bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN ARSITEKTUR REST API UNTUK INTEGRASI DATA REAL-TIME PADA WEBSITE PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS UDARA LAHAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Bramantyo Satrio Bisma , Dewi Ika Novita , Reza Ivan Muhammad , Saputra Filmada Ocky , Hasibuan Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2025

Transformasi teknologi dalam sektor pertanian semakin berkembang dengan adopsi perangkat Internet of Things (IoT) yang mampu menghasilkan data real-time terkait kualitas udara, seperti konsentrasi CO2, NO2, dan CH4. Meskipun data yang dihasilkan sangat berharga, namun tantangan besar masih dihadapi dalam hal penyimpanan dan manajemen data yang terfragmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan arsitektur REST API yang mampu mengintegrasikan perangkat IoT, basis data, dan antarmuka pengguna dalam bentuk website pemantauan kualitas udara lahan pertanian. REST API digunakan untuk memvalidasi, memproses, dan memformat data yang kemudian dikirimkan ke pusat database melalui protokol HTTP standar (GET, POST). Selain itu, protokol WebSocket diterapkan untuk memastikan komunikasi dua arah yang memungkinkan transmisi data secara real-time antara perangkat IoT dan antarmuka pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur ini mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat dan cepat kepada petani, mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih baik dalam pengelolaan lahan, serta berkontribusi pada pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MEKANIKA DAN DINAMIKA PADA ROBOT EDUKASI BERBASIS IOT DAN ESP32
Authors: Rofi'i Ahmad , Purnomo Fendik Eko , Nari Muhammad Irwan , Kautsar Syamsiar , Winardi Aditya Wahyu , Putri Salsabila Liandra , Afianah Nuzula , Fanani Nurul Zainal , Alfiansyah Faisal Luthfi , Koesacep HAP , Nafsiyah Haniatun , Kindi Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Fokus penelitian adalah mengembangkan mekanika dan dinamika pada robot edukasi berbasis IoT dan ESP32. Selain juga  untuk memperkenalkan robotika sebagai media yang efektif dalam pembelajaran. Robot ini memiliki sistem penggerak diferensial dan lengan pengangkat yang mirip dengan sistem forklift. Robot ini dikontrol menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan terhubung ke aplikasi Android melalui basis data cloud Firebase. Dengan memanfaatkan platform IoT, pelatihan dapat dilakukan secara daring, yang memungkinkan siswa untuk mengendalikan robot dari jarak jauh saat robot berada di lokasi pelatihan. Robot pengangkut dirancang untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar robotika yang interaktif dan langsung, yang memungkinkan siswa untuk memahami konsep dasar dalam robotika, pemrograman, dan sistem kontrol. Sistem penggerak diferensial menawarkan kemampuan manuver yang sangat baik, sementara lengan pengangkat memungkinkan robot untuk melakukan tugas-tugas seperti mengangkat dan memindahkan objek, yang menambahkan aspek fungsional pada proses pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa robot bekerja dengan baik di bawah kendali daring, dengan respons yang cepat dan akurat terhadap perintah dari aplikasi Android. Penggunaan Firebase memastikan komunikasi yang stabil dan waktu nyata antara robot dan aplikasi. Implementasi ini tidak hanya meningkatkan aksesibilitas pelatihan robotika tetapi juga memungkinkan pengembangan keterampilan dengan cara yang lebih fleksibel dan terjangkau. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa robot transporter berbasis ESP32 dengan kontrol daring melalui aplikasi Android dan basis data cloud Firebase dapat menjadi alat pembelajaran yang efektif dan inovatif. Ini mendukung pengembangan keterampilan teknis dan pemahaman praktis siswa tentang robotika, menyediakan landasan yang kuat untuk studi lebih lanjut dalam teknologi dan teknik. Kinerja robot yang menjanjikan dalam pengaturan kontrol daring menyoroti potensinya sebagai sumber daya pendidikan yang berharga dalam lingkungan pembelajaran modern
Synergistic effects of seaweed extract presoaking and foliar spray on the performance of paddy improved kavuni (CO 57)
Authors: Elamparithi R , Sujatha K , Alex Albert V , Sivakumar T , Gurusamy A , Mini M L
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop and a primary source of sustenance for more than half of the world's population. Seed treatments and foliar applications have emerged as effective methods to enhance growth and yield attributes. In this study, improved kavuni (CO 57) seeds were used for a field experiment conducted during the Samba season (2023). The experiment was designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments and three replications, focusing on foliar spray applications. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of Sargassum myricocystum, Kappaphycus alvarezii methanol extract and foliar spray on rice growth and productivity. The results revealed that the combined application of presoaking seeds in 0.5 % Sargassum myricocystum methanol extract with a foliar spray of 2.5 % seaweed extract at the panicle initiation and flowering stages (T1F2) significantly enhanced plant growth and yield parameters. Higher plant height (121 cm), leaf area index (4.85), dry matter production (5180 kg ha- ¹), productive tillers (281 m- ²), filled seeds per panicle (170), 1000 seed weight (22.34 g), seed yield (4552 kg ha- ¹) and straw yield (6370 kg ha- ¹) were recorded under T1F2 compared to other treatments. The use of organic input seaweed extracts, improved plant quality and yield sustainably without harming the natural ecosystem. This study highlights the significant potential of seaweed extracts in enhancing overall crop performance, leading to optimal plant growth characteristics and yield attributes. The findings emphasise the role of organic inputs in promoting sustainable agriculture, contributing to environmental conservation while supporting food security.
Vista Eyes
Authors: Kurani Prachit
Published: February 2025

This project aims at designing and developing an augmented reality application which will enable us to visualize and debug networks using an overlay of network information on the network devices. We propose an augmented reality technique to achieve this. Using 2D/3D image tracking offered by various libraries, the network devices can be identified by the system. Once the device is identified, it can be queried for various network parameters such as ping response time, number of open connections, amount of data transferred per second, number of network interfaces etc. The data can then be aggregated and analyzed. Once analysis is completed, visual representations of this data can be streamed to a VR device such as the Oculus/google cardboard. The oculus/cardboard then overlays this data on the network device itself.
Rebuilding Ukraine from a South Korean Perspective: Sharing Experience and Pursuing Shared Growth
Authors: Hong Sogu
Published: February 2025

The goal of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing global discussion on participation in the reconstruction of Ukraine, and it focuses on the following three topics: First, this study shares the experiences and lessons learned from the post-war recovery of South Korea and explains its position on the reconstruction project in Ukraine. Second, this study examines the discussions on postwar reconstruction of Ukraine that are taking place in the international community and identify the direction of reconstruction in Ukraine. Third, it investigates the scale, field, and direction of Korea's support for Ukraine and analyze its characteristics and limitations. Finally, it proposes ways to participate in reconstruction projects that can be helpful to the Korean government, companies, and Ukraine.
The Key to Effective UDF Optimization: Before Inlining, First Perform Outlining
Authors: Arch Samuel , Liu Yuchen , Mowry Todd C. , Patel Jignesh M. , Pavlo Andrew
Published: February 2025

Although user-defined functions (UDFs) are a popular way to augment SQL's declarative approach with procedural code, the mismatch between programming paradigms creates a fundamental optimization challenge. UDF inlining automatically removes all UDF calls by replacing them with equivalent SQL subqueries. Although inlining leaves queries entirely in SQL (resulting in large performance gains), we observe that inlining the entire UDF often leads to sub-optimal performance. A better approach is to analyze the UDF, deconstruct it into smaller pieces, and inline only the pieces that help query optimization. To achieve this, we propose UDF outlining, a technique to intentionally hide pieces of a UDF from the optimizer, resulting in simpler UDFs and significantly faster query plans. Our implementation (PRISM) demonstrates that UDF outlining improves performance over conventional inlining (on average 1.29× speedup for DuckDB and 298.73× for SQL Server) through a combination of more effective unnesting, improved data skipping, and by avoiding unnecessary joins.
Effects of Ca(OH)2 on mechanical damage and energy evolution characteristics of limestone adsorbed with H2S
Authors: Cheng Yugang , Yang Jinjie , Zeng Mengru , Cheng Liang , Zhang Xuefu , Hao Yong , Hu Bo , Du Xidong
Published: February 2025

The occurrence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas gusher accidents is a worrying engineering disaster during tunnel construction travel through stratum adsorbed with H2S. To mitigate the risks associated with H2S, alkaline solutions are applied within the tunnel and injected into the rock mass ahead of the tunnel face to neutralize and eliminate the adsorbed H2S. Samples from the Huangjiagou tunnel in southwestern China are systematically investigated to understand the interaction between H2S-adsorbed limestone and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solutions at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5%. The results indicate that exposure of the limestone to Ca(OH)2 solution leads to the erosion of aluminum silicate minerals and the subsequent precipitation of potassium feldspar crystals. The uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the limestone decreased by 48.82 and 28.31%, respectively, following an exponential trend as the concentration of Ca(OH)2 solution increased. Additionally, an increase in the number of abrupt energy changes detected via acoustic emission is observed in limestone treated with higher concentrations of alkaline solutions. Energy evolution analysis indicates that alkaline-treated limestone exhibits significantly enhanced energy dissipation capacity during the loading process, making dissipative energy more likely to dominate.
Structure and physical properties of BioPBS melt-blown nonwovens
Authors: Chmielewska-Pruska Karolina , Szparaga Grzegorz , Figiel Paweł , Puchalski Michał
Published: February 2025

In this study, the effect of melt-blown parameters on the properties of nonwovens manufactured from novel, commercially available biobased polybutylene succinate (BioPBS) was investigated. The research focused on the structure, surface, and mechanical properties. The parameters of processing, such as the air temperature (240 and 200°C) and die-to-collector distance (−40 cm), were evaluated in order to determine their impact on the prepared materials. Analyzing the effect of changes in the process parameters on individual fiber properties, it was noticed that the reduction of air temperature from 240 to 200°C results in an increase in the fiber diameter, which directly affects other physical properties such as apparent density and air permeability. In addition, the differences in the surface structure of nonwovens were determined. The investigation clearly shows that the obtained nonwovens can be characterized by various roughness sides with an insignificant impact on the friction and contact angle values. The mechanical tests suggest the influence of the supramolecular structure of PBS on the elongation and tenacity of the materials. The structure of the obtained nonwovens is different from the known characteristic nonwoven structure obtained by the melt-blown method from conventional polymers but can be useful in agricultural or horticultural applications.
Optimized model formulation through product mix scheduling for profit maximization in the apparel industry
Authors: Abeje Andualem Asmamaw , Abtew Mulat Alubel , Kasie Fentahun Moges , Seid Bahredin Abdella
Published: February 2025

Nowadays modern apparel industry encounters numerous challenges, including the dynamic nature of the market and the increasing customer demand for product variety. This drives fashion industries to diversify their product range, intensifying competition and leading to the production of a wide range of products in a single factory. Hence, implementing a systematic method and/or model to ascertain optimal product mix combinations within a garment factory becomes pivotal for informed decision-making. The current research aims to formulate a model to manage the available resources and improve overall operational efficiency through optimal product mix and production scheduling. The case study took place at CBA Garments Factory PLC in Ethiopia, which aimed to produce multiple garments but ultimately manufactured only one product at a time. The research employed quantitative research through analyzing data, general sewing data system, utilizing sequencing and scheduling approaches, and employing simple integer linear programming modeling tools. Based on the result, the newly developed optimized model enabled the case company to produce an average of four product types to fulfil multiple orders and increase resource utilization from 19.6% to an average of 73%.
Unlocking chemistry calculation proficiency: uncovering student struggles and flipped classroom benefits
Authors: Rusek Martin
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the challenges first-year bachelor teacher students (N = 24 in experimental and 36 in the control group) face in basic chemistry calculations, a critical aspect of chemistry education. This study investigated the effectiveness of a flipped-classroom model in a Chemistry Calculations course for pre-service teachers during the pandemic-induced shift to online education. A control group, which experienced traditional in-person instruction, and an experimental group, which experienced the flipped-classroom model, were compared. The students’ progress was measured through pre- and post-tests covering five types of chemical calculations, and interviews with 12 students provided additional insights. Results indicated that while students generally handle calculations involving composition of solutions well, they struggle with pH calculations, mixing equations, and balancing chemical equations. The study identified lack of attention to these topics in some secondary schools and students’ difficulties with mathematical concepts as key factors in these challenges. This research aims to guide undergraduate instructors in optimising course content to address these issues, thereby improving students’ performance, and reducing dropout rates. It highlights the need for further investigation into the teaching of chemistry calculations at the secondary level.
Mass rearing protocol and density trials of Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of air potato
Authors: Murray Rosemary B. , Hahn Philip G. , Menocal Octavio
Published: February 2025

Lilioceris egena (Weise) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an approved classical biological control agent that feeds on the aerial reproductive structures (i.e., bulbils) of the invasive air potato vine in Florida. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, has mass-produced and released over 100,000 beetles since 2021. Mass rearing can be challenging for highly specialized herbivores like L. egena. Therefore, we present a detailed protocol to mass rear L. egena under laboratory settings. This protocol ensures consistent production of approximately 675 beetles per month/colony for research and field applications while maintaining efficiency and affordability. Additionally, we determined how the number of mating pairs and the condition of air potato bulbils (whole or bisected) used in the mass rearing system influenced the number of adults produced. Results showed that 17 mating pairs per bulbil (of approximately 150 g) was an optimal beetle density to maximize beetle production and maintain a healthy colony. The condition of bulbils utilized did not influence the number of adults produced. This protocol can be adopted by integrated pest management (IPM) and master gardener programs, universities, and regulatory agencies in other southeastern states currently facing air potato infestations.
Enhanced synthesis of fly ash-derived hydrated sodium silicate adsorbents via low-temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment for advanced environmental applications
Authors: Zhu Yeqing , Huang Xiaojun , Yu Tianxiang , Liu Kun , Zhang Meng
Published: February 2025

The fly ash (FA) is one of the large amount of solid wastes stored in China. Because of its low price, large specific surface area, and surface electronegativity, reasonable modification can turn FA into treasure, prepared as an adsorption material with good adsorption performance. In this article, the industrial solid waste FA is used as raw material, and the FA-based sodium aluminosilicate was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal alkali dissolution method and characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer Emmett Teller, and other test methods. The results show that (1) aluminum silicate sodium hydrate can be synthesized by low-temperature method under atmospheric pressure to form P-type zeolite and calcite structure. (2) Alkali concentration, temperature, and reaction time affect the structure of aluminosilicate sodium hydrate. With the increase of alkali concentration, temperature, and reaction time, the product changes from P-type zeolite to calite structure. (3) The optimal synthesis condition of FA for sodium aluminosilicate hydrate is as follows: the concentration of NaOH solution is 4 mol·L−1, the dissolution temperature is 80°C, the reaction time is 21 h, and the specific surface area is 60.54 m2·g−1.
Effect of cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine alone, caffeine or their combination on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in an experimentally-induced Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hamdy Soha Mohamed , Elsayed Nada Ahmed , Youness Eman R. , Elesh Heba Mohamed Rabie , Abdel-Salam Omar M. E.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To investigate the effect of orally administered cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (citicholine) (50,100,200 mg/kg), α-tocopherol (Vit E; 25 mg/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg), L-dopa (25 mg/kg) or the combination of Vit E, caffeine with citicholine (100 mg/kg) on nigrostriatal neuronal damage induced in the mice brain by subcutaneous (s.c.) rotenone.

Methods

Swiss male mice received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c, three times per week) alone or with other drugs for 2 weeks. Mice were evaluated for brain malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), interlukin-1beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). Histopathologic examination was also done.

Results

Cticholine co-treatment at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg significantly decreased brain MDA and increased PON-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner. When given at 200 mg/kg, it also significantly decreased NO production, while at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly increased GSH brain. MCP-1 significantly decreased upon treatment with 100 or 200 mg/kg of citicholine. IL-1 β and NF-κB significantly decreased and AChE significantly increased by 200 mg/kg citicholine. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers also showed favorable changes after Vit E, caffeine or L-dopa. However, the combination of Vit E and/or caffeine with 100 mg/kg citicholine was not superior to that of only citicholine at 100 or 200 mg/kg.

Conclusions

Citicholine is neuroprotective in acute rotenone nigrostriatal degeneration via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is suggested that citicholine may have a role in treatment of Parkinson’s disease by decreasing neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, preventing the development of neuronal damage.
Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
Authors: Kahraman Feyza Ustabaş , Demir Ayşegül Doğan , Yazıcı Mebrure , Çakır Fatma Betül , Temel Hayrettin , Çollak Abdülhamit , Erenberk Ufuk
Published: February 2025

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D replacement therapy on sleep habits in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Methods

The study was conducted between September 1, 2018, and September 1, 2019, at the Pediatrics outpatient clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University. 46 cases with RLS and 43 healthy controls between these dates were included in the study. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnare was filled out retrospectively by parents.

Results

While vitamin D supplementation was given to 20 children with RLS who were found to have vitamin D deficiency, the 26 patients without vitamin D deficiency did not receive supplementation. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of gender, age, and pre-treatment sleep habits. Compared to the pre-treatment period, post-treatment bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep anxiety, parasomnias, daytime sleepiness, and CSHQ total score were significantly improved in RLS cases with vitamin D deficiency. There were no significant differences in RLS patients without vitamin D supplementation. Other comparisons also showed no difference between groups.

Conclusion

There was no difference between the sleep habits of RLS cases with and without vitamin D deficiency. Sleep habits improved positively after vitamin D supplementation in patients with vitamin D deficiency compared to the pre-treatment period. There was no difference in the sleeping habits of RLS patients without vitamin D deficiency during the same period. Vitamin D supplementation can improve sleep habits in patients with RLS.
Synthesis and crystal structure poly[diaqua(μ
3-3-(((7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl) methyl)ammonio)propanoate-κ
3
O:O′:O″) sodium(I)] monohydrate, C20H24NNaO12S
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Wang Yan-Ping , Sun Qing-Yan , Luo Ze-Ping
Published: February 2025

C20H24NNaO12S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.3424(5) Å, b = 9.2619(2) Å, c = 16.1782(5) Å, β = 115.163(4)°, V = 2216.38(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt (F) = 0.0368, wR
ref (F
2) = 0.1024, T = 100 K.
Examining the scarcity of oncology healthcare providers in cancer management: A case study of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Willie Michael Mncedisi
Published: February 2025

Background

The scarcity of oncology specialists poses a significant challenge globally, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources. This leads to delayed diagnoses and disparities in care. The shortage of oncology services disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, leading to delays in diagnosis, treatment, and poorer outcomes.

Aim

This study investigates the implications of oncology resource scarcity, focusing on South Africa’s Eastern Cape province, aiming to analyse challenges, interventions, and lessons from other countries.

Method

This review study employed a mixed-method research design encompassing an empirical literature review and case study approach. It drew on existing research and data to analyse the impact of oncology resource scarcity on patient care.

Results

Cancer-related mortality in the province remains considerable, with lung cancer emerging as a leading cause, underscoring the need for comprehensive cancer control strategies. Infrastructure disparities between urban and rural areas compound the challenges, with limited access to oncology facilities and specialists in remote regions.

Conclusion

Urgent action is needed to address oncology resource scarcity to improve cancer care outcomes, particularly in underserved regions. Targeted interventions and lessons from other countries can enhance access to quality oncology services and reduce disparities in care.

Contribution

This study’s findings have significant implications for South African health policy, particularly regarding the urgent scarcity of oncology resources. The critical shortage of oncology specialists in underserved areas like the Eastern Cape underscores the necessity for a comprehensive strategy to enhance cancer care.
Explicit exact solutions and bifurcation analysis for the mZK equation with truncated M-fractional derivatives utilizing two reliable methods
Authors: Malingam Pim , Wongsasinchai Paiwan , Sirisubtawee Sekson
Published: February 2025

The

(

2
+
1

)

\left(2+1)

-dimensional modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) partial differential equation is of importance as a model for phenomena in various physical fields such as discrete electrical lattices, electrical waves in cold plasmas, nonlinear optical waves, deep ocean-waves, and the propagation of solitary gravity waves. In this study, the main objective is to give a detailed analysis of exact traveling wave solutions of the mZK equation with truncated M-fractional spatial–temporal partial derivatives. Using an appropriate traveling wave transformation and the homogeneous balance rule, the mZK equation is converted into a corresponding ordinary differential equation (ODE). The

(

G
′
∕
G
,
1
∕
G

)

\left(G^{\prime} /G,1/G)

-expansion and Sardar subequation methods are then used to derive exact solutions of the ODE in the form of functions such as hyperbolic, trigonometric, and special generalized hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. The two methods give some novel solutions of the proposed model and are presented here for the first time. The fractional-order effects are studied through numerical simulations, including three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D), and contour plots. These numerical simulations clearly show physical interpretations of selected solutions. In particular, the generalized hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions that have been derived by the Sardar subequation method are important as they provide examples of exact traveling wave solutions of various physical types. Furthermore, the results include examples of bifurcations and chaotic behaviors of the model through 2D and 3D plots when parameter values are varied. Finally, the methods of solution described in this study are reliable, powerful, and efficient and can be recommended to obtain traveling wave solutions of other nonlinear partial differential equations with truncated M-fractional derivatives.
Optical and laser damage resistance: Role of periodic cylindrical surfaces
Authors: Li Yuan , Su Junhong
Published: February 2025

Traditional laser thin film optical components are specially designed layered structures made of two or more materials. However, as the number of layers increases, the anti-laser damage ability of the optical elements is significantly reduced. In this study, a single-layer structured surface is designed to have better optical transmittance than its homogeneous substrate. It also shows potential advantages in laser damage resistance applications. The transmittance and laser damage morphology of periodic cylindrical surfaces and their uniform substrates using a combination of experimental and simulation methods are examined. According to ISO21254, the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the structured surface and the uniform substrate were measured on a 1-on-1 irradiation of a 1,064 nm laser with a pulse width of 10 ns. The measured LIDT values were (15.3 ± 1.15) J/cm2 for the structured surface and (15.2 ± 1.09) J/cm2 for the uniform substrate. The damaged morphology of the structured surface was analyzed using a polarizing microscope to study its periodic distribution. Additionally, the electric field distribution on the surface of the structure and its uniform substrate was simulated using the finite element method. The results indicate that the damage characteristics of the structured surface are influenced by the surface structure, and the presence of the structure influences the energy distribution of laser deposition. This study serves as a valuable reference for further research into the laser damage mechanism of structured surfaces.
With Agrivoltaics Cooperatives towards Electricity Self-Sufficient Villages in Germany?
Authors: Bauknecht Martin
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to examine a new business opportunity for energy cooperatives: Integration of agrivoltaics and energy sharing allows an electricity selfsufficient village. The development of energy cooperatives presents a viable path toward decentralized and sustainable energy systems. Agrivoltaics, which combines agricultural with solar energy production, emerges as a pivotal strategy for establishing electricity self-sufficient villages. Solar Package I law provides the foundational regulatory and financial framework to promote agrivoltaics installations, enhancing both food and electricity production on the same land. Building on this, Solar Package II is crucial for facilitating energy sharing within energy cooperatives, enabling communities to trade and utilize locally produced energy efficiently. A robust business model for electricity self-sufficient villages has been developed, focusing on integrating renewable energy sources, implementing advanced energy storage solutions, and fostering local energy markets. This model emphasizes local power generation, significantly reducing the need for extensive and costly grid infrastructure investments across Germany. By empowering local communities through energy cooperatives and leveraging innovative solutions like agrivoltaics and energy sharing, this approach not only enhances energy security and sustainability but also stimulates local economies and promotes community resilience.
Couples Have a Way of Speaking: Examining the Characteristics and Stability of Communication Style in HIV Testing Sessions With Male Couples
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Amin Lila A. , Parker Jayelin N.
Published: February 2025

Couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC) emerged as an early HIV prevention intervention for male couples in the US. Understanding how couples speak to a testing counselor may enhance CHTC training and delivery. Raters analyzed CHTC sessions involving 66 adult cisgender male couples and noted three distinct styles. When co-speaking, partners collaborated in the construction of a shared response, often using plural pronouns. Parallel speaking involved partners sharing individual perspectives in turn, often using singular pronouns. The spokesperson style was typified by one partner consistently speaking first and saying more. Most (65.1%) couples adopted a consistent style. The majority of these were co-speaking (72.1%). Fewer had a consistent spokesperson (18.6%) or parallel speaking style (9.3%). Where observed, style changes often accompanied shifts in topic or in the CHTC counselor's attention. A couple's communication style may provide CHTC counselors with information about partners’ familiarity with each other's perspectives as well as relationship power. Implications for rapport building and engagement are discussed.
Using Graphics as an Alternative to Written Instructions: Adapting Oral Self-Implemented Test Instructions for Tanzanian Youth
Authors: Alidina Zainab , Dolcini M. Margaret , Huun Cassidy , Urban Angelmary Joel , Fleury Nick , Singh Ryan , Conserve Donaldson F. , Ndyetabula Clinton , Catania Joseph A.
Published: February 2025

In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV is the leading cause of death among 15-24-year-olds. Tanzanian youth rank fifth in HIV prevalence, yet testing rates are low. Dissemination of oral HIV self-implemented tests (Oral-SIT) may improve access if tests are coupled with graphic instructions to address low literacy. This study analyzed how a graphic instruction book (GIB) alone, compared to a GIB combined with an instructional video (GIB-video), affected comprehension of the Oral-SIT kit procedures. In a randomized experiment (N = 257; 14-19 yrs), we analyzed misunderstandings of testing procedures across the two study arms. Participants in the GIB-only condition reported more misunderstandings (59%) than in the GIB-video condition (41%). Fifty-eight percent of misunderstandings contained major errors, though most centered on a few graphics. Fewer than 6% of participants had four or more misunderstandings. Overall, the GIB was comprehended well and with modifications, could enhance Oral-SIT fidelity in low-literacy settings.
MEDiCINe: Motion Correction for Neural Electrophysiology Recordings
Authors: Watters Nicholas , Buccino Alessio , Jazayeri Mehrdad
Published: February 2025

Electrophysiology recordings from the brain using laminar multielectrode arrays allow researchers to measure the activity of many neurons simultaneously. However, laminar microelectrode arrays move relative to their surrounding neural tissue for a variety of reasons, such as pulsation, changes in intracranial pressure, and decompression of neural tissue after insertion. Inferring and correcting for this motion stabilizes the recording and is critical to identify and track single neurons across time. Such motion correction is a preprocessing step of standard spike sorting methods. However, estimating motion robustly and accurately in electrophysiology recordings is challenging due to the stochasticity of the neural data. To tackle this problem, we introduceMEDiCINe(MotionEstimation byDistributionalContrastiveInference forNeurophysiology), a novel motion estimation method. We show that MEDiCINe outperforms existing motion estimation methods on an extensive suite of simulated neurophysiology recordings and leads to more accurate spike sorting. We also show that MEDiCINe accurately estimates the motion in primate and rodent electrophysiology recordings with a variety of motion and stability statistics. We open-source MEDiCINe, usage instructions, examples integrating MEDiCINe with common tools for spike-sorting, and data and code for reproducing our results. This open software will enable other researchers to use MEDiCINe to improve spike sorting results and get the most out of their electrophysiology datasets.

Significance StatementRecent advances in high-density microelectrode arrays such as Neuropixels have allowed neurophysiologists to record from hundreds of neurons simultaneously. Such data scale necessitates automatic isolation and tracking of individual neurons throughout a recording session, a process called “spike sorting”. One challenge for automated spike sorting algorithms is relative motion between the electrodes and the brain, which must be corrected to stabilize the recording. We introduce a method for estimating such motion in neural recordings. Our method outperforms existing motion estimation methods and produces more accurate spike sorting on a benchmark of simulated datasets with known ground-truth motion. Our method also performs well on primate neurophysiology datasets. We open-source our method and instructions for integrating it into common spike sorting pipelines.
Kv4.2 regulates basal synaptic strength by inhibiting R-type calcium channels in the hippocampus
Authors: Lee Seung Yeon , Shin Jiwoo , Kwon Min Jeong , Kim Yujin , Ho Won-Kyung , Lee Suk-Ho
Published: February 2025

Kv4.2 subunits, which mediate transient A-type K+current, are crucial in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic responses within the hippocampus. While their contribution to activity-dependent regulation of synaptic response is well-established, the impact of Kv4.2 on basal synaptic strength remains elusive. To address this gap, we introduced Kv4.2-specific antibody (anti-Kv4.2) into hippocampal neurons of mouse of both sexes to selectively inhibit postsynaptic Kv4.2, enabling direct examination of its impact on excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and currents (EPSCs) during basal synaptic activity. Our results demonstrated that blocking Kv4.2 significantly enhanced the amplitude of EPSPs. This amplification was proportional to the increase in the amplitude of EPSCs, which, in turn, correlated with the expression level of Kv4.2 in dendritic regions of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the anti-Kv4.2-induced increase in EPSC amplitude was associated with a decrease in the failure rate of EPSCs evoked by minimal stimulation, suggesting that blocking Kv4.2 facilitates the recruitment of AMPA receptors to both silent and functional synapses to enhance synaptic efficacy. The anti-Kv4.2-induced synaptic potentiation was effectively abolished by intracellular 10 mM BAPTA or by blocking R-type calcium channels (RTCCs) and downstream signaling molecules, including protein kinase A and C. Importantly, Kv4.2 inhibition did not occlude further synaptic potentiation induced by high frequency stimulation, suggesting that anti-Kv4.2 induced synaptic strengthening involves unique mechanisms that are distinct from long-term potentiation pathways. Taken together, these findings underscore the essential role of Kv4.2 in the regulation of basal synaptic strength, which is mediated by inhibition of RTCCs.

Significance StatementSynaptic transmission is mediated primarily by AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and there has been considerable interest in elucidating the mechanisms underlying their recruitment during activity-dependent synaptic strengthening. However, the mechanism by which basal synaptic strength is regulated remains elusive. Here, we show that blocking postsynaptic Kv4.2 enhances AMPAR-mediated currents in hippocampal neurons, and that this enhancement is mediated by the signaling mechanisms involving R-type Ca2+channels, protein kinases A and C. Importantly, Kv4.2 inhibition did not occlude activity-dependent synaptic potentiation, suggesting its specific influence in regulating synaptic AMPARs under basal conditions. Thus, our study highlights the critical function of Kv4.2 in regulating Ca2+signaling at subthreshold potentials, thereby regulating basal synaptic strength.
MULTIPLE DISTINCT TIMESCALES OF RAPID SENSORY ADAPATION IN THE THALAMOCORTICAL CIRCUIT
Authors: Liew Yi Juin , Dimwamwa Elaida D , Wright Nathaniel C , Zhang Yong , Stanley Garrett B
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies have shown that neuronal representations in sensory pathways are far from static but are instead strongly shaped by the complex properties of the sensory inputs they receive. Adaptation dynamically shapes the neural signaling that underlies our perception of the world yet remains poorly understood. We investigated rapid adaptation across timescales from hundreds of milliseconds to seconds through simultaneous multi-electrode recordings from the ventro-posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPm) and layer 4 of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in male and female anesthetized mice in response to controlled, persistent whisker stimulation. Observations in VPm and S1 reveal a degree of adaptation that progresses through the pathway. Under these experimental conditions, signatures of two distinct timescales of rapid adaptation in the firing rates of both thalamic and cortical neuronal populations were revealed, also reflected in the synchrony of the thalamic population and in the thalamocortical synaptic efficacy that was measured in putatively monosynaptically connected thalamocortical pairs. Controlled optogenetic activation of VPm further demonstrated that the longer timescale adaptation observed in S1 is likely inherited from slow decreases in thalamic firing rate and synchrony. Despite the degraded sensory responses, adaptation induced by the controlled repetitive stimulation presented here resulted in a shift in coding strategy that favors theoretical discrimination over detection across the observed timescales of adaptation. Overall, although multiple mechanisms contribute to rapid adaptation at distinct timescales, they support a unifying framework on the role of adaptation in sensory processing.

Significance StatementAlthough the perceptual effects of persistent sensory stimulation have been known for centuries, the rapid sensory adaptation of the underlying neural signaling to these persistent inputs are not well understood. Here, we present evidence for two distinct timescales of adaptation over several seconds across the thalamocortical circuit in mice. We identify both the overall level of neural activity and the corresponding population synchrony of the thalamic inputs to primary somatosensory cortex as key role players shaping the cortical adaptation.
The effect of microsaccades in the primary visual cortex: increased synchronization in the fovea during a two-phase response modulation
Authors: Nativ Yarden , Bouhnik Tomer , Slovin Hamutal
Published: February 2025

Our eyes are never still. Even when we attempt to fixate, the visual gaze is never motionless, as we continuously perform miniature oculomotor movements termed as fixational eye movements. The fastest eye movements during the fixation epochs are termed microsaccades (MSs), that are leading to continual motion of the visual input, affecting mainly neurons in the fovea. Yet our vision appears to be stable. To explain this gap, previous studies suggested the existence of an extra-retinal input (ERI) into the visual cortex that can account for the motion and produce visual stability. Here, we investigated the existence of an ERI to V1 fovea in macaque monkeys (male) while they performed spontaneous MSs, during fixation. We used voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) to measure and characterize at high spatio-temporal resolution the influence of MSs on neural population activity, in the foveal region of the primary visual cortex (V1). Microsaccades performed over a blank screen, induced a two-phase response modulation: an early suppression followed by an enhancement. A correlation analysis revealed a widespread foveal increase in neural synchronization, peaking around ∼100 ms after MS onset. Next, we investigated the MS effects in the presence of a small visual stimulus, and found that this modulation was different from the blank condition yet both modulations co-existed in the fovea. Finally, the VSD response to an external motion of the fixation point could not explain the MS modulation. These results support an ERI that may be involved in visual stabilization already at the level of V1.

Significance statementMicrosaccades are tiny fixational saccades, leading to the continual motion of the visual input on the fovea, during visual fixation. Yet our vision appears to be stable. To explain this gap, we investigated the existence of an extra-retinal input into the fovea of the primary visual cortex (V1) in behaving monkeys while they performed microsaccades over a blank screen with a tiny fixation point. The population response aligned on microsacades showed a widespread, transient increased neural synchronization along with a two-phase response modulation. Microsaccades in the presence of a visual stimulus induced distinct spatio-temporal response from that in the blank condition. Our results support the existence of an extra-retinal input that may be involved in visual stabilization at V1 area.
The electrically silent Kv5.1 subunit forms heteromeric Kv2 channels in cortical neurons and confers distinct functional properties
Authors: Ferns Michael , van der List Deborah , Vierra Nicholas C. , Lacey Taylor , Murray Karl , Kirmiz Michael , Stewart Robert G. , Sack Jon T. , Trimmer James S.
Published: February 2025

Voltage-gated K+channels of the Kv2 family are highly expressed in brain and play dual roles in regulating neuronal excitability and in organizing endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane (ER-PM) junctions. Studies in heterologous cells suggest that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 co-assemble with “electrically silent” KvS subunits to form heterotetrameric channels with distinct biophysical properties, but the prevalence and localization of these channels in native neurons is unknown. Here, using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we identified five KvS subunits as components of native Kv2.1 channels immunopurified from mouse brain of both sexes, the most abundant being Kv5.1. We found that Kv5.1 co-immunoprecipitates with Kv2.1 and to a lesser extent with Kv2.2 from brain lysates, and that Kv5.1 protein levels are decreased by 70% in Kv2.1 knockout mice and 95% in Kv2.1/Kv2.2 double knockout mice. RNAscope and immunolabelling revealed that Kv5.1 is prominently expressed in neocortex, where it is detected in a substantial fraction of Kv2.1/Kv2.2 positive neurons in layers 2/3, 5, and 6. At the subcellular level, Kv5.1 protein is co-clustered with Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 at presumptive ER-PM junctions on the soma and proximal dendrites of cortical neurons. Moreover, in addition to modifying channel conductance, we found that Kv2/Kv5.1 channels are less phosphorylated and insensitive to RY785, a potent and selective Kv2 channel inhibitor. Together, these findings demonstrate that KvS subunits create multiple Kv2 channel subtypes in brain. Most notably, Kv2/Kv5.1 channels are highly expressed in cortical neurons, where their unique properties likely modulate the critical conducting and non-conducting roles of Kv2 channels.

Significance StatementVoltage-gated Kv2 potassium channels play important roles in regulating neuronal excitability and organizing endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane (ER-PM) junctions in brain neurons. Here, we use mass spectrometry to identify five KvS channel subunits as components of native Kv2 channels in brain. The most abundant of these subunits, Kv5.1, is prominently expressed in cortex, where it clusters at ER-PM junctions with Kv2 subunits in a subpopulation of cortical neurons. Kv5.1 expression depends on Kv2 subunits, and Kv2/Kv5.1 heteromeric channels differ in their biophysical and pharmacological properties. We propose that differential expression of Kv5.1 in subclasses of cortical neurons diversifies Kv2 channel function.
Changing Teamwork Performance Indicators in 3x3 Basketball
Authors:   H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Musiienko Anton , Nesen Olena ,   H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Hryshko Artem ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University, Ukraine, Shevchenko Oleksandr ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University, Ukraine, Tzymbaliyk Zhanna ,   H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the problem of improving the results of competitive activity in sports games. The competitive performance of a team depends on a number of factors. In addition to the level of physical, technical and tactical preparedness of individual players, a number of authors attach great importance to the effectiveness of teamwork. The small size of a sports team increases the influence of each player on the overall result, requires high coherence in tactical interactions, mutual understanding and effective communication of players, mutual assistance and support of partners.

The purpose of the study was to experimentally test a teamwork improvement program on game interactions and communication of players in 3x3 basketball. Methods: theoretical (analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem, generalization of experience in improving teamwork in small groups), empirical (observation, survey, experiment), statistical (methods of mathematical processing of the results obtained). Results. The overall team work perception index after the experiment changed statistically significantly in the 3x3 team formed from the experimental group (t=5.551 at p<0.001). Changes in the indicators for individual components of team work are also significant: preparation (t=3.728 at p=0.01), execution (U=0.000 at p=0.017), evaluation (U=0.5 at p=0.026), adjustment (t=5.242 at p<0.001) and team support management (t=7.550 at p<0.001). Conclusions. The implemented team work improvement program in the basketball players' training process had a positive effect on the team work evaluation indicators, contributed to team cohesion, increased game understanding, and communication efficiency. But the indicators are lower than the maximum and need further improvement.