bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis Using a Combination of Chevron Osteotomy, Longitudinal K-wire, and K-wire Compression Staples
Authors: Shin Seung-Han , Lee Yong-Suk , Park Il-Jung , Chung Yang-Guk , Song Seok-Whan , Kim Hyoung-Min , Lee Jae-Young
Published: October 2018

Among surgical methods for advanced trapeziometacarpal arthrosis, arthrodesis may benefit high-demand patients such as laborers because it preserves the osseous foundation of the thumb. The authors achieved successful trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis in 3 patients by a combination of chevron osteotomy, longitudinal K-wire, and K-wire compression staples without using bone graft. There were no complications specifically associated with the surgery other than asymptomatic slight pull-out of a staple. This combination is a good option for trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis, having the advantages of using a small incision and common devices and being low cost. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(6):e894–e896.]
Experiences of Violence and Preventive Measures Among Nurses in Psychiatric and Non–Psychiatric Home Visit Nursing Services in Japan
Authors: Fujimoto Hirokazu , Greiner Chieko , Hirota Misato , Yamaguchi Yuko , Ryuno Hirochika , Hashimoto Takeshi
Published: October 2018

Home visit nurses (HVNs) are crucial in psychiatric home visit nursing (PHVN) in Japan. However, little is known about violence toward HVNs in PHVN and non–PHVN settings. The current study aimed to clarify nurses' experiences of violence in these settings, their implementation of preventive measures, and related associations. Questionnaires were distributed to HVNs who provided PHVN and non–PHVN services. Sixty-nine (38%) of 184 participants had experienced at least one form of violence during the past 12 months, and 87 (47%) had experienced violence during their PHVN career. In non–PHVN settings, violence was experienced by 94 (51%) participants in the past 12 months and 119 (65%) participants during their career. Low use of preventive measures was found. The management of visiting schedules and confirmation of HVNs' locations during visits were negatively associated with exposure to violence in PHVN settings. It is important to promote measures to prevent high exposure to violence, emphasize the monitoring of visits, and have nursing agencies clarify HVNs' concerns in PHVN settings. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(4), 40–48.]
Medical Management of Children With Congenital/Infantile Cataract Associated With Microphthalmia, Microcornea, or Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Authors: Daniel Moritz Claudius , Adams Gillian G. W. , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

To report the surgical outcomes of children with cataract associated with microphthalmia, microcornea, or persistent fetal vasculature (MMP) and children with isolated cataract.

Methods:

The study included 111 children (cataract associated with MMP: n = 25) who underwent cataract surgery at younger than 16 years. Exclusion criteria were duration of follow-up less than 5 years, intraindividual differences in age at surgery, eye disorders other than MMP, secondary cataract, and syndromal diseases. Main outcome measures were proportion of eyes with glaucoma and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Both groups were dichotomized by age at surgery (early intervention group: ≤ 48 days). Descriptive analysis was performed throughout.

Results:

Median age at surgery was 3.9 months for cataract associated with MMP and 23.3 months for isolated cataract. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of follow-up was 95.9 months (range: 76.0 to 154.5 months). In children with bilateral cataract associated with MMP, the proportion of eyes with final BCVA worse than 0.3 logMAR was similar regardless of age at surgery (early intervention: 80%, later intervention: 78%). In bilateral isolated cataract, the proportions were 56% and 33%, respectively. Children with cataract associated with MMP had a high prevalence of glaucoma (28%). Glaucoma prevalence was lower in the later intervention group.

Conclusions:

In the presence of MMP, early cataract surgery is associated with a high risk of post-lensectomy glaucoma, but does not offer the benefit of better visual outcomes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(1):43–49.]
GBL in Math Problem Solving: Is it Effective?
Authors: Pratama Loviga Denny , Setyaningrum Wahyu
Published: October 2018

The present study investigates the difference effect of problem solving model with or without game-based learning (GBL) on lower and higher achievers’. Ninety-one students of grade eight (M = 13.9; SD = 0,5 year) from Indonesia were randomly allocated to participated in the study. Data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Two test were used in this study, one for assessing prior knowladge, and the other for the post-testing. Posttes was composed of two measuring both numeric (procedural and arithmatical accuracy) and reasoning (applied problems in geometry). Results indicated that students who were exposed to the game-based learning within problem solving (PS+GBL) significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed on the basis of textbook within problem solving (PS+TB). The positive effects of PS+GBL were observed on both tests of numeracy and applied problems in geometry. In addition, the findings show the positive effects of PS+GBL method on lower and higher achievers.
Smart Phone based Cost Effective Visitor Management System for Smart Offices
Authors: Rao Santhosha , A Smitha , Kulkarni Kunal
Published: October 2018

In recent years, the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has kick started the home and office automation in a very rapid manner. The paper demonstrates a cost effective implementation of an IoT system for managing the visitors in an office environment. The automation system comprises low cost NodeMCU based Wireless Transmitter, NodeMCU based Wireless Display Unit and an android mobile phone. The mobile phone also serves as wireless Access Point to which the Wireless Transmitter and the Wireless Display Units are wirelessly connected for exchanging the messages using UDP protocol. The Wireless Transmitter and the Wireless Display Units are kept in the visitor’s waiting area. The consulting person possesses an android mobile phone in which the automation software is installed. The visitor enters a message using the Wireless Transmitter and notes down the acknowledgement token number sent by the automation software. When the consulting person checks this message, the same token number is sent to the Wireless Display Unit signaling the visitor to consult the person.
Performance : réénonciation et réincarnation dans les genres de la performance
Authors: Kapchan Deborah A.
Published: October 2018

Cette contribution a pour objet la performance comme pratique esthétique. Selon Deborah A. Kapchan, il s’agit d’un processus qui transforme la réalité. Après une présentation historique du mouvement de la performance en anthropologie, elle explore la manière dont des oratrices performent des genres oraux habituellement associés aux hommes et les « réénoncent » (revoice) au féminin, créant ainsi de nouveaux espaces pour les femmes dans la sphère publique au Maroc.
De « La Manif pour Tous » au rap identitaire et dissident. Circulation des discours antiféministes, hétérosexistes et antisémites en France
Authors: Chetcuti‑Osorovitz Natacha , Teicher Fabrice
Published: October 2018

Les mobilisations importantes d’opposition à la loi relative au « mariage pour tous » depuis 2012 voient s’associer des courants aux préoccupations très éloignées, notamment autour d’ennemis communs, principalement les juifs, les lesbiennes et les gays. Cet article vise à comprendre l’articulation entre antisémitisme, racisme, antiféminisme et homophobie qui structure la résistance à l’égalité des droits. En quoi, et dans quelle mesure, les convergences entre antisémitisme et homophobie dans ces mouvements sont-elles représentatives d’une très ancienne perméabilité entre les deux idéologies ? Pour le comprendre, nous analyserons les formes que prennent, dans le discours oral de ces mouvements, des expressions antisémites réactivées par les débats sur l’égalité en matière de genre et de sexualité, la stratégie de communication dans laquelle elles s’inscrivent et comment cette contestation cristallise une convergence entre des mouvements réactionnaires a priori opposés.L’article étudiera dans un premier temps les supports de communication des mouvements d’opposition à la loi relative au « mariage pour tous » (flyers, tracts, affiches, messages sur les réseaux sociaux) et les slogans proférés dans ces manifestations. Dans un second temps, l’analyse portera sur un phénomène en pleine ampleur depuis le début des années 2010 : l’émergence de groupuscules réactionnaires détournant volontairement les codes de communication de leurs adversaires. Enfin, nous terminerons par une analyse de la résurgence de groupes musicaux aux paroles antisémites, anti‑homosexuel‑les et antiféministes favorisée par internet.
Pourquoi le débat #EuropaCity n’a pas pris sur Twitter ?
Authors: Antolinos-Basso Diégo , Paddeu Flaminia , Douay Nicolas , Blanc Nathalie
Published: October 2018

Cet article porte sur l’activisme environnemental et les usages du numérique. Le cas de la controverse autour du projet EuropaCity en périphérie parisienne s’appuie une analyse de l’usage du réseau social Twitter. Le corpus de données collecté et analysé correspond au hashtag de la controverse, #EuropaCity, ainsi qu’aux profils des acteurs principaux du débat sur la plateforme. Les résultats permettent d’établir une cartographie d’un débat qui peine à s’instaurer en ligne. Plus spécifiquement il s’agit d’observer l’évolution dans le temps du débat, par la distribution temporelle des tweets et son articulation à l’actualité des mobilisations, de l’évolution du projet et des moments du débat public. Une attention est aussi portée aux principaux acteurs impliqués dans la controverse et à leurs registres d’action au travers de l’importance prise par la controverse EuropaCity dans leurs communications et actions, leurs proximités et éventuelles mise en réseau, leurs interactions, leurs modes d’expression et bien sûr le contenu des tweets.
Prevalence of breastfeeding in premature infants with very low birth weight in the first six months of life - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.11805
Authors: Sassá Anelize Helena , Lopes Cauana Gonçalves , Bengozi Talita Maria , Rossetto Edilaine Giovanini , Souza Sarah Nancy Deggau Hegeto de , Dalmas José Carlos
Published: October 2018

Few studies have investigated the duration of breastfeeding among premature infants born with very low birth weight. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among very low birth weight premature infants at a university hospital in Londrina Paraná State, Brazil and the identification of factors related to breastfeeding practice were determined. Current quantitative and analytic retrospective study analyzed the medical records, attendance reports and interviews of 54 mother-infant binomials. Breastfeeding was prevalent in 90% of infants, of which 50% were exclusively breastfed, at hospital discharge. However, 51% were weaned before their sixth month. The statistical analysis showed a positive association between breastfeeding and do not working mothers outside the home, cesarean delivery, positive previous experience in breastfeeding and gestational age at birth over 33 weeks. MF prevalence in the specific population NBVLW infants reinforce the notion that breastfeeding preterm infants, albeit challenging, may be carried out with the appropriate support of the mother-child binomial.
Molecular Expression of bone marrow angiogenic factors, cell-cell adhesion molecules and matrix-metallo-proteinase plasma cellular disorders: a molecular panel to investigate disease progression
Authors: Rapanotti Maria Cristina
Published: October 2018

Increasing levels of angiogenesis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Malignant plasma cells promote a gradual increase in the degree of angiogenesis, modulation of specific cell-cell adhesion molecules and secretion of matrix-metallo-proteinases (MMPs), changing the BM composition from benign conditions, such as MGUS, to smouldering multiple myeloma (SM) and to active MM. We aimed to identify a gene expression profile, helpful to discriminate the “angiogenic potential” in BM and PB plasma cells from MGUS, SMM and active MM patients analyzed at diagnosis. We analyzed the expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules such as VE-Cadherin, E-Cadherin MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and of the MMP-2 and MMP-9. MCAM/MUC18 expression resulted mostly associated with that of the pivotal angiogenic factors VEGF and Ang2, and in MGUS the pattern was different in steady state, compared to progression towards SM. Furthermore, E-Cadherin, the main epithelial cell-cell-adhesion molecule, unexpectedly resulted overexpressed in MM.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Bolgla Lori A. , Boling Michelle C. , Mace Kimberly L. , DiStefano Michael J. , Fithian Donald C. , Powers Christopher M.
Published: October 2018

Objective: 

To present recommendations for athletic trainers and other health care providers regarding the identification of risk factors for and management of individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Background: 

Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common knee diagnoses; however, this condition continues to be one of the most challenging to manage. Recent evidence has suggested that certain risk factors may contribute to the development of PFP. Early identification of risk factors may allow clinicians to develop and implement programs aimed at reducing the incidence of this condition. To date, clinicians have used various treatment strategies that have not necessarily benefitted all patients. Suboptimal outcomes may reflect the need to integrate clinical practice with scientific evidence to facilitate clinical decision making.

Recommendations: 

The recommendations are based on the best available evidence. They are intended to give athletic trainers and other health care professionals a framework for identifying risk factors for and managing patients with PFP.
Opmerkings rondom die basiese probleem van die Teologie Etiek
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kommunisme, Euro-kommunisme en Rooms-Katolisisme
Authors: Viljoen C.J.
Published: October 2018

No asbtract available.
Ampsetiek
Authors: De Wet J.I.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Bereavement
Authors: Roghi Alberto , Pedrotti Patrizia
Published: October 2018

It is well known that bereavement can cause ominous cardiovascular events and elicit aggressive behavior in bystanders. A multidisciplinary approach in end-of-life care including communication and taking into account cultural, social, emotional, religious, spiritual preferences, and local differences needs further development and implementation in health-care systems worldwide. The direct effects of emotional stress on the cardiovascular system and cardiac diseases most frequently implicated in sudden cardiac death are discussed.
The Relationship between Worry and Anger Rumination with Adjustment Problems To Heart Disease
Authors: Besharat Mohammad Ali , Ramesh Somayeh
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

Heart disease is one of the chronic diseases that require adjustment and extensive changes in the patient's life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between anger rumination and worry with adjustment problems to heart disease.

Methods:

A total of 327 patients with coronary artery disease (138 women and 189 men) participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Anger Rumination Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Adjustment to Illness Scale.

Results:

Worry, anger rumination, and difficulty in emotion regulation showed a negative correlation with adjustment to heart disease. The results of path analysis indicated that the relationship between worry and anger rumination with adjustment to heart disease was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of the present study, management of worry and anger rumination, as well as emotion regulation strategies, should be implemented in regular medical treatments for patients with heart disease.
On invariants of C*-algebras with the ideal property
Authors: Wang Kun
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we study the relation between the extended Elliott invariant and the Stevens invariant of C*-algebras. We show that in general the Stevens invariant can be derived from the extended Elliott invariant in a functorial manner. We also show that these two invariants are isomorphic for C*-algebras satisfying the ideal property. A C*-algebra is said to have the ideal property if each of its closed two-sided ideals is generated by projections inside the ideal. Both simple, unital C*-algebras and real rank zero C*-algebras have the ideal property. As a consequence, many classes of non-simple C*-algebras can be classified by their extended Elliott invariants, which is a generalization of Elliott’s conjecture.
Топологический носитель z-мер на симплексе Тома
Authors: Olshanski Grigorii Iosifovich
Published: October 2018

Симплекс Тома $\Omega$ - это бесконечномерное пространство, являющееся своего рода дуальным объектом к бесконечной симметрической группе. z-меры образуют семейство вероятностных мер на $\Omega$, зависящих от трех непрерывных параметров. Одним из них служит параметр симметрических функций Джека, и в пределе, когда он стремится к $0$, z-меры превращаются в распределения Пуассона-Дирихле. Определение z-мер является до некоторой степени неявным. Мы показываем, что топологический носитель всякой невырожденной z-меры есть все пространство $\Omega$.
Существование майорановских локализованных состояний в сверхпроводящей нанопроволоке вблизи примеси
Authors: Chuburin Yurii Pavlovich
Published: October 2018

Рассматривается нанопроволока с наведенным в результате эффекта близости $s$-волновым сверхпроводящим порядком в присутствии зеемановского поля и взаимодействия Рашбы. Для малой сверхпроводящей щели и малых импульсов аналитически доказано существование майорановских локализованных состояний при определенном локальном изменении зеемановского поля или сверхпроводящего порядка, а также получены явные выражения для соответствующих волновых функций. Исследовано рассеяние возбужденных состояний с энергиями, близкими к граничным точкам щели, при прохождении через примесь при локальных изменениях указанных параметров системы вблизи этой примеси; показано, что вероятность прохождения равна единице.
Дискретность дион-дилатонных черных дыр
Authors: Davydov Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2018

Показано, что существуют два различных класса решений, описывающих статические сферически-симметричные дион-дилатонные черные дыры с несингулярными горизонтами. Первый класс включает в себя уже известные решения, которые возникают лишь для нескольких дискретных значений дилатонной константы связи. Решения, относящиеся ко второму классу, имеют существенно другие свойства. Они могут существовать при непрерывно изменяющихся значениях дилатонной константы связи, но при этом значение поля дилатона на горизонте должно быть не произвольным, а принимать некоторые дискретные значения. Для каждого заданного значения дилатонной константы связи могут существовать несколько решений второго класса, отличающихся количеством нулей дилатонной функции в области между горизонтами и разделяющих собой подмножества сингулярных решений.
Модель Поттса на решетке Бете с немагнитными примесями во внешнем поле
Authors: Semkin Sergei Viktorovich , Smagin Viktor Pavlovich , Gusev Evgeniy Georgievich
Published: October 2018

Получено решение для модели Поттса на решетке Бете во внешнем поле с подвижными немагнитными примесями. С помощью метода "псевдохаотического" распределения примесей (обращения в ноль корреляции в расположении атомов примеси для ближайших узлов) получена система уравнений для определения кривой фазовых переходов первого рода на плоскости "температура-внешнее поле". Найдена зависимость от концентрации магнитных атомов конечной точки линии фазовых переходов.
Бильярд Артина: экспоненциальный распад корреляционных функций
Authors: Poghosyan Hasmik Rubenovna , Babujian H M , Savvidi Georgii Konstantinovich
Published: October 2018

Траектории гиперболических C-систем Амосова экспоненциально неустойчивы, поэтому C-системы обладают естественными и наиболее сильными хаотическими свойствами. Особый интерес представляют С-системы, которые определены на замкнутых поверхностях плоскости Лобачевского постоянной отрицательной кривизны. Пример такой системы был предложен в блестящей статье, опубликованной в 1924 году Эмилем Артином. Эта динамическая система определена на фундаментальной области плоскости Лобачевского, которая получается путем отождествления точек, конгруэнтных относительно модулярной группы - дискретной подгруппы изометрий плоскости Лобачевского. Фундаментальной областью в этом случае является гиперболический треугольник. Таким образом, временная эволюция геодезических траектории неевклидова бильярда происходит в фундаментальном гиперболическом треугольнике. Нами представлены результаты Артина, вычислены корреляционные функции наблюдаемых, которые определены на фазовом пространстве бильярда, и показано, что корреляционные функции со временем экспоненциально распадаются. Использована символическая динамика Артина, дифференциальная геометрия и теоретико-групповые методы Гельфанда-Фомина.
Can individual autonomy and rights be defended in Afro-communitarianism?
Authors: Chimakonam Jonathan O.
Published: October 2018

I argue that individual autonomy and rights can be defended but only in African or qualified version of communitarianism. I posit that there are two possible versions of communitarianism: the qualified or the African and the unqualified or the version discussed mostly by Western scholars. I show that Ifeanyi Menkiti, Kwame Gyekye, Michael Eze and Bernard Matolino have formulated communitarian theories of right in African philosophy. I explain that while Menkiti and Gyekye erroneously employed the unqualified version in their proposals, Eze and Matolinowho employed the qualified version failed to ground it in a non-Western or African logic. I argue that while the Western or Aristotelian logic grounds the unqualified version making it difficult to defend autonomy and rights within it, an African logic can be used to ground a qualified version of communitarianism in order to bring out an important African cultural value such as complementarity which affirms the identity of the individual first, so as to justify other communal values such as solidarity and common good, etc. I therefore contend that the qualified version isthe correct specimen for analysing the individual-community relationship in African philosophy in which autonomy and rights can be defended.Keywords: individual autonomy, rights, African philosophy, Afro-communitarianism, Menkiti, Gyekye, Eze, Matolino
Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia
Authors: Jiménez-Franco Abigail , Alfonso Pura , Canet Carles , Trujillo Juan Elvys
Published: October 2018

The Santa Fe mining district is located in the Central Andean tin belt of Bolivia and contains several Sn-Zn-Pb-Ag deposits. From the economic point of view, the most important deposits of the district are Japo, Santa Fe and Morococala. Beyond the traditional metal commodities, the Central Andean Tin Belt could become an exploration target for indium, owing to the potential of the ore-bearing paragenesis with high concentrations of this technology-critical element. In the Santa Fe mining district, the ore occurs as two main types: (a) Sn-rich cassiterite-quartz veins, and (b) Zn-Pb-Ag veins with sphalerite, galena and stannite mineral phases. The In content in igneous rocks is between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm, whereas in the ore concentrate it attains up to 200 ppm. The 1,000×In/Zn ratio in concentrate ranges from 25 up to 4,000. Exceptionally high In values were found in sakuraiite from Morococala deposit (2.03 wt%). Sakuraiite in this deposit shows evidences for a link between stannite and kësterite trend of solid solutions. There is a noteworthy exploration potential for strategic metals in this district and even in similar deposits elsewhere in the Central Andean tin belt.
Origin and evolution of lago Yehuin (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina): Results from a geophysical survey
Authors: Lozano Jorge G. , Tassone Alejandro , Lodolo Emanuele , Menichetti Marco , Cerredo María E. , Bran Donaldo M. , Esteban Federico , Ormazabal Juan P. , Baradello Luca , Vilas Juan F.
Published: October 2018

Lago Yehuin, a WNW-ESE elongated basin located in the outer fold-and-thrust belt of the Fuegian Andes, occupies a compartmented structural depression originated along a segment of the left-lateral Lago Deseado fault system. This paper describes the first geophysical survey performed within the lake. New acquired high-resolution single-channel seismic data, integrated with geological information in the surroundings of the Lago Yehuin, allowed to: (i) produce a complete bathymetric map of the lake, (ii) reconstruct the basement surface of the lake, and (iii) analyze the geometry, distribution, and thickness of the sedimentary infill. Two sub-basins were recognized within Lago Yehuin: A western sub-basin, 7.5 km long, with a maximum depth of 118 m; an eastern sub-basin, 7.2 km long with a maximum depth of 80 m. Both sub-basins are limited by a set of normal faults which overprint NE-verging thrusts. Three seismo-stratigraphic units have been identified in the seismic records: (1) a lower unit with wedged geometry interpreted as a mass flow deposits; (2) a thick (up to 120 m) intermediate unit of glacio-lacustrine nature and irregularly distributed in the Yehuin basin; (3) a thin (generally
Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality
Authors: Laban Tracey Leah , van Zyl Pieter Gideon , Beukes Johan Paul , Vakkari Ville , Jaars Kerneels , Borduas-Dedekind Nadine , Josipovic Miroslav , Thompson Anne Mee , Kulmala Markku , Laakso Lauri
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Although elevated surface ozone (O3)
concentrations are observed in many areas within southern Africa, few studies
have investigated the regional atmospheric chemistry and dominant atmospheric
processes driving surface O3 formation in this region. Therefore, an
assessment of comprehensive continuous surface O3 measurements performed
at four sites in continental South Africa was conducted. The regional O3
problem was evident, with O3 concentrations regularly exceeding the
South African air quality standard limit, while O3 levels were higher
compared to other background sites in the Southern Hemisphere. The temporal
O3 patterns observed at the four sites resembled typical trends for
O3 in continental South Africa, with O3 concentrations peaking in
late winter and early spring. Increased O3 concentrations in winter were
indicative of increased emissions of O3 precursors from household
combustion and other low-level sources, while a spring maximum observed at
all the sites was attributed to increased regional biomass burning. Source
area maps of O3 and CO indicated significantly higher O3 and CO
concentrations associated with air masses passing over a region with
increased seasonal open biomass burning, which indicated CO associated with
open biomass burning as a major source of O3 in continental South
Africa. A strong correlation between O3 on CO was observed, while
O3 levels remained relatively constant or decreased with increasing
NOx, which supports a VOC-limited regime. The instantaneous production
rate of O3 calculated at Welgegund indicated that ∼40 %
of O3 production occurred in the VOC-limited regime. The relationship
between O3 and precursor species suggests that continental South Africa
can be considered VOC limited, which can be attributed to high anthropogenic
emissions of NOx in the interior of South Africa. The study indicated
that the most effective emission control strategy to reduce O3 levels
in continental South Africa should be CO and VOC reduction, mainly associated
with household combustion and regional open biomass burning.
Simultaneous observations of NLCs and MSEs at midlatitudes: implications for formation and advection of ice particles
Authors: Gerding Michael , Zöllner Jochen , Zecha Marius , Baumgarten Kathrin , Höffner Josef , Stober Gunter , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We combined ground-based lidar observations of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) with
collocated, simultaneous radar observations of mesospheric summer echoes
(MSEs) in order to compare ice cloud altitudes at a midlatitude site
(Kühlungsborn, Germany, 54∘ N, 12∘ E). Lidar
observations are limited to larger particles (>10 nm), while radars are
also sensitive to small particles (<10 nm), but require sufficient
ionization and turbulence at the ice cloud altitudes. The combined lidar and
radar data set thus includes some information on the size distribution within
the cloud and through this on the “history” of the cloud. The soundings for this
study are carried out by the IAP Rayleigh–Mie–Raman (RMR) lidar and the OSWIN VHF radar. On
average, there is no difference between the lower edges
(zNLClow and zMSElow). The mean
difference of the upper edges zNLCup and
zMSEup is ∼500 m, which is much less than
expected from observations at higher latitudes. In contrast to high
latitudes, the MSEs above our location typically do not reach much higher than
the NLCs. In addition to earlier studies from our site, this gives additional
evidence for the supposition that clouds containing large enough particles to
be observed by lidar are not formed locally but are advected from higher
latitudes. During the advection process, the smaller particles in the upper
part of the cloud either grow and sediment, or they sublimate. Both processes
result in a thinning of the layer. High-altitude MSEs, usually indicating
nucleation of ice particles, are rarely observed in conjunction with lidar
observations of NLCs at Kühlungsborn.
Ice injected up to the Tropopause by Deep Convection: 1) in the Austral Convective Tropics
Authors: Dion Iris-Amata , Ricaud Philippe , Haynes Peter , Carminati Fabien , Dauhut Thibaut
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The impact of deep convection on the water budget (water vapor and ice) from the tropical Upper Troposphere (UT, around 146 hPa) to the Tropopause Level (TL, around 100 hPa) is investigated. Ice water content (IWC) and water vapour (WV) measured in the UT and the TL by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, Version 4.2) are compared to the precipitation (Prec) measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM, Version 007). The two datasets, gridded within 2° × 2° horizontal bins, have been analyzed during the austral convective season: December, January and February (DJF) from 2004 to 2017. MLS observations are performed at 01:30 and 13:30 Local Solar Time whilst the Prec dataset is constructed with a time resolution of 1 hour. The new contribution of this study is to provide a much more detailed picture of the diurnal variation of ice than is provided by the very limited (2 per day) MLS observations. Firstly, we show that IWC represents 70 and 50 % of the total water in the tropical UT and TL, respectively and that Prec is spatially highly correlated with IWC in the UT (Pearson linear coefficient R = 0.7). We propose a method using Prec as a proxy of deep convection bringing ice up into the TL, during the growing stage of the convection. We validate the method using ice measurements from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) during the period DJF 2009–2010. Next, the diurnal amount of IWC injected into the UT and the TL by deep convection is calculated by the difference between the maximum and the minimum in the estimated diurnal cycle of IWC in these layers and over selected convective zones. Six tropical highly convective zones have been chosen: South America, South Africa, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Maritime Continent region, split into land (MariCont-L) and ocean (MariCont-O). IWC injection is found to be 2.73 and 0.41 mg m−3 over tropical land in the UT and TL, respectively, and 0.60 and 0.13 mg m−3 over tropical ocean in the UT and TL, respectively. The MariCont-L region has the greatest ice injection in both UT and TL (3.34 and 0.42–0.56 mg m−3, respectively). The MariCont-O region has less ice injection than MariCont-L (0.91 mg m−3 in the UT and 0.16–0.34 mg m−3 in TL), but has the highest diurnal minimum value of IWC in the TL (0.34–0.37 mg m−3) among all oceanic zones.
Fundamentals of Data Assimilation applied to biogeochemistry
Authors: Rayner Peter J. , Michalak Anna M. , Chevallier Frédéric
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This article lays out the fundamentals of data assimilation as used in biogeochemistry. It demonstrates that all of the methods in widespread use within the field are special cases of the underlying Bayesian formalism. Methods differ in the assumptions they make and information they provide on the probability distributions used in Bayesian calculations. It thus provides a basis for comparison and choice among these methods. It also provides a standardised notation for the various quantities used in the field.
Effects of Near-Source Coagulation of Biomass Burning Aerosols on Global Predictions of Aerosol Size Distributions and Implications for Aerosol Radiative Effects
Authors: Ramnarine Emily , Kodros John K. , Hodshire Anna L. , Lonsdale Chantelle R. , Alvarado Matthew J. , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Biomass burning is a significant global source of aerosol number and mass. In fresh biomass burning plumes, aerosol coagulation reduces aerosol number and increases the median size of aerosol size distributions, impacting aerosol radiative effects. Near-source biomass burning aerosol coagulation occurs at spatial scales much smaller than the grid boxes of global and many regional models. To date, these models ignore sub-grid coagulation and instantly mix fresh biomass burning emissions into coarse grid boxes. A previous study found that the rate of particle growth by coagulation within an individual smoke plume can be approximated using the aerosol mass emissions rate, initial size distribution median diameter and modal width, plume mixing depth, and wind speed. In this paper, we use this parameterization of sub-grid coagulation in the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS global aerosol microphysics model to quantify the impacts on global aerosol size distributions, the direct radiative effect, and the cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect. We find that inclusion of biomass burning sub-grid coagulation reduces the biomass burning impact on the number concentration of particles larger than 80 nm (a proxy for CCN-sized particles) by 37 % globally. This CCN reduction causes our estimated global biomass burning cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect to decrease from −76 to −43 mW m−2. Further, as sub-grid coagulation moves mass to sizes with more efficient scattering, including it increases our estimated biomass burning all-sky direct effect from −224 to −231 mW m−2 with assumed external mixing and from −188 to −197 mW m−2 with assumed internal mixing with core-shell morphology. However, due to differences in fire and meteorological conditions across regions, the impact of sub-grid coagulation is not globally uniform. We also test the sensitivity of the impact of sub-grid coagulation to two different biomass burning emission inventories, to various assumptions about the fresh biomass burning aerosol size distribution, and to two different timescales of sub-grid coagulation. The impacts of sub-grid coagulation are qualitatively the same regardless of these assumptions.
Recovery of the three-dimensional wind and sonic temperature data from a physically deformed sonic anemometer
Authors: Zhou Xinhua , Yang Qinghua , Zhen Xiaojie , Li Yubin , Hao Guanghua , Shen Hui , Gao Tian , Sun Yirong , Zheng Ning
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A sonic anemometer reports three-dimensional (3-D) wind and sonic temperature
(Ts) by measuring the time of ultrasonic signals transmitting along each
of its three sonic paths, whose geometry of lengths and angles in the
anemometer
coordinate system was precisely determined through production calibrations
and the geometry data were embedded into the sonic anemometer operating
system (OS) for internal computations. If this geometry is deformed, although
correctly measuring the time, the sonic anemometer continues to use its
embedded geometry data for internal computations, resulting in incorrect
output of 3-D wind and Ts data. However, if the geometry is remeasured
(i.e., recalibrated) and to update the OS, the sonic anemometer can resume
outputting correct data. In some cases, where immediate recalibration is not
possible, a deformed sonic anemometer can be used because the ultrasonic
signal-transmitting time is still correctly measured and the correct time can
be used to recover the data through post processing. For example, in 2015, a
sonic anemometer was geometrically deformed during transportation to
Antarctica. Immediate deployment was critical, so the deformed sonic
anemometer was used until a replacement arrived in 2016. Equations and
algorithms were developed and implemented into the post-processing software
to recover wind data with and without transducer-shadow correction and Ts
data with crosswind correction. Post-processing used two geometric datasets,
production calibration and recalibration, to recover the wind and Ts
data from May 2015 to January 2016. The recovery reduced the difference of
9.60 to 8.93 ∘C between measured and calculated Ts to 0.81 to
−0.45 ∘C, which is within the expected range, due to normal
measurement errors. The recovered data were further processed to derive
fluxes. As data reacquisition is time-consuming and expensive, this
data-recovery approach is a cost-effective and time-saving option for similar
cases. The equation development can be a reference for related topics.
A combined analysis of geomagnetic data and cosmic ray secondaries in the September 2017 space weather phenomena studies
Authors: Sidorov Roman , Soloviev Anatoly , Gvishiani Alexei , Getmanov Viktor , Mandea Mioara , Petrukhin Anatoly , Yashin Igor
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The September 2017 solar flares and the subsequent geomagnetic storms driven by the coronal mass ejections were recognized as the ones of the most powerful space weather events during the current solar cycle. The occurrence of the most powerful solar flares and magnetic storms during the declining phase of a solar cycle (including the current 24th cycle) is a well-known phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to better characterize these events by applying the generalized characteristic function approach for combined analysis of geomagnetic activity indices, total electron content data and secondary cosmic ray data from the muon hodoscope that contained Forbush decreases resulting from solar plasma impacts. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of identification of low-amplitude specific features in the analyzed data sets, using data from several environmental sources. The data sets for the storm period on September 6–11, 2017, were standardized in a unified way to construct the generalized characteristic function representing the overall dynamics of the data sequence. The new developed technique can help to study various space weather effects and obtain new mutually supportive information on different phases of geomagnetic storm evolution, based on the geomagnetic and other environmental observations in the near-terrestrial space.
On the assessment of the moisture transport by the Great Plains low-level jet
Authors: Algarra Iago , Eiras-Barca Jorge , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Low-Level Jets (LLJs) can be defined as filamentous wind corridors of anomalously high wind speed values located within the first km of the troposphere. These structures, together with atmospheric rivers (ARs), are the major meteorological systems in the meridional transport of moisture on a global scale. In this work, we focus on the Great Plains low-level jet, which plays an important role in the moisture transport balance over the central United States. The Gulf of Mexico is the main moisture source for the GPLLJ, which has been identified as a key factor for rainfall modulation over the eastern and central US. The relationship between moisture transport from the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Plains and precipitation is well documented in previous studies. Nevertheless, a large uncertainty still remains in the quantification of the moisture amount actually carried by the GPLLJ. The main goal of this work is to address this question. For this purpose, a relatively new tool, the regional atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting Model with 3D water vapour tracers (WRF-TT, Insua-Costa and Miguez-Macho, 2018) is used together with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART to estimate the load of precipitable water advected within the GPLLJ. From a climatology of jet intensity over a 37-year period (Rife et al., 2010), which follows a Gaussian distribution, we select for study 5 cases representing the mean, and one and two standard deviations above and below it. Results show that the jet is responsible for roughly 70 %–80 % of the moisture transport occurring in the southern Great Plains when a jet event occurs. Furthermore, moisture transport by the GPLLJ extends to the northeast US, accounting for 50 % of the total in areas near the Great Lakes. Vertical distributions show the maximum of moisture advected by the GPLLJ at surface levels and maximum values of moisture flux about 500 m above, in coincidence with the wind speed profile.
Thetis coastal ocean model: discontinuous Galerkin discretization for the
three-dimensional hydrostatic equations
Authors: Kärnä Tuomas , Kramer Stephan C. , Mitchell Lawrence , Ham David A. , Piggott Matthew D. , Baptista António M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Unstructured grid ocean models are advantageous for simulating the coastal ocean and river–estuary–plume systems. However, unstructured grid models tend to be diffusive and/or computationally expensive, which limits their applicability to real-life problems. In this paper, we describe a novel discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element discretization for the hydrostatic equations. The formulation is fully conservative and second-order accurate in space and time. Monotonicity of the advection scheme is ensured by using a strong stability-preserving time integration method and slope limiters. Compared to previous DG models, advantages include a more accurate mode splitting method, revised viscosity formulation, and new second-order time integration scheme. We demonstrate that the model is capable of simulating baroclinic flows in the eddying regime with a suite of test cases. Numerical dissipation is well-controlled, being comparable or lower than in existing state-of-the-art structured grid models.
Anatomy of simultaneous flood peaks at a lowland confluence
Authors: Geertsema Tjitske J. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Uijlenhoet Remko , Torfs Paul J. J. F. , Hoitink Antonius J. F.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Lowlands are vulnerable to flooding due to their mild topography in often
densely populated areas with high social and economic value. Moreover,
multiple physical processes coincide in lowland areas, such as those involved
in river–sea interactions and in merging rivers at confluences. Simultaneous
occurrence of such processes can result in amplifying or attenuating effects
on water levels. Our aim is to understand the mechanisms behind simultaneous
occurrence of discharge waves in a river and its lowland tributaries. Here,
we introduce a new way of analyzing lowland discharge and water level
dynamics, by tracing individual flood waves based on dynamic time warping. We
take the confluence of the Meuse River (∼33 000 km2) with the
joining tributaries of the Dommel and Aa rivers as an example, especially
because the January 1995 flood at this confluence was the result of the
simultaneous occurrence of discharge peaks in the main stream and the
tributaries and because independent observations of water levels and
discharge are available for a longer period. The analysis shows that the
exact timing of the arrival of discharge peaks is of little relevance
because of the long duration of the average discharge wave compared to
typical time lags between peaks. The discharge waves last on average 9 days,
whereas the lag time between discharge peaks in the main river and the
tributaries is typically 3 days. This results in backwaters that can rise up
to 1.5 m over a distance of 4 km from the confluence. Thus, local measures
to reduce the impact of flooding around the confluence should account for the
long duration of flood peaks in the main system.
QUANTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND WITH FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) POLLUTION BY INTEGRATING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA
Authors: Yang C. , Zhan Q. , Zhang J. , Liu H. , Fan Z.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. PM2.5 pollution is an environmental issue results from various natural and socioeconomic factors, frequently witnessed in the spring and winter across mainland China. However, the dominant influence of natural and socioeconomic factors within a city on PM2.5 is not extensively studied yet. In this study, the Random Forest Regression (RFR) is utilized to quantify the relationships between PM2.5 and potential factors within Wuhan city on a typical day turn from winter to spring. Technically, the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration in downtown area on February 17th 2017 are collected at 9 sites. In the meantime, we retrieve simultaneous aerosol depth optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The ground measured PM2.5 and AOD are coupled for the retrieval of near-surface PM2.5 concentration by Spatial-temporal CoKriging (STCK) with Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Building Index (NDBI) from Landsat-8 and DEM from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). As the geospatial big data booms, the Internet-collected volunteered geographic information (VGI), representing the urban form and function, are integrating for the regression to obtain the spatial variables importance measures (VIMs) by RFR both in centre and sub-urban region of Wuhan. The results reveal that terrain characteristics and the density of industrial enterprises have obvious relationships with the accumulation of PM2.5 while the density of roads also contributes to this.
20/20: The Studio Museum of Harlem and the Carnegie Museum of Art
Authors: Giordano Rebecca L.
Published: October 2018

Exhibition schedule: Carnegie Museum of Art, July 22–December 31, 2017
The Influence of Human Resource Practices on Job Satisfaction: Empirical Investigation of Jordan Hotels
Authors: Olaimat Daifallah
Published: October 2018

The present study examined the influence human resource practices on job satisfaction in the context of hotel industry in Jordan. The present study used five human resource practices such as recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, training and development, compensation, and employee participation. A total of 120 responses from 8 hotels were collected and analyzed objectively. Multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that all practices of human resource (i.e. recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, training and development, compensation, and employee participation) had positive influence on job satisfaction.