bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and cardiotoxic events in breast cancer: A pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Tian , Li Shaoqiang , Kou Chen , Zhao Ming , Huang Jing , Cao Weihang , Jin Pengfei
Published: November 2024

Recent trials have highlighted the cardiotoxicity of ribociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, particularly its association with QT prolongation. However, studies on the link between CDK4/6 inhibitors and cardiotoxic events show inconsistent results, and the factors influencing these events and related drug interactions remain underexplored. To address these uncertainties, our study utilizes the FDA adverse event reporting system database (Q1 2015 to Q1 2024) to examine the cardiotoxic events of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer patients. We employed a comprehensive analytical framework, applying disproportionality methods including Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, proportional reporting ratio, and reporting odds ratio. Our findings highlight significant variability in cardiotoxic events among different CDK4/6 inhibitors, with ribociclib (IC: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.18–0.34) exhibiting pronounced cardiotoxicity. Notably, ribociclib was associated with serious cardiotoxic events such as torsade de pointes/QT prolongation (IC: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.90–2.29) and conduction defects (IC: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.87–2.23). For the first time, palbociclib has been identified with positive signals for cardiotoxic events at the preferred terms level, including pulmonary oedema, increased blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and cardiac flutter. Moreover, multivariable logistic regression and Bayesian network analyses reveal that age, geographic location, and the number of concomitant medications significantly influence cardiotoxic events. Our study also highlights significant drug interactions that increase the probability of specific cardiotoxic outcomes, notably with drugs like sertraline, lansoprazole, capecitabine, and torasemide. These findings highlight the need for personalized treatment plans to mitigate cardiotoxic events and improve patient safety.
Postprandial Sleep in Short‐Sleeping Mexican Cavefish
Authors: Gallman Kathryn , Rastogi Aakriti , North Owen , O'Gorman Morgan , Hutton Pierce , Lloyd Evan , Warren Wesley C. , Kowalko Johanna E. , Duboue Erik R. , Rohner Nicolas , Keene Alex C.
Published: November 2024

Interactions between sleep and feeding behaviors are critical for adaptive fitness. Diverse species suppress sleep when food is scarce to increase the time spent foraging. Postprandial sleep, an increase in sleep time following a feeding event, has been documented in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. While interactions between sleep and feeding appear to be highly conserved, the evolution of postprandial sleep in response to changes in food availability remains poorly understood. Multiple populations of the Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, have independently evolved sleep loss and increased food consumption compared to surface‐dwelling fish of the same species, providing the opportunity to investigate the evolution of interactions between sleep and feeding. Here, we investigate the effects of feeding on sleep in larval and adult surface fish, and in two parallelly evolved cave populations of A. mexicanus. Larval surface and cave populations of A. mexicanus increase sleep immediately following a meal, providing the first evidence of postprandial sleep in a fish model. The amount of sleep was not correlated to meal size and occurred independently of feeding time. In contrast to larvae, postprandial sleep was not detected in adult surface or cavefish, which can survive for months without food. Together, these findings reveal that postprandial sleep is present in multiple short‐sleeping populations of cavefish, suggesting sleep‐feeding interactions are retained despite the evolution of sleep loss. These findings raise the possibility that postprandial sleep is critical for energy conservation and survival in larvae that are highly sensitive to food deprivation.
Association between serum alder‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity and seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Watanabe Akihiro , Tanaka Fumio , Sawada Akinari , Nishida Yu , Maruyama Hirotsugu , Ominami Masaki , Otani Koji , Fukunaga Shusei , Hosomi Shuhei , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Pollen exposure may induce seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis. However, whether serum pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity can predict such seasonal eosinophilic esophagitis onset remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity and the seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis during the pollen dispersal period.

Methods

We seasonally classified eosinophilic esophagitis patients and compared their clinical and endoscopic findings. Seasonal trends with respect to the positivity rate of serum pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E were examined. Pollens such as alder, cedar, cypress, birch, orchard grass, timothy, ragweed, and mugwort were evaluated. We classified patients into two groups: tested positive or negative for each pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E. We then evaluated whether the positivity of each pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E was associated with the seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis during the pollen dispersal period.

Results

We included 122 patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis between 2010 and 2019. Among them, 31 (25.4%), 42 (34.4%), 29 (23.8%), and 20 (16.4%) patients were diagnosed during spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. No significant differences were observed in clinical and endoscopic findings across seasons. No significant seasonal trends were observed in the positivity rate of each pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E. The positivity rate of alder‐specific immunoglobulin E was significantly associated with the seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis (P < 0.01). However, the positivity rates of other pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E were not associated with the seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Conclusions

Serum alder‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity was associated with the seasonal onset of eosinophilic esophagitis.
Association between microenvironment‐related genes and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Hattori Keiichiro , Makishima Kenichi , Suma Sakurako , Abe Yoshiaki , Suehara Yasuhito , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Kurita Naoki , Ishii Ryota , Matsuoka Ryota , Matsuda Masahide , Tsurubuchi Takao , Nishikawa Ryo , Tanaka Shota , Mukasa Akitake , Narita Yoshitaka , Ichimura Koichi , Nagane Motoo , Takano Shingo , Mathis Bryan J. , Ishikawa Eiichi , Matsubara Daisuke , Chiba Shigeru , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko
Published: November 2024

Background

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy. Systemic profiling of the PCNSL tumor microenvironment (TME) was previously conducted through gene expression analysis. We investigated the prognostic impact of TME on survival to establish novel prognostic biomarkers in PCNSL patients.

Methods

We analyzed expression levels of 770 neuroinflammation‐related (NFR) genes via NanoString nCounter technology in tumor samples from 30 PCNSL patients. Genes related to the “recurrence group (RG)” or “non‐recurrence group (NRG)” were identified and validated using whole transcriptomic analysis of an independent PCNSL cohort (n = 30).

Results

Forty‐five of 770 NFR genes were highly expressed in the RG (3‐year overall survival (OS, 22.2%), compared with the NRG group (3‐year OS 66.7%). Signatures related to glial cells were enriched in the RG‐associated gene set. Multivariate analysis revealed that high expressions of TUBB4A (p = 0.028, HR: 3.88), S100B (p = 0.046, HR: 3.093), and SLC6A1 (p = 0.034, HR: 3.765) were significantly related to death. Expression levels of these three genes were also significantly associated with poor OS in the validation cohort. Immunohistochemical staining against TUBB4A, S100B, and proteins specific to glial cells (GFAP, OLIG2, and CD68) revealed significantly higher positivity in RG glial cells.

Conclusion

These data suggest that TME‐related genes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCNSL, complementing the well‐known involvement of the NF‐kB signaling pathway. TME targeting, especially glial cell‐specific proteins, may thus open new and complementary avenues of therapy for all stages of PCNSL.
Atrial arrhythmias with mediastinal lymphadenopathy presentation of isolated atrial myocarditis
Authors: Kumar Sharath , Yalagudri Sachin , Saggu Daljeet , Mansoor M. , Tourani Vijaya K. , Narasimhan Calambur
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We present a case series of patients with granulomatous myocarditis presenting as atrial arrhythmias accompanied by lymphadenopathy.

Background

Atrial myocarditis (AM) may be the cause of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients without risk factors.

Methods

Patients with atrial fibrillation without risk factors underwent 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET). We performed biopsy of lymph nodes or myocardium in patients with atrial uptake of 18F‐FDG‐PET.

Results

AM was observed in 15 patients. The median age of the patients was 42 years and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at presentation was 45%. All patients had AF, atrial flutter was noted in 4 patients (26.7%) and 2 patients (13.3%) had atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). 18F‐FDG‐PET uptake was noted in the atria in all patients and in the ventricles in 3 patients (20%). Cardiac sarcoidosis was the diagnosis in 12 patients (80%) while 3 patients (20%) had tuberculosis. The median CHA2DS2 VASc score was 1. Four patients (26.7%) presented with ischemic stroke. All patients were treated with disease‐specific therapy in addition to antiarrhythmic medications. Over a median follow up of 26 months, a significant improvement in clinical status commensurate with a decline in atrial uptake was noted. A non‐significant improvement in LVEF to 56% with disease‐specific therapy was observed. (p = 0.09).

Conclusion

Atrial fibrillation with granulomatous lymphadenopathy may be a presenting feature of AM. The risk of stroke is high in these individuals. AM should be suspected in young individuals presenting with atrial fibrillation and stroke without conventional risk factors.
Regulation of MareA Gene on Monascus Growth and Metabolism Under Different Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Li Zhuolan , Zhang Sicheng , Guo Shixin , Li Ailing , Wang Yurong
Published: November 2024

Monascus is a widely used natural microorganism in our country, which can produce useful secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that the nitrogen source directly affects the growth, reproduction, and secondary metabolites of Monascus. As a global transcriptional regulator of nitrogen metabolism, MareA gene is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism. In this study, we found the MareA gene that is highly homologous to the AreA gene sequence, and used MareA to obtain ΔMareA and OE‐MareA. Three strains were cultured with glutamine, urea, NaNO3, and (NH4)2SO4 nitrogen sources. The Monascus pigments and related genes were analyzed by solid‐state fermentation under different nitrogen sources. The results showed that the pigment production of the ΔMareA decreased, but the OE‐MareA did the opposite. The secondary metabolites of the three strains were analyzed by HPLC and expression level of pigment biosytnthesis gene was determined by RT‐qPCR. The relative expression levels of four key Monascus pigment genes in ΔMareA were significantly upregulated in mppE gene, but downregulated in MpPKS5, mppG, and mppD genes. Monascus pigment genes were increased in OE‐MareA. In terms of growth regulation, the expression of VosA and LaeA genes was significantly reduced in ΔMareA, while OE‐MareA significantly promoted the expression of GprD genes. The pigment production and gene expression in ΔMareA were significantly lower than that of C100, while the opposite was true of OE‐MareA when NaNO3 was added to the culture medium. In conclusion, MareA gene had different regulatory effects on Monascus growth and pigments metabolism under different nitrogen sources.
Upadacitinib is associated with clinical response and steroid‐free remission for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Runde Joseph , Ryan Kelsey , Hirst Joseph , Lebowitz Jonathan , Chen Wenya , Brown Jeffrey , Strople Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Objective

Upadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), is approved for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. As on‐label use will face significant delay in pediatrics, a real‐world understanding of safety and efficacy in children is critical.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective cohort of pediatric subjects (ages 9–20 years) with a diagnosis of IBD initiated on upadacitinib. The primary outcome was clinical response following induction (decrease of ≥20 points in the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index [PUCAI] or ≥12.5 points for the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [PCDAI]). Secondary outcomes included steroid‐free clinical remission (SF‐CR) following induction and at Week 24 (PUCAI or PCDAI ≤10), post‐induction mucosal response and remission (Mayo for ulcerative colitis [UC]/IBD‐unclassified [IBD‐U] and simple‐endoscopic scoring for CD), and improvement in calprotectin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) post‐induction. Monitoring for adverse events was recorded.

Results

Twenty subjects (40% female with a median age of 16.3 years; 3 CD, 13 UC, 4 IBD‐U) were initiated on upadacitinib. Clinical response at Week 8 (UC/IBD‐U) and Week 12 (CD), was achieved in 90% (18/20). SF‐CR was seen in 75% (16/20) following induction and maintained in 65% (11/17) reaching Week 24 of therapy. In subjects with UC/IBD‐U (17), PUCAI was significantly improved at Weeks 8 and 24. Calprotectin post‐induction showed a significant downtrend, whereas CRP did not. Endoscopic response was noted in seven of the eight cases, with three achieving endoscopic remission. One patient underwent subtotal colectomy after 2 weeks of upadacitinib induction. Another patient stopped therapy following the creation of a diverting ileostomy secondary to rectal perforation experienced following manual dilation of a rectal stricture. No new safety signals were reported.

Conclusion

Therapeutic options for children with IBD remain limited. In cases refractory to approved agents, our experience suggests that upadacitinib is effective with no new safety signals in a small subset of patients with IBD (ages 9–20 years) treated at a children's hospital.
Sequential fermentation of Ginkgo biloba seeds by Bacillus subtilis natto and Lactobacillus plantarum enhanced nutrition, flavor and lipid‐lowering activity
Authors: Bai Yun , Fang Xianying , Jiang Yunpeng , Xu Jiahui , Wu Lulu , Li Qi , Cao Fuliang , Zhao Linguo
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Ginkgo biloba seeds (GBS) are rich in flavonoids, proteins and reducing sugar, and have been consumed as food and medicinal nuts for thousands of years. However, the presence of ginkgotoxins and their poor palatability limit people's consumption of them.

RESULTS

This study used solid‐state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis natto and Lactobacillus plantarum to enhance the safety and benefits of GBS. Optimized fermentation conditions increased the content of beneficial components like total flavonoids, soluble protein and reducing sugar while eliminating unpleasant odors (isoamyl aldehyde and hexanal) and reducing the toxin 4′‐O‐methylpyridoxine by 91.17%. Fermentation of GBS powder can significantly enhance its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro (P < 0.001). Furthermore, it exhibits a dose‐dependent effect within a certain concentration range. Mixed fermentation (FBnLp) was evaluated for its effects on obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high‐fat diet. FBnLp significantly reduced body and liver weight gain, prevented dyslipidemia and decreased inflammatory and oxidative stress compared to unfermented GBS. Histological analysis showed that FBnLp improved liver health by reducing fat accumulation and preventing non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meanwhile, it was found that feeding FBnLp increased the expression of CPT‐1α, which regulates energy expenditure and fat breakdown, and downregulated the expression of SREBP‐1c, FAS and ACC, which regulate fat synthesis.

CONCLUSION

This research provides new insights and technological support for the application and development of FBnLp as a functional product, addressing key issues in its use and industry growth. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preclinical development and characterisation of PP353, a formulation of linezolid for intradiscal administration
Authors: Hagger Graham , Guest Sarah , Birchall Stephen , Bradley Alys , Brindley Charlie , Corbett David , Cummings Paul J. , Freire Cristina , Harris James , Wise Andrew , Wood Melanie , Czaplewski Lloyd G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Bacterial infection of the intervertebral disc can lead to vertebral endplate edema known as Modic changes, with associated chronic low back pain. Oral antimicrobial therapy has shown efficacy but relies on prolonged dosing and may not be optimal in terms of patient outcome, side effects, or antibiotic stewardship. There is no antibiotic formulation approved for intradiscal administration. Here, we describe the development and preclinical characterization of a formulation of linezolid, a suspension of 50 mg/mL micronized powder, for intradiscal administration.

Methods

Micronization, particle size analysis, Franz cell diffusion assays, ex vivo bioassay, and estimates of gelling temperature were used to optimize the composition and properties of the formulation. Performance of the formulation was assessed using sheep to characterize the pharmacokinetics and a model of intradiscal infection was developed to demonstrate efficacy. Suitability for human administration was demonstrated in a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) local tolerance study.

Results

Micronized linezolid, formulated as a powder suspension using a vehicle containing poloxamer 407 and iohexol, provided a temperature‐dependent radio‐opaque gel that was suitable for image‐guided percutaneous intradiscal administration. Efficacy in a sheep model of intradiscal Staphylococcus aureus infection was demonstrated. The formulation provides a high level of sheep disc tissue exposure, with Cmax of 6500 μg/g and limited systemic exposure, with a plasma Cmax of 0.04 μg/mL per 0.1 mL dose (5 mg of linezolid). Deconvolution of plasma linezolid pharmacokinetics correlated with linezolid remaining in the disc over time. Observations from a GLP local tolerance study with the linezolid formulation were of a minor nature and related to the intradiscal administration procedure.

Conclusions

Linezolid can be formulated for image‐guided percutaneous intradiscal administration. The formulation is now in a Phase 1b clinical trial to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in patients with CLBP and suspected bacterial infection.
Cognitive‐Affective‐Behavioral Themes in Post‐Purchase Attitudes Toward Virtual Tourism Experiences: A Mixed‐Method Approach
Authors: Baruah Angana , Chatterjee Devlina
Published: November 2024

Virtual tourism experiences (VTEs) have grown rapidly after COVID and are expected to grow further. Customer attitudes toward VTEs are therefore of interest. Attitude, in general, is known to have three components: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Thematic details of attitudes toward VTEs have not yet been explored, motivating the current study. We use a mixed‐method approach to explore latent themes within online reviews for VTEs. Latent Dirichlet allocation, used for topic modeling, is applied to 58,675 reviews from Airbnb online experiences. Next, we analyze 70 online reviews from Viator using thematic analysis. The primary themes that emerge are host appreciation, recommendation, hedonic experience, interactive aspects, social connections, and culture and learning. We discuss in detail how these themes relate to the tri‐component model of attitude. Our study of post‐purchase consumer attitudes provides new insights into the design, delivery, and marketing of VTEs which has academic as well as managerial implications.
Undergoing cartilage procedures before total knee arthroplasty is not associated with worse postoperative functional outcomes, readmission rates or complication rates
Authors: Khan Irfan A. , Cozzarelli Nicholas F. , Hohmann Alexandra L. , Siddiqui Hassan , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Freedman Kevin B. , Fillingham Yale A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with prior knee cartilage surgery have unclear outcomes in the literature. This study compared outcomes after TKA in patients with or without prior knee cartilage surgery, and we hypothesized there would be equivocal outcomes between groups.

Methods

A retrospective matched case–control study was conducted on patients from our institution who underwent ipsilateral cartilage procedure(s) and TKA (cases) or TKA alone (controls) from 2000 to 2022. Cartilage procedures included Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI), Osteochondral Allograft (OCA) and Microfracture (MFx). Matching was performed in 1:3 (case:control) ratio for age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, pre‐TKA Kellgren–Lawrence osteoarthritis grade and follow‐up for knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement (KOOS‐JR). Mann–Whitney U and χ2 analyses were conducted, with significance being a p < 0.05. A priori power analysis required 29 patients per cohort to reach a clinically detectable difference of 11 for KOOS‐JR.

Results

Forty‐three cases (one ACI, eight OCA and 34 MFx) and 129 controls were included after matching, with no significant demographic differences. Cases underwent TKA after cartilage surgery at a mean of 4.6 years. No significant differences existed between cases and controls for the preoperative KOOS‐JR (45.2 vs. 47.8; p = 0.353), postoperative KOOS‐JR (69.8 vs. 69.9; p = 0.974) or Delta KOOS‐JR (30.4 vs. 26.0; p = 0.387). No significant differences existed for 90‐day readmission rates (4.7% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.600) or revision TKA rates (11.6% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.177).

Conclusion

Patients with and without prior cartilage surgery experience similar functional outcomes, readmission rates and revision rates after TKA on the same knee. Patients who are candidates for TKA with a history of cartilage surgery may be counselled that their surgical history on that knee does not convey the risk of worse functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level III case–control study.
Development and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Double‐Network Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Indurkar Abhishek , Rubenis Kristaps , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Locs Janis
Published: November 2024

In this study, a thermoresponsive double‐network (DN) nanocomposite hydrogel is developed. The primary hydrogel network comprises Pluronic P123, while the secondary network comprises gelatinmethacrylate (GELMA) and polyacrylamide (PAM). A systematic approach is adopted to develop DN hydrogels. Initially, the impact of Pluronic P123 concentrationon the mechanical properties of PAM‐GELMA hydrogel is investigated. Results from the tensile strength and the oscillatory shear tests reveal that an increasing P123 concentration has a marginal effect on the storage modulus while significantly reducing the loss modulus of the PAM‐GELMA hydrogel, thereby improving mechanical properties. Notably, DN3 hydrogel containing 7.5w/v% P123 in PAM‐GELMA exhibits osteoid matrix‐like mechanical properties. To further enhance the mechanical properties, citrate‐containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP_CIT) is incorporated in DN3 hydrogel at varying concentrations. At a lower concentration of ACP_CIT (0.75 w/v%), the mechanical properties of DN3‐ACP0.75 hydrogel are notably enhanced. Incorporating ACP_CIT in DN3 hydrogel (DN3‐ACP0.75) decreases creep strain, rapid stress relaxation, and reduced water uptake capacity while maintaining the thermoresponsive behavior. Finally, an in vitro analysis confirms the cytocompatibility of the hydrogels with MC3T3‐E1 cells, indicating the potential use in bone tissue engineering.
Elaboration and Characterization of Different Zirconium Modified ETS Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue
Authors: Lazarova Hristina I. , Rusew Rusi I. , Tsvetanova Liliya V. , Barbov Borislav Z. , Tacheva Elena S. , Shivachev Boris L.
Published: November 2024

In this study, Zirconium‐modified Engelhard Titanium Silicate 4 (Na−K‐ETS‐4/xZr) catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for their photocatalytic efficiency in degrading crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, WDXRF, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results confirmed the successful incorporation of Zr into the ETS‐4 framework, with the highest Zr content reaching 9.2 wt %. The photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation was studied at varying pH levels. The Na−K‐ETS‐4/6.3Zr catalyst exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency for CV (76.6 %), while Na−K‐ETS‐4/8.9Zr achieved 86.6 % efficiency for MB. A combination of Engelhard Titanium Silicate 10, Na−K‐ETS‐10/6.3Zr and Na−K‐ETS‐4/8.9Zr significantly enhanced dye degradation, achieving up to 96.5 % efficiency for MB. Kinetic studies indicated that the degradation process follows a non‐linear pseudo‐first‐order model. The catalysts also demonstrated excellent reusability, with minimal efficiency loss after five cycles, and full recovery after an ethanol wash. These findings suggest that Na−K‐ETS‐4/xZr is a promising candidate for environmental water treatment applications due to its efficient photodegradation performance and stability.
Exploring the Role of Herbal Compounds in Skin Aging: A Systematic Review of Topical Approaches
Authors: Goh Asly Poh‐Tze , Goh She‐May , Tow Wai‐Kit , Toh Kar‐Men , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Sundralingam Usha
Published: November 2024

Recently, dermatology has increasingly focused on understanding skin aging and exploring novel therapeutic approaches. Despite progress in cosmetic and pharmaceutical research, a significant gap remains in comprehensively understanding the effects and mechanisms of herbal extracts on skin aging. While many studies have examined the bioactivities of herbal compounds in preclinical models, comprehensive human trials have been scarce over the past decade. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing human trials from the past decade, focusing on the therapeutic effects of herbal extracts on skin aging. The objective is to unravel the mechanisms contributing to skin aging and assess the therapeutic potential of herbal compounds. Following the PRISMA 2020 guideline, a systematic review was performed across OvidMEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase via Ovid. A meticulous search strategy identified relevant clinical trials. The review highlights the essential role of herbal compounds in skin aging, particularly their antioxidant activity in suppressing the aging process. Analysis of 51 clinical trials offers valuable insights into their diverse effects on skin aging parameters. Herbal compounds are promising alternatives to synthetic products for treating skin aging. Their demonstrated efficacy in mitigating wrinkles, enhancing elasticity, maintaining hydration, and controlling pigmentation underscores their potential in developing antiaging therapeutics. However, further studies are needed to identify specific compounds responsible for these effects and understand their mechanisms. Future directions include conducting large‐scale trials, exploring synergies with other ingredients, and optimizing delivery systems for sustainable, effective antiaging therapies.
Perspectives, Experiences, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals and Patients Towards Herb–Drug Interaction: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Shen Chen , Ren Zhi‐Ying , Lan Hui‐Di , Kong Ling‐Yao , Yang Ming , Su You‐Zhu , Yue Xiao‐Lei , Wan Zu‐Lin , Xiao Li‐Xue , Chen Pi‐Pi , Li Xun , Zhou Xian , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian‐Ping
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to understand healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and patients perspectives and experiences on clinical practice of herb–drug interactions (HDIs). A systematic review of qualitative studies was conduct. 10 electronic databases were searched from inception through September 2023. Qualitative studies, mixed‐method studies, and unstructured or semi‐structured cross‐sectional surveys focused on healthcare professionals, pharmacists and patients' perspectives, attitudes, clinical practice behaviors, and information needs regarding HDI were included. Thematic synthesis employed Nvivo 12 software. Of 6655 studies identified, 1267 full‐text articles were retrieved. Of these, 18 studies conducted in 11 countries/regions were eligible for inclusion, involving 1273 patients, 302 healthcare professionals, and 230 pharmacists. Five over‐arching explanatory themes were identified: perspectives, attitudes, practices, experiences, expectations, and information needs. Complementary and alternative (CAM) physicians, pharmacists, and general practitioners were considered by patients to possess the ability or responsibility to assess potential HDIs. Pharmacists yet encountered difficulties due to conflicting information sources and inadequate training. Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, usually only assessed HDIs when they were deemed to cause serious adverse effects. Regarding expectations and information needs, patients were particularly concerned about the risk of adverse HDIs, the severity of HDIs, and the appropriate intervals between drug doses. They would like to receive relevant HDI alerts. Results suggest that government, policy makers, healthcare professionals, and the education system should give attention to HDIs and improve health professional—patient communication. Further research should also be conducted on the understanding and practices of CAM practitioners in China.

Trial Registration: CRD42022324777 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails)
Update on Pharmacological Drugs and Macrocyclic Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Rani Anjali , Aslam Mohd. , Nand Bhaskara , Pandey Garima , Singh Prashant
Published: November 2024

Corrosion of metals and alloys is a critical challenge across various industries, leading to substantial financial losses and safety risks. The use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an effective strategy in mitigating this issue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the use of macrocyclic compounds and pharmacological drugs as corrosion inhibitors. These compounds exhibit unique chemical structures and functional groups, which enhance their ability to improve corrosion resistance through adsorption onto metal surfaces, thereby reducing oxidation and electrochemical reactions. The review highlights the effectiveness of these inhibitors in diverse corrosive environments and their compatibility with different metals and alloys, including steel, aluminum, and copper. Key findings reveal their superior performance in creating protective barriers and their potential for offering more sustainable, eco‐friendly solutions compared to conventional inhibitors. This review emphasizes their inhibitory effects, investigates their underlying mechanisms, and underscores the importance of ongoing research and innovation to maximize their use as effective and sustainable corrosion prevention techniques.
Partial Selenization Strategy for Fabrication of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH Heterostructure as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Nitika  , Dutta R.K.
Published: November 2024

NiCr‐LDH and its partial selenization as Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH heterostructure is established here as an alkaline water electrolyzer for achieving enhanced overall water splitting efficiency. The hydrothermally synthesized optimized batch of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH is thoroughly characterized to elucidate its structure, morphology, and composition. Compared to pristine NiCr‐LDH, the batch of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH exhibits exceptional alkaline OER and HER activity with low overpotentials of 258 and 85 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Besides, Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH also exhibits excellent acidic HER with an overpotential of only 61 mV at 10 mA cm−2, indicating that Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH can operate effectively across a wide pH range. The excellent electrochemical stability of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH for 24 h operation is attributed to the formation of a thin layer of SeOx during OER operation. The role of selenization and the effect of Cr in the LDH lattice toward enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting is discussed. The outstanding OER and HER performances of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH are attributed to the higher electrochemical active surface area, favorable conditions for adsorption of HER/OER intermediates, low charge transfer resistance, and improved conductivity. The practical application of Ni0.85Se@NiCr‐LDH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting is reflected from the low cell voltage of 1.548 V at 10 mA cm−2.
Large‐Current CO2 Electromethanation Through Active Hydrogen Regulation Over Carbon Nitride
Authors: Yan Tianxiang , Jin Yaxin , Fan Qun , Liu Hai , Li Xindi , Zhang Tianying , Wang Hui , Lin Jianlong , Chi Haoyuan , Zhang Sheng , Ma Xinbin
Published: November 2024

Electromethanation of CO2 has received intensive attention due to its high calorific value and convenient storage along with transportation to accommodate industrial demands. However, it is limited by sluggish multi‐step proton‐coupled electron transfer kinetics and undesired *H coupling under high current density, posing great challenges to its commercialization. Herein, carbon nitride (CN) with superior hydrogen adsorption ability is used as an active‐hydrogen adsorption and supply material. Through a facile liquid‐assisted exfoliation and electrostatic self‐assembly strategy to strengthen its interfacial contacts with Cu2O catalysts, yielding a strengthened CH4 production 52 times higher than that of pristine Cu2O. Flow‐cell test ultimately achieved FECH4 and remarkably CH4 partial current density of 61% and 561 mA cm−2, respectively. With in situ ATR‐FTIR spectra and DFT calculations, it is established that strengthened interfaces enabled abundant *H tethered by ─C─N═C─ sites in CN nanosheets and oriented to the *CO hydrogenation to *CHO and *CHx on Cu species. This work reveals the profound influence of fine‐expanded interfaces with dimensional materials on the product distribution and yield through the active‐hydrogen management, which is of reference value for other small‐molecule electro‐polarization dominated by the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process (e.g., N2, O2, etc.).
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Solid‐Phase Extraction Procedure and High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography With Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Ghanmi Safouane , Hassine Sihem Ben , Bouabdallah Sondes , Driss Mohamed Ridha , Touil Soufiane
Published: November 2024

Solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was evaluated for determination of 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants in water samples. Diverse parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as the nature and volume of eluent solvent, volume and pH of the water sample, and quantity and nature of sorbent phase were studied and optimized. SPE was carried out on Bond Elut C18 cartridge and high recoveries were obtained using 1000 mg of the sorbent for the treatment of a 500 mL water sample. PAH recoveries ranged from 60.3% to 93.3% for 500 mL treated water samples. The developed method gives very low detection limits ranging between 0.03 and 12 ng/mL and it has been applied successfully to different environmental water samples such as tap water, mineral water, surface water, treated wastewater, and industrial effluents. Results showed the presence of PAHs especially in industrial effluent from the Bizerte region with ∑PAHs means value of 33.76 mg/L and in treated wastewater samples collected from North Tunisia with ∑PAHs concentrations levels of 0.81, 1.17, 0.97, and 0.72 mg/L in Bizerte, Tunis, Ben Arous, and Beja wastewater treatment plants, respectively.
Diversification of fescues (Festuca sect. Eskia, Poaceae), a key‐component of southern European mountainous grasslands
Authors: Mucko Maja , Lakušić Dmitar , Frajman Božo , Bogdanović Sandro , Doboš Marko , Ljubičić Ivica , Kuzmanović Nevena , Rešetnik Ivana
Published: November 2024

Grasslands cover approximately 30% of all land area and represent one of the most extensive and diverse ecosystems of the world. One of the largest globally distributed genera dominating various types of grasslands is Festuca (Loliinae, Poaceae). In this study, we disentangle the origin and diversification of early divergent lineages within fine‐leaved (FL) Loliinae, namely F. sect. Eskia and F. sect. Dimorphae (Eskia‐Dimorpha Group). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among 218 populations of 129 Loliinae taxa using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnT‐trnF sequences. Relative genome size (RGS) and ploidy level estimations revealed multiple polyploidisations within F. sect. Eskia. We uncovered previously unknown tetraploid and hexaploid populations of different species from the Balkan Peninsula. The inferred phylogenies revealed the sequential divergence of Eskia‐Dimorpha Group lineages in the early evolution of FL Loliinae, but also incongruences in the position as well as the composition of different clades between the nuclear and plastid‐based trees. Despite incongruences, some well‐supported and geographically segregated clades of single or closely related species from the Alps, the Pyrenees or the Balkan Peninsula were resolved. The most pronounced discordance between the plastid and nuclear data were among several taxa endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. Our data suggest that genome downsizing followed polyploidisation and that evolutionary dynamics of RGS‐ups and downs within F. sect. Eskia were strongly phylogenetically correlated. Overall, our study underscores the intricate evolutionary history and differentiation of species within the Eskia‐Dimorpha Group, emphasizing the need for further research to refine phylogenetic hypotheses and taxonomic circumscriptions, thereby enhancing our understanding of grassland biodiversity and evolution.
Study on Lightning Protection of Large‐Scale Photovoltaic Power Station by Spiral Multiple Pair Blowing Units
Authors: Qin Honglin , Huang Ping
Published: November 2024

Lightning protection of large‐scale photovoltaic power stations and grid‐connected lines has gradually become a difficult problem with more and more large‐scale photovoltaic power stations connected to the State Grid. In order to enable large photovoltaic power station to continue and stably operate, this paper targeted the grid‐connected transmission line and designed the spiral multi‐pair blowing device. The device leads the plasma arc to take on a spiral path, and the energy of plasma arc is sprayed out at the convection fracture of the unit and continuously consumed. Experiment results show that the device can extinguish lightning current in 2.1 ms and restore the transmission voltage to the normal level. The lightning protection device has the effectiveness of arc extinguishing, and it is beneficial to reduce lightning trip rate of transmission line of large‐scale photovoltaic power stations. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Advocacy‐oriented language teacher educator identity as ethical self‐formation: A polyvocal exploration
Authors: Warren Amber N. , Ward Natalia A. , Çermikli Ayvaz Başak , Dias Maria José A. , Linville Heather A. , Whiting James
Published: November 2024

Language teacher educators’ identity is a significant contributor to pedagogical and professional choices they make in their work. Utilizing Foucault's notion of ethico‐political self‐formation as adapted by Clarke (2009), the researchers explored the identities of six advocacy‐oriented language teacher educators (LTEs) working in the United States. In their polyvocal exploration, they focus on the ethical substance, authority sources, and self‐practices that contribute to the formation of advocacy‐oriented professional identities. Analysis revealed interactions between prior experiences, relationships, key theories, and self‐practices of reflection as formative to identities as advocacy‐oriented LTEs. The researchers discuss their findings in light of the relationship of identity formation to pedagogy and what collaborative self‐reflection reveals about the formation of an advocacy‐oriented LTE identity. The findings contribute to our developing understanding of advocacy within the context of language teaching and language teacher education.
Heterogeneity of definition of upper gastrointestinal tract in different guidelines of Crohn's disease: A scoping review
Authors: Yuan Yuhong , Sedano Rocio , Solitano Virginia , Nardone Olga Maria , Crowley Eileen , Jairath Vipul
Published: November 2024

Crohn's Disease (CD) can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the upper GI tract (UGIT). However, the definitions and classifications of upper GI CD (UGICD) vary. We conducted a scoping review to explore how UGIT and UGICD are defined and to assess the heterogeneity of these definitions in published CD guidelines, aiming to inform future initiatives for harmonizing definitions. We conducted a search of MEDLINE and Embase for English‐language guidelines on CD that mentioned upper GI‐related terms in the titles, abstracts, or keywords from inception until 26 July 2024. Definitions of UGIT and UGICD were summarized descriptively. Of 1132 citations, only 19 records met our inclusion criteria. Only eight were identified as CD guidelines. None of them focuses on UGICD. Among these, five diagnostic guidelines explicitly mentioned “upper GI” in their abstracts. Only the joint European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology guidelines clearly defined the UGIT. Most guidelines mentioned UGI terms related to upper endoscopy or biopsy only. It was unclear whether these guidelines typically included the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in the definition of UGICD while excluding the distal small intestine. Although the latest guideline related to pediatric‐onset IBD cited the 2011 Paris classification, none of the three guidelines published after that explicitly mentioned the proposed subdivided location of the upper disease. There is a lack of consistent reporting in defining UGICD according to disease location. It is unclear whether there is a consensus on excluding the small intestine beyond the duodenum. Additionally, there is no indication that the subdivided location of UGIT was considered in CD guideline development. Greater consistency in definitions would aid in diagnosis, clinical care, epidemiological research and inclusion into clinical trials. These findings underscore the need for developing a framework to standardize the classification of UGICD, especially for clinical trials.
Organoid‐based precision medicine in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Beutel Alica K. , Ekizce Menar , Ettrich Thomas J. , Seufferlein Thomas , Lindenmayer Jessica , Gout Johann , Kleger Alexander
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks among the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in precision oncology in other malignancies, treatment of PDAC still largely relies on conventional chemotherapy. Given the dismal prognosis and heterogeneity in PDAC, there is an urgent need for personalized therapeutic strategies to improve treatment response. Organoids, generated from patients' tumor tissue, have emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research. These three‐dimensional models faithfully recapitulate the morphological and genetic features of the parental tumor and retain patient‐specific heterogeneity. This review summarizes existing precision oncology approaches in PDAC, explores current applications and limitations of organoid cultures in personalized medicine, details preclinical studies correlating in vitro organoid prediction and patient treatment response, and provides an overview of ongoing organoid‐based clinical trials.
Tremors in cats with hepatic encephalopathy‐congenital portosystemic shunts or postattenuation neurological syndrome
Authors: Liatis Theofanis , Bhatti Sofie F. M. , Glanemann Barbara , De Decker Steven
Published: November 2024

Background

Tremors have been reported as a neurological sign in cats with hepatic encephalopathy due to congenital portosystemic shunts (HE‐CPSS) or postattenuation neurological syndrome (PANS).

Methods

The clinical records of cats diagnosed with HE‐CPSS and manifesting tremors between 2003 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed to characterise the clinical features of the tremors.

Results

Nineteen cats with HE‐CPSS were included, of which 17 manifested tremors at admission and two had PANS. Domestic shorthair was the most common breed (12/19). Tremors were the only neurological sign in six of the 19 cats. Tremor localisation was generalised (10/19) or focal to the head (8/19) or a limb (1/19). Most tremors were episodic and non‐intentional (15/19), occurring usually at rest with occasional intentional features (4/19). Of the 14 cats for which 1‐month follow‐up was available, tremors discontinued in nine after surgical or medical management.

Limitations

The limitations of this study included its retrospective nature and the lack of video recordings, brain magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological evaluation of tremors in all cases.

Conclusions

A diagnosis of HE‐CPSS or PANS should be considered in cats with generalised or focal tremors.
Assessing veterinarians’ opinions of antimicrobial stewardship initiative acceptability for farm practice in Wales
Authors: Powell Adam , Bard Alison M. , Rees Gwen M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives are imperative to safeguard antimicrobials and reduce resistance. Across the UK, AMS relies in part on the self‐regulation of the veterinary profession, particularly in farm animal practice, alongside voluntary schemes and quality assurance systems. In Europe, AMS initiatives are often statutory and require responsibility from several sectors. Consideration of broader AMS initiatives, potentially unfamiliar to the Welsh veterinary profession, could optimise future policy and align it with the requirements of Welsh veterinarians.

Methods

AMS initiatives were collated from nations with long‐standing low antimicrobial use. A survey was constructed permitting veterinarians' evaluation of initiative feasibility and effectiveness (collectively, ‘acceptability’) within Welsh farm animal practice.

Results

Veterinarian‐directed AMS initiatives, particularly those implemented within individual practices, were considered most acceptable. Initiatives that demanded cooperation from entities outside practices, or those regarded as punitive, were less acceptable.

Limitations

The findings of this voluntary survey may be biased towards particularly motivated respondents in the veterinary sector. Additionally, the cause or effect of the recorded professional behaviour is not known in this study.

Conclusion

Future antimicrobial policy should consider AMS acceptability by veterinarians, alongside farmers and other stakeholders, to promote compliance and attainment. The study data suggest that veterinarians may perceive continuous professional development/knowledge exchange as being most acceptable, alongside activities allied to a strong veterinarian‒client prescribing relationship. Continued support should focus on expanding these areas. Decoupling (ie, abolishing the professional licence for veterinarians to both prescribe and dispense medicines) was viewed as least acceptable by veterinarians in this study.