bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free vibration analysis and post-critical free vibrations of nanocomposite rotating beams reinforced with graphene platelet
Authors: Eyvazian Arameh , Zhang Chunwei , Musharavati Farayi , Khan Afrasyab , Alkhedher Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Treatment of the first natural frequency of a rotating nanocomposite beam reinforced with graphene platelet is discussed here. In regard of the Timoshenko beam theory hypothesis, the motion equations are acquired. The effective elasticity modulus of the rotating nanocomposite beam is specified resorting to the Halpin–Tsai micro mechanical model. The Ritz technique is utilized for the sake of discretization of the nonlinear equations of motion. The first natural frequency of the rotating nanocomposite beam prior to the buckling instability and the associated post-critical natural frequency is computed by means of a powerful iteration scheme in reliance on the Newton–Raphson method alongside the iteration strategy. The impact of adding the graphene platelet to a rotating isotropic beam in thermal ambient is discussed in detail. The impression of support conditions, and the weight fraction and the dispersion type of the graphene platelet on the acquired outcomes are studied. It is elucidated that when a beam has not undergone a temperature increment, by reinforcing the beam with graphene platelet, the natural frequency is enhanced. However, when the beam is in a thermal environment, at low-to-medium range of rotational velocity, adding the graphene platelet diminishes the first natural frequency of a rotating O-GPL nanocomposite beam. Depending on the temperature, the post-critical natural frequency of a rotating X-GPL nanocomposite beam may be enhanced or reduced by the growth of the graphene platelet weight fraction.
Myocarditis and diaphragmatic rhabdomyolysis with respiratory failure in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with Nivolumab
Authors: Baldessari Cinzia , Pugliese Giuseppe , Venturelli Marta , Greco Stefano , Ferrara Leonardo , Longo Giuseppe , Dominici Massimo , Depenni Roberta
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Immunotherapy dramatically changed history of melanoma patients with a clinical benefit never seen before. Nevertheless, severe and unexpected adverse effects can occur, fortunately rarely.

Case presentation

We reported the case of a 75-year-old male patient affected by metastatic melanoma who developed myocarditis and acute rhabdomyolysis with secondary diaphragmatic dysfunction and consequent pulmonary restrictive syndrome after Nivolumab monotherapy. Blood tests and ultrasonography of the diaphragm revealing left hypokinesis suggested a Nivolumab-related rhabdomyolysis, as an immune-mediated adverse event. The rhabdomylolysis involved the diaphragm with consequent diaphragmatic weakness and respiratory distress.

Mangement & outcome

The patient had a slow but slight and progressive improvement of symptoms and vital signs post-treatment with high-dose corticosteroids.

Discussion

With this case report, we want to highlight the importance of rapid recognition and treatment of rare and unexpected, but potential serious immune-related adverse events. These events might happen despite the remarkable clinical benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We do not know which patients will benefit from these therapies and why, when and in which cases adverse event will occur: we must not lower our attention.
Cefazolin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with Polycythemia Vera Following Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Boulos Racha , Turner Katja , Saklayen Samiya , Perez William , Iyer Manoj H.
Published: December 2021

Cefazolin is an antibiotic that is commonly administered perioperatively to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Cephalosporins have a well-established safety profile, but have been associated with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia due to their myelosuppressive effects. While this effect may be benign in healthy patients undergoing minor surgery, it can be detrimental in patients with underlying hematologic disorders presenting for open-heart surgery. Herein, we discuss the first case in the literature of cefazolin-induced thrombocytopenia and severe coagulopathy in a patient with polycythemia vera (PCV) during a coronary artery bypass-grafting surgery.
Promoting Disposal of Left-Over Opioids After Surgery in Rural Communities: A Qualitative Description Study
Authors: Huang Lyen C. , Johnson Jordan E. , Bleicher Josh , Blumling Allison N. , Savarise Mark , Wetter David W. , Cohan Jessica N. , Harris Alex A.S. , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Patients rarely dispose of left-over opioids after surgery. Disposal serves as a primary prevention against misuse, overdose, and diversion. However, current interventions promoting disposal have mixed efficacy. Increasing disposal in rural communities could prevent or reduce the harms caused by prescription opioids.

Aims

Identify barriers and facilitators to disposal in the rural communities of the United States Mountain West region.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative description study with 30 participants from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. We used a phronetic iterative approach combining inductive content and thematic analysis with deductive interpretation through the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM).

Results

We identified four broad themes: (a) awareness, engagement, and education; (b) low perceived risk associated with nondisposal; (c) deciding to keep left-over opioids for future use; and (d) converting decisions into action. Most participants were aware of the importance of disposal but perceived the risks of nondisposal as low. Participants kept opioids for future use due to uncertainty about their recovery and future treatments, breakdowns in the patient–provider relationship, chronic illness or pain, or potential future injury. The rural context, particularly convenience, cost, and environmental contamination, contributes to decisional burden.

Conclusions

We identified PAPM stage-specific barriers to disposal of left-over opioids. Future interventions should account for where patients are along the spectrum of deciding to dispose or not dispose as well as promoting harm-reduction strategies for those who choose not to dispose.
Interweaving positive and critical perspectives in management learning and teaching
Authors: Lavine Marc , Carlsen Arne , Spreitzer Gretchen , Peterson Tim , Roberts Laura Morgan
Published: December 2021

Management learning is increasingly and rightfully called upon to address societal challenges beyond narrow concerns of economic performance. Within that agenda, we describe the generative aims of a special issue devoted to interweaving positive and critical perspectives in management learning and teaching. The five articles that comprise the issue describe the prospects for such interplay across a range of empirical and theoretical contexts. Together, these contributions suggest a way forward for work that is at once critical, positive, and reflexive. We identify key themes for future directions: the generative potential of contrarian learning dynamics, an ethics-first focus on ecological and human well-being, and the prospects of scholarly practice for systemic activism.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Air Film Pressure Field Characteristics of Aerostatic Thrust Bearing
Authors: Chen Guoda , Lu Qi , Ge Yifan , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2021

This paper studied the air film pressure field (AFPF) characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearing, in which we proposed the measurement equipment for the 2D AFPF and successfully verified the theoretical simulation results. The experimental results agreed well with the theoretical results. However, in the area between the distribution circle of orifice to the air film outlet boundary, the experimental air film pressure (AFP) was slightly higher than the theoretical one. While for the area between the distribution circle of orifice and the center of the bearing, it showed the opposite law. Besides, the increase ratio of the AFP was close to that of the external load with its increase.
Influence of surface textures on the dynamic stability and performance parameters of hydrodynamic two-lobe journal bearings
Authors: Singh Niranjan , Awasthi R K
Published: December 2021

Surface texturing can improve the performance of journal bearing system. The present study theoretically investigates the impact of surface textures on the dynamic stability and performance parameters of two-lobe journal bearing system. Galerkin's finite element method is used to solve the Reynolds equation governing the flow of lubricant in the gap between the bearing and the journal. Reynolds boundary conditions are applied in the simulation study of plain, full-textured, partially textured-I and partially textured-II configurations of two-lobe journal bearing. The dynamic stability and performance parameters of textured two-lobe journal bearings are computed with the variation of eccentricity ratio and dimple depth and compared with circular bearing results. The results indicate that the existence of surface textures in the pressure build-up zone ranging from 126°–286° and at unity dimple aspect ratio can significantly improve the dynamic stability and performance parameters of two-lobe bearing system.
Avoidance and engagement: Do societal problems fuel political parties’ issue attention?
Authors: Seeberg Henrik Bech
Published: December 2021

An important part of political parties’ competition for votes is the extent to which parties avoid or engage the issues that rival parties talk about. Despite a large literature on this topic, it remains largely unknown when parties engage. Drawing on research on political attention allocation and party behaviour, this study argues that societal problems are a central source of issue engagement: The engagement is due to a pressure to not ignore electorally important problems. The analysis shows that issue engagement emerges because parties address the same issues in a negative development. Moreover, and particularly important for issue engagement, parties attend more to a negative development if other parties already attend to the development, particularly at elections. The argument is tested across 16 issue areas through the collection and coding of 5523 press releases from seven parties in Denmark at a quarterly level from 2004 to 2017.
Identifying adoption and usability factors of locator devices for persons living with dementia
Authors: Neubauer Noelannah , Spenrath Christa , Philip Serrina , Daum Christine , Liu Lili , Miguel-Cruz Antonio
Published: December 2021

A growing number of Canadians live with dementia. Strategies to reduce the risks of getting lost include physical barriers, restraints and medications. However, these strategies can restrict one’s participation in meaningful activities and reduce quality of life. Locator devices can be used to manage safety risks while also supporting engagement and independence among persons living with dementia. As more locator devices become available on the market, adoption rates would be affected by certain factors. There is no clear, standardized approach to identify the factors that have an influence on the acceptance and usability of locator devices for persons with dementia and their care partners. This project aimed to identify factors related to acceptance and usability of locator devices that are important to individuals with dementia, their care partners, service providers and technology developers. Qualitative description and conventional content analysis guided our approach. We conducted 5 focus groups with 21 participants. Trustworthiness strategies included multiple data sources, data verification for accuracy and peer debrief. Five overarching factors emerged as critical aspects in the acceptance and usability of locator devices. These factors were inclusivity, simplicity, features, physical properties and ethics. Participants thought that locator devices do not adequately consider privacy and stigma. Therefore, the acceptance and usability of locator devices could be enhanced if privacy and stigma are addressed. The factors identified will inform the creation of an acceptance and usability scale for locator devices used by persons living with dementia, their care partners and service providers.
Educators’ interpretations of children’s belonging across borders: Thinking and talking with an image
Authors: Puroila Anna-Maija , Emilson Anette , Pálmadóttir Hrönn , Piškur Barbara , Tofteland Berit
Published: December 2021

European quality framework for early childhood education and care calls for creating environments that support all children’s sense of belonging. This study aims to advance empirical knowledge on educators’ interpretations of children’s belonging in early education settings. The study is part of a project conducted in five European countries – Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The following research question guides the study: How do educators interpret children’s belonging in early education across borders? The study draws from the theory of the politics of belonging by Yuval-Davis and employs ‘thinking and talking with an image’ as a methodological approach. The findings explicate educators’ taken-forgranted categorisations, thus portraying their views about educational settings as sites for children’s belonging. Opposing, joint play and being alone were identified as emotionally loaded interactions that educators interpreted as significant for children’s belonging. The educators emphasised democratic values, such as diversity, participation, equality and equity. However, they viewed diverse tensions in embodying democratic values in a diverse group. The shared basis of the profession appeared as a more significant basis for educators’ interpretations than the different societal contexts. The study encourages educators and researchers in European countries to collaborate in promoting children’s belonging.
COVID-19 Testing in Schools: Perspectives of School Administrators, Teachers, Parents, and Students in Southern California
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. , Soto Daniel , Lee Ryan , Deva Sohini , Shanker Kush , Sood Neeraj
Published: December 2021

Background

School-based COVID-19 testing is a potential strategy to facilitate the safe reopening of schools that have been closed due to the pandemic. This qualitative study assessed attitudes toward this strategy among four groups of stakeholders: school administrators, teachers, parents, and high school students.

Methods

Focus groups and interviews were conducted in Los Angeles from December 2020 to January 2021 when schools were closed due to the high level of COVID transmission in the community.

Results

Findings indicated similarities and differences in attitudes toward in-school COVID-19 testing. All groups agreed that frequent in-school COVID-19 testing could increase the actual safety and perceived safety of the school environment. School administrators expressed pessimism about the financial cost and logistics of implementing a testing program. Parents supported frequent testing but expressed concerns about physical discomfort and stigma for students who test positive. Teachers and parents noted that testing would prevent parents from sending sick children to school. Students were in favor of testing because it would allow them to return to in-person school after a difficult year of online learning.

Conclusion

In-school COVID-19 testing could be a useful component of school reopening plans and will be accepted by stakeholders if logistical and financial barriers can be surmounted and stigma from positive results can be minimized.
Evaluation of Tissue Perfusion by Wound Blush and 2D Color-Coded Digital Subtraction Angiography During Endovascular Intervention and Its Impact on Limb Salvage in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Lotfy Hassan , El-Nadar Ahmed Abou , Shaalan Wael , Emam Ali El , Ibrahim Akram , Naga Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is an entity with high mortality if not properly treated. The primary aim of CLI revascularization is to enhance wound healing, which greatly depends on microvascular circulation. The available tools for assessment of revascularization success are deficient in the evaluation of local microvascular tissue perfusion, that wound blush (WB) reflects. A reliable technique that assesses capillary flow to foot lesions is needed. This study aims to assess WB angiographically at sites of interest in the foot after revascularization and its impact on limb salvage in CLI.

Materials and Methods:

198 CLI patients (Rutherford category 5/6) with infrainguinal atherosclerotic lesions amenable for endovascular revascularization (EVR) were included. Limbs were directly or indirectly revascularized by EVR. Direct revascularization meant that successful revascularization of the area of interest according to the angiosome concept was achieved. A completion angiographic run was taken to assess WB. Patients were divided into 2 groups; positive and negative WB groups. In the event of a disagreement between the observational investigators, the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) series was analyzed for hemodynamic changes with a computerized 2D color-coded DSA (Syngo iFlow).

Results:

176 limbs had successful revascularization in 157 patients. The successful revascularization rate was 88.9% (176/198), with technical failure encountered in 22 limbs. 121 patients had positive WB and 55 patients had negative WB. Direct revascularization of target areas was obtained in 98 limbs (55.7%). There was a significant difference in the rate of achieving direct flow to the lesion between the positive WB and negative WB groups (36.4% vs 19.3%, p≤0.001). We noticed a nonsignificant difference between patients who had direct revascularization of the foot lesion(s) and those who had indirect revascularization as regards limb salvage. Patients were followed up for 25.2 ± 12.7 months. By the end of the first year, limb salvage rate was significantly higher in patients who had positive WB (98% vs 63%, p<0.001, after 2 years (97% vs 58%, p<0.001) and after 3 years (94% vs 51.5%, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

WB is an important predictor and a prognostic factor for wound healing in CLI patients with soft tissue lesions.
Factors Associated With Noninfectious Fever After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Nana Petroula , Spanos Konstantinos , Dakis Konstantinos , Karathanos Christos , Kouvelos George , Giannoukas Athanasios
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The post–endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) inflammatory response, which is very often associated with fever, has been ascribed to a wide range of proinflammatory mediators and operative events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of such factors in the development of fever of noninfectious origin after elective EVAR.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients treated with standard elective EVAR between February 2017 and December 2020 was undertaken. The database included patients’ demographics and comorbidities, as well as laboratory inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and anatomical characteristics (sac diameter, inferior mesenteric artery [IMA] patency and diameter, number of patent lumbar arteries, internal iliac artery [IIA] patency or occlusion). Intraoperative details, such as type of stent graft material and IIA overstenting, were also analyzed. Patients with infectious postoperative complications or previously receiving systemic anti-inflammatory medication were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0 for Windows software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York).

Results:

From 332 patients treated with elective EVAR between 2017 and 2020, 268 patients (all men) were included in the analysis. The mean age was 72.1±7.5 years and the mean aneurysm diameter was 59.1±12.1 mm. Seventeen patients were excluded due to a known infection site. From the study cohort, 114 (42.5%) patients presented with fever. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the occlusion of IMA ≥5 mm (p<0.008) and higher CRP (p<0.001) were independent factors associated with postoperative fever. A subanalysis was performed only on patients with patent IMA before EVAR. In the multivariate regression analysis of this subgroup, IMA ≥5 mm (p=0.008), presence of dyslipidemia (p=0.037), and higher CRP (p<0.001) were related to fever.

Conclusion:

Occlusion of an existing wide (≥5 mm) and patent IMA prior to EVAR may contribute to the development of post-EVAR pyrexia. The CRP is a reliable marker for post-EVAR fever. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Campus Sexual Violence and Title IX: What is the Role of Restorative Justice Now?
Authors: James Shauntey , Hetzel-Riggin Melanie D.
Published: December 2021

Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) have used restorative justice (RJ) to address sexual misconduct on college campuses under Title IX. In 2020, Title IX guidance was codified. The application of RJ under the new policy may create procedural and distributive justice issues. This article (1) defines the new policy; (2) explores suitability of RJ to sexual misconduct and specifically yellow zone behavior under the new policy; (3) discusses justice for the various stakeholders under the guise of advantages and disadvantages; and (4) makes recommendations to strengthen the choice of either implementing or not implementing restorative justice.
Compartment Syndrome and Wrist Disarticulation After a Catfish Sting
Authors: Carroll Colin J. , Sumarriva Gonzalo , Lavie Lacey , Sugalski Christopher , Sisco-Wise Leslie , Dunbar Ross
Published: December 2021

Catfish have the ability to inflict stings on their victims through spines located on their dorsal and pectoral fins. The stings of catfish can release toxins that have dermonecrotic, edemogenic, and vasospastic factors. In this case, a 56-year-old man suffered a catfish sting to his right thumb, which resulted in acute hand compartment syndrome and resultant hand fasciotomies. His hospital course was complicated by multiple irrigation and debridements, finger amputations, hand fluid cultures positive for Vibrio damsela, and eventual wrist disarticulation. The combination of envenomation, infection, and delayed presentation for treatment ultimately led to a hand amputation.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Hand Vasculature in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Asadourian Paul A. , Chen Aaron Z. , Aristega Almeida Bryan , Gordon Jessica K. , Burge Alissa J. , Fufa Duretti T.
Published: December 2021

Background:

When patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop digital ischemia, conventional angiography (CA) is traditionally used to assess hand vasculature. Recently, Chang et al described an angiographic classification system for patients with SSc. Conventional angiography uses intravascular contrast agents that are nephrotoxic and vasoconstrictive. Owing to these limitations, this study assesses the use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) as an alternative to CA to evaluate hand vasculature in patients with digital ischemia.

Methods:

This retrospective case series reports on 38 contrast-enhanced MRAs of hand vasculature from 30 symptomatic patients with SSc (N = 21) or SLE (N = 9). The radial and ulnar arteries (RA, UA) and the superficial and deep palmar arches were evaluated at standard reference points both quantitatively and qualitatively for their diameter, patency, and Chang classification.

Results:

In SSc MRAs (n = 26), the UA was significantly smaller than the RA and was occluded in 46%. In SLE MRAs (n = 12), the UA and RA had no difference in diameter and the UA was occluded in 25%. In SSc, the most common Chang classification was type 2 (UA involvement) in 44%. In SLE, the most common Chang classification was type 4 (UA and RA involvement) in 45%, with 18% classified as type 2.

Conclusions:

Contrast-enhanced MRA used to assess hand vasculature in SSc patients with digital ischemia shows similar patterns of vascular involvement as previously demonstrated by CA. While vascular involvement in SSc predominantly involves the UA, the RA is also frequently involved in SLE.
Do journalists cater to audience's social identity? Assessing the alignment of news content with readers’ national identity orientations
Authors: Tanikawa Miki
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the use of national stereotypes and home cultural referents (so-called “domestication”) in foreign news reporting, in relation to social identity theory which posits that individuals are drawn to information/assessments that positively describe the social groups to which they belong. Through a content analysis of influential newspapers from three different countries, this study finds that foreign news coverage tends to depict the home culture favorably while generally denigrating foreign societies, consistent with the theory's predictions. The study also finds that foreign news generally portrays the foreign society negatively with or without the stereotype but that stereotyping will enhance negativity. This research also employed cultural theories to probe the reciprocal nature between the audience and the journalists, both of who may share similar cultural frames.
Portrait of liberal chaos: RT’s antagonistic strategic narration about the Netherlands
Authors: Hoyle Aiden , van den Berg Helma , Doosje Bertjan , Kitzen Martijn
Published: December 2021

Hostile political actors can use antagonistic strategic narration as a means of marring the image of targeted states in the international arena. The current article presents a content analysis of narratives about the Netherlands that were published by Russian state-sponsored media outlet RT between 2018 and 2020, capturing a period of heightened tension between the states. The authors distil and describe six overarching narratives used to portray the Netherlands as a state of liberal chaos. They analyse them using a framework of strategies underpinning Russian state-sponsored media’s narration, and interpret their strategic functions within the context of recent Dutch–Russian relations. Finally, they provide directions for future research, such as expanding on nuances within Russian media’s negative portrayals of different states or exploring the possible psychological responses this narration may elicit in the Dutch domestic audience.
Tuberculosis infection control measures and knowledge in primary health centres in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Apriani Lika , McAllister Susan , Sharples Katrina , Nurhasanah Hanifah , Aini Isni Nurul , Susilawati Nopi , Ruslami Rovina , Alisjahbana Bachti , Menzies Dick , Hill Philip C
Published: December 2021

Background

Health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to have an unacceptably high prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to high exposure to tuberculosis (TB) cases at health care facilities and often inadequate infection control measures. This can contribute to an increased risk of transmission not only to HCWs themselves but also to patients and the general population.

Aim

We assessed implementation of TB infection control measures in primary health centres (PHCs) in Bandung, Indonesia, and TB knowledge among HCWs.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2017 amongst a stratified sample of the PHCs, and their HCWs, that manage TB patients in Bandung. Questionnaires were used to assess TB infection control measures plus HCW knowledge. Summary statistics, linear regression and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis.

Results

The median number of TB infection control measures implemented in 24 PHCs was 21 of 41 assessed. Only one of five management controls was implemented, 15 of 24 administrative controls, three of nine environmental controls and one of three personal respiratory protection controls. PHCs with TB laboratory facilities and high TB case numbers were more likely to implement TB infection control measures than other PHCs ( p=0.003). In 398 HCWs, the median number of correct responses for knowledge was 10 (IQR 9–11) out of 11.

Discussion

HCWs had good TB knowledge. TB infection control measures were generally not implemented and need to be strengthened in PHCs to reduce M. tuberculosis transmission to HCWs, patients and visitors.
Diabetes status and postoperative complications for patients receiving open rotator cuff repair
Authors: Quan Theodore , Manzi Joseph Emanuele , Chen Frank R , Rauck Ryan , Recarey Melina , Roszkowska Natalia , Morrison Chenel , Zimmer Zachary R
Published: December 2021

Background

Diabetic patients are known to have poor wound healing and worse outcomes following surgeries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate diabetes status and complications for patients receiving open rotator cuff repair.

Methods

Patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair from 2006 to 2018 were identified in a national database. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts: no diabetes mellitus, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Differences in demographics, comorbidities, and complications were assessed with the use of bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Of 7678 total patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair, 6256 patients (81.5%) had no diabetes, 975 (12.7%) had NIDDM, and 447 (5.8%) had IDDM. Bivariate analyses revealed that IDDM patients had increased risk of mortality, extended length of stay, and readmission compared to non-diabetic patients ( p < 0.05 for all). IDDM patients had higher risks of major complications and readmission relative to NIDDM patients ( p < 0.05 for both). On multivariate analysis, there were no differences in any postoperative complications between the non-diabetic, NIDDM, and IDDM groups.

Discussion

Diabetes does not affect postoperative complications following open rotator cuff repairs. Physicians should be aware of this finding and counsel their patients appropriately. Level of Evidence: III
Further Mitigating the Academic-Law Enforcement Research Divide
Authors: Gayadeen S. Marlon , Phillips Scott W. , Sobol James J.
Published: December 2021

Since the 1960s, there has been well-documented incidents of the scholar-practitioner tension within policing research. Though there has been maturation in the professional partnership over the years, hindrances persist. The current study aims to advance collaborative efforts between the academic and law enforcement communities. Data for the current study derived from written documents and interviews. Results indicate that one individual, who possesses the appreciative cultural and social capital, can successfully mobilize collaborative research agendas between academics and police officers. These forms of capital (i.e., cultural and social) offer a new outlook on negotiating the obstacles that inhibit successful research collaboration between both professions. For new policing scholars, who have minimal connections with law enforcement, findings in the current study may serve as a recipe of sorts to better understand the practitioners to identify in collaborative research endeavors.
Privacy or Security: Does It Matter for Continued Use Intention of Travel Applications?
Authors: Choi Kijung , Wang Ying , Sparks Beverley A. , Choi Sejung Marina
Published: December 2021

Mobile applications (apps) critically affect travelers’ decision-making and shape their experiences. Grounded in the expectancy value approach, this study examines the relationships among expectation confirmation (usefulness, ubiquity, ease of use, incentives, and enjoyment), privacy protection, security, satisfaction, and trust, and how these factors influence travel app users’ intention to continue using the app. Phase One of the study analyzed data from 509 survey respondents via structural equation modeling. The findings show that expectation confirmation, security, satisfaction, and trust influence travelers’ intention to continue using the travel app, whereas privacy protection exerts no significant effects. Travel app users’ level of technology proficiency moderates the effect of perceived security and satisfaction on the intention to continue use. In Phase Two, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the key findings from Phase One. This study contributes to the literature by examining expectation confirmation, perceived values of privacy protection, and security of travel app users in a single model to explain individuals’ satisfaction, trust, and continued use intention. The study findings also offer strategic implications for travel app developers as well as hospitality and tourism service providers and marketers on how to deliver a high-quality experience, enhance satisfaction and trust, and increase continued use intention among travel app users.
Quantifying Aerosol Generation in Maxillofacial Trauma Repair Techniques
Authors: McCann Adam , Singerman Kyle , Coxe James , Singletary John , Wang Jun , Collar Ryan , Hsieh Tsung-yen
Published: December 2021

Study Design

Cadaveric simulation study.

Objective

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which can be transmitted via aerosolized viral particles, has directed focus on protection of healthcare workers during procedures involving the upper aerodigestive tract, including maxillofacial trauma repair. This study evaluates particle generation at different distances from open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of maxillofacial injuries in the intraoperative setting to reduce the risk of contracting airborne diseases such as COVID-19.

Methods

Two cadaveric specimens in a simulated operating room underwent ORIF of midface and mandible fractures via intraoral incisions as well as maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) using hybrid arch bars. ORIF was performed with both self-drilling screws and with the use of a power drill for creating guide holes. Real-time aerosol concentration was measured throughout each procedure using 3 particle counters placed 0.45, 1.68, and 3.81 m (1.5, 5.5, and 12.5 feet, respectively) from the operative site.

Results

There was a significant decrease in particle concentration in all procedures at 1.68 m compared to 0.45 m, but only 2 of the 5 procedures showed further significant decrease in particle concentration when going from 1.68 to 3.81 m from the operative site. There was significantly less particle concentration generated at all distances when using self-drilling techniques compared to power drilling for ORIF.

Conclusions

Consideration of using self-drilling screwing techniques as well as maintaining physical distancing protocols may decrease risk of transmission of airborne diseases such as COVID-19 while in the intraoperative setting.
The impact of maternal child- and self-oriented pain-related injustice appraisals upon maternal attention to child pain, attention to anger, and pain-attending behavior
Authors: Baert Fleur , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri , Sanchez-Lopez Alvaro , Miller Megan M , Hirsh Adam T , Trost Zina , Vervoort Tine
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The current study investigated the role of maternal child- and self-oriented injustice appraisals about child pain in understanding maternal attention for child pain and adult anger cues and pain-attending behavior.

Methods

Forty-four children underwent a painful cold pressor task (CPT) while their mother observed. Eye tracking was used to measure maternal attention to child pain and adult anger cues. Initial attention allocation and attentional maintenance were indexed by probability of first fixation and gaze duration, respectively. Maternal pain-attending behaviors toward the child were videotaped and coded after CPT completion. Mothers also rated the intensity of pain and anger cues used in the free-viewing tasks. All analyses controlled for maternal catastrophizing about child pain.

Results

Neither child-oriented nor self-oriented injustice was associated with maternal attentional bias toward child pain. Regarding attention toward self-relevant anger cues, differential associations were observed for self- and child-oriented injustice appraisals, with maternal self-oriented injustice being associated with a greater probability of first fixating on anger and with higher anger ratings, whereas maternal child-oriented injustice was associated with enhanced attentional maintenance toward anger. Neither type of maternal injustice appraisals was associated with maternal pain-attending behavior, which was only associated with maternal catastrophizing.

Conclusions

The current study sheds light on potential differential mechanisms through which maternal self- vs. child-oriented injustice appraisals may exert their impact on parent and child pain-related outcomes. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.
The Interplay Between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues
Authors: Chat Iris Ka-Yi , Dunning Erin E. , Bart Corinne P. , Carroll Ann L. , Grehl Mora M. , Damme Katherine S. F. , Abramson Lyn Y. , Nusslock Robin , Alloy Lauren B.
Published: December 2021

The reward-hypersensitivity model posits that trait reward hypersensitivity should elicit hyper/hypo-approach motivation following exposure to recent life events that activate (goal striving and goal attainment) or deactivate (goal failure) the reward system, respectively. To test these hypotheses, we had 87 young adults with high trait reward (HRew) sensitivity or moderate trait reward (MRew) sensitivity report frequency of life events via the Life Event Interview. Brain activation was assessed during the functional MRI monetary-incentive-delay task. Greater exposure to goal-striving events was associated with higher nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward anticipation among HRew participants and lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reward anticipation among MRew participants. Greater exposure to goal-failure events was associated with higher NAc and OFC reward anticipation only among HRew participants. This study demonstrated different neural reward anticipation (but not outcome) following reward-relevant events for HRew individuals compared with MRew individuals. Trait reward sensitivity and reward-relevant life events may jointly modulate reward-related brain function, which has implications for understanding psychopathology.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Stress: Coping with the New Normal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anjana , Ghosh Tatini
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is the new face of pandemic. Since the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, it has spread all over the world and the numbers are increasing day by day. Anyone can be susceptible to this infection but children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with comorbidity are more vulnerable. The spread of coronavirus resulted in closures of schools, businesses, and public spaces worldwide and forced many communities to enact stay at home orders, causing stress to all irrespective of their age, gender, or socioeconomic status. The sudden and unexpected changes caused by the outbreak of coronavirus are overwhelming for both adults and children, causing stress and evoking negative emotions like fear, anxiety, and depression, among different populations. The aim of the paper is to ascertain how stress during this pandemic inculcates various psychological health issues like depression anxiety, OCD, panic behavior, and so on. Further, the paper is an attempt to identify different general as well as population specific coping strategies to reduce the stress level among individuals and prevent various stress-induced psychological disorders with reference to different theories and research articles.
The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Jena Belayneh Hamdela , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu
Published: December 2021

Background

Stillbirth is an invisible and poorly understood adverse pregnancy outcome that remains a challenge in clinical practice in low-resource settings. It is also a key concern in Ethiopia where more than half of pregnancies occur shortly after preceding childbirth. Whether the interval between pregnancies has an effect on stillbirth or not is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 2578 pregnant women and followed until delivery. Baseline data were collected at the household level during registration and enrolment. End-line data were collected from hospitals during delivery. Exposed groups were pregnant women with inter-pregnancy intervals < 18 months and 18–23 months. Unexposed group contains women with inter-pregnancy intervals 24–60 months. A generalized linear model for binary outcome was applied, using R version 4.0.5 software. Relative risk (RR) was used to estimate the effect size with a 95% confidence level. Attributable fraction (AF) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were used to report the public health impact of exposure.

Results

The overall incidence of stillbirth was 15 per 1000 total births, (95% CI: 11, 20%). However, the incidence was varied across months of inter-pregnancy intervals; 30 (< 18 months), 8 (18–23 months) and 10 (24–60 months) per 1000 total births. The risk of stillbirth was nearly four times (ARR = 3.55, 95%CI: 1.64, 7.68) higher for women with inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months as compared to 24–60 months. This means, about 72% (AF = 72, 95%CI: 39, 87%) of stillbirth among the exposed group (inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months category) and 42% (PAF = 42, 95%CI: 23, 50%) of stillbirth in the study population were attributed to inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months. These could be prevented with an inter-pregnancy interval that is at least 18 months or longer.

Conclusions

Inter-pregnancy interval under 18 months increases the risk of stillbirth in this population in urban South Ethiopia. Interventions targeting factors contributing to short inter-pregnancy intervals could help in reducing the risk of stillbirth. Improving contraceptive utilization in the community could be one of these interventions.
Minimum size and positioning of imaging field for CBCT-scans of impacted lower third molars: a retrospective study
Authors: Ilo Anne-Mari , Ekholm Marja , Pakbaznejad Esmaeili Elmira , Waltimo-Sirén Janna
Published: December 2021

Background

Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used for preoperative 3D imaging of lower third molars. Hence, for this imaging indication, the present study aimed to define the minimum field-of-view (FOV) size and its optimum placement, to decrease radiation exposure, and highlight the need of computer-assisted FOV centering technique for dental CBCT devices. To facilitate proper placement of image field, lower second molar was chosen as reference.

Methods

The retrospective study included 50 CBCT-scans of 46 patients with mean age of 34 years. Based on the lower second molar, a three-dimensional coordinate was formed and the location of mandibular canal (MC) and the dimensions and locations of the lower third molars, and possible associated pathological findings were assessed. Accordingly, the FOV size and position for third-molar imaging were optimized, while ensuring encompassment of all relevant structures.

Results

The minimum cylindrical volume, covering lower third molars and MC, was 32.1 (diameter) × 31.6 (height) mm, placed in relation to the second molar crown, top 2.2 mm above cusp tips, anterior edge 6.7 mm in the front of the most distal point of the crown, and lingual edge 7.9 mm on the medial side of the lingual wall.

Conclusions

The optimized FOV for lower third molars was smaller than common standard small FOVs. We recommend using FOV volume 3.5∅ × 3.5 cm for third molars without associated pathology. Accurate FOV protocols are essential for development of new CBCT-devices with computer-assisted and indication-specific FOV placement.
Evaluation of a program for routine implementation of shared decision-making in cancer care: results of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: Scholl Isabelle , Hahlweg Pola , Lindig Anja , Frerichs Wiebke , Zill Jördis , Cords Hannah , Bokemeyer Carsten , Coym Anja , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Smeets Ralf , Vollkommer Tobias , Witzel Isabell , Härter Martin , Kriston Levente
Published: December 2021

Background

Shared decision-making (SDM) is preferred by many patients in cancer care. However, despite scientific evidence and promotion by health policy makers, SDM implementation in routine health care lags behind. This study aimed to evaluate an empirically and theoretically grounded implementation program for SDM in cancer care.

Methods

In a stepped wedge design, three departments of a comprehensive cancer center sequentially received the implementation program in a randomized order. It included six components: training for health care professionals (HCPs), individual coaching for physicians, patient activation intervention, patient information material/decision aids, revision of quality management documents, and reflection on multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs). Outcome evaluation comprised four measurement waves. The primary endpoint was patient-reported SDM uptake using the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire. Several secondary implementation outcomes were assessed. A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted to evaluate reach and fidelity. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models, qualitative content analysis, and descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 2,128 patient questionnaires, 559 questionnaires from 408 HCPs, 132 audio recordings of clinical encounters, and 842 case discussions from 66 MDTMs were evaluated. There was no statistically significant improvement in the primary endpoint SDM uptake. Patients in the intervention condition were more likely to experience shared or patient-lead decision-making than in the control condition (d=0.24). HCPs in the intervention condition reported more knowledge about SDM than in the control condition (d = 0.50). In MDTMs the quality of psycho-social information was lower in the intervention than in the control condition (d = − 0.48). Further secondary outcomes did not differ statistically significantly between conditions. All components were implemented in all departments, but reach was limited (e.g., training of 44% of eligible HCPs) and several adaptations occurred (e.g., reduced dose of coaching).

Conclusions

The process evaluation provides possible explanations for the lack of statistically significant effects in the primary and most of the secondary outcomes. Low reach and adaptations, particularly in dose, may explain the results. Other or more intensive approaches are needed for successful department-wide implementation of SDM in routine cancer care. Further research is needed to understand factors influencing implementation of SDM in cancer care.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03393351, registered 8 January 2018.