bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meillet et les études sur le français
Authors: Bergounioux Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Antoine Meillet (1866-1936) est connu pour ses contributions à la grammaire comparée des langues indo-européennes et ses interventions sur le français pourraient paraître secondaires. Pourtant deux types d’intervention retiennent l’attention dans la bibliographie. D’une part, la réflexion sur le statut politique des langues dans le bouleversement des revendications nationales après la Première Guerre Mondiale. D’autre part, une réflexion générale, à partir de l’exemple du français, sur les conditions sociales des transformations diachroniques – en particulier le rôle des variations internes et des contacts de langue (substrat, bilinguisme) contrecarrés par la fixation de l’écriture et la normalisation – et sur la reconfiguration des systèmes par la grammaticalisation et la simplification des flexions.
La cohésion lexicale des noms sans déterminant après il y a et dans la phrase nominale
Authors: Takagaki Yumi
Published: September 2020

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en lumière de quelle manière la cohésion peut être réalisée par des moyens lexicaux dans les deux constructions suivantes : il y a + nom nu et la phrase nominale dont la tête est un nom nu. Malgré l’absence de déterminant, ces noms gardent leur nature substantive. L’analyse quantitative révèle quelques différences entre les noms inclus dans ces deux constructions, dont notamment la présence d’un marqueur de prédication plus fréquente devant la phrase nominale et la plus grande variété des noms nus les plus fréquemment employés après il y a par rapport à ceux des phrases nominales. De plus, avec l’identification des usages typiques de chaque construction, pour il y a + nom nu [Définition/ Reconnaissance d’une existence/Présentation d’un événement] et pour la phrase nominale à nom nu [Reformulation/Présentation d’un concept/ Jugement], l’examen de l’orientation informationnelle du nom nu permet d’établir une distinction, concernant la cohésion, entre les deux constructions. Dans la phrase nominale, avec un nom nu et en dehors de tout recours à des procédés syntaxiques, prévaut une perspective rétrospective.
Les termes, les objets, les notions et les points de vue de la linguistique : problèmes de corrélation
Authors: Zolotukhin Denis
Published: September 2020

La présente contribution vise à analyser quelques problèmes structurels et épistémologiques de la terminologie linguistique dans le français. Par le biais d’une approche sémantique, nous mettons en évidence les particularités du sens terminologique, sa corrélation avec la notion scientifique et sa dépendance de l’objet de recherche linguistique, c’est-à-dire du fait langagier de départ. L’analyse des cas précis des termes phrase, sémantème, langue parmi d’autres met en relief l’importance du « jeu » des points de vue dans le domaine linguistique contribuant à la modification de l’extension et de l’intension des sens. En guise de la résolution des problèmes, nous recourrons aux approches de la terminologie générale ainsi qu’à l’application des théories épistémologiques permettant d’introduire une distinction entre des concepts de terminologie et de système terminologique, de termes et de prétermes, de termes aspectuels et de termes synthétisants, de relations intersystémiques et de relations intrasystémiques.
Approche méthodologique pour l’étude des constructions elliptiques dans les rédactions étudiantes
Authors: Noreskal Laura , Eshkol-Taravella Iris , Desmets Marianne
Published: September 2020

Située dans le cadre du projet écri+ qui porte sur la maîtrise du français écrit à l’université, cette recherche présente une étude des constructions elliptiques, lesquelles comptent parmi les difficultés les plus révélatrices du niveau de compétence rédactionnelle. Un corpus composé de constructions erronées a été constitué à partir de copies d’étudiants. Différents choix méthodologiques ont été effectués pour repérer le type d’ellipse le plus souvent erroné et les types d’erreurs récurrents. Nous présentons une analyse quantitative des erreurs en fonction des types et des natures des rédactions ainsi que leur typologie.
Influence d’une construction alternative sur l’interprétation d’un pronom chez les enfants francophones au développement typique et atypique du langage
Authors: Colonna Saveria , Vincent Coralie , Pinvidic Lisa , Schimke Sarah
Published: September 2020

Dans une expérience d’enregistrement des mouvements oculaires pendant l’exploration de référents présentés visuellement, nous avons observé les stratégies d'interprétation d’un pronom anaphorique chez des enfants francophones de 4 ans au développement langagier typique et des enfants avec retard de langage. Nous avons comparé leur interprétation d’une construction avec un pronom ambigu telle que “Le lapin chatouille le renard avant qu’il imagine…” avec leur interprétation de la construction alternative non ambiguë “Le lapin chatouille le renard avant d’imaginer…”. Les résultats montrent qu’alors que les enfants au développement typique interprètent différemment les 2 constructions, ce n’est pas le cas des enfants avec retard de langage. En revanche, même s’ils commencent à distinguer les 2 constructions, les enfants sans retard ne les interprètent pas encore tout à fait comme les adultes. Pour rendre compte de ces résultats, nous proposons que, contrairement aux adultes, les enfants de 4 ans n’ont pas encore été suffisamment exposés à la construction infinitive non ambiguë pour qu’elle influence leur interprétation de la construction avec un pronom ambigu.
Ecrire des narrations permet aux élèves dysphasiques de mobiliser leurs connaissances syntaxiques
Authors: Broc Lucie , Palasis Katerina , Olive Thierry
Published: September 2020

Les élèves dysphasiques présentent un trouble spécifique, sévère et durable du développement du langage oral dans lequel les capacités cognitives sont préservées. Cette étude vise à montrer que l’apprentissage explicite, long et formel de l’écrit dans le cadre scolaire permet aux élèves dysphasiques d’obtenir de meilleures performances à l’écrit qu’à l’oral. Les performances syntaxiques de 24 élèves dysphasiques de langue maternelle française et scolarisés en milieu ordinaire ont été comparées à celles de 48 élèves contrôles typiques des mêmes âges chronologiques. Les résultats obtenus montrent que dans une tâche de narration d’un évènement personnel les élèves dysphasiques produisent moins d’erreurs de syntaxe à l’écrit qu’à l’oral. De plus, la différence entre les deux groupes de participants est plus importante à l’oral qu’à l’écrit.
L'épreuve de répétition de non-mots LITMUS-NWR-FR évalue-t-elle la phonologie ?
Authors: dos Santos Christophe , Frau Sabine , Labrevoit Sandrine , Zebib Racha
Published: September 2020

L’épreuve de répétition de non-mots LITMUS-NWR-FR (Ferré & Santos, 2015) a été élaborée afin d’évaluer essentiellement le domaine phonologique chez l’enfant monolingue ou bilingue. L’objet de notre étude est de s’assurer que LITMUS-NWR-FR remplit cet objectif en s’intéressant à la contribution respective des variables suivantes dans les performances à ce test : la mémoire à court terme verbale (MCTv) et la similarité phonologique, la flexibilité cognitive, le niveau socio-économique (NSE) et le bilinguisme. 193 enfants tout-venant âgés de 3;10 à 5;0 ans ont été évalués à l’aide d’épreuves cognitivo-langagières et de questionnaires parentaux. Les résultats ne révèlent aucun effet du bilinguisme sur les performances à LITMUS-NWR-FR, et le NSE ne présente pas de lien substantiel avec ces performances. La MCTv explique une part non négligeable de la variance des scores à LITMUS-NWR-FR (35%). Toutefois, la part expliquée par l’ensemble des variables étudiées demeure modérée. Ce résultat conforte notre hypothèse selon laquelle ce test mesure principalement la phonologie.
De la parole à la carte : repérage, analyse et visualisation automatique de la perception d’une ville
Authors: Flamein Hélène , Eshkol-Taravella Iris
Published: September 2020

A l’heure où de plus en plus de corpus et de données sont accessibles, le travail initié s’interroge sur l’exploitation de données linguistiques dans un corpus d’oral à dimension sociolinguistique avec l’objectif d’en extraire automatiquement du contenu subjectif. A partir de l’exploitation du corpus ESLO (Enquête Sociolinguistique à Orléans), l’objectif est de modéliser, détecter et visualiser la perception qu’ont les locuteurs de la ville d’Orléans grâce à une approche pluridisciplinaire. Cet article présente la chaîne de traitement développée pour atteindre cet objectif. A partir d’une première étape de détection des noms de lieux dans le corpus, une analyse de la polarité est réalisée. Les informations extraites sont projetées sous la forme d’une carte afin de matérialiser la perception des habitants de leur environnement.
Les chaînes topicales dans la ressource ANNODIS
Authors: Federzoni Silvia , Ho-Dac Lydia-Mai , Rebeyrolle Josette
Published: September 2020

Le modèle d’annotation en structures multi-échelles de la ressource ANNODIS est centré sur deux stratégies discursives et deux structures susceptibles d’apparaître à de très hauts niveaux d'organisation : l'empaquetage, réalisé par les structures énumératives ; le chaînage, réalisé par les chaînes dites topicales. Alors que les structures énumératives ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études, l’analyse des « chaînes topicales » restait à faire. C’est à cette analyse qu’est consacrée la présente étude. Cette étude se donne pour objectif de comparer les chaînes topicales, telles qu’elles ont été annotées dans la ressource, avec les chaînes de référence, telles qu’elles sont décrites dans la littérature. Les résultats de la comparaison montrent la pertinence et l’intérêt de la méthode d’annotation utilisée pour la détection de segments textuels organisés autour d’un même référent.
Analyse contrastive de la conjonction que en français et en mandarin standard : point de vue morphosyntaxique et de trois modalités sémantiques (modalité contenu, modalité épistémique, modalité des actes de parole)
Authors: WANG Zhichao , YANG Liu
Published: September 2020

En adoptant le point de vue morphosyntaxique et celui de « content, epistemic modality, speech-act modality » (E. Sweester ,1990), cet article se focalise sur le terme « que » dans les propositions complétives en français et en mandarin standard. Au travers d’analyses précises, d’une part, nous comparons que et ses équivalents chinois sur le plan morphosyntaxique ; d’autre part, nous analysons les différentes interprétations sémantiques de que et ses équivalents en chinois, notamment dans le cas de que+subjonctif. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de rendre une étude complète du foisonnement des équivalents de que dans les complétives en mandarin standard.
Le paysage linguistique du cimetière alsacien : un reflet diachronique et synchronique de la situation sociolinguistique
Authors: Vajta Katharina
Published: September 2020

Cette étude examine comment les choix linguistiques dans les cimetières alsaciens reflètent la situation sociolinguistique de la région et le changement de langue du germanique (allemand et alsacien) au français. Dans ce paysage linguistique (Landry & Bourhis 1997), les inscriptions des épitaphes ont un rôle fonctionnel puisqu’elles comportent des informations personnelles sur les défunts (nom, dates, etc.), et aussi un rôle symbolique, de par le choix de langue qui pouvait être transgressif. En effet, en Alsace, région ayant basculé plusieurs fois entre France et Alle-magne, le choix du français ou de l’allemand était censé suivre la langue du pouvoir. Mais ceci n’est pas toujours le cas. Ainsi, le choix du français pendant une période allemande pourra indiquer une prise de position identitaire en faveur de la France. Le choix de l’allemand, par contre, peut être considéré comme étant plutôt la conséquence de la tradition germanique de la région. De plus, noms et prénoms sont eux aussi marqués par les appartenances nationales. Aujourd’hui, le déclin des variétés germaniques est reflété par le choix général du français, l’allemand devenant exception.
À propos du subjonctif en français : une révision expérimentale de l'effet de l'affaiblissement de l'obviation
Authors: Buchczyk Sebastian , Feldhausen Ingo
Published: September 2020

Les données de l’effet d’affaiblissement de l’obviation (ou encore référence disjointe du subjonctif) dans la littérature linguistique sont soit fondées sur l’intuition des auteurs soit issues de publications d’autres chercheurs, bien que cet effet soit connu depuis longtemps et bien qu’il fasse partie de plusieurs modélisations théoriques. En conséquence, aucune réponse de nature empirique/expérimentale a été offerte à la question « A quel point les affirmations portant sur l'effet d'affaiblissement de l'obviation sont-elles solides ? ». Cet article se fixe en conséquence un double objectif : (i) mettre en oeuvre un jugement de grammaticalité afin de répondre expérimentalement à la question précédente, et (ii) proposer une analyse syntaxique provisoire des résultats obtenus. Ici, nous étudions six facteurs qui – selon Ruwet (1984/1991) – déclenchent l’affaiblissement. Les résultats montrent que seul un facteur (la coordination) déclenche l’affaiblissement. En conséquence, l’appareil théorique permettant de modéliser l’affaiblissement peut être réduit radicalement, et nous proposons des pistes de modélisation syntaxique n’intégrant que le facteur de coordination.
Pilotprojekt zur betrieblichen zahnmedizinischen
Prävention
Authors: Zimmer Stefan , Su Filiz , Su Enis
Published: September 2020

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Umsetzbarkeit und Wirksamkeit eines
niedrigschwelligen Präventionsangebotes in einem Pilotprojekt zur
betrieblichen Prävention.

Methodik Berufstätige eines Unternehmens mit Tätigkeit in
Büro oder Produktion (n=144; 90w, 54m) mit einem
durchschnittlichen Alter von 39,25 (StA 11,5) Jahren wurden mithilfe eines
Fragebogens zu Gewohnheiten und Wissen in der zahnmedizinischen
Prävention befragt und klinisch untersucht. Die Mundhygiene-Indizes
Papillen-Blutungs-Index (PBI) und der modifizierte Approximal-Plaque-Index
(mAPI) sowie Sondierungstiefenmessungen (STM) wurden erhoben.
Anschließend erfolgte eine Schulung in zahnmedizinischer
Prävention mit einem eigens produzierten Video sowie die Bereitstellung
von zuckerfreiem Kaugummi und Mundspüllösungen zur jeweils 2-mal
täglichen Anwendung für den Zeitraum eines Jahres. Nach einem
Jahr wurden erneut der Fragebogen ausgegeben und die klinischen Parameter
erhoben. Die Studie wurde von der Ethik-Kommission der UW/H genehmigt.
Die statistische Analyse erfolgte mit SPSS 26.

Ergebnisse 85 Patienten mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 39,23 (StA
11,3) Jahren konnten nach einem Jahr nachuntersucht werden (59w, 26 m). Die
Analyse des Fragebogens ergab eine signifikante Verbesserung des
Mundgesundheitsverhaltens. Der entsprechende Summenscore verbesserte sich von
10,68 (1,93) auf 9,97 (1,60) (p<0,05). Der PBI verbesserte sich von 0,43
(0,40) auf 0,31 (0,36) (p<0,05), der mAPI von 1,54 (0,51) auf 1,35
(0,39) (p<0,01). Die STM waren von 1,83 (0,39) auf 1,56 (0,36)
(p<0,001) reduziert.

Schlussfolgerung Das Programm erscheint zur Implementierung in die
betriebliche Prävention geeignet und zeigte signifikante Verbesserungen
im Mundgesundheitsverhalten sowie in klinischen Parametern.
Rehabilitation bei Adipositas
Authors: Herrmann Klaus
Published: September 2020

Menschen mit Adipositas leiden gehäuft unter psychischen Komorbiditäten. Diese können unbehandelt den langfristigen Rehabilitationserfolg gefährden. Sie bedürfen einer gezielten Diagnostik und Therapieplanung.
Unterlassene Biopsie und verspätete Diagnose eines malignen Melanoms
Authors: Elsner P.
Published: September 2020

Eine 41-jährige Patientin konsultierte eine Hautärztin wiederholt wegen einer nach einer Schwangerschaft aufgetretenen Melanom-verdächtigen Pigmentläsion im Bereich der Schulter; die Hautärztin vermerkte die Differenzialdiagnose eines malignen Melanoms, führte aber erst nach 2 Jahren eine Biopsie durch, die ein Melanom ergab (3,3 × 2,3 cm großes superfiziell spreitendes malignes Melanom mit Regression und Ulzeration sowie Satellitenmetastasen).

Sowohl die von der Patientin angerufene Gutachterkommission bei der zuständigen Ärztekammer als auch das Landgericht, an dem die Patientin eine Arzthaftungsklage gegen die Hautärztin erhob, als auch schließlich das Oberlandesgericht als Berufungsinstanz bestätigten einen vorwerfbaren Behandlungsfehler der Hautärztin, da die Unterlassung einer Biopsie nicht dem Facharztstandard entsprochen habe. Aufgrund des Befunderhebungsfehlers trat eine Beweislastumkehr für die bei der Patientin aufgetretenen Gesundheitsschäden ein.

Auch unter Einsatz zusätzlicher diagnostischer Verfahren wie der Dermatoskopie verbleibt eine diagnostische Ungewissheit bei einem Teil von Pigmentläsionen und das Vorliegen eines malignen Melanoms kann in diesen Fällen nicht mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden. Diese Ungewissheit sollte mit dem Patienten besprochen und darauf hingewiesen werden, dass eine definitive diagnostische Klärung unklarer Pigmentveränderungen eine Exzision oder Biopsie der Läsion erforderlich macht mit der potenziellen Konsequenz, einen negativen dermatopathologischen Befund zu erhalten und damit retrospektiv eine „Übertherapie“ durchgeführt zu haben. Im Sinne der Einhaltung des Facharztstandards ist diese „Übertherapie“ anzuraten, da die mit einer im Nachhinein als unnötig beurteilten Exzision einhergehenden Folgen wie eine Narbenbildung geringer wiegen als die Diagnoseverspätung beim malignen Melanom. Die Entscheidung des Patienten für oder gegen eine Exzision oder Biopsie sollte zur Vermeidung haftungsrechtlicher Konsequenzen schriftlich dokumentiert werden.
Thyroglobulin Antibodies as a Prognostic Factor in Papillary Thyroid
Carcinoma Patients with Indeterminate Response After Initial
Therapy
Authors: Landenberger Giullia Menuci Chianca , de Souza Salerno Marianna Lins , Golbert Lenara , de Souza Meyer Erika Laurini
Published: September 2020

The clinical outcome of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with an
indeterminate response after initial therapy is reported to be intermediate,
between incomplete and excellent responses. This study evaluated the outcomes of
PTC patients with indeterminate response after initial therapy. It was further
determined whether the indeterminate findings predicted outcomes more precisely.
Patients were further classified into 3 groups based on risk of structural
persistence/recurrence: Tg group: detectable thyroglobulin,
negative antithyroglobulin antibody, regardless nonspecific imaging findings;
TgAb group: positive antithyroglobulin antibody, regardless
thyroglobulin levels and nonspecific imaging findings, and Image group:
nonspecific findings on neck ultrasonography or faint uptake in the thyroid bed
on whole-body scan, undetectable thyroglobulin and negative antithyroglobulin
antibody. Sixty-six patients aged 44.1±12.7 years were studied, of whom
58 (87.9%) were females. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and
52 patients (78.8%) received radioiodine. After 5.7 years
(P25–75 2.6–9.75 years) of follow-up, most patients
(89.4%) were reclassified as having an excellent response or remained in
the indeterminate response to therapy. Structural recurrence/persistence
disease was detected in 7 (10.6%) patients. The
persistence/recurrence rate in groups were as follow: Tg,
2.63%; TgAb, 31.25%; Image, 8.3%
(p=0.007). The 10-years disease-free survival rate in the TgAb group was
significantly reduced (p=0.022). Our results suggest that patients with
PTC and indeterminate response due to positive serum antithyroglobulin antibody
have more risk of development of structural disease. These findings suggest a
more individualized follow-up strategy for patients with an indeterminate
response.
Comparison of Subxiphoid and Intercostal Uniportal Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Nonmyasthenic Early-Stage Thymoma: A Retrospective Single-Center Propensity-Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhengcheng , Yang Rusong
Published: September 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to compare early outcome between intercostal uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IU-VATS) versus subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SU-VATS) in thymectomy for non-myasthenic early-stage thymoma.

Method Retrospective analysis of 76 cases completed in our hospital from May 2018 to September 2019 with subxiphoid uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy; a single incision of ∼3 cm was made ∼1 cm under the xiphoid process. The control group included 213 patients who received intercostal uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy from August 2015, and propensity score matching was conducted. All patients who were clinically diagnosed with thymic tumor before surgery were treated with thymectomy. Perioperative outcomes between SU-VATS (n = 76) and IU-VATS, n = 76 were compared.

Result After propensity score matching, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, disease stage, maximal tumor size, or other baseline demographic and clinical variables. All operation was successfully completed; there were no significant differences in the operative time (88 vs. 81 minutes, p = 0.63), intraoperative blood loss (55 vs. 46 mL, p = 0.47), postoperative drainage time (2.2 vs. 2.5 days, p = 0.72), and postoperative hospital stay (3.2 vs. 3.4 days, p = 0.78) between the two groups. The visual analog scale (VAS) on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 30 was less in the SU-VATS group than that in the IU-VATS group. The VAS on days 60 and 180 did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusion Thymectomy using SU-VATS is a feasible procedure; it might reduce early postoperative pain and lead to faster recovery.
Pelvic Floor Nonrelaxation: Approach to Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Kaplan Jennifer A. , Simianu Vlad V.
Published: September 2020

Dyssynergic defecation can be a complex, burdensome condition. A multidisciplinary approach to these patients is often indicated based on concomitant pathology or symptomatology across the pelvic organs. Escalating treatment options should be based on shared decision making and include medical and lifestyle optimization, pelvic floor physical therapy with biofeedback, Botox injection, sacral neuromodulation, rectal irrigation, and surgical diversion.
Ventral Rectopexy
Authors: Loh Kenneth C. , Umanskiy Konstantin
Published: September 2020

Rectal prolapse is a debilitating condition that often results in impaired quality of life. Posterior compartment defects including rectal prolapse and rectal intussusception are often associated with middle and anterior compartment prolapse and require a multicompartment approach to treatment. In recent years, ventral rectopexy, with or without sacrocolpopexy for combined middle compartment prolapse, has emerged as a safe and effective method of treatment for rectal prolapse. In this article, we aim to review the etiology of rectal prolapse and intussusception, describe the indications and workup for surgery, discuss technical aspects of ventral rectopexy alone and in combination with sacrocolpopexy, review potential surgical complications, and describe the reported outcomes of the surgery.
Rhinophyma: Combined Surgical Treatment and Quality of Life
Authors: Daoud Mahmoud , Ullas Gautham , Kumar Rakesh , Raghavan Ullas
Published: September 2020

Rhinophyma is a progressive and disfiguring thickening of the nasal skin. It is typically found in middle-aged or elderly Caucasian males. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. There is excessive formation of scar-like tissue and hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. This article will demonstrate our experience of treating rhinophyma using a combined surgical approach and propose a novel classification system. This is a retrospective analysis of cases operated by a single surgeon over 9 years using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) tool. Thirty-three patients were identified. Twenty-nine patients had three techniques used in one sitting, two patients had two techniques used, and two further patients had one technique used. Total GBI showed a +50.99 result following surgery. Rhinophyma treatments can benefit patients as demonstrated by the GBI outcome. This can improve the patients' quality of life. The use of more than one technique in the same sitting potentially improves the outcome. Our classification system helps categorize the disease better as well as choosing the treatment and comparing disease and treatment. The Level of Evidence for the study is 4.
Evidence for the Efficacy of Ultra-High Diluted Homoeopathic Medicines in the Management of Influenza-Like Illness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mukherjee Anupam , Sinha Neeti , Dey Joy Kumar , Jadhav Arun Bhargav
Published: September 2020

Introduction In view of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the rise in cases of influenza-like illness (ILI), there is urgent need of developing and scientifically establishing treatment strategies. Homoeopathy has been used effectively in various pandemics for a long-time showing potential of combating such outbreaks effectively. This study aims at evaluating the methodological quality of the clinical trials conducted with a motive of assessing the efficacy of homoeopathy in management of ILI.

Methods The randomised clinical research manuscripts from various databases were included for the narrative review. In this study, the Jadad scale was applied as an assessment tool with the criteria of randomisation, blinding and withdrawals to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected randomised controlled trials.

Results The seven randomised controlled trials fulfilling the inclusion criteria evaluated on Jadad scale lay between the ranges of 2 to 5 with a mean score of 3.71 implicating the efficacy of homoeopathy in ILI. Six studies showed significant role of homoeopathy in the faster recovery of ILI symptoms. One trial, however, reported no noticeable difference in intergroup (treatment and placebo group) improvement but distinct intragroup comparison was observed.

Conclusion It was concluded from this narrative review that homoeopathy has significant role in faster recovery of ILI symptoms in comparison to placebo group, and it can be employed as a potential treatment strategy in the recurrent pandemics of ILI and the currently prevailing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. It is suggested that more clinical trials with standard methodology should be conducted in this regard.
Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: In-hospital Mortality-Associated Factors
Authors: Celi Fernando , Saal-Zapata Giancarlo
Published: September 2020

Objective Determine predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent decompressive craniectomy.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study reviewed consecutive patients who underwent a decompressive craniectomy between March 2017 and March 2020 at our institution, and analyzed clinical characteristics, brain tomographic images, surgical details and morbimortality associated with this procedure.

Results Thirty-three (30 unilateral and 3 bifrontal) decompressive craniectomies were performed, of which 27 patients were male (81.8%). The mean age was 52.18 years, the mean Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission was 9, and 24 patients had anisocoria (72.7%). Falls were the principal cause of the trauma (51.5%), the mean anterior–posterior diameter (APD) of the bone flap in unilateral cases was 106.81 mm (standard deviation [SD] 20.42) and 16 patients (53.3%) underwent a right-sided hemicraniectomy. The temporal bone enlargement was done in 20 cases (66.7%), the mean time of surgery was 2 hours and 27 minutes, the skull flap was preserved in the subcutaneous layer in 29 cases (87.8%), the mean of blood loss was 636.36 mL,and in-hospital mortality was 12%. Univariate analysis found differences between the APD diameter (120.3 mm vs. 85.3 mm; p = 0.003) and the presence of midline shift > 5 mm (p = 0.033).

Conclusion The size of the skull flap and the presence of midline shift > 5 mm were predictors of mortality. In the absence of intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, clinical and radiological criteria are mandatory to perform a decompressive craniectomy.
Plasma etching for the compatibility of thin film metallic coatings and direct bonding of silicon pore optics
Authors: Girou D. , Massahi S. , Ferreira D. D. M. , Christensen F. E. , Landgraf B. , Shortt B. , Collon M. , Beijersbergen M.
Published: September 2020

Silicon pore optics are a new type of high-performance x-ray optics designed to enable future space-borne x-ray observatories such as European Space Agency’s Athena. These optics will make it possible to build telescopes with effective areas of the order of a few square meters and angular resolutions better than 5 s of arc. During manufacturing of the optics, thin film metallic coatings are sputtered onto mirror plates to help achieve this large effective area. Then, these plates are stacked on top of each other using direct silicon bonding to achieve the shape of an approximate Wolter type-I telescope design. It is, therefore, necessary to verify the compatibility of the coating and bonding processes. We observe the unintentional removal of coatings on silicon pore optics plates after their wet chemical activation, a step required to make direct bonding possible. In this paper, we investigate plasma etching prior to thin film deposition as a solution to this problem. First, we ensure that plasma etching does not impact the low surface roughness required to achieve high imaging performance. Then, we demonstrate that plasma etching before thin film deposition prevents unintentional removal of the metallic coatings during the activation step, making coating deposition compatible with direct bonding of silicon pore optics plates.
Numerical investigations of trajectory characteristics of a high-speed water-entry projectile
Authors: Li Qiang , Lu Lin , Cai Tao
Published: September 2020

A detailed analysis of the characteristics and stability of the trajectory of a high-speed projectile during water entry is investigated numerically. The Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation model and the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method are employed. The numerical method is validated by comparison of its results with the experimental images of cavity shape and with measurements of the penetration distance. Using this numerical method, the influences of rotational speed, initial velocity, and water-entry angle of the projectile on the stability and characteristics of its trajectory are investigated. The variations in projectile trajectory, total drag, and velocity reduction are analyzed. In addition, the cavity characteristics at water entry are presented and analyzed. The results show that the rotation of the projectile has an adverse influence on the stability at water entry, although the magnitude of the rotational speed has little effect on the reduction in projectile velocity. The initial velocity of the projectile has a direct effect on the trajectory stability. It is also found that in practice, there should be a critical water-entry angle for the stability of a projectile.
Investigation of optical properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide films via flow-limited field-injection electrostatic spraying
Authors: Vesto Riley E. , Wilson Rebekah , Choi Hyungsoo , Kim Kyekyoon
Published: September 2020

Zinc oxide films doped with 0 at. %–5 at. % aluminum are fabricated by flow-limited field-injection electrostatic spraying using a sol–gel processed precursor. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analyses indicate that the films are highly (002)-oriented with large crystallites and that the lattice constants of the doped-ZnO tend to decrease with Al doping below the values of undoped-ZnO. Optical properties were measured by ellipsometry and analyzed using the Drude model of permittivity. The electron scattering rate is calculated to be minimal at 3 at. % Al, which may indicate a reduction in the ionized impurities due to the lattice strain and the absence of Al clusters, which is enabled by the sol–gel precursor. Insights are offered regarding the effects of Al doping on film density, electron concentration, and background permittivity, which may prove important in tuning the film properties for plasmonic applications.
Probing insulators under pressure
Authors: Mokdad J. , Knebel G. , Marin C. , Brison J.-P. , Matei I. , Braithwaite D.
Published: September 2020

Applying pressure on a material can reveal many physical properties and is a very efficient tool to understand its physics. Resistivity measurements have been the ideal probe to study metals under pressure. However, in the case of insulators, resistivity, or conductivity, it is often not the appropriate quantity characterizing the material. In this work, we present a newly developed in situ pressure tuning system that can be used over a wide temperature range (2 K–300 K) and allows changing the pressure at any temperature. We also present AC calorimetry and capacitance/loss measurements under pressure and demonstrate how this combination can be used to characterize a material that is too insulating for standard resistivity techniques.
Deep-level defects in high-voltage AlGaAs p–i–n diodes and the effect of these defects on the temperature dependence of the minority carrier lifetime
Authors: Sobolev M. M. , Soldatenkov F. Y. , Danil'chenko V. G.
Published: September 2020

The variation of the effective lifetime of minority carrier lifetime τeff with temperature has been studied in the temperature range 300–580 K in AlxGa1−xAs base regions of p+–p0–i–n0–n+ high-voltage GaAs–AlGaAs diodes grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. It was found by using deep level transient spectroscopy that the emission/capture of electrons and holes in AlxGa1−xAs p0–i–n0 epitaxial layers is governed by the DX− states of the DX center formed by Se/Te background impurities. The Arrhenius plots associated with the τeff were used to determine the activation energy of the hole capture to the DX− level to be Ec = 159 meV. It is shown that the thermal capture of holes to the DX− level determines the relaxation time of nonequilibrium carriers in the AlxGa1−xAs base layers as well as its temperature dependence.
Azimuthal instability of the radial thermocapillary flow around a hot bead trapped at the water–air interface
Authors: Koleski G. , Vilquin A. , Loudet J.-C. , Bickel T. , Pouligny B.
Published: September 2020

We investigate the radial thermocapillary flow driven by a laser-heated microbead in partial wetting at the water–air interface. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the convective flow patterns surrounding the hot sphere as the latter is increasingly heated. The flow morphology is nearly axisymmetric at low laser power (P). Increasing P leads to symmetry breaking with the onset of counter-rotating vortex pairs. The boundary condition at the interface, close to no-slip in the low-P regime, turns about stress-free between the vortex pairs in the high-P regime. These observations strongly support the view that surface-active impurities are inevitably adsorbed on the water surface where they form an elastic layer. The onset of vortex pairs is the signature of a hydrodynamic instability in the layer response to the centrifugal forced flow. Interestingly, our study paves the way for the design of active colloids capable of achieving high-speed self-propulsion via vortex pair generation at a liquid interface.
Impact of alternating current electric field poling on piezoelectric and dielectric properties of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Qiu Chaorui , Qiao Liao , Song Kexin , Guo Haisheng , Xu Zhuo , Li Fei
Published: September 2020

Compared with the state-of-the-art Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ferroelectric single crystals possess much higher piezoelectricity, thus receiving considerable attention from the ferroelectric community. Recently, it was found that the alternating current electric field poling (AC-poling) could further improve the piezoelectricity of [001]-poled rhombohedral (R) relaxor-PT single crystals. In this work, we investigated the domain structures and electromechanical properties of alternating current electric field poled (AC-poled) relaxor ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT) crystals with different orientations and phase structures, including [001]-oriented R PIN–PMN–PT (23/47/30), [011]-oriented R PIN–PMN–PT (23/47/30), and [001]-oriented monoclinic (MC) PIN–PMN–PT (22/44/34) single crystals. We found that the piezoelectric coefficient (d33), free dielectric permittivity (ɛ33T/ɛ0), and clamped dielectric permittivity (ɛ33S/ɛ0) for AC-poled [001]-oriented R PIN–PMN–PT (23/47/30) crystals were improved by 24.4%, 22.6%, and 8.5%, respectively, when compared with the direct current electric field poled (DC-poled) counterparts. This phenomenon is attributed to the increase of domain size according to the observations from polarized light microscopy. Nevertheless, for [011]-poled R PIN–PMN–PT and [001]-poled MC PIN–PMN–PT crystals, the dielectric permittivities and piezoelectric coefficients were decreased a bit by AC-poling, being attributed to the depolarization phenomenon caused by the AC electric field. This work demonstrates that impacts of AC-poling on the properties of ferroelectrics are highly related to the orientation and phase of ferroelectric crystals.
Active control for drag reduction of turbulent channel flow based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Han Bing-Zheng , Huang Wei-Xi
Published: September 2020

An active controller based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is designed for drag reduction of turbulent channel flow. CNNs are constructed to predict the normal velocities on the detection plane as wall blowing and suction using measurable quantities at the wall, i.e., spanwise or streamwise wall shear stress. The training data of CNNs are generated from the direct numerical simulation of channel flow. With different wall quantities, we design and train different CNNs for flow prediction. The purpose is to identify which wall quantity is associated with substantial drag reduction. A linear neural network based on the spanwise wall shear stress shows sufficient capability to predict the inflow field and obtain almost the same drag reduction rate as the opposite control, which does not perform well when using the streamwise wall shear stress as the input. Hence, a nonlinear CNN model with activation function and multiple convolutional layers is established to use the streamwise wall shear stress for flow prediction and drag reduction control. Applying the trained CNNs to a low Reynolds number turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 100, we obtain up to 19% and 10% drag reduction rates based on the spanwise and streamwise wall-shear stresses, respectively. These networks are also tested at different Reynolds numbers, i.e., Reτ = 180 and Reτ = 390, where substantial drag reduction rates are obtained as well. Effects of the controller on turbulent instantaneous flow field and statistics are presented.
Antifreeze proteins and homogeneous nucleation: On the physical determinants impeding ice crystal growth
Authors: Bianco Valentino , Espinosa Jorge R. , Vega Carlos
Published: September 2020

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biopolymers capable of interfering with ice growth. Their antifreeze action is commonly understood considering that the AFPs, by pinning the ice surface, force the crystal–liquid interface to bend forming an ice meniscus, causing an increase in the surface free energy and resulting in a decrease in the freezing point ΔTmax. Here, we present an extensive computational study for a model protein adsorbed on a TIP4P/Ice crystal, computing ΔTmax as a function of the average distance d between AFPs, with simulations spanning over 1 µs. First, we show that the lower the d, the larger the ΔTmax. Then, we find that the water–ice–protein contact angle along the line ΔTmax(d) is always larger than 0°, and we provide a theoretical interpretation. We compute the curvature radius of the stable solid–liquid interface at a given supercooling ΔT ≤ ΔTmax, connecting it with the critical ice nucleus at ΔT. Finally, we discuss the antifreeze capability of AFPs in terms of the protein–water and protein–ice interactions. Our findings establish a unified description of the AFPs in the contest of homogeneous ice nucleation, elucidating key aspects of the antifreeze mechanisms and paving the way for the design of novel ice-controlling materials.
Asymmetrical cross-language phonetic interaction
Authors: Schwartz Geoffrey
Published: September 2020

Two acoustic studies were carried out with L1 Polish learners of English. One study examined L1 phonetic drift, comparing learners of L2 English who were undergoing intensive L2 phonetic training with quasi-monolingual Polish speakers. The other study looked at L2 acquisition, comparing learners at two different levels of proficiency. Unlike most previous studies of Polish-English bilinguals, VOT data of both voiced and voiceless consonants were analyzed. In both experiments, an asymmetry was observed by which voiced stops were more susceptible to cross-language phonetic influence (CLI) than voiceless stops. These results build on evidence of a similar asymmetry observed in a number of other L1–L2 pairings. Predictions of competing phonological models are evaluated with regard to equivalence classification and phonetic CLI. It is shown that both traditional approaches to the phonological representation of voice contrasts fail to predict the observed asymmetry. An alternative theory, which predicts the asymmetry, is discussed.
The future of Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostics – an ISEV meeting report
Authors: Soekmadji Carolina , Li Bo , Huang Yiyao , Wang Haifang , An Taixue , Liu Chunchen , Pan Weilun , Chen Jing , Cheung Lesley , Falcon‐Perez Juan Manuel , Gho Yong Song , Holthofer Harry B. , Le Minh T. N. , Marcilla Antonio , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Shekari Faezeh , Shen Tang Long , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Yan Xiaomei , Yang Fuquan , Yin Hang , Xiao Yu , Zhao Zezhou , Zou Xue , Wang Qian , Zheng Lei
Published: September 2020

The utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in clinical theranostics has rapidly advanced in the past decade. In November 2018, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) held a workshop on “EVs in Clinical Theranostic”. Here, we report the conclusions of roundtable discussions on the current advancement in the analysis technologies and we provide some guidelines to researchers in the field to consider the use of EVs in clinical application. The main challenges and the requirements for EV separation and characterization strategies, quality control and clinical investigation were discussed to promote the application of EVs in future clinical studies.
Genetically encoded live-cell sensor for tyrosinated microtubules
Authors: Kesarwani Shubham , Lama Prakash , Chandra Anchal , Reddy P. Purushotam , Jijumon A.S. , Bodakuntla Satish , Rao Balaji M. , Janke Carsten , Das Ranabir , Sirajuddin Minhajuddin
Published: September 2020

Microtubule cytoskeleton exists in various biochemical forms in different cells due to tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Tubulin PTMs are known to affect microtubule stability, dynamics, and interaction with MAPs and motors in a specific manner, widely known as tubulin code hypothesis. At present, there exists no tool that can specifically mark tubulin PTMs in living cells, thus severely limiting our understanding of their dynamics and cellular functions. Using a yeast display library, we identified a binder against terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin, a unique PTM site. Extensive characterization validates the robustness and nonperturbing nature of our binder as tyrosination sensor, a live-cell tubulin nanobody specific towards tyrosinated microtubules. Using this sensor, we followed nocodazole-, colchicine-, and vincristine-induced depolymerization events of tyrosinated microtubules in real time and found each distinctly perturbs the microtubule polymer. Together, our work describes a novel tyrosination sensor and its potential applications to study the dynamics of microtubule and their PTM processes in living cells.
The Function of Boundary Conditions in the Physical Sciences
Authors: Bursten Julia R. S.
Published: September 2020

Early philosophical accounts of explanation mistook the function of boundary conditions for that of contingent facts. I diagnose where this misunderstanding arose and establish that it persists. I disambiguate between two uses of the term “boundary conditions”? and argue that boundary conditions are explanatory via their roles as components of models. Using case studies from fluid mechanics and the physics of waves, I articulate four explanatory functions for boundary conditions in physics: specifying the scope of a model, enabling stable descriptions of phenomena in a model, generating descriptions of novel phenomena, and connecting models from differing theoretical backgrounds.
Testing generalized Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama gravity using weak deflection angle and shadow cast
Authors: Övgün Ali , Sakallı İzzet
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we use a new asymptotically flat and spherically symmetric solution in the generalized Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama (ECKS) theory of gravity to study the weak gravitational lensing and its shadow cast. To this end, we first compute the weak deflection angle of generalized ECKS black hole using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem in plasma medium and in vacuum. Next by using the Newman–Janis algorithm without complexification, we derive the rotating generalized ECKS black hole and in the sequel study its shadow. Then, we discuss the effects of the ECKS parameter on the weak deflection angle and shadow of the black hole. In short, the goal of this paper is to give contribution to the ECKS theory and look for evidences to understand how the ECKS parameter effects the gravitational lensing. Hence, we show that the weak deflection of black hole is increased with the increase of the ECKS parameter.
Understanding partonic energy loss from measured light charged particles and jets in PbPb collisions at LHC energies
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Saraswat Kapil
Published: September 2020

We perform a comprehensive study of partonic energy loss reflected in the nuclear modification factors of charged particles and jets measured in PbPb collisions at

s

NN

= 2.76 and 5.02 TeV in wide transverse momentum (p
T) and centrality range. The p
T distributions in pp collisions are fitted with a modified power law and the nuclear modification factor in PbPb collisions can be obtained using effective shift (Δp
T) in the spectrum measured at different centralities. Driven by physics consideration, the functional form of energy loss given by Δp
T can be assumed as power law with different power indices in three different p
T regions. The power indices and the boundaries of three p
T regions are obtained by fitting the measured nuclear modification factor as a function of p
T in all collision centralities simultaneously. The energy loss in different collisions centralities are described in terms of fractional power of number of participants. It is demanded that the power law functions in three p
T regions and their derivatives are continuous at the p
T boundaries. The Δp
T for light charged particles is found to increase linearly with p
T in low p
T region below ∼5–6 GeV c−1 and approaches a constant value in high p
T region above ∼22–29 GeV c−1 with an intermediate power law connecting the two regions. The method is also used for jets and it is found that for jets, the Δp
T increases approximately linearly even at very high p
T.