hence, all these features made this method superior to the other reported ones. This report also serves as the first catalytic report of chalcogen-stabilized iron carbonyl clusters for alkyne hydrations.
Operating Characteristic Curves of Optical Packet-Switching Using Optical Code-Division Multiplexing for Label Switching
Authors: Chen Kai-Sheng , Pan Chung-Lien
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the operating characteristic curves (OCCs) of optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) technology for label switching of an optical packet-switching (OPS) network was evaluated. A node structure for processing the packets, with spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) labels, considering a balanced detector and an optical switch, was developed and modeled. The effects of decoding noises on the performance of both M-sequence and stuffed quadratic congruence (SQC) labeling systems were addressed. Hypothesis testing was applied to the decoder to investigate the results of label recognition. The null and alternative hypotheses were, respectively, defined as a decoder receiving the matching and mismatching labels. Due to the noise effects, the decoder output may not reflect the label status correctly. Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true while accepting the alternative one. Type II error occurs when the alternative hypothesis is true while accepting the null one. Analytic equations of both errors were given, considering a desired packet that was missed and an undesired packet shown in a switched path. The trade-off between these two errors, regarding the decoder threshold, was demonstrated in operating characteristic curves (OCCs). A better OCC could be found when a packet had more labeled payload bits, or when the utilized label code had a lower auto-to-cross-correlation ratio.
A PHLID Model for Tomato Bacterial Canker Predicting on Epidemics of the Pathogen
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira , Kitabayashi Shoya , Inoue Koji , Tanina Koji
Published: May 2023

A pathogen, healthy, latently infected, infectious, and diseased plant (PHLID) model for botanical epidemics was defined for tomato bacterial canker (TBC) caused by the pathogenic plant bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). First, the incubation period had to be defined to develop this type of model. To estimate the parameter of incubation period, inoculation experiments were conducted in which it was assumed that infection is transferred to healthy plants by cutting with contaminated scissors after cutting infected plants with early symptoms or symptomless. The concentration of Cmm was increased over 1 × 106 cells/g plant tissue at 20 cm away from the inoculated point on the stem 10 days after inoculation, and then the approximate incubation period of TBC in symptomless infected plants was defined as 10 days. The developed PHLID model showed the dynamics of diseased plants incidence and fitted the curve of the proportion of diseased plants observed in fields well. This model also contains the factors of pathogen and disease control, and it was able to simulate the control effects and combined two different control methods, which were the soil and scissors disinfections to prevent primary and secondary transmissions, respectively. Thus, this PHLID model for TBC can be used to simulate not only the increasing number of diseased plants but also suppressing disease increase.
Correction: Bustamante et al. Impact of Potassium Pre-Harvest Applications on Fruit Quality and Condition of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivated under Plastic Covers in Southern Chile Orchards. Plants 2021, 10, 2778
Authors: Bustamante Marco , Muñoz Ariel , Romero Iverly , Osorio Pamela , Mánquez Sergio , Arriola Rocío , Reyes-Díaz Marjorie , Ribera-Fonseca Alejandra
Published: May 2023

In the original publication [...]
Development of a Novel Surfactant-Based Viscoelastic Fluid System as an Alternative Nonpolymeric Fracturing Fluid and Comparative Analysis with Traditional Guar Gum Gel Fluid
Authors: Patel Mahesh Chandra , Ayoub Mohammed Abdalla , Idress Mazlin Bt , Sircar Anirbid
Published: May 2023

Surfactant-based viscoelastic (SBVE) fluids have recently gained interest from many oil industry researchers due to their polymer-like viscoelastic behaviour and ability to mitigate problems of polymeric fluids by replacing them during various operations. This study investigates an alternative SBVE fluid system for hydraulic fracturing with comparable rheological characteristics to conventional polymeric guar gum fluid. In this study, low and high surfactant concentration SBVE fluid and nanofluid systems were synthesized, optimized, and compared. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and counterion inorganic sodium nitrate salt, with and without 1 wt% ZnO nano-dispersion additives, were used; these are entangled wormlike micellar solutions of cationic surfactant. The fluids were divided into the categories of type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4, and were optimized by comparing the rheological characteristics of different concentration fluids in each category at 25 °C. The authors have reported recently that ZnO NPs can improve the rheological characteristics of fluids with a low surfactant concentration of 0.1 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by proposing fluids and nanofluids of type 1 and type 2. In addition, conventional polymeric guar gum gel fluid is prepared in this study and analyzed for its rheological characteristics. The rheology of all SBVE fluids and the guar gum fluid was analyzed using a rotational rheometer at varying shear rate conditions from 0.1 to 500 s−1 under 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 55 °C, 65 °C, and 75 °C temperature conditions. The comparative analysis section compares the rheology of the optimal SBVE fluids and nanofluids in each category to the rheology of polymeric guar gum fluid for the entire range of shear rates and temperature conditions. The type 3 optimum fluid with high surfactant concentration of 0.2 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 1.2 M sodium nitrate was the best of all the optimum fluids and nanofluids. This fluid shows comparative rheology to guar gum fluid even at elevated shear rate and temperature conditions. The comparison of average viscosity values under a different group of shear rate conditions suggests that the overall optimum SBVE fluid prepared in this study is a potential nonpolymeric viscoelastic fluid candidate for hydraulic fracturing operation that could replace polymeric guar gum fluids.
Piezoelectric Biocomposites for Bone Grafting in Dentistry
Authors: Dumitrescu Cristina Rodica , Neacsu Ionela Andreea , Trusca Roxana , Popescu Roxana Cristina , Raut Iuliana , Constantin Mariana , Andronescu Ecaterina
Published: May 2023

In this research, Hydroxyapatite—Potassium, Sodium Niobate—Chitosan (HA-KNN-CSL) biocomposites were synthesized, both as hydrogel and ultra-porous scaffolds, to offer two commonly used alternatives to biomaterials in dental clinical practice. The biocomposites were obtained by varying the content of low deacetylated chitosan as matrix phase, mesoporous hydroxyapatite nano-powder, and potassium–sodium niobate (K0.47Na0.53NbO3) sub-micron-sized powder. The resulting materials were characterized from physical, morpho-structural, and in vitro biological points of view. The porous scaffolds were obtained by freeze-drying the composite hydrogels and had a specific surface area of 18.4—24 m2/g and a strong ability to retain fluid. Chitosan degradation was studied for 7 and 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid without enzymatic presence. All synthesized compositions proved to be biocompatible in contact with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and showed antibacterial effects. The best antibacterial effect was shown by the 10HA-90KNN-CSL hydrogel composition against Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal strain Candida albicans, while a weaker effect was observed for the dry scaffold.
Fused Filament Fabricated Poly(lactic acid) Parts Reinforced with Short Carbon Fiber and Graphene Nanoparticles with Improved Tribological Properties
Authors: Al Abir Anzum , Chakrabarti Dipto , Trindade Bruno
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of 3D-printed Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites reinforced with different concentrations of carbon fibers (SCF) and graphene nanoparticles (GNP) (0.5 to 5 wt.% of each filler). The samples were produced using FFF (fused filament fabrication) 3D printing. The results showed a good dispersion of the fillers in the composites. SCF and GNP promoted the crystallization of the PLA filaments. The hardness, elastic modulus, and specific wear resistance grew with the increase in the filler concentration. A hardness improvement of about 30% was observed for the composite with 5 wt.% of SCF + 5 wt.% GNP (PSG-5) compared to PLA. The same trend was observed for the elastic modulus with an increase of 220%. All the composites presented lower coefficients of friction (0.49 to 0.6) than PLA (0.71). The composite PSG-5 sample showed the lowest value of specific wear rate (4.04 × 10−4 mm3/N.m), corresponding to about a five times reduction compared to PLA. Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of GNP and SCF to PLA made it possible to obtain composites with better mechanical and tribological behavior.