bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Big-Five Personality Traits and Attitudes and Perception Towards Health Behaviours
Authors: Lee Kean Mun , Mun Jasmine Yin Yee , Choong E-Luan , Janssen Steve M. J.
Published: December 2024

Despite efforts to promote exercise and healthy diets, global prevalence of obesity continues to rise. This pervasiveness of obesity is alarming as it is a key contributing factor of ischemic heart disease, a leading cause of death worldwide. The issue of obesity is exacerbated in Malaysia, where 50.1% of all adults were considered obese in 2020. Given the severity of the issue, the identification of alternative factors to promote exercise becomes necessary. The current study examined how personality traits are related to perceptions and behaviours towards health. A total of 401 Malaysian university students completed questionnaires which assessed their demographics, health perceptions, and health behaviours. Additionally, the Big-Five Inventory was administered to examine personality traits. Regarding personality traits and their associations to behaviours: Conscientiousness was positively associated with Exercise Adherence and Healthy Diet but negatively with Fears Related to Exercise; Neuroticism had a positive relation with Perceived Lack of Resources and Fears Related to Exercise but a negative relationship with Adherence to Exercise; Extraversion only had a negative association with Healthy Diet; Agreeableness was negatively associated with Substance Use; and lastly, Openness had a positive relationship with Adherence to Exercise but a negative association with Perceived Lack of Resources. Further exploration on the impacts of attitudes and perspectives towards exercise and healthy diets would be beneficial in identifying alternative and potentially more effective approaches in promoting healthy behaviours.
Teaching with P-Cube: Practical lessons for students and teachers
Authors: Kamkhaji Jonathan , Melloni Erica , Taffoni Gaia , Vasilescu Cristina Mihaela
Published: December 2024

The P-Cube game aims to help students learn about how decisions are taken in the public sphere. The challenge posed by P-Cube is to translate the complexity of public decisional arenas into synthetic and realistic cases translated into digital games. The P-Cube cases have been used among university courses during the prototype phase; students and teachers engaged with this innovative teaching tool online and in presence. The game has also been used with practitioners within and outside the public administration sector. In this article, we describe some practical applications of P-Cube; in particular, we illustrate how and under what conditions the games were used – and to what extent they reached their pedagogical aims. To this end, we identify and articulate three learning mechanisms (active learning, problem-based learning, and competition) whose predicted outcomes are in line with self-reported games’ evaluations. Finally, drawing on practical live experiences, we outline some lessons learned from the teachers’ perspective and propose practical strategies to be used to teach and assess students using P-Cube games. This article is of particular interest to those scholars and practitioners willing to engage with innovative, interactive ways of teaching public policy making. Specifically, our practical insights may be of help for developers and future users of existing digital games and inspire the development of similar digital teaching tools.
Scatological Matters and a Politics of Care in Early Childhood
Authors: Templeton Tran Nguyen , Harvey Maggie
Published: December 2024

Background or Context:

Early childhood education in the United States has increasingly abdicated its role in caregiving. A central argument we make in this article is that the separation of care from education in early childhood has shaped how caregiving routines unfold, with significant implications for how children—particularly children of Color attending predominantly white early childhood institutions—come to understand themselves and their social positions. We theorize this as part of a broader politics of care, which we define as the inequitable access to meaningful care practices in early childhood settings.

Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study:

In this work, we focus on data from a study set within an early childhood site that actively emphasized its status as a “school,” rather than as “childcare.” By foregrounding the site’s practices around a caregiving routine like toileting, we demonstrate how the institutional framing of care impacts children’s experiences and the formation of their social identities. Simultaneously, we discuss how one young child’s use of photography served as a form of resistance, enabling him to “talk back” to how institutional discourses around care and schooling positioned him.

Research Design:

This is a theoretical project that uses data to instantiate the theory. We first walk the reader through our theoretical and conceptual framework, which draws on the historical separation of care from education in the United States, as well as literature related to a politics of care in early childhood education. We then exemplify the theory through a study of one school’s caregiving practices and a child’s experiences with these practices. The research featured within this article utilizes a multiphasic process of image-based research with young children.

Conclusions or Recommendations:

This data highlights the power relations at play within tensions created by the care–education divide. Using disability studies in education and critical childhood studies together, we can see how, in moments where care is withheld, Oliver (the focal child) is racialized and simultaneously treated as more incompetent than other children. His race, gender, age, and body played a role in the ways school worked to contain him, both on the playground and in the bathroom.
Session 5: Protein Degraders
Authors: Palyada Kiran , Hukkanen Renee , Leuenroth-Quinn Stephanie , Vitsky Allison , Peterson Richard , Stamp Katie , Hoover Clare , Volak Laurie
Published: December 2024

The so-called undruggable space is an exciting area of potential growth for drug development. Undruggable proteins are defined as those unable to be targeted via conventional small molecule drugs. New modalities are being developed to potentially target these proteins. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is one such new modality, which over the last two decades has moved from academia to industry. TPD makes use of the endogenous degradation machinery present in all cells, in which E3 ubiquitin ligases mark proteins for degradation via ubiquitin attachment. This session explored the challenges and perspectives of using protein degraders as novel therapeutic agents. The session began with a general introduction to the modality, followed by considerations in evaluating their on- and off-target toxicities including data from an IQ Consortium working group survey. Unique absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of degrader molecules were presented in relation to their effect on drug development and nonclinical safety assessment. The role of transgenic models in evaluating hemotoxicity associated with cereblon-based therapies was then discussed. A case study to derisk dose-limiting thrombocytopenia was also presented. Finally, a regulatory perspective on the challenges of having toxicity associated with protein degraders was presented.
Challenges of regional hospice and palliative care networks: A group discussion study with coordinators and network experts
Authors: Schwabe Sven , Röwer Hanna AA , Buck Christoph , Doctor Eileen , Schneider Nils , Herbst Franziska A
Published: December 2024

Background:

Within hospice and palliative care, professionals from various disciplines collaborate to deliver comprehensive care to terminal patients and their relatives. Regional hospice and palliative care networks exist in various countries, aimed at facilitating cooperation among health care providers at a local level. To date, little is known about the challenges faced by these networks.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by regional hospice and palliative care networks in Germany.

Design:

A qualitative study with n = 6 group discussions was conducted. Group discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Setting/participants:

Participants were n = 19 coordinators or leaders of regional hospice and palliative care networks in Germany or persons with theoretical expertise about these structures.

Results:

Regional hospice and palliative care networks face numerous challenges relating to: (1) establishment and development, (2) infrastructure, (3) moderation, (4) public relations and information exchange, (5) education and training and (6) the development of regional care services and practices. Network moderation appears crucial for network success and is highly dependent on infrastructural conditions. A key challenge is gaining network acceptance and support from potential network partners. Specifically, this includes securing the commitment of network partners to agree on common goals, develop joint actions and standards and allocate resources effectively.

Conclusions:

Sustainable infrastructure, competent network governance and adequate resources for network members are essential for the success of regional hospice and palliative care networks. To improve networking, funding conditions should be simplified, the involvement of network partners should be improved and network coordinators should receive training in network management.
Adverse reactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with angiogenesis inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance analysis of drug–drug interactions
Authors: Ren Xiayang , Deng Lei , Dong Xin , Bai Ying , Li Guohui , Wang Yanfeng
Published: December 2024

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and angiogenesis inhibitors (AGIs) is widely used in cancer treatment; however, drug–drug reactions (DDIs) remain unknown. We aimed to identify interaction signals for the concomitant use of ICIs and AGIs. Data were obtained from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2023. Disproportionality analysis was used for data mining by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Adjusted RORs were analysed using logistic regression analysis, considering age, sex and reporting year. Further confirmation was assessed via additive and multiplicative models. We identified 75,936 reports on ICIs combined with AGIs. Significant interaction signals were observed for hepatobiliary disorders (RORcrude: 5.25, 95% CI: 5.07–5.44, RORadj: 5.01, 95% CI: 4.82–5.22, additive models: 0.2323), investigations (RORcrude: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.62–1.70, RORadj: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.58–1.67, additive models: 0.2187, multiplicative models: 1.1265), renal and urinary disorders (RORcrude: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.80–1.95, RORadj: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.64–1.79, additive models: 0.3239, multiplicative models: 1.1799) and vascular disorders (RORcrude: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.87–2.02, RORadj: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.80–1.95, additive models: 0.5823, multiplicative models: 1.5676). Subset data analysis showed positive interaction signals for PDL-1/CTLA-4 inhibitors + AGI in hepatobiliary disorders, PD-1 inhibitors + AGI in investigations, or PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors + AGI in renal and urinary/ vascular disorders. Based on FAERS data, four systemic disorders were identified as having DDIs related to the combined use of ICIs and AGIs. Pre-clinical trials are required to explore the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Improved mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial cellulose with the introduction of ionic liquid
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wang Yunya , Li Xinrong , Liu Xiaozhi , Xie Yanyan , Zhong Cheng
Published: December 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer secreted by microorganisms with excellent tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM). However, the elongation at break (EAB) and toughness (TH) of dehydrated BC membranes are inadequate for some special applications. In this study, ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) was introduced into BC membranes to fabricate composite membranes. It was found that AmimCl could dissolve the BC nanofibers to a certain extent, and destroy the hydrogen bonds between the protofibrils. Therefore, compared with pure BC membrane, BC/AmimCl composite membranes exhibited improved EAB and TH. In addition, AmimCl had a positive effect on the thermal stability and transparency of the composite membranes. This study shows that ionic liquids have great potential to change the mechanical properties, optical properties and thermal stability of BC membranes.
MSOTL: Multi-source online transfer learning-enabled performance degradation assessment of machinery
Authors: Su Yu , Lei Zihao , Wen Guangrui
Published: December 2024

Performance degradation assessment is an important component of predictive maintenance for manufacturing systems and is crucial in determining whether they will persist to the overhaul check stage. However, different manufacturing systems’ feature space varies widely across service and degradation processes. Moreover, in real industrial scenarios, data arrives in real-time in a sequential manner. There is a bottleneck in how the model is being updated in real-time when the data is acquired online. To address the above issues, a novel degradation performance assessment method based on online transfer learning (OTL-DPA) is proposed. The initial transformed matrix is calculated between each source domain and partial target domain to obtain the mapped feature space, based on which the k-nearest neighbor (K-NN) classifier is constructed. When the sequential instances in the remaining target domain arrive, corresponding feature representations are obtained using the above-transformed matrices to reduce the distribution discrepancy. The final assessment results are obtained by integrating the multiple K-NN classifiers on mapped feature spaces. The key of OTL-DPA is to update the transformed matrices and classifier weights each time for a certain amount of samples. Experimental evaluation on fault type diagnosis and fault severity assessment cases indicates that OTL-DPA significantly outperforms non-transfer and general transfer learning methods in the bearing online assessment problems where data were obtained randomly or in a time sequence.
The role of occupational therapists in return-to-work practice for people with post-COVID condition: A scoping review
Authors: Sy Michael Palapal , Frey Sara , Baldissera Anna , Pineda Roi Charles , Toribio Fides Nadine Raya B.
Published: December 2024

Background

Return to work has become more valuable today more than ever especially for adult workers who experience post-COVID condition.

Objective

This scoping review aims to map the extant literature on the role of occupational therapists for people with post COVID condition returning to work. Specifically, we described the roles of occupational therapists, identified the professionals occupational therapists work with in this practice setting, and determined whether the concept of return to work is perceived as an outcome or a process.

Method

The review followed Arksey and O’Malley's framework and reported the results using PRISMA extension. A systematic database search was performed in June 2024 and was updated in February 2024 to retrieve literature published from 2021 onwards.

Results

A total of 33 papers from 5106 records were included. The included records were studies from varying designs and largely coming from Western and developed countries. Our results revealed that ooccupational therapists have a wide-ranging role from providing clinical assessments and interventions, facilitating and advocating activities to prepare for work participation, and working within teams to target clinical and return-to-work outcomes. To be effective in their role, occupational therapists work interprofessionally within teams composed of health, social, legal and service professionals. The concept of return to work was largely perceived as an outcome of rehabilitation and recovery, and less likely as a dynamic process that bridges patients from the health system to societal integration.

Conclusion

Occupational therapists have a crucial role in return-to-work practice especially for people with post COVID condition.
Modeling Neurocognitive Mechanisms in Multistable Perception: Insights Into Variability in Autism
Authors: Garrido Rebeca , Tovar Ángel Eugenio
Published: December 2024

Multistable perception, characterized by spontaneous alternations between perceptual states, has garnered increasing attention in autism research, because atypical performance in multistable perception tasks has been suggested as a behavioral marker of this population. However, previous studies in this field have yielded variable and conflicting results leading to inconsistent conclusions. Here we present a computational model integrating key neurocognitive mechanisms, all of which have been considered critical in accounting for atypical behavior in autism, such as bottom-up/top-down processes, the excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance, and neural noise. By systematically altering these mechanisms within an artificial neural network, we explored their functional roles on perceptual fluctuations. Our approach provides a clearer understanding of how specific behaviors may correlate with varied neural and cognitive alterations in autism. This model offers a perspective on key debates in autism research, such as the direction for the excitation/inhibition imbalance, and the possible dominance of bottom-up processing. Moreover, this model challenges heuristic single-mechanism theories of autism, favoring neurodiversity approaches by illustrating the spectrum’s complexity, where identical behaviors might result from diverse neurocognitive mechanisms. We highlight the need for future research to employ multiple behavioral tasks to map neurocognitive alterations in autism, aiming for more precise identification and management in therapeutic scenarios.
Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chen Haibin , Sun Liang , Yang Zhi , Qu Yuanyuan , Tong Nanyang , Sun Caixing , Xia Liang
Published: December 2024

Background:

Brain metastases are crucial in cancer progression, requiring focused efforts on the screening, early detection, and treatment. However, accurate forecasting the postoperative prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis remains a challenge. This retrospective study aims to discern the factors that influence the prognosis of such patients.

Methods:

A total of 151 cases from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were collected. Univariate analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test, while multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Student’s t-test and chi-square test were employed to examine the differences between the long-term survival and the short-term survival groups. Ultimately, a predictive model was constructed using R 4.2.1.

Results:

Univariate analysis identified 12 factors as prognostic factors, showing statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, the primary contributing factors to survival were identified as age, chemotherapy of brain metastases, pathology, surgery of nonsmall cell lung cancer, targeted drugs, and GPA score. Comparing long-term and short-term groups, age, pathology, surgery of lung, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy of brain metastases were statistically differentiating factors. Based on multivariate analysis, we established a clinical predictive model predicting 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates.

Conclusion:

Younger age, receiving chemotherapy for brain metastases, adenocarcinoma pathology, lung cancer surgery, targeted therapy, and a high GPA score are associated with longer survival. This model predicts the survival period for patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis after surgery and helps in selecting more effective treatment plans.
Improving Access to MS Care Through Technology
Authors: McGinley Marisa P.
Published: December 2024

People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience many barriers to accessing multiple sclerosis (MS) care that lead to diagnostic delays, delayed treatment, interrupted care, and significant economic burden. These barriers include limited geographic healthcare resources, financial burden, physical limitations, and inequities within the healthcare system. Telemedicine has the potential to reduce these barriers and improve access to care. The lack of geographic proximity to neurologists and MS Centers can be overcome by leveraging telemedicine which has been shown to significantly reduce travel burden. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies have shown telemedicine reduces indirect costs for PwMS including significantly lower mean costs in parking, gas, tolls, and wages lost compared to in-person visits. Although there has been evidence that telemedicine can reduce many barriers there is still a need to demonstrate the impact of longitudinal telemedicine care and its direct impact on access to MS care.
The Essence of Engagement: ‘Employee Connection’
Authors: Murthy P. V. Ramana
Published: December 2024

Engagement is essentially about the connection employees feel with their work, colleagues and leaders. The Microsoft Work Trend Index Annual Report 2021 reveals that 60% of team members feel less connected post-COVID-19, highlighting a significant issue. Factors like remote work have exacerbated this disconnect, negatively impacting collaboration. When employees lack connection, organisational performance suffers. The BetterUp report (2020) emphasises the importance of belonging at work, linking it to employee engagement and effectiveness. Addressing this disconnect is crucial. Many organisations use engagement surveys, but action is more important than assessment. Effective engagement requires continuous efforts to foster connection and belonging. Strategies include focusing on leadership behaviours, mutual respect, community engagement, wise use of technology, promoting emotional intelligence, fostering inclusion, investing in development, aligning horizontally, developing mid-level managers and giving a voice to the next generation. Understanding and prioritising employee connections is essential for building sustainable, thriving organisations.
NAD+ metabolism restriction boosts high-dose melphalan efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Soncini Debora , Becherini Pamela , Ladisa Francesco , Ravera Silvia , Chedere Adithya , Gelli Elisa , Giorgetti Giulia , Martinuzzi Claudia , Piacente Francesco , Mastracci Luca , Veneziano Claudia , Santamaria Gianluca , Monacelli Fiammetta , Ghanem Moustafa S. , Cagnetta Antonia , Guolo Fabio , Garibotto Matteo , Aquino Sara , Passalaqua Mario , Bruzzone Santina , Bellotti Axel , Duchosal Michel A. , Nahimana Aimable , Angelucci Emanuele , Nagasuma Chandra , Nencioni Alessio , Lemoli Roberto Massimo , Cea Michele
Published: December 2024

Elevated levels of the NAD+-generating enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) are a common feature across numerous cancer types. Accordingly, we previously reported pervasive NAD+ dysregulation in multiple myeloma (MM) cells in association with upregulated NAMPT expression. Unfortunately, albeit being effective in preclinical models of cancer, NAMPT inhibition has proven ineffective in clinical trials because of the existence of alternative NAD+ production routes using NAD+ precursors other than nicotinamide. Here, by leveraging mathematical modeling approaches integrated with transcriptome data, we defined the specific NAD+ landscape of MM cells and established that the Preiss-Handler pathway for NAD+ biosynthesis, which uses nicotinic acid as a precursor, supports NAD+ synthesis in MM cells via its key enzyme nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT). Accordingly, we found that NAPRT confers resistance to NAD+-depleting agents. Transcriptomic, metabolic, and bioenergetic profiling of NAPRT-knockout (KO) MM cells showed these to have weakened endogenous antioxidant defenses, increased propensity to oxidative stress, and enhanced genomic instability. Concomitant NAMPT inhibition further compounded the effects of NAPRT-KO, effectively sensitizing MM cells to the chemotherapeutic drug, melphalan; NAPRT added-back fully rescues these phenotypes. Overall, our results propose comprehensive NAD+ biosynthesis inhibition, through simultaneously targeting NAMPT and NAPRT, as a promising strategy to be tested in randomized clinical trials involving transplant-eligible patients with MM, especially those with more aggressive disease.
Safety and Efficacy of Glofitamab for Relapsed/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Multinational Real-World Study
Authors: Shumilov Evgenii , Wurm-Kuczera Rebecca , Kerkhoff Andrea , Wang Meng , Melchardt Thomas , Holtick Udo , Bacher Ulrike , Staber Philipp B. , Mazzeo Paolo , Leng Corinna , Böckle David , Hölscher Alexander Sebastian , Kauer Joseph , Rotter Natalia , Vucinic Vladan , Rudzki Jakob D. , Nachbaur David , Bücklein Veit L. , Schnetzke Ulf , Krämer Isabelle , Wille Kai , Hasse Alexander , von Tresckow Bastian , Hänel Mathias , Koenecke Christian , Velazquez Giuliano Filippini , Viardot Andreas , Schmid Christoph , Thurner Lorenz , Wolf Dominik , Subklewe Marion , Dreyling Martin , Dreger Peter , Dietrich Sascha , Keller Ulrich , Jaeger Ulrich , Greil Richard , Pabst Thomas , Lenz Georg , Chapuy Björn
Published: December 2024

Glofitamab, a bispecific antibody targeting CD20 and CD3, is approved for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) after at least two prior treatment lines, but real-world data is scarce. In this retrospective, multicenter, multinational study, we evaluated the outcomes of 70 patients with r/r DLBCL treated with glofitamab as part of the compassionate use patient program in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). The median number of prior treatment lines was four, with 71% of patients having received prior CAR-T therapy, and 71% being refractory to their last treatment. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in 40% of patients (grade 3-4 in 2%), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in 10% (grade 3 in 1%), and infections in 31% (grade 5 in 3%). The overall response rate was 47%, with 27% achieving complete responses (CR) and 20% partial responses (PR). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 5.7 months. Notably, 13 patients (19%) were in CR 6 months after initiation of glofitamab and exhibited durable responses. Elevated LDH is the most robust predictor of inferior outcome. Patients pretreated with bendamustine within 6 months prior glofitamab initiation exhibited significantly reduced PFS, suggesting that bendamustine may impair T-cell fitness and hence glofitamab efficacy. In summary, glofitamab demonstrates promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile in heavily pretreated r/r DLBCL patients in the real-world scenario and the optimal sequence of treatments should use T-cell-depleting agents before glofitamab with caution.
Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): commentary, Joks et al
Authors: Joks Gero , Su Steve , King Jarrad
Published: December 2024

Regarding the article, ‘Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial’, we commend Loo et al1 for undertaking the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study (KADS). In the interest of ensuring that accurate and balanced information is presented to healthcare professionals on treatment-resistant depression, we raise several points herein to help clarify and provide additional perspective to the researchers’ interpretation of their findings in the Discussion.
Glycemia and Insulin Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis 2 Years After Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor: PROMISE-ENDO
Authors: Chan Christine L , Shirley Bezerra Meghan , Stefanovski Darko , Gallop Robert J , Walega Rachel , Donaldson Scott H , Frederick Carla A , Freedman Steven D , Gelfond Daniel , Hoffman Lucas R , Narkewicz Michael R , Rowe Steven M , Sagel Scott D , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Solomon George M , Stalvey Michael S , Kelly Andrea
Published: December 2024

Background

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is a highly effective therapy that improves lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), but its effect on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion is unclear.

Methods

PROMISE is a multicenter prospective, observational study of ETI in pwCF ≥12 years and at least one F508del allele. The PROMISE Endocrine substudy (PROMISE-ENDO) enrolled participants at 10 CF Centers where hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was collected and 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) conducted to examine glucose tolerance, glucose excursions, and insulin secretory rates (deconvolution of C-peptide) and sensitivity (oral minimal model) prior to ETI and 12 to 18 months and 24-30 months following ETI initiation. Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to test within-subject ETI effects.

Results

At baseline, 79 participants completed OGTTs (39 [49%] male, median [IQR] age 19.6 [14.7, 27.3] years, BMI z-score 0.12 [−0.51, 0.65]). At 12-18 months n = 68 and at 24-30 months n = 58 completed OGTTs. At 24-30 months, fasting glucose (mg/dL) decreased (94 [92, 96] to 90 [88, 93], P = .02) in the subset not on insulin therapy (n = 61), but no differences in 1-hour or 2-hour glucose were found. HbA1c decreased from 5.8% (5.6%, 5.9%) to 5.5% (5.4%, 5.6%), P < .001 by 24-30 months. Although insulin sensitivity (mU/L−1 min−1) decreased (8.4 [7.2, 9.5] vs 6.8 [5.8, 7.9], P = .03), no changes in oral disposition index were found, P = .14.

Conclusion

After 2 years of ETI, fasting glucose and HbA1c showed modest decreases. Glucose tolerance varied, and overall measures of insulin secretion did not deteriorate.
The Influence of Pharmacogenetic Factors on the Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Its Metabolites in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mufti Kheireddin , Juárez-Hernández José Eduardo , Gheshlaghi Niloofar , Lovnicki Jessica M. , Rassekh S. Rod , Ross Colin J. D. , Carleton Bruce C. , Loucks Catrina M.
Published: December 2024

Morphine is a potent analgesic used for treating surgical and cancer pain. Despite being the drug of choice for the management of severe pain in children, the high interindividual variability in morphine pharmacokinetics limits its clinical utility to effectively relieve pain without adverse effects. This review was conducted to identify and describe all studies that have assessed the effect of genetic factors on the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its main metabolites in children. Embase and Medline databases were used to conduct the literature search, and the systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the 188 articles screened and after the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review identified 8 studies. These studies suggest that genetic variants of selected metabolic enzymes and transporters may play a role in the observed interindividual variability in morphine plasma concentrations. Variants of the genes SLC22A1 and ABCC3 had the most supporting evidence for genetic variants that influence morphine and morphine metabolites pharmacokinetics. Although the available evidence suggests a potential genetic contribution to the variability in morphine concentration, the heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of experimental design and small sample sizes in some studies makes it challenging to propose the use of genetic biomarkers to personalize morphine dosing. This underscores the need to conduct more comprehensive and large-scale pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic studies to determine how or if genetic testing can optimize morphine safety and effectiveness in children.
On Receiving Accounts from Others
Authors: Ahmed Sara
Published: December 2024

This essay takes up Judith Butler’s invitation to consider accounts of oneself as scenes of address by asking what follows when those accounts are complaints. Drawing on an empirical study of complaints made in universities, it examines how receiving complaints from others involves challenging the ways complaints are not heard by institutions, especially when they do not take the form of complaints made about individuals by individuals. It shows how we can draw on Butler’s reflections on accounts as “scenes of address” to explore complaints both as accounts given to institutions and as efforts to bring institutions to account. It calls the task of listening to complaints “becoming a feminist ear.”
Giving a Global Account of Oneself: Narratives of the Humanitarian Atlantic
Authors: Paustian Megan Cole
Published: December 2024

In Giving an Account of Oneself, Judith Butler asks how we justify our lives through narrative and what this means for ethical relations with others. This essay repositions Butler’s work in a humanitarian frame, foregrounding how moral commitments play out on a transatlantic scale. The humanitarian impulse is rooted, partly, in the desire to narrate oneself onto the globe, linking a savior to a suffering other, with Africa problematically positioned as the ultimate target of Western benevolence. Through analysis of NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names, this essay mobilizes Butler’s theory of the unstable, unknowable self as a resource for humanitarian ethics.
Cortical Activation during Dorsi-Plantarflexion Tasks and its Association with Sensorimotor Function in Ankle Instability
Authors: Xiao Songlin , Zhang Chuyi , Shen Bin , Xu Zhen , Li Jingjing , Zhan Jianglong , Zhou Junhong , Fu Weijie
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate differences in cortical activation between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during a dorsi-plantarflexion task and further explore its association with sensorimotor function.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 62 participants were recruited, including 31 adults with CAI and 31 healthy adults. Sensorimotor functions, including joint position sense and force sense, were tested using absolute error associated with joint position reproduction and force reproduction tasks. A block design was used to collect task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging by using a custom-built, MRI-compatible device during a dorsi-plantarflexion task.

Results

Individuals with CAI showed significantly worse joint position sense and force sense in all four movement directions than those without CAI. CAI is significantly associated with lower cortical activation in the sensorimotor network, mainly including the right postcentral gyrus, right supplementary motor area (SMA) and left precentral gyrus. A weaker functional connectivity was found between the right putamen cluster and the left precentral gyrus in CAI. Greater associations between plantarflexion position sense with cortical activation were observed in the left precentral gyrus, bilateral putamen, and right SMA in CAI, but not in healthy controls.

Conclusions

Individuals with CAI had worse sensorimotor function, experienced lower task-related cortical activation in the sensorimotor network, and had a weaker resting-state functional connectivity between the putamen with the left precentral gyrus compared with healthy controls. Plantarflexion position sense was negatively associated with cortical activation in the left precentral gyrus, bilateral putamen and right SMA in individuals with CAI, but not in healthy controls. These findings suggested that impaired sensorimotor function partly corresponded to potential neurophysiological alterations in individuals with CAI.
A pena que faltou para o título: desafios de operações em uma escola de samba
Authors: Santos Silva Alessandro
Published: December 2024

A Unidos do Morro é uma escola de samba tradicional que busca o título do Carnaval, mas enfrenta um dilema: como conciliar a tradição com a necessidade de modernização? A escola perdeu o título no ano passado por uma falha crítica: uma pena que deveria compor o adereço de cabeça de uma das alas não foi colocada durante a confecção. Isso evidenciou a necessidade de uma gestão mais eficiente. A iretoria busca um equilíbrio entre a preservação da tradição e a modernização, mas precisa convencer Seu Zé, o carnavalesco, que é resistente a mudanças e defende um método tradicional. A busca por um sistema de gestão que ajude a organizar a produção, controlar os custos, evitar erros e garantir a qualidade das fantasias precisa ser realizada sem comprometer a alma e a tradição da escola. Este estudo de caso é indicado para estudantes de graduação em Administração, especialmente nas disciplinas de gestão de operações, gestão de projetos, gestão da qualidade e empreendedorismo. Também pode ser utilizado em cursos de pós-graduação em áreas afins, como MBAs em Gestão de Negócios.
Testes com consulta para avaliação de conhecimento de estudantes da área da saúde
Authors: Duque Taciana , FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO LUCIENE MARIA
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O teste com consulta, (TC) é uma estratégia de avaliação que permite ao estudante a consulta a fontes de estudo durante a sua realização. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do teste com consulta online em cursos da área da saúde. Método: estudo de avaliação sobre a utilização de testes online com consulta com estudantes e docentes da área da saúde entre fevereiro de 2023 a março de 2024. Aplicado formulário online com assertivas relacionadas ao teste em escala de Likert de 5 pontos. Realizada pelos docentes  análise de 60 questões previamente aplicadas, em relação à taxonomia e método socrático. Utilizado o  pacote estatístico R versão 4.0. para análise O critério de consenso para assertivas  Ranking médio acima de 3 e para a análise das questões a concordância de mais de 50% dos avaliadores. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição  sob o número: 6.260.105. Resultados: Participaram 148 estudantes e 24 docentes que concordaram com instruções prévias esclarecedoras sobre o teste .Consideraram  o tempo do teste satisfatório e seguro o método com relação a fraude. Na análise das questões,40% estavam de acordo com o método socrático; 32%  cobravam memorização, 41% compreender/aplicar  e 27%  de  resolução de problemas. Os docentes concordaram que o TC é uma boa forma de avaliar conhecimento, o que não ficou ainda evidente na opinião dos estudantes. Conclusão: estudantes e docentes não identificaram dificuldades com utilização e aplicação dos testes, sendo reconhecido por estes últimos como um bom modelo na avaliação do conhecimento.
Evidências em política, planejamento e gestão em saúde aplicadas à doença renal crônica: revisão de escopo
Authors: RODRIGUES SARMENTO LUANA , CARVALHO FONTENELE FERNANDA MARIA , SACRAMENTO ARAGÃO THICIANO , PAIXÃO DE MENEZES ANGÉLICA , CASTELO BRANCO CAMURÇA FERNANDES PAULA FRASSINETTI
Published: December 2024

Diante do contexto histórico e epidemiológico da doença renal no Brasil, observou-se a necessidade de aprofundar na política, planejamento e gestão em saúde. Para tanto, objetivou-se mapear as iniciativas nacionais nestes campos. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realizada a partir da consulta nas bases de dados Web of Science, MEDLINE, BVS, Scopus e CINAHL, por periódicos científicos e na literatura cinzenta. Selecionamos 47 publicações para extração de dados dos 604 documentos encontrados inicialmente, e organizou-se categorias. O escopo das produções acerca da política, planejamento e gestão em saúde aplicados à doença renal crônica foi se desenvolvendo ao longo dos anos, em meio a portarias, resoluções, documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e artigos científicos diversos, porém incipientes diante da relevância da doença. Aponta-se o baixo interesse de pesquisa nessa área específica, assim como a necessidade de maior abordagem na política em saúde, planejamento e gestão da doença renal no Brasil, para que se tenha base científica acurada nas decisões gestoras. Acredita-se que compreender o contexto, o conceito e as características da doença renal influencie a operacionalização, governança e avaliação de desempenho na sua gestão.
HEADACHE MAP: uma experiência interativa médico-paciente no manejo das cefaleias
Authors: Borges Gleydson , De Oliveira Carvalho Renata , Freitas de Carvalho João José , Marçal Edgar
Published: December 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Cefaleias são condições extremamente prevalentes e que acometem indivíduos de todas as idades, sexos, raças e níveis socioeconômicos. Oportunamente, o diagnóstico baseia-se na anamnese e exame físico. A interação médico-paciente é fundamental na jornada dos indivíduos acometidos. Com o advento da tecnologia, o uso de aplicativos passou a ser uma realidade para tal fim. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um aplicativo e avaliar sua aceitabilidade e usabilidade por médicos para auxílio diagnóstico das principais cefaleias e mapeamento das crises de dor de cabeça. METODOLOGIA: Realizado pesquisa na base de dados PubMed e nas lojas de aplicativos oficiais dos sistemas operacionais móveis (Google Play para Android e App Store para iOS), visando revisar o tema e identificar limitações e oportunidades em aplicativos existentes. O aplicativo desenvolvido foi submetido à avaliação de 30 médicos quanto à aceitação e usabilidade do modelo tecnológico através de questionários específicos. RESULTADOS: Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo chamado Headache Map® e validado por especialistas em cefaleia. Na amostra estudada, 50% eram do sexo feminino. O resultado da análise das respostas aos questionários atingiu mais de 90% de conformidade quanto à aceitabilidade. Em relação à usabilidade, identificou-se mais de 95% de aprovação. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível a criação de um aplicativo, chamado Headache Map®, em sua versão alpha para plataforma Android, para auxílio diagnóstico, manejo e seguimento de pacientes com cefaleia com alta aceitação pelo público-alvo desse projeto.
Construção e validação de manual prático sobre a classificação internacional de funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde para fisioterapeutas
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Barbosa Nylene Maria , Vilar dos Santos Andrade Tácia Gabriela , de Oliveira Lima Marcela Raquel , Silveira Braglia Cesar Vieira Juliany
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O uso da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) por fisioterapeutas tem o intuito de tornar a avaliação e tratamento mais abrangente; determinado como enfoque a funcionalidade humana e o Modelo Biopsicossocial. Objetivo: Elaborar e validar manual prático para utilização da CIF como ferramenta para guiar o diagnóstico cinético funcional por profissionais de fisioterapia na área de traumato-ortopedia e reumatologia. Métodos: Estudo de validação de conteúdo e semântica com amostra de 10 juízes. Foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo Geral (IVCG) para análise estatística do instrumento com uma concordância mínima de 80%. Submetido ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira e aprovado sob o parecer nº 5.097.583. Foi realizada aplicação de questionário online sobre características sociodemográficas e profissionais, além de um questionário com a Escala Likert para a validação de conteúdo e semântica. Resultados: Os juízes apresentaram média de pontuação na tabela de Ferhring de 7,2. Destes, 90,9% são fisioterapeutas e 9,1% fisioterapeuta e educadora física. Cerca de 36,4% dos juízes afirmaram possuir titulação de mestres na área da saúde, 45,5% especialização lato sensu em fisioterapia traumato-ortopédica e reumatológica e 54,5% relataram ter realizado cursos sobre a CIF. O manual apresentou o IVCG para o conteúdo de 84% e 86% para a validação semântica. Conclusão: O manual foi validado em uma única rodada e consta de 5 capítulos. Atendeu ao objetivo que se propunha, pois tanto a validação de conteúdo quanto a de semântica obtiveram o consenso necessário.
Avaliação dos processos de estudo e autorregulação da aprendizagem dos discentes de um curso de medicina
Authors: COSTA DE OLIVEIRA CLAUDIA MARIA , Farias Barbosa Lívia , Olímpio Vasconcelos Carneiro Marcela , Alves Tavares Maria Gabriella , Almeida da Cunha Ana Luise
Published: December 2024

O sucesso acadêmico é influenciado por muitos fatores, entre eles técnicas de aprendizagem, automotivação,  gerenciamento de tempo, autorregulação e tipos de estudo. O desenvolvimento da autorregulação é uma aptidão natural do ser humano, mas pode ser ensinada, contribuindo assim, com a capacidade de o aluno evoluir em sua aprendizagem. Outro fator importante no desempenho acadêmico é o processo de estudo (superficial, profundo e estratégico).  O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os processos de estudo e a autorregulação da aprendizagem dos alunos do primeiro ao oitavo semestres de um curso de Medicina. Foram incluídos alunos com idade superior a 18 anos, que receberam formulário Google forms, através do whastapp, para avaliação dos processos de estudo e do processo de auto-regulação do estudo. Resultados: Participaram 643 discentes, idade média de 23,8 anos e 67,2% feminino. 91,3% dos discentes usam slides do professor como principal ferramenta de estudo e 73,6% apresentam estudo do tipo consistente. Na avaliação dos processos de estudo (IPE), os alunos obtiveram maiores escores nos itens relativos a aprendizagem profunda e na avaliação da autorregulação do estudo (IPAA), a mediana do escore foi 3,89. Conclusão: Embora seja um processo complexo, a autorregulação deve ser ensinada e aprimorada no contexto educativo.
Study of gene expression regulation with spatial segregation and weak ties models
Authors: Μαυρόπουλος-Παπούδας Στυλιανός
Published: December 2024

Γονίδια που βρίσκονται κοντά μεταξύ τους στο γραμμικό γονιδίωμα συχνά συμμετέχουν σε κοινά ρυθμιστικά πρότυπα. Η παρούσα εργασία προτείνει μια νέα προσέγγιση για τη μελέτη της γονιδιακής έκφρασης, η οποία εντοπίζει περιοχές στο γονιδίωμα που μοιράζονται κοινά μοτίβα έκφρασης (Περιοχές Εστιακής Απορρύθμισης, Domains of Focal Deregulation, DFDs) μαζί με τους λειτουργικούς εμπλουτισμούς των γονιδίων που βρίσκονται εκεί. Αυτές οι τοπολογικές και λειτουργικές πληροφορίες συνδυάζονται μέσω δομών από τη θεωρία γράφων, δημιουργώντας διμερή χωρικά-λειτουργικά δίκτυα.Στο πρώτο μέρος αυτής της εργασίας, η μεθοδολογία αυτή εφαρμόστηκε σε δεδομένα πλήρους μεταγραφώματος (RNAseq) από παρατεταμένη έκθεση σε TNF σε αρθρικούς ινοβλάστες ποντικού. Η ανάλυσή μας αποκαλύπτει δύο διακριτές φάσεις μετάβασης. Αρχικά, φαίνεται να υπάρχει μια φλεγμονώδης απόκριση, η οποία αργότερα μετατρέπεται σε εμπλουτισμούς που σχετίζονται με την κυτταρική γειτνίαση και τις αναπτυξιακές λειτουργίες. Τα διμερή δίκτυα εντοπίζουν τα παρατηρούμενα αποτελέσματα σε συγκεκριμένες περιοχές του γονιδιώματος.Στο δεύτερο μέρος, βελτιώσαμε και εφαρμόσαμε τη μέθοδο αυτή σε ένα μεγαλύτερο δημοσιευμένο σύνολο δεδομένων, γενικεύοντας τις βασικές έννοιες ώστε να μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν με ελάχιστες τροποποιήσεις σε ποικίλα δεδομένα RNAseq. Τα πειράματα χωρίστηκαν στην αρχική δημοσίευση σε τέσσερις κύριους τύπους κυττάρων. Προσπαθήσαμε να κατατάξουμε τα δείγματα στον τύπο κυττάρου τους χρησιμοποιώντας πληροφορίες από την κατάτμηση του γονιδιώματός μας, για να επισημάνουμε τη βιολογική σημασία και να δείξουμε ότι τα DFDs που παράγονται από την κατάτμηση είναι χαρακτηριστικά του συστήματος που μελετάμε. Το pipeline μας χωρίζεται σε ξεχωριστά modules, επιτρέποντας στους χρήστες να χρησιμοποιήσουν τον κώδικα στα δικά τους δεδομένα.