bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis and prognosis of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning in a patient with schizophrenia: A case report
Authors: Satake Yuto , Mamiya Yoshimasa , Kano Shizuka , Akizuki Katsuhiko , Hashimoto Mamoru , Ikeda Manabu
Published: June 2024

Background

Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) is a syndrome that appears days to weeks after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. DNS shows various neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as mental deterioration and parkinsonism.

Case Presentation

Our case was a 37‐year‐old male with schizophrenia. He attempted suicide by CO poisoning and was brought to our emergency department (Day 0). He was ventilated with normobaric oxygen therapy for 3 days and moved to the psychiatric ward with clear consciousness. We restarted antipsychotics, and he gradually presented akinesia and rigidity. Additionally, around Day 32, he showed disorganized behaviors, mental deterioration, incontinence, and gait disturbance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed slightly abnormal findings on Day 35. Although we suspected DNS on the clinical course and the MRI findings, catatonia and side‐effects of antipsychotics were also considered. Finally, electroencephalography (EEG) on Day 38 with apparent abnormalities, including diffuse slow waves, resulted in our diagnosis of DNS, and he underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. His condition was dramatically improved, and his diffuse slow waves on EEG disappeared on Day 83. We also followed his clinical presentations and brain MRI until 33 months. Throughout the whole follow‐up, his cognition, movement, and psychiatric symptoms remained stable. However, his brain MRI showed progressive atrophy in bilateral frontal lobes and increasing white matter lesions throughout the whole course.

Conclusion

EEG, as well as brain MRI, may be crucial in the differential diagnosis of DNS in patients with complex conditions involving medications and severe mental illnesses.
Fabrication of chitosan/sericin/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber with silver nanoparticles for wound dressing applications
Authors: Gundhavi Devi M. , Arun Karthick S.
Published: June 2024

Developing wound dressings with healing properties is a crucial requirement, especially in developing countries. In this research work, chitosan is extracted from Monomia gladiator crab shells for the first time to fabricate a novel wound dressing. The prepared chitosan (CS) is blended with silk sericin (SS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in three different ratios of PVA:CS:SS (100:0:0), PVA:CS:SS (80:10:10) – AgNPs, and PVA:CS:SS (50:25:25) – AgNPs to produce nanofibers. The developed nanofibers were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile testing, and antibacterial activity to study their fiber size, tensile strength, and bactericidal properties, respectively. The cell viability test against L929 cells demonstrates that the prepared wound dressing is noncytotoxic and facilitates cell proliferation. In vivo research on a full‐thickness excision wound model states that the incorporation of SS, CS, and AgNPs into the PVA introduces a novel multifunctional advancement in wound dressing, offering versatile benefits by promoting reepithelialization and collagen deposition. In summary, PVA:CS:SS(50:25:25)‐AgNPs can serve as an excellent wound dressing.

Highlights

CS extracted from Monomia gladiator crab shells.

The extracted CS is blended with SS, PVA and AgNPs to fabricate nanofibers.

The inclusion of CS and SS exhibited good tensile strength and antibacterial activity.

PVA:CS:SS(50:25:25)‐AgNPs served as an excellent wound dressing.
Study on hydrophobic modification of starch‐based foam with fumigating and spraying
Authors: Sun Gang , Yuan Zhiqing , Sun Chenyu , Wang Yunchun
Published: June 2024

To enhance water resistance of starch‐based foam, based on the porous and irregular surface feature of foam, fumigating hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and spraying nano‐SiO2/ethanol solution were utilized to enhance hydrophobic properties of the starch‐based foam. Homemade starch‐molded foams were used for hydrophobic modification studies, the results showed that fumigating HMDS can lead to the formation of “Si‐O‐C” bonds between HMDS and starch. Additionally, it can form more stable “Si‐O‐Si” bonds with nano‐SiO2 in the original composites, which can better adhere to the surface of the starch foam to effectively create a waterproof barrier layer. On the basis of HMDS fumigation modification, hydrophobicity was significantly enhanced by further spraying of nano‐SiO2/ethanol solution. When the mass ratio of nano‐SiO2 to ethanol was 6:100, the combination of HMDS and nano‐SiO2 was optimal, while making the roughness of the foam surface suitable, at which time, the contact angle reached 155°, the maximum value under this system, indicating that the hydrophobicity was optimal. The fumigation and spraying method can evenly and comprehensively act on the surface of the porous and irregular starch‐based foam, which facilitates the waterproof post‐treatment process of the industrial application process and has strong practical significance.

Highlights

Fumigated with HMDS, the starch foam's exhibit some hydrophobic effect.

Fumigation followed by spraying is effective in enhancing the hydrophobicity of starch foams.

Both the fumigation method and the spray method are suitable for the post‐treatment of hydrophobic of starch foams.
Synthesis of a water‐soluble high hydroxymethyl content phenolic resin crosslinker and the associated polyacrylamide weak gel property investigation
Authors: He Jie , Ye Zi , Liao Dong , Chen Qing‐mei , Liu Hang‐rui , Fan Hai‐bo , Luo Min , Zhong Cheng
Published: June 2024

As an in‐depth profile control agent, water‐soluble phenolic resin crosslinking polyacrylamide weak gel has been widely used in the middle and high water cut stage of water flooding reservoir. In this study, the phenolic resin was synthesized by two‐step alkali catalysis. Factors influencing the synthesis of phenolic resin, including the molar ratio of phenol and formaldehyde, catalyst types, reaction time, were investigated with hydroxylmethyl and aldehyde content as the criterion. When the molar ratio of phenolic resin was 1:2 and NaOH was catalyst, at 80°C for 4 h, the phenolic resin had the highest hydroxymethyl content (49.37%) and the lowest free aldehyde content (2.95%). Weak gel was formed by the reaction of LT002‐polyacrylamide with phenolic resin. Taking the gelation time and strength as criteria, the factors influencing the crosslinking property, including hydroxymethyl content, crosslinker addition, and polyacrylamide concentration were investigated respectively. Under optimal formulation, the property investigation shows that the hydroxymethyl group in the phenolic resin can be crosslinked with the amide group in polyacrylamide, the gelation time is long (50–60 h), and the gelation strength is larger than 5 × 104 mPa s, which is conductive to the plugging of deep oil layers. When the permeability was 5061 × 10−3 μm2, the plugging rate was 72.73%.
La[N(SiMe3)2]3: A highly active catalyst for the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate
Authors: Hirano Naoto , Yoshida Hiroaki , Ando Tsuyoshi , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: June 2024

Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) has been extensively researched as biomaterials due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its limited mechanical strength has restricted its application in various commodity materials, necessitating an enhancement through higher molecular weight. A traditional method for synthesizing high molecular weight PTMC mainly involves SnOct2 as a polymerization catalyst, conducting trimethylene carbonate (TMC) polymerization at high temperatures over several days. This approach consumes significant time and energy, making further molecular weight enhancement challenging. In this study, we polymerized TMC using the highly active catalyst La[N(SiMe3)2]3. We have successfully synthesized high molecular weight PTMC (Mn >500,000) within minutes at room temperature. The tensile test results of PTMC molding films demonstrated strain‐induced crystallization specific to high molecular weight PTMC.
Group transfer polymerization of polar conjugated monomers using pinacolborane and thiourea anions
Authors: Zhao Xiuzhen , Cai Yin , Chen Jishi , Fu Aiping , Ge Fang
Published: June 2024

Group transfer polymerization (GTP) plays a crucial role in polymerizing (methyl) acrylate. The utilization of cheap and easily synthesized thiourea anion (TUA) combined with pinacolborane (HBpin) undergoes controlled GTPs of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylate (MA), and α‐methylenebutyrolactone (MBL) at ambient temperature. The mechanistic study reveals that the TUA′‐1 having ‐NEt2 moiety works out as a cocatalyst to assist HBpin undergoes the 1,4‐hydroboration reaction with α, β‐unsaturated acrylates to in situ generate a boron enolate (boryl ketene acetal [BKA]). Different from typical GTP, in which silyl ketene acetal (SKA) is used as an initiator, this work shows that BKA could act as an initiator with the assistance of the cocatalyst TUA′‐1 to generate the polymer. The chain end groups of the obtained polymer are characterized by MALDI‐TOF‐MS, indicating one of the chain ends features a hydride from the HBpin and another chain end has a linear or back‐biting cyclic structure. Moreover, the polymerization process is strongly supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The application of BKA expands the research area of GTP reactions. The tunable and structural properties of TUA/hydroboranes significantly broaden the types of initiators in the GTP and pave a new methodology to achieve functional polymers.
The European Voice of the Patient living with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease: Diagnosis, symptoms, impacts, and treatments
Authors: Piccari Lucilla , Kovacs Gabor , Jones Steve , Skaara Hall , Herms Claudia Roca , Jeanneret Gabriela Silvina Bacchini , Vinardell Melquiades Calzado , Guix Nuria Gonzalez‐Rojas , Delgado Miriam Fernandez , García Héctor Gálvez , Schwicker David
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) adds a substantial disease burden, including higher mortality, when associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), a severe, chronic, progressive condition. Yet little is known of the lived experiences, perspectives, priorities, and viewpoints of patients and carers living with PH‐ILD. The Voice of the Patient meeting at the center of this qualitative research study aims to provide these difficult‐to‐obtain insights from a European perspective for the first time. The multistakeholder approach brought together four PH‐ILD patients, three primary caregivers, two patient associations, clinical experts, sponsor representatives, and a facilitator. Of the six major themes identified in the thematic analysis, symptoms, and physical limitations were the most impactful. Shortness of breath was the most bothersome symptom affecting patients daily. Further symptoms included fatigue, cough, dizziness, syncope, edema, and palpitations. Physical limitations focused on reduced mobility, impacting patients’ ability to perform daily tasks, hobbies, sports, and to enjoy travel. Existing antifibrotic and pulmonary arterial hypertension‐targeted treatments were perceived as beneficial. However, despite advances in treatment, severe disease burdens and high unmet medical needs persist from the perspectives of patients. Most meaningful to patients’ daily wellbeing was supplemental oxygen, enabling greater mobility. Patients and carers reported difficulties and barriers in navigating the healthcare system and obtaining adequate information to reduce their considerable uncertainties, documenting the substantial challenges that rare and complex conditions such as PH‐ILD pose for routine clinical practice beyond PH expert centers and indicating an urgent need for high‐quality patient‐ and clinician‐directed information to support patient‐centered care.
Difference in the mode of delivery in obstetric patients who have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence compared to those who have not: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thompson Mary , Wagner Gabrielle , Tang Selphee , Jalil Rabiya
Published: June 2024

Background

A history of intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or sexual violence may impact a patient's birth experience. Limited information is available on the potential for re‐traumatisation through routine obstetrical practices and the effect on mode of delivery.

Objectives

To identify whether there is a difference in mode of delivery between obstetrics patients who have experienced IPV/sexual violence compared to those who have not.

Search Strategy

MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through inception to February 2024 for terms related to obstetric mode of delivery, IPV and sexual abuse.

Selection Criteria

Peer‐reviewed, retrospective and prospective studies that contained original data.

Data Collection and Analysis

Two authors independently conducted data extraction. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to pool outcomes. Cochrane's chi‐squared test and the I2 statistic was used to examine the statistical heterogeneity of pooled effect estimates. All studies were evaluated using the risk of bias in a non‐randomised study‐I tool.

Main Results

Thirty studies (n = 280 864) were eligible for inclusion. The likelihood of caesarean delivery was significantly higher in those who had experienced IPV/sexual violence compared to those who had not: OR = 1.16, CI = 1.05–1.27; I2 = 71. Pooled analysis of reported operative delivery rates did not reveal any significant increase in operative delivery rate for those who had experienced IPV/sexual violence versus those who had not: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.89–1.45, I2 = 77%. Risk of bias for the included studies were moderate to serious.

Conclusions

Obstetrics patients with a history of IPV/sexual violence appear to be more likely to deliver via caesarean section as compared to those who do not.
Evaluation of the fixed‐point iteration of minimizing delta debugging
Authors: Vince Dániel , Kiss Ákos
Published: June 2024

The minimizing Delta Debugging (DDMIN) was among the first algorithms designed to automate the task of reducing test cases. Its popularity is based on the characteristics that it works on any kind of input, without knowledge about the input structure. Several studies proved that smaller outputs can be produced faster with more advanced techniques (e.g., building a tree representation of the input and reducing that data structure); however, if the structure is unknown or changing frequently, maintaining the descriptors might not be resource‐efficient. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the evaluation of the novel fixed‐point iteration of minimizing Delta Debugging (DDMIN*) on publicly available test suites related to software engineering. Our experiments show that DDMIN* can help reduce inputs further by 48.08% on average compared to DDMIN (using lines as the units of the reduction). Although the effectiveness of the algorithm improved, it comes with the cost of additional testing steps. This study shows how the characteristics of the input affect the results and when it pays off using DDMIN*.
An Experimental Investigation of Slugging Phenomenon in 2D Binary Gas–Solid Tapered Fluidized Beds
Authors: Sahoo Lipak Kumar , Sarkar Sabita
Published: June 2024

Gas–solid fluidized beds are widely employed in metallurgical industries to produce direct reduced iron. For such practical applications, tapered fluidized beds are most suitable for handling particles with wide size distribution due to the axial velocity gradient. Herein, the slug behavior in binary tapered fluidized beds has been studied using a high‐speed camera and digital image analysis method. The influence of taper angle, air velocity, and fine fraction on local parameters such as slug size, rise velocity, and aspect ratio, and bulk parameters such as slug number and its area fraction, and bed expansion ratio has been investigated. The local parameters increase with taper angle, air velocity, and fine fraction. The slug area fraction and the bed expansion ratio increase with air velocity and fine fraction. The bed expansion ratio increases while the slug area fraction decreases with taper angle. The slug number fraction, slug area fraction, and bed expansion ratio range from 0.027–0.241, 0.20–0.63, and 1.11–1.42, as taper angle, air velocity, and binary composition vary from 0°–15°, 0.20–0.35 m s−1, and 0.25–0.75, respectively. An empirical correlation is proposed for bed expansion ratio prediction. Based on the present investigation, the optimum taper angle is 5°–10°.
Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior of 22Cr‐25Ni Austenitic Heat‐Resistant Steel by Combining Constitutive Model and Processing Map
Authors: Wei Hai‐Lian , Cai Yong , Peng Hao‐Dong , Deng Xiao‐Ju , Li Shuai , Pan Hong‐Bo , Wang Jian , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: June 2024

The hot deformation behavior of 22Cr‐25Ni austenitic heat‐resistant steel at the temperatures of 950–1150 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1 is studied by isothermal compression test. It is found that the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) degree of the steel increases with the increase of temperature. The DRX degree decreases with the increase of the strain rate from 0.01 to 1 s−1, whereas the DRX degree increases with the increase of the strain rate from 1 to 10 s−1. The hot deformation activation energy is as high as 624.25 kJ mol−1 due to the addition of a large number of alloying elements. The typical strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive model established can be used to roughly predict the hot flow behavior of the steel. Furthermore, a modified model considering the influence of strain rate and deformation heat on the deformation process is proposed and showed higher accuracy (statistical parameters r = 0.994 and average absolute relative error = 4.59%). The DRX zone of the steel is determined to be 1080–1150 °C/0.01–0.1 s−1 through processing map analysis, representing the appropriate hot working zone. The microstructure corresponding to the instability zone in the processing map exhibits deformation concentration bands or necklace structures.
Influence of Carbon Material Properties on Slag‐Foaming Dynamics in Electric Arc Furnaces: A Review
Authors: Kieush Lina , Schenk Johannes
Published: June 2024

In this article, the impact of conventional carbon sources, alongside potential carbon bio‐sources, on slag‐foaming behavior is investigated. It highlights the complex relationship between these carbon sources and their properties, such as fixed carbon (FC), volatile matters (VMs), mineral composition in ash, reactivity, and wetting, which ultimately influence the slag foaming efficiency. The challenges associated with biochar and the significant differences in foaming behavior are addressed. For biochar to achieve effective slag foaming, it is essential that it contains an FC of at least 60 wt% and ash of less than 5 wt%. Though less impactful than CO generation from iron (II) oxide reduction, VMs from carbon sources, especially with high‐VM biochar, show secondary effects on reaction courses. The disadvantages associated with the high reactivity of biochar can be overcome by improving its physicomechanical and physicochemical properties. Despite the potential of biochar–coke mixtures to benefit slag foaming without enhancing biochar properties directly, challenges such as biochar floatation on the liquid slag surface and rapid burn‐off exist. Biocoke offers foaming results comparable to those of conventional sources. Despite the benefits of biocoke over other carbon sources, the review underscores its relatively unexplored status in the context of slag‐foaming applications.
Graph spatial sampling
Authors: Zhang Li‐Chun
Published: June 2024

We develop lagged Metropolis–Hastings walk for sampling from simple undirected graphs according to given stationary sampling probabilities. It is explained how the technique can be applied together with designed graphs for sampling of units‐in‐space. Compared with the existing spatial sampling methods, which chiefly focus on the sample spatial balance regardless of the associated outcomes of interest, the proposed graph spatial sampling method can considerably improve the efficiency because the graph can be designed to take into account the anticipated spatial distribution of the outcome of interest.
A case report of rabies in a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Qazvin Province of Iran
Authors: Fazlalipour Mehdi , Shabansalmani Nazanin , Farahtaj Firouzeh , Massoudi Siamak , Khosravy Mohammad Sadegh , Bashar Rouzbeh
Published: June 2024

Rabies is a fatal and zoonotic disease that remains endemic in Iran. In this article, rabies in a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Qazvin Province, Iran, was found when being hunted for using the genitals for traditional thoughts of the people. The fluorescent antibody technique confirmed rabies infection in the brain sample, and vaccination was done for injured hunter.
The magnetized flow of Newtonian/non‐Newtonian fluid across a curved surface with reaction kinetics and non‐Fourier heat transfer
Authors: Khan Muhammad Riaz , Mao Shipeng
Published: June 2024

This study aims to compare the dual solutions of the problem describing the magnetized motion of a Newtonian and second‐grade fluid induced by a curved stretching/shrinking surface using the associations of homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction and Cattaneo–Christov model. The model is further developed using the properties of convective heat transfer, suction velocity, Joule heating, heat source/sink, and viscous dissipation with the porous medium. The relevant transformations are applied to the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) resulting in the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The solution technique makes use of the computational scheme in MATLAB known as the bvp4c technique. All relevant findings are obtained using a wide range of dimensionless parameters. The Cattaneo–Christov model and the second‐grade fluid transmits heat faster than the classical Fourier law and Newtonian fluid as well as the heat transfer rate of both fluids was found to drop as the values of Eckert number and curvature parameter enhances. Moreover, the Newtonian fluid has lower friction drag than the second‐grade fluid and the concentration of the bulk fluid is declined by the rising values of hetrogeneous and homogeneous reaction parameter. With potential applications in a variety of engineering fields, including thermal management systems and nanofluid‐based technologies, this work is significant for understanding MHD flow of second‐grade nanofluids over curved surfaces, incorporating heterogeneous reactions and the Cattaneo–Christov model. The results also aid in improving heat transfer efficiency and understanding of fluid behavior under various parameter situations, providing information for improving industrial processes and advanced materials engineering design considerations.
Wigner Analysis of Operators. Part II: Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Cordero Elena , Giacchi Gianluca , Rodino Luigi
Published: June 2024

We study the phase-space concentration of the so-called generalized metaplectic operators whose main examples are Schrödinger equations with bounded perturbations. To reach this goal, we perform a so-called $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
-Wigner analysis of the previous equations, as started in Part I, cf. Cordero and Rodino (Appl Comput Harmon Anal 58:85–123, 2022). Namely, the classical Wigner distribution is extended by considering a class of time–frequency representations constructed as images of metaplectic operators acting on symplectic matrices $${\mathcal {A}}\in Sp(2d,\mathbb {R})$$

A
∈
S
p
(
2
d
,
R
)

. Sub-classes of these representations, related to covariant symplectic matrices, reveal to be particularly suited for the time–frequency study of the Schrödinger evolution. This testifies the effectiveness of this approach for such equations, highlighted by the development of a related wave front set. We first study the properties of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
-Wigner representations and related pseudodifferential operators needed for our goal. This approach paves the way to new quantization procedures. As a byproduct, we introduce new quasi-algebras of generalized metaplectic operators containing Schrödinger equations with more general potentials, extending the results contained in the previous works (Cordero et al. in J Math Pures Appl 99(2):219–233, 2013, J Math Phys 55(8):081506, 2014).
Photorhabdus africana sp. nov. isolated from Heterorhabditis entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Machado Ricardo A. R. , Malan Antoinette P. , Boss Anja , Claasen Nicholle J. , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: June 2024

One Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, isolated from an undescribed Heterorhabditis entomopathogenic nematode species was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. The 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that it belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria, to the family Morganellaceae, to the genus Photorhabdus, and likely represents a novel bacterial species. This strain, designated here as CRI-LCT, was therefore molecularly, biochemically, and morphologically characterized to describe the novel bacterial species. Phylogenetic reconstructions using 16S rRNA gene sequences show that CRI-LCT is closely related to P. laumondii subsp. laumondii TT01T and to P. laumondii subsp. clarkei BOJ-47T. The 16rRNA gene sequences between CRI-LCT and P. laumondii subsp. laumondii TT01T are 99.1% identical, and between CRI-LCT and P. laumondii subsp. clarkei BOJ-47T are 99.2% identical. Phylogenetic reconstructions using whole genome sequences show that CRI-LCT is closely related to P. laumondii subsp. laumondii TT01T and to P. laumondii subsp. clarkei BOJ-47T. Moreover, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between CRI-LCT and its two relative species P. laumondii subsp. laumondii TT01T and P. laumondii subsp. clarkei BOJ-47T are 65% and 63%, respectively. In addition, we observed that average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between CRI-LCT and its two relative species P. laumondii subsp. laumondii TT01T and P. laumondii subsp. clarkei BOJ-47T are 95.8% and 95.5%, respectively. These values are below the 70% dDDH and the 95–96% ANI divergence thresholds that delimits prokaryotic species. Based on these genomic divergence values, and the phylogenomic separation, we conclude that CRI-LCT represents a novel bacterial species, for which we propose the name Photorhabdus africana sp. nov. with CRI-LCT (= CCM 9390T = CCOS 2112T) as the type strain. The following biochemical tests allow to differentiate P. africana sp. nov. CRI-LCT from other species of the genus, including its more closely related taxa: β-Galactosidase, citrate utilization, urease and tryptophan deaminase activities, indole and acetoin production, and glucose and inositol oxidation. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the taxonomy and biodiversity of this important bacterial group with great biotechnological and agricultural potential.
Designing Intelligent Rock Support Systems to Detect Gravity-Driven Wedges
Authors: Varelija Michel , Hartlieb Philipp
Published: June 2024

Intelligent rock bolts can be used in mining operations to acquire information on the bolt's status and movements of the rock mass. The future value of this technology resides in optimizing the support layout and increasing safety. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the sensor spatial distribution necessary for efficiently identifying roof wedges in mines. Roof wedges occur when three joints intersect over the roof, forming a triangular shape. They present a hazard by falling and causing damage. Sensor density refers to the number of sensors on a single rock bolt and the number of intelligent rock bolts in the mine or one section. Too many sensors drive costs up, and too few sensors compromise measurement quality. This research visualizes and investigates the results of the simulated models of intelligent rock bolts depending on the number of installed sensors and intelligent bolts to get a better understanding of the problem and describe the technique used, including numerical simulations and the considered parameters. Furthermore, it offers insight into the findings' possible implications, providing knowledge about the viability of using intelligent rock bolts.
The iceberg model of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Danish adolescents: integration of national registry and self-reported data within a national birth cohort
Authors: Danielsen Stine , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine , Hawton Keith , Nordentoft Merete , Erlangsen Annette , Madsen Trine
Published: June 2024

Hospital records are used to identify suicide attempts in many countries but not all individuals present to hospital after a suicide attempt i.e., suggesting a ‘hidden number’. Our aim was to present the prevalence of suicide ideation, plans, attempts, and suicides among Danish adolescents, including attempts not resulting in hospital contact. The study population consisted of participants in the Danish National Birth Cohort participating in an 18-year follow-up, with individual-level linkage to national register data. Prevalence was estimated with a variable with mutually exclusive categories ranging from no suicidality to self-reported suicide ideation, -plans, -attempt and hospital-recorded suicide attempt and stratified on sex and parental income. The ‘hidden number’ was estimated as the ratio between suicide attempts with and without hospital contact. Among 47 858 participants, all aged 18-years, 36% girls and 28% boys reported suicide ideation at least once in their life. In addition, 6% girls and 3% boys had either reported or been recorded with a suicide attempt. For every attempt recorded in the hospital setting, two girls (ratio, 1:2) and six boys (ratio, 1:6) reported having attempted suicide without hospital contact. The prevalence of any suicide attempt was 8% and 3% in the lowest and highest income group, respectively. Before age 18, 0·011% girls and 0·016% boys had died by suicide. In conclusion, suicidal ideation and behaviour are common in adolescents and there is a substantial ‘hidden number’ of adolescents with suicide attempt. These results emphasize the need for early age suicide preventive interventions in community-settings e.g., school environments.
Competitive coupon promotions: a theory-based model for online retail platforms and third-party sellers
Authors: Li Zonghuo , Popkowski Leszczyc Peter T. L.
Published: June 2024

In the realm of online retail, third-party sellers (TPSs) are progressively being permitted to offer their products on various platforms, often in exchange for a commission fee. This dynamic creates a natural competitive environment between the platforms and the TPSs. An increasingly prevalent strategy to enhance product competitiveness is the utilization of coupon promotions, which both platforms and TPSs have adopted. This study developed a theoretical model to study the dynamics of a retail system wherein an online platform facilitates the sale of products by a TPS, while simultaneously introducing products of differing quality levels. Four distinct promotion scenarios, based on whether the platform and TPS implement coupon offerings, are examined. The analysis outcomes reveal that coupon promotions initiated by both the platform and TPS result in reduced actual payments from consumers, particularly when the platform’s product holds a quality advantage. Surprisingly, in cases where the TPS’s product boasts a quality advantage, consumer actual payments may be higher in a promotion scenario compared to a non-promotional one. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the platform can leverage the TPS’s promotion efforts, particularly when commission fees and incremental purchases are on the higher side. Intriguingly, in situations where the TPS’s product holds a quality advantage, a co-promotion strategy, as opposed to a sole TPS-promotion approach, emerges as the optimal choice, especially when commission fees are substantial and incremental purchases are limited.
Genetic analysis of yield and fiber quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under full and deficit irrigation conditions using full diallel method
Authors: Gören Hatice Kübra , Canavar Öner
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the genetic structure and quantitative heritability of cotton yield, yield components and fiber quality parameters under well-watered (100%) and deficit (50%) irrigation conditions using a complete full diallel cross method with six cotton genotypes. The F1 and F2 generations were obtained to study the effect of irrigation conditions on genotypic variation and maternal effects on the traits studied. Parental, F1 and F2 generations were growed under full and deficit irrigation conditions and selected agronomic and fiber quality traits were measured. The data were analysed using various methods, including Griffing Method I, Model I analysis of variance, full diallel table analysis of variance, Jinks-Hayman diallel hybrid analysis. The Jinks-Hayman analysis of variance showed that dominant effects were more important in the inheritance of all traits, as indicated by the negative value of the difference between the additive variance and the dominance variance (D-H1). In addition, the average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was greater than 1, indicating the predominance of dominant gene action in inheritance. The study concluded that starting selection in the F5–F6 generation is appropriate for drought resistant cotton breeding studies. It also emphasised the importance of conducting drought resistant cotton breeding under drought conditions due to the differences in gene movement between well-watered irrigation and drought stress conditions. The study highlighted the importance of population selection, environmental factors, data collection and analysis interpretation in breeding studies. It suggested that the Griffing diallel analysis method is suitable for hybrid breeding studies, while the Jinks-Hayman type analysis method is suitable for studying the genetic structures of populations.
Is it what you say or how you say it?
Authors: Qin Xiangdong , Wang Siyu , Wu Mike Zhiren
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the mechanisms driving the effectiveness of free-form communication in promoting cooperation within a sequential social dilemma game. We hypothesize that the self-constructing nature of free-form communication enhances the sincerity of messages and increases the disutility of dishonoring promises. Our experimental results demonstrate that free-form messages outperform both restricted promises and treatments where subjects select and use previously constructed free-form messages. Interestingly, we find that selected free-form messages and restricted promises achieve similar levels of cooperation. We observe that free-form messages with higher sincerity increase the likelihood of high-price and high-quality choices, thereby promoting cooperation. These messages frequently include promises and honesty, while threats do not promote cooperation. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of the self-constructed nature of free-form messages in promoting cooperation, exceeding the impact of message content compared to restricted communication protocols.
Hotspots and trends of artificial intelligence in the field of cataracts: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Si , Huang Li , Li Xiaoqing , Feng Qin , Lu Huilong , Mu Jing
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To analyze the hotspots and trends in artificial intelligence (AI) research in the field of cataracts.

Methods

The Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection was used to collect the research literature related to AI in the field of cataracts, which was analyzed for valuable information such as years, countries/regions, journals, institutions, citations, and keywords. Visualized co-occurrence network graphs were generated through the library online analysis platform, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace tools.

Results

A total of 222 relevant research articles from 41 countries were selected. Since 2019, the number of related articles has increased significantly every year. China (n = 82, 24.92%), the United States (n = 55, 16.72%) and India (n = 26, 7.90%) were the three countries with the most publications, accounting for 49.54% of the total. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (n = 13, 5.86%) and Translational Vision Science & Technology (n = 10, 4.50%) had the most publications. Sun Yat-sen University (n = 25, 11.26%), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (n = 17, 7.66%), and Capital Medical University (n = 16, 7.21%) are the three institutions with the highest number of publications. We discovered through keyword analysis that cataract, diagnosis, imaging, classification, intraocular lens, and formula are the main topics of current study.

Conclusions

This study revealed the hot spots and potential trends of AI in terms of cataract diagnosis and intraocular lens power calculation. AI will become more prevalent in the field of ophthalmology in the future.
A comparison of iCare and Goldmann applanation tonometry measurements during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study
Authors: Swaminathan Shreya , Kisielewski Amber M. , Nowroozzadeh M. Hossein , Hallaj Shahin , Lee Daniel , Kolomeyer Natasha N. , Myers Jonathan S. , Razeghinejad Reza
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate factors associated with differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) readings between iCare and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in established glaucoma patients.

Methods

This retrospective comparative study included clinical data of 350 eyes from 350 established glaucoma patients who had iCare and GAT IOP measured by an ophthalmic technician and a glaucoma specialist, respectively. The main outcome measure was the difference in IOP measurements of the right eyes with iCare and GAT.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between GAT and iCare was 0.90. The mean IOP difference between tonometers was − 0.18 ± 2.89 mmHg. Bland–Altman plots indicated a 95% limit of agreement of − 5.8 to 5.5 mmHg. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and age were significantly correlated with the difference in IOPs of the iCare and GAT. GAT-IOP and age were significantly associated with the absolute difference in measured IOP of the two tonometers. The difference in measurements was not significantly associated with prior glaucoma surgery, average global index of optical coherence tomography, axial length, technician years of experience and certification, and IOP range.

Conclusion

Although there is good agreement between the iCare and GAT mean values, these devices are not interchangeable in glaucoma patients due to the wide range of the limit of agreement.
Blockchain unlocking collaborative opportunities for environmental sustainability through innovation intermediaries
Authors: Spigarelli Francesca , Compagnucci Lorenzo , Lepore Dominique
Published: June 2024

This paper delves into the growing need for collaborative technological solutions to address environmental challenges, with a focus on the underexplored potential of Industry 4.0 technologies, in particular as regards blockchain technology (BCT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Recognizing the obstacles faced by SMEs when embracing green and digital transformation, this research aims to investigate how innovation intermediaries are able to unlock the collaborative potential of BCT for SMEs so as to enhance their environmental sustainability. When assessing and analysing the role of innovation intermediaries, we have also considered their interconnections and interactions with other actors: universities, government institutions and firms (the so-called “stakeholders”). Our research is based on a multiple case study of a still largely unexplored intermediary in the European context, the digital innovation hub (DIH), which extends the applicability of the technological innovation system framework. This approach contributes to research both on innovation intermediaries and on the development of collaborative partnerships for digitalization. The findings reveal the challenges encountered by DIHs, particularly in legitimizing BCT-based solutions. To address these, identified, weaknesses, the paper proposes a conceptual roadmap aimed at improving collaboration among DIHs, SMEs, and their stakeholders. This roadmap outlines three essential functions: enabling, core, and facilitating effective partnerships and innovation processes.
The Influence of Culture on the Cause, Diagnosis and Treatment of Serious Mental Illness (Ufufunyana): Perspectives of Traditional Health Practitioners in the Harry Gwala District, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ngubane Ntombifuthi P. , De Gama Brenda Z.
Published: June 2024

Cultural beliefs influence the perceived cause, methods of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. A qualitative study was conducted among traditional health practitioners (THPs) in the Harry Gwala District Municipality to further explore this influence. Purposive sampling assisted in the recruitment of 31 participants (9 males and 22 females). The four key themes this study investigated in relation to mental illness included its causes, methods of diagnosis, common symptoms observed and treatment approaches used by THPs, and the system of patient management. Culturally, mental illness was reported to be caused by witchcraft and an ancestral calling in this study. Mental illness was predominantly diagnosed by spiritual intervention which included divination through consultation with the ancestors, familial background, burning of incense which can also be part of communicating with the ancestors and through examining the patient. The common symptoms included aggression, hallucination and unresponsiveness. Prevalent modes of treatment included the use of a medicinal concoction and performing cultural rituals where ancestors and other spirits were assumed influential. The duration of the treatment process was dependent on guidance from the ancestors. Most causal aspects of mental illness from diagnosis to treatment seemed to be influenced by cultural beliefs and ancestors.
Pulse mitigation in ordered granular structures: from granular chains to granular networks
Authors: Espinosa M. , Calius E. P. , Hall A. , Dodd G. , Das R.
Published: June 2024

Ordered granular structures have garnered considerable attention across various fields due to their capacity to manipulate the transmission of mechanical energy and mitigate the adverse effects of impacts and vibrations. The ability to control wave propagation is crucial in the design of protective equipment, seismic isolation systems, aerospace vibroacoustic attenuation and shock-absorbing materials, among many other applications. Here, we delve into the myriad configurations of ordered granular systems: from one dimensional granular chains to granular chain networks, showcasing their significance for pulse mitigation. Given the unique behaviours that these granular structures can generate, they can be described as discrete or granular metamaterials. A detailed analysis of the wave behaviour in these structures is presented, encompassing the influence of heterogeneity, chain curvature, and dimensional complexity on energy dissipation. This discourse extends to encompass a comparison of analytical and numerical approaches used in the examination and application of these systems, along with an exploration of the implications of advances in manufacturing methods. Unlike other examinations, this comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted nature of our study, with a steadfast focus on their applicability to impact mitigation and wave control. We conclude with a summary on the current challenges and future outlook of engineered granular systems, emphasizing their transformative potential in safeguarding structures from dynamic forces and advancing the frontier of energy management technologies.
Management strategy evaluation operating model conditioning: a swordfish case study
Authors: Rosa Daniela , Mosqueira Iago , Fu Dan , Coelho Rui
Published: June 2024

Evaluation of fish stock status is a key step for fisheries management. Tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (t-RFMOs) are moving towards management strategy evaluation (MSE), a process that combines science and policy and depends on technical aspects, developed by scientists, designed to meet management objectives established by managers and other stakeholders. In the Indian Ocean, the current management advice for swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is based on an ensemble of 24 models considering four areas of uncertainty about the stock dynamics. There is an ongoing MSE process for swordfish, and this paper describes the methodology being applied for the conditioning of the operating model (OM), including model selection and validation. In the MSE, nine sources of uncertainty were considered, each being characterized by 2–3 levels. A partial factorial design was employed to reduce the number of models from a full factorial design to those needed to encompass the overall uncertainty. A selection and validation process was carried out, filtering models that converged, showed good predictive skills, and provided plausible estimates. Overall, the estimated spawning stock biomass (SSB) relative to SSB at maximum sustainable yield (MSY), and fishing mortality (F) relative to FMSY encompasses the estimates of the stock assessment ensemble at the most optimist area of the distribution. The MSE for swordfish is an ongoing process that is expected to provide more robust management advice in the future. Further developments to the OM can still occur, but the methods presented herein can be applied to this, or other species, MSE processes.
Insights into geriatric health: primary sarcopenia and innate immunity dynamics, examining SARC-F, serum TLR 4, TLR 9, and resolvin levels
Authors: Bilgin Seyda , Suzan Veysel , Avci Suna , Yavuzer Hakan , Bolayirli Ibrahim Murat , Doventas Alper , Erdincler Deniz Suna
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum TLR (Toll Like Receptor) 4, 9 and Resolvin E1 levels and primary sarcopenia in geriatric patients and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers with the SARC-F score. A total of 88 patients aged 65 years and older were evaluated in the study. Comorbidities and geriatric syndromes were identified and patients with secondary sarcopenia were excluded. EWGSOP2 criteria were used as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and SARC-F questionnaire was used to find individuals at risk for sarcopenia. Serum TLR 4, 9 and Resolvin E1 levels were analyzed by ELISA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.654 and p = 1.000, respectively). SARC-F, serum TLR 9 and Resolvin E1 were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.040, respectively). Statistically significant parameters were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. TLR 9 and SARC-F score were both found to be associated with sarcopenia in multivariate logistic regression analysis [Odds ratio (OR) 3145, (95%) confidence interval (CI) 5.9–1,652,888.3, p = 0.012; OR 4.788, (95%) CI 2.148–10.672, p < 0.001, respectively]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for TLR 9 and SARC-F was 0.896 (p < 0.001) and 0.943 (p < 0.001), respectively. Although this study supports the use of the SARC-F questionnaire in daily practice, serum TLR 9 levels may be an alternative to SARC-F in cases where SARC-F is not feasible.