bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opsonizing and Bactericidal Activity of Antibodies Against Common Antigen of
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Domingue Gerald J. , Neter Erwin
Published: January 2020

Domingue, Gerald
J. (State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.),
and Erwin Neter
. Opsonizing and bactericidal activity of antibodies against common antigen of
Enterobacteriaceae
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
129–133. 1966.—In addition to the well-known O, H, K, and Vi antigens,
Enterobacteriaceae
produce a common antigen, which was first identified by hemagglutination tests with
Escherichia coli
O14 antiserum. Studies on the biological significance of this antigen by in vitro phagocytic experiments have revealed that opsonization is markedly enhanced in the presence of the corresponding antibody, rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and normal rabbit serum. This effect is specific, because
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, which is devoid of this antigen, is not opsonized under these conditions, and removal of the antibody by absorption markedly reduces the uptake of enteric bacteria containing the antigen. Opsonization thus represents another method for the study of this antigen-antibody system. Bactericidal tests have revealed that antibodies against this antigen, engendered in rabbits by different strains of enteric bacteria and various procedures, are bactericidal for
E. coli
O14 but not for other enteric bacteria, possibly due to previously demonstrated differences between the antigen moieties obtained from these microorganisms.
Thermoinactivation of Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Vonka Vladimir , Benyesh-Melnick Matilda
Published: January 2020

Vonka, Vladimir
(Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.),
and Matilda Benyesh-Melnick
. Thermoinactivation of human cytomegalovirus. J. Bacteriol.
91:
221–226. 1966.—The inactivation at 4 and 37 C of several strains of human cytomegalovirus was studied. The preliminary findings that freshly harvested cytomegalovirus was inactivated more rapidly at 4 C than at higher temperatures was confirmed. Intracellular virus still within infected cells was found to be more stable at 4 C than virus released by sonic treatment just before incubation at 4 C. The composition of the diluent played an important role. In tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer, virus was unstable at both 4 and 37 C, with the rate of inactivation faster at 4 than at 37 C. Similar results were obtained when bicarbonate-phosphate buffer or Eagle's medium when bicarbonate was used as virus diluent. Calf serum stabilized the virus at 37 C, but not at 4 C. The deletion of bicarbonate from Eagle's medium had a stabilizing effect at both temperatures. An even greater stabilizing effect at both 4 and 37 C was obtained when distilled water was used as virus diluent. Inactivation rates varied from one strain to the next at 4 C but not at 37 C. Differences were found also with virus progeny derived from a single strain, but harvested at different stages during virus multiplication. Virus harvested early was more labile at 4 than at 37 C, whereas the late virus was more labile at the higher temperature. Intracellular and extracellular virus preparations were inactivated at the same rates at either 4 or 37 C.
Nucleotide Composition of Nucleic Acids of Fungi II. Deoxyribonucleic Acids
Authors: Storck Roger
Published: January 2020

Storck, Roger
(The University of Texas, Austin). Nucleotide composition of nucleic acids from fungi. II. Deoxyribonucleic acids. J. Bacteriol.
91:
227–230. 1966.—The nucleotide composition of the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) present in extracts of 30 species of fungi was determined. The results were analyzed, together with those in the literature. It was found that the content, in moles per cent of guanine plus cytosine (GC content), varied from 38 to 63% in a distribution composed of 9 species of zygomycetes, 14 of ascomycetes, and 9 each of deuteromycetes and basidiomycetes. The GC content ranges were: 38 to 48% for the zygomycetes, 38 to 54% for the ascomycetes, 47 to 62% for the deuteromycetes, and 44 to 63% for the basidiomycetes. The GC content ranged from 38 to 40% for four
Mucor
species. The base composition of fungal DNA appears, therefore, to have a taxonomic and phylogenetic significance.
Gene Recombination and Segregation of Resistance Factor R in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Hashimoto Hajime , Hirota Yukinori
Published: January 2020

Hashimoto, Hajime
(Osaka University, Osaka, Japan),
and Yukinori Hirota
. Gene recombination and segregation of resistance factor R in
Escherichia coli
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
51–62. 1966.—Independent chloramphenicol-sensitive (CM
s
) mutants of the drug-resistance factor R were isolated. Introduction of two different R factor CM
s
mutants into a single bacterium, by conjugation or transduction, gave chloramphenicol-resistant (CM
r
) colonies when such strains were plated on a medium containing chloramphenicol (Cm). These CM
r
colonies resulted from recombination between two R factors contained within the same cell. Most of the CM
r
colonies were heterogeneous, and segregation of drug-resistance markers was observed among the progeny. Segregated bacteria which still carried the recombinant R factor were stable for resistance to Cm as well as for other markers of R. All the markers of recombinant R factors were cotransducible with high coincidence and at the same frequency as wild-type R. Sensitive mutants of R which had lost all the resistance markers of the R factor were found also. A mutation of R, referred to as SMA, which was sensitive to streptomycin and sulfanilamide, was capable of reverting to resistance to both of these drugs simultaneously. The sensitive alleles for SMA, CM, and TC were shown to be recessive to the resistance alleles. Mutants of R having multisite mutations or deletions in the CM gene were isolated and used to analyze the pattern of linked segregation of unselected markers of the recombinant R factor. The drug resistance factor R was shown to have two linkage groups, CM—SMA and TC—
m
.
Purification and Characterization of
Clostridium botulinum
Type B Toxin
Authors: Gerwing Julia , Dolman Claude E. , Kason David V. , Tremaine Jack H.
Published: January 2020

Gerwing, Julia
(The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada),
Claude E. Dolman, David V. Kason, and Jack H. Tremaine
. Purification and characterization of
Clostridium botulinum
type B toxin. J. Bacteriol.
91:
484–487. 1966.—A toxic component of low molecular weight has been isolated from a type B strain of
Clostridium botulinum
by methods involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and elution through diethylaminoethyl cellulose at
p
H 5.6. The material thus isolated was shown to be monophoretic and monodisperse in the ultracentrifuge. End-group analysis indicated the presence of a single N-terminal amino acid residue, which was identified as arginine. On the basis of biophysical studies and amino acid analyses, a molecular weight between 9,000 and 10,000 was calculated.
Mechanism of Adenine Inhibition in Adenine-Sensitive Mutants of
Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Dalal Fram R. , Gots Ronald E. , Gots Joseph S.
Published: January 2020

Dalal, Fram
R. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia),
Ronald E. Gots, and Joseph S. Gots
. Mechanism of adenine inhibition in adenine-sensitive mutants of
Salmonella typhimurium
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
507–513. 1966.—The inhibition of growth of
Salmonella typhimurium
by adenine was studied with three adenine-sensitive mutants. These mutants were acutely sensitive to inhibition by adenine, were prototrophic in their growth requirements, and represented mutational events in three different genetic loci. In all cases, inhibition by adenine was relieved noncompetitively by thiamine (or its pyrimidine moiety), pantothenate (or its pantoyl moiety), and methionine alone or, more efficiently, in the presence of lysine. Kinetics of reversal indicated that adenine inhibited the synthesis of the reversing agents, probably at the level of a common factor required for their syntheses, such as the folic acid coenzymes. Support for this inference has been found by the facts that one of the mutants was identified as a partial auxotroph for
p
-aminobenzoic acid, and sulfadiazine could sensitize the wild type to acute inhibition by adenine.
Analyses of Deoxyribonucleic Acid of
Neisseria caviae
and other
Neisseria
Authors: LaMacchia Elizabeth H. , Pelczar Michael J.
Published: January 2020

LaMacchia, Elizabeth
H. (University of Maryland, College Park),
and Michael J. Pelczar, Jr.
Analyses of deoxyribonucleic acid of
Neisseria caviae
and other
Neisseria
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
514–516. 1966.—The base composition of deoxyribonucleate preparations extracted from 11 strains of
Neisseria caviae
, expressed in terms of mole per cent guanine plus cytosine ranged from 47.7 to 50.4, with an average of 49.2. This compared closely with the values obtained for DNA from two strains of
N. perflava
, which were 49.2 and 50.5%, as well as with published values for most other
Neisseria
species. The values obtained for five strains of
N. catarrhalis
, however, ranged from 42.3 to 45.7%. These results suggest that
N. caviae
may be more closely related to
Neisseria
spp. other than
N. catarrhalis
.
Light-Induced Lysis and Carotenogenesis inMyxococcus xanthus
Authors: Burchard Robert P. , Dworkin Martin
Published: January 2020

Burchard, RobertP. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis),and Martin Dworkin. Light-induced lysis and carotenogenesis inMyxococcus xanthus. J. Bacteriol.91:535–545. 1966.—Myxococcus xanthus, grown vegetatively in the light, developed an orange carotenoid after the cells entered stationary phase of growth; pigment content increased with age. Cells grown in the dark did not develop carotenoid and could be photolysed by relatively low-intensity light only during stationary phase; rate of photolysis increased with age. Photolysis adhered to the reciprocity law, was temperature-independent and oxygen-dependent, and required the presence of nonspecific, monovalent cations; it was inhibited by one of several divalent cations. Logarithmic-phase cells were photosensitized by 100,000 ×gpellet preparations of sonic-treated stationary-phase cells grown in the light and dark. A porphyrin with a Soret band at 408 mμ was isolated from photosensitive cells; logarithmic-phase cells contained about 1/16 the amount of porphyrin of stationary-phase cells. The purified material had spectral and chemical properties of protoporphyrin IX and photosensitized logarithmic-phase cells. Its spectrum was similar to the action spectrum for photolysis. We concluded that protoporphyrin IX is the natural endogenous photosensitizer. Carotenogenesis was stimulated by light in the blue-violet region of the visible spectrum and was inhibited by diphenylamine, resulting in photosensitivity of the cells. Photoprotection by carotenoid was lost in the cold. A mutant which synthesized carotenoid in the light and dark was photosensitive only after growth in diphenylamine. The ecological significance of these phenomena is discussed.
Development of an Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Efficacy Test Using Human Scavenger Receptor B2 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Imura Ayumi , Sudaka Yui , Takashino Ayako , Tamura Kanami , Kobayashi Kyousuke , Nagata Noriyo , Nishimura Hidekazu , Mizuta Katsumi , Koike Satoshi
Published: January 2020

The development of new vaccines for EV71 relies on the availability of small animal models suitable for
in vivo
efficacy testing. Monkeys and neonatal mice have been used, but the use of these animals has several drawbacks, including high costs, limited susceptibility, and poor experimental reproducibility. In addition, the related ethical issues are considerable. The new efficacy test based on hSCARB2 Tg mice and virulent EV71 strains propagated in genetically modified cell lines presented here can overcome these disadvantages and is expected to accelerate the development of new EV71 vaccines.
Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation
Authors: Chen Xia , Li Pan , Liu Mian , Zheng Huimin , He Yan , Chen Mu-Xuan , Tang Wenli , Yue Xiaojing , Huang Yongxin , Zhuang Lingling , Wang Zhijian , Zhong Mei , Ke Guibao , Hu Haoyue , Feng Yinglin , Chen Yun , Yu Yanhong , Zhou Hongwei , Huang Liping
Published: January 2020

Objective

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of PE remains unknown.

Design

We performed a case–control study to compare the faecal microbiome of PE and normotensive pregnant women by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. To address the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and PE, we used faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in an antibiotic-treated mouse model. Finally, we determined the microbiome translocation and immune responses in human and mouse placental samples by 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation.

Results

Patients with PE showed reduced bacterial diversity with obvious dysbiosis. Opportunistic pathogens, particularlyFusobacteriumandVeillonella, were enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria, includingFaecalibacteriumandAkkermansia, were markedly depleted in the PE group. The abundances of these discriminative bacteria were correlated with blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, aminotransferase and creatinine levels. On successful colonisation, the gut microbiome from patients with PE triggered a dramatic, increased pregestational BP of recipient mice, which further increased after gestation. In addition, the PE-transplanted group showed increased proteinuria, embryonic resorption and lower fetal and placental weights. Their T regulatory/helper-17 balance in the small intestine and spleen was disturbed with more severe intestinal leakage. In the placenta of both patients with PE and PE-FMT mice, the total bacteria,Fusobacterium, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the gut microbiome of patients with PE is dysbiotic and contributes to disease pathogenesis.
A 96 GeV Higgs boson in the N2HDM
Authors: Biekötter T. , Chakraborti M. , Heinemeyer S.
Published: January 2020

We discuss a $$\sim 3\,\sigma $$∼3σ signal (local) in the light Higgs-boson search in the diphoton decay mode at $$\sim 96 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$∼96GeV as reported by CMS, together with a $$\sim 2\,\sigma $$∼2σ excess (local) in the $$b {{\bar{b}}}$$bb¯ final state at LEP in the same mass range. We interpret this possible signal as a Higgs boson in the 2 Higgs Doublet Model with an additional real Higgs singlet (N2HDM). We find that the lightest Higgs boson of the N2HDM can perfectly fit both excesses simultaneously, while the second lightest state is in full agreement with the Higgs-boson measurements at $$125 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$125GeV, and the full Higgs-boson sector is in agreement with all Higgs exclusion bounds from LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC as well as other theoretical and experimental constraints. We show that only the N2HDM type II and IV can fit both the LEP excess and the CMS excess with a large ggF production component at $$\sim 96 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$∼96GeV. We derive bounds on the N2HDM Higgs sector from a fit to both excesses and describe how this signal can be further analyzed at the LHC and at future $$e^+e^-$$e+e- colliders, such as the ILC.
Pricing Strategy for New Products with Presales
Authors: Feng Shuai , Hu Xiaojian , Yang Aifeng , Liu Jiqiong
Published: December 2019

An increasing number of firms and retailers use presale strategies to induce customers to purchase before new products enter the market to increase their market share. Presales have gradually become a hot issue in business and academic circles. Based on a skimming pricing strategy and a penetration pricing strategy, this paper uses the different choice behaviors of two types of consumers to investigate the pricing strategy of preselling new products. The results show that if the proportion of fashion consumers is relatively low and their willingness to buy in the spot channel is below the threshold, the retailer should focus on traditional consumers by using a skimming pricing strategy; otherwise, the retailer should switch to a penetration pricing strategy. Moreover, we find that to gain more profits, the retailer should introduce a presale channel using either a penetration pricing or skimming pricing strategy. The introduction of a presale channel may not only reduce inventory risk and cost and enhance the market share and profitability of the enterprise but also help consumers avoid the risk of shortage and enhance their sense of security.
Some Improved q‐Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and Their Applications to Multiattribute Group Decision‐Making
Authors: Xu Lei , Liu Yi , Liu Haobin
Published: December 2019

As a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (q‐ROFS) is a new concept in describing complex fuzzy uncertainty information. The present work focuses on the multiattribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) approach under the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy information. To begin with, some drawbacks of the existing MAGDM methods based on aggregation operators (AOs) are firstly analyzed. In addition, some improved operational laws put forward to overcome the drawbacks along with some properties of the operational law are proved. Thirdly, we put forward the improved q‐rung orthopair fuzzy‐weighted averaging (q‐IROFWA) aggregation operator and improved q‐rung orthopair fuzzy‐weighted power averaging (q‐IROFWPA) aggregation operator and present some of their properties. Then, based on the q‐IROFWA operator and q‐IROFWPA operator, we proposed a new method to deal with MAGDM problems under the fuzzy environment. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapies to Heal Long-Bone Nonunions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis—Which Is the Best Available Treatment?
Authors: Palombella Silvia , Lopa Silvia , Gianola Silvia , Zagra Luigi , Moretti Matteo , Lovati Arianna B.
Published: December 2019

Nonunions represent one of the major indications for clinical settings with stem cell-based therapies. The objective of this research was to systematically assess the current evidence for the efficacy of bone marrow-derived cell-based approaches associated or not with bone scaffolds for the treatment of nonunions. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and CENTRAL up to July 2019 for clinical studies focused on the use of cell-based therapies and bone marrow derivatives to treat bone nonunions. Three investigators independently extracted the data and appraised the risk of bias. We analysed 27 studies including a total number of 347 participants exposed to four interventions: bone marrow concentrate (BMAC), BMAC combined with scaffold (BMAC/Scaffold), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), and BMSC combined with scaffold (BMSC/Scaffold). Two controlled studies showed a positive trend in bone healing in favour of BMAC/Scaffold or BMSC/Scaffold treatment against bone autograft, although the difference was not statistically significant (RR 0.11, 95% CI -0.05; 0.28). Among single cohort studies, the highest mean pooled proportion of healing rate was reported for BMAC (77%; 95% CI 63%-89%; 107 cases,n=8) and BMAC/Scaffold treatments with (71%; 95% CI 50%-89%; 117 cases,n=8) at 6 months of follow-up. At 12 months of follow-up, an increasing proportion of bone healing was observed in all the treatment groups, ranging from 81% to 100%. These results indicate that BMAC or BMAC/Scaffold might be considered as the primary choice to treat nonunions with a successful healing rate at a midterm follow-up. Moreover, this meta-analysis highlighted that the presence of a scaffold positively influences the healing rate at a long-term follow-up. More case-control studies are still needed to support the clinical improvement of cell-based therapies against autografts, up to now considered as the gold standard for the treatment of nonunions.
Near-Infrared Road-Marking Detection Based on a Modified Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hu Junping , Abubakar Shitu , Liu Shengjun , Dai Xiaobiao , Yang Gen , Sha Hao
Published: December 2019

Pedestrians, motorist, and cyclist remain the victims of poor vision and negligence of human drivers, especially in the night. Millions of people die or sustain physical injury yearly as a result of traffic accidents. Detection and recognition of road markings play a vital role in many applications such as traffic surveillance and autonomous driving. In this study, we have trained a nighttime road-marking detection model using NIR camera images. We have modified the VGG-16 base network of the state-of-the-art faster R-CNN algorithm by using a multilayer feature fusion technique. We have demonstrated another promising feature fusion technique of concatenating all the convolutional layers within a stage to extract image features. The modification boosts the overall detection performance of the model by utilizing the advantages of the shallow layers and the deep layers of the VGG-16 network. The training samples were augmented using random rotation and translation to enhance the heterogeneity of the detection algorithm. We have achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 89.48% and 92.83% for the baseline faster R-CNN and our modified method, respectively.
Interleukin-1β Enhances Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion Ability on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction
Authors: Wu Tsai-Yi , Liang Ya-Han , Wu Jiahn-Chun , Wang Hwai-Shi
Published: December 2019

The migration of administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to sites of injury via the bloodstream has been demonstrated. However, the underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord MSC adhesion to endothelial cells during transendothelial migration are still unclear. In this study, our data showed that IL-1β induced LFA-1 expression on MSCs and ICAM-1 expression on HUVECs. We then pretreated MSCs with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The results showed that IL-1β induced LFA-1 expression on the surface of MSCs via the protein synthesis pathway. Through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor SB 203580, we found that IL-1β induces the expression of LFA-1 through p38 MAPK signaling and enhances ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs. In addition, IL-1β-induced MSC adhesion to HUVECs was found to be inhibited by IL-1RA and the LFA-1 inhibitor lovastatin. These results indicate that IL-1β promotes the cell adhesion of MSCs to HUVECs through LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. We address the evidence that the cell adhesion mechanism of IL-1β promotes MSC adhesion to HUVECs. The implications of these findings could enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
Bilateral Oval and Round Window Atresia on CT Temporal Bone: A Rare Anomaly Clinically Mimicking Otosclerosis in an Adult
Authors: Ahmed Manzoor , More Yogesh Indrasen , Basha Shaik Irfan
Published: December 2019

We present a rare adult case of bilateral oval and round window atresia. Clinical and audiologic findings were suggestive of otosclerosis. High resolution CT Temporal bones showed unequivocal findings of bilateral oval and round window atresia. Atresia of these windows is a rare temporal bone anomaly. Presentation as an adult can confound the clinicians and warranting a closer look on the CT for atretic windows and subtle signs of otosclerosis in patients with conductive hearing loss.
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Harrell C. Randall , Fellabaum Crissy , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Markovic Bojana Simovic , Djonov Valentin , Volarevic Vladislav
Published: December 2019

Glaucoma represents a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that conduct visual information from the retina to the brain. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the main reason for enhanced apoptosis of RGCs in glaucoma. Currently used therapeutic agents are not able to repopulate and/or regenerate injured RGCs and, therefore, are ineffective in most patients with advanced glaucoma. Accordingly, several new therapeutic approaches, including stem cell-based therapy, have been explored for the glaucoma treatment. In this review article, we emphasized current knowledge regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome in the treatment of glaucoma. MSCs produce neurotrophins and in an exosome-dependent manner supply injured RGCs with growth factors enhancing their survival and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs are able to generate functional RGC-like cells and induce proliferation of retinal stem cells. By supporting integrity of trabecular meshwork, transplanted MSCs alleviate IOP resulting in reduced loss of RGCs. Moreover, MSCs are able to attenuate T cell-driven retinal inflammation providing protection to the injured retinal tissue. In summing up, due to their capacity for neuroprotection and immunomodulation, MSCs and their secretome could be explored in upcoming clinical studies as new therapeutic agents for glaucoma treatment.
The Effectiveness of Environmental Policy Mix: Evidence from the Zhejiang Sewage Treatment Policy
Authors: Wu Peng , Cheng Huifang , Li Hongyi
Published: January 2020

The development of more effective environmental policies is a common concern among scholars, government and the public. This paper attempts to investigate whether the environmental policy mix can really work. Taking the “Five Water Co-Treatment” policy of Zhejiang Province as an example, we applied the synthetic control method to examine the impact of multi-objective environmental policies on industrial sewage discharge and urban sewage discharge in Zhejiang. Further, we analyzed the effect of industrial value added and the length of water pipelines on sewage discharge and examined the potential environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationships. Our results of synthetic control imply that the “Five Water Co-Treatment” policy has increased the industrial and urban sewage discharge. However, the results of the extended analysis show that this is a process of standardizing sewage discharge and an embodiment of enhanced sewage treatment capacity. Therefore, we believe that the “Five Water Co-Treatment” policy is effective and should continue to advance.
Real-time implementation of a novel hybrid fuzzy sliding mode control of a BLDC motor
Authors: Mousmi Ali , Abbou Ahmed , El Houm Yassine
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a novel hybrid control of a BLDC motor using a mixed sliding mode and fuzzy logic controller. The objective is to build a fast and robust controller which overcome classical controllers’ inconveniences and exploit the fast response of brushless dc motors characterized by an intense torque and fast response time. First the paper study pros and cons of both sliding mode and fuzzy logic controllers. Then the novel controller and its stability demonstration are presented. Finally the proposed controller method is used for the speed control of a BLDC motor 3KW. The obtained results are compared with those of a fuzzy logic and a conventional sliding mode controller. It allows to show performance of the proposed controller in terms of speed response and reaction against disturbances, which is improved more than 5 times without losing stability or altering tracking accuracy
Comparative study between the NLPI controller and the CPI controller
Authors: Touhami Mohammed , Sicard Pierre , Hazzab Abdeljebar , Mokhtari Fouad
Published: December 2019

Unquestionably, the classic CPI controller dominates the industry and has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement. because its setting remains intuitive and more practical. On the other hand, these disadvantages lie in the fact that most of them reach a compromise in terms of speed of response and stability. Even worse, such an approach becomes insufficient at the increasingly demanding speeds demanded by the industry. in this context the NLPI controller is currently presented as an alternative. With its simple tuning method and robustness to process parameter variations, it stands out as a valuable addition to the toolbox of control engineering specialists. This paper aims to provide a simulation-based study using a MAS controlled by IFOC, comparing the PI controller system to the NLPI controller system. The results will be in favor of the last one.
Broken rotor bar fault diagnostic for DTC Fed induction motor using stator instantaneous complex apparent power envelope signature analysis
Authors: Salah Lachtar , Adel Ghoggal , Khaled Koussa , Ahmed Bouraiou , Issam Attoui
Published: December 2019

The broken rotor bar is an unexpected fault and a common cause of induction motor failures that threaten the structural integrity of electric machines. In this paper, a new approach to a broken rotor bar diagnosis, without slip estimation, based on the envelope of the stator instantaneous complex apparent power (SICAP) is proposed. The envelope is obtained from the SICAP modulation and then transferred to a computer for monitoring the characteristic frequency and its amplitude using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). For this purpose, the winding function approach (WFA) is used to simulate the broken rotor bar occurrence in a squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) fed on direct torque control (DTC). The obtained simulation results confirm the interest and efficiency of the proposed technique. Even when the induction motor is operating at the no-load level condition, the proposed method is also efficient to detect the broken rotor bar fault at low slip.
A comparative study of nonlinear circle criterion based observer and H∞ observer for induction motor drive
Authors: Berrezzek Farid , Bourbia Wafa , Bensaker Bachir
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with a comparative study of circle criterion based nonlinear observer and H∞ observer for induction motor (IM) drive. The  advantage of the circle criterion approach for nonlinear observer design is that it directly handles the nonlinearities of the system with less restriction  conditions in contrast of the other methods which attempt to eliminate them. However the H∞ observer guaranteed the stability taking into account disturbance and noise attenuation. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization approach is used to compute the gains matrices for the two observers. The simulation results show the superiority of H∞ observer in the sense that it can achieve convergence to the true state, despite the nonlinearity of model and the presence of disturbance.
Design of new power generating circuit for passive UHF RFID tag
Authors: El Boutahiri Abdelali , Ouremchi Mounir , Rahali Ahmed , El Alaoui Mustapha , Farah Fouad , El khadiri Karim , Tahiri Ahmed , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we propose a new power generating circuit for passive ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID tag. The proposed power generating circuit consists of a RF limiter, a high power efficiency and high sensitivity full wave radio frequency (RF) wave rectifier and a low-power regulator with NMOS diodes work like a DC-limiter. The design method proposed in this study use one low drop out (LDO) regulator to provide tow output stable supply voltages vdd1 of value 1V for the digital section supply, and vdd2 of value 0.5V for the analog front-end section power supply. The proposed power generating circuit is optimized in terms of power consumption of RFID tag system to have a high operating range under conditions of 50 Ohm antenna, -24 dBm input RF power, 900MHz and 1 M DC, with low power dissipation and 29.15% large power conversion efficiency. The power generating circuit was designed, simulated and layouted in Cadence using TSMC 180 nm technology. The final design occupies approximately 0.25mm2.
A high voltage direct current transmission system : natural and selective harmonic cancellation
Authors: Benaboud Aziza , Rufer Alfred
Published: December 2019

This study focused on the special High Voltage Direct Current technology. The context is given by combining two original solutions; the first solution, using a natural harmonic cancellation, consists to connect in series two classical frequency inverters which are coupled to the grid through a specific transformer connection.  On the other hand, the second solution is achieved by using three, five or more level converters in square wave modulation, in order to eliminate some selective harmonics by optimizing a switching angle. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed High Voltage Direct Current transmission systems offer high efficiency, unity power factor and better current and voltage quality with fewer harmonic.
Transmission system regularization with 5-level cascaded IPFC
Authors: Gurijala Sridhar Babu , Srikanth K S , Nittala Ramchandra , Reddy G. Rohit
Published: December 2019

In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.
Voltage regulation and phase quantity increase of two high-power 12-phase rectifiers
Authors: Safonov Valery , Dziuba Mikhail
Published: December 2019

In this article, we present a new method of simultaneously increasing the phase quantity and regulating the rectified voltage for two 12-phase high-power rectifiers operating at a common load. Self-excited voltage inverters separately form the necessary voltages for voltage regulation and for increasing the phase quantity. The formed voltage is input with the help of a common booster transformer. Separating the inverters functions and using the common booster transformer makes it possible to reduce the installed power of the equipment significantly compared to similar circuits when the regulation range of the rectified voltage is up to 5%. Calculations show that the inverter power for increasing the phase quantity is about 3% of the rectifier power. The circuit was modeled in MatLab/Simulink and the electromagnetic processes in the rectifier were studied. The proposed method makes it possible to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the network current and the pulsation coefficient of the rectified voltage to the values typical for 24-phase rectifiers.
Characteristics of lead-acid and nickel metal hydride batteries in uninterruptible power supply operation
Authors: Rohman Nurshahirah Athirah , Rahman Nor Farahaida Abdul , Zainuri Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd
Published: December 2019

Batteries are one of the main elements in Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPSs). To maintain good operation during power failure, UPSs must have adequate energy for their operation. It depends on the reliability and performance of batteries. Owing to low capital cost and wide availability, lead-acid batteries have been used extensively as the main energy source in UPSs. Nevertheless, as batteries technology grown, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries have offered more promising performance than lead-acid batteries; they are installed in various portable electronic devices. This paper provides an overview of the performance of lead-acid and NiMH batteries during the operation of a single-phase UPS. Their performances are studied based on 2 characteristics which are discharge curve and State of Charge (SOC). Based on those characteristics, both batteries have shown different performances. Simulation results have shown that the NiMH battery exhibits better discharge curve with higher voltage capacity and constant discharge current, and it is more reliable to obtain 12V at minimum percentage of SOC than the lead-acid battery.
Maximum power point optimization for a grid synchronized PV system considering partial shaded condition using multi-objective function
Authors: P Sathyanarayana , Ballal Rajkiran , Kumar Girish , S Shaileshwari
Published: December 2019

Energy demand taking a bigger leap day by day, Renewable energy gets the  most leading importance in catering the purpose. Solar being the abundantly available renewable energy resource solar panels are key components in harnessing solar energy. Solar energy is the most dependable and cheap energy in renewable sector. But harnessing solar energy with partial shading makes it difficult for simple tracking algorithm because of multiple power peak points. Settling time of DC link voltage during the dynamics in the load and the irradiation also plays a major role in power delivered to the grid . Highly dynamic situation aware processors have been in the verge for many applications where large amount of online processing is a need like the smart grid, which needs a faster online reacting time. This paper deals with such an online reacting Maximum Power Point Optimization (MPPO) on a PV system with Partial shaded condition (PSC). The MPPO uses the recent non-parametric optimization techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for maximizing the power delivered from the solar panel. This optimization is achieved by populating the duty cycle and Kp and Ki parameters of PI controller given to the DC-DC converter connected to the PV arrays for the stable supply to the grid. While applying the maximization algorithm for the solar power output from the PV arrays the PSC conditions are considered in order to make the control technique more robust. This paper deals with minimization of DC link voltage settling time and maximization of power in multi-objective,. MATLAB based simulation is carried and the comparative inference is produced in this paper. The simulation is developed for the 2.5kW PV array with the proposed method. The simulation carried out had performed better with the proposed method than the single objective method.Satisfactory results were observed both in the simulation of the proposed algorithm.
Performance analyses on fluidized bed dryer integrated biomass furnace with and without air preheater for paddy drying
Authors: Yahya M , Fahmi Hendriwan , Hadi Syafrul , Edison Edison
Published: December 2019

The performance of a fluidized bed dryer integrated biomass furnace with air preheater (FBD with APH) and a fluidized bed dryer integrated biomass furnace without air preheater (FBD without APH) for drying of paddy  have been evaluated. The  FBD with APH and FBD without APH decreased the moisture of paddy from 24% (wet basis) to 14% (wet basis) within 43 and 47 minutes with average temperatures and relative humidities of 59.58 oC and 59.14oC, and 18.81% and 18.68%, respectively. The drying rate of paddy varied in the range of 0.11 kg/min-0.32 kg/min and 0.10 kg/min- 0.30 kg/min for FBD with APH and FBD without APH, with average values of 0.18kg/min and 0.17kg/min, respectively. The minimum, maximum, and average value speciﬁc moisture evaporation rate (SMER) was  0.20 kg/kWh, 0.57 kg/kWh, and 0.31 kg/kWh, respectively for FBD with APH, as well as 0.149 kg/kWh, 0.448 kg/kWh, and 0.252  kg/kWh, respectively, for FBD without APH.  The specific energy consumption (SEC), the specific electrical energy consumption (SEEC), and the specific thermal energy consumption (STEC) were varied from 1.749 kWh/kg to 5.076 kWh/kg, 0.090 kWh/kg to 2.872 kWh/kg, and 0.760 kWh/kg to 2.204 kWh/kg, with average values of 3.528 kWh/kg, 1.96 kWh/kg, and 1.532 kWh/kg, respectively for FBD with APH, as well as from 2.234 kWh/kg to 6.702 kWh/kg, 1.056 kWh/kg to 3.167 kWh/kg, and 1.179 kWh/kg to 3.536 kWh/kg, with average values of 4.391 kWh/kg, 2.075 kWh/kg, and 2.316 kWh/kg, respectively, for FBD without APH. The thermal efﬁciencies of the FBD with APH and  FBD without APH were varied between 12.4% and 37.93%, and 9.78% and 29.82%, resvectively, with average values of 20.78% and 16.61%. The thermal efficiency of FBD with APH was higher compared to FBD without APH.
A novel region selection approach of SVPWM for a three-level NPC inverter used in electric vehicle
Authors: Roy Debanjan , Kumar Sanatan , Singh Madhu
Published: December 2019

This paper confers an investigation of a space vector modulation based control strategy of induction motor using a three-level inverter for electric vehicle application. The proposed controller uses a simple v/f control with a novel SVPWM technique. A new method for region selection of SVPWM for a multilevel inverter is implemented for the closed-loop system. Previously the region selection procedure was not considered by most of the researcher in the literature for developing the PWM algorithm. This approach is based on some algebraic equations. The remarkable point here is that it is identical to all the remaining sectors. Hence calculation complexity reduces by making it a simpler implementation. This method can be applied to any number of levels. The potency of the proposed controller is validated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system is inspected through transient and steady-state analysis. The neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is established by adopting proper switching sequences.
Determination of all stability region of unstable fractional order system in case of bearing system
Authors: Phan Van-Duc , Tran Tin Phu , Quang Dung Nguyen , Tran Minh , Thanh Trang Tran
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we propose and investigate the optimal tuning PID controller of unstable fractional order system by desired transient characteristics using the real interpolation method (RIM). The research shows that the main advantages of this method are drawn as the followings: 1) Carrying out an investigation of the stable region of coefficients of a PID controller using D-decomposition method; 2) Applying the method to investigate an unstable fractional order system.
Design prototype of a smart household touch sensitive locker security system based on GSM technology
Authors: Zeyad Mohammad , Ghosh Susmita , Ahmed S.M. Masum
Published: December 2019

This paper illustrates a portable domestic locker security system which is based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology. A handcrafted low-cost touch sensitive box is designed (using Vero board) for the project which is one of the most attractive features of the system. The system will operate in a way that if there is any unexpected user, tries to touch any portion of the touch sensitive box, a feedback system will be turned on immediately. The feedback system will alert the property holder about the unexpected user by sending SMS (Short Message Service) and turning on an alarm system. The alarm system will be turned off only if it receives a specific SMS from the property holder. This system not only has the advantages of high sensitivity, small size and lightweight, but also it is easy to use. This system is featured with an uncomplicated design, convenient use, strong flexibility and reliable performance. Since the circuit in the system is simple and easy to contrivance, the system can be installed without any difficulty at homes & offices. It will also provide a good security in the vehicles and Automated Teller Machine (ATM) booths.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector with monofacial and bifacial solar cells: a review
Authors: Fudholi Ahmad , Mustapha Muslizainun , Taslim Ivan , Aliyah Fitrotun , Gani Koto Arthur , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: December 2019

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors directly convert solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy. A PVT collector combines the functions of a PV panel and a flat plate solar collector. The development of PVT air collectors is a very promising research area. At present, PVT air collectors are used in solar drying and solar air heaters. On the basis of existing literature, most PVT air collectors were built by using monofacial PV modules. The bifacial PV modules had two active surfaces that could capture solar radiation with its front and rear surfaces. Additional sunlight absorption through both surfaces resulted in an enhanced electrical power generation compared with the conventional monofacial PV. Therefore, bifacial PVT was considered to be useful and attractive due to its potential of enhancing overall system performances, including energy and exergy efficiencies. Findings of this review indicated that PVT air collector with bifacial solar cell produced a larger amount of electrical energy, which was approximately 40% higher than a monofacial PVT. The energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector with monofacial solar cells range from 27% to 94% and from 4% to 18%, respectively. For bifacial PVT, the energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector range from 28% to 67% and from 8.2% to 8.4%, respectively.
Control and Supervision of a Solar Electric System
Authors: Benabed Khadidja , Amine Boudghene Stambouli , Noureddine Benabadji
Published: December 2019

Energy consumption is one of the biggest concerns because it is increasing and it has a great impact on our environment. Photovoltaic energy is a possible response to the challenges of the energy transition of tomorrow. For proper operation, the solar photovoltaic system needs a rigorous supervision of its electrical and physical parameters. Monitoring is one of the foundations of photovoltaic maintenance engineering. This article describes the design and realization of a solar monitor for the monitoring of the correct operation of a mini power plant from panels photovoltaic.
User selection protocols in FD PSP EH cooperative network over rayleigh fading channel: outage and intercept probability
Authors: Phan Van-Duc , Tran Tin Phu , Tran Minh , Trang Tran Thanh
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we investigate the system performance in term of outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) user selection protocols in full-duplex (FD) power splitting protocol (PSP) energy harvesting (EH) cooperative network over the Rayleigh fading channel. In this network, security and privacy issues are significant due to the possible eavesdropping by surrounding users. In this case, the security performance and reliable performance are represented by outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP), respectively. The power-splitting energy harvesting protocol is applied in our analysis. We rigorously derive the closed-form expressions of both OP and IP of the system and study the effect of various parameters. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation results are also performed to confirm the correctness of all theoretical analysis derived.