bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;21)(p22;q22)
Authors: Paulraj Prabakaran , Diamond Steven , Razzaqi Faisal , Ozeran J. Daniel , Longhurst Maria , Andersen Erica F. , Toydemir Reha M. , Hong Bo
Published: February 2019

The t(7;21)(p22;q22) resulting in RUNX1‐USP42 fusion, is a rare but recurrent cytogenetic abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. The prognostic significance of this translocation has not been well established due to the limited number of patients. Herein, we report three pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). All three patients presented with pancytopenia or leukopenia at diagnosis, accompanied by abnormal immunophenotypic expression of CD7 and CD56 on leukemic blasts. One patient had t(7;21)(p22;q22) as the sole abnormality, whereas the other two patients had additional numerical and structural aberrations including loss of 5q material. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on interphase cells or sequential examination of metaphases showed the RUNX1 rearrangement and confirmed translocation 7;21. Genomic SNP microarray analysis, performed on DNA extracted from the bone marrow from the patient with isolated t(7;21)(p22;q22), showed a 32.2 Mb copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) within the short arm of chromosome 11. After 2‐4 cycles of chemotherapy, all three patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One patient died due to complications related to viral reactivation and graft‐versus‐host disease. The other two patients achieved complete remission after HSCT. Our data displayed the accompanying cytogenetic abnormalities including del(5q) and cnLOH of 11p, the frequent pathological features shared with other reported cases, and clinical outcome in pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). The heterogeneity in AML harboring similar cytogenetic alterations may be attributed to additional uncovered genetic lesions.
An individual patient data meta‐analysis on the effect of chemotherapy on survival in patients with craniofacial osteosarcoma
Authors: Liang Lizhong , Zhang Tonghan , You Yingying , He Qifen , Fan Yunping , Liao Guiqing
Published: February 2019

Chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with long bone osteosarcomas. However, the benefits of chemotherapy in the treatment of craniofacial osteosarcoma (CFOS) are still controversial. We searched PubMed and EMBASE from February 1997 to December 2016 to identify studies on CFOS. The individual patient data of these studies were pooled into a meta‐analysis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Thirteen studies with a total of 184 patients met our inclusion criteria. Positive resection margin was a poor prognostic factor for CFOS in the univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Chemotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with CFOS who had tumors in the maxilla, positive resection margins, or high‐grade tumors. Patients with local tumor recurrence had better OS and DSS when treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy improves survival in patients with CFOS with adverse factors, such as tumors with positive margins, high‐grade tumors, and recurrent tumors.
Outcomes of drainless outpatient parotidectomy
Authors: Coniglio Andrew J. , Deal Allison M. , Hackman Trevor G.
Published: February 2019

Background

Superficial parotidectomy has traditionally been completed with a drain and overnight hospital stay. We report perioperative and postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing drainless outpatient parotidectomy vs traditional drained extended stay parotidectomy.

Methods

Retrospective chart review from a single surgeon from 2009 to 2017 of patients undergoing parotidectomy, including demographic data, surgical approach, tumor pathology and size, blood loss, drain placement, postoperative pain control, and complications, was done. A comparison was performed between patients undergoing drain placement and those treated with “drainless” technique.

Results

Ninety‐one patients underwent parotidectomy (42 drainless; 49 drained). Intraoperative blood loss was lower in the “drainless” group (16.0 mL vs 34.9 mL, P < .001). There was a lower rate of facial nerve paresis in the “drainless” group compared with the “drained” cohort (7% vs 16.3%, P = .18). Seroma formation and infection rate was similar.

Conclusion

In the properly selected patient, outpatient drainless parotidectomy is a viable procedure with comparable outcomes to traditional extended stay drained parotidectomy.
Relocation of inadequate resection margins in the wound bed during oral cavity oncological surgery: A feasibility study
Authors: van Lanschot Cornelia G.F. , Mast Hetty , Hardillo Jose A. , Monserez Dominiek , ten Hove Ivo , Barroso Elisa M. , Cals Froukje L.J. , Smits Roeland W.H. , van der Kamp Martine F. , Meeuwis Cees A. , Sewnaik Aniel , Verdijk Rob , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Noordhoek Hegt Vincent , Bakker Schut Tom C. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Puppels Gerwin J. , Koljenović Senada
Published: February 2019

Background

Specimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of the resection margins provides immediate feedback if an additional excision is needed. However, relocation of an inadequate margin in the wound bed has shown to be difficult. The objective of this study is to assess a reliable method for accurate relocation of inadequate tumor resection margins in the wound bed after intraoperative assessment of the specimen.

Methods

During oral cavity cancer surgery, the surgeon placed numbered tags on both sides of the resection line in a pair‐wise manner. After resection, one tag of each pair remained on the specimen and the other tag in the wound bed. Upon detection of an inadequate margin in the specimen, the tags were used to relocate this margin in the wound bed.

Results

The method was applied during 80 resections for oral cavity cancer. In 31 resections an inadequate margin was detected, and based on the paired tagging an accurate additional resection was achieved.

Conclusion

Paired tagging facilitates a reliable relocation of inadequate margins, enabling an accurate additional resection during the initial surgery.
F‐box/WD Repeat‐Containing Protein 5 Mediates the Ubiquitination of Apoptosis Signal‐Regulating Kinase 1 and Exacerbates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice
Authors: Bai Lan , Chen Ming‐Ming , Chen Ze‐Dong , Zhang Peng , Tian Song , Zhang Yan , Zhu Xue‐Yong , Liu Ye , She Zhi‐Gang , Ji Yan‐Xiao , Li Hongliang
Published: February 2019

Inhibition of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activation has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Multiple forms of posttranslational modifications determine the activity of ASK1. In addition to phosphorylation, recent studies revealed that ubiquitination is essential for ASK1 activation. However, the endogenous factor that regulates ASK1 ubiquitination and activation remains poorly defined. In this study, we identified the E3 ligase Skp1‐Cul1‐F‐box (SCF) protein F‐box/WD repeat‐containing protein 5 (FBXW5) as a key endogenous activator of ASK1 ubiquitination. FBXW5 is the central component of the SCF complex (SCFFbxw5) that directly interacts with and ubiquitinates ASK1 in hepatocytes during NASH development. An in
vivo study showed that hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of FBXW5 exacerbated diet‐induced systemic and hepatic metabolic disorders, as well as the activation of ASK1‐related mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the liver. Conversely, hepatocyte‐specific deletion of FBXW5 significantly prevented the progression of these abnormalities. Mechanically, FBXW5 facilitated the addition of Lys63‐linked ubiquitin to ASK1 and thus exacerbated ASK1‐c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 MAPK signaling, inflammation, and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the N‐terminus (S1) and C‐terminus (S3) of FBXW5 respectively and competitively ablate the function of FBXW5 on ASK1 activation and served as effective inhibitors of NASH progression. Conclusion: This evidence strongly suggests that SCFFbxw5 is an important activator of ASK1 ubiquitination in the context of NASH. The development of FBXW5(S1) or FBXW5(S3)‐mimicking drugs and screening of small‐molecular inhibitors specifically abrogating ASK1 ubiquitination‐dependent activation are viable approaches for NASH treatment.
Transient hippocampal CA1 lesions in humans impair pattern separation performance
Authors: Hanert Annika , Pedersen Anya , Bartsch Thorsten
Published: February 2019

Day‐to‐day life involves the perception of events that resemble one another. For the sufficient encoding and retrieval of similar information, the hippocampus provides two essential computational processes. Pattern separation refers to the differentiation of overlapping memory representations, whereas pattern completion reactivates memories based on noisy or degraded input. Evidence from human and rodent studies suggest that pattern separation specifically relies on neuronal ensemble activity in hippocampal subnetworks in the dentate gyrus and CA3. Although a role for CA1 in pattern separation has been shown in animal models, its contribution in the human hippocampus remains elusive. In order to elucidate the contribution of CA1 neurons to pattern separation, we examined 14 patients with an acute transient global amnesia (TGA), a rare self‐limiting dysfunction of the hippocampal system showing specific lesions to CA1. Patients' pattern separation performance was tested during the acute amnestic phase and follow‐up using an established mnemonic similarity test. Patients in the acute phase showed a profound deficit in pattern separation (p < .05) as well as recognition memory (p < .001) that recovered during follow‐up. Specifically, patients tested in a later stage of the amnesia were less impaired in pattern separation than in recognition memory. Considering the time dependency of lesion‐associated hippocampal deficits in early and late acute stages of the TGA, we showed that the pattern separation function recovered significantly earlier than recognition memory. Our results provide causal evidence that hippocampal CA1 neurons are critical to pattern separation performance in humans.
Examining the organizational factors that affect health workers' attendance: Findings from southwestern Uganda
Authors: Mukasa Miriam N. , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Ssewamala Fred M. , KirkBride Gwyn , Kivumbi Apollo , Namuwonge Flavia , Damulira Christopher
Published: February 2019

Sub‐Saharan Africa experiences human resources crisis in the health sector. Specifically, Uganda faces significant shortages in health care workforce at all levels. However, there is limited literature on factors contributing to health care workforce absenteeism. This study aims to explore reasons for absenteeism among health workers in rural Uganda. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and focus groups. Eight focus groups were conducted with participants (n = 27) selected from 39 selected health centers. Four main themes emerged as the reasons for absenteeism among health workers. These included personal/family related challenges, distance or transportation issues, income specifically additional sources of income, and poor support/supervision. Barriers to active engagement at work were also identified, including loss of motivation, concerns at home, patient level issues, and lack of equipment.

Recommendations were also elicited from the participants. These findings are critical in formulating and developing interventions to address absenteeism and low performance among health workers.
Diffuse and nonlinear imaging of multiscale vascular parameters for in vivo monitoring of preclinical mammary tumors
Authors: Karrobi Kavon , Tank Anup , Tabassum Syeda , Pera Vivian , Roblyer Darren
Published: February 2019

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) techniques provide a wide‐field or macro assessment of the functional tumor state and have shown substantial promise for monitoring treatment efficacy in cancer. Conversely, intravital microscopy provides a high‐resolution view of the tumor state and has played a key role in characterizing treatment response in the preclinical setting. There has been little prior work in investigating how the macro and micro spatial scales can be combined to develop a more comprehensive and translational view of treatment response. To address this, a new multiscale preclinical imaging technique called diffuse and nonlinear imaging (DNI) was developed. DNI combines multiphoton microscopy with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) to provide multiscale data sets of tumor microvascular architecture coregistered within wide‐field hemodynamic maps. A novel method was developed to match the imaging depths of both modalities by utilizing informed SFDI spatial frequency selection. An in vivo DNI study of murine mammary tumors revealed multiscale relationships between tumor oxygen saturation and microvessel diameter, and tumor oxygen saturation and microvessel length (|Pearson's ρ| ≥ 0.5, P < 0.05). Going forward, DNI will be uniquely enabling for the investigation of multiscale relationships in tumors during treatment.
PAM/GO/gel/SA composite hydrogel conduit with bioactivity for repairing peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Zhao Yinxin , Yan Xiaoli , Zhang Luzhong , Li Guicai , Yang Yumin
Published: February 2019

The effective repair and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is still a hot topic in clinical research. The aim of this study was to construct a bioactive composite hydrogel conduit as a three‐dimensional scaffold for the repair of rat sciatic nerve defects. The composite hydrogel conduit was fabricated by blending different volumes of polyacrylamide, graphene oxide, gelatin, and sodium alginate (PAM/GO/Gel/SA，PGGS) and injecting into a self‐made mold with an inner diameter of 2 mm and an outer diameter of 6 mm. Then the conduit was further modified with YIGSR peptide. The properties of the conduit were firstly characterized by morphology, swelling behaviors, tensile test and then the conduits were implanted into rat sciatic nerve gap to evaluate their effect on promoting nerve regeneration. The results of diameter analysis indicated that the wall of hydrogel conduit was uniform. The tensile test of the conduit showed that the hydrogel conduit had suitable elastic properties and good mechanical properties. Further on, hematoxylin–eosin staining, masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry staining showed that the conduit could effectively promote the regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. Thus, the study demonstrates that the as prepared hydrogel conduits here are beneficial for promoting nerve repair and may have potential application value in nerve regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1273–1283, 2019.
Baghdadite nanoparticle‐coated poly l‐lactic acid (PLLA) ceramics scaffold improved osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Karimi Zohreh , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Khojasteh Arash , Kazemi Bahram , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira
Published: February 2019

Bone repair has been a new approach in regenerative medicine especially by application of stem cells. Discovering a suitable combination of scaffolds to stimulate osteogenesis is one of the major concerns in this issue. Porous polymeric scaffolds such as poly l‐lactic acid (PLLA) have been attracted a lot of attention because of their biodegradability. In the present study, we have been coated Baghdadite on the plasma‐treated surface of PLLA and evaluated osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) were cultured on PLLA and PLLA–Baghdadite scaffolds, and cell properties were characterized by MTT assay, scanning electron microscope, and FTIR analysis. Then, osteogenic differentiation potential of AD‐MSCs has been investigated, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition, and the expression of bone‐related genes (RUNX2, ALP, and OCN). The results have been indicated that calcium content and ALP activity of cells cultured on PLLA–Baghdadite nanofibers were higher than that of tissue culture polystyrenes (TCPs). Gene expression analysis showed that PLLA–Baghdadite had effectively induced osteogenesis‐related genes. Taken together, these results suggest that porous nanofiber scaffolds which coated with Baghdadite can enhance osteogenic differentiation of AD‐MSC, and PLLA–Baghdadite can be used as a new biodegradable scaffold for bone regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1284–1293, 2019.
Fabrication of carbonate apatite honeycomb and its tissue response
Authors: Ishikawa Kunio , Munar Melvin L. , Tsuru Kanji , Miyamoto Youji
Published: February 2019

Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) block can be used as a bone substitute because it can be remodeled to new natural bone in a manner conforming with the bone remodeling process. Among the many porous structures available, honeycomb (HC) structure is advantageous for rapid replacement of CO3Ap to bone. In this study, the feasibility to fabricate a CO3Ap HC was studied, along with its initial tissue response in rabbit femur bone defect. First, a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and a wax‐based binder was extruded from a HC mold. Then the fabricated HC was heated for binder removal and carbonation at 450°C in a mixed O2–CO2 atmosphere, forming a CaCO3 HC. When the CaCO3 HC was immersed in 1 mol/L Na3PO4 solution at 80°C for 7 days, its composition changed from CaCO3 to CO3Ap, maintaining the structure of the original CaCO3 HC. Compressive strengths of the CaCO3 and CO3Ap HCs were 65.2 ± 7.4 MPa and 88.7 ± 4.7 MPa, respectively. When the rabbit femur bone defect was reconstructed with the CO3Ap HC, new bone penetrated the CO3Ap HC completely. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone and osteocytes were also found in the newly formed bone, indicating ongoing bone remodeling. Furthermore, blood vessels were formed inside the pores of CO3Ap HC. Therefore, CO3Ap HC has good potential as an ideal bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1014–1020, 2019.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress impairs contractile function but paradoxically increases muscle mass via fibre branching
Authors: Ahn Bumsoo , Ranjit Rojina , Premkumar Pavithra , Pharaoh Gavin , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Matsuzaki Satoshi , Claflin Dennis R. , Riddle Kaitlyn , Judge Jennifer , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Satara Natarajan Kavithalakshmi , Barboza Erika , Wronowski Benjamin , Kinter Michael , Humphries Kenneth M. , Griffin Timothy M. , Freeman Willard M. , Richardson Arlan , Brooks Susan V. , Van Remmen Holly
Published: February 2019

Background

Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and muscle weakness occur in parallel in multiple pathological conditions. However, the causative role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and function and muscle weakness has not been directly investigated.

Methods

We generated mice lacking skeletal muscle‐specific manganese‐superoxide dismutase (mSod2KO) to increase mtROS using a cre‐Lox approach driven by human skeletal actin. We determined primary functional parameters of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration, ROS, and calcium retention capacity) using permeabilized muscle fibres and isolated muscle mitochondria. We assessed contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle using in situ and in vitro preparations and whole lumbrical muscles to elucidate the mechanisms of contractile dysfunction.

Results

The mSod2KO mice, contrary to our prediction, exhibit a 10–15% increase in muscle mass associated with an ~50% increase in central nuclei and ~35% increase in branched fibres (P < 0.05). Despite the increase in muscle mass of gastrocnemius and quadriceps, in situ sciatic nerve‐stimulated isometric maximum‐specific force (N/cm2), force per cross‐sectional area, is impaired by ~60% and associated with increased NMJ fragmentation and size by ~40% (P < 0.05). Intrinsic alterations of components of the contractile machinery show elevated markers of oxidative stress, for example, lipid peroxidation is increased by ~100%, oxidized glutathione is elevated by ~50%, and oxidative modifications of myofibrillar proteins are increased by ~30% (P < 0.05). We also find an approximate 20% decrease in the intracellular calcium transient that is associated with specific force deficit. Excess superoxide generation from the mitochondrial complexes causes a deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and reduced complex‐II‐mediated respiration and adenosine triphosphate generation rates leading to severe exercise intolerance (~10 min vs. ~2 h in wild type, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Increased skeletal muscle mtROS is sufficient to elicit NMJ disruption and contractile abnormalities, but not muscle atrophy, suggesting new roles for mitochondrial oxidative stress in maintenance of muscle mass through increased fibre branching.
Water and chloride permeability of cement‐based mortar with additions of dehydrated cacti
Authors: Torres‐Acosta Andrés A
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

This investigation presents experimental results concerning water and chloride permeability of cement‐based mortar specimens fabricated with botanical (green) dehydrated additions such as Nopal (Opuntia ficus‐indica) and Aloe vera. Mortar without such additions served as control. The natural dehydrated additions, Nopal or Aloe vera, were mixed with ordinary Portland cement and sand at different percentages of cement replacement (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, or 8% of the cement mass). To characterize water and chloride ion transport in such mortars, 5 × 5 × 10‐cm prisms were fabricated (three prisms per mixture).

RESULTS

The results showed improvements in both water absorption‐desorption (on average: 10% decrease in capillary absorption; 6% increase in water penetration resistance; 58% decrease in effective capillary porosity; and 2% decrease in capillary sorption) and chloride transport (14% decrease in surface chloride concentration, and 31% decrease in chloride concentration at 7 cm into the mortar) within the dehydrated Nopal replacement mixtures (≤2% of the cement mass). Aloe vera additions did not improve the corresponding parameters of water and chloride ion transport into the mortar.

CONCLUSIONS

Addition of dehydrated Nopal (≤2% of the cement mass) powder to cement‐based material (mortar) may increase its durability as most aspects of durability are related to the absorption of aggressive agents (water, chloride ions, etc.) into the material through its network of pores. Additions of dehydrated Aloe vera did not improve the protective performance of mortar against water and chloride ion transport and are, therefore, not suitable for increasing the durability of such cement‐based materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Randomization tests as alternative analysis methods for behavior‐analytic data
Authors: Craig Andrew R. , Fisher Wayne W.
Published: February 2019

Randomization statistics offer alternatives to many of the statistical methods commonly used in behavior analysis and the psychological sciences, more generally. These methods are more flexible than conventional parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques in that they make no assumptions about the underlying distribution of outcome variables, are relatively robust when applied to small‐n data sets, and are generally applicable to between‐groups, within‐subjects, mixed, and single‐case research designs. In the present article, we first will provide a historical overview of randomization methods. Next, we will discuss the properties of randomization statistics that may make them particularly well suited for analysis of behavior‐analytic data. We will introduce readers to the major assumptions that undergird randomization methods, as well as some practical and computational considerations for their application. Finally, we will demonstrate how randomization statistics may be calculated for mixed and single‐case research designs. Throughout, we will direct readers toward resources that they may find useful in developing randomization tests for their own data.
The WIG (weighted individual and group) shrinkage estimator
Authors: Riley Steven , McDowell J. J
Published: February 2019

Regularization, or shrinkage estimation, refers to a class of statistical methods that constrain the variability of parameter estimates when fitting models to data. These constraints move parameters toward a group mean or toward a fixed point (e.g., 0). Regularization has gained popularity across many fields for its ability to increase predictive power over classical techniques. However, articles published in JEAB and other behavioral journals have yet to adopt these methods. This paper reviews some common regularization schemes and speculates as to why articles published in JEAB do not use them. In response, we propose our own shrinkage estimator that avoids some of the possible objections associated with the reviewed regularization methods. Our estimator works by mixing weighted individual and group (WIG) data rather than by constraining parameters. We test this method on a problem of model selection. Specifically, we conduct a simulation study on the selection of matching‐law‐based punishment models, comparing WIG with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and find that, on average, WIG outperforms OLS in this context.
An Efficient One‐pot Three‐component Method for the Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐7‐aryl‐7H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐6,8‐dicarbonitriles
Authors: Kotthireddy Kavitha , Devulapally Srikrishna , Dubey Pramod Kumar , Pasula Aparna
Published: February 2019

A facile, convenient, and adequate method has been developed for the synthesis of novel 5‐amino‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐7‐aryl‐7H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐6,8‐dicarbonitriles (6) by employing 2‐(4‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)thiazol‐2‐yl)acetonitrile (3) as an important precursor. Initially, we have synthesized the target compounds in a stepwise manner and then approached a tandem method to examine the feasibility of one‐pot method. Subsequently, one‐pot three‐component protocol has been established for the synthesis of title compounds by the reaction of 3 with benzaldehyde and malononitrile in refluxing ethanol engender a new six‐membered thiazolo[3,2‐a] pyridine as a hybrid scaffold. Reaction conditions were optimized for this reaction and a broad substrate scope with various aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes make this protocol very practical, attractive, and worthy. Mechanistic aspects for the formation of these compounds were outlined comprehensively. Characterization of these newly synthesized compounds was achieved by means of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.
Supporting and Sustaining State‐initiated Women's Empowerment: Learning from a National Programme in India
Authors: Sarin Ankur , Chand Vijaya Sherry
Published: February 2019

State‐led women's empowerment initiatives are usually indifferent to the tensions between the processes of transformation they initiate at the grassroots and the intermediary support structures they create to sustain empowerment. Drawing on the experiences of Mahila Samakhya, a programme initiated by the Indian state in the late 1980s, we argue that the failure of the state to acknowledge the struggles of the intermediary layers to reconcile the social purpose of transformation with the economic logic underpinning organizational survival only leads to reinforcing a new form of ‘neo‐liberal compatible’ governance. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphocyte mechanotransduction: The regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics in signaling cascades and effector functions
Authors: Ben-Shmuel Aviad , Joseph Noah , Sabag Batel , Barda-Saad Mira
Published: February 2019

The process of mechanotransduction, that is, conversion of physical forces into biochemical signaling cascades, has attracted interest as a potential mechanism for regulating immune cell activation. The cytoskeleton serves a critical role in a variety of lymphocyte functions, from cellular activation, proliferation, adhesion, and migration, to creation of stable immune synapses, and execution of functions such as directed cytotoxicity. Though traditionally considered a scaffold that enables formation of signaling complexes that maintain stable immune synapses, the cytoskeleton was additionally shown to play a dynamic role in lymphocyte signaling cascades by sensing physical cues such as substrate rigidity, and transducing these mechanical features into chemical signals that ultimately influence lymphocyte effector functions. It is thus becoming clear that cytoskeletal dynamics are essential for the lymphocyte response, beyond the role of the cytoskeleton as a stationary framework. Here, we describe the transduction of extracellular forces to activate signaling pathways and effector functions mediated through the cytoskeleton in lymphocytes. We also highlight recent discoveries of cytoskeleton-mediated mechanotransduction on intracellular signaling pathways in NK cells.
Mechanical similarity across ontogeny of digging muscles in an Australian marsupial (Isoodon fusciventer)
Authors: Martin Meg L. , Warburton Natalie M. , Travouillon Kenny J. , Fleming Patricia A.
Published: February 2019

Many mammals dig, either during foraging to access subsurface food resources, or in creating burrows for shelter. Digging requires large forces produced by muscles and transmitted to the soil via the skeletal system; thus fossorial mammals tend to have characteristic modifications of the musculoskeletal system that reflect their digging ability. Bandicoots (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) scratch‐dig mainly to source food, searching for subterranean food items including invertebrates, seeds, and fungi. They have musculoskeletal features for digging, including shortened, robust forelimb bones, large muscles, and enlarged muscle attachment areas. Here, we compared changes in the ontogenetic development of muscles associated with digging in the Quenda (Isoodon fusciventer). We measured muscle mass (m
m), pennation angle, and fiber length (FL) to calculate physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA; a proxy of maximum isometric force) as well as estimate the maximum isometric force (Fmax) for 34 individuals ranging in body size from 124 to 2,390 g. Males grow larger than females in this bandicoot species, however, we found negligible sex differences in mass‐specific m
m, PCSA or FL for our sample. Majority of the forelimb muscles PCSA showed a positive allometric relationship with total body mass, while m
m and FL in the majority of forelimb muscles showed isometry. Mechanical similarity was tested, and two thirds of forelimb muscles maximum isometric forces (Fmax) scaled with isometry; therefore the forelimb is primarily mechanical similar throughout ontogeny. PCSA showed a significant difference between scaling slopes between main movers in the power stroke, and main movers of the recovery stroke of scratch‐digging. This suggests that some forelimb muscles grow with positive allometry, specially these associated with the power stroke of digging. Intraspecific variation in PCSA is rarely considered in the literature, and thus this is an important study quantifying changes in muscle architectural properties with growth in a mammalian model of scratch‐digging.
Leader–member exchange, organizational identification, and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of relative leader–member exchange
Authors: Zhao Hongdan , Liu Weiwei , Li Jie , Yu Xiaoyu
Published: February 2019

In this article, we sought to identify a new interpersonal antecedent of knowledge hiding, namely, leader–member exchange (LMX). Drawing on the group engagement model (an extension of social identity theory within the group/organization context), we built a theoretical model linking LMX and knowledge hiding. This model focuses on the mediating role of organizational identification and the moderating role of relative LMX in influencing the mediation. Using two time‐lagged studies (Study 1: n = 317; Study 2: n = 248) conducted in China, we examined our research model. Study 1 provided support for the proposed hypotheses for evasive hiding and playing dumb but not for rationalized hiding. Study 2 replicated and extended our findings. Results revealed that (a) LMX was negatively related to evasive hiding and playing dumb but not to rationalized hiding; (b) organizational identification mediated the influence of LMX on evasive hiding and playing dumb but not on rationalized hiding; and (c) relative LMX not only moderated the relationship between LMX and organizational identification but also reinforced the indirect effect of LMX on evasive hiding and playing dumb but not on rationalized hiding (via organizational identification). The implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.
Spatial and temporal patterns of drought in Oklahoma (1901–2014)
Authors: Tian Liyan , Quiring Steven M.
Published: February 2019

This study uses the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at a 6‐month timescale to document the spatial and temporal patterns of drought in Oklahoma from 1901 to 2014. A principal component analysis (PCA) with a VARIMAX rotation was used to divide Oklahoma into four spatially contiguous regions with similar drought patterns that are located in northwestern, northeastern, southwestern and southeastern regions of the state. Droughts tend to occur more frequently in northwestern Oklahoma, but all four regions show that droughts in Oklahoma have substantial variability at decadal timescales. A Mann–Kendall trend test demonstrates that there has been a statistically significant increase in the SPEI in Oklahoma since 1901. This indicates that conditions are generally getting wetter in Oklahoma. However, there is substantial variability in moisture conditions that is evident at shorter timescales. Prolonged periods of drier than normal conditions occurred in the 1910s, 1930s, 1950s, 1970s and 1980s, while conditions from the 1980s to the 2000s have been wetter than normal. Recently, the SPEI has decreased, which suggests that Oklahoma may be at the beginning of another dry cycle. In addition, while most droughts during the study period were caused by decreases in precipitation, recent droughts, such as the severe drought in 2011, were caused by both decreases in precipitation and increases in potential evapotranspiration. This may be indicative of future drought conditions in Oklahoma.
Large‐Scale Screening of Natural Products Transactivating Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α Identifies 9S‐Hydroxy‐10E,12Z,15Z‐Octadecatrienoic Acid and Cymarin as Potential Compounds Capable of Increasing Apolipoprotein A‐I Transcription in Human Liver Cells
Authors: van der Krieken Sophie E. , Popeijus Herman E. , Bendik Igor , Böhlendorf Bettina , Konings Maurice C. J. M. , Tayyeb Jehad , Mensink Ronald P. , Plat Jogchum
Published: February 2019

Increasing apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I), the predominant protein of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, has favorable effects on atherogenic risk factors. Here, we investigated the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) transactivating compounds on apoA‐I transcription in HepG2 cells. A transient PPARα agonist transactivation assay was used to screen 2500 natural compounds. To analyze the effects on apoA‐I transcription, human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL of the natural PPARα transactivators. ApoA‐I mRNA expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Extensive dose–response experiments were performed using compounds that increased apoA‐I transcription by minimally 20%. Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha (CPT1α) expression were used respectively to confirm Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibition or PPARα activation. Twenty‐eight natural compounds increased PPARα transactivation by at least twofold. Despite the increased CPT1α expression seen after the addition of most PPARα activating compounds, CPT1α expression and PPARα transactivation did not correlate. Addition of 0.05 μg/mL 9S‐hydroxy‐10E,12Z,15Z‐octadecatrienoic acid (9(S)‐HOTrE) increased apoA‐I mRNA expression by 35%, whereas 10–25 μg/mL of cymarin increased apoA‐I transcription by 37%. However, combining cymarin and 9(S)‐HOTrE did not result in a synergistic effect, in contrast this combination even decreased apoA‐I transcription. ApoA‐I transcription involves multiple regulatory players, and PPARα transactivation alone is not sufficient. A search for natural compounds resembling the molecular structure of 9(S)‐HOTrE or cymarin could aid to find additional components that increase apoA‐I transcription.
Effect of vacuum degree on adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of magnetron sputtered aluminum coating on NdFeB magnet
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Zheng Dajiang , Song Guang‐Ling , Han Lianheng , Fu Donghui
Published: February 2019

A pure aluminum (Al) coating was deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering onto sintered NdFeB magnet coupons and glass slides at different vacuum degrees. The effect of vacuum degree on adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the coating was investigated. The results showed that the adhesion strength between the Al coating and the substrate NdFeB magnet increased first and then decreased while the corrosion resistance of the Al coating increased with increasing vacuum degree. The Al coating formed at the low vacuum degree fractured within the coating when being peeled off because of a relatively high density of coating defects, while that formed at the high vacuum degree was mainly debonded along the coating/substrate interface. The decreased adhesion strength when the vacuum degree further increased could be attributed to excessive internal stress. The Al coating deposited at high vacuum degree was more corrosion resistant than that formed at low vacuum as the coating becomes less porous. Due to the presence of the micro defects, the corrosion behavior of the Al coating was accelerated on the substrate NdFeB magnet through the galvanic effect via these defects.
Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements
Authors: Gabelica Valérie , Shvartsburg Alexandre A. , Afonso Carlos , Barran Perdita , Benesch Justin L.P. , Bleiholder Christian , Bowers Michael T. , Bilbao Aivett , Bush Matthew F. , Campbell J. Larry , Campuzano Iain D.G. , Causon Tim , Clowers Brian H. , Creaser Colin S. , De Pauw Edwin , Far Johann , Fernandez‐Lima Francisco , Fjeldsted John C. , Giles Kevin , Groessl Michael , Hogan Christopher J. , Hann Stephan , Kim Hugh I. , Kurulugama Ruwan T. , May Jody C. , McLean John A. , Pagel Kevin , Richardson Keith , Ridgeway Mark E. , Rosu Frédéric , Sobott Frank , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Valentine Stephen J. , Wyttenbach Thomas
Published: February 2019

Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method‐dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fecundity Assessment of Stone Crabs in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Crowley Claire E. , Shea Colin P. , Gandy Ryan L. , Daly Kendra L.
Published: February 2019

Accurate estimates of reproductive potential are a key component of any stock assessment. Multiple factors influencing the variability in batch fecundity of stone crabs Menippe spp. across the Florida fishery were quantified with a negative binomial regression model. Stone crabs were collected bimonthly from Cedar Key, Tampa Bay, Pavilion Key, and Sawyer Key from April 2013 through April 2015 for fecundity analysis. Batch fecundity (number of eggs per clutch) was estimated by using dry weights. Modeling results revealed that fecundity was strongly and positively related to carapace width and highly variable among locations, months, and years. Batch fecundity was lowest in spring and winter and highest in July and August, which agreed with the general understanding of seasonal patterns in crustacean reproductive cycles. Additionally, batch fecundity was 39% lower for crabs with no claws, indicating that claw removal by the fishery negatively affects reproductive output. Comparisons of estimates from a 1993–1995 fecundity study in Tampa Bay indicated that there was little difference in stone crab fecundity between individuals collected in 1993 and those collected in 2013. But this observed temporal pattern represents observations from only a small portion of the fished population and so may not fully reflect the temporal changes in fecundity occurring throughout the fishery. The present study quantified the spatial and temporal factors influencing variability in stone crab fecundity throughout the fished population of Florida. We hypothesize that spatial differences in food quality, food quantity, and fishing effort may be important drivers of variability in stone crab fecundity. Given the intense harvest and variability in reproductive output, further work should be dedicated to identifying critical spawning and recruitment areas, as well as assessments of their connectivity.
Microvascular lining options for subtotal and total nasal reconstruction: A scoping review
Authors: Ramji Maleka , Kim Grace Y. , Pozdnyakov Alex , McRae Mark H.
Published: February 2019

Background

Restoration of nasal lining is essential in reconstruction of subtotal/total nasal defects. When local flaps are inadequate, a microvascular flap should be used. The purpose of this scoping review is to map the literature and identify the described flap options for subtotal/total nasal reconstruction. Further to that, we will summarize the stated advantages and disadvantages, evaluate functional and esthetic outcomes, and appraise the current body of literature.

Methods

An electronic literature search was completed. Studies required adult patients with subtotal/total nasal defects and lining reconstruction with microvascular free flap. Two independent reviewers completed screening and data extraction. Flap characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, functional and esthetic outcomes were reviewed. Two independent reviewers evaluated study quality.

Results

Of 305 initial articles, 22 studies were included (13 case reports, 9 case series) accounting for 65 flaps. Microvascular flaps varied by composition and anatomical location. For functional outcome, 13 studies used clinical exam by surgeon, 5 reported patient being satisfied, 3 studies used endoscopy, and 1 study used nasometry. Assessing esthetic outcome, 13 studies used clinical exam by surgeon, 5 studies reported patient being satisfied, 1 study used patient‐reported outcome measures, and 16 studies included photos. Study quality (modified CARE and PROCESS checklists) was deemed poor. Quality of available evidence was level IV.

Conclusions

Microvascular free flaps for nasal reconstruction, confer an overall satisfactory functional and esthetic outcome. All studies lack a systematic and comprehensive approach to assessing and reporting these outcomes. Future research should provide objective assessment and utilize patient reported outcome measures.
Blow‐up of solutions for a viscoelastic wave equation with variable exponents
Authors: Park Sun‐Hye , Kang Jum‐Ran
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we consider a viscoelastic wave equation with variable exponents:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5501:mma5501-math-0001
where the exponents of nonlinearity p(·) and m(·) are given functions and a,b > 0 are constants. For nonincreasing positive function g, we prove the blow‐up result for the solutions with positive initial energy as well as nonpositive initial energy. We extend the previous blow‐up results to a viscoelastic wave equation with variable exponents.
A compact size 2.9‐23.5 GHz microstrip patch antenna with WLAN band‐rejection
Authors: Hussain Niamat , Jeong Minjoo , Park Jiwoong , Rhee Seungyeop , Kim Panyoul , Kim Nam
Published: February 2019

This article presents the design and realization of a compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with on‐demand WLAN band‐rejection. The antenna consists of a simple truncated rectangular patch with a U‐slot and a partial ground plane, which are both patterned on Taconic TLY‐5 substrate (εr = 2.2). The lower corners of the patch are truncated with a semicircle to realize wideband characteristic, while the notch is obtained by etching a U‐slot on the radiating patch. The proposed antenna outperforms the existing UWB antennas owing to its compact size, radiation stability, and very wide impedance bandwidth. Simulated and measured results show that the novel antenna has a very wide operating bandwidth of 2.9‐23.5 GHz with a VSWR <2, and a notch band from 4.9 to 6.1 GHz to reject IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 frequency band. The antenna offers promising performances including moderate gain (Gmax = 6.1 dB), nearly omnidirectional stable radiation patterns, and a compact overall size of 13 × 22 × 0.8 mm3. Besides of the other advantages, this antenna design presents mechanical robustness, easy integration into circuit boards, and excellent low‐cost mass production suitability.
Antenna pattern analysis using S‐parameters for strongly coupled dipole arrays
Authors: Lee Kyoungmin M. , Kang Inwoong , Park Jaedon , Kim Moonil
Published: February 2019

An antenna pattern and efficiency estimation procedure for uniform linear dipole arrays with large mutual coupling is presented. The feed currents for each dipole elements are extracted from S‐parameters with antenna arrays being treated as N‐port circuit networks. The dipole current is assumed to maintain a sinusoidal distribution even in array environments. The estimated patterns for E‐plane and H‐plane linear array examples as well as a Yagi‐Uda sample confirm the validity of the proposed procedure.
Trendbericht Festkörperchemie
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Heine Johanna , Heymann Gunter , Mandel Karl‐Sebastian
Published: February 2019

Fein abgestimmte Elektrodenkomposite für Feststoffbatterien, Phosphidosilicate als Natriumionenleiter, Erbsenzählerei mit Nanopartikeln, hierarchische Kohlenstoffmaterialien aus metallorganischen Gerüststrukturen, phosphoreszierende Materialien und Neues aus der Hochdruckchemie.
Adsorbenzien: sammeln durch tauschen
Authors: Prelot Bénédicte , Hesemann Peter Hesemann
Published: February 2019

Ionosilicas sind Funktionsmaterialien für Adsorptionsanwendungen. Ihre Bandbreite zeigt sich vor allem beim Anionentausch für die Aufarbeitung von Industrieabwässern und kontaminierter Lösungen, wie sie beim Rückbau von Kernkraftwerken anfallen können.
Strukturen aufbrechen
Authors: Süssmuth Lisa
Published: February 2019

Für Gleichstellung in den Naturwissenschaften müssen sich die Rollenbilder ändern, sagt die Wiener Sozialwissenschaftlerin Marita Haas.
Generalversammlung 2018
Authors: Ebner Gabriela
Published: February 2019

Die Generalversammlung 2018 der Gesellschaft Österreichischer Chemiker fand am 8. November im Auer‐von‐Welsbach‐Hörsaal der Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 1, 1090 Wien statt.