bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of optimal power and energy saturation of an agricultural tractor
Authors: Samsonov V. A , Lachuga Yu. F
Published: April 2022

Calculation of the optimum power, operating weight and energy saturation of the agricultural tractor at which the minimum fuel consumption and optimum performance are achieved is an actual task of the tractor theory. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal power, operating weight and energy saturation of the agricultural tractor at the minimum specific energy consumption - the ratio of energy costs when processing a unit of area to the achieved productivity. Objects of research: combined arable units with wheeled and caterpillar tractors of general purpose. Initial material: nominal traction forces accepted for different traction classes; coefficients that characterize the traction-coupling properties of the tractor; the tractor's power balance equation; skidding function; computer program to minimize the function by the dichotomy method; dependences for dimensionless coefficients that take into account the increase in the specific traction resistance of the unit with an increase in operating speed. The main research method is the calculation using nonlinear programming when the energy saturation is changed by the dichotomy method. When loading with nominal tractive effort, the nominal power of a general-purpose tractor and its maximum energy saturation are determined by the specific energy costs corresponding to the operation of the arable unit with permissible operating speed and slippage. The minimum energy saturation of the tractor is determined by the ratio of the minimum operating power to the maximum operating weight of the tractor corresponding to the maximum traction efficiency. The main conclusions: the specific energy consumption of the tractor on the process operation depends on its type and the dimensionless coefficient, taking into account the increase in the specific traction resistance of the unit with increasing speed and changing in the parabola; the nominal power of the wheeled tractor is in the interval, the lower limit of which determines the minimum specific energy consumption at the maximum traction efficiency, the upper one - the specific energy consumption at the maximum permissible speed and permissible slippage; the rated power of the crawler tractor is determined by the specific energy consumption at the maximum permissible speed and permissible slippage.
Dy-namics of the movement of the elastically fixed working body of the cultivator machine-tractor aggregates
Authors: Gapich D. S , Fomin S. D , Shiryaeva E. V
Published: April 2022

Tillage machines that have in their design elastic links in the fastening -f w-rking organs, under certain conditions, can generate active undamped -scillati-ns -f w-rking b-dies due t- the peculiarity -f the cutting pr-cess -f the s-il layer, which all-ws t- reduce the -verall level -f f-rce l-ading and the dynamism -f the functi-ning -f the entire system. At the same time, the questi-n -f the effect -f vibrati-ns -f the w-rking -rgan -n the agr-technical indices -f the -perati-n -f machine-tract-r aggregates, in particular -n the deviati-n -f the pr-cessing depth fr-m the mean value, bec-mes t-pical. The mathematical m-del describing dynamics -f m-vement -f the elastically fixed w-rking b-dy -f the cultivat-r machine-tract-r aggregates, taking int- acc-unt the f-rce, elastic and dissipative characteristics -f the links -f the system is c-nsidered in the article. Dissipative pr-perties -f s-il in the w-rk are characterized by the c-efficient -f attenuati-n -f the s-il envir-nment. The rigidity -f the elastic element in the attachment -f the w-rking member was determined fr-m the c-nditi-n that the frequency -f the natural -scillati-ns -f the system and the frequency -f the disturbing f-rce be equal, which c-rresp-nds t- a res-nant m-de -f -perati-n. Calculati-n -f this mathematical m-del all-wed t- determine the r--t-mean-square deviati-n -f the treatment depth and c-mpare its value with the value -f the devel-ped techn-l-gical t-lerance f-r the change in the rigidity -f the elastic element in the fastening -f the w-rking member, as a result -f which the f-ll-wing c-nclusi-ns were made: the use -f the self--scillati-n m-de -f the w-rking -rgans can significantly influence -n the stability -f the w-rking b-dy in the vertical plane, especially this affects the s-ils with weak dissipative pr-perties, It can be assumed that significant amplitude -scillati-ns -f the w-rking element in the h-riz-ntal plane can lead t- an increased abrasi-n -f the s-il backgr-und by the w-rking -rgan and, as a c-nsequence, t- an increase in the number -f er-ding particles in the s-il and the devel-pment -f wind er-si-n.
Ballasting of tractors
Authors: Kut'kov G. M , Gribov I. V , Perevozchikova N. V
Published: April 2022

Recently, the ballasting of tractors has become widespread. Ballast is necessary to compensate for the decrease in the material consumption and excessive increase in the energy saturation of modern tractors, which arose due to the evolutionary development of their technical level. By using ballast, an artificial in-crease in weight and a decrease in the energy saturation of a new generation tractor are achieved to the level of its reference value inherent to cargo tractor. The article analyzes the application of ballast in the volume of the entire standard-sized row of tractors, the world's leading tractor-building companies. The evaluation of the main parameters of the tractor and the level of its ballasting is carried out using the con-cept of the reference energy saturation of the tractor and its specific value. The analysis showed that bal-last application is disorderly, chaotic. This is explained, on the one hand, by a large spread of energy satu-ration of tractors, on the other hand, by the lack of a unified approach to the goal of ballasting and the choice of ballast weight. Currently in the technical literature there are no generally accepted recommendations on these issues. In these conditions, the abundance in the market of varied offers makes it difficult to make the right choice when different ballast is offered to different models of tractors, identical or close to each other in terms of basic parameters. The chaotic nature of ballasting can adversely affect the economic exploitation of the potential opportunities inherent in the construction of a new generation tractor. There is an urgent need to carry out developments in the theory of engineering and the theory of technological operation of the tractor. Based on the results of the studies performed, the following recommendation is proposed. When choosing a tractor as an object of purchase, it is advisable to follow the rules: tractor with full ballast should have a reference energy saturation of 1,5 ... 1,6 kW / kN; The weight of the ballast must be equal to 25, 50 and 75 kN, so that when using it, an increase in tractive power of the tractor by 10, 20 or 30 kN, respectively (depending on the tractor traction class) is obtained. This recommendation is also valid for a set of ballast weights and tractor parameters at the stage of its creation.
The choice of universal measuring instruments for monitoring the cylinder liners of the engine during selective assembly
Authors: Leonov O. A , Antonova U. Yu
Published: April 2022

The issues of ensuring the quality of single and small-scale machine-building production, including machine repairs, are currently relevant due to a number of objective and subjective factors that are related to the culture of designing and manufacturing machines. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the measurement error on the formation of the scattering of the cylinder liner sizes of the YaMZ engine during selective assembly, taking into account the number of incorrectly received and incorrectly rejected parts, as well as determining the probabilistic value of the output of the measured parameter for each tolerance limit for incorrectly accepted products. The choice of measuring instruments to ensure the necessary accuracy is a complex task and should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8.051-81 and RD 50-98-86. To analyze the formation of the size distribution in the process of selective assembly of the cylinder liners of YaMZ engines, the indicator gauges were selected with a value of 0,001 mm, the first was adjusted for the end measures of class 1 (error of 6.5 micrometers), and the second was tuned to the mounting rings ). An analysis of the data obtained on the scattering of dimensions indicates that the process of processing the liner can be considered unsatisfactory, since there is a correctable defective products of 4 % and an unrecoverable defective products of 2 %, the scattering zone is shifted toward corrected defective products, which characterizes the good qualifications of the workers performing this operation. When using a caliper with an accuracy of 6,5 micrometers number incorrectly, or out-of band defective parts on more than 4,95 %, and the number of incorrectly received parts of 4,7 % more than when using a caliper with an accuracy of 4 micrometers. Thus, when choosing a measuring instrument to control the quality of the cylinder liners of YaMZ engines under the conditions of a single, small-scale and repair production, the most precise one should be used from the proposed nomenclature of universal measuring instruments of linear dimensions, with a sampling unit 0,001 mm in value for setting rings. This will lead to a significant decrease in the number of incorrectly accepted groups and incorrectly left from the group or rejected parts, which in turn will affect not only the quality of the subsequent assembly of the connection, but also the economy of the enterprise.
Analysis and development of the heat exchanger for the exhaust gas recirculation system of the transport diesel engine
Authors: Zaripov R. E.H , Nikishin V. N , Kulikov A. S
Published: April 2022

Nowadays one of the most urgent problems of creating modern combustion engines (ICE) is the problem of ecology. Ensuring environmental requirements is usually associated with the introduction of new structural elements or the modernization of existing structures, since practice shows that the use of traditional methods to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, leads to a gradual deterioration in the fuel economy of the engine. This article discusses the use and development of an exhaust gas recirculation system for a transport diesel as the most effective means of reducing NOx emissions into the environment. On the example of expert data, the experience of using exhaust gas recirculation systems in diesel engines is considered, and their main advantages and disadvantages are given. The use of «cooled» exhaust gas recirculation is more preferable than «uncooled», since the filling of the cylinders with an air charge improves, and lower gas temperatures during the combustion period are provided, thereby reducing the amount of NOx generators. It is also noted in the work that when a cooled exhaust gas recirculation system is used in conjunction with optimization of engine design and adjustment parameters, NOx emissions are reduced with minimal deterioration of the engine's power and economic parameters. On the example of research and simulations on the testbench of the transport engine 8ChN 12/13, the efficiency of the exhaust gas recirculation system on diesel has been estimated and all the necessary data was provided. Due to the optimization of the adjusting parameters and the developed model of the exhaust gas recirculation system, it was possible to achieve 46 % reduction in NOx emissions. It has been shown experimentally that the use in a diesel engine of a theoretically developed organization of working processes with the use of recirculation of exhaust gases and the characteristics of controlling the main adjustments of the combustion process is advisable.
Comparative analysis of microvave frequency devices for grain disinfection
Authors: Pakhomov A. I
Published: April 2022

To date, the main method of combating the contamination of grain and seeds in agriculture is chemical etching. Its essence lies in applying to the surface of seeds chemically active substances that destroy the parasitic microflora. However, the chemical method of sterilization is not without serious shortcomings. It is known that the most effective disinfectants - systemic fungicides - are poisonous, including for humans. The use of such substances in addition to toxicological effects contributes to the development of resistance of parasitic microorganisms, their mutations in the direction of extremely dangerous and resistant species. To avoid this, alternative methods and equipment are needed. Electrophysical effects, in particular, microwave frequency energy. At the same time, the mechanism for suppressing the parasitic microflora is fundamentally different and consists in the influence of biological organisms on the internal natural environment of biological organisms. In this environment, all the cellular processes of living organisms occur, therefore, changing its parameters, accompanied by the formation of active ions, is critical for the vital activity of parasitic microorganisms. For the ionization process to produce a significant effect, certain characteristics of microwave radiation are needed: power, duration, uniformity of supply to the material, which depends on the equipment used. The article formulates the basic requirements for decontaminating microwave equipment that can be effectively used in agriculture. The most important parameters of existing microwave devices are considered. For comparative evaluation, an almost convenient criterion is proposed - the decontamination efficiency factor, which takes into account the most important characteristics of the equipment in question in one digit. The calculation of the newly introduced coefficient for a number of microwave devices has been performed and its graphical interpretation is given. It is shown that the innovative installation SIGMA-1, developed at the Agrarian Science Center Donskoy, surpasses the analogues in terms of the decontamination efficiency factor of 1,5...3 times. Its advantages also include the possibility of further improvement by increasing the number of waveguide sections, which multiplies the productivity.
Methods and devices for processing the stemstock of cereal crops harvested using combine stripper harvester technology
Authors: Bur'yanov A. I , Bur'yanov M. A , Chervyakov I. V
Published: April 2022

The purpose of research is the development of methods and devices for the treatment of dense crop when harvesting grain crops with combines. Methods for utilization of dense crop are chopping with rotary shredders after threshing, cutting of recycled stalks into fragments during thrashing with tow, cutting of stripped stalks by a cleaning unit with its simultaneous laying in a roll. The development of methods was carried out taking into account the requirements for tillage carried out after the harvest of cereal crops on the fields, which should be prepared for the cultivation of subsequent crops according to the traditional, minimal and zero technology. For shredding the combed stems of cereal crops, a device has been developed that is mounted on the header and the inclined chamber of the combine, cutting the stems into parts of 140-170 mm and putting them into spreading. On the basis of mounted on the combine and trailed roller headers, equipped with an integrating conveyor, rotary feeder and chopper, schemes of a trailed harvesting unit are developed. These schemes provide the grinding and distribution of the material across the header's width. The possibility of collecting and loading the crushed material into the vehicle is considered. For harvesting straw for various needs from dense crop, a unit was proposed for harvesting grain crops with a nozzle with simultaneous cutting and gathering of the stems in a swath. Behind the cutting header, the cutting apparatus is hung, and on the left and right, side rakes are attached to the header and combine harvester, which feed the cut mass into the inter-track space of the combine. Cut stalks in the left and right front wheel tracks of the combine are retracted to the sides by special guiding devices. The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions.
The choice of a rational ballasting scheme and the angle of application of the traction force for a caterpillar tractor
Authors: Gorodetskiy K. I , Sharipov V. M , Alendeev E. M , Lavlinskiy A. M
Published: April 2022

A feature of the layout of modern tracked tractors is that the center of mass of the tractor is usually located with a forward shift from the center of the caterpillar support surface. Such a layout solution, in combination with the use of ballast weights placed most often in front of the tractor, makes it possible to provide its required traction and coupling properties when assembling with guns. However, since the tractor operates with a wide range of loads, when changing the gun with high traction resistance, for example, to a low-resistance trailer, it becomes necessary to adjust the weight of the ballast. In practice, this adjustment is often not carried out, i.e. Once installed, the front ballast is used throughout the operating life of the machine, worsening its fuel economy and not providing optimum traction and coupling properties. In this regard, the important task is to find solutions that would eliminate the need to adjust the mass of the ballast depending on the hook load. For this purpose, the article deals with the scheme of ballasting of a caterpillar tractor with the application of traction force at a positive angle. Also, for the Challenger MT865B tractor, with a number of assumptions about its geometric parameters, the calculated dependence of the ballasting coefficient on the coupling weight and the thrust angle was constructed. Dependence analysis allowed to come to the conclusion that it is possible to ensure the coincidence of the pressure center with the middle of the tractor's support surface over the entire range of its loads, with constant values of the ballasting factor and the angle of application of the traction force. To calculate the optimal values of these parameters, the paper presents the corresponding formulas.
Optimization of the reinforcing layer of the compressor wheel from the composite material of the diesel turbocharger
Authors: Netrusov A. N , Fomin V. M
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to search for the optimal configuration of the variable parameters of the reinforcing layer of a compressor wheel made of a composite material. The composite material considered in this paper is a carbon matrix filled with carbon fiber. Variable parameters were the fiber fraction in the composite, the total thickness of the reinforcing layer, and the fiber fraction in the composite oriented in the circumferential direction of the disk. The objective function in this study is the safety factor of the wheel. The parameters were optimized by the Gauss-Seidel method. At each optimization step, the problem of the theory of thermoelasticity of anisotropic media was solved by the finite element method. In the course of the study it was found that the maximum safety factor of the wheel 1,15 is achieved with the maximum fiber fraction in the composite, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 1,4 mm and the fiber fraction 0,581 oriented in the circumferential direction. The deformations of the wheel with the above parameters remain at an acceptable level. According to the results of calculations it is established that it is possible to increase the level of manufacturability of the impeller production due to the transition to the reinforcement of the disk only in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the reduction of the general safety factor will be less than 6 %. Proceeding from the results obtained during the optimization process, it follows that in the future the optimization problem for the component base considered in the work can be carried out only with respect to the fiber fraction oriented in the circumferential direction. In the final part of the work, an analysis of the mass-inertial characteristics of a composite wheel with a wheel produced using traditional technology was made. The mass and moment of inertia of the rotor in the case of a wheel from composite material will be reduced by 11 % and 18 %, respectively.
The methodology for determining of the energy costs for the probabilistic nature of the load of a machine-tractor unit
Authors: Dzhabborov N. I , SHkrabak V. S
Published: April 2022

The random nature of the load is the main cause of deterioration of energy parameters and technical and economic indicators of machine-tractor units (MTU). Oscillations of the load lead to an increase in energy costs for technological processes. Direct fuel and energy costs should be determined and predicted with a high degree of reliability, taking into account the specifics of the work of the MTU and the dynamics of its performance of technological processes. The identification and optimization of energy costs of the MTU will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the technological processes and technologies of cultivation in crop production. The subject of the study is the development of mathematical models for determining and optimizing the direct energy costs of MTU equipped with advanced gas turbine engine (GTE) engines. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for determining the direct fuel and energy costs of MTU, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the load. The novelty of the research consists in the developed mathematical models and calculation algorithm, as well as optimization of the direct fuel and energy costs of MTU with GTE. The proposed methodology is developed on the basis of a systematic approach, generalization, and analysis of experimental data, mathematical modeling of processes. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory facilities and in the field using modern measuring instruments and recording experimental data. The proposed methodology allows, with a probability of 0,90-0,95, to predict the optimal values of the direct fuel and energy costs of the MTU with GTE. As an example, the article gives examples of calculation and optimization of direct fuel and energy costs of plowing unit consisting of a Kirovets tractor with a GTD-350T gas turbine engine and a PNI-8/9-40 plow at various levels of turbocharger speed. It is established that at the 100 % level of the turbo compressor speed and the variation of the load variation coefficient from 0 to 0,333, the optimal values of the direct fuel and energy costs of the plowing unit increase from 543,0 to 723,12 MJ/ha. The same trend of increasing the direct fuel and energy costs of MTU is also observed in other levels of implementation of the turbo GTE turbocharger speed. It should be noted that with a decrease in the level of implementation of the turbocharger GTE's speed, direct fuel, and energy costs are increasing. The proposed methodology allows to determine and optimize the values of direct fuel and energy costs of MTU with GTE taking into account the probabilistic nature of the load under the specific conditions of their operation.
Some results of experimental modeling cylinder and piston group oil supplay conditions of the low-sized four-cycle diesel engine
Authors: Putintsev S. V , Biktashev A. F , Pilatskaya S. S
Published: April 2022

Experimental results on direct visualization of cylinder and piston group (CPG) interacting surfaces oil supply in a high-speed four-cycle engine are presented and discussed in the article. The relevance of this work is connected with an insufficient examination of lubrication processes, in particular, deficiency of experimental data concerning to four-cycle engine with traditional crank-and-rod mechanism (CRM) CPG oil supply. The purpose of the research was experimental supervision of processes of oil delivery to interacting surfaces of coupling «cylinder-piston» in a four-cycle internal combustion engine. Attainment of the assigned purpose has been carried out by means of experimental modeling lubricating system operation with the special breadboard setup supplied an independent drive of the oil pump and optical transparent cylinder and piston. The received results have allowed to specify the CPG oil supply behavior, and also to identify the new function of the piston consisting in transfer of disintegrating oil stream onto the interacting surfaces of the piston and cylinder. During experiments earlier stated hypothesis about existence of anomaly of quantity of the lubricant arriving on the thrust and anti-thrust side of the cylinder has been confirmed. The presented experimental information can be used for operational development and modernization of any combined type lubricating systems serving four-cycle piston engine with traditional CRM.
Development of elements of technology for increasing the durability of tractor components from gray cast iron
Authors: Ovsyannikov V. E , Vasil’ev V. I , Terekhov A. S
Published: April 2022

The problems of increasing the durability of tractor parts from ferrite-pearlitic gray iron by using the process of diffusion surface doping with subsequent quenching for martensite are considered. The process of diffusion surface doping of gray iron is realized by heating the alloy in contact with the oxide of alloying elements (chromium, titanium, vanadium, etc.). At the same time, dissociation of the oxide molecule of the alloying element and the diffusion of atoms into the interior of the cast iron occur on the alloy surface. This scheme of the process makes it possible to oxidize the carbon of the cast iron base and simultaneously alloy the surface layer. Studies of the diffusion layer have shown that it has a pearlite structure, which means that it is possible to use the quenching process to obtain a martensitic structure. Important factors that determine the resistance of metals and alloys to wear include their structure, physical and mechanical properties, as well as their mutual arrangement, the quantitative ratio and the nature of the relationship between the individual components of the structure of the material. An important issue in the practical implementation of the technology in is the determination of quenching regimes that provide the required microstructure and properties of the alloy, primarily the heating time for quenching. In this paper, we consider the possibility of applying heat engineering calculations to solve the abovementioned problem. Calculation of the heating parameters for quenching was carried out by solving the heat equation in the criterial form. The heating of a cylindrical part was considered. On the basis of the determination of the Bio and Fourier criteria, heating curves were constructed, which made it possible to determine the desired values of the heat treatment regimes. Experimental verification of the obtained results showed that the microstructure of the alloy is fine-needle martensite, which confirms the applicability of the calculated determination of the quenching regimes.
Improvement of service properties of L53 steel with thermal strengthening
Authors: Mihal'chenkov A. M , Budko S. I , YUreva A. A
Published: April 2022

The production of domestic all-metal plowshares made of steel L53, in the current situation in the agriculture, requires new solutions aimed at increasing the resource without significant technological and economic costs. Potential opportunities in this respect lie in conducting the thermal strengthening of such steel. However, the well-known works on this issue do not give a definitive answer about the possibilities of L53 and the optimum mode of heat treatment in terms of ensuring abrasive wear resistance. Therefore, the aim of the presented investigations was to improve the service properties of steel L53 by thermal strengthening, expressed in increasing hardness and wear resistance. During the experiments, the experimental samples (steel L53) were subjected to heating from 720…870 °С within 20 °С and cooling in the water with the subsequent determination of hardness and abrasion resistance. The wear tests were implemented on the plant of its own design, which allows changing the experimental conditions within a wide range. The obtained results indicate that conducting thermal strengthening from temperatures 840…860 °С allows increasing the abrasive wear resistance of L53 steel by 2,5…3 times, which is connected with phase transformations and the formation of hardening structures. It has determined by the experiments that the rational parameters of the thermal strengthening regime, which make it possible to exclude such an additional operation as the abatement. Accordingly, the application of thermal strengthening to provide increased hardness and resistance to abrasive enviroment (especially with regard to plowshares) is a necessary technological operation in the production of parts of tillage tools made of steel L53.
Diagnosing the automotive engines according to the parameters of crankcase gases flow and pressure
Authors: Nikolayev Ye V
Published: April 2022

The problem of automotive engines' diagnosis according to the parameters of flow and pressure of crankcase gases is considered. The influence of engine speeds on the change of diagnostic parameters is described.
Efficient proportion between the equipment manufactured in near and far abroad in conditions of technical reequipment of rural areas
Authors: Astafyev V L , Gridin N F
Published: April 2022

Results of theoretical researches on the substantiation of efficient proportion between the equipment manufactured in near and far abroad for the technical reequipment of Nothern Kazakhstan economies are presented. It is established that this proportion depends on the grain yield and the price of grain.
A system of capacity stabilization for the forage harvesters
Authors: Chepurnoy A I , Pakhunova R N , Pronin V Yu
Published: April 2022

The results of laboratory and field tests of forage harvester КСК-100А equipped with a system of capacity stabilization are given. Advantages of modernized harvester are revealed. Its performance increased and total load on the engine decreased. The stabilization coefficient of loading is 1.14, stabilization coefficient of vegetative mass layer thickness is 1.35.
Regulation of diesel engine by the transformation of its active volume
Authors: Patrakhaltsev N N , Strashnov S V , Melnik I S , Kornev B A
Published: April 2022

Some results of analysis of opportunities to rise a fuel affordability of diesel 6Ch 11/12.5 by regimes of low load or idling by deactivating some cylinders or cycles, named in other words as method of transformation of diesel active volume are presented. This analysis is carried out with the use of experimental universal diesel characteristics, namely fuel specific consumption of diesel, and mathematical simulation of some regimes of diesel operation.
Analysing the state of design and experimental researches of transport vehicles' frame constructions
Authors: Faradzhev F A , Godzhayev Z A , Nadezhdin V S
Published: April 2022

The state of computational and experimental studies of supporting systems of vehicles, including frames, in conditions of market relations, reducing development time and production organization was analyzed. Ways of improving the design of bearing systems, namely application of new materials and multi-objective optimization of the carriage and its components design are proposed. Authors propose a spatial mathematical model describing the complex vibrations, in which fluctuations of the motor-transmission installation and suspension are taken into account at the same time. Problems of the further development of computational and experimental methods of bearing systems in mechanical engineering are stated.
Calibration of field sprayers and modern devices for its realization
Authors: Drincha V M , Sergeyev Yu A , Sharibura A O
Published: April 2022

A modern technique of field sprayers' calibration is presented. The basic characteristics of a modern electronic flowmeter for the control of flow rate through dispensers are given.
New generation of vehicles for agricultural purposes
Authors: Dzotsenidze T D , Levshin A G , Kozlovskaya M A , Myagkov A Ye
Published: April 2022

One of the ways of improvement of agricultural transport performance, namely creation and introduction of a new generation of effective vehicles developed in consideration of the specificity of agricultural production and service conditions is considered.
A multifunctional soil cultivating resource-saving machine
Authors: Kuzmin M V
Published: April 2022

A multifunctional soil cultivating machine acting on the soil predominantly by extension deformations is proposed. Results of its tests as well as diagrams of advanced machines and fields of its application are presented.
The effectiveness of tractor diesel operating modes control based on fuel omissions
Authors: Galiullin R R
Published: April 2022

Performance indicators of tractor diesel engines in conditions of regulation of operating modes by the omissions of fuel supply were analyzed. Authors propose a dependence allowing to determine the coefficient of efficiency during the tractor diesel work by means of fuel supply omissions.
Crawler farm tractor gearbox equipped with gear shift under load and preselector speed range shift
Authors: Lysov A M
Published: April 2022

A variant of kinematic scheme of power shift gearbox with preselected shifting of working and transport speed ranges for the farm crawler 5-6 class tractor equipped with link steel crawlers and reduced maximum transport speed is considered.
Dependence of movements of the control system regulating body on the index of oscillation
Authors: Lipa O A
Published: April 2022

The amplitude of regulating body oscillations under action of random stationary perturbations on control system is evaluated. It is established that the required average amplitude of regulating body movements can be ensured by restricting the index of oscillation.
Introduction in the theory of involvement of soil masses in movement with specific reference to the soil processing
Authors: Imamov I S , Belov S V , Vorobiov Ye I
Published: April 2022

Technologies of mechanical soil tillage assume its deformation and destruction. These processes are difficult for generalization and mathematical description. Basic provisions for determination of wave grounds of energy transfer in soil body during its deformation and destruction are proposed. A way to clarify the rational equation of academician Goryachkin V.P. concerning the traction resistance of tillage tools based on the principles of theory of involvement of soil masses in movement are suggested.
Models with a random frequency for the imitation of input disturbances and statistical calculation of nonlinear systems within the correlation theory
Authors: Soloveychik A A
Published: April 2022

Mathematical models with a random frequency for the imitation of disturbances at the input of nonlinear systems are proposed. The effectiveness of different models is evaluated with a test problem of determining the standard deviation of angular velocity of motor shaft at random influences.
Kinematics of movement of forward mounting in horizontal plane and its features
Authors: Ploschadnov A N , Yakovlev P Yu , Zeygerman A S , Kursov I V , Marshalov E S
Published: April 2022

Kinematic relations in the mechanism of forward mounting (linkage) during its swing in horizontal plane are considered. The obtained data can be used in formulation of differential equations of motion of machine-tractor unit.
Agricultural engineering products quality certification maintenance based on the tractive and transport vehicles movement theory
Authors: Roslavtsev A V , Sapozhnikov I I
Published: April 2022

Some theoretical operating conditions and parameters describing the movement and controllability of machine-tractor units, as well as their practical significance and the implementation of results of research and development activities in view of certification maintenance are considered.
Features of using diesel power stations and systems with energy storage and current limiters
Authors: Genin V S , Popova M V
Published: April 2022

Electromechanical processes arising at the operation of superconducting inductive storage device and current limiters in power system with synchronous loading are considered. A mathematical model is developed. Relations between characteristics of power system, storage device and current limiters are investigated.
Movement of crawler band with elastomer wideners
Authors: Abyzov A A , Berezin I Ya , Rikhter Ye Ye , Byvaltsev V I
Published: April 2022

Results of experimental study of mover movements of a snow-marsh buggy having a crawler equipped with elastomer widener are given. The technique is described and results of tensometric tests of widener's dangerous zones load during the buggy movement are given.
Design improvement of the radial deformation limiter for the rubber-metal swivel joint of crawler-mounted mover
Authors: Korosteliov S A
Published: April 2022

Versions of limiter of radial deformation for the rubber-metal swivel joint of crawler-mounted mover are presented. This device allows to stabilize radial clearance between the limiter and the link ear.
Principal trends of development of high-performance potato growing machinery
Authors: Kolchin N N , Byshov N V , Borychev S N , Uspenskiy I A , Rembalovich G K
Published: April 2022

Brief information on the importance of potatoes in the world is given. Principal trends in the development of agricultural machinery for the Smart Farming technologies are shown. Structural features of planting, harvesting and other special machines for potatoes including the machines intended for Smart Farming technologies are considered. The current trends of development of agricultural machinery are briefly presented.
T-250 tractor: life and fate
Authors: Lipkovich E I
Published: April 2022

The problem of commercialization of heavy caterpillar class 6-8 tractor having a capacity of 270-320 hp is considered. Results of its technical and economic substantiation based on extensive comparative tests are carried out. Advices on the improvement of heavy machines' leasing are given.
Special equipment for potato production in small farms
Authors: Kolchin N N , Byshov N V , Borychev S N , Uspenskiy I A , Rembalovich G K
Published: April 2022

The role of small farms in potato production is noted, including the potato production in Russia. Characteristics are given and features of construction of special equipment are considered. There are machines of rather small performance of some foreign companies, in particular planters, cultivators-ridgers, diggers, combines, sieve graders et al.
Fuel efficiency of tractors coming on the market
Authors: Bely I F , Bobryashov A P , Kalyuzhny A V
Published: April 2022

Analysis of results of engines' bench tests and pilot design tractors' draft tests is presented. These experimental models passed the acceptance testing on machine testing station.
Plowing unit on the basis of a small-sized tractor
Authors: Voynash S A , Voynash A S , Zharikova T A
Published: April 2022

Mechanization of plowing in farms by using a small-sized tractor is proposed. Plowing units with different types of plow bodies are analyzed. A suggestion to adjust the plow width is considered.
A closed small-sized pneumatic separator for seed cleaning
Authors: Saitov V Ye , Grigoryev D V
Published: April 2022

A pneumatic separator equipped by closed small-sized pneumatic system was developed. It ensures cleaning of seed of cereal and grain-legume crops from hard-separable impurities of different aerodynamic features after the air-sieve and trieur machines.
A tiller-seeder with deflectors-distributors of seeds for subsoil-broadcast sowing
Authors: Machnev V A , Machnev A V , Larin M A
Published: April 2022

Basic design parameters are grounded. Results of comparative tests of an experimental tiller-seeder are given.
Choosing the suspension for agricultural category 5(6) tractor with triangular tracked bypass
Authors: Kosenko V V
Published: April 2022

Application of independent torsional suspension on agricultural tractors of drawbar class 5(6) with a triangular tracked bypass is grounded.
Decreasing of carbon dust emissions with the exhaust gases of diesel engines by the application of alternative fuels
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V , Chuprakov A I
Published: April 2022

Methods of carbon dust content decreasing in the exhaust gases of diesel engines by means of application of alternative fuels, namely of compressed natural gas and methanol, are considered. Results of experimental and theoretical researches allowing to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness and expediency of specified fuels application are presented.
Advanced method of motor and tractor diesels operation control at no-load mode and machinery for its implementation
Authors: Ukhanov D A , Ukhanov A P
Published: April 2022

Advanced method of motor and tractor diesels' operation control at no-load mode and machinery for its implementation are described. The mode of periodically repeating strokes of cutting of fuel feed and its subsequent resumption on the level securing the most economic behavior of diesel engine operation in the reduced rotating frequency range of a crankshaft allows to lower the hourly fuel consumption and to improve the ecological indicators in comparison with diesel engine operation in typical operating conditions of independent idling.
Evaluation of effectiveness of the wood chips production in timber terminal
Authors: Seliverstov A A , Gerasimov Yu Yu , Sukhanov Yu V , Syuniov V S , Katarov V K
Published: April 2022

Results of investigation of a mobile wood drum-type chipper driven by a power take-off shaft of agricultural tractor, operating in a timber terminal are given. It is shown that improving the efficiency of wood chips production from large-sized firewood requires more powerful chippers with 200 kW engines.
Calculation of laws of motion for the valves (tappets) of motor and tractor engines
Authors: Makushin A A
Published: April 2022

Basic provisions of calculation of required laws of motion for valves (tappets) grounded on the determination of working substance analogues of speed, required flow sections of valve apertures and valves (tappets) lifts are stated.
Improving the constructional and technological configuration of turf seeder
Authors: Kurbanov R F , Sozontov A V , Morozov A N
Published: April 2022

A new constructional and technological solution improving the quality of grass seeding is proposed.
Experimental evaluation of the distribution of coated seeds
Authors: Kireyev I M , Koval Z M
Published: April 2022

Modeling of coated seeds seeding on bench equipment with a pneumatic device and a piezocrystal sensor of seed number allowed to obtain the distribution of electronic pulses from the seeds of sugar beet, corn and imitators in a row. It is established that the management of seeds distribution may be accomplished by regulating the rotation frequency of drilling disk with a smaller number of seeding holes.
An apparatus for feeding and mixing of friable components and liquid
Authors: Mokhnatkin V G , Filinkov A S , Solonschikov P N
Published: April 2022

Basic requirements for mixing and dissolution devices are revealed. Construction of apparatus for feeding and mixing of friable components and liquid, providing the metered flow of both liquid and friable components is offered. Head-flow characteristics and mass feeding of a matter in the working chamber were determined experimentally.
On the paradox of models with a random frequency possessing a given correlation function and standard one-dimensional distribution density
Authors: Soloveychik A A
Published: April 2022

Models of stochastic processes possessing the given correlation function and the standard one-dimensional distribution density are analyzed. It is shown that contrary to expectations the introduction of auxiliary condition of one-dimensional distribution density normality into a random frequency model substantially worsens the reproduction accuracy of Gaussian processes.
Parameter optimization of automatic transmission of an industrial tractor
Authors: Pozin B M , Novoselskiy A Ye , Dovzhik Yu L
Published: April 2022

The procedure of parameters (gear ratios) selection for automatic transmission of an industrial tractor providing the maximal performance of tractor aggregate is stated.
Timiryazevskaya continuous flow and stationary grain harvesting technology and its agrotechnical parameters
Authors: Smirnov V P , Bondarenko S I , Lyadin V P
Published: April 2022

The process of continuous flow and stationary (three phase) technology and its comparative agrotechnical parameters, such as performance, grain losses and number of weeds, are considered under the influence of various factors.
Relationship of driving wheels slipping and traction engine operation on aggregate acceleration mode
Authors: Lopariov A A , Venglinskiy A M , Shmakov V A
Published: April 2022

Relationship between the driving wheels slipping and the operation of engine of МТЗ-102 tractor on starting and acceleration modes is considered. Possibility of decreasing the slipping coefficient using the volumetric cyclic fuel supply when tractor is functioning within a technological aggregate was determined.
Increasing the stability of fuel injection pump process
Authors: Burdykin V D
Published: April 2022

A patented construction of plunger and barrel assembly is proposed. A ball valve is placed in its axial bore to eliminate the fuel flowing into low pressure cavity during the injection process. The design of plunger and barrel assembly and its operation concept are considered.
Improvement of a feed grain crusher operation
Authors: Baranov N F , Fufachiov V S , Baranov R N
Published: April 2022

Constructional and technological configuration of a sieve-free feed grain crusher equipped with a pneumatic loading of material is suggested. Optimal diameter of limiting ring, area of annular gap between crushing chamber and disk of the rotor wheel and also number of fan blades are described.
A pneumatic-mechanical scheme of hay pickup loader
Authors: Bobkov S I
Published: April 2022

A method for determining the rate of airflow allowing to move hay in the air duct of pneumatic-mechanical hay pickup loader is presented.
Reliability of information during the tractors diagnostics based on the engine functional parameters
Authors: Larin N S , Saksin A G , Polkovnikov N F
Published: April 2022

Basic theoretical preconditions of errors probability during the machines diagnostics based on the functional parameters, associated with measurement error are given. A plan of estimation of mathematical expectations of engine functional parameters in dependence on the kind of loading law was considered.
Technology of turbocompressors repair
Authors: Senin P V , Vlaskin V V , Marushkin Yu A
Published: April 2022

Causes of failure and defects of turbocompressors and also actual methods of worn-out parts repair are shortly described. The essence of developed technology of turbocompressors repair using the electrospark method is stated.