bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal evolution of mechanical stimuli from vascular remodeling in response to the severity and duration of aortic coarctation in a preclinical model
Authors: Azarnoosh Jamasp , Ghorbannia Arash , Ibrahim El-Sayed H. , Jurkiewicz Hilda , Kalvin Lindsey , LaDisa John F.
Published: May 2023

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular diseases. CoA patients frequently undergo surgical repair, but hypertension (HTN) is still common. The current treatment guideline has revealed irreversible changes in structure and function, yet revised severity guidelines have not been proposed. Our objective was to quantify temporal alterations in mechanical stimuli and changes in arterial geometry in response to the range of CoA severities and durations (i.e. age of treatment) seen clinically. Rabbits were exposed to CoA resulting in peak-to-peak blood pressure gradient (BPGpp) severities of ≤ 10, 10–20, and ≥ 20 mmHg for a duration of ~ 1, 3, or 20 weeks using permanent, dissolvable, and rapidly dissolvable sutures. Elastic moduli and thickness were estimated from imaging and longitudinal fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations were conducted at different ages using geometries and boundary conditions from experimentally measured data. Mechanical stimuli were characterized including blood flow velocity patterns, wall tension, and radial strain. Experimental results show vascular alternations including thickening and stiffening proximal to the coarctation with increasing severity and/or duration of CoA. FSI simulations indicate wall tension in the proximal region increases markedly with coarctation severity. Importantly, even mild CoA induced stimuli for remodeling that exceeds values seen in adulthood if not treated early and using a BPGpp lower than the current clinical threshold. The findings are aligned with observations from other species and provide some guidance for the values of mechanical stimuli that could be used to predict the likelihood of HTN in human patients with CoA.
PCr/ATP ratios and mitochondrial function in the heart. A comparative study in humans
Authors: de Wit-Verheggen Vera H. W. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Brouwers Kim , Jörgensen Johanna A. , Schaart Gert , Gemmink Anne , Nascimento Emmani B. M. , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Segers Patrique , Montaigne David , Staels Bart , Schrauwen Patrick , Lindeboom Lucas , Hoeks Joris , van de Weijer Tineke
Published: May 2023

Cardiac energy status, measured as phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio with 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in vivo, is a prognostic factor in heart failure and is lowered in cardiometabolic disease. It has been suggested that, as oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to ATP synthesis, PCr/ATP ratio might be a reflection of cardiac mitochondrial function. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PCr/ATP ratios can be used as in vivo marker for cardiac mitochondrial function. We enrolled thirty-eight patients scheduled for open-heart surgery in this study. Cardiac 31P-MRS was performed before surgery. Tissue from the right atrial appendage was obtained during surgery for high-resolution respirometry for the assessment of mitochondrial function. There was no correlation between the PCr/ATP ratio and ADP-stimulated respiration rates (octanoylcarnitine R2 < 0.005, p = 0.74; pyruvate R2 < 0.025, p = 0.41) nor with maximally uncoupled respiration (octanoylcarnitine R2 = 0.005, p = 0.71; pyruvate R2 = 0.040, p = 0.26). PCr/ATP ratio did correlate with indexed LV end systolic mass. As no direct correlation between cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP) and mitochondrial function in the heart was found, the study suggests that mitochondrial function might not the only determinant of cardiac energy status. Interpretation should be done in the right context in cardiac metabolic studies.
Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ΨUSA300 among Japanese people with HIV, resulted from stepwise mutations in 2010s
Authors: Shinohara Koh , Uehara Yuki , Teruya Katsuji , Sasaki Takashi , Baba Tadashi , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Kananizadeh Pegah , Morimoto Yuh , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Oka Shinichi
Published: May 2023

Although infection with the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone USA300 is extremely rare in Japan, the uniquely evolved clone ΨUSA300 has been reported in Japan. An outbreak of a distinct USA300 clone was recently reported in an HIV/AIDS referral hospital in Tokyo. The present study investigated the evolutionary origin and genetic diversity of USA300-related clones causing regional outbreaks among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Tokyo. MRSA isolates collected from PLWHIV in an HIV/AIDS referral center in Tokyo were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and their genetic features were compared with those of previously described USA300 MRSA genomes. Of the 28 MRSAs isolated in 2016–2019, 23 (82.1%) were identified as USA300, with 22 (95.6%) of the latter identified as ΨUSA300. Although the genomic structure of ΨUSA300 was identical to the structures of reference USA300 strains, one clade (cluster A) was found to have acquired 29 previously identified lineage-specific mutations in a stepwise manner. The estimated divergence dates of ΨUSA300 and Cluster A were 2009 and 2012, respectively. These findings suggested that the ΨUSA300 clone had spread among PLWHIVs in Tokyo in the early 2010s, with stepwise acquisition of lineage-specific nonsynonymous mutations.
Establishment of a novel model of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer by transplanting uterine tissue from Arid1a/Pten knockout mice
Authors: Ono Motoki , Miyamoto Tsutomu , Asaka Ryoichi , Uchikawa Junko , Ando Hirofumi , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Shinagawa Manaka , Yokokawa Yusuke , Asaka Shiho , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Shiozawa Tanri
Published: May 2023

Although endometriosis is primarily benign, it has been identified as a risk factor for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Genetic alterations in ARID1A, PTEN, and PIK3CA have been reported in EAOC; however, an appropriate EAOC animal model has yet to be established. Therefore, the present study aimed to create an EAOC mouse model by transplanting uterine pieces from donor mice, in which Arid1a and/or Pten was conditionally knocked out (KO) in Pax8-expressing endometrial cells by the administration of doxycycline (DOX), onto the ovarian surface or peritoneum of recipient mice. Two weeks after transplantation, gene KO was induced by DOX and endometriotic lesions were thereafter removed. The induction of only Arid1a KO did not cause any histological changes in the endometriotic cysts of recipients. In contrast, the induction of only Pten KO evoked a stratified architecture and nuclear atypia in the epithelial lining of all endometriotic cysts, histologically corresponding to atypical endometriosis. The induction of Arid1a; Pten double-KO evoked papillary and cribriform structures with nuclear atypia in the lining of 42 and 50% of peritoneal and ovarian endometriotic cysts, respectively, which were histologically similar to EAOC. These results indicate that this mouse model is useful for investigating the mechanisms underlying the development of EAOC and the related microenvironment.
Research on the isolation and identification of black spot disease of Rosa chinensis in Kunming, China
Authors: Li Yanjie , Pu Meiying , Cui Yusi , Gu Ju , Chen Xi , Wang Louqin , Wu Hongzhi , Yang Yuyong , Wang Chao
Published: May 2023

Through a survey of rose diseases in the South Tropical Garden in Kunming, China, it was found that black spot was the most common and serious disease of rose cultivated in the open air there, with an incidence of more than 90%. In this study, fungus isolation was performed on leaf samples of five black spot susceptible varieties of rose from the South Tropical Garden by tissue isolation. 18 strains of fungus were initially obtained, and seven of them were finally identified to cause black spot symptoms on healthy leaves of rose after verification by Koch's rule. By observing the morphology of colonies and spores, and constructing a phylogenetic tree by combining molecular biology and multiple genes, two pathogenic fungus were identified, namely, Alternariaalternata and Gnomoniopsisrosae.G.rosae was the first pathogenic fungi of rose black spot isolated and identified in this study. The results of this study can provide a reference base for further research and control of the black spot disease of rose in Kunming.
Bacteriophage-loaded functional nanofibers for treatment of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus wound infections
Authors: Kielholz Tobias , Rohde Felix , Jung Nathalie , Windbergs Maike
Published: May 2023

The increasing incidence of infected skin wounds poses a major challenge in clinical practice, especially when conventional antibiotic therapy fails. In this context, bacteriophages emerged as promising alternatives for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, clinical implementation remains hampered by the lack of efficient delivery approaches to infected wound tissue. In this study, bacteriophage-loaded electrospun fiber mats were successfully developed as next-generation wound dressings for the treatment of infected wounds. We employed a coaxial electrospinning approach, creating fibers with a protective polymer shell, enveloping bacteriophages in the core while maintaining their antimicrobial activity. The novel fibers exhibited a reproducible fiber diameter range and morphology, while the mechanical fiber properties were ideal for application onto wounds. Further, immediate release kinetics for the phages were confirmed as well as the biocompatibility of the fibers with human skin cells. Antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the core/shell formulation maintained the bacteriophage activity for 4 weeks when stored at − 20 °C. Based on these promising characteristics, our approach holds great potential as a platform technology for the encapsulation of bioactive bacteriophages to enable the translation of phage therapy into clinical application.
PhaeoEpiView: an epigenome browser of the newly assembled genome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Wu Yue , Chaumier Timothée , Manirakiza Eric , Veluchamy Alaguraj , Tirichine Leila
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies particularly long-read sequencing, greatly improved genomes assembly. However, this has created discrepancies between published annotations and epigenome tracks, which have not been updated to keep pace with the new assemblies. Here, we used the latest improved telomere-to-telomere assembly of the model pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to lift over the gene models from Phatr3, a previously annotated reference genome. We used the lifted genes annotation and newly published transposable elements to map the epigenome landscape, namely DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. This provides the community with PhaeoEpiView, a browser that allows the visualization of epigenome data and transcripts on an updated and contiguous reference genome, to better understand the biological significance of the mapped data. We updated previously published histone marks with a more accurate peak calling using mono instead of poly(clonal) antibodies and deeper sequencing. PhaeoEpiView (https://PhaeoEpiView.univ-nantes.fr) will be continuously updated with the newly published epigenomic data, making it the largest and richest epigenome browser of any stramenopile. In the upcoming era of molecular environmental studies, where epigenetics plays a significant role, we anticipate that PhaeoEpiView will become a widely used tool.
Predictors of postoperative pain six months after breast surgery
Authors: J. Ghadimi Delaram , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Akbari Atieh
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer, with a high prevalence and survival rate, leads to long-term complications. A major sequel is acute or chronic postoperative pain, and we investigated the possible relationship with clinical and psychological variables. Patients undergoing breast surgery filled out the loneliness (ULS-8) and depression (HADS) questionnaires. Patients rated their pain intensity with the Numerical Rating Scale (0–10, NRS) two days, seven days, and six months after surgery. Of 124 patients, the mean age was 45.86 years old, and the pain scores on the second and seventh postoperative days were 5.33 and 3.57, respectively. Sixth-month pain was significantly correlated with the acute scores with a mean of 3.27; and in the multivariate analysis, it was significantly associated with preoperative pain (p-value = 0.007), self-reported loneliness (p-value = 0.010), and adjuvant radiotherapy (p-value = 0.004). In conclusion, loneliness may be a risk factor for postoperative pain in breast surgery.
Spermidine improves angiogenic capacity of senescent endothelial cells, and enhances ischemia-induced neovascularization in aged mice
Authors: Ueno Daisuke , Ikeda Koji , Yamazaki Ekura , Katayama Akiko , Urata Ryota , Matoba Satoaki
Published: May 2023

Aging is closely associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of ischemic cardiovascular disease, at least partially through impaired angiogenic capacity. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis, and their angiogenic capacity declines during aging. Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine, and its dietary supplementation has exhibited distinct anti-aging and healthy lifespan-extending effects in various species such as yeast, worms, flies, and mice. Here, we explore the effects of spermidine supplementation on the age-related decline in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Intracellular polyamine contents were reduced in replicative senescent ECs, which were subsequently recovered by spermidine supplementation. Our findings reveal that spermidine supplementation improved the declined angiogenic capacity of senescent ECs, including migration and tube-formation, without affecting the senescence phenotypes. Mechanistically, spermidine enhanced both autophagy and mitophagy, and improved mitochondrial quality in senescent ECs. Ischemia-induced neovascularization was assessed using the hind-limb ischemia model in mice. Limb blood flow recovery and neovascularization in the ischemic muscle were considerably impaired in aged mice compared to young ones. Of note, dietary spermidine significantly enhanced ischemia-induced angiogenesis, and improved the blood flow recovery in the ischemic limb, especially in aged mice. Our results reveal novel proangiogenic functions of spermidine, suggesting its therapeutic potential against ischemic disease.
Single-cell transcriptional profiling of hearts during cardiac hypertrophy reveals the role of MAMs in cardiomyocyte subtype switching
Authors: Luan Yi , Guo Guangyu , Luan Ying , Yang Yang , Yuan Ruixia
Published: May 2023

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is the main predecessor of heart failure. Its pathology is sophisticated, and its progression is associated with multiple cellular processes. To explore new therapeutic approaches, more precise examination of cardiomyocyte subtypes and involved biological processes is required in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are two crucial organelles associated with the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and are connected through junctions known as mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs). Although MAM genes are altered in cardiac hypertrophy, the importance of MAMs in cardiac hypertrophy and the expression pattern of MAMs in certain cardiac cell types require a comprehensive analysis. In this study, we analyzed the temporal expression of MAM proteins in the process of cardiac hypertrophy and observed that MAM-related proteins preferentially accumulated in cardiomyocytes at the initial stage of cardiac hypertrophy and underwent a gradual decline, which was synchronized with the proportion of two cardiomyocyte subtypes (CM2 and CM3). Meanwhile, these subtypes went through a functional switch during cardiac hypertrophy. Trajectory analysis suggested that there was a differentiation trajectory of cardiomyocyte subtypes from high to low MAM protein expression. Distinct regulon modules across different cardiomyocyte cell types were revealed by transcriptional regulatory network analysis. Furthermore, scWGCNA revealed that MAM-related genes were clustered into a module that correlated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Altogether, we identified cardiomyocyte subtype transformation and the potential critical transcription factors involved, which may serve as therapeutic targets in combating cardiac hypertrophy.
An automated image-based workflow for detecting megabenthic fauna in optical images with examples from the Clarion–Clipperton Zone
Authors: Mbani Benson , Buck Valentin , Greinert Jens
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in optical underwater imaging technologies enable the acquisition of huge numbers of high-resolution seafloor images during scientific expeditions. While these images contain valuable information for non-invasive monitoring of megabenthic fauna, flora and the marine ecosystem, traditional labor-intensive manual approaches for analyzing them are neither feasible nor scalable. Therefore, machine learning has been proposed as a solution, but training the respective models still requires substantial manual annotation. Here, we present an automated image-based workflow for Megabenthic Fauna Detection with Faster R-CNN (FaunD-Fast). The workflow significantly reduces the required annotation effort by automating the detection of anomalous superpixels, which are regions in underwater images that have unusual properties relative to the background seafloor. The bounding box coordinates of the detected anomalous superpixels are proposed as a set of weak annotations, which are then assigned semantic morphotype labels and used to train a Faster R-CNN object detection model. We applied this workflow to example underwater images recorded during cruise SO268 to the German and Belgian contract areas for Manganese-nodule exploration, within the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ). A performance assessment of our FaunD-Fast model showed a mean average precision of 78.1% at an intersection-over-union threshold of 0.5, which is on a par with competing models that use costly-to-acquire annotations. In more detail, the analysis of the megafauna detection results revealed that ophiuroids and xenophyophores were among the most abundant morphotypes, accounting for 62% of all the detections within the surveyed area. Investigating the regional differences between the two contract areas further revealed that both megafaunal abundance and diversity was higher in the shallower German area, which might be explainable by the higher food availability in form of sinking organic material that decreases from east-to-west across the CCZ. Since these findings are consistent with studies based on conventional image-based methods, we conclude that our automated workflow significantly reduces the required human effort, while still providing accurate estimates of megafaunal abundance and their spatial distribution. The workflow is thus useful for a quick but objective generation of baseline information to enable monitoring of remote benthic ecosystems.
Extensive cytokine biomarker analysis in serum of Guillain-Barré syndrome patients
Authors: Li Xiaocong , Yang Liping , Wang Guowei , Yuan Yanping , Wei Na , Yang Wanqiu , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Zhenhai
Published: May 2023

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute idiopathic polyneuropathy which is related to infection and immune mechanism. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and treatment is limited. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify biomarkers of GBS serum and elucidate their involvement in the underlying pathogenesis of GBS that could help to treat GBS more accurately. Antibody array technology was used to detect the expression levels of 440 proteins in serum of 5 GBS group and 5 healthy control group. Sixty-seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by antibody array, among which FoLR1, Legumain, ErbB4, IL-1α, MIP-1α and IGF-2 were down-regulated, while 61 proteins were up-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most DEPs were associated with leukocytes, among which IL-1α, SDF-1b, B7-1, CD40, CTLA4, IL-9, MIP-1α and CD40L were in the center of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, the ability of these DEPs to distinguish GBS from healthy control was further evaluated. CD23 was identified by means of Random Forests Analysis (RFA) and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve result of CD23 respectively displayed that its sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.818, 0.800 and 0.824. We speculate that activation of leukocyte proliferation and migration in circulating blood might be associated with inflammatory recruitment of peripheral nerves, leading to the occurrence and development of GBS, but this conclusion still requires deeper confirmation. More importantly, central proteins may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GBS. In addition, we detected IL-1α, IL-9, and CD23 in the serum of GBS patients for the first time, which may be promising biomarkers for the treatment of GBS.
Exploring the effects of habituation and scent in first-person 360-degree videos on consumption behavior
Authors: Li Benjamin J. , Lee Hui Min
Published: May 2023

Although immersive virtual environments can influence food-related thoughts, emotions and behavior, the influence of repeated exposure to food cues in such environments has rarely been explored. This study seeks to understand if habituation, a decrease in one’s physiological and behavioral response that results from repeated simulation, can take place while repeatedly watching 360-degrees of food being consumed. The influence of scent as an olfactory cue is further explored, based on past research on embodied cognition. In Study One (n = 42), participants who viewed 30 repetitions of someone eating an M&M ate significantly fewer M&Ms than those who viewed three repetitions. Study Two (n = 114) used a 2 (behavior: eating M&M/inserting a coin) × 2 (repetitions: 3/30) between-subjects experiment to confirm that results from Study One were due to habituation of the consumption video, finding that there were only significant differences between repetitions in the M&M condition. Finally, Study Three (n = 161) comprised a 2 (repetition: 3/30) × 2 (scent: present/absent) between-subjects experiment. Participants in the 30-repetition condition and those in the scent-present condition ate significantly fewer M&Ms respectively, but no interaction effects were found. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Divergent effectiveness of irrigation in enhancing food security in droughts under future climates with various emission scenarios
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yu Huiqian , Li Jianfeng , Clothier Brent , Singh Vijay P. , Shen Zexi
Published: May 2023

Food security is a key target in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is also one of the biggest challenges for China, the largest developing country in population in the world. Massive attention has been directed to the future impacts of hydrometeorological extremes on crop yield. However, knowledge gaps still stand concerning the effectiveness of irrigation, as the largest water consumption sector, on agricultural production under different climate scenarios. Here we showed the drought based on the modified Palmer Drought Severity Index and analyzed the drought-induced wheat yield losses in irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture across China according to three methods including the Multiple Linear Regression method, Deep Learning algorithm, and Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator model. We found that the droughts become more intensive in the future, and drought-induced wheat yield loss under RCP8.5 scenario was expected to reach 32–49%. Intercomparison of drought-induced wheat yield changes between irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture indicated significantly less drought-induced crop-yield losses given sufficient irrigation under the RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 scenarios. However, our results under RCP8.5 suggested that the effectiveness of irrigation in enhancing food security is minor under this high-emission future climate scenario. These findings allowed us to revisit the effectiveness of irrigation in a warming climate and highlighted the importance of climate change mitigation in food security.
Synergistic combination of information from ground observations, geostationary satellite, and air quality modeling towards improved PM2.5 predictability
Authors: Yu Jinhyeok , Song Chul H. , Lee Dogyeong , Lee Sojin , Kim Hyun S. , Han Kyung M. , Park Seohui , Im Jungho , Park Soon-Young , Jeon Moongu , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Saide Pablo E. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Kim Jeeho , Kim Jhoon , Song Chang-Keun , Woo Jung-Hun , Ryu Seong-Hyun
Published: May 2023

Concentrations of ambient particulate matter (such as PM2.5 and PM10) have come to represent a serious environmental problem worldwide, causing many deaths and economic losses. Because of the detrimental effects of PM2.5 on human health, many countries and international organizations have developed and operated regional and global short-term PM2.5 prediction systems. The short-term predictability of PM2.5 (and PM10) is determined by two main factors: the performance of the air quality model and the precision of the initial states. While specifically focusing on the latter factor, this study attempts to demonstrate how information from classical ground observation networks, a state-of-the-art geostationary (GEO) satellite sensor, and an advanced air quality modeling system can be synergistically combined to improve short-term PM2.5 predictability over South Korea. Such a synergistic combination of information can effectively overcome the major obstacle of scarcity of information, which frequently occurs in PM2.5 prediction systems using low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-borne observations. This study first presents that the scarcity of information is mainly associated with cloud masking, sun-glint effect, and ill-location of satellite-borne data, and it then demonstrates that an advanced air quality modeling system equipped with synergistically-combined information can achieve substantially improved performances, producing enhancements of approximately 10%, 19%, 29%, and 10% in the predictability of PM2.5 over South Korea in terms of index of agreement (IOA), correlation coefficient (R), mean biases (MB), and hit rate (HR), respectively, compared to PM2.5 prediction systems using only LEO satellite-derived observations.
A randomized controlled trial of postoperative rehabilitation using digital healthcare system after rotator cuff repair
Authors: Shim Ga Yang , Kim Eun Hye , Baek Yun Jeong , Chang Won Kee , Kim Bo Ram , Oh Joo Han , Lee Jong In , Hwang Ji Hye , Lim Jae-Young
Published: May 2023

A digital healthcare system based on augmented reality (AR) has promising uses for postoperative rehabilitation. We compare effectiveness of AR-based and conventional rehabilitation in patients after rotator cuff repair (RCR). This study randomly allocates 115 participants who underwent RCR to digital healthcare rehabilitation group (DR group) and conventional rehabilitation group (CR group). The DR group performs AR-based home exercises using UINCARE Home+, whereas the CR group performs brochure-based home exercises. The primary outcome is a change in the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score between baseline and 12 weeks postoperatively. The secondary outcomes are the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) score; EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ5D5L) questionnaire score; pain; range of motion (ROM); muscle strength; and handgrip strength. The outcomes are measured at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. The change in SST score between baseline and 12 weeks postoperatively is significantly greater in the DR group than in the CR group (p = 0.025). The SPADI, DASH, and EQ5D5L scores demonstrate group×time interactions (p = 0.001, = 0.04, and = 0.016, respectively). However, no significant differences over time are observed between the groups in terms of pain, ROM, muscle strength, and handgrip strength. The outcomes show significant improvement in both groups (all p < 0.001). No adverse events are reported during the interventions. AR-based rehabilitation shows better improvement in terms of shoulder function after RCR compared to conventional rehabilitation. Therefore, as an alternative to the conventional rehabilitation, the digital healthcare system is effective for postoperative rehabilitation.
Spin operator, Bell nonlocality and Tsirelson bound in quantum-gravity induced minimal-length quantum mechanics
Authors: Bosso Pasquale , Petruzziello Luciano , Wagner Fabian , Illuminati Fabrizio
Published: May 2023

Different approaches to quantum gravity converge in predicting the existence of a minimal scale of length. This raises the fundamental question as to whether and how an intrinsic limit to spatial resolution can affect quantum mechanical observables associated to internal degrees of freedom. We answer this question in general terms by showing that the spin operator acquires a momentum-dependent contribution in quantum mechanics equipped with a minimal length. Among other consequences, this modification induces a form of quantum nonlocality stronger than the one arising in ordinary quantum mechanics. In particular, we show that violations of the Bell inequality can exceed the maximum value allowed in ordinary quantum mechanics, the so-called Tsirelson bound, by a positive-valued function of the momentum operator. We introduce possible experimental settings based on neutron interferometry and quantum contextuality, and we provide preliminary estimates on the values of the physical parameters needed for actual laboratory implementations.
Tunable spin and conductance in porphyrin-graphene nanoribbon hybrids
Authors: Gao Fei , Menchón Rodrigo E. , Garcia-Lekue Aran , Brandbyge Mads
Published: May 2023

Recently, porphyrin units have been attached to graphene nanoribbons (Por-GNR) enabling a multitude of structures. Here we report first-principles calculations of two prototypical, experimentally feasible, Por-GNR hybrids, one of which displays a small band gap relevant as electrodes in devices. Embedding a Fe atom in the porphyrin causes spin-polarized ground state (S = 1). Using density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function, we examine a 2-terminal setup involving a Fe-Por-GNR between small band gap, Por-GNR electrodes. The coupling between the Fe-d and GNR band states results in a Fano anti-resonance feature in the spin transport, making the conductance highly sensitive to the Fe spin state. We demonstrate how mechanical strain or chemical adsorption on the Fe give rise to spin-crossover to S = 2 and S = 0, directly reflected in the transmission. Our results provide a deep understanding which can open an avenue for carbon-based spintronics and chemical sensing.
Geometrical control of topological charge transfer in Shakti-Cairo colloidal ice
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallo Carolina , Ortiz-Ambriz Antonio , Nisoli Cristiano , Tierno Pietro
Published: May 2023

Lattice transformations that preserve the system topology, but not its geometry, are common in condensed matter systems. However, how geometric constrains influence the topological properties of the lattices is still unclear. Here we show that a geometric transformation between two mixed coordination lattices, from Shakti to Cairo in an artificial colloidal ice, leads to a breakdown of the ice rule in all but one specific geometry. We observe a transfer of topological charge among sublattices which can be controlled in sign and intensity, vanishing at the ice-rule point. These unusual topological effects are absent in magnetic spin ices and they are due to collective, non-local geometric frustration in the particle ice. By merging numerical simulations, theory and experiments, we demonstrate how the charge transfer occurs in the Cairo geometry. The broader implication of our results is that we demonstrate how geometric constraints can control the topological properties of a mesoscopic colloidal system.
Bio-inspired selective nodal decoupling for ultra-compliant interwoven lattices
Authors: Mistry Yash , Weeger Oliver , Morankar Swapnil , Shinde Mandar , Liu Siying , Chawla Nikhilesh , Chen Xiangfan , Penick Clint A. , Bhate Dhruv
Published: May 2023

Architected materials such as lattices are capable of demonstrating extraordinary mechanical performance. Lattices are often used for their stretch-dominated behavior, which gives them a high degree of stiffness at low-volume fractions. At the other end of the stiffness spectrum, bending-dominated lattices tend to be more compliant and are of interest for their energy absorption performance. Here, we report a class of ultra-compliant interwoven lattices that demonstrate up to an order of magnitude improvement in compliance over their traditional counterparts at similar volume fractions. This is achieved by selectively decoupling nodes and interweaving struts in bending-dominated lattices, inspired by observations of this structural principle in the lattice-like arrangement of the Venus flower basket sea sponge. By decoupling nodes in this manner, we demonstrate a simple and near-universal design strategy for modulating stiffness in lattice structures and achieve among the most compliant lattices reported in the literature.
Gliding tremors associated with the 26 second microseism in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Bruland Charlotte , Hadziioannou Celine
Published: May 2023

A location in the Gulf of Guinea, which emits monochromatic seismic waves at 26-second period, seemingly continuously, was identified in the 1960s. However, the origin of these seismic waves remains enigmatic to date. Here we use three-component data from two seismic arrays in Africa, as well as additional seismic data compiled from around the world, to investigate the tremors. We identify frequency glides accompanying the previously known 26 s microseism which start at the same frequency and originate in the same, fixed location in the Gulf of Guinea. The stable characteristics of the tremors, their low frequency range, the implied large spatial scale, and the decades-long timescales where this phenomenon seems to have been active, all point towards a gap in our understanding of long period oceanic and volcanic signals. Since tremor is an important tool to monitor volcanoes, understanding this phenomenon may affect future forecasting of volcanic activity.
Bifunctional chimera for ligand-directed photo-degradation of oncogenic microRNA
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Jin , Wang Yan , Feng Yi , Li Jinbo , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2023

Targeted inhibition of oncogenic microRNAs provides a promising anti-cancer approach.
Exploring binding chemistry of alkali/alkaline earth cations in solution through modulation of intramolecular charge-transfer in an excited ambidentate organic fluorophore
Authors: Romero Angel H. , Gotopo Lourdes , Cabrera Gustavo , Cerecetto Hugo
Published: May 2023

Herein, we explored the binding chemistry in solution of alkaline and alkaline earth cations as a function of hardness, ionic radius and location in the Periodic Table of Elements, modulating the ICT of an excited ambidentate fluorophore.
Spin–orbit splitting and piezoelectric properties of Janus Ge2XY (X ≠ Y = P, As, Sb and Bi)
Authors: Liu Hui-Ying , Wang Yue-Yi , Chen Ze-Yan , Hou Ting-Ping , Wu Kai-Ming , Lin Heng-Fu
Published: May 2023

The structural, electronic, spin–orbit splitting and piezoelectric properties of monolayer Janus α-Ga2XY (X ≠ Y = P, As, Sb, and Bi) were systematically investigated.
Protein charge transfer spectra in a monomeric protein with no lysine
Authors: Alom Shah Ekramul , Swaminathan Rajaram
Published: May 2023

Photoinduced electron transfer and charge recombination involving Arg and Asp headgroups along with polypeptide backbone is depicted.
Lanthanide doped nanoparticles for reliable and precise luminescence nanothermometry in the third biological window
Authors: Soares Ana C. C. , Sales Tasso O. , Ximendes Erving C. , Jaque Daniel , Jacinto Carlos
Published: May 2023

The use of luminescent nanoparticles working in the third biological window opens the possibility of reliable and accurate sub-tissue thermal sensing.
Enhancing the accuracy of mid-infrared spectroscopy-based liver steatosis quantification using digital image analysis as a reference
Authors: Rienda Iván , Ten-Doménech Isabel , Moro Erika , Moreno-Torres Marta , Pérez-Rojas Judith , Pareja Eugenia , Pérez-Rubio Álvaro , Trullenque Ramón , Jover Ramiro , Lendl Bernhard , Pérez-Guaita David , Kuligowski Julia , Castell Jose V. , Quintás Guillermo
Published: May 2023

Combining digital images and IR data enhances ATR-FTIR models for liver fat quantification in clinical settings.
A study on the relationship between the crystallization characteristics of quenched droplets and the effect of cell cryopreservation with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhan Taijie , Niu Wenya , Cui Mengdong , Han Hengxin , Dang Hangyu , Guo Ning , Wang Ding , Hao Yan , Zang Chuanbao , Xu Yi , Guo Hanming
Published: May 2023

Raman spectroscopy is used to assess the degree of crystallization of quenched droplets to identify the causes of damage that occurs throughout the cell quenching cryopreservation process.
ROS conversion promotes the bactericidal efficiency of Eosin Y based photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fan Birong , Peng Wan , Zhang Yu , Liu Pingsheng , Shen Jian
Published: May 2023

ROS conversion can increase the bactericidal efficiency (against S. aureus) of an Eosin Y based PDT system from 37.9% to 99.9%, elevate the inactivation efficiency of MRSA from 26.9% to 99.4%, and enhance the eradication rate of MRSA biofilm from 69% to 90%.
Long-term heat-storage materials based on λ-Ti3O5for green transformation (GX)
Authors: Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Yoshikiyo Marie , MacDougall Jessica , Ikeda Yusuke , Tokoro Hiroko
Published: May 2023

Effective reuse of waste heat energy is an important energy savings issue for green transformation.
Plasmonic nanomaterials for solar-driven photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Qingzhe , Zuo Zhihong , Ma Dongling
Published: May 2023

To delineate the state-of-the-art, we provide a critical assessment of the recent works by our and other groups concerning plasmonic photocatalysis, which is expected to guide future research in plasmon-enhanced value-added chemical transformations.
Plasma-spray-enabled microcosmic explosion to construct Ni mesh-based electrodes for water splitting
Authors: Xue Min , Guo Yanling , Ye Changqing , Pan Zhongqin , Huo Xiao-Lei , Zhou Qingwen
Published: May 2023

We have induced a microcosmic explosion on the substrate surface by plasma-spraying to design an economical and efficient electrode for overall water splitting.
Carborane based chalcogen-fused phenazines for visible light induced ATRP
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Li Haishuang , Shao Dong , He Gang
Published: May 2023

A series of carborane derivatives (o-CB-DPE, E = O, S, Se) were synthesized through a combining of the σ characteristico-carborane and chalcogen-fused phenazines.
Numerical analysis of the dislocation density in n-type 4H-SiC
Authors: Lu Sheng'ou , Chen Hongyu , Hang Wei , Wang Rong , Yuan Julong , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Han Xuefeng
Published: May 2023

Effective stress! By comparing the calculation and experimental results, a possible value of effective stress to evaluate the effect of nitrogen dopant on dislocation density is proposed.
Experimental and theoretical study of resonant core-hole spectroscopies of gas-phase free-base phthalocyanine
Authors: de Moura C. E. V. , Laurent J. , Bozek J. , Briant M. , Çarçabal P. , Cubaynes D. , Shafizadeh N. , Simon M. , Soep B. , Püttner R. , Goldsztejn G.
Published: May 2023

Resonant Auger spectroscopy: a new insight on complex molecules.
The probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis through osteoimmunological signaling
Authors: Tsai Wan-Hua , Lin Wen-Chuan , Chou Chia-Hsuan , Yang Li-Chan
Published: May 2023

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and bone tissue microarchitectural deterioration with increased fracture risk in numerous populations. A probiotic with IL-10 secretion property could be applied in anti-osteoporosis.
Cu-Based ternary deep eutectic solvents for homo- and cross-coupling reactions of terminal alkynes
Authors: Lu Weixu , Yu Xiaoqiang , Bao Ming
Published: May 2023

The Cu-DES-promoted Glaser-type homo- and cross-coupling of terminal alkynes under exogenous-ligand-free, base-free, and additive-free conditions is described.
Facile synthesis of a fluorescent probe based on a terbium-based metal–organic framework for selective detection of Fe(iii) and Al(iii)
Authors: Jing Xuequan , Liu Jiaming , Guo Meina , Chen Guoliang , Ren Guoqing , Li Jiarong , Qin Haonan , Yao Zhangwei , Wan Yinhua , Song Weijie , Zeng Huifeng , Yang Feifei , Zhao Da , Hu Kang
Published: May 2023

A kind of terbium-based metal–organic framework fluorescent probe (Tb-MOF) is facilely fabricated that displays ultra-high selective detection of Fe3+and Al3+.
Dy@D2(21)-C84: isolation and crystallographic characterization of a rare trivalent C84-based monometallofullerene
Authors: Shen Wangqiang , Lou Lei , Wei Yiao , Bao Lipiao , Xu Guangqing , Jin Peng , Lv Jun , Lu Xing
Published: May 2023

A rare trivalent C84-based monometallofullerene, namely, Dy@D2(21)-C84, has been successfully isolated and structurally elucidated.
Copper-catalyzed ring-opening sulfonylation of cyclopropanols via the insertion of sulfur dioxide toward the synthesis of γ-keto aryl sulfones
Authors: Shen Lin , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: May 2023

A copper-catalyzed three-component sulfonylation reaction is presented. This protocol provides easy and straightforward access to structurally diverse γ-keto aryl sulfones with good yields, mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and good functional group tolerance.
Aza-Wolff rearrangement ofN-fluoroalkyl triazoles to ketenimines
Authors: Kubíčková Anna , Markos Athanasios , Voltrová Svatava , Marková Anežka , Filgas Josef , Klepetářová Blanka , Slavíček Petr , Beier Petr
Published: May 2023

N-Fluoroalkylated 1,2,3-triazoles underwent a microwave-heating-assisted ring opening, nitrogen molecule elimination and concomitant group rearrangement to form isolableN-fluoroalkylketenimines.
Tailoring the interfacial surfaces of tungsten and molybdenum tungsten disulfide electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Alzaid Meshal , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Alqahtani Bandar , Alanazi Rakan , Alsohaimi Ibrahim Hotan , Mohamed W. S. , Hadia N. M. A.
Published: May 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenide and activated carbon-based hybrid supercapacitor.
Preparation of a phenylboronic acid and aldehyde bi-functional group modified silica absorbent and applications in removing Cr(vi) and reducing to Cr(iii)
Authors: Song Qianyi , Cheng Mengqi , Liu Hongxu , Jia Haijiao , Nan Yaqin , Zheng Wenqing , Li Youxin , Bao James J.
Published: May 2023

Cr(vi) is a great threat to the ecological environment and human health, so it is urgent to remove Cr(vi) from the environment.
Sources, distribution, and environmental effects of microplastics: a systematic review
Authors: Li Wang , Zu Bo , Yang Qingwei , Guo Juncheng , Li Jiawen
Published: May 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are receiving increasing attention from researchers.
Porous silicon decorated with Au/TiO2 nanocomposites for efficient photoinduced enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Sheng-Yang , Gao Wei-Ning , Chou Chia-Man , Hsiao Vincent K. S.
Published: May 2023

The potential of porous silicon (PSi) modified with Au/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCPs) as a substrate for photoinduced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PIERS).
Crystalline organic thin films for crystalline OLEDs (II): weak epitaxy growth of phenanthroimidazole derivatives
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhu Feng , Yan Donghang
Published: May 2023

Study on morphology, structure and weak epitaxy growth behavior of 2FPPICz crystalline thin films provides an important basis for obtaining high-performance crystalline OLEDs.
Bayesian machine learning optimization of microneedle design for biological fluid sampling
Authors: Tarar Ceren , Aydın Erdal , Yetisen Ali K. , Tasoglu Savas
Published: May 2023

The deployment of microneedles in biological fluid sampling and drug delivery is an emerging field in biotechnology, which contributes greatly to minimally-invasive methods in medicine.
Photoelectroactive metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Cong Cong , Ma Huaibo
Published: May 2023

Photoelectroactive metal–organic frameworks for applications in photocatalysis and photovoltaics are appealing and fast-developing due to their high-performance photoelectronic behaviors when irradiated with light.
Thiophene-based organic dye with large Stokes shift and deep red emission for live cell NAD(P)H detection under varying chemical stimuli
Authors: Dwivedi Sushil K. , Arachchige Dilka Liyana , Olowolagba Adenike , Mahmoud Mohamed , Cunnien Jenna , Tucker Daniel R. , Fritz Delaney , Werner Thomas , Luck Rudy L. , Liu Haiying
Published: May 2023

We report a novel method for synthesizing red and deep red cyanine-based molecular probes with large Stokes shifts for live cell NAD(P)H detection.
Bioimaging of glutathione variation for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using a liver-targeting ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe
Authors: Han Xiaoyue , Xing Yanlong , Song Xinyu , Dou Kun , Yu Fabiao , Chen Lingxin
Published: May 2023

We report a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probeCyO-Disufor the selective detection of GSH variation in living cells and mice models of Hepatocellular carcinoma.CyO-Disucan serve as a promising chemical tool for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer.
An epidemic model for the investigation of multi‐malware attack in wireless sensor network
Authors: Awasthi Shashank , Srivastava Pramod Kumar , Kumar Naresh , Ojha Rudra Pratap , Pandey Purnendu Shekhar , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Jain Rituraj , Bakare Yohannes Bekuma
Published: May 2023

The protection of wireless sensor networks (WSN) against malware attacks is crucial. The paper discusses the issue of malware attacks in WSN, which are commonly used for monitoring and surveillance in various applications. Due to resource constraints, sensor nodes in WSN are vulnerable to malware attacks, which can spread rapidly and paralyze the network. The development of new technologies such as IoT, Industry 4.0 has increased the importance of WSN, and it has become essential to address the challenges posed by the resource‐constrained nature of sensor nodes and security concerns. In this paper, a model is considered with two exposed states to investigate the behaviour of malware spreading in WSN, and a SE1E2IR (Susceptible—Exposed State 1 ‐ Exposed State 2 ‐ Infectious—Recovered) model is proposed. The model is formulated as a system of differential equations, and its equilibrium and stability are examined. The basic reproduction number (R0) is also calculated as a key parameter that characterizes the spread of malware in the network. This parameter helps to identify the conditions under which the network will remain malware‐free or when it will experience an outbreak of malware. The proposed model provides a mechanism for the earlier detection of malware occurrences in WSN, and also discusses the effect of connectivity and coverages on the propagation of malware in the network. The paper also includes a comparative study of the proposed model with existing models; extensive theoretical study and computation analysis are performed to validate the proposed model.