bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Ghanaian Tertiary ESL Classroom Lectures: The Case of Achievement Communicative Strategies
Authors: Lomotey Charlotte Fofo , Debrah-Amofah Joyce
Published: May 2021

Whenever we speak, we use specific strategies to help us achieve our communication goals (Nakatani, 2006). These can be reduction or achievement strategies. Achievement strategies are used by teachers and students to help them overcome their inadequate linguistic knowledge (Trihastuti & Zamzani, 2018) so that lessons can ensue smoothly. This study sought to investigate achievement communicative strategies used by lecturers and students in two public tertiary institutions in Ghana. An observational descriptive case study design was adopted with 12 Communication Skills classrooms purposively sampled from the two institutions. Lesson recording and observation were the instruments used to collect data and analysed using conversation analysis. The analysis revealed that strategies such as code-switching, all-purpose words, literal translation, and appeal for assistance were employed whenever lecturers and students realized they had problems expressing their intended meaning and they needed to solve the problems. It was revealed that the functions of the strategies were for repair to reach communication goals, to convey meaning, to ensure language accuracy, and to request for explanation and clarification. It also showed that the reasons for using the strategies were to avoid a break in the communication process, to develop learner autonomy, and to deepen lecturer-student interaction. Accordingly, it is recommended that such strategies (and others) should be incorporated into the teaching and learning process to create opportunities for meaningful communication to enable lecturers and students develop their communicative competence.
Maize Yield Under Fertilization With Bio-Stimulants, Sulfur, and Zinc in the State of Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Silva Helton Devison de Lima , Silva Antônio Veimar da , Silva João Henrique Barbosa da , Silva Edson De Souza , Neto José Fidelis dos Santos , Soares Misael Mendes , Silva Carla Michelle da , Mielezrski Fabio
Published: May 2021

Maize (Zea mays) is a cereal widely used in human and animal feeding worldwide, with great socioeconomic importance. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, productivity, and absorption of macro and micronutrients of maize under the application of biostimulant, sulfur, and zinc in a Gleisolo Háplico soil in a microclimate region of the semiarid state of Paraíba, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design, a 2x2x2 factorial scheme with eight treatments, and four replications was used. The first factor corresponded to treatment with biostimulant (Presence and absence); the second to sulfur (Presence and absence); and the latter to zinc (Presence and absence). Growth, yield, and macro and micronutrient absorption data were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The number of rows per ear and ear diameter responded positively when the biostimulant was used. Maize under foliar fertilization with zinc nitrate did not show yield increase. The application of sulfur promoted an increase in almost all variables, including yield. The combined application of the three products influenced only the number of rows per ear. The application of sulfur separated or together with biostimulant provided an increase in the absorption of some nutrients by the leaf such as copper, N and K. As a result of fertilization with sulfur, which provided an increase in leaf absorption, mainly of N, also promoted a significant increase in all student variables, including grain productivity.
Quem acolhe o menor, a mim acolhe:
Authors: Machieski Elisangela da Silva
Published: May 2021

A Campanha da Fraternidade de 1987, que teve como tema “Quem acolhe o menor, a mim acolhe”, foi foco central de análise desta narrativa histórica. A problemática partiu da ideia de que a Igreja Católica contribuiu para dinamizar a discussão do chamado problema do menor por vários meios; no entanto, foi a partir desta campanha que a temática ganhou amplitude, capaz de atingir grupos populacionais anteriormente não alcançados. Diante dessa perspectiva, o artigo buscou responder – por meio de dois livros elaborados para a Campanha da Fraternidade e alguns relatórios provenientes da Pastoral do Menor – como essa pauta ganhou o cenário nacional, além de apresentar quais foram os seus desdobramentos: a articulação da Pastoral do Menor, o artigo 227 da Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.
A Construção Histórica do Gênero Feminino na Narrativa Fílmica de “Desmundo”
Authors: Batista Gregio Gustavo , Araújo Pelegrini Sandra de Cássia
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do artigo é refletir como é construída a imagem feminina na narrativa audiovisual do filme histórico “Desmundo”, lançado em 2002, sob a direção do cineasta francês Alain Fresnot. O longa-metragem é uma livre adaptação do romance literário da escritora Ana Miranda, publicado em 1996. Assim, debatemos como os relatos históricos influenciaram na construção do gênero feminino, e como a narrativa fílmica representa esses aspectos historicamente arquitetados pelo poder masculino, por meio da protagonista Oribela. A personagem foi enviada forçosamente de Portugal para o Brasil, pela Coroa portuguesa, com o auxílio da Igreja Católica, em meados do século XVI, para casar-se com um colono português. Desta forma, a personagem dialoga com a história das mulheres, representando a trajetória de submissão e dominação do gênero feminino da História do Brasil.
Insights into CEFR and Its Implementation through the Lens of Preservice English Teachers in Thailand
Authors: Phoolaikao Witchuda , Sukying Apisak
Published: May 2021

The Common European Framework of Reference for language teaching, learning, and assessment (CEFR) provides a guideline for English teaching aids and curriculum development in language courses. It identifies and describes the specific skills that language learners must acquire to improve their English language proficiency for communication (CoE, 2001). In the Thai context, the Ministry of Education (MoE, 2014) has adopted the framework as a practical handbook for reforming English teaching at all levels. However, only a few studies have examined Thai stakeholders’ perceptions towards CEFR. As such, the current study investigated preservice English teachers’ perceptions of the CEFR in a Thai context. A total of 200 fourth and fifth-year preservice English teachers participated in this study. A mixed-method design was used to collect data via seven-point Likert scale questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative findings revealed that the participants had a high level of understanding of the CEFR, specifically in the assessment domain and development of reference level descriptions. By contrast, the qualitative data revealed that Thai preservice teachers have little knowledge of the CEFR, and their understanding of the CEFR was quite limited. Nevertheless, Thai preservice teachers expressed positive views regarding the implementation of the CEFR into classroom practice. Overall, these findings indicate that the preservice English teachers had a poor understanding of the CEFR conception, which suggests that Thai stakeholders must raise awareness regarding the proper implementation of the CEFR and its alignment with the national curriculum. 
André Hoekema 1940–2020: pleidooi voor een normatieve (rechts)sociologie
Authors: van Manen Niels , Huppes-Cluysenaer Liesbeth
Published: May 2021

André Hoekema 1940–2020, A plea for a normative sociology of law

André Hoekema, sociologist and lawyer, was one of the driving forces within the sociology and anthropology of law for half a century. His scientific career has been targeted on the development of a non-technic concept of practice for social science, specifically a sociological practice of creating social cohesion and legitimacy and an anthropological practice of cultural self-definition.
Gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos em associação sem fins lucrativos: uma abordagem utilizando o método MACBETH
Authors: Campos Botelho Janine , Monteiro da Silva Peri Guilherme , Lobato Bello Leonardo Augusto
Published: May 2021

A economia globalizada gera um alto grau de competitividade entre as organizações, que se utiliza de técnicas de gerenciamento para melhorar constantemente seus processos e serviços. Sob este complexo cenário no mundo dos negócios, a implementação da gestão de portfólio otimiza a alocação de recursos e reduz perdas nas atividades realizadas dentro das instituições. Este trabalho teve como finalidade a aplicação do método multicritério MACBETH para facilitar o processo de tomada de decisão, buscando a priorização de projetos que serão propostos para a criação de um portfólio de projetos em instituição do terceiro setor no município de Marabá. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxilio da gestora de projetos da instituição, que foi de total importância para o sucesso de este trabalho ser alcançado. Pretendeu-se avaliar o processo de seleção e priorização de projetos, para que a entidade consiga maximizar seus recursos e se tornar sustentável no mercado. Obtendo como resultado a hierarquização dos dez projetos analisados, e tendo o projeto Saúde Bucal como o principal do portfólio da instituição.
Architektura – w poszukiwaniu irracjonalizmu
Authors: Stiller Jerzy
Published: May 2021

Artykuł jest skróconą prezentacją prowadzonych badań dotyczących odbioru architektury i wpływu stosowania rozwiązań formalnych niezwiązanych z praktycznymi celami architektury na ostateczną formę dzieła. To próba przyjrzenia się historycznemu rozwojowi architektury przez pryzmat poszukiwania czystej formy zarówno w obszarze dzieła jako całości, jak i detalu. Badania obejmują kwerendy literaturowe, archiwalne oraz własne doświadczenia autora. Są próbą spojrzenia na architekturę jako dziedzinę sztuki, której forma nie musi być wyłącznie doraźnie użyteczna czy praktyczna. Obszarowo badania dotyczą architektury europejskiej, a poddawane dzieła nie muszą być wybitnymi przykładami architektury.
The influence of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment on the endocrine system
Authors: Dyrka Kamil , Witasik Daria , Czarnywojtek Agata , Łącka Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Thanks to scientific research, new methods of cancer treatment, including molecularly targeted therapy, are being developed. Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat many diseases, including some types of cancer, and affect various systems of the human body. The presented article aims to present the adverse effects of molecularly targeted cancer therapy on the endocrine system based on the current literature data. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1, can cause a variety of autoimmune adverse effects, among others, thyroid dys-function, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus. The authors also paid attention to monitoring selected diagnostic parameters to prevent endocrine adverse effects during a therapy with monoclonal antibodies. The development of adverse effects may sometimes progress atypically and rapidly, and may be a life-threatening condition. Clinicians should choose individual schemes of treatment for particular patients. The patient’s condition should also be monitored before, during and after the therapy. The decision about the continuation of treatment with monoclonal antibodies should be based especially on a risk connected with the cessation of treatment. Clinical trials should be continued to improve knowledge about the side effects of monoclonal antibodies.
Calreticulin – a multifaced protein
Authors: Kanduła Zuzanna , Lewandowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

Calreticulin (CALR) is a highly conserved multi-function protein that primarily localizes within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It participates in various processes in the cells, including glycoprotein chaperoning, regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, antigen processing and presentation for adaptive immune response, cell adhesion/migration, cell proliferation, immunogenic cell death, gene expression and RNA stability. The role of CALR in the assembly, retrieval and cell surface expression of MHC class I molecules is well known. A fraction of the total cellular CALR is localized in the cytosol, following its retro-translocation from the ER. In the cell stress conditions, CALR is also expressed on the cell surface via an interaction with phosphatidylserine localized on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. The abovementioned mechanism is relevant for the recognition of the cells, as well as immunogenicity and phagocytic uptake of proapoptotic and apoptotic cells.

Lastly, the presence of CALR exon 9 gene mutations was confirmed in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Their presence results in an abnormal CALR structure due to the loss of its ER-retention sequence, CALR extra-ER localisation, the formation of a complex with thrombopoietin receptor, and oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells. It is also known that CALR exon 9 mutants are highly immunogenic and induce T cell response. Despite this fact, CALR mutant positive hematopoietic cells emerge. The last phenomenon is probably the result of the inhibition of phagocytosis of the cancer cells exposing CALR mutant protein by dendritic cells.
Inhaled corticosteroids and incident pneumonia in patients with asthma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bansal Vikas , Mangi Muhammad A. , Johnson Margaret M. , Festic Emir
Published: May 2021

Objectives. To systematically review all available studies on inhaled corticosteroid use and incident pneumonia in asthma patients. Methods. We performed a literature search from January 1, 1993, through August 15, 2015, using PubMed, Medline, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI, Regulatory Documents, Web of Science and manufacturers’ web clinical trial registries with multiple search terms. We included studies that compared the risk of incident pneumonia among patients utilizing and not utilizing inhaled corticosteroids. We then summarized risk estimates into two random-effect meta-analyses; one including randomized controlled trials and another one including observational studies. Results. Fourteen studies were estimable; ten randomized controlled trials included 19,098 participants and four observational studies included 44,016 participants. There was no heterogeneity in randomized trials and summed risk ratio demonstrated the use of inhaled corticosteroids was protective of pneumonia; risk ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.57to 0.95, p=0.02. On the contrary, observational studies showed summed odds ratio of 1.97; 95% CI 1.87to 2.07, p<0.0001, I²=0%, suggesting increased risk of pneumonia with use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma patients. Conclusions: Inhaled corticosteroids
are associated with decreased risk of incident pneumonia in patients with asthma based on meta-analysis of available randomized trials. Although observational studies in similar patients suggested higher risk of pneumonia, the inherent methodological limitations confer lower grade of confidence in these studies.
Brain abscess due to Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and Bacteroides uniformis
Authors: Bogdan Maja , Zujić Atalić Vlasta , Hećimović Ivan , Vuković Dubravka
Published: May 2021

Objective. The aim of this report was to describe the occurrence of a bacterial brain abscess in a healthy individual, without any predisposing condition. Case report. A thirteen-year old boy was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery after the onset of vomiting, headache and dizziness. A neurological deficit was detected during the physical examination so urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed, revealing an intrahemispheric, right positioned solitary expansive mass with ring enhancement. Purulent material was obtained during osteoplastic craniotomy with total extirpation of the brain abscess. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and Bacteroides uniformis were isolated. The patient’s general condition improved and the neurological deficit subsided as a result of the prompt recognition and treatment of this life threatening condition. Conclusion. To achieve a favourable clinical outcome, prompt recognition and surgical treatment of a brain abscess are of primary importance,followed by administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of this combination of microorganisms as the cause of a brain abscess.
Pediatric advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma - case report
Authors: Roganović Jelena , Matijašić Nuša , Maurizio Mascarin
Published: May 2021

Objective. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an extremely rare pediatric malignancy predominantly occurring in adolescent males. Its multifactorial pathogenesis is most strongly associated with the exposure to
Epstein-Barr virus in genetically susceptible hosts. In younger patients, more aggressive biological behavior has been observed, although the overall survival is better compared to adults. Due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation, the diagnosis in children is often delayed and misinterpreted. Case report. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with stage IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma. He presented with a painless palpable neck mass, nasal congestion and a history of occasional epistaxis and headaches. Four years after the completion of a multimodal treatment, the patient is in complete remission. Conclusion. Although exceedingly rare, pediatricians should consider nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of palpable neck masses, especially in male adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis, treatment, supportive care and follow-up is of utmost importance.
The forthcoming era of precision medicine
Authors: Gamulin Stjepan
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The aim of this essay is to present the definition and principles of personalized or precision medicine, the perspective and barriers to its development and clinical application. The implementation of precision medicine in health care requires the coordinated efforts of all health care stakeholders (the biomedical community, government, regulatory bodies, patients’ groups). Particularly, translational research with the integration of genomic and comprehensive data from all levels of the organism (“big data”), development of bioinformatics platforms enabling network analysis of disease etiopathogenesis, development of a legislative framework for handling personal data, and new paradigms of medical education are necessary for successful application of the concept of precision medicine in health care. Conclusion. In the present and future era of precision medicine, the collaboration of all participants in health care is necessary for its realization, resulting in improvement of diagnosis, prevention and therapy, based on a holistic, individually tailored approach.
Postal censorship of Bosnian public health institutions during the Second World War: The Independent State of Croatia versus Dr. Stanko Sielski
Authors: Papalas John A. , Tahirović Husref
Published: May 2021

This study aims to present evidence of censorship during World War II by the Independent State of Croatia of one of its public health officials, Dr. Stanko Sielski who was a physician trained in epidemiology and public health. During World War II, he directed the Institute for Combating
Endemic Syphilis in the Bosnian town Banja Luka. The staff under his direction consisted solely of Jewish physicians. We analyzed two groups of envelopes either sent by or to Dr. Stanko Sielski during the War and found evidence of censorship only in communications with a Jewish physician dated towards the end of the War. Dr. Stanko Sielski would be posthumously recognized for his efforts to shield his Jewish colleagues. Conclusion. The newly available, but still limited data, which we present indicates efforts to censor Dr. Stanko Sielski’s postal communications towards the War’s end. The censors targeted specifically Dr. Stanko Sielski’s correspondences with the Jewish physicians he was protecting. This material highlights the many challenges his public health service experienced during the time of armed conflict.
Evaluation of the water sorption of luting cements in different solutions
Authors: Gavranović-Glamoč Alma , Ajanović Muhamed , Korać Samra , Zukić Selma , Strujić-Porović Sanela , Kamber-Ćesir Alma , Kazazić Lejla , Berhamović Emir
Published: May 2021

Objective. To evaluate and compare the water sorption of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0). Materials and methods. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens - 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The water sorptions of the cements were calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. Results. Nonparametric statistic methods were applied. GC Fuji Plus cement showed significantly higher values of water sorption in all three solutions of both resin cements (p<0.009) and significantly higher values of sorption in artificial saliva pH 3.0. Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of water sorption compared with Variolink II in artificial saliva pH 7.4, and higher values of sorption in this solution compared with pH value 3.0. Con- clusion. Water sorption values are mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of solutions.
Spontaneous closure of a full thickness macular hole
Authors: Zvorničanin Jasmin , Zvorničanin Edita , Mušanović Zlatko
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes using a time-lapse monitoring system for embryo incubation versus a conventional incubator in in vitro fertilization: An age-stratification analysis
Authors: Chera-aree Pattraporn , Thanaboonyawat Isarin , Thokha Benjawan , Laokirkkiat Pitak
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer between embryos cultured in a time-lapse monitoring system (TLS) and those cultured in a conventional incubator (CI).Methods: The medical records of 250 fertilized embryos from 141 patients undergoing infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology at a tertiary hospital from June 2018 to May 2020 were reviewed. The study population was divided into TLS and CI groups at a 1 to 1 ratio (125 embryos per group). The primary outcome was the live birth rate. Results: The TLS group had a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (46.4% vs. 27.2%, p=0.002), implantation rate (27.1% vs. 12.0%, p=0.004), and live birth rate (32% vs. 18.4%, p=0.013) than the CI group. Furthermore, subgroup analyses of the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the different age groups favored the TLS group. However, this difference only reached statistical significance in the live birth rate in women aged over 40 years and the clinical pregnancy rate in women aged 35–40 years (p=0.048 and p=0.031, respectively). The miscarriage rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst rate were comparable.Conclusion: TLS application improved the live birth rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate, particularly in the advanced age group in this study, while the other reproductive outcomes were comparable. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to further explore the ramifications of these findings, especially in different age groups.
Ceramics Practicum
Authors: Šiaučiūnas Raimundas , Prichockienė Edita , Šmigelskytė Agnė
Published: May 2021

The book presents all the methods of testing ceramic raw materials and products made from ceramic materials: first of all, the methods of testing of the properties of clay are discussed; further, determination of its chemical and mineral composition is described followed by methods for testing the key characteristics of a ceramic body and slurry, and, finally, a detailed description of methodologies for determining the performance of construction and fine ceramic products is presented. This textbook is primarily intended for English-speaking students studying the modules Chemical Technology of Ceramic Materials, Synthesis of High-Temperature Materials, Building and Fine Ceramics and Refractory and Modern Ceramics at KTU Faculty of Chemical Technology. It will also be beneficial to students of other KTU faculties or any other universities whose programs deal with the production and processing of building materials.
“Uncanny Creatures of the Dark.”
Authors: Benavides Pelayo , Ibarra José Tomás
Published: May 2021

Belief systems of human societies are deeply related with animals, which are symbolised in traditional narratives. Here we review reported cases from around the world and our own ethnographic observations from southern Chile, to analyse beliefs associated with owls. In particular, we explore the role that owls play in traditional narratives and the likely reasons of their saliency, including their connections with the extraordinary. For the latter, we utilise the concept of “the uncanny” to analyse how owls generate a feeling of something not simply mysterious but, more specifically, something strangely familiar. Owls trigger unsettling experiences of the “normal,” with the ensuing feelings of unhomeliness, which may explain their saliency across human societies. Finally, we discuss that the uncanny nature of owls is precisely what locates them in a culturally stimulating position and what should be considered by conservationists and politicians to tackle a more integrative approach to owl conservation.
Venus Figurines
Authors: Snijdelaar Tosca
Published: May 2021

In this article, the working of certain bodily processes is presented as the basis for the apotropaic meaning and function of the genitals of the Upper Palaeolithic Venus Figurines. The working of the sympathetic nervous system is identified as the cause of genital arousal due to anxiety. The simultaneous experience of anxiety and the engorgement of the labia and clitoris led to an apotropaic meaning, in addition to a sexual meaning, being assigned to the genitals during the Palaeolithic Era. The ability to think in symbols, which was developing greatly at this time, led to that which could be experienced in bodies being transferred to Venus Figurines.
Analytische Strafrechtswissenschaft
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs
Published: May 2021

The treatises in this volume are united by the wish to contribute to an analysis of the “grammar” of the general doctrine of criminal offense, this is to help clarifying the rules under which we can state what can be said reasonably in a language that constitutes the criminal offense. This method of penology is working by logical, semantic and pragmatic analysis of the elements of the criminal offense and involves the modern theories of action, norms and causality.
Crowdfunding
Authors: Jolmes Maximilian
Published: May 2021

Crowdfunding is a modern, Internet-based form of project financing. It is characterised by the fact that the crowd, a mass of individuals, serves as the source of the financing.

Financing projects similar to today’s crowdfunding can be identified well before the development of the Internet, for example the financing of the Statue of Liberty in 1885.

This dissertation examines historical projects that are similar to the concept of today’s crowdfunding with regard to their parameters and forms, in order to then highlight their parallels and differences to crowdfunding through a historical comparison.
Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Interval Training on the Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteocalcin and Parathyroid Hormone in Middle-aged Men
Authors: Bakhtiyari Mohsen , Fathi Mehrdad , Hejazi Keyvan
Published: May 2021

Background: Osteoporosis is the most common disorder of bone and mineral metabolism. This disease is associated with decreased bone density and loss of bone microstructure, leading to increased fragility and risk of bone fractures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic interval training on the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone in middle-aged men. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study of 24 men, who were divided into two groups of control (n = 12) and aerobic interval training (n = 12). Training performed during eight weeks, three times a week, each session for 45 to 60 minutes. Blood samples were analyzed for the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone before and after completion of the training program. Paired samples t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were run to analyze the data (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Weight and body mass index decreased significantly, and the maximum oxygen consumption at the end of the training program increased significantly in the experimental group. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise led to a significant increase in the amounts of calcium (P = 0.001), phosphorus (P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.001), osteocalcin (P = 0.001), and parathyroid hormone (P = 0.001) in the experimental group. Conclusions: It can be stated that eight weeks of aerobic interval training may be effective in preventing osteoporosis by reducing body composition indices and increasing calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and serum parathyroid hormone in inactive men.
Effects of Exercise Training Intensity on Plasma Levels of Creatinine Kinas After a Myocardial Infarction in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Zokaei Abdolhamid , Ghahramani Mehran
Published: May 2021

Background: The creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) isoenzyme level is useful in determining the myocardial infarction (MI) extent and time. Evidence indicates the possible effect of exercise training on reducing the amount of CPK-MB, but the proper intensity of exercise is still unclear. Objectives: In this study the effect of intensity of exercise training on creatinine kinas after a myocardial infarction in plasma levels of male Wistar rats was comparing. Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats at 10 weeks of age were divided in to four groups [low (N = 8), moderate (N = 8), and high (N = 8) intensity interval training and a control (N = 8) group (no exercise)]. Six weeks later, rats became MI patients through surgery. CPK-MB plasma levels were investigated before training, immediately after training for six weeks as well as 12 hours after MI. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure and Tukey (α ≥ 0.05). Results: The results showed that changes in CK enzyme at 12 hours after MI in LIIT (113.88 ± 19.25), MIIT (135.88 ± 35.58) and HIIT (105.75 ± 19.05) were statistically significant compared to the control group (124.62 ± 23.41) only in 12 hours after MI and this reduction in the low-intensity interval training group was significant than the other two groups (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: In this study, six weeks of interval training with each intensity was likely to make cardiac cells resistant to necrosis resulting in low levels of the CPK-MB enzyme compared to the control group after the myocardial infarction event.
Geneze a současné postavení profese asistenta pedagoga v podmínkách českého školství
Authors: Ďulíková Lenka
Published: May 2021

Text je koncipován jako teoretická studie vycházející v návaznosti na nove­lu vyhlášky č. 27/2016 Sb., o vzdělávání žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami a žáků nadaných; v kontextu legislativních změn a nároků na povolání asistenta pe­dagoga. Cílem studie je nabídnout vhled do problematiky geneze a ukotvení profese asistenta pedagoga v současném českém systému vzdělávání. Text má dvě základní tematické roviny. V první jsou představeny historické a legislativní změny asistent­ské profese v průběhu desetiletí. Druhá část studie se věnuje souhrnu požadavků na kvalifikaci a profesní přípravu směřující k aktuální situaci ve školství. Autorka se při­tom nevyhýbá hledání odpovědí na otázky, které provázejí stabilizaci této pomáhající profese v praxi. V centru pozornosti jsou například otázky, které se vztahují k náplni práce asistenta pedagoga, rozmanitosti nároků na vzdělání a postavení této pracovní pozice ve vztahu k ostatním účastníkům vzdělávacího procesu.
The Ontic Gift
Authors: Achenbach Alina ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2021

Much of modern technology critique inherits Heidegger’s ontico-ontological distinction. In this paper, following Stiegler’s linking of the ontic to the transgenerational, I argue that Heidegger leaves the materiality of technics as a potential site for difference in the wake. Put differently, Heidegger “declines the gift of the ontic,” instead constructing an order of an imagined Graeco-German inheritance—a culturally and linguistically specific “saving-power” against the ills of modern technology. Through Derrida’s inheritance of Heidegger’s work—marked by a different language and (postcolonial) positionality—I reconsider ontico-ontological difference as an opening to a co-constitutive productivity of world and thing, where the passing on of mnemonic inheritance features multiplicities of languages and cultural techniques that preempt Heidegger’s “Graeco-German monolingualism.” This calls for a central positioning of the politics of memory and inheritance within modern technology critique, thereby attending both to the material realities as well as the cultural differences of technics.
The Ideology of AI
Authors: Sias Leonardo ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2021

This paper criticises the ideological dimension of the AI narrative. It does so by questioning the implicit assumptions behind its vision, which promises a world that automatically adapts to our desires before we even know them. These assumptions hinge on a misconception of the value of desire as residing exclusively with its fulfilment, warranting human manipulation for increased predictability. This social trajectory towards algorithmic governance, rather than delivering on the promised fulfilment, undermines our capacity to sustain the same desire that it uses to justify its enterprise.
Exposure of children in Serbia to potentially harmful excipients when treated with approved antibiotics
Authors: Puača Gorana , Todorović Nemanja , Čanji Jelena , Bajić Dejana , Vesković Dunja , Pavlović Nebojša , Ilić Snježana , Lalić-Popović Mladena
Published: May 2021

Introduction: According to current understanding of the role of excipient in medicines, they could not be considered as completely pharmacologically inert substances. Although excipients do not have the potential to cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in most patients, some of their negative effects have been established. Special caution regarding excipients intake is advised, especially in vulnerable populations such as pediatric one. Aim: The aim of this paper was to investigate the exposure of children on antibiotic therapy to excipients with known effects (EKE). Methods: During a one-month period antibiotic prescriptions data were taken from community pharmacies in Novi Sad, Serbia. Age, diagnosis and prescribed therapy were observed. Data about qualitative content of prescribed medicines were taken from Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPC) available at the official website of Medicines and medical devices agency of Serbia (ALIMS). Excipients were considered to be potentially harmful if they were listed in European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. Results: The most commonly observed diagnosis was a respiratory infection, which affected more than 88% of children prescribed with an antibiotic. Only 5 out of 33 prescribed antibiotic formulations did not contain at least one EKE. Prescribed medicines mostly contained sodium compounds (77.78%), sucrose (34.07%) and sodium benzoate (31.11%). In addition, the following EKE were detected: propylene glycol, aspartame, sorbitol, lactose, potassium, mannitol, benzalkonium chloride, azorubine, parabens, sodium metabisulfite and sunset yellow. Around 75% of prescribed antibiotic formulations contained inappropriately labeled EKE (sodium and potassium compounds, sodium benzoate and propylene glycol). Additionally, inappropriately labeled information leaflets did not include possible adverse effects caused by the EKE. Conclusions: This paper indicates high exposure of patients to EKE, where almost all children treated with antibiotics (96.3%) were simultaneously administered at least one EKE. We confirmed that approved medicines cannot meet the treatment needs of all patients, and that inappropriately labeled medicines carry a risk of ADRs, especially in newborns. Personalized treatment is especially important in children, as the appropriate dosage forms and diversity in formulation ingredients is lacking. Knowing the type and roles of each ingredient of the medicines it is possible to formulate a preparation that will meet all the individual children's needs.
Method for adjusting results of pharmacoeconomic studies from country to country using Bayesian statistics
Authors: Janković Slobodan , Kostić Marina , Milovanović Jasmina
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Key problems when transferring results of pharmacoeconomic studies between countries are: relative infrequency of observational design, utilization of unreliable estimates of input parameters in many of modelling studies, not reporting variability of the study outputs (e.g. ICER, net monetary benefit) in a publication, and large differences in costs of healthcare services and drugs from country to country. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of denosumab vs. alendronate for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Serbia, using results of published pharmacoeconomic studies in United States of America (USA) and Japan. Material and Methods: The estimate of the ICER was made through the following steps: (1) scaling the ICER of the published studies to Serbian healthcare milieu using unit costs in Serbia, USA and Japan; (2) defining prior distribution of the ICER using adjusted results of the earlier published study; (3) defining sampling distribution of the ICER using adjusted results of the next published study; (4) estimating posterior distribution of the ICER and calculating the most probable values the ICER with Bayesian statistics. Results: The ICER of the prior distribution was 572,787.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 1,116.00 to 998,051.00 RSD, and that of the sampling distribution 706,057.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 1,122.00 to 999,308.00 RSD. The most probable ICER value from the posterior distribution was 752,912.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 667,631.00 to 771,552.07 RSD. The estimated ICER was below one Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Serbia per capita (the 2019 value: 780,063.60 RSD). Conclusions: Denosumab should be considered cost-effective in Serbia if one to three GDPs/capita/Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained is taken as the upper limit of willingness to pay by Serbian Health Insurance Fund.
Paternalistic leadership in Kuwaiti business environment: Culturally endorsed, but largely ineffective
Authors: Adžić Slobodan , Almutairi Shihanah
Published: May 2021

There is an assumption from the reviewed literature that Paternalistic Leadership (PL) is culturally endorsed as a leadership style in Kuwait. With many diverse perspectives on the effectiveness of paternalistic leadership, the research objectives of the current research are threefold. First, to examine if PL is recognized as a leadership style in Kuwait organizations, second, to test the effectiveness of that style if present, and third, to identify the specifics of the Kuwaiti leadership practice. The findings lead to the conclusion that PL is present in Kuwaiti leadership practices, culturally is endorsed, but otherwise is considered as an ineffective leadership style because of the influence of wasta.
Green advertising and its impact on environmentally friendly consumption choices: A review
Authors: Krstić Jelena , Kostić-Stanković Milica , Cvijović Jelena
Published: May 2021

Research on various environmental topics, among which is the topic of green advertising, has been growing during last three decades, but it is yet to gain its full potential. Since the topic of green advertising has been gaining rising attention of scholars, the body of knowledge on this topic has been growing as well. Green advertising in general aims to promote products produced in an environmentally-friendly manner, or to promote advertiser's corporate responsibility toward an environment. The evaluation of green advertising effectiveness is necessary in order to stimulate cognitive and affective reactions of consumers to green advertisements, as well as their subsequent environmentally friendly behaviour. This article contains the review of the relevant literature on the topic of green advertising effectiveness. The findings of the literature review indicate that green advertising represents an effective communication means to influence consumers' attitudes and behaviour, even though its effectiveness is often mediated by certain factors, like: consumers' environmental consciousness, consumers' regulatory focus, consumers' scepticism, claim type.
Degree of liberalization in Serbian economy as a part of the accession process to the World Trade Organization
Authors: Rabrenović Mihajlo , Popov Dejan , Stamenović Milorad
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine some of the current issues regarding the degree of liberalization in Serbian economy as a part of the accession process to the World Trade Organization. Serbia's membership of the World Trade Organization is prerequisite for closing Chapter 30 in the accession negotiations with the European Union. The membership of the World Trade Organization should have a highly positive effect on the economic development of the Republic of Serbia. Closing the negotiations with the World Trade Organization will, if accompanied by other relevant economic policy measures, result in a stronger national economy and its further economic liberalization. Within the liberalization process, it is necessary for the state to intervene by its measures, as necessary, in certain areas of economic and social life.
The impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 2020 on the perception of combat drones
Authors: Ilić Damir , Tomašević Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The use of combat drones has been existing for more than a century. Only in recent years have we witnessed how the evolutionary process with the advancement of technology has turned into a real revolution. The conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 was one of the turning points in the application of this disruptive technology for combat purposes. As never before, the mass use of combat drones has not decisively influenced the outcome of a conflict. Due to the importance of the mentioned conflict, an SWOT analysis of the possibility of using combat drones in local conflicts was performed. The conclusions drawn can help both in understanding the outcome of the conflict and in defining the direction in which the further application of these combat systems will progress in the future.
Analysis of anti-armor missile systems using the hybrid model AHP-VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Radovanović Marko , Milić Aleksandar , Stevanović Milan
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the selection of the best anti-armor missile system, as a significant weapon whose basic task is to neutralize tanks, armored combat and non -combat vehicles at different firing distances. The complexity of the problem is conditioned by the different tactical and technical characteristics of anti-tank missile systems and the specific conditions of their application have conditioned the application of the model of multi-criteria decision-making. The selection of the most favorable anti-armor missile system was realized using the hybrid model AHP -VIKOR. Using the AHP method, the values of the criterion coefficients were calculated. The VIKOR method was used to select the most favorable alternative (anti-armor missile system). Based on the obtained results, a set of compromise solutions was defined, on the basis of which the decision maker can decide on the selection of the best anti-armor missile system.
Work-life balance of teaching staff at higher education during COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Ilić-Kosanović Tatjana
Published: May 2021

The issue of work-life balance of teaching staff at higher education institutions is becoming more interesting for the researchers due to complexity in responsibilities of teachers which include not only teaching and preparation of lectures, but primarily scientific research and scientific papers writing, as well as various administrative and managerial duties (vice deans, department chiefs, etc.). This topic is getting importance not only in regard to women in higher education teaching positions, but to overall attracting and retaining talent This complex problem has been particularly evident in disaster circumstances such as the COVID-19 virus pandemic. This paper studies attitudes (in the form of interviews) of teaching staff -teaching assistants, lecturers (languages), assistant professors, associate professors and full professors towards the achieved work-life balance during period of working from home during the lockdown imposed in Serbia from March, to May when the most higher education institutions returned to semi-regular ways of operations on the example of the School of Engineering Management from Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia. Even though the sample is small, it can be concluded that all levels of teaching staff have had difficulties in maintaining work-life balance during the work from home, especially the ones with children of school age.
Application of green tools in green marketing
Authors: Ćalasan Veljko , Slavković Rade , Rajković Jelena
Published: May 2021

Green marketing is a promotion of "green" or environmentally friendly products as a consumer base for the premium product. It implies the whole chain of a product's life cycle, prevention of releasing pollutants into the environment and their removal using phytoremediation as one of many tools. Increasing social care linked health well-being with sustainable environmental and economy. Therefore, increased number of eco-minded entrepreneurs includes green marketing. A strategic goal of corporations is to raise awareness through environmentally minded publication, eco-friendly retail, organic catering/promotion, eco-friendly landscaping, eco-consulting, etc. Thus, green tools, part of green marketing promote and educate about carbon emissions and pollution consumers daily activities produce and the impact those activities have on the final product. In the context of the changes in business, green marketing could be put in the framework of life cycle thinking. Taking into account waste as a final by product even in a lean manufacturing, LCA includes unavoidable pollutants or products as well as the remediation/phytoremediation to decrease harmful product impact.