bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Quality Magnetically Hard ε‐Fe2O3 Thin Films through Atomic Layer Deposition for Room‐Temperature Applications
Authors: Jussila Topias , Philip Anish , Lindén Johan , Karppinen Maarit
Published: November 2022

The critical‐element‐free ε‐Fe2O3 ferrimagnet exhibits giant magnetic coercivity even at room temperature. It is thus highly attractive material for advanced applications in fields such as spintronics, high‐density data storage, and wireless communication. However, a serious obstacle to overcome is the notoriously challenging synthesis of ε‐Fe2O3 due to its metastable nature. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is the state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film technology in microelectronics. Herein, it is demonstrated that it has also true potential for the fabrication of amazingly stable in situ crystalline and high‐performance ε‐Fe2O3 thin films from simple (FeCl3 and H2O) chemical precursors at a moderately low deposition temperature (280 °C). Standard X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy characterization indicates that the films are of high level of phase purity. Most importantly, precise temperature‐dependent 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements verify that the hematite (α‐Fe2O3) trace in the films is below 2.5%, and reveal the characteristic low‐ and high‐temperature transitions at 208–228 K and ≈480 K, respectively, while magnetization measurements confirm the symmetric hysteresis loops expected for essentially phase‐pure ε‐Fe2O3 films. Excitingly, the highly c‐axis oriented film growth, the overall film quality, and the unique magnetic properties remain the same, independently of the substrate material used.
Effect of Composite Epoxy Coating on Protective and Bonding Properties to Nickel Aluminum Bronze
Authors: Chen Qi'an , Zhang Zhanping , Qi Yuhong
Published: November 2022

The interlayer adhesion strength between nickel‐aluminum bronze (NAB) and epoxy coating and the corrosion resistance of the coating were investigated. The surface state of NAB with sandpaper abrasion, machining, and sandblasting is observed through laser confocal microscope. The pull‐off test measures the interlayer adhesion strength between the primer and the intermediate coating of different proportions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) evaluate the corrosion resistance of the single‐layer primer and the matching intermediate coating. Chemical bond composition and content of the composite coating at different positions are evaluated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the interlayer adhesion strength between the substrate abraded by 40 mesh sandpaper and primer is the largest (18.1 MPa). When the ratio of bisphenol A epoxy resin to phenolic amine of primer is (2.40:0.70) and the ratio of bisphenol A epoxy resin to polyamide of intermediate coating is (3.00:0.34), the multiple interlayer adhesion strength is the largest (20.51 MPa). The atomic content of N–C=O (288.4 eV) in primer/intermediate coating interface is the highest amount of them, up to 1.91%. Compared with a single‐layer epoxy coating (|Z|0.01 Hz = 1.30 × 108 Ω cm2), using matching coatings (|Z|0.01 Hz=2.06 × 1011 Ω cm2) can improve the corrosion resistance of the coating.
Room‐Temperature Superformability in Novel As‐Cast High‐Entropy Alloy During Compressive Loading
Authors: Dutta A. , Tung Shu‐Yi , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Tsai Ming‐Hung , Nene Saurabh S.
Published: November 2022

Conventional alloys show low compressive strength and strain accommodation due to their propensity for limited strengthening mechanisms and rapid compressive instability. High‐entropy alloys (HEA) may overcome this limitation by metastability engineering. Inspired by this, herein, a dual‐phase Fe44Mn20Cr15Ni7.5Co6Si7.5HEA (M‐HEA) which shows maximum engineering strength of ≈4.4 GPa at true compressive strain of ≈2.2 (engineering strain of 90%) in as‐cast condition due to controlled hardening and sustained softening response during deformation is presented. The controlled hardening phenomenon (up to 60% strain) is attributed to transformation‐induced plasticity in γ‐phase and nanotwinning in untransformed γ‐phase. The sustained softening is a result of extensive strain accommodation by both γ‐ and β‐phases via dynamic recovery in γ‐phase and shearing of β‐phase during deformation. Hence, this superformability in M‐HEA makes it an excellent material for structural applications in comparison with other conventional alloys and HEAs.
Enhanced Catalytical and Photothermal Behavior Derived from Self‐Assembly Microsuperlattices of Cu1.8S for Laser Ignition
Authors: Dai Yu , Li Xiao Dong , Li Gang , Li Xin , Wang Peng , He Guan Song , Sun Yin Shuang , Meng Li , Yang Zhi Jian
Published: November 2022

Laser ignition is considered to be a novel ignition technique with high safety and reliability. With the aim of widening the range of industrial and scientific applications for laser ignition, it is extremely desirable to increase the laser sensitivity of energetic materials because most of them are laser insensitivity and unignitable with diode laser. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to prepare ammonium perchlorate (AP) coated with Cu1.8S microsuperlattices via a self‐assembly process. The resulting AP@Cu1.8S microsuperlattices with core–shell structure can be ignited by 1064 nm diode laser at low power density with short delay because the Cu1.8S microsuperlattices coating not only renders enhanced optical absorbance but also superior photothermal conversion efficiency as well as catalytic effect toward thermal decomposition. The superior photothermal conversion efficiency crucial for ignition is attributed to ordered assembly of Cu1.8S due to the plasmonic coupling of building blocks. Besides, the results show that Cu1.8S microsuperlattices coating is versatile and gives rise to combustion with low ignition energy density and high mechanical safety in comparison with previous reports. This work establishes the self‐assembly of Cu1.8S on the surface of energetic materials for laser ignition and paves the way for photothermal materials in practical applications.
Overcoming Anode Instability in Solid‐State Batteries through Control of the Lithium Metal Microstructure
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Fuchs Till , Krempaszky Christian , Mogwitz Boris , Burkhardt Simon , Richter Felix H. , Janek Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Enabling the lithium metal anode (LMA) in solid‐state batteries (SSBs) is the key to developing high energy density battery technologies. However, maintaining a stable electrode–electrolyte interface presents a critical challenge to high cycling rate and prolonged cycle life. One such issue is the interfacial pore formation in LMA during stripping. To overcome this, either higher stack pressure or binary lithium alloy anodes are used. Herein, it is shown that fine‐grained (d = 20 µm) polycrystalline LMA can avoid pore formation by exploiting the microstructural dependence of the creep rates. In a symmetric cell set‐up, i.e., LiǀLi6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12(LLZO)ǀLi, fine‐grained LMA achieves > 11.0 mAh cm−2 compared to ≈ 3.6 mAh cm−2 for coarse‐grained LMA (d = 295 µm) at 0.1 mA cm−2 and at moderate stress of 2.0 MPa. Smaller diffusion lengths (≈ 20 µm) and higher diffusivity pathway along dislocations (Dd ≈ 10−7 cm2 s−1), generated during cell fabrication, result in enhanced viscoplastic deformation in fine‐grained polycrystalline LMA. The electrochemical performances corroborate well with estimated creep rates. Thus, microstructural control of LMA can significantly reduce the required stack pressure during stripping. These results are particularly relevant for “anode‐free” SSBs wherein both the microstructure and the mechanical state of the lithium are critical parameters.
Carbon Dot@MXene Nanozymes with Triple Enzyme‐Mimic Activities for Mild NIR‐II Photothermal‐Amplified Nanocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Geng Bijiang , Yan Lang , Zhu Yuping , Shi Wenjing , Wang Haoneng , Mao Jingjing , Ren Lijun , Zhang Jiqianzhu , Tian Yijun , Gao Fangyuan , Zhang Xiaofang , Chen Jikuai , Zhu Jiangbo
Published: November 2022

Nanozymes have shown promising potential in disease treatment owing to the advantages of low‐cost, facile fabrication, and high stability. However, the highly complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and inherent low catalytic activity severely restrict the clinical applications of nanozymes. Herein, a novel mild hyperthermia‐enhanced nanocatalytic therapy platform based on Z‐scheme heterojunction nanozymes by depositing N‐doped carbon dots (CDs) onto Nb2C nanosheets is constructed. CD@Nb2C nanozymes not only display outstanding photothermal effects in the safe and efficient NIR‐II window but also possess triple enzyme‐mimic activities to obtain amplified ROS levels. The triple enzyme‐mimic activities and NIR‐II photothermal properties of CD nanozymes are enhanced by the construction of Z‐scheme heterojunctions owing to the accelerated carrier transfer process. More importantly, the introduction of mild hyperthermia can further improve the peroxidase‐mimic and catalase‐mimic activities as well as the glGSH depletion abilities of CD@Nb2C nanozymes, thereby producing more ROS to efficiently inhibit tumor growth. The combined therapy effect of CD@Nb2C nanozymes through mild NIR‐II photothermal‐enhanced nanocatalytic therapy can achieve complete tumor eradication. This work highlights the efficient tumor therapy potential of heterojunction nanozymes.
Highly Sensitive Silver‐Microlayer Thin Film on a pp‐PFM‐Modified PDMS Strain Sensor as a Versatile Tool for Stretchable Electronics Applications
Authors: Texidó Robert , Nieva‐Esteve Gloria , Gilabert‐Porres Joan , Reyes Guillermo , Borrós Salvador
Published: November 2022

Strain sensors for wearable electronic devices have received attention due to their potential application in medicine for physiological monitoring or as part of advanced prosthetics. However, low sensitivity values as well as complex fabrication procedures remain significant challenges limiting the applicability. This work presents the fabrication of a strain sensor based on the separation of silver microplates immobilized on a stretchable substrate. The deposition of the microplates is achieved through the exposition of a glucosamine‐functionalized surface to the Tollens’ reagent, being a versatile fabrication methodology able to be implemented in a wide range of substrates. The obtained sensors present a high stretchability (>100%), high conductivity (105 S m–1), good linearity (R2 > 0.98 under 30% strain), good hysteresis properties, and high sensitivity (up to GF = 900 000). Hence, the sensors allow the measurement of very small deformations even in dynamic range, where it presents a stable linear response for the quantification of cyclic deformations of 0.02% strain. Moreover, the applicability of these sensors has been studied in motion‐sensing devices and in a pressure sensor revealing that this technology may expand the potential applications of wearable electronic devices.
Iodine‐Catalysed Reactions of Aroylmethylidenes: Efficient Access to α‐Substituted Aryl Ketones, Functionalized Naphthofurans and Highly Functionalized Pyrroles
Authors: Bisht Shweta , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: November 2022

An efficient and facile iodine‐catalysed approach has been established for the formation of α‐substituted aryl ketones and valuable substituted naphthofurans. Under the same reaction conditions, a series of highly functionalized pyrroles could be readily obtained. This metal‐free and environmentally friendly reaction proceeded very well and delivered the products in good to excellent yields. This work highlights the formation of α‐substituted aryl ketones, naphthofuran and pentasubstituted pyrrole derivatives under catalytic amount of iodine in one‐pot fashion, demonstrating the broad substrate scope.
An Antitumor Dual‐Responsive Host‐Guest Supramolecular Polymer Based on Hypoxia‐Cleavable Azocalix[4]arene
Authors: Yao Shun‐Yu , Yue Yu‐Xin , Ying An‐Kang , Hu Xin‐Yue , Li Hua‐Bin , Cai Kang , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

The exploitation of specific guests which can respond to external stimuli is the main approach for the construction of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular polymers (SPs) based on host–guest interactions. Most functional guests, however, fail to manifest stimuli‐responses. Herein, a hypoxia‐responsive dimeric azocalixarene (D‐SAC4A) with outstanding hosting properties was used as the macrocyclic building block for the preparation of host stimuli‐responsive SPs. Since azocalixarenes can also be compatible with stimuli‐responsive guests, an antitumor drug, camptothecin (CPT), was chosen and linked via a disulfide‐containing linker to afford a glutathione (GSH)‐responsive ditropic guest (D‐CPT). A unique dual‐responsive SP was obtained by 1 : 1 mixing of D‐SAC4A and D‐CPT in water, which further assembled into SP nanoparticles (DSPNs). DSPNs displayed outstanding stability against dilution and biological interferants, as well as precise CPT‐release under GSH and hypoxia conditions. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the good biosafety and tumor‐suppressive effects of DSPNs.
Ferrocenyl chalcone armed macrocyclic tet a‐based cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes: DNA photocleavage activity and photocytotoxicity
Authors: Sethupathi Murugan , Praveena Arockiasamy , Sengottuvelan Nallathambi , Ponnuchamy Kumar
Published: November 2022

Ferrocenyl chalcone armed ‘tet a’ macrocyclic cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes (1) and (2) were synthesised and characterised by various physico‐chemical methodologies. The complexes exhibit Co(II)/Co(I) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple (quasi‐reversible) with E1/2 value of −0.82 and −0.82 V, respectively. Complex 1 is oxidised as quasi‐reversible two‐electron transfer processes with oxidation potential of E1pa = 0.64 and E1pc = 0.68 V, and complex 2 with oxidation potential of E1pa = 0.62 and E1pc = 0.66 V over 0.37 V of ferrocene was observed. The above scenario is indicating the positive charge destabilisation of mono‐ and dications originating a challenging condition for ferrocene oxidation. The DNA binding abilities of both the complexes (1 and 2) with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were investigated by spectroscopic studies (absorption/fluorescence) and electrochemical methods. Absorption spectral studies revealed that complexes 1 and 2 bind with CT‐DNA by partial intercalative mode of binding with Kb values of 1.04 × 106 and 7.29 × 105 M−1, respectively. Chemical nuclease activity is exhibited moderately in these complexes generating singlet oxygen (1O2) species and acting as effective photocleavers of pUC19 DNA in the red light region. As irradiated by red light, their cytotoxicity toward MDA‐MB‐231 displays a typical increase in cytotoxicity values. In comparing the dark and red light irradiated cell, MDA‐MB‐231 cells that were exposed to red light exhibited significant morphological alternations. Cell morphological studies were confirmed the morphological changes with dual staining by using AO/EB, Hoechst 33342 and PI against MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, complexes 1 and 2 have less toxicity on Artemia nauplii even at higher concentrations, indicating that the synthesised complexes 1 and 2 are biocompatible.
Effect of polyethylene terephthalate fiber reinforced with non‐hydrophilic nano‐silica on the mechanical, thermic, and chemical shielding characteristics of saturated polyurethane composite
Authors: Nikam Pramod C. , Rao Adarsh R. , Shertukde Vikrant V.
Published: November 2022

The research investigates the reinforcing effect of scrap polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, non‐hydrophilic nano‐SiO2(NS‐972) and heat suppressing agents in saturated polyurethane (SPU) composites. PET fiber was obtained through industrial mechanical processing from scraped PET. Thermic and surface morphology of synthesized SPU composites was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermic characteristics of filled PU,NS‐PET fiber (1.5%)‐APM (1:1) (PU‐NF1.5A) composite with (1:1) proportion of additive NS‐PET fiber (0.5–2%) and halogen free fire‐extinguishing additives APM (0–3%) were determined utilizing UL‐94, TGA, critical oxygen index, and smoke density. The tensile properties of the composite improved to 42.27% (4.14 MPa) when the filler content was increased to 1.5%. The WCA, moisture permeability and chemical resistance analysis indicated that fabricated composite films with variable additive content had excellent hydrophobicity and improved resistance to water, humidity, and chemical resistance. TGA data shows the increased thermal resistance of reinforced PU composite is attributed to the increased thermal deterioration temperature, resulted to the higher thermic degradation temperature of the terephthalic and sebacic acids used in the synthesis of PU. Smoke producing capacity of composite PU‐NF1.5A (0–3%) reduced from 82% to 52%. The LOI improved from 19 to 23 (−vol.%) at 3% APM additives.
Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of different parts of kudzu
Authors: Xiong Yun , Ma Peijie , Huang Limei , Li Yajiao , Wang Xiaoli
Published: November 2022

Pueraria lobata is a traditional medicinal and edible plant. Its root is often used as a nutritional supplement, but its stems and leaves are often discarded. In this study, the types and contents of compounds in roots, stems and leaves of kudzu were studied by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 446 metabolites were identified, which were mainly divided into eight categories; 40 unique compounds were detected in roots. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the contents of metabolites in the roots, stems and leaves of kudzu, and the most significant differences were found in the roots and stems. Most flavonoids and terpenoids accumulated in roots, while alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, lignans and coumarins accumulated in stems and leaves. In addition, isoflavones accumulated least in stems and most in roots. These results improved our understanding of the accumulation of metabolites in kudzu and provided a reference for the full study of the medicinal value of different parts of kudzu.
Spinal cord tissue engineering using human primary neural progenitor cells and astrocytes
Authors: Jin Chen , Wu Yayu , Zhang Haipeng , Xu Bai , Liu Wenbin , Ji Chunnan , Li Panpan , Chen Zhenni , Chen Bing , Li Jiayin , Wu Xianming , Jiang Peipei , Hu Yali , Xiao Zhifeng , Zhao Yannan , Dai Jianwu
Published: November 2022

Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising approach for repairing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, cell survival, maturation and integration after transplantation are still major challenges. Here, we produced a novel centimeter‐scale human spinal cord neural tissue (hscNT) construct with human spinal cord neural progenitor cells (hscNPCs) and human spinal cord astrocytes (hscAS) on a linearly ordered collagen scaffold (LOCS). The hscAS promoted hscNPC adhesion, survival and neurite outgrowth on the LOCS, to form a linearly ordered spinal cord‐like structure consisting of mature neurons and glia cells. When transplanted into rats with SCI, the hscNT created a favorable microenvironment by inhibiting inflammation and glial scar formation, and promoted neural and vascular regeneration. Notably, the hscNT promoted neural circuit reconstruction and motor functional recovery. Engineered human spinal cord implants containing astrocytes and neurons assembled on axon guidance scaffolds may therefore have potential in the treatment of SCI.
Modulation of nutrient precursors for controlling metabolic inhibitors by genome‐scale flux balance analysis
Authors: Hoang Duc , Kuang Bingyu , Liang George , Wang Zhao , Yoon Seongkyu
Published: November 2022

Therapeutic protein productivity and glycosylation pattern highly rely on cell metabolism. Cell culture medium composition and feeding strategy are critical to regulate cell metabolism. In this study, the relationship between toxic metabolic inhibitors and their nutrient precursors was explored to identify the critical medium components toward cell growth and generation of metabolic by‐products. Generic CHO metabolic model was tailored and integrated with CHO fed‐batch metabolomic data to obtain a cell line‐ and process‐specific model. Flux balance analysis study was conducted on toxic metabolites cytidine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate and n‐acetylputrescine—all of which were previously reported to generate from endogenous cell metabolism—by mapping them to a compartmentalized carbon utilization network. Using this approach, the study projected high level of inhibitory metabolites accumulation when comparing three industrially relevant fed‐batch feeding conditions one against another, from which the results were validated via a dose‐dependent amino acids spiking study. In the end, a medium optimization design was employed to lower the amount of supplemented nutrients, of which improvements in critical process performance were realized at 40% increase in peak viable cell density (VCD), 15% increase in integral VCD, and 37% increase in growth rate. Tight control of toxic by‐products was also achieved, as the study measured decreased inhibitory metabolites accumulation across all conditions. Overall, the study successfully presented a digital twin approach to investigate the intertwined relationship between supplemented medium constituents and downstream toxic metabolites generated through host cell metabolism, further elucidating different control strategies capable of improving cellular phenotypes and regulating toxic inhibitors.
Reverse Transcriptases: From Discovery and Applications to Xenobiology
Authors: Huber Luisa B. , Betz Karin , Marx Andreas
Published: November 2022

Reverse transcriptases are DNA polymerases that can use RNA as a template for DNA synthesis. They thus catalyze the reverse of transcription. Although discovered in 1970, reverse transcriptases are still of great interest and are constantly being further developed for numerous modern research approaches. They are frequently used in biotechnological and molecular diagnostic applications. In this review, we describe the discovery of these fascinating enzymes and summarize research results and applications ranging from molecular cloning, direct virus detection, and modern sequencing methods to xenobiology.
Efficient Production of Epoxy‐Norbornane from Norbornene by an Engineered P450 Peroxygenase
Authors: Yan Yu , Zheng Chenni , Song Wei , Wu Jing , Guo Liang , Gao Cong , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Zhu Meng , Liu Liming
Published: November 2022

Epoxy‐norbornane (EPO‐NBE) is a crucial building block for the synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic systems. To develop an efficient protocol for producing EPO‐NBE using norbornene (NBE) as a substrate, cytochrome P450 enzyme from Pseudomonas putida (CYP238A1) was examined and its crystal structure (PDB code: 7X53) was resolved. Molecular mechanism analysis showed a high energy barrier related to iron‐alkoxy radical complex formation. Therefore, a protein engineering strategy was developed and an optimal CYP238A1NPV variant containing a local hydrophobic “fence” at the active site was obtained, which increased the H2O2‐dependent epoxidation activity by 7.5‐fold compared with that of CYP238A1WT. Among the “fence”, Glu255 participates in an efficient proton transfer system. Whole‐cell transformation using CYP238A1NPV achieved an EPO‐NBE yield of 77.6 g ⋅ L−1 in a 30‐L reactor with 66.3 % conversion. These results demonstrate the potential of this system for industrial production of EPO‐NBE and provides a new biocatalytic platform for epoxidation chemistry.
Modeling of Crescent‐Type Internal Gear Pumps Considering Gear Radial Micromotion
Authors: Pan Dinghao , Vacca Andrea
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a numerical modeling approach for investigating crescent‐type internal gear pumps (CIGPs) considering radial micromotions of both gears. The modeling approach couples a lumped parameter pressure solver on the bulk fluid domain, with a transient computational fluid dynamics film simulator based on transient gap geometries solved from the gear loading forces. Simulation results on a commercial unit shows that for a wide range of operating conditions, the model gives volumetric efficiency predictions with errors less than 2 % comparing to measurements. To highlight the importance of considering radial micromotions, the paper also provides the results achieved assuming nominal position for both gears.
Scaling‐up of an Insect Cell‐based Virus Production Process in a Novel Single‐use Bioreactor with Flexible Agitation
Authors: Kaiser Stephan C. , Decaria Paula N. , Seidel Stefan , Eibl Dieter
Published: November 2022

A novel single‐use bioreactor was recently introduced to the market that is agitated by impellers suspended on flexible ropes rather than a rigid shaft. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were created and validated by particle image velocimetry (PIV) to predict the bioreactor's fluid flow and mixing. The data were then used to scale‐up a Spodoptera frugiperda, subclone 9 (Sf9) insect cell‐based production of recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) from a benchtop glass bioreactor to the single‐use system with 30 L working volume. This viral vector is one of the most commonly used in gene therapies. The volumetric power input was kept constant while maintaining reasonable mixing times and shear stresses between the scales. Peak cell densities of up to 7.2 × 106 cells mL−1 and maximum virus titers of 1.7 × 1011 vg mL−1 were achieved. Similar cell growth and metabolite profiles further proved the successful process transfer between the two geometrically non‐similar bioreactor systems. The pilot bioreactor yielded between 3.3 and 4.8 × 1015 vg that, depending on the therapy, can be sufficient for the treatment of a single patient.
Carbon Capture Beyond Amines: CO2Sorption at Nucleophilic Oxygen Sites in Materials
Authors: Zick Mary E. , Cho Donovan , Ling Jianheng , Milner Phillip J.
Published: November 2022

Carbon capture and utilization or sequestration and direct air capture will be needed to reduce atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases over the next century. Current amine‐based technologies bind CO2with high selectivities but suffer from poor oxidative and thermal stabilities. Herein, we discuss understudied sorbents based on oxygen nucleophiles, including metal oxides and hydroxides, hydroxide‐containing polymers, and hydroxide‐based metal–organic frameworks. In general, these materials display improved oxidative stabilities compared to traditional amine‐based sorbents. We outline the challenges and opportunities offered by these alternative sorbents for carbon capture applications.
A Bioluminescent Protein‐Graphene Oxide Donor‐Quencher Pair in DNA Hybridization Assays
Authors: Petrucci Sabrina , Ramón Codina Garcia‐Andrade Josep , Moutsiopoulou Angeliki , Broyles David B. , Dikici Emre , Daunert Sylvia , Deo Sapna K.
Published: November 2022

Despite fluorescent quenching with graphene oxide (GO) having shown great success in various applications ‐ bioluminescent quenching has not yet been demonstrated using GO as a quencher. To explore the ability of GO to quench bioluminescence, we used Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) as a donor and GO as a quencher and demonstrated its application in sensing of two target analytes, HIV‐1 DNA and IFN‐γ. We demonstrated that the incubation of Gluc conjugated HIV‐1 and IFN‐γ oligonucleotide probes with GO provided for monitoring of probe‐target interactions based on bioluminescence measurement in a solution phase sensing system. The limits of detection obtained for IFN‐γ and HIV‐1 DNA detection were 17 nM and 7.59 nM, respectively. Both sensing systems showed selectivity toward the target analyte. The detection of IFN‐γ in saliva matrix was demonstrated. The use of GO as a quencher provides for high sensitivity while maintaining the selectivity of designed probes to their respective targets. The use of GO as a quencher provides for an easy assay design and low cost, environmentally friendly reporter.
Synthesis of Isoxazolidines from Substituted Vinylnitrones and Conjugated Carbonyls via Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Trieu Phillip , Filkin William H. , Pinarci Ali , Tobias Elisa M. , Madiu Rufai , Dellosso Brandon , Roldan Justin , Das Pulakesh , Austin Brooke E. , Moura‐Letts Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Herein we report the first redox‐neutral visible‐light photocatalytic intermolecular dipolar cycloaddition for the diastereoselective synthesis of isoxazolidines. We have found that vinyl nitrones with a diverse substitution pattern undergo visible‐light‐promoted cycloadditions with conjugated carbonyls in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ru(bpy)3Cl2, with the reaction proceeding with high yields and good selectivities. A redox‐neutral pathway is proposed as the primary photoredox mechanism for this transformation.
Compartmentalization Accelerates Photosensitized NADH to NAD+ Conversion
Authors: Nau Roland E. P. , Bösking Julian , Pannwitz Andrea
Published: November 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by the Pannwitz group, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University (Germany). The image illustrates the effect of compartmentalization in a light‐driven conversion: The encapsulated substrate reacts directly with the short‐lived 1O2 photogenerated by the photosensitizer in close proximity. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200158.
N6‐methyladenosine‐modified lncRNA ARHGAP5‐AS1 stabilises CSDE1 and coordinates oncogenic RNA regulons in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Zhang Nasha , Zeng Jiajia , Wang Teng , Shen Yue , Ma Chi , Yang Ming
Published: November 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fourth among the malignancies leading to cancer‐related deaths all around the world. It is increasingly evident that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a key mode of hepatocarcinogenesis. As the most prevalent mRNA modification form, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulates gene expression by impacting multiple aspects of mRNA metabolism. However, there are still no reports on genome‐wide screening and functional annotation of m6A‐methylated lncRNAs in HCC.

Methods

The m6A modification and biologic functions of ARHGAP5‐AS1 in HCC were investigated through a series of biochemical assays. Clinical implications of ARHGAP5‐AS1 were examined in tissues from HCC patients.

Results

After systematically analysing the m6A‐seq data of HCC cells, we identified 22 candidate lncRNAs with evidently dysregulated m6A levels. Among these lncRNAs, we found that ARHGAP5‐AS1 is the lncRNA with the highest levels of m6A modification and significantly increased expression in HCC specimens. METTL14 acts as the m6A writer of ARHGAP5‐AS1 and IGF2BP2 stabilises the lncRNA as its m6A reader. ARHGAP5‐AS1 remarkably promotes malignant behaviours of HCC cells ex vivo and in vivo. We identified oncoprotein CSDE1 working as the interacting protein of the lncRNA and TRIM28 as the E3 ligase of CSDE1 in HCC. Interestingly, ARHGAP5‐AS1 could attenuate interactions between CSDE1 and TRIM28, which prevents the degradation of CSDE1 via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Elevated levels of CSDE1 coordinate oncogenic RNA regulons, promote translation of VIM and RAC1 and activate the ERK pathway, which contributes to HCC prognosis.

Conclusions

Our study reveals a new paradigm in m6A‐modified lncRNAs controlling CSDE1‐mediated oncogenic RNA regulons and highlights lncRNAs as potential targets for future therapeutics against HCC.
Guidelines for cellular and animal models of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wen Yuxi , Ouyang Yuezhen , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhong Ruhui , Huang Qihui , Zhao Chao
Published: November 2022

As a lifelong chronic metabolic disease, there is no effective method to completely eradicate diabetes. In the search for effective treatments, disease models are important as a means of revealing pathogenesis and screening for potentially useful drugs. Insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is not only the basis for the pathogenesis of T2D but also the main thread running through the disease. It is the key to preventing T2D for improving insulin sensitivity and improving IR. Therefore, the construction of IR models is an important technique in T2D research. Most studies have constructed models by actively manipulating cells or animals to simulate disease phenotypes that are similar to human pathogenesis. This guideline provides experimental details for the construction of IR cells and animal models, which is currently the most common, efficient, and stable models used in laboratories for most cells and animals. The guideline for constructing models can help reveal the pathogenesis of T2D and provide a basis for drug screening and development studies for IR‐related diseases.
Iodine Promoted Synthesis of S‐Benzoazolyl Chromones by a Three‐Component One‐Pot Reaction
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Yi , Wang Xi , Yang Cheng‐Li , Dong Zhi‐Bing
Published: November 2022

In the presence of iodine, the synthesis of S‐benzoazolyl chromone derivatives by one‐pot manner is reported. Thus, 2‐aminophenol firstly reacted with tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) to form 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole, and then coupled with 2‐hydroxyphenyl enaminones to obtain S‐benzoazolyl chromones through one‐pot manner. This method features mild conditions, easy operation, environmentally friendliness and wide substrate scopes, illustrating practical application value in organic synthesis.
Research Development in the Traditional Methods and Water Flow Erosion for Natural Gas Hydrate Production: A Review
Authors: Sun Huiru , Chen Bingbing , Zhu Zhenyu , Zhang Lei , Yang Mingjun , Song Yongchen
Published: November 2022

Natural gas hydrates are considered a possible sustainable energy source. Various methods have been proposed and developed in the past few decades to exploit hydrate. The purpose of this paper is to review the research advances, application potential, and limitations of hydrate production methods, including four traditional methods (depressurization, thermal stimulation, inhibitor injection, and CO2 replacement), and novel water flow erosion. For the four traditional methods, there still exist many bottlenecks to achieve commercial hydrate production owing to a series of problems such as vast sand production, ice generation, hydrate reformation, lower energy efficiency, and huge water production. For the water flow erosion method, it can be a novel strategy to promote hydrate decomposition by introducing the chemical potential difference and accelerating mass transfer. Significantly, if the traditional methods assist with water flow erosion, the problems such as insufficient decomposition driving force and ice generation are prevented. However, there is always a gap between the experimental results and the practical application of the water flow erosion method. Therefore, future work should be undertaken to investigate the selection criteria of suitable water flow rates for different reservoirs and the ecological security of the hydrate reservoir during the water flow erosion process.
Study on a matter flux method for staggered essentially Lagrangian hydrodynamics on triangular grids
Authors: Zhao Li , Xiao Bo , Wang Ganghua , Zhao Haibo , Bai Jinsong , Feng Chunsheng , Shu Shi
Published: November 2022

A classical Lagrangian staggered‐grid hydrodynamic (SGH) method on triangular grids is prone to cell‐to‐cell oscillations. The causes of these oscillations can be divided into two categories. One is dissipation and the other is fluid deformation. For dissipation, when the kinematic energy stored on nodes are dissipated into internal energy in cells (shock wave is the most typical case), the dissipated energy may be unevenly assigned among cells, thus causes oscillations. This kind of oscillations can be controlled to a small level through a carefully designed viscous stress tensor or artificial heat flux, as studied widely in references. For fluid deformation, as the grid composed of straight lines cannot deform as flexibly as a continuous fluid, the volume of a grid cell would not accurately represent that of a fluid element, and this volume error will lead to oscillations too. In this article, we study in the SGH framework a matter‐flow method, whose design principle is representing the under‐grid bending motion of fluid elements by matter transport through grid edges. We first derive governing equations of the matter flow velocity defined at each edge of a grid, then derive formulas for the mass, energy, and momentum fluxes on the edge with the matter flow velocity. We test the matter‐flow method in largely deforming fluids problems on triangular meshes. It is shown that serious oscillations arise in the regular SGH simulations, while they are well controlled after implementing the matter‐flow method. In order to get a knowledge about the adaptability of the matter‐flow method, we also test it in shock problems that do not fall within its design goal. For this purpose, an artificial heat flow is introduced in the SGH scheme to play a major role in stabilizing the shock capture. The test results show that the matter‐flow method can help improve the shock simulations. The source code can be downloaded from the GitHub repository:
https://github.com/zhaoli0321/Matterflow.
A comparison of methods for forecasting value at risk and expected shortfall of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Trucíos Carlos , Taylor James W.
Published: November 2022

Several procedures to forecast daily risk measures in cryptocurrency markets have been recently implemented in the literature. Among them, long‐memory processes, procedures taking into account the presence of extreme observations, procedures that include more than a single regime, and quantile regression‐based models have performed substantially better than standard methods in terms of forecasting risk measures. Those procedures are revisited in this paper, and their value at risk and expected shortfall forecasting performance are evaluated using recent Bitcoin and Ethereum data that include periods of turbulence due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the third halving of Bitcoin, and the Lexia class action. Additionally, in order to mitigate the influence of model misspecification and enhance the forecasting performance obtained by individual models, we evaluate the use of several forecast combining strategies. Our results, based on a comprehensive backtesting exercise, reveal that, for Bitcoin, there is no single procedure outperforming all other models, but for Ethereum, there is evidence showing that the GAS model is a suitable alternative for forecasting both risk measures. We found that the combining methods were not able to outperform the better of the individual models.
Multivariate analysis of a missense variant in CREBRF reveals associations with measures of adiposity in people of Polynesian ancestries
Authors: Zhang Jerry Z. , Heinsberg Lacey W. , Krishnan Mohanraj , Hawley Nicola L. , Major Tanya J. , Carlson Jenna C. , Harré Hindmarsh Jennie , Watson Huti , Qasim Muhammad , Stamp Lisa K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Murphy Rinki , Sun Guangyun , Cheng Hong , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututi'a S. , Kershaw Erin E. , Deka Ranjan , McGarvey Stephen T. , Minster Ryan L. , Merriman Tony R. , Weeks Daniel E.
Published: November 2022

The minor allele of rs373863828, a missense variant in CREB3 Regulatory Factor, is associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in Polynesian peoples. To better understand the variant, we tested the association of rs373863828 with a panel of correlated phenotypes (body mass index [BMI], weight, height, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using multivariate Bayesian association and network analyses in a Samoa cohort (n = 1632), Aotearoa New Zealand cohort (n = 1419), and combined cohort (n = 2976). An expanded set of phenotypes (adding estimated fat and fat‐free mass, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal‐hip ratio) was tested in the Samoa cohort (n = 1496). In the Samoa cohort, we observed significant associations (log10 Bayes Factor [BF] ≥ 5.0) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (8.81), weight (8.30), and BMI (6.42). In the Aotearoa New Zealand cohort, we observed suggestive associations (1.5 < log10BF < 5) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (4.60), weight (3.27), and BMI (1.80). In the combined cohort, we observed concordant signals with larger log10BFs. In the Samoa‐specific expanded phenotype analyses, we also observed significant associations between rs373863828 and fat mass (5.65), abdominal circumference (5.34), and hip circumference (5.09). Bayesian networks provided evidence for a direct association of rs373863828 with weight and indirect associations with height and BMI.
A CRISPR Path to Finding Vulnerabilities and Solving Drug Resistance: Targeting the Diverse Cancer Landscape and Its Ecosystem
Authors: McLean Benjamin , Istadi Aji , Clack Teleri , Vankan Mezzalina , Schramek Daniel , Neely G. Gregory , Pajic Marina
Published: November 2022

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with therapeutic resistance being a major cause of treatment failure in the clinic. The dynamic signaling that occurs between tumor cells and the diverse cells of the surrounding tumor microenvironment actively promotes disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Improving the understanding of how tumors evolve following therapy and the molecular mechanisms underpinning de novo or acquired resistance is thus critical for the identification of new targets and for the subsequent development of more effective combination regimens. Simultaneously targeting multiple hallmark capabilities of cancer to circumvent adaptive or evasive resistance may lead to significantly improved treatment response in the clinic. Here, the latest applications of functional genomics tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing, to characterize the dynamic cancer resistance mechanisms, from improving the understanding of resistance to classical chemotherapeutics, to deciphering unique mechanisms that regulate tumor responses to new targeted agents and immunotherapies, are discussed. Potential avenues of future research in combating therapeutic resistance, the contribution of tumor–stroma signaling in this setting, and how advanced functional genomics tools can help streamline the identification of key molecular determinants of drug response are explored.
Investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen‐enriched dual‐fuel engine operated under waste frying oil biodiesel
Authors: Subramanian Jayagopal , Ekambaram Porpatham , Arumugam Senthil Kumar
Published: November 2022

Using nonedible waste frying oil (WFO) as biodiesel and hydrogen in the mix composition may partly replace significant quantities of diesel fuel and help reduce fossil fuel reliance. The combination of diesel fuel, waste‐fired biodiesel, and hydrogen gas can improve the performance, combustion, and emissions of single‐fuel and dual‐fuel diesel engines. This may lead to a novel alternative fuel mix pattern and modification for diesel engines, which is the research gap. Although there has been some research on waste‐fired biodiesel and hydrogen gas‐powered dual‐fuel engines with the goal of partly replacing fossil fuels to a larger degree, there has been very little progress in this area. As a result, the current research effort focuses on using diesel fuel (100%, 30%, and 60%), waste‐fired biodiesel (at 100%, 70%, and 40%), and hydrogen gas as fuel sources (5 and 10 liters per minute [LPM]). According to the current experiment, it was perceived in both dual‐fuel and single‐fuel modes. Under duel‐fuel mode, the engine results for WFOB70D30 + H10 fuel blend had higher 4.2% (brake thermal efficiency [BTE]), 19.72% (oxides of nitrogen [NOx]), and 9.09% (ignition delay [ID]) with a minimal range of (in‐cylinder pressure, MFB, volumetric efficiency and heat release rate [HRR]) and a dropped rate of 4.34% (brake‐specific energy consumption [BSEC]), 33.33% (carbon monoxide [CO]), 39.28% (hydrocarbons [HC]), 9.43% (smoke), and 6.97% (combustion duration [CD]) related to diesel fuel at peak load. However, single‐fuel powered diesel engines provide minimal performance for the WFOB40D60 fuel blend with (11.32% lower BTE and 2.04% higher BSEC) and minimal rate of combustion (lower cylinder pressure, 2.12% minimal CD, 14.72% higher ID, minimal HRR combustion, volumetric efficiency, and MFB). Emitted fewer emissions (9.09% less CO, 4.87% less HC, 0.92% higher NOx, and 1.69% more smoke) than diesel fuel at peak load. Therefore, it was concluded that adding 10 LPM of hydrogen gas to the biodiesel under a dual‐fuel condition leads to better combustion, better performance, and less pollution than the single‐fuel mode of operation.
Neurotoxic mechanisms of triclosan: The antimicrobial agent emerging as a toxicant
Authors: Pullaguri Narasimha , Umale Ashwini , Bhargava Anamika
Published: November 2022

Several scientific studies have suggested a link between increased exposure to pollutants and a rise in the number of neurodegenerative disorders of unknown origin. Notably, triclosan (an antimicrobial agent) is used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1% in various consumer products. Recent studies have also highlighted triclosan as an emerging toxic pollutant due to its increasing global use. However, a definitive link is missing to associate the rising use of triclosan and the growing number of neurodegenerative disorders or neurotoxicity. In this article, we present systematic scientific evidence which are otherwise scattered to suggest that triclosan can indeed induce neurotoxic effects, especially in vertebrate organisms including humans. Mechanistically, triclosan affected important developmental and differentiation genes, structural genes, genes for signaling receptors and genes for neurotransmitter controlling enzymes. Triclosan‐induced oxidative stress impacting cellular proteins and homeostasis which triggers apoptosis. Though the scientific evidence collated in this article unequivocally indicates that triclosan can cause neurotoxicity, further epidemiological studies may be needed to confirm the effects on humans.