bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do regional characteristics influence PPP contract governance skills requirements?
Authors: Umar Abdullahi Ahmed , Zawawi Noor Amila Wan Abdullah , Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to seek, on the basis of Hofstede's culture consequences, to explore the notion that regional characteristics may influence the prioritisation of certain types of public-private partnerships (PPP) contract governance skills over others. It further sets out to determine which skills are considered the most critical between the groups of respondents surveyed.

Design/methodology/approach

To bring this important and neglected perspective into the mainstream of PPP discussions, the study, being of an exploratory nature, relied on a survey of 340 respondents from around the globe. The respondents are a rich mix of public policy experts, economists, construction professionals, project finance experts, lawyers and academic researchers in PPP.s.

Findings

Analysis revealed that, regional characteristics was an important factor influencing skills prioritisation. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis with Monte Carlo principal component analysis (PCA) confirmation revealed that project management, contract design, negotiations, performance management and stakeholder management skills were very critical for successful contract management of PPP projects.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that the design and implementation of regulatory governance for infrastructure PPPs should be context-specific rather than the current one-size-fits all model. Training should be tailored to reflect regional specific characteristics.

Originality/value

Studies are increasingly pointing to the absence of critical PPP skills among institutions responsible for managing PPP contracts. This lack of capacity has resulted in poor oversight of private companies providing public services resulting in poor services, and financial recklessness, which threaten the sustainability of service provision.
Family incivility and service delivery of frontline hotel employees: roles of negative rumination, psychological capital and perceived organisational support
Authors: Kuriakose Vijay , T S Dhanya , Hycinth Frank
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study anchoring on the theory of conservation of resources examines the relationship between family incivility, negative rumination and service delivery. This study also analyses the mediating role of negative rumination in the relationship between family incivility and service delivery. This study also examines psychological capital and perceived organisational support (POS) as boundary conditions influencing the relationships postulated in the study.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the relationships among the variables, responses were drawn from 419 frontline hotel employees at two-time points and the hypothesised relationships were tested using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The structural equation modelling analysis proved that family incivility is negatively related to service delivery. It was also found that family incivility is positively associated with negative rumination and an inverse relationship between negative rumination and service delivery. This study also found support for the mediating role of negative rumination and the moderating roles of psychological capital and perceived organisational support.

Practical implications

This study findings extend the theory and provide guidelines for managers to mitigate the adverse effect of family incivility on employees and their service delivery. Employees and managers can use psychological capital and POS as strategies to prevent the spill-over effect of family incivility on service delivery.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior studies have examined the effect of family incivility on service delivery. By establishing the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions, this study adds value to the theory and practice.
The impact of CSR on rural women custodians of seed, food and climate change resilience in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo-Obasi Elda Nduka
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on development of enterprising rural women as custodians of seed, food and traditional knowledge for climate change resilience in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 rural women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region in Nigeria.

Findings

The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicated that the meagre interventions of MOCs’ CSR targeted at the empowerment of rural women as custodians of seed, food and traditional knowledge for climate change resilience recorded significant success in improving the role of women in agricultural production, especially in women’s involvement across value chains.

Practical implications

This suggests that any increase in the MOCs’ CSR targeted at increasing rural women’s access to seed preservation facilities, food processing facilities and extension systems that impact a strong body of knowledge and expertise that can be used in climate change mitigation, disaster reduction and adaptation strategies will enhance women’s responsibilities in households and communities as stewards of natural and household resources and will position them well to contribute to livelihood strategies adapted to changing environmental realities.

Social implications

This implies that MOCs’ GMoUs’ policies and practices should enhance women’s participation, value and recognize women’s knowledge and enable women as well as men farmers to participate in the decision-making process in agriculture, food production and land governance, as women need to be acknowledged and supported as the primary producers of food in the region, able to both cultivate healthy food and climate change resilience through small-scale agro-ecological farming system.

Originality/value

This research contributes to gender debate in agriculture from a CSR perspective in developing countries and explains the rational for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help solve problems of public concern.
The role of digitalization in the FDI – income inequality relationship in developed and developing countries
Authors: Nguyen Van Bon
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The study aims to use individuals using the internet and fixed broadband subscriptions as a proxy for digitalization to empirically assess the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), digitalization and their interaction on income inequality in developed and developing countries from 2002 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper used the system general method of moments estimators for 30 developed and 35 developing countries.

Findings

FDI increases income inequality in developed countries but decreases it in developing countries, digitalization reduces income inequality in both groups and interaction term narrows income inequality in developed countries but widens it in developing countries.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to introduce digitalization into the FDI – income inequality relationship. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence to show the difference in the role of digitalization in this relationship between developed and developing countries.
Umbilical cord blood acid–base analysis at birth and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Myrhaug Hilde Tinderholt , Kaasen Anne , Pay Aase Serine Devold , Henriksen Lena , Smedslund Geir , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Blix Ellen
Published: April 2023

Background

Umbilical cord blood acid–base sampling is routinely performed at many hospitals. Recent studies have questioned this practice and the association of acidosis with cerebral palsy.

Objective

To investigate the associations between the results of umbilical cord blood acid–base analysis at birth and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality in children.

Search strategy

We searched six databases using the search strategy: umbilical cord AND outcomes.

Selection criteria

Randomised controlled trials, cohorts and case–control studies from high‐income countries that investigated the association between umbilical cord blood analysis and neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality from 1 year after birth in children born at term.

Data collection and analysis

We critically assessed the included studies, extracted data and conducted meta‐analyses comparing adverse outcomes between children with and without acidosis, and the mean proportions of adverse outcomes. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.

Main results

We have very low confidence in the following findings: acidosis was associated with higher cognitive development scores compared with non‐acidosis (mean difference 5.18, 95% CI 0.84–9.52; n = two studies). Children with acidosis also showed a tendency towards higher risk of death (relative risk [RR] 5.72, 95% CI 0.90–36.27; n = four studies) and CP (RR 3.40, 95% CI 0.86–13.39; n = four studies), although this was not statistically significant. The proportion of children with CP was 2.39/1000 across the studies, assessed as high certainty evidence.

Conclusion

Due to low certainty of evidence, the associations between umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children remains unclear.
Estimating SNAP purchasing power and its effect on participation
Authors: Li Qingxiao , Çakır Metin
Published: April 2023

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to improve food security among low‐income households and is one of the largest safety net programs in the United States. SNAP benefits are legislated at the federal level and fixed across the contiguous United States. Hence, due to regional food price differences, the real value of SNAP benefits is unequal and could have consequential impacts on program participation. This paper estimates the extent to which SNAP purchasing power differs across states by constructing the first spatially and temporally consistent Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) price index using retail scanner data for the period 2006–2016. We find that the difference in the real value of SNAP benefits between the highest and the lowest cost states ranges from 5% to 9% for a household of four during the sample period. Subsequently, we estimate the effect of real SNAP benefits on program participation. Our results show that a 10% increase in SNAP purchasing power leads to a 0.9 percentage point increase in the SNAP caseload per capita and an 8.1 percentage point increase in the SNAP caseload per eligible individual. We show that these effects would be overlooked if the TFP price index is not corrected for expenditure and outlet biases.
Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms are associated with neonatal left amygdala microstructure in a sex‐dependent way
Authors: Hashempour Niloofar , Tuulari Jetro J. , Merisaari Harri , Acosta Henriette , Lewis John D. , Pelto Juho , Scheinin Noora M. , Fonov Vladimir S. , Collins D. Louis , Lehtola Satu J. , Saunavaara Jani , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Parkkola Riitta , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse
Published: April 2023

Exposures to prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (PMDS) may lead to neurodevelopmental changes in the offspring in a sex‐dependent way. Although a connection between PMDS and infant brain development has been established by earlier studies, the relationship between PMDS exposures measured at various prenatal stages and microstructural alterations in fundamental subcortical structures such as the amygdala remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations between PMDS measured during gestational weeks 14, 24 and 34 and infant amygdala microstructural properties using diffusion tensor imaging. We explored amygdala mean diffusivity (MD) alterations in response to PMDS in infants aged 11 to 54 days from birth. PMDS had no significant main effect on the amygdala MD metrics. However, there was a significant interaction effect for PMDS and infant sex in the left amygdala MD. Compared with girls, boys exposed to greater PMDS during gestational week 14 showed significantly higher left amygdala MD. These results indicate that PMDS are linked to infants' amygdala microstructure in boys. These associations may be relevant to later neuropsychiatric outcomes in the offspring. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms underlying these associations and to develop effective interventions to counteract any potential adverse consequences.
Comprehensive analysis of supervised algorithms for coronary artery heart disease detection
Authors: Dhanka Sanjay , Bhardwaj Vibhor Kumar , Maini Surita
Published: April 2023

The mortality rate of cardiovascular disease is increasing at an alarming rate and affects more than 31% of the world's population. The increment in obesity, strain, high blood pressure, concern, high body mass index, depression, high glucose level, and high cholesterol are the key factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases cause 80% of cardiovascular diseases with a higher mortality rate, out of which Coronary Artery Heart Disease (CAHD) causes 25% of the fatality. CAHD fatality can be minimized by early diagnosis. However, due to common symptoms of the non‐fatal disease, CAHD is often ignored by the patients and the health care team. In this paper, the authors comprehensively analysed and compared the two supervised Machine Learning models, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR) and XGBoost, for the early diagnosis of CAHD. The models are applied to a benchmark dataset (Statlog heart disease dataset). The model's parameters are also optimized by performing the Random SearchCV hyperparameter tuning. The comprehensive study is performed on both non‐optimized and optimized models as well as compared to the other well‐known existing models. After parametric optimization, both the models exhibit higher accuracy, i.e., LR 87.78% and XGBoost 91.85%, compared to the non‐optimized techniques, i.e., LR = 83.33% and XGBoost = 77.77%.
Characteristics of phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with genotypic antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study in Ningxia
Authors: Hu Shengjuan , Zhou Yan , Deng Yanhong , Bo Yang , Chen Xianmei , Yang Wei , Shi Ruichun , Zhao Wei , Hou Zhanbing , Hu Jianping , Liu Jianguo , Zhang Xilong , Yong Heli , Wang Ping , Li Fei , Qi Hailong , Wang Xiaoyun , Jin Lijuan , Cui Ting , Yong Haijiang , Li Xue , Yang Bin , Yu Yuehua , Ma Bin , Fu Lei , Wang Xuemei , Ma Zhen , Tang Na , You Yanjie , Guo Jianyang , Yu Xiaobing , Yao Li , Gao Ruiping , Li Yanling , Xin Ruijuan , Liu Jianfang , Cao Zhenzi , Li Hongliang , Ma Linke , Ma Shoucheng , Cao Ying , Tang Yuanyuan , Liu Jun , Hao Qian , Li Xiaofei , Li Xuemei , Mu Rui , Niu Min , Su Xiaoming , Gao Hengjun
Published: April 2023

Background

Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance.

Methods

Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed.

Results

We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline‐resistant and one furazolidone‐resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug‐resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement.

Conclusion

H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.
Congenital, Strangulated Femoral Hernia in an infant aged six months containing the Ovary and Fallopian Tube
Authors: King Richard
Published: April 2023

A case is presented of a strangulated sliding femoral hernia containing the ovary and fallopian tube. The sac was almost certainly congenital in origin, and the strangulation was successfully dealt with by operation.
The biogeography of extant lungfishes traces the breakup of Gondwana
Authors: Brownstein Chase Doran , Harrington Richard C , Near Thomas J.
Published: April 2023

Aim

Lungfishes are one of the two surviving clades from the once diverse grade of lobe‐finned fishes leading to tetrapods. This classic living fossil lineage, which is the living sister to four‐limbed terrestrial vertebrates, appeared approximately 425 million years ago and rapidly diversified. However, the evolution of lungfishes after their initial radiation is poorly understood, and whether their present distribution tracks ancient geographical change is a classic problem in biogeography.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Lungfishes (Dipnoi).

Methods

Here, we combine mitogenomic, nuclear gene and fossil data to reconstruct the timing of lungfish diversification a Bayesian tip‐dating approach to quantitatively test hypotheses of lungfish historical biogeography and divergence times. We sample all major living and extinct lungfish lineages, including three of the four species of African lungfishes (Protopterusspp.), the Australian lungfishNeoceratodus forsteri, the South American lungfishLepidosiren paradoxaand 13 fossils representing extinct lineages from across the globe.

Results

Our results demonstrate that the divergences of the three major living lungfish clades closely recapitulate the stepwise fragmentation of the Gondwana during the Mesozoic. All of our model‐based biogeographical reconstructions support a Gondwanan vicariance model for the origins of the present distribution of lungfish lineages.

Conclusions

In turn, lungfishes provide an excellent example of how the integration of fossil data may drastically change support for historical biogeographical hypotheses previously discounted by molecular data and are one of the few living animal lineages that record incredibly ancient geographical changes in their phylogeny.
Bilateral fluctuation asymmetry of otoliths of Collichthys lucidus in different functional areas of Haizhou Bay
Authors: Gao Shike , Zhang Xiao , Shu Ruilin , Zhang Shuo , Lu Jikun , Fu Guanghui
Published: April 2023

The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of fish otoliths can reflect the difference in the growth and development of fish in sea areas greatly affected by environmental pressure, thus enabling the assessment of different habitats. In this study, using 113 Collichthys lucidus samples collected from different functional areas (estuary area, aquaculture area, artificial reef area and natural area) in Haizhou Bay, the square coefficient of asymmetry variation (CV2a) of four characters (length, width, perimeter and area) of the left and right sagittal otoliths was calculated. The results showed that the CV2a value of otolith width was the lowest and that of otolith length was the highest. The CV2a value had no obvious regularity with increasing fish body length. In addition, the CV2a values of the four characteristics reached their lowest values in the artificial reef area, indicating that the construction of marine ranching dominated by artificial reefs may partly improve the aquatic environment in this functional area. We consider that the otolith FA of C. lucidus can be used as a characteristic of environmental stress between different areas/regions/habitats.
Psychological trauma among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic with strategies for healing and resilience: An integrative review
Authors: Boyden Gerri‐Lyn , Brisbois Maryellen
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify nurses' responses to psychological trauma and strategies to support nurses' healing and resilience during COVID‐19 and generate creative integrated understandings of nurses' responses to psychological trauma and strategies supporting nurses' healing and resilience during COVID‐19.

Background

COVID‐19 exacerbated trauma already experienced by some nurses. Nursing leadership called for action to improve nurses' mental health and resilience. However, policy changes have been rudimentary and insufficiently funded. Negative impacts manifesting as mental health disorders may significantly disrupt care quality, deepen nursing shortages and de‐stabilize healthcare systems. Building nurses' capacity to respond with resilience is widely indicated for countering harmful effects of psychological trauma and enabling professional longevity.

Design

Integrative review design was used to support discovery of emergent knowledge, as phenomena of interest lacked a traditional empirical evidence base.

Methods

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health, and PubMed databases were searched for nursing publications, January–October 2020. Search words included nurs*, COVID‐19, Coronavirus, pandemic, post‐traumatic stress disorder, trauma, mental health, resilience. PRISMA Checklist standards guided reporting. Joanna Briggs Institute tools facilitated quality measurement. Inclusion criteria were English language and nursing focus on trauma, healing or resilience strategies. Thirty‐five articles met inclusion criteria. Elo and Kyngäs' qualitative content analysis method guided thematic analysis.

Results

Findings suggest dysfunctional responses for some nurses to COVID‐19 trauma, or living fearful, uncertain and unstable. Findings also reveal numerous potential regenerative healing and resilience strategies for nurses, or living whole, optimistic and supported. Individual actions of self‐care, adjustment, social connection and finding meaning, coupled with workplace changes, hold potential to improve nurses' future.

Conclusions

Risks to nurses' mental health from COVID‐19's extraordinary intensity and duration of trauma warrant timely research.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses' responses to COVID‐19 trauma are complex, but strategies for professional resilience are abundant.
Melatonin protects against developmental PBDE‐47 neurotoxicity by targeting the AMPK/mitophagy axis
Authors: Dong Lixin , Sun Qian , Qiu Haixia , Yang Kaichao , Xiao Boya , Xia Tao , Wang Aiguo , Gao Hui , Zhang Shun
Published: April 2023

The neurotoxicity of 2,2’,4,4’‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE‐47) is closely linked to mitochondrial abnormalities while mitophagy is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis. However, whether PBDE‐47 disrupts mitophagy contributing to impaired neurodevelopment remain elusive. Here, this study showed that neonatal PBDE‐47 exposure caused learning and memory deficits in adult rats, accompanied with striatal mitochondrial abnormalities, neuronal apoptosis and the resultant neuronal loss. Mechanistically, PBDE‐47 suppressed PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy induction and degradation, inducing mitophagosome accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, stimulation of mitophagy by adenovirus‐mediated Parkin or Autophagy‐related protein 7 (Atg7) overexpression aggravated PBDE‐47‐induced mitophagosome accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis and death. Conversely, suppression of mitophagy by the siRNA knockdown of Atg7 rescued PBDE‐47‐induced detrimental consequences. Importantly, melatonin, a hormone secreted rhythmically by the pineal, improved PBDE‐47‐caused neurotoxicity via preventing neuronal apoptosis and loss by restoring mitophagic activity and mitochondrial function. These neuroprotective effects of melatonin depended on activation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling. Collectively, these data indicate that PBDE‐47 impairs mitophagy to perturb mitochondrial homeostasis, thus triggering apoptosis, leading to neuronal loss and consequent neurobehavioral deficits. Manipulation of the AMPK‐mitophagy axis via melatonin could be a novel therapeutic strategy against developmental PBDE‐47 neurotoxicity.
Effects of obstructive sleep apnea during rapid eye movement sleep on cardiac autonomic dysfunction: Results from the Shanghai sleep health study cohort
Authors: Huang Weijun , Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Xiaoting , Zhou Tianjiao , Zhao Xiaolong , Xu Huajun , Li Xinyi , Guan Jian , Yi Hongliang , Yin Shankai
Published: April 2023

In our large‐scale study, the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and cardiac autonomic dysfunction was assessed by standard polysomnography (PSG). Cardiac autonomic dysfunction was evaluated by the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV). The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was determined using the cross‐sectional prevalence of CVD and its overall 10 year risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS). 4152 individuals were included in the study. A higher apnea–hypopnea index during REM sleep (AHIREM) was correlated with increased CVD risk. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for CVD prevalence and its high 10 year risk in participants having severe OSA during REM sleep (AHIREM ≥30 events/h) were 1.452 (1.012–2.084) and 1.904 (1.470–2.466) in the demographic adjusted model and 1.175 (0.810–1.704) and 1.716 (1.213–2.427) in the multivariate adjusted model, respectively, compared with the group with a AHIREM of <5 events/h. Fully adjusted multivariate linear regression models showed the independent association between AHIREM and a more elevated ratio of low‐frequency and high‐frequency (LF/HF) and LF in normalised units [LF (n.u.)] (P = 0.042, P = 0.027 in all participants and P = 0.033, P = 0.029 in participants with AHI during non‐REM sleep <5 events/h, respectively). Mediation analysis demonstrated that OSA during REM sleep and CVD risk was significantly mediated by LF/HF and LF (n.u.). OSA during REM sleep may be a marker behind CVD risk because it promotes cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Preschool predictors of loneliness in school‐age children
Authors: Evans Lindsey M. , Hopkins Joyce , Lavigne John V. , Gouze Karen R.
Published: April 2023

Chronic loneliness is a risk factor associated with adverse psychological, physical, and academic outcomes. Converging evidence suggests that young children experience and can reliably report on their own loneliness: thus, a clearer understanding of the risk factors for child loneliness is needed. The aims of this study were two‐fold: (a) to examine if temperament (i.e., negative affect, effortful control, inhibitory control), and attachment security assessed at the age of four predict loneliness at the age of six and (b) to determine if social competence at the age of five mediates the relation between temperament and attachment security at the age of four and loneliness at the age of six. Participants included a diverse sample of 796 4‐year‐old children, about half of whom were male. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that lower levels of effortful control and inhibitory control at the age of four significantly predicted greater loneliness at the age of six. Also, while lower levels of negative affect (NA) and higher levels of effortful control and attachment security at the age of four significantly predicted higher levels of social competence at the age of five, social competence at the age of five did not predict loneliness at the age of six. There was no evidence that social competence at the age of five mediated the relation between the age of four temperament, attachment security, and the age of six loneliness. These findings reveal that early self‐regulation is associated with later child‐reported loneliness and that intervention for children who struggle with behavioral regulation may be effective in decreasing risk for later loneliness.
Budgetary investment in evidence‐based practice by chief nurses and stronger EBP cultures are associated with less turnover and better patient outcomes
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Hsieh Andreanna Pavan , Messinger Jeffery , Thomas Bindu , Connor Linda , Gallagher‐Ford Lynn
Published: April 2023

Background

Hospitals and healthcare systems strive to meet benchmarks for the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicator (NDNQI) measures, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Core Measures, and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) outcome indicators. Prior research indicates that Chief Nursing Officers and Executives (CNOs, CNEs) believe that evidence‐based practice (EBP) is important for ensuring the quality of care, but they allocate little funding to its implementation and report it as a low priority in their healthcare system. It is not known how EBP budget investment by chief nurses affects NDNQI, CMS Core Measures, and HCAHPS indicators or key EBP attributes and nurse outcomes.

Aims

This study aimed to generate evidence on the relationships among the budget devoted to EBP by chief nurses and its impact on key patient and nurse outcomes along with EBP attributes.

Methods

A descriptive correlational design was used. An online survey was sent to CNO and CNE members (N = 5026) of various national and regional nurse leader professional organizations across the United States in two recruitment rounds. Data collected included CNO/CNE EBP Beliefs, EBP Implementation, and perceived organizational culture of EBP; organizational culture, structure, personnel, and resources for EBP; percent of budget dedicated to EBP; key performance measures (NDNQI, CMS Core Measures, HCAHPS); nurse satisfaction; nurse turnover; and demographic questions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sample characteristics. Kendall's Tau correlation coefficients were calculated among EBP budget, nursing outcome measures, and EBP measures.

Results

One hundred and fifteen CNEs/CNOs completed the survey (a 2.3% response rate). The majority (60.9%) allocated <5% of their budget to EBP, with a third investing none. An increase in EBP budget was associated with fewer patient falls and trauma, less nursing turnover, and stronger EBP culture and other positive EBP attributes. A greater number of EBP projects were also associated with better patient outcomes.

Linking Evidence to Action

Chief nurse executives and CNOs allocate very little of their budgets to EBP. When CNEs and CNOs invest more in EBP, patient, nursing, and EBP outcomes improve. System‐wide implementation of EBP, which includes appropriate EBP budget allocation, is necessary for improvements in hospital quality indicators and nursing turnover.
A Deep Study on a Particle-Water Coupled Fast Induction Heating System
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2023

A particle induction heating method to promote electrical heating performance for water is studied in this paper. The method sinks metal particles (we chose Nickel particles) inside water, and uses a radio frequency (RF) oscillating magnetic field to heat the particle bed. The heat generated on the surface of particles by electrical eddy current further raises the temperature of water. Our experimental results show that this thermal process has a remarkably high heating rate owing to the huge heat dissipation area of particles (in some experiment cases, water boils in seconds, even though the volume ratio of particle to water is only 1:89). To describe the physical nature of the process, a mathematical model is proposed. And our numerical simulation results generated from the model agree very well with the experimental data. However, some parameters used in the model are not easily obtainable for engineering application. Thereafter, to predict the temperature for the heating process, at the end of this work, artificial intelligent neural network architecture is further proposed.
Erratum to “Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Conductivity Measurements of a Reactive Magnesium Manganese Oxide Porous Bed Using a Transient Hot Wire Method,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 143(10), p. 104502, DOI: 10.1115/1.4052081
Authors: Hayes Michael
Published: April 2023

Some correlation values in the original work (Ref. 1) were not presented with enough decimal places. These errata update these values and present some revised results.
Algebraic Modeling of Cylindrical Interference-Free Power-Skiving Tool for Involute Internal Gear Cutting With Tilt Angle
Authors: Tsai Chung-Yu
Published: April 2023

The development of feasible methods for the design of power-skiving tools without cutting interference is essential in ensuring the accuracy of involute internal machined gears. One of the most crucial points in obtaining interference-free and resharpenable power-skiving tools is that of determining the cutting-edge and clearance surface. The present study introduces a tilt angle during the power-skiving process to design a simple cylindrical interference-free tool shape, in which the shape of the cutting edge remains unchanged after resharpening. The relative position between the new tool center point and gear during machining is similarly unchanged after resharpening. In addition, the clearance angle between the tool and the gear can be easily adjusted simply by changing the tilt angle of the tool during power-skiving. The validity of the proposed design method is demonstrated through a simple numerical example. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.
Localization of a remote source in a noisy deep ocean sound channel using
phase-only matched autoproduct processing
Authors: Geroski David J. , Johnson Jay R. , Dowling David R.
Published: April 2023

Long-range passive source localization is possible in the deep ocean using phase-only matched autoproduct processing (POMAP) [Geroski and Dowling (2021). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 150, 171–182], an algorithm based on matched field processing that is more robust to environmental mismatch. This paper extends these prior POMAP results by analyzing the localization performance of this algorithm in the presence of environmental noise. The noise rejection performance of POMAP is assessed using both simulated and measured signal data, with noise data based on environmental noise measurements. Herein, signal and noise measurements are from the nominally one-year-long PhilSea10 ocean acoustic propagation experiment. All signals were recorded from a single moored source, placed near the ocean sound channel 129.4 km away from a nearly water-column-spanning distributed vertical line array. The source transmitted linear frequency modulated chirps with nominal bandwidth from 200 to 300 Hz. The noise measurements used in this study were collected in the months after this source stopped transmitting, and synthetic samples of noise are calculated based on the characteristics of this measured noise. The effect that noise rejection algorithms have on the source localization performance of POMAP is also evaluated, but only 1 dB of performance improvement is achieved using these.
An Investigation Into Voluntary Occupational Turnover of Sport Employees Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change
Authors: Saxe Kelsie , Beasley Lauren , Taylor Elizabeth , Hardin Robin
Published: April 2023

Voluntary occupational turnover is rampant within the economy and, thus, a timely line of inquiry within sport management. However, sport management literature has primarily explored turnover intentions rather than the realized experience of voluntary occupational turnover. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand sport management employees’ experiences of voluntary occupational turnover using the Transtheoretical Model of Change as a guiding theoretical framework. Interpretative qualitative inquiry guided the research design with 12 former Division I swimming coaches. Findings illustrated themes aligning with the Transtheoretical Model of Change. However, an additional theme was identified: the tipping point, occurring between contemplation and preparation when a discernible event occurred which prompted the participant to move from contemplation to preparation. This study further extends the Transtheoretical Model of Change and its applicability within sport while providing implications regarding the retention of sport management employees.
Impact Magnitude and Symmetry in Females During Return to Sport Tasks Measured With Inertial Sensors
Authors: Chaaban Courtney R. , King Camille , Padua Darin A.
Published: April 2023

Context: Impact magnitude, such as peak tibial acceleration, may be associated with lower extremity injury risk and can be measured with an inertial sensor. An understanding of impact magnitude across functional tasks could guide clinicians in exercise prescription during rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries. Objectives: To determine (1) differences in impact magnitude based on task and (2) which tasks have asymmetrical impact magnitude based on limb dominance. Design: Observational cohort design. Thirty-three healthy, recreationally active adult females participated in 1 testing session on a basketball court. Methods: Participants wore inertial sensors with embedded accelerometers on bilateral distal shanks. Participants completed 9 plyometric, speed, and agility tasks commonly utilized during the return to sport phase of lower extremity rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures: Average impact magnitude (peak tibial acceleration in multiples of gravity, g) for each limb for each task. Analyses: We used a repeated-measures analysis of variance (factor: task) to determine the differences in impact magnitude based on task. We categorized tasks by magnitude of impact into low, medium, high, and very high impact. We utilized paired t tests for each task to compare limbs (dominant vs nondominant). Results: Impact magnitude differed based on task (P < .001). We classified tasks as low impact (≤10g; single-leg [SL] lateral jump, double-leg [DL] lateral jump); medium impact (11–20g; SL vertical jump, box drill); high impact (21–30g; modified T test, DL forward jump, SL forward jump); and very high impact (≥31g; sprint, DL tuck jump). Impact magnitude differed by limb in 3 tasks (DL forward jump, DL lateral jump, and box drill), with a higher impact on the dominant limb in each task. Conclusions: Impact magnitude differed based on task. While most tasks had symmetric impact magnitude between limbs, 3 tasks had a higher impact magnitude on the dominant limb.
Abaxial leaf surface-mounted multimodal wearable sensor for continuous plant physiology monitoring
Authors: Lee Giwon , Hossain Oindrila , Jamalzadegan Sina , Liu Yuxuan , Wang Hongyu , Saville Amanda C. , Shymanovich Tatsiana , Paul Rajesh , Rotenberg Dorith , Whitfield Anna E. , Ristaino Jean B. , Zhu Yong , Wei Qingshan
Published: April 2023

Wearable plant sensors hold tremendous potential for smart agriculture. We report a lower leaf surface-attached multimodal wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of plant physiology by tracking both biochemical and biophysical signals of the plant and its microenvironment. Sensors for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs), temperature, and humidity are integrated into a single platform. The abaxial leaf attachment position is selected on the basis of the stomata density to improve the sensor signal strength. This versatile platform enables various stress monitoring applications, ranging from tracking plant water loss to early detection of plant pathogens. A machine learning model was also developed to analyze multichannel sensor data for quantitative detection of tomato spotted wilt virus as early as 4 days after inoculation. The model also evaluates different sensor combinations for early disease detection and predicts that minimally three sensors are required including the VOC sensors.
Quantum magnetic gradiometer with entangled twin light beams
Authors: Wu Shuhe , Bao Guzhi , Guo Jinxian , Chen Jun , Du Wei , Shi Minwei , Yang Peiyu , Chen Liqing , Zhang Weiping
Published: April 2023

In the past few decades, optical magnetometry has experienced remarkable development and reached to an outstanding sensitivity. For magnetometry based on optical readout of atomic ensemble, the fundamental limitation of sensitivity is restricted by spin projection noise and photon shot noise. Meanwhile, in practical applications, ambient magnetic noise also greatly limits the sensitivity. To achieve the best sensitivity, it is essential to find an efficacious way to eliminate the noises from different sources, simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a quantum magnetic gradiometer with sub-shot-noise sensitivity using entangled twin beams with differential detection. The quantum enhancement spans a frequency range from 7 Hz to 6 MHz with maximum squeezing of 5.5 dB below the quantum noise limit. The sensitivity of gradiometer reaches 18 fT/cm

Hz

at 20 Hz. Our study inspires future possibilities to use quantum-enhanced technology in developing sensitive magnetometry for practical applications in noisy and physically demanding environments.
A prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor reduces tau pathology in cellular models and in mice with tauopathy
Authors: Eteläinen Tony S. , Silva M. Catarina , Uhari-Väänänen Johanna K. , De Lorenzo Francesca , Jäntti Maria H. , Cui Hengjing , Chavero-Pieres Marta , Kilpeläinen Tommi , Mechtler Christina , Svarcbahs Reinis , Seppälä Erin , Savinainen Juha R. , Puris Elena , Fricker Gert , Gynther Mikko , Julku Ulrika H. , Huttunen Henri J. , Haggarty Stephen J. , Myöhänen Timo T.
Published: April 2023

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, higher-order aggregates, and tau filaments. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major tau dephosphorylating phosphatase, and a decrease in its activity has been demonstrated in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. Prolyl oligopeptidase is a serine protease that is associated with neurodegeneration, and its inhibition normalizes PP2A activity without toxicity under pathological conditions. Here, we assessed whether prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition could protect against tau-mediated toxicity in cellular models in vitro and in the PS19 transgenic mouse model of tauopathy carrying the human tau-P301S mutation. We show that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase with the inhibitor KYP-2047 reduced tau aggregation in tau-transfected HEK-293 cells and N2A cells as well as in human iPSC–derived neurons carrying either the P301L or tau-A152T mutation. Treatment with KYP-2047 resulted in increased PP2A activity and activation of autophagic flux in HEK-293 cells and N2A cells and in patient-derived iNeurons, as indicated by changes in autophagosome and autophagy receptor markers; this contributed to clearance of insoluble tau. Furthermore, treatment of PS19 transgenic mice for 1 month with KYP-2047 reduced tau burden in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid and slowed cognitive decline according to several behavioral tests. In addition, a reduction in an oxidative stress marker was seen in mouse brains after KYP-2047 treatment. This study suggests that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase could help to ameliorate tau-dependent neurodegeneration.
Multiomics and spatial mapping characterizes human CD8
+
T cell states in cancer
Authors: Naulaerts Stefan , Datsi Angeliki , Borras Daniel M. , Antoranz Martinez Asier , Messiaen Julie , Vanmeerbeek Isaure , Sprooten Jenny , Laureano Raquel S. , Govaerts Jannes , Panovska Dena , Derweduwe Marleen , Sabel Michael C. , Rapp Marion , Ni Weiming , Mackay Sean , Van Herck Yannick , Gelens Lendert , Venken Tom , More Sanket , Bechter Oliver , Bergers Gabriele , Liston Adrian , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Van Den Eynde Benoit J. , Lambrechts Diether , Verfaillie Michiel , Bosisio Francesca , Tejpar Sabine , Borst Jannie , Sorg Rüdiger V. , De Smet Frederik , Garg Abhishek D.
Published: April 2023

Clinically relevant immunological biomarkers that discriminate between diverse hypofunctional states of tumor-associated CD8
+
T cells remain disputed. Using multiomics analysis of CD8
+
T cell features across multiple patient cohorts and tumor types, we identified tumor niche–dependent exhausted and other types of hypofunctional CD8
+
T cell states. CD8
+
T cells in “supportive” niches, like melanoma or lung cancer, exhibited features of tumor reactivity–driven exhaustion (CD8
+
T
EX
). These included a proficient effector memory phenotype, an expanded T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire linked to effector exhaustion signaling, and a cancer-relevant T cell–activating immunopeptidome composed of largely shared cancer antigens or neoantigens. In contrast, “nonsupportive” niches, like glioblastoma, were enriched for features of hypofunctionality distinct from canonical exhaustion. This included immature or insufficiently activated T cell states, high wound healing signatures, nonexpanded TCR repertoires linked to anti-inflammatory signaling, high T cell–recognizable self-epitopes, and an antiproliferative state linked to stress or prodeath responses. In situ spatial mapping of glioblastoma highlighted the prevalence of dysfunctional CD4
+
:CD8
+
T cell interactions, whereas ex vivo single-cell secretome mapping of glioblastoma CD8
+
T cells confirmed negligible effector functionality and a promyeloid, wound healing–like chemokine profile. Within immuno-oncology clinical trials, anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy facilitated glioblastoma’s tolerogenic disparities, whereas dendritic cell (DC) vaccines partly corrected them. Accordingly, recipients of a DC vaccine for glioblastoma had high effector memory CD8
+
T cells and evidence of antigen-specific immunity. Collectively, we provide an atlas for assessing different CD8
+
T cell hypofunctional states in immunogenic versus nonimmunogenic cancers.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus johnsonii MT4, a Novel Strain Isolated from the Oral Cavity of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Vazquez-Munoz Roberto , Russell Jordan T. , Thompson Angela , Zhou Yanjiao , Dongari-Bagtzoglou Anna
Published: April 2023

Lactobacillus johnsonii
strain MT4, isolated from the oral cavity of C57BL/6 mice, elicits antimicrobial activity against disease-associated microorganisms. Short-read sequencing of the whole genome revealed a single genome of 1,883,026 bp, with a GC content of 34.4%, and no plasmids.