bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOMATO NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND NUTSEDGE (Cyperus SPP.) MANAGEMENT WITH PROPYLENE OXIDE
Authors: Santos Bielinski M. , Gilreath James P.
Published: June 2019

Among the current methyl bromide alternatives under study, propylene oxide (Propozone) has shown potential to control soilborne diseases, nematodes, and weeds in polyethylene-mulched tomato. However, further research is needed to determine the appropriate application rates to control nutsedge in the crop. Also, the effect of this fumigant on tomato nutrient absorption has not been determined yet. Therefore, field trials were conducted for this purpose in Bradenton, Fla. Tested rates of Propozone were 0, 190, 380, 570, 760, and 950 L·ha–1 and were shank-applied in raised planting beds three weeks before `Florida 47' tomato transplanting. Examined data indicated that there was a rapid decrease in nutsedge density with 570 L·ha–1. For phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) foliar content, there was a linear increase of P concentrations as rate increase, whereas K content increased rapidly after 190 L·ha–1. The highest tomato yields were obtained with 760 and 950 L·ha–1 of Propozone.
EFFECTS OF TIME OF EMERGENCE ON PURPLE AND YELLOW NUTSEDGE AREA OF INFLUENCE IN BELL PEPPER
Authors: Santos Bielinski M. , Gilreath James P. , Esmel Camille , Siham Myriam N.
Published: June 2019

Field trials were conducted in Bradenton, Fla., to determine the effect of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentum) time of emergence on the area of influence of each weed on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). Each weed-bell pepper complex was studied separately. A single weed was transplanted 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after bell pepper transplanting (WAT) and bell pepper yield was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 cm from each weed. Bell pepper yield data indicated that yellow nutsedge was more aggressive than purple nutsedge interfering with bell pepper. When yellow nutsedge emerged 1 WAT, bell pepper yield losses were between 32 and 57% for plants at 0 and 30 cm away from the weed, respectively, which represents at least a density of approximately 3.5 plants/m2. For purple nutsedge, one weed growing since 1 WAT between two bell pepper plants (0 cm; 10 plants/m2) produced a yield reduction of 31%. These results indicated that low nutsedge densities, which are commonly believed to be unimportant, can cause significant bell pepper yield reductions.
STATUS OF BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION IN CHINA
Authors: Creech D. , Hong Yu , Shanan He
Published: June 2019

China is poised to make a substantial leap in blueberry production within the next ten years. This paper reviews the history of blueberry introduction and evaluation in China, current distribution, potential growing areas, the species and cultivars involved, propagation studies, production and projected market potential. Rabbiteye varieties introduced in 1987 to the Nanjing Botanical Garden have many years of production data. Nursery propagation and multiplication is a success. Rabbiteye blueberries with over 10 years of evaluation include Baldwin, Brightwell, Centurion, Choice, Climax, Delite, Gardenblue, Powderblue, Premier, Tifblue, and Woodard. There are many regions in the Southern belt of China adapted to blueberries, provided specific soil and climatic preferences are present. The potential for a large domestic fresh and processed blueberry industry appears enormous. Economic gains in China and the entire Pacific rim has resulted in a large population of health-conscious citizens with disposable income. China appears uniquely poised in the region to greatly expand production. This paper will review a number of business efforts underway—both private and joint ventures—that will soon reach full commercial production.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, IRRADIANCE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF Ruellia `RAJIN CAJIN'
Authors: Armitage Allan M.
Published: June 2019

Plants were subjected to daily temperatures of 15, 20 or 25 °C after transplanting to 10cm containers. As temperatures decreased, plants were significantly slower to reach anthesis, however, however no significant differences in visible bud time occurred between 20–25 °C. Night break incandescent lighting or HID lamps for 2 or 4 weeks were used to illuminate plants during the daylight production cycle (0800–1700 hr). No differences in growth or flowering time between HID durations occurred, but both HID treatments resulted in larger plants and one week faster flowering compared with control and incandescent-lit plants. The effect of incandescent light, however, had no effect on flowering time but resulted in significantly taller plants. Additional photoperiod studies were conducted using continuous LD (night-break lighting), continuous SD (black cloth from 1700-0800) and a combination of LD-SD and SD-LD treatments. In all treatments, photoperiod had no significant effect on flowering time or growth, suggesting Ruellia `Rajin Cajin' is a day neutral taxon. Experiments with `Rajin Cajin' suggested in was a 6 week crop from plug to market.
SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES PROVIDING SAFETY TRAINING FOR FARM AND LANDSCAPE EMPLOYEES IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA
Authors: Mayer Henrique , Garofalo Joe , Balerdi Carlos
Published: June 2019

Safety training for farm, nursery and landscape workers has been provided in Miami-Dade County in English and Spanish for many years. Vegetable workers are available August–September; nursery, landscape and tropical fruit workers all year. Certificates of Completion and proof of training cards are provided. Traditionally, a half-day rodeo was offered—instructors delivered presentations several times as participants move from room to room. 4 to 6 agents and 2 to 4 volunteers are needed to teach such training, plus 8 to 10 classrooms. 100+ vegetable and nursery workers participate. A local school was used for many years, with training scheduled when school was out. A tractor driving competition was held after lunch, with trophies and cash prizes. As scheduling the school became difficult, training was offered at the CES office using one room and 2 agents (Spanish in am, English in pm). This is easier to arrange and can be offered any time of year. In total, 40–50 nursery workers attend. A third type of training developed as topics were requested by the industries; for example, chainsaw and climbing safety for tree crews. One agent and one volunteer are required; 50 or more participate, and class is in English. Safety is also taught as part of other seminars, required by law (pesticide applicator training, Worker Protection Standard), trade organizations (landscape, nursery, arborist) or county policy (hurricane pruning for public employees). Participation varies widely (15 to 100+), as does language. We have concluded that successful safety training depends on being willing and able to offer the type of training required by a given situation, which will change over time.
Development of a Plant Geospatial Model for Identifying Chestnut Yield‐Limiting Factors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Dong Chun , Liu Jiping , Xu Shenghua
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Identifying chestnut yield limiting factors is essential to precision chestnut tree management.

Four geographical detectors were applied to explore the key factors and interactive effects of geographical and socio‐economic factors on chestnut yield using the power of the determinant concept.

Soil parent material is a major factor in the spatial variation in chestnut yield, whereas aspect was not found to cause any obvious differences in chestnut yield. Among the eight parent materials, the gneiss soil results in the highest chestnut yield within the study area.

The interaction between soil type and total power of farm machinery resulted in the highest chestnut yield.

Our approach is a useful target for further research on increasing other crop yield or exploring the effect of factors on other crop yield.

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissimaBlume) is an essential and highly nutritious nut crop, and income from selling chestnuts is important for small producers. Despite chestnuts being widely planted, chestnut yields are decreasing in northern China. The hypothesis of this paper is that yield reduction is the result of complex topographic conditions, insufficient soil nutrients, unscientific fertilization, and limited availability of productive land. The objective was to create a plant social geospatial model–geographical detector for analyzing the strength of the association between chestnut yields and their potential determinants. In this model system, we used measured data from chestnut to highlight how a geospatial model can be used to identify complex relationships among soil, plants, and geospatial location. Four geographical detectors (i.e., risk, factor, ecological, and interaction) were proposed on the basis of spatial variation analysis. The model was then applied to Qianxi County of Hebei Province in China. Soil parent material, soil texture, and total power of farm machinery were found to be the key factors. The interactive effect of any two factors increased chestnut yield, and the interaction between parent material and total power of farm machinery resulted in the highest yield. The study’s approach and findings make it possible to introduce effective and practical measures to increase chestnut yield. Strategies to increase chestnut yield need to be designed with spatial variables being considered.
Changes in Tea Performance and Soil Properties after Three Years of Polyhalite Application
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Chen Kun , Yu Hua , Chen Qingrui , Wu Fachi , Zeng Xiangzhong , Tu Shihua , Qin Yusheng , Meakin Robert , Fan Xiaohui
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Application of polyhalite increased tea yield and economic benefits.

Polyhalite application showed no adverse effects on tea quality.

Soil acidification was significantly reduced with polyhalite.

Polyhalite would be widely used as a novel potassium fertilizer in tea plantations.

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is the world’s most widely consumed beverage with high economic and health benefits. Potassium is the second key nutrient for tea plants. Polyhalite is applied in some grain crops as a novel source of K, which also contains Ca, Mg, and S. However, the feasibility of using polyhalite for tea growth is unclear. Consequently, a 3‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine effects of polyhalite on soil properties, tea yield, economic benefits, and tea quality in southwest China. There were three treatments: control (CK, without K fertilizer), sulfate of potash (SOP) and polyhalite (POLY4). Compared with CK, SOP and POLY4 application increased soil available K, P, and S contents, as well as tea yields and economic benefits. Compared with SOP, POLY4 increased soil exchangeable Ca and Mg and available S contents, but decreased soil acidification due to high addition of CaSO4 and MgSO4. POLY4 application led to 15.1% higher tea yield than SOP in 2017, while no difference was observed in 2015 and 2016. The POLY4 was economically superior to SOP in 2017 with a greater net benefit by US$1982 ha−1. Although the two treatments did not differ on tea quality, correlation analysis demonstrated that quality was generally positively and significantly correlated with K, Ca, Mg, P, and S contents in tea leaves. Consequently, POLY4 was suitable as a K source for tea. Given high S and Ca contents in POLY4, it might be better to apply POLY4 together with other K fertilizers in future studies.
Mesonet data as a farm management tool
Authors: Chester-Davis Leah
Published: June 2019

Mesonets provide are increasingly becoming a valuable tool in production agriculture, providing updated weather data around the clock to help producers and their CCAs make the best management decisions. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/687.
Colombia ¿un líder en la configuración del orden latinoamericano?
Authors: Pedraza Rozo Paula Sofía
Published: June 2019

Colombia es un país reconocido a nivel internacional por lalucha contra el narcotráfico y terrorismo en el marco del conflicto interno, la innovación y contantes capacitaciones en seguridad y de fensa en pro de los intereses nacionales, además de su comercio activo en materias primas y recursos energéticos. Sin embargo, el papel de Colombia en la región se encuentra limitado por la diversidad y heterogeneidad de sus vecinos, reflejado en los distintos proyec- tos políticos de integración regional (regionalismo), basados en los intereses e ideales de los países miembros y no en un bien común en el cual converjan. En este contexto, se busca analizar el rol y posición –liderazgo- de Colombia en la configuración del orden re- gional; una región que se encuentra fragmentada y dispersa. Así, se toma como marco explicativo los conceptos teóricos de identidad y autoimagen desde el constructivismo, para identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de Colombia en los escenarios regionales de UNASUR y Alianza del Pacífico. Por lo anterior, es pertinente referenciar los cambios y continuidades en materia de política exterior durante el siglo XXI, que han determinado su rol y posición regional, a pesarde que su liderazgo, sigue siendo limitado para la configuración delorden regional latinoamericano. Se reconoce a Colombia como unactor estratégico y clave a partir de sus capacidades y sobre todo, suspotencialidades en el marco de la variabilidad de acontecimientosque acompañan este análisis regional.
papel de los actores legales e ilegales como intermediarios del Estado en el Urabá Chocoano entre los años 1995-2001
Authors: Quintero Yuri Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

Este artículo realiza un análisis sobre el papel de los actores legales e ilegales como intermediarios del Estado, en la región del Urabá Chocoano, entre 1995 a 2001. Este territorio fue escenario de disputas y enfrentamientos violentos, asociados a intereses como la explotación del monocultivo de la palma africana, la imposición de ganadería extensiva, la minería y el control de negocios asociados al crimen organizado. En este contexto, el Estado jugó un papel fundamental, pues se enfrentó a las comunidades que le disputaron el control territorial a través de la intervención directa o la delegación de funciones a terceros
comportamiento del índice de la sofisticación de los negocios en: Colombia, Ecuador y Chile
Authors: Alvarez Díaz Ingrid Rocío , Olarte Cárdenas Martha Liliana , Jiménez Andrés Felipe
Published: June 2019

Este documento presenta los resultados sobre el proyecto de investigación: Análisis comparativo del índice Global de Competitividad de Colombia, Ecuador, y Chile entre 2012 y 2017. En este estudio se tomó el pilar 11 de sofisticación de los negocios. El enfoque fue cuantitativo correlacional longitudinal entre 2012 y 2017. El estudio permite concluir que Ecuador y Colombia han sofisticado sus negocios, ampliando la cadena de valor y aumentando la cantidad de proveedores locales. Chile ha desmejorado su posición al disminuir su ventaja competitiva. La correlación indicó que la sofisticación de los negocios y el crecimiento del PIB presentan una relación directa del 83.3 % para Chile. Para Ecuador y Colombia la relación es inversa, -36.3 % y -55.2 %, respectivamente.
El sistema humanitario ¿cerca del cambio?
Authors: Márquez Díaz Jaime
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo busca definir qué es el Sistema Humanitario; identificar cuáles son los nuevos desafíos y retos que la realidadimpone, y qué replanteamiento en la acción humanitaria se debetomar para enfrentarlos de una manera más eficiente. Por último, se propone contextualizar de forma breve el Sistema Humanitario y los nuevos retos en relación al contexto de Malí.Palabras Clave: Sistema Humanitario, acción humanitaria, localización de la respuesta humanitaria, resiliencia, Malí.
La reforma rural integral como piedra angular de un posible proyecto constituyente en Colombia. Un análisis histórico
Authors: Valencia Toro Marcela , Lizarazo Vega Sergio Fabián
Published: June 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis histórico sobre la estructura de tenencia y uso de la tierra en Colombia, que ubica en el primer punto del Acuerdo General de Paz suscrito por lasFARC-EP y el Estado, elementos concretos que podrían cimentar la consolidación y proyección de un proceso constituyente abierto en el país. Para realizar este análisis se rastrearon las características institucionales de los esfuerzos de las Reformas Rurales desde la década del sesenta hasta la fecha, y se comparan los contenidos de las dos versiones del Acuerdo Final, que se producen antes y después del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016, a la luz de la perspectiva conceptual del proceso constituyente abierto. Se concluye que el potencial del Acuerdo radica en las capacidades organizativas de diversos sectores sociales y en sus acumulados históricos.
Palabras clave: Proceso constituyente abierto, Reforma Rural Integral, Acuerdo de paz, tenencia de la tierra.
The effect of internal control environment on the value relevance of earnings
Authors: Lee Hyun-Ah
Published: June 2019

This study examines whether a suitable control environment increases the value relevance of earnings by providing greater assurance on the reliability of financial reporting. Specifically, the level of suitable control environment is assessed by considering the quantity and quality of IC personnel, which are closely related to the personnel integrity/ethical values, competence, and authority/responsibility. Using a sample of 1,834 firm-year observations of Korean listed companies covering 2005–2010, the author finds that earnings are more value relevant when the increase in the average work experience of IC personnel is greater. However, no evidence is found that the value relevance of earnings is positively associated with the increase in the proportion of IC personnel. The findings suggest that a suitable control environment, established by deployment of qualified IC personnel with more work experience, improves the IC effectiveness and, thus, provides greater assurance on the reliability of financial reporting to market investors.
Effect of measurement errors in determining the heat transfer coefficient of the enclosing structures of an isothermal car
Authors: GOLUBIN A. A. , BELOVA N. V. , NAUMENKO S. N.
Published: June 2019

When conducting thermal tests, the purpose of which is to determine the heat transfer coefficient of the body of an isothermal car K, the study of measurement errors affecting the accuracy of the obtained value plays an important role. The results of such experiments may contain various measurement errors that can introduce significant deviations into the resulting values of the desired coefficient. Obtaining accurate results when conducting this kind of experiments is impossible without a preliminary study of the causes that affect the final result. The article presents the types of measurement errors that affect the accuracy of determining the heat transfer coefficient of the body  of an isothermal car when conducting thermal tests. It was noted that the magnitude of labor costs and energy losses during the further operation of this body significantly depends on the accuracy of the value of this coefficient. It was emphasized that one of the main types of random errors arising from measurements and compliance with the established procedure for conducting typical thermal tests is a voltage drop (“slump”) in the electrical network, leading to significant errors in the calculations of the heat transfer coefficient of the isothermal car body. The values of this coefficient are presented, which were obtained as a result of heat engineering tests performed using the equilibrium mode method and the express method. It is shown that the use of the express method to determine the heat transfer coefficient of the bodies of isothermal cars reduces the risk of random errors due to the minimum experiment duration (from 5.5 h), allows to obtain exact values of the desired coefficient (with an error not higher than 3 % of its value of long-term equilibrium method) and use this data for practical purposes.
Damping of dynamic forces by materials used in the construction of ballast and ballastless railway tracks. Crushed stone
Authors: BEL’KOV V. M.
Published: June 2019

Strength properties of mineral materials used in the track operation, which are crushed stone and sand, do not depend on the ambient temperature (up to 500 °C) and humidity, but gradually degrade when its pore space becomes clogged with fines, oil products and plant residues. Polymeric materials used in the construction of railway tracks for damping dynamic loads, when exposed to significant stresses, are gradually destroyed. The main operating conditions that determine the performance of polymer products include the ambient temperature, its humidity, the presence of a chemically aggressive external effect and a stress fields. Cuts or scratches — stress concentrators on polymer products — significantly change the thermal dependence of its mechanical properties. Therefore, hemispherical grooves, cylindrical cuts in the central areas of pads, made to reduce wear in the peripheral areas, lead to a significant narrowing of the temperature range of the effective operation of these products. Granular media have strong non-linear properties, the main causes of which are microcracks, boundaries and areas of contact of the granules a well as physic-mechanical properties of substances that fill the pore space of crushed stone layer. Coefficient of energy absorption in a granular medium is directly proportional to the viscosity of the polymer layer between the granules. Filling the pore space of the crushed stone layer with sand and viscous-plastic medium (polymers, organic binders and materials based on them, solid polyurethane foam, water or oil products) leads to decrease in the strength of crushed stone prism. An increase in the ambient temperature, especially above 30 °C, reduces the elastic properties and structural viscosity of viscousplastic materials that fill the pore space of a crushed stone prism, thereby reducing its strength. But at the same time, the energy absorption coefficient of vibration in a wide frequency range sharply increases and the dynamic loads on the track gauge profile are decreased. Most often, cheap organic-based compositions are used as dynamic load absorbers in the crushed stone layer: synthetic resins, acrylic acid amide polymers, latexes, lignin sulfonates and bitumen. When filling the pore space of crushed stone, an adhesive interaction occurs between the polymer molecules and the surfaces of the granules. Polymer molecules fill not only the pore space, but also penetrate into the contact area of the granules, reduce friction and decrease the angle of internal friction of crushed stone and the adhesion index of the bulk material. However the operation of railways is associated with permanent deformation and destruction of the surface layers of the polymer. Multiple repetition of the deformation process leads to an increase in mechanical hysteresis losses, causing friction and wear of the polymer in contact with the granules. Therefore, one should not expect a long service life when using a polymeric material for hardening the ballast layer.
Mon chèr beau-père...Mon chèr gendre...
Authors: Deseyn Guido
Published: June 2019

Familiebanden tussen Pieter Van Huffel, oprichter van de katoenfabriek aan de Oudevest, en Lieven Bauwens, stichter van de Gentse katoenindustrie. Geschiedenis van het Miat. Deel 4
Nove mogućnosti liječenja „suhe” senilne makularne degeneracije
Authors: Čaljkušić-Mance Tea , Brumini Ivan , Gržetić-Lenac Renata , Mišljenović-Vučerić Tamara , Alpeza-Dunato Zvjezdana
Published: June 2019

Senilna makularna degeneracija (engl. age-related macular degeneration; AMD) jedan je od najvažnijih uzroka gubitka centralnog vida kod starije populacije. Dijelimo je na „vlažnu” i „suhu” formu, ovisno o prisutnosti koroidne neovaskularizacije (engl. choroidal neovascularization; CNV). Do sada nijedna terapija nije potvrđena i odobrena za liječenje geografske atrofije (engl. geographic atrophy; GA), najtežeg oblika „suhog” AMD-a, jer nije bilo moguće popraviti oštećenja retinalnog pigmentnog epitela (engl. retinal pigment epithelium; RPE) i fotoreceptora. Liječenje se svodilo na pokušaje zaustavljanja progresije oboljenja i širenja geografske atrofije. Namjera ovog članka je prikazati podatke novijih dovršenih i tekućih kliničkih ispitivanja s naglaskom na mjesto djelovanja potencijalnih lijekova. Danas su nam dostupne brojne nove dijagnostičke metode koje nam omogućavaju bolje praćenje morfoloških promjena mrežnice, RPE-a i žilnice, kao i širenja područja atrofije. Oksidativni stres, kronična upala, insuficijentni koroidalni protok krvi te depoziti lipofuscina za koje se pretpostavlja da bi imali važniju ulogu u razvoju bolesti predstavljaju potencijalne mete za djelovanje lijekova. Velik je broj tekućih studija koje istražuju moguća rješenja, kao što su protuupalni i neuroprotektivni lijekovi te matične stanice, dok će samo neki od lijekova biti dostupni na tržištu i pružiti nadu pacijentima za očuvanje centralnog vida, pa ih je potrebno dugoročno pratiti. Uključiti treba i tretman ispodpražnim i mikropulsnim laserom koji je kod nekih oboljenja mrežnice pokazao određene rezultate u revitalizaciji tkiva, a koji koristimo i na našoj Klinici, te su prvi kratkoročni rezultati skromni ali ohrabrujući i zahtijevaju daljnje tretmane i praćenje.
Cystoid macular edema in gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina associated with hyperornithinemia
Authors: Galiot Delić Martina , Kristina Ivkić Petra , Juratovac Zlatko , Perić Sanja , Jukić Tomislav , Juri Mandić Jelena
Published: June 2019

Cilj: Cilj rada je prikazati klinički tijek, dijagnostiku i liječenje šestgodišnje djevojčice s giratnom atrofijom i obostranim cistoidnim edemom makule. Prikaz slučaja: U četverogodišnje djevojčice tijekom sistematskog pregleda nađeni su slabija vidna oštrina i konvergentni strabizam. Nakon dvogodišnjeg liječenja slabovidnosti primjećuje se obostrani makularni edem te se dijete upućuje na daljnju obradu na Kliniku za oftalmologiju. Djevojčica je tada imala vidnu oštrinu 0.15 na oba oka, obostrani edem makule i ovalne zone korioretinalne atrofije na periferiji mrežnice. Uvedena je antiedematozna terapija. Učinjena je cjelovita klinička i laboratorijska obrada i u plazmi nađena visoka koncentracija ornitina, te je postavljena dijagnoza giratne atrofije (GA) korioretine. U terapiju je uveden piridoksin (vitamin B6). Po terapiji je došlo do neznatnog smanjenja koncentracije ornitina u plazmi te je uvedena i prehrana s ograničenim unosom proteina kojom se također nije postigao željeni učinak. Naposljetku je uz navedeno započeto liječenje aminokiselinom L-lizinom. Kombinacija navedenih terapijskih mjera dovela je do značajnog smanjenja koncentracije ornitina u plazmi, koja je smanjena na oko trećinu u odnosu na koncentracije prije početka liječenja. Uz laboratorijske pokazatelje bolje kontrole bolesti zamijećeno je prolazno kliničko poboljšanje, smanjenje makularnog edema, ali se progresija perifernih atrofičnih lezija nije zaustavila. Zaključak: Cistoidni edem makule u pacijenata s giratnom atrofijom praćen je oslabljenom vidnom oštrinom. Unatoč intenzivnom liječenju edem makule perzistira te je vidljiva daljnja progresija atrofičnih žarišta na periferiji fundusa. Smanjenje koncentracija ornitina u plazmi bitan je preduvjet za usporenje progresije bolesti i odgađanje trajnog gubitka vidne funkcije.
Parents of Adolescents Perspectives of Physical Activity, Gaming and Virtual Reality: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: McMichael Lucy , Farič Nuša , Newby Katie , Potts Henry W W , Hon Adrian , Smith Lee , Steptoe Andrew , Fisher Abi
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) exergaming may be a promising avenue to engage adolescents with physical activity. Since parental support is a consistent determinant of physical activity in adolescents, it is crucial to gather the views of parents of adolescents about this type of intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to interview parents of younger adolescents (13-17 years old) about physical activity, gaming, and VR as part of the larger vEngage study.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents. Data were synthesized using framework analysis.

RESULTS

Parents believed that encouraging physical activity in adolescents was important, particularly for mental health. Most parents felt that their children were not active enough. Parents reported their adolescents regularly gamed, with mostly negative perceptions of gaming due to violent content and becoming addicted. Parents discussed an inability to relate to gaming due to “generational differences,” but an exception was exergaming, which they had played with their children in the past (eg, Wii Fit). Specific recommendations for promoting a VR exergaming intervention were provided, but ultimately parents strongly supported harnessing gaming for any positive purpose.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study suggests promise for a VR exergaming intervention, but this must be framed in a way that addresses parental concerns, particularly around addiction, violence, and safety, without actively involving their participation. While parents would rather their children performed “real-world” physical activity, they believed the key to engagement was through technology. Overall, there was the perception that harnessing gaming and sedentary screen time for a positive purpose would be strongly supported.
Disputa de fuego. La marca de propiedad de la Biblioteca de la Real Universidad de México
Authors: Suárez Rivera Manuel
Published: June 2019

El artículo aporta elementos para establecer una marca de fuego con el escudo real de la monarquía hispana del siglo XVIII como proveniente de la Real Universidad de México y no del Colegio Máximo de San Pedro y San Pablo de la ciudad de México, como tradicionalmente se ha asentado desde 1925 en los diferentes catálogos que existen sobre las marcas de fuego de los libros novohispanos. En un primer momento, identifico el origen del error historiográfico y bibliográfico que ha dado por sentado que dicha marca perteneció a un colegio jesuita, después ofrezco una breve historia de la biblioteca universitaria para después ofrecer elementos documentales y estadísticos que permiten establecer de forma definitiva la procedencia de la marca de fuego con el escudo de armas como un sello distintivo de la corporación universitaria.
Tadashi Obara-Saeki y Juan Pedro Viqueira Alban, El arte de contar tributarios: provincia de Chiapas, 1560-1821, México, El Colegio de México, 2017
Authors: Rivero Hernández Iván
Published: June 2019

Reseña sobre Tadashi Obara-Saeki y Juan Pedro Viqueira Alban, El arte de contar tributarios: provincia de Chiapas, 1560-1821, México, El Colegio de México, 2017.
Documentos sobre el asilo eclesiástico en Nueva España: Veracruz y Campeche en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Rodríguez Arrocha Belinda
Published: June 2019

Los siguientes documentos pertenecen a diversos fondos del Archivo General de la Nación de México. Fundamentalmente, versan sobre los conflictos jurisdiccionales derivados del uso del derecho de asilo en las iglesias por parte de los individuos acusados de perpetrar delitos. Corresponden al período borbónico, caracterizado por las profundas transformaciones gubernativas impulsadas en Indias. Asimismo, se circunscriben al espacio geográfico de Veracruz y de Campeche, áreas portuarias que en el siglo XVIII fueron enclaves cruciales para los intercambios mercantiles en el océano Atlántico. Las jurisdicciones implicadas en los conflictos competenciales consignados en estos documentos son la eclesiástica, la militar, la real y la de la Acordada.
Informalizing Formal Logic
Authors: Kakas Antonis
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a way in which formal logic can be understood and reformulated in terms of argumentation that can help us unify formal and informal reasoning. Classical deductive reasoning will be expressed entirely in terms of notions and concepts from argumentation so that formal logical entailment is equivalently captured via the arguments that win between those supporting concluding formulae and arguments supporting contradictory formulae. This allows us to go beyond Classical Logic and smoothly connect it with human reasoning, thus providing a uniform argumentation-based view of both informal and formal logic.
Paving the way to the text: Forms and Functions of Book Titles in Translation
Authors: Nord Christiane
Published: June 2019

When we are looking at the books displayed in the window of a bookshop, what first catches the eye is the title. Titles pave the way to the text, even in a literal sense. In any case, they establish a first contact with a potential readership, informing them, for example, about the genre (novel, non-fiction, children’s book) or the content of the book, praising its qualities, and, if all this raises the readers’ interest, appealing to them to buy and later read the book, or even guiding their interpretation of the text. This shows how important it is that a title is apt to fulfil all these functions - an original title in its own culture, a translated title in the target culture. It is a well-known fact that translators do not normally have the last word in the process of deciding on the title of a book they have translated. Nevertheless, if they can offer good arguments for or against certain title formulations, they might at least be heard. At any rate, just pleading for a “faithful” translation of the original title will not do. There may be a lot of arguments - and not only linguistic ones - against a literal translation, with which translators have to be familiar. The following study is based on a corpus including titles of fictional, nonfictional and children’s books in English, German, French and Spanish. After justifying the classification as titles as texts, and even a genre with its own culture-specific conventions, it aims at showing the forms and functions of book titles in order to provide a sound foundation for their translation, discussing some of the problems derived from this functional perspective.
Working on Сomputer-Assisted Translation platforms: New advantages and new mistakes
Authors: Ovchinnikova Irina Germanovna
Published: June 2019

The paper presents analysis of errors in translation on the CAT platform Smartcat, which accumulates all tools for computer-assisted translation (CAT) including a machine translation (MT) system and translation memory (TM). The research is conducted on the material of the translation on Smartcat platform (a joint project of a tourist guide translation (35,000 words) from Hebrew to Russian, English, and French). The errors on the CAT platform disclose difficulties in mastering text semantic coherence and stylistic features. The influence of English as lingua franca appears in peculiar orthographic and punctuation errors in the target text in Russian. Peculiar errors in translation on the CAT platform reveal the necessity of advanced technological competence in translators. The peculiar errors uncover problems associated with a source text segmentation into sentences. The segmentation can trigger a translator to preserve the sentence boundaries and use a Russian complicated compound sentence that provoke punctuation errors. Difficulties of the anaphora resolution in distant semantically coherent segments are also associated with the source text segmentation and working window formatting. A joint project presupposes different translators to translate different files of the source document. To generate the coherence, contiguity and integrity of the whole document, the files have to be revised by a third-party editor to avoid conflict of interest. The editor-reviser is also responsible for improving the target text pragmatic and genre characteristics while applying top-down strategy to target text analysis. Thus, the translator’s errors while applying CAT tools reveal the effect of bottom-up text processing alongside with cross-language interference.
The excess of sanitary norms on noise from motor transport in the cities of Irkutsk and Angarsk (Irkutsk agglomeration)
Authors: Novikova Svetlana A
Published: June 2019

Acoustic pollution is a type of negative impact on the environment. According to the World Health Organization, the increased noise level is the second largest after pollution of the atmospheric air by the environmental cause of health problems in the population of industrial and transport cities. The increase in the number of road transport in the cities of the Irkutsk region leads to an increase in noise levels, its penetration into residential, public and office buildings. The increase in noise is also associated with the construction of new highways, bridges and roundabouts in cities. The article assesses noise pollution in large cities of the Irkutsk region. Observations on the composition and intensity of traffic at major intersections, highways and residential areas were carried out. With help of the sound level meter, noise level measurements were made in the daytime and at night and noise maps of the levels of the urban road network were constructed. The legislative basis for noise regulation in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union has been studied. A set of measures is suggested that contributes to reducing the acoustic impact on residents of the cities of the Irkutsk region.
Residency Faculty Teaching Evaluation: What Do Faculty, Residents, and Program Directors Want?
Authors: Myerholtz Linda , Reid Alfred , Baker Hannah M. , Rollins Lisa , Page Cristen P.
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Residency Program Requirements stipulate that each faculty member’s performance be evaluated annually. Feedback is essential to this process, yet the culture of medicine poses challenges to developing effective feedback systems. The current study explores existing and ideal characteristics of faculty teaching evaluation systems from the perspectives of key stakeholders: faculty, residents, and residency program directors (PDs).
Methods: We utilized two qualitative approaches: (1) confidential semistructured telephone interviews with PDs from a convenience sample of eight family medicine residency programs, (2) qualitative responses from an anonymous online survey of faculty and residents in the same eight programs. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze the interviews and survey responses. Data collection occurred in the fall of 2017.
Results: All eight (100%) of the PDs completed interviews. Survey response rates for faculty and residents were 79% (99/126) and 70% (152/216), respectively. Both PD and faculty responses identified a desire for actionable, real-time, frequent feedback used to foster continued professional development. Themes unique to faculty included easy accessibility and feedback from peers. Residents expressed an interest in in-person feedback and a process minimizing potential retribution. Residents indicated that feedback should be based on shared understanding of what skill(s) the faculty member is trying to address.
Conclusions: PDs, faculty, and residents share a desire to provide faculty with meaningful, specific, and real-time feedback. Programs should strive to provide a culture in which feedback is an integral part of the learning process for both residents and faculty.
Patient and Physician Preferences for Reporting Research Findings
Authors: Mostofsky Elizabeth , Dunn Jillian A. , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Mittleman Murray A.
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: Although absolute risks provide useful information on the number of excess cases attributable to a harmful exposure or the number of fewer cases attributable to an effective treatment, most research findings are reported in terms of multiplicative effects of exposure on the outcome. We aimed to examine patient and physician preferences for communicating research findings in terms of additive and multiplicative measures of effect and measures of heterogeneity of treatment effects.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 76 patients and 26 physicians at an academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. Trained study staff conducted interviews about interpretations of study findings.
Results: Physicians were equally likely to prefer the number needed to harm or the risk ratio as the most useful measure for making informed health decisions, and patients strongly preferred risk ratios. Participants perceived changes in risk as larger when they were presented using multiplicative measures such as risk ratios than when presented as additive measures such as the risk differences or number needed to treat or harm.
Conclusions: Despite the importance of considering absolute risks and benefits of treatment options, patients and physicians who rely on study findings for making informed decisions often prefer relative measures.
Identifying Students at Risk of Failing the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills Examination
Authors: Rosenthal Susan , Russo Stefani , Berg Katherine , Majdan Joseph , Wilson Jennifer , Grinberg Charlotte , Veloski Jon
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: New standards announced in 2017 could increase the failure rate for Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS). The purpose of this study was to identify student performance metrics associated with risk of failing.
Methods: Data for 1,041 graduates of one medical school from 2014 through 2017 were analyzed, including 30 (2.9%) failures. Metrics included Medical College Admission Test, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1, and clerkship National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Examination scores; faculty ratings in six clerkships; and scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Bivariate statistics and regression were used to estimate risk of failing.
Results: Those failing had lower Step 1 scores, NBME scores, faculty ratings, and OSCE scores (P<.02). Students with four or more low ratings were more likely to fail compared to those with fewer low ratings (relative risk [RR], 12.76, P<.0001). Logistic regression revealed other risks: low surgery NBME scores (RR 3.75, P=.02), low pediatrics NBME scores (RR 3.67, P=.02), low ratings in internal medicine (RR 3.42, P=.004), and low OSCE Communication/Interpersonal Skills (RR 2.55, P=.02).
Conclusions: Certain medical student performance metrics are associated with risk of failing Step 2 CS. It is important to clarify these and advise students accordingly.
The Family Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire: A Valid Instrument to Assess Student Attitudes Toward Family Medicine
Authors: Phillips Julie P. , Prunuske Jacob , Fitzpatrick Laurie , Mavis Brian
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: Medical student attitudes toward family medicine influence student likelihood of choosing family medicine and the US primary care physician workforce. We sought to refine and assess the validity of the Family Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire, an instrument that assesses student attitudes toward family medicine in US medical students.
Methods: A 24-item questionnaire, including items assessing students’ attitudes toward family medicine’s importance, family physician shortage, family medicine research, family systems, family physicians’ expertise, and lifestyle, was offered to fourth-year students at 16 US medical schools. We evaluated the questionnaire’s content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity. Content validity was assessed using a qualitative approach to direct observation, construct validity by data reduction and iterative factor analyses, and criterion validity by correlating items with intention to match into family medicine.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 1,188 (44.9%) of 2,644 students invited to complete it; 10 items were removed in the validation process. The final 14-item instrument had a Cronbach α of 0.767. Total score correlated with family medicine specialty choice (P<.001). A questionnaire score of 56 or higher is 78.1% sensitive and 65.3% specific for identifying students who intend to match into family medicine. In regression analysis, questionnaire score was an independent predictor of choosing family medicine (odds ratio 1.289, confidence interval 1.223-1.347).
Conclusions: The Family Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing US medical student attitudes toward family medicine. This tool will help educators assess the impact of curricular and policy interventions designed to promote family medicine specialty choice.
Educação patriótica como ensino de História
Authors: Otto Clarícia , Giacomini Raquel De Melo
Published: June 2019

Este artigo é resultado parcial da pesquisa “História e Educação: investigações sobre a apropriação do conhecimento histórico”, a qual conta com bolsa de iniciação científica PIBIC/CNPq – BIP/UFSC. Com base em 122 entrevistas depositadas no acervo do Museu da Escola Catarinense, em Florianópolis (SC), essa pesquisa busca analisar processos de constituição do saber histórico escolar em Santa Catarina. No entanto, para este artigo, selecionou-se 86 entrevistas, as quais apontam para questões relacionadas ao ensino da história da pátria. Ou seja, o conteúdo dessas entrevistas permite a visualização da produção de um passado comum a um grupo de professores, isto é, a produção de referenciais para o desenvolvimento de atividades escolares em torno de rituais cívicos e de símbolos relacionadas às tradições nacionais. Desse modo, pretende-se destacar a dimensão da história ensinada, inscrevendo-a na interlocução entre a escrita da história e da memória nacionais.
Cidades educadoras / aprendentes: uma nova cena urbana
Authors: Morigi Valter
Published: June 2019

O texto aborda uma reflexão de uma concepção de educação, onde os limites tradicionais da educação escolar são questionados e se aponta uma possível superação do ensino restrito aos espaços escolares. Novos personagens educativos seriam os diversos indivíduos espalhados pela cidade, organizados em espaços como associações de bairro, clubes esportivos, igrejas e templos,organizações não-governamentais, todas as entidades dispostas a um novo enfoque para o ensino-aprendizagem.Propõe-se uma nova concepção de cidade onde o papel da administração assuma o caráter organizador e estruturador de políticas e ações educativas, de maneira integrada nas diversas esferas de atendimento aos cidadãos, interligando secretarias, fundações, departamentos e outras divisões numa nova conectividade de acesso ao poder público.
Habilidades sociais na infância: uma experiência nos Anos Iniciais
Authors: Vebber Fernanda , Bencke Jardim Alessandra
Published: June 2019

O Projeto ‘Habilidades sociais na infância: uma experiência nos Anos Iniciais’ propõe a sensibilização às habilidades sociais em sala de aula como uma possível estratégia para desenvolver habilidades e competências sociais e melhorar as relações interpessoais considerando a função social da escola e a perspectiva de promoção da qualidade de vida e saúde na infância e adolescência. Esta proposta orientou-se pelas pesquisas de Zilda Del Prette e Almir Del Prette e foi desenvolvida no decorrer do ano letivo com os alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, tendo como foco as habilidades de autocontrole/ expressividade emocional e de fazer amizades. De modo geral, observou-se redução na freqüência de conflitos interpessoais e respeito ao cumprimento de combinações da turma que envolviam a consideração ao outro.