bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) of Norway – Part I: species records published until December 2019, with an updated checklist
Authors: Menzel Frank , Gammelmo Øivind , Olsen Kjell Magne , Köhler Arne
Published: August 2020

Black Fungus Gnats (Sciaridae) are a megadiverse, cosmopoliltan family of bibionomorph Diptera. Even in Europe, the continent with the longest tradition in sciarid taxonomy, numerous taxonomic issues remain unresolved and countless species await discovery and description. The fauna of Norway is in these respects no exception. Recognising considerable knowledge gaps, the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre provided substantial funding for a detailed inventory of the Sciaridae species occurring in Norway, which was realised in 2014–2018. The results of this project will be published in a series of papers, of which the first is presented here, summarising available data on the taxonomy, faunistics, and autecology of Norwegian Sciaridae beginning with Zetterstedt’s pioneering work in 1838 and ending with 31 December 2019 as the cut-off date. All published records from that period were analysed. The result is a list of 143 species and four unplaced names. Following a consistent scheme, verified locality details are provide including alternative spellings, habitats, and flight times of adults in Norway, literature citations for the faunistic records, and general taxonomic references for classification or identification. A checklist of the sciarid fauna of Norway and a complete list of the relevant literature are also presented.
Nitrous Oxide Analgesia for Minor Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Alexander A Herbert , Alexander Charlotte E , Woodruff Robert E , Lichtman David M
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: The need for adequate analgesia to perform potentially painful procedures on our orthopedic patients is of paramount importance. Narcotics and tranquilizers, although effective, often cause prolonged somnolence lasting long after the orthopedic procedure is completed. Nitrous oxide, on the other hand, takes effect within minutes and its pharmacological effects subside rapidly upon termination of inhalation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of using nitrous oxide analgesia for minor orthopedic procedures. Thirty-seven patients were administered a 50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen mixture. The orthopedic procedure was then performed followed by three minute nitrous washout with 100% oxygen. Twelve patients received conventional parenteral medications and were compared to the former group. Evaluation of the results following the administration of these two methods of analgesia revealed both to be relatively safe with the nitrous oxide having a significantly greater level of patient acceptance. At this medical institution it is now the preferred method of our orthopedic surgeons who routinely perform these procedures.
IS PROPHYLACTIC BRACING OF THE ANKLE COST EFFECTIVE?
Authors: Jerosch J , Thorwesten L , Bork H , Bischof M
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

The ankle joints of 14 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with unstable ankle joints were tested for their functional and proprioceptive capabilities. All of them were active athletes. Three tests were used: the single-leg stance test, the single-leg jumping course test, and the angle-reproduction test. The influence of three stabilization devices-the lace-on brace (Mikros), the stirrup brace (Aircast), and taping-on the proprioceptivity of stable and unstable ankle joints was evaluated. The scores of the single-leg jumping course test without any stabilizing device ("standard" category) ranged between 8.06 and 13.68 (10.65 + 1.29). In the Mikros (9.95 + 0.99) and Aircast (9.99 + 1.14) brace categories, as well as the tape bandage (10.27 + 0.81) category, better scores were achieved. The differences between "standard vs Mikros" and "standard vs Aircast" revealed a significant reduction of the scores with the orthoses (P<.01). The error rate in the single-leg stance test was within the range of 0 to 16 (5.12 + 2.85) for the standard category. It was lower for the Mikros (3.65 + 2.65) and Aircast (4.17 + 2.59) categories. The error rate was highest in the tape bandage group (5.79 + 3.53). There was a significant difference between "standard vs Mikros" and "standard vs Aircast" regarding injured and non-injured ankle joints (P<.01). The angle-reproduction test showed higher values for the standard (2.36° + 0.97) category than the Mikros (1.46° + 0.72), Aircast (1.62° + 0.91), and taping (1.84° + 0.41) categories. In the standard category, the reproduction error was lower when non-injured ankle joints (2.30° +1.04) were tested than when unstable ankle joints (2.44° + 0.81) were tested, whereas in all other categories the reproduction error was higher in the group of non-injured joints. According to the literature, applying a prophylactic brace can prevent an estimated 30 ankle sprains per 1000 athletic exposures.
Image retinex based on the nonconvex TV-type regularization
Authors: Wang Yuan , Pang Zhi-Feng , Duan Yuping , Chen Ke
Published: August 2020

Retinex theory is introduced to show how the human visual system perceives the color and the illumination effect such as Retinex illusions, medical image intensity inhomogeneity and color shadow effect etc.. Many researchers have studied this ill-posed problem based on the framework of the variation energy functional for decades. However, to the best of our knowledge, the existing models via the sparsity of the image based on the nonconvex \begin{document}$ \ell^p $\end{document}-quasinorm were limited. To deal with this problem, this paper considers a TV\begin{document}$ _p $\end{document}-HOTV\begin{document}$ _q $\end{document}-based retinex model with \begin{document}$ p, q\in(0, 1) $\end{document}. Specially, the TV\begin{document}$ _p $\end{document} term based on the total variation(TV) regularization can describe the reflectance efficiently, which has the piecewise constant structure. The HOTV\begin{document}$ _q $\end{document} term based on the high order total variation(HOTV) regularization can penalize the smooth structure called the illumination. Since the proposed model is non-convex, non-smooth and non-Lipschitz, we employ the iteratively reweighed \begin{document}$ \ell_1 $\end{document} (IRL1) algorithm to solve it. We also discuss some properties of our proposed model and algorithm. Experimental experiments on the simulated and real images illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness of our proposed model both visually and quantitatively by compared with some related state-of-the-art variational models.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN RESIDING IN HIGH AND LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: RISK FACTORS, PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY
Authors: MANTADAKIS ELPIS
Published: August 2020

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affect approximately two billion people worldwide and most of them reside in low- and middle-income countries. In these countries, additional causes of anemia include parasitic infections like malaria, other nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, hemoglobinopathies and lead poisoning. Maternal anemia in resource-poor nations is associated with low birth weight, increased perinatal mortality and decreased work productivity. Maintaining a normal iron balance in these settings is challenging, as iron-rich foods with good bioavailability are of animal origin that are expensive and/or available in short supply. Apart from infrequent consumption of meat, inadequate vitamin C intake and diets rich in inhibitors of iron absorption are additional important risk factors for IDA in low-income countries. In-home iron fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of iron deficiency and IDA in infants and young children in developing countries but is associated with unfavorable changes in gut flora and induction of intestinal inflammation that may lead to diarrhea and hospitalization. In developed countries, iron deficiency is the only frequent micronutrient deficiency. In the industrialized world, IDA is more common in infants beyond the sixth month of life, in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding, in women of childbearing age and elderly people. Other special at-risk populations for IDA in developed countries are regular blood donors, endurance athletes and vegetarians. Several medicinal ferrous or ferric oral iron products exist, and their use is not apparently associated with harmful effects on the overall incidence of infectious illnesses in sideropenic and/or anemic subjects. Further research is needed to clarify the risks and benefits of supplemental iron for children exposed to parasitic infections in the third world, and for children genetically predisposed to iron overload.
ACQUIRED HAEMOPHILIA A: AN INTRIGUING DISEASE
Authors: Mazzucconi Maria Gabriella , Baldacci Erminia , Ferretti Antonietta , Santoro Cristina
Published: August 2020

Acquired Haemophilia A is a rare acquired bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies directed against Factor VIII, which neutralize FVIII activity. These inhibitors differ from alloantibodies against FVIII which can occur in congenital Haemophilia A after repeated exposures to plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII products. In most cases the disease occurs suddenly in subjects without personal or familiar history of bleedings, with symptoms that may be mild, moderate or severe. However, only laboratory alterations are present in   ̴ 30% of patients. The incidence varies from 1 to 4 cases per million/year; more than 80% of patients are elderly, males and females are similarly affected. There is a small peak of incidence related to pregnancy in young women aged 20–40 years. The disease may be underdiagnosed in the elderly. The diagnostic algorithm is based on an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, normal thrombin time, absence of Lupus Anticoagulant and a mixing test that reveals the presence of an inhibitor: the finding of reduced FVIII activity and the detection of neutralising autoantibodies against FVIII lead to diagnosis. The disease is idiopathic in   44%-63% of cases, while in the others etiological factors are present. Bleeding prevention and treatment are based on therapeutic tools as bypassing agents, recombinant porcine FVIII concentrate or, in a limited number of cases, FVIII concentrates and desmopressin. As soon as the diagnosis has been made, immunosuppressive therapy must be started to eradicate the inhibitor. Better knowledge of the disease, optimal management of bleeding and eradication of the inhibitor have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in most patients. 

 

Keywords: autoantibodies against FVIII, bleeding symptoms, bleeding treatment, eradication therapy.
Pidotimod in paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infected patients
Authors: Ucciferri Claudio , Mirko Barone , Vecchiet Jacopo , Falasca Katia
Published: August 2020

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Spontaneous and severe haematomas in patients with COVID-19 on low-molecular-weight heparin for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mazzitelli Maria , Serapide Francesca , Tassone Bruno , Laganà Domenico , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Torti Carlo
Published: August 2020

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Hyper- and hypocoagulability in COVID-19 as assessed by thromboelastometry -two case reports-
Authors: Kong Robert , Hutchinson Nevil , Görlinger Klaus
Published: August 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated coagulopathy is most often characterized by elevated D-dimer, interleukin-6, and plasma fibrinogen concentrations as well as hypercoagulability in thromboelastometry with increased clot firmness in the EXTEM, INTEM, and FIBTEM assays. Clinically, it manifests with a very high incidence of thrombosis, particularly in the pulmonary system, whereas bleeding complications are infrequent.Case: Here, we describe two critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to our intensive care unit demonstrating different thromboelastometry and biomarker patterns. One patient presented with hypercoagulability and the other patient with hypocoagulability and fibrinolysis shutdown in thromboelastometry. The pathophysiology and the potential impact on treatment options are discussed.Conclusions: A combination of biomarkers and thromboelastometry results can be helpful in the future to decide which therapeutic strategy might be most appropriate for critically ill patients with COVID-19. This would be an important step to establish precision medicine in this high-risk patient population.
Managing rebound pain after regional anesthesia
Authors: Muñoz-Leyva Felipe , Cubillos Javier , Chin Ki Jinn
Published: August 2020

Rebound pain after regional anesthesia can be defined as transient acute postoperative pain that ensues following resolution of sensory blockade, and is clinically significant, either with regard to the intensity of pain or the impact on psychological well-being, quality of recovery, and activities of daily living. Current evidence suggests that it represents an unmasking of the expected nociceptive response in the absence of adequate systemic analgesia, rather than an exaggerated hyperalgesic phenomenon induced by local anesthetic neural blockade. In the majority of patients, it does not appear to significantly impact cumulative postoperative opioid consumption, quality of recovery, or patient satisfaction, and is not associated with longer-term sequelae such as persistent post-surgical pain. Nevertheless, it must be considered whenever regional anesthesia is incorporated into perioperative management. Strategies to mitigate the impact of rebound pain include routine prescribing of a systemic multimodal analgesic regimen, as well as patient education on appropriate expectations regarding block offset and expected surgical pain, and timely initiation of analgesic medication. Prolonging the duration of action of regional anesthesia with continuous catheter techniques or local anesthetic adjuncts may also help alleviate rebound pain, although further research is required to confirm this.
Association of Conjunctival Dysplasia (Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia) with Melanosis (Microscopic Non-Proliferative Melanin Pigmentation)
Authors: Fariba Fattahi Seyede , Khalili Mohammad Reza , Navahi Roshanak Aliakbar , Ashraf Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To determine the association between conjunctival epithelial dysplasia (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia) and its melanosis (microscopic non-proliferative melanin pigmentation) in conjunctival biopsies.

Methods:

In this retrospective case series, histopathological slides from all conjunctival biopsies obtained in Khalil Hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for a period of 6 years (April 2009–July 2015) were reviewed. After considering the exclusion criteria (non-melanotic pigmentation, melanocytic proliferations, and squamous cell carcinoma), conjunctival biopsies were divided histopathologically into two groups of dysplastic and non-dysplastic. Then, the slides were reviewed by one ophthalmopathologists and one general pathologist. Melanin pigmentation was recorded in both groups as 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+. The data were analyzed, and the groups were compared.

Results:

Overall, 685 cases with a mean age of 47.78 (±17.74) years were included in this study. Dysplastic and non-dysplastic groups comprised 135 (19.7%) and 550 (80.3%) specimens, respectively. Seventy-six percent (76%) of the specimens in the dysplastic group versus 40% in the non-dysplastic group had melanosis (P = 0.001). However, the degree of dysplasia (1+, 2+, and 3+) was not statistically correlated with the degree of melanosis (1+, 2+, and 3+) (P = 0.393).

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that melanosis is a common finding in conjunctival epithelial dysplasia and might indicate an association with conjunctival epithelial dysplasia.
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Using Epithelium Disruptor Instrument in Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Zaheryani Seyed Mohammad Salar , Movahedan Hossein , Salouti Ramin , Mohaghegh Sahar , Javadpour Sara , Shirvani Mohammad , Kasraei Farzaneh , Bamdad Shahram
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To compare the effects of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in progressive keratoconus (KCN) patients via epithelium removal and transepithelial techniques, using Daya Disruptor (Duckworth and Kent, Hertfordshire, UK).

Methods:

This study is a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Patients with documented bilateral progressive KCN were randomized into two groups: one eye underwent epithelium removal (Group 1), and the fellow eye underwent epithelium disruption (Group 2). The primary outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), Scheimpflug-extracted keratometric indices, and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography-derived epithelial thickness profiles. These parameters were evaluated before and 12 months after CXL.

Results:

Sixty-four eyes from 34 patients with progressive KCN (34 eyes in the epithelium-removal group and 30 eyes in the epithelium-disruption group) were included. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 23.4 ± 3.8 years in the epithelium-removal group and 23.2 ± 3.5 years in the epithelium-disruption group. The mean ± SD of the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE), front maximum keratometry (K-max), back K-max, thickness of thinnest point, and corneal apex thickness were − 2.9 ± 3.0 diopter (D) and − 3.7 ± 3.1 D (P = 0.183), 53.8 ± 5.15 D and 54.4 ± 5.53 D (P = 0.653), −6.63 ± 2.40 D and − 6.68 ± 2.48 D (P = 0.131), 459.2 ± 37.4 μm and 460.8 ± 32.7 μm (P = 0.708), 470.5 ± 37.7 μm and 469.7 ± 33.1 μm (P = 0.679), and 55.4 ± 4.97 μm and 54.6 ± 7.16 μm (P = 0.767) in the epithelium-removal and epithelium-disruption groups, respectively. The mean ± SD changes of the UCVA and BCVA 12 months after CXL were − 0.1 ± 0.11 and − 0.02 ± 0.18 and − 0.04 ± 0.12 and − 0.02 ± 0.14 in the epithelium-removal and epithelium-disruption groups, respectively. No statistically significant improvement was observed in the UCVA and BCVA between the two groups (P = 0.868 and P = 0.937, respectively). The mean ± SD changes of the SE, superior epithelial thickness, corneal apex thickness, and thickness of thinnest point 12 months after CXL were − 0.21 ± 1.1 D and + 0.32 ± 1.6 D (P = 0.0001), −0.08 ± 0.26 μm and + 0.03 ± 0.33 μm (P = 0.028), −23 ± 11 μm and − 2 ± 6 μm (P = 0.0001), and − 25 ± 8 μm and − 3 ± 7 μm (P = 0.0001) in the epithelium-removal and epithelium-disruption groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study showed that the epithelium-disruption CXL using Daya has a similar potential for halting KCN progression as the epithelium-removal CXL. However, regarding the 12-month changes, the epithelium-disruption CXL is superior to the epithelium-removal CXL in the SE and corneal pachymetry.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology in the EU Response to the 2015 Refugee Crisis
Authors: Wasilewski Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

The 2015 refugee crisis – as the mass influx of migrants from the Middle East is commonly dubbed – tested the European Union’s ability to react to large-scale humanitarian emergencies. Apart from various organizational, social and political changes that the 2015 refugee crisis has brought to the European Union, it has also marked the growing role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the EU’s asylum and migration policies. Drawing from the critical perspective of international relations and such concepts as securitization of migration, the paper aims to analyse the engagement of ICT by EU institutions and individual Member States during the refugee crisis in 2015.
Detencja cudzoziemców jako temat badawczy i wyzwanie metodologiczne
Authors: Schmidt Jacek
Published: August 2020

Detention of Foreigners as a Research Topic and Methodological Challenge

The paper presents the conceptual and methodological assumptions (research strategies) regarding the project “Space organisation in Polish detention centres for foreigners”. This pioneer research project studies detention centres as a total institution, which so far was outside the area of academic interest. An interdisciplinary, one-year group research project in all six guarded centres for foreigners in Poland involved an original, eclectic concept of studying the organisational culture of total institutions. This concept referred to various theoretical inspirations, such as proxemics, kinesics, symbolic interactionism, morphogenesis theory, the model of patron-client relations, the concept of morality economics, etc.

Keywords: total institutions, detention of foreigners, research strategies, interdisciplinarity

Streszczenie

Tekst zawiera prezentację koncepcji i założeń metodologicznych (strategii badawczych) projektu „Organizacja przestrzeni w polskich ośrodkach detencyjnych dla cudzoziemców”. Jest to pionierskie przedsięwzięcie badawcze realizowane w instytucji totalnej, która do tej pory pozostawała poza oglądem przedstawicieli nauk społecznych. Roczne badania zespołowe, które przeprowadzono we wszystkich sześciu strzeżonych ośrodków dla cudzoziemców w Polsce miały charakter interdyscyplinarny, wymagały opracowania autorskiej, a zarazem eklektycznej koncepcji badania kultury organizacyjnej instytucji totalnej, odwołującej się do różnych inspiracji teoretycznych (proksemika, kinezyka, interakcjonizm symboliczny, teoria morfogenezy, koncepcja „patron-klient”, koncepcja ekonomii moralności i in.).
Nowe media a rekonstrukcja kapitału społecznego migrantów ukraińskich na polskim rynku pracy
Authors: Galanciak Sylwia , Huriy Bohdana
Published: August 2020

New Media and the Reconstruction of Ukrainian Migrants’ Social Capital on the Polish Labour Market

Since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014 and political and economic crisis caused by that situation, Poland has remained the main direction of Ukrainian citizens’ migration (OECD 2018, Jaroszewicz 2018). New immigrants arrive with varied linguistic, legal and social preparation (NBP 2018). Meanwhile, studies of the relationship between the intangible capital of citizens and the development of the economy clearly show the significant role of social and cultural capital in building a steadily developing economy (Czapiński 2008). The work presents the results of research conducted in 2019 on the needs of Ukrainian migrants seeking employment in Poland. An analysis of the content of Ukrainians’ posts on social network platform Facebook and partially structured, in-depth expert interviews have resulted in the construction of a set of five categories of information that immigrants are looking for on the Internet (legal provision and documents, work, place of residence and accommodation, access to services as well as leisure and leisure activities). The study has also identified social media as an important tool of reducing the social capital deficit affecting migrants in the host country.

Keywords: immigrants, Ukraine, Polish labour market, social capital, social media, e-learning

Streszczenie

Od wybuchu w 2014 roku wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej i związanego z nią kryzysu polityczno-ekonomicznego Polska pozostaje głównym kierunkiem migracji obywateli Ukrainy (OECD 2018, Jaroszewicz 2018). Nowi imigranci przybywają ze zróżnicowanym przygotowaniem w zakresie językowym, prawnym czy społecznym (NBP 2018). Tymczasem badania relacji pomiędzy kapitałem niematerialnym obywateli a rozwojem gospodarki wskazują na znaczącą rolę kapitału społecznego i kulturowego w budowaniu stabilnie rozwijającej się gospodarki (Czapiński 2008). Artykuł prezentuje wyniki prowadzonych w 2019 roku badań dotyczących identyfikacji eksponowanych w Internecie informacyjnych potrzeb ukraińskich migrantów szukających zatrudnienia w Polsce. Analiza postów Ukraińców w sieci społecznościowej Facebook oraz częściowo ustrukturyzowanych, pogłębionych wywiadów eksperckich, pozwoliła wyłonić zestaw pięciu kategorii informacji, jakich imigranci poszukują w Internecie (związanych z przepisami prawnymi i dokumentami, z pracą, miejscem zamieszkania i zakwaterowaniem, dostępem do usług oraz wypoczynkiem i formami spędzania czasu wolnego) oraz wskazać media społecznościowe jako ważne narzędzie redukcji deficytu kapitału społecznego, z którym borykają się migranci w kraju przyjmującym.
Wiele życiorysów dziennikarza
Authors: Piątkowska-Stepaniak Wiesława
Published: August 2020

Recenzja książki: Marek Walicki, Z Polski Ludowej do Wolnej Europy, Wydawnictwo Bellona, War­szawa 2018, ss. 327
Mütevazı Teori
Authors: NOYES Dorothy
Published: August 2020

Folklorcular, büyük teori yerine mütevazı teoriyi benimseyerek kendi teori sıkıntılarını çözebilirler. Mütevazı teori, etnoloji ve uygulama tarafından haberdar edilerek bilgilendirir. O, yaşanmış deneyim ile varsayılan insan aklını aşan yasaların tam ortasındaki bölgede neden sorularından ziyade nasıl sorularını ele alır. Bu bölgede, disiplin ile ilgili mirasımızı geliştirebiliriz. Buna karşılık, teoriye neyin teoriden kaynaklandığını sunmaya ihtiyacımız var. Bu, kısmen indirgemecilik ile ilgili endişeniz-den kurtulmak anlamına geliyor. Düşünce, indirmedir. Ancak mütevazı teori, tüm çalışmalarımızın etimolojik anlamda bir deneme olduğunu kabul eder: bir yorum denemesi, nasıl göründüğünü anlamak için geçici bir çerçeve... Daha iyi bir alternatifin bulunmaması durumunda, Aydınlanma Projesi için söylenecek çok şey var. Bilim, onu anlamak için gerçekliği indirger, ancak aynı zamanda kendisini sürekli bir toplu düzeltme ve gözden geçirme sürecine açık bırakır.
Thematic synthesis “Acceptance” of the NRP “Energy”
Authors: Balthasar Andreas , Varone Frédéric , Meierhans Daniel
Published: August 2020

What will it take to change the behaviour patterns of the citizens of Switzerland? What is decisive for gaining support for technologies and infrastructure projects? The NRP Energy has identified numerous acceptance factors. The synthesis brings these factors together and goes as far as to make specific recommendations for action.
Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”
Authors: Habert Guillaume , Pittau Francesco
Published: August 2020

All structures in Switzerland - that is, all buildings, roads, infrastructure constructions and so on - consume over their entire life cycle around 50 % of Switzerland's final energy requirement. They are also responsible for around 30 % of emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2. In recent decades, the energy requirements and CO2 emissions resulting from the use of such structures have fallen sharply. However, the grey energy contained within the structures as well as the CO2 emissions associated with the construction, renovation and demolition of buildings, remain high. There is great potential for improvement here. The joint project “Low energy concrete” provides an important basis for transforming the construction industry into a sustainable sector. It primarily focuses on the building material concrete, which is responsible for an especially high amount of grey energy and significant CO2 emissions. The results of this joint project are summarised and interpreted in this synthesis on “Sustainable Concrete Structures”. The chief objectives of the joint project were as follows: CO2 emissions and grey energy are reduced by drastically decreasing the amount of clinker in the cement. Grey energy is reduced by replacing reinforcing and prestressing steel in concrete structures with wood and plastic. The service life of the structures is extended by professional monitoring and adequate renovation measures; this reduces the average annual grey energy and CO2 emissions. The research work shows that the CO2 emissions caused by concrete and concrete structures can be reduced by a factor of 4, while the bound grey energy can be decreased by a factor of 3.
Synthèse thématique «Acceptation» du PNR «Energie»
Authors: Balthasar Andreas , Varone Frédéric , Meierhans Daniel
Published: August 2020

Que faut-il pour que les Suissesses et les Suisses changent leur comportement de consommation? Qu’est-ce qui est déterminant pour le soutien des technologies et des projets d’infrastructure? Le PNR Énergie a identifié de nombreux facteurs d’acceptation. Cette synthèse les consolide et va jusqu’à recommander des actions concrètes.
White pine and Scots pine tree-ring chronologies as indicators of climate-related non-native and native tree growth patterns in Estonia
Authors: Läänelaid Alar , Helama Samuli
Published: August 2020

Three tree-ring chronologies of white pine (Pinus strobus), a species which are non-native to Europe, were constructed for Suuremõisa, Jädivere and Järvselja sites in Estonia. These chronologies were related to instrumental climate records and Scots pine (P. sylvestris) chronologies from nearby sites. Growth rates of P. strobus exceeded those of P. sylvestris. The chronologies of the non-native and native pine species relatively well correlated with each other. Moreover, tree-ring growth of both species correlated positively with late-winter and spring (February–May) temperatures and negatively with spring (April) precipitation. While P. strobus growth was positively associated with summer precipitation, the growth of P. sylvestris remained positively related to the growing season temperatures. Both species exhibited a negative growth anomaly from 1939 to 1942.

 

Keywords: Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, dendroclimatology, Estonia
Influence of Spent Bleaching Earth and Misspend Cement on Shear Strength Behaviour of Unsaturated Clays
Authors: Kamadi Subhadra and Dr. Ch Bhavannarayana
Published: August 2020

Expansive clay is a major source of undulations induced in any type of structures. Swelling of expansive
soils causes serious problems and produces harm to many structures. Many research organizations are
doing extensive work on waste materials concerning the viability and environmental suitability. Spent
bleaching earth and misspend cement are waste derivatives from oil industry and cement warehouse. To
avoid dumping problem and storage problems, it is the best method technique applied in expansive soils.
Attempts are made to investigate the stabilization process identified in unconfined compressive strength and
tri-axial compressive strength.Stability of any structure depends on strength properties of underground soil
on which it is constructed. Structures basically transfer all the loads come on itself directly to the ground. If
the underlying soil is not stable enough to support transferred loads then various types of failure occur such
as settlement of the structure, cracks and so on. To solve this issue, soil improvement is necessary because it
not only lowers the construction cost but also cuts the risk of any damage of structure later on. Numerous
improvement methods can be adopted to make ordinary soil stable enough to support the structural loads. In
this research work a number of tests may conduct using both ordinary soil and stabilised soil. This thesis
explains the strength behavior of SBE treated black cotton soil reinforced with MC. The various percentage of
SBE as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% was used to find out the optimum value of RBI Grade. MC has been
randomly included into the SBE treated soil at four different percentages of MC content, i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%
and 10%.
MODELING WITH FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE WHEELS
Authors: ÜNAL Çağrı , BÖĞREKCİ İsmail , DEMİRCİOĞLU Pınar
Published: August 2020

Wheels are safety component of vehicle because they are exposed to variable stresses under static and dynamic forces. Fatique tests are determined by wheel test standards applying to designed wheel models. Radial fatigue test is one of the fatigue tests in which crack failures are investigated after definite cycles under dynamic loads. Test procedures take long time and are applied to finished products. The modifications in wheel design depending on the test results, requires conduction of production process repeatedly. This repetitive process increases the cost and time of final production. Numerical modelling gives quick solutions during design stage. Thus, the number of cyclic tests is decreased because of numerical modelling. Therefore, numerical modelling indirectly decreases the cost. In this study, it is aimed to calculate the stress on the rim under the loading conditions by the analysis of stress and displacement in commercial vehicle steel wheels through the development of the finite element models using the Ansys Workbench finite element system.
Estilos de aprendizaje y tecnología educativa virtual en la carrera de Derecho
Authors: Loarca Marroquín Salvador
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo da a conocer los resultados producto de la investigación “Los efectos del uso de las tecnologías educativas virtuales”. La metodología que se utilizó es con enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo, a través de una encuesta, un cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje validado por Honey Alonso y una ficha de observación. Se tomaron como sujetos de estudio a 37 estudiantes y 7 docentes del quinto ciclo de la carrera Abogacía y Notariado de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala del Centro Universitario de Sololá –CUNSOL- extensión San Juan La Laguna. Los principales resultados evidencian que el uso constante de las tecnologías educativas virtuales en las actividades académicas estimula los estilos de aprendizaje sensoriales, de la siguiente manera, el estilo   visual en un 51%, visual-auditivo en un 46%, auditivo y kinestésico con menor porcentaje.  Se concluye que los efectos del uso de las tecnologías educativas virtuales en los estudiantes, según su estilo de aprendizaje son acertados, debido a que estos estimulan los sentidos de la vista y el oído, por medio de las imágenes y sonidos que se reproducen en videos y otras aplicaciones digitales. Los recursos disponibles con éstas tecnologías se adecuan a las necesidades de cada estudiante, además fortalecen su aprendizaje de acuerdo a su estilo para la captación y retención de información.
PENENTUAN PARAMETER LEARNING RATE SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN BACKPROPAGATION MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Saputra Ade chandra
Published: August 2020

One of the weakness in backpropagation Artificial neural network(ANN) is being stuck in local minima. Learning rate parameter is an important parameter in order to determine how fast the ANN Learning. This research is conducted to determine a method of finding the value of learning rate parameter using a genetic algorithm when neural network learning stops and the error value is not reached the stopping criteria or has not reached the convergence. Genetic algorithm is used to determine the value of learning rate used is based on the calculation of the fitness function with the input of the ANN weights, gradient error, and bias. The calculation of the fitness function will produce an error value of each learning rate which represents each candidate solutions or individual genetic algorithms. Each individual is determined by sum of squared error value. One with the smallest SSE is the best individual. The value of learning rate has chosen will be used to continue learning so that it can lower the value of the error or speed up the learning towards convergence.

The final result of this study is to provide a new solution to resolve the problem in the backpropagation learning that often have problems in determining the learning parameters. These results indicate that the method of genetic algorithms can provide a solution for backpropagation learning in order to decrease the value of SSE when learning of ANN has been static in large error conditions, or stuck in local minima
IMPLEMENTASI PENCATATAN AKTIVITAS MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN WEB SERVICE PADA FEEDER PDDIKTI DENGAN METODE EXTREME PROGRAMMING
Authors: Pranatawijaya Viktor Handrianus
Published: August 2020

One of the features in the Feeder PDDIKTI application is the student activity feature. The feature is used to record student activities with participants' activities, supervisors and examiners. The problem with the Feeder PDDIKTI application when recording student activities is that the operator must input data one by one to the application. Therefore DIKTI also provides web services that can be used so that the recording process can be better.Implementation of recording student activities using web services on the Feeder PDDIKTI with extreme programming methods is carried out in accordance with the stages. In the planning part, an analysis is carried out on the business needs and user stories, in the design, use case diagrams and activity diagrams are made, coding is done by implementing the design using the PHP programming language, and testing is done using black box testing.In running the application, upload excel files are used for student activity data, activity participants, supervisors and examiners. After the student activity is successfully uploaded an excel file is generated from the system which contains student activities that already have the id_akt_mhs attribute. These attributes will be used to link student activity data with activity participants, supervisors, and examiners when filling in data in an excel file. Applications made are not yet connected to the Academic Information System Application so that for future development it is expected to be able to connect and retrieve data directly from the Academic Information System Application.
PEMODELAN PENYEBARAN INFEKSI COVID-19 DI KALIMANTAN, 2020
Authors: Teguh Rony , Sahay Abertun Sagit , Adji Fengky F
Published: August 2020

In the regional scale of the province in Kalimantan, the spread case appeared in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan on 18th March 2020, Central Kalimantan on 20th March 2020, South Kalimantan on 22nd March 2020 and North Kalimantan on 29th March 2020. In this case the Covid-19 epidemic was caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). The prediction of the Covid-19 is currently sought. We use the SIR Model to perform basic reproductive value calculations (R0). This model is the mathematic language, interpreted as the number of nativity of a new case due to a person infected with Covid-19 into a fully healthy and potential population for illness or infection by the Covid-19. Using the linear regression, we estimate the value of R0. The value of R0 in Kalimantan region is West Kalimantan (R0 = 1.15), East Kalimantan (R0 = 1.17), Central Kalimantan (R0 = 1.09), South Kalimantan (R0 = 1.24), and North Kalimantan (R0 = 1.20). According to the SIR Model, the highest R0 value is in South Kalimantan, followed by North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, and Central Kalimantan.
MESA 2: DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA
Authors: Menéndez Estrella , Rodríguez Martín , Muratore Carolina , Re Matías Alberto , Burgos Mariana Andrea , Apoloni Susana , Bertona Altieri María Celina , Koleff Claudia Karina , Pomares María Laura , Remón Javier Agustín , Roccatagliata Laura Elisa , Rodríguez María Virginia , Scalitti Gabriela
Published: August 2020

En personas con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) el ejercicio físico realizado en forma regular brindaría protección cardiovascular y tendría propiedades inmunomoduladoras pero la compleja interacción entre los efectos del ejercicio sobre el metabolismo glucídico y la terapia con insulina exógena supone un verdadero desafío. El ejercicio aeróbico por la contracción muscular disminuye la glucemia, conduce a un estado de hiperinsulinemia relativa y genera hipoglucemia al inicio o después del mismo mientras que el  ejercicio anaeróbico se asocia a hiperglucemia por aumento de catecolaminas e  incremento de lactato que  favorece la neoglucogénesis hepática. El deterioro de la respuesta de hormonas contrarreguladoras existente en la DM1 amplifica la variabilidad glucémica y dificulta el control metabólico.Existen guías y recomendaciones que buscan brindar un marco de seguridad para la prescripción de actividad física considerando la multiplicidad de disciplinas deportivas, la edad del paciente y la evaluación de las complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes antes del inicio de la misma. Entre las estrategias terapéuticas se encuentran la modulación con hidratos de carbono, la adecuación pre y pos ejercicio de la insulinoterapia y el control intensivo de glucemia y cetonas. Los nuevos infusores de insulina y monitoreo glucémico ofrecen la posibilidad del fraccionamiento y/o suspensión de dosis convirtiéndose en el gold standard entre los deportistas de alto rendimiento. A futuro modelos integrados con calculadoras de ejercicio inteligentes, capacidad predictiva y de “aprendizaje individualizado” (páncreas artificial) posibilitarán mantener la euglucemia y optimizar los beneficios del ejercicio como parte del tratamiento.
TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD: CIRUGÍA METABÓLICA VS TRATAMIENTO MÉDICO. ¿QUÉ HACER CON LA REGANANCIA DE PESO?
Authors: Fuentes Susana , Gutt Susana
Published: August 2020

La obesidad aumenta los riesgos de trastornos metabólicos, incluida la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). La cirugía bariátrica es la opción terapéutica que causa mayor pérdida de peso y mejoras en las comorbilidades de la obesidad.
EPIGENÉTICA
Authors: Faingold Cristina
Published: August 2020

En la actualidad se acepta que el producto del embarazo en madres que han sido expuestas a desnutrición, obesidad o diabetes gestacional (DG) tiene un aumento del riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a lo largo de su vida.
LACTANCIA MATERNA
Authors: Krochik Gabriela
Published: August 2020

En la actualidad existe un importante cuerpo de evidencia que sostiene que diferentes factores nutricionales y metabólicos, que actúan en períodos sensibles y limitados del desarrollo humano temprano, tienen efectos “programadores” de la salud, el bienestar y el rendimiento a largo plazo que se extienden hasta la adultez y la edad mayor.
METABOLIC IMPACT OF CARDIAC HORMON THERAPY
Authors: Pragier Uriel
Published: August 2020

Gender dysphoria (DG) implies a discordance between the gender assigned at birth and the self-perceived one. Male transgender or male transsexual (FTM) are identified with the male gender and have been assigned as female at birth. Transgender women or transsexual women (MTF) are identified as women but have been assigned as men at birth. There are those who do not seek extreme masculinization or feminization, which allows the term "sexual diversity" to cover these cases.
PREVENCIÓN Y PREDICCIÓN EN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: Rodríguez Martín
Published: August 2020

Los familiares de primer grado de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollar esta afección dado que la descendencia y los hermanos implican un riesgo tres veces mayor que el de la población general. Este aumento del riesgo posee componentes genéticos y ambientales. Los últimos probablemente provengan de factores de riesgo compartidos, como el estilo de vida sedentario, la inactividad física y la obesidad.
ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA Y DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1
Authors: Ferraro Mabel
Published: August 2020

La joven nieta de Juana (21 años) es portadora de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), obesidad y enfermedad celíaca (EC). La EC se origina por la reacción inmune mediada por células T al gluten de la dieta y se caracteriza por la in amación del intestino delgado, atro a vellosa, hiperplasia de la cripta y malabsorción. La prevalencia de esta asociación es del 1% a nivel mundial, muy variable en los diferentes países y asciende del 4 al 10% si se asocia con DM1.
INTERPRETACIÓN DE DATOS EN EL MONITOREO CONTINUO DE GLUCOSA. RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA INDICACIÓN
Authors: Rovira Gabriela
Published: August 2020

El monitoreo glucémico es un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento del paciente con diabetes. Estudios epidemiológicos como el Diabetes Control and Complications Trial y el Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) demostraron que para mejorar el grado de control metabólico en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) mediante el tratamiento intensivo con cualquiera de las modalidades de insulinoterapia (MDI, múltiples dosis de insulina subcutánea; ISCI, infusión subcutánea continua de insulina) se requieren frecuentes medidas de glucemia capilar al día y emplear esta información para efectuar modi caciones en el tratamiento.
NUEVOS INFUSORES
Authors: Daín Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Acompañando la gran revolución tecnológica de los últimos años, los infusores de insulina no han sido la excepción. Desde sus orígenes, en poco más de 50 años, estos equipos, que cambiaron la vida de muchas personas con diabetes y su familia, experimentaron diferentes avances: mejores técnicas de cambio de reservorio y manejo de los set de infusión, calculadoras de bolo que incorporan funciones avanzadas o sistemas mecánicos con rapidez en la detección de oclusión, entre otros.
EVIDENCIA DISPONIBLE
Authors: Rubín Graciela
Published: August 2020

La tecnología de la diabetes es el término que se usa para describir el hardware, los dispositivos y el software que usan las personas con diabetes para controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre, evitar las com- plicaciones de la diabetes, reducir la carga de vivir con la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida. Dada su gran trascendencia y desarrollo, por primera vez este año la American Diabetes Association (ADA) incluye en su suplemento anual de “Estándares de atención médica en la diabetes” un capítulo destinado a la misma.
DIFICULTADES DIAGNÓSTICAS EN DIABETES PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Trifone Liliana
Published: August 2020

El diagnóstico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es totalmente diferente cuando se ha realizado en la comunidad, casi siempre porque su presentación con signos y síntomas de marcada hiperglucemia, versus aquellos en los que se hace diagnóstico como parte de un programa de detección en individuos no diabéticos de alto riesgo, ejemplo el Diabetes Prevention Trial 1 (DPT-1).
COSTO-EFECTIVIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO
Authors: Bragagnolo Julio
Published: August 2020

Los estudios disponibles de los costos de la atención de la diabetes con base poblacional amplia referencian, en general, a los países con mayor desarrollo económico. Existen datos confiables de los costos de la diabetes en los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) que fueron calculados por la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA) en los años 2002, 2007, 2012 y 2017. Como los métodos utilizados en estos análisis son similares, es posible realizar comparaciones con aceptable precisión.
Identifying Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery Using Relationship with Superior Parathyroid Gland and Tubercle of Zuckerkandl
Authors: Mozumder Somesh , Dubey Shirish , Dam Aniruddha , Bhowmick Anup Kumar
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) are particularly prone to injury during thyroid surgeries due to its intimate relationship and proximity with the gland. Zuckerkandl’s tubercle (ZT) helps in preserving RLN intra operative.

Material and Methods: A prospective study for identifying RLN in thyroid surgery using relationship with superior parathyroid gland and tubercle of Zuckerkandl was conducted on 50 thyroidectomy patients between August 2013 and February 2014.

Results: In all cases ZT was identified. Temporary paralysis of RLN was seen in 3 (6%) cases and permanent paralysis in 2 (4%) of cases.

Discussion: The site of greatest risk during thyroidectomy to the RLN is in the last 2-3 cm extralaryngeal course of the nerve. Relationship of recurrent laryngeal nerve with superior parathyroid gland and tubercle of Zukerkandl (ZT) is known.

Conclusion: Use of ZT and superior parathyroids as a landmark allows safe dissection of RLN.