bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and evaluation of potash alum as deodorant lotion and after shaving astringent as cream and gel
Authors: Alzomor Abdulkarim K. , Moharram Ahmad Safe , Al Absi Nahlah Mansour
Published: January 2014

Potash alum has different traditional application including deodorant and astringent. In order to wide advancement in development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries we preferred to work in this field as well as for improvement of safety and efficacy of traditionally used natural products. The aim of the present study was to formulate deodorant potash alum as lotion dosage form and astringent as cream and gel dosage forms. The activity of potash alum against axillaries normal microbiota was tested in vitro using wells diffusion agar method for different concentrations (0.1% to 9%) on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as 2% and also subculture was done to determine the activity of potash alum as bacteriostatic. Alum powder has wide traditional usage as astringent to prevent bleeding from minor cuts and for its accelerated healing. Therefore, a more appropriate dosage form was designed in a suitable concentration (2% gel) to elongate its astringent activity by its higher retention time due to highly viscous nature of gel. Using suitable excipients, 2% lotion and gel were prepared by dispersion method while emulsification was used for preparation of the potash alum cream of same strength. The above formulations were evaluated by comparing their pH, viscosity, spreadability, contents uniformity and in vitro diffusion. The stability study was carried out at 25°C for 3 months and at 40°C with 75±5% RH for one month. pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and consistency of the products were evaluated at the end of the studies. The results indicated no change in the formulations demonstrating their stable nature as a dosage form and suitability as a commercial product line.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i2.17512 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2014, 3(2): 228-233
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of World Heritage Site Image: The Case of Hue
Authors: Cheng Mingming , Wong Ipkin Anthony , Liu Matthew Tingchi
Published: January 2014

Tourism image has commonly applied at the destination level, but its application in heritage sites with cross-cultural comparisons remains sparse. The objective of this research note is to explore the image of Hue's UNESCO world heritage sites and to examine cross-cultural differences between domestic and international tourists on this image. We adopt Echtner and Ritchie's image definition and apply it to assess the three image continuums—attribute–holistic, functional–psychological, and common–unique—using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This study provides a timely update of the literature and offers both scholars and practitioners a better understanding of heritage site image and its cross-cultural differences.
Sustainable Festival Populations: An Application of Organizational Ecology
Authors: Andersson Tommy D. , Getz Don , Mykletun Reidar J.
Published: January 2014

This article addresses the sustainability of festival populations from the perspective of organizational ecology theory, and in particular age and density dependence. Data from whole populations of festivals in three Norwegian counties are examined. Analyses of festival start-ups demonstrate that the number of events in each county had risen faster than population growth before plateauing, and changes were correlated significantly with trends in the Norwegian gross domestic product. Data on festival age, theme, and other variables were also considered in the light of whole population dynamics. It is concluded that the fundamental tenets of density dependence theory were empirically demonstrated insofar as rapid growth in the festival populations was not sustainable when resources diminished, but no data were available on festival failures. It appears that the hypothetical legitimation of festivals helps to explain rapid growth, as festivals have become popular instruments of public policy. Implications are drawn for future whole population studies and for policy makers who would seek to manage portfolios or whole populations of festivals.
Revelation of Nature-minded Travelers: A Study of the Swedish
Authors: Chen Joseph S. , Prebensen Nina K. , Chen Ya-Ling , Kim Hyangmi
Published: January 2014

This research delineates the underlying markets of Swedish travelers visiting nature-based destinations in Norway. A total of 2,034 respondents are partitioned into mutually exclusive groups, based on the following four nature-related travel motivations: (1) to experience Norwegian
nature, (2) to be active in nature, (3) to travel in a country that takes the environment seriously, and (4) to get close to nature. Consequently, the study reveals three distinct groups: (1) the Hardcore Explorer, (2) the Typical Participant, and (3) the Casual Seeker. All groups noted their
most important motivation in this travel is “to experience the beautiful Norwegian nature.” While the Casual Seeker, which represents the smallest cluster, does not regard nature as the main attractor to Norway, the other two clusters are more likely to be motivated by their interest
in nature. Relevant discussions and suggestions for future studies are provided in the conclusion.
International Sustainability Agreements: Are They Politically Influential for Tourism Governance Innovations?
Authors: Dinica Valentina
Published: January 2014

Political decision makers have significant roles to play in supporting or undermining the sustainability of tourism development nationally. To investigate their contributions to governance innovations, this article suggests a meta-conceptualization of governance in the form of Societal
Hardwares (institutions/laws/strategies/policies) interacting with Societal Processes (psychological/policy oriented/political/social/economic/organizational). This article addresses a question that has not received so far any scholarly attention, namely whether the international sustainability
agreements concluded in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and Johannesburg (2002) have generated meaningful innovations in the governance of national tourism sectors, able to facilitate their sustainable development. Drawing on sociopsychology literature, this article proposes to differentiate among three
groups of mechanisms that may influence the decision-making patterns and outcomes of political actors: Persuasion, Constraining, and Enabling Mechanisms. The research question is investigated empirically by means of the case study approach, looking at the political implementation processes
by Parliament and Government in the Netherlands. The challenge for governance innovation addressed is that of horizontal policy integration across four policy domains: environmental protection, nature conservation, recreation, and tourism. The international agreements are assessed as having
the effect of Persuasion Mechanisms on both political decision makers. Content-wise they were politically influential for Parliament but not for Government, who failed to adopt adequate governance innovations.
Trip Budget and Destination Advertising Response
Authors: Choe Yeongbae , Stienmetz Jason L. , Fesenmaier Daniel R.
Published: January 2014

Advertising is one of the most important tools for destination marketing organizations. As such, many advertising effectiveness studies have been conducted which focus on the direct consequences of destination advertising. However, little of this research has examined the linkages between
responses targeting certain aspects of the trip (e.g., hotel accommodation, attractions visited, etc.) and changes in trip budget as defined by the length of stay and money spent. The results of this study confirm that changes in trip budget and response to the destination advertising are
related and they both impact total trip expenditures, but their impacts vary based on the nature of the trip. These relationships provide important implications for the understanding and design of destination advertising programs.
Social Valuation and Repeat Visitation of Grey Nomads in Regional Queensland of Australia
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka
Published: January 2014

This is the first attempt at measuring the social valuation of self-drive elderly tourists based on a case study of those visiting regional Queensland of Australia in their caravans. Using the negative binomial model incorporating travel cost, and data from a pilot survey of 90 respondents,
it was found that the grey nomads' valuation of their visit to the Beaudesert region was A$833 per trip and their demand for travel was price insensitive. This reflects the huge sustainable revenue potential of the grey nomad market for tourism. The study also highlights factors that
affect the visit frequency of grey nomads who are often repeat tourists. The findings of this study are an important policy tool for the management and understanding of elderly caravanning tourism.
Not So Different After All: Tourism Industry Members' Opinions Regarding Recent and Future Tourism Issues
Authors: Nicholls Sarah
Published: January 2014

The tourism industry is fragmented in nature and this is sometimes manifested in perceived or actual differences in viewpoint between various subsets of the sector. In Michigan, for example, anecdotal evidence suggests such differences based on geographic location (in the Upper or the
Lower Peninsula) and on setting (rural or urban). The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in opinion between members of various tourism industry segments regarding their perceptions of recent and future changes in their state's tourism sector. Based on 132 responses to an
online survey, the study found that there was, in fact, virtually no difference in opinion between industry members regarding recent and future changes in the Michigan tourism industry based on their geographic location, geographic setting, or number of years in the industry. The high level
of consensus that became apparent as a result of these analyses bodes well for continued unification of the industry, in particular its efforts to raise awareness among elected officials of the importance of tourism to the economic well-being of the state and to garner support for increased
Pure Michigan funding.
Is There a Right to Tourism?
Authors: Breakey Noreen , Breakey Hugh
Published: January 2014

With international tourist numbers surpassing 1 billion in 2012, the increasing consideration of the ethical issues in the Tourism Studies literature, and the investigation of “rights” in the broader context, it is surprising that the right to tourism has remained a relatively
unexamined philosophical question. Indeed, even broader rights, such as the right to leisure, the right to freedom of movement, and the right to the pursuit of happiness, have little philosophical treatment—compared to the well-trammeled ground of rights of property, free speech, and
suffrage, for example. While it is not possible (in a short review article) to mount a comprehensive case, in this review article Noreen and Hugh Breakey position their argument in the context of the international law of human rights, and offer a prima facie justification of the right to tourism
on a number of ethical grounds, and present what they argue to be the philosophical right to pursue tourism. (Abstract by the Reviews Editor) [Readers of this journal who may wish to respond to these views (emanating from the east coast of Australia) are encouraged to send their short critiques
to The Review Editor of Tourism Analysis, viz., to Prof. Keith Hollinshead at khdeva@btopenworld. com. The editors will be particularly pleased to receive critiques/commentaries/challenges to Is There a Right to Tourism? that are under 1,000 words.]
A Field Focuses on Destinations: Papers from the 7th International Coastal and Marine Tourism Congress
Authors: Miller Marc L. , Auyong Jan , Smeenge Martijn , Offringa Ben , Myles Peter B. , Lück Michael
Published: January 2014

The organizing theme of the 7th International Coastal and Marine Tourism Congress was “Planning, Designing, and Managing the Destination.” This editorial begins with a commentary on how “destination” has been conceptualized and defined over the last several
decades in the multidisciplinary tourism literature. Six articles presented at CMT '12 are introduced in this special double issue. Taken together they illustrate a variety of research questions and results bearing on the condition and future of coastal and marine tourism destinations.
Segmenting Adventure Tourists: A Cluster Analysis of Scuba Divers in Eastern Australia
Authors: Tschapka Michael K. , Kern Christine L.
Published: January 2014

Scuba diving is a popular hard adventure activity in Australia, but only limited information exists about those who participate in this tourism activity. This research investigated involvement, sociodemographic characteristics, motivations, and setting preferences of scuba divers in
Eastern Australia. Diving club members (n=294) were surveyed through a web-based questionnaire. Based on the participants' involvement, five clusters emerged that differed in the involvement components. It is recommended that a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences
of adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement is important for theory development and segmentation of this group of tourists. It will contribute to a better understanding of adventure tourists' motivations and involvement.
Environmental Practices of Sea Kayak Guides in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Simmonds Greg , Hood Rob
Published: January 2014

Seventeen commercial sea kayak guides were observed covertly on multiple trips in coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada. Behavioral observation criteria were developed from existing environmental best management practices (EBMPs). Guides demonstrated both common and less common low-impact
practices that enabled interactive experiences desired by clients. However, not all observed behaviors demonstrated low-impact practices. Guide behavior was inconsistent relative to campfire management, wildlife interactions, and camp management. Although sea kayak guides appreciate the importance
of reducing visitor impacts on wilderness environments, they have not yet consistently adopted EBMPs. Impact minimization programs can only be effective if applied in a consistent manner and therefore are essential for future viability of the industry.
Managing Dune Landscape Changes at Jockey's Ridge State Park, North Carolina
Authors: Mitas Ondrej , Mitasova Helena , Brothers Gene , Weaver Katherine
Published: January 2014

Coastal dunes are challenging to manage due to their dynamic nature, vulnerable ecosystems, and recreational demand. A limited management approach was studied at Jockey's Ridge, the largest active dune on the US Atlantic coast. Visitor experience data, digital elevation models, and
informal stories and photos were integrated in a case study approach. Data revealed the value of an integrated management approach that preserved the dune as a unique “living” geomorphological feature with interventions limited to the park borders. The accessibility of the dune
to visitors facilitated intense, enjoyable interactions with nature. Elevation data show that the management approach has maintained the dune's unique naturally dynamic character, revealing the benefits of preserving processes rather than features.
Stakeholder Collaboration in Tourism Development: The Case of Veerse Meer, the Netherlands
Authors: Van Den Bergh Marinka C.
Published: January 2014

In this article current stakeholder collaboration in tourism development was investigated in the area Veerse Meer, a lake area situated in the southwest of the Netherlands. Since four local public organizations are involved in its development as well as multiple private stakeholders,
it presents an interesting case to analyze options for collaboration. Through interviews and a discussion group with stakeholder representatives the research indicates that, despite an awareness of the importance of collaboration in tourism planning, collaboration is not seen as an effective
strategy for the tourism development process in Veerse Meer. Different viewpoints, as well as the missing “sense of urgency,” are seen as major constraints for collaboration.
Marina Impacts on the Local Population and on Tourism Development in Horta (Azores Islands), Portugal
Authors: Silveira Luís , Santos Norberto
Published: January 2014

Horta was the first city of the Azores Islands (Portugal) to have a marina. Over time, yachts from all over the world have brought to this city more than the expected tourism economic impact. In fact, the existence of the marina developed a nautical culture in the local population,
as well as a strong symbolic relationship with the sea. The marina has become the most important structure of the city and a brand of this island. Survey results show that Horta and the marina are seen by residents as a single integrated element.
Mating between Echinacea angustifolia (Asteraceae) individuals increases with their flowering synchrony and spatial proximity
Authors: Ison Jennifer L. , Wagenius Stuart , Reitz Diedre , Ashley Mary V.
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: Although spatial distance is considered the primary factor in determining plant mating patterns, flowering time and synchrony are also likely to be important.

• Methods: We quantified the relationships of both distance and flowering phenology to the probability of mating between individual plants. In an experimental plot, we followed daily flowering phenology in Echinacea angustifolia, a self‐incompatible perennial pollinated by solitary bees. We assigned paternity to 832 of 927 seedlings from 37 maternal plants using 11 microsatellite loci. Potential pollen donors included the experiment plot's 202 flowering plants and a nearby plot's 19 flowering plants. For each maternal plant sampled, we examined the pollen pool by quantifying correlated paternity and the effective number of pollen donors.

• Key results: Significantly more pollinations occurred between neighboring and synchronous plants than expected under random mating, with distance being more important than flowering synchrony. The distance pollen moved varied over the course of the season, with late flowering plants mating with more distant plants compared to early or peak flowering plants. All maternal plants had a diverse set of mates (mean number of effective pollen donors = 23.7), and the composition of the pollen pools overlapped little between maternal plants.

• Conclusion: Both distance and flowering synchrony influenced pollination patterns in E. angustifolia. Our results suggest that pollen movement between incompatible mates and flowering asynchrony could be contributing to the reduced seed set observed in small E. angustifolia remnants. However, we also found that individual plants receive pollen from a diverse group of pollen donors.
Intraspecific ploidy variation: A hidden, minor player in plant–soil–mycorrhizal fungi interactions
Authors: Sudová Radka , Pánková Hana , Rydlová Jana , Münzbergová Zuzana , Suda Jan
Published: January 2014

•Premise of the study:Genome duplication and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis are ubiquitous in angiosperms. While the significance of each of these phenomena separately has been intensively studied, their interaction remains to be understood.

•Methods:Three diploid and three hexaploid populations ofAster amellus(Asteraceae) were characterized in terms of the soil conditions in situ and mycorrhizal root colonization. In a greenhouse experiment, the effects of ploidy level, substrate conditions, and AM fungi on plant performance were then separated by growing noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with AM fungi in substrates native to either the diploids or hexaploids.

•Key results:The diploids inhabited nutritionally richer sites but did not differ from hexaploid plants in the level of mycorrhizal root colonization in situ. In the experiment, hexaploids generally performed better than the diploids. This intercytotype growth difference was enhanced by soil fertility, with hexaploids benefiting more from nutritionally richer substrate than the diploids. AM inoculation was crucial for plant growth and phosphorus uptake. The interaction between ploidy level and AM inoculation significantly influenced only dry mass of roots, phosphorus concentrations in shoot biomass, and the length of the extraradical mycelium in the nonsterile substrates.

•Conclusions:Our results support the idea that polyploidy can affect the mycorrhizal growth response of host plants. Nevertheless, the effects of the interaction between ploidy and inoculation were weaker than the main effects of these factors.
Diversification times among Brassica (Brassicaceae) crops suggest hybrid formation after 20 million years of divergence
Authors: Arias Tatiana , Beilstein Mark A. , Tang Michelle , McKain Michael R. , Pires J. Chris
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: Cruciferous vegetables, many of which are in the genus Brassica (Brassicaceae), are prized for their nutritive value and have been cultivated for thousands of years. There are numerous wild northwestern Mediterranean species in the tribe Brassiceae, and it is therefore assumed this center of diversity is also the region of origin. Within the tribe, the Nigra and Oleracea clades contain the three diploid Brassica crops, B. oleracea, B. rapa, and B. nigra. These three species hybridized in the past to form the tetraploid crop species B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. napus. Collectively, these crop Brassicas have been thought to be closely related because they can still hybridize.

• Methods: Using a combination of molecular phylogenetics, diversification analysis, and historical biogeography, we evaluated the relationships and origins of four nested clades: the tribe Brassiceae, the Nigra‐Oleracea clade, the core Oleracea (includes B. oleracea + B. rapa and their respective wild relatives), and Brassica oleracea and relatives.

• Key results: We found evidence that the tribe originated around the intersection forming between the Arabian Peninsula and Saharan Africa approximately 24 million years ago (Mya). Our data also suggest that the maternal genomes of the three diploid crop Brassicas are not closely related and that the Nigra‐Oleracea clade diverged 20 Mya. Finally, our analyses indicate that the core Oleracea lineage giving rise to B. oleracea + B. rapa originated ≈3 Mya in the northeastern Mediterranean, from where ancestors of B. oleracea spread through Europe and B. rapa to Asia.

• Conclusions: These results challenge previous hypotheses about the biogeographic origins of the tribe Brassiceae and the crop Brassica species and appear to be correlated with major geological and climatic events in the Mediterranean basin.
Diagnostic Pure-Tone Audiometry in Schools: Mobile Testing without a Sound-Treated Environment
Authors: Swanepoel De Wet , Maclennan-Smith Felicity , Hall James W.
Published: January 2014

Purpose:To validate diagnostic pure-tone audiometry in schools without a sound-treated environment using an audiometer that incorporates insert earphones covered by circumaural earcups and real-time environmental noise monitoring.Research Design:A within-subject repeated
measures design was employed to compare air (250 to 8000 Hz) and bone (250 to 4000 Hz) conduction pure-tone thresholds measured in natural school environments with thresholds measured in a sound-treated booth.Study Sample:149 children (54% female) with an average age of 6.9 yr (SD =
0.6; range = 5‐8).Results:Average difference between the booth and natural environment thresholds was 0.0 dB (SD = 3.6) for air conduction and 0.1 dB (SD = 3.1) for bone conduction. Average absolute difference between the booth and natural environment was 2.1 dB (SD = 2.9) for
air conduction and 1.6 dB (SD = 2.7) for bone conduction. Almost all air- (96%) and bone-conduction (97%) threshold comparisons between the natural and booth test environments were within 0 to 5 dB. No statistically significant differences between thresholds recorded in the natural and booth
environments for air- and bone-conduction audiometry were found (p > 0.01).Conclusions:Diagnostic air- and bone-conduction audiometry in schools, without a sound-treated room, is possible with sufficient earphone attenuation and real-time monitoring of environmental noise.
Audiological diagnosis on-site for school screening may address concerns of false-positive referrals and poor follow-up compliance and allow for direct referral to audiological and/or medical intervention.
Understanding Protocol Performance: Impact of Test Performance
Authors: Turner Robert G.
Published: January 2014

Background:This is the second of two articles that examine the factors that determine protocol performance. The objective of these articles is to provide a general understanding of protocol performance that can be used to estimate performance, establish limits on performance,
decide if a protocol is justified, and ultimately select a protocol. The first article was concerned with protocol criterion and test correlation. It demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of different criterion when all tests had the same performance. It also examined the impact of
increasing test correlation on protocol performance and the characteristics of the different criteria.Purpose:To examine the impact on protocol performance when individual tests in a protocol have different performance. This is evaluated for different criteria and test correlations.
The results of the two articles are combined and summarized.Research Design:A mathematical model is used to calculate protocol performance for different protocol criteria and test correlations when there are small to large variations in the performance of individual tests in the protocol.Results:The
performance of the individual tests that make up a protocol has a significant impact on the performance of the protocol. As expected, the better the performance of the individual tests, the better the performance of the protocol. Many of the characteristics of the different criteria are relatively
independent of the variation in the performance of the individual tests. However, increasing test variation degrades some criteria advantages and causes a new disadvantage to appear. This negative impact increases as test variation increases and as more tests are added to the protocol.Conclusions:Best
protocol performance is obtained when individual tests are uncorrelated and have the same performance. In general, the greater the variation in the performance of tests in the protocol, the more detrimental this variation is to protocol performance. Since this negative impact is increased
as more tests are added to the protocol, greater test variation indicates using fewer tests in the protocol.
Factors Influencing Individual Variation in Perceptual Directional Microphone Benefit
Authors: Keidser Gitte , Dillon Harvey , Convery Elizabeth , Mejia Jorge
Published: January 2014

Background:Large variations in perceptual directional microphone benefit, which far exceed the variation expected from physical performance measures of directional microphones, have been reported in the literature. The cause for the individual variation has not been systematically
investigated.Purpose:To determine the factors that are responsible for the individual variation in reported perceptual directional benefit.Research Design:A correlational study. Physical performance measures of the directional microphones obtained after they had been fitted to
individuals, cognitive abilities of individuals, and measurement errors were related to perceptual directional benefit scores.Study Sample:Fifty-nine hearing-impaired adults with varied degrees of hearing loss participated in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:All participants
were bilaterally fitted with a Motion behind-the-ear device (500 M, 501 SX, or 501 P) from Siemens according to the National Acoustic Laboratories' non-linear prescription, version two (NAL-NL2). Using the Bamford-Kowal-Bench (BKB) sentences, the perceptual directional benefit was obtained
as the difference in speech reception threshold measured in babble noise (SRTn) with the devices in directional (fixed hypercardioid) and in omnidirectional mode. The SRTn measurements were repeated three times with each microphone mode. Physical performance measures of the directional microphone
included the angle of the microphone ports to loudspeaker axis, the frequency range dominated by amplified sound, the in situ signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the in situ three-dimensional, articulation-index weighted directivity index (3D AI-DI). The cognitive tests included auditory selective
attention, speed of processing, and working memory. Intraparticipant variation on the repeated SRTn's and the interparticipant variation on the average SRTn were used to determine the effect of measurement error. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of other factors.Results:Measurement
errors explained 52% of the variation in perceptual directional microphone benefit (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34‐78%), while another 37% of variation was explained primarily by the physical performance of the directional microphones after they were fitted to individuals. The most
contributing factor was the in situ 3D AI-DI measured across the low frequencies.Conclusions:Repeated SRTn measurements are needed to obtain a reliable indication of the perceptual directional benefit in an individual. Further, to obtain optimum benefit from directional microphones,
the effectiveness of the microphones should be maximized across the low frequencies.
Reliability Measure of a Clinical Test: Appreciation of Music in Cochlear Implantees (AMICI)
Authors: Cheng Min-Yu , Spitzer Jaclyn B. , Shafiro Valeriy , Sheft Stanley , Mancuso Dean
Published: January 2014

Purpose:The goals of this study were (1) to investigate the reliability of a clinical music perception test, Appreciation of Music in Cochlear Implantees (AMICI), and (2) examine associations between the perception of music and speech. AMICI was developed as a clinical instrument
for assessing music perception in persons with cochlear implants (CIs). The test consists of four subtests: (1) music versus environmental noise discrimination, (2) musical instrument identification (closed-set), (3) musical style identification (closed-set), and (4) identification of musical
pieces (open-set). To be clinically useful, it is crucial for AMICI to demonstrate high test-retest reliability, so that CI users can be assessed and retested after changes in maps or programming strategies.Research Design:Thirteen CI subjects were tested with AMICI for the initial
visit and retested again 10‐14 days later. Two speech perception tests (consonant-nucleus-consonant [CNC] and Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech-in-Noise [BKB-SIN]) were also administered.Data Analysis:Test-retest reliability and equivalence of the test's three forms were analyzed using
paired t-tests and correlation coefficients, respectively. Correlation analysis was also conducted between results from the music and speech perception tests.Results:Results showed no significant difference between test and retest (p > 0.05) with adequate power (0.9)
as well as high correlations between the three forms (Forms A and B, r = 0.91; Forms A and C, r = 0.91; Forms B and C, r = 0.95). Correlation analysis showed high correlation between AMICI and BKB-SIN (r = −0.71), and moderate correlation between AMICI and
CNC (r = 0.4).Conclusions:The study showed AMICI is highly reliable for assessing musical perception in CI users.
Social networked game dynamics in web 2.0 language learning communities
Authors: Zourou Katerina , Lamy Marie-Noëlle
Published: January 2014

This paper critically examines the role of game dynamics facilitated by social networks, and their potential for language learning and peer support. The context of investigation is made up of four types of web 2.0 language learning communities. The design of game mechanics as incentives for digital activity across the community types is scrutinized in terms of the extent to which these mechanics support language learning, regarding learners' roles, expected behaviours and attitudes to language learning. We situate our analysis in the broader web 2.0 context and link it to the crowdsourcing trend (Howe, 2006) whereby, as two sides of the same coin, user engagement is fostered in an unrestricted and collaborative manner, and the latent talent of the crowd can then be exploited by commercial companies for no remuneration. Our findings show that game mechanics model user activity by following a sophisticated incentive-centred approach, not always made clear to users before entering these communities. The analysis clearly demonstrates that game mechanics are the driving force of overall online activity, targeting language learning although not exclusively, and that game mechanics may benefit language learning as well as the commercial interests of these communities supported by web 2.0 start-ups.
Radiografía de la urbe
Authors: Schlickers Sabine
Published: January 2014

En los últimos años, la segregación y la gentrificación han aumentado en muchas metrópolis. Enfocaré la configuración estética de Buenos Aires en el nuevo milenio en textos literarios narrativos de Carlos Gamerro, Daniel Guebel, Sergio Olguín, Pola Oloixarac, Claudia Piñeiro y Guillermo Saccomanno y en la película « El hombre de al lado ». En este recorrido literario por la metrópolis se destacan sitios topográficos recurrentes como Puerto Madero y los countries que son, en términos de Foucault, heterotopías de compensación, espacios nuevos presuntamente perfectos y bien ordenados, opuestos en todo a las carencias de la gran ciudad. La literatura destruye este idilio heterotópico sin piedad y ahonda en la violencia, en lo paradójico y ambiguo de lo urbano, invirtiendo las relaciones tópicas de « civilización y barbarie ».
Inés Aráoz, la tradición de la ruptura
Authors: Royo Amelia
Published: January 2014

Este artículo se ocupa particularmente de los puntos de contacto entre el primer poemario –La ecuación y la gracia (1971)-de Inés Aráoz, poetisa argentina contemporánea, y el último titulado Notas, bocetos y fotogramas (2011). Trabaja aspectos formales, la singularidad sintáctica, la relación entre las formas y las marcas autobiográficas. Consecuentemente se hipotetiza sobre una poética que articula tradición y vanguardia a la manera en que lo propone Octavio Paz cuando acuña el concepto “la tradición de la ruptura”.
De neuróticos urbanos modernos
Authors: Gunia Inke
Published: January 2014

« La expectativa : estar a la espera de algo. Vivir en la víspera. [...] Y después el descenso » – esta es la balanza triste de la vida de Jonathan, protagonista de la novela La expectativa del argentino Damián Tabarovsky (*1967). En los años de la hiperinflación, a finales de los 80, Jonathan, de la clase media bonaerense, alcanza alguna fortuna con la especulación monetaria hasta que con la crisis económica pierde todo, sus bienes materiales y su prestigio social en el barrio Villa del Parque. El lector le acompaña en esta situación de desarraigo vagando sin destino por las calles de Buenos Aires. Otra caída se narra en la novela autoficcional Autobiografía médica, cuyo protagonista, Dami, es sociólogo en una empresa consultora especializada en medios de comunicación. En el artículo se analizarán la relación entre la ciudad y sus dos protagonistas de quienes uno en su largo descenso va perdiendo la capacidad de percibirse como parte de su medio ambiente y el otro debe reconocer que su vida está « atrapada por el principio binario y radical de la repetición y la banalidad » y « escapaba […] de toda expectativa ». Para las dos historias Tabarovsky eligió situaciones narrativas muy particulares.
Golpeando las puertas del cielo
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: January 2014

En las últimas décadas, la mercantilización de la vida privada ha llevado a nuevos modelos de socialización. A partir del análisis de tres películas argentinas contemporáneas que toman a las urbanizaciones privadas y cerradas como locación para desarrollar sus historias (Cara de queso, Una semana solos y Las viudas de los jueves) nos aproximaremos a algunos de los problemas que este tipo de microsociedades traen consigo. De este modo, estos films antes que alzar una denuncia al mismo tiempo que exponen ciertos rasgos de la sociedad contemporánea, nos advierten sobre algunos de los efectos (o defectos) de este tipo de socialización.
Arquivos em ruínas, ruínas de arquivos
Authors: Floriani Petry Fernando
Published: January 2014

A alegoria da cidade nos fornece elementos suficientes para pensar diversas questões teóricas nas ciências humanas. Desde aspectos antropológicos, passando por constituições históricas de cidades e aglomerados urbanos, até propostas de se pensar estruturas urbanas através da ficção. Nesse artigo, pretendemos ler algumas correspondências entre as cidades literárias de Recife e Olinda, em João Cabral, Havana, em Antônio José Ponte e Clarisse em Ítalo Calvino com uma proposta de se pensar o estudo de arquivos de periódicos através de estratégias de sobrevivência apresentadas pelos autores.
Años 00, Argentina: el barrio protagoniza la novela
Authors: Locane Jorge
Published: January 2014

En el presente artículo se analiza una dominante en la literatura argentina de los años 00 que acentúa la importancia del barrio recreado en la ficción como lugar de empoderamiento subjetivo.
La realidad en añicos o La figuración literaria de Buenos Aires entre desrealización, virtualización e inversión
Authors: Hammerschmidt Claudia
Published: January 2014

El artículo analiza la desrealización de la ciudad en El aire de Sergio Chejfec, la virtualización de Buenos Aires en Las Islas de Carlos Gamerro y la inversión de la dicotomía tradicional de centro y periferia en Lanús de Sergio Olguín.
La ciudad-aleph: Angosta de Héctor Abad Faciolince
Authors: Toro Vera
Published: January 2014

Angosta se enfoca como novela urbana colombiana y con dimensiones utópicas, distópicas y alegóricas. Su ficcionalidad contrafáctica, las referencias al neoliberalismo global y políticas de exclusión se entretejen a través de una red intertextual.
La crisis de la identidad en el relato histórico
Authors: Abbate Florencia
Published: January 2014

Este artículo analiza La ocasión de Juan José Saer, centrándose en el modo en que se vincula con los paradigmas genéricos de la novela realista y de la novela histórica y en cómo, a su vez, transgrede las convenciones de dichos paradigmas. Para ello, se indagan las relaciones transtextuales que la novela establece con el tomo La prisionera de Proust, especialmente a partir del tratamiento de su tema principal : los celos. De allí se desprende la idea de una crisis de la identidad del sujeto, que luego se retoma al examinar La ocasión como posible representación de los orígenes de la patria y la identidad nacional argentina. En esa línea, se extraen conclusiones sobre su carácter pesimista e irónico y se la compara con figuraciones del mismo tema en Martínez Estrada y en Borges.
Mujeres de coto en Guadalajara, Jalisco
Authors: Camus Bergareche Manuela
Published: January 2014

El propósito de este texto es abordar cómo cobra sentido la lógica espacial de los condominios cerrados de clase media alta y alta acercándome a sus estilos-mundos de vida a través de las voces de las mujeres que residen en ellos. Aborda las implicaciones en las relaciones de género y en el ser mujer, el encuentro social que se está dando en estos espacios y cómo se negocian las distinciones y las fronteras entre los sectores de élite metropolitanos y, con ello, el tipo de sociedad que se está construyendo y las implicaciones políticas que tiene.
Uma morada no futuro do pretérito
Authors: Malloy Letícia , Pelinser André Tessaro
Published: January 2014

Este ensaio objetiva desenvolver considerações acerca do conto « El gaucho insufrible », de Roberto Bolaño, concentrando-se no diálogo entre este texto literário e os processos de construção cultural e histórica da figura gauchesca. O estudo procura problematizar as disjunções existentes entre o gaucho factual, isto é, o sujeito encontrado no plano da experiência, e seus pretensos correspondentes textuais, cuja legitimidade ou verossimilhança encontra assento na narrativa histórica, na narrativa literária e em outros suportes que participam do fomento às tradições e da constituição de referenciais identitários. A fim de analisar o percurso do protagonista de « El gaucho insufrible », que se desloca da cidade de Buenos Aires rumo aos pampas em razão de uma grave crise socioeconômica e política que se instaura na Argentina, o ensaio adota como ponto de partida as reflexões apresentadas por Adolfo Bioy Casares na obra Memoria sobre la pampa y los gauchos.
Los Angeles dans Mulholland Drive de David Lynch
Authors: Chilaud Florence , Delassalle Martin , Le Gallou Aude , Guinard Pauline
Published: January 2014

Los Angeles est connu pour être la ville du cinéma et l’archétype de la ville de la postmodernité qui, comme théorisé par l'Ecole de Los Angeles, est fragmentée à la fois socialement et spatialement. Face à ce double constat et à l'heure où le cinéma devient un objet d'étude à part entière de la géographie, tant culturelle qu’urbaine, il nous a semblé pertinent d'étudier Los Angeles au prisme d'une œuvre cinématographique. Mulholland Drive de David Lynch (2001) est particulièrement intéressant pour notre propos parce qu’en mobilisant un ensemble de références filmiques et spatiales du rêve hollywoodien, il donne à voir de façon postmoderne cette ville de la postmodernité : à travers les subjectivités de ses personnages, le réalisateur déconstruit le mythe pour montrer l'envers du décor. Par un jeu constant sur les lieux et la perte de repères, D. Lynch fait émerger un autre Los Angeles : loin du cadre idyllique et factice des studios, la ville apparaît comme insaisissable et invivable, en écho à la ville agonisante des théories postmodernes. Pourtant, la tension dynamique générée par les identités mouvantes des protagonistes, cette tension inhérente à la désorganisation spatiale de la ville et malgré tout unificatrice, fait encore tenir Los Angeles.
El otro yo: la identidad lingüística argentina como conflicto
Authors: López García María
Published: January 2014

El artículo analiza una encuesta lingüística tomada en el Río de la Plata para indagar en las representaciones de la identidad lingüística y los modos en que la inmigración y la circulación de las lenguas en la metrópoli constituyen esa identidad.
Ville, migration et identité dans le roman d’Adolfo Cárdenas : « Periférica Blvd. »
Authors: Escobar Livia
Published: January 2014

La Paz est la ville la plus peuplée de Bolivie d’après le recensement de 2012. Elle possède actuellement 2.706.351 habitants dont presque la moitié habite à El Alto. Cet ancien quartier est devenu une ville en 1985, grâce à l’énorme vague migratoire des mineurs licenciés. La composition de sa population, constituée en majorité de mineurs et d’indigènes aymaras, fait de cet endroit le plus démuni qui soit. C’est pourquoi la ville d’El Alto, malgré son indépendance juridique, demeure rattachée à la capitale. Le roman policier d’Adolfo Cárdenas Franco a comme scénario l’avenue qui rejoint El Alto au quartier de Villa Fátima au nord-est de la ville. Les deux extrémités de l’avenue Periférica sont des villas miseria où l’on trouve les personnages les plus grotesques, affreux, avilis et pitoyables. Ce sont aussi les endroits où le mélange des cultures se fait plus intensément à cause des origines des gens. C’est dans cette rencontre de cultures et de langues que l’écrivain puise sa créativité en essayant de transcrire par le langage et la narration la réalité de la périphérie.
Sauvage civilité ou civilité sauvage
Authors: Gomes André Luís
Published: January 2014

Dans Qu’il était bon mon petit Français, film sorti en 1970, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, à partir d’une vision historique coloniale, se base pour son script sur le journal de Hans Staden, mais le recrée en un récit satirique qui se situe entre le documentaire et la fiction. Ce qui nous intéresse, dans cet article, est d’identifier la manière dont le film, à travers les images et le récit lui-même, propose différentes approches de penser les coutumes indigènes, en tenant compte non seulement de la pratique cannibale des Tupinambas, mais aussi de la capacité d’interaction et de coexistence des groupes indigènes avec les « étrangers », le Français et le Portugais. À cet égard, nous aurons recours, de façon panoramique, à des textes littéraires et picturaux pour analyser les développements de la thématique indigéniste dans le but de vérifier la manière dont ils se présentent dans le film Qu’il était bon mon petit Français et réduire le champ d’analyse, pour mettre en valeur, dans une scène spécifique, les procédés ludiques, métaphoriques et théâtraux pour représenter l’assimilation mutuelle de la culture indigène et européenne ainsi que la manière dont l’idée de sauvagerie et de citoyenneté sont (re)construites.
Front-stage/back-stage: segundas vidas en la dimensión social del espacio de la ciudad neoliberal
Authors: Bergero Adriana J.
Published: January 2014

Based on the Argentine novel El oido absoluto (Marcelo Cohen 1989) and the film Buenos Aires viceversa (Alejandro Agresti, 1996) this study analyzes in Buenos Aires a pivotal historical turning point for the understanding of the new urban geographies of globalization from the ‘90s. It examines how, in the social dimension of space, their mono-funtionality coexists with the complex dynamics (gestalts) of the organic/grotesque city and its diverse and poli-centered subject. It also analyzes the social praxis generated by both urban typologies as well as the identitary models induced by them.
L'espace de l'exil dans La sombra del jardín de Cristina Siscar
Authors: Guy Orianne
Published: January 2014

Cet article a pour objectif d’établir une analyse du rapport que le personnage principal de La sombra del jardín, de Cristina Siscar, entretient avec l'espace. Il nous semble pertinent de nous arrêter sur cette problématique car l'exil a une place centrale dans le roman. Or, la perte des repères spatiaux entraîne une réappropriation du nouvel espace dans lequel l'individu exilé est contraint d'évoluer. Nous proposons donc d'observer les stratégies narratives employées par l'écrivaine argentine pour représenter la réalité de l'éloignement forcé.
Being Mexican: Identity, Location, and Rosa Nissán (I)
Authors: Eli Gardner Nathanial
Published: January 2014

Mexican writer Rosa Nissán launched her literary career with two autobiographical novels, Novia que te vea and Hisho que te nazca. Her texts foreground the search for identity and belonging of the protagonist Oshinica, the daughter of Jewish immigrants in Mexico City. This study is the first of four that, together, make up the book Being Mexican : Identity, Location, and Rosa Nissán. Over the course of these four instalments questions about notions of being, hybrid identity, marginalization, narrative (visual and written), and changing spaces are considered from the vantage point of Nissán’s novels. Just as this publishing method (in instalments) for this book-length narrative is an innovation rescued from the past which has been put to use to affront new challenges, Nissán’s narratives attempt to bridge past and present to negotiate a viable vision of the future.