bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis on surgery
Authors: ALTIOK Merih , KURT Feyzi
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pathologies causing biliary stasis together with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) and its effect on conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 11840 patients who underwent cholecystectomy at Seyhan State Hospital between January 2010 and June 2020. After examining the medical records, 40 (0.33%) of 11840 cholecystectomy cases were diagnosed as XGC pathologically.
Results: In the last decade, 40 (0.33%) patients out of a total of 11840 patients who underwent cholecystectomy were diagnosed with XGC. The mean age of the cases was 58 (34-88). In 26 (65%) of 40 patients, surgery was completed laparoscopically. Open surgery was performed in 5 (12.5%) of them. Nine (22.5%) patients were converted from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. In all cholecystectomy cases, the conversion cholecystectomy(CC) rate was 412/11840 (3.4%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) was performed in 13 (32.5%) patients for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes related to bile ducts. The gallbladder wall's average thickness was found to be 8.0 millimeters (± 3.87) on histopathological examination. 38 (95%) patients had an increase in gall bladder wall thickness of 4 millimeters or more. CC rate was found to be high in the subgroup analysis of pathology causing bile stasis and in patients who underwent emergency cholecystectomy.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the pathologies causing bile stasis are observed more frequently in XGC patients than other cholecystitis patients, suggesting that these pathologies may be associated with XGC.
Determining the knowledge levels of secondary education students on tuberculosis before and after training
Authors: ETİZ Pınar
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the results of the training about tuberculosis given to secondary school students and to compare the knowledge levels of the students who received the aforementioned training before and after the training depending on various variables.

Materials and Methods: The universe of this descriptive study consists of 700 students studying in a secondary education institution affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Adana. The sample, on the other hand, consisted of 600 students who are volunteered to participate in the study. Personal information form and tuberculosis information form are used as data collection tools in the study, and the data are obtained in the 2017-2018 academic year.

Results: While females constitute 57.5% of 600 students participating in the study, males constitute 42.5%. The average age of the students is 16.45±1.08 years. The percentages of the tuberculosis knowledge level of the students before the training vary between 10 and 100 and the average is 59.31±15.61. The percentages of the tuberculosis knowledge level of the students after the training vary between 70 and 100 and the average is 95.30±7.35. The average percentage of tuberculosis knowledge level after training was found statistically significantly higher than that of the pre-training level.

Conclusion: The increases in the correct answer to all questions in the questionnaire after the training compared to the pre-training level were found to be statistically significant.
Composite absorbing boundaries for the numerical simulation of seismic waves
Authors: Dai Nanxun , Vafidis Antonios , Kanasewich Ernest
Published: September 2021

Composite absorbing boundary methods are developed for the numerical simulation of seismic waves. These methods combine low-angle absorbing boundary conditions, based on the characteristic analysis of one-dimensional wave equations, with either of two novel wave field modification approaches, namely the anisotropic filters and the one-way sponge filters. The anisotropic filter method adjusts the propagation direction of the waves, so that they reach the boundary at normal angles. The one-way sponge filter method endows the transition zone with a dissipation mechanism that selectively damps the incoming waves. These methods absorb not only the body waves but also the surface waves. A narrow transition zone adjacent to a computational boundary is introduced whose width is smaller than in the sponge filter approach. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of these methods in absorbing the artificial reflections.
Fault-zone waves observed at the southern Joshua Tree earthquake rupture zone
Authors: Hough S. E. , Ben-Zion Y. , Leary P.
Published: September 2021

Waveform and spectral characteristics of several aftershocks of the M 6.1 22 April 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake recorded at stations just north of the Indio Hills in the Coachella Valley can be interpreted in terms of waves propagating within narrow, low-velocity, high-attenuation, vertical zones. Evidence for our interpretation consists of: (1) emergent P arrivals prior to and opposite in polarity to the impulsive direct phase; these arrivals can be modeled as headwaves indicative of a transfault velocity contrast; (2) spectral peaks in the S wave train that can be interpreted as internally reflected, low-velocity fault-zone wave energy; and (3) spatial selectivity of event-station pairs at which these data are observed, suggesting a long, narrow geologic structure. The observed waveforms are modeled using the analytical solution of Ben-Zion and Aki (1990) for a plane-parallel layered fault-zone structure. Synthetic waveform fits to the observed data indicate the presence of NS-trending vertical fault-zone layers characterized by a thickness of 50 to 100 m, a velocity decrease of 10 to 15% relative to the surrounding rock, and a P-wave quality factor in the range 25 to 50.
Effects of crustal structure under the Barents and Kara Seas on short-period regional wave propagation for Novaya Zemlya explosions: Empirical relations
Authors: Zhang Tianrun , Lay Thorne
Published: September 2021

Short-period seismic recordings at regional and upper mantle distances from underground explosions at Novaya Zemlya demonstrate that propagation across the continental shelf under the Barents and Kara Seas appears to modify the partitioning of energy between Lg and Sn phases relative to purely continental paths in the Eurasian crust. While the underwater segments of the paths are relatively short, variations in bathymetric characteristics from path to path influence the regional wave field, with systematic behavior that can be used to establish empirical amplitude corrections for regional phases. We analyze a large set of Eurasian recordings to explore the relationship between regional phase energy partitioning and bathymetric characteristics. Maximum water depth along the path is the most influential factor for the Novaya Zemlya data. It has strong linear correlations with the logarithmic rms amplitude of Lg and the ratios Sn/Lg and P/Lg. The maximum water depth probably reflects the extent of necking of the crustal wave guide under the continental margin, which may disrupt Lg modes resulting in Lg to Sn scattering, but there is surprising sensitivity to small variations in bathymetry. Empirical relations like those found here may be useful for nuclear yield estimation and discrimination for regions such as the Korean Peninsula and Persian Gulf, where many seismic phases traverse water-covered continental shelf with poorly known crustal structure.
Calibration of seismometers using ground noise
Authors: Pavlis Gary L. , Vernon Frank L.
Published: September 2021

We have developed and tested a new technique for calibration of seismometers using continuous recordings of ground noise. The method is founded on analytic techniques recently developed for estimation of transfer functions in magnetotellurics. We find that the technique can produce precise, absolute calibration measurements on sensors that do not have calibration coils. The data used are obtained by placing two sets of sensors close enough together that we can assume they record the same ground motion. It is further assumed that one of the sensors has a known, absolute calibration. One then records ground noise of sufficiently high amplitude to guarantee that one is recording above the amplifier noise floor across the entire frequency band of interest. Data are recorded for a time period that depends upon the lowest frequency that is to be resolved. The data is then divided into a series of N partially overlapping time windows, transfer-function estimates are calculated from each of these N time windows, and finally a robust mean estimation procedure is used to produce transfer-function estimates at a set of discrete frequencies. We applied this technique to produce calibration estimates for four different types of sensors (GS-13, triaxial 4.5-Hz L-28, STS-2, and triaxial L4) in various recording arrangements. We found that the technique worked extremely well in every case at frequencies above the point where the sensor output dropped into the instrument noise floor. Problems were consistently encountered above some high-frequency limit that depended upon the site and sensor being tested, and, as a result, we conclude that obtaining reliable results at higher frequencies requires more care in the experimental procedure. We show results from 4.5- and 1-Hz passive sensors plastered onto the same pier, which show nearly perfect coherence out to 100 Hz, and excellent agreement with theoretical predictions between 0.03 and 20 Hz. However, above 20 Hz, a systematic phase error plagues our results. Other cases were comparable when care was taken in the experimental procedure, but differed in detail. We argue that there are fundamental problems recording ground noise at these higher frequencies as a result of the following three experimental problems that can be difficult to control: (1) coupling of sensors to a common, stable platform, (2) contamination by acoustic and pier resonances in typical recording vaults, and (3) resonances of the sensor-pier-ground system.
Qp-Qs relations in the sedimentary basin of the upper Mississippi Embayment using converted phases
Authors: Chen Kou-Cheng , Chiu Jer-Ming , Yang Yung-Tun
Published: September 2021

Three-component digital seismograms recorded by the 40 PANDA (Portable Array for Numerical Data Acquisition) stations in the New Madrid seismic zone were analyzed to study seismic wave attenuation in the sedimentary basin using the spectral ratio method. A prominent S-to-P (Sp) converted phase was generated at the boundary between the uppermost sedimentary basin and the underlying Paleozoic rocks. The direct S wave on the horizontal component is characterized by a lower-frequency content than that of the converted Sp wave on the vertical component. The differences in frequency content between the direct S and the Sp converted waves can be attributed to the different attenuation effects between P and S waves in the unconsolidated sediments. The spectral ratio between the low-frequency S wave and the high-frequency converted Sp wave from the bottom of the sediments can be used to yield a relationship between Qp and Qs in the sediments. Results from PANDA stations with well-constrained spectral ratios in the frequency range from 2 to 25 Hz give the Qp value ranging from 25 to 60 and Qs from 25 to 30 for the sedimentary basin in the upper Mississippi Embayment.
Liquefaction during the 1990 Manjil, Iran, earthquake, I: Case history data
Authors: Yegian M. K. , Ghahraman V. G. , Nogole-Sadat M. A. A. , Daraie H.
Published: September 2021

During the 1990 Manjil, Iran, earthquake (MS = 7.7), an estimated 35,000 people lost their lives and more than 300,000 were left homeless. The earthquake ground shaking caused enormous destruction of unreinforced structures. In addition, widespread liquefaction contributed significantly to building damage in towns as far away as 85 km from the ruptured fault. Following the earthquake, the authors surveyed the liquefaction regions, conducted geotechnical field explorations, and documented case histories on liquefaction of level ground, liquefaction-induced building settlement, permanent ground displacement, and performance of piles and piers in liquefied soils. This article presents and discusses the data of the case histories investigated. In addition, based on the evidence from the Manjil earthquake, the importance of geologic input in mapping of liquefaction potential in earthquake-prone regions is demonstrated. In the companion article, the authors present the results of their analyses of liquefaction-related case histories.
Global positioning system resurvey of Southern California Seismic Network stations
Authors: Haase Jennifer S. , Hauksson Egill , Kanamori Hiroo , Mori Jim
Published: September 2021

Systematic errors in travel-time data from local earthquakes can sometimes be traced to inaccuracies in the published seismic station coordinates. This prompted a resurvey of the stations of the Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) using the Global Positioning System (GPS). We surveyed 241 stations of the SCSN using Trimble and Ashtech dual-frequency GPS receivers and calculated positions accurate to 3 m using differential positioning from carrier phase measurements. Twelve percent of the stations that were surveyed were found to be mislocated by more than 500 m. Stations of the TERRAscope and USC networks were also surveyed, as well as a network of portable seismic stations deployed shortly after the 1992 Joshua Tree and Landers earthquakes. The new coordinates and the offsets from the old coordinates are given below. The new coordinates are being used in SCSN locations as of 1 January 1994.
Application of genetic algorithms to constrain near-source velocity structure for the 1989 Sichuan earthquakes
Authors: Zhou Ran , Tajima Fumiko , Stoffa Paul L.
Published: September 2021

When a complex earthquake source process is studied using broadband body waveforms, a common problem is finding an adequate layered velocity model for the near-source structure. Tests with several existing crustal models are not sufficient or objective, but an enumerative search scheme to search through a whole possible model space is not practical. We study the feasibility of applying genetic algorithms (GA) to rapidly and effectively explore the model space to find an optimal model for the near-source structure. Our data set consists of multi-station broadband body waveforms of a simple event recorded at teleseismic distances. The near-source velocity structure is approximated by a layered model, and the model parameters include the layer thicknesses and velocities as well as the source depth forming a multi-parameter search space. Test results with synthetic data indicate that optimal models can be found using GA depending on the noise level. When the noise level is low, optimal models are well recovered with small uncertainty. Results with the data of the 1989 earthquakes of Sichuan Province, China, indicate that a three-layer velocity model obtained with GA is in agreement with regional models and better explains the observed waveforms.
An efficient method for computing Green's functions for a layered half-space with sources and receivers at close depths (part 2)
Authors: Hisada Yoshiaki
Published: September 2021

In this study, we improve Hisada's (1994) method to efficiently compute Green's functions for viscoelastic layered half-spaces with sources and receivers located at equal or nearly equal depths. Compared with Hisada (1994), we can significantly reduce the range of wavenumber integration especially for the case that sources and receivers are close to the free surface or to boundaries of the source layer. This can be done by deriving analytical asymptotic solutions for both the direct wave and the reflected/transmitted waves from the boundaries, which are neglected in Hisada (1994). We demonstrate the validity and efficiency of our new method for several cases. The FORTRAN codes for this method for both point and dipole sources are open to academic use through anonymous FTP.
The probability of very large earthquakes in Sumatra
Authors: Sun Jichun , Pan Tso-Chien
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the risk of very large earthquakes in Sumatra. Data for the study were taken from the Earthquake Data Base System of the National Earthquake Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey. In determining the recurrence interval of large earthquakes, the method of Dong et al. (1984) based on the maximum entropy principle was used. If the maximum magnitude of possible earthquakes in Sumatra is assumed to be 8.75, 9.0, or unlimited, the recurrence interval of a magnitude 8.5 earthquake is found to be 430, 283, or 204 yr, respectively. For the three cases, the magnitude of an earthquake with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 yr is determined to be 8.52, 8.64, and 8.85, respectively, on the assumption of Poisson's distribution for earthquake occurrence. The results imply that the risk of a very large earthquake is high in Sumatra, and its consequences on the distant metropolitan areas on the Malay Peninsula should be investigated in further research.
Characteristics of Rg waves recorded from quarry blasts in central Texas
Authors: Goforth Tom T. , Bonner Jessie L.
Published: September 2021

Chemical blasts from quarrying operations in central Texas are routinely recorded by the W. M. Keck Foundation Seismological Observatory near China Spring, Texas. The Keck Observatory consists of a single, broadband, three-component, borehole seismograph system. Five quarries, located at distances ranging from 16 to 101 km from the observatory, each detonate from 1 to 6 tons of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive on the average of twice per week. For every quarry for which the orientation of the working face could be determined, dispersed Rg waves are recorded at the Keck Observatory from those quarries at which the working face is directed away from the observatory, but are not observed or are severely attenuated from those quarries at which the working face is directed toward the observatory. Seismograms containing the dispersed Rg are easily recognized as quarry blasts, but those in which the dispersed Rg is absent look like small earthquakes.
Preliminary work on an early warning and rapid response program for moderate earthquakes
Authors: Scrivner Craig W. , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

Warning of imminent ground shaking due to a large earthquake would be useful to a variety of agencies. This kind of ground-motion prediction is possible in southern California for events with magnitude less than 6, where path effects dominate. The 28 June 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake is presented as a test case for this concept. A single-station inversion of the record from the Pasadena station 20 km SW of the epicenter produces reasonable source parameters for the event. With these source parameters and a library of Green's functions calculated for an average southern California crustal model, ground motions can be predicted throughout the region. In particular, since the peak displacement for the Sierra Madre event occurs at Pasadena before ground motion begins at a station near the San Andreas Fault in San Bernardino, ground motions near the San Andreas Fault can be calculated before the seismic energy has propagated into the area. Considering this scenario in the reverse direction, records from a station near an earthquake on the San Andreas Fault could be used to predict ground motions in the metropolitan Los Angeles area. Broadband, high-dynamic-range seismic instruments produce high-quality records for events over a wide magnitude range. Thus, the development of a warning system can be approached in stages, starting with small events. With path effects determined by modeling moderate-size events, work can begin on developing distributed fault models to predict ground motions of great earthquakes.
Large accelerations and tectonic setting of the May 1993 Shumagin Islands earthquake sequence
Authors: Abers Geoffrey A. , Beavan John , Horton Steven , Jaumé Steven , Triep Enrique
Published: September 2021

Variability of earthquake rupture can lead to large disparities between expected and observed ground motion. To better understand the range of ground motions generated by subduction zone earthquakes, we examine teleseismic and nearsource strong-motion records from an interplate thrust earthquake sequence that occurred near the Shumagin Islands, Alaska Peninsula, in May 1993. The two largest events show source depths of 36 km (May 13) and 42 km (May 25) from inversion of teleseismic waveforms, which place them in the deepest part of the interplate thrust zone. This inference is verified by single-station epicenter estimates, derived from P-wave polarization and S-P times, and by the focal mechanisms. The 13 May 1993 mainshock (MS 6.9) shows peak accelerations of 0.7 to 1.4 m · sec−2 within 75 km of the epicenter, consistent with scaling relations observed elsewhere. The largest aftershock, 25 May (MW 6.1), shows peak acceleration near 8 m · sec−2 at a station 25 km away. The 8 m · sec−2 acceleration is far larger than expected for an earthquake of this size and depth and is perhaps the largest recorded in Alaska. Simple explanations such as site effects and rupture directivity cannot fully account for the anomalous accelerations. The short rupture time of the 25 May event (∼2.8 sec) contributes to high accelerations but cannot explain the factor of 12 variability observed in peak acceleration near the epicenter. Unusual focusing effects and rupture patterns are suspected but cannot be confirmed. Whatever the cause, the unusually high accelerations demonstrate that deep and moderate-sized earthquakes can occasionally produce significant ground motions in subduction zones.
Estudo sociofonético dos róticos no Vale de Itajaí em Santa Catarina / Sociophonetic Study of the Rhotics in the Itajaí Valley in Santa Catarina
Authors: Chaves Maria Luiza , Seara Izabel Christine
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Este estudo, sob o olhar da Sociofonética, apresenta uma análise acústica das variantes dos sons de r-forte na fala de descendentes italianos da cidade de Rio do Sul, Alto Vale do Itajaí - SC. Nessa região, encontramos a variante tepe ([ɾ]), como uma das possibilidades de produção nesse contexto. Participaram da pesquisa seis representantes da comunidade, divididos em três faixas etárias: 20-50, 51-70 e acima de 70, do sexo feminino e masculino, que narraram suas histórias de vida em entrevistas de fala semiespontânea. O corpus foi formado por 147 itens lexicais que apresentavam as variantes de róticos em onset silábico inicial ou medial de palavra. Com base nos resultados acústicos, foi verificada a gradiência dos dados e foi constatado que os descendentes italianos da comunidade estudada produzem, como r-forte, diferentes variantes, além do tepe ([ɾ]). Fatores, como idade, identidade e região de origem, parecem influenciar na variedade de róticos produzidos. Foi observada uma diminuição na produção do tepe na dimensão diageracional, o que aponta para um estudo em tempo aparente.Palavras-chave: róticos; Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC); variação; Sociofonética.Abstract: This study, under the perspective of Sociofonética, presents an acoustic analysis of the variants of the sounds of r-forte in the speech of Italian descendants of the city of Rio do Sul, Alto Vale do Itajaí - SC. In this region, we find the variant tepe ([ɾ]), as one of the production possibilities in this context. Six community representatives participated in the research, divided into three age groups: 20-50, 51-70 and over 70, female and male, who narrated their life stories in semi-spontaneous speech interviews. The corpus was formed by 147 lexical items that presented the rhotic variants in initial or medial syllabic onset of the word. Based on the acoustic results, the gradient of the data was verified and the hypothesis was confirmed that the Italian descendants of the studied community produce, as r-forte, different variants, in addition to the tepe ([ɾ]). Factors, such as age, identity and region of origin, seem to influence the variety of rotics produced. A decrease in the production of tepe in the diagerational dimension was observed, which points to a study in apparent time.Keywords: rothics (R-sounds); Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC); Variation; Sociophonetics.
Formation of primary school children self esteem on the basis of criteria-based assessment
Authors: Syzdykbayeva A. D. , Izmagambetova R. K. , Amirova A. S. , Bainazarova T. B. , Sadykova M. K.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The ongoing socio-economic transformations in society and science education actualise the modern educational policy in the field of personality formation of students who are capable of self-development and self-realisation. In these conditions, the primary school provides an integral system of knowledge, skills, and experience of independent activity and personal responsibility of students. The article deals with the problem of development of self-esteem in primary school children.

Aim. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance among primary school children.

Methodology and research methods. The present research is based on systemic, personal, axiological, and activity methodological approaches. The article includes the study of the types of self-esteem of primary school children, and the level of aspirations. 107 school pupils participated in the research. At the ascertaining stage, diagnostics of the level of formation of self-esteem of younger schoolchildren was carried out. A number of pedagogical conditions to improve the cognitive, evaluative, and behavioural components were implemented at the training stage of the research.

Results. The authors define the following concepts: self-assessment, types of self-assessment, self-assessment of primary school children, the level of claims, and criteria assessment. The programme of diagnostics of the level of formation of self-esteem of primary school children is presented. The indicators (cognitive, evaluative, and behavioural) and levels of formation of self-esteem of the primary school children (low, adequate, overestimated) are defined. The article presents the results of experimental work on the implementation of pedagogical conditions (including primary school children in the process of self-knowledge; gradual involvement of primary school children in self-assessment and reflexive activities; participation of primary school children in the formation of criteria-based assessment) to increase the level of self-esteem of primary school children.

Scientific novelty. The pedagogical conditions, which contribute to the self-esteem of primary school children, are presented for the first time.

Practical significance. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers engaged in the development of lectures, seminars, assignments for independent work.
Specifics of Formation of Professional Skills of Musical Theater Artists in College
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Anufrieva Natalya I. , Bulkina Ekaterina V. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

Every year in Russia there is a growing number of people who want to devote themselves to stage professions. Pop and academic singer, actor of musical and dramatic theater, ballet dancer – here is an incomplete list of specialties that can be obtained in educational institutions of culture and art. The main task of these educational institutions is the professional formation of future stage masters, the formation of competencies that allow students to carry out further acting activities. The basis for the preparation of the future artist is the formation of stage skills, since this complex concept includes the internal (psychological) and external (physical) data of the actor, the possession of the art of reincarnation in the process of creating a stage image, the possession of stage freedom. The professional training of a musical theater artist in college becomes a multifaceted process, where the combination of vocals, dance, acting is aimed at solving the dramatic problems of a musical performance. The purpose of the article is to theoretically justify and identify empirically the specifics of the formation of professional skills of musical theater artists in college.
The Subjective Importance of the Target Perspectives of Retired Servicemen in Late Adulthood
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Shulga Natalya I. , Petrova Elena A. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

The choice of long-range goals by the research participants is represented by a five-year time perspective, the choice of near-term goals is presented by a two-year time perspective. Within the framework of the study, the aspect of the presence of a strength of connection between two parameters was revealed by the method of studying statistical nonlinear relationships: «To master a profession and skill» (SVC in 2 years), and «Master a profession and skill» (SVC in 5 years); «Travel the world» (SVC in 2 years) and «Travel the world» (SVC in 5 years); «Become rich» (SVC in 2 years) and «Become rich» (SVC in 5 years); «Have an interesting social circle» (SVC in 2 years) and “Have an interesting social circle” (SVC in 5 years).
Fears of 18–30-Year-Olds in Moscow and the Moscow Region in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Periods
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Mikhanova Elizaveta V. , Tsvetkova Nadezhda A. ,   Scientific Research Institute, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

The article contains the results of a study conducted at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) and after the abolition of self-isolation (July-August 2020) with the participation of 80 residents of Moscow and the Moscow region who joined the VKontakte social network group (40 men and 40 women aged 18–30). Applied: 1) ISAS questionnaire Yu. Scherbatykh and E. Ivleva, with the help of which the hierarchical structure of the actual fears of the subjects was studied; 2) V. Levy’s method (C-test); 3) multidimensional functional diagnosis of fear (DS). It is shown that at the peak of the pandemic, the male and female samples were dominated by fears of the consequences of the illness of loved ones, the illness of loved ones, and getting sick. At the same time, men were diagnosed with more pronounced fears of responsibility, as well as fears related to sexual function, and aggression towards loved ones; the female sample was distinguished by fears of spiders and snakes, for the heart, “exams”, war, confined spaces, depth, and public speaking. After the lifting of the quarantine in the male and female samples in the hierarchy of fears continued to lead the same fear; the intensity of fears decreased in both samples, however, women were more severe than in men, with increased additional parameters experiences of fear; women found to have a high sensitivity to the parameter “Effects of fear” – they have longer to recover and enter into the usual rhythm of life after the alarming situations of everyday life. The three most “active” fears are noted, the study of which will contribute to this: 1) fear of getting sick; 2) fear of aggression in relationships with loved ones (especially important for young men); 3) mental instability.
“Where is my revolution” – the world in the eyes and works of Maria Sadowska
Authors: Sieńko Piotr
Published: September 2021

Reviewed is a selection of works composed by woman artist composer and songstress Maria Sadowska. These include songs from the “Women's Day” record and from a film of the same title, as well as “Revolution” from the “Table of Contents” album. Due to the method of interpretation I use, the criticism is feminist. I selected precisely these said works for study mainly because the artist has been largely inspired by mothers of feminist thought, such as Susan Sontag, Barbara Kruger and Simone de Beauvoir. The topics touched upon by the artist definitely fall within the interests of feminist criticism. And I hope that taking up the subject of feminism in this context is a timely response to current public interest.
The twilight of determinism and categorical openness of determination in the context of expounding the issue of freedom
Authors: Rojek Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

While the classical form of determinism seems to be in regress as the thesis of physical indeterminism has now been justified, the deterministic model of scientific description of phenomena has not been devalued in science methodologies. However, the present disciplinary forms of determinisms do not represent an unambiguous, uniform, universal, absolute and directly determining pattern, appropriately typical for the classical concept of determinism. In the context of deliberations on the issue of freedom, that fact prompts thinking on the scope of contemporary deterministic elucidations as well as queries whether contemporary compatibilist explanations are still valid with regard to incoherent determinisms. Examining the category of determination will help, among others, to assess the adequacy of Nicolai Hartmann’s philosophy against the background of the on-going dispute over freedom. The thesis of determinative pluralism, rooted in the ontology of the real being, points to the axiological context as indispensable for explaining the problem of freedom, as it is going beyond its often narrowed framework.
Searching for a metaphor of the Anthropocene. Reinterpretation of the Oedipus myth
Authors: Lech Ewa
Published: September 2021

Anthropocene – the epoch of man, a slogan that evokes awareness of the impending ecological catastrophe. Man’s attitude to nature has nowadays become a major problem and its solution or not will determine the further existence of the human species. As humanity, we believe to possess inexhaustible scientific and technical might and potential to run the Earth. Yet today an urgent need has arisen to reverse our present activities designed primarily to boost frenetic economic growth. Prompt action is needed to protect the Earth’s climate. Our mentality needs to be changed. However, the looming ecological threat has not yet evoked large enough concern among men, otherwise so highly expert in many fields nor overcome our inertness and denialism. Hence the need for a metaphor that would inspire change of knowledge and values to help counteract the climate crisis more efficiently. I believe that the story and myth of Oedipus as told by Sophocles is a sufficiently well-known and a motivating one and applicable to the Anthropocene. Reinterpreting the myth, I refer to Paul Ricoeur’s expressed need to grasp and understand the essence of the tragic. I follow C. Levi-Strauss’s thinking in his exploration of mankind’s universal principles of thinking and experience in the myth. I share Michel Foucalt's contention regarding the excess of Oedipus’s power and knowledge. I reverse the attention from events in Thebes to these in Kolonos. The path of Oedipus’ life illustrates the transformation he had undergone having gained new knowledge needed to regain power and to overcome the sense of being a victim of his own actions. I also suggest that the taboo of patricide and incest be not perceived as a proscription but as an advice and also a way of degrading and transforming the “Ego” into “Eco”, that is egocentrism into ecocentrism. In Kolonos, the spiritual strength and the extra knowledge gained by Oedipus ensured protection and security to Athenians. The proposed metaphor of the “Anthropocene” could help to revivify the “sense of tragedy” leading consequently to metanoia, a change of people’s minds, new strength and inspiration to act.
Підходи до удосконалення контейнерних інтермодальних перевезень в умовах впровадження приватної локомотивної тяги
Authors: Бутько Т.В. , Харланова С.В. , Шахраюк В.А.
Published: September 2021

Перспективність збільшення контейнерних перевезень є одним з найважливіших напрямків розвитку зовнішньоекономічних відносин України з країнами-партнерами. Для забезпечення таких великих обсягів перевезень контейнерів залізнична галузь має реформуватись дуже швидко та оперативно реагувати на запити вантажовласників. Для визначення наявної ситуації у сфері вантажних контейнерних перевезень виконано аналіз статистичних даних за попередні періоди.
Експериментальні дослідження в межах України довели, що найбільші простої контейнерів спостерігаються на «першій милі» і на «останній милі». В статті запропоновано підхід, що дає змогу порівняти питомі експлуатаційні витрати на один контейнер в умовах перевезень «за готовністю», який на сьогодні діє на АТ «Укрзалізниця», і «за часом» при наданні «жорсткої нитки» графіка руху поїздів.
Проведений порівняльний аналіз питомих експлуатаційних витрат на запропонованому маршруті доводить доцільність використання приватної локомотивної тяги, що є особливо актуальним в умовах старіння і дефіциту тягового рухомого складу та розвитку економічних зв’язків між країнами
PEAK: Revisão de Literatura das Intervenções Baseadas em Equivalência de Estímulos e RFT para Pessoas com Desenvolvimento Atípico
Authors: Marquetti Izaniele , Gonçalves Yanne R. , Amaral Ana Raquel Q.
Published: September 2021

O PEAK é um instrumento de avaliação e intervenção comportamental com proposta inovadora. O objetivo do presente artigo foi investigar as possibilidades do instrumento para intervenção em equivalência e transformação (RFT). A coleta de dados compreendeu o período de 2014 até 2019 e foi realizada inicialmente no site oficial do instrumento e depois ampliada para periódicos da área. As palavras utilizadas na pesquisa foram “PEAK”, “equivalência” e “transformação”. Os resultados mostraram que o currículo foi eficaz para o ensino de diferentes populações como pessoas com autismo, síndrome de Down e deficiência intelectual. Foram ensinados diferentes conteúdos, como habilidades acadêmicas, relações de sistemas sensoriais e habilidades mais complexas em linguagem e tomada de perspectiva. Como limitações, foram observadas a idade dos participantes e o fato de a maioria dos estudos ter sido realizada pelo grupo de pesquisa do autor do instrumento. Sugerem-se novas investigações.
Utilizando o IRAP para medir a transformação de função de estímulos relacionados a expressões faciais de medo ou de alegria: uma replicação sistemática
Authors: Perez William F. , Barban Marilia , De Almeida João Henrique , Bianchi Paulo Henrique , Nasser Beatriz Z. B. M. , De Aguiar Ellen M. R. , Arena Raquel Araujo , De Araújo Jade
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo teve por objetivo replicar sistematicamente Perez et al. (2019) buscando avaliar a sensibilidade do IRAP à transformação de função dos estímulos em “condições mínimas”, isso é, partindo de um treino relacional com um baixo critério de acerto e na ausência de testes de derivação. Os participantes foram submetidos a um treino relacional que buscou estabelecer relações de coordenação (ou equivalência) entre faces expressando emoção (A1 [medo]; A2 [alegria]) e símbolos sem sentido (B1, B2, C1 e C2). Inicialmente, foram ensinadas as relações AB (A1B1 e A2B2), seguidas das relações BC (B1C1 e B2C2). O critério de acerto para progressão no treino era de 12 respostas corretas consecutivas. Na sequência, a transformação de função (ou do significado) dos estímulos C1 (=medo) e C2 (=alegria) foi avaliada por meio do IRAP. Os resultados sugerem a pronta transformação de significado dos estímulos Cs (C1 e C2) em acordo com as relações arbitrárias envolvidas no treino relacional. Assim, conclui-se que o IRAP é capaz de documentar a transformação de função a partir de relações convencionadas no contexto experimental mesmo quando o participante é exposto a um treino relacional como poucas tentativas e na ausência dos tradicionais testes de emergência ou derivação de novas relações.
The Domestication and Arabization of the Bard: Towards the Reception of Shakespeare in the Arab World
Authors: Hassoon Mohammed Naser
Published: September 2021

Since Najib al-Haddad and Tanyusʻ Abdu’s first Arabic versions of Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet at the end of the 19th century, the reception of Shakespeare in the Arab world has gone through a process of adaptation, Arabization, and translation proper. We consider the process of Arabization / domestication of Shakespeare’s plays since Najib al-Haddad’s adaptation of Romeo and Juliet and Tanyusʻ Abdu’s adaptation of Hamlet, to the achievements of Khalīl Mutran and Muhammad Hamdi. We underline, as particular examples of Shakespeare’s appropriation, the literary response of Ali Ahmed Bakathir, Muhammad al-Maghut and Mamduh Udwan, with a particular stress on Khazal al-Majidi and his adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays. All these writers reposition Shakespeare’s plays in an entirely different cultural space.
Individualization and Oedipalization in Reza Servati’s Adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth: An Expressionist Reworking
Authors: Javidshad Mahdi
Published: September 2021

This article investigates Reza Servati’s Macbeth, an Iranian prize-winning adaptation of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, to discuss the way the adaptor prunes the source text aiming at presenting his distinctive reading of Shakespeare’s play. First, this study is concerned with the way Servati minimalizes the source text and how the process of minimalization serves the adaptor’s preoccupation with the psychological complexities of the characters. Second, it is discussed how Servati’s changes to the source text takes the Renaissance inclination for individualism a step forward. Third, it is argued that the individualism in Servati’s adaptation is aimed at Oedipalization of the play, an attempt that shows the influence of Freudian psychoanalysis. Finally, this article investigates the way Servati’s adaptation can be considered as an expressionist reworking of Shakespeare’s Macbeth by making the individualization of the plot subservient to the expression of the typical course that everyman goes through.
The Medievalism of Emotions in King Lear
Authors: Czarnowus Anna
Published: September 2021

King Lear exemplifies two cultures of feeling, the medieval and the early modern one. Even though the humoral theory lay at the heart of the medieval and the early modern understanding of emotions, there was a sudden change in the understanding of specific medieval emotions in Renaissance England, such as honour as an emotional disposition. Emotional expression also changed, since the late Middle Ages favoured vehement emotional expression, while in early modern England curtailment of any affective responses was advocated. Early modern England cut itself off from its medieval past in this manner and saw itself as “civilized” due to this restraint. Also some medieval courtly rituals were rejected. Expression of anger was no longer seen as natural and socially necessary. Shame started to be perceived as a private emotion and was not related to public shaming. The meaning of pride was discussed and love was separated from the medieval concept of charity. In contrast, in King Lear the question of embodiment of emotions is seen from a perspective similar to the medieval one. The article analyzes medievalism in terms of affections and studies the shift from the medieval ideas about them to the early modern ones.
Modernity: Religious and Ethical Perspectives
Authors: Mouzelis Nicos
Published: September 2021

In Modernity: Religious and Ethical Perspectives Nicos Mouzelis examines the three unique structural features of modern societies: inclusion of the whole population into the nation state, top-down differentiation of institutional spheres and the expansion of individualisation from the top to the base of the social pyramid. The author shows how the above features relate to present day religious phenomena such as secularisation/desecularisation, the new religious movements and the forms of present day spiritualities. He examines the extent to which secularisation and rationalisation led to the “disenchantment of the world”. Later, however, one observes a reaction to the established, hierarchically organised churches and to the adherence, mainly of young people, to less structured religious groups, to religious syncretism and to individual seekers who tried to find “their own God”. From this perspective, one can argue that we have a partial “re-enchantment of the world”.
INTERVENÇÃO URBANA E TEATRO PERFORMATIVO: UMA CARTOGRAFIA DESDE O SUL
Authors: Braga Cleber
Published: September 2021

Este artigo reflete sobre o emprego do termo intervenção urbana para qualificar teatralidades emergentes no espaço público. Dando ênfase aos sentidos atribuídos pelos coletivos artísticos aqui descritos – Elenco de Ouro, da cidade de Curitiba, e Etcétera, de Buenos Aires -, reconhece liminaridades no âmbito da performatividade, do teatro, do ativismo político e da urbanidade. O método da pesquisa foi a cartografia, que possibilitou construir elementos sobre a incorporação do termo por coletivos para qualificar práticas de teatro performativo em espaços públicos, numa insurgência ao entendimento mais tradicional sobre o teatro de rua na America Latina.
AS INFLUÊNCIAS DA ARTE ABSTRATA NOS JOGOS DE TABULEIROS MODERNOS
Authors: Do Carmo Raphael de Alcântara , Lima José Maximiano Arruda Ximenes de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo estabelece relações entre a Arte Abstrata e o jogo de tabuleiro moderno com base nos estudos de Kandinsky (2000) e Woods (2012). Assim, levantamos o seguinte questionamento: que influências da Arte Abstrata são incorporadas nas mecânicas dos jogos de tabuleiros modernos? Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e análises de jogos de tabuleiro. Os resultados obtidos demonstram como o Abstracionismo serve de inspiração para as iconografias dos jogos e também como o processo artístico é representado dentro dessas mecânicas. Apesar disso, dentre os jogos analisados, nenhum se propõe a falar sobre Arte Abstrata especificamente, utilizando obras de arte como componentes de jogo, mas sem se aprofundar na temática.
PULSAÇÕES: PROCESSO ENTRE CORPO, IMAGEM E SENSAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Erico José Souza de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo socializa questões concernentes a elementos do processo de criação do espetáculo  Pulsações, realizado em âmbito artístico-pedagógico do curso de interpretação teatral da Escola de Teatro da UFBA. A partir das noções de corpo, advindas das teorias de Georges Stobbaerts, Sônia Machado de Azevedo, Lenora Lobo e Cássia Navas, imagem e sensação, através das pesquisas de Denize Dall Bello, Adieliton Tavares Cézar, Helena Pinheiro Jucá-Vasconcelos e Júnia César Pedroso, tal trabalho artístico abordou uma metodologia de preparação corporal aplicada aos ensaios do espetáculo, gerando possibilidades de encaminhamentos atorais e encenatórios que revelaram a potência do trabalho com imagens e sensações, desde o processo de montagem até a realização do espetáculo.