bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ant colony optimization-based adjusted PID parameters: a proposed method
Authors: Wang Long , Luo Yiqun , Yan Hongyan
Published: November 2023

The ant colony algorithm (ACA) is a heuristic algorithm that resolves the optimality problem by simulating an ant’s foraging process, which finds the shortest path. The connotation of the ACA is to find the optimal solution. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) parameter tuning is an essential tool in the control field and includes three parameters, Kp, Ki, and Kd, to achieve the best control effect. Besides, tuning the PID parameters is closely related to finding the “optimal” solution that can be attained based on the feasible combination of the two. This article transforms the PID parameter tuning problem into an ACA that finds the optimal solution called ACA-based PID parameters tuning. Furthermore, PID control is simulated by setting the parameters of ACA, such as ant colony size, iteration times, nodes, paths, path evaluation criteria, pheromone concentration, heuristic function, weight factor, and decision function. Eventually, the two PID controller parameter tuning strategies are compared and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are obtained. Compared with the 4:1 attenuation curve method, the proposed method can significantly reduce the MP score of the overshoot of the system, increase the time, and improve the dynamic and steady-state performance of the system, but reduce the steady-state error of the system. Therefore, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Papa Francisco e o pensamento decolonial:
Authors: Koffermann Marcia
Published: November 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma análise do Magistério do Papa Francisco em confronto com o pensamento decolonial latino-americano. Tendo como fundamento as bases epistemológicas que emergem do contexto latino-americanos por meio de pensadores como Educardo Restrepo, Axel Rojas, Erick Torrico Villanueva e Catherine Walsh, é realizada uma análise de duas encíclicas e duas exortações apostólicas de Papa Francisco. O objetivo da análise é identificar como e em que aspectos o pensamento de Papa Francisco é influenciado pelo pensamento decolonial. A escolha pela figura de Papa Francisco deve-se ao fato, de que vindo da América do Sul, pela sua experiência de vida e pela formação recebida pode ser considerado uma voz ativa em nível mundial em favor das periferias do mundo.
Defensa de la divinidad y humanidad de Cristo en La Pasión de Cristo de Gregorio Nacianceno
Authors: Saeteros Tamara
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo busca responder la pregunta: ¿Cuál es la cristología que defiende Gregorio Nacianceno en La Pasión de Cristo? A través del análisis e interpretación de los textos se descubre en qué sentido se defiende la verdadera divinidad y humanidad de Cristo, así como las cristologías divergentes que circulaban en la época. Los personajes del drama son la ocasión para manifestar las opiniones sobre Cristo: adopcionismo, monarquismo patripasiano, apolinarismo, arrianismo, docetismo y ebionismo. A partir de este análisis quedan manifiestas las líneas principales de la cristología de Gregorio Nacianceno, así como la creatividad de su obra escrita con la técnica del centón.
El evangelio del cuerpo de Cristo y de los cristianos. Aportes al trabajo teológico desarrollado en América Latina
Authors: Molteni Agostino
Published: November 2023

La reflexión cristiano-teológica sobre el cuerpo se encuentra casi en sus inicios. En nuestro estudio nos proponemos suplementar la reflexión ya hecha en el ámbito cristiano-teológico latinoamericano aportando algunas sugerencias de cómo podría ser pensado el cuerpo de Cristo y de los cristianos de modo que representen para todos los hombres el evangelio, la buena noticia del cuerpo.
Vertical Changes of Organic Carbon Storage, Structural and Hydraulic Properties of a Humid Tropical Soil under Vegetation Cover in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Amanze C. T.  , Eneje R. C.  , Oguike P. C.  , Ukabiala M. E.  , Nwosu O.  , Onyechere A. U.
Published: November 2023

Changes in organic carbon storage (OCS), structural and hydraulic properties with depth of soil are important phenomena that need to be understood per soil for effective soil management in crop production. A study was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to assess the vertical changes in OCS, structural and hydraulic properties of soil under vegetation cover. The study involved 5 levels of sampling depth replicated nine (9) times to give forty five (45) observational units. The nine points for sampling were randomly selected and the five sampling depths were 0 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 60, 60 – 80 and 80 – 100 cm. Auger and core soil samples were collected at the designated depths. The samples were processed and analysed in the laboratory. The results of data analyses showed that depths varied significantly (P≤0.05) in the parameters measured. The highest OCS of 38.28 ton / ha was obtained at the 0 – 20 cm depth and the lowest (10.38 ton / ha) was obtained at 80 – 100 cm depth. The highest mean weight diameter of 1.00 mm and lowest of 0.72 mm were obtained at 0 – 20 and 80 – 100 cm depths, respectively. The lowest clay dispersion index of 25.43 % and the highest clay flocculation index of 74.53 % were obtained at 80 – 100 cm depth. Clay content and bulk density (BD) increased with depth and, the highest clay content of 212.4 g / kg and highest BD of 1.65 mg / m3 were obtained at the 80 – 100 cm depth. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), total porosity (Pt) and macroporosity (Pm) decreased with depth. The highest Ksat of 3.11 cm / hr, Pt of 47.41 % and Pm of 24.13 % were obtained at 0 – 20 cm depth. The water retention characteristics increased with depth. The highest field capacity of 24.46 %, permanent wilting point of 11.16 % and available water capacity of 13.32 % were obtained at 80 – 100 cm depth. There were consistent changes in the soil properties across the depths. The reduced drainage at the higher depths should be considered in cultivating deep rooted crops which are sensitive to poor drainage. The top soils should be managed with good agronomic practices and minimum tillage to avert damages to the microaggregates.
Effect of Mulch or without Mulch on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Different Intercrops in Kinnow Orchard under Semi-arid Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Singh Surrender , Arora Indu , Singh Uday
Published: November 2023

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to find best suited intercrop for bearing kinnow orchard at village Balsamand of district Hisar during the years 2020 and 2021. Four vegetable crops viz. watermelon, cantaloupe, chilli, tomato and control (sole kinnow) were selected as intercrops and transplanted on silver on black mulch. In mulched plots plant height/vine length, number of fruits plant-1, average fruit weight, fruit weight plant-1 and yield (q/ha) was recorded higher than without mulched plots. No significant difference in fruit length of watermelon, cantaloupe and tomato during first year and watermelon and tomato during succeeding year was recorded in mulched plots. Mulch influenced the fruit width of watermelon during both the years. The BCR ratio was recorded higher in without mulched plots in all the crops except watermelon recorded higher BCR in mulched plots during 2021. The highest benefit cost ratio in all the crops was recorded higher in without mulched plots of watermelon, cantaloupe, chilli and tomato crop (1:5.84, 1:5.17, 1:2.99 and 1:2.71) and (1:5.01, 1:5.06, 1:2.64 and 1:2.60) during 2020 and 2021, except in watermelon crop where highest benefit cost ratio (1:5.17) was observed in watermelon crop in mulched plots during 2021.
Influence of Irrigation Scheduling on Physiological Growth Parameters and Yield of Wheat under Different Sowing Dates
Authors: Gajbhiye Mrinali , Bhan Manish , Agrawal K. K. , Kumar Narendra
Published: November 2023

Sowing time and irrigation play an important role to ensure higher production. Delay in sowing affects the growth and development of crop. Studying the effect of irrigation scheduling and sowing dates can provide a knowledge for improving production in late sowing conditions. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the influence of irrigation scheduling on physiological growth parameters and yield of wheat under different sowing dates. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations having three sowing dates, 3rd December, 18th December and 2nd January in the main-plot and four Irrigation Water/ Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) based irrigation scheduling, viz. 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 in the sub-plot was analyzed in split-plot design with three replications. The findings of present investigation revealed that the physiological growth parameters and yield were higher in 3rd December sown date. Among the irrigation scheduling, IW/CPE ratio 1.0 recorded significantly higher growth parameters and yield. The results of the present study conclude that adjusting sowing date with irrigation scheduling could assist in enhancing yield.
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil, Growth, Flowering and Yield of Guava Grown as a Component Crop in Coconut-Based Cropping System
Authors: Mohapatra Sheetal , Sahoo Sarat Chandra , Samant Deepa , Swain Subash Chandra
Published: November 2023

An experiment on integrated nutrient management in guava grown as a component crop in a coconut-based cropping system was conducted under the coastal condition of Odisha. Adoption of integrated nutrient management like the application of organic manures with or without NPK fertilizers resulted in improvement in the physico-chemical properties of soil, which was reflected in terms of pH, organic carbon content, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content. Among the different combination of integrated nutrient management applied in guava, the plant height, canopy spread, flushing intensity, yield and yield attributing parameters. The maximum available soil nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents were estimated to be maximum in the treatment applied with 50% RDF +50% N through vermicompost + FYM +bio fertilizer, while the soil pH was highest owing to application of 75% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost + FYM which was at par with results obtained with application of 75% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost and 75% RDF +25% N through vermicompost + FYM +bio fertilizer.
A Vaccination-Socialization SIR Model for Covid-19: Lessons Learned from the Pandemic
Authors: Cheddie Denver F.
Published: November 2023

Background: Modified SIR models have been effective in simulating the spread of Covid-19 and predicting various phenomena associated with the pandemic.

Aims: This paper presents a vaccination-socialization model to determine the relative effects of vaccination and increased socialization among the vaccinated. The objective is to determine whether the disease is spread more so by the presence of the unvaccinated or by increased social activity among the vaccinated.

Methodology:  To accomplish this, the SIR model is modified to include 9 compartments and 3 sub-populations. The resulting system of differential equations is solved in Matlab’s programming language using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method.

Results: The results show that the concept of a safe-zone in which vaccinated persons can increase their social activity only applies if the vaccine effectiveness is very high.
Appraising the Biochemical Responses in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings under Various Seed Treatments
Authors: Singh Sultan , Mor Virender Singh , Bhuker Axay , Digamber  , Kumar Rahul , Singh Gagandeep
Published: November 2023

A study was conducted to analyse the effect of pesticides and biofertilizers on enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (WH1105 and WH1124) and their old and fresh seed lots. This experiment was conducted in the laboratories at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University in Hisar during 2020. A total of 16 treatment combinations were applied to the seeds in the experiment, including control, which were subsequently used for germination. The seedlings of the wheat cultivars were germinated in between paper at controlled temperature 20oC. 4 days old germinated seedlings were used for the analyses of the biochemical parameters. This finding revealed that the seedlings germinated from seeds treated with T5-Azotobacter+PSB exhibited highest biochemical activity, followed by T4-Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria. The application of biofertilizers enhanced the dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, whereas the T1-Chlorpyrifos reduced the biochemical activities of the wheat seedlings. The results demonstrated that Chlorpyrifos had an adverse effect on the biochemical activities and inhibiting seedlings optimal growth and inducing stress-related challenges for wheat seedlings.
Cost Savings and Waste Reduction Through Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Heerdink Eibert R. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Egberts Toine C. G. , Bekker Charlotte L. ,   ROAD Study Group, de Bruin Anneloes , van Vlijmen Bas , Burger Desirée , Balk Thijs
Published: November 2023

Importance

New strategies targeting waste are required to improve financial and ecologic sustainability of expensive therapies, such as oral anticancer drugs, that frequently remain unused by patients. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs seems to be a promising strategy when drug quality is guaranteed.

Objectives

To determine the waste reduction and net cost savings attained by redispensing oral anticancer drugs that go unused by patients compared with the standard practice of disposal.

Design, Settings, and Participants

The ROAD study was a prospective single-group intervention conducted in the outpatient pharmacies of 4 hospitals in the Netherlands from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with 12-month follow-up of each patient. Patients with cancer and who had a prescription for an oral anticancer drug that could be stored at room temperature were included. Of 2426 eligible patients, 602 did not consent and 601 did not respond. Data analyses were performed from August 25, 2022, to April 19, 2023.

Intervention

Participants received oral anticancer drugs for use at home in special packaging (ie, sealed packaging with time-temperature indicator), to be returned to the pharmacy should these remain unused. The pharmacy ensured quality of returned drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life and adequate storage temperature. Drugs fulfilling quality requirements were redispensed to other patients.

Main Outcome and Measure

Total waste reduction and mean net annual cost savings per patient compared with the standard practice of disposal. Optimization of cost savings was explored by introducing variations in the quality assurance procedure and patient population. All analyses used the average exchange rate for 2021 €1 = US $1.18.

Results

Of 1223 patients with cancer who consented, 1071 participated (median [IQR] age, 70 [62-75] years; 622 [58.1%] were male). In all, 171 patients (16.0%; 95% CI, 13.8%-18.3%) returned 335 unused oral anticancer drug packages. Of the returned drugs, 228 packages were redispensed, which reduced waste by 68.1% (95% CI, 67.7%-68.5%) compared with the standard practice (disposal). Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs comprised 2.4% (95% CI, 2.2%-2.5%) of total drug costs, providing mean net annual cost savings of US $680 (95% CI, $524-$837) up to $1591 (95% CI, $1226-$2002) per participant.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this multicenter intervention study indicate that redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs is associated with waste reduction and cost savings, which in turn may improve the affordability and sustainability of cancer treatment.

Trial Registration

World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Identifier: NL9208
Instant‐in‐Air Liquid Metal Printed Ultrathin Tin Oxide for High‐Performance Ammonia Sensors
Authors: Nguyen Chung Kim , Taylor Patrick D. , Zavabeti Ali , Alluhaybi Hamidah , Almalki Samira , Guo Xiangyang , Irfan Mehmood , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Ippolito Samuel J. , Spencer Michelle J.S. , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Roberts Ann , Daeneke Torben , Crozier Kenneth B. , Sabri Ylias , Syed Nitu
Published: November 2023

Liquid metal‐based printing techniques are emerging as an exemplary platform for harvesting non‐layered 2D materials with a thickness down to a few nanometres, leading to an ultra‐large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio that is ideal for sensing applications. In this work, the synthesis of 2D tin dioxide (SnO2) by exfoliating the surface oxide of molten tin is reported which highlights the enhanced sensing capability of the obtained materials to ammonia (NH3) gas is reported. It is demonstrated that amperometric gas sensors based on liquid metal‐derived 2D SnO2 nanosheets can achieve excellent NH3 sensing performance at low temperature (150 °C) with and without UV light assistance. Detection over a wide range of NH3 concentrations (5–500 ppm) is observed, revealing a limit of detection at the parts per billion (ppb) level. The 2D SnO2 nanosheets also feature excellent cross‐interference performance toward different organic and inorganic gas species, showcasing a high selectivity. Further, ab initio DFT calculations reveal the NH3 adsorption mechanism is dominated by chemisorption with a charge transfer into 2D SnO2 nanosheets. In addition, a proof of concept for prototype flexible ammonia sensors is demonstrated by depositing 2D SnO2 on a polyimide substrate, signifying the high potential of employing liquid metal printed SnO2 for realizing wearable gas sensors.
Nanomesh‐YOLO: Intelligent Colorimetry E‐Skin Based on Nanomesh and Deep Learning Object Detection Algorithm
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Xu Siye , Liu Haidong , Liu Chang , Liu Houfang , Chen Jiyang , Huang Hexiang , Gong Haoyu , Wu Jingzhi , Tang Hao , Luo Jinan , Wen Baohua , Zhou Jianhua , Qiao Yancong
Published: November 2023

Perspiration is an important physiological process that maintains thermal homeostasis and water–salt balance. However, the collection and analysis of perspiration currently rely on microfluidic technology and colorimetric assays. The complexity and high cost of fabricating microfluidic channels and the insecurity of chemical reagents for color reactions should be optimized. In this work, a colorimetry electronic skin (e‐skin) for intelligent perspiration monitoring has been realized. The colorimetry e‐skin system consists of the polyurethane (PU) nanomesh and the object detection algorithm You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3). Due to the 44% porosity of the PU nanomesh and capillary action, the low‐cost PU nanomesh (<1 cent) can be used as the colorimetric indicator. The volume of the PU nanomesh expands to 362.37% as a result of perspiration being absorbed and changes the optical transmittance (up to 277.78%). A finite element model based on capillary action has been proposed to explain the change in optical transmittance. Finally, a database containing 735 images has been built, and the object detection algorithm YOLOv3 is used to analyze the perspiration absorbed by the PU nanomesh. The detection results can identify the perspiration volume with a high accuracy of 97%. These results show that this work has great potential in healthcare field.
Targeting Hypoxic Tumor Plasticity for Recapturing Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy Sensitivity via Fluorinated Polysensitizers
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Tang Lin , Yu Changyuan , Xiao Haihua , Liu Chaoyong
Published: November 2023

Metabolic reprogramming is a key characteristics of tumor cells, mainly manifested by abnormal metabolism and tumor hypoxia. Here, the design of PolyFBODIPY characterized by the presence of BODIPY photosensitizers, fluorinated aliphatic chains as Oxygen affinity materials, and reactive oxygen species‐sensitive thioketal linkers is reported. PolyFBODIPY subsequently self‐assembles into NP@PolyFBODIPY which is capable of delivering oxygen and photosensitizers simultaneously and generating ROS under light irradiation, resulting in rapid polymer degradation and nanoparticle dissociation via breaking ROS‐sensitive thiol ketal linkers. NP@PolyFBODIPY can target hypoxic tumor plasticity to reprogram metabolism for recapturing photodynamic‐immunotherapy sensitivity for completely inhibiting tumor growth on multi‐drug‐resistant patient‐derived lung cancer xenografts (PDXMDR). Moreover, NP@PolyFBODIPY‐mediated photodynamic‐immunotherapy activates antitumor immune responses and effectively inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis on an orthotropic metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer model. Mechanistically, metabolomics and lipidomics analysis reveals that NP@PolyFBODIPY‐mediated photodynamic‐immunotherapy not only destroys the redox state of cancer cells, but also affects the metabolism of lipid, amino acid, and d‐glutamine, thereby finally promoting autophagy and apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. These results highlight the potential of clinical translation of NP@PolyFBODIPY in targeting hypoxic tumor plasticity via oxygen supply, which reprograms the cellular metabolism for recapturing photodynamic‐immunotherapy sensitivity.
P. pavoninus‐Inspired Smart Slips Marine Antifouling Coating Based on Coumarin: Antifouling Durability and Adaptive Adjustability of Lubrication
Authors: Tong Zheming , Guo Hongyu , Di Zhigang , Chen Sifan , Song Lina , Hu Jiankun , Hou Yang , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua
Published: November 2023

Slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) is received widespread attention in the antifouling field because of its dynamic slippery surface, but the limited effect of physical “anti‐adherence” and the problem of lubricant loss restrict its application for practical marine antifouling. Inspired by the self‐defensive function of P. pavoninus’s poisonous mucus, a SLIPS based on the reversible chemical bonds and the antibacterial effect of coumarin (CmSLIPS) is prepared, which addresses these disadvantages by responsively adaptive lubricity and durability. The CmSLIPS enables the “locking” and “unlocking” mode between lubricant and matrix via the reversible photodimerization of coumarin. It regulates the surface lubricity to adapt to the antifouling demand. The reversible chemical bonds of lubricant and matrix reduce lubricant loss and enhance the lubricant stability and antifouling durability. In addition to the physical anti‐adhesive barrier of SLIPS, the excellent antimicrobial property of coumarin groups further enhances the “biocidal” antifouling effect to improve long‐term antifouling durability. In summary, the CmSLIPS has surface stability, durability, responsively adaptive lubricity, efficient self‐cleaning, anti‐protein, anti‐bacterial, anti‐algae, self‐healing (92.85%) properties and 150‐day marine field antifouling performance during boom seasons, which maintains the satisfactory antifouling performance in the harsh marine environment and demonstrates the promising application in neritic sea equipment.
The Role of 3D Printing Technologies in Soft Grippers
Authors: Xin Yangyang , Zhou Xinran , Bark Hyunwoo , Lee Pooi See
Published: November 2023

Soft grippers are essential for precise and gentle handling of delicate, fragile, and easy‐to‐break objects, such as glassware, electronic components, food items, and biological samples, without causing any damage or deformation. This is especially important in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture, food handling, and biomedical, where accuracy, safety, and preservation of the objects being handled are critical. This article reviews the use of 3D printing technologies in soft grippers, including those made of functional materials, nonfunctional materials, and those with sensors. 3D printing processes that can be used to fabricate each class of soft grippers are discussed. Available 3D printing technologies that are often used in soft grippers are primarily extrusion‐based printing (fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing), jet‐based printing (polymer jet), and immersion printing (stereolithography and digital light processing). The materials selected for fabricating soft grippers include thermoplastic polymers, UV‐curable polymers, polymer gels, soft conductive composites, and hydrogels. It is conclude that 3D printing technologies revolutionize the way soft grippers are being fabricated, expanding their application domains and reducing the difficulties in customization, fabrication, and production.
The Emerging Landscape for Combating Resistance Associated with Energy‐Based Therapies via Nanomedicine
Authors: Hu Qitao , Zuo Huali , Hsu Jessica C. , Zeng Cheng , Tian Zhou , Sun Zhouyi , Cai Weibo , Tang Zhe , Chen Weiyu
Published: November 2023

Cancer represents a serious disease with significant implications for public health, imposing substantial economic burden and negative societal consequences. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy, energy‐based therapies (ET) based on athermal and thermal ablation provide distinct advantages, including minimally invasive procedures and rapid postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, due to the complex pathophysiology of many solid tumors, the therapeutic effectiveness of ET is often limited. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities by enabling facile material designs, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility, thereby further augmenting the outcomes of ET. Numerous nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to overcome intrinsic therapeutic resistance associated with ET, leading to improved antitumor responses. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes the underlying mechanisms of ET‐associated resistance (ETR) and highlights representative applications of nanoplatforms used to mitigate ETR. Overall, this review emphasizes the recent advances in the field and presents a detailed account of novel nanomaterial designs in combating ETR, along with efforts aimed at facilitating their clinical translation.
High‐Reversibility Sulfur Anode for Advanced Aqueous Battery
Authors: Chen Qianru , Hao Junnan , Zhang Shaojian , Tian Zhihao , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: November 2023

Despite being extensively explored as cathodes in batteries, sulfur (S) can function as a low‐potential anode by changing charge carriers in electrolytes. Here, a highly reversible S anode that fully converts from S80 to S2− in static aqueous S–I2 batteries by using Na+ as the charge carrier is reported. This S anode exhibits a low potential of −0.5 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode) and a near‐to‐theoretical capacity of 1404 mA h g−1. Importantly, it shows significant advantages over the widely used Zn anode in aqueous media by obviating dendrite formation and H2 evolution. To suppress “shuttle effects” faced by both S and I2 electrodes, a scalable sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) membrane is proposed, which is superior to commercial Nafion in cost (US$1.82 m−2 vs $3500 m−2) and environmental benignity. Because of its ultra‐high selectivity in blocking polysulfides/iodides, the battery with SPSF displays excellent cycling stability. Even under 100% depth of discharge, the battery demonstrates high capacity retention of 87.6% over 500 cycles, outperforming Zn–I2 batteries with 3.1% capacity under the same conditions. These findings broaden anode options beyond metals for high‐energy, low‐cost, and fast‐chargeable batteries.
Correlating Single‐Atomic Ruthenium Interdistance with Long‐Range Interaction Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Zhu Jiawei , Xia Zhenzhi , Lyu Jiahui , Li Xingchuan , Zheng Lirong , Chen Cheng , Chaemchuen Somboon , Bu Tongle , Verpoort Francis , Mu Shichun , Wu Jinsong , Wang John , Kou Zongkui
Published: November 2023

Correlated single‐atom catalysts (c‐SACs) with tailored intersite metal–metal interactions are superior to conventional catalysts with isolated metal sites. However, precise quantification of the single‐atomic interdistance (SAD) in c‐SACs is not yet achieved, which is essential for a crucial understanding and remarkable improvement of the correlated metal‐site‐governed catalytic reaction kinetics. Here, three Ru c‐SACs are fabricated with precise SAD using a planar organometallic molecular design and π–π molecule–carbon nanotube confinement. This strategy results in graded SAD from 2.4 to 9.3 Å in the Ru c‐SACs, wherein tailoring the Ru SAD into 7.0 Å generates an exceptionally high turnover frequency of 17.92 H2 s−1 and a remarkable mass activity of 100.4 A mg−1 under 50 and 100 mV overpotentials, respectively, which is superior to all the Ru‐based catalysts reported previously. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations confirm that Ru SAD has a negative correlation with its d‐band center owing to the long‐range interactions induced by distinct local atomic geometries, resulting in an appropriate electrostatic potential and the highest catalytic activity on c‐SACs with 7.0 Å Ru SAD. The present study promises an attractive methodology for experimentally quantifying the metal SAD to provide valuable insights into the catalytic mechanism of c‐SACs.
Blue Light‐Promoted Synthesis of Thiochromenopyrroledione Derivatives via Titanium Dioxide‐Catalyzed Dual Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation with Thioanisole and Maleimide Derivatives
Authors: Kanti Roy Pijush , Okunaka Sayuri , Tokudome Hiromasa , Hitomi Yutaka
Published: November 2023

Under anaerobic conditions, thioanisole derivatives bearing a thiomethyl group participated in dual carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions with maleimide derivatives in the presence of titanium dioxide. Blue light irradiation facilitated these reactions, producing thiochromenopyrroledione derivatives and nearly equimolar quantities of succinimide derivatives. Specifically, a thiochromenopyrroledione derivative formed from thioanisole and N‐benzylmaleimide was achieved with a 43% yield after 12 hours of blue light exposure (>420 nm), approaching its theoretical maximum yield of 50%. Without titanium dioxide, the reaction remained dormant. Our investigations with five varieties of 4‐substituted thioanisoles and four N‐substituted maleimides as precursors resulted in the synthesis of 20 distinct thiochromenopyrroledione derivatives with moderate to high yields. From observed substituent effects, we postulate that this reaction proceeds through a charge transfer from thioanisole to the conduction band of titanium dioxide during blue light irradiation, initiating the one‐electron oxidation of thioanisole and subsequent generation of α‐thioalkyl radicals via deprotonation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed S‐Allylation of Vinyl Carbinols – Total Syntheses of Carotenoids by Julia‐Kocienski Olefination
Authors: Golikov Aleksei N. , Seo Chibeom , Hwan Lee Jae , Koo Sangho
Published: November 2023

Palladium catalyzed S‐allylation of vinyl carbinols from ionones (or conjugated carbonyls) with 2‐mercapto‐1,3‐benzothiazole (BT‐SH) provides versatile C15 dienyl benzothiazolyl (BT) sulfides. This Pd(dppe)Cl2‐catalyzed S‐allylation is highly selective for free allylic alcohols in the presence of allylic acetates, resulting in 3‐ or 4‐acetoxy C15 dienyl BT‐sulfides suitable for xanthophyll synthesis. The corresponding C15 dienyl BT‐sulfones undergo Julia‐Kocienski olefination reactions with C10 2,7‐dimethyl‐2,4,6‐octatrienedial under mild conditions to produce carotenoids natural products. Efficient synthesis is achieved for a range of carotenoids including xanthophylls such as iso‐zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein as well as carotenes like β‐carotene, ϵ‐carotene, and 9′‐Z‐phenyl‐carotene.
Activity Restoration of Pt–Ni Octahedron via Phase Recovery for Anion Exchange Membrane‐Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells
Authors: Oh Cheoulwoo , Han Man Ho , Ko Young‐Jin , Cho Jun Sik , Pin Min Wook , Strasser Peter , Choi Jae‐Young , Kim Hansung , Choi Chang Hyuck , Lee Woong Hee , Oh Hyung‐Suk
Published: November 2023

Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) offer a cost‐effective solution for energy conversion by functioning as both fuel cells and electrolyzers. Anion‐exchange membrane‐based URFCs (AEM‐URFCs) require bifunctional electrocatalysts, such as Pt–Ir alloys, for the oxygen evolution reaction (water electrolysis mode) and oxygen reduction reaction (fuel cell mode). However, the low stability of Pt in alkaline media and the high cost of Ir remain challenges for the widespread application of these URFCs. In this study, a Pt–Ni octahedral alloy is synthesized to replace Ir with Ni as the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. The alloying effect of Pt–Ni inhibits the dissolution of Pt and transforms PtOx to metallic Pt via a recovery process, thereby providing a new operational strategy for improving the durability of AEM‐URFCs. Remarkably, the performance of the AEM‐URFC single cell is maintained over ten cycles after the recovery process, demonstrating the viability of this approach for long‐term operations. These findings pave the way for broader applications and advancements of AEM‐URFCs.
Hierarchically Multiscale Vertically Oriented NiFeCo Nanoflakes for Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution at High Current Densities
Authors: Riaz Asim , Fusco Zelio , Kremer Felipe , Gupta Bikesh , Zhang Doudou , Jagadish Chennupati , Tan Hark Hoe , Karuturi Siva
Published: November 2023

Crucial advancements in versatile catalyst systems capable of achieving high current densities under industrial conditions, bridging the gap between fundamental understanding and practical applications, are pivotal to propel the hydrogen economy forward. In this study, vertically oriented hierarchically multiscale nanoflakes of NiFeCo electrocatalysts are presented, developed by surface modification of a porous substrate with nano‐structured nickel. The resulting electrodes achieve remarkably low overpotentials of 139 mV at 10 mAcm−2 and 248 mV at 500 mAcm−2. Further, scaled‐up electrodes are implemented in a water‐splitting electrolyser device exhibiting a stable voltage of 1.82 V to deliver a constant current density of 500 mA cm−2 for over 17 days. Moreover, the role of the unique structures on electrochemical activity is systematically investigated by fractal analysis, involving computation of structure factors such as Minkowski connectivity, fractal dimension, and porosity using scanning electron microscope images. It is found that such structures offer higher surface area than typical layered double hydroxide structures due to morphological coherence that results in a superhydrophilic surface, while the base Ni layer boosts the charge transfer. This study demonstrates a Ni/NiFeCo(OH)x heterostructure with highly porous morphology, a key to unlocking extremely efficient oxygen evolution reaction activity with exceptional stability. Moreover, fractal analysis is presented as a valuable tool to evaluate the electrochemical performance of catalysts for their structured morphology.
Then and now: A 50‐year retrospective thematic analysis of Society for Community Research and Action presidential addresses
Authors: Nettles Christopher D. , Schlehofer Michèle M. , Buckingham Sara L. , Brookins Craig (Kwesi) , Flores Yvette G. , Kelly Amber E.
Published: November 2023

The Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) is the primary professional home for community psychologists in the United States and increasingly around the world. Since the formation of the American Psychological Association Division 27: Community Psychology in 1966, now SCRA, 54 people have served in the Presidential role. Presidential leaders' annual addresses both reflect the current state of the field and have the ability to shape the future of both SCRA as an organization and community psychology as a discipline given their positions as leaders. This commentary explores the trajectory of SCRA as an organization via 33 available presidential addresses, 28 of which were published in the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP). Using thematic analysis and drawing on both dialectical and life cycle organizational processes, three periods of SCRA and community psychology more broadly were identified: defining community psychology, applying community psychology, and re‐imagining community psychology. Themes speak to tensions between the ideals of the society and the work of the society. We conclude by offering a series of questions for consideration as SCRA positions itself for the future.
Ambient Phosphor with High Efficiency and Long Lifetime in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Through Charge‐Transfer‐Mediated Triplet Exciton Formation for Photolithography Applications
Authors: Liu Ruyi , Liu Chuanhao , Fu Caixia , Zhu Zhenzhen , Chen Kuan , Li Chuan , Wang Lingjie , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun
Published: November 2023

Currently, purely organic compounds showing ambient phosphorescence with high efficiency (ΦP) and ultra‐long lifetime (τP) are quite rare and often need to be achieved in hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hosts. This severely limits their applications. Here, we provide a solution to this issue by constructing an ortho‐linked donor‐acceptor (D−A) dyad whose D moiety has not only a long‐lived T1 state to achieve a long τP, but also a Tn state that is close to the S1 state of the dyad to trigger effective spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC). The rationality of this strategy was validated by a new phosphor OF‐BCz that is able to show a τP of 1.92 s and a ΦP of 30 % even in a less rigid matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Excitingly, OF‐BCz exhibited its potential as both a photocuring initiator and an in situ quality indicator, allowing for the visual detection of defects in photolithographic patterning.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylative Cyclization of 1,6‐Diynes to Access Atropisomerically Labile Chiral Dienes
Authors: Hu Panjie , Hu Lingfei , Li Xiao‐Xi , Pan Mengxiao , Lu Gang , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2023

Axially chiral open‐chained olefins are an underexplored class of atropisomers, whose enantioselective synthesis represents a daunting challenge due to their relatively low racemization barrier. We herein report rhodium(I)‐catalyzed hydroarylative cyclization of 1,6‐diynes with three distinct classes of arenes, enabling highly enantioselective synthesis of a broad range of axially chiral 1,3‐dienes that are conformationally labile (ΔG≠(rac)=26.6–28.0 kcal/mol). The coupling reactions in each category proceeded with excellent enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, and Z/E selectivity under mild reaction conditions. Computational studies of the coupling of quinoline N‐oxide system reveal that the reaction proceeds via initial oxidative cyclization of the 1,6‐diyne to give a rhodacyclic intermediate, followed by σ‐bond metathesis between the arene C−H bond and the Rh−C(vinyl) bond, with subsequent C−C reductive elimination being enantio‐determining and turnover‐limiting. The DFT‐established mechanism is consistent with the experimental studies. The coupled products of quinoline N‐oxides undergo facile visible light‐induced intramolecular oxygen‐atom transfer, affording chiral epoxides with complete axial‐to‐central chirality transfer.
Evidence of gel effect and living free radicals in particles: Soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene by using 2,2'‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)
Authors: Zhu Bing , Ni Henmei
Published: November 2023

Batch, in situ seeded and stepwise dosing monomer, and normal seeded soap‐free emulsion polymerizations (SFEP) of styrene were carried out by using the oil‐soluble 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the experimental results. Typical auto‐accelerative effect in the bulk free‐radical polymerization was also observed in the macro‐kinetics of batch SFEP at 60 and 65°C. Flat‐roof GPC curves appeared at the post‐auto‐acceleration. In addition, in particles exhibited a positive relationship with the size of particles. The bigger size the larger . In the in situ seeded polymerization, the flat‐roof GPC curves of seed turned into the asymmetric Gaussian type exhibiting the great increase of the fraction of larger with the sequential addition of styrene. In addition, the number of seeds was kept constant throughout the polymerization. It indicated that the free radicals were generated and confined in the growing particles. In the normal seeded polymerization, showed a strong dependence on the average assigned amount of St per seed particle. The more monomers per seed particle the larger was gained. Based on these results, it was postulated that the free radicals were living due to the gel effect occurring in particles, namely that the free radicals were segregated by the dry polymer chains. The kinetics model was also given based on the microdroplets theory.
A saurischian (Archosauria, Dinosauria) ilium from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil and the rise of Herrerasauria
Authors: Garcia Mauricio Silva , Cabreira Sérgio Furtado , da Silva Lúcio Roberto , Pretto Flávio Augusto , Müller Rodrigo Temp
Published: November 2023

The Carnian (Upper Triassic) rocks of the Candelária Sequence present a rich record of dinosaurs, including some of the oldest known dinosaurs worldwide. In this contribution we describe the first unequivocal dinosaur from the Pivetta site, located in the Restinga Sêca municipality, Southern Brazil. The specimen CAPPA/UFSM 0373 is an isolated but well‐preserved left ilium. A thorough examination of the specimen's anatomy and a phylogenetic analysis provides evidence that CAPPA/UFSM 0373 belongs to the Herrerasauria. We were able to identify several similarities with potential non‐herrerasaurid herrerasaurians (e.g., Tawa hallae, “Caseosaurus crosbyensis”), which were previously only known from North American deposits. In contrast, herrerasaurids (e.g., Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis) are almost exclusively known from South America. Our results support the nesting of CAPPA/UFSM 0373 as an early‐diverging herrerasaurian. Furthermore, this is potentially the first record of a non‐herrerasaurid herrerasaurian in unambiguous Carnian beds, suggesting a hidden diversity of dinosaurs in the Carnian rocks of the Candelária Sequence, which can be revealed even by fragmentary specimens.
Information practices in data analytics for supporting public health surveillance
Authors: Zhang Dan , Pee Loo G. , Pan Shan L. , Wang Jingyuan
Published: November 2023

Public health surveillance based on data analytics plays a crucial role in detecting and responding to public health crises, such as infectious disease outbreaks. Previous information science research on the topic has focused on developing analytical algorithms and visualization tools. This study seeks to extend the research by investigating information practices in data analytics for public health surveillance. Through a case study of how data analytics was conducted for surveilling Influenza A and COVID‐19 outbreaks, both exploration information practices (i.e., probing, synthesizing, exchanging) and exploitation information practices (i.e., scavenging, adapting, outreaching) were identified and detailed. These findings enrich our empirical understanding of how data analytics can be implemented to support public health surveillance.
Post‐secondary vocational education for youth leaving care: Examining a potential pathway to successful outcomes
Authors: Collins Mary Elizabeth , Augsberger Astraea , Howard Riana
Published: November 2023

Post‐secondary educational outcomes for care‐experienced youth are poor. This has been a consistent finding across studies in many countries. Most studies do not distinguish between different types of post‐secondary educational pathways and outcomes, however. There has been limited attention to the potential for post‐secondary vocational education (PSVE) as a viable educational path that may lead to positive employment and social outcomes. In this paper we examine PSVE for care leavers by reviewing available data, examining policy context and utilising relevant theories. We offer next steps in policy, practice and theory development.
Virtual Screening Assisted Search for Inhibitors of the Translocated Intimin Receptor of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Pylkkö Tuomas , Tomašič Tihomir , Poso Antti , Tammela Päivi
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to identify inhibitors of the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). EPEC is an intestinal pathogen that causes diarrhea and is a major health concern worldwide. Because Tir is a key virulence factor involved in EPEC pathogenesis, inhibiting its function is a potential strategy for controlling EPEC infections. Virtual screening was applied to chemical libraries to search for compounds that inhibit Tir‐mediated bacterial adherence to host cells. Three sites were targeted using the cocrystal structure published earlier. A selection of compounds was then assessed in a cell‐based infection model and fluorescence microscopy assay. The results of this study provide a basis for further optimization and testing of Tir inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for EPEC infections.
Recurrent left ischemic stroke in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Aryal Ananda , Aryal Anita , Kshetri Dipika , Karki Sagun , Khadka Sabina
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Some studies have manifested the relationship between SLE and stroke. Therefore, it is very important to pay close attention to the diagnosis of SLE in recurring stroke. In our case, her recurrent stroke attack might be due to the undiagnosed cause of SLE.

An ischemic stroke is a medical emergency condition which occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked. Early action is needed; therefore, time is crucial. SLE is an autoimmune disease with multiple joint pain, fever, rashes, and organ damage. We report an old lady who was recently diagnosed with SLE with multiple stroke attack. Although she was diagnosed with SLE much later there was a suspicious about the possible mechanism for her recurrent ischemic stroke. She was given antiplatelet, antiepileptic, antihypertensive, and hydroxychloroquine medicines for the treatment. The neurological symptoms improved only after we provided physiotherapy.
An In Crystallo Reaction with an Engineered Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase**
Authors: Lee Joel H. Z. , Bruning John B. , Bell Stephen G.
Published: November 2023

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are a class of heme‐thiolate enzymes that insert oxygen into unactivated C−H bonds. These enzymes can be converted into peroxygenases via protein engineering, which enables their activity to occur using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) without the requirement for additional nicotinamide co‐factors or partner proteins. Here, we demonstrate that soaking crystals of an engineered P450 peroxygenase with H2O2 enables the enzymatic reaction to occur within the crystal. Crystals of the designed P450 peroxygenase, the T252E mutant of CYP199A4, in complex with 4‐methoxybenzoic acid were soaked with different concentrations of H2O2 for varying times to initiate the in crystallo O‐demethylation reaction. Crystal structures of T252E‐CYP199A4 showed a distinct loss of electron density that was consistent with the O‐demethylated metabolite, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid. A new X‐ray crystal structure of this enzyme with the 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid product was obtained to enable comparison alongside the existing substrate‐bound structure. The visualisation of enzymatic catalysis in action is challenging in structural biology and the ability to initiate the reactions of P450 enzymes, in crystallo by simply soaking crystals with H2O2 will enable new structural biology methods and techniques to be applied to study their mechanism of action.