bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of long-range transport of air pollutants on nitrogenous organic matters in mountain background region of Southeast China: Sources and influencing factors identified by observation and modal calculation
Authors: Ren Yanqin , Wang Gehui , Wei Jie , Tao Jun , Zhang Zhisheng , Li Hong
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs), a major component of brown carbon (BrC), have a significant role in the atmosphere’s ability to absorb light. Despite this, the sources and major influencing variables of the mountain background atmosphere are mostly lacking. The current work is based on a thorough field investigation of NACs from fine particle samples taken in 2014 and 2015 at the peak of Mt. Wuyi (1139 meters above sea level) and includes a thorough examination of the seasonal fluctuations in their composition, sources, and significant influencing factors. As a result of the air masses traveling mostly via northern heating zones, the total abundance of nine quantifiable NACs increased significantly in the winter (3.9 ± 1.5 ng m-3) and autumn (2.1± 0.94 ng m-3), whereas it decreased in the spring (1.3 ± 0.75 ng m-3) and summer (0.97 ± 0.36 ng m-3). The most prevalent NAC species during the year was 4- nitrocatechol (25.8 %), followed by 5-nitroguaiacol (17.6 %). In addition, the majority of NACs (93 %) were influenced by coal, biomass, and petroleum combustion over the entire year, according to the results of structural equation modeling (SEM). Pollutant movement had a significant impact on the atmospheric NACs at the peak of Mt. Wuyi, especially in the winter (93.4 %) and spring (68.7 %). Long-range transport of nitration reactions was the dominant style in the transport process during the winter (33.7 %), while long-range transport of mixed sources was significant throughout the other seasons (14 %–37 %). In particular, for 4-nitrocatechol, NO2 may enhance the generation of NACs with a major impact on their compositions. Under low-NOx conditions, the formation of NACs was comparatively sensitive to NO2, suggesting that NACs would become significant in the aerosol characteristics when nitrate concentrations decreased as a result of emission reduction measures.
A hydrogeological conceptual model of aquifers in catchments headed by temperate glaciers
Authors: Vincent Aude , Daigre Clémence , Fischer Ophélie , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Violette Sophie , Hart Jane , Guðmundsson Snævarr , Pálsson Finnur
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Achieving understanding and quantification of unknown aquifer systems in glacial context is crucial to forecast the evolution under climate change of water resources and of potential floods and landslides hazards. We focus on four south-eastern outlet glaciers of the main Icelandic icecap, Vatnajökull. New data are being acquired in the field to characterise groundwater dynamics. From this we propose a hydrogeological conceptual model: two distinct aquifers and their hydraulic conductivities are identified. A comprehensive water balance at the scale of the watershed has been obtained. Recharge to the aquifers is 4 times higher under the glaciers than on the plain, and we demonstrate the glacial melt recharge impact on the groundwater dynamic.
Origins of Mesoscale Mixed Layer Depth Variability in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Gao Yu , Kamenkovich Igor , Perlin Natalie
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mixed-layer depth (MLD) exhibits significant variability, which is important for atmosphere-ocean exchanges of heat and atmospheric gases. Origins of the mesoscale MLD variability at the oceanic mesoscale in the Southern Ocean are studied here in an idealized Regional Ocean-Atmosphere Model (ROAM). The main conclusion from the analysis of the upper-ocean buoyancy budget is that, while the atmospheric forcing and oceanic vertical mixing on average induce the mesoscale variability of MLD, the three-dimensional oceanic advection of buoyancy counteracts and partially balances these atmosphere-induced vertical processes. The relative importance of advection changes with both season and the average depth of the mixed layer. From January to May, when the mixed layer is shallow, the atmospheric forcing and oceanic mixing are the most important processes, while the advection plays a secondary role. From June to December, when the mixed layer is deep, both atmospheric forcing and oceanic advection are equally important in driving the MLD variability. Importantly, buoyancy advection by ocean eddies can lead to both local shoaling and deepening of the mixed layer. The role of the atmospheric forcing is then directly addressed by two sensitivity experiments in which the mesoscale variability is removed from the atmosphere-ocean heat and momentum fluxes. The results from these experiments confirm that while the mesoscale MLD variability is controlled by mesoscale atmospheric forcing in summer, the intrinsic oceanic variability and surface forcing are equally important in winter. As a result, MLD variance increases when mesoscale anomalies in atmospheric fluxes are removed in winter and oceanic advection becomes a dominant player in the buoyancy budget. This study emphasizes the importance of oceanic advection and intrinsic ocean dynamics in driving mesoscale MLD variability, and demonstrates the importance of MLD in modulating the effects of advection in the upper-ocean dynamics.
Comparing elevation and backscatter retrievals from CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 over Arctic summer sea ice
Authors: Dawson Geoffrey , Landy Jack
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The CryoSat-2 radar altimeter and ICESat-2 laser altimeter can provide complimentary measurements of the freeboard and thickness of Arctic sea ice. However, both sensors face significant challenges for accurately measuring the ice freeboard when the sea ice is melting in summer months. Here, we used crossover points between CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 to compare elevation retrievals over summer sea ice between 2018–2021. We focused on the electromagnetic (EM) bias documented in CryoSat-2 measurements, associated with surface melt ponds over summer sea ice which cause the radar altimeter to underestimate elevation. The laser altimeter of ICESat-2 is not susceptible to this bias, but has other biases associated with melt ponds. So, we compared the elevation difference and reflectance statistics between the two satellites. We found that CryoSat-2 underestimated elevation compared to ICESat-2 by a median difference of 2.4 cm and by a median absolute deviation of 5.3 cm, while the differences between individual ICESat-2 beams and CryoSat-2 ranged between 1–3.5 cm. Spatial and temporal patterns of the bias were compared to surface roughness information derived from the ICESat-2 elevation data, the ICESat-2 photon rate (surface reflectivity), the CryoSat-2 backscatter and melt pond fraction derived from Seintnel-3 OLCI data. We found good agreement between theoretical predictions of the CryoSat-2 EM melt pond bias and our new observations; however, at typical roughness <0.1 m the experimentally measured bias was larger (5–10 cm) compared to biases resulting from the theoretical simulations (0–5 cm). This intercomparison will be valuable for interpreting and improving the summer sea ice freeboard retrievals from both altimeters.
A long-term 1 km monthly near-surface air temperature dataset over the Tibetan glaciers by fusion of station and satellite observations
Authors: Qin Jun , Pan Weihao , He Min , Lu Ning , Yao Ling , Jiang Hou , Zhou Chenghu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Surface air temperature (SAT) is a key indicator of
global warming and plays an important role in glacier melting. On the
Tibetan Plateau (TP), there exists a large number of glaciers. However,
station SAT observations on these glaciers are extremely scarce, and
moreover the available ones are characterized by short time series, which
substantively hinder our deep understanding of glacier dynamics due to
climate changes on the TP. In this study, an ensemble learning model is
constructed and trained to estimate glacial SATs with a spatial resolution
of 1 km × 1 km from 2002 to 2020 using monthly
MODIS land surface temperature products and many auxiliary variables, such
as vegetation index, satellite overpass time, and near-surface air pressure.
The satellite-estimated glacial SATs are validated against SAT observations
at glacier validation stations. Then, long-term (1961–2020) glacial SATs on
the TP are reconstructed by temporally extending the satellite SAT estimates
through a Bayesian linear regression. The long-term glacial SAT estimates are
validated with root mean squared error, mean bias error, and determination
coefficient being 1.61 ∘C, 0.21 ∘C, and 0.93, respectively.
The comparisons are conducted with other satellite SAT estimates and
ERA5-Land reanalysis data over the validation glaciers, showing that the
accuracy of our satellite glacial SATs and their temporal extensions are
both higher. The preliminary analysis illustrates that the glaciers on the
TP as a whole have been undergoing fast warming, but the warming exhibits
a great spatial heterogeneity. Our dataset can contribute to the monitoring
of glaciers' warming, analysis of their evolution, etc. on the TP. The
dataset is freely available from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center at
https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.272550 (Qin, 2022).
Numerical assessment of morphological and hydraulic properties of moss, lichen and peat from a permafrost peatland
Authors: Cazaurang Simon , Marcoux Manuel , Pokrovsky Oleg S. , Loiko Sergey V. , Lim Artem G. , Audry Stéphane , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Orgogozo Laurent
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Due to its insulating and draining role,
assessing ground vegetation cover properties is important for high-resolution hydrological modeling of permafrost regions. In this study,
morphological and effective hydraulic properties of Western Siberian Lowland
ground vegetation samples (lichens, Sphagnum mosses, peat) are numerically studied
based on tomography scans. Porosity is estimated through a void voxels
counting algorithm, showing the existence of representative elementary
volumes (REVs) of porosity for most samples. Then, two methods are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity depending on the sample's homogeneity. For
homogeneous samples, direct numerical simulations of a single-phase flow are performed, leading to a definition of hydraulic conductivity related to a
REV, which is larger than those obtained for porosity. For heterogeneous
samples, no adequate REV may be defined. To bypass this issue, a pore
network representation is created from computerized scans. Morphological and
hydraulic properties are then estimated through this simplified
representation. Both methods converged on similar results for porosity. Some
discrepancies are observed for a specific surface area. Hydraulic conductivity fluctuates by 2 orders of magnitude, depending on the method
used. Porosity values are in line with previous values found in the literature,
showing that arctic cryptogamic cover can be considered an open and
well-connected porous medium (over 99 % of overall porosity is open
porosity). Meanwhile, digitally estimated hydraulic conductivity is higher
compared to previously obtained results based on field and laboratory
experiments. However, the uncertainty is less than in experimental studies
available in the literature. Therefore, biological and sampling artifacts are predominant over numerical biases. This could be related to
compressibility effects occurring during field or laboratory measurements. These numerical methods lay a solid foundation for interpreting the
homogeneity of any type of sample and processing some quantitative properties' assessment, either with image processing or with a pore network
model. The main observed limitation is the input data quality (e.g., the tomographic scans' resolution) and its pre-processing scheme. Thus, some
supplementary studies are compulsory for assessing syn-sampling and
syn-measurement perturbations in experimentally estimated, effective
hydraulic properties of such a biological porous medium.
Scandinavian experiments in democratic education
Authors: Marjanovic-Shane Ana , Kullenberg Tina , Gradovski Mikhail
Published: January 2023

This article is the first of four articles exploring democratic schools co-founded by teenage students in Norway and Sweden. Our larger project explores the relationship between democracy in education and educational dialogism. Both democracy in education and educational dialogism are partially rooted in the idea that education should be a personal meaning-making practice where the participants can create and organize their lives in ways that make sense to them and explore their interests, values, and desires. We describe the processes of founding two schools – one in Oslo, Norway, and the other in Gothenburg, Sweden – in which students practiced the right to democratic governance. We describe the process of the founding of these schools against the background of the students’ movements in the late 1960s and the 1970s and the social and political conditions in Norway and Sweden at that time. We explore the students’ perspectives on the possibility, desirability, and legitimacy of the students’ voices in ethical-ontological dialogues in which the participants jointly examine their relationships with the world, with others, and with themselves. Further, we explore the forms of democratic school governance that Norwegian and Swedish students created and identified tensions that appeared between the legitimacy of individual students’ rights to ownership of their learning, teachers’ ownership of teaching, and the conventional normative educational policies in Norway and Sweden.
Estimation of A Class of Nonparameteric Probit Models
Authors:   APEC Studies Association of Korea, Lee Sungwon
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider a class of nonparametric probit models for binary dependent variables. We extend the standard parametric probit models to nonparametric models in which the parametric index function in the standard probit models is nonparametrically specified. Such a nonparametric specification for the index function in probit models allows us to consider a flexible functional form of the structural parameters. We propose to use a sieve maximum likelihood estimation approach to estimate the parameter and develop the asymptotic theory, including consistency, convergence rates, and asymptotic normality.
Our asymptotic normality results are applicable to a wide class of functionals of the parameter, regardless of whether the functional of interest is regular or irregular. The Monte Carlo simulation result shows that the proposed sieve maximum likelihood estimator performs well in finite samples in the sense that the proposed sieve maximum likelihood estimator has a small variance and negligible bias in finite samples.
In vitro screening for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant activity of selected Medicinal Plants
Authors:   M. V. College, Buxar (VKS University, Ara, Bihar), India-802101, Ranjan Navi , Shweta Shweta ,   M. V. College, Buxar (VKS University, Ara, Bihar), India-802101, Kumari Manorma ,   A. N. College, Patna (Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar), India-800013
Published: January 2023

In the present study, four plant extracts (Allium sativum L., Desmodium gangeticum L., Eclipta alba L., and Piper longum L.) were considered and checked for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity which is the main true enzyme which hydrolyses acetylcholine in the body. The dried coarse powder of plants was extracted with methanol by cold extraction method. The resultant was assessed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method with few modifications. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferrous reducing Antioxidant power) assays. Quantitative phytochemical (phenolic contents) analysis of endogenous substances was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. Plant extract significantly inhibited AChE activity. Additionally, the plant extracts exhibited strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH and reduced the Ferric ion (FRAP) significantly when compared to that of standards. Plant extracts were found to be rich in phenolic (gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) content. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolics and antioxidants as well as the anticholinesterase potential.
Diversity and distribution of spiders from Tenkasi district, India
Authors:   Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Building (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India, Selvamurugan Selvaraj , Balasubramanian Usha ,   Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, M.S. University, Tamilnadu, India, Vasanthi K. ,   Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, M.S. University, Tamilnadu, India
Published: January 2023

Biodiversity can be simply defined as the variety of all types of living organism. Spiders are among the most diverge groups on earth, which received the seventh ranking in global diversity after the sixth largest insect orders. Spiders are major playing a vital role in the forest ecosystem is the spiders. The spotted spider specimens were taken photographed identified without disturbing it. A total of 17 species of spiders under 15 genera and 9 families were recorded during the Four months survey in five falls in Coutrallam, Tenkasi district, Tamilnadu state, India.
Microscopic theory of ferromagnetism in rare-earth nitrides
Authors: Iwahara Naoya
Published: January 2023

In insulating rare-earth compounds, unquenched orbital momentum and weak crystal-field (CF) splitting of the atomic J multiplet at rare-earth ions result in a highly ranked (multipolar) exchange interaction between them and a complex low-temperature magnetic order not fully uncovered by experiment. Explicitly correlated ab initio methods proved to be highly efficient for an accurate description of CF multiplets and magnetism of individual rare-earth ions in such materials. Here we extend this ab initio methodology and develop a first-principles microscopic theory of multipolar exchange interaction between J multiplets in f-metal compounds [1]. The key point of the approach is a complete account of Goodenough's exchange mechanism along with traditional Anderson’s superexchange and other contributions, the former being dominant in many rare-earth materials. Application of this methodology to the description of the ground-state order in the neodymium nitride (NdN) with rocksalt structure reveals the multipolar nature of its ferromagnetic order. We found that the primary and secondary order parameters contain non-negligible J-tensorial contributions up to the ninth order. The calculated spin-wave dispersion and magnetic and thermodynamic properties show that they cannot be simulated quantitatively by confining to the ground CF multiplet on the lanthanide sites.
Secondary School Teachers' Perceptions and Knowledge of Pragmatic Aspects in EFL Teaching in Tanzania
Authors: J. Selenya Judicate , G. Mwisongo Eusebius
Published: January 2023

Studies have shown that language teaching has been overly concerned with grammar while disregarding the importance of pragmatics. Despite this, the reasons behind this instructional approach have not been adequately investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania, regarding the integration of pragmatics teaching into the classroom. A questionnaire was shared through Google Form and completed by thirty-six English language teachers from 8 secondary schools. Results revealed that the majority of teachers have a positive attitude towards the integration of pragmatics teaching and felt confident in their ability to incorporate it into their teaching, yet they have limited knowledge of pragmatics. These findings have implications for the quality of English language teaching and learning in the schools. The study recommends that more focus be given to the integration of pragmatics in the EFL teachers' education, as well as providing regular in-service training to English language teachers in Tanzania.
A New Portable Home Nursing Care Support System with Scheduling and Flexible Real-time Routing Mechanism
Authors: Lun-Ping Hung Lun-Ping Hung , Lun-Ping Hung Sheng-Lung Peng , Sheng-Lung Peng Chun-Cheng Lin , Chun-Cheng Lin 徐嘉連
Published: January 2023

With the rapid growth of the elderly population, the need for long-term medical care continues to increase, and reliance on medical and institutional nursing care services is limited. Long-term nursing care at home is a kind of home care service which provides continuous nursing care after discharge from the hospital and is an alternative long term care choice that can relieve the hospital from the pressure of too many long-term care beds. Therefore, how to integrate limited medical resources and create a mobile home care model that attracts more manpower willing to devote themselves to the long-term care service and can upgrade the value of nursing information system has always need a breakthrough in the medical information field. This research is built upon the mobile computing technology to construct a new portable home nursing care support system. The result shows that this mobile home nursing care support mechanism can help patients and their families maintain good quality of life and dignified living. At the same time, caregivers are provided with intelligent guide and medical information support during their implementation of home care medical measures, thereby excluding redundant non-professional medical details and improve the quality of home health care service.

 
Decoupling Temporal Convolutional Networks Model in Sound Event Detection and Localization
Authors: Shen Song Shen Song , Shen Song Cong Zhang , Cong Zhang Xinyuan You
Published: January 2023

Sound event detection is sensitive to the network depth, and the increase of the network depth will lead to a decrease in the event detection ability. However, event localization has a deeper requirement for the network depth. In this paper, the accuracy of the joint task of event detection and localization is improved by decoupling SELD-TCN. The joint task is reflected in the early fusion of primary features and the enhancement of the generalization ability of the sound event detection branch as the DOA branch mask, while the advanced feature extraction and recognition of the two branches are carried out in different ways separately. The primary features extracted by resnet16-dilated instead of CNN-Pool. The SED branch adopts linear temporal convolution to realize sound event detection by imitating the linear classifier, and ED-TCN is used for the localization detection branch. The joint training of the DOA branch and the SED branch will affect each other badly. Using the most appropriate way for both branches and masking the DOA branch with the SED branch can improve the performance of both. In the TUT Sound Events 2019 dataset, the DOA error achieved an error effect of 6.73, 8.8 and 30.7 with no overlapping source data, with two and three overlapping sources, respectively. The SED accuracy has been significantly improved, and the DOA error has been significantly reduced.

 
DDPLA: A Dynamic Differential Privacy Algorithm for Social Network Based on Local Community
Authors: Yuanpeng Long Yuanpeng Long , Yuanpeng Long Xianyi Zhou , Xianyi Zhou Yang Li , Yang Li Xuena Zhang , Xuena Zhang Bin Xing
Published: January 2023

Social networks contain a large number of privacy information. Personal privacy will be jeopardized if network data without privacy protection is released directly. In view of the current privacy protection technology to protect the social network, there are some problems such as low maintenance of network structure or low accuracy of network data. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a dynamic differential privacy algorithm for social network based on local community (DDPLA). The algorithm can divide the social network into different communities, dynamically generate privacy budgets for different communities, and then generate uncertainty graphs. Experiments show that compared with other algorithms, the social network processed by DDPLA algorithm can better balance data utility and privacy protection. Furthermore, the algorithm can better protect important nodes.

 
Applying Fuzzy Cognitive Map Based on Structural Equation Modeling for Perceiving the Service Quality and Attributes in Service Industry
Authors: Kuan-Yu Chen Kuan-Yu Chen , Kuan-Yu Chen Yu-Lun Hsu , Yu-Lun Hsu Yu-San Ting , Yu-San Ting Pi-Tzong Jan
Published: January 2023

This study explores why the business firm survival due to provide the service quality and perceived values since servicescape, waiting experiences and food quality are three major factors that affect customer intentions. Therefore, the most examined restaurant attributes are included physical setting and environment, wait time, and food and service quality in this study. Servicescape positively effects perceived service quality. However, service quality is an overall judgment that a based on the perception of the object in consumer process of customer and can be seen as the result of customer evaluation. Therefore, we analyze data from 396 full-service restaurant diners in Taiwan based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to investigate hypothesis and to identify the most relevant decision factors to enhance outcome variables and furthers to help decision makers have a clear picture of affecting factors in the customer behavioral intention. The findings support the model and show that perceived overall service quality and perceived value do exert mediating effects in the relationship between restaurant-related attributes and customer behavioral intention. This study could ultimately contribute to the business firms in service industry to provide decision makers the most desirable outcomes to survival the competitive society.

 
Challenges facing E-government implementation and adoption in the Era of 5G, 6G
Authors: Mosleh Zeebaree Mosleh Zeebaree , Mosleh Zeebaree Musbah Aqel , Musbah Aqel Mary Agoyi
Published: January 2023

Management- E-government projects are in the early stages in many emerging countries. They are facing several challenges regarding their implementation and adoption in the 5G and 6G environments. This research aims to identify the most prominent challenges facing the e-government project in the 5G and 6G environments, especially in the implementation and adoption phases. At the same time, it contributes to identifying the relationships and gaps through identifying factors that directly affect both the implementation and adoption such as security, privacy, and protection of personal data. In the implementation phase, the institutional theory was adopted as a study model, which was enriched through an analytical study of more than 35 studies. The studies were conducted to identify the most noticeable obstacles hindering the e-government implementation in emerging countries. The challenges were related to organizational, infrastructure, political and social themes. The factors were investigated through a study conducted with officials and influential people in the e-government in the Northern Region of Iraq (case study, ministry of interior). The study findings indicated that the previously mentioned themes pose impact on e-government implementation. Furthermore, the study contributed to identifying new contributions that include capabilities, mentality acceptance, leadership vision, telecommunication, Internet accessibility, employee training, and citizen education. In the adoption phase, UTAUT model was augmented by trusting the system and ethics of the Internet since they were factors used in the study. The results indicated that significant distinctions exist in age differences, level of education, excepting gender, and both effort expectancy and behavioral intention for utilizing e-government services in the 5G and 6G environment. Finally, the study identified a set of factors through which relationships and gaps are identified concerning the implementation and adoption of e-government in the 5G and 6G environments.

 
Indoor Localization Method of Mobile Educational Robot Based on Visual Sensor
Authors: Weiping Zhu Weiping Zhu , Weiping Zhu Xiaoling Cheng
Published: January 2023

This article aims to study the mobile positioning method of mobile educational robots indoors. In order for robots to be able to unblocked indoors, they can avoid obstacles well. Vision sensors are the direct source of information for the entire machine vision system, and are mainly composed of one or two graphics sensors, sometimes accompanied by light projectors and other auxiliary equipment. This paper presents an indoor positioning method for mobile educational robots based on visual sensors. Build some models to compare which algorithm is more in line with the positioning of indoor mobile educational robots. The experimental results in this paper show that the positioning accuracy of the optical flow meter and the odometer on the short-haired carpet is equivalent (both are less than the index 4.52%); the positioning error of the optical flowmeter on the long-haired carpet is the largest 7%, and the positioning error of the odometer is the largest it reached 83%. The error of the algorithm positioning method after the visual odometer fusion is obviously smaller than that of the optical flow method. This shows that the algorithm after visual process fusion is more suitable for indoor mobile educational robot positioning than this optical flow method.

 
Can We Fix It? Law, Lawyers and Social Change
Authors: Walsh Tamara
Published: January 2023

Social justice advocates often look to the law to solve complex social problems, but what if the law is not able to live up to this challenge? Even successful legal advocacy can have unintended consequences, and well-intentioned changes to the law sometimes do not accord with the wishes of those they affect. With this in mind, it is important to consider the role of lawyers, and the law, in social change, and to appreciate what can and cannot be achieved through changes to the law and legal systems. Here, I reflect on my own advocacy ‘failures’ and explain what I have learned from them. I conclude that lawyers have an important contribution to make to social change movements, however it is important that they listen to, understand and involve people with lived experience in their advocacy efforts.
Turkey: macro-financial situation
Authors: Sánchez Pastor Paula
Published: January 2023

Rationale

Turkey is identified annually as a material country for the Spanish and euro area banking systems. Moreover, Turkey and Spain are linked by major trade and financial flows. It is therefore important to monitor the country’s macro-financial situation and main weaknesses.

Takeaways

The Turkish economy continued to post very high inflation rates at end-2022, while economic activity began to slow in Q3, following its strong previous momentum. All of this in the context of sizeable external financing needs, foreign currency debt and low international reserves.

Fiscal policy performed better than expected, and the country’s accounts remain healthy. In terms of monetary policy, in August the Turkish central bank resumed the process of reducing the policy interest rate initiated a year earlier, with the real interest rate standing at -75.5% in November.

Nonetheless, macroprudential and regulatory measures were implemented to keep credit growth in check and encourage only lending to certain productive sectors. Meanwhile, the banking sector’s balance sheets remain relatively healthy, although some indicators have worsened.
Utilização dos fitoterápicos Garra do Diabo e Olíbano em pacientes com osteoartrite: revisão Sistemática
Authors: Da Silva Mariane Daniella da Silva , Maniezo Beatriz Damacena , Silveira Mary Anni da Silva , Carvalho Lya Bueno , Ernandes Fernanda Maria Pagane Guereschi
Published: January 2023

A osteoartrite é uma doença reumática inflamatória crônica caracterizada pela degeneração da cartilagem. O tratamento dessa doença requer a combinação de medidas farmacológicas e fitoterápicas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a fim de apresentar os benefícios do uso terapêutico dos fitoterápicos: Harpagophytum procumbens, conhecida popularmente por “Garra do diabo” e a Boswellia serrata conhecida como “Olíbano”. Foram coletados artigos científicos publicados entre os anos 2010 e 2022, utilizando como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect e sites oficiais, utilizando descritores em português e inglês. Os resultados encontrados referentes a utilização dos fitoterápicos foram positivos em relação a diminuição da dor e melhora da mobilidade, pois, são compostos com efeito analgésico e anti-inflamatório. Assim, concluiu-se que maiores estudos são necessários para identificar se a fitoterapia é capaz de reverter ou retardar a doença.
ResearchEquals Lightning Talk @ Exploring the potential of alternative publishing models (JISC workshop)
Authors: Hartgerink Chris
Published: January 2023

This is a lightning talk I gave for a JISC led workshop on "Exploring the potential of alternative publishing models" (2023-01-19). This was a closed session, with attendance of pro-vice-chancellors from UK Universities. I presented the ResearchEquals community with the following slides, with the goal of encouraging them to share it with their constituent junior researchers. The target group of the session is policymakers at UK universities, so I wanted to make sure to reach our core target groups (junior researchers, librarians). I again use the new iA Presenter software - you can find the original file as a supporting file in case you'd like to reuse this (unzip it and open it).
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN KECEMASAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III MENGHADAPI PROSES PERSALINAN PADA MASA PENDEMI COVID 19 DI PRAKTIK MANDIRI BIDAN SF MARTAPURA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Rusdiana Rusdiana
Published: January 2023

Pendahuluan :Dukungan suami sangat berpengaruh pada tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil. Semakin tinggi dukungan suami maka semakin rendah tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III saat menghadapi persalinan, sehingga diharapkan tidak terjadi masalah selama proses persalinan baik pada ibu hamil maupun bayinya.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara dukungan suami dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil trimester III saat menghadapi persalinan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 40 orang ibu hamil trimester III yang datang ke praktik mandiri bidan SF di Sungai Sipai Martapura dengan teknik sampling yaitu total sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 40 responden  .Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner. Analisis data meliputi univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Kendall Tau. Hasil penelitian Ibu hamil yang mendapat dukungan suami sebanyak 75%, dan mayoritas tidak mengalami kecemasan 58%. Kesimpulan Analisis hubungan dukungan suami dengan kecemasan ibu hamil trimester III dalam menghadapi persalinan dengan nilai p valie = 0.011(p<0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak Ha diterima artinya ada hubungan antara dukungan suami dengan kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III saat menghadapi persalinan. Saran  diharapkan suami selalu mendukung dan menemani ibu hamil saat menghadapi persalinan.
HUBUNGAN SKOR MINI MENTAL STATE EXAM DENGAN KEPATUHAN MANAJEMEN DIRI LANSIA DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Hairina Lestari Devi
Published: January 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolik tubuh yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Pengelolaan diabetes melitus dimulai dengan pengaturan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, pengontrolan kadar gula darah, pengaturan minum obat dan perawatan kaki. Tujuan penelitian: untuk hubungan skor mmse dengan kepatuhan manajemen diri lansia dengan diabetes melitus di wilayah puskesmas martapura 1. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, jumlah sampel 89 responden dengan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara langsung menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan manajemen diri (DSMQ). Analisa yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil, sebagian besar responden memiliki kepatuhan manajemen diri yang baik (86,5%). Simpulan mayoritas kepatuhan manajemen baik. Ada hubungan antara skor mmse dengan kepatuhan manajemen diri lansia dengan diabetes mellitus. Saran: bagi penelitian selanjutnya dapat meneliti tentang  kepatuhan manajemen diri lansia pasien Diabetes Melitus.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli from Urine Isolates
Authors: Shailabi Taher I. Mahmod , Aldeeb Osama H. , Almaedani Abdullah F. , Borwis Elham O. , Amer Samar A.
Published: January 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Increasing E. coli resistance to antibiotics is a major concern worldwide. Since UTIs are often treated by trial and error, measuring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important. However, there isn't much information about the rate of antimicrobial resistance to E. coli in the Libyan community. To determine rate of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli urine isolates, in Al-Bayda, Libya. A retrospective study, in which  104 E. coli urine isolates were conducted using the antimicrobial susceptibility profile (antibiogram) of six different antibiotics against E. coli, isolates, were collected from several medical laboratories. Out of the 104 E. coli urine isolates, the MDR was 39.4%. The overall frequency of isolates resistant to ceftriaxone was 62.5%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)(54.8%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (47.11%), ciprofloxacin (26%), nitrofurantoin (18.26%), and levofloxacin (15.4%). Prevalence of AMR among Libyan outpatient urine-isolated E. coli was high, with a high incidence of multidrug-resistance. The knowledge of antibiotic resistance rates in the region helps inform empiric treatment of community-onset UTI and highlights the antibiotic resistance profile to clinicians.
De verborgen estafette
Authors: de Boer Peter
Published: January 2023

Voortplanting en genetica zijn de centrale thema’s van de biologie. Ook hebben ze te maken met levensvragen als: waar komen we vandaan, wat zijn we en waar gaan we naartoe. In de gecombineerde wetenschap, voorplantingsgenetica, worden de generaties met elkaar verbonden en speelt vruchtbaarheid een grote rol. De cellijn die daar verantwoordelijk voor is, staat bekend als de kiembaan, met de gameten als de functionele producten. Het boek volgt de kiembaan en poogt door een vrijer en meer verhalend gebruik van de taal de kloof tussen een academisch tekstboek en de maatschappij te overbruggen. Persoonlijke ervaringen worden niet gemeden, maar domineren niet. Het boek is bedoeld voor mensen die professioneel met deze materie te maken hebben of krijgen, ook in het onderwijs en de journalistiek, maar is door de prachtige kleurenillustraties en een actuele verklarende woordenlijst ook geschikt voor geïnteresseerden zonder professionele achtergrond.
Language Learners’ Disengagement in e-Learning during COVID-19: Secondary Teachers’ Views
Authors: Al Shlowiy Ahmed
Published: January 2023

The study looked at language teachers’ views of their students’ disengagement in e-learning during COVID-19. It described their efforts on how to engage the learners beyond the screen, where teachers have no control, and how to overcome the issues disturbing students’ engagement, motivation, and achievement. The study looked at learning engagement as an important requirement in e-learning, which is influenced by social factors including teachers’ communication with students, students’ interaction among themselves, and their collaboration in learning activities. This study used interviews, reports, and notes of 15 teachers to collect data from 15 language teachers in some Saudi secondary schools during the academic year 2020–2021. That year was completely delivered in e-learning platforms. The findings show that teachers ran into several difficulties to engage their learners in online sessions during that year; students lacked some ethics and requirements for e-learning; and technical issues disabled both teachers and learners from remaining in the learning engagement. These three main results propose a framework for educators, students, parents, and policymakers to deal with the obstacles and threats of learning engagement in online lessons. The study ends with suggestions for future studies.
Atividade física na promoção da saúde: uma avaliação das diretrizes
Authors: De Lima Dartel Ferrari , Luiz Olinda do Carmo
Published: January 2023

A prática de atividade física (AF) regular ao longo do tempo promove benefícios para a saúde. Numerosas organizações elaboram diretrizes para orientar gestores, profissionais da saúde e a população para a prática da AF. No entanto, mesmo que em linhas gerais todas as diretrizes persigam os mesmos objetivos, nuances na comunicação das orientações podem causar discrepâncias no entendimento das mensagens. O objetivo deste ensaio foi descrever e comparar diretrizes de AF, destacando diferenças e semelhanças e identificando lacunas e potencialidades. Encerra sugerindo um esboço para estudos destinados a consubstanciar futuras atualizações das recomendações.
Guidelines for low energy building design based on the adaptive thermal comfort concept - Technical report: IEA EBC Annex 69: Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings.
Authors:   Aalborg University, Hellwig Runa T. , Teli Despoina , Schweiker Marcel , Mora Rodrigo , Choi Joon-Ho , Rawal Rajan , Lee M.C. Jeffrey , Wang Zhaojun , Al-Atrash Farah
Published: January 2023

The adaptive thermal comfort concept has been developed over many years and proven in numerous field studies (e.g. Webb 1964, Nicol and Humphreys 1973, Auliciems 1981b, de Dear et al. 1997, McCartney and Nicol 2002, Manu et al. 2016), showing that people are satisfied with a wide range of thermal conditions. Prerequisite is that people are provided with means to make themselves comfortable, that they know which opportunities they have, that it is socially acceptable to use these opportunities and that they are willing to use them (Hellwig, 2015). However, the overall understanding of how to design for such opportunities enabling the occupant to make themselves comfortable in relation to climate and building type, thus how to convert the adaptive thermal comfort concept into building design and concepts for operating buildings, is still limited. There are still common misunderstandings in the interpretation of the adaptive comfort approach among building planners and operators e.g. regarding the amount of control, the seriousness of this topic or the level of information needed by occupants for which reason guidance (e.g. CIBSE 2010, Cook et al. 2020) and knowledge transfer (e.g. Hellwig and Boerstra 2017, 2018) is absolutely essential. Consequently, there is still a gap between scientific research and real-world-application, which this report aims to diminish.
The Association Between Orthopaedic Surgeon Academic Productivity Metrics and Compensation from Medical Industry
Authors: Flanagan Christopher D. , Walson Francis T. , Schmidt Christian M. , Frankle Mark A. , Mir Hassan R.
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Academic research has value well beyond personal financial gain. However, these endeavors do require a notable amount of time and opportunity cost. Academic productivity may raise a researcher's profile within the field, increasing the likelihood for interactions with the medical industry and possibly cultivating relationships with future monetary significance.

Methods:

Queries of the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services publicly available Open Payments System allowed for extraction of industry compensation data for orthopaedic surgeons. Aggregate data produce three compensation groups (mean annual income) for individual physicians: none; 1 to $100,000; and >$100,000. Physicians in the highest income category were matched 1:1 with physicians in each of the other two compensation groups. Selected physicians then underwent an academic productivity assessment. Queries of Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar User Profile databases provided the h-index and m-index for each surgeon. Bivariate and multivariate analyses produced statistical results. In addition to the analysis of the tiered income groups, analysis of compensation as a continuous variable also occurred.

Results:

From 2016 to 2020, 636, 7,617, and 22,091 US orthopaedic surgeons earned mean annual industry compensation >$100,000; between $1 and $100,000; and $0, respectively. Royalties (80.8%) predominated in the top earning group, compared with Consulting Fees (46.5%) in the second-tier group. The highest income group had higher h-index ($0 versus $1 to 100,000 versus >$100,000 = 3.6 versus 7.5 versus 20.0, P < 0.001) and m-index ($0 versus $1 to 100,000 versus >$100,000 = 0.26 versus 0.44 versus 0.80, P < 0.001) scores than either the intermediate or no compensation groups. In addition, h-index and m-index correlated positively with total compensation (h-index: r = 0.32, P < 0.001; m-index: r = 0.20, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of factors associated with increased industry compensation identified h-index (B = 0.034, P < 0.001) and years active (B = 0.042, P < 0.001) as having significant associations with physician compensation. Physician subspecialty also correlated with industry compensation.

Discussion:

Academic research can provide invaluable contributions to the improvement of patient care. These efforts often require notable personal sacrifice with minimal direct remuneration. However, academic productivity metrics correlate positively with industry compensation, highlighting a possible supplementary benefit to scholarly efforts.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Medicine, Rhetoric, and Natural Philosophy in On Breaths
Authors:   The Korean Association for Philosophy of Medicine, Rhee Kee-Baek
Published: January 2023

On breaths is an interesting work in that it adopts not only natural philosophical approach but also a form of rhetorical speech even though it is a medical treatise. In this paper, I consider the relationship between natural philosophy, rhetoric and medicine in 5th century B.C. through the analysis of On breaths. Since On breaths is a rhetorically elaborate work, there are opinions that the author might be a sophist skilled in rhetoric like Gorgias. Therefore, I also considered whether it is correct to regard the author as a sophist. For these considerations I develop three arguments. First, I show that the author of On breaths is the philosophical physician with the conviction that the same laws apply to the universe and humans under the influence of natural philosophy. Second, I show that On breaths has the form of an epideiktikos logos, modeled after Gorgias' Encomium of Helen. Third, I conclude that the author is not a sophist, but a doctor in the Hippocratic tradition.