bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barberry leaves as an alternative to green tea made from indigenous herbal ingredients
Authors: Aliyassova Valentina , Tarasovskaya Nataliya , Klimenko Mikhail , Korogod Natalya , Assylbekova Gulmira , Tulindinova Gulnar
Published: December 2024

In contemporary times, the use of plant-based alternatives for conventional black tea has gained significance as a result of the prevailing clichés around healthy eating. It is suggested to utilise the leaves of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) as a raw material for tea production in industries, instead of using berries. Special investigations have demonstrated that some types of woody and shrub plants in Kazakhstan possess the unique ability to accumulate heavy metals in their leaves. These plants serve as bioindicators of pollution in the region. Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) does not possess a notable capacity to absorb heavy metals. The authors have formulated the raw material composition and brewing process, elucidated the health-enhancing properties of tea, and evaluated the potential of barberry leaves (Berberis vulgaris) as a substitute for green tea. An analysis was conducted to determine the microelement composition of barberry leaves in terms of mineral elements. The investigation of using indigenous wild and cultural flora as a possible supply of essential raw materials for the development of tea substitutes and tea beverages is a topic of study in several places worldwide.
Modeling the impact of pollinator biodiversity on the resilience of agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Tynchenko Vadim , Kozlova Anastasia , Biryukova Tatiana , Losev Aleksey , Ashmarina Tatyana
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on examining the factors that influence the yield of wild blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), taking into account ecological and agronomic aspects. In the context of climate change and declining pollinator populations, food security has become a pressing issue. Successful pollination determines the quantity and quality of harvests, including berries. The research utilized data on the habitat characteristics of blueberries, including pollinator density (honeybees, bumblebees, wild bees) and climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation). Statistical methods, such as correlation and factor analysis, were applied to identify relationships between yield and the influencing factors. The results showed that high blueberry yields are associated with the presence of pollinators and climatic conditions. Positive correlations were observed between seed quantity and yield, as well as negative correlations between clone size and fruit set. These findings underscore the importance of pollinator diversity and optimal climatic conditions. The study highlights the need to preserve pollinator biodiversity and optimize agronomic practices in the face of climate change. The results can be used to develop recommendations for improving blueberry cultivation methods and increasing yields.
Assessment of groundwater levels and mineralization in irrigated areas using geographic information systems (a case study of Buvayda district)
Authors: Samiyev Luqmon , Akramov Jamoliddin , Eshboyev Navruz , Xodjimuxamedova Shaxida , Makhmudov Bekzod
Published: December 2024

Today, there is an increase in the level of underground water and an increase in mineralization in irrigated areas. These situations have a negative impact on the agro-economic development of countries engaged in irrigated agriculture. The increase in the level of underground water and the increase in mineralization cause the acceleration of the salinization process in the irrigated areas. This, in turn, leads to the loss of soil fertility and the problem of food shortage. During the 12 months of 2023, changes in the level and mineralization of underground water in irrigated fields of Buvayda district of Fergana region were evaluated. Traditional methods and GIS technologies were used to analyze the obtained results. The results of the study show that the average monthly values of the groundwater level in the district are 2.05 m and 2.27 m in April and July, respectively, and 2.38 m in October. The mineralization level of the groundwater changed during the months as follows: it showed 2.06 g/l in April, 2.10 g/l in July and 2.18 g/l in October.
Strength assessment of tunnel lining considering soil conditions
Authors: Salyamova Klara , Kadirova Sharofat
Published: December 2024

At present, Tashkent city operates low-depth frame-type underground railway stations. There are currently no single-arch deep metro stations designed. As the city's economic potential and population density continue to grow, there is a pressing need to create deep stations. Consequently, it is necessary to calculate the strength of the lining while considering the surrounding soil. The authors propose a method for calculating the lining of a structure in accordance with the design standards for deep underground structures, which makes it possible to determine the strength of the most vulnerable areas. An example of calculating the lining of a single-arch deep “Beruniy-Karakamysh” metro station is given; it may be applicable in design. The calculation results for a specific station were presented to Tashkent Metroproject LLC for further use in the design of similar structures.
Identification of plankton populations in the surface waters of the Azov Sea based on neural network structures of various architectures
Authors: Sukhinov Alexander , Sidoryakina Valentina , Solomakha Denis
Published: December 2024

In recent years, deep learning technology has been widely used to solve the problem of recognizing the boundaries of structures on the surface of a reservoir. This technology opens up significant opportunities for the use of aerospace methods of geoecological forecasting. The purpose of this work is to identify plankton populations on the surface of the Sea of Azov, using remote sensing data, including space images of the Earth. Machine learning algorithms for segmentation of these structures on the surface of the reservoir, based on convolutional neural networks with the following architectures, are built: U-Net, FCN32, SegNet, DelitedSegNet, U-Net (transposed convolutional). A comparison of the used neural network models based on the IoU (Intersection over Union) metric is carried out. The highest accuracy was demonstrated by the algorithm created on the basis of the U-Net neural network architecture. The results obtained can be used to create maps of the distribution of plankton populations and assess water quality.
Biological pump model for water column as a part of Earth-system model
Authors: Chernov Ilya , Tolstikov Alexey , Blagodatskikh Dmitry , Onoprienko Vladimir
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a model of ocean ecosystem to serve as a component of the global Earth System Model. The global ocean circulation model was forced by a fixed atmospheric influence following the CORE-II protocol. Arbitrary number of advected scalars allowed configuring biogeochemical block only balancing between detailed description and computational performance. A quasi-equilibrium model of an ecosystem in a seawater column, suitable for computationally complex climate calculations, was developed, taking into account nitrogen and/or phosphorus based nutrients, gravitational deposition of suspended organic matter and transformation of carbon compounds. A software interface was developed in order to seamlessly interact between geophysical and biogeochemical components of the model. Test calculations have been performed on the INM RAS computing cluster for 160 years, and the results are presented. It is shown that the calculated fields do not contradict typical distributions available in literature and open atlases. Seasonality in plankton production, dissolved organic carbon, CO2 concentrations and suspended matter is clearly observed.
Bio-Tech Innovations: Bridging Biology and Technology for Inclusive Support
Authors: Ibraimov Kholboy , Umaralieva Mukhayyo , Abduganieva Shakhista , Shamshetova Anjim , Sharipov Azizbek , Safarova Elmira
Published: December 2024

The convergence of biotechnology and technology offers transformative potential for healthcare, particularly in underserved regions and marginalized populations. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that advocate for tailored, culturally relevant innovations to improve health outcomes. Key advancements discussed include decentralized healthcare strategies, such as microfluidics and telemedicine, which address specific challenges faced by developing nations. The role of personalized medicine, driven by genetic insights and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, is highlighted as essential for managing complex health conditions. Additionally, the implications of emerging digital solutions, including the Internet of Things and block chain, are examined for their capacity to enhance healthcare access and empower patients. Ethical considerations surrounding biotechnology, particularly regarding health disparities, underscore the need for equitable access and community involvement. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative technologies into healthcare delivery systems to foster inclusivity and reduce health inequalities. By focusing on the unique contexts of diverse populations, these innovations aim to disrupt conventional models and promote sustainable, effective health solutions.
Alternative socio-political strategies for solving environmental problems
Authors: Boltaeva Mokhichekhra , Isakulova Nilufar
Published: December 2024

This article on ecological problems and solutions to their potential showed one series alternative socio-political strategies to learn directed. It is this of strategies, main principles, mechanisms and effect learns and their environment of management wide in context role each bilaterally to understand provides. This research, through an article on global stability in pursuit of innovative and inclusive approaches, emphasizes the importance of emphasizing ecological problems as an efficient and fair solution to do according to the discussion contribution to add strives.
Human potential and capital of BRICS countries in sustainable development goals system
Authors: Ugnich Ekaterina , Kazakova Aminat , Tkacheva Olga
Published: December 2024

It is of great importance to recognize the potential of humanity at the national level and to strive to realize it in order to achieve sustainable development goals. The paper attempts to shed light on the features of human potential and human capital in BRICS countries through the lens of sustainable development goals. Furthermore, it illustrates the interconnection between human capital and economic growth. The Human Potential Index (HDI) and Human Capital Index (HCI) are presented as key indicators of human capital development and human potential in BRICS countries. We would like to respectfully propose a potential link between these indices and sustainable development goals. The research is based on an analysis of the relationship between the HDI and HCI, as well as the HCI and GDP (PPP) of the BRICS countries in 2024, with a view to identifying potential areas for further investigation. The results of the analysis indicate a high correlation between the level of development of human potential and human capital, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.84 for the HDI and HCI of BRICS countries. The analysis, which is based on the con-struction of a positioning map, has allowed us to propose a tentative division of the BRICS countries into three groups. It would be fair to say that three countries (UAE, Saudi Arabia and Russia) are in a relatively privileged position in terms of their NSI and GDP (PPP) per capita. The group of countries with relatively low GDP (PPP) per capita and high HCI includes two countries: China and Iran. The group with low levels of both HCI and GDP (PPP) per capita includes the remaining five BRICS countries. The presented cross-country analysis could potentially serve as a tool for identifying potential avenues for human capital development, economic growth, and inter-country cooperation of the BRICS countries in the context of achieving sustainable development goals.
The use of national values in forming the ecological world view of students
Authors: Olimov Shirinboy , Artikov Oybek , Murodova Maksuda
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the problems of formation of the worldview of students, establishment of relations between man and nature, rational use of natural resources in the process of education. Moreover, it is devoted to implementation of issues of constructive duties regarding students’ learning to maintain and protect the environment, the attitude towards natural resources, which is one of the global problems in the world, the rational use of the universal resources of water, plants and animals, the development of students’ ecological outlook, environmental awareness. Forming the content of the ecological worldview through the integration of subjects in school, developing a system of invariant and variable tasks, creating methodologies, supporting themin practice, developing a system of continuity and coherence, organizing a pedagogical experiment and testing, and the results of effectiveness are illustrated.
Formulation of a basic tourist and recreational framework of the Tyumen region
Authors: Podryadchikova Ekaterina , Podkovyrova Marina , Kucherov Dmitry
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research on the principles, factors and conditions for building a basic tourist and recreational framework and its purpose in the system of rational nature management and socio-economic development of the region. The purpose of the study is to frame the sustainable development of the territory of municipal districts, ensuring the maximum possible preservation of the state of the natural and territorial complex in the formation of a territorial model of the tourist and recreational framework. The Tyumen Region has been accepted as an object of research and approbation.
Green bonds as a source of financing: Trends
Authors: Bisultanova Aza
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the concept of green bonds as a financial instrument aimed at supporting environmentally significant projects. It describes the history of their emergence, starting with the issuance of the first Climate Awareness Bonds by the European Investment Bank in 2007 and the first official green bonds of the World Bank in 2008. Key differences between green bonds and traditional debt instruments are discussed, including the targeted use of the raised funds to finance projects in the field of renewable energy, waste treatment, water treatment and green transport. Special attention is paid to the development of the green bond market. The article also notes the economic advantages of green bonds, such as the ability to attract financing at lower rates, and reputational benefits for issuers supporting the environmental agenda.
Organization and activities of offices and societies on the issue of ecology in the Turkestan general governorate
Authors: Akhmedova Rashidakhon , Marozikov Akmaljon
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to reveal the organization of offices and societies on the issue of ecology in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century and their place in the ecological situation and environmental protection in the country, as well as the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the problem. Research methods. Research methods such as historical analysis and synthesis, chronological-comparative analysis, civilizational approach, synergetic method and objectivity were used in the research. Report on the main results of the research: Firstly, ecological offices and societies established in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. Secondly, it was justified that he tried to find a solution to existing problems by studying information about flora and fauna, water resources, climate and natural disasters, epidemics and sanitary conditions in the region. Thirdly, it has been revealed that they are striving to ensure environmental protection by sending appeals to the government regarding environmental issues in the country and their solutions.
Countries ecology and transport infrastructure sustainable development based on partnership between the state and business
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Androsova Irina , Anisimov Alexander
Published: December 2024

Recently, companies operating in the global space have been applying the ESG principles in their practice, which are the basis for the sustainable development of the country. The purpose of this article is to develop recommendations on the use in domestic practice of various tools for the development of ecology and transport infrastructure on the basis of partnership between the state and business. The development of these recommendations is based on the results of studying the ESG concept and the specifics of public-business partnership in domestic and foreign practice. The objectives of the study are: to study the stages of development of the ESG concept in the global space; to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of public-business partnerships in the world and in Russia; to assess the current state of the European public- business partnership market for the implementation of projects in the field of transport and ecology; to analyze the ranking of countries according to the ESG index. The article examines the historical stages of the development of the ESG concept at the global level; presents digital data characterizing the state of the European market for the implementation of projects based on the principles of ESG; The ranking of countries according to the ESG index for 2022-2023 is analyzed. Recommendations for the sustainable development of transport infrastructure with minimal negative impact on the environment, based on methods and practices used in foreign countries, are presented.
Revolutionizing agro-industrial business models through sustainable marketing strategies
Authors: Medvedeva Yulia , Konkin Valentin , Krayevsky Vladislav , Osadchaya Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the research of the possibilities of sustainable marketing to influence the transformation of business models for sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises. The evolution of the concept of marketing management is in the direction of co-creation of value with the consumer and organization of effective interaction with stakeholders. Sustainable consumer behavior is, on the one hand, a factor determining changes in the business processes of agro-industrial enterprises. On the other hand, companies that transform their business models taking into account the achievement of long-term social and environmental goals, involving consumers in the co-creation of sustainable development ideas, form consumer models of lean sustainable behavior. The following directions for adapting the business models of agro- industrial companies based on sustainable development marketing are substantiated: optimizing the costs of product development and promotion to improve the pricing strategy for environmentally friendly products, developing ways to interact and involve consumers in the processes of creating and promoting sustainable development values.
Optimal farm development: Mathematical model and method of calculation based on ESIC
Authors: Zhusupbaeva Gulzat , Zhusupbaev Nurbek , Asankulova Mayramkan , Belek uulu Esenbek , Sharshembieva Farizat
Published: December 2024

The paper develops a mathematical model of the problem of optimization of livestock production, which determines the best development of the farm and the appropriate amount of investment (credit). The performance of the model is shown on the data of the Educational-Scientific-Innovation Center at the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University named after K. I. Skryabin.
Maintaining the reliability of agricultural machinery in the complex of developing an engineering and technical system
Authors: Kataev Yuri , Malykha Ekaterina , Gradov Evgeniy
Published: December 2024

The increase in the reliability of agricultural machinery is ensured by the efficiency of the machine repair and maintenance system and the engineering and technical service of the agro-industrial complex, which meets the requirements of progressive technologies for their support throughout the entire life cycle. The article presents the principles of development of the engineering and technical system for maintaining the reliability of agricultural machinery based on the use of digital technologies. It is noted that at present the engineering and technical system in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is characterized by insufficient efficiency due to the outdated organizational and managerial structure for the provision of technical services and the low level of technical readiness of agricultural machinery, which does not provide agricultural producers with the required level of its reliability. The proposed modern engineering and technical system of the agro-industrial complex with the introduction of digital and resource-saving technologies, including remote diagnostics of machines, is able to ensure resource conservation, increase the technical level, quality and reliability of equipment.
Bibliometric Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil-Vegetable System on CiteSpace
Authors: Jiang Jing , Cui Shuang , Lv Lianghe , Jiang Jianyu , Zhu Ziyue
Published: December 2024

In order to ensure the improvement of crop yield, the use of pesticides has gradually increased, resulting in a large number of pesticide residues in environmental media such as soil. In this paper, the data are derived from the Web of Science (WOS) database, and the literature in the field of soil-vegetable pesticide pollution from 2001 to 2024 is visually analyzed by using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 visualization software, and the current status and future development trend of related research in this field are discussed. The results show that the number of papers published in the field of soil-vegetable pesticide pollution is generally on the rise, and China, the United States, India and other countries have the largest number of papers, and the research institutions are mainly the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. From the keyword center and frequency analysis, the main research hotspots are pesticide residues, detection methods and degradation mechanisms in soil-vegetables. From the perspective of keyword prominence analysis, the important direction of future research in this field will focus on the food safety of pesticide residues and sustainable agriculture.
Research on Application of Nanomaterials in Agriculture
Authors: Mai Hon Tik
Published: December 2024

The agriculture sector is grappling with significant challenges, including declining crop yields due to soil degradation, increasing pest resistance to conventional pesticides, and the pressing need for sustainable farming practices to mitigate environmental degradation. Over the past three decades, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field, offering innovative solutions to these issues. This article sorts out the previous work of nanotechnology applied in the field of pesticides, fertilizers, animal husbandry and food testing, and obtains that nanomaterials can improve the utilization rate of pesticides and reduce the loss rate, while also improving the effectiveness of fertilizers to achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer usage and increasing production. In animal husbandry, nanoparticles can improve the utilization of nutritional additives. Meanwhile, nanoparticles have certain antibacterial and antiviral activity, which can solve the problem of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella etc. towards antimicrobial drugs. Nanoparticles as immune adjuvants can also improve the immune effect of vaccines on animals. In the field of food testing, bio-nanosensors can detect bacteria and viruses quickly and accurately to improve food safety, while Raman optical sensors prepared by metal nanoparticles have a broad prospect in the field of drug residue detection. However, the toxicity of nanomaterials and their potential safety hazards for human beings need to be emphasized. Based on the safety assessment of nanomaterials, it is our aim to make good use of nanotechnology and achieve further innovative results in the agricultural field.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Design Research on Greenhouse Fans Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhao Haokai
Published: December 2024

In the context of escalating global political volatility, ensuring food security has risen to the forefront of national priorities. With modern technology driving the advancement of greenhouse farming techniques, optimizing the internal climate, particularly temperature and wind speed, within glass greenhouses has become crucial for maximizing crop output and quality. To find the climate conditions that promote the optimal growth of crops, we developed a mathematical model grounded in conservation principles to estimate temperature and wind speed distribution across greenhouse cross-sections. Leveraging response surface methodology and finite difference techniques, we explored the impact of adjusting greenhouse fan position and warm air outlet velocity on ventilation conditions. Our findings reveal that The use of a single fan placement to maintain the wind speed of 0.3 to 1m/s and to stabilize the room temperature between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius can achieve a uniform temperature distribution and a favorable growing environment under the premise of energy conservation and environmental protection. This optimized fan design, tailored to local conditions, promises healthier crop growth, reduced pest and disease incidences, and improved energy efficiency, underscoring the potential of greenhouse farming to address food security challenges amidst global uncertainties.
Study on salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant characteristics of Bacillus velezensis ZX101
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Liu Hui
Published: December 2024

To explore the salt tolerance and drought resistance characteristics of B. velezensis ZX101, this study investigates the potential of the strain to thrive in adverse environmental conditions. By analyzing the effects of different NaCl concentrations and salinity on the growth of the strain, the study examines the impact of NaCl concentration on the intracellular protein content, soluble sugar content, and relative permeability of the cell membrane. Additionally, the growth conditions of the strain in a simulated drought environment with different additions of PEG6000 are explored. The results indicate: (1) Increased NaCl concentrations prolong the lag phase and reduce biomass; (2) In addition to NaCl, strain ZX101 can also tolerate other salts such as NaNO2, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2; (3) As NaCl concentration increases, the intracellular protein content and soluble sugar content increase, and cell permeability rises from 13.63% to 31.45%; (4) Enhanced drought stress slows down the growth of the strain, but overall, it can resist severe drought stress, potentially due to spore formation. Conclusion: Strain ZX101 could provide a theoretical basis for abiotic stress agricultural solutions based on rhizobacteria.
Grading Related Feature Extraction of Chinese Mitten Crab Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Sun Dawei , Li Jiangtao , Li Zhuo , Zhou Chengquan , Lu Yingfeng , Ye Hongbao
Published: December 2024

The current grading of Chinese Mitten crab relies primarily on manual observation and weighing, resulting in high labor intensity, high cost, and low efficiency. These limitations no longer meet the requirements for the rapid development of crab industry. This study utilizes computer vision and deep learning to rapidly extract physiological features including gender, carapace length and width for grading. A YOLOv5- seg model was trained with 764 RGB images and manually measured physiological traits of Chinese mitten crabs. The performance of the constructed models in recognizing genders and predicting carapace length and width was evaluated. The results demonstrate an average accuracy rate of 100% for gender recognition. The average absolute percentage error was 1.5% for measuring the carapace length and width. The results of this study may facilitate the development of non-destructive high-precision crab grading systems and devices for the aquaculture industry.
The Cellular and Molecular Biology of Aging
Authors: Mo Ergaosi
Published: December 2024

Aging is characterized as a complex biological process, marked by a progressive diminution in physiological capacities and an escalated susceptibility to diverse diseases. This trajectory detrimentally affects individual well-being and exerts considerable strain on healthcare frameworks and economic stability. Effective methods to prevent and reverse aging have been explored in academic research and clinical settings for a long time. However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of anti-aging measures still need to be further verified. This article provides insight into specific biological mechanisms associated with aging, such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the complex role of autophagic activity, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and epigenetics with aging is also discussed, emphasizing the importance of understanding these processes for aging interventions.
Fermentation optimization and activity evaluation of soybean by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dong Xiaorui , Zhao Chen , Ma Shunan , Deng Rui , Yan Shigan
Published: December 2024

Soybean is a common food and feed raw material. It is widely used as a raw material for various processing and production. In this paper, the Bacillus subtilis stored in the laboratory was used to fermentation soybean, and the viable number of fermentation products was used as the fermentation index to carry out the experimental single factor experiment to screen the best single factor fermentation conditions: fermentation temperature 37℃, fermentation time 24 h, stacking height 5.6 cm, inoculum amount 6%, moisture content 52%. Aqueous extract of Unfermented soybean flour (SF) and fermented soybean flour (FSF) was determined for antioxidant and carbohydrate inhibition and peptide content. The results showed that the content of polypeptide, antioxidant activity and anti-sugar activity of FSF were improved.
Effect of Microbial Fermentation on The Yield of Vfas for Kitchen Waste Decomposition
Authors: Feng Kaiwen
Published: December 2024

Fruit and vegetable waste is an important kind of kitchen waste, its production can not be underestimated. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced can be used as an added carbon source for microbial fermentation. This paper studied the effect of volatile fatty acids in the process of spring anaerobic hydrolysis, and investigated the concentration and composition of VFAs and the conversion rate of VS (volatile solid) over time. The results showed that in the intermittent mode of pH 6 and temperature of 35℃, the acid production of fruit and vegetable waste in spring was good, and the conversion rate of VFAs was 0.36g ·(gVfed ) -1.
Mammites contagieuses à E coli chez des bovins
Authors: Salat Olivier , Lemaire Guillaume , Perrot Florent
Published: December 2024

Les pathogènes mammaires sont classiquement classés en deux catégories : les contagieux (Streptococcus agalactiae et Staphylococcus aureus) et ceux d’origine environnementale (Escherichia coli et Streptococcus uberis). Cette classification est souvent confirmée par les observations terrain mais pas toujours.
Un cas clinique est illustré ici dans lequel des infections mammaires sont dues à une souche unique d’Escherichia coli qui se contamine d’une vache à l’autre, au cours de la traite.
Les méthodes d’investigation utilisées sont décrites, les facteurs de risque, identifiés et en est conclue la dynamique d’infection propre à cet élevage.

Sa compréhension est fondamentale à la mise en œuvre de mesures immédiates et prioritaires indispensables à la résolution du problème.
En pratique, la caractérisation des souches bactériennes a une importance épidémiologique plus grande que son appartenance à une famille de pathogènes mammaires précise.
L’élevage de veaux de boucherie : état des lieux sur les problèmes de bien-être
Authors: Lensink Joop , Leruste Hélène
Published: December 2024

La production de veaux de boucherie a été longtemps critiquée pour ses conditions d’élevage peu favorables au bien-être animal (logement individuel, alimentation liquide et ferriprive, manque de stimulation pour les veaux) qui avaient pour conséquence un manque d’activité locomotrice de veaux ou des niveaux élevés de comportements anormaux.

Cette production a connu de grands bouleversements ces deux dernières décennies et notamment depuis 2007, date de la mise en application définitive de la directive européenne pour la protection des veaux (directive 97/2/CE, amendée en 2008, 2008/119/CE).

Les veaux sont désormais logés en groupes et la conduite alimentaire a été modifiée avec l’obligation d’introduire des fibres dans la ration. La directive fixe également les niveaux d’hémoglobine à atteindre pour chaque veau.

Ces nouvelles conditions ont permis d’améliorer considérablement l’image de la production et d’offrir un environnement plus favorable au bien-être des veaux.

Toutefois, certains problèmes persistent et constituent un enjeu d’amélioration pour la filière dans les années à venir. Ainsi, le niveau de comportements oraux "anormaux" comme les jeux de langue ou des activités orales dirigées vers l’environnement ou les congénères, reste élevé. Les recherches doivent continuer à cibler le type de fibres et les quantités à distribuer pour augmenter le niveau de mastication et de rumination et ainsi, diminuer ces comportements anormaux, ainsi que les affections digestives.

Chez les veaux de boucherie, on retrouve notamment une hyperkératinisation de la paroi du rumen, et des ulcères de la caillette. Les quantités et types d’alimentation liquide et solide restent à explorer pour limiter ces phénomènes.
Ration à base de concentrés
pour taurillons
Authors: Enjalbert Francis
Published: December 2024

Les rations à base de concentrés couramment utilisées pour l’engraissement des taurillons doivent être adaptées à l’évolution des besoins alimentaires tout au long de la période d’engraissement.

Pendant les 5 à 6 premières semaines, la quantité de concentrés doit augmenter progressivement, avec une distribution en quantité bien maîtrisée.

Après cette période d’adaptation, les céréales représentent plus des deux tiers de la ration, et sont mises à disposition à volonté.

Un apport de fibres longues, par exemple sous forme de paille de bonne qualité, de préférence hachée, doit être assuré pour limiter les risques d’acidose.
Mycotoxines dans les céréales : prévention et gestion des risques
Authors: Orlando Béatrice
Published: December 2024

La prévention des risques liés aux mycotoxines dans les céréales découle de l’évaluation des risques identifiés. Elle est différente selon que le pathogène responsable des contaminations se développe à des Aw élevées comme au champ, ou bien faibles comme au stockage.
Au champ, en raison de la multiplicité des facteurs agro-climatiques et des techniques culturales entrant en jeu, la prévention se conduit au cas par cas, c’est-à-dire pour chaque couple mycotoxine/grain. Elle s’est beaucoup développée depuis 30 ans, mais elle n’est documentée correctement que sur quelques mycotoxines : aflatoxines, déoxynivalénol, zéaralénone et fumonisines, ainsi que sur l’ergot et ses alcaloïdes.
Au stockage, cette prévention s’articule essentiellement autour de l’ochratoxine A et des aflatoxines. Concernant les aflatoxines, leur présence sur le territoire Français est sporadique au champ, voire inexistante au stockage mais ne doit pas être écartée dans un contexte de changement climatique compte tenu de leur dangerosité.

Arvalis-Institut du végétal a sollicité les agriculteurs à travers la mise en place d’enquêtes à la parcelle. Entre 2000 et 2016, près de 10 000 parcelles de maïs, de blé tendre, de blé dur, d’orge, triticale, de seigle et d’avoine ont ainsi fait l’objet d’un suivi : enregistrement des informations sur l’itinéraire technique de chaque parcelle, collecte d’un échantillon pour analyse de mycotoxines, et récupération des données météorologiques de chaque situation. Chaque campagne climatique étant unique, ces enquêtes sont renouvelées chaque année afin de mieux comprendre les facteurs agro-climatiques en cause dans les contaminations, d’identifier les actions de prévention à mettre en œuvre et de développer des outils d’aide à la gestion des mycotoxines.
L’exposition des animaux d'élevage aux contaminants environnementaux :
comment garantir la sécurité alimentaire ?
Authors: Feidt Cyril , Fournier Agnès , Collas Claire , Lerch Sylvain , Toussaint Hervé , Delannoy Matthieu , Jurjanz Stefan , Rychen Guido
Published: December 2024

Les activités humaines ont généré une pollution de l'environnement par des polluants organiques persistants. Ces composés sont caractérisés par une persistance dans les sols et une capacité à être bioaccumulés chez l'animal.
En fonction de la toxicité de ces substances, des valeurs limites dans les denrées animales sont fixées afin de protéger la santé humaine.

Cet article traite de ce sujet en quatre points :
1. il montre que la gestion de ce type de polluants diffère significativement de celle des résidus de médicaments vétérinaires ;
2. une rapide description de ces polluants est donnée en montrant les principales voies d'exposition des animaux d'élevage ;
3. le comportement typique de ces contaminants chez l'animal est résumé ;
4. différentes options de gestion de crise sont décrites.
"Jeunes bovins verts" et infestation par Parafilaria bovicola :
enquête cas-témoin en élevage
Authors: Enfrein Julien , Oudot Nicolas , Lehébel Anne , Brisseau Nadine , Chartier Christophe
Published: December 2024

L’abattoir de la Châtaigneraie (85) observe depuis quelques années sur les jeunes bovins de race Blonde d’Aquitaine et Parthenaise des lésions de cellulite éosinophilique donnant une coloration vert-jaunâtre au tissu conjonctif sous-cutané (Jeunes Bovins verts ou JB verts). Une caractérisation (période d'abattage, âge, race, poids de carcasse) des jeunes bovins abattus (JB verts et JB normaux) et une enquête épidémiologique cas-témoin en élevage dans l’ouest de la France ont été réalisées.
Le traitement des données d’abattoir correspondantes et l’analyse du questionnaire sur la conduite d’élevage à destination des éleveurs ont permis de montrer que les lésions de cellulite éosinophilique sont saisonnières et sont retrouvées sur des jeunes bovins nés dans plus de 80 p. cent des cas au cours du premier semestre de l’année précédente.

La saison de vêlage, l’historique de saisie pour myosite éosinophilique et la présence de kératoconjonctivite infectieuse bovine apparaissent comme des facteurs de risque associés en élevage.
L’expression clinique de la Parafilariose bovine est observée par les vétérinaires dans 1,5 p. cent des troupeaux, principalement au mois de mai et juin.
Ces résultats renforcent l’hypothèse d’une implication de P. bovicola dans les lésions de cellulite éosinophilique observées en abattoir.
Les jeunes bovins concernés s’infesteraient au pâturage au cours de leurs 6 premiers mois de vie et seraient pour la plupart abattus avant la phase d’expression clinique de la maladie.
Comment prendre en charge une plaie des lèvres,
des naseaux ou de la langue chez le cheval ?
Authors: Robert Mickaël , Manneveau Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Les lèvres, les naseaux et la langue sont des organes à forte mobilité. La prise en charge des plaies dans ces régions doit tenir compte de ce facteur afin d’éviter les déhiscences post-opératoires.
La plaie est abordée de manière classique avec un débridement de celle-ci.
Une cicatrisation par première intention est la plupart du temps choisie afin d’améliorer le pronostic esthétique et fonctionnel.

La suture est le plus souvent effectuée en plusieurs plans à l’aide notamment de points de tension afin de permettre une reconstruction précise de l’organe et d’éviter les déhiscences.
Diagnostic et traitements d’une carie infundibulaire chez le cheval
Authors: Pearce Chris
Published: December 2024

La médecine dentaire équine a connu une évolution significative dans la dernière décennie. De meilleures possibilités d’investigation orale nous ont permis de mieux reconnaître et de mieux définir les affections dentaires.
La carie infundibulaire des machelières maxillaire est une de ces affections que nous comprenons mieux. Avec le développement des techniques de restauration dentaires applicables chez le cheval, il est maintenant possible de prévenir l’évolution des caries infundibulaires vers une fracture dentaire avec sinusite secondaire associé.

Cet article décrit l’anatomie et la pathologie des infundibulums dentaire ainsi que le diagnostic des caries, leur traitement et le pronostic associé.
Techniques d'extraction et de répulsion des molaires et prémolaires
sur cheval debout
Authors: Robert Mickaël , Manneveau Guillaume
Published: December 2024

L’exodontie des dents molaires et prémolaires est le traitement le plus fréquent des affections pulpaires et alvéolaires, des caries infundibulaires ou de malposition, en cas de fractures impliquant leur région apicale.
Elle vise à diminuer la douleur et les anomalies d'usure et à résoudre les signes d’infections. Elle est aujourd'hui réalisée de plus en plus fréquemment sur cheval debout tranquillisé.
La technique d’extraction par voie orale est la technique d'exodontie de choix, associée à un taux de succès supérieur à 80 p. cent, à un faible taux de complication et doit toujours être tentée en première intention.
En cas d’échec ou si la couronne de la dent à retirer est trop courte ou trop délabrée pour être saisie par les daviers à extraction, une répulsion au moyen de broches de Steinmann de petit diamètre peut être réalisée.

Une technique minimale invasive par voie transbuccale a été récemment développée pour faire face aux situations où la couronne dentaire est très abimée ou inaccessible. Celle-ci implique l'utilisation d’un matériel spécifique introduit par une mini-buccotomie afin de travailler avec un alignement direct des instruments et de la dent à retirer sous contrôle endoscopique.
Après retrait de la dent, un pansement dentaire est classiquement utilisé jusqu'au comblement de l'alvéole par du tissu de granulation.
Démarche diagnostique face à une suspicion d’intoxication
chez le cheval
Authors: Royer Mathilde , Cadoré Jean-Luc
Published: December 2024

Le cheval est un animal particulièrement sensible aux intoxications, en raison de sa physiologie et de ses habitudes alimentaires.

Les intoxications dans l’espèce équine peuvent prendre des formes très variées et frustes, ce qui rend leur diagnostic particulièrement difficile et fastidieux.
En effet, de très nombreux symptômes peuvent intervenir en cas d’intoxication.

Les plus fréquents sont les symptômes digestifs (ptyalisme, diarrhée, coliques, …), puis les troubles nerveux (tremblements, convulsions, décubitus, …) et les troubles cardio-vasculaires (tachycardie, choc hypovolémique, congestion des muqueuses, œdèmes, …).

Pour mettre en évidence une intoxication chez le cheval de manière précise, il est donc indispensable d’avoir recours à une démarche précise et rigoureuse, depuis le recueil des commémoratifs jusqu’à la rédaction du compte-rendu final, en passant par le recueil de l’anamnèse, la réalisation d’un examen clinique complet et d’éventuels examens complémentaires.

Le vétérinaire en charge du cas doit conserver un esprit critique et le plus objectif possible afin de ne négliger aucun détail lui permettant le diagnostic d’intoxication
Intoxication par la liqueur de Fowler
chez un cheval
Authors: Maupu Sandrine , Kammerer Martine
Published: December 2024

Cet article rapporte le cas d’un cheval qui a présenté des signes d’intoxication par l’arsenic après avoir reçu un traitement par la liqueur de Fowler à base d’anhydride arsénieux.
Le médicament a été administré directement dans la bouche, et non dans l’aliment comme recommandé.

Le cheval a présenté des ulcères buccaux, de l’abattement, une polydipsie et une polypnée, puis une diarrhée et un ictère.
L’analyse de sang montre une déshydratation et une augmentation de la bilirubinémie.

Un traitement à base de flunixine et de ceftiofur a été mis en place.
Le cheval s’est rétabli rapidement, et la concentration en bilirubine mesurée 8 jours plus tard est revenue à la normale.

La liqueur de Fowler reste utilisée dans le milieu hippique en raison d’un possible effet eupnéique, et cette pratique peut représenter une source d’intoxication par l’arsenic minéral, avec effet caustique sur les muqueuses, vasodilatation, et inhibition de différentes enzymes à groupes thiol.

Dans les cas graves, on observe une gastroentérite hémorragique et une défaillance circulatoire rapidement mortelle. Il existe un antidote, le dimercaprol, mais c’est un traitement coûteux, à utiliser avec précaution lors d’insuffisance hépatique ou rénale.
Comment utiliser les antibiotiques pour le traitement
des endométrites infectieuses de la jument
Authors: Mangold Laurent
Published: December 2024

Le traitement des endométrites infectieuses de la jument s’est longtemps appuyé sur l’antibiothérapie. Les règles de pharmacocinétique et de pharmacodynamie des antibiotiques sont des contraintes qui rendent l’utilisation des antibiotiques pour le traitement des endométrites infectieuses de la jument perfectible.

Les caractéristiques temps dépendant d’un antibiotique sont rarement respectés in utero. Le traitement de référence de l’endométrite est une combinaison de lavage utérin et d’utilisation d’agents ecboliques.

Nous avons montré qu’un recours limité des antibiotiques lors du traitement des endométrites infectieuses au profit d’une utilisation exclusive des lavages utérins n’a aucun effet délétère sur la fertilité fin de saison (cf étude clinique, 2019).

La prise en charge des endométrites s’inscrit dans une démarche de gestion globale de la fertilité et doit s’appuyer sur un focus particulier vis-à-vis de l’hygiène de la monte, de l’hygiène de la mise bas et sur une maîtrise de l’involution utérine post-partum pour obtenir un statut sanitaire utérin idéal avant la mise à la reproduction. Le suivi gynécologique doit donc comprendre une gestion préventive de l’inflammation induite et une détection précoce échographique des signes d’anormalités en pré-ovulatoire et en post-saillie.
Les mots qui font guérir l’enfant
Authors: Abramson Irit
Published: December 2024

Personne ne connait les mots qui font guérir l’enfant. Lui seul peut les trouver ou, par ses conduites, induire des questions faisant écho à sa souffrance. Ce qu’il éprouve cherche toujours à se faire entendre, non seulement à travers le langage parlé, mais avec tout ce qui fait langage. Il n’y a pas de symptôme qui ne s’accompagne d’un quelconque indice moteur ayant déjà eu une fonction de communication. L’enfant s’y réfère comme à une manière de dire.

L’auteur explique la notion de remémoration à partir d’histoires individuelles, chacune d’elles montrant les étapes du déchiffrage des troubles de l’enfant. Derrière le récit des blocages ou des somatisations qui inquiètent les parents, il s’agit de comprendre ce que dit l’enfant de lui-même quand il parle. Ses réactions au langage font entendre des questions sur les souffrances non dites, mais aussi la partie la plus méconnue de lui-même, inconsciente, qui se matérialise sous la forme d’attitudes parlantes. Pour comprendre sa souffrance, il nous faut regarder ce qu’il montre avec son corps.