bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–H / C(sp2)–H coupling of Limonene
Authors: Poli Giovanni , Pradal Alexandre , Di Matteo Marco , Gagliardi Anna , Veiros Luis , Gallou Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Limonene undergoes a regioselective Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp2)–H / C(sp2)–H coupling with acrylic acid esters and amides, alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, styrenes and allyl acetate, affording novel 1,3-dienes. DFT computations gave results in accord with the experimental results and allowed to formulate a plausible mechanism. The post-functionalization of one of the coupled products was achieved via a large-scale Sonogashira reaction conducted under micellar catalysis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING 2D CNN AND TRANSFER LEARNING TO DETECT AND CLASSIFY ARABIC-SCRIPT-BASED SIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Hama Rawf Karwan Mahdi , Mohammed Aree Ali , Abdulrahman Ayub Othman , Abdalla Peshraw Ahmed , J. Ghafor Karzan
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, Sign Language Recognition (SLR) plays a significant impact in the disabled community because it is utilized as a learning tool for everyday tasks like interaction, education, training, and human activities. All three of these languages—Arabic, Persian, and Kurdish—share the same writing system, called the Arabic script. In order to categorize sign languages written in the Arabic alphabet, this article employs convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer learning (mobileNet) methods. The study’s primary goal is to develop a common standard for alphabetic sign language in Arabic, Persian, and Kurdish. Different activation functions were used throughout the model’s extensive training on the ASSL2022 dataset. There are a total of 81857 images included in the collection, gathered from two sources and representing the 40 Arabic-script-based alphabets. As can be seen from the data obtained, the proposed models perform well, with an average training accuracy of 99.7% for CNN and 99.32% for transfer learning. When compared to other research involving languages written in the Arabic script, this one achieves better detection and identification accuracy.
A REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF CYBERSECURITY CRIMES IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS DURING THE TIME OF COVID-19
Authors: Abdajabar Abthal , Md Yunus Nur Arzilawati
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts every aspect of our life, including how we connect with others in our professional and personal lives and how we structure our work in general. Quarantines and the deployment of social isolation measures caused an astronomical rise in cybersecurity offences in this region. As a result, using the risky Internet network to run every aspect of daily life necessitates complete and direct reliance on it, which increases the risk of cyberattacks, which increased in the financial sector during COVID-19. This paper analysed the cyber security crimes during the pandemic of COVID-19, highliting the different types of cybercrime that occurred worldwide. The mechanism of cybersecurity crimes campaigns was demonstrated by analysing and evaluating cyberattacks in the framework of worldwide events. The systematic review methodology was used in this paper to summarise, compare, and critically analyse the findings of about 60 researchers, articles, and numerous reports from government organisations, security companies, as well as the academic journals that looked into cybercrimes during COVID-19 or suggested solutions to combat them. The influence of the COVID pandemic on cybersecurity is also discussed in this study, with an emphasis on the financial sector and how cybercrimes increased compared to the period prior to the pandemic to a stage where four to five separate cyberattacks on particular days were reported.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ARTISANAL GOLD MINING ON SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IN KATERIGI LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: H. Bessie , A. Mahmud , I.K. Ishaya , I. Sufiyan
Published: January 2024

The mineral resources of Niger State are largely underdeveloped and therefore are characterized by artisanal miners’ activities reportedly operate illegally and informally. Niger State is among many other States in Nigeria that has abundance of mineral resources such as; Tantalite, Baryte, Chalcopyrite, Iron ore, Cassiterite, Coal, Columbite, Clay, Limestone, Felspar, Lead, Silica Sand, Sphalerite, Marble, Bauxite, Granite and Gold. These solid minerals are found in each of the twenty five Local Government Areas (LGA’s) of the State. For instance, at Kataergi LGA is blessed with Gold, Coal and Baryte. In Niger state, mining of gold has being left in the hands of artisanal miners who do not have enough resources and adequate equipment, technology and education required for the mining activities. Minna and its environment as a major gold field are in the hands of artisanal miners particularly in Luku, Chanchaga Katerigi just to mention a few. ArcGIS 10.8 was used in mapping the soil and water quality parameters for interpolating the nitrate and other physicochemical concentration. Interpolation methods such as kiriging, spline, IDW and natural neighbor are analytical tools used in determining the heavy and low metal concentration. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) determines multivariate interpolation with a known scattered set of points. The result of the communalities shows that all the variables are well and completely fitted with the factor solution and none could possibly be dropped from the analysis. From the table 1-5, it can be deduced that 6.66% of the variance associated with the variable in (mg/g). Similarly, there was variance of 98.7%, 98.4%, 91.7%, 98.3%, 97.9%, 76%, 95.6% and 73.2% for heavy metals such as Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Fe.
BIOSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF COPPER(II) FROM WASTEWATER BY HYBRID BIOSORBENT: ADSORPTION KINETICS AND MECHANISMS
Authors: Sattar Aneeza Abdul , ahwar Duresh , Na deem Raziya
Published: January 2024

Combining two well-known biosorbents, Pleurotus sajor caju and almond shell, with a newly created straightforward immobilization approach led to the creation of a unique hybrid biosorbent. The hybrid biosorbent’s capacity to eliminate Cu(II) from aqueous solution was assessed. The immobilized hybrid biosorbent exhibited the greatest values for Cu(II) adsorption at a pH about 5.0. The ideal contact period and metal concentration were 240 minutes and 10 mg/L, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherms models were used to explain the biosorption kinetics and equilibria. The presence of multiple functional groups and active sites may be seen in the hybrid biosorbent’s FTIR spectra. Prior to biosorption, the hybrid biosorbent’s SEM micrograph showed that its surface was uneven, rough, and porous. A successful and potentially alluring method for dealing with heavy metal-polluted aqueous solutions is the hybrid biosorbent technique, which is quite inexpensive and effectively removes a lot of Cu(II).
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTS OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN MOLLUSC FROM IBENO, SOUTHEASTERN, NIGERIA
Authors: Usoro M Etesin, , Ema-Ime J Uwanta, , Iniobong J Ogbonna, , Onofiok Ukpong, , Victoria Thompson,
Published: January 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are majorly a class of hazardous and persistent organic pollutants, consisting of fused benzene rings in linear, angular and cluster arrangements, which are derived mainly from incomplete combustion of organic materials and natural processes. By origin PAHs could be petrogenic, biogenic and pyrogenic. PAHs have been categorized as priority pollutants and probable human carcinogens. This study is undertaken to characterize the sources and levels of PAHs in clam (spisula solidissima), periwinkles (tympanotonus fuscatus) and snail (gastropoda) obtained from a local market in Ibeno, Nigeria. The samples were unshelled, air –dried, grinded and subjected to analyses for PAHs by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. Tympanotonus fuscatus indicated the presesnce of fluorene (8.5 ± 0.21 ng/g), anthracene (33.90 ± 1.01 ng/g), phenanthrene (23.9 ± 1.12 ng/g), fluoranthene (27.9 ± 2.01 ng/g), pyrene (25.1 ±1.31 ng/g), benzo[a]anthracene (22.3±1.25 ng/g), chrysene (7.14 ± 0.56 ng/g. Gastropoda indicated the presesnce of fluorene (8.94 ± 0.42 ng/g), anthracene (31.18 ± 3.02 ng/g), phenanthrene (22.44 ± 1.95 ng/g), fluoranthene (27.58 ± 2.58 ng/g), pyrene (24.48 ±1.91 ng/g), benzo[a]anthracene (20.94±2.75 ng/g), chrysene (8.45 ± 0.39 ng/g). Spisula solidissima indicated the presesnce of fluorene (9.82 ± 0.75 ng/g) , anthracene (32.1 ± 4.01 ng/g), phenanthrene (22.98 ± 3.05 ng/g), fluoranthene (28.86 ± 5.03 ng/g), pyrene (25.3 ±2.53ng/g ), benzo[a]anthracene( 19.25±2.45 ng/g), chrysene (9.18 ± 1.03 ng/g). PAH molecular diagnostic ratios used for source identification were less than one, indicating pyrogenic source in the three food items. Toxic equivalent concentrations of PAHs (TEQ) were in the order, tympanotonus fuscatus ( 22.39 ng/g ) > gastropoda (21.35 ng/g) > spisula solidissima (19.68 ng/g), which were lower than the maximum permissible TEQ (33.0 ng/g) as a lethal level to raise a public health concern for the consumption of these food items in the study area.
ANALYSIS OF AEROSOLS IN WEST AFRICA: MODELLING AND RADIATIVE FORCING
Authors: S.B. Sharafa , R. Aliyu , B.B. Ibrahim , D.O. Akpootu , B.I. Tijjani , T.H. Darma , F. Ayedun , H.T. Sulu
Published: January 2024

We studied the aerosol properties in Cinzana and Ilorin in West Africa using data of aerosols’ properties over the period 2000–2015 from MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). There has been limited report on the comparison between this two West African Stations. The time series modelling, prediction of aerosol parameters and the estimation of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) were focused on. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for the modelling the monthly averaged measurements of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (τ550), Angstrom exponent at 470 – 660 nm (α470-660), cloud fraction (Ncloud), fine mode fraction (FMF) and single scattering albedo at 470 nm (ωo) data over the two stations while the ARF values were calculated. The generated time series models are all good fit and the values are biased, both negatively and positively. The ARF of the two stations’ aerosol data shows value between 0.0 and -750.0 W/m2 for Ilorin and -10.0 to -200. 0 W/m2, which results mainly in cooling. Although there is a difference between ARF values in the two stations, both stations demonstrated clear seasonal variation with the rainy season having the least negative aerosol forcing. The results suggest that the aerosols are predominantly mineral dust, but those in Cinzana have more absorbing properties than those in Ilorin. Overall, the research shows that the modelled parameters can be utilized in lieu of the measured data and that the solar radiation received in this region has been attenuated at various degrees
INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ikelle Ikelle Issie , Olivia Eze Nkechinyere , Ogah Ogah Anselem
Published: January 2024

The use of plastic is increasing rapidly every year and this trend is likely to continue because of the extreme versatile nature of the properties of plastic materials which gives it use for wide range of purposes. This paper presents a current scenario of plastic consumption in Nigeria and also attempts to address the problem of plastic waste disposal and its attendant environmental hazards by discussing the various innovative ways of utilizing plastic wastes in order to promote a sustainable environment. The paper highlighted the challenges faced by the different innovative techniques and also the approaches that can be adopted to overcome the challenges for its survival in the circular economy. The literature review touched on works of related studies and discussed many innovative approaches for utilizing plastic waste. The key sources of literature in this review paper included peer-reviewed articles, news post, project briefs and professional reports. It is hoped that the implementation of the noble ideas and innovative technologies discussed in this work will enable proper and effective management of plastic waste in Nigeria.
RADIATION RISK ASSESSMENT IN MINING SITE OF PAAGO, ISEYIN LOCAL GOVT, OYO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Babatunde Adebo , Oyedokun Oyegbemi Ezekiel , Olubusola Ilugbo Stephen
Published: January 2024

The hazards of being over-exposed to ionizing radiation at various mining sites are of great concern to environmental scientists. This study aims to measure the activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th radionuclides at various mining sites of Paago, Iseyin local Government, Oyo state, Southwestern Nigeria using a well calibrated HPGe detector. Twenty (20) soil samples were obtained, analyzed, and compared with the WHO recommended standard. The results obtained indicate that 40K, 238U, and 232Th values ranging from 58.40 to 950.41Bqkg-1, 5.57 to 24.22Bqkg-1, and 4.1 to 25.93Bqkg-1. The gamma absorbed dose rate in the soil samples ranged from 6.85nGyh-1 to 45.73nGyh-1, with mean absorbed dose rate lower than the WHO recommended average value of 59nGh-1. The annual effective dose rates in the air varied from 14.26 to 19.74μ Svyr-1 with an average value of 17.99 μSvy-1, while the highest and lowest values of radium equivalent in the soil were 113.68Bqkg-1 and 21.62Bqkg-1. These findings shows that the external and internal hazard indices obtained were less than unity and the means activity concentration of the three radionuclides was lower than the world average recommended value indicating that the study areas pose no significant radiological threat to the populaces, and the crops are safe for consumption.
RECONNAISSANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUND MAGNETIC METHOD TO DELINEATE THE SUBSURFACE IN GIDAN-DOYA BASEMENT AREA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Authors: M.C. Ohakwere-Eze, , L.I Nwankwo,
Published: January 2024

A 3 Axis MCL6 Magnetometer was used to gather the magnetic data. The information was gathered from a 1 km by 500 m area along eight profile lines with a length of roughly 1000 m each. Each profile is spaced roughly 250m apart from the other. The magnetic investigation was created in a way that provided clear definition of the depth to phenomena in the region. Measurements of the magnetic strengths at discrete spots along traverses spaced consistently throughout the area of interest were required by the data collecting approach in order to sufficiently cover the segment utilized to ascertain the structure and deformation analysis of the study area. The geological conditions in the shallow subsurface provide the highest frequency events of interest, whereas magnetic property contrasts at or beneath the basement surface produce the lowest frequency occurrences. Significant lateral variations and contrasts in the shallow formations’ magnetic characteristics are produced either singly or as a result of a particular combination of faulting, deposition, and mineralization linked to displacement and deformation of the structural system.
CHIBOK RIFTO-MAGNETICS AND GEOLOGY
Authors: E. Bassey Nsikak , Hayatudeen Musa , J. George Nyakno
Published: January 2024

On sheet 134 of the aeromagnetic map of Nigeria is a prominent northeast (NE) trending negative anomaly that extends for >20 km. This work reinterprets the anomaly using oasis montage™ 7.0 software, by inverse geological modelling of magnetic profiles. The aim of this work is to identify the Chibok magnetic anomaly as a plate tectonic feature, and as part of the West African Rift System. Three profiles were modelled across the residual magnetic anomaly, which yielded a depth range of 1 to 2 km. The result furnished a subsurface picture of ‘horst and graben’ which are characteristic of rifts. The sedimentary infill of the interpreted rift is considered to be sands/or sandstone due to the low magnetic anomaly. Sandstone has very low magnetic susceptibility [30 x106 emu (S.I.)] compared to granite and basalt. Geological data showed NW, NE, N-S, and E-W structural trends on the granitic basement. These manifest as faults, shear zones, joints and foliations. Emplacement of the Tertiary basalt in the NW of the area of study area showed planes of crustal weakness in the Precambrian basement. A palinspatic map of the area identified the pre-Tertiary geology. The sediment infill of the interpreted rift may serve as very rich aquifer for groundwater abstraction for irrigation in this semi-arid zone. The evidence of the plate tectonic nature of the interpreted rift indicated its alignment with offshore transform faults like Chain and Charcot as well as the Cameroun Volcanic Line.
MESOZOIC DELTAIC SYSTEM AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL OF THE LOWER JURASSIC DATTA FORMATION ALONG THE WESTERN SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Khan Ashar , Sarwar Awan Rizwan , Khan Sahib , Hasnain Iltaf Khawaja
Published: January 2024

In this research, the Early Jurassic Datta Formation from three outcrop sections of the western Salt Range has been extensively studied to elucidate facies architecture, sedimentary features, diagenetic features, sequence stratigraphy, and depositional model. Datta Formation is well exposed with massive thickness in the western Salt Range and the Trans Indus Ranges, while tapering in the central Salt Range further eastward, it dies out. Its mainly dominated by variegated sandstone, siltstone, shale, fire clays, laterites, and carbonates. Seven lithofacies has been identified and interpreted in the Datta Formation, i.e., (i). Fluvial Meandering Lithofacies (JDL-01), (ii). Braided Fluvial Lithofacies (JDL-02), (iii). Lateritic Lithofacies (JDL-03), (iv). Flood Plain Lithofacies (JDL-04), (v). Siliciclastic Lagoon Lithofacies (JDL-05), (vi). Carbonates dominant Lagoon Lithofacies (JDL-06), (vii). Swamps related Deltaic Lithofacies (JDL-07). Sequence stratigraphic analysis is primarily based on recognizing sequence surfaces, finning-coarsening upward trends, and types of facies. Two transgressive-regressive cycles are identified in the south-eastern section (Kassan Nala and Kaowali sections), while four sequences are identified in the Nammal Gorge section. These sequences are started with the underlying sequence boundary of LST and ended with the sequence bounding surface after HST. Datta Formation is possibly deposited in fluvial to deltaic environments in the study area, revealing a prograding delta with a shoreline oriented in the SW-NE direction and the siliciclastic detritus fed the fluvial system running over the Indian cratonic basement in the direction of N-NW. The lower part of the formation is deposited in fluvial settings, probably in the incised valley. The point bar sequences result from meandering channel facies and show association with overlying flood plain/overbank facies. Moreover, the lagoonal facies mainly covered the upper part of the formation and displayed mixed lithologies of delta plain to delta front setting. However, the repetition of these lithofacies in the study area at several points indicates the recurrence of depositional phases. The carbonaceous shales and coal streaks are evident by the presence of swamp or marshy lands. These conditions meet the criteria of deltaic settings. Furthermore, several laterites and fire clay horizons are also argue periodic sub-aerial exposure of the depositional area. Thus it is concluded that the depositional area lies in a fluvial to deltaic setting with major distributary channels and their flood plain in the adjoining delta plain to delta front part.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF COMPACTION PROPERTIES OF SOIL WITH VARIOUS SOIL PARAMETERS OVER GBARAMATU NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Authors: A. Ibe Amarachukwu , M. Ogbodo Chukwunenye
Published: January 2024

This study presents the analysis of soil compaction properties relationship over Gbaramatu subsurface of Niger Delta region. It is employed to determine the soil suitability for a wide range of Engineering needs, such as the development of foundations, roadways, and other facilities. The study aims to investigate the relationship between compaction properties on soil samples from Gbaramatu different locations. Ten (10) boreholes disturbed soil samples were collected for this investigation. Laboratory tests were conducted to obtain moisture contents, Particles Size Distribution, Specific Gravity and Consolidated Drained Shear results. Geotechnical analysis was equally conducted on the obtained laboratory parameters, to further obtain the Coefficient of curvature (Cc) and uniformity coefficient (Cu). Standardize statistical correlation tests were presented. Our findings indicate a positive relationship between the optimum moisture content and the coefficient of uniformity corresponding to higher optimum moisture concentrations. This discovery has far-reaching consequences for soil management and irrigation techniques. The results support the assumption that, the physical geology of the location is attributed to swamp reclamation and landfills. This research finally provides useful information about the engineering properties of Gbaramatu soils, and the correlation equations generated will be helpful in predicting values or modeling the correlated properties for soils within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Variable PD-1 glycosylation modulates the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Chu Chih-Wei , Čaval Tomislav , Alisson-Silva Frederico , Tankasala Akshaya , Guerrier Christina , Czerwieniec Gregg , Läubli Heinz , Schwarz Flavio
Published: January 2024

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1 have provided significant clinical benefit across a number of solid tumors, with differences in efficacy and toxicity profiles possibly related to their intrinsic molecular properties. Here, we report that camrelizumab and cemiplimab engage PD-1 through interactions with its fucosylated glycan. Using a combination of protein and cell glycoengineering, we demonstrate that the two antibodies bind preferentially to PD-1 with core fucose at the asparagine N58 residue. We then provide evidence that the concentration of fucosylated PD-1 in the blood of non–small-cell lung cancer patients varies across different stages of disease. This study illustrates how glycoprofiling of surface receptors and related circulating forms can inform the development of differentiated antibodies that discriminate glycosylation variants and achieve enhanced selectivity, and paves the way toward the implementation of personalized therapeutic approaches.
Loadbearing capacity and safety for winter roads improvement reinforcement and ice modification
Authors: Goncharova G. Y. , Sirotiuk V. V. , Yakimenko O. V. , Orlov P. V. , Dolgodvorov R. E.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The natural processes associated with the thawing of permafrost and the accompanying risks of man-made disasters have been steadily increasing in recent years. At the same time, a new space of opportunities opens up for the development of territories, the formation of new cargo transportation routes, both in transit and directly to the Arctic regions. The number of consumers is increasing, the requirements for the economic efficiency of transport infrastructure and the requirements for materials for its construction and maintenance are increasing.

Materials and methods. Water ice is one of the most widespread substances in the northern nature, and the experience of its use as a building material goes back centuries. At the same time, the use of water ice still has no alternative in the construction of seasonal ice roads and crossings, including for solving the tasks of oil and gas companies. This article is devoted to the possibilities of using modern materials that change the properties of water ice and structural and technological solutions to increase the carrying capacity and safety of ice crossings and extend the service life of winter trucks.

Results. Experimental and theoretical studies, tests at the landfill, pilot production tests at ice crossings have shown the possibility to significantly increase the carrying capacity and safety of the transport when reinforcing ice. The introduction of water ice modifiers together with its reinforcement significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of water ice.

Conclusion. The authors’ idea of the possibilities of a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the ice cover on winter roads, traffic safety, prolongation of their service life with the combined use of special reinforcing materials and chemical modifiers of water ice is presented. The reasons for the limited use of the recommendations proposed by the authors are disclosed.
Development of road pavement structures using zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashanskoe deposit
Authors: Ilina O. N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The growing dynamics of road construction, the active improvement of domestic road structures and technologies, and the modernization of the production base will make it possible to form a comprehensive sustainable transport framework for the country, which will provide an impact to the entire economy of the Russian Federation. One of the economically and technologically advantageous solutions for this is the development and construction of road structures using zeolite - pozzolanic additive. The analysis of Russian and foreign sources indicates that pozzolanic additives improve the physical and mechanical properties of road building materials. The purpose of the work is to develop road pavement structures using zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashanskoe deposit. To achieve this purpose, the tasks such as the development of road building materials using zeolite ( local mineral materials treated with Portland cement and zeolite are used for base layers, warm asphalt concrete with zeolite is used for coating layers), the  design and calculation of road pavements using zeolite from the TatarskoShatrashanskoe deposit were solved.

Materials and methods. The experimental laboratory studies of materials in accordance with GOST 23558, GOST R 70396, GOST R 58406.8, GOST R 58406.9, GOST 9128, GOST 12801 were carried out. The calculation of road pavement structures in the Credo Radon software package for permissible elastic deflection, shear resistance, bending resistance, static load, frost resistance, drainage layer for climatic conditions typical of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to PNST 265, GOST R 58818 was carried out.

Results. As a result of the research, the physical and mechanical properties of samples of road building materials using zeolite, which correspond to regulatory requirements were determined. The design and calculation of road pavements using zeolite in the Credo Radon software package was carried out. Structural transverse profiles of highways of categories IV and V using zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashanskoe deposit have been proposed. The use of developed materials and road structures will currently improve the economy, rational environmental management of the region and, in general, provide an opportunity to improve the quality of life in cities and towns by successfully completing the five-year road activity plan.
Vibration reliability of steel beams prestressed by drawing
Authors: Kravchuk E. V. , Belutskii I. Yu. , Kravchuk V. A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Vibrations of building structures and mechanism parts were analyzed. The need to investigate the oscillation processes and vibration reliability of steel beams prestressed by web drawing was formulated. The subject of study is structural steel. The object of study is bimetallic steel beam prestressed without rods.

Materials and methods. The scientific inquiry is based on the basics of structural mechanics of buildings and structures: superposition principle, differential equation of deflection curve of a bar, energy method, and methods of determination of stress-strain state of prestressed steel bars.

Results. A comparative analysis of vibration reliability of non-prestressed beams and prestressed structures of equal bearing capacity was performed. Rotations of the beam supporting nodes loaded by prestressing forces and external impacts were determined by integration of differential equation of deflection curve of a split bar. The support moments in rigid supporting nodes of structures were determined on the basis of superposition principle. The developed methods of stressed condition of prestressed bars are the basis for determination of normal stresses in the sections of beams under study. The resultant stresses were obtained by algebraic addition of prestresses and stresses from external loads. Dynamic parameters of bearing capacity of beams were determined on the basis of works by I.M. Rabinovich and V.A. Kiselev. The oscillation circular frequency of conventional and prestressed beams was established, analytical expressions for determination of angular velocity of prestressed bending elements were formulated, and the dynamic deflections and factors of structures were determined. It is found that the circular frequency of prestressed beams hinged in supporting nodes compared to the circular frequency of conventional beams decreases by a factor of 1.4 and by a factor of 5.6 in beams with rigid supports. Angular velocity decreases by a factor of 1.4 (hinge supports) and 6.8 (rigid supports), respectively. The deflections of prestressed beams are reduced by a factor of 1,87: 11,9. There is a significant reduction in the stressed condition of prestressed structures.

Conclusions. A hinged traditional beam under external and vibration loads in limit state is in the material yield zone and does not meet the first and second limit state conditions. These structures have the lowest vibration reliability. Prestressed structures are more reliable. With rigid supporting nodes, the moments of prestressing forces coincide with the supporting moments and produce hogging with the vector opposite to the external load deflection vector. In the limit state, total deflections are less than the external load deflections. Stresses in the structure decrease. Since load moments and beam deflections are initial parameters for dealing with dynamic strength tasks, we may state that prestressed beams with rigid supporting nodes have an increased vibration reliability.
Traumatic narrative of the pemberontakan PKI Madiun 1948 in the Ayat-Ayat yang Disembelih by Anaf Afifi and Thowaf Zuharon: A postmemory study
Authors: Santoso Joko , Faruk Faruk , Kussuji Indrastuti Novi Siti
Published: January 2024

This paper attempts to dismantle the pattern of trauma narratives developed in Indonesian literature by the second generation of the Pemberontakan PKI Madiun 1948. This second generation carries an Islamic narrative that is opposed to Communism. The narrative position of the Pemberontakan PKI Madiun 1948 is different from the G30S PKI 1965, in which the first PKI was the perpetrator, and the second PKI was the victim. The trauma narrative appears in the Ayat-Ayat yang Disembelih (2015) biography by Anaf Afifi and Thowaf Zuharon. The second generation lacks direct memory, which in Marianne Hirsch’s view, is postmemory. Accordingly, the theory used in this paper is Hirsch's postmemory, which believes that the second generation inherits trauma through investment in imagination, projection, and creation. The analytical method used is the methodological implications of postmemory theory with qualitative data. The pattern of the trauma narrative that emerges from the Islamic narrative to the PKI is; reflexive secondary first-person and mental transmission.
Critical reading research and its implications for critical reading skills for Indonesian language teachers: A systematic literature review
Authors: Setiawan Arif , Hang Nguyen Thi Thu , Fauzan Fauzan , Derana Ganes Tegar
Published: January 2024

The abundance of information sources is the result of rapid technological advances. Rapid technological advances must be balanced with reading skills, one of which is critical reading skills used to filter information sources. This systematic literature review aims to compare the findings of research articles published by the Science and Technology Index (SINTA). The keyword used to find articles in the SINTA database is "critical reading." The search results found 78 articles, then 23 articles were selected that met the criteria for analysis. The reporting items selected for the systematic literature review and meta-analysis were the inclusion and exclusion models. In the last ten years, the number of publications dominated in 2016 with six articles. The types of research used by researchers in reviewing critical reading skills are R & D, quantitative, qualitative, and CAR. The research subjects used by the researchers consisted of class X high school students, class VII junior high school students, class VIII junior high school students, fifth-grade elementary school students, and junior high school teachers. The publication and citation structure reveals that, out of 23 articles, they have been cited 114 times, with the 2016 publication having the most citations, a total of 46 times. Writers who have a track record of publications covering critical reading skills are (1) Nuria Reny Hariyati, (2) Hespi Septiana, and (3) Endah Tri Priyatni, all three of whom have a publication track record of 10 articles. The writing institutions are divided into two institutions, namely schools (13%) and colleges (87%), and the collaboration of writers shows a number that is quite far apart, where 14 authors collaborate and nine single authors. There are eight ideas for reflection by Indonesian teachers in teaching critical reading skills.
Pelatihan Status Gizi pada Atlet Sepak Bola SSB Elang Muda Sigi
Authors: Agusman Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Pelatihan Status Gizi Pada Atlet Sepak Bola SSB Elang Muda Sigi. Pelatihan Status Gizi dengan gambaran umum kebugaran jasmani, aspek-aspek kebugaran jasmani, bentuk tes Status Gizi, bentuk program Status Gizi dan pemahaman terhadap Status Gizi. Permasalah yang dihadapi oleh mitra pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah (1) Masih rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang bentuk Status Gizi, (2) Masih rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat pada        Status Gizi. Target yang ingin dicapai dalam pelaksnaan pengabdian ini yaitu (1) Meningkatkan Status Gizi pada atlet sepak bola SSB Elang Muda; (2) Meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Status Gizi. Luaran yang ingin di capai pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah (1) Peningkatan Penerapan IPTEK di Masyarakat (Mekanisasi, IT, dan Manajemen); (2) Perbaikan Tata Nilai Masyarakat (Sosial, Keamanan, Ketentraman, Pendidikan); (3) Artikel. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendukung tercapainya solusi dan target yang ingin dicapai adalah (1) Sosialisasi yang dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data-data tentang kegiatan pengabdian, (2) Pelatihan terhadap mitra pengabdian agar dapat membimbing masyarakat dan attlet dalam menerapkan konsep yang telah diberikan dan pada akhirnya bisa meningkatkan Status Gizi.
A Case Study in the Application of Trusted Autonomous Systems (TAS) Australian Code of Practice to the Design, Construction, Survey, and Operation of New Build Autonomous & Remotely Operated Vessels
Authors: Stotz Allen , Catton Levi , Cameron Eliah
Published: January 2024

The emergence of autonomous vessels presents opportunities and challenges for the maritime industry. Regulations relating to crewing or manning, safety equipment, watchkeeping, etc., normally applicable for crewed vessels, do not apply to Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) which operate without onboard crew and are controlled, supervised or monitored by software or remote operator. Due to their nature, ASVs should have new standards developed to address risks relating to lack of onboard crew. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for making rules that apply to all oceangoing vessels, including ASVs, and are working through those updates (International Maritime Organization, 2021). The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has provided an interim framework of exemptions and guidance notices, and a dedicated support team to work with industry in navigating the uncertainty in application of extant principles, rules, and standards to ASVs. The Trusted Autonomous Systems (TAS) Defence Cooperative Research Center has developed a suite of tools to guide builders, owners and operators in the design, build and certification of ASVs; and advocacy groups such as the Australian Association for Uncrewed Systems (AAUS) are working to provide industry recommendations and “promote a professional, safe and commercially viable uncrewed systems industry” (Australian Association for Uncrewed Systems, 2023). This paper discusses the regulatory challenges experienced in Gibbs & Cox Australia’s new build Environmentally Powered, Modular Autonomous Platform System (EMAPS) project and the project experience navigating the regulatory misalignments and published guidance documents. The solutions (exemptions and equivalencies) are straightforward but rely on best practices rather than explicit requirements where regulations are misaligned.
The effects of private speech on the speaking proficiency of young Jordanian English as a Foreign Language students
Authors: Rababah Luqman , Almwajeh Motasim , Al-Khawaldeh Nisreen Naji , Al-Shboul Othman Khalid , Falah Bani Amer Mamoun Issa , Dakamsih Nusaibah J.
Published: January 2024

This research examined how private speech affects the speaking ability competency in young Jordanian English as a Foreign Language students. The mixed-methods research gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 50 Jordanian EFL students aged 10-12. Pre- and post-tests of speaking skill mastery provided quantitative data, and observations and semi-structured interviews were also conducted to provide qualitative data. Private speech exercises significantly improved participants' speaking skills. Private speech improved participants' fluency, accuracy, and complexity. The qualitative data also showed that private speech helped individuals speak English with confidence and less nervousness. The research reveals that private speech exercises might help young Jordanian EFL students improve their speaking skills. EFL instructors and curriculum designers in Jordan may want to include private speech exercises to improve students' speaking and language abilities. Private speech activities should be studied in additional circumstances and age ranges.
Şanlıurfa Hamidiye Hastanesi Ve Türkiye Örnekleri Üzerinden Geç Dönem Osmanlı Hastaneleri Plan Tipoloji Denemesi
Authors: İNCE Kasım , ATASOY Sertan
Published: January 2024

İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan tıbbın gelişimine bağlı olarak sağlık hizmetleri de gelişme göstermiştir. Kuşkusuz insanın en temel ihtiyaçlarından birisi olan sağlık hizmetlerinin en iyi şekilde verilmesi her zaman önemini korumuştur. Bu kapsamda en ideale ulaşmak için birçok hastane modeli denenmiştir. 18. yüzyılda Avrupa ve Amerika’da özellikle doktorların hastane tasarımında etkin rol oynaması işlevsel planlara sahip modern hastane binalarını ortaya çıkarmış ve hastanelerin mekânsal gelişimine ivme kazandırmıştır. Bu gelişmenin Osmanlı Devleti’ne yansıması ise yüzyılın sonunda olmuştur. III. Selim, yeni kurduğu Nizam-ı Cedid ordusu için modern anlamda ilk hastaneleri tesis etmiş, bunun ilk örneklerini başkent İstanbul’da vermiştir. Kendinden sonra gelen padişahlar döneminde de modern hastaneler inşa edilmiş, özellikle II. Abdülhamid döneminde hız kazanan inşa faaliyetleri ile hastaneler Osmanlı coğrafyasına yayılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti tarafından sivil ve askeri hastanelerin yanında azınlıklar ile misyonerler tarafından Türkiye sınırları içerisinde inşa edilen hastanelerden 48 tanesi günümüze sağlam şekilde ulaşmıştır. Bu hastanelerin benzer yönleri olduğu kadar birbirinden ayrılan yanlarının da bulunması kaçınılmazdır. Hastanelerin farklılık gösteren planları bu anlamda en önemlilerinden birisi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmada hareketli cephe düzenlemesi ile dikkat çeken Şanlıurfa Hamidiye Hastanesi plan, cephe ve süsleme yönünden tanımlanarak, genel bir değerlendirme yapılmış, hastaneler ile ilgili bir plan tipolojisi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Egg Shells as an Adsorbent for the Adsorption of Lead (Pb) and Iron (Fe) Metals
Authors: Yusmartini Eka Sri Yusmartini , Mardwita Mardwita , Atikah Atikah , Kaswari Suli Cahaya
Published: January 2024

An eggshell is estimated to have around 10,000–20,000 pores; this condition created a chance for the eggshells to be used as an adsorbent. This research aims to activate egg shells used as an adsorbent. Egg shells were applied as an adsorbent in solutions of lead (Pb) and iron (Fe). Test parameters for adsorption capacity were carried out on the optimum mass and absorption contact time with lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) while using the eggshell waste as an adsorbent. The adsorbent quality of egg shells was tested using parameters such as ash content, water content, and adsorption capacity towards methyl blue. This research aims to utilize egg shells as an adsorbent to absorb lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) content using an adsorption process. There are 3 stages of a method for this research to establish: adsorbent preparation, adsorbent activation, and the adsorption process. The adsorption process was carried out with variations of the mass sample, which are 0.75 grams, 1 gram, 1.25 grams, 1.50 grams, and 2 grams and time variations when contact occurred in 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. The outcome of this research showed that the highest adsorption capacity at the optimum mass of Pb metal was 1.5 grams at 98.914% and for Fe metal at 96.386%. The highest adsorption capacity results were influenced by Pb metal contact time in 40 minutes, which was 99.30%, and the best capacity for adsorption of Fe metal was at a contact time in 50 minutes, which was 99.82%.
Normativity and Historicity of Imam Syafii's Rejection of Hisab in Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month
Authors: Kusdiyana Kusdiyana , Taman Badrun , Mahdi Mahkamah
Published: January 2024

This article examines Imam Syafi'i 's thoughts about determining the beginning of the Hijriyah month without using reckoning. The research method used is library research with a socio-political approach. Primary data is taken from the books by Imam Syafi'i and the scholars of the Shafi'i sect. Data were analyzed using interpretation, deductive-inductive, and historical continuity techniques. The findings of this study are that Imam Syafii determines the beginning of the Hijri month by sighting and the testimony of two fair people. If this is not fulfilled, Imam Syafii determines it with stigma, namely the fulfillment of the day in the month with 30 days. The factor of not using reckoning is due to the tendency of Imam Syafii as Nashir al-Hadith, so the meaning of Imam Syafii for " faqduru lah "is not oriented towards rationality with the science of reckoning which has a different meaning, compared to the meaning of al-hadith bi al-hadith as a form taking one hadith with another hadith that is considered closer in meaning. The socio-political conditions at that time also influenced because the rationalists had succeeded in getting closer to him; the government is currently intensively carrying out scientific reforms, and they are always spreading Inkar as-Sunnah teachings which can threaten the position of sunnah. So that the spirit in the development of science, including reckoning at that time, was more dominant in its rationality than the Syar'i element Artikel ini mengkaji pemikiran Imam Syafi’i tentang penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah yang tanpa menggunakan hisab. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan sosial-politik. Data Primer diambil dari kitab-kitab karya Imam Syafi’i dan para ulama mazhab Syafi’i. Data dianalisis dengan teknik interpretasi, deduktif-induktif, dan kesinambungan historis. Temuan penelitian ini adalah Imam Syafii menentukan awal bulan hijriah dengan rukyat dan kesaksian dua orang yang adil. Jika hal tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka Imam Syafii menetapkan dengan istikmal yakni penggenapan hari dalam bulan tersebut dengan 30 hari. Faktor tidak digunakannya hisab disebabkan kecenderungan Imam Syafii sebagai Nashir al-Hadis, sehingga pemaknaan Imam syafii terhadap “faqduru lah” tidak berorientasi pada rasionalitas dengan ilmu hisab yang memiliki makna lebih jauh, dibandingkan pemaknaan al-hadis bi al-hadis sebagai bentuk ta’kid satu hadis dengan hadis lainnya yang dinilai lebih dekat pemaknaannya. Kondisi sosial politik pada masa itu juga turut mempengaruhi, karena kaum rasionalis pada saat itu telah berhasil mendekat kepada pemerintah yang sedang gencar melakukan reformasi ilmu pengetahuan dan juga mereka senantiasa menyebarkan paham Inkar as-Sunnah yang bisa membuat kedudukan sunnah terancam. Sehingga ruh dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan termasuk hisab pada saat itu lebih dominan rasionalitas nya dari pada unsur Syar’i nya
THE ROLE OF THE SHARIA SUPERVISORY BOARD IN ENSURING CONTRACT COMPLIANCE IN SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS' FINANCING PRACTICES
Authors: Sriani Endang , Habibah Iffatul
Published: January 2024

Murabahah financing, in concept and principle, is intended for a sale and purchase agreement with an agreed-upon cost price and desired profit margin. However, variations exist in practice, where clients use this financing to settle their debts rather than to acquire the objects specified in the contract. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) in Sharia Financial Institutions concerning Murabahah financing. This study is a field research with an empirical juridical approach. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis, and the collected data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results indicate that the supervision by the DPS is not optimal as it is limited to central offices and relies on information provided by management, thus not detecting violations in the field. The suggestion from this research is that the supervision would be more comprehensive if the DPS also verifies with clients as a comparative data source to ensure the conformity of products with Sharia principles. Pembiayaan Murabahah secara konsep dan aturan adalah untuk melakukan jual beli yang telah disepakati harga pokok dan jumlah keuntungan yang diinginkan. Namun terdapat perbedaan pada tingkat praktik, dimana nasabah menggunakan pembiayaan tersebut untuk membayar hutangnya bukan untuk membeli objek yang dituangkan dalam akad. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah terkait Pembiayaan Murabahah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen, data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan DPS belum maksimal karena hanya melakukan pengawasan di kantor pusat dan berdasarkan keterangan dari manajemen sehingga tidak mengetahui pelanggaran di Lapangan. Saran dari penelitian ini, akan lebih komprehensif pengawasan tersebut jika DPS juga mengkonfirmasi kepada Nasabah sebagai data pembanding sehingga keseuaian produk dengan prinsip syariah dapat terjamin