bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaanálisis del uso de semillas y aceites en la dieta de ovejas y cabras
Authors: Marín Andrés Luis Martínez , Sánchez Nieves Núñez , Sigler Ana Isabel Garzón , Blanco Francisco Peña , García Valeriano Domenech , Ruipérez Fuensanta Hernández
Published: October 2015

Resumen:El objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar el metaanálisis para estudiar los resultados productivos de ovejas y cabras de ordeño, alimentadas con aceites y semillas ricas en ácidos grasos insaturados. Se utilizaron 22 experimentos con ovejas (63 tratamientos) y 21 con cabras (76 tratamientos). El consumo medio de grasa extra fue de 83,6±33,6 g por día en ovejas y 73,4±38,7 g por día en cabras. En ovejas, la grasa extra no afectó al consumo de materia seca, pero aumentó la producción de grasa (de 91,4 a 98,8 g por día) y redujo el contenido proteico (de 5,41 a 5,24%) de la leche. No hubo diferencias en el extracto quesero. En cabras, la inclusión de grasa en la dieta redujo el consumo de materia seca (de 2,13 a 2,08 kg por día) y aumentó el porcentaje de grasa láctea (de 4,11 a 4,43%) y el extracto quesero (de 7,41 a 7,76%). La respuesta productiva de ovejas y cabras al consumo de dietas ricas en ácidos grasos insaturados es diferente. Sin embargo, el valor comercial de la leche no se ve afectado, debido a la ausencia de efectos negativos sobre el extracto quesero en ambas especies.
Sentence production in rehabilitation of agrammatism: A case study
Authors: Silagi Marcela Lima , Hirata Fernanda Naito , Mendonça Lúcia Iracema Zanotto de
Published: October 2015

Agrammatism is characterized by morphosyntactic deficits in production of sentences. Studies dealing with the treatment of these deficits are scarce and their results controversial. The present study describes the rehabilitation of a case diagnosed as chronic Broca's aphasia, with agrammatism, using a method directed to sentence structural deficits. The method aims to expand the grammatical repertoire by training production of sentences with support from contexts that stimulate actions and dialogues. The patient showed positive results on all types of sentences trained and generalized the gains to spontaneous speech. However, these benefits were not sustained in the long term.
The 3D Facial Norms Database: Part 1. A Web-Based Craniofacial Anthropometric and Image Repository for the Clinical and Research Community
Authors: Weinberg Seth M. , Raffensperger Zachary D. , Kesterke Matthew J. , Heike Carrie L. , Cunningham Michael L. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Kau Chung How , Murray Jeffrey C. , Wehby George L. , Moreno Lina M. , Marazita Mary L.
Published: October 2015

With the current widespread use of three-dimensional (3D) facial surface imaging in clinical and research environments, there is a growing demand for high-quality craniofacial norms based on 3D imaging technology. The principal goal of the 3D Facial Norms (3DFN) project was to create an interactive, Web-based repository of 3D facial images and measurements. Unlike other repositories, users can gain access to both summary-level statistics and individual-level data, including 3D facial landmark coordinates, 3D-derived anthropometric measurements, 3D facial surface images, and genotypes from every individual in the dataset. The 3DFN database currently consists of 2454 male and female participants ranging in age from 3 to 40 years. The subjects were recruited at four US sites and screened for a history of craniofacial conditions. The goal of this article is to introduce readers to the 3DFN repository by providing a general overview of the project, explaining the rationale behind the creation of the database, and describing the methods used to collect the data. Sex- and age-specific summary statistics (means and standard deviations) and growth curves for every anthropometric measurement in the 3DFN dataset are provided as a supplement available online. These summary statistics and growth curves can aid clinicians in the assessment of craniofacial dysmorphology.
Analysis of complicated outcomes in burns in children
Authors: Afonichev Konstantin Aleksandrovich , Filippova Olga Vasilievna
Published: October 2015

This article analyzed the long-term results of the treatment of children who have undergone thermal injury and explored the main reasons for the unsatisfactory results of the treatment, which resulted in significant functional limitations that led to medical help for re-treatment. The investigation indicates the most important principles of surgical and conservative treatment and attempts to understand which factors led to the appearance, progression, or recurrence of a deformity.
Bruck syndrome: a case report
Authors: Buklaev Dmitry Stepanovich , Kostik Mikhail Mikhailovich , Agranovich Olga Evgenievna , Trofimova Svetlana Ivanovna
Published: October 2015

The article describes the clinical case of an infant with Bruck syndrome. The clinical and radiological analyses showed the presence of systemic osteoporosis with pathological fractures; contractures of the elbow, knee, and ankle joints; delay of physical and motor development; and signs of hypoplasia in some of the muscle groups. There was also a right-sided congenital muscular torticollis. X-ray analysis revealed a moderate antecurvation deformity of the lower legs and femurs, with cortical thinning. Laboratory data detected an abnormal beta-cross lap increase.Treatment of osteoporosis by inhibitors of osteoclastic resorption (pamidronate) had a positive effect, and the elimination of flexion contractures at the elbow using plaster bandages with the distraction device also resulted in a positive effect.
Kyphosis in patients with cerebral palsy: causes of its development and correctional possibilities (literature review)
Authors: Umnov Valery Vladimirovich
Published: October 2015

In this article, the literature pertaining to the treatment of kyphosis in patients with cerebral palsy was reviewed. Among the most common causes of kyphosis is the connection with pathological reflexes of newborns and infants with cerebral palsy, the presence of a hamstring syndrome, as well as weaknesses of the extensor muscles of the trunk. Attention is paid to a fundamental decrease in the quality of life of patients if they have pronounced kyphosis. Among the treatments, different variants of corsets are used, but the effectiveness of this method of treatment is low. It is notable that in some adolescent patients, they develop a fixed deformity that was successfully corrected and stabilized with spinal surgery. Therefore, a variety of techniques and devices for fixation have been used
Dysfunction in the hip joints in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome (literature review)
Authors: Pozdnikin Ivan Yurievich
Published: October 2015

A review of the literature on the treatment of children with dysfunction in the hip joints in motor-sensory neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth is presented. Peculiarities of disease diagnosis and the approach used in the treatment of patients are described. The Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome is a hereditary neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive atrophy of the distal muscle group of the lower limbs. According to international authors, the incidence of hip joint dysfunction in this condition is at least 10%, ranking second only to foot deformities. In the Russian literature, the problem has not been adequately interpreted. Early diagnosis of dysfunction in the hip joints during Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome is complicated by the child's age and is characterized by progression. Conflicting clinical signs and trivial symptoms of the disease also confuse diagnosis, until it becomes clearer in adolescence or the second or third decade of life. Surgical reconstructive operations on the hip joint often occur too late, and they are accompanied by a greater frequency of neurological complications. Practitioner awareness coupled with an early diagnosis of hip subluxation and decentration and complex orthopedic and neurological examinations of children with the disease of Charcot-Marie-Tooth should result in more favorable outcomes.
PROGNOSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL FEATURES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYLREPLACED THIO(AMINO)ALKYLPHENOLS
Authors: Terakh Elena Igorevna , Prosenko Alexandr Yvgenyevich
Published: October 2015

The calculation of physicochemical parameters and biological activities has been conducted for 11 2,6-di-tert-butylreplaced thio(amino)alkylphenols by means of computer programs ALOGPS, GUSAR and PASS. It is shown that phenols are characterized by their lower water solubility, higher lipophilicity, they are weak and middle toxic substances (4th and 5th danger class), they possess neither mutagenic nor teratogenic effect. The thio(amino)alkylphenols biological activity estimation indicated that they can be considered as potential means for treatment of free radical pathologies. The gained results of the prognosis open wide medical and biological potentials of thio(amino)alkylphenols and may serve as a theoretical base for planning further experimental re-searches in biological systems.
STRESS-INDUCED BRAIN DAMAGES
Authors: Khnychenko Ludmila Konstantinovna
Published: October 2015

The review represents recent data devoted to pathogenesis of the brain ischemia and pharmacological ways to correct metabolic shifts in the cerebral blood flow disorders.
FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY OF BRAIN HEMISPHERES IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Authors: Novikova Galina Albertovna , Solovyev Andrey Gorgonyevich
Published: October 2015

With the goal to study peculiarities of functional asymmetry of the brain hemispheres in alcohol dependence, there has been done an analysis of current research data from Russian and foreign studies. It has been shown that alcohol is a neurochemical modulator of interhemispheric relations, it affects functional asymmetry of the brain hemispheres, perception processes, changes emotional background, influences motor asymmetry, the brain cortex functional activity. Alcohol intoxication is described by the right hemisphere lateralization and a laterodeviation of the brain hemispheres’ functional asymmetry to the left hemisphere. Studies of adolescents with beer alcoholization have shown left sided laterodeviation of functional asymmetry with dominating left-sided lateralization of motor signs, increased delta activity of the brain biorhythms. The received data indicate a substantial breach of functional asymmetry in alcohol users, in what connection the breach involve the motor and sensory levels.
Clinical pharmacology of cartilageprotectors
Authors: Rodichkin Pavel Vasilyevich , Shalamanov Nikolay Sergeyevich
Published: October 2015

Cartilage protectors improve a cartilage metabolism, reduce or interrupt its destruction and render partial anti-inflammatory effect. Not only the preparations which are the structural analogues of the such cartilaginous tissue principal components as glycosaminoglycans (proteoglycans), but also other preparations of vegetative or animal origin having an impact on cartilage metabolism and proteolytic enzyme activity. Nutrients intake and metabolites excretion are achieved with joint movement with direct involvement of synovial fluid. For achievement of the highest therapeutic effect it must be borne in mind doses of preparations and to practice regular physical exercises. Methods of manual therapy and electroneurostimulation are effectively applied to restoration of the movement pattern lost as a result of disease.
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ANTIHYPOXANTS AND THEIR CLINICAL USE
Authors: Levchenkova Olga Sergeyevna , Novikov Vasiliy Egorovich , Pozhilova Yelena Vasilyevna
Published: October 2015

The modern conception of pharmacodynamics of main groups of antihypoxants is reviewed in the article. The mechanisms of action of antihypoxants with direct and indirect action are considered on the basis of literature data and own experimental results. Issues of efficiency and perspectives of clinical use of drugs with antihypoxic action are discussed.
Production of emulsion crème from the Izabella grape seeds and the study of its pharmacocosmetological properties
Authors: Kerimova Z K , Alieva K. Y.
Published: October 2015

Using the method of polyfraction extraction, the oil, spiritus and water extractions from the Izabella grape seeds were received by means of hexane taking out, the emulsion crème of the water/oil type on that base was developed. The treatment effect of emulsion crème on the thermic and chemical burnings was determined in the experiment. During the primary cosmetology trial the emulsion crème was effective for removal and prevention of wrincklies.
Methodological approaches to determination of alcohol-related mortality in Russia and abroad
Authors: Solovyev Andrey Gorgonyevich , Vyazmin A M , Mordovskiy E. A.
Published: October 2015

The main methodological approaches to determination of alchol-related mortality (ARM), or alcohol-attributable mortality in Russia and abroad are revewed in the article. The characteristics of ARM as a phenomenon with complex internal structure have been done. The all alone conception of ARM as well as a number of its components are absent at the present time. The main methodological problems of identification of ARM in Russia and abroad are analyzed. The role of alcohol drinking pattern and dangerous influence of ethanol on human health are determined but only partially. The differences in determination of ARM in Russia and abroad have been revealed. The epidemiological approaches for determination of ARM without official statistics have got a number of objective reasons, e.g. first of all nonpossibility to determine all cases of mortality from alcohol-releted states registered by national services of statistics and low significance of primary medical documentation.
Thermoexchange of different regions of the human body with environment
Authors: Luchakov Yuriy Ivanovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The literature and proper data concerning evaluation of thermoproduction and thermoutput of different regions of the human body are analyzed in the article. The human thermoexchange with environment was assessed in human beings weighing 69–73 kg in special thermocamera. The organism was shown to change temperature of the body tissues in definite limits only by means of thermotransfer without changing thermoproduction and thermoutput. This mechanism can explain the phenomenon of subfebrile temperature in various human diseases.
Influence of metaprot and hypoxen on the inflammatory reaction development in the experiment
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy Yegorovich , Ilyukhin Sergey Alekseyevich , Pozhilova Yelena Vasilyevna
Published: October 2015

The dynamics of the acute inflammatory response was observed in the experiment modeling caragenin-induced rat paw inflammation. The changes in the volume of damaged limb (paw edema) and indices of free radical oxidation were registered. Acetylsalicylic acid in the dose of 100 mg/kg was shown to reduce the development of inflammation. Hypoxen and metaprot in the dose of 50 mg/kg have got low anti-inflammatory activity, but potentiated the effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Simultaneous enteral administration of hypoxen and metaprot with the acetylsalicylic acid during the treatment with caragenin the powerful anti-inflammatory effect was marked, it was presented with a significant decrease in the parameters of inflammation recorded and rapid recovery of the damaged limb. The combination of hypoxen with acetylsalicylic acid was the most effective one.
HYPOTHERMIC EFFECT OF ANTIHYPOXANTS πQ1983 AND πQ2170
Authors: Sosin Denis Vladimirovich , Yevseyev Andrey Viktorovich , Parfenov Edgar Andreyevich , Pravdivtsev Vitaliy Andreyevich , Yevseyeva Marina Anatolyevna , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

In experiments on mice the influence of the new antihypoxants (selenium containing metal complex substances πQ1983, πQ2170) on rectal temperature level dynamic after parenteral and enteral introductions was studied. It is established that both substances perform clear dose-dependent hypothermic effect exceeding an action of the antihypoxant amthizole. Was supposed that substance πQ2170 has high acute toxicity affirmed by significant mice death-rate.
Endothelial dysfunction and aspectsof pharmacological correction in patientswith primary developed ischemic stroke
Authors: Malygin Aleksandr Yuryevich , Khokhlov Aleksandr Leonidovich
Published: October 2015

The aim of the paper was to assess mortality, frequency of repeated cardiovascular events, neurological deficit dynamics and endothelial dysfunction in patients with primary determined ischemic stroke after treatment with simvastatin 40 mg in acute period of disease. Prescription of simvastatin 40 mg to patients in acute period of ischemic stroke accompanied by neuroprotective and antihypertensive therapy decreased a number of repeated cardiovascular events, positive dynamics of neurological status and regress of endothelial dysfunction appearance.
Comparative efficacy of toothpastescontaining sodium lauryl sulfate and lecithin
Authors: Antonova Irina Nikolayevna , Grishin Vladimir Vladimirovich , Ignatov Yuriy Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

In the article the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate, and lecithin on the enamel of the tooth and the comparative analysis of efficiency of use of toothpaste with lecithin and other components similar to toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate, which is significantly more efficient pasta with lecithin. In addition to significant improvements in dental index, pasta with lecithin showed bleaching properties of the enamel of the tooth and the ability to gradually remove tartar.
Pathology of pain, and a role of differentmethods for pain syndrome treatment
Authors: Davydov Aleksey Trofimovich , Tyukavin Aleksandr Ivanovich , Antonov Maksim Mikhaylovich , Kononchuk Vitaliy Vitalyevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The different modern aspects of pain pathology and clinical use of various methods for pain syndrome treatment in medical practice are reviewed in the article. The main medicinal and nonmedicinal methods of pain therapy are observed from the point of their clinical efficacy. Ref. 76.
Axiolytics usage in complex treatmentof adaptation disorders in the former contract military officers
Authors: Davydov Aleksey Trofimovich , Zagrebelnyy Igor Andreyevich , Kononchuk Vitaliy Vitalyevich , Tyukavin Aleksandr Ivanovich , Savchenko Igor Fedorovich , Rezvantsev Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: October 2015

The literature and own data on anxiolytics usage in complex treatment of adaptation disorders in the former contract military officers are reviewed in the article. The analysis of therapeutic efficacy for afobazol and phenibut can recommend them for treatment of adaptation disorders in the former contract military officers.
Neurobiological mechanisms of depressive disorders and their pharmacotherapy
Authors: Yakovleva Yekaterina Yevgenyevna , Khnychenko Lyudmila Konstantinovna , Losev Nikolay Andreyevich
Published: October 2015

The neurobiological mechanisms of depressive disorders, concerning the role of biochemical changes in cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and other neurohumoral systems in the development of depression are reviewed. The modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders, with special accent on cholinergic drugs usage for treatment of depression are discussed in details.
Neurobiological mechanisms of the rewars and punishment systems in the brain afteractivation of nucleus accumbens
Authors: Sheveleva Mariya Vladimirovna , Lebedev Andrey Andreyevich , Roik Roman Olegovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The review devoted to neurobiological mechanisms of both positive and negative reinforcement is represented. The key role in these processes plays the nucleus accumbens as a part of the extended amygdala system. The afferent and efferent connections of the n.accumbens, starting mechanisms of the n.accumbens involvement in emotional reactions, interactions between n.accumbens and other structures of the extended amygdala system, and neurochemical organization of the n.accumbens and all system of reinforcement are discussed in the article. The special attention is taken to the n.accumbens participation in addictive behavior.
THE HEART PRELOAD AND AFTERLOAD INTERACTION AND RR INTERVALS UNDER HARD NORMOBARICHYPOXIA EXPOSURE IN HEALTHY YOUNG PERSONS
Authors: Radchenko Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Borisenko N. S. , Kalinichenko A. I. , Rodionova Yu Yu , Korolev Yuriy Nikolayevich , Golubev Viktor Nikolayevich , Churganov O A
Published: October 2015

The study wThe left ventricular end diastolic pressure (EDP) fluctuations, specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPR) and cardiointervals (RR) on the respiration frequency under hard normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.1) were studied. 7 young men (volunteers) were subject to series of hard hypoxic exposures (6 weeks, every other day, intermittently by 6 × 5 min – FIO2 = 0.1). The hypoxic tests (HT1 and HT2) – FIO2 = 0.1, 15 min continuously) were performed before and after each series. SаO2 at the last 3 m of the tests on average was 82.5 % and 92.0 % respectively (Р < 0.05). During HT1 and HT2 (in comparison with inactivity) were increased: angle of max QRS vector (VQRS) in the frontal plain (68.5° ± 16.68 and 72.94° ± 15.32; 69.62° ± 22.4 and 74.45° ± 17.98 respectively), minutes blood flow (MBF) (6.41 ± 1.98 l/min and 6.87 ± 1.27 l/min; 5,27 ± 1,02 l/min and 5.67 ± 1.19 l/min respectively) (Р < 0.05). SPR was decreased too (27.39 ± 5.45 s.u. and 25.62 ± 4.96 s.u.; 30.59 ± 6.34 s.u. and 27.93 ± 5.77 s.u. respectively) (Р < 0.05). By means of transfer function analysis was shown that EDP fluctuations at HT2 significantly outpace by time (phase) the SPR and RR fluctuations on the respiration frequency (1.19 s ± 0.64 and 1.99 s ± 0.63 or 94.39° ± 43.3 and 125.4° ± 7.54; 1.65 s ± 1.28 and 2.22 s ± 0.87 or 101.4° ± 59.6 and 152.7° ± 21.26 respectively) (Р < 0.05). The increased oxyhemoglobin saturation is a trigger of artery wall smooth muscle relaxation mechanisms and this one is changes the background for beat to beat baroreflex realization on the respiration frequency.
ADAPTOGENS AND RELATED GROUPS OF DRUGS - 50 YEARS OF SEARCHING
Authors: Studentsov Yevgeniy Pavlovich , Ramsh Stanislav Mikhaylovich , Kazurova Nataliya Grigoryevna , Neporozhneva Olga Vladimirovna , Garabadzhiu Aleksandr Vasilyevich , Kochina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Voronkov Mikhail Grigoryevich , Kuznetsov Viktor Anatolyevich , Krivorotov Denis Viktorovich
Published: October 2015

This review takes an indepth look at adaptogens (compounds that increase the body's protective resources) and related pharmacological groups of drugs: immunomodulators, actoprotectors, antihypoxants, antioxidants, radioprotective and radiosensitizer compounds. The mechanisms and biochemical characteristics of drug action of these medical substances are discussed in relation to their structure. Bibliography: 212 references.
Pharmacology of trekrezan, a new immune modulator and adaptogenic
Authors: Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich , Zarubina Irina Viktorovna , Mokrenko Eugenii Viktorovich
Published: October 2015

The analysis of literatural and proper experimental data on toxicology and pharmacology of trekrezan, a new synthetic immune modulator and adaptogenic, is reviewed. The data on acute and chronic toxicity as well as phamacodynamic effects of trekrezan and molecular mechanisms of its action are observed. The main attention is paid to study adaptogenic, immune stimulating and anti-inflammatory properties of trekrezan (effect on cell and humoral immunity, phagocytosis, interferonogenesis). The special part describes the influence of trekrezan and combination on its basis (with polyoxidonium, metaprot) on structural, metabolic and immunological changes in the lung and blood lymphocytes of rats in acune bronchopulmonary inflammation, experimental prostatitis and gingivitis. In conclusion, a schedule illustrating connections between pharmacodynamic effects and systemic and molecular mechanisms is analysed.
Structure, functions of p-glycoprotein and its role in rational pharmacotherapy
Authors: Yakusheva Elena Nikolaevna , Shulkin Aleksey Vladimirovich , Popova Natal’ya Mikhaylovna , Chernyh Ivan Vladimirovich , Titov Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: October 2015

In the review of literature, the structure and functions of P-glycoprotein are characterized, features of its substrates, inductors and inhibitors and possibility of forecasting of belonging to them new medicinal substances are described, molecular mechanisms of activity changes of the transporter under the influence of various factors are presented.
The regulatory role of mitochondrial pora and the possibility of its pharmacological modulation
Authors: Pozhilova Yelena Vasilyevna , Novikov Vasiliy Egorovich , Levchenkova Olga Sergeevna
Published: October 2015

The review is devoted to the role of mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent pore (mPTP) in the regulation of metabolic processes in cells under physiological and pathological conditions. The mechanisms of reperfusion injury in the postischemic period involving mPTP are discussed in the paper. The possibilities of pharmacological regulation of metabolic and functional processes in cells by target action on mPTP work are assessed. This approach allows to regulate key cell functions, stimulating either mechanisms of adaptation and survival in extreme conditions or apoptosis. Pharmacological modulators of the mitochondrial pore as drugs have promising value for treatment of ischemic diseases as well as tumor therapy.
Influence of hypoxen on the data changing of lipid metabolsim in the experimantal dislipoproteinemia
Authors: Okunevich Irina Viktorovna , Khnychenko Lyudmila Konstantinovna , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The hypolipidemic efficiency of antihypoxant hypoxen in the experimantal conditions of alimantary dislipoproteinemia (DLP) in rats and guinea pigs in comparison with lipid-lowering drugs gemfibrozyl and probucol in doclinic investigation was studied. The alimantary models of DLP were created by feeding of rats and guinea pigs of hypercholesterol diet (rich content of food cholesterol, the plant and animal lipids, vitamin D2) during 30 days. The concentration of lipid oxidative products in serum and indicators of lipid metabolism (content of TCh, TG, HDL-Ch) in blood and liver were analysed. The calculation of cholesterol index of atherogenity was used. It was shown that hypoxen in dose 50 mg/kg per os had been decreased the concentration of lipid oxidative products in serum and revealed the pronouced lipid-lowering effect in blood and liver of aninals. The hypolipidemic efficiency of hypoxen was in the proximity of gemfibrozyl and probucol. The experimantal results have been shown the possibility of practic using of this active antihypoxant. Hypoxen seemingly to be useful as a hypolipidemic drug in the complex therapy of cardiovascular and atherosclerosis associated diseaseis.
Changes in neuronal ionic currents after extracellular and intracellular administration of afobazol and bupivacaine
Authors: Vislobokov Anatoliy Ivanovich , Melnikov Konstantin Nikolayevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The action of anxiolytic afobazol (2-mercaptobenzimidazolum derivative) in concentration 1 mM and local anesthetic bupivacaine in concentrations 0,5-1 mM on ionic currents of isolated neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus was studied. The method of intracellular dialysis was used in the experiment. Afobazol and bupivacaine after intracellular administration was shown not to possess their inhibition effect of ionic currents, typical for extracellular administration of drugs. It is suggested that pharmacological targets or bindind sits for these drugs are located on external surface of neuronal membrane.
Role of reactive oxygen species in cell physiology and pathology and their pharmacological regulation
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy Egorovich , Levchenkova Olga Sergeevna , Pozhilova Yelena Vasilyevna
Published: October 2015

This review is devoted to analysis of modern scientific investigations about role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in physiology and pathophysiology of cell. Key issues of ROS generation, their function in signaling pathways, role in the cellular pathology, functioning of antioxidant system are discussed in the paper. The review also summarizes literature data about possibility of pharmacological regulation of the activity of free radical oxidation reactions, which have practical value for effective pharmacotherapy of diseases in pathogenesis of which destructive action of ROS is present.
Redox regulation as a platform for search and design of new type drugs. Search of gastroprotectors among sunstituted coumarins
Authors: Parfenov Edgar Andreevich , Trapkov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

Redox homeostasis controls most or all processes of normal and pathological physiology. Important position in the defence mechanisms are redox active metabolites As a robust platform for the development of new effective drugs is not screened, but directed the design and search for low molecular weight metabolites natural redox active compounds. This statement confirms the synthesis and study of new gastroprotektors of complex compounds of copper and zinc with coumarin ligands. On the model of acute ethanol rat gastric ulcer shown that preprocessing all tested complex compounds in equimolar doses of 0.15 mmol/kg leads to a considerable reduction in the size of the damage to the wall of the stomach, compared to control, and sucralfat (for 72,5-87,9 %, sucralfat - 52,3%).
Kisspeptins in physiology and pathology of sex development - new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Nikitina Irina Leorovna , Bayramov Alekber Azizovich , Khoduleva Yuliya Nikolaevna , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The article is dedicated to mechanisms of the human reproductive system development mechanisms. The evolution of the opinions on that processes was analysed. The review of modern knowledge of molecular and genetic causes of sex development, new mechanisms of gonadal axis regulation and role of kisspeptins in pubertat start and sexual differentiation of the brain are presented. The new actual directions of scientific research as well as the applications of kisspeptin drugs for new therapeutic approaches, treatment of hormone-dependent diseases and abnormalities of sex developmentare are observed.
Influence of the new tiazoloindole derivative on the organism resistance to hypoxia in the early and late periods of preconditioning
Authors: Levchenkova Olga Sergeevna , Novikov Vasiliy Egorovich , Marysheva Vera Vasil'yevna
Published: October 2015

The aim of this investigation was to study an ability of tiazoloindole derivative encoded VM-606 to influence the lifespan of mice in experimental acute hypoxia with hypercapnia and hypobaric hypoxia in early and late phase of preconditioning. It was found that the use of VM- 606 in dose of 50 mg/kg leads to significant increase in the duration of animal life in case of subsequent acute hypoxia in early phase of preconditioning, but doesn’t produce effect in the late phase of preconditioning.
Identification and Functional Characterization of von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J ,   Professor, Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales
Published: October 2015

The identification and functional characterization of von Willebrand disease (VWD) is challenging due to clinical uncertainty and limitations in test processes and panels used by laboratories, and because the classification scheme does not always permit unequivocal assignment of subtype. This article reviews contemporary alternatives to classic diagnostic approaches, including the incorporation of extended core test panels inclusive of the collagen-binding assay, and the potential for desmopressin (DDAVP) challenges not only to provide therapeutic information but also to assist the better characterization of individuals with defects or deficiencies in von Willebrand factor (VWF). Supplementary assays such as the PFA-100® and the VWF propeptide assay following DDAVP challenge are also worth considering.
Appropriate Use of Vena Cava Filters
Authors: Green David ,   Emeritus Professor of Medicine, and Member, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
Published: October 2015

Vena cava filters are potentially life-saving devices that are used to prevent embolization of thrombi that develop in the veins of the lower extremities and pelvis. Temporary filters are indicated for at-risk patients with contraindications to anticoagulation and to prevent pulmonary emboli from occurring during thrombolytic therapy for lower-extremity or pelvic deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Permanent filters are placed in those patients with a continuing risk for embolization not able to receive, or who have failed, anticoagulant therapy. While a randomized, controlled trial showed that filters decreased the frequency of new emboli in cancer patients with DVT, their use was associated with an increase in new DVT, and there was no survival benefit. Successful filter placement requires expertise, is not always effective, and is expensive. In conclusion, filters are indicated in acute conditions when the risk for major hemorrhage obviates the use of full-dose anticoagulation. However, filters should be removed and anticoagulation initiated as soon as the risk for serious bleeding has subsided.
Capturing Alloreactivity in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cook Gordon ,   Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Programme, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, and Consultant Haematologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Leeds
Published: October 2015

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has been utilized in the management of both malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders for several decades and has established its role in producing long-term remissions. In the context of multiple myeloma (MM), compared with conventional therapies alloSCT induces the highest rate of remissions, resulting in long-term disease-free survival in over 30% of patients. However, it is associated with the highest rate of treatment-related mortality of all the interventions for MM. Following the introduction of new biological agents for the management of MM, the question of what role alloSCT has in MM is raised. This article aims to review where we are with alloSCT in MM, drawing from our experience thus far to plan the future role of alloSCT if we are to capitalize on a potential donor antimyeloma immune therapeutic effect.
Malignancy Following Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Punnett Angela Susanne ,   Staff Oncologist, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, SickKids, Toronto, and Assistant Professor of Paediatrics, University of Toronto
Published: October 2015

There is a growing appreciation of the increased risk for malignancy following solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as the survival of these patient populations increases overall. The risk for malignancy is related to a complex interaction of type, degree, and duration of immunosuppression, viral status, and recipient age. Most of the malignancies documented are common in the general population but occur with increasing incidence and have significant implications for post-transplant surveillance. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is specific to the transplant population and remains a treatment challenge. The development of novel immunosuppressive agents, the use of individualized immunosuppressive regimens, and collaborative therapeutic trials are necessary to advance clinical care for these patients. This article will review the current issues around malignancy in the post-transplant patient population.
Rhesus Gene Family and Blood Group Antigens—Molecular Aspects in Relation to Genomic Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Huang Cheng-Han ,   Head, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center
Published: October 2015

The Rhesus (Rh) antigens form a blood group system of major significance in transfusion medicine due to their polymorphic nature at a population level and their potency as protein immunogens, which in response to incompatibility induce harmful hemolytic reactions. For seven decades, the Rh family has undergone extensive investigation and has served as a model for studies on membrane biology with a focus on biochemistry and genetics. The past decade has seen a rapid growth of molecular data on Rh allelic diversity and a major effort in probing the function of Rh proteins as gas channels in the membrane. It is now established that the antigen carrier RhD or RhCE and its regulator RhAG, the erythroid branches of the Rh family, dictate antigen expression, which together with RhBG and RhCG, the epithelial branches of the Rh family, penetrate all vertebrate animals and arise from a common ancestor of unicellular origin. Hematology and immunohematology, similar to other clinical disciplines, are on the horizon of genomic medicine, being transformed by the new knowledge of chromosome biology and gene expression. This article addresses the molecular aspects of the Rh protein family with an emphasis on its blood group system, relating translation research to genomic transfusion medicine.
Overview of Current Treatment Regimens in Iron Chelation Therapy
Authors: Shander Aryeh , Sweeney Joseph D ,   Chief, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center,   Director, Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation, Rhode Island Hospital and the Miriam Hospital Transfusion Service, Providence
Published: October 2015

As humans have no physiological mechanism for the elimination of excess body iron, chronic red blood cell transfusion therapy, which is necessary for the treatment of a number of transfusion-dependent anemias, inevitably results in iron overload. Cumulative iron overload can lead to iron toxicity with organ dysfunction and damage, particularly affecting the liver and heart. Once iron overload has been identified in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias, it should be treated with chelation therapy to prevent and limit iron toxicity. Iron chelation with deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox has been demonstrated to reduce iron burden and the associated risk for morbidity and mortality from iron toxicity; however, there are important differences among these iron chelators.
Should Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Undergo Iron Chelation Therapy? New Data Answering the Question
Authors: Goldberg Stuart L ,   Chief, Division of Leukemia, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, and Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Published: October 2015

Although it is well established that transfusional iron overload leads to organ impairment and shortened survival among children with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, the role of transfusional iron overload and its treatment among older individuals with the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains unclear. Recent reviews have noted that MDS patients requiring frequent red blood cell transfusions experience higher rates of cardiac, hepatic, endocrine, and other organ damage in patterns similar to pediatric transfusional hemochromatosis, with increased rates of transformation to leukemia and decreased survival. Through the use of prognostic scoring systems such as the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS), MDS patients with projected survivals long enough to warrant concern about the toxicities of iron overload can be identified and iron chelation therapies can be considered. The results of two large prospective trials among transfusion-dependent MDS patients, US03 and EPIC, have demonstrated that the oral iron chelation agent deferasirox can successfully reduce iron content and has an acceptable safety profile in this elderly population. Furthermore, retrospective trials have suggested that iron chelation therapy may prolong survival in MDS, and prospective trials are being planned. This article will highlight some of these issues.
Efficacy and Safety of Deferasirox
Authors: Cappellini Maria Domenica , Zanaboni Laura ,   Professor, Internal Medicine,   Chair, Systematics Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan
Published: October 2015

Deferasirox represents a new class of once-daily iron chelators. It was first licensed in 2005 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions. These approvals were based on data from the core program of one-year clinical trials, which involved more than 1,000 patients in what is the largest and most rigorous prospective clinical evaluation of any iron-chelating agent to date. Deferasirox has been studied in adults and children with a wide range of conditions, including β-thalassemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and sickle cell disease. Recent data have highlighted the importance of timely deferasirox dose adjustments and described the efficacy and safety of deferasirox at doses >30mg/kg/day. The pharmacokinetic profile of deferasirox across all age groups shows it to be well absorbed, with a mean elimination half-life of eight to 16 hours that supports once-daily dosing. In clinical trials, deferasirox has demonstrated consistent dose-dependent efficacy, producing sustained reductions in serum ferritin, labile plasma iron, and cardiac iron load. The safety profile of deferasirox presents mostly as mild adverse events (primarily gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rash, and increases in serum creatinine) that resolve rapidly with no reports of progressive renal, hepatic, or bone marrow effects. This adverse event profile is seen to be manageable with appropriate clinical monitoring. Data from the extension phases of these studies are beginning to accumulate, with experience of up to seven years of deferasirox therapy now available. Deferasirox represents a significant development in the treatment of iron overload and has further potential applications.
The Management of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria—Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment, and New Hope for Patients
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert , Höchsmann Britta ,   Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, and Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen,   Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, and Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen
Published: October 2015

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare life-threatening and debilitating disorder of hematopoiesis. It is characterized by the clinical triad of Coombs-negative acquired extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia, thrombophilia, and bone marrow failure. The sequelae of intravascular hemolysis drastically affect the quality of life of patients. Cytopenia and in particular thrombophilia can cause life-threatening complications. Thromboembolic events are the major cause of death. The only curative treatment for PNH is allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a related or unrelated stem cell donor. Recent reports demonstrated favorable outcomes. Other treatments were generally supportive in nature. Recently, eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits complement factor C5, was approved. It is a targeted, disease-modifying treatment of PNH. This article will summarize major advances in the management of PNH during the last year, and in particular will discuss new results of eculizumab, treatment of thrombosis, and stem cell transplantation. Given the new advances there is hope for improved survival of these patients.
Partial Splenectomy for Hereditary Spherocytosis—What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?
Authors: Tracy Elisabeth T , Rice Henry E ,   Senior Resident, General Surgery,   Paul H Sherman Associate Professor, and Division Chief, Pediatric Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
Published: October 2015

Partial splenectomy is an alternative to total splenctomy for the treatment of children with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and other congenital hemolytic anemias. Total splenectomy effectively controls the symptoms of the disease, but places children at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis (OPSI), as well as other severe complications. A growing body of data suggests that partial splenectomy provides acceptable hematological outcomes compared with total splenectomy while preserving splenic function. In this article we briefly review the rationale for partial splenectomy, parameters to evaluate splenic function, and recent clinical data on outcomes after partial splenectomy. Although many questions remain regarding the role of partial splenectomy, it may be a promising alternative to total splenectomy in children with HS and other congential hemolytic anemias.
Adverse events among patients of multi drug resistant tuberculosis receiving second line anti TB treatment
Authors: Rathod Kishor B. , Borkar Mangala S. , Lamb Avinash R. , Suryavanshi Sanjay L. , Surwade Gajanan A. , Pandey Vimlesh R.
Published: October 2015

Background: As per WHO’s “Global Tuberculosis Report, 2012”, India accounts for an estimated 64000 patients out of 310000 cases of drug resistant TB estimated to have occurred amongst the notified cases of TB across the globe in a year.  MDR-TB is a man-made phenomenon– poor treatment; poor drugs, poor adherence lead to the development of MDR-TB.  Treatment of MDR-TB is difficult, much costlier, challenging and needs experience and skills. Reserve drugs are frequently associated with high rates of unacceptable adverse drug reactions, needing change of regimen. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor and treat adverse drug reactions.

Methods: The present prospective observational study was carried out at Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Centre at Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, to monitor patients for early detection of adverse events after starting treatment till the patients were admitted and later followed up personally or telephonically at regular intervals.

Results: We observed adverse drug reactions among 90/265 (33.96 %) patients of whom 90/265 (33.96 %) had gastro intestinal ADRs, followed by ototoxicity 15/265 (5.66%), psychiatric manifestations 14/265 (5.28%), injection site pain swelling 13/265 (4.90%), arthralgia 11/265 (4.15%), dermatological ADRs 7/265 (2.64%), peripheral neuropathy 5/265 (1.88%), renal dysfunction 3/265 (1.13%), change of therapy was only required in 13 psychiatric and 12 ototoxic ADRs.

Conclusions: ADRs are more common in MDR TB patients on second line anti tubercular treatment. Good counseling, spacing drugs, high protein diet helps patients to tolerate therapy better and default rate to drop.
INTEGRAÇÃO DE DADOS MULTIFONTES PARA MAPEAMENTOS TEMÁTICOS
Authors: Moreira Maria Luiza Osório , Medeiros Levindo Cardoso , Costa Heitor Faria da
Published: October 2015

O uso de imagens é fundamental em trabalhos de mapeamento. A composição de imagens multifonte
abordada neste trabalho é baseada em alguns métodos já existentes na literatura, como produtos derivados
da clássica transformação IHS. Tais técnicas de integração de dados de naturezas diversas, já vêm sendo
difundidas desde o final da década de 80 e têm sido utilizadas com muito sucesso até hoje. Avaliar à
integração de dados de radar com dados de sensores passivos, mapeamentos temáticos e bases
cartográficas constitui o principal objetivo deste trabalho.As técnicas de fusão de dados provenientes de
fontes diferentes (multifontes) vêm sendo amplamente utilizadas com intuito de gerar um produto final de
boa qualidade visual, para as análises quantitativas e qualitativas e para os procedimentos de interpretação
visual. Estes procedimentos são úteis na redução dos prazos e custos dos projetos. Deste modo entendese porque a utilização destas técnicas alcançou uma vasta variedade de aplicações dentro do conjunto de
disciplinas das Ciências da Terra.