bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Diagnostic Reasoning Using a Standardized Case-Based Discussion
Authors: Sutherland Ruth M , Reid Katharine J , Chiavaroli Neville G , Smallwood David , McColl Geoffrey J
Published: May 2019

Background:

Development of diagnostic reasoning (DR) is fundamental to medical students’ training, but assessing DR is challenging. Several written assessments focus on DR but lack the ability to dynamically assess DR. Oral assessment formats have strengths but have largely lost favour due to concerns about low reliability and lack of standardization. Medical schools and specialist medical colleges value many forms of oral assessment (eg, long case, Objective Structured Clinical Examination [OSCE], viva voce) but are increasingly searching for ways in which to standardize these formats. We sought to develop and trial a Standardized Case-Based Discussion (SCBD), a highly standardized and interactive oral assessment of DR.

Methods:

Two initial cohorts of medical students (n = 319 and n = 342) participated in the SCBD as part of their assessments. All students watch a video trigger (based on an authentic clinical case) and discuss their DR with an examiner for 15 minutes. Examiners probe students’ DR and assess how students respond to new standardized clinical information. An online examiner training module clearly articulates expected student performance standards. We used student achievement and student and examiner perceptions to gauge the performance of this new assessment form over 2 implementation years.

Results:

The SCBD was feasible to implement for a large student cohort and was acceptable to students and examiners. Most students and all examiners agreed that the SCBD discussion provided useful information on students’ DR. The assessment had acceptable internal consistency, and the associations with other assessment formats were small and positive, suggesting that the SCBD measures a related, yet novel construct.

Conclusions:

Rigorous, standardized oral assessments have a place in a programme of assessment in initial medical training because they provide opportunities to explore DR that are limited in other formats. We plan to incorporate an SCBD into our clinical assessments for the first year of clinical training, where teaching and assessing basic DR is emphasized. We will also explore further examiners’ understanding of and approach to assessing DR.
A review of high performance polymer nanocomposites for packaging applications in electronics and food industries
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: May 2019

This article addresses advances in polymeric nanocomposites for packaging applications. Synthetic and biodegradable polymers have been reinforced with carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene and derived nanofiller, nanoclay, and inorganic nanoparticles to form high performance packaging materials. Polymeric nanocomposites possess markedly improved packaging properties including oxygen permeability, moisture permeability, barrier properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability, biological features, anti-microbial characteristics, non-flammability, and mechanical robustness. Performance of nanocomposite films and packaging is dependent on how well the nanofiller is dispersed in matrices. Modified nanofillers have been used to impart the desired functional properties to the packaging materials. Technical packaging applications in electronics and food and beverage industries are discussed. Using appropriate polymer, functional nanofiller, and fabrication techniques may represent inspiring routes for creating innovative packaging materials with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and barrier performances.
Improved Compliance With Anesthesia Quality Measures After Implementation of Automated Monthly Feedback
Authors: McCormick Patrick J. , Yeoh Cindy , Vicario-Feliciano Raquel M. , Ervin Kaitlin , Tan Kay See , Yang Gloria , Mehta Meghana , Tollinche Luis
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:

Minimization of postoperative complications is important in patients with cancer. We wished to improve compliance with anesthesiology quality measures through staff education reinforced with automated monthly feedback.

METHODS:

The anesthesiology department implemented a program to capture and report quality metrics. After staff education, monthly e-mail reports were sent to each anesthesiology physician and nurse anesthetist to detail individual compliance rates for a set of quality measures. For each measure, the proportion of patient cases that passed the measure before and after implementation of the program was compared using a two-sample proportion test.

RESULTS:

After exclusions, we analyzed 15 of 23 quality measures. Of the 15 measures, 11 were process measures, and four were outcome measures. Of the 11 process measures, seven demonstrated statistically significant improvements ( P < .01). The most improved measure was TEMP-02 (core temperature measurement), which increased from 69.6% to 85.7% (16.1% difference; P < .001). Also improved were PUL-02 (low tidal volume, less than 8 mL/kg ideal body weight; 15.4% difference; P < .001) and NMB-01 (train of four taken; 12.2% difference; P < .001). The outcome measure TEMP-03 (perioperative temperature management) had a statistically significant increase of a small magnitude (0.2% difference; P < .001). No other outcome measures showed statistically significant improvement.

CONCLUSION:

After implementation of a comprehensive quality improvement program, our group observed significant improvements in anesthesia quality measure compliance for several process measures. Future work is needed to determine if this initial success can be preserved and associated with improved outcomes.
Identification of Betamethasone-Regulated Target Genes and Cell Pathways in Fetal Rat Lung Mesenchymal Fibroblasts
Authors: Seow Bennet K L , McDougall Annie R A , Short Kelly L , Wallace Megan J , Hooper Stuart B , Cole Timothy J
Published: May 2019

Preterm birth is characterized by severe lung immaturity that is frequently treated antenatally or postnatally with the synthetic steroid betamethasone. The underlying cellular targets and pathways stimulated by betamethasone in the fetal lung are poorly defined. In this study, betamethasone was compared with corticosterone in steroid-treated primary cultures of fetal rat lung fibroblasts stimulated for 6 hours and analyzed by whole-cell transcriptome sequencing and glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis. Strikingly, betamethasone stimulated a much stronger transcriptional response compared with corticosterone for both induced and repressed genes. A total of 483 genes were significantly stimulated by betamethasone or corticosterone, with 476 stimulated by both steroids, indicating a strong overlap in regulation. Changes in mRNA levels were confirmed by quantitative PCR for eight induced and repressed target genes. Pathway analysis identified cell proliferation and cytoskeletal/cell matrix remodeling pathways as key processes regulated by both steroids. One target, transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2), was localized to fetal lung mesenchymal cells. Tgm2 mRNA and protein levels were strongly increased in fibroblasts by both steroids. Whole-genome GR ChIP-Seq analysis with betamethasone identified GC response element–binding sites close to the previously characterized GR target genes Per1, Dusp1, Fkbp5, and Sgk1 and near the genes identified by transcriptome sequencing encoding Crispld2, Tgm2, Hif3α, and Kdr, defining direct genomic induction of expression in fetal lung fibroblasts via the GR. These results demonstrate that betamethasone stimulates specific genes and cellular pathways controlling cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling in lung mesenchymal fibroblasts, providing a basis for betamethasone’s treatment efficacy in preterm birth.
Tissue-dependent variations of hydrogen sulfide homeostasis in anoxic freshwater turtles
Authors: Jensen Birgitte , Pardue Sibile , Kevil Christopher G. , Fago Angela
Published: May 2019

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) controls numerous physiological responses. To understand its proposed role in metabolic suppression, we measured free H2S and bound sulfane sulfur (BSS) in tissues of the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta, a species undergoing strong metabolic suppression when cold and anoxic. In warm normoxic turtles, free H2S was higher in red blood cells (RBCs) and kidney (∼9-10 µmol l−1) compared to brain, liver and lung (∼1-2 µmol l−1). These values overall aligned with the tissue H2S-generating enzymatic activity. BSS levels were similar in all tissues (∼0.5 µmol l−1) but ∼100-fold higher in RBCs, having a high thiol content, suggesting that RBCs function as a circulating H2S reservoir. Cold-acclimation caused significant changes in free and bound H2S in liver, brain and RBCs, but anoxia had no further effect, except for the brain. These results show tissue-dependent sulfide signaling with a potential role in brain metabolic suppression during anoxia in turtles.
Family and Labour in Corfu Manufacturing, 1920–1944
Authors: Kopanas Dimitrios
Published: May 2019

This article concentrates on the relation between labour and family in thesecondary sector of production of Corfu. It argues that family was crucial in forming the main characteristics of the labour force. The familial division of labour according to gender and age is examined not only as a decisive determinant in the categorisation of work positions as skilled and unskilled but also as a factor that defined the temporality or permanence of labour. It also focuses on the role of local and family networks and their effect on the labour market. These questions, thoroughly discussed by labour historians, will be applied to the case of Corfu, in an effort to complete the Greek paradigm.
Theodoros Karoussos’ Interpretation of Hellenism: A Case of National Philosophy
Authors: Argyropoulos Roxanne
Published: May 2019

A native of Kefalonia, Theodoros Karoussos (1808–1876) is known as a classical scholar and a teacher, a political personality and a distinguished philosopher. Μostly an autodidact, he was part of the Argostoli intellectual circle of Ioannis Menayas, a follower of the Hegelian system. The perspective of Hegelian theories influenced Karoussos’ opinions on the questions of Hellenism and its legacy. The particularity of his intellectual shift towards Hegelianism became apparent when he sought to use contemporary philosophical ideas in order to justify the term “Helleno-Christian”, as developed by Spyridon Zambelios, and to revisit Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos’ crucial theories.
Nationalism and Minorities in the Ottoman Balkans: Greek Discourses on the Eastern Crisis (1875–1878)
Authors: Iliadis Christos
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on how the Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 and the Slavic revolts were interpreted in Greece, given its national aspirations and its relationship with the Orthodox people of the Balkans. The analysis draws on the Athenian press and parliamentary minutes of the time, and rather than focusing on the diplomatic developments follows instead the social discourses on and dominant interpretations of the Slavs and Bulgarians after the Balkan uprisings as well as the dilemmas faced by Greece. It explores a moment in the discursive shift, which introduced an ethno-racial language within the Greek kingdom that began to replace the portrayal of Hellenism as an ecumenical ideology with one of a more exclusive and nationalistic character. It thus shows how the events sharpened the division between Hellenism and Slavism.
Charity from Afar: The Ioannina Foundations of the Greek Communities of Vienna (1769–1914)
Authors: Saracino Stefano
Published: May 2019

This article analyses eight charitable foundations established by persons from Ioannina between the 1780s and 1800s for the benefit of their home town that were administered by the two Greek Orthodox communities of Vienna. All of the endowments were based on large capital sums deposited in Viennese financial institutions, such as the Wiener Stadtbank, whose revenues were used for manifold charitable ends. The article reconstructs the wills and motivations of the founders, as well as the administrative/operative structures of their endowments, which were in existence up to 1914, when they fell victim to the hyperinflation of the following years. Whereas endowment historians usually focus on the founders’ wills and establishment of endowments, research on their everyday operation over the long term is seldom. Furthermore, the present study proposes an approach to charitable foundations that focuses on their cultural, confessional, socialand economic importance for migrant groups.
Review of: Howell A. Lloyd, Jean Bodin, “This pre-eminent Man of France”. An Intellectual Biography
Authors: Sfoini Alexandra
Published: May 2019

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Review of: Thomas W. Gallant, Νεότερη Ελλάδα: Από τον Πόλεμο της Ανεξαρτησίας μέχρι τις μέρες μας [Modern Greece: From the War of Independence to the Present], Athens: Pedio, 2017
Authors: Gardikas Katerina
Published: May 2019

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Review of: Joep Leerssen (ed.), Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018
Authors: Matthaiou Sophia
Published: May 2019

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Case Article—Baseball Analytics: Advancing to Prescriptive Analytics in the Major League Baseball Front Office
Authors: Barnes Sean L. , Bjarnadóttir Margrét V.
Published: May 2019

This case uses player evaluation and personnel decision making in Major League Baseball (MLB) to introduce many of the key steps of data analytics projects. The data analytics process is a unique combination of art and science, and teaching the art of data analytics is challenging to do in a standard classroom setting with small data sets. The goal of this case is to move beyond the simple “cookie cutter” data sets and introduce students to the challenges of dealing with real data to answer important questions, as well as introduce or reinforce multiple data-mining/machine-learning methods. The case builds on a very rich data set collected by the authors, which allows for students or groups of students to arrive at different answers to the same question.

An extensive teaching note with sample questions and the associated R code and output are at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2018.0201ca .
Generativity Tension and Value Creation in Platform Ecosystems
Authors: Cennamo Carmelo , Santaló Juan
Published: May 2019

Platform-based technology ecosystems are new forms of organizing independent actors’ innovations around a stable product system. This collective organization is proving superior to traditional, vertically integrated systems in many sectors because of greater “generativity”—the ecosystem’s capacity to foster complementary innovation from autonomous, heterogeneous firms—which extends the usage scope and value of the platform to users. However, greater generativity can also lead to greater variance in the way ecosystem members’ contributions satisfy users’ needs, and it could potentially hinder the ecosystems’ value creation. We draw on collective action theory to examine generativity’s impact on user satisfaction and the mechanisms driving it. We argue that products enhancing user satisfaction contribute to a collective, shared asset, the platform system reputation, from which all participants benefit. Thus, generativity has both a positive (system reputation) and negative (free-riding) effect on the ecosystem members’ incentives for developing products that enhance user satisfaction. We argue that the negative free-riding effect prevails as the platform system matures and competition with alternative platform systems increases. Using data from the video game industry, we find supportive evidence for the free-riding effect, which generates an average loss in total revenue for first-rate games of about $36.5 million and a drop of about 3.3% in the console’s market share. By identifying the conditions that exacerbate free riding in platform ecosystems, our study contributes to the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of platform ecosystems. It also highlights one feedback mechanism governing collective action in ecosystems and its implications for value creation.
Managing ‘last tooth in the arch syndrome’ and restoring retruded contact position
Authors: Ali Kameran , Addison Thomas
Published: May 2019

Occlusally challenging scenarios can arise during the restoration of teeth involved in the patient's Retruded Contact Position (RCP). During preparation of a tooth that provides the RCP, practitioners may encounter problems whereby they lose occlusal clearance to place an occlusal coverage restoration over the tooth in question. This may come as a shock to the practitioner, often resulting in further excessive and unplanned tooth preparation, or reduction of the opposing tooth to create occlusal clearance. This paper aims to provide a guide on how to recognize and avoid the potential pitfalls of restoring retruded contact position, through the use of proper planning and by employing appropriate management techniques.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding of the relevant occlusal considerations will allow the practitioner to restore teeth involved with RCP predictably and conservatively.
Clinical audit: the importance of early detection and referral of impacted maxillary canines
Authors: Aiyegbusi Oluwatoyin , Nandra Sukbir
Published: May 2019

A retrospective clinical audit was conducted to analyse referrals for impacted maxillary canines received by the Orthodontic Department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn. The primary aim of the audit was to determine if patients with impacted maxillary canines were referred at the appropriate age of 12 or under, as required by the Royal College of Surgeons of England guidelines and, secondly, to determine if appropriate radiographs were taken in patients aged 10 and over, as recommended by British Orthodontic Society Radiography guidelines. The results indicate that there is a significant shortfall in meeting the 100% standards set for both clinical guidelines.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of timely referral of suspected impacted maxillary canines and explores the potential consequences to both patient and practitioner of failing to refer patients by the appropriate age.
Effects of Interventions Addressing School Environments or Educational Assets on Adolescent Sexual Health: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Peterson Amy J. , Donze Melissa , Allen Elizabeth , Bonell Chris
Published: May 2019

CONTEXT

School‐based interventions that aim to modify sexual health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors have mixed and often unsustained effects on adolescent sexual health outcomes. However, observational evidence suggests that broader school‐related factors, such as school climate and academic attainment, can influence outcomes.

METHODS

Nine databases were searched in July 2017 for randomized and quasi‐experimental evaluations of interventions addressing school‐level environment or student‐level educational assets, to examine whether such interventions can promote young people's sexual health. Searches were limited to studies published since 1990 but were not restricted by language. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and synthesized narratively and meta‐analytically.

RESULTS

Searches yielded 11 evaluations, published from 1999 to 2016, of interventions related to school‐level environment or student‐level educational assets. Because of inconsistent reporting, the risk of bias was not clear for most studies, and meta‐analysis was possible for only one outcome. The meta‐analysis of three randomized trials provided some evidence that school‐environment interventions may delay sexual debut (pooled odds ratio, 0.5). Narrative synthesis of the remaining outcomes found mixed results, but suggests that interventions addressing school‐level environment may delay sexual debut and that those addressing student‐level educational assets may reduce risk of pregnancy and STDs.

CONCLUSIONS

Additional and more rigorous evidence is needed to assess the probability that interventions addressing school‐related factors are effective and to provide better understanding of the mechanisms by which they may work to improve adolescent sexual health.
Clinical and Histologic Overlap and Distinction Among Various Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes
Authors: Gilad Ophir , Rosner Guy , Fliss-Isakov Naomi , Aharon-Kaspi Sivan , Strul Hana , Gluck Nathan , Kariv Revital
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes (HPS) are rare autosomal-dominant inherited disorders associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other cancers. HPS include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), and phosphatase and tensin homolog hamartomatous tumor syndromes (PHTS). Diagnosis, management, and outcome prediction of HPS pose a clinical challenge. To characterize genotype, phenotype, histology and outcomes of individuals with HPS.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study (2004–2017) of consecutive patients that were clinically diagnosed with HPS that visited a specialized GI oncology clinic. Demographic, clinicopathological, and genetic data were obtained from medical records.

RESULTS:

Fifty-two individuals from 34 families were included. Common clinical manifestations were GI bleeding (40% JPS, 23% PJS, and 25% PHTS) and bowel obstruction (46.15% PJS and 11.4% JPS). Twenty patients (38.4%) underwent surgery, 5 of whom required multiple procedures. Higher polyp burden was associated with the need for surgery (P = 0.007). Polyp histology varied widely with 69.2% of patients exhibiting histology different from the syndrome hallmark. GI cancer history was positive in 65%, 40%, and 50% of JPS, PJS, and PHTS families, respectively. Five (9.6%) patients developed cancers (one patient each had small bowel-1, colon-1, and thyroid-1, one patient had both small bowel adenocarcinoma and breast cancer, and one had both breast cancer and liposarcoma). Twenty (38.4%) patients tested positive for STK11, PTEN, SMAD4, BMPR1A, or AKT1 mutations: Sanger sequencing and multi-gene next generation sequencing panels detected mutations in 40.9% and 100% of tested cases, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

HPS patients present versatile phenotypes with overlapping clinical and histological characteristics. Polyp burden is associated with the need for surgery. Next-generation sequencing increases mutation detection.
AVALIAÇÃO MEDIADORA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Ferreira Silva Charlene , Carvalho de Menezes Douglas
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de refletir sobre a avaliação na Educação Infantil e como a postura mediadora e investigativa do professor faz toda a diferença no desenvolvimento do aluno. Nas instituições escolares predomina uma avaliação que não traduz a evolução das crianças na Educação Infantil. Muitos professores ainda utilizam de relatórios/diagnósticos da vida escolar do aluno permeados de comparações e de julgamentos como quesitos para avaliar o desenvolvimento das crianças. A criança não é tomada como ponto de partida nos seus planejamentos, não há redefinição de postura diante dos erros e acertos, não há uma intervenção pedagógica que desafie a criança a evoluir, crescer. Dessa maneira, esse trabalho pretende descrever e analisar a prática da avaliação mediadora, que, parte do princípio de que cada momento da vida da criança representa uma etapa altamente significativa e que precedente às suas próximas conquistas, descobertas, curiosidades, sendo respeitadas em sua singularidade.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA: AS DIFICULDADES DOS PROFESSORES EM DESENVOLVER UMA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DE INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Carvalho Vilela Maria das Graças , Coutinho de Souza Silva Thais
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo trata das dificuldades que o professor regente encontra em desenvolver uma prática pedagógica diária voltada para a inclusão escolar. Assim sendo, teve-se como principal objetivo analisar o processo de inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, de ordem, física, intelectual e psicológica. De modo específico este estudo buscou ainda, descrever o processo histórico de inclusão escolar e a falta de formação adequada por parte do professor para receber o aluno com deficiência em sala de aula. Sem dúvida, a inclusão escolar é um dos maiores desafios que o professor se depara no desempenho de sua função, pois envolve não só o aluno com alguma necessidade educacional, física, intelectual ou psicológica especiais, como também envolve a escola, a família, a sociedade. Por essa razão, pesquisar sobre o processo de inclusão escolar é algo imprescindível e bastante justificável, tendo em vista que não basta inserir o aluno na sala de aula regular, é necessário se preocupar principalmente com o seu desenvolvimento e ter um acompanhamento cotidiano de sua aprendizagem, uma elaboração pedagógica satisfatória, no intuito de valorizar suas potencialidades e propiciar sua interação os demais alunos. Para desenvolver essas reflexões foram utilizados os procedimentos técnicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que permitiram uma apreciação analítica dos textos, esboços, leis, decretos e portarias. A partir das análises é possível concluir que as dificuldades pedagógicas surgem como resultado da ausência de uma reflexão rigorosa por parte do professor sobre suas práticas e sobre a sua necessidade de formação.
Papel do Julgador e a Garantia da Justiça nas Relações Trabalhistas
Authors: Castro Larissa Mascaro Gomes da Silva de
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa o papel do julgador para a materialização da igualdade e do trabalho digno pelo sistema jurídico, dentro da ordem econômica capitalista e globalizada. Para tanto, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e método dedutivo, verifica a garantia do direito ao trabalho digno pela interpretação do contrato de trabalho na ótica protecionista, pautada nas possibilidades de aplicação do princípio da igualdade. A interpretação do julgador deve considerar um sistema pautado em princípio de ação dentro de uma coerência valorativa, com pluralidade de métodos interpretativos e tendo o direito como uma prática social para a materialização da justiça.
CONNELL, Raewyn; PEARSE, Rebecca. Gênero: uma perspectiva global. São Paulo: nVersos, 2015.
Authors: Gomes Fabio de Medina da Silva
Published: May 2019

Resenha de livro
Mulheres na Diplomacia Brasileira
Authors: Balestero Gabriela Soares
Published: May 2019

A participação de mulheres na política externa e nos espaços de decisão transnacionais precisa ser discutida, visto que, em um mundo no qual as injustiças e lutas por igualdade não se restringem apenas ao âmbito doméstico, a participação paritária e representativa das mulheres nos espaços internacionais é uma exigência para o avanço da promoção da igualdade de gênero e da quebra da estrutura patriarcal dominante que reproduz as relações de dominação. Assim, a presente pesquisa tentará contextualizar essas novas ideias em um cenário que, acredita-se, esteja se tornando mais favorável à aceitação e ascensão femininas nos meios ligados às relações internacionais, especialmente na América Latina, tendo como reflexo o aumento do acesso de mulheres às carreiras e áreas predominantemente masculinas. A proposta é analisar teoricamente uma política que traduza as ideias de democracia e inclusão voltadas para o acesso e preservação da ascensão feminina no campo político internacional, trazendo alguns questionamentos e complexidades da própria luta pelo poder em paridade à figura masculina.
Expansão do Direito Penal e a Exigência de Tutela de Novos Bens Jurídicos na Sociedade de Risco
Authors: Prudencio Simone Silva
Published: May 2019

Os novos bens jurídicos são realidade na sociedade pós-moderna. Por tal razão, o estudo de mecanismos hábeis a instrumentalizar a tutela penal, como ultima ratio, merece atenção. Nesse contexto é que se apresentam os institutos penais denominados de crimes de perigo, norma penal em branco e tipos abertos. A busca por efetividade da tutela penal alcança, também, o processo penal que, no campo da prova, deve se desvencilhar do modelo de prova cabal para adotar a prova por indícios que, mediante juízos de probabilidade embasados em estudos científicos prévios, formarão a convicção do juiz.
A TRADUÇÃO COMO EXERCÍCIO DE TEATRO
Authors: Molinari Renata M. , Paula Eduardo De , De Castro Maurício Paroni
Published: May 2019

Título: A tradução como exercício de teatro

Resumo: A partir dos processos de criações desenvolvidos junto a Thierry Salmon, da orientação de pesquisa sobre o seu teatro e dos materiais escolhidos para as versões brasileiras, este texto reflete sobre a tradução como uma outra possiblidade do fazer teatral.

Palavras-chave: Teatro, Thierry Salmon, Tradução, Homenagem, Encenação.

 

Titolo: La traduzione come esercizio di teatro

Riassunto: Considerando i processi di creazione svolti assieme a Thierry Salmon, l’orientamento della ricerca sul suo teatro e dei materiali scelti per le versioni brasiliane, questo testo riflette sulla traduzione come un`altra possibilità di essere all’interno del fare teatrale.

Parole chiave: Teatro, Thierry Salmon, Traduzione, Omaggio, Regia.

 

Title: The translation as an exercise of the theater

 Abstract: Considering the creation processes carried out together with Thierry Salmon, the orientation of the research on his theater and the materials chosen for the brazilian versions, this text reflects on the translation as another possibility to be inside the theater.

Keywords: Theatre, Thierry Salmon, Translation, Tribute, Staging.
PENTESILÉIA E O PROJETO AMAZONAS
Authors: Molinari Renata M. , De Paula Eduardo , De Castro Maurício Paroni
Published: May 2019

Título: Pentesiléia e o Projeto Amazonas: duplo olhar para uma dramaturgia – [com] Um fragmento de diálogo à distância com Thierry Salmon

Resumo: Escrito a partir dos registros observados em seu caderno de anotações, este texto funciona como um memorial lacunar das ações criativas empreendidas durante os processos de criações dramatúrgico e espetacular de “O assalto ao céu”. O texto é acompanhado por um fragmento de diálogo com Thierry Salmon, que deixa alguns rastros sobre as questões norteadoras de seus interesses artísticos.

Palavras-chave: Thierry Salmon, Renata Molinari, Dramaturgia, Encenação, Teatro.

 

Titolo: Pentesilea e il Progetto Amazzone: doppio sguardo per una drammaturgia – con un frammento di dialogo a distanza con Thierry Salmon 

Riassunto: Scritto a partire dalle annotazioni sul proprio taccuino di lavoro, questo testo si presenta come una traccia frammentata delle azioni creative messe in moto durante il percorso di creazione drammaturgica e spettacolare de L’assalto al cielo. Il testo è seguito di un frammento di conversazione con Thierry Salmon, che coglie alcuni spunti sulle questioni di fondo legate alle sue scelte artistiche.

Parole chiave: Thierry Salmon, Renata Molinari, Dramaturgia, Regia, Teatro.

 

Title: Penthesilea and the Amazon Project: dual perspective on a dramaturgy[with] a fragment of a distance dialogue with Thierry Salmon 

Abstract: Written from the records observed in his notebook, this text works as ‘lacunar memorial’ of the creative actions undertaken during the dramaturgical and staging processes of “The assault on the sky”. The text is accompanied by a fragment of dialogue with Thierry Salmon, which leaves some clues on questions concerning his artistic interests.

Keywords: Thierry Salmon, Renata Molinari, Dramaturgy, Staging, Theatre.
Results of studying the clinical efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Korotaeva T. V. , Loginova E. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The paper reviews of the data available in the literature on the clinical efficacy and safety of tofacitinib (TOFA) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). It considers the mechanism of action of TOFA, which is mainly in the selective inhibition of signal transmission due to its effect on the activity of JAK3 and/or JAK1, the enzymes that ensure the function of turning on and turning off the signals transmitted by cytokines. TOFA is noted to directly or indirectly act on a wide range of a number of molecules that play an important role in the pathogenesis of PsA.

The paper analyzes the current data on the clinical efficacy of TOFA in treating PsA, which have been obtained in the 12-month OPAL Broaden study including patients with PsA and an inadequate response to synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and in the 6-month OPAL Beyond study enrolling those with PsA and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors. It is noted that the results of these studies confirmed the efficacy of the drug in treating PsA not only according to the data of objective (medical) monitoring, but also to the subjective characteristics of pain, to the global assessment of disease activity, fatigue, as well as the mental and physical components of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.

It is concluded that the current findings allow JAK inhibitors to be recommended as a new pathogenetically sound approach to treating PsA and suggest that TOFA has benefits in managing patients unresponsive to therapy with TNF-α inhibitors.
Medium- and long-term results of high tibial osteotomy in patients with primary and secondary knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity
Authors: Byalik V. E. , Makarov S. A. , Alekseeva L. I. , Byalik E. I.
Published: May 2019

The most common operation for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, the latter is associated with the development of severe complications. This was the reason for the revival of the interest of orthopedic traumatologists in high tibial osteotomy (HTO), the essence of which is to transfer the load away from the affected medial part of the knee joint (KJ) to the intact lateral one.

Objective: to evaluate the medium- and long-term results of open-wedge (OW) HTO in primary and secondary I–III stage knee OA.

Patients and methods. The Laboratory of Orthopedic Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, performed 10 OW HTOs in 9 patients in 2005 to 2009 and 21 more OW HTOs in 19 patients in 2014 to 2018 (a total of 31 operations). The male/female ratio was 2.5:1. The mean age of the patients was 57.6±12.5 years; the body mass index (BMI) was 28.5±3.6 kg/m2 ; the correction angle was 11.7±2.5°. Preoperative planning was performed using the Miniaci method; the X-ray stage of knee OA was evaluated according to the Kellgren–Lawrence classification. OW HTO was carried out. For assessment of its results, the investigators determined the degree of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the KJ status by the Knee Society Score (KSS) scale. The results were assessed at one (n=31), 3.5±0.6 (n=28), and 8.5±1.3 (n=10) years.

Results and discussion. There was a tendency to worsen surgical results over time. The mean VAS values for pain at 1, 3.5, and 8.5 years were as follows: 9.8±10.3; 21.2±16.2 and 38±15.5 mm, respectively. In the same periods, the KSS functional scores were 83.6±14.8, 85.2±12.6, and 80.5±14.2; the objective scores were 80.7±8.5, 75.2±12.7, and 67.8±16.3. There was a strong correlation between the severity of pain and the functional and objective KSS scores (-0.78, -0.81 years, and -0.91 at 1, 3.5, and 8.5 years, respectively; p<0.05). At 3.5±0.6 years, the survival rate after OW HTO was 96.6%. None of the patients examined at 8.5±1.3 years after OW HTO needed TKA. The surgical result was studied in 2 patients at 14 years; one patient underwent TKA, the other refused surgical intervention, the result was satisfactory.

Conclusion. OW HTO has limited indications for use. However, in patients who are allowed to undergo this operation, pain syndrome can be relieved, by maintaining and/or improving KJ function; in most cases, TKA can be delayed for more than 10 years.
Efficiency of intra-articular hyaluronic acid therapy in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Strebkova E. A. , Alekseeva L. I.
Published: May 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system, which is characterized by persistent pain, joint dysfunction, and early disability. The incidence of OA has now increased, and, according to the data obtained by the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, amounts to about 13%, which is 5 times higher than official statistics. The major goals of OA treatment are aimed at reducing pain, improving the functional state of the joint, preventing the development of joint deformity, improving the quality of life of patients, and minimizing the side effects of pharmacotherapy. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections have been long used as a synovial fluid prosthesis; however, recently published studies have provided new data on the mechanisms of action of these drugs and the role of this method in the treatment of patients with OA. Numerous meta-analyses have shown that HA therapy does not substantially differ from placebo in tolerance, thereby ensuring significantly reduced pain and improved joint function. This review deals with some issues of intra-articular HA administration in patients with OA, with the mechanisms of action of HA preparations, with the problems of choosing a drug according to its source, molecular weight, administration methods, and the efficiency of the therapy compared to other drugs.
Serum Lipid and Lipoproteins in Gallstone Patients
Authors: Kurtul Naciye , Pençe Sadrettin , Koçoğlu Hasan , Aksoy Hülya , Çapan Yavuz
Published: May 2019

Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined in a group of thirty two gallstone patients and compared to the values obtained in thirty two healthy control subjects. The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) in gallstone patients were found to be lower than that of the control group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein-A and apoprotein-B concentrations were observed to be higher in gallstone patients than the controls. The differences in triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein( a), apoprotein-A, apoprotein-B, and total cholesterol concentrations between groups. It is concluded that gallstone formation may be related to a disturbance in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
The Relationship Among Non-English Majors’ Autonomous Learning Ability, Learning Burnout and English Grades: A Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: Wang Youkun
Published: May 2019

This study aims to explore the relationship among autonomous learning ability, learning burnout and English grades by structural equation modeling. The survey of 481 non-English majors showed that autonomous learning ability, learning burnout and English grades correlated significantly with each other, and the structural equation model of the three variables was stable. This suggests that the stronger the autonomous learning ability, the lower the level of learning burnout, the higher the English grades. This empirical study shows that the autonomous learning ability of non-English majors can influence the level of learning burnout, which in turn influences English grades. Learning burnout can mediate the effects of autonomous learning ability on English grades.
Issues in determining parenthood in “surrogacy”
Authors: Konečná Hana , Svatoš Roman
Published: May 2019

Surrogacy is a type of medically assisted reproduction (MAR), which is considered to be a relatively simple medical procedure. However, psychosocially, ethically and legally, it is extremely complicated. There has been a significant increase in interest in the procedure lately. This is largely due to the fact that it is now available to groups of applicants other than traditional heterosexual couples of reproductive age. Its purpose is to examine various approaches to determining what is legally acceptable as parenthood after surrogacy. Our conclusion is that the wishes and rights of the individual actors (intended parent(s), surrogate mother, future child, gamete donors and society as a whole) are incompatible and contradictory. None of the probable solutions suggested from different perspectives can ensure that the wishes and rights of all are fulfilled at the same time.
Evolution and (aristotelian) virtue ethics
Authors: Mizzoni John
Published: May 2019

It is well known that virtue ethics has become very popular among moral theorists. Even Aristotelian virtue ethics continues to have defenders. Bernard Williams (1983; 1995, p. xy), though, has claimed that this “neo-Aristotelian enterprise” might “require us tofeign amnesia about natural selection.” This paper looks at some recent work on virtueethics as seen from an evolutionary perspective (Michael Ruse, 1991; William Casebeer, 2003; Donald J. Munro, 2005; John Lemos, 2008; Jonathan Haidt & Craig Joseph, 2008) and explores whether Williams’ evolutionary challenge can be met. Against Williams’ challenge, I argue that “the first and hardest lesson of Darwinism,” as Williams calls it, has indeed found “its way fully into ethical thought” (Williams, 1983, p. xy). And virtue ethics—in several varieties, not only Aristotelian—fits it rather well with anevolutionary perspective on human origins.
The university as a philosophical problem
Authors: Višňovský Emil
Published: May 2019

The paper provides a philosophical insight into the contemporary critical trends in the university life, and an outline of possible solutions based on the historical overview of an idea of university. The particular section is devoted to the depiction of situation in Slovakia. The author suggests that the creative reconstruction of academic practices is the key to the future of university.
The Future of Healthcare Facilities: How Technology and Medical Advances May Shape Hospitals of the Future
Authors: Vatandsoost Mohsen , Litkouhi Sanaz
Published: May 2019

In this review article, we aim to depict how healthcare facilities may look in the near future from an architectural design point of view. For this purpose, we review newly introduced technology and medical advances in the field of healthcare, such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotic surgery, 3D printing, and information technology (IT), and suggest how those advances may affect the architectural design of future healthcare facilities. In future hospitals, less space will be required; there will be no need for waiting areas. Most care will be given far from the hospital. Every human might have a computer chip attached to his body, with all his medical data ready and monitored by AI. In the future, all processes may be done by robots and AI, from reception to detection (radiology, scans, etc.). Nearly all surgery will be done by robots, so the architectural design of operation departments will need to be changed accordingly. AI is faster and better in disease detection than man; thus, there will be no need for laboratories or detection departments as we know them now. 3D printers are able to print almost everything from medical equipment to parts of the human body; thus, space will be needed for scanning and 3D printing in future hospitals. 3D printers might change the pharmaceutical industries, and drugs will be produced for any human individually.
The Impact of Biofeedback on Diabetic Patients’ Glycemia
Authors: Aaraji Fariba , Nosratabadi Masoud , Hoseinpourfard Mohammadjavad
Published: May 2019

Background: Complementary medicine claims that biofeedback affects the reduction of blood glycemia. Objective: The current study aimed to determine the effects of biofeedback on decreasing blood glucose levels and tension and increasing the quality of life in diabetic patients. Methods: The current retrospective evidence-based study used pretest-posttest accidental sampling to select a group of 30 diabetic patients admitted to Glenview Clinic in the Aghdasiyeh region, Tehran, Iran, as the sample. Participants were divided into two 15-membered groups, the experiment and the control groups, matched by age and gender. Data gathering tools included the Quality of Life questionnaire in diabetic patients by Thomas et al, the Perceived Tension Index by Cohen et al, a glucometer, and the fasting blood glucose test. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that biofeedback training was effective in decreasing blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Biofeedback can reduce tension and improve the quality of life of diabetic patients; thus, it could be used as a complementary service in healthcare centers.
Cognitive Errors and Psychological Resilience in Patients With Social Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salek Ebrahimi Leila , Mousavi Seyedeh Elnaz , Gharraee Banafsheh , Mohammadi Bytamar Jahangir , Saberi Isfeedvajani Mohsen
Published: May 2019

Background: Cognitive errors have been presented as effective factors in the creation and continuation of obsessive– compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Psychological resilience is an important factor in the tolerance of cognitive errors. Objective: The present study aimed to compare cognitive errors and the psychological resilience of patients with social anxiety disorder and those with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated a total of 60 patients, 30 with social anxiety disorder and 30 with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), seen at a hospital in Zanjan city, Iran, in 2017. Participants were aged between 15 and 50 years. Participants were chosen using convenience sampling and on the basis of psychiatrist diagnosis and structured diagnostic interviews (SCID-I, II) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CET) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess the variables. Results: A significant difference was observed between the two patient groups in the cognitive errors components (P≤0.05). In patients with OCD, the highest average rate of cognitive errors was related to catastrophizing and splitting error. In patients with SAD, the highest mean rate of cognitive errors was related to catastrophizing. There was no significant difference in psychological resilience between the two groups. Conclusion: Cognitive errors play an important role in OCD and social anxiety disorder (SAD). OCD patients were observed to make more cognitive errors than SAD patients. However, psychological resilience was equal between both groups.