bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Logistics Performance and Its Impact to the Transshipments Operations at Port of Colombo
Authors: Dissanayake I. , Mudunkotuwa R.
Published: January 2022

Transportation services have come to be an increasingly essential part of world trade. Freight shipment movement as a part of the maritime enterprise capabilities very particular traits. For this study, the development of transshipment operations is set in the context of Logistics Indexes of impact. Researches about the outcomes on Port transshipments Operations is particularly untouched. Research will subsidize to the understanding of how Sri Lankan’s Logistics Performance Indexes (LPI) influence the transshipments operations at Colombo Port. Using data gathered from Central Bank Reports, Port Annual Reports, World Bank and Questionnaire survey. There are two-analysis part, (1.) Review of the factors consider building of LPI (2.) Relationship among the transshipment operations. This study will contribute to the issues/challenges, achieving hub status barriers, what are the possible solutions to overcome will discuss, and reviewing too. For this using factor analysis, validity, etc. This research contributes to the understanding of transshipments operations in logistics context. This study will use the data from the year 2007 to 2019, because LPIs also published by World Bank every other in two years. This research will answer the research question on which of Sri Lanka’s LPI has an to the logistics related respondents and Identifying the issues/challenges, logistics association with Colombo Port transshipments operations. Moreover, which LPI have the greatest impact, to what operations enhancements in logistics performance effect on transshipments of Port of Colombo, issues/challenges, and logistics related barriers and possible solutions. The research question is answered using hypotheses, using Pearson’s correlation, regarding Sri Lanka’s Customs, Infrastructure, Logistics quality & Competence, Tracking & Tracing, Timelines and International Shipments. The data analyzed using a linear regression model and the analysis will reveal the influence of the LPIs that are explanatory for Colombo Port transshipments operations. Through the analysis it was found that for transshipments operations, all the hypotheses, except the hypotheses related to Customs and Timelines were excluded from analysis, which means that transshipments operations, there is a linear association with the identified LPIs except for Customs and Timelines. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify which LPI and affect the operations at transshipment operations handled at Colombo Port. Other objectives include – Identifying issues in enhancing Transshipment’s operations in port of Colombo, Identifying the LPI indexes related related barriers in order to achieve hub status and possible solutions to overcome these problems.
Macroeconomic Performance and its Impact to Container Throughput at Port of Colombo
Authors: Jayashani J. H. D. , Mudunkotuwa R.
Published: January 2022

Services for freight transport have become an increasingly important aspect of global trade. The transport of freight cargo as a result of the shipping industry has very unique characteristics. The creation of container throughput volumes for this research is described in the sense of macro-economic effect variables. This research will lead to the understanding of how the economic variables of Sri Lanka affect the volume rate of container throughput at Port of Colombo. The study question answered using hypothesis testing using data obtained from the Department of Census and Estimates, Central Bank Reports and Port Annual Reports, and the data is evaluated using a multiple linear regression model of E-Views. There is a linear relation with thedefined economic variables for containerthroughput capacity, except for the inflationrate. There is also a clear correlation, exceptfor the rate of inflation, between theeconomic variables and all the responsevariables. At Colombo Port, the Number ofImports & Exports of Sri Lanka were themost explanatory variables for containerthroughput ratios, where it is seen thatNumber of exports has a greater effectcompared to the other macro-economicvariables. In a more macroeconomiccontext, this analysis adds to theinterpretation of container throughput volume trends. Further studies should concentrate on the evolution of broader datasets.
Studies on use of heat in the aqueous extraction of miswak
Authors: Sharkasi Mohamed , Elsharif Mayouf , Sughir Abdussalam , El-Mahdi Idris
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The antimicrobial properties of Miswak (Salvadora persica) are well documented, and the use of its extracts in the formulation of toothpastes and mouth rinses are well established. Most of the literature agrees that the organic extracts are more effective than aqueous extracts. Aims: The aim of the study was to prepare aqueous Miswak extracts using three different methods. The difference between the methods is the amount of heating used for their preparation. Furthermore, to evaluate stability during storage of such extracts, their pH, and their antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Miswak extracts were prepared by maceration, infusion, and decoction methods, followed by evaluation of their extraction efficiency, stability, pH, viscosity, and antimicrobial activity. Results: A correlation was found between pH of extracts and their viscosity. The pH of extract increases to 6.5 when extensive heat was used during preparation, which is close to the normal pH of saliva and oral cavity. The accompanied increase in viscosity was an indication of increased extraction efficiency. Suppression of freezing point confirmed such observation for extracts prepared by decoction. The only positive antibacterial activity was observed for decoction extract, but it was less than that of chlorhexiden. For minimum inhibitory concentration estimation, it was found that almost 50% w/v of the extract must be used to provide the minimum microbial inhibitory effect. Conclusions: Miswak components appear to be thermostable ingredients, and the method of decoction can produce stable and effective Miswak extract.
Characterization and antibiotic resistance of staphylococci strains isolated from brack hospital in the Southern Region of Libya
Authors: Alshaibani Ghada , Shahlol Aisha , Abid Ahmed , Amri Samira , Aghila Ezzeddin , Abdalah Ghaith , Ahmed Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Background: Staphylococcus species are one of the most important healthcare-associated pathogens able to acquire and spread multidrug-resistant determinants. Objectives: The present study investigated and analyzed 110 potential Staphylococcus species isolated from various clinical and nonclinical samples at Brack hospital. Materials and Methods: A nonselective laboratory approach was applied, using cultural characteristics, Gram stain, and catalase reactivity followed by confirmation at the species levels and determination the susceptibility against antimicrobial agents using the Phoenix automated microbiological system. Results: In total, 57.5% were confirmed as species and subspecies of Staphylococcus represented by ten different species: nine subspecies of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (76.2%) and one coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoNS) subspecies (23.8%). Of these strains, 16.6% were identified as methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) mostly of the CoNS group expressing significant resistance to important antimicrobial classes. Conclusion: This study reports a high prevalence of various staphylococci species, particularly of CoNS group expressing multidrug resistance patterns of public health concern, from a healthcare setting in the south region of Libya. The identification of higher rate of MRCoNS underlines the importance of monitoring all multidrug-resistant staphylococci species requiring further epidemiological investigations.
Growth performance, haematology and serum lipid profile of broiler chickens fed three varieties of ripe Solanum melongena fruit meal supplements
Authors: Dim C.E. , Nwankwo C.A. , Mefoh C.O. , Onyia V.N.
Published: January 2022

The growth, haematological and serum characteristics of Cobb broilers (n = 112) fed inclusions of ripe Solanum melongena fruit meal (SMFM) varieties were incorporated in a 56-day trial. The completely randomized design was employed in assigning day-old chicks to four labeled groups (T1-T4) with four replications. Dietary treatment of SMFM varieties was according to study groups such that T1 had Abia var. Okpokwe, T2 contained Nsukka Ind × Jos, T3 enclosed Nsukka Ind × Nsukka Local, while T4 was control. Daily feed intake and weekly weights furnished the growth assay of the chicks, while their blood assessment was done at the termination of the study. Data analyzed showed T4 to have better (p < 0.05) final weights (2740.50 g), feed intake (131.39 g) and weight gain (48.13 g) than SMFM groups. Red blood cell count was highest (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (10.87 × 106 and 10.88 × 106 mm3, respectively) and lowly in T1 and T4 (10.04 × 106 mm3 each). Haemoglobin concentration was highest (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (8.73, 8.98 g dL–) and lowest in T4 (7.55 g dL–1). Treated birds had better (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol and lipoproteins than the control. Triglyceride of T4 (117.75 g dL–1) was different (p < 0.05) from T1 and T2 (107.00, 107.67 g dL–1) but similar (p > 0.05) to T3 (109.00 g dL–1). The SMFM varieties, mostly Nsukka Ind × Jos (T2), independently promoted superior haematology and serum lipid profile but poor growth of test broilers.
Factors influencing input dealers’ performance of extension roles to farmers in Yobe State of Nigeria
Authors: Owoade E.O. , Abubakar M. , Abdulhakeem A.L. , Akinwale J.A.
Published: January 2022

The study examined factors influencing input dealers’ performance of extension role to farmers in Yobe State of Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 86 input dealers. Primary data were collected from them on socioeconomic characteristics, performance of extension roles, sources of agricultural knowledge and training using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that input dealers were mostly males (98.8%); young and agile with mean age of 41.8 years, 44.2% had tertiary education but 86.0% had no agricultural qualifications. Although input dealers’ performance of extension roles was high (55.8%), they had low training (68.6%) to boost performance. Significant relationships existed between performance of extension roles and type of trade (χ2 = 25.135, p < 0.05) and membership of input dealers association (χ2 = 12.550, p < 0.05). Also, a significant positive correlation existed between performance of extension roles and training received (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and sources of agricultural knowledge (r = 0.25, p < 0.05). It was recommended that input dealers should be strengthened to perform extension roles by enhancing their training and access to sources of agricultural knowledge via institutionalized research, extension, input companies and input dealers’ linkage.
Testing the accuracy of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem
Authors: Idris S. , Rilwan A. , Abubakar S.A. , Adamu M. , Sadiq Y. , Abubakar F.
Published: January 2022

Soil testing is key to soil fertility management as it serves as a fertilizer application guide to farmers, scientists and consultants. It gives information on soil nutrient status and its supplying capacity. Laboratory (LB) procedures have been the most reliable approach for soil nutrients analyses. However, it is costly and nonpoint. Thus, the use of in–situ testing kit emerges and becomes prominent. Notwithstanding, applicability of soil testing kit must be validated by laboratory test. This work aimed to examine the reliability/suitability of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem (SK) in determining selected soil nutrients in Sahel Savannah, Nigeria. Twentyfive replicate soil samples were collected from 12°47’86’’-12°20’96’’N and 4°38’37’’-4°188’02’’E, Kebbi State Nigeria and used to test soil pH, N, P, K and soil organic carbon (SOC) by SK and LB. The SK uses colour chart and comparator for rating nutrients status qualitatively into; low, medium and high and up to very high for P. The LB results were transformed to qualitative data by corresponding the values with soil rating standardinto low, medium and high. To perform statistics, weighting was done by assigning weight load to each category; low = 1, medium = 2 and high = 3. The two methods were compared using t-test, regression and descriptive analyses. Results showed non-significant difference between the two methods for soil contents of N, P and K. However, SK poorly estimated soil pH and SOC. Correlation and regression coefficients (r = 0.915 and R2 = 0.838, respectively) indicated reliability of the SK. It is concluded that SK can be reliably used for N, P, and K but not soil pH and SOC estimation for soils in Sahel savannah of Nigeria.
Effect of Ondo State Agricultural Inputs Supply Agency on profitability of crop farmers in Owo Lga, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Odeyemi A.A. , Adetarami O. , Johnson S.B. , Oyebamiji B.A.
Published: January 2022

This study assessed the effect of Ondo State Agricultural Inputs Supply Agency (OSAISA) on the profitability of crop farmers in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of arable crop farmers, compared the profitability of OSAISA patronizing food crop farmers (PF) and non-patronizing food crop farmers (NPF) and identified the various constraints encountered by patronizing farmers in dealing with OSAISA. One hundred and twenty food crop farmers random sampling procedure. Information was obtained from the respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive statistics and budgeting technique. Findings revealed that 88.3% and 86.7% of the PF and NPF, respectively were males. About 50.0% of PF and 56.7% of NPF were between 41 and 50 years of age. The net farm income of the PF was greater than the NPF and benefit cost ratio for PF was more sustainable and viable than that of NPF. The major constraint faced by the OSAISA’ PF was inadequate capital to purchase the desired inputs. Based on the results, the study concludes that OSAISA contributes tremendously to the profitability of patronizing farmers in the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that farmers should be given easy access to acquire loan to meet their input demand and farming business in general; including adequate and timely supply of inputs for effective and efficient productivity.
Ethanolic extract of Ocimum Gratissimum (Scent Leaf) leaves improves haematological parameters in restrain-stressed rats
Authors: Anachuna K.K. , Moke E.G. , Oyem J.C. , Omogbiya A.I. , Daubry T.M.E. , Ebuwa E.I.
Published: January 2022

Stress alters system physiology as well as humoral immunity and hematology, and its problems have become a global issue. The present study was designed to investigate effects of the use of traditional herbs such as Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on hematological parameters in stressed rats. We subjected adult female Wistar rats to prolonged restrained stress for 14 days and administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg of OG leaf extract and Vitamin C respectively for 14 days. Animals (200-250 g) were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 0, day 7 and Day 14 so as to assess the dose and time dependent effect of the extract. Findings revealed that OG leaf extract caused a dose-dependent significant protective effect (P<0.05) on the packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count and total red blood cell (RBC) count compared to Vitamin C treated group. Our study confirms that OG leaf extract is better at improving haematological parameters of restrain stressed rats compared to Vitamin C and it was more effective in animals that were administered 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract. The result indicates that OG leaf extract could alleviate prolonged exposure to stress by lowering PCV, total WBC, total RBC, hemoglobin count and elevating blood platelets.
Effect of Ota Industrial Estate effluents on surface water quality of Oruku River, Ota, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ekute B.O. , Etim E.U.
Published: January 2022

The effect of industrial effluents on surface water quality of Oruku River was investigated in this study by analyzing selected water quality indicators such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were examined amongst other physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Results show that, average pH of the surface waters ranged from 5.53±0.31 to 6.23±0.45 with SR3 having the highest value. This indicates that all the water sources were alkaline. The effluents had an average pH range of 5.95 ± 1.12 to 6.40 ± 0.48. A comparison of these average pH values with effluent quality standards indicated that the effluents pH were below limit (6.5-9.5). The average BOD levels in surface water ranged from 1.94 ± 0.95 for SR-4 to 3.78 ± 1.61 for SR-1. DO average values in surface water was found to be higher at SR-1 with a mean value of 5.36 ± 1.55 and lower at SR-2 with a mean value of 3.05 ± 0.68. The mean COD value for surface water ranged from 108.66 ± 73.03mg/L to 232.81 ± 155.46mg/L. SR-3 had the highest COD average value of 232.81 ± 155.46mg/L while there was a reduction at SR-5 to an average value of 108.66 ± 73.03mg/L. The high COD value in the surface water indicates that gross-organic pollution of the water source may be from other sources such as agricultural and urban run-offs.
Management of crisis of COVID-19 by the council for regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) Benin City, using six sigma project management approach
Authors: Kingsley-Omoyibo Q. , Ayebakuro R.E.
Published: January 2022

Effective project management style is extremely important for managing crisis and this strongly contributes to the success of an organization such as COREN. The objective of this study is to assess the management crisis of COVID- 19 by the council for regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) Benin City, Nigeria using six sigma project management approach with the triangulation design of two phases, Phase 1 using quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics while phase 2 used the qualitative analysis. Final results collected from the merger of phase 1 and phase 2 showed a T-test value of -37.523 at P value significant of 0.000 obtained for understanding project management as it relates to crisis management during times of extraordinary crisis in the model and was less than 5% level of significance indicating that there is a significant relationship between Understanding project management as it relates to crisis management to aid organizations in working effectively during times of extraordinary crisis. Process performance was improved to address the root cause of poor crisis management using six sigma styles with 68 % strongly agreeing that proper planning will provide an efficient medium. A one sample T test result of -42.547, with a 95% confidence interval of the difference at a lower value of -1.99 and an upper value of -1.81, showed that the model is reliable with absence of serial auto correlation. A standard deviation of 0.309 showed that 1% increase in proper understanding of project management styles (six sigma) activities results in 30.9% decrease in crisis such as COVID19. Hence using the six sigma style of managing extraordinary crisis has proved to sustain managing crisis and strongly contributes to the success of organizations such as COREN.
A review on health-care acquired infections of the hospital staff during routine patient’s delivery service
Authors: Enaigbe A.A. , Irodi C.C.
Published: January 2022

The health-care acquired infections (HCAIs) occur world-wide among persons undergoing medical attention in health institutions and result in unexpected long-term stay, disability and financial loses. The most predominant infections are catheter associated urinary tract, central line associated, surgical site and ventilator associated pneumonia infections. The patients are prone to infections during hospitalization from varied environmental sources, hands of health-care professionals, medical equipment and other infected patients. The frequent factors affecting patients on admission are improper hand hygiene, contact with infected patients, adverse drug events and surgical complications. Patients under health-care delivery can acquire infection disseminated from food, water, aerosols and hospital wastes. The application of personal protective equipment, routine educational interventions are common approaches that can help stop HCAIs and save lives, decrease death rate and health delivery expenses. In buttressing this, the World Health Organization (WHO) enunciated guidelines to enhance hand washing practices, infection prevention and control programme, monitored use of antibiotics and its resistance. The other measures included global adoption of efficient surveillance system and the impact of relevant stakeholders in health sectors needed to prevent and control hospital acquired infections.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from benzoic acid bidentate Schiff base ligand
Authors: ADO I. , NA’ALIYA J. , SANI S. , HALEELU M.M.
Published: January 2022

The Schiff base was synthesized by condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 3- aminobenzoic acid in 1:1 molar ratio. The Schiff base ligand formed complexes with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) acetate via mechanochemical synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by solubility test, thermal analysis, FT-IR, powder x-ray diffraction, molar conductance measurement, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. The Schiff base has a melting point of 190 oC. The decomposition temperature of complexes was found to be in the range 289 – 302 oC. The Schiff base and its metal (II) complexes were soluble in DMF, DMSO and sparingly soluble in acetonitrile, chloroform, diethyl ether and insoluble in n-hexane which indicate the polar nature of the synthesized compounds. The IR spectral analysis of the free Schiff base shows a band at 1622 cm-1, assigned to v(C=N) stretching vibrations. This band was shifted in the spectra of complexes (1607 – 1633 cm-1), indicating coordination of the Schiff base to the metal ion through the azomethine group. The molar conductance of complexes determined are in the range 9.51 – 14.87 Ohm-1cm2mol-1 which indicate the non-electrolytic nature in DMF. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes exhibit a magnetic moment in the range 1.25 – 3.08 BM. The values correspond to square-planar geometry. The magnetic moment value of Zn (II) complex indicates a diamagnetic behaviour. The elemental analysis of the complexes for C, H and N determined showed that the observed and the calculated percentages of the elements are in good agreement.
Truth-telling and patients' diagnoses in optometric practice in Nigeria
Authors: Ebeigbe J.A , Oni C.A
Published: January 2022

Background: The doctor-patient relationship is crucial to health care services including eye care. Telling the truth is an important aspect of this relationship in ensuring safe and effective treatment and management of patients.Method: A qualitative study using one - on- one in- depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Forty four respondents comprising 10 eye care practitioners (ECPs) and 34 patients were recruited. The ECPs were between 32 to 51 years while the patients were between 18 and 50 years old.Results: Common lies told were mainly about age, onset or duration of condition, medications used prior to their visit to the doctor's and level of compliance to doctor's prescription. Others were about health status, history of self-medication and social habits like smoking and/or drinking. Reasons for telling some of these lies included fear of early retirement, fear of being judged or stigmatized, lack of privacy during clerking and embarrassment from being caught in a previous lie.Conclusion: Untruths and manipulation of information can damage the relationship between doctor and patient because it leads to distrust and this can compromise eye care.

Keywords: Truth, doctor- patient, relationship, diagnoses
The Informers and the Shakespeares
Authors: Voss Tony
Published: January 2022

No abstract
In Memoriam: Martin Orkin (1942–2021)
Authors: Newfield Denise
Published: January 2022

No abstract
Looking for Shakespeare: The global and the local in Mauritian Shakespeare adaptation and classroom practice
Authors: Ramsoondur Angela , Luong Sheila Wong Kong
Published: January 2022

This article considers manifestations of both  global and local Shakespeares in Mauritius. It starts with Dev Virahsawmy’s Shakespeare adaptations – Toufann (1991) in particular – as a well-known point of reference, placing the globalisation of Shakespeare in a localised (Mauritian) space into perspective via a discussion of language and context. The authors then reflect on the use of YouTube in the teaching of Shakespeare in undergraduate classes at the University of Mauritius, with selected adverts and music videos exemplifying a new ‘mash-up’ form of Shakespeare. Both Shakespeare and YouTube are carriers/channels of culture; while Shakespeare remains an emblematic figure, however, tertiary level classroom practice challenges the notion that his works are ‘timeless’ and ‘universal’.
On Shakespeare and Postcolonial Thinking
Authors: Dhar Amrita
Published: January 2022

No abstract
Metody nauczania języka angielskiego
Authors: Jaskiernia Klaudia
Published: January 2022

Methods of teaching English in early childhood education

The aim of this work is to present and discuss the methods used in teaching English in 1–3 grades in primary school and the frequency of their use by teachers during classes. We have unconventional and conventional methods. The first group of methods includes: Total Physical Response, The Silent Way, Community Language Learning, Natural Method, Sugestopedia and Communicative Language Teaching. Teachers also use the second group of methods, in which we have: direct method, grammatical-translation method, audiolingual method and cognitive method. The research was conducted using a diagnostic survey in primary schools among of English teachers in early childhood education. The research show that teachers often use these methods in 1–3 grades in primary school. Connecting unconventional and conventional methods allows teachers to diversify their activities and adapting issues to the children during the lessons.
Dziecięcy świat dźwięków — edukacja muzyczna dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Semik Monika , Tęczyńska-Kęska Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Children’s world of sounds — musical education of a preschool child

Music is around us — every day music is the noise of trees, the rustle of leaves, the sound of a passing tram, the barking of a dog. We learn it while studying in kindergarten and school, but above all at home. This is where the child learns the first melodies. Initially, these are sounds from the immediate environment, starting with the mother’s heartbeat and the melody of her words. Then we expand our knowledge of sounds with children’s counting, acoustic experiments, short song chants, kindergarten songs and music accompanying the game. It’s all a child’s world of sounds, but what’s the key to that?

The natural musical development of humans is observed between the ages of 1 and 13, and this is when the most important changes take place in the body, including the maturation of the auditory analyzer and psychomotor performance. Therefore, a variety of musical activities of parents, and then teachers, which are aimed at developing the child’s musical abilities, are very significant at this time. They can be realized by singing together, listening to music of different styles, creating ostinato on instruments and simple instrumentation. Free and directed movement as well as instrumental improvisation are also important.

To understand music, you need to be extremely sensitive to its beauty. This is a trait that cannot be taught to children just like that, but it is possible to create any conditions for them to experience music emotionally. This main goal of children’s music education should be realized with the use of five forms of musical activity, which will be discussed in detail in this article.
Madmen and a Melancholic: Allusions to Health and the Anointing of the Sick in Polemics of the Hussite Period
Authors: Nowakowski Paweł F.
Published: January 2022

Madmen and a Melancholic: Allusions to Health and the Anointing of the Sick in Polemics of the Hussite Period

Hussitism regarded as heresy was perceived in terms of a disease in the healthy body of the Church. In particular, raids by Hussite troops were interpreted in the category of madness, as furor Hussitarum. However, the Hussite side also saw controversies regarding health issues. John of Borotín, a physician and Utraquist, made a long-distance diagnosis of the psychiatric condition of his Hussite adversary, John of Capistrano. Reformist radicals considered the principles of the Anointing of the Sick and pondered whether the rite was a sacrament or not. Although medical and health allusions were not the main rhetorical tool used in the religious disputes, such examples can be found there.
Reakcje społeczne na pierwszą pandemię cholery w carskiej Rosji na podstawie przeglądu prasy i dokumentów z epoki (XIX w.)
Authors: Landowski Zbigniew
Published: January 2022

Social reactions to the first cholera pandemic in Tsarist Russia on the basis of a review of the contemporary press and documents (XIXth century)

This article presents the social context of the cholera epidemic in 1830 in Tsarist Russia, focusing on the reaction of the authorities, including imposed restrictions, as well as social reactions to the disease itself, along with official restrictions, embracing extreme forms of social protests, the so-called “Cholera Riots”. There are also descriptions of medical recommendations, prophylaxis, and the then recommended methods of treating cholera, the position and activities of the church and the role of the media via the example of the daily newspaper Сѣверная пчела.
A Chronicle of the Pandemic: Hugh Gibson’s Notes on the “Spanish Flu” of 1918
Authors: Reed Vivian
Published: January 2022

A Chronicle of the Pandemic: Hugh Gibson’s Notes on the “Spanish Flu” of 1918

Hugh Gibson (1883–1954) was a young American diplomat who had a knack for landing in the thick of the action. During the pandemic of 1918, he found himself in Paris tasked with advising General John Pershing on diplomatic matters, straightening out the morass of American propaganda in Europe, and collaborating with military intelligence. To this was added the role of official US liaison to the Polish and Czech national committees. His multiple tasks were carried out against the backdrop of the dramatic last six months of the Great War. The Armistice of November 1918 arrived on the heels of the deadly second wave of the “Spanish Flu”. Gibson then turned his attention from military matters to humanitarian aid for all of Europe as diplomatic adviser to Herbert Hoover’s American Relief Administration. Throughout the tumultuous year from spring 1918 to spring 1919, Gibson experienced the Spanish Flu from multiple angles: military, diplomatic, international, refugee, care-giver, and a personal bout with the flu. Using excerpts from An American in Europe at War and Peace: Hugh Gibson’s Chronicles, 1918–1919 (edited by Vivian Reed and Jochen Böhler, DeGruyter Oldenbourg, Fall 2020), this article traces Gibson’s fascinating journey through a historic pandemic.
Grypa hiszpanka w Szwecji w latach 1918–1919 – przebieg oraz konsekwencje
Authors: Kłonczyński Arnold
Published: January 2022

Spanish flu in Sweden 1918–1919 – course and consequences

Sweden, like many other countries, experienced the effects of the Spanish flu epidemic, which lasted from June 1918 to mid-1919. During this time, 37,000 inhabitants of Sweden died from this strain of influenza. The analysis undertaken relates to how the epidemic and its consequences were dealt with and what the development of the epidemic entailed for Swedish society. The main sources are statistical data showing both the scale of the incidence of this influenza variety and the demographic consequences. Daily press and memoirs were also used. The epidemic occurred in Sweden with varying intensity. It mainly affected people between 20 and 40 years of age. A significant number of victims were seen in the army, which posed a serious threat to state security. The Swedish authorities were not prepared to deal with an influenza epidemic. But they quickly managed to organise temporary care for flu patients. While fighting the epidemic, a number of reforms were introduced (reorganisation of the health service, a new tax system, changes to the welfare system), which led to the creation of the Swedish welfare state model in the following decade. The epidemic also had a trickle-down effect on the democratisation of public life.
The synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates from low carbon wastewater under anaerobic-microaerobic process: effects of pH and nitrogen and phosphorus limitation
Authors: Zhang Kequan , Fang Qian , Xie Yihan , Chen Yujia , Wei Tong , Xiao Yanyu
Published: January 2022

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a new type of bio-polyester which is expected to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics. The experiment was carried out based on anaerobic-microaerobic process. Firstly, the PHA accumulation capacity of activated sludge under different pH conditions was discussed, and then the batch test of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation was carried out under the condition of optimal pH. Moreover, the content of PHA monomer under nutrient restriction was also studied. The experimental results showed that when pH was not controlled (7.5~8.5), C:N and C:P weight ratio was equal to 150, the maximum content of PHA accounted for 50.39% and 36.07% of the dry cell weight, respectively. Besides, it was found that increasing the C:N weight ratio was beneficial to increasing the proportion of polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) monomer in PHA.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỘ CONG VÊNH CỦA SẢN PHẨM KHUNG NHỰA – KIM LOẠI TRONG ÉP PHUN DÙNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TAGUCHI VÀ BỀ MẶT ĐÁP ỨNG
Authors: TRIỀU NGUYỄN KHOA , KEE LEE BONG-
Published: January 2022

Trong bài này, một nghiên cứu mô phỏng số về độ cong vênh của một sản phẩm ép phun được thực hiện dựa trên phương pháp Taguchi và bề mặt đáp ứng. Để thu nhỏ và tích hợp các thành phần của bộ phận đèn nền cho màn hình tinh thể lỏng, một bộ khung tích hợp được phát triển bằng cách tích hợp khung thông thường, gương phản xạ kim loại và khung bezel. Dùng kỹ thuật ép phun chèn linh kiện, một sản phẩm kết hợp, mỏng nhưng độ cứng cao có thể được chế tạo thành công. Để tăng độ tin cậy cho sản xuất hàng loạt sản phẩm này, một nghiên cứu mô phỏng số về lỗi cong vênh đã được thực hiện. Ảnh hưởng của các thông số được phân tích bằng kỹ thuật tối ưu hóa kép. Theo đó, áp suất nén đóng vai trò quan trọng nhất; các giá trị tối ưu cho tất cả các thông số cũng được đề xuất. Nghiên cứu hiện tại có thể được sử dụng cho phát triển và sản xuất các sản phẩm mới với độ chính xác cao và tiêu thụ nguyên liệu tối thiểu.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INJECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROTREATED VEGETABLE OIL IN A DIESEL ENGINE COMMON RAIL SYSTEM
Authors: CHAU VO TAN , LONG DUONG HOANG , CHINDA CHAROENPHONPHANICH
Published: January 2022

The diesel combustion is primarily controlled by the fuel injection process. The start of injection therefore has a significant effect in the engine, which relates large amount of injected fuel at the beginning of injection to produces a strong burst of combustion with a high local temperature and high NOx formation. This paper investigated the impact of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 80% by mass of HVO with commercial diesel fuel (mixed 7% FAME-B7) to injection process under the Zeuch’s method and compared to that of B7. The focus was on the injection flow rate in the variation of injection pressures, back pressures, and energizing times. The experimental results indicated that injection delay was inversely correlated to HVO fraction in the blend as well as injection pressure. At different injection pressures, HVO revealed a slightly lower injection rate than diesel that resulted in smaller injection quantity. Discharge coefficient was recognized larger with HVO and its blends. At 0.5ms of energizing time, injection rate profile displayed the incompletely opening of needle. Insignificant difference in injection rate was observed as increasing of back pressure.
Traceability of Fruits and Vegetables Supply Chain towards Efficient Management: A Case Study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarasinghe Y. M. P. , Kumara B. A. M. S. , Kulatunga Asela K.
Published: January 2022

The necessity for food traceability has been increased over the years with the expansion of food supply chains globally over these years due to stringent of food safety regulations. Enhancing the access to quality food safely is one of the essential requirements of food supply chain traceability. Conversely, significant percentages of postharvest losses available especially in developing countries due to poor supply chain and logistics practices thereby threatening food security. Unless there is a possibility to trace the Supply chain, it is difficult to take remedial actions. When it comes to Sri Lanka, currently it is harder to have the traceability in most of the foods supply chains commonly on most of the elementary supply chains such as fruits and vegetables. This has led to postharvest losses since it is harder to identify when and where damages occur, who are accountable, harvested and transient times, supply demand mismatch too. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of tracing of fruit and vegetable supply chain in Sri Lanka and contribute theoretically to facilitate authorities and decision makers for future traceability improvement. Availability of secondary information on fruits and vegetables traceability was examined referring to government agencies. Basic structure of supply chain was identified based on secondary data and a case study was conducted based on supply chains linked to Thambuththegama and Keppetipola Dedicated Economic Centers to gather primary data. To quantify the feasibility of tracing, a feasibility index was developed. Developed index was used to assess the feasibility towards improved traceability of selected chains where it can be applied for other food and non-food supply chains as well. The feasibility index can be used for other fruits and vegetables supply chains too to assess the feasibility prior to implementation of a traceability system. Furthermore, it can be used for non-food supply chains with some modifications. Analysis revealed that poor feasibility of wholesalers compared to farmers and retailers. Product identification technologies, awareness and willingness for traceability improvement were ranged low to fair for all the entity categories. Hence, enhancement of record-keeping and information sharing, adopting product identification and quality measurement technologies, and strengthening of legislation were identified as key improvements for enhanced fruits and vegetable traceability and efficient postharvest management of studied supply chains
Quot-scheme limit of Fubini-Study metrics and Donaldson's functional for vector bundles
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshinori , Keller Julien
Published: January 2022

For a holomorphic vector bundle $E$ over a polarised K\"ahler manifold, we establish a direct link between the slope stability of $E$ and the asymptotic behaviour of Donaldson's functional, by defining the Quot-scheme limit of Fubini-Study metrics. In particular, we provide an explicit estimate which proves that Donaldson's functional is coercive on the set of Fubini-Study metrics if $E$ is slope stable, and give a new proof of Hermitian-Einstein metrics implying slope stability.

Comment: 38 pages. Final version
Deuda pública en México: dinámica e implicaciones de política
Authors: Martínez Chapa Oshiel , Salazar Castillo Jorge Eduardo , Quispe Aruquipa Saul Roberto
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that have driven the public debt in Mexico and its consequences on the economy. The hypothesis proposed is that the increase in debt is related to factors such as discretion in the management of public resources, the guarantee of oil resources, the cost of financial bailouts and the growing social spending exercised. The research question is: How has public debt evolved in the medium and long term, and what are the consequences? The methodology used is qualitative in that it analyzes the facts and documents, and the second is quantitative in that it uses a regression model in which a growth rate of the variable in question is used. The data come from institutions such as the Bank of Mexico, the World Bank, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), as well as World Population Review. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for governments to adopt responsible policies in order to influence growth and economic development, and not that austerity policies cause low investment and unemployment in the country.
Legislative Provision of Standardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment Development: International Aspect
Authors: Smernytskyi Demian V. , Aleksandrov Mykhailo Y. , Prykhodko Vadym I. , Podoinitsyn Valerii M. , Bakal Malvina A.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to identify objectives and measures for expansion of the system of standards in Ukraine for the development of armaments and military equipment in the context of improving national defence capabilities. The following methods were used to achieve the aim set in the study: the method of direct observation, comparison, monitoring and analysis of the content of documents that provide standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the state and interstate levels. The key results of the study were: observation and comparison of the scope of regulations that ensure the standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the national level, as well as among NATO countries; comparison and distribution of powers of the competence of executive and supervisory bodies for the development and implementation of standards. Besides, the study provides a chart of the legal background for standardisation, and directly determines the sequential logical place of the stage of development of armaments and military equipment in the life cycle. Proposals are made at the end of the study on how to increase the effectiveness of legislative provision for the standardisation of armaments and military equipment.
Legal Mechanisms for Protection of the Rights of Participants in Contractual and Non-Contractual Legal Relations
Authors: Sviatoshniuk Serhii S. , Bakalo Liliia O. , Bilostotskyi Oleg V. , Gut Serhii F. , Chaikovskyi Oleg I. , Zaiets Oleksandr M.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations based on the experience of foreign countries, namely: Australia, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, Germany, Portugal, Turkey, France, and Switzerland. This research involved the following methods: sociological analysis, system-structural and comparative methods, logical-semantic and formal-logical methods, as well as the dialectical method. Our study resulted in identification of the main characteristics and features of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations of each of the studied countries. As a result, we drew conclusions about the need to update the regulatory framework of most of the said countries. The further use of mechanisms for legal protection of the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations will help ensure their real and effective protection.
State Information Security Policy (Comparative Legal Aspect)
Authors: Dziundziuk Viacheslav B. , Kotukh Yevgen V. , Krutii Olena M. , Solovykh Vitalii P. , Kotukov Oleksandr A.
Published: January 2022

The rapid development of information technology and the problem of its rapid implementation in all spheres of public life, the growing importance of information in management decisions to be made by public authorities, a new format of media — these and other factors urge the problem of developing and implementing quality state information security policy. The aim of the article was to conduct a comparative analysis of the latest practices of improving public information security policies in the European Union, as well as European countries such as Poland, Germany, Great Britain, and Ukraine. The formal-logic, system-structural and problem-theoretical methods were the leading methodological tools. The analysis of regulatory legal acts showed that there is a single concept of international information security at the global and regional levels, which requires additional legal instruments for its implementation. It is stated that the reform of national information security policies has a direct impact on the formation of a single global information space. According to the results of the study, it is substantiated that the United Kingdom is characterized by the most promising information security policy.
Guarantees within tax legal relations: challenges of the present day
Authors: Leheza Yevhen , Novytskyi Andrii , Kravziuk Alina , Repekha Nataliia , Yefremov Artem
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the research is dedicated to modern challenges related to the implementation of legal guarantees within tax legal relationships. Legal guarantees within tax legal relations are the embodiment of the constitutional and legal guarantees of human and civil rights and, at the same time, act as an integrated intersectoral tool, covering both the administrative, financial and tax spheres respectively. The methodological basis of the article consisted of a set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge that, when applied, provide the opportunity to achieve the stated objective and ensure the scientific reliability and validity of the theoretical conclusions obtained. It is concluded that, to implement the potential to ensure taxpayers' choice of alternative methods of taxation, it is necessary to create conditions for commercial entities to perform the appropriate calculations and make the appropriate decisions. Entrepreneurs should receive government help in this through various electronic services.
Russian court in adversarial criminal procedures
Authors: Batchaeva Erna Kaysynovna , Chistilina Daria Olegovna , Grinenko Aleksandr Viktorovich , Ryabinina Tatyana Kimovna , Potapov Vasiliy Jonovich
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the role of the Russian court in accusatory criminal proceedings. At the legislative and practical levels, there is uncertainty about the degree of judicial activity in relation to the question of evidence. The theoretical model of the accusatory system assumes that there is minimal judicial intervention in the investigative proceedings of the parties. The latter must act and defend their position in the criminal case. The court is supposed to have a passive stance. The methodological basis of this study is composed of general scientific and legal methods such as dialectical, historical, systematic, comparative legal, formal-logical methods, etc. Most countries that practice an accusatory model of criminal justice grant the court a certain level of action that allows it to participate fully in the evidence during trials. By way of conclusion, it is suggested to improve the capabilities of the Russian court to actively investigate the evidence, as well as to offer new forms of defense to the parties.