bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مشكلــة الملوحة في منطقـة الفرات الأوســط
Authors: م.م.بدور عبداللطيف ثامر  , أ.م.د. هاتف لفته فتين
Published: June 2023

المستخلص

    وتعد الملوحة من أهم المشاكل التي تواجه الانتاج الزراعي في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة والتي تقع منطقة دراستنا ضمنها أذ شملت كل من المحافظات (بابل وكربلاء والنجف والقادسية والمثنى ) ، اذ ان معظم اراضي وسط العراق وجنوبه تخضع الى درجات مختلفة من التملح ، وقد تناول البحث في المبحث الاول اساليب الري ودورها في تملح الاراضي الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة, لازالت منطقة الدراسة تعتمد على اساليب الري القديمة وبلغت مساحة الأراضي المرواة سيحاً (1663134 دونماً ) وبنسبة (68%) من مجموع المساحة المحددة رياً (2419965 دونماً) ومساحة الاراضي المرواة بالواسطة تبلغ (756829 دونماً) وبنسبة ( 32% ) من مجموع المساحة المروية (2419965 دونماً ). وتناول المبحث الثاني التوزيع المكاني لتراكيز ملوحة التربة في تربة منطقة الدراسة وتتباين ملوحة التربة في منطقة الدراسة أذ تزداد كلما ابتعدنا عن كتوف الانهار باتجاه الاحواض , واظهرت نتائج التحاليل للتربة حسب ملوحة التربة في منطقة الدراسة ظهور المناطق التالية:

الاراضي ذوات الملوحة القليلة .

الاراضي ذوات الملوحة المتوسطة.

الاراضي ذوات الملوحة الشديدة.

الاراضي ذوات الملوحة الشديدة جداً.

     وخرج البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات من اجل التخلص من ملوحة التربة ووضع الحلول لحل هذه المشكلة.
بناء مقياس السلطوية لدى طلبة جامعة الموصل
Authors: أ.م.د.قيس محمد علي
Published: June 2023

هدف البحث الى بناء مقياس السلطوية لدى طلبة جامعة الموصل، والتعرف الى مستوى السلطوية لدى أفراد عينة البحث، فضلا عن الكشف عن دلالة الفروق في مستوى الحسد لدى أفراد عينة البحث تبعا لمتغير نوع الجنس (ذكور/ اناث)، كما هدف البحث الى استخراج المعايير الاحصائية لمقياس السلطوية. تكونت عينة البحث النهائية التي خضعت بياناتها للتحليل الاحصائي من (817) طالبا وطالبة من كليات جامعة الموصل في السنة الدراسية 2022/ 2023، تكون مقياس السلطوية بصورته النهائية من (42) فقرة موزعة على ثلاث مجالات رئيسة، استخدم الباحث الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة ولعينتين ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون بوصفها وسائل احصائية للتوصل الى النتائج التي بينت أن نسبة (86.90%) من أفراد عينة البحث لا يظهرون استجابات سلطوية، بينما أظهر(2.33%) من أفراد عينة البحث استجابات سلطوية عالية جدا، وتوصلت النتائج أن الذكور يظهرون استجابات سلطوية بمستوى أعلى من الاناث.
النظر اللغويّ في معرفيّة الإمام جعفر الصّادق (ت148هــ)
Authors: الوائلي أ.م.د .جمانة عبد المهـدي جاسم
Published: June 2023

Praise be to God, we praise Him, we seek His help, and we seek His forgiveness, and I pray upon Muhammad, His trustworthy servant and His honorable Messenger, and upon his pure and chaste family, the solid foundations of knowledge, and the preponderant weights of wisdom, and peace be upon him.

         And yet, Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq left a great gift from his blessed, supremely eloquent speech, whose eloquence is irresistible, whose sea does not bleed, whose depths are not comprehended, and whose lust is not pursued, since the paths of rhetoric were humiliated for him, as his speech is among the approaches, the buildings are smooth, how not when he is from a house  They were known for their eloquence and eloquence, so they are - as Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said - “We are the princes of speech, and in us its veins grow, and upon us its branches let down (the words of Imam Ali, the collection of Al-Sharif Al-Radi, 2008 AD: 448); therefore, Imam Ali bin Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) said  ) "They expressed our conversation;  I am an eloquent people” (Al-Kulaini, 2002 AD, 1/68).

         The words of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) included fragments and luminous glimpses that indicate a clear approach and insightful and distinct linguistic thought, especially what we have received from Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) (d. 148 AH).  It was set in the middle of the second century of the Hijra (Al-Baghdadi, 1093 AH: 3/343).

         In this research, I have consistently explained the linguistic consideration of the knowledge of Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) according to what we have received of his heritage in this regard.  Therefore, it was divided into five axes containing the most prominent clear and bright highlights of Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq in this field of knowledge.  It specialized in the linguistic explanatory aspect of the nomenclature, and finally the fifth axis that I devoted to a picture of the rhetorical aspect of Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), and it is worth noting that the opinions, sayings, and rulings of Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) were spread in separate books, which I adopted in this research.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis For An OSN Model with Delay
Authors: WANG Liancheng , WANG Min
Published: June 2023

In this research, we propose and study an online social network mathematical model with delay based on two innovative assumptions: (1) newcomers are entering community as either potential online network users or that who are never interested in online network at constant rates, respectively; and (2) it takes a certain time for the active online network users to start abandoning the network. The basic reproduction $R_0,$ the user-free equilibrium(UFE) $P_0,$ and the user-prevailing equilibrium(UPE) $P^*$ are identified. The analysis of local and global stability for those equilibria is carried out. For the UPE $P^*,$ using the delay $\tau$ as the Hopf bifurcation parameter, the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation is investigated. The conditions are established that guarantee the Hopf bifurcation occurs as $\tau$ crosses the critical values. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
A framework for estimating the anthropogenic part of Antarctica’s sea level contribution in a synthetic setting
Authors: Bradley Alexander , Bett David , Holland Paul , Williams C. Rosie , Arthern Robert , De Rydt Jan
Published: June 2023

The relative contributions of anthropogenic climate change and internal variability in sea level rise from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are yet to be determined. Even the way to address this question is not yet clear, since these two are linked through ice-ocean feedbacks and probed using ice sheet models with substantial uncertainty. Here we demonstrate how their relative contributions can be assessed by simulating the retreat of a synthetic ice sheet setup using an ice sheet model. Using a Bayesian approach, we construct distributions of sea level rise associated with this retreat. We demonstrate that it is necessary to account for both uncertainties arising from both a poorly-constrained model parameter and stochastic variations in climatic forcing, and our distributions of sea level rise include these two. These sources of uncertainty have only previously been considered in isolation. We identify characteristic effects of climate change on sea level rise distributions in this setup, most notably that climate change increases both the median and the weight in tails of distributions. From these findings, we construct metrics quantifying the role of climate change on both past and future sea level rise, suggesting that its attribution is possible even for unstable marine ice sheets.
Creeping Toward A Culture: The Theatre in English Canada Since 1945
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

It was the French critic, Ferdinand Brunetiere, who spoke of the curious relationship between periods of national awareness, national identity and major periods of dramatic literature, Utilizing in his essay, The Law of the Drama (1894), that keyword of 19th century thought — Will — and identifying Will with realization of national selfhood, Brunetière pointed out that

. . . it is always at the exact moment of its national existence when the will of a great people is exalted within itself, that we see its dramatic art reach also the highest point of its development, and produce its masterpieces. Greek tragedy is contemporary with the Persian wars . . . Consider the Spanish theatre: Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calderon, belong to the time when Spain was extending over all of Europe, as well as over the New World, the domination of her Will . . . And France in the 17th century? The greatest struggle that our fathers made to maintain the unity of the French nation was at the end of the 16th century . . . The development of the theatre followed immediately . . . I do not see a dramatic renaissance whose dawn has not been announced, as it were, by some progress, or some arousing of the will.1
Nationalism and the French Canadian Drama
Authors: Wagner Anton
Published: June 2023

The ongoing struggle for the creation of a genuine, independent Canadian culture and political identity has resulted in a peculiar alliance between Canadian arts and politics since the second World War. Unable or unwilling to make the necessary economic and political decisions to fully guarantee Canada’s national sovereignty, the federal government, particularly since the creation of the Canada Council in 1957, has encouraged the artistic community to create the kind of national consciousness that would prevent the complete Canadian cultural, economic and political assimilation into the U.S. orbit.
Head, Guts and Sound Bone Dance: A New Play
Authors: Cook Michael
Published: June 2023

No professional theatre. Few manifestations of that culture which reached its nadir in Sir Kenneth Clark’s urbane and suitably witless review of two thousand years of man’s struggle for expression in that TV series, ineptly titled ‘Civilization.’ Our cities lack dignity, coherence, the obvious manifestations of history. They are, I suppose, Canadian insofar as they reflect the tastes and aspirations of that ruling middle class who inherited the traditional values of Empire.
Vancouver II
Authors: Soule Donald
Published: June 2023

Canadian Content has come to the Canadian theatre. Like Nigeria, Jamaica and Australia, Canada has now begun to show an interest in developing its native playwrights and plays.
Montreal
Authors: Gelinas Marc F.
Published: June 2023

Pierre Gauvreau est peintre. Il fut aussi réalisateur de télévision à Radio-Canada, directeur du service de réalisation à Radio-Québec, producteur puis directeur de la production française à l’O.N.F. Il est aujourd’hui réalisateur à la pige et termine à Radio-Québec plus de 15 heures d’émissions de télévision sur le théâtre d’amateurs au Québec. Monsieur Gauvreau a suivi les activités de différentes troupes tout au long de l’hiver 1972-73 et a passé huit jours au festival de l’Association Québécoise du Jeune Théâtre à Jonquière le printemps dernier. Pierre Gauvreau insiste pour dire que les pensées et les constations qui suivent ne viennent pas toutes de lui, qu’elles sont le fruit de ses rencontres avec les responsables du jeune théâtre et qu’il les fait aujourd’hui siennes:
A House Is Not A Home
Authors: Papp Joseph
Published: June 2023

New York producer Joseph Papp recently caused a flurry of headlines across Canada when he addressed some 250 arts managers in Ottawa and told them that the design of the 800-seat theatre in the National Arts Centre was “lousy” and that it “doesn’t work as a theatre.” He said that its layout was “divisive” separating the audience from the stage and the seating was “sprawled.” And it was “obvious,” he said during his talk, that people in the arts were not consulted in the design of the NAC. One of the first people to respond to Papp’s attack was Montreal architect Fred Lebensold, designer of the NAC. Lebensold pointed out that “a great number of people in dance, theatre and opera were consulted all along. No other arts centre has had as much artistic input as the NAC.” When CTR requested a copy of the full text of his remark s for publication, Papp agreed but pointed out that his specific comments on the NA C were made “off-the-cuff.” Nevertheless, his comments on arts centres in general were significant enough to warrant publication even without, what has come to be known around the country as, “the Papp smear.”
Yiddish Renaissance
Authors: Sabbath Lawrence
Published: June 2023

Yiddish theatre is having one of its periodic revivals in America. In New York, it’s a mixture of old and new faces in plays and musicals but in Canada it’s Montreal and Toronto talent seeking to establish a foothold of interest in year-round production, primarily with musical comedies.
Sam Shepard’s London
Authors: Chubb Kenneth
Published: June 2023

Sam Shepard moved to England to get away from New York and America and to get into the rock music scene in London. Shepard is a good drummer but his fantasy of arriving in England and “somehow falling into a rock’n’roll band … didn’t work.” His plays had preceded him courtesy of the LaMama Touring Company and a few isolated productions. In 1969 the Royal Court Upstairs produced Operation Sidewinder; in 1971, the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh produced Cowboy Mouth and in May of 1972 the Wakefield Tricycle Company produced Red Cross. That July the Open Space presented the first play he had written in England, The Tooth of Crime and at the same time Wakefield Tricycle Company presented Cowboys #2. These productions received a lot of critical attention and the fact that Shepard was in London encouraged other productions and some commissions.
Théâtre Québecois or Théâtre Protestant?
Authors: Germain Jean-Claude
Published: June 2023

As I see it, Quebec is neither a province nor a region of Canada but a country with a culture of its own. That a country should have its own culture does not seem to me to be a particularly unusual thing. What is unusual is for one country to have two cultures or, to look at things in a slightly different way, for a culture to have no country. I really have never been able to understand how Quebec could be seen as part of a cultural whole when it is, in fact, a who le by itself.
Quebec Theatre: A Photographic Essay
Authors: Kieffer Daniel
Published: June 2023

p.23 Diguidi, Diguidi, Ha, Ha, Ha by Jean-Claude Germain produced by Les Ptits Enfants Laliberte. Claude Maher, Gilbert Lepage, Murielle Dutil. Directed by Jean-Claude Germain.
The Mae Edwards Players
Authors: Phillips Fred H.
Published: June 2023

By the early 1930’s, touring theatre companies had all but been destroyed in Canada thanks to the Great Depression and the emergence of radio and film as art forms. One company still holding on into the decade, though, was the Mae Edwards Players — a company which formally began its life in 1917 and which, in just a few years, had developed an impressive touring repertory of more than a hundred shows.
The Caracas Festival
Authors: Merin Jennifer
Published: June 2023

The Caracas Festival, held annually each April, is global in scope, but much of its attention is devoted to Latin American theatre. The term “Latin American theatre” most accurately describes a geographical phenomenon, rather than a generic one. Latin American groups at the Festival represented as wide a variety of artistic concerns, theories and techniques as exists anywhere. Their presentations ranged from a relatively traditional Spanish language production of Chekhov’s Three Sisters (Uruguay) to a street mime show with strong political content from Ecuador. Significantly, Latin American theatre people consider themselves to be involved in the evolution of an aesthetic that responds to and reflects the cultural, social and political realities of Latin American life.
Swinarski’s Death
Authors: Szydlowski Roman
Published: June 2023

The death of Polish director Konrad Swinarski this past year left a gap in European theatre that it will probably not be easy to fill for many years. When he died in an airplane crash near Damascus at the age of 46, he was at the height of his creative powers and those who looked to him to continue the dialectical work of his friend and mentor, Bertolt Brecht, suffered a great loss indeed.
The Homosexual Question
Authors: Bentley Eric
Published: June 2023

What happens now that that Love has dared to name its name? Actually, several names have been named, and none of them provides any grounds for enthusiasm. Homosexual? A linguistic hybrid and monstrosity, as Edward Carpenter long ago pointed out. And one, as we may point out today, that can only give rise to other linguistic monstrosities, like homophobe. And more serious than the linguistics is the suggestibility of the word: no heterosexual thinks himself defined by the heterosexual label, whereas we homosexuals are considered to be defined by nothing else, we are those strange — yes, queer — people who, in bed, perform antics A, B, and C. The word gay is less clinical but hardly more flattering. While it conveys the salutary notion — to be elaborated below — that it is very important not to be earnest, it also, alas, comes down to us in an aura of curly blonde hair, blue eyes and prettily vacuous laughter.
Focus on the Festivals
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

Theatre, of course, does need an audience to function and bottoms do have to be on the seats if work is to be done. And if this were, in fact, the quintessence of theatrical art, our major summer festivals would score highly indeed. This past season, for instance, the Stratford Festival under Robin Phillips attracted larger audiences than ever before, the Shaw Festival under Paxton Whitehead took in more money at its box office than ever before, and the Charlottetown Festival under Alan Lund ran at over 90 percent of capacity during a summer when tourism was down more than 30 percent in the Maritimes.
Ryga and Theatre Network
Authors: Melnyk George
Published: June 2023

Because his plays are often critical of society, and at times explicitly anti-capitalist, George Ryga has often been forced to depend on Canada’s semi-professional theatres — groups receiving little and often no funding — to inaugurate his plays. And while these groups, like poorly-trained guerrilla bands, lacking experience, money, and power, have made up for their deficiencies with enthusiasm, commitment, and self-sacrifice, there can be no question that Ryga’s reliance on them has taken its toll. During a workshop at a conference on theatre held recently in Edmonton, Ryga admitted that his plays have suffered because he has been forced to deal with novice actors and directors. He added that this was the price he had to pay because the more “bourgeois” theatres were often hesitant about his work.
The New Theatre Festival
Authors: Merin Jennifer
Published: June 2023

TNT is a theatre festival with a difference. Also known as The New Theatre Festival, and held this year at the Catonsville campus of the University of Maryland from June 7 to 12, TNT is, as theatre festivals go, quite unique. Bringing together theatre companies from all parts of the United States and the world, the first priority of the festival is to give the participants an opportunity to get acquainted with one another’s work — something which geographic isolation tends to make virtually impossible under normal circumstances. It’s also the feature which most clearly gives TNT its distinctive quality.
Rider on a Galloping Horse
Authors: Ryga George
Published: June 2023

On June 4, 1976, George Ryga — as leader of a group of 24 Canadians — arrived in Peking for the start of a 19-day tour of China. In addition to Peking, the group visited Shihchiachuang, Linhsien County in Honanprovince, Anyang, Changsha, and Kwielin in the deep south of China, crossing the Shumchun Bridge into Hong Kong on June 22nd. Ryga recorded the following impressions of life and art in China for CTR. He is presently at work on a book-length treatment of his China experiences, also to be titled, Rider on a Galloping Horse.
Edmonton
Authors: Baldridge Mary Humphrey
Published: June 2023

The Lunchbox Theatre, Calgary’s third professional theatre company, began operation during the 1975-76 season. As its name indicates, it is a noon-hour theatre, playing between twelve and one o’clock, on the five work days of the week. So far, Lunchbox’s track record has been impressive — approximately 73% attendance for the season as a whole.
Theatre in Soviet Georgia
Authors: Ryan Oscar
Published: June 2023

About a year ago, during an archeological dig in Soviet Georgia, excavators found an old theatrical mask lost or discarded by Greek or perhaps Georgian actors many centuries ago. A picture of the mask now hangs in a modest conference room in Tbilisi and it also appears on a small lapel pin worn by the Georgian Theatre Society’s members, who adopted it as an emblem, their link with a culture and a people whose origins reach back well before the adoption of Christianity by feudal Georgia in 350 A.D.
Contemporary Dramatists
Authors: Vinson James , Stephenson Tony
Published: June 2023

This reference work is, in fact, the third volume in a series called Contemporary Writers of the English Language. The first two volumes deal with poets and novelists respectively. The value of a work like this is that it can be a useful aid to teachers preparing courses, students doing research, or to anyone interested generally in drama who wants a detailed account of a particular writer’s career. The difficulty comes with the interpretation of the word “contemporary”. Ruby Cohn, in her preface, confesses that the definition used by the compilers was “biologically alive (for this volume)”. This leads to some curious inclusions and exclusions: J.B. Priestley but not John Whiting; George Abbott and Dore Senary but not Carson McCullers and Loraine Hansberry. In many cases those excluded by reason of death have contributed as much or more to contemporary theatre in its wider sense than the conventional playwrights who are given pages of coverage. In some cases, too, death has intruded since 1973, when the book was published, and put some of the entries into the “no longer biologically alive” category: among them are Noel Coward, William Inge and W.H. Auden.
The Classic Dilemma
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: June 2023

This past February there were three English classics playing simultaneously in Vancouver theatres. The Playhouse Theatre Company was staging King Lear, the Arts Club was celebrating the 200th anniversary of The School for Scandal, and the West Coast Actors produced The Merchant of Venice, barely resting after Charlie’s Aunt. At about the same time five members of the Royal Shakespeare Company brought three anthology shows (mostly Shakespeare) to Simon Fraser University, and a little later, Sir Michael Redgrave with a small company of British actors recited their favourite passages from the Bard for three weeks at the David Y.H. Lui Theatre.
Manitoba: A Puppet Perspective
Authors: Yates Sarah
Published: June 2023

As popular entertainment, puppets are at least as old as theatre. Glove puppets, as Plato called them, or, as we would refer to them, hand puppets, reached their peak of popularity in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries through the many wandering puppeteers who developed their art from England and France to Italy and Russia. Through the years, however, the art diminished and eventually became associated with vulgarity and shoddy performances. In time, Italian marionettes assumed a role of greater importance. Nevertheless, hand puppets, particularly of the Punch and Judy variety, maintained the old traditions and retailed a consistent popularity.
Stratford, Charlottetown
Authors: Green Joseph G.
Published: June 2023

The 25th Anniversary Season of the Stratford Festival has been well-covered by the local and international press. Its significance has been discussed and its quality assessed. General acclaim has been heaped on the Festival and on Robin Phillips, its aggressive and imaginative Artistic Director and guiding light. The anger which greeted Mr. Phillips’ appointment three years ago has, for the most part, faded into dim memory.
The Dead Class: Scene By Scene
Authors: Klossowicz Jan
Published: June 2023

The Dead Class — A Dramatic Seance is a composition made up of both Tadeusz Kantor’s own texts and those of three leading Polish avant garde writers of the 1930’s: Stanislaw I. Witkiewicz, Witold Gombrowicz and Bruno Schulz. A few of the characters, snatches of dialogue, the structure of some scenes and some monologues are taken from Witkiewicz’s play Tumour Brainard. As for Gombrowicz, Kantor has drawn on his work for the symbolic treatment of objects and parts of the human body, growing huge and alienating themselves from it (“heel”, “finger”, “backside”, the making of faces), as well as for the atmosphere of schoolboyish jokes and antics. Finally, Bruno Schulz’s short story The Pensioner, whose hero returns in his last days to his old school room, suggested the overall idea of the piece. Another thing that Kantor takes from Schulz’s writings is the setting and distinctive local colour of a small town in southeastern Poland as it was in those days, with a sizable Jewish population and with memories and traditions of the pre-1918 Austrian occupation still fresh. Schulz, who illustrated his own works, also inspired the visual style of the play; its combination of naturalism and expressionism and the deformed figures populating the school room owe much to Schulz’s drawings.
Shaw and the Play of Ideas
Authors: Whitman Robert F. , Stephenson Tony
Published: June 2023

The title of this new study of George Bernard Shaw perhaps embodies a play on words for in fact it is not so much about the plays as vehicles for his ideas as about the “play” of his ideas generally. It is not , however, about Shaw’s playfulness with ideas. Indeed, Mr. Whitman’s thesis is that Shaw’s ideas, far from being a multicoloured patchwork of deliberate quirkiness and perverse paradox, are in fact part of a steadily developing philosophy. This philosophy, he maintains, is concerned centrally with the play of opposing ideas and other opposing forces in human life.
Sartre on Theatre
Authors: Sartre Jean-Paul , Contat Michel , Rybalka Michel , Katz Shirley
Published: June 2023

Sartre on Theatre is a collection of documents, lectures, int erviews and conver sations which gives the reader, in th e first hal f of the book, Sartre’s theory of theatre and in the second half, Sartre’s cr itique of his own plays. This is a very valuable book. It is beautitully edited and annotated, it provides good bibliographical data and except for one silly sentence (“Many of those who consider him one of the three or four great contemporary writers have read nothing of Sartre’s but one or two of his plays .”), it provides a succinct and helpful introduction. The documents come from a variety of sources, bits and pieces from a lecture delivered at the sanatorium at Bouffernont, from a lecture at the Sorbonne, from his vast work on Flaubert, L’Idiot de la famille, and so on. From this last , the editors give us Sartre’s very interesting restatement of Diderot’s “paradox of the actor” and his fascinating analysis of what constitutes the comic actor. Given the origin of most of the documents, it is no surprise that the tone of Sartre on Theatre is informa l and conversational. The usual convoluted style and specialized vocabulary of Sartre’s theoretical writings are replaced here by straightforward prose.
Shakespeare In Ottawa
Authors: Berry Ralph
Published: June 2023

In the few months that John Wood and Jean Gascon have been in charge of theatre at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa many new theatrical ripples have begun to appear on the scene. One of the more interesting was their willingness to take on Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida or, perhaps to be more accurate, to go up against the Stratford Festival in a way that makes comparisons inevitable. In general, CTR does not publish “reviews” of single productions preferring instead to devote our limited space to “seasons” and “trends”. But in this instance, it did seem reasonable to take a closer look. Our observer was Shakespearean scholar Ralph Berry.
Making The Rounds
Authors: Close J. Herbert
Published: June 2023

Now that playwright Rick Salutin is $5,000 richer thanks to his winning the 1977 Chalmers Canadian Play Award for his Les Canadiens, he’s turning his sights to a new project which he and playwright Michael Cook would do together. The subject? Neither writer is saying publicly but if you were to suggest it was the life of Joey Smallwood, chances are you’d be pretty close… . Other finalists for the ‘77 Chalmers included Carol Bolt (One Night Stand), The Second City Revue Troupe (East of Eaton’s), George Walker (Zastrozzi), and Ken Mitchell and Humphrey and the Dumptrucks (Cruel Tears). These four split a $2,500 award. … It was, no doubt, a chilly group of Citadel actors who returned recently from one of the most extensive theatre tours ever undertaken through the Northwest Territories, northern Alberta and the Yukon. Offering up four different productions and sponsored by Alberta Culture, the Canada Council’s Touring Office and the Citadel’s own Ladies Auxiliary which kicked in $7,000, the tour took the company of six through Inuvik, Frobisher Bay, Pangnirtung, Lake Harbour, Cape Dorset, Whitehorse, Destruction Bay, Beaver Creek, Rainbow Lake and Fort Vermillion. The kindergarten to grade threes up north saw Paddy Campbell‘s Chinook; the grade four to sixers watched Rex Deverell‘s The Shinbone General Store Caper; and grade seven to niners were treated to Isabelle Foord‘s wryly titled, I Don’t Care What It Looks Like As Long As It’s Warm. For the high schoolers and adults, director Keith Digby put together a collage of classical scenes called Ages of Man.
London
Authors: Page Malcolm
Published: June 2023

Three impressions from a recent visit to Britain: non-Establishment theatre is more flourishing than before; this theatre has found a purpose in explorations of Left politics and contemporary issues; communally-created shows prompt special enthusiasm and excitement in their performers.
The Sum of Interior Angles
Authors: Tadashi Suzuki , Hoff Frank , Goodman David G.
Published: June 2023

The At the behest of such luminaries as Jean-Louis Barrault and Jerzy Grotowski, Suzuki Tadashi and the Waseda Little Theatre have performed in numerous theatre festivals across Europe. In recent years, Suzuki, in cooperation with the Kanze family of Nō actors, has been exploring the potential of Nō acting technique in the presentation of Greek as well as modern tragedy. Among their productions have been Euripides’ The Trojan Women and The Bacchae, the Nō play Tsunemasa, and original works written by Suzuki. The following article (translated from Suzuki’s 1973 volume, The Sum of Interior Angles: Collected Theatre Essays) brings together many of Suzuki’s views on contemporary Japanese acting which he feels has lost touch with its own roots and is now simply mimicking either traditional or foreign patterns. Rather, he argues, the modern actor must use these elements as his own reference points in an attempt to find and objectify himself.
My Beatles: A play
Authors: Makoto Satō
Published: June 2023

©1973, Satō Makoto. Translation Copyright ©1973, 1978, David G. Goodman. Permission to perform this play or scenes from it must be obtained in writing from the translator and royalties must be paid on every performance. Unauthorized reproduction of this script for any reason whatsoever is forbidden by copyright. Performance permission may be obtained by writing to David G. Goodman 21 Cornell St., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A.
The Shakespeare Revolution: Criticism and Performance in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Styan J.L. , Berry Ralph
Published: June 2023

“Young man, how dare you meddle with Our Shakespeare!” Thus threatened an anonymous lady, shaking her fist in the face of the designer for Nigel Playfair’s futurist As You Like It. By the end of Professor Styan’s The Shakespeare Revolution, such dinosaurs have been reduced to geophysical irrelevance, and “the real Shakespeare” authentically discovered. This is the record (substantively, from the Victorian era to 1970) of a triumphal historic progress, the change in our perception of Shakespeare in the theatre and in the study. Its heroes are William Poel, Harley Granville-Barker, Tyrone Guthrie, and Peter Brook. Its symbolic villains are Beerbohm Tree, A.C. Bradley (“Bradley’s great book may in time be seen as a disaster”), and, most sinister, closet Shakespeare. (“Closet Shakespeare was soon to receive a shattering blow.”) The dual theme here is the evolution of superior methods in the theatre, and the rapprochement between theatre and scholarship. Its conclusion is a serene accord between stage and study based on equal status and a shared assumption, “the perception of the plays as blueprints for performance.” All this is set down with a deft and wide-ranging touch. Cambridge, be it said, have done well to produce a book with so much text and 18 plates for so modest a price (albeit the proofreading is not impeccable), and this book deserves to be on the shelf of every Shakespearean, of whichever tribe. It is an authoritative statement of a ruling orthodoxy.
Aside: Japan and the Sense of Self
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

“For 30 years now, the world has been hearing — without widely comprehending — the rumble of great cultural, social, and economic explosions in modern Japan. Suddenly the Westerner becomes aware that Japan has more universities than all of western Europe: soon half of Japanese youth will be able to get a higher education. Equally suddenly, the world begins to see Japanese everywhere: proportionally to population, they have become the globe’s most assiduous travellers. In the process of vastly improving the quality and quantity of their food and health care, the Japanese, who three decades ago died at 50, have joined the Scandinavians as the world’s longest-lived people … . The Japanese have acquired the world’s largest steel company, and become the builders of not only the world’s biggest and most modern ships but also the great majority of all ships. Japanese automakers whose names the world scarcely knew in the mid-1960’s have since then surpassed all others except the two biggest American companies… . Yet if what is new in Japan is astonishing, what is old contains even greater wonders and marvels… .”
Toward A Renewed Federal Presence
Authors: MacDonald David
Published: June 2023

During his tenure in the House of Commons as critic of Liberal cultural policy, Progressive Conservative MP David MacDonald spoke about the need to establish priorities in the cultural field. Now that MacDonald is in a position to put his ideas into effect—he is the new Secretary of State—it seems an appropriate time to document some of his statements relating to the arts. The following remarks by MacDonald were made during the House budget debate last November 24th.
Theatre in Ottawa: The Not-So-Natural Growth
Authors: Wells Karin
Published: June 2023

The story of theatre in Ottawa is basically the same story as theatre in many cities across the country showing a clear growth pattern from amateur to semi-professional to professional activities. But unlike other cities of its size in Canada (its population today is about 600,000) Ottawa has long laboured under the burden of also being the national capital and that has meant that Ottawa’s natural theatrical growth processes have also been somewhat eccentric. To put it simply, when the $46 million National Arts Centre opened its doors in 1969 in Ottawa, virtually all other theatres in the city disappeared. But after the Arts Centre’s first decade, natural growth is starting to re-appear around it and other groups are now beginning to draw serious attention as well. The following two pieces—written especially for CTR by nationally-known CBC critic Karin Wells and Ottawa freelancer Alan Filewod—take a look at Ottawa’s theatre life today in terms of both where it has been and where it may be going.
Theatresports
Authors: Johnstone Keith
Published: June 2023

Theatre games and improvisational theatre became very big in the sixties all over the world. In England, one of the most imaginative of the companies involved in this work was a group called the Theatre Machine. Founded by Keith Johnstone, the group performed regularly in an upstairs space at the Royal Court Theatre. In 1971, Johnstone left Theatre Machine. Shortly thereafter he surfaced in Calgary as a teacher in the University of Calgary’s Drama Department. His specialty, of course, was improvisation. Two years ago, he started another company which he called Loosemoose. The troupe performed collectively-written plays and improvised others but, by far, Loosemoose’s most successful activity has been something which Johnstone has called Theatresports—competitive improvisation evenings complete with teams, judges and scoring. In the following article, written especially for CTR, Johnstone talks about his work, Loosemoose and Theatresports. It should also be noted that CTR will be publishing a special report in its next issue on a similar kind of venture which has been attracting similar attention in Quebec.
Biographical Checklist
Authors: Joudry Patricia
Published: June 2023

Born in Spirit River, Alberta, October 18, 1921. Moves with her family to Montreal in 1925. Writes and acts in her own plays while attending high school as well as acting for Dorothy Davis’ Children’s Theatre. After small acting roles on CBC radio in Montreal, moves to Toronto in 1940 and begins acting and play writing for the CBC in Toronto. Authors and stars in the situation comedy series ‘Penny’s Diary’ from 1940-1943. Receives a starting $25,000 annual salary to co-author ‘The Aldrich Family’ in New York from 1945-1949. Returns to Canada in 1949 and resumes acting and playwriting for CBC radio. Authors and stars in situation comedy series ‘Affectionately, Jenny’ in 1951 and 1952. Has six one-hour radio dramas produced on CBC Stage series from 1951-1956 and five one-hour television dramas from 1953-1961. Stage play Teach Me How to Cry successfully produced off-Broadway in 1955. Universal-International Studios purchases movie rights for $25,000. Play wins $100 D.D.F. best play award in 1956. Shares the ‘Woman of the Year’ award with Gabrielle Roy as Canada’s outstanding woman in literature and art in 1957.
Introduction
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

There are certain plays in the history of dramatic literature which are either immediately recognized or are recognized in time as landmarks. One such for Quebec has been Michel Tremblay’s Les Belles-Soeurs, the first serious stage play written entirely in the language (joual) of the people of east end Montreal. Like any outstanding play, Les Belles-Soeurs exists on many different levels but in this case, one cannot in any way underestimate the political importance of Tremblay’s linguistic message to Quebec, to les Anglais of Canada, and to the world. The dramatic impact of Les Belles-Soeurs was felt all across Quebec in the weeks and months after the opening; the echoes have continued to be heard in the years since right across the land.
The Tremblay Opus: Unity in Diversity
Authors: Usmiani Renate
Published: June 2023

Michel Tremblay has emerged as a major dramatist on the Québécois, Canadian, and international scene in the last 10 years, due to the uniqueness and originality of his work, which is deeply steeped in the traditions of Western theatre, yet transcends this tradition to develop forms of expression which are both intensely personal and intensely local. Because of this, his critics at home have tended to take a disconcertingly narrow view of his work: ‘le plus québécois de nos auteurs’, as he is sometimes called, has been hailed, and occasionally condemned, for his starkly naturalistic representation of everyday life among the working class of East Montreal; for daring to base his stage idiom on the much-despised joual, with all its crudeness and vulgarity; and for the forcefulness of the political allegory inherent in much of his work. There emerges the picture of a socially-conscious writer in the realistic tradition of Gélinas and Dubé, who has taken this tradition as far as it will stretch, both in theme and language; a writer deeply rooted in a certain milieu, sometimes shocking, often stimulating, but always well within the confines of his québécois context, a writer who never moves beyond the boundaries of his artistic parish of East Montreal.
Tremblay in Translation
Authors: Van Burek John
Published: June 2023

John Van Burek, working with Tarragon’s Bill Glassco and on his own, has translated most of Tremblay’s major plays into English. He talks about the difficulties of translating the work in the following interview with Don Rubin. The interview was conducted in August of this year at Van Burek’s Toronto home.
With Collison in Toronto Emptying The Space
Authors: Danzker Anna
Published: June 2023

Between the 14th and 28th of March this year, two groups consisting of actors, students and people with varied professional backgrounds worked under the direction of Michele Collison-George, an actress from Peter Brook’s Centre for International Theatre Research in Paris, at a downtown Toronto gallery space known as York University Fine Arts on Markham. The majority of those participating knew or had heard of Brook’s methods somewhere along the line but had never had the opportunity to experience the work firsthand. The following report on the workshops, written for CTR by freelance writer Anna Danzker, attempts not so much to be an objective documentation on the work as much as a subjective response to a total experience.
Theatre in The Americas
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: June 2023

Rarely do those working in the English-language theatre take time out to reflect on the narrowness of both the classic and the contemporary repertory. The narrowness is largely chauvinistic and linguistic: every so often it is pierced by the ‘discovery’ of a foreign playwright, usually dead for some 40 years, who is found to have some marvelously relevant comments about our problems today. It is extraordinary that in the age of satellites, when almost any two points on the globe can be linked up with no more than a second’s delay, the process of getting a play produced from one language to another sometimes takes longer than in Elizabethan times. What does get transmitted comes mainly from Europe, and even then from selected countries: there was a period, from the 40’s to the 60’s when most of the interesting drama in French would be tried at least once. After Brecht, there was a wave of interest in German-language plays, followed by a fashionable flirtation with the Polish theatre. Given the popularity of Roumanian directors in New York, we may confidently expect some precursors (and perhaps postcursors) of Ionesco to surface; can Albanian dramaturgy be far behind?
Quebec: Coning Through The Storm
Authors: Sabbath Lawrence
Published: June 2023

Theatre, it has been argued many times, is an art form that tends to reflect its society perhaps more than any other and this has been perhaps more true in Quebec than in any other Canadian province. In the following essay, Montreal theatre critic Lawrence Sabbath looks at Quebec theatre today in terms of where it’s been in recent decades and what it has been specifically reflecting in recent years.
IMPROVISATION AND THE NHL
Authors: Cunningham Joyce , Lefebvre Paul
Published: June 2023

There have been several Canadian playwrights recently who have brought the game of hockey as a subject into the theatre, but no one thought to set up an actual game of theatrical hockey based on improvisations as a theatre event. Robert Gravel and Yvon Leduc—two members of the organising committee of the Théâtre Expérimental de Montréal (T. E. M.)—however did, and their first attempt (on a small scale with two ‘teams’) in the Autumn of 1977 stirred up much interest. When they announced a new season last September more than 60 actors were used, six teams involved, and the National League of Improvisation was attended enthusiastically.
THEATRE OLYMPICS IN WEST BERLIN
Authors: Tracy Gordon
Published: June 2023

The West Berlin Theatertreffen—now 16 years old—is considered by some observers to be the liveliest theatre festival in Europe and perhaps the most diversified in the world. Every Spring (this year it will take place in June) 10 noteworthy productions of the season in the Federal Republic, Austria, Switzerland, and West Berlin selected by a jury of theatre critics are presented in West Berlin to full houses. All receive strong critical acclaim and abuse (in 1977 a production of Othello was booed so loudly that the actors booed back!) Prof. Gordon Tracy attended the 1979 productions and sent back this report to CTR on the festival, a festival that has become something of a theatre-olympics and where selection by the jury is tantamount to winning a gold medal.
The English Experience: Playwrights in Politics
Authors: Itzin Catherine
Published: June 2023

In the previous article, Director Marion Andre argued that theatre in Canada—and in most western countries—“is still lacking sufficient strength to move from the periphery to the very centre of social life.” The implication, of course, is that theatre could be and should be a political force within a society. During the 70’s, many playwrights in England did, in fact, politicize as never before. What caused this change in perspective? What will its legacy be in the 80’s? The following report on these questions was prepared for CTR by English theatre critic Catherine Itzin.
Quebec When Suffering Was Real
Authors: Germain Jean-Claude
Published: June 2023

For many years, Quebec artists were outspoken when it came to the subject of political and cultural separatism. After November of 1976 — when the separatist Parti Québécois came to power — a certain amount of that political activism seemed to disappear from Quebec’s French theatres. The battle, it seemed, had been won. When the same Parti Québécois lost the May 20 referendum on the issue of “sovereignty association,” Quebec’s political climate changed once more. What can we look for in the coming years from Quebec’s theatre, a theatre that has consistently and effectively reflected its society? These were some of the questions put to Jean-Claude Germain, director of Montreal’s politically-active Théâtre d’Aujourd’hui, at the recent annual meeting of the Association for Canadian Theatre History. The remarks have been edited for reasons of space.
Moscow’s Music Theatre for Children
Authors: Morton Miriam
Published: June 2023

I was in Moscow this past December, only a few weeks after the completion and inauguration of the building for the State Musical Theatre for Children and Youth. It was a memorable experience to visit this landmark theatre under the guidance of its Administrative Director, Victor Provorov. This strikingly lavish playhouse for opera and ballet for young audiences is the incarnation of a dream of Natalya Sats, the world-renowned pioneer founder of theatres for children and adolescents.
Recollections of O. Smith: Comedian
Authors: Press Anita
Published: June 2023

Professor William Appleton’s edited version of the hitherto unpublished Recollections of the 19th century English actor, O. Smith, (1786-1855) is a rich resource for contemporary research into early 19th century theatre. The vitalism of the melodrama, burlesque and pantomime of this period, which provided eminently satisfying theatre, has been frequently overlooked. It is only in recent years that scholars in this field, most pre-eminently Canadian Michael Booth, have done much to re-evaluate for us an area of theatre which, largely because of neglect and misunderstanding, has commonly been pejoratively viewed. The Theatre Library Association through the medium of its annual publication, Performing Arts Resources, is to be congratulated on making available to us, in a volume designated for this specific purpose, the memoirs of a celebrated villain of the stage, the Boris Karloff of the 19th century.