bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effect of Using E-Learning on the Learning Process Using the UTAUT Method
Authors: Syam Syekh Budi , Kusuma Gede Putra
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to conduct empirical testing of the influence of the use of the Moodle E-learning System in the Muhammadiyah Samarinda Junior High School environment in supporting the process of ICT-based activities in the teaching and learning process in order to develop ICT-based learning that is considered innovative under the standards of the 2013 Education Curriculum. This study's subjects were Muhammadiyah Junior High School students in Samarinda. The UTAUT model is used to determine the factors influencing E-Learning Behavior's purpose. The data collection survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires directly to 56 students, using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis by conducting a statistical T-test. The results of this study show the influence of expected variables in the performance of E-Learning (PE) technology, expectations on the business of using E-Learning (EE) technology, the influence of teachers and students (SI), the condition of school facilities (FC) and the suitability of learning (JF) with the behavioral intention of Muhammadiyah Junior High School students to use E-Learning learning technology by 83.4%.
PREPARATION AND OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF COPPER SULPHIDE THIN FILM USING CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION METHOD
Authors: Atta Nwaba Abraham , Muhammad Kabeer Sulayman , David Femi Matthew
Published: February 2023

Copper Sulphide thin films is a metal usually found in superconducting films, diamond films, among others Solution growth method was used for the preparation of CuS thin films on glass substrates at various temperatures and deposition times. In this research, optical properties of these films were investigated. It is used in ultra violet range and microwave shielding. Best deposition was obtained at 600C. The corresponding 14950 Å film showed 3.7% transmittance at 300 nm and the band gap of the films was within 1.35 – 2.35 eV.
NON-FARM LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA’S RURAL STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Lawi Magaji B. , ADENIYI Olawamiwa  Reuben , OMOLEHIN Raphael
Published: February 2023

In the past, rural households’ were generally regarded as farmers, foresters or fisher-folk that participate only marginally in non-farm activities, except when they migrate out of rural areas. Nevertheless, despite the common generalization of the rural populace, especially in the developing world, as subsistence farmers, in certain cases a substantial portion of the income that accrue to rural households’ emanates from the rural non-farm sector. Hence, while agriculture has traditionally played a key role in the economy of developing countries, of late an increasing participation of farm households in the non-farm sector has been reported. Accordingly, one phenomenon that is gaining traction in the rural development parlance is the promotion of, and support for, non-farm livelihood diversification. A pertinent question to ask is whether this rising interest in the rural non-farm sector suggests that structural transformation away from agriculture has been taking place in Sub-Saharan Africa?
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS (Co, Cu,Cd,Fe, Pb, Zn) IN SOME EDIBLE INSECTS AND FINGERLINGS IN DUTSIN-MA TOWN
Authors: Muhammad Abdullahi , Auwal Y. , Usman A. H.
Published: February 2023

Assessment of some carcinogenic (Cd and Pb) and non-carcenogenic (Co, Cu, Fe and Zn) heavy metals elements was carried out on fingerling, grasshopper, locust and termite. These organisms were selected for this study because they are regarded as alternative source of protein and recently as traditional medicine. Hence it became imperative to assess their human health risk. The result analyzed show that cobalt level ranges from 1.85±0.16 mg/kg to 9.03±0.54 mg/kg, copper from 18.56±0.01 mg/kg to 78.02±2.35 mg/kg, iron from is 176±12.55 mg/kg to 390.37±10.95 mg/kg, cadmium1 from74±0.00 mg/kg to 7.11±0.89 mg/kg, lead from 0.04±0.08 mg/kg to 1.14±0.49 mg/kg and zinc 244.15± 10.30 mg/kg to 281.48 ± 45.52 mg/kg. These were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and were compared with FAO/WHO standards. And all were above the recommended level except lead (Pb). Fingerling which is the only aquatic organism among the samples was found to contain higher amount of Co, Cu, Fe and Pb. It could be attributed to more interaction with its habitat and usually improper disposal of waste, use of fertlizers and manure among other things may be responsible for that.  Hazard indices (HI) were all high and ranges from 5 to 9 and 16 to 31 for adults and children respectively. Cancer risk (TR) assessments of Cd and Pb were categorized as moderate and low respectively according NYSDOH. Public should therefore avoid eating these organisms because the heavy metals in them may bioaccumulate and manifest adversely.
PHYTO CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND In vitro ANTIPLASMODIAL POTENTIAL OF STEM BARK AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF Ficus gnaphalocarpa AND Ipomea fistulos USED IN YAURI AND ARGUNGU EMIRATES, KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Sylvester E. A. , Danladi Y. K. , Attah D. D. , Ukwani-Kwaja A. N.
Published: February 2023

Malaria is the world’s most parasitic disease endemic in about 100 developing countries. The search for new antimalarial drugs from natural products is necessitated by resistance of the parasites to known antimalarial agents. This study  evaluated  phytocmical composition and the in vitro antiplasmodial potentials of Ficus gnaphalocarpa stem bark and Ipomea fistulos leaf methanolic extracts  obtained from two  areas (one each from Argungu and Yauri emirates of Kebbi State, Nigeria ) . The air dried samples of Ficus gnaphalocarpa (miq) C.C. Beng (stem bark) and Ipomea fistulos L. (leaves) were extracted with methanol for seventy two hours. The crude extracts were tested against chloroquine resistant strain of Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK-65) in vitro in 96 well microplates under anaerobic condition. The data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test with SPSS version 20.0. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in the number of parasitized cells relative to control. F. gnaphalocarpa exhibited higher activity of 92.81% and IC50 (11.85 mg) while I. fistulos recorded an activity of 66.70% and IC50 (36mg). The plant extracts used in this study presented antiplasmodial activity. Further studies on in vivo assay, toxicity, histopathology, isolation and purification is recommended for possible development of their bio-constituents into antiplasmodial agents.
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE INDICES ON VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN KAMUKU NATIONAL PARK, NIGERIA USING COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 6 (CMIP6)
Authors: Mustapha Baba Bashariya , Isa Zaharaddeen , Faruq Abdussalam Auwal , Babati Abu-Hanifa
Published: February 2023

This study examined the influence of climate indices on vegetation dynamics in Kamuku national park, Nigeria. MODIS NDVI dataset was obtained from 2000 – 2021, while temperature and rainfall data were obtained from NiMet Kaduna international airport from 1980 - 2015. Downscale climate indices from Six-generation (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP 6)) global climate model was obtained from Copernicus from 1850 - 2099. Coefficient of variability, Mann Kendall and correlation were used to examine the variability, trend and relationship. Subsequently, multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of climate indices on vegetation dynamics. The result revealed that rainfall indices have moderate variability and temperature indices show a low variability, while the normalized vegetation index revealed a low variability of vegetation vigour in the study area.  In addition, there is a weak positive relationship between the rainfall indices and vegetation and a negative relationship between temperature indices and the vegetation vigour. The climate indices were able to explain 47 % (R2 = 0.47) variance of the vegetation vigour in Kamuku national park. While the remaining 53% might be a result of other factors such as human activities and other environmental factors. In conclusion, the vegetation vigour regulates the distribution of the climate extreme indices and might likely be more influenced by the human activities
GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF AGRICULTURAL LAND SUITABILITY IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: Badamasi Sani , Adewuyi T. O. , Ojigi L. M. , Ya'u S. L. , Mohammed Ahmed , Zakari Zainab Mohammed
Published: February 2023

This study mapped out the agricultural land suitability in Zaria using Geospatial Techniques (GT) with a view to highlight areas of improvement in production to enhance food security. The Agricultural Land Suitability (ALS) is the fitness of a land to a specific crop. ALS selects the land that best suits and supports a crop optimal yield, by matching the land qualities with the crop’s requirements; hence increasing productivity per unit land at minimum inputs and cost. The agricultural lands in the study area were identified and mapped as well as the biophysical land qualities that influence rice cropping. The prevalent biophysical land qualities were matched with the rice requirements; and evaluation of the agricultural land suitability was done using GT and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) modelling approach. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) method to land suitability evaluation was adopted via GT; which entails delineating the study area into highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), temporarily not suitable (N1), and permanently not suitable (N2). The study findings were that about 5% of the area is highly suitable, 9% very suitable, 18% moderately suitable, 55% is marginally suitable, and 13% not suitable. The results of this study can be used by individuals, private organizations, and government to increase agricultural productivity in the study area for sustainable rice farming in order to optimize yield as well as mitigate degradation and erosion
PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF READY TO EAT EXTRUDED SNACKS FROM FLOUR BLENDS OF ACHA-COWPEA AND SWEET POTATO STARCH
Authors: Ubbor S. C. , Arukwe D. C. , Ezeocha V. C. , Nwoso O. N. , Iguh B. N. , Nwibo O. G.
Published: February 2023

Acha is a potential food security crop that contributes significantly to people’s diet, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. The suitability of acha-cowpea composite flour and sweet potato starch in the production of extruded snacks was investigated. Acha flour (ACF), cowpea flour (CPF)and sweet potato starch (SPS),were mixed in various proportions of percentage weights (ACF:CPF:SPS)and were used to produce extruded snacks totaling 7 samples: 100:0:0, 90:5:5, 85:5:10, 75:5:20, 70:5:25:, 65:5:30 and50:0:50.The flour blends and starch mixes were analyzed for functional properties while the extruded snacks were evaluated for proximate, physicochemical and sensory properties. There was significant differences (p<0.05) in the functional properties of the flour and starch blends. Oil and water absorption capacity reduced as the proportion of SPS increased while the wettability followed the same trend. Foam capacity and foam stability were higher in all the blends containing cowpea flour. Gelatinization temperature was highest in blends with equal proportions of acha and sweet potato starch.The proximate composition of the extruded snacks were significantly difference (p<0.05) amongst the samples. The result showed that all the samples with cowpea flour had higher protein and ash contents than the control. Samples with 90% AF, 5% SPS and 5% CF performed best in sensory scores particularly in terms of appearance, taste, texture and general acceptability. However, all the samples were generally accepted. It was concluded that nutritious extruded snacks with acceptable sensory qualities can be produced from blends of acha-cowpea flour and sweet potato starch.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION ON SPERM MORPHOLOGY AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT BUCKS
Authors: Onoja B. A. , Daudu O. M. , Mallam Iliya
Published: February 2023

Twenty mixed breed rabbit bucks aged between 6–8 weeks with an average weight of 861g were randomly assigned to four (4) dietary treatments with five (5) bucks per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of Vitamin E on sperm morphology and semen characteristics of rabbit bucks. The rabbits received graded levels of vitamin E/kg feed (0mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Feed and water were given to the rabbit bucks ad libitum during the experiment. The semen collected was taken to laboratory for sperm morphology and semen characteristics and the data collected were analysed using general linear model procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS). The results revealed that the mean number of normal cells, detached head and mid piece defect were not significantly (P>0.05) different across the treatments. However, the percent abnormal defects percent of free tail and coiled tail were significantly (P<0.05) lower for rabbits fed 20 and 60 mg/kg and the least bent tail was obtained in 60 mg/kg diet. The results for semen characteristics had significant (P<0.05) differences in all the parameters except for semen volume and pH. The results showed that those fed 60 mg/kg of vitamin E diet gave significantly (P<0.05) higher sperm motility, sperm concentration, live ratio and low dead ratio (87.50 %, 232x106, 87.50 % and 12.00 %) respectively. Therefore, supplementation of vitamin E at 60mg/kg in the diet of rabbit bucks is recommended
LEAD ACCUMULATION IN MAIZE GRAINS, LEAVES AND OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT: A POSSIBLE ROUTE FOR LEAD POISONING
Authors: CHIWETALU UCHE , Egwuagu Onyekachi , Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado
Published: February 2023

Lead (Pb) accumulation in parts of maize plant as a possible route for Pb poisoning was investigated. Experimental design adopted was a 3 factorial combination (4 x 1 x 1). Prior to planting of seeds, soil sample was analyzed for its physicochemical properties. At maturity, maize crop and parts of the plants were harvested and analyzed for their Pb contents. TF, BCF and BAF were as well determined. Physicochemical properties’ results revealed that pH was 6.75, Ec = 1.62 dSm-, K = 1.66 %, Mg =12.87 cmol/kg, Ca =1.9 cmol/kg, N = 0.6%, P = 0.98%, BD = 1.25 g/cm3 and MC = 40.84%. TF, BCF and BAF value obtained were < 1. Similarly, Pb found in the grains, leaves, shots, roots and soil were within 0.3133 - 1.0533 ppm; 4.7133 - 7.100 ppm; 8.070 - 14.09 ppm; 14.02 - 26.00 ppm and 172 - 551.34 ppm for grains, leaves, shoots, roots and soil Pb concentration respectively. However, consumption of vegetables and crops cultivated in Pb contaminated soil will pose serious health risk to the consumers as Pb found in the grain and leaves of maize were above the maximum permissible limit for health safety (0.2 ppm) recommended by joint FAO/WHO.
RURAL FARMERS’ ATTITUDE TO INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SHARING FOR SELECTED LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
Authors: Ominikari Abraham Godwin , Wasini Dobie Allen
Published: February 2023

The study assessed rural farmers’ attitude to indigenous knowledge sharing for selected livelihood activities in South-South Nigeria.  Multi-stage sampling was used to select 360 farmers. Data collection was through questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result reveals that sharing between two or more farmers ( = 3.9),  parents/guardian/friends ( = 3.8), participation ( = 3.8), observation ( = 3.7), farmer’s groups ( = 3.7), demonstration ( = 3.4), social group gathering ( = 3.4), village groups/age grades ( = 3.4), village meetings ( = 3.4), women meetings ( = 3.3) and apprenticeship ( = 3.0) were the major ways farmers share  knowledge. Furthermore, cost intensive to undertake ( = 2.56), time consuming to undertake ( = 2.52), not valued by farmers ( = 2.07) and very labourious to undertake ( = 1.78) were some of the mean responses of farmers on their attitude to knowledge sharing. The ANOVA result showed no significant difference in the mean ratings of the respondents on their attitude to indigenous knowledge sharing for selected livelihood activities in South-South Nigeria at 5% level of significance. From the findings, it was concluded that farmers generally had unfavourable attitude towards indigenous knowledge sharing for selected livelihood activities. The study recommended that the State Ministries of Agriculture and Extension Agencies should assist the rural farmers by organizing demonstrations and coordinating farmer groups which would enable them share their indigenous knowledge for better livelihood activities in the study area.
A FRAMEWORK FOR PROCESS-RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS PREDICTION IN A FACTORED OPERATING SYSTEMS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Mikailu Habila , Iorshase Agaji , Nachamada Blamah , Gambo Ishaya
Published: February 2023

The evolution of multicore technology has come with new challenges to process scheduling. An intelligent process resource requirement prediction framework in a factored operating system (FOS) was developed using machine learning. To simulate this system, an array of positive integer numbers in the interval of 1 to 10, with a maximum length of 20, was used to represent process. The properties of this array (array length and sum of the array elements) were used as the parameters of the application processes. These served as input into the machine learning network to predict the process’ size and hence, the resource requirements for each process. The framework was simulated using Java 2EE. Experimental results of the framework showed that prediction of processes’ sizes with enhanced resource requirement allocation, and hence, required faster and efficient scheduling of processes to multiple resource cores, with an increased system throughout.
The APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF MALARIA DISEASE TRANSMISSION MODEL: USING MUTI-STEP DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMATION METHOD
Authors: Akogwu Blessing
Published: February 2023

In this paper, numerical solutions to the SPEIR-SEI Malaria disease model were obtained using the Multi-Step Differential Transformation Method (MS-DTM). MS-DTM is a semi-analytical method for solving a system of a non-linear differential equation where its exact solution is difficult to obtain. The analytical solution of MS-DTM was compared with the solution of Maple21’s in-built classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the method and the graphs show that the solutions from both methods agreed well with each other.
A BIOMIMETIC UNDERWATER ROBOT DIRECTION CHANGING ALGORITHMS
Authors: AFOLAYAN Matthew Olatunde
Published: February 2023

The performance of the steady-turning while swimming, and sharp-turning motion algorithms of a biomimetic underwater robot in the form of a fish is presented in this work. The biological fish modelled is a Mackerel - Scomber scombrus. It’s motion patterns are precalculated and programmed into its firmware as an inflexible algorithm to save power consumption due to continuous motor position recalculations. The robot tail is a six segments plywood panels with vulcanized rubber acting as joints. This tail structure is driven by three remote-control servomotors (Futaba 3003) under the control of microcontroller (PIC18F4520). The algorithm for steady turning is derived steady swimming by introducing offset in the servomotor displacements about the midline of the robot. The algorithm for sharp turning treats the three servomotors as one and turn them simultaneously to left or right and restore them quickly into straight form, which allows the robot to turn at a tight corner. A 54cm turning radius was achieved with the steady turn while swimming. The sharp turn however works but requires several attempts before a proper reorientation was achieved in the desired direction.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF UNPACKAGED POWERED MILK SOLD WITHIN KADUNA
Authors: Moroof M. B. , Yunus S. I. , Momoh L.
Published: February 2023

Milk is a nutritious food and a excellent source of protein needed for growth and body building. It’s costly nature however makes it unaffordable by most people especially in a developing country like Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bacteriological quality of unpackaged powdered milk sold within Kaduna south local government. The objectives are to determine the bacteriological load of three brands of powdered milk and to isolate and identify bacteria from the samples analyzed. This was done using standard microbiological methods. Thirty milk samples from three different brands (A, B and C) were collected from markets within Kaduna south local government. The bacterial load of brand A ranged from 1.26x 105_ 7.0x105 with a mean viable count of 4.0x105 ± 2.9 that of brand B ranged from 1.38x105-2.44x105 with a meancount of 2.0x105 ± 0.5 while that of brand C ranged from 1.00x105-2.0x105 with a mean count of 1.3x105±0.5.Three genera of bacteria (Bacillus spp Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus spp) with percentage occurance of 60, 23.3 nd 16.7% respectively were isolated from all the milk samples analysed. The study establish evidence of contamination of all the milk samples with the total viable count in all the samples(>104 CFU/ g). Proper hygienic practices should be enforced and maintained during handling to reduce post pasteurization contamination and spoilage of powdered milk.
FORECASTING CONSUMER PRICE INDEX AND EXCHANGE RATE USING ARIMA MODELS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Sani U. M. , Olokojo V. O.
Published: February 2023

Considering the high level of uncertainty in the foreign exchange market and the adverse effects of inflation in Nigeria, the need to utilize current data to work on appropriate models capable of predicting the future values of exchange rates and CPI has become necessary to guide monetary policy makers. This paper applies the techniques of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to forecast the CPI and exchange rates of Nigeria using the dataset of monthly CPI and Exchange rates of naira against US Dollar from January 2010 to August 2022 obtained from National Bureau of Statistics. After the original series were appropriately differenced to attain stationarity, autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) were used to select a number of tentative models for parameter estimation. Based on selection criteria such as AIC, SBIC, HQC, R2 and Durbin Watson Statistics, ARIMA(1, 2, 0) was chosen as the best model for forecasting Nigeria’s monthly Inflation (CPI) and ARIMA(1, 1, 1) was selected as the most ideal model for forecasting monthly foreign exchange rates of Nigeria. The portmanteau tests carried out show that the residuals from both models are white noise which further confirms the adequacy of the fitted models. The results reveal that both inflation and Exchange rates of Naira against the Dollar will continue to rise. However, the rise in exchange rates for the short time is relatively steady. The findings from this study will furnish the monetary and policy makers with necessary information needed to reverse the expected trend
AN OPTIMAL DECISION MODEL FOR AMELIORATING INVENTORY ITEMS WITH STOCK DEPENDENT DEMAND
Authors: Gwanda Yusuf I. , Iyanda Falade Kazeem Iyanda , Abubakar Umar Muhammad
Published: February 2023

In marketplace, it is normally observed that the utility of some items increases with time. For instance, in breweries, the value of some stocked wine increases with time. In farms, the quantity or weight of fish, fast growing animals including broilers, sheep, and so on, increase with time. These phenomena are termed amelioration. In this paper therefore, we study an inventory model that determines the optimal replenishment decision for ameliorating items with stock dependent demand where the holding cost and the rate of amelioration are considered constants. The concept of differential and integral calculus was used to optimize the cost function to obtain numerical examples that illustrate the effects of parameter changes on the decision variables and to find the optimum number of replenishments. The model could be used by the organizations that deal with the relevant items.
IMPACT OF MARKET PATRONAGE ON THE TRAFFIC SITUATION IN BENIN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Ayo-Odifiri Solomon Oisasoje
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the influence of market patronage on the traffic situation in Benin City, Nigeria. Nine market routes were studied, and a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly and systematically was used to collect data from 407 respondents. Descriptive and correlation techniques were used to analyse the responses. Most of the markets were found to be situated along transit routes, and operated every day, resulting in street trading and parking which contributed 76.2 percent to the traffic situation in Benin metropolis. It is suggested that traffic laws prohibiting street trading and parking be enacted and enforced. The marketplaces should be restructured to accommodate motor parks, and alternative routes to bypass market areas for non-market trips should be considered as well as the provision of priority lanes for High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV).
OPTIMUM RESCHEDULING OF TRAIN PLATFORMING AND ROUTING PLANS AT PASSENGER STATIONS DURING A DISRUPTION
Authors: Umar Aliyu Mani , Mohammed Ashiru , Sabari Adam Ado , Umar Kabiru Dangoma , Nabage Yaseer Adam
Published: February 2023

The susceptibility of railway operations to disruptions and its over-dependence on compliance to a schedule necessitates contingency measures to be put in place to manage such disruptions. The efficiency of a railway system has a lot to do with how robust such measures are. These disruptions are uncertain and as such, provided measures to counter them do not always agree with reality. The problem becomes more complicated when it occurs in real-time and at the station. To solve such problem, a complete resolution of all conflicting activities (train operations and maintenance tasks) must be carried out. These mutually exclusive activities compete for track allocation in the railway network. Existing solutions mainly focus on solving conflicts in train operations and neglect existing maintenance tasks. This research presents a MILP formulation of the problem and demonstrates how a disturbed train operations plan can be rescheduled while considering station infrastructure maintenance tasks. Four practical scenarios of this problem are presented and analyzed. Test results from real-life data demonstrate the efficacy of this formulation in handling various practical scenarios of the described problem within reasonable computational times.
KARAKTER FISIK DAN KIMIA DIGESTAT TIGA JENIS KOTORAN TERNAK PADA KONDISI ANAEROB
Authors: Rohman Saefur
Published: February 2023

Limbah kotoran ternak selaku produk samping budidaya peternakan mempunyai dampak negatif berupa bau, cemaran lingkungan, dan sumber penyakit. Biokonversi anaerob mengonversi limbah kotoran ternak menjadi digestat akhir berbentuk slurry yang kaya kandungan hara sebagai pupuk organik. Sejauh ini, studi tentang sifat fisik dan kimia digestat berbagai jenis kotoran ternak masih jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh tiga jenis kotoran ternak (kambing, ayam, dan sapi) terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia digestat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sederhana dengan perlakuan tiga jenis kotoran dengan tiga kali ulangan. Digestat dibuat dari kotoran ternak, urin sapi, aktivator EM4, dan daun lamtoro yang diinkubasikan secara anaerob selama 14 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi aroma, warna, kekentalan, buih, pH, dan suhu yang diamati 2 hari sekali hingga 14 hari setelah inkubasi (HSI). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa digestat kambing dan sapi memiliki kesamaan pola sifat fisik dan kimia. Karakter aroma, warna, kekentalan, dan buih digestat sapi dan kambing cenderung tidak berubah selama masa inkubasi dibandingkan digestat ayam. Derajat keasaman/kebasaan (pH) ketiga digestat cenderung turun di awal inkubasi dan naik di pertengahan hingga akhir inkubasi mendekati pH 7,0. Kenaikan suhu digestat ayam lebih tinggi mencapai 40oC, sementara kenaikan suhu digestat kambing dan sapi lebih rendah. Secara keseluruan, digestat kambing dan sapi cenderung lebih sulit didegradasi dan membutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk terdekomposisi sempurna dibandingkan digestat ayam yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan karakter kotoran meliputi komposisi pakan, mikroba usus, dan struktur pencernaan ternak tersebut.
Between Russia, Sweden, and Finland: The Åland Question Since 1809
Authors:   Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Tuchtenhagen Ralph
Published: February 2023

This contribution addresses the strategical, political, and cultural significance of the Åland Islands between Russia, Sweden, and Finland from 1809 to the present day. During the first half of the 19th century, Russia fulfilled, with the conquest of the Åland Islands, one of its military goals which had been in place since the Petrine period, namely, to push forward the country’s military control as far as to the Western border of Finland in order to secure Russia’s capital St. Petersburg, and to threaten the capital of the kingdom of Sweden, Stockholm, in order to prevent a Swedish act of revenge for the loss of Sweden’s control of the Eastern Baltic during the Great Northern War. At the same time, the islands were, in a political and cultural sense, an important ingredient of the upcoming Swedish and Finnish national movements. After the loss of Finland, the countries had tried to find solace in national culture and past glories. In this respect, the question of why Sweden, during the Finnish Civil War, sent troops to the Åland Islands can be interpreted as part of Sweden’s anti-Russian military agenda as well as being part of its cultural mission to protect the islands against Finnish and Russian attempts to make the island part of Finnish or Russian culture, and to subdue the overwhelmingly-Swedishspeaking population in the context of a Finnish national state. This Swedish-Finnish opposition, though, turned, during the interwar period, into a secret collaboration against Russian military interests in the Eastern Baltic region, whereby the control of the Åland Islands played a central role. Despite minor yet critical situations, the islands have enjoyed relative calm ever since. However, the outbreak of Russia’s Ukrainian War threatens to cast doubt once again on the islands’ status.
Lenguaje, lógica y algunas repercusiones de la (in)definición del thema probandum
Authors: Bravo Ibarra Sebastián Ignacio
Published: February 2023

El lenguaje, la lógica y el derecho procesal se encuentran mucho más relacionados de lo que podríamos imaginar. Con miras a explorar esta relación, examinaremos algunas aproximaciones al concepto de thema probandum para luego ilustrar cómo una aproximación lingüística permite construir el objeto de prueba sobre la base de ciertos elementos semánticos y sintácticos.
Finalmente, ejemplificaremos algunas repercusiones teóricas y prácticas de esta última aproximación con respecto a ciertos problemas procesales tradicionales.
Acerca del irreductible ámbito de subjetividad en la formulación y aplicación de los estándares de prueba
Authors: Calderon Meynier Manuel Andres
Published: February 2023

En diversos trabajos Jordi Ferrer Beltrán, ha postulado consistentemente la necesidad de formular estándares de prueba objetivos, al menos en el sentido de que la afirmación relativa a que determinado hecho se encuentra probado no debería resultar subsidiaria de la convicción que aquel sujeto que realiza la afirmación, tiene respecto de la prueba de dicho evento. Tal como lo señala en el título de su último libro, la convicción de quien juzga no es necesaria para la prueba de los hechos. Ahora bien, creo que existen, incluso dentro de las formulaciones de estándares pretendidamente objetivos, ámbitos irreductibles de subjetividad. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en mostrar alguno de dichos ámbitos, determinar su real dimensión y, si es posible, proponer ciertos bemoles a la pretensión de Ferrer Beltrán de formular EDP de este carácter.
Requiem por la carga de la prueba
Authors: Nieva Fenoll Jordi
Published: February 2023

La carga de la prueba es una institución propia del proceso romano-canónico medieval, ajena a los cuatro sistemas procesales romanos, que tendría que haber desaparecido con la introducción de la libre valoración de la prueba. Sin embargo, la inercia doctrinal y jurisprudencial en la utilización de los conceptos tradicionales, así como la conservación de un proceso bifásico –como el romano-canónico– en los sistemas de origen anglosajón, han favorecido la persistencia de una noción que observada con objetividad, ha dejado de tener cualquier sentido práctico legítimo en los procesos judiciales actuales.
Julio Antonio Mella: El faro del siglo XX. Breve revisión
Authors: Montoro Bombú Richard , Velastegui López Efraín , Carrasco Ruano Yolanda Tatiana
Published: February 2023

Introducción Estudiar la personalidad de Mella es una fuente inagotable de hechos, donde se destacan grandes momentos y acontecimientos que lo convierte en un paradigma para los jóvenes cubanos. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo: Valorar la trascendencia histórica de su labor revolucionaria, por la importancia que reviste en los momentos actuales el estudio de la historia y de esos grandes hombres que la protagonizan. Metodología: La búsqueda de la información se realizó en la Web of science, Scopus, Latindex, principales libros de Historia de Cuba y revistas especializas de historia en formato impreso. Resultados. Se obtiene como resultado, un resumen de la vida revolucionaria, la fundación del Partido comunista, los símbolos de lucha hasta su muerte. Conclusión. Esta figura histórica puede influir sobre las nuevas generaciones, además se demuestra que como modelos sociales pueden contribuir al desarrollo de valores, en la proyección de un modo de actuación consecuente, por tanto, es un elemento a tener en cuenta dentro de los planes de estudio de los diferentes niveles de enseñanza.
Miten tutkia kadonnutta materiaalisuutta?
Authors: Kunnas-Pusa Liisa , Koivunen Leila
Published: February 2023

Tässä kirjoituksessa esittelemme Turun akatemian kokoelmatoimintaa pääasiassa esinekokoelmien näkökulmasta. Akatemian kokoelmia voidaan pitää ensimmäisenä museokokoelmana Suomessa, ja ne ovat osa monen tieteenalan historiaa. Kokoelmat sisälsivät taidetta, historiallisia ja etnografisia esineitä sekä luonnontieteellisiä näytteitä. Suurin osa kokoelmista tuhoutui Turun palossa vuonna 1827, ja säilyneet osat siirrettiin yliopiston mukana Helsinkiin. Kokoelmia koskeva lähdeaineisto on sirpaleista, eikä niitä koskevaa tutkimusta ole juurikaan tehty.
QT dispersion and electrical heart field morphology in patients treated with dosulepin.
Authors: Kittnar O , Paclt I , Mlček M , Slavíček J , Dohnalová A , Havránek Š , Brizman E , Kitzlerová E , Pišvejcová K
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to detect the changes of QT dispersion (QTd) due to cardiotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressant dosulepin. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic recordings were obtained using Cardiag 112.2 diagnostic system from 28 psychiatric outpatients treated with prophylactic doses of dosulepin and compared to those obtained from 37 healthy volunteers. From these recordings following parameters were evaluated: QTd, spatial QRS-STT angle and amplitude of T-wave. The acquired data were correlated with the dosulepin plasma levels using Spearman´s rank order correlation test. The average QTd (±S.D.) in the dosulepin group was significantly higher (70±21 ms) than that in the control group (34±12 ms) (P<0.001). Moreover, the correlation between QTd and the dosulepin plasma levels was highly significant (r = 0.7871, P<0.001). Similar results were obtained when QTc dispersion was used. On the contrary, the QRS-STT space angle did not correlate with the dosulepin plasma levels. Furthermore, the T-wave amplitude was not significantly correlated to the QT-interval. Thus we can conclude that the QT dispersion could be used as a simple marker of the dosulepin effect on the myocardium.
Polymorphisms in ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters and plasma cholesterol levels.
Authors: Hubáček JA , Berge KE , Štefková J , Piťha J , Škodová Z , Lánská V , Poledne R
Published: February 2023

ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters play an important role in the absorption and excretion of sterols. Missence polymorphisms (Gln604Glu in the ABCG5 and Asp19His, Tyr54Cys, Thr400Lys, and Ala632Val in the ABCG8) in these genes have been described. In 131 males and 154 females whose dietary composition markedly changed and lipid parameters decreased over an 8-year follow-up study (total cholesterol decreased from 6.21±1.31 mmol/l in 1988 to 5.43±1.06 mmol/l in 1996), these polymorphisms were investigated using PCR. Plasma lipid levels and changes in plasma lipid levels were independent of the Gln604Glu polymorphism in ABCG5 and Asp19His and the Ala632Val polymorphisms in ABCG8. The Tyr54Cys polymorphism influenced the degree of reduction in total plasma cholesterol (D –0.49 mmol/l in Tyr54 homozygotes vs. D +0.12 mmol/l in Cys54 homozygotes, p<0.04) and LDL-cholesterol (D –0.57 mmol/l in Tyr54 homozygotes vs. D +0.04 mmol/l in Cys54 homozygotes, p<0.03) levels between 1988 and 1996 in females, but not in males. Male Thr400 homozygotes exhibited a greater decrease in total cholesterol (D –0.90 mmol/l vs. D –0.30 mmol/l, p<0.02) and LDL-cholesterol (D –0.62 mmol/l vs. D –0.19 mmol/l, p<0.04) than Lys400 carriers. No such association was observed in females. We conclude that Tyr54Cys and Thr400Lys variations in the ABCG8 gene may play a role in the genetic determination of plasma cholesterol levels and could possibly influence the gender-specific response of plasma cholesterol levels after dietary changes. These polymorphisms are of potential interest as genetic variants that may influence the lipid profile.
Epidemiological Features of the Molecular Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Greece: The Experience of a Regional Hospital
Authors: Chasiotis Iraklis , Zormpas Ioannis , Zormpas Eleftherios , Chasioti Evangelia–Zoe , Bostanitis Christos , Tsalidou Maria
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a huge challenge for the Greek National Health System. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (rtRT-PCR) remains the reference method for early diagnosis, contact tracing, and containment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study is the documentation of the epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory surveillance with rtRT-PCR in the population residing in the Pieria province of Greece. Of the 15,486 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples tested with real-time reverse transcription PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, 8,051 (52%) were from females and 7,435 (48%) from males, aged 7 days–103 years, with 69.9% coming from the age group of >40 years. The 4,616 out of 15,486 (29.8%) samples came from hospitalised patients. There were 3,771 positive samples out of 15,486 (24.3%); 1,890 (50.8%) males and 1,881 (49.2%) females, with the age group of 40–59 years being dominant (29.9%). Those diagnosed for the first time made up 3,352 out of 3,771 (88.9%) of positive samples. The monthly positivity rate ranged from 6.24–15.69% during the B.1.1.7 variant wave, 17.38–52.89% during the B.1.617.2 variant wave, and 59.76% during the first month of the B.1.1.529 variant wave. Absence of detection of the spike protein gene target was observed in 1,371 (36.4%) of positive samples. Cycle threshold values <20, indicative of higher viral load, had 43.2% of positive samples during the B.1.1.7, 70.0% during the B.1.617, and 92.0% during the first month of the B.1.1.529 wave. The positivity and distribution of variants in the study population was in accordance with the respective results announced by official government authorities for the Pieria region.
How is Discrimination is Dealt with on YouTube?: Exploring the Direction of YouTube-mediated Public Communication on the Issue of Discrimination
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lim Yonsoo
Published: February 2023

This study aims to explore the possibility of YouTube-mediated public communication activities on the issue of discrimination. YouTube can be used to promote public communication based on participation and cooperation. On the other hand, due to the commercialization of YouTube, there is a possibility that it will be used as a business space for profit generation. This study tries to identify how YouTube's two-sided characteristics appear on the issue of discrimination. For the purpose of this study, 5,004 discrimination-related YouTube videos from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed by using topic modeling. From the results, this study found that YouTube videos related to discrimination are mainly composed of commercial contents and do not properly deal with the seriousness of discrimination. This reveals that it is difficult to develop YouTube-mediated public communication activities on the issue of discrimination, and indicates that it is time for social discussion on how to use YouTube to solve social problems such as discrimination in the future.
Factors Affecting College Adjustment of First Year Students
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Sunyoung
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the college adjustment of freshmen who have been through the COVID-19 pandemic, and develop strategies for improving academic programs. The results indicated that the factors influencing college adjustment were high school type, academic major, college dropout plan, and sense of belonging to the university. Specifically, students who wanted their major as their top priority showed higher adjustment to college life than students whose major was undetermined, and students who did not plan to drop out showed higher adjustment to college life than students who planned to drop out. In addition, it was analyzed that the more they felt a sense of belonging to the university, the better they adjusted to college life. In particular, the sense of belonging to the university was found to be the most influential factors affecting college adjustment. This study suggested that it is necessary to establish a support system(e.g., FYE) and expand various programs to help students.
A Study on the Online English Learning Using Youtube
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Sun
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze how many Korean university students used online English learning sites before and after Covid-19, and to examine the expected effects of online English learning for them. Various web-based English sites developed during the pandemic, but among them, the YouTube site showed remarkable growth. In the EFL environment, it is necessary to be exposed to English as much as possible, so the current use of YouTube by college students is helpful for exposure to English. However, since the purpose of using them is mainly focused on fun, they cannot advance to in-depth EFL learning. Now that the traditional teaching method has returned, it is necessary to use existing YouTube materials or develop and provide practical web-based programs to learners familiar with YouTube so that college students learn English effectively even in endemic situations.
A Study on Impulse Patterns in the Poetry of Jo Hyang: Focusing on Sex and Death
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Hanra
Published: February 2023

This study tried to explore the characteristics of the reality that appeared after the impulse by examining eroticism as a 'sex impulse' as an aspect of 'impulse' to deny reality in Johyang's poetry and 'death impulse' to escape from negative reality. In ‘Sea as a space of eroticism and reality’, the impulse aspect as eroticism shown in steering was regarded as ‘violating the beautiful and clean’ and considered the ‘sea’ as reality. In ‘the will to live through the negative reality and the death impulse’, it was examined that the ‘death impulse’ shown in steering was to escape from the negative reality. At this time, ‘death’ is not the end of life or biological death, but leads to a new self or a new life through ‘non-personal death’. In addition, this death is 'repeated' to form a simulacre like a drama, so that the will to live is expressed through the repetition of the death impulse. The impulsive subject that appears in Johyang's poem embodies the energy that drives life through endless violations and deaths.
A Study of Musical Techniques and Korean Culture Reflected in  by D. Burge
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Minjung
Published: February 2023

This study analyzes the deep sentiments for Korea expressed in (Ancestral Home, 1994), a piano solo piece by David Burge, a pioneer of contemporary American music in the late 20th century. In this 6-movement work, quotation of Korean folk song and imitation of the folk rhythm allude to the wartime Korea. He portrays his lifelong friendships with Koreans through frequently interrupted melodies, linear progressions and nuances of soft dynamics, while chromatic harmonies, cluster, and poly-rhythm express Burge's identity as a contemporary composer. His relationship with Korea- his 'ancestral home' in heart, and his conflict and embrace of foreign culture noted in the autobiographical novel, ｢Vanishing Spring｣, manifest as warm timbre of dissonance and imitation techniques. Created from cultural understanding and personal experience,  is a work that sublimates the embrace of conflicting cultures into music beyond the fusion of Eastern and Western music.
The Dual Mediating Effects of Job Stress and Job Engagement in the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Psychological Burnout of Novice Counselors
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Moon Yelim , Ha Moonsun
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to the dual mediating effect of job stress and job engagement in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological burnout of novice counselors. For this purpose, the results of applying structural equation model based on data collected from a total of 267 novice counselors are as follows. First, it was found that neuroticism had a significant effect on job stress, psychological burnout, and job engagement. In addition, it was found that job stress had a significant effect on job engagement and psychological burnout, and job engagement had a significant effect on psychological burnout. Second, as a result of confirming the mediating effect, the single mediating effect of job stress and job engagement and the sequential mediating effect of job stress and job engagement were found to be significant in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological burnout. The significance of this study is that it suggests ways to cope with stress or improve job engagement as an intervention plan for novice counselors experiencing psychological burnout.
The Meaning of Accepting Traditional Fairy Tales in Park U-seop's Radio-drama for Children: Focusing on “Loyal Tiger” and “Sneeze of a Fox”
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Ryu Jaekook
Published: February 2023

Park U-seop pioneered the radio drama genre and continued his fairy tale work for five years from 1937 to 1941. Especially this paper analyzes to find the meaning of accepting traditional fairy tale with Park’s passionate two radio dramas, “Loyal Tiger” and “Sneeze of a Fox” in 1938. In the two works, Park U-seop used his unique storytelling and expression techniques, and aimed for an allegorical method to effectively capture moral and ethical lessons. To find out the method, this paper focuses on acceptance of moral and didactic messages of fables. The two fairy tale dramas contain various areas of life in human history and the psychological prototype of the people. In addition, it reveals that the virtues of lessons based on reconciliation, forgiveness, and faith were implied in the works.