bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiogram Pattern Recognition and Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines: A Review
Authors: Sansone Mario , Fusco Roberta , Pepino Alessandro , Sansone Carlo
Published: November 2013

Computer systems for Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis support the clinician in tedious tasks (e.g., Holter ECG monitored in Intensive Care Units) or in prompt detection of dangerous events (e.g., ventricular fibrillation). Together with clinical applications (arrhythmia detection and heart rate variability analysis), ECG is currently being investigated in biometrics (human identification), an emerging area receiving increasing attention. Methodologies for clinical applications can have both differences and similarities with respect to biometrics. This paper reviews methods of ECG processing from a pattern recognition perspective. In particular, we focus on features commonly used for heartbeat classification. Considering the vast literature in the field and the limited space of this review, we dedicated a detailed discussion only to a few classifiers (Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines) because of their popularity; however, other techniques such as Hidden Markov Models and Kalman Filtering will be also mentioned.
Evidence of lasting impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep Gulf of Mexico coral community
Authors: Hsing Pen-Yuan , Fu Bo , Larcom Elizabeth A. , Berlet Samantha P. , Shank Timothy M. , Govindarajan Annette F. , Lukasiewicz Alexandra J. , Dixon Philip M. , Fisher Charles R.
Published: November 2013

A coral community 11 km southwest of the site of the Deepwater Horizon blowout at 1,370 m water depth was discovered 3.5 months after the well was capped on 3 November 2010. Gorgonian corals at the site were partially covered by a brown flocculent material (floc) that contained hydrocarbons fingerprinted to the oil spill. Here we quantify the visible changes to the corals at this site during five visits over 17 months by digitizing images of individual branches of each colony and categorizing their condition. Most of the floc visible in November 2010 was absent from the corals by the third visit in March 2011, and there was a decrease in the median proportions of the colonies showing obvious signs of impact after the first visit. During our second visit in 2010, about six weeks after the first, we documented the onset of hydroid colonization (a sign of coral deterioration) on impacted coral branches that increased over the remainder of the study. Hydroid colonization of impacted portions of coral colonies by the last visit in March 2012 correlated positively with the proportion of the colony covered by floc during the first two visits in late 2010. Similarly, apparent recovery of impacted portions of the coral by March 2012 correlated negatively with the proportion of the coral covered with floc in late 2010. A notable feature of the impact was its patchy nature, both within and among colonies, suggesting that the impacting agent was not homogeneously dispersed during initial contact with the corals. While the median level of obvious visible impact decreased over time, the onset of hydroid colonization and the probability of impacts that were not visually obvious suggest that future visits may reveal additional deterioration in the condition of these normally long-lived corals.
Clinical and radiological outcome of the cemented Contemporary acetabular component in patients < 50 years of age
Authors: Schmitz M. W. J. L. , Timmer C. , Rijnen W. H. C. , Gardeniers J. W. M. , Schreurs B. W.
Published: November 2013

Despite the worldwide usage of the cemented Contemporary acetabular component (Stryker), no published data are available regarding its use in patients aged < 50 years. We undertook a mid- to long-term follow-up study, including all consecutive patients aged < 50 years who underwent a primary total hip replacement using the Contemporary acetabular component with the Exeter cemented stem between January 1999 and January 2006. There were 152 hips in 126 patients, 61 men and 65 women, mean age at surgery 37.6 years (16 to 49 yrs). One patient was lost to follow-up.

Mean clinical follow-up of all implants was 7.6 years (0.9 to 12.0). All clinical questionnaire scores, including Harris hip score, Oxford hip score and several visual analogue scales, were found to have improved. The eight year survivorship of all acetabular components for the endpoints revision for any reason or revision for aseptic loosening was 94.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 89.2 to 97.2) and 96.4% (95% CI 91.6 to 98.5), respectively. Radiological follow-up was complete for 146 implants. The eight year survival for the endpoint radiological loosening was 93.1% (95% CI 86.2 to 96.6). Three surviving implants were considered radiologically loose but were asymptomatic. The presence of acetabular osteolysis (n = 17, 11.8%) and radiolucent lines (n = 20, 13.9%) in the 144 surviving cups indicates a need for continued observation in the second decade of follow-up in order to observe their influence on long-term survival.

The clinical and radiological data resulting in a ten-year survival rate > 90% in young patients support the use of the Contemporary acetabular component in this specific patient group.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1617–25.
Enhanced recovery in total hip replacement
Authors: Ibrahim M. S. , Twaij H. , Giebaly D. E. , Nizam I. , Haddad F. S.
Published: November 2013

The outcome after total hip replacement has improved with the development of surgical techniques, better pain management and the introduction of enhanced recovery pathways. These pathways require a multidisciplinary team to manage pre-operative education, multimodal pain control and accelerated rehabilitation. The current economic climate and restricted budgets favour brief hospitalisation while minimising costs. This has put considerable pressure on hospitals to combine excellent results, early functional recovery and shorter admissions.

In this review we present an evidence-based summary of some common interventions and methods, including pre-operative patient education, pre-emptive analgesia, local infiltration analgesia, pre-operative nutrition, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields, peri-operative rehabilitation, wound dressings, different surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery and fast-track joint replacement units.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1587–94.
Controversies relating to the management of acromioclavicular joint dislocations
Authors: Modi C. S. , Beazley J. , Zywiel M. G. , Lawrence T. M. , Veillette C. J. H.
Published: November 2013

The aim of this review is to address controversies in the management of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Current evidence suggests that operative rather than non-operative treatment of Rockwood grade III dislocations results in better cosmetic and radiological results, similar functional outcomes and longer time off work. Early surgery results in better functional and radiological outcomes with a reduced risk of infection and loss of reduction compared with delayed surgery.

Surgical options include acromioclavicular fixation, coracoclavicular fixation and coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. Although non-controlled studies report promising results for arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation, there are no comparative studies with open techniques to draw conclusions about the best surgical approach. Non-rigid coracoclavicular fixation with tendon graft or synthetic materials, or rigid acromioclavicular fixation with a hook plate, is preferable to fixation with coracoclavicular screws owing to significant risks of loosening and breakage.

The evidence, although limited, also suggests that anatomical ligament reconstruction with autograft or certain synthetic grafts may have better outcomes than non-anatomical transfer of the coracoacromial ligament. It has been suggested that this is due to better restoration horizontal and vertical stability of the joint.

Despite the large number of recently published studies, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding these controversial issues.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1595–1602.
Policy-oriented foresight as evidence for policy making: conditions of (mis)match
Authors: Fobé Ellen , Brans Marleen
Published: November 2013

This article approaches policy-oriented foresight as a particular kind of evidence aimed at supporting and developing policies. Through a comparative case study, the article investigates the different ways in which evidence from policy-oriented foresight is used by policy makers. In explaining the factors behind differences in use between the cases, the findings emphasise the importance of the involvement of policy makers,stakeholder support, and the competition with other sources of evidence for policy.
Toys Are Good for Us: Why We Should Embrace the Historical Integration of Children’s Literature, Material Culture, and Play
Authors: Bernstein Robin
Published: November 2013

This manifesto argues that the field of children’s literature has, for too long, downplayed the historical relationship among children’s literature, toys, and play. If we desist from erecting arbitrary boundaries among these modes of cultural production, we stand to gain three benefits: we will better understand how children’s literature actually functions in the everyday lives of children; we will mitigate the “top, down” understanding of children’s literature that underestimates children’s agency; and we will hinge our field to disciplines and interdisciplines that already care about material culture and play—and thus we will expand our influence and power across the university.
Sink or Swim?: Revising Ophelia in Contemporary Young Adult Fiction
Authors: Hateley Erica
Published: November 2013

Shakespeare’s Hamlet has in recent years been used by a number of young adult novels to define and authorise representations of gendered adolescent subjectivity. In so doing, these novels attend not only to Shakespeare’s play but also to other adaptations of the play. For example, the long cultural history of Ophelia being used as a template for depicting adolescent femininity as risky or dangerous is as influential as the play itself in early twenty-first century novels. This paper reads such novels for the ways in which codes of gender and of genre circulate in adolescent fiction when linked explicitly with Shakespearean texts and traditions.
Is Biotechnology Deconstructing Animal Domestication? Movements toward Liberation
Authors: Twine Richard
Published: November 2013

It might be assumed that the application of genomics to the production of farmed animals represents a move of acceleration, a broadening and an elaboration of what might be possible in terms of the instrumental shaping of animal bodies to the demands of capital. However, this would be to yield too much to hubristic assumptions about the human control of science and technological innovation, and to discount alternative deployments and provocations of the molecular imaginary. Accordingly, this essay explores the potential of molecular biology to contest an already troubled distinction between wild and domesticated. Within this capability to further undermine the distinction resides a potentially important contribution to the formation of a molecular animal-liberatory imaginary. Although the technique of de-domestication has been discussed in relation to conservation projects, the essay assesses whether it could have a role in the liberation of farmed animals. Adopting a critical perspective toward the imaginary, toward de-domestication, and, indeed, toward assumptions around the meanings of liberation, the essay foregrounds various intersecting notions of temporality as vital both to the explication of biotechnological ambivalence and to the complexities of movements toward animal liberation.
A Predicament: Animal Models and Human Tissue in Medical Research
Authors: Harrington Jean
Published: November 2013

The use of the animal in medical research is deeply embedded within scientific culture, so much so that in spite of the European Union Directive (2010/63/EU) on the protection of animals, linked to the “3Rs” principle of replacement, reduction, and refinement, the recorded use of animals continues to increase. This essay explores the background to the utilization of the animal in experimentation. Using ethnographic data gathered in stem cell laboratories, the author explores attitudes toward the use of alternatives, specifically what is termed “waste” human tissue. A contrast is drawn between the refined framework surrounding the use of the “standardized” animal model and what appears to be the more ad hoc system for human tissue. At a time when the UK government is committed to reducing the use of animals in scientific procedures, it can be concluded that mundane practices, concepts, and values provoke resistance to the use of an alternative material.
Engineering Freedom? A Critique of Biotechnological Routes to Animal Liberation
Authors: Cole Matthew , Morgan Karen
Published: November 2013

This essay presents a critical analysis of the claims of three biotechnological innovations to be facilitative of nonhuman animal liberation: de-domestication; in vitro meat (IVM); and human tissue research. The analysis is facilitated by the application of a conceptual model of human/nonhuman animal relations, which highlights the interconnection of hegemonic material and discursive practices in classifying the nature and purpose of nonhuman animals. The analysis therefore considers both the liberatory potential of each biotechnology, as well as its limitations, in light of its capacity to, respectively, generate novel material and discursive practices or to reproduce existing ones. The essay concludes with an extended discussion of an alternative, nonbiotechnological approach to animal liberation rooted in the ecofeminist work of Marti Kheel and Brian Luke.
Shadowing the Lyric: Tilottama Rajan Reads Romantic Narrative
Authors: Pfau Thomas
Published: November 2013

A review of Tilottama Rajan’s Romantic Narrative: Shelley, Hays, Godwin, Wollstonecraft (2010).
Friendship, Philosophy, and Argument: An Enlightenment Narrative
Authors: Nazar Hina
Published: November 2013

Review of Robert Zaretsky and John T. Scott, The Philosophers’ Quarrel: Rousseau, Hume, and the Limits of Human Understanding (2009).
Mingling with Matter: Tactile Microscopy and the Philosophic Mind in Brobdingnag and Beyond
Authors: Girten Kristin M.
Published: November 2013

This article argues for Jonathan Swift's skepticism about the new science of the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and his ambivalent exploration of the sense of touch through microscopy in the Brobdignag chapters of Gullivers Travels. Reading Swift’s “Voyage to Brobdingnag” (1726) in conjunction with an anonymous pornographic poem from 1732 entitled “The Microscope,” this essay helps further elaborate the nature of Swift’s skepticism regarding the new science. In doing so, it reveals another dimension of Swift’s satire of science as of yet unexplored by scholars: namely, the disdain it expresses for empirical philosophers’ investment in tactility. Unlike most scholarship on the new science and empiricism, which emphasizes Enlightenment vision, this article identifies touch as central to the discourse of empiricism in eighteenth-century Britain.
Designing and Undrawing Veils: Anxiety and Authorship in Radcliffe’s The Italian
Authors: Warren Andrew
Published: November 2013

This essay examines several competing “allegories of authorship” at play in Ann Radcliffe’s The Italian (1797) against the novel’s generic, political and philosophical contexts. Specifically, the novel seeks alternatives to the “demonic” model of authorship, established at the conclusion of Lewis’s The Monk (1796), wherein an author’s work is conflated with the diabolical “plots” and “designs” of her characters. In The Italian, a key alternative to this model of Gothic authorship comes in the protagonist’s tranquil and self-sufficient “veil of retirement” that nurtures her “genius” for “designs… both in drawing and embroidery.” These allegories of authorship prompt Radcliffe’s sustained engagements with and revisions of Burkean and Kantian aesthetic and moral theories.
The Legendary John Howard and Prison Reform in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Chapman David W.
Published: November 2013

A review of The Curious Mr Howard, Legendary Prison Reformer by Tessa West Tessa West carefully documents Howard’s efforts in reforming the prisons in England, and throughout Europe, and also provides insight into his enigmatic character. She balances the hagiographic information that was circulated by early biographers with a realistic depiction of Howard’s successes and failures.
Indexing the Indecorous in the Life and Work of William Hogarth
Authors: Mannheimer Katherine
Published: November 2013

A review of Bernd Krysmanski's Hogarth's Hidden Parts (Georg Olms, 2010)
The Register of The School’s Probation, 1607, from The Merchant Taylors’ School, London
Authors: Hanson Elizabeth
Published: November 2013

This essay analyses an early seventeeth century English “grade book,” the register in which the Headmaster and Ushers of the Merchant Taylors’ School, London, recorded the thrice annual testing of the boys in the school in order to demonstrate the boys’ progress and their own diligence in teaching to the Merchant Taylors’ Company, which founded and maintained the school. The school was the largest of the Elizabethan grammar schools, in which boys were systematically taught Latin grammar and rhetoric from the ages of the seven to seventeen. The institution was thus a robust forerunner of the modern school which dominates childhood. The analysis looks at what happened to the boys who were in the first form in 1607, the year the register begins, and reflects on what a document like this can tell us about the experience of schooling and schools as institutions.
Children and Youth Participation in Transitional Justice Processes
Authors: Ladisch Virginie
Published: November 2013

The impact of conflict and human rights violations have long been felt by children and youth, however, it is only in the past decade that this segment of the population has risen into focus in processes of transitional justice. With its origins in the transitions to democracy that took place in Latin America in the 1980s, the field of transitional justice focuses on the challenge that societies face in dealing with a legacy of mass abuse. Through a combination of approaches—notably truth commissions, reparations, trials, and institutional reform—transitional justice aims to provide recognition to victims and foster civic trust on the path towards long-term objectives of facilitating respect for rule of law, democracy, and a stable peace. Within the work of the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), factors from two very different contexts, Sierra Leone and Canada, discussed below, pointed out the need to pay greater attention to children and youth and to fashion effective strategies for including children while at the same time protecting them from trauma associated with revisiting an abusive past.
The Right to Claim: Children and Youth Workers in Labor Court at the Time of The Civil-Military Dictatorship (Southwestern Bahia, Brazil)
Authors: Dos Santos José Pacheco
Published: November 2013

The Labor History, from the 1970s, began to contemplate new themes, such as childhood and youth, and more recently for its development, one made use of the new sources, for instance the lawsuits of Labor Court which have revealed important aspects of the history of workers. Labor lawsuits allow the inventory of data on the child labor, and they reveal the conflicts between minors (current term in the documentation and the laws of the period for ranging the children and adolescents) and their employers in the workplace, and so the extent of these conflicts to the courts. The reports of underage worker about their experiences in the labor market expose abuses and inhumane conditions of survival. However their presence in Labor Justice shows these young workers, more than passive victims, were active subjects of history, and they did not hesitate in recording their daily life, their expectations, and their conflicts with employers in the lawsuits.
Reading Historically/Reading Selectively: The Bostonians in the Century , 1885–1886
Authors: Hochman Barbara
Published: November 2013

When The Bostonians appeared in the Century in thirteen installments (February 1885-February 1886) it stirred little interest. The silence was “deathly,” James wrote. Restoring The Bostonians to its initial publication context enables us to reconstruct reading strategies and cultural preoccupations that explain the negative reception of the novel. With the “romance of reunion” thriving in the mid-1880s, public discourse avoided the prospect of intractable sectional division. Yet acrimonious sectional feeling pervades The Bostonians , particularly the portrait of Basil. James’s representation of gender, slavery, war, and national reconciliation challenged conventions of discourse for controversial issues that post-Reconstruction readers preferred to avoid.
James as Magician: Deception and the Moment of Truth
Authors: Nemerov Alexander
Published: November 2013

By what magic does a writer create a picture in a reader’s eye? James, wanting to create “a state of hallucination” in the reader, imagined himself a conjuror. This essay examines how James achieved one of his most marvelous and improbable tricks: the revelation of Chad and Madame de Vionnet to Lambert Strether, as they appear to him boating in the countryside in The Ambassadors . My purpose, however, is not to dissuade or debunk James’s magic but to praise the truth he allows us to envision. Contrived by all his arts, his trick is to reveal the falsehood of Chad and Madame de Vionnet, to lay bare their deception in a moment of truth, and thereby to give a moral fable, worthy of Hawthorne himself, about human deceit.
The Greatest Gift: On the Ecstasy of Reading in “The Beast in the Jungle”
Authors: O’Hara Daniel T.
Published: November 2013

This article compares how William H. Gass in The Tunnel and Henry James in “The Beast in the Jungle” conceive romantic love as the means of access to the creative power of the imagination, thereby continuing in their own revisionary ways ancient traditions of spiritual knowledge. In this context, both “positive” and “negative” experiences become prompts to the ecstasy of reading, that self-destroying knowledge’s fatal grip on human life, at least as James herein dramatizes.
“A Savage Feast They Made of It”: John Adams and the Paradoxical Origins of Federal Indian Policy
Authors: Usner Daniel H.
Published: November 2013

When it comes to early U.S. leaders’ ideas and actions toward Indian nations, those of John Adams remain relatively unexplored. By closely examining Adams’s relationship with American Indians—more intermittent and marginal in his own thinking when compared with Washington and Jefferson—this essay identifies a set of paradoxes important for understanding the complicated origins of American Indian policy. The Massachusetts politician’s apprehension over warfare with Indian nations peaked during the Revolution, yet his face-to-face contact with Indian people during those years evoked a mix of curiosity, delight, and admiration. Adams wrote much less about Indians than did other early national leaders, but most of his printed references to them are found in nothing less than his major writing about government. As first vice-president of the United States, Adams rather silently witnessed the creation of Indian policy during the Washington Administration. His own presidential administration nevertheless benefited significantly from what had been accomplished during those formative years. Although Adams expressed relatively little interest in the origins and customs of American Indians, he did plenty to embed them deeply within the founding generation’s contrived rationale for American independence from Great Britain. This last paradox is crucial for understanding inconsistencies in U.S. Indian policy as well as shortcomings in historical writing about early U.S.-Indian relations.
The Maine and Missouri Crisis: Competing Priorities and Northern Slavery Politics in the Early Republic
Authors: Mason Matthew
Published: November 2013

Historians’ standard narrative arc of sectional politics from the Missouri Crisis of 1819-1821 through the Civil War – a tale of recurring and increasingly polarizing sectional conflicts – has enormous benefits, but also encourages a uniform picture of the political impact in the North of debates centered on slavery. In this rendering, Northern politicians who voted for compromise with the South (“doughfaces”), being at least functionally proslavery, suffered at the hands of an antislavery electorate whenever slavery formed the subject of national debates. But taking doughfaces seriously shows that their popularity ebbed and flowed across space and time depending on the priority voters assigned to slavery amongst the mix of political questions vying for their attention. Indeed, looking at the Missouri Crisis from the Maine point of view necessitates a change in something as fundamental as this episode’s name. The local dynamics of the struggle allowed Maine’s doughfaces to negotiate their stance from a position of strength that most doughfaces did not enjoy. This essay not only sheds light on aspects of well-known events in American history – from the Missouri Crisis in general to Jefferson’s famous “firebell” letter in specific – but also offers a case study meant to exemplify the advantages of attention to particular Northern sub-regions and states. Moreover, by attending as much to the middle ground as to the diverging sectional poles in their study of slavery debates, scholars will come to a more complete understanding of the complexity of the United States’ politics of slavery.
Northern Horse: American Eclipse as a Representative New Yorker
Authors: Johnson Paul E.
Published: November 2013

The New York racehorse American Eclipse (1814-1847) defeated the southern horse Henry in a much-publicized race in 1823. The race consisted of three four-mile heats run at half-hour intervals. New Yorkers were particularly proud of having beaten southern speed with northern power and stamina. This essay explains why Eclipse was big and powerful, and why New Yorkers thought that size and strength (and not elegance and speed) were the qualities of both a good racehorse and a good horse.

Eclipse was closely related to New York’s conversion to horsepower—improved roads and the adoption of horse farming, and thus a huge increase in the proportion of New Yorkers who had horses in their lives. Eclipse descended from New York’s best line of trotting horses, and his owner was a horse dealer. He sired road horses for two years, he appeared at cattle shows, and he was surrounded by newspapers, a racing association, and agricultural societies that talked of improving the general run of horses. When southerners attacked his pedigree, New Yorkers defended him in the language of progress, utility, and agricultural reform.

American Eclipse was an artifact of “improvement.” He was simultaneously a crafted, useful material object, an emblem of progress, the focus of new kinds of risk, play, and public spectacle, and an affront to the South. In short, he (literally) embodied much of what was happening in New York in the 1820s.
Studying Britten: The Current Landscape of Published Britten Scholarship
Authors: Manton Jonathan
Published: November 2013

With Britten's centenary celebrations comes the publication of a plethora of new research resources, now available to the Britten scholar. These include not only print, audio, and audiovisual publications, but also recent online initiatives, notably the Britten Thematic Catalogue , published this year. The past ten years have witnessed a significant advance in Britten scholarship, with many offering entirely new perspectives on Britten's life and work. They offer a candor previously unknown to Britten publications, often discussing the more delicate side of the composer's nature and its impact on his work, notably demonstrated by the loss-of-innocence theme that dominates many of the operas. This article seeks to examine the current state of published Britten scholarship as displayed in the ever-growing number of multiformat research resources produced in the past ten years. It investigates key publications leading to the present which have altered the general discourse on Britten, notably New Perspectives (Lucy Walker), Britten's Children (John Bridcut), and the Britten Thematic Catalogue , which now provides scholars with unique access to the full extent of Britten's output, including the composer's juvenile efforts.
Buñuel's Eschatological Avant-Garde: Las Hurdes and Indexical Realism
Authors: Nadal-Melsió Sara
Published: November 2013

Through an examination of Luís Buñuel's 1933 documentary Las Hurdes , this essay engages and expands on the notion of indexical realism. The film signals Buñuel's distancing from orthodox surrealism in favor of a politically complex examination of the region of Las Hurdes as a national and ethnographical commonplace. The argument hinges on Buñuel's use of the absolute and impossible perspective of the hurdanos. Through his use of an eschatological avant-gardism, he catches a glimpse of the Real, as a radical expression of exteriority. Las Hurdes emerges as a paradigmatic example of a revolutionary form of ontological cinema that contains a theory of non-mimetic referentiality. Indexical realism refers here to an understanding of realism that is not concerned with representation or mimesis but with the ability to point deictically, as an index, to a reality that is necessarily outside the realm of representation. Thus the target of Buñuel's indexical realism is not representation but presence. Representation is only its byproduct, which often takes the form of an interruption of presence. Indexical realism hints at the exteriority of presence through discontinuities and ruptures of semblance. Politically, Las Hurdes emerges from this discussion as an expression of fidelity to the radical otherness of the hurdano event, the exteriority of their death, which in turn becomes the index that validates the film as a political gesture. Buñuel's indexical realism thus stands as an ethical and aesthetic counterpart to the restrained political action that would occupy Spanish intellectuals during the 1930s.
La imagen novelesca
Authors: Arce Rafael
Published: November 2013

This paper focuses on the problem of the image in Juan José Saer's narrative. The corpus constitutes a phase of his work that deliberately experiments with procedures associated with the French Nouveau Roman. Considering this connection, this reading rejects the interpretations of the novelistic image as dependent on the "importation" of procedures typical of film narratives. The "Saerian" novel deals with the statute of a verbal image that cannot be reduced to the visual, neither be merely interpreted in terms of "poetic prose." The unraveling of this image may open a new way to deconstruct the critical opposition that divides the reading of this novel into two irreconcilable sides: one dealing with the narrative in tension with the conventions of literary realism (where the image is visual or sensory perceptual), and another which considers the "poetic" level of the prose (where the image is a mere trope).
The Politics of Renouncing Zaragoza in Don Quijote 2.59: Cervantine Irony Framed by Plato, Aristotle, Pedro Simón Abril, and Juan de Mariana
Authors: Graf Eric C.
Published: November 2013

There is an uncanny political realism to Don Quijote's constant longing for Aragón. The Castilian Cortes system allowed representation by the three traditional medieval estates: the nobility, the clergy, and the townships. By contrast, a distinguishing feature of the Aragonese system was its quaternary structure. As in Castile, the Aragonese assembly included the clergy, the townships, and the high nobility, but it also included the low nobility, the so-called "infanzones," who were directly analogous to the "hidalgos" of Castile. Much has been made of the tragicomic tone of Cervantes's novel as a reflection of the agonizing decay of the social status of the hidalgo caste in late sixteenth-century Castile; but the author's choice of Zaragoza as the ultimate endpoint for his knight's final sally makes the story even more poignant given the fact that a man like Alonso Quijano would have had some degree of actual political representation at the Aragonese Cortes. From this more tangible political perspective, Don Quijote's aborted drive toward the Ebro is doubly ironic: a rejection of Philip II's repressive invasion of 1591 performed by a member of the very caste that should have most identified with the Zaragozan nobility fighting in defense of their constitutional rights.
"Cadáveres que transitan a las semillas": State Violence and the Aporia of Alicia Partnoy's Poetry
Authors: Michelson Seth
Published: November 2013

Argentina, where she was abducted at gunpoint from her home at noon on 12 January 1977 by uniformed members of the Army representing the military dictatorship of General Jorge Rafael Videla. She was subsequently incarcerated and brutalized for almost three years, yet no charges were ever filed against her. Nor was she ever formally accused of any crime, named in any court documents, informed of being a political prisoner, or court-martialed. Instead, she was held indefinitely and without a writ of habeas corpus via the unconstitutional protocol of the dictatorship. In short, to invoke the lexicon of the period, she had become a "desaparecida." Partnoy was in fact one of an estimated 30,000 such "desaparecidos," or disappeared people, from the genocide in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, during which time the dictatorship attempted to consolidate its autocratic domination of Argentina by kidnapping, torturing, and/or murdering its supposed opposition. In response to that violence, Partnoy writes what is proposed herein as a "poetry of reemergence," meaning a poetry using genre-specific tropes, forms, and figures to enact the symbolic reemergence of the disappeared for their reintroduction into multidirectional meaning systems in the present. In this manner, Partnoy's poetry importantly introduces a paradoxical "present absence" to post-transition and mnemonic discourses in national and transnational literary and public imaginaries, which not only reconceives cultural production concerning torture and genocide, but also contests and ruptures dictatorial and postdictatorial discourses and historiographies.
Caracterização das praias de Navegantes e Itajaí (SC) em relação às características sedimentológicas e composição dos minerais leves (quartzo e feldspato)
Authors: Heidrich Caio , De Abreu José Gustavo Natorf
Published: November 2013

This study collected sand samples at Navegantes and Itajaí beaches during all seasons of the year, and used the staining technique to determine the quartz/feldspar ratio (R(Q/F)). This parameter can be used to measure the maturity of sedimentary deposits. Samples were collected and the beach profile was measured at Gravatá, Meia-Praia, Navegantes Jetty; Atalaia, Cabeçudas and Praia Brava (3 profiles: Morcego, Salva-Vidas and Amores) at Itajaí. The staining technique was used to diferentiate between sediments that were visually similar but with different mineralogical composition. Using this technique it is possible to distinguish both due to a colored precipitate on the feldspars when exposed to a specific reagent. The results showed that dissipative beaches (Navegantes and Atalaia) were composed by thin, better selected and well rounded sediments, with a greater value of R(Q/F). Reflective (Cabeçudas) and intermediate beaches (Brava) were composed of medium sand, moderately selected and rounded, with lower values of R(Q/F). On the shoreface zone the sediment doesn’t suffer much weathering, being more coarse, not rolled, and with greater concentration of feldspars. This high concentration is due to the aquatic transport which is not predominant on the foreshore and the backshore that show aeolian transport. Higher values of R(Q/F) occurred during fall and spring, lower values during winter and summer. The staining technique proved to be an effective method for distinguishing quartz and feldspars. The amount of quartz found was much higher than feldspars, reiterating that beaches are sandy environments with mature sediments.
Estrutura populacional e biologia reprodutiva do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller,1862) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) em um estuário da região nordeste do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Freire Julliany Lemos , Marques Cleide Barbosa , Silva Bianca Bentes
Published: November 2013

This study aimed to investigate the abundance, population structure and reproductive characteristics (size at first maturity and spawning time) of the Amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, captured in northeast Pará, Brazil. This fishing resource is economically important in the area. M. amazonicum was abundant in the region during the study period (August/08 to July/09), especially in the Curral Velho community. During the rainy season however, there was an accentuated decrease in abundance of this resource. Morphometric relationships that presented allometric negative growth showed a larger increment in growth in cephalotorax and carapace length compared to other body structures. The angular coefficient (b), observed in biometric regressions indicated a negative allometry growth in both sexes, showing that individuals grow considerably faster relative to their biomass increment. According to the size at first maturity found in this study, a minimum capture size of 12mm for females and 12.5mm for males, is recommended.
Erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus: results of epidemiological monitoring
Authors: Rozhivanov Roman Viktorovich , Suntsov Yury Ivanovich , Kurbatov Dmitriy Gennad'evich
Published: November 2013

Aim. Screening for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study included 611 patients with type 1 (n=276) and 2 (n=335) diabetes mellitus. The control group comprised 70 patients.The methods used were a questionnaire survey, HbA1c measurement, evaluation of renal and cardiovascular function, examination of ocularfundus, lower extremities and genital organs. Differences were considered significant at p
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of clinical efficiency of combined metformin (Siofor) - insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demidova I Yu , Gorokhova T V , Belousov Yu B , Belousov D Yu
Published: November 2013

Aim. To assess expedience of metformin combination with long-acting insulin, determine optimal doses of metformin for patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (DM2), and accomplish pharmacoeconomic analysis of clinical efficiency of various therapeutic modalities. Materials and methods. Patients with decompensated DM2 (n=126) were under observation for 1 year during which they received rational hypoglycemictherapy with metformin and long-acting insulin (LAI) at bedtime, with the dose being titrated until the desired level of glycemic control wasachieved. The patients were randomly allocated to the following 3 groups: group 1 (sulponylurea derivatives (SUD), LAI, and metformin at a doseof 1000 mg b.i.d.), group 2 (SUD, LAI, and metformin at 500 mg b.i.d.), group 3 (SUD and LAI). In case of postprandial glycemia >9 mmol/l at amaximum dose of SUD, it was replaced by short-acting insulin. Cost-effectiveness analysis of different therapeutic regimes was performed. Results. The cost of examination and treatment of patients given SUD and LAI in combination with metformin at a daily dose of 2000 mg to achievethe desired quality of glycemic control was lower compared with two other groups. Moreover, this therapy was most efficacious and ensured the desiredlevel of glycemic control in a greater number of patients. Cost-effectiveness analysis confirmed advantages of this treatment. Conclusion. Combined hypoglycemic therapy with SUD, LAI, and metformin (200 mg daily) has the advantage of lowest cost and maximum efficiencycompared with other modalities.
Motor-evacuation disturbance of the upper digestive tract as a manifestation of autonomous neuropathyin patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Leytes Yu. G. , Nevmerzhitsky V. I. , Klefortova Inna I.
Published: November 2013

AIMS: To elucidate the prevalence of delayed gastroduodenal transit in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) compared with controls havingunaffected carbohydrate metabolism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 159 DM1 patients and 128 ones with symptoms of dyspepsia and normal carbohydrate metabolism. The presenceof food remains in the stomach after the 12-hour fast (detected by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy) was regarded as a delay of gastroduodenal transit.

RESULTS: In a group of DM1 patients, 13.70% of the cases had endoscopically confirmed delay of food evacuation from the stomach. No signs of gastroparesiswere documented in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: Certain patients with DM1 suffer a marked impairment of gastroduodenal transit (13.7% of the cases in the present study). This disorderaffects the time of onset of carbohydrate absorption. Therefore, such patients need their mealtimes to be chosen on an individual basis.
Possibilities of combined surgical treatment of pyonecrotic lesions in the neuroischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Mitish Valeriy Afanas'evich , Eroshkin I A , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Doronina Lyudmila Petrovna , Paskhalova Yu S , Eroshenko A V , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: November 2013

Aim. To present results of combined surgical treatment of the ischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome complicated by pyonecrotic process. To show thatthe use of modern diagnostic tools and the choice of adequate treatment strategy permits to substantially reduce the number of above-the-knee amputations. Materials and methods. A total of 140 patients with diabetes mellitus and critical ischemia of lower extremities were under observation during 2004-2008.All of them had purulent and/or necrotic foot lesions. The patients were examined by X-ray, computed and magneto-resonance tomography of the feet,duplex scanning of lower leg vasculature, transcutaneous measurement of PO2, pelvic and lower leg arterial angiography. Results. A strategy of surgical treatment was developed to be used depending on the patients health status, clinical features and severity of pyonecroticprocesses in the foot, and the degree of involvement of the main blood vessels of lower extremities. Conclusion. Combination of endovascular surgery with various methods for plastic wound closure permits to extend the range of possibilities for the treatmentof high-risk patients, such as those with pyonecrotic lesions and neuroischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome. This approach opens up prospects fora significant decrease of percentage of above-the-knee amputations and improves the quality of life in these patients.
Adherence to medicamentous therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of patient questionnaires
Authors: Surkova Elena Viktorovna , Melnikova Olga Georgievna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To assess the frequency and character of non-compliance with medicamentous therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the results of a questionnaire study. Materials and methods. A special qiuestionnaire form was filled by 745 patients (232 men) of mean age 60.3?10.4 years, duration of the disease 6.4?5.5 years and mean HbA1c level 7.7?1.1%. Results. 52.8% of the patients reported non-compliance with medication. The most frequent profile of non-compliance was the change of time and occasional omission of therapeuticdoses (42.7 and 42.2% respectively), the main cause being mere forgetfulness (71.2%). Other factors (30.8%) included poor understanding of medication schedule andfears of health hazard from the following of medical advice. Patients to whom monotherapy with glibomet was prescribed (n=277) showed a lower non-compliance rate and lowerHbA1c level despite the intake of fewer daily doses than patients taking other oral hypoglycemic agents (7.0?1.0 vs 7.3?1.3%, p
Effect of homocysteinemia on the development of diabetic nephro- and retinopathy in adolescents
Authors: Shutskaya Zh V , Bashnina E B , Mochkin O V , Dubinina T A , Tryasova T Yu
Published: November 2013

Aim. To consider homocysteinemia in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM1) as an independent risk factor of diabetic nephro- and retinopathy (DN and DR). Materials and methods. Twenty nine adolescents (19 girls and 10 boys) with DM1 were examined. DN and DR were diagnosed in conformity with medical aid standards for DM1patients. Plasma homocysteine level was measured by IEA. Results. Plasma homocysteine level in DN patients was higher (6.4?1.6, n=10) than in DR group (5.3?1.7, n=9) and controls (5.6?1.8, n=10). Patients of all study groups werecomparable in terms of age, DM duration, and HbA1c level. Conclusion. Plasma homocysteine level in DN patients was higher than in DR and control groups. It gives reason to consider this parameter as an independent risk factor alongwith some others in pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathies (in the first place, nephropathy). Adolescents with DM1 and elevated plasma homocysteine level need additionalcorrection by specific medicines.
Prospects for therapy aimed at restoring the beta-cell pool in patients with diabetes mellitus (review of the literature)
Authors: Peterkova Valentina Alexandrovna , Laptev Dmitriy Nikitich
Published: November 2013

The authors review results of evaluation of possibility, safety and prospects of regenerative therapy aimed at restoring beta-cell pool in diabetes mellitus. A detailed analysis of sources of new beta-cells is presented, reparation mechanisms and factors contributing to regeneration are discussed.
Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of neonatal diabetes mellitus (review of the literature)
Authors: Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Emel'yanov Andrey Olegovich
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus detected within the first 6 months of life is termed neonatal diabetes. Two its forms, permanent and transient, differ in the durationof insulin dependence. The review contains data on mechanisms underlying this pathology and its specific clinical features.