bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements in the Field of Radiation Thermometry on the Basis of a New Definition of the Unit of Temperature
Authors: Sild Iu. A.
Published: September 2023

Ensuring the uniformity of measurements (EUM) in the field of temperature measurements, in particular radiation thermometry is one of the main tasks of metrology solved at the state level. The system of metrological support (MS) of radiation thermometry means requires continuous maintenance at the level that meets modern requirements of science, technology, and industry. In order to develop and improve the EUM system in radiation thermometry, a number of measures have been taken in recent years, namely: a new standard base has been developed, including the creation of the State primary standard (SPS) of a temperature unit in the range from 0 °C to 3 200 °C, implementing a new definition of kelvin; a new State verification schedule (SVS) has been developed, which regulates the transfer of the temperature unit to working means from the SPS.

To reduce the load on the SPS, decrease the loss of accuracy in the transfer of a unit of thermodynamic temperature and meet the increased requirements for metrological support of measuring instruments, a secondary standard (SS) of a temperature unit was created and studied in accordance with the new definition of kelvin. It included high-temperature blackbody based on fixed points of pure metals and eutectics, a blackbody and comparators that ensure the transfer of a temperature unit in the range from 961.78 °C to 3 200 °C.

Based on the results of the research, the created State secondary standard (reference standard) of the temperature unit in the range from 961.78 °C to 3 200 °C was approved by the order of Rosstandart dated November 21, 2022 No. 2931 and fully meets the requirements in accordance with the SVS for temperature MI.
Weight Change and Risk of Atherosclerosis Measured by Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) from a Prospective Cohort—Analysis of the First-Wave Follow-up Data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Liu Jian , Sze Newman Siu Kwan , Narushima Miya , O’Leary Deborah
Published: September 2023

To explore impact of weight change (WC) on risk of atherosclerosis measured by cIMT, 20,700 participants from the CLSA follow-up were included in analysis. WC was defined as the difference of weight measured at follow-up and baseline, then quartered into four groups (Q1–Q4). cIMT>1.0 mm was defined as high-risk for atherosclerosis. Adjusted odds ratio (OR, [95% CI]) from logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between WC and risk of atherosclerosis. At follow-up, participants have gained 0.118 kg weight, on average, and 16.4% of them were at high-risk for atherosclerosis. The mean levels of cIMT were comparable between participants from Q1 to Q4. Compared to Q2 (reference), the ORs (95% CI) were 1.00 (0.86, 1.15), 1.19 (1.03,1.38), and 1.25 (1.08,1.45) for Q1, Q3, and Q4, respectively. A similar pattern was observed when analyses conducted by <65 vs. 65+ years separately, but it was weaker for those aged 65+ years. Results from the jointed distribution analyses indicated that weight loss might increase risk for atherosclerosis among participants with obese at baseline, but not for those with cardiovascular events status at baseline. Weight gain, however, would increase risk for atherosclerosis regardless of cardiovascular events status, or overweight/obese at baseline.
Separator Materials for Lithium Sulfur Battery-A Review
Authors: MORI RYOHEI
Published: September 2023

In the recent rechargeable battery industry, lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) have demonstrated promising candidate battery to serve as the next-generation secondary battery owing to its enhanced theoretical specific energy, economy, and environmental friendliness. Its inferior cyclability, however, which is primarily due to electrode deterioration caused by the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect, is still a major problem for the real industrial usage of LSBs. Optimization of the separator and functional barrier layer is an effective strategy for remedying these issues. In this article, the current progress based on classification and modification on functional separator is summarized. We will also describe their working mechanisms as well as the resulting LSB electrochemical properties. In addition, necessary performance for separators also will be mentioned in order to gain optimized LSB performance.
Permian Granitic Plutons from the Northern Margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Chen Jingsheng , Tian Dexin , Li Bin , Gao Zhonghui , Li Weiwei , Zhang Chao , Wang Yan
Published: September 2023

As the largest accretionary orogen in the world, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) has continuous juvenile crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. The northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC) and its adjacent area is the eastern segment of the CAOB, and is a key area to study the geological evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). In the Permian, the west of the northern margin of NCC belongs to a post-collision extensional environment, and the east belongs to a subduction stage. But, As a connecting area, the Permian evolution of PAO in the middle of northern margin of NCC has not been systematically studied. In order to fill the blank and understand the temporal and spatial continuous evolution process of PAO, this paper focused on the Permian granitic rocks in the Chifeng area, zircon U-Pb dating and the geochemical analysis of the whole rock main and trace elements were conducted in order to build a granite chronological framework, discuss the genesis and tectonic background of the granite rocks as well as the magma-tectonic evolution history in the Chifeng area. Zircon U-Pb dating results of 8 samples are 269±1 Ma, 268±3 Ma, 260±4 Ma, 260±1 Ma, 260±1 Ma, 255±2 Ma, 254±2 Ma, 256±1Ma, which showed that the Permian granitic rocks had undergone three stages of emplacement: (1) The monzogranite and syenite (294-284 Ma); (2) The monzogranite (269-260Ma) and (3) The monzogranite and syenite (256-254Ma). The Middle Permian magmatism (269-260Ma) was represented by the monzogranite assemblages with different grain sizes. The geochemical characteristics showed that they were high-potassium calc-alkaline-potassium dossonite series of granites formed in compressional environment, indicating there was a collision between the Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB) and the North China Craton (NCC). During the Late Permian-Early Triassic (256-248Ma), the granites in the Chifeng area are dominated by the A-type and I-type granites of high-potassium calc-alkaline series formed under an extensional environments, which constituted typical "bimodal" rock assemblage combined with the coeval basic rocks, suggesting the study area was in an extensional environment where the subducting slab is fragmented during the collision between the XMOB and the NCC. According to emplacement time and occurrence location, the plutons are interpreted to have been generated by the subduction-collision of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust beneath the NCC. This study provides strong evidence for Permian tectonic evolution and the characterization of the eventual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Chifeng City at the northern margin of the NCC.
Rare Earth Elements in the Seagrass Zostera noltei Hornemann 1832 from the Black Sea Coast of Crimea
Authors: Ryabushko Vitaliy Ivanovich , Kapranov Sergey Viktorovich , Gureeva Elena Viktorovna , Bobko Nikolay Ivanovich , Barinova Sophia
Published: September 2023

Due to the expansion of applications of rare earth elements (REE) in various technological pro-cesses, increasing amounts of these metals pollute the environment, including the marine one. Very little is known about the bioaccumulation and toxicity of REE in marine organisms. In the present work, we assessed the contents of these metals, including yttrium and scandium, in rhizomes and leaves of the widespread seagrass Zostera noltei and in the nearby sediments from the Black Sea coast. The total REE content in the sediments was found to be much higher than in Z. noltei. The order of decrease in the major REE contents in the sediments and the seagrass rhizomes was identical, except for La and Y: La was the most abundant in the sediments and Y in the rhizomes. The contents of all REE in rhizomes of Z. noltei were 1.5–10 times higher than in leaves. The greatest difference in the REE contents was found for the minor heavy elements (Sm–Lu). Translocation coefficients for Sc and the minor elements (excluding Tb) from sediments to rhizomes and from rhizomes to leaves turned out to be pairwise equal, which indicate the similarity of the REE translocation mechanisms. Comparing our results with the literature data, it is possible to conclude that the seagrass Z. noltei does not have an advantage in the REE accu-mulation over marine macroalgae. However, large coastal deposits of this seagrass after storms allow it to consider as a possible resource of REE.
Seepage Model and Pressure Response Characteristics of Non-Orthogonal Multi-Fracture Vertical Well with Superimposed Sand Body in Tight Gas Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Ziwu , Xia Ao , Guo Rui , Chen Lin , Kong Fengshuo , Zhao Xiaoliang
Published: September 2023

Faced with difficulties stemming from the complex interactions between tight gas sand bodies and fractures when describing and identifying reservoirs, a composite reservoir model was established. By setting the supply boundary to characterize the superposition characteristics of sand bodies, a mathematical model of unstable seepage in fractured vertical wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs was constructed considering the factors such as stress sensitivity, fracture density and fracture symmetry. The seepage law and pressure response characteristics of gas well in tight sandstone discontinuous reservoir with stress sensitivity, semi-permeable supply boundary and complex fracture topology were determined, and the reliability of the model was verified. The research results more accurately depict the pressure characteristic curve of the superposed sand body complex fracture vertical well, and provide a more comprehensive model for tight gas production dynamic analysis and well test data analysis, which can more accurately guide the dynamic inversion of reservoir and fracture parameters.
Cracking Resistance of Steam-Cured Precast Concrete with Modified Fly Ash Cement
Authors: Alhafez Aghiad , Miyazawa Shingo , Nito Nobukazu , Kuga Ryuichiroh , Sakai Etsuo
Published: September 2023

Fly ash cement has rarely been used in Japan, mainly because its strength development is slower than ordinary Portland cement. In this research, the effect of the new fly ash cement with both high alite (C3S) cement and fly ash modified by electrostatic belt separation method on cracking resistance of precast concrete prepared by steam curing was studied. The mechanical and shrinkage properties of the proposed fly ash concrete were compared with those of concrete made using OPC cement without fly ash. In order to study the cracking tendency of precast concrete with the proposed fly ash cement, thermal stress analysis was conducted taking into consideration of the experimental data of concrete properties with the different concrete mix proportions. A standard precast concrete box culvert model was used in this 3D FEM analysis and the distribution of temperature and relative humidity in cross section and induced restraint stress during and after steam curing were discussed. Steam-cured concrete with fly ash and high alite cement developed higher compressive strength on the first day of age than concrete with OPC. The proposed fly ash concrete developed high cracking resistance in the early days. On the other hand, the results showed that the drying shrinkage at later ages was the main cause of cracking.
Resonance Spectrum of the Surface Resistance Derivative of Organic Layered Conductors in Tilted Magnetic Fields
Authors: Krstovska Danica , Skeparovski Aleksandar
Published: September 2023

The resonance spectrum of surface resistance derivative in quasi-two dimensional layered organic conductors has been calculated numerically for the out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic field. Not all but some of the resonances in a given series of transitions are present in the spectra. They are observed at the positions corresponding to the maxima in the surface resistance derivative curve and are in a good agreement with previously calculated magnetic field resonance positions. For tilted magnetic fields, there are more resonances present in the spectrum than in the case of a non-tilted field. Apart from the resonances corresponding to the transitions between the adjacent surface states there also appear resonances involving the transitions between the more distant surface states. This is correlated with the specific topology of Fermi surface of the organic conductors. The presented calculations will allow correct interpretation of the experimental curves for the resonance spectrum, and also to obtain information on the surface properties of these materials for their possible implementation in fabrication of devices based on organic molecular conductors.
Sign Language Recognition with Multimodal Sensors and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Lu Chenghong , Kozakai Misaki , Jing Lei
Published: September 2023

Sign language recognition is essential in hearing-impaired people’s communication. Sign language recognition is an important concern in computer vision and has been developed with rapid progress in image recognition technology. However, sign language recognition using a general monocular camera has problems with occlusion and recognition accuracy in sign language recognition. In this research, we aim to improve accuracy by using a 2-axis bending sensor as an aid in addition to image recognition. We aim to achieve higher recognition accuracy by acquiring hand keypoint information of sign language actions captured by a monocular RGB camera and adding sensor assist. To improve sign language recognition, we need to propose new AI models. In addition, the amount of dataset is small because it uses the original data set of our laboratory. To learn using sensor data and image data, we used MediaPipe, CNN, and BiLSTM to perform sign language recognition. MediaPipe is a method for estimating the skeleton of the hand and face provided by Google. In addition, CNN is a method that can learn spatial information, and BiLSTM can learn time series data. Combining the CNN and BiLSTM methods yields higher recognition accuracy. We will use these techniques to learn hand skeletal information and sensor data. Additionally, the 2-axis Bending sensor glove data support training AI model. Using these methods, we aim to improve the recognition accuracy of sign language recognition by combining sensor data and hand skeleton data. Our method performed better than using skeletal information, achieving 96.5% accuracy in Top-1.
Simultaneous Detection of Three Subgroups of Avian Leukosis Virus Using the Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR Assay
Authors: Wu Miaoli , Hu Shuaiqi , Zhu Yujun , Cong Feng , Liu Shengwang
Published: September 2023

Nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoPCR) is a novel method for rapid detection of pathogens. A sensitive and specific multiple nanoPCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of three subgroups avian leucosis virus (ALV). In this study, three pairs of primers that were designed based on gp85 gene sequences of subgroup A, B and J, optimizations were carried out for better performance of the nanoPCR assay and remarkably improved the detection limit of the assay. The detection limit of the assay was 101copies/μl, which was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR assays. The nanoPCR assay amplified the specific 336 bp, 625 bp and 167 bp fragments of ALV-A, -B and –J respectively and no cross-reactivity were found with the genomic DNA or cDNA of Newcastle disease virus, avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, infectious bronchitis vaccine, infectious bursal disease virus and avian encephalomyelitis Virus. To evaluate the detection ability of the assay, 186 clinical samples were detected by nanoPCR and the detection results were further confirmed by sequencing. The sequencing results were 100% in coincidence with the nanoPCR detection results, suggesting the possibility of clinical application of the newly developed nanoPCR assay. Taking all the results together, a highly specific and sensitive nanoPCR was successfully developed, which could be useful for rapid diagnosis of ALV in poultry farming.
Research on Vibration Characteristics of Mountain Orchard
Transporter and Optimization of Trailer
Authors: Ouyang Yuping , Huang Jiarui , Song Kaifang
Published: September 2023

In order to reduce the vibration of the transporter and improve the stability of the transporter, the vibration characteristics and key structure optimization research of the mountain orchard transporter are carried out. In this paper, the vibration of electric monorail transporters under different working conditions is tested, and the causes of vibration generated by monorail transporter during operation are explored. The three-dimensional model of the trailer and transmission box is established using Solidworks, and the modal vibration modes of the structure are analyzed theoretically. The modal test system is used for modal test analysis of trailers and transmission boxes. By comparing the results of finite element and experimental modal analysis, the second-order frequency of the trailer is close to the motor's rotating excitation frequency of 50 Hz at rated speed, which is easy to generate resonance. By optimizing the structure of the trailer, the second and third natural frequencies are increased to 54.79 Hz and 58.35 Hz respectively, which avoid the resonance of the trailer during operation and effectively reduce the vibration generated during the transportation of the trailer. Through vibration testing of the optimized electric monorail transporter, the results of vibration testing before and after structural optimization are compared and analyzed, and it is found that the vibration amplitudes of the transporter in X, Y and Z directions are reduced by 0.308m/s², 0.351m/s² and 0.334m/s² respectively, the running stability of the conveyer is improved.
Relative Orderings of Modified Proportional Hazard Rates and Modified Proportional Reversed Hazard Rates Models
Authors: Shrahili Mansour , Kayid Mohamed , Mesfioui Mhamed
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we identify several relative ordering properties of the modified proportional hazard rate and modified proportional reversed hazard rate models. For this purpose, we use two well-known relative orderings, namely the relative hazard rate ordering and the relative reversed hazard rate ordering. The investigation is to see how a relative ordering between two possible base distributions for the response distributions in these models is preserved when the parameters of the underlying models are changed. We will give some examples to illustrate the results and the conditions under which they are obtained.
An EPR Spectroscopy Study of NO and Copper Content in Injured and Uninjured Areas of the Brain After a Combined Injury of the Brain and Spinal Cord in Rats
Authors: Andrianov Viacheslav V , Kulchitsky Vladimir A , Yafarova Guzel G , Bazan Lyeo V , Bogodvid Tatiana K , Deryabina Irina B , Muranova Lyudmila N , Silantyeva Dinara V , Arslanov Almaz I , Paveliev Mikhail N , Fedorova Ekaterina , Filipovich Tatiana A , Nagibov Aleksei V , Gainutdinov Khalil Latypovich
Published: September 2023

Here we performed a comparative experimental analysis by EPR spectroscopy of the intensity of nitric oxide (NO) production and copper content in the injured and uninjured areas of the frontal lobes and the hippocampus of the brain of male Wistar rats, after modeling of combined brain and spinal cord injury. Brain and spinal cord injury were modelled by local destruction of the left precentral region of the brain using a stylet followed by hemorrhage injury at the level of the first lumbar vertebra of the spinal cord. We found a significant decrease in NO production 7 days after injury modeling in the injured and uninjured (contralateral) brain regions, but the copper content remained unchanged one week after injury modeling. Thus, combined brain and spinal cord injury is not accompanied by a radical change in the activity of the antioxidant system in the brain, which is also confirmed by the absence of changes in NO production and copper content in the hippocampus.
Effects of Quenching Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium-Mn Steel Processed by Quenching and Partitioning
Authors: Yu Cansheng , Wang Hesong , Zhang Yuanxiang , Li Yunjie , Kang Jian , Chang Zhiyuan
Published: September 2023

A medium-Mn steel was processed by a route involving twin-roll strip casting, hot-rolling and quenching and partitioning with different quenching temperatures. The effects of quenching temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. It was found primary martensite and retained austenite (RA) were obtained at the quenching temperature of 140–180 °C, while primary martensite, RA and secondary martensite were obtained when the quenching temperature was 220–300 °C. With increase in quenching temperature from 140 to 260 and to 300 °C, RA fraction first increased from 15.4% to 31.8% and then decreased to 16.6%. The sample at quenching temperature of 220 °C yielded the mechanical properties with yield strength of 992 MPa, tensile strength of 1159 MPa and total elongation of 20.4%. The superior mechanical properties were achieved by an optimum combination of high RA fraction (26.5 vol%), appropriate mechanical stability of RA and a small amount of secondary martensite.
DL-3-Aminobutyric Acid and Powdery Mildew Infection Enhanced the Activation of Defense Related Genes and Salicylic Acid in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Kang Hee-Wan , Kim Ja-yoon
Published: September 2023

Powdery mildew disease, caused by Sphaerotheca fusca, is a major disease affecting cucumbers cultivated in greenhouses. This study was conducted to find defense genes induced by DL-3-amino-butyric acid (BABA) and powdery mildew in cucumber. The 2000 and 5000 mg/L BABA treated cucumber exhibited disease severity of 25% and 5%, respectively, whereas the water treated cucumber leaves were severely infected, with a disease severity of 90%. BABA did not effect spore germination of the powdery mildew pathogen,. showing BABA is not antifungal agent against the pathogen. In quantitative real-time PCR analysis, BABA treated cucumber upregulated transcriptional level of the defense genes CsPAL, CsPR3,CsPR1, CsLOX1, CsLOX23, Cs LecRK6.1, CsWRKY20, and Cupi4 in cucumber to maximum levels at 48 h, whereas CsLecRK6.1 reached maximum expression after 24 h and futher salicylic acid (SA) levels were significantly increased in BABA-treated cucumber plants. In addition, the infected cucumber with powdery mildew enhanced the expression levels from1.6 to 47.3 fold of the defense genes PAL, PR3, PR1, Lox1, Lox 23, LecRK6.1, WRKY20, and Cupi4 compared to heathy cucumber. The results suggests the BABA induced defense response is associated with SA signal pathway-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in cucumber, which is involved in plant resistance mechanisms.
Transfer of Land Ownership and Marginalization as Impact of Tourism Industry
Authors: Sumarja Fransiscus Xaverius , Sujadmiko Bayu , Nguyen Tien Dung , Rusmawati Dianne Eka
Published: September 2023

Tourism has emerged as one of the foremost industries experiencing rapid growth. Over the past few decades, the sector has witnessed continuous development in Indonesia, evident from the increasing number of foreign tourist arrivals. The rapid growth of tourism in various regions has undeniably yielded positive impacts on both investment and the overall economy. However, it has also given rise to a multitude of challenges that need to be addressed. One of the challenges pertains to the issue of land ownership, specifically concerning the acquisition of residents' lands surrounding tourist destinations by foreign individuals, which is strictly prohibited under Indonesian law. Therefore, a comparative analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia is needed to identify regulation problems to potentially increase cases of legal smuggling of foreign land ownership transfers. This study explains the practice of land ownership by foreigners in the Pesisir Barat District of Lampung, along with the associated problems analyzed through a socio-legal approach. The results show that tourism undeniably benefits the economic sector, and resulted in legal infringements concerning land ownership, leading to the marginalization and displacement of local communities. This study adopts a comparative law method, elucidating the respective provisions of both Indonesia and Malaysia, supplemented by a normative juridical approach to examine legal principles, regulations, and systematics through the examination of relevant library materials. Consequently, it is essential to enhance the regulations surrounding the transfer of land to foreigners, including Foreign Citizens and Foreign Legal Entities with representatives in Indonesia, emulating the stringent land tenure restrictions imposed by Malaysia on foreign nationals.
Türkiye’de Yüksek Teknoloji, Kamu Harcamaları, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Beşerî Sermaye Arasındaki İlişki: Fourier ARDL Yaklaşımı
Authors: SOFUOĞLU Emrah
Published: September 2023

Öz
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de kamu harcamalarının, kişi başına gelirin ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatının beşerî sermayeyi ne yönde etkilediğini araştırmaktadır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisini test etmek için Fourier bootstrap ARDL (FARDL) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ardından FARDL modeline dayalı uzun dönem katsayı tahmini yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: FARDL analizi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasına uzun dönemli bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştirBuna göre Türkiye’de kamu harcamalarının, kişi başına GSYH’nin ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatının beşerî sermaye üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi bulunmaktadır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışma Türkiye için 1990-2019 dönemi ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Ekonomik kalkınma, teknolojik gelişme ve vatandaşların refah seviyesinin artırılmasında beşerî sermayenin önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu çalışmada beşeri sermaye ve diğer değişkenler arasındaki ilişki güncel bir ekonometrik yöntem olan ve kısadönemler için güçlü sonuçlar veren FARDL yöntemi ile sınanmıştır.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Uyumluluk Düzeylerinin Kariyer Endişeleri ve Kariyer Kararı Verme Öz Yeterliği Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Ferhat , KABASAKAL Zekavet
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı; üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumluluk düzeylerinin kariyer endişeleri ve kariyer kararı verme öz-yeterliği açısından incelenmesidir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin farklı fakültelerinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrenciler içerisinden uygun örnekleme yönteme ile belirlenmiş 616 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonucunda kariyer kararı verme öz-yeterlik ile kariyer endişeleri alt boyutlarının birlikte kariyer uyumluluğunu anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı ve bu değişkenlerin kariyer uyumluluğunun toplam varyansının %41,4'unu açıkladığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir.
Sınırlılıklar: Araştırma, veri toplamak için kullanılan Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Ölçeği, Yetişkin Kariyer Endişeleri Ölçeği ve Kariyer Karar Verme Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin ölçtüğü niteliklerle sınırlıdır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, araştırma kapsamına giren üniversite öğrencilerine benzer gruplara genellenebilir.
Özgünlük/Değer: Kariyer uyumluluğu ile ilgili yoğun çalışma bulunmasına karşın, kariyer endişeleri ve kariyer kararı verme öz-yeterliği değişkenlerinin birlikte incelendiği bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu anlamda kariyer uyumluluğu ve kariyer süreçlerine ilişkin katkı sağlayabilecek sonuçlara ulaşması bakımından çalışma adına özgün değer oluşturmaktadır.
THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONE-PARTNER AUDIT TEAM SCENARIO: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors:   King Saud University, Al-Adeem, Ph. D. Khalid
Published: September 2023

An accounting firm may bear the risk associated with the partner supervising the engagement. This study aims to explore the dynamics within the audit engagement to illustrate the potential consequences of the partner's actions and decisions that extend beyond the firm. A synthesis of three theories, namely functional organization theory, the power of lower participants theory, and the third dimension of power theory, reveals the power distribution between the partner leading the audit engagement and other participating auditors. While the functional organization theory and the second and third dimensions of power theory suggest that the lead partner holds more power, the power of lower participants theory proposes that lower-level auditors can influence outcomes in conflicts. A web-based survey with 66 auditors was conducted to gather insights. While not all hypotheses find support in the data, the study uncovers interesting aspects of the auditor-partner relationship. These findings have significant implications for how audit engagements are organized and warrant further exploration. Auditors generally accept the partner's justifications regarding suspicious transactions and accounting treatments but refrain from sharing specific information. They believe in the importance of audit partners' awareness of gathered information. Although auditors do not fear repercussions when reporting wrongdoing, they tend not to report to local authorities. However, they endorse the idea of appointing a reviewing partner, quality assurance, or risk control role to mitigate errors in the audit process.
Indigenizace globálního spirituálního diskursu: o jednom setkání západní a mayské spirituality
Authors: Kapusta Jan
Published: September 2023

V této studii umísťuji fenomén mezikulturních náboženských setkání do globalizační perspektivy. Prezentuji jej jako zápas nativních skupin o vytyčení vlastního kulturního prostoru v globálním schématu věcí, jako úsilí o indigenizaci modernity a spirituality. Pomocí diskurzivní analýzy jedné konkrétní mayské přednášky konané v České republice sleduji postupné utváření a ustavování globálního spirituálního diskursu, jenž povstává skrze nepřetržité propojování, spojování či slepování různých náboženských prvků, skrze univerzalizaci rétoriky i zdůrazňování nativních kořenů, skrze připodobňování i vymezování se vůči dominantní euroamerické kultuře. Cílem textu je ukázat, že jde o hluboce dvojznačný proces, který s sebou nese kontinuitu i diskontinuitu, konvergenci i divergenci, ale také – a to možná především – ekvivokaci; že jde o dynamický proces překladu, v němž se mnohé ztrácí, něco však i nalézá.
Geological and Isotope-Geochemical Indicators of Early Devonian Plume–Lithosphere Interactions in the Southwestern Framing of the Siberian Craton: Data Synthesis for Magmatic Associations of the Altai–Sayan Rift System
Authors: Vorontsov A.A. , Kovalenko D.V. , Yarmolyuk V.V. , Nikiforov A.V. , Perfilova O.Yu.
Published: September 2023

—The Early Devonian Altai–Sayan rift system (ASRS) has spread to the structures of East and West Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, and Mongolian Altay. Its largest fragments are the Tuva, Delyun–Yustyd, Kan, Agul, and Minusa basins as well as depressions in north-western Mongolia. The paper summarizes the geologic, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotope characteristics of the ASRS mafic rocks represented by nappes of moderately alkaline and alkali basalts and their subvolcanic and intrusive rock analogues. They are present in all magmatic associations and are divided into low-Ti (TiO2 = 0.2–2.2 wt.%) and high-Ti (TiO2 = 2.2–4.3 wt.%) subgroups. These rocks are characterized by wide variations in Sr isotope characteristics (εSr(T) = –16 to +30). High-Ti mafic rocks are common at the southern segment of the ASRS; they show a weak positive Ta–Nb anomaly (La/Nb = 0.8–1.1) and are relatively enriched in LREE ((La/Yb)N = 6–14) and radiogenic Nd (εNd(T) = 3.8–8.7). Low-Ti varieties are confined to the northwestern segment of the ASRS; they are enriched in Ba but depleted in Th, U, Nb, Ta (La/Nb = 1.2–2.2), Zr, Hf, LREE ((La/Yb)N = 3–7), and radiogenic Nd (εNd(T) = 2.0–6.0). Taking into account the existence of different terranes, which were combined in the structure of the Altai–Sayan folded area during accretion (ca. 500–480 Ma), we propose a model suggesting different environments of magma formation at the southern and northwestern segments of the ASRS and the relationship of magmatism with a mantle plume within the ASRS. In composition the plume corresponds to the sources of high-Ti magmas. The effect of the melted lithospheric mantle of different compositions beneath different groups of terranes led to the observed isotope-geochemical heterogeneity of mafic rocks within the ASRS, in particular, the absence of high-Ti mafic rocks from the Minusa basin.
Sweating the Asset by Extending Well Run Life Through Bp to ESP Conversion in High Viscous Oil Field
Authors: AL Shukaili Ghosin , AL Aufi Fahad , AL Ghadani Adnan , Al Kindi Said , Abbas Hawra Abdul , Al Kaabi Mohammed , Al Habsi AL Julanda , Urdaneta Gerardo , Al Abri Ibrahim , Al Ajmi Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Field A, located in the southern region of Oman, is one of the fields expertly managed and operated by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). Field A experienced a high unscheduled subsurface deferment and a high artificial failure index before 2020, resulting in decreased oil production and increased restoration costs.

Most of the wells in Field A are horizontal and completed with standalone screens and were equipped with Beam Pump (BP) or Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) artificial lift systems.

To address these problems, a thorough evaluation of the current artificial lift system was conducted with the involvement of all stakeholders. The objective was to identify the root causes and find potential solutions to reduce the overall failure rate of the pumps in the field. It was determined that frequent pump failures in Field A were mainly caused by erosion and corrosion resulting from sand and solids production.

To overcome these challenges and minimize pump failures and delays, a comprehensive conversion plan was proposed. The plan involved replacing the existing Beam Pumps with Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) based on successful trials conducted in the same area previously. Starting from 2017, a total of 71 wells underwent the conversion process, which also included deepening the pumps.

The implementation of ESPs led to a significant improvement in the overall failure rate of the artificial lift system in the field. The failure rate dropped from 28% in 2019 to 22.5% in 2021, and it continued to decrease to 19.5% in 2022. Furthermore, the occurrence of unscheduled delays in subsurface operations decreased by 85% in 2022 compared to previous years. As a result, the optimization of Field A, measured by the percentage increase in oil production, rose from 3% in 2020 to 15.3% in 2022.
A Tool for Power Quality Assessment in Electric Submersible Pump Systems with Variable Frequency Drives
Authors: Betoka-Onyama S. P. , Lingom P. M. , Hamza H. , Song-Manguelle J. , Doumbia M. L. , Kennedy S. , Radke C. , Manfoumbi W. , Ehman K. , Olson K.
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces an initial version of a standalone interactive numerical simulation tool for assessing power quality in electric submersible pump (ESP) applications. The tool replicates the steady-state behavior of low- and medium-voltage ESPs supplied by pulse-width modulated variable frequency drives (PWM-VFDs) at different operating points. This tool for replicating the voltage current waveforms supplied to the ESP motor and the instantaneous electromagnetic torque in the motor airgap is beneficial for electrical and non-electrical engineers involved in the design, analysis, and operation of ESP power systems. The tool is based on a rigorous modeling approach, where the induction machine and a pump load have been modeled as a two-moment inertia system connected to a multi-pi section model of the transmission cable. A low-voltage two-level VFD connected to a step-up transformer and a medium-voltage cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter has been incorporated with an optional sine wave filter (SWF). VFDs have closed-loop controllers, with their parameters tuned to accommodate system setup. Depending on the parameters of the systems, more than 1344 operating points can be simulated from the graphical interface, thus showing its wide range of use in the oil and gas industry. To demonstrate the accuracy of the method and the proposed tool, the results of this tool are compared with those from field measurements. This type of tool is new to the ESP industry. It has been covered by an intuitive easy-to-use graphical interface, where only a selection of key system parameters has been enabled and made available to the users. No advanced simulation skills are needed, time and frequency domains’ results are automatically generated and can be easily exported to reports. The tool is a Windows-based standalone software.
Top Efficiency Technologies Working in Synergy Enable a 30% Production Increase by Unlocking High-Flow Hybrid ESP Applications
Authors: Parra S. A. , Herrera R. , Donado D. , Cuesta J. , Sanchez L. M. , Leon F. , Suarez S. , Munoz D. , Garcia P.
Published: September 2023

Handling high-flow production rates with conventional downhole artificial lift systems equipment has always been a challenge in mature oil fields. In the Northern Llanos field, Colombia, more than 31% wells have, in their current reservoir, high water cuts and reserves with an economic limit of 5 years. It was necessary to accelerate the acquisition of these reserves in less time than the economic limit and extract higher volumes of fluids (over 20,000 B/D).

At the first stage of this campaign, 20 high-flow-rate wells were selected as candidates for installation of a high-efficiency hybrid ESP technology. Since February 2022, the technology has been installed successfully in nine wells, thereby achieving the upsized production targets, increasing fluid production on 30% above the previous intervention, reducing energy consumption by approximately 25%, and reaching pumps efficiencies around 75%.

The hybrid high-efficiency ESP solution was developed through a detailed engineering process that included conceptualization and creation of specific add-on tools to enable high-flow ESP pumps from one manufacturer to be installed along with a high-power permanent magnet motor from another manufacturer.

The evaluation of well production behavior showed a field oil production increase of 1,200 B/D, lower water cuts, and reservoir tops drained with a new drawdown generated and double the volume of reserves (additional 800 million barrels of oil) were proved. In addition, the heavy drop in the well reserve's declination was lower than expected, which means a higher recovery factor.

Integrating technological advantages of each manufacturer along with the development of technological solutions for this integration proved successful. In this case, the complete ESP architecture composed of different technologies was not available before this current project, and it shows great potential to be implemented in additional wells in the field, in Colombia, and other countries around the world.
Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Testing of a Novel High Temperature ESP System for SAGD under Real Conditions
Authors: Klaczek W. , Robles J. , Stewart J. , Kopecky T. , Frey J. , Webster J.
Published: September 2023

It has been about 10 years since High Temperature Electrical Submersible Pumps (HT ESPs) were first deployed at downhole temperatures of 250°C (482°F). Since then, these pumps have become one of the most popular forms of artificial lift for most Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) producers. Despite this popularity, the severity of the operating conditions in SAGD wells continues to present challenges to the development of new HT ESP technology. A Joint Industry Project (JIP) of major thermal operators commissioned this research to evaluate the performance of some novel HT ESP technology that was developed by Summit ESP a Halliburton Company. This novel HT ESP technology was specifically designed to operate in a SAGD environment. This paper describes the full-scale testing that was independently conducted by the JIP on this HT ESP technology using a specialized high temperature flow loop at C-FER. Testing was completed to better understand the performance and reliability of this novel HT ESP technology over a wide range of representative SAGD conditions.

The program included several diverse tests conducted at fluid temperatures up to 250°C (482°F). This included a wide range of operating conditions, including low levels of sub cool and different multiphase fluid combinations with oil, water, gas, and steam. As noted in past experimental work conducted on HT ESPs by Waldner et al. (2012), understanding the thermal profile of the ESP system (specifically the motor) as well as the effect of multiphase flow conditions on motor heat dissipation and pump hydraulic performance when operating in a SAGD wellbore are key considerations when assessing ESP systems. For this reason, additional downhole instruments were installed to monitor the temperature profile of the ESP system in the wellbore during this test. The experimental setup also included internal pressure monitoring of the ESP motor oil volume compensation system to carefully observe the interactions between the wellbore environment and ESP system performance. This paper presents an overview of the test objectives, the experimental setup (including the instrumentation), the HT ESP system, as well as a selection of key laboratory test results. Collectively this paper provides insight into the test methodology and performance of this new HT ESP under various conditions representative of a SAGD wellbore in the field.

Technical Categories: ESP Thermal Operations, New ESP Technologies
Reliability Performance of 400 Series ESPs in SAGD Wells at Surmont
Authors: Olson K. , Ehman K. , Chacin J. E. , Nespor K.
Published: September 2023

Most Surmont SAGD producer wells are drilled and completed to accommodate 500 series ESPs. However, as reservoirs age, downhole completion failures occur more frequently, such as intermediate casing deformation. These failures usually lead to smaller downhole diameter drifts, which in turn require the use of smaller diameter 400 series ESPs (a.k.a., "slim hole" SAGD ESPs) in wells that otherwise would have continued to be better suited for the originally planned larger size ESP. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the reliability performance of 400 series ESPs installed at Surmont in the last few years. Analysis of fifty-nine 400 series ESP installations shows that while their reliability is lower than that of larger diameter ESPs, 400 series ESPs do provide an attractive solution to lifting in wells with smaller intermediate casing clearance. Main failure modes and how they relate to operating conditions are discussed. Finally, recommendations measures to improve 400 series equipment reliability performance are addressed.
Gas Flow Management Technology Designed to Decrease Downtime and Improve ESP Efficiency
Authors: Fulwider S. , Harding M. , Davis A. , Guanacas L. , Gonzalez G. , Campos M. , Portilla C.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the configuration, design, and mechanisms of an advanced gas regulator system installed underneath the ESPs to extend the run time and stabilize operational parameters. Results are evaluated by comparing sensor parameters before and after the installation of this new technology. This engineered design consists of different stages, from the isolation of the pump intake, a pressure balance regulator valve, and a Vortex generator in charge of breaking gas bubbles. Multiple Engineering concepts were applied in the construction of this solution, including flow homogenization, pressure balance between fluid level and the bottom hole pressure (BHP), changes in pressure and velocity, gas dispersion, and an additional sand separator (Optional). In this case, the sand separation feature was not used since the well did not present any sand-related historical issues.

The case study presented in this paper is from a horizontal well located in the Midland basin/Midland County. This well had a history of multiple shutdowns, erratic current behavior, unstable PIP, and high motor temperature peaks, all caused by a high GLR. The well produced a GOR of 5,959.6 SCF/STB and a GLR of 1,609 SCF/STB. The Gas Flow Management technology was selected to be installed in this well to deal with the slugging effect and high GLR conditions. The key was to stabilize the sensor parameters to help the ESP provide a smoother operation, which will provide higher efficiency (less downtime). After the installation, the ESP was able to reduce the PIP from 700 psi down to 465 psi without any shutdown due to gas, and the fluctuations in motor temperature were eliminated. The current and frequency have remained stable, allowing the correct operation of the pump.
Electric Submersible Pump Reliability Improvement Lean Six Sigma (LSS) Study
Authors: AlKhalifa Mohammed A. , Pessoa Rui F. , Chandramouli Ramasubramanian , Elaimani Rachid
Published: September 2023

Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) is a common artificial lift method when technically viable for high flow rate application. ESP reliability, on the other hand, is sensitive to multiple factors during its life cycle from contracting all the way to failure analysis. This paper summarizes the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology that was followed to assess ESP run life performance and to enhance ESP reliability. The study scope covered the ESP downhole equipment full life cycle which includes the design, manufacturing, storage and handling, installation, commissioning and operation.

Subject matter experts and LSS consultants teamed to assess ESP performance. The approach included visiting key ESP supplier manufacturing facilities to walkthrough their processes, brainstorming ESP failure potential causes, analyzing historic data, identifying root causes, and developing and implementing recommendations to prolong ESP run life.

The study allowed developing recommendations that impact ESP design and manufacturing, well conditions, vendor's field technical competencies and operational compliance. Following that, an implementation plan was developed. Additionally, a quarterly report is being issued to ensure all stakeholders are well updated on the implementation status and any changes. Other key milestones accomplished included ESP performance benchmarking with other regions, and development of an ESP performance management portal to enable ESP engineers to better monitor and control the end-to-end ESP performance.

After completing the LSS study and implementing its recommendations, ESP replacement jobs due to ESP failures were significantly reduced resulting in a major cost avoidance. Further improvements are also expected in the coming years.