bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As imagens de João Grilo em sua peleja argumentativa pelas veredas do Sertão: uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem retórico-interacionista a partir da obra Auto da Compadecida
Authors: Capitani Camila Alderete
Published: December 2021

Em tempos de extremismos e polarizações, relações sociais são rompidas porque as pessoas atribuem a suas opiniões o status de verdade absoluta. Assim, não conseguem lidar com o dissenso, administrar conflitos, aceitar diferenças e respeitar o direito do outro ao questionamento. Nesse cenário, a argumentação emerge como “terceira via”, pois se coaduna a uma atitude pautada pela negociação da diferença entre os sujeitos. Desenvolver, portanto, a capacidade desses sujeitos manifestarem, de modo argumentativo, suas perspectivas, discernindo de maneira crítica e analítica os posicionamentos em voga a fim de posicionarem-se e contra-argumentarem parece-nos premente no espaço escolar. O presente artigo instala-se nesse contexto e visa a responder como a análise retórico-interacionista de uma obra literária, tal qual o Auto da Compadecida, pode ser mobilizada em sala de aula para criar situações de ensino-aprendizagem problematizadoras, que possibilitem ampliar a competência argumentativa dos discentes no ensino básico.
O diário de leitura: subjetividade na sala de aula
Authors: Lima Sheila Oliveira , Batista Patrícia Cardoso , Faria Tatiele Jesus
Published: December 2021

O trabalho com a leitura, quando considera a subjetividade, demanda a utilização de instrumentos que permitam acolher as impressões do aluno leitor. Para isso, é necessário pensar em propostas aplicáveis ao ensino e que considerem esse aspecto do ato de ler. Em vista disso, este relato de experiências tem como objetivo discutir o uso do diário de leitura em sala de aula a partir de experiências diversas, sendo duas realizadas na Educação Básica e uma no Ensino Superior. Como procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos, baseamo-nos nos estudos de Rouxel (2012-2013); Jouve (2013); Petit (2009), dentre outros. Os resultados evidenciaram que o diário abre um espaço para o aluno se colocar como protagonista da leitura e favorece a construção de uma relação pessoal com a obra, que pode ser acessada parcialmente pelo professor. Portanto, trata-se de uma ferramenta com potencial para o trabalho na perspectiva da subjetividade em sala de aula.
Hypertension in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Blood Pressure Goals, and Pharmacotherapy: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Garovic Vesna D. , Dechend Ralf , Easterling Thomas , Karumanchi S. Ananth , McMurtry Baird Suzanne , Magee Laura A. , Rana Sarosh , Vermunt Jane V. , August Phyllis ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney in Heart Disease Science Committee; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Stroke Council
Published: December 2021

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Affected women are also at increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life, independently of traditional cardiovascular disease risks. Despite the immediate and long-term cardiovascular disease risks, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of HDP in the United States have changed little, if at all, over past decades, unlike hypertension guidelines for the general population. The reasons for this approach include the question of benefit from normalization of blood pressure treatment for pregnant women, coupled with theoretical concerns for fetal well-being from a reduction in utero-placental perfusion and in utero exposure to antihypertensive medication. This report is based on a review of current literature and includes normal physiological changes in pregnancy that may affect clinical presentation of HDP; HDP epidemiology and the immediate and long-term sequelae of HDP; the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, an HDP commonly associated with proteinuria and increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease with different clinical phenotypes and likely distinct pathological mechanisms; a critical overview of current national and international HDP guidelines; emerging evidence that reducing blood pressure treatment goals in pregnancy may reduce maternal severe hypertension without increasing the risk of pregnancy loss, high-level neonatal care, or overall maternal complications; and the increasingly recognized morbidity associated with postpartum hypertension/preeclampsia. Finally, we discuss the future of research in the field and the pressing need to study socioeconomic and biological factors that may contribute to racial and ethnic maternal health care disparities.
Circadian Rhythmicity in Cerebral Microvascular Tone Influences Subarachnoid Hemorrhage–Induced Injury
Authors: Lidington Darcy , Wan Hoyee , Dinh Danny D. , Ng Chloe , Bolz Steffen-Sebastian
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

Circadian rhythms influence the extent of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity is rhythmic and explains the circadian variation in SAH-induced injury.

Methods:

SAH was modeled in mice with prechiasmatic blood injection. Inducible, smooth muscle cell–specific Bmal1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) gene deletion (smooth muscle–specific Bmal1 1 knockout [sm-Bmal1 KO]) disrupted circadian rhythms within the cerebral microcirculation. Olfactory cerebral resistance arteries were functionally assessed by pressure myography in vitro; these functional assessments were related to polymerase chain reaction/Western blot data, brain histology (Fluoro-Jade/activated caspase-3), and neurobehavioral assessments (modified Garcia scores).

Results:

Cerebrovascular myogenic vasoconstriction is rhythmic, with a peak and trough at Zeitgeber times 23 and 11 (ZT23 and ZT11), respectively. Histological and neurobehavioral assessments demonstrate that higher injury levels occur when SAH is induced at ZT23, compared with ZT11. In sm-Bmal1 KO mice, myogenic reactivity is not rhythmic. Interestingly, myogenic tone is higher at ZT11 versus ZT23 in sm-Bmal1 KO mice; accordingly, SAH-induced injury in sm-Bmal1 KO mice is more severe when SAH is induced at ZT11 compared to ZT23. We examined several myogenic signaling components and found that CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression is rhythmic in cerebral arteries. Pharmacologically stabilizing CFTR expression in vivo (3 mg/kg lumacaftor for 2 days) eliminates the rhythmicity in myogenic reactivity and abolishes the circadian variation in SAH-induced neurological injury.

Conclusions:

Cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity is rhythmic. The level of myogenic tone at the time of SAH ictus is a key factor influencing the extent of injury. Circadian oscillations in cerebrovascular CFTR expression appear to underlie the cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity rhythm.
Assessing the impact of educational methods on influenza vaccine uptake and patient knowledge and attitudes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hu Pei Lin , Koh Eileen Yi Ling , Tay Jolene Shi Han , Chan Valerie Xin-Bei , Goh Shermin Shi Min , Wang Sinead Zhen
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Although influenza vaccination reduces rates of pneumonia, hospitalisation and mortality, influenza vaccination uptake remains low in older patients. The primary aim was to compare individualised counselling with educational pamphlets alone in improving influenza vaccination uptake. The secondary aims were to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination and factors influencing uptake.

Methods:

A randomised controlled study was conducted in two government polyclinics with 160 participants per arm. Patients aged 65 years and above attending for doctor consultation were recruited. All participants received an educational pamphlet on influenza vaccination. The intervention group received additional face-to-face counselling. Participants filled a pre- and postintervention questionnaire assessing knowledge of influenza and attitudes towards the vaccine. Follow-up calls and verification of electronic records was done at three months to determine actual vaccine uptake.

Results:

At three months, 16 (10%) patients in the intervention group and 20 (12.5%) patients in the control group had completed influenza vaccination (P = 0.48). Factors positively associated with vaccine uptake were willingness to receive vaccination immediately after intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.42–33.38), and male gender (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.23–7.12). Individualised counselling was more effective in improving knowledge (P < 0.01). Overall knowledge scores did not influence actual vaccine uptake rates. (adjusted OR 1.10 [0.90–1.3]).

Conclusion:

Both arms of patient education increased uptake of influenza vaccination. Individualised counselling was not superior to pamphlets alone in improving uptake. Performing vaccination at the initial point of contact improves actual uptake rates.
The Remarkable Rise of the Audiobook
Authors: Thompson John B.
Published: December 2021

This article provides a brief account of the rise of audiobooks, from the early uses of audiobooks to make books available to the visually impaired, to the rise of Audible and the recent surge in audiobooks. It shows how the strong growth of audiobook output and sales since 2011 has been linked to a clear shift in formats: whereas CDs had been the dominant medium for audiobooks between 2003 and 2010, digital downloads became increasingly important from 2011 onwards. By 2017, digital downloads accounted for nearly 90 per cent of audiobook sales.
Preconceptions of the Samarra Horizon, Green Splashed Ware and Blue Painted Ware Revisited through Chinese Ceramic Imports (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)
Authors: Wen Wen
Published: December 2021

This paper brings in new and not-well-known archaeological evidence to the debate over the Samarra Horizon, and reviews some preconceptions of the green splashed ware and blue painted ware through Chinese ceramic imports found in several sites in the Middle East from the eighth to tenth centuries CE. There has been mutual influence between Islamic and Chinese ceramics in the early Abbasid period, and there may be more than one explanation for their visual similarities.
Performance, Memory, and the Archive
Authors: Baronian Marie-Aude , Biolchini Erica
Published: December 2021

The notion of performance holds a profoundly polysemic nuance within the field of the humanities and the arts. For the present issue of the Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, we challenge the traditional significance of perfoming arts by unveiling how artistic practices disclose important avenues for (re)thinking the question of memory and archive as well as Armenianness, cultural and diasporic identity, the female body, and political engagement. To reflect upon these various issues, we sat down with Arsinée Khanjian and shared our experiences of viewing artistic performances as well as our understanding of the significance of performance for Armenian studies.
Seven new species of the genus Epitrimerus Nalepa (Acari: Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae) from China
Authors: XUE XIAO-FENG , SONG ZI-WEI , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: December 2021

Seven new species in the genus Epitrimerus Nalepa from China are described and illustrated, namely Epitrimerus dendranthemae sp. nov. on Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul. (Compositae); Epitrimerus vescae sp. nov. on Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae); Epitrimerus argyris sp. nov. on Artemisia argyri Lévl. & Vant. (Compositae); Epitrimerus lonicerae sp. nov. on Lonicera sp L. (Caprifoliaceae); Epitrimerus microcarpae sp. nov. on Ficus microcarpa L. f. (Moraceae); Epitrimerus cotoneasteri sp. nov. on Cotoneaster sp. B. Ehrhart (Rosaceae) and Epitrimerus integrae sp. nov. on Salix integra Thunb. (Salicaceae). A key to the species of Epitrimerus in China is provided. The eriophyoid mite species described here are vagrants on the leaf surfaces of their host plants.
Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei (Amphipoda: Photidae) a new species of commensal amphipod of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes diomedeae from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Authors: SOTO LUIS A. , CORONA ADRIANA
Published: December 2021

A new species of commensal amphipod from the hydrothermal vent system of Guaymas Basin is described. Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei was recovered from the carapace of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes dioemedeae. It differs from other Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) in exhibiting a longer palm of the second gnathopod of male, a highly ornamented entire and fleshy telson and the dense ornamentation of the maxillas.
Five crab spiders of the Genus Lysiteles from Yunnan Province, China (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: TANG GUO , YIN CHANG-MING , PENG XIAN-JIN , UBICK DARRELL , GRISWOLD CHARLES
Published: December 2021

This paper describes five species of spiders of the genus Lysiteles (Araneae: Thomisidae) from the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Province, China. Included are three species new to science, L. davidi sp. nov., L. conicus sp. nov. and L. dentatus sp. nov., and two new records for China, L. ambrosii Ono, 2001 and L. bhutanus Ono, 2001, both originally described from Bhutan. Detailed morphological characters, photos and illustrations of body and copulatory organs of these five species are presented.
Planktonic Ctenophora of the Madeira archipelago (Northeastern Atlantic)
Authors: GUEROUN SONIA KM , SCHÄFER SUSANNE , GIZZI FRANCESCA , ÁLVAREZ SOLEDAD , MONTEIRO JOÃO GAMA , ANDRADE CARLOS , CANNING-CLODE JOÃO
Published: December 2021

Ctenophores are fragile gelatinous organisms whose diversity and distribution are relatively unknown. For the first time, the occurrence of four planktonic species, namely Ocyropsis crystallina, Eurhamphaea vexilligera, Cestum veneris, and Beroe sp., was reported from Madeira archipelago waters (NE subtropical Atlantic). This report represents the northernmost records in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean for O. crystallina and E. vexilligera.
Compteromesa Sӕther (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae) newly recorded in China with the description of a new species
Authors: SHI JIANYU , NIITSUMA HIROMI , TANG HONGQU
Published: December 2021

Compteromesa haradensis Niitsuma et Makarchenko, 1997 is redescribed based on the male adults, pupae and larvae collected from China. Supplemental data are provided here for emending the previous inaccurate descriptions. In addition, a new species, Compteromesa biramosa Tang et Niitsuma, sp. n., is described based on a single male with peculiar morphological features from Yunnan Province, China, tentatively as a member of Compteromesa, which is characteristic in having bare wings and bilobed gonostyli.
Stability of Recombinant Mosaic Adeno-Associated Virus Vector rAAV/DJ/CAG at Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Bie´nkowska-Tokarczyk Alicja , Małecki Maciej
Published: December 2021

The nanometer size and biological characteristics of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV) make them particularly useful as gene therapy vectors and they have been successfully used in this role. Our latest research revealed that the rAAV/DJ/CAG mosaic vector offers highly
efficient targeted gene delivery to melanoma cells metastasized to the lungs and that the transduction is temperature dependent. In order to further explore the ability of the rAAV/DJ/CAG vector to deliver highly selective transduction, this study was designed to identify the transduction
stability of rAAV/DJ/CAG under various conditions. The temperatures used in this study ranged from −196 ° (liquid nitrogen) to 90 °, and the effect of temperature fluctuations (freeze-thaw, cooling-heating cycles) was also studied. This research also investigated the effects
of UV radiation (ultraviolet) on the rAAV/DJ/CAG activity. Changes in the transduction efficiency were assessed via fluorescence microscopy imaging and the qPCR method. Under the test conditions, the transduction efficiency was reduced by approx. 35%, on average. High temperatures (70 °/90
°) and UV light proved to have the most detrimental impact. Changes in the stability of the rAAV/DJ/CAG structure are manifested by variations in the number of genome copies (gc) and GFP+ cells. Temperature fluctuations resulted in differences in the number of gc while maintaining a similar
number of GFP+ cells, which may indicate specific changes in the rAAV/DJ/CAG structure, triggering disorders or degradation in the vector entry. This study provides interesting insights into rAAV/DJ/CAG, and the implications of these findings provide a basis for developing new protocols in
cancer gene therapy.
Gender Bias in New South Wales Higher School Certificate (HSC) Physics
Authors: Keast Vicki J
Published: December 2021

A sense of belonging is an important factor for the persistence of girls in the study of physics. Content and imagery that presents the field as a masculine domain will undermine belonging and make it more difficult for girls to establish a physics identity that is congruent with their gender identity. The physics syllabus, final examinations and commonly used textbooks associated with the New South Wales Higher School Certificate were examined for gendered content. It was found that an emphasis on the history of physics in the syllabus has resulted in content and images in which male figures significantly outnumber female figures. This gendered content will be counter-productive to other efforts to increase the participation of girls in physics and suggestions on how this can be addressed are made.
Social determinants of health in male forensic patients admitted at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in South Africa
Authors: Mogase Keabetswe , Moeketsi Tshepiso , Sokudela Funeka B
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Social factors are increasingly being used to determine health outcomes. The concept of social determinants of health has been used to shape policies that address disparities. There is a paucity of such studies in the forensic setting. This study aimed to use social determinants of health to identify social factors that are associated with being a male forensic patient.

Methods:

The study was a retrospective two-group (forensic and non-forensic) comparison clinical record review. Association was identified through independent and multivariate statistical analysis.

Results:

The study sample comprised of 296 patients, 56.4% ( n = 167) of which were non-forensic. The majority of the sample was black African, 50 years and older, single, unemployed and had attended main-stream schooling. Race ( p < .01), employment status ( p < .02), not completing high school ( p < .01), previous imprisonment ( p < .01), drug use ( p < .01) and not being on medication prior to admission ( p < .01) were significantly associated with being a forensic patient. Multivariate logistic regression analyses also confirmed these associations.

Conclusion:

Social determinants of health ought to be targeted to improve health outcomes of psychiatric patients. Collaborations between mental health, public health, law and policy makers as well as non-/governmental agencies may lead to change. Human rights of individuals with mental illness may thus be enhanced in the long run.
Thumbs Up or Down: Consumer Reactions to Decisions by Algorithms Versus Humans
Authors: Yalcin Gizem , Lim Sarah , Puntoni Stefano , van Osselaer Stijn M.J.
Published: December 2021

Although companies increasingly are adopting algorithms for consumer-facing tasks (e.g., application evaluations), little research has compared consumers’ reactions to favorable decisions (e.g., acceptances) versus unfavorable decisions (e.g., rejections) about themselves that are made by an algorithm versus a human. Ten studies reveal that, in contrast to managers’ predictions, consumers react less positively when a favorable decision is made by an algorithmic (vs. a human) decision maker, whereas this difference is mitigated for an unfavorable decision. The effect is driven by distinct attribution processes: it is easier for consumers to internalize a favorable decision outcome that is rendered by a human than by an algorithm, but it is easy to externalize an unfavorable decision outcome regardless of the decision maker type. The authors conclude by advising managers on how to limit the likelihood of less positive reactions toward algorithmic (vs. human) acceptances.
Lead Exposure in Children: What Special Educators Need to Know
Authors: McLucas Alan S. , Wilson Sarah E. , Lovette Gail E. , Therrien William J.
Published: December 2021

Journalists have reported large-scale lead poisoning affecting children in cities such as Flint, Michigan. Unfortunately, children’s exposure to lead is not isolated and occurs throughout the country in both urban and rural settings. The effects of lead exposure can cause children to develop disabilities, potentially requiring special education services to address their academic and behavioral difficulties. In this paper, we detail three areas where special education has a major role in addressing the lead crisis: special education identification; intervention; and advocacy, awareness, and prevention. For each area, we provide concrete suggestions for special educators to implement in order to ensure children exposed to lead receive the special education services they need.
Connecting information literacy and social capital to better utilise knowledge resources in the workplace
Authors: Widén Gunilla , Ahmad Farhan , Huvila Isto
Published: December 2021

Human resources and intellectual capital are best utilised through an ongoing interaction between individual and social processes. Still there is a research gap of empirical multilevel studies, focusing both on individual and organisational aspects of knowledge processes. To fill this gap, this article reports on a quantitative study, where the relationship between information literacy and social capital, representing the individual and social contexts affecting organisational knowledge processes, is explored. Structural equation modelling-based analysis of 378 employees working in different companies in Finland demonstrated that information literacy supports all three dimensions of social capital at workplace. Strong information handling skills enable better access to knowledge beyond the resources of an individual, that is, social capital. The results of the study contribute to a better understanding of how to manage human resources and the information and knowledge processes that employees are expected to be involved in.
Design of a radiant panel test at reduced scale for the high throughput development of artificial turf structures
Authors: Paturel Angeline , Casetta Mathilde , Rambour Stijn , Janus Ludovic , Duquesne Sophie
Published: December 2021

Artificial turf structures are increasingly used in closed areas and have to comply with the European fire standard for building products (EN ISO 13501-1). The main test to evaluate the fire performance of flooring products is the EN ISO 9239-1 radiant panel test. The test principle is to determine the critical heat flux of floorings exposed to a forced ignition and a specific heat flux profile. As large amounts of material are needed to perform the test, the development of a radiant panel test at reduced scale was considered. The experimental design methodology was implemented to mimic the heat flux profile. The fire performance of artificial turf structures was evaluated at both scales and the results were compared. The burnt lengths of the specimens and thus the critical heat flux are similar for both scales. Thus, the downscaled device could advantageously be used for high throughput development of artificial turf structures.
Harmonizing DSM-IV and DSM-5 Versions of ADHD “A Criteria”: An Item Response Theory Analysis
Authors: Coxe Stefany , Sibley Margaret H.
Published: December 2021

The transition from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) checklists included item wording changes that require psychometric validation. A large sample of 854 adolescents across four randomized trials of psychosocial ADHD treatments was used to evaluate the comparability of the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 versions of the ADHD symptom checklist. Item response theory (IRT) was used to evaluate item characteristics and determine differences across versions and studies. Item characteristics varied across items. No consistent differences in item characteristics were found across versions. Some differences emerged between studies. IRT models were used to create continuous, harmonized scores that take item, study, and version differences into account and are therefore comparable. DSM-IV-TR ADHD checklists will generalize to the DSM-5 era. Researchers should consider using modern measurement methods (such as IRT) to better understand items and create continuous variables that better reflect the variability in their samples.
Doing Academia Differently: Creative Reading/Writing-With Posthuman Philosophers
Authors: Bozalek Vivienne Grace
Published: December 2021

This article considers how academic practices such as reading and writing might be reconfigured as creative processes through thinking-with posthuman philosophies and theorists, particularly, but not confined to the works of Karen Barad and Erin Manning. Both Erin Manning and Karen Barad are involved with creative philosophies and practices, albeit from different vantage points. Manning’s work engages with arts-based practices such as research-creation through process philosophies, whereas Barad reads queer theory through quantum physics to develop their agential realist framework and diffractive methodology. Although Manning and Barad never refer to each other’s work, this article proposes that thinking-with both of these feminist philosophers might be fruitful to consider how reading and writing as part of research projects and graduate supervision might be enacted creatively and differently.
Dynamic roles of social presence and individual differences in social TV platforms
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Merrill Kelly
Published: December 2021

These days, many individuals engage in a unique form of TV viewing that includes a simultaneous act of watching television content and talking about it with others in a mediated environment. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as social TV viewing. Responding to the popularity of this form of TV viewing behavior, the present study examines the individual differences of the social TV viewing experience, particularly with regard to different communication platforms (e.g. private vs. public). Based on the data collected from an online survey, primary findings indicate that extroverted and lonely individuals have different social TV viewing experiences such as preferences for a particular type of platforms for social TV viewing. Further, social presence plays an important role in the understanding of social TV enjoyment in private and public platforms.
Investigating realistic anode off-gas combustion in SOFC/ICE hybrid systems: mini review and experimental evaluation
Authors: Nikiforakis Ioannis , Ran Zhongnan , Sprengel Michael , Brackett John , Babbitt Guy , Assanis Dimitris
Published: December 2021

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been deployed in hybrid decentralized energy systems, in which they are directly coupled to internal combustion engines (ICEs). Prior research indicated that the anode tailgas exiting the SOFC stack should be additionally exploited due to its high energy value, with typical ICE operation favoring hybridization due to matching thermodynamic conditions during operation. Consequently, extensive research has been performed, in which engines are positioned downstream the SOFC subsystem, operating in several modes of combustion, with the most prevalent being homogeneous compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI). Experiments were performed in a 3-cylinder ICE operating in the latter modus operandi, where the anode tailgas was assimilated by mixing syngas (H2: 33.9%, CO: 15.6%, CO2: 50.5%) with three different water vapor flowrates in the engine’s intake. While increased vapor content significantly undermined engine performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) surpassed 34% in the best case scenario, which outperformed the majority of engines operating under similar operating conditions, as determined from the conducted literature review. Nevertheless, the best performing application was identified operating under HCCI, in which diesel reformates assimilating SOFC anode tailgas, fueled a heavy duty ICE (17:1), and gross indicated thermal efficiency ([Formula: see text]) of 48.8% was achieved, with the same engine exhibiting identical performance when operating in reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI). Overall, emissions in terms of NOx and CO were minimal, especially in SI engines, while unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) were non-existent due to the absence of hydrocarbons in the assessed reformates.
Data-driven model for ship encounter intention inference in intersection waters based on AIS data
Authors: Ma Jie , Liu Qi , Jia Chengfeng
Published: December 2021

Frequent collision accidents of ships in intersection waters have caused huge casualties and property losses. Unclear encounter intention, poor communication, or inaccurate judgment of the encounter intention are often the major causes of ships falling into dangerous and urgent situations, leading to collision accidents. There are few methods and models for automatically inferring ship encounter intention. In this study, an intelligent model driven by AIS data is proposed to infer the ship encounter intention in intersection waters. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is adopted to formulate the encounter process and perform intention inference. The encounter intentions, including crossing, overtaking and head-on, are modeled as unobservable states of the formulated HMM. The observable measures of HMM extracted from AIS data, include the relative distance, relative speed, and course difference between two ships. Subsequently, the Forward-Backward algorithm is employed to obtain the model parameters and the Viterbi algorithm is exploited to estimate the hidden state with the highest probability, resulting in the inferred intention. The main advantage of the proposed model is its ability to capture the spatial-temporal characteristics of the encounter process, that is, the spatial interaction between ships and the dynamic evolution of states of the encounter process. The AIS data collected from the Lantau Strait intersection waters are adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental results reveal that the model can achieve an inference accuracy of 95%, 91.33%, and 92.67% for crossing, overtaking, and head-on, respectively. Moreover, it has real-time performance that ensures the encounter intentions can be recognized at an early stage, which is very critical for the safe navigation of any ships encountered. Our results show that our model can infer the encounter intentions in a timely manner and with high accuracy.
ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: He Lin , Chang Hao , Qi Yuhong , Zhang Bing , Shao Qiuju
Published: December 2021

Approximately 40% of rectal cancers during initial diagnosis are identified as locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs), for which the standardized treatment scenario is total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). nCRT can lead to discernible reductions in local relapse rate and distant metastasis rate in LARC patients, in whom previously inoperable tumors may potentially be surgically removed. However, only 4% to 20% cases can attain pathological complete response, and the remaining patients who are unresponsive to nCRT have to suffer from the side effects plus toxicities and may encounter poor survival outcomes due to the late surgical intervention. As such, employing potential biomarkers to differentiate responders from nonresponders before nCRT implementation appears to be the overarching goal. Well-defined competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. As ceRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs sponge miRNAs to indirectly suppress miRNAs downstream of oncogenic mRNAs or tumor-suppressive mRNAs. The abnormal expression of mRNAs regulates the nCRT-induced DNA damage repair process through pluralistic carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby bringing about alterations in the nCRT resistance/sensitivity of tumors. Moreover, many molecular mechanisms relevant to cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis of cancers (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway) are influenced by ceRNA networks. Herein, we reviewed a large group of abnormally expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that are associated with nCRT resistance/sensitivity in LARC patients and ultimately pinpointed the backbone role of ceRNA networks in the molecular mechanisms of nCRT resistance/sensitivity.
Employing Intersectionality as a Data Generation Tool: Suggestions for Qualitative Researchers on Conducting Interviews of Intersectionality Study
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chang Bo , Du Wenqian
Published: December 2021

Intersectionality has been widely explored in terms of methodological approaches, the theoretical framework, the intersectional marginalized identities formation, and interlocking systems’ oppressions. Discussions on how to critically utilize intersectionality as a data generation tool are either overlooked or heavily theoretical. Student researchers and emerging scholars working on intersectionality studies still struggle with how to critically employ and empirically practice it to generate data from interviews. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights regarding how to conduct qualitative interviews by using intersectionality as a data generation tool. To guide researchers to critically explore how to effectively conduct interviews, research of intersectionality is used as a case to discuss the various facets of interviews, including epistemological positions, researchers’ positionality, participant/listener continuum, complexity, interview methods, interview structure, dynamicity of researchers’ roles, and intersectionality interview itself.
Clinical application of dorsal digital cutaneous branch flap with partial extensor tendon in repairing compound tissue defects of the dorsal finger
Authors: Wang Jin , Lu Hao , Xue Mingyu , Qiang Li , Zhou Xiao
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of using dorsal digital cutaneous branch flap with partial extensor tendon in repairing compound tissue defects of the dorsal digits of the hand. Methods: Between January 2018 and January 2020, ten patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the digits accompanied by extensor tendon defects underwent surgical repair using dorsal digital cutaneous branch flap with partial extensor tendon. The donor site was repaired with dorsal metacarpal artery flap. The smallest skin defect area was 2.0 × 1.5 cm, while the largest skin defect area was 4.0 × 3.0 cm. The length of tendon defect ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 cm. Sensation within the flap, aesthetic appearance of both the donor and recipient sites, functional recovery, and return-to-work time were measured. Results: All 10 flaps survived after surgery. All patients were followed up for 12–18 months, with an average follow-up period of 15.4 months. After flap repair, the digits had satisfactory shape and appearance along with a soft texture. Hand function was excellent in eight cases and good in two cases. Two-point discrimination was 6–9 mm with an average of 8 mm. No patient experience cold intolerance. The donor sites healed well with satisfactory appearance. Conclusion: Dorsal digital cutaneous branch flap with partial extensor tendon could be used to repair skin and tendon defects simultaneously. The advantages of this method include simple donor tissue harvesting; less donor-site morbidity; reliable blood supply; and satisfactory recovery of appearance, sensation, and function of the flap. Therefore, this method could be suitable for repairing soft tissue defects of the dorsal digits with extensor tendon defects.
Arthroscopy-Assisted Reduction Percutaneous Internal Fixation Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Tibial Plateau Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Liangjun , Chen Erman , Huang Lu , Wang Cong
Published: December 2021

Background:

Arthroscopy-assisted reduction percutaneous internal fixation (ARIF) has emerged recently as an alternative treatment method in treating lower-energy tibial plateau fractures. To date, the comparison of clinical efficacy between ARIF and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is limited, with divergent conclusions.

Purpose:

To review studies on the clinical efficacy of ARIF and ORIF in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases between inception and August 20, 2020, for retrospective and prospective studies evaluating ARIF versus ORIF in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture. We identified 6 clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria, with 231 patients treated with ARIF and 386 patients treated with ORIF. The risk of bias and the quality of evidence of the included studies were assessed. The 2 treatment types were compared in terms of clinical results and complications by using odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MDs), or standardized mean differences (SMDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity among studies was quantified using the I 2 statistic.

Results:

The quality of the studies was high. Compared with ORIF, treatment with ARIF led to better clinical function (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.48; I 2 = 15%; P = .0005), shorter hospital stay (MD = –2.37; 95% CI, –2.92 to –1.81; I 2 = 0%; P < .001), and more intra-articular lesions found intraoperatively (OR = 3.76; 95% CI, 1.49 to 9.49; I 2 = 66%; P = .005). There were no complications or significant differences between the techniques in the radiological evaluation of reduction.

Conclusion:

Compared with ORIF, the ARIF technique for tibial plateau fractures led to faster postoperative recovery and better clinical function and the ability to find and treat more intra-articular lesions during the operation. However, the radiological evaluation of reduction and complications were not significantly different between the 2 groups.
In the Flow of Life: Capturing Affective Socializing Dynamics Using a Wearable Sensor and Intensive Daily Diaries
Authors: Zhang Amy , Goosby Bridget , Cheadle Jacob E.
Published: December 2021

Interpersonal socializing is important to many sociological outcomes, but assessing the affective dynamics within interactional contexts is extremely challenging methodologically. As a first step toward capturing socializing and affective outcomes concurrently, this pilot study ( n = 118) combines intensive daily surveys with a wearable sensor that tracked affective arousal. This approach allowed the operationalization of affect along its two primary dimensions, valence and arousal, which were then linked to periods socializing with a romantic partner, a best friend, and/or a group of friends. Although socializing predicted positive and negative affective valence concurrently in time, only socializing with groups of friends consistently predicted increased affective arousal. Findings for romantic partners and/or socializing with a close friend suggest that low arousal “downtime” with close intimates may also provide important social functions. This work demonstrates a new biosignaling approach to affective dynamics broadly relevant to emotion-related sociological research.
Effects of decay on the shear properties of nailed joints parallel and perpendicular to the grain
Authors: Ueda Rintaro , Sawata Kei , Sasaki Takanobu , Sasaki Yoshihisa
Published: December 2021

Information on the properties of nailed joints with decayed member is necessary to evaluate the remaining structural properties of timber constructions. In this study, loading tests were conducted on nailed joints parallel and perpendicular to the grain with decayed members, and the relationship between the decrease in shear properties and the loading direction to the grain was investigated. After the loading tests, the extent of decay of the specimens was evaluated by the penetration depth of Pilodyn and the decay depth, and these were compared with the shear properties of the nailed joints. The nailed joints with decay had a low load at the initial deformation, regardless of the loading direction to the grain. The initial stiffness, yield resistance, and maximum resistance of the nailed joints parallel to the grain were negatively correlated with the Pilodyn penetration depth, and those of the nailed joints perpendicular to the grain showed no significant correlation with the Pilodyn penetration depth at the 5% level. The initial stiffness, yield resistance, and maximum resistance of the nailed joints parallel to the grain tended to decrease with increasing decay depth, and those of the nailed joints perpendicular to the grain did not exhibit this tendency. The shear properties of the nailed joints significantly decreased at small decay depths.
Patterns of psychopathology and cognition in sex chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Rau Srishti , Whitman Ethan T. , Schauder Kimberly , Gogate Nikhita , Lee Nancy Raitano , Kenworthy Lauren , Raznahan Armin
Published: December 2021

Background

Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a collectively common family of genetic disorders that increase the risk for neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment. Beyond being important medical disorders in their own right, SCAs also offer a unique naturally occurring model for studying X- and Y-chromosome influences on the human brain. However, it remains unclear if (i) different SCAs are associated with different profiles of psychopathology and (ii) the notable interindividual variation in psychopathology is related to co-occurring variation in cognitive ability.

Methods

We examined scores for 11 dimensions of psychopathology [Child/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and general cognitive ability [full-scale IQ (FSIQ) from Wechsler tests] in 110 youth with varying SCAs (XXY = 41, XYY = 22, XXX = 27, XXYY = 20) and 131 typically developing controls (XX = 59, XY = 72).

Results

All SCAs were associated with elevated CBCL scores across several dimensions of psychopathology (two-sample t tests comparing the euploidic and aneuploidic groups [all |T| > 9, and p < 0.001]). Social and attentional functioning were particularly sensitive to the carriage of a supernumerary Y-chromosome. In particular, the XYY group evidenced significantly more social problems than both extra-X groups (Cohen’s d effect size > 0.5, Bonferroni corrected p < .05). There was marked variability in CBCL scores within each SCA group, which generally correlated negatively with IQ, but most strongly so for social and attentional difficulties (standardized β, − 0.3). These correlations showed subtle differences as a function of the SCA group and CBCL scale.

Conclusions

There is domain-specific variation in psychopathology across SCA groups and domain-specific correlation between psychopathology and IQ within SCAs. These findings (i) help to tailor clinical assessment of this common and impactful family of genetic disorders and (ii) suggest that dosage abnormalities of X- and Y-linked genes impart somewhat distinct profiles of neuropsychiatric risk.
The genetic scenario of Mercheros: an under-represented group within the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Flores-Bello André , Font-Porterias Neus , Aizpurua-Iraola Julen , Duarri-Redondo Sara , Comas David
Published: December 2021

Background

The general picture of human genetic variation has been vastly depicted in the last years, yet many populations remain broadly understudied. In this work, we analyze for the first time the Merchero population, a Spanish minority ethnic group that has been scarcely studied and historically persecuted. Mercheros have been roughly characterised by an itinerant history, common traditional occupations, and the usage of their own language.

Results

Here, we examine the demographic history and genetic scenario of Mercheros, by using genome-wide array data, whole mitochondrial sequences, and Y chromosome STR markers from 25 individuals. These samples have been complemented with a wide-range of present-day populations from Western Eurasia and North Africa. Our results show that the genetic diversity of Mercheros is explained within the context of the Iberian Peninsula, evidencing a modest signal of Roma admixture. In addition, Mercheros present low genetic isolation and intrapopulation heterogeneity.

Conclusions

This study represents the first genetic characterisation of the Merchero population, depicting their fine-scale ancestry components and genetic scenario within the Iberian Peninsula. Since ethnicity is not only influenced by genetic ancestry but also cultural factors, other studies from multiple disciplines are needed to further explore the Merchero population. As with Mercheros, there is a considerable gap of underrepresented populations and ethnic groups in publicly available genetic data. Thus, we encourage the consideration of more ethnically diverse population panels in human genetic studies, as an attempt to improve the representation of human populations and better reconstruct their fine-scale history.
Combined application of chondroitinase ABC and photobiomodulation with low-intensity laser on the anal sphincter repair in rabbit
Authors: Sarveazad Arash , Yari Abazar , Babaei-Ghazani Arash , Mokhtare Marjan , Bahardoust Mansour , Asar Siavash , Shamseddin Jebreil , Yousefifard Mahmoud , Babahajian Asrin
Published: December 2021

Background

Photobiomodulation with low-intensity laser (LIL) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) can repair damaged muscle tissue, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of these two factors on anal sphincter repair in rabbits.

Methods

Male rabbits were studied in 5 groups (n = 7): Control (intact), sphincterotomy, laser, ChABC and laser + ChABC. 90 days after intervention were evaluated resting and maximum squeeze pressures, number of motor units, collagen amount, markers of muscle regeneration and angiogenesis.

Results

Resting pressure in the Laser + ChABC group was higher than the sphincterotomy, laser and ChABC groups (p < 0.0001). Maximum squeeze pressure in the all study groups was higher than sphincterotomy group (p < 0.0001). In the laser + ChABC and ChABC groups, motor unit numbers were more than the sphincterotomy group (p < 0.0001). Collagen content was significantly decreased in the laser (p < 0.0001) and laser + ChABC groups. ACTA1 (p = 0.001) and MHC (p < 0.0001) gene expression in the Laser + ChABC group were more than the laser or ChABC alone. VEGFA (p = 0.009) and Ki67 mRNA expression (p = 0.01) in the Laser + ChABC group were more than the laser group, But vimentin mRNA expression (p < 0.0001) was less than the laser group.

Conclusion

Co-administration of ChABCs and photobiomodulation with LIL appears to improve the tissue structure and function of the anal sphincter in rabbits more than when used alone.