bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silveira Eliane Garcia da , Prato Laura Schaurich , Pilati Sarah Freygang Mendes , Arthur Rodrigo Alex
Published: September 2023

Objective

Some salivary proteins seem to be differently abundant among caries-free (CF) and caries-affected (CA) individuals, but previous results are contradictory precluding that definitive conclusion be drawn. A pooled analysis of the available evidence may provide more robust data on identifying oral cavity protein patterns among CF and CA individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42021269079) aimed to compare the oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals.

Methods

This study was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically assessed (up to February 2023) to retrieve clinical studies written in English, German, or in Latin-based languages that compared the oral cavity protein abundance among CF and CA individuals. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment (NIH guidelines) were independently performed by two investigators. Qualitative synthesis was performed from all included studies and meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with inverse variance for studies that reported the concentration of proteins or enzymatic activity. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome.

Results

A total of 90 studies (two cohort and 88 cross-sectional designs) of more than 6,000 participants were selected for data extraction, being the quality of evidence graded as “fair” for most of them. The oral cavity of CF individuals presented lower total protein concentration [SMD = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.07–0.68; 18 studies)], lower total antioxidant capacity [SMD = 1.29 (95% CI: 0.74–1.85); 17 studies], and lower carbonic anhydrase activity [SMD = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.58–1.09); three studies], whereas CA individuals presented lower carbonic anhydrase concentration [SMD = −0.66 (95% CI: −1.00 to −0.32); three studies], urease [SMD = −0.95 (IC 95%: −1.72 to −0.17); four studies], and arginine deiminase system [SMD = −2.07 (95% CI: −3.53 to −0.62); three studies] activities. Antimicrobial peptides, secretory immunoglobulin-A concentrations and alpha-amylase activity were similar among individuals.

Conclusion

Differences on oral cavity protein abundance were observed among CF and CA individuals. These data indicate some protein patterns for the oral health and dental caries conditions. Even when statistically significant, some of the results were not very consistent. Cohort studies need to be conducted to validate these results.
I sense that there is someone else: an exploratory study on the influence of the media richness of Augmented Reality-based assistance systems on team experience and performance
Authors: Thomaschewski Lisa , Feld Nico , Weyers Benjamin , Kluge Annette
Published: September 2023

Based on the results of two laboratory studies, we show how the implementation of minimalistic social and task-relevant cues in Augmented Reality-based assistance systems for spatially dispersed teams impact team experience while not affecting team performance. In study 1 (N = 224) we investigated the Ambient Awareness Tool, which supports spatially dispersed teams in their temporal coordination when multiple team tasks or team and individual tasks must be executed in parallel. We found that adding a progress bar to the interface led to a significant increase in the perception of work group cohesiveness (diff = 0.34, p = .03, CI: [−0.65; −0.03], d = 0.39), but did not affect team performance (p = .92, η2 = 0.03). In study 2 (N = 23) we piloted an AR-based avatar representation of a spatially dispersed team member and evaluated whether the interactivity of the avatar impacts the perception of co- and social presence as well as team performance. An interactive avatar increased the perception of co- and social presence (co-presence: diff = 2.7, p < .001, η2 = 0.20; social presence: diff = 1.2, p = .001, η2 = 0.06). Team performance did not differ significantly (p = .177, η2 = 0.01). These results indicate that even minor social and task-relevant cues in the interface can significantly impact team experience and provide valuable insights for designing human-centered health-promoting AR-based assistance systems for spatially dispersed teams in the vocational context with minimal means.
Clinical Translation of Bio-Artificial Pancreas Therapies: Ethical, Legal and Psychosocial Interdisciplinary Considerations and Key Recommendations
Authors: de Jongh Dide , Thom Rebecca L. , Cronin Antonia J. , Bunnik Eline M. , Massey Emma K.
Published: September 2023

The field of regenerative medicine offers potential therapies for Type 1 Diabetes, whereby metabolically active cellular components are combined with synthetic medical devices. These therapies are sometimes referred to as “bioartificial pancreases.” For these emerging and rapidly developing therapies to be clinically translated to patients, researchers must overcome not just scientific hurdles, but also navigate complex legal, ethical and psychosocial issues. In this article, we first provide an introductory overview of the key legal, ethical and psychosocial considerations identified in the existing literature and identify areas where research is currently lacking. We then highlight two principal areas of concern in which these discrete disciplines significantly overlap: 1) individual autonomy and 2) access and equality. Using the example of beta-cell provenance, we demonstrate how, by harnessing an interdisciplinary approach we can address these key areas of concern. Moreover, we provide practical recommendations to researchers, clinicians, and policymakers which will help to facilitate the clinical translation of this cutting-edge technology for Type 1 Diabetes patients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of exploring patient perspectives to ensure their responsible and acceptable translation from bench to body.
Automated Segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Human Tympanic Membrane Using Deep Learning
Authors: Oghalai Thomas P. , Long Ryan , Kim Wihan , Applegate Brian E. , Oghalai John S.
Published: September 2023

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a light-based imaging modality that is used widely in the diagnosis and management of eye disease, and it is starting to become used to evaluate for ear disease. However, manual image analysis to interpret the anatomical and pathological findings in the images it provides is complicated and time-consuming. To streamline data analysis and image processing, we applied a machine learning algorithm to identify and segment the key anatomical structure of interest for medical diagnostics, the tympanic membrane. Using 3D volumes of the human tympanic membrane, we used thresholding and contour finding to locate a series of objects. We then applied TensorFlow deep learning algorithms to identify the tympanic membrane within the objects using a convolutional neural network. Finally, we reconstructed the 3D volume to selectively display the tympanic membrane. The algorithm was able to correctly identify the tympanic membrane properly with an accuracy of ~98% while removing most of the artifacts within the images, caused by reflections and signal saturations. Thus, the algorithm significantly improved visualization of the tympanic membrane, which was our primary objective. Machine learning approaches, such as this one, will be critical to allowing OCT medical imaging to become a convenient and viable diagnostic tool within the field of otolaryngology.
Computer-Aided Choosing of an Optimal Structural Variant of a Robot for Extracting Castings from Die Casting Machines
Authors: Malakov Ivo , Zaharinov Velizar , Nikolov Stiliyan , Dimitrova Reneta
Published: September 2023

In the present article, the solution for choosing the optimal structural variant of an industrial robot for extracting castings from die casting machines is considered. For this purpose, the process of extracting the castings from the mold is analyzed. On this basis, functions are defined, and a functional structure of the robot is built. Alternative variants of devices for each function are developed. The set of possible structural variants are constructed, considering the compatibility between devices and the possibility of performing more than one function with one device. The problem of choosing an optimal structural variant is formulated, and its characteristic features are determined. The main stages of a methodology and application software for the problem’s solution are presented. After an analysis of requirements for the extractor, the set of criteria for evaluating the structural variants are determined. The set includes criteria that minimize the production costs, production floor space, as well as the energy costs in the operation process, which is of particular importance in the conditions of global energy crisis. A mathematical model of the problem is built. The formulated multi-criteria optimization problem is solved, both with equal objective functions and with different priority.
Numerical Investigation of Stall Characteristics of Common Research Model Configuration Based on Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation Method
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Heng , Li Jie
Published: September 2023

A zonal detached eddy simulation (ZDES) method, based on the two-equation k-ω SST turbulence model, was employed to predict stall characteristics and capture small-scale vortex structures in the wake region of the main wing under the post-stall condition of the Common Research Model (CRM) configuration. Additionally, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) method was utilized for performance comparison in resolving small-scale vortices with ZDES. The results revealed a pronounced lateral flow on the wing, induced by the low-pressure region of the inner wing at post-stall angles of attack. Due to the downwash effect, the horizontal tail was influenced by the vortices in the wake region of the main wing, which the URANS method did not capture adequately. As the angle of attack increased, the separation area on the main wing expanded from the middle of the wing towards the inner wing. Consequently, the vortex structures in the wake region of the main wing became more intricate, and the primary peak of the lift coefficient spectrum shifted to the low-frequency region.
Designing, Optimizing, and Validating a Low-Cost, Multi-Purpose, Automatic System-Based RGB Color Sensor for Sorting Fruits
Authors: Elwakeel Abdallah E. , Mazrou Yasser S. A. , Tantawy Aml A. , Okasha Abdelaziz M. , Elmetwalli Adel H. , Elsayed Salah , Makhlouf Abeer H.
Published: September 2023

The use of automatic systems in the agriculture sector enhances product quality and the country’s economy. The method used to sort fruits and vegetables has a remarkable impact on the export market and quality assessment. Although manual sorting and grading can be performed easily, it is inconsistent, time-consuming, expensive, and highly influenced by the surrounding environment. In this regard, this study aimed to design and optimize the performance of a low-cost, multi-purpose, automatic RGB color-based sensor for sorting fruits. The proposed automatic color sorting system consists of hardware components including a machine frame, belt and pulleys, conveyor belt, scanning zone, plastic boxes, electric components (stepper motors, RGB color sensors, Arduino Mega, motor drivers), and software components (Arduino IDE version 2.2.1 and C++). Calibration was performed for the light intensity sensor to measure the light intensity inside the scanning zone, the conveyor speed sensor, and the RGB color sensors by testing the RGB color channels. The sensor, the height, conveyor belt color, and light intensity should be carefully adjusted to ensure a high performance of the color-based sorting system. The results showed that the appropriate sensor height ranged from 15 to 30 mm, the optimum color of the conveyor belt was black, and scanning the objects at a light intensity of 25 lux achieved the best output signals. The RGB color sensors achieved an analytical performance similar to that obtained with manual sorting without requiring the use of computers for image processing like other automatic sorting systems do in order to gather RGB data.
Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Lambs with Endoparasites and In Vitro Effect of Medicinal Plants
Authors: Mikulová Klára , Petrič Daniel , Komáromyová Michaela , Batťányi Dominika , Kozłowska Martyna , Cieslak Adam , Ślusarczyk Sylwester , Várady Marián , Váradyová Zora
Published: September 2023

We investigated growth performance and ruminal fermentation associated with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Haemonchus contortus in lambs and in vitro ruminal fermentation of mallow, chamomile, fumitory, wormwood (Herbmix), and chicory using inoculum from GIN-infected lambs. Twelve lambs were equally divided into two groups: uninfected animals (CON) and animals infected (INF) with approximately 5000 third-stage larvae derived from the MHCo1 strain of GIN H. contortus. Two lambs per group were killed on days 48, 49, and 50 after infection and ruminal content was collected separately from each lamb. Batch cultures of ruminal fluid from CON and INF were incubated for 24 h in vitro with 0.25 g meadow hay, Herbmix, and chicory using an in vitro gas production technique. Daily weight gain was relatively lower in the INF than the CON group, but not significantly (72.6 vs. 130.1 g/day). The ruminal populations of protozoa, bacteria, total Archaea, Methanobacteriales, and Methanomicrobiales were significantly higher in the INF than in the CON group. The substrates affected the concentrations of n-butyrate, iso-butyrate, n-valerate, iso-valerate, ammonia-N, total gas, and methane (p < 0.001) in vitro. GIN infection affected fermentation and microbial population in the rumens of the lambs, and chicory was a promising substrate to modulate ruminal fermentation in vitro.
Family Farming as a Contribution to Food Sovereignty, Case Guarainag Parish
Authors: Verdugo Graciela , Cuadrado Gina , Castillo Yonimiler
Published: September 2023

The objective of this research is to analyze how family farming contributes to food sovereignty; the Guarainag parish of the Paute canton in the province of Azuay-Ecuador is taken as a case of study. This work responds to the necessity to explain the elements that impact food sovereignty in the existing food crisis in Latin America and specifically in Ecuador in search of self-sufficiency for healthy food products and people’s own local culture. For this purpose, a Food Sovereignty Index was constructed through ten quantitative and qualitative indicators. The research has a correlational and explanatory scope; quantitative methods were used to measure food sovereignty through a binary logit regression model, which provided an answer to the hypothesis of the research, which consisted of testing the influence of family farming on food sovereignty. Furthermore, to collect the information, a survey was applied to 372 small farmers with the support of digital mapping and the Kobol Tulboox software version 1.27.3. The result was a Food Sovereignty Index of 59.79%, which, according to the scale used, places the territory in a high average. In addition, the hypothesis was verified, concluding that there is a direct relationship among the following elements of family farming such as number of household members, family labor, group of products, type of animals, tillage technology, natural fertilizer, and altitudinal levels with food sovereignty. For future research, it is recommended that the variable of climate change has to be incorporated in order to observe its impact on food sovereignty.
Experimental Study on the Cleaning Performance of Hot Air Flow Cleaning Device
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Yaoming , You Guoliang
Published: September 2023

When processing wet rice, the efficiency of the combine harvester diminishes due to the heightened surface water content of the paddy. To address this, a hot air flow cleaning apparatus was engineered, and the effects of its operational parameters on cleaning performance were investigated. Outlet temperature, fan speed, louver sieve temperature, louver sieve inclination, and eccentric wheel speed were selected as experimental factors, and a single-factor test was carried out, with cleaning loss rate and impurity rate as test indexes. The results of the single-factor test show that louver sieve inclination and eccentric wheel speed had no obvious influence on the cleaning loss rate or impurity rate. The cleaning loss rate decreased with the increase in outlet temperature and louver sieve temperature but increased with the increase in fan speed. The cleaning impurity rate increased with the increase in outlet temperature and louver sieve temperature but decreased with the increase in fan speed. Based on the results of the single-factor test, a central composite rotatable test was adopted to attain the optimal operation parameters of the hot air flow cleaning equipment. Parameters like outlet temperature, fan speed, and louver sieve temperature were established as test factors, with the loss and impurity rates chosen as the evaluation metrics. Optimization using response surface methodology yielded the following parameters: an outlet temperature of 40.7 °C, a fan speed of 1300 rpm, and a louver sieve temperature of 50 °C. Under these conditions, the loss rate was observed to be 0.75% and the impurity rate stood at 1.75%. These findings can guide the design of cleaning mechanisms and the determination of operational parameters.
Non-Destructive Methods Used to Determine Forage Mass and Nutritional Condition in Tropical Pastures
Authors: Fernandes Patrick Bezerra , Santos Camila Alves dos , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Gonçalves Lucas Ferreira , Fonseca Natália Nogueira , Moura Rafaela Borges , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Paim Tiago do Prado
Published: September 2023

The quantification of forage availability in tropical grasses is generally done in a destructive and time-consuming manner, involving cutting, weighing, and waiting for drying. To expedite this process, non-destructive methods can be used, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-definition cameras, mobile device images, and the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). However, these methods have been underutilized in tropical pastures. A literature review was conducted to present the current state of remote tools’ use in predicting forage availability and quality in tropical pastures. Few publications address the use of non-destructive methods to estimate forage availability in major tropical grasses (Megathyrsus maximus; Urochloa spp.). Additionally, these studies do not consider the fertility requirements of each cultivar and the effect of management on the phenotypic plasticity of tillers. To obtain accurate estimates of forage availability and properly manage pastures, it is necessary to integrate remote methods with in situ collection of soil parameters. This way, it will be possible to train machine learning models to obtain precise and reliable estimates of forage availability for domestic ruminant production.
Non-Synergistic Changes in Migration Processes between Soil Salt and Water in the Salt Patch of the Coastal Saline Soil
Authors: Fang Xiang , Liu Zhen , Li Jing , Lai Jianbin , Gong Huarui , Sun Zhigang , Ouyang Zhu , Dou Wenjun , Fa Keyu
Published: September 2023

Salt patches (SPs) with surface salt accumulation pose a serious threat to agriculture in coastal saline lands. However, the migration and distribution of soil water and salt in SPs remain unclear due to complex water–salt transport dynamics. In this study, we focused on typical SPs in the Yellow River Delta region and selected center site (Site 1), transition site (Site 2), edge site (Site 3), and outer site (Site 4) with varying levels of salinization. Field sampling and the HYDRUS-1D model were employed to investigate the migration process and distribution of soil water and salt in SPs, as well as the influencing factors. The results indicated significantly higher salt contents in the central sites (Site 1 and Site 2) compared to the edge sites (Site 3 and Site 4), while no significant differences were observed in soil water content. The bottom soil exhibited greater stability in terms of water and salt content compared to the surface soil. Additionally, soil water content increased with soil depth, whereas salt content decreased from Site 1 to Site 3. Interestingly, Site 4 exhibited the opposite salt distribution pattern in the whole soil depth. We observed that SPs displayed a salt aggregation structure radiating from the center to the periphery, gradually weakening in intensity. Our correlation analysis indicated that the formation of SPs may be influenced by soil particle size distribution, precipitation, and evaporation. Specifically, fine soil structure can impede the upward transport of highly mineralized groundwater, while precipitation and evaporation directly affect the leaching and upward movement of surface soil salt, resulting in uneven salt distribution in the field and the formation of SPs. These findings provide valuable theoretical and technical insights for the prevention and improvement of saline farmlands in the Yellow River Delta.
Ductal Architecture: Corrosion Casting of Canine Mammary Glands Using an Intraductal Approach
Authors: Kolasinac Sabina Sibcic , Griffiths David , Moe Lars , Sørum Henning , Rootwelt Vibeke
Published: September 2023

Detailed knowledge related to the morphology, anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the canine mammary gland is scarce. Mammary tissue undergoes massive changes instructed by hormones multiple times within the lifespan of every bitch, affecting its appearance. To address the ductal system’s appearance and to present how different our findings regarding the canine mammary gland are in comparison with the available literature, we obtained cadaveric specimens after euthanasia and mastectomy. All bitches were euthanised due to poor prognosis for their recovery from maladies unrelated to mammae. Using intraductal cannulation ex vivo, milk- or fluid-yielding ducts were perfused using VasQtec (polyurethane resin), which revealed casts, i.e., imprints of ducts and glandular structures in situ. We observed primary, vertically positioned ducts that ascended throughout the teat and continued branching to secondary, tertiary, etc., horizontally positioned ducts, which drained mammary gland lobes under the skin located close to the abdominal wall. The ascendant teat canal could be split into two and could be connected to gland alveoli or end blind. Alveolar formations were located along ducts and ductules in bigger and/or smaller clusters. This study is the first to generate a 3D image of canine ducts and glandular tissue using an intraductal approach.
Exploring Immunohistochemistry in Fish: Assessment of Antibody Reactivity by Western Immunoblotting
Authors: Antuofermo Elisabetta , Orioles Massimo , Murgia Claudio , Burrai Giovanni P. , Penati Martina , Gottardi Chiara , Polinas Marta , Volpatti Donatella , Galeotti Marco , Addis Maria Filippa
Published: September 2023

In recent years, research on fish has seen remarkable advancements, especially in aquaculture, ornamental fish industry, and biomedical studies. Immunohistochemistry has become crucial in fish research, aiding in physiological and pathological investigations. However, the use of antibodies originally developed for mammals has raised concerns about their cross-reactivity and specificity in fish. This study systematically evaluated the reactivity of commonly used antibodies for diagnostic purposes, especially in fish pathology, including pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and desmin in the tissue of Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Carassius auratus. Western immunoblotting was employed to assess antibody specificity. The results revealed that the pan-cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies cross-react with all tested fish species, while S-100 demonstrated specific staining in sea bream, goldfish, and rainbow trout tissues. Conversely, vimentin and desmin antibodies displayed no reactivity. In conclusion, the anti-cytokeratin clone AE1/AE3 and the polyclonal rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody, which are extensively used in mammals, were validated for fish immunohistochemical studies. Regrettably, D33 anti-desmin and V9 anti-vimentin clones are unsuitable for immunohistochemistry in the tested fish. These findings underscore the need for species-specific antibodies and proper validation for accurate immunohistochemistry analyses in fish research.
First Serologic Survey of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Wild Boars Hunted for Private Consumption in Portugal
Authors: Canotilho João , Abrantes Ana Carolina , Risco David , Fernández-Llario Pedro , Aranha José , Vieira-Pinto Madalena
Published: September 2023

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a relevant zoonotic infectious agent causing swine erysipelas (SE) in wild boar. In Portugal, there is no information on its occurrence. For this reason, this study aims to perform a first serosurvey of SE in hunted wild boars in Portugal. During the 2019/2020 hunting season, 111 sera from hunted wild boar were collected and analysed serologically in the laboratory with a commercial ELISA kit. No animals were eviscerated and examined after the hunt. The hunters took it all for private consumption. The results identified 18 animals that were exposed to SE, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 16.2% (95% CI: 19.9–24.4%). No statistical significance was observed on the effect of gender and age on seropositivity. However, wild boar hunted in Pinhel County, had five times more likely to be seropositivity (p-value < 0.05; OD = 5.4). Apart from its potential debilitating capacity and chronicity in the wild boar population, SE is also a very serious occupational zoonosis. Thus, the result of this first serosurvey in Portugal should raise awareness and alert competent national veterinary authorities and those involved in the hunting sector, especially hunters who directly handle these carcasses. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the role of wild boar as a reservoir and spillover of this disease to other animals and humans.
Fermentation Patterns, Methane Production and Microbial Population under In Vitro Conditions from Two Unconventional Feed Resources Incorporated in Ruminant Diets
Authors: Araiza Ponce Karina A. , Gurrola Reyes J. Natividad , Martínez Estrada Sandra C. , Salas Pacheco José M. , Palacios Torres Javier , Murillo Ortiz Manuel
Published: September 2023

In this study, four experimental treatments were evaluated: (T1) alfalfa hay + concentrate, (50:50%, DM); (T2) alfalfa hay + Leucaena leucocephala + concentrate, (30:20:50%, DM); (T3) alfalfa hay + prickly pear + concentrate, (30:20:50%, DM); and (T4) alfalfa hay + Leucaena leucocephala + prickly pear + concentrate, (30:10:10:50%, DM). NH3-N concentrations in T2 and T4 decreased when replaced with alfalfa hay in 20 and 10%, respectively. Treatments did not affect the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) between T3 and T4 (p > 0.05), while the concentrations among T1 and T2 were different (p < 0.05). T2 showed a reduction of 25.5% in the methane production when compared to T1 (p < 0.05). The lowest concentrations of protozoa were observed in T2 and T4, which contained Leucaena leucocephala (T2) and Leucaena leucocephala + prickly pear (T4) (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of total methanogens was recorded in T1 and was different in T2, T3, and T4 (p < 0.05). Leucaena leucocephala, at an inclusion percentage of 20%, decreased the methane when compared to T1, whereas prickly pear increased methane production in relation to T1.
A New Species of Bryaxis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and Notes on Its Ecology and Distribution
Authors: Sabella Giorgio , Nicolosi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

A new species of the subfamily Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) has been discovered on Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and is described herein as Bryaxis aetnensis sp. nov. The new species is closely associated with the Bryaxis difficilis group, a highly homogeneous group of species living in the regions of Sicily and Sardinia. Diagnostic features and distribution of Sicilian species of this group are treated and illustrated herein. Bryaxis aetnensis sp. nov. exhibits similarities to B. marinae but can be distinguished by the darker color, longer antennal scape and terminal palpomere, and in the aedeagus morphology. The distribution of B. aetnensis sp. nov. spans a wide altitudinal range, demonstrating a remarkable climatic tolerance across the slopes and diverse habitats of Mount Etna. This broad tolerance reflects the species’ probable high ecological plasticity, which may also contribute to the observed morphological variability among individuals from different sampling sites. The significance of this new discovery on Mount Etna highlights the need to intensify sampling efforts in the region. Strengthening protection for these unexplored environments is crucial, and it also aids in unraveling biogeographic questions about the fauna inhabiting the area. As a relatively young volcanic environment, species colonization has occurred recently, making it an intriguing subject of investigation.
Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals Selection Signal Related to Sheep Wool Fineness
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Jin Meilin , Li Taotao , Lu Zengkui , Wang Huihua , Yuan Zehu , Wei Caihong
Published: September 2023

Wool fineness affects the quality of wool, and some studies have identified about forty candidate genes that affect sheep wool fineness, but these genes often reveal only a certain proportion of the variation in wool thickness. We further explore additional genes associated with the fineness of sheep wool. Whole-genome resequencing of eight sheep breeds was performed to reveal selection signals associated with wool fineness, including four coarse wool and four fine/semi-fine wool sheep breeds. Multiple methods to reveal selection signals (Fst and θπ Ratio and XP-EHH) were applied for sheep wool fineness traits. In total, 269 and 319 genes were annotated in the fine wool (F vs. C) group and the coarse wool (C vs. F) group, such as LGR4, PIK3CA, and SEMA3C and NFIB, OPHN1, and THADA. In F vs. C, 269 genes were enriched in 15 significant GO Terms (p < 0.05) and 38 significant KEGG Pathways (p < 0.05), such as protein localization to plasma membrane (GO: 0072659) and Inositol phosphate metabolism (oas 00562). In C vs. F, 319 genes were enriched in 21 GO Terms (p < 0.05) and 16 KEGG Pathways (p < 0.05), such as negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly (GO: 0051895) and Axon guidance (oas 04360). Our study has uncovered genomic information pertaining to significant traits in sheep and has identified valuable candidate genes. This will pave the way for subsequent investigations into related traits.
Oral Health Literacy Levels of Nursing Professionals and Effectiveness of Integrating Oral Health Training into Nursing Curricula: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albougami Abdulrhman
Published: September 2023

This systematic review assessed the evidence for the oral health literacy levels (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, barriers, oral care and practices, and trainings and resources) of nursing professionals and the effectiveness of integrating oral health training into nursing training. Four electronic databases were searched; however, for relevance, only evidence published between 2013 and 2023 was considered. Overall, 70 studies that focused on five key themes, namely, (i) knowledge of oral healthcare among nurses; (ii) attitudes of nurses towards oral healthcare; (iii) barriers to oral healthcare promotion; (iv) oral care and practices; and (v) trainings and resources to promote oral healthcare, were retrieved. Nurses were found to have a lack of or suboptimal of knowledge regarding oral healthcare. Moreover, their attitudes and practices related to the provision of oral healthcare varied substantially. Key barriers that impeded oral healthcare promotion included a lack of knowledge, awareness, education, skills, and training. Integrating oral health training was considered effective for improving oral health literacy and nurses emphasized the inclusion of such training into their curricula for improving oral healthcare. In summary, nurses have an important role to play in promoting oral health. Furthermore, integration of oral health training into nursing curricula could be a feasible approach to improve the oral health literacy of nurses and reduce the burden of oral disease.
Kinematic Precise Point Positioning Performance-Based Cost-Effective Robot Localization System
Authors: Farah Ashraf , Tlija Mehdi
Published: September 2023

The use of high-precision positioning systems in modern navigation applications is crucial since location data is one of the most important pieces of information in Industry 4.0, especially for robots operating outdoors. In the modernization process of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, precise point positioning (PPP) has demonstrated its effectiveness in comparison to traditional differential positioning methods over the past thirty years. However, various challenges hinder the integration of PPP techniques into Internet of Things (IoT) systems for robot localization, with accuracy being a primary concern. This accuracy is impacted by factors such as satellite availability and signal disruptions in outdoor environments, resulting in less precise determination of satellite observations. Effectively addressing various GNSS errors is crucial when collecting PPP observations. The paper investigates the trade-off between kinematic PPP accuracy and cost effectiveness, through the examination of various influencing factors, including the choice of GNSS system (single or mixed), observation type (single or dual frequency), and satellite geometry. This research investigates kinematic PPP accuracy variation on a 10.4 km observed track based on different factors, using the GNSS system (single or mixed), and observation type (single or dual frequency). It can be concluded that mixed (GPS/GLONASS) dual frequency offers a 3D position accuracy of 9 cm, while mixed single frequency offers a 3D position accuracy of 13 cm. In industry, the results enable manufacturers to select suitable robot localization solutions according to the outdoor working environment (number of available satellites), economical constraint (single or dual frequency), and 3D position accuracy.
Integrating Hourly Scale Hydrological Modeling and Remote Sensing Data for Flood Simulation and Hydrological Analysis in a Coastal Watershed
Authors: Cao Yang , Fu Congsheng , Yang Mingxiang
Published: September 2023

Hourly scale hydrological modeling holds pivotal significance for flood-related research, as watershed floods often occur within a few hours of intense rainfall. Although the SWAT model’s hourly simulation has found application in a few watersheds, the relatively short usage history and limited scope inhibit a comprehensive grasp of its potential. In this study, a coastal watershed in Fukuyama City, Japan was selected as a case study for conducting hourly simulations. The study highlights the hourly simulation’s proficiency in capturing diverse flood trends while also accurately replicating baseflow and flood peaks within the 0 to 200 m3/s range. However, there is an underestimation of peak flows in calculations exceeding 200 m3/s. Moreover, empirical summaries have been generated to outline the parameterization process of hourly simulation, revealing how distinct parameters influence simulated runoff. For instance, it outlines how BFLO_DIST significantly affects baseflow simulation when operating in hourly mode. Our findings provide an empirical summary of the advantages, disadvantages, and parameterization process for hourly simulations of the SWAT model.
The Adhesion and Moisture Damage Resistance between Castor Oil-Based Bio-Asphalt and Aggregates under the Action of Thermal-Oxidative Aging
Authors: Zhang Ran , Shi Qingwen , Hu Pengkun , Ji Jie , Wen Long
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the adhesion properties and moisture damage resistance between castor oil-based bio-asphalt (COBA) and aggregates under the action of thermal oxidation. Different dosages of castor oil-based bio-oil (5%, 10%, and 15%) were used to prepare the COBA by mixing it with petroleum asphalt. The short-term and long-term aging of COBA were simulated by the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) over 85 min and 385 min, respectively. The boiling method, photoelectric colorimetry, contact angle test, and contact angle moisture susceptibility test (CAMSI) were used to evaluate the adhesion and exfoliation of the COBA–aggregates before and after thermal oxygen aging. Then, the aging degree of COBA was quantitatively evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the correlation between aging condition and COBA–aggregates adhesion was analyzed. The results showed that the cohesion in COBA increased by 23.1% on average due to the addition of bio-oil. And the adhesion between COBA and aggregates increased by 5% due to the acidic compounds formed in the process of interaction with silicates on the surface of the aggregates. After short-term thermal oxidation, the adhesion between COBA and its aggregates was further improved as the polar components in the asphalt binder increased when the bio-oil dosage was less than 10%. However, with the continuous increase in the bio-oil amount and thermal oxidation degree, the adhesion decreased by 12.6% when compared to the virgin status; in addition, the adhesion grade decreased. Also, a low dosage of bio-oil was found to also improve COBA’s resistance to moisture damage, and helped to reduce moisture sensitivity during the interaction with asphalt binder. However, the acidic compounds that were generated by the reaction with hydrolyzed aggregates in the presence of asphalt binder reduced the adhesion between COBA and the aggregates. Finally, FTIR revealed a good correlation between IC=O and adhesion between COBA and the aggregates.
Precision and Dimensional Stability of Bonded Joints of Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymers Parts
Authors: Kupčák Radim , Zouhar Jan , Viliš Jindřich , Gregor Lukáš , Hrušecká Denisa
Published: September 2023

This article aims to investigate the accuracy and dimensional stability of bonded metal and CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic) adherends. The motivation behind this study was to assess the suitability of CFRP for optical devices through the evaluation of precision bonding technology. A binocular was selected as a reference optical device. A technological sample was designed, with required total runout of key dimensions 0.05 mm. The sample underwent testing according to ISO 9022-1. The total runout was evaluated after production and environmental tests. Eight out of 15 samples were turned after gluing due to insufficient accuracy. None of the turned samples exceeded the total runout deviation of 0.01 mm, and the average value of the maximal deviation was 0.0041 mm. The noncalibrated samples performed significantly worse with the average value of the maximal deviation of 0.0164 mm. The measurements during the climatic tests showed that the largest deviation (on average 77.6% of the maximum achieved deviation) occurs at the first temperature loading. Subsequent temperature cycles caused lower deviations. The results highlight the significance of addressing deformations resulting from adhesive volume shrinkage-induced stress as a crucial factor in precision bonding technology.
An Integrated Approach to Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Al Hassani Rabab , Ali Tarig , Mortula Md Maruf , Gawai Rahul
Published: September 2023

Leakages in the water distribution networks (WDNs) are real problems for utilities and other governmental agencies. Timely leak detection and location identification have been challenges. In this paper, an integrated approach to geospatial and infrared image processing was used for robust leak detection. The method combines drops in flow, pressure, and chlorine residuals to determine potential water leakage locations in the WDN using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. GIS layers were created from the hourly values of these three parameters for the city of Sharjah provided by the Sharjah Electricity, Water, and Gas Authority (SEWA). These layers are then analyzed for locations with dropped values of each of the parameters and are overlaid with each other. In the case where there were no overlaying locations between flow and pressure, further water quality analysis was avoided, assuming no potential leak. In the case where there are locations with drops in flow and pressure layers, these overlaying locations are then examined for drops in chlorine values. If overlaying locations are found, then these regions are considered potential leak locations. Once potential leak locations are identified, a specialized remote sensing technique can be used to pinpoint the leak location. This study also demonstrated the suitability of using an infrared camera for leak detection in a laboratory-based setup. This paper concludes that the following methodology can help water utility companies in the timely detection of leaks, saving money, time, and effort.
Aromatized Wine-Type Beverages with Added Byproducts of Essential Rose Oil Industry
Authors: Slavov Anton , Spasov Hristo , Dinkova Rada , Denev Petko , Dincheva Ivayla , Topuzova Mariyana Georgieva , Chalova Vesela
Published: September 2023

The aroma bouquet of wine depends mainly on grape (variety, crop, climate, location, and so on), yeasts/microorganisms, and wine aging. Additionally, the wine flavor can be modulated by adding herbs, extracts, byproducts, and so on. The aim of the present study was to characterize aromatized wine-type beverages (AWTBs) prepared by supplementation with rose oil industry byproducts (ROIBs). Three approaches were employed: 1. dried ROIBs were added to the grape must, followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ARW_CoF); 2. dried ROIBs were added to preliminarily prepared rosé (ARW_M); 3. 70% (v/v) ethanolic extracts of ROIBs were added to preliminarily prepared rosé (ARW_E). The polyphenol content in the modified beverages increased significantly from 230.00 ± 5.21 (control) to 296.13 ± 3.57 (ARW_M_100), 295.50 ± 3.78 (ARW_CoF_100), and 293.73 ± 4.29 (ARW_E_400) µmol GAE/L. The addition of ROIBs did not alter the formation of higher alcohols, since their contents in the AWTBs and the control were below 65 mg/L. The amount of phenethyl alcohol increased significantly from 1.07 ± 0.15 mg/L to 4.08 ± 0.30, 4.96 ± 0.24, and 5.77 ± 0.28 mg/L in the ARW_E_400, ARW_M_100, and ARW_CoF_100, respectively. The sensory evaluation revealed a preference for AWTBs from the ARW_CoF series. The results suggested that rose byproducts could be successfully utilized for the preparation of new AWTBs enriched with phenolic antioxidants, while exhibiting a distinctive and pleasant rose aroma.
An Investigation into the Influence of Sample Height on the Consolidation Behaviour of Dredged Silt
Authors: Hu Ronghua , Zhang Ming , Wang Jiaqi
Published: September 2023

This study delves into the effects of sample height on consolidation behaviour, utilising the automatic air pressure consolidometer. Extensive tests were conducted on three varieties of dredged silt samples of varying heights from Qianwan, Shenzhen, China. The salient findings can be summarised as follows: (1) Compression curves for samples of different dimensions transitioned through three distinct phases: minimal load disturbance, elastic deformation, and plastic deformation. Notably, the void ratio during the latter two phases diminished as sample height increased. (2) A rising sample height corresponded to a reduced stable strain and compression index. Furthermore, the consolidation coefficient notably diminished with an escalation in the sample height, whereas the structural yield stress remained largely unaffected. (3) Given the disparate formation processes, stress histories, and material compositions between dredged and marine silts, the permeability coefficient of dredged silt was found to be superior to that of marine silt. Within the typical preloading pressure scope (50~300 kPa), the consolidation coefficient of dredged silt was lower compared to marine silt. However, as the consolidation pressure significantly surpassed this threshold, the coefficient disparity between the two silts narrowed.
Terracini Loci for Maps
Authors: Ballico Edoardo
Published: September 2023

Let X be a smooth projective variety and f:X→Pr a morphism birational onto its image. We define the Terracini loci of the map f. Most results are only for the case dimX=1. With this new and more flexible definition, it is possible to prove strong nonemptiness results with the full classification of all exceptional cases. We also consider Terracini loci with restricted support (solutions not intersecting a closed set B⊊X or solutions containing a prescribed p∈X). Our definitions work both for the Zariski and the euclidean topology and we suggest extensions to the case of real varieties. We also define Terracini loci for joins of two or more subvarieties of the same projective space. The proofs use algebro-geometric tools.
Business Impact Analysis of AMM Data: A Case Study
Authors: Horalek Josef
Published: September 2023

The issue of Automated Meter Management (AMM), an integral part of modern energy smart grid systems, has become a hot topic in recent years. With the current energy crisis, and given the new approaches to smart energy and its regulation, implemented at the level of the European Union, the gradual introduction of AMM as a standard for the regulation and management of the distribution system is an absolute necessity. Modern smart grids incorporate elements of smart regulation that rely heavily on the availability and quality of the data generated or used during AMM as part of the smart grid. In this paper, based on an analytical view of AMM as a whole and guided interviews with the sponsors of each service and owners of each dataset, criteria are proposed and a Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is implemented, the results of which are used to determine security measures for the safe and reliable running of the AMM system. This paper offers a unique view of the AMM system as an integral part of modern smart grid networks from a data-driven perspective that enables the subsequent implementation and fulfillment of security requirements by ISO/IEC 27001 and national security standards, as the AMM system is also a critical information system under the EU directive regarding the cybersecurity of network and information systems, which are subject to newly defined security requirements in the field of cybersecurity.