bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de imagens Landsat-8 no mapeamento das lavouras cafeeiras nos municípios do entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó
Authors: Campanha Guilherme Fernandes , Souza Inês Viana de , Ferrari Jéferson Luiz , Peluzio Telma Machado de Oliveira , Simão João Batista Pavesi
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se mapear as lavouras cafeeiras nos municípios do entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PARNA Caparaó) utilizando imagens do sensor Operational Land Imager - Landsat-8, no período referente a junho de 2014. O mapeamento foi realizado em Sistema de Informação Geográfica. O algoritmo empregado foi o da máxima verossimilhança. A qualidade da classificação foi avaliada pelos índices desempenho global e Kappa. Constatou-se que as lavouras cafeeiras nos municípios do entorno do PARNA Caparaó ocupam área de 594,52 km². Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores áreas com café foram Iúna/ES (123,47 km²) e Espera Feliz/MG (115,04 km²). Os resultados encontrados estão condizentes com desempenho global de 0,647 e Kappa de 0,216.
SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO NA AMORIS LAETITIA: REPROPONDO UMA ANTROPOLOGIA TEOLÓGICA DA ALEGRIA
Authors: Almeida Andre Luiz Boccato de
Published: April 2018

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como escopo analisar as frequências e incidências do pensamento ético teológico do grande doutor dominicano, Santo Tomás de Aquino, na exortação pós-sinodal Amoris Laetitia (AL). As dezenove (19) citações no texto conclusivo sugere-nos que no seu pensamento se encontra um resgate sólido, sábio, prudente e sereno de uma tradição a ser revisitada sempre e que nos propicia pensar em uma verdadeira antropologia teológica da alegria. O objetivo é o de repropor uma teologia do matrimônio que encontra seu enraizamento em uma visão do amor fecundo, mais que em uma concepção jurídico canônica. A reflexão discorrerá em dois momentos. No primeiro, se apresentará a moral matrimonial presente em Amoris Laetitia (AL) com as implicações próprias. No segundo, propõe­-se a analisar cada número citado do pensamento de Santo Tomás na exortação de Francisco, mostrando as mudanças de posturas morais propostas por este ma­gistério. Enfim, na conclusão sintetizaremos as ideias mais relevantes do artigo. O resultado a ser obtido é o de demonstrar que a exortação pós-sinodal não apenas avança em uma postura moral, mas também repropõe a antropologia teológica de Santo Tomás como referencial para o debate teológico, abrindo a possibilidade de uma nova forma de acompanhar pastoralmente os casais e as famílias a partir da experiência do amor humano e suas possíveis variações ao longo da vida.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to analyze the frequency and occur­rences of the theological ethical thinking of the great Dominican doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas, in the post-synodal exhortation Amoris Laetitia (AL). The nineteen (19) quotations in the concluding text suggest that, in his thinking, there is a solid, wise, prudent and serene tradition, always to be revisited, that allows us to think of a true theological anthropology of joy. The purpose is to re-examine a theology of marriage that finds its roots in a vision of fruitful love, rather than in a canonical juridical conception. The reflection will be presented in two moments. In the first, the marital morality present in Amoris Laetitia (AL) will be discussed with its own implications. In the second, we propose to analyze each number quoted from the thought of St. Thomas in the exhortation of Francis, showing the changes of moral postures proposed by this magisterium. Finally, in the conclusion, we will synthe­size the most relevant ideas of the article. The result sought is to demonstrate that the post-synodal exhortation not only shows progress in terms of moral posture, but also re-proposes the theological anthropology of St. Thomas as a reference for the theological debate. This opens the possibility of a new way of accompanying couples and families pastorally, based on the experience of human love and its possible variations throughout life.
An Efficient Preprocessing Algorithm for Image-based Plant Phenotyping
Authors: Attari Hesam , Ghafari-Beranghar Ali
Published: April 2018

Plants are such important keys of biological part of our environment, supply the human life and creatures. Understanding how the plant’s functions react with our surroundings, helps us better to make plant growth and development of food products. It means the plant phenotyping gives us bio information which needs some tools to reach the plant knowledge. Imaging tools is one of the phenotyping solutions which consists of imaging hardware such as the camera and image analysis software analyses the plant images changings such as plant growth rates. In this paper, we proposed a preprocessing algorithm to eliminate the noise and separate foreground from the background which results the plant image to help the plant image segmentation. The preprocessing is one of important levels has effect on better image segmentation and finally better plant’s image labeling and analysis. Our proposed algorithm is focused on removing noise such as converting the color space, applying the filters and local adaptive binarization step such as Niblack. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm with other algorithms by testing a variety of binarization methods.
Culture, ageing and the construction of pain
Authors: Lane Pauline , Smith David
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the authors seek to discuss some of the complexities involved in cross-cultural working in relation to the communication and management of pain in older people. Specifically, the paper addresses the culture construction of ageing and how pain is often constructed as a natural part of ageing. The authors also suggests that with the rise of the ideology of active-ageing many older people who are disabled or living in chronic pain, may feel a moral imperative to hide pain and ill-health. The discussion extends into looking at the impact of culture and the communication of pain, including specific idioms of distress, somaticize and the lay-management of pain through stoicism.
We Should Continue the Half-Century History of Applications of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Medicine, Agriculture and Forestry: A Mini-Review
Authors: Oberemok Volodymyr , Laikova Kateryna , Repetskaya Anna , Kenyo Igor , Gorlov Mikhail , Kasich Igor , Krasnodubets Alisa , Gal'chinsky Nikita , Fomochkina Iryna , Zaitsev Aleksei , Bekirova Viktoriya , Seidosmanova Eleonora , Dydik Ksenia , Meshcheryakova Anna , Nazarov Sergey , Smagliy Natalya , Chelengerova Edie , Kulanova Alina , Deri Karim , Subbotkin Mikhail , Useinov Refat , Shumskykh Maksym , Kubyshkin Anatoly
Published: April 2018

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), short single-stranded polymers (based on DNA or RNA chemistries) synthesized in vitro, regulate gene expression by binding in a sequence-specific manner to a RNA target. The functional activity and selectivity in the action of ASOs largely depends on the combination of nitrogenous bases in a target sequence. This simple and natural property of nucleic acids provides an attractive route by which scientists can create different ASO-based techniques. Over the last 50 years, planned and realized applications in the field of antisense technologies have produced astonishing results and posed new challenges for further developments, exemplifying the essence of the post-genomic era. This mini-review critically analyzes some successful cases using the antisense approach in medicine to address severe diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, and suggests some prospective directions for future research. We also examine in detail the elaboration of insect-specific DNA insecticides and RNA preparations in the areas of agriculture and forestry, a relatively new branch of ASO that allows circumvention of the use of non-selective chemical insecticides. When considering the variety of successful ASO modifications with an efficient signal-to-noise ratio of action, coupled with the affordability of in vitro oligonucleotide synthesis and post-synthesis procedures, we predict that the next half-century will produce a fruitful yield of tools created from effective ASO-based end products.
Physics Learning with Metacognitive Approach through Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Reciprocal Learning (RL) model Viewed from Students' Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Sulasih Sulasih , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: April 2018

Teachers have not been optimal in strengthening students' cognitive awareness in learning physics. This study aims to determine the effect of learning with a metacognitive approach through Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Reciprocal Learning (RL) model among students who have high critical thinking ability and low critical thinking ability. This research is an experimental study with the 2x2x2 factorial design. Object research is students of grade 11 science class in a high school in Central Java. The sample was obtained by cluster random sampling technique obtained by one class as an experimental and another class as a control. Data collection techniques use test techniques for their cognitive learning outcomes as well as their critical thinking skills and questionnaire and observation techniques for their attitude and skill learning outcomes. Analysis of the data using ANOVA 2 ways. The results show: (1) there are differences in learning outcomes between students who were given Physics learning model of PBL with reciprocal learning model. (2) There are differences in learning outcomes between students who have high critical thinking skills and low critical thinking skills. (3) There is no interaction between physics learning of PBL model and Physics learning of reciprocal learning model with students' critical thinking ability.
Education System in Ethiopia and India: Comparative Analysis of Selected Educational Issues
Authors: Sime Tariku , Latchanna Gara
Published: April 2018

In the era of globalization, nations invest in their education system to be the best so that their children can fit to the order of the day through acquiring and developing the necessary skills, knowledge, values and dispositions. The institutions meant to provide these services: schools, colleges/universities, based on the education policy, play indispensable role to face the challenges of contemporary society especially in the 21st century. The article explored how Ethiopian and Indian education systems are similar and different based on the major unit of analysis viz. historical development, education and training policy, structure of the education system, teacher quality and teaching environment, and governance and financing in education. In other words, it dealt with issues where both countries differ and how they are leading the student’s progression from their pre-primary to terminal degree programs with far-reaching recommendations to augment the value of education.
Role of BMI in Spiritual Intelligence, Narcissism, and Body Image of College Students
Authors: Agarwal Swati , Tanmayi K. V. N.
Published: April 2018

Spiritual intelligence is our capacity for developing meaning, vision and value and allows us to dream and to strive. Narcissism is characterized by indulgence in excessive self-love, selfishness, feelings of superiority, disregard for others, lack of empathy, illusions of grandiosity, and the use of people for one’s self gain. Body image relates to a person’s perceptions, feelings and thoughts about his or her body. A 3x2 factorial design was employed to observe the main and interaction effects of BMI (low, normal and high) and gender on spiritual intelligence, narcissism and body image in college students. Further, a correlational design was used to determine the predictors of the dimensions of body image from spiritual intelligence and narcissism. A non probability purposive sampling technique was used to gather data from 360 college students (180 boys and 180 girls) of low, normal and high BMI. There was a significant influence of BMI on fatness evaluation and negative effect. Significant gender differences were seen in some of the dimensions of all the three variables. Also, interaction effect between BMI and gender were reported in certain cases. Results also showed that spiritual intelligence, critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, conscious state expansion and narcissism were found to be significant predictors of various criterion variables. Spiritual intelligence can be explored in more than one population in order to gain a better understanding of its influence over body image. Based on the results of the current research study, interventions could be designed which aim at enhancing the understanding of spirituality and spiritual intelligence. This would, in turn, contribute to the fostering of a desirable body image in college students.
Challenges of finance accessibility by SMEs in the democratic republic of Congo: is gender a constraint?
Authors: Woldie Atsede , Mwangaza Laurence Bushige , Thomas Brychan
Published: April 2018

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality of all countries, regardless of the level of development. Nevertheless, in developing countries, they are exposed to several challenges affecting their business operations and growth. Among others, access to external financing has been cited to be the most pressing challenge for SMEs in developing economies. The lack of accessibility has been indicated to result from the deficiencies observed from both financial institutions and SMEs. Further, it has been discovered that from the SMEs’ perspective, gender, among other entrepreneurial characteristics, has a role in accessing finance. This paper surveys a sample of 109 SMEs in the Democratic Republic of Congo not only to find what are the challenges faced in seeking finance, but also to investigate the extent to which gender impacts access to finance. The evidence gathered shows that finance is really constraining, there are more rejections than approvals of finance due to the lack of collateral, high interest rates and the inability of SMEs to develop attractive and bankable projects. With regards to gender, the findings were somehow assuring in the sense that when both women and men apply for external finance, they stand the same chances of accessing finance. Recommendations were established to all the actors. SMEs must put more effort into regulating their businesses in order to reduce their risks and build strong relationships with lenders. Financial institutions should not only reconsider the interest rates as they were perceived to be extremely high, but also train SMEs to be “more bankable”. Lastly, the Government should implement policies to support firms and render the business environment more appealing for both SMEs and financial institutions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALEXITHYMIA IN THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Brel E. Iu. , Stoianova I. Ia.
Published: April 2018

The article considers alexithymia as one of the important factors of mental health. The paper presents materials of empirical research on this phenomenon in personality structure of patients with cardiovascular diseases (64 people) and "apparently healthy" subjects (85 people). The obtained results of factorization of alexithymia indicate that alexithymia as a psychological characteristic is significantly expressed, if considered in the context of mental and psychosomatic health. Alexithymia is a separate factor of personality structure in patients with cardiovascular diseases and is involved in each separate factor, which makes it a prominent part of the psychological characteristics of the "apparently healthy" respondents. The research materials can be used to improve the effectiveness of treatment in the development and testing of clinical and psychological support. Such support should be aimed at teaching patients new ways of constructive interaction with society and raising their awareness of their own emotional pains, which they have to be able to identify and tell from ordinary somatic states.
REPRESENTATION OF THE MORPHEMIC COMPOSITION OF THE VERBAL WORD FOR LINGUODIDACTIC PURPOSES
Authors: Akimova I. I.
Published: April 2018

The article deals with a number of issues related to the morphology of the Russian verb. The research was performed according to the "objective grammar" of the Russian language in the framework of the Functional-Communicative Grammar (M.V. Vsevolodova's School). The aim of the study is to correlate the morphemic composition of the Russian verb and the meaning of "perfective aspect" vs. ‘imperfective aspect" forms of the verb, to distinguish the actual correlation of the aspects and the phenomenon of the methods of verbal action (the so-called characterized verbs). The author proceeds from the premise that a clear understanding of the aspect will improve the method of cross-lingual matching as well as make Russian classes more effective for non-Slavic speakers. The factors of linguistic relativity, their content and means of expression, predetermine a need for a comparative analysis of the lexical-grammatical category of the verbal form embracing the methods of verbal action as a means of expressing the category of verbal aspect and the possibilities of expressing similar meanings in Chinese. The functional-communicative approach allows for a linguodidactic description, relevant for the entire language system (objective grammar); a comparative approach will remove many of the linguistic barriers of a foreign student whose mother tongue is an analytic language.
THE PRINCIPLES OF ARTISTIC UNITY IN THE BOOKS BY Y. MORITS IN THE 2000S
Authors: Vladimirov O. N.
Published: April 2018

The current paper features the principles of artistic integrity in the books by Y. Morits published in the 2000s («Лицо», «Таким образом», «По закону – при- вет почтальону», «Рассказы о чудесном», «Сквозеро», «Ванечка» etc.). These works reveal such powerful semantic pairs as word and graphics, child and adult, temporal and eternal etc. They go back to the archetypal, mythological binary oppositions that are the results of cognition and methods of orientation and harmonization. In Moritz’s oeuvre these paired combinations display the author’s individual poetic vision of the world. The recurring motives of duplicity (duality) are connected with these binaries. The ratio of the components of these combinations is subdued to the universal principle for Morits’s oeuvre, i.e. the principle of anamorphosis (alternation, overflowing, reflection). This principle is embodied on different levels in her books and her ouevre in general. The complication of the principles of artistic integrity in Morits’s works created in the recent decade involves the deepening and widening of the contextual relations between these books, as well as with her previous works and with Russian and world literature and history in general.
LEXICAL GAPS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LEGAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Shkilev R. E.
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the phenomenon of gaps in legal terminology of the English language from the point of view of its Russian translation. The author analyzes the approaches to understanding lexical gaps. Examples of terminological gaps have been selected from English-English explanatory dictionaries. The selected terminological units have no equivalents in legal terminology of the Russian language. The study reveals the role of the commentary in rendering the meaning of terminological gaps. While considering the factors determining the existence of gaps, the author pays attention to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The research revealed a number of lexical gaps among the terms of international law. English-Russian termninological dictionaries in some cases contain the explanations of notional gaps. The use of transliteration is a signal of notional gap. The conclusion is made about the connection between the perception of gaps and the structures of one’s mother tongue. The social and historical character of the gaps under study has been proved to be well-grounded. The author emphasizes the importance of detailed definitions for adequate rendering of the gaps.
MILITARY AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS IN 1990 – EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Kazakov M. A. , Lyscev M. S.
Published: April 2018

The article considers the most significant aspects of military cooperation between Russia and Japan within the framework of the development of interstate relations in the Post-Soviet period. It features the main factors that influence the content and intensity of contacts between the defense departments. The current study assesses the interaction in the context of the military-political situation in the north of the Asia-Pacific region and the models of the development of the Russian Military Forces and Japan's self-defense forces. The process of cooperation in the field of defense policy has been divided into several chronological stages, but the stability of the region has always remained a priority. It is concluded that further development of military cooperation between Russia and Japan may give positive results in the fight against international terrorism, as well as prevent uncontrolled actions in case a negative scenario unfolds on the Korean peninsula. The interaction of the Russian Federation and Japan in the military sphere and security is becoming one of the drivers of the development of relations between the countries in the near future, along with economic and technological spheres and cultural exchange. The process of military cooperation between the states, in turn, has already become a factor of stability in the northern part of the Asia-Pacific region.
SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE OF SENIOR CITIZENS WHO EXPERIENCED GERONTOLOGICAL ABUSE
Authors: Bozhenkova K. A. , Bokhan T. G. , Terekhina O. V.
Published: April 2018

The article presents the results of a study of the subjective quality of life in elderly people who have experienced gerontological violence. Methods of research: questionnaire SF‑36 for general state of health assessment; a questionnaire aimed at studying the psychological content of gerontological abuse (Puchkov P. V., 2009). As a result, it was revealed that the majority of respondents who experienced gerontological abuse had a significantly limited ability to perform daily routine associated with physical stress (climbing stairs, lifting things, walking, etc.). They are more vulnerable and more sensitive to behavioral changes associated with emotional states. They often restrict social contacts, the level of communication with family, relatives, friends, neighbors, etc. due to the deterioration of physical and emotional state. Depressive, anxious experience and mental ill-being have a negative impact on emotional sphere. Most of the respondents are experiencing a psychological, economic kind of violence and a disdainful attitude on the part of their relatives. The new scientific data obtained can be used in the development of the gerontological direction in the developmental psychology, as well as in the crisis psychological support for senior citizens.
Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Potential Drug Target for Malaria
Authors: Pereira Pedro H. Scarpelli , Curra Chiara , Garcia Celia R.S.
Published: April 2018

Parasites of Plasmodium genus are responsible for causing malaria in humans. Resistant
strains to all available antimalarials can be found in several locations around the globe, including parasites
resistant to the latest generation of combination drugs, such as piperaquine + artemisinin. Plasmodium
develops between two completely different hosts such as a vertebrate one and the mosquito vector,
thus it has the ability to adapt to very extreme and different environments. Through the complex life cycle
in the hosts, Plasmodium invades and replicates in totally different cells thus making the study of the
biology of the parasite and the identification of targets for drug development affecting all stages very
difficult. It was shown that host molecules, such as melatonin and derivatives, have a role in the progression
and regulation of the parasite cell cycle; In fact, when the parasite is exposed to melatonin there is
an increase in transcription levels of genes encoding for proteins related to the Ubiquitin Proteasome
(UPS) System. This system is essential for the survival of the parasite, and drugs such as bortezomib,
MLN-273, ZL3B, epoxomicins and salinosporamides are capable of eliminating the parasite by inhibiting
the degradation of proteins via the proteasome system. In addition, the Plasmodium UPS shows low
similarity to the ubiquitin proteasome system in Humans; the identification of unique targets to be used
for therapeutic molecules development increases the importance of UPS studies in malaria challenging.
Drugs that cause oxidative stress, such as artemisinin, show a strong synergistic effect with proteasome
inhibitors, increasing the possibilities of combined therapies, which are more effective with lower concentration
of drugs. Thus, the study of the mechanism of action of the UPS and the identification of potential
targets for new drugs development are promising alternative strategies to fight the drug-resistance
problem in malaria parasites.
Visible Light Detection of Dopamine Enhanced by Cloud Point Extraction
Authors: Aslıhan Avan Asiye , Filik Hayati
Published: April 2018

Background:

Monitoring of DA, in the presence of other chemical analogues such as epinephrine,
norepinephrine, serotonin, ascorbic acid, uric acid, catechol, phenethylamine, tyramine, and
tyrosine, is crucial in the diagnosis and mechanistic understanding of human neuropathology. Therefore,
the determination of DA at trace levels has become a very important analytical task, as part of health safety and
forensic analysis.

Introduction:

A cloud point extraction (CPE) process was developed for the isolation and detection of
dopamine in food, urine, and pharmaceutical samples.

Methods:

In this procedure, dopamine was derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and sodium
sulphite in aqueous solution. The isoindole derivative was synthesized by the reaction of OPA and sodium
sulphite with the amino group of dopamine and the resulted isoindole derivatives were extracted
by cloud point extraction. After extraction process, the concentration of enriched analyte was measured
by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The parameters affecting the CPE such as concentration of surfactant
and electrolyte, equilibration temperature and time and pH of sample solution were investigated.

Results:

After optimization of the CPE conditions, the linear range of 8-80 µM (without extraction 100-
1000 µM) was established for dopamine with detection limit at 2.6 µM.

Conclusion:

The developed extraction procedure was applied to the quantification of dopamine in
chocolate, urine, and pharmaceutical samples. The study ensures a promising strategy for the detection
of dopamine in the presence of biological constituents, e.g. ascorbic acid, uric acid, and serotonin.
Trust Models in Grid Computing: A Review
Authors: Sharma Dolly , Singh Shailendra , Mittal Mamta
Published: April 2018

Background:

Grid computing relates to a pool of resources to be shared by users in Grid Environment. Security of the resources from users and vice-versa is a significant issue. This is where the notion of trust comes into existence. A number of researchers have proposed models for evaluation of trust in grid computing, but they fail to spot one or the other parameters for trust evaluation. The essence of trust models in grid computing is that they offer autonomic trust management. An autonomic trust model has been patented by Z. Yan and C. Prehofer in 2009. Another patent was published by Anna University in 2010 to evaluate the trustworthiness of a resource provider in Grid environment.

Objective:

This paper firstly focuses and illustrates these essential parameters. Based on these parameters, further, a comparison of some existing models for trust evaluation is shown. Finally, common parameters missed out by various models have been highlighted giving way for improvements of Trust model.

Methods:

A Trust evaluation model has been proposed by us previously based on a number of real-world trust evaluation parameters. This model sees trust as a three-dimensional entity. Trust is based on Dempter Shafer’s theory in which trust is calculated mathematically.

Results:

Software trust needs to be calculated mathematically. There are a large number of real-world parameters that need to be included for evaluating trust.

Conclusion:

As trust models in research are based on simulation techniques, so it is important to include real-world factors that affect trust value of one entity on other. Some of those parameters, missed by most of the models have been identified for inclusion in future trust models.
Evaluación de biomarcadores cardiopulmonares durante diferentes etapas de Leishmaniasis visceral canina
Authors: Canberh Balikci , Kerem Ural
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. El propósito del presente estudio fue probar la hipótesis de que las alteraciones cardíacas participan en diferentes estadios de CVL. Materiales y métodos. Perros fueron diagnosticados con CVL, se clasificaron de la siguiente manera; Grupo I (enfermedad leve), grupo II (enfermedad moderada), grupo III (enfermedad grave), grupo IV (enfermedad muy grave) y grupo V controles sanos incluidos. Resultados. Los anticuerpos Ig G contra la leishmaniasis en el grupo como probado por IFAT, se consideraron 1/64 a 1/16000 entre los grupos infectados. Considerando los niveles de cTnI, hubo diferencias significativas (p=0,018). Entre el grupo IV y el grupo control sano, además entre el grupo IV y el grupo I. Considerando los niveles D-dímero, hubo diferencia entre el grupo control sano y el grupo II, III y IV (p=0,005). Teniendo en cuenta los niveles de NT-proBNP, hubo diferencia estadística entre el grupo de control sano y el estadio III, IV, además entre la etapa I con estadio III, IV (p=0,000). Conclusiones. Los resultados mostraron que los niveles de cTnI, Nt pro-BNP y D-dímero fueron mayores en perros infectados con CVL en contraste con perros sanos, en los que los niveles de estos biomarcadores estaban por debajo de los límites de detección. Los resultados obtenidos sugirieron la posibilidad de que cTnI y NT pro-BNP como marcadores de daño cardíaco y D-dímero como una herramienta de apoyo para un diagnóstico de tromboembolismo probable en perros con CVL.
Los procedimientos dentales postnatales afectan la ganancia de peso y el bienestar de los lechones
Authors: Menegatti Lucas , CC Silva Kaine , A Baggio Rafael , S Silva Aleksandro , Paiano Diovani , LAN Zotti Maria
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. Este estudio fue realizado para evaluar la ganancia de peso, mortalidad, proteínas plasmáticas (BP), lesiones faciales en los lechones y en las cerdas, grasa dorsal (P2) y lesiones en los pezones en lechigadas sometidas a diferentes manejos dentales. Materiales y métodos. La investigación fue conducida en una granja comercial de cría. Fueron utilizadas quince cerdas, divididas en tres grupos: control, en el cual los dientes de los lechones permanecieron intactos; descolmille con alicate; descolmille con limadora eléctrica. Nosotros evaluamos WG, BP (cinco machos/lechigada), mortalidad, lechones de baja viabilidad y lesiones faciales en los lechones. En las cerdas, nosotros evaluamos P2 y la escala de lesiones en los pezones. Los datos de BP, escala de lesiones y WG fueron evaluados individualmente. Para el WG, el peso inicial y el tamaño de la lechigada fueron considerados. Acerca de las otras variables, nosotros usamos el peso promedio de la lechigada. Cuando hubo diferencias, las medias fueron comparadas usando la prueba de Duncan (p<0.05). Resultados. En la primera semana, los lechones del GT presentaron mayor WG. En la segunda semana el CT presentó la peor WG. En las dos primeras semanas así como en el período total, los lechones del CT presentaron peor WG de que los del GT. La mortalidad y los lechones de baja viabilidad no fueron influenciados. Después del cuarto día, el CT y el GT redujeron las lesiones faciales. No hubo efectos en BP. Los tratamientos no influenciaron P2 y las lesiones en los pezones. Conclusiones. Los tratamientos no influenciaron en la mortalidad, lechones de baja viabilidad, BP de los lechones y en la escala de lesiones en los pezones de las cerdas. CT redujo la ganancia y IT aumentó las lesiones faciales.
Caracterización del sistema bovino doble propósito en el noroeste de México: productores, recursos y problemática
Authors: Cuevas-Reyes Venancio , Rosales-Nieto César
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. El estudio consistió en realizar una caracterización del sistema bovinos de doble propósito y los factores que limitan la productividad de este sistema en el norte de Sinaloa, México. Materiales y Métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta a 214 productores y la información se analizó mediante un análisis de factores y de conglomerados. Resultados. El análisis de factores identificó cinco componentes; nivel de recursos, productividad, nivel tecnológico, manejo del ganado y aspectos socioeconómicos. Estos cinco factores explican el 70.5% del total de la varianza acumulada. El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres clústers: Clúster 1 (105 productores, 52.5%) se definió sistema enfocado a la producción de leche, Clúster 2 (83 productores, 41.5%) definido como explotaciones tradicionales productoras de carne y leche y Clúster 3 (12 productores, 6%) definido como explotaciones enfocadas la producción de carne. Los tres clústers presentan un manejo similar del ganado (p>0.05). Los productores de los clústers basan sus estrategias de alimentación del ganado en el pastoreo con suplementación estacional de ensilaje y concentrado comercial, no obstante, cada clúster tiene diferentes (p<0.05) niveles de uso de recursos. Conclusiones. El presente estudio identifico, en los sistemas bovino de doble propósito del norte de Sinaloa, como problemas principales una baja producción de leche y escasez de forraje que se manifiesta en múltiples estrategias que siguen los productores para resolverla. Los aspectos sociales y el nivel de recursos (tierra, animales, maquinaria, equipo e infraestructura) juegan un papel importante por lo que deben de ser considerados de manera independiente para la definición de estrategias tecnológicas diferenciadas.
Calidad de la leche: factores asociados al personal vinculado al ordeño
Authors: Esguerra Juan C , Cassoli Laerte D , Múnera-Bedoya Oscar D , Cerón-Muñoz Mario F , Machado Pablo F
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. Identificar factores asociados a altos y bajos niveles de recuentos de células somáticas (RCS) en tanques de hatos lecheros del Sudeste de Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 68 hatos lecheros con niveles altos y bajos de RCS en tanque. Para identificar factores asociados al personal vinculado al ordeño y relacionarlos con RCS se aplicaron encuestas y listas de chequeo para la rutina y el equipo de ordeño. Resultados. El personal vinculado al ordeño, administración y gestión del productor explicaron hasta el 40.28% de la variabilidad entre rebaños, mientras que el bienestar y la estabilidad del ordeñador explicaron hasta el 28%. La planeación y organización del productor fueron relevantes en el RCS, al igual que el estado del equipo y la rutina de ordeño. Análisis separados de empleado y propietario permitiero concluir que existe mayor variabilidad para los primeros, diferenciándose por conocimientos en la producción de leche y el manejo de la mastitis, la rutina y la experiencia. Conclusión. Existen factores clasificatorios en los sistemas de ordeño del sudeste de Brasil asociados al personal, el equipo y la rutina de ordeño. El entendimiento de estos factores posibilitará la implementación de estrategias que permitan producir leche de mejor calidad.
Caracterización de mortalidad embrionaria en pollos de engorde
Authors: Peñuela S Adriana , Hernandez V Aureliano
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar la incidencia de mortalidad embrionaria (ME) en huevos de estirpes Ross 308 en una empresa de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el cual se siguieron durante la incubación, por medio de ovoscopía y embriodiagnóstico, 4 grupos de huevos provenientes de reproductoras de 4 edades diferentes. Se reporta el porcentaje de infertilidad, de malformaciones, malposición, huevos fisurados y contaminados. Resultados. La ME general alcanzó 16.08% IC95%(14.69; 17.60) y fue diferente entre los grupos de edad (p<0.001); esta fue mayor para los huevos de reproductoras de 64 semanas con 27.66% IC95% (23.92; 31.99) y menor para las de 47 semanas con 8.84% IC95% (6.97; 11.22). En la primera semana de incubación murió el 57.53% de los embriones y se presentó el pico de muerte entre los días 1 y 3; la segunda semana murió el 38.42%, con un máximo de muertes entre el día 19 y 21. Conclusiones. Este estudio, es el primero de su naturaleza para la zona y la estirpe y permitió confirmar el comportamiento bifásico de la ME aunque existen variaciones en los picos de mortalidad atribuidas posiblemente a las diferencias de las condiciones de producción propias de las empresas.
Editorial
Authors: Hand Michael
Published: April 2018

Much ink has been spilt on the question of how philosophy might be taught in schools—on the forms of pedagogy appropriate to the subject, the levels of abstraction at which children can think, and the philosophical problems most likely to inspire their interest. Rather less attention has been given to exactly why it should be taught. Perhaps, to most philosophers involved in classroom experimentation, the benefits of acquainting children with philosophy have seemed self-evident and the burning question has been how to go about it. But, in fact, the benefits are not self-evident. And even if they were, it would remain to be shown that they are equal to or greater than the benefits of the other subjects and activities vying for space in the school curriculum.The contributors to this special issue of Journal of Philosophy in Schools take up this challenge. Their remit was to advance and defend answers to the question ‘Why should philosophy be taught in schools?’ While the contributors differ in their conceptions of philosophy and their reasons for championing it, their arguments are largely complementary and make a compelling cumulative case for the inclusion of philosophy in the school curriculum.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ALKALOID FRACTIONS OF LITSEA CUBEBA LOUR. FRUITS
Authors: Dalimunthe Aminah , Zaitun Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa , Silalahi Jansen , Satria Denny
Published: April 2018

Objective: The oxidation induced by free radicals results in many degenerative disease. The purpose of this study is to determine antioxidant activities of alkaloid fractions of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) fruit.Methods: L. cubeba Lour. was extracted by maceration. Ethanol extract was fractionated with liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane and chloroform at pH 3, 7, 9, and 11 to obtained alkaloid fractions. Antioxidant activity for extract and fractions was determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.Results: The IC50 of extract and fractions was 219.43±0.43, 242.97±0.93, 92.38±0.17, 40.84±0.04, 103.83±3.29, and 103.75±0.42 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The results reveal that alkaloid fractions of L. cubeba fruits have very strong antioxidant potential. Our further study is to isolate the alkaloid compounds.
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SAURAUIA VULCANI KORTH. LEAVES
Authors: Sitorus Panal , Rosidah Rosidah , Rosidah Rosidah , Rosidah Rosidah , Satria Denny , Satria Denny , Satria Denny
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani Korth. leaves.Methods: S. vulcani Korth. leaf powder was extracted by maceration method with ethanol 96%. Hypoglycemic activity was examined on rats which is induced with streptozotocin 40 mg/Kg body weight (BW) at dose of 50; 100; and 200 mg/Kg BW.Results: Hypoglycemic activity of the extract in diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels (p<0.001) at dosage 50 mg/Kg BW.Conclusion: The results reveal that ethanol extract of S. vulcani Korth. leaves has hypoglycemic activity. Our further study is to assess mechanism action as antidiabetic.
THE EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITION ON VIABILITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN PROBIOTIC PRODUCT
Authors: Trisnawita Yuni , Silalahi Jansen , Sinaga Siti Morin
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage condition on viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in probiotic product.Methods: Four different of probiotic products used were A (Lacto B), B (Rillus), C (Interlac), and D (Lacbon) containing single or mixed LAB. The product was stored at temperature of 4°C and 28°C for 28 days. Viability test of LAB was done by counting a number of colony bacteria that live on de man, Rogosa, and Sharpe Agar.Results: The results of the study showed that counts of the LAB colonies in product A were less at the label (5.04×107 cfu/sachet), whereas in products B, C, and D were matching with the label. Storage at a temperature of 28°C for 28 days showed significant loss on the viability of LAB in product C (p<0.05).Conclucion: Storage temperature affecting on viability of LAB in probiotic product where storage at temperature 4°C is higher than 28°C for 28 days.
IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF SUN PROTECTION FACTORS ON ETHANOL EXTRACT AND NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER-BASED GEL EXTRACT OF MULBERRY ROOT (MORUS ALBA L.)
Authors: Faizatun Faizatun , Asto Shella Dayu
Published: April 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of sun protection factors on extract and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) gel of mulberry root extract.Methods: In this study, the root mulberry (Morus alba L.) was extracted using 96% ethanol and tested its sun protective factor (SPF) values. Mulberry root extract made into NLC with solvent evaporation method. The NLC was evaluated and dispersed into the gel, NLC gel was tested SPF value by petro method.Results: The result shows that the SPF value extracts of mulberry root at the concentration 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm were 10.84, 28.17, and 66.65, respectively. While the SPF values of NLC gel extract of mulberry root at the concentration of 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm were 9.11, 22.87, and 45.76, respectively.Conclusion: It could be concluded that extract and NLC gel of mulberry root extract have potential in ultraviolet protection against the skin.
CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOL FRACTION OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL. LEAVES AGAINST THE VERO CELLS
Authors: Safriana Safriana , Rosidah Rosidah , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Satria Denny
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the cytoprotective effect of ethanol fraction (EtF) of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaves EtF against Vero cells which induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).Methods: Cytoprotective effects of EtF were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide to Vero cells which induced by 0.8 mM H2O2, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was analyzed by immunocytochemistry.Results: EtF was showed the largest percentage viable cell (78.75±2.51%) at 50 μg/mL. In the analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry was showed the percentage of viable cell count of 59.56% and EtF was decreased the expression of ROS.Conclusion: EtF has cytoprotective activity toward Vero cells induced by 0.8 mM H2O2.
BLACK CUMIN OIL (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) AMELIORATE SPATIAL MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN ADULT MICE DUE TO TEMOZOLOMIDE TREATMENT
Authors: Zulfikri Zulfikri , Harahap Urip , Ichwan Muhammad
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the preventive effect of black cumin oil (BCO) on spatial memory impairment due to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment.Methods: Female Swiss albino mice (n=28) were divided into four groups that received aquadest per oral (p.o), TMZ intraperitoneal (i.p) and aquadest p.o, TMZ i.p and BCO 0.1 ml p.o, and TMZ i.p and BCO 0.2 ml p.o, respectively. After 9 weeks, the mice were subjected to Morris water Maze (MWM) test. The time to find the platform (latency time) was analyzed as the indicator of memory performance.Results: We found that mice treated with TMZ (i.p) spent significantly more time to find the platform during memory acquisition phase (on day 3) than the other groups. Interestingly, the group treated with TMZ (i.p) and BCO 0.2 ml significantly had shorter latency time than the other groups, indicating the preservation of spatial memory after TMZ treatment.Conclusion: This result indicates that BCO can ameliorate the detrimental effect of TMZ on spatial memory in adult mice.
DRY EXTRACT OF BLACK RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AS ANTIOXIDANT IN THE FORM OF FUNCTIONAL DRINK
Authors: Gangga Erlindha , Aini Qurratun
Published: April 2018

Objective: Based on previous research, black rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been proven to have antioxidant activity which is classified in the very strong category, approximately 41.5 bpj. this The aim of this study was to produce antioxidant functional drink.Methods: Simplicia powder prepared from black rice (O. sativa L.) sample by extracting with 70% ethanol solvent using kinetic maceration, followed by phytochemical screening, determination of extract quality, drying extract with freeze-drying method, then dry extract obtained used to produce functional drinks on which evaluation and antioxidant activity test carried out. The antioxidant activity test used in this research was DPPH-free radical scavenging method.Results: Screening result showed that both simplicia and extract contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Result from dried extract quality determination shown to be thick consistency, has blackish-purple color, has specific aroma and bitter, water-soluble extract content of 59.04%; ethanol-soluble extract content of 69.77%; moisture content of 7.65%; loss on drying 9.40%; total ash content of 5.17%; acid-insoluble ash content of 0.84%; water-soluble ash content 4.15%; and residual solvent 0.44%. Pb and Cd metal contamination were 1.1994 mg/kg and 0.0905 mg/kg, respectively. Total plate count microbial contamination TNTC and the number of yeast and mold found to be 0.0387×103 colony/g. Evaluation test of functional drinks with powder type and found to be blackish-purple, and specific aroma, and total plate count microbial contamination was 0.310×103 colony/g, and the number of yeast and mold found was 0.6997×102 colony/g. Result of IC50 antioxidant activity of viscous extract was 37.5587 bpj; dried extract was 231.0101 bpj; dried extract (distilled water) was 44.7412 bpj; and functional drinks were 46.3594 bpj.Conclusion: Thus, results suggest that dried black rice’s extract and functional drink produced found to have very strong antioxidant activity.