bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancement of ultra-dense WDM over FSO hybrid optical link by incorporating MIMO technique
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kumar Love
Published: November 2020

Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a wireless optical data transmission technology with a high data transmission rate. It has received much attention in recent years as it is cost-effective and has license free operation. It is line of sight free-space communication technique where optical signal severely degraded from atmospheric losses especially due to weather conditions; hence it restricts the link range and data carrying capacity. Therefore, a 16-channel ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing–free space optics (UWDM–FSO) system each having each 10 Gb/s data rate is proposed to enhance the capacity and performance of FSO system. To authenticate the performance of the proposed system, investigation for different modulation formats such as nonreturn to zero (NRZ), return to zero (RZ), carrier suppressed return to zero (CSRZ) and duo binary (DB) are reported. Further, to reduce the atmospheric interference, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique is integrated into the proposed system. The outcomes of MIMO–UWDM–FSO link revealed a significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER), eye diagram and Q-factor, under different weather conditions. It is also observed that NRZ modulation formats perform better than RZ, CSRZ and DB formats.
On Varro’s and Cicero’s spelling and pronunciation: A clarification
Authors: Biddau Federico
Published: November 2020

After taking into account the points stressed by Dr. Biddau, I will show that he misinterpreted Varro, Ling. 9.80 and Cic. De orat. 45–46, two basic references of his discussion, and that he did not consider Cicero’s whole passage. On the other hand, he did not focus on the epigraphic situation at all, as it has been described recently by Adams (2007. The regional diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.). Therefore, I reject as substantially ungrounded his criticism.
Selection of oxypeucedanin as a potential antagonist from molecular docking analysis of HSP90
Authors: Bamidele Joshua Oluwasegun , Ambrose George Oche , Alakanse Oluwaseun Suleiman
Published: November 2020

HSP90 is observed as one of the copious molecular chaperones that play a key role in mediating appropriate folding, maturation, and firmness of many client proteins in cells. The expression rate of HSP90 in cancer cells is at a level of 2- to 10-fold higher than the 1- to 2-fold of its unstressed and healthy ones. To combat this, several inhibitors to HSP90 protein have been studied (such as geldanamycin and its derivative 17-AAG and 17-DMAG) and have shown some primary side effects including plague, nausea, vomiting, and liver toxicity, hence the search for the best-in-class inhibitor for this protein through in silico. This study is aimed at analyzing the inhibitory potency of oxypeucedanin-a furocoumarin derivations, which have been reported to have antipoliferative activity in human prostrate carcinoma DN145 cells, and three other drug candidates retrieved from the literature via computational docking studies. The results showed oxypeucedanin as the compound with the highest binding energy of −9.2 kcal/mol. The molecular docking study was carried out using PyRx, Auto Dock Vina option, and the target was validated to confirm the proper target and the docking procedure employed for this study.
Retinal involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD): evidence and current progress on the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of AD-related pathology using the eye
Authors: Chibhabha Fidelis , Yaqi Yang , Li Feng
Published: November 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of age-related dementia that mostly affects the aging population. Clinically, it is a disease characterized by impaired memory and progressive cognitive decline. Although the pathological hallmarks of AD have been traditionally described with a general confinement in the brain, recent studies have shown similar pathological changes in the retina, which is a developmental outgrowth of the forebrain. These AD-related neurodegenerative changes in the retina have been implicated to cause early visual problems in AD even before cognitive impairment becomes apparent. With recent advances in research, the commonly held view that AD-related cerebral pathology causes visual dysfunction through disruption of central visual pathways has been re-examined. Currently, several studies have already explored how AD manifests in the retina and the possibility of using the same retina as a window to non-invasively examine AD-related pathology in the brain. Non-invasive screening of AD through the retina has the potential to improve on early detection and management of the disease since the majority of AD cases are usually diagnosed very late. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence on the involvement of the retina in AD and to suggest a possible direction for future research into the non-invasive screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of AD using the retina.
Ground state wave function overlap in superconductors and superfluids
Authors: Hertzberg Mark P. , Jain Mudit
Published: November 2020

In order to elucidate the quantum ground state structure of nonrelativistic condensates, we explicitly construct the ground state wave function for multiple species of bosons, describing either superconductivity or superfluidity. Since each field Ψjcarries a phaseθjand the Lagrangian is invariant under rotationsθj → θj + αjfor independentαj, one can investigate the corresponding wave function overlap between a pair of ground states〈G|G′〉$\langle G\vert {G}^{\prime }\rangle $differing by these phases. We operate in the infinite volume limit and use a particular prescription to define these states by utilizing the position space kernel and regulating the UV modes. We show that this overlap vanishes for most pairs of rotations, includingθj → θj + mj ϵ, wheremjis the mass of each species, while it is unchanged under the transformationθj → θj + qj ϵ, whereqjis the charge of each species. We explain that this is consistent with the distinction between a superfluid, in which there is a nontrivial conserved number, and the superconductor, in which the electric field and conserved charge is screened, while it is compatible with a nonzero order parameter in both cases. Moreover, we find that this bulk ground state wave function overlap directly reflects the Goldstone boson structure of the effective theory and provides a useful diagnostic of its physical phase.
Astrocyte-Derived Estrogen Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis and is Neuroprotective following Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Jing , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Lu Yujiao , Pratap Uday P. , Tang Fulei , Greene Karah M. , Meyre Pornjittra L. , Tekmal Rajeshwar R. , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Brann Darrell W.
Published: November 2020

Expression of the 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis enzyme aromatase is highly upregulated in astrocytes following brain injury. However, the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 in the injured brain remains unclear. In the current study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse model to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 in the brain and determine its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in male and female mice. GFAP-ARO-KO mice were viable and fertile, with normal gross brain structure, normal morphology, intensity and distribution of astrocytes, normal aromatase expression in neurons, and normal cognitive function basally. In contrast, after GCI, GFAP-ARO-KO mice: (1) lacked the normal elevation of astrocyte aromatase and hippocampal E2 levels; (2) had significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis; and (3) displayed enhanced neuronal damage, microglia activation, and cognitive deficits. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the ischemic GFAP-ARO-KO mouse hippocampus failed to upregulate the “A2” panel of reactive astrocyte genes. In addition, the JAK-STAT3 pathway, which is critical for the induction of reactive astrogliosis, was significantly downregulated in the GFAP-ARO-KO hippocampus following GCI. Finally, exogenous E2 administration fully rescued the compromised JAK-STAT3 pathway and reactive astrogliosis, and reversed the enhanced neuronal damage and microglial activation in the GFAP-ARO-KO mice after GCI, suggesting that the defects in the KO mice are because of a loss of E2 rather than an increase in precursor androgens. In conclusion, the current study provides novel genetic evidence for a beneficial role of astrocyte-derived E2 in reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection following an ischemic injury to the brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFollowing cerebral ischemia, reactive astrocytes express the enzyme aromatase and produce 17β-estradiol (E2), although the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 is poorly understood. In this study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 and elucidate its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). The GFAP-ARO-KO mice exhibited significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis, as well as enhanced microglial activation, neuronal damage, and cognitive dysfunction after GCI. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that astrocyte-derived E2 was critical for the induction of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, as well as the A2 reactive astrocyte phenotype after ischemia. Collectively, these findings indicate that astrocyte-derived E2 has a key role in the regulation of reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia.
Right Temporoparietal Junction Underlies Avoidance of Moral Transgression in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hu Yang , Pereira Alessandra M. , Gao Xiaoxue , Campos Brunno M. , Derrington Edmund , Corgnet Brice , Zhou Xiaolin , Cendes Fernando , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a core difference in theory-of-mind (ToM) ability, which extends to alterations in moral judgment and decision-making. Although the function of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), a key neural marker of ToM and morality, is known to be atypical in autistic individuals, the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying its specific changes in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we addressed this question by using a novel fMRI task together with computational modeling and representational similarity analysis (RSA). ASD participants and healthy control subjects (HCs) decided in public or private whether to incur a personal cost for funding a morally good cause (Good Context) or receive a personal gain for benefiting a morally bad cause (Bad Context). Compared with HC, individuals with ASD were much more likely to reject the opportunity to earn ill gotten money by supporting a bad cause than were HCs. Computational modeling revealed that this resulted from heavily weighing benefits for themselves and the bad cause, suggesting that ASD participants apply a rule of refusing to serve a bad cause because they evaluate the negative consequences of their actions more severely. Moreover, RSA revealed a reduced rTPJ representation of the information specific to moral contexts in ASD participants. Together, these findings indicate the contribution of rTPJ in representing information concerning moral rules and provide new insights for the neurobiological basis underpinning moral behaviors illustrated by a specific difference of rTPJ in ASD participants.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious investigations have found an altered pattern of moral behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is closely associated with functional changes in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). However, the specific neurocomputational mechanisms at play that drive the altered function of the rTPJ in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we show that ASD individuals are more inflexible when following a moral rule although an immoral action can benefit themselves, and experience an increased concern about their ill-gotten gains and the moral cost. Moreover, a selectively reduced rTPJ representation of information concerning moral rules was observed in ASD participants. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurobiological roots that underlie atypical moral behaviors in ASD individuals.
Regulation and inhibition of the DNA sensor cGAS
Authors: Hertzog Jonny , Rehwinkel Jan
Published: November 2020

Cell‐autonomous sensing of nucleic acids is essential for host defence against invading pathogens by inducing antiviral and inflammatory cytokines. cGAS has emerged in recent years as a non‐redundant DNA sensor important for detection of many viruses and bacteria. Upon binding to DNA, cGAS synthesises the cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′‐cGAMP that binds to the adaptor protein STING and thereby triggers IRF3‐ and NFκB‐dependent transcription. In addition to infection, the pathophysiology of an ever‐increasing number of sterile inflammatory conditions in humans involves the recognition of DNA through cGAS. Consequently, the cGAS/STING signalling axis has emerged as an attractive target for pharmacological modulation. However, the development of cGAS and STING inhibitors has just begun and a need for specific and effective compounds persists. In this review, we focus on cGAS and explore how its activation by immunostimulatory DNA is regulated by cellular mechanisms, viral immune modulators and small molecules. We further use our knowledge of cGAS modulation by cells and viruses to conceptualise potential new ways of pharmacological cGAS targeting.
A Morgan Legacy
Authors: Fink Gerald R
Published: November 2020

The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal recognizes lifetime contributions to the field of genetics. The 2020 recipient is Gerald R. Fink of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, recognizing the discovery of principles central to genome organization and regulation in eukaryotic cells.
Molecular Lessons from the Drosophila Bithorax Complex
Authors: Bender Welcome W
Published: November 2020

The Genetics Society of America’s (GSA’s) Edward Novitski Prize recognizes a single experimental accomplishment or a body of work in which an exceptional level of creativity, and intellectual ingenuity, has been used to design and execute scientific experiments to solve a difficult problem in genetics. The 2020 recipient is Welcome W. Bender of Harvard Medical School, recognizing his creativity and ingenuity in revealing the molecular nature and regulation of the bithorax gene complex.
Realization of the rescue effect at the cytogenetic level due to the interaction between intact normal and irradiated malignant human blood lymphocytes
Authors:   National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shemetun O.V. , Talan O.A. ,   National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Dibska O.B. ,   National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Pilinska M.A. ,   National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: November 2020

The effect of intact blood lymphocytes from conditionally healthy persons on the genome stability in blood lymphocytes of patients with primary diagnosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exposed in vitro to γ-quanta 137Cs at the G0 stage of the cell cycle in a dose of 0.5 Gy was investigated. For the study, the own model system of co-cultivation of blood lymphocytes from persons with different genders that permit to study va rious manifestations of the bystander response phenomenon at the cytogenetic level was used. The decrease in the radiation-induced total frequency of chromosome aberrations in irradiated cells of patients with CLL (from 12.88 till 9.56 per 100 metaphases, p < 0.01) due to a reduction in the level of chromatid-type aberrations (from 5.35 till 2.83 per 100 cells, p < 0.001), which are considered as markers of the chromosomal instability, was established. The frequencies of unstable cytogenetic markers of a radiation exposure (dicentric and ring chromosomes) remained unchanged (p> 0.05). The obtained data indicate that the result of the interaction between irradiated in vitro blood cells of patients with B-cell CLL (target cells) with intact blood lymphocytes of relatively healthy individuals (bystander cells) is a decrease of the chromosome instability in target cells, which is similar to the radiation-induced rescue effect type one.
Socialization, social innovations, and social interaction of business and state
Authors:   SO ", Heyets V. M. ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine",   26, Panasa Myrnoho Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Paper demonstrates how socialization and social innovations spread the social interaction of business and the state, based on the statement that socialization is functionally seen as a way to achieve a balance between competition, which forms actions to obtain higher business results, and mutual assistance to achieve social unity in the state through socialization. At the heart of competition and mutual assistance is socialization, which strengthens people’s desire to have a better life, which is especially vital for a less orderly society in which the functioning of the state occurs under the phenomenon of social distrust. To achieve the goals of stability in society and to support economic growth, the winners are the triumphers of the national solidarity spirit, achieved through social innovation, which through developing social interaction, creates conditions for sustainable development. Under the current conditions in Ukraine, it should be a matter of finding a balance between interests of the society, the state and the individual, which can be achieved through the social function of the state. This function should not restrict access to public goods, but rather ensure inclusive activities among economic institutions, which will suspend the destruction of social space, reduce inequality and intensify people’s behaviour, socializing their life activities in the social space of the country.
DEPTH ESTIMATION OF SHALLOW WATER USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGERY SENTINEL-2A
Authors: Rahman Arip
Published: November 2020

Shallow water bathymetry estimation from remote sensing data has been increasing widespread, as an alternative to traditional bathymetry measurement that has disturbed by technical and logistic problem. Deriving bathymetry data from Sentinel 2A images, at visible wavelength (blue, green and red) 10 meter spatial resolution was carried out around the waters of the Kemujan Island Karimunjawa National Park Central Java. Amount of 1280 points data are used as training data sets and 854 points data as test data set produced from sounding. Dark Object Substraction (DOS) has been to correct atmospherically the Sentinel-2A images. Several algorithm has been applied to derive bathymetry data, including: linear transform, ratio transform and support vector machine (SVM). The highest correlation between depth prediction and observe resulted from SVM algorithm with a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.71 (training data) and 0.56 (test data). The assessment of the accuracy of the three methods using RMSE and MAE values, the SVM algorithm has the smallest value (< 1 m). This indicates that the SVM algorithm has a high accuracy compared to the other two methods. The bathymetry map derived from Sentinel 2A imagery cannot be used as a reference for navigation.
OECD ÜLKELERİNDE BİLGİ VE İLETİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN İŞGÜCÜ VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: AKARSU Yağmur , KURT Serdar , DİLBAZ ALACAHAN Nur
Published: November 2020

1980’den sonra bilgisayar kullanımının artmasıyla ve internetin hızla yayılmasıyla birlikte bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri önem kazanmıştır. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşması ile birlikte ekonomideki verimlilik de gözle görülür şekilde artmıştır. Ekonomiler, pazar paylarını geliştirip genişletmek, daha az maliyetle üretim yapmak ve verimliliği artırmak amacı ile bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini kullanmaya yönelmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ile işgücü verimliliği arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerinin Bootstrap Panel nedensellik testi olan Konya (2006) nedensellik analizi ile 1985-2010 dönemi ve verisi olan OECD ülkeleri için araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermiştir. Bazı ülkelerde anlamlı nedensellik ilişkileri tespit edilmişken, bazı ülkelerde herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir.
Jel Kodu: J23, O33, D21.
Communicative-Cultural Memory: Mass Media Identification Resources
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Oleshko V. F. , Oleshko E. V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: November 2020

The first part of the monograph “Mass Media as a Mediator of Communica­tive-Cultural Memory” considers key methodological and theoretical-practical issues that determine the novelty of the study results, as well as the specifics of the research. Communicative-cultural memory is identified as an object of inter­disciplinary study and presented as a special symbolic form of communicating subjects, actualization and translation of cultural meanings, memorial signs of various kinds, extending beyond the experience of individuals or groups. Communicative-cultural memory is identified as an object of interdisciplinary study and presented as a special symbolic form of communicating subjects, actualization and translation of cultural meanings, memorial signs of various kinds, extending beyond the experience of individuals or groups. The accent is made on how new information technologies can be used both as a necessary element of the self-organization of civil society and as a tool to implement the manipulative intentions of actors. The measure and degree of social responsibility of the diversity of subjects of information activity, as well as the information culture of individuals, are the dominant features. It is considered in the monograph in the scientific discourse and is defined by the authors as an actualized social practice of “space”, which includes various meanings, cultural codes, methods and the latest technologies of their production and reproduction, transmission and storage, as well as texts and other forms of materialization of information, usually directly related to the mass media. A systematic analysis of recent practice has allowed the authors to implement an approach that identifies the culture of mass media production in general and the specifics of the profes­sional culture of journalists of the digital age in particular as the most important resources contributing to the effective identification of moral and philosophical values of Russian society. As it is proved, as system-forming factors of optimi­zation of media processes management, they should include such components as the professional and educational level of employees, creativity, technological and performing discipline, system use of possibilities of all variety of sources and information resources, orientation on dialogue character of created texts and some others. Professional culture as a concept with a creative meaning implies a search for the dominant features characterizing its level of development, which requires identification of certain criteria and indicators. The normative, profession­al-communication and social-personal characteristics of a digital-era journalist can serve as sufficiently clear “markers”, as substantiated, which can be defined also as a more or less successful model of human realization in the profession.
Experiences and expectations of obese older people on the care received in the primary health care network
Authors: Machado Renata Evangelista Tavares , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Braga Vanessa Augusta Souza , Machado Daniel Rodrigues , Oliveira Deíse Moura de , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experiences and expectations of obese elderly people on the care they received in the primary health care network. Methods: phenomenological study, in which 16 obese elderly people living in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were interviewed. Their statements were organized into categories and analyzed according to Alfred Schütz’s social phenomenology and thematic literature. Results: the following categories emerged: “Care neglected to obese elderly people in the primary health care network”, “Group activities as a way to provide primary health care to obese elderly people: a present past”, and “Qualified longitudinal care, centered in the needs of obese elderly people”. Final considerations: offering comprehensive and longitudinal primary health care to obese older people was difficult, and there was instability in the consolidation of public policies, which pointed out the need for effective bonds between different healthcare network services and between professionals and users.
Percepções de indivíduos sobre o ato de cozinhar no ambiente doméstico: revisão integrativa de estudos qualitativos
Authors: Mazzonetto Ana Cláudia , Dean Moira , Fiates Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck
Published: November 2020

Resumo O objetivo da presente revisão integrativa foi identificar estudos qualitativos que abordam a percepção de indivíduos sobre o ato de cozinhar no ambiente doméstico. Realizou-se busca sistemática em português e inglês nas bases de dados Scopus e SciELO, sem limite de data e idioma. Foram identificados e selecionados 26 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2004 e 2017 que exploraram como objetivo principal, ou como resultado secundário, perspectivas de indivíduos sobre o ato de cozinhar. Mais da metade foi realizada em países de língua inglesa. Os estudos foram conduzidos com homens e mulheres, adultos e idosos, residentes em área rural e urbana de países orientais e ocidentais, desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Análise temática dos estudos revelou que os indivíduos planejam e executam o ato de cozinhar de formas variadas e que cozinhar também é entendido de forma ampla e diversa. As motivações para cozinhar envolveram questões cognitivas, práticas, afetivas e emocionais. Diferentes influências foram identificadas. A presença (ou ausência) de modelo familiar, morar sozinho, ter ou não confiança e habilidade para cozinhar aparecem como facilitadores e barreiras. O reconhecimento da heterogeneidade dos fatores que influenciam o ato de cozinhar podem informar a criação e o desenvolvimento de orientações e intervenções com a finalidade de estimulá-lo.
Las políticas y programas de alimentación y nutrición en Colombia bajo la lógica del mercado
Authors: López Lorena Patricia Mancilla , Delgado Carlos Enrique Yepes , Marín Gloria Molina
Published: November 2020

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es comprender los significados de las políticas alimentarias para madres beneficiarias y, para técnicos que diseñan e implementan dichas políticas. Se utilizó el método de la teoría fundamentada. Las técnicas de recolección fueron la entrevista semi-estructurada y el grupo focal. Los participantes fueron beneficiarias de algún programa de alimentación y nutrición, con una experiencia mínima de dos años y; los técnicos con cinco años o más de desempeño en el diseño y/o implementación de las políticas. Las políticas alimentarias se conciben y se gestionan bajo una lógica de mercado, la cual requiere de una institucionalidad que le sea funcional al modelo mercantil para proveer servicios públicos, lo cual se materializa en el esquema de la subcontratación a terceros, especialmente empresas privadas, quienes implementan estas políticas con el propósito de lograr la rentabilidad financiera. El mercado se impone como el referencial de las acciones del Estado, por tanto, se configura un Estado que limita su función a la fiscalización de las acciones subcontratadas, y las políticas de alimentación se constituyen en dispositivos para la desviación de recursos públicos hacia el sector privado.
Quando os sistemas públicos de saúde são notícia: uma análise comparativa da cobertura jornalista no Brasil e na Espanha
Authors: Langbecker Andrea , Castellanos Marcelo Eduardo Pfeiffer , Catalán-Matamoros Daniel
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, de forma comparativa, a cobertura jornalística sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), na “Folha de São Paulo”, e sobre o Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), no “El País”. O presente estudo, de cunho qualitativo, ancorou-se nos valores-notícia de seleção e de construção e em análise de conteúdo. Foram analisadas as capas publicadas em 2013 de ambos os jornais. A Folha trouxe 88 capas, com 100 chamadas no total e, no El País, foram 37 capas e 39 chamadas. A cobertura da “Folha” centrou-se no programa Mais Médicos; e, no “El País”, a maioria das notícias enfocou a privatização da saúde pública espanhola. O valor-notícia mais presente nos dois foi governo. Como segunda categoria, na Folha, prevaleceu a polêmica, enfocando o embate que se formou entre os conselhos federais de medicina e o Ministério da Saúde. No caso do diário espanhol, a segunda categoria mais presente foi o impacto. Em relação aos valores-notícia de construção, as estratégias foram diversas. A “Folha” lançou mão da simplificação em relação à abordagem adotada, e o “El País” investiu na personalização e na dramatização para sensibilizar os leitores ao trazer relatos dos usuários em que, em muitos casos, o pano de fundo era o processo de privatização da saúde.
Trabalho sexual em período de pandemia por COVID-19 no contexto íbero-americano: análise de anúncios em websites
Authors: Passos Taciana Silveira , Almeida-Santos Marcos Antonio
Published: November 2020

Resumo Trabalhadores do sexo tornam-se cada vez mais vulneráveis economicamente como resultado das medidas restritivas implementadas para responder à pandemia de coronavírus. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conteúdo dos websites e anúncios de prostituição sobre medidas relacionadas à pandemia por COVID-19. Trata-se de descrição do fluxo de visitas e análise de conteúdo das comunicações em websites que anunciam transações de sexo comercial. Realizou-se cálculo de variação percentual do número de visitas para três períodos compreendidos entre 02/2019 a 04/2020. Posteriormente, extraíram-se anúncios com os termos “corona”, “pandemia” e “quarentena” em websites que oferecem mecanismo de busca. Para análise de conteúdo, utilizou-se o método de Bardin. Houve aumento no número de acessos nos websites de prostituição entre o ano de 2019 e 2020, seguido de queda com a advento da crise pandêmica por coronavírus. Dentre as medidas de proteção durante a pandemia, destacam-se as recomendações de saúde e o incentivo ao sexo virtual. Dentre 1.991.014 anúncios, 0,51% mencionam a crise por COVID-19 quanto ao descumprimento do distanciamento social, medidas de proteção e oferta de sexo on-line.
Impacto do método canguru sobre o aleitamento materno de recém-nascidos pré-termo no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Alves Fernanda Nascimento , Azevedo Vivian Mara Gonçalves de Oliveira , Moura Magda Regina Silva , Ferreira Daniela Marques de Lima Mota , Araújo Cristina Guimarães Arantes , Mendes-Rodrigues Clesnan , Wolkers Paula Carolina Bejo
Published: November 2020

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo verificar se o Método Canguru, conforme instituído no Brasil, desde a primeira etapa até o acompanhamento ambulatorial, tem influência sobre o aleitamento materno. Foram incluídas pesquisas realizadas no Brasil, publicadas em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, nas principais bases de dados, em português, inglês ou espanhol, nos anos de 2000 a 2017, disponíveis na íntegra e com a temática relacionada com o objetivo deste estudo. Foram encontrados 1328 artigos sendo excluídos artigos não realizados no Brasil, artigos de revisão da literatura e de temáticas não relacionadas com o Método Canguru, sendo então selecionados 21 estudos. As pesquisas encontradas apontaram para uma influência positiva do Método Canguru sobre o aleitamento materno e estabelecimento de vínculo entre mãe-filho. No entanto, a terceira etapa ou acompanhamento ambulatorial, não se mostrou eficaz na manutenção do aleitamento materno. Faz-se necessário maior participação da atenção básica nos cuidados domiciliares prestados ao recém-nascido pré-termo, com vistas à promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade e complementado até os dois anos.
Prevalência da Síndrome Metabólica e seus componentes na população adulta brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Laís Vanessa Assunção , Santos Bruna Nicole Soares dos , Machado Ísis Eloah , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos
Published: November 2020

Resumo Estimou-se a prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e seus componentes na população brasileira de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos. Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com dados laboratoriais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Estimou-se prevalência da SM e seus componentes com intervalos de 95% de confiança e Razão de Prevalência (RP) não ajustada e ajustada utilizando regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de SM foi de 38,4%. A circunferência da cintura (CC) alta (65,5%) e colesterol HDL baixo (49,4%) foram os componentes mais prevalentes, inclusive nos jovens. A ocorrência de SM foi maior entre mulheres (41,8%), indivíduos com baixa escolaridade (47,5%) e idosos (66,1%). Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino (RP = 1,16; IC95% 1,08-1,24), idade avançada (RP = 3,69; IC95% 3,26-4,17) e baixa escolaridade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,17-1,49) associaram-se à ocorrência de SM. A SM foi muito prevalente na população brasileira, principalmente entre mulheres, indivíduos com baixa escolaridade e idosos. A CC alta e o colesterol HDL baixo foram os componentes mais frequentes, com o agravante de prevalências altas em adultos jovens. Esses achados revelam a necessidade de considerar dados laboratoriais para uma análise mais precisa dessa condição, o que em âmbito nacional pode ser um desafio.
Uso e fontes de obtenção de psicotrópicos em adultos e idosos brasileiros
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Silveira , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Fontanella Andréia Turmina , Borges Rogério Boff , Costa Karen Sarmento
Published: November 2020

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos nos adultos e idosos e os fatores associados, classes terapêuticas de medicamentos e fontes de obtenção. Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional sobre o Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM/2013-2014). A prevalência do uso de ao menos um psicotrópico para o conjunto de adultos brasileiros foi de 8,7%. Nas análises ajustadas para adultos e idosos, observaram-se associações positivas entre uso de psicotrópicos e sexo feminino, pior autoavaliação de saúde e presença de doenças crônicas (p < 0,05). As classes terapêuticas mais utilizadas foram os antidepressivos (55,3%) por adultos e os ansiolíticos (59,3%) por idosos. Cerca de 23,0% dos psicotrópicos foram obtidos exclusivamente nas farmácias do SUS e os outros 77,0% por outras fontes. Os resultados mostraram baixa proporção de obtenção dos psicotrópicos no SUS e a necessidade de políticas que incentivem a prescrição e tratamentos com mais racionalidade, promovendo melhor qualidade de vida e garantia do direito à saúde a população.
Elderly individuals living by themselves: knowledge and measures to prevent the novel coronavirus
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Oliveira Nayara Gomes Nunes , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Guimarães Mariana Silva Freitas , Santana Lenniara Pereira Mendes
Published: November 2020

Objective: to describe the occurrence of COVID-19 and the health services used by elderly individuals living by themselves; identify the knowledge held by elderly individuals regarding the transmission, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, as well as factors associated with poor knowledge of preventive measures according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method: cross-sectional survey conducted by telephone or mobile with 123 elderly individuals living by themselves in the Health Macro-Region of Triângulo Sul in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Descriptive analysis was performed along with bivariate and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: most elderly individuals did not present COVID-19 signs and symptoms (97.5%), were aware of how it is transmitted (86.6%), and of its signs and symptoms (90.8%). The elderly individuals were familiar with four preventive measures on average. After social distancing began, 85.7% of them left home and implemented three preventive measures on average, the most frequent of which was the use of face masks (99.0%). Being a man (p=0.001), 80 years old or older (p=0.045), and having fewer years of schooling (p=0.010) were associated with having less knowledge regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion: the elderly individuals were knowledgeable on COVID-19, but did not implement all the preventive measures. Male elderly individuals living by themselves with a low educational level are more vulnerable to COVID-19.
Apreensão e Emergência de Gêneros Acadêmicos: o trabalho final do PROFLETRAS
Authors: Bezerra Benedito Gomes , Pereira Maria Ladjane dos Santos
Published: November 2020

RESUMO A relação entre os gêneros em sistemas de atividades é uma premissa das teorias de gênero de base retórica e sociológica. Neste trabalho, sob a orientação dos Estudos Retóricos de Gênero, adota-se o conceito de apreensão (uptake) como categoria para a investigação da emergência do Trabalho de Conclusão Final (TCF) do PROFLETRAS na relação com os gêneros que lhe antecedem. Com o objetivo de explorar o processo de uptake envolvido na construção do TCF, examinam-se, no estudo, tanto a organização estrutural dos primeiros trabalhos produzidos no Programa, à luz de gêneros antecedentes como a dissertação de mestrado acadêmica e diretrizes institucionais que orientaram sua produção, como a percepção de egressos sobre o desafio de escrever no gênero. Os resultados sugerem a emergência de um novo gênero acadêmico associado, porém não idêntico, à dissertação de mestrado tradicional.
On the notion of “owning a forest”: Ideological awareness and Genre-based Pedagogy in university critical literacy
Authors: Guerra-Lyons Jesús David , Mendinueta Nayibe Rosado
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a collaborative action research project integrating a focus on ideological awareness with genre-based pedagogy in the university literacy classroom. Through explicit instruction on the argumentative genre and reflection on the linguistic correlates of neoliberal ideology, we guided students in developing enhanced awareness of neoliberalism and its influence on environmental policy. In the independent writing stage, students’ argumentation revealed critical stances towards neoliberalism and adequate command of the target genre. The paper closes with general reflections and recommendations for the adoption of an explicitly critical approach in university literacy education.
The hidden prevalence of leprosy: a comparative study between two Brazilian cities
Authors: Fernandes Tânia Rita Moreno de Oliveira , Pereira Anderson de Almeida , Cardoso Lara Sodré , Alves Filho Valdir Pereira , Rezende Junior Luiz Sergio Nunes de , Souza Carlos Dornesl Freire de
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We compared the hidden prevalence of leprosy in two Brazilian cities with distinct differences regarding geographic region and socio-economic development profile, namely, Juazeiro, Bahia and Joinville, Santa Catarina. METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological study based on secondary data obtained from leprosy case notifications in the cities of Juazeiro-BA and Joinville-SC, 2007-2017. To calculate hidden prevalence, we used the method proposed by Gil Suárez and Lombardi. RESULTS: Joinville had 105 cases of leprosy that went undiagnosed (addition of 42.0% to the registered prevalence). For Juazeiro, it was estimated that 295 cases went undiagnosed (addition of 18.9%). CONCLUSION: Joinville presents a higher hidden prevalence than Juazeiro.
The teaching of Medical Law in Brasil
Authors: Lacerda Daniele Costa Rachid , Gorga Maria Luiza , Cabar Fabio Roberto
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief overview of the teaching of medical law in Brazilian law schools, proposing a syllabus if needed. METHODS: Survey the curricula of the best-ranked Law Schools in the country and reference Law Schools in the USA and Europe. Analyze the disciplines offered and their relation to the actual demands of the industry. RESULTS: The offer of medical law disciplines in Brasil is very scarce and concentrated in one city (São Paulo). Most of the few existing disciplines focus on bioethical issues rather than law and lawsuits. CONCLUSION: There is a need to reformulate the teaching of medical law in Brasil by including new disciplines and broadening the subjects approached.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the NoMAD questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Loch Ana Paula , Finch Tracy , Fonsi Mylva , Soárez Patrícia Coelho de
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The Normalization Measure Development (NoMAD) tool is used to determine the contextual determinants in the process of implementing complex health interventions. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt NoMAD to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation was performed in five steps: 1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; 2) synthesis and creation of the first version; 3) back-translation of the instrument into the source language; 4) review of the instrument by a group of experts and target professionals; and 5) pretesting. A final version of the questionnaire was answered by users of a clinical monitoring system in specialist care services for people living with HIV/AIDS, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 188 health professionals, of which 87.7% were female, and the average age was 45.2 years. For the final version of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was over 0.70 for the construct's coherence (0.74), collective action (0.70), cognitive participation (0.71), and reflexive monitoring (0.81). CONCLUSION: The NoMAD questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted and can be used to evaluate the implementation of complex health care interventions.
Clinicopathological analysis of acral melanoma in a single center: a study of 45 cases
Authors: Souza Bruno de Castro e , Silva Diego Henrique Morais , Miyashiro Denis , Kakizaki Priscila , Valente Neusa Yuriko Sakai
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The relationship between the clinicopathological and sociodemographics characteristics of acral melanomas diagnosed at the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo was analyzed and traced between 1997 and 2016. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with acral melanoma was performed at Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with acral melanomas were found during the evaluation period. Thirty-one were females, and 14 were males (68.89% and 31.3%, respectively). Most of the cases were invasive (88.37%), and the predominant histological subtype was the acral lentiginous (91.11%). The plantar region was the most prevalent (64.44%). The median Breslow index was 3 mm, and there was a tendency towards greater severity in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: Acral site melanomas are detected diagnosed when they reach more advanced stages, which leads to a worse prognosis for patients. Late detection assumes even greater importance in highly mixed and black populations, such as the Brazilian population.
Comparison of three methods for teaching mechanical ventilation in an emergency setting to sixth-year medical students: a randomized trial
Authors: Tallo Fernando Sabia , Vendrame Letícia Sandre , Baitello André Luciano
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are significant differences between the tutorial, simulation, or clinical-case-based discussion teaching methods regarding the transmission of medical knowledge on mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, open-label controlled trial was carried out using 3 teaching methods on mechanical ventilation: clinical-case-based discussion, simulation, and online tutorial. Voluntary students of the sixth year of medical school from 11 medical colleges answered a validated questionnaire on knowledge about mechanical ventilation for medical students before, immediately after, and 6 months after in-person training consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and 5 questions about the participants' demographic profile. RESULTS: Immediately after the test there was no difference between the scores in the simulation and clinical case groups,[15,06 vs 14,63] whereas, after some time, there was a significant difference in retention between the case-based and simulation groups, with the score in the simulation group 1.46 [1.31; 1.64] times higher than the score of the case group (p-value < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, an individual who had received more than 4 hours of information showed an increase of 20.0% [09.0%; 33.0%] in the score (p-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, in comparison with other forms of training, simulation in mechanical ventilation provides long-lasting knowledge in the medium term. Further studies are needed to improve the designing and evaluation of training that provides minimal mechanical ventilation skills.
Corticosteroid associated lupus pancreatitis
Authors: Atıcı Semra Demirli , Engin Ömer , Akpınar Göksever , Tuğmen Cem
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY The relationship between acute pancreatitis and the administration of glucocorticoids is unclear because most reported cases have been diagnosed with systemic vascular diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, which may be responsible for pancreatitis. A 22-year-old woman with eye involvement of a newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted to our hospital. Pulse intravenous methylprednisolone therapy was given at 1mg/kg day for 3 days, and oral prednisolone at 40 mg/day thereafter. During pulse steroid therapy, she had abdominal pain, back pain, distention, nausea, and vomiting. Her physical examination was compatible with acute abdomen and peritonitis. Abdomen Computerized Tomography scan revealed diffuse liquid perihepatic and perisplenic area with heterogeneity around the mesentery. Due to the symptoms of acute abdomen, explorative laparotomy was performed. There was diffuse free fluid in the abdomen and edematous changes were observed around the pancreas. Amylase and lipase from intraabdominal fluid were studied and found to be high. The postoperative prednol dose was reduced carefully. On the sixth postoperative day, the drain was removed, and the patient was discharged without any problem. Physicians should keep in mind that acute pancreatitis may also be a cause of differential diagnosis of newly developed abdominal pain in patients receiving pulse steroid therapy with a normal level of serum amylase and lipase.