bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory meat quality, ultimate pH values, blood metabolites and carcass parametersin reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) fed various diets
Authors: Wiklund Eva , Nilsson Anna , Åhman Birgitta
Published: July 2013

This investigation was made to study and compare the effects of different diets on sensory meat quality and ultimate pH values in reindeer muscles and to relate stress-induced blood metabolites and carcass parameters to the meat quality traits measured. Altogether 23 female reindeer calves were included in the study. During an adaptation period, all reindeer were allowed free access to a mimicked natural diet containing 80% lichens (lichen diet). On January 28, 8 reindeer (group Cjan) were slaughtered. Five reindeer (group C.Mar) were allowed continuous free access to the lichen diet throughout the experiment. During 8 days, the other reindeer (groups PL and PS) were given the lichen diet, half of the amount offered to the control group, and were then starved for one day. Thereafter, these reindeer were fed 80% commercial reindeer feed (pellets) and either 20% lichens (group PL), or 20% silage (group PS) for 5 weeks. After this, all animals were slaughtered. The average carcass weight and dressing percentage in the group fed commercial reindeer feed and lichens (PL) were higher than in group CMar- Fat registrations were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in the groups Cj2n and CMar- Ultimate pH values in M. triceps brachii and M. longissimus were significantly lower in the group CMST than in PL. The levels of all blood metabolites (urea, ASAT and Cortisol) were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in groups Cja„ and CMEF- NO significant differences were found in any of sensory attributes of the meat (monitored according to ISO standards). The present study shows that muscle and fat depots in reindeer can be improved by feeding a diet based on reindeer pellets but suggests that a feeding period of 35 days might be too short to affect the sensory properties of reindeer meat.
The quality of the forage eaten by Norwegian reindeer on South Georgia in summer
Authors: Mathiesen Svein D. , Aagnes Utsi Tove H.
Published: July 2013

The chemical composition and digestibility of plants selected by Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia (SG) were investigated in the austral summer and compared with two qualities of standard grasses of Phleum pratense of European origin. Paridiochola flabellata, Poa pratense, Poa annua, Deschampsia antarctka, and Phleum alpinum collected on SG contained 14.8, 17.6, 22.8, 16.1 and 10.1% respectively of crude protein of dry matter (DM). Aceana magellanica also collected on SG contained 19.8% of crude protein and 18.8% of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of DM, while the tussock grass P. flabellata, contained as much as 29-3% of WSC of DM. Total plant cell-wall contents (CWC), including cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin in P. flabellata, P. pratense, P. annua and P. alpinum were 53.2, 49.6, 41.7 and 40.4% of DM respectively, while A. magellanica contained only 17.5% of DM CWC. The lignin concentrations of plants analysed varied between 1.2 and 3.2% of DM. Mean in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of selected plants ranged from 70% in P. flabellata to 83% in P. alpinum after 48 h incubation in rumen fluid from these reindeer. In contrast, the IVDMD of the poor and high quality standard grass Phleum pratense were 54% and 73% of DM, respectively. The forage eaten by reindeer on SG in summer was of high quality, with low lignin content, moderate protein concentration and high degradability in rumen fluid.
Habitat use by caribou in northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Schneider Richard R. , Wynes B. , Wasel S. , Dzus E. , Hiltz H.
Published: July 2013

Habitat mapping and habitat supply assessment have been identified as key elements of the Alberta Woodland Caribou Conservation Strategy. Previous studies from northeastern Alberta have shown that caribou select lowland habitat types and avoid upland. The objectives of our study were to determine whether these selection patterns are consistent across all of northern Alberta and to generate a map of habitat suitability for the entire region. Our database included over 11 000 radiotelemetry locations collected over six years from caribou across northern Alberta. We also had available a recently revised map of peatlands for the entire province. We found that polygons in the peatland map containing greater than 30% bog were selected by caribou. Fens were also selected, but not as strongly as bogs. Habitat polygons containing greater than 50% non-peat were avoided. These findings were consistent among all regions studied, and among years. The proportion of caribou relocations declined exponentially with distance from polygons classified as peatlands. Based on the observed selection patterns, we reclassified the peatland map to reflect the potential suitability of habitat for caribou across northern Alberta.
Finite‐time H ∞  filtering for a class of discrete‐time Markovian jump systems with partly unknown transition probabilities
Authors: Cheng Jun , Zhu Hong , Zhong Shouming , Zeng Yong , Hou Liyuan
Published: July 2013

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite‐time H ∞  filtering for a class of Markovian jump systems subject to partial information on the transition probabilities. By introducing some slack matrix variables in terms of probability identity, a less conservative bounded real lemma is derived to ensure that filtering Markovian jump systems is finite‐time stable. Finally, the existence criterion of the desired filter is obtained such that the corresponding filtering error system is finite‐time bounded with a guaranteed H ∞  performance index. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of passive algorithms in adaptive control
Authors: Flores‐Pérez A. , Grave Ileana , Tang Yu
Published: July 2013

Representative passive adaptive algorithms have been developed with a wide variety of applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, the attempt to unify or to compare them has not been clearly established in literature. In this article, we provide a passive adaptive framework which encompasses all those algorithms including the recently developed proportional‐integral (PI) adaptive scheme. A comparative analysis among performances of the passive algorithms is carried out by means of simulations considering the problem of passivity‐based adaptive tracking control of a simple pendulum. In addition, passivity property for PI algorithm is rigorously shown in case of linear parametrization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐delivery of Cell‐permeable Chimeric Apoptosis AVPIR8 Peptide/p53 DNA for Cocktail Therapy
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Guo Qianqian , Jiang Yifan , Liu Ergang , Zhao Yongxing , Wang Huixin , Li Yaping , Huang Yongzhuo
Published: July 2013

The tetra‐peptide AVPI, derived from the Smac/DIABLO N‐terminal epitope, is able to trigger caspase activation and apoptotic process. However, its clinical value is greatly hampered by the nature of membrane‐impermeability. Herein, the cell‐penetrating chimeric apoptotic peptide of AVPIR8 is synthesized, of which the apoptosis‐induced AVPI is strategically blended with the cell‐penetrating sequence of octaarginine (R8). The dual‐functionalized AVPIR8 is not only potent in inducing apoptosis in tumor cells due to the cell penetration ability, but also is able to work as gene carrier for transfering the tumor suppressor p53 DNA into cells, thus constructing a co‐delivery drug system (AVPIR8/p53). Such system efficiently promotes apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells, and its antitumor activity is further significantly enhanced in combination with doxorubicin as cocktail therapy. More importantly, the anticancer efficacy of the cocktail is demonstrated to be able to arrest tumor growth in two animal tumor models (melanoma and cervical cancers), respectively. The chemotherapeutic dose in the AVPIR8/p53‐based cocktail is significantly reduced by 80%, compared to the monotherapy of doxorubicin. The present results show the promise of the co‐delivered AVPIR8/p53 as adjuvant therapy for boosting the conventional chemotherapeutics, with a unique benefit of enhanced productive treatment outcomes yet greatly reduced adverse toxicity.
Decoupling Diameter and Pitch in Silicon Nanowire Arrays Made by Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Yeom Junghoon , Ratchford Daniel , Field Christopher R. , Brintlinger Todd H. , Pehrsson Pehr E.
Published: July 2013

The fabrication of well‐separated, narrow, and relatively smooth silicon nanowires with good periodicity is demonstrated, using non‐close‐packed arrays of nanospheres with precisely controlled diameters, pitch, and roughness. Controlled reactive ion etching in an inductively coupled plasma reduces the self‐assembled nanospheres to approximately a tenth of their original diameter, while retaining their surface smoothness and periodic placement. A titanium adhesion layer between the silicon substrate and gold film allows much thinner catalyst layers to be continuous, facilitating the film liftoff and formation of the perforated pattern without influencing catalyzed etching of silicon. Using these methods, a periodic array of silicon nanowires with a large pitch and small diameter (e.g., a 490 nm pitch and 55 nm diameter) is created, a combination not typically found in the open literature. This approach extends the types and quality of silicon nanostructures that can be fabricated using the combined nanosphere lithography and metal‐assisted chemical etching techniques.
Does Income and Income Distribution Determine Global Food and Beverage Products Trade?
Authors: ul Haq Zahoor
Published: July 2013

The author investigates the role of income in explaining the trade of 46 differentiated food and beverage products across 52 developed and developing countries. The Heckman maximum likelihood procedure with fixed effects was used to explore the role of income in explaining bilateral trade flows. The study finds that income but not income distribution is an important determinant of food products trade and the hypothesis that income does not influence food and beverage product trade is consistently rejected. For most of the food products, the empirical results reject the proposition that income elasticities are the same across the development spectrum. The assumption of homothetic preferences (expenditure elasticities equal to one) was most consistently rejected for middle‐income countries, but rarely rejected for lower‐ and high‐income countries. The results suggest that income plays an important role in food trade, and middle‐income countries are the growth markets of the future.
A systematic review of nonabsorbable, absorbable, and steroid‐impregnated spacers following endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Grewal Aman , Briel Matthias , Lee John M.
Published: July 2013

Background

Middle meatal (MM) spacers may reduce adhesions following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, there is no consensus as to which materials and adjuncts are the most effective for this purpose. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of absorbable spacers (AS) vs nonabsorbable spacers (NAS) in reducing adhesions following ESS for chronic sinusitis. Secondarily, we assessed steroidal vs nonsteroidal MM spacers in reducing adhesions.

Methods

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted and a meta‐analysis on relevant outcome data was performed. Electronic search was done using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Independent data extraction and evaluation was conducted.

Results

For our primary objective, 6 RCTs were included in the systematic review. A pooled estimate of relevant trials revealed a nonsignificant trend favoring AS in reducing adhesion formation compared to NAS (Relative Risk (RR), 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–1.03). This trend was not apparent if NAS are left for greater than 48 hours after ESS. For our secondary objective, we identified 5 RCTs that compared steroidal vs nonsteroidal spacers. Although a pooled analysis could not be achieved due to inconsistent reporting of MM adhesions, 2 studies demonstrated significantly less adhesions in the steroidal spacer group.

Conclusion

Comparison between NAS and AS showed that there was no significant difference in adhesion rates if NAS are used for at least 48 hours after surgery. Steroidal spacers may reduce adhesions, but more consistent data reporting is required for meta‐analysis.
Removal of copper(II) ions with a thermoresponsive cellulose‐g‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) copolymer
Authors: Kasgoz Hasine , Ozbas Zehra , Esen Emine , Sahin Canan Puren , Gurdag Gulten
Published: July 2013

N‐Isopropyl acrylamide monomer was grafted onto cellulose (Cell) with a cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN)–nitric acid initiator system, and a thermoresponsive Cell‐g‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymer was obtained. The copolymer was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy/electron‐dispersive spectrometry analysis. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer was determined by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The swelling capacities and water retention values were determined in distilled water in the temperature range from 10 to 50°C. The adsorption experiments were performed by a solid‐phase extraction technique. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as an extractant, and Cu(II) ion was complexed with SDBS before the adsorption process. Then, the adsorption of the Cu(II)–SDBS complexes onto Cell‐g‐PNIPAM copolymers through hydrophobic interaction was performed at higher temperatures than the LCST of the copolymer. The adsorption capacity (Q) was dependent on the initial pH of the metal‐ion solution, and Q decreased at lower pHs. The maximum sorption capacity of the copolymer for the Cu(II) ion was 1.18 mmol/g, and a high amount of sorption equilibrium was attained in 10 h. We found that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption was S‐type according to the Giles classification system. It was also determined that the thermoresponsive Cell copolymer could be used for the removal of Cu(II) ions as an environmentally friendly sorbent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4440–4448, 2013
Investigations on clay dispersion in polypropylene/clay nanocomposites using rheological and microscopic analysis
Authors: Banerjee Saikat , Joshi Mangala , Ghosh Anup K.
Published: July 2013

Morphology assessment plays an important role as the ultimate properties of the processed nanocomposites mainly depend upon the morphology. This study focuses on the evaluation of polypropylene/clay nanocomposite structure using rheological and transmission electron microscopic investigation. Melt processing of nanocomposite was carried out on a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) was used as a compatibilizer to facilitate better mixing of clay in polypropylene. The effect of compatibilizer to clay ratio on dispersion was analyzed through rheological data. An increase in complex viscosity and storage modulus with increase in compatibilizer content is observed at lower frequency region. Shifting of crossover frequencies to a lower value also indicate better exfoliation. Improved exfoliated morphology was also corroborated by Cole–Cole and inverse loss tangent plots. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph based unique statistical image analysis was carried out using ImageJ software. A compatibilizer to clay content of 2 : 1 was found to be the optimum composition which was further supported by dielectric and mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4464–4473, 2013
A comparative study of aging characteristics and thermal stability of oil palm ash, silica, and carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Ooi Zhong Xian , Ismail Hanafi , Bakar Azhar Abu
Published: July 2013

Filler‐filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were prepared by conventional laboratory‐sized two roll mills and cured using sulfuric system. The effect of thermal aging on physical properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of oil palm ash (OPA) and commercial fillers (i.e., silica vulkasil C and carbon black N330)‐filled NR vulcanizates at respective optimum loading and equal loading were studied. Before aging, the OPA‐filled vulcanizates showed comparable optimum strength as carbon black‐filled vulcanizates. The hardening of aged filler‐filled NR vulcanizates happened after aging, thereby tensile strength and elongation at break reduced while the modulus increased. Fifty phr carbon black‐filled vulcanizates showed better retention in tensile properties as compared to silica (10 phr) and OPA (1 phr). This was attributed to the addition of different filler loading and this finding was further explained when equal loading of filler‐filled vulcanizates was studied. Fourier transform infra‐red analysis showed chemical structure had changed and tensile fractured surface exhibited smooth appearance due to the deterioration in tensile properties after aging. TGA also denoted the thermal stability was depending on the amount of filler loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4474–4481, 2013
13C NMR study of presence of uron structures in amino adhesives and relation with wood‐based panels performance
Authors: Costa Nuno A. , Martins Daniela , Pereira João , Martins Jorge , Ferra João , Cruz Paulo , Mendes Adélio , Magalhães Fernão D. , Carvalho Luísa H.
Published: July 2013

The chemical structure of amino adhesives produced by the strongly acid process was investigated by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. This technique allowed the identification of functional groups and its quantitative determination. Concentration of cyclic polymeric structures (urons) was shown to be related with adhesive performance and with particleboard physico‐mechanical properties and formaldehyde content. Higher urons concentration presented lower viscosity and reactivity. Particleboards produced with resins with lower urons concentration presented lower formaldehyde content, but also lower internal bond strength. Wood‐based panels produced fulfilled E1 class requirements for formaldehyde emissions, indicating that strongly acid process is an alternative to the conventional alkaline–acid process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4500–4507, 2013
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate, a lipid that regulates membrane dynamics, protein sorting and cell signalling
Authors: Schink Kay O. , Raiborg Camilla , Stenmark Harald
Published: July 2013

Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PtdIns3P) is generated on the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, primarily by phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol by class II and class III phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinases. The bulk of this lipid is found on the limiting and intraluminal membranes of endosomes, but it can also be detected in domains of phagosomes, autophagosome precursors, cytokinetic bridges, the plasma membrane and the nucleus. PtdIns3P controls cellular functions through recruitment of specific protein effectors, many of which contain FYVE or PX domains. Cellular processes known to be controlled by PtdIns3P and its effectors include endosomal fusion, sorting and motility, autophagy, cytokinesis, regulated exocytosis and signal transduction. Here we discuss how Ptdins3P is generated on specific cellular membranes, how its localizations and functions can be studied, and how its effectors serve to control cellular functions.

Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays:

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate: Targeted production and signalingAbstract

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Phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate: The Golgi and beyondAbstract
Structural and photoluminescence study of Mn2+‐activated CaYAl3O7 blue phosphors
Authors: Selot Anupam , Tripathi J. , Tripathi S. , Aynyas Mahendra
Published: July 2013

The structural and photoluminescence properties of CaYAl3O7 phosphor material doped with varying concentration of Mn2+ have been studied. The phosphor material was synthesized by the combustion method at 500 °C and was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallites have average sizes in the range of ~58–70 nm. Corresponding Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations confirm the phase formation and the presence of aluminate group (Al‐O bands) in CaYAl3O7:Mn2+ phosphor. Under the excitation at 356 nm wavelength, the PL spectra show the occurrence of two emission peaks obtained in the blue region at 389 nm and 412 nm, which is attributed to the 4 T1(G) → 6A1 transition of Mn2+ ion. Upon increasing Mn2+ concentration, the relative PL intensity shows an initial decrement followed by an increase displaying the effect of concentration quenching. Overall the results suggest the possibility of using this material in white lighting devices and plasma display panels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A colorimetric and fluorescent probe for fluoride ions based on 6‐acetyl‐2‐naphthol
Authors: Hou Peng , Chen Song , Song Xiangzhi
Published: July 2013

A colorimetric and turn‐on fluorescent probe for fluoride ions, tert‐butyldimethylsilane 6‐acetyl‐2‐naphtholate, was readily synthesized from 6‐acetyl‐2‐naphthol and tert‐butyldimethylchlorosilane (TBSCl). The probe exhibits high sensitivity and good selectivity for fluoride ions in acetonitrile. The inherent mechanism involves the cleavage of the Si–O bond in the probe, which induced yellow color formation and prominent fluorescence enhancement. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contingent Resistances Methodology: Analyzing Resistance in Parents' and Daughters' Choice of an All‐Girl Middle School
Authors: Bell Nancy J , Corson Kimberly , Baron Emilia
Published: July 2013

Contemporary perspectives on dominance and resistance as multifaceted and dialogical call for a similarly dialogical methodology, as reflected in Saukko's concept of contingent resistances.

Compared to much of the past resistance research, contingent resistances sets forth an expanded vision of dialogicality in research design and in the interpretation of actor's meanings. Our purpose is to illustrate three implications of this methodology: (i) polyvocality—a comparison of perspectives of two groups of actors; (ii) consideration of the full range of meanings relevant to the action with particular attention to reactions from the local context; and (iii) interpretations of resistance that are firmly grounded in narrators' meanings. The analysis is based on interviews with parents and their young adolescent daughters about their decision to attend a new all‐girl college‐preparatory public school located in southwestern USA. Expanding on past studies of girls' school choice, we show how parents and daughters create different meanings of this decision, largely based on interactions with their peers. Although both parents and daughters emphasized academic opportunity as their main reason for the school choice, daughters, unlike parents, were confronted with violating peer femininity/heteronormativity norms. Thus, the decision required resistance on the part of daughters in a way that it did not for parents. We view contingent resistances as a useful methodological framework in a range of areas where questions of resistance are at stake. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Care Versus Control: The Identity Dilemmas of UK Homelessness Professionals Working in a Contract Culture
Authors: Renedo Alicia
Published: July 2013

UK voluntary and community sector organizations (VCOs) play a key role in caring for homeless people. However, there are widespread concerns about the impact of increasing government contracting on the quality of their services. This paper examines understandings of homelessness and identities as homelessness professionals, as expressed by VCO professionals. By so doing, it considers how ‘partnership working’ enables or undermines their capacities to care. The paper uses 24 in‐depth interviews and four focus groups with London‐based homelessness professionals. Professionals expressed deep tensions in their experience of their role. On one hand, they reported a deep ethical commitment to care and to develop quality supporting relationships to respond to their clients' complex needs. On the other, their capacity to care was undermined by their dependence on statutory resources and the controls this involved over the way VCOs delivered care. Professionals had to adjust to statutory monitoring frameworks and hard performance targets, which detached them from the human and intimate encounter with their clients and constrained their person‐centred caring interventions. The findings highlight the contradictory nature of contemporary systems of ‘joined up’ welfare that neglect the very human and complex nature of the issues that they were originally created to address. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Reporter System for Molecular Imaging and High‐Throughput Screening of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Xie Jingping , Wang Chunxia , Virostko John , Manning H. Charles , Pham Wellington , Bauer Joshua , Gore John C.
Published: July 2013

Apoptosis is irreversible programmed cell death, characterized by a cellular cascade activation of caspase 3, which subsequently degrades proteins and other components of cells with a motif sequence. Here we report a novel reporter system to detect apoptosis, growth arrest, and cell death based on controlled and self‐amplified protein degradation. The key element of the reporter system is an apoptotic sensor chimerical protein which consists of three components: procaspase 3, ubiquitin (Ub), and a strong consensus sequence of N‐degron. Between each of these units is a DEVD (Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp) sequence, which acts as the cleavage target of caspase 3. This non‐conventional signal loss approach is much more sensitive than other native methods that are based on signal gain. The superior sensitivity is demonstrated by its effective application in 386‐well high‐throughput screening (HTS) with low drug concentrations and a short incubation time. The HTS selection process using this reporter system is very simple and economic. The simplicity eliminates potential errors introduced by multiple steps; there is no need for any substrate. Furthermore, the cells in the assay need not be disrupted, and the morphology of the cells can provide additional information on mechanisms. After HTS, the intact cells can also be used for other analytic analysis. This system thus has a potentially important role in the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. It also appears to be very versatile, can be used both in vitro and in vivo with different linked reporter genes, and can be used for a variety of imaging applications.
Cost implications of treatment non‐completion in a forensic personality disorder service
Authors: Sampson Christopher James , James Marilyn , Huband Nick , Geelan Steve , McMurran Mary
Published: July 2013

Background

A high proportion of individuals admitted to specialist secure hospital services for treatment of personality disorder do not complete treatment. Non‐completion has been associated with poorer treatment outcomes and increased rates of recidivism and hospital readmission, when compared with individuals who do complete treatment or who do not receive treatment at all.

Aims

In this study, we sought to determine the economic consequences of non‐completion of treatment, using case study data from a secure hospital sample. Both health and criminal justice service perspectives were taken into account.

Methods

Data were collected from a medium secure hospital personality disorder unit. A probabilistic decision‐analytic model was constructed, using a Markov cohort simulation with 10,000 iterations. The expected cost differential between those who do and those who do not complete treatment was estimated, as was the probability of a cost differential over a 10‐year post‐admission time horizon.

Results

On average, in the first 10 years following admission, those who do not complete treatment go on to incur £52,000 more in costs to the National Health Service and criminal justice system than those who complete treatment. The model estimates that the probability that non‐completers incur greater costs than completers is 78%.

Conclusion

It is possible that an improvement in treatment completion rates in secure hospital personality disorder units would lead to some cost savings. This might be achievable through better selection into treatment or improved strategies for engagement and retention. Our study highlights a financial cost to society of individuals discharged from secure hospital care when incompletely treated. We suggest that it could, therefore, be useful for secure hospitals to introduce routine monitoring of treatment completion. © 2013 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Organozinc Reagents, Followed by Highly Enantioselective Chlorination
Authors: Olsson Susanne , Lennartson Anders , Håkansson Mikael
Published: July 2013

We report the absolute asymmetric synthesis (AAS) of indenylzinc reagents by using total spontaneous resolution followed by enantiospecific conversion into 1‐chloroindene. The chiral complex [Zn(dcp)(ind)(tmeda)] (dcp=2,6‐dichlorophenoxy and tmeda=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) (3) was prepared from the achiral starting materials indene, potassium, zinc chloride, TMEDA, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol. The reagent resolved spontaneously on crystallization, and single crystals of 3 react with N‐chlorosuccinimide in the presence of benzoquinone in 2‐propanol to give 1‐chloroindene in >98 % enantiomeric excess. It was found that (R)‐3 gave (R)‐1‐chloroindene upon reaction, indicating an SE2′‐mechanism. Since bulk samples of 3 gave optically active product upon chlorination, total spontaneous resolution must have occurred. This demonstrates that enantiopure products can be obtained through the absolute asymmetric synthesis of organometallic reagents starting from achiral materials. The general absolute asymmetric synthesis (AAS) method offers easy access to both enantiomers and an almost limitless variation in the design of the product.
Proton Catalysis in the Redox Responsivity of a Mini‐Sized Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Massaad Julie , Micheau Jean‐Claude , Coudret Christophe , Serpentini Charles Louis , Guirado Gonzalo
Published: July 2013

A thermally irreversible dithienylethene (DTE) photochrom can be turned into a thermally reversible one in presence of CuII triflate. A ring opening (DTEC closed→DTEO open) occurs through the formation of a copper‐containing fast transient intermediate. Stopped‐flow experiments monitored at 410 and 780 nm have allowed to show that the stoichiometry of this intermediate is DTE/Cu=1:1. At longer monitoring times (i.e., several seconds after mixing), the intermediate undergoes a slow decay while the residual DTEC closed form opens. A joint detailed kinetic and electrochemical analysis has unveiled a proton catalysis scenario in which electron transfer between DTEC and CuII, ligand exchange, protonation‐deprotonation equilibria of the cation radicals and ring opening are embedded into two main reaction cycles. At the beginning of the reaction, CuII is reduced into CuI and DTE is degraded without ring opening. Then, as the reaction progresses, the triflic acid released from the CuII reduction switches‐on a propagation cycle during which ring opens without any more CuII consumption. Cyclic voltammetry, spectro‐electrochemical measurements, delayed photocoloration experiments in presence of CuII and acid–base additions have confirmed the main features of the proton catalysis.
Experimental Investigation of Permeability in Case of Permeation of Saline Aquifers with CO2
Authors: Jeschke Samuel , Eggers Rudolf
Published: July 2013

Für die CCS‐Technologie (carbon dioxide capture and storage) ist die Bewertung von potenziellen Speicherhorizonten hinsichtlich möglicher Injektionsraten erforderlich. Die Ausbreitung des Kohlenstoffdioxids untertage ist im Wesentlichen von der Durchströmbarkeit des Speichergesteins und der Verdrängung des Porenfluids abhängig. Als Maß der Durchströmbarkeit einer porösen Struktur, im Fall der salinen Aquiferen verschiedene Sandsteine, wird die Permeabilität verwendet. Anhand unterschiedlicher Berechnungsansätze werden die experimentell ermittelten Daten ausgewertet und die Permeabilitäten im Vergleich zu bestehenden Pilotstandorten und kommerziellen Anlagen betrachtet.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N‐Substituted Sophocarpinic Acid Derivatives as Coxsackievirus B3 Inhibitors
Authors: Gao Li‐Mei , Tang Sheng , Wang Yan‐Xiang , Gao Rong‐Mei , Zhang Xin , Peng Zong‐Gen , Li Jian‐Rui , Jiang Jian‐Dong , Li Yu‐Huan , Song Dan‐Qing
Published: July 2013

A series of novel N‐substituted sophocarpinic acid derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti‐enteroviral activities against coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus type B6 (CVB6) in Vero cells. Structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that the introduction of a benzenesulfonyl moiety on the 12‐nitrogen atom in (E)‐β,γ‐sophocarpinic acid might significantly enhance anti‐CVB3 activity. Among the derivatives, (E)‐12‐N‐(m‐cyanobenzenesulfonyl)‐β,γ‐sophocarpinic acid (11 m), possessing a meta‐cyanobenzenesulfonyl group, exhibited potent activity against CVB3 with a selectivity index (SI) of 107. Furthermore, compound 11 m also showed a good oral pharmacokinetic profile, with an AUC value of 7.29 μM h−1 in rats, and good safety through the oral route in mice, with an LD50 value of >1000 mg kg−1; these values suggest a druggable characteristic. Therefore, compound 11 m was selected for further investigation as a promising CVB3 inhibitor. We consider (E)‐β,γ‐N‐(benzenesulfonyl)sophocarpinic acids to be a novel class of anti‐CVB3 agents.
Delivering high‐quality care to prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Anderson Christopher B. , Barocas Daniel A.
Published: July 2013

With more than 2 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States today, there is a demand for high‐quality survivorship care. It is hoped that physician‐led quality improvement collaboratives and the implementation of a written survivorship care plan will answer important questions about the clinical decision‐making process and improve the delivery of high‐quality survivorship care to all men treated for prostate cancer.
Endoglin promoter hypermethylation identifies a field defect in human primary esophageal cancer
Authors: Jin Zhe , Zhao Zhenfu , Cheng Yulan , Dong Ming , Zhang Xiaojing , Wang Liang , Fan Xinmin , Feng Xianling , Mori Yuriko , Meltzer Stephen J.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Endoglin (ENG) is a 180‐kilodalton transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a component of the transforming growth factor‐β receptor complex. Recently, ENG promoter hypermethylation was reported in several human cancers.

METHODS

The authors examined ENG promoter hypermethylation using real‐time, quantitative, methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction in 260 human esophageal tissues.

RESULTS

ENG hypermethylation demonstrated highly discriminative receiver operating characteristic curve profiles, clearly distinguishing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) from normal esophagus (P < .01). It is interesting to note that ENG normalized methylation values were significantly higher in ESCC compared with normal tissue (P < .01) or EAC (P < .01). The ENG hypermethylation frequency was 46.2% in ESCC and 11.9% in normal esophageal tissue, but increased early and sequentially during EAC‐associated neoplastic progression to 13.3% in Barrett metaplasia (BE), 25% in dysplastic BE, and 26.9% in frank EAC. ENG hypermethylation was significantly higher in normal esophageal tissue from patients with ESCC (mean, 0.0186) than in normal tissue from patients with EAC (mean, 0.0117; P < .05). Treatment of KYSE220 ESCC cells with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine was found to reverse ENG methylation and reactivate ENG mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONS

Promoter hypermethylation of ENG appears to be a frequent, tissue‐specific event in human ESCC and exhibits a field defect with promising biomarker potential for the early detection of ESCC. In addition, ENG hypermethylation occurs in a subset of human EAC, and early during BE‐associated esophageal neoplastic progression. Cancer 2013;119:3604–3609. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Clinical next‐generation sequencing successfully applied to fine‐needle aspirations of pulmonary and pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Young Geneva , Wang Kai , He Jie , Otto Geoff , Hawryluk Matthew , Zwirco Zac , Brennan Tina , Nahas Michelle , Donahue Amy , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Sheehan Christine E. , Boguniewicz Ann B. , Stephens Philip J. , Miller Vincent A. , Ross Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Next‐generation sequencing was performed on pulmonary and pancreatic fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) and on paired FNAs and resected primary tumors from the same patient.

METHODS

DNA was isolated in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cell blocks from 16 pulmonary FNAs, 23 pancreatic FNAs, and 5 resected pancreatic primary tumors. Next‐generation sequencing was performed for 4561 exons of 287 cancer‐related genes and for 47 introns of 19 genes on indexed, adaptor‐ligated, hybridization‐captured libraries using a proprietary sequencing system (the Illumina HiSeq 2000).

RESULTS

Genomic profiles were generated successfully from 16 of 16 (100%) pulmonary FNAs, which included 14 nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and 2 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). The NSCLC group included 6 adenocarcinomas, 5 squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 NSCLCs not otherwise specified. Genomic profiles were successfully obtained from 23 of 23 (100%) pancreatic FNAs and from 5 of 5 (100%) matched pancreatic primary tumors, which included 17 ductal adenocarcinomas, 3 mucinous adenocarcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas NOS, and 1 neuroendocrine tumor. Eighty‐one genomic alterations were identified in the 16 pulmonary FNAs (average, 5.1 genomic alterations per patient); and the most common genomic alterations were TP53, RB1, SOX2, PIK3CA, and KRAS. Eighty‐seven genomic alterations were identified in the 23 pancreatic tumor FNAs (average, 3.8 genomic alterations per patient); and the most common genomic alterations were KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A/B, SMAD4, and PTEN. Among the pancreatic tumors, there was 100% concordance of 20 genomic alterations that were identified in 5 patient‐matched FNA and surgical primary tumor pairs.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors were able to perform next‐generation sequencing reliably on FNAs of pulmonary and pancreatic tumors, and the genomic alterations discovered correlated well with those identified in matched resected pancreatic tumors. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:688–694. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A camera calibration method based on two orthogonal vanishing points
Authors: Lugang Zhao , Chengke Wu , Jifeng Ning
Published: July 2013

A camera calibration method based on the two vanishing points, which are orthogonal to each other, is presented in this paper. On the basis of the facts that the modulus constraint can provide an equation and that two equations can be obtained from two pairs of vanishing points, which are orthogonal to each other, the self‐calibration is quasilinearly realized. The experiment results with simulate data and real image sequences show that the presented method is efficient. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the scope of the Checkpoint‐on‐Failure protocol for forward recovery in standard MPI
Authors: Bland Wesley , Du Peng , Bouteiller Aurelien , Herault Thomas , Bosilca George , Dongarra Jack J.
Published: July 2013

Most predictions of exascale machines picture billion ways parallelism, encompassing not only millions of cores but also tens of thousands of nodes. Even considering extremely optimistic advances in hardware reliability, probabilistic amplification entails that failures will be unavoidable. Consequently, software fault tolerance is paramount to maintain future scientific productivity. Two major problems hinder ubiquitous adoption of fault tolerance techniques: (i) traditional checkpoint‐based approaches incur a steep overhead on failure free operations and (ii) the dominant programming paradigm for parallel applications (the message passing interface (MPI) Standard) offers extremely limited support of software‐level fault tolerance approaches. In this paper, we present an approach that relies exclusively on the features of a high quality implementation, as defined by the current MPI Standard, to enable advanced forward recovery techniques, without incurring the overhead of customary periodic checkpointing. With our approach, when failure strikes, applications regain control to make a checkpoint before quitting execution. This checkpoint is in reaction to the failure occurrence rather than periodic. This checkpoint is reloaded in a new MPI application, which restores a sane environment for the forward, application‐based recovery technique to repair the failure‐damaged dataset. The validity and performance of this approach are evaluated on large‐scale systems, using the QR factorization as an example. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Contribution of Water Molecules in the Spontaneous Release of Protein by Graphene Sheets
Authors: Liang Li‐Jun , Wang Qi , Wu Tao , Sun Tian‐Yang , Kang Yu
Published: July 2013

Applications of graphene sheets in the fields of biosensors and biomedical devices are limited by the aqueous solubility of graphene. Consequently, understanding the role of water molecules in the aggregation or dispersion of graphene in aqueous solution with a biomolecule is of vital importance to its application. Herein, protein is spontaneously released by the layer‐to‐layer aggregation of two single‐layer graphene sheets due to van der Waals force between the sheets. The properties of water molecules, including density and dynamics, are discussed in detail. The dynamic behavior of aggregation of graphene sheets is triggered by the dynamics of water molecules. To stabilize dispersed graphene sheets in aqueous solution, the density of water molecules between the graphene sheets should be larger than 0.83 g cm−3, and graphene modified by hydroxyl groups could be a good choice. The stability of a model protein on the graphene sheet is studied to investigate the biological compatibility of graphene sheets. To be a material with good biocompatibility, graphene should be functionalized by hydrophilic groups. The results presented herein could be helpful in the research and application of graphene sheets in the fields of biomaterials, biosensors, and biomedical devices.
Enhancing the Deperoxidation Activity of Cobalt(II)Acetylacetonate by the Addition of Octanoic Acid
Authors: Spier Eyal , Hermans Ive
Published: July 2013

The homolytic scission of peroxides with catalytic amounts of cobalt(II) complexes is used in several industrial oxidation processes. In this contribution, we report that addition of small amounts of octanoic acid significantly enhances the catalytic deperoxidation activity of the cobalt(II)acetylacetonate complex. We attribute this to the stabilization of the CoOOR bond upon coordination of octanoic acid, preventing the unimolecular scission. As such, the cobalt peroxo intermediate is forced to enter an alternative catalytic cycle which causes its rapid conversion to the highly reactive cobalt hydroxy. This shift in catalytic cycle results in a higher pre‐exponential rate factor, over‐compensating the higher barrier of the new rate‐determining step.
Determinants of Health and Disability in Ageing Population: The COURAGE in Europe Project (Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe)
Authors: Leonardi Matilde , Chatterji Somnath , Koskinen Seppo , Ayuso‐Mateos Jose Luis , Haro Josep Maria , Frisoni Giovanni , Frattura Lucilla , Martinuzzi Andrea , Tobiasz‐Adamczyk Beata , Gmurek Michal , Serrano Ramon , Finocchiaro Carla ,   on behalf of COURAGE in Europe Project's Consortium
Published: July 2013

COURAGE in Europe was a 3‐year project involving 12 partners from four European countries and the World Health Organization. It was inspired by the pressing need to integrate international studies on disability and ageing in light of an innovative perspective based on a validated data‐collection protocol. COURAGE in Europe Project collected data on the determinants of health and disability in an ageing population, with specific tools for the evaluation of the role of the built environment and social networks on health, disability, quality of life and well‐being. The main survey was conducted by partners in Finland, Poland and Spain where the survey has been administered to a sample of 10 800 persons, which was completed in March 2012. The newly developed and validated COURAGE Protocol for Ageing Studies has proven to be a valid tool for collecting comparable data in ageing population, and the COURAGE in Europe Project has created valid and reliable scientific evidence, demonstrating cross‐country comparability, for disability and ageing research and policy development. It is therefore recommended that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use the COURAGE‐derived methodology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

COURAGE in Europe Project collected data on the determinants of health and disability in an ageing population, with specific tools for the evaluation of the role of built environment and social networks on health, disability quality of life and well‐being.

The COURAGE Protocol for Ageing Studies has proven to be a valid tool for collecting comparable data in the ageing population.

The COURAGE in Europe Consortium recommends that future studies exploring determinants of health and disability in ageing use COURAGE‐derived methodology.
Formation of the Matrix‐Isolated Difluoromethylselanes XCF2SeH (X = H, Cl) Through Photolysis of Selenoacetic Acids, XCF2C(O)SeH
Authors: Gómez Castaño Jovanny A. , Romano Rosana M. , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge , Della Védova Carlos O.
Published: July 2013

Two hitherto unknown difluoromethylselanes, HCF2SeH and ClCF2SeH, were formed by photolysis of difluoroselenoacetic and chlorodifluoroselenoacetic acids isolated in solid argon. The progress of the photolysis was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The photoproducts were identified by comparison of experimental with theoretically predicted spectra and reported spectra for known species. The photochemical decomposition mechanisms of HCF2C(O)SeH and ClCF2C(O)SeH is presented.
Switchable Biosensor Controlled by Biocatalytic Process
Authors: Basso Caroline R. , Santos Bruna L. , Pedrosa Valber A.
Published: July 2013

The poly(dimethylamino methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brush‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was used to test the switch properties of interfacial activity caused by bioelectrochemical signals. The swelling of the polymer brushes increased when the medium’s pH changed from alkaline to acid after glucose was added to the system. A pH change generated in situ by means of biocatalytic reactions enabled bioelectrocatalytic interface’s reversible activation.