bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acclimation of life-history traits to experimental changes in environmental contaminant concentrations in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)
Authors: Farwell Michelle , Drouillard Ken G. , Heath Daniel D. , Pitcher Trevor E.
Published: January 2012

One adaptive mechanism aquatic populations use to facilitate tolerance to environmental contaminants is acclimation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a globally ubiquitous class of persistent organic contaminants that have been linked to reproductive impairments in fish. The authors used female brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) to test whether acclimation of reproductive life-history traits occurs in response to changes in sum PCB exposure. They compared egg diameter, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and fecundity of fish directly caught from wild populations exposed to a range of contaminant concentrations (acute), to those collected from the same populations a year before, which were placed in a clean environment to clear their contaminants throughout that year (cleared). Sum PCB concentrations were also determined for each individual. Brown bullhead from acute treatments had significantly greater sum PCB concentrations compared with cleared treatments. Egg diameter and GSI metrics were greater in cleared treatments compared with acute treatments (by 6 and 14%, respectively). Treatment effect (i.e., acute or cleared), as opposed to where the fish were collected from, accounts for 72 to 89% of the variation in the reproductive life-history trait variables. No difference in fecundity was found between acute and cleared treatments. The authors found support that acclimation of reproductive life-history traits occurs to changes in sum PCB concentration. To their knowledge, the present study is the first experimental test of acclimation responses of female life-history traits to contaminants in wild populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:863–869. © 2012 SETAC
Testing hypotheses on the resistance to metals by Daphnia longispina: Differential acclimation, endpoints association, and fitness costs
Authors: Saro Liliana , Lopes Isabel , Martins Nelson , Ribeiro Rui
Published: January 2012

Pollution by metals may lead to an increased tolerance in the exposed population through adaptive microevolution, with resistant genotypes becoming more abundant than in reference sites. This work investigated the outcomes associated with selection for resistance by testing three hypotheses to assess the following: Do resistant versus sensitive clonal lineages of Daphnia longispina differentially acclimate to metals during a long-term sublethal exposure, is there a significant correlation between lethal and sublethal responses, and does resistance to metals entail costs to fitness under uncontaminated conditions? No evidence of acclimation was observed. The median effective dilutions of acid mine drainage for reproduction were similar for successive broods within clones during long-term exposures. Lethal and sublethal responses were not correlated, indicating that mechanisms regulating the two types of response were more than likely different. Finally, fitness costs associated with the resistance to lethal levels of metals were not detected, but resistance to sublethal levels of Cu was found to be correlated with a lower intrinsic growth rate under control conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:909–915. © 2012 SETAC
Intracellular Na+ concentration influences short‐term plasticity of glutamate transporter‐mediated currents in neocortical astrocytes
Authors: Unichenko Petr , Myakhar Olga , Kirischuk Sergei
Published: January 2012

Fast synaptic transmission requires a rapid clearance of the released neurotransmitter from the extracellular space. Glial glutamate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporters, EAATs) strongly contribute to glutamate removal. In this work, we investigated the paired‐pulse plasticity of synaptically activated, glutamate transporter‐mediated currents (STCs) in cortical layer 2/3 astrocytes. STCs were elicited by local electrical stimulation in layer 4 in the presence of ionotropic glutamate (AMPA and NMDA), GABAA, and GABAB receptor antagonists. In experiments with low [Na+]i (5 mM) intrapipette solution, STCs elicited by paired‐pulse stimulation demonstrated paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) at short (<250 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISIs) and paired‐pulse depression at longer ISIs. In experiments with close to physiological, high [Na+]i (20 mM) intrapipette solution, PPF of STCs at short ISIs was significantly reduced. In addition, the STC kinetics was slowed in the presence of high [Na+]i. Exogenous GABA increased astrocytic [Na+]i, reduced the mean STC amplitude, decreased PPF at short ISIs, and slowed STC kinetics. All GABA‐induced changes were blocked by NO‐711 and SNAP‐5114, GABA transporter (GATs) antagonists. In experiments with the low intrapipette solution, GAT blockade under control conditions decreased PPF at short ISIs both at room and at near physiological temperatures. Dialysis of single astrocyte with low [Na+]i solution increased the amplitude and reduced PPR of evoked field potentials recorded in the vicinity of the astrocyte. We conclude that (1) endogenous GABA via GATs may influence EAAT functioning and (2) astrocytic [Na+]i modulates the short‐term plasticity of STCs and in turn the efficacy of glutamate removal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer—systematic review and meta‐analysis of trends by time and region
Authors: Mehanna Hisham , Beech Tom , Nicholson Tom , El‐Hariry Iman , McConkey Christopher , Paleri Vinidh , Roberts Sally
Published: January 2012

Background

Little information has been reported on regional and time trends of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence rates of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and non‐OPC.

Methods

The study consisted of a systematic review and meta‐analysis using random effects logistic regression models.

Results

Overall HPV prevalence in OPC (47.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 42.9–52.5%) increased significantly over time: from 40.5% (95% CI, 35.1–46.1) before 2000, to 64.3% (95% CI, 56.7–71.3) between 2000 and 2004, and 72.2% (95% CI, 52.9–85.7) between 2005 and 2009 (p < .001). Prevalence increased significantly in North America and Europe, and the significant gap between them that existed before 2000 (50.7% vs 35.3%, respectively, p = .008) has now disappeared (69.7% vs 73.1%, respectively, p = .8). Prevalence in non‐OPC (21.8%; 95% CI, 18.9–25.1%) has not increased over time (p = .97)

Conclusions

The sharp increase in the proportion of HPV‐positive OPC over the last decade has occurred at a faster rate in Europe compared with that in North America. In contrast, the relatively low prevalence of HPV in non‐OPC remains unchanged. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Mothers' differential parenting and children's behavioural outcomes: Exploring the moderating role of family and social context
Authors: Meunier Jean Christophe , Wade Mark , Jenkins Jennifer M.
Published: January 2012

Exploring an ecological framework, the goal of the present study was to examine the moderating role of contextual risk on the relationship between differential parenting and children's socio‐emotional outcomes. The present study was conducted with a sample of 920 children nested within 397 families (including up to four children per family). Using a multivariate multilevel modelling strategy, we examined a range of contextual risks including maternal personal factors (educational level, family‐average parenting, depression, history of abuse and teen motherhood), parental and family factors (lone‐parent and step‐parent families and marital conflict) and home and community factors (household disorganization neighbourhood quality, collective efficacy and personal safety/victimization). Overall, the moderating role of context was found to be more evident for differential negativity than for differential positivity. Moreover, higher levels of contextual risk were associated with stronger links between differential parenting and child outcomes, with more deleterious effects for the disfavoured child. This same effect was seen when individual risks were aggregated into a cumulative risk index. The exception to this pattern was household disorganization in some cases, children showed more sensitivity to differential parenting at low levels of household disorganization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BMP‐2 inhibits tumor growth of human renal cell carcinoma and induces bone formation
Authors: Wang Lin , Park Paul , Zhang Huina , La Marca Frank , Claeson Amy , Than Khoi , Rahman Shayan , Lin Chia‐Ying
Published: January 2012

Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, has been shown to have inhibitory effect on many tumor types. However, the effect of BMP‐2 on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still unknown. We previously showed that BMP‐2 inhibits tumorigenicity of cancer stem cells in human osteosarcoma OS99‐1 cells. Our study investigates the effect of BMP‐2 on human RCC using ACHN and Caki‐2 cell lines. Three types of BMP receptors were found to be expressed in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. In vitro, BMP‐2 was found to inhibit the growth of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. The antiproliferative effect seems to be due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was revealed by flow cytometry analysis. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis, we demonstrated BMP‐2 upregulated osteogenic markers Runx‐2 and Collagen Type I gene expression in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. Treatment of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells with BMP‐2 induced a rapid phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. In vivo, all animals receiving low number of ACHN (1 × 104) and Caki‐2 (5 × 104) cells treated with 30 μg of BMP‐2 per animal showed limited tumor growth with significant bone formation, whereas untreated cells developed large tumor masses without bone formation in immunodeficient non‐obese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. These results suggest that BMP‐2 inhibits growth of RCC as well as causes induction of osseous bone formation. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between inhibition of cell proliferation and bone induction.
Impaction‐modified densely sintered yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconium dioxide: Methodology, surface structure, and bond strength>
Authors: Papia Evaggelia , Zethraeus Johan , Ransbäck Per‐Åke , Wennerberg Ann , Vult von Steyern Per
Published: January 2012

The objectives of the study were to describe a novel method for producing zirconium dioxide specimens with a cementation surface that allows adhesive cementation techniques, to describe the surface structure and to evaluate the bond strength. Forty‐eight pairs of specimens were fabricated and adhesively luted together. Three different surfaces were tested: impaction‐modified surfaces created by using glass granules (G), impaction‐modified surfaces created by using polymer granules (P) and a nonmodified control surface (C). Two bonding systems were used, Variolink®II (VA) or Panavia™F 2.0 (PA). During the different fabrication steps, the surfaces were examined under light microscope and analyzed with an optical interferometer. All groups were thermocycled and subjected to shear bond strength test. The groups with modified cementation surfaces showed significantly higher shear bond strength: 34.9 MPa (VA‐G), 30.9 MPa (VA‐P), 29.6 MPa (PA‐P), and 26.1 MPa (PA‐G) compared with the relevant control group: 20.5 MPa (VA‐C) and 17.8 MPa (PA‐C). The groups with surface modification showed a rougher surface structure and significantly fewer fractures between the cement and the zirconium dioxide surfaces compared to the control groups where all failures were adhesive. Impaction modification with an impaction medium pressed into the cementation surface of zirconium dioxide‐based reconstructions can be used in combination with an additive production technique to increase bond strength. Both modification techniques described in the study result in a rougher surface structure and higher shear bond strength compared to the control groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Silorane resin supports proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MLO‐A5 bone cells in vitro and bone formation in vivo
Authors: Eick J. David , Barragan‐Adjemian Cielo , Rosser Jennifer , Melander Jennifer R. , Dusevich Vladimir , Weiler Rachel A. , Miller Bradley D. , Kilway Kathleen V. , Dallas Mark R. , Bi Lianxing , Nalvarte Elisabet L. , Bonewald Lynda F.
Published: January 2012

Methyl methacrylate used in bone cements has drawbacks of toxicity, high exotherm, and considerable shrinkage. A new resin, based on silorane/oxirane chemistry, has been shown to have little toxicity, low exotherm, and low shrinkage. We hypothesized that silorane‐based resins may also be useful as components of bone cements as well as other bone applications and began testing on bone cell function in vitro and in vivo. MLO‐A5, late osteoblast cells, were exposed to polymerized silorane (SilMix) resin (and a standard polymerized bisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylate (BT) resin and compared to culture wells without resins as control. A significant cytotoxic effect was observed with the BT resin resulting in no cell growth, whereas in contrast, SilMix resin had no toxic effects on MLO‐A5 cell proliferation, differentiation, nor mineralization. The cells cultured with SilMix produced increasing amounts of alkaline phosphatase (1.8‐fold) compared to control cultures. Compared to control cultures, an actual enhancement of mineralization was observed in the silorane resin‐containing cultures at days 10 and 11 as determined by von Kossa (1.8–2.0 fold increase) and Alizarin red staining (1.8‐fold increase). A normal bone calcium/phosphate atomic ratio was observed by elemental analysis along with normal collagen formation. When used in vivo to stabilize osteotomies, no inflammatory response was observed, and the bone continued to heal. In conclusion, the silorane resin, SilMix, was shown to not only be non cytototoxic, but actually supported bone cell function. Therefore, this resin has significant potential for the development of a nontoxic bone cement or bone stabilizer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Supplementation of collagen scaffolds with SPARC to facilitate mineralization
Authors: Pataquiva‐Mateus A. Y. , Wu H‐C. , Lucchesi C. , Ferraz M. P. , Monteiro F. J. , Spector M.
Published: January 2012

The extracellular matrix‐associated protein, SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is known to play a role in the mineralization of collagen in bone formation. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) if SPARC supplementation of type 1 collagen scaffolds in vitro facilitated the binding of pre‐formed HA nanoparticles added to the scaffolds; 2) if SPARC supplementation of the scaffolds enhanced the uptake of calcium and phosphorus from calcium phosphate solutions; and 3) if pretreatment in a calcium phosphate solution enhanced the subsequent binding of the nanoparticles. A related objective was to begin to determine the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in the scaffolds when the constructs were grown in osteogenic medium. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the scaffolds were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma analysis, and the elastic modulus of the scaffolds determined by unconfined compression testing. Scaffolds were seeded with goat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and the cell‐seeded constructs grown in osteogenic medium. Supplementation of the scaffolds with as little as 0.008 % SPARC (by wt. of collagen) resulted in an increase in the binding of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to the scaffold, but had no effect on incorporation of calcium or phosphorus from a calcium phosphate solution. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the scaffolds did not result in an increase in modulus. Supplementation of the scaffolds with SPARC and the increase in the binding of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles did not affect the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012
Hybrid particle‐field molecular dynamics simulations: Parallelization and benchmarks
Authors: Zhao Ying , De Nicola Antonio , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Milano Giuseppe
Published: January 2012

The parallel implementation of a recently developed hybrid scheme for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (Milano and Kawakatsu, J Chem Phys 2009, 130, 214106) where self‐consistent field theory (SCF) and particle models are combined is described. Because of the peculiar formulation of the hybrid method, considering single particles interacting with density fields, the most computationally expensive part of the hybrid particle‐field MD simulation can be efficiently parallelized using a straightforward particle decomposition algorithm. Benchmarks of simulations, including comparisons of serial MD and MD‐SCF program profiles, serial MD‐SCF and parallel MD‐SCF program profiles, and parallel benchmarks compared with efficient MD program GROMACS 4.5.4 are tested and reported. The results of benchmarks indicate that the proposed parallelization scheme is very efficient and opens the way to molecular simulations of large scale systems with reasonable computational costs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential of mean force of water–proton bath and molecular dynamic simulation of proteins at constant pH
Authors: Vorobjev Yury N.
Published: January 2012

An advanced implicit solvent model of water–proton bath for protein simulations at constant pH is presented. The implicit water–proton bath model approximates the potential of mean force of a protein in water solvent in a presence of hydrogen ions. Accurate and fast computational implementation of the implicit water–proton bath model is developed using the continuum electrostatic Poisson equation model for calculation of ionization equilibrium and the corrected MSR6 generalized Born model for calculation of the electrostatic atom–atom interactions and forces. Molecular dynamics (MD) method for protein simulation in the potential of mean force of water–proton bath is developed and tested on three proteins. The model allows to run MD simulations of proteins at constant pH, to calculate pH‐dependent properties and free energies of protein conformations. The obtained results indicate that the developed implicit model of water–proton bath provides an efficient way to study thermodynamics of biomolecular systems as a function of pH, pH‐dependent ionization‐conformation coupling, and proton transfer events. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recollection of negative information in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Tapia Géraldine , Clarys David , Bugaiska Aurélia , El‐Hage Wissam
Published: January 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with the effects of emotional valence on recall processes in recognition memory. Patients suffering from PTSD (n = 15) were compared with 15 nontraumatized patients with anxious and depressive symptoms and with 15 nontraumatized controls on the remember/know paradigm using negative, positive, and neutral words. The PTSD group remembered more negative words than the nontraumatized controls, F(1, 42) = 7.20, p = .01, but there was no difference between those with PTSD and those with anxiety or depression, F(1, 42) = 2.93, p = .09, or between the latter and controls, F(1, 42) < 1. This study did not allow us to determine whether this recollection bias for negative information was specific to the PTSD status or was triggered by the greater level of anxiety displayed in this group.
Advances in Polymeric Systems for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ravichandran Rajeswari , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Venugopal Jayarama Reddy , Mukherjee Shayanti , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: January 2012

The characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are major concerns in the quest to fabricate ideal scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds employed for tissue engineering applications should possess multifunctional properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanical properties as it comes in direct contact with the body fluids in vivo. Additionally, the polymer system should also possess biomimetic architecture and should support stem cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the progress in polymer technology continues, polymeric biomaterials have taken characteristics more closely related to that desired for tissue engineering and clinical needs. Stimuli responsive polymers also termed as smart biomaterials respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzyme, antigen, glucose and electrical stimuli that are inherently present in living systems. This review highlights the exciting advancements in these polymeric systems that relate to biological and tissue engineering applications. Additionally, several aspects of technology namely scaffold fabrication methods and surface modifications to confer biological functionality to the polymers have also been discussed. The ultimate objective is to emphasize on these underutilized adaptive behaviors of the polymers so that novel applications and new generations of smart polymeric materials can be realized for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.

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Alternating Diene Metathesis Polycondensation (ALTMET) – Opitimizing Catalyst Loading
Authors: Abbas Mudassar , Wappel Julia , Slugovc Christian
Published: January 2012

Summary: Olefin metathesis polymerization is a flexible and easy way to prepare highly functionalized macromolecules with high precision. Within this context, the efficiency of a series of ruthenium based catalysts in the polycondensation of dienes with diacrylates yielding alternating copolymers is studied. Previous works with Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst are compared with Hoveyda 2nd generation catalyst that was found to be much more efficient in these reactions giving reasonable conversions and thus high molecular weights at low catalyst loading. Additionally the performance of several other Hoveyda type catalysts has been studied.
Process Induced Micro Structure Evolution in Polyester Polyurethane and Mechanical Properties Relationship
Authors: Frick Achim , Mikoszek Marzena
Published: January 2012

Summary:MDI‐HQEE‐Capa based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with Shore hardness of 94 A was injection molded. In order to study the influence of melt conditions on the material structure evolution and resulting mechanical properties a systematical variation in processing temperatures in the range between 195 °C and 250 °C was applied. The mold temperature was kept constant at 60 °C. Process induced samples morphologies were investigated by means of light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Mechanical visco‐elastic properties were determined by means of cyclic tensile experiment and were correlated with results of structural investigations. The evaluation of morphology micrographs of raw TPU material and specimens molded at different temperatures shows a reduction in visual crystalline fraction. This gains a distinct change in the deformation behavior of injection molded TPU with increasing melt processing temperature.
Inhibitory Effect of Verbascoside Isolated from Buddleja brasiliensis Jacq. ex Spreng on Prolyl Oligopeptidase Activity
Authors: Filho Augusto G. , Morel Ademir F. , Adolpho Luciana , Ilha Vinícius , Giralt Ernest , Tarragó Teresa , Dalcol Ionara I.
Published: January 2012

The phenylpropanoid glycoside verbascoside [2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethyl)‐1‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐(4‐O‐caffeyl)‐glucopyranoside] (1) has been isolated as the main constituent of the crude extract of Buddleja brasiliensis Jacq. ex Spreng from Southern Brazil. The crude extract, main fractions and the compound 1 were evaluated for inhibition of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Compound 1 showed weak activity against DPP‐IV with an IC50 >> 150 µm and was inactive against AChE, with a pMIQ determined by bioautography of 9.6. In contrast, 1 displayed significant inhibition of POP in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.2 µm, similar to the positive control, baicalin, with a POP IC50 of 12 ± 3 µm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between surface excitation parameter obtained from QUEELS and SESINIPAC
Authors: Pauly N. , Novák M. , Dubus A. , Tougaard S.
Published: January 2012

Surface excitations significantly influence the measured peak intensities in elastic peak electron spectroscopy. They are characterised by the surface excitation parameter (SEP) defined as the change in excitation probability of an electron caused by the presence of the surface in comparison with an electron moving in an infinite medium. It is thus important to have a large database of SEP values or to have the possibility to determine it with a user‐friendly software. Recently, Novák developed the programme Software for Electron Solid Inelastic Interaction Parameter Calculations (SESINIPAC) within the model of Tung, Chen, Kwei and Chou, which allows to determine inelastic mean free path, differential inelastic mean free path, SEP and differential SEP for various energy loss function models and dispersion relations with as only input the energy loss function of the material. Using SESINIPAC, we calculate SEP for 27 different types of materials (metals, semiconductors and insulators) and for various angles and energies. We compare these results with those obtained previously with the software Quantitative Analysis of Electron Energy Losses at Surfaces (QUEELS), which uses the Yubero‐Tougaard model. We show that the dependence on angle of emission and energy is quite similar for the two models. However, the absolute values calculated with SESINIPAC are generally larger than those calculated with QUEELS, and the mean relative difference is 20% for metals and semiconductors but exceeds 50% for insulators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of trace elements in some medicinal plants used in anti‐cancer drugs by PIXE
Authors: Abdul Sattar S. , Seetharami Reddy B. , Koteswara Rao V. , Ramnarayana K. , Naga Raju G. J. , Bhuloka Reddy S. , Phanisree T. KD. , Madhusudhana Rao P. V.
Published: January 2012

A trace elemental analysis was carried out in various parts of 12 anticancer medicinal plants, using the PIXE (particle‐induced X‐ray emission) technique. A 3‐MeV proton beam was used to excite the samples, and spectra were recorded using a Si (Li) detector. Data analysis was done using the GUPIX software. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Sr were identified, and their concentrations estimated. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the development of anticancer drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of polarization Bremsstrahlung in the formation of thick target Bremsstrahlung spectra in the energy range of 5–10 keV
Authors: Singh Tajinder , Kahlon K. S. , Dhaliwal A. S.
Published: January 2012

Role of polarization Bremsstrahlung in the formation of total Bremsstrahlung (BS) spectra in thick targets of Al, Ti, Sn and Pb, produced by complete absorption of 90Sr beta particles having an energy range of 0–546 keV, are studied in the photon energy region of 5 to 10 keV. The theoretical BS spectral photon distributions, obtained from Elwert corrected (nonrelativistic) Bethe–Heitler theory, a modified Elwert factor (relativistic) Bethe–Heitler theory that describe ordinary Bremsstrahlung (OB) and a modified Elwert factor (relativistic) Bethe–Heitler theory for BS spectra that includes the polarization Bremsstrahlung (PB) into OB in stripped atom approximation, were compared with the experimentally measured BS spectral photon distributions. It has been observed that the experimental results are in agreement with the modified Elwert factor (relativistic) Bethe–Heitler theory at photon energy from 5 to 10 keV. It has been also observed that the contribution of PB into OB decreases with increase in end‐point energy of beta emitter and the energy of the emitted photon. Further, it has been found that the contribution of PB into OB increases with increase in atomic number of the target atom. This indicates the importance of PB in the formation of BS produced by continuous beta particle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorierung von closo,closo‐[B21H18]– mit aHF und F2 zu closo,closo‐[B21H18–xFx]– (x = 1–3) und closo,closo‐[B21F18]–
Authors: Schlüter Florian , Bernhardt Eduard
Published: January 2012

[B21H18]– reacts with anhydrous HF at 100 °C, depending on the reaction time, to various compounds with the form[7‐F‐B21H17]–, [7, 8′‐F2‐B21H16]–, [7, 8‐F2‐B21H16]–, [7, 8, 9′‐F3‐B21H15]–and [7, 8, 9‐F3‐B21H15]–. [B21F18]– is available by the reaction of [B21H18]– with F2 in aHF. The mentioned borates were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of salts with [B21H18–xFx]–(x = 1–3) were determined.
The effect of tuberculosis on ovarian reserve among women undergoing IVF in India
Authors: Malhotra Neena , Sharma Vaishali , Bahadur Anupama , Sharma Jai B. , Roy Kalol K. , Kumar Sunesh
Published: January 2012

Objective

To assess ovarian reserve in infertile women with genital tuberculosis planning to undergo in vitro fertilization and in women of proven fertility, and compare the findings.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at an outpatient gynecology unit with 104 women with genital tuberculosis and 104 healthy controls. In each group, ovarian reserve tests consisted in estimating serum levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and inhibin B on day 3 of a natural menstrual cycle. On the same day ovarian volume, number of antral follicles, and ovarian stromal blood flow were also estimated.

Results

The mean FSH and LH levels were significantly higher, and the mean inhibin B levels were significantly lower, among the participants with genital tuberculosis than among the controls. Conversely, the mean ovarian volume and the mean number of antral follicles were significantly lower among the participants with genital tuberculosis, as were the mean peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index for each ovary.

Conclusion

There is no single absolute predictor of ovarian reserve, but combining the current assessment methods provides a close estimation of a woman's reproductive capability. Values for the studied markers showed that ovarian reserve was compromised in women with genital tuberculosis.
Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Bahrain from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Rajab Khalil E. , Issa Abdulla A. , Hasan Zuheir A. , Rajab Ebrahim , Jaradat Ahmed A.
Published: January 2012

Objective

To determine the incidence and trends of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Bahrain from 2002 to 2010, and to investigate 2 possible risk factors within the affected population.

Methods

In a retrospective survey, data on maternal body weight and age were collected from women who gave birth in government maternity units in Bahrain and who were screened for GDM during pregnancy using the 2‐step approach and criteria of the US Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes.

Results

Among 49 552 pregnant women, 4982 (10.1%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The Cox–Stuart test for trend analysis suggested that there was an increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes from 7.2% in 2002 to 12.5% in 2010 (P < 0.01). For the period 2006–2010, maternal age, and weight at onset of pregnancy and at time of delivery were positively associated with risk of GDM with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.094 (1.081–1.107), 1.081 (1.001–1.104), and 1.027 (1.013–1.040), respectively.

Conclusion

A combination of increasing maternal weight, maternal age, and incidence of GDM among women in Bahrain indicates a significant future burden on health services.
Dynamics of vorticity defects in stratified shear flow
Authors: Balmforth N. J. , Roy A. , Caulfield C. P.
Published: January 2012

We consider the linear stability and nonlinear evolution of two-dimensional shear flows that take the form of an unstratified plane Couette flow that is seeded with a localized ‘defect’ containing sharp density and vorticity variations. For such flows, matched asymptotic expansions furnish a reduced model that allows a straightforward and computationally efficient exploration of flows at sufficiently high Reynolds and Péclet numbers that sharp density and vorticity gradients persist throughout the onset, growth and saturation of instability. We are thereby able to study the linear and nonlinear dynamics of three canonical variants of stratified shear instability: Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, the Holmboe instability, and the lesser-considered Taylor instability, all of which are often interpreted in terms of the interactions of waves riding on sharp interfaces of density and vorticity. The dynamics near onset is catalogued; if the interfaces are sufficiently sharp, the onset of instability is subcritical, with a nonlinear state existing below the linear instability threshold. Beyond onset, both Holmboe and Taylor instabilities are susceptible to inherently two-dimensional secondary instabilities that lead to wave mergers and wavelength coarsening. Additional two-dimensional secondary instabilities are also found to appear for higher Prandtl numbers that take the form of parasitic Holmboe-like waves.
IV.—Inventories made for Sir William and Sir Thomas Fairfax, Knights, of Walton, and of Gilling Castle, Yorkshire, in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Peacock Edward
Published: January 2012

The Inventories of Household Goods and Farming Stock which I have the honour of laying before the Society of Antiquaries have been copied by me from the original manuscript which is preserved in the library of Nostell Priory. They occupy some of the latter pages of a large folio volume, the earlier leaves of which contain lists of Yorkshire musters taken in the latter years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The volume had probably been purchased by Sir William Fairfax, as it has his initials W. F. on both the covers.
XI.—On the Mural Paintings in All Saints Church, Friskney, Lincolnshire
Authors: Cheales Henry John
Published: January 2012

The Church of All Saints, Friskney (a village on the seacoast of Lincolnshire, four miles south of Wainfleet), is of early date, though the lower part of the tower is the only part of the original Norman church which has survived the many changes made in the fabric. The earliest historical record of it that I have been able to find is by Dugdale and by Tanner, who quote extracts from the Harleian Charters showing that in A.D. 1256, William de Kime made grant …. “cum omnibus terris in Friskenâ” (sometimes spelt Freschena), to endow the priory of Gilbertine monks at Bolynton (or Bullington), founded by Simon de Kime in Stephen's reign, and, together with the land, “omnes patronatus et advocationes ecclesiarum …. de Bolynton et” (here follows a list of villages spread widely over Lincolnshire) “in medietate ecclesiæ de Friskenâ.”
XII.—On some Accounts of the Royal Wardrobe in the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward II
Authors: Milman Henry Salusbury
Published: January 2012

At the meeting of the Society on this day, the Earl of Ashburnham exhibited the MS. Account of the Keeper of the Royal Wardrobe for 28 Edward I. 1299–1300, for comparison with that of the Controller of the Royal Wardrobe for the same year, which has long been in the Society's library, and was printed by them in 1787. The volume exhibited is described in theCatalogue of the Ashburnham MSS.Appendix, 1861, No. cxv. In connection with this exhibition the Director made the following remarks:—

“At the above period of history there were always, as I shall presently show, two concurrent Accounts of the Royal Wardrobe, the Keeper's Account and the Controller's Account, but in no instance but this, so far as I know, have both for the same period survived to our time.

The Keeper's Account before us was acquired by the late Earl of Ashburnham, and, through the courtesy of the present Earl, Fellow of our Society, has been left here for several weeks for our perusal.
XV.—Excavation of an Ancient Burial Ground at Marston St. Lawrence, co. Northampton
Authors: Dryden Henry
Published: January 2012

This Burial Ground is five-and-a-half miles east-north-east of Banbury, a little more than a quarter of a mile north of Marston Hill farm, in the parish of Marston St. Lawrence, and 200 or 300 yards west of the Moreton road. The field was formerly called Bar-furlong, which name may be derived either from Barrow or from Barr, the summit of a hill, as Bardon Hill (Barrdun), the top of the hill, in Leicestershire.
XVI.—On the Carved Bench Ends in All Saints Church, Trull, near Taunton, Somerset; with Remarks, in a Letter from John Thomas Micklethwaite, Esq., F.S.A., to Henry Salusbury Milman, Esq., M.A., Director, and an Historical Note by the Director
Authors: Parker John Henry
Published: January 2012

The Church of All Saints, at Trull, near Taunton, in Somersetshire, consists of a chancel with chapels on either side, a nave with aisles, a south porch, and a tower at the west end of the nave; and the present building, although probably begun in the days of Henry VI., or even earlier, seems not to have been finished before 1560, which date occurs on some of the woodwork of the church. In consequence, if one excepts the tower, the whole building is, in style, Perpendicular. There is no chancel-arch, but a wooden rood-screen with a richly-vaulted overhanging canopy divides the chancel from the nave.
XVII.—On Ibberton Church, Dorsetshire, and the Painted Glass remaining there
Authors: Baigent Francis Joseph
Published: January 2012

In directing your attention to the accompanying drawing I am not unmindful of the enthusiasm with which the late Mr. Charles Winston devoted himself to the study of ancient painted glass, nor the accuracy with which he transferred upon paper the beautiful colouring, character, and artistic merit of innumerable examples. I had the honour of being one of his correspondents, and he not only gave me whatever information I desired but often urged me to give attention to every example of ancient glass-painting I might come across, and to copy as much of it as was practicable. “Every little fragment of painted glass,” he was wont to say, “had its value in the eyes of the student, however insignificant in itself.”
XIX.—Ptolemy's Geography of the British Isles
Authors: Bradley Henry
Published: January 2012

To the Alexandrian Claudius Ptolemy, who flourished about the middle of the second century after Christ, belongs the honour of having achieved the final systematisation of the results of ancient research in the two sciences of astronomy and geography. His treatise on Geography continued to be the standard text-book on its own subject, as his Almagest was the standard text-book on astronomy, until the brilliant discoveries of the fifteenth century called the attention of Europe to their defects.
XXI.—Egyptian Obelisks and European Monoliths compared
Authors: Lukis W. C.
Published: January 2012

In the following pages it is not my intention to describe Egyptian obelisks, respecting which I can say nothing new and striking. My desire is to give some interesting particulars relating to a few rude monoliths of Western Europe, which may not be so well known, and, by comparing them with the monoliths of Egypt, to show that they are worthy the attention of antiquaries, and that a fair conclusion as to their uses may be arrived at.
XXIII.—On Consecration Crosses, with some English examples
Authors: Middleton John Henry
Published: January 2012

The Ceremony of the Consecration of a Church as it was practised shortly before the Norman Conquest is well described in a paper communicated in 1833 by Mr. John Gage, then Director, and printed inArchaeologia, vol. xxv. p. 235. He also gives in full the Consecration Service from an English MS. Pontifical of the eleventh century in the Rouen library.
I. Lord Coningsby's Account of the State of Political Parties during the Reign of Queen Anne
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: January 2012

Among the Lansdowne Manuscripts in the British Museum there is a short Memoir of the State of Political Parties in England from the last year of the reign of William the Third to the death of Queen Anne, written by the Earl of Coningsby (at least so afterwards created), who was throughout engaged in the ministerial divisions of that period, and divisions they were of no ordinary character.
VIII.—Some Additions to the Biographies of Sir John Cheke and Sir Thomas Smith: in a Letter addressed to Charles Henry Cooper, Esq., F.S.A., one of the Authors of the Athenæ Cantabrigienses
Authors: Nichols John Gough
Published: January 2012

Every cultivator of our national biography and literary antiquities must rejoice at the appearance of the first volume of the Athense Cantabrigienses. That a work which was so obviously suggested nearly two centuries ago by the Athense of the sister University, which has been contemplated by so many successive collectors, and for which such large, though imperfect, accumulations have been formed, should, in spite of ever-increasing difficulties, at length greet our view in substantial paper and print, is a victory over old Time of which any generation may fairly be proud; and I therefore cannot be thought to magnify its accomplishment too highly if, on this first public allusion to the work at the Society of Antiquaries, I hail its authors as conquerors who have overtaken the spoiler, and recovered from his grasp some of his most estimable treasures.
XII. On Lake-Dwellings of the Early Periods
Authors: Wylie William Michael
Published: January 2012

Some time has now elapsed since we received the first tidings of the discoveries of very ancient remains in the lakes of Switzerland, which have scarcely obtained the attention really due to their archaeological importance. These accounts were followed by an earnest appeal from the Society of Antiquaries of Zürich, praying our Society to undertake an examination of the lake Prasias, in the hope of verifying the descriptions of Herodotus, with which these discoveries in Switzerland seem closely to correspond.
XIV. Notice of a Portrait of John, King of France. By the Right Hon. Charles Tennyson D'Eyncourt, F.R.S., F S.A. In a letter to J. Y. Akerman, Esq., Secretary
Authors: D'Eyncourt Charles Tennyson
Published: January 2012

The portrait of John, King of France, which is now placed in the Musée des Souverains at Paris, being, I believe, the only picture honoured by such a distinction, has an especial claim to our notice. Not only is it one of the earliest examples of portrait-painting which has been preserved to us, but the history of the monarch whom it represents is so closely interwoven with that of our own country, as to render him a subject of interest to English archaeologists.
XVI. Observations on a MS. Relation of the Proceedings in the last Session of the Parliament holden in the Fourth year of King Charles, A.D. 1628, belonging to the Earl of Verulam
Authors: Bruce John
Published: January 2012

By permission of the Earl of Verulam, conveyed to me through W. J. Thorns Esq., F.S.A., I am enabled to exhibit to the Society a Manuscript from the collection at Gorhambury, which has some peculiar claims upon the attention of historical antiquaries. It is entitled, “A True Relation of the proceedings in the last Session of Parliament houlden in the Fourth year of King Charles, A° Dñi. 1628,” and is a nearly contemporary MS. plainly written upon ninety-two leaves of paper of a small folio size.
XXVII.—On the Examination of a Chambered Long-Barrow at West Kennet, Wiltshire
Authors: Thurnam John
Published: January 2012

The investigation described in the following paper may perhaps throw some light on the nature of those remarkable sepulchral mounds, known as “long barrows,” which as yet remain the crux and problem of the barrow-digger and archæologist. Many of the long barrows of South Wiltshire were examined at the beginning of this century by Mr. Cunnington and Sir Richard Colt Hoare; but with so little return for the pains bestowed on them, that, though Sir Richard was satisfied of their high antiquity, he was utterly at a loss to determine the purpose for which such immense mounds had been raised. In another part of his “Ancient Wiltshire,” he tells us that he and his colleague “had at length given up all researches in them, having for many years in vain looked for that information which might tend to throw some satisfactory light on their history.” In the various long barrows which were opened by these investigators, we find that, with very few exceptions, human skeletons were discovered on the floor of the barrow, at the broad, or east end, “lying in a confused and irregular manner, and generally covered with a pile of stones or flints.” The total absence of bronze weapons, of all personal ornaments, and of urns of pottery, such as were constantly found by them in the circular barrows of the same district, is repeatedly noticed by Sir Richard Hoare, who observes that “their original purport is still involved in obscurity, and a further explanation of them would be a great desideratum.”
XXIX.—On Mural Paintings in Chalgrove Church, Oxfordshire. Communicated through J. H. Parker, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Burges William
Published: January 2012

Were we to believe the general run of antiquaries, the interior of every old building invariably glowed with the richest gold and colour, and every village church was a Sainte Ohapelle, or a St. Stephen's, Westminster. Few, however, appear to have thought of supporting their theory by carefully taking off the whitewash of some of our smaller churches, on the chance of finding a rich polychromy underneath. Of late years the mania for church-restoration has been performing this office, and the old painters are found to have been no less consistent in their profession than were the old architects.
XXII. Extracts from the Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of Wing, in the county of Buckingham. In a Letter addressed by Frederic Ouvry, Esq., Treasurer S.A., to John Payne Collier, Esq., Vice-President
Authors: Ouvry Frederic
Published: January 2012

The parish of Wing, from the accounts of which I purpose to make some extracts, is situated on an elevated ridge overlooking the Vale of Aylesbury; distant some three miles from Leighton Buzzard, nine from Aylesbury, and about the same distance from Tring.
XXV. Remarks upon two Original Deeds relating to Sir Thomas Swinford, the son of Catherine Swinford, who was afterwards the wife of John of Gaunt
Authors: Hunter Joseph
Published: January 2012

I have the pleasure of laying before the Society an Original Deed which makes a trifling addition to the little which is known of Sir Thomas Swinford, the son of Catherine Swinford, whose connection with John of Gaunt, and subsequent marriage to him, make her and her son historical personages of the fifteenth century. It has been found amongst the Evidences of Mr. Wentworth, of Wolley, in Yorkshire.