bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Link Between Self‐Construal and Distress Among African American and Asian American College Students
Authors: Christopher Michael S. , Skillman Gemma D.
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated ethnicity, self‐construal, and distress among African American and Asian American college students. African American students expressed more salient independent self‐construals, whereas Asian American students expressed more salient interdependent self‐construals. As hypothesized, among African American participants, distress was positively related to interdependent self‐construal and negatively associated with independent self‐construal. Contrary to prediction, the same pattern was found for Asian American participants. Multicultural clinical practice implications are presented.
Using Motivational Interviewing to Address College Client Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Scholl Mark B. , Schmitt Dorothy M.
Published: December 2011

Motivational Interviewing (MI; W. R. Miller & S. Rollnick, 2002) is presented as a potentially effective counseling strategy for assisting traditionally aged college students in reducing their problematic, heavy alcohol use. MI's congruence with two developmental theories—Self‐Determination Theory (R. M. Ryan & E. L. Deci, 2000) and Seven Vector Model (A. W. Chickering & L. Reisser, 1993)—is explored. In addition to presenting a case illustration, recommendations, advantages, and limitations are discussed.
Sleep Habits and Patterns of College Students: An Expanded Study
Authors: Buboltz Walter , Jenkins Steve M. , Soper Barlow , Woller Kevin , Johnson Patrick , Faes Theresa
Published: December 2011

This study represents an expansion of previous research investigating the prevalence of sleep difficulties in college students. Sleep quality and sleep habits were assessed via self‐report questionnaires. Poor sleep quality was reported by 22.6% of participants, whereas 65.9% replied that they experienced occasional sleep problems. More than half of the respondents noted feeling tired in the morning. Implications for counselors and their institutions are discussed.
Walking the Labyrinth: An Innovative Approach to Counseling Center Outreach
Authors: Bigard Michelle F.
Published: December 2011

This article introduces the use of the labyrinth as one systemic approach counseling centers can use when conducting outreach targeting the college community. The author discusses the labyrinth's history and its recent resurgence in professional settings, summarizes the principles of walking the labyrinth, illustrates its introduction on one university campus, and outlines practical considerations for incorporating the labyrinth in college counseling center outreach efforts.
Communication Between College Counselors and Academic Faculty When Supervising Graduate Student Trainees
Authors: Sharkin Bruce S. , Coulter Lisa P.
Published: December 2011

College counseling centers play an important role in the training and supervision of counselor trainees. This article addresses the importance of communication between college counselors and academic counseling program faculty when college counselors supervise graduate students from academic counseling programs. As the authors discuss, effective communication contributes to positive and productive training experiences for graduate student trainees. Suggestions are offered for successful communication between counseling center staff and program faculty.
Correlates of Psychological Abuse Perpetration in College Dating Relationships
Authors: Gormley Barbara , Lopez Frederick G.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the contributions of gender, adult romantic attachment orientations (i.e., avoidance, anxiety), defense mechanisms (i.e., narcissism, other‐splitting), and stressors to college student psychological abuse perpetration (dominance). Men with higher levels of attachment avoidance, narcissistic entitlement, and stressful problems reported more dominance of female partners. Women with higher levels of other‐splitting reported more dominance of male partners. Attachment avoidance contributed to women's dominance of male partners only in the context of elevated narcissistic entitlement or few stressors.
Attachment Styles, Social Skills, and Depression in College Women
Authors: Cooley Eileen L. , Van Buren Amy , Cole Steven P.
Published: December 2011

Attachment styles, social skills, and depression were studied in 93 college women using the Relationship Questionnaire (K. Bartholomew & L. M. Horowitz, 1991), the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (A.T. Beck, R.A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996), and the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (D. Buhrmester, W. Furman, M.T. Wittenberg, & H.T. Reis, 1988). The self and other attachment models and the social skills of negative assertion, self‐disclosure, and conflict management all correlated with depression. Conflict management partially mediated the relationship between attachment self‐model and depression. Implications for counseling are discussed.
College Adjustment Difficulties and the Overt and Covert Forms of Narcissism
Authors: Weikel Kim A. , Avara Renee Mowery , Hanson Chad A. , Kater Hope
Published: December 2011

Overt narcissism correlated negatively with emotional distress and interpersonal difficulties among female, but not male, students. After controlling for self‐esteem, overt narcissism correlated positively with depression among female students and with emotional distress and interpersonal difficulties among male students. Covert narcissism correlated positively with emotional distress and interpersonal and academic difficulties among both male and female students. Associations between covert narcissism and emotional distress and interpersonal difficulties remained after controlling for self‐esteem.
Assessing Cultural Orientation, Cultural Fit, and Help‐Seeking Attitudes of Latina Undergraduates
Authors: Gloria Alberta M. , Castellanos Jeanett , Segura‐Herrera Theresa A. , Mayorga Melissa
Published: December 2011

This study assessed the influence of cultural orientation and cultural fit of 121 Latina undergraduates' help‐seeking attitudes. Mexican and Anglo orientation, cultural congruity, and perceptions of the university environment did not predict help‐seeking attitudes; however, differences emerged by class standing and self‐reported previous counseling experience. Implications for university counselors are provided.
Coping Behaviors, Abuse History, and Counseling: Differentiating College Students Who Self‐Injure
Authors: Wester Kelly L. , Trepal Heather C.
Published: December 2011

Nonsuicidal self‐injury is an important concern that has received limited attention. In this study, the authors explored several factors differentiating three student groups: never self‐injured, self‐injured in the past, and currently self‐injure. Among the factors investigated, results showed that currently self‐injuring students were younger, less likely to use problem‐focused coping behaviors, and substantially more likely to be in counseling. College counseling implications, effect sizes, and limitations are discussed.
Combining Career and Couples Counseling for College Students: A Narrative Approach
Authors: Gibbons Melinda M. , Shurts W. Matthew
Published: December 2011

Career and personal counseling have been dichotomized as distinct practices in much of the counseling literature. However, many college students seek counseling for career development and romantic relationship issues occurring concomitantly. A model for addressing career and relationship issues with heterosexual college couples in a group format is presented. An approach grounded in narrative theory is described, and case examples are provided to illustrate the model.
Sexual Orientation Minorities in College Counseling: Prevalence, Distress, and Symptom Profiles
Authors: McAleavey Andrew A. , Castonguay Louis G. , Locke Benjamin D.
Published: December 2011

Sexual minority group members are at a higher risk for mental health difficulties than are heterosexual individuals. The results of this study showed that college student sexual minorities were common in counseling centers and that they were more likely than heterosexual students to seek counseling. The results also showed that sexual orientation groups differed in meaningful ways from one another, and many sexual orientation groups reported higher levels of psychological symptoms than did heterosexual students.
Commentary: Implications, Themes, and Next Steps
Authors: Hall Gordon C. Nagayama
Published: December 2011

The author presents a commentary on a special issue of the Journal of College Counseling. The articles included in the issue describe the mental health needs and counseling center utilization patterns of the diverse population of college students. The establishment of the Center for Collegiate Mental Health has created the opportunity to study representative groups of diverse students that have previously been difficult to access. The articles in the special issue are focused on studies that offer important clues to mechanisms that will serve as a springboard for future research.
ANALYSIS OF THE INTEREST CHECK LIST FOR INDICATIONS OF BIAS
Authors: Davis Stephen P.
Published: December 2011

This study was done to find out if there are certain types of bias in the Interest Check List (ICL) used by employment counselors. If one analyzes the ICL in terms of modal Worker Trait Group (WTG) areas, the concern about the frequency of certain WTG areas takes on added importance. The issue is one of validity. Is it valid to say that if one responds positively to a WTG area that has only N=1 as compared to three positive responses for a WTG area that has N=12, the former is not a modal WTG? The exclusion of certain WTG areas from the ICL is discussed. A final issue is the orientation toward data‐type jobs rather than people or thing jobs in the ICL.
THE MOBILITY OF TWO‐YEAR TECHNICIAN GRADUATES
Authors: Gillie Angelo C.
Published: December 2011

This study is based on a total population of about 6,200 graduates of electronics and drafting design curriculums from 1955 to 1969. The mobility factors considered in this study are: (a) year of graduation, (b) number of dependents, (c) initial salary, (d) present salary, (e) distance between home‐town high school and present job, (f) distance between home‐town high school and first job, and (g) number of simultaneous job‐resident changes.

Zero‐order correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to identify relationships between the mobility factors. The job characteristics of the graduates were identified by curriculum. The interrelationships between the mobility factors and the job characteristics were identified by zero‐order correlation and linear multiple‐regression techniques.

It was found that (a) there are a number of significant interrelationships within the mobility factors, and (b) there are a number of significant relationships between job characteristics (data, things, and people related roles) and some of the mobility factors.
CONFRONTING THE DISADVANTAGED
Authors: Anderson Wayne P. , Weinberg Sheldon
Published: December 2011

A review of recent innovations in counseling style is presented along with an analysis of the advantages of these innovations over the more traditional counseling framework when dealing with disadvantaged clients. The authors recommend the use of these new, directive methods (categorized as “confrontive counseling”) for the effective counseling of clients of low socioeconomic status.
WORK ADJUSTMENT AND THE EDUCABLE MENTALLY RETARDED ADOLESCENT
Authors: Niziol Ursula M. , DeBlassie Richard R.
Published: December 2011

Various attempts to measure the vocational adjustment of educable mentally retarded adolescents are reported. Most of the research conducted was found to be restricted to the identification of problems in job adjustment or the skills and habits which contributed to such adjustment. Most work maladjustments of educable mentally retarded adolescents were, in general, attributed to poor interpersonal skills. Attempts to construct various tests which would measure job success for these adolescents are also reported.
Predicting Success in Vocational Training By Using the GATB
Authors: HANNERS ETHELE F. , BISHOP THOMAS D.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the relationship between the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB)and class performance of eleventh‐ and twelfth‐grade high school students enrolled in the Current River Area Vocational School, Doniphan, Missouri. Teachers' grades were used as the dependent variable, and the nine independent variables were scores taken from the aptitude factors of the GATB. The stepwise multiple regression technique was used to determine the optimal set of predictors to be used in establishing a regression equation. The results of the project should help in counseling prospective trainees toward trade or shop areas and tentative vocational planning. If not used out of perspective, the G variable in the GATB was the best single predictor of success; the best combination of variables was the G, N, P, F, and M aptitude factors.
Welfare Isn't Working
Authors: LOOMIS ROSEMARY , STARRY RICHARD
Published: December 2011

Welfare and work appear to be two opposing entities. The purpose of this article is to share with the reader what happens when a job service office and a county social service department join forces. Although disillusioned with prevailing attitudes regarding welfare recipients, the two WIN counselors present to the reader possible avenues for change.
A Design for First Line Supervisory Training In Manpower Agencies
Authors: LAWRENCE RICHARD E. , KRIEGER GEORGE W.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a training program to increase supervisory skills in manpower agencies. Supervisors taking part in this program were employed by a state manpower agency in Maryland and trainers were university faculty in rehabilitation counselor education. Reading material and structured assignments combining cognitive and affective material were given, but there was much freedom within the program for participant feedback. Some of these suggestions were used to revise the program as it progressed. Affective activities employed included relaxation, guided fantasy, role playing, and microcounseling. Participants' reactions ranged from satisfaction with the useful skills provided to resentment at the selection method for the training and the time involved, which made further progress impossible. The majority of the participants suggested recommendations for further training of this nature.
Attitudes of Disabled Individuals Enrolled in a Workstation Center and a Community College Program
Authors: WADA MICHAEL A. , BRODWIN MARTIN
Published: December 2011

This study measured the attitudes of disabled individuals toward the staff who gave them rehabilitation services. The attitudes of two groups of clients at a rehabilitation hospital were evaluated: (a) clients from a vocational rehabilitation workshop and (b) clients from a community college satellite program. Testing was performed at three‐week intervals. It was found that clients in the community college program perceived their staff as having more concern than the workshop group. No relationship was found between attitudes and the length of time in the respective program. Clients who entered programs appeared to have attitudes that did not change to any great extent while they were in the rehabilitation programs.
The Inside‐Out Man1
Authors: MONOHAN NORDAHL C.
Published: December 2011

The Arizona Department of Economic Security Ex‐Offender Program is designed to assist clients with multiple severe employment barriers. A fictional case study outlines the problems of a typical client and traces the work of the Ex‐Offender Program from the client's incarceration until after his release.
Wisconsin Job Service Goes to Prison
Authors: DUFFY JAMES , VANDERSTEEN DONALD
Published: December 2011

One of the most serious problems facing a person coming out of prison is unemployment. Employment may be the most important aspect of offender rehabilitation. This article discusses the development of a prerelease employment orientation program. It also looks into the merits of assessment and evaluation of persons entering the prison system to help them take advantage of education and skill‐building resources within the instruction.
Inservice Training and Innovation in Manpower Agencies
Authors: GORDON JESSE E.
Published: December 2011

The utilization of new know ledge in applied social science settings requires that this knowledge be transmitted in formats that are directly relevant, instructional, and parachutable. This article presents information and guidelines to be applied in considering training content, teaching/learning methods, and media. A model program is briefly described.
Development of a U.S. Employment Service Interest Inventory
Authors: DROEGE ROBERT C. , HAWK JOHN
Published: December 2011

Research was conducted to develop an interest inventory corresponding to the interest areas in Volume II of the fourth edition of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. An inventory of 307 occupational activity items was developed and administered to a sample of 1,115 individuals in a selected number of states. The results were analyzed first to determine if it were possible to develop scales measuring the current 10 interest factors in Volume II of the third edition of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (1965). This approach proved to be unsuccessful. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the most important interest factors underlying the 307 items and to develop base scales corresponding to the interest factors. This approach led to identification of readily interpretable interest factors similar in meaning and occupational coverage for men and women and broad enough to include the range of occupations in the economy. These interest factors will form the basis for the new interest inventory.
Closing the Gap Between CETA Supervisee‐Supervisor Perceptions of Work Proficiency and Personal Attributes
Authors: MINOR BILLY JOE , MINOR JOANNE H.
Published: December 2011

Supervisor training was used as a treatment for decreasing the gap between ecological veracity (self versus objective reality) and personal veracity (self versus perceived reality) of CETA supervisees on personal attribute and work‐proficiency dimensions. Research suggests that decreasing this gap increases employability. Interventions aimed at decreasing this gap have focused on changing the behavior of the client or supervisee to conform more to the expectations of the system or supervisor. The present research assumed that supervisors often have faulty perceptions of the behaviors of their supervisees, especially those in CETA jobs. Through supervisor training, we attempted to decrease the gap by changing supervisor perceptions to match those of their supervisees. Training did not produce a significant difference between trained and untrained supervisor‐supervisee groups on objective and perceived reality estimates. As with earlier research in which no training was employed, perceived‐reality estimates were more highly correlated with self‐ratings than objective‐reality estimates and the gap between ecological and personal veracity remained wide.
A Follow‐up Study of Counseling Effectiveness in Placement Outcomes—Data for Fiscal Years 1973 and 1976
Authors: JACOBSEN FRANK
Published: December 2011

A comparison was made of data from fiscal years 1973 and 1976 to determine if the findings of a study made in 1973 were true also in 1976. Basic findings of the 1973 study were “Your chances of being placed on a job by the Employment Service in Utah are greater if you receive assistance from counseling”; “The chances are even greater when you have more than one counseling interview”; “Personalizing the services seems to be the key to being placed on a job.” Other findings of the 1973 study regarding applicant characteristics often considered barriers to placement were not treated in the present study because of difficulties in obtaining the information from fiscal 1976 records.

Results of the current study of 1976 data indicate: Although the advantage in favor of counseled applicants being placed was somewhat less in fiscal year 1976 than in fiscal 1973, counseled applicants' percentage‐of‐placement rate was still higher than that for all applicants in general, and increased numbers of counseling interviews did seem to have a positive effect on the placement rates of counseled applicants but at a slower rate than was found for fiscal 1973.

In the current study an additional factor—renewals—was investigated to determine if higher placement rates accompanied higher numbers of renewals. The findings were positive but deemed inconclusive. Since renewals indicate repeated use of the service, they can be considered to be another measure of the effect of satisfactory service, like placement, rather than a cause of increased placement rates. This additional investigation did determine, however, that at all levels of renewal (except no renewal) the placement rate of counseled applicants was significantly higher than the placement rate of applicants who did not receive counseling.
An Examination of Service Concepts and Leisure Activity
Authors: KAHALAS HARVEY , GROVES DAVID L.
Published: December 2011

Recently, occupational researchers have emphasized the need to examine both work and leisure activities as complementary components for total individual self‐fulfillment. This research examined the complementary relationships between vocational and avocational pursuits in a study of a single occupation. Since the occupation was service and community based and emphasized social responsibility and relating to others, these were the primary vocational constructs examined. These variables were related to leisure variables and the resulting relationships were examined. A profile relating vocational and avocational aspects for a particular occupation was postulated.
Increasing Client Employability Through Skill Development
Authors: BROWN ROBERT W. , KOTTLER JEFFREY A.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a three‐part model for counseling in an employment setting. Three stages of the job cycle are identified: job preparation, search, and survival. The specific skills relevant to each stage represent potential content for individual and group employment counseling, but do not necessarily apply to all clients in all situations. The skills when learned have broad applicability to nonjob aspects of clients' lives, contributing to an overall improvement in personal effectiveness.
Standardized Tests Used in Correctional Institutions
Authors: SMITH S. MAE
Published: December 2011

This study provides data from 11 adult correctional institutions on the percentage of residents who took standardized tests — educational, intelligence, vocational, and psychological tests — over a one‐year period. The Gray‐Votaw‐Rogers and the General Educational Development tests were the most often administered educational tests. Many more residents were given educational or academic achievement tests than intelligence tests. The two measures of personality most common to all institutions in the study were the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank. Five of the 11 institutions gave no vocational tests other than the General Aptitude Test Battery. Many individual differences in institutions are noted.
Where Freud Took a Wrong Turn: A Rationale and Advocacy for Short‐term Counseling
Authors: TRIMMER HARVEY W. , TRIMMER JUDITH A.
Published: December 2011

This article points to a fallacy in Freud's theory and treatment methods that have had disastrous effects for all helping professionals. It explores an alternative method that uses time limitation and confrontation as the basic counseling tools and techniques.
The Lessons of HEP: Education, Career Education, and Enrichment
Authors: FOUNTAIN CHERYL
Published: December 2011

Abstract linking theory and practice is often difficult. This article describes how the theory is used on project‐assisted migrant students for applying cognitive knowledge to the real world of work and how it helps these workers translate global goals into concrete, obtainable steps.
Bilingual Theater as a Route to Employment for Mexican Americans in Texas: An Interview with an Innovator
Authors: ROSENBERG JOE
Published: December 2011

In this interview, Rosenberg explains how his bilingual theater has helped Mexican American students learn acting skills, gain better proficiency in English and Spanish, and increase their self‐respect.
The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator: A Tool for Appreciating Employee and Client Diversity
Authors: LYNCH ANN Q.
Published: December 2011

The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is based on Jungian psychological theory and provides a tool for counselors to understand themselves and appreciate the diversity of their clients. Ways to apply the Indicator in work situations, research on type related to careers, and suggestions for employment counselors' use are presented. The most important reason for using the MBTI is that it provides a way of appreciating human differences and enhancing self‐esteem.
Women, Work, and Life Transitions
Authors: DAVIS C. ANNE , DAWSON BETTY G.
Published: December 2011

Work is a positive force in helping women manage the issues and problems caused by separation and loss. The role of the employment counselor can be crucial during the process of transition.
Considering the Identity of Minority Adults
Authors: THOMAS RUSSELL E.
Published: December 2011

In this article the developmental stages of the Minority Identity Development Model are described. The author also suggests its use in understanding minority client attitudes, values, and behavior.
Counseling Region 99 Clients
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article offers a proven strategy for those clients who are positioned in Region 99 in the “World of Work Map” developed by the American College Testing Program.
Stress at Work: A Comparison of Men and Women
Authors: CRABBS MICHAEL A. , BLACK KEN U. , MORTON SHELBY P.
Published: December 2011

A research design was constructed to quantify examined estimates of stress resulting from selected work events and perceived differences of its impact among men and women.
Measuring Work and Support Network Satisfaction
Authors: MAYNARD MARIANNE
Published: December 2011

In this article the development and pilot testing of a Work and Support Network Satisfaction Scale (WSNS) for early detection and intervention of troubled and dissatisfied workers is described. The results suggest the scale has potential use in detecting at‐risk workers.
Self‐Actualization Need Strength: Moderator of Relationships Between Job Characteristics and Job Outcomes
Authors: LEE RAYMOND , GRAHAM WILLIAM K.
Published: December 2011

The moderating effect of self‐actualization need strength on the relationships between job characteristics and job outcomes was investigated. Results provide strong support for its effect on the relationships between job complexity and four of five outcome measures and suggest that responses of workers in the public and private sectors are similar.
Personnel Executives: Personality, Vocational Interests, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: JACKSON DOUGLAS N. , PAUNONEN SAMPO V. , ROTHSTEIN MITCHELL G.
Published: December 2011

The Conducted two surveys of personnel executives to demonstrate the relationships between their job activities and job satisfaction and their vocational interests and personalities.
Employment in Care‐Giving Jobs for Mentally Disabled Young Adults: A Feasibility Study
Authors: JONES MICHAEL L. , ULICNY GARY R. , CZYZEWSKI MARE J. , PLANTE THOMAS C.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a study of the feasibility of employing mildly mentally retarded persons as care givers in a day care center.
An Investigation of the Professional Travel Environment
Authors: RICHMOND JAYNE , SHOOP ROBERT J. , BENTON STEPHEN L.
Published: December 2011

In this study the authors compared women's and men's reactions to various professional travel situations. A multivariate analysis of covariance was used to determine the effects of sex, professional role, and years traveling on the perceptions of these travel situations.
Job Satisfaction Among Type C Career Changers
Authors: KIRK JAMES J.
Published: December 2011

Type C careerists perceive their second occupations as being more intrinsically, extrinsically, and generally satisfying than they did their initial occupations.
How Working Single Parents Manage Their Two Major Roles
Authors: MAHLER SARA R.
Published: December 2011

A positive approach to self‐support and successful coping by single parents is developed by focusing on their successful behaviors and characteristics.
Work Values: How Do Managers Who Change Jobs Differ From Those Who Do Not?
Authors: KANCHIER CAROLE , UNRUH WALLY R.
Published: December 2011

The work values of 166 male and female managers who voluntarily left the employ of a large Canadian corporation were compared with those of 298 who stayed with the company.
A Model for Individual Career Counseling
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The focus of the article is on a visual model for individual career counseling. The model takes into account psychological, social, and economic factors and describes decision making as a journey with four discernible stages.
Recruiter‐Applicant Differences in Perceptions of Extrinsic Rewards
Authors: DAVIS KERMIT R. , FEILD HUBERT S. , GILES WILLIAM F.
Published: December 2011

Preferences of 602 graduating college seniors for 11 specific extrinsic rewards were compared with preference estimates given by 486 recruiters. Substantial group differences were found.
Overcoming Learned Helplessness: Managerial Strategies for the 1990s
Authors: ARNHOLD ROSE MARIE , RAZAK W. NEVELL
Published: December 2011

Problems of work force quality in the United States in the 1990s, strategies for managerial response to these problems, and sources of employee resistance to change are discussed.
Occupational Profiles of Blacks in Management: Implications for Career Counseling
Authors: McRAE MARY B. , CARTER ROBERT T.
Published: December 2011

This study provides descriptive occupational information on Black managers and discusses how this information can be used by counselors.
Do Employment Recruiters Discriminate on the Basis of Nonstandard Dialect?
Authors: ATKINS CAROLYN PELUSO
Published: December 2011

A sample of 65 recruiters rated the effect of specific social dialect characteristics on the job interview and rated their perceptions of social dialect speakers.
Effects of Counselor Disability and Reputation on Client Perceptions During a Career Counseling Session
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the effects of three counselor influence factors—expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness—on participants' impressions of a counselor during a counseling analogue situation. Using a 2 (counselor disability) x 2 (level of training) factorial design, no significant differences were found with respect to counselor social influence. These results are interpreted relative to the literature on perceptions of counselors with physical disabilities.
An Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Differences in College Students' Commitment to Work
Authors: LUZZO DARRELL ANTHONY
Published: December 2011

Women attending college exhibited significantly higher levels of commitment to work than their male counterparts did. Ethnic differences, however, were not revealed in this investigation.
Perspectives for Assessing Career Development
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

This article illustrates how the perspectives of field orientation, time frame, and goal setting influence the assessment of career development.
Career Assessment for Couples
Authors: FORREST LINDA
Published: December 2011

Most clients are in committed relationships in which both partners are engaged in paid employment, yet counselors have not readily shifted to “couples‐oriented” career assessment. This article is devoted to addressing this problem and (a) reviews general approaches to career assessment focused on the individual and provides recommendations for revising these assessment strategies to better fit couples, (b) examines the limited literature on couples‐oriented career assessment including strategies to analyze the impact of workplace and social policies on families, and (c) outlines implications for practice, theory, training, and research.
The Effect of Firm Survival Situations on Managerial Ethics
Authors: COUCH GRANTHAM , HOFFMAN JAMES J. , LAMONT BRUCE T.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine whether certain strategic situations (profit vs. survival situations) cause managers to act more ethically or less ethically. Results from multivariate repeated measures tests suggest that managers will vary their level of ethical response when faced with a situation in which the organization's survival is at stake.
Chinese Cultural Collectivism and Work‐Related Stress: Implications for Employment Counselors
Authors: CHIU RANDY K. , KOSINSKI FREDERICK A.
Published: December 2011

The influence and damage of work‐related stress on employees from different cultures may well be the same, but the form of stressors may not be so. Stress is influenced by cultural and social variables such as values, attitudes, and perceptions. The collectivism‐individualism construct was suggested to measure cultural variables and attempt to explain the differences of some social behaviors between Eastern and Western people. Eastern cultures like the Chinese and the Japanese are collectivistic, whereas Western cultures such as the American and Canadian are individualistic. As members of an Asian collectivistic society, Hong Kong Chinese workers tend to interpret and handle work‐related stress differently from Westerners, despite the fact that they have been exposed to western business practices. Like Asian Americans, they are often caught between their collectivistic tradition and an increasingly competetive individualistic market place. Employment counselors should take cultural issues into consideration as they provide consultation or counseling services to people who are searching for satisfying work environments.
The Relationship Between Career Aspiration‐Current Occupation Congruence and the Career Maturity of Undergraduates
Authors: LUZZO DARRELL ANTHONY
Published: December 2011

This investigation examined the relationship between career aspiration‐current occupation congruence and the career maturity of 134 undergraduates (103 women and 31 men) attending a large midwestern community college. Results revealed a significant relationship (p < .01) between aspiration‐occupation congruence and two separate measures of career maturity.
An Evaluation of a Program to Influence Academic Self‐Concept Among African American Male College Students
Authors: FORTSON STEPHEN B.
Published: December 2011

African American men suffer one of the highest attrition rates of any racial or gender group in college. This study evaluated a retention program designed to increase academic self‐concept by engaging participants in a 10‐week course that taught career planning, cultural awareness, job interviewing and resume writing skills, and academic responsibility. The results of the analysis suggest that the course had no effect on academic self‐concept.
Addiction Counselors Can Benefit From Appropriate Humor in the Work Setting
Authors: WEAVER SHARON TAMARGO , WILSON C. NICK
Published: December 2011

Using humor in therapy has been controversial. However, recent studies indicate that addiction counselors use humor effectively in therapeutic approaches. Given the high rate of stress‐related turnover in the addiction field, counselors need to learn ways to manage their personal and professional stress. Integrating humor in daily work activities reduces stress and increases the ability to have fun at work.
The Effects of the Fresh Start Program on Native American Parolees' Job Placement
Authors: ROBERTS RICHARD L. , HARPER RUTH , PRESZLER BARBARA
Published: December 2011

Fresh Start, a career development project in Rapid City, South Dakota focusing on Native American parolees with multiple barriers to employment, was effective in placing 75% of its 1994 group in Jobs. Clients reported that feeling valued and important was the most important aspect of the experience.
People Caught in Changing Career Opportunities: A Counseling Process
Authors: BORGEN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2011

The article describes a counseling process to assist people who are caught in career changes. The process acknowledges the effect of changing labor market opportunities on the career decision making process.
Electronic Career Search
Authors: BRATINA THOMAS G. , BRATINA TUIREN A.
Published: December 2011

Career counselors should familiarize themselves with technological resources so that they can encourage job seekers and career changers to incorporate more search techniques for seeking, finding, and obtaining employment opportunities. This article presents electronic technology applications such as the following: communicating with others involved in the process of finding employment; sending electronic résumés to potential employers; searching for geographic, economic, and demographic characteristics; and obtaining career development information and guidance.
Career Placement Project: A Career Readiness Program for Community College Students With Disabilities
Authors: NORTON SUSAN CROY , FIELD KAY F.
Published: December 2011

This study examines the effect of a Career Placement Project using enhanced career services specifically designed for community college students with disabilities. The 4 areas of services provided by the project were career exploration, Job readiness, Job‐seeking skills, and Job shadowing. A pretest‐posttest design using a participant group and a control group measured change in career readiness. Based on the data, it seems that the Career Placement Project was effective in increasing the career preparedness of participating students with disabilities.
High School and Employment Agency Client Views on Career Counseling
Authors: BLANTON BONNIE LITTLE , LARRABEE MARVA J.
Published: December 2011

Individual interviews of Improved Career Decision Making (ICDM) workshop‐trained counselors and focus‐group interviews of 41 clients in high schools and state employment agencies in 3 states resulted in findings that may have significance for ICDM training, counselor education programs, and effective delivery of career counseling services to clients. An important emerging concept relates to the notion that exposure to strategies derived from career decision‐making models alone will not ensure effective client career decisions. A major implication for counselor training and practice is the need to emphasize metacognitive processing of knowledge and skills (gained from experiential activities) by clients so that they will be motivated to effectively plan for careers.
The Counsellor Resource Centre: An On‐Line Resource for Career Development Specialists in Canada
Authors: TURCOTTE MICHEL , HIEBERT BRYAN
Published: December 2011

The Counsellor Resource Centre is an Internet site devoted to counselor self‐care. This article describes the factors creating the need for such a site, the process used to develop the site, and the structure of the site.
Job search methods, job search outcomes, and job satisfaction of college graduates: a comparison of race and sex
Authors: Mau Wei‐Cheng , Kopischke Amie
Published: December 2011

A nationally representative sample of college graduates (N =11,152) were surveyed regarding their job‐seeking behaviors and outcomes. Race and sex differences among the job search strategies used, number of job interviews, number of job offers, annual salary, and job satisfaction were examined. Results indicated significant race and sex differences in job search methods used. There were significant differences in underemployment and job satisfaction as a function of race, and in underemployment and annual salary as a function of sex. There were no significant differences in number of job interviews or job offers regardless of race or sex.
Achieving congruence between employee interests and county jobs: a win‐win proposition
Authors: Beale Andrew V. , Holinsworth Sheryn R.
Published: December 2011

Assisting employees to explore internal job switches rather than leaving an organization is a positive measure aimed at enhancing employee retention and job satisfaction. This article describes how a municipal county government used J. L. Holland's (1992) occupational classification system to help employees achieve congruence between their interests and their job requirements.
The trend toward spirituality in the workplace: overview and implications for career counseling
Authors: Gockel Annemarie
Published: December 2011

The author provides career counselors with an overview of the trend toward spirituality in the workplace and examines its potential pros and cons for workers. The growing openness in organizations to explore work from a spiritual perspective provides a new tool to the career practitioner. Career counselors can help clients draw on their spirituality as another resource for negotiating the increasingly complex world of work.
Existential considerations for contemporary career counseling
Authors: Maglio Asa‐Sophia T. , Butterfield Lee D. , Borgen William A.
Published: December 2011

This article was written to remind career counselors of the potential depth and subjective impact of both unemployment and employment transitions. An existential framework is used in discussing today's world of work, previous and contemporary career counseling models, existential theory in career counseling, and existential considerations for career counselors. Results from 3 research projects are discussed in light of I. D. Yalom's (1980, 1998) 4 existential themes. Using quotations from participants, the authors move beyond theoretical ideas and underscore the real‐life importance of including the individual's larger subjective perspective when engaging in career counseling. Implications for practice are discussed.
Finding order and direction from chaos: a comparison of chaos career counseling and trait matching counseling
Authors: McKay Hannah , Bright Jim E. H. , Pryor Robert G. L.
Published: December 2011

Chaos career counseling, based on the Chaos Theory of Careers (R. G. L. Pryor & J. E. H. Bright, 2003a, 2003b), was compared with trait matching career counseling and a wait list control. Sixty university students who attended the Careers Research and Assessment Service seeking career advice were randomly assigned to the chaos intervention, the trait matching intervention, or a wait list control group. Both chaos and trait matching counseling had a positive impact; however, chaos counseling had a more lasting effect. Overall, results support using the chaos counseling approach as a valid alternative to trait matching approaches. Implications for counseling practice as well as future research are discussed.
Job choice and career relevance for today's college students
Authors: Larkin Judith E. , LaPort Kate A. , Pines Harvey A.
Published: December 2011

Previous research on college student employment has focused on differences among students based on year of college attendance but included relatively few participants over the age of 25. The current study investigated the relationship between job choice, job/career relevance, and job satisfaction for students under age 20 (n = 143), students ages 20–24 (n = 253), and students over age 25 (n = 141). Results revealed significant differences among age groups in reasons for job choice and reaffirmed the positive correlation that past research had found between job satisfaction and career relevance. Findings emphasized the importance of choosing employment for career‐oriented reasons rather than for reasons of convenience.
interview practice u.s. style: a workshop for international students
Authors: Behrens Debra
Published: December 2011

The author describes a practice interview workshop customized for international graduate students. The session covered cultural and communication dynamics in the interview process, practice exercises, and a question‐and‐answer period.
social network sites: a starting point for career development practitioners
Authors: Strehlke Christina
Published: December 2011

This action research study explores the career influence of social network sites (SNSs) by examining 14 web‐based articles that consider the risks and opportunities of SNSs from a job search perspective. Three themes are discussed: user visibility, self‐presentation, and network connections. Practical strategies are identified to help career development professionals update their counseling approaches and engage clients in conversations concerning privacy issues, negotiating public and private boundaries on the web, self‐presentation, and applying networking best practices to SNSs.
narrative‐based career counseling perspectives in times of change: an analysis of strengths and limitations
Authors: Stebleton Michael J.
Published: December 2011

There is an ongoing movement in the career development counseling field that focuses on narrative‐based approaches. The purposes of this article are to analyze the factors that led to a turn to narrative career counseling, to examine the strengths of narrative, and to outline potential limitations. The literature review examined scholarly work in the career development field. Contributions from other disciplines (e.g., medicine) were integrated to provide complementary perspectives. The author contends that there is an appropriate place for narrative in career and employment counseling. Suggestions for addressing limitations and applications for career and employment counselors are highlighted.
infusing systems thinking into career counseling
Authors: Ryan Charles W. , Tomlin James H.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the role of career counselors in infusing systems thinking into occupational advising. The authors conducted a qualitative review and analysis of selected literature on systems thinking and analyzed trends for adaptation to career counseling practice. This analysis suggests that career counselors need to infuse systems approaches into professional practice, for example, use of systems language that assists the client in exploring career plans. The authors also identified various new right‐brain directed thinking approaches (Pink, 2006; Shutt, 2008) for use in career counseling sessions. Results and implications are discussed.
individual and work‐related factors influencing burnout of mental health professionals: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Nayoung , Kim Eun Kyoung , Kim Hyunjung , Yang Eunjoo , Lee Sang Min
Published: December 2011

The current study identifies and assesses individual and work‐related factors as correlates of burnout among mental health professionals. Results of a meta‐analysis indicate that age and work setting variables are the most significant indicators of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In terms of level of personal accomplishment, the age and work hours variables were the most significant indicators with positive correlations. On the basis of these results, the authors seek to determine resources that can assist with developing programs for preventing and treating burnout syndromes of mental health professionals.