bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of Hot Tearing in Sr-B Modified A356 Alloy
Authors: Uludağ M. , Çetin R. , Dışpınar D.
Published: January 2018

In this work, T-shaped mould design was used to generate hot spot and the effect of Sr and B on the hot tearing susceptibility of A356 was investigated. The die temperature was kept at 250°C and the pouring was carried out at 740°C. The amonut of Sr and B additions were 30 and 10 ppm, respectively. One of the most important defects that may exist in cast aluminium is the presence of bifilms. Bifilms can form by the surface turbulence of liquid metal. During such an action, two unbonded surfaces of oxides fold over each other which act as a crack. Therefore, this defect cause many problems in the cast part. In this work, it was found that bifilms have significant effect over the hot tearing of A356 alloy. When the alloy solidifies directionally, the structure consists of elongated dendritic structure. In the absence of equiaxed dendrites, the growing tips of the dendrites pushed the bifilms to open up and unravel. Thus, leading to enlarged surface of oxide to become more harmful. In this case, it was found that these bifilms initiate hot tearing.
Selected Tribological Properties of A390.0 Alloy
Authors: Wieszała R. , Piątkowski J.
Published: January 2018

Emergence of new designs for internal combustion engines resulted in a necessity to search for new materials which will rise to excessive technological requirements under operating conditions of modern internal combustion engines of up to 150 kW. Focusing only on material properties, theoretically existing alloys should meet presents requirements. More importantly, existing materials are well fitted to the entire crank-piston system. Thus, there is a need for a more thorough examination of these materials. The paper presents studies on determination of coefficient of friction μ and wear for the A390.0 alloy modified with AlTi5B master alloy combined with EN GJL-350 cast iron. The characteristics of a T-11 tribological tester (pin on disc) used for the tests, as well as the methodology of the tribological tests, were described. Also, the analysis of the surface distribution of elements for the pin and the disc was presented. The studies were realized in order to find whether the analyzed alloy meets the excessive requirements for the materials intended for pistons of modern internal combustion engines. The results show that the A390.0 alloy can only be applied to a load of 1.4 MPa. Above this value was observed destructive wear, which results in the inability to use it in modern internal combustion engines.
Selected Technological Properties of Liquid Ceramic Slurries Used to Produce Moulds in the Replicast cs Technology
Authors: Kaczorowski R. , Just P. , Pacyniak T.
Published: January 2018

The study discusses the issues connected with the production of thin-walled ceramic slurry in the replicast cs technology. In the ceramic mould production process, a special role is played by the liquid ceramic slurry used to produce the first layer of the mould. The study examines selected technological properties of liquid ceramic slurries used to produce moulds in the replicas cs technology. The ceramic slurries for the tests were prepared based on the binders Ludox Px30 and Sizol 030, enriched with Refracourse flour. The wettability of the pattern's surface by the liquid ceramic slurry and the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the ceramic flour content in the mixture were determined. The wettability of the pattern surface by the liquid ceramic slurry was determined based on the measurement of the wetting angle. The angle was determined by means of an analysis of the computer image obtained with the use of a CDC camera.
Hepatotoxicity associated with statins
Authors: Karahalil Bensu , Hare Emine , Koç Göksel , Uslu İrem , Şentürk Kerem , Özkan Yağmur
Published: January 2018

Treatment with statins is known all over the world. They are generally considered safe at therapeutic doses. Nevertheless, clinical trials are not enough to assess their scarce adverse effects such as idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI). Due to some conditions, such as concomitant usage (drug-drug interaction using an identical metabolising enzyme) and genetic polymorphisms, there is an increasing concern about their safety. Hepatotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis have begun to appear in published studies. Most of investigations have focused on both these adverse effects and mechanisms of drug induced toxicity. The present review has attempted to compile almost all of the existing studies on the hepatotoxicity of statins but not rhabdomyolysis. The aim of our study is to provide an overview of the studies on the statin-associated hepatotoxicity and to discuss the published studies. The researchers are of the opinion that the research on this topic is incomplete but extremely necessary.
Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview
Authors: Viegas Susana , Ladeira Carina , Costa-Veiga Ana , Perelman Julian , Gajski Goran
Published: January 2018

Cancer is one of the diseases of greatest concern in developed countries and much effort has been invested in discovering and developing therapeutics for curing cancer. Despite the improvements in antineoplastic therapeutics in the last decades, cancer is still one of the most harmful diseases worldwide. The global burden of cancer also implies financial costs: these can be direct costs, such as those related to treatment, care, and rehabilitation and indirect, which include the loss of economic output due to missed work (morbidity costs) and premature death (mortality costs). There are also hidden costs such as health insurance premiums and nonmedical expenses that are worth noting. This paper intends to present an overview of the generally forgotten impacts that the increasing number of cancer cases can have on the environment, workers who handle antineoplastic drugs, and health services. The knowledge available of each of the impacts will be addressed and discussed regarding the expected development. Overall, lessons learnt reflect on the impact of cancer through aspects not commonly evidenced in the literature or even considered in socio-economic analysis, in part due to the fact that these are difficult to contemplate in direct and indirect cancer costs already defined. Attention may be drawn to the need of continuous investment in prevention to reduce the negative impact on the environment, and in the health of workers who handle antineoplastic drugs for patients’ treatment.
A survey on Inverse mean curvature flow in ROSSes
Authors: Pipoli Giuseppe
Published: January 2018

In this survey we discuss the evolution by inverse mean curvature flow of star-shaped mean convex hypersurfaces in non-compact rank one symmetric spaces. We show similarities and differences between the case considered, with particular attention to how the geometry of the ambient manifolds influences the behaviour of the evolution. Moreover we try, when possible, to give an unified approach to the results present in literature.
Solving Rectangular Fuzzy Games through
Authors: Chaudhuri Arindam
Published: January 2018

Fuzzy set theory has been applied in many fields such as operations research, control theory and decision sciences. In particular, an application of this theory in decision making problems has a remarkable significance. In this paper, we consider a solution of rectangular fuzzy game with pay-off as imprecise numbers instead of crisp numbers viz., interval and LR-type trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The solution of such fuzzy games with pure strategies by minimax-maximin principle is discussed. The algebraic method to solve 2 × 2 fuzzy games without saddle point by using mixed strategies is also illustrated. Here m × n payoff matrix is reduced to 2 × 2 pay-off matrix by dominance method. This fact is illustrated by means of numerical example.
Machine Learning in Nutritional Follow-up Research
Authors: Reis Rita , Peixoto Hugo , Machado José , Abelha António
Published: January 2018

Healthcare is one of the world’s fastest growing industries, having large volumes of data collected on a daily basis. It is generally perceived as being ‘information rich’ yet ‘knowledge poor’. Hidden relationships and valuable knowledge can be discovered in the collected data from the application of data mining techniques. These techniques are being increasingly implemented in healthcare organizations in order to respond to the needs of doctors in their daily decision-making activities. To help the decision-makers to take the best decision it is fundamental to develop a solution able to predict events before their occurrence. The aim of this project was to predict if a patient would need to be followed by a nutrition specialist, by combining a nutritional dataset with data mining classification techniques, using WEKA machine learning tools. The achieved results showed to be very promising, presenting accuracy around 91%, specificity around 97% and precision about 95%.
A Late Victorian Family Life: The Typically Untypical World of The Collingwoods of Lanehead
Authors: Connelly James
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the Collingwood family of Lanehead, Coniston, in the UK’s Lake District. It shows that the family itself was a unity which allowed for the emergence of brilliance on the part of at least one of its members, R. G. Collingwood. It argues that his emergence was the outcome both of his education and of the family habits inculcated into him by his parents and shared with his siblings from an early age and operative throughout their lives. In particular, this included the sharing of detailed and minutely descriptive family letters written as, and designed to be read as, shared narratives. It makes the claim that the family was in many ways a bohemian family, but in its own particular way-its bohemianism being offset by a sturdy work ethic and middle-class sensibility.
Manipulation in Illiquid Markets – A Tale of Inefficiency?
Authors: Tountopoulos Vassilios D.
Published: January 2018

There is a general consensus in the legal literature that illiquid markets are prone to manipulation. However, the question is not as simple as it appears to be. A plethora of provisions reveals that the European legislator is sceptical regarding the reliability of the price-formation mechanism in illiquid markets. Illiquidity constitutes a structural problem of the market, and illiquid markets are generally considered inefficient markets. The aim of this article is to analyse the relation between market illiquidity and market manipulation in terms of legality. We claim that the nature of the market affects the application of market-manipulation provisions and market-manipulation indicators. Issues such as causation, mental elements and standard of proof are strongly affected by illiquidity. The basis for this argument is that investors should not be condemned for a natural market phenomenon.
Aβ42 oligomers impair the bioenergetic activity in hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice
Authors: Beckert Benedikt , Acker-Palmer Amparo , Volknandt Walter
Published: January 2018

Employing hippocampal synaptosomes from amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deleted mice we analyzed the immediate effects of amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) peptide in its oligomeric or fibrillar assembly or of soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα) protein on their bioenergetic activity. Upon administration of oligomeric Aβ42 peptide for 30 min we observed a robust decrease both in mitochondrial activity and in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast the respective fibrillary or scrambled peptides showed no effect, indicating that inhibition strictly depends on the oligomerization status of the peptide. Hippocampal synaptosomes from old APP-KO mice revealed a further reduction of their already impaired bioenergetic activity upon incubation with 10 μm Aβ42 peptide. In addition we evaluated the influence of the sAPPα protein on mitochondrial activity of hippocampal synaptosomes derived from young or old APP-KO animals. In neither case 20 nm nor 200 nm sAPPα protein had an effect on mitochondrial metabolic activity. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice are a most suitable model system to evaluate the impact of Aβ42 peptide on its bioenergetic activity and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments by oligomeric Aβ42 on mitochondrial function. Our data demonstrate that extracellular Aβ42 peptide is taken up into synaptosomes where it immediately attenuates mitochondrial activity.
“English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies
Authors: Kankaanranta Anne , Karhunen Päivi , Louhiala-Salminen Leena
Published: January 2018

This conceptual paper advances the notion of “English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies (MNC) with novel insights from the English as lingua franca (ELF) paradigm of sociolinguistics. Inspired by Goffman, Erving. 1959.The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday. dramaturgical metaphor of social life, we develop the notion of English as corporate language by making a distinction between the frontstage official language used in corporate communication and backstage working language used in interactions among MNC employees. We argue that the former approaches the notion of English as a native language and the latter represents ELF in the business domain (BELF); they are different in terms of understanding language competence, multilingualism and role of language in building legitimacy. Our conclusions imply first, that the frontstage English may not always be accessible to the backstage BELF users, due to which employees may feel disadvantaged or disempowered. Second, the use of formal language testing in recruitment and performance appraisal may transform into a gate-keeping mechanism that leads to power inequalities. In our recommendations, we call for an emancipatory language policy accepting different standards of English for different positions and adopting ideas of the Plain Language initiative to better reach all MNC employees.
Historical Sociolinguistic Philology – a New Hybrid Discipline, its Interests, and its Scope
Authors: Soukup Barbara
Published: January 2018

This contribution presents the basic rationale and principles of a new hybrid discipline of historical sociolinguistic philology, or the sociolinguistically informed study of ancient texts, as showcased in the current special issue. It is shown how an interactional model of communication validates and scaffolds the application of synchronic sociocultural linguistic theory and findings to the analysis of ancient texts in order to achieve a more fully contextualized account and interpretation of their meaning from a perspective contemporary to their origination. In fact, it is argued that any study of ancient texts should take the perspective of its producer(s) and addressee(s) into consideration, and that written language use cannot be satisfactorily accounted for without reference to the immediate, on-the-ground-level social context and situation within which it arose.
Grammatical metaphor and functional idiomaticity
Authors: Pamies-Bertrán Antonio
Published: January 2018

One of the main challenges for research in the field of Phraseology is to discover how phraseological combinations can be integrated into the grammatical rules they seem to contradict. This paper explains some theoretical concepts which may shed some light on the relation between regular syntax and phraseological fixedness. Firstly, we explain how the concept of grammatical metaphor, applied to phraseology, allows to distinguish phrasemes from free combinations, and also to separate the phrasemic subclasses from one another. Secondly, we analyze the different degrees of fixedness of phrasemes in terms of functional idiomaticity, as a consequence of grammatical metaphor, resulting from the relation between the inner and outer syntax of the phrasemes, which is parallel to their semantic idiomaticity. Thirdly, we focus on some particular cases of this mechanism, such as discontinuous, interlocking and overlapping phrasemes, as well as the so-called open-slot idioms. We conclude that the application of grammatical metaphor to phraseology brings up to surface a parallelism between idiomatic meanings and idiomatic structures, which is an essential property of phrasemes.
Does Grammatical Gender Influence Perception? A Study of Polish and French Speakers
Authors: Haertlé Izabella
Published: January 2018

Can the perception of a word be influenced by its grammatical gender? Can it happen that speakers of one language perceive an object to have masculine features, while speakers of another language perceive the same object to have feminine features? Previous studies suggest that this is the case, and also that there is some supra-language gender categorisation of objects as natural/feminine and artefact/masculine. This study was an attempt to replicate these findings on another population of subjects. This is the first Polish study of this kind, comparing the perceptions of objects by Polish- and French-speaking individuals. The results of this study show that grammatical gender may cue people to assess objects as masculine or feminine. However, the findings of some previous studies, that feminine features are more often ascribed to natural objects than artifacts, were not replicated.
Understanding Contextual and Social Meaning in Typically Developing Finnish-Speaking Four- To Eight-Year-Old Children
Authors: Loukusa Soile , Mäkinen Leena , Gabbatore Ilaria , Laukkanen-Nevala Päivi , Leinonen Eeva
Published: January 2018

This study examined the development of social-pragmatic comprehension in 170 Finnish four- to eight-year-old children. The children were asked to respond to socially and contextually demanding questions targeting their social-pragmatic language processing, and to explain their correct answers in order to elicit their awareness of how they had derived the answers from the context. The results showed that the number of correct answers increased especially between the ages of four and seven years. We found that questions demanding contextual processing without mind-reading were the easiest to understand, followed by questions demanding processing of feelings of others and false beliefs. The questions demanding understanding of relevant language use and processing of contextual factors including mental states and intentions were the most challenging for the children. Between four and five years of age there was a remarkable developmental phase in children’s ability to give proper explanations.
Quantifying Homicide Injuries: A Swedish Time Trend Study Using the Homicide Injury Scale
Authors: Tamsen Fredrik , Sturup Joakim , Thiblin Ingemar
Published: January 2018

Studies report that the homicide rate has decreased considerably in most Western countries since the 1990s. However, few studies have examined the level of injury in homicides. The injury severity in homicide victims was studied in the Stockholm area using both the Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) and the number of lethal injuries per victim. Cases were included from four periods; 1976-78, 1986-88, 1996-98, and 2006-08. The number of homicides with overkill according to the HIS was significantly higher in 1996-98 compared to 1976-78. Compared with 1976-78, the number of lethal injuries per victim was significantly higher both in 1996-98 and 2006-2008. There are various possible reasons for the changes, including a brutalization of lethal violence or a more effective trauma care. More in-depth analysis of individual cases together with research on victims of attempted homicides is needed to explain these shifts in injury severity.
Entscheidungsspielräume im Sozialleistungsrecht – Konsequenzen für die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Fehmel Thilo
Published: January 2018

In German public law many legal norms award administrative discretion to authorities. This transition of decision-making from the legislative to the executive has recently increased. The article illustrates this development, which at first is placed in the context of the social rights approach. Afterwards the taxonomy of discretion is shown, and the rationales of areas of discretion in public and social law are discussed. In the third section, the increasing relevance of discretion in granting social benefits – or in imposing sanctions on recipients of benefits – is examined from a social work point of view using three examples in recent social legislation. Finally, the consequences of this development for social work and the required reactions by social work professionals and scholars are reflected.
Diagnostic re-evaluation of congenital hypothyroidism in Macedonia: predictors for transient or permanent hypothyroidism
Authors: Zdraveska Nikolina , Zdravkovska Maja , Anastasovska Violeta , Sukarova-Angelovska Elena , Kocova Mirjana
Published: January 2018

Background

Diagnostic re-evaluation is important for all patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) for determining the etiology and identifying transient CH cases. Our study is a first thyroxine therapy withdrawal study conducted in Macedonian CH patients for a diagnostic re-evaluation. We aimed to evaluate the etiology of CH, the prevalence of transient CH and identify predictive factors for distinguishing between permanent (PCH) and transient CH (TCH).

Materials and methods

Patients with CH aged >3 years underwent a trial of treatment withdrawal for 4 weeks period. Thyroid function testing (TFT), ultrasound and Technetium-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan were performed thereafter. TCH was defined when TFT remained within normal limits for at least 6-month follow-up. PCH was diagnosed when TFT was abnormal and classified according the imaging findings.

Results

42 (55%) patients had PCH and 34 (45.0%) patients had TCH. Thyroid agenesia was the most prevalent form in the PCH group. Patients with TCH had lower initial thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values (P < 0.0001); higher serum thyroxine levels (P = 0.0023) and lower mean doses of levothyroxine during treatment period (P < 0.0001) than patients with PCH. Initial TSH level <30.5 IU/mL and levothyroxine dose at 3 years of age <2.6 mg/kg/day were a significant predictive factors for TCH; sensitivity 92% and 100%, specificity 75.6% and 76%, respectively.

Conclusion

TCH presents a significant portion of patients with CH. Initial TSH value and levothyroxine dose during treatment period has a predictive role in differentiating TCH from PCH. Earlier re-evaluation, between 2 and 3 years age might be considered in some patients requiring low doses of levothyroxine.
Is Complete Revascularisation Mandated for all Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Innocentiis Carlo De ,   Institute of Cardiology and Centre of Excellence on Ageing, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy, Zimarino Marco ,   Institute of Cardiology and Centre of Excellence on Ageing, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy, Caterina Raffaele De ,   Institute of Cardiology and Centre of Excellence on Ageing, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
Published: January 2018

In multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD), myocardial revascularisation can be achieved by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with complete revascularisation on all diseased coronary segments or with incomplete revascularisation on selectively targeted lesions. Complete revascularisation confers a long-term prognostic benefit, but is associated with a higher rate of periprocedural events compared with incomplete revascularisation. In most patients with MVCAD, the main advantage of CABG over PCI is conferred by the achievement of more extensive revascularisation. According to current international guidelines, PCI is generally preferred in single-vessel disease, low-risk MVCAD or isolated left main disease; whereas CABG is usually recommended in patients with complex two-vessel disease, most patients with three-vessel disease and/or non-isolated left main disease. In patients with MVCAD, the choice on revascularisation modality should depend on a multifactorial evaluation, taking into account not only coronary anatomy, the ischaemic burden, myocardial function, age and the presence of comorbidities, but also the adequacy of myocardial revascularisation.
Dutch Disease-cum-financialization Booms and External Balance Cycles in Developing Countries
Authors: BOTTA ALBERTO
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT We formally investigate the medium-to-long-run dynamics emerging out of a Dutch disease-cum-financialization phenomenon. We take inspiration from the most recent Colombian development pattern. The “pure” Dutch disease first causes deindustrialization by permanently appreciating the economy’s exchange rate in the long run. Financialization, i.e., booming capital inflows taking place in a climate of natural resource-led financial overoptimism, causes medium-run exchange rate volatility and macroeconomic instability. This jeopardizes manufacturing development even further by raising macroeconomic uncertainty. We advise the adoption of capital controls and a developmentalist monetary policy to tackle these two distinct but often intertwined phenomena.
Das explicações para a quase estagnação da economia capitalista no Brasil
Authors: PRADO ELEUTÉRIO F. S.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Neste artigo, examinam-se três importantes linhas de explicação para essa ocorrência histórica que já dura quase quatro décadas. Discutem-se perspectivas que se encaixam nos rótulos de neoliberal, novo-desenvolvimentista e marxista. Não apenas, porém, do enfoque científico, mas também do ponto de vista da justificação e/ou da crítica econômico-política da realidade existente. A dependência na relação periferia-centro, dentro do horizonte da duração possível do capitalismo, aparece como questão central. A política econômica dos governos figura como importante, mas sem primazia em relação ao evolver estrutural das relações sociais capitalistas. A conclusão não flerta com alguma forma de otimismo sobre o progresso - ao contrário, vê o futuro como bem difícil.
Towards an intellectual history of evolutionary economics: competition and struggle versus cooperation and mutual aid
Authors: HALL JOHN , KIRDINA-CHANDLER SVETLANA
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Our inquiry considers the origins of Evolutionary Economics by reintroducing a debate that took place in Russia in the 19th and early 20th century. Responses to Charles Darwin’s The origin of Species are considered, especially critiques stressing Darwin’s emphasis upon competition and struggle in natural selection, that can be traced directly to Thomas Robert Malthus. Considering challenging contributions made by several Russian scholars, we place special emphasis upon Peter Kropotkin’s focus on cooperation and “mutual aid” in natural selection and evolution. We then speculate upon the commonality found in the evolutionary views advanced by Kropotkin and his American contemporary, Thorstein Veblen.
A lei de thirlwall multissetorial com fluxos de capitais: uma análise do plano nacional de exportações (2015-2018) usando simulações computacionais
Authors: SILVA GUILHERME JONAS C. DA , SANTOS JÚLIO FERNANDO COSTA , BAPTISTA LÍVIA NALESSO
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo avançar no debate em torno da Lei de Thirlwall Multissetorial, incluindo os fluxos de capitais setoriais e suas implicações para a nova estratégia de crescimento da economia brasileira, que visa estimular as exportações por meio da diversificação dos produtos, da agregação de valor e do aumento da intensidade tecnológica das exportações brasileiras. Para tanto, desenvolve-se um modelo multissetorial com fluxos de capitais setoriais e, na sequência, realizam-se algumas simulações computacionais considerando os principais setores e parceiros econômicos do país (China, Estados Unidos e Bloco Europeu). os resultados sugerem que a melhor estratégia seria estimular os setores específicos, ou seja, ampliar a participação dos setores nos quais o país possua maior vantagem comparativa em relação a cada um dos seus parceiros comerciais (Manufaturados - EUA, Semimanufaturados - Europa, Básicos - China). Não obstante o resultado obtido na simulação, nos moldes do modelo proposto por Hausmann et al. (2004), pode gerar a aceleração do crescimento econômico. Assim, o Plano Nacional de Exportações (2015-2018) deve dar preferência à ampliação de incentivos a setores que apresentem elevadas razões das elasticidades no sentido de Thirlwall.
A superação da dicotomia público versus privado e a concepção solidarista de acesso à justiça no ensino do direito
Authors: Ziemann Aneline Dos Santos , Dos Reis Jorge Renato
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo teve como objetivo verificar o que se pode considerar como "acesso à justiça" nos termos atuais, considerando a superação da dicotomia público versus privado, e como ocorre o ensino desta concepção nos cursos de Direito. Com este objetivo foi realizada a pesquisa bibliográfica na doutrina especializada no tema. Concluiu-se que há um distanciamento entre a formação que seria capaz de promover um acesso à justiça efetivo e a formação que é ofertada atualmente nos cursos de graduação em Direito. O excesso de legalismo dos cursos de Direito e o apego a percepções ultrapassadas, tais como a separação entre direito público e direito privado, é um dos fatores que contribui para que o Poder Judiciário encontre dificuldades para solucionar as demandas que a ele são levadas.
Transnacionalidade, migrações transnacionais e os direitos dos trabalhadores migrantes
Authors: Cruz Paulo Marcio , Piffer Carla
Published: January 2018

Este artigo analisa a transnacionalidade, as migrações transnacionais e os direitos dos trabalhadores migrantes. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: a primeira trata da transnacionalidade e do Direito Transnacional; a segunda aborda as migrações transnacionais e suas principais características; e a terceira que possui como objetivo identificar os direitos dos trabalhadores migrantes e a ocorrência do dumping social em empresas brasileiras como prática atentatória à dignidade e aos direitos destes trabalhadores. Utiliza-se o método indutivo, sendo acionadas as técnicas do referente, da categoria, dos conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Programas sociais, a exclusão social e a vedação ao retrocesso: direitos sociais no Brasil em crise
Authors: Dotta Alexandre Godoy , Marques Camila Salgueiro da Purificação
Published: January 2018

O trabalho trata dos programas sociais e do princípio da vedação ao retrocesso dos direitos sociais garantidos pela Constituição, com inspiração no atual cenário político e econômico brasileiro, verificando de que formas as medidas anunciadas pelo atual governo, pós processo de Impeachment, a exemplo das restrições nos programas sociais “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” e “Bolsa Família”, podem constituir verdadeiro retrocesso em relação aos direitos sociais que já haviam sido em parte efetivados - o que fere a igualdade e acaba por gerar uma classe de pessoas “excluídas”. Para tanto, verifica-se a questão da vedação ao retrocesso em relação aos direitos sociais, em razão dos princípios da proteção da confiança, da isonomia e da dignidade da pessoa humana, mormente no período de crise no Brasil, assim como se aborda a “inclusão do outro”, sob a ótica de Habermas, identificando a ausência de diálogo para a decisão de restrição de tais direitos, e, ainda, que o sujeito, diante de tão intensa violação dos direitos sociais, não é abarcado por nenhuma posição democrática, perdendo a identidade e a noção de pertencimento social.
Relationship between alcoholism addiction and periodontitis. An in vivo study using drinking-in-darkness protocol in rats
Authors:   Lab. de Investigación Odontológica. Sec. Neurobiología de las Sensaciones Orales FES Iztacala, UNAM. Mexico., Pérez-Martínez Isaac , Martínez-Ordoñez Mariana ,   Lab. de Investigación Odontológica. Sec. Neurobiología de las Sensaciones Orales FES Iztacala, UNAM. Mexico., Acevedo-Roque Casandra ,   Lab. de Investigación Odontológica. Sec. Neurobiología de las Sensaciones Orales FES Iztacala, UNAM. Mexico., Solis-Suárez Diana ,   Lab. de Investigación Odontológica. Sec. Inmunidad Oral y Regulación Ósea FES Iztacala, UNAM. México., Llamosas-Hernández Eduardo ,   FES Iztacala, UNAM. Mexico., García-Hernández Ana ,   Lab. de Investigación Odontológica. Sec. Neurobiología de las Sensaciones Orales FES Iztacala, UNAM. Mexico.
Published: January 2018

Periodontal disease (PD) has been considered a probable risk factor for several systemic diseases. Among them, PD is presumed to be one of the possible etiologies of chronic illness of the central nervous system. In this context, poor oral health and PD is associated with substance abuse in humans. However, if periodontal lesions can produce addiction is unknown. This paper aims to evaluate the possibility that chronic periodontal injury (CPL) can cause ethanol binge intake in drink-in-darkness (DID) protocol in rats. In CPL group (n=10) experimental damage was done to the periodontal tissue of the second maxillary molar, the control group (n=9) received sham injury. Forty-three days after CPL the intake of ethanol was assessed using several concentrations in DID experiment. During the DID experiment, we observed significant differences between the binge-type consumption of ethanol at the lowest concentration of 10% (p=0.01). Differences in consumption of 20% ethanol are observed during a few days (p=0.04), and there are no differences in consumption at 40% concentration of ethanol (p=0.2). It is concluded that chronic periodontal lesion leads to alcoholism in Wistar rats.
Therapeutic role of methotrexate in pediatric Crohn’s disease
Authors: Djurić Zlatko , Šaranac Ljiljana , Budić Ivana , Pavlović Voja , Djordjević Jelena
Published: January 2018

The main role of therapy in Crohn’s disease (CD) is to achieve long-term clinical remission, and to allow for normal growth and development of children. The immunomodulatory drugs used for the maintenance of remission in CD include thiopurines (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine) and methotrexate (MTX). Development of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease, treated with thiopurines only or in combination with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, resulted in a growing interest in the therapeutic application of MTX in children suffering from CD. This review summarizes the literature on the therapeutic role of MTX in children with CD. MTX is often administered as a second-line immunomodulator, and 1-year clinical remission was reported in 25–69% of children with CD after excluding for the use of thiopurines. Initial data on MTX effectiveness in mucosal healing, and as a first-line immunomodulator in pediatric patients with CD, are promising. A definite conclusion, however, may only be made on the basis of additional research with a larger number of subjects.
Análisis, por Simulación, de los Esfuerzos Cortantes en la Superficie del Iris, en Presencia de Lentes Fáquicos Intraoculares
Authors:   , Ramírez-Honorato J. L.
Published: January 2018

En este estudio, se presenta una metodología para evaluar lentes fáquicos intraoculares, cuando el flujo del humor acuoso es asimétrico, debido a modificaciones en el área de salida del fluido. El objetivo es determinar el efecto que tienen las asimetrías del flujo del humor acuoso en el esfuerzo cortante sobre el iris y la córnea en presencia de un lente fáquico intraocular. Se considera la geometría del ojo propuesta por Repetto et al., [7] y se resuelve el flujo del humor acuso con y sin lente empleando simulaciones mediante el método de elemento finito. Para validar el método, se compara la solución numérica obtenida con los resultados de Tychsen et al. [8] obteniendo valores del mismo orden. Los resultados obtenidos son perfiles de velocidad, líneas de corriente y esfuerzos cortantes en las superficies del iris y la córnea. El modelo no toma en cuenta las variaciones de la temperatura, por lo que no se consideran los efectos de flotación. Los resultados muestran que las asimetrías tienen un gran impacto en la dinámica del humor acuoso e incrementan los esfuerzos cortantes; sin embargo no son suficientes como para causar desprendimiento de las céluas del iris o de la córnea.
A new approach to computerized adaptive testing
Authors: Kuravsky L.S. , Artemenkov S.L. , Yuryev G.A. , Grigorenko E.L.
Published: January 2018

A new approach to computerized adaptive testing is presented on the basis of discrete-state discrete-time Markov processes. This approach is based on an extension of the G. Rasch model used in the Item Response Theory (IRT) and has decisive advantages over the adaptive IRT testing. This approach has a number of competitive advantages: takes into account all the observed history of performing test items that includes the distribution of successful and unsuccessful item solutions; incorporates time spent on performing test items; forecasts results in the future behavior of the subjects; allows for self-learning and changing subject abilities during a testing procedure; contains easily available model identification procedure based on simply accessible observation data. Markov processes and the adaptive transitions between the items remain hidden for the subjects who have access to the items only and do not know all the intrinsic mathematical details of a testing procedure. The developed model of adaptive testing is easily generalized for the case of polytomous items and multidimensional items and model structures.
Raúl Román Romero (ed.), Economía del Caribe colombiano y construcción de nación, 1770-1930
Authors: Deavila P. Orlando
Published: January 2018

Texto sin resumen.
María Silvia Ospital y Graciela Mateo (comps.), Antes de Perón y antes de Frondizi. El nacionalismo económico y la revista SERVIR (1936-1943)
Authors: De la Mora Valencia Rogelio
Published: January 2018

No contiene resumen.
Javier Rodríguez Weber, Desarrollo y desigualdad en Chile (1850-2009). Historia de su economía política. Santiago, Chile. Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana, 2017.
Authors: Matus G. Mario
Published: January 2018

No contiene resumen
STRUCTURE OF METHODOLOGY OF COMPLEX ACTIVITY
Authors:   IBS, Belov M. , Novikov D. ,   Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2018

The work is devoted to the presentation of the concept of the methodology of integrated activities, developing a common methodology for the case of any complex (having a non-trivial multi-level internal structure) of human activity. The structural elements of complex activity are considered, it’s logical, causal and process structures are constructively described. Considerable attention is paid to organization and management, uncertainty, as well as life cycles of activities, their subjects, items, resources, knowledge and technology. The use of the system of coordinated formal models ensures practical application of the results both by practitioners and by scientists engaged in research of general principles of organization of activities (practical, scientific, etc.) and management of organizational and technical systems. For the first time the formalism of the description of complex activities with the subject - the organizational and technical system was proposed. Formal models of organization and management as a complex activity have been developed.
KNOWLEDGE BASE DESIGN FOR THE INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND PREVENTIONS OF RISK SITUATIONS IN THE DESIGN STAGE OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Kovalev S. , Kolodenkova A. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: January 2018

Design of complex technical systems (CTS) is a difficult iterative process. It involves large capital investments, considerable expenses of resources (financial, labor, time), development of a large number of various documentations and also a set of the emerging risk situations. The intelligent control system and preventions of risk situations is necessary for reliable creation of CTS. Such a system would allow to process and analyse quickly large volumes of diverse information, to reveal risk situations at a design stage. Such a system would also be capable of resolving a common question "what would happen with the project of CTS in case of some changes made at the design stage...?" This article is dedicated to creation of the knowledge base of the intelligent control and prevention of risk situations system in the conditions of diverse information environment for design of CTS for a critical infrastructure. The analysis of the main types of models of knowledge representation commonly applied for creation of knowledge bases is carried out. The offered knowledge base is built on the modular principle and uses the generalized scheme of methodology of cognitive and fuzzy cognitive modeling. Novelty is that knowledge in the offered knowledge base is presented in the form of accurate or fuzzy cognitive models and also scenarios of development of the risk situations connected with design of complex technical systems.
FUZZY FORMAL CONCEPT ANALYSIS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ONTOLOGIES
Authors:   Moscow City University, Ofiсerov V. , Smirnov S. ,   Institute for the Control of Complex Systems of RAS
Published: January 2018

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a rigorous mathematical theory in the “Data mining” research field. It advances the classical approach to the Concept as to a fundamental epistemic element which is determined by extent and intent. FCA is suitable for mining formal ontologies from the experimental data representing Domains of Interest (DI). In this sense Fuzzy FCA (FFCA) is an adaptation of the FCA to real nature of such information. The genesis study of fuzziness of the formal contexts is a new approach, which necessitates the inclusion of special stages of primary data processing into designing ontologies. It is shown that some of the reasons for this fuzziness are inherent in the technology of generating a formal context from experimental data. Other fuzziness factors were revealed during the morphological analysis of the basic empirical structure - the "objects-properties" table. Interpretation of additional information is possible on the basis of elementary methods of fuzzy inference. Lastly, variants of FFCA application for fuzzy ontologies are analyzed.
Leading from a distance: Adopting a heterarchy for building leadership capacity
Authors: Pierce Gail , Clarkin-Phillips Jeanette
Published: January 2018

Leading from a distance presents unique challenges, particularly with regards to building leadership capacity. This article draws from a small research project that explored the role of the professional leader supporting teachers within kindergartens and early childhood centres in a large geographically dispersed kindergarten association in Aotearoa New Zealand. The findings highlighted the need for leaders to be authentic in their practice and that building leadership capacity in others was evidence of authentic leadership. Taking cognisance of these findings the professional leadership team within the researcher’s organisation has endeavoured to implement practices that support a model of heterarchy or distributed leadership through collaboration and consultation.
How do teachers support children’s social–emotional competence? Strategies for teachers
Authors: McLaughlin Tara , Aspden Karyn , Clarke Linda
Published: January 2018

Social–emotional skills provide a critical foundation for learning and wellbeing in early childhood and beyond. In this article we present specific teaching strategies that teachers can implement within the context of supportive, responsive relationships to foster young children’s developing social–emotional competence. The teaching strategies represent practices that have been identified and validated by a range of New Zealand kindergarten teachers and stakeholders from a larger research project focusing on teacher practices. The role of teachers’ intentionality and pedagogical decision making is discussed to ensure practices identified are implemented in developmentally, culturally, and individually appropriate ways in New Zealand early childhood settings.
Global how? – Linking practice to theory: A competency model for training global learning facilitators
Authors: Büker Gundula , Schell-Straub Sigrid
Published: January 2018

Global learning facilitators from civil society organizations (CSOs) design and enrich educational processes in formal and non-formal educational settings. They need to be empowered through adequate training opportunities in global learning (GL) contexts. The project Facilitating Global
Learning – Key Competences from Members of European CSOs (FGL) answered the need for state-of-the-art training about the theory and practice of GL by developing a training curriculum for GL training contexts based on a jointly developed competency model for GL facilitators. This article
describes crucial elements of GL facilitator training and the competency model for a training curriculum tested in three European countries (Germany, Portugal and Romania). Coming from, and having been created for, GL practice, the model is reflected on critically in the article, regarding
its potential for further development in both academic and practical contexts.
Anticorrosion behaviour of amorphous silicon-based coatings prepared by remote cold plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition process
Authors: Delimi A.
Published: January 2018

Organosilicon films were deposited on carbon steel samples using remote microwave nitrogen plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The deposits were obtained using TetraMethyDisoloxane monomer mixed with oxygen. The formed films were characterised using electron microprobe analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the organosilicon coatings were evaluated using gravimetric experiments next to electrochemical tests. A significant increase in the corrosion resistance behaviour of the organosilicon coated carbon steel specimen was found when the samples were immersed in 3% aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Also, the surface pre-treatment process of carbon steel had an important influence on the morphological and electrochemical behaviour. Argon pre-treatment improves significantly the corrosion resistance or organosilicon coated steel samples. Gravimetric tests in particular showed that samples pre-treated with argon result in lower weight loss and decreased corrosion rates compared to interfaces pre-treated with nitrogen plasma. Keywords: PACVD, carbon steel, organ silicon, corrosion, pre-treatment, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Effect of physical and geometrical parameters on low-velocity impact response of sandwich beams with carbon nanotube reinforced face sheets
Authors: Salami S. Jedari
Published: January 2018

The response of sandwich beam with carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composite face sheets and soft core when subjected to the action of an impacting mass is analysed theoretically. Contact force between the impactor and the beam is obtained using the conventional Hertz law. The field equations are derived via the Ritz based applied to the total energy of the system. The solution is obtained in the time domain by implementing the well-known Runge–Kutta method. After examining the validity of the present solution, the effects of distribution of CNTs, nanotube volume fraction, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, initial velocity of the impactor and the impactor mass are studied in detail. Finally, it is concluded that, the highest peak contact force and the lowest indentation of the top face sheet belong to the sandwich beam with V-distribution figure of face sheet, followed by the uniformly distributed and Λ-ones, respectively. Keywords: Carbon nanotube fibers, sandwich beam, soft core.