bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Considerations of the Neurosurgical Patient
Authors: Tolchin Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, and other clinicians treating patients with neurological disorders can encounter a set of unusually difficult ethical issues, including especially questions about whether to initiate or continue neurosurgical or life-sustaining interventions for neurologically impaired patients. These questions are especially challenging because neurologically injured patients are often unable to make treatment decisions for themselves and because the prognosis for recovery is often uncertain. This article includes ethical frameworks for addressing these difficult questions.
This review contains 5 tables, and 31 references. 
Keywords: Bioethics, Autonomy, Beneficence, Justice, Informed consent, Surrogate decision making, Vegetative state, Minimally conscious state, Brain death, Organ donation
Postoperative and Adjunctive Wound Care
Authors: Faucher Lee , Busch Rebecca A.
Published: January 2021

Wounds are a major source of complications in surgery, but many can be avoided by using a sound, evidence-based approach to wound care. Preoperative considerations are discussed and include smoking cessation, glycemic control, weight loss, and adequate nutritional intake. Intraoperative considerations are presented and include proper classification of surgical wounds, hyperoxia and warming, and fascia closure techniques. Postoperative considerations that are presented include recognizing both early and late fascia complications, understanding skin closure techniques, and using adjuncts to postoperative wound management. 
This review contains 7 figures, 24 tables, and 67 references.
Keywords: Surgical site infection, infection, closure, suture, negative pressure wound therapy, open abdomen, mesh, surgery, granulation tissue
Systemic Antifungal Agents
Authors: Melnikoff Brett A , Myers René P
Published: January 2021

Fungal infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical settings, with critically ill patients, transplant recipients, and sick neonates all especially vulnerable. Fungal infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical settings, with critically ill patients, transplant recipients, and sick neonates all especially vulnerable. Despite the development of a number of new and useful antifungal agents in the past decade and the noteworthy improvements in therapeutic approaches to fungal infections, physicians’ ability to diagnose these infections in a timely fashion remains limited, and patient outcomes remain poor. Antifungal prophylaxis has emerged as a potential means of reducing the occurrence of serious fungal infections. In patient populations estimated to be at high risk for acquiring a fungal infection, antifungal prophylaxis has reduced infection rates by about 50%; however, it has not been shown to significantly improve mortality. This review discusses both established and newly approved systemic antifungal agents. Tables list characteristics of currently available antifungals and antifungal chemotherapy.

This review contains 2 tables and 32 references
Key words: antifungal chemotherapy, antifungal prophylaxis, antifungals, Candida prophylaxis, systemic antifungal medications
Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Saeed Maryam , Tapia German , Ariansen Inger , Stene Lars C. , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Tell Grethe S. , Skrivarhaug Torild , Joner Geir
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To study whether serum galectin-3 and other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A population-based nationwide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Norway at <15 years of age during 1973–1982 was examined in 2002–2003 at a mean age of 33 years (range 21–44), with mean diabetes duration of 24 years (range 19–30). Subjects were followed through 31 December 2017 for their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using nationwide registries. Stored serum samples were available for 296 subjects and analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor, IL-18, hs-CRP, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), galectin-3, and high-sensitivity troponin T. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for CHD per SD increase in biomarker were estimated using Cox regression.

RESULTS

Of 295 subjects, 40 (13.6%) had a documented CHD event during a mean follow-up of 14.4 years (range 0.5–16). IL-6 (aHR 1.32 [95% CI 1.07–1.63]), galectin-3 (aHR 1.44 [95% CI 1.09–1.80]), and TIMP-1 (aHR 1.37 [95% CI 1.04–1.81]) were significant predictors of CHD after adjustment for conventional risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Galectin-3 was significantly associated with future CHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and if the results are replicated in larger studies, it may aid in prediction together with conventional risk factors for CHD.
Experimental investigation of temperature field, defects, and mechanical strength in dissimilar laser bonding of Ti6Al4V and polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Xue Junyao , Razavi Dehkordi Mohammad Hossein , Abdelahi Ali , Abdelahi Adel , Rasti Ehsan , Li Zhixiong
Published: January 2021

Laser welding is one of the most common technologies with various applications in different industries. In this paper, laser joining of the Ti6Al4V alloy and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a means of two common materials is discussed. According to the experimental results, the focal length is a very important parameter in this dissimilar laser welding, and because of the low melting point of PET, it is not possible to create welding at low focal lengths. Furthermore, changing the welding parameters such as welding speed and pulse duration changes the temperature field of the molten pool and its surrounding points, as well as the number, distribution, and the shape deformation of the bubbles formed in PET, which plays an important role in welding quality and mechanical strength. The number of bubbles clearly has a significant influence on the surface contact area and the resultant shear load test values. Generally, reducing the surface contact area between PET and the Ti6Al4V alloy evidently reduces the tensile shear load of the joints. The shear load of the joints has had about 40% variation upon changing the focal length. Additionally, the shear load changed only about 10% by changing the pulse duration from 6 to 10 ms. Seemingly, changing the energy density through a variation of focal length has had a higher influence of about 30% than the incident time of laser beam through increasing the pulse duration. Apart from selecting different laser parameters, the measured temperature in ranges between 100 and 120 °C can produce acceptable joints with lower defects.
Nutritional profile of kian marine worm from kei islands maluku as a potential high protein food resource
Authors: Lestaluhu Siti Rahma , Arifah Siti Nur , Lestari Umie , Lestari Sri Rahayu
Published: January 2021

The nutritional content of kian marine worm has never been reported. This study aimed to profile the nutritional content of worms from the Kei Islands, Maluku. Nutritional profiles were tested by proximate assays, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of amino acids. The proximate analysis resulted in 71.16 percent of protein, 12.05 percent of water, 2.63 percent of carbohydrates, 2.21 percent of fat, 2.14 percent of crude fiber and 0.44 percent of ash. Mineral contents of Kian marine worm were 785.28 mg/kg potassium, 585.14 mg/kg magnesium, 180.98 mg/kg calcium, 0.89 mg/kg sodium and 0.44 mg/kg phosphorus. Kian marine worms contained 9 essential amino acids and 11 essential amino acids with levels of essential amino acids up to 206.94 mg/g and non-essential amino acids was 233.21 mg/g. Nutritional content in kian marine worms can be used as a potential high protein food resource.
CRIAÇÃO E APLICABILIDADE DE RECURSOS TECNOLÓGICOS NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Ferreira de Menezes Jones Baroni , Ribeiro do Nascimento Edilane , Lopes Rodrigues Marcos Paulo , Oliveira Silva Ana Carolina
Published: January 2021

O uso de tecnologias está sendo amplamente difundido no ensino, com objetivo de dinamizar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sobretudo neste período pandêmico, no qual aconselha-se o distanciamento social, paralisando as atividades presenciais das escolas, tornando o ensino mediado pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Nesse propósito, este artigo pretende apresentar a produção de materiais didáticos digitais que possam ser utilizados nas diversas áreas do ensino de Ciências e Biologia. O projeto desenvolveu materiais como cartilhas, livros digitais, mapas conceituais, cruzadinhas, caça-palavras, jogos educacionais, arquivos de aúdios e vídeos, utilizando ferramentas como Canvas, Kahoot, CmapTools, Spreaker, Flipsnack, Geniol, Educolorir, Youtube e o Google Site. Assim, consideramos importante a produção de materiais educativos utilizando recursos tecnológicos, de modo a propiciar a diversificação e dinamismo nas aulas, além de desenvolver habilidades tanto nos docentes como nos discentes.
Hak Asasi Manusia Mantan Narapidana Korupsi dalam Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 Perspektif Maqashid Syariah Jasser Auda
Authors: Rahman Fathor , Anam Muhammad Saiful
Published: January 2021

This article aims to discussing the conception of ex-corruption convicts human rights according to the General Election Commission Regulation No. 20 of 2018 systematically; regarding the concept of human rights and the explicit human rights of former corruption convicts in the General Election Commission Regulation No. 20 of 2018 in the perspective of Jasser Auda's Islamic maqashid concept.This research is qualitative research with a literature review. The perspective in this discussion is the concept of maqashid sharia Jasser Auda which uses a systems approach in Islamic law. The results shows that: 1) the current state of mind of the Indonesian people cannot be separated from contemporary issues regarding human rights, democracy, the nation state, the rule of law, and the ideals of progress and national prosperity in the national context; 2) PKPU Number 20 of 2018 is in line with maqashid al-sharia with a systems approach; 3) the prohibition of former corruption convicts from running for legislative elections is justified in the perspective of maqashid al-sharia Jasser Auda, in his avoidance with various dimensions, namely the social dimension, the bureaucratic dimension to achieve good governance, the political education dimension, the state philosophy dimension and justice.
Hubungan Kemendagri dan Kemendes dalam Tata Desa dan Administrasi Desa
Authors: Sarip Sarip , Rahman Nur , Rohadi Rohadi
Published: January 2021

This article aims to explore the relationship between the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) and the Ministry of Villages (Kemendes) from theconstitutional law and state administrative law point of view.The second concerns of this research is the disharmony and problem between the two ministries.From the constitutional law point of view, it turns out that what the Ministry of Home Affairs is doing, is closer to the object of its discussion. The method used in this research is normative legal research bycomparingthe constitutional law and state administrative law to obtain clarity regarding the Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Village. The result shows that the Ministry of Village approached the science of state administrative law, namely to revive or give spirits to the village. Disharmonization began to exist since the inception of the Ministry of Village. The root of disharmony itself was the improper application of constitutional foundations in the formation of the Village Law. It would be better if the government reassess the constitutional foundation for the village.
Dye extracted from Costus woodsonii leave as a natural sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: M.Z. Najihah , Tan Winie
Published: January 2021

Current work employs dye extracted from leaves of Costus woodsonii as a new sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The leave was extracted in three different solvents namely ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Extraction of leaves was carried out by the freezing method. DSSCs with the configuration of TiO2/dye/electrolyte/Pt were assembled. The dyes in DSSCs were Costus woodsonii leaves extracted in methanol, ethanol, and acetone. DSSC with methanol extract of leaves has an efficiency of 0.23 % and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.63 mA cm-2.  DSSC sensitized with ethanol extract of leaves has an efficiency of 0.37 % and Jsc of 0.85 mA cm-2. DSSC sensitized with acetone extract of leaves shows the highest efficiency of 0.48 % and Jsc of 1.35 mA cm-2. The performance of the DSSCs in this work is compared with other natural dye-based DSSCs. The efficiency obtained in this work is better or at par with the works reported by other researchers.

Keywords: Natural dye; Costus woodsonii; Leave; Dye-sensitized solar cells
Penyusunan Peta Kondisi Klimatologi dan Hidrologi dalam Upaya Pemanfaatan Kondisi Lingkungan Desa Cintaratu, Kab. Pangandaran
Authors: Setiyatwan Hendi , Ismiraj Muhammad Rifqi , Mayasari Novi , Kurniawati Indah , Ramadhan Tegar , Rasyida Elda , Aulia Viriana , Puspa Indah Gita , Alimajid Fikri
Published: January 2021

Desa Cintaratu terletak di Kecamatan Parigi, Kabupaten Pangandaran. Desa ini memiliki potensi pembangunan yang besar jika dilakukan perencanaan yang matang dan inklusif. Perencanaan dapat dilakukan jika pengambil keputusan memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran akan potensi yang ada di suatu lokasi, baik potensi alam maupun sosiologis. Beberapa hal yang perlu diketahui oleh pengambil keputusan adalah kondisi klimatologi dan hidrologinya, karena hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pembangunan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah survey lapangan dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil survey dan studi pustaka, peta kondisi klimatologi dan hidrologi telah berhasil dibuat sebagai basis data dalam upaya pembangunan Desa Cintaratu. Sebagai kesimpulan, Desa Cintaratu memiliki potensi yang besar, didukung oleh kondisi klimatologi yang sukup stabil dan kondisi hidrologi yang memungkinkan untuk dibangunnya usaha pertanian, peternakan, perkebunan, perkantoran, pemukiman, dan perikanan.
ANALISIS SATUAN RODA DUA (SRD) DI SIMPANG BERSINYAL JAMBO TAPE
Authors: Sajida Rosa , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Darma Yusria
Published: January 2021

Many cities in Indonesia both small towns and big cities, the transportation system is dominated by motorcycle. The ownership of motorbikes has increased significantly in many cities due to their high mobility and affordable prices. The Increasing motorcycle users will make a major contribution to the traffic congestion on the highway; this makes motorbikes dominate traffic in the city. From previous studies the composition of vehicles in the Jambo Tape intersection was seen from traffic conditions consisting mostly of 70% motorcycle (MC), the larger the size of the vehicle, the more larger the proportion of a vehicle in a traffic flow The dominance of motorbikes in saturation flow at intersections it make motorbikes are considered as the basic vehicle for traffic flow. In Banda Aceh, especially in the Jambo Tape signal intersection, there is a mixed traffic flow which is dominated by two-wheeled vehicles. Then the movement of the traffic flow is not moving in one line (indiscipline lane), even the driver often makes lane changing or overtaking. The purpose of this study is to determine the equivalent value of two-wheeled vehicle at Jambo Tape signal intersection, also comparing the result of field observation analysis with EMP values, the saturate flow in previous research, and MKJI 1997. The research method used in this study is multiple linear regressions. The result obtained from this study is the new EMP value, for motorcycle (MC) 0,17; heavy vehicle (HV) 2,08 and rickshaw (RS) 1,3 and for the ERD value is light vehicle (LV) 5,97, heavy vehicle (HV) 12,41 and for the rickshaw (RS) 7,77. Furthermore, for the analysis the currents of saturated flow, two models were obtained, for the first model by not using constants is S0 = 488 We and for the second model that using constants is S0 = 1029 + 347 We
PENINGKATAN KINERJA RUAS JALAN DENGAN PENGURANGAN HAMBATAN SAMPING PADA RUAS JALAN GAJAH MADA MEULABOH KAB. ACEH BARAT
Authors: Arif Faisal , Isya Muhammad , Anggraini Renni
Published: January 2021

Gajah Mada street is the main street of Meulaboh City, which serves traffic from or to Banda Aceh City. In the Gajah Mada street area, there are offices, educational facilities and public hospital facilities, and there are also trade centers such as supermarkets, restaurants and coffee shops. This emerges an impact in the form of decreasing the level of service (LOS) on the street, because it triggers side barriers. This study aims to determine the level of service on the Gajah Mada street section and provide an alternative treatment in maintaining the level of street service on these streets. From the processing of data obtained the results of degree of saturation (DS) for three days of observation for each direction of the Gajah Mada street. In the direction of the Kisran intersection – Rudeng intersection, DS on Monday at 0,47, DS on Thursday at 0,55 and DS on Saturday at 0,48. As for the direction of the Rundeng intersection – Kisaran intersection, DS on Monday is 0.44, DS on Thursday is 0,49 and DS on Saturday is 0,45. From the results of data analysis, the level of service obtained in both directions of Gajah Mada is on LOS C. Thus the performance of the Gajah Mada street still qualifies for urban streets. Alternative handling to increase LOS on Gajah Mada street can be done with a side obstacle reduction scenario, with this scenario it can reduce the degree of saturation from 0,55 in the existing condition to 0,27 under conditions after handling. So that in this condition the service level of Gajah Mada is on LOS A
PENEMUAN ROCK ART BARU DI KAWASAN KARST DESA REJOSARI, KECAMATAN MANTEWE, KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sugiyanto Bambang
Published: January 2021

>Kawasan karst di Desa Rejosari, Kecamatan Mantewe, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, merupakan bagian dari gugusan karst Mantewe yang membentang luas. Penelitian arkeologi prasejarah pada kawasan karst ini sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2008, di wilayah Desa Mantewe, Desa Bulurejo, Desa Dukuhrejo, dan Desa Rejosari. Potensi budaya prasejarah yang ada pada kawasan karst Mantewe, sangat bagus, seperti situs Gua Sugung (Desa Mantewe), Gua Payung (Desa Bulurejo), dan Gua Bangkai (Desa Dukuhrejo), serta gambar cadas dengan warna hitam pada beberapa gua dan ceruk terutama pada kawasan karst Desa Dukuhrejo. Permasalahan dalam penenelitian ini adalah apakah budaya rock art itu juga ada pada kawasan karst di Desa Rejosari. Metode survei dan ekskavasi dilakukan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya kekayaan lukisan dinding gua di Rejosari, yang dapat digunakan untuk melengkapi data arkeologi prasejarah yang ada pada kawasan karst Mantewe secara umum, termasuk budaya rock art yang ada di dalamnya.

The karst area in Rejosari Village, Mantewe District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province, is the stretches out wide part of Mantewe karst cluster. Prehistoric archaeological researches on this karst area have been conducted since 2008, starting from the karst area of Mantewe Village, Bulurejo Village, Dukuhrejo Village, and in 2018 was entering Rejosari Village area. The potential of prehistoric culture in the karst is remarkable, such as the existences of Sugung Cave (Mantewe Village), Payung Cave (Bulurejo Village), and Bangkai Cave (Dukuhrejo Village), and also the black of rock art or rock drawings in some caves and niches, especially in Dukuhrejo Village. An interesting issue is filed in this research is whether the rock art culture also exists in Rejosari Village. The method of survey and excavation were used for collecting data in Rejosari karst area. The results suggest that rock art at Rejosari are treasure, that can be complement the existing prehistoric archaeological data in the Mantewe karst area in general, including the rock art culture that exists therein.
Prior authorization delays biologic initiation and is associated with a risk of asthma exacerbations
Authors: Dudiak Gregor J. , Popyack Jessica , Grimm Christy , Tyson Sara , Solic John , Ishmael Faoud T.
Published: January 2021

Background: Biologics are effective treatments for patients with severe allergic disease. Impacts of delays in the prior authorization process on clinical outcomes has not been studied. Objective: The objective was to quantify the times for approval and
filling of biologics, and whether patients were at risk of exacerbations during this time frame. Methods: The times for insurance approval and pharmacy filling of biologics (omalizumab, benralizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab) in 80 subjects with severe asthma (n = 60) or
urticaria (n = 20) from our clinic were reviewed. We compared the impact of clinical features, insurance, specialty pharmacy on fill times, and quantified exacerbations and prednisone use while awaiting biologic initiation. Results: The mean ± standard deviation
(SD) time (days) from submission of a prescription to the first dose available for injection was 44.0 ± 23.2 days. This was composed of the mean ± SD time for insurance approval (21.5 ± 19.6 days) and the mean ± SD time for a specialty pharmacy to fill the medication
(22.8 ± 14.1 days). There was no significant difference between the times for diagnosis (asthma versus urticaria), specific biologic, or insurance. The “buy and bill” system was faster than filling via a specialty pharmacy (mean ± SD, 7.3 ± 8.5 days versus
23.3 ± 21.3 days, respectively, p < 0.001). Clinical features of patients with fast versus slow approval times was not significantly different. The subjects with asthma were at high risk of exacerbations and need for prednisone while awaiting initiation of the biologics; 28 of 59
patients (47%) required prednisone, with an mean cumulative dose of 483.2 ± 273.7 mg per person. Conclusion: The prior authorization process for biologics was slow, and the subjects were at high risk of exacerbations during this time. The system needs to be improved
to expedite approval and initiation of these medications.
Primary immunodeficiency diseases treated with immunoglobulin and associated comorbidities
Authors: Dilley Michelle , Wangberg Hannah , Noone Joshua , Geng Bob
Published: January 2021

Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) consist of a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by various aspects of immune dysregulation. Although the most universally recognized manifestation of PIDD is an increased susceptibility to infections, there
is a growing body of evidence that patients with PIDD often have a higher incidence of lung disease, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory disorders, and malignancy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to better understand the noninfectious complications of PIDD by determining
the comorbid disease prevalence across various age groups, genders, and immunoglobulin replacement types compared with the general population. Methods: A large U.S. insurance claims database was retrospectively analyzed for patients who had a diagnosis of PIDD and who had
received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG). The prevalences of 31 different comorbid conditions in the Elixhauser comorbidity index were compared among the 3125 patients in the PIDD population to > 37 million controls separated by gender and by 10-year
age cohorts. Results: In the PIDD population, statistically significantly higher comorbid diagnoses included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease‐asthma in 51.5%, rheumatoid disease in 14%, deficiency anemia in 11.8%, hypothyroidism in 21.2%, lymphoma in 16.7%,
neurologic disorders in 9.7%, arrhythmias in 19.9%, electrolyte disorders in 23.6%, coagulopathies in 16.9%, and weight loss in 8.4%. Conclusion: PIDD that require immunoglobulin replacement are associated with an increased risk of numerous comorbid conditions that affect
morbidity and mortality. Recognition and increased awareness of these noninfectious complications can allow for better monitoring, care coordination, targeted treatments, and improved prognosis.
Particle-by-Particle in Situ Characterization of the Protein Corona via Real-Time 3D Single Particle Tracking Microscopy
Authors: Tan Xiaochen , Welsher Kevin
Published: January 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) adsorb proteins when exposed to biological fluids, forming a dynamic protein corona that affects their fate in biological environments. A comprehensive understanding of the protein corona is lacking due to the inability of current techniques to precisely measure the full corona in situ at the single particle level. Herein, we introduce a 3D real-time single-particle tracking spectroscopy to "lock-on" to single freely-diffusing polystyrene NPs and probe their individual protein coronas. The diffusive motions of the tracked NPs enable quantification of the "hard corona" using mean-squared displacement analysis. Critically, this method's particle-by-particle nature enabled a lock-in-type frequency filtering approach to extract the full protein corona, despite the typically confounding effect of high background signal from unbound proteins. From these results, the dynamic in situ full protein corona is observed to contain double the number of proteins than are observed in the ex situ measured "hard" protein corona.
Advantages of high fiber content millet family chosen for the study of anti-hyperlipidemic activity using the extract of Italica seeds and husk on rats
Authors: Ramana S V  , Sai Phanindra M  , Muthu Babu K
Published: January 2021

Setariaitalica is usually identified as Foxtail millet (Korralu in Telugu). It belongs to the millet family consisting of high fiber content along with many minerals, vitamins, essential aminoacids, proteins, gluten-free and very less quantity of carbohydrates. Due to enormous advantages and was less explored, this millet was chosen for the study of antihyperlipidemic activity. To examine the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of seed and husk of Setariaitalicain aetherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of Setariaitalica seeds and husk are assessed for antihyperlipidemic movement in atherogenic diet brought hyperlipidemic rats. The study was performed by comparing the results with that of standard drug atorvastatin (10mg/kg body wt). The education results are uttered as mean ± S.E and the data is analyzed by utilizing one-way investigation (ANOVA). Values with P<0.05 is measured as important. Oral management of 500mg/kg body wt of hydroalcoholic extract of Setariaitalica showed a significant reduction in the serum levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglcerides (TG), total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than the standard control. The Hydroalcoholic extract of seed possesses significant activity than the hydroalcoholic extract of a husk of Setariaitalica. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of Setariaitalica produced promising results the millets have to be consumed as a diet as it immensely controls the serum cholesterol levels, which plays a vital role in the control of cardiovascular diseases.
Analysis on Making of Finger Prosthesis using Amputation Surgery Method
Authors: Sanjeeva Rao M  , Venkateswara Rao J  , Ramarao Mannam  , Ardhanaari M
Published: January 2021

India is a vast country with a large number of individuals in the community with various disabilities. It had been estimated that there are roughly 0.62 amputees in India per thousand population. This translates to close to more than one million individuals with amputations. Digital amputation is a common injury. This very often results in extensive functional disability and a substantial psychological impact. More importantly, the outcome of digital dysfunction is detrimental to the patient's daily activities, such as buttoning a shirt or unlocking a door. Therefore, the overall goal for these patients is to rebuild a finger with the restoration of normal function, stability, length, and sensation. Prosthetic rehabilitation of amputated fingers is an attempt to rehabilitate aesthetics and limitedly function. A prosthesis will be a counterfeit body part that replaces a few of the work and presence of the absent a major aspect. The kind of your prosthetic hand, finger alternately arm will rely on upon the area Furthermore period for your remaining finger or hand Also your practical Also lifestyle necessities. It is critical with impart those exercises that you feel need aid. The separable die allowed the silicone to flow into narrow spaces. Once the mould is filled with silicone, the flask is closed and pressure is applied slowly.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR PLANT PATHOGENS DETECTION AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Paudel Manoj , Parajuli Kiran , Parajuli Sovit , Regmi Sudip
Published: January 2021

Every year huge crop losses occur due to different pathogens and disease. The traditional method of pathogen detection, which is still in practice, through visual examination is not always precise. Early detection of plant pathogens prior to severe infection is very crucial which is possible through molecular diagnostic approaches and nucleic acid-based tests. As the genetic materials are the ultimate information storage sites in living organism, their exploration through the use of nanotechnology provides the path forward for the three Ds of genomic analysis of pathogens: Diversity, Detection, and Disease diagnosis. Molecular detection method is not only precise and accurate but also faster and easier approach. Pathogen detection through PCR based tests, microarray technology, multiplexing, gene sequencing, genetic markers play a pivotal role in timely detection of causatives and take proper action to prevent the pandemic in plant population and safeguard against possible risks and famine. It is of utmost importance to prioritize such methods to detect plant pathogens, to increase our understanding of ecology and epidemiology and to prevent the spread of inoculum prior to disease spread. The application of novel diagnostic methods to inoculum detection will guide towards better understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of epidemic development, and open up new opportunities for disease forecasting and management.
注射用盐酸万古霉素胶塞筛选研究
Authors: 徐 慧娟 , 邵 婷婷 , 张 晓燕 , 杜 加秋 , 钟 梁
Published: January 2021

通过考察发现不同供应商、不同材质的胶塞制得的注射用盐酸万古霉素澄清度差异较大。因此，建议本品正式研究前期需对多种胶塞进行筛选，选出对澄清度影响最小的胶塞进行后续处方工艺开发。
人文关怀在肿瘤外科优质护理中的效果及满意度分析
Authors: 贾 雨薇
Published: January 2021

目的：分析在肿瘤外科优质护理护理中应用人文关怀的效果。方法：选择我院的74例肿瘤科患者进行分析，平均分组后分别给予优质护理、人文关怀进行研究，评价护理效果及满意度。结果：试验组护理满意度、心理状态、生活质量均优于对照组，P＜0.05。结论：在肿瘤外科优质护理中应用人文关怀的效果较为显著，值得采取。
中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响及机制研究
Authors: 袁 丹 , 杨 谦 , 郭 晓敏 , 李 璐
Published: January 2021

动脉粥样硬化是心脑血管疾病发生的病理基础，炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展中起到了非常重要的推进作用。中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞对动脉粥样硬化进展的影响成为近年研究的焦点。论文就中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对动脉粥样硬化的意义及其机制作一综述。
血管内介入治疗技术在缺血性脑血管疾病中的应用效果
Authors: 王 城
Published: January 2021

目的：分析血管内介入治疗技术在缺血性脑血管疾病中的应用效果。方法：在我院缺血性脑血管疾病患者中选取60例，时间段为2018年4月-2020年4月，随机平均分为两组，一组为对照组采取常规药物治疗，一组为实验组采取血管内介入手术治疗。分析患者治疗效果、术后并发症发生情况、生活质量和患者的住院时间。结果：实验组缺血性脑血管疾病患者的治疗有效率高于对照组，p＜0.05有统计学意义。实验组缺血性脑血管疾病患者的并发症发生率低于对照组，P＜0.05有统计学意义。治疗前两组生活质量对比无明显差异，p＞0.05没有统计学意义。治疗后实验组缺血性脑血管疾病患者的生活质量高于对照组，p＜0.05有统计学意义。实验组缺血性脑血管疾病患者的住院时间短于对照组，p＜0.05有统计学意义。结论：以血管内介入治疗技术对缺血性脑血管疾病患者进行治疗有利于患者的治疗效果提升，患者治疗后的并发症低，住院时间短，患者生活质量更能得到改善。血管内介入治疗技术在临床对缺血性脑血管疾病患者的治疗中具有推广价值。
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y su Impacto en la Calidad de Vida Laboral
Authors: Rangel Angeles Maria T. , García Bravo María M. , De la Garza Herrera Fidencio , Quiroz Salas Lourdes Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Ante la creciente globalización, la responsabilidad social empresarial ha adquirido una mayor relevancia debido a la presión que ejercen los grupos de interés, con el propósito que las empresas realicen sus actividades con fines sustentables, por lo que sus expectativas y demandas obligan a integrarla a la estrategia empresarial.

Por lo que el presente trabajo de investigación, pretende analizar los indicadores en responsabilidad social que impactan en la calidad de vida laboral, mediante la aplicación un instrumento de 66 preguntas  a 186  colaboradores de una cooperativa del sector transporte, para identificar que estrategias de responsabilidad social  tienen mayor influencia  o impacto en la calidad de vida laboral de los colaboradores  de la empresa tomada como muestra.  Este trabajo pretende evidenciar que las empresas socialmente responsables no solo impactan positivamente en la sociedad, sino también otorgan  valor a la calidad de vida de sus miembros; lo cual genera en consecuencia mayor identidad y sentido de pertenencia(Martínez, 2015).

Logrando de esta manera concluir en la comprobación de la hipótesis la cual menciona que, al implementar las acciones de responsabilidad social empresarial de mayor impacto en los miembros de una empresa, permite mejorar la calidad de vida laboral y la identidad de estos con la empresa de manera exitosa. Lo que finalmente dará como consecuencia el  mejoramiento de su competitividad.
Retinopatía Diabética: Desarrollo, Implicaciones y Herramientas Diagnosticas Novedosas
Authors: Barajas-Espinosa Alma , Mogica-Bautista Ivette , Martínez-Morales María Marlene , Hernández-Bedolla Marco Antonio , Ochoa-Cortes Fernando
Published: January 2021

La retina, el órgano visual localizado en la parte posterior del glóbulo ocular, contiene diversas células, desde fotorreceptores especializados, hasta células neuronales, células ganglionares, cuyas necesidades metabólicas son suplidas por la microvasculatura retiniana.  Dicha microvasculatura, compuesta por células endoteliales y pericitos, es altamente sensible a los niveles de glucosa en la circulación.  Pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, con un pobre control glicémico, sufren daños microvasculares en diversos tejidos, incluyendo la retina.   La condición de hiperglicemia descontrolada afecta negativamente a la microvasculatura de la retina, y a largo plazo conlleva a complicaciones irreversibles de vista como resultado de la retinopatía que se desarrolla.  Un diagnóstico temprano de la retinopatía ayudaría a disminuir el daño ocasionado, y las comorbilidades que resultan.  En esta revisión se otorga información básica sobre la retina, las condiciones patológicas que desencadena la Diabetes Tipo 2, y la utilidad del uso de proteómica de lágrimas como herramienta diagnostica de la retinopatía.
Hacia una arquitectura de software y hardware más fiable y escalable para los sistemas de salud
Authors: Marcillo-Vera Fabricio , H. Palacios Raúl , Mora Zambrano Eugenio Rafael , Shauri Romero José Daniel , Torres Bastidas Jimmy Patricio , Cobeña Cobeña Susana Magdanela
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se propone una arquitectura que comprende software y hardware con propiedades de fiabilidad y escalabilidad para la Red Pública Integral de Salud (RPIS) de Ecuador. La arquitectura consiste de un grupo de clusters Corporate Data Center alojados localmente, cada cluster individual representa una instancia de la RPIS, los cluster replican datos al clúster Amazon Web Services (Amazon RDS y Amazon S3). La propuesta se ha desarrollado para entornos Windows desktop, basado en una arquitectura cliente-servidor de n capas. En los resultados, se realizaron aspectos de escalabilidad, replicación y disponibilidad de datos en los nodos de la RPIS. El sistema propuesto tiene capacidad de complementarse con sistemas automatizados, tal como, LIS, RIS y PACS.
Mumpreneurs: más allá de la relación “Emprendimiento-maternidad”
Authors: Acosta Velázquez Silvia Concepción , Pedraza Amador Elba Mariana
Published: January 2021

El rol que cultural y socialmente se adjudica a las mujeres como responsables de la casa y el cuidado de la familia ha sufrido transformaciones al paso del tiempo por dos razones principales; la primera está en función de circunstancias que las llevan a convertirse en cabeza de familia, y la segunda atiende al deseo de independencia económica y desarrollo profesional, lo que ha permitido la creación de espacios para ellas en el ámbito laboral, en donde desempeñan actividades hasta poco consideradas exclusivas del género masculino.

Sin embargo, pareciera que las condiciones de desigualdad, falta de oportunidades de crecimiento en el mundo laboral y la propia naturaleza femenina juegan en contra de las aspiraciones de las mujeres trabajadoras de conciliar ambos roles, pues es frecuente que su vida después de la maternidad dé un giro que las lleva a cambiar sus prioridades y plantearse la disyuntiva de abandonar su empleo para atender al nuevo integrante de la familia o sacrificar su vida personal en pro de su desarrollo profesional.

Esta búsqueda de equilibrio madre-trabajadora crea una nueva dinámica y da origen a un fenómeno que cada vez cobra mayor fuerza alrededor del mundo, el de las mumpreneurs, que se aborda en este artículo con el propósito de descubrir, a partir de una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura disponible, qué hay más allá de la relación maternidad-emprendimiento y qué ventajas supone para el sector femenino, la conciliación de ambos roles.
Essential competencies in a clinical psychologist for a functional application of face-to-face and online psychotherapy
Authors: Rueda-León Luis Vicente , Linares-Maldonado Jorge Abdiel , Quiroz-González Carolina , Sandoval-Arellano Arnoldo
Published: January 2021

A systematic review is presented which aimed to identify and compare the features of the clinical skills and abilities of the psychologists in clinical practice in person and online. The collected literature was found through some databases like: PubMed, Elservier, Redalyc, SCIelo, and Scholar Google, articles that were both in english and spanish were considered, mainly published between 2000 and 2020. In the selected browsers, the next set of words were selected: “competencias clínicas”, “habilidades clínicas”, “Psicoterapia”, “Telepsicología”, “psicología clínica”, “clínical skills”, “clinical competence”, “psychotherapy”,  “clinical psychology” and “telepsychology”, those which were found mainly on the title, the abstract and the objectives. The obtained results are a compilation of 7 articles found in Europe and America, which refer to the requirements to practice properly as a mental health professional, however, it was observed that coupled with the little information on the subject, the features that are repeated within the investigations are very general characteristics for the face-to-face setting, and almost nil for the perspective of a psychologist who seeks to perform psychotherapy online.
Perceptions of objective formative assessment in language learning
Authors: Guevara-Bazán Isaí A. , Mata Martínez Karla Lizeth , Martínez-Cortés Jorge
Published: January 2021

The objective of this report was to describe the significant role that the objective formative assessment plays in learning a language. To do this, the information and data were displayed to prove if the use of objective formative assessment is an appropriate way to increase language learning. Data was collected with a questionnaire that covered individuals' perception of exams, mid-term exams, short-practice-exams / quizzes, self-evaluations, and exercises with scores.

The frequency statistical test was used to measure the individuals' level of approval. The Likert scale was used to collect the perception of the subjects. The graphics, the median, and the mode were used to prove the tendency since this was a non-parametric test and the scales were ordinal. Sampling was selected randomly. 117 from a total population of 500. They were students from Veracruz who have been studying English at the Language Center in Xalapa. All of them have been studying English for more than one year. Results showed that individuals perceive that objective summative assessment is not the best way to learn. On the contrary, individuals perceived that objective formative assessment was better to learn languages. Simulating exams and quizzes, as well as exercises, were preferable. Implementations of objective formative assessment activities could be a strategy for improving learning, lower the stress, and prepare students for real objective summative examinations.
El malogrado Congreso Internacional de Paludismo de Madrid de 1936
Authors: Fernández Astasio Balbina
Published: January 2021

Resumen
La malaria o paludismo es una de las enfermedades conocidas desde antiguo y que sigue despertando el interés de los investigadores dada su incidencia en la mortalidad y morbilidad. En España la lucha antipalúdica fue impulsada a principios del siglo XX por los médicos Gustavo Pittaluga y Sadí de Buen. El interés de la comunidad científica en poner en común los conocimientos en la lucha contra la malaria generó diversos encuentros entre especialistas, estando previsto que el III Congreso Internacional de Paludismo se celebrase en Madrid del 12 al 18 de Octubre de 1936. Lamentablemente para la ciencia y después de una rigurosa preparación, la Guerra Civil Española iniciada ese mismo año impidió la celebración del que hubiera supuesto sin duda un importante hito científico en la historiografía del paludismo en España, así como situar al país en el lugar que le corresponde en la lucha antipalúdica y en la transmisión de la información entre especialistas en malaria.
Abstra ct
Malaria is one of the most ancient diseases known and it continues waking up the interest of investigators because of it incidence in mortality and morbidity. In Spain the antimalarial fight was impelled at the beginning of the 20th century by doctors Gustavo Pittaluga and Sadí de Buen. The interest of the scientific community in pooling in common the knowledge about the fight against Malaria generated different meetings between specialists, so scientific community were looking forward to a III International Malaria Conference in Madrid from 12 to 18 of October of 1936. Unfortunately for science and after a rigorous preparation, the Spanish Civil War initiated that year couldn’t make possible the celebration which had supposed without a doubt an important scientific achievement in the historiography of malaria in Spain, as well as to locate our country in the place that it belongs in the antimalarial fight and the transmission of the information between specialists in malaria.
Pioneras en la Paleontología española: María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado (1921-1985)
Authors: Rábano Isabel
Published: January 2021

Resumen
Se presentan algunos aspectos de la biografía de María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado (1921-1985), una pionera desconocida en la historia de la Geología española. El matrimonio y la maternidad la retiraron de la ciencia tras una breve pero intensa actividad investigadora. Licenciada en Ciencias, Sección de Ciencias Naturales, por la Universidad Central en 1946, obtuvo una beca del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid para realizar su tesis doctoral sobre el Devónico en España, dirigida por Francisco Hernández-Pacheco. Colaboró con Manuel Alía Medina en algunas cuestiones paleontológicas de las investigaciones geológico-mineras del Sáhara Occidental. Asimismo, se muestra la evolución de la enseñanza de las materias geológicas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en España.
Abstra ct
This paper deals with some aspects of María Teresa Rodríguez Mellado´s biography (1921-1985), an unknown pioneer in the history of Spanish Geology. Marriage and motherhood removed her from science after a brief but intense research work. She graduated in Natural Sciences in 1946, and got a Spanish National Research Council scholarship to carry out her Ph.D. thesis on the Devonian of Spain, supervised by Francisco Hernández-Pacheco. She collaborated with Manuel Alía Medina on some paleontological issues of the geology of Western Sahara. Also, the evolution of the teaching of geological subjects during the first half of the 20th century in Spain is shown.
BRIEF OVERVIEW ON HEPATITIS C VIRUS IMMUNOASSAYS
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Sharma Pankaj , Talat Gaush , Gautam Praveen , Chhabra Reba , Singh Surinder
Published: January 2021

The publication deals with a brief overview of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and donor blood screening for HCV by using conventional Rapid, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) also. The advantages of various generation of HCV tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reduction in window period are discussed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE REFRAMING OF PREVENTING ADAPTATION PROBLEMS OF YOUTH
Authors: Yasemin ÖZGÜN Songül , İKİZ Fatma Ebru
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversitede öğrenim gören gençlerin yaşadıkları uyum sorunlarındaki olumsuz iç konuşmalarının ve uyum sorunlarıyla baş etmede yeniden çerçevelemelerin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden
içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 47’si kadın 20’si erkek ön lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma senaryolar aracılığıyla uyumsal problemlere gençlerin verdiği duygusal, düşünsel tepkileri ve bu
uyumsal sorunları yeniden değerlendirme ve çerçeveleme şekillerini belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Senaryolara verilen yanıtlar önceden oluşturan kod tablosuna aktarılmıştır. Araştırmanın analiz aşamasında ise NVivo 12 içerik analizi
programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, uyum sorunlarına yönelik sunulan senaryolarda “üzgün olma, çaresizlik, pişmanlık, kızgınlık, kararsızlık” kelimelerinin sık ifade edilen duygu tepkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Uyum
sorunlarına verilen düşünsel tepkilerin en sık olumlu düşünme, meli/malı düşünce, kişiselleştirme ve duygusal kararlar olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak gençlerin çoğunun uyum sorunları karşısında yeniden çerçeveleme stratejisini
tanımlayabildikleri saptanmıştır.
AN EXAMINATION OF RELIGIOUS CULTURE AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE COURSE BOOK FOR INCLUSION OF ROOT VALUES
Authors: EKER Cevat , ÜNLÜ Sümeyra
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada 5. sınıf din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi ders kitabında yer alan okuma metinlerinde değerlerin yer alma durumunu incelemek ve bu değerlerin metinlere göre dağılımını nasıl olduğunu belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada
nitel araştırmalar kategorisinde olan doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle, öğretim programlarında öğrencilere kazandırılması için kök değerler olarak belirtilen “adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, öz denetim, sabır, saygı, sevgi,
sorumluluk, vatanseverlik, yardımseverlik” değerleri ile ilgili okuma metinlerinde yer alan ifadeler belirlenmiş, ardından bu ifadeler yorumlanarak ilgili değerin başlığı altında verilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları tablo halinde
sunulmuş ve frekans ile yüzde değerleri verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen ünitelerde en fazla yer alan kök değerin ‘’sevgi’’, en az yer alan kök değerin ise ‘’dostluk ve sabır’’ olduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştırma sonuçları
öğretim programında özellikle üzerinde durulan kök değerlerin 5. Sınıf Din kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi ders kitabı metinlerinde bulunma düzeylerini ortaya koymuş ve eksiklikleri tespit etmiştir. On kök değere az yer verilen ünitelere
ait okuma metinlerinin tekrar düzenlenmesinin öğrenciye değerleri öğretebilmek açısından katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.