bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of cryptic plant diversity on the rooftops of the Alps
Authors: Boucher Florian C. , Dentant Cédric , Ibanez Sébastien , Capblancq Thibaut , Boleda Martí , Boulangeat Louise , Smyčka Jan , Roquet Cristina , Lavergne Sébastien
Published: May 2021

High elevation temperate mountains have long been considered species poor owing to high extinction or low speciation rates during the Pleistocene. We performed a phylogenetic and population genomic investigation of an emblematic high-elevation plant clade (Androsace sect. Aretia, 31 currently recognized species), based on plant surveys conducted during alpinism expeditions. We inferred that this clade originated in the Miocene and continued diversifying through Pleistocene glaciations, and discovered three novel species of Androsace dwelling on different bedrock types on the rooftops of the Alps. This highlights that temperate high mountains have been cradles of plant diversity even during the Pleistocene, with in-situ speciation driven by the combined action of geography and geology. Our findings have an unexpected historical relevance: H.-B. de Saussure likely observed one of these species during his 1788 expedition to the Mont Blanc and we describe it here, over two hundred years after its first sighting.
Dynamic modulation of social influence by indirect reciprocity
Authors: Zonca Joshua , Folsø Anna , Sciutti Alessandra
Published: May 2021

Indirect reciprocity is a pervasive social norm that promotes human cooperation. Helping someone establishes a good reputation, increasing the probability of receiving help from others. Here we hypothesize that indirect reciprocity regulates not only cooperative behavior but also the exchange of opinions within a social group. In a novel interactive perceptual task (Experiment 1), we show that participants relied more on the judgments of an alleged human partner when a second alleged peer had been endorsing participants’ opinions. By doing so, participants did not take into account the reliability of their partners’ judgments and did not maximize behavioral accuracy and monetary reward. This effect declined when participants did not expect future interactions with their partners, suggesting the emergence of downstream mechanisms of reciprocity linked to the management of reputation. Importantly, all these effects disappeared when participants knew that the partners’ responses were computer-generated (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that, within a social group, individuals may weight others’ opinions through indirect reciprocity, highlighting the emergence of normative distortions in the process of information transmission among humans.
Penetration of sweet cherry skin by 45Ca-salts: pathways and factors
Authors: Winkler Andreas , Knoche Moritz
Published: May 2021

Calcium is beneficial to sweet cherry physiology. The objective was to investigate factors affecting uptake of Ca into mature sweet cherry fruit through their skins. Penetration of 45Ca-salts was monitored using whole fruit or excised fruit skins mounted in diffusion cells. Penetration of 45CaCl2 into intact fruit and through excised skins increased with time. Sealing the pedicel/fruit junction decreased penetration, but sealing the stylar scar had no effect. There was little difference in permeances of the fruit skin to 45CaCl2, 45Ca(NO3)2, 45Ca-formate, 45Ca-acetate, 45Ca-lactate or 45Ca-propionate. Only 45Ca-heptagluconate penetrated at a slower rate. Increasing temperature markedly increased Ca-penetration. Penetration was most rapid at 35 °C, intermediate at 22 °C and slowest at 12 °C. Increasing relative humidity (RH) from 0, 28, 75 to 100% increased penetration of 45CaCl2, but penetration of 45Ca-formate was restricted to 100% RH. Increasing the RH from 50 to 100% at 96 h after droplet application had no effect on penetration of 45CaCl2, but increased penetration of 45Ca-formate. The results reveal that: (1) the fruit/pedicel junction is a site of preferential Ca-uptake and (2) Ca-penetration is limited by the mobility of the Ca ion in the dried-down droplet residue when the point of deliquescence of the applied salt exceeds the ambient RH.
Kefir metabolites in a fly model for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Batista Letícia Leandro , Malta Serena Mares , Guerra Silva Heitor Cappato , Borges Luiza Diniz Ferreira , Rocha Lays Oliveira , da Silva Jéssica Regina , Rodrigues Tamiris Sabrina , Venturini Gabriela , Padilha Kallyandra , da Costa Pereira Alexandre , Espindola Foued Salmen , Ueira-Vieira Carlos
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly individuals worldwide, leading to a strong motor-cognitive decline and consequent emotional distress and codependence. It is traditionally characterized by amyloidogenic pathway formation of senile plaques, and recent studies indicate that dysbiosis is also an important factor in AD’s pathology. To overcome dysbiosis, probiotics—as kefir—have shown to be a great therapeutic alternative for Alzheimer’s disease. In this present work, we explored kefir as a probiotic and a metabolite source as a modulator of microbiome and amyloidogenic pathway, using a Drosophila melanogaster model for AD (AD-like flies). Kefir microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA sequencing, and the metabolome of each fraction (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) was investigated. After treatment, flies had their survival, climbing ability, and vacuolar lesions accessed. Kefir and fraction treated flies improved their climbing ability survival rate and neurodegeneration index. In conclusion, we show that kefir in natura, as well as its fractions may be promising therapeutic source against AD, modulating amyloidogenic related pathways.
Small molecule inhibitors of the mitochondrial ClpXP protease possess cytostatic potential and re-sensitize chemo-resistant cancers
Authors: Meßner Martina , Mandl Melanie M. , Hackl Mathias W. , Reinhardt Till , Ardelt Maximilian A. , Szczepanowska Karolina , Frädrich Julian E. , Waschke Jens , Jeremias Irmela , Fux Anja , Stahl Matthias , Vollmar Angelika M. , Sieber Stephan A. , Pachmayr Johanna
Published: May 2021

The human mitochondrial ClpXP protease complex (HsClpXP) has recently attracted major attention as a target for novel anti-cancer therapies. Despite its important role in disease progression, the cellular role of HsClpXP is poorly characterized and only few small molecule inhibitors have been reported. Herein, we screened previously established S. aureus ClpXP inhibitors against the related human protease complex and identified potent small molecules against human ClpXP. The hit compounds showed anti-cancer activity in a panoply of leukemia, liver and breast cancer cell lines. We found that the bacterial ClpXP inhibitor 334 impairs the electron transport chain (ETC), enhances the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and thereby promotes protein carbonylation, aberrant proteostasis and apoptosis. In addition, 334 induces cell death in re-isolated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) leukemia cells, potentiates the effect of DNA-damaging cytostatics and re-sensitizes resistant cancers to chemotherapy in non-apoptotic doses.
The association between four scoring systems and 30-day mortality among intensive care patients with sepsis: a cohort study
Authors: Hu Tianyang , Lv Huajie , Jiang Youfan
Published: May 2021

Several commonly used scoring systems (SOFA, SAPS II, LODS, and SIRS) are currently lacking large sample data to confirm the predictive value of 30-day mortality from sepsis, and their clinical net benefits of predicting mortality are still inconclusive. The baseline data, LODS score, SAPS II score, SIRS score, SOFA score, and 30-day prognosis of patients who met the diagnostic criteria of sepsis were retrieved from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) intensive care unit (ICU) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and comparisons between the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were conducted. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the net benefits between the four scoring systems and 30-day mortality of sepsis. For all cases in the cohort study, the AUC of LODS, SAPS II, SIRS, SOFA were 0.733, 0.787, 0.597, and 0.688, respectively. The differences between the scoring systems were statistically significant (all P-values < 0.0001), and stratified analyses (the elderly and non-elderly) also showed the superiority of SAPS II among the four systems. According to the DCA, the net benefit ranges in descending order were SAPS II, LODS, SOFA, and SIRS. For stratified analyses of the elderly or non-elderly groups, the results also showed that SAPS II had the most net benefit. Among the four commonly used scoring systems, the SAPS II score has the highest predictive value for 30-day mortality from sepsis, which is better than LODS, SIRS, and SOFA. The results of the DCA curves show that using the SAPS II score to predict the 30-day mortality of intensive care patients with sepsis to guide clinical applications may obtain the highest net benefit.
Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacteroides abscessus by pangenome-reverse vaccinology
Authors: Dar Hamza Arshad , Ismail Saba , Waheed Yasir , Ahmad Sajjad , Jamil Zubia , Aziz Hafsa , Hetta Helal F. , Muhammad Khalid
Published: May 2021

Mycobacteroides abscessus (Previously Mycobacterium abscessus) is an emerging microorganism of the newly defined genera Mycobacteroides that causes mainly skin and tissue diseases in humans. The recent availability of total 34 fully sequenced genomes of different strains belonging to this species has provided an opportunity to utilize this genomics data to gain novel insights and guide the development of specific antimicrobial therapies. In the present study, we collected collectively 34 complete genome sequences of M. abscessus from the NCBI GenBank database. Pangenome analysis was conducted on these genomes to understand the genetic diversity and to obtain proteins associated with its core genome. These core proteins were then subjected to various subtractive filters to identify potential antigenic targets that were subjected to multi-epitope vaccine design. Our analysis projected the open pangenome of M. abscessus containing 3443 core genes. After applying various stepwise filtration steps on the core proteins, a total of four potential antigenic targets were identified. Utilizing their constituent CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes, a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine was computationally designed. Sequence-based analysis as well as structural characterization revealed the immunological effectiveness of this designed vaccine. Further molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy estimation with Toll-like receptor 2 indicated strong structural associations of the vaccine with the immune receptor. The promising results are encouraging and need to be validated by additional wet laboratory studies for confirmation.
Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes
Authors: Wu Hao , Avner Paolo , Boisjoly Genevieve , Braga Carlos K. V. , El-Geneidy Ahmed , Huang Jie , Kerzhner Tamara , Murphy Brendan , Niedzielski Michał A. , Pereira Rafael H. M. , Pritchard John P. , Stewart Anson , Wang Jiaoe , Levinson David
Published: May 2021

Access (the ease of reaching valued destinations) is underpinned by land use and transport infrastructure. The importance of access in transport, sustainability, and urban economics is increasingly recognized. In particular, access provides a universal unit of measurement to examine cities for the efficiency of transport and land-use systems. This paper examines the relationship between population-weighted access and metropolitan population in global metropolitan areas (cities) using 30-min cumulative access to jobs for 4 different modes of transport; 117 cities from 16 countries and 6 continents are included. Sprawling development with the intensive road network in American cities produces modest automobile access relative to their sizes, but American cities lag behind globally in transit and walking access; Australian and Canadian cities have lower automobile access, but better transit access than American cities; combining compact development with an intensive network produces the highest access in Chinese and European cities for their sizes. Hence density and mobility co-produce better access. This paper finds access to jobs increases with populations sublinearly, so doubling the metropolitan population results in less than double access to jobs. The relationship between population and access characterizes regions, countries, and cities, and significant similarities exist between cities from the same country.
Metabolomics analysis provides new insights into the medicinal value of flavonoids in tobacco leaves
Authors: Hu Zuojian , Pan Ziyue , Yang Lujie , Wang Ke , Yang Pengyuan , Xu Zhiqiang , Yu Hongxiu
Published: May 2021

Tobacco is a traditional Chinese medicine containing a variety of biologically active substances.
A machine-readable online database for rate coefficients in radical polymerization
Authors: Van Herck Joren , Harrisson Simon , Hutchinson Robin A. , Russell Gregory T. , Junkers Tanja
Published: May 2021

An online database created and curated by an IUPAC subcommittee is introduced.
The phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional medicinal use ofGlechomae Herba– a systematic review
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Jiaxu , Zheng Senwang , Hou Ajiao , Wang Song , Yu Huan , Wang Xuejiao , Xu Yingjie , Kuang Haixue , Jiang Hai
Published: May 2021

Glechomae Herbais a Chinese herb, which has been used in China for thousands of years, mainly for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
Green and sustainable molten salt electrochemistry for the conversion of secondary carbon pollutants to advanced carbon materials
Authors: Chen Yunfei , Wang Mingyong , Zhang Jintao , Tu Jiguo , Ge Jianbang , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: May 2021

The electro-conversion progress of secondary carbon pollutants to advanced carbon materials through green and sustainable molten salt electrochemistry are reviewed systematically. The promising applications of carbon nanomaterials are highlighted.
In situ construction of active interfaces towards improved high-rate performance of CoSe2
Authors: Wang Bo , Miao Xiaowei , Dong Huilong , Ma Xue , Wu Jiajun , Cheng Yafei , Geng Hongbo , Li Cheng Chao
Published: May 2021

Ultrathin carbon flake supporting cobalt selenide nanosheets have been synthesized through a confined-regulated interfacial engineering strategy, which delivers superior rate capability and long cycling durability toward sodium ion batteries.
Electrochemical gating enhances nearfield trapping of single metalloprotein junctions
Authors: Aragonès Albert C. , Domke Katrin F.
Published: May 2021

Metalloprotein junctions are used as model systems in the field of molecular bioelectronics to mimic electronic circuits. The junction lifetime increase achieved with electrochemical nearfield trapping enables thorough junction characterisation.
CdSe quantum dot/white graphene hexagonal porous boron nitride sheet (h-PBNs) heterostructure photocatalyst for solar driven H2 production
Authors: Raheman A. R. Shakeelur , Mane Rupali S. , Wilson Higgins M. , Jha Neetu
Published: May 2021

In the world of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their high surface area, abundant active sites, and excellent photogenerated charge separation properties.
Table‐based formal specification approaches for control engineers—empirical studies of usability
Authors: Cha Suhyun , Vogel‐Heuser Birgit , Weigl Alexander , Ulbrich Mattias , Beckert Bernhard
Published: May 2021

The dependability characteristic of the control software of manufacturing systems is highlighted more than before, going through repeated changes to cope with various and varying requirements. Formal methods are researched to be applied to automation system engineering to obtain a more effective and efficient quality assurance. One of the approaches, a formal specification language named Generalised Test Tables has been developed with the aim of intuitiveness and accessibility for automation application developers. The result of the experiments conducted to assess the usability of this language is presented here. Focussing on evaluating effectiveness and user satisfaction, three paper‐based experiments have been conducted with students at the bachelor and master level. The evaluation results point to positive usability in both comparative effectiveness to conventional language, that is, Petri Nets, and subjective perception of user satisfaction.
Finite‐time convergence for bilateral teleoperation systems with disturbance and time‐varying delays
Authors: Dao Phuong Nam , Nguyen Van Tinh , Liu Yen‐Chen
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the robust finite‐time sliding mode control algorithms for nonlinear bilateral teleoperators in the presence of variable time delays and disturbances. In this paper, the designs of terminal sliding control are proposed to guarantee the finite‐time convergence of not only the sliding variables but also the coordination errors on position tracking. The proposed control algorithm is able to ensure finite‐time convergence without requiring the relative velocities and power signal in the communication channel. Additionally, the finite‐time controller is developed with additional terms of sign and exponential function to tackle the variable time delay between two sides in bilateral teleoperators. The Lyapunov synthesis principle and additional lemmas are exploited to ensure the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system in the presence of delays and disturbance. The situations of free‐motion, passive, and non‐passive human/environment forces are considered for finite‐time convergence without the need of acceleration signals. Finally, numerical examples and experimental studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
A dual‐input DC‐DC structure with high voltage gain suggested for hybrid energy systems
Authors: Pourjafar Saeed , Shayeghi Hossein , Sedaghat Farzad , SeyedShenava SeyedJalal
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a non‐isolated dual‐input DC‐DC converter with high voltage rate recommended for hybrid renewable sources/energy storage applications. The suggested converter can transfer power between two different sources in different conditions and can also provide the required energy of the load at the desired voltage level. The output voltage can be improved by utilizing magnetic coupling and a super voltage lift circuit (SLVC). The maximum voltage through the semiconductors can be decreased by using the SLVC technique. In addition, the suggested converter can draw continuous input current from two input DC supplies that lead to an increase in the lifetime of the input supplies. Besides, there is soft‐switching capability throughout the diodes, which leads to alleviate the reverse recovery losses and improve efficiency. To prove the performance of the suggested topology, the technical survey and mathematical analysis are carried out in the literature. A laboratory prototype with 20 and 12 V input DC supplies is prepared in this work to demonstrate the correctness of the recommenced converter operation.
Die Verhaltensanalyse
Authors: Broda Michael , Wilms Hans-Ulrich
Published: May 2021

Die Verhaltensanalyse ist das zentrale Arbeitsmittel der Verhaltenstherapie und eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung zur Fallkonzeptualisierung und für den Behandlungsplan. Sie beinhaltet eine funktionale Betrachtung eines Problems/Symptoms und verzichtet auf den Versuch einer kausalen Ursachenidentifikation.
Psychosomatische Aspekte bei Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Gunold Hilka
Published: May 2021

Vorhofflimmern (VHFL) stellt die häufigste Rhythmusstörung dar. Bei jüngeren Patienten verläuft das zumeist paroxysmale VHFL häufig hochsymptomatisch, während es von älteren Patienten erstaunlich oft beschwerdefrei toleriert wird. Für beide kann die reale oder subjektiv bedrohliche Assoziation mit der Erkrankung destabilisierend sein. Eine Vielzahl klassischer kardialer und psychosozialer Faktoren verursachen bzw. triggern VHFL.
Expert-level classification of gastritis by endoscopy using deep learning: a multicenter diagnostic trial
Authors: Mu Ganggang , Zhu Yijie , Niu Zhanyue , Ding Shigang , Yu Honggang , Li Hongyan , Wu Lianlian , Wang Jing , Luo Renquan , Hu Xiao , Li Yanxia , Zhang Jixiang , Hu Shan , Li Chao
Published: May 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosis of gastritis. Endoscopists have low accuracy in diagnosing atrophic gastritis with white-light endoscopy (WLE). High-risk factors (such as atrophic gastritis [AG]) for carcinogenesis demand early detection. Deep learning (DL)-based gastritis classification with WLE rarely has been reported. We built a system for improving the accuracy of diagnosis of AG with WLE to assist with this common gastritis diagnosis and help lessen endoscopist fatigue.

Methods We collected a total of 8141 endoscopic images of common gastritis, other gastritis, and non-gastritis in 4587 cases and built a DL -based system constructed with UNet + + and Resnet-50. A system was developed to sort common gastritis images layer by layer: The first layer included non-gastritis/common gastritis/other gastritis, the second layer contained AG/non-atrophic gastritis, and the third layer included atrophy/intestinal metaplasia and erosion/hemorrhage. The convolutional neural networks were tested with three separate test sets.

Results Rates of accuracy for classifying non-atrophic gastritis/AG, atrophy/intestinal metaplasia, and erosion/hemorrhage were 88.78 %, 87.40 %, and 93.67 % in internal test set, 91.23 %, 85.81 %, and 92.70 % in the external test set ,and 95.00 %, 92.86 %, and 94.74 % in the video set, respectively. The hit ratio with the segmentation model was 99.29 %. The accuracy for detection of non-gastritis/common gastritis/other gastritis was 93.6 %.

Conclusions The system had decent specificity and accuracy in classification of gastritis lesions. DL has great potential in WLE gastritis classification for assisting with achieving accurate diagnoses after endoscopic procedures.
Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Chemical Complexity of Dioecious
Authors: Welling Matthew T. , Deseo Myrna A. , Bacic Antony , Doblin Monika S.
Published: May 2021

Cannabis is a mostly dioecious multi-use flowering plant genus. Sexual dimorphism is an important characteristic in Cannabis-based commercial production systems, which has consequences for fibre, seed, and the yield of secondary metabolites, such as phytocannabinoid and terpenes for therapeutic uses. Beyond the obvious morphological differences between male and female plants, metabolic variation among dioecious flowers is largely undefined. Here, we report a pilot metabolomic study comparing staminate (male) and pistillate (female) unisexual flowers. Enrichment of the α-linolenic acid pathway and consensus evaluation of the jasmonic acid (JA) related compound 12-oxo-phytodienoicacid (OPDA) among differentially abundant metabolites suggests that oxylipin signalling is associated with secondary metabolism and sex expression in female flowers. Several putative phytocannabinoid-like compounds were observed to be upregulated in female flowers, but full identification was not possible due to the limitation of available databases. Targeted analysis of 14 phytocannabinoids using certified reference standards (cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9-THCAA), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinolic acid (CBNA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)) showed a higher total phytocannabinoid content in female flowers compared with the male flowers, as expected. In summary, the development of a phytocannabinoid-specific accurate-mass MSn fragmentation spectral library and gene pool representative metabolome has the potential to improve small molecule compound annotation and accelerate understanding of metabolic variation underlying phenotypic diversity in Cannabis.
The persistence of a SIR disease in a metapopulation: Hendra virus epidemics in Australian black flying foxes (
Authors: Jeong Jaewoon , McCallum Hamish
Published: May 2021

Understanding how emerging viruses persist in bat populations is a fundamental step to understand the processes by which viruses are transmitted from reservoir hosts to spillover hosts. Hendra virus, which has caused fatal infections in horses and humans in eastern Australia since 1994, spills over from its natural reservoir hosts, Pteropus bats (colloquially known as flying foxes). It has been suggested that the Hendra virus maintenance mechanism in the bat populations might be implicated with their metapopulation structure. Here, we examine whether a metapopulation consisting of black flying fox (P. alecto) colonies that are smaller than the critical community size can maintain the Hendra virus. By using the Gillespie algorithm, stochastic mathematical models were used to simulate a cycle, in which viral extinction and recolonisation were repeated in a single colony within a metapopulation. Given estimated flying fox immigration rates, the simulation results showed that recolonisation occurred more frequently than extinction, which indicated that infection would not go extinct in the metapopulation. Consequently, this study suggests that a collection of transient epidemics of Hendra virus in numerous colonies of flying foxes in Australia can support the long-term persistence of the virus at the metapopulation level.
Effects of an odd particle on shape phase transitions in odd-even systems *
Authors: Xiu Chang , Zhang Yu , Li Ming-Jin , Yang Jie , Chen Yan-Xia
Published: May 2021

A scheme to solve the Hamiltonian in the interacting boson-fermion model in terms of the SU(3) coupling basis is introduced, through which the effects of an odd particle on shape phase transitions (SPTs) in odd-A nuclei are examined by comparing the critical behaviors of some selected quantities in odd-even and even-even systems. The results indicate that the spherical to prolate (U(5)-SU(3)) SPT and spherical to

-soft (U(5)-O(6)) SPT may clearly occur in the odd-even system with the SPT signatures revealed by various quantities including the excitation energies, energy ratio,

ratio, quadrupole moments, and one-particle-transfer spectroscopic intensities. In particular, the results indicate that the spherical to prolate SPT in the odd-even system can even be strengthened by the effects of the odd particle with the large fluctuations of the quadrupole deformations appearing near the critical point.
Light fragment and neutron emission in high-energy proton induced spallation reactions *
Authors: Cheng Hui-Gan , Feng Zhao-Qing
Published: May 2021

The dynamics of high-energy proton-induced spallation reactions on target nuclides of 56Fe, 58Ni, 107Ag, 112Cd, 184W, 181Ta, 197Au, and 208Pb are investigated with the quantum molecular dynamics transport model motivated by the China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) in Huizhou and the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in Dongguan. The production mechanism of light nuclides and fission fragments is thoroughly analyzed, and the results obtained thereby are compared with available experimental data. The statistical code GEMINI is employed in conjunction with a transport model for describing the decay of primary fragments. For the treatment of cluster emission during the preequilibrium stage, a surface coalescence model is implemented into the model. It is found that the available data in terms of total fragment yields are well reproduced in the combined approach for spallation reactions both on the heavy and light targets. The energetic light nuclides (deuteron, triton, helium isotopes etc) mainly created during the preequilibrium stage are treated within the framework of surface coalescence, whereas their evaporation is described in the conventional manner by the GEMINI code. With this combined approach, a good overall description of light clusters and neutron emission is obtained, and some discrepancies with the experimental data are discussed. Possible production of radioactive isotopes in the spallation reactions is also analyzed, i.e., the 6,8He energy spectra.
Perspective Approaches of Stranded Gas Fields Monetization in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Melnikov G S , Lunkova L G , Gulkova S G , Nikitina A V , Gulkov A N
Published: May 2021

The future growth and development potential of the Russian oil and gas industry is concentrated in the Arctic. Most of Russia’s gas reserves - about 70% [1] - are in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. One of the key issues in the monetization of gas is the logistics problem of delivering gas from the field to a consumer with high profitability. The work identified three key areas of natural gas delivery: pipeline transport, LNG production and Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology. The paper is provided analysis of these methods of developing gas fields. As a result, recommendations for the use of each of them is evaluated.
The level of knowledge Of Wheat Farmers in Axial Irrigation by Applying Practical Recommendations in The Upper Euphrates / Anbar Governorate (2020/2021)
Authors: Maagal S. A. , Ali M. K.
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to determine the knowledge level of wheat Farmers with pivotal irrigation by applying scientific recommendations in regions of the upper Euphrates/Anbar Governorate in general, and to identify the correlation coefficient between knowledge of farmers and some independent variables, as well as to determine the relationship of regression between knowledge of farmers and the group of variables studied. The regions of the upper Euphrates region were chosen to conduct the current research. The research population included all farmers who use pivotal sprinkler irrigation systems in the upper Euphrates in Anbar Governorate, and are officially registered in the Anbar Agriculture Directorate, whose number are (741) farmers* distributed among (7) agricultural divisions, A proportional random sample was selected from each division, with percentage of (20%) becomes of (140) farmers who represent the research sample. For the purpose of collecting data from the respondents a questionnaire form composed of two parts was prepared, first part: it included a number of questions to obtain data related to some independent variables related to the respondents, and the second, included (50) standard items to measure the respondents’knowledge distributed into four field, which is System configuration, operation, irrigation, maintenance and fertilizer use, The results showed that The general level of farmers’knowledge of the scientific recommendations related to pivot sprinkler irrigation is high, tending to medium. From this it follows the farmers’ awareness of the importance of information and knowledge related to pivot irrigation, and there are 37.2% of the respondents are in the medium and low categories. The researcher recommended, that necessity to provide material and moral support to farmers with a high level of knowledge in order to continue implementing the scientific recommendations as well as to motivate farmers in the middle and lower categories to work as their peers from the superior farmers, and necessity to prepare and implement extension activities for farmers with a low level of knowledge.
Classification method of carbonate reservoir welltest interpretation model based on long and short-term memory network
Authors: Lu Jinghan , Wu Minglu
Published: May 2021

The development of carbonate reservoirs is inseparable from the measurement of formation parameters, and well test interpretation techniques are often used to determine these parameters. Determining the carbonate reservoir type according to the shape of the well test interpretation curve will help people better understand the reservoir situation and enable more precise well test interpretation. This research focusing on the well test interpretation of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs combined with the actual data of the mine field and uses deep learning algorithms such as feature value extraction, clustering and neural network training to classify the types of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Neural network training is further carried out for different types of carbonate reservoirs, so as to achieve the purpose of identifying reservoir types at the algorithm level.
Influence Analysis of Rated Capacity on Stress Level of Portal Slewing Crane Based on Data Mining
Authors: Wen Haobai , Li Jing
Published: May 2021

Portal slewing crane is used frequently and the working conditions is poor. Rated capacity is the main technical parameter of crane. In this paper, according to different rated capacities, high stress value measuring points are selected by means of statistical test data samples, and the relationship between the overall stress and the rated capacity as well as the distribution law of each position are determined. Furthermore, the stress distribution law of high stress value measuring points and the stress characteristics of each position on cranes with different rated capacities are excavated.
Research and exploration on production decline curve model of shale oil and gas
Authors: Zou Yongling , Wang Juan , Cai Liang , Cao Jun , Su Jianhua
Published: May 2021

The inconsistency of shale oil and gas production decline prediction methods leads to the inconsistency of shale oil and gas production decline curve prediction. Aiming at this problem, this paper introduces five commonly used shale oil and gas production decline curve models: typical curve model based on ARPS model, modified hyperbolic decline model, power index model, mixed typical curve model and Duong model. The prediction methods of uncertainty typical curve model and certainty typical curve model are studied. The results show that the production history of multistage fractured horizontal wells is not long enough, and it is difficult to verify the production decline in the later stage, so it is suggested to use hyperbolic decline model or modified hyperbolic decline model. Aiming at the blocks with production data, a prediction method of uncertain shale oil and gas production decline based on production performance data is proposed. The results are in good agreement with the actual production data, and can be used in oilfield production allocation. Due to the characteristics of shale reservoir such as nanometer pore size, nadasi permeability, strong heterogeneity and high fracturing strength of long horizontal wells, the output of shale oil and gas wells varies greatly. The typical production decline curve obtained by deterministic method has certain risk.
Study on Pore Structure and Seepage Characteristics in Huhenuoren Oilfield
Authors: Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2021

Pore structure and seepage characteristics have been studied in view of the problem of watercut rose rapidly in Nantun formation of huhenuoren oilfield of Hailar basin. Fan delta deposition with characteristics of close resource, rapidly accumulation results in pore distribution does not uniform, communication are weak. Throat distribution takes on dual peak. Left peak corresponds to smaller throat, which is invalid throat; Right peak corresponds to bigger throat, which is valid throat and seepage channel. There exists big difference in pore structure. Microanisotropy is very strong. Movable oil saturation is relatively low. Water relative permeability takes on convex shape. Strong water sensitivity and big Jamin effect brought about that injection water hard to displace oil below 1μm throat radius. The oil production above 1μm throat radius is about 77% of total oil production by NMR test. Throats above 1μm radius are preferred path of injection water, are the main reason for watercut rising rapidly.
Three-dimensional linear seismic analysis of normal concrete gravity dam
Authors: He Taolin , Zhu Bo , Kui Ren
Published: May 2021

The three-dimensional linear finite element model is established for the bottom outlet dam section of concrete gravity dam. Mode-superposition response spectrum method and the massless foundation time history method are adopted to analyze the static and dynamic comprehensive stress response and displacement response of the dam under the action of the standard response spectrum of the design earthquake or the corresponding artificial wave under the action of design earthquake and check earthquake. The results show that the dam works well in seismic condition. In addition, the influence of radiation damping of infinite foundation on the dynamic response of the dam section under different seismic waves is analysed. By comparing the dynamic and static comprehensive stress changes of the dam, it shows that after considering the radiation damping effect of the infinite foundation, the dynamic response of the dam body is significantly reduced.
An active indoor formaldehyde purification device
Authors: Wang Yunqing
Published: May 2021

Formaldehyde is one of the main sources of indoor air pollution, and the removal effect of formaldehyde of common indoor air purification methods such as placing activated carbon bags or green plants and opening windows for ventilation is not ideal. This paper introduces an active indoor formaldehyde purification device that uses a motor to form the air convection and thus purify the polluted air twice. The multiple activated carbon tubes on the device increase the contact area between the activated carbon and polluted air thereby improve the purification efficiency. The experimental detection has proven that the active indoor formaldehyde purification device has a much better formaldehyde removal effect than ordinary activated carbon products, and has high practical value.
Research on Intelligent Transportation Logistics Technology Based on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction
Authors: Xue Pu , Weipeng Luo
Published: May 2021

Through the analysis of the relationship between logistics and economy, energy and environment, a mathematical model for the path optimization of multiple logistics distribution centres for energy conservation and emission reduction in logistics is established. According to the characteristics of the problem, a genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the problem, and the path optimization problem of multiple logistics distribution centres is integrated and solved by a mathematical model. This thesis establishes a mathematical model of the path optimization problem of multiple logistics distribution centres. This article proposes the concept of invalid genes, which is not limited to making every gene in an individual must be expressed, thus enhancing the flexibility of coding. Simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and operability of the method.
Research on the Stock and Flow of Plastic Resources in China’s Environment
Authors: Su Qingxiang
Published: May 2021

The waste of plastic resources and environmental pollution with the rapid growth of plastic production and consumption is becoming more and more serious, so the study of the metabolic process of plastic resources is very important to save resources and protect the environment. This paper examines the life cycle metabolic process of plastics accumulated through 2018 in China from production and use to eventual abandonment. The research shows that the metabolic scale of plastic in China is huge, and the influence of disposable plastic products on plastic metabolism is very large. Waste plastic is a very important direction for resource loss.
Empirical Study on Urban Waterlogging Data Governance Model Based on DID
Authors: Yan Chaohua , Chen Weike , Yang Yangyang , Dong Jing , Qiao Risheng
Published: May 2021

In this paper, 11 communities in Xiqing District of Tianjin are selected as the research objects. According to the data and information of drainage network during 2010-2020, the effect of urban waterlogging control after the application of data management model in 2016 is tested by using double check difference method. The empirical results show that the implementation of data governance model has a positive effect on reducing the vulnerability of urban drainage network and can improve the governance efficiency; It is advisable to take the fragility of urban drainage network as an important parameter in urban waterlogging control.
Fault analysis and maintenance of high voltage transmission line
Authors: Yi Ren
Published: May 2021

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of power transmission scale, high voltage transmission lines also began to appear. We can see that high-voltage transmission lines provide security for social development, at the same time, we can not ignore its later maintenance and management work. In the operation process of high-voltage transmission line, it will be affected by various factors and prone to failure, which will bring a certain impact on people’s life and production, and even directly threaten human life safety, health and property safety. High voltage transmission is a highly technical work, which is special in itself. If the technology can not keep up or the supervision is weak, it may lead to safety problems. External environmental factors will also significantly interfere with high voltage transmission. Therefore, it will focus on the analysis of high voltage transmission factors, operation characteristics and maintenance measures.
Influence of SnO2, ZnO and TiO2 layer on the performance of CIGS and CdTe solar cells
Authors: Zhan Pengcheng , Chen Jun , Chen Liangyan
Published: May 2021

As a type electron transmission layer, SnO2, ZnO and TiO2 layer were applied as a buffer between transparent conductive oxide and n-CdS layer in CIGS and CdTe solar cells. J-V curve of device with three different buffer layer were simulated theoretically through Poisson equation and electron-hole continuity equation. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor and conversion efficiency were derived. It’s shown that for CdTe solar cells, performance of device with three kind of buffer layers SnO2, ZnO and TiO2 did not differ two much. While for the CIGS solar cells, device with TiO2 showed a small fill factor, then leading to a lower conversion efficiency. Transparent oxide SnO2 and ZnO were suggested for the buffer layer for optimization CIGS and CdTe solar structure depending on the art of manufacturing.
Effects of microbial agents on soil properties in greenhouse complex
Authors: Han Lin , Sergey Inshakov , Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

In this experiment, four different amounts of microbial fertilizers of 10, 20, 30, 40 g were used as treatments, and the amount of no added microbial fertilizers was used as a control to study the effects of microbial fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of soil. The measured soil physical and chemical properties include soil bulk density, soil pH, and organic matter content to obtain the optimal application amount of microbial fertilizer to improve the soil.
Effects of insect frass and distiller’s grains on physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil
Authors: Guo Xueqi , Zhao Baiying , Mao Zhiyue , Wang Xiaobo , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2021

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of black soldier fly feces and distiller’s grains on the physicochemical properties of moderate saline alkali soil. Results showed that the application of insect feces and distiller’s grains significantly increased the contents of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil, and reduced soil pH. After the treatment of 2% insect feces mixed with 2% distillates, the available nitrogen content of saline alkali soil was the highest, which was 95.74% higher than that of the control. It can be seen that the combination of 2% insect feces and 2% distiller’s grains was best suited to improve the saline alkali soil properties under the condition of this experiment.
A Brief Overview of Texture and Anisotropy
Authors: Rollett Anthony D. , Gottstein Günter
Published: May 2021

A brief overview of the state of texture and anisotropy is provided with the motive of inspiring younger readers to engage in this topic. The International Conference on Texture of Materials ICOTOM has been active since 1969 up through the recent 19th meeting in Japan in 2021. The series initially focused on the problem of reconstructing three-dimensional orientation distributions from diffraction data which typically provided two-dimensional projections in the form of pole figures following the pioneering work of Bunge [1] and Roe [2]. In recent years, the advent of automated orientation mapping in the scanning electron microscope [3] and 3D mapping via synchrotron x-rays [4][5] has provided vastly more detailed data on texture and, crucially, has connected texture more closely with microstructure. Alongside this has been the development of simulation tools to predict texture formation and the anisotropic properties of polycrystalline materials. This has mostly been a accomplished via a mix of mesoscale models, e.g. [6], and more detailed methods that include microstructure. The latter are predominantly based on the finite element method complemented by the spectral method [7].
Analysis of the Effect of Parking on Road Bodies on Road Service Levels
Authors: Akbar M , Paresa J , Pamuttu D L
Published: May 2021

The city of Merauke is now one of the fastest cities in Papua Province. Along with the high urban accessibility, the city of Merauke is also included as a city with heavy traffic. Business Complex cannot be separated from the pull of traffic movement, often causing traffic jams, one of which is caused by the presence of illegal parking on the street (on-street parking). This research was conducted on primary road qualifications, namely the Mandala highway. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of road service and the degree of saturation and the effect of road performance services due to on-street parking. Research methods conducted include a volume survey with traffic counts and parking observations. The calculation uses the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI). Based on the results of calculation traffic volume on weekdays during peak hours under normal conditions, the service level B (0.21-0.44). From the results of these calculations indicate that the performance of the Mandala Highway is classified as busy traffic. Whereas on weekdays with the condition that there is on-street parking, the service level decreases to C (0.45-0.74) in five hours during busy times. The results of this calculation indicate that the performance of the Mandala Highway will decrease by one level if there is parking on the road body (on-street parking).