bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hassan N. M. , Landorf K. B. , Shields N. , Munteanu S. E.
Published: November 2018

Background

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) often do not meet recommended guidelines for physical activity. The aim of this study was to systematically review available evidence that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in individuals with ID.

Method

Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception of the database to July 2017 to identify randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to improve physical activity among people with ID. Trials were included if they measured at least one objective measure of physical activity. Quality appraisal was completed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The magnitude of treatment effect was estimated for each intervention by calculating the standardised mean difference (SMD) and associated 95% confidence interval.

Results

Nine randomised controlled trials (976 participants, 501 women, age range 9 months to 83 years) were included. Four trials evaluated unimodal interventions and five trials evaluated multimodal health promotion programmes based on using supportive environments to enable sustained behavioural changes in physical activity. None of the trials were rated as low risk of bias as all had at least one item on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool that was considered to be high risk. No trials were able to implement participant blinding. Three trials found statistically significant beneficial effects of interventions for increasing physical activity. Results showed that a 10‐week progressive resistance training programme led to maintenance of physical activity levels at 24 weeks in adolescents with Down syndrome (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.40). Additionally, a 12‐ to 16‐month multicomponent diet and physical activity programme produced improvement in physical activity at programme completion in adults with ID (reported effect size of 0.29). Finally, an 8‐month physical activity and fitness programme increased physical activity at 8 months in adults with ID (SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.60). Findings regarding other interventions were inconclusive with small effects that were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

There is inconsistent evidence of the effects of interventions for improving physical activity levels in individuals with ID. A progressive resistance training programme was found to maintain physical activity levels in adolescents with Down syndrome, while a multicomponent diet and physical activity programme and a physical activity and fitness programme were found to improve physical activity levels in adults with ID. Future trials using rigorous research designs are required to confirm these findings and establish whether other interventions designed to increase physical activity in people with ID are effective.
A Qualitative Study of Women's Recall of Content and Skills Developed in Group Prenatal and Well‐Baby Care 2 Years Later
Authors: Hackley Barbara , Elyachar‐Stahl Elan , Savage Anna K. , Stange Mia , Hoffman Arielle , Kavanaugh Monica , Aviles Melanie M. , Arévalo Sandra , Machuca Hildred , Shapiro Alan
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Group prenatal and well‐baby care is a system of health care visits that occur in a group setting. Each individual session lasts approximately 2 hours, allowing more time for education and support than can occur in an individual visit. Compared with individual care, research suggests that group care is associated with similar or better short‐term outcomes, but no studies have yet examined potential long‐term benefits beyond one year postpartum. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to elicit women's recall about content covered in group prenatal and well‐baby care and whether they were or were not continuing to use skills discussed during group prenatal and well‐baby care 2 or more years after their group ended.

Methods

Eligible women participated in group prenatal and/or well‐baby care between 2008 and 2012, were aged at least 18 years, and were English‐speaking. Of the 127 eligible women, 32 were reached and 17 agreed to participate. Women were interviewed on average 3 years after group prenatal or well‐baby care ended using a semistructured interview guide. Transcripts were reviewed and coded by each team member. Final codes and themes were identified using an iterative review process among the research team.

Results

Three themes were identified: sustained change, transferable skills, and group as a safe haven. All women were still using strategies discussed during group and had made sustained improvements in nutrition, stress management, and/or in the quality of their interactions with their children, partner, or families. The group environment was described as a safe haven: a respectful, nonjudgmental space that allowed women to share and support each other while learning new skills.

Discussion

This is the first study to document that group prenatal and well‐baby care is associated with long‐term benefits in areas not yet reported in the literature: nutrition, family communication, and parenting.
An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women
Authors: Lee Myeongryeol , Han Jiyeon , Kim Eunjoo
Published: November 2018

Background

Makeup has been shown to increase women's attractiveness, perceived femininity, and self‐confidence and reduce their perceived age. Some of these results were caused by facial contrast and visible skin color. However, they did not investigate makeup benefit by focusing skin color change.

Objectives

We investigated the benefit of makeup in reducing perceived age by focusing on only skin color, based on the age‐related changes in several skin color parameters (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), and attempted to discover the indications for youthful‐looking skin color.

Methods

A total of 174 Korean women aged 20‐69 years participated in this study. Their digital facial images were cropped on the cheek area, standard Red green Blue data were transformed to Quasi‐L*a*b*, and the statistical parameters of individual Quasi‐L*a*b* data were calculated. Fourteen volunteers aged 30‐45 years wore liquid‐type makeup. The perceived age was assessed by 11 clinical evaluation researchers with a LCD monitor. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results

According to a multiple regression analysis, unevenness in skin color, skin lightness, and skewness in skin yellowness significantly affected the participants’ perceived age; the most important factor was the unevenness in skin yellowness in Korean women. The evaluated and calculated with the regression equation perceived age were decreased after makeup was applied.

Conclusions

The makeup can reduce women's perceived age by correcting the skin's color, and it can show youthful skin properties such as a lighter and more homogenous color with less chroma.
Transitional Justice, Education, and Sexual Violence Stigma: The Results of a Schools‐based Study in Bosnia‐Herzegovina
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: November 2018

Within the context of armed conflict, the problem of sexual violence‐related stigma is routinely acknowledged. Sustained efforts to tackle it, however, have often been lacking. This article argues that transitional justice processes have an important role to play in fighting stigma, and in creating new attitudinal spaces that enable those who have suffered sexual violence to tell their stories without fear of being mocked or judged. Underscoring crucial linkages between education and transitional justice, the article introduces a novel schools‐based project in Bosnia‐Herzegovina (BiH). Based on analysis of over 800 questionnaires, it demonstrates how a series of talks delivered in BiH high schools on the issue of conflict‐related sexual violence led to some positive and important attitudinal changes vis‐à‐vis common rape myths. These educational efforts to tackle stigma are theorized in the article as highlighting a crucial attitudinal dimension of transitional justice.
Creating a New Type of Labour Law Enforcer: The Law Technician in Prato
Authors: Munkholm Louise
Published: November 2018

The article investigates, from a socio‐legal perspective, the creation of a new type of local labour law enforcer, known as the ‘law technician’, in the Northern Italian city of Prato. Since the 1980s, Prato has attracted thousands of Chinese migrants who run small workshops in the local garment industry, most of which are characterized by low compliance with Italian labour law. To combat the gaps in workers' protection, a new approach to law enforcement is emerging. Compared to traditional enforcement officials, law technicians represent a proactive approach; they have no sanctioning power and they apply multicultural, multilingual, and multidisciplinary instruments when promoting the protection of workers. Drawing on interview and documentary data gathered during two rounds of fieldwork in Prato in 2014 and 2015, the article contributes with empirical knowledge to advance theory building about the legal cultural transformation of law enforcement in contemporary societies.
Feminist Relational Contract Theory: A New Model for Family Property Agreements
Authors: Thompson Sharon
Published: November 2018

In this article, a new model named Feminist Relational Contract Theory (FRCT) is explained, justified, and applied to the context of family property agreements and specifically nuptial agreements. Most nuptial agreements are created amidst a complex web of power relationships and the dynamic of these relationships often evolves over time. However, the courts in England and Wales have not yet found a way to recognize this without adopting a paternalistic approach. This article proposes an alternative that could, in practice, recognize issues of power between parties entering family property agreements, exploring a recent Australian case on nuptial agreements which adopts a more contextual understanding of contract law.
An In Vitro Investigation of Accuracy and Fit of Conventional and CAD/CAM Removable Partial Denture Frameworks
Authors: Soltanzadeh Pooya , Suprono Montry S. , Kattadiyil Mathew T. , Goodacre Charles , Gregorius Wendy
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the overall accuracy and fit of conventional versus computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks based on standard tessellation language (STL) data analysis, and to evaluate the accuracy and fit of each component of the RPD framework.

Materials and Methods

A maxillary metal framework was designed for a Kennedy class III Modification I arch. The master model was scanned and used to compare the fit and accuracy of RPD frameworks. Forty impressions (conventional and digital) of the master cast were made and divided into 4 groups based on fabrication method: group I, lost‐wax technique (conventional technique), group II, CAD‐printing, group III, CAD‐printing from stone cast, and group IV, lost‐wax technique from resin‐printed model. RPD frameworks were fabricated in cobalt‐chromium alloy. All frameworks were scanned, and the gap distance between the framework and scanned master model was measured at 8 locations. Color mapping was conducted using comprehensive metrology software. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskall‐Wallis test, followed by the Bonferroni method for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).

Results

Color mapping revealed distinct discrepancies in major connectors among the groups. When compared to 3D‐printed frameworks, conventional cast frameworks fabricated using dental stone or printed resin models revealed significantly better fit (p < 0.05) particularly in the major connectors and guide plates. The biggest gap (0.33 mm ± 0.20 mm) was observed with the anterior strap of the major connector with the printed frameworks (groups II and III). The method of fabrication did not affect the adaptation of the rests or reciprocation plates.

Conclusions

Although both conventional and 3D‐printing methods of framework fabrication revealed clinically acceptable adaptation, the conventional cast RPD groups revealed better overall fit and accuracy.
Detecting the effects of a standardized meal challenge on small bowel motility with MRI in prepared and unprepared bowel
Authors: de Jonge Catharina S. , Menys Alex , van Rijn Kyra L. , Bredenoord Arjan J. , Nederveen Aart J. , Stoker Jaap
Published: November 2018

Objective

MRI is increasingly used to evaluate small bowel contractility. The objective of this study was to validate a clinically practical stimulation test (300‐kcal meal) for small bowel motility.

Methods

Thirty‐one healthy subjects underwent dynamic MRI to capture global small bowel motility after ±10h fasting, of which 15 underwent bowel preparation consisting of 1 L 2.5% mannitol solution and 16 did not. Each subject underwent (1) a baseline motility scan (2) a food challenge (3) a post‐challenge scan, and (4) second post‐challenge scan (after ±20 minutes). This protocol was repeated within 2 weeks. Motility was quantified using a validated motility assessment technique.

Key Results

Motility in prepared subjects at baseline was significantly higher than motility in unprepared subjects (0.36 AU vs 0.18 AU, P < 0.001). In the prepared group, the food challenge produced an 8% increase in motility (P = 0.33) while in the unprepared subjects a significant increase of 30% was observed (P < 0.001). Responses to food remained insignificant (P = 0.21) and significant (P = 0.003), for the prepared and unprepared subjects, respectively, ±20 minutes post food challenge. These results were confirmed in the repeated scan session.

Conclusion & Inferences

A significant response to a 300‐kcal meal was measured within 10 minutes in unprepared bowel, supporting the clinical use of this challenge to provoke and assess motility changes. A caloric challenge did not produce an observable increase in motility in mannitol prepared subjects.
Disentangling the factors shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities across multiple spatial scales
Authors: Caruso Tancredi
Published: November 2018

This article is a Commentary on Rasmussen et al., 220: 1248–1261.
Impact of pharmacists’ counseling on caregiver's knowledge in the management of pediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cheong Jing Yi Vanessa , Hie Szu Liang , Koh En Wei , de Souza Nurun Nisa Amatullah , Koh Mark Jean‐Aan
Published: November 2018

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition in childhood. AD management can be complex, and caregivers may have inadequate information on the disease, aggravating factors, and management. Comprehensive therapeutic education has been closely associated with increased compliance and is recommended for all patients. There are, as yet, no studies on the impact of a pharmacist‐led eczema counseling service.

Objectives

The primary objective was to assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led eczema counseling service on improving caregivers’ knowledge. The secondary objective was to evaluate caregivers’ satisfaction of the service and their confidence in handling the patient's condition after counseling.

Methods

This was a prospective, questionnaire‐based observational study. After obtaining informed consent, caregivers were required to complete questionnaire A, containing items on demographics and knowledge assessment. Caregivers then underwent a counseling session by a dermatology‐trained pharmacist. After counseling, caregivers were required to complete questionnaire B containing items on satisfaction and confidence level. A follow‐up phone call was conducted after initial counseling session, during which knowledge‐based questionnaire C would be completed.

Results

Data from 32 participants were included in the analysis. There was a significant improvement in caregivers’ knowledge score after receiving counseling, with mean precounseling score of 8.38 ± 3.92 and mean postcounseling score of 13.88 ± 3.65 (P < 0.001). Majority was satisfied with the service and was confident in handling their child's condition.

Conclusion

Pharmacist‐led eczema counseling has a positive impact on caregiver's knowledge and can lead to improved compliance. The service was well received, although more time could be spent during the counseling.
Institutional Anticorruption in China: Effectiveness on Bribery Incidence
Authors: Ni Xing , Su (Su Su) Xuhong
Published: November 2018

This article investigates the effectiveness of anticorruption practices against bribery incidence, highlighting top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. A random survey of local residents is used in conjunction with institutional anticorruption indicators. Findings suggest that the top‐down approach works, but with substantial variation across practices. More intense top‐down anticorruption deters bribery incidence within citizens' dense networks, and more judicial convictions directly suppress citizens' bribery experience and willingness. The bottom‐up and combined approaches yield both deterrence and signaling effects, contingent on institutional parameters. More public whistle‐blowing deters citizens' bribery experience and willingness, yet, when coupled with more intense top‐down anticorruption, it signals severe government corruption and predicts more bribery incidence. On the contrary, more grievance filings predict more bribery incidence via signaling effects, but, when bundled with more intense top‐down anticorruption, they deter citizens' subsequent bribery experience and willingness. The article concludes with a discussion of the research findings and theoretical and practical implications.
A Risk Assessment Framework for the Socioeconomic Impacts of Electricity Transmission Infrastructure Failure Due to Space Weather: An Application to the United Kingdom
Authors: Oughton Edward J. , Hapgood Mike , Richardson Gemma S. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Thomson Alan W. P. , Gibbs Mark , Burnett Catherine , Gaunt C. Trevor , Trichas Markos , Dada Rabia , Horne Richard B.
Published: November 2018

Space weather phenomena have been studied in detail in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature. However, there has arguably been scant analysis of the potential socioeconomic impacts of space weather, despite a growing gray literature from different national studies, of varying degrees of methodological rigor. In this analysis, we therefore provide a general framework for assessing the potential socioeconomic impacts of critical infrastructure failure resulting from geomagnetic disturbances, applying it to the British high‐voltage electricity transmission network. Socioeconomic analysis of this threat has hitherto failed to address the general geophysical risk, asset vulnerability, and the network structure of critical infrastructure systems. We overcome this by using a three‐part method that includes (i) estimating the probability of intense magnetospheric substorms, (ii) exploring the vulnerability of electricity transmission assets to geomagnetically induced currents, and (iii) testing the socioeconomic impacts under different levels of space weather forecasting. This has required a multidisciplinary approach, providing a step toward the standardization of space weather risk assessment. We find that for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event with no space weather forecasting capability, the gross domestic product loss to the United Kingdom could be as high as £15.9 billion, with this figure dropping to £2.9 billion based on current forecasting capability. However, with existing satellites nearing the end of their life, current forecasting capability will decrease in coming years. Therefore, if no further investment takes place, critical infrastructure will become more vulnerable to space weather. Additional investment could provide enhanced forecasting, reducing the economic loss for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event to £0.9 billion.
Risk Information Seeking and Processing About Particulate Air Pollution in South Korea: The Roles of Cultural Worldview
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Kim Yungwook
Published: November 2018

This study integrates cultural theory of risk into the risk information seeking and processing model in the context of particulate air pollution in South Korea. Specifically, it examines how cultural worldviews (hierarchy, individualism, egalitarianism, and fatalism) influence the way people interpret risk about an environmental risk, which may in turn promote or deter their information seeking and processing about the risk. An online survey (N = 645) showed that egalitarianism was positively associated with perceptions of societal and personal risks, affective responses toward the risk, and informational subjective norms. Perceived societal risk, in particular, mediated the effect of egalitarianism on information insufficiency. Moreover, cultural worldview was a significant moderator of the relationships between information insufficiency and risk information seeking and processing. The positive relationship between information insufficiency and information seeking grew stronger with increasing egalitarianism. In contrast, the negative relationship between information insufficiency and heuristic processing was strengthened with increasing hierarchy. This study extends prior theories and models in risk communication by addressing the roles of cultural worldview, an important individual difference factor in interpreting environmental risks.
Restrictive guideline for red blood cell transfusions in preterm neonates: effect of a protocol change
Authors: Heeger Lisanne E. , Counsilman Clare E. , Bekker Vincent , Bergman Klasien A. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , te Pas Arjan B. , Lopriore Enrico
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices in preterm neonates before and after protocol change.

Methods

All preterm neonates (<32 weeks of gestation) admitted between 2008 and 2017 at our neonatal intensive care unit were included in this retrospective study. Since 2014, a more restrictive transfusion guideline was implemented in our unit. We compared transfusion practices before and after this guideline change. Primary outcome was the number of transfusions per neonate and the percentage of neonates receiving a blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were neonatal morbidities and mortality during admission.

Results

The percentage of preterm neonates requiring a blood transfusion was 37·5% (405/1079) before and 32·7% (165/505) after the protocol change (P = 0·040). The mean number of transfusions given to each transfused neonate decreased from 2·93 (standard deviation (SD) ± 2·26) to 2·20 (SD ±1·29) (P = 0·007). We observed no association between changes in transfusion practices and neonatal outcome.

Conclusion

The use of a more restrictive transfusion guideline leads to a reduction in red blood cell transfusions in preterm neonates, without evidence of an increase in mortality or short‐term morbidity.
IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SERVICES AS SPECIAL PROGRAM IN PHYSIC EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Dian Artha , Nursulistiyo Eko , Puspitasari Ariati Dina
Published: November 2018

This research purpose is to evaluate the International Community Services (KKN Internasional) as a special program at Physics Education department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education ( FKIP) Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD). Research method which is used in this research base on CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The research subjects are Physics Education department of UAD, the International Office Affairs (KUI) of UAD, the Community Service Department (LPM) of UAD, and the student participant of KKN International on 2013, 2014, and 2016. Questionnaires are used to collect the data. The result of this research, context is in 85% on very good category, input is in 81% on very good category, process is in 82% on very good category, and product is in 92% on very good category according to majority of research subjects. This program is recommeded to continue with some suggestion such as development the guide book of KKN Internasional, etc.
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT PROFILES FOR THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF IRANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Hamidifar Fatemeh , Yusoff Kamaruzaman , Ebrahimi Mansoureh
Published: November 2018

Ongoing efforts to strengthen internationalization have increased the numbers of international students in institutions of higher learning. Such inflows will clearly place local institutions on par with many of their international counterparts. This paper explores the significance of higher education’s internationalization with regard to leadership competencies and systems management. The objective is to examine a wide range of priorities that qualify a successful leader as well as an effective ‘systems profile’ for the internationalization of higher education and its profile on the internationalization of Iranian higher education. The authors analyze differences between leaders and managers as their core focus. Required criteria for effective leaders and team management are discussed with a specific view towards the internationalization of higher education. A qualitative approach applies and findings demonstrate how both leadership’s and management’s contributions and skills combine to accomplish the task. As a detailed synopsis, this paper provides prime incentive for future investigations of educational enterprises. It presents a substantiated framework for the systematic development of prudent internationalized institutions of higher education, particularly in Iran.
PELUANG DAN CABARAN SISTEM TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT ( IT ) KEWANGAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA (OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM (IT) IN ISLAMIC FINANCE IN MALAYSIA)
Authors: Hehsan Nurshuhadak , Salamon Hussin , Nik Zainal Abidin Nik Muhamad Firdaus
Published: November 2018

Information technology (IT) system or more to the software is a vital key component in Islamic finance. However, it is seen to be left far behind as compared to conventional system. This has been led to constraints as well as differences of opinion the existence of the Islamic financial product. Studies has been conducted to assess the opportunities and challenges that exist in information technology systems for Islamic finance in Malaysia in order to make Malaysia as one of World Islamic Finance real hubs. Hence, the demand for Islamic financial information technology systems increases alongside with the development of Islamic finance products in the market. Moreover the existing vendor of the conventional banking information technology system has modified the existing system to fulfil current market demand. So, a research has been a study is conducted to evaluate existing vendors based on the current system to satisfy Islamic finance market demand. The researcher should assess the disadvantages and the advantages of a system which has been developed by the Islamic finance or conventional vendor. The purpose of the study is to evaluate opportunity and challenge the system which met the demands of Islamic banks in order to make their operating system more efficient to compete with conventional bank system as well. A system is also evaluated based on international standards such as Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOFI) and Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB).
PRINSIP KHIYAR DALAM JUALAN BARANGAN: KAJIAN TERHADAP AKTA KONTRAK 1950 (AKTA 136)(THE PRINCIPLE OF KHIYAR IN SELLING OF GOODS: A STUDY ON THE CONTRACT ACT 1950 (ACT 136))
Authors: Harun Hasri , Hj Ahmad Shofian , Markom Ruzian
Published: November 2018

Khiyar or options are rights granted by Islamic law against the buyer and the seller as to whether to continue or discontinue the contract that has been executed. Khiyar rights are described in detail in the books of fiqh transactions, particularly in the topics of trade. However, the law of the transaction in Malaysia, there is no specific provision entitling khiyar to the contracting parties. This article seeks to examine the extent of the principle khiyar according to Islamic contract law can be implemented in through Chapter 2 section 3 to 9, the Contracts Act 1950 (136). Study found that there were similarities khiyar philosophy and principles of Islamic law as the provisions of section 3-9, but the provisions of the Contracts Act 1950 is not used as khiyar. This study is important to ensure that the concept Khiyar in contract law in Malaysia can be implemented as a whole and improve the law of contract in Malaysia to safeguard the rights and interests of the consumer and the seller.
IBN KHALDUN’S RELIGIONSWISSENSCHAFT: EXPLORING THE SOURCES IN THE MUQADDIMAH
Authors: Wan Razali Wan Mohd Fazrul Azdi , Awang Jaffary
Published: November 2018

Ibn Khaldun is one of many Muslim scholars in the study of Islamic history and civilization, who is popularly known for his Muqaddimah. The Muqaddimah is meant to be an introduction to the voluminous Kitab al-cIbar. Yet, the creation of Muqaddimah includes information on the study of human, which includes information on the non-Muslim religions. By including information on the non-Muslim religions in his Muqaddimah, this means that there are specific sources used by Ibn Khaldun for this purpose. In any research writings, credible and reliable sources of information are among important elements in determining a valid, useful and accurate research finding. Through the use of qualitative content analysis on Muqaddimah text, this article explores Ibn Khaldun’s sources of information on the non-Muslim religions. Two typologies of Ibn Khaldun’s sources are relayed in this article, namely their main forms and their religious origin. In terms of main forms of sources, there are two main forms of sources found in the Muqaddimah, namely critical observation and textual sources. While for their religious origin, Ibn Khaldun’s sources of other religions could be divided into three main types, namely first, Muslim sources, second, Christian sources and third, Jewish sources. This article opines that these sources are proofs of Ibn Khaldun’s epistemology, altogether of his understanding of knowledge and religion, as integrative or in tawhidic manner. It is possible to conclude that due to this integrative or tawhidic understanding, Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah has been recognized as amongst world’s great literatures and referred by many international scholars until today.
AN OUTLINE OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DEVELOPED IN MUSLIM BENGAL UNDER THE TURKO-AFGHAN SULTANATE (1204-1576)
Authors: Islam Md. Thowhidul
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first verse of the Holy Qur’an indicates that education is an integral part of Islam. Since then, educational development has been a parallel to the development of Muslim society. From the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Bengal by the Turks in the early 13th century, the society had also witnessed the rapid development of a new educational system. Before Islam in Bengal, The Buddhist and Brahmanic religious centres mainly served as educational centres. Cultivation of knowledge was instructed through the Sanskrit language and limited only to the upper classes people. But the scenario got a change under the Muslims both- Turko-Afghan Sultanate (1204-1576 A.D.) and the Mughals (1576-1757 A.D.). The period witnessed a rapid advancement in the educational field, which changed the traditional system. The Rulers patronized the spread of education considering it as their religious obligation. Besides Sultans, the Sufis, Ulamas, Nobles, Chieftains-all contributed in this regard. Masjids and Madrasahs mainly served as centre of Muslim education. In the Masjids, informal teaching was offered in all branches of Islamic studies, from elementary to the highest level. The Imams of the Masjids were acknowledged teachers of the community. Madrasahs were the most important institution, where formal education was instructed. Maktabs were used for primary education, which were organized either in the Masjids or private houses. Majilises were developed around individual scholars as higher educational centres such as the learning centre of Shaikh Jalaluddin Tabrizi at Deotala, Shaikh Sharfuddin Abu Tawama at Sonargaon, Dhaka etc. There was co-education at primary level, but the higher education for women was limited only to the higher & high-middle class families. Different branches of Islamic Sciences such as Tafsir, Hadith, fiqh-Jurisprudence, logic together with many diverse subjects such as natural sciences, mathematics, medicine, agriculture, astronomy, geography and Arabic & Persian languages and literature were taught in these institutions. To maintain these educational institutions, the rulers provided state patronage, granted rent-free lands as endowment. Thus, a very new and diversified educational system flourished in the society of Bengal under the Muslim rulers, which opened learning facilities for all the people, founding many educational institutions throughout the country. The paper is mainly aimed at discovering the nature and dimensions of educational system, which developed particularly during the Turko-Afghan Muslim Sultanate (1204-1576 A.D.) in Bengal and identify how the system can contribute to improve the present educational system of the country.
KERESAHAN MURID DALAM MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: APLIKASI MODEL PENGUKURAN RASCH (RESTLESSNESS AMONG THE PUPILS IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION SUBJECT: APPLICATION MODEL MEASUREMENT RASCH)
Authors: Katip Khairulhelmi , Rameli Mohd. Rustam , Mohd. Noor Sulaiman Shakib , Muhamad Ahmad Marzuki
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnxiety or restlessness is an affective psychological variable that could affect the life of students significantly. In Malaysia, anxiety is one of the factors influencing subject performance especially among primary school students. Thus, a study of anxiety in Islamic Studies should be conducted to identify the problem. Also lack of previous study investigate the indicators of Islamic education subject anxiety specifically. Thus, this study aims to identify students’ experience anxiety level for Islamic Education subject and to build a hierarchy of students' experience anxiety based on the Parkinsons’ Four Factor Theory. A total of 83 primary school students were selected by using simple random sampling to become the respondents in this study. The respondents were asked to complete Anxiety Scale which measure students’ appraisal, arousal, action tendencies and also face expression throughout the process and situations in learning Islamic education. All the collected data were analysed by using measure rank analysis by applying Rasch Measurement Model to identify the rank of the four indicators of Islamic education anxiety. Results show that students experience relatively moderate level of anxiety in learning Islamic education. Besides, within the four indicators of Islamic education anxiety, appraisal towards external stimulus rank the highest while action tendencies rank the lowest. The results of this study have great implications for Islamic Education Teacher in identifying and improving communication with students experiencing anxiety in learning Islamic education at class.
FROM RIAU TO SINGAPORE: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE RUSHDIAH CLUB’S MAJOR PUBLISHED WRITINGS (CA. 1890-1950)
Authors: ZAKARIYA HAFIZ , OKTASARI WIWIN
Published: November 2018

This study examines the prominent Malay literary organization in the Sultanate of Riau-Lingga: Rushdiah Club’s writing and printing activities. It provides a descriptive content analysis of books on various subjects that were published by the printing presses under the auspices of the members of the Rushdiah Club in Riau, Singapore and Penang from 1893 to 1950. Specifically, these presses were Matba‘at al-Ahmadiyyah and Matba‘ah al-Riyawiyyah in Riau-Lingga; Matba‘at al-Ahmadiyyah (better known as the Ahmadiah Press) and al-Imam Printing Company Ltd. in Singapore; and Jelutong Press in Penang. The objective of this paper is to discuss the roles of the Rushdiah Club, particularly its contribution to the Malay societies by flourishing the writing and printing culture. Furthermore, this paper investigates how their publications had constructed a specific pattern of Islamic thought and culture as the members joined intellectual debates over the issue of Islamic reformism. The analysis of the catalogues involves two phases: firstly, examining the writers; secondly, itemizing them according to categories, content, and characteristics of the books. The finding of the study indicated that the most common theme is Islam and religion, which is about 73 books (36.86%).  This study also contends that the Rushdiah Club which was strongly anchored by the Islamic ethos, responded to colonialism through non-violent means.
KONSEP KESEDERHANAAN DALAM BUDDHISME (THE CONCEPT OF MODERATION IN BUDDHISM )
Authors: Mohd Naaim Nor Atiqah , Awang Jaffary
Published: November 2018

Buddhism is the oldest religion still in practice today. The arrival of the religion was a reaction against the oppression by the self-centred Brahmins. The founders of Buddhism were Kshatriyas (warriors) who suffered discrimination towards the lower-class citizens. Most of the religions ever existed in India long time ago are non-existent to date.  However, the teachings of Buddha (Dhamma) persevere as a need to its followers up until today. For that reason, Buddha considers himself a religious teacher to propagate enlightenment and wellbeing for all mankind.  Fundamentally, Buddha leads his followers to a normal life that is a life void of extremism such as denial of self-indulgence or total obedience to self-desire and self-dependence on a substance for the sake of pleasure.   There is a variety of teachings of Buddha to his followers. One in particular is the concept of moderation. Therefore, this article will explain the concept of moderation by Buddha. The methodology used in this research is qualitative method by referring to library research from theses, journals, newspapers and books related to the research topic. Based on the research, the researcher noted that the concept of moderation comes in two aspects namely theoretical and practical aspects. The theoretical aspect recorded an explanation by Buddha on the Law of Dependent Origination known as patticasamuppada.  Meanwhile the practical aspect centres around the Eight-Fold Path which has eight principles and has to be applied by every follower.
The Mosque Based Islamic Education In Guangzhou China
Authors: Basri Husen Hasan , Ta’rif Ta’rif
Published: November 2018

This writing constitutes a research outcome regarding the Mosque based Islamic education in Guangzhou, China that aims at finding out the form of the mosque based Islamic education in relation to the implementation, student, teacher, material, means and facilities and financing. This research adopts an explorative qualitative approach with data collection through interview, site observation and documentation study.  Through an observation against four mosques in Guangzhou, it is found a mosque role in the Islamic religion education. The Islamic religion education is conducted by its management and congregation of the mosque. The learning place is conducted in a building separated from the mosque although some of them conducts the learning process at their mosque. A material is regarding the Islamic basic teaching and Arabic language. The teacher comes from the management of the mosque itself who is Leader (Ahong). The students come from youth, teenagers and adult ore even elderly.
Keusahawanan Dakwah Berdasarkan Kisah Anbiya Dalam Al-Quran (Entrepreneurial Dakwah Based on the Anbiya Story In the Quran)
Authors: Ripin Mohd Nasir , Mohd Yusof Zulkifli
Published: November 2018

Many assume that human is free to do entrepreneurial activity for profit. Islam sees entrepreneurship as part of religious teachings to meet human needs that must be practiced based on moral values. This article uses a content analysis study method to reveal the story of anbiya with their dakwah activities which are widely recorded in the Quran related to entrepreneurship. The dakwah duty of the anbiya is to call upon people to believe in Allah and the hereafter as well as avoiding them from tyranny or disadvantage. Their dakwah process is done in the community through various fields of life, including entrepreneurship. The process of preaching through entrepreneurship is manifested based on three components: Engagement in entrepreneurship, monitoring of entrepreneurial activities, and Islamic ratings on entrepreneurial activities. This paper however details only the involvement of anbiya in various sectors of entrepreneurship through their stories recorded by the Quran. In summary, the involvement of anbiya in entrepreneurial activities while realizing the dakwah call was named as entrepreneurial dakwah.
Pengaruh Insentif Keimanan Terhadap Amalan Pengajaran Guru Tahfiz Al-Quran di Negeri Perak (The Influence of Faith Incentive on the Teaching Practices of the Tahfiz’s Teachers in Perak)
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mohd Marzuqi , Hashim Azmil , Abdullah Wahyu Hidayat , Borham Abdul Hadi , Yussuf Ahmad
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study is aimed to determine the influence of faith incentives on teachers’ teaching practices in private tahfiz institutions in Perak. 33 teachers teaching tahfiz al-Quran were involved in this study. They were randomly selected from the tahfiz institutions of ADDIN Foundation. A set of questionnaires containing 15 items were built to measure the faith incentives and 10 items were used as instruments to measure the teaching practices. Findings from the questionnaire that were analyzed descriptively showed that overall level of faith incentives provided by the manager or administrator of tahfiz institutions was at a high level with a mean value (4.60). The findings also showed a significant correlation between faith incentives and teachers' teaching practices. The result of this study summarized that incentive of faith has some influence on the practice of teaching by tahfiz al-Quran teachers.Keywords: teaching practice, tahfiz Al-Quran teachers, faith incentives.AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap pengaruh insentif keimanan terhadap amalan pengajaran guru di maahad tahfiz al-Quran swasta Negeri Perak. Seramai (33) orang guru tahfiz al-Quran terlibat sebagai sampel yang dipilih secara rawak mudah daripada semua maahad Tahfiz Yayasan ADDIN. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian, satu set soal selidik yang mengandungi (15) item untuk mengukur insentif keimanan dan (10) item untuk mengukur amalan pengajaran digunakan sebagai instrumen. Dapatan dari soal selidik yang dianalisis secara deskriptif menunjukkan secara keseluruhan tahap insentif keimanan yang telah disediakan oleh pengurus atau pentadbir maahad berada pada tahap yang tinggi dengan nilai min (4.60). Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara insentif keimanan dengan amalan pengajaran guru. Implikasi kajian merumuskan insentif keimanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap amalan pengajaran guru tahfiz al-Quran.Keywords: insentif keimanan, amalan pengajaran, guru tahfiz al-Quran
The Approach of Muhammad Farid Wajdi to the Validity of Prophethood of Muhammad (p.b.u.h) and His Role in Establsihing a Civilized Socity
Authors: Abdul Rahim Adibah
Published: November 2018

This paper attempts to examine the approach of an Egyptian scholar, Muhammad Farid Wajdi, in his study of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h). Compared to other studies on Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) which are mostly historical and descriptive in nature, the approach of Wajdi is based on a scientific and rational method. Although Wajdi’s extensive writings are on various aspects of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h),   this paper focuses on his arguments on the validity of the prophethood and the revelation and role of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) in establishing a civilized society. The evaluation of the validity of prophethood is necessary to respond to the misrepresentation of Western orientalists of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) and their rejection of his prophethood. The role of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) in establishing a civilized society is also highlighted to invalidate the claim of the West that the Prophet’s role was only confined to the spiritual life of individuals, whilst disregarding the social, political and economic aspects. Based on his observations and evidences, it can be justifiably claimed that Wajdi is able to refute the misrepresentation of Islam, in general, and Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h), in particular.
Penilaian Lafaz Sorih Dan Kinayah Dalam Pengesahan Talak Tiga Sekali Lafaz Di Mahkamah Syariah
Authors: Abdul Shukor Mahfuzah , Nasohah Zaini
Published: November 2018

The dissolution of marriage through triple divorce at once is one of the matter debated among the fuqaha. This disagreement also shaping the decisions of Syariah Court in making the verification of the talak pronunciation. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the law of dissolution of marriage through triple divorce at once according to Islamic law and to analyze the decision of the Syariah Court in assessing pronunciation sorih and kinayah in the case of triple divorce at once. This study uses document analysis methods. The findings found that Syariah judges during the trial more likely to submit three talak for sorih pronunciation like triple divorce at once compared to Syarie Judges during appeal that does not continue to submit three talak unless proven occurence of three talak. For the kinayah pronunciation like repeated divorce at a time, Syarie judges during trial found less careful in reviewing the pronunciation compared to Syariah judges during appeal seen more careful and thorough with regard to particular aspects before making a decision. Taking to consideration the intent can help the Court make decisions more accurately and fairly.