bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH INPUT BAHASA ORANG TUA TERHADAP KOMPLEKSITAS BAHASA ANAK: STUDI KASUS PADA ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN MELALUI INTERACTIVE SHARED READING
Authors: Sundari Hanna
Published: September 2016

AbstrakOrang tua merupakan lingkungan sosial dan sumber bahasa pertama bagi anak di awal kehidupannya. Komunikasi antara orang tua dan anak dipercaya dapat memengaruhi perkembangan bahasa dan perilaku anak. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan apa dan bagaimana input bahasa orang tua (parental language input) khususnya dorongan bahasa ibu dan kompleksitas bahasa yang diproduksi  anak melalui interactive shared reading. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 orang anak perempuan berusia 5 tahun dan ibunya. Ibu melakukan aktivitas membacakan cerita (story reading) dibantu dengan buku bergambar setelah itu anak diminta menceritakan ulang (retelling story). Melalui teknik rekam dan catat, pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali dan diamati berdasarkan 2 aktivitas tersebut.Setelah transkripsi dilakukan, data lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa input bahasa ibu lebih banyak dalam bentuk pertanyaan dan pengisian yang mendorong anak untuk berfikir dan memproduksi bahasa. Bahasa anak juga didominasi oleh bentuk pertanyaan. Anak bertanya mengenai isi cerita maupun kata yang belum diketahuinya. Struktur kalimat anak kerap tidak beraturan dan terdapat beberapa bentukan kata yang belum dikuasai anak. Namun secara makna dapat dipahami. Hal ini menunjukkan anak sedang dalam proses pemerolahan bahasa.Kata kunci: input bahasa orang tua, kompleksitas bahasa anak, interactive shared readingAbstractParents are the first social environment and language source for children in early life. Parents-children interaction and communication influences how children acquire language and how they behave years later. This descriptive research aims at describing what and how parental language input particularly language prompting from mother affect children language development dan how children produce language through interactive shared reading. The informants were a 5-year-old child and her mother. They were videotaped while the mother was reading stories based on picture books; and then, the child was asked to retell the story. The activities were recorded 3 times during those two events run. After having transcripted in verbatim, the data showed that maternal language input mostly contains in questions and filling-ins to promote children thinking dan speech production. Moreover, child language is dominated by questions too. The questions are related to the story and unfamiliar vocabulary.  Sentence structures made by children are often disordered and the children contructs wrong word-forms. However, those utterances are understandle. This actually indicates that child is in the process of acquiring language. Keywords: parent language, the complexity of children's language, interactive shared reading
Ediorial
Authors: Dassie Bruno Alves
Published: September 2016

Editorial do v. 24, n. 2 (2016)
Saberes aritméticos nos Programas de Ensino dos Grupos Escolares catarinenses: período 1911-1946
Authors: Souza Thuysa Schlichting de , Costa David Antonio da
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo objetiva-se analisar as determinações oficiais para a matéria de Aritmética nos Programas de Ensino dos Grupos Escolares de Santa Catarina durante as reformas “Orestes Guimarães” (1911-1935) e “Elpídio Barbosa” (1946–1969). Busca-se evidenciar as continuidades e rupturas entre os conteúdos e os métodos prescritos em ambas as reformas. Para tal intento, os principais referenciais teórico-metodológicos mobilizados tratam da história das disciplinas escolares e da cultura escolar. No que se refere às fontes da pesquisa, são utilizadas as legislações que consubstanciaram ambas as reformas, em especial os Programas de Ensino dos Grupos Escolares de 1914 e 1946, além das obras: “Palestras sobre Ensino”, de Francis Wayland Parker, e “Didática da Escola Nova”, de Alfredo Miguel Aguayo. A análise dos programas mostra que o ensino intuitivo representou uma inovação no pensamento pedagógico e permaneceu influenciando o currículo do ensino primário em tempos de escolanovismo.
Regulation of ERK and AKT Pathways by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein via Notch1 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Bo , Zhou Hong-Hao , Liang Hui-Fang , Li Chang-Hai
Published: September 2016

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the dominant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles in HCC carcinogenesis. HBx interferes with several signaling pathways including Notch1 pathway in HCC. In our study, we found that Notch1 was highly expressed in HCC especially in large HCC. Notch1 and HBx co-localized in HCC and their levels were positively correlated with each other. Notch1 expression was more elevated in HepG2.2.15 than that in HepG2. HBx activated Notch1 pathway in HepG2.2.15. Repression of HBx and Notch1 pathway attenuated the growth of HepG2.2.15. Notch1, ERK and AKT pathways were inhibited after a γ-secretase inhibitor treatment. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were up-regulated after the γ-secretase inhibitor treatment and Hes1 inhibition. Luciferase reporter assays showed that Hes1 repressed the promoters of DUSP1 and PTEN and this was reverted by γ-secretase inhibitor treatment. Western blotting demonstrated that DUSP1 dephosphorylated pERK and PTEN dephosphorylated pAKT. Collectively, we reported a link among HBx, Notch1 pathway, DUSP1/PTEN, and ERK/AKT pathways, which influenced HCC cell survival and could be a therapeutic target for HCC.
Multi-dimensional Interpretation of Radiomagnetotelluric and Transient Electromagnetic Data to Study Active Faults in the Mygdonian Basin, Northern Greece
Authors: Widodo  , Gurk Marcus , Tezkan Bülent
Published: September 2016

The Mygdonian Basin is located about 45 km NE of the city center of Thessaloniki in northern Greece. We conducted an electromagnetic (EM) survey that covers parts of the epicenter area between Lake Volvi and Lake Langada of the local 1978 earthquake that caused structural damage in the city center of Thessaloniki. Ambient noise measurements in the basin strongly suggest a complex 3-D tectonic setting. Hence, near-surface electromagnetic measurements were carried out to map the local fault pattern in the research area. We conducted radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements along eight profiles, giving a total number of 443 RMT and 107 TEM soundings to study the spatial electrical conductivity distribution. In this context, RMT data are used to study the shallow conductivity structure down to about 35 m, whereas the TEM data explore the conductivity distribution down to a depth of 200 m. The 1-D and 2-D interpretation of RMT and TEM data indicate a local fault pattern in the survey area that was also studied by 3-D modeling of the RMT data.
Peri‐operative cardiac arrest secondary to adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Bhandari Sanjay , O'keeffe Vincent
Published: September 2016

We describe a patient who suffered a cardiac arrest preceded by bradyarrhythmia in the immediate postoperative period and further episodes in the high dependency unit (HDU) that was secondary to a low cortisol level. The patient was managed with hydrocortisone replacement following which the condition of the patient improved with no further cardiac arrests. There are few documented cases of cardiac arrest in the peri‐operative period secondary to undiagnosed cortisol deficiency.
Study of behaviour addiction problem condition among minors and research results
Authors: Mutallapova Rasina Floritovna
Published: September 2016

The following article demonstrates the results of experience-experimental work on methodics "test-questionnaire for detecting computer addiction.
Problems of russian prisonners of war in the period of World War I (on the materials of the article "captivity martyrs")
Authors: Sorokin Alexey Vyacheslavovich
Published: September 2016

The following article examines the relation to captive russian soldiers of German and Austrian empires during World War I. The author also analyzes press information announcements of that time.
Place of Russia and China in Edward Hall's typology of cultures: an empirical study
Authors: Yujda Alexandr Alexandrovich
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to problems of intercultural communication and the role of context in intercultural business communication within the framework of Edward Hall's theory. The solution of the above mentioned problems is the aim of this article. In particular, on the basis of empirical research the authors define the present state of Russian and Chinese culture in Hall's cultural typology.
The impact of social networks on the range of children's reading
Authors: Boiko Anna Mikhailovna
Published: September 2016

In this article the author explores the experience of using social media platforms as instruments which form children reading range among elementary school students. The stages were defined and the conclusion about perspectives of its using by elementary school teachers was made.
Republicanismo Adjetivado: as dimensões aristocrática e democrática nos discursos da campanha presidencial brasileira de 2006
Authors: Dias Marcia Ribeiro
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a natureza dos discursos políticos dos dois principais candidatos à presidência do Brasil em 2006, tomando como fonte primordial a campanha veiculada no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral. Parte-se aqui de uma concepção teórica clássica que divide o discurso republicano em duas correntes: a dos partidários da restrição e a dos partidários da ampliação da participação política nos negócios do Estado. A primeira corrente utiliza-se do argumento técnico, do saber especializado como elemento central do bom desempenho governamental. A segunda sustenta-se no argumento político de que o bom governo depende do aprofundamento da democracia através da participação política e do atendimento prioritário às camadas mais necessitadas da população. Pretendo demonstrar como as campanhas de Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) e de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) se apropriaram dos referidos discursos através do investimento nos votos retrospectivo e prospectivo dos eleitores brasileiros.
O impacto da Comunicação Profissional nas paisagens democráticas europeias
Authors: Pinto Pâmela Araujo
Published: September 2016

As mudanças no âmbito da Comunicação e da Política na democracia europeia são descritas de modo comparativo e contextualizado historicamente no livro The Professionalisation of Political Communication. São apresentadas as formas de atuação de profissionais de mídia em oito países (Inglaterra, Alemanha, Suécia, Holanda, Itália , Grécia, França e Hungria), sobretudo no período eleitoral, para explorar como o profissionalismo foi introduzido e como atores políticos e midiáticos se relacionavam neste processo transcorrido nas últimas décadas.
Dilma Rousseff e a mídia internacional: uma análise do primeiro ano do mandato presidencial
Authors: Fernandes Carla Montuori
Published: September 2016

A pesquisa “A liderança da presidente Dilma Rousseff na mídia internacional: uma análise dos jornais Le Monde, El Pais e New York Times” tem como objetivo estudar a cobertura do primeiro ano do novo mandato presidencial brasileiro que se iniciou em 1º de janeiro de 2011, nos três principais sites de cobertura internacional, o espanhol El País, o norte-americano The New York Times e o francês Le Monde.  Após oito anos no exercício do poder, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) deixou a presidência do Brasil com elevado índice de popularidade nacional e imensa visibilidade internacional. Nesse sentido, pretende-se estudar qual será o destaque da sucessora Dilma Rousseff na mídia internacional e a tendência adotada pelos jornalistas ao retratar as diretrizes políticas nos sites de significativa credibilidade na Espanha, nos Estados Unidos e na França. 
O papel do cidadão nas ferramentas de Democracia Digital no Brasil: uma análise do desenho interativo das Comunidades Legislativas do Portal E-Democracia
Authors: Rossini Patricia Gonçalves da Conceição
Published: September 2016

A crescente adoção de ferramentas de participação digital em diversas instâncias da esfera política tem revigorado o debate acerca dos benefícios da Internet para a democracia. Partindo do pressuposto de que a participação política é resultado de uma cidadania construída, na qual a criação de ferramentas participativas não implica, necessariamente, o fortalecimento da relação entre a sociedade e a esfera política, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o papel atribuído ao cidadão no Portal E-Democracia, da Câmara dos Deputados. O estudo parte da revisão de literatura sobre e-participação e deliberação online, enfatizando os efeitos do desenho participativo na criação de affordances e constrangimentos para a participação, com o objetivo de analisar de que maneira o desenho participativo do Portal E-Democracia afeta as possibilidades de engajamento do cidadão na tomada de decisão política.
Democracia desconectada: da necessidade do diálogo com a literatura nacional
Authors: Sampaio Rafael Cardoso
Published: September 2016

RESENHA DE

MAGRANI, Eduardo. Democracia conectada: a internet como ferramenta de engajamento político-democrático. Curitiba: Juruá/FGV Direito Rio, 2014.
The Agreement between Auscultation and Lung Ultrasound in Hemodialysis Patients: The LUST Study
Authors: Torino Claudia , Gargani Luna , Sicari Rosa , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Ekart Robert , Fliser Danilo , Covic Adrian , Siamopoulos Kostas , Stavroulopoulos Aristeidis , Massy Ziad A. , Fiaccadori Enrico , Caiazza Alberto , Bachelet Thomas , Slotki Itzchak , Martinez-Castelao Alberto , Coudert-Krier Marie-Jeanne , Rossignol Patrick , Gueler Faikah , Hannedouche Thierry , Panichi Vincenzo , Wiecek Andrzej , Pontoriero Giuseppe , Sarafidis Pantelis , Klinger Marian , Hojs Radovan , Seiler-Mussler Sarah , Lizzi Fabio , Siriopol Dimitrie , Balafa Olga , Shavit Linda , Tripepi Rocco , Mallamaci Francesca , Tripepi Giovanni , Picano Eugenio , London Gérard Michel , Zoccali Carmine
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives

Accumulation of fluid in the lung is the most concerning sequela of volume expansion in patients with ESRD. Lung auscultation is recommended to detect and monitor pulmonary congestion, but its reliability in ESRD is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a subproject of the ongoing Lung Water by Ultra-Sound Guided Treatment to Prevent Death and Cardiovascular Complications in High Risk ESRD Patients with Cardiomyopathy Trial, we compared a lung ultrasound–guided ultrafiltration prescription policy versus standard care in high-risk patients on hemodialysis. The reliability of peripheral edema was tested as well. This study was on the basis of 1106 pre– and postdialysis lung ultrasound studies (in 79 patients) simultaneous with standardized lung auscultation (crackles at the lung bases) and quantification of peripheral edema.

Results

Lung congestion by crackles, edema, or a combination thereof poorly reflected the severity of congestion as detected by ultrasound B lines in various analyses, including standard regression analysis weighting for repeated measures in individual patients (shared variance of 12% and 4% for crackles and edema, respectively) and κ-statistics (κ ranging from 0.00 to 0.16). In general, auscultation had very low discriminatory power for the diagnosis of mild (area under the receiver operating curve =0.61), moderate (area under the receiver operating curve =0.65), and severe (area under the receiver operating curve =0.68) lung congestion, and the same was true for peripheral edema (receiver operating curve =0.56 or lower) and the combination of the two physical signs.

Conclusions

Lung crackles, either alone or combined with peripheral edema, very poorly reflect interstitial lung edema in patients with ESRD. These findings reinforce the rationale underlying the Lung Water by Ultra-Sound Guided Treatment to Prevent Death and Cardiovascular Complications in High Risk ESRD Patients with Cardiomyopathy Trial, a trial adopting ultrasound B lines as an instrument to guide interventions aimed at mitigating lung congestion in high-risk patients on hemodialysis.
Power and Marginality in the Poetry of Nol Alembong and Emmanuel Fru Doh
Authors: Ngeh Dr. Andrew T.
Published: September 2016

The political history of Anglophones in Cameroon in determining their evolution and growth as a people and community has been bedeviled by intrigues, fraud, manipulations, betrayals, double standards, abuse of power and the marginalization of Anglophones. Given the numerical disadvantage of the Anglophones who constitute only one fifth of Cameroon’s population, the Francophones who are in the majority use the political power they possess to oppress, subjugate and repress the Anglophones. The fundamental question that is raised in this article is: for what reason is power acquired in contemporary African politics? Against this backdrop, the poetic orientation of Anglophone Cameroonian poets sprouts from the close scrutiny and consideration of the past and present socio-political, historical, cultural and economic landscape.

Guided by the new historicist critical theory and the socialist realism of the Lukacsian and Leninist-Marxist paradigm in analyzing and evaluating Nol Alembong’s Forest Echoes (2012) and Emmanuel Fru Doh’s Not Yet Damascus (2007), this paper argues that the poetic works of Alembong and Doh are a response to the social isolation, economic exploitation and political marginalisation of Anglophones in Cameroon. The paper proposes and recommends the culture of dialogue in order to express a response to life and create a harmonious society where peace is maintained and sustained and tension is defused.
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS FOR THE RISK OF DEVELOPING HEART ATTACK
Authors: Urrutia Jackie D. , Tampis Razzcelle L. , Mercado Joseph , M. Baygan Aaron Vito
Published: September 2016

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among Filipinos, accounting for 1 out of every 5 deaths in the past year. Each year, 170,000 Filipinos die from cardiovascular diseases, up from 85,000 more than 20 y ago. This paper aims to estimate the risk of developing Heart Attack using Survival Analysis. The data were obtained from the records of Quirino Memorial Medical Center with a total of 447 observations. The data includes the time t (patient’s age), gender of the patient, covariates such as lifestyle (smoking and drinking alcohol); health conditions (Hypertension, Diabetes, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) level); and family history of Cardiovascular Disease, and the event of interest which is the occurrence of heart attack. The researchers applied two main statistical treatments in examining the data: (1) Cox Regression in formulating a model to estimate the risk of heart attack based on the given covariates; (2) Kaplan-Meier Estimates in calculating the probability of each patient to survive in accordance to their gender depending on the covariates the patients have. Results showed that females have more risks of developing heart attack than males for patients with hypertension, with diabetes, with a family history of CVD, and those who are smoking. However, for patients who are alcoholic, men are more prone to the risk of heart attack than women. The results were obtained with the help of SPSS.
ULTRA LOW POWER HYBRID MICRO ENERGY HARVESTER USING RF, THERMAL AND VIBRATION FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES
Authors: Sampe Jahariah , Zulkifli Farah Fatin , Semsudin Nor Afidatul Asni , Islam Md Shabiul , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop
Published: September 2016

The objective of this research is to design ultra-low power Hybrid Micro Energy Harvester (HMEH) circuit using hybrid inputs of radio frequency (RF), thermal and vibration for biomedical devices. In the HMEH architecture, three input sources (RF, thermal and vibration) are combined in parallel to solve the limitation issue of a single source energy harvester and to improve the system performance. Energy will be scavenged from the human body for thermal and vibration sources by converting directly temperature difference and human movement to electrical energy. The inputs are set to 0.02V and 0.5V for thermal and vibration respectively with the frequency of 1 kHz. Meanwhile, RF source is absorbed from radio wave propagation in our surrounding. For this work, the frequency is set to 915MHz and the output voltages for input ranges of-20dBm to 5dBm are recorded. The performance analysis of the HMEH is divided into two; thermal and vibration harvester circuit and RF harvester circuit. These proposed HMEH circuits are modeled, designed and simulated using PSPICE software. Vibration produces AC input and will be converted to DC using a rectifier. A comparator is used to compare the two sources (thermal and vibration) and boost converter is proposed to step-up these small input sources. Meanwhile, due to RF large frequency, the voltage multiplier is practical for both rectify and step up the input instead of the boost converter. LC resonant network is used to amplify low ambient input of RF passively before it goes to 4–stages voltage multiplier. The proposed HMEH able to achieve the output ranges of 2.0 to 4.0V with 1MΩ load. The results obtained in this research work shows that the proposed design able to produce sufficient voltage for biomedical application requirement which lies between 2.0–4.0 V from the ambient input of 0.02 to 0.5V for thermal and vibration while-9dBm for RF signal.
2.4 GHZ HETERODYNE RECEIVER FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATION
Authors: Cai Wei , Shi Frank
Published: September 2016

The objective of this research was to design a basic 2.4 GHz heterodyne receiver for healthcare on a 130um CMOS process. The ultimate goal for the wireless industry is to minimize the trade-offs between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA), which is commonly used as the first stage of a receiver, is introduced and simulated. LNA performance greatly affects the overall receiver performance. The LNA was designed at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, using the cascode with an inductive degeneration topology. The second part of this thesis presents a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The design uses using PMOS cross-coupled topology with the varactor for wider tuning range topology. In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA) design reaches the NF of 2 dB, has a power consumption of 2.2 mW, and has a gain of 20dB. The second part of this proposal presents a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. The obtained result shows a conversion gain of 14.6 dB and power consumption of 8.2 mW at a 1.3V supply voltage. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The final simulation of the phase noise is-128 dBc/Hz, and the tuning range is 2.3 GHz-2.5 GHz while the total power consumption is 3.25 mW. The performance of the receiver meets the specification requirements of the desired standard.
ADVANCES IN TUMOR MARKERS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
Authors: Guo-qing Huang , Ying Liu , Di-fei Cao , Yu Gong , Dan Su , Jin-hai Zhao , Lei Wang
Published: September 2016

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine malignancy and mostly is found in women. Different pathological types of PTC have different biological behaviors. The hidden onset results in difficulties to diagnose the early PTC. With the development of the molecular biology, increasing the number of researchers is a focus on tumor markers. The sensitivity and specificity of these tumor markers are helpful for early diagnosis and therapy of PTC. This review is oriented towards the finding of the potent thyroid cancer markers have enhanced sensitivity and specificity, with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic efficiency.
In vivo examination of the effects of hydroxycinnamic acid on xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes
Authors: Semiz Asli , Celik-Turgut Gurbet , Karakurt Serdar , Akca Hakan , Arslan Sevki , Adali Orhan , Sen Alaattin
Published: September 2016

In the last decade, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) have gained increasing
attention from researchers due to their antioxidant potential. The aim of
this study was to examine in detail the impact of dietary HCA on particular
types of P450 and also selected phase II and antioxidant enzymes in Wistar
rat. HCA (10 mM/kg/day, i.p.) was administered for ten continuous days.
Examination of the activities and mRNA and protein levels revealed that
CYP2B, 2C6 and 3A enzyme activities were not altered significantly, with
Western blot and qRT-PCR results corroborating this result. While treatment
with HCA led to a significant reduction in CYP1A1/CYP1A2-associated enzyme
activities, CYP1A1 protein, and mRNA levels were found to be unchanged.
Aromatase (CYP19) activity, as well as protein and mRNA levels, were
significantly reduced with HCA treatment. On the other hand, the
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), catalase (CAT), glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activities were
increased significantly. Also, HCA treatment significantly increased the
GST-mu and GST-theta mRNA levels. These observations may be of importance
given the potential use of HCA as a chemopreventive and as an anticancer
agent.
Aegean Emissaries in the Tomb of Senenmut and Their Gift to the Egyptian King
Authors: Matić Uroš
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the representations of the objects brought by the Aegean emissaries depicted in the foreigners’ procession scene in the tomb of Senenmut (TT 71). Through comparison of the depicted objects with the ones found in the Aegean it is argued that not only is it possible to find close analogies for single objects but also for the whole assemblage. The assemblage depicted in the tomb of Senenmut is found in elite burials of the Late Bronze Age I Aegean, and it can be interpreted as a diplomatic gift. The very fact that the same assemblage is found both in the Aegean princely burials and depicted in Senenmut’s tomb, as a gift to the Egyptian king, is of great importance for the discussion on historicity behind this scene. The paper also discusses the transformation of the Aegean gift assemblage after its arrival in Egypt.
Angiographic study of Coronary Artery Dominance in Nepalese Population
Authors: Nepal Rajesh , OM Anil
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe dominance of coronary artery in our population is not known. This study aims to identify dominant coronary artery in Nepalese population.Material and MethodsThis study was carried out in the Cath Lab of Manmohan cardiovascular and thoracic centre Kathamandu over a period of 18 months (August2012 to April 2014). All patients of either gender who presented to the Cath lab for coronary angiography for different indications were included in the study. Patients with congenital heart diseases who were below the age of 18 years were excluded.ResultsA total of 667 patients were enrolled out of which 69% (n=488) were male and 31% (n=219) were female. The mean age was 51.3(30-76) years. Right coronary artery was dominant in 83%, left dominant in 10 % and co-dominant in 7% of the patient population.ConclusionThe right coronary dominant pattern is more prevalent in our population. Gender has no significant association with coronary dominance.Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 6-8
Intelligence Quotient Levels and Sub Tests Comparison in Autistic Children
Authors: Sah Vijay Kumar , Rimal Hem Sagar , Rimal Archana
Published: September 2016

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are disorders of neurodevelopmental origin characterized by social reciprocity deficits, communication deficits, and unusual restricted and repetitive behaviors. In some of these people, measured IQ (Intelligence Quotient) can be normal or even superior or low.Material and Methods This is a Retrospective study in autistic children. We have analyzed with autistic disorder, 47 patients had savant skills and 1 patients of MR (Mental Retardation) had savant skills. China- Wechsler Young Children Scale of Intelligence (C-WYCSI) and China-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC) were used for calculating IQ levels in different age groups.Results Asperger’s syndrome (AS) children had higher verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) compared to autism and high functional autism (HFA) children with statistical difference. Autism children had lower VIQ, performance IQ and FSIQ compared to HFA and AS children with statistical significance. AS children had higher values in C-WISC and CWYCSI compared to autism children.Conclusion Children with Asperger’s syndrome have higher full IQ and Sub test IQ compared with autism and HFA children.Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 9-13
Socioeconomic and Reproductive Factors Related to Low Birth Weight Babies
Authors: Giri Arun , Sedhain Raju
Published: September 2016

Background Birth weight is a major determinant of morbidity, mortality and disability in neonates and children. Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with high morbidity, mortality and lifelong consequences. Hence, it is prudent to identify the risk factors causing LBW neonates and manage them promptly.Material and Methods This study was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital (P.) Ltd.which included term singleton neonates born via normal vaginal route without gross congenital anomalies and sickness at birth. Birth weight of neonate and mother’s socioeconomic and reproductive history was taken within 24 hrs of birth.Results There were 429 infants with birth weight ranging from 1500 gm to 4000 gm with mean birth weight of 2815.84 gm. The incidence of LBW was 21.9% (n=105). Body Mass Index at first Ante Natal Visit (ANV), mother’s age, occupation, smoking, history of abortion and last pregnancy interval were the most important associated variables for LBW.Conclusion Better nutrition during pregnancy, better education of mothers, avoidance of smoking, regular ANV and early commencement of ANV, increasing birth spacing and iron and folic acid supplementation will decrease the incidence of LBW and its consequences.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 57-60
Inverse analysis and DIC as tools to determine material parameters in isotropic metal plasticity models with isotropic strain hardening
Authors: Gajewski Marcin , Kowalewski Łukasz
Published: September 2016

The main objective of this study is to estimate the accuracy of the method for the determination of material parameters based on laboratory data from a single experiment conducted on a sample working in a nonuniform stress state, registered by the digital image correlation system (DIC). The idea of the method is based on the inverse analysis, in which the material parameters are determined by the optimization procedures using the cost function being the result of comparison of the laboratory data with the results of FEM simulation, wherein the whole deformation areas are taken into account. This paper presents the method described above applied on the determination of isotropic hardening parameters for an aluminum alloy material. Tests were carried out on the aluminum plates with nonuniform geometry subjected to tensile deformation. A comparison of the effect of sample geometry on the results was made, and an analysis of the impact of variation of material parameters on the value of the cost function was carried out.
Formability of automotive steels using forming limit diagrams
Authors: Özcan Elvin , Bakkaloğlu Adem
Published: September 2016

Using forming limit diagrams is the most convenient method for determining the forming limits of steel sheets. In this work, they were investigated primarily. Six diagrams were prepared for five different steel grades having different properties and then the effects of sheet thickness, r values, chemical and mechanical properties were compared for the forming limits by using these diagrams. The results revealed that the forming limit curves are shifted towards higher limit strains with the increase of the sheet thickness. Also, it was found that higher r values have a favorable effect on the limit strain values as indicated in the literature. Finally, it was seen from the diagrams that increasing of carbon ratio and strength properties has a negative impact on the formability.
A retrospective study to reveal factors associated with postoperative shoulder imbalance in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with double thoracic curve
Authors: Lee Choon Sung , Hwang Chang Ju , Lim Eic Ju , Lee Dong-Ho , Cho Jae Hwan
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) is a critical consideration after corrective surgery for a double thoracic curve (Lenke Type 2); however, the radiographic factors related to PSI remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the radiographic factors related to PSI after corrective surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in patients with a double thoracic curve.

METHODS

This study included 80 patients with Lenke Type 2 AIS who underwent corrective surgery. Patients were grouped according to the presence [PSI(+)] or absence [PSI(−)] of shoulder imbalance at the final follow-up examination (differences of 20, 15, and 10 mm were used). Various radiographic parameters, including the Cobb angle of the proximal and middle thoracic curves (PTC and MTC), radiographic shoulder height (RSH), clavicle angle, T-1 tilt, trunk shift, and proximal and distal wedge angles (PWA and DWA), were assessed before and after surgery and compared between groups.

RESULTS

Overall, postoperative RSH decreased with time in the PSI(−) group but not in the PSI(+) group. Statistical analyses revealed that the preoperative Risser grade (p = 0.048), postoperative PWA (p = 0.028), and postoperative PTC/MTC ratio (p = 0.011) correlated with PSI. Presence of the adding-on phenomenon was also correlated with PSI, although this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.089).

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative shoulder imbalance is common after corrective surgery for Lenke Type 2 AIS and correlates with a higher Risser grade, a larger postoperative PWA, and a higher postoperative PTC/MTC ratio. Presence of the distal adding-on phenomenon is associated with an increased PSI trend, although this result was not statistically significant. However, preoperative factors other than the Risser grade that affect the development of PSI were not identified by the study. Additional studies are required to reveal the risk factors for the development of PSI.
Inclusive Development as Crip(dys)topic Promise: Querying Development, Dis/ability and Human Rights
Authors: Garde Jonah I.
Published: September 2016

Western representations of the Southern disabled subject are shaped by discourses of Inclusive Development that simultaneously produce the conditions of the subject's visibility and intelligibility. The article traces these conditions through crip readings of historical and contemporary discourses and visual representations that outline the extent to which disability has always already been a crucial part of modern development rhetoric. The article asks if and how, Inclusive Development leads to a querying of ableist norms and processes of exclusion within practices and discourses of ‘development’. Analysing the hegemonic forms of disability and development knowledge produced within the textual and visual discourses on Inclusive Development the author foregrounds the ways in which ableist and colonial dichotomies are re-installed within the epistemologies of Inclusive Development. The article argues that the promises of justice and inclusion produced within development discourse point to a crip(dys)topic future that is always already out of place, thus effectively excluding inclusion.
Dangerous and Moving? Disability, Russian Popular Culture and North/Western Hegemony
Authors: Wiedlack M. Katharina , Neufeld Masha
Published: September 2016

This article analyses the 2005 video clip and the song Люди Инвалиды (‘Lyudi Invalidy’, literally translated as ‘disabled people’ in English) of the pop duo t.A.T.u. Through an analysis of the song and the video and public and activists’ reactions to it within Russia, the authors seek to contribute to the existing discussions on the notions of инвалидность (‘invalidnost’’, the Russian term for disability) in the context of post-soviet Russia and the problem of relating these notions to English-speaking disability discourses (Iarskaia-Smirnova 2001; Gains 2004; Hartblay 2005; Phillips 2009). The authors investigate t.A.T.u.’s usage of the term инвалидность (‘invalidnost’) and relate it to the term's usage within the broader socio-political context of Russia. Considering the place where the song and the video were produced – Los Angeles – and their target audiences – both Russian and North/Western – we argue that the video and the song must be read as cases of cultural translation between the Russian ‘invalidnost’’ and the North/Western disability, queer, and crip discourses. t.A.T.u. imported North/Western cultural images and meanings of disability and queerness in their video and songs. While these images and meanings can be read as empowering in the North/Western context, these images intersect problematically with discriminatory discourses on invalidnost’ in the Russian context. Considering Russian disability activists’ reactions to the song the authors argue that the cultural translation of these North/Western concepts produce derogatory meanings of invalidnost’ within the Russian context rather than inspiring acceptance or appreciation
Addendum: Rivera, I.; Avila, A.; Wang, J. Fourth-Order Contour Mode ZnO-on-SOI Disk Resonators for Mass Sensing Applications. Actuators 2015, 4, 60–76
Authors: Rivera Ivan , Avila Adrian , Wang Jing
Published: September 2016

The authors wish to update the Acknowledgments section in their paper published in Actuators [1], doi:10.3390/act4020060, http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/4/2/60.[...]
Moving beyond the “Five Freedoms” by Updating the “Five Provisions” and Introducing Aligned “Animal Welfare Aims”
Authors: Mellor David
Published: September 2016

Although the Five Freedoms paradigm has been very influential in shaping animal welfare thinking for the last two decades, it has two key disadvantages. First, the focus on “freedom” from a range of negative experiences and states has been misunderstood in a number of quarters to mean that complete freedom from these experiences and states is possible, when in fact the best that can be achieved is for them to be minimised. Second, the major focus of the Freedoms on negative experiences and states is now seen to be a disadvantage in view of current understanding that animal welfare management should also include the promotion of positive experiences and states. The challenge therefore was to formulate a paradigm that overcame these two main problems and yet was straightforward enough to be accessible to non-specialists, including members of the lay public who are interested in animal welfare. This was achieved by highlighting the Five Provisions, originally aligned with the Five Freedoms, but now updated to direct welfare management towards activities that both minimise negative experiences or states and promote positive experiences or states as specified by particular Animal Welfare Aims assigned to each Provision. Aspects of the four welfare principles from the European Welfare Quality assessment system (WQ ® ) and elements of all domains of the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment have been incorporated into the new Five Provisions/Welfare Aims paradigm. Thus, the paradigm is easily understood and provides clear guidance on beneficial objectives for animal welfare management. It is anticipated that the paradigm will have application to many species found in a wide range of circumstances.
Automatic Measurement of Chew Count and Chewing Rate during Food Intake
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Sazonov Edward
Published: September 2016

Research suggests that there might be a relationship between chew count as well as chewing rate and energy intake. Chewing has been used in wearable sensor systems for the automatic detection of food intake, but little work has been reported on the automatic measurement of chew count or chewing rate. This work presents a method for the automatic quantification of chewing episodes captured by a piezoelectric sensor system. The proposed method was tested on 120 meals from 30 participants using two approaches. In a semi-automatic approach, histogram-based peak detection was used to count the number of chews in manually annotated chewing segments, resulting in a mean absolute error of 10.40 % ± 7.03%. In a fully automatic approach, automatic food intake recognition preceded the application of the chew counting algorithm. The sensor signal was divided into 5-s non-overlapping epochs. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to train a artificial neural network (ANN) to classify epochs as “food intake” or “no intake” with an average F1 score of 91.09%. Chews were counted in epochs classified as food intake with a mean absolute error of 15.01% ± 11.06%. The proposed methods were compared with manual chew counts using an analysis of variance (ANOVA), which showed no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Results suggest that the proposed method can provide objective and automatic quantification of eating behavior in terms of chew counts and chewing rates.
Technical Evaluation of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters Used in a Micro-Grid by Considering the Fault Characteristics of Distributed Generation, Energy Storage and Power Loads
Authors: Chen Lei , Tu Xiude , Chen Hongkun , Yang Jun , Wu Yayi , Shu Xin , Ren Li
Published: September 2016

Concerning the development of a micro-grid integrated with multiple intermittent renewable energy resources, one of the main issues is related to the improvement of its robustness against short-circuit faults. In a sense, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) can be regarded as a feasible approach to enhance the transient performance of a micro-grid under fault conditions. In this paper, the fault transient analysis of a micro-grid, including distributed generation, energy storage and power loads, is conducted, and regarding the application of one or more flux-coupling-type SFCLs in the micro-grid, an integrated technical evaluation method considering current-limiting performance, bus voltage stability and device cost is proposed. In order to assess the performance of the SFCLs and verify the effectiveness of the evaluation method, different fault cases of a 10-kV micro-grid with photovoltaic (PV), wind generator and energy storage are simulated in the MATLAB software. The results show that, the efficient use of the SFCLs for the micro-grid can contribute to reducing the fault current, improving the voltage sags and suppressing the frequency fluctuations. Moreover, there will be a compromise design to fully take advantage of the SFCL parameters, and thus, the transient performance of the micro-grid can be guaranteed.
Data-Enabled Design for Social Change: Two Case Studies
Authors: Marti Patrizia , Megens Carl , Hummels Caroline
Published: September 2016

Smartness in contemporary society implies the use of massive data to improve the experience of people with connected services and products. The use of big data to collect information about people’s behaviours opens a new concept of “user-centred design” where users are remotely monitored, observed and profiled. In this paradigm, users are considered as sources of information and their participation in the design process is limited to a role of data generators. There is a need to identify methodologies that actively involve people and communities at the core of ecosystems of interconnected products and services. Our contribution to designing for social innovation in ecosystems relies on developing new methods and approaches to transform data-driven design using a participatory and co-creative data-enabled design approach. To this end, we present one of the methods we have developed to design “smart” systems called Experiential Design Landscapes (EDL), and two sample projects, Social Stairs and [Y]our Perspective. Social Stairs faces the topic of behaviour change mediated by sensing technologies. [Y]our Perspective is a social platform to sustain processes of deliberative democracy. Both projects exemplify our approach to data-enabled design as a social proactive participatory design approach.
A Two-Step Clustering Approach to Extract Locations from Individual GPS Trajectory Data
Authors: Fu Zhongliang , Tian Zongshun , Xu Yanqing , Qiao Changjian
Published: September 2016

High-accuracy location identification is the basis of location awareness and location services. However, because of the influence of GPS signal loss, data drift and repeated access in the individual trajectory data, the efficiency and accuracy of existing algorithms have some deficiencies. Therefore, we propose a two-step clustering approach to extract individuals’ locations according to their GPS trajectory data. Firstly, we defined three different types of stop points; secondly, we extracted these points from the trajectory data by using the spatio-temporal clustering algorithm based on time and distance. The experimental results show that the spatio-temporal clustering algorithm outperformed traditional extraction algorithms. It can avoid the problems caused by repeated access and can substantially reduce the effects of GPS signal loss and data drift. Finally, an improved clustering algorithm based on a fast search and identification of density peaks was applied to discover the trajectory locations. Compared to the existing algorithms, our method shows better performance and accuracy.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Germin-Like Protein Family in Rice and Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Lu , Xu Xihui , Chen Chen , Shen Zhenguo
Published: September 2016

Previous studies have shown that germin-like proteins (GLPs) are present ubiquitously in rice and Arabidopsis. However, the understanding regarding their role in development and abiotic/biotic stress resistance remains limited. In the present study, we report genome-wide identification, characterisation, subcellular localization, enzyme activity, and expression analysis of the GLP gene family in rice and Arabidopsis to study their functions. In total, 43 and 32 GLPs in the rice and Arabidopsis genome were identified based on a systematic analysis, respectively. The GLP genes were clustered into six clades based on phylogenetic analysis, and many stress and developmental-related cis-elements were detected in promoters of GLP genes. In addition, subcellular location and superoxide dismutase (SOD) analysis demonstrated that the random selected OsGLP genes on chromosomes 8 and 4 of rice were expressed in the cell wall with SOD activity. Overall, our results showed that tandem duplication events, especially the clusters of tandem duplication genes on chromosome 8 in rice, play a major role in expansion of the GLP family and thus increase our understanding of the role of the GLP family in abiotic/biotic stress and development.