bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEORG LUKÁCS: PARA UMA CRÍTICA DO TATICISMO STALINISITA
Authors: Coelho Henrique
Published: January 2021

O texto em tela procura tornar eminentes algumas reflexões oportunadas por Georg Lukács acerca da degradação do marxismo consignada pelo stalinismo Para isso, faz-se necessário considerarmos o “retorno a Marx” promovido pelo filósofo, depois de longo percurso imantado às filosofias idealistas. No que concerne a essa problemática, o texto traz à tona o emblemático ensaio Meu caminho para Marx, onde o autor húngaro traça em linhas sintéticas, seu trajeto de recuperação teórica, superação da verve idealista subjetiva e objetiva que tergiversavam a assimilação do marxismo autêntico. Em seguida, nos deteremos aos pontos centrais daquela crítica de Lukács (ao fenômeno do stalinismo), no texto Cartas sobre o stalisnismo, onde poderemos averiguar a renovada e marxista parametração crítica do autor que vivenciou de perto a degradação ideológica aqui tematizada. Trata-se, em outras linhas, de aprofundar nos escaninhos históricos do marxismo, e pela via do autor húngaro, averiguar a atividade crítico-prática mediante a altura ideativa alcançada acerca da designada “inteligência das coisas”.
LIBERALISMO, DEMOCRACIA E A QUESTÃO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Albinati Ana Selva Castelo Branco
Published: January 2021

RESUMO

Tendo como base o pensamento de Marx sobre o Estado – sua gênese e sua razão de ser –, refletimos aqui sobre a relação entre liberalismo e democracia e a tensão entre esses dois projetos no desenvolvimento do capitalismo e suas implicações sobre as condições de trabalho. Marx, ao analisar a diferença entre a relação Estado-sociedade que se verifica da passagem do mundo medieval ao mundo moderno, chama a atenção para a autonomização do Estado em relação à sociedade, processo que leva à cisão entre o indivíduo em sua vida privada e o cidadão. Contrapondo-se à reflexão hegeliana que via no Estado moderno a possibilidade de reconciliação entre os interesses particulares e os interesses universais, Marx desvela o Estado como uma instância que se ergue sobre as contradições da vida social, sendo, por isso, impotente para resolvê-las. Pretendemos desenvolver neste artigo a questão: se o Estado responde aos antagonismos próprios da vida social, antagonismos vinculados ao modo de produção, o que é o Estado moderno senão o Estado liberal, quando seu pressuposto é a propriedade privada? E sendo assim, como compreender a relação entre liberalismo e democracia enquanto elementos da relação entre o Estado e a sociedade na modernidade?
A SPECIES É UM INTERMEDIÁRIO COGNITIVO EM TOMÁS DE AQUINO?
Authors: Neto Antonio Janunzi
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como finalidade primordial a tentativa de se estabelecer uma breve reflexão sobre algumas questões relativas ao estatuto funcional da species e do conceito na teoria tomásica sobre o processo de conhecimento realizado pelo intelecto humano quando considera a coisa extra mental como objeto de sua cognição. A problemática surge a partir de algumas proposições que Tomás de Aquino realiza ao afirmar a imediatez prioritária do conhecimento da coisa (esta é o que conhecido diretamente pelo ato intelectivo) em relação aos conteúdos dos atos mentais, que por sua vez, podem ser considerados como objetos de modo secundariamente. Entretanto, esta tese deve ser considerada à luz de uma outra segundo a qual a species e/ou o conceito são meios cognitivos para o próprio processo de cognição da coisa extra mental. Com isso, as species e/ou conceitos são meios enquanto conhecidos ou meios enquanto meros eventos mentais com algum tipo de relação com a coisa?
ENGELS: DA CRÍTICA DA ECONOMIA POLÍTICA À CRÍTICA AO DIREITO
Authors: Sartori Vitor Bartoletti
Published: January 2021

A partir daquilo que José Chasin chamou de análise imanente, analisaremos o percurso engelsiano tendo em conta sua mudança de ênfase, de uma crítica à economia política à uma crítica ao Direito. A partir da tensão entre o modo de exposição de Engels e o conteúdo específico que ele procurou divulgar, mostraremos que não há uma ruptura substantiva na posição do autor, mesmo que seu enfoque seja diferente em um momento em que o movimento socialista ganha destaque na esfera pública e em que o terreno do Direito, mesmo não sendo aquele central, parece ser.
DURKHEIM, A EDUCAÇÃO BANCÁRIA E ESCOLA SEM PARTIDO
Authors: Kumaira Marco Antônio Delmondes , Zanardi Teodoro Adriano Costa
Published: January 2021

Os movimentos conservadores brasileiros contemporâneos têm investido sobre o conhecimento escolar de forma singular neste início de século XXI. As discussões têm pautado o conhecimento que deve ser distribuído nas escolas, a censura ao trabalho docente, a crença de que os educandos e a educandas são tábulas rasas e podem ser “doutrinados” pelos/as educadores/as. Dentro desse contexto, vale resgatar um clássica da Sociologia e da Sociologia da Educação que traz visões e concepções articuladas com as questões contemporâneas, pois Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), pai da Sociologia e defensor do funcionalismo, tem muito a dizer para a compreensão de movimentos que desejam a naturalização de um mundo que se ignore a diferença e a dissidência. Assim, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e tematizando a educação escolar e seus desafios, pretende-se conjugar a visão de Durkheim com o debate sobre Escola Sem Partido, o papel do educador e a suposta passividade dos educandos.
SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ: EDUCAÇÃO E DEPENDÊNCIA EPISTEMOLÓGICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA. OU INVENTAMOS, OU ERRAMOS
Authors: Tavares José Newton Tomazzoni
Published: January 2021

No presente artigo procuramos mostrar a relação entre Simón Rodríguez, - educador venezuelano do século XIX – educação, capitalismo e dependência epistêmica na América Latina. Através dessa aproximação, queremos salientar que, apesar dos processos de independência do início do século XIX, a América Latina ainda vive uma profunda dependência econômica, política, social e cultural que a impede de construir uma sociabilidade própria. Tal sociabilidade original era a questão central do pensamento de Simón Rodríguez. Para o educador venezuelano, a América Latina só poderia trilhar caminho próprio se, entre outras coisas, construísse uma via original no que tange ao processo de conhecimento. Buscamos, também, contribuir para o debate estabelecido na América Latina, desde os anos de 1960, sob a égide da Teoria Marxista da Dependência, e interrompido pelas várias Ditaduras, sobre a dependência econômica, cultural, política e social dos países latino-americanos. Dependência, hoje, traduzida sob o império do neoliberalismo.
O ENSINO DA HISTÓRIA E CULTURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA E INDÍGENA NO CURRÍCULO DOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA DE DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Araújo Danielle Pereira de , Silva Marcos Antônio Batista da
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa a introdução do ensino da História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Indígena nos projetos político-pedagógicos e nos currículos dos cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB). A investigação está ancorada no debate realizado pelas ciências sociais no campo da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, à luz das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana. O método de investigação incluiu a análise dos projetos pedagógicos, currículos e entrevistas com discentes e docentes das duas Instituições. A pesquisa revela as disputas e ambiguidades existentes na construção da educação antirracista nos cursos de pedagogia, onde o currículo expressa as tensões, contradições e interesses de grupos que estão dentro e fora da universidade.
Developing a Web-Based Learning Management System (LMS) for Master’s Thesis Process in the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Shakerian Sareh , Noori Simin , Hiedarpoor Peigham , Shams Lida , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Background: A large number of students enrolled in many universities and the low ratio of supervisors to the student have challenged the process of developing education and research. Today, information and communication technology (ICT) tools have changed the learning environments. We assessed the improvement in challenges in the thesis process for Master’s degree virtual students using learning management systems (LMS). Methods: This study is a translational research design focusing on adaptation of educational technology and was conducted in three stages: Preparation, implementation, and assessment in the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2017. In the preparation stage, we matched LMS with technical support requirements. In the experimental stage, the effectiveness of a web-based system (LMS) for thesis support was assessed in 67, 65, and 51 master students in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, and they were followed two years. In the post- experimental stage, the program was assessed using quality criteria. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc tests. Results: Data of 67 students as the first entry group were collected after two years of implementation of the program and 22 quality criteria were extracted by literature review and validated by focus group discussion. The results of students’ perspective showed that the scores of the quality criteria after using LMS in comparison other alternative methods were at the desirable level (mean score > 7), the social network and email scores were mostly at the moderate level, and the meeting was almost less desirable (mean score < 4). The results of the supervisors’ perspective also showed that the scores of the quality criteria were at the desirable level. The ANOVA result for most criteria was statistically significant at 95% CI. The results indicated the higher scores in all quality criteria after using LMS in comparison with alternative methods from the viewpoints of the supervisors and students (95% CI: 8.76 ± 0.83) and (95% CI: 8.71 ± 0.64), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that implementing LMS for thesis support was almost twice more successful in achieving the considered criteria than other alternative methods in terms of both students’ and supervisors’ perspectives. Implementation of LMS in the thesis process, which significantly affects the quality and quantity of research through improvement in feedback quality, saves time, and increases the rate of thesis completion.
Revolutionary Nondualism
Authors: Lal Sanjay ,   Eastern Illinois University
Published: January 2021

Among those who have worked for uplifting the poor, Mahatma Gandhi occupies a unique place. Although his reform efforts received ample financial support from well-off benefactors, Gandhi’s personal life exemplified ideals of voluntary poverty and renouncement. On Martha Nussbaum’s account of stoicism, Gandhi’s voluntary renouncement may imply morally unacceptable reasoning regarding nonviolence and the plight of the poor. Nussbaum argues that the stoic disparagement of external things of fortune implies that they cannot coherently oppose external harms such as torture or rape as unjust. Furthermore, on Nussbaum’s account, stoic flexibility regarding the duty to render material aid provides insufficient ethical grounds for relieving the injustice of poverty. Applying Nussbaum’s critique of stoicism to Gandhi, I ask if Gandhi’s personal-life renouncement of external things exposes his philosophy to vulnerabilities that Nussbaum finds in the stoics. I then respond to the critique. With the stoics, Gandhi does deny that states of simple living are genuinely bad; therefore, pursuing ethical life means seeking some states of poverty. Nevertheless, based on Gandhian values of freedom, equality, sustainability, service, and character, there are coherent ethical grounds in Gandhian thought for pursuing nonviolence (with its proscription of external harms) while fighting global poverty (with attention to material needs). I explicate a Gandhian view of social uplift that vitally connects individual character to social well-being. I also illuminate a Gandhian model of poverty eradication that reveals deficiencies in a model of poverty eradication that depends solely on the value of external things of fortune.
Affectivity in Moral Epistemology
Authors: Gamache Joseph ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

Recent epistemology and value theory have become more open to the role played by affectivity in the constitution of human knowledge of value. In this paper, two figures important to the phenomenological and personalistic traditions are retrieved as precedents for this contemporary development: Edith Stein and Dietrich von Hildebrand. In the first part of the paper, Stein’s phenomenology of affective acts is adapted as an account of the structure of “value-grasping acts.” The second part of the paper identifies two difficulties that arise on the basis of Stein’s account: (1) how do we know that an emotion constitutes a response to intrinsic value, and (2) how do we know an emotional response to value is most attuned to its object? The remainder of the paper responds to these difficulties, thereby legitimating the account as a viable moral epistemology. These responses draw inspiration from von Hildebrand’s phenomenological accounts of value-response and freedom.
The Third Culture
Authors: Gruenwald Oskar ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

This essay explores a new conceptual paradigm for bridging the gulf separating what C. P. Snow called The Two Cultures--science and the humanities. Central to this rainbow paradigm is a more unified, holistic, and integral understanding of human life in society. A fruitful science-theology dialogue presupposes a much broader context of a revitalized Third Culture which weaves together insights from all the arts and sciences, social sciences and humanities. The essay thus invokes the incarnational dimension of man as God's creation and truth as the Logos or ultimate Reality. The conclusion follows that a new lingua franca--a more felicitous conceptual understanding focusing on man as the missing link-requires integrative insights across all disciplines. Such an integral vision of what it means to be fully human reflects a sapiential, existential, and eschatological challenge of unity in diversity, that is, a truly human culture or a culture of cultures.
Ideal-real beauty in the theurgical creativity: Themes and concepts of visual art aesthetics of the silver age of Russian culture
Authors: Marković Ivica
Published: January 2021

The paper explores the Christian-intoned philosophical aesthetics of the figurative arts during the silver age of Russian culture. In this period, which covers the second half of the nineteenth and the first two decades of the twentieth century, Russia's speculative thought, based on the Orthodox patristic and philosophical idealism, promoted the original religious philosophy, which highly valorized the importance of comprehensive gnoseology and ontology of "total-unity", true knowledge sought only through the absolute - an ideal which in itself synthesizes a real beauty, truth and goodness. That is why the Christian fine arts and aesthetics of this period in Russia were built only as an organic segment of a holistically interpreted philosophy of life, recapitulated by its essential principle - Christ. In order to systematize various aspirations, ideas and concepts of this artistic aesthetics, the paper singles out and explains three major themes that are intertwined. These are: the beauty (integral with goodness and truth), Christlike according to Dostoevsky, ideal-real according to Soloviev; theurgical creation, viewed both as artistic (free and transformative) and as an ascetic likeness to God; and the icon, which - through a philosophical-theological interpretation of an apophatic-kataphatic antinomy, reverse perspective and symbolism - integrates the issue of beauty and creativity into a common discourse, entering the Orthodox apologetic front before western art and culture, from the renaissance to the modern digital age.
Impact of service quality on satisfaction and loyalty of tourists in rural tourism of Šumadija and Western Serbia
Authors: Perić Goran , Dramićanin Sandra , Gašić Marko
Published: January 2021

The issue of rural tourism service quality does not retain a sufficiently important place in the existing domestic and foreign literature. The purpose of this research in service quality, which is an important initiator of tourist satisfaction and loyalty in rural tourism. The survey was conducted at the beginning of 2020 using a questionnaire-based survey method to 299 respondents. With the purpose of checking the impact of the service quality on the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists in rural tourism of Šumadija and Western Serbia, an analysis was performed using SEM-Structural Equation Modeling. The survey results point there is a direct correlation between service quality and satisfaction, and as well between loyalty and satisfaction. Between service quality and loyalty there is not a direct link, but there is a large indirect effect by satisfaction. The implications of this research, limitations and future research recommendations for are outlined.
Restitution of agricultural land in Serbia: Comparative legal aspects
Authors: Rajnović Ljiljana , Cico Snežana , Brljak Zoran
Published: January 2021

The idea of returning the confiscated property to the previous owners in the Republic of Serbia arose as a process that included all the countries of Eastern Europe and other countries of the former Communist system in which mostly state property existed. Restitution is part of the transition process, which implies comprehensive changes in the state, including privatization of the state sector and market operations on the principles of private property, but also as a need to correct the injustice done to former owners of confiscated property. According to Serbian legislation, restitution is obligatory, but in practice it is very difficult and slow to realize, even though this process realizes one of the basic human rights of citizens described in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights - the right to free enjoyment of private property. In this paper, the authors analyze the possibilities of returning agricultural land, legal regulations and implemented solutions in practice, on the example of a unit of local self-government, on whose territory there is a state land fund that can be the subject of return.
Risk factors and comorbidities that predispose to atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jandrić-Kočić Marijana
Published: January 2021

Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice affecting 1-2% of the world population. It is characterized by high-frequency atrial excitation, consequent asynchronous contraction, and irregular ventricular excitation. Risk factors and comorbidities predispose to AF by altering the extracellular matrix, altering the function of fibroblasts and fat cells, ion channels, myocytes, the autonomic nervous system, endothelial and vascular changes. The study aimed to identify risk factors and comorbidities that were statistically significantly associated with the onset of AF. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Krupa Health Center at Uni in the period from 1 November 2017 to 1 January 2019. Data were collected through medical history, physical examination, electrocardiograms, laboratory diagnostics, ultrasound examination and available medical records. Data processing was performed using standard statistical methods. Results. The study included 145 randomly selected patients, 96 (66.2%) women and 49 (33.8%) men., average age 63 ± 9.8 years. AF was more common in women older than 60 years and people consuming alcohol (p<0.05). Comorbidities associated with FA are: left ventricular hypertrophy, mitral regurgitation, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity (p<0.05). Conclusion. Early detection, timely and adequate management of comorbidity and risk factors of FA prevents or slows the progression of AF, raises the quality of life of patients, reduces the costs of health care and work absenteeism.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with fudroaiant course
Authors: Knežević Snežana , Srećković Biljana , Vulović Jelena , Jandrić-Kočić Marijana
Published: January 2021

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the ductal epithelium. It is divided into intrahepatic, gallbladder carcinoma and peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. The prevalence depends on the region, ethnicity, gender, and localization of the tumor. The most common symptoms are jaundice, pain, nausea, weight loss. The tumor is mostly found in the advanced stage when local and distant metastases are detectable. Median survival rate in patients who are in an advanced inoperable stage is 3.9 months. A 60-year-old patient came in January 2018 with pain in the epigastrium, weight loss and nausea. Objectively positive Murphy sign and enlarged liver were found. The ultrasound showed a lobulated, heterogeneous, fatty liver with a tumor mass in the right liver lobe, measuring more than 12 cm in diameter. Laboratory findings: Alpha-fetoprotein 13.0 ng/mL, carcinoembryonic antigen 7.25 mg/ml, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 56.7 U/ml, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 29, bilirubin 24.7 mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase 32.0 U/L, aminotransferase 56 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 181 U/L, C-reactive protein 43.1 µg/mL, uric acid 561 µmol/L. Computerized tomography showed an enlarged, lobular, non-homogeneous liver and non-homogeneous, as well as hetero-dense changes of indistinct contours, measuring 98x90x80 mm and 8x16 mm. All these findings were confirmed by magnetic resonance. Chest x-ray showed multiple metastases. Liver biopsy confirmed primary malignancy of the bile. The patient was treated palliatively and passed away in March, two months after the initially occurrence of disease symptoms.
Application CAD methods in 3D clothing design
Authors: Jankoska Maja
Published: January 2021

Modeling virtual garments is known as a very laborious process, which includes designing 2D patterns, positioning, and sewing them in 3D, performing a physically-based simulation, and then iteratively adjusting patterns and parameters, repeating the process until the expected effect is achieved. The aim of this paper is to make a 2D pattern and 3D simulation of a men's shirt. First, the computer construction of the men's shirt model was made on a sketch-based, i.e. a 2D pattern is developed. Secondly, 2D pattern is developed by flattening 3D surface patches, then a 3D fine garment is formed directly based on the information of sewing relations and correspondence between 3D surfaces and 2D patterns. The method is able to design 3D garments and 2D patterns efficiently and accurately.
Appearance of protective clothing over the centuries
Authors: Risteski Sanja , Srebrenkoska Vineta
Published: January 2021

In the history of the costume, protective military clothing has a special place. The origins of military clothing go deep into history. Protective clothing defined as protective "cover" clothes is used to protect the body from physical attack. In the in many of the ancient civilization is noticed similarity in the appearance of military clothing, which means that Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and Roman soldiers are dressed and armed in a similar way. In this paper the protective military clothes over the centuries, starting from Egypt, Babylon and Assyria, Crete and Mycenae, Ancient Greece and Rome, reaching the protective clothing characteristic of the medieval period slowly approaching the contemporary look of protective clothing is being analyzed.
Algebra in the Elementary Schools
Authors: Shipley James H.
Published: January 2021

I have never yet heard of a high school teacher’s being satisfied with the first-year pupil’s knowledge of common fractions, and the other day a I. A. girl frankly admitted that she could not multiply 12⅔ by 15¾ because she had skipped one grade, had then had algebra and geometry, and the review didn’t touch on mixed numbers. Of course, this was not the fault of any teacher, but the fault of a system which is trying to crowd too many things into too small a space. The real efficiency of the schools does not depend upon their being housed in million-dollar buildings, under a well-organized administrative force, excellent equipment, etc.; it depends upon two things,—what is taught, and how it is taught; and more especially upon the latter; for every teacher of mathematics knows that a pupil can derive as much permanent good from the study of a very few topics or theorems, so presented as to be pleasing to the pupil, or at least interesting, and at the same time make him think, as he can from ten times the amount of material “rammed home” with the sole object of being reproduced at examinations. The policy of standardizing everything by examinations is doing our expensive school system an untold injury; the report of the city superintendent compares the schools according to the number of their pupils who pass the examinations, and the principal warns the teacher that he is rated according to the number of his pupils that pass, and this pressure is passed on to the pupil. Until some method of close class-room observation and supervision is introduced with a view to allowing free rein to a teacher’s individuality and originality even at the expense of his pupil’s failing the conventional examinations, it is hardly worth while suggesting other changes.
Graphical Solution of Equations
Authors: Running Theodore R.
Published: January 2021

The problems of our textbooks are stated in words, giving the conditions involved and the quantities to be evaluated. The solution of a problem is readily seen to consist of three stages. The first stage is a translation from one language to another. When we restate a problem in terms of mathematical symbols we are translating, for mathematics is also a language. This translation must be exact, no different shades of meaning are allowed. The second stage consists of the process of solving the equation or equations obtained in the first stage. The third stage is interpreting the values of the unknown quantities obtained in the second stage. The interpretation may be self evident, but cases do arise in which the interpretation is somewhat involved.
More Thoughts on Placing the Decimal Point
Authors: King W. E.
Published: January 2021

Many teachers of arithmetic probably enjoyed reading the article, “Some Thoughts on Placing the Decimal Point in Quotient,” by Claude H. Brown in the February (1945) issue of The Mathematics Teacher. Since a majority of the textbooks about arithmetic use the caret method in division of decimals, some teachers are of the opinion they should teach that method even though they prefer to teach the subtraction method. Many of them believe that the subtraction method has more meaning for their pupils. For these reasons they are glad that someone champions the subtraction method.
Picturing Fractions
Authors: Lawlor Ann , Clark Caroline Hatton
Published: January 2021

My class in Methods of Teaching Arithmetic at Child Education Foundation, New York City, is composed of students in the third year of their teachertraining course. The students have had no teaching experience except a little student teaching. Their arithmetic course is a three-strand course. One strand deals with studying and evaluating current theory and practice in the teaching of arithmetic.
The Art of Teaching: An Approach to Forming the Content of Non-College Preparatory Courses in Mathematics
Authors: Miller Margaret McAlpine
Published: January 2021

If we are going to have a curriculum in non-college preparatory mathematics in our high schools, certainly one of the first problems we will encounter is the problem of the course of study or the content of the courses.
A Three-Fold Purpose of Mathematics and How to Attain It
Authors: Koehler Truman L.
Published: January 2021

In general, the purpose of education is three fold. First, it aims to give young men and women the sort of training which will enable them to become self-supporting. It makes them better able to earn their own living. This is a fundamental purpose because earning a living is one of the most insistent problems that most people have to solve. Until men and women are able to handle this problem, they cannot solve any others. This economic objective of education is steadily increasing its importance, because of the high specialization which is being developed in all fields.
The Relationship of Certain Reading Abilities to Success in Mathematics
Authors: Eagle Edwin
Published: January 2021

The relationship of reading abilities to achievement in mathematics is widely recognized as a topic on which additional basic research should be done. To secure some evidence in this area the present study utilized the scores, on certain standardized tests and on several specially designed tests, of 157 ninth grade general mathematics students and of 162 ninth grade algebra students of three San Diego schools.
The Art of Teaching: A New Technique in Plane Geometry
Authors: Zarlengo D. A.
Published: January 2021

With the ending of the war, many of us feel that the world and the life of earlier years will never return. The rapid developments in all fields during the past several years will leave their results with us, and we shall feel and live them long into the future. Education has had its share in this transition. During the training of American youth all methods of presentation of subject matter had to be tried for the quickest and best method. Needless to say visual instruction received a major emphasis; enough to make it a definite part of modern teaching.
Meaning in the Junior High School
Authors: Mallory Virgil S.
Published: January 2021

There is need for better teaching; need for teaching children so that the mathematics they study will be understood and will function in their lives. The teaching and the understanding must not pose hurdles in later years. Teaching and understanding must be so clear that they can be recalled to help the child when he forgets. We know that teaching is done by teachers. Today, because of the increased birth rate, of low salaries and high living costs, the shortage of teachers is appalling. A large per cent of teachers in our elementary and junior high schools hold substandard licenses. With a doubled birth rate, the outlook for the next eight or ten years is far from bright unless more young people are attracted to the teaching profession. Unless such steps are speedily taken, the young generation will fare much worse than any present survey might show.
Mathematics and the Core Curriculum
Authors: Fawcett Harold P.
Published: January 2021

Within recent years many critical questions have been raised concerning the effectiveness with which the schools of America are meeting the needs of a growing and developing democracy. Significant social and economic changes have tended to focus attention on institutions and practices created to serve the demands of an earlier day. A greatly increased school population has emphasized the importance of general education and new theories of learning have raised serious doubt about the value of educational procedures designed to serve an intellectual aristocracy. Many an influential voice has asked penetrating questions concerning the adequacy of a curriculum based on the fundamental assumption that “knowledge is power” and increasing attention has been given to the development of those characteristics of personality considered essential to responsible citizenship in a democratic society.
The Mathematical Behavior of Minerals
Authors: Ridout Theodore C.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of these notes is to show the possibility of making greater use of crystal and cleavage forms of minerals in connection with courses in mathematics. I first became interested in the subject when teaching plane geometry, and over a period of years made considerable use of mineral forms to illustrate geometrical principles. My students found this material interesting and often quite astonishing, as indeed it is. I am convinced that it can be more widely used, in both classroom and textbook, with benefit.
Families of Hyperbolas in Navigation
Authors: Anderson Rowland C.
Published: January 2021

In the darkness 10,000 feet below is the angry Atlantic lashed into a foaming spray by winds of 150 knots or more. Between us and the stars tower five miles of ugly cumulo nimbus clouds lit up at frequent intervals by blinding flashes of lightning. The tropical rain hangs about us like a gray sheet, almost a solid wall of water. This is a hurricane.
A Summary Report of the Second Annual Workshop for Teachers of Mathematics at Galesburg
Authors: Snader Daniel W. , Bromley Ann
Published: January 2021

At the University of Illinois, Galesburg, Illinois, the Second Annual Workshop for Teachers of Mathematics was held last summer under the direction of Professor Daniel W. Snader. Problems of the curriculum, of testing and evaluating, of vitalizing instruction through the use of instructional aids and instruments, of the psychological approach to the teaching of arithmetic, algebra and geometry, and of the applications of mathematics to living and working were considered in a program consisting of general sessions and smaller study groups.
How to Develop Critical Thinking about Inter-Group Relations in the Geometry Classroom
Authors: Cantonwine Paul E.
Published: January 2021

Science has made tremendous progress in the last century. It has been able to eliminate many if not all of our old superstitions about nature. It has replaced man's fear of his unknown, natural environment with a knowledge and confidence in his ability to make a reasonable explanation of the happening of nature. This remarkable progress in science and the understanding of natural happenings has happened largely because man has allowed his intellect and reasoning ability to have precedence over his emotions and fears. He has been able to view the scientific facts objectively thus displacing emotional action due to superstition by intelligent action and empirical experimentation based on sound logical reasoning.
Mathematics and Modern Educational Trends
Authors: Newsom C. V.
Published: January 2021

As a young high school student of physics, I was impressed by the study of vector diagrams. I have distinct recollections of drawing a considerable assortment of diagrams in which many vectors would be operating upon a point. After that I would play a game of solitaire in which I would speculate upon the nature of the resultant vector; then I would either confirm or deny my speculation by completing many parallelograms or by adding the horizontal and then the vertical components of the several vectors. This love of vector problems is still with me.
Have You Heard?
Authors: Woolsey Edith
Published: January 2021

The twenty-eighth annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is to be in Chicago April 12-15, 1950, at the Congress Hotel. From what we hear about it, this will be the biggest and best convention the council has had. The complete program will be published later, but there are some things you should know about it now.
Miscellanea— Mathematical, Historical, Pedagogical
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

Permabooks (14 West 49th St., New York) has just published Numerology, What is Your Lucky Number? by Morris C. Goodman for thirty-five cents. The first chapter is historical, interesting, correct, but too short to be of much value. The rest is mystical mumbo-jumbo about time “cycles,” “vibrancy,” etc. There is only a little computation called for in the entire book, but if carefully used it has value as an interesting and enriching curiosity.
Discussions on Arithmetic: National Council Regional Meeting, New York, December 29, 1949
Authors: Sueltz Ben A.
Published: January 2021

Two interesting meetings developed the topics (1) The Contribution of Arithmetic to General Education and (2) Necessary Special Instruction in Arithmetic. The first was led by professor Van Engen of Cedar Falls, Iowa, and the second by Professor Grossnickle of Jersey City, New Jersey. Participating with Dr. Van Engen were Dr. Burch of Boston University and Mr. Bebell, a graduate student at Teachers College. Mr. McMeen of Newark assisted Dr. Grossnickle.
Have You Heard?
Authors: Woolsey Edith
Published: January 2021

The small discussion groups at the summer meeting of the National Council in Denver last August brought out many interesting and valuable ideas. The topics for discussion were selected by the group leaders, and cover the entire field of the teaching of mathematics. Reports on a few will be given here with the hope that they will be of value to you, both in your own teaching and in your local mathematics club program.
The Trigonometric Functions
Authors: Cell John W.
Published: January 2021

In this article we shall indicate many different methods by which the sine and cosine functions may be defined. (From these the other four functions may be obtained by their usual definitions in terms of the sine and cosine functions, viz., cot θ = cos θ/sin θ.) In the course of the discussion we shall consider the trigonometric functions from various points of view and we shall list properties which are not to be found in standard texts on trigonometry but which are found in advanced mathematics. We shall also indicate some general applications which are inherent in these various methods and sources for other applications.
The President's Page
Authors: Charlesworth H. W.
Published: January 2021

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is now a department of the National Education Association with offices at the NEA headquarters, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C.
Affiliated Groups Take Part in National Council Meetings
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: January 2021

Five Affiliated Groups of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics had an active part in the Tenth Summer Meeting of the Council held at The University of Wisconsin, August 21-24, 1950. The Illinois Council of Teachers of Mathematics, the Iowa Association of Mathematics Teachers, the Indiana Council of Teachers of Mathematics, and the Minnesota Council of Teachers of Mathematics planned in advance and participated in specific sections of the program. Presidents of these groups served on the Program Committee for the meeting and were among those presiding at sessions. The Wisconsin Mathematics Council served as host organization for the meeting.
Constructing graphs with the slide rule
Authors: Shuster Carl N.
Published: January 2021

The slide rule is an invaluable aid in the construction of certain types of graphs. The familiar circle graph is the best for showing the relationship between the various parts of a whole and the whole. It requires a considerable amount of work to find the central angles for the various sectors. All this work may be done on the slide rule in a fraction of a minute.
Historically Speaking, - - Complex numbers: an example of recurring themes in the development of mathematics—I
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

The story of the development of the concept and uses of complex numbers provides a fine example of how the history of mathematics may shed light on the meaning of terminology, the relative roles of “practical” needs and intellectual curiosity in the motivation of mathematicians, the utility of pure mathematics, and the development not only of mathematics itself but also of the concepts of rigor and proof. The story also involves intrigue and illustrates the international nature of mathematical scholarship.
General mathematics in the secondary school—II
Authors: Reeve William David
Published: January 2021

The reorganized modern junior high school, constituting grades 7, 8, and 9, now offers some kind of a general introductory course in mathematics. The content, methods of teaching, and order of presentation of topics may vary from place to place, but the great central purpose is fairly uniform.
Tips for Beginners: What are your pupils learning? Some suggestions on evaluation
Authors: Lankford Francis G.
Published: January 2021

Some time ago I visited a small high school in my state to observe the only mathematics teacher. She greeted me with the statement so often used by teachers when they don't want visitors, “I am so sorry you didn't come to see us yester-day.
Decomposition into Partial Fractions
Authors: Metzler Geo. F.
Published: January 2021

I believe the following method of decomposition will commend itself to any who will use it enough to become familiar with its application.
Infusing the Day with Mathematical Moments
Authors: Cunningham Elizabeth P.
Published: January 2021

Teachers can use short periods in their classroom to build children’s experiences with and understanding of mathematics, outside of mathematics time.
Motivation, Attitudes, and Diet Quality Among US Parents and Adolescents
Authors: Baker Katherine , Figueroa Roger
Published: January 2021

Objectives: In this paper, we assessed interdependent associations between food-related psychosocial traits and diet quality (ie, healthy and ultra-processed food consumption) among parent-adolescent dyads. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from the Family, Life,
Activity, Sun and Health (FLASHE) study, which measured diet and other health behaviors in American parent-adolescent dyads (N = 1646). Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to apply a dyadic extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Determination Theory constructs (motivation,
attitudes and self-efficacy) in relation to healthy and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Results: Parent (b = 0.46, p < .01) and adolescent motivation (b = 0.42, p < .01) had positive actor effects on healthy food consumption. Parental attitudes had a negative actor effect
(b = -0.20, p < .01) and adolescent attitudes had a positive actor effect (b = 0.34, p < .01) on healthy food consumption. Parent (b = -0.18, p < .01) and adolescent motivation (b = -0.14, p < .01) had negative actor effects on UPF consumption. No significant partner effects were
found. Conclusions: Food-related psychosocial traits are associated with parent and adolescent diet quality. Interventions and guidelines that aim to strengthen an individual's ability to make healthful dietary choices, particularly those focused on reducing UPF consumption, are warranted,
and may benefit from drawing on behavioral theories, especially those focused on motivational traits.
Water Drinking and its Correlation with Beverage Consumption in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Ah Han Mi
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Water intake has been recognized as a critical factor for important health outcomes. This study was an investigation of the status of water drinking and its correlation with beverage consumption among Korean adolescents. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional
study included Korean adolescents (N = 57,302) from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2019). Descriptive statistical and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the water-drinking behavior during a previous 7-day period according to the general characteristics
of the adolescents. Associations were tested between water drinking and beverage consumption (carbonated beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages, energy/high-caffeine drinks, and milk). Results: Overall, 4.1% of adolescents drank less than one glass, 19.6% drank one to 2 glasses, 23.1%
drank 3 glasses, 17.8% drank 4 glasses, and 35.4% drank ≥ 5 glasses of water per day during the last 7 days. The distribution of water drinking differed according to the characteristics of adolescents and was associated with the frequencies of consumption of carbonated drinks, and sugar-sweetened
drinks. More than 3 times the carbonated drink (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.19-1.38) and sugar-sweetened drink consumption (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.16-1.34) were associated with lower water drinking. Conclusions: Higher consumption of carbonated and sugar-sweetened beverages was associated
with less water drinking.
Problematic Internet Use in Turkish High School Students: Prevalence and Related Factors
Authors: Sayılı Uğurcan , Vehid Suphi , Erginöz Ethem
Published: January 2021

Objectives: In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) among high school students and identify demographic and socioeconomic factors related to PIU. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted this study between November
2017 and January 2018 of 1412 students attending high schools in the Silivri District of Istanbul in Turkey. We administered a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic information, Internet use, and Young's Internet Addiction Test to participating students. Results: Among participants,
18.5% (male = 17.2%; females = 19.8%) were found to show PIU. PIU rates were higher among those with a high household income and lower among those who studied in science high schools, performed physical activities at least 2 days a week, and read at least one book a month. PIU rates were also
higher among those who had their own bedrooms, phones, smartphones, Internet connections at home, and social networking accounts. Conclusion: The prevalence of PIU among the participants was 18.5%. Female sex, high household income, low physical activity, grade level, school type, reading
fewer than one book per month, and Internet use experience were risk factors for PIU. PIU is considered a significant public health concern across the world, including in Turkey.
Novel Agents for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Finding the Positive in the Negative
Authors: Vidula Neelima , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya
Published: January 2021

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and the development of better therapeutics represents a major unmet clinical need. Although the mainstay of treatment of metastatic TNBC is chemotherapy, advances in genomics and molecular profiling have helped better define subtypes of TNBC with distinct biologic drivers to guide the therapeutic development of targeted therapies, including AKT inhibitors for PI3K/AKT-altered TNBC, checkpoint inhibitors for PD-L1–positive TNBC, and PARP inhibitors for BRCA1/2 mutant TNBC. This progress may ultimately convert TNBC from a disease traditionally defined by the absence of therapeutically actionable receptors to one that is defined by the presence of discrete molecular targets with therapeutic implications. Furthermore, antibody drug conjugates have emerged as an important therapeutic strategy to target genomically complex tumors that lack actionable oncogenes but have overexpressed actionable surface receptors such as trop-2. In this article, we discuss promising novel agents for advanced TNBC, some of which have been incorporated into current clinical practice, and others that will likely change the therapeutic landscape and redefine the TNBC terminology in the near future.