bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Extension Agents' Capacity for Sustainable Development to Promote Climate Resilience in Pakistani Agriculture: A case study of South Punjab
Authors: Muhammad Ismail Kumbhar  , Muhammad Hamid Nawaz Khan  , Aijaz Ali Khooharo  , Fateh Muhammad Mari  , Habibullah Magsi  , Zaheeruddin Mirani  , Amir Riaz  , Arif Masood  , Afia Naseem  , Syed Taimoor shah
Published: February 2025

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of ending hunger and poverty requires Pakistan's agriculture industry to adapt to climate change. Agricultural productivity is greatly impacted by climate change due to unpredictable weather patterns, high temperatures, and altered rainfall cycles. Food security is impacted, and poverty is made worse, especially for smallholder farmers who are less equipped to adjust. To lessen these effects and increase farmers' climate change resilience, agricultural extension agents' skills and abilities must be strengthened.When it comes to sharing information, expertise, and technologies that support farmers in implementing climate-smart farming practices, agricultural extension services are essential. However, extension agents' proficiency, education, and capacity to convey creative solutions determine how effective they are. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the socioeconomic characteristics, climate change awareness, responsibilities, and skill gaps of extension agents in Punjab, Pakistan, in order to determine their training needs. Ninety extension workers from three districts—Bahawalpur, Lodhran, and Rahim Yar Khan—were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and mean scoring techniques were used to analyze the data.The results indicate that extension agents need specialized training in current agricultural practices, policy implementation, and climate resilience methods. By filling in these gaps through ongoing professional development, extension services will be better equipped to assist farmers with climate adaptation. In Pakistan's agrarian economy, bolstering agricultural extension initiatives can result in increased productivity, better climate adaptability, and general economic growth. This study emphasizes the necessity of taking a methodical approach to giving extension agents the tools they need to successfully address the difficulties posed by climate change.
Border and Control: War and Social Transformation at Pak-Afghan Borderland
Authors: Sohail Khan
Published: February 2025

This paper extends the debate about the post-colonial state relationship to Pashtun ‘tribal’ areas and communities living in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region. It details the existing structures of power that have evolved on war footing over four decades, since 1979. It grounds the debate of changing social order, by introducing new archival written material and conducting two years of fieldwork in Waziristan. The Paper is divided into three sections. The first part investigates the power structure, since the post-colonial state exploited the economic resources, in the form of border trade that was rooted in colonial experiences of the border. The next section explains the evolution of the war economy in the region and its contradictions. The last part emphasizes on war on terror as war over the human bodies and exploitation of economic and political resources.
Attitudes of Farm Outreach Professionals toward the use of Electronic Advisory Services in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Amir Riaz  , Zaheeruddin Mirani  , Muhammad Hamid Nawaz Khan  , Fateh Muhammad Mari  , Muhammad Ismail Kumbhar  , Aijaz Ali Khooharo  , Habibullah Magsi  , Afia Naseem  , Arif Masood  , Syed Taimoor Shah
Published: February 2025

This study attempted to examine the attitudes of agricultural extension agents, in this research termed Farm Outreach Professionals (FOPs), towards the use of electronic extension methods in five districts selected from Punjab, as well as the difficulties they face in applying these methods. The study also investigated how independent variables influenced the strength of these judgements. The sample includes around 86% of the 160 agricultural extension agents in the study population, with 138 having completed the questionnaires and met the research requirements. According to the findings, 64% of Punjab's agricultural extension agents had a positive attitude towards electronic agricultural extension approaches, while only 18% had a negative or indifferent one. The study also examined how independent variables influenced the strength of these judgements. The sample includes 180 Farm Outreach Professionals in the study population, with 160 of them completing questionnaires and meeting research requirements. According to the findings, 64% of Punjab's agricultural extension agents/FOPs had a positive attitude towards electronic agricultural extension approaches, while only 18% had a negative or indifferent one. The most significant impediments discovered were a lack of seriousness in applying these approaches and a lack of follow-up by agricultural extension agents on websites dedicated to electronic extension methods. The dependent variable was extension agents' attitudes towards electronic agricultural extension services, and the independent variables were "educational level," access to training in agricultural extension techniques, and the availability of electronic devices for extension agents, which were found to be significantly positively correlated at the 0.01 level. At the 0.01 level, there was a significant negative correlation between the dependent variable (extension attitudes) and the independent variable (age).
Exploring Breastfeeding Practices Overcoming Challenges and Shaping the Future in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Shehla Naeem Zafar  , Haider Ali  , Habib Gul  , Maryam Behram  , Alic William  , Farrukh Bano
Published: February 2025

Breastfeeding should begin within the first hour of a baby's birth and be the exclusive source of nutrition for the first six months. Nonetheless, there is a great deal of space for improvement in Pakistan's breastfeeding rates, especially in Sindh. This study aims to explore breastfeeding patterns, evaluate the impact of media campaigns, urbanization, and mother education on breastfeeding length, and pinpoint obstacles to following WHO guidelines. A cross-sectional survey was done among mothers in Sindh's rural, urban, and small-town districts. Structured surveys were used to gather information about breastfeeding behaviours, maternal education, socioeconomic characteristics, and media exposure. The findings show that moms in small towns nursed for longer periods than those in rural settings. Maternal education had an uneven link with breastfeeding patterns, with some educated women terminating breastfeeding prematurely due to cultural attitudes and work constraints. Media campaigns had a minimal impact on long-term breastfeeding adherence, emphasizing the importance of more targeted treatments. Breastfeeding patterns in Sindh are impacted by cultural, socioeconomic, and geographic variables. To increase breastfeeding rates and adherence to WHO guidelines, tailored health interventions must take into account these characteristics. The study underlines the necessity of correcting misconceptions, providing proper support, and developing culturally sensitive programs to promote long-term breastfeeding in Pakistan.
The Role of Fintech in Reducing the Unbanked Population in the United States
Authors: Moeen Abbas  , Muhammad Ali khan  , Humma Abid  , Zara Rafique
Published: February 2025

FinTech financial technology operates as a revolutionary sector that implements critical changes to service delivery mechanisms for unbanked and underbanked groups throughout the United States. The research evaluates FinTech advancement as a method to enhance financial technology while assessing its ability to remove obstacles faced by disadvantaged groups. The research examines recent FinTech solutions through case studies and statistical data and theoretical frameworks while evaluating mobile banking and peer-to-peer lending in their role to extend financial access across the United States. The research analyses quantitative banking and payment and lending data to demonstrate how FinTech tools reduce financial exclusivity. The evaluation of digital wallet success and online lender market growth along with mobile payment adoption establishes critical relationships illustrating these technological approaches to financial accessibility enhancement. The study demonstrates how FinTech solutions make banking products more accessible and affordable to low-income groups and rural dwellers and diverse communities for superior financial services delivery. The innovations demonstrated dual benefits by reducing transaction costs at the same time they raised credit availability and improved reading skills so new groups entered traditional financial networks. The research indicates that government financial regulation works alongside FinTech service growth to protect the consumer while the expansion occurs. The research findings demonstrate how FinTech brings transformative changes to financial technology making sure that all groups with past financial service barriers become part of the formal financial system. The need exists to continuously enhance FinTech solutions while guaranteeing they can be used safely and equally by people from all walks of society.
The Role of Play Therapy in Supporting Emotional Health of Children in Muzaffarabad
Authors: Rashna Parvez
Published: February 2025

Childhood emotional and psychological well-being is crucial for overall development, yet many children struggle to express their emotions effectively, particularly in trauma-affected regions. This study examines the role of play therapy in supporting the emotional health of children in Muzaffarabad, a region that has experienced significant socio-political instability and the devastating earthquake and natural disaster like flood. Using a mixed-method research design, the study collected data from 30 children (ages 5-12), through surveys, interviews and case study. Findings from a paired sample t-test demonstrated significant improvements in children’s emotional regulation, with anxiety levels decreasing from a mean of 7.8 (pre-therapy) to 3.2 (post-therapy) (p = 0.001), while emotional expression and social interaction scores significantly increased (p < 0.05). The study also identified common emotional and behavioral challenges, including aggression (n=11), social withdrawal (n=8), anxiety (n=7), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (n=5), emphasizing the need for structured therapeutic interventions. Play therapy provided a safe, expressive environment for children to process emotions, enhance self-confidence, and develop coping mechanisms. However, accessibility barriers were identified, including limited trained therapists, lack of awareness among parents, and financial constraints, which hindered widespread adoption of therapy. The study recommends expanding therapist training programs, integrating school-based play therapy interventions, increasing awareness campaigns, and introducing subsidized therapy programs to enhance accessibility. Overall, the findings reinforce that play therapy is a highly effective intervention for improving children’s emotional health, particularly for trauma-affected populations. Addressing systemic barriers to therapy access will be crucial in ensuring long-term emotional resilience and psychological well-being for children in Muzaffarabad.
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing CSR and Financial Outcomes
Authors: Sidrah Kaleem  , Bilal Ahmad  , Aliza Tabassam
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to look into the concept of CSR and its link to financial performance, especially when AI is integrated into these activities. Businesses are gradually embracing sustainability and ethical practices in carrying out their activities, and the use of artificial intelligence in metrics, analytics, and automation, as well as ESG reports, are transforming CSR practice, measurement, and reporting. They have examined the link between CSR and financial performance but have not delved much into the role of AI in implementing CSR activities. This research is based on the qualitative research method; thus, the impact of AI in CSR is analyzed by conducting secondary data analysis and case studies with companies that have adopted AI in CSR. The study focuses on the factors of CSR that include improvement of AI efficiency, and how they help increase the company’s reputation and financial profit in the long run. In the literature, it has been observed that Level 4 AI helps in greater effectiveness of CSR execution in terms of operational impact, ESG monitoring, risk profiling, and investors’ confidence. AI-implemented CSR is more effective and efficient, M and has high financial returns compared to traditional CSR techniques. The paper extends the knowledge in this field by integrating AI as a moderator between CSR practices and financial performance and offers value for organizations with guidelines for the proper use of AI for profitable subsequent CSR practices. Lastly, policy implications that need to be considered are outlined to help the regulators create standardized frameworks for using AI in CSR. Further research direction includes analyzing CSR in relation to artificial intelligence ethics, legal issues, and the long-term financial effects of AI-facilitated sustainable development projects.
Is GST Imposition Turning the Milk Sour?
Authors: Shehla Saleem Mughal  , Zaheer Liaqat Baig
Published: February 2025

Milk is an essential part of the balanced diet and plays pivotal role in the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals. Considering its importance for human health, safe and pure milk should be available to every person. Unfortunately, in Pakistan almost 40% population hardly has access to necessary food items due to poverty. The imposition of general sales tax on the packaged milk had made it further difficult for general population to consume pasteurized milk. Pakistan is one of the biggest milk producing countries in the world. Despite this, sale and purchase of the significant volume of milk remains unmonitored and milk supply chain is managed through traditional milkmen in the form of loose milk. Loose milk is highly adulterated and contaminated with various chemicals and microorganism which render it unfit for the human consumption. Consumption of unhygienic milk may compromise the health and growth of individuals. The significance of this study is to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of imposition of tax on milk. As per the outcomes of the qualitative analysis of study; Government should withdraw this and reconsider other dietary provisions for the levy of tax to generate revenue for national exchequer
Impact of digital payment and e-commerce platforms on small businesses growth using financial literacy as moderator
Authors: Muhammad Moaz  , Rameesha Latif  , Dr Abdul Hafeez  , Muzamal khalid  , Muhammad Anees
Published: February 2025

The world is constantly evolving with the help of technological advancements. The small businesses are the backbone of any country’s economy especially in the case of emerging markets of developing nations. The introduction of digital payments is reshaping the traditional business model especially small businesses in emerging markets and economies by providing them with more opportunities for growth and efficiency in small businesses by utilizing the facilities of an e commerce platform. This paper analyzes the impact of digital payments and e commerce platforms in small markets by highlighting the role of financial inclusion, efficiency, security risks and economic growth. Additionally, the researcher used Financial Literacy as a Moderating variable, to see the influence and benefits of adopting digital mode of payments and the utilization of e commerce platforms on small businesses in emerging markets. This study suggests that Governments, Financial institutions and fintech companies prioritizes financial literacy programs and also develop digital infrastructure for the benefits of small businesses. This conceptual study reveals that businesses with higher financial literacy are more likely to maximize the benefits of digital payments and e commerce platforms. It also concludes that the adoption of digital payments methods and e commerce platforms will enhance small businesses by improving efficiency, security concerns and awareness.
An Eco-Stylistic Analysis of Wordsworth’s The World Is Too Much with Us
Authors: Saeed Ur Rehman  , Owais Khan  , Rashid Ali
Published: February 2025

This study was an attempt to conduct an eco-stylistics analysis of Wordsworth's The World is Too Much with Us (1807). The basic aim of this study was to foreground the ecological elements through metaphors, deviations and parallelisms. The current study was qualitative and based on an interpretivist paradigm. The text was used as a primary source of data for the analysis. The data was analyzed through closed reading and textual analysis. The present study used Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (1985) and Zurru’s (2017) approach as a theoretical framework. The analysis highlighted that through his poetic language, Wordsworth enable readers to see nature speak for itself using symbols that demonstrate its strength and generosity. The poem showed how the Industrial Revolution made people more focused on human needs while highlighting nature's life force and unique existence. Today, we still feel the power of Wordsworth's Romantic vision, which rejects excessive greed and pushes us to reconnect with our natural environment.
Assessing the Effects of Entrepreneurial Competencies and Guanxi Circles on Social Entrepreneurial Intention of Public Sector University Students: The Mediating Role of Perceived University Support and Entrepreneurial Bricolage
Authors: Muhammad Faisal Siddique  , Dr. Shakeela Kousar
Published: February 2025

Many major social problems are facing the modern globalized world: food prices are rising, water tables are falling, deliberate crime and corruption are getting worse, the environment's capacity to sustain human life is deteriorating, debt and economic instability are getting worse, climate change is still occurring, and the wealth gap is growing dangerously wider. These issues require creative and long-lasting solutions. Pakistan is experiencing serious social, political, and economic challenges, much like other developing countries. This study's primary goal is to improve theoretical and methodological understanding of the relationship between Guanxi Circles (GC), Entrepreneurial Competencies (EC), and the impact of Perceived University Support (PUS) and Entrepreneurial Bricolage (EB) on Social Entrepreneurship Intentions (SEI). Universities and governments should also foster an environment that encourages students to develop their social entrepreneurship ideas and the skills and knowledge that go along with them
Uncovering the exploitation of meritocracy by nepotism at public sector universities of kpk
Authors: Dr. Azhar Khan  , Naveed Farooq  , Muhammad Waseem  , Maryam Bibi
Published: February 2025

This research examines the far-reaching effects of political recruiting practices on academic standards and institutional integrity in public sector institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. An overview of current literature emphasizes that political connections are often thought to intervene in recruiting decisions, resulting in the hiring of undeserving candidates and creating a culture of mediocrity. A crucial outcome of such behaviors is the erosion of trust among students, faculty, and staff, leading to disengagement and low morale in academic institutions. The discussion show that changes in the recruitment processes are highly urgent, enhancing meritocracy and transparency. Recommendations include establishing independent monitoring committees, making recruitment procedures open and accountable for prior hiring practices, and engaging local communities and cultivating integrity-based culture to restore credibility and trust. This review article reiterates the importance of restoration, accountability, and reparations in fixing the reputation of KKP's public universities. With an emphasis on merit-based recruitment and ethical governance, this could help these institutions enhance their academic reputation and confidently serve their students, ultimately establishing a more fruitful educational setting in Pakistan. The study urges stakeholders to come together to create a lasting framework for upholding the principles of honesty, quality, and social responsibility in higher education.
“The Rapid Growth of Digital Communication and Social Media’s Influence on Language”
Authors: Syed Zaki Raza Naqvi
Published: February 2025

The expansion of social media has transformed how we communicate, creating a new language sometimes, or ever an expression of itself. We identify three such shifts that make up digital work: shifts towards informal language, creative language, and flexible language, to which we argue that digital platforms are oriented. Drawing on surveys and interviews with different age groups, the study provides evidence of digital trends for informal language, multimodal forms, and slang, most commonly used by younger users but extending to digital and offline communication. The results illustrate tension in ways casual online language lived on vs formal settings in which it had to be used, and social media further complicates the issue of language use across various kinds of social settings. In the end the research highlights the need for flexible literate communication skills to negotiate these changing linguistic environments successfully.
The Help Seeking Attitudes and Quality of Life Among People with Depression
Authors: Sadia Nawaz Hiraj  , Dr Elizabeth Schwaiger
Published: February 2025

The basic aim of the study was to see the factors predicting help seeking attitudes and quality of life among people with depression. The study explores the question that do age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, culture, stigma, self-efficacy and family satisfaction predict help seeking attitudes and quality of life among people with depression? The sample consists of people with self-reported depressive symptoms. The sample of 109 participants was gathered through snowball sampling technique. The analysis was multiple linear regression. The results show that culture and general self-efficacy are the strongest predictors of help-seeking attitudes while culture and family satisfaction are the strongest predictor of quality of life, except in the case of last subscale of Quality of life “recreation”, in which SES, education, and culture predicted quality of life. Meanwhile, family satisfaction and stigma are not predicting help seeking attitudes. General self-efficacy and stigma are not predicting Quality of life. This study would be helpful for clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals to understand why some people with depressive symptoms in this culture hesitate to seek professional help. Further research on this topic could explore more factors and variables which predict quality of life and help seeking attitudes among depressive patients.
Hegemonic Masculinity in Transcultural Society in the Novel in the Kitchen by Monica Ali
Authors: Nabeeha Azhar  , Husna Imran Butt  , Faiza Latif
Published: February 2025

This study examines the male characters in Monica Ali's ‘In the Kitchen’, exploring their diverse cultural, ethnic, and social backgrounds within the framework of a transcultural patriarchal society. It investigates how these characters are perceived and treated, highlighting the emergence of exploitative behaviors rooted in hegemonic gender relations. Multiple masculinities coexist within society, shaping interactions and hierarchies that affect not only women but also men marginalized by dominant male figures. Through the lens of hegemonic masculinity, this study reveals that men in patriarchal structures often face oppression similar to women. The novel demonstrates that patriarchal societies perpetuate harsh treatment not only towards immigrants and refugees but also towards white men like Gabriel, who becomes a victim of male-dominated power dynamics. Employing hegemonic masculinity theory as its theoretical framework and textual analysis as its method, this research underscores that individuals who deviate from societal norms of masculinity encounter significant challenges, regardless of their background. The qualitative analysis uncovers that men in society do not universally wield power, as they often fail to meet the standards imposed by the patriarchal system, ultimately being oppressed and marginalized by a smaller subset of men who do meet those criteria. These dynamics can be encompassed within the framework of hegemonic masculinity, incorporating elements such as capitalism, immigrant exploitation, and the subjugation of both women and men.
Exploring The Impact of Demographic Factors On Psychache, Life Satisfaction, And Hopelessness in Mood Disorder Patient
Authors: Mazhar Ali*  , Myra Hamid  , Ahmed Ejaz  , Tahir Aziz  , Prof. Dr. Amara Gul  , Dr. Syed Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

The problem of hopelessness, often intertwined with depression, remains a significant challenge in psychological research, particularly in understanding its role in suicidality and mental well-being. This study examines the relationship between hopelessness, depression, and suicidality, drawing on existing theories, such as Shneidman's psychache model and Beck's hopelessness theory, to explore their interconnections. The research is motivated by the need to clarify these constructs and improve preventative strategies for mental health. A literature review and empirical analysis of various studies on psychological distress, with a focus on gender differences, are employed in the methodology. Key findings suggest that hopelessness is a distinct construct from depression but is strongly associated with suicidality, particularly when coupled with high psychache. Moreover, gender differences in the manifestation of hopelessness and depression are evident, with women often experiencing higher distress levels. The results support Shneidman’s theory that hopelessness, as part of psychache, contributes significantly to suicidal ideation. Recommendations include improving early identification of hopelessness and psychache in clinical settings and tailoring interventions to address these specific constructs, particularly in vulnerable populations such as adolescents and individuals with mood disorders. Enhancing our understanding of these psychological components could lead to more effective treatments and suicide prevention strategies
Resistance and Rhetoric: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Mahmoud Abbas’s Speeches on the Israel- Palestine Conflict
Authors: Amina Bibi  , Dr. Umara Shaheen
Published: February 2025

The study examines how language represents and reinforces the power dynamics in the ongoing conflict between Palestine and Israel. Focusing on the four selected speeches delivered by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in 2023, this research critically analyzes the strategies, motives, and implications of the Israel-Palestine conflict. Using Foucault's theory of power and resistance and Fairclough's CDA framework, the study addresses the gap in existing literature on recent resistance efforts. It aims to explore how language functions as a tool for political agency in conflict resolution and identity formation. The findings of this research reveal the hidden complexities in the discourse, highlighting the need to show resilience, unity, justice, and global solidarity against Palestinian suffering. The Palestinian President also calls on the international community to reassess its stance toward Israel and propose a peace conference as the last chance to find a solution. His speeches function as both discourses and social practices, inviting an international re-evaluation of the situation in Palestine. The study suggests that acknowledging historical grievances and current realities can guide the international community toward effective solutions and solidarity with marginalized voices. Keywords: Palestine-Israel conflict, speech, CDA, power, resistance, discursive strategies
"The Nation Building in Afghanistan: Perspectives and Challenges"
Authors: Faridullah Zazai
Published: February 2025

The process of nation-building in Afghanistan has been a challenging and complex endeavor, marked by historical, cultural, and ethnic intricacies. The top-down approach employed by foreign powers, such as the United States and NATO, focused on establishing state institutions from the outside, often neglecting the diverse and dispersed nature of Afghan society. The country's geography, with its isolated villages and rugged terrain, further complicated nation-building efforts. The coexistence of various ethnic groups, tribes, and cultural customs presented a significant hurdle in forging a cohesive national identity, as these identities were deeply rooted and resistant to centralized authority. The fusion of Islamic fundamentalism and tribal mentality, coupled with a lack of a unifying national identity, hindered the rule of law and effective governance. Moreover, religious differences exacerbated social tensions and conflicts, impeding the development of a unified nation. The failures of previous nation-building attempts underscore the need for a collaborative and bottom-up approach that values local participation and traditions. To overcome these challenges and achieve stability, Afghanistan must recognize and protect its rich cultural heritage while fostering a sense of shared national goals and principles. Creating a united Afghanistan will require ongoing efforts to navigate the complexities of its history, geography, diverse ethnic composition, and cultural dynamics
用文化综艺讲“新国潮”故事： 在年轻化表达中认同中华优秀传统文化
Authors: 高若栋
Published: February 2025

在泛娱乐化的媒介生态语境下，文化综艺节目以其深厚的文化底蕴和鲜明的中国特色，成为中华传统文化复兴的重要表达载体。文化综艺节目凭借丰富的内容创新、灵活的传播策略，讲述中国故事，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展。而如何借鉴历史，让古老的传统文化焕发“年轻态”，如何促进观众对中华优秀传统文化的认同，是文化综艺节目繁荣发展的创作命脉。本文以具有代表性和影响力的文化综艺节目为研究对象，从跨文化交流、内容设计、传播模式三个方面分析文化综艺节目如何用“年轻化表达”展现对中华优秀传统文化的认同，讲好“新国潮”故事。
文化认同视域下烧麦传说叙事的建构与重塑
Authors: 王琦
Published: February 2025

烧麦作为源于呼和浩特的特色美食，已有几百年的发展历史，时至今日，烧麦不仅是一种食物，更是传播内蒙古味道的一个饮食文化符号。在农牧交错的多民族地区发源的烧麦，其背后的传说多种多样，烧麦传说的构建展现了历史上各族人民在归化城交流交往交融的生活样态，传说的重塑则体现了各民族在交流的进程中，如何不断加强巩固共同的文化认同。通过对烧卖传说叙事构建及重塑的梳理，从文化认同的视角认识烧麦文化对于内蒙古地区铸牢中华民族共同体起到的重要意义，打造富有内蒙古特色的文化符号。
Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Treatment for COVID-19 and Their Relationship with Short-Term Acute Care Utilization
Authors:   Fairview Pharmacy Services, Klasen Kassie , Zagel Alicia , Nelson Mary , Betzold Eric , Benfield Brett
Published: February 2025

Background: Health disparities have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite COVID-19 treatments being associated with lower morbidity and mortality, recent data illustrates that treatment may be underutilized by certain patient populations. This study examines patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and their relation to COVID-19 treatment, focusing on intravenous bebtelovimab, oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, or no treatment; data is extrapolated to further understand the relationship of treatment and patient characteristics on short-term acute care outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between March and December 2022 and were considered at high-risk of severe COVID-19. Sociodemographic factors were compared across treatment groups: intravenous bebtelovimab, oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, or no treatment; logistic regression estimated the odds of receiving acute care in the 14 days following COVID-19 infection.

Results: There were 18,751 patients at high-risk for COVID-19; 12,688 patients (67.67%) received no treatment. Interpreter use, African American/Black race, and Medicaid insurance were associated with 1.7, 1.8, and 1.4 times less likelihood to receive treatment, respectively. Patients who did not receive treatment were 3.2 times more likely to utilize acute care compared to patients treated with bebtelovimab, after controlling for confounders.

Conclusion: Disparities in receiving COVID-19 treatment remain; since lack of treatment increases short-term health care utilization, health systems must find unique methodologies to improve access to care while preserving health care resources. Home infusion services, which supplied bebtelovimab within the health system, may be a leading strategy to increase health equity through improvement of access and education across many disease states beyond COVID-19

Keywords: COVID-19, oral antiviral, monoclonal antibody, social determinants of health
SIMULATION MODEL OF EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS FOR HEAT LOSS MITIGATION ON STEAM PIPES
Authors: Credo Marvin , Metra, Jr. Danilo
Published: February 2025

Applying exothermic reaction to steam pipes to mitigate heat loss is an idea that is yet to be explored. By using simulation modeling, this paper focuses on gathering theoretical data to serve as the baseline for the actual application. The initial condition of the simulations was set-up to emulate the actual environment around steam pipes. The data gathered were able to provide enough theoretical evidence showing that applying exothermic reaction causes a tremendous increase in the temperature of the steam.
MOTORCYCLE OVERSPEEDING DETECTION SYSTEM WITH GPS TRACKING AND SMS NOTIFICATION
Authors: Obiso Jun-Jun , Aparre Lhiera , Balboa Levi Hector , Ybanez Eugene
Published: February 2025

Overspeeding of motorcycles is the primary cause of motorcycle-related accidents in the Philippines.  Motorcycle drivers are usually unaware that the normal speed limit has been exceeded during driving. To address this problem, a system has been developed to detect overspeeding by using a Hall Effect sensor. This system alerts the driver in times of overspeeding using a buzzer. Also, the system can provide location details of the motorcycle by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) module. These details can be sent to the dedicated user via Short Message Service (SMS) and can be stored using a Secure Digital (SD) card. In testing the performance of the developed system, the following experiments were performed in three different locations within Cebu, Philippines: GPS response test, Hall Effect sensor response test, and data logging test. Experiment results had proven that the developed system could effectively perform its desired operations. Specifically, it detects overspeeding, sends the location details via Short Message Service (SMS) messages to the dedicated user, alarms the buzzer when the speed limit is reached, and stores the information details using the SD card. Hence, the system advances the literature since it serves a dual purpose: to detect overspeeding and to track the location of motorcycles. For further enhancement of the system performance, it is highly recommended that future researchers should include an intelligent feature such as the automatic deceleration when the driving speed exceeds the speed limit. It would also be preferable if the collision detection and avoidance mechanisms can be incorporated.
APPLICATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION MONITORING IN COCONUT-CACAO INTERCROP MODEL WITH APPLIED INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Reas Roxcella T. , Carcoza Desiree L. , Hernandez Melchor John S.
Published: February 2025

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) have attracted the attention of many researchers nowadays. With the rapid technological development of sensors, WSN becomes the key technology for IoT. WSNs are regarded as an innovative information gathering method for various applications, and environmental monitoring is one area of interest. This paper is a study of application of Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of things for environment monitoring, particularly Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) monitoring in Cacao-Coconut intercrop model. One of the problems in cacao farming that needs to be addressed is shade management and monitoring. Appropriate shading management and monitoring reduce the stress of cacao from too much exposure to sunlight, minimize pest infestation and increase plant growth. However, the needed shade management and monitoring in cacao plantation are very challenging to realize because of issues such as manpower and labor cost. To address these issues a wireless Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor networks is proposed. This kind of sensors can be randomly deployed in multiple numbers over a vast cacao-coconut plantation and will measure and log its exposure to sunlight through PAR. Also, the sensors will communicate with one another in order to deliver the measured variable from the sensorâ€™s location to the base station for analysis and monitoring in real time. Results showed that the wireless PAR sensor networks could significantly reduce the needed man-hours for shade management and monitoring because it can easily locate and identify the areas that need proper intervention.
SENSORY QUALITY OF COFFEE-LIKE BEVERAGE MADE FROM MUNG BEANS [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]
Authors: Gayas Neslie P. , Cimafranca Lynette C.
Published: February 2025

Mungbean is a common commodity in the Philippines with limited use as a consumer good. Hence, this study aimed to develop a coffee-like beverage from mungbeans.  Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the sensory quality of the product as affected by different roasting time, as well as assess its acceptance to consumers.  A single factor experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in two replications with six treatments (10, 15, 20, 25, 20, and 35 minutes) of the varying roasting time were used.  Sensory evaluation was done to determine the acceptability of the product in terms of color, aroma, sweetness, and bitterness using a sensory panel. Acceptability ratings of the sensory attributes were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).  The consumer acceptance test was subjected to the chi-square test.  ANOVA showed that the different levels of roasting time had no significant effect on the acceptability of the product.   The consumer preference test showed that 52% of the consumers preferred the product, while 48% preferred its commercial product. The study revealed that the formulated product could compete in the market.
EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN MANAGEMENT PROMOTING VIETNAMESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Hoang
Published: February 2025

The growing digital technology has had an opposite impact on corporate governance and human resource leadership. What to do to apply technology in personnel innovation and reduce costs, thereby improving business efficiency, is a problem that many Vietnamese businesses are interested in. In Vietnam, the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is seen as an opportunity for economic and social development. The 4.0 technology revolution is an opportunity to realize the nation's prosperous aspirations. Taking advantage of opportunities from this revolution is a crucial factor in determining the success of the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The article discusses the Fourth Industrial Revolution 4.0 and its impact on economic development as well as on the application of science and technology in human resource management to promote economic development. The author analyzed and applied science and technology in human resource management to promote economic development in the industrial revolution of 4.0 in Vietnam. Finally, the article proposes some effective measures to apply science and technology in human resource management to promote the economy of Vietnam in the fourth industrial revolution.
EXPLORING STUDENTSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN A NEXT GENERATION BLENDED LEARNING (NXGBL) PHYSICS CLASS
Authors: Magalong Salvador John M. , Prudente Maricar
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore studentsâ€™ perceptions and conceptual understanding in studying energy and momentum concepts using the NxGBL approach. NxGBL involves merging mobile devices, multimedia, and face-to-face instruction to empower personalized and progressive learning processes for the students to be equipped to cultivate modernization competence. It is a digital ecosystem involving students, instructors, content, and tools to support effective and efficient learning processes directly. Hence, it is necessary to obtain a new learning environment that subsequently developed into pedagogical approaches known as blended learning, flipped learning, and personalized learning. The combination of these techniques was used to carry-out lessons and in designing assessments covering energy and momentum concepts for a period of 2-weeks in one class. One group pretest-posttest design was used and conducted on 30 Grade 12 students under the STEM strand. Students' conceptual understanding was measured using Energy and Momentum Conceptual Survey (EMCS), while perceptions and learning experiences were gathered through a survey-questionnaire, journal reflections, and post-individual interviews. Results suggested that employing the NxGBL approach has potentials in increasing students' achievement in Physics.
Design of a Concentrated Solar Power System Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Barroca Renyl B. , Enano, Jr. Nelson H. , Espina Randell U. , Limjuco Lawrence A. , Moran Roberto Louis P. , Ubando Aristotle T.
Published: February 2025

Concentrated solar power (CSP) is an alternative approach to harnessing the sun's power to generate renewable energy. As the requirement for the generation of energy grows, the demand for concentrated solar power also increases. Recently, efforts in using CSP technology to generate renewable energy have been adopted globally, with a 6.45 GW capacity installed. With plans of the Philippines to further strengthen the country's energy production and enhance the production of renewable energy in Mindanao, this study proposes to design a CSP specifically for Davao City using a computational fluid dynamics approach. The parabolic dish and a receiver can accommodate a concentrator dish of 10 meters in aperture diameter for installation in Davao City. The design scale-up of the concentrator is then assessed with its efficiency using ANSYS Fluent. In addition, SolTrace and the fluent discrete ordinates radiation model can predict the potential thermal energy extracted from solar radiation. The results show the heat flux pattern in the CSP receiver entrance.
Effects of Vermicompost Amelioration on the Soil Properties, Yield, and Profitability of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Delliah Cornista , Cagasan Ulysses A.
Published: February 2025

Vermicompost amelioration is essential to the development of any crop. Mungbean does not need more nutrients, especially Nitrogen, because it can produce N through microbial nitrification. This study aimed to determine the effects on the soil properties, appropriate rates, and the profitability of vermicompost amelioration on mungbean production. The treatments were as follows; T1 - no vermicompost (control); T2 - 1 t ha-1 vermicompost; T3- 2 t ha-1 vermicompost; T4 - 3 t ha-1 vermicompost; T5 - 4 t ha-1 vermicompost and T6-30-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P205, K20 as the positive control. The study was laid in RCB Design with three (3) replications. The results revealed that the application of 4 tha-1 of vermicompost significantly increased the number of days from planting to flowering but high in LAI. Likewise, the weight (g) of 1,000 seeds and the total grain yield (tha-1) were also increased. The heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds was obtained with 4 t ha-1 of vermicompost and 30-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P205, K2O resulted in obtaining the highest grain yield. Application vermicompost 4 t ha-1 vermicompost obtained a higher gross margin of PhP28,300.00 among the vermicompost applied plants comparable to the positive inorganic control plants of PhP30,410.00. Therefore, it is recommended that the farmers use an organic fertilizer at 4 tha-1 of vermicompost for legume production to sustain the soil's fertility and productivity.
Response of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) to the Combined Application of Carabao Manure and Inorganic Phosphorus in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Capote Mary Joyce J. , BaÅˆoc Dionesio M.
Published: February 2025

Proper fertilization in calcareous soil is necessary to enhance higher crop productivity. This was evaluated through a study that aimed to determine the outcome of the blended application of carabao dung and synthetic phosphorus on the response of mungbean in calcareous soil. To evaluate the correct amount of the blended application of aforesaid materials for effective growth and high seed yield of mungbean grown in calcareous soil. The experiment adopted six treatments such as T0 = No fertilizer application (control), T1 = 30-30-30 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, T2 = 2.5 t ha-1 carabao manure, T3 = 2.5 t ha-1 carabao manure + 10 kg ha-1 P2O5, T4 = 2.5 t ha-1 carabao manure + 20 kg ha-1 P2O5, and T5 = 2.5 t ha-1 carabao manure + 30 kg ha-1 P2O5. This was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.  Soil analysis revealed that phosphorus application with carabao dung promoted the accumulation of soil organic phosphorus. Statistical analysis showed significant effects (p â‰¥ 0.01 & p â‰¥ 0.05) was achieved in all parameters gathered except on the period from sowing to heading and maturity, the production of seeds pod-1, root: shoot ratio, and harvest index. The blended application of carabao dung (2.5 t ha-1) and inert phosphorus regardless of dosage produced a remarkably higher number of pods plant-1 (6.13 â€“ 11.53 podsÂ±0.0000) and higher seed yield (0.70 to 1.40 g plant-1Â±0.0001) than unfertilized control. The combined application of carabao dung (2.5 t ha-1) and synthetic phosphorus (30 kg ha-1) is an appropriate fertilization strategy for mungbean production in calcareous soil to affect higher productivity.
Another look at sensory attributes of broiler chickens fed with non-fermented and fermented diets
Authors: Rivera Gerald M. , Casinillo Leomarich F.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the sensory attributes and general acceptability of steamed meat of broiler chickens fed with non-fermented (control) and fermented diets. The study used water, water + coco vinegar, and water + RPL8+AKE probiotic as fermenting causal agents. A total of thirty (30) breast carcass (steamed at 100oC for 10-15 minutes) samples per treatment at five grams (5g) per sample were utilized for evaluation. A group of thirty trained taste panelists composed of Food Technology students assessed the sensory attributes using the quality score and Hedonic scale sheets. Descriptive statistics were used in the sensory evaluation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple comparison test using Tukeyâ€™s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to compare the treatment means of the sensory attributes of the steamed meat samples in terms of skin color, flesh color, aroma, texture, taste, and general acceptability. The rating scores on skin colors (p-value=0.050), and texture (p-value=0.013) of steamed meat of broiler chickens fed with non-fermented and fermented diets were significantly different at a 5% level. Results revealed that the fermented diets have improved the broilers' skin colors (yellowish cream) and improved the texture quality of meat (moderately firm). Based on ANOVA, there is no significant difference observed in the descriptive scores in relation to flesh color (p-value=0.171), aroma (p-value=0.621), taste (p-value=0.723) and general acceptability (p-value=0.491). However, the steamed carcass of broiler-fed fermented diets (coco vinegar and probiotic) is slightly preferred based on ranks. Hence, fermented diets can modify the meat quality of broilers to meet consumersâ€™ expectations.