bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus fertilization enhanced overwintering, root system and forage yield of late-seeded alfalfa in sodic soils
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Xie Jihong , Fan Fan , Sun Zhen , Yuan Feng , Wang Qiqi , Yu Linqing , Liu Yaling , Li Jie , Cui Lele
Published: August 2024

Sowing date and soil fertility are very important factors in the overwintering and production performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), yet there’s a knowledge gap in knowledge on how late-seeded alfalfa responds to phosphorus (P) fertilization. A field study was conducted in Inner Mongolia from 2020 to 2022 using a split-plot design. The main plots consisted of five sowing dates (31 July, 8, 16, and 24 August, and 1 September), while the subplots involved five P application rates (0, 40, 70, 100, and 130 kg P2O5 ha−1). Throughout the growing seasons, the overwintering rate, root traits, forage yield, and yield components were measured. The results revealed a consistent decrease in overwintering ability and productivity with the delayed sowing. This reduction in overwintering rate was mainly due to diminished root traits, while the decrease in forage yield was largely associated with a reduction in plants per square meter. However, P fertilizer application to late-seeded alfalfa demonstrated potential in enhancing the diameter of both the crown and taproot, thus strengthening the root system and improving the overwintering rate, the rate of increase ranges from 11.6 to 49%. This adjustment could also improve the shoots per square meter and mass per shoot, increasing by 9.4–31.3% and 15.0–27.1% respectively in 2 years, which can offset the decline in forage yield caused by late sowing and might even increase the forage yield. Regression and path analysis indicated that alfalfa forage yield is primarily affected by mass per shoot rather than shoots per square meter. This study recommended that the sowing of alfalfa in similar regions of Inner Mongolia should not be later than mid-August. Moreover, applying P fertilizer (P2O5) at 70.6–85.9 kg ha−1 can enhance the forage yield and persistence of late-seeded alfalfa. Therefore, appropriate late sowing combined with the application of P fertilizer can be used as an efficient cultivation strategy for alfalfa cultivation after a short-season crop harvest in arid and cold regions.
Immune response, oxidative stress, and histological changes of Wistar rats after being administered with Parascaris equorum antigen
Authors: Yehia Salma Adel , Badr Abeer Mahmoud , Bashtar Abdel-Rahman , Ibrahim Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz , Mousa Mohamed Refat , Mostafa Nesma Abbas
Published: August 2024

Worldwide, particularly in developing nations, helminth infections are the leading causes of livestock illness and mortality. Parascaris (P.) equorum, a parasitic worm from the Ascarididae family, significantly impacts the production, health, and working performance of equines. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intraperitoneal sensitization of P. equorum on the immune system, oxidative stress, and histology in Wistar rats. After acclimatization for 7 days, we divided the rats into five groups, each consisting of six rats. Group I, serving as the control, was administered distilled water, followed by groups II (day 7), III (day 14), IV (day 21), and V (day 33). The rats were euthanized every day mentioned (Days 7–33). On day 0, a dosage of 1ml/100 gm rat (containing 500 μg/ml protein content) emulsified crude antigen extract with an incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (1:1 volume), followed by a second dose of the same antigen concentration on day 7. To assess the allergenicity of this nematode, we measured a whole blood profile, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33, total immunoglobulins IgE and IgG, and oxidative stress markers. Also, we examined histological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The results showed that values of total leukocyte count, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) increased on day 14 post-infection relative to other days of investigation. It was found that the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgE and IgG) and cytokines (INF-γ, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33) on days 14 and 21 were significantly higher than in the control group. At all periods of the experiment, the injected group exhibited significantly higher concentrations of MDA and NO compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, GSH and CAT levels (P < 0.05) dropped significantly on days 7, 14, and 21. Different rat tissues showed alterations. Ultimately, this study described the detrimental effects of P. equorum crude antigen administration on the immune system, oxidative states, and histological changes of Wistar rats at various intervals.
Ten years of oil pollution detection in the Eastern Mediterranean shipping lanes opposite the Egyptian coast using remote sensing techniques
Authors: Baghdady Salma M. , Abdelsalam Ali A.
Published: August 2024

The Eastern Mediterranean region, a vital conduit for global maritime trade, faces significant environmental challenges due to marine pollution, particularly from oil spills. This is the first study covering the long period of comprehensive monitoring of oil pollution using the full mission of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in the Mediterranean Sea, so this research aims to detect and analyze comprehensively the occurrence of oil spills in the Eastern Mediterranean over a decade (2014–2023). This study focuses on identifying geographical distribution patterns, proximity to shorelines, frequency across maritime zones, and potential sources of these spills, especially around major ports and maritime routes. This study utilizes SAR data from the Sentinel-1 satellite. The methodology included automated detection algorithms within the Sentinel application platform (SNAP) and integration with GIS mapping to study oil spill patterns and characteristics. Over 1000 Sentinel-1 scenes were investigated in the northern Mediterranean waters off the coast of Egypt, to detect and analyze 355 oil spill events with a total impacted area of more than 6000 km2. The analysis of temporal spill distribution reveals significant fluctuations from year to year. Within the entire timeline of the study, 2017 had the largest spatial areas covering one thousand square kilometers. In contrast, the single largest spill recorded during the study period occurred in 2020, covering 198.73 square kilometers. The results identified a non-uniform distribution of oil spills and primarily exhibiting elongated patterns aligned with the navigation routes. The distinct increase of oil spill incidents was within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), obviously drifted to the coastline and around major ports. The study emphasizes the critical role of remote sensing technologies in addressing environmental challenges caused by the maritime transport sector, advocating for enhanced monitoring and regulatory enforcement to protect marine ecosystems and support sustainable naval activities. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted continuous monitoring and rapid response strategies in high-traffic maritime areas, particularly around the EEZ and major ports.
Metal-insulator transition of spinless fermions coupled to dispersive optical bosons
Authors: Lange Florian , Fehske Holger
Published: August 2024

Including the previously ignored dispersion of phonons we revisit the metal-insulator transition problem in one-dimensional electron-phonon systems on the basis of a modified spinless fermion Holstein model. Using matrix-product-state techniques we determine the global ground-state phase diagram in the thermodynamic limit for the half-filled band case, and show that in particular the curvature of the bare phonon band has a significant effect, not only on the transport properties characterized by the conductance and the Luttinger liquid parameter, but also on the phase space structure of the model as a whole. While a downward curved (convex) dispersion of the phonons only shifts the Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid to charge-density-wave quantum phase transition towards stronger EP coupling, an upward curved (concave) phonon band leads to a new phase-separated state which, in the case of strong dispersion, can even completely cover the charge-density wave. Such phase separation does not occur in the related Edwards fermion-boson model.
Thermal modulation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and plasmon-induced catalysis in Ag nanoparticle/ZnO microrod composites
Authors: Wang Yinong , Liu Rui , Zhong Zhiyue , Liu Jinpeng , Feng Xiao , Liu Lizhao , Jiang Feng
Published: August 2024

The varying effects of temperature on SERS and plasmon-induced catalysis have been demonstrated with experimental methods.
Highly efficient synthesis of enantioenriched vicinal halohydrins via Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation using dynamic kinetic resolution
Authors: He Bin , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2024

We herein report a novel synthetic route for chiral cis-vicinal halohydrins derivatives through Ir/f-phamidol-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of corresponding α-halogenated ketones with up to 99% yield, up to >99% dr, and up to 99% ee.
Superconducting NbC nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in a liquid
Authors: Fabris Fernando , García-Flores Ali F. , Cagigas Julian Andres Munevar , Acuña José Javier Sáez , Rettori Carlos , Urbano Ricardo R.
Published: August 2024

Superconducting niobium carbide (NbC) nanoparticles produced by laser ablation in acetone at different laser fluences. The magnetic and superconducting properties of the nanoparticles were subsequently studied.
Insights into the specific feature of the electrostatic recognition binding mechanism between BM2 and BM1: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Xing Guixuan , Zheng Qingchuan
Published: August 2024

The hydrogen bond network and salt-bridge interactions centred on E94B contribute significantly to the binding of BM2 with BM1.
Insight into magnetically induced ring currents and photophysics of six-porphyrin nanorings
Authors: Valiulina Lenara I. , Cherepanov Victor N. , Khoroshkin Kirill
Published: August 2024

The X–H algorithm is used to reveal the main accepting modes for the IC process. Replacing the H atom in acceptor bonds with appropriate substituents may reduce the IC rate constant and increase the fluorescence quantum yield of porphyrin nanorings.
Reductive hydrothermal conversion of uranyl oxalates into UO2+x monitored by in situ XANES analyses
Authors: Benarib Sofian , Munoz Maëva , Kieffer Isabelle , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Dacheux Nicolas , Clavier Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Hydrothermal conversion of uranyl oxalate into UO2+x unravelled by in situ XANES, opening a new avenue for nuclear fuel fabrication.
Mechanistic insights on C(acyl)–N functionalisation mediated by late transition metals
Authors: Pillai Vivek G. , Malyk Kaycie R. , Kennedy C. Rose
Published: August 2024

Analysis of C(acyl)–N functionalisation mechanisms with a focus on recent developments involving mechanisms unique to the late transition metals.
Investigating the reactivity and cellular interactions of indazole-based ruthenium(ii) complexes in cancer and leishmania cells
Authors: Sales Danilo Kleber Santos , Fernandes Gabriela Cruz , Silva Carlos Daniel Silva da , Cezar Isabela Santos , Silva Dahara Keyse Carvalho , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , Meira Cássio Santana , de Sousa Eduardo Henrique Silva , Lopes Luiz Gonzaga de França , de Sá Denise Santos
Published: August 2024

Study of indazole-based ruthenium(ii) complexes demonstrates cytotoxic efficacy against cancer cells and significant leishmanicidal activity.
Unveiling the scope and perspectives of MOF-derived materials for cutting-edge applications
Authors: Rafiq Khezina , Sabir Mamoona , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Hussain Ejaz
Published: August 2024

Synthesis and design of MOFs and its derived compounds are crucial factors to ensure the successful implementation for targeted applications.
Redox-active ligand promoted multielectron reactivity at earth-abundant transition metal complexes
Authors: Zou Minzhu , Waldie Kate M.
Published: August 2024

This review highlights the application of redox-active ligands for achieving substrate activation and reactivity through multielectron transfer at earth-abundant transition metal complexes.
Green catalyst of cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles using petai peel extract for the synthesis of thiazolidinedione-based chalcone 4H-thiopyran as an antioxidant
Authors: Nadia Aida , Cahyana Antonius Herry , Annas Dicky , Madiabu Mohammad Jihad , Ardiansah Bayu
Published: August 2024

Green synthesis of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles mediated by petai peel extract (PPE) as a nanocatalyst for the synthesis of thiazolidinedione-based chalcone 4H-thiopyran.
The role of current synthetic and possible plant and marine phytochemical compounds in the treatment of acne
Authors: Ramsis Triveena , Refat M. Selim Heba Mohammed , Elseedy Howida , Fayed Eman A.
Published: August 2024

Acne is a long-standing skin condition characterized by plugged hair follicles due to the accumulation of dead skin cells, sebum, and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria, causing inflammation, and the formation of pimples or lesions.
Magnetically recyclable spherical Cu2O@Fe3O4 S-scheme heterojunction for efficient tetracycline removal via visible light-activated peroxydisulfate
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Zhang Lianyue , Zhang Haiyue , Cai Runyu , Jin Hengda , Xu Man , Cao Xuan , Yao Shuhua
Published: August 2024

A straightforward hydrothermal method to prepare magnetically recyclable spherical Cu2O@Fe3O4 S-scheme heterojunction for efficient tetracycline removal via visible light-activated peroxydisulfate.
Chemical composition and toxicity studies on Lantana camara L. flower essential oil and its in silico binding and pharmacokinetics to superoxide dismutase 1 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapy
Authors: Haikal Abdullah , Ali Ahmed R.
Published: August 2024

Using the gas chromatography mass spectrometry method, the chemical components of essential oil from flowers of Lantana camara growing in Egypt are analyzed.
Unnatural enzyme activation by a metal-responsive regulatory protein
Authors: Halfin Olga , Avram Liat , Albeck Shira , Unger Tamar , Motiei Leila , Margulies David
Published: August 2024

A bifunctional molecule with binders for calmodulin (CaM) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) converts GST into a triggerable enzyme, whose activity is unnaturally regulated by CaM's conformational state and consequently, by calcium ions.
Density and inertia effects on two-dimensional active semiflexible filament suspensions
Authors: Janzen Giulia , Matoz-Fernandez D. A.
Published: August 2024

We reveal that increasing density and Péclet numbers induce a reentrant phase transition in active semiflexible filaments, causing spirals to revert to chain-like shapes. This is driven by inertial effects at the level of a single polymer.
Insights into Ti3N2T2/VS2 (T = F, O, OH) heterostructures as innovative anode materials for lithium/sodium/magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Feng-Ming , Zhao Xiao-Meng , Luo Han-Bai , Shang Chun-Liang , Gao Hui-Min , Wang Xiao-Lin
Published: August 2024

Novel Ti3N2T2/VS2 (T = F, O, OH) heterostructures with excellent thermal stability, metallicity, mechanical stability, adsorption, diffusion and electrochemical performance are designed and tested as anode materials for LIBs/SIBs/MIBs.
Composite of perovskite and fluorite fuel electrodes for efficient carbon dioxide electrolysis in solid oxide electrolyzer cells
Authors: Li Hao-Yang , Su Pei-Chen
Published: August 2024

Stronger mutually electronic activation effect between CMF and SFM perovskite oxide enabled better CO2RR catalytical performance.
JADES: Carbon enrichment 350 Myr after the Big Bang
Authors: D’Eugenio Francesco , Maiolino Roberto , Carniani Stefano , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , Witstok Joris , Charlot Stephane , Baker William M. , Arribas Santiago , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Curti Mirko , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin , Ji Zhiyuan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J. , Nakajima Kimihiko , Nelson Erica , Rieke Marcia , Robertson Brant , Scholtz Jan , Smit Renske , Sun Fengwu , Venturi Giacomo , Tacchella Sandro , Übler Hannah , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Willott Chris
Published: August 2024

Finding the emergence of the first metals in the early Universe and identifying their origin are some of the most important goals of modern astrophysics. We present deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of GS-z12, a galaxy at z = 12.5, in which we report the detection of the C III]λλ1907,1909 nebular emission line. This represents the most distant detection of a metal transition, and the most distant redshift determination based on emission lines. In addition, we report tentative detections of [O II]λλ3726,3729 and [Ne III]λ3869, and possibly O III]λλ1661,1666. By using the accurate redshift obtained from C III], we can model the Lyα drop to reliably measure an absorbing column density of hydrogen of NH I ≈ 1022 cm−2, which is too high for an IGM origin and implies an abundant neutral ISM in GS-z12 or in the CGM around it. We tentatively infer a lower limit for the neutral gas mass of about 107 M⊙ which, compared with the galaxy stellar mass of ∼5 × 107 M⊙, implies a gas fraction higher than about 0.2–0.5. By comparing the measured emission lines with model-based diagnostic diagrams, we derive a solar or even super-solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio, tentatively log (C/O) >  − 0.21 dex ([C/O] > 0.15 dex), while a Bayesian modelling of the spectrum indicates log (C/O) = − 0.30 ± 0.07 dex ([C/O] = 0.06 ± 0.07 dex). This is higher than the C/O measured in galaxies discovered by JWST at z = 6 − 9, and higher than the C/O arising from Type II supernovae enrichment. Asymptotic giant branch stars can hardly contribute to the observed carbon enrichment at these early epochs and low metallicities. Such a high C/O in a galaxy observed 350 Myr after the Big Bang may thus be explained by the yields of extremely metal-poor stars, and may even be the heritage of the first generation of supernovae from Population III progenitors. A robust determination of the total metallicity in this galaxy is essential to constrain these scenarios.
Cluster membership analysis with supervised learning and N-body simulations
Authors: Bissekenov A. , Kalambay M. , Abdikamalov E. , Pang X. , Berczik P. , Shukirgaliyev B.
Published: August 2024

Context. Membership analysis is an important tool for studying star clusters. There are various approaches to membership determination, including supervised and unsupervised machine-learning (ML) methods.

Aims. We perform membership analysis using the supervised ML approach.

Methods. We trained and tested our ML models on two sets of star cluster data: snapshots from N-body simulations, and 21 different clusters from the Gaia Data Release 3 data.

Results. We explored five different ML models: random forest (RF), decision trees, support vector machines, feed-forward neural networks, and K-nearest neighbors. We find that all models produce similar results, and the accuracy of RF is slightly better. We find that a balance of classes in the datasets is optional for a successful learning. The classification accuracy strongly depends on the astrometric parameters. The addition of photometric parameters does not improve the performance. We find no strong correlation between the classification accuracy and the cluster age, mass, and half-mass radius. At the same time, models trained on clusters with a larger number of members generally produce better results.
Non-thermal electrons in an eruptive solar event: Magnetic structure, confinement, and escape into the heliosphere
Authors: Klein Karl-Ludwig , Salas Matamoros Carolina , Hamini Abdallah , Kollhoff Alexander
Published: August 2024

Context. Filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reveal large-scale instabilities of magnetic structures in the solar corona. Some of them are accompanied by radio emission, which at decimetric and longer wavelengths is a signature of electron acceleration that may be different from the acceleration in impulsive flares. The radio emission is part of the broadband continua at decimetre and metre wavelengths called type IV bursts.

Aims. In this article we investigate a particularly well-observed combination of a filament eruption seen in Hα and at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and a moving type IV burst on 2021 August 24. The aim is to shed light on the relationship between the large-scale erupting magnetic structure and the acceleration and transport of non-thermal electrons.

Methods. We used imaging observations of a moving radio source and associated burst groups with the refurbished Nançay Radioheliograph and whole-Sun radio spectrography from different ground-based and space-borne instruments, in combination with X-ray, radio, and in situ electron observations at tens of keV from Solar Orbiter and EUV imaging by SDO/AIA. The radio sources are located with respect to the erupting magnetic structure traced by the filament (EUV 30.4 nm), and the timing of the electrons detected in situ is compared with the timing of the different radio emissions.

Results. We find that the moving radio source is located at the top of the erupting magnetic structure outlined by the filament, which we interpret as a magnetic flux rope. The flux rope erupts in a strongly non-radial direction, guided by the overlying magnetic field of a coronal hole. The electrons detected at Solar Orbiter are found to be released mainly in two episodes, 10–40 minutes after the impulsive phase. The releases coincide with two groups of radio bursts, which originate respectively on the flank and near the top of the erupting flux rope.

Conclusions. The observation allows an unusually clear association between a moving type IV radio burst, an erupting magnetic flux rope as core structure of a CME, and particle releases into the heliosphere. Non-thermal electrons are confined in the flux rope. Electrons escape to the heliosphere mainly in two distinct episodes, which we relate to magnetic reconnection between the flux rope and ambient open field lines.
Space and laboratory discovery of iminopentadienylidene, HNC5
Authors: Fuentetaja R. , Cabezas C. , Endo Y. , Agúndez M. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: August 2024

We report the discovery of HNC5 in TMC-1. Six lines have been found in harmonic relation, with quantum numbers J = 12−11 up to J = 17−16. The lines can be reproduced with the standard frequency relation for linear molecules with B = 1361.75034 ± 0.00033 MHz and D = 32.2 ± 0.7 Hz. The assignment of the carrier to iminopentadienylidene was achieved through examining the possible candidates at a high level of theoretical ab initio calculations. Motivated by the good agreement between the observed B and the calculated value for HNC5, we searched for it in the laboratory and observed the transitions J = 5−4 to 7−6. The derived rotational and distortion constants are 1361.74998 ± 0.00040 MHz and 26.5 ± 5.5 Hz, respectively. Hence, we solidly conclude that the carrier of the lines found in TMC-1 is HNC5. The calculated dipole moment for this species is 7.7 D and the derived column density is (1.3 ± 0.2) × 1010 cm−2. We used the new QUIJOTE data to improve previous observations of HC4NC and found that the abundance ratio HC4NC/HNC5 is 10 ± 2. The abundance ratio of HC5N and its two isomers HC4NC and HNC5 is 500 ± 80 and 5100 ± 800, respectively. These abundance ratios are higher by a factor of ∼10 than those of the equivalent isomers of HC3N. Chemical models reproduce the observed abundances reasonably well when a chemistry similar to that of the smaller species C3HN isomers is adopted. The formation of HNC5 and HC4NC arises from the dissociative recombination with electrons of the cations HC5NH+ and HC4NCH+.
A Study of the Effect of CO2-Water-Rock Reaction on Caprock Mechanical Sealing Ability
Authors: Liu Bin , Hu Tianxiang
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the Johansen formation in the Norwegian CO2 geologic sequestration project is taken as the research object, and a multi-field coupled chemical-seepage-stress model is established to analyze the effects of CO2-water-rock reaction on the mechanical structural parameters, such as the pore pressure and the effective stress. Tensile safety factor and shear safety factor of the caprock are selected as evaluation indexes to describe the evolution of the caprock mechanical sealing ability over time dynamically. The simulation results show that the mechanical parameters change a lot during 0-50 years, and the change of mechanical parameters near the injection wells is larger than that far away from the injection wells, indicating that mechanical damage is more likely to occur near the injection wells. However, in 200 years, the tensile safety factor and shear safety factor of the caprock are always greater than 0, indicating that no tensile damage or shear damage occurs in the caprock, and the caprock sealing ability is good.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time on Liquid Smoke Yield in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Shells Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Hasibuan Rosdanelli , Limbong Yunus Widodo , Fazillah Risma , Pramananda Viqry
Published: August 2024

Biomass pyrolysis is an emerging method to manage solid biomass from agricultural activity, which transforms solid organic materials thermally to create solid, liquid, and non-condensable gases as its product. This research was conducted to understand the effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on the yield of liquid smoke from coconut shell biomass. In this work, the pyrolysis was performed with temperatures of 350°C, 450°C, and 550°C, with a pyrolysis time of 2, 3, and 4 hours. Based on this work, it is known that both pyrolysis temperature and time affected the yield of liquid smoke. The liquid smoke obtained at temperature pyrolysis of 350°C for 4 hours yields 46,5%, with density of 1.025 g/ml, viscosity of 1,555 cP, and pH of 2. GC-MS characterization revealed the 20 components in obtained liquid smoke, including organic acids, carbonyl compounds, phenolic compounds, and another compound. Acetic acid is the dominant component, up to 51.40%.
Comparative Heat Transfer Performance of TPMS Structures: Spotlight on Fisch Koch S versus Gyroid, Diamond and SplitP Lattices
Authors: Barakat Abdallah , Pan Yi , Sun BeiBei
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the thermal behavior of different TPMS configurations, specifically examining the Fischer Koch S lattice in comparison to Gyroid, Diamond, and SplitP lattices. Utilizing numerical simulations alongside experimental validation, the research delves into the efficacy of different TPMS designs in enhancing convective heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Results indicate that the Fischer Koch S lattice outperforms other models, exhibiting enhanced convective heat transfer rates and increased Nusselt numbers due to greater areas of contact between the fluid and the solid surfaces and optimized flow patterns. Nevertheless, it also demonstrates significant pressure drops at high Reynolds numbers. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to refine performance based on these insights.
Selection and Economic Evaluation of Production Process for Titanium Slag Smelting in Yunnan
Authors: Huang Shihong , Cui Yan , Zhang Liang , Long Xianhao
Published: August 2024

Given the significant titanium resources in Yunnan Province, discuss the economic viability of their development and utilization. This paper presents an overview of the titanium ore resources and the process of titanium slag smelting in Yunnan Province, examines the rationale for selecting a DC arc furnace for titanium slag smelting in Yunnan province. The process offers advantages such as high production capacity, comprehensive utilization of flue gas, energy efficiency, and low electrode consumption. It also assesses input, consumption, and benefits. The project delivers significant social and economic benefits with strong risk mitigation capabilities.
The influence of N and Bi on the band structure and band offsets of InAsNBi alloys
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Ke , Duan Yi
Published: August 2024

We present the electronic properties of InAsNBi with N and Bi concentrations based on 16×16 band Hamiltonian model. This model is extended from Band Anti-crossing (BAC) and the dimension of basis states used in the Hamiltonian matrix is 16. Under the condition that the quaternary compound matches the lattice configuration of the InAs substrate, the variations of band gap (Eg), spin-orbit coupling energy (ΔSO) has been examined as a dependency on the mole fractions of N and Bi. Our findings indicate the integration of N and Bi atoms in InAs gives rise to a substantial band gap energy minimization and the growth of spin-orbit coupling energy. Subsequently a crossover (ΔSO = Eg) is observed at a Bi concentration of 0.37%, which contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of photonic devices by suppress Auger recombination. We further reveal the band offset with different N and Bi concentrations and considered the influence of the substrate on the material deviation. The conduction band energy mislignment (ΔEc) of InAsNBi exceeds energy misalignment in the valence bands (ΔEv), which is required to improve thermal-insensitive characteristics of semiconductor devices. Moreover, the significant mastery over the edges of the conduction and valence bands by adjusting the concentration of N and Bi will increase the flexibility to design InAsNBi/InAs structures.
Advancing Water Sustainability: Innovative Technologies in Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering
Authors: Liu Xu
Published: August 2024

In the evolving field of water environment, hydrology, and water resources engineering, advanced water treatment techniques have emerged as pivotal elements in addressing contemporary challenges and ensuring sustainable water management. This academic article delves into a thorough examination of these advanced techniques, offering a comprehensive review that bridges the gap between cutting-edge technology and practical applications. It systematically explores a variety of key methods, including membrane technologies, advanced oxidation processes, and biological treatment systems, highlighting their effectiveness in various scenarios. The article further assesses the implications of these technologies on sustainable water management, focusing on their environmental impact and contributions to hydrological balance. It discusses how these methods aid in mitigating water pollution, enhancing water quality, and ensuring the efficient use of water resources. Additionally, the study sheds light on the integration of these technologies into current water management practices, examining their role in addressing the challenges posed by urbanization, industrialization, and climate change. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of water resources engineering, the article also explores the interplay between these advanced water treatment methods and broader environmental and hydrological systems. It underscores the necessity for an integrated approach that combines technological innovation with sustainable practices, policy-making, and community involvement. By highlighting the importance of these technologies in contemporary water management strategies, the study aims to inform and inspire ongoing research, development, and implementation in this crucial field.
Overview and Prospects of Sodium Battery Development in the Context of Accelerated Penetration of Electrification
Authors: Yang Jiapeng
Published: August 2024

Electrification is an essential way to promote the green transformation of energy. Sodium power has attracted wide attention at home and abroad due to its abundant reserves, excellent low-temperature performance, and great safety. This paper firstly overviews the current development status of sodium batteries, analyzes the comparative advantages of sodium batteries over lithium batteries, and evaluates the future comprehensive positioning of sodium batteries. Secondly, the characteristics and progress of the current stage of technology routes of positive and negative electrode materials for sodium batteries are elaborated, and development suggestions are put forward. Finally, the application prospect and economy of sodium batteries are thoroughly analyzed, and the future market space of sodium batteries is preliminarily predicted.
Giant Atypical Spindle Cell Lipomatous Tumor of Retroperitoneal Origin Presenting with Lung Metastasis and Extension to the Thigh: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Kasat Paschyanti , Kashikar Shivali , Parihar Pratapsingh , Nagendra Vadlamudi , Sachani Pratiksha
Published: August 2024

Retroperitoneal liposarcomas are rare, and their variants, atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASCLT), are rarer. Though ASCLTs are benign, they have high recurrence despite complete surgical excision. We present a rare case of a 22-year-old male presented with insidious-onset, and gradually progressive swelling over left inguinofemoral, and iliac fossa region. Also, the patients had a history of weight loss, pricking-type pain radiating to left lower limb, and breathlessness on exertion. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen revealed a large well-defined heterogeneously enhancing soft mass located in pelvis, and involving left-sided iliopsoas muscle suggestive of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma and CECT thorax showed metastasis. The CT-guided core biopsy led to the definitive diagnosis of low-grade ASCLT. Subsequently, the patient was initiated on concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by complete surgical excision. The findings in this report make it critical to enhance our understanding of this rare tumor, with surgery being the best treatment option.
An Intestinal Microbiome Intervention Affects Biochemical Disease Activity in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Jansen Valérie L. B. I. , van Mourik Dagmar J. M. , Davids Mark , van Bergen en Henegouwen Kika , Noordermeer Tessa , Levels Johannes H. M. , Limper Maarten , Coppens Michiel , Nieuwdorp Max , Urbanus Rolf T. , Middeldorp Saskia , van Mens Thijs E.
Published: August 2024

Background The origin of autoantibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is unknown. The gut microbiome contributes to autoimmunity and contains peptide homologues to the main APS autoantigen, which affect disease activity in animal models. Alteration of the gut microbiota with vancomycin diminishes disease activity in mice but no data on the effect of gut microbiota alteration in APS patients are available to date.

Objective To evaluate whether the gut microbiome affects disease activity in human APS.

Methods This was a pre–post design intervention study in APS patients with stable disease and no gastrointestinal comorbidity. Subjects received oral vancomycin, 500 mg four times daily for 7 days, previously shown to alter gut microbiota composition without systemic effects. Disease activity was assessed at four time points by measuring a panel of clinical phenotype-related biomarkers: antiphospholipid antibodies (APLAs), complement and inflammation markers, and hemostatic parameters. The primary outcome was the composite of the biomarker panel determined by multilevel principal component analysis.

Results A total of 15 subjects completed the study. The primary outcome, the first principal component of the biomarker panel data, was significantly different after 7 days of vancomycin treatment (p = 0.03), but not at day 42. APLA titers were unaffected. Unexpectedly, 4 out of 15 patients were negative for APLAs at baseline. In a post-hoc analysis, there was a prolonged effect for subjects with positive antibodies at baseline (p = 0.03). In subjects with negative APLAs at baseline, the intervention showed no effect.

Conclusion The intestinal microbiome affects the biochemical disease activity in APS patients. The mechanism is yet unknown but appears to be APS-specific.
Clinical Profile of Febrile Neutropenia in Children with Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mariam Ayesha , Hegde Niranjan Gurunath , Srinivasan Arathi , Thangadorai Ravikumar
Published: August 2024

Introduction Febrile neutropenia is a dreadful complication associated with malignancies. Knowledge of locally prevalent pathogens and their resistance pattern is of paramount importance in guiding antimicrobial therapy.

Objectives The aim of the study was to identify the common infectious agent, antibiotic susceptibility of culture positive patients, and outcome

Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center prospective observational study. Forty-three children with febrile neutropenia episodes admitted in KKCTH, Chennai, were included in the study. The duration of the study was 1 year. Relevant patient and disease specific details were obtained, results were analyzed, and conclusions were drawn.

Results There were 90 episodes of febrile neutropenia. Overall culture positivity was identified in 37 cases (41.11%). Bacteremia (23.3%) was the most common cause of microbiologically documented infection. Gram-positive organisms (60%) were more commonly documented. Among the gram-positive organisms, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate followed by Streptococcus. Central line–associated bloodstream infections were documented in 13.33%. Chemo-port removal was done in four children. Three had invasive fungal disease. The majority of the gram-negative isolates were resistant strains. Morbidity was significantly more in gram-negative infections. Overall outcome was good though three children succumbed to sepsis.

Conclusion A vigilant management of illness is essential. Chemo-port carries risk of severe infection. Protocol-based management of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) can limit the number of chemo-port removal. Though gram-positive organisms are in the rise, gram-negative organisms are still responsible for significant morbidity. Early initiation of broad-spectrum empirical antibiotics with optimal gram-positive coverage is crucial. Children with suspected fungal infections should be aggressively evaluated and treated. An organized approach is the key in successful management.
A Rare and Intriguing Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus Extending into the Right Ventricle: Documentation with 131I-NaI-SPECT/CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Asopa Ramesh , Basu Sandip
Published: August 2024

A unique case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with an extensive tumor thrombus extending into the right ventricle is presented. The patient was a known case of solid variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid, post three cycles of radioiodine therapy, had reported for a diagnostic 131I-NaI scintigraphy as a part of the workup for planning the next 131I therapy. Clinically, the patient was asymptomatic. 131I-NaI scintigraphy showed an arcuate pattern concentration of tracer in the upper mediastinum, which descended up to the lower mediastinum. A 131I-NaI single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) showed a tracer avid tumor with an extensive tumor thrombus extending from the left brachiocephalic vein to the right ventricle. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated similar findings. The patient was decided to be managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors as surgical intervention was not deemed possible due to the involvement of major vessels and the high risk of bleeding.
Normative Data of Ulnar Length in Pediatric Indian Population
Authors: Thatte M.R. , Agarwal Pawan , Bhat Anil , Baba P. Umar Farooq , Ghanghurde Bipin , Pai Mithun , Shah Harsh R. , Kulkarni Onkar , Dugad Anand , Saraf Mansi , B. Rajesh , Shah Raheeb Ahmad , Dhakar Jagmoah Singh , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study is to create clinical normative data for ulnar length in the pediatric population and to demonstrate the usefulness of such data.

Materials and Methods A nationally representative sample of healthy children aged 1 day to 18 years from five centers across India was collected. The percutaneous length of the ulna was measured by using a certified calibrated measuring tape across all centers. Other variables such as geographical domicile, dominance of the hand, age, body mass index (BMI), and sex of the child were also recorded.

Results In total, 1,300 children (883 males and 417 females) with age ranging from 1 day to 18 years were included in the study. Gradual lengthening of the ulna was seen in both male and female children with increasing age without a significant difference; however, at 8, 9, and 14 years, there was significant lengthening of the ulna in males compared with females although the difference was statistically insignificant at 17 years. Apropos BMI at 16 years of age, a longer ulna was observed in obese children. Later on, at 18 years, the difference in ulnar length was insignificant. South Indian children had a significantly longer ulna up to the age of 11 years, but after the age of 11 years there was no difference in ulnar length in all zones. The length of the ulna was not affected by hand dominance. There was good inter-observer agreement and reliability between different centres. Age, zone, and gender, had statistically significant effect on the length of ulna but BMI and hand dominance was not significant.

Conclusion This multicentric study provides normative data on the percutaneous length of the ulna in the Indian pediatric population. Gradual lengthening of the ulna was seen in all children with increasing age. The length of the ulna was significantly more in male, obese, and in South Indian children. However, except for age, other factors become insignificant at maturity.
A Bibliometric Review of Customer Engagement in the International Domain: Reviewing the Past and the Present
Authors: Marvi Reza , Foroudi Pantea , Jerez Maria Jerez
Published: August 2024

This study addresses/examines how the conceptual structure of customer engagement in the international context has changed since its emergence. These layers of analysis will assist researchers to uncover the historical basis, and identify the changes in the knowledge structure of customer engagement research in the international business domain. Our bibliometric analysis included 151 customer engagement articles. We employed cluster visualization (VOS) along with text mining to classify the most important and informative research in customer engagement in the international context.
Observation and characterization of titanium-like nano-filament in TiO2 memristor using superconducting electrode(s) and Andreev spectroscopy
Authors: Moško Martin , Koscelanská Mária , Mošková Antónia , Vidiš Marek , Volkov Serhii , Gregor Maroš , Poláčková Magdaléna , Roch Tomáš , Grančič Branislav , Satrapinskyy Leonid , Kúš Peter , Plecenik Andrej , Plecenik Tomáš
Published: August 2024

A thin TiO2 semiconductor film embedded between two metal electrodes works as a memristor after being formed by soft breakdown. The forming creates a nano-filament that penetrates through the poorly conducting TiO2 film and connects the electrodes conductively. While previous works characterized the nano-filament properties (shape, composition, and resistivity) by electron microscopy techniques, we present a characterization by electrical measurements. In a typical memristor, both electrodes are made of normal metals. We study the metal/TiO2/metal memristors with a bottom electrode made of a superconducting NbN layer and a top electrode made of a normal (Pt) or superconducting (Nb) metal. The nano-filament connecting the electrodes touches the bottom electrode as a point contact, thus allowing us to perform point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy of the NbN superconductor. The spectra, measured below the critical temperature (15 K) of NbN, are analyzed theoretically. The analysis reveals the presence of one nano-filament and determines the nano-filament resistance, Sharvin resistance of the point contact, and Maxwell resistance of the electrodes. Moreover, it shows that the nano-filament is a conical-shaped Ti-like metal point contact with a tip diameter of ∼3–5 nm, Fermi velocity of 2×106m/s, and low-temperature resistivity of ∼10−8–10−7Ωm. Thus, the nano-filament in our device is not the Ti4O7 phase observed in previous works. Remarkably, the point contact spectrum of the superconducting NbN layer shows the Andreev peak typical for ballistic transport. This is because the point contact probes the NbN layer through a thin Al layer that mimics superconductivity of NbN via the proximity effect and eliminates the effects of tunneling and disorder.
Naturally occurring horse model of miscarriage reveals temporal relationship between chromosomal aberration type and point of lethality
Authors: Lawson Jessica M. , Salem Shebl E. , Miller Donald , Kahler Anne , van den Boer Wilhelmina J. , Shilton Charlotte A. , Sever Tia , Mouncey Rebecca R. , Ward Jenna , Hampshire Daniel J. , Foote Alastair K. , Bryan Jill S. , Juras Rytis , Pynn Oliver D. , Davis Brian W. , Bellone Rebecca R. , Raudsepp Terje , de Mestre Amanda M.
Published: August 2024

Chromosomal abnormalities are a common cause of human miscarriage but rarely reported in any other species. As a result, there are currently inadequate animal models available to study this condition. Horses present one potential model since mares receive intense gynecological care. This allowed us to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal copy number aberrations in 256 products of conception (POC) in a naturally occurring model of pregnancy loss (PL). Triploidy (three haploid sets of chromosomes) was the most common aberration, found in 42% of POCs following PL over the embryonic period. Over the same period, trisomies and monosomies were identified in 11.6% of POCs and subchromosomal aberrations in 4.2%. Whole and subchromosomal aberrations involved 17 autosomes, with chromosomes 3, 4, and 20 having the highest number of aberrations. Triploid fetuses had clear gross developmental anomalies of the brain. Collectively, data demonstrate that alterations in chromosome number contribute to PL similarly in women and mares, with triploidy the dominant ploidy type over the key period of organogenesis. These findings, along with highly conserved synteny between human and horse chromosomes, similar gestation lengths, and the shared single greatest risk for PL being advancing maternal age, provide strong evidence for the first animal model to truly recapitulate many key features of human miscarriage arising due to chromosomal aberrations, with shared benefits for humans and equids.
Framing interactivity in complex communication of debate talk show
Authors: Vasilyeva Alena L.
Published: August 2024

The present study explores how disagreement space is managed in a multiparty argumentative activity of debate talk show that focuses on the political situation in Belarus. The communicative activity under study is viewed as a type of difficult conversation that takes place between two groups that differ in their ideologies (Ellis 2020). In particular, drawing on the polylogical framework of argumentation (Lewiński and Aakhus 2023) and communication design approach (Aakhus 2007), the study investigates the communicative practice of framing that the moderators and the debaters use to shape disagreement space. The analysis shows that the activity is polylogical not just in a sense of positions, participants, and places (Lewiński and Aakhus 2023), but also in how argumentative activity is framed, which has consequences for how the interactivity is constructed and how disagreement space is managed in the course of interaction. It also shows how the interweaving of negative and positive features of communication add to the complexity of difficult interaction.