bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Studies of Halogenocadmium Complexes in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Sasaki Yukio , Abe Kazuya , Takizawa Masao
Published: July 2006

The thermodynamic constants for the formation of halogenocadmium complexes in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and propylene carbonate (PC) were calculated by potentiometric titration. The differences in the order of the stability among the halide ions (X−) for CdX42− in nonaqueous solvents and water were found to be dependent mainly on the enthalpy changes of transfer from water to DMF and PC for the formation of CdX42−.
Preparation and Properties of the New High Pressure Phase β-Zr(OH)PO4
Authors: Ono Akira , Okamura Fujio Peter
Published: July 2006

A new phase with chemical formula Zr(OH)PO4 was prepared above 1.5 GPa using a high pressure apparatus. Stability field of the compound was investigated, and X-ray study for a single crystal revealed that it is orthorhombic with space group Cmca or C2ca. The X-ray data are similar to those of Zr2O(PO4)2.
The Structure of Diaquatris[(methylthio)acetato]ytterbium(III), [Yb(CH3SCH2CO2)3(H2O)2]n
Authors: Ouchi Akira , Shimoi Mamoru , Kondo Satoshi
Published: July 2006

The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex has been determined by the use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of YbC9H19O8S3, F.W.=524.48, was monoclinic, with a space group of P21/a; a=12.501(6), b=25.096(9), c=10.788(2) Å, β=90.25(3)°, U=3384(2) Å3, Z=8, Dm=2.07(3), Dx=2.06 Mg m−3, and μ(Mo Kα)=6.20 mm−1. Both Yb(1) and Yb(2) are octa-coordinated and are in a dodecagedral geometry. They are in a linear polymer form, parallel to the c axis; Yb(1) and Yb(2) are arrayed in a line alternatively, bridged by one carboxylate ligand.
Reaction of Azobenzene with Dichlorocarbene in Phase-transfer-catalyzed System
Authors: Fujiu Tomohisa , Izumi Kazuo , Sekiguchi Shizen
Published: July 2006

Azobenzene (2) reacted with dichlorocarbene at 40 °C in the presence of several phase-transfer catalysts in a binary solvent (CHCl3–aqueous KOH), giving 2,2,3,3-tetrachloro-1-phenylaziridine (3), 1-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H–benzimidazol-2-one (4b), dichloroacetanilide (6), N,N′-diphenylurea (7), and trace amounts of 2-chloro-1-phenylbenzimidazole (8).
The Reaction of (Z)-2-(3-Oxo-1-propenyl)-2H-azirine Derivative with Molybdenum Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoshige , Nitta Makoto
Published: July 2006

The thermal reaction of (Z)-2,3-diphenyl-2-(2,3-diphenyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)-2H-azirine with [Mo(CO)6] or [Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3] was reinvestigated to afford 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylpyridine along with the pyrroles and 1,3-oxazepine derivative. The formation of 1,3-oxazepine was demonstrated to be the purely thermal process. The 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-5-oxo-1,3-pentadienylnitrene complex was shown to give the pyridine and the pyrrole derivatives.
A New Preparation of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds by SH2′ Reactions of gem-Halo Nitro Compounds with Allyltributylstannane
Authors: Ono Noboru , Zinsmeister Klaus , Kaji Aritsune
Published: July 2006

α-Nitroalkyl radicals generated from gem-halo nitro compounds are reactive enough to undergo the carbon–carbon bond forming reaction with allyltributylstannane via radical chain processes, which provides a new method for the introduction of an allyl group into nitroalkanes.
Stereochemistry on the Catalytic Hydrogenation of 1-t-Butyl-4-methylenecyclohexane over Modified Raney Ni, Co, and Fe Catalysts
Authors: Imaizumi Shin , Murayama Hitoshi , Ishiyama Jun-ichi , Senda Yasuhisa
Published: July 2006

Contrary to a fresh catalyst, aged Raney Ni in ethanol provided exclusively a less stable product in the hydrogenation of the title compound. A similar stereoselectivity was observed over a catalyst which was refluxed in ethanol as well as that treated with carbon monoxide. These results indicate that the catalyst stored in ethanol is modified with carbon monoxide generated by the decomposition of the solvent.
Catalytic Functionalities of Molybdenum Catalysts Supported on Brazilian Bentonites
Authors: Schultz Gerhard W , Shimada Hiromichi , Yoshimura Yuji , Sato Toshio , Nishijima Akio
Published: July 2006

Two kinds of Brazilian bentonites were applied to supports of molybdenum catalysts to improve the catalytic selectivities of the hydrotreating catalysts. Separate model tests reactions showed that bentonite-supported molybdenum catalysts have higher activities for hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization as compared to a standard Al2O3 supported catalyst, while the Al2O3 was superior to the bentonites for hydrogenation activity.
The Thermal Properties of Liquid Crystalline Materials Incorporating Piperazine Skeleton
Authors: Takenaka Shunsuke , Hirohata Toshiro , Kusabayashi Shigekazu
Published: July 2006

The thermal and electric properties of the homologous series of liquid crystalline materials incorporating a piperazine skeleton have been examined. Some piperazine compounds having a cyano group as the terminal function give rise to a wide-range nematic phase. On the other hand, the homologous series of α,α′-bis(4-alkyl-1-piperadinylimino)-p-xylenes and 1,4-bis(4-alkylbenzylideneamino)piperazines show strong smectic properties.
Conductivity and Ion Association of Some Diastereoisomeric Salts in Water. II. Ion Association between the Δ(−)589- or Λ(+)589-cis-Bis(ethylenediamine)dinitrocobalt(III) Ion and the Δ(+)589-(Ethylenediamine)bis(malonato)cobaltate(III) Ion and Its Temperature Dependence
Authors: Yokoyama Haruhiko , Nishimura Michio
Published: July 2006

The electric conductivities of aqueous solutions of the diastereoisomeric salts, Δ(−)589-cis-[Co(NO2)2(en)2]Δ(+)589-[Co(mal)2(en)] and Λ(+)589-cis-[Co(NO2)2(en)2]Δ(+)589-[Co(mal)2(en)](en=ethylenediamine and mal=malonate ion), have been measured at several temperatures from 15 to 35 °C. From the analysis of the conductivity data using the Pitts equation, it was found that the Δ- or Λ-cis-[Co(NO2)2(en)2]+ and Δ-[Co(mal)2(en)]− ions are appreciably associated in spite of the large monovalent ions and that the ion association is almost nonstereoselective and is endothermic in contrast to the exothermic ion association between Δ- or Λ-cis-[Co(NO2)2(en)2]+ and Δ-[Co(edta)]− (edta=ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion). By considering the obtained values of thermodynamic parameters of ion association and the significantly large Stokes radius of Δ-[Co(mal)2(en)]− compared to the effective radius estimated from its partial molar volume, this complex anion was presumed to have two hydration water molecules and to release one of them by associating with the complex cations. Possible short-range interactions between the complex ions were also discussed by considering the structures of the complex ions and the chemical properties of the ligands.
Decomposition of Crystalline Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) Trihydrate by Incident Energetic Argon Ions
Authors: Ohno Shin-ichi , Furukawa Katsutoshi
Published: July 2006

Ar+ ions in the energy range of 0.4 to 2 MeV was found to induce a chemical reaction in solid potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate giving rise to Fe3+-ion clusters which have been evidenced by EPR observations. γ-Irradiations at high doses (>109 rad) followed by heating (>150 °C) were found to induce the same reaction. Irradiations with γ-rays, protons, or low-energy (<40 keV) Ar+ ions alone did not induce this reaction, nor did a thermal activation. A possible mechanism for this reaction is discussed mainly from a qualitative point of view on the basis of experimental observations and results of atomic collision physics. It is concluded that the reaction is caused by a highly inelastic excitation of iron(II) in the complex which is accompanied with a simultaneous momentum transfer.
Molecular Dynamics Using Internal Coordinates. I. Infrared Spectra of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Hayashi Soichi , Oobatake Motohisa , Ooi Tatsuo , Machida Katsunosuke
Published: July 2006

A simulation method of molecular dynamics using internal coordinates for polyatomic molecule is described. The method permits intramolecular interaction to be expressed in terms of the internal coordinate, and produces translation, rotation, and vibration of molecule. As the first application, infrared spectra of sulfur dioxide both at gas and liquid phases are simulated by the method with an aid of the techniques proposed by Berens and Wilson. The spectrum at gas phase exhibits the pure rotational band and the vibrational-rotational bands for fundamental modes. The ν1 and ν2 vibrations show B-type band shape, and the ν3 mode shows A-type band shape, in accord with the experimental result and the selection rule for a prolate symmetrical top which may practically represent the molecule. At liquid phase, multiple peaks due to rotational structure disappeared, and single-peaked bands are simulated as expected. The method can be extended so as to describe more realistic intermolecular interactions than pairwise atom-atom potentials.
Inversion at Selenium in [MIII(RSeCH2CH2NH2){N(CH2CH2NH2)3}]3+(MIII=Co, Rh; R=CH3, CH3CH2, C6H5CH2) and [Co(CH3SeCH2COO){N(CH2CH2NH2)3}]2+
Authors: Nakajima Kiyohiko , Tozaki Katsuhiko , Kojima Masaaki , Fujita Junnosuke
Published: July 2006

The selenoether (selenide) complexes, t-[Co(RSeCH2CH2NH2)(tren)]3+ (t=trans(tertiary amine nitrogen, Se); R=CH3, CH3CH2, C6H5CH2; tren=tris(2-aminoethyl)amine), p-[Rh(CH3SeCH2CH2NH2)(tren)]3+ (p=cis-(tertiary amine nitrogen, Se)), and t-[Co(CH3SeCH2COO)(tren)]2+ were prepared and resolved for the first time by the chemical or SP-Sephadex column chromatographic method. Racemization of these complexes in aqueous solutions was studied at an ionic strength of 0.25 (NaClO4) in the pH and temperature ranges of 4.00–6.91 and 0.25–33.50 °C, respectively. The racemization rates were independent of pH and an intramolecular inversion mechanism was suggested. The ΔG25°C\eweq values for inversion of t-[Co(RSeCH2CH2NH2)(tren)]3+ decreases in the order of CH3 (95.2 kJ mol−1)>CH3CH2 (89.4)>C6H5CH2 (87.7), while the ΔH\eweq values are almost the same (95–97 kJ mol−1). The variable-temperature 13C NMR study of p-[Co(CH3SeCH2CH2NH2)(tren)]3+ yielded the inversion rate constant, 10 s−1 at the coalescence temperature (ca. 60 °C), which is much larger than that of the corresponding t-isomer (8.5×10−3s−1 at 60 °C). The difference in inversion rate between the isomers seems to be related to the steric crowding around the Se-R group of the complex. The rhodium(III) complex racemizes slower than the corresponding cobalt(III) complex. The values of thermodynamic parameters for t-[Co(CH3SeCH2COO)(tren)]+2 are nearly the same as those for t-[Co(CH3SeCH2CH2NH2)(tren)]3+.
The Structure–Reactivity–Chemoselectivity Relationship on the Reactions of 1-Unsubstituted Tautomeric 2-Pyridones with Benzyne
Authors: Kuzuya Masayuki , Noguchi Akihiro , Mano Ei-ichi , Okuda Takachiyo
Published: July 2006

The reactions of 2-pyridones with benzyne were investigated in order to gain some insight into the structure–reactivity–chemoselectivity relationship involved in the tautomeric systems. All reactions examined have resulted in the formation of Diels-Alder and Michael-type adducts. It has been shown that the Diels-Alder reactivities were well correlated with the HOMO energy levels of the 2-pyridone form and the yields of the Michael-type adduct were closely associated with the tautomeric equilibria. In summary, the chemoselectivities of 2-pyridones in the reaction with benzyne were largely affected by the tautomeric properties.
An Improved Method for Synthesis of l-Homoglutamic Acid via Epsilon-N-deamination of l-Lysine Derivative
Authors: Kondo Michio , Miyazaki Koujiro , Kodama Hiroaki , Horimoto Hideaki
Published: July 2006

A convenient procedure to prepare l-homoglutamic acid (l-2-aminoadipic acid; l-Aad) is described. Chlorination of ε-amino group in acetyl-l-lysine ethyl ester with t-butyl hypochlorite (t-BuOCl) followed by dehydrochlorination with pyridine gave ethyl 5-cyanovalerate which on acid hydrolysis afforded l-Aad in good yield.
The Photolysis of N,O-Diacyl-N-phenylhydroxylamines
Authors: Sakurai Tadamitsu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Yamada Shuichi , Inoue Hiroyasu
Published: July 2006

The photochemical decomposition of the title compounds yielded the rearrangement products derived from 1,3- and 1,5-aroyloxyl migrations in addition to the fragmentation products typical of the aroyloxyl and amido radicals, while only 1,3-aroyloxyl migration was observed on thermolysis. The results of crossover experiments indicate an intramolecular rearrangement, probably involving homolysis of the N–O bond in the excited states. Triplet quenching studies demonstrate that the rearrangement and fragmentation proceed exclusively via the first excited singlet state. No formation of the rearrangement products on triplet sensitization was explained on the basis of the spin multiplicity effects on a radical–radical recombination process within a solvent cage.
Preparation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polymers Anchoring Biphenyl-2-ol
Authors: Ishikawa Tomomichi , Tanaka Youji
Published: July 2006

Polymers anchoring fungicidal biphenyl-2-ol(BPOL) were prepared by the polymerization and copolymerization of 2-biphenylyl methacrylate(BPMA) with various comonomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-methacryloylglycine, and N-methacryloyl-Dl-alanine. The reactivity ratios of BPMA with the comonomers were evaluated. The α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the polymers was also studied. The release of BPOL from the polymers was represented by means of the Michaelis constant Km and the catalytic-rate constant kcat. The BPMA homopolymer gave higher Km and kcat values than the copolymers, and the copolymers with a higher content of substrate units underwent cleavage more readily. It was found that the hydrolysis of the polymeric substrates is affected by the structure and character of the comonomer rather than the arrangement order of the repeating monomer units in the polymer sequence.
Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols from Allylic Phosphates and Aldehydes with Organoaluminum Reagent Containing Al–Sn Linkage
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro , Wakamatsu Kuni , Morizawa Yoshitomi , Tsuboniwa Noriyuki , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi
Published: July 2006

Treatment of allylic phosphates with the reagent prepared from n-Bu3SnLi and Et2AlCl or from SnF2 and Et2AlCl affords allyltin compounds which react with aldehydes to produce homoallylic alcohols in good yields. The formation of allyltin compounds requires the catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 and proceeds with inversion of the stereochemistry predominantly.
Mean Square Deviations of Interatomic Distances in Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Nishikawa Keiko , Iijima Takao
Published: July 2006

In simulating the X-ray scattering intensity of liquid carbon tetrachloride, the structural diffusion model for the bcc local structure has been refined by formulating the mean square deviations of interatomic distances by dividing them into two parts, namely, translational and rotational contributions. By this treatment, the simulation has not been improved in comparison with the modified Prins relation, but the description of the motion of carbon tetrachloride molecules in the liquid becomes clear. The degree of depolarization of the ν1 Raman line is well accounted for by the use of the translational mean square deviations determined.
The Structure of the Cyclodextrin Complex. XVIII. Crystal Structure of β-Cyclodextrin–Benzyl Alcohol (1:1) Complex Pentahydrate
Authors: Harata Kazuaki , Uekama Kaneto , Otagiri Masaki , Hirayama Fumitoshi , Ohtani Yoshiro
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of the β-cyclodextrin–benzyl alcohol (1:1) complex pentahydrate was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is monoclinic with the space group P21, Z=2, a=15.356(3), b=10.101(2), c=20.869(3)Å, and β=109.90(1)°. The structure was solved by an inspection of a Patterson map and a trial-and-error method combined with a rigid-body least-squares technique. The structure was refined using the block-diagonal least-squares method to an R-value of 0.066 for 5290 reflections (sinθ⁄λ<0.63). The β-cyclodextrin molecule is somewhat elliptically distorted from the regular heptagonal symmetry because of the inclusion of a planar molecule. One primary hydroxyl group shows a gauche-trans conformation, while the others are in a gauche-gauche conformation. The secondary hydroxyl groups form intramolecular O(2)–H···O(3′) or O(3′)–H···O(2) hydrogen bonds, which maintain the round structure of β-cyclodextrin. The guest benzyl alcohol molecule is fully enclosed within the host cavity. Water molecules are distributed in intermolecular spaces between β-cyclodextrin molecules. The phenyl group of the guest is located at the primary hydroxyl side of the cavity. The hydroxyl group occupies a position at the secondary hydroxyl side of the cavity, and forms hydrogen bonds with adjacent β-cyclodextrin molecules. β-Cyclodextrin molecules are stacked along the b axis to form a typical cage-type structure with a herringbone-like packing pattern.
CO2 Laser-induced Decomposition of 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
Authors: Ogura Hiroo , Yano Takayuki
Published: July 2006

CH2ClCHFCl was photolyzed with a TEA CO2 laser at 1033.5 cm−1. The infrared multiphoton dissociation mechanism of CH2ClCHFCl was investigated under various conditions: Sample gas pressure, additive gas pressure, pulse number, pulse energy, and pulse duration. It is concluded that primary process of the IRMPD is direct elimination of molecular HCl and HF, HCl elimination being predominant channel. Primary HCl elimination products cis-and trans-CHF=CHCl, and CH2=CFCl are formed at high vibrational levels, from which additional photon absorption occurs in the secondary photolysis to give rise to CH≡CCl, CH≡CF, and CH2=CHF. All of the secondary products are concluded to be derived from mainly CH2=CFCl among the chlorofluoroethene isomers. CH2=CFCl decomposes via HF and HCl elimination channels together with the C–Cl bond-rupture channel. CH≡CH appears to be generated by the H atom abstraction reaction of C2H· radical, which may result from further decomposition of CH≡CCl and/or CH≡CF. The neat IRMPD at higher pressures gives quite similar primary product distribution, but markedly different secondary product distribution from those in shock tube pyrolysis.
Cathodic Cleavage of Some Aryl Phenacyl Sulfides
Authors: Kunugi Akira , Muto Akinori , Hirai Taketsugu
Published: July 2006

The electrolytic reduction of some aryl phenacyl sulfides in aqueous ethanol and anhydrous acetonitrile solutions has been investigated by means of polarography and controlled potential electrolysis. Dc polarograms of these compounds exhibit two waves in all solutions studied, the first of which corresponds to a one-electron and a two-electron transfer depending upon the absence and presence of proton donor. The electrode reaction taking place at the first reduction step involves cleavage of the carbon–sulfur bond, resulting in formation of acetophenone and the corresponding thiols in good yields even in an acetonitrile solution containing no proton donor. The second reduction step corresponds to the reduction of the acetophenone produced.
Preparation and Structural Studies of Tris[(1R,2R)- or (1R,2S)-2-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine]cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Noji Masahide , Toida Haruo , Kidani Yoshinori
Published: July 2006

New cobalt(III) complexes containing (1R,2R)- or (1R,2S)-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine(=amcha) have been synthesized and separated into diastereoisomers. [Co(1R,2R-amcha)3]3+ gives two diastereoisomers, structures of which were deduced to be mer-Δ and fac-Δ based upon their 13C-NMR and CD spectra. [Co(1R,2S-amcha)3]3+ gives three diastereoisomers, structures of which were determined to be mer-Λ, mer-Δ, and fac-Λ. The conformation of the six-membered chelate rings were investigated in the absence or presence of sulfate ions.
Relative Acidity of Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(diamine)cobalt(III) Complexes in Lower Dielectric Solvents
Authors: Ito Kazuaki , Iwamoto Etsuro , Hasegawa Kazuko , Yamamoto Manabu , Yamamoto Yuroku
Published: July 2006

The conductances of bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(diamine)cobalt(III) complexes ([Co(acac)2(diamine)]X, diamine: ethylenediamine (en) and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (N,N′-dmen), X=Br− and ClO4−) were measured in aprotic solvents covering the approximate range of dielectric constant 5–28 at 25 °C. It was found that a) in spite of the larger size of the methyl derivative the ionic association constants (Ka) for [Co(acac)2(N,N′-dmen)]+ complexes are larger than those for [Co(acac)2(en)]+ complexes in all the composition of nitrobenzene (PhNO2) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mixtures (wt % CCl4: 20, 40, 60, 70). b) The reverse trend was obtained in dichloromethane (DCM), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TCE), and chloroform (CHCl3). These results were explained in terms of hydrogen bonding between the NH protons in the chelate cations and the anions ClO4− and Br−, selective solvation of the NH group side by nitrobenzene, and the desolvation due to the introduction of the N-methyl groups. The relative acidity of NH protons which is controlled by solvation plays an important role in ionic association for the chelate cations with NH protons.
Studies of the Hydrous Tin(IV) Oxide Ion Exchanger. IV. The Effect of Heat Treatment
Authors: Inoue Yasushi , Yamazaki Hiromichi , Nakamizo Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

The effects of heat treatments in air or water at high pressure have been studied regarding the properties of a hydrous tin(IV) oxide ion exchanger. The exchanger in a H+ form was stable against heat treatments in both air and water up to around 80 °C; thereafter the exchange capacity progressively decreased with temperature until 300 °C, at which point it was reduced to about a quarter of the initial value. The exchanger began to crystallize at 300 °C, and formed nearly-complete cassiterite crystals at 500 °C (where the capacity disappeared). In contrast, the exchanger in a Na+ form was more stable against heat treatment than the H+ form; at 400 °C, the Na+ form retained 40 per cent of the initial exchange capacity. An examination of the uptake curves showed that more acidic exchange sites were stronger than less acidic sites against heat treatment. The existence of three kinds of water in the exchanger (adherent, zeolitic, and bound) has been suggested on the basis of the ion-exchange capacity, the thermal-analysis curves, and the recovery of water brought about by humidifying.
Thermodynamic Study for Complexation Reactions of Dibenzo-24-crown-8 with Alkali Metal Ions in Acetonitrile
Authors: Takeda Yasuyuki , Kud\={o} Yasuki , Fujiwara Shizuo
Published: July 2006

Formation constants for 1:1 complexes of dibenzo-24-crown-8 with alkali metal ions in acetonitrile have been determined by conductometry at different temperatures. Enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy changes (ΔS°) were calculated. All the ΔH° and ΔS° values are negative. The −ΔH° and −ΔS° sequences are Na+>Cs+>Rb+>K+ and Na+≥Cs+>Rb+>K+, respectively.
The Crystal Structure of the β-Form of α-Monolaurin
Authors: Goto Midori , Takiguchi Toshimichi
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of the β form of α-monolaurin has been determined. The space group is P21, with a=9.2472(3), b=74.310(2), c=4.9523(1)Å, β=97.514(3)°, and Z=8. Two types of molecular conformations of monolaurin exist in the crystal.
Mössbauer Emission Spectra of 119mSn in Tin Organosol
Authors: Ichiba Sumio , Sakamoto Toshio
Published: July 2006

The electron-scavenging effects of adding various solutes to a suspension of tin in ethanol were studied by Mössbauer emission spectroscopy. The yield of the aliovalent species of Sn4+ as the after-effects of the converted isomeric transition in 119mSn varied from the value of the suspension of tin in ethanol, depending on the properties of electron trapping of the solute added.
Synthesis and Swelling Properties of Fluorine Micas with Variable Layer Charges
Authors: Kitajima Kunio , Koyama Fumihiko , Takusagawa Nobuo
Published: July 2006

A series of tetrasilicic Na-micas with variable layer charges (x) between x=1 and x=0.32, NaxMg3−xLix(Si4O10)F2, was synthesized. The expansibility of the synthesized Na-micas upon swelling increased with decreasing layer charge.
Synthesis of Cylindrical Large Ring Crown Hosts
Authors: Kobiro Kazuya , Ohnishi Katsuhiro , Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Tobe Yoshito , Odaira Yoshinobu
Published: July 2006

New cylindrical crown hosts, tridecalino-27-crown-9, tridecalino-21-crown-7, didecalino-cyclohexano-21-crown-7, and didecalinio-21-crown-7 have been synthesized.
Catalytic Debromination of Vicinal Dibromides via Phase Transfer of Diaryltellurium Compounds
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Kondo Akiko , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: July 2006

Several vicinal dibromides were debrominated to olefins by potassium disulfite in the presence of catalytic amounts of bis(4-methoxyphenyl) telluride in a two-phase system.
The Solid State Photochemistry of 2(1H)-Pyrazinones. Structural Revision of the Photoproduct
Authors: Nishio Takehiko , Nakajima Naoko , Kondo Masaji , Omote Yoshimori
Published: July 2006

Irradiation of 1-methyl-5,6-diphenyl-2(1H)-pyrazinone (1a) and 1-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (1b) in the solid state gave the [4+4] syn-trans cyclodimers (4a–b) in almost quantitative yields, while these pyrazinones in solution phase were inert upon irradiation. On the other hand, the 2(1H)-pyrazinones (1c–e) were inert to photolysis in both the solution and solid states.
Pressure-induced Proton NMR Chemical Shift of Some Simple Hydrocarbon Molecules in Hexane Solution. Marked Low Field Shift of Ethynyl Proton Resonance
Authors: Yamada Hiroaki , Onishi Shuji , Yokoyama Masako , Sera Akira
Published: July 2006

Pressure dependence of the ethynyl proton chemical shift of phenylacetylene was studied in comparison with some simple hydrocarbons. The pronounced low field displacement is interpreted taking account of a geometric feature of the ethynyl group, where the terminal hydrogen atom is exposed to a closer contact with solvent molecules.
Pressure Dependence of l-Leucine-p-nitroanilide Hydrolysis by Leucine Aminopeptidase
Authors: Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Shima Hiroshi , Kunugi Shigeru
Published: July 2006

The effect of pressure on the hydrolysis of l-leucine-p-nitroanilide catalyzed by leucine aminopeptidase from pig kidney was investigated. The activation volumes for kcat process were −8 cm3/mol and −9 cm3/mol for the native enzyme and the modulated one by Mg2+, respectively. The volume changes for the Km process were \simeq0 cm3/mol for both enzymes.
Reverse Osmosis Separations of Aqueous NaCl–Organic Solute Systems
Authors: Kiso Yoshiaki , Kitao Takane
Published: July 2006

Some of alcohols, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons and surfactants were used as organic solute. Addition of NaCl increased the rejections of aromatic hydrocarbons and decreased the rejections of amides. It was also found that the permeability of NaCl was influenced by organic solutes.
Infrared Multiphoton Decomposition of 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethene
Authors: Ogura Hiroo
Published: July 2006

Unimolecular dissociation and subsequent reactions of CH2=CFCl subjected to the infrared multiphoton excitation were studied with a focused geometry using the P(10) line of the 10.6 μm CO2 band at 952.9 cm−1. The final products of the photolysis observed were CH≡CCl, CH≡CF, CH≡CH, CH2≡CHF, and CH2=CF2. A series of diagnostic experiments shows that the primary processes of photolysis involve the molecular elimination of HF and HCl, to minor extent C–Cl bond rupture. The relative importance of the primary steps is tentatively estimated to be approximately 100:65:25, respectively. Primarily formed CH≡CCl and CH≡CF suffer from secondary photolysis, absorbing additional photons. More fraction of CH≡CF primary yield is decomposed than that of CH≡CCl, due to the accidental resonance with the laser excitation line. CH≡CH and CH2=CHF are concluded to be formed by the H atom abstraction reactions of CH≡C· and CH2=CF· radicals generated during the photolysis, respectively, CH2=CF2 being formed by the recombination reaction between CH2=CF· radical and F atom. In the shock tube pyrolysis the formation of CH≡CF predominates over that of CH≡CCl. A mechanistic change to form CH≡CF in the shock tube pyrolysis is suggested.
Vibrational Spectra of β-Lactams. I. 2-Azetidinone and Its Isotopic Compounds
Authors: Hanai Kazuhiko , Maki Yoshifumi , Kuwae Akio
Published: July 2006

The infrared and Raman spectra of 2-azetidinone and its 1-d, 3,3-d2, and 1,3,3-d3 and their 15N compounds have been recorded, and the observed bands have been assigned on the basis of the isotope effects and the normal coordinate analysis. The refined force constants have reproduced the observed frequencies satisfactorily. The C–N stretching mode is strongly coupled with the N–H bending vibration to give a band near 1380 cm−1. However, this coupling does not give rise to any bands corresponding to the amide II and III bands. The concentration dependence of the infrared spectrum suggests the presence of an equilibrium of monomer \leftrightharpoons cyclic dimer in carbon tetrachloride solution. The solvent effects on the N–H and C=O stretching bands have also been examined.
A Novel Iterative Transfer Perturbation Method and Its Application to the Extended Hückel Method
Authors: Imamura Akira , Aoki Yuriko
Published: July 2006

An efficient iterative transfer perturbation method, which enabled us to take into account the contribution of the high order terms in the perturbation series without directly deriving the formulas for terms above third order, is proposed. Consequently we can calculate an infinite series of higher order terms in the perturbation expansion by applying this method iteratively until convergence in the expansion is obtained. By applying this method to methanol, the validity and applicability of our theory are shown at the level of the extended Hückel method.
Kinetics of the Ligand-exchange Reactions in Th(tta)4 and Th(tta)4dmso in Organic Solvents
Authors: Fujiwara Naoshi , Tomiyasu Hiroshi , Fukutomi Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

The exchange reactions of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (tta) in Th(tta)4 and of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) in Th(tta)4dmso have been studied by the NMR method. It was found that the first-order rate constant of tta exchange in acetonitrile-d3 depended linearly on the concentrations of Htta in the enol form, Httaenol, and that the rate was retarded markedly by the addition of DMSO. The activation parameters ΔH\eweq (kJ mol−1) and ΔS\eweq (JK−1 mol−1) were determined to be 43.9±0.5 and −58.4±1.5, respectively and the mechanism including the formation of a nine-coordinate intermediate was proposed. For Th(tta)4dmso, the rate of dmso exchange in acetone-d6 was much faster than that of β-diketonate exchange, and an interchange mechanism was proposed on the basis of a nonlinear dependency of the first-order rate constant on the free DMSO concentration.
New Type of Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by Metal(II) Complexes of α-Amino Acid Esters and that with Cyclodextrin System
Authors: Watanabe Ken-ichi , Yamada Yoichi , Goto Katsuhisa
Published: July 2006

The aldol condensations of p-nitrobenzaldehyde with acetone catalyzed by metal complexes of α-amino acid esters proceeded under mild and neutral conditions to afford an enantiomeric excess aldol-type product, 4-hydroxy-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-butanone, along with some dehydrated products without any by-product. The most effective catalyst system was a zinc(II) complex of the tyrosine ethyl ester, ZnII–(TyrOEt)2 in MeOH. Complexes of the second-row transition metals were inadequate for the reactions. Reactions at 30–40 °C for 24 h were favorable regarding the asymmetric induction. An H2O solvent was the best for aldol-type product formations without asymmetric induction. An assistant effect of cyclodextrins(especially, β-CD) on the catalysis of the ZnII–TyrOEt complex were thought to be observed.
Preparation and Chiroptical Properties of Optically Active Tetracyclic Cage-shaped Hydrocarbons; [m.0]Triblattanes and [m.1]Triblattanes
Authors: Naemura Koichiro , Katoh Tohru , Fukunaga Rink\={o} , Chikamatsu Hiroaki , Nakazaki Masao
Published: July 2006

Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase mediated reduction of tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,5.03,8]nonan-9-one ([1.0]triblattan-9-one) (17) gave (+)-17 and (−)-tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,5.03,8]nonan-9-ol(18). Hydrogenolysis of (+)-17 with 5% rhodium-alumina to (+)-(1R,3R,6R8R)-twist-brendan-9-ol with known absolute rotation allowed us to assign the 1S,2S,3R,5R,6R,8R absolute configuration to (+)-17 and to calculate the absolute rotation of (+)17. Wolff-Kishner reduction of (+)-17 gave (+)-[1.0]triblattane. BF3-Catalyzed diazomethane ring expansion of (+)-17 was followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction to afford optically active [m.0]triblattanes. (+)-Tetracyclo[5.2.12,6.04,8]decan-5-one ([1.1]triblattan-5-one) with known absolute configuration and absolute rotation was transformed to optically active [m.1]triblattanes by diazomethane ring expansion with BF3 etherate followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction. The known optical purities of our starting materials permitted calculation of the absolute molecular rotations of [m.0]triblattanes and [m.1]triblattanes. The chiroptical properties of triblattanes are discussed.
N-Hydroxy Amides. III. Active Esters of Polystyrene-bound 1-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone and Their Use in Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Akiyama Masayasu , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Aiba Seiichi , Katoh Hiroaki
Published: July 2006

A polymer-bond cyclic N-hydroxy amide has been prepared by reaction of aminomethylated copoly(styrene–2% divinylbenzene) with 1-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensing agent. Several N-blocked α-amino acids have been loaded on this resin by use of DCC. The amino acid resin can be utilized for peptide synthesis. Repetitive usage of the resin in the form of esters and facile synthesis of a biologically active pentapeptide, Leu5-enkephalin, show the usefulness of the polymer-bound 1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone.
Preparation of New Nitrogen-bridged Heterocycles. 11. A New Synthetic Method of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from the Alkaline Treatment of 1-[(Acylmethylthio)methyleneamino]pyridinium Salts
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Ito Suketaka , Ito Masayoshi , Yotsuya Toshiaki , Nagata Kenji
Published: July 2006

Alkaline treatment of 1-[(acylmethylthio)methyleneamino]pyridinium halides gave unexpectedly 3-acyl- or 3-(acylthio)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives in 35–87% yields. Some 4,4a-dihydropyrido[1,2-d][1,3,4]thiadiazine intermediates involved in these reactions could be detected by their nmr follows and three related 4a,8-dimethyl derivatives were isolated. Substituent effect and possible mechanisms are also discussed.
Stereochemical Control in Electron-transfer Induced Reactions. Cyclic Voltammetry and Cathodic Reduction of Epimeric 3-Halogeno-6-nitro-5-cholestenes
Authors: Sato Takeo , Wada Takahiro , Komeichi Yoshihisa , Kainosho Masatsune
Published: July 2006

The cathodic electrolyses and cyclic voltammetric measurements were carried out for epimeric 3-halogeno-6-nitro-5-cholestenes. The stability and the fate of anion radicals were found to be highly dependent on the stereochemistry of homoallylic halogen groups. Half-lives of the anion radical from 3α-chloro- and 3α-bromo derivatives were found to be 12.5 and 1.6 s, respectively, while those of 3β-halogeno derivatives were much shorter. On cathodic reduction 3β-derivatives gave a cyclosteroid, 6β-nitro-3α,5α-cyclo-5α-cholestane in a two-electron process, whereas 3α-derivatives gave a dimer, 6β,6′β-dinitro-3α,3′α-cholesta-4,4′-diene, as the major product via a one-electron process. Detailed CV studies were carried out for 6-nitro-5-cholestene as a model. The stereochemistry of 3,3′-dimer was established by the 1H NMR measurements.
Synthesis and Properties of Gramicidin S Analogs Containing Pro–d-Phe Sequence in Place of d-Phe–Pro Sequence in the β-Turn Part of the Antibiotic
Authors: Tamaki Makoto , Takimoto Michiaki , Muramatsu Ichiro
Published: July 2006

Two analogs of gramicidin S, [l-Pro4, d-Phe5]-gramicidin S and [l-Pro4,4′, d-Phe5,5′]-gramicidin S, were synthesized in order to investigate the relationships among positions of Pro residues, antibiotic activity and CD spectra. [l-Pro4,4′, d-Phe5,5′]-gramicidin S showed little activity. On the other hand, the activity of [l-Pro4, d-Phe5]-gramicidin S against Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus flavus was the same as that of gramicidin S, and its activity toward other microorganisms tested was 1/2 that of gramicidin S. The CD spectra of these analogs and gramicidin S in an aqueous solution differ from each other, indicating that these peptides have different conformations in aqueous solutions. The CD spectrum of [l-Pro4, d-Phe5]-gramicidin S resembles a graphical average of the CD spectra of gramicidin S and [l-Pro4,4′, d-Phe5,5′]-gramicidin S.
Syntheses and Properties of Oligo-l-leucines Containing α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Residues. The Novel Strategy for Solubility Improvement in Helical Oligopeptides Based on the Restriction of the Values of the Backbone Dihedral Angles φ and ψ of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Residues
Authors: Narita Mitsuaki , Doi Masamitsu , Sugasawa Hiroki , Ishikawa Kazunori
Published: July 2006

In order to provide a succinct demonstration of the usefulness of a new strategy for solubility improvement in protected peptide fragments included in α-helical regions of proteins, model oligo(Leu)s containing Aib or Ala residues were prepared by stepwise elongation and fragment condensation methods. The peptides prepared were the following: Boc–(Leu3–Aib)n–OBzl, Boc–(Leu4–Aib)n–OBzl, and Boc–(leu3–Ala)nOBzl (n=1–3). Carboxyl component peptides having Aib residues at the C-terminals smoothly reacted with amino component peptides in high yields with no care of racemization due to the absence of chiral centers in Aib residues. As expected, peptides containing Aib residues have high solubility in moderate- and high-polar organic solvents and are easily purified by recrystallization from aqueous ethanol. This is in remarkable contrast with the result that the octa- and dodecapeptides containing Ala residues are barely soluble or insoluble in these solvents. Conformational analyses by IR spectroscopies indicated that Boc–(Leu3–Aib)n–OBzl and Boc–(Leu4–Aib)n–OBzl (n=2 and 3) had helical conformations (310- or α-helices) in dichloromethane, whereas Boc–(Leu3–Ala)n–OBzl (n=2 and 3) had fully developed β-sheet structures in the solid state. The high solubility of the peptides containing Aib residues is explained by the observation that replacement of Cα hydrogen atoms with methyl groups greatly disturbs β-sheet structures, promoting helical folding in peptides. The implications of the new findings for the chemistry of peptides and proteins containing α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid residues is also discussed by building up a CPK model of an α-helical structure.
Retentive Stereospecificity in Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Sn–Al or Si–Al Reagents
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro , Nonaka Tsuyoshi , Okuda Yasuhiro , Kanemoto Shigekazu , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi
Published: July 2006

Reaction of epoxides with [n-Bu3SnAlMe3]−Li+ affords β-oxido stannanes which collapse to alkene with overall retention of stereochemistry. The SN2 type ring opening of epoxides by tributylstannyl anion followed by anti elimination of Bu3Sn and OAl−Me3 groups explains the stereochemical results. The method can be successfully applied to hydroxy epoxides derived from (E)-2-nonen-1-ol. The deoxygenation of epoxides with PhMe2SiAlEt2 also provides olefins of the same geometry as epoxides.
Raman Spectra of Compounds under Inversion Motions. IV. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Authors: Fukushima Kunio , Yamaji Masahiro
Published: July 2006

The Raman spectra of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in various states were measured. Remarkable changes in the spectrum of CH2 bending vibrations were found besides a spectrum change of the skeletal vibrations. Normal vibration calculations and measurements regarding band-intensity changes associated with temperature changes suggest that a change of the ring conformation takes place in this molecule by hydrogen bonding to a nitrogen atom.
Solubility of Tris(acetylacetonato)chromium(III) in Aqueous Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Yamamoto Manabu
Published: July 2006

From the temperature dependence of the solubility of tris(acetylacetonato)chromium(III) in aqueous t-butyl alcohol mixtures and in aqueous methanol mixtures, thermodynamic parameters of the solution were calculated. The solubility and these parameters in aqueous t-butyl alcohol mixtures could be explained qualitatively by the cavity formation terms of the scaled particle theory. It was suggested that tris(acetylacetonato)chromium(III) is in water microphases at XBuOH≤0.04 and in t-butyl alcohol microphases over this region.
Cobalt(III) Complexes with [N6−nXn]-type Ligands. V. The Preparation and Properties of N,N′-Disalicylidene-substituted Quadridentate Amine Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Tsukuda Shoko
Published: July 2006

(1,8-N-Disalicylidene-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride hydrate (1a; x,y,z: 2,2,2),

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

\oindent(1,9-N-disalicylidene-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (2a; x,y,z: 2,3,2), (1,10-N-disalicylidene-4,7-diazadecane-1,10-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride (3a; x,y,z: 3,2,3), and (1,11-N-disalicylidene-4,8-diazaundecane-1,11-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride hydrate (4a; x,y,z: 3,3,3) have been isolated from a reaction mixture of [CoCl2L]Cl·nH2O (L: quadridentate amine), AgOH, and salicylaldehyde or from one of quadridentate amine, salicylaldehyde, CoCl2·6H2O and air, and characterized. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts of their amine protons, methylene protons, and methylene carbons have been assigned. The configurations of 1a and 2a are the trans,cis(mf2m) configuration for the two CH=N– and two phenoxyl groups of the coordinated N,N′-disalicylidene-substituted quadridentate amine ligands. On the other hand, complexes 3a and 4a have the cis,trans(fm2f) configuration.
Chromatographic Study of Optical Resolution. XII. Optical Resolution of Bis(oxalato)(1,10-phenanthroline)cobaltate(III) and Its Related Anion Complexes with Cinchona Alkaloid Cations as Eluent
Authors: Miyoshi Katsuhiko , Natsubori Masahiko , Dohmoto Naoko , Izumoto Shinji , Yoneda Hayami
Published: July 2006

Ion-exchange chromatography was applied to the optical resolution of three anion complexes, [Co(ox)2(phen)]−, [Co(ox)2(bpy)]−, and [Co(ox)2(en)]− (ox=oxalate anion, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, and en=ethylenediamine) using as a chiral eluent aqueous solutions of various cinchona alkaloid cations, i.e., cinchoninium, cinchonidinium, quinidinium, and quininium ions, and their 9-acetoxy and N1-methyl derivatives. Fairly good resolution was achieved for the first two complexes with the 9-acetoxy derivatives as eluent, but no practical resolution was attained for [Co(ox)2(en)]−. Retention volumes VR determined and separation factors α estimated from VR revealed that both of the HO–C(9) and H–N(1)+ groups of each alkaloid participate in the interaction with the complex, and that the α value is increased upon acetylation of the OH group with the elution order reversed. These observations were interpreted in terms of two concomitant interaction modes in which the HO–C(9) and H–N(1)+ groups are hydrogen-bonded to the ox ligand(s) and the quinoline ring is stacked with the phen or bpy ligand of the anion complex.
Hexaamminecobalt(III)–Hydrogen Ion Exchange in α- and θ-Zirconium Phosphates with Various Particle-size Distribution
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshitsugu , Fujita Kunio
Published: July 2006

The hexaamminecobalt(III)–hydrogen ion exchange in zirconium phosphates was studied by means of the batch method, mainly with regard to the particle-size distribution of zirconium phosphates. α-Zirconium phosphates were prepared by the direct-precipitation method. The degree of ion exchange increased with the fineness of the zirconium phosphates used. The ion exchange proceeded to a lesser extent in highly crystalline α-zirconium phosphate. θ-Zirconium phosphate with the interlayer distance of 10.4 Å took up the complex cation selectively and easily. Fifty percent of the protons in the θ-zirconium phosphate were thus replaced with hexaamminecobalt(III), and the interlayer distance was expanded to 11.2 Å.
Generation of Nonstabilized Thiazolium and 2-Methylthiazolium Methylides
Authors: Tsuge Otohiko , Kanemasa Shuji , Kuraoka Satoru
Published: July 2006

Desilylation of 3-(trimethylsilylmethyl)thiazolium triflates including 2-methyl derivatives with CsF generates the corresponding thiazolium methylides which are trapped with acetylenic and olefinic dipolarophiles. This paper presents the first example for the generation of nonstabilized thiazolium methylides including 2-methyl derivatives.
Synthetic Photochemistry. XXX. The Addition Reactions of Cycloheptatriene with Some Aromatic p-Quinones
Authors: Mori Akira , Takeshita Hitoshi
Published: July 2006

The photochemical reactions of cycloheptatriene with p-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone yielded the spirocyclic ethers, which had 7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-diene structures, by the characteristic (6+2)π cycloaddition process. The latter quinone further produced the carbocyclic (2+2)π and (6+2)π cycloadducts.
Photovoltaic Properties of Coumarin Dye Films
Authors: Iijima Sei-ichiro , Mizutani Fumio , Tanaka Yoshio
Published: July 2006

Al/vacuum-deposited dye/Ag(or Au) photocells prepared by using four kinds of coumarin dyes indicate that a Schottky barrier formed at an Al/dye interface is the origin of their photovoltaic effects. Quantum yields of the short-circuit photocurrent of 0.05–0.77% and the photovoltages of 0.30–0.95 V were obtained under 0.1 mW/cm2 light.
Stereoselectivity in the Reduction of Cyclic Ketones with Sodium Borohydride. Effect of the Ratio of the Components of a Mixed Solvent of Tetrahydrofuran and Methanol
Authors: Soai Kenso , Ohi Kazumi
Published: July 2006

Reduction of relatively conformationally rigid cyclic ketones with sodium borohydride was examined in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran(THF) and methanol(MeOH) with varying the ratio of the components. The highest stereoselectivities of the reductions were observed in the mixed solvent, and not in each individual solvent.
Synthesis of Dicyclopropylideneethane and Its Reaction with Some Dienophiles
Authors: Tsuji Takashi , Kikuchi Ryo , Nishida Shinya
Published: July 2006

Preparation of dicydopropylideneethane in three steps from 3-dimethylaminosulfolane and its reaction with some dienophiles are reported.
Transition-metal-catalyzed Grignard Reaction of Isoprene Bromohydrin
Authors: Araki Shuki , Ohmura Masayuki , Butsugan Yasuo
Published: July 2006

The coupling reaction of isoprene bromohydrin with aryl and alkyl Grignard reagents catalyzed by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) selectively gave the vinyl-group-migrated products.
Oxidation of Anthracenols and Anthrone to Anthraquinones with Oxygen Mediated by Copper(II) Ion and Imidazole
Authors: Iwata Masaaki , Kuzuhara Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2006

The copper(II) chloride-imidazole-ethanol system turned out to oxidize 2-anthracenols to 1,2-anthraquinones and 2-methoxy-9-anthrone to 2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone in practical synthetic yield.
Response of Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) Ion-selective Electrodes in Some Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Aihara Makoto , Kanetake Sachiko , Fukuda Yuka
Published: July 2006

The response of cadmium(II) and copper(II) ion-selective electrodes was evaluated in methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile solutions and their mixtures with water. The electrodes showed an almost Nernstian behavior in nonaqueous solutions and their mixtures with water except in acetonitrile.