bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical absorption spectroscopy of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Schücke Lars , Bodnar Arisa , Friedrichs Niklas , Böddecker Alexander , Peters Niklas , Ollegott Kevin , Oberste-Beulmann Christian , Wirth Philipp , Nguyen-Smith Ryan T , Korolov Ihor , Gibson Andrew R , Muhler Martin , Awakowicz Peter
Published: February 2022

A twin surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) ignited in a dry synthetic air gas stream is studied regarding the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and their impact on the conversion of admixed n-butane. The discharge is driven by a damped sinusoidal voltage waveform at peak-to-peak amplitudes of 8 kVpp–13 kVpp and pulse repetition frequencies of 250 Hz–4000 Hz. Absolute densities of O3, NO2, NO3, as well as estimates of the sum of the densities of N2O4 and N2O5 are determined temporally resolved by means of optical absorption spectroscopy using a laser driven broadband light source, suitable interference filters, and a photodiode detector. The measured densities are acquired across the center of the reactor chamber as well as at the outlet of the chamber. The temporal and spatial evolution of the species’ densities is correlated to the conversion of n-butane at concentrations of 50 ppm and 400 ppm, measured by means of flame ionization detectors. The n-butane is admixed either before or after the reactor chamber, in order to separate the impact of short- and long-lived reactive species on the conversion process. It is found that, despite the stationary conversion at the selected operating points, at higher voltages and repetition frequencies the densities of the measured species are not in steady state. Based on the produced results it is presumed that the presence of n-butane modifies the formation and consumption pathways of O3. At the same time, there is no significant impact on the formation of dinitrogen oxides (N2O4 and N2O5). Furthermore, a comparatively high conversion of n-butane, when admixed at the outlet of the reactor chamber is observed. These findings are discussed together with known rate coefficients for the reactions of n-butane with selected RONS.
A tale of two kinds of exceptional point in a hydrogen molecule
Authors: Barman Himadri , Valliapan Suriyaa
Published: February 2022

We study the parity and time-reversal

(

PT

)

symmetric quantum physics in a non-Hermitian non-relativistic hydrogen molecule with local (Hubbard type) Coulomb interaction. We consider non-Hermiticity generated from both kinetic and orbital energies of the atoms and encounter the existence of two different types of exceptional points (EPs) in pairs. These two kinds of EP are characteristically different and depend differently on the interaction strength. Our discovery may open the gates of a rich physics emerging out of a simple Hamiltonian resembling a two-site Hubbard model.
Urban working groups in the IAEA’s model testing programmes: overview from the MODARIA I and MODARIA II programmes
Authors: Thiessen Kathleen M , Boznar Marija Zlata , Charnock Thomas W , Chouhan Sohan L , Federspiel Lucia , Grašič Boštjan , Grsic Zoran , Helebrant Jan , Hettrich Sebastian , Hůlka Jiří , Hwang Won Tae , Kamboj Sunita , Korolevych Volodymyr , Kuča Petr , Lee Joeun , Mancini Francesco , Mlakar Primož , Patryl Luc , Pattantyús-Ábrahám Margit , Reisin Tamir , Sdouz Gert , Silva Kampanart , Takahara Shogo , Tay Bee Kiat , Walter Hartmut , Yankovich Tamara , Yu Charley
Published: February 2022

The IAEA’s model testing programmes have included a series of Working Groups concerned with modelling radioactive contamination in urban environments. These have included the Urban Working Group of Validation of Environmental Model Predictions (1988–1994), the Urban Remediation Working Group of Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) (2003–2007), the Urban Areas Working Group of EMRAS II (2009–2011), the Urban Environments Working Group of (Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments) MODARIA I (2013–2015), and most recently, the Urban Exposures Working Group of MODARIA II (2016–2019). The overarching objective of these Working Groups has been to test and improve the capabilities of computer models used to assess radioactive contamination in urban environments, including dispersion and deposition processes, short-term and long-term redistribution of contaminants following deposition events, and the effectiveness of various countermeasures and other protective actions, including remedial actions, in reducing contamination levels, human exposures, and doses to humans. This paper describes the exercises conducted during the MODARIA I and MODARIA II programmes. These exercises have included short-range and mid-range atmospheric dispersion exercises based on data from field tests or tracer studies, hypothetical urban dispersion exercises, and an exercise based on data collected after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Improvement of model capabilities will lead to improvements in assessing various contamination scenarios (real or hypothetical), and in turn, to improved decision-making and communication with the public following a nuclear or radiological emergency.
Shocks and solitons in collisional dense laser produced plasmas
Authors: Shilpa S , Pai Divya D , Michael Manesh , Venugopal C , Gopinath Pramod
Published: February 2022

The characteristics of nonlinear electron-acoustic waves such as shocks and solitons, are investigated in a three component, dense laser produced plasma consisting of ions and two distinct groups of electrons, using the quantum hydrodynamic model and the standard reductive perturbation method. The modified Korteweg-deVries (mKdV) and Korteweg-deVries-Burgers (KdVB) equations have been derived for the electron-acoustic waves in the plasma. The dependence of both shocks and solitons on various parameters has been extensively studied. It is observed that whenever the density crosses the limit from the classical to the quantum range, the effective potential remains invariant for the solitary profiles; but shows a slight variation for the shock profiles. The collisional effect plays a significant role in the dissipation of solitary waves and the dissipation is larger for higher values of collision frequencies. The results obtained could prove helpful for understanding the parametric dependence of nonlinear waves in highly intense laser plasma interactions.
The seemingly preferred cosmic frame
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: February 2022

The Universe appears to have a ‘preferred’ frame of reference, within which the cosmic microwave background is completely isotropic. Earth’s motion through this relic radiation field is measurable, and some have viewed this type of observation as a possible contradiction of Einstein’s principle of relativity. Several experiments have been proposed (and some have been carried out) to test for violations of Lorentz invariance when transforming out of this background frame, e.g., based on expected velocity differences in a Michelson-Morley type of probe. But what exactly is this cosmic frame? Is it truly an absolute frame attached to the Universe, or is it an observer-dependent construction? Such possibilities represent very different Physics, of course. In this paper, we work through these issues carefully, without the introduction of unsubstantiated assumptions. We show that the preferred frames originate through general (not special) relativity, and are indeed observer-dependent. Their existence does not at all conflict with Einstein’s fundamental hypothesis of special relativity.
Quantitative evaluation of LAL productivity of colloidal nanomaterials: Which laser pulse width is more productive, ergonomic, and economic?
Authors: Nastulyavichus Alena , Smirnov Nikita , Kudryashov Sergey
Published: February 2022

Near-IR (wavelength ≈ 1 μm) laser ablation of bulk, chemically-inert gold in water was compared for different laser pulse width in broad the range of 300 fs–100 ns, comparing a number of key ablation characteristics: mass loss, single-shot crater volume and extinction coefficient of the generated colloidal solutions taken in the spectral ranges of interband transitions and localized plasmon resonance. Comparing to related air-based ablation results, at the given fluences laser ablation in the liquid resulted in the maximum ablation yield per unit energy and maximum NP yield per pulse and per unit energy for the picosecond lasers, occurring at subcritical peak pulse powers for laser self-focusing. The self-focusing effect was demonstrated to yield in incomplete, effectively weaker focusing in the water filaments of ultrashort laser pulses with supercritical peak powers, comparing to linear (geometrical) focusing at sub-critical peak powers. At the other, nanosecond-pulse extreme the high ablation yield per pulse, but low ablation yield per unit energy and low NP yield per pulse and per unit energy were related to strong ablation plasma screening, providing mass removal according to the well-established scaling relationships for plasma. Illustrative comparison of the ablation and nanoparticle generation efficiency versus the broad fs–ns laser pulse width range was enabled in terms of productivity, economicity, and ergonomicity, using the proposed universal quantitative criteria.
Hemodynamics of aneurysm intervention with different stents
Authors: Wu Peichan , Yan Yuhan , Zhu Huan , Shi Juan , Chen Zhenqian
Published: February 2022

An ideal cerebral aneurysm model with different stent forms is established. By using the single-relaxation-time (SRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to solve the flow field, the blood flow characteristics in the aneurysm under different conditions are studied numerically. The intra-arterial stenting of saccular aneurysms at different Reynolds numbers and the feasibility of new stenting forms such as double stenting and variable-spacing stenting in the aneurysms are explored. The hemodynamic factors such as velocity distribution and wall shear stress (WSS) in the aneurysm are analyzed. Numerical results show that the risk of aneurysm rupture is mainly centralized at the right corner of the aneurysm. Intervention of stents in the aneurysm can effectively reduce the intra-aneurysmal velocity and WSS, and decrease the danger of aneurysm rupture during strenuous exercise or emotional excitement. At the same time, the intervention of a double stent and the stent shape with a dense anterior part in the aneurysm has certain advantages in preventing aneurysm rupture. The intra-aneurysmal mean velocity reduction can reach 90.39% and 80.29% after the intervention of the double stent and the anterior densified stent respectively.
Photothermal-chemical synthesis of P–S–H ternary hydride at high pressures
Authors: Ye Tingting , Zeng Hong , Cheng Peng , Yao Deyuan , Pan Xiaomei , Zhang Xiao , Ding Junfeng
Published: February 2022

The recent discovery of room temperature superconductivity (283 K) in carbonaceous sulfur hydride (C–S–H) has attracted much interest in ternary hydrogen rich materials. In this report, ternary hydride P–S–H was synthesized through a photothermal-chemical reaction from elemental sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) and molecular hydrogen (H2) at high pressures and room temperature. Raman spectroscopy under pressure shows that H2S and PH3 compounds are synthesized after laser heating at 0.9 GPa, and a ternary van der Waals compound P–S–H is synthesized with further compression to 4.6 GPa. The P–S–H compound is probably a mixed alloy of PH3 and (H2S)2H2 with a guest–host structure similar to the C–S–H system. The ternary hydride can persist up to 35.6 GPa at least and shows two phase transitions at approximately 23.6 GPa and 32.8 GPa, respectively.
Bifurcation analysis of visual angle model with anticipated time and stabilizing driving behavior
Authors: Guan Xueyi , Cheng Rongjun , Ge Hongxia
Published: February 2022

In the light of the visual angle model (VAM), an improved car-following model considering driver’s visual angle, anticipated time and stabilizing driving behavior is proposed so as to investigate how the driver’s behavior factors affect the stability of the traffic flow. Based on the model, linear stability analysis is performed together with bifurcation analysis, whose corresponding stability condition is highly fit to the results of the linear analysis. Furthermore, the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equation and the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation are derived by nonlinear analysis, and we obtain the relationship of the two equations through the comparison. Finally, parameter calibration and numerical simulation are conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, whose results are highly consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Precise determination of characteristic laser frequencies by an Er-doped fiber optical frequency comb
Authors: Cao Shiying , Han Yi , Ding Yongjin , Lin Baike , Fang Zhanjun
Published: February 2022

Femtosecond optical frequency combs correlate the microwave and optical frequencies accurately and coherently. Therefore, any optical frequency in visible to near-infrared region can be directly traced to a microwave frequency. As a result, the length unit “meter” is directly related to the time unit “second”. This paper validates the capability of the national wavelength standards based on a home-made Er-doped fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb to measure the laser frequencies ranging from visible to near-infrared region. Optical frequency conversion in the femtosecond optical frequency comb is achieved by combining spectral broadening in a highly nonlinear fiber with a single-point frequency-doubling scheme. The signal-to-noise ratio of the beat notes between the femtosecond optical frequency comb and the lasers at 633, 698, 729, 780, 1064, and 1542 nm is better than 30 dB. The frequency instability of the above lasers is evaluated by using a hydrogen clock signal with a instability of better than 1 × 10−13 at 1-s averaging time. The measurement is further validated by measuring the absolute optical frequency of an iodine-stabilized 532-nm laser and an acetylene-stabilized 1542-nm laser. The results are within the uncertainty range of the international recommended values. Our results demonstrate the accurate optical frequency measurement of lasers at different frequencies using the femtosecond optical frequency comb, which is not only important for the precise and accurate traceability and calibration of the laser frequencies, but also provides technical support for establishing the national wavelength standards based on the femtosecond optical frequency comb.
Micro thermoelectric devices: From principles to innovative applications
Authors: Liu Qiulin , Li Guodong , Zhu Hangtian , Zhao Huaizhou
Published: February 2022

Thermoelectric devices (TEDs), including thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and thermoelectric coolers (TECs) based on the Seebeck and Peltier effects, respectively, are capable of converting heat directly into electricity and vice versa. Tough suffering from low energy conversion efficiency and relatively high capital cost, TEDs have found niche applications, such as the remote power source for spacecraft, solid-state refrigerators, waste heat recycling, and so on. In particular, on-chip integrable micro thermoelectric devices (μ-TEDs), which can realize local thermal management, on-site temperature sensing, and energy harvesting under minor temperature gradient, could play an important role in biological sensing and cell cultivation, self-powered Internet of Things (IoT), and wearable electronics. In this review, starting from the basic principles of thermoelectric devices, we summarize the most critical parameters for μ-TEDs, design guidelines, and most recent advances in the fabrication process. In addition, some innovative applications of μ-TEDs, such as in combination with microfluidics and photonics, are demonstrated in detail.
Most probable transition paths in eutrophicated lake ecosystem under Gaussian white noise and periodic force
Authors: Jiang Jinlian , Xu Wei , Han Ping , Niu Lizhi
Published: February 2022

The effects of stochastic perturbations and periodic excitations on the eutrophicated lake ecosystem are explored. Unlike the existing work in detecting early warning signals, this paper presents the most probable transition paths to characterize the regime shifts. The most probable transition paths are obtained by minimizing the Freidlin–Wentzell (FW) action functional and Onsager–Machlup (OM) action functional, respectively. The most probable path shows the movement trend of the lake eutrophication system under noise excitation, and describes the global transition behavior of the system. Under the excitation of Gaussian noise, the results show that the stability of the eutrophic state and the oligotrophic state has different results from two perspectives of potential well and the most probable transition paths. Under the excitation of Gaussian white noise and periodic force, we find that the transition occurs near the nearest distance between the stable periodic solution and the unstable periodic solution.
Avalanche photodiodes on silicon photonics
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tossoun Bassem , Huang Zhihong , Zeng Xiaoge , Kurczveil Geza , Fiorentino Marco , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: February 2022

Silicon photonics technology has drawn significant interest due to its potential for compact and high-performance photonic integrated circuits. The Ge- or III–V material-based avalanche photodiodes integrated on silicon photonics provide ideal high sensitivity optical receivers for telecommunication wavelengths. Herein, the last advances of monolithic and heterogeneous avalanche photodiodes on silicon are reviewed, including different device structures and semiconductor systems.
Recent development in electronic structure tuning of graphitic carbon nitride for highly efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jie , Huang Yanbin , Liu Jun , Ma Mengmeng , Liu Kong , Zhao Chao , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Zhang Lei , Han Haiyan , Deng Wenshuang , Wang Zhanguo
Published: February 2022

The utilization of solar energy to drive energy conversion and simultaneously realize pollutant degradation via photocatalysis is one of most promising strategies to resolve the global energy and environment issues. During the past decade, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted dramatically growing attention for solar energy conversion due to its excellent physicochemical properties as a photocatalyst. However, its practical application is still impeded by several limitations and shortcomings, such as high recombination rate of charge carriers, low visible-light absorption, etc. As an effective solution, the electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4 has been widely adopted. In this context, firstly, the paper critically focuses on the different strategies of electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4 like vacancy modification, doping, crystallinity modulation and synthesis of a new molecular structure. And the recent progress is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future trends are summarized.
Diamond semiconductor and elastic strain engineering
Authors: Dang Chaoqun , Lu Anliang , Wang Heyi , Zhang Hongti , Lu Yang
Published: February 2022

Diamond, as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor, has become a promising candidate for next-generation microelectronics and optoelectronics due to its numerous advantages over conventional semiconductors, including ultrahigh carrier mobility and thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and ultra-high breakdown voltage, etc. Despite these extraordinary properties, diamond also faces various challenges before being practically used in the semiconductor industry. This review begins with a brief summary of previous efforts to model and construct diamond-based high-voltage switching diodes, high-power/high-frequency field-effect transistors, MEMS/NEMS, and devices operating at high temperatures. Following that, we will discuss recent developments to address scalable diamond device applications, emphasizing the synthesis of large-area, high-quality CVD diamond films and difficulties in diamond doping. Lastly, we show potential solutions to modulate diamond’s electronic properties by the “elastic strain engineering” strategy, which sheds light on the future development of diamond-based electronics, photonics and quantum systems.
Silicon-integrated high-speed mode and polarization switch-and-selector
Authors: Dong Yihang , Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Xu Zihan , Zou Xihua , Su Yikai
Published: February 2022

On-chip optical communications are growingly aiming at multimode operation together with mode-division multiplexing to further increase the transmission capacity. Optical switches, which are capable of optical signals switching at the nodes, play a key role in optical networks. We demonstrate a 2 × 2 electro-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based mode- and polarization-selective switch fabricated by standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. An electro optic tuner based on a PN-doped junction in one of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer arms enables dynamic switching in 11 ns. For all the channels, the overall insertion losses and inter-modal crosstalk values are below 9.03 and –15.86 dB at 1550 nm, respectively.
Geometric conditions for saturating the data processing inequality
Authors: Cree Sam , Sorce Jonathan
Published: February 2022

The data processing inequality (DPI) is a scalar inequality satisfied by distinguishability measures on density matrices. For some distinguishability measures, saturation of the scalar DPI implies an operator equation relating the arguments of the measure. These results are typically derived using functional analytic techniques. In a complementary approach, we use geometric techniques to derive a formula that gives an operator equation from DPI saturation for any distinguishability measure; moreover, for a broad class of distinguishability measures, the derived operator equation is sufficient to imply saturation as well. Our operator equation coincides with known results for the sandwiched Rényi relative entropies, and gives new results for α-z Rényi relative entropies and a family of of quantum f-divergences, which we compute explicitly.
Counting equilibria in a random non-gradient dynamics with heterogeneous relaxation rates
Authors: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine Bertrand , Fyodorov Yan V
Published: February 2022

We consider a nonlinear autonomous random dynamical system of N degrees of freedom coupled by Gaussian random interactions and characterized by a continuous spectrum n

μ
(λ) of real positive relaxation rates. Using Kac–Rice formalism, the computation of annealed complexities (both of stable equilibria and of all types of equilibria) is reduced to evaluating the averages involving the modulus of the determinant of the random Jacobian matrix. In the limit of large system N ≫ 1 we derive exact analytical results for the complexities for short-range correlated coupling fields, extending results previously obtained for the ‘homogeneous’ relaxation spectrum characterised by a single relaxation rate. We show the emergence of a ‘topology trivialisation’ transition from a complex phase with exponentially many equilibria to a simple phase with a single equilibrium as the magnitude of the random field is decreased. Within the complex phase the complexity of stable equilibria undergoes an additional transition from a phase with exponentially small probability to find a single stable equilibrium to a phase with exponentially many stable equilibria as the fraction of gradient component of the field is increased. The behaviour of the complexity at the transition is found only to depend on the small λ behaviour of the spectrum of relaxation rates n

μ
(λ) and thus conjectured to be universal. We also provide some insights into a counting problem motivated by a paper of Spivak and Zyuzin of 2004 about wave scattering in a disordered nonlinear medium.
International scientific and practical conference "Improving energy efficiency, environmental safety and sustainable development in agriculture" (EESTE 2021)
Authors: Gibadullin Arthur
Published: February 2022

Within the framework of the presented material, the results of the conducted International scientific and practical conference "Improving energy efficiency, environmental safety and sustainable development in agriculture" (EESTE 2021).
Simulation of an induction flow water heater based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component
Authors: Aflyatunov R R , Vasilyev P I , Khazieva R T
Published: February 2022

Water supply plays an important role in the development of the agricultural sector. Maintaining the temperature when watering plants is essential for proper growth. The water must be warm if it is watering overhead or is carried out with a large volume of water at a time. In the article, the authors propose an effective induction instantaneous water heater using functional integration methods. The modeling of the pipeline heating process was carried out in the Elcut software package, the results of the thermal problem of the model were obtained. The article presents a diagram of an induction instantaneous water heater based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component (MIEC), made of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric and rolled into a roll. This technology makes it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the system and increase its reliability.
Variability of Siberian stone pine seed yield in introduction plantations in the Vologda region
Authors: Khamitov R S , Andronova M M , Korchagov S A , Khamitova S M
Published: February 2022

Selection of high-yielding samples of Siberian stone pine in artificial plantations created outside its habitat potentially improves the quality of work on its introduction. The study represents an assessment of the level of individual variability of Siberian stone pine by seed yield in the context of introduction (taking into account its variation by years of crop generation). Studies were conducted in the annually seeding Chagrinsky cedar grove located in the Gryazovetsky District of the Vologda Region. Sample trees were selected to observe the dynamics of seed formation in the plantation. Observations allowed us to conclude about the irregularity of yields from year to year and high variability in the volume of yields among individual trees. A significantly pronounced effect on the seed yield of Siberian stone pine is recorded both in terms of the year of cone generation and individual variability of the trees. Individual characteristics account for 41% of the total variation in yield, while the year of observation accounts for only 21%. Dependence on individual variability slightly decreases with the increasing duration of observations, which may be due to chronographic variability in the reproductive capacity of the trees. It was concluded that the selection of maternal producers for the creation of high-yielding plantations is advisable. At the same time, the increased observation period for the reproductive capacity of individual trees makes it possible to increase the efficiency of selection. To reduce the duration of observations, it was recommended to use the ratio of crown width to crown length as a correlative feature. Nevertheless, in some non-yielding years, the relationship between the yield and this feature may not be evident. For this purpose, the trees with the lowest value of this indicator should be selected as high-yielding ones.
Influence of growing regions on losses from physiological diseases of fruits cv. Honeycrisp
Authors: Gudkovsky V A , Kozhina L V , Nazarov Yu B , Sutormina A V
Published: February 2022

The work was carried out at the Federal Research Center named after I.V. Michurin (Tambov region, Russia) in 2019, using fruits cv. Honeycrisp with a high susceptibility to bitter pit (BP), low temperature breakdown (LTB) and soft scald (SS). Studied fruits were grown at commercial orchards from 6 regions of the Central Federal District (Moscow, Tula, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh). The aim of the research was to assess the influence of meteorological factors of different growing regions on the susceptibility of fruits to physiological diseases during storage. The maximum susceptibility to BP is observed for fruits from the Southern region of the Central Federal District (Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod regions) with high air temperatures (> 25 °C) and moisture deficit (HTC <0.7) during the growing season. The fruits from the Northern region of the Central Federal District (Moscow, Tula regions) with low air temperatures (minimum temperatures <10 °C) and sufficient moisture supply during the growing season (HTC > 1) are characterized by the maximum susceptibility to SS and LTB. An intermediate position is occupied by the Lipetsk region, where the risks of BP, SS and LTB development are quite high. Stressful agronomic factors such as young age of plantations (1-2 years of fruiting), low yield, strong pruning, etc. can cause the development of BP regardless of growing region, with higher risks of disease development under stressful meteorological conditions.
Application of gear hydraulic machines in the composition of hydrostatic transmissions
Authors: Vorozhtsov O V , Plaksin I E , Trifanov A V
Published: February 2022

Hydraulic machines serve either to impart energy to the fluid flowing through them, or to obtain energy from the fluid for its further useful use. The number of hydraulic machines used in the national economy is increasing annually, due to the fact that, in comparison with electric motors, they have smaller overall dimensions and weight, and also have a higher ratio of torque on the output shaft to the moment of inertia of the rotor. In agriculture, hydraulic machines are widely used in crop production. Through the use of hydraulics and automation, the development of complex mechanization of production processes is carried out, which provides for the development of machines of increased power and reliability. Also, the use of hydraulic machines allows you to relieve the structure of rigid mechanical connections and allows a wide range of adjustment of the unit operation. The most widely used today are two types of hydraulic machines - piston and gear. The use of hydraulic piston machines places high demands on the degree of purification and quality of transmission oil, as well as on the qualifications of technical personnel to ensure quality maintenance. Gear hydraulic machines are less demanding on the purity of the working fluid, as well as simplicity in design, are quite reliable, have a low cost price and a wide range of rotational speeds, in addition, they are able to create a relatively high pressure with low weight. The overall efficiency of gear hydraulic machines, which is 90%, is slightly inferior to that of piston hydraulic machines, which reaches 93%, respectively. The given characteristics of gear hydraulic machines allow us to consider them, taking into account modern design features, as a power basis for a hydrostatic transmission, with a limitation in power of application.
Results of metallographic observations of cultivator shares after spot electromechanical processing
Authors: Yakovlev Sergey , Kurdyumov Vladimir , Ayugin Nikolay , Mishanin Alexandr
Published: February 2022

Presented are the results of metallographic studies of the structure and properties of a cultivator share, hardened by spot electromechanical processing in its various high-wear areas. In the process of research, the manufacturer was offered recommendations on the technology of forming parts in the process of their manufacture. It has been established that spot electromechanical processing allows to obtain hemispherical hardened areas with a hardness of HV 7000 ... 7600 MPa, which will provide the effect of self-sharpening of their cutting parts during the operation of the cultivator shares. Spot electromechanical processing with two tools allows to provide through hardening of the cultivator share along the ends of the share wings. The proposed technology for hardening cultivator shares during their manufacture and repair will increase the durability of these parts during their operation.
Using arable units with tractors of traction class 1.4 of different power
Authors: Boykov V M , Startsev S V , Pavlov A V , Nesterov E S
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of analytical studies of the traction characteristics of wheeled tractors with a power of 50-75 kW located in the same traction class 1.4. Empirical expressions are obtained for the dependence of the tractive effort of the Case IH Farmall JX 1090U, Challenger MT 425, Massey Ferguson 4225, New Holland TD 5030 MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractors on the travel speed. The dependence of the traction resistance of a three-body plow PLN-3-35 on the speed of movement, aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4, has been determined. As a result of the graphic-analytical analysis, the optimal loading mode for each tractor was established when working with a PLN-35 plow, 1.05 m wide at a depth of 0.30 m. The hourly productivity of arable units and the energy intensity of the main moldboard tillage are determined. A comparison of the obtained operational indicators is given.
To the question of controlling insect pests of seed grain when stored in sealed vessels
Authors: Latyshenok N M , Shemyakin A V , Slobodskova A A , Latyshenok M B
Published: February 2022

During grain storage, pests cause significant harm. Their larvae gnaw through the shell of the grain and penetrate inside, where they feed on the endosperm. Currently, when fighting against such pests, the technologies of forced cooling of the grain mound and disinfection of seeds using insecticides are used. Both of these technologies are not widely used in grain production, due to significant material and energy costs for the purchase and maintenance of special equipment. Moreover, the second technology is environmentally hazardous, since it uses substances polluting the environment. Now many scientists are engaged in studying ecologically safe methods of fighting with pests. One of such methods is grain treatment with ozone. However, this method is not used due to the lack of recommendations for the use of this gas and the need for some additional equipment for gas production. To ensure the metabolic process in their body, pests need to consume oxygen from the environment in much larger volumes than the seeds of cereals need. A promising method for protecting seeds from pests is a method based on limiting the process of slowing down the metabolism of pests by limiting the consumption of oxygen from the environment. This article is devoted to the results of studying this method.
Using growth-promoting drugs when cultivating bulb onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Tyutyuma N V , Bondarenko A N
Published: February 2022

Expert estimates show that the Astrakhan Oblast may become the country's leading region for the production of onions, annually providing up to 300-500 thousand tons. Moreover, the average yield in the Astrakhan Oblast remains quite low, and one of the reasons for this is the lack of scientifically based resource-saving irrigation technologies. The purpose of the studies was to study the influence of growth-stimulating drugs aimed at increasing the yield of bulb onions in the zone of light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. In this regard, for study, the authors raised questions related to the influence of various growth-stimulating drugs and mineral feeds in drip irrigation conditions on biometric indicators and yields of varieties and hybrids of onions of domestic breeding. As a result of biometric measurements carried out three times per vegetation (phase 4-5 of the present leaf, bulb formation, the beginning of technical ripeness (leaf drying), the highest values were obtained on the version using two-fold spraying by the natural growth regulator Novosil. On the basis of the received results of researches it was established that use of sheet processing by the medicine Novosil promoted increase in productivity and marketability of onion especially it was shown on grades Christina and a hybrid F1 Bayram.
Screw flow in cylindrical coarse filter
Authors: Esin A I , Soloviev D A , Zagoruyko M G , Kolganov D A , Marynova T A
Published: February 2022

This work discuss the screw type of liquid (irrigation water) motion in a cylindrical coarse filter of a sprinkler machine. A vortex helical flow arises due to the instability of a rectilinear longitudinally uniform flow and uneven distribution of tangential stresses along the wetted perimeter of the cross section of the flow and manifests itself in the form of secondary flows of transverse circulation. The solution of the equations of motion in the gap "mesh - housing" of the filter, expressed in terms of the Bessel function, is obtained. Profiles of longitudinal and rotational velocities in the gap and in the entire filter have been constructed.
Effectiveness of herbicide tank mixtures with Sekator Turbo and graminicides on oil flax
Authors: Mamyrko Yu V , Bushnev A S , Krivoshlykov K M
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of post-emergent tank mixtures of herbicidal compositions on weeds in oil flax yields on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. The results were obtained in 2018-2020. We determined the economic efficiency of herbicidal compositions of tank mixtures aimed at suppressing vegetative dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds. The compositions were based on herbicide Sekator Turbo together with one of the graminicides – Bagira, Fusilade Forte, Quickstep, Miura, Zellek-super. The results show that application of the tank mixture Selator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/ha) + Bagira, EC (1.5 l/ha) provided the best effectiveness at the cultivation of oil flax, due to the highest productivity (1.34 t/ha) and obtainment if a net profit (19 115 thousand rubles per 1 hectare).
Microelement composition of spring rape plants depending on the specified experimental conditions
Authors: Zubkova T V , Vinogradov D V , Zakharov V L
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to study the effect of various doses of chicken manure (CP), zeolite (C), their mixtures and mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of microelements in the vegetative organs of spring rape plants at different stages of development. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit promoted a decrease in such trace elements as Cu, Zn and Mn in the vegetative mass of rapeseed throughout the entire period of plant development. On experimental plots using organic-mineral mixtures (CP 2.5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 10 t / ha + C 3 t / ha) the active adsorption of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit in relation to Zn was revealed, which contributed to a decrease in the element in the vegetative mass of rape in the variants of the experiment throughout the entire vegetation period of plants. Consequently, the studies carried out make it possible to recommend the cultivation of spring rapeseed using organic waste as fertilizers together with natural zeolite in the forest-steppe conditions CHR.
The impact of agriculture on the sustainable development of the municipal area
Authors: Dvoryadkina E B , Ermakova A M , Motorina A O
Published: February 2022

The article considers the current state of agriculture and its role in the development of the municipal district. The authors describe the measures that are applied at a particular agricultural enterprise. As a result of implementation, it is possible to achieve a solid economic base, thereby increasing the sustainable development of not only an individual enterprise, but also the municipal district as a whole.
Composition and technology of drying fruit of the medicinal plant “Capparis spinosa L.” and its study
Authors: Inagamov S Ya , Tajibaev G G , Tursunova Z B , Sadikova N B , Narzullaev D Z
Published: February 2022

This paper considers the study of the composition and development of technology for drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." grown in the Namangan region (Uzbekistan). The conducted experiments proved the presence in the composition of the medicinal plant fruit "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." of vital vitamins, macro- and microelements. For ease and convenience of transportation, as well as for long-term storage, a technological drying process has been developed to dry the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." The process of drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." was carried out at the installation of a multi-belt dryer by supplying a heat carrier with a temperature of 55-60°C for 120-180 minutes. Hot air is used as a heat carrier. Also, the optimum temperature for drying the fruit of the medicinal plant "spiny capers - Capparis spinosa L." was studied. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that burning in the fruits of spiny capers medicinal plant is observed when dried at a temperature of 80°C and above. It has also been proven that the drying temperature of the fruit of the studied medicinal plant in the range of 60-70°C is optimal.
Methods for predicting the negative impact on the environment during the operation of vehicles in agricultural production
Authors: Timofeev E V , Erk A F , Gordeeva T I
Published: February 2022

Modern agriculture is characterized by a continuous increase in production, which is inextricably linked with the growth of consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER). The consumption of motor fuel for agricultural enterprises is about 40% of the total consumption of fuel and energy resources. The use of motor fuel inevitably leads to emissions of pollutants. Predicting the negative impact on the environment depends on the quantity and quality of these emissions. The purpose of the research is: analysis of forecasting methods; selection and justification of the most attractive forecasting method; planning of measures to reduce emissions into the environment. The statistical method of forecasting, which uses the theory of multidimensional dynamic stochastic processes, is the most attractive. The development and implementation of measures developed taking into account the analysis of the forecast of the negative impact on the environment of vehicles of agricultural enterprises will reduce the negative impact on the environment by introducing energy-efficient technologies into the energy balance of the enterprise.
Experimental study pipe insulation heat losses with moisture ingress
Authors: Hayrullin A R , Habibullina I F , Haibullina A I , Ilyin V K
Published: February 2022

The article presents the experimental studies of the influence of moisture ingress on thermal performance pipe insulation. To determine heat losses of the insulating material under moisture ingress, the guarded heated pipe method was used. Rock wool was used as insulation material. Moistening of the insulating material was carried out according to the injecting method. The moisture content by weight was 2%, 4% and 6%, the temperature of the heated pipe was 45 °C, 65 °C and 90 °C. Heat losses of rock wool can increase from 1.3 to 1.9 times, depending on the temperature of the heated pipe and the moisture content.
Using of pyrolysis data in the analysis of the oil-and-gas prospectivity of a formation as part of a studies complex on the example of the Marcellus formation
Authors: Maende A , Weldon D , Bolshakov M N , Zaharov A D , Marutyan O O
Published: February 2022

The work objective was an analysis for the petroleum prospectivity of a core from the Marcellus Formation of Western Pennsylvania, USA. In accordance with the investigation results, two sample groups were delineated based on TOC and S1free oil measurements of the analyzed core and the most prospective interval for further development was marked out. Core analysis on a Marcellus TST sequence overlain by undetermined sequence Marcellus core was done using pyrolysis and SEM XRF measurements together with GR (Gamma Ray), ChemoGR (calculated from Potassium, Thorium and Uranium), Porosity and PHIE (Effective Porosity) logging. Oil saturation was measured using both Classical Pyrolysis and HAWK-PAM methods. HAWK Petroleum Assessment MethodTM is advanced multiramp/multizone pyrolysis method that utilizes five zones using multiple ramp and isotherm routines assigned during a single sample analysis. A ramp rate of 25°C is utilized to generate five petroleum peaks – four on oil fractions and one on kerogen. The efficiency of the HAWK-PAM pyrolysis method is shown for determination of the sweet spot intervals that is particularly important for the development of hard-to-recover unconventional reservoirs like the Marcellus Formation in USA or the Bazhenov Formation in Russia.
Priority development of environmental infrastructure in ensuring the environmental sustainability of rural areas
Authors: Krasilnikova L E , Balandin D A , Fedoseeva S S
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problems of environmental sustainability of rural areas. The basic concepts of ensuring sustainable development based on the balance of the ecological component have been investigated. The analysis of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the EU countries and regions of the Russian Federation is carried out. The nature conservation activity in Russia and rural areas of the Perm Territory is considered. The conclusion is made about the need to develop environmental infrastructure as the main direction of ensuring the environmental sustainability of rural areas.
Evaluation of statistical data on soil contamination of the Krasnodar Territory with pesticides
Authors: Grafkina M V , Pitryuk A V
Published: February 2022

Agricultural activity is highly developed in the Krasnodar Territory, agricultural lands occupy more than 60% of its area. There is a risk of human health effects when eating agricultural products grown on soils contaminated with pesticides. Environmental problems caused by the contamination of agricultural soils of the region with pesticides determine its environmental safety and are very relevant. In the Russian Federation, many years of research are being conducted on soil contamination with pesticides in various regions. The annual reports contain data on the surveyed territories and survey areas, on the average and maximum concentrations of various pesticides, and on the types of pesticides. This study is devoted to the analysis of officially published data on soil pollution of the Krasnodar Territory in order to evaluate statistical data, identify trends in pollution changes in the field of observation and the possibility of forecasting. As a result of the conducted research, certain shortcomings were identified in the presentation of information on soil contamination with pesticides in the Krasnodar Territory, the trend of changes in soil contamination with pesticides was revealed and a forecast was made for some substances.
The impact of mineral extraction on the effective development of the territory
Authors: Ermakova A M
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the extraction of minerals in the Tyumen region. The most important and significant minerals for the region are described. The author identifies certain problems that may hinder the development of the industry in the future. To solve these problems, it is proposed to carry out the necessary measures that will allow creating a hightech, competitive, sustainable and balanced use of minerals, which will lead to the effective development of the territory.