bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Cycle Fatigue Experiments on Turbogenerator Steels and a New Method for Defining Confidence Bands
Authors: Olmi Giorgio
Published: June 2012

The 26 NiCrMoV 14 5 and 18Mn18Cr steels have wide applications in the manufacturing of rotors and coil retaining rings. Current studies in the literature mainly regard their metallurgical properties, while little information is available about their cyclic and fatigue behavior. There is also little information regarding possible anisotropic behavior along the tangential and radial forming directions of the aforementioned components. The cited items were tackled by running an experimental campaign with specimens machined from real components in the tangential and radial directions. The experimental procedure was very careful from the points of view of methodology, of strain control, and of fracture evaluation. Static, cyclic, and low cycle fatigue curves were determined. The data were processed for the computation of curve parameters. While an original statistical analysis inspired by ASTM E739-10 was conducted to determine hyperbolic confidence bands “wrapped around” the entire fatigue curves, relating total strain amplitudes to lives. To tackle the question of anisotropy, a novel formulation of the analysis of variance was applied to compare the fatigue curves of both materials along the two forming directions.
From Demilitarization to Democratization. Demobilized Soldiers Between the American Occupation and the German and Japanese States, 1945–1955
Authors: Schneider Birgit
Published: June 2012

The demilitarization of Germany and Japan constituted one of the most important goals of the Allies during and after the end of the Second World War and caused the abolishment of the German Wehrmacht and the Imperial Japanese Army. This article focuses on the return of demobilized German and Japanese soldiers during the first postwar decade and examines the policies that the American occupation and the German and Japanese administrations implemented with regard to them. It seeks to shed light on how demobilized soldiers, after they had participated in their countries’ aggressive and ultimately genocidal wars, found their way back into civilian life and civil society without becoming the subversive force that the Allies had feared they would become. Embodying the contradictions of war and defeat, demobilized soldiers greatly benefited from economic reconstruction and from the Cold War, and contributed to the construction of national postwar identities.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem para o paciente com necrólise epidérmica tóxica: estudo de caso
Authors: Carneiro Taize Muritiba , Silva Iranete Almeida Sousa
Published: June 2012

Trata-se de um estudo de caso clínico, retrospectivo, de um paciente acometido por necrólise epidérmica tóxica, internado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de uma organização hospitalar pública, com o objetivo de apreender, a partir dos julgamentos clínicos das (os) enfermeiras (os), os diagnósticos de enfermagem. Foram evidenciados treze diagnósticos de enfermagem, assim como a necessidade de aprimoramento teórico destas profissionais sobre a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem e o sentido de valor que esta prática pode acrescentar à profissão, na condução da assistência individualizada aos pacientes sob seus cuidados.
Conhecimento de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre os instrumentos de coleta de dados do SIAB
Authors: Lima Aline Pinto de , Corrêa Áurea Christina de Paula , Oliveira Quéli Cristina de
Published: June 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o conhecimento de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre instrumentos/fichas do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com ACS de duas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Cuiabá-MT, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante para coleta de dados. Para a análise foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática. Emergiram três categorias: 1) reconhecimento dos instrumentos de coleta de dados do SIAB; 2) preenchimento das fichas: dificuldades e dúvidas; 3) resolução das dificuldades e dúvidas. O presente estudo possibilitou a identificação de situações-problema enfrentadas pelos ACS no trabalho com as fichas do SIAB, que demandam ações dos gestores do SUS, como a educação permanente dos profissionais e o aprimoramento da estrutura das fichas/relatórios, adequando-os à realidade local das Unidades de Saúde da Família, por meio de acréscimo ou retirada de dados.
Currículo baseado em competências na residência médica
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia Regina , Farias Filho Alberto , Gomes Josenilia Maria Alves , Pinto Filho Washington Aspilicueta , Cunha Glauco Kleming Florêncio da , Maia Flavio Lobo
Published: June 2012

Competência foi definida como uma síntese de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, que, integrados, propiciam ao indivíduo a utilização integrada dos recursos cognitivos e técnicos para diagnosticar, tratar e proporcionar benefício, menor morbidade ao doente e menor custo às instituições. Posteriormente, ampliou-se a definição, que passou a incorporar a dependência do contexto, necessidade de experiência, capacidade de reflexão e de continuar aprendendo. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o currículo proposto e em implantação na Residência de Anestesiologia do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) da Universidade Federal do Ceará, que foi embasado em seis competências principais: comunicação, documentação, cuidados pré-operatórios, cuidados intraoperatórios, cuidados pós-operatórios e gestão de qualidade e segurança no perioperatório. São também demonstrados os instrumentos que compõem o sistema de avaliação neste currículo: teste cognitivo, instrumento de avaliação de habilidades procedurais por observação direta (Dops), logbook, feedback de múltiplas fontes (MSF) e avaliação dos preceptores pelos residentes. A implantação do currículo e dos processos de avaliação visou ampliar a qualificação do egresso do programa de residência médica em Anestesiologia do HUWC, assim como dos preceptores que participam do processo de formação desses especialistas.
Efeitos da aplicação de vinhaça sobre a população e controle químico de plantas daninhas na cultura da cana-de-açucar (Saccharum SPP.)
Authors: Christoffoleti P.J. , Bacchi O.O.S.
Published: June 2012

Para avaliar o controle químico e a influência na população de plantas daninhas incidentes na cultura da cana-de-açucar (cana-soca, 3o corte), variedade NA56-79, em função da aplicação de diferentes doses de vinhaça, foi instalado um ensaio em solo pertencente a Usina Santa Lúcia de Açúcar e Álcool, do município de Araras-SP. O solo foi um Latassol Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, textura média, Haplorthox. O experimento foi instalado no dia 10/08/83, com o solo seco no momento da aplicação da vinhaça, não ocorrendo qualquer precipitação nos dez dias seguintes à aplicação. A aplicação da vinhaça foi feita através de veículos tanque, e a aplicação regulada para uma vazão de 50m3/ha , de tal forma que nas dosagens de 100 e 150m3 /ha foram feitas 2 e 3 passadas, respectivamente. Os herbicidas foram aplicados através de pulverizador costal à pressão constante, com um consumo de calda de 370 1/ha. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e 3 repetições e os tratamentos foram vinhaça a 0,50, 100 e 150 m3 /ha e adubação mineral. Por outro lado os subtratamentos foram os herbicidas das alachlor (2-cloro-2-6-dietil-metoximetil-acetanilida) a 2,40 kg i.a/ha, diuron (3-(3,4-dicloro-fenil)-1, 1-dimetil-uréia) a 1,6 kg i.a/há, ametrin (2-(etilamino)-4-(isopropilano)-6-(metiltio)-S-triazina a 2,40 kg i.a/ha e tebuthiuron (N-(5-(1,1-dimetiletil)-1, 3,4-tiadiazol-2-il)-1,3-N, N-dimetil-uréia) a 0,96 kg i.a/ha. A infestação do capim-colchão (Digitaria horizontalis Willd) foi maior na área que recebeu apenas adubação mineral, com doses crescentes da vinhaça a população dessa espécie foi se elevando. O controle mais eficiente foi proporcionado por tebuthiuron. Com alachlor houve melhora pronunciada de controle, quando aplicado com 100 m3 /ha de vinhaça. Este fato também ocorreu com o diuron e menos acentuadamente com o ametrin. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) infestou menos intensamente os tratamentos que receberam 150 m3 /ha de vinhaça e aumentou sua população com a diminuição da dose. O melhor controle foi obtido com alachlor e o menos satisfatório com o tebuthiuron. A beldroega (Portulaca oleracea L.), guanxuma (Sida rhombifolia L.) e falsa-serralha (Emilia sonchifolia D.C.) tiveram suas populações alteradas em função da interação entre doses de vinhaça e herbicidas. Verificou-se que as diferentes doses de vinhaça influenciaram a população de capim-colchão, tiririca, beldroega, guanxuma e falsa-serralha. As doses de 100 e 150 m3 /ha, exerceram influência sobre o comportamento dos herbicidas, em especial alachlor e diuron, nas condições do presente experimento.
Efeito de doses de metribuzin no crescimento e na conversão da energia solar em plantas de soja (Glycine max (L .) merrill)
Authors: Silva Neto P. J. , Lopes N. F. , Oliva M. A. , Silva J. F. , Ferreira L. R.
Published: June 2012

O crescimento e a eficiência na conversão da energia solar foram estudados em soja (Glycine max (L.) Merri ll, cv. 'Uberaba'), cultivada em condições de campo, sob quatro doses de metribuzin (0, 0,35; 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1). O valor máximo da conversão da energia solar foi de 0,75%, para as plantas cultiva das na maior dose do herbicida. Os valores da conversão da energia solar média durante o ciclo da cultura foram 0,32 ; 0,31 ; 0,32 e 0,33%. em ordem crescente de dose do metribuzin. De modo geral, na fase vegetativa as plantas controle apresentaram valores inferiores em todos os valores de crescimento determinados, superando as tratadas com metribuzin somente na fase reprodutiva, mostrando que no período crítico de competição o dano causado pelas plantas daninhas é maior que a possível fitotoxicida de causada pelo metribuzin.
A volatilidade de projetos industriais para uso em análise de risco de investimentos
Authors: Oliveira Ronildo Jorge de , Pamplona Edson de Oliveira
Published: June 2012

A volatilidade em projetos industriais é um parâmetro significativo na análise de risco de investimentos. Quando se avaliam ativos financeiros, a volatilidade pode ser determinada por meio de dados históricos do ativo, porém, ao se trabalhar com projetos industriais, normalmente, não existem dados históricos. Este fato torna a volatilidade um parâmetro crítico de ser determinado. Este artigo faz a aplicação e a comparação de três abordagens para determinação da volatilidade de um projeto de uma indústria de transformação. Duas destas abordagens adotadas, a "Abordagem Consolidada da Volatilidade de Copeland e Antikarov (2001)" e a "Estimativa de Volatilidade de Herath e Park (2002)", foram obtidas a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica de métodos para cálculo de volatilidade de projetos de investimentos. A terceira abordagem é uma nova proposta para o cálculo da volatilidade, chamada de "A Estimativa da Volatilidade Através da Dependência entre VPo e VP1" . O trabalho realiza a avaliação tradicional de investimentos em um projeto industrial, no qual são aplicadas as três diferentes abordagens de determinação da volatilidade. Conclui-se, com um comparativo entre as três abordagens, que a diferença entre o maior e o menor valor encontrado para a volatilidade é de dezenove pontos percentuais.
Reinserção no mercado de trabalho de ex-trabalhadores com LER/DORT de uma empresa eletrônica na região metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Maeno Maria , Wünsch Filho Victor
Published: June 2012

Este estudo aborda o adoecimento crônico pelo trabalho como fator de exclusão social e econômica por meio da análise do processo de reinserção no mercado de trabalho de trabalhadores com Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (LER), desligados de uma empresa eletroeletrônica da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Foram considerados 722 trabalhadores que haviam tido comunicações de acidentes de trabalho (CAT) emitidas por LER no período de 1987 e 1992. As informações coletadas por meio de questionários enviados por correio e entrevistas realizadas em 1994 e 2000 foram analisadas no tocante a aspectos relacionados ao processo de adoecimento, à discriminação sofrida até o rompimento do vínculo empregatício e à busca por um novo emprego, com base na teoria das representações sociais. Dos 250 questionários respondidos, a maioria era de mulheres (98%) e jovens (67,2%) tinham até 34 anos de idade). Entre os trabalhadores desligados (n=195), na maioria entre 1991 e 1992, 89,2% continuavam desempregados em 1994. Entre as dificuldades alegadas para a reinserção no mercado de trabalho, as mais citadas foram: sintomas nos braços, limitação funcional, estigma da doença e a condição de ex-funcionário da empresa em questão. Coloca-se a necessidade de se repensar o sistema de proteção e vigilância à saúde do trabalhador, bem como de uma política pública de reabilitação profissional.
Proposta de articulação entre abordagens metodológicas para melhoria do processo de reabilitação profissional
Authors: Simonelli Angela Paula , Camarotto João Alberto , Bravo Ecléa Spiridião , Vilela Rodolfo Andrade de Gouveia
Published: June 2012

Este artigo discute as limitações do atual modelo de reinserção do programa de reabilitação profissional do INSS para o retorno do trabalhador afastado por acidente ou doença ocupacional. Estas limitações são discutidas em relação à avaliação parcial da incapacidade do trabalhador e à não consideração estruturada da relação homem-trabalho por ocasião do retorno do trabalhador ao seu local de trabalho. Propõe-se um modelo que utiliza a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) como referência para os profissionais selecionarem avaliações de caráter biopsicossocial para classificação das potencialidades do trabalhador reabilitado e a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) como abordagem para a adaptação dos locais de trabalho. O modelo da CIF considera que a incapacidade não é um atributo da pessoa, mas sim um conjunto de condições que resulta da interação pessoa-meio. A AET pressupõe a compreensão do trabalho nas suas dimensões física, cognitiva e organizacional, cuja análise é centrada na atividade real. Resulta desta proposta uma maior aproximação entre as exigências do trabalho e as potencialidades do trabalhador numa visão social do problema da reinserção.
Absentismo-doença na prefeitura municipal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Santos Jandira Pereira dos , Mattos Airton Pozo de
Published: June 2012

OBJETIVO: O absentismo-doença é o principal motivo de afastamentos de servidores na Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as licenças para tratamento de saúde (LTS) concedidas a servidores da Prefeitura. METODOLOGIA: As informações foram fornecidas pela Gerência de Saúde do Servidor Municipal (GSSM). Foram analisadas LTS > 15 dias concedidas aos servidores no período de 1º de janeiro de 2004 a 31 de dezembro de 2005. RESULTADOS: As LTS > 15 dias concedidas no período somaram 14.779. Em 2004, foram concedidas 6.522 licenças a 1.963 servidores, a uma razão de 3,3 LTS por servidor; em 2005, a concessão foi de 8.257 LTS para 2.262 servidores, a uma razão de 3,6. Considerando uma significância de 5%, foi observada uma diferença entre as proporções de licenças > 15 dias concedidas em 2004 e em 2005. No período, foram perdidos 311.721 dias de trabalho. A taxa de absentismo-doença foi de 3,9% em 2004 e de 3,7% em 2005. Os transtornos mentais foram as doenças que mais afastaram os servidores, com uma proporção de 39,59%. A secretaria com maior índice de absentismo-doença no período foi a Secretaria Municipal de Esportes. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento destes dados poderá permitir uma ação mais efetiva na prevenção e no controle do absentismo-doença com o intuito de diminuir as taxas encontradas.
Contribuição da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho para o debate: "o mundo contemporâneo do trabalho e a saúde mental do trabalhador"
Authors: Bouyer Gilbert Cardoso
Published: June 2012

O principal propósito deste artigo é ampliar o cenário teórico atual da Saúde Mental e Trabalho. Por isso, o texto se baseia, também, nas nossas próprias contribuições para esta área nos últimos dez anos de pesquisas empíricas e teóricas, em contextos de produção industrial e de serviços. Propõe-se discutir, por meio de algumas incursões no campo da saúde mental e trabalho, as repercussões psíquicas geradas pelo trabalho contemporâneo. O artigo debate, também, aspectos teóricos e práticos das relações entre organizações do trabalho contemporâneas e a subjetividade, de acordo com a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, em seus fundamentos teóricos na psicanálise e na tradição compreensiva das ciências hermenêuticas. Utilizamos as atuais contribuições da clínica do trabalho dejouriana para a compreensão das relações entre saúde mental e trabalho. Há, também, referências à Psicodinâmica do Trabalho aplicada em organizações contemporâneas (indústria e serviços) baseadas na proposta teórico-metodológica de Dejours.
Conceito(s) de burnout: questões atuais da pesquisa e a contribuição da clínica
Authors: Vieira Isabela
Published: June 2012

Considerando o crescente interesse científico no fenômeno burnout, apresentamos uma amostra da diversidade teórica que forma o campo de pesquisa neste tema a partir de algumas questões atuais de discussão sobre o seu conceito. Discutimos aparentes limitações da abordagem empírica à compreensão da natureza conceitual do burnout, apontando uma possível contribuição da clínica (dentro do campo da Psiquiatria) a este debate.
O vírus Influenza H1N1 e os trabalhadores da suinocultura: uma revisão
Authors: Oliveira Neidimila Aparecida Silveira , Iguti Aparecida Mari
Published: June 2012

Considerando-se o grande impacto midiático e populacional da recente epidemia pelo vírus Influenza H1N1, em função do seu risco potencial de alta letalidade, decidimos realizar esta revisão, de forma a melhor compreender as relações entre a exposição aos suínos e a possível contaminação laboral. A influenza, também conhecida como gripe, é uma doença viral adquirida através do contato humano com animais domesticados. Os suínos são importantes hospedeiros do vírus Influenza H1N1 (swine-like Influenza A) e susceptíveis às infecções por vírus Influenza de origem aviária e humana. Os suínos possuem importante papel na transmissão viral entre espécies e na epidemiologia da influenza humana. A epidemia por Influenza A H1N1/2009 representou um grande desafio para as autoridades públicas e setores privados da saúde, no que se refere às medidas de planejamento e execução de ações de prevenção e tratamento. Estima-se que 89 milhões de pessoas tenham sido contaminadas por este vírus, com até 403 mil casos de hospitalização e 18.300 óbitos até abril de 2010. Embora estejamos em período pós-pandemia, acredita-se que o vírus H1N1 tenha atualmente um comportamento semelhante ao vírus de gripe sazonal, causando focos infecciosos localizados e com níveis ainda significativos de transmissão. Destaca-se a preocupação com a saúde dos trabalhadores diretamente ligados à suinocultura, já que essa atividade produtiva apresenta uma situação de risco aos trabalhadores envolvidos e também à comunidade.
Participação da sociedade civil na política ambiental do Governo Lula
Authors: Losekann Cristiana
Published: June 2012

O trabalho analisa um conjunto de formas de participação de organizações civis na política ambiental durante o governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, entre os anos de 2003 e 2008, levando em consideração aspectos da efetividade da participação e da democratização dos debates acerca do meio ambiente. Fundamenta-se em pesquisa qualitativa, com fontes documentais e entrevistas. As conclusões apontam para a existência de uma sociedade civil altamente organizada e que utiliza múltiplos mecanismos de participação visando um alcance maior para a sua efetividade. Sugere, também, que tanto a efetividade quanto a democratização estão ligados à existência de garantias institucionais, sem as quais dificilmente é possível contrapor-se aos interesses econômicos.
Anorexia e melancolia
Authors: Lima Mônica Assunção Costa
Published: June 2012

O texto desenvolve a proposição freudiana, que se encontra no Rascunho G, de que a anorexia é a neurose paralela à melancolia. Propõe que o elo entre melancolia e anorexia deve ser buscado no campo do narcisismo. Explora quatro aspectos da melancolia que permitem a aproximação destas duas afecções, entre elas, a inibição, a perspectiva de uma instância crítica que se diferencia do eu e se volta contra ele, o sadismo com que essa instância crítica trata o eu, e a identificação do eu ao objeto.
Dubois d'Amiens e a sua concepção sistemática da hipocondria e da histeria na França
Authors: Maurissen Sophie , Pereira Mário Eduardo Costa
Published: June 2012

Frédéric Dubois d'Amiens foi o vencedor do concurso da Sociedade Real de Medicina de Bordeaux em 1830, graças à apresentação da sua tese intitulada "História filosófica da hipocondria e da histeria". De um ponto de vista existencial, sistemático e por meio de um método histórico-filosófico, ele propõe uma descrição inédita da hipocondria, pois descreve passo a passo a constituição do sujeito afetado, revolucionando assim as concepções médicas e psicopatológicas dessa doença. Apesar das diversas críticas que lhe são apontadas, Dubois d'Amiens reconhece à hipocondria, desde 1830, um sofrimento psíquico e físico específico e vê nela uma forma de pensar, enquanto que Freud a classificará mais tarde como uma neurose atual.
Stage–discharge prediction in straight compound channels using 3D numerical models
Authors: Conway Philip , O'Sullivan John James , Lambert Martin Francis
Published: June 2012

An improved approach for applying three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to estimate uniform flow stage–discharge relationships and velocity distributions in straight compound channels is presented. Commonly used modelling approaches tend to be over-specified. For a given flow and water level, desired results are obtained through calibration of resistance coefficients that can be artificially high and vary with changing flow conditions. Furthermore, the momentum interaction at the main channel–floodplain interface is sometimes ignored or is accounted for using a constant eddy viscosity. This potentially results in an overestimation of conveyance capacity in compound channels. The proposed approach represents an advance on these methods and uses a 3D CFD model with k–ε turbulence closure in a predictive capacity where a flow together with physically realistic resistance coefficients are specified. Downstream water levels are then iteratively adjusted until uniform flow conditions are established in the channel. The approach is validated against benchmark experimental data obtained from the large-scale UK Flood Channel Facility and is compared with predictions from divided channel methods.
Transcending scale dependence in identifying habitat with resource selection functions
Authors: DeCesare Nicholas J. , Hebblewhite Mark , Schmiegelow Fiona , Hervieux David , McDermid Gregory J. , Neufeld Lalenia , Bradley Mark , Whittington Jesse , Smith Kirby G. , Morgantini Luigi E. , Wheatley Matthew , Musiani Marco
Published: June 2012

Multi‐scale resource selection modeling is used to identify factors that limit species distributions across scales of space and time. This multi‐scale nature of habitat suitability complicates the translation of inferences to single, spatial depictions of habitat required for conservation of species. We estimated resource selection functions (RSFs) across three scales for a threatened ungulate, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), with two objectives: (1) to infer the relative effects of two forms of anthropogenic disturbance (forestry and linear features) on woodland caribou distributions at multiple scales and (2) to estimate scale‐integrated resource selection functions (SRSFs) that synthesize results across scales for management‐oriented habitat suitability mapping. We found a previously undocumented scale‐specific switch in woodland caribou response to two forms of anthropogenic disturbance. Caribou avoided forestry cut‐blocks at broad scales according to first‐ and second‐order RSFs and avoided linear features at fine scales according to third‐order RSFs, corroborating predictions developed according to predator‐mediated effects of each disturbance type. Additionally, a single SRSF validated as well as each of three single‐scale RSFs when estimating habitat suitability across three different spatial scales of prediction. We demonstrate that a single SRSF can be applied to predict relative habitat suitability at both local and landscape scales in support of critical habitat identification and species recovery.
Watershed land use effects on lake water quality in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Anders , Trolle Dennis , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben L. , Bjerring Rikke , Olesen Jørgen E. , Jeppesen Erik
Published: June 2012

Mitigating nutrient losses from anthropogenic nonpoint sources is today of particular importance for improving the water quality of numerous freshwater lakes worldwide. Several empirical relationships between land use and in‐lake water quality variables have been developed, but they are often weak, which can in part be attributed to lack of detailed information about land use activities or point sources. We examined a comprehensive data set comprising land use data, point‐source information, and in‐lake water quality for 414 Danish lakes. By excluding point‐source‐influenced lakes (n = 210), the strength in relationship (R2) between in‐lake total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and the proportion of agricultural land use in the watershed increased markedly, from 10–12% to 39–42% for deep lakes and from 10–12% to 21–23% for shallow lakes, with the highest increase for TN. Relationships between TP and agricultural land use were even stronger for lakes with rivers in their watershed (55%) compared to lakes without (28%), indicating that rivers mediate a stronger linkage between landscape activity and lake water quality by providing a “delivery” mechanism for excess nutrients in the watershed. When examining the effect of different near‐freshwater land zones in contrast to the entire watershed, relationships generally improved with size of zone (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m from the edge of lake and streams) but were by far strongest using the entire watershed. The proportion of agricultural land use in the entire watershed was best in explaining lake water quality, both relative to estimated nutrient surplus at agricultural field level and near‐lake land use, which somewhat contrasts typical strategies of management policies that mainly target agricultural nutrient applications and implementation of near‐water buffer zones. This study suggests that transport mechanisms within the whole catchment are important for the nutrient export to lakes. Hence, the whole watershed should be considered when managing nutrient loadings to lakes, and future policies should ideally target measures that reduce the proportion of cultivated land in the watershed to successfully improve lake water quality.
Brine Reuse in Ion‐Exchange Softening: Salt Discharge, Hardness Leakage, and Capacity Tradeoffs
Authors: Flodman Hunter R. , Dvorak Bruce I.
Published: June 2012

Ion‐exchange water softening results in the discharge of excess sodium chloride to the aquatic environment during the regeneration cycle. In order to reduce sodium chloride use and subsequent discharge from ion‐exchange processes, either brine reclaim operations can be implemented or salt application during regeneration can be reduced. Both result in tradeoffs related to loss of bed volumes treated per cycle and increased hardness leakage. An experimentally validated model was used to compare concurrent water softening operations at various salt application quantities with and without the direct reuse of waste brine for treated tap water of typical midwestern water quality. Both approaches were able to reduce salt use and subsequent discharge. Reducing salt use and discharge by lowering the salt application rate during regeneration consequently increased hardness leakage and decreased treatment capacity. Single or two tank brine recycling systems are capable of reducing salt use and discharge without increasing hardness leakage, although treatment capacity is reduced.
Identification of emission sources of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the industrial zone of the city of Novi Sad
Authors: Jovcic Natasa , Radonic Jelena , Turk-Sekulic Maja , Vojinovic-Miloradov Mirjana , Popov Srdjan
Published: June 2012

Data on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air accessed at
selected locations in the vicinity of the industrial zone of the city of Novi
Sad, Serbia, have been presented and analyzed in order to determine seasonal
and spatial variations and to identify emission sources of particle-bound
PAHs. Previous studies have demonstrated that the major contributors of PAHs
in urban areas are the emissions from vehicle exhaust, and emissions releases
from industrial processes like aluminium production, creosote and wood
preservation, waste incineration, cement manufacture, petrochemical and
related industries, commercial heat/power production etc. The sampling
campaigns have been conducted at three sampling sites, during the two 14-day
periods. The first site was situated near industrial area, with a refinery,
power plant and heavy-traffic road in the vicinity. The second site was
located nearby the heavy traffic area, especially busy during the rush hour.
The third site was residential district. Summer sampling period lasted from
June 26th to July 10th 2008, while sampling of ambient air during the winter
was undertaken from January 22nd to February 5th 2009. Eighty-four (84) air
samples were collected using a high volume air sampler TCR Tecora
H0649010/ECHO. 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in
all samples using a gas chromatographer with a mass spectrometer as a
detector (Shimatzu MDGC/GCMS-2010). The total average concentrations of PAHs
ranged from 1.21 to 1.77 ng/m3 during the summer period and from 6.31 to 7.25
ng/m3 in the winter. Various techniques, including diagnostic ratio (DR) and
principal component analysis (PCA), have been used to define and evaluate
potential emission sources of PAHs. Diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that
vehicles, diesel or/and gasoline, industrial and combustion emissions were
sources of PAHs in the vicinity of the industrial zone. Additionally,
principal component analysis was used to constrain the potential sources. The
results showed that vehicles are the predominant source of particle-bound
PAHs during the whole year, and stationary sources (thermal power and heating
plant, oil refinery, individual furnaces) during the winter period.
Effect of tungsten carbide in carbon Pt catalyst support on electrochemical oxygen reduction in acid solution
Authors: Obradovic Maja , Babic Biljana , Krstajic Nedeljko , Gojkovic Snezana
Published: June 2012

Tungsten carbide was synthesized by calcination of carbon cryogel with
embedded tungsten in a form of metatungstate. This material was used as a
support for Pt nanoparticles. XRD pattern of W-C support indicates the
presence of WC, W2C, and unreacted W, as well as graphitized carbon.
According to the previous TEM analysis of W-C support, it contains particles
with core-shell structure, where W particle was covered with the shell of a
mixture of WC and W2C. The average Pt grain size calculated from XRD pattern
was about 6 nm. Cyclic voltammogram of W-C support was recorded within
potential range relevant for its application as a catalyst support in fuel
cells. Pair of anodic/cathodic peaks close to the negative potential limit
could be ascribed to the intercalation of hydrogen within hydrous tungsten
oxide, which is always present on the surface of WC in aqueous solutions.
Cyclic voltammogram of Pt/W-C indicated that tungsten oxide species are
present on tungsten carbide shell as well as on the surface of Pt
nanoparticles. Pt surface is only partially covered by hydrous tungsten
oxide. Hydrogen intercalation in hydrous tungsten oxide is enhanced in the
presence of Pt nanoparticles. Also, the presence of hydrated tungsten oxide
leads to the decrease of OH chemisorbed on Pt surface. Stripping of
underpotentially deposited copper was used for the assessment of Pt surface
area and the specific surface area of Pt was estimated to 41 m2 g-1.
Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction was examined on the synthesized
Pt/W-C catalyst and compared with the results on the commercial Pt/C
catalyst. It was found that the current densities at Pt/W-C are almost double
as those on Pt/C. The Tafel plots for both catalysts are characterized with
two Tafel slopes: -0.060 V dec-1 at low current densities, and -0.120 V dec-1
at high current densities. From the rotational dependence of the reaction
rate, it was found that oxygen reduction on both Pt/W-C and Pt/C follows the
first order kinetics with respect to O2 and that four electrons are
transferred per O2 molecule. The results show that the presence of tungsten
carbide in support material i.e. hydrous tungsten oxide on Pt surface, leads
to promotion of oxygen reduction on the Pt/W-C catalyst. It was assumed that
oxophilic hydrated tungsten oxide hinders OH adsorption on Pt surface, thus
increasing Pt surface area available for O2 adsorption and its
electrochemical reduction.
Possible application of brewer’s spent grain in biotechnology
Authors: Pejin Jelena , Radosavljevic Milos , Grujic Olgica , Mojovic Ljiljana , Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Nikolic Svetlana , Djukic-Vukovic Aleksandra
Published: June 2012

Brewer?s spent grain is the major by-product in beer production. It is
produced in large quantities (20 kg per 100 liters of produced beer)
throughout the year at a low cost or no cost, and due to its high protein and
carbohydrates content it can be used as a raw material in biotechnology.
Biotechnological processes based on renewable agro-industrial by-products
have ecological (zero CO2 emission, eco-friendly by-products) and economical
(cheap raw materials and reduction of storage costs) advantages. The use of
brewer?s spent grain is still limited, being basically used as animal feed.
Researchers are trying to improve the application of brewer?s spent grain by
finding alternative uses apart from the current general use as an animal
feed. Its possible applications are in human nutrition, as a raw material in
biotechnology, energy production, charcoal production, paper manufacture, as
a brick component, and adsorbent. In biotechnology brewer?s spent grain could
be used as a substrate for cultivation of microorganisms and enzyme
production, additive of yeast carrier in beer fermentation, raw material in
production of lactic acid, bioethanol, biogas, phenolic acids, xylitol, and
pullulan. Some possible applications for brewer?s spent grain are described
in this article including pre-treatment conditions (different procedures for
polysaccharides, hemicelluloses, and cellulose hydrolysis), working
microorganisms, fermentation parameters and obtained yields. The chemical
composition of brewer?s spent grain varies according to barley variety,
harvesting time, malting and mashing conditions, and a quality and type of
unmalted raw material used in beer production. Brewer?s spent grain is
lignocellulosic material rich in protein and fibre, which account for
approximately 20 and 70% of its composition, respectively.
Immunohistochemical and immunopathologic characterization of superficial stromal immune-mediated keratitis in horses
Authors: Pate Diana O. , Clode Alison B. , Olivry Thierry , Cullen John M. , Salmon Jacklyn H. , Gilger Brian C.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To describe the immunopathologic characteristics of superficial stromal immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) immunopathologically by characterizing cellular infiltrate in affected corneas of horses.

Animals—10 client-owned horses with IMMK.

Procedures—Immunohistochemical staining was performed on keratectomy samples with equine antibodies against the T-cell marker CD3 and B-cell marker CD79a (10 eyes) and the T-helper cytotoxic marker CD4 and T-cell cytotoxic marker CD8 (6 eyes). Percentage of positively stained cells was scored on a scale from 0 (no cells stained) to 4 (> 75% of cells stained). Equine IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were used to detect corneal immunoglobulin via direct immunofluorescence (10 eyes). Serum and aqueous humor (AH) samples from 3 horses with IMMK were used to detect circulating and intraocular IgG against corneal antigens via indirect immunofluorescence on unaffected equine cornea.

Results—Percentage scores (scale, 0 to 4) of cells expressing CD3 (median, 2.35 [range, 0.2 to 3.7]; mean ± SD, 2.36 ± 1.08) were significantly greater than scores of cells expressing CD79a (median, 0.55 [range, 0 to 1.5]; mean, 0.69 ± 0.72). All samples stained positively for CD4- and CD8-expressing cells, with no significant difference in scoring. All samples stained positively for IgG, IgM, and IgA. No serum or AH samples collected from horses with IMMK reacted with unaffected equine cornea.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pathogenesis of superficial stromal IMMK included cell-mediated inflammation governed by both cytotoxic and helper T cells. Local immunoglobulins were present in affected corneas; however, corneal-binding immunoglobulins were not detected in the serum or AH from horses with IMMK.
Centrality dependence of freeze-out parameters from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 7.7, 11.5 and 39 GeV
Authors: Kumar Lokesh
Published: June 2012

The RHIC beam energy scan program in its first phase collected data for Au+Au collisions at beam energies of 7.7, 11.5 and 39 GeV. The event statistics collected at these lower energies allow us to study the centrality dependence of various observables in detail, and compare to fixed-target experiments at SPS for similar beam energies. The chemical and kinetic freeze-out parameters can be extracted from the experimentally measured yields of identified hadrons within the framework of thermodynamical models. These then provide information about the system at the stages of the expansion where inelastic and elastic collisions of the constituents cease. We present the centrality dependence of freeze-out parameters for Au+Au collisions at midrapidity for $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 7.7, 11.5, and 39 GeV from the STAR experiment. The chemical freeze-out conditions are obtained by comparing the measured particle ratios (involving π, K, p, and p) to those from the statistical thermal model calculations. The kinetic freeze-out conditions are extracted at these energies by simultaneously fitting the invariant yields of identified hadrons (π, K, and p) using Blast Wave model calculations.
Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the heart
Authors: Voluckiene Elvyra , Uzdavinys Giedrius , Cicenas Saulius , Ivaskeviciene Loreta , Zakarkaite Diana , Nogiene Giedre
Published: June 2012

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare variety of soft-tissue sarcoma of ectomesenchymal origin. The World Health Organisation created the term MPNST to replace previous terminology such as malignant schwannoma, malignant neurilemmoma, neurogenic sarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma for tumours of neurogenic origin with similar biological behavior.[1–3] The vast majority of these tumours develop in extremities. They also tend to be located in unusual sites of the body, such as the pelvic retroperitoneum, infratemporal fossa, intrapericardium, and mediastinum.[1,3,4] This case study presents a patient with an extremely rare primary cardiac MPNST..
Design simulations for a biogas purification process using aqueous amine solutions
Authors: Gawel Richard
Published: June 2012

Using the simulation program CHEMCAD, performance characteristics, design optimization, and costs of an absorption/stripping system used to purify 100 kg h−1 of biogas in a biogas power plant were investigated. Potential absorbents used in the chemical absorption process were the following aqueous solutions: pure diglycolamine, diglycolamine/piperazine, and diglycolamine/methyldiethanolamine/piperazine. Mixtures for agricultural biogas purification to below 1 vol. % of CO2 and 4 × 10−4 mass % of H2S were determined via a simulation in the above mentioned program. The chosen mixtures were then entered into an absorption/desorption system and simulations for each unit were provided by CHEMCAD. From the simulation results, the design parameters were calculated and entered into each unit’s “cost estimation” section in the aforementioned program to estimate the purchase costs of the apparatuses. Taking into account the installation, maintenance, as well as other additional costs, the actual machine purchase costs were multiplied by the Lang factor. Costs of additional streams were also calculated by multiplying the ten-year utility losses by their respective cost factors. From these calculations, the absorbent mixture, allowing biogas production at the lowest estimated costs for ten years, was found.
N,N′-methylenedipyridinium Pt(II) and Pt(IV) hybrid salts: synthesis, crystal and molecular structures of [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6]
Authors: Al-Ktaifani Mahmoud , Rukiah Mwaffak
Published: June 2012

The highly insoluble organic-inorganic hybrid ionic compounds N,N′-methylenedipyridinium tetrachloroplatinate(II) [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and N,N′-methylenedipyridinium hexachloroplatinate(IV) [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6] were obtained by the treatment of N,N′-methylenedipyridinium dichloride monohydrate [(C5H5N)2CH2]Cl2 · H2O with K2[PtCl4] or (NH4)2[PtCl6], respectively, in an aqueous solution. Both complexes were isolated, purified, characterised by elemental analysis, and their molecular structures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of both compounds consists of separated discrete dications [(C5H5N)2CH2]2+ and anions [PtCln]2− (n = 4 or 6). As anticipated, the dications formed a butterfly shape consisting of two pyridine rings bound to the methylene group via their N atoms, while the Pt centre had a square planar geometry in [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and an octahedral coordination in [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6]. Interestingly, both crystal structures are stabilised by intermolecular C-H…Cl non-standard hydrogen bonds, π-π ring interactions between two pyridine rings of adjacent dications, and also by Cl-π interactions.
A context management architecture for m-commerce applications
Authors: Poulcheria Benou , Costas Vassilakis
Published: June 2012

Mobile commerce applications operate in highly dynamic environments with diverse characteristics and interesting challenges. The characteristics and conditions of these environments -called context-, can be exploited to provide adaptive mobile services, in terms of user interface, functionality and content, in order to offer more effective m-commerce. Today, building adaptive mobile services is a complex and time-consuming task due to the lack of standardized methods, tools and architectures for the identification, representation and management of the context. Addressing some of these issues, recent works have provided formal extensions for various stages of the m-commerce application lifecycle, such as extended UML class diagrams for building design models and have used context parameters in order to offer adaptive applications. Using these works as the basis, in this paper we propose a context management architecture, which accommodates the requirements that have been identified for m-commerce applications. The proposed architecture is evaluated in terms of completeness, complexity, performance and utility, and compared against other approaches proposed in the literature regarding its suitability for supporting context-aware m-commerce applications.
Centric diatoms of large rivers and tributaries in Hungary: morphology and biogeographic distribution
Authors: Kiss Keve T. , Klee Rolf , Ector Luc , Ács Éva
Published: June 2012

Centric diatoms of 107 different Hungarian running waters were investigated. Among them the largest was the River Danube, from which more than one hundred plankton samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Only one sample was analysed from creeks, which were the smallest running waters analysed in this study. There were also channels with slow currents flowing out of rivers or connecting different rivers. In total, 41 centric taxa belonging to 11 genera were found during this study. The average number of taxa found in a single watercourse was 7, the maximum 40 and the minimum 1.Cyclotella meneghinianawas the most frequently encountered species (present in 60% of sites). Twelve taxa were found in more than 20% of sites, 7 taxa between 5-10% and 6 taxa only in one site.
The Price of University Press Books: 2009–2011
Authors: Greco Albert N. , Wharton Robert M. , Sen Falguni
Published: June 2012

Drawing on the data collected by Yankee Book Peddler, this article analyses the average prices and title output of books published by university presses and commercial scholarly and professional publishers in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The authors also sought to answer a series of questions that have long perplexed the entire university press community: First, are too many scholarly books being published in North America; second, what are the channels of distribution for these books, and have they changed recently; and third, can university presses develop a strategy that will enable them to maintain their role as the pivotal source of substantive scholarly research?
Dietary therapy to promote neuroprotection in chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Holly Langston T. , Blaskiewicz Donald , Wu Aiguo , Feng Cameron , Ying Zhe , Gomez-Pinilla Fernando
Published: June 2012

Object

The pathogenesis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is related to both primary mechanical and secondary biological injury. The authors of this study explored a novel, noninvasive method of promoting neuroprotection in myelopathy by using curcumin to minimize oxidative cellular injury and the capacity of omega-3 fatty acids to support membrane structure and improve neurotransmission.

Methods

An animal model of CSM was created using a nonresorbable expandable polymer placed in the thoracic epidural space, which induced delayed myelopathy. Animals that underwent placement of the expandable polymer were exposed to either a diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid and curcumin (DHA-Cur) or a standard Western diet (WD). Twenty-seven animals underwent serial gait testing, and spinal cord molecular assessments were performed after the 6-week study period.

Results

At the conclusion of the study period, gait analysis revealed significantly worse function in the WD group than in the DHA-Cur group. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), syntaxin-3, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured in the thoracic region affected by compression and lumbar enlargement. Results showed that BDNF levels in the DHA-Cur group were not significantly different from those in the intact animals but were significantly greater than in the WD group. Significantly higher lumbar enlargement syntaxin-3 in the DHA-Cur animals combined with a reduction in lipid peroxidation (4-HNE) indicated a possible healing effect on the plasma membrane.

Conclusions

Data in this study demonstrated that DHA-Cur can promote spinal cord neuroprotection and neutralize the clinical and biochemical effects of myelopathy.