bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary interventions on depressive symptom profiles: results from the MooDFOOD depression prevention study
Authors: Vreijling Sarah R. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Bot Mariska , Watkins Ed , Owens Matthew , Kohls Elisabeth , Hegerl Ulrich , Roca Miquel , Gili Margalida , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , Visser Marjolein , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Jansen Rick , Lamers Femke
Published: April 2021

Background

Dietary interventions did not prevent depression onset nor reduced depressive symptoms in a large multi-center randomized controlled depression prevention study (MooDFOOD) involving overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We conducted follow-up analyses to investigate whether dietary interventions differ in their effects on depressive symptom profiles (mood/cognition; somatic; atypical, energy-related).

Methods

Baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up data from MooDFOOD were used (n= 933). Participants received (1) placebo supplements, (2) food-related behavioral activation (F-BA) therapy with placebo supplements, (3) multi-nutrient supplements (omega-3 fatty acids and a multi-vitamin), or (4) F-BA therapy with multi-nutrient supplements. Depressive symptom profiles were based on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.

Results

F-BA therapy was significantly associated with decreased severity of the somatic (B= −0.03,p= 0.014,d= −0.10) and energy-related (B= −0.08,p= 0.001,d= −0.13), but not with the mood/cognition symptom profile, whereas multi-nutrient supplementation was significantly associated with increased severity of the mood/cognition (B= 0.05,p= 0.022,d= 0.09) and the energy-related (B= 0.07,p= 0.002,d= 0.12) but not with the somatic symptom profile.

Conclusions

Differentiating depressive symptom profiles indicated that food-related behavioral interventions are most beneficial to alleviate somatic symptoms and symptoms of the atypical, energy-related profile linked to an immuno-metabolic form of depression, although effect sizes were small. Multi-nutrient supplements are not indicated to reduce depressive symptom profiles. These findings show that attention to clinical heterogeneity in depression is of importance when studying dietary interventions.
Whose Landscape Is It? Remapping Memory and History in Interwar Central Europe
Authors: Veszprémi Nóra
Published: April 2021

After the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the sanctioning of new national borders in 1920, the successor states faced the controversial task of reconceptualizing the idea of national territory. Images of historically significant landscapes played a crucial role in this process. Employing the concept of mental maps, this article explores how such images shaped the connections between place, memory, and landscape in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Hungarian revisionist publications demonstrate how Hungarian nationalists visualized the organic integrity of “Greater Hungary,” while also implicitly adapting historical memory to the new geopolitical situation. As a counterpoint, images of the Váh region produced in interwar Czechoslovakia reveal how an opposing political agenda gave rise to a different imagery, while drawing on shared cultural traditions from the imperial past. Finally, the case study of Dévény/Devín/Theben shows how the idea of being positioned “between East and West” lived on in overlapping but politically opposed mental maps in the interwar period. By examining the cracks and continuities in the picturesque landscape tradition after 1918, the article offers new insight into the similarities and differences of nation-building processes from the perspective of visual culture.
Differential molecular and hormonal changes in oocytes, granulosa cells and follicular fluid of pregnant and non-pregnant camels
Authors: Fawzy Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Sally , Mahmoud Karima , Heleil Bassiouni A. , Ismail I. El-Kon , Almadaly Essam A. , El-Magd Mohammed A. , Ramoun Adel A.
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to compare the expression of genes regulating follicles development, survival and steroid hormones secretion in oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) and study the correlation between their expression and follicular fluid (FF) levels of progesterone (P4) in pregnant and non-pregnant camels. In total, 138 ovarian pairs from slaughtered camels were used. Gene expression and hormonal assay were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The obtained results revealed that the number of follicles (3–8 mm) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. P4 level in the FF was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. However, no significant (P > 0.05) difference was noticed in the oestradiol (E2) level. STAR, PTEN, IGF1 and BCL2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in GCs and significantly lower in oocytes of pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. However, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA level was significantly lower in GCs and oocytes, and the BMP15 mRNA level was significantly lower in oocytes of pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. P4 level in FF was positively correlated with STAR, PTEN, IGF1 and BCL2 mRNA levels in GCs and negatively correlated with BMP15 mRNA levels in oocytes and FSHR mRNA levels in GCs and oocytes of pregnant camels. It could be concluded that pregnancy-induced variations in oocytes and GC expression of BMP15, IGF1, FSHR, STAR, BCL2, and PTEN genes might be associated with a decrease in the number of follicles and an increase in the FF level of P4.
Plate‐Boundary Kinematics of the Afrera Linkage Zone (Afar) From InSAR and Seismicity
Authors: La Rosa Alessandro , Pagli Carolina , Wang Hua , Doubre Cecile , Leroy Sylvie , Sani Federico , Corti Giacomo , Ayele Atalay , Keir Derek
Published: April 2021

Studying the mechanisms of interaction between rift segments is key to understanding the kinematics of plate boundaries in continental rifts. However, the spatial and temporal evolution of deformation at rift linkage zones is rarely observed directly. Here, we combine InSAR data spanning 2005–2010 and 2014–2019 from ENVISAT and Sentinel‐1 satellites, respectively, with local seismicity from the Afar rift to investigate the plate‐boundary kinematics of the Afrera linkage zone, the junction between the Erta Ale and Tat Ali magmatic segments in Northern Afar (Ethiopia). We obtain time‐series of cumulative InSAR Line‐Of‐Sight (LOS) displacements that show deformation is accommodated by a series of active en‐echelon faults striking ∼NS and characterized by normal slip associated with a left‐lateral strike‐slip component. Additionally, we observe spatial variation in fault behavior with stick‐slip and creep. The faults in the center of the linkage zone behave primarily in a stick‐slip mode (with abrupt fault displacements up to ∼40 mm) and fault motions are associated with earthquakes of ML > 5. Conversely, faults at the edge of the linkage zone, near the magmatic segments, show creep and some stick‐slip behavior (with cumulative LOS displacement up to ∼30–40 mm over a ∼5‐year period) accompanied by low‐level seismicity. Some of the creeping faults are also spatially associated with hydrothermal springs. We interpret that the temporal behavior of the faults in the linkage zone is controlled by the interplay between tectonic extension, high heat flows, and fluid circulation near the magmatic segments where creeping of some faults is favored.
Abnormal Phase Structure of Thermal Tides During Major Dust Storms on Mars: Implications for the Excitation Source of High‐altitude Water Ice Clouds
Authors: Wu Zhaopeng , Li Tao , Li Jing , Zhang Xi , Yang Chengyun , Cui Jun
Published: April 2021

Interactions among the thermal tide, airborne dust, and water ice clouds significantly influence the Martian atmosphere. The absence of a stratosphere on Mars allows easier identification of the thermal tides from observational data than that on Earth, making Mars a natural laboratory to study the tidal excitation and propagation processes. However, the global tidal phase structure and its response to the tidal excitation sources on Mars have not been studied from observations. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the phase structure of migrating diurnal tide (DW1) using multi‐local‐time observations of the Mars Climate Sounder. The DW1 phase at low‐to‐mid latitudes shows a downward phase progression, which indicates upward tidal energy and momentum propagation throughout the year but with an apparent hemispheric asymmetry. The entire DW1 phase structure rises and falls with the dust height at the southern mid‐latitudes suggesting a modulation of vertical dust extent on the altitude of the excitation source. During major regional dust storms, the DW1 phase propagates anomalously upward from 10 to 1 Pa in the Southern hemisphere. The Hough analysis suggests that the DW1 in the dust layer can only propagate upward to 10 Pa while the downward propagating mode above 10 Pa may be excited from a high‐altitude source. Evidence suggests that the enhanced high‐altitude water ice clouds could be a potential excitation source for these downward propagating tidal modes. These findings demonstrate how thermal tides can locally behave like inertia‐gravity waves and the importance of water ice clouds to Martian atmospheric dynamics.
Connecting Hydrometeorological Processes to Low‐Probability Floods in the Mountainous Colorado Front Range
Authors: Yu Guo , Wright Daniel B. , Holman Kathleen D.
Published: April 2021

Estimating the probabilities of rare floods in mountainous watersheds is challenging due to the hydrometeorological complexity of seasonally varying snowmelt and soil moisture dynamics, as well as spatiotemporal variability in extreme precipitation. Design storm methods and statistical flood frequency analyses often overlook these complexities and how they shape the probabilities of rare floods. This study presents a process‐based approach that combines gridded precipitation, stochastic storm transposition (SST), and physics‐based distributed rainfall‐runoff modeling to simulate flood peak and volume distributions up to the 10,000‐year recurrence interval and to provide insights into the hydrometeorological drivers of those events. The approach is applied to a small mountainous watershed in the Colorado Front Range in the United States. We show that storm transposition in the Front Range can be justified under existing definitions of regional precipitation homogeneity. The process‐based results show close agreement with a statistically based mixture distribution that considers underlying flood drivers. We further demonstrate that antecedent conditions and snowmelt drive frequent peak discharges and rarer flood volumes, while the upper tail of the flood peak distribution appears to be controlled by heavy rainfall and rain‐on‐snow. In particular, we highlight the important role of early fall extreme rainfall in controlling rare flood peaks (but not volumes), despite only one such event having been observed in recent decades. Notwithstanding issues related to the accuracy of gridded precipitation datasets, these findings highlight the potential of SST and process‐based modeling to help understand the relationships between flood drivers and flood frequencies.
A perspective on corrosion of multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Birbilis N. , Choudhary S. , Scully J. R. , Taheri M. L.
Published: April 2021

Metallic alloys are critical to essentially all advanced technologies and engineered systems. The well-documented impact of corrosion (and oxidation) of alloys, remains a significant industrial and economic challenge, year on year. Recent activity in the field of metallurgy has revealed a class of metallic alloys, termed multi principal element alloys (MPEAs) that present unique physical properties. Such MPEAs have in many instances also demonstrated a high resistance to corrosion – which may permit the broader use of MPEAs as corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) in harsh environments. Herein, the progress in MPEA research to date, along with prospects and challenges, are concisely reviewed—with potential future lines of research elaborated.
A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia
Authors: Prüfer Kay , Posth Cosimo , Yu He , Stoessel Alexander , Spyrou Maria A. , Deviese Thibaut , Mattonai Marco , Ribechini Erika , Higham Thomas , Velemínský Petr , Brůžek Jaroslav , Krause Johannes
Published: April 2021

Modern humans expanded into Eurasia more than 40,000 years ago following their dispersal out of Africa. These Eurasians carried ~2–3% Neanderthal ancestry in their genomes, originating from admixture with Neanderthals that took place sometime between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, probably in the Middle East. In Europe, the modern human expansion preceded the disappearance of Neanderthals from the fossil record by 3,000–5,000 years. The genetic makeup of the first Europeans who colonized the continent more than 40,000 years ago remains poorly understood since few specimens have been studied. Here, we analyse a genome generated from the skull of a female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. Her genome carries ~3% Neanderthal ancestry, similar to those of other Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. However, the lengths of the Neanderthal segments are longer than those observed in the currently oldest modern human genome of the ~45,000-year-old Ust’-Ishim individual from Siberia, suggesting that this individual from Zlatý kůň is one of the earliest Eurasian inhabitants following the expansion out of Africa.
Target familiarity and visual working memory do not influence familiarity effect in visual search
Authors: Guo Zhihan , Niu Maolong , Wang Qi
Published: April 2021

Familiarity effect refers to the phenomenon that searching for a novel target among familiar distractors is more efficient than that searching for a familiar target among novel distractors. While the familiarity of distractors is considered as a key role on familiarity effect, the familiarity of targets contribute to this asymmetric visual search is unclear. The present study investigated how target familiarity influences visual search efficiency from the perspective of perceptual load. Experiment 1 using two similar Chinese characters (“甲” and “由”) suggested that searching for a familiar target from familiar distractors is an inefficient search process in Chinese context. Experiment 2 adopted a dual-task paradigm with a visual working memory task to increase the perceptual load and attempt to affect the efficiency of searching a novel target (mirrored “舌”) from familiar distractors (“舌”). Results demonstrated no difference in the search efficiency between single and dual-task conditions. The present study suggests that the familiarity of target does not influence the search efficiency with familiar distractors when involving semantic processing of Chinese characters. Additionally, the interference of extra working memory load would not impair the efficiency of searching target among familiar distractors, supporting the critical effect of distractor familiarity on the efficiency of visual search.
Cooper Pairs Distribution function for bcc Niobium under pressure from first-principles
Authors: González-Pedreros G. I. , Camargo-Martínez J. A. , Mesa F.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we report Cooper Pairs Distribution function $${D}_{cp}(\omega ,{T}_{c})$$

D

cp

(
ω
,

T
c

)

for bcc Niobium under pressure. This function reveals information about the superconductor state through the determination of the spectral regions for Cooper-pairs formation. $${D}_{cp}(\omega ,{T}_{c})$$

D

cp

(
ω
,

T
c

)

is built from the well-established Eliashberg spectral function and phonon density of states, calculated by first-principles. $${D}_{cp}(\omega ,{T}_{c})$$

D

cp

(
ω
,

T
c

)

for Nb suggests that the low-frequency vibration region $$\left(\omega <6 \,{\text{meV}}\right)$$

ω
<
6

meV

is where Cooper-pairs are possible. From $${D}_{cp}(\omega ,{T}_{c})$$

D

cp

(
ω
,

T
c

)

, it is possible to obtain the $${N}_{cp}$$

N

cp

parameter, which is proportional to the total number of Cooper-Pairs formed at a temperature $${T}_{c}$$

T
c

. The $${N}_{cp}$$

N

cp

parameter allows an approach to the understanding of the Nb $${T}_{c}$$

T
c

anomalies, measured around 5 and 50 GPa.
Author Correction: Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage
Authors: Kaewpila Chatchai , Gunun Pongsatorn , Kesorn Piyawit , Subepang Sayan , Thip‑uten Suwit , Cai Yimin , Pholsen Suradej , Cherdthong Anusorn , Khota Waroon
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Development of a novel risk score to predict mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19
Authors: Gue Ying X. , Tennyson Maria , Gao Jovia , Ren Shuhui , Kanji Rahim , Gorog Diana A.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning in medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Ravi , Sounderajah Viknesh , Martin Guy , Ting Daniel S. W. , Karthikesalingam Alan , King Dominic , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: April 2021

Deep learning (DL) has the potential to transform medical diagnostics. However, the diagnostic accuracy of DL is uncertain. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DL algorithms to identify pathology in medical imaging. Searches were conducted in Medline and EMBASE up to January 2020. We identified 11,921 studies, of which 503 were included in the systematic review. Eighty-two studies in ophthalmology, 82 in breast disease and 115 in respiratory disease were included for meta-analysis. Two hundred twenty-four studies in other specialities were included for qualitative review. Peer-reviewed studies that reported on the diagnostic accuracy of DL algorithms to identify pathology using medical imaging were included. Primary outcomes were measures of diagnostic accuracy, study design and reporting standards in the literature. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. In ophthalmology, AUC’s ranged between 0.933 and 1 for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma on retinal fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography. In respiratory imaging, AUC’s ranged between 0.864 and 0.937 for diagnosing lung nodules or lung cancer on chest X-ray or CT scan. For breast imaging, AUC’s ranged between 0.868 and 0.909 for diagnosing breast cancer on mammogram, ultrasound, MRI and digital breast tomosynthesis. Heterogeneity was high between studies and extensive variation in methodology, terminology and outcome measures was noted. This can lead to an overestimation of the diagnostic accuracy of DL algorithms on medical imaging. There is an immediate need for the development of artificial intelligence-specific EQUATOR guidelines, particularly STARD, in order to provide guidance around key issues in this field.
Mechanical homeostasis of liver sinusoid is involved in the initiation and termination of liver regeneration
Authors: Ishikawa Jun , Takeo Makoto , Iwadate Ayako , Koya Junko , Kihira Miho , Oshima Masamitsu , Suzuki Yuki , Taniguchi Kazushi , Kobayashi Ayaka , Tsuji Takashi
Published: April 2021

Organogenesis and regeneration are fundamental for developmental progress and are associated with morphogenesis, size control and functional properties for whole-body homeostasis. The liver plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis of the entire body through various functions, including metabolic functions, detoxification, and production of bile, via the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of hepatic lobules and has high regenerative capacity. The regeneration occurs as hypertrophy, which strictly controls the size and lobule structure. In this study, we established a three-dimensional sinusoidal network analysis method and determined valuable parameters after partial hepatectomy by comparison to the static phase of the liver. We found that mechanical homeostasis, which is crucial for organ morphogenesis and functions in various phenomena, plays essential roles in liver regeneration for both initiation and termination of liver regeneration, which is regulated by cytokine networks. Mechanical homeostasis plays critical roles in the initiation and termination of organogenesis, tissue repair and organ regeneration in coordination with cytokine networks.
A facile polymer mediated dye incorporation method for fluorescence encoded microbeads with large encoding capacities
Authors: Masoomi Hajar , Wang Yao , Chen Cang , Zhang Jiayu , Ge Yunfei , Guo Qingsheng , Gu Hongchen , Xu Hong
Published: April 2021

A facile and universal dye incorporation method for fluorescence encoded microbeads via the polymer mediated approach is proposed.
Large piezoelectric and thermal expansion coefficients with negative Poisson's ratio in strain-modulated tellurene
Authors: Sachdeva Parrydeep Kaur , Gupta Shuchi , Bera Chandan
Published: April 2021

2D tellurene monolayer exhibits excellent piezoelectric properties and an anomalous negative Poisson's ratio under the effect of strain. Tellurene having puckered structure has a large temperature dependent expansion.
Real-time surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based live cell monitoring of the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential
Authors: Lee Ji Hye , Shin Hyeon Jeong , Kim Yong Duk , Lim Dong-Kwon
Published: April 2021

Au nanoparticle and surface-enhanced Raman scattering enabled the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential to be monitored in real time, which can be utilized to screen potential drug candidates and to study unknown cell biology.
Impact of exogenous metal ions on peri-implant bone metabolism: a review
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Wen-qing , Qiu Jing
Published: April 2021

The development of effective methods to promote the osseointegration of dental implants by surface modification is an area of intense research in dental materials science.
Intermolecular difunctionalization of alkenes: synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides
Authors: Azizi Bayan , Poor Heravi Mohammad Reza , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Ebadi Abdolghaffar , Vessally Esmail
Published: April 2021

This review provides a concise overview of the synthesis of biologically and synthetically important β-hydroxy sulfides through the direct hydroxysulfenylation of the respective alkenes.
Elongation and percolation of defect motifs in anisotropic packing problems
Authors: Xie Zhaoyu , Atherton Timothy J.
Published: April 2021

We connect the elongation of defect motifs due to particle anisotropy with the percolation universality class.
Electrochemiluminescent screening for methamphetamine metabolites
Authors: Dokuzparmak Emre , Brown Kelly , Dennany Lynn
Published: April 2021

The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is to date detected and subsequently verified through the monitoring of MA and its metabolites within biological specimens.
Characterization of a liquid-core waveguide cell for studying the chemistry of light-induced degradation
Authors: Groeneveld Iris , Schoemaker Suzan E. , Somsen Govert W. , Ariese Freek , van Bommel Maarten R.
Published: April 2021

A gas permeable liquid core waveguide (LCW) was successfully used for the simulation and in situ spectroscopic analysis of the photodegradation processes of the two dyes crystal violet and eosin Y.
Substantial and stable magnetoresistance and spin conductance in phosphorene-based spintronic devices with Co electrodes
Authors: Chen Zhao , Li Guojun , Wang Haidi , Tang Qiong , Li ZhongJun
Published: April 2021

Phosphorene-based device with fcc Co(111) electrodes shows excellent spin transport characteristics: large tunnel magnetoresistance ratio and stable spin injection efficiency.
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatments for biomass valorisation: a critical review
Authors: Gao Yang , Remón Javier , Matharu Avtar S.
Published: April 2021

This critical review summarises and analyses all the work conducted to date on the use of microwave-assisted hydrothermal processes for the conversion of biomass into hydrochar, bio-crude (bio-oil) and valuable chemicals.
Ruddlesden Popper 2D perovskites as Li-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Mathieson Angus , Rahil Mohammad , Zhang Youcheng , Dose Wesley M. , Lee Jung Tae , Deschler Felix , Ahmad Shahab , De Volder Michael
Published: April 2021

The electrochemical performance of 2-dimensional hybrid perovskite electrodes for Li-ion batteries are investigated using a high-molarity electrolyte. The effect of changing the halide content and layering structure is systematically explored.
Carbon-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for efficient removal of inorganic and organic based water contaminants – unravelling the adsorption mechanism
Authors: Kundu Sukanya , Naskar Milan Kanti
Published: April 2021

Carbon-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite with surface area 758–477 m2 g−1 shows efficient removal of As(v), F−, Fe(ii)/Fe(iii), MB and MO.
Design of a fluorescent and clickable Ag38(SRN3)24 nanocluster platform: synthesis, modeling and self-assembling
Authors: Campi Gaetano , Suber Lorenza , Righi Giuliana , Primitivo Ludovica , De Angelis Martina , Caschera Daniela , Pilloni Luciano , Del Giudice Alessandra , Palma Amedeo , Satta Mauro , Fortunelli Alessandro , Sementa Luca
Published: April 2021

Fluorescent Ag38(SRN3)24 nanoclusters with the novel presence of terminal azido groups for easily “click”-binding a wide set of molecular species and their self-assembling in lamellar and hexagonal superstructures permeated by nanoregion defects.
Size-controlled synthesis of cyclodextrin-capped gold nanoparticles for molecular recognition using surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Saito Koichiro , McGehee Keegan , Norikane Yasuo
Published: April 2021

Increased surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity and molecular-selective sensing were achieved by size-controlled synthesis of cyclodextrin-protected gold nanoparticles.
Visualising lignin quantitatively in plant cell walls by micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Xun
Published: April 2021

Lignin content in different cell wall layers was determined by micro-Raman spectroscopy.
The guest polymer effect on the dissolution of drug–polymer crystalline inclusion complexes
Authors: Chen Lu , Huang Yanbin
Published: April 2021

Guest polymers have significant influence on the dissolution of drug–polymer inclusion complex crystals.
Boron nitride-based nanocomposite hydrogels: preparation, properties and applications
Authors: Lima Diego Moreira , Chinellato Anne Cristine , Champeau Mathilde
Published: April 2021

Overview of BN-based nanocomposite hydrogel properties resulting from BN and hydrogels’ respective characteristics and interactions, and their applications.
Dynamic tuning of metal–ligand coordination through water molecules to induce multicolor fluorescence variations for humidity monitoring and anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Wei Juan , Ma Yun , Liu Chenyuan , Li Jiangang , Shen Jiandong , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: April 2021

We proposed a simple and effective strategy to construct a luminescent ratiometric RH sensor that can exhibit fluorescence color changes from blue to yellow upon increasing the RH.
IGF2 deficiency causes mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhu Yiyi , Gui Weiwei , Tan Bowen , Du Ying , Zhou Jiaqiang , Wu Fang , Li Hong , Lin Xihua
Published: April 2021

Exercise training improves muscle fitness in many aspects, including induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics. The insulin-like growth factors were recently proposed as key regulators of myogenic factors to regulate muscle development. The present study aimed to investigate the physical exercise impact on insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and analyzed its functions on skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Using online databases, we stated that IGF2 was relatively highly expressed in skeletal muscle cells and increased after exercise training. Then, IGF2 deficiency in myotubes from C2C12 and primary skeletal muscle cells (PMSCs) led to impaired mitochondrial function, reduced mitochondria-related protein content, and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we explored the possible regulatory pathway and found that mitochondrial regulation in skeletal muscle cells might occur through IGF2-Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study first demonstrated the relationship between IGF2 and mitochondria in skeletal muscle.
Advances in nano-biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine
Authors: Patil-Sen Yogita
Published: April 2021

Nanotechnology has received considerable attention and interest over the past few decades in the field of biomedicine due to the wide range of applications it provides in disease diagnosis, drug design and delivery, biomolecules detection, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ultra-small size and large surface area of nanomaterials prove to be greatly advantageous for their biomedical applications. Moreover, the physico-chemical and thus, the biological properties of nanomaterials can be manipulated depending on the application. However, stability, efficacy and toxicity of nanoparticles remain challenge for researchers working in this area. This mini-review highlights the recent advances of various types of nanoparticles in biomedicine and will be of great value to researchers in the field of materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine.
The Benefit of the “And” for Considerations of Language Modality for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
Authors: Secora Kristen , Smith David
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Language modality choices for deaf children continue to be an area of debate, but we argue that the dichotomy of “either/or” for language modality is outdated in a world that increasingly values bilingualism. Evidence is provided that a bilingual approach to language for deaf children is not contraindicated and that deaf children can learn both spoken and signed language given an adequate amount of exposure to each language.

Conclusions

We note that exposure to signed language during the early phases of auditory evaluation and rehabilitation can reduce missed opportunities for language acquisition. We further suggest that professionals who work with these children and their families need to consider their own biases in how language modality choices are presented in order to provide the best possible support services.
Bayesian decomposition of the Galactic multi-frequency sky using probabilistic autoencoders
Authors: Milosevic Sara , Frank Philipp , Leike Reimar H. , Müller Ancla , Enßlin Torsten A.
Published: April 2021

Context.All-sky observations show both Galactic and non-Galactic diffuse emission, for example from interstellar matter or the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The decomposition of the emission into different underlying radiative components is an important signal reconstruction problem.

Aims.We aim to reconstruct radiative all-sky components using spectral data, without incorporating knowledge about physical or spatial correlations.

Methods.We built a self-instructing algorithm based on variational autoencoders following three steps: (1)We stated a forward model describing how the data set was generated from a smaller set of features, (2) we used Bayes’ theorem to derive a posterior probability distribution, and (3) we used variational inference and statistical independence of the features to approximate the posterior. From this, we derived a loss function and optimized it with neural networks. The resulting algorithm contains a quadratic error norm with a self-adaptive variance estimate to minimize the number of hyperparameters. We trained our algorithm on independent pixel vectors, each vector representing the spectral information of the same pixel in 35 Galactic all-sky maps ranging from the radio to theγ-ray regime.

Results.The algorithm calculates a compressed representation of the input data. We find the feature maps derived in the algorithm’s latent space show spatial structures that can be associated with all-sky representations of known astrophysical components. Our resulting feature maps encode (1) the dense interstellar medium (ISM), (2) the hot and dilute regions of the ISM, and (3) the CMB, without being informed about these components a priori.

Conclusions.We conclude that Bayesian signal reconstruction with independent Gaussian latent space statistics is sufficient to reconstruct the dense and the dilute ISM, as well as the CMB, from spectral correlations only. The computational approximation of the posterior can be performed efficiently using variational inference and neural networks, making them a suitable approach to probabilistic data analysis.
A bright inner disk and structures in the transition disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
Authors: Pinilla P. , Kurtovic N. T. , Benisty M. , Manara C. F. , Natta A. , Sanchis E. , Tazzari M. , Stammler S. M. , Ricci L. , Testi L.
Published: April 2021

The frequency of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones appears to be higher around M-dwarfs, making these systems exciting laboratories to investigate planet formation. Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The disk around CIDA 1 (~0.1–0.2 M⊙) is one of the very few known disks that host a large cavity (20 au radius in size) around a very low-mass star. We present new ALMA observations at Band 7 (0.9 mm) and Band 4 (2.1 mm) of CIDA 1 with a resolution of ~0.05″ × 0.034″. These new ALMA observations reveal a very bright and unresolved inner disk, a shallow spectral index of the dust emission (~2), and a complex morphology of a ring located at 20 au. We also present X-shooter (VLT) observations that confirm the high accretion rate of CIDA 1 of Ṁacc = 1.4 × 10−8 M⊙ yr−1. This high value of Ṁacc, the observed inner disk, and the large cavity of 20 au exclude models of photo-evaporation to explain the observed cavity. When comparing these observations with models that combine planet–disk interaction, dust evolution, and radiative transfer, we exclude planets more massive than 0.5 MJup as the potential origin of the large cavity because with these it is difficult to maintain a long-lived and bright inner disk. Even in this planet mass regime, an additional physical process may be needed to stop the particles from migrating inwards and to maintain a bright inner disk on timescales of millions of years. Such mechanisms include a trap formed by a very close-in extra planet or the inner edge of a dead zone. The low spectral index of the disk around CIDA 1 is difficult to explain and challenges our current dust evolution models, in particular processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.
A sequential quadratic Hamiltonian scheme to compute optimal relaxed controls
Authors: Annunziato M. , Borzì A.
Published: April 2021

A new sequential quadratic Hamiltonian method for computing optimal relaxed controls for a class of optimal control problems governed by ordinary differential equations is presented. This iterative approach is based on the characterisation of optimal controls by means of the Pontryagin maximum principle in the framework of Young measures, and it belongs to the family of successive approximations schemes. The ability of the proposed optimisation framework to solve problems with regular and relaxed controls, including cases with oscillations and concentration effects, is demonstrated by results of numerical experiments. In all cases, the sequential quadratic Hamiltonian scheme appears robust and efficient, in agreement with convergence results of the theoretical investigation presented in this paper.
Ethnoscience A Bridge To Back To Nature
Authors: Putra Heddy S. A.
Published: April 2021

Ethnoscience is a paradigm emerged in anthropology in mid-1950s, as a further result of the attempts made by some American anthropologists to redefine the concept of culture that will be in line with the new model they adopt for their study and description of culture that is descriptive phonology. For ethnoscientists culture is not a material or behavioural phenomenon. It is an ideational phenomenon. In Goode-nough’s word, “culture is not a material phenomenon; it does not consist of things, people, behavior or emotions. It is rather the organization of these things. It is the forms of things that people have in mind, their models for perceiving, relating and otherwise interpreting them as such..” (1964: 36). Culture is thus a system of knowledge. The culture of a people is their ethnoscience (ethnos = people; scientia = knowledge). Since culture is a very broad category, no anthropologist can do research on a peo-ple’s culture as a whole. He can only investigate and describe some parts of it. Thus, Harold Conklin (1954) focussed his research among the Hanunoo in the Phillippines on their knowledge about their environment, or their ethnoecology. Even then, ethnoecology is still a very broad category, for it encompasses flora, fauna and other material inanimate objects. Later ethnoscience researchers pay their attention to smaller parts of the phenomena. Several branches of study then sprouted from ethnoecology, focussing on some elements the environment, such as ethnozoology, ethnobotany, ethnoastronomy, ethnopedology, etc. From ethnozoology, new branches of study -narrower in scopeappeared, such as ethnoornithology, etnoichtyology, ethnoherpetology. These bran-ches show how the attentions of the researchers go deeper and deeper to the tiny details of the environment, of the nature, and how the people view, give meaning and relate themselves to them. These studies show that ethnoscience has helped humans to gain better understandings of and their relations to the nature. It is in this sense that ethnoscience has become a bridge to go “back to nature”.
Community-based sanitation as a complementary strategy for the Jakarta Sewerage Development Project: What can we do better?
Authors: Cahyadi Rusli , Kusumaningrum Dwiyanti , Sanusi  , Yansyah Abdurrahim Ali
Published: April 2021

Indonesian wastewater sector management has been marked as having low coverage and slow in development, even though the system has been initiated since 1969 and the first masterplan for Jakarta Sewerage System and Sanitation Project was developed in 1977. In addition, two other master plans were developed in 1991 and 2012. The long history of planning to develop the citywide sewerage coverage resulted in only marginal coverage. As a complementary and short-term strategy, the Indonesian government also developed community-based sanitation to solve local sanitation problems such as RW Kumuh. In this paper, ideas will be proposed on how to improve the latter strategy and integrate it to the citywide sanitation.
Factors affecting payments for environmental services (PES) implementation in the Garang watershed management
Authors: Puspitasari Titik , Asdak Chay , Fani Cahyandito Martha
Published: April 2021

Watersheds has essential functions in human life and other living things that include hydrological and ecological functions. However, the number of critical watershed conditions are increasing and resulting in the degradation of the watershed function. The number of critical watersheds according to the 2009 forestry ministerial decree is 108 watersheds including Garang watershed. The landscape degradation of the upper areas will significantly affect hydrological conditions in downstream areas. Payment for environmental services (PES) is one of the alternatives of watershed management that combines interests in the upstream - downstream watersheds, especially in the form of water distribution. This study aims to identify important factors or criteria needed, especially related to the water environment services as a part of the integrated watershed management. The qualitative and quantitative method was used in this study with descriptive and CVM analysis used through the review literature, interview and survey. The analysis identifies important factors for PES in a sustainable watershed management which include its context, actors, financing systems, operations, and monitoring evaluation. The study also shows that some factors need improvement such as context (local regulation), actors (public understanding of the PES mechanism), operation (planning design), and low willingness to pay for PES implementation in Garang watershed. By properly defining the criteria of PES, watershed management can be managed in a way that the upper and downstream areas can be linked in an integrated way.
Overview of participatory water management to overcome drought towards agricultural sector
Authors: Agustini Dian Tristi , Iskandar Johan
Published: April 2021

Drought gives severe impact on agricultural system on fulfilling global food demands. Addressing the root causes of drought related to the community as water users can be done by combating illegal water extraction and controlling water supply. The discussion is based on information obtained from scientific literatures, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. From literature survey, participatory water management engage stakeholders harmonizing water supply and demand to tackle drought through water resources protection and efficient water use. Giving more power of people in the system impacts their better involvement in planning and decision-making processes. Top-down and bottomup participation models have different dynamics in water governance and both can be implemented based on the local contexts. Trade-offs and dilemmas should be considered in order to produce an effective participation. Collaboration and good communication among water users result in a better water management.
Management of Urban Farming Activities In A Community Case Study 1000kebun In Bandung City
Authors: Mubarak Ahkmad Zainal , Abdoellah Oekan S , Withaningsih Susanti , Indah Kinanti
Published: April 2021

Urban farming is a solution to the food crisis and deterioration of the environment urban conditions. In the city of Bandung, there are communities that carry out urban farming activities that are packaged attractively. The strategy carried out by the community in the practice of urban farming is a tool capable of driving from a downturn in urban areas. The study discusses urban farming as community management in 1000kebun to share knowledge and experience. Logical framework analysis carried out by the community of 1000kebun in the city of Bandung in forming a strategy developed so as to encourage the urban farming activities to remain sustainable. The strategies related to creativity in the agricultural sector and the involvement of young people in the agricultural sector. The 1000kebun community developed the creativity from the involvement of young people in carrying out agricultural activities which were able to encourage the wider community to care about the agricultural sector and consumption of foodstuffs that did not damage the environment and health. The motivation of 1000kebun to be active in the management of urban farming is to raise an active role for public concern in the agricultural sector, especially those in urban areas.
Looking beyond the horizon. A normative-institutional approach to sustainability science; getting onto ‘the balcony’
Authors: Heldeweg Michiel A.
Published: April 2021

This contribution is based upon an invited keynote to the CSS2020 Conference on Sustainability Science 2020 (Sustainability Science Post COVID-19; Social Distancing Life, Approaching Natural Life, October 8, 2020). Living in the ‘Anthropocene’ confronts us with major challenges regarding a sustainable and healthy planetary environment. Climate change and biodiversity degradation, but also the COVID-19 pandemic are testimony to this, and together they give cause to consider human responses to them. These responses come with several ‘tragic conditions’: on managing commons, on looking beyond our horizon, and on handling cognitive ambiguity. How can we institutionally safeguard against these conditions and have a better chance at avoiding disasters and recovering from them? This contribution points at some normative/legal arrangements establishing such safeguards, such as on a proper knowledge infrastructure, on guiding rights & principles, and on promoting resilience by taking a more system view. It is hoped that these examples will inspire thinking about how ‘to climb onto the balcony’, look beyond the horizon and act responsibly.
Social economic aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic – a brief summary
Authors: Hoi Yee Fu Regina
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over millions confirmed cases and over hundred thousand of deaths globally. It has brought difficult situations for citizens of nations across the world, and have sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Policy markers and public managers worldwide are put on the test on their crisis management capability. This paper is the summary that I presented in The Fourth Conference on Sustainability Science organized by the Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, University of Padjadjaran (UNPAD) on 8th October, 2020. In this paper, the responses and impacts of COVID-19 pandemic of Asian and African countries will be introduced. Learning from these experiences, we seek for hints that would be needed for the sustainable recovery of the Post Pandemic COVID-19 global society.
Cassava Bioindustrial Perspective
Authors: Pardian Pandi , Perdana Tomy , Insan Noor Trisna
Published: April 2021

Cassava is one of the commodities of food crops that mainly processed in food products. In addition to being the raw material, cassava food products also have the potential as raw materials for making bioplastics. Processing cassava into bioplastics is carried out by bio-industrial, so the discussion about the process of utilizing cassava up to being bioplastic is interesting to explore. The results of descriptive analysis and literature sharing show that the cassava bio-industry is more environmentally friendly because the production in the form of bioplastic is easier to decompose compared to fossil plastics, the production process with the concept of circulation has the ability to eliminate waste