bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Patient with Greater Tuberosity Avulsion Re-Fractures Decreases Kinesiophobia: A Case Report
Authors: Deshmukh Mrinmayee , Mungikar Sanket , Garg Kapil
Published: August 2021

Background: Patients with hyper flexion/hyper abduction injury to the glen humeral joint are at risk for isolated greater tuberosity fractures. There are typically 2 mechanisms of injury for greater tuberosity fractures: impaction and avulsion injury.
Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male patient sustained a shoulder injury as the result of a fall while driving. Left greater tuberosity avulsion fracture was treated with arthroscopic anchor suture ORIF and GT fixation was done. He was then advised physiotherapy and after one and half month, he again fell from stairs which led to an identical fracture on the same side. ORIF with GT fixation with biotape and biowire was done. Physiotherapy treatment was then resumed after 3-4 days. Active assisted range of motion exercises with core activation, isometrics, and strengthening for shoulder joint with scapular muscle was given. Pre and post physiotherapy treatment outcomes for pain, range of motion, muscle strength, disability and kinesiophobia were measured.
Result: After 2 months of physiotherapy treatment, patient reported decrease in pain, TSK score, SPADI score and improvement in shoulder ranges with muscle strength.
Conclusion: Early physiotherapy after surgery for greater tuberosity avulsion fracture decreased pain and kinesiophobia with improvement of range, muscle strength and functional abilities of shoulder joint.

Key words: Greater tuberosity avulsion fracture, Physiotherapy, kinesiophobia.
IMPLEMENTASI LAYANAN UNIT REHABILITASI MENTAL DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Al-Hasni Abdillah , Moita Sulsalman , Tanzil Tanzil
Published: August 2021

Rehabilitasi mental merupakan upaya perbaikan atau pemulihan mental seseorang yang pernah mengalami gangguan kejiwaan agar kembali kepada kondisi awal sebagai manusia seutuhnya dan dapat diterima kembali di tengah masyarakat. Kegiatan proses rehabilitasi mental dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahap yaitu: tahap persiapan, tahap penempatan/penyaluran dan tahap pengawasan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Implementasi Layanan Unit Rehabilitasi Mental di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni Tahun 2019 di Unit Rehabilitasi Mental Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Informan dalam penelitian ini ada tiga orang yaitu kepala ruangan unit rehabilitasi mental Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Perawat serta Pasien rehabilitasi mental dipandang dapat memberikan informasi yang memadai. Pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini penulis lakukan secara Purposive Sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Di dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarakan hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan menunjukkan bahwa layanan unit rehabilitasi mental di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara masih kurang optimal disebabkan kurangnya tenaga rehabilitasi sehingga proses seleksi pasien rehabilitasi sering tertunda, sarana prasarana serta fasilitas belum memadai, ketersediaan anggaran yang masih terbatas, belum adanya kerjasam antara RS Jiwa Prov. Sultra dan dinas sosial terkait penempatan pasien ketika pasien kembali ke RS Jiwa karena penyakitnya kambuh kembali dan pelayanan pengawasan pasien sebahagian tidak dilaksanakan secara bertahap karena keterbatasan akses kunjungan pasien yang jauh tempat tinggalnya.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BEASISWA BIDIK MISI DALAM MEMBANTU AKSES PENDIDIKAN MAHASISWA TIDAK MAMPU (Studi pada Mahasiswa Penerima Bidik Misi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari)
Authors: Sandri Sandri , Upe Ambo , Jabar Aryuni Salpiana
Published: August 2021

Tujuan  penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk   mengetahui  implementasi  program beasiswa bidik misi dalam membantu akses pendidikan mahasiswa kurang mampu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dimana teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa penerima bidik misi angkatan 2016 dan 2017 fakultas ilmu sosial dan ilmu politik universitas halu oleo kendari serta penggurus bidik misi universitas halu oleo kendari. Hasil penelitian Implementasi program beasiswa bidik misi dalam membantu akses pendidikan mahasiswa kurang mampu meliputi 1). Pendanaan, Dana Bidikmisi yang diserahkan  kepada  Mahasiswa adalah  Rp.  6.000.000,00/semester melalui rekening yang telah ditetapkan masing – masing Perguruan Tinggi dan diberikan lansung kepada mahasiswa penerima beasiswa bidikmisi. 2). Pembinaan, pengeloa bidik misi seacara aktif melakukan pembinaan kepada mahasiswa penerima bidik misi   pembinaan yang dilakukan pengelola bidik misi dilalakukan seacara intensif untuk mahasiswa baru dari semester satu sampai dan memasuki semester 3 sampai 8 pembinaan diserahkan kepada masing-masing program studi dan juga mahasiswa semester 3 sampai 8 tetap dilakukan kontrol pembinaan oleh pengelola bidik misi. 3). Penghentian bantuan, mahasiswa yang melanggar tata tertib bidik misi dapat dikeluarkan dan digantinkan oleh mahasiswa lain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Implementasi program beasiswa bidik misi di universitas halu oleo kendari telah terlaksana dengan baik dan bisa membantu mahasiswa kurang mampu untuk melanjutkan studi diperguruan tinggi.
DAMPAK PELAYANAN LEMBAGA KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL ANAK (LKSA) TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK ASUH DI PANTI ASUHAN AMALIYAH POASIA KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Nasir Siti Jumarsih , Supiyah Ratna , Jabar Aryuni Salpiana
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pelayanan Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) terhadap perkembangan anak asuh di Panti Asuhan Amaliyah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Kendari tepatnya di Jalan Banteng Anduonohu Lama Kelurahan Anduonohu Kecamatan Poasia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pengamatan (observasi), wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini dianalisis. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan deskriptif kualitatif dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulan dari data yang diperoleh melalui informan yang relevan dengan penelitian.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dampak pelayanan Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) terhadap perkembangan anak asuh di panti asuhan Amaliyah Poasia Kota Kendari, dimana peneliti mengambil 4 (empat) aspek perkembangan yang terdiri dari; perkembangan emosi, perkembangan sosial, perkembangan moral, dan perkembangan kesadaran beragama. Dari pelayanan yang diberikan berdampak positif terhadap empat aspek perkembangan anak.
BENTUK INTERVENSI GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MENANGANI SISWA BERMASALAH (Studi di SMA Negeri 1 Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah)
Authors: Aisa Wa , Bauto La Ode Monto , Tawulo Megawati Asrul
Published: August 2021

Penelitian Ini  Bertujuan Untuk Mengetahui Faktor Penyebab Siswa Yang Bermasalah Di SMA Negeri 1 Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah Dan Untuk Mengetahui Bentuk Intervensi Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling Dalam Menangani Siswa Bermasalah  Di SMA Negeri 1 Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripstif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi,wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan informan sebanyak 12 orang Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukan bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan siswa bermasalah di Sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. faktor internal yaitu (1) sikap terhadap belajar siswa (2) motivasi belajar siswa.(3) kosentrasi belajar,(4)kemampuan berprestasi. (5) rasa percaya diri siswa sangat minim terutama dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh guru. faktor ekternal yaitu: (1) keluarga broken home, kebanyakan dari siswa yang bermasalah disebabkan oleh keluarga yang tidak harmonis lagi, yang dimana siswa masih membutuhkan kasih sayang dan perhatian dari kedua orang tuanya. (2) rendahnya tingkat pendidikan  orang tua, (3) Lingkung Sosial. (4) Bentuk Intervensi Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling Dalam Menangani Siswa Bermasala yaitu dengan melakukan konseling individu dan konseling kelompok yang dilakukan oleh guru bimbingan kornseling dalam penyelesaian masalah dimana guru BK melihat permasalahan siswa yang sama dan dikumpulkan dalam satu ruangan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang mereka hadapi dengan pemberian motivasi terhadap siswa.
Quantitative Assessment of Oral Hygiene Habits of 12-15 years old school children of Hayatabad Peshawar: Pilot study
Authors: Salleh Khan Sami , Muhammad Khan Iqra , Nazir Arbab Kanwal
Published: August 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral hygiene habits of school children aged 12 to 15 years.Materials and methods: A pilot study with a cross sectional study design was conducted to assess the oral hygiene habits. Atotal of 125 school children aged 12-15 years participated in the study. A written informed consent was obtained from the schooland participants before participation in the study. An interviewer-administered calibrated questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was statistically analyzed with SPSS version 25 and descriptive statistics were used to present data.Results: Out of the total, majority of participants were of aged 12 years (45%) followed by 13(33%), 14(17%) and 15(6%),respectively with equal gender distribution. Nearly half of school children brushed their teeth frequently twice a day (46%),almost 37.6% brushed once a day and one-tenth of children did not brush their teeth at all. Almost three-quarter of childrenbrushed before (38%) and after (35%) breakfast. Forty-nine percent of children preferred soft bristled toothbrush, while 28%  used medium type and 23% used hard bristled toothbrush for cleaning teeth, respectively. Majority of school children usedtoothpaste as cleaning agent (87%).All the children changed their toothbrushes with highest percentage changing after onemonth (84%). Majority children (84%) never flossed their teeth. More children had never visited dentist than those who visited.Conclusion: Children had limited oral health knowledge which was reason for their unsatisfactory oral hygiene habits.
The Impact of Person-Job Fit, Person-Organization Fit on Job Satisfaction
Authors: Shah Sheeraz , Ayub Mehlab
Published: August 2021

It has been observed in many organizations that some employees feel unsatisfied with their work, the justification behind the dissatisfaction could be due to various reasons such as skills and abilities of an employee if not match with the job or task requirements or the work assigned is not according to individual capabilities. As far as the previous studies are concerned, it is revealed that person job fit, and person organization fit have a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction. Thus, in this regard, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between person-job fit, and person-organization fit on job satisfaction. To gather the primary data, a questionnaire was adopted from previous similar published studies. The data were collected from employees working at Aspin Pharma, a pharmaceutical company in Karachi, Pakistan. The total number of study sample was 313 employees out of which 173 useable responses were employed for data analyses. In addition, this research study has adopted a descriptive survey design, and which utilized primary data to obtain information on the study variables. The method of the research is mono method, and the examination of the study is based in quantitative research through descriptive statistics to measure the multi-dimension of employee satisfaction, person job fit, and person organization fit. To conclude, the result reveals that Person Job Fit as well as Person Organization Fit have a significant relationship with job satisfaction. The study findings will be useful for managerial decision makers to improve person job and organization fit dimensions in their organization to enhance employee satisfaction and work productivity.
Six Sigma Practices on The Perceived Betterment of Organization Performance
Authors: Siddiqui Taimoor , Iqbal Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2021

Six Sigma has become a leading business improvement methodology which has been successfully applied in a wide range of businesses. In so doing, companies focus on systematically creating value and reducing and removing waste (the lean element of the approach) whilst employing Six Sigma to focus on and to eradicate the Critical to Quality (CTQ) issues that affect an organization. The research strategy of this paper is survey method and primary data was gathered from supply chain and quality enhancement departments of selected Six Sigma companies n Karachi, Pakistan through structured questionnaires. This paper indicates that the performance of the company becomes highly reliable, reduced cost, eliminate wastages, and improve quality by the adaption of Six-Sigma practices. The study also reported that the continuous improvement is also playing a mediating role when we consider Company’s performance as dependent variable and cost reduction, Quality betterment and eliminate wastages as independent variables.
Influential Factors of Existing Physical Education Curriculum at Degree Level: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Roman Sohail , Saba Mehreen
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of the study was to assess the influential factors of existing physical education curriculum at degree level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study consisted of the population, twenty-seven (27) physical education teachers and Five Hundred & Thirteen (513) physical education students, which were selected from Nine (09) randomly selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Survey technique was followed for the collection of required information. Appropriate questionnaire on Likert scale ranging from very much (VM) to Not at all (NAA) was developed and used after pilot testing checked through respondents of sampled colleges adopting a Cronbach’s Alpha method of reliability. The responses of the respondents were supported by (SPSS), version 24.0. Statistical techniques like, Independent sample t-test, regression and ANOVA were applied for analyses of collected data. It has also been found that factors like class size, daily schedule/time table, available infrastructure and teachers’ competency have significant influence upon teaching health and physical education. Based upon the findings, the researcher recommended that college administrator in collaboration with director colleges may bring manageable class size, allot adequate time for health and physical education classes, and provide required infrastructural facilities to impart the teaching experiences, observation and skills in a satisfying manner.
Gauging the Effect of Job Enrichment on Employee Performance with the Mediating Role of Employee Motivation: Evidence from Private Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Haroon Ayesha , Shakil Tajjali
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to classify the effect of job enrichment on employee performance. Job enrichment has a fundamental tool of employee motivation for enhancing the performance of employee. The main objective is to motivate the employee by gauging the job enrichment effects on employee performance thus focuses on effect of job enrichment on job performance through motivation on employee performance. The study uses quantitative approach and use descriptive as well as inferential analysis through SPSS & SMART PLS.
Analyzing the Determinants of Employee Retention: A Case of Pharmaceutical Companies in Pakistan
Authors: Asif Anum , Gul Nayab
Published: August 2021

Employee retention could be a crucial issue within the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. As of now workplace and workers both are influenced at the same time with this genuine issue. Therefore there is a need of research to retain the assets of the company. The main cause of the following research is to demonstrate the factors which influence the employee retention. The variables we are using are job satisfaction, salary & rewards, career development & superior support. Sample size of the study was 250 out of 250 questionnaires was filled by 214 employees in which 89.0% were male and 11.0% were females of different pharmaceutical firms of Pakistan. In this we use quantitative research the study is based on mono method research. The collected primary data has been analysed through SPSS & Smart PLS and correlational analysis. If the result of the study is been concluded so it has been shown that all the variables have significant relationship and alternative hypothesis are accepted.

As a result the uniqueness of the research study is also significant which shows that working on their talented people (employees) and to keep them satisfying is important for the productivity of organization. The study has different indication as it has given new ways to the pharmaceutical sector to retain their employees and reduce the cost of hiring by retention.
English and Chinese as a foreign language at institutional level in Pakistan: Teaching methods and Strategies
Authors: Aisha Ilyas  , Tahir Arslan , Tagga Muhammad Ismail
Published: August 2021

The study focuses on discovering what approach Pakistani teachers are taking with regard to Chinese and English language teaching and can it promote language learning in the manner they teach? The current study explores numerous styles of teaching approaches and teaching techniques that Chinese and English teachers find to be successful in teaching a language class. This thesis primarily pursued quantitative analysis methodology. The survey approach was primarily used to gather data as defined and quantified by SPSS 23 statistical tools. In data analysis, the researcher uses descriptive statistics to examine and interpret results, obtained by questionnaires. This study's sample contained both Chinese and English students at the institutional level. In specific, for data gathering, a total of 80 respondents were approached from the Faisalabad district. The targeted respondents answered a questionnaire structured in the framework of the Likert scale. The results suggest that English students were considered to be active learners, whereas Chinese students deemed passive learners. This study demonstrates that institutes and organizations of Chinese and English languages need various modifications or changes, on applicable linguistic views regarding language instruction in Pakistan.
Keywords: FLT, teaching methods, teaching strategies, Chinese language, English language.
In silico screening of FDA approved drugs predicts the therapeutic potentials of Antibiotic drugs against the papain like protease of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Kancharla Sudhakar , Kumar Jena Manoj
Published: August 2021

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona Virus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) has happened in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing worldwide. In the absence of specific drugs against COVID-19, the fast and reliable choice would be repurposing of existing drugs. Here, we have chosen one of the crucial enzymes of the SARS-CoV-2, Papain like protease (PLpro) and its mutant C111S for the structure-based in-silico screening of the FDA approved drugs. Firstly, the alignment of the wild type and mutant PLpro was done, and no significant change in the global structure was observed. Then based on the docking study, we have reported the best 3 compounds against a mutant and wild type PLpro. These lead compounds include amikacin and mafenide, which are well-known antibiotics. The binding affinity, as well as number of polar and non-polar interactions, indicates their potential against the PLpro. This computational study strongly suggests the experimental validations of the predicted compounds for a confident claim.
Exploring the effect of Naringenin against Cadmium Induced Neurotoxicity in mice model
Authors: Srivastava Agrima , Awasthi Himani , Srivastava Dipti , Fatima Zeeshan , Srivastava Vivek
Published: August 2021

Bioactive flavonoid Naringenin has very high nutritional value. Several investigations suggested that supplementation of this bioactive flavonoid is beneficial for health. Naringenin have been found in variety of herbs and fruits which are used for daily consumption like citrus species, tomatoes and figs. This study aimed to explore the effect of flavonoid naringenin on oxidative damage, memory impairment and cholinergic dysfunction induced by Cadmium chloride (5mg/kg p.o) in mice. In this experiment naringenin (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) was given orally for the duration of 28 days in Swiss mice. Memory function was assessed by using elevated plus maze test and morris water maze. Cholinergic function and oxidative stress were estimated in brain homogenate after behavioral study. It was found that naringenin improved memory impairment in cadmium chloride treated mice. Naringenin increases the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreases the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain, helps in memory improvement and decrease oxidative stress.
Introduction of an Innovative approach for Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Febuxostat by using LC-ESI-MS/MS in Human Plasma
Authors: Das Dibya , Halder Dhiman , Sekhar Maji Himangshu , Kumar De Pintu , Saha Sudipta , Singh Navjot , Kumar Pal Tapan
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present work is to develop and validate an accurate, sensitive, rapid, precise, and simple bioanalytical method for estimation of Febuxostat in human plasma by using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The method was developed by gradient elution technique with the combination of the mobile phase as 0.1% Formic Acid in Milli-Q water and 0.1% Formic Acid in Acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5ml/min. The Analyte and IS (Tolbutamide) were separated by a C18 Phenomenex Kinetex (50x3mm, 5µ) column. The chromatographic run time was 7.0 minutes. The plasma extraction was done by a simple protein precipitation technique (PPT). The LOD and LLOQ were found to be 6.25ng/ml and 125ng/ml, respectively. The extraction recovery of the drug from plasma was more than 90%. The validation parameters were found within the range, as mentioned by USFDA and EMA guidelines.
Biochemical Characterization of CTX-M-15 ESβL purified from clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae SJ16
Authors: Yassen Layla T. , Hamed Saad L. , Abdulsattar Ban O. , Hussein Asmaa A.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was purification and characterization of CTX-M-15 as a medically important enzyme from locally Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate, CTX-M-15 enzyme was subjected to two purification steps including: precipitation with 80% ammonium sulfate saturation and gel filtration chromatography by using Sepharose -6B column. Specific activity of purified enzyme has been increment up to 21.9 IU/mg with 7.3 purification folds and 69% enzyme recapture. Characterization study of purified enzyme demonstrated that the M.wt. of CTX-M-15 produced by K. pneumoniae was almost 32.2 kDa. The maximal enzyme activity at (pH 7.0), and enzyme settled at pH 6-7. The enzyme also revealed a full activity at a range of temperature between 30-37oC. Enzyme activity has inhibited powerfully in the existence of EDTA and calcium chloride, when added separately at a constant concentration. Moreover, copper chloride, and ferric chloride also caused a strong inhibition to the enzyme activity while cloxacillin showed a minor effect on enzyme activity.
Study of Antiulcer activity of a hydrogel based on chitosan
Authors: Buzlama Anna , Doba Solaiman , Daghir Sali , Evgenija Leonidovna Karpova , Balloul Ghadee
Published: August 2021

In this study, the antiulcer activity of a gel based on high-viscosity chitosan was studied in models of NSAID and ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis. To simulate damage to the gastric mucosa in the NSAID model, diclofenac sodium was administered to experimental animals at a dose of 50mg/kg. An antiseptic intestinal and astringent agent was chosen as reference drug: bismuth tripotassium dicitrate at a dose of 0.017g/kg. The studied gel was used in 3 doses (0.08, 0.16 and 0.24ml/100g of body weight). In ethanol model, ulcers were induced by a single administration of ethanol 96% at a dose of 5ml/kg. Omeprazole at a dose of 20mg/kg was used as reference drug in this model. Chitosan-based gel was administrated in this model at a dose of 0.16ml per 100g of animals, which corresponds to the minimum available dose with antiulcer activity in the NSAID model. All investigated substances were injected intragastrically using a gastric tube. As a result of this research, it was found that the chitosan-based gel is effective in the NSAID gastropathy model but not effective in the ethanol model. In the NSAID gastropathy model, after a single oral administration of chitosan-based gel at doses of 0.16 and 0.24ml/ 100g, sufficient antiulcer activity was revealed, which was 2.4 and 4.694, respectively, and exceeded the effect of the reference drug, bismuth tripotassium dicitrate. In the ethanol model, the results of experimental studies showed that the reference drug, omeprazole, provides antiulcer activity with a calculated value of the antiulcer activity index of 2.18. After the administration of a chitosan-based gel at a dose of 0.16 ml per 100g of body weight of animals, compared with the control, the calculated value of antiulcer activity was 1.18, which characterizes the absence of an antiulcer effect.
In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Mitotic Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extract of Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark and Leaves) using Allium cepa Roots
Authors: Gogia Nishita , D Anandhi , G Kanaga , K Revathi
Published: August 2021

The scope of the present study was to evaluate the In-vitro biological potential of Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf). We investigated the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) by studying anti-mitotic activity An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-mitotic activity of silver nanoparticles using Allium cepa roots. The mitotic index of the root tips meristem was calculated and compared with the standard methotrexate. Antimitotic activity results shows the mitotic index was ranged from 30-40%. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorato, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) possess significant anti-mitotic activity.
Study the Polymerization Kinetics of Polyaniline by UV-Vis and HPLC and Determination of the Thermodynamic Functions using Coats-Redfern Equation from TGA Curves
Authors: Alghdir Juhaina , Falah Ahmad , Hamo Sameh
Published: August 2021

This study includes the preparation of the polyaniline at the laboratory temperature in an acidic medium. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of Polyaniline shows smooth surface and uniform nanoparticles formation with diameters of 56.4 to 90 nm. The polymerization of polyaniline kinetics was studied with two methods: UV-Vis, HPLC. Then the polymerization of polyaniline reaction order was determined and it was the zero-order reaction (n=0) in both of the previous two methods. The study of thermal dissociation indicates the temporal stability of chemicals, and study the decomposition kinetics to determine the thermodynamic functions of material disintegration. There are many methods use mathematical equations applied to TGA to study this phenomenon. The thermodynamic functions of the prepared polymers such as (G*, S*, H*) were determined based on Coats-Redfern equation from TGA curves of the compounds at each step of the disintegration.
Phytochemical Analysis of Couropita guianesis Aubl of Leaves
Authors: R. Patil Shweta , S. Satpute Savita , S. Patil Shitalkumar
Published: August 2021

Couroupita guianensis Aubl is also called as “Cannon ball tree”. The tree has enormous medicinal values since most of the parts like leaves; flower, fruits and stem are used as medicine to cure various diseases. During the last few decades it has been observed that there are numerous reports on anti-inflammatory activity, antiulcer activity, anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, anthelminthic activity of this plant. It is enriched with a number of compounds such as oils, ketosteroids, glycosides, courouptine, indirubin, isatin and phenolic substances. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals alkaloids, phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Studies reveal that C. guianensis. Aubl. Is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects.
Method Development and Validation to Estimate Sofosbuvir in Marketed preparation by UV-Spectroscopy and HPLC along with force Degradation Study
Authors: A. Bhairav Bhushan , J. Chavan Machindra
Published: August 2021

Simple, swift, selective and accurate UV and HPLC methods were developed and validated for estimation of sofosbuvir in bulk and marketed preparation. In the UV spectroscopy method mobile phase used was methanol in 70:30 ratio with a detection wavelength of 260nm and the assay value obtained was 99.36%. The method was validated as stated by ICH in Q2 R1 guidelines in which linearity was detected from 06-30µg/ml range with regression value of 0.999. In the accuracy, precision and robustness studies RSD were below 2%. In HPLC method, Cosmosil C18 (250mm×4.6ID, Particle size: 5µ) column was utilized with methanol: water (70:30) as mobile phase, 0.9ml/min of flow rate, 260nm detection wavelength for estimation of sofosbuvir. Assay value obtained using this optimized parameters was 99.77% with the time of retention of around 4.3 minutes. HPLC method was also validated as stated by ICH in Q2 R1 guidelines in which linearity was noticed to be in the span of 10-50µg/ml with 0.999 of regression coefficient. LOD and LOQ values of the optimized method were 0.5764 and 1.7468µg/ml. In the accuracy, precision, robustness studies the value of RSD was under 2%. The optimized HPLC method was also utilized for the force degradation study, in which it was found that sofosbuvir is susceptible to oxidative, acid, alkaline, photolytic and thermal degradation. From this study it can be concluded that the developed methods can be employed in the routine analysis for sofosbuvir estimation in bulk and marketed preparation and also to determine degradation of drug.
Design and Evaluation of Acyclovir Niosomes
Authors: Rao A. Anka , Arvapalli Swarupa , Koteswara Rao G. S. N. , Malothu Narender. , Bandaru Naga Raju.
Published: August 2021

The current study aims to formulate and evaluate acyclovir loaded niosomes for sustained release of acyclovir. Stable Acyclovir loaded Niosomes can be prepared by hand shaking method and ether injection method with Span 80 and cholesterol in the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. Preformulation studies and drug excipients compatibility studies was done initially and results directed the further course of formulation. Most of the vesicles are spherical in shape, the size range of the vesicles, fall in the narrow size range of 0.5-5 and 0.5-2.5 by hand shaking method and ether injection method respectively. A high % of Acyclovir can be encapsulated in the vesicles (75-84%) prepared by hand shaking method. Concentration of non-ionic surfactant such as Span 80 might influences the drug release pattern of all formulation. In vitro release of Acyclovir from niosomes was very slow when compared to the release from pure Acyclovir solution. Drug release studies showed that the niosomal preparation was stable at refrigeration temperature (40C). The vesicles prepared by hand shaking method were found to be larger in size as compared to vesicles prepared by ether injection method. Almost constant drug release was observed in all formulations indicating zero order release pattern.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cissus quadrangularis on Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Kapadia Salman , Kanase Vanita
Published: August 2021

Background: Cissus quadrangularis has been used for cure of various ailments that includes bone cracks, frail bones (osteoporosis), scurvy, malignant growth, annoyed stomach, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer sickness, excruciating menstrual periods, asthma, jungle fever (malaria), and mental distress. Specially it is used for bone healing properties. According to this background, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (EECQ) in different behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) on mice after two weeks treatment. Methods: Mice were divided into six groups (n=6/group): control group (normal saline), stress control (normal saline), standard group where Imipramine (15mg/kg) was used as standard drug and three test groups where three doses of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) (100, 250, and 350mg/kg) was used for two weeks treatment. All the medication and test samples were managed by means of gavage through oral course. To evaluate the antidepressant like impact of EECQ forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) have been done in mice. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that a solid and dose-dependent antidepressant effects in various mice models. The main findings of the EECQ significantly decreased the duration of immobility times in the forced swimming test (p<0.5). Likewise, the extract significantly decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test (p<0.5) when compared against stress control as well as against imipramine which was used as a standard. Conclusion: The present results clearly demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis possesses antidepressant-like activity in the animal behavioral models. Cissus quadrangularis plant can be used for the treatment of neurological disorders and may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.
Standardization of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of Strychnous nux vomica with the help of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its Toxicological action
Authors: B. Sharma Dharmendra , Aphale Parth , Sinnarkar Vineet , Chitlange Sohan S. , Thomas Asha
Published: August 2021

Background: Chromatography is one of the important laboratory technique in which the components of a mixture are separated on an adsorbent in order to analyze, identify, purify and quantify a mixture. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography is a sophisticated and automated form of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The procedure simultaneously processes the sample and standard that results in better analytical precision and accuracy at a faster pace. Pharmacological/ Toxicological action of Nux Vomica is because of its active principles present in the seeds namely strychnine, brucine etc. This research paper aims to corelate the active principles present in Nux Vomica with the toxicological action of the same. Materials and Methods: 1. Standard Nux Vomica mother tincture was tested for its alkaloid markers and its correlation with the toxicological action was studied. 2. Analysis of the mother tincture was done using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. Stationary phase consisted of TLC Aluminium sheets with silica gel 60 F253 pre-coated layer (20cm x 10cm), thickness-0.2mm, no. of tracks-18, band length-6mm. 4. Mobile Phase consisted of Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5). 5. The plate was developed in developing chamber and observed under U.V. Light. Results: Colours seen on the HPTLC Plates of samples are greenwhich corresponds to strychnine, dark blue which corresponds to brucine, orange to alkaloids fluorescent green to sterols and pink to fatty acids which are evident on the chromatogram. Conclusion: Therapeutic action of Nux Vomica as noted in Homoeopathic Materia Medica is because of the active principles like strychnine, brucine, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids present in it which is evident from the chromatogram.
Haplotype Network Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree Construction of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Isolated from Tuban, Indonesia
Authors: Nurtjahyani Supiana Dian , Taufiq Probojati Rasyadan , Muhammad Ansori Arif Nur , Amin Mochammad , Handajani Retno
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to analyzed the haplotype network and constructed the phylogenetic tree topology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Tuban, Indonesia and those from other countries, to determine the visualize genealogical relationship and inference about gene connected. The HCV isolates were collected from blood transfusion center of Tuban, East Java, Indonesia in 2015 and as a comparison, also the sequences of HCV isolates were retrieved from the GenBank®, National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), USA database. To constructed of distribution map was performed through median joining analysis using Haplotype Network v4.6, whereas to constructed and phylogenetic model analyses were constructed based on the NS5B and 5’UTR regions using MEGA X, maximum-likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model. In the HCV NS5B region haplotype network showed high haplotype diversity (Hd=1.00) in 22 haplotypes. Based on phylogenetic analysis 3 sample isolates Tuban (BDT-55-p23, BDT-79-p23 and BDT-112-p23) were identified one group and closely related to isolates from Indonesia. However, isolates Tuban also have the same sequence characters as the isolates from Thailand. It was also confirmed in haplotype network that the three isolates are connected to each other. The identification of HCV genotypes circulating in blood donors in the Tuban of East Java confirmed were closely related to HCV isolates from Indonesia and Thailand. Therefore, this result might contribute in a better medical management towards HCV.
Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanol Fraction of Tectona grandis (Linn) Bark in Experimental Rat Models
Authors: Mishra Bishwanath , M. Kar Durga , Maharana Laxmidhar , Dash Sujit , P. Mishra Ganesh
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a now a major global health problem and its incidence is increasing day by day in whole world. There are various medicinal plants in India those possess antidiabetic property which are traditionally used in management of diabetes. Tectona grandis Linn. (TG) plant belonging to family Verbenaceae is medicinally reported and claims to cure various diseases in Indian traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda) and also in folklore. The purpose of this present study is to examine the hypoglycemic potential of methanol fractions (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight) of Tectona grandis bark (MFTG) from defatted hydro-alcoholic extract in normoglycemic, streptozotocin induced (45mg.kg‒1) diabetic and glucose loaded hyperglycemic rats by single and multiple oral administration in comparison to standard drug Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Initially acute oral toxicity study of MFTG was carried out in rats to estimate the dose for animal study. The study report showed that the MFTG (200mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) reduces blood glucose level both in normoglycemic and diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin and oral glucose loaded methods till the end of 8 hour and 3hour respectively during the single dose study and from the 15th day to 30th day in multi dose study. Hence the present study reveals that MFTG possess significant hypoglycemic activity which inspires the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Prescription Pattern of Antipsychotics Polypharmacy in patients with Schizophrenia in an Indian Hospital
Authors: Mathew Vinod K , Gnana Sam Kishore , Milton Beulah , Kumar Das Amit
Published: August 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is a burdensome illness which virtually affects all aspects of the patient’s life. There is a lack of national level data from India on prescription pattern of Antipsychotics Polypharmacy and other drugs combination in the treatment of Schizophrenia. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate Prescription pattern of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in schizophrenia. Methodology: The medication records of patients admitted from August 2006 to May 2007 were reviewed to evaluate the prescription pattern of antipsychotics poly pharmacy, Demography of the patients like age, sex, were also evaluated. Results: The medical records of 139 schizophrenic patients were reviewed, out of 139 patients 30.93% (n = 43) patients received combination therapy. In combination therapy 28.77% (n=40) were prescribed two antipsychotics and 0.007% (n= 3) were prescribed three antipsychotic drugs. The average age was 34.4±11.9 years. F 20.0 Paranoid schizophrenia received maximum prescriptions for combination therapy 18.71% (n=26). Comparison of adjunct medication showed Anxiolytics and Anticholinergics 17.26% (n=25) received maximum prescriptions for combination therapy A total of 20.86% (n=29) received combination of Second Generation Antipsychotics SGA + First Generation Antipsychotics FGA, maximum patients 18 was in the combination of Haloperidol + Resperidone. Conclusion: The present study revealed an increasing trend of polypharmacy among schizophrenia patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. The present study demonstrate the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy is relatively low in India
Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium caryophyllatum L.
Authors: Raj Rohit , K. S Chandrashekar. , Pai Vasudev
Published: August 2021

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. is a small tree or large shrub grow widely mainly in the tropical area. It is native to India and China. S. caryophyllatum L. belonging to the family Myrtaceae is taken for screening antimicrobial activity. Ethanolic extract of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum was screened for antibacterial activity using Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity of ethanolic extract was good when compared to Ampicillin. The antimicrobial activity was determined by Agar diffusion method and also MIC technique. From the result it was found that ethanolic extract of the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum exhibited good antibacterial activity against these gram +ve and gram –ve microorganisms.
A Novel Pulsatile Release Film Coated Tablet of Zaltoprofen Loaded SNEDDS
Authors: Kalamkar Rajan , Wadher Shailesh , Jain Ashish
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study was to formulate pulsatile release film coated tablet of zaltoprofen for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Initially solubility of zaltoprofen was enhanced by formulating self emulsifying fast disintegrating tablet of zaltoprofen. Core fast disintegrating tablet of zaltoprofen was coated with ethyl cellulose and eudragit L100 in various proportions as coating polymer. Ethanol was used as coating solvent and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Film coated tablet with different coating levels were formulated and were evaluated for parameters like lag time, rupture time, in vitro dissolution etc. Amongst the nine different formulations P-4 formulation containing 3:1 ratio of ethyl cellulose and eudragit L100 with 5% coating level gives desired lag time with best drug dissolution profile. Formulated film coated tablet of zaltoprofen can be useful for chronotherapeutic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Phytopharmacognostical and Chromatographic Evaluation of Leaves of Launaea procumbens
Authors: Charadva Brijesh , Ghataliya Urvashi , Meena Pooja , Karia Krishna , Lakhlani Tixa , Savalia Vaibhavi , Pandya Devang
Published: August 2021

Launaea procumbens leaves are galactagogue, diuretic, antifungal, anorexic, anti-arthritic and hepatoprotective according to Ayurvedic texts as well as modern research. Launaea species, particularly L. pinnatifida, is mentioned as one of the sources of Gojihva, regarding which there is controversy with respect to its true botanical identity. However, no detailed anatomical, phytochemical or chromatographic investigation is available for leaf of L. procumbens which can differentiate it from L. pinnatifida. The aim of this work is to develop standardization parameters of L. procumbens leaves by performing its pharmacognostical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC and GC-MS fingerprints. Pharmacognostic investigation of the leaves was performed by its morphological study, qualitative and quantitative microscopy as well as powder microscopy. Extraction of leaves was done by maceration using methanol. This extract was used for preliminary phytochemical screening and chemoprofiling by GC-MS, as well as for developing its HPTLC fingerprint. A mobile phase system was developed by pilot TLC, following which an HPTLC fingerprint was performed using the solvent system chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate (3:7:6). Diagnostic microscopic characters identified in powder include unicellular covering trichome, xylem vessels, anomocytic stomata, and prisms of calcium oxalate crystal. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytoconstituents classes like phenolics, anthraquinones, saponin glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenoids and flavonoids. HPTLC fingerprinting detected 6 peaks with Rf 0.25, 0.37, 0.41, 0.50, 0.65, 0.78 at 254nm and 4 peaks with Rf 0.32, 0.37, 0.50, 0.66 at 366nm. GC-MS fingerprint revealed presence of propanoic acid anhydride, valeric anhydride, 2- Pyrrolidine acetic acid, phthalan, 5- (Hydroxy methyl)-2-(dimethoxy methyl) furan, vanillin, methyl β-l-Arabino pyranoside, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Gluco pyranose and 6-Methyl-2-Heptanone, 6-(3,5-dimethyl-2-furanyl). Present study will be very useful for herbal industry in differentiating Launaea procumbens from other species of the genus Launaea, particularly L. pinnatifida (Gojihva) as well as for authentication, standardization and detection of adulteration in the leaf formulations of Launaea procumbens.
Qualitative Analysis of Ethanolic extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) by Gas Chromatography Triple Quad Time-Flight (GC-Q-TOF) Technology
Authors: Mohammed K.A.A , Wasfy A.A.F , Bazalou M. S
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out to identify of the chemical constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc), forty-eight compounds of ethanolic sonicated extract were identified by Gas Chromatography Triple Quad Time-Flight (GC-Q-TOF) analysis. Nineteen of these compounds existed studies on their biological activity, The main components were Zingiberone (4.12%) ,[10]-Shogaol(2.47%),Methyldiacetoxy-[6]gingerdiol(4.30%),[6]-Gingerdiol3,5 diacetate(7.77%), [6]-Gingerdiol (2E)-geranial acetal (2.76%), Campesterol (1.52%), Stigmasterol(1.71%),γ-Sitosterol(4.46%),10S,11S-Himachala-3(12),4 diene(3.57%), Cubebol(2.01%), 3α,9β-Dihydroxy-3,5α,8 trimethyltricyclo[6.3.1.0(1,5)]dodecane(2.24%),8-Amino-2,6 dimethoxylepidine(2.13%),17α-Ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-5β-estran-3-one(2.50%), Tributyl aconitate(2.34%), Ethyl 3,4-dimethoxy-N-(3-phthalimidopropionyl)-dl phenylalaninate (3.90%), Podocarpa-1,8,11,13-tetraen-3-one, 14-isopropyl-1,13-dimethoxy (12.51%), 2,4-Diamino-5,6-decamrthylenethieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine(3.65%) and trans-1-(p-(Methylthio)phenyl)-1-dodecen-3-one(6.68%). also minor compounds were present. From this result, it could be concluded that ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) contains various bioactive compounds which have various biological activities. Therefore, it is recommended as a plant of therapeutic importance.