bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment and survival of coastal mangrove trees under mechanical disturbances
Authors:   , van Hespen Rosanna
Published: March 2023

Coastal flood risk will increase over the coming decades as sea level rise accelerates,
storm patterns change and coastal populations grow. This will likely lead to
a surge in costs to build and maintain reliable flood safety infrastructure. Hence,
innovative nature-based solutions that use coastal ecosystems are gaining attention.
Nature-based flood defence is a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to
reduce coastal flood risk, that can be carried out with ecosystems such as mangrove
forests, saltmarshes or coral reefs. Mangrove forests are increasingly
studied for nature-based flood defence across the subtropical and tropical latitudes,
as their sturdy vegetation can effectively attenuate flow energy from waves – surge
attenuation with mangroves remains less well understood. Wider and denser forests
provide more wave attenuation. As mangroves naturally fluctuate in size, so does
their wave attenuation capacity. Consequently, to reliably estimate the safety of a mangrove-based flood defence, it is necessary to understand the long-term development
of the mangrove forest.

The studies presented in this thesis contribute important datasets and mechanistic
principles that can be used to advance mangrove forest development models
and estimate long-term flood protection capacity with coastal mangroves.
Prenatal Exposure to Acrylamide Differently Affected the Sex Ratio, Aromatase and Apoptosis in Female Adult Offspring of Two Subsequent Generations
Authors: ARAFAH M , ALDAWOOD N , ALREZAKI A , NAHDI S , ALWASEL S , MANSOUR L , HARRATH A
Published: March 2023

In the present study, we investigated the effect of acrylamide (ACR) exposure during pregnancy on the ovary of female adult offspring of two subsequent generations. Sixty-day-old Wistar albino female rats were given different doses of ACR (2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day) from day 6 of pregnancy until giving birth. Females from the first generation (AF1) were fed ad libitum, and thereafter, a subgroup was euthanized at 8 weeks of age and ovary samples were obtained. The remaining females were maintained until they reached sexual maturity (50 days old) and then treated in the same way as the previous generation to obtain the second generation of females (AF2). The histopathological examination indicated a high frequency of corpora lutea along with an increased number of antral follicles that reached the selectable stage mainly at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. Interestingly, ACR exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene and its corresponding CYP19 protein expression in AF1 females. The TUNEL assay showed a significantly high rate of apoptosis in stromal cells except for dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. However, in AF2 females, ACR exposure significantly increased the number of degenerating follicles and cysts while the number of growing follicles was reduced. Moreover, in both ACR-treated groups, estradiol-producing enzyme CYP19A gene and its corresponding protein were significantly reduced, and an excessive apoptosis was produced. We concluded that the ovarian condition of AF1 females had considerable similarity to the typical early perimenopausal stage, whereas that of AF2 females was similar to the late perimenopausal stage in women.
Therapeutic Effect of Whole Lung Lavage on Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Liu Pei , Zheng Hongmei , Chunyan Deng , Zeng Yanjun
Published: March 2023

Pneumoconiosis as an occupational disease is a serious threat to the health of workers. Patients with pneumoconiosis are mainly engaged in dust-related work such as gold, coal, or iron mining, electric welding, or road work, and present with miliary nodules, fuse mass-like opacities, and cavity lesions on chest imaging. Clinical manifestations of pneumoconiosis include progressive chest tightness, dyspnoea, chest pain, coughing, expectoration, fever, and hypodynamia. Pneumoconiosis patients are prone to respiratory tract infections (including bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis) because of poor disease resistance and will eventually lose the ability to work and fully function in daily life completely. Patients can lose their life because of complications such as pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure. Disease prevention is the main method to control pneumoconiosis.

We retrospectively analysed 516 cases of pneumoconiosis patients receiving whole lung lavage (WLL) procedure from May 2009–January 2015. The symptoms, pulmonary function, chest computed tomography manifestations, and living status were reviewed carefully. The improvement rate of chest tightness, chest pain, and dyspnoea was 99%, 90%, and 98%, respectively, 7 days after WLL procedure. The symptoms had improved in 235 patients at 3–6 months postoperatively. The therapeutic effect remained stable in 56 cases after 4–5 years. Chest tightness, chest pain, and dyspnoea were improved significantly, and pulmonary diffusion function and small airway resistance also improved. There was no progress in 62 patients 4–5 years postoperatively, as indicated by the chest computed tomography examination. Overall, WLL treatment is an effective method for treating pneumoconiosis.
Periarticular muscle status affects in vivo tibio-femoral joint loads after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Winkler Tobias , Bell Louisa , Bender Alwina , Trepczynski Adam , Duda Georg N. , Baur Alexander J. D. , Damm Philipp
Published: March 2023

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly effective treatment for severe knee osteoarthritis that is increasingly performed in younger, more active patients. As postoperative muscular impairments may negatively affect surgical outcomes and implant longevity, functional muscle recovery gains increasing importance in meeting future patient demands. This study aimed to assess the status of periarticular muscles in the long-term follow-up after TKA and to evaluate its impact on in vivo tibio-femoral joint loads.

Methods: A case series was created, with eight patients with knee osteoarthritis. All subjects received an instrumented knee implant in unilateral TKA. Native computed tomography scans, acquired pre and postoperatively, were used to evaluate distal muscle volumes and fatty infiltration. In vivo tibio-femoral joint loads were measured telemetrically during standing, walking, stair climbing and chair rising and were correlated to muscle status.

Results: Postoperatively a reduction in fatty infiltration across all periarticular muscles was pronounced. High average peak loads acted in the tibio-femoral joint ranging from 264% during stand-to-sit activities up to 341% body weight (BW) during stair descent. Fatty infiltration of the m. quadriceps femoris and hamstrings were associated with increased tibio-femoral joint contact forces during walking (r = 0.542; 0.412 and 0.766).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that a fatty infiltration of periarticular muscles may lead to increased tibio-femoral joint contact forces. However, we only observed weak correlations between these parameters. Improvements in functional mobility and the restoration of a pain-free joint likely explain the observed postoperative reductions in fatty infiltration. Perioperative rehabilitation approaches targeting residual impairments in muscle quality could, contribute to reduced tibio-femoral joint loads and improved long-term outcomes of TKA. However, it has to be pointed out that the study included a small number of patients, which may limit its validity.
Targeting the BRCA1/2 deficient cancer with PARP inhibitors: Clinical outcomes and mechanistic insights
Authors: Ragupathi Ashwin , Singh Manrose , Perez Alexis M. , Zhang Dong
Published: March 2023

BRCA1 and BRCA2 play a critical role in a variety of molecular processes related to DNA metabolism, including homologous recombination and mediating the replication stress response. Individuals with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes have a significantly higher risk of developing various types of cancers, especially cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, and prostate. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four PARP inhibitors (PARPi) to treat cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. In this review, we will first summarize the clinical outcomes of the four FDA-approved PARPi in treating BRCA1/2 deficient cancers. We will then discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that the cytotoxic effect of PARPi is likely due to inducing excessive replication stress at the difficult-to-replicate (DTR) genomic regions in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. Finally, we will discuss the ongoing preclinical and clinical studies on how to combine the PARPi with immuno-oncology drugs to further improve clinical outcomes.
Progress of polymer-based strategies in fungal disease management: Designed for different roles
Authors: Wu Siyu , Guo Wenlai , Li Bo , Zhou Huidong , Meng Hongqi , Sun Junyi , Li Ruiyan , Guo Deming , Zhang Xi , Li Rui , Qu Wenrui
Published: March 2023

Fungal diseases have posed a great challenge to global health, but have fewer solutions compared to bacterial and viral infections. Development and application of new treatment modalities for fungi are limited by their inherent essential properties as eukaryotes. The microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analyze are limited by their proliferation rates. Moreover, there are currently no vaccines for prevention. Polymer science and related interdisciplinary technologies have revolutionized the field of fungal disease management. To date, numerous advanced polymer-based systems have been developed for management of fungal diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. In this review, we provide an overview of current needs and advances in polymer-based strategies against fungal diseases. We high light various treatment modalities. Delivery systems of antifungal drugs, systems based on polymers’ innate antifungal activities, and photodynamic therapies each follow their own mechanisms and unique design clues. We also discuss various prevention strategies including immunization and antifungal medical devices, and further describe point-of-care testing platforms as futuristic diagnostic and monitoring tools. The broad application of polymer-based strategies for both public and personal health management is prospected and integrated systems have become a promising direction. However, there is a gap between experimental studies and clinical translation. In future, well-designed in vivo trials should be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and explore the efficacy as well as biosafety of polymer-based products.
Role of noncoding RNAs in cardiac ageing
Authors: Varghese Lijo N. , Schwenke Daryl O. , Katare Rajesh
Published: March 2023

The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
Resercoir space characteristics and pore structure of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale reservoir in Sichuan Basin, China: Insights into controlling factors
Authors: Lai Qiang , Qi Lin , Chen Shi , Ma Shaoguang , Zhou Yuanzhi , Fang Pingchao , Yu Rui , Li Shuang , Huang Jun , Zheng Jie
Published: March 2023

The Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale oil is the most potential exploration target of unconventional hydrocarbon resource in Southwest China. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA), and high pressure mercury intrusion mercury injection capillary pressure are intergrated to reveal pore structure and its controlling factors of Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale reservoir. Results indicate that three types of lithology combination are classified in the Jurassic Liangggaoshan lacustrine shale reservoir. Type A comprises pure shale. Type B is characterized by frequent shell limestone interbedding. Type C is characterized by frequent siltstone interbedding. The Type C shale is characterized by relatively high proportion of organic pores, high development and good connectivity of nanopores, and highest pore volume and Surface area. The nanopores of Lianggaoshan lacustrine shales are mainly dominated by mesopores and part of the macropores. Among them, the PV and SA are both mainly dominated by micropores. The enrichment of organic matter has little effect on the development of micropores, and does not affect the mesopore and macropore development. Quartz particles in Lianggaoshan lacustrine shale do not clearly facilitate the development of micropore and mesopore-macropore. Intraparticle pore in feldspar clast is an important component of mesopore and macropore. Clay minerals has no positive effect on the formation of micropore and mesopore-macropore.
Exposure to PCB126 during the nursing period reversibly impacts early-life glucose tolerance
Authors: Rice Brittany B. , Sammons Keegan W. , Ngo Tenlep Sara Y. , Weltzer Madeline T. , Reynolds Leryn J. , Rashid Cetewayo S. , Swanson Hollie I. , Pearson Kevin J.
Published: March 2023

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental organic pollutants known to have detrimental health effects. Using a mouse model, we previously demonstrated that PCB126 exposure before and during pregnancy and throughout the perinatal period adversely affected offspring glucose tolerance and/or body composition profiles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose tolerance and body composition of offspring born to dams exposed to PCB126 during the nursing period only. Female ICR mice were bred, and half of the dams were exposed to either vehicle (safflower oil) or 1 µmole PCB126 per kg of body weight via oral gavage on postnatal days (PND) 3, 10, and 17 (n = 9 per group). Offspring body weight, lean and fat mass, and glucose tolerance were recorded every three weeks. PCB126 treatment did not alter dam nor offspring body weight (p > 0.05). PCB126-exposed male and female offspring displayed normal body composition (p > 0.05) relative to vehicle-exposed offspring. However, both male and female offspring that were exposed to PCB126 during the nursing period had significantly impaired glucose tolerance at 3 and 9 weeks of age (p < 0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks of age, no impairments in glucose tolerance existed in offspring (p > 0.05). Our current study demonstrates that exposure to PCB126 through the mother’s milk does not affect short- or long-term body composition but impairs glucose tolerance in the short-term.
Time-restricted feeding’s effect on overweight and obese patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4: A prospective non-randomized control pilot study
Authors: Lao Bei-ni , Luo Jiang-hong , Xu Xue-yi , Fu Li-zhe , Tang Fang , Ouyang Wen-wei , Xu Xin-zhu , Wei Meng-ting , Xiao Bing-jie , Chen Lin-yi , Wu Yi-fan , Liu Xu-sheng
Published: March 2023

Background

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has become a popular weight loss method in recent years. It is widely used in the nutritional treatment of normal obese people and obese people with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and has shown many benefits. However, most TRF studies have excluded chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, resulting in a lack of sufficient evidence-based practice for the efficacy and safety of TRF therapy for CKD. Therefore, we explore the efficacy and safety of TRF in overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe stage CKD through this pilot study, and observe patient compliance to assess the feasibility of the therapy.

Methods

This is a prospective, non-randomized controlled short-term clinical trial. We recruited overweight and obese patients with CKD stages 3-4 from an outpatient clinic and assigned them to either a TRF group or a control diet (CD) group according to their preferences. Changes in renal function, other biochemical data, anthropometric parameters, gut microbiota, and adverse events were measured before the intervention and after 12 weeks.

Results

The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after intervention in the TRF group (Δ = 3.1 ± 5.3 ml/min/1.73m2) showed significant improvement compared with the CD group (Δ = -0.8 ± 4.4 ml/min/1.73m2). Furthermore, the TRF group had a significant decrease in uric acid (Δ = -70.8 ± 124.2 μmol/L), but an increase in total protein (Δ = 1.7 ± 2.5 g/L), while the changes were inconsistent for inflammatory factors. In addition, the TRF group showed a significant decrease in body weight (Δ = -2.8 ± 2.9 kg) compared to the CD group, and body composition indicated the same decrease in body fat mass, fat free mass and body water. Additionally, TRF shifted the gut microbiota in a positive direction.

Conclusion

Preliminary studies suggest that overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe CKD with weight loss needs, and who were under strict medical supervision by healthcare professionals, performed TRF with good compliance. They did so without apparent adverse events, and showed efficacy in protecting renal function. These results may be due to changes in body composition and alterations in gut microbiota.
Molecular characterization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and medical treatment related-genes in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gil Joan , Marques-Pamies Montserrat , Valassi Elena , Serra Guillermo , Salinas Isabel , Xifra Gemma , Casano-Sancho Paula , Carrato Cristina , Biagetti Betina , Sesmilo Gemma , Marcos-Ruiz Jennifer , Rodriguez-Lloveras Helena , Rueda-Pujol Anna , Aulinas Anna , Blanco Alberto , Hostalot Cristina , Simó-Servat Andreu , Muñoz Fernando , Rico Marta , Ibáñez-Domínguez Javier , Cordero Esteban , Webb Susan M. , Jordà Mireia , Puig-Domingo Manel
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Different medical therapies have been developed for pituitary adenomas. However, Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PitNET) have shown little response to them. Furthermore, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to resistance to medical treatment in a significant number of tumors, including pituitary adenomas.

Methods

We aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT-related markers in 72 NF-PitNET and 16 non-tumoral pituitaries. To further explore the potential usefulness of medical treatment for NF-PitNET we assessed the expression of somatostatin receptors and dopamine-associated genes.

Results

We found that SNAI1, SNAI2, Vimentin, KLK10, PEBP1, Ki-67 and SSTR2 were associated with invasive NF-PitNET. Furthermore, we found that the EMT phenomenon was more common in NF-PitNET than in GH-secreting pituitary tumors. Interestingly, PEBP1 was overexpressed in recurrent NF-PitNET, and could predict growth recurrence with 100% sensitivity but only 43% specificity. In parallel with previously reported studies, SSTR3 is highly expressed in our NF-PitNET cohort. However, SSTR3 expression is highly heterogeneous among the different histological variants of NF-PitNET with very low levels in silent corticotroph adenomas.

Conclusion

NF-PitNET showed an enhanced EMT phenomenon. SSTR3 targeting could be a good therapeutic candidate in NF-PitNET except for silent corticotroph adenomas, which express very low levels of this receptor. In addition, PEBP1 could be an informative biomarker of tumor regrowth, useful for predictive medicine in NF-PitNET.
Insulin, dibutyryl-cAMP, and glucose modulate expression of patatin-like domain containing protein 7 in cultured human myotubes
Authors: Miš Katarina , Lulić Ana-Marija , Marš Tomaž , Pirkmajer Sergej , Katalinić Maja
Published: March 2023

Expression of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7), also known as neuropathy target esterase-related esterase (NRE), a lysophospholipase, increases with fasting and decreases with feeding in mouse skeletal muscle, indicating it is regulated by insulin, counterregulatory hormones, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines, and/or nutrients. In cultured mouse adipocytes insulin reduces Pnpla7 expression, underscoring the possibility that insulin regulates PNPLA7 in skeletal muscle. The first aim of this study was to establish whether PNPLA7 is functionally expressed in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. The second aim was to determine whether PNPLA7 is regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, and/or glucose. Cultured human skeletal muscle cells expressed PNPLA7 mRNA and protein. Gene silencing of PNPLA7 in myoblasts reduced the phosphorylation of 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 as well as the abundance of α1-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, indirectly suggesting that PNPLA7 is functionally important. In myotubes, insulin suppressed PNPLA7 mRNA at 1 g/L glucose, but not at low (0.5 g/L) or high (4.5 g/L) concentrations. Treatment with synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and activator of adenylyl cyclase forskolin had no effect on PNPLA7 regardless of glucose concentration, while dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, suppressed PNPLA7 mRNA at 4.5 g/L glucose. The abundance of PNPLA7 protein correlated inversely with the glucose concentrations. Collectively, our results highlight that PNPLA7 in human myotubes is regulated by metabolic signals, implicating a role for PNPLA7 in skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
Round goby [Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)], gudgeon (Gobio gobio L.) and bullhead (Cottus gobio L.) show distinct swimming patterns in a vertical slot fish pass
Authors: Wiegleb Joschka , Hirsch Philipp E. , Seidel Frank , Rauter Georg , Burkhardt-Holm Patricia
Published: March 2023

The vertical slots of fish passes represent bottlenecks that must be passed by every fish migrating upstream. The hydraulics in fish passes are well investigated but less is known about the small scale behaviour of fish while passing the vertical slot. Understanding the species-specific swimming behaviour during the passage could allow for creation of future fish passes with hydraulics adapted to the swimming requirements of desired target species. We recorded the swimming trajectories of three fish species as point coordinates per video frame using cameras. Then, two common machine learning algorithms were used to identify species characteristic swimming patterns in the trajectories. A Random Forest model trained on 21 trajectory features revealed that water discharge, the spatial trajectory position, and the trajectory length were most distinct trajectory features among species. The model identified the species with a mean F1 score of 0.86 ± 0.08 SD for round goby [Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)], 0.81 ± 0.12 SD for gudgeon (Gobio L.), and 0.58 ± 0.20 SD for bullhead (Cottus gobio L.). A Convolutional Neural Network achieved a mean F1 score of 0.89 ± 0.03 SD for round goby, 0.76 ± 0.05 SD for gudgeon, and 0.67 ± 0.02 SD for bullhead if exclusively trained on the point coordinates of the swimming trajectories. These results demonstrate that fish species exhibit distinct swimming patterns when passing through a vertical slot, and how these patterns can be used for species identification using machine learning algorithms. Because round goby achieved the highest F1 scores, we conclude that round goby showed the most characteristic swimming trajectories among the species tested. Future fish passage research should account for the individual swimming patterns of the fish in these bottleneck flow fields and on adapting the flow to the individual swimming patterns of the target fish. Flow conditions being supportive for swimming patterns of the desired fish could have the potential to improve the river connectivity and thereby support the aquatic biodiversity.
Interpopulation variation in seed traits of five Polygonaceae
Authors: Bhatt Arvind , Phartyal Shyam S. , Daibes L. Felipe , Chen Xingxing
Published: March 2023

Interpopulation variability in seed traits may drive the regeneration capacity of a species to colonize different environments. In the present study, we evaluated the variation in seed physical traits (mass / size, water imbibition, shape index) and physiological traits (germination) of five Polygonaceae species. Seeds of Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium, P. lapathifolium, Reynoutria japonica, Rumex trisetifer, and R. obtusifolius were collected from two or three populations in Jiujiang, China. Physical seed traits were measured before germination tests conducted under different combinations of light and temperatures. Most species had a significant variation in seed physical and physiological traits, although populations are geographically close. Interpopulation variation in seed traits appeared to be species-specific, with the highest variation for R. japonica and lowest for R. trisetifer seeds. Germination response to temperature and light conditions also varied among species and populations, being mostly inhibited in the dark treatments. The light dependence of germination can be related to the small seed size, except for the round-seeded Rumex, depending on the temperature regime. Optimal temperature ranges mainly varied from 10/20°C to 25/35°C, with significant decreases in germination percentage at both coolest and warmest extremes. Germination requirements seem to be related to altitudinal gradients in populations of P. lapathifolium and R. japonica seeds.
Modeling the effects of spatially explicit patterns of climate and fire on future populations of a fire-dependent plant
Authors: Backus Gregory A. , Rose Miranda Brooke , Velazco Santiago José Elías , Franklin Janet , Syphard Alexandra D. , Regan Helen M.
Published: March 2023

Many plant species are likely to face population decline or even extinction in the coming century, especially those with a limited distribution and inadequate dispersal relative to the projected rates of climate change. The obligate seeding California endemic, Ceanothus perplexans is especially at risk, and depending on how climate change interacts with altered fire regimes in Southern California, certain populations are likely to be more at risk than others. To identify which areas within the species’ range might need conservation intervention, we modeled population dynamics of C. perplexans under various climate and fire regime change scenarios, focusing on spatially explicit patterns in fire frequency. We used a species distribution model to predict the initial range and potential future habitat, while adapting a density-dependent, stage-structured population model to simulate population dynamics. As a fire-adapted obligate seeder, simulated fire events caused C. perplexans seeds to germinate, but also killed all adults in the population. Our simulations showed that the total population would likely decline under any combination of climate change and fire scenario, with the species faring best at an intermediate fire return interval of around 30–50 years. Nevertheless, while the total population declines least with a 30–50 year fire return interval, the effect of individual subpopulations varies depending on spatially explicit patterns in fire simulations. Though climate change is a greater threat to most subpopulations, increased fire frequencies particularly threatened populations in the northwest of the species’ range closest to human development. Subpopulations in the mountainous southern end of the range are likely to face the sharpest declines regardless of fire. Through a combination of species distribution modeling, fire modeling, and spatially explicit demographic simulations, we can better prepare for targeted conservation management of vulnerable species affected by global change.
Effects of photovoltaic power station construction on terrestrial ecosystems: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Tian Zhengqing , Liu Benli , Chen Shengyun , Wu Jihua
Published: March 2023

The rapid increase in construction of solar photovoltaic power stations (SPPs) has motivated ecologists to understand how these stations affect terrestrial ecosystems. Comparing study sites, effects are often not consistent, and a more systematic assessment of this topic remains lacking. Here, we evaluated the effects of SPP construction on carbon emissions, edaphic variables, microclimatic factors and vegetation characteristics in a meta-analysis. We employed log response ratios (as effect sizes) to assess how control plots differed from those beneath solar photovoltaic panels. We found that SPP construction decreased the local air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, while increasing air humidity, especially in grasslands. Furthermore, plant aboveground biomass and vegetation cover were also enhanced by SPP construction in grassland ecosystems. In farmland ecosystems, photovoltaic panel installation increased plant aboveground biomass, soil available phosphorus and soil pH, while reducing CO2 flux, plant species richness and vegetation cover in woodlands. Thus, while SPP construction had profound ecological impacts in terrestrial ecosystems, the direction and strength of these effects were largely dependent on ecosystem type. Most studies of SPP construction to date have focused on local microclimatic and plant diversity effects, but few studies have examined effects on ecosystem functions and services. Future assessments are needed of both the benefits and disbenefits of SPP construction across different ecosystems, to improve SPP site selection and adaptive management.
HIDEA syndrome: A new case report highlighting similarities with ROHHAD syndrome
Authors: Harvengt J. , Lumaka A. , Fasquelle C. , Caberg J. H. , Mastouri M. , Janssen A. , Palmeira L. , Bours V.
Published: March 2023

Context: ROHHAD syndrome presents a significant resemblance to HIDEA syndrome. The latter is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the P4HTM gene and encompasses hypotonia, intellectual disabilities, eye abnormalities, hypoventilation, and dysautonomia. We report the first patient identified with HIDEA syndrome from our ROHHAD cohort.

Clinical case: Our patient was a 21-month-old girl who had a history of severe respiratory infections requiring intensive care, hypotonia, abnormal eye movements, and rapid weight gain. Polysomnography identified severe central hypoventilation. During her follow-up, a significant psychomotor delay and the absence of language were gradually observed. The prolactin levels were initially increased. Hypothermia was reported at 4 years. Exome sequencing identified a new homozygous truncating P4HTM variant.

Discussion: Our patient met the diagnosis criteria for ROHHAD, which included rapid weight gain, central hypoventilation appearing after 1.5 years of age, hyperprolactinemia suggesting hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction manifesting as strabismus and hypothermia. However, she also presented with severe neurodevelopmental delay, which is not a classic feature of ROHHAD syndrome. HIDEA syndrome presents similarities with ROHHAD, including hypoventilation, obesity, and dysautonomia. To date, only 14% of endocrinological disturbances have been reported in HIDEA patients. Better delineation of both syndromes is required to investigate the eventual involvement of P4HTM, a regulator of calcium dynamics and gliotransmission, in ROHHAD patients.

Conclusion: In the case of clinical evidence of ROHHAD in a child with abnormal neurological development or eye abnormalities, we suggest that the P4HTM gene be systematically interrogated in addition to the analysis of the PHOX2B gene. A better delineation of the natural history of HIDEA is required to allow further comparisons between features of HIDEA and ROHHAD. The clinical similarities could potentially orient some molecular hypotheses in the field of ROHHAD research.
Perspectives on DMPA-SC for self-injection among adolescents with unmet need for contraception in Malawi
Authors: Ali Gracious , Porter Erlank Chelsey , Birhanu Frehiwot , Stanley Melinda , Chirwa Jessie , Kachale Fannie , Gunda Andrews
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Malawi has made progress in expanding access to modern contraceptive methods over the last decade, including the introduction of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous (DMPA-SC) in 2018. DMPA-SC offers women the option to self-inject at home and may benefit adolescents with unmet need for contraception due to its discretion. This qualitative study was conducted to assess perspectives and preferences of adolescents with unmet need for contraception regarding the self-injection option of DMPA-SC in Malawi.

Methods

Six focus group discussions were conducted involving 36 adolescents with unmet need for contraception (aged between 15 and 19 years, married and never-married) in October 2021 in three districts in Malawi. Data were coded inductively and analyzed thematically, using Dedoose software. Two validation workshops were conducted with other adolescents with unmet need in February 2022 to elucidate the preliminary findings.

Results

DMPA-SC attributes such as discretion and reduced facility visits were ranked most appealing by both married and never-married adolescents, particularly for adolescents needing covert contraception use. Concerns about self-injection included fear of pain, injury, and doubt in ability to self-inject. Never-married adolescents had additional concerns around privacy at home if using covertly, and fears of affecting long-term fertility. Overall, health surveillance assistants (community-based healthcare workers) were voted to be the most private, convenient, and affordable sources for potential DMPA-SC self-injection training.

Conclusion

Self-injection of DMPA-SC may offer an appealing option for adolescents in Malawi, aligning most closely to the needs of married adolescents who may wish to delay or space pregnancies conveniently and discreetly, and who also may face fewer access barriers to receiving self-injection training from health care providers. Access barriers including stigma and concerns about privacy at home for adolescents needing to use contraception covertly would need to be adequately addressed if never-married adolescents were to consider taking up this option.
Gender-based violence, religion and forced displacement: Protective and risk factors
Authors: Pertek Sandra , Block Karen , Goodson Lisa , Hassan Pakinam , Hourani Jeanine , Phillimore Jenny
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This paper examines the relationship between gender-based violence (GBV) and religion in a range of forced displacement contexts. While it has been acknowledged that religion frequently shapes experiences of GBV survivors, little is known about the influences of religion on GBV experiences in forced displacement and its potential role in strengthening interventions.

Methods

Utilizing empirical evidence from 58 interviews from the SEREDA project with forced migrants in Sweden, UK, Turkey and Australia, we outline the interactions between religious resources and GBV in migrants' forced displacement experiences. We conceptualise religious resources as comprising religious ideas, religious practices, religious experience and religious organization.

Results

Survivors talked about religion spontaneously when responding to questions relating to resilience, coping mechanisms, and risk factors. Religion acted as both a “protective” and “risk” factor for GBV experiences. Religious beliefs were assets in coping with GBV experiences, but also contributed to creating an environment in which violence was normalized, exposing women to further harm. Religious practices supported survivors emotionally to cope with GBV but also some practices posed risks. Religious organizations in many cases served as a lifeline for many displaced women, offering practical and emotional support, however religious leaders at times encouraged survivors to stay in abusive relationships. Religious experiences “empowered” and “disempowered” survivors across the processes of forced migration.

Discussion

We demonstrate the relevance and importance of acknowledging the role of religion in the experiences of GBV in forced displacement. Our analysis advances the understanding of religious resources as both protective and risk factors that affect forced migrants' experiences of GBV over time and place. We suggest a way forward for practitioners and researchers to account for the roles of religion in experiences of GBV and forced displacement, as opportunities and barriers to GBV prevention and response, and to work with religious leaders and local faith communities to strengthen protection of survivors.
Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Long Zhiyong , Xiang Wang , He Qi , Xiao Wei , Wei Huagen , Li Hao , Guo Hua , Chen Yuling , Yuan Mengxia , Yuan Xiao , Zeng Liuting , Yang Kailin , Deng Yuxuan , Huang Zhen
Published: March 2023

Objective

To evaluate safety and efficacy of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

CNKI, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of RA. The databases were searched from the time of their establishment to November 8nd, 2022. After 2 reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software.

Results

A total of 49 records (47 RCTs) were finally included, involving 3852 participants and 15 types of dietary polyphenols (Cinnamon extract, Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Curcumin, Garlic extract, Ginger extract, Hesperidin, Olive oil, Pomegranate extract, Puerarin, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Sesamin, Tea polyphenols, Total glucosides of paeony). Pomegranate extract, Resveratrol, Garlic extract, Puerarin, Hesperidin, Ginger extract, Cinnamon extract, Sesamin only involve in 1 RCT. Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Olive oil, Quercetin, Tea polyphenols involve in 2 RCTs. Total glucosides of paeony and Curcumin involve in more than 3 RCTs. These RCTs showed that these dietary polyphenols could improve disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28), inflammation levels or oxidative stress levels in RA. The addition of dietary polyphenols did not increase adverse events.

Conclusion

Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc. However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022315645.
Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation
Authors: Huang Minhong , Malovic Emir , Ealy Alyssa , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Kanthasamy Arthi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
Published: March 2023

Epigenetic reprogramming is the ability of innate immune cells to form memories of environmental stimuli (priming), allowing for heightened responses to secondary stressors. Herein, we explored microglial epigenetic marks using the known inflammagen LPS as a memory priming trigger and Parkinsonian-linked environmental neurotoxic stressor manganese (Mn) as the secondary environmental trigger. To mimic physiological responses, the memory priming trigger LPS treatment was removed by triple-washing to allow the cells’ acute inflammatory response to reset back before applying the secondary insult. Our results show that after the secondary Mn insult, levels of key proinflammatory markers, including nitrite release, iNOS mRNA and protein expression, Il-6, Il-α and cytokines were exaggerated in LPS-primed microglia. Our paradigm implies primed microglia retain immune memory that can be reprogrammed to augment inflammatory response by secondary environmental stress. To ascertain the molecular underpinning of this neuroimmune memory, we further hypothesize that epigenetic reprogramming contributes to the retention of a heightened immune response. Interestingly, Mn-exposed, LPS-primed microglia showed enhanced deposition of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 along with H3K4me1. We further confirmed the results using a PD mouse model (MitoPark) and postmortem human PD brains, thereby adding clinical relevance to our findings. Co-treatment with the p300/H3K27ac inhibitor GNE-049 reduced p300 expression and H3K27ac deposition, decreased iNOS, and increased ARG1 and IRF4 levels. Lastly, since mitochondrial stress is a driver of environmentally linked Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression, we examined the effects of GNE-049 on primary trigger-induced mitochondrial stress. GNE-049 reduced mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial circularity and stress, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting beneficial consequences of GNE-049 on mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that proinflammatory primary triggers can shape microglial memoryviathe epigenetic mark H3K27ac and that inhibiting H3K27ac deposition can prevent primary trigger immune memory formation and attenuate subsequent secondary inflammatory responses.
Low humoral and cellular immune responses early after breakthrough infection may contribute to severe COVID-19
Authors: Lee Chan Mi , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Kang Chang Kyung , Lee Eunyoung , Song Kyoung-Ho , Bang Ji Hwan , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam Joong , Kim Hang-Rae , Kim Youngju , Lee Chang-Han , Shin Hyun Mu , Park Sang-Won , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung-don
Published: March 2023

Background

Little is known about the immune determinants for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore attempted to identify differences in humoral and cellular immune responses between patients with non-severe and severe breakthrough COVID-19.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled hospitalized patients with breakthrough COVID-19 (severe and non-severe groups) and uninfected individuals who were vaccinated at a similar time (control group). Severe cases were defined as those who required oxygen therapy while hospitalized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses, respectively.

Results

Anti-S1 IgG titers were significantly lower in the severe group than in the non-severe group within 1 week of symptom onset and higher in the non-severe group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the cellular immune response tended to be diminished in breakthrough cases, particularly in the severe group. In multivariate analysis, advanced age and low anti-S1 IgG titer were associated with severe breakthrough COVID-19.

Conclusions

Severe breakthrough COVID-19 might be attributed by low humoral and cellular immune responses early after infection. In the vaccinated population, delayed humoral and cellular immune responses may contribute to severe breakthrough COVID-19.
Functions of exosomal non-coding RNAs to the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Li Yujie , Wang Nan , Wu Jianhong , Ye Xiaojian , Jiang Yibiao , Tang Lijun
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) which causes the world’s dominant fatal bacterial contagious disease. Increasing studies have indicated that exosomes may be a novel option for the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Exosomes are nanovesicles (30-150 nm) containing lipids, proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) released from various cells, and can transfer their cargos and communicate between cells. Furthermore, exosomal ncRNAs exhibit diagnosis potential in bacterial infections, including TB. Additionally, differential exosomal ncRNAs regulate the physiological and pathological functions of M. tb-infected cells and act as diagnostic markers for TB. This current review explored the potential biological roles and the diagnostic application prospects of exosomal ncRNAs, and included recent information on their pathogenic and therapeutic functions in TB.
Human seminal plasma stimulates the migration of CD11c+ mononuclear phagocytes to the apical side of the colonic epithelium without altering the junctional complexes in an ex vivo human intestinal model
Authors: Baratella Marco , Iannone Valeria , Cavarelli Mariangela , Foglieni Chiara , Viganò Paola , Moog Christiane , Elmore Ugo , Nozza Silvia , Alfano Massimo , Salonia Andrea , Dispinseri Stefania , Scarlatti Gabriella
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) transmission mostly occurs through the genital and intestinal mucosae. Although HIV-1 transmission has been extensively investigated, gaps remain in understanding the initial steps of HIV entry through the colonic mucosa. We previously showed that HIV can selectively trigger mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) to migrate within colonic epithelial cells to sample virions. Mucosal exposure to human seminal plasma (HSP), rich in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, may as well induce alterations of the colonic mucosa and recruit immune cells, hence, affecting pathogen sampling and transmission.

Methods

Here, we studied the role of HSP on the paracellular intestinal permeability by analyzing the distribution of two proteins known to play a key role in controlling the intestinal barrier integrity, namely the tight junctions-associated junctional adhesion molecule (JAM-A) and the adherents junction associated protein E-cadherin (E-CAD), by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Also, we evaluated if HSP promotes the recruitment of MNP cells, specifically, the CD11c and CD64 positive MNPs, to the apical side of the human colonic mucosa. At this scope, HSP of HIV-infected and uninfected individuals with known fertility status was tested for cytokines, chemokines and growth factors concentration and used in an ex vivo polarized colonic tissue culture system to mimic as closely as possible the physiological process.

Results

HSP showed statistically significant differences in cytokines and chemokines concentrations between the three groups of donors, i.e. HIV infected, or uninfected fertile or randomly identified. Nevertheless, we showed that in the ex vivo tissue culture HSP in general, neither affected the morphological structure of the colonic mucosa nor modulated the paracellular intestinal permeability. Interestingly, CD11c+ MNP cells migrated to the apical surface of the colonic epithelium regardless, if incubated with HIV-infected or -uninfected HSPs, while CD64+ MNP cells, did not change their distribution within the colonic mucosa.

Discussion

In conclusion, even if HSP did not perturb the integrity of the human colonic mucosa, it affected the migration of a specific subset of MNPs that express CD11c towards the apical side of the colonic mucosa, which in turn may be involved in pathogen sampling.