bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Much blame – little gain? The effects of single vs multi-blaming on labelling and third-party intervention in workplace bullying
Authors: Zedlacher Eva , Snowden Allison
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Organizational practitioners must often interpret accounts of workplace bullying. However, they are frequently reluctant to confirm the target's account and often fail to set effective intervention measures. Building on novel approaches in attribution theory, this study explores how causal explanations and blame pattern shape the labelling of a complaint and the subsequent recommended intervention measures.

Design/methodology/approach

187 Austrian human resource professionals, employee representatives and other practitioners were confronted with a fictional workplace bullying complaint including conflicting actors' accounts and diverse possible internal, relational and external causes. Since the prior low performance of a target might affect blame attributions, the previous performance ratings of the target were manipulated. Data were analysed via qualitative content analysis.

Findings

When respondents reject the complaint, they predominately identify single internal causes and blame the target, and/or trivialize the complaint as “normal conflict”. Both low and high performance of the target trigger (single) internal blame. When the complaint is supported, deontic statements and blame attributions against the perpetrator prevail; however, blame placed on the perpetrator is often discounted via multi-blame attributions towards supervisors, colleagues and the target. Structural causes were rarely mentioned. Relational attributions are infrequent and often used to trivialize the complaint. Irrespective of the attributional blame patterns, most third parties recommend “reconciliatory measures” (e.g. mediation) between the actors.

Practical implications

Trainings to temper single internal blaming and raise awareness of organizational intervention measures are essential.

Originality/value

This is the first study to investigate workplace bullying blaming patterns and organizational responses in detail.
The Palestinian health-care providers’ perceptions, challenges and human rights-related concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mahamid Fayez Azez , Veronese Guido , Bdier Dana
Published: August 2022

Purpose

One of the most affected groups during the COVID-19 pandemic was health-care providers due to the direct and continuous exposure to the virus and a lack of sufficient medical equipment. Palestinian health-care providers were exposed to several challenges related to their work environment as they worked in war-like conditions; therefore, this study aims to explore health-care providers’ perceptions, perspectives, challenges and human rights-related concerns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Palestine.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprised 30 health-care providers 26–35 years, who were purposively selected from among health-care providers in two Palestinian cities, Nablus and Tulkarm, located in the north of the West Bank. Thematic content analysis was applied to transcripts of interviews with the practitioners to identify key themes.

Findings

The thematic content analysis showed that the pandemic and quarantine negatively affect the mental health outcomes, daily routine and social relations of health-care providers. The main challenges related to human rights violations and faced by the health-care providers include a lack of sufficient infrastructure, lack of medical equipment’s and protective gear, military occupation and a shortage of health-care providers in general, especially those who practice in speciality fields such as neurology, oncology, pediatric surgery and clinical psychology.

Practical implications

Further investigations are recommended to test different variables related to health-care providers’ work during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also recommends conducting studies targeting Palestinian health-care providers’ training and supervision services to improve their skills and resiliency in dealing with future crises.

Originality/value

The present work is the first to examine health-care providers’ perceptions, perspectives, challenges and human rights concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine. This novel sample resides in a political and social environment characterized by high environmental stressors due to decades of military and political violence (e.g. militarization, poverty, lack of employment opportunities, cultural pressures, human rights violations, etc.)
Supply chain design for industrial additive manufacturing
Authors: Friedrich Anne , Lange Anne , Elbert Ralf
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study extends and refines the current knowledge on emerging supply chain designs (SCDs) for industrial additive manufacturing (AM) and manufacturing firms' rationales in selecting them.

Design/methodology/approach

Following an exploratory research design, a multiple-case study is conducted in the context of industrial AM. It focuses on two key dimensions of SCD, the geographic dispersion and governance structure. Four cohesive AM SCD configurations are characterized and form the basis for exploring the rationales for the SCD decision of manufacturing firms.

Findings

The findings indicate that manufacturing firms' SCD for industrial AM depends on the trade-off between economies of scale in a centralized setting and the market potential from customer proximity realized by decentral AM. Furthermore, the control of suppliers and the reevaluation of manufacturing firms' core competencies guide the governance choice. Many of the identified rationales currently drive manufacturing firms toward in-house AM at a centralized location or distributed AM in a secure, firm-owned network.

Practical implications

The arguments for the AM SCD choices are illustrated. They provide guidance for managers of manufacturing firms when implementing industrial AM.

Originality/value

The study reveals and enhances the understanding of why the extant academic expectation of decentralized and outsourced AM is not sufficiently reflected in current industry practice. Thereby, the study provides a basis for elaborative decision-support research on AM SCDs.
Empowering resources recombination through dynamic capabilities of an enterprise
Authors: Muneeb Dilnaz , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Abu Bakar Abdul Rahim , Tehseen Shehnaz
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to provide insights on the importance of reconfiguring new and existing enterprise resources in a heterogeneous manner. This will lead to improved efficiencies, strategies and resource usage as such leading to more synergetic and innovative outcomes. This study highlights the importance of dynamic capabilities (DC) during the process of resources recombination (RR). It suggests that DC can be a source of competitive advantage, but the effect is contingent on the RR capabilities of enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from 349 faculty members of higher education institutions (HEIs) from seven states in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS was employed as a statistical tool to analyze the structural model.

Findings

The findings confirm the proposed role of DC in the realization of RR, in integrating and reconfiguring internal and external organizational skills and resources for efficiency and performance, since DC helps RR to reconfigure the resource base by extending, creating, and modifying innovative RRs.

Practical implications

The study has important implications for resource managers and policymakers of HEIs. By prioritizing DC, firms can develop novel products and services as a result of a heterogenous mix of new RR. Additionally, since firms have limited resources in ever-changing, complex environmental conditions, this study provides explicit directions on how enterprises can strategically manage their resources in an innovative manner to attain a sustainable competitive advantage.

Originality/value

Insights from the DC and RR perspective in HEI sectors, particularly in the Middle East region, are scarce. This is the first empirical study to delve in this area and exemplify the relationship between these significant constructs.
Identifying how the time on the market affects the selling price: a case study of residential properties in Paphos (Cyprus) urban area
Authors: Nikiforou Philippos , Dimopoulos Thomas , Sivitanides Petros
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the degree of overpricing (DOP) and other variables are associated with the time on the market (TOM) and the final selling price (SP) for residential properties in the Paphos urban area.

Design/methodology/approach

The hedonic pricing model was used to examine the association of TOM and SP with various factors. The association of the independent variable of DOP and other independent variables with the two dependent variables of TOM and SP were investigated via ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. In the first set of models the dependent variable was TOM and in the second set of models the dependent variable was SP. A sample of N = 538 completed transactions from Q1 2008 to Q2 2019 was used to estimate the optimum DOP that a seller must apply on the current market value of a property in order to achieve highest SP price in the shortest TOM.

Findings

The results of this study also suggest that the degree of overpricing in thin and less transparent markets is higher than that in transparent markets with high property transaction volumes. In mature markets like the USA and the UK where the actual sold prices are published, the DOP is around 1.5% which is much lower than the 11% DOP identified in this study.

Practical implications

It was found that buyers are willing to pay more for the same house in a bigger plot than a bigger house in the same plot. The outcome is that smaller houses sell faster at a higher price per square meter than larger houses. Smaller houses are more affordable than larger houses.

Social implications

There is a large pool of buyers for smaller houses than bigger houses. Higher demand for smaller houses results in a higher price per square meter for smaller houses than the price per square meter for bigger houses. Respectively the TOM for smaller houses is shorter than the TOM for bigger houses.

Originality/value

The database used is unique, from an estate agent located in Paphos that managed to sell more than 27,000 properties in 20 years. This data set is the most accurate information for Cyprus' property transactions.
Does the COVID-19 affect tenants’ adherence to lease obligations in rental market? Property managers’ perspective
Authors: Gbadegesin Job Taiwo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the pandemic affects tenants’ response to their lease obligations. This paper commences with examining the adopted tenant selection criteria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, this paper statistically tests if there is a relationship between selection criteria and response on whether the pandemic has effects or not. Then, this paper investigates the specific areas of impact on tenants’ ability to adequately keep to lease agreements in the Nigerian rental market. Finally, this paper proceeds to confirm if there is a relationship between selection criteria and the aspects of tenants’ deficiencies in rental obligations because of COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data, backed with interviews, is elicited from practicing estate surveyors and valuers and licensed property managers in Lagos, the largest property market in Nigeria and sub-Sahara Africa. Policy solutions and implications were solicited from personnel at the ministry of housing and senior professionals in the property sector. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and computer-aided qualitative data analysis, Atlas.ti.

Findings

Tenant’s health status is now accorded a priority together with others. Numbers of tenants are challenged with keeping to the prompt-rent-payment rule. Other areas of slight breaches included livestock rearing, subletting, alteration and repair covenants. Except for tenant reputation and tenant family size, there was no significant relationship between tenant’s health status consideration and the COVID-19 effect on tenant non-compliance with lease obligation. Tenants’ non-compliance with tenancy obligations has a connection with the tenants’ affordability, reputation, ability to sign an undertaking and health conditions during the pandemic. This paper recommends rental housing policy review.

Practical implications

It is recommended that the rental policy should be reviewed to give room for rental allowance or palliatives, private rental market regulation, exploration of the national housing fund and, if possible, social housing adoption policy in Nigeria.

Originality/value

This paper draws policymakers’ attention to the need to prepare for the future safety net that caters to citizenry welfare in challenging times.
Between persuasion and courtesy: Polish press advertising, ca. 1850–1939
Authors: Parowicz Izabella
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Early Polish press advertising (between 1850s and 1939) was characterized by a distinctive and today’s extinct combination of elements of persuasion and exceptional courtesy toward potential customers. The purpose of this paper is to show the place of customer psychology in the earliest Polish advertising textbooks in the context of the actions of Polish press advertisers at that time, convinced of the susceptibility of their recipients to courtesy, appreciation and flattery.

Design/methodology/approach

Historical method based on archival research in Polish digital libraries was used with the aim of identifying and analyzing primary sources, enriched by examples of advertisements from pre-1939 newspapers and historical periodicals illustrating the phenomenon in question and by the findings of more recent Polish-language research papers.

Findings

The issue of courtesy was, in fact, discussed by many authors of Polish advertising textbooks in the period under study. They viewed excessive courtesy in print advertising as an unmodern approach. However, empirical research from 1936 has been preserved which proves that a combination of persuasion and courtesy in advertising was perceived as most effective by its target groups.

Originality/value

This study introduces hitherto unknown Polish marketing thought and practice, drawing on the earliest, mostly forgotten Polish marketing textbooks and other primary sources from the years 1896 to 1939. Thus, this study contributes to the body of research on the history of advertising.
The problematic persistence of gender reflexivity in women's leadership development
Authors: Perriton Linda
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Research on women's leadership development over the past two decades has seen a move away from feminist theory that embeds action at a structural level as the objective of consciousness raising realised during the programme. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the stalling of collective action needed to challenge the continued under-representation of women in leadership roles.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual. Gender reflexivity – as the basis for claims within women's leadership development programmes (WLDPs) that are based on identity work to enable wider transformation of organisations in respect of structural barriers – is examined and critiqued.

Findings

Women's leadership development is unlikely to be able to used as a vehicle for structural change whilst it remains focused on self-acceptance, self-management and self-development of the individual participants. Gender reflexivity, as the warrant for change and transformation, is not used in a way that can deliver organisational change. Part of this is the way in which it is misapplied within human resource development and part of this is the continued lack of framing WLDP as a historical practice in support of the current logic of leadership.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the development of a critical approach to women's leadership development from a feminist theory perspective.
The malady of mediocrity
Authors: Sengupta Swati
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Managerial mediocrity – that characteristic of being somewhere in the middle in terms of capability or aptitude – is an understudied phenomenon and yet has significant impact on organizational effectiveness, performance and goodwill. Organizations must therefore be able to identify mediocrity, and take prompt action to eradicate it. What are some of the symptoms of mediocrity, and what are the steps that an organization can take? These are the questions that this article attempts to answer.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a paper expressing viewpoint.

Findings

While the managers are not are expected to be excellent in all aspects, being consistently in the average bracket has far reaching consequences. Companies who have a sizeable number of employees in this category struggle when it comes to pursuing organizational vision and goals. Most performance management systems revolve around the top performers and the non-performers, rewarding the former and penalizing the latter. More often than not, the mediocre populace is largely untouched.

Social implications

Future researchers can study the highlighted gaps in regards to commitment to change. Further it provides researchers a brief summary of 55 research studies on commitment to change.

Originality/value

This is an original article.
Evaluation of Cu-Ti dissimilar interface characteristics for wire arc additive manufacturing process
Authors: Mishra Avinash , Paul Amrit Raj , Mukherjee Manidipto , Singh Rabesh Kumar , Sharma Anuj Kumar
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to show the characteristics of a Cu–Ti dissimilar interface produced by a wire arc-based additive manufacturing process. The purpose of this research was to determine the viability of the Cu–Ti interface for the fabrication of functionally graded structures (FGS) using the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used the WAAM process with variable current vis-à-vis heat input to demonstrate multiple Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) and C11000 dissimilar fabrications. The hardness and microstructure of the dissimilar interfaces were investigated thoroughly. The formation of Cu–Ti intermetallic at the Ti64/Cu fusion interface is been revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, while X-ray diffraction was used to identify various Cu–Ti intermetallic phases. The effect of microstructure on interfacial sensitivity and hardness are also investigated.

Findings

The formation of CuTi intermetallic and the β-phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V are found to be heat input dependent. The Cu diffusion length increases as the heat input for Ti64 deposition increases, resulting in a greater Cu–Ti intermetallic thickness. The Cu–Ti interface properties improve when the heat input is less than approximately 250 J/mm or the deposition current is less than 90 A. The microhardness ranges from 55 to 650 HV from the Cu-side to the interface and from 650 to 350 HV from the interface to the Ti-side. Higher current increases interface hardness, which increases brittleness and makes the interface more prone to interfacial cracking.

Originality/value

Nonlinear components are needed for a variety of extreme engineering applications, which can be met by FGS with varying microstructure, composition and properties. FGS produced using the WAAM process is a novel concept that requires further investigation. Despite numerous studies on Ti-clad Cu, information on Cu–Ti interface characteristics is lacking. Furthermore, the suitability of the WAAM process for the development of Cu–Ti FGS is unknown. As a result, the goal of this research article is to fill these gaps by providing preliminary information on the feasibility of developing Cu–Ti FGS via the WAAM process.
Deployment of fuzzy TOPSIS-integrated value stream mapping for a fabrication industry: a case study
Authors: Aadithya B.G. , Asokan P. , Vinodh S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This research aims to identify lean tools and techniques that are needed to be implemented to improve the performance in the fabrication industry. The objective is to find the wastes in manufacturing processes using value stream mapping (VSM) and prioritize the lean tools suitable to enable the attainment of leanness and streamline the processes.

Design/methodology/approach

VSM tool is applied in the industry to construct the current state map, identify improvement proposals and implement in future state. Fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a multi-criteria decision-making technique (MCDM), is used to prioritize the identified improvement proposals. This study observed that mistake-proof processing and layout organization are the two techniques with the top priority that needs further improvement to enhance the leanness of the organization.

Findings

Upon successful implementation, the cycle time is reduced by 14.97%, and total inventory is reduced by 45.67% which leads to the improvement of value addition from 5.88 to 9.21%. Although lean has been adopted for many years, implementation of lean in the fabrication industry has been limited.

Practical implications

This study addresses the challenges in terms of implementing lean in fabrication industries and practical implications of lean tools and techniques and the prioritization of lean concepts against various lean criteria to enable leanness.

Originality/value

The deployment of improvement prioritization tool integrated with VSM in the context of a fabrication industry is the original contribution of the authors.
The exploration of three different treatment models of osimertinib plus antiangiogenic agents in non‐small cell lung cancer: A real‐world study
Authors: Feng Yu , Huang Liling , Zhu Haohua , Tang Le , Hu Xingsheng , Shi Yuankai
Published: August 2022

Background

Real‐world application of osimertinib with antiangiogenic agents in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common, but the efficacy data are rarely reported.

Methods

To obtain an objective efficacy report of different real‐world treatment models of osimertinib and antiangiogenic agents.

Results

A total of 54 patients with NSCLC were enrolled into the study. Twelve (22.2%) who received a combination of antiangiogenic agents, when there was a trend of osimertinib resistance but did not reach imageology progressive disease (PD), were assigned to Group A, with a median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of 48.0 (95% CI, not reached) and 21.0 (95% CI: 16.7–25.3) months, respectively. Thirty (55.6%) who received a combination of antiangiogenic agents when there was imageology PD during treatment with osimertinib were assigned to Group B, with a median OS and PFS of 31.8 (95% CI: 26.6–37.1) and 9.2 (95% CI: 5.9–12.6) months, respectively. Twelve (22.2%) who received a combination of antiangiogenic agents at the initial treatment with osimertinib were assigned to Group C, with a median OS and PFS of 28.5 (95% CI: 15.2–41.8) and 15.3 (95% CI: 7.9–22.7) months, respectively. Patients in Group A achieved a significant prolonged median PFS (p < 0.001) compared with Groups B and C. Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutations (p = 0.043; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.124, 95% CI: 1.023–4.413) and no previous antiangiogenic agent application (p = 0.012; HR = 0.362, 95% CI: 0.163–0.863) were the independent prognostic factors of OS.

Conclusion

The well‐timed action to combine antiangiogenic agents was when there was a trend of osimertinib resistance. The absence of EGFR T790M mutations and previous use of antiangiogenic agents were poor prognostic factors.
Peer‐induced cocaine seeking in rats: Comparison to nonsocial stimuli and role of paraventricular hypothalamic oxytocin neurons
Authors: Hammerslag Lindsey R. , Humburg Bree A. , Malone Samantha G. , Beckmann Joshua S. , Saatman Kathryn E. , Grinevich Valery , Bardo Michael T.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if social vs nonsocial cues (peer vs light/tone) can serve as discriminative stimuli to reinstate cocaine seeking. In addition, to assess a potential mechanism, an oxytocin (OT) promoter‐linked hM3Dq DREADD was infused into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to determine whether peer‐induced cocaine seeking is decreased by activation of OT neurons. Male rats underwent twice‐daily self‐administration sessions, once with cocaine in the presence of one peer (S+) and once with saline in the presence of a different peer (S−). Another experiment used similar procedures, except the discriminative stimuli were nonsocial (constant vs flashing light/tone), with one stimulus paired with cocaine (S+) and the other paired with saline (S−). A third experiment injected male and female rats with OTp‐hM3Dq DREADD or control virus into PVN and tested them for peer‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking following clozapine (0.1 mg/kg). Although acquisition of cocaine self‐administration was similar in rats trained with either peer or light/tone discriminative stimuli, the latency to first response was reduced by the peer S+, but not by the light/tone S+. In addition, the effect of the conditioned stimulus was overshadowed by the peer S+ but not by the light/tone S+. Clozapine blocked the effect of the peer S+ in rats receiving the OTp‐hM3Dq DREADD virus, but not in rats receiving the control virus. These results demonstrate that a social peer can serve as potent trigger for drug seeking and that OT in PVN modulates peer‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Experiences With Sacred Mushrooms and Psilocybin In Dialogue: Transdisciplinary Interpretations Of The “Velada”
Authors: Fagetti Antonella , Mercadillo Roberto E.
Published: August 2022

We present the set and setting of the velada, the Mazatec ritual of divination and healing. We highlight the subjective experiences of individuals who consumed sacred mushrooms and interpret them from their cultural and community contexts, but also from findings derived from experimental and neuroscientific research. We understand that the experiences connected to sacred mushrooms can be explained by the effects of psilocybin on the neurobiology of emotions, decision making, and visual, auditory, and bodily imagery. But we also understand that experimentation does not consider the individual and collective history of the person, and that the velada can provide guidance for integrating a person’s history and beliefs into experimental designs. The resurgence of psychedelic medicine prompts us into a transdisciplinary dialogue that encompasses both the anthropological perspective and the set and setting of the entheogenic experience during the sacred mushroom ritual.
Weathering the Ill Wind: The Affective and Embodied Dimensions of Anti‐Immigrant Political Discourses on Young African Men in Italy
Authors: Walker Sarah
Published: August 2022

Using the election of the far‐right populist coalition government in Italy in 2018 and resultant legislative changes to immigration it brought about as an analytic lens, I examine the material and emotional impact of these changes on young African men, hosted as “unaccompanied minors” in a reception centre in a northern Italian town. I refer to these changes as an “ill wind” and in this paper examine its impacts using Christina Sharpe’s notion of “weathering” to refer to the totality of the ongoingness of the anti‐Black climate and its effect on Black bodies. I contextualise the young men’s experiences within the Italian race landscape, thus drawing attention to the postcolonial legacies of race and racialisation still underpinning Italian society today. I present how historical structures of racial governmentality are integral to the geography of subordination and produce the racialised figure of the migrant, leaving some strangers to remain stranger than others.
Intersections of caste, class, and gender in healthcare sanitation work in India: Social work imperatives for restructuring marginalized women's care work
Authors: Monteiro Tanya S.
Published: August 2022

Housekeeping and sanitary workers are crucial for the functional efficiency and hygiene of healthcare facilities. In India, women from oppressed castes and backward classes are predominantly recruited in these occupations. The work, regarded as “polluting,” is stigmatized, devalued, and lies at the historical and sociocultural intersections of caste, class, and gender. In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper utilizes the concepts of “feminization of labor” and “care ethics” to read caste into an intersectional theoretical analysis of the organization of marginalized women's labor in such essential, yet invisibilized healthcare work. An exploratory narrative review of literature focusing exclusively on marginalized healthcare housekeepers and sanitation workers in India is undertaken and supplemented with a critical analysis of labor laws and policies to trace the sustained reproduction of the caste‐based sexual division of labor in these occupations. I propose that their exploitative terms and conditions are sustained by what I refer to as the “feminine caste contract” – a complex sociopolitical and legal arrangement of precarious, casteist, and gendered work conditions. Recognizing the exploitation inherent in this contract, recommendations are made for social work education and practice to play a key role in restructuring marginalized women's labor in essential care work.
What complements complement in transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy?
Authors: Sabulski Anthony , Jodele Sonata
Published: August 2022

Transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy remains a lethal complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplant and not all patients respond to terminal complement inhibitors. Qi et al. show that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) may be a previously unrecognized driver of this endothelial injury syndrome.

Commentary on Qi et al. Upregulation of HIF‐1α contributes to complement activation in transplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Br J Haematol. 2022 199:603–615.
A recognition advantage for members of higher‐status racial groups
Authors: Simon Deja , Chen Jacqueline M. , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Calanchini Jimmy
Published: August 2022

The other‐race effect (ORE) is a recognition memory advantage afforded to one's racial ingroup versus outgroup. The motivational relevance of the ingroup—because of relationships, belonging and self‐esteem—is central to many theoretical explanations for the ORE. However, to date, the motivational relevance of outgroups has received considerably less attention in the ORE literature. Across six experiments, Black, White, Asian and Latinx American participants consistently demonstrated better recognition memory for the faces of relatively higher‐status racial/ethnic group members than those of lower‐status groups. This higher‐status recognition advantage even appeared to override the ORE, such that participants better recognized members of higher‐status outgroups—but not an outgroup of equivalent status—compared to members of their own ingroup. However, across a variety of self‐reported perceived status measures, status differences between the high‐ and low‐status groups generally did not moderate the documented recognition advantage. These findings provide initial evidence for the potential role of group status in the ORE and in recognition memory more broadly, but future work is needed to rule out alternative explanations.
Self-healing cutaneous nodules with fever and arthritis: worrisome presentation of a benign disorder
Authors: Chiramel Minu J. , Sathishkumar Dharshini , T Sathish Kumar , Telugu Ramesh B.
Published: August 2022

A 4-year-old boy with extensive papules and nodules with arthritis was evaluated and followed up. In spite of the initial worrisome presentation, the lesions showed near-complete resolution over a 2-year follow-up period.

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Hormone replacement therapy-induced pain and redness of the feet
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Lu Yan
Published: August 2022

We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a patient who developed erythromelalgia after receiving oestrogen–progestin replacement therapy (Femoston). The patient had complete remission after taking glycyrrhizin and pregabalin for 3 months. This case expands the spectrum of erythromelalgia and provides a therapeutic option.
‘Meeting them where they are at’: A practice note on implementation of the Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention in an emergency family homeless shelter
Authors: Snyder Sean E. , Wenocur Katharine
Published: August 2022

Families experiencing homelessness report higher rates of traumatic exposure than the general population, and traumatic experiences can often be precipitating factors for entrance into a homeless shelter. Emergency shelter is meant to be a brief, temporary housing intervention to support families toward more stable and permanent living arrangements. Beyond this ecological intervention, there is a frequently unmet need for trauma‐specific mental health services. Further still, psychosocial interventions to support sheltered families should be sensitive to both the trauma‐specific needs of this population and the constraints of the shelter setting. The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) is a brief, secondary prevention protocol that aims to prevent PTSD after exposure to a traumatic event, with research demonstrating its effectiveness in acute care settings such as child advocacy centres and emergency departments. This case study illustrates the implementation of CFTSI in an emergency family shelter in a large urban area, highlighting the appropriateness of the intervention for the setting, its adaptability to client needs and its generalizability to other non‐traditional intervention settings.
A recurrent homozygous missense DPM3 variant leads to muscle and brain disease
Authors: Nagy Sara , Lau Tracy , Alavi Shahryar , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Vallian Jalal , Ng Bobby G. , Noroozi Asl Samaneh , Akhondian Javad , Bahreini Amir , Yaghini Omid , Uapinyoying Prech , Bonnemann Carsten , Freeze Hudson H. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , Sirisena Nirmala D. , Schmidts Miriam , Houlden Henry , Moreno‐De‐Luca Andres , Maroofian Reza
Published: August 2022

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the dolichol‐phosphate mannose synthase subunits (DPM) which produce mannosyl donors for glycosylphosphatidylinositols, N‐glycan and protein O‐ and C‐mannosylation, are rare causes of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Pathogenic variants in DPM1 and DPM2 are associated with muscle–eye–brain (MEB) disease, whereas DPM3 variants have mostly been reported in patients with isolated muscle disease—dystroglycanopathy. Thus far, only one affected individual with compound heterozygous DPM3 variants presenting with myopathy, mild intellectual disability, seizures, and nonspecific white matter abnormalities (WMA) around the lateral ventricles has been described. Here we present five affected individuals from four unrelated families with global developmental delay/intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe, microcephaly, seizures, WMA, muscle weakness and variable cardiomyopathy. Exome sequencing of the probands revealed an ultra‐rare homozygous pathogenic missense DPM3 variant NM_018973.4:c.221A>G, p.(Tyr74Cys) which segregated with the phenotype in all families. Haplotype analysis indicated that the variant arose independently in three families. Functional analysis did not reveal any alteration in the N‐glycosylation pathway caused by the variant; however, this does not exclude its pathogenicity in the function of the DPM complex and related cellular pathways. This report provides supporting evidence that, besides DPM1 and DPM2, defects in DPM3 can also lead to a muscle and brain phenotype.
Surgeon preference for treatment allocation in older people facing major gastrointestinal surgery: an application of the discrete choice experiment methodology
Authors: Daniels Sarah L. , Morgan Jenna , Lee Matthew J. , Wickramasekera Nyantara , Moug Susan , Wilson Tim R. , Brown Steven R. , Wyld Lynda
Published: August 2022

Aim

Variation in major gastrointestinal surgery rates in the older population suggests heterogeneity in surgical management. A higher prevalence of comorbidities, frailty and cognitive impairments in the older population may account for some variation. The aim of this study was to determine surgeon preference for major surgery versus conservative management in hypothetical patient scenarios based on key attributes.

Method

A survey was designed according to the discrete choice methodology guided by a separate qualitative study. Questions were designed to test for associations between key attributes (age, comorbidity, urgency of presentation, pathology, functional and cognitive status) and treatment preference for major gastrointestinal surgery versus conservative management. The survey consisting of 18 hypothetical scenarios was disseminated electronically to UK gastrointestinal surgeons. Binomial logistic regression was used to identify associations between the attributes and treatment preference.

Results

In total, 103 responses were received after 256 visits to the questionnaire site (response rate 40.2%). Participants answered 1847 out of the 1854 scenarios (99.6%). There was a preference for major surgery in 1112/1847 (60.2%) of all scenarios. Severe comorbidities (OR 0.001, 95% CI 0.000–0.030; P = 0.000), severe cognitive impairment (OR 0.001, 95% CI 0.000–0.033; P = 0.000) and age 85 years and above (OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.005–0.168; P = 0.000) were all significant in the decision not to offer major gastrointestinal surgery.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated variation in surgical treatment preference according to key attributes in hypothetical scenarios. The development of fitness‐stratified guidelines may help to reduce variation in surgical practice in the older population.
Evaluating changes in pulse transit time drop index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and during CPAP therapy
Authors: Kalantari Elham , Kalantari Forough , Edalatifard Maryam , Rahimi Besharat
Published: August 2022

Airflow limitation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) leads to arousal, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, and elevated blood pressure, which causes a decrease in pulse transit time (PTT). The present study aims to evaluate the effect of CPAP therapy on PTT in patients with moderate to severe OSA. This was a cross‐sectional study. Split‐night polysomnography (PSG) study was performed for each participant with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 before and during CPAP therapy. The PTT was calculated as the time interval between the R wave of the electrocardiogram and the following arrival point in fingertip photoplethysmography. PTT drop was defined as a fall in the PTT curve of ≥15 ms lasting at least for 3 s and at most for 30 s. PTT drop index was defined as the number of drops in PTT that occur per hour of sleep. A total of 30 patients were included. PTT significantly increased, and PTT drop index significantly decreased during CPAP therapy (P < 0.001). PTT was significantly correlated to sleep efficiency (rs = −0.376, P = 0.049) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (rs = −0.428, P = 0.018). PTT drop index was strongly correlated to AHI (rs = 0.802, P < 0.001), respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (rs = 0.807, P < 0.001), ODI (rs = 0.693, P < 0.001), arousal index (rs = 0.807, P < 0.001), and periodic leg movement (PLM) index (rs = 0.400, P = 0.035). Overall, the findings from this study indicated that the PTT drop index is a non‐invasive and useful marker for evaluating the severity of OSA and the effectiveness of treatment in patients with moderate to severe OSA.
Evidence for a theta‐band behavioural oscillation in rapid face detection
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Balestrieri Elio , Melcher David
Published: August 2022

Theories of rhythmic perception propose that perceptual sampling operates in a periodic way, with alternating moments of high and low responsiveness to sensory inputs. This rhythmic sampling is linked to neural oscillations and thought to produce fluctuations in behavioural outcomes. Previous studies have revealed theta‐ and alpha‐band behavioural oscillations in low‐level visual tasks and object categorization. However, less is known about fluctuations in face perception, for which the human brain has developed a highly specialized network. To investigate this, we ran an online study (N = 179) incorporating the dense sampling technique with a dual‐target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. In each trial, a stream of object images was presented at 30 Hz and participants were tasked with detecting whether or not there was a face image in the sequence. On some trials, one or two (identical) face images (the target) were embedded in each stream. On dual‐target trials, the targets were separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI) that varied between 0 to 633 ms. The task was to indicate the presence of the target and its gender if present. Performance varied as a function of ISI, with a significant behavioural oscillation in the face detection task at 7.5 Hz, driven mainly by the male target faces. This finding is consistent with a high theta‐band‐based fluctuation in visual processing. Such fluctuations might reflect rhythmic attentional sampling or, alternatively, feedback loops involved in updating top‐down predictions.
RETRACTED: SVM‐based generative adverserial networks for federated learning and edge computing attack model and outpoising
Authors: Manoharan Poongodi , Walia Ranjan , Iwendi Celestine , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed , Suganthi S. T. , Kamruzzaman M. M. , Bourouis Sami , Alhakami Wajdi , Hamdi Mounir
Published: August 2022

Machine learning are vulnerable to the threats. The Intruders can utilize the malicious nature of the nodes to attack the training dataset to worsen the process and manipulate the learning and make the over all system with less efficiency and performance. The optimized poison attack procedures are already introduced to estimate the overall bad scenario, design the intrusion as bi‐level optimization and it is considered computational complexity is high and demanding, in contrary the applicability is limited such models deep neural networks. In this research papers, we have proposed, novel proposed system, poisoning attacks against the Machine learning training dataset, including the genuine data points that reduce the accuracy of the classifier in the process of training. The proposed system have 3 components of Generative Adverserial networks (GAN) generator, discriminator, and the target classifier. The proposed system allows to detect the vulnerability easy and it can be found as similar as realistic attacks to detect the area where the underlying data distribution have more possibility of poising attack which cause vulnerability to the network. Our experimentation, proves the claim our that the proposed model is effective on compromising the classifiers uses the machine learning algorithms and also deep learning networks.
Nuclear receptors as potential therapeutic targets in peripheral arterial disease and related myopathy
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Narkar Vihang A.
Published: August 2022

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of limb vascular insufficiency, causing ischemic injury, mitochondrial metabolic damage and functional impairment in the skeletal muscle, and ultimately leading to immobility and mortality. While potential therapies have been mostly focussed on revascularization, none of the currently available pharmacological treatments are fully effective in PAD, often leading to amputations, particularly in chronic metabolic diseases. One major limitation of focussed angiogenesis and revascularization as a therapeutic strategy is a limited effect on metabolic restoration and muscle regeneration in the affected limb. Therefore, additional preclinical investigations are needed to discover novel treatment options for PAD preferably targeting multiple aspects of muscle recovery. In this review, we propose nuclear receptors expressed in the skeletal muscle as potential candidates for ischemic muscle repair in PAD. We review classic steroid and orphan receptors that have been reported to be involved in the regulation of paracrine muscle angiogenesis, oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle regeneration, and discuss how these receptors could be critical for recovery from ischemic muscle damage. Furthermore, we identify existing gaps in our understanding of nuclear receptor signalling in the skeletal muscle and propose future areas of research that could be instrumental in exploring nuclear receptors as therapeutic candidates for treating PAD.
Low oxygen levels with high redox heterogeneity in the late Ediacaran shallow ocean: Constraints from I/(Ca + Mg) and Ce/Ce* of the Dengying Formation, South China
Authors: Ding Yi , Sun Wei , Liu Shugen , Xie Jirong , Tang Dongjie , Zhou Xiqiang , Zhou Limin , Li Zhiwu , Song Jinmin , Li Zeqi , Xu Hongyuan , Tang Pan , Liu Kang , Li Wenjun , Chen Daizhao
Published: August 2022

Most previous studies focused on the redox state of the deep water, leading to an incomplete understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of the redox‐stratified ocean during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. In order to decode the redox condition of shallow marine environments during the late Ediacaran, this study presents I/(Ca + Mg), carbon and oxygen isotope, major, trace, and rare earth element data of subtidal to peritidal dolomite from the Dengying Formation at Yangba, South China. In combination with the reported radiometric and biostratigraphic data, the Dengying Formation and coeval successions worldwide are subdivided into a positive δ13C excursion (up to ~6‰) in the lower part (~551–547 Ma) and a stable δ13C plateau (generally between 0‰ and 3‰) in the middle‐upper part (~547–541 Ma). The overall low I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (<0.5 μmol/mol) and slightly negative to no Ce anomalies (0.80 < [Ce/Ce*]SN < 1.25), point to low‐oxygen levels in shallow marine environments at Yangba. Moreover, four pulsed negative excursions in (Ce/Ce*)SN(between 0.62 and 0.8) and the associated two positive excursions in I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (up to 2.02 μmol/mol) are observed, indicative of weak oxygenations in the shallow marine environments. The comparison with other upper Ediacaran shallow water successions worldwide reveals that the (Ce/Ce*)SNand I/(Ca + Mg) values generally fall in the Precambrian range but their temporal trends differ among these successions (e.g., Ce anomaly profiles significantly different between Yangba and the Yangtze Gorge sections), which point to low oxygen levels with high redox heterogeneity in the surface ocean. This is consistent with the widespread anoxia as revealed by low δ238U values reported by previous studies. Thus, the atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the late Ediacaran are estimated to be very low, similar to the case during the most Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic period.