bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Affinity-Based Proteomic Technologies for Large-Scale Plasma Profiling in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Smith J. Gustav , Gerszten Robert E.
Published: April 2017

Plasma biomarkers that reflect molecular states of the cardiovascular system are central for clinical decision making. Routinely used plasma biomarkers include troponins, natriuretic peptides, and lipoprotein particles, yet interrogate only a modest subset of pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease. Systematic profiling of a larger portion of circulating plasma proteins (the plasma proteome) will provide opportunities for unbiased discovery of novel markers to improve diagnostic or predictive accuracy. In addition, proteomic profiling may inform pathophysiological understanding and point to novel therapeutic targets. Obstacles for comprehensive proteomic profiling include the immense size and structural heterogeneity of the proteome, and the broad range of abundance levels, as well. Proteome-wide, untargeted profiling can be performed in tissues and cells with tandem mass spectrometry. However, applications to plasma are limited by the need for complex preanalytical sample preparation stages limiting sample throughput. Multiplexing of targeted methods based on capture and detection of specific proteins are therefore receiving increasing attention in plasma proteomics. Immunoaffinity assays are the workhorse for measuring individual proteins but have been limited for proteomic applications by long development times, cross-reactivity preventing multiplexing, specificity issues, and incomplete sensitivity to detect proteins in the lower range of the abundance spectrum (below picograms per milliliter). Emerging technologies to address these issues include nucleotide-labeled immunoassays and aptamer reagents that can be automated for efficient multiplexing of thousands of proteins at high sample throughput, coupling of affinity capture methods to mass spectrometry for improved specificity, and ultrasensitive detection systems to measure low-abundance proteins. In addition, proteomics can now be integrated with modern genomics tools to comprehensively relate proteomic profiles to genetic variants, which may both influence binding of affinity reagents and serve to validate the target specificity of affinity assays. The application of deep quantitative proteomic profiling to large cohorts has thus become increasingly feasible with emerging affinity methods. The aims of this article are to provide the broad readership of
Circulation
with a timely overview of emerging methods for affinity proteomics and recent progress in cardiovascular medicine based on such methods.
Berteroa physocarpa (Brassicaceae), a new species from NW Turkey based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU SIRRI , AL-SHEHBAZ IHSAN A. , YÜZBAŞIOĞLU ELİF , DALYAN EDA
Published: April 2017

Berteroa physocarpa, a new species from the subalpine-alpine zone (1600−2200 m) of northwest Anatolia, is described and illustrated. It shares with the other species of Berteroa 2n=16 and morphologically is readily distinguished from them by having distinctly inflated fruit with glabrous valves. Sequences of nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were used to determine the relationship of Berteroa species using maximum likelihood methods. The phylogenetic results confirmed the recently established systematic history of Berteroa and also supported the recognition of this new species.
Behuria lumiarensis (Melastomataceae), a new species on a mountaintop of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: BOCHORNY THUANE , MICHELANGELI FABIAN A. , GOLDENBERG RENATO
Published: April 2017

We describe and illustrate Behuria lumiarensis, a new species from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It has been collected only once in montane vegetation in the Municipality of Nova Friburgo. The new species can be recognized by the combination of leaf blades with adaxial surface covered with sessile glands and abaxial surface moderately covered with stalked glands only on the veins, hypanthium sparsely covered with stalked glands, a large calyx tube with narrow sepals that are not apiculate in the apex, small petals, and glabrous ovary apex.
Type studies confirm that Perenniporia subacida and its four varieties are synonyms
Authors: WANG ZHENG-HUI , WU ZI-QIANG , ZHAO CHANG-LIN
Published: April 2017

Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, previously known as Polyporus subacidus Peck (Peck 1885), causes a serious wood rot disease in tropical and temperate forests (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Dai et al. 2002, Decock & Stalpers 2006, Zhao et al. 2013, Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Peck (1885) described this taxon with four varieties, Polyporus subacidus var. stalactiticus Peck, P. subacidus var. tenuis Peck, P. subacidus var. tuberculosus Peck and P. subacidus var. vesiculosus Peck based on different hosts and this species has been transferred into several genera, Poria Pers., Chaetoporus P. Karst, Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk and Perenniporia Murrill (Saccardo 1888, Bondartsev & Singer 1941, Parmasto 1961, Donk 1967).
Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region
Authors: CALDER DALE R.
Published: April 2017

Two new species of hydroids, Eudendrium bleakneyi and Halecium praeparvum, are described from the Bay of Fundy. Fourteen others, Tubularia acadiae Petersen, 1990, Coryne pusilla Gaertner, 1774, Sarsia lovenii (M. Sars, 1846), Zanclea implexa (Alder, 1856), Corydendrium dispar Kramp, 1935, Rhizogeton fusiformis L. Agassiz, 1862, Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863), Rhizorhagium roseum M. Sars, in G.O. Sars, 1874, Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus Buss & Yund, 1989, Eudendrium vaginatum Allman, 1863, Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835), Obelia bidentata S.F. Clark, 1875, Halecium marsupiale Bergh, 1887, and Sertularella gigantea Hincks, 1874, are reported, with collection data, for the first time from the bay. All but Coryne pusilla, Rhizorhagium roseum, Eudendrium vaginatum, and Sertularella gigantea are also new to Atlantic Canada, while Zanclea implexa, Corydendrium dispar, and Halecium marsupiale are reported for the first time in the western North Atlantic. Two of those species, Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus and Obelia bidentata, are disjunct in distribution, with core populations occurring in warmer waters to the south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Both were discovered in Minas Basin, a hydrographically distinct embayment where surface water temperatures are much warmer during summer than in the perpetually cold lower Bay of Fundy. Rhizorhagium roseum and the subfamily Rhizorhagiinae are transferred from family Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850 to Pandeidae Haeckel, 1879. An annotated checklist of hydroids from the Fundy region, based on previously published reports and on new records of species, is added as an appendix. Included in the checklist are 43 species of anthoathecates and 75 species of leptothecates, referable to 30 families and 56 genera. Families with the most species were Sertulariidae (23), Haleciidae (13), Eudendriidae (11), and Obeliidae (10). Biogeographically, the aggregate hydroid fauna of the bay conforms with that occurring in other parts of the Western Atlantic Boreal Region. Halecium permodicum is proposed as a replacement name for Halecium minor Fraser, 1935, an invalid junior homonym of H. minor Pictet, 1893.
Terrain-Trapped Airflows and Orographic Rainfall along the Coast of Northern California. Part I: Kinematic Characterization Using a Wind Profiling Radar
Authors: Valenzuela Raul A. , Kingsmill David E.
Published: April 2017

This study develops an objective method of identifying terrain-trapped airflows (TTAs) along the coast of Northern California and documenting their impact on orographic rainfall. TTAs are defined as relatively narrow air masses that consistently flow in close proximity and approximately parallel to an orographic barrier. A 13-winter-seasons dataset is employed, including observations from a 915-MHz wind profiling radar along the coast at Bodega Bay (BBY, 15 m MSL) and surface meteorology stations at BBY and in the coastal mountains at Cazadero (CZD, 478 m MSL). A subset of rainy hours exhibits a profile with enhanced vertical shear and an easterly wind maximum in the lowest 500 m MSL, roughly the same depth as the nearby coastal terrain. Both flow features have a connection to TTAs along the coast of Northern California. Based on the average orientation (320°–140°) and altitude of nearby topography, mean wind direction in the lowest 500 m MSL () between 0°–140° is used as the initial criterion to identify TTA conditions. Application of this threshold yields a CZD/BBY rainfall ratio of 1.4 (3.2) for TTA (NO TTA) conditions. More detailed analysis of the relationship between and orographic rainfall reveals that an upper threshold of 150° more precisely divides the TTA and NO-TTA regimes. A sensitivity analysis and comparison with a TTA documented in a previous case study show that the best TTA identification criteria correspond to with a duration of at least 2 h. This objective identification method is applied to seven case studies in Part II of the present study.
Modelling the effect of temperature on the probabilistic stress–life fatigue diagram of glass fibre–polymer composites loaded in tension along the fibre direction
Authors: Cormier Laurent , Joncas Simon
Published: April 2017

Predicting the fatigue performance of composites has proven to be a challenge both conceptually, due to the inherent complexity of the phenomenon, and practically, because of the resource-intensive process of fatigue testing. Moreover, mechanical behaviour of polymer matrix composites exhibits a complicated temperature dependence, making the prediction of fatigue performance under different temperatures even more complex and resource intensive. The objective of this paper is to provide a method for the prediction of fatigue life of glass–polymer composites loaded in the fibre direction at various temperatures with minimal experimental efforts. This is achieved by using a static strength degradation approach to fatigue modelling, where only two parameters (including static strength) are temperature dependent, in conjunction with relationships for these two fatigue model parameters temperature dependence. The method relies on fatigue data at a single temperature and simple static tests at different temperatures to predict the effects of temperature on the material’s fatigue behaviour. The model is validated on experimental data for two unidirectional and one woven glass–epoxy composites and is found to accurately predict the effect of temperature on fatigue life of composites. A method to obtain probabilistic stress-life [Formula: see text] fatigue diagrams including temperature effects is also presented.
‘My eucharist to the people of District 11’
Authors: Bloomfield Jem
Published: April 2017

The imagery of bread in The Hunger Games provides an opportunity to read the novel within a Christian tradition alert to themes of suffering, sacrifice and solidarity. This article examines how the novel ‘re-enchants’ bread as both a site of ideological conflict and potential social healing, and draws out how this relates to the book’s place within consumer capitalism and young adult fiction. It also considers how a Christian interpretation might connect to current tensions around inclusion and identity.
Interactive Effects of Obvious and Ambiguous Social Categories on Perceptions of Leadership: When Double-Minority Status May Be Beneficial
Authors: Wilson John Paul , Remedios Jessica D. , Rule Nicholas O.
Published: April 2017

Easily perceived identities (e.g., race) may interact with perceptually ambiguous identities (e.g., sexual orientation) in meaningful but elusive ways. Here, we investigated how intersecting identities impact impressions of leadership. People perceived gay Black men as better leaders than members of either single-minority group (i.e., gay or Black). Yet, different traits supported judgments of the leadership abilities of Black and White targets; for instance, warmth positively predicted leadership judgments for Black men but dominance positively predicted leadership judgments for White men. These differences partly occurred because of different perceptions of masculinity across the intersection of race and sexual orientation. Indeed, both categorical (race and sex) and noncategorical (trait) social information contributed to leadership judgments. These findings highlight differences in the traits associated with leadership in Black and White men, as well as the importance of considering how intersecting cues associated with obvious and ambiguous groups moderate perceptions.
Meeting Report of the XIV International Small Bowel Transplant Symposium: Summary of Presentations, Workshops, and Debates From a Comprehensive Meeting on Intestinal Failure, Rehabilitation, and Transplantation, Buenos Aires, Argentina, June 10–13, 2015
Authors: Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Fernandez Adriana , Burghardt Karolina M. , Nowakowski Scott , Kaufman Stuart S. , Pascher Andreas , Florescu Diana , Ruiz Phillip , Vianna Rodrigo , Clarke Sara , Oltean Mihai , Rumbo Martin , Mazariegos George , Sudan Debra L. , Farmer Douglas G.
Published: April 2017

The 2015 meeting of the Intestinal Transplant Association was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This was the 14th International Small Bowel Transplant Symposium, and it was the first meeting organized as a joint venture of the Transplantation Society, the Intestinal Transplant Association, and the Argentinean Transplant Society (Sociedad Argentina de Trasplantes). Innovative aspects of the classic meeting format included workshops sessions, debates, and multicenter studies. This report highlights the most prominent scientific contributions and results of the first such symposium in a Latin American country.
Changes in older couples’ compassionate love over a year
Authors: Sabey Allen K. , Rauer Amy J.
Published: April 2017

Although compassionate love has been identified as a key characteristic of healthy relationships, it is unknown how it changes over time. Thus, both self- and spouse-reported compassionate love toward a spouse were assessed from a sample of 64 older married couples to begin to understand the course of compassionate love and to identify predictors of potential changes over a 1-year period. In contrast to prior theoretical and cross-sectional work, results indicated that compassionate love modestly declined over two waves spaced approximately 17 months apart. Although health was largely unrelated to compassionate love, wives’ attachment avoidance emerged as a consistent, negative predictor of compassionate love for both husbands and wives. These preliminary findings raise some concern for older spouses as they transition into more caregiving roles, as the need for compassionate love is theorized to be greater later in life. Future research should focus on replicating these findings in more diverse samples of older adults to capture how compassionate love develops amid the unique challenges associated with aging.
Effect of motor rotor eccentricity on aerostatic spindle vibration in machining processes
Authors: Wu Quanhui , Sun Yazhou , Chen Wanqun , Chen Guoda , Bai Qingshun , Zhang Qingchun
Published: April 2017

In ultra-precision machining field, the air motorized spindle which is composed of a motor and an air bearing, plays a major role. In air motorized spindle, the motor eccentricity between the stator and the rotor is inevitably introduced during the manufacturing process, which directly affects the machining results of workpiece surface, and this phenomenon is particularly unwanted in machining. However, little attention has been paid to the motor eccentricity of air motorized spindle. In this paper, a new integrated electromechanical coupling method for estimating unbalanced force in air motorized spindle is presented, and the effects of motor rotor eccentricity on surface topography in ultra-precision processes are analyzed. An electromagnetic-mechanical method is used to study the coupling effects between the motor rotor and the aerostatic spindle. Meanwhile, the motor rotor and the aerostatic spindle are analyzed as a whole. In order to clearly describe the electromagnetic–mechanical method, the ultra-precision spindle for potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal machining tool is selected as the research object, and the model of air motorized spindle and motor rotor eccentricity are presented. Besides, in order to assess the impact of the radial magnetic force caused by motor rotor eccentricity on the spindle performance, a range of rotor eccentricities is calculated. Additionally, the influence of the motor rotor eccentricity on the dynamic response of spindle is further analyzed. It is found that motor rotor eccentricity has a significant influence on the spindle vibration, which dramatically reduces the processing quality. Finally, the machining experiments are carried out, and the flatness errors of the workpiece caused by the motor rotor eccentricity are obtained by the wavelet method. The experimental results are consistent with the analysis results, which verifies the reliability of this method. This study is quite meaningful for deeply understanding the influence of motor rotor eccentricity on the machined surface.
The sirens’ call in psychometrics: The invariance of IRT models
Authors: Asún Rodrigo A. , Rdz-Navarro Karina , Alvarado Jesus M.
Published: April 2017

The idea that item response theory (IRT) models yield invariant parameter estimates is widely accepted among scholars interested in achieving truly scientific measurements in social and behavioral sciences. Starting from a conceptual and mathematical definition of invariance, this article presents a critical examination of the theoretical and empirical support for the property of invariance with regard to populations and samples of items and subjects by means of simulated data. The distinction between internal and external invariance is introduced to clarify the meaning and limitations of invariance in IRT models. Furthermore, the consequences of “giving in to the sirens’ call” of achieving invariant measurements in behavioral sciences are also discussed.
The distributed parameter model of hydraulic axial piston motor and its application in hydraulic excavator swing system
Authors: Gao Youshan , Huang Weinan , Quan Long , Lan Yuan , Huang Jiahai
Published: April 2017

Hydraulic axial piston motor is one of the fundamental components in hydraulic systems; it is widely used in engineered machine, especially in high-power drive or reciprocating motion, such as hydraulic excavator. For hydraulic axial piston motor efficient planning, in addition designing and controlling are required for system operating safety and efficiency. Simulation delivers an advantage over analytical approaches and allows better understanding of the motor performance. For multi-piston hydraulic motor, one of the simulation methods, distributed parameter model, could analyze the detailed performance in each piston chamber. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the characteristics of hydraulic axial piston motor by setting up a distributed parameter model based on physical prototype, which includes mechanical–hydraulics coupling process. The effects of the dynamic pressure inside the piston chamber, the fluidic compressibility and other related parameters are considered in the coupling process. At the same time, the distributed parameter model of hydraulic axial piston motor was used in the simulation model of hydraulic excavator. The results indicate that in two-way hydraulic axial piston motor, the valve plane should adopt symmetrical structure, and silencing groove set should be put on both ends of the valve plane slots, which could reduce pressure ripple and overshoot in the piston chamber. Furthermore, the torque characteristics are highly affected by the clearance between the piston and the cylinder bore. Through this research, we may have a better understanding about the mechanism of output torque fluctuation in hydraulic axial piston motor, and the pressure ripple and overshoot in the piston chamber due to through-flow area discontinuity between the silencing groove and the ends of the valve plane slots. The model is verified using a nine-piston hydraulic motor in hydraulic excavator.
Exertional Heat Illness Among Secondary School Athletes
Authors: Rodgers Jill , Slota Peggy , Zamboni Beth
Published: April 2017

Exertional heat illness (EHI) is a leading cause of preventable death among student athletes. While causes and preventative measures for EHI are known, school districts may not be implementing evidence-based practices. This descriptive, exploratory study explored school policies, resources, and practices of coaches in a mid-Atlantic state in the prevention and identification of EHI; 397 responded. Ninety-three percent knew of EHI, but only 52% scheduled acclimatization. Coaches reporting a heat emergency plan (56%) were significantly more likely to follow other evidence-based recommendations: altering equipment ( p < .0001, odds ratio [ OR] = 2.53), monitoring environment ( p < .0001, OR = 2.56), providing acclimatization ( p < .0001, OR = 2.50), having athletic trainers at practices ( p < .0001, OR = 4.75), and believed that they could handle the emergency until EMS arrival ( p < .001, OR = 2.48). School districts should comply with evidence-based guidelines. School nurses play a key role in education, developing emergency plans and training coaches in first aid.
Comparison of Renal Anastomosing Hemangiomas in End-Stage and Non–End-Stage Kidneys: A Meta-Analysis With a Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Berker Neslihan Kayisoglu , Bayram Aysel , Tas Serap , Bakir Baris , Caliskan Yasar , Ozcan Faruk , Kilicaslan Isin , Ozluk Yasemin
Published: April 2017

Background. Renal anastomosing hemangioma (RAH) is a very rare distinct entity composed of anastomosing sinusoidal (spleen-like) capillary-sized vessels lined by flat or hobnail endothelial cells. Most of the published cases of RAH occurred in the setting of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods. We present 2 cases of RAH in ESRD along with a literature review. We compared clinicopathologic features of RAHs in end-stage and non–end-stage kidneys. A meta-analysis was conducted with PubMed and a manual search through references of relevant publications. Individual patient data gathered from the literature were used in the analysis. Results. Our systematic review revealed 49 RAHs, including our 2 cases. Thirty-two (65.3%) cases were in ESRD, only 17 (34.7%) were in patients with non-ESRD. RAHs in ESRD were in younger patients, smaller in size, multifocal, and seen more with renal epithelial neoplasms when compared with RAHs in non-ESRD ( P < .05). Extramedullary hematopoiesis was seen mostly in RAHs in ESRD kidneys (85% vs 41.7%) ( P = .018). Follow-up data were available for 25 cases with a mean follow-up of 24.58 ± 38.54 months. Recurrence, metastasis, or death have never been described related to RAH in any patients. Conclusions. In conclusion, RAHs are rare and mostly arise in kidneys with end-stage damage. RAHs in ESRD and non-ESRD differ in terms of clinicopathologic features.
Young people, online fandom and the perils of child pornography legislation in Australia
Authors: McLelland Mark
Published: April 2017

In 1971 the editors of Oz magazine were prosecuted for obscenity in a London courtroom for their infamous ‘School Kids Issue’, almost the entire contents of which had been created by a team of young people. In today’s Web 2.0 environment, similar kinds of content to that featured in the magazine is created by young people and made ubiquitous on fan websites. In particular ‘manips’ (manipulated images) of all kinds of pop culture heroes from boy band members to characters from Harry Potter are inserted into pornographic contexts. Whereas in the 1970s it was obscenity legislation that was used to restrict this form of cultural commentary, today child pornography legislation can be used to capture this content. I argue that changes to child pornography laws across the western world in the last two decades have resulted in the capture of even fictional images that are or may only ‘appear to be’ a person under the age of 18, rendering some aspects of online youth culture problematic. The ‘juridicial discourse’ that increasingly collapses a complex range of cultural representations into the category of child pornography is a cause for concern for all academics working on online youth cultures and for the young people involved.
A report of two years of pre-hospital blood transfusions by Thames Valley Air Ambulance
Authors: Raitt James E , Norris-Cervetto Edward , Hawksley Oliver
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Thames Valley Air Ambulance have carried two units of red blood cells on board both the aircraft and rapid response car since 2014.

Methods

A retrospective database narrative review of patients receiving blood was carried out.

Results

Data were analysed for 63 patients, the age range was 13 years to 89 years and 74.6% were male. Blunt trauma was the mechanism of injury in 84%. Overall, 16% of patients died at scene, 32% died either in the Emergency Department or as a hospital inpatient and 52% survived to discharge. There were no survivors from traumatic cardiac arrest who received blood products. Injury Severity Scores (ISS) ranged from 4 to 75, and 95% of the patients for whom data were available had an Injury Severity Scores greater than 15.

Discussion

Patients who received pre-hospital blood transfusions were overwhelmingly those with high Injury Severity Scores and the majority who survived to hospital received additional blood products on arrival. This suggests that our pre-hospital blood transfusions were correctly targeted to severely injured patients who had a need for blood transfusion in hospital.
Topographies of the afterlife: Reconsidering infant burials in medieval mortuary space
Authors: Hausmair Barbara
Published: April 2017

Across societies, deaths which take place in early infancy often trigger distinctive responses in burial practices, signifying the ambivalent social status of those who died before they really lived. This paper focuses on burial practices in medieval Central Europe pertaining to children who died before, during or shortly after birth. It discusses the relationship between medieval laity, ecclesiastic power and social space, using three medieval cemeteries in Switzerland and Austria as examples. By integrating considerations of medieval practices of infant baptism, afterlife topography and social theories of space, a methodological and interpretative framework is outlined and employed for approaching burials of early-deceased infants, the social dimension of related local burial practices, and processes of power negotiation between medieval laypeople and church authorities.
Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Using Sodium [18F]Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Rats and Humans
Authors: Choi Hongyoon , Han Jeong Hee , Lim Sue Yeon , Lee Inki , Cho Young-Seok , Chun Eun Ju , Lee Won Woo
Published: April 2017

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using sodium [18F]fluoride (Na[18F]F) has been proven to be a promising hot-spot imaging modality for myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated Na[18F]F uptake in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) of rats and humans. Sodium [18F]fluoride PET/CT was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats that had IRI surgery, and it readily demonstrated prominent Na[18F]F uptake in the infarct area post-IRI. Sodium [18F]fluoride uptake was matched with negative 2,3,5-triphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium chloride staining results, accompanied by myocardial apoptosis and associated with positive calcium staining results. Furthermore, area at risk was negative for Na[18F]F uptake. Cyclosporine A (CysA) treatment reduced standardized uptake value of 18F over the infarct area, and a significant decrease in infarct size was also observed by the CysA treatment. In humans, Na[18F]F PET/CT readily demonstrated increased Na[18F]F uptake in the 2 patients with MI post-percutaneous coronary intervention. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential utility of Na[18F]F PET/CT as a hot-spot imaging modality for myocardial IRI.
Restenosis after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Dai Zhengze , Xu Gelin
Published: April 2017

As a common etiology for ischemic stroke, atherosclerotic carotid stenosis has been targeted by vascular surgery since 1950s. Compared with carotid endarterectomy, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is almost similarly efficacious and less invasive. These advantages make CAS an alternative in treating carotid stenosis. However, accumulative evidences suggested that the long-term benefit-risk ratio of CAS may be decreased or even neutralized by the complications related to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Therefore, investigating the mechanisms and identifying the influential factors of ISR are of vital importance for improving the long-term outcomes of CAS. As responses to intrinsic and extrinsic injuries, intimal hyperplasia and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation have been regarded as the principle mechanisms for ISR development. Due to the lack of consensus-based definition and consistent follow-up protocol, the reported incidences of ISR after CAS varied widely among studies. These variations made the inter-study comparisons of ISR largely illogical. To eliminate restenosis after CAS, both surgery and endovascular procedures have been attempted with promising results. For preventing ISR, drug-eluting stents and antiplatelets have been proposed as potential solutions.
Choice of ANesthesia for EndoVAScular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a randomized controlled (CANVAS) trial
Authors: Peng Yuming , Li Yan , Jian Minyu , Liu Xiaoyuan , Sun Jian , Jia Bo , Dong Jia , Zeng Min , Lin Nan , Zhang Li , Gelb Adrian W. , Chan Matthew TV , Han Ruquan
Published: April 2017

Background

Observational studies indicate that the type of anesthesia, local or general, may be associated with the post-procedural neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment. However, these results need further confirmation, and the causal relationship has not yet been established.

Methods

This is a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Permuted block randomization stratified by culprit vessels will be used. Six hundred and forty patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular recanalization will be randomized one to one to receive either general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin scale at 90 days after endovascular treatment. The secondary endpoints are the peri-procedural mortality and morbidity.

Discussion

The study aims to determine the effects of anesthetic choice on neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intra-arterial recanalization. If the results are positive, the study will indicate that the type of anesthesia does not affect neurological outcome after endovascular treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02677415
How cosmopolitanism reduces conflict: A broad reading of Kant’s third ingredient for peace
Authors: Caranti Luigi
Published: April 2017

Kant’s theory of peace has been reinterpreted under one of the most influential research programs of our times: The so-called democratic peace theory. In particular, the third ingredient of Kant’s “recipe” for peace —the cosmopolitan right to visit—has been recognized as a powerful and effective instrument to reduce militarized interstate conflicts. In the hands of political scientists, however, this ingredient has often become nothing more than a set of rules for securing and facilitating international trade and economic interdependence. This article argues that this narrow reading mistakes international trade as the essence of the third definitive article. Kant sees economic interdependence as a means to realize what cosmopolitan right is truly about, that is, the affirmation of a set of rules for protecting humans qua humans, the creation of communal bonds among individuals beyond national or group loyalties, and the promotion of a global moral conscience modeled on the natural rights of man. An accurate understanding of cosmopolitan right is essential to avoid the popular - yet mistaken - idea that Kant sees progress towards peace as possible without individuals’ and peoples’ moral progress.
A Hostile Sports Media?
Authors: Kim Youngju , Billings Andrew C.
Published: April 2017

This study examines how perceptions of a story can be altered simply by manipulating the reported winner or loser of a sports contest as well as how individual perceptions of a sports story change when the story is written by a perceived in-group (home nation) versus a perceived out-group (opposing nation). Using a combination of social identity, self-categorization, and hostile media theories, this experimental research aids the understanding of the role nationalism plays in how audiences respond to media gatekeepers from different nations. Results from 219 American participants revealed that the effect of nationalism strength on hostile media perception is greater when the national team loses than when a team wins a game. In addition, the interaction effect of nationalism and game results on the news bias perception is greater when the news is reported in a foreign newspaper than in a domestic newspaper.
Does Physiological Stress Slow Down Wound Healing in Patients With Diabetes?
Authors: Razjouyan Javad , Grewal Gurtej Singh , Talal Talal K. , Armstrong David G. , Mills Joseph L. , Najafi Bijan
Published: April 2017

Background:

Poor healing is an important contributing factor to amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Physiological stress may slow wound healing and increase susceptibility to infection.

Objectives:

The objective was to examine the association between heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of physiological stress response and healing speed (HealSpeed) among outpatients with active DFUs.

Design and Methods:

Ambulatory patients with diabetes with DFUs (n = 25, age: 59.3 ± 8.3 years) were recruited. HRV during pre–wound dressing was measured using a wearable sensor attached to participants’ chest. HRVs were quantified in both time and frequency domains to assess physiological stress response and vagal tone (relaxation). Change in wound size between two consecutive visits was used to estimate HealSpeed. Participants were then categorized into slow healing and fast healing groups. Between the two groups, comparisons were performed for demographic, clinical, and HRV derived parameters. Associations between different descriptors of HRV and HealSpeed were also assessed.

Results:

HealSpeed was significantly correlated with both vagal tone ( r = –.705, P = .001) and stress response ( r = .713, P = .001) extracted from frequency domain. No between-group differences were observed except those from HRV-derived parameters. Models based on HRVs were the highest predictors of slow/fast HealSpeed (AUC > 0.90), while models based on demographic and clinical information had poor classification performance (AUC = 0.44).

Conclusion:

This study confirms an association between stress/vagal tone and wound healing in patients with DFUs. In particular, it highlights the importance of vagal tone (relaxation) in expediting wound healing. It also demonstrates the feasibility of assessing physiological stress responses using wearable technology in outpatient clinic during routine clinic visits.
Safety, Performance, and Satisfaction Outcomes in the Operating Room: A Literature Review
Authors: Joseph Anjali , Bayramzadeh Sara , Zamani Zahra , Rostenberg Bill
Published: April 2017

Objective:

This review of empirical literature focuses on the design of operating rooms (ORs) by investigating the physical environmental features of ORs associated with patient and staff outcomes.

Background:

Many ORs built more than 30 years ago remain operational today. However, most are inadequately designed to handle the equipment, processes, and people that a contemporary OR needs to accommodate. However, the evidence base for designing ORs has been sorely lacking, and little guidance exists on how OR design can improve safety and performance outcomes.

Method:

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the university’s linked databases. The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles that reported some aspect of the physical environment of ORs along with outcomes. The study included empirical studies as well as nonempirical best practice papers.

Results:

This literature review uncovered 211 articles. The main themes that emerged include OR design-related factors, ventilation, temperature and humidity, acoustical environment, lighting, and materials. Some environmental threats to patient safety in the OR include frequent door openings, clutter, poor air quality, surface contamination, and noise. Further, staff performance and satisfaction were impacted by factors such as the OR layout and equipment and furniture ergonomics.

Conclusion:

This literature review provides an overview of the research organized into design-focused topic areas to support decision-making by architects and designers. This article highlights gaps in the research and identifies areas where best practice and design assumptions need to be evaluated using rigorous design research.
Diagnosis, management and mortality in acute aortic syndrome: results of the Spanish Registry of Acute Aortic Syndrome (RESA-II)
Authors: Evangelista Arturo , Rabasa José Manuel , Mosquera Victor X , Barros Antonio , Fernández-Tarrio Ruben , Calvo-Iglesias Francisco , Ferrera Carlos , Rozado Jose , López-Ayerbe Jordi , Garrote Carmen , San román Jose-Alberto , Nistal Francisco , Sanchez Violeta , García Robles Jose-Antonio , Valera Francisco , Ballester Carlos , Gil-Albarova Oscar , Domínguez Francisco , Vivancos Ricardo , Mateo-Martinez Alicia , Gallego Pastora , González-Molina Mercedes , Fernández-Golfin Covadonga , Josa Miguel , Hurlé Aquilino , Rodríguez-Sanchez Ibon , Rodríguez-Palomares Jose
Published: April 2017

Background:

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute aortic syndrome should improve the outcome of this disease. The Spanish Registry of Acute Aortic Syndrome aimed to assess current results in acute aortic syndrome management in a wide cohort of hospitals in the same geographical area.

Methods:

From January 2012 to January 2014, 26 tertiary hospitals included 629 consecutive patients with acute aortic syndrome: 73% men, mean age 64.7±14 years (range 22–92), 443 type A (70.4%) and 186 type B (29.6%).

Results:

Time elapsed between symptom onset and diagnosis was <12 hours in 70.7% of cases and <24 hours in 84.0% (median 5 hours; 25th–75th percentiles, 2.7–15.5 hours). Computed tomography was the first diagnostic technique in 78% of patients and transthoracic echocardiography in 15%. Surgical treatment was indicated in 78.3% of type A acute aortic syndrome. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 4.8 hours (quartile 1–3, 2.5–11.4 hours). Among the patients with type B acute aortic syndrome, treatment was medical in 116 cases (62.4%), endovascular in 61 (32.8%) and surgical in nine (4.8%). Type A mortality during hospitalisation was 25.1% in patients treated surgically and 68% in those treated medically. Mortality in type B was 13.8% in those with medical treatment, 18.0% with endovascular therapy and 33.0% with surgical treatment.

Conclusion:

Improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of acute aortic syndrome have not resulted in a significant reduction in hospital mortality. The results of this study reflect more overall and less selected information on acute aortic syndrome management and the need for sustained advances in the therapeutic strategy of acute aortic syndrome.
Setting New Directions for Research in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: Results From a National Workshop
Authors: Samuel Susan M. , Takano Tomoko , Scott Shannon , Benoit Genevieve , Bitzan Martin , Mammen Cherry , Ryan Laurel , Morgan Catherine ,   the Canadian Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome Project Team, Arora Steven , Beanlands Heather , Benoit Geneviève , Bifsha Panojot , Bitzan Martin , Dart Allison , Eddy Allison , Erickson Robin , Feber Janusz , Filler Guido , Geier Pavel , Grisaru Silviu , Haddad Elie , Mammen Cherry , Midgley Julian , Morgan Catherine , Muruve Daniel , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Parekh Rulan , Pinsk Maury , Ryan Laurel , Samuel Susan M. , Scott Shannon , Takano Tomoko , Tee James , Wade Andrew , Zappitelli Michael , Schreuder Michiel
Published: April 2017

Background:

We report on the proceedings of a national workshop held in Canada with the aims to identify priorities for research in childhood nephrotic syndrome and to develop a national strategy to address these priorities.

Methods:

A diverse group of participants attended the meeting, including patients, family members, researchers, and health care providers. We used small group discussions to explore priorities as perceived by patients and families and by health care providers and researchers.

Results:

Research evaluating glucocorticoid minimization or glucocorticoid-sparing regimens was a consistent theme in the patient and family discussion group. Families also indicated the need for precise prognostic information at diagnosis, more information to help them choose the best available therapy, and more resources for disease management. Health care providers emphasized the importance of better disease characterization including genotyping and phenotyping patients, better understanding the pathogenesis, and the need of providing targeted therapy and precise prognostic information.

Conclusions:

These priorities will inform the development and future directions of the Canadian Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome (CHILDNEPH) project, a national research initiative to improve care and outcomes of patients with childhood onset nephrotic syndrome.
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Stage I to IIIA Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology/Cancer Care Ontario Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Kris Mark G. , Gaspar Laurie E. , Chaft Jamie E. , Kennedy Erin B. , Azzoli Christopher G. , Ellis Peter M. , Lin Steven H. , Pass Harvey I. , Seth Rahul , Shepherd Frances A. , Spigel David R. , Strawn John R. , Ung Yee C. , Weyant Michael
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The panel updated the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) adjuvant therapy guideline for resected non–small-cell lung cancers.

Methods

ASCO convened an update panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature, investigating adjuvant therapy in resected non–small-cell lung cancers.

Results

The updated evidence base covered questions related to adjuvant systemic therapy and included a systematic review conducted by Cancer Care Ontario current to January 2016. A recent American Society for Radiation Oncology guideline and systematic review, previously endorsed by ASCO, was used as the basis for recommendations for adjuvant radiation therapy. An update of these systematic reviews and a search for studies related to radiation therapy found no additional randomized controlled trials.

Recommendations

Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended for routine use in patients with stage IIA, IIB, or IIIA disease who have undergone complete surgical resections. For individuals with stage IB, adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is not recommended for routine use. However, a postoperative multimodality evaluation, including a consultation with a medical oncologist, is recommended to assess benefits and risks of adjuvant chemotherapy for each patient. The guideline provides information on factors other than stage to consider when making a recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy, including tumor size, histopathologic features, and genetic alterations. Adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended for patients with stage IA disease. Adjuvant radiation therapy is not recommended for patients with resected stage I or II disease. In patients with stage IIIA N2 disease, adjuvant radiation therapy is not recommended for routine use. However, a postoperative multimodality evaluation, including a consultation with a radiation oncologist, is recommended to assess benefits and risks of adjuvant radiation therapy for each patient with N2 disease. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/lung-cancer-guidelines and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Significance of Optimization of Phospholipid Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Quantity for Coating Carbon Nanohorns to Achieve Low Cytotoxicity
Authors: Nakamura Maki , Tahara Yoshio , Fukata Shinsuke , Zhang Minfang , Yang Mei , Iijima Sumio , Yudasaka Masako
Published: April 2017

In biological studies, phospholipid poly(ethylene glycol) (PLPEG) is used to disperse nanocarbons, which effectively reduces the macrophage uptake of nanocarbons. Single-walled carbon nanohorn (CNH), a type of nanocarbon, was dispersed with PLPEG in this study, and the effect of PLPEG quantity on the cytotoxicity of PLPEG-CNH in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages was revealed. The results were compared with the macrophage uptake quantity of PLPEG-CNH or agglomeration size of PLPEG-CNH. It is concluded that the optimum PLPEG:CNH weight ratio was 0.5:1 and 1:1. At the higher or lower ratios, the PLPEG-CNH toxicity and the macrophage uptake quantity increased and large agglomerates appeared. These tendencies at the lower PLPEG:CNH ratio were caused by the CNHs surfaces not being sufficiently well covered by PLPEG. The tendency at the higher PLPEG:CNH ratio was curious, for which we deduced that PLPEG adsorbed on CNHs was detached to form micelles, leading to the reappearance of the CNHs not well covered with PLPEG.
Development of Neighboring Electrophilic Activation of Active Center in Catalytic Reactions via Organometallic Intermediates
Authors: Endo Kohei
Published: April 2017

Strategies for electrophilic activation by neighboring atoms should contribute to the development of novel catalytic performance in organic reactions. Neighboring electron-withdrawing Lewis acidic atoms can change the character of molecular catalysts, which might be more electrophilic toward inactive electron-rich molecules. In this context, the development of carbene intermediates, diborylmethane derivatives, and multinuclear catalysts has realized efficient transformations. The use of cyclopropenes can generate electrophilic carbenoid intermediates in the presence of a Ag-catalyst, the reaction of which with an organozinc reagent gives allylzinc intermediates. The subsequent allylation reaction of other electrophiles takes place in situ as a 3-components coupling reaction. The novel reactivity of diborylmethane derivatives shows the generation of borate intermediates under ambient conditions, which can take part in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The mono-coupling reaction occurs exclusively without di-coupling reaction to give alkylboronates. The stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenylboronates was successful via the deprotonation of diborylalkanes, subsequent nucleophilic attack to ketones, and syn-elimination. The development of multinuclear catalysts using phosphorous ligands bearing protic moieties has realized efficient stereoselective 1,4-addition reaction of organozinc and organoaluminum reagents, where the creation of chiral quaternary stereogenic centers using acyclic enones is notable.