bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Gastroschisis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rashid MA , Hoque MM , Mamun AA , Kabir A , Ibrahim M , Khan AR
Published: May 2013

Background : Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect with high mortality in developing countries. In developed countries their survival rate is more than ninety percent. This is due to appropriate information about the disease and adequate management plan. We have a good number of patients, but majority of us are lacking appropriate information about this disease. Objectives: This study was done to give some information to our medical personals about this disease and to evaluate the out come of gastroschisis in relation to birth weight, age of neonate and procedure of closure of the defect. Methodology: This prospective observatinal study was done in the surgery department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH) in a period of two years. All gastroschisis patients admitted during this period were enrolled and their mortality were analyzed in relation to weight, age and operative procedure. Minimal intervention management of gastroschisis (MIMG) were performed in suitable cases. Results: A total of 32 patients were admitted. Mortality were significantly high among the VLBW babies than babies whose birth weight > 1500 gm (88.9% vs17.4%) and those who were admitted after 24 hours of age than who admitted before 24 hours of age (66.7% vs26.1%). Overall survival rate was 62.5% and after surgery 71.5%. Conclusion: Gastroschisis is not rare in our population. Birth weight, early hospitalization with primary closure as early as possible, proper selection of patient for MIMG effect outcome. Adequate supportive measures like TPN, neonatal ICU and information about the disease will further increase the survival rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14276 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 133-138
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders  An Update
Authors: Islam Mahammad Imnul , Talukder Manik Kumar , Rahman Shahana
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14277 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 139-145
Elephantiasis Neurofibromatosa of the Lower Limb in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type-1: A Case Report
Authors: Saha Dipanwita , Chakma Tandra , Al Mamun Hafiz , Begum Suraiya , Islam Md Imnul , Rahman Shahana A
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14291 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 159-161
Abstracts from Current Literature Vol.36(3)
Authors: Editor The
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14292 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 162-163
Fibrous Dysplasia of Maxillary Bone
Authors: Khan Md Manzur Ul Karim , Ansari Nazma Parvin , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Biswas Binoy Krishna , Islam Md Amirul
Published: May 2013

Fibrous dysplasia is an idiopathic developmental bone disease of benign origin that has been linked to a localized developmental arrest; all of the components of normal bone are present but they do not differentiate into their mature structures. It causes skeletal deformity & pathological fracture of bone. The lesion appear in three distinctive but sometimes overlapping clinical pattern 1.single bone involvement(monostotic);2.multiple bone involvement (polyostotic);and 3. polystotyic disease, associated with cafe-au-lait skin pigmentation and endocrine abnormalities, especially precocious puberty. The study was done in CBMCB hospital. The patient came to us with a swelling in the left side of check and a mass in left nasal cavity. Biopsy was taken from nasal mass which revealed fibrous dysplasia. Later on, surgical intervention was done by lateral rhinotomy approach. Post operative period was uneven full and patient was discharged on 7th POD. After four weeks interval, follow up revealed no deformity in check .No nasal obstruction was found and scar mark was also reasonable.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i1.13843 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 27-29
Comparison of Corneal Flap Morphology Using AS-OCT in LASIK With the WaveLight FS200 Femtosecond Laser Versus a Mechanical Microkeratome
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Yue-guo , Xia Ying-jie
Published: May 2013

PURPOSE:

To evaluate and compare the thickness and the morphology of femtosecond and mechanical microkeratome LASIK flaps using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

METHODS:

Bilateral LASIK was performed in 132 eyes from 61 myopic patients. Flaps were created in 72 eyes using the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser (Wave-Light GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) and in 50 eyes using the Moria microkeratome (Moria SA, Antony, France). AS-OCT was used 1 week postoperatively to evaluate the thickness of 17 points across each flap, which were 0, 2, and 3.5 mm to the corneal vertex on the horizontal, vertical, 45°, and 135° meridians.

RESULTS:

The mean central flap thickness was 105.53 ± 5.86
μ
m in the WaveLight group and 132.96 ± 13.91
μ
m in the Moria group (
P
< .001). The difference between the achieved and the intended flap thickness (accuracy) was 6.17 ± 3.98 and 23.60 ± 12.64 μm, respectively (
P
< .001). The standard deviation within individual flap (uniformity) was smaller in the WaveLight group. The symmetry and regularity were also better in the WaveLight group. Flap morphology showed a more regular planar shape in the WaveLight group and a meniscus shape in the Moria group.

CONCLUSIONS:

AS-OCT showed that the flaps created by the WaveLight femtosecond laser were more accurate, reproducible, and uniform than those created by the Moria microkeratome.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(5):320–324.]
Biological and Biomechanical Responses to Traditional Epithelium-Off and Transepithelial Riboflavin-UVA CXL Techniques in Rabbits
Authors: Armstrong Brian K. , Lin Michelle P. , Ford Matthew R. , Santhiago Marcony R. , Singh Vivek , Grossman Gregory H. , Agrawal Vandana , Roy Abhijit Sinha , Butler Robert S. , Dupps William J. , Wilson Steven E.
Published: May 2013

PURPOSE:

To compare the biological effects of riboflavin-ultraviolet A (UVA) corneal cross-linking (CXL) performed with a traditional epithelium-off method to several transepithelial methods in a rabbit model. Preliminary experiments on biomechanical rigidity were also performed.

METHODS:

Four treatment groups were included: (1) standard epithelium-off, (2) tetracaine transepithelial, (3) benzal-konium chloride-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (BKC-EDTA) transepithelial, and (4) femtosecond laser-assisted transepithelial riboflavin-UVA CXL. Six eyes from each treatment group and the untreated control group were analyzed at 24 hours and 2 months after treatment in wound healing studies. The TUNEL assay was performed to detect the extent of stromal cell death. Optical density was measured with a Scheimpflug analyzer. The corneal stiffening effect was quantitated in three eyes from each group using optical coherence elastography performed 2 months after treatments.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four hours after CXL, stromal cell death extended full corneal thickness with both standard epithelium-off CXL and femtosecond laser-assisted CXL, but only approximately one-third stromal depth after BKC-EDTA transepithelial CXL. Negligible stromal cell death was detected with tetracaine transepithelial CXL. Cell death results were statistically different between the BKC-EDTA transepithelial CXL and standard epithelium-off CXL groups (
P
< .0001). Significant corneal opacity differences were noted. Standard epithelium-off CXL had the greatest density and tetracaine transepithelial CXL had the least density compared to the control group after treatment. As measured with optical coherence elastography, a trend toward greater mean stiffening was observed with BKC-EDTA transepithelial CXL than with epithelium-off CXL, femtosecond laser-assisted CXL, or tetracaine transepithelial CXL, but the result did not reach statistical significance. All of the CXL treatment groups exhibited significantly smaller variance of stiffness compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:

In the rabbit model, BKC-EDTA transepithelial CXL produced less stromal cell death and less risk of endothelial cell damage than standard epithelium-off CXL or femtosecond laser-assisted CXL. Additional study is needed to determine whether biomechanical stiffness is significantly different between the epithelium-off CXL and transepithelial CXL groups.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(5):332–341.]
Combined Surgical Management of Capsular and Iris Deficiency With Glued Intraocular Lens Technique
Authors: Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Agarwal Amar , Jacob Soosan , Lamba Mandeep , Packialakshmi Sathiya , Meduri Alessandro
Published: May 2013

PURPOSE:

To determine the outcome after glued aniridia intraocular lens (IOL) and glued IOL with iridoplasty in eyes with combined lens capsular and iris deficiency.

METHODS:

Twenty-seven eyes of 25 patients (6 had congenital aniridia with subluxated cataract and 19 had acquired lens/iris defects) were included. Glued IOL with aniridia IOL (Intra Ocular Care, Gujarat, India) was performed in eyes with total aniridia and iridoplasty with glued IOL with a three-piece foldable IOL (Sofport; Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) was performed in eyes with partial aniridia. The postoperative outcomes were analyzed at follow-up examination (range: 6 to 48 months).

RESULTS:

Eleven eyes underwent glued aniridia IOL and 16 eyes underwent glued IOL with iridoplasty. There was significant improvement in (spectacle) corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (
P
= .002). Postoperatively, pigment dispersion on the IOL (n = 1) and raised intraocular pressure was seen in the glued aniridia IOL group and chronic uveitis (n = 1), cystoid macular edema (n = 1), and hyphema (n = 1) in the glued IOL with iridoplasty group. The CDVA remained unchanged in 14 eyes (51.8%) and improved in 13 eyes (48.1%). There was a difference in postoperative CDVA (
P
= .001) between eyes with glued aniridia IOL and glued IOL with iridoplasty. There was no IOL decentration, retinal detachment, corneal decompensation, or endophthalmitis. There was reduction in glare and photophobia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both glued aniridia IOL and glued IOL/iridoplasty showed good functional and anatomical results with fewer complications in eyes with lens capsule and iris deficiency. However, long-term follow-up is required.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2013;29(5):342–347.]
Nuevos datos sobre los Cholevidae (Coleoptera) de Portugal
Authors: Faria e Silva I. de , Salgado Costas J. M. , Serrano A. R. M.
Published: May 2013

Se aportan nuevos datos de distribución y se analizan algunos aspectos de la biología de 15 especies de la familia Cholevidae, cuyos ejemplares fueron capturados mediante trampas de caída en cuatro áreas protegidas del norte, centro y sur de Portugal. Este estudio ha permitido mencionar por vez primera seis especies y confirmar la presencia de otras tres. Además, se discute el estado actual de conocimiento de esta familia en Portugal.
PD-L1/B7-H1 Regulates the Survival but Not the Function of CD8+ T Cells in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglia
Authors: Jeon Sohyun , St. Leger Anthony J. , Cherpes Thomas L. , Sheridan Brian S. , Hendricks Robert L.
Published: May 2013

HSV type 1 (HSV-1)–specific CD8+ T cells provide immunosurveillance of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons that harbor latent HSV-1. In C57BL/6 mice, the TG-resident CD8+ T cells are HSV specific and maintain a 1:1 ratio of cells recognizing an immunodominant epitope on viral glycoprotein B (gB498–505-Tet+) and cells reactive to subdominant epitopes (gB-Tet−). The gB-Tet− CD8+ T cells maintain their frequency in TG by balancing a higher rate of proliferation with a correspondingly higher rate of apoptosis. The increased apoptosis is associated with higher expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on gB-Tet− CD8+ T cells and the interaction with PD-1 ligand (PD-L1/B7-H1). IFN-γ regulated expression of the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1/B7-H1) on neurons bearing higher copies of latent viral genome. In latently infected TG of B7-H1−/− mice, the number and frequency of PD-1+ gB-Tet− CD8+ T cells increases dramatically, but gB-Tet− CD8+ T cells remain largely nonfunctional and do not provide increased protection from HSV-1 reactivation in ex vivo cultures of latently infected TG. Unlike observations in some chronic infection models, B7-H1 blockade did not increase the function of exhausted gB-Tet− CD8 T cells in latently infected TG.
Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract application in the nursery on root growth of containerized white spruce seedlings
Authors: MacDonald Joanne E. , Hacking Jen , Weng Yuhui , Norrie Jeff
Published: May 2013

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2013. Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract application in the nursery on root growth of containerized white spruce seedlings. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 735–739. In this preliminary study, Picea glauca seedlings were root drenched with a commercial liquid extract of Ascophyllum nodosum in finisher fertilizer (8N–20P–30K) at the following rates: 1:500, 1:250, 1:125, and 1:75. Fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made four or eight times over a period of 17 or 43 days, respectively. Compared with control, all rates reduced total root system length in mid October by 44–54%. After freezer storage and then growing under favorable conditions in spring for 21 d, the 1:125 and 1:75 rates increased the number of white roots emerging from the intact peat plug by 42 and 63%, respectively.
Effect of agronomic inputs and crop rotation on biodiesel quality and fatty acid profiles of direct-seeded canola
Authors: Harker K. N. , O'Donovan J. T. , Blackshaw R. E. , Hall L. M. , Willenborg C. J. , Kutcher H. R. , Gan Y. , Lafond G. P. , May W. E. , Grant C. A. , Barthet V. , McDonald T. , Wispinski D. , Hartman M.
Published: May 2013

Harker, K. N., O'Donovan, J. T., Blackshaw, R. E., Hall, L. M., Willenborg, C. J., Kutcher, H. R., Gan, Y., Lafond, G. P., May, W. E., Grant, C. A., Barthet, V., McDonald, T., Wispinski, D. and Hartman, M. 2013. Effect of agronomic inputs and crop rotation on biodiesel quality and fatty acid profiles of direct-seeded canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 577–588. A field study was conducted at eight sites in western Canada to determine the influence of agronomic inputs on fatty acid profiles and biodiesel quality of canola. Protein and chlorophyll concentration and fatty acid profiles were determined from seed samples at all sites. Oil was extracted from canola seed samples from three sites, converted to biodiesel, and subjected to standard protocols. Protein concentration increased at higher than recommended rates of nitrogen (N) and the higher canola seeding rate (150 seeds m−2) reduced chlorophyll levels in canola oil. All biodiesel samples fell below new oxidation stability tolerance levels (minimum 8 h). However, given the routine addition of commercial antioxidant additives, all biodiesel samples from this study were suitable for blending in middle distillate fuels. Cloud point values were lowest at normal N (1×) rates. Normal N rates increased stearic acid content, whereas high N rates (1.5×) increased gadoleic acid content. Low seeding rates (75 seeds m−2) increased palmitic acid content. The combination of normal N (1×) with a high seed rate (150 seeds m−2) increased oleic acid content. Conversely, the combination of high N (1.5×) with a low seed rate (75 seeds m−2) increased linolenic acid content. Gadoleic acid content increased in the continuous canola rotation versus the canola–wheat–canola rotation; similar trends were observed with palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. Oleic acid tended to be higher in canola rotated with wheat. Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) was predicted based on saturated fatty acid content. Usually, a high seeding rate (150 seeds m−2) combined with a normal N rate (1×) led to the most favourable (lowest) CFPP values. Low CFPP values were also associated with canola rotated with wheat compared with continuous canola production. Seeding rate, N, and crop rotation influenced protein and chlorophyll concentration, fatty acid profiles, cloud point, and CFPP.
Stability of the Steiner symmetrization of convex sets
Authors: Barchiesi Marco , Cagnetti Filippo , Fusco Nicola
Published: May 2013

The isoperimetric inequality for Steiner symmetrization of any codimension is investigated and the equality cases are characterized. Moreover, a quantitative version of this inequality is proven for convex sets.
A faithful linear-categorical action of the mapping class group of a surface with boundary
Authors: Lipshitz Robert , Ozsváth Peter S. , Thurston Dylan P.
Published: May 2013

We show that the action of the mapping class group on bordered Floer homology in the second to extremal spin

^c

-structure is faithful. This paper is designed partly as an introduction to the subject, and much of it should be readable without a background in Floer homology.
Periodic integrals and tautological systems
Authors: Lian Bong H. , Song Ruifang , Yau Shing-Tung
Published: May 2013

We study period integrals of CY hypersurfaces in a partial flag variety. We construct a regular holonomic system of differential equations which govern the period integrals. By means of representation theory, a set of generators of the system can be described explicitly. The results are also generalized to CY complete intersections. The construction of these new systems of differential equations has lead us to the notion of a tautological system.
Controllability of a parabolic system with a diffuse interface
Authors: Le Rousseau Jérôme , Léautaud Matthieu , Robbiano Luc
Published: May 2013

We consider a linear parabolic transmission problem across an interface of codimension one in a bounded domain or on a Riemannian manifold, where the transmission conditions involve an additional parabolic operator on the interface. This system is an idealization of a three-layer model in which the central layer has a small thickness

\delta

. We prove a Carleman estimate in the neighborhood of the interface for an associated elliptic operator by means of partial estimates in several microlocal regions. In turn, from the Carleman estimate, we obtain a spectral inequality that yields the null-controllability of the parabolic system. These results are uniform with respect to the small parameter

\delta

.
Concise Review: Heart Regeneration and the Role of Cardiac Stem Cells
Authors: Koudstaal Stefan , Jansen of Lorkeers Sanne J. , Gaetani Roberto , Gho Johannes M.I.H. , van Slochteren Frebus J. , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Ellison Georgina M. , Chamuleau Steven A.J.
Published: May 2013

Acute myocardial infarction leads to irreversible loss of cardiac myocytes, thereby diminishing the pump function of the heart. As a result, the strenuous workload imposed on the remaining cardiac myocytes often gives rise to subsequent cell loss until the vicious circle ends in chronic heart failure (CHF). Thus, we are in need of a therapy that could ameliorate or even reverse the disease progression of CHF. Endogenous regeneration of the mammalian heart has been shown in the neonatal heart, and the discovery that it may still persist in adulthood sparked hope for novel cardioregenerative therapies. As the basis for cardiomyocyte renewal, multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) that reside in the heart have been shown to differentiate into cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells. These CSCs do have the potential to actively regenerate the heart but clearly fail to do so after abundant and segmental loss of cells, such as what occurs with myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is vital to continue research for the most optimal therapy based on the use or in situ stimulation of these CSCs. In this review, we discuss the current status of the cardioregenerative field. In particular, we summarize the current knowledge of CSCs as the regenerative substrate in the adult heart and their use in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured myocardium.
SFA vs. DEA for Measuring Healthcare Efficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Katharakis George , Katharaki Maria , Katostaras Theofanis
Published: May 2013

Frontier techniques have been used to measure healthcare provider efficiency in hundreds of published studies. Although these methods have the potential to be useful to decision makers, their utility is limited by both methodological questions concerning their application. The aim of this paper is to search articles applying combined data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) in order to facilitate a common understanding about the adequacy of these methods, defining any differences in healthcare efficiency estimation and the reasons that are behind this. A systematic review of 21 such studies published the last decade was conducted. Only studies written in English were considered. Results are summarized in a form of meta-analysis in order to synthesize results and draw out further implications. Overall, DEA and SFA were found to yield divergent efficiency estimates due to many factors such as statistical noise, how inputs and outputs were defined, as well as data availability. Researchers, besides the combination of models to measure efficiency, lately have introduced environmental variables in their analyses, aiming at better understanding the relationship of these factors to efficiency and thus achieving a better decision making process. In any case the analysis concludes that there is a need for careful attention by stakeholders since the nature of the data and its availability influence the measurement of efficiency and thus it is necessary to model the behavior which generates the data by choosing the appropriate mathematical form
Isolation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Aldehyde Dehydrogenase–Expressing Progenitor Cells that Modulate Vascular Regenerative Functions In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Putman David M. , Hess David A.
Published: May 2013

This unit describes the isolation and application of human umbilical cord blood progenitor cells to modulate vascular regenerative functions using in vitro co‐culture systems and in vivo transplantation models. Using aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker of stem cell function, blood‐derived progenitors can be efficiently purified form human umbilical cord blood using flow cytometry. We describe in vitro approaches to measure cell‐mediated effects on the survival, proliferation, and tube‐forming function of endothelial cells using growth‐rate assays and Matrigel tube‐forming assays. Additionally, we provide a detailed protocol for inducing acute unilateral hindlimb ischemia in immune‐deficient mice to assess progenitor cell–modulated effects on vascular regeneration by tracking the recovery of blood flow using noninvasive laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Collectively, we present combined in vitro and in vivo transplantation strategies for the pre‐clinical assessment of human progenitor cell–based therapies to treat ischemic disease. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 25:2A.10.1‐2A.10.19. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
State estimation for short‐time switched linear systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Xiang Weiming , Xiao Jian , Iqbal Muhammad Naveed
Published: May 2013

In this note, the state estimation problem for a class of short‐time switched linear systems is investigated. By incorporating the concept of finite‐time stability, an observer is designed to ensure the error dynamics finite‐time stable in the short‐time switching interval under the general asynchronous switching whereas synchronous switching mode is its special case. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our study in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foaming in wet flue gas desulfurization plants: Laboratory‐scale investigation of long‐term performance of antifoaming agents
Authors: Qin Siqiang , Hansen Brian B. , Kiil Søren
Published: May 2013

Spontaneous foaming can cause a range of operational problems in industrial processes such as wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD). This work investigates the performance of selected antifoaming agents (Nalco FM‐37, Foamtrol 2290, and rapeseed oil) on foams generated by egg white albumin (protein), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and adipic acid at conditions of relevance for wet FGD plants. The addition of antifoaming agents breaks any existing foam and causes an induction period without foaming, after which the foam gradually will begin to reappear. Foaming by egg white albumin (2 g/L) at 0.014 m/s could be controlled by both commercial antifoaming agents (6.4 g/L), but not by rapeseed oil addition. Foaming by pure commercial antifoaming agents has also been demonstrated: up to 7 × 10−2 m foam was observed with 6.4 g/L Nalco FM‐37. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3741–3747, 2013
Aquagenic pruritus in polycythemia vera: Characteristics and influence on quality of life in 441 patients
Authors: Siegel Fabian P. , Tauscher Jan , Petrides Petro E.
Published: May 2013

Aquagenic pruritus (AP) is a symptom typical for polycythemia vera, but very little is known about its exact frequency, characteristics, influence on quality of life, and proper treatment. Therefore, we investigated these aspects in a large cohort of German patients with polycythemia vera using a patient directed questionnaire. Our analysis revealed that 301 of 441 analyzed patients suffered from AP. In 64.8%, AP occurred on average 2.9 years prior to diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Only in 15.4% did this lead to a hematological investigation. AP occurs primarily on the trunk and proximal parts of the extremities. Most patients complain about itching (71.8%), the remainder about tickling, stinging, or burning sensations. Forty‐four patients (14.6%) classified the pruritus as “unbearable.” Patients with AP reported reduced global health status and higher fatigue, pain, and dyspnea. Only 24% of patients received pruritus specific treatment for pruritus consisting mostly of histamine antagonists, which ameliorated symptoms in about half of the patients. In 5.6% of patients, polycythemia vera directed therapy (phlebotomy/cytoreduction) resolved the symptoms. In summary, AP is a serious symptom in patients with polycythemia vera, which until recently was difficult to treat. The advent of the novel JAK2 inhibitors, however, may open new ways for therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 88:665–669, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional status and its association with physical fitness, physical activity and parasitological indicators in youths from rural mozambique
Authors: Nhantumbo Leonardo , Ribeiro Maia José António , Dos Santos Fernanda Karina , Jani Ilesh V. , Gudo Eduardo Samo , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Prista António
Published: May 2013

Background

Little information exists about the relationship of nutritional status and motor performance conditional on asymptomatic parasitemia in rural African children.

Aims

The aims of this study were to (1) determine if malnourished youths from rural African areas have lower levels of physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) compared to normal weight youths, (2) verify the biological relevance of anthropometric criteria used to classify nutritional status in youth, and (3) determine the prevalence of parasitological indicators, and its association with nutritional status and PF.

Methods

The sample comprised 794 youths (6–17 years) from Calanga, a rural community in Mozambique. PF tests were selected from standardized test batteries, and PA was estimated by accelerometry. Nutritional status was defined according to WHO recommendations for stunting, wasting and normal weight. Parasitological indicators were determined based on stool specimens' analysis.

Results

In general terms the normal group out‐performed the other nutritional groups (stunted and wasted) for PF. However, no significant differences were found for PA among nutritional groups. There were also no significant differences in prevalence of intestinal parasites.

Conclusions

Nutritional status was not associated with PA levels or the prevalence of parasitological indicators in youth, but was related to physical performance. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:516–523, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells with ACM induction in microfibrous matrices in bioreactors
Authors: Liu Ning , Ouyang Anli , Li Yan , Yang Shang‐Tian
Published: May 2013

The clinical use of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)‐derived neural cells requires an efficient differentiation process for mass production in a bioreactor. Toward this goal, neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in three‐dimensional (3D) polyethylene terephthalate microfibrous matrices was investigated in this study. To streamline the process and provide a platform for process integration, the neural differentiation of ESCs was induced with astrocyte‐conditioned medium without the formation of embryoid bodies, starting from undifferentiated ESC aggregates expanded in a suspension bioreactor. The 3D neural differentiation was able to generate a complex neural network in the matrices. When compared to 2D differentiation, 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices resulted in a higher percentage of nestin‐positive cells (68% vs. 54%) and upregulated gene expressions of nestin, Nurr1, and tyrosine hydroxylase. High purity of neural differentiation in 3D microfibrous matrix was also demonstrated in a spinner bioreactor with 74% nestin + cells. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a scalable process based on 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices for the production of ESC‐derived neural cells. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1013–1022, 2013
Enhancing operational stability and exhibition of enzyme activity by removing water in the immobilized lipase‐catalyzed production of erythorbyl laurate
Authors: Lee Da Eun , Park Kyung Min , Choi Seung Jun , Shim Jae‐Hoon , Chang Pahn‐Shick
Published: May 2013

Erythorbyl laurate was continuously synthesized by esterification in a packed‐bed enzyme reactor with immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica. Response surface methodology based on a five‐level three‐factor central composite design was adopted to optimize conditions for the enzymatic esterification. The reaction variables, such as reaction temperature (10–70°C), substrate molar ratio ([lauric acid]/[erythorbic acid], 5–15), and residence time (8–40 min) were evaluated and their optimum conditions were found to be 56.2°C, 14.3, and 24.2 min, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the molar conversion yield was 83.4%, which was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the value predicted (84.4%). Especially, continuous water removal by adsorption on an ion‐exchange resin in a packed‐bed enzyme reactor improved operational stability, resulting in prolongation of half‐life (2.02 times longer compared to the control without water‐removal system). Furthermore, in the case of batch‐type reactor, it exhibited significant increase in initial velocity of molar conversion from 1.58% to 2.04%/min. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:882–889, 2013
Compression of 3D mesh sequences by temporal segmentation
Authors: Luo Guoliang , Cordier Frederic , Seo Hyewon
Published: May 2013

We describe a compression method for three‐dimensional animation sequences that has notable advantages over existing techniques. We first aggregate the frame data by similarity and reorganize them into clusters, which results in the sequence split into several motion fragments of varying lengths. To minimize the number of clusters and obtain optimal clustering, we perform frame alignment, which eliminates the “global” rigid transformation from each frame data and use only “pose” when evaluating the similarity between frames. We then apply principal component analysis for each cluster, from which we get coordinates of corresponding frames in a reduced dimension. Because similar frames are considered, the number of coefficients required for each frame becomes smaller; thus, we obtain better dimension reduction for a given reconstruction error. Further, we perform intracluster compression based on linear coding. Because every motion fragment presents similar frames, conventional linear predictive coding can be replaced by key frame‐based linear coding to achieve minimal reconstruction error. Results show that our method can obtain a high compression ratio, with a limited reconstruction error. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated apoptotic and anti‐survival effects on rat hearts with fructose induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Cheng Shiu‐Min , Cheng Yu‐Jung , Wu Liang‐Yi , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Lee Yi‐Shin , Wu Ming‐Che , Huang Chih‐Yang , Ting Hua , Lee Shin‐Da
Published: May 2013

Consumption of fructose has been linked to the development of metabolic syndrome, whereas the cardiomyopathic changes and cardiac apoptosis of dietary high‐fructose intake have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high‐fructose on cardiac apoptotic and survival pathways. Thirty‐two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON), which received a standard chow diet, and a fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome group (FIMS), which received a 50% fructose‐content diet for 13 weeks. Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assays and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from both groups. The blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the FIMS group, compared with the CON group. The abnormal myocardial architecture, enlarged interstitial space and increased cardiac TUNEL‐positive apoptotic cells were observed in the FIMS group. The TNF‐α, TNF receptor 1, Fas ligand, Fas receptor, FADD, and activated caspase‐3 and 8 protein levels (Fas pathway) and the Bax, Bak, Bax/Bcl‐2, Bak/Bcl‐xL, cytosolic cytochrome c, and activated caspase‐3 and nine protein levels (mitochondria pathway) were increased in the FIMS group compared with those in the CON group. The IGFI, IGFI‐R, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL protein levels (survival pathway) were all significantly decreased in the FIMS group compared with those in the CON group. High‐fructose intake elevated blood pressure and glucose levels; moreover, high‐fructose diet activated cardiac Fas‐dependent and mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathways and suppressed the survival pathway, which might provide one possible mechanism for developing heart failure in patients with metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Validated Normal Phase LC Method for Enantiomeric Separation of Rasagiline Mesylate and Its (S)‐Enantiomer on Cellulose Derivative‐Based Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Sunil Reddy P. , Sudhakar Babu K. , Kumar Navneet
Published: May 2013

A simple, sensitive, and robust normal‐phase isocratic HPLC‐UV method was developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation of rasagiline mesylate and its (S)‐enantiomer. The rasagiline and its (S)‐enantiomer were resolved on a Chiralcel‐OJ‐H (4‐methylbenzoate cellulose coated on silica) column using a mobile phase consisting of n‐hexane:isopropyl alcohol:ethanol:diethyl amine (96:2:2:0.01) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 27 °C and elution was monitored at 215 nm. The resolution (Rs) between the enantiomers was found to be more than 2.0. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of the (S)‐enantiomer were found to be 0.35 and 1.05 µg/ml, respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness—and satisfactory results were obtained. The sample solution and mobile phase were found to be stable up to 48 h. The method is useful for routine evaluation of the quality of rasagiline mesylate in bulk drug‐manufacturing units. Chirality 25:324–327, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Degradation and Microbial Epimerization of Triadimenol in Soils
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Li Qiaoling , Zhao Jiahe , Wang Weixiao
Published: May 2013

Triadimenol is a widely used triazole fungicide and consists of four stereoisomers with1R,2S,1S,2R,1R,2R, and1S,2Sconfigurations. The trans‐enantiomeric pair (1R,2S‐isomer and1S,2R‐isomer) is also called triadimenol‐A and the cis‐enantiomeric pair (1R,2R‐isomer and1S,2S‐isomer) triadimenol‐B. In this study, the stereoselective degradation and chiral stability of triadimenol in two soils were investigated in details. The dissipation of technical triadimenol, a 6:1 mixture of triadimenol‐A and triadimenol‐B, showed significant epimerization from triadimenol‐A to triadimenol‐B occurred along with the dissipation process. The degradation exhibited some stereoselectivity, resulting in a concentration order of1S,2S > 1R,2R > 1R,2S > 1S,2Ror1S,2S > 1R,2R > 1S,2R > 1R,2Sat the end of the 100 days incubation for Baoding soil or Wuhan soil, respectively. Further incubation of triadimenol‐B revealed no epimerization, i.e. triadimenol‐B was configurationally stable in soil, and1R,2R‐triadimenol degraded slightly slower in the former part and slightly faster in the later part of the incubation than1S,2S‐triadimenol. Moreover, by incubation of enantiopure1S,2R‐triadimenol and1R,2S‐triadimenol, the results documented the epimerization for each enantiomer occurred at both C‐1 and C‐2 positions. Finally, the present work also documented that the enantiomerization reaction for all the four stereoisomers was nearly negligible in the soils. Chirality 25:355‐360:, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Accumulation of Propranolol Enantiomers in K562 and K562/ADR Cells
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Li , Yu Qin‐Qin , Wang Yi , Zeng Su
Published: May 2013

The stereoselective uptake of propranolol enantiomers was investigated by using the K562 and K562 adriamycin‐resistant cell line (K562/ADR) as a model. An enantioselective RP‐HPLC method was applied to determine the accumulation of propranolol (PPL) stereoisomers in K562 and K562/ADR cells. The concentration, time and temperature dependent studies showed that the accumulation of S‐(−)‐PPL was higher than R‐(+)‐PPL in K562 cells and uptake of R‐(+)‐PPL was significantly higher than that of S‐(−)‐PPL in K562/ADR cells. The results indicate the enantioselective accumulation of propranolol enantiomers in K562 and K562 / ADR cells. Chirality 25:361–364, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with PEDOT:PSS Bilayer Structure as Hole Extraction Layer
Authors: Kim Wanjung , Kim Namhun , Kim Jung Kyu , Park Insun , Choi Yeong Suk , Wang Dong Hwan , Chae Heeyeop , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: May 2013

A high current density obtained in a limited, nanometer‐thick region is important for high efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs). The conversion of incident photons to charge carriers only occurs in confined active layers; therefore, charge‐carrier extraction from the active layer within the device by using solar light has an important impact on the current density and the related to power conversion efficiency. In this study, we observed a surprising result, that is, extracting the charge carrier generated in the active layer of a PSC device, with a thickness‐controlled PEDOT:PSS bilayer that acted as a hole extraction layer (HEL), yielded a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency in two different model systems (P3HT:PC60BM and PCDTBT:PC70BM). To understand this phenomenon, we conducted optical strength simulation, photocurrent–voltage measurements, incident photon to charge carrier efficiency measurements, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and AFM studies. The results revealed that approximately 60 nm was the optimum PEDOT:PSS bilayer HEL thickness in PSCs for producing the maximum power conversion efficiency.
The research–practice Gap: Bridging the schism between eating disorder researchers and practitioners
Authors: Lilienfeld Scott O. , Ritschel Lorie A. , Lynn Steven Jay , Brown Amanda P. , Cautin Robin L. , Latzman Robert D.
Published: May 2013

Objective:

The field of eating disorders (EDs) treatment has been beset by a marked disjunction between scientific evidence and clinical application. We describe the nature and scope of the research–practice gap in the ED field.

Method:

We draw on surveys and broader literature to better understand the research–practice gap in ED treatment and reasons for resistance to evidence‐based practice.

Results:

We identify three sources of the research–practice gap: (1) attitudinal factors, (2) differences in the definition of “evidence,” and (3) cognitive factors, especially naïve realism and confirmation bias. We affirm the role of science as a safeguard against human fallibility and as a means of bridging the research–practice gap, and delineate key principles of scientific thinking for ED researchers and practitioners.

Discussion:

We conclude with proposals for narrowing the research–practice gap in ED treatment and enhancing the quality of interventions for ED clients. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:386–394)
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder: An illustrative case example
Authors: Bryant‐Waugh Rachel
Published: May 2013

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnostic category in DSM‐5. Although replacing Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood, it is not restricted to childhood presentations. In keeping with the broader aim of revising and updating criteria and text to better reflect lifespan issues and clinical expression across the age range, ARFID is a diagnosis relevant to children, adolescents, and adults. This case example of a 13‐year old boy with ARFID illustrates key issues in diagnosis and treatment planning. The issues discussed are not exhaustive, but serve as a guide for central diagnostic and treatment issues to be considered by the clinician. It is anticipated that the inclusion of specific criteria for ARFID as a category within Feeding and Eating Disorders in DSM‐5 will stimulate research into its typology, prevalence, and incidence in different populations and facilitate the development of effective, evidence‐based interventions for this patient group. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:420–423)
Bone health in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa: What is a clinician to do?
Authors: Katzman Debra K. , Misra Madhusmita
Published: May 2013

The objective of this case report is to present a pharmacologic strategy for treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and low bone mineral density (BMD). We present a 17.5‐year‐old girl with a 3‐year history of AN and longstanding inability to optimize nutrition and gain weight, and a decrease over time in her already low BMD. A year after treatment with the 17‐β estradiol patch (100 mcg twice weekly) with cyclic oral progesterone (2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily for days 1–10 of every month), her spine and hip BMD Z‐scores improved, and a further decrease was prevented. This novel treatment is a consideration for girls with AN at greatest risk for low BMD. Adolescents with AN are at risk for low BMD, and the most effective treatment is weight and menses restoration, which can be difficult to attain and to sustain. Recent studies have shown promising results with pharmacological therapy for low BMD in AN. This article discusses current concepts related to bone loss in AN, and new pharmacologic considerations for adolescents at greatest risk for low BMD. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of evidence for psychological treatments in eating disorders: 2005–2012
Authors: Hay Phillipa
Published: May 2013

Objective:

To update new evidence for psychotherapies in eating disorders (EDs) since 2005–September 2012.

Method:

Completed and published in the English language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by SCOPUS search using terms “bulimia” or “binge eating disorder” (BED) or “anorexia nervosa” (AN) or “eating disorder” and “treatment,” and 36 new RCTs met inclusion criteria.

Results:

There has been progress in the evidence for family based treatment in adolescents with AN, for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in full and guided forms, and new modes of delivery for bulimia nervosa (BN), BED, and eating disorder not otherwise specified with binge eating. Risk of bias was low to moderate in 22 (61%) of RCTs.

Discussion:

The evidence base for AN has improved and CBT has retained and extended its status as first‐line therapy for BN. However, further research is needed, in particular noninferiority trials of active therapies and the best approach to addressing ED features and weight management in co‐morbid BED and obesity. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:462–469)
Biological therapies for eating disorders
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Roerig James , Steffen Kristine
Published: May 2013

Objective:

To provide a comprehensive review of pharmacotherapy and other biological treatments for eating disorders.

Method:

Literature on this topic was systematically reviewed.

Results:

The bulimia nervosa (BN) literature underscores the utility of antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, in improving the symptoms of the disorder. The literature on binge eating disorder supports efficacy on reduction in binge eating frequency for a variety of compounds. However, such compounds have only modest effects on weight. Certain antiepileptic agents such as topiramate, if tolerated, are probably more useful in terms of weight loss. The number of controlled trials in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) in particular has been quite small, and recent meta‐analyses show disappointing results using atypical antipsychotics in AN.

Discussion:

The pharmacological treatment of eating disorders remains an underdeveloped field although drug therapy clearly plays a role in the treatment of those with BN and binge eating disorder. Other biological therapies have not been adequately studied. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:470–477)
Eating disorder prevention: Current evidence‐base and future directions
Authors: Stice Eric , Becker Carolyn Black , Yokum Sonja
Published: May 2013

Objective:

This narrative review sought to (a) characterize prevention programs that have produced reliable, reproducible, and clinically meaningful effects in efficacy trials, (b) discuss effectiveness trials that have tested whether prevention programs produce intervention effects under ecologically valid real‐world conditions, (c) discuss dissemination efforts and research on dissemination, and (d) offer suggestions regarding directions for future research in this field.

Conclusion:

A literature revealed that 6 prevention programs have produced significant reductions in eating disorder symptoms through at least 6‐month follow‐up and that 2 have significantly reduced future eating disorder onset. Effectiveness trials indicate that 2 prevention programs have produced effects under ecologically valid conditions that are only slightly attenuated. Although there have been few dissemination efforts, evidence suggests that a community participatory approach is most effective. Lastly, it would be useful to develop programs that produce larger and more persistent reductions in eating disorder symptoms and eating disorder onset, focus more on effectiveness trials that confirm that prevention programs produce clinically meaningful effects under real‐world conditions, conduct meditational, mechanisms of action, and moderator research that provides stronger support for the intervention theory of prevention programs, and investigate the optimal methods of disseminating and implementing evidence‐based prevention programs. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:478–485)