bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response Of Natural Zpt Generation Of Green Bean Sprouting Extract And Plant Media On The Growth Of Lemon Orange ( Citrus Limon L.) Plant Cuttings
Authors: Zulia Cik , Lana Reni Gustianty
Published: February 2023

From March to May 2021, this study was carried out in the Asahan University research facility. This study's goal was to ascertain how administering natural ZPT green bean sprout extract and planting media affected the growth of lemon plant cuttings ( Citrus limon L.). It was a randomized block design that was used (RBD). The first of the two components in the factorial treatment design is the administration of ZPT natural green bean sprout extract (Z) at four levels: Z 0 = no immersion, Z 1 = one hour of immersion, Z 2 = two hours of immersion, and Z 3 = three hours of immersion. The second factor is how growing media (M) are treated, with M 0 being moss and topsoil and M 1 being cocopeat and topsoil, and M 2 being chaff charcoal and topsoil, at three different levels. The proportion of live cuttings (%), the number of days before shoots appeared (days), the shoot height (cm), the number of leaves (strands), and the length of the roots were the parameters measured (cm). Almost all of the observed parameters, with the exception of the age at which shoots developed from cuttings, did not respond significantly to the administration of natural PGR extract of mung bean sprouts, according to the data. While this was going on, the treatment of the planting medium had a very big impact on the parameters of root length and leaf count that had been measured. In the meantime, the treatment of the planting medium had a very substantial impact on the parameters of root length, number of leaves, and shoot height that were measured. The percentage of live cuttings and the age at which shoots first developed, however, did not appear to have any discernible effects. Citrus limon L. cutting growth was not significantly affected by the interaction between the response of administering natural PGR extract of green bean sprouts and planting media, according to all measured parameters.
Cooperative learning “three-steps-interview” to enhance students’ speaking skill from the perspective of students’ creativity
Authors: Novitasari Putri Novitasari
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research is to find out whether: (1) cooperative learning three-steps-interview is more effective than direct method for the 11th grade  students; (2) students having low creativity have better speaking skill than those having low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ creativity in teaching speaking skill for the 11th grade of SMAN 8 Kediri. This research was an experimental research conducted in SMA N 8 Kediri. The population was all the 11th grade of SMA N 8 Kediri. The researcher took the sample of the research by using cluster random sampling and devided the group into two. One became the experimental group taught using cooperative learning three-steps-interview and one another became the control group taught using direct method. The number of sample was arround of 60 students. The technique of the data collection was done by giving oral test for speaking skill and written test for verbal creativity test. After collecting the data of the research sample, further the data was analyzed using ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey formula to test the research hypothesis. The result of this research shows that: (1) cooperative learning three-steps-interview (TSI) is more effective than direct method (DM) to teach speaking skill for the 11th grade of SMA N 8 Kediri; (2) students having high creativity have better speaking skill than those having low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ creativity to teach speaking skill for the 11th grade of SMA N 8 Kediri. At last, it is recomended that: (1) teacher should apply cooperative learning three-steps-interview (TSI) to teach speaking skill; (2) the students should apply three-steps-interview to explore their speaking skill; and (3) other researchers should make such an improvement by trying to use this research topic with different subject of the research and different psychological point of view besides creativity which may have correlation with students’ speaking skill.
An Application of Semi-Fowler Positioning to Overcome Nursing Problems Ineffective Breath Patterns in Clients with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Case Study
Authors: Sari Dina Setia Indah , Nistiandani Ana , Siswoyo  , Umayanah
Published: February 2023

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or chronic kidney failure is a disease due to decreased kidney function that causes the body to fail to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance metabolism, resulting in urea retention and other nitrogen waste accumulation in the body. This research aims to analyze given this position to lower oxygen consumption and increase maximum lung expansion, the ineffectiveness of the client's breath pattern is more optimal in CKD patients in the Adenium Room of DR. Soebandi Jember Hospital. This type of research is descriptive using the case study approach method. The subject in this case study was one patient affected by CKD with the ineffectiveness of breath patterns. Semifowler position intervention is performed where the position of the head and body is raised by 45°. Result: The application of a semi-fowler position (45° sitting position) for 3x24 hours according to the standard of procedure helps reduce shortness of breath and helps optimize RR in the client so that the problem of ineffectiveness of breath patterns can be resolved. Interventions in regulating the angle of sleep position can meaningfully produce good respiration, so it can be considered one of the interventions to optimize the ineffectiveness of breath patterns.
ULOGA ORIJENTALNOG INSTITUTA U SARAJEVU U AFIRMIRANJU MUSLIMANSKE RELIGIOZNE KULTURE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Sestan Rijad
Published: February 2023

U radu Uloga Orijentalnog instituta u Sarajevu u afirmiranju muslimanske religiozne kulture u Bosni i Hercegovini predstavljen je ukratko nastanak orijentalizma, počeci bosanskohercegovačkog orijentalizma i njegova uloga u našem društvu. U radu se ističe posebnost bosanskohercegovačke orijentalistike u odnosu na druge institucije identične ili slične orijentacije u našem susjedstvu ili svijetu. Istaknute su značajne ličnosti koje su radile u Orijentalnom institutu i kroz svoj akademski angažman naučno obrađivale i promovisale rezultate svog istraživanja o bogatoj religijskoj i kulturno-historijskoj baštini Bosne i Hercegovine. Izdanja Orijentalnog instituta su posebno značajna jer su u njima smireni istraživački radovi vrijednih radnika Instituta, koji su veoma pozitivno predstavljali muslimansku religioznu kulturu u Bosni i Hercegovini. Biblioteka i njena raskošnost prije 17. maja 1992. godine, kada je Institut granatiran i biblioteka uništena, a o njenom sadržaju sada znamo samo preko kataloga, svjedočila je o bogatom i raznovrsnom kulturnom naslijeđu koje je u ovom radu samo djelimično spomento. U poglavlju koje govori o biblioteci spomenuto je samo nekoliko grupa manuskripata koji govore u prilog naslova rada.
Auditoría de la cultura organizacional: ¿Qué desafíos enfrentamos cuando coexiste una cultura formal y otra informal?
Authors: Clark Sharon R.
Published: February 2023

En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca de la posibilidad de realizar una auditoría a la cultura organizacional de una empresa, así como de un país; tomando en consideración aspectos inherentes a su desarrollo, que proponen reglas de convivencia “oficiales” y reglas que existen debajo de la superficie. Se plantea como tal, el desarrollo de una Auditoría a la Cultura Organizacional tomando como base áreas funcionales principalmente valores y políticas de ética y su aplicación, políticas y prácticas de recursos humanos, tono marcado por la alta gerencia y la interacción con los partícipes externos. Posteriormente se definen las evidencias reales de la cultura organizacional en la entidad auditada, tomando como base entrevistas, señales de alerta como incentivos y desincentivos, incumplimiento de códigos de conducta, elevada rotación de personal, problemas no resueltos, entre otros.Como conclusión se establece que los hallazgos de una auditoria a la cultura organizacional, pueden resultar más desafiantes que lo habitual, más aún cuando se llegan a conclusiones que muestran signos de una cultura problemática; lo cual es contraproducente en una auditoria en un sentido o en otro. Esto hace que los auditores puedan hacer más efectivos sus hallazgos al equilibrarlos, identificando mejores prácticas como modelos a seguir.
Influence of Profitability, RETA, Liquidity, Leverage, Company Size, and Corporate Governance on Financial Distress
Authors: Saputri Nuraisya Arya , Santoso Pramana Ridha
Published: February 2023

This study examines how financial distress is affected by profitability, liquidity, Leverage, retained earnings to total assets, firm size, and good corporate governance. This study focused on real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2014-2018. This study relies on secondary data. The sample for this study, which includes 17 firms, was chosen using purposeful sampling. Panel Data Analysis was used with the Eviews application to analyze the data. According to research, leverage and profitability positively and significantly affect financial distress. The liquidity ratio and retained earning to total assets(RETA) to has a positive but insignificant effect on financial distress. Meanwhile, the size of a company and good corporate governance have a negative and insignificant impact on financial distress. At the same time, all variables significantly impact financial distress.

 

Keywords: financial distress, profitability, liquidity, leverage, RETA, size, corporate governance
Desain Pembelajaran PAI Kontekstual Multikultural Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Berbasis ICT
Authors: Rofiah Siti
Published: February 2023

Multicultural education as a sub education has a strategic role in the formation of personal children as early as possible. Multicultural education in Islam in general can be understood as an effort to increase faith, understanding, appreciation and practice of children about Islam so that it becomes a pious Muslim personal and uphold morality in personal life, society, nation and state. The context of the society, nation and state indirectly require an educational format that the form-implementable method that is ready practiced in the school / madrasah. In this respect the development-based research needed to find a format that is ideal in the implementation of the concept of multicultural education in general. The method used in this research is the development (Research Development) 4-D model namely, the definition, the design, Development, and Dissemination. Becomes interesting when it is able to find a development study format multicultural education for children, so that education becomes optimal touch. Optimaly education  in the perspective of Islamic education is touching the two main elements of education are elements of the world and the akhirat elements. Urgency in finding implementable concepts that will require an accurate and in depth analysis. A multicultural perspective into urgent bid as an educational concept that can be implemented into guidelines and methods of education of children in the present era. The results of this study may indicate that PPKM models can stimulate and improve students' understanding of concepts as well as to foster a love of students towards subjects PAI. Learning implementation went smoothly, the response of students and teachers was also good.

Keywords: Multicultural education, the concept of education, children's education
Peran Kiai Dalam Mensukseskan Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning
Authors: Wahyono Imam
Published: February 2023

The existence of pesantren as a religious education institution is a reality that can not be denied. Throughout the history, the boarding school continues to pursue and improve its quality. Pesantren as an institution that accompanies Islamic da’wah in Indonesia has a pluralistic perception. And to realize the pluralistic perception, especially the purpose of pesantren in the field of religious intellectuals, pesantren as an educational institution can make it happen through the study of the classic book commonly. In its learning activities, pesantren and yellow book are two inseparable sides in Islamic education in Indonesia, even without the existence and teaching of the yellow book, an educational institution is not called pesantren. To keep pesantren as the center of Islamic studies, maintenance and yellow book remain the main characteristic. Of course, the role of kiai through his leadership charismatic is very influential and decisive, it is clear from the fact that there are some boarding schools that can not grow or extinct, because the figure of kiai as a leader in the boarding school can not play the role properly.
Keywords: Kiai, Leadership, Islamic Studies
Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Dalam Upaya Membentuk Karakter Religius Siswa
Authors: Achadah Alif
Published: February 2023

Abstrak
Perubahan atau pengembangan kurikulum merupakan sesuatu yang tidak bisa terelakkan dalam proses pengembangan pendidikan. Dimana pun pendidikan berada kurikulum harus selalu mengalami penyesuaian atau beradaptasi dengan perkembangan masyarakat. Begitu juga dengan kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia terus berkembang, dari Rentjana Pembeladjaran 1947 hingga kurikulum 2013 .Kurikulum 2013 yang berlaku saat ini lebih menekankan pada pendidikan karakter. Melalui kurikulum 2013 yang berbasis karakter dan kompetensi ini diharapkan mampu membawa bangsa ini menjadi bangsa yang bermartabat. Adapun fokus penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana perencanaan pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam pada implementasi kurikulum 2013, bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajarannya, serta bagaimana dampak dari implementasi kurikulum 2013 tersebut pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam sebagai upaya pembentukan karakter religius siswa. Sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan pembelajarannya, bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajarannya,serta bagaimana dampak dari implementasi kurikulum 2013 tersebut pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dalam pembentukan religiusitas siswa. Adapun jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian kali ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dalam prakteknya menggunakan metode observasi terlebih dahulu. Ketika peneliti sudah melakukan observasi maka tahab selanjutnya adalah interview, wawancara, dan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait yang dapat memberikan informasi dan data yang diperlukan.
Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kurikulum 2013, Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, Karakter Religius.
The Decline of the Function of Pancasila as the Moral of the Nation and the Basis of the State
Authors: Kamiliya Sauda , Selvianika Shinta
Published: February 2023

Applying Pancasila in life is essential as Pancasila is the foundation of the state and nation's morals. Pancasila values that are used will help to be responsible, so there is no need to blame others. Pancasila as Pancasila morality is an ideology for the Indonesian state. So Pancasila is the source of law and order and the spirit of all state and community life activities. Along with the development of the times, some Indonesian people have begun to forget the role of Pancasila as the moral of the Indonesian nation and state. Along with the development of the times, Indonesian society has begun to forget the role of Pancasila as the moral of the Indonesian nation and state. The first precept contains a moral value that everyone must acknowledge and glorify God Almighty. The second precept has a moral value that everyone must recognize and treat everyone the same. The third precept contains a moral value everyone must uphold in the motherland. The fourth precept is that everyone is obliged to participate in the political life and government of the country. And the last precept, namely the fifth precept, contains a moral message that everyone is obliged to be fair.
Ronald E. Osborn: Death Before the Fall: Biblical Literalism and the Problem of Animal Suffering
Authors: Sloane Andrew
Published: February 2023

Andrew Sloane reviews the book “Death Before the Fall: Biblical Literalism and the Problem of Animal Suffering” by Ronald E. Osborn. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2014; 197 pages. ISBN-13: 9780830840465.
Comparing between Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions Indexation: Case of 100 Most Cited Articles on Waqf
Authors: Amelia
Published: February 2023

Islam pays attention to the community’s welfare in a broad sense to be equal to other people, both in the economic, social, political, educational, and other fields. One of the instruments of Islamic teachings regarding this issue is waqf. Waqf is a source of funds that has potential in the economic development of the people. In addition to waqf, there are other sources of social funds such as zakat, infaq, and alms. Even waqf can be used as an endowment for the people that provides benefits for the welfare of society. This study aims to find out the development map and trend of waqf published by well-known journals in Islamic Economics and Finance. The data analyzed were 100 publications indexed in Scopus, Dimensions, and the Web of Science. The data is then processed and analyzed using the VoS viewer application to discover the bibliometric map of waqf’s research development. This study tries to compare between 3 index namely Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions, whether they provide consistent results or not.
Dual Monetary System
Authors: Riani Ririn
Published: February 2023

Islamic economy grows in Muslim-majority countries within the monetary system, although the monetary system dominates with central banks and paper money. As a result, the Islamic monetary system developed its regulations and transmission mechanisms. The central bank must implement policies of both conventional and Islamic banking systems. From an Islamic point of view, the monetary policy effectively extends overall macroeconomic conditions in countries with multiple financial systems. Bibliometric studies in research related to the development of Dual Monetary System trends published by leading journals from 1974 to 2021, indexed by Scopus. Analysis of keyword trends, authors, and institutions. The data analyzed were 77 research publications using descriptive statistical methods and bibliometric analysis. The results show that the number of articles discussing the theme of the Dual Monetary System has an increasing trend from year to year, in line with the development of the Islamic economy. The most popular keywords used are monetary policy, dual banking system, and credit channels. The most prolific writer is Majid M.S.A. Meanwhile, the country with the most famous authors in the United States. This research provides information for researchers who focus on research in the field of the Monetary System. In the end, this theme is likely to continue to be developed.
Tid, arkeologi och konst
Authors: Petersson Bodil , Wienberg Jes
Published: February 2023

Time, Archaeology and Art – the Pillar of Culture in Lund. The article is an investigation into how archaeologists and artists may relate to time departing from the so-called “Pillar of Culture” at The Cultural Museum in Lund. The pillar is a six meter high stratigraphical section from an excavation in Lund 1913. It was exhibited in 1932 in a context of artifacts from the actual excavation. The pillar was relocated to the Medieval Hall in 1959, where the section was supplemented with a series of pottery and a wooden sculpture by the artist Torsten Treutiger. The pillar was moved again later in time and became a part of the Metropolis exhibition that opened in 1999.

Stratigraphic thinking and methodological practice are followed from the 17th century to the present. An excavated section of a “kitchen midden” exhibited at the National Museum of Copenhagen is identified as a possible model. The pillar is analyzed as a visualization of the history of Lund based on different types of sources, which are combined – soil, artifacts, written documents and monuments. From the beginning the pillar was supposed to represent 10.000 years, later a period of only 658 years, the “long Danish Middle Ages”.
A formação do hábito de leitura
Authors: Martinelli Mikael Mansur
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho aborda uma problemática que vem sendo discutida e muito trabalhada pelos profissionais da educação, a formação do hábito de leitura dos indivíduos de uma sociedade. A leitura pode ser considerada como algo muito amplo, produz sentido à vivência de cada um, e é considerada como uma compreensão de mundo no qual o sujeito está inserido. O hábito de leitura contribui significativamente, na complexa tarefa da arte de ensinar. Incentivar crianças e adolescentes a ter hábitos de leitura é um dos desafios enfrentados hoje pela educação escolar e pelos pais. Enfatiza-se a importância dos pais no desenvolvimento do hábito de leitura de crianças e o papel do professor como mediador entre o aluno e a leitura. Dando tal importância a leitura acreditando na criação de um mundo melhor e mais humano baseado no conhecimento que a leitura oferece.
VALIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PLATFORM FOR MONITORING ERGONOMIC RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: SANCHEZ MARTIN DAVID , MONDRAGON ENGUIDANOS CATALINA , VERDU VAZQUEZ AMPARO , GIL LOPEZ TOMAS
Published: February 2023

The present research aims to validate and implement a mobile, unobtrusive and privacy-preserving platform for real-time ergonomic risk alert and training, enabling the design of workplace interventions tailored to the needs and fitness levels of a specific ageing workforce. For the implementation and validation of the system a BSN (Body Sensor Network) sensor suit has been developed, non-intrusive for the worker that continuously monitors wirelessly all the ergonomic parameters of the construction worker during his full working day and collects and analyses in real time the values captured by the sensors, giving both the worker and the medical or health service information about his condition and fitness during work making it possible to help and advise him for the improvement of his health both at work and in private life.

Index Terms Body Sensor Network - Ergonomics assessment - Older workers - Workplace adaptation - Construction worksite.
FAMILY RECONCILIATION AND THE USE OF TIME IN TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: RECALDE ESNOZ IRANTZU , FERRANDEZ VEGA DANIEL , DEL CASTILLO FERNÁNDEZ HÉCTOR , MORON FERNANDEZ CARLOS
Published: February 2023

The professional sector of technical architecture is one of the most male-dominated sectors in the world. The permanence of women in this sector is affected by various obstacles, including the difficulty of reconciling work and family life. The aim of this research is to find out the gender differences in the use of time of these professionals, with emphasis on the variation caused by having children. To this end, a web survey was carried out among 435 technical architecture professionals registered in Spain (50.1% women, 49.9% men). The results reveal that the most significant differences according to the sex of the participants are found in the average time spent on caring for third parties, with women spending three hours more than men on this task every day, highlighting the need for public policies to ensure equal treatment and opportunities between women and men in employment.
Keywords: Family reconciliation, Gender, Technical Architecture, Time.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS FAILURES IN BLISTERING IN GEL-COAT PROTECTED LAMINATES UTILIZED IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: CUARTERO SALAFRANCA JESUS , RANZ ANGULO DAVID , MALON LITAGO HUGO
Published: February 2023

Blisters occur when small quantities of water in form of vapour penetrate a laminate, usually within a marine environment. This reaction generates an internal pressure that causes degradation in Gel-Coating. Then, defects are made evident in the form of blisters. This study looks into the influence of this effect on different manufacturing process defects in gel-coat protected laminates utilized in marine environments
The perspectives of using Pelargonium sidoides hybrids
Authors: Nuzhyna N. V. , Batsmanova L. M. , Kosian A. M. , Maliarenko V. M. , Gaidarzhy M. M.
Published: February 2023

Aim. The Pelargonium sidoides DC. is a valuable medicinal plant, and its irrational use in nature may lead to the species receiving rare status in the future. Obtaining P. sidoides hybrids with a higher content of phenolic compounds will expand the range of plants used in the pharmaceutical industry and reduce the pressure on natural resources. The purpose was to improve methods of growing P. sidoides in greenhouse conditions, obtain hybrids of this species, and research them for the content of various phenolic compounds in vegetative organs. Methods. Light microscopy, spectrophotometry (determination of the total content of phenols and flavonoids, the content of phenolic antioxidants and phenolic acids). Results. The anatomical structure of the leaves and roots of the obtained hybrids did not differ significantly from those of the pure species. It has been found that growing P. sidoides and its hybrids in greenhouse conditions with high summer temperatures increase the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic substances in all vegetative organs. It is important to emphasize that high levels of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acid have been detected in the leaves, so it is advisable to use them as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry also. Conclusion. The cultivation methods of the studied plants have been improved. The use of hybrid plants for obtaining flavonoids is more effective for the pharmaceutical industry but less practical in getting other phenolic compounds compared to P. sidoides have been found.  The revealed difference in the localization and amount of secondary metabolites indicates the need for a detailed study of other substances of a phenolic nature in the leaves and roots of these pelargoniums.
La délinquance économique et financière en procès. Les magistrats et la gestion différentielle des illégalismes économiques et financiers
Authors: Bailly Baptiste
Published: February 2023

À partir d’entretiens avec quinze magistrats, de multiples observations d’audiences à Paris et à Lyon dans les juridictions économiques et ﬁnancières, cet article issu de mon mémoire de master 2 vise à montrer comment les réformes de la justice française (développement des alternatives à l’audience correctionnelle, introduction d’une rationalité managériale) donnent lieu à une gestion diﬀérentielle des illégalismes au sein de la justice pénale des aﬀaires. Celle-ci trouve son principe non plus dans une inégalité inscrite dans la loi, mais aussi, et surtout dans la pratique des magistrats spécialisés. La gestion diﬀérentielle des i l légalismes repose désormais sur une individualisation de la peine qui est le support de l’application d’un pouvoir disciplinaire pour les plus modestes, et le moyen d’une négociation des conditions de la sanction pour les classes dominantes. Cette gestion des illégalismes trouve sa source dans les pratiques des magistrats en matière de gestion et de négociation présentées comme des palliatifs aux lenteurs de la justice et à l’impunité des puissants. Si les illégalismes dominants entrent dans le giron de la justice pénale, les plus dotés se ménagent des espaces d’exception, qui leur permettent parfois même de tirer proﬁt de leurs contacts avec l’institution judiciaire.
La gestion par résultats au sein du tribunal administratif du travail
Authors: Bouchard Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Cet article porte sur les inﬂuences du nouveau management public sur le droit
administratif québécois, particulièrement sur la gestion du Tribunal Administratif
du Travail. Depuis les réformes administratives des années 2000, divers mécanismes
et outils de gestion relevant de l’approche du nouveau management public et de la
gestion par résultats ont été mis en place au sein de l’administration publique
québécoise. Il s’agit d’emprunter des sciences managériales, aﬁn de permettre aux
gestionnaires de prendre les décisions les plus eﬃcaces et performantes dans les
circonstances. Cet article met en lumière les inﬂuences de ce changement dans
l’organisation de l’administration publique québécoise, et ce, aﬁn de mieux en
comprendre les implications de celui-ci pour le droit administratif. Ces réﬂexions
permettront ainsi de mieux comprendre comment ces outils managériaux interagissent
avec le droit administratif, à savoir si le droit administratif a été acculturé par
le management.
Statut corporatif et responsabilité personnelle dans la liquidation des dettes de la Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France
Authors: Dewar Helen
Published: February 2023

L’historiographie de la Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France (CNF) traite surtout de son rôle dans la colonisation de l’Amérique du Nord-Est. En étudiant sa forme, cet article resitue la compagnie dans l’histoire plus large des expérimentations européennes avec la société par actions. La liquidation des dettes de la Compagnie dans les années 1630 et 1640 contraint les associés, les directeurs et les juristes à expliciter leur vision de la responsabilité financière au sein de l’entreprise. Après avoir pesé les arguments juridiques et moraux des parties en cause, l’article soutient que la complexité entourant la question de la responsabilité des associés et des directeurs résulte de l’enchevêtrement des univers corporatif, monarchique et commercial.
An Exploratory Study of Community Mobility in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis Across Different Ambulation Levels
Authors: Giroux Carley , Sogoloff Barbara , Bergmans Lance , Bae Myeongjin , Vannostrand Michael , Kasser Susan L.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in community mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) at various ambulation levels.

METHODS

Seventy-one adults with MS completed a survey about their mobility impairment and avoidance of challenging mobility tasks. Individuals were categorized as having mild, moderate, or severe gait impairment.

RESULTS

Participants across the different functional groups significantly differed in perceived ambulation disability, fatigue impact, falls efficacy, quality of life, challenges with dual-tasking, and self-efficacy for community mobility. There were no significant differences between the mild and moderate gait impairment groups in crossing a busy street or going out in different ambient conditions. Significant differences were found between those with mild impairment and those with severe impairment in avoidance of various terrain elements, heavy manual doors, postural transitions, attentional situations, and crowded places. The only environmental dimension that significantly differed across all 3 groups was carrying 2 or more items, in which avoidance increased as ambulation worsened.

CONCLUSIONS

Avoidance behavior for particular environmental features can begin relatively early in the disease process. This underscores the need to further study mobility differences, community ambulation, and participation restrictions in adults with MS.
Report of the bailiff of the XII Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in BeijingN.I. Lyubimov on interaction with Chinese officials (first half of the 19th century)
Authors: Malygina Ol'ga Anatol'evna , Akhmadulina Svetlana Zinnatovna
Published: February 2023

The Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China for two centuries served as an outpost of Orthodoxy and a foreign policy landmark of the Russian state in China, our task is to analyze the report of the bailiff of the XII Russian Spiritual Mission N.I. Lyubimov. For 30 years of work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs N.I. Lyubimov collected in his collection a weighty layer of official documents, personal and business correspondence, memories that he took when leaving Russia. After his death, the documents were found and today they are stored in the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg. On the basis of a detailed reference to historical documents, the features of the relationship between Russia and China in the second half of the 19th century are analyzed. A huge role in this was played by the personality of N.I. Lyubimov, who was directly involved in compiling reports on important events and actors in Chinese politics, I analyze the possibility of using them in matters of diplomacy, it is also noteworthy that the bailiff gives valuable advice on saving state funds abroad. The authors come to the conclusion that the Russian Spiritual Mission in China, in general, and its representatives, in particular, were a link between the two countries, a source of reliable information about the internal political life of the Qing Empire, about its language, traditions, history, culture and way of life. Representatives of this mission for a long time acted as an unofficial diplomatic representation of Russia in China
Research advances in simple and compact optical imaging techniques
Authors: Liu You-Hai , Qin Tian-Xiang , Wang Ying-Ce , Kang Xing-Wang , Liu Jun , Wu Jia-Chen , Cao Liang-Cai ,   Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: February 2023

Computational imaging enables optical imaging systems to acquire more information with miniaturized setups. Computational imaging can avoid the object-image conjugate limitation of the imaging system, and introduce encoding and decoding processes based on physical optics to achieve more efficient information transmission. It can simultaneously increase the amount of information and reduce the complexity of the system, thereby paving the way for miniaturizing imaging systems. Based on computational imaging, the simple and compact optical imaging techniques are developed, which is also called simple optics. To develop miniaturized optical imaging elements and integrated systems, simple optics utilizes the joint design of optical system and image processing algorithms, thereby realizing high-quality imaging that is comparable to complex optical systems. The imaging systems are of small-size, low-weight, and low-power consumption. With the development of micro-nano manufacturing, the optical elements have evolved from a single lens or a few lenses, to flat/planar optical elements, such as diffractive optical elements and metasurface optical elements. As a result, various lensless and metalens imaging systems have emerged. Owing to the introduction of encoding process and decoding process, an optical imaging model is developed to represent the relationship between the target object and the acquired signal, from which the computational reconstruction is used to restore the image. In the image restoration part, the algorithms are discussed in three categories, i.e. the classic algorithm, the model-based optimization iterative algorithm, and the deep learning (neural network) algorithm. Besides, the end-to-end optimization is highlighted because it introduces a new frame to minimize the complexity of optical system. In this review, the imaging techniques realized by simple optics are also discussed, such as depth imaging, high-resolution and super-resolution imaging, large field of view imaging, and extended depth of field imaging, as well as their important roles in developing consumer electronics, unmanned driving, machine vision, security monitoring, biomedical devices and metaverse. Last but not least, the challenges and future developments are prospected.
The Sounds of the Cosmos
Authors: Díaz Mario , González Gabriela , Pullin Jorge
Published: February 2023

The remarkable story of how humankind discovered gravitational waves, chronicled with unparalleled historical and scientific vision.

In 2016, the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations made headlines when they announced the detection of gravitational waves—a century after Albert Einstein first predicted their existence with his general theory of relativity. With unprecedented perspective as physicists at the forefront of this discovery, Mario Díaz, Gabriela González, and Jorge Pullin provide a comprehensive and accessible account of the quest to find gravitational waves, their controversial history, and the efforts that culminated with their detection and a Nobel Prize in Physics.

The Sounds of the Cosmos vividly narrates contributions from the ancient Greeks through Einstein, in addition to the breakthroughs of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including the discovery of the Hulse–Taylor binary star system (the first of its kind ever observed) and the technology behind gravitational wave detectors. The authors' fusion of meticulous research and accessible prose makes this book an indispensable resource for the scientifically curious, lending astonishing new context to the revelation that we can “hear” the cosmos through gravitational waves. Written with exceptional historical and conceptual insight, this is a definitive and dazzling journey through “the eternal quest of humankind to understand the universe.”
Ghost Particle
Authors: Chodos Alan , Riordon James
Published: February 2023

The fascinating story of science in pursuit of the ghostly, ubiquitous subatomic particle—the neutrino.

Isaac Asimov is said to have observed of the neutrino: “The only reason scientists suggested its existence was their need to make calculations come out even. And yet the nothing-particle was not a nothing at all.” In fact, as one of the most enigmatic and most populous particles in the universe—about 100 trillion are flying through you every second—the neutrino may hold the clues to some of our deepest cosmic mysteries. In Ghost Particle, Alan Chodos and James Riordon recount the dramatic history of the neutrino—from the initial suggestion that the particle was merely a desperate solution to a puzzle that threatened to undermine the burgeoning field of particle physics to its modern role in illuminating the universe via neutrino telescopes.

Alan Chodos and James Riordon are deft and engaging guides as they conduct readers through the experiences of intrepid scientists and the challenges they faced, and continue to face, in their search for the ghostly neutrino. Along the way, the authors provide expert insight into the significance of neutrino research from the particle's first, momentous discovery to recent, revolutionary advances in neutrino detection and astronomy. Chodos and Riordon describe how neutrinos may soon provide clues to some of the biggest questions we encounter today, including how to understand the dark matter that makes up most of the universe—and why anything exists in the universe at all.
Postsensual Aesthetics
Authors: Voorhies James
Published: February 2023

Contemporary art exhibitions appeal to cognition as well as the senses, modeling a new and expansive understanding of global aesthetics.

In this original work of aesthetic theory, James Voorhies argues that we live in the shadow of old ways of thinking about art that emphasize the immediate visual experience of an autonomous art object. But theory must change as artistic and curatorial production has changed. It should encompass the full range of activities through which we encounter art and exhibitions, in which reading and thinking are central to the aesthetic experience. Voorhies advances the theoretical framework of a “postsensual aesthetics,” which does not mean we are beyond a sensual engagement with objects, but rather embraces the cognitive connections with ideas that unite art and knowledge production. Cognitive engagements with art often begin with publications conceived as integral to exhibitions, conveying the knowledge and research artists and curators produce, and continuing in time and space beyond traditional curatorial frames. The idea, and not just visual immediacy, is now art's defining moment.

Voorhies reframes aesthetic criteria to account for the liminal, cognitive spaces inside and outside of the exhibition. Surveying a wide range of artists, curators, exhibitions, and related publications, he repositions the aesthetic theory of Theodor Adorno, and draws inspiration from Rosalind Krauss and Fredric Jameson, to describe a contemporary “logic of the curatorial.” He demonstrates how, even as we increasingly expect to learn from contemporary art, we must avoid an instrumentalist and reductive view of art as a mere source of information. As Voorhies shows through an analysis of two major global exhibitions, dOCUMENTA (13) (artistic director Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev) and Documenta11 (artistic director Okwui Enwezor), and of Ute Meta Bauer's curatorial work at the Centre for Contemporary Art Singapore, it is imperative for artistic research to retain its unique role in the production of knowledge.
An oligogenic architecture underlying ecological and reproductive divergence in sympatric populations
Authors: Briševac Dušica , Peralta Carolina M , Kaiser Tobias S
Published: February 2023

The evolutionary trajectories and genetic architectures underlying ecological divergence with gene flow are poorly understood. Sympatric timing types of the intertidal insect Clunio marinus (Diptera) from Roscoff (France) differ in lunar reproductive timing. One type reproduces at full moon, the other at new moon, controlled by a circalunar clock of yet unknown molecular nature. Lunar reproductive timing is a magic trait for a sympatric speciation process, as it is both ecologically relevant and entails assortative mating. Here, we show that the difference in reproductive timing is controlled by at least four quantitative trait loci (QTL) on three different chromosomes. They are partly associated with complex inversions, but differentiation of the inversion haplotypes cannot explain the different phenotypes. The most differentiated locus in the entire genome, with QTL support, is the period locus, implying that this gene could not only be involved in circadian timing but also in lunar timing. Our data indicate that magic traits can be based on an oligogenic architecture and can be maintained by selection on several unlinked loci.
Competitive interactions between culturable bacteria are highly non-additive
Authors: Baichman-Kass Amichai , Song Tingting , Friedman Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Microorganisms are found in diverse communities whose structure and function are determined by interspecific interactions. Just as single species seldom exist in isolation, communities as a whole are also constantly challenged and affected by external species. Though much work has been done on characterizing how individual species affect each other through pairwise interactions, the joint effects of multiple species on a single (focal) species remain underexplored. As such, it is still unclear how single-species effects combine to a community-level effect on a species of interest. To explore this relationship, we assayed thousands of communities of two, three, and four bacterial species, measuring the effect of single, pairs of, and trios of 61 affecting species on six different focal species. We found that when multiple species each have a negative effect on a focal species, their joint effect is typically not given by the sum of the effects of individual affecting species. Rather, they are dominated by the strongest individual-species effect. Therefore, while joint effects of multiple species are often non-additive, they can still be derived from the effects of individual species, making it plausible to map complex interaction networks based on pairwise measurements. This finding is important for understanding the fate of species introduced into an occupied environment and is relevant for applications in medicine and agriculture, such as probiotics and biocontrol agents, as well as for ecological questions surrounding migrating and invasive species.
Polar Front Process Cruise 2022
Authors: Baumann Till Martin , Fer Ilker , Koenig Zoé , Randelhoff Achim , Rieke Ole , Hana Idunn , Årvik Anne
Published: February 2023

The cruise KB2022625 (28. September 2022, Tromsø to 13. October 2022, Tromsø) aboard the Research Vessel Kristine Bonnevie is a Polar Front process studies cruise of the Nansen LEGACY project.
The study region covered the steep topographic slope southeast of Bjørnøya and the Polar Front region between Hopen and Storebanken, all-in-all spreading 73.5°- 78°N and 19.5°-34.5°E. The objectives are to study frontal mixing processes using microstructure profilers, to deploy and recover a short-term mooring at the Polar Front and to deploy and recover an underwater glider equipped with turbulence sensors. The overarching goal is to collect data allowing for the analysis of physical processes at the Polar Front on sub-tidal to synoptic timescales. Combined with data from previous cruises, the timescales of investigation may be expanded to seasonal and inter-annual periods.
During the cruise, we collected measurements of ocean stratification, currents, and microstructure from the vessel as well as from transects using an ocean glider. From the vessel we obtained 267 microstructure profiles down to 0-20 m above seabed, 62 CTD/LADCP profiles down to 5 m above seabed (all with salinity calibration samples taken at the deepest point), and 14 days of underway current profiles. From the glider we obtained 207 profiles (7 days) including using microstructure sensors in the Polar Front region between Hopen and Storebanken.
Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Quality of Summer Green Gram
Authors: Neha Behara , Dawson Joy
Published: February 2023

A field trail was maintained at crop research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj for Zaid season 2022. The exploratory plot’s soil had a sandy loam texture, a (pH 7.1) that was natural, a low in organic carbon (0.28 %), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (213.7 kg/ha). The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur Levels S1 (20 Kg/ha), S2 (30 Kg/ha), S3 (40 Kg/ha) and 3 levels of zinc (Zn1-5 kg/ha), (Zn2- 7.5kg/ha) and (Zn3-10 kg/ha).  The outcome reported that the  of Sulphur 40 Kg/ha + Zn 10 Kg/ha recorded maximum (Treatment-9) Plant height (63.33 cm), Number of Nodules per plant (28.00), plant dry weight (12.78 g/plant), number of pods per plant (39.61), number of seeds per pod (12.66), test weight (32.3 g), seed yield (0.868 t/ha), straw yield (2.287 t/ha) and harvest index was only found to be non-significant. Maximum Gross returns (77182.00 INR/ha), Net returns (53550.00 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.2) was recorded with the treatment (T9) with the application of Sulphur 40 Kg/ha + Zinc 10 Kg/ha.
Effect of Spacing and Potassium Levels on Yield and Economics of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Yadav B. Bharath , Singh Rajesh
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of spacing and potassium levels on foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) var.during the (Zaid) 2022 with 9 treatments (viz. spacing at 25 x 10 cm, 30 x 10 cm, 35 x 10 cm respectively and K at 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha respectively). The soil experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available N (225kg/ha), available P (19.50kg/ha) and K (92kg/ha) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). Spacing of 30×10cm + 30 kg/ha Potassium recorded highest grain yield (2.11 t/ha), stover yield (3.95 t/ha), higher net return (84,587.00 INR/ha), gross return (57,552.00INR/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.13).