bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor without androgenic manifestation: an unusual finding
Authors: Theresia Emilia , Irsan Bob , Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Fahmi Moh Nailul , Pradjatmo Heru , Irianiwati .
Published: May 2022

Steroid cell tumor is a rarest ovarian neoplasm, classified as a pure stromal tumor and mostly is unilateral. Even though this tumor can exhibit malignant behavior but the morphology of cells showed benign characteristics which can become a diagnosis pitfall especially in the frozen section. Moreover patient without any hormonal imbalance or virilizing signs could make the diagnosis process more difficult. Here we reported a case bilateral steroid cell tumor of the ovary in a 42 y.o. unmarried woman without any virilization or hirsutism symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a right ovarian solid tumor accompanied by ascites and right pleural effusion. There was significantly increased of Ca 125 level (1138 U/mL) and normal level of testosterone (0.10 ng/mL). Frozen section was done from the right ovarium mass and ascites fluid, the result was benign. From the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy tissues,  histological picture showed diffuse and nests tumor separated by thin fibrous connective tissue with small round centered nuclei, mild atypia, and abundant pale cytoplasm. Large area of necrosis was found especially in the right ovarian tumor, tumor implant to the right fallopian tube and in the uterine serous layer. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain was negative in more than half tumor cells population. Immunostaining for Melan-A and Calretinin were focally positive, with Ki-67 labeling index ± 5%, and negative for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Based on the tumor size, necrosis area, tumor implantation, and immunohistochemistry profiles, we conclude that were malignant steroid cell tumor. Currently, the patient is undergoing postoperative recovery and planned for platinum-based chemotherapy. A careful correlation between clinical and radiological findings, as well as histopathological results, is always essential, as is amply demonstrated by this particular case.
Pruritus in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its pathophysiology-based treatment
Authors: Wijaya Lorettha , Melanie Audrey , Veronica Veronica , Christy Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Pruritus is a common complaint of diabetic patients with a substantial impact on financial and health status, but the pathophysiology is unclear and treatment with antihistamines has mostly been unsuccessful. To date, we still do not have guidelines to help us treat pruritus in diabetes mellitus, so we felt the need to review the existing literature to explore possible ways to treat these patients. We collected 85 pieces of literature from various sources such as PubMed and Google Scholar, and independently extracted these data to make this review. While the pathophysiology behind pruritus in diabetes mellitus remains largely unknown, some trials have found a few pharmacological treatments to be effective in alleviating itch in these patients.
Follicular lymphoma: the diminishing role of chemotherapy
Authors: Casadei Beatrice , Nanni Laura , Lolli Ginevra , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: May 2022

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 70% of cases in Western countries. Despite this unique name, FL is an extremely heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. The basis of FL heterogeneity lies in the different biological pathways which can be activated, because of the variety of gene mutations that can occur. Today, there is a growing interest in the knowledge of these activated pathways, which is also testified by the presence of a new model that incorporates FL mutations to define patient’s prognosis (m7-FLIPI). These evaluations are also appealing because of the recent possibility of using “targeted therapies”. Targeted therapies are new tools, currently applicable in the setting of relapse/refractory (R/R) disease, where we can find a great variety of “chemo-free” combinations. As in other hematologic malignancies, “cellular therapy” enriches FL drug scenario, including T-cell dependent bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell. Since FL heterogeneity is the basis of the difference in therapeutic efficacy and disease course among patients, the hope for the future is to understand FL biology more deeply, to better comprehend how to obtain more representative samples and pre-treatment prognostic information in order to individualize the treatment strategy as early as frontline therapy
Delivering care with competence on the Covid-19 frontline
Authors: Jindal Meemansa
Published: May 2022

By replacing bedside clinical training with online lectures and simulation-based case scenarios, the Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the healthcare and medical education system of India. The compromise in clinical competency, patient interaction, coping strategies, and lack of resources and preparedness were the major constraints in delivering quality healthcare services during the pandemic. The pandemic taught us key lessons on empathy, preparedness and patience. Here is my experience as a student from the batch of MBBS students who had received their final year training through online lectures and then, as an intern having my first hospital posting amidst the second wave of Covid-19.
Instructional Design of Mathematical Modeling in High School Under the STEAM Concept
Authors: Liu Lecun
Published: May 2022

This paper's focuses on how to design and implement a high school mathematical modeling class under the STEAM concept. STEAM, as an international emerging talent cultivation concept, can cultivate students' interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation ability, and it overcomes the shortcomings of the current mathematics class in China, which is less practical, and uses the knowledge of multiple disciplines to solve practical problems in the form of integrated practical activities. Using the case study method, the author compiled the design ideas and several important aspects of mathematical modeling projects under the STEAM concept, and made three suggestions for the integration of mathematical modeling and STEAM.
Democracy in America: Reflections on the Spirit of American Democratic Education
Authors: Guo Yuqi
Published: May 2022

Democracy in America is the first book to conduct a comprehensive investigation and study of the United States, the author of Tocqueville from the perspective of the French survey and exposition of American democracy, is an important material for the later study of American democracy. This paper analyzes the meaning of "democracy" of The Times, the causes of the emergence of American democracy, the existing problems and the final reflection, and provides some experience and ideas for future research.
AHMET PAŞA’NIN ŞİİRLERİNDE “BAYRAM”
Authors: KEKLİK Murat , TUNÇADAM Özcan
Published: May 2022

İslâm dünyasında dinî bayramlar hem ramazan ayını ibadetle geçiren Müslümanlar için bir şölen hem Hz. İbrahim’in adanmışlığını anmadır. İslami geleneğe dayanan klasik Türk edebiyatı, bayramı sahip olduğu bu özellikleriyle şiirin muhtevasına dâhil eder. Sevgilinin merkezde olduğu bu edebiyatta bayram, taşıdığı dinî özelliklerle birlikte sevgiliye yaklaşma veya onun güzelliğini dile getirme vasıtası olarak da işlenir. Bunun yanı sıra şairler, bayram günlerinde devletin ileri gelenlerine bayramı konu edinen kasideler sunarak caize almayı amaç edinirler. Ahmet Paşa, Fatih döneminin önemli şairlerindendir. Hayattayken sultanü’ş-şuara unvanını alır. 15. yüzyılda Anadolu sahasının Şeyhî’den sonraki en büyük şairi olarak kabul edilir. Yaşadığı yüzyılın en büyük kaside şairlerindendir. O, kasidelerinde ve diğer şiirlerinde bayram (ıyd) imgesine yer verir. Kaside, gazel, kıt’a ve müfretlerinde bayramı işlediği; bir gazelinde ve ıydiyye türünde yazdığı kasidesinde ıyd redifini kullandığı görülür. Bu çalışmada Ahmet Paşa’nın bayramı konu edinen şiir ve beyitleri ele alınmış, bayram etrafında söyledikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
İRAN’DAKİ DİK KENARLI YİVLERLE ÇEVRİLİ KULE-MEZAR YAPILARININ GELİŞİMİ
Authors: ŞAN Sepideh
Published: May 2022

Kule-mezar yapısı, ilk olarak İran topraklarında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapılar mezar olmakla birlikte, anıtsal kule ve yol göstermek için kullanıldıklarından dolayı kule-mezar olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu yapıların ilk örnekleri İran'ın Türklerle olan sınırlarında ortaya çıkmıştır ve yurt adı verilen çadırlardan etkilendikleri düşünülmektedir. Dik kenarlı yivlerle çevrili olan silindirik gövdeli yapılar, İran’daki kule-mezar yapılarında görülen en yaygın plan şemalarından biridir. Bu araştırmada İran’da bulunan ve XI.-XIV. yüzyılları arasında yapılmış olan 9 kule-mezar yapısı incelenmiştir. Araştırmalar sonucunda bu yapıların yükseklik ve çapı arasındaki orantının zamanla azaldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca bu oranın azalması ile beraber gövde üzerindeki yivlerin sayısı artmaktadır. İncelenen kule-mezar yapılarında dikkati çeken başka önemli husus İlhanlı Döneminde (XIII.-XIV.) yapılan bu tip kule-mezarların önceki benzer örneklere göre özellikle iç mekânda daha çok süsleme içerdiğidir.
Disabled Children in Disaster Management
Authors: Narayan Sumit
Published: May 2022

Disabled children on the one hand have a wide range of impairments that translate into functional limitations but at the same time they possess various talents and capacities. These are manifested into the dynamics of society and the environment that they interact with. This article discusses disaster management with disabled children as a focus group. Disaster, disability and its management is discussed in the context of international practices in general and suited to India in particular. The research follows a review of the recommendations of the United States National Commission on Children and Disaster. In addition to this Disaster Medicine as one approach to Disaster Management concerning disabled children has been explored. The research concludes that the understanding of particular issues of Children with disabilities as one stakeholder, their capacity to engage and a shift in mindset and power relations in which they can contribute to disability inclusive disaster management are fundamental to disability-inclusive DRR.
Novel Recurrence Relations for Volumes and Surfaces of N-Balls, Regular N-Simplices, and N-Orthoplices in Real Dimensions
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to examine n-balls, n-simplices and n-orthoplices in real dimensions using novel recurrence relations that removed indefiniteness present in known formulas. They show that in negative, integer dimensions volumes of n-balls are zero if n is even, positive if n = -4k - 1, and negative if n = -4k - 3, for natural k. Volumes and surfaces of n-cubes inscribed in n-balls in negative dimensions are complex, wherein for negative, integer dimensions they are associated with integral powers of the imaginary unit. The relations are continuous for n Î ℝ and show that the constant of π is absent for 0 ≤ n < 2. For n < -1 self-dual n-simplices are undefined in negative, integer dimensions and their volumes and surfaces are imaginary in negative, fractional ones, and divergent with decreasing n. In negative, integer dimensions n-orthoplices reduce to the empty set, and their real volumes and imaginary surfaces are divergent in negative, fractional ones with decreasing n. Out of three regular, convex polytopes present in all natural dimensions, only n-orthoplices, n-cubes (and n-balls) are defined in negative, integer dimensions.
The Effects of Low-Dose Empagliflozin on Cardiac Function and Β-Adrenoceptor Responses in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Yesilyurt Zeynep Elif , Karaomerlioglu Irem , Erdogan Betul Rabia , Ozturk Gaye , Michel Martin C. , Arioglu-Inan Ebru
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus leads to cardiovascular complications including impaired cardiac β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as empagliflozin (EMPA) improve outcomes in heart failure patients and animal models thereof. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of EMPA on in vivo cardiac function (pressure-volume loop analysis) and β-AR-mediated contractile responses (papillary strips) in streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabes in male Sprague Dawley rats (control, EMPA-treated control, diabetic, EMPA-treated diabetic) in a design reflecting late-onset treatment. 13-16 weeks after STZ injection treatment with a low dose of EMPA (10 mg/kg/day, daily oral gavage) or vehicle was administered for another 8 weeks. EMPA did not change cardiac function in control rats. Diabetic rats had a reduced heart rate, cardiac output, stroke work, rate of contration and rate of relaxation and increased isovolumic relaxation, whereas in vitro responses were not markedly attenuated. Treatment with EMPA showed a trend for improvement of some but not all parameters. Our results indicate that low dose EMPA treatment had limited effects on cardiac impairment despite reducing blood glucose when initiated after diabetes is manifest. Future studies with a higher dose and greater sample sizes could help to clarify the possible benefits of EMPA on the diabetic heart.
Screening and Identification of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase Enzyme using In Silico and In Vitro Methods
Authors: Bhargav Anasuya , Chaurasia Pratibha , Ivanisenko Nikita V. , Ivanisenko Vladimir A. , Taneja Bhupesh , Ramachandran Srinivasan
Published: May 2022

Emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses a serious threat to TB control as the available treatment options are less effective in these cases. Therefore, new strategies are required for identification of new drugs and drug targets. The M. tuberculosis dihydrodipicolinate synthase is a putative drug target with no potent inhibitor. Here in this study, we have used a comprehensive computational approach to identify small molecule inhibitors and validated them in vitro. As similar structures tend to have similar functions, therefore 3 approaches, namely, (a) known inhibitor-based approach, (b) substrate analogues, (c) product analogues were used for compound screening from various chemical libraries. The fourth approach we have taken is fragment library screening.In vitro studies revealed that β-hydroxypyruvic acid tartronic acid are inhibitors of Mtb-rDapA with maximum inhibition 48% and 51% at 500µM concentrations respectively. We have also observed that β-hydroxypyruvic acid is a time dependent inhibitor of Mtb-rDapA. Further, thermal shift assays showed that β-hydroxypyruvic acid interacts with Mtb-rDapA and the thermal stability of Mtb-rDapA shifted by 3˚C. Among the product analogues of Mtb-DapA, dipicolinic acid showed to bind to Mtb-rDapB shifting thermal stability of Mtb-rDapB by 0.5˚C in binding. Additionally, we have designed a new approach by combining substrate and product analogues to achieve better inhibitions. In vitro assays validated that this combination approach increased maximum inhibition up to 100%. We envision that these compounds would serve as potent leads for tuberculosis drug discovery.
Biographical Approach to Patients Consulting for Presumed Lyme Disease: A Contribution to the Understanding of Patient Pathways in Symptom-Based Diseases
Authors: Romain Lutaud , Verger Pierre , Peretti-Watel Patrick , Eldin Carole
Published: May 2022

Media coverage of Lyme disease (LD) has led to an increase in consultations for presumed LD in Europe. However, LD is confirmed in only 10-20% of patients, with a significant number remaining in a diagnostic dead-end. The objective of our study was to understand the genesis of the LD hypothesis in care pathways. In 2019, 30 patients from a prospective cohort consulting in the infectious diseases department at University Hospital in Marseille for presumed LD were recruited for semi-structured interviews. The inclusion criteria were: suffering from subjective symptoms for 6 months, no clinical or paraclinical argument suggesting current LD. The patients’ medical trajectories were collected using a biographical approach. A majority of participants were convinced they had LD despite the lack of medical evidence and the scepticism of their referring GP. The diagnosis of Lyme disease was primarily triggered by identification with clinical stories circulating in the media. Most of participants had conducted the diagnostic investigation themselves. Diagnostic wandering in the diagnostic process suggests a failure of modern medicine to propose solutions for medically unexplained symptoms. Clinicians should systematically explore patients’ etiologic representations in a patient-centred care approach.
Artificial Neuron-based Model for a Hybrid Real-Time System: Induction Motor Case Study
Authors: Capel Manuel Isidoro
Published: May 2022

A correct system design can be systematically obtained from a specification model of a real-time system that integrates hybrid measurements in a realistic industrial environment, this has been carried out through complete Matlab / Simulink / Stateflow models. However, there is a widespread interest in carrying out that modeling by resorting to Machine Learning models, which can be understood as Automated Machine Learning for Real-time systems that present some degree of hybridization. An induction motor controller which must be able to maintain a constant air flow through a filter is one of these systems and it is discussed in the paper as a study case of closed-loop control system. The article discusses a practical application of ML methods that demonstrates how to replace such closed loop in industrial control systems with a Simulink block generated from neural networks to show how the proposed procedure can be applied to derive complete hybrid system designs with artificial neural networks (ANN). In the proposed ANN-based method to design a real-time hybrid system with continuous and discrete components, we use a typical design of a neural network, in which we define the usual phases: training, validation, and testing. The generated output of the model is made up of reference variables values of the cyber-physical system, which represent the functional and dynamic aspects of model. They are used to feed Simulink/Stateflow blocks in the real target system.
In Silico Comparative Analysis of Predicted B-Cell Epitopes against Dengue Virus (Serotypes 1-4) Isolated from the Philippines
Authors: Abesamis Lyn Marielle I. , Aliping Evan Gilles A. , Armada Fritz Khrystian Gabriel H. , Danao Mirriam F. , del Valle Pamela Denise B. , Regencia Zypher Jude G. , Baja Emmanuel S. , Ligsay Antonio D.
Published: May 2022

Dengue is a viral mosquito-borne disease that rapidly spreads in tropical and subtropical countries, including the Philippines. One of its most distinguishing characteristics is the ability of the Dengue Virus (DENV) to easily surpass the innate responses of the body, thus activating B cells of the adaptive immunity to produce virus-specific antibodies. Moreover, Dengvaxia® is the only licensed vaccine for DENV, but recent studies showed that seronegative individuals become prone to increased disease severity and hospitalization. Owing to this limitation of the dengue vaccine, this study determined and compared consensus and unique B cell epitopes among each DENV (1-4) Philippine isolate to identify potential areas of interest for future vaccine studies and therapeutic developments. An in silico-based epitope prediction of forty (40) DENV 1-4 strains, each serotype represented by ten (10) sequences from The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), was conducted using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, Emini surface accessibility, and Parker hydrophilicity prediction in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Results showed that five (5) epitopes were consensus for DENV-1 with no detected unique epitope, one (1) consensus epitope for DENV-2 with two (2) unique epitopes, one (1) consensus epitope for DENV-3 plus two (2) unique epitopes, and two (2) consensus epitopes and one (1) unique epitope for DENV-4. The findings of this study would contribute to determining potential vaccine and diagnostic marker candidates for further research studies and immunological applications against DENV (1-4) Philippine isolates.
Modeling of Energy and Exergy Efficiencies in High Vacuum Flat Plate Photovoltaic Thermal (PV-T) Collectors
Authors: De Luca Daniela , Caldarelli Antonio , Gaudino Eliana , Di Gennaro Emiliano , Musto Marilena , Russo Roberto
Published: May 2022

This work deals with the performance evaluation of novel flat photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) modules under vacuum. Through a 1D (dimensional) steady-state-energy-balance numerical model developed in MATLAB, two different layouts are studied: the first consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) cell installed just below the glass encapsulating the flat panel, and the second where the PV cell is placed on the selective solar absorber (SSA). In both cases the thermal and electrical efficiencies have been evaluated at different SSA operating temperatures, in the range of 323 K to 423 K. The analysis has been conducted at different energy bandgap (Ebg) of the PV cell and assuming a variable transmittance or emittance of the PV cell, depending on the design. The two systems efficiency comparison has been carried out at the same operating temperature. Overall, this work highlights the importance of high vacuum insulation, which guarantees the reduction of convective thermal losses, and shows that the maximum energy is produced for PV cells with Ebg ≈1.5-1.7 eV, depending on layout and operating temperature, by including the thermal output in the PV-T optimization. The energy and exergy efficiencies obtainable using the proposed PV-T systems are considerably improved compared to the results previously reported in the literature.
LRF Promotes Indirectly Advantageous Chromatin Conformation via BGLT3-lncRNA Expression and Switch from Fetal to Adult Hemoglobin
Authors: Chondrou Vasiliki , Shaukat Athanasios-Nasir , Psarias Georgios , Athanasopoulou Katerina , Iliopoulou Evanthia , Damanaki Ariadne , Stathopoulos Constantinos , Sgourou Argyro
Published: May 2022

Hemoglobin switch from fetal (HbF) to adult (HbA) has been studied intensively as an essential model for gene’s expression regulation, but also as a beneficial therapeutic approach for β-hemoglobinopathies, towards the objective of reactivating HbF. Transcription factor LRF (Leukemia/lymphoma-related), encoded from ZBTB7A gene has been implicated in fetal hemoglobin silencing, though has a wide range of functions that have not been fully clarified. We thus established LRF/ZBTB7A-overexpressing and ZBTB7A-knockdown K562 (human erythroleukemia cell line) clones and hemoglobin production was evaluated pre- and post-induction. Related effects on the process of hemoglobin switch from fetal to adult were also assessed. Transgenic K562 clones were further developed and studied under the influence of epigenetic chromatin regulators, such as DNA methyl transferase 3 (DNMT3) and Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), to evaluate LRF’s potential disturbance upon aberrant epigenetic background and provide valuable information of the preferable epigenetic frame, in which LRF unfolds its action on the β-type globin’s expression. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that LRF binds το γ-globin genes (HBG2/1) and apparently associates BCL11A for their silencing, but also, during erythropoiesis induction LRF binds BGLT3 gene promoting BGLT3-lncRNA production through the γ-δ intergenic region of β-type globin’s locus, triggering the transcriptional events from γ- to β-globin switch.
Finding Waldo: The Evolving Paradigm of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)-Guided Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Assessment in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
Authors: Chakrabarti Sakti , Kasi Anup , Parikh Aparna Raj , Mahipal Amit
Published: May 2022

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the tumor-derived cell-free DNA fragments in the bloodstream carrying tumor-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations, represents an emerging novel tool for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in patients with resected colorectal cancer (CRC). For many decades, precise risk-stratification following curative-intent colorectal surgery has remained an enduring challenge. The current risk stratification strategy relies on clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumors that lacks precision and results in over-and undertreatment in a significant proportion of patients. Consequently, a biomarker that can reliably identify patients harboring MRD would be of critical importance in refining patient selection for adjuvant therapy. Several prospective cohort studies have provided compelling data suggesting that ctDNA could be a robust biomarker for MRD that outperforms all existing clinicopathologic criteria. Numerous clinical trials are currently underway to validate the ctDNA-guided MRD assessment and adjuvant treatment strategies. Once validated, the ctDNA technology will likely transform the adjuvant therapy paradigm of colorectal cancer, supporting ctDNA-guided treatment escalation and de-escalation. The current article presents a comprehensive overview of the published studies supporting the utility of ctDNA for MRD assessment in patients with CRC. We also discuss ongoing ctDNA-guided adjuvant clinical trials that will likely shape future adjuvant therapy strategies for patients with CRC.
E-Cigarette Flavors, Devices, and Brands Used by Youths Before and After Partial Flavor Restrictions in the United States: Canada, England, and the United States, 2017‒2020
Authors: Hammond David , Reid Jessica L. , Burkhalter Robin , Bansal Travers Maansi , Gravely Shannon , Hyland Andy , Kasza Karin , McNeill Ann
Published: May 2022

Objectives. To examine the impact of US restrictions implemented in February 2020 prohibiting flavors other than menthol and tobacco in cartridge-based e-cigarettes.

Methods. We analyzed 5 cross-sectional waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys, conducted online with youths aged 16 to 19 years in the United States, Canada, and England, for differences in usual e-cigarette flavor, device, and brand reported by past-30-day vapers (n = 9512) before (2017, 2018, 2019), during (February 2020), and after (August 2020) implementation of US flavor restrictions.

Results. In August 2020, 78.7% of vapers in the United States reported using a flavor prohibited in cartridges or pods, versus 86.3% in Canada (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.25, 1.40) and 79.8% in England (AOR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.78, 1.55). Disposable e-cigarettes (exempt from flavor restrictions) increased to a greater extent among vapers in the United States (13.2% to 36.8%) versus Canada (7.7% to 14.2%; AOR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.33, 3.04) and England (10.8% to 16.4%; AOR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.52, 3.57). Puff Bar (disposable) emerged as the most popular brand in the United States.

Conclusions. Usual flavors used by youth vapers in the United States were unchanged after 2020 restrictions on cartridge-based e-cigarettes. Youths used brands and devices exempt from the restrictions. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(7):1014–1024. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306780 )
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 21.05.2022 г. по 27.05.2022 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: May 2022

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 21.05.2022 г. по 27.05.2022 г.
Fundamentos lingüísticos y pedagógicos para la creación de un método de enseñanza del shipibo-konibo a nivel básico
Authors: Castillo Farroñay Zamia Ivon , Meneses Tutaya Norma Isabel , Torres Castillo Fernando Aarón , Lazo García Verónica , Ponce Fretel Santiago Elí
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de desarrollar como contenido temático la cosmovisión, las prácticas culturales y los fundamentos gramaticales del grupo etnolingüístico shipibo-konibo y, con ello, elaborar el marco teórico-metodológico de un método comunicativo-funcional a nivel básico, necesario para su enseñanza-aprendizaje como segunda lengua (SL) o lengua extranjera (LE) en contextos urbanos. Para ello, se toma como referencia los estándares internacionales del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia de Lenguas (MCERL). Como resultado se tiene una propuesta de ejes temáticos transversales, con un contenido principalmente intra e intercultural, los cuales fueron aplicados en sesiones de clase y siguieron un enfoque didáctico de aprendizaje continuo bajo una metodología de investigación-acción. Concluimos señalando que esta propuesta metodológica, sin duda, es innovadora y sentará un precedente en la elaboración de métodos de enseñanza de la lengua shipiba como segunda lengua en contextos urbanos y, por extensión, a otras lenguas originarias
Pensamiento latinoamericano en ciencia, tecnología e innovación: políticas, determinantes y prácticas
Authors: Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto , Núñez Jover Jorge Rafael , Hernández Alfonso Eduardo Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Existe en el orden teórico una dispersión de literatura científica publicada en torno al pensamiento, las tendencias y las prácticas referentes a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en Latinoamérica. Se plantea como objetivos del estudio: 1) examinar las políticas latinoamericanas en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, y 2) identificar tendencias y patrones en torno al pensamiento, determinantes y prácticas llevadas a cabo para el desarrollo de la ciencia en Latinoamérica. Se identifican los aspectos que tipifican las políticas de ciencia y tecnología en América Latina, los paradigmas eurocentristas y la colonialidad del saber. Se examinan las iniciativas latinoamericanas para la emancipación de la ciencia. Se concluye que el desarrollo de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en América Latina se han dado fundamentalmente de la mano del Estado. Las inversiones en ciencia y tecnología en la región tienen mayor incidencia en Brasil, México y Argentina, y se enfocan principalmente en las llamadas ciencias duras: técnicas y exactas
¿Vivimos en una distopía ética?
Authors: Cruzado Torre Mike Christian
Published: May 2022

El presente ensayo intenta brindar una reflexión filosófica constructiva al documento «Consideraciones éticaspara la toma de decisiones en los servicios de salud durante la pandemia COVID-19» (C.E.) elaborado por el Grupo de Trabajo en Aspectos Bioéticos del Ministerio de Salud (Minsa, 2020). En él se realizan una serie de recomendaciones científicas, tecnológicas y, sobre todo, éticas, que se deben tener en cuenta al momento de usar eficazmente los escasos recursos disponibles para aumentar el bienestar de los pacientes en un escenario de crisis sanitaria. En este escenario, se resalta lo que consideramos llamar una «distopía ética»; es decir, una situación en donde se nos dificulta tomar decisiones, dado que nuestras intuiciones morales no suelen resolver los dilemas y dificultades éticas; peor aún, muchas veces estas decisiones son contradictorias. Asimismo, el utilitarismo y la deontología son las teorías éticas que, en términos generales, subyacen nuestras intuiciones morales y las que han permeado al C.E. Finalmente, a la luz de estas consideraciones, se expondrá nuestra distopía ética; qué problemas, dilemas y contradicciones morales subyacen al documento C.E. y cómo responden las teorías éticas antes mencionadas ante estas dificultades que la crisis sanitaria ha puesto de relieve y que nos fuerza a encarar.
El «problema del indio» y la elección de Castillo: el desafío de re-imaginar un nuevo Perú
Authors: Valderrama Aguayo Ivan Jesús
Published: May 2022

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar en perspectiva crítica la actual coyuntura política que el pasado 6 de junio de 2021 se concretizó en la elección, como nuevo presidente de la república, de Pedro Castillo en el Perú. Dicho análisis, materializado a partir de las categorías de pensamiento propuestas por autores como Mariátegui y González Prada, pretende orientar la configuración de escenarios imaginados-futuros que busquen reivindicar la importancia del «indio» como sujeto protagónico del desarrollo sociohistórico del Perú, la cual considera como uno de sus principales hitos recientes la elección de Castillo como primera autoridad nacional. Finalmente, se proponen mecanismos prácticos que tributen a configurar dichos escenarios como mecanismo a través del cual combatir la invisibilización histórica de «los indios», resultado directo de la dominación, en las esferas del poder, del saber y del ser.
A Neural Network Model with Connectivity-Based Topology for Production Prediction in Complex Subsurface Flow Systems
Authors: Yu Junjie , Jahandideh Atefeh , Jafarpour Behnam
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a neural network architecture for prediction of production performance under different operating conditions by integration of domain insight and simulated production response data. The neural network topology in the developed approach is derived from interwell communication and connectivity between a producer and its surrounding supporting injection wells. Instead of a fully connected neural network that represents a global (field-scale) model that allows any injector to be connected to a given producer, and hence too many unrealistic and irrelevant connections, a local view is taken in building the proxy model. In this case, each producer is assumed to be supported by very few surrounding injection wells and is likely to have weak or no communication with distant wells. However, interwell connectivity in complex large-scale reservoirs is not just a function of distance and rather difficult to determine. Therefore, multiple randomly sized regions around each producer are considered to include different numbers of injectors in each local network for any given producer. The variability in the neighborhood size reflects the prior uncertainty about the potential connectivity between a producer and its nearby injection wells at different distances. This approach results in many local neural networks (several local networks per each producer) that can be aggregated into a single large neural network model with a predefined topological structure to represent possible connections. Training with simulated data is then used to estimate the weights in the resulting neural network architecture. Once the training process is completed, for each producer, the local model with the best prediction performance on the test data is selected and used to construct the final topology of the neural network model for the entire field. The method is applied to predict interwell connectivity and oil production in a large-scale mature field that undergoes waterflooding. The results demonstrate that even a simple domain insight, such as distance-based elimination of wells in a large field, can significantly reduce the amount of training data need and lead to noticeable improvement in the prediction performance of the resulting neural network model.
Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Technology Adoption Policies of 50 States and District of Columbia in the United States
Authors: Roberts Samantha , Roland Tristan , Amarasekara Ananda S
Published: May 2022

Renewable energy policies and adoption of new renewable energy technologies in different states of the United states are not uniform. The factors affecting the trends in adopting electrical energy generation using sustainable resources: wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass as well as registered all electric vehicles in 50 states and district of Columbia in the United States was analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis. Eight contributing factors: percentages of high school graduates; college graduates; total population; land area; percentage of water covered area; average annual income and registered democrats in the state were selected as predictor variables. Among eight factors considered, percentage of registered democrats was found as the most influencing factor (p = 0.00543) determining the renewable electrical energy adoption. The transition to all electric cars strongly co-related to higher average annual income of the population (p = 0.00141). In conclusion, an aggressive education campaign by environmentalist and pro-sustainability groups may help in de-coupling the energy and environment policies in the United States from political ideologies in order to achieve a more sustainable future.
Urban outdoor thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort during the summer
Authors: Zhen Meng , Zou Weihan , Zheng Rui , Lu Yujie
Published: May 2022

The outdoor thermal environment is an important factor when measuring the livability of a city. Residents will avoid intense heat by reducing their outdoor activities, which decreases the vitality of a city and increases the energy consumed for air conditioning. Outdoor thermal comfort has a great impact on outdoor activities; therefore, we need to evaluate and design the urban outdoor thermal environments in cold regions to improve the outdoor thermal comfort level. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive thermal comfort in four different urban forms in Xi'an during July 2019, and measuring meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and black bulb temperature. The results are showed as follows. (1) In the cold study area, urban residents generally perceived the outdoor climate as relatively hot during the summer. (2) The participants exhibited psychological and physical adaptations in terms of their thermal comfort. In particular, when the PET was 30°C, the MTCV was about 1.25 points higher in the later summer period than the early summer period. (3) The neutral PET differs among regions and it is affected by the climate zone and latitude. Comparisons of our results with thermal comfort studies in different regions such as Singapore and Umeå in north Sweden showed that the thermal comfort is correlated with the regional climate and latitude. The neutral PET is higher in tropical regions. Our findings support the theoretical understanding of adaptive thermal comfort in cold regions and they provide a reference for formulating policies related to adaptive thermal comfort.
Lrg1 inhibits the activation of hepatic macrophages to alleviate NAFLD by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling
Authors: XU LONGFEI , HAN JING , YANG ZHE , YANG YANPING , CHEN JINHUI , WU XIJUN , HONG YAN , WANG QI
Published: May 2022

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive hepatic lipid deposition, and is characterized by hepatocyte steatosis, the accumulation of immune cells and the increased expression of inflammatory factors. Hepatic macrophages are the main hepatic immune cells, which play a decisive role in NAFLD. The inhibition of the M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages or the depletion of hepatic macrophages can alleviate hepatic steatosis and inflammation.Methods and Results: NAFLD mouse model was established by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, the expression of Lrg1 in liver tissues was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Then expression of Lrg1 in steatotic hepatocytes was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Finally, Western-blot analysis, Real-time PCR, HE staining and immumohistochemical staining were performed to confirm the Lrg1 inhibits the activation of hepatic macrophages to alleviate NAFLD by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling. The results of present study demonstrated that Lrg1 inhibited the polarization of M1 liver macrophages induced by steatotic hepatocyte-derived conditioned medium by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling, and Lrg1 also alleviated liver inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) via TGF-β1 signaling. In addition, the expression level of Lrg1 was significantly decreased in liver tissues from mice with HFD-induced steatosis. Conclusion: Our findings identify that HFD-induced hepatic expression of Lrg1 was significantly downregulated，Lrg1 inhibits the infiltration of hepatic macrophages to alleviates fatty liver inflammation through enhancing TGF-β1 signaling.
Impact of Rapid Urbanization and Changes Face of Landuse on Urban Wetland: Acase Study of Berhampore Municipality, Murshidabad, West Bengal (India)
Authors: Roy Subham Kumar , Mondal Chumki
Published: May 2022

Wetlands play a vital role in environmental protection. Wetland works not only as kidney of environment but also they provide us water storage, urban flood control, recharge of groundwater, water purifications, agricultural facilities, wildlife resource management, and recreation spots. In present day rapid unplanned urbanization process is shooting low risky high profitable zone wetland areas because of huge amount population pressure in urban sector and lack of awareness about environmental protection. Berhampore town is one of the important towns which is located in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal and express rapid urban growth. Because of the rapid unplanned urban growth land use and land cover are changing very rapidly within very short time gap which may impacts on the local land resources. Through this paper we want to show the present day scenario of Wetlands in municipality area, how wetlands are affected by unplanned urbanization directly or indirectly with the help of landuse landcover change, we are also using some indices to summarized present actual relation between wetland and built up area. To find out the present scenario wetland and built up area of Berhampore town Normalized Difference Wetland Index, Normalized Difference Built up Area Index, Modified Normalized Difference Wetland Index, Normalized Difference Pond Index and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index etc have been used with the help of Landsat Satellite images(TM and OLI-TIRS sensor) from 1991 to 2021 .This study express that amount area of wetland are continuous declining over time and amount areas of built up areas are continuous increased form urban core to fringe area. Water is most precious to all over the world but due to endless demands of people they forget the ethical manners of human beings. This study will throw a new enlighten on the study of urban wetland status.
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis sp. in donkeys from China
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Wei Kaiwen , Wu Zhipeng , Sun Jun , Hu Junjie , Deng Shuangsheng , Tao Jianping
Published: May 2022

There is considerable confusion concerning the relationships among species of Sarcocystis found in donkeys and horses. Here, sarcocysts obtained from donkeys (Equus asinus) were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Sarcocysts were diagnosed in 12 of 32 (37.5%) Chinese donkeys and could be divided into two types, thin-walled and thick-walled, with the aid of light microscopy (LM). The thin-walled sarcocysts were macroscopic (up to 4856 × 320 µm in size) and had short club-like protrusions of up to 2.7 µm; the thick-walled sarcocysts were microscopic (up to 3750 × 135 µm in size) and had villar protrusions of up to 5.4 µm. The ultrastructures of the two types exhibited highly similar morphological characteristics, including bundled microtubules in the core of the villar protrusions penetrating diagonally into the ground substance, similar to wall type 11c. Three genetic markers, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and mitochondrial cox1, were sequenced and analyzed in the two types. The three genetic markers presented high intraspecific similarity between the two types, ranging from 97.2–99.5%, 97.8–99.6% and 99.0 − 99.9%, respectively. The comparison of these sequences with those of Sarcocystis spp. previously deposited in GenBank showed that the newly obtained sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and mitochondrial cox1 presented identities of 90.0 − 97.5%, 94.7 − 95.1% and 82.6 − 84.5%, respectively, with those of S. bertrami and S. fayeri obtained from horses. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based on the mitochondrial cox1 sequences of donkey and horse sarcocysts revealed three fragments (196, 243 and 641 bp) and two fragments (416 and 644 bp), respectively, upon digestion with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and HinfI. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA or mitochondrial cox1 sequences revealed that donkey sarcocysts formed an individual clade with Sarcocystis spp. obtained from horses. Based on the divergence of the three sarcocyst genetic markers, especially mitochondrial cox1, between donkeys and horses, the Sarcocystis sp. sarcocysts in donkeys were different with those obtained from horses. The cross-infection of Sarcocystis between donkeys and horses needs to be attempted for further confirmation in the future.
Determinants of Effective Family Planning Communication Among Couples in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community Based Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Zelalem Desalew , Worku Alemayehu , Dessie Yadeta
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Effective spousal family planning communication is determined by various socio-economic, demographic, family planning knowledge and attitude, and exposure of couples to family planning message on media. Women' equality with men in terms of educational status, relative power of each spouse and women's social and economic vulnerability dictates couples' communication on family planning and other reproductive health issues.
Methods
A community based matched case-control study was conducted in twelve kebeles of Harar Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System. A total of 1010 cases (married couples) and 1010 controls (married couples) of whose wives were in the reproductive age participated in the study. The selection of the study participants was made using simple random sampling.
Results
In this study, husband's desire for more children (aOR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.41), wives desire for more children (aOR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.34) and fewer children (aOR = 0.4; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.84), couples' approval of family planning use (aOR = 2.3; 95%CI: 0.65, 8.37) and women's family planning counseling by health workers (aOR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.8) were significantly associated with effective spousal family planning communication
Conclusion
In conclusion the results revealed that policies and programs aimed at promoting family planning should strengthen family planning information, education and communication activities to enable couples concord on their desired number of children and develop positive attitude towards family planning.