bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mídia E Política Externa Brasileira: Uma Abordagem Crítica
Authors: Da Nóbrega Monteiro Eduardo , Leite Lessa Mônica
Published: June 2020

Este artigo abordará a relação entre a mídia e a política externa brasileira em momentos de crise regional. Para tanto, as narrativas de liderança brasileira, construídas pela Mídia nacional– no caso, jornal o Globo – sobre a região da América do Sul serão retratadas em quatro momentos de crise diferentes, mas com dois países apenas: Bolívia e Venezuela. As crises são: (i) na tentativa de golpe de Estado na Venezuela, em 2002; (ii) durante a nacionalização dos hidrocarbonetos bolivianos, em 2006; (iii) a vinda do senador boliviano Roger Pinto, em 2013; e (iv) a suspensão da Venezuela no Mercosul, em 2016. O marco teórico deste artigo se pauta na Teoria Crítica e apresenta propostas para se analisar o papel da mídia na sociedade e sua relação com a política externa brasileira em momentos específicos.Palavras-chave: Mídia; Política Externa Brasileira; Teoria Crítica.ABSTRACTThis article will address the relation between the media and the Brazilian Foreign Politic in times of regional crisis. By doing so, the narratives of the Brazilian leadership, built by the national media – in this case, the newspaper O Globo – about the South American region will be portrayed in four different scenarios of crisis, but with only two countries: Bolivia and Venezuela. Those crises are: (i) the attempted coup in Venezuela in 2002; (ii) during the nationalization of the Bolivian hydrocarbons, in 2006; (iii) with the Bolivian senator Roger Pinto, in 2013; and (iv) the suspension of Venezuela in Mercosur, in 2016. The theoretical framework of this article is based on the Critical Theory and it presents pathways to analyze the role of the media in society and its relations with the Brazilian Foreign Policy.Keywords: Media; Brazilian Foreign Policy; Critical Theory.
A Abordagem Relacional-Estratégica (Sra) E A Análise De Política Externa (Brasileira) Nos Governos Lula (2003-2010)
Authors: Pastrana de Góes Solange
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho busca explorar a possibilidade de utilização da abordagem relacional-estratégica, Stratetegic-Relational Approach (SRA), desenvolvida pelo neomarxista inglês Bob Jessop, para análise das continuidades e descontinuidades nos projetos de inserção internacional do Brasil no governo Lula (2003-2010). Muitos analistas da política externa brasileira utilizam-se de perspectivas teóricas pertencentes à Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) para abrir a caixa preta do Estado e debruçar-se, em particular, sobre o processo decisório no interior da burocracia estatal. Entretanto, pouco se discute sobre as origens espaço-temporais da relação entre elementos estruturais e estratégias seletivas inscritas nas decisões de política externa. Nesse sentido, entende-se que a compreensão da política externa brasileira, em toda a sua complexidade, deve ser feita por meio da análise do entrelaçamento entre as forças sociais e os contextos estratégicos, que modificam identidades e interesses.Palavras-chave: FPA, Política Externa Brasileira, SRA. ABSTRACTThis work seeks to explore the possibility of using the Stratetegic-Relational Approach (SRA), developed by the English neo-Marxist Bob Jessop, to analyze the continuities and discontinuities in Brazil's international insertion projects under the Lula government (2003-2010). Many Brazilian foreign policy analysts use theoretical perspectives belonging to Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) to open the black box of the State and address, in particular, the decision-making process within its bureaucracy. However, little is discussed about the ‘spatio-temporal’ horizon of the relationship between the strategic structure and the strategic selectivities inscribed in foreign policy decisions. Therefore, Brazilian foreign policy, in all its complexity, must be understood through the analysis of the intertwining between social forces and strategic contexts, which changes identities and interests. Keywords: FPA, Brazilian Foreign Policy, SRA.
Do nursing textbooks accurately describe pulse oximetry? An audit of current literature
Authors: Elliott Malcolm , Williamson Roz
Published: June 2020

Background:

The assessment of a patient's vital signs is a critical nursing task. Despite this, research has found that many nurses have a poor understanding of pulse oximetry.

Aim:

As undergraduate students rely heavily on textbooks as an educational resource, an audit was conducted of nursing texts to determine the quality of pulse oximetry descriptions.

Method:

The audit was guided by questions based on the findings of research examining nurses' understanding of pulse oximetry. Two researchers used these questions to appraise textbook content.

Findings:

A convenience sample of 32 contemporary nursing textbooks was appraised. Text descriptions of pulse oximetry varied from brief to more extensive, with the content ranging from superficial to detailed.

Conclusion:

Superficial, inconsistent or misleading information within basic nursing textbooks may be one factor associated with nurses' knowledge deficits about pulse oximetry. Academics and nurse educators should appraise core content of textbooks carefully before recommending textbooks to nursing students.
Reflections on setting up a nursing preceptorship programme
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Coyne Tracey , Hynes Claire , Kelly Patricia
Published: June 2020

It is now common practice for preceptorship programmes to be offered to newly qualified nurses within the NHS. The Nursing and Midwifery Council expects newly qualified nurses to be given protected time for learning in their first year of qualified practice and to access support from a preceptor. This article discusses a preceptorship programme that has been implemented in a large integrated NHS Trust in north-west London and shares reflections and learning to date, which can benefit others wanting to roll out a similar programme in the UK.
Graphs that are cospectral for the distance Laplacian
Authors: Brimkov Boris , Duna Ken , Hogben Leslie , Lorenzen Kate , Reinhart Carolyn , Song Sung-Yell , Yarrow Mark
Published: June 2020

The distance matrix $\mathcal{D}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices, and the distance Laplacian matrix is $\mathcal{D}^L (G)=T(G)-\mathcal{D} (G)$, where $T(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of row sums of $\mathcal{D}(G)$. Several general methods are established for producing $\mathcal{D}^L$-cospectral graphs that can be used to construct infinite families. Examples are provided to show that various properties are not preserved by $\mathcal{D}^L$-cospectrality, including examples of $\mathcal{D}^L$-cospectral strongly regular and circulant graphs. It is established that the absolute values of coefficients of the distance Laplacian characteristic polynomial are decreasing, i.e., $|\delta^L_{1}|\geq \cdots \geq |\delta^L_{n}|$, where $\delta^L_{k}$ is the coefficient of $x^k$.
Trichoderma virens-Tv4 enhances growth promoter and plant defense-related enzymes of mungbean (Vigna radiata) against soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Inayati Alfi , Sulistyowati Liliek , Qurata Aini Luqman , Yusnawan Eriyanto
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Inayati A, Sulistyowati L, Aini LQ, Yusnawan E. 2020. Trichoderma virens-Tv4 enhances growth promoter and plant defense-related enzymes of mungbean (Vigna radiata) against soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Biodiversitas 21: 2410-2419. Trichoderma virens has been studied for its ability to control various soil-borne pathogens as well as to induce plant resistance. The ability of T. virens control R. solani and its capability to induce resistance was evaluated in two different genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Plant growth-promoting capability and production of plant defense-related enzymes during plant-pathogen-Trichoderma interaction were investigated. Pathogen infection caused the morphological and biochemical changes as well as increased plant defense enzymes activity such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, PAL, phenolics, and flavonoid compared to control uninoculated plants. T. virens improved mungbean seedling growth in terms of increased total biomass, root weight, and root length as well as improved chlorophyll content and IAA-synthase from leaves and roots. T. virens treatment alone or in the presence of pathogen-induced mungbean defense-related enzymes indicated by the increasing of PO and PPO activity, and higher accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Although most of plant induced resistance parameters showed low and non-significant in direct single-factor comparison, Pearson’s correlation showed there was a positive correlation between plant growth promoter compounds (IAA and chlorophyll) with plant defense-related enzymes (total phenol, and flavonoid content). T. virens treatment can induce systemic defense response of mungbean seedling directly by increasing the activity of some defense-related enzymes, and indirectly by improving plant health, and promoting plant growth. In conclusion, T. virens-Tv4 has potential to be developed as bio-control agents to control R. solani as well as to induce mungbean resistance.
Investigation of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties of different winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes grown in Indonesia
Authors: JANSON CALVINDI  , MUHAMAD SYUKUR  , Nurcholis Waras
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Calvindi J, Syukur M, Nurcholis W. 2020. Investigation of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties of different winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes grown in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2420-2424. Winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC, is described as having antioxidant properties. This work evaluated the biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of the P. tetragonolobus genotypes. Twelve-winged bean genotypes were calculated for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties by using four methods: 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The plant material was grown in the same location conditions in Indonesia. The total phenolic content varied from 154.6 to 161.5 mg GAE/ 100 g, and flavonoid ranged from 105.2 to 112.4 mg QE/ 100 g fresh weight. The antioxidant capacities were 30.6 - 47.0, 140.4 - 167.6, 66.9 - 170.8, and 28.0 - 52.4 µmol TE/ 100 g fresh weight as calculated by the DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, respectively. The antioxidant activities were significantly correlated with the polyphenol content of winged bean genotypes fruits. The genotypes TU, L3, H3U, H1P, and TH were recognized higher based on their TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities, indicating that these genotypes to be promising for further breeding program and commercial purposes.
Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Rachman Arief
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Rachman A. 2020. Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2446-2454. A checklist of phytoplankton species from an anthropogenically pressured ecosystem has become a necessity to study the marine ecosystem changes and to detect the presence of introduced species in the area. This study aimed to list and describe the phytoplankton community in the Tidung, Pari, and Payung Islands and to estimate the total number of phytoplankton species in those islands. Sampling was conducted in May 2019 in 10 sites, consisted of 5 sites around Pari Island, 1 site next to Payung Island, and 4 sites around Tidung Island. As many as 150 species of phytoplankton, consisted of 109 species of diatoms, 38 species of dinoflagellates, 3 species of cyanobacteria, were recorded in this study. However, up to 47 phytoplankton species were estimated to be missing from the current sampling effort. Three diatom species, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros distans, and Chaetoceros affinis were the most abundant and most common species in the studied areas. Dinoflagellates were found in low density and have limited distribution compared to diatoms. Tripos trichoceros, Tripos fusus, and Tripos macroceros were the three most common dinoflagellates in the studied islands. Several notable harmful species, such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Alexandrium sp., Tripos furca, Cochlodinium sp., Dinophysis miles, Prorocentrum lima, and Noctiluca scintillans, were present albeit with low cell density. However, concern on future blooms of those harmful species in the greater water regions (i.e. Seribu Island or Jakarta Bay) should be noted, as it might cause environmental damages, including a shift in species dominance and disappearance of some native phytoplankton species from the ecosystem in the future.
Diversity of bird species in the coffee agroforestry landscape: Case study in the Pangalengan Sub-district, Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , PARIKESIT  , RIZKA FATHARANI ALHAM
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Withaningsih S, Parikesit, Alham RF. 2020. Diversity of bird species in the coffee agroforestry landscape: Case study in the Pangalengan Sub-district, Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2467-2480. Traditionally, shade-grown coffee agroforestry is home to diverse taxa, including insects and mammals. However, research has shown that shade-grown coffee agroforestry is also an important habitat for various types of birds. A study on the diversity of bird species was performed in the coffee agroforestry landscape area of Perum Perhutani, Pangalengan Sub-district, Bandung District, West Java. Bird diversity data was collected using the point count method, and landscape structure analysis was performed, to quantify the characteristics of the landscape. The results were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis to determine the relationships between landscape structures and bird species diversity. The results of the study recorded 60 species of birds, from 29 families, among 1,581 individuals. The most dominant bird species were Pycnonotus aurigaster, Orthotomus sutorius, Orthotomus ruficeps, Streptopelia chinensis, and Brachypteryx leucophrys. The highest species abundance value at the research site was recorded for Pycnonotus aurigaster, with a relative abundance value of 22.02%. The diversity of bird species found at the study location was classified as high (H ' = 3.10). Thus, coffee agroforestry landscapes are associated with bird diversity, and diversity appears to increase when the total area (TA) increases; however the patch edge length (TE), number of spots (NP), the complexity of patch forms (MSI, MPFD) and landscape heterogeneity (SHDI) decrease. The coffee agroforestry landscape may represent an important habitat for many bird species.
Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Jompa Jamaluddin , UMAR WIDYASTUTI , YUSUF SYAFYUDDIN , AR. TASSAKKA ASMI CITRA MALINA , Gino V. Limmon  , RAHMI  , AMANDA PRICELLA PUTRI  , HALWI  , HARTATI TAMTI  , ABIGAIL MARY MOORE
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Jompa J, Umar W, Yusuf S, Tassakka ACM, Limmon GV, Rahmi, Putri AP, Halwi, Tamti H, Moore AM. 2020. Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Scleractinian corals can reproduce in several ways, with two main sexual reproduction modes known as brooding and broadcast spawning. In this study, we described patterns of genetic variation within and connectivity between coral populations in western Indonesia (Seribu Archipelago), central Indonesia (Spermonde Archipelago), and eastern Indonesia (Ambon). We sampled two readily identifiable corals popular in the marine aquarium trade, one species widely reported as a brooder (Euphyllia glabrescens), the other as a broadcast spawner (Lobophyllia corymbosa). The mitochondrial COI genome was amplified for 117 samples. Within-population genetic variation was high, especially at the eastern Indonesia (Ambon) site. The genetic connectivity patterns were similar for the two corals, with high connectivity between the Seribu and Spermonde Archipelagos (despite a geographical separation of more than 1,000 km) and a lack of connectivity between these two sites and Ambon. These results indicate a potential barrier to gene flow between coral populations in western/central Indonesia and those to the east of Sulawesi Island.
Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity
Authors: Dwi Andriani  , SYAMSULINA REVIANTI  , WIDYASRI PRANANINGRUM
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Andriani D, Revianti S, Prananingrum W. 2020. Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 21: 2521-2525. Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae) is commonly found in mangroves along the east coast of Surabaya. It can be used as an indicator of environmental pollution and damage in mangrove ecosystems. Studies have reported that A. ilicifolius has antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antileishmanial, and hepatoprotective activity due to the chemical compounds in the plant. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds in methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius and their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The study involved laboratory experiments with a post-test only control group design. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans biofilm was determined using microtiter plates. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical screening used colorimetric methods. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius at 16% and 20% concentration had the same inhibitory effect as nystatin against C. albicans (about 70% inhibition of biofilm). Chemical compounds identified in the extract included flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, and steroids. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius have strong antioxidant and antifungal activity, and the plant’s phytochemical compounds are potential candidates for antifungal therapy.
Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Cudera Rizalyn , Razon Brando , Millondaga Kenette Jean
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Cudera RB, Razon BC, Millondaga KJI. 2020. Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 2536-2554. Lake Sebu in Mindanao, Philippines, covered by the Allah Valley Protected Landscape, is home to the T'boli ethnolinguistic group. This study focuses on the cultural and ecological significance of the Odonata (insect order of dragonflies and damselflies) to the T'boli people who are known to have a close connection to their natural environment. According to the T'boli who participated in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the Odonate larvae of Family Libellulidae and Aeshnidae known as Kmimi and Ogong El respectively are handpicked by the village members as a food source shared in the community when resources are scarce. The Odonata larvae are also used to cure illnesses and are locally believed to be important components for a love potion. In agriculture, T'boli farmers utilize the adult form of Odonata known as Klowong as natural biocontrol agents. Moreover, the Odonata larvae are prominent images in T'boli oral literature, specifically folklore and lullabies, teaching the children the importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with nature. The results show that the presence of endemic species of Odonata indicates a healthy freshwater environment in the area; thus, studies on the sustainable use and conservation measures of the Odonata should be conducted.
Effect of the administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 in the rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Syamsunarno Mas bayu , Ningrum Widia , Jumyanah Jumyanah , Mustahal Mustahal
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Putra AN, Syamsunarno MB, Ningrum W, Jumyanah, Mustahal. 2020. Effect of the administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 in the rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Biodiversitas 21: 2566-2575. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of administration of the probiotic Bacillus NP5 in rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish. The study consisted of three different concentrations of probiotic Bacillus NP5 - C: control, A: probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 109 CFU/mL, and B: probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 1010 CFU/mL, on the rearing media of African catfish for 45 days. Based on the results, the lowest significant ammonia (P <0.05) was found in treatment A (1.91 ± 0.17 mg/L), then followed by B (2.12 ± 0.14 mg/L) while the highest was in the control (2.36 ± 0.19 mg/L). Treatment A also had a better immune response compared to other treatments shown with the highest significant number of leukocytes at 6.69 ± 0.17 x 104 cells/mm3 and phagocyte activity at 65.19 ± 0.04%. Furthermore, treatment A significantly resulted in the best specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (2.02 ± 0.07%.day-1, 1.05 ± 0.07, respectively). The administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 109 CFU/mL in rearing media significantly improved the ammonia value, growth, and resistance of African catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
The Distribution of bird communities in University of Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Iswandaru Dian , Novriyanti Novriyanti , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Harianto Sugeng P.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Iswandaru D, Novriyanti N, Banuwa IS, Harianto SP. 2020. Distribution of bird communities in University of Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2629-2637. University of Lampung (UNILA), Indonesia holds a variety of potential biodiversity, especially birds, species that are sensitive to environmental changes. It is necessary to detect early bird communities spread across UNILA before the physical of this higher institution of education (including vegetation distribution that supplies birdlife) begins to change even further. The method used is the Field Method and Concentration Count Method. Research and Experimental Garden (ST1), Integrated Field Laboratory (ST2), Soccer Field (ST3), Deer Breeding (ST4), Arboretum and Green Lane (ST5) were observed for 2 months. The results showed that 37 bird species from 21 families and 8 orders were spread in each study location. The Passeriformes group dominated in all five study sites with the number of species and the number of families reaching 57% of all species found. Most bird communities (individuals, species, and families) can be found in the Integrated Field Laboratory (ST2) compared to the other four locations. Diversity index numbers (H '), Evenness (E), and Dominance (D) types at this location also support it even though the overall results of the analysis show that the distribution of bird species is evenly distributed and that no bird species dominate in community building.
Growth optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oligosporus during fermentation to produce tempeh with high β-glucan content
Authors: RIZAL SAMSUL , Murhadi Murhadi , Kustyawati Maria Erna , Hasanudin Udin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Rizal S, Murhadi, Kustyawati ME, Hasanudin U. 2020. Growth optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oligosporus during fermentation to produce tempeh with high β-glucan content. Biodiversitas 21: 2667-2673. Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows and produces β-glucan during fermentation in tempeh production. The content of β-glucan in tempeh is influenced by the growth of S. cerevisiae throughout fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different types and concentrations of carbon sources on yeast growth, fungi growth, and β-glucan content in tempeh inoculated using Rhizopus oligosporus and S. cerevisiae. This study used a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the types of carbon sources, tapioca and wheat flour; the second factor was the concentrations of carbon source, 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% (w/w). Tempeh produced was investigated for yeast number, fungi number, β-glucan content, and pH value. The obtained data were tested using Tukey's Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) test. The results showed that the addition of various types and concentrations of carbon source significantly influenced the increase in yeast number, fungi number, β-glucan content, and pH in tempeh. The growth of yeast, fungi, and β-glucan content increased along with the increment of carbon source concentration. The amounts of yeast, fungi, and β-glucans in tempeh added with tapioca were higher compared to tempeh with wheat flour. The addition of 10% tapioca produced the highest amount of yeast with 9.505 Log CFU/g and the highest β-glucan content with 0.707% (w/w).
Structure and composition of trees in Mount Tilu Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyanto Tri , Efendi Muhammad , DIAN MUHAMAD RAMDAN
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Ramdan DM. 2020. Structure and composition of trees in Mount Tilu Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2674-2680. An understanding of the structure and composition of stands in a conservation area is needed to support sustainable management strategy. However, this information in the Mount Tilu Nature Reserve, Bandung District, West Java area is still lacking. This research was aimed to analyze the structure and composition of tree species in the block of Malagembol forest, Mt. Tilu NR. Data collection was carried out through vegetation analysis using sampling plot method with size of 10x100 m2 at three-level altitudes of 1530 m, 1745 m, and 1950 m asl. Observation parameters included species names, number of individuals, and diameter at breast height (dbh). Data were analyzed to determine the floristic composition, species structure based on their diameter class, relative basal area, diversity indices, and analysis of the importance of the main components of trees species through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 32 tree species from 23 families was found in the observation plots which was dominated by Fagaceae, Lauraceae, and Myrtaceae families. Some pioneer plants covered the gap in vegetation due to minor disturbance and residual damage in the past. Nonetheless, the dominance of stands with small diameters indicated good regeneration status following such disturbance. Based on these findings, we recommend protecting the vegetation in Mt. Tilu NR by limiting community activities that can disturb the forest.
The effect of cattle manure and mineral fertilizers on soil chemical properties and tuber yield of purple-fleshed sweet potato in the dryland region of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Mahmuddin , Arsa Bagus Adwita , Malaipada Yohanes
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Nur MSM, Arsa IGBA, Malaipada Y. 2019. The effect of cattle manure and mineral fertilizers on soil chemical properties and tuber yield of purple-fleshed sweet potato in the dryland region of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 3: 56-59. A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of combination of cattle manure and mineral fertilizer on the soil chemical properties and yield of purple-fleshed sweet potato in the Integrated Field Laboratory of Archipelagic Dryland Center of Excellence, Universitas Nusa Cendana during November 2017 to March 2018. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design, with six treatments and four replicates. The assigned treatments were P0 = without manure and without mineral fertilizer, P1 = 100% recommended dosage of manure (20 tons ha-1), P2 = 75% recommended dosage of manure (15 tons ha-1) + 25% recommended dosage of mineral fertilizer (25 kg urea ha-1, 25 kg SP-36 ha-1 and 37.5 kg KCl ha-1), P3 = 50% recommended dosage of manure (10 tons ha-1) + 50% recommended dosage of mineral fertilizer (50 kg urea ha-1, 50 kg SP-36 ha-1 and 75 kg KCl ha-1), P4 = 25% recommended dosage of manure (5 tons ha-1) + 75% recommended dosage of mineral fertilizer (75 kg urea ha-1, 75 kg SP-36 ha-1 and 112.5 kg KCl ha-1), and P5 = 100% recommended dosage of mineral fertilizer (100 kg urea ha-1, 100 kg SP-36 ha-1, 150 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that P1 and P2 treatments produced the highest contents of organic-C, total-N, available-P, exchangeable-K and soil Cation Exchange Capacity. However, the highest tuber weight was obtained in the treatment P3. These results indicated that the combination of 50% recommended manure dosage (10 tons ha-1) + 50% recommended mineral fertilizer dosage (50 kg urea ha-1, 50 kg SP-36 ha-1 and 75 kg KCl ha-1) could provide a balanced nutrient content in sufficient quantities that meet the sweet potato requirements from the early growth stage to the tuber formation stage, and create soil physical conditions that support the sweet potato tuber development.
Asystole during Le Fort 1 osteotomy: the trigeminovagal reflex
Authors: Maharaj K , Cedrola R , Mirza T
Published: June 2020

The trigeminovagal reflex is a phenomenon that occurs rarely during maxillofacial surgery. Previously described as the oculocardiac reflex, this reflex can occur during ocular and periocular surgery. To be more anatomically precise, it was renamed the trigeminocardiac or trigeminovagal reflex, since stimulation of any part of the trigeminal nerve can elicit this reflex arc. We describe a case of asystole during mobilization of a maxilla following a Le Fort 1 osteotomy.
Minimally invasive oesophagectomy for cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS: considerations and future directions
Authors: Davakis S , Syllaios A , Meropouli A , Kyros E , Vagios I , Mpaili E , Sdralis E , Charalabopoulos A
Published: June 2020

The impact of HIV/AIDS on the treatment of oesophageal neoplasms remains undefined due to a lack of adequate data. We present our experience in treating patients with HIV/AIDS who have oesophageal cancer using minimally invasive techniques and discuss important key factors during perioperative management. Two men with HIV/AIDS underwent minimally invasive oesophagectomies in our department, with adequate clinical and oncological outcomes. Minimally invasive oesophagectomy can be safe and has the well-established benefits of minimally invasive techniques, offering good perioperative results and oncological outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS. Multimodality therapy is crucial.
Validity of the perturbation model for the propagation of MSF structures in 3D
Authors: Liang Kevin , Forbes G. W. , Alonso Miguel A.
Published: June 2020

Mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on optical surfaces degrade system performance and a perturbation model is typically used to simplify the assessment of their effects. In this simple model, MSF phase structures are dragged along the nominal rays of a system to yield estimates of wavefronts in the exit pupil that may be used for further analysis. However, the validity of the perturbation model remains an open area of study. We extend our previous assessment of the validity of this model [K. Liang, Opt. Express 27, 3390 (2019)10.1364/OE.27.003390 that was focused on the analysis of single-frequency MSF structures in two dimensions to now include error estimates for broad-spectra MSF structures in three dimensions.
Paraxial phasor-field physical optics
Authors: Dove Justin , Shapiro Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2020

Phasor-field (

P

-field) imaging is a promising recent solution to the task of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging, colloquially referred to as “seeing around corners.” It consists of treating the oscillating envelope of amplitude-modulated, spatially-incoherent light as if it were itself an optical wave, akin to the oscillations of the underlying electromagnetic field. This resemblance enables traditional optical imaging strategies, e.g., lenses, to be applied to NLoS imaging tasks. To date, however, this ability has only been applied computationally. In this paper, we provide a rigorous mathematical demonstration that

P

-field imaging can be performed with physical optics, viz., that ordinary lenses can focus or project

P

fields through intervening diffusers—despite these diffusers’ broadly dispersing the light passing through them—and that they can image scenes hidden by such diffusers. Hence NLoS imaging might be carried out via

P

-field physical optics without the nontrivial computational burden of prior NLoS techniques.
Dual-mode and two-signal-wavelength femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on LiB3O5
Authors: Zhao Jun , Fan Jintao , Tian Haochen , Hu Minglie
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate a tunable femtosecond dual-beam-mode (cylindrical vector beam [CVB] and Gaussian beam [GB]), dual-signal-wavelength optical parametric oscillator based on a temperature-tuned lithium triborate crystal, synchronously pumped by a frequency-doubled mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. When fixing the CVB wavelength at 780 nm, the central wavelength of the GB signal could be continuously tuned from 664 to 722 nm. The maximum total signal output power is 515 mW at a 4 W pump with dual-wavelength operation (664 and 780 nm). All the measured signal pulse durations are around 150 fs. Moreover, sum-frequency-generation with Gaussian mode tuning from 548 to 588 nm is obtained, with the maximum power of 52 mW at 548 nm. Thanks to the dual-channel configuration, the wavelengths of a CVB and GB can be tuned independently. Such a flexible and versatile configuration makes it a practical tool for many applications such as high-resolution microscopy and high-capacity optical communication.
Overcoming refractive index limit of mesoscale light focusing by means of specular-reflection photonic nanojet
Authors: Geints Yury E. , Zemlyanov Alexander A. , Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V.
Published: June 2020

The physical origin of subwavelength photonic nanojet in specular-reflection mode (

s

-PNJ) is theoretically considered. This specific type of photonic nanojet (PNJ) emerges upon double focusing of a plane optical wave by a transparent dielectric microparticle located near a flat mirror. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report a unique property of

s

-PNJ for increasing its focal length and intensity using circular-shaped microparticles with a refractive index ratio exceeding the known limiting value that fundamentally distinguishes

s

-PNJ from regular PNJ behavior. This may drastically increase the trapping potential of PNJ-based optical tweezers.
¿Piratas vándalos en el Cantábrico? Acerca de una supuesta incursión marítima de unos Wandali en la Novempopulania (primera mitad del siglo V)
Authors: Lanz Betelu Jokin
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio realiza un acercamiento histórico de la mención a un ataque perpetrado en Novempopulania por una flota vándala tras haber remontado el río Adour en algún momento de la primera mitad del s. V. El pasaje que recoge el acontecimiento ha pasado casi desapercibido entre los historiadores debido a que se enmarca en una obra apócrifa redactada en época medieval, la hagiografía de Severo martyr in Novempopulania o in Vasconia, una leyenda de fundación monástica que gira en torno al religioso Severo y los orígenes del monasterio de Saint-Sever. Mediante el análisis de la época donde se circunscribe la citada incursión pirática, procederemos a realizar una interpretación de los hechos.
La colaboración interdisciplinar en los trabajos de Adolf Schulten
Authors: Garcés Estallo Ignasi , Gómez Gonzalo M.ª Paz
Published: June 2020

La exploración de nuevos fondos epistolares, combinada con la revisión de los ya conocidos, abre la posibilidad de reconstruir de manera más precisa la concepción de la arqueología que desarrolló el hispanista Schulten en sus trabajos entre 1902 y 1955. También resulta novedosa para ver como enjuiciaba la metodología desarrollada por sus colegas peninsulares, ya fuesen amigos o competidores. En dicha documentación afloran consejos y gestiones ocasionales para paliar el evidente retraso peninsular comparado con los niveles europeos del momento. Junto a esta temática se propone revisar, igualmente, para su debate, la extracción de los colaboradores que le acompañaron y concretar las tareas desarrolladas por ellos. Pese a la formación filológica, el profesor de Erlangen muestra cómo desde el principio tuvo clara la necesidad de contar con expertos, algo nada común en el panorama peninsular de la época. La idea parece derivar de la influencia de los trabajos desarrollados por los arqueólogos alemanes de finales del siglo XIX.
Galerías de agua en el campo alto de Lorca (Región de Murcia). Análisis y caracterización territorial
Authors: López Fernández José Antonio
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se analizan los principales sistemas tradicionales de acopio de agua localizados en el campo alto de Lorca. Ingenios de captación del tipo galería drenante o qanat, cuyos recursos se han destinado para usos locales de estas pedanías, tanto para abastecimiento de boca como regadío. Sin embargo, el caudal de algunos afloramientos permitió que, durante siglos, parte de sus aguas se destinaran a abastecer a la población de la capital, por medio de kilométricas redes de distribución. El trabajo de campo y la documentación de archivo han sido esenciales en esta investigación, donde se pone de manifiesto el esfuerzo secular de comunidades asentadas en un territorio de clima semiárido y escasos recursos superficiales. Los resultados muestran la existencia de numerosas galerías de agua, con elementos y funciones similares a otros ejemplos del Sureste de España, aunque con factores espaciales e históricos singulares. No es posible entender la configuración de este paisaje rural si no se conoce la influencia territorial que, a lo largo del tiempo, han jugado los sistemas de galerías horizontales; construcciones que, en muchos casos, siguen funcionales, conservadas y mantenidas por la población local.
Teaching One Health: Animal husbandry in a post-graduate interdisciplinary curriculum
Authors: Sidikou Djibo Idrissa , Caron Yannick , Delguste Catherine , Ibrahim Abdoulkarim Issa , Ibrahim Maman Laminou , Adakal Hassane , Hornick Jean-Luc , Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim: This work presents the implementation of a course on animal husbandry in an interdisciplinary curriculum based on the One Health concept. The study describes learners' viewpoints about the course and its insertion in the curriculum. The study aimed at identifying avenues for improvement.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen learners (health professionals) participated to individual semi-structured interviews lasting for 25-35 min each. Learners' opinions were extracted from the transcribed interviews and analysis themes were identified from recurrent narratives.

Results: The learners perceived animal husbandry as relevant for One Health and potentially useful for their future practice. More precisely, learners were considering a future use of the newly acquired knowledge and skills in the advising of communities facing malnutrition and for the strategic planning at wider levels. Teaching methods were appreciated thanks to the active learning style. Unmet expectations concerned the coverage of impacts and relationships to other disciplines, the inclusion of viewpoints from other disciplines into the teaching, and the degree of contextualization of contents, e.g. through case studies. Accordingly, the main avenues for improvement, as identified by learners, were to give a prior focus on impacts (especially on human health) for all contents and to increase the number of case studies, but also to better address the questions of the usefulness of animal products in the management of malnutrition.

Conclusion: The analysis of learners' expectations (met and unmet) and their recommendations regarding the future of the course helped identifying both successes and important challenges for teachers. Two main challenges are highlighted. First, increased interdisciplinarity is needed within the course to better cover the notion of impact of animal husbandry on health, society and environment. Second, the complexity of the domain under consideration will call for important efforts of clarification of the course structure and objectives in terms of skills acquisition.
Gimnáziumi és szakgimnáziumi tanulók idegennyelv-tanulási eredményessége
Authors: Novák Ildikó , Fónai Mihály
Published: June 2020

A magyar fiatalok nyelvtudásának javítása az elmúlt két évtized fontos oktatáspolitikai célkitűzése, az eredmények azonban nem meggyőzőek és nagy eltérések mutatkoznak a tanulók nyelvtanulási eredményességében. A kutatások ezen különbségek hátterét számos szempontból vizsgálták és magyarázták többek közt a motiváció, a nyelvérzék, a tanulási stratégiák, az attitűd és a családi háttér területén mutatkozó eltérésekkel.  Kutatásunkkal a társadalmi háttérbeli különbségek nyelvtanulási eredményességre gyakorolt hatásának további feltárására vállalkoztunk. Vizsgáltuk a gimnáziumi és szakgimnáziumi tanulók nyelvtudásának helyzetét objektív és szubjektív szempontból, feltártuk a sikerek mögött meghúzódó háttértényezőket és elemeztük a nyelvtanulásra ható iskolán kívüli eszközöket és aktorokat. Hipotéziseink szerint a gimnáziumi tanulók idegennyelv-oktatása eredményesebb, mint a szakgimnáziumi tanulóké, az iskolai idegen nyelvi óraszámok nem befolyásolják a tanulók idegen nyelvi eredményességét és a magasabb végzettségű szülők gyermekei eredményesebbek.

Kérdőíves pilot kutatásunkat 2018/19 fordulóján hét debreceni középiskola (négy gimnázium és három szakgimnázium) 105 tanulójának megkérdezésével végeztük el 9.-12. évfolyamokon. A vizsgált tanulók 34%-a rendelkezett nyelvvizsgával, de önértékeléssel jelentősen többen számoltak be közép- vagy felsőfokú nyelvtudásról. A tanulók jelentős többsége vallotta magát sikeres nyelvtanulónak, leginkább nyelvvizsga bizonyítványuk és beszédkészségük miatt. A sikertelenek leginkább a nyelvvizsga hiánya miatt éreztek kudarcot. Eredményeink szerint a sikeres nyelvtanulás korrelál a szülők iskolai végzettségével és a tanulók nyelvtudás fontosságáról alkotott véleményével, de nem állt összefüggésben az idegen nyelv tantárgy heti óraszámával az általános és középiskolában. Nyelvvizsgaszerzési terveiket elsősorban a felsőoktatási bemeneti kötelezettség, saját belső motivációjuk, valamint hazai és külföldi munkavállalási célok motiválták. A nyelvtanulási körülmények a gimnáziumokban kedvezőbbnek mutatkoztak, mint a szakgimnáziumokban.
Családi életre nevelés Magyarországon
Authors: Engler Ágnes , Kozek Lilla , Németh Dóra Katalin
Published: June 2020

Az elmúlt évtizedek társadalmi-gazdasági változásai szerves hatással voltak a családi életre: megváltoztak a családi szerepek, a családi formák, átalakult az inter- és intragenerációs kommunikáció. A felnőtt szerepekre történő felkészítés hagyományosan informálisan, családon belül történik, de a szükséges minták és tanulási folyamatok jelentősen megváltoztak. Ezért a családi életre történő felkészítés újabb kihívás elé állítja az – egyébként másodvonalbeli – formális és nonformális nevelést és oktatást. Tanulmányunkban röviden felvázoljuk a családi kapcsolatok minőségi és mennyiségi megváltozása mögött álló társadalmi folyamatokat, amelyek többek között a családi életre nevelés színterének formális és nemformális kiterjesztését is indokolják.Ezt követően áttekintjük a hazai formális családi életre nevelés történetét és jelenlegi helyzetét, majd az egyik leglényegesebb elemére, a házasságra koncentrálva támasztjuk alá a széleskörű társadalmi összefogás szükségszerűségét a nevelés, oktatás ezen területén.
Umbilical arterial profiles as predictors of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Bhat Jehangir Allam , Sheikh Sajad Ahmad , Ara Roshan
Published: June 2020

Background: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment. Umbilical cord blood analysis provides an objective assessment of newborn metabolic status. Accordingly, it is recommended that physicians attempt to obtain venous and arterial samples when there is high risk of neonatal compromise.

Objective To compare the predictive value of umbilical arterial blood pH, lactate and base deficit for subsequent development of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia and comparison of these parameters to determine which one is superior in predicting severity.

Methods Umbilical cord arterial blood of newborns with perinatal asphyxia was tested for pH, lactate, and base deficit estimation. These newborns were evaluated in level III NICU and divided into two groups. Group 1 had no or signs and symptoms of HIE I and group 2 had signs and symptoms of HIE II/III. Values of pH, lactate, and base deficit were tabulated and analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Optimal cut-off values were estimated based on the maximal Youden index.

Results Mean pH was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, while lactate and base deficit were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Cut-off points for determining severity of HIE were pH <7.13, lactate >6.89 mg/dL, and base deficit >7 mEq/L. Sensitivity and specificity for these cut-off points were 100% and 91.49% for pH, 100% and 85.11% for lactate, and 82.4% and 91.76% for base deficit, respectively. Predictive abilities of all three parameters were similar in determination of HIE severity.

Conclusion Umbilical arterial pH, lactate, and base deficit have excellent accuracy to predict the severity of HIE. All three parameters have similarly good predictive ability.
Predictors of prolonged stay in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Arafah Yudha Fadhol , Murni Indah Kartika , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy
Published: June 2020

Background Prolonged stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reflects not only disease severity and patient health status, but also the performance and quality of patient care.

Objective To to determine whether surgical procedure, severe malnourishment, cardiovascular condition, sepsis, and ventilator use were the predictors of prolonged PICU stay.

Methods This nested, case-control study was conducted with secondary data from medical records of pediatric inpatients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We included pediatric patients aged 1 month-18 years treated in the PICU between 1 January - 31 December 2018. Predictors of prolonged stay were identified including surgical procedures, severe malnourishment, cardiovascular conditions, sepsis, and ventilator use. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors.

Results Subjects’ overall median age was 3.12 (IQR 0.76-18.8) years and the male to female ratio was 1:1. Median duration of ventilator use was 4 (IQR 1-21) days. The most common diagnosis was neurological disease (26.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that surgical procedure (OR 5.75; 95%CI 2.06 to 14.61) was statistically significant as an independent predictor of prolonged PICU stay.

Conclusion Surgical procedure is  the significant predictor of prolonged stay in PICU.