bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Synthase (Fas) Predictive Strength in Poorly Differentiated Early Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Alò Piero L. , Visca Paolo , Trombetta Giorgio , Mangoni Antonella , Lenti Luisa , Monaco Simona , Botti Claudio , Serpieri Daniele Eleuteri , Di Tondo Ugo
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

Many normal and human cancer tissues express fatty acid synthase (FAS), the major enzyme required for endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis. Strong expression of FAS seems to be associated with a poor prognosis. This study examines the strength of FAS and other common markers of relapse in poorly differentiated breast carcinoma.

Materials and methods

Fifty-one patients with poorly differentiated ductal infiltrating breast carcinomas were followed up for more than 10 years. Immunohistochemical detection of FAS was associated with morphological features of the tumors, with immunohistochemical expression of c-erbB-2, cathepsin D, estrogen and progesterone receptor status and with DNA ploidy in order to detect a statistical correlation.

Results

The chi-square test revealed a correlation between FAS and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (PLVI) (P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that FAS was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0001). Other prognosticators associated with DFS were PLVI (P = 0.002), estrogen (P = 0.008) and progesterone receptor status (P = 0.007). Bivariate analysis showed that FAS was a further prognostic discriminant of DFS within the ER, PgR and PLVI subsets.

Discussion

FAS is a reliable prognosticator of recurrence in poorly differentiated early breast carcinomas. Association of FAS with PLVI may be useful to plan a correct follow-up in patients with breast neoplasms.
The effect of a localized fault in the planet bearing on vibrations of a planetary gear set
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Yajun , Shao Yimin , Xiao Huifang , Li Hongwu
Published: April 2018

Dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear set can be greatly affected by a localized fault in the planet bearing. To understand the relationship between the dynamic characteristic of the planetary gear set and the localized fault sizes, a dynamic finite element model for a planetary gear set is developed. A localized fault is assumed to be located in the outer race of the planet bearing. The fault profile is defined as a rectangular one. To formulate the elastic deformations of the components and elastic contact deformations between the mating components, all components of the planetary gear set are considered as elastic bodies in the finite element model. A standard gravity is also considered in the finite element model. A Coulomb frictional model is used to formulate the frictional forces in the planetary gear set. Influences of the rotational velocity, moment, and fault width on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear set are discussed. The simulation results are compared with those from the previous method to validate the finite element model. It seems that the presented finite element model can be applied to simulate the dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear set caused by a localized fault in the outer race of the planet bearing.
Wind, power, and the situatedness of community engagement
Authors: Kim Hyomin , Cho Seung Hee , Song Sungsoo
Published: April 2018

Jeju, an island in Korea, became a place to site wind turbines with an unusually high level of public acceptance. Based on interviews, media analyses, and policy research, we found that the collective memory of socio-economic deprivation enabled community engagement to matter to residents, the provincial government, and environmental activists. It was within socio-historically contextualized processes of articulating the vision of a “good” society that an actual form of community engagement, however inadequate it might appear to some, became relevant to stakeholders in a particular locality. We emphasize that community engagement in renewable energy governance does not have one but multiple and situated ways of mattering depending on local contexts.
The Role of the Academia in Foreign Policymaking: International Practices and Perspectives as Lessons for Namibia
Authors: Mushelenga Peya
Published: April 2018

Academics for international relations (IR) studies as an academic discipline have over the years contributed to the process of foreign policymaking. Their contribution has been made through research and publications and providing advisory services to policymakers. Other platforms existing for academics are platforms for debates on foreign policy and providing training to foreign policymakers.

The article discusses international experiences and perspectives, from all geographic regions, covering large states of the UN Security Council, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) and at least one small state from each geographic region. The lecture analyses the gaps existing between academics and foreign policymakers and explores methods that can be adopted to close the gaps and create a working relationship between the two stakeholders, with a view to make positive contributions to the making of foreign policy.

It highlights the challenges facing academics in making an impact on foreign policy and the approach of foreign policymakers to the contribution by academics. The article propounds that, generally, academics are more influential in large states’ foreign policy-making process, compared to small states where the process of foreign policymaking includes a few stakeholders. Further, the appointment of policymakers from the academia background impacts on inclination to the role of the academia in foreign policymaking.

There are no many platforms where debates on Namibia’s foreign policy are held and a limited number of Namibian academics play a role on foreign policymaking. The article provides a framework of best practices as lessons for Namibian academics and foreign policymakers.
Memoirs of Three Eminent South Asians: Central Contributions
Authors: Dubey Muchkund
Published: April 2018

Rehman Sobhan, Untranquil Recollections—The Years of Fulfilment. New Delhi: SAGE, 2016, pp. 486, ₹1250. ISBN: 9789351509868.

Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, Neither a Hawk nor a Dove: An Insider’s Account of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy. Penguin Books, 2015, pp. 888, ₹999. ISBN: 9780670088010.

M. K. Rasgotra, A Life in Diplomacy. Gurgaon: Penguin, 2016, pp. 400, ₹699. ISBN: 9780670088843.
Higher periprosthetic fracture rate associated with use of modern uncemented stems compared to cemented stems in femoral neck fractures
Authors: Song Jin Soo A. , Dillman Daryl , Wilson Dave , Dunbar Michael , Richardson Glen
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Hemiarthroplasty is the preferred treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Recently, short tapered-wedge cementless stems have increasingly been used in this population. However, historic data has consistently shown higher rates of periprosthetic fracture with uncemented stems in hip fracture patients. This study aims to evaluate the rate of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation and all-cause mortality between cemented and uncemented femoral stem designs including more recent short tapered-wedge cementless stems in hip fracture patients.

Methods:

A retrospective chart and radiographic review of patients received bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures from 2010–2016. Patients biologically (age ≥ 65 years) or physiologically (American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥ 3) elderly were eligible. The uncemented group was subdivided into tapered-wedge stems (a broach only system) and reamed uncemented stems. The primary outcome was periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation.

Results:

We included 657 patients in total, with 296 and 361 patients in the uncemented and cemented stem groups respectively. In the uncemented group there were 197 tapered-wedge and 99 reamed uncemented stems. There was a significantly higher rate of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation in the uncemented group (3.0% vs. 0.6%) ( p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences in rates of all-cause mortality, infection or all-cause re-operation.

Conclusions:

Compared to modern uncemented femoral stem designs, cemented stems yield lower rates of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation, without increasing risk of all-cause mortality. Tapered-wedge stems had similar rates of re-operation due to periprosthetic fracture as reamed uncemented stems.
Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR for the characterization of leptomeningeal inflammation in optic neuritis
Authors: Pino-Lopez Luis , Wenz Holger , Böhme Johannes , Maros Máté , Schlichtenbrede Frank , Groden Christoph , Förster Alex
Published: April 2018

Background:

Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis and interpreted as a biomarker of inflammation. In this study, we sought to evaluate this phenomenon in patients with optic neuritis (ON).

Methods:

A total of 42 patients with suspected ON were included in this prospective study and underwent a dedicated study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including native and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed thin-section axial and coronal FLAIR images on an 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) system.

Results:

After diagnostic workup, 34 patients with final diagnosis of ON were analyzed in detail. On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images, 25 (73.5%) patients with ON demonstrated perioptic leptomeningeal enhancement, and in 3 (8.8%) patients, this was even the only pathological MRI finding. In comparison, patients with perioptic leptomeningeal enhancement on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images had a higher prevalence of additional hyperintense brain lesions ( p = 0.022) as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific oligoclonal bands ( p = 0.013) than patients without.

Conclusion:

Perioptic leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on fat-suppressed FLAIR images is a novel marker in ON and possibly reflects a leptomeningeal inflammatory process preceding or accompanying ON. Thin-section contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images might be a useful addition in MRI protocols for patients with suspected ON.
Economic impact of Chinese tourism on Australia
Authors: Van Hoa Tran , Turner Lindsay , Vu Jo
Published: April 2018

China’s trade, tourism and limited foreign direct investment (FDI) to Australia have been regarded as playing an important part in Australia’s growth and prosperity in recent years. In spite of the fact that these activities are the three principal growth determinants in modern economic integration theory, growth studies based on this theory’s structural framework, while highly appropriate, have hardly been undertaken. This article proposes to fill the gap by formally developing an endogenous causal model of simultaneous growth and tourism for policy analysis. In this model, trade, FDI and tourism are specified as the main contributing factors to growth. Simultaneously, gravity theory (including growth) and the Ironmonger–Lancaster new consumer demand theory determine tourism, while ‘economic conditionality’ potentially affecting both growth and tourism in the sense of Johansen is recognized and incorporated. The model is then applied to Australian and Chinese data for the important post-Japanese tourist boom period 1992–2015, to provide substantive findings on three questions: the impact of Chinese tourism to Australia, Chinese tourism determination and the effects of Chinese trade and key macroeconomic indicators on Australian economic growth. Significant policy implications are then developed for use by government tourism planners and policymakers.
Analysis of transmission error and load distribution of a hoist two-stage planetary gear system
Authors: Zhang Xi , Tang Xiaolin , Yang Wei
Published: April 2018

The research described in this study is aimed at exploring the transmission characteristics of a two-stage planetary-gear transmission system. Firstly, a novel rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model was established with the consideration of gear clearance, time-varying meshing stiffness, and the deformation of the bearing and shaft. Secondly, based on the novel dynamic model, different profile modification parameters are carried out to optimize the transmission error, load distributions, and harmonic quantity of the transmission system. The analysis results show that dynamic characteristics can be improved by optimizing the multi-stage planetary gear profile. The study provides a valuable reference for the design of multi-stage planetary-gear transmission systems of hoist industry.
‘Dime De Que Se Trató/Tell me what it was about’: Exploring emergent bilinguals’ linguistic resources in reading assessments with parent participation
Authors: Noguerón-Liu Silvia , Shimek Courtney Hokulaniokekai , Bahlmann Bollinger Chelsey
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the ways emergent bilingual first-graders draw on multiple linguistic resources during reading assessments and the participation of their Spanish-dominant parents in those assessments, as children engaged in English and Spanish retelling tasks. Informed by a translanguaging lens, sociopsycholinguistic and holistic approaches to reading and critical approaches to family literacy, the analysis centres on assessment sessions with two mother–child dyads whose children attended school in a relatively new migration setting. Primary data were drawn from four reading assessment sessions and audio-recordings over a 7-month period with each child, individual interviews and home visits with mothers, and field notes from research team members. The analysis examined linguistic patterns related to second-language approximations and code-switching in miscues and oral retellings. The analysis also includes coding of strategies and resources children used in their English and Spanish retelling of the same text, using their home language to retell the texts to their mothers. Findings illustrate that while children’s miscues may be shaped by their developing control of syntactic structures and new vocabulary, they draw from multiple language resources in English retellings, conveying their complex understandings of texts. We also found that the children negotiated translating and retelling for their parents in different ways, shaped by their family literacy practices. These involved co-construction of stories, a focus on accuracy and the paraphrasing and embellishing of stories and dialogue. Insights from this study highlight the complexity of pooled language resources in young children’s repertoires. Findings also document the situated nature of oral retelling at home, when parents engage children in the sharing and translating of English books in ways that align with existing roles, practices and goals. Implications for equitable literacy assessment in new migration contexts are discussed.
Crunch time in the NBA – The effectiveness of different play types in the endgame of close matches in professional basketball
Authors: Christmann Jan , Akamphuber Max , Müllenbach Anna Lena , Güllich Arne
Published: April 2018

In professional basketball, the final few possessions often determine the result of a game. The coach’s decision on tactics may be critical to a team’s win or loss. This study investigated offense play types in the endgame (final 120 s) of 115 close basketball matches (≤5 points score differential) in the National Basketball Association. We video-analysed 996 plays and assessed the frequencies and outcomes of six defined play types: 1 × 1 without isolation; 1 × 1 with isolation; pick-and-roll; complex team play; inbound play; and transition play. Analyses revealed that pick-and-roll was employed the most and inbound play the least frequently. The 1 × 1 with or without isolation were the least effective play types, averaging 0.9–1.0 pts/possession. They were rather ‘static’ and exhibited relatively long duration, low action frequency (passes, screens, handoffs, cuts, drives) and high defence pressure on the shooter. In contrast, transition, inbound and complex team plays were the most effective (means 1.3–1.5 pts/possession). They displayed greater spatial dynamics either through motion speed (transition) or high action frequency (complex and inbound plays), and either led to over-represented uncontested shots or over-represented offensive rebounds and their effective utilisation. Pick-and-roll play was intermediate in these regards. Overall, plays led to 0.8 pts/possession when being in the lead vs. 1.4 pts/possession when being down. Increased spatial dynamics through high motion speed and/or high frequency of concatenated cooperative manoeuvres enhance the success probability of endgame play types in professional basketball.
A comparative study of artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models in distribution system with nondeterministic inputs
Authors: Okwu Modestus O , Adetunji Olufemi
Published: April 2018

Most deterministic optimization models use average values of nondeterministic variables as their inputs. It is, therefore, expected that a model that can accept the distribution of a random variable, while this may involve some more computational complexity, would likely produce better results than the model using the average value. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a standard technique for solving complex stochastic problems. In this research, ANN and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) have been implemented for modeling and optimizing product distribution in a multi-echelon transshipment system. Two inputs parameters, product demand and unit cost of shipment, are considered nondeterministic in this problem. The solutions of ANFIS and ANN were compared to that of the classical transshipment model. The optimal total cost of distribution using the classical model within the period of investigation was 6,332,304.00. In the search for a better solution, an ANN model was trained, tested, and validated. This approach reduced the cost to 4,170,500.00. ANFIS approach reduced the cost to 4,053,661. This implies that 34% of the current operational cost was saved using the ANN model, while 36% was saved using the ANFIS model. This suggests that the result obtained from the ANFIS model also seems marginally better than that of the ANN. Also, the ANFIS model is capable of adjusting the values of input and output variables and parameters to obtain a more robust solution.
Presacral myelolipoma as a possible parasymptom of cancer: A case report
Authors: Sakamoto Akio , Nagamatsu Iori , Shiba Eisuke , Okamoto Takeshi , Hisaoka Masanori , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: April 2018

Presacral myelolipomas are rare, benign, asymptomatic tumors composed of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Presacral myelolipomas can occur in patients with a medical history of malignancy, steroid use, and/or endocrine disorders including diabetes mellitus. A 65-year-old man with no specific medical history experienced temporal abdominal pain without bowel symptoms that lasted a few hours. By the time he visited a hospital, the pain had diminished. Computed tomography failed to detect any abnormality in the abdominal or pelvic organs that would have caused the abdominal pain but revealed a lesion 4 cm in diameter in the frontal sacrum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the lesion contained fat elements with a high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, which was decreased on fat-suppression T2-weighted images. Computed tomography–guided biopsy and imaging allowed a diagnosis of presacral myelolipoma. After 3 months, hematochezia was observed, and follow-up examination revealed rectal carcinoma with multiple lung metastases. He died due to spread of the cancer despite chemotherapy, 6 months after the cancer was found. Considering the possible association between presacral myelolipoma and cancer, presacral myelolipoma might be a cancer parasymptom. Checking for possible malignancy may therefore be warranted in patients with presacral myelolipoma, especially in those without diabetes mellitus.
Risk capital: Urban political ecology and entanglements of financial and environmental risk in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: April 2018

In endeavouring to deal with a longstanding problem of contamination of waterways in Washington, D.C. due to combined sewer overflows, the responsible utility, DC Water, has recently embarked on a two-fold, simultaneous ‘greening’ – firstly of the physical infrastructures being installed to address the overflow problem, and secondly of the financing of this capital investment. This article examines DC Water’s turn to green infrastructure and green bonds in order to consider the question of how environmental and financial processes in general – and environmental and financial risks in particular – co-determine not just one another but the transformation of contemporary urban socioecological landscapes more broadly. In the process, it aims to inject a greater sensibility both to finance and to ‘green capitalism’ into urban political ecology. Through a critical consideration of the interlocking temporal, spatial and monetary dimensions of DC Water’s two-fold greening project, the article shows that this project has served significantly to augment levels of environmental and financial risk, entangling them in significant new ways.
Comprehensive systematic review summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rae-Grant Alexander , Day Gregory S. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Rabinstein Alejandro , Cree Bruce A.C. , Gronseth Gary S. , Haboubi Michael , Halper June , Hosey Jonathan P. , Jones David E. , Lisak Robert , Pelletier Daniel , Potrebic Sonja , Sitcov Cynthia , Sommers Rick , Stachowiak Julie , Getchius Thomas S.D. , Merillat Shannon A. , Pringsheim Tamara
Published: April 2018

Objective

To review evidence on starting, switching, and stopping disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and progressive MS forms.

Methods

Relevant, peer-reviewed research articles, systematic reviews, and abstracts were identified (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE searched from inception to November 2016). Studies were rated using the therapeutic classification scheme. Prior published Cochrane reviews were also used.

Results

Twenty Cochrane reviews and an additional 73 full-text articles were selected for data extraction through an updated systematic review (completed November 2016). For people with RRMS, many DMTs are superior to placebo (annualized relapses rates [ARRs], new disease activity [new MRI T2 lesion burden], and in-study disease progression) (see summary and full text publications). For people with RRMS who experienced a relapse on interferon-β (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate, alemtuzumab is more effective than IFN-β-1a 44 μg subcutaneous 3 times per week in reducing the ARR. For people with primary progressive MS, ocrelizumab is probably more effective than placebo (in-study disease progression). DMTs for MS have varying adverse effects. In people with CIS, glatiramer acetate and IFN-β-1a subcutaneous 3 times per week are more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Cladribine, immunoglobulins, IFN-β-1a 30 μg intramuscular weekly, IFN-β-1b subcutaneous alternate day, and teriflunomide are probably more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Suggestions for future research include studies considering comparative effectiveness, usefulness of high-efficacy treatment vs stepped-care protocols, and research into predictive biomarkers.
Biosynthesis and assembly of the Collagen IV-like protein Pericardin inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wilmes Ariane C. , Klinke Nora , Rotstein Barbara , Meyer Heiko , Paululat Achim
Published: April 2018

In Drosophila, formation of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) starts during embryogenesis. Assembly and incorporation of structural proteins such as Collagen IV, Pericardin, and Laminin A, B1, and B2 into the cardiac ECM is critical to the maintenance of heart integrity and functionality and, therefore, to longevity of the animal. The cardiac ECM connects the heart tube with the alary muscles; thus, the ECM contributes to a flexible positioning of the heart within the animal's body. Moreover, the cardiac ECM holds the larval pericardial nephrocytes in close proximity to the heart tube and the inflow tract, which is assumed to be critical to efficient haemolymph clearance. Mutations in either structural ECM constituents or ECM receptors cause breakdown of the ECM network upon ageing, with disconnection of the heart tube from alary muscles becoming apparent at larval stages. Finally, the heart becomes non-functional. Here, we characterised existing and new pericardin mutants and investigated biosynthesis, secretion, and assembly of Pericardin in matrices. We identified two new pericardin alleles, which turned out to be a null (pericardin3-548) and a hypomorphic allele (pericardin3-21). Both mutants could be rescued with a genomic duplication of a fosmid coding for the pericardin locus. Biochemical analysis revealed that Pericardin is highly glycosylated and forms redox-dependent multimers. Multimer formation is remarkably reduced in animals deficient for the prolyl-4 hydroxylase cluster at 75D3-4.
Effects of Exercise on ASC Methylation and IL-1 Cytokines in Heart Failure
Authors: BUTTS BRITTANY , BUTLER JAVED , DUNBAR SANDRA B. , CORWIN ELIZABETH , GARY REBECCA A.
Published: April 2018

Introduction/Purpose

Inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) progression and the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine IL-1β is implicated in this process. The adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is necessary for inflammasome activation of IL-1β. Lower ASC methylation is associated with worse outcomes in HF. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on changes in ASC methylation and activation of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1β in persons with HF.

Methods

Participants (N = 54) were randomized to receive exercise intervention (n = 38) or attention control (n = 16) for 3 months. Percent methylation of the ASC gene, plasma IL-1β, and ASC mRNA and were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results

ASC methylation was higher in the exercise group as compared to control at 3 months (6.10% ± 0.5% vs 5.80% ± 0.4%; P = 0.04) and 6 months (6.07 ± 0.4 vs 5.82 ± 0.4; P = 0.04). Plasma IL-1β was lower in the exercise group at 3 months (1.43 ± 0.5 pg·mL−1 vs 2.09 ± 1.3 pg·mL−1; P = 0.02) and 6 months (1.49 ± 0.5 pg·mL−1 vs 2.13 ± 1.4 pg·mL−1; P = 0.004). ASC mRNA expression was negatively associated with ASC methylation at baseline (r = −0.97, P = 0.001), 3 months (r = −0.90, P = 0.001), and 6 months (r = −0.81, P = 0.001). ASC mRNA was lower than baseline at 3 months (P = 0.004) and 6 months (P = 0.002) among those in the exercise group. ASC methylation was positively associated with 6-min walk test at baseline (r = 0.517, P < 0.001), 3 months (r = 0.464, P = 0.004), and 6 months (r = 497, P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Exercise was related to increased mean percent ASC methylation and decreased IL-1β and ASC mRNA gene expression in HF. Epigenetic regulation of ASC can be a biological mechanism by which exercise can promote better outcomes in HF.
Effects of Age and Sex on Inspiratory Muscle Activation Patterns during Exercise
Authors: MOLGAT-SEON YANNICK , DOMINELLI PAOLO B. , RAMSOOK ANDREW H. , SCHAEFFER MICHELE R. , ROMER LEE M. , ROAD JEREMY D. , GUENETTE JORDAN A. , SHEEL A. WILLIAM
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To characterize the effects of age, sex, and their interaction on inspiratory muscle activation patterns during exercise.

Methods

Twenty younger (20–30 yr, n = 10 women) and 20 older (60–80 yr, n = 10 women) subjects performed an incremental cycle exercise test. Electromyography (EMG) of the scalene (EMGsca) and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid (EMGscm) muscles were measured using skin surface electrodes, whereas diaphragm EMG (EMGdi) and esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured using an esophageal catheter. Electromyography data were transformed into root mean square with a 100-ms time constant. Esophageal and diaphragmatic pressure–time products were used as indices of total inspiratory muscle pressure production and diaphragmatic pressure production, respectively.

Results

At absolute minute ventilations (V˙
E), women and older subjects had greater EMGdi than men and younger subjects, respectively (all P < 0.05), but no differences were noted when V˙
E was expressed in relative terms (all P > 0.05). Women had greater EMGsca activity than men at absolute and relative levels of V˙
E (all P < 0.05). Older subjects had greater EMGsca than younger subjects when V˙
E was expressed in relative (all P < 0.05) but not absolute terms (all P > 0.05). At absolute and relative levels of V˙
E, women and older subjects had greater EMGscm than men and younger subjects, respectively (all P < 0.05). Women and older subjects had a greater esophageal and diaphragmatic pressure–time products at a V˙
E of 70 L·min−1 than men and younger subjects, respectively (both P < 0.05), but no differences were noted when V˙
E was expressed in relative terms (all P > 0.05). No significant interactions between age and sex were noted (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Age and sex significantly affect inspiratory muscle activation patterns during exercise; however, the extent of the effects depends on whether comparisons are made at absolute or relative V˙
E.
Transcriptomic profiling of human skin biopsies in the clinical trial setting: A protocol for high quality RNA extraction from skin tumours
Authors: Danilenko Marina , Stones Robert , Rajan Neil
Published: April 2018

Transcriptomic profiling of skin disease using next generation sequencing allows for detailed information on aspects of RNA biology including gene expression, non-coding regulatory elements and gene splicing. The application of RNA sequencing to human skin disease and cancer is often hampered by degraded RNA. Here we describe a protocol that allows for consistently intact RNA to be extracted from snap frozen skin biopsy samples, which has been validated in a clinical trial setting.

Human skin tumour punch biopsies (n=28) ranging from 4-6mm in diameter were obtained from 14 patients with an inherited skin tumour syndrome (CYLD cutaneous syndrome) and frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to being stored at -80°C. These samples were then subject to cyrostat sectioning, allowing for histological assessment, and were homogenised using a bead-based lysis platform. RNA extraction was performed using a silica column-based system. RNA concentration was measured using fluorescent quantitation and RNA integrity assessed using microfluidic gel electrophoresis. We also processed normal skin biopsies using the same protocol (n=10). The mean RNA integrity score of the tumour and normal samples was 9.5, and the quantity of RNA obtained from the small amounts of tissue used exceeded requirements for RNA-seq library generation.

We propose that the method of RNA extraction suggested here allows for transcriptomic profiling from small pieces of human tissue without the need for PCR amplification during library preparation. This protocol could be utilised in healthy and diseased skin to improve mechanistic understanding in a range of human skin diseases.
The Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome: A clinical study of 55 individuals with de novo constitutive DNMT3A variants
Authors: Tatton-Brown Katrina , Zachariou Anna , Loveday Chey , Renwick Anthony , Mahamdallie Shazia , Aksglaede Lise , Baralle Diana , Barge-Schaapveld Daniela , Blyth Moira , Bouma Mieke , Breckpot Jeroen , Crabb Beau , Dabir Tabib , Cormier-Daire Valerie , Fauth Christine , Fisher Richard , Gener Blanca , Goudie David , Homfray Tessa , Hunter Matthew , Jorgensen Agnete , Kant Sarina G. , Kirally-Borri Cathy , Koolen David , Kumar Ajith , Labilloy Anatalia , Lees Melissa , Marcelis Carlo , Mercer Catherine , Mignot Cyril , Miller Kathryn , Neas Katherine , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Pilz Daniela T. , Posmyk Renata , Prada Carlos , Ramsey Keri , Randolph Linda M. , Selicorni Angelo , Shears Deborah , Suri Mohnish , Temple I. Karen , Turnpenny Peter , Van Maldergem Lionel , Varghese Vinod , Veenstra-Knol Hermine E. , Yachelevich Naomi , Yates Laura ,   Clinical Assessment of the Utility of Sequencing and Evaluation as a Service (CAUSES) Research Study,   Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study, Rahman Nazneen
Published: April 2018

Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS; OMIM 615879), also known as the DNMT3A-overgrowth syndrome, is an overgrowth intellectual disability syndrome first described in 2014 with a report of 13 individuals with constitutive heterozygous DNMT3A variants. Here we have undertaken a detailed clinical study of 55 individuals with de novo DNMT3A variants, including the 13 previously reported individuals. An intellectual disability and overgrowth were reported in >80% of individuals with TBRS and were designated major clinical associations. Additional frequent clinical associations (reported in 20-80% individuals) included an evolving facial appearance with low-set, heavy, horizontal eyebrows and prominent upper central incisors; joint hypermobility (74%); obesity (weight ³2SD, 67%); hypotonia (54%); behavioural/psychiatric issues (most frequently autistic spectrum disorder, 51%); kyphoscoliosis (33%) and afebrile seizures (22%). One individual was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia in teenage years. Based upon the results from this study, we present our current management for individuals with TBRS
Structure and Content of Professional Communicative Competence of Cadets of Universities of the Federal Penal Service
Authors: Никитина Татьяна , Nikitina Tat'yana
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the problem of shaping professional communicative competence of penal officers. The analysis of models for the training of graduate specializations "Organization of the guard and escort in prisons system", "Organization of the regime in prisons system", "Cynology" of the Perm Institute of the Federal penal service of the Russian Federation is given. Components of professional communicative competence are selected: basic, universal (general), situational (professionally shaped) communicative competence. The author determines the content of the components of professional communicative competence of cadets depending on the profile of their training and stages of formation of these components.
Innovations for Overcoming of Demographic Crisis in Russia. Part 1
Authors: Жданкин Николай , Zhdankin Nikolay
Published: April 2018

In the article the problem of demographic crisis in Russia is considered. It is shown that the problem very actual and exerts decisive impact on development of the country owing to an acute shortage of working hands. By means of innovative approaches analysis of a problem is made and her main reasons are established. Generation of ideas has shown the main directions of a solution, main of which consist in development of effective strategy of development of Russia directed to the solution of demographic problems, provision of housing for young and large families and toughening of fight against smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction.
Patriotic Education of Students at Moscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University)
Authors: Кащенко Т. , Kashchenko T. , Юлина Галина , Yulina Galina
Published: April 2018

The authors distinguish three levels of patriotic education: federal, subject (All-Moscow) and university. All three levels should be provided not by formalized work "from the top down", but by interactive, civic, participatory, volunteer activities, taking into account the specifics of the current generation, by involving students in the implementation of federal and Moscow programs, through the development of student government, the activation of various areas of student life, the formation feelings of pride for their University.
Scolopendromorpha associados a termitários de Constrictotermes cyphergaster Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae) na Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Raul , Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Maciel Glauber Carvalho , Sucupira Aline Carvalho , Oliveira e Silva Gilberto Barbosa
Published: April 2018

Resumo. Ninhos de cupins abandonados constituem refúgios ou áreas de forrageio para artrópodes predadores como aranhas e scolopendromorfos. A presente nota tem como objetivo reportar a ocorrência de cinco espécies de Scolopendromorpha associados internamente e no entorno de 60 ninhos abandonados de Constrictortermes cyphergaster Silvestri ao longo dos meses que compõem a estação chuvosa e seca do ano de 2016 no Parque Estadual Sítio Fundão, Crato, Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas quatro espécies de Scolopendromopha associadas internamente a 12 ninhos de C. cyphergaster: Newportia balzanii (Silvestri), Newportia maxima Bücherl, Cryptops sp., e Schendylidae. No entorno dos ninhos de C. cyphergaster, foram feitos registros das espécies: Scolopocrytops piauhyensi (Chamberlin)e Cryptops sp. por meio de armadilhas de queda (pitfall trap). Tais registros destas espécies ampliam a distribuição geográfica da ordem bem como os habitats em que as mesmas podem ser encontradas.Scolopendromorpha associated to Constrictotermes cyphergaster Silvestri(Isoptera: Termitidae) nests from Araripe Plateau, Ceará, BrazilAbstract. Abandoned termites allow predators species like spiders and scolopendromorphs use it for forage or refuge. This note reports an occurrence of five Scolopendromorpha species associated indoor and outdoor of sixty abandoned Constrictortermes cyphergaster Silvestri nests on rainy and dry season of 2016. The nest were collected indoor Parque Estadual Sítio Fundão, Crato, Ceará, Araripe Plateau, Northeast Brazil. Exemplars of four Scolopendromorpha species were collected associated to 12 nests of C. cyphergaster: Newportia balzanii (Silvestri), Newportia maxima Bücherl, Cryptops sp., e Schendylidae. Around the nests, it was collected Scolopocrytops piauhyensi (Chamberlin)and Cryptops sp. by pitfall trap along the rainy and dry season of 2016. The species collected increase their geographical distribution and places they can be found.
Book Review Kamasutra
Authors: Sil Narasingha Prosad
Published: April 2018

Wendy Doniger's Redeeming Kamasutra is an interesting study though somewhat prejudiced and even perfunctory in providing opinions rather than following the text of an ancient manual on human nature and behavior.
Reminiscencja stylistyczna w przekładzie
Authors: Brzostowska‑Tereszkiewicz Tamara
Published: April 2018

Stylistic reminiscence in translation

The article addresses the difficulty of classifying Adam Pomorski’s translations of Velimir Khlebnikov’s poetry as a mere stylization after Boleslav Lesmian’s poetry. The Polish translations of the neological poetic experiments of the Russian Cubo‑Futurist provide a point of departure to discuss theoretical and interpretive implications of stylistic reminiscence as a unique type of intertextual dialogue between the literature of the original and the receiving literature.
António Vieira: prolongada presença, voz profética e performance
Authors: Pires Ferreira Jerusa
Published: April 2018

ANTÓNIO VIEIRA: PROLONGED PRESENCE, PROPHETIC VOICE AND PERFORMANCE

The present study examines the works of Father António Vieira, focusing on prophecy and performance.
Verbos irregulares com prefixo em português e outras línguas românicas
Authors: Szijj Ildikó
Published: April 2018

PREFIXED IRREGULAR VERBS IN PORTUGUESE AND OTHER ROMANCE LANGUAGES

In Portuguese, as well as in other Romance languages, certain forms of some prefixed irregular verbs become regular. In the case of certain verbs, a parallel phenomenon has occurred in several Romance languages, in which the prefixed verb differs from the primary verb in its conjugation. There are also cases when Portuguese has a prefixed verb with regularization and other Romance languages have two different verbs, because there was a split in the evolution of the latin verb. Regularization occurs when there is a considerable semantic distance between the prefixed verb and the simple one.
Produção e conservação in vitro de plantas medicinais: introdução da biotecnologia vegetal no ensino médio
Authors: Gagliardi Rachel Fatima , Silva Cláudia Ribeiro da , Soares Bianka De Oliveira , Garcia Renata , Pettinelli Jamine De Almeida , Sousa Isabela Brandão de
Published: April 2018

Com base na importância da biodiversidade vegetal enquanto recursos genéticos, aplicáveis à farmacologia e outras áreas econômicas, os métodos biotecnológicos de produção e conservação de plantas constituem importantes ferramentas para garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo geral do projeto foi conscientizar os jovens acerca da responsabilidade humana na destruição e consequentemente na conservação da biodiversidade vegetal, estimulando a discussão sobre esse importante tema, de forma contextualizada nas escolas. Para isso, foram estabelecidas metas visando estreitar relações entre a universidade e as escolas, e oferecendo alternativas didáticas para o ensino público, além de divulgar as oportunidades de trabalho no âmbito da Biotecnologia Vegetal. A metodologia constituiu-se de palestras e documentários apresentados na própria escola por estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação da UERJ. Além disso, os alunos acompanham a rotina de cultura de tecidos vegetais nos laboratórios do Núcleo de Biotecnologia Vegetal da UERJ. A avaliação do impacto tem sido baseada na frequência às atividades e na comparação das respostas dos alunos a um questionário sobre conhecimentos básicos e aplicados, direcionados à biotecnologia vegetal, respondido antes e ao final do projeto. Em três anos de avaliação, o projeto foi aplicado às turmas do 3º. ano do nível médio do Colégio Estadual João Alfredo e as respostas aos questionários, têm mostrado que, apesar da dificuldade de aprofundamento, em razão de uma deficiência crônica em biologia e fisiologia vegetal, observa-se uma aceitação rápida dos novos conceitos introduzidos. As razões para este fenômeno e as estratégias para contornar as dificuldades são discutidas neste artigo.
FORA DO CURRÍCULO HÁ EDUCAÇÃO? O PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO FORA DA SALA DE AULA: SUAS FORMAÇÕES E SUAS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS NÃO ESCOLARES EM SÃO GONÇALO.
Authors: Ferreira Arthur Vianna
Published: April 2018

Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo partilhar as ações extensivas realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2016 pelo projeto de extensão “Fora da sala de aula: Formações, Representações e Práticas educativas não escolares e/ou extracurriculares no município de São Gonçalo” na Faculdade de Formação de Professores da UERJ em São Gonçalo. Este projeto, em andamento, tem como objetivos gerais investigar as práticas educativas não formais desenvolvidas por instituições socioeducacionais e coletivos de profissionais da educação que atuam com projetos extracurriculares desenvolvidos junto às camadas empobrecidas do município de São Gonçalo, assim como, promover a formação continuada dos profissionais da educação responsáveis pelo trabalho pedagógico destes espaços não escolares e/ou atividades extracurriculares realizadas em escolas e a inserção dos graduandos de pedagogia nestes espaços socioeducacionais de atuação profissional através da extensão universitária. Desta forma, estas ações extensionistas possibilitam aos seus participantes o diálogo com a experiência, a construção e a presença dos saberes destes profissionais da educação nos distintos espaços educativos e sociais diferentes da escola. Os encontros entre educadores sociais, professores e graduandos possibilitam uma discussão sobre as práticas educacionais não formais, a formação inicial e continuada dos profissionais da educação e a aproximação dos graduandos de pedagogia – e outras licenciaturas – às práticas educacionais não escolares verificando as possíveis e distintas atuações dos futuros pedagogos e/ou licenciados nos espaços não escolares e suas rotinas, suas práticas e suas representações socioeducacionais.
Sensibilização para a Poesia nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Pretto Juliana Regina
Published: April 2018

Resumo Neste artigo relata-se uma experiência decorrente de um projeto de extensão realizado em escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Paranaguá, Paraná. Visando ao incentivo à leitura e à sensibilização para a poesia, o projeto propôs a publicação de mil exemplares do livro Mosaico, com poemas infantis de nossa autoria que foram ilustrados por alunos das escolas dessa rede. O trabalho de leitura realizou-se com dezessete turmas de seis escolas, totalizando 252 alunos atendidos. Antes da publicação do livro, foi realizada a leitura de três a cinco poemas com cada turma, foi feita a sua leitura em voz alta, explorando seus elementos, e foi proposto que cada criança escolhesse um poema para ilustrar. Os vinte e um desenhos que fazem parte do livro foram escolhidos por uma comissão julgadora. O lançamento da obra ocorreu em outubro de 2016, envolvendo as escolas participantes. A maior parte dos exemplares publicados foram doados a escolas dessa rede. O trabalho de leitura e sensibilização para a poesia pautou-se em estudos sobre leitura literária e formação de leitores. As crianças participantes se reconheceram nos temas de muitos dos poemas, fato que possibilitou introduzir o poético na sua imaginação e sensibilizá-las para a poesia.
O suicídio como tema de investigação na clínica psicológica: um relato sobre as experiências de clinicar e escrever
Authors: Sant'Anna Guilherme Da Silva
Published: April 2018

Este texto trata do percurso da pesquisa intitulada “Por um núcleo de atendimento clínico a pessoas em risco de suicídio: uma análise fenomenológica do ato de decidir pôr fim à vida”, desenvolvida no projeto de extensão Laboratório de estudos em fenomenologia e clínica existencial, na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Investigamos o tema do suicídio, para prepararmos a implantação de um núcleo de atendimento clínico às pessoas que procuravam ajuda por pensarem em se matar. Tal preparação consistiu em um contínuo esforço de afastamento aos preconceitos com relação ao suicídio. Percebemos, após o início do núcleo, o caráter existencial da decisão de findar a própria vida, bem como a relevância da disponibilidade de um espaço clínico para aqueles que solicitam assistência. Tratamos, além da lida com o tema do suicídio na clínica, do processo de confecção de um livro dessa temática. Por fim, é feita uma discussão acerca da importância das experiências clínicas e de escrita para a formação profissional em psicologia
O DEVER DE CIDADES INCLUDENTES PARA AS MULHERES NEGRAS
Authors: Batista Waleska Miguel , Mastrodi Josué
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo, buscamos compreender que o planejamento urbano das cidades deve se preocupar com a inclusão social e bem-estar de todos os habitantes, assim como ilustrado por Henri Lefebvre e pelos diplomas normativos internacionais e nacionais. Desta forma, o espaço urbano deve ser includente, na iminência de combater as discriminações e preconceitos naturalizados e normalizados na sociedade brasileira. A desigualdade de gênero impede que as mulheres tenham acesso a moradia adequada, principalmente se forem mulheres negras, que estão em condição de maior vulnerabilidade por pertencerem a duas minorias marginalizadas, a tal ponto de não serem de fato cidadãs. O Estatuto da Igualdade Racial reconhece a inferiorização a que as mulheres negras são submetidas, e estabelece mecanismos para a sua inclusão nas cidades. Evidenciamos a condição das mulheres negras por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de análise de dados do IBGE e do IPEA. Concluímos que a desigualdade racial no espaço urbano é verdadeiro fator de insustentabilidade social das cidades, um obstáculo para que as mulheres negras exerçam a cidadania de forma plena.