bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Discotic Boroxines: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties
Authors: Wöhrle Tobias , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine
Published: May 2014

A new synthetic approach to highly substituted triphenylboroxines 11 is described. Their mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (SAXS, WAXS). The tris(3,4,5-trialkyloxy)phenyl functionalized derivatives 11b–e showed broad mesophases for a minimum alkyl chain length of C9. The phase widths ranged from 110 K to 77 K near room temperature, thus decreasing with enhanced alkyl chain lengths. Textures observed under POM indicated a columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophase symmetry that was confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiments.
In Silico Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Binding Energy Insights into the Bolinaquinone-Clathrin Terminal Domain Binding Site
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Mohammed , McCluskey Adam
Published: May 2014

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a process that regulates selective internalization of important cellular cargo using clathrin-coated vesicles. Perturbation of this process has been linked to many diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. Chemical proteomics identified the marine metabolite, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(((1S,4aS,8aS)-1,4a,5-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl)methyl)cyclohexa- 2,5-diene-1,4-dione (bolinaquinone) as a clathrin inhibitor. While being an attractive medicinal chemistry target, the lack of data about bolinaquinone’s mode of binding to the clathrin enzyme represents a major limitation for its structural optimization. We have used a molecular modeling approach to rationalize the observed activity of bolinaquinone and to predict its mode of binding with the clathrin terminal domain (CTD). The applied protocol started by global rigid-protein docking followed by flexible docking, molecular dynamics and linear interaction energy calculations. The results revealed the potential of bolinaquinone to interact with various pockets within the CTD, including the clathrin-box binding site. The results also highlight the importance of electrostatic contacts over van der Waals interactions for proper binding between bolinaquinone and its possible binding sites. This study provides a novel model that has the potential to allow rapid elaboration of bolinaquinone analogues as a new class of clathrin inhibitors.
Linalool Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects by Activating Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Chang Mei-Yin , Shen Yi-Ling
Published: May 2014

According to recent studies, the Plantaginaceae, which are traditional Chinese herbal remedies, have potential for use in viral infection treatment and cancer therapy. Linalool and p-coumaric acid are two of the biologically active compounds that can be isolated from the Plantaginaceae. This study mainly focused on investigating the bioactivity of linalool as well as the bioactivity of p-coumaric acid in terms of their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Whether the mechanisms of such effects are generated through apoptosis and immunoregulatory activity were also investigated. By using WST-1 analysis, it was shown that linalool and p-coumaric acid have good inhibitory effects against breast, colorectal and liver cancer cells. The IC50 values of linalool for those cancer cell types were 224 μM, 222 μM, and 290 μM, respectively, and the IC50 values of p-coumaric acid were 693 μM, 215 μM and 87 μM, respectively. Cell cycle analysis also confirmed that linalool and p-coumaric acid can lead to apoptosis. By using flow cytometry, it was determined that treatment with linalool rather than p-coumaric acid significantly increased the sub-G1 phase and that there were more cells concentrated in the G1 phase. Furthermore, by using cytokine array analysis, we found that linalool can stimulate IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-2, IL-21, IL-21R, IL-4, IL-6sR and TNF-α secretion. This demonstrated that in addition to the bidirectional regulation capabilities found in linalool, it also induces Th1 cellular immune response in T-47D cells. These results showed that linalool holds great potential for use in cancer therapy, and we believe that it could provide an alternative way to take action against tumors.
Two-Stage Prediction of the Effects of Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Mixtures on Luciferase
Authors: Ge Hui-Lin , Liu Shu-Shen , Su Bing-Xia , Zhu Xiang-Wei
Published: May 2014

The predicted toxicity of mixtures of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in the ratios of their EC50, EC10, and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) were compared to the observed toxicity of these mixtures on luciferase. The toxicities of EC50 ratio mixture can be effectively predicted by two-stage prediction (TSP) method, but were overestimated by the concentration addition (CA) model and underestimated by the independent action (IA) model. The toxicities of EC10 ratio mixtures can be basically predicted by TSP and CA, but were underestimated by IA. The toxicities of NOEC ratio mixtures can be predicted by TSP and CA in a certain concentration range, but were underestimated by IA. Our results support the use of TSP as a default approach for predicting the combined effect of different types of ILs at the molecular level. In addition, mixtures of ILs mixed at NOEC and EC10 could cause significant effects of 64.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the combined effects in mixture risk assessment.
A Compact Immunoassay Platform Based on a Multicapillary Glass Plate
Authors: Xue Shuhua , Zeng Hulie , Yang Jianmin , Nakajima Hizuru , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: May 2014

A highly sensitive, rapid immunoassay performed in the multi-channels of a micro-well array consisting of a multicapillary glass plate (MCP) and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slide is described. The micro-dimensions and large surface area of the MCP permitted the diffusion distance to be decreased and the reaction efficiency to be increased. To confirm the concept of the method, human immunoglobulin A (h-IgA) was measured using both the proposed immunoassay system and the traditional 96-well plate method. The proposed method resulted in a 1/5-fold decrease of immunoassay time, and a 1/56-fold cut in reagent consumption with a 0.05 ng/mL of limit of detection (LOD) for IgA. The method was also applied to saliva samples obtained from healthy volunteers. The results correlated well to those obtained by the 96-well plate method. The method has the potential for use in disease diagnostic or on-site immunoassays.
Invisibility and PT Symmetry: A Simple Geometrical Viewpoint
Authors: Sánchez-Soto Luis , Monzón Juan
Published: May 2014

We give a simplified account of the properties of the transfer matrix for a complex one-dimensional potential, paying special attention to the particular instance of unidirectional invisibility. In appropriate variables, invisible potentials appear as performing null rotations, which lead to the helicity-gauge symmetry of massless particles. In hyperbolic geometry, this can be interpreted, via Möbius transformations, as parallel displacements, a geometric action that has no Euclidean analogy.
PET bei Gliomen
Authors: Heiss W.-D.
Published: May 2014

Gliome, die 30% der intrakraniellen Tumoren darstellen, sind morphologische Veränderungen, sodass an erster Stelle der Diagnostik CT und MRT stehen, wobei MRT aufgrund der besseren Weichteilauflösung und zusätzlicher funktioneller Modalitäten (PWI, DWI, MRS) der Vorzug gegeben werden sollte. Mit diesen vor allem die Morphologie darstellenden bildgebenden Verfahren sind aber Aussagen über Malignitätsgrad, Infiltration und Effekte auf umgebendes Gewebe, Differenzierung zwischen Rezidiv und Nekrose, Prognose und Therapieeffekte nur eingeschränkt möglich.

Solche Aussagen können aus PET-Untersu- chungen des Glukosestoffwechsels mit FDG, der Aminosäurenaufnahme und der Proteinsynthese mit 11C-Methionin, 18F-Fluorethylty- rosin und 18F-Fluordeoxyphenylalanin und der Proliferationsrate mit 18F-Deoxythymidin getroffen werden. Durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit von 18Fluor-Tracern gewinnt der Einsatz der PET bei Gliomen an klinischer Bedeutung. In allen Anwendungen sollte eine Koregistrierung zu Ergebnissen aus morphologischen bildgebenden Verfahren erfolgen, wofür nun auch schon Hybridgeräte (PET- MR) zum Einsatz kommen.
Academic Progression Models in Nursing: Design Decisions Faced by Administrators in Four Case Studies
Authors: Pittman Patricia M. , Kurtzman Ellen T. , Johnson Jean E.
Published: May 2014

Although nursing education pathways have expanded access to the profession, fragmentation accompanying these entry points has created uncertainty among students about the desired end point, questionable efficiency and effectiveness of reaching career goals, and unclear merging mechanisms to enable seamless, linear progression. In response to these challenges and in anticipation of greater demands on nurses due to health reform, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined the capacity of the nursing workforce and proposed a transformative blueprint for change that relies on an education system to promote seamless academic progression. Despite support for this recommendation, little research exists regarding the best way to achieve the IOM’s vision. This study examined the most promising practices in design and implementation of alternative pathways for academic progression in nursing. Four case studies are presented that explore the challenges of designing alternative pathways and identify performance measures to assist with developing such programs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(6):329–335.]
Magnetic Convection Heat Transfer in an Open Ended Enclosure Filled with Paramagnetic Fluids
Authors: Saha Suvash C. , Sauret Emilie , Gu Yuan Tong
Published: May 2014

Numerical simulations of thermomagnetic convection of paramagnetic fluids placed in a micro-gravity condition (g ≈ 0) and under a uniform vertical gradient magnetic field in an open ended square enclosure with ramp heating temperature condition applied on a vertical wall is investigated in this study. In presence of the strong magnetic gradient field thermal convection of the paramagnetic fluid might take place even in a zero-gravity environment as a direct consequence of temperature differences occurring within the fluid. The thermal boundary layer develops adjacent to the hot wall as soon as the ramp temperature condition is applied on it. There are two scenario that can be observed based on the ramp heating time. The steady state of the thermal boundary layer can be reached before the ramp time is finished or vice versa. If the ramp time is larger than the quasi-steady time then the thermal boundary layer is in a quasi-steady mode with convection balancing conduction after the quasi-steady time. Further increase of the heat input simply accelerates the flow to maintain the proper thermal balance. Finally, the boundary layer becomes completely steady state when the ramp time is finished. Effects of magnetic Rayleigh number, Prandtl number and paramagnetic fluid parameter on the flow pattern and heat transfer are presented.
Development of an Effective FVLBM Code for the Study of Turbulent and Multiphase Flows
Authors: Baglin Andrew , Barber Tracie J. , Rosengarten Gary
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In this work, an e ective nite volume lattice Boltzmann method is implemented andvalidated for a range of di erent uid problems including wall bounded turbulent ows and multi-phase ows.
Development of a Kinematic Model of a Proto-Wing
Authors: Bayfield Michael , Kark Lauren , Barber Tracie J.
Published: May 2014

Since the discovery ofArchaeopteryx, various theories have been suggested to explain the evolutionary link between reptilian dinosaurs and avian species and therefore the evolution of flight. Often these theories focus on the potential use for early wings, which are not yet developed enough for flight. Understanding the purpose of these ‘proto-wings’ is considered key to revealing the driving force behind avian evolution. A computerised, musculoskeletal model of a proto-wing was developed and used to analyse a simplified motion that is theoretically typical of proto-wings. Through biomechanical analysis we can infer if this could be feasibly made, what forces are significant in making such a motion and how kinematically and kinetically sound the simulation is. As such, the proto-wing model is a significant analytical tool for understanding pre-flight kinematics.
Automotive Drag Reduction through Distributed Base Roughness Elements
Authors: Robertson Iain , Becot Adrien , Gaylard Adrian , Thornber Ben
Published: May 2014

This paper focuses on the effect of base roughness added to the rear of an automotive reference model, the Windsor model. This roughness addition was found to reduce both the drag and the lift of the model. RANS CFD simulations presented here replicate the experimentally observed drag reduction and enable a detailed examination of the mechanisms behind this effect. Investigations into the wake structure of the configurations with base roughness and the baseline case without base roughness showed the main changes to the wake to include a reduction in the overall size of the wake with base roughness present. Furthermore a reduction in the near wall velocities at the rear of the model caused stretching of the upper and lower vortices, a more turbulent near wake and pressure recovery over much of the rear face. This leads to reduce levels of pressure drag on the model.
Impaction Loads Resulting in Intraoperative Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Ioannidis Caleb Christos , Dabirrahmani Danè , Li Qing , Zhang Zhong Pu , Chen Jun Ning , Appleyard Richard
Published: May 2014

Intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (IPPFF) occur in approximately 3-5% of all cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries. This study aimed to identify the critical impaction load to cause an IPPFF during implant implementation. This critical load may be used as a guideline for surgeons as well as a parameter for the design of future surgical tools and procedures. This study concerned a single femur of a healthy 60 year old female with an anatomical femoral stem implant, thus the effects of patient specific variables (such as osteoporosis, amount of bone resorption, bone damage, implant geometry, age and gender) were not considered. The eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was used to analyse the fracture. From CT scan data, a user-defined subroutine is used to assign heterogeneous isotropic material properties to the femur. It was computed that IPPFF would take place at an impaction load of 18.5 kN.
Jet Formation in Micro Post Arrays
Authors: Pawell Ryan S. , Taylor Robert A. , Inglis David W. , Barber Tracie J.
Published: May 2014

Micropost arrays serve as a plaform for the next generation of diagnostic devices. These arrays are found in microfluidic devices for peripheral blood-based diagnostics and metastatic cancer management. The function and performance of these devices is determined by the underlying micro-scale fluid mechanics. Typically, these devices operate in the creeping regime (Re
<< 1) where the viscous forces of the fluids dominate. Recent advances in manufacturing allow for
higher Reynolds number flows (Re >> 1) where the inertial forces dominate. In this work, we use computational simulations to show there is a transitional region (1 < Re < 20) in between the laminar and creeping regimes for two different micropost array geometries. Numerical analysis is employed to investigate jet formation both within the array and at the array exit. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the streamwise normalized velocity profile is used to quantify jet formation within the array; the streamwise velocity profile at the end of the array exit is used to determine jet length at the exit of the array. Above the transitional region (Re > 20) significant jets form downstream of the posts, amplitude scales exponentially and jet length scales with Re according to power law.
Evaluation of Mixed Formulation for Modelling RC Columns with Bond Slip
Authors: Lee Chin Long , Filippou Filip C.
Published: May 2014

Modelling composite members is a challenge for the computer simulation of structural response under extreme loads, because of the energy dissipation due to relative slip between constituent components. Among several finite element formulations proposed in the last years, the recent mixed formulation proposed by the authors could accommodate the slip discontinuity across the element nodes. In this paper this approach is evaluated with the study of the monotonic and cyclic response of a cantilever reinforced concrete column. The first load case showcases the unique capability of the mixed formulation to estimate the fixed-end rotation at the base of the cantilever column. The second load case demonstrates the accuracy of the mixed formulation in the representation of experimental measurements. The examples reveal that the mixed formulation has great potential in simulating composite structures under extreme loadings demonstrating excellent accuracy for the representation of the global as well as the local response.
Material Point Method Modelling of Granular Flow in Inclined Channels
Authors: Sołowski Wojciech Tomasz , Sloan Scott William
Published: May 2014

The material point method is a novel numerical technique which is especially well-suited to solving problems involving large or extreme deformations. This paper shows the results of the modelling of flow of granular material in inclined channels. During the calculations the granular material is approximated by a Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. The computed flow is subsequently compared to experimental results published in the literature.
An Overview and Recent Developments of Distinct Lattice Spring Model on Dynamic Fracturing of Rock
Authors: Zhao Gao Feng , Khalili Nasser
Published: May 2014

This paper presents some recent developments of the Distinct Lattice Spring Model (DLSM) on dynamic fracturing of rock. The DLSM is a micromechanics based discrete numerical model for rock dynamics problems. It provides an alternative tool for rock mechanics study. Compared with the classical Discrete Element Model (DEM), the DLSM can directly use macroscopic parameters without any requirement for calibration process. Another significant advantage is that the DLSM uses only half of the degree of freedoms, and therefore, is more computational efficient. Because of these advantages, it has been used in a number of fields, e.g., dynamic fracturing, wave propagation, and nuclear waste disposition. In this work, the basic principles of the DLSM and its latest developments will be outlined.
Micro-Mechanics of Contact Erosion
Authors: Galindo-Torres Sergio Andres , Scheuermann Alexander , Williams David , Mühlhaus Hans
Published: May 2014

In the present paper a simulation framework is presented coupling the mechanics of fluids and solids to study the contact erosion phenomenon. The fluid is represented by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the soil particles are modeled using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The coupling law considers accurately the momentum transfer between both phases. A soil composed of particles of two distinct sizes is simulated by the DEM and then hydraulically loaded with an LBM fluid. It is observed how the hydraulic gradient compromises the stability of the soil by pushing the smaller particles into the voids between the largest ones. The hydraulic gradient is more pronounced in the areas occupied by the smallest particles due to a reduced constriction size, which at the same time increases the buoyancy acting on them. At the mixing zone, where both particles sizes coexist, the fluid transfers its momentum to the small particles, increasing the erosion rate in the process. The results offer new insights into the erosion and suffusion processes, which could be used to better predict and design structures on hydraulically loaded soils.
Underwater Impulsive Loading-Induced Dynamic Failures of Monolithic Composite Panel
Authors: Tran Phuong , Ngo Tuan D. , Mendis Priyan
Published: May 2014

Designing light-weight high-performance materials which can sustain high impulsive loadings is of great interest to marine applications. In this study, a finite element fluid-structure interaction model is developed to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms of both monolithic and sandwich composite panels. Fiber (E-glass fiber) and matrix (vinylester resin) damage and degradation in individual unidirectional composite laminas are modeled with Hashin’s model. The delamination between laminas is modeled by developing a strain rate sensitive cohesive law. The deformation of the core (H250 PVC foam) in sandwich panels is modelled as a crushable foam plasticity model with volumetric hardening and strain rate sensitivity as well. The deformation history, fiber/matrix damage patterns in laminas, and inter-lamina delamination in both monolithic and sandwich composite panels are identified and compared with the experimental observations. The model suggests that the foam plays an important role in improving the performance of the sandwich panels by suppressing the transmitted impulsive acting on the back-sheets.
Digital Material Representation and Testing of Metal Foams
Authors: Yang Chun Hui , An Yang , Tort Marine , Hodgson Peter
Published: May 2014

In recent years, metal foams are becoming more and more popular due to their high energy absorption ability and low density, which are being widely used in automotive engineering and aerospace engineering. As a design guide, foams can be characterised by several main geometric parameters, such as pore size, pore shape, spatial distribution and arrangement and so on. Considering most foam materials have random distributions of cell size and cell shape, the digital material representation and modelling of such materials become more complex. Cell size and shape effects on mechanical behaviours of metal foams have been found and investigated numerically and experimentally in authors' previous studies in which the authors have developed a digital framework for the representation, modelling and evaluation of multi-phase materials including metal foams. In this study, 2-/3-D finite element models are both developed to represent metal foams with random cell distributions and then a series of digital testing are simulated to investigate the mechanical behaviours of such foams. For validation and verification purpose, the results obtained from 2-/3-D models have been compared and good agreement has been found which demonstrated the effectiveness of the digital framework developed for metal forms.
Statistical Independence and Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Unnisa Yaseen , Tran Danh , Huang Fu Chun
Published: May 2014

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recent method of blind source separation, it has been employed in medical image processing and structural damge detection. It can extract source signals and the unmixing matrix of the system using mixture signals only. This novel method relies on the assumption that source signals are statistically independent. This paper looks at various measures of statistical independence (SI) employed in ICA, the measures proposed by Bakirov and his associates, and the effects of levels of SI of source signals on the output of ICA. Firstly, two statistical independent signals in the form of uniform random signals and a mixing matrix were used to simulate mixture signals to be anlysed byfastICApackage, secondly noise was added onto the signals to investigate effects of levels of SI on the output of ICA in the form of soure signals, the mixing and unmixing matrix. It was found that for p-value given by Bakirov’s SI statistical testing of the null hypothesis H0is a good indication of the SI between two variables and that for p-value larger than 0.05, fastICA performs satisfactorily.
Finite Element Analysis of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams with Bond-Slip Effect
Authors: Lin Xiao Shan , Zhang Yi Xia
Published: May 2014

In this paper, several FRP-reinforced concrete beams are modelled using a recently developed one-dimensional two-node layered composite beam element which accounts for the bond-slip between reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete. Effect of different surfaces of FRP reinforcing bars on the structural response of FRP-reinforced concrete beams with bond-slip effect is also investigated. It is found that the type of rebar surface has a significant influence on bond strength and structural behaviour, and that the grain-covered surface provides the best bond between the FRP rebars and concrete, the smooth surface the worst, and FRP rebars with ribbed and braided surfaces perform similarly.
Keywords: Bond-slip; Composite beam element; FRP-reinforced concrete beam; Nonlinear finite element analysis
A Novel FRF-Based Damage Localisation Method Using Random Vibration
Authors: Alamdari Mehrisadat Makki , Li Jian Chun , Samali Bijan
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a novel damage localization method based on the measured Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) without demanding any previous data records of the structure in its healthy state. The main innovation of this study starts with reconstruction of FRFs curvature to develop spatial shape functions. It is demonstrated that reconstructed data significantly magnifies the influence of low-frequency spectra in damage detection procedure which is considered the milestone of this approach as excitation of the higher frequencies is not easy to obtain in most practical applications. The modified curvature data in all measured frequencies and locations is interpreted as a two dimensional image and then processed by employing 2-D discrete wavelet transform to detect any abrupt variation at damage site. Level one wavelet decomposition is utilised to provide the finest detail coefficients. It is illustrated that this approach presents a more recognizable pattern at damage site in all measured frequencies. The pattern can be described by a horizontal line parallel to the frequency spectra in 2-D image. Hence, the horizontal detail coefficients are utilised to detect this pattern as they are more sensitive to perturbation with orientation parallel to horizontal axis in the image. The main contribution of this approach lies in the fact that the proposed technique is able to detect the structural damage in all measured frequencies and the effectiveness of the method is independent of the excitation location. Moreover, the results provide a better visualisation at damage site which other FRF-based damage detection methods could not obtain. Applying broadband FRF data in this approach and the fact that there is no need for data from the healthy state of the structure are other advantages accompanying this method. The robustness of the proposed damage identification method was examined with various damage conditions in both single and multiple states. Moreover, the feasibility of the method was verified in presence of practical uncertainties such as noise using extensive numerical simulations. It was demonstrated that the proposed method is particularly attractive for practical applications as it opens an opportunity for online monitoring of the structural integrity without demanding any previous data records of the structure.
An Explicit Lagrange Constraint Method for Finite Element Analysis of Frictionless 3D Contact/Impact Problems
Authors: Chen Hu , Zhang Yi Xia , Zang Meng Yan , Hazell Paul Jonathan
Published: May 2014

An effective contact algorithm is essential for modeling complicated contact/impact problems. Unlike the penalty method, the Lagrange multiplier method can generate more precise results while not adversely affecting stability; however, its formulation in explicit contact treatment is singular. In order to overcome this deficiency, a new Lagrange constraint method with different constraints under initial impact and persistent contact is proposed. In this method, the coupled contact system equilibrium equations with non-diagonal coefficient matrix are uncoupled via Gauss-seidel iteration strategy. Particularly, this implicit contact treatment can be compatible with explicit time integration scheme. To reduce oscillations, the displacement constraint is imposed under initial impact, while the combined constraints of velocity, acceleration and displacement are enforced under persistent contact. Numerical example validates this method.
Finite-Element Modelling of Ballistic Impact of Plain-Woven Aramid Fabric
Authors: Flores-Johnson E.A. , Carrillo J.G. , Gamboa R.A. , Shen Lu Ming
Published: May 2014

In this work, a 3D finite-element model of the ballistic impact of a multi-layered plain-woven aramid fabric style 720 (Kevlar®129 fibre, 1420 denier, 20×20 yarns per inch) impacted by a 6.7-mm spherical projectile was built at the mesoscale in Abaqus/Explicit by modelling individual crimped yarns. Material properties and yarn geometry for the model were obtained from reported experimental observations. An orthotropic elastic model with a failure criterion based on the tensile strength of the yarns was used. Numerical predictions were compared with available experimental data. It was found that the finite-element model can reproduce the physical experimental observations, such as the straining of primary yarns and pyramidal-shaped deformation after perforation. The permanent deformation of fabric targets predicted by the numerical simulations was compared with available experimental results. It was found that the model fairly predicted the permanent deformation with a difference of about 21% when compared with experiments.
Finite Element Simulation of the Hot Deformation Behavior of AA7075 Using a Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Crystal Plasticity Constitutive Model
Authors: Li Lei Ting , Lin Y.C. , Li Ling , Shen Lu Ming
Published: May 2014

Three-dimensional crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations are performed to study the coupled thermo-mechanical response of aluminium alloy 7075 under hot compression loadings. To improve the computational efficiency, a grain-scale representative volume element model with periodic boundary conditions is adopted to represent the macroscopic response. The initial grains are created using Voronoi tessellation method, and the grain orientations are obtained from the electron back-scatter diffraction test. The simulated results indicate that the effects of the grain properties on the local deformation and temperature distribution of the alloy are significant during the hot deformation. The temperature continuity can be found across some grain boundaries while there is a temperature gap at other grain boundaries. The proposed coupled thermo-mechanical CPFE model is able to provide detailed microstructure evolution and temperature distribution in the studied alloy during the hot deformation, which cannot be easily obtained by experiments.
Discussion on Weft Insertion Processing Parameters of Air-Jet Loom
Authors: Lu Jin Ming
Published: May 2014

Configuration methods of weft insertion processing on air jet loom were discussed. Take GA708-280 Air Jet Loom as an example, configuration methods of weft insertion processing was analyzed, including open and close time of main nozzle and additional nozzle solenoid valve, air jet pressure of main nozzle and additional nozzle, release time of accumulator retaining pin. It is considered that jet weft time parameter of air jet loom should be set according to fabric weave and variety. Air jet pressure should be set according to method of high pressure for example 4.0×105Pa to low pressure gradually.
Simulation about Machining Deep Hole in Sheet
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , Guo Fei , Qiu Feng , Xin Xiang Kai
Published: May 2014

It is becoming a development direction to study green forming process in mechanical. The processing technology of machining deep hole in relative thin sheet is a kind of green mechanical processing technology in this paper. The process uses the friction between driller and workpiece and plasticity of workpiece to form hole. The new technological process not only saves material, but also saves man-hours, and the workpiece has a good piece of assembly. In this paper, the forming process of deep hole on thin sheet was simulated, and some effect factors of forming hole were studied, such as the stress, temperature and shape of forming area, etc. The forming simulation is proved to be feasible by the test in this paper. The study results are useful to improve the machining parameters, and laid a foundation for further research on forming deep holes process on thin sheet metal by friction heat.
Multi-Objective Optimization Design of the Helical Cylindrical Gear Transmission Based on ISIGHT
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Liang Liang , Wu Zhen Yang
Published: May 2014

Aiming to reduce the volume of helical gear and the heat generated by the friction of meshing place, the multi-objective optimization design model of helical cylindrical gear transmission is established. The calculator is integrated in ISIGHT integration platform, then to solve the mathematical model. The optimization result shows that the volume of helical gear and the friction power loss of meshing place are reduced, the purpose is achieved which will reduce the production costs and prolong its working life.
Research on the New Type Hydraulic Grilled Slag Machine Frame Processing
Authors: Song Hai Lang , Zhou Zhe Bo , Li Yu , Chen Lei , Zhang Shen He
Published: May 2014

Research on the function and structural characteristics of new type hydraulic grilled slag machine, based on new type hydraulic grilled slag machine frame as the main research object, research and analysis on the structural characteristics and processing technology, the solutions of selection of materials, blank manufacturing, mechanical processing routes and the process difficulties are given. So as to ensure the requirements of processing quality and accuracy of frame.
Four Freedom Pneumatic Manipulator Design
Authors: Wang Gao Hua , Wei Chao Kun , Sun Zhen Zhen
Published: May 2014

Loading and unloading material is inevitable in actual production,but the process is fussy and human injury is often happened.In this paper, a kind of four freedom pneumatic manipulator which designed can provide a convenient, comfortable, safety operation for workman. The paper will proceed the overall design , introduce the composition and basic principle ,expound the design thought .These will provide a reliable theoretical for manipulator production.
Dynamic Simulation of Blanket Module Maintenance inside Fusion Vacuum Vessel
Authors: Zhu Yan He , Guo Lan Ming , Zhao Jie
Published: May 2014

The most critical issue of the blanket module remote maintenance operation is to remove or replace the heavy module with high positioning accuracy of 1mm. Located in vacuum vessel (VV) of the nuclear fusion device, the blanket module is weight up to 500kg, thus the grasp and installation of blanket module come to be the essential problem during the maintenance operation. To meet the requirement, we propose a new hierarchical control strategy of rough and fine positioning technology based on combined sensors. The detail procedures and implementation of the control scheme has been carried out successfully on Virtual Robot Experiment Platform to demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy.
The Design and Application of the Mechanical Parts Based on the TRIZ Theory
Authors: Liu Shang Yi
Published: May 2014

Triz is the abbreviation of “Theofia Resheneyva Isobretatelskehuh Zadach” in Russian and is invented to solve problems. It is short for “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). Its study started from 1946 when Russian inventor Genrich S. Altshuller and his team members analyzed the approximately 250 invention patents. After the long-term analysis, induction and refinement, they formed TRIZ theory based on comprehensive principles and rules. Its main function is to do research on the scientific principles and rules existing in the process of invention and solving technology problems. Finally, they conclude one methodology and tools system to create systematic innovation and guidance for the mindset of designers. In recent years, the theory of TRIZ can has been widely used in mechanical parts.
The Structural Analysis of the RM80 Ballast Cleaner
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Mei Hong , Jiang Lei
Published: May 2014

The general situation and the future development of ballast cleaner are summarized. The principleand structureof RM80 ballast cleaner is introduced. The three-dimensional model of the frame has been established. By finite element analysis software the structural changes of the frame has been analyzed. The weak links of the frame are identified and the improvement methods are put forward.
Uniform Design on the Forward Annular Shaped Charge of Torpedo Tandem Warhead
Authors: FU Lei , Wang Wei Li , Jiang Ying Zi , Huang Xue Feng , Lv Jin
Published: May 2014

By using LS-DYNA 3D software, the structure of forward annular shaped charge of torpedo tandem warhead is optimized in the simulation with uniform design method. During the simulation of annular shaped charge penetration into the plate underwater, the liner opening angle,liner thickness,charge height and charge angle are taken as factors, while the penetration depth is taken as index. The optimized structure parameters resulted form simulation can be used in the design of torpedo.
Simulation and Analysis of Variable Valve System Based on Diesel Engine
Authors: Yin Long , Zeng Dong Jian , Peng Yi Zeng
Published: May 2014

The necessity and superiority of using variable valve system on diesel is described detailed. The design of electro-hydraulic variable valve drive system is introduced based on DK4A diesel engine, then the mathematical simulation model of the electro-hydraulic variable valve drive system is undertook by Simulink in order to study the movement of the intake valve. The results show the design of variable valve system can achieve the variable valve timing continuous vary in different engine speed and respond quickly. Further, the simulation model of the diesel engine is built by GT-POWER, and then the accuracy of the model is verified according to the experiment data. Lastly the intake performance of the variable valve system in different out flowing phase is analyzed through the GT-POWER model. The results show that when the engine speed at 2000RPM, 2800RPM, 3600RPM, out flowing phase behind 60oCA, 45oCA, 35oCA after intake TDC respectively ,the amount of intake air decreases with the increase of the out flowing phase, the amount of intake air has been effectively controlled by variable valve system.
Simulation and Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Rolling Motion of Rotational Molding Ship
Authors: Yao Qi Guo , Liu Yu Liang
Published: May 2014

Parametric resonance can lead to roll motions and endanger the ship, cargo and crew. The QR-factorization method for calculating lyapunov characteristic exponents (LCEs) was introduced. And then, parametric resonance stability of ships in longitudinal waves was analyzed by taking the fishing-entertainment rotational molding boat as an example. Simulation results show that, this method can be used to analyze ship stability and to accurately identify safe and unsafe operating conditions for a ship in longitudinal waves.
Directional Stability Study of Torpedo Anchors
Authors: Li De Yu , Ke Peng Fe , Ou Li Jian , Xing Xiu Qing , Liu She Wen
Published: May 2014

After a torpedo anchor is released into water during its installation, the directional stability of this anchor is an important factor for its penetration performance. In this paper, a CFD method is used to simulate the falling behavior of the anchor, and detailed parametric studies are conducted to analyze the effects of various parameters to the directional stability. The results show that some parameters like weight, gravity center, and aspect ratio of fin have significant influence on the directional stability.
Study on an Acc/Dec Method Based on Moving Average Technology for CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Hu Tian Xiang , Zhang Li Bing , Wu Ting , Huang Feng Li
Published: May 2014

To overcome some shortcomings of the linear Acc/Dec approach and the traditional S-curve Acc/Dec method, a novel velocity planning approach is proposed for CNC machine tools in this paper. The velocity planning model based on moving average technology is structured. The presented approach is used to make velocity planning for the CNC system. Comparing with the linear Acc/Dec algorithm, the presented method greatly improves motional smoothness of the linear Acc/Dec approach and reduces the complexity of the traditional S-curve Acc/Dec algorithm, which is more suitable for high-speed and high-precision CNC machine tools. The proposed approach is tested by simulation and experimentation. Simulation and experimental results have shown that the proposed method can significantly improve the motional smoothness and consumes less resource and shortens processing time for the CNC system.
Study of Optimized Determination Method of HEV Engine Based on the High Frequency Working Area of Engine
Authors: Wang Guang Ping , Wang Qing Nian , Wang Peng Yu , Li Feng
Published: May 2014

A statistics method of the high frequency working area of engine (HFWA) was proposed based on the power required of engine. The power required of engine in different typical driving cycles were statistical analyzed. The weighting function of engine efficiency interval was defined according to the power required, then the degree of engine working efficiency Dm in typical driving cycles was calculated on the assumption of weighting function and efficiency. The more suitable engine of HEV was found by taking Dm as index. Through the simulation analysis and testing, the most economic engine was chosen from the optional engines.
The Design of a New Type of Spindle Vibration Test Device
Authors: Dong Fang , Yang Jian Cheng , Gao Tian Zhu , Xie Yu , Guo Lei , Zhang Hai Yang , Hu Shi Ming , Zhou Guo Qing
Published: May 2014

In this paper, a set of spindle vibration test equipment has been designed by using modern design method, on the basis of in-depth study of spindle vibration source .The device includes three parts: machinery, detection and control .In the mechanical part, using sensor fixed machine mobile systems, the design of the spindle drive part and test board was carried on respectively .In the detection part ,the virtual instrument Labview graphical programming language was adopted to form a spindle vibration test and analysis system, realizing the acquisition, processing and analysis of the vibration signal .In the control part, Yan Hua movement control cards are adopted to realize control of motor speed, through Labview programming.
Digital Generator Solution Based on TMS320F28027
Authors: Li Jian Yi , Zhang Hong Liang
Published: May 2014

Small gasoline-powered generator is more widely used in an emergency, camping, disaster relief and other occasions. This paper describes a digital generator based on TMS320F28027 solutions. The program uses 2000 series Piccolo A as the master chip to control the work of the entire generator. It has the stable output waveform and better dynamic response at different loads, and it can provide reliable over voltage, over current protection.
Preparation and Properties of Compatibilized Poly(Butylenesadipate-Co-Terephalate)/Thermoplastic Starch Blends
Authors: Xiao Miao Miao , Pan Yuan Feng , Xiao Hui Ning
Published: May 2014

Poly (butylenesadipate-co-terephalate) (PBAT) was modified by melt grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in a Haake mixer; and the various properties of blends of PBAT/thermoplastic starch (TPS) using GMA-grafted PBAT (PBAT-g-GMA) as compatibilizer were investigated. The blends comprising TPS content ranged from 20wt% to 50wt%. Thermal properties and thermal stability were characterized with DSC and TGA, respectively. The morphologic results indicated that the interfacial adhesion of PBAT/TPS blends was improved by PBAT-g-GMA. In comparison with the uncompatibilized blends, the tensile properties of compatibilized blends were significantly enhanced, particularly at a high content of TPS (i.e., 40wt% and 50wt%).
Research and Application on Successive Action Zone and Dead Zone of Transverse Differential Protection in Parallel Lines
Authors: Gao Nan Nan , Pei Ying , Zhan Jie , Li Hong Bo , Niu Lin
Published: May 2014

This paper deeply researches on successive action zone and dead zone of transverse differential protection in parallel lines, and improves the existing analysis software for relay protection action. First determine which zone the fault point belongs to, and then analyze the protection action according to the different zone concretely. This improvement will greatly increase the accuracy to analyze the relay protection action, and will be significant to the safe and stable operation of regional networks.
Design of Data Acquisition and Storage Circuit Based on Linear Array CCD
Authors: Zhu Jian Hong , Yang Shao Peng , Gao Mei Feng
Published: May 2014

In order to ensure the linear array CCD normally and stably working in the spectral measurement, the data acquisition and storage circuit is presented. On the basis of analyzing the ILX511 driving timing, the circuit of data acquisition, processing, and storage based on CCD was designed. The CPLD was used to establish the correct sequence for the CCD clock pulse, AD converter clock, and FIFO writing signal, so the data acquisition, converter, and storage synchronously are achieved. The experiments show that the designed circuit is feasible.
Surface Vertical Alignment Effect on the Morphology of Liquid Crystal Optical Devices
Authors: Li Wen Cui , Wang Shi Wen , Sheng Lei , Zhang Ning Ning
Published: May 2014

The effect of liquid crystal (LC) vertical alignment on phase separation dynamics of liquid crystal optical devices with different cell gaps is investigated in this paper. As the cell gap increases, the surface effect on the bulk LC droplets is reduced due to the longer distance. It is found in this experiment that the vertical alignment film can influence the LC droplets in the middle of the gap, and in the meanwhile the surface effect is not too strong to disturb phase separate. In that case, the LC droplets separate at a fixed position during phase separation and also can flow to form good morphology. The surface vertical alignment has a significant effect on the morphology of liquid crystal optical devices.
Design of Program Controlled Function Signal Generator Based on LPC2138
Authors: Cheng Wan Qian , Guo Yue Jun , Wang Biao
Published: May 2014

A design of program controlled function signal generator is introduced. LPC2138 is used as a controller to make the adjustment of frequency, waveform and amplitude programmable. We control the frequency by switching the capacitance and setting the input current of MAX038. We used DS1267 to control the amplitude of output signal with high-speed FET-Input operational amplifier OPA132. Our system is equipped with a keyboard and a LCD screen. We used EEPROM memory chip FM25CL16 to save and load waveform parameters. The circuit works well and the output waveform is stable and reliable.
Research of a Mixed-Signal Programmable SoC Based on FPAA
Authors: Deng Jun , Tan Hua Yong , Liu Lun Cai , Liu Lin Tao
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a novel architecture for mixed-signal SoC, which integrates a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) into a SoC based on 32-bit RISC CPU. The FPAA unit can be configured as Filter, Comparator, Gain Amplifier, and so on. The proposed mixed-signal SoC can transform the intermediate frequency (IF) analog signal to baseband digital signal and realize the real-time baseband signal processing, besides this, which can transmit the modulated IF signals which are converted from baseband signals by digital up-conversion (DUC). The proposed mixed-signal SoC is a transceiver on chip actually, due to the internal integrated IPs, such as ADC, DAC, DDC and DUC, which can provide smaller board area, lower power consumption and the system cost for the product development of transceiver. This design will have a good potential for wireless communication applications.