bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the parental treatment onto the pair choice in the mirror of the scheme focus theory
Authors: Nagy Anikó , Molnár Judit , Balázs Katalin , Vágyi Petra
Published: January 2014

Kutatásunkban a szülői bánásmód párválasztásra gyakorolt hatását vizsgáltuk. A Young-féle sémafókuszú elméletre alapozva a frusztrálódott fejlődési alapszükségletek oldaláról közelítettük meg a kérdést, így a pár tagjainak maladaptív sématartományai közötti specifikus illeszkedéseket kerestünk. Emellett összehasonlítottuk az ellentétes nemű szülő felől észlelt bánásmódot a partnertől tapasztalt bánásmóddal. Feltételezve, hogy az egyén, választásaiban a séma-kémia elvét követve, hajlamos olyan partnert választani, aki meglévő sémáit megerősíti, valószínűsítettük, hogy ezek jelentős hasonlóságot mutatnak.Vizsgálatunkban a Young-féle Séma Kérdőívet, a Young-féle Szülői Gondoskodás Kérdőívet, a Pár Kérdőívet és demográfiai kérdőívet használtuk, amelyet 35 pár, azaz 70 fő töltött ki.Eredményeink a maladaptív sématartományok jelentős illeszkedését nem erősítették meg, ugyanakkor figyelemre méltó együttjárásokat mutattak a szülő és a választott partner bánásmódja között. Férfiak esetében az anyai bánásmód hatása egyértelmű hasonlósági választásokban nyilvánulhat meg, míg nőknél az apa viszonyulása hasonlósági és komplementer választásokat egyaránt eredményezhet.
Adverse care — the mainstream empirical research on psychological overprotection
Authors: Csomortáni Domokos Zoltán
Published: January 2014

Absztrakt
Application of a high-tech bridge safety system in monitoring the performance of Xibin Bridge
Authors: Yen Chung-I , Huang Chin-Kuo , Lee Wei F. , Chen Cheng-Hsing , Chen Ming-Cheng , Lin Yi-Ching
Published: January 2014

The development of a real-time monitoring and early warning system and corresponding decision-making procedures has become a high-priority concern for the Taiwanese government in recent years. Studies have indicated that observing water level and scour depth is not sufficient for evaluating bridge safety. Therefore, a high-tech bridge safety monitoring system based on monitoring the vibration behaviour of a bridge is developed in this study and applied to Xibin Bridge. A flood event is recorded and studied to understand the relationship between bridge vibration behaviours and scour. The study results for the monitoring system are verified using in-field vibration measurements and simulations by a numerical model.
Learning from structural failure: the challenges and opportunities
Authors: Brady Sean P.
Published: January 2014

Learning the lessons from structural failure necessarily involves investigating the organisational and technical causes of failure, and ensuring these lessons are disseminated to the wider structural engineering profession to prevent reoccurrence. Yet despite the obvious benefits of such an approach, individuals and organisations are generally reluctant to disclose or acknowledge failure, and these psychological reactions can dominate their ability to learn the critical lessons. Understanding the role these psychological reactions play in inhibiting learning is a key step in developing practical methodologies for ensuring the lessons of past failures are not forgotten. This paper reviews and discusses some of the unique aspects of anticipating, responding to, and learning from all forms of failure, not only those of a structural nature. The paper reviews the barriers to learning, the challenges of identifying and analysing failure, the importance of ‘near-misses’ in anticipating failure, and explores how these insights can provide guidance to the structural engineering profession on how best to ensure effective learning occurs.
Toward Theoretical Understanding of the Fertility Preservation Decision-Making Process: Examining Information Processing Among Young Women With Cancer
Authors: Hershberger Patricia E. , Finnegan Lorna , Altfeld Susan , Lake Sara , Hirshfeld-Cytron Jennifer
Published: January 2014

Background: Young women with cancer now face the complex decision about whether to undergo fertility preservation. Yet little is known about how these women process information involved in making this decision. Objective: The purpose of this article is to expand theoretical understanding of the decision-making process by examining aspects of information processing among young women diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Using a grounded theory approach, 27 women with cancer participated in individual, semistructured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed using constant-comparison techniques that were guided by 5 dimensions within the Contemplate phase of the decision-making process framework. Results: In the first dimension, young women acquired information primarily from clinicians and Internet sources. Experiential information, often obtained from peers, occurred in the second dimension. Preferences and values were constructed in the third dimension as women acquired factual, moral, and ethical information. Women desired tailored, personalized information that was specific to their situation in the fourth dimension; however, women struggled with communicating these needs to clinicians. In the fifth dimension, women offered detailed descriptions of clinician behaviors that enhance or impede decisional debriefing. Conclusion: Better understanding of theoretical underpinnings surrounding women’s information processes can facilitate decision support and improve clinical care.
Assessment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Women With Breast Cancer: A Neuman Systems Model Framework
Authors: Bourdeanu Laura , Dee Vivien
Published: January 2014

The importance of nursing theory and models for the development of the nursing profession is becoming increasingly evident in literature. This article demonstrates the use of the Betty Neuman Systems Model (NSM) to assess, as well as determine the predictors of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients diagnosed with breast cancer receiving doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. The selection of the model for practice reflects the congruency between the level of severity of CINV and the patient-related risk factors. In addition, the NSM was used to determine the appropriate nursing interventions necessary to strengthen the flexible lines of defense and the lines of resistance in addition to maintaining system stability.
Rapid Removal of Aniline from Contaminated Water by a Novel Polymeric Adsorbent
Authors: Huang Yunhong , Xu Yang , He Qinghua , Cao Yusheng , Du Bibai
Published: January 2014

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for aniline were synthesized by a thermal polymerization method using acrylamide as a functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker, 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator, acetonitrile as a porogenic solvent, and analogues of aniline, namely sulfadiazine, as the template. The DMIPs that were obtained showed a high affinity to aniline compared to non‐imprinted polymers. It was proven that the DMIPs obtained using sulfadiazine as the template were much better than the molecularly imprinted polymers using aniline as the template. The results indicated that the Freundlich model was fit for the adsorption model of DMIP for aniline and the adsorption model of the DMIP for aniline was multilayer adsorption. Furthermore, the results showed that the DMIP synthesized by bulk polymerization could be used as a novel adsorbent for removal of aniline from contaminated water.
Modeling of Concentration Polarization in a Reverse Osmosis Channel with Parabolic Crossflow
Authors: Liu Cui , Morse Audra , Rainwater Ken , Song Lianfa
Published: January 2014

Concentration polarization in narrow reverse osmosis channels with parabolic crossflow was numerically simulated with finite different equations related to permeate velocity, crossflow velocity, average salt concentration, and wall salt concentration. A significant new theoretical development was the determination of two correction functions, F2 and F3, in the governing equation for average salt concentration. Simulations of concentration polarization under various conditions were then presented to describe the features of the new model as well as discussions about the differences of concentration polarizations of the more realistic parabolic flow with those when plug flow or shear flow was assumed. The situations in which the simpler models based on shear or plug flow can be used were indicated. Concentration polarization was also simulated for various conditions to show the applicability of the model and general features of concentration polarization in a narrow, long reverse osmosis channel.
Biopower Generation from Kitchen Wastewater Using a Bioreactor
Authors: Khan Abdul M. , Naz Shamsa
Published: January 2014

This research provides a comparative study of the power output from mediator‐less and mediator microbial fuel cells (MFCs) under aerobic and partially anaerobic conditions using kitchen wastewater (KWW) as a renewable energy source. The wastewater sample was subjected to different physical, chemical, biochemical, and microbial analysis. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and power output values were greater for the fermented samples than the non‐fermented samples. The power output of samples was compared through the development of MFCs by using sand‐salt bridge and agar‐salt bridge. The H2 that was produced was converted to atomic hydrogen by using the nickel‐coated zinc electrode. In addition, the power output was further enhanced by introducing air into the cathodic chamber, where oxygen reacts with the protons to form pure H2O. The study showed that the power output was increased with the increase in COD and BOD values.
Lead Biosorption Using a Dairy Sludge—Thermodynamic Study and Competition Effects
Authors: Sassi M. , Guibal E. , Bestani B.
Published: January 2014

Local diary sludge as a biosorbent was used in this study for lead ion adsorption from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out as a function of temperature, initial concentration, and ionic strength. Lead uptake was significantly enhanced from 149 to 224 mg/g of dairy sludge by a temperature increase at pH 5. Equilibrium data for metal ion adsorption were analyzed using model equations, namely Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the best fit to the experimental data was provided by the first isotherm model. Brunauer–Emett–Teller and Fourier transform infrared analyses were also performed to characterize the biosorbent. Ionic strength using NaCl, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2 did not affect Pb+2 sorption, while there was a 20% decrease using CaCl2. A limited effect of Cd+2 ions present in the binary system on lead sorption was observed. This study shows that this local dairy sludge can be an alternative to the commercially available adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from liquid effluents.
An Investigation of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Nitrification during Long‐Term Exposure to Cold Temperatures
Authors: Hoang Valerie , Delatolla Robert , Laflamme Edith , Gadbois Alain
Published: January 2014

Biological treatment is the most common and economical means of ammonia removal in wastewater; however, nitrification rates can become completely impeded at cold temperatures. Attached growth processes and, specifically, moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) have shown promise with respect to low‐temperature nitrification. In this study, two laboratory MBBRs were used to investigate MBBR nitrification rates at 20, 5, and 1 °C. Furthermore, the solids detached by the MBBR reactors were investigated and Arrhenius temperature correction models used to predict nitrification rates after long‐term low‐temperature exposure was evaluated. The nitrification rate at 5 °C was 66 ± 3.9% and 64 ± 3.7% compared to the rate measured at 20 °C for reactors 1 and 2, respectively. The nitrification rates at 1 °C over a 4‐month exposure period compared to the rate at 20 °C were 18.7 ± 5.5% and 15.7 ± 4.7% for the two reactors. The quantity of solids detached from the MBBR biocarriers was low and the mass of biofilm per carrier did not vary significantly at 20 °C compared to that after long‐term exposure at 1 °C. Lastly, a temperature correction model based on exposure time to cold temperatures showed a strong correlation to the calculated ammonia removal rates relative to 20 °C following a gradual acclimatization period to cold temperatures.
Effectiveness of Phytoremediation Technologies to Clean Up of Metalloids Using Three Plant Species in Iran
Authors: Nejatzadeh‐Barandozi Fatemeh , Gholami‐Borujeni Fathollah.
Published: January 2014

Phytoremediation is a potential, innovative, and cost‐effective technology for non‐destructive remediation of heavy‐metal contaminated soils. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiencies of three plants and the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or ammonium addition [(NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3] for assisting removal of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd) from contaminated soil. The tested plants include Amaranthus retroflexus, Sorghum bicolor, and Lolium perrene. Results showed that maximum concentration of Pb, Hg, and Cd were detected in shoots of A. retroflexus, S. bicolor, and L. perrene at high concentrations in pH=6.2. The application of EDTA as a chelating agent to soil was the most efficient to enhance the phytoavailability of Pb, Hg and Cd. The concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cd in the shoots of A. retroflexus treated with EDTA were 57 mg/kg, 14.1 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Results indicated that among the three plants, A. retroflexus had great potential in phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
Synthesis of TiO2 and TiO2‐Pt and Their Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid
Authors: Chen Wenzhao , Ran Xianqiang , Jiang Xu , Min Hongyang , Li Dandan , Zou Liyin , Fan Jianwei , Li Guangming
Published: January 2014

The deposit of noble metal on titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the activity of TiO2. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using a sol‐gel route followed by heat treatment at elevated temperatures (573 K, 773 K, and 973 K). TiO2‐Pt catalyst (1 wt%) was prepared by depositing Pt on the surface of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 and TiO2‐Pt were used as heterogeneous catalysts to remove humic acid with UV‐light (120 W) illumination. TiO2 prepared at low temperature with smaller particle size and larger specific surface area had stronger activity on humic acid degradation. Deposit of Pt would favor separation of photogenerated charges and enhance the photocatalyst activity, but its coating of the active site also inhibited degradation of humic acid. The addition of H2O2 enhanced degradation of humic acid for more active oxygen produced. Low pH (pH = 4) was helpful to adsorb humic acid on the surface of TiO2 and, correspondingly, enhance degradation of humic acid (44.4%).
Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Landfill Leachate Using Two‐Phase System
Authors: Koc‐Jurczyk Justyna
Published: January 2014

The study focused on the problem of removing refractory substances from leachate treated by means of activated sludge method and advanced oxidation process. Biological treatment was conducted in sequencing batch biofilm reactor. Biologically treated leachate was subject to further chemical treatment with the use of Fenton reagent. The permanent dosage of H2O2 amounting to 2 mg·L−1 was applied. Fe(II):H2O2 ratio was 1:10, 1:5 and 1:3. Biological treatment allowed for removing 97% of benzene and only 20% of ethylbenzene. There was a 25% decrease in the concentration of volatile organochlorine compounds. The concentration of benzene in chemically treated leachate increased in comparison with the value found in biologically treated leachate and the growth coincided with the decreasing Fe(II):H2O2 ratio. An analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed that leachate subjected to advanced oxidation contained the sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that was lower than in biologically treated leachate, irrespective of Fe(II):H2O2 ratio.
Removal of Effluent Dissolved Organic Matter of Different Molecular Sizes by Advanced Treatments and Soil Infiltration
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhao Xuan , Gao Yutuan , Zhang Meng
Published: January 2014

Removal of municipal effluent‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) of various apparent molecular weights (AMWs) was compared among ozonation, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin coagulation. These advanced technologies were applied as pretreatments for soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Soil aquifer treatment alone removed 20 to 30% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254. Soil aquifer treatment effectively removed 100% and 76% of DOM with AMWs of 21.3 to 31.6 kDa and 0.4 to 1.0 kDa, respectively. With pretreatments of ozonation, MIEX resin coagulation and nanofiltration, substantially higher removals (40 to 75%) were achieved for DOC and UV254. The removal efficiency of the entire system decreased as nanofiltration‐SAT > ozonation‐SAT > MIEX‐SAT > ultrafiltration‐SAT, which is positively related to the removal efficiency for medium AMW (1.8 to 7.7 kDa, mainly humic substances) DOM during pretreatments. Different pretreatments should, therefore, be chosen in accordance with the water quality of feed water and water products and SAT removal efficiency.
On the Optimality of Conservation Results for Local Reflection in Arithmetic
Authors: Cordón-Franco A. , Fernández-Margarit A. , Lara-Martín F. F.
Published: January 2014

LetTbe a recursively enumerable theory extending Elementary Arithmetic EA. L. D. Beklemishev proved that the Σ2local reflection principle forT,(T), is conservative over the Σ1local reflection principle,(T), with respect to boolean combinations of Σ1-sentences; and asked whether this result is best possible. In this work we answer Beklemishev's question by showing that Π2-sentences are not conserved forT= EA + “f is total,” wherefis any nondecreasing computable function with elementary graph. We also discuss how this result generalizes ton> 0 and obtain as an application that forn> 0,is conservative overIΣnwith respect to Πn+2-sentences.
Decidability of Definability
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Pinsker Michael , Tsankov Todor
Published: January 2014

For a fixed countably infinite structure Γ with finite relational signature τ, we study the following computational problem: input are quantifier-free τ-formulas ϕ0, ϕ1, …, ϕn that define relations R0, R1, …, Rn over Γ. The question is whether the relation R0 is primitive positive definable from R1, …, Rn, i.e., definable by a first-order formula that uses only relation symbols for R1, …, Rn, equality, conjunctions, and existential quantification (disjunction, negation, and universal quantification are forbidden).

We show decidability of this problem for all structures Γ that have a first-order definition in an ordered homogeneous structure Δ with a finite relational signature whose age is a Ramsey class and determined by finitely many forbidden substructures. Examples of structures Γ with this property are the order of the rationals, the random graph, the homogeneous universal poset, the random tournament, all homogeneous universal C-relations, and many more. We also obtain decidability of the problem when we replace primitive positive definability by existential positive, or existential definability. Our proof makes use of universal algebraic and model theoretic concepts, Ramsey theory, and a recent characterization of Ramsey classes in topological dynamics.
Computably Isometric Spaces
Authors: Melnikov Alexander G.
Published: January 2014

We say that an uncountable metric space is computably categorical if every two computable structures on this space are equivalent up to a computable isometry. We show that Cantor space, the Urysohn space, and every separable Hilbert space are computably categorical, but the space [0, 1] of continuous functions on the unit interval with the supremum metric is not. We also characterize computably categorical subspaces of ℝn, and give a sufficient condition for a space to be computably categorical. Our interest is motivated by classical and recent results in computable (countable) model theory and computable analysis.
Homology Groups of Types in Model Theory and the Computation of H2(p)
Authors: Goodrick John , Kim Byunghan , Kolesnikov Alexei
Published: January 2014

We present definitions of homology groups Hn (p), n ≥ 0, associated to a complete type p. We show that if the generalized amalgamation properties hold, then the homology groups are trivial. We compute the group H2(p) for strong types in stable theories and show that any profinite abelian group can occur as the group H2 (p).
The Determinacy of Context-Free Games
Authors: Finkel Olivier
Published: January 2014

We prove that the determinacy of Gale-Stewart games whose winning sets are accepted by realtime 1-counter Büchi automata is equivalent to the determinacy of (effective) analytic Gale-Stewart games which is known to be a large cardinal assumption. We show also that the determinacy of Wadge games between two players in charge ofω-languages accepted by 1-counter Büchi automata is equivalent to the (effective) analytic Wadge determinacy. Using some results of set theory we prove that one can effectively construct a 1-counter Büchi automatonand a Büchi automatonsuch that: (1) There exists a model of ZFC in which Player 2 has a winning strategy in the Wadge gameW(L(),L()); (2) There exists a model of ZFC in which the Wadge gameW(L(),L()) is not determined. Moreover these are the only two possibilities, i.e. there are no models of ZFC in which Player 1 has a winning strategy in the Wadge gameW(L(),L()).
Friedberg Numbering in Fragments of Peano Arithmetic andα-Recursion Theory
Authors: Li Wei
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we investigate the existence of a Friedberg numbering in fragments of Peano Arithmetic and initial segments of Gödel's constructible hierarchyLα, whereαis Σ1admissible. We prove that

(1) OverP−+BΣ2, the existence of a Friedberg numbering is equivalent toIΣ2, and

(2) ForLα, there is a Friedberg numbering if and only if the tame Σ2projectum ofαequals the Σ2cofinality ofα.
Mad Families Constructed from Perfect Almost Disjoint Families
Authors: Brendle Jörg , Khomskii Yurii
Published: January 2014

We prove the consistency of together with the existence of a -definable mad family, answering a question posed by Friedman and Zdomskyy in [7, Question 16]. For the proof we construct a mad family in L which is an ℵ1-union of perfect a.d. sets, such that this union remains mad in the iterated Hechler extension. The construction also leads us to isolate a new cardinal invariant, the Borel almost-disjointness number, defined as the least number of Borel a.d. sets whose union is a mad family. Our proof yields the consistency of (and hence, ).
Σ12 and Π11 Mad Families
Authors: Törnquist Asger
Published: January 2014

We answer in the affirmative the following question of Jörg Brendle: If there is a Σ21 mad family, is there then a Π11 mad family?
Anomalous Vacillatory Learning
Authors: Beros Achilles A.
Published: January 2014

In 1986, Osherson, Stob and Weinstein asked whether two variants of anomalous vacillatory learning, TxtFex** and TxtFext**, could be distinguished [3]. In both, a machine is permitted to vacillate between a finite number of hypotheses and to make a finite number of errors. TxtFext**-learning requires that hypotheses output infinitely often must describe the same finite variant of the correct set, while TxtFex**-learning permits the learner to vacillate between finitely many different finite variants of the correct set. In this paper we show that TxtFex** ≠ TxtFext**, thereby answering the question posed by Osherson, et al. We prove this in a strong way by exhibiting a family in TxtFex*2 TxtFext**.
Spectra of Atomic Theories
Authors: Andrews Uri , Knight Julia F.
Published: January 2014

For a countable structure , the spectrum is the set of Turing degrees of isomorphic copies of . For a complete elementary first order theory T, the spectrum is the set of Turing degrees of models of T. We answer a question from [1] by showing that there is an atomic theory T whose spectrum does not match the spectrum of any structure.
Copyable Structures
Authors: Montalbán Antonio
Published: January 2014

We introduce the notions of copyable and diagonalizable classes of structures. We then show how these notions are connected to two other notions that had already been studied for some particular classes of structures, namely the listability property and the low property.

The main result of this paper is the characterizations of the classes of structures with the low property, that is, the classes whose low members all have computable copies. We characterize these classes as the ones whose structural jumps are listable.
From Bi-Immunity to Absolute Undecidability
Authors: Bienvenu Laurent , Day Adam R. , Hölzl Rupert
Published: January 2014

An infinite binary sequence A is absolutely undecidable if it is impossible to compute A on a set of positions of positive upper density. Absolute undecidability is a weakening of bi-immunity. Downey, Jockusch and Schupp [2] asked whether, unlike the case for bi-immunity, there is an absolutely undecidable set in every non-zero Turing degree. We provide a positive answer to this question by applying techniques from coding theory. We show how to use Walsh–Hadamard codes to build a truth-table functional which maps any sequence A to a sequence B, such that given any restriction of B to a set of positive upper density, one can recover A. This implies that if A is non-computable, then B is absolutely undecidable. Using a forcing construction, we show that this result cannot be strengthened in any significant fashion.
A Perfect Set of Reals with Finite Self-Information
Authors: Herbert Ian
Published: January 2014

We examine a definition of the mutual information of two reals proposed by Levin in [5]. The mutual information is

whereK(·) is the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity. A realAis said to have finite self-information ifI (A : A)is finite. We give a construction for a perfect Π10class of reals with this property, which settles some open questions posed by Hirschfeldt and Weber. The construction produces a perfect set of reals withK(σ)≤+KA(σ)+f (σ)for any given Δ20fwith a particularly nice approximation and for a specific choice of f it can also be used to produce a perfect Π10set of reals that are low for effective Hausdorff dimension and effective packing dimension. The construction can be further adapted to produce a single perfect set of reals that satisfyK(σ)≤+KA(σ)+f (σ)for allfin a ‘nice’ class of Δ20functions which includes all Δ20orders.
Extensions and Applications of the S-Measure Construction
Authors: Ross David A.
Published: January 2014

S-measures are Loeb measures restricted to the sigma algebra generated by standard sets. This paper gives new extensions of the S-measure machinery, with applications to standard measure theory.
On the Structure of Finite Level and ω-Decomposable Borel Functions
Authors: Ros Luca Motto
Published: January 2014

We give a full description of the structure under inclusion of all finite level Borel classes of functions, and provide an elementary proof of the well-known fact that not every Borel function can be written as a countable union of Σα0-measurable functions (for every fixed 1 ≤ α < ω1). Moreover, we present some results concerning those Borel functions which are ω-decomposable into continuous functions (also called countably continuous functions in the literature): such results should be viewed as a contribution towards the goal of generalizing a remarkable theorem of Jayne and Rogers to all finite levels, and in fact they allow us to prove some restricted forms of such generalizations. We also analyze finite level Borel functions in terms of composition of simpler functions, and we finally present an application to Banach space theory.
Automatic Continuity for Homomorphisms into Free Products
Authors: Slutsky Konstantin
Published: January 2014

A homomorphism from a completely metrizable topological group into a free product of groups whose image is not contained in a factor of the free product is shown to be continuous with respect to the discrete topology on the range. In particular, any completely metrizable group topology on a free product is discrete.
Anti-Complex Sets and Reducibilities with Tiny Use
Authors: Franklin Johanna N. Y. , Greenberg Noam , Stephan Frank , Wu Guohua
Published: January 2014

In contrast with the notion of complexity, a setAis called anti-complex if the Kolmogorov complexity of the initial segments ofAchosen by a recursive function is always bounded by the identity function. We show that, as for complexity, the natural arena for examining anti-complexity is the weak-truth table degrees. In this context, we show the equivalence of anti-complexity and other lowness notions such as r.e. traceability or being weak truth-table reducible to a Schnorr trivial set. A setAis anti-complex if and only if it is reducible to another setBwithtiny use, whereby we mean that the use function for reducingAtoBcan be made to grow arbitrarily slowly, as gauged by unbounded nondecreasing recursive functions. This notion of reducibility is then studied in its own right, and we also investigate its range and the range of its uniform counterpart.
Isomorphism of Computable Structures and Vaught's Conjecture
Authors: Becker Howard
Published: January 2014

The following question is open: Does there exist a hyperarithmetic class of computable structures with exactly one non-hyperarithmetic isomorphism-type? Given any oracle α ∈ 2ω, we can ask the same question relativized to α. A negative answer for every α implies Vaught's Conjecture for Lω1ω.
Optimization of rapeseed oil fatty acid esterification with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid
Authors: Brinks Janis , Malins Kristaps , Kampars Valdis , Prilucka Julija , Apseniece Lauma
Published: January 2014

The interest in biodiesel production from low cost feedstocks is still increasing. Such feedstocks usually contain large amounts of free fatty acids, which make the currently employed base catalysts inefficient, thereby promoting the use of acid catalysts. Due to the high activity and low cost, sulfuric acid could become the most widely used acid catalyst for biodiesel production. Research undertaken so far using sulfuric acid for esterifi cation of fatty acids has shown that the products obtained fail to meet the requirements of the standard EN 14214. This paper describes a systematic study of rapeseed oil fatty acids esterification in order to obtain a product complying with the standard EN 14214. The influence of sulfuric acid concentrations (0.1-3.0%), methanol molar ratios (1:1-20:1) and reaction time (0-360 min) was evaluated. Finally, a two-stage esterification process was developed, where in optimal conditions esterification yield of 97.8% and ester content of 99.6% were achieved.
Expanding the Topological Space of Bioactive Peptides
Authors: Reymond Jean-Louis , Darbre Tamis
Published: January 2014

Naturally occurring peptides and proteins consist almost exclusively of linear or cyclic polypeptide chains. Our group explores the chemical space of peptides by redesigning their topology through the introduction of branching points in the peptide chain. Branched peptides are generally
resistant to proteolysis and display remarkable biological properties by multivalency effects (peptide dendrimers) and conformational rigidity (polycyclic peptides). We review our recent progress in peptide dendrimers as enzyme models, biofilm inhibitors, antimicrobials, DNA transfection and
cell-penetrating agents, and in the synthesis and characterization of bicyclic peptides as new scaffolds for drug design.
Four Decades, Four Places and Four Concepts
Authors: Mutter Manfred
Published: January 2014

Peptide chemistry has experienced enormous progress over the last decades, and the synthesis-oriented peptide scientist is confronted today with research domains at the interface of chemistry, biology and medicine. In this review, we look at some of our contributions over four decades,
developed at four places in Germany and Switzerland. Special attention is given to four concepts which can be considered as nucleation seeds for some of today's research topics in peptide chemistry: (1) The use of polyethylene glycols (PEG) as solubilizing carriers in liquid-phase peptide
synthesis which has resulted in the well known 'PEGylation' of peptides and proteins, (2) the construction of artificial proteins using topological templates, termed template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASP) which has stimulated the use of templates in peptide and protein design and mimicry,
(3) pseudo-prolines which serve today as routine technology for the prevention of peptide self-association and beta-sheet formation in peptide synthesis, thus making accessible solid-phase synthesis of peptides up to the size of small proteins, and finally (4) studies on the onset of secondary
structure and conformational transitions in designed oligo-peptides which resulted in the creation of 'switch-peptides' as folding precursors, allowing delineation of the molecular mechanism of protein folding and misfolding as an early step in peptide self-assembly and fibril formation relevant
in degenerative diseases.
Bachem – Insights into Peptide Chemistry Achievements by the World's Leading Independent Manufacturer of Peptides
Authors: Mergler Monika , Loidl Günther , Diekmann Martina , Dick Fritz
Published: January 2014

The Swiss fine chemicals company Bachem, pioneer and specialist in the chemical synthesis of peptides, has also become an internationally leading manufacturer of peptide active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In response to increasing demands in scale and purity, Bachem's research
efforts centered on the chemistry involved in solid-phase peptide synthesis and the production of the required amino acid derivatives with the aim of a continuous improvement of the technology. The resulting optimized protocols together with high-throughput equipment enabled us to manufacture
long peptide APIs and, more recently, even pharma-grade glycoproteins in industrial scale.
From Azidoproline to Functionalizable Collagen
Authors: Siebler Christiane , Erdmann Roman S. , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2014

The article summarizes our research devoted to the development of functionalizable collagen using azidoproline-containing model peptides. 'Click chemistry' or Staudinger reduction followed by acylation provided facile access to a range of differently functionalized collagen model peptides
bearing e.g. carbohydrates. The research provided not only insight into the factors that are responsible for the high conformational stability of collagen but also a guide in which positions functional moieties are tolerated without or by deliberately disturbing the supramolecular assembly
of collagen. The presented research will be useful for the development of collagen-based materials.
Nucleic Acid-tagged Peptides: Encoding Libraries and Controlling Dimerization and Conformation
Authors: Sadhu Kalyan K. , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: January 2014

Recent progress in the synthesis, screening, and self-assembly of nucleic acid–tagged peptidic libraries is reviewed.
First isolation of Leptospira interrogans from the arboreal squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus introduced in Argentina
Authors: Gozzi Ana Cecilia , Guichón M. Laura , Benitez Verónica Victoria , Romero Graciela Noemi , Auteri Carmelo , Brihuega Bibiana
Published: January 2014

We isolated Leptospira strains from renal tissue samples of Asiatic red‐bellied squirrels Callosciurus erythraeus, captured in Argentina. In December 2008, we captured 34 squirrels in the province of Santa Fe during a short control campaign, which were screened for Leptospira spp. by direct immunofluorescence assays and isolation attempts in renal tissue samples. A prevalence of 38% of Leptospira spp. was obtained by direct immunofluorescence. The isolates, genotyped by the MLVA, were identified as L. interrogans Canicola (N = 2) and L. interrogans Icterohaemorraghiae (N = 1), showing an identical genetic profile to the reference strains Hond Utrech IV (serovar Canicola, serogroup Canicola) and M20 (serovar Copenhageni, serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae), respectively. Our study shows for the first time that the red‐bellied squirrel is a renal carrier of Leptospira interrogans and might act as a reservoir of leptospirosis both in native range and areas of introduction within several European countries, Japan and Argentina. The close association of this introduced squirrel species with humans and domestic animals may increase the probability of disease transmission, particularly in favourable environments.
How Teacher Evaluation Methods Matter for Accountability
Authors: Harris Douglas N. , Ingle William K. , Rutledge Stacey A.
Published: January 2014

Policymakers are revolutionizing teacher evaluation by attaching greater stakes to student test scores and observation-based teacher effectiveness measures, but relatively little is known about why they often differ so much. Quantitative analysis of thirty schools suggests that teacher value-added measures and informal principal evaluations are positively, but weakly, correlated. Qualitative analysis suggests that some principals give high value-added teachers low ratings because the teachers exert too little effort and are “lone wolves” who work in isolation and contribute little to the school community. The results suggest that the method of evaluation may not only affect which specific teachers are rewarded in the short term, but shape the qualities of teacher and teaching students experience in the long term.
Water and Biodiversity
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2014

Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 1, Page 1-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v23i1.9461
Observations and modeling of the braking effect of forests on small and medium avalanches
Authors: Feistl Thomas , Bebi Peter , Teich Michaela , Bühler Yves , Christen Marc , Thuro Kurosch , Bartelt Perry
Published: January 2014

A long-standing problem in avalanche science is to understand how forests stop avalanches. In this paper we quantify the effect of forests on small and medium avalanches, crucial for road and skirun safety. We performed field studies on seven avalanches where trees affected the runout. We gathered information concerning the release zone location and dimension, deposition patterns and heights, runout distance and forest structure. In these studies the trees were not destroyed, but acted as rigid obstacles. Wedge-like depositions formed behind (1) individual tree stems, (2) dense tree groups and (3) young trees with low-lying branches. Using the observations as a guide, we developed a one-parameter function to extract momentum corresponding to the stopped mass from the avalanche. The function was implemented in a depth-averaged avalanche dynamics model and used to predict the observed runout distances and mean deposition heights for the seven case studies. The approach differs from existing forest interaction models, which modify avalanche friction to account for tree breakage and debris entrainment. Our results underscore the importance of forests in mitigating the danger from small-to-medium avalanches.
Characteristics of the last five surges of Lowell Glacier, Yukon, Canada, since 1948
Authors: Bevington Alexandre , Copland Luke
Published: January 2014

Field observations, aerial photographs and satellite images are used to reconstruct the past surges of Lowell Glacier, Yukon, Canada, since 1948 based on the timing of terminus advances. A total of five surges occurred over this time, each with a duration of ~1–2 years. The time between successive surges ranged from 12 to 20 years, and appears to have been shortening over time. The relatively short advance and quiescent phases of Lowell Glacier, together with rapid increases in velocity during surges, suggest that the surging is controlled by a hydrological switch. The 2009–10 surge saw ablation area velocities increase by up to two orders of magnitude from quiescent velocities, and the terminus increase in area by 5.1 km2 and in length by up to 2.85 km. This change in area was the smallest since 1948, and follows the trend of decreasing surge extents over time. This decrease is likely driven by a strongly negative surface mass balance of Lowell Glacier since at least the 1970s, and means that the current town site of Haines Junction is very unlikely to be flooded by damming caused by any future advances of the glacier under the current climate regime.
The Measurement of Emotions Elicited Within Festival Contexts: A Psychometric Test of a Festival Consumption Emotions (FCE) Scale
Authors: Lee Jenny (Jiyeon) , Kyle Gerard T.
Published: January 2014

Despite the growing number of studies on emotions conducted in tourism contexts, the scales measuring the phenomena have performed poorly, displaying questionable reliability and validity. Building from past work, we developed a Festival Consumption Emotions (FCE) scale capturing festival
goers' emotional experiences in situ. Employing on-site and follow-up mixed mode survey procedures, data were collected from visitors to three community-based agricultural-themed festivals. We tested the psychometric properties of the FCE scale using confirmatory factor analysis and explored
variation in scale performance among men and women through invariance testing. The study results demonstrated that emotions elicited during respondents' festival experience had four basic elements: love, joy, surprise, and negative. Although no differences were
observed in the factorial structure of emotions by gender, the intensity of emotion expressed by men and women differed. Women scored higher than men on measures of positive emotions related to delight and lower on measures of negative emotions (i.e., unhappy and discontented). Based on these
findings, we provide some insight on theory related to emotions and guidance for practice.
The Tourist's Gaze: From the Perspective of a Muslim Woman
Authors: Asbollah Asra Zaliza Bte , Lade Clare , Michael Ewen
Published: January 2014

This article continues the exploration of factors determining the tourist gaze in differing circumstances. Without intending to engage in a feminist debate, the article focuses on the preferences of women tourists as factors contributing to the development of domestic tourism in Malaysia.
It goes further by using their own “tourist gaze” as a tool to explore these perceptions. This approach delivers outcomes that differ substantially from those of previous studies in comparable Western environments. Here, a case study from the resort town of Setiu serves to illustrate
the complex array of social forces—a heady compound of nationality, race, culture, religion, and gender—to distinguish the preferences of local tourists and of Malay Muslim women in particular.
Profiling Tourism Smes According to Owners' Support for Community: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: Hallak Rob , Assaker Guy , O'Connor Peter
Published: January 2014

This study profiles small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) according to their level of support for local communities in order to investigate the relationship between such support and enterprise performance. Cluster analysis, chi-square, and MANOVA were used to explore data from
298 owners of SMTEs operating in South Australia. Results indicated that SMTEs are best grouped in two segments according to their level of support for community (Reluctants and Community Advocates). Segments can be differentiated by: 1) the number of family members working in the business;
2) the number of years the business has been in existence; 3) whether the owners have family members living in town; and 4) the type of business. Findings also demonstrate significant differences between segments in terms of business performance, with Community Advocates reporting greater
levels of performance. As such, the findings have implications for scholars in tourism and entrepreneurial studies, and for tourism policy makers trying to support the sustainable development of regional tourism destinations.
Coastal Route Tourism: A Vehicle for Collaborative Economic Development in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Myles Peter B.
Published: January 2014

Route tourism is a market-driven approach for tourism destination development. The concept of tourist routes refers to an initiative to bring together a variety of activities and attractions under a unified theme and thus stimulate entrepreneurial opportunities through the development
of ancillary products and services. Based on the development and promotion of a coastal route extending some 900 km along the diverse coastline of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, this article suggests that the essential concept of coastal route tourism is simple—that of linking
together a series of tourist attractions along a defined coastline in order to promote coastal and marine tourism by encouraging visitors to travel from one location to another.
Falls in the Audiology Clinic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Criter Robin E. , Honaker Julie A.
Published: January 2014

Background:Falls are a common and often preventable cause of injury and death among older adults. Hearing loss, vestibular disorders, dizziness, and imbalance are common risk factors for falls; however, the rate of falls among older audiology patients has never been assessed.Purpose:To
examine the fall history and risk factors of older adults seen in a university audiology clinic.Research Design:A descriptive and correlational retrospective chart review of fall history and characteristics of patients seen in a university audiology clinic.Study Sample:88 (51
women, 37 men) patients aged 60 yr and older seen in a university audiology clinic.Data Collection and Analysis:At the time of hearing evaluation, clinic patients filled out the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, as well as a history form containing fall-related questions.
These measures, as well as demographic information (gender and age) were retrieved during a retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed with independent-samples t-tests, Pearson correlations, and descriptive statistics.Results:Fifty percent of the study sample reported falling
within the preceding 12 mo, while 70% reported having fallen at some point in the past. ABC Scale score was negatively correlated with age and number of recent falls.Conclusions:There appears to be a higher prevalence of falls within a university audiology clinic relative to previously
published fall rates in the general population.