bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critique et mémoire : les romanciers et l’histoire du roman
Authors: Daunais Isabelle
Published: July 2019

À quoi tient l’attachement des romanciers, ou en tout cas d’un grand nombre d’entre eux, à l’histoire et à la mémoire de leur art ? D’où vient qu’il traverse et souvent motive le vaste ensemble des commentaires qu’ils consacrent au roman ? Au tournant des xixe et xxe siècle, cet attachement renvoie aussi bien à la réussite du roman comme genre majeur de la littérature (réussite qui impose de trier et de tracer des chemins dans une production toujours plus abondante) qu’au fait que la mémoire du roman est plus fragile que celle des autres genres et des autres arts. Genre sans règles et sans modèle fixe, le roman exige, pour être reconnu, qu’on se souvienne de ce qu’il a été, effort qui nécessite plus de soin et d’attention dans un contexte de renouveau esthétique tel que l’a été, pendant toute sa durée, le xxe siècle. Mais l’attachement des romanciers à l’histoire et à la mémoire du roman tient aussi à ce que ce dernier a partie liée à l’expérience de la durée et de la transformation, que les récits qui sont les siens sont toujours, d’une façon ou d’une autre, des récits du temps qui s’écoule et fait son oeuvre.
Changer les règles sans changer le métier : l’art du roman de Huysmans
Authors: Biron Michel
Published: July 2019

Huysmans annonce la « crise du roman » décrite par Michel Raimond et cette rupture est d’autant plus fortement ressentie que Huysmans avait embrassé le credo naturaliste avec plus d’enthousiasme que quiconque. Mais l’auteur d’En ménage et d’À rebours, les deux romans examinés ici, rompt sans rompre, comme s’il cherchait moins à renouveler le genre qu’à manifester le fait qu’il arrive après le triomphe du réalisme. Tel est le drame de Huysmans : il arrive après. Il a beau changer les règles du roman, le métier reste le même, dépourvu toutefois de l’élan propre à ceux qui ont marqué un demi-siècle de réalisme triomphant. Le combat a déjà eu lieu. Chaque personnage de Huysmans le sait, et c’est en quelque sorte cette lucidité résignée qui leur donne une réelle présence, comme le dira Houellebecq dans Soumission. La nouveauté de Huysmans apparaît ainsi paradoxalement dans le fait qu’il est le premier romancier de l’après-roman.
L’héritage français et européen du roman italien des années 1960 : un rendez-vous manqué
Authors: Benaglia Cecilia
Published: July 2019

Cet article étudie la place du roman étranger dans le champ littéraire italien, avec l’objectif de cerner les raisons expliquant l’intérêt que les romanciers associés à la Neoavanguardia portent aux travaux de leurs contemporains européens, et en particulier français. Dans une première partie, nous portons notre attention sur l’un des « événements » littéraires des années 1960, à savoir l’importation en Italie du Nouveau Roman. La deuxième partie de l’étude est consacrée au cas de l’écrivain Alberto Arbasino et à l’essai Certi romanzi qu’il publie en 1964. L’approche critique d’Arbasino relativement à divers modèles littéraires se comprend à la lumière de la situation historique de sa génération et permet d’interroger le rapport de celle-ci avec l’héritage romanesque européen.
« En tout cas, la question formelle est secondaire » : Michel Houellebecq et l’art du roman
Authors: Parenteau Olivier
Published: July 2019

Cet article est consacré à l’étude d’un vaste ensemble de textes écrits par Michel Houellebecq entre 1991 et 2016 dans lesquels l’écrivain s’exprime sur l’art du roman. Que ce soit dans son essai H.P. Lovecraft. Contre le monde, contre la vie, dans ses chroniques rassemblées en deux volumes d’Interventions, dans le cadre d’entrevues, dans des préfaces, dans les pages de sa correspondance avec Bernard-Henri Lévy ou directement dans son oeuvre romanesque (et plus particulièrement dans ses deux romans les plus ouvertement métatextuels, à savoir Extension du domaine de la lutte et La carte et le territoire), Houellebecq a développé un discours sur le roman qui est demeuré étonnamment stable à travers le temps, le romancier ne manquant jamais une occasion de rappeler sa prédilection pour les formes dites « traditionnelles » du roman — et n’hésitant pas à affirmer, non sans désir de polémiquer, que par rapport à ce genre, aucune véritable révolution esthétique n’a eu lieu depuis Balzac. De plus, Houellebecq attache beaucoup d’importance à la création de personnages vraisemblables et psychologiquement complexes sans qui il lui serait impossible d’interroger les phénomènes du monde réel, auxquels toute son oeuvre est consacrée.
Feedback centré sur une facette de la performance et pression financière interne dans le cadre de la réalisation d’une tâche complexe : une étude dans les hôpitaux publics français
Authors: Georgescu Irène , Augé Bernard , Grima François , Naro Gérald
Published: July 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre l’impact du feedback centré sur une évaluation partielle de la performance sur la pression financière perçue dans le cadre d’une tâche complexe. S’appuyant sur une étude quantitative menée sur 578 praticiens hospitaliers dans 14 Centres hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU), notre recherche démontre que le feedback centré sur la mesure partielle de la performance est associé à la perception d’une pression financière interne. Ces résultats pointent l’intérêt d’évaluer la performance d’une tâche dans ses multiples dimensions.
RSE, management responsable et isomorphisme institutionnel : une analyse à partir des résultats d’une enquête internationale
Authors: Ben Rhouma Amel , Koleva Petia , Schaltegger Stefan
Published: July 2019

Cet article a pour objectif de fournir une grille d’analyse d’inspiration institutionnaliste permettant de comprendre les raisons des convergences / divergences constatées dans les stratégies RSE de grandes entreprises appartenant à onze pays de l’OCDE, avec un focus sur le cas français en guise d’illustration. Les données analysées proviennent d’une enquête internationale nommée « International Corporate Sustainability Barometer », conduite en 2012. Les résultats du baromètre permettent de mettre en évidence un lien étroit entre l’isomorphisme de type coercitif et l’adoption d’une stratégie RSE dans les entreprises de notre échantillon international. Le cas français témoigne d’un isomorphisme coercitif particulier.
Informations environnementales publiées dans le document de référence : quel impact sur les cours boursiers ? Une étude longitudinale sur le CAC 40 (2008-2013)
Authors: de Séverac Béatrice , Guinchard-Nascimento Julia
Published: July 2019

Les informations délivrées par l’entreprise sur les aspects environnementaux de son activité sont-elles prises en compte par les investisseurs ? Cet article vise à montrer que la communication d’informations environnementales provoque une réaction boursière. L’étude porte sur les groupes faisant ou ayant fait partie du CAC 40 de 2008 à 2013. Son originalité est de tester le pouvoir informationnel de la communication environnementale sur la base des 30 items environnementaux du Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), sur une longue période et pour les mêmes entreprises. Les résultats confirment que le contenu environnemental des informations communiquées par l’entreprise est tout aussi valorisé par les investisseurs que les informations financières.
Trayectoria y retos profesionales de mujeres en Jalisco (México) y Quebec (Canadá): semejanzas y diferencias
Authors: Genin Émilie , Ocampo Lourdes
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación compara los factores que favorecen u obstaculizan el desarrollo laboral de mujeres de la región de Quebec (Canadá) y el estado de Jalisco (México), a través de un enfoque cualitativo. Las entrevistas a profundidad hicieron posible identificar los efectos e interacciones de diversos factores en tres niveles de análisis: nacional, organizacional e individual. Se discuten las diferencias encontradas en relación con las estrategias de balance trabajo-familia impulsadas por las políticas gubernamentales propias de cada región y las similitudes en los aspectos organizacionales que favorecen la progresión de carrera de las mujeres.
Validation of COI metabarcoding primers for terrestrial arthropods
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Braukmann Thomas WA , Ivanova Natalia V , Prosser Sean WJ , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Wright Michael , Zakharov Evgeny V , Hebert Paul DN , Steinke Dirk
Published: July 2019

Metabarcoding can rapidly determine the species composition of bulk samples and thus aids ecosystem assessment. However , it is essential to use primer sets that minimize amplification bias among taxa to maximize species recovery. Despite this fact, the performance of primer sets employed for metabarcoding terrestrial arthropods has not been sufficiently evaluated. Thus this study tests the performance of 36 primer sets on a mock community containing 374 species. Amplification success was assessed with gradient PCRs and the 21 most promising primer sets selected for metabarcoding. These 21 primer sets where also tested by metabarcoding a Malaise trap sample. We identified eight primer sets, mainly those including inosine and/or high degeneracy, that recovered more than 95% of the species in the mock community. Results from the Malaise trap sample were congruent with the mock community, but primer sets generating short amplicons produced potential false positives. Taxon recovery from the 21 amplicon pools of the mock community and Malaise trap sample were used to select four primer sets for metabarcoding evaluation at different annealing temperatures (40-60 Co) using the mock community. Temperature did only have a minor effect on taxa recovery that varied with the specific primer pair. This study reveals the weak performance of some primer sets employed in past studies. It also demonstrated that certain primer sets can recover most taxa in a diverse species assemblage. Thus there is no need to employ several primer sets targeting the same amplicon. While we identified several suited primer sets for arthropod metabarcoding, the primer selection depends on the targeted taxonomic groups, as well as DNA quality, desired taxonomic resolution, and sequencing platform employed for analysis.
Critical roles of ARHGAP36 as a signal transduction mediator of Shh pathway in lateral motor columnar specification
Authors: Nam Heejin , Jeon Shin , An Hyejin , Yoo Jaeyoung , Lee Hyo-Jong , Lee Soo-Kyung , Lee Seunghee
Published: July 2019

During spinal cord development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), secreted from the floor plate, plays an important role in the production of motor neurons by patterning the ventral neural tube, which establishes MN progenitor identity. It remains unknown, however, if Shh signaling plays a role in generating columnar diversity of MNs that connect distinct target muscles. Here, we report that Shh, expressed in MNs, is essential for the formation of lateral motor column (LMC) neurons in vertebrate spinal cord. This novel activity of Shh is mediated by its downstream effector ARHGAP36, whose expression is directly induced by the MN-specific transcription factor complex Isl1-Lhx3. Furthermore, we found that AKT stimulates the Shh activity to induce LMC MNs through the stabilization of ARHGAP36 proteins. Taken together, our data reveal that Shh, secreted from MNs, plays a crucial role in generating MN diversity via a regulatory axis of Shh-AKT-ARHGAP36 in the developing mouse spinal cord.
Scenarios of availability of water due to overexploitation of the aquifer in the basin of Laguna de Santiaguillo, Durango, Mexico
Authors: Corral-Bermudez María de Lourdes , Sánchez-Ortiz Eduardo , Álvarez-Bernal Dioselina , Gutiérrez-Montenegro Martín Omar , Cassio-Madrazo Erika
Published: July 2019

Background

The importance of water to life is unquestionable. Most of the fresh water we use for daily activities comes from the aquifers, which in many cases due to misuse are overexploited and at risk. This article studies the aquifer that appeared in Laguna de Santiaguillo basin; it should be noted that the most important economic activity in the basin is agriculture.

Methods

By analyzing vector and demographic information, using GIS and with some field trips, the impact and risk on the level of disposition in every micro-basin that forms the basin were determined.

Results

The different modeling scenarios demonstrate that the basin and sub-basins that conform Santiaguillo are overexploited.

Discussion

The volumes concessioned are of such magnitude that they generate a condition of vulnerability to the activities of the basin and sustain the overexploitation conditions of the aquifer.
Molecular characterization of bacterial leaf streak resistance in hard winter wheat
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sai Mukund , Sidhu Jagdeep Singh , Ali Shaukat , Kaur Navjot , Wu Jixiang , Sehgal Sunish K.
Published: July 2019

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused byXanthomonas campestris pv. translucensis one of the major bacterial diseases threatening wheat production in the United States Northern Great Plains (NGP) region. It is a sporadic but widespread wheat disease that can cause significant loss in grain yield and quality. Identification and characterization of genomic regions in wheat that confer resistance to BLS will help track resistance genes/QTLs in future wheat breeding. In this study, we evaluated a hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) containing 299 hard winter wheat lines from the US hard winter wheat growing region for their reactions to BLS. We observed a range of BLS responses among the lines, importantly, we identified ten genotypes that showed a resistant reaction both in greenhouse and field evaluation. ­Genome-wide association analysis with 15,990 SNPs was conducted using an exponentially compressed mixed linear model. Five genomic regions (p < 0.001) that regulate the resistance to BLS were identified on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS. The QTLsQ.bls.sdsu-1AL, Q.bls.sdsu-1BS,Q.bls.sdsu-3AL,Q.bls.sdsu-4AL, andQ.bls.sdsu-7ASexplain a total of 42% of the variation. In silico analysis of sequences in the candidate regions on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS identified 10, 25, 22, eight, and nine genes, respectively with known plant defense-related functions. Comparative analysis with rice showed two syntenic regions in rice that harbor genes for bacterial leaf streak resistance. The ten BLS resistant genotypes and SNP markers linked to the QTLs identified in our study could facilitate breeding for BLS resistance in winter wheat.
Growth and Yield Response of Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application
Authors: Nasrin Shamima , Al-Amin Muhammad , Mabud A. K. M. Golam , Sani Md. Nasir Hossain
Published: July 2019

The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period  December, 2014 to March 2015 to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous on the growth and yield of bush bean. The two factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatment was comprised of two factors- Factor A: levels of nitrogen i) 0 kg/ha, ii) 20 kg/ha, iii) 40 kg/ha and Factor B: levels of phosphorous (P2O5) – i) 0 kg/ha, ii) 50 kg/ha, iii) 75 kg/ha, iv) 100 kg/ha. The results revealed that most of the growth and yield contributing parameters were significantly influenced by the different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous application. The maximum promotive effect on growth and yield of bush bean was associated with 40 kg N/ha and 75 kg P2O5/ha. Again their combined application enhanced maximum vegetative growth and with higher pod yield and seed yield. Therefore, application of 40 kg N/ha with 75 kg P2O5/ha can be conductive for bush bean cultivation in Bangladesh with higher yield.
Magnetic Field‐Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2 Crystals with Different Carrier Concentrations
Authors: Wang Honghui , Luo Xigang , Peng Kunling , Sun Zeliang , Shi Mengzhu , Ma Donghui , Wang Naizhou , Wu Tao , Ying Jianjun , Wang Zhengfei , Chen Xianhui
Published: July 2019

The magneto‐thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in crystals of the topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 with different carrier concentrations is studied. The ZTs for all the crystals increase with the temperature and show maxima at high temperatures. Meanwhile, the temperatures corresponding to the ZT maxima increase with the carrier concentration. The limit to the improvement in ZT(T) at high temperature could be related to the unusual large enhancement in thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. The bipolar effect and Dirac liquid behavior are presented as processes possibly responsible for the peculiar behavior of the thermal conductivity. Applying a transverse magnetic field initially leads to a dramatic enhancement and, subsequently, to a slight reduction in ZT for all the crystals. The maximum ZT achieved in a magnetic field increases with the carrier concentration and reaches 1.24 at 450 K in a magnetic field of 9 T for the crystal with the highest carrier concentration. It is expected that this work will be beneficial to the current interests in optimizing the thermoelectric properties of quantum topological materials.
Sublimation‐Vapor Phase Pseudomorphic Transformation of Template‐Directed MOFs for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Jiyi , Zhuang Peiyuan , Ge Yuancai , Chu Hang , Yao Luyin , Cao Yudong , Wang Zengyao , Chee Mason Oliver Lam , Dong Pei , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: July 2019

Using vapor phase transformation to synthesize template‐directed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) shows great promise as an approach to avoid the shortcomings of solution‐based strategies. However, among current research, either the products are confined to zeolitic imidazolate frameworks or the conversion technologies are limited to complex processes such as chemical vapor deposition. Here, a well‐designed sublimation‐vapor phase pseudomorphic transformation method is reported to fabricate vertically aligned nanosheet arrays of NiFe‐based MOFs with a uniform and controlled thickness, derived from NiFe‐layered double hydroxides. Benefiting from the optimized morphology and the high intrinsic activity originating from the synergistic coupling effect of NiFe metal clusters, the as‐prepared MOF electrocatalyst displays a superior oxygen evolution reaction performance, requiring an overpotential of 318 mV at 50 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of only 47 mV dec−1. Furthermore, a string of metal oxide‐MOFs are obtained, demonstrating the universality of this strategy. By observing the different stages of transformation, the transformation and growth mechanism of MOF crystals is unveiled for the first time. These findings may inspire the exploration and preparation of more species of MOFs, further broadening their application areas.
Response Enhancement of Self‐Powered Visible‐Blind UV Photodetectors by Nanostructured Heterointerface Engineering
Authors: Zhu Tao , Su Jun , Alvarez José , Lefèvre Grégory , Labat Frédéric , Ciofini Ilaria , Pauporté Thierry
Published: July 2019

The development of efficient photodetectors (PDs) for ultraviolet (UV) light is of great importance for many applications. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for boosting the performances of self‐powered PDs. Visible‐blind UV‐A PDs are built by combining a mesoporous TiO2 layer with a Spiro‐OMeTAD layer. The nanostructured heterointerface is engineered by inserting a self‐assembled layer of organic modifiers. By choosing 4‐nitrobenzoic acid (NBA), the responsivity is boosted by 70% compared to the pristine devices. It achieves 64 mA W−1 at 0 V bias, 380 nm, and 1 mW cm−2. The PD displays a very high sensitivity (>104), a fast response time (<3 ms), a high stability, and repeatability. 4‐chlorobenzoic acid, 4‐methoxy benzoic acid, 4‐nitro benzoic acid, and β‐alanine surface modifiers are studied by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Their dipole moment is calculated. Their presence induces a step in the vacuum energy and the formed dipole field dramatically affects the charge transfer and then the photocurrent/photoresponse of the device. The higher responsivity of the NBA‐modified PD is thus explained by the better and faster electron charge transfer toward the electrical contact on TiO2.
Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐Cored Hole Transport Material Enabling Over 21% Efficiency Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Xinxing , Zhou Jie , Song Zhaoning , Dong Zihao , Bao Qinye , Shrestha Niraj , Bista Sandip Singh , Ellingson Randy J. , Yan Yanfa , Tang Weihua
Published: July 2019

Dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) are essential for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the state‐of‐the‐art PSCs with small molecule dopant‐free HTMs are below 20%. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐cored small molecule, DTP‐C6Th, is reported as a promising dopant‐free HTM. Compared with commonly used spiro‐OMeTAD, DTP‐C6Th exhibits a similar energy level, a better hole mobility of 4.18 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, and more efficient hole extraction, enabling efficient and stable PSCs with a dopant‐free HTM. With the addition of an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) passivation layer and properly tuning the composition of the perovskite absorber layer, a champion PCE of 21.04% is achieved, which is the highest value for small molecule dopant‐free HTM based PSCs to date. Additionally, PSCs using the DTP‐C6Th HTM exhibit significantly improved long‐term stability compared with the conventional cells with the metal additive doped spiro‐OMeTAD HTM. Therefore, this work provides a new candidate and effective device engineering strategy for achieving high PCEs with dopant‐free HTMs.
Multifunctional and Recyclable Photothermally Responsive Cryogels as Efficient Platforms for Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Yunlong , Li Pengfei , Zhu Chenglei , Ning Ning , Zhang Shiyong , Vancso G. Julius
Published: July 2019

A growth in the use of antibiotics and the related evolution of patients' drug resistance calls for an urgent response for the development of novel curing approaches without using synthetic antibiotics. Here, the fabrication of a low‐cost cryogel for wound dressing applications is demonstrated. The cryogel is composed of only naturally derived components, including chitosan/silk fibroin as the scaffold and tannic acid/ferric ion (TA/Fe3+) as the stimuli‐responsive agent for photothermal therapy. Based on the multiple weak hydrogen bonds and metal ligand coordination, the cryogel exhibits good flexibility and recoverability. Its highly porous structure renders the cryogel to be strongly hygroscopic to absorb blood for hemostasis. The cryogel exhibits excellent antibacterial activity to both Gram‐negative and positive bacteria, benefiting from the high photothermal transition activity of the TA/Fe3+ complex. Furthermore, the cryogel can efficiently promote cell proliferation in vitro. Significantly, animal experiments also reveal that the cryogel effectively eradicate microbes at the wound and accelerate the wound healing process. In summary, this novel biorenewable cryogel demonstrates excellent hygroscopic and hemostatic performance, photothermal antimicrobial activity, and accelerates skin regeneration, which has great application potential as a promising wound dressing material in the clinical use.
Highly Efficient (>10%) Flexible Organic Solar Cells on PEDOT‐Free and ITO‐Free Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Seo Ki‐Won , Lee Jaemin , Jo Jihwan , Cho Changsoon , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: July 2019

A novel approach to fabricate flexible organic solar cells is proposed without indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using junction‐free metal nanonetworks (NNs) as transparent electrodes. The metal NNs are monolithically etched using nanoscale shadow masks, and they exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, the optoelectrical properties of the NNs can be controlled by both the initial metal layer thickness and NN density. Hence, with an extremely thin silver layer, the appropriate density control of the networks can lead to high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Such NNs can be utilized for thin‐film devices without planarization by conductive materials such as PEDOT:PSS. A highly efficient flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% and high device yield (93.8%) is fabricated on PEDOT‐free and ITO‐free transparent electrodes. Furthermore, the flexible solar cell retains 94.3% of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending stress tests (strain: 3.13%).
Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Yaokang , Zheng Zijian
Published: July 2019

The rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics favors low‐cost, solution‐processing, and high‐throughput techniques for fabricating metal contacts, interconnects, and electrodes on flexible substrates of different natures. Conventional top‐down printing strategies with metal‐nanoparticle‐formulated inks based on the thermal sintering mechanism often suffer from overheating, rough film surface, low adhesion, and poor metal quality, which are not desirable for most flexible electronic applications. In recent years, a bottom‐up strategy termed as polymer‐assisted metal deposition (PAMD) shows great promise in addressing the abovementioned challenges. Here, a detailed review of the development of PAMD in the past decade is provided, covering the fundamental chemical mechanism, the preparation of various soft and conductive metallic materials, the compatibility to different printing technologies, and the applications for a wide variety of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Finally, the attributes of PAMD in comparison with conventional nanoparticle strategies are summarized and future technological and application potentials are elaborated.
Photonic Engineering Technology for the Development of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Zeng Yongquan , Qiang Bo , Wang Qi Jie
Published: July 2019

A terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) is an electrically pumped semiconductor laser based on the inter‐subband electron transitions in a multiple‐quantum‐well heterostructure. Comparing with many other THz wave generation methods, THz QCL is mostly developed with compact fingerprint, high power, and high efficiency in the demanding frequency range of 0.8–5.4 THz with the aid of advanced electronic engineering technology of the active materials. This triggers various important applications including nonlinear optics, astronomy, imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy. However, the applications of THz QCL require good output characteristics in terms of the emission spectrum, beam quality, power efficiency, and polarization control, which are beyond the reach of the electronic engineering techniques. The main focus here is placed on photonic engineering of the THz QCLs with attention to the significant improvement of THz QCL output characteristics. Various photonic solutions to manipulate the laser output are thoroughly reviewed. Some innovative photonic designs with impressive achievements are highlighted. Nonconventional cavities with exotic physics and special functionalities are also discussed in the end, which may be exploited for potential applications in the future.
A Neuromorphic Device Implemented on a Salmon‐DNA Electrolyte and its Application to Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kang Dong‐Ho , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Oh Seyong , Park Hyung‐Youl , Dugasani Sreekantha Reddy , Kang Beom‐Seok , Choi Changhwan , Choi Rino , Lee Sungjoo , Park Sung Ha , Heo Keun , Park Jin‐Hong
Published: July 2019

A bioinspired neuromorphic device operating as synapse and neuron simultaneously, which is fabricated on an electrolyte based on Cu2+‐doped salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (S‐DNA) is reported. Owing to the slow Cu2+ diffusion through the base pairing sites in the S‐DNA electrolyte, the synaptic operation of the S‐DNA device features special long‐term plasticity with negative and positive nonlinearity values for potentiation and depression (αp and αd), respectively, which consequently improves the learning/recognition efficiency of S‐DNA‐based neural networks. Furthermore, the representative neuronal operation, “integrate‐and‐fire,” is successfully emulated in this device by adjusting the duration time of the input voltage stimulus. In particular, by applying a Cu2+ doping technique to the S‐DNA neuromorphic device, the characteristics for synaptic weight updating are enhanced (|αp|: 31→20, |αd|: 11→18, weight update margin: 33→287 nS) and also the threshold conditions for neuronal firing (amplitude and number of stimulus pulses) are modulated. The improved synaptic characteristics consequently increase the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) pattern recognition rate from 38% to 44% (single‐layer perceptron model) and from 89.42% to 91.61% (multilayer perceptron model). This neuromorphic device technology based on S‐DNA is expected to contribute to the successful implementation of a future neuromorphic system that simultaneously satisfies high integration density and remarkable recognition accuracy.
Electrophotocatalysis with a Trisaminocyclopropenium Radical Dication
Authors: Huang He , Strater Zack M. , Rauch Michael , Shee James , Sisto Thomas J. , Nuckolls Colin , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: July 2019

Visible‐light photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are two powerful strategies for the promotion of chemical reactions. Here, these two modalities are combined in an electrophotocatalytic oxidation platform. This chemistry employs a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion catalyst, which is electrochemically oxidized to form a cyclopropenium radical dication intermediate. The radical dication undergoes photoexcitation with visible light to produce an excited‐state species with oxidizing power (3.33 V vs. SCE) sufficient to oxidize benzene and halogenated benzenes via single‐electron transfer (SET), resulting in C−H/N−H coupling with azoles. A rationale for the strongly oxidizing behavior of the photoexcited species is provided, while the stability of the catalyst is rationalized by a particular conformation of the cis‐2,6‐dimethylpiperidine moieties.
Green conversion of a three‐dimensional organometallic coordination polymer to a three‐dimensional organometallic supramolecular polymer upon mechanochemical 2‐aminopyridine addition
Authors: Usefi Sahar , Akhbari Kamran , Phuruangrat Anukorn
Published: July 2019

Green conversion of three‐dimensional organometallic [Ag2(μ6‐tp)]n (1) coordination polymer (CP) nanosheets, prepared by sonochemical procedure, to three‐dimensional organometallic [Ag2(μ4‐tp)(apy)2]n (2) (where H2tp = terephthalic acid and apy = 2‐aminopyridine) CP nanoparticles has been observed upon solid‐state mechanochemical reaction of compound 1 with 2‐aminopyridine. The AgO3Ag···C6 coordination sphere of silver ion in 1 changed to NO2Ag···C coordination sphere in 2 during this mechanochemical addition. These samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Signal‐on fluorescence assay for pyrophosphate ions based on DNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters
Authors: Xu Huifeng , Yu Lishuang , Zhang Shiqi , Xu Xueya , Chen Tingting , Ye Hongzhi , Zhu Xi
Published: July 2019

Pyrophosphate anion (P2O74−, PPi) is considered as a potential biomarker for arthritic diseases because high levels of PPi may result in calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystal deposition diseases. In this study, a simple fluorescence method for PPi was demonstrated by organic integration of the efficient fluorescence quenching ability of copper ions to DNA‐scaffolded silver nanoclusters and the strong affinity of PPi towards copper ions. This simple fluorescence sensor showed a low detection limit (0.28 μM based on signal/noise = 3) towards the detection of PPi. Practical application of this method was also validated by detection of PPi in the synovial fluid.
Characterization of the metabolite of AdipoRon in rat and human liver microsomes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ge Yingying , Yu Yongsheng , Zhang Yongjie , Li Xiaonan , Liu Qingwang
Published: July 2019

AdipoRon is an orally active adiponectin receptor agonist. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites of AdipoRon in rat and human liver microsomes using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap‐MS) together with data processing techniques including extracted ion chromatograms and a mass defect filter. AdipoRon (10 μm) was incubated with liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and this resulted in a total of 11 metabolites being detected. The identities of these metabolites were characterized by comparing their accurate masses and fragment ions as well as their retention times with those of AdipoRon using MetWorks software. Metabolites M1–M3, M6, and M8–M11 were identified for the first time. Metabolite M4, the major metabolite both in rat and human liver microsomes, was further confirmed using the reference standard. Our results revealed that the metabolic pathways of AdipoRon in liver microsomes were N‐dealkylation (M2), hydroxylation (M, M5–M9), carbonyl reduction (M4) and the formation of amide (M10 and M11). Our results provide valuable information about the in vitro metabolism of AdipoRon, which would be helpful for us to understand the mechanism of the elimination of AdipoRon and, in turn, its effectiveness and toxicity.
Understand how courts evaluate universities’ liability for alcohol‐related harm
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: July 2019

Alcohol consumption by college‐age students is a major concern for parents and higher education administrators. Parents worry about their children's safety, while institutions are concerned for student safety and well‐being, and because alcohol‐related injuries can be a source of costly litigation.
Build a strong relationship with local agencies
Authors: Rahn Josh
Published: July 2019

With most university campuses being located within urban or suburban areas, effective cooperation between campus and municipal police departments is essential for creating safe communities and providing seamless police services. At the Miami University (Ohio) Police Department, Chief John McCandless has been fortunate enough to participate in the development of mutual aid agreements that have benefited both the university and the surrounding city of Oxford. McCandless shared some insights and best practices concerning the implementation and management of these agreements that he's picked up during his 15‐year tenure as chief.
Report finds department abused facial recognition software
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2019

The New York Police Department edited photographs used in its facial recognition software technology, according to a new report from the Georgetown Center on Privacy and Technology. The report, which includes case studies and documented incidences where the NYPD abused its facial recognition surveillance software privileges, comes amid blowback from municipalities over the technology. For example, San Francisco recently passed legislation that bans police use of the technology.
Create a healthy, happy work environment with simple changes
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2019

LOS ANGELES — You don't want to make your department a place of stress that mitigates the good being done at your institution.
A rare case of multiple myeloma with intracranial extramedullary relapse: One or more myeloma clones?
Authors: Markovic Uros , Calafiore Valeria , Martino Enrica , Giubbolini Rachele , Parisi Marina Silvia , Romano Alessandra , Del Fabro Vittorio , Di Raimondo Francesco , Conticello Concetta
Published: July 2019

In a minority of relapsed myeloma, patient's disease may spread into extramedullary sites, associated with high degrees of heterogeneity. The breadth of myeloma therapeutic armamentarium allows clinicians to manage its heterogeneous presentation, including intracranial relapses, with fair success resulting in a significant prolongation of survival.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner's tumor) of the submandibular salivary gland: Our experience of one case report
Authors: Poghosyan Anna , Misakyan Martin , Sargsyan Ani , Khachatryan Parandzem , Hakobyan Gayane
Published: July 2019

Surgical excision of the submandibular salivary gland in patients with chronic sclerosing sialadenitis can be complicated because of hyalinosis of the surrounding soft tissues. Patients with autoimmune diseases suspected of having salivary gland neoplasms or granulomatous disease should be carefully investigated for chronic sclerosing sialadenitis to prevent potential harm.
Massive subcutaneous emphysema after traumatic pneumothorax
Authors: Machairas Nikolaos , Paspala Anna , Syllaios Athanasios , Schizas Dimitrios
Published: July 2019

A simple case/asymptomatic pneumothorax not deemed to necessitate drainage can quickly change, and patient safety can be compromised. Chest tube insertion with increased suction is considered a safe and efficient strategy in patients with extensive subcutaneous emphysema following traumatic pneumothorax.
Correlating Structure and Properties of Super‐Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions: 17O NMR and Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Ruggeri Irene , La Monaca Andrea , De Giorgio Francesca , Soavi Francesca , Arbizzani Catia , Berbenni Vittorio , Ferrara Chiara , Mustarelli Piercarlo
Published: July 2019

Super‐concentrated electrolyte solutions are of increasing interest for safer and more stable lithium and post‐lithium batteries. The combination of 7Li and 17O (at natural abundance) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrochemical characterization is proposed here as an effective approach to investigate the Li+ solvation structures and properties of electrolytes featuring tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and lithium‐bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). Five different formulations from salt‐in‐solvent to solvent‐in‐salt with LiTFSI at different concentrations (0.1 m, 0.5 m, 2 m, 4 m, 5 m) are investigated. The NMR results, also supported by physico‐chemical characterizations such as thermal gravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, specific conductivity and viscosity, give information about the association of Li+ ions with anion and solvent molecules, allowing a deeper knowledge on the relationships among structure and functional properties of super‐concentrated solutions.
Ground and Excited States of Bis‐4‐Methoxybenzyl‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Murphy Alanna S. , Killalea C. Elizabeth , Humphreys Joshua , Hume Paul A. , Cliffe Matthew J. , Murray Glen J. , Davies E. Stephen , Lewis William , Amabilino David B.
Published: July 2019

A series of symmetrically bis‐4‐methoxybenzyl (4MB) N‐substituted 1,4‐diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives have been synthesized. The 4MB unit makes the DPP core soluble, and shows subtle modification of up to 0.2 eV in ground and excited states of the core when compared with related alkyl derivatives. Absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as electrochemical and computational methods have been employed to prove the importance of the peripheral aryl units on the donor/ acceptor properties of the molecules. The 4MB products are highly fluorescent (quantum yields approaching 100 % in solution), with a unique distribution of frontier states shown by spectroelectrochemistry. The solid‐state fluorescence correlates with the X‐ray crystal structures of the compounds, a Stokes shift of approximately 80 nm is seen for two of the compounds. The frontier energy levels show that this subtle substitutional change could be of future use in molecular energy level tailoring in these, and related, materials for organic (opto)electronics.
Genomic Mutation Identification in Mice Using Illumina Sequencing and Linux‐Based Computational Methods
Authors: Williams John A. , Powell George , Mallon Ann‐Marie , Simon Michelle M.
Published: July 2019

Genetically modified mice are an essential tool for modeling disease‐causing mechanisms and discovering gene function. SNP genotyping was traditionally used to associate candidate regions with traits in the mouse, but failed to reveal novel variants without further targeted sequencing. Using a robust set of computational protocols, we present a platform to enable scientists to detect variants arising from whole‐genome and exome sequencing experiments. This article guides researchers on aligning reads to the mouse genome, quality‐assurance strategies, mutation discovery, comparing mutations to previously discovered mouse SNPs, and the annotation of novel variants, in order to predict mutation consequences on the protein level. Challenges unique to the mouse are discussed, and two protocols use self‐contained containers to maintain version control and allow users to adapt our approach to new techniques by upgrading container versions. Our protocols are suited for servers or office workstations and are usable by non‐bioinformatics specialists. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescence In Situ Imaging of Dendritic RNAs at Single‐Molecule Resolution
Authors: Batish Mona , Tyagi Sanjay
Published: July 2019

RNA localization is an important step in gene regulation. Imaging RNAs in fixed and live cells provides contextual information about RNA distribution in the cells. Here, we provide detailed protocols for performing single‐molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). smFISH detects mRNA molecules at single‐molecule resolution in fixed neuronal cells using ∼50 small oligonucleotide probes for each mRNA. The technique has been successfully applied to understand RNA localization and distribution in various biological systems, ranging from Drosophila to the mammalian nervous system. The probes are small enough to bind to structured RNAs or RNAs that are part of RNA‐protein complexes, thereby accounting for ∼85% of the total RNA; this enables a level of sensitivity equivalent to that of quantitative real‐time PCR, but with anatomical resolution. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tactile internet and its applications in 5G era: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Tanwar Sudeep , Tyagi Sudhanshu , Kumar Neeraj
Published: July 2019

Over the last few years, communication latency has been a major hurdle for most of the applications deployed in different network domains. During this era, a number of communication protocols and standards were developed and used by the community. However, still, the problem of latency persists keeping in view of the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) for different applications. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, in this paper, we present an in‐depth survey of state‐of‐the art proposals having tactile internet as a backbone for delay mitigation using 5G networks for future ultra‐reliable low‐latency applications such as Healthcare 4.0, Industry 4.0, virtual reality and augmented reality, and smart education. From the existing proposals, it has been observed that tactile internet can provide interactions between virtual objects to give a feel of real environment with maximum latency of 1 millisecond. Also, this paper highlights the key differences between the tactile internet and Internet of Things in context with 5G revolution. Then open issues and challenges of tactile internet for smart applications are analyzed. Finally, a comparison of existing proposals with respect to various parameters is presented, which allows the end users to select one of the proposals in comparison with its merits over the others.
Multivariate interpretation of the urinary steroid profile and training‐induced modifications. The case study of a Marathon runner
Authors: Amante Eleonora , Pruner Serena , Alladio Eugenio , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco , Bro Rasmus
Published: July 2019

The steroidal module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) introduced by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in 2014 includes six endogenous androgenic steroids and five of their concentration ratios, monitored in urine samples collected repeatedly from the same athlete, whose values are interpreted by a Bayesian model on the basis of intra‐individual variability. The same steroid profile, plus dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and DHEA, was determined in 198 urine samples collected from an amateur marathon runner monitored over three months preceding an international competition. Two to three samples were collected each day and subsequently analyzed by a fully validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol. The objective of the study was to identify the potential effects of physical activity at different intensity levels on the physiological steroid profile of the athlete. The results were interpreted using principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2 vs Q residuals plots, and were compared with a profile model based on the samples collected after rest. The urine samples collected after activity of moderate or high intensity, in terms of cardiac frequency and/or distance run, proved to modify the basal steroid profile, with particular enhancement of testosterone, epitestosterone, and 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol. In contrast, all steroid concentration ratios were apparently not modified by intense exercise. The alteration of steroid profiles seemingly lasted for few hours, as most of the samples collected 6 or more hours after training showed profiles compatible with the “after rest” model. These observations issue a warning about the ABP results obtained immediately post‐competition.
Study on estimating electric potential in space between parallel electrodes
Authors: Tsujita Atsushi , Ohchi Masashi , Wakimoto Takayuki
Published: July 2019

We have been studying on estimating distribution of permittivity between measurement electrodes using capacitance and electric potential. Two arc electrodes were separated by long distance and there electrodes were surrounded by additional electrodes respectively. In past research work, we carried out numerical electric analysis for calculating the capacitance and electric potential using Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with experimental and numerical results. The capacitance values were almost agreed with experimental and numerical results. However, the electric potential values were different between experimental and numerical results in conventional studies. In this paper, we proposed an equivalent circuit including the stray capacity and measurement method for capacitance, the electric potential in space between long distance electrodes was estimated.
Innovation Requires Capital Recovery Recognition
Authors: Terzic Branko
Published: July 2019

Public utility regulation in the United States has been, by many measures, a tremendous success. Capacity is adequate, service levels are high, and costs are reasonable, or at least competitive globally. However, with respect to incenting and supporting innovation, regulation has demonstrably had problems. In the regulated telephone industry, for example, state and federal regulations have in the past stifled innovation and delayed the introduction of new technologies.
The Emera Return on Equity Inquiry and Interstate Gas Pipelines
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: July 2019

In June 2019, public comments were due to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in response to a large list of fairly complicated questions the commission presented in a Notice of Inquiry (NOI) in Docket No. PL19‐4. The NOI represents a wide‐ranging reconsideration of how the commission arrives at allowed returns on equity (ROEs)—first for the electric public utilities where the current reexamination started and then—perhaps—for natural gas and liquids pipelines regulated under different federal statutes. We can assume by now the commission has received mountains of expertise‐laden discussions of related methodologies, data, investor expectations, and consumer interests.