bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cardiac miRNA Transcriptomes Induced by Diabetes and Rapamycin Treatment and Identification of a Rapamycin‐Associated Cardiac MicroRNA Signature
Authors: Belenchia Anthony M. , Gavini Madhavi P. , Toedebusch Ryan G. , DeMarco Vincent G. , Pulakat Lakshmi
Published: December 2018

Rapamycin (Rap), an inhibitor of mTORC1, reduces obesity and improves lifespan in mice. However, hyperglycemia and lipid disorders are adverse side effects in patients receiving Rap treatment. We previously reported that diabetes induces pansuppression of cardiac cytokines in Zucker obese rats (ZO‐C). Rap treatment (750 μg/kg/day for 12 weeks) reduced their obesity and cardiac fibrosis significantly; however, it increased their hyperglycemia and did not improve their cardiac diastolic parameters. Moreover, Rap treatment of healthy Zucker lean rats (ZL‐C) induced cardiac fibrosis. Rap‐induced changes in ZL‐C’s cardiac cytokine profile shared similarities with that of diabetes‐induced ZO‐C. Therefore, we hypothesized that the cardiac microRNA transcriptome induced by diabetes and Rap treatment could share similarities. Here, we compared the cardiac miRNA transcriptome of ZL‐C to ZO‐C, Rap‐treated ZL (ZL‐Rap), and ZO (ZO‐Rap). We report that 80% of diabetes‐induced miRNA transcriptome (40 differentially expressed miRNAs by minimum 1.5‐fold in ZO‐C versus ZL‐C; p ≤ 0.05) is similar to 47% of Rap‐induced miRNA transcriptome in ZL (68 differentially expressed miRNAs by minimum 1.5‐fold in ZL‐Rap versus ZL‐C; p ≤ 0.05). This remarkable similarity between diabetes‐induced and Rap‐induced cardiac microRNA transcriptome underscores the role of miRNAs in Rap‐induced insulin resistance. We also show that Rap treatment altered the expression of the same 17 miRNAs in ZL and ZO hearts indicating that these 17 miRNAs comprise a unique Rap‐induced cardiac miRNA signature. Interestingly, only four miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between ZO‐C and ZO‐Rap, indicating that, unlike the nondiabetic heart, Rap did not substantially change the miRNA transcriptome in the diabetic heart. In silico analyses showed that (a) mRNA‐miRNA interactions exist between differentially expressed cardiac cytokines and miRNAs, (b) human orthologs of rat miRNAs that are strongly correlated with cardiac fibrosis may modulate profibrotic TGF‐β signaling, and (c) changes in miRNA transcriptome caused by diabetes or Rap treatment include cardioprotective miRNAs indicating a concurrent activation of an adaptive mechanism to protect the heart in conditions that exacerbate diabetes.
CciMST: A Clustering Algorithm Based on Minimum Spanning Tree and Cluster Centers
Authors: Lv Xiaobo , Ma Yan , He Xiaofu , Huang Hui , Yang Jie
Published: December 2018

The minimum spanning tree- (MST-) based clustering method can identify clusters of arbitrary shape by removing inconsistent edges. The definition of the inconsistent edges is a major issue that has to be addressed in all MST-based clustering algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel MST-based clustering algorithm through the cluster center initialization algorithm, called cciMST. First, in order to capture the intrinsic structure of the data sets, we propose the cluster center initialization algorithm based on geodesic distance and dual densities of the points. Second, we propose and demonstrate that the inconsistent edge is located on the shortest path between the cluster centers, so we can find the inconsistent edge with the length of the edges as well as the densities of their endpoints on the shortest path. Correspondingly, we obtain two groups of clustering results. Third, we propose a novel intercluster separation by computing the distance between the points at the intersection of clusters. Furthermore, we propose a new internal clustering validation measure to select the best clustering result. The experimental results on the synthetic data sets, real data sets, and image data sets demonstrate the good performance of the proposed MST-based method.
Resveratrol Inhibits the TGF-β1-Induced Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Collagen Secretion by Downregulating miR-17 in Rat
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lu Yuan , Ong’achwa Machuki Jeremiah , Ge Liqi , Qian Yun , Chen Lei , Hu Xiaoqin , Li Fei , Wei Hui , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Chengzong , Wang Zhirong
Published: December 2018

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) can cause heart remodeling and it is an independent risk factor for malignant arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and other malignant cardiovascular events. It is often characterized by myocardial interstitial collagen deposition and hyperproliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the most influential profibrogenic factor. Resveratrol (RSV) is an active polyphenol substance that inhibits myocardial fibrosis. The mechanism of RSV-mediated inhibition of the proliferation of CFs at the microRNA level is not fully understood. We used TGF-β1 to induce CFs proliferation to simulate the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis. Neonatal rat CFs were treated with TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 and EdU assay. Collagen secretion was measured using hydroxyproline kit. Further, qPCR analysis was performed to determine microRNA levels after TGF-β1 or resveratrol treatment. To identify the target gene for miR-17, miR-17 was overexpressed or silenced, and the mRNA and protein levels of Smad7 were assessed. The effects of miR-17 silencing or Smad7 overexpression on cell proliferation and collagen secretion were also examined. Resveratrol treatment significantly decreased the TGF-β1-induced CF proliferation and collagen secretion. Resveratrol also decreased the levels of miR-17, miR-34a, and miR-181a in TGF-β1-treated CFs. Overexpression of miR-17 decreased the Smad7 mRNA and protein levels while silencing miR-17 increased them. Additionally, silencing miR-17 or overexpressing Smad7 decreased the TGF-β1-induced CFs proliferation and collagen secretion. In conclusion, resveratrol inhibits TGF-β1-induced CFs proliferation and collagen secretion. This inhibitory effect of resveratrol is orchestrated by the downregulation of miR-17 and the regulation of Smad7.
Intraosseous Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in the Mandible
Authors: de Freitas George Borja , de França Arthur José Barbosa , dos Santos Stefanny Torres , de Lima Júnior Miqueias Oliveira , da Fonte Neto Adilis Stepple , Bernardon Paula
Published: December 2018

Although it is a rare neoplasm, intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common and well-recognized intraosseous salivary gland tumor. Usually, it presents as an asymptomatic volume increase and most patients perceive the presence of the lesion within a year or less of evolution. They are more common in middle-aged adults and have a slight female predilection. They are three times more common in the mandible than in the maxilla and are most often found in the area of the molars and mandibular ramus. The most frequently present symptom is cortical bulging, although some lesions may be discovered as an accidental finding on radiographs. The main modality of treatment for patients with this neoplasm is radical surgical resection, offering a greater chance of cure than the more conservative procedures, such as enucleation or curettage, due to the great possibility of recurrence and tumor metastasis. This paper reports a rare case of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma occasionally discovered after panoramic radiography of the jaws, which was treated with segmental resection through hemimandibulectomy.
Sleep Duration and Proteinuria Progression: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Yi-Cheng , Chang Chia-Hsuin , Huang Yi-Ting , Yeh Yi-Chun , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Yang Wei-shun , Tu Yu-Kang
Published: December 2018

Background: Extensive studies have demonstrated that sleep is an important modulator of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, its impact on renal function remains uncertain. Methods: A total of 26,249 adults aged ≥20 years were recruited through voluntary health examinations in Taiwan. Sleep duration was self-reported by questionnaire. Proteinuria was graded semi-quantitatively by dipstick urine test. The associations of sleep duration with proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed. Results: After an average follow-up period of 2.62 years, the crude hazard ratio (HR) for proteinuria progression were 1.92 (95% CI 1.22–3.03), 1.23 (95% CI 1.09–1.39), and 1.18 (95% CI 1.00–1.39) for those with sleep duration < 4, 4–6, and > 8 h compared to those with sleep duration of 6–8 h (the reference group), respectively. The HR remained significant for those with sleep duration < 4 h (adjusted HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.05–2.61]) and 4–6 h (adjusted HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06–1.35]) after adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, cholesterols, triglycerides, uric acids, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, income/educational levels, and baseline eGFR. However, eGFR was not significantly different among different sleep duration groups. Discussion: This result indicates short sleep duration is independently associated with the progression of proteinuria.
Da inquiribilidade à criação: as descobertas e a inter-relação com o sonoro desde a primeira infância
Authors: Siufi Cláudia Jaqueline de Souza , Berg Silvia Maria Pires Cabrera
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso relatando experiência realizada em aulas de música de Educação Infantil na escola regular, envolvendo alunos entre um e cinco anos de idade, suas inter-relações com o sonoro e desenvolvimento da criatividade. Partindo dos conceitos de François Delalande a respeito da exploração e criação musical através de objetos sonoros, identificamos nesta pesquisa conexões com Walter Howard que também apresenta estudos na área. Concluímos que a ampliação das relações com os sons a partir da inquiribilidade, exploração e investigação aguça a criatividade e abre caminho para o desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais ao longo da infância.
Predictive Score for Identifying Survival and Recurrence Risk Profiles in Patients Undergoing Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Vergara Pasquale , Tzou Wendy S. , Tung Roderick , Brombin Chiara , Nonis Alessandro , Vaseghi Marmar , Frankel David S. , Di Biase Luigi , Tedrow Usha , Mathuria Nilesh , Nakahara Shiro , Tholakanahalli Venkat , Bunch T. Jared , Weiss J. Peter , Dickfeld Timm , Lakireddy Dhanunjaya , Burkhardt J. David , Santangeli Pasquale , Callans David , Natale Andrea , Marchlinski Francis , Stevenson William G. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Sauer William H. , Della Bella Paolo
Published: December 2018

Background:

Several distinct risk factors for arrhythmia recurrence and mortality following ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation have been described. The effect of concurrent risk factors has not been assessed so far; thus, it is not yet possible to estimate these risks for a patient with several comorbidities. The aim of the study was to identify specific risk groups for mortality and VT recurrence using the Survival Tree (ST) analysis method.

Methods:

In 1251 patients 16 demographic, clinical and procedure-related variables were evaluated as potential prognostic factors using ST analysis using a recursive partitioning algorithm that searches for relationships among variables. Survival time and time to VT recurrence in groups derived from ST analysis were compared by a log-rank test. A random forest analysis was then run to extract a variable importance index and internally validate the ST models.

Results:

Left ventricular ejection fraction, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization device, previous ablation were, in hierarchical order, identified by ST analysis as best predictors of VT recurrence, while left ventricular ejection fraction, previous ablation, Electrical storm were identified as best predictors of mortality. Three groups with significantly different survival rates were identified. Among the high-risk group, 65.0% patients were survived and 52.1% patients were free from VT recurrence; within the medium- and low-risk groups, 84.0% and 97.2% patients survived, 72.4% and 88.4% were free from VT recurrence, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our study is the first to derive and validate a decisional model that provides estimates of VT recurrence and mortality with an effective classification tree. Preprocedure risk stratification could help optimize periprocedural and postprocedural care.
Clinical and Genetic Determinants of Varicose Veins
Authors: Fukaya Eri , Flores Alyssa M. , Lindholm Daniel , Gustafsson Stefan , Zanetti Daniela , Ingelsson Erik , Leeper Nicholas J.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Varicose veins are a common problem with no approved medical therapies. Although it is believed that varicose vein pathogenesis is multifactorial, there is limited understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to their formation. Large-scale studies of risk factors for varicose veins may highlight important aspects of pathophysiology and identify groups at increased risk for disease.

Methods:

We applied machine learning to agnostically search for risk factors of varicose veins in 493 519 individuals in the UK Biobank. Predictors were further studied with univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses (2441 incident events). A genome-wide association study of varicose veins was also performed among 337 536 unrelated individuals (9577 cases) of white British descent, followed by expression quantitative loci and pathway analyses. Because height emerged as a new candidate risk factor, we performed mendelian randomization analyses to assess a potential causal role for height in varicose vein development.

Results:

Machine learning confirmed several known (age, sex, obesity, pregnancy, history of deep vein thrombosis) and identified several new risk factors for varicose vein disease, including height. After adjustment for traditional risk factors in Cox regression, greater height remained independently associated with varicose veins (hazard ratio for upper versus lower quartile, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.51–2.01;
P
<0.0001). A genome-wide association study identified 30 new genome-wide significant loci, identifying pathways involved in vascular development and skeletal/limb biology. Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence that increased height is causally related to varicose veins (inverse-variance weighted: odds ratio, 1.26;
P
=2.07×10
−16
).

Conclusions:

Using data from nearly a half-million individuals, we present a comprehensive genetic and epidemiological study of varicose veins. We identified novel clinical and genetic risk factors that provide pathophysiological insights and could help future improvements of treatment of varicose vein disease.
Collembola of the Campanet cave (Mallorca, Balearic Islands), with descriptions of new species of Pseudosinella (Entomobryidae) and Oncopodura (Oncopoduridae)
Authors: SEMINARIO-CÓRDOVA RENZO A. , BAQUERO ENRIQUE , JORDANA RAFAEL , VADELL MATEO
Published: December 2018

This paper documents the collembolan fauna of the Campanet cave, in the province of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). Sampling was carried out using pitfall traps baited with beer and checked every 15 days. The cave fauna included the following species: Coecobrya tenebricosa, Disparrhopalites patrizi, Entomobrya pazaristei, Neelus murinus and Dicyrtomina ornata. In addition, two new species were found and are described here: Pseudosinella grauae sp. nov. and Oncopodura siquierae sp. nov. The former is characterised by an unpigmented body, eyes absent, dorsal chaetotaxy R0R1R2001/31/0101+2, with accessory chaeta ‘s’ on Abd IV; all claws with three teeth; posterior chaetae on labial triangle as M1, M2, r, E, L1, L2, all ciliated except for r, a smooth microchaetae and smooth remaining anterior labial chaetae. O. siquierae sp. nov is typified by an unpigmented body; eyes absent; PAO as a single small vesicle; Ant IV with four distal leaf‑shaped sensilla and a basal pointed cylindrical chaeta; dens with one proximal inner spine, one distal inner tooth and a large disto-external hook‑like spine; and mucro with four teeth, the basal one distinctly pointed.
Colorism in Israel: The Construct of a Paradox
Authors: Kalev Henriette Dahan
Published: December 2018

The main argument in this article is that while attempting to establish a social and national unity, the Zionist movement has ended up in a socioeconomic split that lines up with ethnic rifts and a skin color divide. The Ashkenazi (East Europeans) have set up a white skin tone as the “zero point of reference” using bio-power practices in order to turn Mizrahim (Jews of Arab and Moslem countries of origin) into “New Jews” constructed in the images of the Jews of European origin. Later this practice was applied to Ethiopian immigrants. Consequently, in order to integrate “Mizrahim” and Ethiopian, Jews developed a paradoxical “Ashkenaziation” in their appearance and their practices, which included turning Mizrahiness and black skin assets into political capital.
Colorism Against Legal Immigrants to the United States
Authors: Hersch Joni
Published: December 2018

Data from the 2003 wave of the New Immigrant Survey established that immigrants to the United States with darker skin color experienced a substantial pay penalty that is not explained by extensive individual and job characteristics. These same immigrants were reinterviewed approximately 4 years later. With additional time to assimilate to the U.S. labor market, the disadvantage of darker skin color may have declined or even disappeared. The current analysis shows that the penalty for darker color instead increased over this period from a 16% lightest-to-darkest penalty to a 25% disparity.
The Bleaching Syndrome Per Colorism Pathology: LGBTQ Perpetuation of Discrimination
Authors: Hall Ronald E.
Published: December 2018

Domination is the preferred and pathological model of assimilation into Western culture. For lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queers (LGBTQs) in America, the resulting stress can reach devastating levels. In response to such circumstances, the assimilation experience of LGBTQ Americans facilitates their manifestation of the Bleaching Syndrome. As a LGBTQ strategy, the Bleaching Syndrome is characterized by the efforts of a stigmatized out-group to assume the identity of a dominant in-group via anatomical paradigm. In this way, assimilation and a better quality of life is presumed assured. Such a strategy, however, in extreme cases may be fatal. For members of LGBTQ out-groups, identity across the life span is alternative to the pathological anatomical paradigm. In this way, LGBTQ Americans may be identified more by gender as who they are and less by genitalia.
Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: Eosinophil, Basophil, and Neutrophil Blood Counts Before and After Surgery
Authors: Parrino Daniela , Brescia Giuseppe , Zanotti Claudia , Tealdo Giulia , Giacomelli Luciano , Barion Umberto , Sfriso Paolo , Marioni Gino
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Research selectively investigating non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is lacking. The inflammatory patterns seen in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP are still poorly understood. The present study is the first to compare blood eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts before/after surgery in patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP stratified by their clinical features.

Methods:

The study concerned 107 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed non-eosinophilic CRSwNP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Results:

Statistical analysis ruled out any significant change in mean blood eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts after ESS. A significant positive correlation emerged between blood eosinophil and basophil counts in both pre- and post-ESS laboratory tests. In the subcohort of allergic patients, a significant negative correlation was found after ESS between eosinophil and neutrophil levels and between basophil and neutrophil levels.

Conclusions:

In eosinophilic CRSwNP, ESS can clear polyps, remove inflammatory tissue, and reduce the inflammatory cytokines it generates, with a consequent reduction in blood eosinophil levels. The different results in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP support the conviction that the 2 types of CRSwNP are entities with distinct inflammatory response patterns.
The Effect of Local Stakeholder Pressures on Responsive and Strategic CSR Activities
Authors: Rhee Yang Pok , Park Chansoo , Petersen Bui
Published: December 2018

This study identifies the relationship between local stakeholder pressures and Korean foreign subsidiaries’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). Analyzing the survey data of 177 Korean foreign subsidiaries yielded two important findings. First, local primary stakeholders have a positive impact on responsive CSR activities, but have no influence on strategic CSR activities. Second, local secondary stakeholders in host countries have a strong influence on both responsive and strategic CSR activities. Secondary stakeholders have more influence on strategic than on responsive CSR activities. This article suggests a change in managerial philosophy toward primary and secondary stakeholders, which may have important implications for multinational enterprises (MNEs) in achieving greater success with the design of their CSR activities.
A psychoanalytical approach to Cristian Mungiu’s 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days
Authors: Gradea Adriana Cordali
Published: December 2018

Cristian Mungiu’s 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days ( 4, 3, 2 for short) is a classic of the new wave in Romanian cinema. Centred on the paternalistic and patriarchal relationship between political power and women, this analysis reveals the psychological effects of traumatic situations and how unconscious (hidden, often irrational) drives determine human behaviour in subjects living under totalitarianism. This article provides a reading of the film through such concepts as the (male) gaze, the law in relation to the figure of the father and the Lacanian orders of the symbolic and the real, the split personality of the abused woman as both subject and object, and life/death instincts in the face of totalitarian intrusion into the reproductive rights of women. This kind of analysis sheds new light on the nuances of the film and the significance of the silence in it by exposing the symbolic reality of communist totalitarianism as opposed to a seemingly authentic Lacanian real that is hidden in the silence and in the materiality of the female body.
The Shape Activity: Social Constructivism in the Psychology Classroom
Authors: Knapp Nancy Flanagan
Published: December 2018

Social constructivist principles and ideas are among those most cited in both educational and psychological circles today, and many current scholars and reformers ground their work in social constructivist theories. Yet the basic principles of social constructivism are notoriously difficult for students to understand and grapple with. This article describes a small group classroom activity using colored shapes that offers a concrete way to introduce these principles to students and provide them with opportunities for subsequent scaffolded discussion and reflection. Typical small group solutions are identified and discussed, along with data on student response to the activity, based on anonymous surveys from 18 undergraduate classes.
Privileging the Voices of Twice-Exceptional Children: An Exploration of Lived Experiences and Stigma Narratives
Authors: Ronksley-Pavia Michelle , Grootenboer Peter , Pendergast Donna
Published: December 2018

This study presents an exploration of the lived experiences of eight twice-exceptional children through their own voices. The narratives reveal a meta-narrative of stigma where identified contextual factors related to discrimination, perceptions of difference, and stigmatized views of disability, giftedness, and subsequently twice-exceptionality. Eight distinct stigma-related themes emerged from the data and each of these is shared. These narratives provide crucial insights into the daily lives of children living with twice-exceptionality in societies where able-bodied and able-minded norms frequently prevail. The study focuses attention on the omnipresent nature of stigma and the importance of cultivating awareness and understanding about twice-exceptionality to address the unique needs of these children. Moreover, policy and practices can be informed by engaging with these children’s experiences so that their needs can be adequately recognized and addressed.
Valuing the Process and Product of Inquiry-Based Instruction and Learning
Authors: Barone Diane , Barone Rebecca
Published: December 2018

This year-long qualitative study explored third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade gifted students’ participation during inquiry explorations. We discovered that it took considerable time for students to balance the process and final product created. For instance, students focused on the process and planning of the outcome. However, when the outcome product was created, they may have only considered one element early in the academic year. There was a delicate balance between engaging in inquiry and developing a product that met expectations.
The political economy of Facebook’s platformization in the mobile ecosystem: Facebook Messenger as a platform instance
Authors: Nieborg David B , Helmond Anne
Published: December 2018

Facebook’s usage has reached a point that the platform’s infrastructural ambitions are to be taken very seriously. To understand the company’s evolution in the age of mobile media, we critically engage with the political economy of platformization. This article puts forward a conceptual framework and methodological apparatus to study Facebook’s economic growth and expanding platform boundaries in the mobile ecosystem through an analysis of the Facebook Messenger app. Through financial and institutional analysis, we examine Messenger’s business dimension and draw on platform studies and information systems research to survey its technical dimension. By retracing how Facebook, through Messenger, operationalizes platform power, this article attempts to bridge the gap between these various disciplines by demonstrating how platforms emerge and how their apps may evolve into platforms of their own, thereby gaining infrastructural properties. It is argued that Messenger functions as a ‘platform instance’ that facilitates transactions with a wide range of institutions within the boundaries of the app and far beyond.
A meta-heuristic framework based on clustering and preprocessed datasets for solving the link prediction problem
Authors: Barham Reham Shawqi , Sharieh Ahmad , Sleit Azzam
Published: December 2018

This study presents a solution to a problem commonly known as link prediction problem. Link prediction problem interests in predicting the possibility of appearing a connection between two nodes of a network, while there is no connection between these nodes in the present state of the network. Finding a solution to link prediction problem attracts variety of computer science fields such as data mining and machine learning. This attraction is due to its importance for many applications such as social networks, bioinformatics and co-authorship networks. Towards solving this problem, Evolutionary Link Prediction (EVO-LP) framework is proposed, presented, analysed and tested. EVO-LP is a framework that includes dataset preprocessing approach and a meta-heuristic algorithm based on clustering for prediction. EVO-LP is divided into preprocessing stage and link prediction stage. Feature extraction, data under-sampling and feature selection are utilised in the preprocessing stage, while in the prediction stage, a meta-heuristic algorithm based on clustering is used as an optimiser. Experimental results on a number of real networks show that EVO-LP improves the prediction quality with low time complexity.
Perceptions of palliative care in a lower middle-income Muslim country: A qualitative study of health care professionals, bereaved families and communities
Authors: Fearon David , Kane Hélène , Aliou N’Diaye , Sall Alhousseynou
Published: December 2018

Background:

Palliative care has been successfully integrated into many Muslim-majority countries, most frequently in urbanised areas with developed health care systems. Less is known as to how the concept of palliative care is perceived by Muslim populations and health workers in rural, resource-limited contexts.

Aim:

This study seeks to explore whether the principles of palliative care are congruent with the perspectives of health professionals, families and communities in rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, in West Africa.

Design:

A qualitative research design was employed underpinned by a constructionist paradigm. Data were collected through 31 interviews and 8 focus groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

A total of 76 participants were recruited from across rural Mauritania; 33 health care professionals, 12 recently bereaved family members and 31 community leaders. Data collection occurred during training events in the capital and visits to villages and rural health posts.

Results:

Three major themes were identified. First, there is a perceived lack of congruency between an illness which limits life and the strong belief in destiny. The second theme describes the perceived barriers to communication of issues relating to palliative care. Finally, a good death is described, framed within the interplay of religious faith and cultural practices.

Conclusion:

The palliative care ethos is viewed positively by the majority of participants. The need to understand and respect a Muslim individual’s faith does not diminish our obligation to personalise palliative care provided for them and their family.
Insertion depth of nasotracheal tubes sized to fit the nostril: an observational study
Authors: Lee Bora , Park Wyun Kon , Yun Soon Young , Kang Soojeong , Kim Hyun Joo
Published: December 2018

Objective

Nasotracheal (NT) intubation is commonly applied during head and neck surgery. However, improper tube size and depth may cause complications. In the current study, we investigated whether NT tubes are being appropriately used in terms of size and depth in adult patients.

Methods

Nares were sized in 40 patients using standard nasopharyngeal airways (6.0–8.0) before elective surgery under general anesthesia. The largest sized airway that passed easily into the nasopharynx without resistance was considered as a proper size. Using a fiberoptic scope, the distances from the nares to the vocal cords and the nares to the carina were measured. Rates of proper NT tube positioning were calculated with regard to the cuff and distal tip.

Results

The most frequent sizes of properly fitted NT tubes were 6.5 and 6.0 in male and female patients, respectively. Positioning of the cuff and distal tip was only appropriate when using a properly sized tube in 26% and 47% of male and female patients, respectively.

Conclusion

Care should be taken to determine the insertion depth after placing an NT tube that has been sized to fit the nostril. Moreover, NT tubes of the same diameter may be required in various lengths. Trial registration: Registered at ClinicalTrial.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02876913 ; Registration number NCT02876913
Long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing PUMA expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Li , Xiao Chunyan , Guo Bingling , Gong Yi , Liang Xiping , Huang Dehong , Li Qiying , Nan Yingyu , Xiang Ying , Shao Jianghe
Published: December 2018

Objective

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important mediators in tumor progression. Long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) participates in multiple biological processes. This study explored the role of lincRNA-p21 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and potential regulatory mechanisms.

Methods

LincRNA-p21 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines (A549, H1299, H1650, and NCI-H2087) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. LincRNA-p21 overexpressing and sh-lincRNA-p21 lentiviral were respectively transfected into H1299 and A549 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. Microarray analysis and RNA pull-down assay were used to predict the target genes of lincRNA-p21. Finally, PUMA siRNA and overexpressing PUMA were transfected into NSCLC cells, and the extent of cell apoptosis was measured. The protein expression levels of the relative genes were confirmed by western blot analysis.

Results

LincRNA-p21 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. The upregulation of lincRNA-p21 considerably inhibited cell apoptosis while the downregulation of lincRNA-p21 showed the opposite effect. PUMA was a direct target gene of lincRNA-p21 and was negatively correlated with lincRNA-p21 in NSCLC specimens. The anti-apoptotic effect of lincRNA-p21 can be effectively attenuated by the upregulation of PUMA.

Conclusion

LincRNA-p21 is aberrantly upregulated in NSCLC and inhibits cell apoptosis by decreasing PUMA expression.
Examining the Psychometric Validity of the Five-Item Gratitude Questionnaire: An Item Response Theory Approach
Authors: Valdez Jana Patricia M. , Chu Samuel Kai Wah
Published: December 2018

The present investigation explored the psychometric validity of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-5) using a construct validation approach. Concerning within-network construct validity, results of item response theory (IRT) analysis via graded response model (GRM) showed that this scale could not discriminate individuals who score high in gratitude and the 7-scale response options could be modified to a 6-scale response choice. As regards to between-network construct validity, findings demonstrated that gratitude was positively correlated to both controlled and autonomous motivation. Implications are discussed to refine the assessment of gratitude in the school contexts.
An Affront to Her Mana: Young Māori Mothers’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Dhunna Simran , Lawton Beverley , Cram Fiona
Published: December 2018

Young Māori mothers in Aotearoa/New Zealand are disproportionately vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to multiple intersecting factors, such as relationship dynamics during youth, pregnancy, and racialized Māori (Indigenous) identity. An enduring legacy of settler colonialism has resulted in Māori being overrepresented as victims and perpetrators of violence. IPV, in particular, leads to adverse social, mental, and health outcomes over time, including those specific to mothers (e.g., postpartum depression, miscarriage). This study analyzed six narrative interviews with young Māori mothers aged 14 to 19 from the E Hine longitudinal maternal health care study. Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) was the primary research framework, which allowed for the use of Māori modes of engagement and the centering of Māori women’s voices in the research process. Using a thematic and interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), we aimed to understand the lived realities of young Māori mothers who have experienced IPV and to examine the extent to which service responsiveness has been culturally safe. Our findings illustrated how IPV manifests in the relationships of these six women. Their stories showed the various ways in which young Māori women resist violence, reclaim their Māori identities, and experience personal transformation during their motherhood journeys despite abuse. We find that whānau (extended family) is both a violence-perpetuating and immensely protective factor. Moreover, there are structural and institutional barriers to culturally safe service responsiveness for young Māori women. These come in the form of racism at the frontlines of government agencies, pervasive victim-blaming, and a lack of earnest decolonial structural change at the institutional level. We conclude that social services must be multisectoral, culturally safe, and specialized for Māori youth and families to support Māori mothers experiencing IPV.
“Men Cannot Be Raped”: Correlates of Male Rape Myth Acceptance
Authors: Walfield Scott M.
Published: December 2018

Despite the increased attention surrounding rape and sexual assault, research on male victims remains limited, particularly concerning the adherence to rape myths. Rape myths, which are false beliefs that are widely accepted, contribute to the justification and normalization of sexual violence by offenders and focus on the actions and behavior of victims while minimizing the harm. Addressing the gaps in the research, the present study examines how demographics, personal experiences with rape (i.e., being or knowing a survivor), and belief systems relate to rape myth adherence for male victims. The sample consisted of 1,220 adults in the United States who completed an online survey via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The number of myths endorsed ranged from 0 to 21 with a mean of 4.1 ( SD = 4.7). In the final model of the hierarchical regression, results indicate rape myth acceptance was positively associated with individuals who were male, older, and more likely to believe males falsely report rapes to law enforcement at a high rate. Of the gender and sexuality attitudinal scales, individuals who adhered to female rape myths, held negative attitudes toward homosexuals, accepted traditional sexual double standards, and believed in traditional social gender roles were more likely to adhere to male rape myths. Findings demonstrate that rape myths operate similarly for male and female victims. Sexual assault programming and interventions need to address that males can be victims of sexual violence and the myths associated with male victimization in addition to generally challenging the adverse belief systems that serve as the foundation for rape myths generally.
The Relationship Between Foreclosures and Intimate Partner Violence During the U.S. Housing Crisis
Authors: Wallace Danielle , Chamberlain Alyssa , Pfeiffer Deirdre
Published: December 2018

The recent U.S. housing crisis led to increases in neighborhood foreclosures and stress. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked to neighborhood stress, but less is known about whether foreclosures aggravate neighborhood conditions affecting IPV. Using police, foreclosure, and census data for three cities in the Phoenix region coupled with cross-sectional time series modeling, we find a direct effect of foreclosures on IPV, with the largest effects appearing at the end of the housing crisis. Our findings suggest that households living in communities that recover more slowly from housing downturns may be more prone to IPV.
Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs With Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)
Authors: Castejon-Gonzalez Ana C. , Soltero-Rivera Maria , Brown Dorothy C. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: December 2018

Medical records of dogs diagnosed with masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) at Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during a period of 17 years (from 1999 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-two dogs were included in this retrospective case series study. Immunosuppressive doses of prednisone were prescribed to all dogs. Twenty dogs had full recovery of masticatory function. The mean (SD) improvement in the vertical mandibular range of motion (vmROM) was 5.3 (3.1) cm during the first 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 1-4) and 2.8 (2.2) cm during the subsequent 8 weeks (weeks 5-12). The vmROM continued to improve for several more months. Six dogs had a relapse, but the clinical signs were more severe in dogs when no longer receiving prednisone compared to dogs still on prednisone at the time of relapse. When diagnosed and treated appropriately, MMM has a good prognosis with relatively quick return to masticatory function. Early discontinuation of prednisone therapy should be avoided. Approximately 1 year of therapy is recommended prior to discontinuing the medication. Educating the client about how to perform muscle palpation, determine vmROM at home, recognize signs of pain, and notice behavioral changes may help in the early detection of relapses.
Stability control of in-wheel motor drive vehicle with motor fault
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Cui Wei , Lin Shu , Tan Dongkui , Chen Wuwei
Published: December 2018

In-wheel motor drive vehicles have many advantages such as more efficient, energy-saving, large space, and flexible control. But the increase of four-wheel actuators and sensors makes the probability of wheel motor fault increase and brings risk to the safety and reliability of the system. For in-wheel motor drive vehicles, the motor torque output fault happens frequently, which seriously affects the stability and safety of the vehicle. The stability control under the single-motor fault condition is considered in this paper, and the vehicle model with a single-motor fault and the fault diagnosis observer are established. Then, combined with the fault observation, a stability control method is formulated based on the different states of the controlled object of the vehicle. At the stage of low speed and small steering, a torque compensation controller including steady state/feedforward/feedback control is designed for the fault motor based on the triple-step method to ensure the vehicle staying in a stable driving state. At the stage of high-speed, large-steering, or large-torque output, the vehicle stability control based on torque distribution is carried out for the sound wheel, which is composed of a torque tracking controller and a torque optimal distribution controller. The former can make the vehicle get rid of the fault state quickly, and the latter can effectively keep the stability of the vehicle and make the vehicle maintain a certain driving response ability. Finally, the control method proposed in this paper is simulated and tested on the CarSim/Simulink joint simulation platform and the CarSim/LabVIEW hardware-in-loop experiment bench. The results show that after the single-motor fault occurs, the stability control system can effectively suppress the instability of the vehicle caused by the single-motor fault and ensure the stability and safety of the vehicle.
Domestication and mobile genetic elements
Authors: Glazko Valeriy I , Zybaylov Boris L , Glazko Galina V , Glazko Tatyana T
Published: December 2018

Domestication has fascinated researchers starting with Charles Darwin who was the first to observe that domestication-related traits are similar across a variety of taxonomically distant domesticated species yet are very different for taxonomically close wild species. The genetic basis of domestication remains to be understood and there are at least three different hypotheses trying to explain the genetic mechanisms underlying domestication phenomenon. This commentary briefly reviews these hypotheses and the existing compelling evidence that mobile genetic elements contribute to the phenomenon of domestication.
Employment of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Malaysia: Moving Policy Rhetoric into Action
Authors: Jamil Rossilah , Saidin Sarida
Published: December 2018

The case portrays a macro-view of human resource management (HRM) at the national policy level. The case is imbued with concepts to promote responsible HRM, social and workplace inclusion of marginal groups. Set against a canvas of general rights and challenges of persons with disabilities (PWDs), the case showcases the Malaysian government’s initiatives spearheaded by the Social Welfare Department (JKM) to boost PWD employment in its public service. The case revolves around the case protagonist, Aleeya Tan, the head of assistant director of the division of PWD career development in JKM. Relatively inexperienced in PWD employment, Aleeya was tasked to oversee the progress of an affirmative policy on PWD employment that required every public department to employ at least 1 per cent PWDs in their workforce. The catch—the policy remained rhetoric even three decades after it was passed. Following Malaysia’s recent economic blueprint, the policy was once again resurrected and put under public scrutiny. The case describes personal, institutional, structural, legal and social problems faced by the protagonist to outline strategies to meet the policy overdue target. The case is suitable for postgraduate courses in HRM and/or Employment Policy in Masters in Business Administration. Case learners will acquire conceptual knowledge on the subject, problem-solving skills and develop positive values towards the PWD community.
Poverty, Economic Inequality and Polarization: A District-Wise Analysis of Maharashtra
Authors: Sen Kritika
Published: December 2018

This article presents a new set of poverty, economic inequality and polarization estimates for all districts of Maharashtra based on the Modified Mixed Recall Period (MMRP) estimates of consumption expenditure from the National Sample Survey (NSS) Consumer Expenditure survey rounds 66th (2009–2010) and 68th (2011–2012). The broad picture emerging from these revised estimates is that poverty has declined during the reference period in rural as well urban sectors. However, perceptible differences between rural and urban sectors in all measures of poverty were identified along with a disaggregated study of the districts where the magnitude of poverty and inequality has been alarming and needs policy attention. The pattern of clustering of population around poles defined by MPCE has been studied by employing indices of polarization. These indicate that polarization has increased in rural sector and decreased in urban sector over the reference period.
Childhood Cancer-Related Fatigue and Day-to-Day Quality of Life
Authors: Antill Keener Tina
Published: December 2018

Childhood cancer-related fatigue is often viewed as an inevitable symptom of cancer and cancer treatment leading to underassessment by health care providers and self-management by families in the home and hospital environment. Parents’ perspectives of the influence of childhood cancer-related fatigue on their child’s day-to-day life is needed to understand how parents may or may not prioritize, report, and/or manage the fatigue symptom. This qualitative study used conventional content analysis to describe parents’ observations and perspectives on the influence of fatigue in their child’s day-to-day quality of life (QOL). Eleven interviews were gathered from parents. The concept childhood cancer-related fatigue and domains of QOL in pediatric oncology patients were used to guide the study, construct interview questions, and conduct conventional content analysis. A synthesis of three categories and seven codes led to three major findings: (a) parents perceive their child’s symptoms as co-occurring not as a discrete entity of fatigue, (b) parents accept the child’s behavior as a “new normal,” and (c) parents recognize fatigue as a warning sign. The study findings reveal differences in how parents observe childhood cancer-related fatigue and how they perceive the symptom influences day-to-day QOL. Findings of this study support current guidelines underscoring the importance of multidimensional fatigue care. Additionally, the findings suggest a standardized multiple symptom instrument may be helpful in assessing symptom experience.