bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Modification of Urea Formaldehyde Resin with Keratin
Authors: Pang Jiu Yin , Sun Chuan , Zhang Shi Cheng , Cui Hai Xing
Published: June 2010

As the main adhesive types in wood-based panel industry，urea-formaldehyde has such shortcomings as high levels of free formaldehyde content and formaldehyde emission of its bonding product. In this experiment, we try to modify urea-formaldehyde resin with keratin through copolymerization reaction. Through the determination of such reaction technology as molar ratio, adding sequence of keratin and adding amount of keratin, we finally synthesized the low toxic urea resin. The results show that the optimum molar ratio is 1.3:1, the adding amount of keratin is 5% and adding keratin after the third feeding of urea is the best choice. By optimizing the synthesis process, we ultimately get the low toxicity modified urea-formaldehyde resin. At the same time, modified urea-formaldehyde resin cost has been reduced because extensive sources of keratin and low cost.
Investigations on Preparations and Electrical Conductivity of PA-66/OMMT Nanocomposites
Authors: Tsai Fang Chang , Liu Fen , Liu Kai , Ma Ning , Tsai Lung Chang , Shu Chi Min , Wen Sheng , Jiang Tao , Yeh Jen Taut
Published: June 2010

Organoclay has a low electrical conductivity and a proper dielectric constant which makes it to be used as a gate insulator. In a dry form, the organoclay exists in aggregates of montmorillonite platelets and very little surface area of the montmorillonite is exposed. For uniform dispersion of the clay aggregated, PA-66 and organically modified Na-montmorillonite (OMMT) were melting blended by using an internal mixer. The crystalline change and effects of intercalation were investigated with X-ray diffraction. Results of thermal properties, micro-structure, surface resistance and crystallization behavior indicated that OMMT had obviously effects on PA-66. DSC results showed that the existent of OMMT had effect on PA-66/OMMT nanocomposites and OMMT content had important effects on the scatter of OMMT in PA-66 matrix.
Effects of Phosphate on Fermentative Biohydrogen Production of Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.
Authors: Lin Yong Bo , Chen Hong , Yue Li Ran
Published: June 2010

This study has investigated the effects of K2HPO4 to the cell growth and hydrogen production ration to Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.. The results found that: K2HPO4 can promote the cell growth and hydrogen production effectively and it can maintain the pH value stably in culture. The biogas yield, hydrogen production yield and specific hydrogen production ration had the maximum of 4960 ml/L, 2107.5 ml/L and 1.93 mol H2/mol glucose respectively when the concentration of K2HPO4 was 1.5g/L. The final pH in the culture was always kept at 3.0~5.0.
Research on Driving Force of Circular Economy Endogenous Evolution from Price Mechanism Angle
Authors: Jiang Guo Gang , Chen Jing
Published: June 2010

Circular economy has important meaning to economic growth changing and sustainable realizing. This article bring forward that the evolution motive mechanism of circular economy came from natural forces and economy forces, and the main evolution barrier is incomplete price mechanism of natural resource. This article bring forward that government should establish complete price mechanism of natural resource by rules so that can realize the sustainable development, and bring forward that we should calculate natural resource value by emergy analyzing method and analyzed the running trend of macro economy after natural resource re-pricing.
Effect of Plating Solutions on Supercapacitor Characteristics of MnO2 Films
Authors: Xiao Fang , Xu You Long
Published: June 2010

MnO2 films were electrodeposited on the Ti substrates by galvanostatic method in various plating solutions, which was MnCl2, Mn(NO3)2, MnSO4 and Mn(CH3COO)2 solutions, respectively. On X-ray diffraction test, Crystal structures of all MnO2 films were associated to α-MnO2 of tetragonal crystal system. Scanning electron microscopy results show that morphologies of MnO2 films were clearly different. Among them, MnO2 film prepared in Mn(CH3COO)2 solution presented a lot of cracks and holes. According to electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, this MnO2 film presents the lowest charge-transfer resistance. Additionally, electrochemical active surface areas of MnO2 films were calculated on the basis of equivalent circuit model for impedance data. The result was found that MnO2 film prepared in Mn(CH3COO)2 solution showed the biggest electrochemical active surface area, which was about 382 cm2. Cyclic voltammograms were carried out for all the samples. MnO2 film formed in Mn(CH3COO)2 solution showed the highest special capacitance of 230 F g-1. The results suggest that Mn(CH3COO)2 solution is suitable for electrodepositing MnO2 film using supercapacitor electrode materials.
The Research of Modified-Soy-Protein – Acrylate Hybrid Emulsion
Authors: Zhang Shi Cheng , Dong Li Na , Pang Jiu Yin , Sun Chuan
Published: June 2010

The main purpose of determining excellent performance of the system of emulsion through the chemical methods (MATS surface treatment)on soy-protein chemically modified, add a small amount of coupling agent as a horizontal cross-linker, and further enhance its water resistance and the strength of cement, in order to higher requirements. Research will be used description the solid content etc. of polymerization process used measure weight、viscosity etc., and analysis of particle structure and shape by TEM, SEM, analysis the surface properties of particles by FTIR, and ascertain by measuring adhesion properties of different emulsion on the same substrate by strength capability.
Highly Efficient and Recyclable Diatomite-Supported Pd Nanoparticles for the Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Hao Cheng Jun , Zhao Xiao Jun
Published: June 2010

The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles immobilized on widespread natural diatomite has been reported in this report. The reaction showed enhanced reaction rates, high yields, and the conditions were environmentally friendly. The highly active heterogeneous catalyst of palladium nanoparticles allow the reaction to be performed at low catalyst levels, and could be reused 5 times with little loss of activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis characteried the diatomite-supported Pd(0) nanoparticles as catalyst for the reaction.
Experimental Study on High Intensity Magnetic Separator of Coal of Pingdingshan G Unit
Authors: Jiao Hong Guang , Tian Rui Xia
Published: June 2010

Self-made pairs of pole-type magnetic separator using materials of NdFeB. Permanent high gradient magnetic separator do without excitation current, the equipment with low cost, low operating costs, and highlights the advantages of small floor space, etc. Using stainless steel nets as a poly-magnetic medium, we conducted a dry separation experimental study on high-sulfur coal of Pingdingshan G unit, focusing on the vibration frequency; number of sorting and pulverized coal size, and the effect on the separation. The results showed that: the increase in desulfurization rate and ash removal rate is based on the cost of losses of clean coal yield. When vibration frequency is 50HZ, the pulverized coal with 100-200 mesh through three times sorting, the desulfurization rate and ash removal rate is 28.02% and 22.43%, and the corresponding coal production rate is 80.79%.
Removal of Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds from Particleboards by Air-Cleaning Materials
Authors: Zhu Xiao Dong , Shen Jun , Liu Yu
Published: June 2010

The removal efficiencies of 4 air-cleaning materials on formaldehyde and VOC emissions from particleboards were examined in this paper. The effect of activated carbon and photo catalyst on formaldehyde and VOC emissions removal was notable in short time. The effect of scavenger was obviously on formaldehyde removal for its synthetic mechanism. And the impact of bioenzyme on formaldehyde and VOC emissions from particleboards is dependent on the test conditions and it shows no impact on emissions in this experiment.
Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity and ACH on the Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Particleboard
Authors: Liu Yu , Shen Jun , Zhu Xiao Dong
Published: June 2010

Particleboard has been indicated as one possible source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at normal indoor. This paper examines the VOCs emissions from the larch particleboards. Temperature, relative humidity and air change rate are significant factors influencing the VOCs emissions from particleboards. With the temperature and humidity various in the ranges from 23°C-40°C and 10%-70%RH the TVOC concentrations increased. Whereas the increasing of air change rate causes the TVOC concentration decreased.
Multiple Effect of pH on Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Using TiO2
Authors: Li Guo Ting , Li Fa Zhan , Zhang Pei Yong , Li Yun Xia , Yuan Chao
Published: June 2010

The performance of UV/TiO2 (100 mg/L TiO2) process for Orange II degrdation was emphatically compared at pH 2.3, 6.9 and 11.5 by means of UV-Visible spectra, ionic chromatography, TOC, and HPLC analyses. The results revealed that the reaction intermediates were produced in different contents with the increasing reaction time due to the different pH conditions. The dye was oxidized more completely at pH 2.3 while the highest color removal percentage was achieved at pH 11.5. It was proved that active electrons, which is photo-generated along with positive holes on TiO2, not only contribute to the discoloration and mineralization of the dye due to the producing of oxidative species such as O2•- and •OOH, but also contribute to the discoloration of Orange II as reductive species. The most possible mechanism was put forward to explain the key roles of active electrons in dye degradation by UV/TiO2 process at pH 2.3 and 11.5.
Separation of Ethane Gas by Adsorption onto Various Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons
Authors: Guo Jia , Hu Guang , Lua Aik Chong , Heslop Mark J.
Published: June 2010

Adsorption of ethane onto activated carbons derived from oil palm shell, bamboo and coconut shell, three abundantly-available agricultural solid wastes, by thermal or chemical activation method was investigated in this paper. Dynamic adsorption in a fixed bed configuration showed that the activated carbons prepared by chemical activation performed better than those by thermal activation. Desorption tests at the same temperature as adsorption (298K) and at an elevated temperature (473K) were carried out to confirm the occurrence of chemisorption on the activated carbons. Surface chemistries of the activated carbons were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration. It was found that uptaking ethane onto the biomass-based activated carbons was due to different mechanisms, e.g. physisorption, and/or chemisorption, depending on the activation agent and activation method.
Effects of Fe0 on Fermentation and Biohydrogen Production of Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.
Authors: Lin Yong Bo , Chen Hong , Han Wei
Published: June 2010

This study investigated the effects of Fe0 on the cell growth and hydrogen production to Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov. in the batch test. The hydrogen content, OD600nm, glucose consumption and the concentration of ethanol had the maximum of 47 %, 1.26 g/L, 95 % and 1067.2 mg/L respectively when the concentration of Fe0 was 100 mg/L. However they all dropped with further Fe0 when the concentration of Fe0 exceeded 100 mg/L, the phenomenon of feed back appeared and the feed back concentration of Fe0 was 100 mg/L.
Clone and Analysis of Secondary Xylem Cellulose Synthase Gene Fragment from Populus ussuriensis
Authors: Shi Jiang Tao , Li Jian , Liu Yi Xing , Xu Lei
Published: June 2010

wood is the most abundant renewable resource and environmentally friendly energy source on the earth, it not only provides industrial raw materials for economic and social sustainable development, meanwhile, the biological process of wood formation which is mainly to sink the excessive carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also play an active role in reducing “greenhouse effect”, so it is the contributor of green environment and human heath. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the biosynthesis process and the wood formation mechanism of woods cellulose. This study adopted RT-PCR to clone gene fragments from the total RNA of populus ussuriensis secondary xylem, through sequence analysis, we found that its size was 487bp, which was named as PusC1，by means of blast comparative analysis, we found that the gene sequence similarity of this fragment and Populus trichocarpa cellulose synthase (XM 002305024.1) reached 94%, and its gene sequence similarity with Populus tremuloides PtrCesA1 and Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides xylem specificity cellulose synthase genes (AY573574.1) sequence could also reach 92%. Therefore, it is inferred to be populus ussuriensis xylem specificity cellulose synthase gene fragment. Through sequence similarity, we can also infer that populus ussuriensis has a close genetic relationship with Populus trichocarpa and belongs to cathay poplar species; while Populus tremuloides belongs to white poplar species and has a close genetic relationship with populus ussuriensis.
Optimization Process Protein Synthesis Culture in Five Alfalfa
Authors: Chen Li , Zhao Hong Yang , Deng Ju Ne
Published: June 2010

The paper purposes is explore the forefront information of a large-scale protein production from alfalfa cells. With five varieties alfalfa, seleted the highest cell medium from callus . and detected the biomass and protein content in cell grows from different nitrogen source and sucrose concentration. Rusult is the highest protein in 12th -18th days of grows. There are different protein content in different nitrogen source (from Fig.2) and in different sucrose concentration range medium(from Fig.3).Conclusion is obtained the protein from alfalfal cells that is possibally.
Wear Performance of Rubber Wheel of Roller Guide Shoes
Authors: Han Zhen Duo , Qu Chao , Peng Yu Xing , Chen Guo An , Li Yi Lei
Published: June 2010

A wear tester was developed. MC PA (nylon) filled with MoS2 and PU (polyurethane) were used as the material of the rubber wheel of roller guide shoes. Their wear performances was investigated with the tester. The results show that the wear rate of MC PA increases firstly and then decreases with increasing load, and reverses with increasing velocity. The wear rate of PU decreases firstly and then increases with increasing velocity. In addition, the main wear mechanisms of PU are plough wear and abrasive wear at the low load (200N). At the loads of 200N~500N, the main wear form of MC PA is the adhesive wear. Adhesive wear is the main mechanism of MC PA at the low velocity (3m/s). Due to inner heat accumulation by friction, squama-peering occurs on MC PA surface at the high velocity (8m/s). The dominant wear mechanisms of PU are abrasive wear and fatigue pitting. And the main reason of PU’s failure is the interior heat accumulation caused by friction.
The Bonding Properties of PVC Wood-Plastic Composite Materials Glued with Two Kinds of Adhesive
Authors: Cheng Rui Xiang , Li Ying , Wang Qing Wen , Li Zhong Qiu
Published: June 2010

This paper aimed to confirm which adhesive is more suitable to glue the PVC wood-plastic composite materials between epoxy adhesive and J-39 acrylic ester adhesive. This paper tested compression shear strength and aging properties of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with these two adhesives. The results show that compression shear strength of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with epoxy adhesive is higher than with J-39 acrylic adhesives. Meanwhile, the setting time of two adhesives has effect on compression shearing strength. The results of aging properties after boiled and UV light treatment show that bonding properties of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with two adhesive were both degraded after aging，but bonding properties glued with epoxy adhesive was better than acrylic ester adhesive.
Preparation of Carboxymethylcellulose Picric Acid Ester and Adsorption Property for Creatinine
Authors: Dai Xiao Feng , Fang Gui Zhen
Published: June 2010

Ether of carboxymethylcellulose-based picric acid(CMC-PA) was prepared from carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) and picric acid(PA) by the mild reactive conditions of acidylation with chloric.The strcture of CMC-PA was characterized by FTIR,Element analysis,XRD and CPMAS13C NMR.Influences of reaction conditions,such as reaction temperature,reaction time,ratio of CMC to PA and amount of pyridine,were studied by mass fraction of nitrogen.Result showed that the synthetical conditions were obtained as ratio of CMC to PA 2 : 1 (by weight),amount of pyridine 50 mL,reaction temperature 85°C and reaction time 4 hours.The adsorption property of CMC-PA to creatinine was studied under simulated biological human body conditons.The kinetic and isothermal curve were given. Results showed that adsorption amount reached an equilibrium value after 10 hours,and the maximum adsorption amount was 1.75mg/g.Equilibrium data of creatinine fit well with Freundich equation,indicating that the adsorption was mainly chemical monolayer adsorption .The Freundich indx(1/n) was less than 1,which implied that the adsorption was preferential process.
Effects of Tenebrio molitor L. Larva Decomposing Polystyrene Foam
Authors: Gao Hong Li , Li Hong Tao , Zhang Luo , Hao Ming Jie
Published: June 2010

Tenebrio molitor L. Larva can digest many kinds of organic waste，transform it into organic manure with reduced levels of contaminants. The focus of this study was to investigate the digestion of larva on polystyrene foam. Using four kinds of feeding methods, foam (Group A), wheat bran (Group B), foam and wheat bran mixture (Group C) and hunger (Group D), this paper studied the effects of the foam on growth rate, mortality and nutritional component of Tenebrio molitor L. larva and its feces. The results showed that: (1) The order of growth rate of larva is: Group C> Group B> Group A> Group D，the growth rate of larva of group C is highest; the order of larval mortality is: Group D> Group A, Group B and Group C; the order of larva nitrogen (crude protein) content is not affected by fodders; the order of larva phosphorus content is: Group A> Group C, Group D> Group B (P <0.01); the order of larva crude fat content is: Group B, Group C> Group D> Group A. (2)The larva feces nitrogen and phosphorus contents in Group D were higher than it in Groups A, Group B and Group C. Polystyrene foam can not be single used as fodder of Tenebrio molitor L. larva, it can be used as supplementary fodder to improve utilization ratio of wheat bran and growth rate of larva, the nutritional components of larva are not obviously different with normal fodder when adding foam into fodder.
Study on the Absorption Action of Modified Activated Carbon for Phenol
Authors: Ding Chun Sheng , Ni Fang Ming , Cai Hui Ye , Zhu Qian Fen , Zou Ying Long
Published: June 2010

To improve the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon for phenol, copper nitrate was used to modify activated carbon. In detail, the absorption properties of modified activated carbon was studied by investigating the effects of adsorption time, pH, amount of modified activated carbon and initial concentration of phenol on the adsorption. And the dynamic and adsorbent model were obtained and explored. It shows that the removal rate of modified activated carbon for phenol was higher than the unmodified carbon, and the best removal rate can be obtained under the conditions of pH about 5, adsorption time of 2h, modified activated carbon dosage of 1.0g. The quasi-two rate equation was better to reflect the dynamics of modified activated carbon for phenol, with the initial concentration of phenol increased, equilibrium adsorption capacity and initial adsorption rate were greater. Both Freundlich and Langmuir model could reflect the adsorption behavior of modified activated carbon for phenol, while the Langmuir model was more properly.
Biohydrogen Fermentation with a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Containing Immobilized Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Han Wei , Wang Zhan Qing , Wang Yan , Li Yong Feng , Yang Chuan Ping
Published: June 2010

Anaerobic hydrogen fermentation converting organic wastes to clean hydrogen energy is a renewable technology for hydrogen production. This study developed a technology to immobilize hydrogen producing bacteria on granular activated carbon. It was investigated that the effects of organic loading impact on immobilized hydrogen production system. It was found that hydrogen production yield increased from 2.85 L to 5.2 L as COD increased from 2000 mg/L to 6000 mg/L. The liquid fermentation products were ethanol and acetic acid with percentage of 48.97% and 40.26%, respectively. VSS increased from 4555 to 5450 mg/L which results in the increasing of hydrogen yield. Therefore, immobilized anaerobic sludge by grunular activated carbon could be a promising immobilization technology for biohydrogen fermentation.
Kinetics Analysis of Anaerobic/Anoxic SBR Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal System
Authors: Jiang Xin Xin , Ma Fang , Zhang Xiao Xin , Yin Jun , Wei Li
Published: June 2010

Kinetic equations of soluble components are analyzed in an anaerobic/ anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR) enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) sludge. Mathematical model is established for denitrifying phosphorus removal process. The model is based on the simplification of the metabolic model for biological phosphorus removal by DPB. A proper set of kinetic parameters was calculated from the data obtained in the batch tests. The model was subsequently applied for the simulation of cycle behavior of soluble components in the A/A SBR. The results of the simulation indicated that the model can predict the concentration of each component for denitrifying phosphorus removal successfully.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on Iron Niobate Prepared by Solid-State Reaction
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Sun Xin , Chen Bai Han
Published: June 2010

Iron niobate photocatalyst as a new type of photocatalyst was prepared by solid-state reaction of Fe3O4 and Nb2O5 and its activity was evaluated using photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Preparation conditions such as calcination temperature and time, and irradiation time were investigated according to photocatalytic efficiencies. FeNb2O6 was produced during calcination below 700 oC and FeNbO4 was produced above 800 oC. Iron niobate with optimum activity could be prepared after calcination at 700 oC for 8 h when Fe:Nb molar ratio was 0.8:1. Methyl orange degradation rate was 72.7% after 180 min of irradiation at photocatalyst concentration of 4 g/l.
Research on Enhanced Straw Saccharification Technology of Hydrogen Production
Authors: Jiao An Ying , Liu Kun , Li Wen , Liu Bing , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2010

Straw has a complex structure composed mainly by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in the difficulty to use it as the substrate for hydrogen production directly. Hydrogen production from saccharification plant straw was performed in this study. The effect of experimental time and temperature on saccharification efficiency of the straw was investigated in this work. The results show that efficiency of saccharification by hydrochloric acid on plant straw is better than that by acetate due to the different extent of acid ionization. The maximum sugar content of 36.8 Brix and 35.4 Brix was acquired at the experimental time of 1h and temperature of 20°C with the corresponding hydrogen yield of 0.02mlH2/L saccharification liquid and 0.0182mlH2/L saccharification liquid by bacteria SUES-1, respectively.
Photodegradation of Neutral Red Using Heteropoly Acid Supported {(NH4)6H5[Mo4V9O40]•23H2O /TiO2} as the Photocatalyst
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Li Min , Chu De Qing
Published: June 2010

Under visible light, the catalytic properties of heteropoly acid supported {(NH4)6 H5[Mo4V9O40]•23H2O/TiO2} by sol-gel method are studied and characterized. By exploring different amount of catalyst and oxidant for degrading dye wastewater analog, photocatalytic decolorization rate of the neutral red solution is investigated, and those main effects on the efficiency of catalytic degradation are discussed. The results show that photo-degradation efficiency relies on the amount of catalysts and oxidants, the catalyst is recoverable and readily to recycle.
Study on the Micro-Polluted Water Treatment by GAC-UF
Authors: Zuo Jin Long
Published: June 2010

Nowadays drinking water resource has been polluted, while the conventional treatment process cannot effectively remove polluted matters. In order to tackle this problem, the granular activated carbon (GAC) and ultrafiltration membrane (UF) were introduced into drinking water treatment process. The results revealed that when treat the micro-polluted water the effluent water quality of turbidity, permanganate index and color can reach 0.1NTU, 1.3mg/L-2.3mg/L and 5 degree respectively with GAC-UF process. And the total removal efficiency of turbidity, permanganate index and color can reach 98%-99%, 70%~75% and 60% respectively. The GAC can effectively remove organic matters, while the UF membrane can effectively remove suspended solids, colloids. The GAC-UF combined process can get a good water quality when treat the micro-polluted water.
Veneer Material and Facing Technology of Wheat Straw
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Feng Hu , Jiao An Ying , Zhu Xiao Dong , Sun Jian Ping
Published: June 2010

A new kind of bio-based composite panel with veneer material and performance of decorative material was produced by process of dissection, staining, weaving and collage. The bio-based composite panel was instructed with art design using the wheat straw as raw material. The facing technology of the bio-based composite panel with wheat straw veneer material was investigated and no previous research using pretreated wheat straw to produce the veneer material with characteristic of decorative function. The bonding strength was measured and it reached 0.75 MPa. It is demonstrated that pretreated wheat straw can be used for furniture manufacturing and decorative applications directly.
Adhesion Property Research of Dyed and Fixed Veneer in High Moisture Content
Authors: Wei Shuang Ying , Wang Di , Gu Ji You
Published: June 2010

The study herein investigated the bond strength of original veneer, dyeing veneer and fixative veneer in terms of moisture content. The test results were shown that: bond strength of untreated veneer, dyeing veneer and fixation veneer were all decreased with moisture content increasing. Furthermore, wet strength of these three kind of veneers were lower than the dry strength themselves evidently. The study also found that dry strength and wet strength of original veneer were all bigger than those of dyeing veneer and fixative veneer evidently.
Research of Statistical Relationship between Keel Structure and Sports Flooring Property
Authors: Wang Hong Di , Wang Jin Lin , Zhou Zhi Fang
Published: June 2010

The objective of this paper is double layer competition sports flooring. The orthogonal regression experiments were carried out in order to establish the regression equations between keel structral influence factors (keel siding, keel thickness, keel spacing) and property indexes of sports flooring (force reduction rate Fr, standard vertical deformationVd, ball rebound rate Br). Through SPSS analysis method it find that factors and factor interaction have significant effect on Fr,Vd and Br respectively at a 95% or above conﬁdence level. Then the regression equations of each experimental index are established and the optimum factor combinations are found out. After balancing the three experimental indexes, this paper concludes the comprehensive optimum keel structural parameters for whole property which are the span keel spacing 500mm×500mm, keel cross section 50mm×50mm. The regression equations show the statistical relationship between keel structure and property. They can be directly applied to assist the design, production procedure of keel and the field installation of sports flooring.
Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Particleboard Using Composite Adhesives
Authors: Zhang Yan Hua , Gu Ji You , Zuo Ying Feng , Di Ming Wei , Tan Hai Yan , Zhu Li Bin
Published: June 2010

The purpose of the study was to use a cheap wheat straw to manufacture particleboard. Wheat straws offer great promise and new challenges as replacement for wood in processed wood products. The particleboard was produced using composite adhesive which the urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives modified by emulsifiable polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (EPU). The properties of the particleboard was evaluated by measuring internal bonding strength(IB), thickness swelling, modulus of rupture(MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and formaldehyde emission. The optimal condition was chosen at density of 0.75g/cm3, UF/EPU ratio of 70/30, adhesive amounts of 10% based on the dry amounts of wheat straw. The test results showed that maximum dry internal bonding strength, wetting internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity was 0.45MPa, 0.072MPa, 31.50MPa and 4564MPa, respectively. The thickness swelling (TS2h) and thickness swelling (TS24h) was 3.51% and 11.1%, respectively. The free formaldehyde of wheat straw particleboard reached E0-type national standards.
Preparation High-Infrared Emissivity Powders Using of Red Mud
Authors: Fang Yong Guang , Peng Qi
Published: June 2010

Red mud with high content of Fe2O3 orignated from alumina industry which contains a amount of rare elements are excellent mixed-oxide materials for emissivity. A variety ratio of mixed-oxide material is achieved by doped with CuO, NiO, etc.Sintering processing was used to prepare powder material in a continuous wide-band which infrared emission rate more than 0.9. Find a new and feasible technological route for high-iron red mud as secondary resources.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous TiO2 by Hydrolysis Condensation with Block Copolymer P123 as Template
Authors: Wang Yan , Bai Qing , Li Xuan Dong , Wen Ai Hua
Published: June 2010

Highly ordered mesoporous TiO2 was synthesized by a hydrolysis condensation process using block copolymer P123 as the template and tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) as titanium precursor.The influences of the synthesis parameters including the volume of solvent, the ratio of the template to TBOT and reaction pH on the structure were investigated. The structure properties of the products were characterized with low-angle XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The results showed that the amount of solvent played a decisive role for the formation of ordered pore structure. The proper hydrolysis pH is in neutral and acidic range. The template can be removed totally by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol and the mesoporous structure can be retained perfectly by this template removal method. The product has the BET surface area of 266.5m2/g and a narrow pore distribution with a peak at 4.34 nm.
Modified Activated Carbon Electrodes for Electrosorption of NaCl from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Chen Zhao Lin , Sun Xiao Wei , Guo Hong Fei , Song Cun Yi
Published: June 2010

Activated carbon (AC) electrodes to electrosorption NaCl from aqueous solution were modified. The electrodes were characterized using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), nitrogen adsorption and cyclic voltammetry. The electrosorption removal efficiency is improved by 3 M HNO3 modification due to increased hydrophilic groups enhance adsorption of inorganic ion. The electrosorption removal efficiency is decreased by 15 M HNO3 modification due to the combined effects of increased hydrophilic groups and decreased average pore size. The improvement of electrosorption performance by TiO2 nanoparticles modification due to TiO2 nanoparticles boned with the polar groups works as electrosorption sites with enhanced adsorption strength. The reversal operation mode is better than non-reversal operation mode for electrosorption application.
Comparison of the Photocatalytic Activity of N-Doped, P-Doped Titania under Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Chi Bo , Sun Jin Bing , Wang Feng Lu , Yang Lin , Zhang Feng , Han Song
Published: June 2010

P-, N-doped titania were synthesized by the direct hydrothermal method, which phosphorus from phosphoric acid and the following nitridation from urea solution. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, XPS analysis, and their photocatalytic activities were tested by the solar light irradiation. N-doping titania resulted in the band-gap narrowing with improved photocatalytic activity. However, the phosphated titania exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than the N-doped one, but with larger band-gap energy.
Design and Property Analysis of the Metal Mesh Reinforced LVL
Authors: Hu Ying Cheng , Li Jin , Cheng Fang Chao , Zhang Xu Jie
Published: June 2010

This study mainly analyzed the factors that affected the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber（LVL）. To increase the mechanical properties, metal mesh was inserted into LVL that made of fast-growing timber. Effects of different factors were evaluated on the mechanical properties of LVL, several enhancement modes of metal mesh were designed to reinforce the LVL. Then, the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) of the LVL specimens were measured by static bending test. The results of different enhancement modes were analyzed and compared to investigate the effects of different factors. The position of metal mesh and the mesh number of metal mesh make significant effects on the MOE; the type of metal mesh and the angle of metal mesh-wood grain do not have any obvious effects on the MOE. The type of metal mesh and the position of metal mesh make significant effects on the MOR; the mesh number of metal mesh and the angle of metal mesh-wood grain do not have any obvious effects on the MOR.
Preparation, Characterization of N, P Codoped TiO2 Nanoparticles with their Excellent Photocatalystic Properties
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Chi Bo , Sun Jin Bing , Wang Feng Lu , Yang Lin , Han Song
Published: June 2010

Phosphor and nitrogen co-doped titania were prepared by hydrothermal method with phosphorous acid and ammonia as the P and N sources, respectively. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Phosphor and nitrogen co-doped titania give a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar light irradiation. It was evidenced that the incorporation of P and N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N, O–P–N, and Ti–O–P linkages. After photocatalytic properties studies, we can conclude that N, P codoped titania exhibit the further enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Preparation of a New Porous Material: Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin Woodceramics
Authors: Li Jian , Li Shu Jun , Guo Guo Wan , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiao Min
Published: June 2010

A new porous material, lignin woodceramics (WCS), was successfully prepared with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) lignin as its raw material, through modifying, mixing with lignin, drying, moldings, and sintering. Its yields, hardness and microstructure were analyzed. Because of the phenolic structure of EH lignin, which is similar to phenol- formaldehyde (PF) resin, the yields of mass, diameter, and thickness was almost the same with those of the samples made of PF resin treated material. The hardness of the product with 20% (w/w) the modified lignin in dosage was 30% higher than that of control, and it was also better than that of the sample made of PF resin to original EH lignin of 5: 95. SEM analysis showed that the plant tissue was largely strengthened by PF resin through swelling, filling and covering, but modified lignin worked not as efficiently as PF resin to strengthen WCS. However, this new material, EH lignin WCS, does not rely on phenol and will have a promising future.
Study on Antioxidant Enzyme of Brocarded Carp as Biomarkers of 2,4-DNT Pollution in Water
Authors: Shen Hong Yan , Yang Lei , Zhang Guo Xia , Yang Jing Liang
Published: June 2010

In order to investigate ecotoxicity effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to freshwater fish(Brocarded carp), the acute toxicity test and the sub-lethal expriment were conducted in lab. The acute toxicity test show that 96h LC50 value of 2,4-DNT to Brocarded carp is 19.67 mg/L. Its toxicity rating is moderately toxic to fish. Based on the result of the acute toxicity test, fish was exposed to different concentrations (1/2LC50, 1/4LC50, 1/16LC50, 1/256LC50, surface water standard concentration) and killed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 day after exposure. The activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in liver tissue were analyzed. The results indicated the activities of SOD and CAT were inhibited from the third day in all treatment groups at post-exposure, they were lower than those of the control group (p＜0.01). The SOD and CAT activities of the control group were stable during 14-days. The CAT and SOD activities had the same changing trend and they were unstable under the pollution stress. The CAT enzyme was more sensitive than SOD enzyme under pollution stress. The results demonstrate that the SOD and CAT activities of liver in Brocarded Carp might be the promising biomarker of 2,4-DNT exposure to freshwater fish. Therefore it is suggested that the couple index of SOD and CAT could be used as biomarker of nitroaromatics compounds, when their pollutions affected living beings in aquatic environment.
Effects of Phosphate Buffer Solution on Fermentative Biohydrogen Production of Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.
Authors: Zhao Tao , Xu Jing Li , Chen Hong , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2010

As a kind of clean energy with great potential, hydrogen energy has been a hotspot worldwide. Based on the recent research on biohydrogen production, this paper investigated the effects of phosphate buffer solution (PBS:K2HPO4+KH2PO4) to the cell growth and hydrogen production ration to Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.. The results found that: the biogas yield, hydrogen yield and specific hydrogen production ration had the maximum of 3860 ml/L, 1832.7 mlH2/L and 2.6324 mmol H2/g•cell•h when the concentration of PBS was 0.15 mol. The pH maintained at 4~5 when the concentration of PBS ranged from 0.01~0.15 mol but the system collapsed when the concentration of PBS exceeded 0.3 mol.
The Influence of the Electrode Anode Sizes of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) on the Electrical Property and COD Removal with the Electroplating Wastewater to be the Cathode
Authors: Wang Yan , Jiang Ying , Guo Dong Pu , Luo Sang , Wang Xing Bo , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2010

One of the most promising applications of MFC is to use them treating organic wastes while accomplishing power generation. In this study, the effects of different electrode sizes on electricity generation performance and COD removal were investigated in dual chambered MFC. It was found that the maximum power density of S-MFC (the electrode anode size is 74.5 cm2) and L-MFC (the electrode anode size is 77.67 cm2), with the external resistor was 300Ω, were 0.23mW/cm2 and 0.41mW/cm2, respectively. In the period of 0~400 h operation, the S-MFC reached the maximum voltage 71.5 mV in 308 hours with the maximum current 186.2 μA, while the L-MFC reached the maximum voltage 97.9 mV in 184 hours with the current 271.3 μA. Moreover, the anode solution COD removal of S-MFC ranged from 1.66% to 6.87% using Ag+ solution as the cathode and the anode solution COD removal in the L-MFC varied from 7.21% to 14.86%.
Synthesis and Characterization of BisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine
Authors: Li Shuang Yue , Wang Jing , Li Shu Jun , Chen Zhi Jun , Tian Bing , Wang Dian Ping
Published: June 2010

An anti-fungal derivative of rosin was synthesized. First, rosin was modified by acrylic acid and the modified rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:3 for 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was bis 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine and the degree of esterification was 98.81%. Then, bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine was made from the intermediate under the following conditions: the intermediate and dimethylamine mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. The chemical structure of the product was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-fungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine is active vs. these fungi, but less effective with Aspergillus niger. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, this product has a promising future as a potential wood preservative.
Removal of Mercury from Wastewater by Adsorption Using Thiol-Functionalized Eggshell Membrane
Authors: Cheng Xian Zhong , Hu Cun Jie , Cheng Kuang , Wei Ben Mei , Hu Shen Cai
Published: June 2010

The thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane (TF-ESM) was prepared by esterification between thioglycolic acid (CH2SHCOOH) and oxygen-containing functional groups on eggshell membrane (ESM). A promising potential biosorbent, TF-ESM, was used for the removal of toxic mercury in wastewater. Aqueous of mercury ions removing properties by TF-ESM were studied through batch experiments. The results indicated that the modified ESM has greatly enhanced the adsorption capacity for Hg2+, the maximum capacity was increased more than 3-fold in comparison with the unmodified ESM, from 19.4 mg g-1 to 71.9 mg g-1. The optimum of pH value for Hg adsorption was in the range of 2-8, which the removing rate over 96%. The results obtained show that the novel thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane performed well the removal and recovery of mercury from low concentration wastewaters.
One-Step Pyrolysis Process for Recover Zinc and Mercury from Spent Zinc-Manganese Batteries
Authors: Zhao Shu Qing , Yao Jie , Zhai Xu , Sun Xing Bin
Published: June 2010

In this paper, One-step pyrolysis process for the recovery of mercury and zinc from spent zinc–manganese batteries is proposed. Laboratory tests were performed to remove mercury and zinc from spent batteries and recover them. Correctitude test were used to analyze the effect of three factors: temperature, weight and time on the removing and recovery efficiency of zinc. In this research, temperature is dominant factor, weight and time are subordinate. After removing mercury, higher temperature could assure the removing efficiency of mercury above 99.9% at the same time of removing zinc. Under 0.02 MPa, efficiency of removing and recycling of zinc were investigated. The removing efficiency is 94.2% at 950 °C and 96.2% at 1000 °C. When the heated time is 1.5 h, the removing efficiency is 95.6%, which reach the aim 95.0%. With the increase of sample weight, the necessary heated time could be kept within 2.5 h without the loss of removing efficiency. The recycling efficiency of zinc could approach 75%. The content of zinc is above 99.0% in condensed zinc product. After being treated, the residue mass is about 40% of sample.
Synthesis of a Rosin Amide and Its Inhibition of Wood Decay Fungi
Authors: Li Jian , Li Shuang Yue , Li Shu Jun , Wang Jing , Liu Dan
Published: June 2010

Rosin was used as raw material to prepare a rosin amide derivative. First, rosin was modified by acrylic acid with the weight ratio of 4.5:1. Then the modified rosin was reacted with diethyltriamine and the rosin amide derivative was produced under the following conditions: modified rosin and diethyltriamine mole ratio of 1:3.5, dimethylbenzene as water carrying agent, reaction temperature of 160-180 °C, and reaction time of 8h. The chemical structure of the product as a rosin amide derivative was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The anti-fungal activity of the derivative was determined in vitro with wood decay fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that the derivative is active vs. these fungi, but less effective with Aspergillus niger. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, this rosin amide could be a potential wood preservative.
Green Chemical Treatment of Natural Wood Material for Decay Resistance by 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC) with Supercritical CO2 as a Carrier Solvent
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Chen Peng , Liu Yi Xing , Wang Xiang Ming , Wu Qing Lin
Published: June 2010

In order to improve the decay resistance of wood as the renewable natural material of biological origin, an organic preservative, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC), was penetrated into wood matrix by supercritical CO2 as a carrier solvent. And the effectiveness of penetrating IPBC into wood matrix through SC-CO2 was also examined in terms of preservative distribution, leachability resistance of preservative as well as decay resistance of wood. The results indicate that the optimum penetration craft under the adopted conditions was pressure: 19MPa, temperature: 35°C, pressure time: 2.5h and time for releasing pressure: 20min. And under the optimum condition, the mechanical properties of SC-CO2 treated wood were not significantly affected. SEM-EDX analysis indicate that IPBC mainly distributed in wood matrix due to the higher penetration of supercritical CO2 as a carrier solvent, and its leachability was remarkably reduced after such penetration. The decay resistance of SC-CO2 treated wood against fungi attack was improved 90.96% over untreated wood, indicating effective decay resistance of wood after preservative penetration with SC-CO2.
Removal of Chromium and Nickel Ions from Synthetic Solution by the Ferrite Process
Authors: Song Xiao San , Wang San Fan , Lu Jiong Yuan
Published: June 2010

Pollution with Cr (VI) and Ni (II) waste water is frequently encountered together in practice, and the ferrite process carves out a new way for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) wastewater by the ferrite process.In this paper, the ferrite process of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) synthetic solution by hydrothermal reaction and its technological parameters was sdudied. The most optimum reaction conditions were explored: pH=9.0, temperature=70°C, stirring time=40min, stirring speed=120 rpm. Leaching toxicity of heavy metals from Ni–Cr ferrite prepared in the experiment was much lower than the regulated limit of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), indicating that Ni–Cr ferrite had a better chemical stability. Therefore, the ferrite process is a feasible method with respect to the removal of chromium and nickel ions from wastewater.
New Intelligent-Environment Wood-Based Materials
Authors: Li Guo Liang , Li Jian , Jia Zhen
Published: June 2010

The objective of this paper is to apply the wood-based composite materials into the field of intelligent decorative materials or wooden crafts materials, and then improve people's life quality in the micro-environment. We introduce photochromic materials and the micro-capsule technology, and bring them into the processing field of wood-based composite materials, which make us find a new thinking direction for high value-added wood-based products. So that wood will be efficient and rational use of meeting demands of domestic and international market for intelligent and environment-friendly high-grade raw materials.