bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Applicability of General Dietary Recommendations for People Affected by Obesity
Authors: Marsall Matthias , Engelmann Gerrit , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: March 2023

(1) Obesity has emerged as a major public health challenge with increasing prevalence globally. The General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) was developed based on official dietary recommendations. However, little is known about whether general dietary recommendations also apply to people affected by obesity and whether the GDBI can be used appropriately. (2) A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 458 people meeting the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The assessment consisted of the GDBI and behavioral, dietary, and health-related variables. We used descriptive analysis to examine the item characteristics of the GDBI and inferential statistics to investigate the associations between the GDBI score and behavioral, dietary, and health-related outcomes. (3) Several items of the GDBI were concerned by ceiling effects. A higher GDBI score (indicating a higher adherence to dietary recommendations) was related to higher age, higher nutrition knowledge, more restrained eating behavior, lower impulsivity, and higher body mass index. There were no associations between the GDBI score and reported physical and mental health or quality of life. (4) The GDBI showed inconsistent relationships with the study outcomes. General dietary recommendations do not appear to be applicable to people with obesity. Hence, there is an urgent need for specific recommendations and subsequent assessments of behavioral adherence for people affected by obesity.
The Impact of Nutrition and Oral Function Exercise on among Community-Dwelling Older People
Authors: Tani Asuka , Mizutani Shinsuke , Kishimoto Hiro , Oku Saori , Iyota Kiyomi , Chu Tianshu , Liu Xin , Kashiwazaki Haruhiko
Published: March 2023

Oral function (OF) decline in older people is associated with nutritional deficiencies, which increases frailty risk and the need for nursing care. We investigated whether the delivery of an oral function improvement program on a tablet device was as effective as delivery through a paper-based program. We also investigated the association between tongue pressure (TP) improvement and nutritional status at the baseline. The participants involved in the study were 26 community-dwelling older people with low TP, <30 kPa, aged ≥65 years, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for a month in Itoshima City, Fukuoka, Japan. Oral and physical functions and body composition were measured at the baseline and at follow-up. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that body mass index (p = 0.004) increased, and maximum masticatory performance (p = 0.010), maximum TP (p = 0.035), and oral diadochokinesis /pa/ and /ka/ (p = 0.009 and 0.017, respectively) improved in a month. Participants with higher TP improvement showed an increased intake of animal proteins at the baseline: fish (p = 0.022), meat (p = 0.029), and egg (p = 0.009). OF exercises for improving TP were associated with higher animal protein intake at the baseline. This study has been registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000050292).
Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update
Authors: Alasalvar Cesarettin , Chang Sui Kiat , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Sullivan Valerie K. , Petersen Kristina S. , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Jenkins David J. A.
Published: March 2023

Dried fruits contain many bioactive compounds broadly classified as phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes, chalcones/dihydrochalcones, and phytoestrogens. These compounds have antioxidant effects that may benefit health. Dried fruits are also a diverse group of foods with varying fibre contents. The evaluation of the biological activity of these bioactive compounds, including their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, may contribute to the understanding of the health effects of dried fruits. Limited evidence suggests that dried fruits (raisins, cranberries, dates, and prunes) affect human gut microbiota composition in a potentially beneficial manner (in terms of effects on Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Klebsiella spp., and Prevotella spp.). There is little epidemiological evidence about the association of dried fruit consumption with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, as well as the risk of type 2 diabetes or obesity. Clinical trial evidence for the effects of dried fruit consumption on cardiovascular risk factors, including glycaemic control, is mixed. Clinical trial evidence suggests prunes might preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Consumption of dried fruits is associated with higher-quality diets. Studies are needed to increase our understanding of the health effects of dried fruits and the underlying biological mechanisms.
The Relationship between Nutritional Risk and the Most Common Chronic Diseases in Hospitalized Geriatric Population from Central Poland
Authors: Stephenson Serena S. , Guligowska Agnieszka , Cieślak-Skubel Anna , Wójcik Agnieszka , Kravchenko Ganna , Kostka Tomasz , Sołtysik Bartlomiej K.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the prevalence of concomitant chronic diseases among hospitalized older adults. This study included 2122 consecutively hospitalized older participants with an average age of 82 years. The criteria to participate were the ability to communicate and give consent. In multivariate design, the prevalence of nutritional risk with at least 3 points in the NRS-2002 score was associated with the presence of stroke, atrial fibrillation, dementia and pressure ulcers. Patients with arterial hypertension, lipid disorders, osteoarthritis and urine incontinence had a significantly lower (better) NRS-2002 score. The explanation of the inverse relationship between some disorders and nutritional risk may be their occurrence in relatively earlier age and the relationship with body mass index. In conclusion, the study revealed which medical conditions coexist with the increased nutritional risk in a “real-world” hospitalized geriatric population. The hospital admission of an older subject with stroke, atrial fibrillation, dementia or pressure ulcers should primarily draw attention to the nutritional risk of the patient.
Nutrition and Physical Activity as Modulators of Osteosarcopenic Adiposity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Vucic Vesna , Ristic-Medic Danijela , Arsic Aleksandra , Petrovic Snjezana , Paunovic Marija , Vasiljevic Nadja , Ilich Jasminka Z.
Published: March 2023

Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome denotes the confluence of bone, muscle, and adipose tissue deterioration. Being a complex entity, numerous uncertainties about OSA still exist, despite the extensive research on the topic. Our objectives were to evaluate human studies addressing dietary intake/nutritional status and the quantity/types of physical activity related to OSA. The search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to examine relevant articles published from inception to the end of December 2022, utilizing the MeSH strings in the search strategy. Only studies published in English and conducted in humans (≥18 years) without chronic conditions (cancers, kidney/liver disease) or pregnancy were used. Book chapters, abstracts-only, and studies in which participants did not have all three body composition components measured to identify OSA or when body composition components could not be related to the independent/exposure variables were excluded. A total of n = 1020 articles were retrieved from all three databases and eight more from the reference lists. After the exclusion of duplicates and other unsuitable articles, n = 23 studies were evaluated. Among those, eleven were from epidemiological or cross-sectional studies relating nutrients/dietary intake or nutritional status with OSA. Another four examined the relationship between serum biomarkers (vitamin D and ferritin) with OSA, while eight articles presented the results of the interventional studies with resistance training. Overall, higher protein, calcium, potassium, and vitamins D and C intakes emerged as nutrients positively modifying OSA, along with a diet higher in fruits and low-fat dairy foods. Higher serum vitamin D and ferritin were respectively positively and negatively related to OSA. Resistance training was a safe intervention yielding several beneficial outcomes for the OSA syndrome in older women.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dargenio Vanessa Nadia , Dargenio Costantino , Castellaneta Stefania , De Giacomo Andrea , Laguardia Marianna , Schettini Federico , Francavilla Ruggiero , Cristofori Fernanda
Published: March 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, and (2) skills, interests and activities. ASD patients often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms associated with dysbiotic states and a “leaky gut.” A key role in the pathogenesis of ASD has been attributed to the gut microbiota, as it influences central nervous system development and neuropsychological and gastrointestinal homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. A state of dysbiosis with a reduction in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Bacteroidetes level and other imbalances is common in ASD. In recent decades, many authors have tried to study and identify the microbial signature of ASD through in vivo and ex vivo studies. In this regard, the advent of metabolomics has also been of great help. Based on these data, several therapeutic strategies, primarily the use of probiotics, are investigated to improve the symptoms of ASD through the modulation of the microbiota. However, although the results are promising, the heterogeneity of the studies precludes concrete evidence. The aim of this review is to explore the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction, the gut–brain axis and microbiota alterations in ASD and the possible role of probiotic supplementation in these patients.
Tinnitus, Aural Fullness, and Hearing Loss in a Patient with Acoustic Neuroma and Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Aldè Mirko , Pignataro Lorenzo , Zanetti Diego
Published: March 2023

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with multiple otologic and vestibular symptoms. She presented with two different types of tinnitus in her right ear, vertigo, and fluctuating aural symptoms in the left ear. She also complained of disequilibrium; chronic headache; hyperhidrosis; amenorrhea; insomnia; broadened hands and feet; and widened, thickened, and stubby fingers. The patient underwent careful collection of medical history, otomiscroscopy, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, reflex threshold measurements, vestibular assessments, blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cone beam computed tomography (CBTC) of the head. The audiogram showed: (1) a mild low-to-mid frequency conductive hearing loss, and a sharply sloping sensorineural hearing loss above 4000 Hz in the right ear; (2) a mild low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. MRI with 3D FLAIR sequences detected an acoustic neuroma (7.4 mm × 5.2 mm) in the middle-third of the right internal auditory canal, a pituitary macroadenoma (13 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm) and left saccular hydrops. The CBCT scan documented an outbreak of otosclerosis (3 mm) around the fissula ante fenestram in the right ear. Therefore, acoustic neuroma (right ear), growth hormone-secreting macroadenoma of the pituitary gland, Menière’s disease (left ear), and otosclerosis (right ear) were diagnosed/strongly suspected. A watch-and-wait strategy was adopted for acoustic neuroma and otosclerosis, while transsphenoidal surgery was successfully performed to remove the pituitary macroadenoma. This case report confirms that multiple otologic disorders can occur simultaneously in the same patient, requiring prompt audiological and imaging evaluations.
Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Food Ingredients in Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Papathanasiou Evangelos , Alreshaid Reem , Araujo de Godoi Mariely
Published: March 2023

Periodontitis is a multi-faceted inflammatory disease that impacts the gingiva and the structures that support our teeth, and may eventually increase tooth mobility and the risk of tooth loss. Inflammation is a viable therapeutic target of periodontitis for both biologic (dietary) and host modulatory agents/drugs. Conventional therapeutic approaches for periodontitis, including nonsurgical or surgical periodontal therapy as well as occasional adjunctive antimicrobial therapy, have been only marginally effective. Malnutrition, or at least poor dietary habits, can be highly prevalent among patients with periodontal diseases. As several food nutrients can aid in periodontal healing and regeneration, there is a critical need to evaluate natural dietary sources and supplement ingredients that can counterbalance the inflammatory processes and improve the periodontal status of our patients. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge (search period: 2010 to 2022; PubMed and Web of Science) on the anti-inflammatory actions of food ingredients and supplements in clinical studies of patients with periodontal diseases. A diet that includes fruits and vegetables, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and supplements of vitamins and plant-derived compounds seems to counteract gingival inflammation and has a promising therapeutic impact in patients with periodontal diseases. Despite the positive indications that several nutrients can be used as an adjunct to periodontal therapy, additional studies with bigger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to elucidate their therapeutic benefits and the most effective doses and administration.
The Expressions of NF−κB, COX−2, Sp1, and c−Jun in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Their Associations with Patient Survival
Authors: Renaldi Kaka , Simadibrata Marcellus , Rahadiani Nur , Handjari Diah Rini , Harahap Alida Roswita , Harimurti Kuntjoro , Zubir Nasrul , Siregar Lianda , Loho Imelda Maria , Suzanna Evlina , Prawirodihardjo Bonita , Hidajat Heriawaty , Widodo Budi , Rahniayu Alphania , Tambun Renaningtyas , William Andy , Makmun Dadang
Published: March 2023

Chronic inflammation is a crucial driver of carcinogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several studies have investigated the prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase−2 (COX−2) expression in PDAC patients, obtaining conflicting results. Nuclear factor kappa−B (NF−κB), specificity protein 1 (Sp1), and c−Jun are known as the transcription factors of the COX2 gene. This exploratory observational study investigated the association of the NF−κB, COX−2, Sp1, and c−Jun expressions with patient survival in PDAC. We used the immunohistochemical method to detect the PDAC tissue expressions of NF−κB (RelA/p65), COX−2, Sp1, and c−Jun. The expressions of these proteins were correlated with the overall survival (OS) and other clinicopathological characteristics of PDAC patients. We obtained 53 PDAC specimens from resections and biopsies. There were significant correlations between the four proteins’ expressions in the PDAC tissues. The expression of the cytoplasmic (aHR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.90; p = 0.032) or nuclear NF−κB (aHR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07–0.66; p = 0.007) was independently associated with a better prognosis in the PDAC patients. COX−2, Sp1, and c−Jun showed no significant association with a prognosis in the PDAC patients. The PDAC patients who expressed NF−κB had a better prognosis than the other patients, which suggests that the role of inflammation in PDAC is more complex than previously thought.
ABT-333 (Dasabuvir) Increases Action Potential Duration and Provokes Early Afterdepolarizations in Canine Left Ventricular Cells via Inhibition of IKr
Authors: Kovács Zsigmond , Óvári József , Dienes Csaba , Magyar János , Bányász Tamás , Nánási Péter , Horváth Balázs , Feher Adam , Varga Zoltan , Szentandrássy Norbert
Published: March 2023

ABT-333 (dasabuvir) is an antiviral agent used in hepatitis C treatment. The molecule, similarly to some inhibitors of hERG channels, responsible for the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), contains the methanesulfonamide group. Reduced IKr current leads to long QT syndrome and early afterdepolarizations (EADs), therefore potentially causing life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Our goal was to investigate the acute effects of ABT-333 in enzymatically isolated canine left ventricular myocardial cells. Action potentials (APs) and ion currents were recorded with a sharp microelectrode technique and whole-cell patch clamp, respectively. Application of 1 μM ABT-333 prolonged the AP in a reversible manner. The maximal rates of phases 0 and 1 were irreversibly decreased. Higher ABT-333 concentrations caused larger AP prolongation, elevation of the early plateau potential, and reduction of maximal rates of phases 0, 1, and 3. EADs occurred in some cells in 3–30 μM ABT-333 concentrations. The 10 μM ABT-333-sensitive current, recorded with AP voltage clamp, contained a late outward component corresponding to IKr and an early outward one corresponding to transient outward potassium current (Ito). ABT-333 reduced hERG-channel-mediated ion current in a concentration-dependent, partially reversible manner with a half-inhibitory concentration of 3.2 μM. As the therapeutic plasma concentration of ABT-333 can reach the low μM range, ABT-333 application carries a risk of cardiac side effects especially in case of coadministration with strong inhibitors of CYP2C8.
Antimetastatic Activity of Apoptolidin A by Upregulation of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Kyaw Kay Zin , Park Jiyoon , Oh Seung Ho , Lee Ji Yun , Bae Eun Seo , Park Hyen Joo , Oh Dong-Chan , Lee Sang Kook
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent tumors with high metastatic potential; consequently, finding new drug candidates that suppress tumor metastasis is essential. Apoptolidin A is a macrocyclic lactone produced by Amycolatopsis sp. DW02G. It exhibits significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, but its effects on CRC cells remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities of apoptolidin A and its underlying molecular mechanisms in CRC cells. Apoptolidin A effectively inhibited CRC cell growth and colony formation. The induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 expression. Long-term exposure to apoptolidin A also induced apoptosis as confirmed by the downregulation and upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, respectively. Moreover, apoptolidin A effectively upregulated the suppressed expression of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), a tumor suppressor gene, in a concentration-dependent manner in CRC cells. The antimetastatic potential of apoptolidin A was also correlated with the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, including the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and MMP9 in CRC cells. These findings suggest that apoptolidin A exerts antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities by regulating the NDRG1-activated EMT pathway in CRC cells.
Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanofibrous Meshes as Wound Dressings: A Concise Review
Authors: Sharma Ameya , Dheer Divya , Singh Inderbir , Puri Vivek , Kumar Pradeep
Published: March 2023

In the past, wounds were treated with natural materials, but modern wound dressings include functional elements to expedite the process of healing and to improve skin recovery. Due to their exceptional properties, nanofibrous wound dressings are now the most cutting-edge and desirable option. Similar in structure to the skin’s own extracellular matrix (ECM), these dressings can promote tissue regeneration, wound fluid transportation, and air ductility for cellular proliferation and regeneration owing to their nanostructured fibrous meshes or scaffolds. Many academic search engines and databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect, were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the literature for the purposes of this investigation. Using the term “nanofibrous meshes” as a keyword, this paper focuses on the importance of phytoconstituents. This review article summarizes the most recent developments and conclusions from studies on bioactive nanofibrous wound dressings infused with medicinal plants. Several wound-healing methods, wound-dressing materials, and wound-healing components derived from medicinal plants were also discussed.
Topical Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Skin Wounds and Ocular Trauma Using the Platform Wound Device
Authors: Eriksson Elof , Griffith Gina L , Nuutila Kristo
Published: March 2023

Topical treatment of injuries such as skin wounds and ocular trauma is the favored route of administration. Local drug delivery systems can be applied directly to the injured area, and their properties for releasing therapeutics can be tailored. Topical treatment also reduces the risk of adverse systemic effects while providing very high therapeutic concentrations at the target site. This review article highlights the Platform Wound Device (PWD) (Applied Tissue Technologies LLC, Hingham, MA, USA) for topical drug delivery in the treatment of skin wounds and eye injuries. The PWD is a unique, single-component, impermeable, polyurethane dressing that can be applied immediately after injury to provide a protective dressing and a tool for precise topical delivery of drugs such as analgesics and antibiotics. The use of the PWD as a topical drug delivery platform has been extensively validated in the treatment of skin and eye injuries. The purpose of this article is to summarize the findings from these preclinical and clinical studies.
Nanofibers in Ocular Drug Targeting and Tissue Engineering: Their Importance, Advantages, Advances, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Uzel Egemen , Durgun Meltem Ezgi , Esentürk-Güzel İmren , Güngör Sevgi , Özsoy Yıldız
Published: March 2023

Nanofibers are frequently encountered in daily life as a modern material with a wide range of applications. The important advantages of production techniques, such as being easy, cost effective, and industrially applicable are important factors in the preference for nanofibers. Nanofibers, which have a broad scope of use in the field of health, are preferred both in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Due to the biocompatible materials used in their construction, they are also frequently preferred in ocular applications. The fact that they have a long drug release time as a drug delivery system and have been used in corneal tissue studies, which have been successfully developed in tissue engineering, stand out as important advantages of nanofibers. This review examines nanofibers, their production techniques and general information, nanofiber-based ocular drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering concepts in detail.
Intensity Modulation of Two Weakly Coupled Stimulated Oscillating Mechanical Modes in an Optomechanical Microbubble Resonator
Authors: Yu Xiayuqi , Xu Lei , Liu Liying
Published: March 2023

We report that when two stimulating mechanical modes in an optomechanical microbubble resonator are weakly coupled to each other, strong oscillation intensity modulation occurs. The modulation was theoretically expected and experimentally observed. We theoretically derived the expressions of the coupling coefficient between the mechanical modes and calculated the region where weak coupling happens. We found that weak coupling exists when the optical quality factor of the microcavity is high and the detuning of the pump laser is close to the beat frequency of the two mechanical modes. Experimentally, we observed that when two mechanical modes are both in stimulated oscillation, they undergo strong intensity modulation as the optical pump power changes, and the coupling coefficient of the two modes is estimated to be 0.962 at the pump power when one mode is in the stimulated region and the other mode is at a stimulating threshold; this proves that the two mechanical modes are weakly coupled. Our results extended the weak coupling conclusion in multimode laser emission to stimulated oscillation in multiple mechanical modes.
A Facile Aqueous Solution Route for the Growth of Chalcogenide Perovskite BaZrS3 Films
Authors: Dhole Samyak , Wei Xiucheng , Hui Haolei , Roy Pinku , Corey Zachary , Wang Yongqiang , Nie Wanyi , Chen Aiping , Zeng Hao , Jia Quanxi
Published: March 2023

The prototypical chalcogenide perovskite, BaZrS3 (BZS), with its direct bandgap of 1.7–1.8 eV, high chemical stability, and strong light–matter interactions, has garnered significant interest over the past few years. So far, attempts to grow BaZrS3 films have been limited mainly to physical vapor deposition techniques. Here, we report the fabrication of BZS thin films via a facile aqueous solution route of polymer-assisted deposition (PAD), where the polymer-chelated cation precursor films were sulfurized in a mixed CS2 and Ar atmosphere. The formation of a single-phase polycrystalline BZS thin film at a processing temperature of 900 °C was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the films was verified by Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The BZS films showed a photoluminescence peak at around 1.8 eV and exhibited a photogenerated current under light illumination at a wavelength of 530 nm. Temperature-dependent resistivity analysis revealed that the conduction of BaZrS3 films under the dark condition could be described by the Efros–Shklovskii variable range hopping model in the temperature range of 60–300 K, with an activation energy of about 44 meV.
Feasibility Demonstration of THz Wave Generation/Modulation Based on Photomixing Using a Single Wavelength-Tunable Laser
Authors: Shiramizu Takashi , Seiki Naoya , Matsumoto Ryo , Masutomi Naoto , Mikami Yuya , Ueda Yuta , Kato Kazutoshi
Published: March 2023

The photomixing of two lightwaves is one of the promising methods of generating a terahertz (THz) wave. The conventional photomixing system consisting of two lasers and a modulator results in large transmitter volumes and high power consumption. To solve this issue, we devised a novel THz wave generation and modulation system based on photomixing using a single wavelength-tunable laser in combination with delayed self-multiplexing. We successfully demonstrated the feasibility of 300-GHz wave generation and modulation.
Key Space Enhancement of Chaos Communication Using Semiconductor Lasers with Spectrum-Programmable Optoelectronic Feedback
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Longsheng , Jia Zhiwei , Zhao Tong , Chang Pengfa , Wang Yuncai , Wang Anbang
Published: March 2023

We propose a scheme for key-space-enhanced chaos secure communication using semiconductor lasers with spectrum-programmable optoelectronic feedback. This feedback consists of multiple parallel optoelectronic feedback loops composed of bandpass filters and radio-frequency amplifiers. The centre frequencies of the filters and gain coefficients of the amplifiers increase the key space. We use 12 parallel filtered feedback loops to analyse the effects of parameter mismatch on the synchronization quality. The simulation result indicates that the key space reaches approximately 2100 at a data rate of 10 Gbit/s, and it can be further enhanced by increasing the number of feedback loops. These results suggest an alternative approach for security-enhanced optical chaos communication.
Effects of White and Blue-Red Light on Growth and Metabolism of Basil Grown under Microcosm Conditions
Authors: d’Aquino Luigi , Cozzolino Rosaria , Nardone Giovanni , Borelli Gianni , Gambale Emilia , Sighicelli Maria , Menegoni Patrizia , Modarelli Giuseppe Carlo , Rimauro Juri , Chianese Elena , Nenna Giuseppe , Fasolino Tommaso , D’Urso Gilda , Montoro Paola
Published: March 2023

Indoor farming of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under artificial lighting to support year-round produce demand is an area of increasing interest. Literature data indicate that diverse light regimes differently affect downstream metabolic pathways which influence basil growth, development and metabolism. In this study, basil was grown from seedlings to fully developed plants in a microcosm, an innovative device aimed at growing plants indoor as in natural conditions. Specifically, the effects of white (W) and blue-red (BR) light under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 255 μmol m−2 s−1 on plant growth, photochemistry, soluble nutrient concentration and secondary metabolism were investigated. Plants grew taller (41.8 ± 5.0 vs. 28.4 ± 2.5 cm) and produced greater biomass (150.3 ± 24.2/14.7 ± 2.0 g vs. 116.2 ± 28.3/12.3 ± 2.5 g fresh/dry biomass) under W light compared to BR light. The two lighting conditions differently influenced the soluble nutrient concentration and the translocation rate. No photosynthetic stress was observed under the two lighting regimes, but leaves grown under W light displayed higher levels of maximum quantum yield of PSII and electron transport rate. Sharp differences in metabolic patterns under the two lighting regimes were detected with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds under the BR light.
Promoter Variation of the Key Apple Fruit Texture Related Gene MdPG1 and the Upstream Regulation Analysis
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Luo Zhengrong , Cao Shangyin
Published: March 2023

MdPG1 encoding polygalacturonase in apple (Malus × domestica) is a key gene associated with fruit firmness and texture variations among apple cultivars. However, the causative variants of MdPG1 are still not known. In this study, we identified a SNPA/C variant within an ERF-binding element located in the promoter region of MdPG1. The promoter containing the ERF-binding element with SNPA, rather than the SNPC, could be strongly bound and activated by MdCBF2, a member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, as determined by yeast-one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We also demonstrated that the presence of a novel long non-coding RNA, lncRNAPG1, in the promoter of MdPG1 was a causative variant. lncRNAPG1 was specifically expressed in fruit tissues postharvest. lncRNAPG1 could reduce promoter activity when it was fused to the promoter of MdPG1 and a tobacco gene encoding Mg-chelatase H subunit (NtCHLH) in transgenic tobacco cells but could not reduce promoter activity when it was supplied in a separate gene construct, indicating a cis-regulatory effect. Our results provide new insights into genetic regulation of MdPG1 allele expression and are also useful for the development of elite apple cultivars.
How Does Changing Environment Influence Plant Seed Movements as Populations of Dispersal Vectors Decline?
Authors: Hernandez Jonathan O. , Naeem Muhammad , Zaman Wajid
Published: March 2023

Plants differ widely in their ability to find tolerable climatic ranges through seed dispersal, depending on their life-history traits and habitat characteristics. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review on seed dispersal mechanisms was conducted to elucidate plant seed movements amid changing environments. Here, the highest relative count of studies was found in Spain (16.47%), followed by Brazil (14.12%), and the USA (14.12%). The megadiverse, hotspot countries (e.g., Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, India, and Indonesia) and Africa (Tanzania, South Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo) have very low to no data about the reviewed topic. The effects of land use changes, habitat degradation/disturbances, climate, and extreme weather conditions on seed dispersal mechanisms and agents had the highest share of studies across topics and countries. Plant diversity and distribution of anemochorous, endozoochorous, epizoochorous, hydrochorous, myrmecochorous, and ornithochorous species are seriously affected by changing environments due to altered long-distance seed dispersal. The fruit types commonly associated with endozoochory and ornithochory are species with achene, capsule, drupe, fleshy, and nut fruits/seeds, whereas achene, capsule, samara/winged seeds are associated with anemochory. The present review provides a summary of evidence on how plants are affected by climate change as populations of dispersal vectors decline. Finally, recommendations for further study were made based on the identified knowledge gaps.
Mapping Topsoil Total Nitrogen Using Random Forest and Modified Regression Kriging in Agricultural Areas of Central China
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Wu Zhenfu , Sun Xiaomei , Yan Junying , Sun Yueqi , Liu Peijia , Chen Jie
Published: March 2023

Accurate understanding of spatial distribution and variability of soil total nitrogen (TN) is critical for the site-specific nitrogen management. Based on 4337 newly obtained soil observations and 33 covariates, this study applied the random forest (RF) algorithm and modified regression kriging (RF combined with residual kriging: RFK, hereafter) model to spatially predict and map topsoil TN content in agricultural areas of Henan Province, central China. According to the RFK prediction, topsoil TN content ranged from 0.52 to 1.81 g kg−1, and the farmland with the topsoil TN contents of 1.00–1.23 g kg−1 and 0.80–1.23 g kg−1 accounted for 48.2% and 81.2% of the total farmland area, respectively. Spatially, the topsoil TN in the study area was generally higher in the west and lower in the east. By using the Boruta variable selection algorithm, soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium contents in topsoil, nitrogen deposition, average annual precipitation, livestock discharges, and topsoil pH were identified as the main factors driving the spatial distribution and variation of soil TN in the study area. The RF and RFK models used showed the expected performance and achieved acceptable TN prediction accuracy. In comparison, RFK performed slightly better than the RF model. The R2 and RMSE achieved by the RFK model were improved by 4.5% and 4.5%, respectively, compared with that by the RF model. However, the results suggest that RFK was inferior to the RF model in quantifying prediction uncertainty and thus may have a slight disadvantage in model reliability.
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole to Suppress Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Thin Films
Authors: Emad Noor , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Yousif Emad , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: March 2023

Pol(vinyl chloride) or PVC has functional properties that enable its use in many industrial applications. It suffers from aging, however, in harsh conditions (e.g., elevated temperature or high humidity levels) if oxygen is present. One way to enhance the photostability of PVC is to blend it with additives. Thus, thin films were made by mixing PVC with clotrimazole, and five metal oxide (titanium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and nickel oxides) additives. The metal oxides and clotrimazole were added at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% by weight, respectively. The effect of the metal oxide nanoparticles accompanied by clotrimazole on the photodegradation of PVC was then assessed. The results indicated that the additives have a stabilizing effect and protect PVC against photodegradation significantly. The formation of polymeric fragments of small molecular weight containing carbon-carbon double bonds and carbonyl groups was lower in the blends containing metal oxide nanoparticles and clotrimazole than in unblended PVC. Similarly, the decrease in weight was much less for the films blended with additives. Additionally, surface analysis of the irradiated polymeric films showed significantly lower damage in the materials containing additives. The most effective additive in the stabilization of PVC was nickel oxide nanoparticles. The metal oxides are highly alkaline and act as scavengers for the hydrogen chloride produced during the photodegradation of PVC. They additionally act as peroxide decomposers. In contrast, clotrimazole can absorb harmful radiation and act as an ultraviolet absorber due to its heteroatom and aromatic content. Thus, the use of a combination of metal oxide nanoparticles and clotrimazole led to significant improvement in the resistance of PVC toward photodegradation.
3D Printing of Solar Crystallizer with Polylactic Acid/Carbon Composites for Zero Liquid Discharge of High-Salinity Brine
Authors: Yin Qing , Kong Fangong , Wang Shoujuan , Du Jinbao , Pan Ling , Tao Yubo , Li Peng
Published: March 2023

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a technique for treating high-salinity brine to obtain freshwater and/or salt using a solar interface evaporator. However, salt accumulation on the surface of the evaporator is a big challenge to maintaining stable water evaporation. In this study, a simple and easy-to-manufacture evaporator, also called a crystallizer, was designed and fabricated by 3D printing. The photothermal layer printed with polylactic acid/carbon composites had acceptable light absorption (93%) within the wavelength zone of 250 nm–2500 nm. The micron-sized voids formed during 3D printing provided abundant water transportation channels inside the crystallizer. After surface hydrophilic modification, the crystallizer had an ultra-hydrophilic channel structure and gravity-assisted salt recovery function. The results revealed that the angles between the photothermal layers affected the efficacy of solar evaporation and the yield of solid salt. The crystallizer with the angle of 90° between two photothermal layers could collect more solid salt than the three other designs with angles of 30°, 60°, and 120°, respectively. The crystallizer has high evaporation and salt crystallization efficiency in a high-salinity brine environment, which is expected to have application potentials in the zero liquid discharge of wastewater and valuable salt recovery.
Experimental Study of Model Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets Swelling during Heating and Combustion
Authors: Donskoy Igor , Svishchev Denis
Published: March 2023

Composites of sawdust and crushed polyethylene were obtained by pressing at 5–10 atm. The resulting pellets with a size of about 10–20 mm were then burned in airflow in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800 °C. The combustion process was recorded, and obtained video data were analyzed. The data obtained made it possible to estimate the change in particle size at different stages of combustion. An increase in linear dimensions during conversion was achieved of up to 2 times. Particle swelling led to a decrease in mechanical strength and destruction of particles before complete burnout.
Synthesis of MRGO@ZIF-7-Based Molecular Imprinted Polymer by Surface Polymerization for the Fast and Selective Removal of Phenolic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals from Aqueous Environments
Authors: Li Ying , Li Yang , Ding Zhu , Wan Dong , Gao Zhong , Sun Yu , Liu Ying
Published: March 2023

In this study, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O was selected as the metal source, and ZIF-7-modified magnetic graphene-based matrix materials (MRGO@ZIF-7) were prepared by in situ growth. ZIF-7 modified magnetic graphene-based molecular imprinting complexes (MRGO@ZIF7-MIP) were successfully synthesized by a surface molecular imprinting technique using bisphenol A (BPA) as the template molecule. The obtained experimental materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The proper adsorption and selective recognition ability of the MRGO@ZIF7-MIP were studied by an equilibrium adsorption method. The obtained MRGO@ZIF7-MIP showed significant molecular recognition of bisphenol A (BPA) and good selectivity and reproducibility for BPA in different aqueous environments such as drinking water, river water, and lake water. These properties make this material potentially applicable for the efficient removal of phenolic endocrine disruptors in real water environments.
Machine Learning Methods in Skin Disease Recognition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sun Jie , Yao Kai , Huang Guangyao , Zhang Chengrui , Leach Mark , Huang Kaizhu , Yang Xi
Published: March 2023

Skin lesions affect millions of people worldwide. They can be easily recognized based on their typically abnormal texture and color but are difficult to diagnose due to similar symptoms among certain types of lesions. The motivation for this study is to collate and analyze machine learning (ML) applications in skin lesion research, with the goal of encouraging the development of automated systems for skin disease diagnosis. To assist dermatologists in their clinical diagnosis, several skin image datasets have been developed and published online. Such efforts have motivated researchers and medical staff to develop automatic skin diagnosis systems using image segmentation and classification processes. This paper summarizes the fundamental steps in skin lesion diagnosis based on papers mainly published since 2013. The applications of ML methods (including traditional ML and deep learning (DL)) in skin disease recognition are reviewed based on their contributions, methods, and achieved results. Such technical analysis is beneficial to the continuing development of reliable and effective computer-aided skin disease diagnosis systems. We believe that more research efforts will lead to the current automatic skin diagnosis studies being used in real clinical settings in the near future.
Integrated Biobased Processes for Nanocellulose Preparation from Rice Straw Cellulose
Authors: Jirathampinyo Sirirat , Chumchoochart Warathorn , Tinoi Jidapha
Published: March 2023

High-potential nanomaterials were derived from rice straw using the integrated biobased processes of enzymatic hydrolysis with green organic acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication pretreatment. The optimization condition of nanocellulose preparation by enzymatic hydrolysis via central composite design (CCD) achieved a maximum nanocellulose content of 32.37 ± 0.47% using a cellulase concentration of 107.06 U/mL and 0.13% (w/w) of rice straw cellulose. The ultrasonication-assisted pretreatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis improved nanocellulose preparation to 52.28 ± 1.55%. Integration with oxalic acid hydrolysis increased the nanocellulose content to 64.99 ± 0.16%. Granular nanocellulose was obtained and consisted of a 105–825 nm nanosize with a zeta potential value of −34.5 mV, and nanocellulose suspension showed high stability without aggregation. In addition, the remaining rice straw cellulose after oxalic acid was microcrystalline nanocellulose. All prepared nanocellulose represented a functional group as original cellulose but had a low crystallinity index (CrI) of 15.68% that could be classified as amorphous nanocellulose. Based on their characteristics, all nanocellose could be further applied in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the results indicated that the rice straw could be an alternative non-edible cellulose source for preparing potential nanocellulose via a controlled hydrolysis process.
Decomposition Mechanism and Calcination Properties of Small-Sized Limestone at Steelmaking Temperature
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Wang Shuhuan , Li Chenxiao , Sun Huakang , Zhang Yun
Published: March 2023

Limestone with a particle size of less than 5 mm was rapidly calcined in a high-temperature resistance furnace at 1623 K to simulate the conditions of rapid calcination of limestone at ultra-high temperature in a converter. In this study, the decomposition mechanism and calcination characteristics of small-sized limestone at steelmaking temperature were investigated. The study shows that the shrinking sphere or cylinder models with phase boundary reaction were found to be the best representation of limestone kinetic data, and the mechanism function equation is G(α) = 1 − (1 − α)n, n = 1/2 or 1/3. Limestone particles with a size of 0.18–1.0 mm can be quickly calcined to obtain a typical active lime microstructure and a high activity of more than 350 mL, which is the preferred limestone particle size range in the steelmaking process in which limestone powder is injected into the converter.
Optimization of Binary Adsorption of Metronidazole and Sulfamethoxazole in Aqueous Solution Supported with DFT Calculations
Authors: Serna-Carrizales Juan Carlos , Zárate-Guzmán Ana I. , Aguilar-Aguilar Angélica , Forgionny Angélica , Bailón-García Esther , Flórez Elizabeth , Gómez-Durán Cesar F. A. , Ocampo-Pérez Raúl
Published: March 2023

Sulfamethoxazole [SMX] and metronidazole [MNZ] are emergent pollutants commonly found in surface water and wastewater, which can cause public health and environmental issues even at trace levels. An efficient alternative for their removal is the application of adsorption technology. The present work evaluated single and binary adsorption processes using granular activated carbon (CAG F400) for SMX and MNZ in an aqueous solution. The binary adsorption process was studied using a Box–Behnken experimental design (RSD), and the results were statistically tested using an analysis of variance. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling was employed to characterize the interactions between the antibiotics and the CAG F400 surface. For the individual adsorption process, adsorption capacities (qe) of 1.61 mmol g−1 for SMX and 1.10 mmol g−1 for MNZ were obtained. The adsorption isotherm model that best fit experimental data was the Radke–Prausnitz isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism occurs through electrostatic and π-π dispersive interactions. For the binary adsorption process, the total binary adsorption capacity achieved was 1.13 mmol g−1, evidencing competitive adsorption. The significant factors that determine the removal of SMX and MNZ from a binary solution were the solution pH and the initial concentration of antibiotics. From DFT studies, it was found that SMX adsorption on CAG F400 was favored with adsorption energy (Eads) of −10.36 kcal mol−1. Finally, the binary adsorption results corroborated that the adsorption process was favorable for both molecules.
Does Workplace Spirituality Increase Self-Esteem in Female Professional Dancers? The Mediating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital and Team Trust
Authors: Jung Seung-hye
Published: March 2023

Based on the self-transcendence theory and immaturity-maturity theory, this study empirically tested the influence of female professional dancers’ workplace spirituality on positive psychological capital, team trust, and self-esteem. The subjects of this study were female professional dancers. We conducted the surveys in two countries—the United States and the United Kingdom—and ultimately obtained 441 samples. To test the hypotheses, we performed a structural equation model analysis using three statistical programs: SmartPLS, GSCA Pro, and jamovi. (1) The workplace spirituality of female professional dancers showed a statistically significant positive influence on positive psychological capital, team trust, and self-esteem. (2) The positive psychological capital of female professional dancers showed a statistically significant positive influence on team trust and self-esteem. (3) The team trust of female professional dancers showed a statistically significant positive influence on self-esteem (except when using jamovi). This study found that fostering workplace spirituality was paramount for female professional dancers in an organization. Accordingly, we outlined four recommendations for the organizations: (1) convey the importance of the organization’s mission and values to organizational members; (2) increase each organizational member’s decision-making and autonomy; (3) encourage members to cooperate while working in the domains of their specific positions; and (4) discourage members from neglecting their organizational responsibilities and resorting to egoism.