bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“It Makes Him Feel Even Farther Away”: Disruptions in Communication Among Families Impacted by Incarceration During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boppre Breanna , Novisky Meghan A.
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted people across the globe but left particular risks and restrictions for incarcerated people. Lockdowns and the suspension of in-person visitation in U.S. facilities drastically changed everyday life for incarcerated people and their families. Families on the outside were left with less contact with their incarcerated loved ones. This study explores access to communication during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of families with incarcerated loved ones in the United States. We conducted two rounds of interviews with family members across 20 states ( n = 59). Results of our thematic analysis reveal stressors encountered by families during the pandemic, including worry and frustration around uncertainty in communication, disconnected relationships due to visitation closure, and additional financial and emotional burdens. Interviewees noted the importance of social support in coping with these stressors. We discuss theoretical and policy implications followed by future directions.
Glycerol-treated polypropylene/carbon black nanocomposites: Analysis of electrical, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Tabatabaee Farzane , Hanifi Saeed , Tavakkol Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Electrically conductive nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP) were prepared using carbon black (CB) nanoparticles via melt blending in the presence of glycerol and castor oil as hydroxyl functional dispersing aids and maleic anhydride–grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a compatibilizer. Initially, electrical conductivity of PP/CB nanocomposites with different dosages of both CB nanoparticles and dispersing aids were investigated through electrical analysis. Results indicated that castor oil had no beneficial effects on electrical conductivity. However, the efficiency of 3 wt% loading of glycerol was verified through measurements of electrical, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties as well as by morphological studies. The volume electrical conductivity value of PP nanocomposites containing 12 wt% CB significantly enhanced to 1.2 × 10−4 S/cm by adding 3 wt% glycerol in compared with nanocomposite without glycerol with the volume conductivity value of 1.8 × 10−6 S/cm. Incorporation of optimum amount of glycerol favoured the dispersion of nanofiller in the matrix which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations, leading to higher conductivity due to better formation of conductive pathways within the matrix. Additionally, at the same concentration of CB nanofiller, samples treated with 3 wt% glycerol showed higher melting temperatures, storage modulus ( Gˊ), complex viscosity, tensile modulus and elongation at break. These findings indicate that adding an optimum amount of an efficient hydroxyl functional component like glycerol into PP/CB nanocomposite can be a promising way to enhance the electrically conductive performance while other properties could be maintained well or even improved.
Barriers to Biculturalism: Historical Negation and Symbolic Exclusion Predict Longitudinal Increases in Bicultural Policy Opposition
Authors: Bertenshaw Zoe , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny
Published: November 2023

The colonial ideologies of historical negation and symbolic exclusion (i.e., the “Dark Duo”) promote inequality between settler colonizers and Indigenous peoples by denying the contemporary relevance of past injustices and excluding Indigenous culture from the nation’s identity, respectively. Although their correlates are established, the temporal ordering of the relationship between the Dark Duo and bicultural policy opposition is unclear. We address this oversight by utilizing nine annual waves of panel data from a nationwide random sample of New Zealand adults ( N = 31,104) to estimate two multigroup RI-CLPMs using the Dark Duo to predict symbolic and resource-based policy opposition (and vice versa). Results revealed that within-person increases in historical negation and symbolic exclusion predicted subsequent increases in symbolic and resource-based bicultural policy opposition for both majority and minority ethnic groups. These relationships were, however, bidirectional, demonstrating a self-perpetuating cycle, whereby the Dark Duo undermines biculturalism and antibiculturalism strengthens the Dark Duo.
Unpacking the politics of ‘sportswashing’: It takes two to tango
Authors: Grix Jonathan , Dinsmore Adam , Brannagan Paul Michael
Published: November 2023

The concept of ‘sportswashing’ serves as a short-hand way of criticising non-democratic regimes for using investment in sport, sports clubs, and sports events to detract from illiberal practices in their home countries. This article makes a contribution to the extant literature and debates on ‘sportswashing’ in three key ways by (1) showing that, paradoxically, without the encouragement and opportunities afforded by notionally democratic global capitalism and the ‘West’, ‘sportswashing’ strategies would not be available to non-democratic regimes; (2) highlighting the ‘mechanisms’ by which ‘sportswashing’ actually occurs and how it ought to be understood as an initial step on a long-term journey towards ‘soft power’ gains. The article does this by (3) examining two empirical examples of ‘sportswashing’. First, we explore the 2022 Qatar World Cup and the broader international sports investment strategies pursued by Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Second, we introduce the WWE partnership with Saudi Arabia to demonstrate that ‘sports washing’ can be rendered bidirectional such that both participants reap a reputational boost, inverting the presumed reputational damage that otherwise constitutes the main disincentive to participation by Western capital. Such a process embeds non-democratic regimes in the sports industry leading to their becoming ‘normalised’ in international business.
If ‘it all breaks down’: The Norwegian refugee crisis as a geography of chaos
Authors: Jumbert Maria Gabrielsen , Sandvik Kristin Bergtora , Tjønn Mathias Hatleskog
Published: November 2023

How did the arrival of growing numbers of refugees and migrants in a non-violent setting and high-income country like Norway become framed as a ‘humanitarian crisis’ and with what consequences? In this article, we examine the framing and responses to the influx of refugees and other migrants to Norway in 2015–16, in and around Oslo and in the Arctic region of Storskog, along the Russian border. Our analysis draws on two theoretical contributions: work on ‘crisis and chaos’ and the idea of ‘chaotic geographies’, and work on the ‘humanitarian arena’ . Taking a tripartite approach, we study how time, space and different levels of response (citizen volunteers, established humanitarian actors and the state) contributed to the framing of the situation as a humanitarian crisis, and the consequences of this. We show that Norway is a political and geographical outlier, and that the state’s response to this ‘humanitarian crisis’ and potentially chaotic situation was seen as both appropriate and legitimate. We argue this helped ‘de-escalate’ the chaotic geography.
A programme evaluation of ‘First Steps’: A peer-conceived, developed and led self-management intervention for people after a Parkinson's diagnosis
Authors: Collett Johnny , Lawrie Sophie , Bromley Sally , Harling Peter , Reed Alex , Brusco Natasha , Coe Shelly , Coebergh Jan , Carroll Camille , Roberts Helen C , Hu Michele T , Dawes Helen
Published: November 2023

Objective

A diagnosis of Parkinson's often leads to uncertainty about the future and loss of perceived control. Peer support may offer a means to address these concerns and promote self-management.

Design

A programme evaluation of the feasibility and potential effects of ‘First Steps’, utilising a pragmatic step wedge approach. Comparing First Steps (intervention) to (control) conditions. Setting: In the community at four sites in southern England. Participants: Newly diagnosed (≤ 12months) people with Parkinson's. Intervention: First Steps was a 2-day peer-conceived, developed and led intervention to support self-management. Main measures: At 0, 12 and 24 weeks anxiety and depression (Hospital, Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), daily functioning (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS), physical activity, quality of life (EQ5D), carer strain and service utilisation were assessed.

Results

Between February 2018 and July 2019, 36 participants were enrolled into intervention and 21 to control conditions, all were included in statistical analysis. Lost to follow up was n = 1 (intervention) and n = 1 adverse event was reported (control, unrelated). Of the 36 allocated to the intervention n = 22 participants completed both days of First Steps during the study period. Completion of outcome measures was >95% at 24 weeks. Small effects favouring the intervention were found for HADS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24:17.84), Carer Strain Index (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 0.5:9.76) and vigorous ( d = 0.42, 95% CI −0.12:0.97) and total physical activity ( d = 0.41, 95% CI −0.13:0.95). EQ5D, WHOSDAS and service utilisation, was similar between groups.

Conclusions

First Steps was feasible and safe and we found potential to benefit physical activity, mental health and carer strain. Further research with longer-term follow up is warranted.
‘Thank you for loving me’: A qualitative study on perceptions of gratitude and their effects in palliative care patients and relatives
Authors: Poncin Emmanuelle , Bovet Emilie , Tamches Emmanuel , Cantin Boris , Pralong Josiane , Althaus Betty , Borasio Gian Domenico , Bernard Mathieu
Published: November 2023

Background:

Empirical studies suggest that gratitude positively influence the quality of life of palliative patients and relatives. However, the literature is marked by a lack of conceptual clarity about what gratitude is and whether it can bring about individual and social benefits.

Aim:

This paper explores how palliative care patients and relatives understand gratitude, how discursive representations of gratitude may affect their positions, perceptions and relations, and how to conceptualise gratitude in the palliative context.

Design:

We examine 33 gratitude letters written by patients and relatives and 25 semi-structured interviews conducted as part of a pilot gratitude intervention study. We use a qualitative approach, thematic analysis, within a conceptual framework of discourse analysis.

Settings/participants:

Data were collected from 23 patients and 13 relatives recruited through three hospital palliative care services in French-speaking Switzerland.

Results:

Participants articulate gratitude in five ways: (1) appreciating others; (2) love; (3) need to reciprocate; (4) appreciating the little things; (5) solace amid serious illness. While some of these representations are sources of positive emotions and outlook, wellbeing and hope, others may confirm self-perceptions of powerlessness and burden. These results support a tridimensional conceptualisation of gratitude in palliative care as source of individual benefits, valuing closest relationships and moral obligation.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that gratitude is a key to a good (end of) life, whilst highlighting potential negative effects. It could help healthcare professionals to better understand what gratitude means to patients and relatives, which may facilitate awareness and fostering of gratitude in palliative care.
Wistar Kyoto rats exhibit decreased serotonin neuronal firing and increased norepinephrine burst activity but dampened hippocampal α2-adrenoceptor sensitivity
Authors: El Mansari Mostafa , Hamoudeh Rami , Daniels Stephen , Blier Pierre
Published: November 2023

Background:

Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats manifest abnormalities in the function of monoamine receptors and transporters, as well as levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. The present study assessed alterations in the firing activity of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) neurons, as well as the activity of 5-HT and NE receptors and transporters in the hippocampus.

Methods:

In vivo electrophysiological recordings were conducted in male WKY and Wistar rats. Extracellular single-unit recordings of 5-HT, NE, and DA neurons were performed. Recordings of pyramidal neurons were conducted in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus, where direct application of 5-HT and NE by iontophoresis was also carried out.

Results:

The mean firing rate of 5-HT neurons was significantly decreased in WKY compared to Wistar rats. The burst activity of NE neurons was significantly increased in WKY, while their mean firing activity was not changed. There was no alteration in the firing, burst, and population activity of DA neurons in WKY animals. In the hippocampus, a decrease in sensitivity of α2-adrenoceptors, but not 5-HT receptors, was observed. There was, however, no change in the activity of 5-HT and NE transporters. The firing activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons was similar in WKY versus Wistar rats.

Conclusion:

In WKY rats, there was a decrease in the firing activity of 5-HT neurons. There was also an enhanced burst activity of NE neurons, accompanied by a reduction in sensitivity of the α2-adrenoceptor in the hippocampus, inferring a decrease in NE transmission.
Sequentially modeling household accommodation, destination, and departure time choices
Authors: “Rebecca” Bian Ruijie , Murray-Tuite Pamela , Trainor Joseph E , Edara Praveen , Triantis Konstantinos
Published: November 2023

During evacuations, households make a number of important, related choices including accommodation type, destination, and departure time. They may make trade-offs among these choices where one decision affects the others. The analysis models the linkages among these three aforementioned choices using data from a household behavioral intention survey conducted in 2017 in the Hampton Roads, VA area. Statistical tests and a theoretical basis show that the approach that best fits the dataset was to estimate the three choices in a sequence, where the first decision serves as an independent variable in the next choice process. To model the sequence, we began by modeling accommodation choice using a multinomial logit (MNL) model. Next, the accommodation choice decisions were used with other control variables to estimate destination choice in a second MNL model. Last, evacuation distance (related to destination decisions) was used in a Cox proportional-hazards model to estimate departure time choices. The models that provide the best estimates included the following control variables that help explain the sequence of decisions residents in the Hampton Roads area expect to make: (1) a variable expressing residential stability helps explain accommodation choice; (2) prior evacuation experience, the geographic location of a household, and the duration of living in the area help predict the destination choice; and (3) distance to the chosen destination helps predict departure time. Findings from this study provide evidence that the decisions associated with these three choices influence each other and help emergency managers identify additional actions that potentially can improve the evacuation experiences of local residents.
Data-Driven Analysis of Rural Equity and Cost Concerns for Mileage-Based User Fees in Vermont
Authors: Nelson Clare , Rowangould Gregory
Published: November 2023

Examining substitutes to the current state and federal gasoline and diesel fuel excise taxes has become a pressing issue, exacerbated by the rise of high-efficiency and alternative-fuel vehicles threatening the revenue-generating capacity of these taxes. A mileage-based user fee has been frequently proposed in the literature as an alternative that would offer greater benefits to rural and low-income populations than to urban and higher-income populations. However, most prior analyses relied on small data sets and aggregated data. This study examined the impact of replacing the Vermont state fuels tax with a revenue-neutral, mileage-based user fee using mileage and fuel economy data for over 300,000 registered passenger vehicles. We found that, on average, Vermont households would pay an additional $23 per year, with rural households and low-income households facing smaller tax burdens than their urban and high-income counterparts. The impact of a $180 flat fee replacing the Vermont state motor fuels tax was also examined owing to state interest. Findings indicated that a flat fee would result in much larger price fluctuations, with most households paying an additional $47 per year. The disaggregated data approach presented here directly addresses public misconceptions of inequitable cost differences and provides context for public education campaigns to garner mileage-based user fee policy support. Based on our results, there is political ground for further research into the implementation of a mileage-based user fee, including the logistics of an administrative transition to mileage charging and the associated program implementation and technological costs.
Renal venous malformation misdiagnosed as carcinoma: A report of one case and the review of literature
Authors: Zhang Xinchun , Wang Ning , Yang Bingkui
Published: November 2023

The present study reports the clinical data of a patient with renal venous malformation misdiagnosed as carcinoma. CT revealed hematocele in the left renal pelvis and ureter. CTU: the left renal pelvis and calyces showed a slightly high density shadow, a size of about 2.6 cm*1.5 cm, and mild-to-moderate enhancement was found at the edge of the lesion. Enhanced MR showed that irregular mass abnormal signal was observed in the lower calyx of the left kidney and the lesions were cast, with short T1 and slightly long T2 signals. The secondary bleeding or mucus of low-grade malignant tumor became suspicious. The patient underwent cystoscopy and left ureteroscopy under general anesthesia on December 3, 2021. Bloody urine can be seen on the left side, and multiple blood clots in the left renal pelvis can be detected. After washing, dark red bloody necrotic substances can be seen. Pathology suggests that renal venous malformation, accompanied by bleeding and thrombosis, is located in the renal medulla, involving the renal calyx, rupture and bleeding of the renal calyx, and obvious local bleeding of surrounding renal tissue. Follow-up for more than 1 year showed that the patient's condition was stable. When patients have renal colic with hematuria, enhanced CT suggests that renal mass is mild-to-moderate continuous enhancement, enhanced MRI suggests short T1 and long T2, considering that the mass may be accompanied by bleeding, and ureteroscopy suggests that dark red bloody necrotic substances should be considered in the diagnosis of renal venous malformation.
Components of Outpatient Child and Youth Concurrent Disorders Programs: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis: Composantes des programmes de troubles concomitants des enfants et des jeunes ambulatoires : une synthèse interprétative critique
Authors: Rosic Tea , Lovell Elizabeth , MacMillan Harriet , Samaan Zainab , Morgan Rebecca L
Published: November 2023

Objective

Co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (concurrent disorders) lead to significant morbidity in children and youth. Programs for integrated treatment of concurrent disorders have been developed; however, there exists little guidance outlining their structure and activities. Our objective was to synthesize available information on outpatient child and youth concurrent disorders programs and produce a comprehensive framework detailing the components of such programs.

Methods

We used a four-stage critical interpretive synthesis design: (1) systematic review of published and grey literature, (2) data abstraction to identify program components and purposive sampling to fill identified gaps, (3) organization of components into a structured framework, (4) feedback from programs. We employed an iterative process by which programs reviewed data abstraction and framework development and provided feedback.

Results

Through systematic review (yielding 1,408 records total and 7 records eligible for inclusion) and outreach strategies (yielding an additional 7 eligible records), we identified 11 programs (4 American, 7 Canadian) and 2 theoretical models from which data could be abstracted. Program activities were categorized into 12 overarching constructs that make up the components of the framework: accessibility, engagement, family involvement, integrated assessment, psychotherapy for patients, psychotherapy for families, medication management, health promotion, case management, vocational support, recreation and social support, and transition services. Program components are informed by the philosophical orientation of the program and models of care. This framework considers health system factors, clinical service factors, program development, and community partnership that impact program structure and activities. Multidisciplinary teams provide care and include addiction medicine, psychiatry, psychology, nursing, social work, occupational therapy, recreation therapy, peer support, and program evaluation.

Conclusion

We developed a comprehensive framework describing components of child and youth outpatient concurrent disorders programs. This framework may assist programs currently operating, and those in development, to reflect on their structure and activities.
Using Epistemic Network Analysis to Explore Primary School Students’ Computational Thinking in Pair Programming Learning
Authors: Su Yu-Sheng , Wang Shuwen , Liu Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

Pair programming (PP) can help improve students’ computational thinking (CT), but the trajectory of CT skills and the differences between high-scoring and low-scoring students in PP are unknown and need further exploration. In this study, a total of 32 fifth graders worked on Scratch tasks in 16 pairs. The group discourse of three learning topics (comprising 9 projects) was collected. After the audio files were transcribed, 1,303 conversations were obtained. They were analyzed via Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) Webkit, which can reveal the trajectory of students’ CT development via analyzing codes of discourse related to CT in PP. Three Scratch learning topics were assessed based on the Dr. Scratch platform to acquire the level of students’ CT and to determine the low- and high-scoring groups. Results indicated that CT concepts and CT practices were always closely related in PP and CT practices, and CT perspectives could be gradually and closely related after a long period of CT training. A significant difference between the two groups’ CT structures was found. The high-scoring group had more fragments of CT practice and connecting of CT perspectives, while the low-scoring group showed more fragments of CT concepts and expressing of CT perspectives. This research provides insights into cultivating primary school students’ CT using Scratch in the context of PP. The findings can provide suggestions for instructors to design instructional interventions to facilitate students’ CT skills via PP learning. Instructors can improve CT skills by guiding students to constantly ask questions, and specifying the role swap between driver and navigator in PP. Besides, instructors could give more consideration to the development of CT perspectives, and especially the ability to question.
Retention and Educational Inequalities in the U.S.
Authors: Clark Miriam G. , Gibbs Benjamin G.
Published: November 2023

Many U.S. schools utilize grade retention (repeating grades when not meeting academic benchmarks) to allow more time for students to learn grade level material. However, some research suggests retention may increase inequalities and not help students progress. We use national data (Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study 2014–2017) and logistic regression to examine what predicts the likelihood of elementary school retention and whether retention is associated with long term outcomes. We find that race and family income did not predict who was most likely to be retained. As expected, boys were more likely to be retained than girls. Most importantly, we show that, of students in major metropolitan areas, retention did not predict long-term academic outcomes (regardless of race, sex, or familial income). Retention did predict long-term exclusionary discipline outcomes for Black students only supporting the School to Prison Pipeline framework.
Do children have a right to do nothing? Exploring the place of passive leisure in Australian school age care
Authors: Cartmel Jennifer , Hurst Bruce , Bobongie-Harris Francis , Hadley Fay , Barblett Lennie , Harrison Linda , Irvine Susan
Published: November 2023

In 2021, the Australian Government commissioned a review and update of My Time Our Place, its curriculum framework for School-Age Care services for primary-age children. One update trialled was the introduction of passive leisure. Whilst children’s passive use of leisure time is recognised as a right, it is often problematised and associated with negative health outcomes. This article explores a trial of passive leisure provision. It provides hopeful evidence that passive leisure spaces can be interactive, conversational and restful.
The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Is Partially Explained by the Generational-Shift Account but Fully Inconsistent With Existing Alternative Accounts: A Partial Concession and Reply to Napp and Breda (2023)
Authors: Vishkin Allon
Published: November 2023

Napp and Breda (2023) raised three arguments against the generational-shift account of the gender-equality paradox (GEP) in chess participation. First, using finer operationalizations of the age structure of players, they showed that it partially but not fully accounts for the GEP in chess participation. I find merit in these analyses and conclusion. Second, they argued that the country-level age structure is unrelated to the GEP in chess participation, which undermines the generational-shift account of the GEP. In contrast, I provide new analyses to show that the two are related after adjusting for the U-shaped relation between gender equality and female chess participation. Finally, they argued that previous explanations of the GEP are viable for explaining the GEP in chess participation. In contrast, I argue that the global increase in the proportion of female players is incompatible with previous explanations of the GEP, and I provide new analyses to support this.
Fault detection and identification for rolling mill main drive system based on integrated observer under iterative learning strategy
Authors: Zhang Ruicheng , Li Zhiwen , Liang Weizheng
Published: November 2023

In this article, the problem of multiple fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration of the rolling mill main drive system containing external disturbances is investigated. Considering the nonlinear frictional damping between the rolls and the rolled parts, a nonlinear mathematical model of the main drive system of the mill is established. A comprehensive fault diagnosis scheme based on observer is addressed for this system subjected to unknown external interference. The proposed scheme is divided into two parts. In the first stage, a set of sliding mode observers is designed for system fault detection, and a fault isolation criterion is proposed based on observer redundancy and generalised residual set theory to reveal the fault source. In the second stage, combined with the iterative learning algorithm, an iterative learning-unknown input observer is constructed to realise the accurate estimation of the fault signal. Unlike the existing fault estimation methods, the iterative learning-unknown input observer designed in this article uses the state estimation error of the previous iteration to estimate the fault signal in the current iteration period. Using [Formula: see text] synthesis to design observers for the system will guarantee fault diagnosis robustness. The Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality are introduced to prove the convergence of the proposed observer. The simulation study of a 1780-mm hot strip mill evaluates the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the sliding mode observer approach can detect faults in the main drive system and isolate faults accurately. In contrast, the iterative learning-unknown input observer method has the lowest fault reconfiguration error (99.87% smaller than the extended state observer, 99.77% smaller than the unknown input observer) and achieves accurate fault signal tracking.
Social Anxiety From the Perspective of Affiliation and Status Systems: Intrapersonal Representations and the Dynamics of Interpersonal Interaction
Authors: Gilboa-Schechtman Eva , Huppert Jonathan D. , Ginat-Frolich Rivkah
Published: November 2023

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by intrapersonal (self-related) and interpersonal (interaction-related) difficulties. We use the biobehavioral systems of affiliation and status as linchpins connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal bodies of knowledge to frame such difficulties. We suggest that the mismatch in self- and other perceptions contributes to misalignments in interaction patterns, such as reduced alignment (similarity-based complementarity or reciprocity) in affiliative contexts and enhanced alignment (contrastive complementarity) in status-related contexts. Such misaligned interaction patterns affect, in turn, self- and other perceptions of the interacting partners. In SAD, biased intrapersonal constructs and processes contribute to misaligned interpersonal dynamics, which in turn impact intrapersonal constructs, creating a vicious cycle. Future research should seek to combine individual-level and interaction-level data in affiliative and status-based contexts to enhance the understanding and treatment of SAD.
Active learning sample selection based on multicriteria
Authors: He Zhonghai , Shen Kun , Zhang Xiaofang
Published: November 2023

In multivariate calibration problems, model performance is affected significantly by the calibration samples used during model building. In recent years, active learning methods have become one of the best methods for sample selection. However, most active learning methods only select instances from prediction uncertainty or sample space distance, and these single-criteria methods tend to select undesired samples. In addition, sample density characterizes the spatial information carried by the sample, but few studies in quantitative analysis utilize sample density alone to select calibration samples. Considering these issues, based on the k-means clustering algorithm, this paper proposes an active learning sample selection method (Diversity Informativeness Density Active Learning, DIDAL), which combines the three criteria of diversity, informativeness and sample density. The most representative sample is iteratively selected for - addition to the calibration set for modeling and estimating the chemical concentration of analytes. Soybean meal and soy sauce samples were analyzed by DIDAL and compared with existing sample selection methods. The prediction results show that the DIDAL algorithm significantly outperforms several existing algorithms and is close to the performance of full-sample modeling. A model with high prediction accuracy can be constructed by selecting only a few samples using the DIDAL method.
Investigating Asymmetric Effects of Electronic Payment on Money Supply for India using Non-linear ARDL Model
Authors: Chaudhry Archna , Chandni  , Dudeja Garima
Published: November 2023

Money supply in India is analysed using a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to see how several factors, such as electronic payments, exchange rate, interest rates and inflation, affect the money supply. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and the Phillips–Perron unit root test are utilized to confirm that the variables are stationary. In the bounds test of the NARDL as well as Johansen–Juselius cointegration test, this study finds evidence of cointegration amongst variable used in the study. NARDL testing model is employed to investigate the dissimilar influences on variables with short- and long-run dynamics. Short-term estimates suggest that the money supply ( M1) is most responsive to positive shocks involving retail payments, the exchange rate and interest rates, but negative shocks involving card payment and prepaid payment instruments. A reduction in card payment, as well as a positive increase in retail payment, the prepaid payment instrument, the exchange rate and the interest rate, would all have major effects on M3 in short run. In addition, a long-term finding demonstrates that all of the variables have a significant influence on the money supply ( M1) in its mixed form while all of the factors, with the exception of the one involving card payments, have a considerable impact on the money supply ( M3). Wald test results confirm the existence of asymmetric influences which can have significant lessons for policymakers.
An international interface: Democratic planning in a global context
Authors: Dufour Mathieu , Elias-Pinsonnault Sophie , Tremblay-Pepin Simon
Published: November 2023

There has been a renewal of discussions about alternative economic systems in recent years. Democratic planning has received a lot of attention, especially in view of the way it could help address social and ecological challenges. However, little has been written about how a democratically planned economy could relate to other economies through trade or financial flows. This lack of interest is surprising, considering that any country aspiring to plan its economy democratically would have to take into consideration its integration in global value chains and that few would likely aim for complete autarky once fully democratized. In this article, we address this issue by delineating five principles that an institution responsible for international economic relations should follow in a democratically planned economy and giving an example of how it could function in practice.
Nocardia farcinica abortion in a goat
Authors: Vogel Helena , Daniels Joshua B. , Frank Chad B.
Published: November 2023

A female goat fetus was received by the Colorado State University–Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory following an isolated abortion of twins by a reportedly healthy doe. Postmortem examination did not reveal any gross abnormalities. Histologic evaluation revealed pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia with intracellular and extracellular gram-positive and non–acid-fast filamentous bacilli. Aerobic culture of the stomach contents and pooled lung and liver tissue yielded light growth of Nocardia sp., which was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 16s rDNA sequencing as Nocardia farcinica.
Male Victims’ Acknowledgement of Sexual Assault and Their Help-Seeking Process. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wingender Aviaja Mose , Olesen Mette Linnet
Published: November 2023

An increasing number of studies have investigated the distinct challenges faced by male victims of sexual assault. However, there is a lack of research focusing on how they perceive their sexual victimization experience and their help-seeking behavior. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of cisgender men who had been sexually assaulted in adulthood and their subsequent help-seeking processes within a Danish context. Our findings underscore the crucial importance of acknowledging the sexual assault, which entails a multifaceted process that intertwines with the help-seeking behavior. This process is influenced by various factors, including gender norms, disclosing the assault, and the impact of assault-related symptoms. The role of male rape myths and masculinity is discussed. Our research offers valuable insights into male victims’ experiences and emphasizes the need to raise awareness and to promote a gender-inclusive view on sexual assault.
Development and Validation of the Fearlessness About Suicide Scale
Authors: Grunewald William , Perkins Natalie M. , Jeon Min Eun , Klonsky E. David , Joiner Thomas E. , Smith April R.
Published: November 2023

Recent work has identified fearlessness about suicide, rather than fearlessness about death, as more theoretically relevant in the assessment of capability for suicide and thus a more appropriate construct of measurement. The aim of the current project was to develop and validate a scale specifically assessing fearlessness about suicide. Across two studies, support for a 7-item, single-factor structure of the Fearlessness About Suicide Scale (FSS) emerged. The FSS factor structure demonstrated a good fit in the first study and was replicated in the second study. Measurement invariance was examined across those identifying as men and women and found to be comparable. The FSS also demonstrated test–rest reliability and good convergent and divergent validity in community and undergraduate samples. Overall, findings indicate that the FSS has a replicable factor structure that generalizes across those identifying as men and women and may better assess components of capability for suicide than existing scales.
The Development of the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory
Authors: Meyer Neil A. , Hein Katherine E. , Lynam Donald R. , Widiger Thomas A. , Mullins-Sweatt Stephanie N.
Published: November 2023

The current study sought to provide evidence for a measure of schizoid personality disorder (SZD PD) traits using the Five-Factor Model framework of personality. In the first study, undergraduate participants ( n = 496) completed the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory (FFZI) and other self-report measures. The first half of the sample was used to develop the FFZI, while the second half was used to validate it. The FFZI demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with measures of SZD PD and hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets, and discriminant validity with other PDs and non-hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets. The second study recruited MTurk participants ( n = 181) and demonstrated preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the FFZI in an online, community sample. Ultimately, these data suggest that the FFZI is a useful measure of SZD PD and provide further evidence that SZD PD can be conceptualized as a maladaptive extension of introversion traits.
Footprints After the Research Act
Authors: Koro Mirka
Published: November 2023

This is a story of inspiration and (intellectual) freedom. This is a story of the of arts and multidimensional scholarly expression. This is a story of Remembering and gratitude.
Manual and Semi-Automated Measurement and Calculation of Osteosarcoma Treatment Effect Using Whole Slide Image and Qupath
Authors: He Mai , He Bofan , Weng Jinyi , Cheng Jerry Q. , Gu Huanying
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

In osteosarcoma, the most significant indicator of prognosis is the histologic changes related to tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy, such as necrosis. We have developed a method to measure the osteosarcoma treatment effect using whole slide image (WSI) with an open-source digital image analytical software Qupath.

Materials and Methods:

In Qupath, each osteosarcoma case was treated as a project. All H&E slides from the entire representative slice of osteosarcoma were scanned into WSIs and imported into a project in Qupath. The regions of tumor and tumor necrosis were annotated, and their areas were measured in Qupath. In order to measure the osteosarcoma treatment effect, we needed to calculate the percentage of total necrosis area over total tumor area. We developed a tool that can automatically extract all values of tumor and necrosis areas from a Qupath project into an Excel file, sum these values for necrosis and whole tumor respectively, and calculate necrosis/tumor percentage.

Conclusion:

Our method that combines WSI with Qupath can provide an objective measurement to facilitate pathologist’s assessment of osteosarcoma response to treatment. The proposed approach can also be used for other types of tumors that have clinical need for post-treatment response assessment.
Anterior chamber intraocular lens removal combined with triple DMEK: Quadruple DMEK for bullous keratopathy
Authors: Mergen Burak , Berger Tim , Hamon Loïc , Daas Loay , Seitz Berthold
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To present the outcomes of a patient with anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) related endothelial decompensation who underwent Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the capsular bag (so-called triple DMEK) combined with ACIOL removal ( quadruple DMEK) in both eyes.

Methods

Case report

Results

A 58-year-old female patient was referred due to decreased visual acuity within the last 18 months. She had a history of iris-claw ACIOL implantation 17 years before. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in both eyes. Due to low endothelial cell density and increased corneal thickness, ACIOL removal combined with triple DMEK (as quadruple DMEK) was performed for both eyes. Despite a graft detachment that was successfully managed with re-bubbling in the first eye, both eyes showed an increase in the CDVA (20/25 and 20/32, respectively) without any other significant complications in the follow-up of the patient. The corneas of both eyes were clear postoperatively.

Conclusion

This case report demonstrated that quadruple DMEK may provide feasible management for chronic endothelial cell decompensation secondary to iris-claw ACIOL implantation.
Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels in Acne Vulgaris: A Split-Face Clinical Trial
Authors: Atallah Dalia Abdel-Aziz , Badran Aya Yousef , Makhlouf Alaa Gamal , Mekkawy Marwa Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Background

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that greatly impacts patients’ self-confidence. Ongoing research is conducted to explore new treatment modalities. Silymarin owns special characteristics that qualify it as a possible treatment for acne vulgaris.

Objective

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of silymarin cream as a new therapeutic option against salicylic acid peels in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Methods

A split-face, comparative, Quasi-experimental clinical trial included 30 patients with acne vulgaris. Salicylic acid 30% peels were applied as an office procedure to one half of the face every 2 weeks for 3 months. Topical silymarin 1.4% cream was prescribed as a home treatment, twice daily, to the other half of the face for 3 months. The results were evaluated using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), photographic evaluation, and patient self-assessment scale. The adverse effects during treatment were recorded. The sample size was calculated by Stata/IC 16.1.

Results

After treatment, a significant reduction of GAGS was noted on both sides of the face, with an insignificant difference between both treatments. The comparative photographic evaluation and patient self-assessment scale were also insignificant. Hyperpigmentation was recorded in 2 cases on the salicylic acid-treated side. No side effects for silymarin cream were observed.

Conclusion

Topical silymarin cream 1.4% showed comparable results to Salicylic acid 30% peels. It can be considered a promising safe treatment modality for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
A low-fat diet improves fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chase Emma , Chen Vicky , Martin Kayla , Lane Michael , Wooliscroft Lindsey , Adams Claire , Rice Jessica , Silbermann Elizabeth , Hollen Christopher , Fryman Allison , Purnell Jonathan Q , Vong Carly , Orban Anna , Horgan Angela , Khan Akram , Srikanth Priya , Yadav Vijayshree
Published: November 2023

Background:

Fatigue can be a disabling multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom with no effective treatment options.

Objective:

Determine whether a low-fat diet improves fatigue in people with MS (PwMS).

Methods:

We conducted a 16-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) and allocated PwMS to a low-fat diet (active, total daily fat calories not exceeding 20%) or wait-list (control) group. Subjects underwent 2 weeks of baseline diet data collection (24-hour diet recalls (24HDRs)), followed by randomization. The active group received 2 weeks of nutrition counseling and underwent a 12-week low-fat diet intervention. One set of three 24HDRs at baseline and week 16 were collected. We administered a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) every 4 weeks. The control group continued their pre-study diet and received diet training during the study completion.

Results:

We recruited 39 PwMS (20—active; 19—control). The active group decreased their daily caloric intake by 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): −18.5%, −3.0%) and the mean MFIS by 4.0 (95% CI: −12.0, 4.0) compared to the control (intent-to-treat). Sensitivity analysis strengthened the association with a mean MFIS difference of −13.9 (95% CI: −20.7, −7.2).

Conclusions:

We demonstrated a significant reduction in fatigue with a low-fat dietary intervention in PwMS.
Who polarizes parliament? Partisan hostility in Norwegian legislative debates
Authors: Røed Maiken , Bäck Hanna , Carroll Royce
Published: November 2023

In many democratic societies, research has identified an increase in animosity between supporters of different political parties. While this phenomenon has been extensively examined among the general public, less research has explored the role of political elites in contributing to partisan hostility. This study aims to fill this research gap by analyzing instances where members of parliament (MPs) express negative sentiments toward representatives of opposing parties in legislative speeches. Specifically, we investigate which MPs within parties are driving elite rhetorical polarization. We hypothesize that MPs with less experience in parliament and less experience outside of party politics are more likely to contribute to polarizing speech due to stronger partisan identities. Analyzing Norwegian MPs’ speeches between 1998 and 2016, we find support for these hypotheses. Our findings highlight intra-party differences in polarization and contribute new insights into the characteristics that shape polarizing rhetoric among political elites.
Professionals’ stories of supporting belonging for autistic children in Finnish early childhood education and care
Authors: Pesonen Henri V , Äikäs Aino , Viljamaa Elina , Heiskanen Noora , Syrjämäki Marja , Kärnä Eija
Published: November 2023

The important role of early childhood education and care in nurturing and ensuring belonging among all children is well recognised, but research specifically focused on how this is accomplished for autistic children is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine how supporting autistic children's belonging appeared in the stories of Finnish early childhood education and care professionals (e.g. early educators, special education teachers, and early childhood education and care nurses). The data was collected by using the method of empathy-based stories, which prompts participants to produce stories. A qualitative analysis of 104 professionals’ stories produced one overarching theme of professionalism comprising two interconnected main themes: (1) established support solutions and (2) a willingness to understand the child. The findings suggest that understanding a child as a unique individual with autism is a cornerstone of favourable pedagogical support solutions for belonging.