bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular biology of sporadic vestibular schwannomas including genetic and epigenetic alterations
Authors: Makuszewska Maria , Litwiniuk-Kosmala Małgorzata , Bartoszewicz Robert , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors, developing from neoplastic Schwann cells, that produce myelin sheath covering vestibular nerve fibers. The majority of these tumors are sporadic VS and very rarely they can be associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). VSs are usually characterized with slow growth rate, however some of them appear to have a cystic structure, grow more rapidly, can cause facial nerve palsy and brainstem compression. The molecular hallmark of both sporadic and NF-2 associated VS is the inactivation of supresor gene NF-2, also called merlin gene.
Aim: In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular biology of VS, including genetic and epigenetic aberrations, altered gene expression and specific microRNA expression profiles.
Review and analysis of therapeutic methods dedicated to retained primitive reflexes
Authors: Krzeszewska Paulina , Mikołajewska Emilia
Published: October 2020

An increasing interest in the topic of retained primitive reflexes in children has been observed in recent years. There is greater awareness of the occurrence and consequences of the aforementioned reflexive reactions among specialists and parents, and the number of the therapy forms offered is growing. However, these forms are often at variance with the current research on the clinical picture of persistent reflexes or on the results of therapeutic procedures undertaken. The popularity of a given therapeutic method is not always proportional to its scientific validity. The aim of this article is to review and analyze therapeutic methods dedicated to retained primitive reflexes.
Hand therapy as a holistic form of support for students with fine motor challenges
Authors: Zielińska Maja
Published: October 2020

Today’s students are increasingly manifesting dysfunctions in the area of fine motor skills. This entails many difficulties in daily life. Apart from problems relating to self-care activities, it also contributes to graphomotor challenges, including serious problems in learning to write. The article presents a model of hand therapy as a holistic form of support for students manifesting dysfunctions in the area of fine motor skills. It discusses an outline of hand therapy classes along with assessment and treatment measures. Finally, it presents a sample plan for working with students based on the specific nature of hand therapy classes.
Padrões espaciais do capital criativo e do capital humano no Brasil: efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento econômico regional
Authors: Stein Natália , Adamczyk Willian , Fochezatto Adelar
Published: October 2020

O objetivo é investigar a distribuição espacial das classes criativas nas microrregiões brasileiras e sua relação com o desenvolvimento regional. Para isso, testa-se o poder explicativo da Teoria do Capital Criativo frente ao da Teoria do Capital Humano para as diferenças de renda per capita entre as microrregiões. Os resultados indicam que as microrregiões com maior PIB per capita e boa parte da população com alto índice educacional estão concentradas nas regiões da metade sul do Brasil. O I de Moran indicou que ambas as variáveis estão associadas com o nível de desenvolvimento das microrregiões, porém o capital humano apresentou resultado mais expressivo. O teste de Indicadores de Associação Espacial Local (LISA) revelou a presença de clusters alto-alto para ambas as variáveis na metade sul. O modelo econométrico espacial apontou que o capital humano tem um efeito mais forte que o capital criativo sobre o desenvolvimento econômico das microrregiões brasileiras.
A encruzilhada da abordagem cultural na Geografia
Authors: Silva Leonardo Luiz Silveira da
Published: October 2020

O artigo propõe uma exposição sobre a abordagem cultural na Geografia desde a institucionalização acadêmica da disciplina, partindo do pressuposto que as abordagens não podem ser entendidas como saberes isolados e fragmentados. Neste trabalho, correntes da Geografia são definidas como rótulos que possuem serventia didática, mas que não dão conta de dimensionar e caracterizar as estruturas híbridas do pensamento. O artigo defende assim a ideia de que as abordagens culturais são híbridas, não havendo um tipo ideal, ainda que o determinismo ambiental tenha sido praticamente banido da academia, sobrevivendo em certos recônditos do senso comum. Por intermédio de sua exposição o artigo contempla alguns dos principais conflitos e dilemas da abordagem cultural dos últimos 150 anos.
As Implicações a Política Econômica Global na Tríplice Fronteira (Br, Py, Ar)
Authors: Frasson Margarete
Published: October 2020

O estudo busca analisar três instituições de ensino, na Tríplice Fronteira (BR, PY e AR), no período de 2016-2018, a partir da proposta de integração regional para a América Latina. Considera que  a lógica da fronteira é regulada pelo Estado e pelo mercado. As entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, análise documental e foto-resposta demonstram que a mobilidade humana presente no local faz parte do ajuste global da economia flexível. O estudo conclui que os desafios impostos às instituições de ensino revelam as pressões exercidas em diversas esferas.
Representações geo-histórias de Minas Gerais por meio da Cartografia
Authors: Bastos Regina Gonçalves , Patrocínio Winnie Parreira
Published: October 2020

O trabalho apresenta as representações geográficas e históricas do Estado de Minas Gerais, através da construção de uma linha do tempo com mapas históricos que evidenciam a historicidade do estado. Para isso, utilizou-se o aporte teórico que contém categorias de análise geográfica, como Território; o contexto histórico de Minas Gerais; e a análise dos mapas selecionados para a produção, revelando a influência política da produção cartográfica nos seus diversos usos.
Emergency Management Strategies for Children with Rheumatic Disease During COVID-19 Epidemic Outside Hubei in China
Authors: Wei Xinyi , Sun Xiaoke , Chen Zhi , Du Xiao , Li Jing , Mechali Omar , Jiang Chun , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2020

Background: Since December 2019, many patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) have appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The pneumonia was caused by a novel coronavirus named “coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19” by the WHO on February 11, 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak has created a global public health crisis, and the challenge of combatting this pandemic and its impact is daunting. At present, vaccines and prophylactic therapies for COVID-19 are not available. What we can do now is to aggressively implement infection control measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 via human-to-human transmission. Objectives: The study aimed to summarize the effect of classification and division management methods on the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Department. Methods: Corresponding and targeted medical countermeasures for the prevention and control of COVID-19 from the aspects of personnel, ward, and process management were retrospectively analyzed. Results: From January 16, 2020, to July 31, 2020, there were 11,000 outpatients with rheumatic disease visiting our hospital and 565 children with rheumatic diseases hospitalized in our department. All the patients received timely and reasonable treatment. None of the patients, their caregivers, or medical staff acquired COVID-19 infection in our department, and no suspected COVID-19 case was confirmed in our ward. Conclusions: The model of classification and division management ensured the orderly and safe treatment of children with rheumatic disease during the epidemic prevention and control period, and protected the medical staff from occupational injuries at work, and brought the pandemic under control.
Detection of OqxAB and QepA Efflux Pumps and Their Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Dehnamaki Manijeh , Ghane Maryam , Babaeekhou Laleh
Published: October 2020

Background: The emergence and spread of drug resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates have limited the treatment options for these bacteria. Efflux pumps are considered as one of the key mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates. Objectives: The present study aimed to detect oqxA, oqxB, and qepA efflux genes in K. pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) and survey their association with antibiotic resistance. Methods: In total, 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from urine samples, and an antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of efflux pump genes including, oqxA, oqxB, and qepA, and their association was statistically analyzed with resistance to antibiotics. Results: The highest rate of resistance was obtained against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72%), amikacin (70%), levofloxacin (68%), gentamicin (56%), ceftazidime (56%), and ceftriaxone (51%), and the lowest resistance was against imipenem (10%). Thirty one percent of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Molecular distribution test showed that 57% and 56% of isolates carried the oqxA and oqxB genes, respectively. Also, the frequency of qepA genes was 21%. The presence of oqxA/oqxB and qepA efflux genes were significantly associated with fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam resistance phenotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The high frequency of efflux genes showed that this resistance mechanism is the main way, along with other resistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae isolates. It is necessary to adopt appropriate treatment to reduce the incidence of resistance.
Effects of French Lavender Aromatherapy on the Level of Pain and the Amount of Medications Prescribed to Reduce Post-Appendectomy Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghadirian Fataneh , Karami Kobra , Shirzadegan Razieh , Raiesifar Zeinab , Tahery Noorollah , Almasian Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Background: Since surgical interventions often cause damage to tissues, which in turn stimulates the central nervous system, postoperative pain is unavoidable. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of French lavender on pain and the amount of medications prescribed to reduce post-appendectomy pain. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing acute abdominal surgery are recruited. The intervention was defined as inhaling the essential oil of lavender, while those in the placebo group inhaled almond oil. Pain measurement was performed at baseline, half an hour after the first intervention, and after providing the second and third interventions using the Visual Analogue Scale. Results: At all stages of the study, the lavender aroma was associated with a significant reduction in pain (P < 0.0001). Also, the pain intensity was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that aromatherapy is an effective complementary option to reduce postoperative pain and as an analgesic drug.
Michal Pink a kol: Volební mapy České a Slovenské republiky po roce 1993: vzorce, trendy, proměny
Authors: Kunštát Daniel
Published: October 2020

Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury 2012, 261 s., ISBN 978-80-7325-287-8
Analýza vývoje vnímání národní identity německou CDU v letech 1990–2009
Authors: Vít Michal
Published: October 2020

The paper aims to explain the development of the perception of national identity of the Christian Democratic Party (CDU), the strongest German political party in the past few decades. The paper focuses on election manifestos for the 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, and 2009 elections. For this purpose, each manifesto is examined according to up to five analytical categories – such as values, nation, Europe, threats, and society. These categories explore the party’s perception in a wider context instead of focusing only on direct  references to national identity. The analysed period was divided into three phases with an emphasis on the internal crisis between the years 1998 and 2002. The crisis influenced policy priorities; therefore the perceptions of elements belonging to national identity were changed in order i) to gain victory in the general elections in 2002 and 2005, and ii) to reflect properly the state of German society. Therefore, significant policy shifts were made. These policy changes show how the party successfully integrated societal demands and preferences over the past decade. Thank to this, the CDU incorporated both conservative and liberal elements. This is evident in the case of incorporating liberal elements such as homosexual partnerships while, at the same time, actively stressing the importance of defending national interests.
Compliance of national legal quality level, transport and transportation services safety with world standards in perspective
Authors: Aldangorovich Sarsembayev , Maratovich Sarsembayev , Kudaibergenovna Kussainova , Talgatovna Nazarkulova
Published: October 2020

In this article, the authors analyze the correspondence of international transport law and national (Kazakhstan) law on issues of ensuring the quality and safety of all types of transport and their transportation services. The article suggests the titles of a number of new international conventions and agreement son the need to implement the principles of quality, reliability, and safety of manufactured vehicles, as well a son the necessity to comply with transport safety rules during its operation, which must be developed and adopted in the future. Kazakhstan scientists, vehicle manufacturers must invent and produce original and at the same time reliable, efficient vehicles. Drivers of Kazakhstan's vehicles, as well as drivers in all other countries, are required to follow traffic regulations related not to only modern cars, but also be able to drive future digitalized unmanned vehicles, all those types of transport that will run on solar and other energy of the future. In this regard, the authors proposed the titles of a number of domestic laws on the feasibility of creating new vehicles with high-quality, environmentally friendly engines, artificial intelligence-based steering, and a reliable chassis, which will be adopted in the legal field of Kazakhstan and other states. According to the authors of the article, such approaches will allow the quality and safety of transport and transportation in Kazakhstan to comply with international standards.
Adsorção simultânea e competitividade de cádmio e cobre em solos naturais e antropizados da cidade de Cajapió, Baixada Maranhense
Authors: Otaviano Jonas Juliermerson Silva , Nascimento Jéssica Mesquita do , Sousa José Roberto Pereira de , Oliveira Jorge Diniz de
Published: October 2020

A contaminação de solos por metais potencialmente tóxicos tem provocado danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana nas últimas décadas. O acúmulo desses elementos tóxicos nos solos decorre da deposição inadequada de efluentes domésticos, resíduos sólidos e/ou uso de agrotóxicos inapropriados para o manejo na agricultura. Uma alternativa para redução desses efeitos e melhor compreensão do comportamento desses metais no solo é o estudo de adsorção. Este trabalho objetivou investigar a capacidade de adsorção simultânea de Cu2+ e Cd2+ em ambientes naturais e antropizados localizados na Baixada Maranhense e verificar qual isoterma de adsorção foi mais adequada para esse estudo. Foram determinadas as características físico-químicas e as concentrações dos metais potencialmente tóxicos por espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama (FAAS), além disso, todos os dados foram plotados para os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Os resultados indicaram que a capacidade máxima de adsorção foi favorável ao Cu2+ e ambas as isotermas se adequaram ao estudo de adsorção, contudo, constatou-se que o modelo de Langmuir obteve melhor proximidade com os dados experimentais. Os parâmetros de Csm e b apresentaram que em ambiente natural, o metal Cu2+ foi retido nos solos em medidas com diferentes valores de energias de ligação, explicadas pela afinidade da superfície do adsorvente com o adsorvato.
Efeitos de rizobactérias na promoção de crescimento e controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de paricá
Authors: Pereira Leanne Teles , Andrade Kele Sousa Pires , Nunes Sheila Elke Araújo , Belfort Márcia Guelma Santos , Oliveira Fabiana dos Santos , Nascimento Ivaneide de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) é considerado uma espécie de grande potencial para produção madeireira, pelo seu rápido crescimento, excelente adaptabilidade e pela qualidade da madeira.  Porém, pouco se conhece a respeito do seu desenvolvimento utilizando rizobactérias na fase de mudas oriundas de sementes. Diante disso, objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de patógenos em sementes de paricá e a promoção de crescimento induzidas por rizobactérias. Deste modo, utilizou-se dois isolados de rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas, Pseudomonas sp. e Burkholderia sp..O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Saúde e em casa de vegetação da Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados foram: sementes não microbiolizada (T1); sementes microbiolizadas com Pseudomonas sp. (T2); sementes microbiolizadas com Burkholderia sp. (T3); sementes microbiolizadas com Pseudomonas sp. e Burkholderia sp. (T4). Para o teste de sanidade de sementes foram usadas 400 sementes para análise de fitopatógenos, enquanto que para o teste in vitro foram usadas 200 sementes submetidas a microbiolização com as rizobactérias. Em casa de vegetação foram utilizadas 200 sementes, e as amostras foram analisadas quanto a germinação com 10, 20 e 30 dias, altura de plantas, comprimento radicular, diâmetro basal, biomassa fresca da parte aérea e da raiz  e biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz com 30 dias. Foram identificadas as espécies fúngicas: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. glaucus, A. niger, e Trichoderma sp. O tratamento T4 apresentou eficiência na redução total da incidência fúngica nas sementes de paricá. Foram constatadas correlações positivas entre o parâmetro controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de paricá e uso de rizobactérias, conquanto em casa de vegetação a inoculação de rizobactérias não promoveu significativamente o crescimento das plântulas.
Construire des mobilisations face aux restructurations d’entreprises : une comparaison du pouvoir syndical local en France et au Canada
Authors: Dupuis Mathieu
Published: October 2020

Les restructurations d’entreprises sont des réalités socio-économiques importantes depuis au moins trois décennies. À la suite de la crise de 2008-2009, ces tendances, loin de se résorber, se sont accélérées et ont poussé les représentants des salariés à investir de nouveaux champs d’action stratégiques pour contester, avaliser ou influencer les restructurations. Ces mobilisations syndicales ne sont pas sans faire apparaître de contradictions dans les fonctions représentatives des salariés.

Cet article propose d’analyser ces stratégies et leurs résultats à travers une comparaison internationale de quatre syndicats locaux dans deux contextes nationaux différents (France et Canada). Sa thèse principale est que ces stratégies se doivent d’être analysées au-delà des contextes institutionnels propres et selon la notion de pouvoir syndical « de », c’est-à-dire des capacités associées aux acteurs sociaux. Trois registres d’action sont identifiés, à savoir « d’opposition », « de coopération » et « d’inventivité ».

L’apport de cet article est, à la fois, de souligner l’importance du pouvoir syndical, mais de l’interroger dans la durée, les stratégies d’urgence à la suite d’annonces de restructurations prenant des directions diverses. Bien que cette analyse diachronique relativise la centralité du pouvoir syndical, celui-ci demeure capital à l’heure où les régimes institutionnels subissent d’importantes transformations.
Mapping Wage Theft in the Informal Economy: Employment Standards Violations in Residential Construction and Renovations
Authors: Buckley Michelle
Published: October 2020

This article explores the experiences of informal construction and home renovation workers with payment-related violations of employment standards. Such violations, often broadly referred to as ‘wage theft,’ can comprise an array of practices including, but not limited to, withholding workers’ wages for long periods of time, paying workers below the minimum wage, extracting illegal deductions from workers’ paycheques, and outright not paying the wages due.

Drawing on twenty-two in-depth interviews with foreign-born men employed informally in residential construction and home renovations in Toronto, Ontario, the first half of the article documents the specific forms of wage theft that workers experienced in these sectors where flat daily rates and piece rates are common, but written contracts are not. I also explore the individuated and extra-legal strategies that workers adopted in trying to recoup stolen wages. In general, they framed their sustained efforts to persuade employers to adhere to the law as a form of employment standards enforcement running parallel to the tactics of state enforcement.

In the second half of the article, I examine the accessibility of the more formal legal channels that exist to assist workers in recouping lost wages—specifically, claims filed through the Ontario Labour Relations Board. Through a review of recent case law on Board adjudication of employment standards complaints about wages owing to informally-employed, non-citizen workers, I highlight the document burden that informal workers in this sector must bear in order to file a robust claim with the state.

Drawing on scholarship that has shown how employment standards violations are pervasive in the more sub-contractual and informal tiers of the construction industry, I pinpoint multiple interlocking conditions in informal construction and home renovations that not only increase the likelihood of wage theft for workers in these sectors, but also disproportionately burden them with the responsibility of enforcing the law or proving their employer’s non-compliance. In so doing, I show how this group of workers shoulders the responsibilities of either the state or their employer in recouping lost wages.
Projecting Grid Compression to Reduce Gender Salary Gaps
Authors: Brown Laura K. , Troutt Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the effects of grid compression on gender-based salary gaps. In this case, the workplace setting is a large Canadian research university previously found to have both a positionally segregated cohort of academic staff and a persistent gender-based differential in their salaries. The annual salary grids at this institution underwent seemingly subtle compressions over the course of two decades, with within-rank compression largely confined to the first decade and across-rank compression confined to the second decade.

We employ a simulation methodology to check whether the two types of compression reduce the salary gap to varying degrees. After deflating staff salaries back to the start of each decade, we project the salaries forward using the historical annual increases and grids in place in each year at the university. We compute the gap present in the salary distribution at the start and end of each decade in the simulation, and check whether the gap decreased more across one decade than the other.

We find that across-rank compression of the institution’s salary grid during the second decade narrows the salary gap to a greater extent than the within-rank compression of the earlier decade. Our work demonstrates that employers using stated salary grids could use simulation to monitor the equity effects of their pay policies and shows that they could accelerate the closure of gaps through consciously altering relationships among pay levels at different points in the grid’s hierarchy.
From Industrial to Social Campaigns: Lay Morality, General Elections and Australia’s Trade Union Federation
Authors: Caspersz Donella , Barratt Tom
Published: October 2020

This article considers the potential for union revitalization through campaigning in general elections. It first charts changes in unions’ campaigns in general elections, moving beyond a focus on industrial relations issues towards issues of social significance, such as health and education. Second, by reconceptualizing this activity using lay morality, unions may enhance their ability to increase their power and legitimacy. Thus, by acting in this way, unions can broaden the bases for their legitimacy and build new opportunities for their renewal.

However, this approach may not lead to revitalizing their density, but may open the opportunity for their renewal because this approach consolidates their legitimacy to a broader constituency. We suggest that when unions act in this way, they become agents of social utility who champion the interests of a wider constituency. We argue that, given the dynamics of changes to work and the ways in which workers now work, this provides one route for unions to tap into these multiple subjectivities of workers and remain relevant.

This article combines an analysis of over 1000 media articles that cover four periods of campaigns by peak unions in Australian elections between the years 2007-2016, with original interviews with key informants and an analysis of electoral survey results for each election to provide the discussion. These three methods triangulate to establish the shift in unions’ campaign focus and to suggest that this is a potential path to revitalization.
L’aménagement du pluralisme syndical en droit du travail québécois : quel équilibre entre efficacité et participation des salariés ?
Authors: Bilodeau Pier-Luc
Published: October 2020

En marge du modèle dominant de monopole de l’association majoritaire dans les rapports collectifs du travail, le pluralisme syndical s’est exprimé de longue date au Québec et nécessite un aménagement normatif approprié.

Le présent article vise à identifier les enjeux d’un tel aménagement à partir d’une étude comparative de trois cas, soit : 1- la participation des associations accréditées aux comités d’équité salariale; 2- le traitement des plaintes relatives au maintien de l’équité salariale dans des entreprises où plus d’une association accréditée représente des salariés; et, 3- la participation des associations syndicales à la négociation des conventions collectives sectorielles de l’industrie québécoise de la construction.

L’analyse des solutions retenues par le législateur dans ces trois cas permet de mettre au jour une tension entre efficacité et participation des salariés, ainsi que de discuter des conséquences de celles-ci pour la démocratie au travail.
Çatı Tipi Klimalarda Kullanılan R410A ve Alternatifi Olan Soğutucu Akışkanların Analizi
Authors: OKUDAN Mehmet Onur , ONAT Ayhan
Published: October 2020

Küresel ısınmanın Dünya üzerindeki etkileri her geçen gün artmaktadır. Hükümetler ve sivil toplum kuruluşları bunu önlemek ya da en azından etkilerini yavaşlatmak için çalışmaktadır. Küresel ısınmanın hızlanmasını önlemek için regülasyonlar yayınlanmakta ve bu regülasyonlarla üretici firmaların ürünlerini geliştirmeleri ve alternatif çözümler bulmaları amaçlanmaktadır. Bu regülasyonlarla şirketlerin Dünya’daki çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmaları ve aynı zamanda ürünlerinin verimliliklerini arttırmaları için çözümler bulmaları amaçlanmaktadır.
Bu tez çalışmasında çatı tipi klimlarda R 410A, R 452B, R 454B ve R 32 soğutucu akışkanların kullanımının teorik performans analizlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. R 410A şu anda çatı tipi klimalarda en yaygın olarak kullanılan soğutucu akışkandır. Ancak, yüksek GWP değerinden dolayı yakın gelecekte 517/2014 numaralı EU regülasyonuna göre kullanımı sınırlandırılacaktır. R 410A soğutucu akışkanının yerini alma ihtimali en fazla olan düşük GWP değerine sahip alternatif soğutucu akışkanlar R 452B, R 454B ve R 32’dir. Bu nedenle bu soğutucu akışkanların sezonsal verimlilikleri Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 de dikkate alınarak, EN 14825’e göre hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, R 32 soğutucu akışkanlı çatı tipi klimanın diğer soğutucu akışkanlı çatı tipi klimalar ile karşılaştırıldığında, en yüksek SEER ve SCOP değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. SEER ve SCOP değerleri R 410A soğutucu akışkanlı sistem ile karşılaştırıldığında sırası ile 3.37% ve 4.08% daha verimlidir. Buna ek olarak soğutma ve ısıtma kapasiteleri sırası ile 6.67% ve 4.96% artmıştır. Ayrıca bu performas soğutucu akışkan miktarı 19.66% azaltılarak elde edilmiştir.
How many neurons are sufficient for perception of cortical activity?
Authors: Dalgleish Henry WP , Russell Lloyd E , Packer Adam M , Roth Arnd , Gauld Oliver M , Greenstreet Francesca , Thompson Emmett J , Häusser Michael
Published: October 2020

Many theories of brain function propose that activity in sparse subsets of neurons underlies perception and action. To place a lower bound on the amount of neural activity that can be perceived, we used an all-optical approach to drive behaviour with targeted two-photon optogenetic activation of small ensembles of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse barrel cortex while simultaneously recording local network activity with two-photon calcium imaging. By precisely titrating the number of neurons stimulated, we demonstrate that the lower bound for perception of cortical activity is ~14 pyramidal neurons. We find a steep sigmoidal relationship between the number of activated neurons and behaviour, saturating at only ~37 neurons, and show this relationship can shift with learning. Furthermore, activation of ensembles is balanced by inhibition of neighbouring neurons. This surprising perceptual sensitivity in the face of potent network suppression supports the sparse coding hypothesis, and suggests that cortical perception balances a trade-off between minimizing the impact of noise while efficiently detecting relevant signals.
A novel checkpoint pathway controls actomyosin ring constriction trigger in fission yeast
Authors: Edreira Tomás , Celador Rubén , Manjón Elvira , Sánchez Yolanda
Published: October 2020

In fission yeast, the septation initiation network (SIN) ensures temporal coordination between actomyosin ring (CAR) constriction with membrane ingression and septum synthesis. However, questions remain about CAR regulation under stress conditions. We show that Rgf1p (Rho1p GEF), participates in a delay of cytokinesis under cell wall stress (blankophor, BP). BP did not interfere with CAR assembly or the rate of CAR constriction, but did delay the onset of constriction in the wild type cells but not in thergf1Δ cells. This delay was also abolished in the absence of Pmk1p, the MAPK of the cell integrity pathway (CIP), leading to premature abscission and a multi-septated phenotype. Moreover, cytokinesis delay correlates with maintained SIN signaling and depends on the SIN to be achieved. Thus, we propose that the CIP participates in a checkpoint, capable of triggering a CAR constriction delay through the SIN pathway to ensure that cytokinesis terminates successfully.
Effects of changes in isotopic baselines on the evaluation of food web structure using isotopic functional indices
Authors: Belle Simon , Cabana Gilbert
Published: October 2020

Background

This study aimed to assess whether ecological inferences from isotopic functional indices (IFIs) are impacted by changes in isotopic baselines in aquatic food webs. We used sudden CO2-outgassing and associated shifts in DIC-δ13C brought by waterfalls as an excellent natural experimental set-up to quantify impacts of changes in algal isotopic baselines on ecological inferences from IFIs.

Methods

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic ratios of invertebrate communities sharing similar structure were measured at above- and below-waterfall sampling sites from five rivers and streams in Southern Quebec (Canada). For each sampled invertebrate community, the six Laymans IFIs were then calculated in the δ -space (δ13C vs. δ15N).

Results

As expected, isotopic functional richness indices, measuring the overall extent of community trophic space, were strongly sensitive to changes in isotopic baselines unlike other IFIs. Indeed, other IFIs were calculated based on the distribution of species within δ-space and were not strongly impacted by changes in the vertical or horizontal distribution of specimens in the δ-space. Our results highlighted that IFIs exhibited different sensitivities to changes in isotopic baselines, leading to potential misinterpretations of IFIs in river studies where isotopic baselines generally show high temporal and spatial variabilities. The identification of isotopic baselines and their associated variability, and the use of independent trophic tracers to identify the actual energy pathways through food webs must be a prerequisite to IFIs-based studies to strengthen the reliability of ecological inferences of food web structural properties.
Combating Flash Flood in Haor Areas: Strategic Adaptation towards Sustainable Crop Production
Authors: Baishakhy Smita Dash , Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Amin Md. Ruhul , Choudhury Fahmida Husain
Published: October 2020

In Haor areas of Bangladesh agricultural activities are limited to four - five months of a year due to water logged condition and boro rice is the prominent crop grown within this short time span in dry season. But farmers often had to face almost total crop failure due to recurrent flash flood events. This paper attempts to evaluate Haor farmers’ adaptation through adopting strategies in securing boro rice from flash flood damage at pre-mature and mature stages. To reach this objective, a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from randomly selected 115 Haor farmers from February to May, 2020 while Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were also done as necessary during the research work. Results revealed that cultivation of short duration boro rice variety ranked top followed by practicing varietal diversification and early harvesting of rice (at 80% maturity) as the most significant adaptive strategies in securing boro rice. Obtained results also highlighted the possibilities of attaining desirable resilience through change in the adaptation behavior of Haor farmers’ if the identified farming practices are widely promoted and adopted. Hence, any development plans for Haor area should integrate local knowledge with modern strategies thus resulting a location specific sustainable flash flood adaptation policy.
Availability of Instructional Materials on Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State
Authors: Ali Mustapha , Kura Aminu Baba , Abdu Sherifat Bello , Aliyu Dauda
Published: October 2020

This study examined the availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. Two (2) objectives and a null hypothesis were used to determine the availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Borno state. Survey and Correlational design were used. The total population of the study was 1,236 teachers and 10,349 students out of which 371 teachers and 3,105 students were sampled through simple random sampling. SSCE results for five consecutive years of the 2014-2018 academic sessions were obtained for the study. Checklist and Pro-forma were used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient, frequency and percentage at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed a significant relationship between availability of instructional materials and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Maiduguri Metropolis. The study also found that the instructional materials for teaching and learning are available. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government and other stakeholders should continue to support schools in the state with the necessary instructional materials needed for teaching and learning and School administration should emphasize the use of instructional materials to make learning easier.
Econometric Study of the Impact of Public and Private Investment on Economic Growth in Algeria during the Period (1970-2017)
Authors: Abdallah Hadjoudj , Faouzi TchiKo
Published: October 2020

This article examines the impact of public and private investment on economic growth in Algeria covering the period from 1970 to 2017. By applying the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL)-(bounds testing approach).

The key findings of the study concluded that there is a long-run relationship between public and private investment and economic growth in Algeria.

The result of the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test (ADF) showed that the variables are stationary at the level and at the first difference. In addition, the results of the cointegration test indicated that the variables are cointegrated and therefore have the ability to move together over the long term.

The parsimonious error correction mechanism showed that private investment is significantly related to economic growth. The result indicated that a 1 percent increase in the present value of private investment, on average, stimulates economic growth by 0.09 percent. Similarly, the value of public investment is positively related to economic growth. On average, a 1 percent increase in public investment stimulates growth in Algeria by 0.05 percent.

the results of short-run dynamics reveal that, the error correction term (ECM) is negative and significant (-0.54), which means that 54% of the disequilibrium will be adjusted annually.
Physicochemical Evaluation of the Oil Extracted from Anacardium occidentale Almonds for Energy Use
Authors: Pélagie Yete , Alexis Togbe F. C. , Franck Yovo , Fidèle Suanon , Cosme Kouwanou Sagbo , Valentin Wotto D. , Dominique Sohounhloue
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed at exploring the potential of producing biofuels from unconventional vegetable oils extracted from Anacardium occidentale kernels. Accordingly, oils were extracted from Anacardium occidentale kernels and subjected to physical and chemical characterization namely: density; lower calorific value (PCI); quality indexes; fatty acid profile, viscosity using French and ISO standards.

Results revealed that Anacardium occidentale almonds have a lipidic potential of 52.54%, the transesterification reaction yield was 78.28%. As for the quality indices of the vegetable oil: acidity (˃1%); saponification index (205.29 mg KOH/g-oil); peroxide value (8.08 meq O2/kg-oil) and iodine value (108.84 mg iodine/g-oil) were considerably reduced for biodiesel. The vegetable oil was unsaturated type with the predominance of oleic acid (43.86%). The fuel characteristics of the oil obtained were: acidity (2.89%), density at 40°C (0.796 g/cm3) cetane number (41.47). The raw extracted oil is not usable as fuel for engine due to its very high viscosity ranging 30.69 mm2/s. As a consequence, a prior chemical treatment is necessary to reduce the viscosity. 

Our results provided an insight on the energetic potential of the investigated oil, with respect to its use as a source for biodiesel in replacement of the current conventional diesel fuel.
Identification of Suitable Sites for Groundwater Recharge Using the Boolean Model: Case Study: Sidi Bouzid Acquifers
Authors: Ouerghi Sarra
Published: October 2020

The scarcity of water can have harmful effects on human life. In addition, one noticeable issue humanity is faced with is managing water resources. This study aims at selecting the most suitable areas for groundwater artificial recharge using multi-criteria analysis. The fundamental element of this multi-criteria analysis is the choice of criteria that are the most sensitive part of the multi-criteria formulation of a decision problem. Such Criteria included: Slope, Soil Permeability, Soil Salinity, Depth of the Water table, Proximity to road networks, Proximity to the forest, proximity to wetlands, proximity to irrigation areas, proximity to urban areas, proximity to hydrographic networks, proximity to piezometer and borehole. Using Boolean Model, and in the GIS environment, the layers were produced and classified. The results suggested that the area’s most suitable are equal to 12.1%. Also, use of the land had an impact on the removal of restrictions of artificial recharge areas. It could be claimed that 5.5% of the studied area were considered suitable for artificial recharge in Boolean logic using land-use filtering.
Enhancing the Properties of Water Hyacinth Biomass Briquettes by Mercerization Process
Authors: Moki Elinge Cosmos , Oyibo Micah Chibuike , Yauri A. U. Birnin , Rapheal Ige Ayodeji , Yahaya Yakubu , Ogunleye A. O.
Published: October 2020

Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has a great reproductive potential. The propagation of water hyacinth in most water bodies have decimated the livelihoods of many and reduced the water quality, among other negative effects. Converting this invasive water hyacinth into briquettes will serve as a good measure for controlling its proliferation, and also as a strong strategy for the development of sustainable alternative energy sources. This study explored water hyacinth briquettes as alternative to the local wood fuels through mercerization process to enhance the qualities of a biomass briquette and encourage its use as a renewable energy source of fuel.  The aim was to evaluate the combustion performance of treated water hyacinth (TWH) and water hyacinth (WH). After sample collection, preparation and treatment, the briquettes were produced using 20 g of starch prepared into slurry blended with 80 g of the sample to produce the briquettes. The proximate characteristics, physical properties, combustion properties, the morphologies and structural changes in the briquettes were determined. The results obtained showed that both samples have good energy potentials. The outcome indicates that the alkaline treatment removed the hemicelluloses in the biomass and in turn reduced the moisture content of the briquettes. Consequently, the physical and combustibility properties of the briquettes got improved. The calorific value also improved from (30.58 MJ/Kg) in WH to (34.22 MJ/Kg) in TWH, The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a rough surface which enhanced bonding of the sample particles while the FTIR showed a structural change in the OH groups which indicates that the hemicelluloses have been removed.
Rohingya Refugee Crisis: Security Concerns for Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Saddam , Zhang Hao , Hosain Md. Sajjad , Yun Li
Published: October 2020

This paper aims at identifying the public and national security issues created by the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Different published sources have been utilized in writing this review paper. The authors of this paper argue that the Rohingya issue is creating a number of security concerns for Bangladesh and a unified effort should be made in solving this issue involving Myanmar, Bangladesh, China, India and other neighboring countries. The authors further predict that although the issue is limited to Bangladesh at this moment, it will spread as a regional security concern soon if not solved as early as possible. Finally, the authors expect that this paper will be beneficial for further research on security issues postured by the Rohingyas.
A Novel Approach to Enhance Bone Regeneration by Controlling the Polarity of GaN/AlGaN Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Wang Wenliang , Hao Xiaodong , Peng Yong , Zheng Yulin , Liu Jia , Kang Yiyuan , Zhao Fujian , Luo Zhengtang , Guo Junjie , Xu Bingshe , Shao Longquan , Li Guoqiang
Published: October 2020

Rapid and effective bone regeneration is still a major challenge in the clinical treatment of various bone diseases. Although recently developed electroactive materials have demonstrated high bone regeneration potential, the instability of the electrical stimulation and the unclear effects of the charge polarity on osteogenic differentiation hinder their clinical applications. In this work, GaN/AlGaN materials with well‐controlled polarity are used for the first time to induce endogenous electric stimulation and facilitate bone regeneration. By controlling the direction and magnitude of the piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization in the functional layer (GaN), charged GaN/AlGaN surfaces of opposite polarity, whose zeta potentials are within the range of the physiological potential, are obtained. Compared with N‐polarity GaN/AlGaN (with a positively charged surface), Ga‐polarity GaN/AlGaN (with a negatively charged surface) nanofilms show rapid and superior bone repair in vivo. In addition, the Ga‐polarity GaN/AlGaN hetero‐structures significantly promote the attachment, spreading, recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, the bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP6) expression profile in the early stages of osteogenic differentiation reveals that BMP6 may be an electrically sensitive osteogenic protein. This work sheds light on the application of III‐nitride materials in bone regeneration.
Methyl Radical Initiated Kharasch and Related Reactions
Authors: Tappin Nicholas D. C. , Renaud Philippe
Published: October 2020

An improved procedure to run halogen atom and related chalcogen group transfer radical additions is reported. The procedure relies on the thermal decomposition of di‐tert‐butylhyponitrite (DTBHN), a safer alternative to the explosive diacetyl peroxide, to produce highly reactive methyl radicals that can initiate the chain process. This mode of initiation generates byproducts that are either gaseous (N2) or volatile (acetone and methyl halide) thereby facilitating greatly product purification by either flash column chromatography or distillation. In addition, remarkably simple and mild reaction conditions (refluxing EtOAc during 30 minutes under normal atmosphere) and a low excess of the radical precursor reagent (2 equivalents) make this protocol particularly attractive for preparative synthetic applications. This initiation procedure has been demonstrated with a broad scope since it works efficiently to add a range of electrophilic radicals generated from iodides, bromides, selenides and xanthates over a range of unactivated terminal alkenes. A diverse set of radical trap substrates exemplifies a broad functional group tolerance. Finally, di‐tert‐butyl peroxyoxalate (DTBPO) is also demonstrated as alternative source of tert‐butoxyl radicals to initiate these reactions under identical conditions which gives gaseous by‐products (CO2).

magnified image
Jet‐Printing Microfluidic Devices on Demand
Authors: Soitu Cristian , Stovall‐Kurtz Nicholas , Deroy Cyril , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J.
Published: October 2020

There is an unmet demand for microfluidics in biomedicine. This paper describes contactless fabrication of microfluidic circuits on standard Petri dishes using just a dispensing needle, syringe pump, three‐way traverse, cell‐culture media, and an immiscible fluorocarbon (FC40). A submerged microjet of FC40 is projected through FC40 and media onto the bottom of a dish, where it washes media away to leave liquid fluorocarbon walls pinned to the substrate by interfacial forces. Such fluid walls can be built into almost any imaginable 2D circuit in minutes, which is exploited to clone cells in a way that beats the Poisson limit, subculture adherent cells, and feed arrays of cells continuously for a week. This general method should have wide application in biomedicine.
The playwright and the historian: Contradicting and complementing each other
Authors: Lerner Motti
Published: October 2020

Editor's Note:

The following essay came to us from Motti Lerner in response to our publication of special issue, 17:2, Settler Colonialism: The Palestinian/Israeli Case.