bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How are early maladaptive schemas and DSM‐5 personality traits associated with the severity of binge eating?
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Caroleo Mariarita , Carbone Elvira A. , Fazia Gilda , Calabrò Giusy , Segura‐Garcia Cristina
Published: November 2019

Objective

The present study aimed to (a) assess and compare personological traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) of obese women with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and (b) identify the variables associated with the binge severity.

Method

One hundred women (55 BED‐obese and 45 non‐BED‐obese) completed psychopathological and personological self‐report questionnaires. A forward stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to assess variables associated with binge eating severity.

Results

Not only psychopathological but also personological differences were evident between BED and non‐BED‐obese women. BED severity was significantly associated with depressivity, emotional deprivation, and defectiveness.

Conclusions

Our preliminary findings suggest that BED patients exhibit some EMSs that could be linked to the construct of emotional neglect and specific personological traits closely related to depressive dimensions, emotional lability, and impulsivity. In particular, binge severity is associated with the pervasiveness of depressogenic cognitive schemas, as well as those of emotional deprivation and defectiveness.
Active or Inert? An Experimental Comparison of Creative Ideation across Incubation Periods
Authors: Frith Emily , Ponce Pamela , Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: November 2019

The primary objective of this study was to contribute to the growing research discipline investigating the effects of physical exercise on divergent thinking creativity performance. Thirty‐two students participated in this two‐visit, within‐subject intervention. Individuals consented to participate in two randomized, and counterbalanced, experimental conditions, consisting of 15 min of active treadmill walking and an inert, seated control incubation period. Creativity was assessed at baseline and post‐exercise (and control) via the Instances Creativity Task (ICT). Creativity scores for changes in fluency (F(1, 31) = 2.90, p = .10) were not statistically significant across the experimental conditions. Originality scores were higher at baseline and follow‐up when compared to the exercise condition (F(1, 31) = 6.82, p = .01). However, there was no statistically significant condition × time interaction effect (F(1, 31) = 1.78, p = .19). Further analyses demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental conditions on recall score (F(1, 31) = 1.04, p = .32). All models indicated statistically significant main effects for time: fluency (F(1, 31) = 131.17, p < .001); originality (F(1, 31) = 36.54, p < .001); and recall (F(1, 31) = 51.75, p < .001). These findings suggest that both active and inert creative incubation periods may similarly enhance subsequent divergent thinking performance.
Construct validity of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) quality scale for randomized trials: Item response theory and factor analyses
Authors: Albanese Emiliano , Bütikofer Lukas , Armijo‐Olivo Susan , Ha Christine , Egger Matthias
Published: November 2019

Background

There is an agreement that the methodological quality of randomized trials should be assessed in systematic reviews, but there is a debate on how this should be done. We conducted a construct validation study of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, which is widely used to assess the quality of trials in physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Methods

We analyzed 345 trials that were included in Cochrane reviews and for which a PEDro summary score was available. We used one‐ and two‐parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) models to study the psychometric properties of the PEDro scale and assessed the items' difficulty and discrimination parameters. We ran goodness of fit post estimations and examined the IRT unidimensionality assumption with a multidimensional IRT (MIRT) model.

Results

Out of a maximum of 10, the mean PEDro summary score was 5.46 (SD = 1.51). The allocation concealment and intention‐to‐treat scale items contributed most of the information on the underlying construct (with discriminations of 1.79 and 2.05, respectively) at similar difficulties (0.63 and 0.65, respectively). The other items provided little additional information and did not distinguish trials of different quality. There was substantial evidence of departure from the unidimensionality assumption, suggesting that the PEDro items relate to more than one latent trait.

Conclusions

Our findings question the construct validity of the PEDro scale to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials. PEDro summary scores should not be used; rather, the physiotherapy community should consider working with the individual items of the scale.
Organophosphate esters by GC–MS: An optimized method for aquatic risk assessment
Authors: Cristale Joyce , Oliveira Santos Izabela , Fagnani Enelton
Published: November 2019

Organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers are ubiquitous contaminants in surface waters. Many studies indicate that these compounds are neurotoxicants, endocrine disruptors, and may affect reproduction and development of aquatic organisms. Thus, analytical methods that allow accurate quantification of these contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations are desirable for risk assessment studies. In this study, a method based on solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for determination of organophosphate esters in river water extracts. Multivariate optimization was used to determine the best conditions for injection of larger volumes of sample in a Programmable Temperature Vaporization inlet. Furthermore, the matrix effect on the instrumental response was evaluated and compensated by association of extraction‐blank‐matched calibration and isotopically labeled focus standards. The method quantification limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.11 µg/L, staying below the predicted non‐effect concentration for the aquatic compartment for all analytes, which is a requisite for using in risk assessment studies. The method was applied to freshwater samples collected in rivers from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and eight out of the ten target organophosphate esters were quantified, being tris(2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate and tris(phenyl) phosphate the most frequently detected compounds.
Monitoring soil organic carbon in alpine soils using in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy and a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Chen Songchao , Xu Dongyun , Li Shuo , Ji Wenjun , Yang Meihua , Zhou Yin , Hu Bifeng , Xu Hanyi , Shi Zhou
Published: November 2019

Soil quality in alpine ecosystems requires regular monitoring to assess its dynamics under changes in climate and land use. Visible near‐infrared (vis‐NIR) spectroscopy could offer an option, as sampling and transporting large numbers of soil samples in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is extremely difficult. However, the potential for in situ vis‐NIR spectra and the optimal algorithms need to be defined in this region. We have therefore evaluated the performance of a deep learning method, multilayer perceptron (MLP), for in situ spectral measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC) with in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy in southeastern Tibet, China. A total of 39 soil cores (maximum depth 1 m), including 547 soil samples taken from each 5‐cm depth interval, were collected. The spectra were also measured at each 5‐cm depth interval accordingly. After spectral preprocessing, 4,096 MLP models were generated by taking all the combinations from six parameters defined in the MLP. The 10‐fold‐core cross‐validation showed that MLP had a good performance for in situ SOC prediction, and the best MLP model had an R2 of .92, which were much better than those of the partial least squares regression model (R2 = .80). The results also suggested that the number of epochs, number of neurons, and dropout rate were the most important parameters in the MLP model. We concluded that in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy coupled with an MLP model has high potential for large‐scale SOC monitoring in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Our results also provide a reference for rapid hyperparameter optimization using MLP for future soil spectroscopic modeling.
DDAH1 promoter ‐396 4N insertion variant is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a gender‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhu Fasheng , Zhou Chi , Wen Zheng , Wang Dao Wen
Published: November 2019

Background

Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases, making it a contributing factor for diabetes. Endogenous ADMA is hydrolyzed by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), and a DDAH1 promoter ‐396 4N deletion/insertion polymorphism (DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT) regulates its transcriptional activity. This study aimed to explore the association between this polymorphism and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

In a case–control study, all participants were genotyped for this polymorphism within two sets of populations (discovery: 1,227 T2DM patients and 1,339 controls; replication: 1,190 patients and 1,651 controls). The disease association was assessed by a unconditional logistic regression model. Homeostasis model assessment calculations were conducted among different genotypes.

Results

We identified that DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele was significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM (discovery: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.128–1.687, p = .002; replication: OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.007–1.504, p = .043). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was increased in participants carrying Ins/Ins alleles (p = .0452). Interestingly, the insertion allele increased the risk of T2DM in males but not in females (male discovery: OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.141–2.047, p = .004; replication: OR = 1.439, 95% CI = 1.083–1.911, p = .012; female discovery: OR = 1.218, 95% CI = 0.913–1.626, p = .18; replication: OR = 1.161, 95% CI = 0.871–1.548, p = .308).

Conclusion

The DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele is associated with increased risk of T2DM in a gender‐dependent manner, affects males but not females.
Variable step‐size implementation of sixth‐order Numerov‐type methods
Authors: Medvedeva Marina A. , Simos Theodore E. , Tsitouras Charalampos
Published: November 2019

The explicit sixth‐order Numerov‐type family of methods is considered. A new representative from this family is produced and equipped with a cheap step‐size changing algorithm. Actually, after the completion of a step, this remains the same, halved, or doubled. The off‐step points required for such technique are evaluated through local interpolant. Numerical tests over various problems illustrate the efficiency gained by this approach.
Dynamics and complexity analysis of the conformable fractional‐order two‐machine interconnected power system
Authors: Yan Bo , He Shaobo
Published: November 2019

In this paper, based on the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) semi analytical solution algorithm, dynamics and complexity of the conformable fractional‐order two‐machine interconnected power system are investigated numerically by the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents (LEs), chaos diagram, and modified multiscale sample entropy (MM‐SampEn) algorithm separately. The results show that the system has rich dynamics. The angular instability is found and its frequency of occurrence can be judged by the number of scrolls of the chaotic attractor. The coexisting attractors are observed by changing the initial value and the reason is discussed. The high‐complexity region is determined, and MM‐SampEn complexity can indicate different coexisting attractors of the system. The research results in this paper lay a theoretical basis for the application of the conformable fractional‐order two‐machine interconnected power system.
Corrector estimates in homogenization of a nonlinear transmission problem for diffusion equations in connected domains
Authors: Kovtunenko Victor A. , Reichelt Sina , Zubkova Anna V.
Published: November 2019

This paper is devoted to the homogenization of a nonlinear transmission problem stated in a two‐phase domain. We consider a system of linear diffusion equations defined in a periodic domain consisting of two disjoint phases that are both connected sets separated by a thin interface. Depending on the field variables, at the interface, nonlinear conditions are imposed to describe interface reactions. In the variational setting of the problem, we prove the homogenization theorem and a bidomain averaged model. The periodic unfolding technique is used to obtain the residual error estimate with a first‐order corrector.
Study on the RBE estimation for carbon beam scanning irradiation using a solid‐state microdosimeter
Authors: Han Soorim , Yoo Seung Hoon , Shin Jae Ik , Kim Eun Ho , Jung Won‐Gyun , Kim Kum Bae , Matsumura Akihiko , Kanai Tatsuaki , Tran Linh T. , Chartier Lachlan , James Benjamin , Rosenfeld Anatoly B.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to study the field size effect on the estimated Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for carbon scanning beam irradiation.

Methods

A silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) microdosimeter system developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Australia, was used for lineal‐energy measurements (microdosimetric quantity). The RBE values were derived based on the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) at different depths in a water phantom in the scanning carbon beam for various scanned areas.

Results

Our study shows that the difference in RBE values derived from the SOI microdosimeter measurements with the MKM model and from the Treatment Planning System (TPS). The difference of the RBE values is within 6.5 % at the peak point of the spread‐out Bragg Peak (SOBP) region. Compared to the spot‐beam, RBE values obtained in the scanned‐beam with a larger scanned area of 1.0 × 1.0 cm2 have better agreement with which estimated by the TPS.

Conclusions

This study shows the possibility of using the SOI microdosimeter system as a quality assurance (QA) tool for RBE evaluation in carbon‐pencil beam scanning radiotherapy.
Modelling the poroelastoplastic behaviour of soils subjected to internal erosion by suffusion
Authors: Rousseau Quentin , Sciarra Giulio , Gelet Rachel , Marot Didier
Published: November 2019

Granular soils subjected to seepage flow may suffer suffusion, ie, a selective internal erosion. Extending the classical approach of poromechanics, we deduce a new form of the Clausius‐Duhem inequality accounting for dissipation due to suffusion, and we deduce restrictions on the constitutive laws of the soil. We suggest (a) a possible coupling between the seepage forces and the suffusion kinetics and (b) an extension of an existing elastoplastic model for the skeleton mechanical behaviour. Numerical integrations of the elastoplastic model are carried out under drained axisymmetric triaxial and oedometric conditions. As a result, we prove that the extended model is able to qualitatively reproduce the suffusion induced strains and the strength reduction experimentally observed. Predictions on the oedometric behaviour of suffusive soils are also provided.
An NMR based panorama of the heterogeneous biology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from the standpoint of metabolic biomarkers
Authors: Viswan Akhila , Singh Chandan , Kayastha Arvind M. , Azim Afzal , Sinha Neeraj
Published: November 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), manifested by intricate etiology and pathophysiology, demands careful clinical surveillance due to its high mortality and imminent life support measures. NMR based metabolomics provides an approach for ARDS which culminates from a wide spectrum of illness thereby confounding early manifestation and prognosis predictors. 1H NMR with its manifold applications in critical disease settings can unravel the biomarker of ARDS thus holding potent implications by providing surrogate endpoints of clinical utility. NMR metabolomics which is the current apogee platform of omics trilogy is contributing towards the possible panacea of ARDS by subsequent validation of biomarker credential on larger datasets. In the present review, the physiological derangements that jeopardize the whole metabolic functioning in ARDS are exploited and the biomarkers involved in progression are addressed and substantiated. The following sections of the review also outline the clinical spectrum of ARDS from the standpoint of NMR based metabolomics which is an emerging element of systems biology. ARDS is the main premise of intensivists textbook, which has been thoroughly reviewed along with its incidence, progressive stages of severity, new proposed diagnostic definition, and the preventive measures and the current pitfalls of clinical management. The advent of new therapies, the need for biomarkers, the methodology and the contemporary promising approaches needed to improve survival and address heterogeneity have also been evaluated. The review has been stepwise illustrated with potent biometrics employed to selectively pool out differential metabolites as diagnostic markers and outcome predictors. The following sections have been drafted with an objective to better understand ARDS mechanisms with predictive and precise biomarkers detected so far on the basis of underlying physiological parameters having close proximity to diseased phenotype. The aim of this review is to stimulate interest in conducting more studies to help resolve the complex heterogeneity of ARDS with biomarkers of clinical utility and relevance.
Balancing workload of nurses: Linear mixed effects modelling to estimate required nursing time on surgical wards
Authors: van den Oetelaar Wilhelmina Francisca Johanna Maria , van Rhenen Willem , Stellato Rebecca K. , Grolman Wilko
Published: November 2019

Aim

Quantifying the relation between patient characteristics and care time and explaining differences in nursing time between wards.

Design

Academic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15–30 beds, 2012–2014.

Methods

Linear mixed effects model to study the relation between patient characteristics and care time. Estimated marginal means to estimate baseline care time and differences between wards.

Results

Nine patient characteristics significantly related to care time. Most required between 18 and 35 min extra, except “two or more IV/drip/drain” (8) and “one‐on‐one care” (156). Care time for minimum patient profile: 44–57 min and for average patient profile: 75–88 min. Sources of variation: nurse proficiency, patients, day‐to‐day variation within patients. The set of characteristics is short, simple and useful for planning and comparing workload. Explained variance up to 36%. Calculating estimated means per ward has not been done before. Nurse proficiency is an important factor.
The relationship between cognitive perception of self‐concept and coping styles in heart failure patients
Authors: Amouzeshi Zahra , Safajou Farzaneh , Kazemi Tooba , Kianfar Sedigheh
Published: November 2019

Aim

To determine the relationship between self‐concept and coping styles in patients with heart failure in an Iranian population.

Design

This study had a correlational design.

Methods

In this study, 100 HF patients hospitalized in the CCU and cardiac ward of Vali‐Asr Hospital of Birjand, Iran were selected by convenience sampling method. Two validated and reliable questionnaires including Cognitive Perception of Self‐Concept and the Coping Styles questionnaires were completed by each patient.

Results

There were significant associations between emotion‐oriented and threat to self‐concept in total and physical sensation and self‐consistency dimensions. Also, a significant association was observed between avoidance‐oriented and threat to self‐concept in total and body sensation dimension (p < .05). There was no significant association between the problem‐oriented component and the threat to self‐concept in total and none of its dimensions. The challenge to self‐concept and its dimensions were not significantly related to any component of coping styles.
Palaeoenvironmental and hunting activity of the Upper Palaeolithic population in Western Transbaikalia: A case study on the Podzvonkaya Settlement, South Siberia
Authors: Antonova Yuliya E. , Tashak Vasiliy I. , Kobylkin Dmitrii V.
Published: November 2019

Paleontological data from Palaeolithic sites in the Transbaikal region are frequently interpreted from the viewpoint of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This research describes faunal material from one of the largest Initial Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Transbaikalia Podzvonkaya and the general characteristics of ancient human hunting activity there. The archaeological context of the faunal remains (located near hearths and in the kitchen midden) indicates the bones at the site are kitchen waste. The species composition indicates which species Podzvonkaya's inhabitants preferred to hunt. The largest number of remains belongs to horse, argali, bison, and Mongolian gazelle—animals that prefer open steppe and dry‐steppe landscapes. The results of a spore‐and‐pollen analysis of Podzvonkaya deposits reveal the domination of grass flora. The Tamir River valley could have been the habitat of the main target species, and ancient people probably hunted in the territory within the valley and in the valley's vicinity. Intraregional correlation with data on the species composition of the large mammals within other Palaeolithic remains of the Western Transbaikal region supports a conclusion regarding the identity of fauna at the final stage of the late Neopleistocene. Data from sites belonging to the same culture and period reveal identical prey lists, with certain preferences explained by site type (ie, long‐term base settlement or short‐term hunting camp).
Bioarchaeological investigation of an obstetric death at Huigou site (3900–2900 BC), Henan, China
Authors: Zhou Yawei , Zhang Ai , Garvie‐Lok Sandra , Gu Wanfa , Wang Chuanchao
Published: November 2019

Historical documents record that many young women died of pregnancy, delivery, or related complications. However, such cases are rare archaeologically due to the limitations of archaeological materials. Here, we report the case of an adult female buried with an infant in the Neolithic graveyard of Huigou (Yangshao Culture, 3900–2900 BCE) in China's Henan Province. The remains of the infant were positioned between the lower legs of the adult. Both appear to have died during or shortly after delivery, as the estimated age of the infant is full term. The adult female's pubic symphysis was unusually long compared with a modern Chinese reference sample, a trait that increases the risk of dystocia in modern clinical cases. The pelvis also shows a hyperplastic lesion on the superior margin of the pubic symphysis that might reflect a prior difficult birth that was survived. Taken together this evidence suggests a history of obstetric problems that ultimately led to the death of the woman and her last child. Our reconstruction offers a glimpse of an ancient life, suggesting the difficulties this woman suffered in childbirth before her death and illustrating the insights that osteology can offer into obstetric experiences in the past.
Preparation of a biodegradable superabsorbent polymer and measurements of changes in absorption properties depending on the type of surface‐crosslinker
Authors: Kim Yoo Jin , Hong Seok Ju , Shin Woo Seung , Kwon Yong Rok , Lim Seung Ho , Kim Hae Chan , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Jin Woong , Kim Dong Hyun
Published: November 2019

A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a special polymer material that can absorb up to 500 times its own weight of pure water, but has a problem that it does not biodegrade itself and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, we aim to prepare a biodegradable SAP by using biomass‐based IA. The SAP must be able to retain absorbed water and absorb water under a given pressure. We have carried out studies to improve the surface hardness of the SAP to enhance absorption of water under a given pressure by surface‐crosslinking. Four types of surface‐crosslinkers, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE), ethylene carbonate (EC), 1,4‐butanediol (BD), or glycerol, were used. We confirmed the water absorption capacity of the SAP by measuring its centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) and absorbency under load (AUL). The structural characteristics of the SAP were confirmed by attenuated total reflection (ATR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface characteristics were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Adolescent academic achievement: A model of social support and grit
Authors: Clark Kelly N. , Dorio Nicole B. , Eldridge Morgan A. , Malecki Christine K. , Demaray Michelle K.
Published: November 2019

Grit has been defined as passionate perseverance toward long‐term challenging goals and it is associated with various positive outcomes for youth, including academic achievement. However, less is known about these associations for the two facets of grit (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interest) and few studies have examined the link between grit and perceived social support. The present study examined the group‐level demographic differences (i.e., gender, grade, socioeconomic status, and special education status) of grit in a high school sample (N = 1,077). In addition, direct associations between grit and perceived social support from multiple sources (i.e., teacher, classmate, parent) were examined, as well as a potential enhancing effect of social support as a moderator of the relation between grit and academic achievement. Results indicated positive associations among grit and its facets with social support from parents and classmates. Furthermore, the positive relation between grit and achievement was stronger for students reporting high social support from teachers, but not other sources (i.e., classmates, parents). Practical and theoretical implications for promoting student success are discussed.
Use of antidepressants in women after prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy: A Danish national cohort study
Authors: Abildgaard Julie , Ahlström Magnus Glindvad , Nielsen Dorte Lisbeth , Daugaard Gedske , Lindegaard Birgitte , Obel Niels , Lidegaard Øjvind
Published: November 2019

Objective

To investigate the association between prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy and use of antidepressants in women with a family history of cancer.

Methods

Nationwide population‐based cohort study using Danish National Registries including women oophorectomized due to a family history of cancer (n = 2,002) and an age matched reference group (n = 18,018). Analyses were stratified by age at time of bilateral oophorectomy and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Results

Women oophorectomized at age ≤ 45 years were more likely to use antidepressants from the first year after bilateral oophorectomy (OR = 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.08‐1.65) compared to the reference group. Women oophorectomized at age 46‐55 years and at age >55 years had no significantly increased use of antidepressants (OR = 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.68‐1.18 and OR = 1.14; 95 % CI: 0.81‐1.61). The increased use of antidepressants in women oophorectomized at age ≤ 45 years was limited to women treated with HRT (OR = 1.51; 95 % CI: 1.18‐1.94) whereas women oophorectomized at age ≤ 45 years not treated with HRT had no increased use of antidepressants (OR = 1.03; 95 % CI: 0.70‐1.51).

Conclusions

Women oophorectomized due to a family history of cancer at age ≤ 45 years were more likely to use antidepressants after bilateral oophorectomy. The increased use of antidepressants was limited to women treated with HRT. The study calls for further large‐scale studies to understand how bilateral oophorectomy and concomitant HRT affects risk of depression in women with a family history of cancer.
Psychobehavioral risk factors for financial hardship and poor functional outcomes in survivors of multiple primary cancers
Authors: Belcher Sarah M. , Donovan Heidi S. , Bovbjerg Dana H. , Sherwood Paula R. , Campbell Grace B. , Sereika Susan M.
Published: November 2019

Objective

Survivors of multiple primary cancers (MPC) are at increased risk for poor health outcomes compared with survivors of single cancers. Using an adapted psychobehavioral stress‐response model, the study purpose was to identify pathways and individual risk factors associated with poor health outcomes in adults with MPC.

Methods

Adult MPC survivors (N = 211) with first cancers (stages I‐III) diagnosed within 1 to 10 years were recruited via tumor registry. Employing a cross‐sectional design, established questionnaires were used to operationalize patient characteristics and theoretical constructs including perceived stress, psychological and behavioral responses, financial hardship, social role function, and physical health. Disease and treatment data were obtained via registry and medical records. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to fit, test, and modify the hypothesized psychobehavioral model.

Results

Following measurement model refinement, an SEM linking self‐management behaviors, distress, financial hardship, and functional health demonstrated a good fit:χ2(200, N = 206) = 332.06,P< .01; Tucker‐Lewis index (TLI) = .95, comparative fit index (CFI) = .96, standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = .06, root‐mean‐square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .06. Less use of self‐management behaviors predicted higher distress which, in turn, predicted higher financial hardship; higher distress and financial hardship predicted poorer functional health. Several sociodemographic and personal factors predicted self‐management behaviors and distress.

Conclusions

The hypothesized stress‐response model was partially supported. Data supported pathways among self‐management behaviors, distress, financial hardship, and functional health. Self‐management and distress may represent modifiable intervention targets for MPC survivors. High body mass index (BMI), less education, greater neuroticism, and lower social support were associated with less use of self‐management behaviors and higher distress and should be further evaluated as potential markers of vulnerability.
Transnational migrants in Shanghai: residential spatial patterns and the underlying driving forces
Authors: Wang Chunlan , Li Chen , Wang Mark , Yang Shangguang
Published: November 2019

With a remarkably increasing number of transnational migrants settling down in China, their residential spatial distributions in Chinese cities have drawn significant academic attention. This paper investigates recent residential spatial patterns of transnational migrants in Shanghai and the underlying driving forces behind such choices. Based on China's sixth population census and our 30 focus group interviews in 30 neighbourhood committees, this paper finds that comparing with it in the semi‐colonial period, Mao's era and the early stages of China's economic reform, transnational migrants' residential spatial patterns in recent times in Shanghai are dispersed in every corner rather than concentrated in specific areas such as the old settlement sites and foreign expert buildings. The paper explains that such residential spatial fragmentation is largely driven by the combined forces of a neoliberal approach in the unique urban political economy in China, globalisation development, individual socioeconomic and demographic concerns and cultural factors.
Multiwavelength Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Study of Graphene Synthesized on Si(100) and SiO2 by Microwave Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Meškinis Šarūnas , Gudaitis Rimantas , Vasiliauskas Andrius , Tamulevičius Sigitas , Niaura Gediminas
Published: November 2019

Herein, multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy studies of graphene samples synthesized directly on SiO2 and Si(100) substrates by microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW PECVD), using five different excitation wavelengths in ultraviolet (UV), visible light, and near‐infrared (NIR) ranges, are presented paying attention to the peculiarities of the spectra. Raman spectra parameters are analyzed to reveal effects of the excitation wavelength. Structural features of graphene directly synthesized on SiO2 and Si(100) are discussed. Analysis of the interdependences of various Raman spectra parameters reveals that the most informative spectra are recorded using 532 nm wavelength excitation. Examination of the full width at half maximum values of G band (FWHM(G)) reveals that the graphene layers synthesized on Si(100) substrate consist of smaller crystallites comparing with SiO2 substrate.
Hydrophobic Polymer Encapsulation Effects on Subgap Density of States in Multilayered Molybdenum Disulfide Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Choi Sungju , Seo Seung Gi , Yu Hye Ri , Kim Seung Yeob , Kim Dae Hwan , Jin Sung Hun
Published: November 2019

Herein, exfoliated, multilayered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) (m‐MoS2) field‐effect transistors (FETs) are implemented with bilayered SiNx/SiOx gate dielectrics on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. For a quantitative understanding on gas adsorption effects on the electrical performance of m‐MoS2 FETs, subgap density of states (DOSs) in m‐MoS2 layers without (or with) hydrophobic polymer encapsulation are extracted using optical charge‐pumping capacitance–voltage spectroscopy. Based on extracted subgap DOSs and their deconvolution with analytical model of acceptor (or donor) like states, all electrical parameters are systematically analyzed. More importantly, two times increase in field‐effect mobility (μFE) is strongly related with decrease in shallow donor states (NSD) from 2 × 1018 to 2 × 1017 eV−1 cm−3. In addition, significant improvement of subthreshold swing (SS), hysteresis gap (VHYS) are attributed to the reduction of tail states (NTA) from 4 × 1019 to 2 × 1019 eV−1 cm−3, along with decrease in midgap states (NMid) from 3 × 1016 to 1.3 × 1016 eV−1 cm−3. For a final validation, technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation with extracted DOS information nicely replicate measured I–V characteristics for m‐MoS2 FETs without (or with) encapsulation, indicating that extracted DOS information is quite accurate, compared with implemented m‐MoS2 FETs.
Limitations of ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry for the relative quantification of architectural isomeric polymers: A case study
Authors: Liénard Romain , Duez Quentin , Grayson Scott M. , Gerbaux Pascal , Coulembier Olivier , De Winter Julien
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Since their discovery, cyclic polymers have attracted great interest because of their unique properties. Today, the preparation of these macrocyclic structures still remains a challenge for polymer chemists, and most of the preparation pathways lead to an inescapable contamination by linear by‐products. As the properties of the polymers are closely related to their structure, it is of prime importance to be able to assess the architectural purity of a sample.

Methods

In this work, the suitability of ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) for the quantification of two isomers was investigated. A cyclic poly(L‐lactide) was prepared through photodimerization of its linear homologue. Since IMS‐MS can be used to differentiate cyclic polymer ions from their linear analogues because of their more compact three‐dimensional conformation, the present work envisaged the use of IMS‐MS for the quantification of residual linear polymers within the cyclic polymer sample.

Results

Using the standard addition method to plot calibration curves, the fraction of linear contaminants in the sample was determined. By doing so, unrealistically high values of contamination were measured.

Conclusions

These results were explained by an ionization efficiency issue. This work underlines some intrinsic limitations when using IMS‐MS in the context of the relative quantification of isomers having different ionization efficiencies. Nevertheless, the linear‐to‐cyclic ratio can be roughly estimated by this method.
Containment control for distributed networks subject to multiplicative and additive noises with stochastic approximation–type protocols
Authors: Du Yingxue , Wang Yijing , Zuo Zhiqiang , Zhang Wentao
Published: November 2019

This paper is concerned with the stochastic containment control problem for distributed network with multiplicative and additive noises, in which the stochastic approximation technique is utilized. A major challenge, compared with the existing results with multiplicative and additive noises, is that the involving leaders are dynamically changing. It is shown that finite boundedness for dynamical leaders is of great importance for addressing the stochastic containment control issue. A suitable approach is proposed to handle multiplicative and additive noises based on the stochastic approximation, and some necessary/sufficient conditions are derived for mean square convergence with mild requirements. Furthermore, the convergence rates are studied for both dynamical leaders and static leaders scenarios. We conclude this paper by using two illustrative examples to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Investigation on the Influence of Sc Ions Doping on the Structure and Performance of Ta3N5 Photocatalyst for Water Oxidation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Cui Junyan , Luo Yanpei , Dong Beibei , Qi Yu , Jia Mingjun , Zhang Fuxiang , Li Can
Published: November 2019

A tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) photocatalyst with a bandgap of 2.1 eV and theoretical solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 15.9% is an extremely promising candidate for solar water splitting, but its intrinsic/extrinsic structure properties such as existence of reduced tantalum species render its present performance to be far from theoretical expectation. Herein, an attempt is made to adopt foreign Sc atoms with similar ionic radius to Ta atoms to modulate the structure and photocatalytic property of Ta3N5. Based on detailed characterizations, the partial lattice substitution of Sc to Ta atoms is revealed to be feasible to well inhibit the formation of defect sites and favor enhancement of charge separation and transfer ability. In addition, the Sc ions doping has an unobvious effect on the morphology and size of Ta3N5 as well as bandgap structure. Resulting from the promoted charge separation caused by Sc doping and promoted surface catalysis caused by loading of the CoOx cocatalyst, the photocatalytic water oxidation activity of Ta3N5 can be promoted by about one order. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the Sc ions doping strategy in improving the structure and performance of Ta3N5, as is expected to be extended to other systems.
Reformulating ‘Holism' in hydropower decision‐making
Authors: Kang Kenneth
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the necessary‐impossible paradox facing hydropower decision‐makers of the Mekong River Commission: that aspiring towards a holistic risk assessment is both socially useful and necessary, but also meaningless and impossible (because the future remains unknown). The thesis here is that to come to terms with this paradox, a Luhmannian inspired relational model offers superior analytical tools compared with an Aristotelian essentialist approach. This is because where the latter typically employs integrative approaches which attempt to show why through rational reasoning risk assessments are holistic, the former takes into account that holistic risk assessments are contingent on the observer, on an organisation's position within a network, and on the ‘temporal atoms' that mark the ‘time' of social systems. By employing a relational framework comprised ofvariation,selectionandretentionto capture this comparative sociology of the observer, the contribution here offers a radical reformulation of holism in hydropower decision‐making.
Time‐dependent material properties and reinforced beams behavior of two alkali‐activated types of concrete
Authors: Prinsse Silke , Hordijk Dick A. , Ye Guang , Lagendijk Paul , Luković Mladena
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an experimental study on the development of material properties over time (up to around 2 years) and the structural behavior of reinforced beams, for two types of alkali‐activated concrete (AAC). Compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting strength, elastic modulus, and flexural behavior of reinforced beams are investigated. Tested material properties of AAC are compared with the properties of conventional concrete, as predicted by Eurocode. For the mixes of AAC and the conventional concretes with the same 28 days compressive strength, flexural and tensile splitting strength at 28 days are found to be similar, whereas the elastic moduli of AAC mixtures is up to 30% lower than those of conventional concrete. Related to the long term behavior, after 28 days moist‐curing and subsequently exposing AAC specimens to laboratory conditions (50% RH/20°C), a reduction of flexural strength, tensile splitting strength and elastic modulus, is observed. Structural behavior of the reinforced AAC beams in four‐point bending test seems not to be affected significantly by the observed decrease in material properties, and is found to be similar to that of conventional concrete beams. The acquired results indicate that the observed decrease of material properties over time might be related to drying (moisture loss). However, more research is needed to understand the phenomenon, especially related to the aimed structural application and safe upscaling of AAC.
Mode decomposition approach in robust control design for horizontal axis wind turbines
Authors: Poureh Ali , Nobakhti Amin
Published: November 2019

A robust multivariable strategy for pitch and torque control design of variable‐speed variable‐pitch wind turbines in the full load region is introduced in this paper. The pitch and torque control loops that share the tracking and active damping of drivetrain torsional mode objectives are designed simultaneously using a novel decomposition scheme. This permits the systematic design of robust multivariable controllers for wind turbines in a manner that facilitates industrial application. We achieve this by making the process of weighting function design fast, intuitive, and simple and by giving the designer a clear insight on the compromising aspects of the various control system objectives. FAST simulation is used to demonstrate application of the method.
Synthesis of the Cyclic Group 13 Phosphinidenides [(NHC)PMCl2]2 (NHC = SIMes, SIDipp; M = Al, Ga)
Authors: Balmer Markus , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: November 2019

The N‐heterocyclic carbene stabilized phosphinidenides (SIMes)PK [SIMes = 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolidine‐2‐ylidene] and (SIDipp)PK [SIDipp = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine‐2‐ylidene] were used as precursors in salt elimination reactions with MCl3 (M = Al, Ga) in order to obtain new group 13 phosphinidenide compounds. The new compounds [(NHC)PMCl2]2 (NHC = SIMes, SIDipp; M = Al, Ga) exhibit dimerization in solid state as well as in solution and show different shapes of the central M2P2 cycle (butterfly or nearly square planar conformation) in solid state, depending on the size of the NHC ligand bound to the phosphorus atom.
ABJM quantum spectral curve at twist 1: algorithmic perturbative solution
Authors: Lee R.N. , Onishchenka A.I.
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We present an algorithmic perturbative solution of ABJM quantum spectral curve at twist 1 in sl (2) sector for arbitrary spin values, which can be applied to, in principle, arbitrary order of perturbation theory. We determined the class of functions- products of rational functions in spectral parameter with sums of Baxter polynomials and Hurwitz functions - closed under elementary operations, such as shifts and partial fractions, as well as differentiation. It turns out, that this class of functions is also sufficient for finding solutions of inhomogeneous Baxter equations involved. For the latter purpose we present recursive construction of the dictionary for the solutions of Baxter equations for given inhomogeneous parts. As an application of the proposed method we present the computation of anomalous dimensions of twist 1 operators at six loop order. There is still a room for improvements of the proposed algorithm related to the simplifications of arising sums. The advanced techniques for their reduction to the basis of generalized harmonic sums will be the subject of subsequent paper. We expect this method to be generalizable to higher twists as well as to other theories, such as $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM.
Duality walls in the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SU(N) gauge theory with 2N flavours
Authors: Garozzo Ivan , Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo
Published: November 2019

Abstract

S-duality domain walls are extended objects in supersymmetric gauge theories with several rich physical properties. This paper focuses on 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories associated with S-duality walls in the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(N ) gauge theory with 2N flavours. The theories associated with multiple duality walls are constructed by gluing together a basic building block, which is the theory associated with a single duality wall. We propose the prescription for gluing many copies of such a basic building block together as well as present the prescription for self-gluing. A number of dualities between such theories are discovered and studied using the supersymmetric index. This work generalises the notion of the S-fold theory, which has been so far studied extensively in the context of duality walls in the 4d super-Yang-Mills theory, to the theory with lower amounts of supersymmetry.
High prevalence of hip and groin problems in professional ice hockey players, regardless of playing position
Authors: Wörner Tobias , Thorborg Kristian , Eek Frida
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The prevalence of hip and groin problems in professional male ice hockey is unknown and suspected to differ between playing positions. The purpose of this study was to explore potential differences in the seasonal prevalence of hip and groin problems between playing positions in male elite ice hockey players and to explore the relationship between symptom duration and hip and groin function at the beginning of the new season.

Methods

Male ice hockey players [n = 329 (92 goalkeepers, 93 defensemen, 144 forwards), Mean age (SD): 24 (5)] from the professional leagues in Sweden responded to an online survey. The survey assessed presence of hip and groin problems (time loss and non-time loss) and symptom duration (categorized into 0, 1–6, or > 6 weeks) in the previous season, and current self-reported hip and groin function (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score).

Results

During the previous season, 175 players (53.2%) had experienced hip and groin problems. Non time loss problems were experienced by 158 (48%) and time loss problems were experienced by 97 (29.5%) players. No significant differences between playing positions were found. Self-reported function differed significantly between players with different symptom duration and more disability was reported among players with longer symptom duration (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusion

Regardless of playing position, hip and groin problems were prevalent in male ice hockey players. Players with hip and groin problems during the previous season had significantly worse hip and groin function in the beginning of the new season, and longer symptom duration was associated with more disability.

Level of evidence

III