bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for Short-Term Motivational Alignment and Spillover Effects: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of Students' Expectancies and Task Values in Math-Intensive Study Programs
Authors: Benden Daria Katharina , Lauermann Fani
Published: May 2022

Students’ expectancy and value beliefs about math influence their academic choices and success in math-intensive study programs. Short-term declines in these motivational beliefs can serve as early warning signs of academic difficulties and dropout. However, such short-term motivational changes are underresearcherd. Based on Eccles et al.’s (2020) situated expectancy-value theory, this study analyzed within-person changes in the associations among students’ course-specific (summative) or week-specific (situated) expectancies and task values in gateway math courses for students in physics, math, or math teacher education majors (N = 773). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed increasing within-person alignment between students’ course-specific expected success and intrinsic/utility values (but not costs) over one semester. This alignment was linked to unidirectional spillover (i.e., cross-lagged) effects from expectancy to intrinsic/utility values. Students’ week-specific expectancy-value beliefs, reported at the beginning of the semester, showed no significant alignment and spillover effects. Differences in students’ course- or week-specific expectancy-value beliefs favored male and higher-achieving students and were largely time-invariant. Alignment between course-specific expectancy and value beliefs was higher for students who failed or dropped out of their math courses compared to those who succeeded. Greater motivational alignment can thus indicate greater disengagement from (math) coursework in challenging academic contexts. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating between-person and within-person motivational processes, suggest that summative versus situation-specific assessments of motivational beliefs may show different developmental patterns, and demonstrate that motivational alignment and spillover effects can be a sign of maladaptive motivational processes concerning students’ persistence in challenging STEM contexts.
Empathetic, old, and disgust-sensitive vs. comfort-seeking, misinformed, and rationalizing: Predictors and motives for mask-wearing behavior and vaccination intention during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Binter Jakub , Pešout Ondra , Pieniak Michał , Molina Judit Martínez , Noon Edward , Stefańczyk Michał , Eder Stephanie Josephine
Published: May 2022

Containing a pandemic requires that individuals adhere to measures such as wearing face-masks and get vaccinated. Therefore, identifying predictors and motives for both behaviors is of importance. Here, we study the decisions made by a cross-national sample in randomized hypothetical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.Our results show that mask-wearing was predicted by empathic tendencies, germ aversion, and higher age, whilst belief in misinformation and presentation of an interaction partner as a family member lowered the safety standards. The main motives associated with taking the mask off included: rationalization, facilitating interaction, and comfort.Vaccination intention was positively predicted by empathy, and negatively predicted by belief in misinformation and higher costs of the vaccine. We found no effect of immunization status of the surrounding social group. The most common motive for vaccination was protection of oneself and others, whereas undecided and anti-vaccine groups reported doubts about the effectiveness and fear of side effects.Together, we identify main social and psychological predictors and motives of mask-wearing behavior and vaccination intention. The results highlight the importance of social context for mask-wearing, easy access to vaccines, empathy, and trust in publicly distributed information.
Sensory Processing in 16p11.2 deletion and duplication
Authors: Smith Harriet , Lane Chloe , Al-Jawahiri Reem , Freeth Megan
Published: May 2022

Deletions and duplications at the chromosomal region of 16p11.2 have a broad range of phenotypic effects including increased likelihood of intellectual disability, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and language and motor delays. However, whether and how sensory processing is affected has not yet been considered in detail. Parents/caregivers of 38 children with a 16p11.2 deletion and 31 children with a 16p11.2 duplication completed the Sensory Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) and the Child Sensory Profile 2 (CSP-2) along with other standardised questionnaires assessing autistic traits (SRS-2), ADHD traits (Conners 3), anxiety (SCAS-P) and adaptive behaviour (VABS-3). SBQ and CSP-2 responses found that sensory processing differences were clearly evident in both 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication, though there was significant variation in both cohorts. SBQ data indicated the frequency and impact of sensory behaviour were more severe when compared to neurotypical children, with levels being similar to autistic children. CSP-2 data indicated over 70% of children displayed clear differences in sensory Registration (missing sensory input). Seventy-one percent with 16p11.2 duplications were also unusually sensitive to sensory information and 57% with 16p11.2 duplications were unusually avoidant of sensory stimuli. This first detailed assessment of sensory processing, alongside other clinical features, in relatively large cohorts of children with a 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication demonstrates that sensory processing differences have a profound impact on their lives.
The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development in Brazil: adaptation and validation of a short scale
Authors: Amaral Hellen Tsuruda
Published: May 2022

Objective: Positive youth development is a strengths-based approach to examine developmental regulations of children and adolescents to foster thriving on individual and contextual levels. The present study seeks to present the adaptation of a short measure of positive youth development for Brazilian youth focused on five facets of positive youth development: competence, confidence, caring, connection, and character.Methods: A linguistic and cultural adaptation of the 5Cs short scale of positive youth development was conducted with 585 children and adolescents, with data collection supported by schools in late 2020. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the results. Results: Model results indicated an adequate fit to data (χ2(345)=830.25, p>.05, CFI=.90, RMSEA=.04, SRMR=.04), and 28 items of the scale were retained in the final model, distributed in five factors (competence, confidence, caring, connection, and character). The instrument presented a satisfactory internal consistency in the overall scale (α=.91; ω=.91), and was also adequate in all sub-dimensions (α>.70; ω>.70). Through these validity indicators, the study provides a valuable instrument to evaluate indicators of positive youth development among Brazilian children and adolescents.
Transdiagnostic conceptualization of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. An integrative framework of minimal self disturbance
Authors: Vass Ágota , Csukly Gábor , Farkas Kinga
Published: May 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are diagnostically demarcated disorders, yet overlapping pathological functioning is reported at several levels of organisation starting from brain circuitry to behaviour, complicating diagnostic differentiation. In particular, what the two disorders seem to share is anomalous minimal self experience, which is a trait-like, phenomenological distortion. We propose a framework that unites multiple levels from neural substrates to neurocognitive and phenomenological correlates for the conceptualisation of minimal self disturbance across diagnostic boundaries. As it is increasingly important to uncover biomarkers of psychopathological functioning, we also propose a new paradigm for identifying the neural correlates of minimal selfhood. We argue that they can be more reliably subtracted during meditation rather than during a simple resting state as meditation increases the present-focused inward attention, while simultaneously decreasing reflective mind-wandering that spontaneously happens during rest. Our endeavours are in line with the broader movement in psychiatry to identify biomarkers of pathological functioning and shift from operationalized nosology towards approaches that are not agnostic about self-experience in ASD and SCZ.
LSTMs Can Learn Basic Wh- and Relative Clause Dependencies in Norwegian
Authors: Kobzeva Anastasia , Arehalli Suhas , Linzen Tal , Kush Dave
Published: May 2022

One of the key features of natural languages is that they exhibit long-distance filler-gap dependencies (FGDs): In the sentence "What do you think the pilot sent __?" the wh-filler "what" is interpreted as the object of the verb "sent" across multiple words. The ability to establish FGDs is thought to require hierarchical syntactic structure. However, recent research suggests that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) without specific hierarchical bias can learn complex generalizations about wh-questions in English from raw text data (Wilcox et al. 2018; 2019). Across two experiments, we probe the generality of this result by testing whether a long short-term memory (LSTM) RNN model can learn basic generalizations about FGDs in Norwegian. Testing Norwegian allows us to assess whether previous results were due to distributional statistics of the English input or whether models can extract similar generalizations in languages with different syntactic distributions. We also test the model's performance on two different FGDs: wh-questions and relative clauses, allowing us to determine if the model learns abstract generalizations about FGDs that extend beyond a single construction type. Results from Experiment 1 suggest that the model expects fillers to be paired with gaps and that this expectation generalizes across different syntactic positions. Results from Experiment 2 suggest that the model's expectations are largely unaffected by the increased linear distance between the filler and the gap. Our findings provide support for the conclusion that LSTM RNN's ability to learn basic generalizations about FGDs is robust across dependency type and language.
Spatial memory distortions for the shapes of walked paths occur in violation of physically experienced geometry
Authors: Du Yu Karen , McAvan Andrew S , Zheng Jingyi , Ekstrom Arne
Published: May 2022

An important question regards the nature of our spatial memories for the paths that we have walked and, in particular, whether such distortions might violate the topological properties of the shape of the paths (i.e., creating an intersection when two paths did not intersect or vice versa). To investigate whether and how this might occur, we tested humans in situations in which they walked simple paths and idiothetic and visual cues either matched or mismatched, with the mismatching cues creating the greatest potential for topological distortions. Participants walked four-segment paths with 90° turns in immersive virtual reality and pointed to their start location when they arrived at the end of the path. In paths with a crossing, when the intersection was not presented, participants pointed to a novel start location suggesting a topological distortion involving non-crossed paths. In paths without a crossing, when a false intersection was presented, participants pointed to a novel start location suggesting a topological distortion involving crossed paths. In paths without crossings and without false intersections, participants showed reduced pointing errors that typically did not involve topological distortions. Distortions more generally, as indicated by pointing errors to the start location, were significantly reduced for walked paths involving primarily idiothetic cues with limited visual cues; conversely, distortions were significantly increased when idiothetic cues were diminished and navigation relied primarily on visual cues. Our findings suggest that our spatial memories for walked paths sometimes involve topological distortions, particularly when resolving the competition between idiothetic and visual cues.
A Very Uneven Playing Field: Economic Mobility in the United States
Authors: Mitnik Pablo A. , Bryant Victoria , Grusky David
Published: May 2022

We present results from a new data set, the Statistics of Income Mobility Panel, that has been assembled from tax and other administrative sources to provide evidence on economic mobility and persistence in the United States. This data set allows us to take on the methodological problems that have complicated previous efforts to estimate intergenerational earnings and income elasticities. We find that the elasticities for women’s income, men’s income, and men’s earnings are as high as all but the highest of the previously reported survey-based estimates. Because the intergenerational curves are especially steep within the parental-income region defined by the 50th to 90th percentiles, approximately two-thirds of the inequality between poor and well-off families is passed on to the next generation. This extreme persistence cannot be attributed to any single factor. Instead, the U.S. is exceptional with respect to virtually all factors governing intergenerational persistence, including the returns to human capital, the amount of public investment in the human capital of low-income children, the amount of socioeconomic segregation, and the progressiveness of the tax-and-transfer system. For each of these four factors, the U.S. has opted for policies that are mobility-reducing, with the implication that any substantial increase in mobility will likely require a wide-ranging package of reforms that cut across many institutions.
KITAB MAHKOTA ZIAROH
Authors: Abah wien Mohamad Winoto , Amaliyah Amaliyah
Published: May 2022

Sedangkan Ziarah secara istilah adalah mendatangi kubur sewaktu-waktu untuk memohon rahmat Tuhan bagi orang yang dikuburkan di dalamnya dan sebagai peringatan supaya orang yang hidup dapat mengingat akan mati dan nasib di kemudian hari.
An Assessment of Water Quality in Ramsar Convention Listed Neureni Lake in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Raju Kumar
Published: May 2022

Water is one of the essential substances for the survival of the flora and fauna on the earth. Different physical activities such as photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, respiration and other metabolism processes depend on the quantity of water. This investigation has been carried out to assess the quality of water of Neureni Lake. This lake is listed in Ramsar Convention 2016 (i.e. conservation and sustainable use of wetlands of Nepal). Different physical (transparency, temperature and depth) and chemical parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), free carbon dioxide (F-CO2), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), chloride ions (Cl-), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) were analyzed following the systematic methods recommended by American Public Health Association (APHA, 1999). The results obtained from this analysis have been compared with the standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and various lakes. The study shows that all the physico-chemical parameters of Neureni Lake meet the criteria of the WHO of water quality so that the quality of water of Neureni Lake is not so much contaminated with harmful or poisonous substances. In connection to maintaining the water quality of the lake, the physical and chemical components of water should be checked from time to time by controlling domestic sewage, not using pesticides and fertilizers in the field around the lake and controlling the rocky soil coming in the rainy season by making siltation dam.
Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wild Edible Fruits in Pokhara Valley, Nepal
Authors: Dwa Om Prasad
Published: May 2022

The wild fruits are freely available as a source of food. The phytochemicals available in such fruits can be used to cure different health problems of human beings naturally. This study was carried out from July 2020 to August 2021 in different places, particularly in less populated areas like Ward No. 19, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 of Pokhara Metropolitan City in Kaski District, Nepal. The data were collected, using a verbal questionnaire in which the respondents were locals and traditional healers. The study was conducted almost in a rural condition, but there was still a good vegetation in its core town areas. People of these areas consume wild fruits mostly as a source of nutrition, vitamins and minerals, but they take them as raw food and know less about their medicinal values. Some wild fruits like Berberis aristata (Chutro), Citrus limon (Jyamir), Cassia fistula (Rajbrikshya), Mangifera indica (Anmp), Punica granatum (Anar), Sapindus mukorossi (Rittha), Tamarindus indica (Imili) and Ziziphus jujuba (Bayar) show their tremendous medicinal values to cure various health problems. Similarly, there are other well-known fruits like Aegle marmelos (Bel), Emblica officinalis (Amala), Piper longum (Pipla), Solanum nigram (Jangali bihi), Terminalia bellerica (Barro) and T. chebula (Harro), which can be used for herbal medicines. The results revealed that 41 species of plants belonging to 24 families have been used as the wild fruits with ethno-medicinal values. Such families are Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Combretaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Papillionaceae, Piperaceae, Punicaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Trapaceae and Vitaceae. This study is the first report to show the ethno-medicinal uses of wild edible fruits in Pokhara valley, Nepal.
Differential in Utilization of Forest Products among the Users of Community Forest in Kaski District
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash
Published: May 2022

There is a different level of preference on the forest products such as timber, fuel wood, tree fodder/grass, non-timber forest products and leaf litter. Different people have different usage of forest products. In this context, this study has tried to analyze the differential in utilization of forest products among the users of community forest. For this purpose, the data were collected from 165 households out of 280 users' of Dangsimaryan community forest of Kaski district, using the structured questionnaire following the interview techniques. The multistage sampling technique was used to select the samples for the data collection. The data were collected from the members of the community forest. Pre-test was carried out before finalizing the questionnaire. A verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the difference on the utilization of forest products among the respondents from different economic backgrounds. People prefer timber and fuelwood more than other forest products, so tree species is more meaningful to them. It is found that there is a significant difference on the preference of fuel wood, tree fodder/ grass and leaf litter among different economic classes of the respondents.
Teachers' Perception of Online Teaching and Factors Influencing Intention to Use Online Platforms during COVID-19
Authors: Gurung Santosh Kumar , Chapagain Ramkrishna , Baral Sunil Datta , Bhandari Jeevan
Published: May 2022

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and the sudden closure of all educational institutions, teachers have been forced to adapt to online teaching through various online platforms as the only feasible option. In this regard, the study investigates the factors and perceptions that influence teachers’ intention to use online classroom applications in teaching online. Using the descriptive cross-sectional online survey of 227 teachers teaching online during the pandemic, the findings revealed a positive perception of teaching online using online platforms. Further, the study results found that training and administrative support, trust, digital literacy, online teaching ability and perceived security are the major factors affecting the intention to use online classroom applications. These factors have a favorable influence on the choice to use. The study results have some practical implications and limitations of the study have been discussed, which are potential future research areas.
Agricultural Self-Sufficiency: Ensuring Sustainable Economic Development in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Gaudel Yadav Prasad
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to explore the impact of agricultural self-sufficiency that can ensure a sustainable economic development in Nepal. To meet this objective, the paper has adopted the descriptive-analytical research method. The required data for this study have been taken from the secondary sources, mainly journal articles. During the study period from FY2016/17 to FY2018/19, the production in cereal crops has been increasing slowly, but the yield is found improving from 2.79 to 3.10 M.T./hector and in the case of cash crops, the productivity is found to be the highest during the study period. It has increased from 12.77 to 13.04 M.T./hector. Nepal is enriched with agro-diversity and the economy has ample resources for the production of all food grains. If there is no efficiency in agricultural production, the economy should import food grains to supply needy people. So, it is important to be self-sufficient economy in agricultural food grains and to drive economic growth by increasing production and productivity.
Quo vadis, META-Katalog? Zur Entwicklung eines feministischen Recherchetools
Authors: Pöschl Stefanie , Zierold Marius
Published: May 2022

2015 wurde der META-Katalog veröffentlicht. Als einrichtungsübergreifendes Rechercheinstrument des i.d.a.-Dachverbands bietet er die Möglichkeit, gleichzeitig in den Bestandsdaten von mehr als 30 feministischen Bibliotheken, Archiven und Dokumentationsstellen zu recherchieren. Seitdem wurde dieses Angebot kontinuierlich erweitert. Der Beitrag stellt wichtige Meilensteine in der Entwicklung des Katalogs und zentrale Kennzahlen zu seiner Nutzung vor und ermöglicht darüber Rückschlüsse auf die Bedeutung und das öffentliche Interesse an diesem feministischen Recherchetool. Ein abschließender Ausblick widmet sich den Weiterentwicklungsplänen der kommenden sechs Jahre.
„Frauen haben bewiesen, daß sie im Bibliotheksdienst sehr Gutes leisten können.“ Zum Bild der Frau in den Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der österreichischen Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare
Authors: Blumesberger Susanne
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag soll anhand der Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der österreichischen Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare, einer für die österreichische Bibliothekslandschaft wichtigen Zeitschrift, einen Einblick geben, wie Bibliothekarinnen von Berufskolleg*innen ab den frühen 1950er Jahren präsentiert und wahrgenommen wurden. Mit der Erschließung dieser Ressource, die zugleich auch das Publikationsorgan dieses Beitrages ist, wird ein neuer Blick auf die Thematik gerichtet. Die Mitteilungen geben insgesamt eine gute Übersicht über den Wandel des österreichischen Bibliothekswesens und über Persönlichkeiten, die die Bibliotheken mitgestalteten und wichtige Initiativen setzten. Dass daran von Beginn an sehr viele Frauen wegweisend involviert waren, obwohl sie zunächst nur vereinzelt leitende Positionen einnahmen, lässt sich an den Berichten und Darstellungen aus mehr als 70 Jahren gut ablesen.
Living archives for the future: Ein Plädoyer für das Sammeln und Archivieren von feministischen Zines
Authors: Zobl Elke
Published: May 2022

Von der historischen Frauenbewegung bis zur gegenwärtigen queer-feministischen Bewegung haben Feministinnen ihre Anliegen in selbstpublizierten, oft handgemachten Zeitschriften, Pamphleten und Flyern kundgetan. Feministische Zines (selbst-produzierte und -vertriebene Magazine) zeigen eindringlich, dass sich viele Mädchen*, junge Frauen*, LGBTQI und marginalisierte Menschen in der Gesellschaft und in den Massenmedien nicht gehört oder miss-repräsentiert fühlen. Sie produzieren daher ihre eigenen, alternativen Medien, in denen sie selbstdefinierte und ermächtigende Bilder, Inhalte und Netzwerke entwerfen und gesellschaftliche Kritik üben. Insbesondere in der „Riot Grrrl Bewegung“ ist eine Vielzahl an Zines entstanden. Ein Teil davon fand Eingang in die „Grrrl Zine Sammlung“ an der Universität Salzburg. In diesem Beitrag lege ich dar, was sogenannte „Grrrl Zines“ sind, warum wir sie sammeln sollten und welche Archive und Bibliotheken dies bereits tun. Obwohl es verschiedene Herausforderungen dabei gibt, argumentiere ich, dass Zines als wichtige, wenn auch unkonventionelle, chaotische und schwierig zu archivierende Artefakte und als ‚living archives‘ von Archiven und Bibliotheken gesammelt werden sollten.
„Die Wienerinnen laufen bei helllichtem Tage in Hosen herum.“ Ein intersektionaler Blick in die Bestände von Selbstzeugnissammlungen
Authors: Gerhalter Li
Published: May 2022

Selbstzeugnisse wie Tagebücher oder Lebenserinnerungen sind etablierte Quellen für die historische, die kultur- und literaturwissenschaftliche Forschung. Dazu konnten inzwischen eigene Archivbestände aufgebaut werden, die nach inhaltlichem Fokus sehr unterschiedlich zusammengesetzt sind. Mit einem intersektionalen Blick werden in dem Beitrag einige dieser Verschiedenheiten erfragt: Sind Frauen und Männer in den Sammlungen unterschiedlich häufig dokumentiert? Gibt es dabei einen Unterschied in künstlerisch, wissenschaftlich oder politisch ausgerichteten Beständen und den alltagshistorisch ausgerichteten? Sind Frauen und Männer hier möglicherweise mit anderen auto/biografischen Formaten vertreten? Und wie steht es um Angehörige verschiedener sozialer Schichten? Gibt es auch Tagebücher von Arbeiter:innen oder Dienstbot:innen in den Archiven? Der systematische Vergleich legt strukturelle Ungleichheiten in Sammlungsbeständen frei und zeigt die direkten Auswirkungen von Dokumentationspolitiken, die nachhaltig beeinflussen, welche Quellen schließlich der Forschung zur Verfügung stehen – und welche nicht.
Vom Knüpfen feministischer Begriffsnetze: Ariadnes Faden & geschlechtersensible Normdaten
Authors: Gruber Andrea
Published: May 2022

Feministische Thesauri sind Begriffsnetze der Frauen*- und Geschlechterforschung, die in der bibliothekarischen Praxis jene Lücken schließen, die konventionelle Normdateien bei der Sacherschließung relevanter Literatur hinterlassen. Mit thesaurA wurde Mitte der 1990er Jahren der erste kooperative frauen*spezifische Fachthesaurus Österreichs erstellt. Der SAR-Index der Ariadne, der Frauen*- und Geschlechterdokumentationsstelle der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek (ÖNB), ist eine lokale Weiterentwicklung. Ein Wechsel des Bibliothekssystems an der ÖNB macht eine Migration des Vokabulars erforderlich. Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Migrationsprojekt im Kontext feministischer Beschlagwortung und entwickelt Überlegungen zu kooperativen Thesaurus-Projekten weiter, die unabhängig der fachlichen Ausrichtung Relevanz entfalten können.
Films at the Fairs: Cinema at the San Francisco and San Diego International Expositions of 1915
Authors: Latsis Dimitrios
Published: May 2022

The influence of World’s Fairs on the development and dissemination of the visual culture of the United States has long been studied by historians and art historians, but the way motion pictures figured into these celebrations of nation, progress, and technology is less well understood. This article surveys cinema’s function as a conduit for visual education, a technology for immersive entertainment, an instrument of social control, and a mode of advertisement in two fairs staged in 1915, the Panama Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco and the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego. In its early studio-as-amusement-park and proto-museological initiatives, what I call Hollywood’s “industrial historiography” took root at those fairs in ways that would reverberate throughout the silent period and indeed continue to structure the way Hollywood thinks about itself to the present day.
Modern Liberty, Partisanship, and Identity: On Mark Lilla and Yuval Levin
Authors: Shelley Trevor
Published: May 2022

Applying Pierre Manent’s description of the modern regime as an “organization of separations,” this essay retraces the respective developmental accounts of this regime in the early works of Yuval Levin and Mark Lilla—who each analyze a particular separation—and demonstrates its influence on their more recent American political commentary. We gain a deeper understanding of key differences in conservative and liberal approaches to revitalizing contemporary civic life and renewed appreciation for the inescapability of partisanship in thinking and acting politically. Both Levin and Lilla—scholars and public intellectuals alike—emphasize the importance of reason in undergirding free and deliberative politics, but they differ on how it emerges and is best upheld, which in turn influences their proposed remedies for today’s growing individualism, meeting the challenge of identity politics, and restoring moderation to the present political situation. This essay thereby demonstrates that foundational thinking shapes analyses and prognoses of present political discontents, as much as contemporary concerns about partisanship and identity are endogenous to modern liberty.
Hair microstructure of the Late Quaternary bison from north-east Russia
Authors: Chernova O.F. , Kirillova I.V.
Published: May 2022

For the first time the hair microstructure of two individuals of the bison Bison priscus found at the North East of Russia (the basins of Tirekhtyakh River in Yakutia and Rauchua River in Chukotka) have been studied using SEM in comparison with the hair structure of the recent representatives of genus Bison. The high thermo-insulating and hard-wearing characteristics of pelage and of different categories of the hair – guard hairs and wooly hairs – were revealed. The hair microstructure of ancient bison is similar to those of recent bison B. bison and aurochs B. bonasus but its pelage is more differentiated and thick.
Insectivorous mammals (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla) of the Ba Vi National Park, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Abramov A.V. , Shchinov A.V. , Tran Quang Tien
Published: May 2022

An inventory of the insectivorous mammal fauna of the Ba Vi National Park (northern Vietnam) based on the 1993–2013 surveys was conducted. A total of five species of Eulipotyphla were found in different types of the montane broad-leafed and mixed forests and anthropogenic habitats at the altitudes 50–1000 m a.s.l. New faunistic records of the short-tailed mole Euroscaptor subanura, the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus and the Taiwanese gray shrew Crocidura tanakae from Vietnam are reported.
Pogonophryne sarmentifera sp. nov. (Artedidraconidae; Notothenioidei; Perciformes) – the deep-water species of Antarctic plunderfishes from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Balushkin A.V. , Spodareva V.V.
Published: May 2022

A new species of Pogonophryne sarmentifera sp. nov. from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean) is described. The new species belongs to the «mentella» group of the genus Pogonophryne and is characterized by having a mental barbel long (68.0–70.0% of head length), sarment-shaped with a slender terminal expansion (5.9–8.1% of barbel length) composed of rows of short and flattened incubous processes; сanals of seismosensory system top of head have the small pores; weakly developed internasal organ, peritoneum is light.
Specific features of ecology of the longnose poacher Sarritor leptorhynchus (Gilbert, 1896) (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes: Agonidae) in Pacific waters near Kamchatka and Kuril islands
Authors: Tokranov A.M. , Orlov A.M.
Published: May 2022

Data on the quantitative indices of occurrence, spatial-bathymetric distribution, size-weight structure of the longnose poacher Sarritor leptorhynchus (Agonidae) and composition of species accompanying in catches in the Pacific waters off the south-eastern Kamchatka and northern Kuril Islands are provided. The relationship between capture depth and the mean body weight of the longnose poacher and its diet composition are analysed. It was shown that its catch rates and occurrence in Pacific waters off the south-eastern Kamchatka and northern Kuril Islands are subjected to some interannual, seasonal, and diurnal dynamics.
First record of Platyrrhinus albericoi (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) roosting in Ficus americana (Moraceae)
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S. T. , Correa Piñeros Cesar Augusto
Published: May 2022

Entre el 13 de octubre y el 9 de noviembre de 2021, observamos un grupo de Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005, utilizando Ficus americana subsp. andicola como dormidero diurno. Esta higuera hemiepífita crecía en un árbol Inga edulis. Las observaciones se realizaron en el departamento de Quindío, Colombia. Durante el período de observación, el tamaño del grupo varió de nueve a tres individuos, con una media de 6,16 individuos. Estos son los primeros registros del uso de dormideros diurnos por P. albericoi, lo que confirma la suposición de que las especies grandes de Platyrrhinus usan preferentemente rincones oscuros en lugar de follaje expuesto.
Dynamics of Extremism and Resistance Against It: An Anthropological Study of University Students
Authors: Hashmi Hussain Ali , Sultana Aneela
Published: May 2022

The present anthropological study attempts to document and inform about Extremism, its types, nature, and resistance against it to understand the phenomenon of Extremism in universities' youth. It includes studying extremist behaviors in universities' youth such as radical, religious, linguistic,ethnic-based, and other forms of Extremism. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is used to conduct this research. The primary data is collected over six months from 37 in-depth interviews achieved through the snowball sampling method. Observations as a participant, life histories, and case studies have been used to describe the contextual dynamics of Extremism. Findings show that religious Extremism is most common in university students. The resistance of this religious Extremism is also extremist, which results in conflicts and extremist construction of students' identities in the university.Further, this study will also be helpful for resilience against Extremism and developing peacemaking culture, which is the main agenda of SDGs goals.
Examining Elementary School Teachers' Views and Practices Related to Grading and Reporting of Students' Learning
Authors: Riaz Meimoona , Gulbadin Rana M. , Alvi Effat
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the elementary school teachers’ views and practices related to grading and reporting of students’ learning. This study also examined the different challenges that are faced by teachers during grading practices and also explored the gaps that exist between teachers' views and practices regarding grading and reporting of students' learning. Qualitative research (phenomenological design) was employed to conduct the study. Data were collected in two phases; in phase one, open-ended questionnaires were used with 50 teachers, which comprised four general questions related to grading and reporting of students' learning. On the basis of the initial analysis of teachers' input, those ten teachers were selected for phase two of data collection activities which have maximum variations in their views. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documents analysis in phase two of data collection. The major findings revealed that the traditional grading system is used in public schools and teachers consider only cognitive factors (achievement marks) and summative assessment scores while assigning grades to students' learning. The findings highlighted the difficulties like large class size, the restriction imposed by authority, consideration of different factors, etc., that teachers faced during their grading practices. It was further revealed that noticeable gaps exist between teachers’ views and their practices related to grading and reporting of students’ learning. For example, participant teachers insisted on considering both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, but their practices contradict their views since the grades were assigned only on the basis of Percentage marks and that too obtained during summative exams.
Satisfying and Dissatisfying Determinants of Online Education during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kakepoto Inayatullah , Akhter Muhammad Saeed , Laghari Abdullah
Published: May 2022

This paper attempts to explore satisfying and dissatisfying determinants of online education in Pakistan. Participants were well abreast with the online mode of education due to the closure of physical classroom activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposive sampling was research design.Students enrolled in communication skills course were drawn as study respondents. An open-ended questionnaire was a research instrument. Eighty (80) engineering students participated in this survey and provided feedback about satisfying and dissatisfying factors of online education in Pakistan. Data were analyzed using the content analysis approach. Results exhibited students were satisfied with ‘class feasibility, low financial cost and communication opportunities. On the other front, they were dissatisfied with ‘internet issue, load shedding of electricity, technical issue, home disturbance, expensive internet packages, and lack of communication. This research concluded that online education is never free from issues and challenges in Pakistan.
Need Analysis of Quality Education Indicators at Secondary Level in Pakistan: A Prospective Study
Authors: Batool Samia , Hina Khushbakht
Published: May 2022

The quality of education is becoming important in this age of progress. This study investigated the situation analysis of quality education at the secondary level in Pakistan. The sample of the study was 306 teachers working in the school education department in tehsil Haroonabad and Bahawalnagar.Teachers were asked to fill out a questionnaire to gather information. The data was analyzed using SPSS. A t-test and a one-way ANOVA were used to indicate how teachers' views differed depending on their demographic features, and frequencies and percentages were utilized to show demographic items and questions. Based on the data, it can be stated that obtaining high-quality secondary education is not difficult. There are some ways to improve education in Pakistan that are discussed in this study. It was a good conversation amongst scholars and specialists in education on this issue. It was proposed that the government should make policies according to the needs of the moment so that secondary-level education difficulties may be reduced.
Effect of Sleep upon Recovery and Sports Performance of the University Players
Authors: Saman Samera , Marwat Mohibullah Khan , Mehmood Kashif
Published: May 2022

The relationship of sleep, recovery and performance was the pivot of this research study. The role of sleep is vital for the health, physiological, and cognitive functioning of players. However, the complex processes of sleep are yet unclear. A bulk of literature is available documenting the effect of sleep upon human health, and a meager amount of information exists about the role of sleep in the perspectives of players. Respondents of this research study comprised of 82 university players representing Cricket, Foot Ball, Hockey, Volley Ball, Basket Ball, Badminton, Table Tennis, and Track and Field events. Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire, "Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire”. Anova and Coefficients were used for the analysis of data. Analysis revealed that there exists a highly significant association between sleep, recovery, and performance of the players. Similarly,the role of sleep in the perspective of recovery and performance of the player has also been found highly significant. Considering the findings of the study, it is suggested that players should be provided a conducive environment for sound sleep, ensuring having the proper amount of sleep during all three phases, including pre, during, and post-competition to have a rapid recovery and good performance.
Instructional Leadership Role of Principals in Improving Teachers Professional Development in Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Ullah Jehanzeb , Khan Zafar , Khan Allah Noor
Published: May 2022

The present study emphasizes on the role of Principals in improving Teachers' Professional Development (TPD). The first objective of the study was to explore the role of principals as instructional leaders in TPD. The second objective was to compare the role of principals as instructional leaders in improving TPD as perceived by the Principals and Secondary School Teachers and the third objective was to compare the role of principals (instructional leaders), in improving TPD in the perspective of southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher adopted a quantitative research design for the study. A questionnaire was used for the data collection process. The population consists of principals/headmasters (413) and secondary school teachers (1523), which working at the secondary school level. All the principals and teachers were taken as the main population for the study. A stratified sampling method was used to select the sample from the whole population of 332 (18 Percent), in which there were 68 Principals and 264 SSTs. The result indicates that school principals have a noteworthy role in improving TPD.
Challenges Faced by B.Ed. (Hons.) Elementary Prospective Teachers for TPACK Implementation in Practicing Teaching During COVID - 19
Authors: Shahid Fareeha , Abiodullah Muhammad
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explain the challenges faced by B.Ed. (Hons.) elementary prospective teachers for TPACK implementation in practicing teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a phenomenological qualitative research approach. Twenty B.Ed.(Hons.) elementary 8th semester prospective teachers from (IER), University of Punjab were purposively selected as samples. The researcher used Semi-structured interview protocols for the collection of data. Participants were mocked interview to ensure the validity of interview protocols. The data is analyzed by thematic analysis. The study concluded many challenges i.e. selection of technology aligned with goals of the lesson to be taught,execution of the technology integrated lesson plan, intermittent supply of internet, poor Wi-Fi speed,fluctuations in electric power supply, lack of skills in using digital devices and digital apps, uploading and downloading of materials in GCR, lack of students’ engagement, assessment and evaluation while implementing TPACK. The study recommends that prospective teachers may be trained to implement technology integrated lessons and use Digital Devices and the latest digital Apps for implementing TPACK in practicing teaching.
Child Labor in Pakistan: Investigating the Role of Pakistani Government for Controlling Child Labor
Authors: Khalid Shaffaq , Khalid Uffaq
Published: May 2022

This research paper is aimed to provide a thorough analysis of the availability of resources causing success or failure for the implementation of child labor laws in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the child labor laws are followed properly by the government. Despite the government taking initiatives and introducing plans for the improvement of the child protection system showed considerably negative results. Currently, Pakistan has millions of children working in different factories, farms, and mines. The poor implementation of initiated programs and introduced laws for the child protection system is the main reason behind the increasing number of cases for child labor. A report has identified that lack of education, resources, family structures, and family size are the main reasons for child labor. Based on these arguments, this study is aimed to investigate and analyse child labor, child abuse, and denial of children's rights in Pakistan.
Modern Child Slavery Atrocious Breach of Fundamental Rights: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Ashfaq Qurat-ul-Ain
Published: May 2022

Children are the future and assets of any nation yet the most susceptible members of society. This research analyzes the phenomenon of modern child slavery in Pakistan. Children have a right to grow up safe and free from any kind of exploitation and abuse. Slavery and trafficking is that abhorrent crime which violates the fundamental rights guaranteed to children under national and international conventions. This research indicates how children are bought and sold and forced into truly outrageous forms of exploitation such as forced labour and debt bondage, prostitution, pornography, camel jockeys, and other illicit activities. This research paper also reviews factors that trigger the situation, such as gender bigotry, poverty, harmful traditional practices and natural disasters. Child labour, trafficking and slavery of any form is sternly proscribed in Article 11 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 and various national and international conventions.
Legal Analysis of Right to Environment through Legislative and Judicial Discourse
Authors: Zia Muhammad Hassan , Aziz Farhana , Rafiq Waqas
Published: May 2022

Climate change is a great threat to Pakistan owing to its weak economic condition. Floods and storms are the consequences of rising temperatures and extreme temperatures. Rising temperature and resultant heat have raised concerns regarding food, water, and security. At the same time, water-stressed conditions have decreased agricultural yield. This research investigates all these factors that have threatened the existence of people by causing high health risks that lead to climate change-induced migration. On the basis of elaborate scrutiny of the threatened environment, its reasons, and laws enacted in this regard, researchers here chalk out certain recommendations to protect and preserve the environment.
Social Tribal Values: Thematic Investigation of Patriarchy in “The Wandering Falcon”
Authors: Safiullah Muhammad , Saleem Nimra , Khan Bilal
Published: May 2022

The present research was aimed to find the association between personal networking, social exclusion,and social well being among transgenders. Under the quantitative approach of study, the correlational design of the research was employed to evaluate the affiliation amid personal networking and social well being. Systematic sampling techniques and strategy were used to collect data of 350 transgender people having age ranges (18-60) years from four different zones of Lahore, the capital city of Punjab province, in Pakistan. Sample size, inclusion, and exclusion characteristics were considered while selecting a sample of the study. De Jong Gierveld Scale for social well being was used to measure various attributes of the social circle. A merged scale of Russel for loneliness, personal networking,and Lubben Social Networking scale was used to measure the personal networking of Transgender. The prejudice social exclusion scale was used to measure experiences of social exclusion from their own families and society/public by the Transgender. All three scales had excellent reliability and validity. Results will be implemented to interventional plans to increase social acceptance and contributions of Transgender towards society to increase their set-worth and confidence.