bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Radar Technology on Concrete Water Content Testing
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Bing , Liu Peng
Published: May 2011

This paper presents researches on the technique for testing water content and moisture field in concrete by GPR. Through the experiments, a discussion has been carried out on the variation of velocity of radar waves and the relative dielectric constants in the concrete with different water content. Comparing the results of air drying and drying experiment, an equation is given to reflect the relation between the water content in the concrete and the radar speed of radar waves in the concrete, also the relative dielectric constants of concrete. Some suggestions are proposed for the actual concrete water content test by using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR).
Mechanism and Application on Extra-Long Sand Wells for Deep Soft Foundation Treatment in Highways
Authors: Liang He Cheng , Chang Li Jia , Zhou Ai Guo
Published: May 2011

The soft base in the testing section of Jiang-zhu highwaysis 55 meters deep, and its mechanical property is not better than that of silt soil, the sand-wick drained length is one of the crucial factors for this highwaywhich influences the consolidation speed. Based on the characteristic of soft foundation, experiences and the interrelationship between the processing area and the subjacent bed effecting on draining, the mechanism of extra-long sand-wick for the extra-deep soft foundation is studied. The theoretical consolidation degree in the deep soft foundation treating with extra-long sand-wick drain had been calculated, the designed depth of sand-wick drain were 25 and 22 meters. Moreover, the total settlement will be predicted. According to the monitoring data of displacement and settlement during loading, the characteristic of consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation had been analyzed. The results indicated that the settlement was very sensitive to the loading speed. The sedimentation became fast with the increasing loading. The sedimentation speed was always very high, which was 15 to 25mm/day on the average. During the prophase of pre-compaction, the consolidation degree of section K53+242.47 (h=25m) was up to 80% in 350 days, which was much faster than the section K53+402.47 (h=22m). Moreover, the soft soil foundation was consolidated stably according to the strict dynamic monitoring data. By using hyperbolic theory to analyze monitoring data, the predictive settlement value of post-project can meet the designed requirement. The treating effect of the 25m depth sand-wick drain was better than that of 22m, which provided available data for extra thick soft foundation treatment.
Experimental Study on PV Solar Wall
Authors: Wang Dian Hua , Guan Xin , Zhang Song Yuan
Published: May 2011

The solar energy photovoltaic thermal system is a method to achieve grade utilization of solar energy to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. A kind of solar energy photovoltaic air conditioning wall is put forward in this paper, adopting the air flow channel with a small hole on the surface and the negative pressure inside, which can provide electricity and hot air heating simultaneously. The comparison test of the solar photovoltaic cells components (PV) and the solar photovoltaic air conditioning wall (PV/T) shows, under the condition that the radiation intensity reaches above 700W/m2，and the ambient temperature exceeds 25°C, the temperature of PV/T components is slightly higher than PV components, so the power generating efficiency decreases slightly, with the average generating efficiency 12.51%, while the efficiency of the PV is 12.96%.each square meter of the solar energy photovoltaic air conditioning wall can provide the building with 40 m3of fresh air per hour, with 20°C higher than outdoor, so the average photo-thermal efficiency is 39%.If the photovoltaic air conditioning wall is installed on outside surface of the building envelope, or replace it, to built the building integrated photovoltaic solar thermal system, the building energy consumption would greatly reduce.
Integrated System of Life Cycle Management of Large Stadium Projects
Authors: Geng Bao Quan
Published: May 2011

Based on the project management with life-cycle management technology, this paper establishes a integrated system of life-cycle management (LCMIS) for large stadium construction project, which integrates decision making, design, construction and operation by two levels of entire life cycle and phrases. It resolves the existed problems of this kind of project, like the limitation of financing model, the disparity between design and construction, operation problems.
Temperature Crack and Control Measure of Long-Span Beam Type Conversion Layers
Authors: Luo Shi Bao
Published: May 2011

In the high-rise building, the conversion layer is often set when the structure of upper and lower floors are different. This conversion layer plays the role of transitional connection. But the force is complex, the conversion layer is the weak layer of the structure and it is the difficulties of the structure design and building construction. However, conversion layer has large section size, bulky, complicated structure the temperature stress to generated cracks in long-span beam type conversion layers. In this paper, directed towards the long-span beam type conversion layer characteristics, combined with tempertural stress in mass concrete causes, proposed control points of long-span beam type conversion layer . It has practical directive significance for long-span beam type conversion layer.
Analysis of the Water Intake Technology of Open-Lakes Water Source Heat Pump System in Chongqing
Authors: Fan Gong Duan , Zhang Zhi , Luo Jing , Wan Xin , Liu Chao
Published: May 2011

To research the suitable water intake technology of open-lakes Water Source Heat Pump system (WSHPs) in Chongqing, water temperature, water quality and other water features of lake and reservoir are analyzed. Results show that the temperature of water source in Chongqing’s lakes and reservoirs excelled the air temperature, and the water quality basically meets the requirements of open-lakes WSHPs. Thus the water source in Chongqing’s lakes and reservoirs is a hot and cold source of good quality. For depth of water is greater than 6m, there is an obvious vertical stratification of water temperature in summer, which is not obvious in winter. pH value, turbidity and algal density also have obvious characteristics in vertical distribution, while hardness and salinity have little characteristics. According to the spatial and temporal distribution features of water temperature and water quality, water intake head should be installed in the middle and lower layer of the lake. Less investment and water head loss, lower operation and maintenance costs, and higher reliability should be considered when we choose the way of water intake for WSHPs in Chongqing. Water intake ways such as pump truck water intake, pontoon intake, gravity pipe intake, integrated device are alternative. Comparison between technical and economic should be made first.
CCHP and Reliability of Electricity Supply
Authors: Qi Yu Dong , Liu Zhi Guo , Song Gui Mei
Published: May 2011

Based on the retrospect of the catastrophic destroy upon electricity net in the ice disaster which happened in South China 2008 and the power failure in some places of America and Canada in 2003, and upon the analysis of the problems in electricity and gas supply in our country. The authors point out that adopting CCHP (Combined Cooling Heating & Power) system is an important measure which can improve the safety of electricity supply, and presents the scheme of cascade utilization of energy and the running mode in summer and winter. In addition, the paper also analyzes the advantages of the CCHP system to the reliability of electricity supply, and points out that developing CCHP system is mutual-beneficial for electricity power and gas supply.
Research on the Relationship between Allowable Tensile Stress and Fatigue Life of Cold-Recycled Material for Pavement Base Layer
Authors: Zhang Hai , Ma Jing , Jiao Li
Published: May 2011

In order to study the changing law of the cold-recycled material between allowable tensile stress and loading number, the relationship between them has been established based on the fatigue equation obtained by fatigue test. The studies indicate that the allowable tensile stress of cold-recycled materials usually decline with the loading number. As for pure cold-recycled material, the decrease of allowable tensile stress is greater than that of added gravel; the cold-recycled material with more gravel content, the decrease of allowable tensile stress is lower than that with less gravel content; the difference of initial allowable tensile stress and initial damage of the material are the main reason for the difference of the change law.
Dynamic Stress-Strain Relationship of Saturated Clay by Dynamic Triaxial Test
Authors: Yuan Jian Yi
Published: May 2011

Subgrade diseases are exposed more and more serious with raising speed of existing railway in wide range. Fro the complexity of dynamic stress-strain relationship of soil, dynamic triaxial test was used to analyze .the dynamic mechanics behavior under cyclic train load for saturated soft clay in Yangtze Delta region. Compaction coefficient, confining pressure, dynamic shear strsss ratio, inputing stimulus and loading frequence were taken into account in test. The results show that the dynamic stress-strain curves of soil specimen are provided with prominent hysteretic characteristics and area surrounded by hysteretic curves gradually augment and slope of hysteretic curve decreases with the increase of dynamic shear train amplitude. The strong correlation exists between dynamical stress and strain.
Effect of Citric Acid on the Crystal Morphology of Gypsum and its Action Mechanism
Authors: Qu Jin Dong , Peng Jia Hui , Li Bai Zhan
Published: May 2011

Effects of citric acid on crystalline habit and crystal morphology of gypsum dihydrate were analyzed in great detail. The retarding mechanism of citric acid was also discussed from the standpoint of crystal growth by use of Scanning Electric Microscope and X-ray Photo Technology. The results shows that due to the complexion between citric acid and Ca2+, the initial supersaturation degree in liquid phase is greatly decreased, correspondingly the number of nuclei newly formed reduces and the growth rate of dihydrate slows down, so the crystal has enough time and space to grow, as a result, the crystal size becomes much larger in presence of citric acid. Citric acid is preferably adsorbed on c-axis which has the fastest growth rate and hinders its growth. Therefore the relative growth rate and crystal habit of various crystal faces are changed, consequently leading to the transformation of dihydrate crystal from need-like to short prismatic. Furthermore, the transformation is gradual as a function of citric acid addition, the higher the dosage, the larger the dihydrate crystal formed. After the addition of citric acid, the retarding effect produced and the reduction in strength of hardened gypsum paste are closely related with the variation of crystallization habit and crystal structure of hydration products.
Shear Test on Reinforced Clay
Authors: Chegenizadeh Amin , Nikraz Hamid
Published: May 2011

Composite soils have been widely used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of fiber inclusion on shear stress of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory direct shear tests carried out to evaluate fiber effect on strength behavior of composite clay. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and plastic fiber was used as reinforcement. The fiber parameters differed from one test to another, as fiber length were changed from 20 mm to 65 mm and fiber content were varied from 0.7% and 2%.Normal stress kept constant at 150 kpa. For each test, stress_ displacement graph derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of fiber affected shear stress behaviour of clay composite so that increasing in fiber content and length caused increasing in shear stress.
Numerical Simulation of IAQ under Up-Suction Exhaust Hood in Commercial Kitchen
Authors: Jiang Da Hua , Li An Gui , Shi Fa En , Wang Zhi Hua
Published: May 2011

For particular commercial kitchen, using CFD software to build model according to the actual operation condition uttermost, adopting the exhaust system of up-suction hood, the effect of exhaust airflow rate on working temperature,velocity,CO2 concentration at main site in commercial kitchen is studied. According to the common four calculation methods of airflow rate of exhaust hood, the simulation results shows 4.81 m3/s of exhaust system can realize eliminating harmful gas quickly and effectively, IAQ is good relatively. Based on of it, additional airflow rate can not improve emissions effect and operating conditions obviously, whereas it can be detrimental to save energy. The simulation results help design exhaust system.
A Survey of Aesthetic Value in the Development of Modern Urban Design - The Comparative Analysis of the Six Dynasties Nanjing and Beijing Urban Design Cases
Authors: Li Ni , Xiao Jing
Published: May 2011

With the advent of urban construction upsurge, the construction of urban design in the city is playing an increasingly important role. Beauty is the goal of urban design, rapid development in modern cities today, what of aesthetic value the urban design should follow as principle and guidance has become a hot topic.Taking Nanjing and Beijing the two cities as the main research objects, based on typical urban design cases in two cities’ modernization development process, so as to analyze modern urban design aesthetic value orientation. Through the research, it can help people not only gain more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of China's most attractive cities, but also improve the modern urban design aesthetic expectation, more conducive to promote China's city construction and development.
Numerical Study on the Flow Characteristic in Periodical Variable Cross-Section Channel
Authors: Li Li , Du Xiao Ze
Published: May 2011

The flow characterizations through periodical variable cross-section passage are performed by numerical simulations in the one wavelength passage with periodic inlet and outlet boundary conditions. The flow patterns through the transient method in the passage show the steady characteristic at low Reynolds number, and the unsteady characteristics include either occurrence or development of self-sustained oscillations as the increasing of Reynolds number. As a consequence of these flow characteristics, the fluid mixing between the core flow and vortexes in trough or crest in channel can be improved to increase the heat transfer.
Comparison of Several Methods for Optimal Sensor Placement in Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Sun Xiao Meng , Yan Zi Cai , Zhu Da Yong
Published: May 2011

This paper begins with an introduction of two existing methods of prioritizing sensor locations, effective independence (EI) method and damage sensitivity (DS) method, followed by a new method (DRS) based on the harmony between damage identifiability and modal observability. For the comparison of these methods, the difference and relationship between these Fisher information matrixes (FIMs) is examined by a quasi-analytical mode. In addtion, this approach discusses the adaptability of the three methods. Numerical example indicates the limitation of EI method and DS method, and DRS method effectively avoids the contradiction between the two different optimization criterions. Finally, utilizing the result of the optical sensor locations, the results of structural damage detection by DRS method are much more accurate comparing with the other two methods on the whole.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Research on the Sulfate Corrosion-Resistance Admixture for Concrete
Authors: Yang Ben Ju , Li Qiu Yi , Gao Song , Li Tao
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a concrete sulfate corrosion-resistance admixture is developed with anhydrite (CaSO4), super fine slag powder (P800) and anhydrous calcium sulfo-aluminate (C-S-A). It is optimized by means of systematical research on specific surface area, setting time, expansion ratio, compressive strength ratio, corrosion resistance coefficient and expansion coefficient of 20 mixes, which are designed based on the hydration mechanism and performance requirements according to JC/T1011-2006. This new type sulfate corrosion resistance admixture has good performance and completely satisfies the requirements of industry standard JC/T 1011-2006 regarding “Sulfate Corrosion-Resistance Admixture for Concrete”, and has declared Chinese national invention patent (201010256189.2).
Studies on an Integrated Energy-Saving System Combining Architectural Energy-Saving Features and Renewable Energy in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Wen Pei , Ou W. S. , Chang J. M , Kuan Y.D.
Published: May 2011

Saving energy along with reducing carbon emission is an unavoidable new trend in response to continual global warming. In Taiwan, the energy consumed by commercial buildings and residential houses accounts for about 18% of the total energy consumption with 31% consumed for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) to emit 21 millions of carbon dioxide annually. Hence, in this research, an integrated energy-saving system combining green architecture, recirculation and reuse of water resources, indoor plants to purify indoor air quality, and solar energy and hydrogen energy is proposed for providing HVAC and illumination. The research has accomplished the following: (1) roof-top plants will lower the indoor temperature during summer; (2) utilizing aquatic plants to purify the wastewater for recirculation and reuse will effectively remove BOD and COD from contaminated water; (3) indoor plants are effective in lowering loadings to air conditioners and energy consumption; (4) the solar air conditioner has excellent overall energy saving features; (5) the solar hydrogen generating system and reformed methanol system have been developed applied to develop a 100 W PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell); and (6) a portable plant cultivation system has been developed to enhance plant growth for removing indoor carbon dioxide so that the building needs not be ventilated much to maintain adequate indoor air quality.
How Green Technic and Poetic Issues in Eco-Architectural Practice
Authors: Kong Ya Wei , Liu Chang An , Zhao Ji Long , Zhao Bin , Li Xiao Dong
Published: May 2011

The reconstruction in the area of Wenchuan Earthquake strives to be eco-friendly and recalls the question of how green. Built environment, which is reconstructed according to the green of eco-architecture, must contribute more positively to the planet and the pleasure of place as well as answering the sustainable demands of comfort. To address both technic and poetic issues in eco-architectural practice, in the design proposal for a Rural Sunshine Primary School located at Barkam County of Sichuan Province, low technologically, sensory experience of sustainable strategies is widely introduced to reinforce the meaning of green building and encourages the children in disaster area to make friends with nature and future. Three interactive issues, eco site plan, sustainability strategy and green environment, are introduced as the core concepts in the design, while the children in disaster area comfortably and sensorily experience daylighting, ventilation and thermal performance of green building.
Experimental Research on Mixture Ratio and Mechanical Properties of Unburned Brick with Shell Ash and Fly Ash
Authors: Sun Zhong Jian , Tian Mei Ling , Fang Yan Feng
Published: May 2011

The unfired bricks which regarded as a new green wall material are produced by fly ash, shell ash (renewable resources), cement and lime as the main raw materials, and together with the chemical activator. The essential mixture ratio is designed on the experimental result of its mechanical properties and durability. The bricks are water conserved in the condition of normal temperature and pressure. We respectively research the compressive and flexural strength and frost resistance of the unburned brick. The results show that the optimum mixture ratio for unburned bricks are: fly ash 41%, cement 25%, lime 15%, shell ash 15%, gypsum 4%, SBR 3%, fiber 0.10%, water-reducing admixture 0.5%, sand cement ratio 0.5 and water cement ratio 0.3. We obtain the properties of unburned bricks that produced by vibration with the optimum mixture ratio. The minimum compressive strength of one brick more than 30MPa, the mass loss of one brick after 15 times freezing and thawing cycles is only 1%, and the compressive strength after frost reaches 26MPa, the overall performance of bricks can satisfy the requirement of " China Fly Ash Brick " standard.
A Study on Optimizing the Water Conservancy Landscape Design by Applying AHP
Authors: Song Yong Jia , Tian Lin Gang , Han Xiao Yu , Feng Shuai
Published: May 2011

With the water tourism developed, making the development of water landscape rising rapidly. How to ensure the safety of hydraulic engineering technology under normal circumstances, and protect the ecological environment, play tourism economic benefits are an important problem in landscape design. Under the premise of following the principle of water conservancy landscape planning and design, applying AHP to research Xiya ditch waterfall landscape and optimize design program, then set up the preferred plan from ecological effect, waterfalls and technological factors three aspects of evaluation index. This provides theory basis for model test and engineering implementation in Xiya ditch waterfall landscape. In recent years, water conservancy projects relying on water industry form a large number of humanities landscape, natural landscape. The development of water tourism, gradually achieved a certain economic, social and environmental benefits. Giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of water conservancy projects, Ministry of Water Resources has granted water tourism as three major elements in water economy with water supply, power generation.
Exploration on the Design of Mobile Ecological Building in the Qinliang Mountain Area
Authors: Yu Jun Hua , Liu Yu , Zhu Yan Di
Published: May 2011

This paper explores some strategies and concepts, for the design of mobile ecological buildings in the Qinling mountain area. The special environmental features of the Qinling Mountain area are first introduced, based on which general strategies, which emphasize structural portability and space flexibility, for the design of buildings in such areas are provided; the merits of the selected type of structure as well as the possible operation/function of the external and internal movable walls are then discussed in detail; The direction for further exploration in the relevant area is also recommended.
Sustainable Construction Project under Lean Construction Theory
Authors: Wang Guang Bin , He Gui You , Bian Li
Published: May 2011

The construction, operation and demolition of building have tremendous impacts on the global energy and environment. However, initial construction costs are overly concerned in traditional construction projects and the economic, social and environmental impacts are neglected, which is a crucial barrier to the promotion of the sustainable construction. Through borrowing the theory from manufacturing industry, this paper analyzed the concept of lean construction, and combined the advantage of lean thinking with the sustainable development, promoting the sustainability and maximum value of construction projects besides the realization of three main objectives - the quality, schedule, cost of the construction project. Then, this article introduced the implementation of lean construction in the sustainable construction projects based on the view of transfer, flow, and value, and finally constructed the building objectives system which is composed of the minimum cost, the condensed duration, the superior quality and the sustainability of the construction.
Numerical Experiment on Size Effect for SFRC Splitting Fracture
Authors: Fu Chuan Qing , Jin Xian Yu , Tian Ye , Jin Nan Guo
Published: May 2011

Based on the MFPA2D software system and test method of the wedge splitting fracture in the Lab., a numerical model was established. The numerical experiments on wedge splitting fracture with plain concrete and SFRC (steel fiber reinforced concrete) were carried on. The calculation results about plain concrete with different dimensions and ligament length proved the numerical model is effectively on numerical calculation, and have a good agreement with the results of the test results. Then, the process of crack initiation, propagation of SFRC specimens with different dimensions and fitting formula about size effect were given. The results indicated that the size effect existed in the splitting fracture energy of SFRC.
Experimental Investigation of Structural Steel Welds at High Temperature
Authors: Yu Hong Xia
Published: May 2011

This paper reports a set of experiments on the ultimate strength and fractural performance of structural steel welds at elevated temperatures. The results show that structural steel welds show distinctly different behavior below (including) 400°C and above 400°C. Below 400°C, the ultimate failure resistance fluctuates about the room temperature resistance and the failure was brittle fracture occurring to various locations of the welded region. Above 400°C, the ultimate failure resistance reduces quickly and the failure was by the tensile fracture of the interface between the weld and the steel with noticeable tensile elongation of the specimen. The results were supposed to help the design of structural steel connections for fire safety.
Study on Flexural Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Plates
Authors: Chen Hua , Kang Kan , Deng Lang Ni , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2011

For RC beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates, calculate methods for the cracking load, the yield load and the ultimate load are derived base on the analysis of normal section stress. The test of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates were carried out, and analytical results are compared with experimental results. Comparisons show that the calculated values agree well with the experimental results.
Numerical Simulation Effect of Lateral Pressure Coefficient in Solid Material
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Feng Yan Feng , Li Qing , Zheng Shu Juan
Published: May 2011

Based on the heterogeneity of rock, by using the RFPA2D, influene of the horizontal in-situ stresses on the distributions of plastic zones is discussed. Among the current problems that rock or civil engineers face, perhaps there is none as challenging as the characterization of fluid flow though fracturing rocks, especially when they are highly stressed. In mining and civil engineering projects, the re-distribution of the stress field during the excavation of tunnels and underground chambers lead to the formation of new fractures. These damages may cause dramatic changes in the permeability of the rock masses. As a result, the rate of water flowing into the tunnels and chambers will increase.
Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Research on the Interception of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollutants by Gullies in Northern China
Authors: Song Yu Jia , Liu Hui Qing
Published: May 2011

The discharge of urban sewage and agricultural non-point source pollutants is the main reason causing eutrophication in gullies in most cities of northern China. Based on a careful analysis on the ecological structure and ecological characteristics of a gully, this article preliminarily studies the interception and degradation mechanisms of nitrogen pollutants by the gully. Meanwhile, to take gullies in Changchun as the object of the study, this article carries out an experiment on the interception effect of nitrogen pollutants by gullies. This experiment respectively establishes a control section in the upper and lower reaches of a gully, and takes water samples four times in each section from May to August to determine total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and salinity. The result shows: the gully plays some role in the interception of pollutants; total phosphorus accounts for the largest interception in pollutants in the experimented gully section, with the relative interception rate of 27.46%, followed by ammonia nitrogen, with the interception rate of 21.80%, which is the result of the combined effects of aquatic plants, microorganisms and sediment in the gully.
The Gray Solar Heat Reflecting Coating with Insulating Heat and Lowering Temperature
Authors: Guo Qing Quan , Wang Xiao Feng , Li Da Guang , He Xiang Zhu , Chen Huan Qin
Published: May 2011

The coating of having the capability of reflecting solar heat is the requirements of the world of saving energy. This kind of coating can reduce the need of electronic and water power besides protecting and decorating the covered objects. The gray color coating with insulating heat and lowering temperature is one of the most difficult topics. In this research, on the basis of choosing reasonably resin,pigments and fillers and assistant agents , a kind of special gray coating is obtained. It can obviously lower the temperature of coated objects in comparision to the common gray coating. Its refletivity can be up to above 50% to solar light.
Study on Deformation and Stress of CRCP under Concentrated Vertical Load with Hollow Foundation
Authors: Chen Xiao Bing , Huang Xiao Ming , Tong Jin Hu
Published: May 2011

Based on the equivalence principle, the concentrated vertical load which acts on the Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement(CRCP) transverse crack is translated into the equivalent half-wave sine load by Fourier transform. According to the translation principle of the force, the half-wave sine vertical load acting on the CRCP transverse crack is decomposed to the half-wave sine vertical load and the torsion force acting on the center of CRCP. Lastly, the deflection, torsional displacement and stress formulas of CRCP under the concentrated vertical load with hollow foundation are put forward, which is on the basis of the small deflection theory of elastic thin plate and torsion theory. The results show that increasing the slab thickness is the most effective measure to reduce maximal deflection, distortion displacement and stress of CRCP concentrated vertical load with hollow foundation.
Environmental Protection Experience of the Golmud-Lhasa Section, Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction
Authors: Liu Shi Hai , Xu Zhao Yi , Wang Lian Jun
Published: May 2011

The Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet railway strides over the Tibet Plateau hinterland, ‘the roof of the world’, which traverse to typical ecosystem, as desert, alpine grassland, plateau alpine meadows, swamp wetland, and permafrost zone. Due to the special ecological property of the Tibet Plateau, it become the more river source of the China, even of South Asia, it plays an irreplaceable role of ecological function of the China and the South Asia. The human actions and climatic changes have contributed to the environmental becoming worse and worse. Fragile ecological environment once destroyed, it recovering is very difficult or unrecoverable. The railway construction, it inevitable involved in environmental problem, therefore, how to implement ecological environmental protection is one of the most major subjects of the railway construction. This paper analyzed the adverse effect of the ecological environment in the railway construction period and summarizes the protection measures of ecological environment that had taken in the railway construction. Given the example of the human economic development and the environment protection could be harmonious and sustainable developed in the Tibet Plateau, also show the most precious experiences for the ecological environment protection of the project construction in the plateau zone.
The Application of BP Neural Network in Settlement Prediction of Highway Soft Foundation
Authors: Xue Yi , Cao Zheng Zheng , Liu Shan
Published: May 2011

In view of the settlement of highway soft foundation, the paper proposes a method to predict soft foundation settlement based on BP neural network model, taking advantage of the strong non-linear mapping and learning ability of BP neural network. Then it is compared with the three-point method, obtaining some useful conclusions. Since the BP neural network model is directly based on real samples, it could avoid the mistakes due to factitiousness in the three-point method. It is proved that the BP neural network model is accurate and the settlement has least error.
Dynamic and Static Load Testing and Analysis for Dutou Major Bridge
Authors: Wang An Ming , Zhang Yu Min , Li Huan , Jia Jing Chao , Feng Xing
Published: May 2011

Dynamic and static load testing for Dutou major Bridge was conducted. the test projects, the layout of measuring points and observation methods, test loadings, test methods, test results were presented, the test results showed that the strength and stiffness behavior of the bridge could meet the requirements of designation, the structure lied in a flexible working stage under test load.
Numerical Analysis of Sea Ice-Bridge Pier Interaction
Authors: Liu Yu Ping , Li Shu Cai , Zhang Feng
Published: May 2011

We report numerical simulations of the interactions between sea ice and the off-sea bridge pier by using the explicit dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The simulated propagation of cracks in ice, ice force, and bridge pier displacement response are consistent with both theoretical and field experimental results. We find that the displacement response is not sensitive to the variations of the ice velocity, while the ice force is approximately inverse linear proportional to the ice velocity.
Composites in the Spanish Heritage: Designs and Rehabilitations in Prototipical Models as "Las Aguzaderas" Castle
Authors: Pérez Calero José Ignacio
Published: May 2011

“Las Aguzaderas” Castle is a beautiful example of Spanish military constructions. We wish a general methodology for the modelizacion and performance in this prototypical castle, to use for its application not only in him, but in other many existing ones which they respond to this same pattern, with great intertest. Stone blocks creating powerful walls, only perforated by little hollows (doors, arrow-windows, etc). The stone’s mechanical characteristics well are known. The simple form of the elements bases, make possible the profuse use of numerical methods, when working with discretitations of elements type “brick”. Others elements more complex (vaults, cupolas, abutments, doors, etc.) can easily also modelized and be discretized. The analysis that provides the indicated methodology to us, to find pathologies in this castle, with which we could make the Integral Rehabilitation Plan, in special with composites, armed with fibers (E glass, kevlar and carbon).
Analysis of the Crack Fracture Morphology of the Asphalt Mixture under Tensile Stress Effects
Authors: Zhao Li Hua , Chen Jing Yun , Wang Sheng Wu
Published: May 2011

Through studying the bending fracture and cleavage fracture of the asphalt mixture within the different temperature condition, confirming that the temperature influences the microscopic mechanism of mixture cracking: the fracture is relatively flat with low temperture, the destruction of the asphalt mixture is also mainly result of the brittle fracture; As the temperature rise, fracture surface becomes coarse, some part show large plastic elapse deformation. Adding fiber can reduce thickness of the asphalt membrane, improve the bonding strength of asphalt mastic, and greatly increase the ratio of the aggregate fracture and interface zone fracture, so as to enhance the asphalt mixture crack-resistance. The fracture morphology of asphalt mixture has a better reflection for its mechanical characteristics.
Research and Application of Thermal Storage with Phase Change Materials
Authors: Chen Gang , Wan Li Xia
Published: May 2011

The types and characteristics of phase change energy storage materials were introduced ，and the current research of thermal storage with PCMS is summarized in the paper. Meanwhile the influence of stability, corrosion, phase segregation, sub-cooling, and encapsulation of phase change materials on heat storage were presented also. The applications and prospects of PCMS used in many fields were summarized in the end of the paper.
Study on Disease Detection and Reinforcement of Bridge Pier Column
Authors: Tan Jian , Wang Lei , Wang Chun Yu
Published: May 2011

This paper is an analysis of buttresses detection after a car crash, with acoustic detector and GRP. It is found no serious affection in the material property which is still of good flexibility. Through a finite element method, a jacking and repairing scheme to jack the single-column bridge of both sides together is chosen. Make use of the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic in the basic crack for reinforcement.
Monitoring of Curing Temperature of Early-Age Cement Paste Using Biconical Tapered Fiber Sensor
Authors: Lou Dong , Ibrahim Zainah , Ismail Zubaidah
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a biconical tapered fiber sensor is applied to monitor the temperature of cement paste during curing process. A simple sensing principle of the proposed sensor is presented by analyzing the V-number of leaky rays. An experimental is carried out by tapering the plastic multi-mode step-index fiber to measure the temperature of the cement paste. The numerical result shows that the V-number of leaky ray is increasing with the raised in temperature. The experimental results are in agreement with the results from the theoretical analysis.
Effect of Shield Tunneling on the Nearby Pile Foundations
Authors: Wu Ya Jun , Zou Dao Min , Li Gang
Published: May 2011

Shield tunneling may have negative influence on the nearby facilities. Especially, it will cause the additional stresses and moments along the pile shaft. If the stresses and deformation of a pile exceed the allowable values, that will affect its normal use and even result in its damage. Therefore, base on a practical engineering in Shanghai, some factors such as the distances between a pile and a tunnel, the concrete strength of a pile are investigated using finite diffrence method. The results show: the degree of disturbing soil in two sides of the tunnel is greater than that of soil in front of the tunnel; shield tunneling has a strong effect on a pile within a distance of 3m between the pile and the shield machine; however, if the distance is in excess of 3m, the effect is not too strong. Furthermore, the grade concrete strength of a pile has little effect on the pile behavior. This conclusion has some reference value to the actual project.
Performance Experimental Study and Energy Consumption Calculation of Hollow Glass Window Film
Authors: Yang Dan Ping , He Jia Peng , Zhang Zheng Song
Published: May 2011

This paper taked hollow glass window as the model, and heat transfer coefficient, sunshading coefficient and energy consumption of the window glass were obtained in the situations of window glass with and without low-E film by doing experiment and theoretical calculation. The results show that both heat transfer coefficient and sunshading coefficient decrease comparing the hollow glass window film with no film. For the fixed and push-pull window of the whole window, the heat transfer coefficient decrease by 24.2% and 28.9% respectively and sunshade coefficient decreases by 31.37%. And the low-E film by this study adopting reduces energy consumption of the summer greatly by 32.96%, and has no too large effect on winter heating, so the annual energy consumption reduces and the window film saves annual energy consumption 14.62% .
Investigation and Analysis on the Evolovement of Mixed-Use Settlements: A Study on Work-Live Paradigms in Yiwu City
Authors: Tang Zhen Zhen , Zhu Xiao Qing , Yu Yi Wei
Published: May 2011

Live-work is a significant form of mixed-use habitation in Southeast China. According to the investigation of spacial market settlement in Southeast China, this article follows and observes the local residents’ and employers’ behaviors and their space utilization. Based on spatial function and behavior track analysis , the mechanism of local work-live paradigms is illustrated in main chapters. After comprehensively analyzing the practical problems presented during the process of city market integration regional models in Yiwu, comparing the advantages and disadvantages, we are aiming at searching for a more rational regional plan In order to optimize the work-live patterns.
The Research of Navigation Flow Conditions and Improvement Measures on Entrance Area and Connecting Reach of Dahua Lock in Hongshui River
Authors: Ma Dian Guang , Liu Xin , Zhao Jia Qiang , Liu Xiao Fei , Li Shao Xi
Published: May 2011

The ship facilities didn’t be constructed in step with the construction of Dahua Terminal in Hongshui River of Guangxi province, while the argumentation didn’t be carried out when navigation lock was built out. In the condition above, when the navigation lock was completed, the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section was bad, so ships were difficult to enter the approach channel. The research of navigation flow conditions and nay navigation mechanism in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section in current condition was implemented through physical model combining ship model. The method of using traditional navigation wall and navigation pier to improve flow conditions didn’t be adopted in renovation research. The new renovation idea of changing inflow conditions was used innovatively and bad flow pattern problem was solved by using deep pools terrain in the entrance area of downstream. After the implementation of the engineering, nay navigation problem was solved effectively and ships could pass the terminal successfully. This engineering provides a new way to solve similar terminal navigation problem.
The Hot Development and Cold Thinking of Current Arts and Crafts Industry
Authors: Li Han , Rui Xiao Guang , Hou Lei
Published: May 2011

Traditional arts and crafts industry is formed base on the ancient craftsmen to meet all levels of society and spiritual needs of people’s living. Current arts and crafts industry takes this as a basis, in the development of constantly adapt to rapidly changing social, economic, scientific and technological impact people's lives. Therefore, it is inevitable that this development process would occur all kinds of problems. The author paid a long-term attention on the development of arts and crafts industry, through the representative of Suzhou arts and crafts of the base of the actual depth research, start from the specific questions that impact the new arts and crafts sustainable development, the author raised some constructive suggestions after the deep thinking and analysis.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of the Destroying of Brick Masonry for the Analysis of Buildings Accident
Authors: Kashevarova Galina , Zobacheva Alexandra , Leschev Ivan
Published: May 2011

The results of experiments and numerical modeling of fracturing of samples of brick masonry are presented; complete stress-strain diagram for samples are obtained; a possibility of replacing a composite material by homogeneous material with effective stiffness characteristics is investigated; the new method and computer simulation for these purposes are suggested. The examples based on real constructions with partial destruction in the form of cracks in load-bearing brick walls have been studied by the means of numerical simulations.
Disposal Status and Recycle Policy of Construction Waste
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Jian Rong , Zhou Jing
Published: May 2011

With development of economy in our country, buildings update rapidly and construction waste increases sharply, which destroyed city appearance and eco-environmental pollution severely. It becomes a hot topic that how to plan or manage the management of construction waste growing day by day. According to analysis of the components of construction waste, problems in disposal process and its effect on environment, disposal status of construction waste was introduced, and presented suggestions on developing recycle countermeasure.
Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Composite in Corrosive Environment
Authors: Chotickai Piya , Chimmanee Wasin
Published: May 2011

The long-term performance of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with CFRP composite was evaluated in the present study. The load-carrying capacity and failure mechanism of the beams subjected to different durations in a corrosive environment were examined using four-point bending test. A total of five reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with CFRP composite were exposed to wet/dry cycles in salt water for 0, 90, 240, and 360 days before tested to failure. The experimental results revealed that the midspan debonding was the dominant mode of failure. The debonding at the CFRP-concrete interface was detected after flexural cracks were developed in the concrete members. The characteristics of the load-deflection curves were relatively similar for all tested beams. The aggressive environment however had the detrimental effects on reducing the bond strength and fracture energy at the CFRP-concrete interface. Additionally, the mode of failure was altered from debonding failure in concrete substrate to failure in the interface epoxy when the beams were exposed to wet/dry cycles. The research findings provided the long-term effectiveness of the CFRP strengthening system in a corrosive environment.
Experimental Investigation of End-Plate Connection with Cruciform Column Section
Authors: Shek Poi Ngian , Tahir M.Md. , Tan Cher Siang , Kueh Ahmad Beng Hong
Published: May 2011

This paper presents an experimental investigation on typical end-plate connection with reduced beam-to-end plate welding, connected to cruciform column (CCUB) section. The study aims to reduce the cost of fabrication and materials. Two tests were conducted to study the behavior of the proposed connections and evaluate the failure modes, moment resistance, initial stiffness and rotational capacity of the connections. The experimental results indicated that the failure mechanisms for the tested specimens begin with the end-plate yielding followed by bolt slippage that was limited to the tension region of the joint due to the tension forces exerted through the top bolt rows. The experimental results will then be used to validate the theoretical model for the T-stub idealization of the tension zone.
Tensile Properties of GFRP Bars after Exposure to Harsh Laboratory and Field Environmental Conditions
Authors: Alsayed Saleh , Almusallam Tarek , Al-Salloum Yousef , El-Gamal Sherif
Published: May 2011

This paper presents the test results of an experimental study that investigates the durability of a new generation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. A total of 60 GFRP bars were embedded in concrete prisms and exposed to ten environmental conditions for 6 and 12 months. The environments included exposure to ordinary tap water, sea water, and alkaline solution at two temperatures (room and 50°C). The environments also included two typical field conditions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Gulf area and Riyadh area). The performance of the GFRP bars was evaluated by conducting tensile tests on the bars extracted out of the concrete specimens after exposure to the environmental conditions. After 12 months of exposure, the test results showed that the tap water at 50°C had the maximum effect on the tensile strength of the GFRP bars. The two field conditions did not show any harmful effect on the tensile properties of the bars after 12 months of exposure.