bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molnupiravir is effective in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Bołkun Łukasz , Pula Bartosz , Kołkowska‐Leśniak Agnieszka , Morawska Marta , Cichocka Edyta , Charlinski Grzegorz , Garus Bartosz , Giebel Sebastian , Piszcz Jaroslaw , Drozd‐Sokolowska Joanna , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Biernat Monika , Hus Iwona , Lech‐Maranda Ewa , Długosz‐Danecka Monika , Giannopoulos Krzysztof , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: January 2023

Patients with hematologic malignancies are particularly vulnerable to severe infectious complications. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with a high risk of severe course and death in this patient population. In addition, immune deficits associated with both the blood cancer and the treatment used make vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 less effective than in immunocompetent individuals. Molnupiravir is one of the first oral antiviral drugs to demonstrate a significant benefit in reducing hospitalisation and death in COVID‐19 in the general population. In this context, 175 haematology patients with diagnosed COVID‐19, and treated with MOL between January and April 2022, came under our scrutiny with a view to defining their clinical characteristics and outcomes. The most common underlying conditions were lymphomas (45%), multiple myelomas (21%) and acute leukaemias or myelodysplastic syndrome (35%). Of all, 77% of the patients were vaccinated, and half of them received a booster. At 28 days after the breakthrough COVID‐19 diagnosis, 35 (20%) subjects required hospital admission. Out of those patients, seven (4%) died during the follow‐up due to the progression of COVID. Our results corroborate what has been established to date with regard to the positive clinical and safety outcomes of MOL in haematology patients with mild or moderate COVID‐19.
Lipid raft protein flotillin‐1 is important for the interaction between SOS1 and H‐Ras/K‐Ras, leading to Ras activation
Authors: Jin Hao , Koh Minsoo , Lim Hyesol , Yong Hae‐Young , Kim Eun‐Sook , Kim Sun Young , Kim Kyoungmee , Jung Joohee , Ryu Won‐Ji , Choi Kang‐Yell , Moon Aree
Published: January 2023

Ras mutations have been frequently observed in human cancer. Although there is a high degree of similarity between Ras isomers, they display preferential coupling in specific cancer types. The binding of Ras to the plasma membrane is essential for its activation and biological functions. The present study elucidated Ras isoform‐specific interactions with the membrane and their role in Ras‐mediated biological activities. We investigated the role of a lipid raft protein flotillin‐1 (Flot‐1) in the activations of Ras. We found that Flot‐1 was co‐localized with H‐Ras, but not with N‐Ras, in lipid rafts of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cells. The amino‐terminal hydrophobic domain (1‐38) of Flot‐1 interacted with the hypervariable region of H‐Ras. The epidermal growth factor‐stimulated activation of H‐Ras required Flot‐1 which was not necessary for that of N‐Ras in breast cancer cells. Flot‐1 interacted with son of sevenless (SOS)‐1, which promotes the conversion of Ras‐bound GDP to GTP. Notably, Flot‐1 was crucial for the interaction between SOS1 and H‐Ras/K‐Ras in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Stable knockdown of Flot‐1 reduced the in vivo metastasis in a mouse xenograft model with human breast carcinoma cells. A tissue microarray composed of 61 human pancreatic cancer samples showed higher levels of Flot‐1 expression in pancreatic tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and a correlation between K‐Ras and Flot‐1. Taken together, our findings suggest that Flot‐1 may serve as a membrane platform for the interaction of SOS1 with H‐Ras/K‐Ras in human cancer cells, presenting Flot‐1 as a potential target for Ras‐driven cancers.
Deep distributional time series models and the probabilistic forecasting of intraday electricity prices
Authors: Klein Nadja , Smith Michael Stanley , Nott David J.
Published: January 2023

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with rich feature vectors of past values can provide accurate point forecasts for series that exhibit complex serial dependence. We propose two approaches to constructing deep time series probabilistic models based on a variant of RNN called an echo state network (ESN). The first is where the output layer of the ESN has stochastic disturbances and a Bayesian prior for regularization. The second employs the implicit copula of an ESN with Gaussian disturbances, which is a Gaussian copula process on the feature space. Combining this copula process with a nonparametrically estimated marginal distribution produces a distributional time series model. The resulting probabilistic forecasts are deep functions of the feature vector and marginally calibrated. In both approaches, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate the models and compute forecasts. The proposed models are suitable for the complex task of forecasting intraday electricity prices. Using data from the Australian market, we show that our deep time series models provide accurate short‐term probabilistic price forecasts, with the copula model dominating. Moreover, the models provide a flexible framework for incorporating probabilistic forecasts of electricity demand, which increases upper tail forecast accuracy from the copula model significantly.
Promoting engagement with self‐guided digital therapeutics for mental health: Insights from a cross‐sectional survey of end‐users
Authors: Gan Daniel Z. Q. , McGillivray Lauren , Larsen Mark E. , Torok Michelle
Published: January 2023

Background

Poor engagement has hindered the dissemination of self‐guided digital therapeutics for mental health. Evidence on the efficacy of technology‐supported strategies designed for increasing engagement with these interventions is currently inconclusive. Few studies have examined user perceptions of such strategies, which could yield key insights for enhancing their effectiveness.

Methods

Two hundred and eleven participants completed a cross‐sectional online survey. All participants were aged 18 years and above, living in Australia, fluent in English, and self‐reported prior use of digital therapeutics for mental health needs. Survey items elicited participants' views on factor(s) contributing to their engagement/disengagement with digital therapeutics, and perceptions of engagement strategies, including: automated electronic reminders, fun facts, quizzes, and social media platforms. χ2 tests of independence were used to analyse nominal data. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse free‐text data.

Results

Factors facilitating engagement included digestible content, assurance of confidentiality, and esthetically appealing design. Factors hindering engagement included lack of time, forgetfulness, and lack of perceived intervention efficacy. Participants had mixed views over the feasibility and acceptability of the strategies explored toward promoting engagement.

Conclusions

Regardless of strategy type, succinct and easily applicable content was identified as an important feature for promoting engagement. Conversely, content that could trigger psychological distress among intervention users should be avoided. Overall, the diverse range of user perspectives highlighted that engagement strategies for any specific digital intervention should be co‐designed with individuals with lived experience of mental health difficulties.
Intuition and meaning in life in persons with varying level of depressive symptoms and impairments in personality functioning
Authors: Remmers Carina , Zürn Michael , Anoschin Albert , Topolinski Sascha , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The current research explored the interplay between intuition, meaning in life, and psychopathology. Specifically, we investigated whether experiential and reflective components of meaning in life are associated with depressive symptoms and personality pathology, whether intuition is related to the experience of meaning, and whether psychopathology has disruptive effects on intuition as well as on the link between intuition and the experience of meaning.

Methods

We tested our preregistered hypotheses in two independent studies. In Study 1, N = 448 participants completed self‐report instruments assessing the experiential and the reflective dimensions of meaning in life, depressive symptoms, and impairments in personality functioning. Intuition was operationalized as the ability to intuitively detect semantic coherence in an experimental task. Additionally, self‐reported confidence in intuition was assessed. In Study 2, we aimed to replicate our findings and hypotheses that emerged from Study 1 with a new sample of N = 1189 participants.

Results

In both studies, participants with more depressive symptoms or higher levels of personality pathology experienced life as less meaningful but reflected significantly more about meaning in life. The intuitive ability to discriminate between coherence and incoherence in the experimental task was neither related to the experience of meaning in life nor to psychopathology, but more confidence in intuition was associated with experiencing life as more meaningful and with less psychopathological symptoms. It was tentatively supported that the association between meaning in life and intuition was moderated by psychopathology.

Conclusion

The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and regarding the cognitive‐affective processes potentially underlying people's experience of life being meaningful.
Going the distance: A longitudinal qualitative study of formal youth mentoring relationship development
Authors: Spencer Renée , Drew Alison L. , Gowdy Grace
Published: January 2023

More enduring formal youth mentoring relationships tend to be more effective, but our understanding of how such relationships develop and are sustained remains limited. This prospective, qualitative study examined the development of 67 one‐to‐one, community‐based mentoring relationships over a 2‐year period. Data included interviews with mentors, youth, and the youth's parent/guardian across multiple time‐points and agency case notes. Five developmental trajectories were identified: (a) continued growth, (b) initial growth that plateaued, (c) initial growth followed by decline and then recovery, (d) initial growth followed by decline with no recovery, and (e) little to no growth or connection. Matches in the continued growth and recovery groups were more enduring and experienced by participants as meaningful connections. Factors that appeared to have contributed to these different trajectories were youth interest in the mentoring relationship, mentor empathy, flexibility, and commitment, and program support.
Cocaine perturbs mitovesicle biology in the brain
Authors: D'Acunzo Pasquale , Ungania Jonathan M. , Kim Yohan , Barreto Bryana R. , DeRosa Steven , Pawlik Monika , Canals‐Baker Stefanie , Erdjument‐Bromage Hediye , Hashim Audrey , Goulbourne Chris N. , Neubert Thomas A. , Saito Mariko , Sershen Henry , Levy Efrat
Published: January 2023

Cocaine, an addictive psychostimulant, has a broad mechanism of action, including the induction of a wide range of alterations in brain metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Our group recently identified a subpopulation of non‐microvesicular, non‐exosomal extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin (mitovesicles) and developed a method to isolate mitovesicles from brain parenchyma. We hypothesised that the generation and secretion of mitovesicles is affected by mitochondrial abnormalities induced by chronic cocaine exposure. Mitovesicles from the brain extracellular space of cocaine‐administered mice were enlarged and more numerous when compared to controls, supporting a model in which mitovesicle biogenesis is enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial alterations. This interrelationship was confirmed in vitro. Moreover, cocaine affected mitovesicle protein composition, causing a functional alteration in mitovesicle ATP production capacity. These data suggest that mitovesicles are previously unidentified players in the biology of cocaine addiction and that target therapies to fine‐tune brain mitovesicle functionality may be beneficial to mitigate the effects of chronic cocaine exposure.
Eight‐color multiparameter flow cytometry (EuroFlow‐NGF) is as sensitive as next‐generation sequencing in detecting minimal/measurable residual disease in autografts of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Urushihara Ryota , Takezako Naoki , Yoroidaka Takeshi , Yamashita Takeshi , Murata Ryoichi , Satou Kenji , Nakao Shinji , Takamatsu Hiroyuki
Published: January 2023

The prognostic value of minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) detection in autografts of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in an autologous stem‐cell transplantation setting has been reported. Next‐generation flow (NGF) cytometry has lower sensitivity (2 × 10−6) to detect MRD than next‐generation sequencing (NGS) (<10−6). We compared the clinical value of high‐sensitivity NGF (cutoff: <10−6) and NGS (cutoff: 10−6) for the detection of MRD in the cryopreserved autografts of 49 patients with newly diagnosed MM. The sensitivity test using frozen/thawed autografts revealed a strong correlation among MRD levels of 5 × 10−7 and 1 × 10−4 (r = 0.9997, p < 0.0001) when an adequate number of cells were analyzed. Autograft MRD levels determined using NGF and NGS were highly correlated (r = 0.811, p < 0.0001). MRD‐negative patients identified with NGF (cutoff: <10−6) showed significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than MRD‐positive patients (p = 0.026). The PFS of MRD‐negative patients determined by NGS (cutoff: 10−6) was similar to that determined by NGF. These results show that the high‐sensitivity NGF method can assess MRD in frozen/thawed autografts, and its prognostic value is comparable to that of NGS.
Deep Learning for Noninvasive Assessment of H3 K27M Mutation Status in Diffuse Midline Gliomas Using MR Imaging
Authors: Li Junjie , Zhang Peng , Qu Liying , Sun Ting , Duan Yunyun , Wu Minghao , Weng Jinyuan , Li Zhaohui , Gong Xiaodong , Liu Xing , Wang Yongzhi , Jia Wenqing , Su Xiaorui , Yue Qiang , Li Jianrui , Zhang Zhiqiang , Barkhof Frederik , Huang Raymond Y. , Chang Ken , Sair Haris , Ye Chuyang , Zhang Liwei , Zhuo Zhizheng , Liu Yaou
Published: January 2023

Background

Determination of H3 K27M mutation in diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is key for prognostic assessment and stratifying patient subgroups for clinical trials. MRI can noninvasively depict morphological and metabolic characteristics of H3 K27M mutant DMG.

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) approach to noninvasively predict H3 K27M mutation in DMG using T2‐weighted images.

Study Type

Retrospective and prospective.

Population

For diffuse midline brain gliomas, 341 patients from Center‐1 (27 ± 19 years, 184 males), 42 patients from Center‐2 (33 ± 19 years, 27 males) and 35 patients (37 ± 18 years, 24 males). For diffuse spinal cord gliomas, 133 patients from Center‐1 (30 ± 15 years, 80 males).

Field Strength/Sequence

5T and 3T, T2‐weighted turbo spin echo imaging.

Assessment

Conventional radiological features were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists. H3 K27M status was determined by histopathological examination. The Dice coefficient was used to evaluate segmentation performance. Classification performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve.

Statistical Tests

Pearson's Chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, two‐sample Student's t‐test and Mann–Whitney U test. A two‐sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In the testing cohort, Dice coefficients of tumor segmentation using DL were 0.87 for diffuse midline brain and 0.81 for spinal cord gliomas. In the internal prospective testing dataset, the predictive accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities of H3 K27M mutation status were 92.1%, 98.2%, 82.9% in diffuse midline brain gliomas and 85.4%, 88.9%, 82.6% in spinal cord gliomas. Furthermore, this study showed that the performance generalizes to external institutions, with predictive accuracies of 85.7%–90.5%, sensitivities of 90.9%–96.0%, and specificities of 82.4%–83.3%.

Data Conclusion

In this study, an automatic DL framework was developed and validated for accurately predicting H3 K27M mutation using T2‐weighted images, which could contribute to the noninvasive determination of H3 K27M status for clinical decision‐making.

Evidence Level: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Enhanced recombination among Omicron subvariants of SARS‐CoV‐2 contributes to viral immune escape
Authors: Shiraz Rishad , Tripathi Shashank
Published: January 2023

Genetic recombination is an important driver of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) evolution, which requires the coinfection of a single host cell with different SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. To understand the emergence and prevalence of recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages through time and space, we analyzed SARS‐CoV‐2 genome sequences collected from November 2019 to July 2022. We observed an extraordinary increase in the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 recombinant lineages during the Omicron wave, particularly in Northern America and Europe. This phenomenon was independent of the sequencing frequency or genetic diversity of circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. The recombination breakpoints were more prevalent in the 3′‐untranslated region of the viral genome. Importantly, we noted the enrichment of certain amino acids in the Spike protein of recombinant lineages, which have been reported to confer immune escape from neutralizing antibodies and increase angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor binding in some cases. We also observed I42V amino acid change genetically fixated in the NSP14 of the Omicron lineage, which needs further characterization for its potential role in enhanced recombination. Overall, we report the important and timely observation of accelerated recombination in the currently circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants and explore their potential contribution to viral fitness, particularly immune escape.
Evolution and emergence of primate‐specific interferon regulatory factor 9
Authors: Drury Sam , Claussen Grace , Zetterman Allison , Moriyama Hideaki , Moriyama Etsuko N. , Zhang Luwen
Published: January 2023

The binding of interferon (IFN) to its receptors leads to formation of IFN‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex that activates the transcription of cellular IFN‐regulated genes. IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9, also called ISGF3γ or p48) is a key component of ISGF3. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the molecular evolution of IRF9 among vertebrates. In this study, we have identified the existence of the IRF9 gene in cartilaginous fish (sharks). Among primates, several isoforms unique to old world moneys and great apes are identified. These IRF9 isoforms are named as primate‐specific IRF9 (PS‐IRF9) to distinguish from canonical IRF9. PS‐IRF9 originates from a unique exon usage and differential splicing in the IRF9 gene. Although the N‐terminus are identical for all IRF9s, the C‐terminal regions of the PS‐IRF9 are completely different from canonical IRF9. In humans, two PS‐IRF9s are identified and their RNA transcripts were detected in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, human PS‐IRF9 proteins were detected in human cell lines. Sharing the N‐terminal exons with the canonical IRF9 proteins, PS‐IRF9 is predicted to bind to the same DNA sequences as the canonical IRF9 proteins. As the C‐terminal regions of IRFs are the determinants of IRF functions, PS‐IRF9 may offer unique biological functions and represent a novel signaling molecule involved in the regulation of the IFN pathway in a primate‐specific manner.
Measurement of pelvic tilt and rotation on AP radiographs using HipRecon: Validation and comparison to other parameters
Authors: Heimann Alexander F. , Schwab Joseph M. , Popa Vlad , Zheng Guoyan , Tannast Moritz
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present and evaluate HipRecon, a noncommercial software package that simultaneously calculates pelvic tilt and rotation from an anteroposterior pelvis radiograph. We asked: What is the (1) accuracy and precision, (2) robustness, and (3) intra‐/interobserver reliability/reproducibility of HipRecon to analyze both pelvic tilt and rotation on conventional AP pelvis radiographs? (4) How does the prediction of pelvic tilt on AP pelvis radiographs using HipRecon compare to established measurement methods? We compared the actual pelvic tilt of 20 adult human cadaveric pelvises with the calculated pelvic orientation based on an AP pelvis radiograph using HipRecon software. The pelvises were mounted on a radiolucent fixture and a total of 380 AP pelvis radiographs with different configurations were acquired. In addition, we investigated the correlation between actual tilt and the tilt calculated using HipRecon and seven other established measurement methods. The calculated software accuracy was 0.2 ± 2.0° (−3.6–4.1) for pelvic tilt and 0.0 ± 1.2° (−2.2–2.3, p = 0.39) for pelvic rotation. The Bland–Altman analysis showed values that were evenly and randomly spread in both directions. HipRecon showed excellent consistency for the measurement of pelvic tilt and rotation (intraobserver intraclass‐correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.99 [95% CI: 0.99–0.99] and interobserver ICC 0.99 [95% CI: 0.99–0.99]). Of all eight analyzed methods, the highest correlation coefficient was found for HipRecon (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). In the future, HipRecon could be used to detect changes in patient‐specific pelvic orientation, helping to improve clinical understanding and decision‐making in pathologies of the hip.
Predominant expression of interleukin (IL)‐17 in chronic alopecia areata compared to IFN‐γ in pathogenic Th17 cells, tissue‐resident memory T cells and natural killer cells
Authors: Kim Ho‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Cho Yu‐Ri , Kwon Hyeok‐Jin , Yoon Jung‐Ho , Kim Ki‐Ho
Published: January 2023

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ‐specific autoimmune disease resulting from the attack of hair follicle (HF) autoantigens through a T‐cell‐mediated mechanism. If there is a depletion of mTregs in HFs, especially around both hair bulge and hair bulb, it could be related to patchy hair loss in the scalp and may affect AA pathogenesis.

Objectives

we investigated the possible contributory role of tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRMs) and memory regulatory T cells (mTregs), compared to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Th17 lymphocytes, in the immunopathogenesis of chronic AA.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty‐seven patients with AA who had biopsies performed in Dong‐A University Hospital between January 1994 and April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. To investigate the expression of immunoregulatory molecules, we underwent double direct immunofluorescence with paraffin sections from nine AA patients under classified according to the histopathological grading of Uno and Orecchia's classification.

Results

The number of lesional Foxp3+ Tregs was significantly decreased with an increase in the severity of histopathological gradings at both the hair bulge and hair bulb, in the following order: Type 1 > type 2 > type 3 AA lesions. The number of CD8+ CD69+ TRM cells at both the HF bulge and bulb was increased with the severity of histopathological grades. CD49a was not expressed in the hair bulge and bulb in any type of AA. As for the expression profile of effector T cells, interleukin (IL)‐17 was expressed in a denser pattern around the hair bulge with more severe histopathological grading, but IFN‐γ was expressed only at the hair bulge of type 1 AA. Lesional IL‐17 around the hair bulb also increased with the severity of histopathological grade. In contrast, IFN‐γ was expressed in the hair bulb only in type 1 AA.

Conclusions

The insidious destruction of hair bulge stem cells and hair bulb matrix stem cells, which is mediated by Th17 lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration, results in more severe hair loss in patients with chronic AA. IL‐17 may play a more important role in the pathogenesis of chronic AA than IFN‐γ.
Interactions of bioactive trace metals in shipboard Southern Ocean incubation experiments
Authors: Burns Shannon M. , Bundy Randelle M. , Abbott William , Abdala Zuzanna , Sterling Alexa R. , Chappell P. Dreux , Jenkins Bethany D. , Buck Kristen N.
Published: January 2023

In the Southern Ocean, it is well‐known that iron (Fe) limits phytoplankton growth. Yet, other trace metals can also affect phytoplankton physiology. This study investigated feedbacks between phytoplankton growth and dissolved Fe, manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in Southern Ocean shipboard incubations. Three experiments were conducted in September–October 2016 near the West Antarctic Peninsula: Incubations 1 and 3 offshore in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and Incubation 2 inshore in Bransfield Strait. Additions of Fe and/or vitamin B12 to inshore and offshore waters were employed and allowed assessment of metal (M) uptake relative to soluble reactive phosphorus (P) across a wide range of initial conditions. Offshore, treatments of >1 nmol L−1 added Fe were Fe‐replete, whereas inshore waters were already Fe‐replete. Results suggest Mn was a secondary limiting nutrient inshore and offshore. No Fe‐vitamin B12 colimitation was observed. Overall, M:P uptake in the incubations was closely related to initial dissolved M:P for Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cd, and for Cu inshore. Final concentrations of Fe and Zn were similar across light treatments of the experiments despite very different phytoplankton responses, and we observed evidence for Co/Cd/Zn substitution and for recycling of biogenic metals as inventories plateaued. In dark bottles, the absence of Mn oxidation may have allowed more efficient recycling of Fe and other trace metals. Our results provide insight into factors governing trace metal uptake, with implications for phytoplankton community composition locally and preformed micronutrient bioavailability in Southern Ocean water masses.
Over half a century record of limnology data from Lake Powell, desert southwest United States: From reservoir filling to present day (1964–2021)
Authors: Deemer Bridget R. , Andrews Caitlin M. , Strock Kristin E. , Voichick Nicholas , Hensleigh James , Beaver John R. , Radtke Robert
Published: January 2023

Lake Powell is a large water storage reservoir in the arid southwestern United States. Here, we present a 58‐yr limnology dataset that captures water quality parameters from reservoir filling to present day (temperature, salinity, major ions, total suspended solids), as well as a 38‐yr record of Secchi depth, and a ~ 30‐yr record of nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton assemblages. The dataset includes 5208 unique site visits spanning 258 unique sites of which 9 have been consistently visited. It also spans the establishment of an invasive bivalve (Dreissena bugensis, i.e. Quagga mussel) which was first detected in 2012. Given the general lack of long‐term data from lakes or reservoirs in arid regions, this dataset represents a unique contribution to regional, continental, and global‐scale limnology studies. As the hot drought in the desert southwest continues, we expect this dataset will inform water management decision‐making for this largest reservoir in the Upper Colorado River Basin.
Structural design optimization and lipolytic effect prediction of vacuum suction cryolipolysis applicator: Simulation study
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Dang Hangyu , Guo Ning , Cui Mengdong , Xu Yi
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Cryolipolysis is a popular noninvasive lipolytic method that uses low temperature to induce apoptosis or necrosis of adipocytes to reduce local fat in the human body. Vacuum suction applicator is a commonly used cryolipolysis equipment, which suction human skin and fat into a chamber for cooling. The structure of vacuum suction applicator is usually irregular, its cooling characteristic is also complex, and unreasonable suction structure will cause human discomfort. Biological experiments and clinical studies are often used to study the structural design of applicators, whereas these methods are impossible to obtain the three‐dimensional cooling characteristic of applicator comprehensively and require a lot of costs. This study aims to optimize the structure of applicator for lowering discomfort, evaluate the cooling characteristic and lipolytic effect of applicators, which could provide guidance for clinical application of applicators and reduce costs.

Materials and Methods

Cryolipolysis applicators models with four vacuum suction angles were established, and COMSOL was used to compare the cooling performance parameters, cooling kinetics, and lipolytic effects of the applicators. Specific evaluation indicators also include: cooling capacity analysis, temperature field analysis, lipolytic percentage, lipolytic volume, lipolytic weight, lipolytic thickness, lipolytic waistline, and lipolysis temperature threshold analysis.

Results

The applicator with a small suction angle has a greater cooling capacity to cool deeper level of fat. When the cooling temperature is −10°C, the temperature of skin layer is about −10°C at 60 minutes, the temperature of fat layer is −7.36 to 3.01°C at 10 mm, −3.67 to 5.91°C at 20 mm and 2.01−10.81°C at 30 mm. The percentage of lipolytic declined with the increase of suction angle, the final lipolytic percentage (35.81%) of the 90° applicator is the highest, the percentage (28.72%) of 150° applicator (28.72%) is the lowest. The lipolytic volume, weight, and average thickness of applicator constantly increased with the increase of the suction angle, the final lipolytic volume range of the four suction angle applicators is 171.88−310.18 cm3, the lipolytic weight range is 160.11−288.93 g, and the lipolytic average thickness range is 1.21−1.36 cm. Lower lipolysis temperature threshold will reduce the lipolysis effect, but it may also lead to another lipolysis mechanism‐cell necrosis.

Conclusion

Different suction angles significantly affect the cooling characteristics and lipolytic effects of cryolipolysis applicator. A reasonable suction angle is one of the critical factors to improve the efficiency and comfort of cryolipolysis.
Customer engagement in idea contests: Emotional and behavioral consequences of idea rejection
Authors: Schaarschmidt Mario , Dose David B.
Published: January 2023

Idea contests are well‐accepted and cost‐efficient approaches to tap the creativity of customers. At the same time, idea contests enable customer engagement, defined as voluntary resource provision beyond financial patronage. However, although much research has been devoted to the factors that motivate consumers to participate in such contests, research that investigates how idea rejection as a stressor affects future engagement behavior is comparatively rare. This research draws on cognitive dissonance literature combined with stress appraisal theory to explain rejection‐induced emotional and behavioral consequences. Study 1 assesses the different effects of company appreciation of customer engagement (i.e., idea acceptance vs. rejection) in an experimental setting and tests emotional reactions to rejection as a stressor, as well as the moderating effects of firm acknowledgment. Study 2, which was organized as a randomized field experiment, is devoted to assessing differences in firm acknowledgment versus individualized firm feedback in a real‐world setting. Taken together, the studies show that the way rejection is communicated is important. The findings have important theoretical and managerial implications for service management and for stimulating customer engagement through idea contest initiatives.
Psychology of space tourism marketing, technology, and sustainable development: From a literature review to an integrative framework
Authors: Mehran Javaneh , Olya Hossein , Han Heesup
Published: January 2023

Space tourism, a niche segment of the aviation industry, has radically altered the private sector. A noticeable trend in this market has been the development of commercial space with numerous start‐ups and ventures underway. Adopting a concept‐driven approach, we conduct a hybrid review to sketch the emerging market areas in space tourism and provided insights into tourists' behavioral responses. Our results are supplemented by an analysis of public viewpoints on space‐faring to gauge their alignment with academic views on space tourism. We also develop an integrative framework to elucidate how personality interacts with scenario to influence the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of space tourists and their responses toward space tourism. We recognize critical gaps in previous literature and propose the following recommendations to guide future research: 1) Conceptualization of travel services and tourism typology in the new space market; 2) theoretical contribution on pragmatic and semantic levels; 3) need for empirical and multi‐disciplinary studies; 4) investigating the role of ethical issues on bilateral arguments toward commercialized space tourism; 5) integrating stakeholders' perspectives to maximize the socioeconomic impacts of space tourism and environmental sustainability; 6) media platforms and application of new technologies; and 7) role of scientific journals in knowledge enhancement.
Effects of process parameters on fatigue behavior and surface integrity of tool steel produced by electrical discharge turning
Authors: Çakıroğlu R. , Günay M.
Published: January 2023

Electrical discharge machining is used in the production of countless parts with complex geometries and micro dimensions, from many elements of industrial molds to parts of motors and pumps. Also, most of these parts are cylindrical and it is always more meaningful to study their rotational fatigue behavior to predict their response during their operation. This study concentrated on the impacts of machining parameters on the surface quality and fatigue behavior of tool steel shaped by electrical discharge turning. The results based on Taguchi methodology have shown that discharge current affects Ra and Rz more, and pulse duration more affects the mean spacing of profile irregularities, Sm. As a result of the heat affected depth in the machined region, which changes in proportional with the processing parameters, the microhardness decreased from the sample surface to the core. The maximum hardness was measured at current of 12 A, pulse duration of 3 μs and pulse interval of 7 μs. According to the fatigue tests, it was found that the fatigue life decreased with the increase in Rz and Sm values. Moreover, high microhardness and thick recast layer reduced the fatigue strength of the samples with relatively smooth surface topography.
Performance evaluation of different carbide inserts in turning of newly developed Al‐12Si‐0.1Sr alloy
Authors: Bayraktar Ş. , Hekimoğlu A. P.
Published: January 2023

An Al‐12Si‐0.1Sr alloy ingot was manufactured using a permanent mold casting technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy were researched. Effects of different cutting conditions (cutting speed‐V: 200 m/min, 300 m/min, and 400 m/min and feed rate‐f: 0.05 mm/rev, 0.1 mm/rev, and 0.15 mm/rev) on the cutting force (F) and surface roughness (Ra) during machining using uncoated and physical vapor deposition‐ titanium aluminum nitride coated carbide inserts were also revealed. Microstructure of the alloys consists of α phase, intermetallic δ and Al4Sr phases, thin spherical eutectic, and irregular coarse‐shaped primary silicon particles. Cutting force and surface roughness decreased with the increased cutting speed during turning with uncoated, and titanium aluminum nitride coated inserts while they increased feed rate. A built‐up edge and built‐up layer were formed in both cutting inserts. The built‐up edge and built‐up layer decreased with increasing cutting speed and increased feed rate. The cutting force, surface roughness, built‐up edge, and built‐up layer were lower in uncoated inserts compared to the titanium aluminum nitride coated inserts.
Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Liu Kua , He Qinyu , Gu Xiaosong , Jiang Chunping , Wu Junhua
Published: January 2023

Hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver of malignancy, and in recent years, it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Hypoxia occurs in the majority of solid tumors due to a poor vascular oxygen supply that is not sufficient to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can reduce the effectiveness of other tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the critical role of hypoxia in tumor development, including tumor metabolism, tumor immunity, and tumor angiogenesis. The treatment methods for hypoxic TME are summarized, including hypoxia‐targeted therapy and improving oxygenation by alleviating tumor hypoxia itself. Hyperoxia therapy can be used to improve tissue oxygen partial pressure and relieve tumor hypoxia. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia and their impact on current cancer therapies and discuss the prospects of hyperoxia therapy in cancer treatment.
Spatial modeling of crime dynamics: Patch and reaction–diffusion compartmental systems
Authors: Calatayud Julia , Jornet Marc , Mateu Jorge
Published: January 2023

We study the dynamics of abstract models for crime evolution. The population is divided into three compartments, taking into account the participation in crime and incarceration. Individuals transit between the three segments, assuming that having more contact with criminally active people increases one's risk of learning and acquiring the same traits; essentially, crime is regarded as a social epidemic. In the literature, there are several models of this type, based on spatial homogeneity and ordinary differential equations. However, these ideas have not been extended to account for spatial variability. Here, we achieve this target with discrete and continuous forms of space: patch and reaction–diffusion compartmental systems, respectively. We build the models and focus on the effect of the basic reproduction number on the long‐term dynamics of crime (persistence or disappearance). Several theoretical results are presented, which are supported by numerical simulations.
Low Mach number limit of nonisentropic inviscid Hookean elastodynamics
Authors: Ju Qiangchang , Wang Jiawei
Published: January 2023

The low Mach number limit of the nonisentropic compressible Hookean elastodynamic equations is rigorously proved with respect to well‐prepared initial data. We introduce certain suitable seminorms to obtain the uniform estimate of solutions, for which the critical point is to cancel the higher order derivate terms caused by the coupling of velocity and deformation gradient.
Exploring personalised care planning approaches for adults with long‐term conditions to inform future musculoskeletal care planning: A mixed‐methods systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Walsh Jacinta , Hill Jonathan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

This systematic scoping review protocol outlines current research into care planning processes and highlights the need to synthesise the knowledge base available since the latest Cochrane review. Review results will underpin the formation of a future intervention designed to successfully optimise care planning consultations for musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists, supporting shared decision‐making processes and consequently influencing health care practices for the betterment of patient care.

Aim

To systematically gather and synthesise the existing knowledge base surrounding personalised care planning approaches for long term conditions which may be informative for MSK care planning in the future.

Objectives

1. Following the Cochrane review in 2015, to synthesise new evidence available to inform personalised care planning interventions for patients with long‐term conditions. 2. Of the identified studies providing strong evidence, to determine what high‐quality training resources are available to support clinicians in delivering personalised care planning interventions.

PIO Framework

Population– Adults with long‐term health conditions. Intervention – Personalised care planning.Outcome– Any subjective or objective heath improvement.

Databases

1. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). 2. MEDLINE & MEDLINE In‐process (Ovid). 3. EMBASE (Ovid). 4. PsycINFO (Ovid). 5. Trial registers (clinicaltrials.gov). 6. WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Dissemination

Social media platforms including Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and Facebook will be used to maximise the viewership of the protocol. An abstract of the review will be submitted to present at relevant conferences. The review findings will also be presented to MSK stakeholders interested in MSK care planning approaches.
Evaluating an intervention of telehealth education and simulation for advanced practice registered nurse students: A single group comparison study
Authors: Jones Heather M. , Ammerman Beth A. , Joiner Kevin L. , Lee Deborah R. , Bigelow April , Kuzma Elizabeth K.
Published: January 2023

As healthcare delivery continues to evolve and expand, nurse educators must prepare advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) students to use telehealth technology safely, effectively, and confidently. The aims of this study were to describe APRN students' beliefs and confidence regarding the delivery of care via telehealth in their future practice. To evaluate these aims, a single group comparison study was conducted. APRN students received an intervention comprised of multimodal telehealth instruction, which involved the simulated application of telehealth with standardized patients. Students' beliefs regarding telehealth did not significantly change between the pre‐ and post‐intervention, in which all areas were rated high pre‐intervention. Students reported an increase in their perception and confidence post‐intervention. Integration of telehealth into the APRN curriculum is essential to instil knowledge and confidence as healthcare technology advances.
Predictor role of marital conflict on maternal competency with mediating role of perceived stress and concerns during pregnancy: A structural equation model
Authors: Alipour Sepideh Mohammad , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Tourzani Zahra Mehdizadeh , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Esmaelzadeh Saeieh Sara
Published: January 2023

Aim

Pregnancy prepares the mother for the transition to motherhood. Maternal concerns during pregnancy cause reduced time spent with the spouse and lack of social support; additional stresses such as marital conflicts could impact maternal competency. This study aimed to assess the predictive effect of marital conflicts with the mediating role of perceived stress and pregnancy concern on maternal competency.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study. It was done on 250 mothers referred to selected health centers in Alborz province. The sampling method was convenient. Marital conflicts, perceived stress, and pregnancy concerns questionnaires were completed in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the maternal competency questionnaire was completed 6 weeks after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and smart partial least squares.

Results

The results of structural equations showed that marital conflicts have a negative and significant effect on maternal competency (β = −0.14), marital conflicts have a positive and significant effect on perceived stress (β = 0.42), and marital conflicts have a positive and significant effect on pregnancy concern (β = 0.31). Also, perceived stress negatively and significantly affected maternal competency (β = −0.36).

Discussion

Results of the study showed the necessities for screening and identifying mothers with conflicts and assessing the perceived stress of mothers will improve the mental health of pregnant mothers and consequently increase maternal competency.
Current Management of Subcondylar Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shikara Meryam , Bridgham Kelly , Ludeman Emilie , Vakharia Kalpesh , Justicz Natalie
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to review the current literature on treatment of subcondylar fractures using traditional open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), and endoscopic open approaches.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL,Clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP.

Review Methods

A comprehensive database search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. All English‐only texts published in the last 20 years with ≥10 patients were included. Studies that included patients <16 years old were excluded.

Results

Thirty‐two studies met the final inclusion criteria. Nine studies compared ORIF with closed reduction using MMF, 12 studies evaluated ORIF via different approaches, and 10 studies evaluated outcomes after endoscopic approaches. Five studies reported significant improvement in mouth opening with ORIF compared to closed reduction. In 1 study that recorded patient‐reported outcomes measure (FACE‐Q scale), quality of life scores and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the ORIF group. Among the 10 studies that used the endoscopic approach, transient facial nerve injury ranged from 0% to 10%.

Conclusion

Several studies report better mouth opening, dental occlusion, and functional outcomes after ORIF compared to closed reduction, while some found no significant difference. Endoscopic approaches provide ease of access to the condyle with a low incidence of facial nerve injury. However, limitations include special equipment, longer operative times, and a steep learning curve using an endoscope. This review provides surgeons with an overview of the current literature on subcondylar fractures to allow for an individualized management approach for each patient.
Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Loss to Follow‐Up After Newborn Hearing Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Atherton Kelly M. , Poupore Nicolas S. , Clemmens Clarice S. , Nietert Paul J. , Pecha Phayvanh P.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Universal newborn hearing screening (NBHS) has been widely implemented as a part of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs worldwide. Even with excellent provider knowledge and screening rates, many infants do not receive definitive hearing testing or intervention after initial screening. The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic factors contributing to loss of follow‐up.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.

Review Methods

Per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, the databases were searched from the date of inception through December 28, 2021. Studies containing sociodemographic information on patients who were referred to NBHS were included. Meta‐analysis of odds ratios (ORs) was performed comparing rates of sociodemographic variables between patients adherent and nonadherent to follow‐up.

Results

A total of 169,238 infants from 19 studies were included. Low birth weight (OR 1.6 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.2‐2.2, p < .001), racial minority (OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.2‐1.6], p < .001), rural residence (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1‐1.9], p = .005), lack of insurance (OR 1 [95% CI 1.4‐2.5], p < .001), and public or state insurance (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.2‐4.2], p = .008) were associated with missed follow‐up after referred NBHS. Associated maternal factors included low maternal education (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.6‐2.0], p < .001), young maternal age (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.5‐1.6], p < .001), unmarried maternal status (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1‐1.9], p = .003), and current or former maternal smoking status (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.4‐2.2], p < .001).

Conclusion

Both infant and maternal sociodemographic factors influence follow‐up compliance after referred NBHS. Focused efforts should be made by medical providers and policymakers to address these factors to ensure appropriate newborn hearing care and interventions are achieved.