bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the formation of the social capital of youth (based on the research materials in the Vologda Region in 2016-2019)
Authors: Vorobyova Irina N. , Yasnikov Nikolay N.
Published: January 2021

Over the past few years, neither the real incomes of the population, nor the economic situation of the country as a whole have been favourable by the Russian citizens. The presence of objective problems in the acquisition of material resources, together with the natural desire of a person to live in the most comfortable conditions, raise the question of finding other, intangible, resources to meet needs. An example of such a resource is social capital, which has recently attracted the attention of researchers in Russia and the world more recently. In view of the peculiarities of youth (18-30 y. o.), as a period of development of the human personality, it is precisely on this segment of life that the first significant attempts to independently form social capital fall. Not least of all, this is connected with admission to higher educational institutions, which is often associated with leaving the familiar environment and the need to act in completely new social networks and roles. Consequently, the responsibility for independent actions in this area is becoming higher. In this regard, based on studies conducted by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, we decided to identify the main features of the formation of social capital in youth and to see how the situation with its accumulation changes in time. The main results of our study include the discovery that the accumulation of social capital at a young age is more effective due to the greater readiness of young people for joint action. Clarification of the fact that investments in social capital, even in youth, quickly begin to bring dividends. Based on the positive changes in social capital over time, it was concluded that the Vologda Region has the potential for its further development. As a result, it was concluded that the active use of the potential for the accumulation of social capital in youth is characterized by increased productivity, due to the fact that in the considered period of life, people are more prone to unification.
Recent Advances in the Application of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives to Fight Against Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Guo Qiuyan , Jiang Enshe
Published: January 2021

Podophyllotoxins, including epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, can act on a diverse array
of drug targets in cancer cells and thus possess potent activity against various forms of cancer cell
lines, including drug-resistant forms. Moreover, several podophyllotoxin derivatives represented
by etoposide and teniposide, have already been approved for cancer therapy, demonstrating podophyllotoxin
moiety as a useful pharmacophore for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. This review
reports the recent advances in the exploitation of podophyllotoxin derivatives to fight against
multidrug-resistant cancer cells. The mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship (SAR)
studies are also highlighted.
Targeting Glioblastoma: The Current State of Different Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Khan Imran , Mahfooz Sadaf , Elbasan Elif Burce , Karacam Busra , Oztanir Mustafa Namik , Hatiboglu Mustafa Aziz
Published: January 2021

Background:

Glioma is the primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults.
Among gliomas, glioblastoma is the most deadly and aggressive form, with an average life span of
1 to 2 years. Despite implementing the rigorous standard care involving maximal surgical removal
followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the patient prognosis remains poor. Due to
the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma, chemo- and radio-resistance behavior of these tumors and
lack of potent chemotherapeutic drugs, treatment of glioblastoma is still a big challenge.

Objective:

The goal of the present review is to shed some light on the present state of novel strategies,
including molecular therapies, immunotherapies, nanotechnology and combination therapies
for patients with glioblastoma.

Methodology:

Peer reviewed literature was extracted via Embase, Ovid, PubMed and Google Scholar till the year 2020.

Conclusion:

Insufficient effect of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is more likely because of different
drug resistance mechanisms and intrinsically complex pathological characteristics. Therefore,
more advancement in various therapeutic approaches such as antitumor immune response, targeting
growth regulatory and drug resistance pathways, enhancing drug delivery and drug carrier systems
are required in order to establish an effective treatment approach for patients with glioblastoma.
Synthesis of endo-fused 5-unsubstituted Hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinesvia Sequential Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed Cationic Imino-Diels-Alder Reaction/N-debenzylation using N-benzylanilines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and Paraformaldehyde under MW Irradiation
Authors: Salgado Arturo R.M. , Galvis Carlos E.P. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Meléndez Carlos Mario
Published: January 2021

Background:

Hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines are known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and
antitumor properties. Great efforts have been made to develop new synthetic methods that lead to the synthesis of
valuable libraries. Extensive methodologies, low yields, excessive amounts of catalyst and expensive reactants
are some of the limitations of current methodologies.

Aim and Objective:

Developing a useful and efficient method to construct diversely substituted hexahydro-2Hpyrano[
3,2-c]quinolines into good to excellent yields through a cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation
methodology.

Method:

The cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology was used for the preparation of substituted
hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines. It involves the use of Sc(OTf)3 for activation of cationic imino-
Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of N-benzylanilines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and paraformaldehyde in MeCN;
and microwave irradiation to shorten reaction time to afford new 6-benzyl-hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-
c]quinolines whose catalytic transfer debenzylation reactions with HCO2NH4 in the presence of Pd/C (10%) and
methanol give the new 5-unsubstituted pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines in excellent yields.

Results:

: We found that optimal conditions for the preparation of hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines were
Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % and acetonitrile at 160°C for 15 min; and using paraformaldehyde obtained the 6-benzylhexahydro-
2H-pyrano [3,2-c]quinolines with excellent yields, while the N-debenzylation process using ammonium
formate in the presence of Pd/C and methanol resulted in the synthesis of hexahydro-2H-pyrano [3,2-c] quinolines
with quantitative yields (95-98%).

Conclusion:

We describe an efficient method to synthesize hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines via the cationic
imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology using Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % as Lewis Acid catalyst. Excellent
yields of the products, use of MW irradiation, short times of reactions, and an efficient and highly diversified
method are some of the main advantages of this new protocol.
Synthesis of New Cyclopeptide Analogues of the Miuraenamides
Authors: Kappler Sarah , Siebert Andreas , Kazmaier Uli
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Miuraenamides belong to natural marine compounds with interesting biological properties.

Materials and Methods:

They initiate polymerization of monomeric actin and therefore show high cytotoxicity by influencing the cytoskeleton. New derivatives of the miuraenamides have been synthesized containing a N-methylated amide bond instead of the more easily hydrolysable ester in the natural products.

Results:

Incorporation of an aromatic side chain onto the C-terminal amino acid of the tripeptide fragment also led to highly active new miuraenamides.

Conclusion:

In this study, we showed that the ester bond of the natural product miuraenamide can be replaced by an N-methyl amide. The yields in the cyclization step were high and generally much better than with the corresponding esters. On the other hand, the biological activity of the new amide analogs was lower compared to the natural products, but the activity could significantly be increased by incorporation of a p-nitrophenyl group at the C-terminus of the peptide fragment.
economic impacts of direct payments on agricultural income – A Literature Review
Authors: Szerletics Akos , Jambor Attila
Published: January 2021

The economic impacts of direct payments is a widely studied field in the literature related to the Common Agricultural Policy. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the income-related impacts of direct payments. In doing so, the article screened the academic literature on the impacts of direct payments and identified 150 relevant ones, out of which 41 were written directly on income-related effects.Relevant articles can be classified into four groups: general, distributional, stabilisation and other impacts. Most of the literature criticised the ongoing system of direct payments and their effectiveness in producing income-related policy goals. We believe that our results can be useful for researchers and policymakers in better understanding the income-related impacts of direct payments.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: Q18
Kilka spostrzeżeń dotyczących genealogii królów izraelskich i judzkich
Authors: Mucha Paweł M.
Published: January 2021

Genealogia królów Izraela i Judy (dynastii Dawidowej) jest wynikiem zamierzonej kompozycji autora biblijnego. Królowie mieli być przeciwieństwami patriarchów. Szczególne znaczenie mieli Henoch, siódmy patriarcha, i Noe, dziesiąty patriarcha. Pierwszy był sprawiedliwy i dlatego został wzięty do nieba; drugi uratował rodzaj ludzki w czasie potopu. Manasses i Jeroboam II byli niegodziwi, są więc przeciwieństwem Henocha i dlatego zostali umieszczeni na siódmym miejscu od końca w wykazie królów. Jehu i Jotam uratowali odpowiednio Izrael i Judę, są więc antytypami Noego i dlatego zostali umieszczeni na dziesiątym miejscu od końca w listach królów. Co więcej, ze względu na liczbę patriarchów genealogie królów izraelskich i judzkich miały liczyć 22 władców każda. Niektórzy królowie mogli więc zostać dodani lub opuszczeni. Dlatego genealogia władców nie odzwierciedla rzeczywistej sukcesji. To jest główna przyczyna wielu trudności w ustaleniu chronologii królów Izraela i Judy.
Bridging Learning in Medicine and Citizenship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Telehealth-Based Case Study
Authors: Cerqueira-Silva Thiago , Carreiro Roberto , Nunes Victor , Passos Louran , Canedo Bernardo F , Andrade Sofia , Ramos Pablo Ivan P , Khouri Ricardo , Santos Carolina Barbosa Souza , Nascimento Jedson Dos Santos , Paste Aurea Angélica , Paiva Filho Ivan De Mattos , Santini-Oliveira Marília , Cruz Álvaro , Barral-Netto Manoel , Boaventura Viviane
Published: January 2021

Background

COVID-19 presented great challenges for not only those in the field of health care but also those undergoing medical training. The burden on health care services worldwide has limited the educational opportunities available for medical students due to social distancing requirements.

Objective

In this paper, we describe a strategy that combines telehealth and medical training to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A toll-free telescreening service, Telecoronavirus, began operations in March 2020. This service was operated remotely by supervised medical students and was offered across all 417 municipalities (14.8 million inhabitants) in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Students recorded clinical and sociodemographic data by using a web-based application that was simultaneously accessed by medical volunteers for supervision purposes, as well as by state health authorities who conducted epidemiological surveillance and health management efforts. In parallel, students received up-to-date scientific information about COVID-19 via short educational videos prepared by professors. A continuously updated triage algorithm was conceived to provide consistent service.

Results

The program operated for approximately 4 months, engaging 1396 medical students and 133 physicians. In total, 111,965 individuals residing in 343 municipalities used this service. Almost 70,000 individuals were advised to stay at home, and they received guidance to avoid disease transmission, potentially contributing to localized reductions in the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, the program promoted citizenship education for medical students, who were engaged in a real-life opportunity to fight the pandemic within their own communities. The objectives of the education, organization, and assistance domains of the Telecoronavirus program were successfully achieved according to the results of a web-based post-project survey that assessed physicians’ and students’ perceptions.

Conclusions

In a prolonged pandemic scenario, a combination of remote tools and medical supervision via telehealth services may constitute a useful strategy for maintaining social distancing measures while preserving some practical aspects of medical education. A low-cost tool such as the Telecoronavirus program could be especially valuable in resource-limited health care scenarios, in addition to offering support for epidemiological surveillance actions.
HPLC ANALYSIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES STUDIES OF TRUNK BARKS OF ACACIA NILOTICA VAR ADANSONII (GUILL AND PERR) O KTZE (MIMOSACEAE)
Authors: L. BOLY A. GILCHRIST , NOUFOU OUEDRAOGO , ARISTIDE TRAORE , T. TRAORE KADIATOU , MOHAMED BELEMLILGA , LAZARE BELEMNABA , MOUSSA OUEDRAOGO , MARIUS LOMPO , SYLVIN OUEDRAOGO , PIERRE GUISSOU I.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract and fractions of the trunk bark of Acacia nilotica.

Methods: A maceration of the powder of the trunks barks of the plant was realized. Then the aqueous macerate obtained was fractionated with dichloromethane, butanol and ethyl acetate successively. The phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were identified by HPLC/DAD. Lipoxygenase and phospholipase inhibition tests with the aqueous extract and the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were carried out. The anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract was assessed in vivo by the anti-edema test with carrageenan and the analgesic test with acetic acid at different doses (200 mg/ml; 400 mg/ml; 600 mg/ml). Aspirin (200 mg/ml) and paracetamol (200 mg/ml) were used as a reference.

Results: The HPLC/DAD analysis of the extracts revealed that gallic acid is the most abundant phenol acid in the extracts. The aqueous extract inhibited lipoxygenase (IC50 = 18.32±1.18 μg/ml), phospholipase (11.44±0.32% per 100 μg/ml) and cyclooxygenase (56.48±0.29% for 100 μg/ml) as well as its tested fractions. It also reduced edema and pain in the mice by more than 50% from the 400 mg/ml dose.

Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-inflammatory properties. Hence its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of inflammation.
La educación ante una pandemia: claves iniciales para superar brechas y poner manos a la obra
Authors: Duce Pastor Elena
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se propone una revisión del perfil del alumno y del profesor, a raíz del paso de la formación presencial a en línea, de manera masiva. Dado que la pandemia de la covid-19 ha transformado en días la manera de aproximarnos a la educación, se ofrecen una serie de pautas para organizar las clases y conseguir efectividad en la respuesta del alumnado. Para ello, se usa la metodología de análisis de los perfiles del mundo digital y se abordan las posibles brechas que tiene que superar el docente.
No hay crisis inútil
Authors: Oropeza Villalobos Beatriz
Published: January 2021

La situación sanitaria actual ha generado aprendizajes valiosos para todos, incluidos nosotros los docentes. Muchos hemos optado por resistir esta crisis y convertirnos, en un período muy corto, en docentes aprendices de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (tic) y ejercer la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ere), con el objetivo de atender a nuestros estudiantes y apoyar su aprendizaje a pesar de las circunstancias. El presente testimonio narra lo que he experimentado en este período, desde enfrentar las tareas con temor e incertidumbre, hasta la satisfacción de haber adquirido importantes y significativos aprendizajes, de manera rápida.
El animal humano y su comportamiento en emergencias
Authors: Gordillo León Fernando , Mestas Hernández Lilia
Published: January 2021

El comportamiento de los seres humanos, como el del resto de los animales, se ve modulado por el grupo social al que pertenece. La agrupación de los seres humanos ha sido parte importante en el proceso evolutivo, al incrementar su capacidad de adaptación al medio. Si embargo, en sociedades tan amplias y complejas como las actuales, los sistemas de defensa propios del grupo se podrían volver desadaptativos. En concreto, el aprendizaje social y la rápida transmisión de la información en contextos de peligro e incertidumbre podrían generar altos niveles de activación emocional, descontrol de la situación y escasez de recursos. Una de las claves para mejorar la respuesta del grupo ante estas condiciones podría consistir en buscar el punto óptimo de activación emocional de la población, que evite tanto la subestimación como la sobrestimación de los peligros asociados con la emergencia.
R-Ladies: solidaridad y compromiso de una comunidad de profesionistas
Authors: Jiménez Jacinto Verónica
Published: January 2021

Lo que empezó como la tragedia de suspender todo para quedarse en casa, ha resultado a la larga un beneficio para una comunidad que promueve la diversidad de género, con o sin hijos, siempre en un ambiente de respeto, solidaridad y compromiso: las R-Ladies.
Y de un día para otro las cosas cambiaron
Authors: Núñez Fortoul Teresa
Published: January 2021

Las cosas cambiaron de un día para otro y todos intentamos surfear la ola lo más rápido posible, pero muchas preguntas y sentimientos comenzaron a presentarse en el camino.
Enseñanza y divulgación: tareas impostergables y complementarias durante la pandemia
Authors: Murray-Tortarolo Guillermo N.
Published: January 2021

Durante varios años he sido profesor en la unam y divulgador de la ciencia. La pandemia me ha enseñado que ambas cosas se parecen de manera profunda. En este texto cuento mi experiencia y mis sentires sobre la enseñanza, la ciencia y la divulgación en tiempos virtuales.
La traducción del pantún al francés o el vuelo impreso de la mariposa
Authors: Lerma Hernández Cynthia
Published: January 2021

El pantún es una forma fija poética proveniente de Malasia que se incorpora a la poesía francesa de una manera peculiar en el siglo XIX. La estructura comienza a difundirse en Francia mediante una traducción en una nota al final de Les Orientales de Victor Hugo, en la que aparece acompañada de otras traducciones árabes y persas proporcionadas por un reconocido orientalista de la época, Ernest Fouinet. En conjunto, esta serie de traducciones participan en la justificación de la estética romántica. Tras esta primera aparición, el pantún será objeto de exploración de sensibilidades poéticas diversas a lo largo del siglo XIX: algunas de sus imágenes son evocadas con insistencia en diversos textos de algunos poetas, y su forma incita a explorar en los efectos de la repetición alternada y organizada de los versos. Con el paso del tiempo, “Harmonie du soir” de Baudelaire se convertirá en el modelo de referencia más inmediato de esta estructura poética. El pantún que se desarrolla en Francia plantea un mecanismo singular de repetición de versos (el segundo y cuarto verso de cada estrofa son retomados en el primero y tercer verso de la siguiente) y crea una analogía que distingue de forma precisa naturaleza y experiencia. Además de observar las características y condiciones de esta primera inserción en la nota al final de la obra mencionada de Victor Hugo, el propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las funciones que cumple una forma fija importada de otra cultura, y las circunstancias que permiten su asimilación en la historia literaria francesa.
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS AND THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF WILDNESS
Authors: Starčević Mirko
Published: January 2021

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS AND THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF WILDNESS

In the nineteenth century, the swing of anthropocentric forces wrought profoundly deleterious changes upon the face of the natural environment. Witnessing these metamorphic processes at work was Gerard Manley Hopkins, whose unique sensibility found the despoilment of nature by human hand no less than extremely dispiriting. Against a backdrop of the vanishing beauty, Hopkins fervidly engaged with the transforming world in his ecopoetical ruminations. He was not the first poet of ecological dissent, for during the Romantic period John Clare had poignantly expressed the anguish at what had then been the incipient stages of nature being disrobed of its inherent singularity. Being quite familiar with Clare’s ecopoetical meditations, the Jesuit poet was able to further elaborate upon Clare’s vision, while proving successful in presciently observing the discrepancies between wilderness as a cultural construct and a wildness whose emphasis upon the appreciation of the global through the local corresponds closely to the present-day awareness concerning the fragility of ecosystems. Most vividly and extensively, Hopkins explores the dyad of wildness and wilderness in poems like “Inversnaid,” “Duns Scotus’ Oxford,” and “Binsey Poplars,” wherein he truly establishes himself as one of the essential forerunners of modern ecological science.
Učinak interpretacije
Authors: Badurina Natka
Published: January 2021

Prikaz knjige: Lada Čale Feldman, Onkraj pozornice. Zagreb: Disput. 2019, 166 str.
Jóvenes comunicadores y sexualización infantil. Diferencias de género ante la sexualización de las niñas en las revistas de moda
Authors: Narros González María José , Llovet Rodríguez Carmen , Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca Mónica
Published: January 2021

Los medios de comunicación influyen en las percepciones sobre diversos constructos generando actitudes de sensibilización sobre sus audiencias. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en analizar la percepción del constructo sexualización infantil atendiendo al género en el colectivo de jóvenes españoles, futuros profesionales de la comunicación, utilizando para ello imágenes de estilismos de niñas publicadas en revistas de moda. A partir de los resultados obtenidos a través de encuesta online a una muestra de 449 individuos, se observan diferencias significativas en función del género. Los hombres perciben diferentes atributos sexualizantes, en un número sensiblemente inferior y asociados a la exhibición corporal. Las mujeres son más detallistas y sensibles al constructo analizado y a las características testadas. Se concluye que para conciliar al niño como sujeto de derechos y como consumidor, la formación de los jóvenes comunicadores sobre representaciones que cosifican sexualmente es necesaria y prevendría estereotipos de género.
La participación cultural de la juventud catalana en el tránsito a una sociedad digital - Dimensiones estructurales y sociotipos
Authors: Ariño Villarroya Antonio , Llopis Goig Ramón
Published: January 2021

Este artículo proporciona un análisis de las prácticas culturales de la juventud catalana en el contexto de la revolución digital y de su impacto en la reconfiguración del campo cultural. La investigación se propone identificar las principales dimensiones que articulan el campo cultural, así como el modo en que la juventud se agrupa y estratifica en torno a esas dimensiones. El estudio se basa en datos del Barómetro de la Comunicación y la Cultura de Cataluña, una encuesta realizada en 2013 que contó con una muestra de 1.365 jóvenes. Los resultados muestran una rearticulación del espacio cultural que corre en paralelo al proceso de digitalización y que no solo supone una redefinición o una penetración del paradigma digital en prácticas culturales ya existentes sino también el surgimiento de espacios culturales singulares.
Памяти события: об истории Спасо-Преображенского Воротынского монастыря и проекте достопримечательного места
Authors: Шевченко Элеонора
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена событию, отстоящему от нас более чем на 500 лет, - Великому стоянию на Угре.

Несмотря на то, что юбилей события прошел, о нём следует говорить ещй и ещё. Сегодня очень немногие соотечественни­ки знают о том, что это было за «Стояние» и почему так важно нам всем праздновать это знаковое, для Отечества и всех его граждан событие название которому «Великое стояние на Угре». Именно здесь на реке Угре в 1480 году произошло событие не менее значимое, чем наши Победы в смутные времена и в 1812 и 1945 годах.

Поэтому так важно донести как можно большему числу соотечественников об этом Великом для страны событии и добиться, чтобы территория на которой оно происходи­ло, было зафиксировано как объект культурного наследия в виде достопримечательного места. Сейчас монастырь, воз­двигнутый Воротынским в честь великого события, лишился значительных территорий и, самое печальное, утрачивается историческая природная среда, сохранившая еще свою первозданность и аутентичность.
Город как коллективное жилище: миссия профессора М.Д. Загряцкова. 1930-е годы
Authors: Косенкова Юлия
Published: January 2021

В статье освещаются работы одного из крупных специали­стов в области развития городов, чьи взгляды сформировались в начале ХХ века. Выдающийся юрист, убеждённый сторонник идей «муниципального социализма», отвергаемых советской властью, М.Д. Загряцков в значительной степени был лишён возможности полной профессиональной реализации, а его фундаментальные монографии оставались неизданными. Автор статьи анализирует особенности работ М.Д. Загряцкова, посвящённых городу, опубликованных в профессиональной пе­чати в 1930-е годы. Раскрывается особый характер этих публи­каций, не характерный для этого времени: при насыщенности информацией о зарубежном градостроительстве, они не были нацелены на конкретную прагматику проектирования; при сво­ём критическом отношении к зарубежному опыту, основания для критики М.Д. Загряцков видел не в идеологии, а в недо­статочном использовании возможностей системы городского самоуправления. Развитие этой системы в России было пре­рвано после Октябрьской революции, а местные Советы в силу ряда причин не обладали достаточными полномочиями, чтобы реально влиять на состояние городского дела. В рамках нэпа М.Д. Загряцков вносил много практических предложений для улучшения такого положения, оставшихся не реализованными. С изменением государственной политики учёный был вынуж­ден ограничиться своеобразной «просветительской миссией». Показано, что глубокий научный анализ зарубежной практики с экономической, юридической, организационной, историче­ской точек зрения давал М.Д. Загряцкову возможность вести скрытый диалог с реалиями советского градостроительства, указывать на общность многих проблем. Раскрываются слож­ные обстоятельства жизни и научного пути учёного, своими трудами много сделавшего для развития административного и финансового права, но остававшегося «неблагонадёжным» вплоть до своей смерти в 1950-е годы. Высказывается мысль, что без изучения научных взглядов и человеческих судеб вы­дающихся специалистов самого широкого спектра, влиявших на градостроительный процесс в СССР, вряд ли может быть написана его полноценная история[1].

 

[1]     Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы РФ «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 гг. в рамках Плана фундамен­тальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН на 2020 г. Тема 1.2.1.
Development of Educational Tools in Russia to Accumulate Knowledge about Sequestration Technologies
Authors: Vasilev Yu. N. , Tsvetkova A. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The latest technologies for climate change mitigation are carbon capture and storage (CCS). Some countries are developing CCS projects, and they are currently at different stages of deployment. Despite the signing of international agreements on climate change mitigation, Russia does not ensure the development of CCS technologies and their implementation. Given the long-term development of such technologies, its main goal is to raise public awareness of carbon capture, storage and use.

Currently, the problem of creating public awareness about CCS technologies has gained a huge momentum in the Russian Federation. A high level of awareness and approval of such projects will encourage the deployment of CCS projects in the Russian Federation.

The purpose of this article is to study the level of awareness of the Russian society regarding CCS technologies, as well as to develop a multi-level complex system of measures to ensure that such awareness is raised in the near future.

To achieve this goal, we used such methods as research of secondary and primary sources of information on this topic. In addition to analyzing the information of scientific publications on the subject under study, both secondary (content analysis of printed media materials, video hosting, social networks) and primary research (personal survey, experiment) were conducted.

As the most important results, we can highlight the obtained structure of popularity of environmental information sources among students of two universities in Saint Petersburg. In addition, it has been proved that currently in the Russian Federation, insufficient attention is paid to the popularization of carbon sequestration technologies. the analysis of the dissemination of information about CCS technologies in social networks, school textbooks, Newspapers, and video hosting services was carried out. Content analysis of existing social groups and videos in social networks is presented.
On the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Dzgoeva D. T. , Savelchev L. A.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the features of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services in order to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services.

Results. Based on the theoretical bases and scientific methods of research, the essence of public-private partnership (hereinafter — PPP) as a special type of relationship between public and private sectors; the practice of application of mechanisms of state-private partnership in the sphere of housing and communal services on the example system of centralized water supply «Ladozhskiy vodovod Vsevolozhskogo munitsipal’nogo rayona Leningradskoy oblasti». Problems were identified and recommendations were made in five main areas related to the development of PPP projects in the field of housing and communal services.

Conclusions. First, PPP is a unique type of relationship between the state and business, which allows meeting the needs of both public and private entities. Differences in the composition of obligations and functions, as well as the rights (entitlements) of the subjects of the agreement form different types of forms and mechanisms (types and schemes), as well as a number of models of public-private partnership.

Secondly, the popularity of PPPs in a particular country depends on the models of interaction between the state and private investors and on the strictness of legislation.

Third, on the example of a real Concession, five universal recommendations (bases) for the development of public-private partnership mechanisms in the sphere of housing and communal services were proposed: organizational component, financial instrument, risks, choice of PPP model and legal framework.
Features of the Russian Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Lending Market at the Present Stage
Authors: Zhirnel E. V.
Published: January 2021

Lending is one of the factors in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. In recent years, the Russian state has made serious efforts to increase the availability of borrowed funds for business and uses the lending market as a tool to accelerate economic growth. The work shows that the same mechanism works as one of the most rapid and effective in the implementation of anti-crisis policies, which can be observed, including during the 2020 pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features and problems of the modern stage of the development of the lending market for small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. The article considers two levels of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses: federal and regional. Today they are represented by different institutions that complement each other. However, despite large-scale state programs to stimulate lending, the share of small and medium-sized enterprises using borrowed funds remains low and insufficient for the active development of this sector of the economy.

The study used expert and statistical analysis, the information base for the study was statistics from the Bank of Russia, the Federal Tax Service, legislation in the field of entrepreneurship, data from executive authorities, analytical reports from the Bank of Russia, the Accounts Chamber of Russia, and the Expert RA rating agency
Economic Stability and (or) Economic Growth
Authors: Zaporozhan A. Ya.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to consideration of two directions of state economic policy — maintaining economic stability and ensuring economic growth. The coronavirus pandemic has divided the world into “before and after”. In the previous period, the financial policy in Russia was based on the principle of macroeconomic stability. It would seem that the macroeconomic stability that has existed for several years has created the basis for economic growth in the country, but it has not been possible to realize the growth potential of the Russian economy. Economic stability is an important criterion for the economy. Only economic stability can be different.

The economic stability of the Russian economy in the previous period is the economic stability of stagnation, because the cornerstone of the economic stabilization policy was maintaining a low inflation rate by artificially slowing down demand. N ow this economic stability of stagnation was overturned by the coronavirus epidemic due to a decrease in budget revenues and an increase in budget spending, which results in the threat of inflation.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity and possibility of transition to a new form of economic stability — economic growth stability
MATHEMATICS COMMUNICATION MISTAKES IN SOLVING HOTS PROBLEMS
Authors: Rachmawati Lelly Nur , Cholily Yus Mochamad , Zukhrufurrohmah Zukhrufurrohmah
Published: January 2021

Student mistakes in communicating mathematical ideas are still widely practiced. Therefore, it is essential to analyze students' mathematical communication errors in solving mathematical problems so that learning planning can be better. This study aims to describe students' mathematics communication errors in solving the higher-order thinking skill's problems in linear algebra and matrix subject. The type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. They were 155 students as subject research. The data analysis started by collecting students' answers and then grouped them according to mathematics communication skills criteria. Later identified and analyzed the errors made by students of each mathematics communication criteria. The results showed that mathematical communication errors on the indicators of writing mathematical situations were concept errors and principle errors. The declaring idea's mathematical communication error is a concept error, a principle error, and an operation error. Furthermore, mathematical communication errors on the indicator state the results of solving-problem using the language itself is a concept error and operator error.
Study of corporate governance in government hospitals: A case study of the emerging market
Authors: Agnihotri Anurag , Arora Shagun
Published: January 2021

Governance in a government hospital setup is complicated due to its economic and financial dimensions but also incorporates societal responsibility. The current study focuses on the processes and procedures as the key factor of corporate governance. This paper presents evidence of a comprehensive range of procedures related to governing healthcare quality undertaken at the corporate governance level. The study explores the viewpoint of the stakeholders including patients, doctors, and the management. The aim of the study is to identify indicators of effective governance in an emerging country like India where the state regulates the health system. For this purpose, three major hospitals of Delhi – AIIMS, Safdarjung, and Ram Manohar Lohia hospitals – were studied. The response of 582 respondents was analyzed using logit regression. The study documents the comfort level of patients with the doctor, the ability of the doctors to address the concern of patience, registration time in the hospital, and easy availability of the medicine improves the corporate governance of the hospital. The main contribution of the research is analyzing the health care system in an emerging market like India which is characterized by the complexity of interaction between the environment and policies related to health care.
Modified projected Newton scheme for non-convex function with simple constraints
Authors: Chakraborty Suvra , Panda Geetanjali
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a descent line search scheme is proposed to find a local minimum point of a non-convex optimization problem with simple constraints. The idea ensures that the scheme escapes the saddle points and finally settles for a local minimum point of the non-convex optimization problem. A positive definite scaling matrix for the proposed scheme is formed through symmetric indefinite matrix factorization of the Hessian matrix of the objective function at each iteration. A numerical illustration is provided, and the global convergence of the scheme is also justified.
Estimating the outcome of an active phase in the military conflict on Eastern Ukraine based on the Sugeno fuzzy integral
Authors: Bocharnikov Victor , Sveshnikov Sergey , Timoshenko Radion
Published: January 2021

A military conflict (especially its active phase) is a time of maximum exertion of all the powers of the state and society, a time that requires quick and correct decisions from state bodies. The quality of these decisions is largely determined by the estimation adequacy of the current situation. As the analysis shows, modern military conflicts start suddenly and develop rapidly. The official informing system turns out to be ineffective, what leads to numerous mistakes in decision-making. In addition, modern military conflicts are of a hybrid nature. The outcome of such military conflicts depends on many factors of a non-military nature, for example, the quality of governance, support from the population, international assistance. These factors are often formulated qualitatively (linguistically), and the conditions of the active phase of a military conflict do not give time to check the adequacy of quantitative data. Therefore, it is necessary that the method for estimating the outcome of the active phase takes into account the data uncertainty and ensures a generalization of the partial characteristics of the current situation. Based on the analysis of known approaches to the description and processing of uncertainty, the authors proposed using the methods of fuzzy integral calculus to describe partial characteristics and calculate a generalized characteristic, which is an estimation of the success of the outcome of an active phase. The authors have solved the following subproblems: identification of structure and parameters of standard for estimating; choice of the observation channel of the characteristics of the current situation; constructing the algorithm for estimations generalization. The authors demonstrated the work of the proposed algorithm by the example of estimating the results of hostilities in eastern Ukraine in July 2014.
Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lopez-Aguiar Alexandra G , Maithel Shishir K , Kooby David A
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a poor overall survival. Surgery remains the only potential curative option, and multimodal therapy is typically indicated. Pancreatic cancer can be categorized into four groups according to presentation: resectable disease, borderline resectable disease, locally advanced unresectable disease, and metastatic unresectable disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the most common operation performed for patients with resectable and borderline resectable disease, followed by distal pancreatectomy, and, rarely, total pancreatectomy, with the goal of obtaining an R0 resection. The morbidity associated with these procedures remains high, and thoughtful patient selection is paramount. Postoperative chemotherapy protocols, with or without radiotherapy, are standard, and neoadjuvant therapy is gaining momentum. This review summarizes appropriate management of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

This review contains 12 figures, 5 tables and 49 references
Approach to Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Gangi Alexandra , Zager Jonathan S
Published: January 2021

Over several decades, the incidence of melanoma has steadily risen. Although a minority of newly diagnosed melanoma patients present with distant metastasis at initial diagnosis, approximately 30% of patients eventually develop metastatic disease as a consequence of disease progression. Although almost all organs can be involved, the most frequent sites of disease are either local or regional recurrences. This review outlines surgical treatment of recurrent or metastatic melanoma, including regional therapies, as well as management with systemic therapy. 

This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables and 66 references
Key words: in-transit disease, limb infusion, metastatectomy, metastatic melanoma, percutaneous hepatic perfusion, regional therapy, systemic therapy
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Small Intestine
Authors: Baumgartner Joel M , Banerjee Sudeep , Sicklick Jason K
Published: January 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and the third most common malignant small bowel tumor. After the stomach, the small bowel is the second most common location for GISTs. Although a majority of GISTs are driven by KIT oncogene mutations, there is increasing evidence that GIST is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Noninvasive imaging provides useful anatomic information but is not adequate to diagnose GIST. Endoscopic ultrasonography–guided tissue biopsy is the preferred method of diagnosis. GISTs are primarily treated with surgical resection, whereas adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy with imatinib is reserved for high-risk cases or in the setting of metastatic disease. Minimally invasive surgical approaches are safe and do not compromise oncologic outcomes in experienced centers. Selective cytoreductive surgery for metastatic GIST remains controversial but may have a role in appropriately selected patients.

This review contains 10 figures, 9 tables and 65 references
Key words: cytoreductive surgery, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, imatinib, interstitial cell of Cajal, KIT oncogene, minimally invasive surgery, molecular profile, small bowel
Peripheral Artery Diseases
Authors: Creager Mark A
Published: January 2021

Peripheral arterial diseases (PADs) compromise blood flow to the limbs. Common causes of arterial obstruction include atherosclerosis, thrombus, embolism, vasculitis, arterial entrapment, adventitial cysts, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial dissection, trauma, and vasospasm. The most frequently encountered cause of PAD is peripheral atherosclerosis. This chapter considers its epidemiology and risk factors, as well as its diagnosis, including clinical presentation and noninvasive diagnostic tests. This chapter also discusses acute arterial occlusion, atheroembolism, popliteal artery entrapment, thromboangiitis obliterans, and acrocyanosis, as well as the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Tables describe the Fontaine classification and clinical categories of chronic limb ischemia, provide examples of leg segmental pressure measurements in a patient with calf claudication and foot pain, and summarize secondary causes of Raynaud phenomenon. Figures include a photograph of an ischemic foot demonstrating dependent rubor, measurement of the ankle:brachial index, ultrasonography of a stenosis of the right common femoral artery, magnetic resonance angiograms of patients with calf claudication, arteriograms of critical ischemia of the foot and of disabling claudication of the leg, and ischemia of the toes caused by atheroemboli.
This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 80 references.
Severity of Illness Scoring Systems in Critical Care
Authors: Keegan Mark T.
Published: January 2021

Critical care consumes about 4% of national health expenditure and 0.65% of United States gross domestic product. There are approximately 94,000 critical care beds in the United States, and provision of critical care services costs approximately $80 billion per year. The enormous costs and the heterogeneity of critical care have led to scrutiny of patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness by a variety of governmental and nongovernmental organizations; furthermore, individual critical care practitioners and their hospitals should evaluate the care delivered. This review discusses scoring systems in medicine, critical care systems, development, validation, performance, and customization of the models, adult intensive care unit (ICU) prognostic models, model use, limitations, prognostic models in trauma care, perioperative scoring systems, assessment of organ failure, severity of illness and organ dysfunction scoring in children, and future directions. Figures show the distribution of predicted risk of death using two different prediction models among a population of patients who ultimately are observed to either live or die, a comparison of  “expected” deaths (based on the expectation that the predicted probability from the model is correct) to observed deaths within each of the 10 deciles of predicted risk, the importance of disease in the risk of death equation,  and the revised Rapaport-Teres graph for ICUs in the Project IMPACT validation set. Tables list three main ICU prognostic models, study characteristics and performance of the fourth-generation prognostic models, variables included in the fourth-generation prognostic models, potential uses of adult ICU prognostic models, variables included in the calculation of the organ failure scores, and sequential organ failure assessment.
This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 293 references
Acid-Base Disorders
Authors: O'Rourke Ann P. , Orr James , Agarwal Suresh
Published: January 2021

Anticipation and early identification of conditions that alter the body's ability to compensate for acid-base disorders are vital in managing surgical patients. This review describes the general principles and classification of acid-base disorders. Metabolic acid-base disorders are presented, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Respiratory acid-base disorders are also presented, including respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Tables show the differentiation of acid-base disorders, causes of positive–anion gap acidosis, the differential diagnosis for normal–anion gap metabolic acidosis, the mechanisms associated with increased serum lactate concentration, and the differential diagnosis for metabolic alkalosis.
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 135 references.