bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trinity Review: Integrating Registered Reports with research ethics and funding reviews
Authors: Mori Yuki , Takashima Kaito , Ueda Kohei , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Yamada Yuki
Published: September 2021

One major source of high exhaustion for researchers is the redundant paperwork of three different documents (research papers, applications for ethics review, and applications for research grants) for the same research plan. These similar documents are submitted to three different organizations, each with its own format, and independently peer-reviewed three times. This is a wasteful and redundant process for researchers. Here, we propose a trinity review that integrates scientific, ethics, and research funding reviews. In our proposed trinity review system, scientific and ethics reviews are undertaken concurrently for a pre-experimental research protocol. When the protocol is accepted in principle through these review processes, a funding review will occur, and researchers will conduct their studies. After experiments or surveys, the scientific review will be conducted for a completed version of the paper including results and discussions (i.e., the full paper) again, and the full paper will be published after it has passed the second review. This paper provides a detailed explanation of the operation of the trinity review system and discusses the positive impacts and solutions to difficulties in its implementation.
There Is No Viable Path to Consensus Based on the Current Research Literature
Authors: Corker Katherine S.
Published: September 2021

This article is a comment on Leising et al., in press, Personality Science (https://psyarxiv.com/6btc3/). I argue that we cannot use meta-analysis, nor any other known procedure, to achieve consensus based on current psychology research practices.
Individual Differences in Memory and Attention Processes in Prospective Remembering
Authors: Ball Hunter , Wiemers Elizabeth A. , Brewer Gene
Published: September 2021

Successful prospective memory (PM) involves not only detecting that an environmental cue requires action (i.e., prospective component), but also retrieval of what is supposed to be done at the appropriate moment (i.e., retrospective component). The current study examined the role of attention and memory during PM tasks that placed distinct demands on detection and retrieval processes. Using a large-scale individual differences design, participants completed three PM tasks that placed high demands on detection (but low demands on retrieval) and three tasks that placed high demands on retrieval (but low demands on detection). Additionally, participants completed three attention control, retrospective memory, and working memory tasks. Latent variable structural equation modeling showed that the prospective and retrospective components of PM were jointly influenced by multiple cognitive abilities. Critically, attention and retrospective memory fully mediated the relation between working memory and prospective memory. Furthermore, only attention uniquely predicted PM detection, whereas only retrospective memory uniquely predicted PM retrieval. These findings highlight the value of independently assessing different PM components and suggest that both attention and memory abilities must be considered to fully understand the dynamic processes underlying prospective remembering.
Cyber Capacity Building in the Canadian Arctic and the North
Authors: Csenkey Kristen , Perron Bruno
Published: September 2021

The Canadian Arctic cyber domain is set to rapidly expand in the next decade with emerging security vulnerabilities that would benefit from a multi-stakeholder Arctic Cyber Security Ecosystem. Great power competition will affect the Arctic as the United States, Russia, and now China seek to influence the resource rich region. Cyber is not only a matter of defence, but it is interconnected with education and economic development. The threat of disinformation is an example of how new ways of warfare can impact Canada through the Arctic. Cyber capacity building (CCB) could include domestic cyber education, skills training, and investment in scientific and technical (S&T) and information technology (IT) infrastructure. A focus on CCB would need to foster growth of resources available to territorial governments and local communities, hardening the region’s cyberspace and support incident response to malicious cyber actor activity. Information technology security (ITSEC) resources need to be combined with community-based media literacy and critical thinking education programs to increase the region’s resilience to malign influence.
Legislative Capacity and Credit Risk
Authors: Fortunato David , Turner Ian R
Published: September 2021

Legislatures differ in their institutional capacity to draft and enact policy. While strong legislatures can increase the congruence of policy outcomes to the electorate's preferences, they can also inject uncertainty into markets with their ability to alter the political economic landscape. We argue that this uncertainty will manifest in a state's ability to borrow and hypothesize a negative relationship between legislative capacity and credit-worthiness. Using ratings of general obligation bonds issued by the American states over nearly two decades and data on the institutional capacity of state legislative assemblies, we find support for the claim that having a legislature that is better equipped to affect policy change increases credit risk evaluations. The results we present broaden our understanding of the importance of legislative institutions, the determinants of credit risk, and the economic implications of democratic responsiveness.
Duration of Intrastate Wars of Attrition: The Causal Impact of Military Build-Ups
Authors: Mehltretter Andreas , Thurner Paul
Published: September 2021

Scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of governmental military build-ups to terminate intrastate conflicts is sparse and inconclusive. Developing a war-of-attrition framework, we derive the impact of governments' armaments on the duration of these conflicts: military build-ups, as reflected in inflows of major conventional weapons, enable the government to inflict costs onto its adversaries, forcing them to withdraw earlier from the conflict. This type of weapons is required in particular to project military power over larger distances and to fight rebels in remote areas. Using SIPRI arms transfer data for the first time in a disaggregated dyadic design, covering 418 government-rebel group dyads in 134 conflicts, we empirically corroborate the formal model's predictions. As endogeneity issues might arise when governments procure arms in anticipation of a protracted conflict, we ensure causal identification with an instrumental variable survival approach based on the Aalen additive hazards model.
Feminist Identity and Sexual Behavior: The Intimate is Political
Authors: Fetner Tina
Published: September 2021

Feminism is understood to be not only about equality for women as a group, but also about personal choices in a gender-unequal world. In this paper, I examine whether feminist identity is associated with solo and partnered sexual behavior. Using an original, representative survey of adult Canadian women (N=1,126), I employ ordinal logistic and logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship between feminist identity and sexual behavior. I find that those who call themselves feminists report having more recently masturbated than non-feminist women. In addition, I find that in partnered sexual encounters, feminists are more likely to participate in anal play, as well as engage in more kissing, cuddling and massage than non-feminists. I also find that feminist women are more likely to receive oral sex than non-feminists. These findings contribute to our understanding of feminist identity as tied to women’s personal lives, extending this association to the realm of sexual activity. In this case, the political is not only personal, it is intimate as well. Claiming a feminist identity is aligned with an approach to sexuality that includes a wider array of intimate and sexual behaviors that center women’s sexual and emotional needs in partnered encounters.
Policy Durability, Agency Capacity, and Executive Unilateralism
Authors: Turner Ian R
Published: September 2021

In this essay I argue that the need to motivate bureaucrats to invest in high quality policy implementation alters the appeal of executive unilateralism. If executive orders are less durable than legislation, then the bureaucracy will have weaker incentives to invest in policymaking. This affects presidents’ willingness to compromise and work with Congress to pass legislation, rather than pursue unilateral action. Unilateralism becomes less attractive as bureaucratic capacity increases and as the relative durability of executive orders decreases. I formalize this logic in a simple formal model and discuss fruitful extensions for future work.
Re-validation and adaptation of the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale to measure the menstrual experiences of adult women working in Mukono District, Uganda
Authors: Hennegan Julie , Bukenya Justine N. , Kibira Simon P.S. , Nakamya Petranilla , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Exum Natalie , Schwab Kellogg J.
Published: September 2021

Objectives. The Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS) is a comprehensive measure of menstrual self-care experience including access to sufficient, comfortable absorbents, supportive spaces for managing menstruation and for disposal and laundering of used materials. It addresses a critical measurement gap to improve quantitative menstrual health research. The scale was validated in a population of adolescent schoolgirls. This study appraises its performance among adult women.Methods. Seven cognitive interviews provided insights into the interpretability and acceptability of scale items. A cross sectional survey of 525 working women who had menstruated in the past six months (including 435 working in markets, 45 in schools and 45 working in health care facilities) in Mukono District, Uganda was used to test the dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the measure. Results. The 36 scale items were well understood by the study population. Dimensionality was tested for the 28 items relevant to women disposing of menstrual materials and 32 items relevant to those washing and reusing materials. The original subscale structure fit with the data, however fell short of recommended thresholds for those disposing of materials (RMSEA=0.069; CFI=0.840; TLI=0.824). An alternative sub-scale structure was an acceptable fit for those disposing (RMSEA = 0.051; CFI=0.911; TLI=0.897) and reusing materials (RMSEA=0.053; CFI=0.915; TLI=0.904). MPNS total and sub-scale scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Higher scores reflected more positive menstrual experiences and were associated with greater wellbeing (total score r=0.24, p<0.001), not missing work due to the last menstrual period (total score OR=2.47 95%CI 1.42-4.30), and confidence to manage menstruation at home and work. Conclusions. The MPNS offers a valid and reliable way to assess menstrual health needs. The revised factor structure can be used for adult samples who work. Findings also highlight challenges in assessing the variety of experiences relevant to managing menstrual bleeding.
ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE SEARCH FOR AN OPTIMAL MODEL OF THE BALANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
Authors:   INION RAN, Aleshkova I.A.
Published: September 2021

The review summarizes scientific publications that reveal the nature and purpose of environmental taxes, measures of state regulation in the field of environmental protection and environmental taxation, and reveals the proposals of scientists aimed at forming a rational model for the use of natural resources and maintaining the balance of economic and environmental principles.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION AND ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCY OIL SPILLS
Authors: Ishutin A.V.
Published: September 2021

Oil production, being a key source of the budget of the Russian Federation, is associated with a serious negative impact on the environment. In particular, the storage and transportation of oil and petroleum products are often accompanied by spills, as a result of which harmful substances enter the soil, water and atmosphere. These incidents are man-made disasters, and their consequences affect not only the site of the spill, but also the neighboring territories. This article analyzes the state of the Russian regulatory framework for the prevention of accidental spills of oil and petroleum products and concludes that it is imperfect.
The Impact of Cell Phone Functions on the Intensity and Liking of Bike Exercise
Authors:   Department of Integrative Exercise Science, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA, Rebold Michael J. , Kobak Mallory S. ,   Department of Integrative Exercise Science, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA, Morse Kaitlyn ,   Department of Integrative Exercise Science, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA, Caldwell Lauren ,   Department of Integrative Exercise Science, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA
Published: September 2021

This study assessed the effect of cell phone use (e.g., texting, talking, and listening to music) during 30-minute bouts of bike exercise and its affects on intensity (e.g., heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion) and liking (e.g., enjoyment). Thirty college-age students participated in four, separate, 30-minute exercise conditions (texting, talking, music, and control) on a bike in a randomized order. Heart rate was significantly (t  4.54, p  0.004) higher when comparing the music (147.58  4.19 beatsmin-1 ) to the texting (117.79  3.42 beatsmin-1 ) and talking (122.89  3.89 beatsmin-1 ) conditions. Ratings of perceived exertion was significantly (t = 2.1, p = 0.05) higher when comparing the texting (11.4  0.45) to the control (10.06  0.52) condition. Liking was significantly (t = 3.85, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the talking (7.64  0.63) to the control (6.2  0.71) condition. Liking was also significantly (t = 3.09, p = 0.01) higher when comparing the music (8.27  0.38) to the control condition. In conclusion, using your cell phone for texting and talking instead of listening to music can interfere with bike exercise, resulting in reduced exercise intensity and enjoyment, and perceiving exercise to be more difficult than what it really is.
The Effectiveness of Remote Exercise Training to an Individual with Chronic Neck Pain: A Case Report
Authors:   PT, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey, Aslıyüce Abdurahim , Ülger , Özlem ,   PT, Prof., Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
Published: September 2021

Neck pain is a very common problem that creates a socio-economic burden. One of the most common causes of neck pain is disc herniation and often causes the pain to become chronic. Factors such as poor posture, long working hours, and psychological stress exacerbate the symptoms related to the cervical region. Surgical nurses are also at high risk for neck pain. Also, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many patients, especially healthcare professionals, cannot access physiotherapy and rehabilitation services both due to their busy work and to reduce the risk of contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of remote spinal stabilization exercises in a patient with chronic neck pain. Pain, disability, kinesophobia, grip strength, and quality of life of a 26-year-old female patient who was an operating room nurse were evaluated. Architectural features of the muscles were evaluated by ultrasonography. 3 days a week, 5 weeks of distance exercise training was given. As a result, it was observed that pain, kinesiophobia, and disability levels decreased, quality of life and grip strength increased in this case. M. Longus Colli thickness was found to be increased. Also, the patient stated that her symptoms were reduced and she was less tired at work. This study is the first to provide remote exercise training for a surgical nurse with chronic neck pain. It is thought that the results of this study will shed light on more comprehensive studies on surgical nurses.
Health-related physical fitness among adolescent schoolgirls in Madinah city, western Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Alahmad Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2021

In Saudi Arabia, health-related physical fitness components in girls have received far less attention than physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess health-related physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, muscle strength, and flexibility) among adolescent schoolgirls in Madinah city, western Saudi Arabia. Thirty-six female students (mean ± standard deviation, age, 17.4 ± 1.3 years; body mass, 51.6 ± 11.1 kg; height, 154.5 ± 6.9 cm) performed a Queen’s College Step Test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. Body fat percentage was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Hand grip strength was measured using a hand grip dynamometer, and flexibility was determined by using the sit and reach test. The mean (±standard deviation) of estimated maximal oxygen consumption was 39.5 ± 6.3 (ml.kg.min). The mean (±standard deviation) of Body fat percentage, right-hand grip strength, left-hand grip strength, and flexibility were 31.0 ±9.0 (%), 16.5±5.5 (kg), 17.1 ±4.9 (kg), and 10.6±4.8 (cm), respectively. We conclude that multiple health-related physical fitness components—with the exception of cardiorespiratory fitness—should be targeted, particularly body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility, to enhance health status among Saudi adolescent schoolgirls in Madinah. This may be accomplished by local schools, which should offer exercise programs to improve students’ physical fitness components.
Perceived stigma among caregivers of mentally ill patient: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Khanal Pratibha
Published: September 2021

Background: Stigmatising experience related to mental illness is not only confined to the patient but also experienced by their caregivers such as family members and friends. Caregivers feel down and helpless about their affiliation with stigma related to mental illness. Various research studies show that stigma related to mental illness have negative influence on caregivers which leads to concealing the status of mentally ill relatives.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of perceived stigma among the caregivers of mentally ill patients.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Psychiatric outpatient and inpatient department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu Medical College from 30th January to August 30th 2020. Two hundred and sixteen respondents were chosen conveniently. Face to face interview was conducted using standard tool ‘Devaluation Consumers Families Scale’ to assess the perceived stigma among caregivers of mentally ill patients.
Results: Perceived stigma among the caregivers of mentally ill patients was found to be medium (mean score 15.8±2.8). The caregivers perceived the community looking down on the families with mentally ill relatives (community rejection). The mean score was low (2.1±0.8) on “uncaring parents” which indicates that the respondents did not agree that parents of mentally ill patients were less responsible and caring than others.
Conclusion: Caregivers of mentally ill patient perceive stigma in various forms which affects the usages of health facilities, care and support towards mentally ill relatives.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of perceived stigma among the caregivers of mentally ill patients.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Psychiatric outpatient and inpatient department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu Medical College from 30th January to August 30th 2020. Two hundred and sixteen respondents were chosen conveniently. Face to face interview was conducted using standard tool ‘Devaluation Consumers Families Scale’ to assess the perceived stigma among caregivers of mentally ill patients. 
Results: Perceived stigma among the caregivers of mentally ill patients  was found to be medium (mean score 15.8±2.8). The caregivers perceived the community looking down on the families with mentally ill relatives (community rejection). The mean score was low (2.1±0.8) on “uncaring parents” which indicates that the respondents did not agree that parents of mentally ill patients were less responsible and caring than others. 
Conclusion: Caregivers of mentally ill patient perceive stigma in various forms which affects the usages of health facilities, care and support towards mentally ill relatives.
Magnetic resonance imaging in Kallmann syndrome: A case report
Authors: Poudel Shankar , Sangroula Upama , Rajak Ashik
Published: September 2021

Kallmann syndrome is a rare genetically inherited condition characterized by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. It is due to failure of migration of gonadotrophic releasing hormone neuron and olfactory neuron to hypothalamus. This case reports a 39-year-old Maldivian adult with clinical features of Kallmann syndrome and magnetic resonance imaging brain showing absence of olfactory sulcus and bulb.
Combatting corruption and collusion in public procurement: Lessons from Operation Car Wash
Authors: Jones Alison , Pereira Neto Caio Mário da Silva
Published: September 2021

This article examines the question of how a nation can combat corruption and collusion and prevent these practices from plaguing and undermining public procurement processes. This matter is especially important to Brazil where Operation Car Wash exposed widespread corruption and collusion affecting public procurement. Although focusing on Brazil, this article reflects on a broader academic and policy debate as to how a nation can escape from a ‘high-corruption’ equilibrium, especially one strengthened by its interaction with supplier collusion. In particular, whether endemic corruption can be combatted through an invigorated law enforcement push, combined with incremental reform, or whether some ‘big bang’ approach, with complete institutional overhaul, is required to establish a new equilibrium. The article notes that the Brazilian experience provides support for the hypothesis that, where corruption is endemic, better laws and law enforcement may be insufficient on their own to break a cycle and to remove the incentives and opportunities for corruption and collusion that exist. However, it also recognizes that, for many jurisdictions, wholesale big bang reform is unlikely to be feasible. It thus proposes a multi-pronged, and self-reinforcing, set of reforms to trigger change, concentrated on weaknesses diagnosed in the system. In particular, it suggests that where corruption affects public procurement, beyond specific adjustments to procurement, competition and anti-corruption laws, procurers, anti-corruption and competition enforcement agencies need to work closely together to coordinate policies, achieve synergies and to combat incentives and opportunities for corruption and collusion within procurement processes. Such reforms must be combined with measures to tackle broader factors contributing to systemic corruption. Although inspired by the Brazilian case study, the diagnosis and proposed reform strategy provides a workable model for use in other jurisdictions.
Análisis del concepto de participación en estudiantes de secundarias públicas
Authors: Ochoa Cervantes Azucena de la Concepción , Diez-Martínez Day Evelyn , Garbus Pamela
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el contenido de la producción gráfica (dibujos) y escrita acerca de la participación de estudiantes de escuelas secundarias públicas. La técnica del dibujo y producciones escritas se utilizó para conocer la conceptualización que tienen de ella. La población fue de 204 estudiantes de cinco secundarias públicas del estado de Querétaro. Los resultados muestran que, en las producciones gráficas, la participación se circunscribe al salón de clases y es exclusivamente oral, lo que fue confirmado en las producciones escritas. En los diversos ámbitos donde se desarrollan las niñas y los niños es necesario que se les proporcionen experiencias genuinas de participación que les permitan no solo ampliar su conceptualización sobre esta, sino sus posibilidades de acción.
Educación inclusiva en el nivel medio-superior: análisis desde la perspectiva de directores
Authors: De la Cruz Orozco Ivania
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se analizan las estrategias que diseñan e implementan directores de bachilleratos públicos en México para promover servicios educativos inclusivos a jóvenes con alguna discapacidad. Utilizando como marco analítico la Guía para asegurar la inclusión y la equidad en la educación, elaborada por la Unesco y adoptada por las autoridades educativas mexicanas para el periodo 2012-2018, se examinan 76 testimonios de directores recabados a través de una encuesta en línea. Los hallazgos muestran que estos recurren a una gama diversa de estrategias para fomentar una educación inclusiva; sin embargo, también es evidente que no disponen de los recursos necesarios para hacerlo cabalmente, pues las dependencias públicas a cargo de la política educativa no han transitado del reconocimiento del derecho a una educación inclusiva a la puesta en marcha de sistemas de financiamiento y acompañamiento que garanticen ese derecho en la práctica.
Dilemas éticos expresados por académicos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Hirsch Adler Ana
Published: September 2021

Como parte del “Estudio sobre la excelencia del profesorado del posgrado de la UNAM”, se aplicó una guía de entrevista a 21 académicos de posgrado en 2018. En este artículo se presentan las respuestas a la pregunta abierta: “A lo largo de sus proyectos de investigación, ¿ha enfrentado alguna situación dilemática?”. En la primera parte se incluyen aspectos teóricos sobre los dilemas morales. Los dilemas provienen del enfrentamiento entre concepciones éticas diferentes, procedimientos de especificación y balance, justificación moral, problemas de contenido moral, diversos modelos de actuación, actitudes que se pueden evitar, dilemas de las profesiones y emociones en el desarrollo del juicio moral. En la segunda parte se da cuenta de las doce categorías construidas con base en las respuestas a la pregunta abierta.
The Effect of Water Absorption in Ceramic Coatings on High Frequency ac Resistance
Authors: Bobzin K. , Wietheger W. , Burbaum E.
Published: September 2021

Thermally sprayed ceramic coatings can be used for wear protection as well as thermal and electrical insulation. When exposed to environments with high humidity, the water absorption of the ceramic coating has a tremendous impact on the electrical insulation. In thermally sprayed ceramic coatings, water can easily be absorbed by the porous microstructure of the coating. A general result of the water absorption is the reduction of the dc resistivity. However, in the high frequency regime of ac loads, contrary results were observed for sealed Al2O3 coatings on steel substrates. Specimens exposed to high air humidity have shown an increased ac resistance compared to dry specimens if frequencies above 1 MHz are considered. To analyse this phenomenon, a novel measurement technique was developed to investigate the influence of the water absorption of detached ceramic coatings on the ac resistivity at high frequencies. Moreover, the water absorption of the ceramic is measured gravimetrically. To ensure the results are also applicable to ceramic coatings on substrates, the morphology of the coating was analysed using electron microscopy and compared to reference specimens deposited on steel substrates from [1].
Thermal Spraying of FeMnCrSi Alloys: An Overview
Authors: Vaz Rodolpho F. , Pukasiewicz Anderson G.M. , Siqueira Irene B.A.F. , Sucharski Gustavo B. , Chicoski André , Tristante Romildo
Published: September 2021

FeMnCrSi alloys have been developed and studied over the past several years with an emphasis on their use as coatings on CA6NM stainless steel hydroturbine components. Much of the work conducted has focused on the optimization of cavitation resistance through chemical composition changes, the use of different thermal spraying (ASP, HVOF, HVAF) and welding (PTA) processes, and post-treatments such as shot-peening, cold working, and PTA remelting. The aim of this current work is to present a compilation of published articles that report on the research that has been done. Among the trends observed is that coating density and cavitation resistance improve with increasing particle velocity, particularly for HVOF-kerosene spraying. In regard to post-treatments, cold working was found to most effective, reducing cavitation mass loss (in PTA FeMnCrSi coatings) by a factor of nearly two.
Fabrication of Porous Aluminum Coating by Cored Wire Arc Spray for Anchoring Antifouling Hydrogel Layer
Authors: Wen Jianxin , Song Ziheng , Chen Xiuyong , Li Hua
Published: September 2021

Biofouling has been persisting as a worldwide problem due to the difficulties in finding efficient environment-friendly antifouling coatings for long-term applications. Developing novel coatings with desired antifouling properties has been one of the research goals for surface coating community. Recently hydrogel coating was proposed to serve as antifouling layer, for it offers the advantages of the ease of incorporating green biocides, and resisting attachment of microorganisms by its soft surface. Yet poor adhesion of the hydrogel on steel surfaces is a big concern. In this study, porous matrix aluminum coatings were fabricated by cored wire arc spray, and the sizes of the pores in the aluminum (Al) coatings were controlled by altering the size of the cored powder of sodium chloride. Silicone hydrogel was further deposited on the porous coating. The hydrogel penetrated into the open pores of the porous Al coatings, and the porous Al structure significantly enhanced the adhesion of the hydrogel. In addition, hydrogel coating exhibited very encouraging antifouling properties.
Development of Suspension-Based Plasma and HVOF Spray TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Mittal Garima , Sabard Alexandre , Fanicchia Francesco , Bhamji Imran , Paul Shiladitya
Published: September 2021

Thermal spray is a versatile process that produces high-quality coatings possessing diverse properties such as superhydrophobicity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, dielectric properties etc. Conventionally, powder feedstock is used in thermal spray, and this process is commercialised in numerous industrial processes. However, liquid feedstock based thermal spray is still in its development phases, due to limited information available on process parameters. Various parameters such as plasma/fuel gas, plasma current, feedrate, feeding angle, type of feedstock (suspension or solution precursor), feedstock concentration, feedstock viscosity, solvent, etc. significantly influence the thermal and kinetic energy exchange between plasma/flame and feedstock material. Suspension plasma spray (SPS) and suspension high velocity oxy-fuel spray (SHVOF), once optimised, can give rise to coatings with multiscale features. An in-depth understanding of the complex interaction between feedstock solution/suspension chemical-physical properties and plasma/flame jet characteristics is essential to understand its specific impact on coating properties and their application. This paper presents comparisons between two different TiO2 coatings, deposited by SPS and S-HVOF, and obtained by varying some of the fundamental spray deposition parameters. The surface morphology and cross-sections of the as-deposited coatings were compared through SEM/EDX. Further, surface wetting properties were analysed through measuring the static and dynamic contact angles.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Twin Wire Arc Repair of Cast Iron Components
Authors: DePalma K. , Walluk M. , Martin L.P. , Sisak K.
Published: September 2021

Twin wire arc is a commonly used thermal spray technology for application of steel coatings to cast iron components. Hardness and adhesion strength are critical properties of such coatings, and significant research is available reporting these properties. However, residual stresses and the anisotropic structure of the coatings leads to significantly different behavior in bending applications than in the purely tensile loading of the standard adhesion test. In addition, microstructural features that are controlled by certain process parameters during deposition of the coating can have a significant effect on these properties. This work seeks to relate the hardness and pull-off adhesion strength to the coating microstructure, and to assess the related bending strength and failure mode. Comparisons between bend tests and pull-off adhesion tests show significant differences to consider when evaluating twin wire arc coatings.
The Influence of the Substrate Topography on the Plasma Jet Flow and Particle Deposition as a Determining Factor of Thermal Barrier Coatings Build-Up Mechanisms in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Kiełczawa Tomasz , Sokołowski Paweł , Małachowska Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is to better understand the build-up of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) on microtextured substrates, particularly the influence of geometry on the behavior of plasma jets in substrate boundary layers. Coatings produced by suspension plasma spraying served as an experimental reference for numerical analysis, which involved advanced turbulent flow and volumetric heat source modeling along with the use of commercial fluid flow software. Geometric and numerical models were used to simulate the generation of plasma inside the torch and the resulting plasma flow with its highly nonlinear thermophysical characteristics. This work opens the possibility of predicting feedstock particle movement and deposition, which is essential in understanding coating build-up mechanisms in general and the flow of fine particles on substrate surfaces in particular.
The Cavitation Resistance of WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni HVAF Coatings
Authors: Korobov S. , Lezhnin N.V. , Makarov A.V. , Alwan H.L. , Shumyakov V.I. , Soboleva N.N. , Antonov M. , Deviatiarov M.S.
Published: September 2021

Two kinds of cermet powders, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni, were deposited on 1040 steel via high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to evaluate resistance in cavitation erosion conditions with additional electrochemical effects. Coating microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness were examined along with the topography of eroded surface layers. The cavitation resistance of the WC-20CrC-7Ni coating was found to be approximately 1.3 times greater than that of the other coating, which can be attributed to its finer grain structure, lower pore density, and the presence of high Cr and Ni content in the feedstock powder which serves to strengthen the matrix.
Microstructure and Ablation Behavior of Very Low-Pressure Plasma Sprayed ZrB2-Based Coatings
Authors: Wang Di , Luo Xiao-Tao , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: September 2021

The effect of deposition pressure on the microstructure and ablation behavior of ZrB2 coatings deposited by very low pressure plasma spraying is investigated. The results show that under a chamber pressure less than 50 kPa, as the spray chamber pressure decreases, the porosity of the coating deposited at the same distance decreases, and the coating prepared under 100 Pa presents the lowest porosity of 1.79 %. Furthermore, among the ZrB2 coatings deposited at 100 Pa, 5 kPa, 10 kPa and 50 kPa, the dense coating deposited at 100 Pa showed the lowest ablation rate of 0.33 μm/s, 0.75±0.08 mg/s.
Thermally Sprayed Coating-Based Heating Systems for Boundary Layer Transition Detection — An Experimental Approach
Authors: Machulla M. , Dehaghani S. Taghian , Claußnitzer P. , Scheitz S. , McDonald A. , Leyens C.
Published: September 2021

Boundary layers on surfaces will change from laminar to turbulent flow after a critical length. Due to the differing heat transfer coefficients of laminar and turbulent flow, the point of transition can be detected by heating the surface and measuring surface temperature by thermographic imaging. Locating the transition point is crucial for the aerodynamic optimization of components. In this study, fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) were chosen as the test substrate. Experiments were conducted using the flame spray process and NiCrAlY coatings. Multilayered coatings consisting of an aluminum bond coat, a layer of alumina as electrical insulation, and a heating layer of titania were fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying. Free-flight tests were conducted with a functionalized winglet in order to assess the ability of thermally-sprayed heating elements to detect the location of transition of the flow regime. The results showed that the thermally-sprayed elements heat surfaces uniformly, with sufficient radiation losses for thermographic imaging. It was also shown that the change in temperature at the point of transition was readily observable using thermography.
Pericardial calcification with plain radiographic features of tuberculosis in a child: incidental finding and a case report
Authors: M.B. Sule
Published: September 2021

Tuberculous pericarditis is frequently reported as the primary cause of pericardial calcification and occurs in about 1-2% of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, this however is a rare finding in the Western world. This is a 12-year-old male child that was referred from a peripheral health care center for plain radiograph of the chest on account of cough, easy fatiguability, night sweats, loss of weight, loss of appetite and dyspnea most times on excersion for more than a month duration. The plain chest radiograph demonstrated normal cardiac size with a cardiothoracic ratio of about 55/120, there is circumferential radio-opacity of calcic density around the peripheral walls of the heart; the pericardial calcification. The vascular pedicle appears slightly widened. The lung fields show extensive streaky opacities with cystic lung changes bilaterally more marked on the left lung field where consolidation, loss of lung volume and pleural effusion are also demonstrated. A two-dimensional echocardiography showed mild-moderate pericardial effusion, thickening of both visceral and parietal pericardium, and echogenic fond-like structures protruding in to the pericardial cavity. A diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with features of tuberculous pericarditis in a 12-year-old male child was established. The patient has been placed on anti-tuberculous drugs, hematinic, and parents advised on good and adequate diet with adequate rehydration and strict drug compliance. Screening of the siblings and members of the family with close contact have also been emphasized. We report the radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis and pericardial calcification in a 12-year-old male child due to its peculiar presentation.
Is it possible to eliminate the number of inappropriate thyroid surgeries combining scintigraphy and cytology?
Authors: Divani Smaroula
Published: September 2021

Objective: Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most reliable, safe and accurate method for the clinical management of abnormal thyroid nodules, 5%-15% of cases lead to indeterminate diagnoses and surgery is the recommended practice for them as they may be malignant. Nevertheless, the majority of cases with indeterminate cytology are benign, so the risk of unnecessary surgery is significant. In our study we combined FNAC and scintigraphy in order to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries. Subjects and Methods: From 219 patients with thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology 33(9 males and 24 females) aged 18-73 years, had indeterminate FNAC diagnoses and were referred for scintigraphy. Surgery was performed in all cases. The results of FNAC, scintigraphy and histology were collected and compared. Results: From 33 cases with indeterminate cytology 32 had a benign histological diagnosis and only one was malignant (follicular Ca). That case had a positive scan. All cases with negative thyroid scans (29/33) were benign. False positive scans were 3, whereas one scan was true positive with final diagnosis follicular carcinoma. Conclusion: This study showed that combining the FNAC with the thyroid scintigraphy in cases of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology it is possible to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries from 32 to 3.
Management of Early Loss of first Permanent Molar in Adolescent
Authors: Kouchaji Chaza
Published: September 2021

The first molar is the largest tooth in the oral cavity and bears the maximum occlusal load, and they influence the vertical distance of the maxilla and mandible, the occlusal height, and aesthetic proportions. Since they have the maximum root surface area, they are also considered the best source of anchorage for moving the teeth (Mostafa Rezaie el al 2018). The timing of first molar eruption makes these teeth vulnerable to dental caries. The loss of a permanent first molar in adolescent patient creates a need for early space maintenance and restorative of function. This paper describes a conservative, functional and cost-effective bridge as an interim restoration after the loss of permanent first molar in an early adolescent dentition (Rajashekhara el al 2012).
The effect of deactivated phospholipids on joints lubrication: Osteoarthritis and lubricating properties
Authors: Pawlak Z.
Published: September 2021

PLs bilayers coating the major synovial joints such as knees and hips as the lubricant are responsible for the lubrication of articular cartilage. Lamellar-repulsive effect has been considered as a lubrication mechanism but it is likely that lubricin and hyaluronan with PLs participate in the lubrication process. The molecules of lubricin and hyaluronan adsorbed by PLs have a supportive role and provide the efficient lubrication of synovial joints via the hydration mechanism (~ 80% water content). Lipid profiles of injured and healthy knees’ synovial fluids show significant differences. The phospholipid content in synovial fluid (SF) during joint inflammation, osteoarthritis is significantly higher (2 to 3 times) above the normal concentration of PL, and has a poor boundary-lubricating ability because of deactivated PL molecules. Deactivated PL molecule has no ability to form bilayers, lamellar phases, and liposomes.
Clinical pharmacology of teicoplanin in infants and children
Authors: Pacific Gian
Published: September 2021

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide and is a mixture of related glycopeptides. Teicoplanin inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall in sensitive bacteria by binding with high affinity to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units. Because of its large molecular size, teicoplanin is unable to penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. The intravenous dosage of teicoplanin consists in a loading dose of 16 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 8 mg/kg once-daily to infants aged < one month and in older infants the dosage of teicoplanin consists in a loading dose of 12 mg/kg twice-daily followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg once daily. In children, the oral dose is 100 to 200 mg twice-daily and the intravenous dosage consists in 12 mg/kg twice-daily followed by 12 mg/kg once-daily. Teicoplanin has been found efficacy and safe in infants and children. The elimination half-life of teicoplanin is 73.9 hours in infants and children and teicoplanin is cleared from the body by renal and extra-renal routes. The total body clearance of teicoplanin is 0.09 L/h in children aged < 12 months and 0.29 L/h in older children. The treatment and the prophylaxis with teicoplanin have been described in infants and children. Teicoplanin administered intravenously and/or intraventricularly treats the cerebral infections caused by staphylococci and enterococci. The aim of this study is to review the published data on teicoplanin dosing, efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetics, drug-interactions, treatment, prophylaxis, and penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid in infants and children.
A new genus and tribe of Strongylodematinae (Homoptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Emeljanov A.F.
Published: September 2021

Capocleini trib. n. with Capocles gen. n. is described for Capenopsis socrates Fennah, 1967.
Review of North American species of the genus Lymeon Foerster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptini)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R. , Ruíz-Cancino E.
Published: September 2021

A key to 33 North American species of Lymeon is given. Twenty eight species are recorded for Mexico; new data on their distribution are given. Nine new species from Mexico are described. New synonymies are established: Lymeon imbecillis (Cresson, 1868), ♂ = L. leucosoma (Cameron, 1886), ♀, syn. n.; L. patruelis (Cresson, 1873), ♀ = L. rarus Cresson, 1873, ♂, syn. n. Two species are transferred from Lymeon: Rhinium absolutum (Cresson, 1873), comb. n. and Acerastes accolens (Cresson, 1873), comb. n.
First reliable records of Cryptodendrum adhaesivum (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Thalassianthidae) for the coastal waters of Vietnam and the Spratly Islands
Authors: Grebelnyi S.D. , Van Dat Tran
Published: September 2021

The tropical sea anemone Cryptodendrum adhaesivum Klunzinger, 1877 is reliably recorded from the coastal waters of Vietnam and the Spratly Islands for the first time. Its presence there is docu­mented by collected specimens, in situ observations during scuba diving, as well as numerous photographs taken during the expeditions of the Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological ­Centre, carried out from 2007 to 2021. The main morphological characters for the identification of the species are given and illustrated.