bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI technology application and employee responsibility
Authors: Wang Jing , Xing Zeyu , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2023

Employees are important stakeholders of firms, and employee responsibility is a crucial dimension of corporate social responsibility. This study employed a multivariable linear regression model to analyze the impact of AI technology on the variation in employee responsibility. We also utilized multiple methods, such as propensity score matching and alternative indicator analysis, to ensure the robustness of the research results. We theorized and found that the application of AI technology has a negative effect on employee responsibility, with supervision cost partially mediating the relationship between AI technology application and employee responsibility. Moreover, the negative relationship between AI technology application and employee responsibility decreases as the level of product market competition in which the firm operates increases, and it is stronger in government-controlled firms than in privately controlled firms. We also found that AI technology application and employee responsibility can improve firm productivity, and employee responsibility has a significant positive impact on innovation output and innovation efficiency, while the application of AI technology does not significantly impact innovation output and innovation efficiency. Our study contributes to research on the impact of AI technology in the workplace and has important implications for organizational practices regarding the application of AI technology and employee responsibility.
Neuro-explicit semantic segmentation of the diffusion cloud chamber
Authors: Müller Nicola J. , Porawski Daniel , Wilde Lukas , Fink Dennis , Trap Guillaume , Engel Annika , Schmartz Georges P.
Published: June 2023

For decades, in diffusion cloud chambers, different types of subatomic particle tracks from radioactive sources or cosmic radiation had to be identified with the naked eye which limited the amount of data that could be processed. In order to allow these classical particle detectors to enter the digital era, we successfully developed a neuro-explicit artificial intelligence model that, given an image from the cloud chamber, automatically annotates most of the particle tracks visible in the image according to the type of particle or process that created it. To achieve this goal, we combined the attention U-Net neural network architecture with methods that model the shape of the detected particle tracks. Our experiments show that the model effectively detects particle tracks and that the neuro-explicit approach decreases the misclassification rate of rare particles by 73% compared with solely using the attention U-Net.
Development of MOVPE grown GaSb-on-GaAs interfacial misfit solar cells
Authors: Kessler-Lewis Emily S. , Polly Stephen J. , Nelson George T. , Slocum Michael A. , Pokharel Nikhil , Ahrenkiel Phil , Hubbard Seth M.
Published: June 2023

GaSb grown on GaAs through interfacial misfit (IMF) arrays grown via molecular beam epitaxy has been heavily studied; there is limited research, however, on IMF growth through metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. To demonstrate viability for integration in a multijunction solar cell for terrestrial use, it is imperative to demonstrate high quality GaSb grown on GaAs through metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The preferred gallium precursors for n-type and p-type GaSb for longest minority carrier diffusion length were determined to be trimethylgallium and triethylgallium, respectively. A heteroepitaxial GaSb-on-GaAs device attained an open-circuit voltage of 190 mV and an efficiency of 2.2%. Extracted threading dislocation density from the minority carrier lifetime for the heteroepitaxial GaSb-on-GaAs device was determined to be 7.5×106cm−2. In a modeled multijunction solar cell, this device attributes to an overall efficiency of 33.1% under AM1.5g illumination.
Observation of interface trap reduction in fluoropolymer dielectric organic transistors by low-frequency noise spectroscopy
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Shin Jihyun , Lee Jong-Ho , Yoo Hocheon , Lee Sung-Tae
Published: June 2023

This study examines the low-frequency noise characteristics of the 2,7-dioctyl[1] benzothieno[3,2-b][1] benzothiophene organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) having a CYTOP dielectric layer. Specifically, the fabricated OTFT exhibits 1/f noise, and its behavior is explained via a carrier number fluctuation model. Additionally, the volume trap density (NT) of the gate dielectric is quantitatively evaluated and compared with its counterpart having SiO2 dielectric layer. The analysis of the results shows that the hydrophilic entities of the dielectric layer strongly influence the NT, while the CYTOP having hydrophobic properties provides less NT than that of SiO2.
All-optical spatiotemporal phase-matching of high harmonic generation using a traveling-grating pump field
Authors: Shoulga Georgiy , Barir Gilad Robert , Katz Oded , Bahabad Alon
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate spatiotemporal phase-matching of high harmonic generation both theoretically and experimentally utilizing a pump field in the form of a traveling intensity grating. Such an arrangement has the potential to enable selective enhancement of specific harmonic orders while fine-tuning their frequency by controlling the spatial and temporal parameters of the pump.
Ablation loading of barium ions into a surface-electrode trap
Authors: Shi X. , Todaro S. L , Mintzer G. L. , Bruzewicz C. D. , Chiaverini J. , Chuang I. L.
Published: June 2023

Trapped-ion quantum information processing may benefit from qubits encoded in isotopes that are practically available in only small quantities, e.g., due to low natural abundance or radioactivity. Laser ablation provides a method of controllably liberating neutral atoms or ions from low-volume targets, but energetic ablation products can be difficult to confine in the small ion-electrode distance, micron-scale microfabricated traps amenable to high-speed, high-fidelity manipulation of ion arrays. Here, we investigate ablation-based ion loading into surface-electrode traps of different sizes to test a model describing ion loading probability as a function of effective trap volume and other trap parameters. We characterize loading of ablated barium from a metallic source in two cryogenic surface-electrode traps with 730 and 50 μm ion-electrode distances. Our loading rate agrees with a predictive analytical model, providing insight for the confinement of limited-quantity species of interest for quantum computing, simulation, and sensing.
Noise–dissipation relation for nonlinear electronic circuits
Authors: Van Brandt Léopold , Delvenne Jean-Charles
Published: June 2023

An extension of fluctuation–dissipation theorem is used to derive a “speed limit” theorem for nonlinear electronic devices. This speed limit provides a lower bound on the dissipation that is incurred when transferring a given amount of electric charge in a certain amount of time with a certain noise level (average variance of the current). This bound, which implies a high energy dissipation for fast, low-noise operations (such as switching a bit in a digital memory), brings together recent results of stochastic thermodynamics into a form that is usable for practical nonlinear electronic circuits, as we illustrate on a switching circuit made of an nMOS pass gate in a state-of-the-art industrial technology.
Combining particle and field-theoretic polymer models with multi-representation simulations
Authors: Lequieu Joshua
Published: June 2023

Particle-based and field-theoretic simulations are both widely used methods to predict the properties of polymeric materials. In general, the advantages of each method are complementary. Field-theoretic simulations are preferred for polymers with high molecular weights and can provide direct access to chemical potentials and free energies, which makes them the method-of-choice for calculating phase diagrams. The trade-off is that field-theoretic simulations sacrifice the molecular details present in particle-based simulations, such as the configurations of individual molecules and their dynamics. In this work, we describe a new approach to conduct “multi-representation” simulations that efficiently map between particle-based and field-theoretic simulations. Our approach involves the construction of formally equivalent particle-based and field-based models, which are then simulated subject to the constraint that their spatial density profiles are equal. This constraint provides the ability to directly link particle-based and field-based simulations and enables calculations that can switch between one representation to the other. By switching between particle/field representations during a simulation, we demonstrate that our approach can leverage many of the advantages of each representation while avoiding their respective limitations. Although our method is illustrated in the context of complex sphere phases in linear diblock copolymers, we anticipate that it will be useful whenever free energies, rapid equilibration, molecular configurations, and dynamic information are all simultaneously desired.
Flow dynamics and noise generation mechanisms in supersonic underexpanded rectangular and planar jets
Authors: Liang Long-Long , Wan Zhen-Hua , Ye Chuang-Chao , Zhang Peng-Jun-Yi , Sun De-Jun , Lu Xi-Yun
Published: June 2023

In this study, large eddy simulations of two rectangular jets with different aspect ratios and one planar jet with spanwise periodic boundaries are carried out in an attempt to investigate and clarify some key issues regarding the flow dynamics and noise generation mechanisms for the screech tone. The substantial effects of the nozzle configuration on shock structures and noise are first revealed in detail. It is found that when the lateral confinement is weakened, the spacing of the shock cells increases and the jet oscillates more intensively in the minor-axis plane, increasing the noise level and altering the screeching frequency. By analyzing the pressure fluctuations of the shear layer in the wavenumber-frequency space, different kinds of waves in these supersonic jets are examined. Importantly, it is revealed that the guided jet wave should play a dominant role in closing the resonance loops rather than the acoustic wave. Moreover, the energy-containing structures with pertinent frequencies are extracted by employing the reduced-order variational mode decomposition, and some underlying flow dynamics are presented. Especially, a novel mechanism has been identified: the low-frequency stretching motions of shock cells have a significant modulation effect on the screeching amplitude in the planar jet. Furthermore, with the aid of the multi-process acoustic theory, the characteristics of physical noise sources are diagnosed, particularly the source mechanisms related to the screech tone. The general structures and distribution of the kinematic noise source Sβ and entropy noise source Se are presented. Sβ mainly exhibits a vortex-like structure near the nozzle, while Se exhibits a lamellar bilayer structure. The spatiotemporal correlations between the physical sources and far-field noise show that the dominant mechanisms for the screech tone rely on the nozzle configuration and the screech tone tends to be produced by multiple sources in all cases.
Influence of solvent quality on the swelling and deswelling and the shear modulus of semi-dilute solution cross-linked poly(vinyl acetate) gels
Authors: Horkay Ferenc , Douglas Jack F.
Published: June 2023

We systematically examine the influence of varying temperature (T) over a large range in model poly(vinyl acetate) gels swollen in isopropyl alcohol. The theta temperature Θ, at which the second virial coefficient A2 vanishes, is found to be equal to within numerical uncertainty to the corresponding high molecular mass polymer solution value without cross-links, and we quantify the swelling and deswelling of our model gels relative to their size at T = Θ, as customary for individual flexible polymer chains in solutions. We also quantify the “solvent quality” dependence of the shear modulus G relative to G(T = Θ) and compare to the gel swelling factor, α. We find that all our network swelling and deswelling data can be reduced to a scaling equation of the same general form as derived from renormalization group theory for flexible linear polymer chains in solutions so that it is not necessary to invoke either the Flory–Huggins mean field theory or the Flory–Rehner hypothesis that the elastic and mixing contributions to the free energy of network swelling are separable to describe our data. We also find that changes of G relative to G(T = Θ) are directly related to α. At the same time, we find that classical rubber elasticity theory describes many aspects of these semi-dilute solution cross-linked networks, regardless of the solvent quality, although the prefactor clearly reflects the existence of network defects whose concentration depends on the initial polymer concentration of the polymer solution from which the networks were synthesized.
Pseudospin-layer coupled edge states in an acoustic topological insulator
Authors: Li Shi-Feng , Guan An-Yang , Wang Chang-Chun , Zou Xin-Ye , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: June 2023

The acoustic pseudospin edge states characterized by backscattering immunity and unidirectional transport provide a basis for designing devices with unconventional functions. In this Letter, we report pseudospin-layer coupled acoustic topological edge states realized by two layers of coupled honeycomb sonic crystals. With the additional layer degree of freedom, we define two distinctly different topological invariants that collectively determine the direction of the acoustic vortex and the layer polarization. We achieve an interesting phase diagram and explore the edge states between different phases. Additionally, we extend the topological edge states to the heterostructure and experimentally verify its capability to focus acoustic waves and convert layer polarization. Our work may provide a feasible platform for the manipulation of acoustic waves and could have promising applications in various areas, such as acoustic signal transmission and splitting.
Manipulating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in sheep: depletion of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by feeding different grain types
Authors: Taylor R. D. , Clayton E. H.
Published: June 2023

Context Plasma fatty acid profiles provide evidence of short-term feeding, while red blood cells (RBC) indicate longer-term feeding effects. Information on the rate of change in fatty acid profiles of sheep blood over time after alterations in diet is lacking. This study monitored the short- and longer-term effects of feeding grain-based diets to lambs on changes to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in blood fractions over 21 days. The data provide a guide to managing omega-3 PUFA availability for adequate tissue accretion of these fatty acids. Aims To determine the rate of depletion over 21 days of omega-3 PUFA in the blood fractions of sheep fed on grain-based diets. Methods Blood samples were taken from ewes taken off pasture and fed grain-based diets for 21 days. Fatty acid profiles in the blood plasma and RBC were used to monitor the rate of depletion of omega-3 PUFA. Key results Immediate changes in plasma omega-3 PUFA concentrations occurred from the first day of grain feeding. The omega-3 PUFA content declined continuously on all five grains, but with substantial differences among them. RBC omega-3 PUFA contents displayed great variation across individual sheep but depletion was not significant. Conclusions Plasma omega-3 PUFA depletion immediately on grain feeding indicated a lower availability for tissue accretion in growing sheep following short-term changes in diet. The lack of change in RBC omega-3 PUFA concentrations over 21 days indicated a differential accumulation of these fatty acids in this lipid depot compared with plasma, and changes in other tissues should also be examined. Implications The effect of these short- and long-term changes on LCn-3PUFA accumulation in meat and reproductive tissues warrants further investigation.
Functional calcium-responsive parathyroid glands generated using single-step blastocyst complementation
Authors: Kano Mayuko , Mizuno Naoaki , Sato Hideyuki , Kimura Takaharu , Hirochika Rei , Iwasaki Yasumasa , Inoshita Naoko , Nagano Hisato , Kasai Mariko , Yamamoto Hiromi , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Suga Hidetaka , Masaki Hideki , Mizutani Eiji , Nakauchi Hiromitsu
Published: June 2023

Patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism require lifelong replacement therapy to avoid life-threatening complications, The benefits of conventional treatment are limited, however. Transplanting a functional parathyroid gland (PTG) would yield better results. Parathyroid gland cells generated from pluripotent stem cells in vitro to date cannot mimic the physiological responses to extracellular calcium that are essential for calcium homeostasis. We thus hypothesized that blastocyst complementation (BC) could be a better strategy for generating functional PTG cells and compensating loss of parathyroid function. We here describe generation of fully functional PTGs from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with single-step BC. Using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of
Glial cells missing2
(
Gcm2
), we efficiently produced aparathyroid embryos for BC. In these embryos, mESCs differentiated into endocrinologically mature PTGs that rescued
Gcm2
−/−
mice from neonatal death. The mESC-derived PTGs responded to extracellular calcium, restoring calcium homeostasis on transplantation into mice surgically rendered hypoparathyroid. We also successfully generated functional interspecies PTGs in
Gcm2
−/−
rat neonates, an accomplishment with potential for future human PTG therapy using xenogeneic animal BC. Our results demonstrate that BC can produce functional endocrine organs and constitute a concept in treatment of hypoparathyroidism.
Comparative analysis of the acoustical impedance of a set of traditional trombones versus P-Bone
Authors: Esteve-Rico J C , Vera-Guarinos J , Gallego S , Francés J
Published: June 2023

In this work, the impedance response of a set of trombones is analysed in order to find correlations between their sound and timbre and the main characteristics of the impedance curves. For this specific application, an impedance tube has been designed and manufactured to measure the different trombones’ impedance curves. A plastic trombone (P-Bone) has been considered in the experiments to determine the importance of the material used to fabricate the instrument. In order to parametrise the trombones considered here, the instrument profile has been theoretically studied using a conical approach. More precisely, the tube and bell cone of the trombone has been discretised along its length in a set of small conical segments. Also, the influence of the mouthpiece is considered in the analytical formalism, and all these factors are optimised by employing a genetic algorithm to find the physical parameters that fit the experimental impedance curves. The experimental results are also compared with the opinions obtained from a survey about the subjective assessment of the same music passage recorded with the different instruments considered here. The results show that the impedance curve and some of the fitted parameters obtained correlate with the assessment of trombones in the blind survey. Moreover, the quality of the impedance tube here designed reveals that it is an excellent option to find leakages or dysfunction in this instrument.
A low-cost fabrication method for high aspect ratio nano-channels by near-field UV exposure and thermal nanoimprinting
Authors: Zhang Wenlei , Yin Zhifu , Sun Lei
Published: June 2023

A low-cost fabrication method for high aspect ratio nano-channels is proposed in this paper. The near-field exposure principle based on Fresnel diffraction was analyzed and the silicon nano-mold with the height of 962 ± 9 nm and width of 332 ± 12 nm was produced. Furthermore, the applicable demolding conditions for high aspect ratio nanoimprinting were studied, and the SU-8 nano-channels with the height of 947 ± 17 nm and width of 336 ± 13 nm were fabricated.
Kagome surface states and weak electronic correlation in vanadium-kagome metals
Authors: Ding Jianyang , Zhao Ningning , Tao Zicheng , Huang Zhe , Jiang Zhicheng , Yang Yichen , Cho Soohyun , Liu Zhengtai , Liu Jishan , Guo Yanfeng , Liu Kai , Liu Zhonghao , Shen Dawei
Published: June 2023

RV

6

Sn

6

(R = Y and lanthanides) with two-dimensional vanadium-kagome surface states is an ideal platform to investigate kagome physics and manipulate the kagome features to realize novel phenomena. Utilizing the micron-scale spatially resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we report a systematical study of the electronic structures of RV

6

Sn

6

(R = Gd, Tb, and Lu) on the two cleaved surfaces, i.e. the V- and RSn1-terminated (001) surfaces. The calculated bands without any renormalization match well with the main ARPES dispersive features, indicating the weak electronic correlation in this system. We observe ‘W’-like kagome surface states around the Brillouin zone corners showing R-element-dependent intensities, which is probably due to various coupling strengths between V and RSn1 layers. Our finding suggests an avenue for tuning electronic states by interlayer coupling based on two-dimensional kagome lattices.
Disorder effect on intersubband optical absorption of n-type δ-doped quantum well in GaAs
Authors: Noverola-Gamas H , Macias Rojas L G , Azalim S , Oubram O
Published: June 2023

The inevitable structural disorder associated with the fluctuation of the applied external electric field, laser intensity, and bidimensional density in the low dimensional quantum system can affect noticeably optical absorption properties and the related phenomena. In this work, we study the effect of structural disorder on the optical absorption properties in delta-doped quantum wells (DDQWs). Starting from effective mass approximation and the Thomas-Fermi approach as well as using the matrix density, the electronic structure and the optical absorption coefficients of DDQWs are determined. It is found that the optical absorption properties depend on the strength and the type of structural disorder. Particularly, the bidimensional density disorder suppresses strongly the optical properties. Whilst, the disordered external applied electric field fluctuates moderately in the properties. In contrast, the disordered laser holds absorption properties unalterable. So, our results specify that to have and preserve good optical absorption properties in DDQWs, requires precise control of the bidimensional. Besides, the finding may improve the understanding of the impact of the disorder on the optoelectronic properties based on DDQWs.
Insights into the effect of growth on the Ziff–Gulari–Barshad model and the film properties
Authors: Cheimarios N
Published: June 2023

We perform kinetic Monte Carlo computations with a modified Ziff–Gulari–Barshad (ZGB) model which considers the growth of a film. We show that the growth of the film significantly affects the conclusions that can be drawn from the ZGB model, even if the main mechanism, the surface reaction, remains the same. We compare the results of the growth model to the original ZGB and the phase transitions disappears; they are replaced by a smooth transition from 0 to full coverage. The latter observations qualitatively agree with experimental measurements for the CO2 formation. However, in the growth model the surface is always poisoned to a particular coverage values due to the local height differences of the lattice sites. Finally, a potential mechanism based only on surface phenomena which can lead to the decrement of the growth rate even if the amount of the precursor increases is explored.
On zeros and spectral property of self-affine measures
Authors: Wang Zhi-Yong , Liu Jing-Cheng , Dong Xin-Han
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the spectral property of self-affine measures

μ

M
,
D

generated by an expanding integer matrix

M
∈

M
n

(

Z

)

and a finite digit set

D
⊂

Z

n

, i.e. investigate whether the function in

L
2

(

μ

M
,
D

)

has a Fourier expansion. Let

Z
D
n

=
{
x
∈
[
0
,
1

)
n

:

∑

d

∈
D

e

2
π
i
⟨

d

,
x
⟩

=
0
}

and

E
q
n

=
(

q

−
1

Z

n

∩
[
0
,
1

)
n

)
∖
{
0
}

for some integer

q
⩾
2

. Through the discussion of the relationships between

Z
D
n

and

E
q
n

, we establish some criteria to determine whether

μ

M
,
D

is spectral or non-spectral. Indeed, under those suitable assumptions, if

μ

M
,
D

is a spectral measure, we find its spectrum; otherwise, we give the maximum number of orthogonal exponential functions in

L
2

(

μ

M
,
D

)

. As an application, our results can contain some well-known conclusions.
The influence of plasma evolution on a kinetic scenario of collisional relaxation of a magnetized plasma
Authors: Erofeev V I
Published: June 2023

For a magnetized plasma, a reduction of the two-time formalism (Erofeev 2019 J. Plasma Phys.
85 905850104, Erofeev 2022 Contrib. Plasma Phys.
62 e202100140) to a highly informative scenario of redistribution of charged particles in momentum due to Coulomb collisions is reported. The consideration focuses on the standard case of an ideal classical ionized homogeneous plasma. It is found that the leading-order approximation of the scenario is consistent with the well-known generalizations of the Lenard–Balescu equation (Lenard 1960 Ann. Phys.
10 390–400, Balescu 1960 Phys. Fluids
3 52–63) that take into account the leading magnetic field effect (Rostoker 1960 Phys. Fluids
3 922–7, Hassan and Watson 1977 Plasma Phys.
19 237–47). A correction to the collision integral of this equation is developed that is due to time variations of plasma parameters.
Study of the erosion and redeposition of W considering the kinetic energy distribution of incident ions through a semi-analytical model
Authors: Cappelli L , Fedorczak N , Gunn J P , Di Genova S , Guterl J , Serre E
Published: June 2023

In today’s nuclear fusion devices, erosion of high-Z metallic plasma-facing materials (PFMs) is mainly caused by physical sputtering. That is, by the exchange of energy between plasma ions and the atoms in the walls. In most of the numerical codes currently in use impinging plasma is approximated as a fluid. By averaging the incident particles’ energy distribution the high-energy population of the eroded material is underestimated. For heavy materials such as W, high-energy eroded particles tend to ionize far from the wall and they are less affected by the sheath electric field hence, not being attracted back to the wall, they have a higher chance to contaminate the core plasma. This could in turn result in an underestimation of the net erosion sources. In this work, a semi-analytical model was developed to include the energy distribution of the incident particles. Then, by Monte Carlo method, the net erosion of tungsten from a smooth PFM was calculated. The results show that the kinetic description in energy is important only for incident particles ionized once. For instance, it is particularly important for plasma ions such as Deuterium. It is seen that Deuterium contribution to the W net sources is not always negligible if compared to light impurities or to tungsten self-sputtering in the range of plasma parameters tested. Finally, results show that the difference between the fluid and kinetic models becomes more pronounced for high-screening plasma conditions.
A first principle investigations for electronic, optical and mechanical response of novel Ba2AgIO6 perovskite
Authors: Karwasara Hansraj , Khan Karina , Pant Nirajan , Acharya Rabin , Adhikari Rajendra , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A M , Abdelbacki Ashraf M M , Soni Amit , Sahariya Jagrati
Published: June 2023

The double perovskite compound, Ba2AgIO6 has been studied through density functional theory to explore its mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. To examine the mechanical stability of the compound, elastic constants, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus have been computed. The computed electronic properties show the direct band gap semiconducting nature of the studied perovskite compound. The optical properties of Ba2AgIO6 are interpreted with the help of energy dependent dielectric tensor, absorption, reflection, refraction, and energy loss spectra. From the present study it is found that Ba2AgIO6 is suitable for the various photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
Image encryption algorithm based on multi-bit superposition and optical chaos
Authors: Weihao Chen , Xuefang Zhou , Le Sun , Minjun Li , Jinyang Liu , Qiliang Li
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the problem that the leakage of single-layer key encryption may lead to the theft of image information, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on multi-bit superposition and optical chaos. The generated optical chaotic sequence is used to encrypt the encrypted image together with the user input key. In the scrambling stage, the 3D-cat map is used to encrypt the bit plane, and the multi-bit superposition method is used to encrypt the key space between the bit planes again by using the sub-block internal and external encryption methods. In the diffusion stage, the Logistic-tent map is used to diffuse the scrambling image to generate the ciphertext image, and the optical chaotic waveform is used as the carrier to mask the ciphertext image information in the transmission process. At the recipient, the ciphertext image information is obtained through the synchronized optical chaotic waveform, and the image is decrypted by using the synchronized optical chaotic sequence and the key transmitted through the secure channel. If only one of the two cannot decrypt the image, the security of image transmission is improved. The simulation results show that the correlation of adjacent pixels of the image encrypted by the algorithm is close to zero, the gray histogram is evenly distributed, the pixel change rate, the normalized average change intensity and the block average change intensity are close to the ideal value, and the sensitivity of the plaintext is further enhanced, which can effectively resist statistical attacks, differential attacks and exhaustive attacks.
The synthesis of MgO and MgO-graphene nanocomposite materials and their diode and photodiode applications
Authors: Yildirim Gamze Bozkurt , Daş Elif
Published: June 2023

The progress of modern life is largely based on technological developments. This is possible with the development of materials that increase the functionality of electronic devices. In this regard, the present work reports the synthesis of MgO and MgO-graphene (MgO-G) composite materials and their device applications. In the first step, MgO and MgO-G nanomaterials synthesis were carried out and then multiple approaches were used to characterize their structural, optical, and morphological properties as an interfacial layer. In the next step, the MgO/n-Si and MgO-G/n-Si device structures were fabricated by using the spin coating method. Finally, their diode and photodiode properties were investigated in the dark and under varied light energy. The dark current-voltage (I–V) measurements show that the MgO-G/n-Si exhibits better electrical properties compared to the MgO/n-Si device. Similar results are observed for the photo I–V measurements as well. The MgO-G/n-Si diode exhibits excellent self-powered photoresponse characteristics with an optical responsivity of 141 mAW−1, light on/off ratio of ∼2.2 × 103 ,and specific detectivity of 9.84 × 108 Jones at −1 V, which is higher than MgO/n-Si diode (0.541 mAW−1, 28.2 and 6.89 x 106 Jones) under the 1 Sunlight intensity. The obtained results show that the fabricated MgO-G/n-Si diode has a promising potential for optoelectronic application.
Visually meaningful image encryption scheme using multi-parameter fractal theory and block synchronous sorting diffusion
Authors: Gan Zhihua , Sun Mengge , Song Yalin , Chai Xiuli , Jiang Donghua , Long Guoqiang , He Xin
Published: June 2023

Traditional visually meaningful image encryption (VMIE) works by embedding a secret image (SI) into a visually meaningful carrier image (CAI), thus achieving the dual protection of both data information and appearance features. However, the current VMIE algorithm still suffers from problems of reconstruction quality and transmission efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposes an innovative VMIE algorithm that utilizes a newly designed two-dimensional hyperchaotic map, multi-parameter fractal matrix (MPFM) theory and compressive sensing. The proposed algorithm achieves dual protection of both the semantic information and appearance image data. First, a newly designed 2D infinite triangle folding map (2D-ITFM) is presented to generate a binary key-controlled measurement matrix to measure and compress a plain image (PI) to generate measured image (MI) and decrease the amount of transmission information. Next, based on the hyperchaotic map 2D-ITFM and MPFM, we present the inter-block scrambling (IBS) algorithm and intra-block synchronous sorting diffusion (IBSSD) algorithm, which are used to process the MI and generate SI. Then, the matrix encoding embedding (MEE) technique is utilized to hide the SI into the CAI to produce a visually secure cipher image (CII). Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our scheme is effective in improving the anti-attack ability while guaranteeing good imperceptibility and reconstruction performance. This scheme can be employed in the field of information security communication.
The Goos-Hänchen shift analysis in optical lattices under the parity-time symmetry
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Malik Huma , Ali Anwar , Huang Haibo , Ziauddin
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the Goos-Hӓnchen(GH) shift of the reflected light of an ensemble of optical lattices in a cavity. We consider a lambda-type ensemble of three-level atoms to form the optical lattice and apply three fields, two weak fields (probe and microwave) and one strong field. The microwave field transforms the medium into a gain medium, resulting in the optical lattice containing both loss and gain. The co-existence of gain and loss leads to parity-time symmetry in the system. By satisfying the parity-time symmetry condition, we can modify the magnitude of the GH shift. Our results suggest that the GH shift can be controlled in systems exhibiting parity-time symmetry.
Revisiting boundary-driven non-equilibrium Markov dynamics in arbitrary potentials via supersymmetric quantum mechanics and via explicit large deviations at various levels
Authors: Monthus Cécile
Published: June 2023

For boundary-driven non-equilibrium Markov models of non-interacting particles in one dimension, either in continuous space with the Fokker–Planck dynamics involving an arbitrary forceF(x) and an arbitrary diffusion coefficientD(x), or in discrete space with the Markov jump dynamics involving arbitrary nearest-neighbor transition ratesw(x±1,x), the Markov generator can be transformed via an appropriate similarity transformation into a quantum supersymmetric Hamiltonian with many remarkable properties. We first describe how the mapping from the boundary-driven non-equilibrium dynamics towards some dual equilibrium dynamics (see Tailleuret al2008J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.41505001) can be reinterpreted via the two corresponding quantum Hamiltonians that are supersymmetric partners of each other, with the same energy spectra. We describe the consequences for the spectral decomposition of the boundary-driven dynamics, and we give explicit expressions for the Kemeny times needed to converge towards the non-equilibrium steady states. We then focus on the large deviations at various levels for empirical time-averaged observables over a large time-windowT. We start with the always explicit Level 2.5 concerning the joint distribution of the empirical density and of the empirical flows before considering the contractions towards lower levels. In particular, the rate function for the empirical current alone can be explicitly computed via the contraction from the Level 2.5 using the properties of the associated quantum supersymmetric Hamiltonians.
The UHURA project at a glance – motivation and objectives
Authors: Hasabnis A , Wild J , Strüber H , Moëns F , van Rooijen B , Maseland H
Published: June 2023

The European H2020 project UHURA is focusing on the unsteady flow behaviour around high-lift systems and will first time deliver a deeper understanding of critical flow features at new types of high-lift devices of transport aircraft during their deployment and retraction together with a validated numerical procedure for its simulation. UHURA performed detailed experimental measurements in several wind tunnels to obtain a unique data set for validation purposes of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, including detailed flow measurements by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and other optical measurement technologies. Advanced CFD methods promising significant improvements in the design lead time are validated against this database to obtain efficient and reliable prediction methods for design.
Krueger Design and Motion Requirements
Authors: Wild J , Strüber H , Vervliet A
Published: June 2023

The industrial valid design of a folding bull nose Krueger leading edge device will be presented. It serves as a geometrical basis for the UHURA project, which investigates the retraction and deployment process with numerical and experimental means.

A set of realistic aerodynamic and kinematic requirements was applied, such as deflection angle range and deployed target position to enable insect shielding. In order to achieve an industrial relevant design solution of a Krueger device, realistic space allocation constraints and structural keep-out-zones were defined within the fixed leading edge.

Numerical shape optimization of the Krueger device was performed to balance size, shape and deployed position with optimal aerodynamic performance, respecting the given requirements and constraints.

Based on that, layout and sizing of the kinematic structural and connecting elements was carried out. Industrial viability was ensured by applying aerospace design rules, as well as relevant material selection, deformation and tolerance analysis.
Development of the initial certification and technology roadmap for the FUTPRINT50 framework
Authors: Moebs N , Reis R , Windels E , Ertman K , van Woensel C , Kipouros T , Westin M , Strohmayer A
Published: June 2023

The main goal of the research project FUTPRINT50 is the acceleration of the introduction of a hybrid-electric regional aircraft. One essential part of this project is to develop a roadmap which couples the technological development with its associated research infrastructure and regulatory aspects. This aims at maximizing the likelihood of a successful hybrid-electric 50-seat regional aircraft with a projected entry-into-service by 2035/2040. This article presents the roadmap framework and methodology worked out by FUTPRINT50. Additionally, it shows the findings of the consortium about key enabling technologies and testing infrastructures necessary to achieve the final integrated demonstrators that provide evidence for lowering the risk of adoption and for bridging mapped regulatory gaps in regard to hybrid-electric propulsion. Furthermore, links to other complementary roadmaps are highlighted. Detail is given on the status of work and follow-up actions towards its completion.
Technology readiness assessment and performance forecast on a 19 seats E-STOL EIS 2032
Authors: Cozzolino Aniello , Apuleo Gianvito , D’Alesio Paolo
Published: June 2023

The European Flightpath 2050 connectivity goal, to enable European people to reach any desired destination, door to door, in 4 hours, increases the interest in Small Air Transportation (SAT), to enhance global connectivity.

The connectivity goal should come alongside with environmental target: FlightPath 2050 aims to reduce by 75% C02 emissions and by 90% NOx emissions. Within the EU Clean Sky 2 framework, a future affordable and green commuter belonging to EASA CS 23 has been designed, collecting all the novel technologies developed in the CleanSky 2 frame [1].

This work presents a further step on the 19-seater development: a technology readiness and assessment to electrify the short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft is presented, considering the expected entry into service (EIS) in 2032, rationalizing the design choices considered as most suitable to obtain a hybrid electric E-STOL and the consequent gains in terms of emission reduction on a typical mission range.
Overview and preliminary results of the Scalability Investigation of hybrid Electric concepts for Next-generation Aircraft (SIENA) project
Authors: Aigner Benedikt , Garriga Ana Garcia , Sirtori Gabriele , Riboldi Carlo , Trainelli Lorenzo , Mariani Costanza , Mancini Mauro
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an overview and preliminary system architecture evaluation results of the project SIENA developed under the European Union Clean Sky 2 Program Thematic Topics. The ambition of the project is to accelerate the development of novel aircraft propulsion technologies by identification of technologies that are scalable across different aircraft categories. One of the main tasks within this process is the aircraft-level evaluation of the various system architecture and technology options. For this, a conceptual aircraft design software developed at Politecnico di Milano, and an aircraft on-board systems design and analysis method developed at Collins Aerospace Applied Research and Technology are combined. Utilizing these joint capabilities, the paper presents system architecture performance studies for two aircraft categories, a regional turboprop (ATR 72) and a short/medium-range turbofan (A320neo). The studies compare novel propulsion system concepts, for which kerosene is replaced with hydrogen as the main energy source on board, against traditional reference systems. In this context, two future technology scenarios are considered reflecting conservative and optimistic assumptions, respectively.
FUTPRINT50 Academy – Aircraft Design Challenge 2022: Development of a hybrid-electric regional aircraft
Authors: Eissele J , Lafer S , Mejía-Burbano C , Schließus J , Wiedmann T , Rotundo C , Beyne E , Hildebrandt K , Peng Y , Alessio C , Moebs N , Eisenhut D , Strohmayer A
Published: June 2023

This proceeding presents summaries of three different European student teams in regard to their work within the FUTPRINT50 Academy Aircraft Design Challenge 2022. The task required them to design a regional aircraft with a newly developed hybrid-electric powertrain. The students came up with very different configurations that all led to sophisticated designs of more sustainable regional aircraft.
Automated sizing chain of aircraft structures: A Vertical Tail Plane use case
Authors: Scarano Miriam , Longueville Sébastien de , Jézégou Joël , Gourinat Yves , Bénard Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Current developments in preliminary design emphasise the potential benefit of addressing detailed sizing cases in the early design stages. This implies a sound understanding of the loads that the structure must withstand and for which it must demonstrate compliance. In aircraft structural practices, stringent safety requirements demand robust designs. It is understood that the foremost limitation and very challenging aspect, in the aviation sector, consists in complying with those requirements while targeting a contained mass. In this respect, the presented work aims to propose an automated implementation of the dimensioning chain by foregrounding a specific subsystem application, id est the Vertical Tail Plane. The conditions corresponding to a set of critical flight loads are identified and used for the sizing process. The use case intends to standardise the process, narrowing down the large number of unknowns on the overall loosely defined design method.
Detailed FE aircraft fuselage sections for water impact simulations in the pre-design process chain
Authors: Leon Muñoz C , Wegener E , Petsch M , Kohlgrüber D
Published: June 2023

The automatic generation of representative fuselage section models with a detailed discretization for the application in computer-aided transient dynamic simulations in the aircraft pre-design process chains is described in this paper. The process consists of Python routines to select and reduce the section from the full fuselage and to refine the mesh and extrude cross-sections in arbitrary zones of the section. By this, different mesh qualities can be integrated in the model according to its individual application. These functionalities were integrated in the structural modelling and sizing framework PANDORA. A simple reinforced panel was used to investigate its structural behaviour with different discretization options under a bending loading condition. Also, a fuselage section model reinforced using either one of the discretization options was subjected to a quasi-static loading. The model was then simulated under crash conditions to investigate its non-linear structural behaviour. The focus of this paper lays on the application and the local structural analysis of the detailed fuselage section in water impact simulations.
Techniques for adjusting qualities of aircraft structural models for more effective aeroelastic flutter analyses
Authors: Olejnik Aleksander , Kachel Stanislaw , Rogólski Robert
Published: June 2023

To solve numerically the problem of aeroelastic flutter, two virtual components are required: a structural finite element model (FEM) and an aerodynamic model. MSC Software package containing Nastran with embedded flutter solution enables to perform calculations with the use of an integrated aeroelastic model. For data block including the model and the set of entry parameters, flutter equation is being solved. On the basis of postprocessed output data curves of run for resulting parameters can be plotted which gives information of flutter critical point.

Numerical results may be subject to some uncertainty. Result deviation could occur as effects of various factors resulting from inaccurate geometry or poor structural qualities of mapped aircraft. Structural defects affecting mass or stiffness matrices of FEM are often hard to identify. Aspects important for effective flutter solutions are strictly connected with the coincidence of structural properties of the real aircraft and its model. In the paper, the method of numerical flutter analysis was presented with the use of techniques available in MSC Nastran. Three assessment methods were proposed to identify structural parameters usable for validating FEMs. The method of mass correction relies on adjustment of model mass values and tuning the location of the center of mass of the model to the coordinates of the location of the center of mass of the real aircraft. For adjusting stiffness of model parts, very useful are results obtained from strength test of the real airframe. The completely reliable but costly method is performing ground vibration tests (GVT) to measure precisely resonant frequencies and natural modes of free vibrations. The results obtained from experiments should be treated as the referenced, but tuning FEM to them requires both adjusting numerical eigenfrequencies and normal modes.