bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the electric field of a polymeric insulator bushing to determine the field concentration points
Authors: Shevchenko S.Y. , Danylchenko D.A. , Vyazovichenko Y.A. , Potryvai A.E. , Tsyupa V.N.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The use of modeling as a tool that allows you to identify design weaknesses in electrical equipment and, on their basis, perform its optimization in order to level weaknesses due to design imperfections. Designation of a real problem in the design of polymer bushings, which negatively affects their technical, economic and operational characteristics and makes them less competitive compared to other types of insulators.

Methodology. Analysis of experiments to detect partial discharges, simulation of electric field strength, synthesis of analyzed works and simulation results.

Findings. As a result of the performed scientific research, it was found that the process of partial discharges has a direct effect on the electrical strength of the polymer bushing insulator. This fact is taken as the basis for searching for methods of further influence on the design of the insulator in order to increase its service life. It was found in the work that the reason for the occurrence of partial discharges is the uneven distribution of the electric field strength. This was the reason for further study of the electric field strength of the pass-through insulator and its modeling. As a result of the simulation, points of concentration of the electric field strength in the bushing polymer insulator were found and designated as points of action to increase the electrical strength of the bushing polymer insulator.

Originality.  The scientific novelty of the performed research work lies in the use of the simulation of the electric field of a polymer bushing as a tool for detecting weak points in its design, when exposed to which, a positive effect on its technical characteristics can be observed.

Practical value.  The practical value of the research work done is that the results of the research serve as a solid foundation for further optimization of the design of polymer bushings, which will lead to a positive impact on their technical characteristics and make them competitive compared to other types of insulators.
Prognosis of Synchronous Double Primary Lung Cancer Based on Immunohistochemical Staining
Authors: Seok Yangki
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study evaluated the prognosis of strictly selected synchronous double primary lung cancer.Methods: The records of patients who underwent complete resection for synchronous double primary lung cancer were reviewed. Only patients who had different histologic types or the same histologies without nodal metastasis or different patterns of immunohistochemical staining were included. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method was used, and for comparison of the survival rate, a log-rank test was used.Results: Eighteen males and two females with a mean age of 67.0 years were included. Eight patients (40.0%) had the same histology and 12 patients (60.0%) had different histology in each tumor. Of the eight patients with the same histology, five had squamous cell carcinoma and three had adenocarcinoma, and the immunohistochemical staining results of all eight showed different patterns of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in each tumor. The median follow-up was 33.5 months (range, 6.1–102.3 months) for all patients and 41.6 months (range, 28.9–102.3 months) for the surviving patients. The 1- and 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival were 80.0% and 63.3%, and 70.0% and 33.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall and diseasefree survival of patients with identical and different histology was 56.3% and 31.3%, and 66.7% and 35.0%, respectively, which was no significant difference. There were no significant prognostic factors for overall survival and disease-free survival.Conclusion: The prognosis of synchronous double primary lung cancer was good in highly selected patients with any type of surgical resection. A large number of patients is needed for appropriate and standardized selection process.
Comparative Efficacy of Mechanical Patient-Controlled Analgesia Pump Operated in Patient Optimizing Background Infusion Mode and Conventional Nonmechanical Pump after Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Kim Nan Seol , Park Sul Ki
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the mechanical patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), pumps operated in patient optimizing background infusion (POBI) mode, compared with the conventional nonmechanical PCA after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.Methods: In total, 211 patients were randomized to nonmechanical pump (n=106, group A) or mechanical pump (n=105, group P) postoperative pain treatment groups. A single blinded observer evaluated and recorded postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) score as well as the background infusion rate, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), use of an additional antiemetic or analgesic, degree of sedation, and other side effects at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively. The degree of patient satisfaction was evaluated at 2 and 24 hours postoperatively.Results: There was no significant difference in the overall NRS score between the two groups. However, the use of rescue analgesics was significantly higher in group A (P=0.007). The incidence of PONV did not significantly differ between the two groups at 0.5 hours postoperatively; however, at 2 hours, it was significantly higher in group P than in group A (P=0.003). In contrast, the incidence of PONV was significantly lower in group P than in group A at 24 hours postoperatively (P=0.033). No significant group difference was observed in patient satisfaction.Conclusion: With an appropriate waiting time, a mechanical pump operating in POBI mode could be an effective PCA pump to reduce postoperative pain and side effects.
Clinical Usefulness of Pelvic Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Precocious Puberty
Authors: Kim Duk Hyun , Jung So Yoon , Lee Jeongho
Published: July 2022

Objective: Precocious puberty is the adrenarche that occurs before the age of 8 in girls. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test (GnRH stimulation test), which is widely used in diagnosing precocious puberty, is commonly used to evaluate the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, but it has the disadvantages of low sensitivity and laborious blood sampling process. On the other hand, pelvic ultrasonography has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of precocious puberty and whether there is a significant relationship between the GnRH stimulation test and ultrasonography findings.Methods: From January 2016 to September 2021, a total of 234 girls with precocious puberty who visited the Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital were subjected to pelvic ultrasonography.Results: The size of both ovaries in the group with a peak luteinizing hormone (LH) value of 10 IU/L or higher in the GnRH stimulation test was significantly larger than that of the group with a peak LH value of less than 7 IU/L. A group with a peak LH value of 10 IU/L or higher in the GnRH stimulation test had 0.63 cm and 0.9 cm significantly larger uterus size than that of the other two groups.Conclusion: Uterus and ovary sizes have a positive correlation with peak LH values in the GnRH stimulation test. Pelvic ultrasonography is considered to be a useful test for estimating precocious puberty without causing much discomfort to the child.
A Case of Primary Lymphoma Involving the Heart
Authors: Park Chan Ho
Published: July 2022

Primary cardiac lymphoma is a rare extranodal malignant lymphoma that involves only the heart and pericardium without dissemination. The prognosis of primary cardiac lymphoma is poor. But, recent advances in imaging diagnosis and chemotherapy have improved survival. We report histologically diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving the heart with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging images.
A Case Report of Isoniazid Induced Encephalopathy
Authors: Cho Kyunghwa , Hwang Kieun
Published: July 2022

A 61-year-old male without a prior neurologic history presented with disturbances in consciousness and seizure that were suspected as related to the treatment of tuberculosis with isoniazid. The neurologic symptoms were resolved after isoniazid was discontinued. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of neurologic symptoms with the use of this agent.
The Rescue Tractor: The Propaganda of Technological Progress in Soviet Publications for Children before the Second World War
Authors: Vyrupaeva Anna
Published: July 2022

Childhood in the USSR is a topic of considerable interest for both Russian and non-Russian researchers: it is driven by a constant demand for Soviet children’s literature, the use of related images in modern advertising, and Russians’ nostalgia for their childhood. Contemporary researchers mostly focus on the methods the Soviet government used to construct images of a happy childhood. In the Soviet Union, where the cult of childhood appeared early enough, Soviet propaganda formed the idea of the so-called “paradisiacal places” of Soviet childhood: pioneer camps, recreation parks, etc. The article’s author considers the first five-year plan in the USSR as being the main event of the turn of the 1930s that was explained and promoted to children by Soviet propaganda. The study specifically focuses on the propaganda of industrial development, and not on the topics of the friendship of peoples, class struggle, and the miserable life of workers and their children in other countries. Another feature of the article is the chosen time frame, which makes it possible to take a “screenshot” of the transitional stage of the existence of the Soviet state and the sharp turn in the early 1930s from ideas of internationalism to postulates of “all-Soviet national superiority”. Referring to the popularisation of the achievements of the first five-year plan, the study traces the ideological transition to national patriotic propaganda. The author refers to popular children’s magazines (Murzilka, Yozh, and Chizh) and books, some of which were created by avant-garde artists. The author considers the combination of text and image in children’s periodicals. Promoting industrial development, they presented the young reader with a whole arsenal of machines, putting forward a recognised “king” among them. There were a lot of applicants for wearing the “crown”, including military vehicles, which were extremely popular in the USSR. However, the Soviet country had a more terrible enemy than imperialists and counterrevolutionaries: malnutrition and hunger. It was this fact that made the tractor the main character of technical agitation at the turn of the 1930s in the USSR.
Decrees of Peter the Great to Guards Major Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov: New Archival Data
Authors: Anisimov Evgenii , Bazarova Tatiana , Proskuryakova Maria
Published: July 2022

This paper publishes nine documents devoted to the service of Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov (1672–1725), major of the Preobrazhensky Life-Guards Regiment between 1714 and 1721. The Novgorod nobleman started his career as a soldier in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. In 1706, Ushakov already had the rank of a lieutenant and was an adjutant of the tsar. Between the 1700s and early 1710s, Ushakov fulfilled diverse orders of Peter the Great: he delivered weapons, horses, gunpowder, provisions to the army, conducted reconnaissance missions, and reported on the location and movements of the Swedish army. In December 1708, Ushakov was involved in the work of an investigator for the first time. In the early 1710s, orders to control and investigate became Ushakov’s principal among various assignments. At the decision of the tsar, Ushakov became deputy of Pyotr Tolstoy, who was head of the Secret Chancellery established in February 1718 specifically to investigate Tsarevich Alexei’s escape. For his participation in the investigation, Ushakov was properly rewarded by Peter, who granted him the rank of a brigadier and lands confiscated from convicts. Ushakov maintained regular correspondence with the tsar: however, there is no unified collection of documents from Ushakov’s personal archive. For this publication, the authors chose decrees (written both in the sovereign’s own hand and in a clerk’s hand), letters by Tsarevna Ekaterina Alekseevna, and extracts from Senate books reflecting the participation of Ushakov in various events and investigations in the first quarter of the eighteenth century from the corpus of documents kept in the Archive of the St Petersburg Institute of History of the RAS.
The Russian Question at the Entente Conference in Cannes
Authors: Magadeev Iskander
Published: July 2022

This article aims to explore the significance of the “Russian question” at the Entente conference in Cannes, putting it into the European political context of October 1921 – January 1922. The author pays special attention to the two important rounds of the international negotiations, i. e., to the Anglo-French discussions in London in December 1921 and to the meeting of the Entente Supreme Council in Cannes itself (6–13 January 1922). The “Russian question” was one of the three key topics of these conferences; however, to the other matters (German reparations and Anglo-French security pact), it is under-researched. Besides the published diplomatic documents, the author refers to new evidence drawn from the national archives of France, Great Britain, and Belgium. The article concludes that the negotiations in London and Cannes mirrored the “Russian question”, as it stood in European politics at the end of 1921 and the beginning of 1922. D. Lloyd George, UK prime minister and initiator of the Genoa conference, was eager to use the “Russian question” as a means to further British interests, transform the Soviet regime, and reconstruct and appease Europe. It involved reducing tensions as a result of a non-aggression pact that did not impose any obligations on the UK in Eastern Europe. From the trade and economic points of view, the emphasis was put on the international consortium aimed at consolidating Western business in Russia, giving German industry leadership in the field. Nevertheless, an important part of eventual German profits in Russia would go to France and the UK as reparations. The development of the Cannes conference, which resulted in the resignation of the French cabinet led by A. Briand, showed that the “Russian question” was not only a topic of high politics, but also directly concerned the wider public and elites. Accelerating Briand’s dismissal, Lloyd George found a more stubborn opponent in his successor, R. Poincaré. As the prologue to Genoa, the Cannes meeting outlined some of its future problems as well.
2015 Revised Special Education Basic Curriculum Achievement Standards Analysis using Bloom’s New Education Objectives Classification System
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Kang Eunyoung , Kwon Minhyo , Yu hyeonuk , Bang Yunsu
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for setting the 2022 revised curriculum achievement standards by analyzing the 2015 revised basic curriculum achievement standards, among others, to provide a view of curriculum design and implementation using the basic curriculum achievement standards. To this end, a total of 1,130 achievement standards for the 2015 revised basic curriculum for special education were analyzed with the use of Bloom's new education objectives classification system. The main findings are as follows. First, because of the analysis of knowledge types, it is distributed with a focus on both factual and procedural knowledge. As a result of the analysis on the type of cognitive process, the distribution of 'remember,' 'understand,' and 'apply' is high; on the other hand, the cognitive process of 'analysis,' 'evaluate,' and 'creative' is low. Second, the results of the analysis of achievement-based knowledge types and cognitive process types by subject showed high factual knowledge types, followed by procedural knowledge types; furthermore, the distribution of both conceptual and metacognitive knowledge was relatively low. In the analysis of the cognitive process type, the cognitive process type of 'remember' and 'apply' was high; meanwhile, the cognitive process type of 'understand,' 'analysis,' 'evaluate,' and 'creative' were distributed low. An analysis regarding the relevance of knowledge types and cognitive process types by subject was found to present statements in the categories 'remember' and 'understand' in factual knowledge; the cognitive process of 'apply' in procedural knowledge; and statements in the categories 'analyze,' 'evaluate,' and 'creative' in metacognitive knowledge. Third, the results of the analysis of achievement-based knowledge type and cognitive process type by grade group showed the highest percentage of factual knowledge in all grade groups, followed by procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge. The results of the analysis on the type of cognitive process by grade group are distributed at a high rate in all grade groups that 'remember.' However, the cognitive processes of ‘analyze,’ ‘evaluate,’ and ‘create’ are distributed low. As a result of analyzing the relationship between the type of knowledge and the type of cognitive process by grade group, many statements in the 'remember' and 'understand' categories are distributed; in addition, conceptual statements are statements in the 'understand' category. Statement of the 'apply' category of procedural knowledge. In metacognitive knowledge, statements in the categories of 'analyze,' 'evaluate,' and 'creative' were found to be distributed. Based on these results, discussion points related to the development of future curriculum achievement standards were presented.
As formas de organização “em rede”: configuração e instrumento de análise da dinâmica industrial recente
Authors: MAZZALI LEONEL , COSTA VERA MARIZA H. MIRANDA
Published: July 2022

RESUMO A transição dos anos 80 para os 90 aponta para o crescimento de um novo padrão de industrialização e desenvolvimento. Nesse processo, novas formas de organização intra e inter firmas se desenvolvem. O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a “nova” forma de organização das empresas, a “rede”, e discutir os fundamentos teóricos que sustentam esse novo tipo de configuração da gestão das interdependências entre os agentes econômicos. Identificam-se duas linhas principais, centradas, respetivamente, na alocação e na criação de recursos, que dão visões distintas do processo de organização e da delimitação das inter-relações entre as empresas.
O conceito de pré-requisitos para a industrialização
Authors: NICOL ROBERT C.
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Embora A. Gerschenkron, algumas décadas atrás, tenha argumentado de maneira muito convincente que as pré-condições para a industrialização de um país não são rígidas, ainda faz sentido tentar identificar as pré-condições que devem ser aproximadamente cumpridas para que um país possa se industrializar. Essa ideia é aplicada ao Brasil no século XIX.
Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves of Intense Rainfall With Emphasis on the Behavior of the Upper Tail of the Distribution
Authors: Pansera Wagner Alessandro , Gomes Benedito Martins , Mello Eloy Lemos de , Saad João Carlos Cury
Published: July 2022

Abstract The design and management of various hydraulic structures (such as stormwater drains, bridges and dams) require the estimation of rainfall with duration of a few minutes up to 24 h or more. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves links probability of occurrence to a given rainfall intensity. The procedure for obtaining IDF curves basically involves two steps: (i) frequency analysis for different durations and (ii) modeling of IDF curves. In the first step, this study aimed to adequately select the upper tail weight of the following distributions: generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO) and generalized Pareto (GPA). In the second step, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of three models of IDF curves. The traditional model (M1) was compared with empirical model (M2) and a second-order polynomial model (M3). To perform this study, rainfall data from the city of Caraguatatuba (São Paulo state, Brazil) for the period between 1971 and 2001 were used, for time intervals between 10 and 1440 min. The main conclusions were: (i) GLO and GEV had heavy upper tail while GPA had light upper tail, impacting quantiles with T > 100 years; (ii) M3 presents errors lower than M1 for return periods greater than 100 years.
A organização das campanhas eleitorais nos municípios: o caso de Guarulhos em 2016
Authors: Alves Mércia
Published: July 2022

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a organização das campanhas eleitorais nos municípios, da seleção de candidatos à definição das estratégias de comunicação. A pesquisa caminhou a partir das perguntas: o processo de profissionalização, descrito pela literatura internacional e no Brasil, alcançou as campanhas majoritárias nos municípios? Em caso positivo, como e quais são as características desse processo nas campanhas eleitorais locais? Como se dá a expansão da estrutura física dos partidos e do número de pessoas envolvidas para a realização de atividades remuneradas e voluntárias durante o período eleitoral? Como são alocados e distribuídos os recursos financeiros dos partidos no gerenciamento das campanhas? Para responder a essas questões, foram selecionadas as campanhas de 2016, de PSB e Democratas, em Guarulhos, cidade onde os partidos não têm acesso ao HGPE no rádio e na televisão. Examinamos a dinâmica financeira das campanhas, e realizamos entrevistas com líderes dos partidos. Os principais resultados apontam que a profissionalização está sendo incorporada de forma desigual e em diferentes graus, a depender dos recursos disponíveis, das estratégias e perfil de candidatos.
Tornar-se Beauvoir: para além dos argumentos ad feminam
Authors: Peters Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Resumo Nessa inteligente biografia, a filósofa inglesa Kate Kirkpatrick rastreia, em perspectiva histórica, a trajetória existencial pela qual Beauvoir “tornou-se” Beauvoir. O livro acompanha como a pensadora francesa fez de sua própria personalidade-no-mundo um projeto deliberado, o qual teve de enfrentar uma série de resistências “ad feminam” oriundas de seu cenário sociocultural. Com base na leitura atenta dos diários que Beauvoir manteve durante seus tempos de estudante, publicados somente em 2008, Kirkpatrick lança nova luz sobre a evolução intelectual da pensadora francesa. Quando passa da sua juventude à sua maturidade e velhice, a biografia nunca perde de vista o complexo engajamento de Beauvoir com suas circunstâncias socio-históricas. Tal combinação de análise biográfica com um exercício em história cultural se mostra especialmente fecunda no trato da conturbada recepção de O segundo sexo e das respostas criativas da autora a essa recepção. Ademais, o livro de Kirkpatrick explora a densidade filosófica, literária e ético-política da obra beauvoiriana, densidade frequentemente deixada de lado por outras biografias em favor de uma concentração sobre a vida afetiva da filósofa. O respeito à complexidade e às nuances do pensamento de Beauvoir evidencia, finalmente, o erro de uma lógica reputacional sexista que, tomando seu trabalho como parasitário e derivativo em relação àquele de Jean-Paul Sartre, insiste em negar sua originalidade e independência intelectual.
Distribution, screening and biochemical characterization of indigenous microalgae for bio-mass and bio-energy production potential from three districts of Pakistan
Authors: Najeeb M. I. , Ahmad M.-D. , Anjum A. A. , Maqbool A. , Ali M. A. , Nawaz M. , Ali T. , Manzoor R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract Trend of biofuel production from microalgal triacylglycerols is enhancing, because this substrate is a good sustainable and advantageous alternative to oil and gas fuel. In the present study, indigenous micro algal isolates were screened from water (n=30) and soil (n=30) samples collected from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan to evaluate their biofuel production potential. The samples were inoculated on BG – 11 agar medium plates by incubating at room temperature of 25°C providing 1000 lux for 16h light cycle followed by 8h of dark cycle for 15 d. Water samples were found to be rich in microalgae and 65.33% microalgae (49 isolates) were isolated from Faisalabad district. On the basis of microscopic morphology microalgal isolates (n=180) were selected and subjected to lipid detection by Nile red staining assay. Nile red positive isolates (n=23) were processed for biochemical (lipid, protein and carbohydrates) characterization. AIN63 isolate showed higher lipids (17.4%) content as detected by micro vanillin assay. Algal isolate AIN128 showed best protein contents (42.91%) detected by Bradford assay and AIN172 isolate showed higher carbohydrate contents (73.83%) as detected by anthrone assay. The selected algal isolates were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for confirmation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid analysis. These indigenous algae have the potential for in-vitro biofuel production from agricultural waste.
Diversity, distribution and host plants of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Martins David dos Santos , Wolff Vera Regina dos Santos , Culik Mark Paul , Santos Beatriz Crisostomo dos , Fornazier Maurício José , Ventura José Aires
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), are phytophagous species that occur in major biogeographic regions of the world. Because of the importance of diaspidids as pests, there is widespread interest in countries that export and import unprocessed agricultural products in increased knowledge of this group which includes invasive and quarantine pests of great economic concern. The diversity, geographic distribution, and host of diaspidids were studied from November 2002 to December 2018 in 34 municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Forty species of Diaspididae from 27 genera were collected and identified. The species Acutaspis perseae (Comstock), A. umbonifera (Newstead), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard), Morganella longispina (Morgan), Mycetaspis apicata (Newstead), and Thysanofiorinia nephelii (Maskel) were found for the first time in Espírito Santo. The plant families Myrtaceae, Moraceae, Arecaceae, Asparagaceae, and Rutaceae had the greatest number of host plant species of armored scale. Fifty-seven new host associations were observed for 25 species of diaspidids and 11 diaspidid species were recorded for the first time from nine families of plants. Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan) was the most polyphagous species observed with 17 host plant species from 12 families, followed by Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green), and Parlatoria proteus (Curtis). With these new records, 41 species and 28 genera of Diaspididae have been recorded in Espírito Santo.
Checklist of Amazonian gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetidae, Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota)
Authors: ASSIS Nathalia Mendonça de , GÓIS Jefferson dos Santos , FREITAS-NETO Julimar Freire de , BARBOSA Flávia Rodrigues , BASEIA Iuri Goulart
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, with high biodiversity of organisms. Despite the increasing knowledge about fungal diversity in the last few years, many fungal taxa, including gasteroid clades, are still poorly known. Gasteroid fungi are recognized by the maturation of basidiospores inside the basidiomata and by the passive release of spores. We conducted a detailed survey of published data on the species that occur in Amazon forests. We confirmed the occurrence of 83 species distributed in 22 genera, eight families and four orders. The most representative genera was Geastrum, followed by Cyathus, Lycoperdon and Phallus. We present an identification key for Amazonian gasteroid genera and a map of record distribution. This review is expected to contribute to identify distribution gaps for further research on gasteroid fungi and to subsidize policies for the conservation of fungi in the Amazon region.
CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE VÍDEO EDUCACIONAL PARA PREVENÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL DE ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Souza Valesca Patriota de , Perrelli Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque , Brandão Neto Waldemar , Pereira Maria Beatriz Ferreira Leite de Oliveira , Guedes Tatiane Gomes , Monteiro Estela Maria Leite Meirelles
Published: July 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o processo de construção e validação de um vídeo educacional para prevenção da violência sexual em adolescentes em idade escolar. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo metodológico, desenvolvido durante o período de setembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2021 em Recife-PE. Foi realizada a produção de vídeo educacional de acordo com a trajetória metodológica proposta por Kindem e Musberg. O vídeo foi submetido a validação de conteúdo e avaliação de aparência, por juízes especialistas e adolescentes em idade escolar, respectivamente. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se frequência absoluta, índice de validade de conteúdo e teste binomial. Resultados: na validação de conteúdo, a concordância foi satisfatória e a média do índice de validade para todos os itens do vídeo foi de 0,92. Na avaliação de aparência, os adolescentes consideraram o vídeo compreensível, com nível de concordância mínima de 92,3%. Conclusão: o vídeo educacional construído foi considerado válido por juízes, para contribuir no conhecimento e atitude de adolescentes em idade escolar sobre a prevenção da violência sexual.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality: life expectancy reduction and geographical disparities in Argentina
Authors: Pou Sonia Alejandra , Diaz Maria Del Pilar , Gonzalez Leandro Mariano
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Argentina, considering temporal trends in life expectancy at birth and premature mortality rate during 2010-2020. Methods: Based on demographic projections, this ecological time-series study compares a “normal” versus a “COVID-19” mortality scenario for 2020 over a set of 11 Argentine provinces. Annual life expectancy at birth and age-standardized rates of premature mortality were estimated from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression and multilevel models were used. Results: A potential reduction in life expectancy at birth (a gap between scenarios >1 year) was observed. A significant (negative) point of inflection in temporal trends was identified for the country and most of the provinces, under the COVID-19 mortality scenario. However, our findings reveal disparities between provinces in the estimated life expectancy reduction toward 2020 (values range from -0.63 to -1.85 year in females and up to -2.55 years in males). While men showed more accentuated declines in life expectancy at birth in 2020 (a national gap between scenarios of -1.47 year in men vs. -1.35 year in women), women experienced more unfavorable temporal trends of premature mortality. In the absence of COVID-19, an improvement in both indicators was estimated toward 2020 in both sexes, while a return to levels reported in the past was observed under the COVID-19 scenario. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic might seriously affect the trends of mortality and exacerbate health disadvantages in Argentina. A temporal and contextual perspective of health inequities merits special attention in the COVID-19 research.
Prior Gradient Mask Guided Pruning-Aware Fine-Tuning
Authors: Cai Linhang , An Zhulin , Yang Chuanguang , Yan Yangchun , Xu Yongjun
Published: July 2022

We proposed a Prior Gradient Mask Guided Pruning-aware Fine-Tuning (PGMPF) framework to accelerate deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In detail, the proposed PGMPF selectively suppresses the gradient of those ”unimportant” parameters via a prior gradient mask generated by the pruning criterion during fine-tuning. PGMPF has three charming characteristics over previous works: (1) Pruning-aware network fine-tuning. A typical pruning pipeline consists of training, pruning and fine-tuning, which are relatively independent, while PGMPF utilizes a variant of the pruning mask as a prior gradient mask to guide fine-tuning, without
complicated pruning criteria. (2) An excellent tradeoff between large model capacity during fine-tuning and stable convergence speed to obtain the final compact model. Previous works preserve more training information of pruned parameters during fine-tuning to pursue better performance, which would incur catastrophic non-convergence of the pruned model for relatively large pruning rates, while our PGMPF greatly stabilizes the fine-tuning phase by gradually constraining the learning rate of those ”unimportant” parameters. (3) Channel-wise random dropout of the prior gradient mask to impose some gradient noise to fine-tuning to further improve the robustness of final compact model. Experimental results on three image classification benchmarks CIFAR10/ 100 and ILSVRC-2012 demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for various CNN architectures, datasets and pruning rates. Notably, on ILSVRC-2012, PGMPF reduces 53.5% FLOPs on ResNet-50 with only 0.90% top-1 accuracy drop and 0.52% top-5 accuracy drop, which has advanced the state-of-the-art with negligible extra computational cost.
Keypoint Message Passing for Video-Based Person Re-identification
Authors: Chen Di , Doering Andreas , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Jian , Gall Juergen , Schiele Bernt
Published: July 2022

Video-based person re-identification~(re-ID) is an important technique in visual surveillance systems which aims to match video snippets of people captured by different cameras. Existing methods are mostly based on convolutional neural networks~(CNNs), whose building blocks either process local neighbor pixels at a time, or, when 3D convolutions are used to model temporal information, suffer from the misalignment problem caused by person movement. In this paper, we propose to overcome the limitations of normal convolutions with a human-oriented graph method. Specifically, features located at person joint keypoints are extracted and connected as a spatial-temporal graph. These keypoint features are then updated by message passing from their connected nodes with a graph convolutional network~(GCN). During training, the GCN can be attached to any CNN-based person re-ID model to assist representation learning on feature maps, whilst it can be dropped after training for better inference speed. Our method brings significant improvements over the CNN-based baseline model on the MARS dataset with generated person keypoints and a newly annotated dataset: PoseTrackReID. It also defines a new state-of-the-art method in terms of top-1 accuracy and mean average precision in comparison to prior works.
GenCo: Generative Co-training for Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Data
Authors: Cui Kaiwen , Huang Jiaxing , Luo Zhipeng , Zhang Gongjie , Zhan Fangneng , Lu Shijian
Published: July 2022

Training effective Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) requires large amounts of training data, without which the trained models are usually sub-optimal with discriminator over-fitting. Several prior studies address this issue by expanding the distribution of the limited training data via massive and hand-crafted data augmentation. We handle data-limited image generation from a very different perspective. Specifically, we design GenCo, a Generative Co-training network that mitigates the discriminator over-fitting issue by introducing multiple complementary discriminators that provide diverse supervision from multiple distinctive views in training. We instantiate the idea of GenCo in two ways. The first way is Weight-Discrepancy Co-training (WeCo) which co-trains multiple distinctive discriminators by diversifying their parameters. The second way is Data-Discrepancy Co-training (DaCo) which achieves co-training by feeding discriminators with different views of the input images. Extensive experiments over multiple benchmarks show that GenCo achieves superior generation with limited training data. In addition, GenCo also complements the augmentation approach with consistent and clear performance gains when combined.
Lifelong Person Re-identification by Pseudo Task Knowledge Preservation
Authors: Ge Wenhang , Du Junlong , Wu Ancong , Xian Yuqiao , Yan Ke , Huang Feiyue , Zheng Wei-Shi
Published: July 2022

In real world, training data for person re-identification (Re-ID) is collected discretely with spatial and temporal variations, which requires a model to incrementally learn new knowledge without forgetting old knowledge. This problem is called lifelong person re-identification (LReID). Variations of illumination and background for images of each task exhibit task-specific image style and lead to task-wise domain gap. In addition to missing data from the old tasks, task-wise domain gap is a key factor for catastrophic forgetting in LReID, which is ignored in existing approaches for LReID. The model tends to learn task-specific knowledge with task-wise domain gap, which results in stability and plasticity dilemma. To overcome this problem, we cast LReID as a domain adaptation problem and propose a pseudo task knowledge preservation framework to alleviate the domain gap. Our framework is based on a pseudo task transformation module which maps the features of the new task into the feature space of the old tasks to complement the limited saved exemplars of the old tasks. With extra transformed features in the task-specific feature space, we propose a task-specific domain consistency loss to implicitly alleviate the task-wise domain gap for learning task-shared knowledge instead of task-specific one. Furthermore, to guide knowledge preservation with the feature distributions of the old tasks, we propose to preserve knowledge on extra pseudo tasks which jointly distills knowledge and discriminates identity, in order to achieve a better trade-off between stability and plasticity for lifelong learning with task-wise domain gap. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method as compared with the state-of-the-art lifelong learning and LReID methods.
Flow-Based Unconstrained Lip to Speech Generation
Authors: He Jinzheng , Zhao Zhou , Ren Yi , Liu Jinglin , Huai Baoxing , Yuan Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Unconstrained lip-to-speech aims to generate corresponding speeches based on silent facial videos with no restriction to head pose or vocabulary. It is desirable to generate intelligible and natural speech with a fast speed in unconstrained settings.
Currently, to handle the more complicated scenarios, most existing methods adopt the autoregressive architecture, which is optimized with the MSE loss. Although these methods have achieved promising performance, they are prone to bring issues including high inference latency and mel-spectrogram over-smoothness.
To tackle these problems, we propose a novel
flow-based non-autoregressive lip-to-speech model (GlowLTS) to break autoregressive constraints and achieve faster inference. Concretely, we adopt a flow-based decoder which is optimized by maximizing the likelihood of the training data and is capable of more natural and fast speech generation. Moreover, we devise a condition module to improve the intelligibility of generated speech.
We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method through objective and subjective evaluation on Lip2Wav-Chemistry-Lectures and Lip2Wav-Chess-Analysis datasets. Our demo video can be found at https://glowlts.github.io/.
SECRET: Self-Consistent Pseudo Label Refinement for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Re-identification
Authors: He Tao , Shen Leqi , Guo Yuchen , Ding Guiguang , Guo Zhenhua
Published: July 2022

Unsupervised domain adaptive person re-identification aims at learning on an unlabeled target domain with only labeled data in source domain. Currently, the state-of-the-arts usually solve this problem by pseudo-label-based clustering and fine-tuning in target domain. However, the reason behind the noises of pseudo labels is not sufficiently explored, especially for the popular multi-branch models. We argue that the consistency between different feature spaces is the key to the pseudo labels’ quality. Then a SElf-Consistent pseudo label RefinEmenT method, termed as SECRET, is proposed to improve consistency by mutually refining the pseudo labels generated from different feature spaces. The proposed SECRET gradually encourages the improvement of pseudo labels’ quality during training process, which further leads to better cross-domain Re-ID performance. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show the superiority of our method. Specifically, our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts by 6.3% in terms of mAP on the challenging dataset MSMT17. In the purely unsupervised setting, our method also surpasses existing works by a large margin. Code is available at https://github.com/LunarShen/SECRET.
Learning to Model Pixel-Embedded Affinity for Homogeneous Instance Segmentation
Authors: Huang Wei , Deng Shiyu , Chen Chang , Fu Xueyang , Xiong Zhiwei
Published: July 2022

Homogeneous instance segmentation aims to identify each instance in an image where all interested instances belong to the same category, such as plant leaves and microscopic cells. Recently, proposal-free methods, which straightforwardly generate instance-aware information to group pixels into different instances, have received increasing attention due to their efficient pipeline. However, they often fail to distinguish adjacent instances due to similar appearances, dense distribution and ambiguous boundaries of instances in homogeneous images. In this paper, we propose a pixel-embedded affinity modeling method for homogeneous instance segmentation, which is able to preserve the semantic information of instances and improve the distinguishability of adjacent instances. Instead of predicting affinity directly, we propose a self-correlation module to explicitly model the pairwise relationships between pixels, by estimating the similarity between embeddings generated from the input image through CNNs. Based on the self-correlation module, we further design a cross-correlation module to maintain the semantic consistency between instances. Specifically, we map the transformed input images with different views and appearances into the same embedding space, and then mutually estimate the pairwise relationships of embeddings generated from the original input and its transformed variants. In addition, to integrate the global instance information, we introduce an embedding pyramid module to model affinity on different scales. Extensive experiments demonstrate the versatile and superior performance of our method on three representative datasets. Code and models are available at https://github.com/weih527/Pixel-Embedded-Affinity.
Channelized Axial Attention – considering Channel Relation within Spatial Attention for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Huang Ye , Kang Di , Jia Wenjing , Liu Liu , He Xiangjian
Published: July 2022

Spatial and channel attentions, modelling the semantic interdependencies in spatial and channel dimensions respectively, have recently been widely used for semantic segmentation. However, computing spatial and channel attentions separately sometimes causes errors, especially for those difficult cases. In this paper, we propose Channelized Axial Attention (CAA) to seamlessly integrate channel attention and spatial attention into a single operation with negligible computation overhead. Specifically, we break down the dot-product operation of the spatial attention into two parts and insert channel relation in between, allowing for independently optimized channel attention on each spatial location. We further develop grouped vectorization, which allows our model to run with very little memory consumption without slowing down the running speed. Comparative experiments conducted on multiple benchmark datasets, including Cityscapes, PASCAL Context, and COCO-Stuff, demonstrate that our CAA outperforms many state-of-the-art segmentation models (including dual attention) on all tested datasets.
MuMu: Cooperative Multitask Learning-Based Guided Multimodal Fusion
Authors: Islam Md Mofijul , Iqbal Tariq
Published: July 2022

Multimodal sensors (visual, non-visual, and wearable) can provide complementary information to develop robust perception systems for recognizing activities accurately. However, it is challenging to extract robust multimodal representations due to the heterogeneous characteristics of data from multimodal sensors and disparate human activities, especially in the presence of noisy and misaligned sensor data. In this work, we propose a cooperative multitask learning-based guided multimodal fusion approach, MuMu, to extract robust multimodal representations for human activity recognition (HAR). MuMu employs an auxiliary task learning approach to extract features specific to each set of activities with shared characteristics (activity-group). MuMu then utilizes activity-group-specific features to direct our proposed Guided Multimodal Fusion Approach (GM-Fusion) for extracting complementary multimodal representations, designed as the target task. We evaluated MuMu by comparing its performance to state-of-the-art multimodal HAR approaches on three activity datasets. Our extensive experimental results suggest that MuMu outperforms all the evaluated approaches across all three datasets. Additionally, the ablation study suggests that MuMu significantly outperforms the baseline models (p
HarmoFL: Harmonizing Local and Global Drifts in Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Medical Images
Authors: Jiang Meirui , Wang Zirui , Dou Qi
Published: July 2022

Multiple medical institutions collaboratively training a model using federated learning (FL) has become a promising solution for maximizing the potential of data-driven models, yet the non-independent and identically distributed (non-iid) data in medical images is still an outstanding challenge in real-world practice. The feature heterogeneity caused by diverse scanners or protocols introduces a drift in the learning process, in both local (client) and global (server) optimizations, which harms the convergence as well as model performance. Many previous works have attempted to address the non-iid issue by tackling the drift locally or globally, but how to jointly solve the two essentially coupled drifts is still unclear. In this work, we concentrate on handling both local and global drifts and introduce a new harmonizing framework called HarmoFL. First, we propose to mitigate the local update drift by normalizing amplitudes of images transformed into the frequency domain to mimic a unified imaging setting, in order to generate a harmonized feature space across local clients. Second, based on harmonized features, we design a client weight perturbation guiding each local model to reach a flat optimum, where a neighborhood area of the local optimal solution has a uniformly low loss. Without any extra communication cost, the perturbation assists the global model to optimize towards a converged optimal solution by aggregating several local flat optima. We have theoretically analyzed the proposed method and empirically conducted extensive experiments on three medical image classification and segmentation tasks, showing that HarmoFL outperforms a set of recent state-of-the-art methods with promising convergence behavior. Code is available at: https://github.com/med-air/HarmoFL