bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Determinan Penggunaan Rokok Elektronik Pada Anak Sekolah di Kota Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Yuningrum Hesti , Trisnowati Heni
Published: August 2024

Jumlah perokok anak di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Prevalensi perokok  anak yang berusia 10-18 tahun meningkat dari 7,2% pada tahun 2013 menjadi 9,1% pada tahun 2018. Hasil survei (Global Adult Tobacco Survey – GATS) juga menunjukkan adanya kenaikan prevalensi perokok elektronik hingga 10 kali lipat, dari 0.3% (2011) menjadi 3% (2021). Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menjadi provinsi tertinggi di Indonesia dengan pengguna rokok elektronik yaitu sebesar 7,4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor penentu penggunaan rokok elektronik pada anak sekolah di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan design cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel melalui proportional stratified random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 582 orang  dari 3 SMP Negeri dan 4 SMP Swasta. Variabel penelitian meliputi faktor demografi, tingkat pengetahuan, ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan rokok, kondisi lingkungan sosial, dan pola penggunaan rokok elektronik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis secara univariat untuk memperoleh gambaran distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 44,5% responden laki-laki dan 55,5% responden perempuan. Nilai rapor responden di atas 8 sebanyak 54,2%, sebagian besar (58,2%) responden tinggal bersama orang tua dan memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 89,3%. Sebagian besar (59,5%) anggota keluarga merokok, dan responden yang memiliki teman dekat perokok lebih dari 4 orang sebanyak 17%. Rokok dijual di sekitar sekolah sebanyak 55%, responden menyatakan harga rokok elektronik mahal sebanyak 54,1%. Pola penggunaan rokok elektronik terdiri dari hanya menggunakan rokok elektronik 4,5%; menggunakan rokok elektronik dan konvensional 5,2%; tidak menggunakan rokok elektronik 90,4%. Kesimpulannya sebagian besar responden tinggal bersama orang tua perokok dan anggota keluarga perokok, selain itu rokok mudah diakses oleh responden karena banyak dijual disekitar sekolah. Kebijakan pengendalian tembakau perlu digalakkan, seperti menaikkan harga rokok, kegiatan promosi kesehatan, dan regulasi peredaran rokok elektronik.
Modal Sosial dan Pemberdayaan Remaja dalam Pengendalian Perilaku Merokok: Naskah Konseptual
Authors: Trisnowati Heni , Supriyati Supriyati
Published: August 2024

Latar belakang: Modal sosial terbukti berkorelasi positif dengan status kesehatan, dan berkontribusi dalam keberhasilan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Modal sosial merupakan mediator penting yang mempengaruhi pemberdayaan remaja. Reviu ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis secara komprehensif literatur yang berkaitan dengan modal sosial dan pemberdayaan remaja, khususnya dalam pengendalian perilaku merokok.Metode: Reviu dilakukan dengan cara mencari literatur berupa jurnal dan buku elektronik dari data base online jaringan UGM yaitu ebsco host, science direct, proquest, dan emerald pada periode tahun 2000-2020. Kata kunci meliputi : modal sosial, youth empowerment, tobacco control, dan smoking behavior. Ekstrak data dilakukan secara konsensus oleh tim peneliti. Hasil reviu secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan konsesus yang diperoleh disintesis secara naratif.Hasil:Perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku individu yang lebih banyak dipengaruhi faktor sosial. Modal sosial berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan mobilitas sosial pemuda. Beberapa faktor modal sosial mempunyai peran yang besar dalam perilaku merokok remaja yaitu informasi, orientasi, dan modeling. Partisipasi remaja merupakan indikator utama pemberdayaan, yang pada umumnya dilakukan secara kolektif. Output pemberdayaan remaja meliputi intensi untuk terlibat, nilai-nilai dan perilaku sehat, pengalaman positif dan kontrol masyarakat serta budaya hidup sehatKesimpulan: Modal sosial remaja yang berupa tanggungjawab sosial, mendorong remaja untuk berpartisipasi secara kolektif pada program pengendalian perilaku merokok.
Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Wilayah : Studi Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Sugiyana Laely Ufiz Tsani , Hariyono Widodo , Handayani Lina
Published: August 2024

Bencana alam seringkali tidak dapat dihindari dan menyebabkan banyaknya korban. Dalam menangani bencana, perspektif lama lebih mengarah pada tindakan responsif. Namun, perspektif ini sekarang diubah menjadi tindakan pencegahan atau meminimalkan risiko sehingga risiko dapat dikurangi. Memupuk ketahanan masyarakat terhadap kegiatan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas (PRBBK) adalah salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini untuk menjelaskan keefektifan PRBBK dalam meningkatkan ketahanan wilayah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA. SINTA, Pubmed, dan Scopus adalah database yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan literatur. Dari 247 artikel diperoleh 6 artikel yang dianalisis oleh peneliti setelah proses penyaringan yang tepat dan cermat. Indikator penilaian keefektifan PRBBK terhadap ketahanan wilayah yang digunakan yaitu aspek pengetahuan bencana, pencegahan bencana, pengurangan risiko bencana, dokumen pencegahan bencana desa/wilayah, dan pelaksanaan pengurangan risiko bencana. Hasil analisis dari 6 artikel terpilih, 5 diantaranya menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan risiko bencana berbasis komunitas cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan ketangguhan wilayah, namun dalam 1 artikel menunjukkan bahwa PRBBK masih belum dapat menunjukkan keefektifan dalam meningkatkan ketahanan wilayah dikarenakan terdapat berbagai kendala. Pengurangan risiko bencana berbasis komunitas dapat berjalan efektif namun harus dilakukan secara sinergi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat, kesadaran pada setiap komponen dalam mendukung program PRBBK, dan peran dari pemangku kepentingan sehingga pengetahuan bencana, penanggulangan bencana, pengurangan risiko bencana, dokumen pencegahan bencana desa/wilayah, dan Pelaksanaan pengurangan risiko bencana dapat tercapai untuk menciptakan ketahanan wilayah yang kuat.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBELIAN PUPUK BERSUBSIDI (STUDI KASUS PETANI PADI DI DESA O MANGUNHARJO)
Authors: Primalasari Ira , Syabawaihi
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the purchase of subsidized fertilizer by rice farmers in Purwodadi District, Musi Rawas Regency. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes the characteristics of rice farmer households. Secondary data was obtained from various sources related to factors influencing the purchase of subsidized fertilizer. This research data collection technique uses observation techniques, interviews and library methods. The sample determination in this research was carried out using non-probability sampling techniques. Data analysis used in this research used quantitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that of the seven research variables, the information factor has a significant influence on the purchase of subsidized fertilizer with a significance value of 0.000 ≤ α = 0.05. Meanwhile, the six factors, namely age, education, experience, land area, income and price, do not have a significant effect on purchasing subsidized fertilizer.
 
Key words: farmer; purchase; subsidized fertilizer
PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Yunita Dea Agnes , Umbu Kaleka Marten , Alfonsa Ngaku Maria
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui konsep pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan dan peran penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi pustaka. dengan cara membaca, mendalami dan menelaah berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan objek yang diteliti dan kemudian menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Konsep pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan merupakan turunan dari 17 tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan / Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs atau Global Goals) yang merupakan agenda pembangunan dunia yang telah disepakati oleh negara-negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Penerapan konsep pertanian berkelanjutan memiliki hubungan erat dengan tujuan SDGs nomor 13, 14 dan 15 yaitu penanganan perubahan iklim, pengelolaan ekosistem laut dan pengelolaan daratan yang berkelanjutan. Penerapakan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan berfokus pada bagaimana mengusahakan sektor pertanian dengan megurangi kerusakan lingkungan, mempertahankan produktivitas pertanian, meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan meningkatkan stabilitas dan kualitas kehidupan masyarakat. Penyuluh memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia ini. Penyuluh dapat dikatakan sebagai penentu dalam keberhasilan program pemerintah jika di kelolah dengan baik. Peran penyuluh dalam membangun pertanian berkelanjutan adalah sebagai edukator, motivator, komunikator, organisator, fasilitator, dinamisator, dan inovator dengan selalu mengedepankan peningkatan kinerja penyuluh semakin meningkat.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Robot Tanam Berbasis Smart Farming Pada Budidaya Tanamam Kedelai Di Kelurahan Tadokkong Kecamatan Lembangkabupaten Pinrang
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani , Riska Riska , Ambar Abdul Azis
Published: August 2024

Pertanian yang menggunakan alat robot tanam dalam pembudidayaan tanaman kedelai adalah suatu alternatif untuk petani kedelai dalam memilih alat tanam modern yang cocok sesuai lahan merupahkan harapan para petani kedelai. Dengan berkembangnya alat robot tanam ini membuat para petani terkhususnya petani kedelai dalam skala besar maupun kecil lebih mudah dan efisien biaya penanamannya salah satunya robot tanam ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Penggunaan Alat Robot Tanam Berbasis Smart Farming pada Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai terhadap petani kedelai di Kelurahan Tadokkong Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Pinrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, kuisioner. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) luas lahan berpengaruh nyata pada efektivitas penggunaan alat robot tanam (2) umur penggunaan alat robot tanam tidak perbengaruh positif atau nyata pada efektivitas penggunaan alat robot tanam (3) tenaga kerja sangat berpengaruh positif dan nyata pada efektivitas penggunaan alat robot tanam (4) jumlah pemakaian benih juga berpengaruh nyata pada efektivitas penggunaan alat robot tanam.
Kajian Pemasaran Dan Farmer`S Share Karet Alam Rakyat Di Kecamatan Talang Empat Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Feriady Anton , Mutmainnah Elni , Yawahar Jon
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to determine marketing channels and analyze farmer's share of natural rubber in Talang Empat District, Central Bengkulu Regency. The research location was chosen deliberately in Talang Empat District to obtain a representative picture of rubber marketing practices in the area. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula for farmers and the snowball sampling method for trader collectors. The research results show that there are three main marketing channels for smallholder natural rubber in Talang Empat District: The first channel consists of Farmers - Village Collecting Traders - District Collecting Traders - Wholesalers - Factories. The second channel consists of Farmers – Village Collectors – Wholesalers – Factories and the third channel consists of Farmers – District Collectors – Wholesalers – Factories. The marketing pattern of community rubber in Talang Empat District, if seen from the operational approach including margin, farmer's share and profit and cost ratio, means that the second channel is relatively more efficient compared to other channels. 
 Keywords: marketing, people's natural rubber, farmer's share
Analisis Komparatif Penentuan Komoditas Hortikultura Pada Lahan Rawa Dataran Rendah Di Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Utan Sahiro Ritonga  , Muhammad Andri Zuliansyah  , Merna Ayu Sulastri
Published: August 2024

Achieving optimal commodity diversification returns requires reference to the most profitable commodity types. Not all types of annual crops are suitable for development. Lebak swamp land is one of the lands that can be utilised for the development of horticultural commodities. The amount of authority in implementing regional policies has both positive and negative impacts on agricultural development. Most local regulations are made with the aim of increasing local government revenues. With planning, an estimate (forecasting) is made of the potential, prospects, obstacles and risks faced. The aim is to provide an opportunity to select the best alternatives and choose the best combination. Location Quotient (LQ) analysis is used to determine comparatively base or non-base activities in an area. Based on the results of the LQ analysis in Banyuasin Regency, it is known that long beans are the base in 11 sub-districts followed by chillies as the base commodity in 9 sub-districts, watermelon is the base in 8 sub-districts, and eggplant is the base in 7 sub-districts. Curly Chillies and Cucumbers are the base in 5 sub-districts followed by Tomatoes which are the base of horticultural production in 4 sub-districts in Banyuasin Regency. The development of horticultural commodities needs to consider chilli as a priority commodity to review Banyuasin Regency is one of the areas included in the Save the Swamp to Improve the Farmers (SERASI) programme in South Sumatra. The development of horticultural commodities in Banyuasin Regency must be supported through capital formation, new innovations, research and development, and improvement of human resources and infrastructure.
O açude Pataxó na percepção de alunos de uma escola pública do município de Ipanguaçú (RN)
Authors: Alves Gilca Costa , Guedes Josiel De Alencar
Published: August 2024

A hidrografia é um ramo da Geografia Física que estuda a distribuição da água do planeta Terra nas diferentes escalas local e global. A pesquisa aborda a escala local por meio dos resultados de uma oficina pedagógica desenvolvida a partir das vivências dos estudantes de uma escola pública municipal, durante uma aula de campo ao açude público Pataxó, localizado na comunidade Pataxó (Ipanguaçu/RN). O objetivo foi analisar a percepção de alunos do 7º ano do ensino fundamental sobre o açude Pataxó e sua importância para o ensino de Geografia. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa teve como procedimento metodológico, a análise bibliográfica sobre a hidrografia no ensino de Geografia, abordada mediante um recorte da hidrografia municipal com base no açude público comunitário por meio das diferentes discrições dos alunos, com a aplicação de questionários para coletar dados primários e a partir das questões norteadoras, a confecção de mapas mentais participativos. Nesse sentido, o estudo usou o recorte do açude a partir da análise dos aspectos físicos e sociais do entorno, visando assim relacionar os conhecimentos da turma com perguntas diagnósticas prévias em uma aula referente a hidrografia do município e como resultado foram elaborados mapas mentais que mostraram como os alunos percebem o reservatório.
A EVOLUÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO MODERNA: DAS RAÍZES ILUMINISTAS ÀS PRÁTICAS INCLUSIVAS
Authors: Schütz Jenerton Arlan , Silva Junior Edinaldo Enoque da , Araújo Danilo , Araújo Keila da Silva Paiva , Nicoletti Lidiane Paula , Leal Luciane do Rossio , Trindade Renata Acosta , Miranda Rosalva , Pinheiro Simone de Avila , Urbano Tânia Maria , Oliveira Valdirene Agustinha dos Reis
Published: August 2024

Este artigo investiga a evolução da educação moderna desde suas origens iluministas até os desafios e avanços em direção à educação inclusiva no século XXI. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo é a pesquisa bibliográfica, que envolveu a análise crítica de uma ampla gama de fontes acadêmicas e literárias relevantes para o tópico em questão. Inicialmente, examina-se como as ideias do Iluminismo influenciaram os princípios educacionais que moldaram a educação moderna, destacando a valorização da razão, a busca pelo conhecimento e a ênfase na igualdade. Em seguida, são explorados os movimentos educacionais dos séculos XIX e XX, incluindo o surgimento da educação pública e as mudanças nos métodos pedagógicos, bem como os desafios enfrentados, como a desigualdade de acesso. A análise culmina com a jornada rumo à educação inclusiva, abordando questões relacionadas à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência e outros grupos marginalizados, destacando o progresso alcançado e os desafios persistentes. Além disso, a promoção da educação inclusiva é vista como uma responsabilidade compartilhada por toda a sociedade, exigindo políticas e práticas educacionais mais inclusivas, investimento em recursos e apoio a alunos e educadores e a promoção de uma cultura de inclusão.
Clinical Morphological Diversity of Cutaneous Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Grecia Chávez-Chavira , Hernandez Luis Enrique David- , Cedeño Laura Patricia Camacho
Published: August 2024

In women, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer diagnosed; and breast cancer is the most common malignancy to metastasize to skin, comprising 30% of all cases of cutaneous metastases Skin metastases result from skin infiltration due to cell proliferation from the initial tumor; The incidence of cutaneous metastases varies from 0.6 to 10.4% and can occur at any stage in the natural history of the disease. To date, a wide spectrum of cutaneous presentations have been described. We present our experience with the morphological patterns observed in our service during the last year.
Analyzing and Measuring the Impact of Financial Policy on Bank Credit in Iraq
Authors: Hamad Sura Shaker , Moner Prof. Assis. Dr. Amer Same
Published: August 2024

This study dealt with the basics of government spending, public revenues, and public loans as indicators of financial policy and bank credit, in addition to explaining the relationship between these variables in Iraq for the period (2005-2021), by analyzing the reality of the study variables economically and analogically, the descriptive approach was used in analyzing Data for financial policy indicators and bank credit, where bank credit (BC) was analyzed as a dependent variable, and public spending (GS), public revenues (GR) and public loans (GL) were analyzed as independent variables, and according to the Dickey-Fuller test (ADF), it was found that the degree of integration of the study variables is A mixture of type (0)I and type (1)I, and thus the model was estimated according to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, thus, the model was estimated according to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, and according to the bounds test for co-integration, it was revealed that there was a co-integration relationship for the model, and the estimated model was successful in all standard goodness tests (autocorrelation, heterogeneity of variance, normal distribution of residuals), in addition to that it was Stable according to the CUSUM and CUSUM SQ tests. The most important results of the study were that the relationship of both public revenues and public loans in the two terms to bank credit was positive, but the relationship of government spending in the two terms was inverse, and that all of these relationships were significant. The credit provided to the public sector witnessed a continuous increase throughout the study period, while the percentage of credit provided to the government was increasing at the expense of a continuous decrease in the percentage of credit provided to public institutions, the percentage of credit provided to the public sector witnessed a decline compared to the increase in the percentage of credit provided to the public sector out of total credit. Cash, both public revenues and government spending in Iraq were negatively affected by the financial, security and health crises, but bank credit was positively affected by the same crises. The study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which was: Iraq should work to diversify its sources of income and reduce its dependence on crude oil and its revenues in forming its public revenues and public spending, which fluctuate with the fluctuation of global oil prices, increasing with its rise and decreasing with its fall, Iraq must work to increase the proportion of investment spending to Total government spending, Iraq must also work to reduce dependence on its oil revenues and work to increase the ratio of non-oil revenues to total public
The Contribution of Islamic Banking to Economic Growth the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries with the CAMELS Approach
Authors: Nugroho Raggil Ridho Triwi Diyanto , Kartika Metasari , Yacoub Yarlina
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of Islamic banking to economic growth by analyzing the influence of Islamic banking performance on economic growth using the CAMELS method. A quantitative approach is employed in this research with secondary data in the form of panel data. Data sources are obtained from the publications of the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and the World Bank, using a sample comprising 6 countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) with a time range from 2013 to 2022. The results of the testing demonstrate that the variables CAR, ROA, NPF, and MAN do not significantly affect economic growth, while LIQ and SEN have a positive effect. However, simultaneously, CAR, MAN, NPF, ROA, LIQ, and SEN collectively influence economic growth.
Chemical and Functional Properties of Tortilla Produced from Rice Flour for Shawarma Production
Authors: Nwosu Adaora Ngozi , Emojorho Ernest Eguono , Onuoha Love Nchekwube , Okpalanma Felix Emeka , Eguvbe Mamuro Peter , Ogbodogbo Ezekiel Owurie
Published: August 2024

The intent of this study was to assess the quality of rice flour tortillas used in shawarma preparation. Rice flour was dry milled from paddy rice, and four samples were created by varying the amount of rice flour with xanthan gum (RS0 = 100% rice flour, RS1 = 80% rice flour + 0.8% xanthan gum, RS2 = 60% rice flour + 0.6% xanthan gum, and RS3 = 40% rice flour + 0.4% xanthan gum). The functional properties of rice and wheat flours were also determined. The materials were tested for their proximate composition. The results showed that wheat flour had much better water absorption, oil absorption, and swelling capabilities, but rice flour had increased bulk density. The proximate composition results showed 2.43 to 2.85% ash, 1.00 % to 1.45 % fat, 7.82 to 9.50 crude protein and 0.93 to 78.94% crude fiber. The results likewise showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the proximate composition of the tortilla samples. However, the inclusion of xanthan gum decreased moisture and carbohydrate levels.
Establishing the Basis for Organizational Success through Effective Leadership
Authors: Anyanugo Magnus Obinna , Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Okuru Charity Lucky
Published: August 2024

Effective leadership is crucial for establishing the foundation of organizational success. Leaders play a pivotal role in guiding, inspiring, and motivating their teams towards achieving common goals. Effective leaders possess a diverse set of qualities such as strong communication skills, emotional intelligence, adaptability, decisiveness, and the ability to empower and develop their team members. Leadership directly impacts various aspects of organizational success including employee engagement, productivity, innovation, and overall performance. A strong leader can create a positive work culture that fosters collaboration and growth. Organizations can invest in leadership development programs, mentorship opportunities, feedback mechanisms, and continuous learning to nurture and enhance the leadership skills within their workforce. Challenges in developing effective leadership include resistance to change, lack of alignment between leadership styles and organizational culture, and the need for ongoing evaluation and adaptation of leadership strategies. In conclusion, effective leadership serves as the cornerstone for organizational success. By cultivating strong leaders who embody key qualities and continuously strive for improvement, organizations can build a solid foundation for sustainable growth and achievement.
Theoretical Issues of Training Pedagogical Competency for Students Majoring in Primary Education at Universities to Meet Output Standards
Authors: Lam TuyetBach Thi
Published: August 2024

Training pedagogical competency for students is an important activity, a specific feature of vocational training in the training program, distinguishing teacher training from training in other majors. The purpose of training pedagogical competency activities is to form competency, theoretical and practical competencies for pedagogical students - future teachers. For students majoring in primary education, vocational training is even more important because, in the future, these are the teachers who will participate in the process of educating young children. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the content, skills, and methods in the process of pedagogical competency training for students majoring in primary education from a theoretical perspective. Because this is the basis for universities to design appropriate content and training programs. Based on researching domestic and foreign documents; Vietnam’s legal documents; this study focuses on analysis, comparison, and evaluation to clarify the following contents: (i) Training objectives; (ii) Content of the training program; (iii) Methods and forms of training organization; (iv) Training force, cooperation between universities and primary schools; (v) Evaluate training results against output standards; (vi) Conditions and facilities for training. Clarifying theoretical issues helps universities have a basis for applying them to their future training process.
Distribution Patterns of Morphologies of Colorectal Carcinoma: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jahan Dr. Dilshad , Afroze Dr. Nazma , Mukit Dr. Abdullah Al , Mahmood Dr. Tarim
Published: August 2024

Background: Colorectal malignancies are one of the commonest cancers throughout the world which is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Several lifestyle factors contribute to the development of this cancer such as a high intake of processed meats and low intake of fruits and vegetables, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in BIRDEM General Hospital in Dhaka in the Department of Pathology with 109 resected colectomy specimens during the period of March 2020 to February 2022. Relevant findings were recorded and analyzed for determining the morphological characteristics based on histopathological types, grading and staging of the malignancy. Results: Maximum patients belonged to 51-60 years of age; were males, hailing from urban regions and found to indulge in smoking. Per rectal bleeding, alteration of bowel habits and abdominal pain were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms. The commonest areas of occurrence of the tumors were rectum, recto-sigmoid junction and caecum. Out of all the 109 cases, 48, 45 and 16 belonged to non-mucinous, mucinous and signet-ring types as per histological classification respectively. Among these, 39 of non-mucinous and 24 of mucinous types belonged to Dukes’ B staging whereas 11 of the signet-ring variants fell in Dukes’ C stage. Regarding grading, maximum patients, meaning 68 out of 109, belonged to Grade II. After performing Fisher’s exact test, associations between staging and grading, grading and types and types and grading were found statistically significant. Conclusion: Colon and rectal mucin-secreting and signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas are high grade cancers that usually show up at an advanced stage.
Study of the Galectin-3 as a Biomarker for Assessment of Asthma
Authors: AL-Bazoon Anfal Adnan K. , AL-Bazoon Elaf Adnan K. , AL-Bazoon Safa Adnan K. , AL-Kareem Athraa Abid , Najm Sattar Jabbar
Published: August 2024

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that causes reversible obstruction in the airways leading to hard breath and difficulty in the doing of the daily activities. It’s multifactorial disorder effected by many biomarkers, one of this biomarkers is Gal -3. The present study aims to assessment of Galectin-3 as new biomarker and its role on developing of the asthma. In this research, a comparison was made between a group of asthmatic patients and a control group, with a total of fifty individuals in each category. Among the asthmatic patients, fifty appeared to be in good health, and their conditions were confirmed through consultations with specialists at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla, Iraq. Upon examining the data, it was found that the serum Gal-3 levels in asthmatic patients were notably lower than those in the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that individuals with severe asthma had even lower levels of Gal-3 compared to those with mild asthma.
Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters in Women Suffer from Systemic Lupus Erythmatosis
Authors: Jumaah Dhelal A. , A Kassim, M.
Published: August 2024

A rise in the number of women suffering from SLE has been noted by researchers. The research comprised 70 patients and thirty healthy normals. They were between the ages of fifteen and fifty-three; the sample was gathered from different clinics in Iraq. The Blood samples were taken for serum isolation. The serumis used for evaluation of serum glucose level, triglyceride level, cholesterol level, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea nitrogen level, uric acid. The results showed that AST and ALT were increased significantly in SLE patients. cholesterol and triglycerides have increased significantly, according to biochemical tests. Serum glucose, urea nitrogen, and uric acid levels changed by a negligible amount. In conclusion, SLE has an effect on liver functions and lipid profile while it doesn’t affect Kidney functions and fasting glucose levels.
Ranavirus and Its Impact on the Amphibian Population
Authors: Garcês Andreia , Pires Isabel
Published: August 2024

Mass mortality of amphibians has occurred globally since at least the early 1990s from viral pathogens that are members of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. This disease has a wide host range and with the movement of ranavirus-infected animals in commerce, ranaviruses have become an increasing threat to captive and wild populations, especially amphibians. The clinical signs of amphibians include haemorrhaging, lethargy, swelling, and ulcerative skin lesions. The virus is highly contagious, spreading through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated environments, such as water bodies. Environmental factors, including temperature and pollution, can influence the severity and spread of ranavirus infections. The ecological impact of ranavirus is profound, as it threatens biodiversity and disrupts ecosystems. Consequently, understanding the epidemiology, pathology, and control measures for ranavirus is critical for conserving amphibian populations. Current research efforts are focused on developing effective strategies for monitoring, managing, and mitigating the impacts of this pathogen on amphibian communities. This review presents distribution, hosts, and epidemiology to better understand this disease.
Challenges in Managing an Edentulous Down Syndrome Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Tayari Oumaima , Berchèche Nawel , Snène Selma , Mahfoudhi AlaEddine , Jaouadi Jamila
Published: August 2024

Patients with Down Syndrome (DS) are caring, affectionate, and quite social. However, the prosthetic management of edentulous patients with DS depends on the level of their disability, developmental delay and neurobehavioral problems. Muscle hypotonia can affect patient gestures and handling of their prostheses. In addition, intraoral manifestations need to be taken into consideration when designing removable complete dentures, such as macroglossia and maxillo-mandibular sagittal and transverse skeletal misalignment. Dentist is asked to be consistent and to establish a gradual and an atraumatic approach based on the cooperation of the patient and his or her parents, and on the importance of follow ups in the integration of removable prostheses to improve the quality of life and the oral health of these individuals. This article presents the prosthetic treatment of an edentulous 29-year-old female patient with DS and a moderate intellectual disability.
Impact of the Treatment-Free Interval on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Early-Stage Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Faika Dr. Mst. Jakanta , Ara Dr. Rowson , Begum Dr. Monowara , Sultana Dr. Zakia , Naher Dr. Syfun , Sultana Dr. Fahmida , Akhter Dr. Naznine , Akter Dr. Sharmin , Tasnim Dr. Tarana , Nesa Dr. Tahurun
Published: August 2024

Background: Although the incidence of ovarian cancer is less than that of other female cancers, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease course is high. Because treatment involves radical surgery and intense courses of chemotherapy, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is often compromised. Most patients recur post-first-line therapy and undergo multiple rounds of chemotherapy. Thus, HRQOL is further disrupted. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess impact of the treatment-free interval on health-related quality of life in patients with early-stage serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. A total 38 women with histopathologically confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their mutation status; patients with BRCA mutation were Exposed Group and those without BRCA mutation as Unexposed Group. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, maximum study subjects 26 (68.4%) were in >45 years age group and 12 (31.6%) were in ≤45 years age group. Mean age of the study subjects was 52.43±4.22 years and majority of the patients 29 (76.3%) were literate and 9 (23.7%) were illiterate. About 25 (65.8%) respondents had family history of breast / ovarian cancer and 11 (28.9%) had no family history of breast / ovarian cancer. Majority 20 (52.6%) respondents underwent Primary Debulking Surgery as primary treatment modality, whereas 18 (47.4%) did not receive Primary Debulking Surgery and majority respondents 21 (55.3%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery, whereas 19 (44.7%) ..........
Effects of Red, Green and Black Pepper on Intestinal Motility and Post-Prandial Bicarbonate Concentration in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Charles Christian , Obia Onyebuchi , Emmanuel Furo Dawari , Ogba Azubuike , Ojeka Sunday Ogbu
Published: August 2024

Pepper is one of the most commonly used spices in most food cultures because of its many dietary and medicinal uses. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of different varieties of pepper on intestinal motility and post-prandial serum bicarbonate concentration in guinea pigs. The study was carried out using 50 adult guinea pigs weighing 800-1000g, separated into groups of 5 each including group 1 which served as control. The experimental groups received respectively black, green and red pepper extracts in concentrations of 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 75mg/kg. For each experimental group, pepper was administered together with a mixture of Evans blue dye and Arabic gum and allowed for one hour. Each animal was thereafter, anesthetized and the intestines dissected out. For each animal, the total length of the intestine as well as the distance travelled by the test meal from the pyloric sphincter were measured and recorded. Intestinal transit was expressed as the percentage of the distance travelled by the test meal to the total length of the intestine. Concomitantly, blood samples were collected to determine the post-prandial bicarbonate concentration. The result showed that all three varieties of pepper caused significant rise in percentage intestinal transit (in 1hr) and by implication reduction in the intestinal transit time. However, a significant dose-dependent effect was observed in the groups receiving black and green pepper respectively but not in the red category. This suggests an inverse relationship between the concentrations of black and green pepper with the intestinal transit time. Pepper did not cause any significant change in the plasma post-prandial bicarbonate concentrations. Conclusively, the results suggest that black, green and red pepper respectively increased intestinal motility without possibly causing any significant effect on gastric acid secretion.
Face Recognition Attendance Management System using LBPH and Haar Cascade
Authors: Beri Nuety , Srivastava Vishal , Malik Nikita
Published: August 2024

This research presents the implementation and design of a facial recognition attendance management system by using Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) and Haar Cascade machine learning algorithms. This system aims to automate the attendance process, providing an efficient and accurate alternative to traditional methods. The Haar Cascade algorithm is employed for face detection due to its rapid processing and high detection rate, while the LBPH algorithm is utilized for face recognition because it is simple and effective in handling changes in facial expressions, lighting, occlusions, distance from the camera, and camera resolution. The integration of these algorithms results in a robust system capable of real-time attendance tracking. Experimental results demonstrate the system's high accuracy and reliability in face detection and recognition under different conditions of lighting, distance from the camera, face expressions, occlusions, and camera resolution, making it suitable for deployment in educational institutions and corporate environments.
Introdução alimentar precoce e o desenvolvimento de obesidade infantil: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Oliveira Melo Gláucia Jaccoud de , Ferreira Souza Rebeca , Portilho Carvalho Ana Laura , Melo Pontes Henrique , Reis Kubelke Lucas , Martins Cabreado Laura , Fernandes Nascimento Gabriela , Rodrigues Oliveira Luiza , Rodrigues Reis Carvalho Vitória , Lima Nunes Vinicius , Sabino Medeiros Julya , Lando Nunes Alexandre , Cardoso Navarro Isabela Maria , Alves de Almeida Stéffany , Paula Correia Isadora , Vaz Otsubo Brenda Yukari , Diocesano Sampaio Marcos Vinicius , Souza Arrais Márcio de , Ferro Gomes Evangelista Mateus Salomão , Chaves Rocha Giovanna Hellen , Martins de Morais Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A introdução alimentar na primeira infância é um momento crucial para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança, sendo determinante na formação de hábitos alimentares que perdurarão ao longo da vida. Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica sobre a relação entre a introdução alimentar precoce e o desenvolvimento de obesidade infantil, identificando os principais fatores de risco e proteção envolvidos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando uma abordagem exploratória e descritiva, com pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Os descritores utilizados incluíram “introdução alimentar precoce”, “obesidade infantil”, “desenvolvimento infantil” e “nutrição infantil”. Foram selecionados estudos publicados nos últimos 15 anos (2009 a 2024), em português, inglês e espanhol, que analisassem a relação entre a introdução alimentar precoce e a obesidade infantil. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 15 artigos foram analisados detalhadamente. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a introdução precoce de alimentos ultraprocessados, antes dos seis meses de idade, está fortemente associada ao aumento do risco de obesidade infantil, o que pode levar a doenças crônicas na vida adulta. A falta de orientação adequada e a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e culturais são determinantes na adoção de práticas alimentares inadequadas. O aleitamento materno, por sua vez, é identificado como um fator protetor contra a obesidade, destacando-se a importância de políticas públicas que incentivem a amamentação e promovam a educação nutricional. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, os estudos analisados reforçam a necessidade de intervenções educativas eficazes que orientem pais e cuidadores sobre a importância de uma introdução alimentar adequada e da continuidade do aleitamento materno. A implementação de estratégias preventivas culturalmente adaptadas e a restrição da comercialização de alimentos ultraprocessados para crianças são medidas fundamentais para reduzir a prevalência de obesidade infantil, promovendo assim a saúde e o bem-estar das futuras gerações.
Incidência de casos de alzheimer em hospitais brasileiros
Authors: Araújo Leticia Chapermann , Silva Raul Santos , Macedo Rafael Joseph , Silva Bibione Tercia de Oliveira , Matos Livian Guimarães , Sobrinho Irapuan Alencar Souza , Sampaio Beatriz Cunha , Hora Rayssa Maria Vieira , Sampaio Hillary dos Santos Amorim , Santos Bruno de Santana
Published: August 2024

A  Doença  de  Alzheimer (DA) é  uma  das  principais  demências  que  acometem  a população idosa atualmente. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma preocupação global de saúde pública, caracterizada por seu impacto substancial na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e seus cuidadores, bem como pelo fardo significativo que representa para os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar espacialmente e temporalmente o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de internação por Alzheimer nos hospitais brasileiros durante o período de Janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2023. Metodologia: trata-se de um  estudo  epidemiológico,  retrospectivo  com  abordagem quantitativa, a partir da coleta de  dados referentes à mortalidade por doença de Alzheimer  no  período  de  janeiro de 2013  a dezembro de 2023,  nas cinco regiões brasileiras. Para tal coleta, foi utilizado o Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde  (DATASUS), a partir de variáveis que guiam o objetivo de análise do estudo. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio do uso de medições de  grandezas  a  partir  de  técnicas  matemáticas  como  o  cálculo  de  porcentagens, probabilidades,  médias,  razões  e  proporções, nos moldes descritos por (Shitsuka, et al.,2018). Ademais, para embasar o estudo,  foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados: Science  Direct; Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs e SciElo, sendo as referências analisadas quantitativamente e de maneira descritiva. Resultados: Neste sentido, foi notificado que no Brasil 59.573 internações ocorreram por Alzheimer no período analisado o maior número de hospitalizações foi na região Sudeste. A região Sudeste foi a mais notificada quanto a quantidade de internadas e de indivíduos que faleceram por insuficiência cardíaca foi a Nordeste. A maior faixa-etária acometida foi entre 60 a 69 anos. O sexo masculino foi o gênero mais afetado por essa patologia. Em relação à etnia, mais pacientes brancos são internados. Ainda que a região com maior número de internações, neste estudo seja a região Sudeste, a região Sudeste custeou com suas hospitalizações mais recursos que as demais regiões. Conclusão: As intervenções na atenção primária à saúde ajudam a diminuir a necessidade de hospitalizações, promovendo a independência e a preservação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Pacientes com doença de Alzheimer também podem se beneficiar significativamente dessas práticas, o que pode contribuir para a diminuição dos índices observados neste estudo.
TÉCNICA DE TRANSPOSIÇÃO PERITÔNIO APONEURÓTICO LONGITUDINAL BILATERAL
Authors: Barbosa Cirênio de Almeida , Rocha André Versiani Caldeira , Avelar Gabriel Trindade , Minucci Giulia Rocha , Matos Victor Augusto Melo de
Published: August 2024

A hérnia inguinal (HI) é um tema de grande preocupação entre os cirurgiões, sobretudo devido ao alto índice de recidivas e às suas complicações, aproximadamente 10% das hérnias recidivam após a cirurgia. Há muito tempo se estudam técnicas e materiais que possam ser usados para reforçar a parede abdominal no tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia. Em 1957, Alcino Lázaro da Silva, estudante da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) iniciou o estudo sobre a peça anatômica descartada no bloco cirúrgico durante uma operação de correção de hérnia incisional. Porém, somente em 1968, foi possível tratar o paciente com a técnica TRANSPALB ou Técnica Lázaro da Silva. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a história e a evolução da Técnica TRANSPALB, e sua aplicação nas cirurgias de correção das hérnias incisionais na atualidade. Após análise dos estudos, conclui-se que o uso da técnica de Lázaro da Silva, atualmente, pode ser praticado em situações onde não há tela e existe o saco herniário decorrente da hérnia.
Modulação da Microbiota Intestinal como Estratégia Terapêutica no Tratamento do Melanoma
Authors: Bernardi Tuany Caroline , Mazzardo Vanessa , Dallacort Isabele , Paulino Ana Maria Miyawaki , Madalozzo Maria Eduarda , Barancelli Bernardo Augusto , Dazzi Aline Reinert , Hummig Daniel , Fernandes Natally Gabrielly Martin , Furlan Flávia Teston , Chapla Bruna Luana , Vilani Matheus Henrique , Fedrigo Tulio Tozzi
Published: August 2024

A microbiota intestinal, uma comunidade complexa de microrganismos, tem emergido como modulador crucial na homeostase do hospedeiro e na resposta a doenças como o melanoma, um câncer de pele altamente agressivo. Este artigo revisa os mecanismos pelos quais a microbiota influencia o desenvolvimento, progressão e resposta terapêutica do melanoma. A interação entre a microbiota e o sistema imunológico é analisada, mostrando como os microrganismos comensais modulam a resposta imune inata e adaptativa por meio da interação com células dendríticas, macrófagos, linfócitos T, e da produção de citocinas e quimiocinas. Também se discute o impacto de metabólitos microbianos, como ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, ácidos biliares secundários e compostos fenólicos derivados da dieta, na sinalização celular e modulação do microambiente tumoral. Estrategias emergentes, como o uso de probióticos, prebióticos, antibióticos seletivos, transplante de microbiota fecal e intervenções dietéticas, são avaliadas pelo seu potencial em otimizar a resposta terapêutica e mitigar efeitos adversos. A integração de abordagens baseadas na modulação microbiana pode transformar o tratamento do melanoma, melhorando a eficácia terapêutica e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Futuras pesquisas devem focar na personalização dessas intervenções, considerando a composição microbiana individual dos pacientes e os mecanismos subjacentes a essas interações.