bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esplendor y decadencia del cultivo de caña en el Caribe. La mirada de National Geographic
Authors: Muñoz Mata Laura
Published: June 2017

El trabajo analiza el discurso visual promovido por la revista National Geographic a lo largo de varias décadas del siglo XX durante las cuales se desarrolló la industrialización azucarera bajo la égida del capital estadounidense. Las fotografías publicadas, utilizadas aquí como documentos históricos, son viñetas que dan cuenta de un proceso que inicia con la promoción del espacio para el cultivo, muestra las condiciones propicias para desarrollarlo, el crecimiento de la producción, sus elevados niveles de exportación y la decadencia de la actividad.
Conde arriba, Conde abajo
Authors: San Miguel Pedro L.
Published: June 2017

Conde arriba, Conde abajo, una crónica visual en blanco y negro con altos contrastes realizadas por Pedro L. San Miguel. Fotografías cuyo protagonista es la vida misma, el reflejo, la semejanza, el recuerdo, la metáfora. Se anticipa al momento en el flujo constante de la vida y lo capta en un suspiro, en una fracción de segundos. Sorprendien- do a la vida misma, la transparencia de lo cotidiano, una historia dentro del cuadro, tratando de crear fotografía con sus propias pe- culiaridades más allá de lo anecdótico, reconociendo en la realidad el ritmo de las líneas, las texturas, los gestos, los sueños y hasta los miedos.
Investigation of P120catenin Expression in Human Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Bartoš Vladimír , Kullová Milada
Published: June 2017

Background: P120(ctn) is a specific membranous adhesion protein, that maintains the stability of intercellular junctions. An altered expression of p120(ctn), either reduced in the cell membrane or increase in the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. No research has analysed the expression of p120(ctn) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin so far. Therefore, we immunohistochemically studied p120(ctn) in a set of cutaneous BCCs in order to determine, whether there is difference in the expression pattern related to the histologic subtypes and tumor growth characteristics. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 38 BCCs cathegorized into low-risk (non-infiltrative) subroup (8 superficial and 12 nodular subtypes) and high-risk (infiltrative) subgroup (10 nodular-infiltrative and 8 infiltrative subtypes). Specific monoclonal antibody against p120(ctn) was used for staining. Results: Overall, there were 12 cases (31.6%) with normal preserved and 26 cases (68.4%) with abnormal p120(ctn) expression. In superficial, nodular, nodular-infiltrative and infiltrative subtypes, abnormal p120(ctn) immunoreactivity was found in 37.5% (3/8), 41.7% (5/12), 100% (10/10) and 100% (8/8), respectively. We have confirmed a strong correlation between the expression of p120(ctn) and both given, non-infiltrative and infiltrative BCC growth phenotypes. In the latter subgroup, almost all lesions showed diffusely reduced membranous staining, of which five also manifested an aberrant immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic positivity occurred solely at the invasive front of the infiltrative tumor formations. Conclusion: Our results showed that decreased membranous expression of p120(ctn) was a frequent event in human cutaneous BCC and it was associated with infiltrative growth phenotype. Considering that nearly half of the BCCs with non-infiltrative growth pattern also exhibited reduced membranous expression, aberrant cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of p120(ctn), which was found exclusively in the high-risk BCC variants, can more reliably reflect and predict biological behaviour and malignant potential.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of the Central Compartmentʼs Lymph Nodes Metastases
Authors: Sojak Ján , Sičák Marián , Kališ Adrian , Slašťan Michal
Published: June 2017

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is typical by regional lymph nodes metastases. Therefore we decided to analyse associated risk factors. Objective: In this retrospective study we focused on the incidence of metastatic involvement of the central compartment’s lymph nodes correlated with age, size of the primary tumour, infiltration of thyroid gland capsule, positive lymphangioinvasion in order to assess risk factors. Method: We analysed group of 156 patients with papillary carcinoma, who have undergone total thyroidectomy and bilateral elective central compartment neck dissection. We evaluated the occurrence of metastases, size, infiltration and lymphangioinvasion based on definitive histology of the whole group and separately for subgroups of patients under and over 45 years. Result: We found metastatic involvement in 88 (56.4%) patients. When comparing the subgroups of patients under (73 patients) and over 45 years (83 patients), we found metastases in 56 vs. 32 (76.7% vs. 38.6%) patients. In the subgroup of younger patients we found significant higher incidence of metastases compared with the group of over 45 years, P < 0.001 (P = 0.000027). We found significant higher incidence of metastases in patients with positive capsule infiltration in the whole group, P < 0.001 (P = 0.00049); in the subgroup of under 45 years, P < 0.001 (P = 0.00091) and in patients with positive lymphangioinvasion in the whole group, P < 0.01 (P = 0.00177); in the subgroup of over 45 years, P < 0.001 (P = 0.0002). In patients with metastases we found tumour size ≥1cm more frequently in all groups. Conclusion: We recorded higher incidence of regional metastases in patients under 45 years, positive capsule infiltration, lymphangioinvasion. Age under 45 years itself does not correlate with less aggressive disease, to the contrary some of other analysed risk factors correlate with more aggressive disease.
A Japanese-American Sam Spade: The Metaphysical Detective in Death in Little Tokyo, by Dale Furutani
Authors: Portilho Carla
Published: June 2017

The aim of this essay is to discuss the legacy of the roman noir in contemporary detective fiction produced outside the hegemonic center of power, here represented by the novel Death in Little Tokyo (1996), written by Japanese-American author Dale Furutani. Starting from the concept of the metaphysical detective (Haycraft 76; Holquist 153-156), characterized by deep questioning about narrative, interpretation, subjectivity, the nature of reality and the limits of knowledge, this article proposes a discussion about how these literary works, which at first sight represent a traditionally Anglo-American genre, constitute narratives that aim to rescue the memory, history and culture of marginalized communities. Typical of late modernity detective fiction, the metaphysical detective has none of the positivistic detective’s certainties, as he does not share in his Cartesian notion of totality, being presented instead as a successor of the hardboiled detective of the roman noir. In this article I intend to analyze the paths chosen by the author and discuss how his re-reading of the roman noir dialogues with the texts of hegemonic noire detective fiction, inscribing them in literary tradition and subverting them at the same time.
Real-practice thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Deambrosis Paola , Bettiol Alessandra , Bolcato Jenny , Pirolo Roberta , Franchin Giulia , Themistoclakis Sakis , Pellizzari Michele , Chinellato Alessandro , Giusti Pietro
Published: June 2017

This retrospective observational study was based on databases of the Local Health Authority of Treviso, Italy. It evaluated the prevalence and the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation treatment (OAT) for the management of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in everyday clinical practice. Out of 6,138 NVAF patients, only 3,024 received vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Potential barriers decreasing the probability of being treated with VKA were female sex, older age, antiplatelet treatment and history of bleeding. In addition, VKA-treatment was not in line with current ESC and AIAC guidelines, since the patients at high or low risk of stroke were under- or over-treated, resp. Among VKAtreated patients, 73 % of subjects were not at target with anticoagulation. OAT resulted to be effective in reducing stroke risk. However, stroke events were significantly influenced also by previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (hazard ratio, HR = 2.99, p < 0.001) and by previous bleeding events (HR = 1.60, p < 0.001).
Relationship between Upper Body Strength and Performance at Canoe Freestyle
Authors: Csonková Nina , Kutlík Dušan
Published: June 2017

Performance in all canoe disciplines is based on the physical condition of the paddler and his technique and mental ability to adapt to the racing condition. The strength belongs to the most important physical factors in canoe sprint and canoe slalom disciplines. We believed that in canoe freestyle the strength has an important role in relation to the performance in comparison to other canoe disciplines. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between upper body strength and special canoe freestyle performance. The study group consisted of 16 senior kayak freestyle paddlers in the age group 26 ± 3 years old. Fitro Dyne Premium was device used to obtain data for analysis of the level of general upper body strength abilities. To determine special upper body strength we used tests on paddle machine and freestyle kayaking flat water tests. Freestyle performance was measured during ECA Euro Cup 2013 competition in Slovakia, Čunovo by official ICF judges. The data obtained were measured by the Spearman Correlation (r) correlation test. The results of the study show significant relations between kayak freestyle performance and test of general strength endurance (p < 0.05), special strength endurance, special dynamic strength (p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant correlations between kayak freestyle performance and general maximal power, dynamic strength, special maximal power.
Muscle Power and Velocity During Trunk Rotations after 6 Weeks of Training in Ice-Hockey Players
Authors: Poór Oliver , Glevaňák Dominik , Zemková Erika
Published: June 2017

The study evaluates changes of muscle power and velocity during trunk rotations in ice-hockey players after six weeks of training in competition period. A group of 15 ice-hockey players performed 2 trunk rotations to each direction in a standing position with barbell of 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 26 kg placed on the shoulders. Basic biomechanical parameters during the movement were monitored using the FiTRO Torso Dyne system. Results showed that mean velocity in acceleration phase of trunk rotation significantly increased after 6 weeks of training at 6 kg (from 259 to 282.6 deg/s, p = 0.003) and 12 kg (from 218.8 to 244.1 deg/s p = 0.004). However, its values did not changed significantly during rotations with 10, 16, 20, 22 and 26 kg. Mean power of trunk rotation did not changed significantly with any of used weight. These findings indicate that there are only small changes in muscle power in competition period of ice hockey-players.
Identification and characterization of non-phosphorylcholine-binding and phosphorylcholine-binding proteins of canine seminal plasma
Authors: Mogielnicka-Brzozowska Marzena , Słowińska Mariola , Fraser Leyland , Wysocki Paweł , Strzeżek Rafał , Wasilewska Karolina , Kordan Władysław
Published: June 2017

Seminal plasma (SP) proteins participate in the process of fertilization by binding to the sperm membrane, particularly to the phosphorylcholine-containing lipids. This study aimed to identify and characterize non-phosphorylcholine-binding and phosphorylcholine-binding proteins (nPch- BPs and PchBPs, respectively) of canine SP. The nPchBPs and PchBPs were isolated from canine SP by affinity chromatography. Electrophoretic studies revealed that the nPchBPs and PchBPs occurred in their native state as high-molecular-weight aggregates. Immunofluorescent staining showed preferential binding of nPchBPs to the sperm acrosome membrane, whereas PchBPs coating was uniformly distributed on the sperm post-acrosomal membrane, mid-piece and tail regions. Analysis with mass spectrometry confirmed that canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) is a component of the nPchBPs and PchBPs, which is implicated in key mechanisms of protein-coating on the sperm plasma membrane surface. In addition, proteins of known binding properties such as prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase and lipocalin-like 1 protein, identified in canine SP, might have a specific role in the fertilization-associated processes.
Study on energy distributions of strong seismic events in the USCB
Authors: Bracławska Agnieszka , Idziak Adam F.
Published: June 2017

The paper presents the statistical analysis of energy distribution of strong seismic shocks (energy E ≥ 105 J) occurred in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin which is one of the most seismically active mining areas in the world. In the USCB tremor epicenters do not occur uniformly throughout the whole basin but group in several regions belonging to different structural units and are separated by regions where strong shocks are not observed. The aim of the studies was to determine the modality of the energy distributions and to compare the modal types in regions of the USCB where the shocks epicenters cluster. An analysis was made for shocks with energies equal to or greater than 105 J recorded by Upper Silesian Regional Seismological Network operated by Central Mining Institute (CMI), which took place between 1987 – 2012. The analysis has proven the bimodality of seismic energy distribution in the three of five studied areas of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The Gumbel’s distribution II type best fit the experimental energy distribution for almost all studied tectonic units except the main syncline area, where the Gumbel’s distribution I type matched better the low-energy mode. This is due to too short time window, causing a shortage of the strongest shocks in seismic catalogue.
Seeking Refuge: Implications when Integrating Refugee and Asylum Seeker Students into a Mainstream Australian School
Authors: Wiseman Martin , O’Gorman Shannon
Published: June 2017

This article describes one school’s response to the inclusion and education of refugee and asylum seeker students within a mainstream educational setting. Australian government statistics released on 31 March 2016 stated that there were presently 50 children being held on Nauru, 17 children held in detention on the mainland and 317 children held in community detention on the mainland (ChilOut, 2016). Refugee and asylum seeking students are subject to the impact of war and conflict; the cumulative time spent in detention may severely limit a young person’s access to formal education. Whilst it is understood that children will benefit from access to education, the reality is that “little appears to have been written on asylum seekers” in an educational context (Reakes, 2007, p. 94). This represents a concern when it is acknowledged that “sustaining teachers in culturally and linguistically diverse schools has been a prominent issue for years” (Williams, Edwards, Kuhel, & Lim, 2016, p. 17). This article responds to the limitations of current literature by articulating considerations that would likely assist other schools seeking to establish similar inclusive frameworks. Specifically, the thematic grouping of staff observations seek to articulate the cultural considerations that likely influence the sustainability of an inclusive and liberating approach to integrative school enrolment. This paper draws on the authors’ observations and experiences in schools, the published literature and the observations of the two authors – specifically, drawing on their educational and therapeutic expertise. These observations are then grouped into themes outlined by Akinsulure-Smith and O’Hara (2012) as key reasons for therapeutic referral, namely: employment barriers, medical challenges, language barriers, social services and legal challenges.
Interrelations in the Development of Primary School Learners’ Creative Imagination and Creative Activity When Depicting a Portrait in Visual Art Lessons
Authors: Šļahova Aleksandra , Volonte Ilze , Čačka Māris
Published: June 2017

Creative imagination is a psychic process of creating a new original image, idea or art work based on the acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities as well as on the experience of creative activity.

The best of all primary school learners’ creative imagination develops at the lessons of visual art, aimed at teaching them to understand what is beautiful in art, as well as through their being involved in the creative process and creating art works themselves.

This paper provides the characterization of the psychological process of imagination, and deals with the importance and dynamics of the development of primary school learners’ creative imagination in lessons of visual art when depicting a portrait, and it also looks at a visual art teacher’s role in organizing the educational process of developing learners’ creative imagination in a sustainable education process.
240+239Pu depositional signatures as a viable geochronological tool in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Sanders Luciana M , Taffs Kathryn H , Stokes Debra , Enrich-Prast Alex , Sanders Christian J
Published: June 2017

Anthropogenic radionuclide signatures associated with nuclear testing are increasingly utilized in environmental science to explore recent sedimentation. In this study, we assess the suitability of Pu radioisotope analysis in floodplain lake environments in the Amazon Basin to form geochronologies during the 20th century. The 240Pu + 239Pu (240+239Pu) signatures in six sediment cores indicate sediment accumulation rates in the floodplain lakes of the major rivers; Amazon (2.3 mm year-1), Tapajos (10.2 and 2.4 mm year-1) and Madeira (3.4, 4.2 and 6.2 mm year-1). The results from this study show that 240+239Pu fallout activities, and the well documented (240Pu/239Pu) atomic ratios of the above ground nuclear tests which began in the 1950’s, are sufficient and well preserved in Amazon floodplain lake sediments to infer chronologies. Lead-210 dating analyses in the same sediment cores produced comparable sediment accumulation rates at three of the six sites. The differences between dating methods may be attributed to the different time scale these dating methods represent and/or in the solubility between Pb and Pu along the sediment column. The geochronologies derived from the 240+239Pu and 210Pb dating methods outlined in this work are of interest to identify the effects of changing sediment accumulation rates during the previous century as a result of development, including deforestation, along the Amazon Basin which increased towards the middle of the 20th century. This study shows that Pu dating provides a viable alternative geochronology tool for recent sediment accumulation (previous ~60 years) along the Amazon Basin.
Dissonance between physicians’ and patients’ perspectives on managing impaired morning function in Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Cha Hoon-Suk , Perez Emmanuel C , Tsay Gregory J , Yoon Kam Hon
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of impaired morning function (IMF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to understand physicians’ and patients’ perceptions on the impact of IMF and treatment in selected Asian countries.

Methods

A survey on the impact of IMF was conducted in Asia on rheumatologists and patients with moderate-to-severe RA who experienced IMF for ≥3 mornings a week. Participants underwent comprehensive face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires.

Results

Sixty physicians and 300 patients from Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan were surveyed. Rheumatologists estimated that two-thirds of patients with RA experienced IMF and believed that the prevalence of IMF increased with RA severity (present in 42%, 73%, and 87% of patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively). Patients’ survey revealed that, on an average, patients with RA experienced IMF 5 days a week for 2 h each day. Thirty-eight percent of patients with RA considered a reduction in morning stiffness as an important treatment goal, but this was agreed by only 3% of rheumatologists. Only 22% of rheumatologists modified the treatment regimen specifically for IMF. Physicians considered prednisolone and other glucocorticoids (GCs) to be the most effective medication for the treatment of IMF. Fifty-one percent of patients with RA did not find their current medication effective in relieving IMF, and as a result, they reported negative emotions such as frustration, defeat, and anger, and 56% had missed work because of this symptom.

Conclusions

IMF is prevalent in RA and significantly affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). A higher proportion of patients compared to physicians view the reduction of morning stiffness as an important goal. More should be done to address the dissonance between physicians’ and patients’ views on IMF.
Performance und Inszenierungen als „Objekte“ in Portalen
Authors: Schild Margret
Published: June 2017

Das Theatermuseum Düsseldorf sammelt, erschließt und präsentiert deutsche Theatergeschichte am Beispiel der Stadt Düsseldorf und der Region (NRW). Die Dokumentation dieses immateriellen Kulturgutes erfolgt gemeinsam mit den anderen Düsseldorfer Kulturinstituten im Verbund d:kult (Digitales Kunst- und Kulturarchiv Düsseldorf). Inszenierungen stehen im Mittelpunkt der Erschließung in Verbindung mit damit verknüpften vielfältigen physischen Objekten. Die Inszenierungen werden in der Datenbank als virtuelle Objekte erfasst und so an die lokalen, nationalen und internationalen Portale (d:kult online, Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek, Europeana) weiter gegeben. Bei der Weitergabe an Portale werden die vielfältigen Beziehungen auf zwei Varianten reduziert (verbundene und assoziierte Objekte). Fachspezifische Aspekte lassen sich im Exportformat LIDO noch nicht ausreichend spiegeln, obwohl es sich um ein ereignisorientiertes Format handelt. Hilfreich wäre hier eine verstärkte und normierte Präsentation von Beständen anderer theaterbezogener Sammlungen.
Improved metabolic control in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), responsive phenylketonuria with sapropterin administered in two divided doses vs. a single daily dose
Authors: Kör Deniz , Yılmaz Berna Şeker , Bulut Fatma Derya , Ceylaner Serdar , Mungan Neslihan Önenli
Published: June 2017

Background:

Phenylketonuria (PKU) often requires a lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet. Introduction of 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has made a huge difference in the diets of patients with PKU. BH4 is the co-factor of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and improves PAH activity and, thus, Phe tolerance in the diet. A limited number of published studies suggest a pharmacodynamic profile of BH4 more suitable to be administered in divided daily doses.

Methods:

After a 72-h BH4 loading test, sapropterin was initiated in 50 responsive patients. This case-control study was conducted by administering the same daily dose of sapropterin in group 1 (n=24) as a customary single dose or in two divided doses in group 2 (n=26) over 1 year.

Results:

Mean daily consumption of Phe increased significantly after the first year of BH4 treatment in group 2 compared to group 1 (p<0.05). At the end of the first year of treatment with BH4, another dramatic difference observed between the two groups was the ability to transition to a Phe-free diet. Eight patients from group 2 and two from group 1 could quit dietary restriction.

Conclusions:

When given in two divided daily doses, BH4 was more efficacious than a single daily dose in increasing daily Phe consumption, Phe tolerance and the ability to transition to a Phe-unrestricted diet at the end of the first year of treatment.
An evaluation of the effect of botanical insecticide, palizin in comparison with chemical insecticide, imidacloprid on the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe and its natural enemy, Aphidius colemani Viereck
Authors: Gholamzadeh-Chitgar Moloud , Pourmoradi Sadegh
Published: June 2017

The black citrus aphid,Toxoptera aurantiiBoyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of citrus species, feeds by sucking sap from plant leaves. It causes some leaf distortion and malformation of growing leaves and shoot tips. In this study, the effects of the botanical insecticide, palizin onT. aurantiiand its parasitoid,Aphidius colemaniViereck (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae) were compared with the chemical insecticide, imidacloprid. The compounds were evaluated at maximum recommended field concentrations: palizin 2,000 ppm, imidacloprid 500 ppm, water (as control) on adult aphids. Spraying was done with a 100-l engine Honda sprayer (GX120T1, 160T1, 200T) until run-off. The number of dead aphids was recorded 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. According to the results, statistically significant differences were found between treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Twenty-four hours after treatment, imidacloprid was more effective than palizin in reducing theT. aurantiipopulation. Palizin showed high efficiency (95% mortality) 72 hours after treatment. However, at that time, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean mortality percentages of imidacloprid and palizin. This shows that botanical insecticide, palizin can effectively controlT. aurantii. Also, palizin caused low mortality (10.86%) onA. colemaniwhile imidacloprid was more toxic (31.1% mortality). The results of the present study indicated that palizin can be used instead of chemical insecticide, imidacloprid in control programs ofT. aurantii.
The first law of cubology for the Rubik’s Revenge
Authors: Bonzio Stefano , Loi Andrea , Peruzzi Luisa
Published: June 2017

We state and prove the first law of cubology of the Rubik’s Revenge and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a randomly assembled Rubik’s Revenge to be solvable.
Systems of conditionally independent sets
Authors: Jahoda Pavel , Jahodová Monika
Published: June 2017

The concept of conditionally independent sets is introduced in this article. Its link with the concept of the conditional probability and with the concept of a system of independent sets is described here. Furthermore, particular example of a system of conditionally independent sets is given and different ways to create the system of conditionally independent sets are described.
On the k-th order lfsr sequence with public key cryptosystems
Authors: Kirlar Bariş Bülent , Çİl Melek
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we propose a novel encryption scheme based on the concepts of the commutative law of the k-th order linear recurrences over the finite field 𝔽
q
for k > 2. The proposed encryption scheme is an ephemeral-static, which is useful in situations like email where the recipient may not be online. The security of the proposed encryption scheme depends on the difficulty of solving some Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) problems. It has also the property of semantic security. For k = 2, we propose another encryption scheme by using the commutative law of Lucas and Fibonacci sequences having also the same security as proposed for k > 2.
Some remarks on formal power series and formal Laurent series
Authors: Bugajewski Dariusz , Gan Xiao-Xiong
Published: June 2017

In this article we consider the topology on the set of formal Laurent series induced by the ultrametric defined via the order. In particular, we establish that the product of formal Laurent series, considered in [GAN, X. X.—BUGAJEWSKI, D.:On formal Laurent series, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. 42 (2011), 415–437], is not continuous. We also show some applications of fixed point theorems to some nonlinear mappings defined on the space of formal power series or on the space of formal Laurent series. Finally, in the second part of the paper, we propose another approach to study of dot product and multiplication of formal Laurent series, in particular establishing integral representation of dot product and convolution representation of multiplication.
The geometry of two-valued subsets of Lp
-spaces
Authors: Weston Anthony
Published: June 2017

Let 𝓜(Ω, μ) denote the algebra of all scalar-valued measurable functions on a measure space (Ω, μ). Let B ⊂ 𝓜(Ω, μ) be a set of finitely supported measurable functions such that the essential range of each f ∈ B is a subset of {0,1}. The main result of this paper shows that for any p ∈ (0, ∞), B has strict p-negative type when viewed as a metric subspace of L

p
(Ω, μ) if and only if B is an affinely independent subset of 𝓜(Ω, μ) (when 𝓜(Ω, μ) is considered as a real vector space). It follows that every two-valued (Schauder) basis of L

p
(Ω, μ) has strict p-negative type. For instance, for each p ∈ (0, ∞), the system of Walsh functions in L

p
[0,1] is seen to have strict p-negative type. The techniques developed in this paper also provide a systematic way to construct, for any p ∈ (2, ∞), subsets of L

p
(Ω, μ) that have p-negative type but not q-negative type for any q > p. Such sets preclude the existence of certain types of isometry into L

p
-spaces.
The First Two Viennese Productions of Prodaná nevěsta and Their Performers
Authors: Reittererová Vlasta
Published: June 2017

In June of 1892, Smetana’s Prodaná nevěsta (The Bartered Bride) was heard in Vienna for the first time as part of a guest appearance by the Czech National Theatre at the International Musical and Theatrical Exhibition. The clear success of the opera and of the performances of the National Theatre ensemble was reflected in the reviews of the Viennese critics, who were calling for German-language performances of Prodaná nevěsta on the stage of the Court Opera. On the basis of information from the archives of the Court Opera (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv), one can document the reasons why, as it turned out, the first Viennese (and German-language) stage to produce the opera was the Theater an der Wien in April 1893, and why the premiere at the Court Opera did not occur until three years later. The study also devotes attention to the first performers for both productions of Prodaná nevěsta and to the circumstances of the two Viennese premieres, which opened up the pathway to other stages around the world after a thirty-year delay.
Sources of Lute- and Guitar Music in the Holdings of the National Museum in Prague
Authors: Študent Miloslav
Published: June 2017

This study gives an overview of lute and guitar tablatures in the holdings of the National Museum (at the Czech Museum of Music and the National Museum Library), and it briefly characterizes them in the form of a catalogue. Since music from the Strahov and Lobkowicz collections, which also involve a rather large set of tablatures, has been returned to its original owners in restitution, the study provides up-to-date information about where this historical material is now kept. It reflects new knowledge and discoveries (lute tablature with the shelf mark KNM Nostic gg 412). The composers presented (e.g. G. P. Foscarini, P. Mutti, N. Vallet, Ch. Mouton, P. I. Jelínek, A. Dix, M. Galilei, J. Dowland, Ch. de Lespine, J. Regnart, S. L. Jacobides, J. Ch. Beyer and many others), living and working in the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, are primarily Italian, French, German, and Czech, and with respect to social classes, they represent practically all of the environments where playing on plucked instruments was cultivated.
Crystal structure of diaqua-(2,2′-(butane-1,4-diyl)-bis(5-carboxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato)-κ4
O,O′,N,N′)cadmium(II) monohydrate, C14H18O11N4Cd
Authors: Li Ya-Xue , Wen Dong-Xiao , An Meng-Jin , Yang Huai-Xia
Published: June 2017

C14H18CdN4O11N4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.5135(3) Å, b = 9.8632(3) Å, c = 11.1419(4) Å, α = 83.239(1)°, β = 82.000(1)°, γ = 61.461(1)°, V = 907.93(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0288, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0781, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(ethoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenolato-κ2
O,N)copper(II), C36H38CuN4O6
Authors: Zhao Li , An Qin-Qin , Zhao Ji-Xing , Li Peng-Peng , Wang Fei
Published: June 2017

C36H38CuN4O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.7510(12) Å, b = 6.4718(7) Å, c = 24.254(2) Å, β = 101.99(1)°, V = 1650.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0525, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1621, T = 293(2) K.
Trinitarian Paradigm for Dialogue
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej
Published: June 2017

A dialogue as a social reality consists, first and foremost, in communication between those who realize that they are called to notice and to accept the other and to treat him or her with proper respect. Such a dialogue may be motivated either by the desire to share the good or by the willingness to avoid conflict. The aforementioned approaches are marked by distinctly different attitudes, which are not only rooted in two different methodologies and have two different aims, but they also encompass two diverse procedures. More importantly, engaging in dialogue may also be motivated by realizing one’s own mission in life, i.e. acting in harmony with the spiritual nature of the human being, who is a relational being. Upon realizing his or her likeness to the Triune God, i.e. the inseparable communion of the Divine Persons, a Christian discovers that the Holy Trinity constitutes the model and source for his or her own involvement in maintaining relationships with other people.

Chiara Lubich, the founder of the Focolare Movement was a contemporary thinker, who had realized and creatively developed the human vocation for unity in the likeness of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. This movement, founded by Lubich, has both lay and consecrated members who are devoted to building the culture of unity based upon promoting dialogue as a tool for interpersonal communication. The aim of this article is to present the spiritual experience of Chiara Lubich, which marks the origin of this new concept of a dialogue rooted in the mystery of Divine unity.
Level of Assurance Management Automation for Dynamic Identity Federations based on Vectors of Trust
Authors: Hommel Wolfgang , Grabatin Michael , Metzger Stefan , Pöhn Daniela
Published: June 2017

Accessing remote IT services through identity federations (IFs) is based on solid technical protocols such as the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and OpenID Connect. However, reliable delegated user authentication and authorization also pose organizational challenges regarding the quality management of user data. Level of Assurance (LoA) concepts have been adapted and applied to IFs, but their inhomogeneous proliferation bears the risk of aggravating instead of simplifying the manual work steps. This is increased by the providing IT services for multiple or dynamically set up IFs. This article presents a novel LoA management approach that has been designed for a high degree of automation, adopts the approach for the dynamic metadata exchange by GÉANT-TrustBroker and exemplifies its usage.
Providing Information Centricity in Today’s Internet via Software-Defined Networking and In-Network Processing
Authors: Gerhard Tim , Schwerdel Dennis , Müller Paul
Published: June 2017

The Internet is a successful network that connects people all over the world. However, it has some fundamental architectural problems which require application developers and service providers to spend a tremendous effort in combating these. Examples for these efforts are content delivery networks or mobile TCP. Thus, it can be said that the Internet is currently not fulfilling the requirements on the global network anymore. The Internet of the future, or its replacement, must solve these problems.

There are multiple clean-slate approaches for information-centric networking. However, they are inherently incompatible to the Internet or applications building on it.

This work presents a novel resource transport protocol that is optimized for detection by software-defined networks and may be re-routed to in-network processors. Furthermore, it is shown how this protocol can be used to support concepts of ICN even in today’s Internet. Moreover, the resource format that is used in this work is independent from the underlying network, resulting in possible reuse in other networks as well. Applications and protocols building on this resource format can thus easily be re-used in clean-slate networks like NDN.
Aeronautical Inspirations in Biomechanics
Authors: Maroński Ryszard
Published: June 2017

Introduction. The goal of the paper is to show that some problems formulated in the dynamics of atmospheric flight are very similar to the problems formulated in the biomechanics of motion and medicine. Three problems were compared: minimumheat transfer from the boundary layer to the ballistic missile skin, minimum-time ski descent, and the minimisation of the negative cumulated effect of the drug in cancer chemotherapy. Material and methods. All these problems are solved using the same method originally developed for aerospace systems - the method of Miele (the extremisation method of linear integrals via Green’s theorem). Results. It is shown that the problems arising in different branches of knowledge are very similar in problem formulations, mathematical models, and solution methods used. Conclusions. There are no barriers between different disciplines.
Empirical Investigation of Optimization Algorithms in Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Bahar Parnia , Alkhouli Tamer , Peter Jan-Thorsten , Brix Christopher Jan-Steffen , Ney Hermann
Published: June 2017

Training neural networks is a non-convex and a high-dimensional optimization problem. In this paper, we provide a comparative study of the most popular stochastic optimization techniques used to train neural networks. We evaluate the methods in terms of convergence speed, translation quality, and training stability. In addition, we investigate combinations that seek to improve optimization in terms of these aspects. We train state-of-the-art attention-based models and apply them to perform neural machine translation. We demonstrate our results on two tasks: WMT 2016 En→Ro and WMT 2015 De→En.
Evaluating the Usability of a Controlled Language Authoring Assistant
Authors: Miyata Rei , Hartley Anthony , Kageura Kyo , Paris Cécile
Published: June 2017

This paper presents experimental results of a usability evaluation of a controlled language (CL) authoring assistant designed to help non-professional writers create machine translatable source texts. As the author drafts the text, the system detects CL rule violations and proscribed terms. It also incorporates several support functions to facilitate rephrasing of the source. In order to assess the usability of the system, we conducted a rewriting experiment, in which we compared two groups of participants, one with the aid of the system and the other without it. The results revealed that our system helped reduce the number of CL violations by about 9% and the time to correct violations by more than 30%. The CL-applied source text resulted in higher fluency and adequacy of MT outputs. Questionnaire and interview results also implied the improved satisfaction with the task completion of those participants who used the system.
Towards Optimizing MT for Post-Editing Effort: Can BLEU Still Be Useful?
Authors: Forcada Mikel L. , Sánchez-Martínez Felipe , Esplà-Gomis Miquel , Specia Lucia
Published: June 2017

We propose a simple, linear-combination automatic evaluation measure (AEM) to approximate post-editing (PE) effort. Effort is measured both as PE time and as the number of PE operations performed. The ultimate goal is to define an AEM that can be used to optimize machine translation (MT) systems to minimize PE effort, but without having to perform unfeasible repeated PE during optimization. As PE effort is expected to be an extensive magnitude (i.e., one growing linearly with the sentence length and which may be simply added to represent the effort for a set of sentences), we use a linear combination of extensive and pseudo-extensive features. One such pseudo-extensive feature, 1–BLEU times the length of the reference, proves to be almost as good a predictor of PE effort as the best combination of extensive features. Surprisingly, effort predictors computed using independently obtained reference translations perform reasonably close to those using actual post-edited references. In the early stage of this research and given the inherent complexity of carrying out experiments with professional post-editors, we decided to carry out an automatic evaluation of the AEMs proposed rather than a manual evaluation to measure the effort needed to post-edit the output of an MT system tuned on these AEMs. The results obtained seem to support current tuning practice using BLEU, yet pointing at some limitations. Apart from this intrinsic evaluation, an extrinsic evaluation was also carried out in which the AEMs proposed were used to build synthetic training corpora for MT quality estimation, with results comparable to those obtained when training with measured PE efforts.
Rule-Based Machine Translation for the Italian–Sardinian Language Pair
Authors: Tyers Francis M. , Alòs i Font Hèctor , Fronteddu Gianfranco , Martín-Mor Adrià
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the process of creation of the first machine translation system from Italian to Sardinian, a Romance language spoken on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. The project was carried out by a team of translators and computational linguists. The article focuses on the technology used (Rule-Based Machine Translation) and on some of the rules created, as well as on the orthographic model used for Sardinian.
Applying N-gram Alignment Entropy to Improve Feature Decay Algorithms
Authors: Poncelas Alberto , Maillette de Buy Wenniger Gideon , Way Andy
Published: June 2017

Data Selection is a popular step in Machine Translation pipelines. Feature Decay Algorithms (FDA) is a technique for data selection that has shown a good performance in several tasks. FDA aims to maximize the coverage of n-grams in the test set. However, intuitively, more ambiguous n-grams require more training examples in order to adequately estimate their translation probabilities. This ambiguity can be measured by alignment entropy. In this paper we propose two methods for calculating the alignment entropies for n-grams of any size, which can be used for improving the performance of FDA. We evaluate the substitution of the n-gram-specific entropy values computed by these methods to the parameters of both the exponential and linear decay factor of FDA. The experiments conducted on German-to-English and Czech-to-English translation demonstrate that the use of alignment entropies can lead to an increase in the quality of the results of FDA.
Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English
Authors: Ataman Duygu , Negri Matteo , Turchi Marco , Federico Marcello
Published: June 2017

The necessity of using a fixed-size word vocabulary in order to control the model complexity in state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) systems is an important bottleneck on performance, especially for morphologically rich languages. Conventional methods that aim to overcome this problem by using sub-word or character-level representations solely rely on statistics and disregard the linguistic properties of words, which leads to interruptions in the word structure and causes semantic and syntactic losses. In this paper, we propose a new vocabulary reduction method for NMT, which can reduce the vocabulary of a given input corpus at any rate while also considering the morphological properties of the language. Our method is based on unsupervised morphology learning and can be, in principle, used for pre-processing any language pair. We also present an alternative word segmentation method based on supervised morphological analysis, which aids us in measuring the accuracy of our model. We evaluate our method in Turkish-to-English NMT task where the input language is morphologically rich and agglutinative. We analyze different representation methods in terms of translation accuracy as well as the semantic and syntactic properties of the generated output. Our method obtains a significant improvement of 2.3 BLEU points over the conventional vocabulary reduction technique, showing that it can provide better accuracy in open vocabulary translation of morphologically rich languages.
Palaeopathological Evidence of Infectious Disease in a Skeletal Population from Late Medieval Riga, Latvia (15Th-17Th Centuries AD)
Authors: Gerhards Guntis , Pētersone-Gordina Elīna , Krūmiņa Zita
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of infectious disease in the Dome Church (Riga Cathedral) Cemetery population, dating from the late medieval period (15th-17th centuries AD). A total of 274 individuals were macroscopically observed for evidence of infectious disease, and seven individuals with lesions possibly associated with a bacterial infection affecting the skeleton were selected for further analysis. Pathological changes on the outer table of the skull and in the long bones of legs characteristic of venereal syphilis were observed in four female and one male individual. Likewise, changes possibly related to late congenital syphilis were observed in a 14-15-year-old non-adult individual. All these individuals were buried in a small area adjacent to the northern wall of the Dome Church, which possibly belonged to a hospital or a shelter. The evidence for venereal syphilis from the cemetery complements historical data about the spread of the disease in Riga during the 16th-17th centuries AD. One adult male individual had destructive changes in the lower spine, which could be associated with tuberculosis (TB). So far, this is the first individual with possible TB from the archaeological populations of Riga. This research provides unique evidence about infectious disease in skeletal populations from the late medieval period in Latvia, and the results will be used as the basis for future research in the subject, including extraction of ancient pathogen DNA.
Regional Differences in Agriculture in Slovakia after Its Accession to the European Union
Authors: Némethová Jana , Civáň Marek
Published: June 2017

The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union is reflected in the development of agricultural production in Slovakia. The development of livestock production faced significant changes reflected in its overall decrease. The decrease in the level of agricultural production in Slovakia between 2002 and 2010 is shown by several indicators assessed in this paper. Its main aim is to highlight differences in Slovak agriculture at the level of LAU I, which are districts of Slovakia, according to the selected indicators of agricultural production between 2002 and 2010. We analyse the development of regional differences in Slovak agriculture that have widened under the influence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The development of selected indicators of agricultural production was analysed using the change index, which best represents differences in the development of agriculture in the Slovak regions.
Structural drilling using the high-frequency (sonic) rotary method
Authors: Šporin Jurij , Vukelić Željko
Published: June 2017

In Slovenia, there is widespread use of structural drilling along with classical core drilling. Recently, however, the need has arisen for a highly effective core drilling method with the aid of which high-quality core might be obtained. In order to achieve this aim, one among several Slovenian companies dealing with geological surveying has decided to implement structural drilling using a high-frequency drilling method. The following article presents the theoretical foundations for such a high-frequency method, as well as the manner of its implementation. In the final part of the article, a practical comparison between the conventional and the high-frequency core drilling methods is also provided.