bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brush Border Myosin I (BBMI): A Basally Localized Transcript in Human Jejunal Enterocytes
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jiyi , Coluccio Lynne M. , Matsudaira Paul , Grand Richard J.
Published: November 2015

To extend our recent observation that villin mRNA, encoding an apical microvillous protein, is dichotomously localized in the basal region of human enterocytes, we examined the localization of mRNAs for brush border myosin I (BBMI) and intestinal fimbrin (I-fim). In situ hybridization indicated that BBMI mRNA localized to the basal region of human enterocytes, whereas the mRNA for I-fim distributed diffusely. To facilitate study of potential mechanisms of mRNA targeting, we cloned a full-length cDNA for BBMI including its 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). This cDNA shares 86% sequence identity with bovine BBMI and 85% with rat BBMI. Sequence analysis revealed no obvious similarity between the 3'-UTRs of BBMI and villin. This study provides evidence of novel sorting pathways for intestinal microvillous cytoskeletal proteins.
Pararosaniline Fixation for Detection of Co-stimulatory Molecules, Cytokines, and Specific Antibody
Authors: Schrijver Ingrid A. , Melief Marie-José , van Meurs Marjan , Companjen Arjen R. , Laman Jon D.
Published: November 2015

Integral immunohistochemical analysis of immune responses in frozen sections requires that, in addition to constitutively expressed membrane CD markers, less stable determinants can be reliably visualized. Therefore, we compared the commonly used acetone fixation method with pararosaniline fixation for six determinant categories. These categories included selected constitutively expressed markers, inducible co-stimulatory molecules, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (including the novel cytokine IL-18, also known as IGIF and IL-1γ), antigen-specific antibody in plasma cells, bacterial peptidoglycan, and lysosomal acid phosphatase activity. Human spleen and mouse spleen activated by agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or TNP-Ficoll immunization were analyzed in parallel with brain tissue from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and marmoset monkeys with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Fixation with pararosaniline resulted in better morphology of all tissues and inhibited endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity in brain tissue. Most determinants could be reliably detected. Staining sensitivity and intensity were markedly increased for selected determinant-tissue combinations, e.g., for IL-4 in human spleen and CD40 in human and mouse spleen. These data show that pararosaniline is a useful alternative to acetone, resulting in superior morphology and specific staining for selected determinant-tissue combinations. This provides additional flexibility for in situ analysis of immune reactivity.
Specific Visual Perceptual Skills as Long-Term Predictors of Academic Success
Authors: Colarusso Ronald P. , Martin Hannah , Hartung Joseph
Published: November 2015

The primary concern of this study was the determination of the degree of relationship between the Frostig DTVP and academic achievement as measured by the Scholastic Research Association Achievement Test Battery (SRA). The DTVP was administered to kindergarten and first grade subjects while the SRA was administered to the same subjects at second and third grade. Product-moment correlations were then computed along with step-wise multiple regression analyses. None of the DTVP scores were useful predictors of second grade school achievement, while only Position in Space predicted SRA Language Arts and Math Concept achievement at the third grade level.
The Importance of a Sociological Perspective towards Learning Disabilities
Authors: Kronick Doreen
Published: November 2015

In the process of altering a child's status from intact to learning disabled, we move him along a “betrayal funnel” until his status change has been accomplished. Although he may wish to cling to the illusion of normalcy or the supposition that his behavior represents a common variant of normal behavior, by placing him in a position of receiving special help, we view his behaviors as disabled. We insist that he face his disabilities so that he will be receptive to remediation. The poorly organized interactional skills projected by the learning disabled cause others to fear becoming involved in honest or in-depth interaction. Consequently, pseudo-communication occurs. The learning disabled person, assuming that this is real communication, models his interaction around this, which further contributes to his inability to produce effective interaction and to his vague concept of self.
Administration and Socioeconomic Level Effects on Auditory Discrimination of Elementary School Children
Authors: Kerr Andrew S. , Meunier Clement P.
Published: November 2015

A 40-item speech sound discrimination test was administered to 158 children to assess the effects of socioeconomic level and administrative mode, oral or tape, on auditory discrimination ability. Results indicated a model of administration effect, age effect, and an interaction between age and socioeconomic level. Individual oral administration produced substantially fewer errors than a standardized tape. Low socioeconomic-level children made significantly fewer error scores as age increased, while mid-socioeconomic status children did not. All results were consistent across oral and tape administration.
An Analysis of the Proposed National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
Authors: Russell John Dale
Published: November 2015

This article is an abstract of an address delivered by Mr. Russell to the regional conferences held in Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D. C., on January 4 and 11, 1952, respectively. It relates directly to the preceding article concerning the proposal of a National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. Mr. Russell, former Assistant Commissioner for Higher Education, Office of Education, recently became Chancellor and Executive Secretary, New Mexico Board of Educational Finance. Perhaps no other person in America is quite so well qualified as Mr. Russell to appraise the weaknesses and strengths of the present system of accrediting institutions engaged in preparing teachers for the elementary and high schools of the nation. With equal effectiveness he draws upon his rich background of experience in contributing to the creation of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education.
Preparing Teachers to Use Local History
Authors: Brown Ralph A.
Published: November 2015

Mr. Brown, Chairman, Social Studies Department, State Teachers College, Cortland, New York, asks for renewed emphasis upon the materials immediately at hand.
The Effects of Gamma Radiation on Jute
Authors: Majumdar S. K. , Rapson W. H.
Published: November 2015

Defatted jute was irradiated with Co60 gamma rays up to 108 rads. Brightness dropped only above 8 megarads. Major structural changes were the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups and chain cleavage. Copper number varied almost linearly with the dose up to 100 megarads. Hot alkali solubility at higher doses was very high. Loss of holocellulose content after 10 megarads was quite appreciable. Jute irradiated at 50 megarads and above gave higher apparent yields of lignin, probably due to some complex formation with hemicelluloses. Presence of lignin gave no radiation protection but rather caused deterioration, as in the case of photochemical action. Loss in tensile strength was appreciable only after 5 megarads. A slight unusual but definite increase in moisture regain value was observed at 100 megarads.
The Effect of Noncellulosic Material on the Actinic Degradation of Cotton Fabric; Part I: Some Copper-Containing Fungicides
Authors: Bayley G. H. , Rose G. R. F. , Clifford J. B. , Cooney J. D.
Published: November 2015

The use of fungicidal treatments to protect cotton cellulose from damage by microorganisms is likely to continue. Many noncellulosic materials, including some inorganic and metallo-organic compounds, seem to be capable of photosensitizing the degradation of cotton cellulose. Since the interpretation of much of the published work on this effect lacks precision because it relates to a system which has undergone progressive loss of noncellulosic compound during experiments involving outdoor weathering, work has been carried out on cotton fabrics treated with four typical copper fungicides and irradiated with light from a carbon arc under conditions such that there was no loss of added compound. Copper naphthenate, copper Cunimene, and copper carbonate all show evidence of causing enhanced breakdown of the fabric, especially at low concentrations. Higher concentrations afforded some measure of protection. Copper oxinate gave protection at all concentrations.
Wearing Qualities of Selected New Mexico Wools; Part II: Yarn Count, Thickness, Capacitance, and Weight
Authors: Lee Julia Southard , Finkner Morris D.
Published: November 2015

Some physical changes produced by wear have been evaluated for four experimental fabrics made from fiber selected for crimp and fineness. Measurements were made on the yarn count, thickness, capacitance, and weight at specified intervals. The results were related to the length of wear given jumpers made from the fabrics. The yarn counts per inch of fabric tended to increase with wear. The losses in weight, capacitance, and thickness during the six wear periods were sufficient to produce decreasing trends in each instance.
The Influence of Moisture Content During Resin-Finishing on the Wrinkle Recovery of Cotton Fabrics at 20°C
Authors: Elder H. M. , McLaren I. F. , Rancanathan S. R.
Published: November 2015

The wrinkle-recovery behavior of 100% cotton fabrics, untreated and cross-linked with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene-urea, has been studied over a range of moisture content and a recent hypothesis involving actual and potential recovery has been applied to explain the results. An explanation is also offered for the existence of a maximal wrinkle-recovery value at moisture contents equal to that during cross-linking.
Multilayer Textile Structures: Relationship Between the Properties of a Textile Composite and its Components
Authors: Shishoo Roshan , Klevmar Per Henrik , Cednäs Margareta , Olofsson Berth
Published: November 2015

The relationship between the mechanical properties of textile composite structures and those of the constituting face and liner fabrics have been studied experimentally and theoretically. Three different face fabrics have been fused together with a number of fusible interlinings of different base cloth, adhesive type, and adhesive-distribution type. The properties investigated include extension stiffness, residual extension, bending stiffness, shearability, shear stiffness, peel strength and, wrinkle and crease recovery. It is shown that certain properties of a composite material can be predicted from the knowledge of the corresponding properties of its components. Linear regression analysis has been made to test such correlations. The influence of face fabric and interlining on the properties of composite material have been studied.
Nature of Fiber Loss in Combing
Authors: Owalekar R. G.
Published: November 2015

Fiber-length distribution of comber sliver was compared with that of the comber lap to find out the amount of fiber loss obtained in various length groups. Such an analysis of the fiber loss was found to be useful in understanding the mechanism of fiber removal and fiber breakage in combing. Effect of important factors, such as step gauge, top comb action, and lap preparation, was studied.

Distribution of fiber loss vs fiber length was found to be bimodal with Drawing-Super lap preparation. This was due to the fact that the actual probability of fiber removal decreases while that of fiber breakage increases with increased fiber length. As the pieces of broken long fibers contribute to the middle-length groups, the fiber loss was found to be minimum in this group.

Use of wider step gauges, use of top comb, and presence of prominent trailing hooks were found to give a general increase in the fiber loss in all length groups. Long staple cottons were found to give relatively more fiber breakage, while use of extra drawing frame in the lap preparation was found to give much less fiber breakage.
Fabric Smoothness, Friction, and Handle
Authors: Ajayi Joseph O.
Published: November 2015

In general investigation of factional properties of fabrics, we demonstrate the influence of experimental variables on some new frictional parameters. Subjectively, fabrics with similar (or different) coefficients of friction yield different (or similar) tactile sensations of smoothness. Objectively, an examination of the stick-slip motion shows a good correlation between the number of stick-slip peaks and yarn sett (woven fabrics) or number of ribs (knitted fabrics). A relation also exists between the amplitude of the stick-slip motion and some structural protrusions, i.e., twills and ribs. These features are also detectable visually and tactually.
Effect of Yarn Spinning System on Pill Resistance of Polyester/Cotton Knit Fabrics
Authors: Alston Peter V.
Published: November 2015

We have determined the effect of ring, rotor, and air-jet spinning on the pill resistance of jersey and interlock fabrics. The jersey fabrics contained the same polyester type, while the interlock fabrics contained the preferred polyester for each spinning system. In each of the constructions, the air-jet spun fabrics were significantly more pill resistant than ring and rotor spun fabrics. Kinetic studies of the rates of pill formation and wear-off indicate that this difference is due to the much slower formation rate of the air-jet spun fabric. Analysis of pill character suggests that the tightly wrapped structure of the air-jet yarn inhibits the formation of free ends of polyester, which are the primary cause of the pills. Pill resistance for the ring spun fabric was only slightly better than for the rotor spun fabric when the same polyester type was used.
The Relative Importance of Fiber Friction and Torsional and Bending Rigidities in Cotton Sliver, Roving, and Yarn
Authors: DeLuca L. B. , Thibodeaux D. P.
Published: November 2015

In each stage of cotton processing from carding through yarn, the importance of cotton fiber properties and the interaction of fiber on fiber are complex and not fully understood. This work compares how select fiber and fiber interaction properties of raw stock cotton are altered as temperature and humidity are changed independently. Such comparisons provide the key for determining how fiber-to-fiber friction, fiber rigidities, and fiber breaking tenacity and elongation enter into the cohesive forces of cotton sliver, roving, and yarn.
“Regressional” Observations of HVI Fiber Properties, Yarn Quality, and Processing Performance of Medium Staple Cotton
Authors: Mogahzy Yehia E. El , Broughton Roy M.
Published: November 2015

Fiber data (USDA) representing six cotton crops (1984–1989) were analyzed using regression and correlation analyses. These data consist of two high volume instrument systems (MCI and SpinLab) fiber properties and corresponding properties measured by traditional systems (the Suter-Webb array method, the Peyer Almeter, the Shirley FMT, the Shirley trash analyzer, and the Pressley strength tester). Different testing systems were compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and empirical equations for predicting fiber maturity and short fiber content suggested. The reliability of the results shown in this study is driven by the fact that the data examined involve a wide range of varieties and properties and a large number of observations.
Using Off-Line Quality Engineering in Textile Processing
Authors: Mogahzy Yehia E. El
Published: November 2015

In recent years, there has been a significant change in quality implementation through the application of off-line quality engineering in several industries in both Japan and the U.S. Off-line quality engineering uses parameter design and tolerance design to reduce product development costs. In this part of the study, an overview of the concepts and theories of off-line quality engineering is presented and methods are suggested for implementing these concepts in textile applications.
Large Unilamellar Vesicle Liposomes for Wool Dyeing: Stability of Dye-Liposome Systems and Their Application on Untreated Wool
Authors: de la Maza A. , Parra J. L. , Bosch P. , Coderch L.
Published: November 2015

Studies are described involving the use of large unilamellar liposomes (LUV) as carriers of dyes to untreated wool. To this end, we investigated liposomes made with egg phosphatidylcholine and containing the commercial acid dyes Polar red B (Ciba-Geigy), CI acid red 249, or Polar blue 6B, CI acid blue 83. We first studied the physicochemical stability of liposomes by measuring the mean particle size distribution of phospholipid vesicles after preparation and during the dyeing process, and we also investigated the possible hydrolysis of phospholipid molecules, studying the alteration of fatty acids built up on the liposomic structures. We then investigated the kinetic aspects of dye adsorption and bonding on untreated wool samples by means of LUV liposomes at different lipid concentrations. This process leads to an inhibition of dye exhaustion in untreated wool fibers, improving the bonding of these acid dyes to the keratinic structure.
Deflection-Force Measurements and Observations on Kevlar 29® Parachute Fabrics
Authors: Ericksen R. H. , Davis A. C. , Warren W. E.
Published: November 2015

Deflection-force relations for plain weave Kevlar® fabrics have been determined under conditions of uniaxial loading. In these experiments, the loading is stopped at a given level and a portion of the fabric is encapsulated. The fabric is then unloaded, sectioned, and photographed. Measurements on the photographs reveal the changes in weave geometry and yarn cross section with loading. The initial geometrical data are used in a large deformation mechanical model, which couples yarn bending and stretching effects to predict theoretical displacement-force relations for the fabric. Experimental and theoretical deflection-force curves are in good agreement; they show that during initial loading the response is dominated by yarn bending, while for large loads the response is dominated by yarn stretching.
Liquid Wetting, Transport, and Retention Properties of Fibrous Assemblies: Part I: Water Wetting Properties of Woven Fabrics and Their Constituent Single Fibers
Authors: Hsieh You-Lo , Yu Bangling
Published: November 2015

An experimental protocol is described for simultaneous measurements of liquid wetting and retention characteristics in woven fabrics. Dynamic measurements of the liquid-fabric interaction between the lower edge of a vertically hung fabric and a liquid are done with an electronic microbalance. A decoupling method is proposed and tested for separating the liquid wetting and retention components of the measurements. The wetting characteristics of cotton fabrics are not affected by fabric configurations, including length, fabric-water interface depth, and direction. The cosine contact angles obtained on the woven cotton fabrics are identical to those measured on the constituent single cotton fibers. Similar wetting properties between fabrics and their constituent single fibers are also verified on other 100% woven fabrics containing polyester, Nomex, acetate, or rayon fibers. This study demonstrates that the wettability of any fabric containing a single fiber type is the same as its constituent single fibers. The experimental protocol and decoupling approach permit convenient measurement of the intrinsic wetting property of any fiber in its woven form.
Internal Lipid Wool Structure Modification Due to a Nonionic Auxiliary Used in Dyeing at Low Temperatures
Authors: Coderch L. , Lopez O. , de la Maza A. , Manich A. M. , Parra J. L. , Cegarra J.
Published: November 2015

An analytical and microscopical study of wool fibers differently treated with a non-ionic dye auxiliary product such as Baylan NT elucidates the action mechanism of this compound in low temperature dyeing of wool. Lipids are extracted from wool samples previously treated with Baylan NT, and the compounds are analyzed quantitatively with thin layer chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detection system. Previous solubilization of free fatty acids by the Baylan treatment is considered to be the main cause of some changes in the lipid morphological structure, resulting in the release of ceramides in subsequent solvent extraction. These are found in a significantly higher amount in the extract of the wool treated with the auxiliary compound. Furthermore, the microscopical study shows higher penetration of the fluorescent dye in wool fibers treated with the auxiliary compound, thereby confirming the importance of cell membrane complex modification in the improving the dyeing characteristics of wool and permitting dyeing at low temperatures.
Mechanical Behavior of the Plain Weave Structure Using Energy Methods: Fabric Uniaxial Extension
Authors: Sinoimeri A. , Dréan J. Y.
Published: November 2015

The general analysis of fabric micromechanics developed by de Jong and Postle is applied to fabric uniaxial extension with continuous contact between crossing yarns. Like the traditional form of relaxation introduced by Olofsson and improved by de Jong and Postle, another form of relaxation, defined and introduced in this analysis, is due to residual variations of transverse dimensions of the yarn. The fabric structural parameters are varied, and the changes in fabric behavior under uniaxial extension are investigated.
Fibrillar Structure and its Relevance to Diffusion, Shrinkage, and Relaxation Processes in Nylon Fibers
Authors: Murthy N. Sanjeeva
Published: November 2015

Quantitative prediction of the properties in fibers of semicrystalline polymers requires a detailed description of the fibrillar structure. Use of small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering (saxs and sans) and wide-angle x-ray diffraction (waxd) to obtain such information is illustrated with data from drawn and annealed nylon 6 fibers. The length, diameter, and orientation of the fibrils and the lamellae, and the spacing between the fibrils and the lamellae, are determined using saxs. Diffusion characteristics of the interlamellar and the interfibrillar regions are studied by following the diffusion of solvent molecules (D2O) using sans. Changes in the amorphous orientation are studied by analytically separating the amorphous scattering in waxd patterns into isotropic and anisotropic components. Our data suggest that the glass transition temperature is due to the superposition of relaxations of unoriented and oriented amorphous components. Diffusion is interpreted as occurring through a network of interconnected interfibrillar (voids and mostly oriented amorphous or noncrystalline chain segments) and interlamellar (primarily unoriented amorphous or noncrystalline chain segments) channels. These channels respond differently to drawing and heat setting. The influence of the crystallization of oriented components of the amorphous phase on shrinkage behavior is discussed.
A Generalized Model for Predicting Load-Extension Properties of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Sun Fangning , Seyam Abdelfattah M. , Gupta B. S.
Published: November 2015

A method to predict the load-extension behavior of woven fabrics is proposed. Kawabata et al.'s finite deformation theory, which predicts load-extension properties of plain weave and 2/2 twill fabrics in terms of fabric construction parameters and yarn tensile properties, is the basis for the study. The model is generalized to predict the load-elongation behavior of any weave by introducing a parameter that characterizes the interlacing point distribution pattern of the weave. Using the biaxial and uniaxial strain modes, the load-deformation curves over an entire range of strains can be generated. The model applies to woven structures of different degrees of openness, of which the fabric jamming condition is an extreme case.
Constrained pathways to a creative urban economy
Authors: Shutters Shade T , Muneepeerakul Rachata , Lobo José
Published: November 2015

Creative (knowledge-intensive) occupations are now widely seen as a basis for urban economic prosperity. Yet the transitional pathways from a city’s current economy to a more creative economy are often difficult to discern or to navigate. Here we use a network perspective of occupational interdependencies to address questions of urban transitions to a creative economy. This perspective allows us to assess alternative pathways and to compare cities with regard to their progress along these pathways. We find that US urban areas follow a general trajectory towards a creative economy that requires them to increasingly specialise, not only in creative occupations, but also in non-creative ones – presumably because certain non-creative occupations complement the tasks performed by related creative occupations. This creates a pull towards non-creative occupations that becomes ever stronger as a city moves more towards a creative economy. All in all, cities with the most creative economies must undergo an overall diversification of specialised occupations, with a greater diversification rate for creative occupations, and maintain those creative specialisations despite the pull towards a non-creative economy.
The Lives, Times, and Contributions of Al and Betty Lee
Authors: Galliher James M. , Galliher John F.
Published: November 2015

This paper is based on a plenary presentation at the 1995 annual meetings of the Association for Humanist Sociology in Columbus, Ohio, on October 27, 1995 and on Marginality and Dissent in 20th Century American Sociology: The Case of Elizabeth Briant Lee and Alfred McClung Lee (1995), authored by John and James Galliher and published by the State University of New York Press. The authors thank AHS for the invitation to discuss the book and celebrate the Lees at the annual meetings and in the journal. We also express our thanks to Al and Betty Lee for their support and encouragement through the life of the project.
Talent Developed: Conversations with Masters in the Arts and Sciences: Martin Seligman: Author and Past-President, American Psychological Association
Authors: Subotnik Rena F.
Published: November 2015

Martin Seligman is a past-president (1998) of the American Psychological Association and the author of seminal works in the areas of both learned helplessness and optimism. Dr. Seligman is using his wide-ranging skills to guide the field of psychology in the direction of searching for and promoting optimal conditions for human creativity and fulfillment. In this vein, he has advocated further investigation into the ultimate manifestation of positive human abilities: giftedness, genius, and eminence.
University Mentors in the Elementary Classroom: Supporting the Intellectual, Motivational, and Emotional Needs of High-Ability Students
Authors: Hébert Thomas P. , Neumeister Kristie L. Speirs
Published: November 2015

This article chronicles a 4th-grade teacher's experiences of facilitating a program involving university students as mentors for her students. Through a qualitative research design integrating features of case study and ethnographic research, this study examined how a mentoring program provided a differentiated educational experience for high-ability students. The mentorship approach described in this study is one strategy examined in the first author's larger study of the same teacher's differentiated classroom (Hébert, 1995). Major findings of the current study describe a thoughtfully designed program resulting in partnerships that provided the high-ability students with an intellectually stimulating experience combined with strong motivational and emotional support.
Gender Differences in High-Achieving Students in Math and Science
Authors: Reis Sally M. , Park Sunghee
Published: November 2015

The research described in this article examined gender differences between high-achieving students in math and science with respect to their achievement, self-concept, locus of control, number of math and science courses taken, and the important people who contributed to their decisions to enroll in advanced courses in high school. The study utilized data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS: 88; National Center for Education Statistics, 1994), with two subsamples selected that represent the highest achieving students in math and in science. The results of this study indicated that there were more males than females in both subsamples of high-achieving students in math and science. The results also suggested that the best predictor for distinguishing between mathematically high-achieving males and females was locus of control. High-achieving males had both higher self-concept and higher standardized math test scores than high-achieving females.
Gender Differences among Elementary School-Aged Gifted Students in Achievement, Perceptions of Ability, and Subject Preference
Authors: Olszewski-Kubilius Paula , Turner Dana
Published: November 2015

Previous research suggests that, while gender differences on standardized tests among high school-aged students have diminished, they persist among academically gifted students. This study examined patterns of gender differences for younger, elementary school-aged gifted students. Results showed that, on an off-level achievement test, males outperformed females in mathematics beginning in grade 3, although effect sizes were small. The ratio of males to females achieving very high scores on the mathematics subtest was 2:1, but this difference was only significant among 5th and 6th graders. Both males and females had a preference for mathematics over other subjects. More girls perceived their academic strengths to be in verbal areas, while most boys perceived theirs to be in mathematics and science. Girls' and boys' perceptions of their academic strengths corresponded to their actual performance on the off-level test. Tested abilities also corresponded to students' choice of easiest and most challenging subject.
Cross-Cultural Predictors of Teachers' Attitudes toward Gifted Education: Finland, Hong Kong, and the United States
Authors: Tirri Kirsi A. , Tallent-Runnels Mary K. , Adams Aida M. , Yuen Mantak , Lau Patrick S. Y.
Published: November 2015

This study investigated culture-dependent attitudes and predictors of these attitudes of teachers (147–Finland, 214–Hong Kong, 160–United States) toward gifted education. Preservice, regular classroom, and gifted education teachers completed the attitude scale toward gifted education developed by Gagné and Nadeau (1985). A new method was introduced as an alternative approach in prediction. Finally, the results of this study were compared to an earlier study using more traditional quantitative methods (Tallent-Runnels, Tirri, & Adams, 2000). Results revealed 5 major predictors of attitudes for the 3 countries. These were whether or not they believed (a) they had gifted children in their school, (b) all children are gifted, (c) gifted children should spend their spare time helping others progress, (d) parents have the major responsibility for helping gifted children develop then talents, and (e) the best way to meet the needs of gifted children is in special classes.
Phenomenology and Its Implications for Gifted Studies Research: Investigating the Lebenswelt of Academically Gifted Students Attending an Elementary Magnet School
Authors: Cross Tracy L. , Stewart Roger A. , Coleman Laurence J.
Published: November 2015

A phenomenological investigation of the lebenswelt (life world) of academically gifted students attending an elementary magnet school was conducted. The magnet school is housed in an elementary school that maintains 2 classes per grades 1–6, 1 gifted and 1 heterogeneous. Fifteen gifted students (2 per grades 1–3 and 3 per grades 4–6) participated in phenomenological interviews. The interviews, averaging 50 minutes in length, were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed via a 6-step thematic analysis process. The social milieu of the school was described by the students as the backdrop for the meaning of the experience of attending the magnet school for gifted students. Four themes emerged across the magnet school experience: Others, Role, Personal Development, and Time. Nuances and characteristics of the themes are reported.
Leadership Education for Gifted and Talented Youth: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Matthews Michael S.
Published: November 2015

Leadership has been retained in the federal definition of giftedness, across major revisions, since its inclusion in the Marland Report (1972) definition more than 30 years ago. Despite this history, there appears to be little consensus regarding the relationship between leadership education and education for talented and gifted youth. This review analyzes publications about leadership education among talented and gifted students since 1980. Four major emphases are identified within this literature, and empirical articles within each area of emphasis are summarized and critiqued. Analysis confirms that a consolidated theoretical framework for leadership giftedness has not yet materialized, although limited consensus may be emerging regarding the aspects of leadership that are more or less responsive to instruction. Findings suggest that more research may be needed to justify retaining leadership ability within the federal definition of giftedness. Three suggested directions for future research on youth leadership giftedness are extrapolated from this foundation.
Attitudes of School Counselors and Psychologists Toward Gifted Children
Authors: Deiulio Judith M.
Published: November 2015

School counselors and psychologists play a crucial role in the lives of gifted students both through their counseling function and their com-munications with other staff members in program development and maintenance. The present study surveyed attitudes toward the gifted of fifty-eight pupil personnel workers in three rural New York counties using the Wiener Attitude Scale. Surprisingly, the existence of a program for gifted students in the district produced a significantly more negative total score on the scale. The survey participants responded in a significantly more negative fashion to statements pertaining to Selection, Grouping and Evaluation Factors. Inservice experiences for this group of school personnel appeared warranted to counter those experiences which produced the most negative responses.
Graduate Degree Programs in the Education of the Gifted
Authors: Parker Jeanette P. , Karnes Frances A.
Published: November 2015

The closing of the U.S. Office of Gifted and Talented left the field of gifted education without a national clearinghouse for the registration and dissemination of information about training. There has been a need for periodic updating of published listings of graduate degree programs in education of the gifted. The current survey revealed 101 universities in the nation offering such programs; these programs are listed with the appropriate contact persons and addresses.
Seeking the Roots of Talent: An Interview with Howard Gardner
Authors: Buescher Thomas M. , Gardner Howard
Published: November 2015

What do we know about the origins of talent and its relationship to the artistic products of children? While a number of psychologists, philosophers, educators, and artists have taken diverse paths to locate the roots of talent, few have been as insightful or persistent in that quest as Howard Gardner. JEG interviewed Dr. Gardner in November, 1984, following the publication of his newest book, Frames of Mind, which argues the case for a theory of multiple intelligences (or talents). Dr. Gardner is a prolific writer and researcher who was named as a MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 1981. He continues to serve as Co-Director of Harvard Project Zero in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as research scientist in neuropsychology at the Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, and as Professor of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine.
Toward Developing an Appropriate Math/Science Curriculum for Gifted Learners
Authors: Vantassel-Baska Joyce , Landau Marsha , Olszewski Paula
Published: November 2015

This article reviews the current status of special curriculum for gifted learners and proposes a new perspective for the development of mathematics and science curriculum at grades 6–12. Fundamental to the development of such curriculum is a recognition of the needs of gifted learners for accelerated content within a conceptual framework that incorporates conceptually the current technology. Suggested scope and sequence charts are included that reflect the best curricular models from the 1960's with futuristic concepts and ideas to meet the needs of students today.
Research Design Issues in the Evaluation of Programs for the Gifted: A Case Study
Authors: Kulieke Marilynn J.
Published: November 2015

A rationale for the use of better research designs in the evaluation of programs for the gifted learner is outlined. Some definitions of research designs are presented along with the results of an evaluation of a summer program for gifted learners at Northwestern University. The differential role that research design plays in the evaluation of student proficiency, course products, and attitudes is examined through the use of a case study approach. The case study demonstrates how using a research design can provide information that permits an evaluator to make more interpretable inferences about program effects.
Pyramid Project Needs Assessment: A Beginning
Authors: Mitchell Brenda S. , Gluck Doris
Published: November 2015

Needs assessments can be used for many purposes. This articles outlines four major reasons to conduct a needs assessment. This information is followed by a description of the needs assessment conducted by the Pyramid Project through the Gifted Students Institute as a follow up to the Richardson Study. A case study of one district participating is described with the major findings from the study.
The Lighthouse Program: A Longitudinal Research Project
Authors: Larose Barbara
Published: November 2015

The Lighthouse Program, a nationally recognized program for gifted students in Racine, Wisconsin, was originally funded as an innovative program through Title III in 1973. At that time, the program personnel began a longitudinal study of the program and its unique features of cluster grouping and quota identification systems. These are described along with preliminary follow up data.
Attribution for Academic Successes and Failures of Students Participating and Not Participating in Programs for the Gifted
Authors: Kammer Phyllis Post
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in attribution for the academic successes and failures of high school students participating in and not participating in programs for the gifted. Students were administered the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale. The findings indicate that students participating in programs for the gifted tend to attribute their successes to their own effort and ability to a greater degree than students not participating in programs for the gifted. Implications for educators are discussed.
Career Aspirations as a Function of Holland Personality Type among Mathematically Talented Female Adolescents
Authors: Hollinger Constance L.
Published: November 2015

The present study examined the Self Directed Search (SDS) response patterns of mathematically talented female adolecents to determine whether SDS patterns vary as a function of career aspiration group membership. The results indicated that the six personality types studied significantly discriminated among the six ideal career aspiration groups. These results support the hypothesis that mathematically talented female adolescents aspiring to careers in math and science significantly differ from their mathematically talented counterparts who do not aspire to a career in this area in terms of global personality type.
The Symbolic Role of Eminence in the Education of Gifted Students
Authors: Howley Aimee
Published: November 2015

The article addresses the way in which the term eminence is used in this culture and in its educational system. Its use is defined as a characteristic of those persons who have achieved distinguished superiority and who protect and defend “high culture” and our intellectual legacy. The terms famous and renowned are reserved for athletes, pop singers, politicians, etc., who do the immediate and practical work of the society. The author questions whether gifted education in the public schools does not stress the practical at the expense of the less rewarded visual and performing arts and theoretical sciences that lead to eminence. She concludes that the primary commitment of the schools is of the development of intelligence, the practical; and, as a result, appears to be anti-intellectual, even while espousing humanist goals.
Something's Wrong Here and It's Not Me: Challenging the Dilemmas That Block Girls' Success
Authors: Bell Lee Anne
Published: November 2015

This article draws upon ethnographic research with elementary school girls to explore internal barriers to female achievement. A multiethnic group of girls in third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades in one urban elementary school met weekly with researchers for fourteen weeks to engage in activities and discussions of issues identified in psychological and educational literature as problematic for females. This paper analyzes some of the major themes that emerged and presents five core dilemmas that block girls' success in school. The recommendation is made that counselors and educators intervene by helping girls to externalize and confront these dilemmas through group support.
The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards and Possible Implications for Gifted Education
Authors: Lathlaen Peggy
Published: November 2015

The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, instituted in the fall of 1987, was formed from a recommendation of the Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy through its report, A Nation Prepared. The Board's task is to establish a voluntary certification program for experienced teachers to be certified to a high standard of excellence. This certification process is being undertaken in order to help create a true profession of teaching where the teachers themselves control standards and how teachers are assessed. In this case teachers will be assessed using a wide variety of sources including data from portfolios, attestations, and simulations, as well as more traditional measures. Since both teachers of the gifted and regular classroom teachers who teach gifted students will be voluntarily participating in the certification process, there are implications for the field of gifted education. Among these issues are the determination of the nature of competencies for both teachers of the gifted and classroom teachers serving the gifted in the regular classroom.
Gifted Education and the Middle School Movement: Two Voices on Teaching the Academically Talented
Authors: Tomlinson Carol Ann
Published: November 2015

At first glance, the fields of gifted education and middle school education share some important beliefs and goals. However, a more detailed look at perspectives of the two fields indicates serious conflicts. Middle school beliefs about what and how middle school students learn, effective ways of organizing for instruction, mainstreaming, delivery of instruction, affective needs of middle school students, and the concept of giftedness itself may run counter to the intellectual and emotional needs of many gifted middle schoolers.
Classroom Practices Used with Gifted Third and Fourth Grade Students
Authors: Archambault Francis X. , Westberg Karen L. , Brown Scott W. , Hallmark Bryan W. , Zhang Wanli , Emmons Christine L.
Published: November 2015

The Classroom Practices Survey was conducted by The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented (NRC/GT) to determine the extent to which gifted and talented students receive differentiated education in regular classrooms. Six samples of third and fourth grade teachers in public schools, private schools and schools with high concentrations of four types of ethnic minorities were randomly selected to participate in this research. The major finding of this study is that third and fourth grade classroom teachers make only minor modifications in the regular curriculum to meet the needs of gifted students. This result holds for all types of schools sampled. It also holds for classrooms in different parts of the country and for different types of communities. Implications of these findings for researchers and gifted education specialists are discussed.
Evaluation Utilization: A Review of the Literature with Implications for Gifted Education
Authors: Tomlinson Carol , Bland Lori , Moon Tonya
Published: November 2015

Although evaluations of education programs are conducted for a variety of reasons, there is always the expectation that findings will be used in some way. However, the utility of evaluation findings may be affected by factors related to evaluation context which are out of the evaluator's control (such as economic and political concerns), and by factors which may be at least to some degree within the control of the evaluator (such as evaluator competence, evaluation design, identification of and communication with audiences, and clarity and quality of the evaluation report). Unique goals of programs for gifted learners provide special challenges to evaluators. Findings from the general literature of evaluation utilization offer guidance to evaluators of gifted programs regarding factors which may increase the likelihood that evaluation findings will be used to produce program change, but there is a clear need for research delineating specific factors which may facilitate or impede utilization of findings from evaluations of programs for the gifted.
Suicide Ideation, Depression, and Stressful Life Events among Gifted Adolescents
Authors: Metha Arlene , McWhirter Ellen Hawley
Published: November 2015

Differences in life-change events, life stress, depression, and suicide ideation were investigated in a mixed-ethnic sample of gifted (n = 34) and nongifted (n = 38) urban junior high school students. Results indicated that gifted students reported experiencing significantly fewer life-change events. The perceived stressfulness of the life-change events, levels of depression, and suicide ideation were similar among gifted and nongifted participants. Suicide ideation among the entire sample was significantly and positively correlated both with level of depression and with levels of past and recent stress. Recent stress and use of drugs or alcohol significantly predicted suicide ideation. Implications for counseling and for future research are discussed.
Gifted Asian American Women
Authors: Kitano Margie K.
Published: November 2015

This article presents an analysis of personal, socialization, and structural factors affecting the life-span achievement of 15 Asian American women identified as gifted through a national retrospective study of highly achieving women from African American, Asian American, Latina, and White backgrounds. Interpreted within a cultural-ecological framework, findings support earlier research suggesting that Asian American parents' experiences of discrimination in this country encourage an intense focus on educational achievement and hard work as a way to ensure success. Teachers and schools, which similarly value hard work, reinforce this behavior. However, parents' and teachers' support of these women's academic achievement alone does not fully prepare them for the workplace, where they will need to consider career options, think critically about social issues, and respond effectively to institutional barriers. As adults in the workplace, gifted Asian American women find that hard work alone does not ensure advancement because of personal (e.g., self-doubt) and structural (e.g., stereotyping) obstacles. Nevertheless, gifted Asian American women find the workplace highly satisfying, stimulating, and challenging. Implications for educators are offered.