bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fenomenología de la vida religiosa. Teología y método fenomenológico en la obra de Jean Héring y Max Scheler
Authors: Benedetto Santacruz Samuel
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se pretende analizar si la temprana fenomenología de Edmund Husserl es un método favorable para la filosofía de la religión y la teología. Una de las propuestas iniciales surgidas en el círculo de Gotinga la planteó el francés Jean Héring, discípulo de Husserl, con la obra Fenomenología y filosofía religiosa. Estudios sobre la teoría de la conciencia religiosa, que en los últimos años parece reactivar el problema del giro teológico. Las cuestiones que delinearan este análisis son: ¿Se pueden encontrar en la temprana fenomenología de Husserl implicaciones metodológicas de investigación para la teología? ¿Existe una fundamentación fenomenológica que facilite de algún modo el acceso a lo divino? ¿Se puede explicar la fenomenología de la revelación desde la fenomenología religiosa de Héring y Max Scheler? Mediante una revisión bibliográfica indagaremos las bases fenomenológicas de la filosofía religiosa y la teología. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas se puede decir que Héring aclara fenomenológicamente la estructura eidética del fenómeno religioso. Igual que Max Scheler, sabe que cualquier reflexión sobre lo sagrado, ya sea metafísica o teológica, es insuficiente. El método fenomenológico permite a estos dos pensadores tratar el tema de la trascendencia divina y de la revelación.
Efectos de la aplicación de un programa de mindfulness en el clima de aula y competencias atencionales del profesorado: un estudio longitudinal
Authors: Santamaría García Txemi , Amutio Kareaga Alberto , López-González Luis , Herrero-Fernández David , Páez Rovira Dario
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficacia del Programa TREVA (mindfulness en el aula), para la mejora del clima de aula (muestra 1) y la adquisición de competencias mindfulness del profesorado (muestra 2). Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental longitudinal, con medidas repetidas pre/post, con cuatro tiempos de medición en la muestra 1 y dos tiempos en la muestra 2. La muestra 1 está formada por alumnado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (n = 139). La muestra 2 está conformada por profesorado que imparte docencia en la ESO (n = 21). La variable clima de aula está definida por los factores cohesión de grupo y conducción de grupo. La variable competencias mindfulness del profesorado queda conformada por los factores auto conciencia y auto control, y conciencia psico-corporal. En el primer estudio se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en las variables de cohesión, relación, orden, conducción grupo y total clima aula. En el segundo estudio se hallaron diferencias en autoconciencia psico-corporal. Se resaltan las implicaciones prácticas relacionadas con la necesidad de incluir este tipo de programas desde los primeros niveles educativos para fomentar las competencias atencionales del profesorado y mejorar el clima de aula.
Harmonic Oscillator, Dissipation, and Thermodynamics
Authors: Carcaterra Antonio , Akay Adnan
Published: February 2025

A loss-free harmonic oscillator when treated as the working substance in a cylinder with a piston exhibits dissipation characterized by hysteresis cycles. Dissipation in this case develops through conversion of potential energy of the springs and part of the work by piston motion to kinetic energy of the oscillator that represents its temperature. The results also yield analogies with several complex thermodynamic notions such as lost work, heating and cooling, Joule–Thompson expansion and temperature inversion, and regimes of maximum power and maximum efficiency as in finite thermodynamic systems. Use of multiple oscillators with different frequency distributions supports the notion of a dissipative constitutive relationship emerging from a dissipation-free model in which the stress depends on both strain and strain rates as in heuristic models used in solid mechanics as, for example, the Johnson-Cook model.
Time-of-flight appearance potential mass spectrometry of a radio frequency discharge supersonic jet nitrogen source
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Pedersen Andrew J. , Lamb H. Henry
Published: February 2025

Appearance potential mass spectrometry (APMS), time-of-flight (TOF) methods, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) were employed to characterize the active nitrogen species emitted from a 13.56-MHz radio frequency discharge (RFD) supersonic jet (SSJ) source. OES of the RFD-SSJ plume evidenced only N2 first positive (1+) series bands arising from N2(B3Πg)→N2(A3Σu+) transitions in addition to He* and Ar* emission lines. APMS yields the relative concentrations of various active nitrogen species (N2+ ions, N2 metastables, and ground-state N atoms) by varying the electron impact ionization energy. TOF sampling was used to discriminate between background and beam signals, and TOF velocity analysis was used to measure the kinetic energies and energy spread of the beam components. By TOF-APMS, we demonstrate that the RFD-SSJ nitrogen source produces primarily ground-state N atoms (4S) with very small concentrations of metastable molecular nitrogen (A3Σu+) and molecular ions. N2 dissociation fractions of 10%–25% were inferred. Plasma neutral temperatures ranged from 1200 to 1650 K, and energy analysis of TOF velocity data indicated N atom kinetic energies of 0.45–0.49 eV.
Wideband direction of arrival estimation using a backward nonnegative sparse method
Authors: Qu Songyue , Guo Lianghao , Ren Suiling
Published: February 2025

In the field of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for wideband signals, traditional methods often face a significant challenge as a result of spatial aliasing. These methods, which treat signals at different frequencies separately, may fail to detect weak signals due to the interference caused by spatial aliasing. To overcome this challenge, a wideband DOA estimation method, named the backward nonnegative sparse (BNNS) method, is introduced, which processes signals jointly across multiple frequencies. BNNS leverages a characteristic that the direction of the mainlobe remains constant across frequencies, and the grating lobe varies with frequency. By selectively retaining only those entries corresponding to the mainlobe in dictionaries, BNNS effectively reduces interference from grating lobes. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of BNNS to suppress grating lobes and detect weak signals under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-interference ratio. Additionally, its ability to enhance peak-background contrast is demonstrated by the Swellex96 experimental data.
Understanding and mitigating the impact of passing ships on underwater environmental estimation from ambient sound
Authors: Lipor John , Gebbie John , Siderius Martin
Published: February 2025

We investigate the impact of low-rank interference on the problem of distinguishing between two seabed types using ambient sound as an acoustic source. The resulting frequency-domain snapshots follow a zero-mean, circularly-symmetric Gaussian distribution, where each seabed type has a unique covariance matrix. Detecting changes in the seabed type across distinct spatial locations can be formulated as a two-sample hypothesis test for equality of covariance, for which Box's M-test is the classical solution. Interference sources such as passing ships result in additive noise with a low-rank covariance that can reduce the performance of hypothesis testing. We first present a method to construct a worst-case interference field, making hypothesis testing as difficult as possible. We then provide an alternating optimization procedure to recover the interference-free covariance matrix. Experiments on synthetic data show that the optimized interferer can greatly reduce hypothesis testing performance, while our recovery method perfectly eliminates this interference for a sufficiently small interference rank. On real data from the New England Shelf Break Acoustics experiment, we show that our approach successfully mitigates interference, allowing for accurate hypothesis testing and improving bottom loss estimation.
Artificial intelligence using a latent diffusion model enables the generation of diverse and potent antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Wang Yeji , Song Minghui , Liu Fujing , Liang Zhen , Hong Rui , Dong Yuemei , Luan Huaizu , Fu Xiaojie , Yuan Wenchang , Fang Wenjie , Li Gang , Lou Hongxiang , Chang Wenqiang
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence holds great promise for the design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, current models face limitations in generating AMPs with sufficient novelty and diversity, and they are rarely applied to the generation of antifungal peptides. Here, we develop an alternative pipeline grounded in a diffusion model and molecular dynamics for the de novo design of AMPs. The peptides generated by our pipeline have lower similarity and identity than those of other reported methodologies. Among the 40 peptides synthesized for an experimental validation, 25 exhibit either antibacterial or antifungal activity. AMP-29 shows selective antifungal activity against
Candida glabrata
and in vivo antifungal efficacy in a murine skin infection model. AMP-24 exhibits potent in vitro activity against Gram-negative bacteria and in vivo efficacy against both skin and lung
Acinetobacter baumannii
infection models. The proposed approach offers a pipeline for designing diverse AMPs to counteract the threat of antibiotic resistance.
Climatic and ecological responses to Bennu-type asteroid collisions
Authors: Dai Lan , Timmermann Axel
Published: February 2025

There is an estimated chance of 0.037% that asteroid Bennu will collide with Earth in 2182 CE. The potential collision of such medium-sized asteroids can inject massive amounts of dust into the atmosphere, with unknown consequences for terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Here, we use the coupled high-top Community Earth System Model Version 2 with interactive chemistry to investigate how medium-sized asteroid strikes would affect climate, vegetation, and marine productivity. Our simulations, which inject up to 400 million tons of dust into the stratosphere, show marked disruptions in climate, atmospheric chemistry, and global photosynthesis. Global mean temperatures are projected to drop by 4°C, and global precipitation decreases by 15% in our simulations. The largest relative reductions in global terrestrial and marine net primary productivity reach 36 and 25%, respectively. Depending on the iron amount of the asteroid and the subsequent marine dust deposition, large diatom blooms occur in iron-limited regions such as the Southern Ocean and the eastern equatorial Pacific.
Role of von Willebrand factor, platelets, and aberrant flow in the initiation of venous thrombosis
Authors: Mereweather Laura J. , Harwood Daniel , Ahnström Josefin , van Batenburg-Sherwood Joseph , Salles-Crawley Isabelle I. , Crawley James T. B.
Published: February 2025

Deep vein thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, because of the absence of overt blood vessel damage, how venous thrombosis is actually initiated remains unclear. Using endothelialized fluidic devices, we show that aberrant flow patterns that may occur in venous valve pockets of individuals with common stasis-related risk factors can cause the formation of von Willebrand factor–platelet tangles that are resistant to ADAMTS13 removal. These von Willebrand factor–bound platelets specifically recruit neutrophils in a manner that is dependent on platelet-activated α
IIb
β
3
, neutrophil SLC44A2, and endothelial P-selectin. The interaction of SLC44A2 with activated α
IIb
β
3
promotes formation of prothrombotic neutrophil extracellular traps. These data provide molecular and cellular insights into the proclivity for venous thrombosis to develop in venous valve pockets and suggest an alternative strategy to protect against the initiation of venous thrombosis.
Emergent complexity of quantum rotation tunneling
Authors: Guo Yilin , Yang Chen , Xie Xinmiao , Li Yanwei , Houk Kendall N. , Guo Xuefeng
Published: February 2025

Conformational isomerism determines the performance of materials and the activity of biomolecules. However, a complete dynamic study of conformational isomerization is still a formidable challenge at the single-molecule level. In this work, we present real-time in situ electrical monitoring of the full rotation dynamics of a single aromatic chain covalently embedded in graphene electrodes with single-event resolution. We reveal that the dynamic process of phenyl ring rotations at low temperature is dominated by quantum rotation tunneling rather than the quasi-free rotation process. The emergent complexity of different intramolecular rotations in a single aromatic molecule is demonstrated, including the alternating unidirectional rotation with multi-, single-, and half-circle delays driven by inelastic electron tunneling, which has not been previously adequately considered at the macroscopic level. This work builds a bridge between macroscopic and microscopic worlds and improves our understanding of structure-activity relationships, potentially bringing different functions to ordinary materials.
Marine reserves contribute half of the larval supply to a coral reef fishery
Authors: Bode Michael , Choukroun Severine , Emslie Michael J. , Harrison Hugo B. , Leis Jeffrey M. , Mason Luciano B. , Srinivasan Maya , Williamson David H. , Jones Geoffrey P.
Published: February 2025

Marine reserves deliver impressive increases in the abundance and size of exploited species on protected reefs, but larval dispersal makes it difficult to estimate their wider benefits. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) contains an extensive network of marine reserves. By combining GBR-wide fish surveys, larval dispersal models, and commercial fishery catch data, we calculate the system-wide ecological and economic contributions of these reserves for coral groupers (
Plectropomus
spp.), the region’s most important line fishery. Despite covering only 30% of reef habitat, the GBR’s marine reserve network contains half of the species’ biomass and generates most of its reproductive output (55%), half of the system’s larval settlement (50%), and almost half of the total fishery yield (47%).
Mortality drives production dynamics of Atlantic cod through 1100 years of commercial fishing
Authors: Campana Steven E. , Hambrecht George , Misarti Nicole , Moshfeka Habiba , Efird Mary , Schaal Sara M. , Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg Ásta , Edvardsson Ragnar , Júlíusson Árni Daníel , Hjörleifsson Einar , Feeley Frank J. , Cesario Grace , Palsdóttir Lilja Björk
Published: February 2025

Most edible fish species have been fished for centuries or millennia, leaving little record or understanding of their population responses prior to human impact and thus no baseline for population conservation. Here, we reconstruct the population dynamics of Atlantic cod, one of the world’s most harvested fish species, from the pristine state during the Viking era through more than 1100 years of fishing. Analysis of cod otoliths recovered during archaeological excavations of Icelandic fish processing sites revealed that cod in the 10th to 12th centuries were 25% larger and up to 300% older than modern, despite slower density-dependent growth rates attributed to the sixfold increase in abundance. Fishing mortality came to dominate a time-invariant natural mortality rate and other population characteristics after the 14th century, with minimal evidence of environmental effects at the century scale. Despite the absence of catch records and surveys, biological reference points based on pristine fish populations are now possible where otolith collections are available.
Selective abrogation of S6K2 identifies lipid homeostasis as a survival vulnerability in MAPK inhibitor–resistant
NRAS
-mutant melanoma
Authors: Lipchick Brittany , Guterres Adam N. , Chen Hsin-Yi , Zundell Delaine M. , Del Aguila Segundo , Reyes-Uribe Patricia I. , Tirado Yulissa , Basu Subhasree , Yin Xiangfan , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B. , Liu Qin , Goldman Aaron R. , Murphy Maureen E. , Speicher David W. , Villanueva Jessie
Published: February 2025

Although oncogenic NRAS activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, inhibition of the MAPK pathway is not therapeutically efficacious in
NRAS
-mutant (
NRAS
MUT
) tumors. Here, we report that selectively silencing the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (S6K2) while preserving the activity of S6K1 perturbs lipid metabolism, enhances fatty acid unsaturation, and triggers lethal lipid peroxidation in
NRAS
MUT
melanoma cells that are resistant to MAPK inhibition. S6K2 depletion induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) activation, triggering cell death selectively in MAPK inhibitor–resistant melanoma. We found that combining PPARα agonists and polyunsaturated fatty acids phenocopied the effects of S6K2 abrogation, blocking tumor growth in both patient-derived xenografts and immunocompetent murine melanoma models. Collectively, our study establishes S6K2 and its effector subnetwork as promising targets for
NRAS
MUT
melanomas that are resistant to global MAPK pathway inhibitors.
Class B scavenger receptor resists WSSV replication by recognizing the viral lipid molecule and promoting phagocytosis
Authors: Huang Yi-Heng , Guo Xin-Lu , Shan Meng-Ke , Yang Gui-Wen , Yang Hui-Ting
Published: February 2025

Class B scavenger receptors (SRBs) have been well-studied in bacteria-induced immune responses in invertebrates. However, the status of SRB-defending viruses remains unclear. In this study, we identified a scavenger receptor in
Procambarus clarkii
(crayfish), which is homologous to mammalian SRBs, and designated it as
Pc
SRB. The expression of
Pc
SRB was upregulated after the WSSV challenge. The survival rate of crayfish was decreased, but the WSSV copy number increased after
Pc
SRB knockdown during virus invasion. In addition,
Pc
SRB bound to WSSV. Furthermore, we detected how
Pc
SRB interacted with WSSV, and we found that
Pc
SRB could bind to cholesta-3,5-diene, (CD3,5), a novel WSSV lipid ligand, rather than dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Besides,
Pc
SRB could bind to VP19, VP26, and VP28, rather than VP24. Mutant-binding experiments demonstrated that the hydrophobic domain (130–180 aa) of
Pc
SRB is important for recognizing WSSV. Furthermore,
Pc
SRB might promote lysosomal eliminating function to degrade WSSV. Altogether, we identified a new mechanism for scavenger receptor recognition and resistance to WSSV.

IMPORTANCE

Pc
SRB could bind to WSSV directly.
Pc
SRB could interact with WSSV via binding to lipid molecule CD3,5 and viral envelope proteins.
Pc
SRB could influence lysosomal activation.
Supplemental Material: Tectonic transition in the North China Craton during Paleo-Pacific subduction: Evidence from Jurassic–Cretaceous dike swarms
Authors: Wang Wenjia , al. et
Published: February 2025

Analytical methods, Figures S1–S5, and Tables S1–S7.
Erosion and dust emission driven by alternately episodic water- and wind-dominated environments in the stony Hami Basin, East Asia
Authors: Zhang Dehai , Wang Guocan , al. et
Published: February 2025

Figure S1: Parameters for Monte Carlo approach to modeling exposure 7 ages and snapshot of the graphical user interface for the Matlab™ version (Hidy et al., 2010). 8 The 2σ total measured error was input to simulate, and exposure age was obtained after 100,000 9 simulations. Supplemental Text S1: Explanation of geological or geomorphologic terms.
A scoping review on the impact of women’s global leadership: evidence to inform health leadership
Authors: Kalbarczyk Anna , Banchoff Katherine , Perry Kelly E , Pram Nielsen Charlotte , Malhotra Anju , Morgan Rosemary
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The documented benefits of gender parity in leadership are emerging—women leaders have been shown to have a positive impact on maternal and health care policies, strengthen health facilities, and reduce health inequalities. More research is needed, however, to document their impact on global health. We go beyond the well-documented barriers that uphold the lack of gender parity by identifying areas where women leaders are making an impact to inform investment, programming, and policy.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, to map evidence on the impact of women’s leadership in organisations in low- and middle-income countries. As many leadership outcomes are cross-disciplinary, outcomes were explored across sectors with particular attention paid to the relevance of these outcomes for global health.

Results

137 articles were included in the review. Studies found women leaders’ positive influence on six areas of impact: (1) financial performance, risk, and stability, (2) innovation, (3) engagement with ethical initiatives, (4) health, (5) organisational culture and climate outcomes, and (6) influence on other women’s careers and aspirations. Articles reporting mixed results focused on multiple indicators and still largely pointed to positive results, particularly when modified by other factors including increased education, increased experience, and opportunities to work with other women across the organisation. In all sectors, across leadership roles, and across geographies, women’s leadership can produce positive results. Women leaders’ success, however, cannot be separated from the contexts in which they work, and unsupportive environments can affect the extent to which women leaders can have an impact.

Conclusion

Increased and sustained investment in women’s leadership within the health sector can lead to improved outcomes for organisations and their clients. Such investments must not only target individual women, but also seek to foster organisational cultures that promote and retain women leaders and support their independent decision-making.
Will things feel better in the morning? A time-of-day analysis of mental health and wellbeing from nearly 1 million observations
Authors: Bu Feifei , Bone Jessica K , Fancourt Daisy
Published: February 2025

Background

Mood is known to change over seasons of the year, days of the week, and even over the course of the day (diurnally). But although broader mental health and well-being also vary over months and weeks, it is unclear whether there are diurnal changes in how people experience and report their mental health.

Objective

To assess time-of-day association with depression, anxiety, well-being and loneliness.

Methods

The study analysed data from 49 218 adults drawn from the University College London COVID-19 Social Study, which gathered detailed repeated measurements from the same participants across time over a 2-year period (March 2020–March 2022, 18.5 observation per person). Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models.

Findings

There is a clear time-of-day pattern in self-reported mental health and well-being, with people generally waking up feeling best and feeling worst around midnight. There is also an association with day of the week and season, with particularly strong evidence for better mental health and well-being in the summer. Time-of-day patterns are moderated by day, with more variation in mental health and individual well-being during weekends compared with weekdays. Loneliness is relatively more stable.

Conclusions

Generally, things do seem better in the morning. Hedonic and eudemonic well-being have the most variation, and social well-being is most stable.

Clinical implications

Our findings indicate the importance of considering time, day and season in research design, analyses, intervention delivery, and the planning and provision of public health services.
Factors influencing paramedic conveyance decisions when attending children with minor head injury: a qualitative study
Authors: Proctor Alyesha , Billing Jedd , Lyttle Mark , Voss Sarah , Benger Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Children with head injury are commonly transported to the ED by ambulance. However, most of those conveyed are deemed non-serious and are discharged at triage. Research is needed to explore the factors that influence paramedics when deciding to convey children with minor head injury to the ED, and to establish whether a clinical decision tool designed to support them would be beneficial.

Methods

A generic qualitative approach, comprising semistructured interviews with front-line ambulance paramedics working in the UK. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Interviews aimed to explore the factors that influence paramedics when deciding to convey children with minor head injury to the ED.

Results

A total of 20 paramedics from several ambulance services participated in interviews. Three overarching themes were identified: ‘we just take them in’; ‘there are too many hurdles’; ‘creating the right tool’. These were further categorised into subthemes. Paramedics do not feel confident when assessing and managing children with head injury, and convey children to hospital due to fear of consequences, despite knowing there will be no intervention in the ED. Further education, a prehospital paediatric clinical decision tool and greater support from Ambulance Trusts would be welcomed by paramedics. Criteria such as: parental anxiety; time; wound closure; policy and non-accidental injury need to be considered in a clinical decision tool designed to support paramedics’ management of children with head injury.

Conclusion

Paramedics generally feel a lack of confidence in assessing and managing children with head injury. A decision tool, coupled with training and useful feedback from EDs following conveyance, would be useful to help improve decision-making.
Prognostic factors of chronic postsurgical pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rosenbloom Brittany N , Frederiksen Simona Denise , Wang Vienna , Park Christine S , Gordon Grace , Brar Gurpreet , Rasic Nivez , Stinson Jennifer N , Birnie Kathryn A , Rabbitts Jennifer A
Published: February 2025

Background

Approximately 28% of children and adolescents undergoing major surgery develop chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP; pain persisting>3 months). A previous review attempted to investigate biopsychosocial prognostic factors for pediatric CPSP; however, due to lack of data, no meta-analytic techniques were employed. Since that review, numerous studies have investigated risk/protective factors that fall within an Interpersonal Fear Avoidance Model for CPSP, thus warranting a reinvestigation of prognostic factors.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine prognostic factors, measurement tools applied, and their effect on the development of CPSP.

Evidence review

Prospective, observational studies examining prognostic factors of pediatric CPSP using validated self-report measures were included. 4884 unique publications were screened and 15 met inclusion criteria.

Findings

The pooled effect size for the association between presurgical child pain intensity and the presence of child CPSP was significant, OR=0.540 (95% CI=0.184 to 0.894). Child anxiety, child pain-related anxiety, and parent pain catastrophizing were not significant prognostic factors for child CPSP. Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, the certainty in prognostic estimates was moderate. Risk of bias using Quality in Prognostic Study tool ranged from low to moderate.

Conclusions

Presurgical pain was the only presurgical risk factor at the meta-analytic level that significantly predicted pediatric CPSP, highlighting the importance of prioritizing pain management throughout the perioperative experience, starting before surgery. Depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance were the two potential risk/protective factors that were unable to be assessed due to insufficient data or use of an unvalidated measure indicating a critical need for future research.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022306340.
Topological defects in f(T) theory of gravity
Authors: Hatkar S. P. , Tadas D. P. , Katore S. D.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of domain walls and one-dimensional cosmic string with locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I metric in the context of f(T) gravity. Three different types of deceleration parameter (DP) forms, such as (i)

$$q=-kt+l-1$$

q
=
-
k
t
+
l
-
1

, (ii)

$$q=b(t)$$

q
=
b
(
t
)

, and (iii)

$$q=-1+\frac{\gamma }{1+a^\gamma }$$

q
=
-
1
+

γ

1
+

a
γ

, are used to determine the exact solution of the field equation. We observe the profound effect of the torsion scalar T on physical parameters. Also, the universe was dominated by string at an early stage of evaluation.
The role of machine learning in analyzing magnetic field localization and vortex generation in tetra-hybrid nanofluid: A numerical study
Authors: Ahmad Shabbir , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Ali Kashif , Junjua Moin-ud-Din , Mahmood Zafar , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Aryanfar Yashar , Hendy Ahmed S.
Published: February 2025

This research distinguishes itself by integrating machine learning algorithms to assess the impact of confined magnetic fields on vortex dynamics in hybrid nanofluid flow, through the inclusion of both vertical and horizontal magnetic field strips. Specifically, the study focuses on a vertical cavity with an aspect ratio of 1:5, where a bottom lid moves horizontally from left to right to drive the flow. We have applied a limited magnetic field consisting of vertical, and horizontal strips. The authors have developed MATLAB codes to implement an algorithm for solving the governing equations of the nanofluid flow and heat transfer. The algorithm is based on the Stream-Vorticity formulation and uses a finite difference method. The algorithm can examine how several parameters, such as magnetic field strength (0–300), nanoparticle volume fraction (0–20%), and Reynolds number (Re) (1–50), impact the characteristics of nanofluids in terms of flow and thermal properties. The results demonstrate that magnetic fields influence the stress distribution of the flow pattern and the temperature distribution. Further, the presence of a magnetic field also affects stress distribution. Moreover, it has been determined that the Nusselt number (Nu) experiences a 60% increase due to the magnetic field, while there is a remarkable rise attributed to the Re. Similarly, significant changes are observed in skin friction under both parameters. These findings carry implications for designing and operating devices.
Adaptive fast terminal sliding mode trajectory tracking control of Mecanum-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robots using barrier function
Authors: Chen Long , Lu Zeyuan , Yan Bin , Jin Peipei , Wang Guangyi
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a barrier function-based adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (BFANFTSMC) algorithm for the trajectory tracking of a Mecanum-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot (MWOMR). A four-inputs-three-outputs kinematic-and-dynamic model of the MWOMR is constructed with considerations of parameter uncertainties and unknow external disturbances. To achieve a stable and robust performance, a BFANFTSMC scheme is designed for the MWOMR, while a modified barrier function (MBF) is further proposed with particular consideration of actuator saturation. Stability and robustness of the proposed control methods are analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. Also, real-time experimental results on a MWOMR platform show superior performance on tracking precision and control robustness compared with three existing control schemes.
Research on Vibration Control of Manipulator Using Particle Damper
Authors: Zhu Yunan , Guo Xiangying , Cao Dongxing
Published: February 2025

Particle damping technology is a widely used passive vibration control method known for its simplicity and efficiency in engineering applications. This study applies a Particle Damper (PD) to reduce low-frequency vibrations in a manipulator. A novel coupled dynamic model of the PD and manipulator is developed, considering the impact of low-frequency vibrations. To address the challenges posed by the nonlinear behavior of particles, Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations using EDEM software are performed to investigate the effects of key factors, such as particle packing density, diameter, and material composition, on energy dissipation. The simulation results are validated through experiments, with the manipulator serving as the controlled object to assess the PD’s control performance. The PD design is further refined by incorporating multi-layer baffles, which enhance energy dissipation and improve the suppression of vibrations. The results demonstrate that the optimized PD system effectively reduces the manipulator’s low-frequency vibration response. By integrating simulations, experimental validation, and structural optimization, this study provides deeper insights into particle damping mechanisms and offers innovative solutions for vibration control in manipulators and similar engineering systems.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Performance of the Assembled Self-Centering Buckling-Restrained Brace and its Application in the Bridge Structures
Authors: Tan Yujie , Jin Shuangshuang , Zhou Jianting
Published: February 2025

Significant residual displacement in bridge structures caused by strong earthquakes can severely hinder post-disaster rescue. To reduce the post-earthquake residual displacement and enhance the seismic performance of bridge structures, this study proposed the design concept for the application of the assembled self-centering buckling-restrained braces (SC-BRBs) to spandrel columns. While SC-BRBs effectively dissipate seismic energy, the inner core is prone to fatigue damage induced by significant plastic deformation, which leads to the risk of brace fracture under strong earthquakes. For the above problems, this study initially researched the low-cycle fatigue performance of SC-BRB through tests, and a fatigue damage quantification method suitable for SC-BRB was proposed. Then, the spandrel column was extracted as an independent component, and the design parameters of the SC-BRBs utilized on the spandrel column were determined based on the structural “fuse” concept. Finally, the hysteretic performance of the spandrel column with SC-BRBs in the transverse direction was analyzed, and the dynamic responses of the whole bridge under near-fault pulse-like ground motions were also investigated. For comparison, the seismic performance of the bridges with or without link beams on original spandrel columns and the bridges retrofitted with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) on spandrel columns were also studied. The results indicate that SC-BRBs exhibit stable energy dissipation and excellent self-centering capacity. Based on Miner’s rule and Manson–Coffin equation, the fatigue damage of SC-BRBs can be effectively quantified. Compared to the original bridge, the bridges with SC-BRBs and BRBs significantly reduce the lateral displacement of the spandrel columns and the base moment, as well as substantially decrease the post-earthquake residual displacement of the columns. This design application can provide new insights for the brace design of similar bridge structures.
Vibrations of Multiscale Hybrid Thick Plates with Viscoelastic Polymer Matrix
Authors: Sajjadieh S. M. S. , Kiani Y.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to study the free vibration response of composite plates made up of three-phase polymer–glass fiber (FG)–carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Polymer matrix has an important property, i.e. the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio decrease over time. In this study, the waviness of the CNTs is also taken into consideration. A three-step hierarchical approach is adopted to estimate the elastic properties of the composite media. The governing equations are derived by quasi-3D plate theory and Hamilton’s principle. The adopted quasi-3D model takes into account the nonuniform shear and normal strain distribution and also satisfies the condition of traction-free on top and bottom surfaces. The natural frequencies of this composite are found using the Navier solution method for simply supported boundary conditions. This work investigates how the dimensionless frequency is affected by time, plate geometry, fiber mass fraction, and CNT mass fraction, all of which have a substantial impact. For example, it is highlighted that for a specific plate, after 60[Formula: see text]s, the frequency drops by about 14% if one takes the time parameter into account. In addition, increasing the mass fraction of CNTs or FGs results in higher frequencies.
Deterministic limit of a density-dependent population model with triangle type nonlocal cross-diffusion
Authors: Watanabe Itsuki
Published: February 2025

The deterministic limit of a stochastic model of triangle type nonlocal cross-diffusion is considered. The stochastic model is given by a system with two types of particles whose transition rates depend on their densities. In this paper, we reveal that its deterministic limit is governed by some nonlocal cross-diffusion equation, and show the existence of a solution to this equation by Markov chain approximation method.
Investigating the Structural, Elastic, Pressure-Dependent Electronic and Optical Properties of Antiferromagnetic HoPdBi and HoPtBi Alloys
Authors: Abane Mahdi , Bouguetaia Tahar , Bahlouli Soumia , Elchikh Mokhtar , Hiadsi Said
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigated the structural, elastic, topological-electronic properties as well as optical properties of two half-Heusler (HH) heavy fermions-based compounds: HoPtBi and HoPdBi. We accomplished our calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), based on the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW). Both compounds are antiferromagnetic (AFM) type-II as reported by experimental data so we carried out our study in the AFM type-II configuration. Considering the spin-orbit coupling, we found that the hydrostatic pressure leads to a phase transition from the trivial semimetal to the topological semimetal (TSM) because of band inversion for HoPdBi with no apparent effect of hydrostatic pressure on the topological phase for HoPtBi. We also studied their optical properties, without and with hydrostatic pressure. The first peak in reflectivity, absorption, optical conductivity spectra and energy loss factor are strongly influenced by the hydrostatic pressure. Both compounds exhibit a considerable first absorption peak in the visible and ultraviolet ranges and they are best candidates for solar cells considered essential in renewable energy.
Dynamics of a Particle Attached to a Wrapped String Around a Freely Moving and Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Yusmantoro
Published: February 2025

In this paper, motion of a particle attached to one end of a string wrapping around the cylinder has been investigated. This exercise is proposed to demonstrate the conservation of physical quantities including mechanical energy, angular, and linear momentum in a single problem. Moreover, all surfaces are frictionless implying the absence of friction force. This problem is classified into four different cases based on the cylinder’s movement. The kinematic variables such as angular velocity, speed, and rate change of unwound part of the string are calculated. The winding time for all cases, i.e. time required by the string to completely wrapped around the cylinder is also calculated. It has been found that the winding time is only influenced by rotational motion of the cylinder.
The AI Alignment Paradox
Authors: West Robert , Aydin Roland
Published: February 2025

The better we align AI models with our values, the easier we may make it to realign them with opposing values.
Performance of Two Deep Learning-based AI Models for Breast Cancer Detection and Localization on Screening Mammograms from BreastScreen Norway
Authors: Martiniussen Marit A. , Larsen Marthe , Hovda Tone , Kristiansen Merete U. , Dahl Fredrik A. , Eikvil Line , Brautaset Olav , Bjørnerud Atle , Kristensen Vessela , Bergan Marie B. , Hofvind Solveig
Published: February 2025

“Just Accepted” papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content. Purpose To evaluate cancer detection and marker placement accuracy of two artificial intelligence (AI) models developed for interpretation of screening mammograms. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included data from 129 434 screening examinations (all female, mean age 59.2, SD = 5.8) performed between January 2008 and December 2018 in BreastScreen Norway. Model A was commercially available and B was an in-house model. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated. The study defined 3.2% and 11.1% of the examinations with the highest AI scores as positive, threshold 1 and 2, respectively. A radiologic review assessed location of AI markings and classified interval cancers as true or false negative. Results The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92–0.94) for model A and B when including screen-detected and interval cancers. Model A identified 82.5% (611/741) of the screen-detected cancers at threshold 1 and 92.4% (685/741) at threshold 2. For model B, the numbers were 81.8% (606/741) and 93.7% (694/741), respectively. The AI markings were correctly localized for all screen-detected cancers identified by both models and 82% (56/68) of the interval cancers for model A and 79% (54/68) for B. At the review, 21.6% (45/208) of the interval cancers were identified at the preceding screening by either or both models, correctly localized and classified as false negative ( n = 17) or with minimal signs of malignancy ( n = 28). Conclusion Both AI models showed promising performance for cancer detection on screening mammograms. The AI markings corresponded well to the true cancer locations. ©RSNA, 2025
Effect of Iron Loading on the Physicochemical and Electrochemical Performance of Fe-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yusoff Farhanini , Kamaruzaman Nur Ayunie , Khairul W. M. , Saleh Noorashikin Md. , Mansor Ainul Mardiah
Published: February 2025

The development of cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for advancing hydrogen production technologies. This study explores iron/reduced graphene oxide (Fe-rGO) nanocomposites synthesized using a facile one-pot method, focusing on the impact of varying iron content (1, 5, and 10%) on their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Comprehensive characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller analysis confirmed the successful integration of iron into the graphene matrix, with distinct structural changes and mesoporosity observed across samples. Thermal stability was affirmed via thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical performance was evaluated by fabricating Fe-rGO-modified glassy carbon electrodes (Fe-rGO/GCE), which showed significantly enhanced current response compared to unmodified GCE, attributed to improved electron transfer dynamics and reduced charge transfer resistance. Among the composites, Fe-rGO/GCE 10% demonstrated the best performance and the lowest charge transfer resistance (166.3 Ω·cm), indicating a rapid electron transfer mechanism. Comparative analysis confirmed that 10% Fe/GCE outperformed other electrodes, highlighting the beneficial effect of iron incorporation on HER activity. These findings suggest that Fe-rGO nanocomposites hold significant potential as non-precious metal electrocatalysts for HER, offering a promising alternative to platinum-based catalysts in hydrogen production.
Effects of oral γ-aminobutyric acid intake on muscle regeneration in diabetic mice
Authors: Horii Mayu , Bumrungkit Chanikan , Yanaka Noriyuki , Hawke Thomas J. , Rebalka Irena A. , Kumrungsee Thanutchaporn
Published: February 2025

With increasing evidence that ketogenic diets improve aspects of muscle health (e.g., insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function), we hypothesized that supplementation with GABA—a key metabolite changed with ketogenic diets—would improve muscle recovery from injury. Unexpectedly, GABA supplementation during the early inflammatory phases of muscle regeneration delayed muscle repair in type 1 diabetes mice, possibly due to inflammation suppression. Further work is needed to ascertain the effective use of GABA supplementation, particularly following intense or damaging exercise.
The central neural control of the posterior belly of the digastric muscles during swallowing in rats
Authors: Tsutsui Yuhei , Chotirungsan Titi , Pan Charng-Rong , Kawada Satomi , Magara Jin , Tsujimura Takanori , Okamoto Keiichiro , Inoue Makoto
Published: February 2025

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is activated during the inspiratory phase and swallowing. Increased airway resistance facilitates both inspiratory and swallowing activities of this muscle. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the motoneurons innervating the posterior belly of the digastric muscle were activated during swallowing only in the rostral portion of the accessory facial nucleus. These results suggested that the posterior belly of the digastric muscle is controlled by the respiratory and swallowing central pattern generators.
Dysregulated hepatic alcohol metabolism: a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Srinivasan Mukund , Kota Sumedha , Bhopale Kamlesh , Caracheo Anna , Kaphalia Lata , Linares Jennifer , Romsdahl Trevor , Russell William , Popov Vsevolod , Boor Paul , Kaphalia Bhupendra
Published: February 2025

Using hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase deficient (ADH−) deer mouse, which mimics the metabolic conditions observed in chronic alcoholics, we found significant hepatic injury along with degenerative changes in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Our findings suggest that an increased nonoxidative alcohol metabolism under hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency and associated hepatic lipid dysregulation and injury appear to be the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease.
The impact of maternal obesity on polycystic kidney disease progression in a mouse model
Authors: Miller Sarah J. , Hill Kaitlyn , Darby Isabella , Nusrat Fariha , Friedman Jacob E. , Rudolph Michael C. , Zimmerman Kurt A.
Published: February 2025

Due to the growing obesity pandemic, almost one third of all children are born to mothers with obesity; however, the impact of maternal obesity on polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is unknown. In this manuscript, we found that maternal obesity did not worsen PKD severity in Pkd1RC/RC mice at 3 mo or 1 yr of age when weaned onto normal chow diet. However, rechallenging pups born to obese mothers worsened PKD severity in female but not male mice.