bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Synthesis of Pyrrolobenzo[b]thieno[1,4]diazepines.
Authors: El‐Kashef Hussein , Rathelot Pascal , Vanelle Patrice , Rault Sylvain
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Modular and Flexible Approach to [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Cabrera Jose , Pastor Aurelia , Villalgordo Jose M.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azomacrocyclic Derivatives of Imidazole: Synthesis, Structure, and Metal Ion Complexation Properties.
Authors: Wagner‐Wysiecka Ewa , Jamrogiewicz Marzena , Fonari Marina S. , Biernat J. F.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Multiply Substituted Alkylidene Silacyclohexadiene Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion of Alkynes into Alkylidene Silacyclobutenes.
Authors: Liu Junhui , Sun Xiaohua , Miyazaki Mikihiro , Liu Lantao , Wang Congyang , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkylation of H‐Phosphinate Esters under Basic Conditions.
Authors: Abrunhosa‐Thomas Isabelle , Sellers Claire E. , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed anti‐Hydrophosphination Reaction of 1‐Alkynylphosphines with Diphenylphosphine Providing (Z)‐1,2‐Diphosphino‐1‐alkenes.
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Access to Optically Active Ferrocenyl Derivatives with Direct Substitution of the Hydroxy Group Catalyzed by Indium Tribromide.
Authors: Vicennati Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Unusual Natural Pigment from Selaginella sinensis and Its Noticeable Physicochemical Properties.
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ping , Liang Yong‐Min , Wei Xiu‐Cheng , Cheng Dong‐Liang
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild TiIII‐ and Mn/ZrIV‐Catalytic Reductive Coupling of Allylic Halides: Efficient Synthesis of Symmetric Terpenes.
Authors: Barrero Alejandro F. , Herrador M. Mar , Quilez del Moral Jose F. , Arteaga Pilar , Arteaga Jesus F. , Dieguez Horacio R. , Sanchez Elena M.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis and in vitro Pharmacological Activity of 2‐Thioanalogues of Salvinorins A and B.
Authors: Bikbulatov Ruslan V. , Yan Feng , Roth Bryan L. , Zjawiony Jordan K.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three New Diterpenoids, Tricalysiolide H and Tricalysiones A and B, from Tricalysia dubia.
Authors: Nishimura Koichi , Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Sakakura Kei‐ichi , Fujita Kazuya , Tachihara Shigeki , Fukaya Haruhiko , Aoyagi Yutaka , Hasuda Tomoyo , Kinoshita Takeshi , Takeya Koichi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methyl Spongoate, a Cytotoxic Steroid from the Sanya Soft Coral Spongodes sp.
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Hong , Lin Li‐Ping , Ding Jian , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Belactosin C (I) and Derivatives via Double Diastereoselective Tandem Mukaiyama Aldol Lactonizations.
Authors: Cho Sung Wook , Romo Daniel
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Phytosphingosine Using Olefin Cross‐Metathesis: A Convenient Access to Chain‐Modified Phytosphingosine from D‐Lyxose.
Authors: Chang Chi‐We , Chen Yeng‐Nan , Adak Avijit Kumar , Lin Kun‐Hsien , Tzou Der‐Lii M. , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 5‐Aza‐ellipticine Derivatives.
Authors: Moody Deborah L. , Dyba Marcin , Kosakowska‐Cholody Teresa , Tarasova Nadya I. , Michejda Christopher J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ether‐Directed, Stereoselective Aza‐Claisen Rearrangements: Synthesis of the Piperidine Alkaloid, α‐Conhydrine (I).
Authors: Jamieson Andrew G. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Syntheses of 2,2′‐epi‐Cytoskyrin A (Ia), Rugulosin (Ib), and the Alleged Structure (II) of Rugulin.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Lim Yee Hwee , Piper Jared L. , Papageorgiou Charles D.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Neosymbioimine (I).
Authors: Varseev Georgy N. , Maier Martin E.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Gymnorrhizol, an Unprecedented 15‐Membered Macrocyclic Polydisulfide from the Chinese Mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.
Authors: Gong Jing‐Xu , Shen Xu , Yao Li‐Gong , Jiang Hualiang , Krohn Karsten , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Newer Tetracycline Derivatives: Synthesis, anti‐HIV, Antimycobacterial Activities and Inhibition of HIV‐1 Integrase.
Authors: Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Senchani Geetha , Banerjee Debjani
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Total Synthesis of Spirotenuipesines A and B.
Authors: Dai Mingji , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Ramberg—Baecklund Route to the Stilbenoid Anticancer Agents Combretastatin A‐4 and DMU‐212.
Authors: Robinson James E. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Elucidation and Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Potent HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor FR901512 (I) via Catalytic Asymmetric Nozaki—Hiyama Reactions.
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Nakada Masahisa
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formal Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Apicularen A by a Strategy Based on Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Transannular Cyclization.
Authors: Jung Young‐Hee , Kim Young‐Ju , Lee Jieun , Tae Jinsung
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Otteliones A and B: Use of a Cyclopropyl Group as Both a Steric Shield and a Vinyl Equivalent.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Liu Dazhan
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of an Immunomodulator (+)‐Conagenin (I) and Its Analogues.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Yoshimoto Yuya , Ishida Chisaki , Mabuchi Shunsuke
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Diospongin A.
Authors: Bates Roderick W. , Song Ping
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Cyercene A (I) and the Biomimetic Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐9,10‐Deoxytridachione (II) and (.+‐.)‐Ocellapyrone A.
Authors: Rodriguez Raphael , Adlington Robert M. , Eade Serena J. , Walter Magnus W. , Baldwin Jack E. , Moses John E.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Colloidal Unilamellar Layers of Tantalum Oxide with Open Channels.
Authors: Fukuda Katsutoshi , Nakai Izumi , Ebina Yasuo , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exchange Coupling and Its Applications in Magnetic Data Storage
Authors: Li Kebin , Wu Yihong , Guo Zaibing , Zheng Yuankai , Han Guchang , Qiu Jinjun , Luo Ping , An Lihua , Zhou Tiejun
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tunneling Magnetoresistive Heads for Magnetic Data Storage
Authors: Mao Sining
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Identification of Fermi‐Liquid Behavior in Simple Transition Metal Compounds
Authors: Pfleiderer Christian
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rare‐Earth Ferroborates R‐Fe3(BO3)4
Authors: Vasiliev A. N. , Popova E. A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Detonation‐Synthesis Nanodiamonds: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications
Authors: Dolmatov V. Yu
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Trend in the Physics of Magnetic Materials and Its Application
Authors: Tsushima Tachiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silver NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Penner Glenn H. , Liu Xiaolong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triple Bonds Between Transition Metals and the Heavier Elements of Groups 14 and 15
Authors: Balazs Gabor , Gregoriades Laurence J. , Scheer Manfred
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanodimensional Organostannoxane Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Gopal Kandasamy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structures and Biological Properties of the Chemical Constituents from the Genus Wedelia
Authors: Li Xing , Dong Mei , Liu Yong , Shi Qing‐Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polysulfides as Biologically Active Ingredients of Garlic
Authors: Muenchberg Ute , Anwar Awais , Mecklenburg Susanne , Jacob Claus
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation: Allyltrimethoxysilane as a Remarkable Reagent
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Wadamoto Manabu
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triazole: The Keystone in Glycosylated Molecular Architectures Constructed by a Click Reaction
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Corrole‐Based Applications
Authors: Aviv Iris , Gross Zeev
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phthalocyanines: Old Dyes, New Materials. Putting Color in Nanotechnology
Authors: de la Torre Gema , Claessens Christian G. , Torres Tomas
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Imidoylketenes
Authors: Kollenz G.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Locking Self‐Assembly: Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Thomas Jim A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanium‐Mediated Synthesis of Primary Cyclopropylamines from Nitriles and Grignard Reagents
Authors: Bertus Philippe , Szymoniak Jan
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanocrystalline Gold and Gold—Palladium as Effective Catalysts for Selective Oxidation
Authors: Edwards Jennifer , Landon Philip , Carley Albert F. , Herzing Andrew A. , Watanabe Masashi , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐Phase Catalysts: Novel Functionalized Silicas Offering New Synthetic Methods
Authors: Wilson John , Sullivan Alice
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Thiasteroids Chemistry
Authors: Ibrahim‐Ouali Malika , Santelli Maurice
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Occurrence, Biological Activities and Synthesis of Kaurane Diterpenes and Their Glycosides
Authors: Garcia Pablo Anselmo , Braga de Oliveira Alaide , Batista Ronan
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Natural Product Chemistry
Authors: Appukkuttan Prasad , Van der Eycken Erik
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymatic Hydroxylation of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Ullrich Rene , Hofrichter Martin
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel gem‐Difluorinated Cyclopropane Hybrids: Applications for Material and Medicinal Sciences
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular and Host—Guest Chemistry of Bisphenol and Analogues
Authors: Sarma Rupam J. , Baruah Jubaraj B.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Compounds Based on Hypervalent Sulfur Fluorides
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Roschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic in situ Generation of Trifluoroacetaldehyde from Its Hemiacetal and Successive Direct Aldol Reaction with Ketones
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Induced π‐Stacking in Acenes
Authors: Anthony John E.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pattern‐Based Peptide Recognition
Authors: Collins Byron E. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ten Years of a Biomimetic Approach to the Copper(II) Radical Site of Galactose Oxidase
Authors: Thomas Fabrice
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Janus Nature of Heme
Authors: Poulos Thomas L.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Surface‐Tethered Polymers to Influence Protein Adsorption and Microbial Adhesion
Authors: Norde Willem
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Ion Generation Processes of Organic Compounds in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vessecchi R. , Crotti A. E. M. , Guaratini T. , Colepicolo P. , Galembeck S. E. , Lopes N. P.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NMR Studies of Paramagnetic Metallocarbaporphyrinoids
Authors: Pacholska‐Dudziak Ewa , Latos‐Grazynski Lechoslaw
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorescent Hybridization Probes for Sensitive and Selective DNA and RNA Detection
Authors: Marti Angel A. , Jockusch Steffen , Stevens Nathan , Ju Jingyue , Turro Nicholas J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ion‐Selective Electrodes in Medicinal Drug Determination
Authors: Kharitonov S. V.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inhibition by ATP and activation by ADP in the regulation of flagellar movement in sea urchin sperm
Authors: Yoshimura Azumi , Nakano Izumi , Shingyoji Chikako
Published: August 2007

ATP and ADP are known to play inhibitory and activating roles, respectively, in the regulation of dynein motile activity of flagella. To elucidate how these nucleotide functions are related to the regulation of normal flagellar beating, we examined their effects on the motility of reactivated sea urchin sperm flagella at low pH. At pH 7.0–7.2 which is lower than the physiological pH of 8, about 90% of reactivated flagella were motionless at 1 mM ATP, while about 60% were motile at 0.02 mM ATP. The motionless flagella at 1 mM ATP maintained a single large bend or an S‐shaped bend, indicating formation of dynein crossbridges in the axoneme. The ATP‐dependent inhibition of flagellar movement was released by ADP, and was absent in outer arm‐depleted flagella. Similar inhibition was also observed at 0.02 mM ATP when demembranated flagella were reactivated in the presence of Li+ or pretreated with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). ADP also released this type of ATP‐inhibition. In PP1‐pretreated axonemes the binding of a fluorescent analogue of ADP to dynein decreased. Under elastase‐treatment at pH 8.0, the beating of demembranated flagella at 1 mM ATP and 0.02 mM ATP lasted for ∼100 and 45 s, respectively. The duration of beating at 0.02 mM ATP was prolonged by Li+, and that at 1 mM ATP was shortened by removal of outer arms. These results indicate that the regulation of on/off switching of dynein motile activity of flagella involves ATP‐induced inhibition and ADP‐induced activation, probably through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of outer arm‐linked protein(s). Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electric field‐induced polarization of charged cell surface proteins does not determine the direction of galvanotaxis
Authors: Finkelstein Erik I. , Chao Pen‐hsiu Grace , Hung Clark T. , Bulinski Jeannette Chloë
Published: August 2007

Galvanotaxis, that is, migration induced by DC electric fields, is thought to play a significant role in development and wound healing, however, the mechanisms by which extrinsic electric fields orchestrate intrinsic motility responses are unknown. Using mammalian cell lines (3T3, HeLa, and CHO cells), we tested one prevailing hypothesis, namely, that electric fields polarize charged cell surface molecules, and that these polarized molecules drive directional motility. Negatively charged sialic acids, which contribute the bulk of cell surface charge, redistribute preferentially to the surface facing the direction of motility, as measured by labeling with fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin. We treated cells with neuraminidase to remove sialic acids; as expected, this decreased total cell surface charge. We also changed cell surface charge independent of sialic acid moieties, by conjugating cationic avidin to the surface of live cells. Neuraminidase inhibited the electric field‐induced directional polarization of membrane ruffling and α4 integrin, while avidin treatment actually reversed the directional polarization of sialic acids. Neuraminidase treatment inhibited directionality but did not alter speed of motility. Surprisingly, avidin treatment did not significantly alter either directionality or speed of motility. Thus, our results demonstrate that electric field‐induced polarization of charged species indeed occurs. However, polarization of the bulk of charged cell surface proteins is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause motility, thus contradicting the second part of our hypothesis. Because neuraminidase inhibited directional motility, we also conclude that sialic acids are required constituents of some cell surface molecule(s) through which electric fields mount a polarized transmembrane response. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
D‐ and L‐[123I]‐2‐I‐phenylalanine show a long tumour retention compared with D‐ and L‐[123I]‐2‐I‐tyrosine in R1M rhabdomyosarcoma tumour‐bearing Wag/Rij rats
Authors: Bauwens Matthias , Lahoutte Tony , Kersemans Ken , Caveliers Vicky , Bossuyt Axel , Mertens John
Published: August 2007

The aim of this study was the comparison of the tumour uptake and the long‐term retention of [123I]‐2‐I‐L‐phenylalanine and [123I]‐2‐I‐D‐phenylalanine with those of [123I]‐2‐I‐L‐tyrosine and [123I]‐2‐I‐D‐tyrosine in R1M rhabdomyosarcoma tumour‐bearing rats. The biodistribution of the radioactivity as a function of time in R1M tumour‐bearing rats was measured by planar gamma camera imaging (dynamic and static). If dissection was applied, the activity in the tumours and tissues of interest was measured by gamma counting. [123I]‐2‐iodo‐L‐phenylalanine, [123I]‐2‐iodo‐D‐phenylalaine, [123I]‐2‐I‐L‐tyrosine showed a considerable tumour uptake reaching a maximum between 10 and 30 min. At 30 min p.i. the differential uptake ratio values of this uptake were, respectively, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5 and 1.7. The activity in the tumour was shown to be related to a tumour cell uptake and not to an increased blood pool activity. All the tracers showed a clearance from the blood to the bladder without renal retention. At longer times both L‐ and D‐ [123I]‐2‐I‐tyrosine were cleared for a large part from the tumours and the body. [123I]‐2‐I‐L‐Phe and [123I]‐2‐I‐D‐Phe showed a considerable and equal retention in the tumours: as compared with 0.5 h, 91% at 24 h and 80% at 48 h. This was related to the longer retention of activity in the blood pool noticed for these compounds (81% at 24 h and 65% at 48 h). The tumour‐to‐background ratio increased with 25% at those longer times. At short times all the tracers were taken up to a considerable extent in the tumours. In the R1M‐bearing Wag/Rij rat model only [123I]‐2‐I‐L‐phenylalanine and [123I]‐2‐I‐D‐phenylalanine showed an especially high retention at long times without any significant difference between the enantiomers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for early catheter‐related infections in cancer patients
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Neu Jean‐Charles , Clisant Stéphanie , Hoppe Helga , Devos Patrick , Yazdanpanah Yazdan
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND.

Early catheter‐related infection is a serious complication in cancer treatment, although risk factors for its occurrence are not well established. The authors conducted a prospective study to identify the risk factors for developing early catheter‐related infection.

METHODS.

All consecutive patients with cancer who underwent insertion of a central venous catheter were enrolled and were followed prospectively during 1 month. The study endpoint was occurrence of early catheter‐related infection.

RESULTS.

Over 10,392 catheter‐days of follow‐up, 14 of 371 patients had early catheter‐related infections (14 patients in 10,392 catheter‐days or 1.34 per 1000 catheter‐days). The causative pathogens were gram positive in 11 of 14 patients. In univariate analysis, the risk factors for early catheter‐related infection were aged <10 years (P = .0001), difficulties during insertion (P < 10−6), blood product administration (P < 10−3), parenteral nutrition (P < 10−4), and use >2 days (P < 10−6). In multivariate analysis, 3 variables remained significantly associated with the risk of early catheter‐related infection: age <10 years (odds ratio [OR], 18.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.9–106.7), difficulties during insertion procedure (OR, 25.6; 95% CI, 4.2–106), and parenteral nutrition (OR, 28.5; 95% CI, 4.2–200).

CONCLUSIONS.

On the day of insertion, 2 variables were identified that were associated with a high risk of developing an early catheter‐related infection: young age and difficulties during insertion. The results from this study may be used to identify patients who are at high risk of infection who may be candidates for preventive strategies. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Immunotherapy of murine colon cancer using receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2‐derived peptide‐pulsed dendritic cell vaccines
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo , Sakamori Ryotaro , Uemura Akio , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Storkus Walter J. , Hayashi Norio
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND.

Further optimization of dendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines is required clinically against advanced stage cancer. Given the broad range of expression levels observed in the recently defined tumor antigen EphA2 in a diverse types of cancers, especially in advanced stage or metastatic cancers, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of vaccination using DCs pulsed with EphA2‐derived peptides (Eph‐DCs) in a murine colon cancer model.

METHODS.

EphA2 protein expression levels were evaluated in advanced colorectal carcinoma tissues from 10 patients by Western blot analysis. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Eph‐DCs twice weekly. Interferon γ (IFN‐γ) ELISPOT assays were used for the analysis of CD8‐positive T cells that were specific for EphA2‐derived peptide. Immunized mice were challenged subcutaneously with EphA2‐positive murine colorectal adenocarcinoma (MC38) mouse colon tumors or with EphA2‐negative BL6 melanoma tumors. In some experiments, mice were injected with anti‐CD8, anti‐CD4, or antiasialo GM1 antibody to deplete corresponding lymphocyte subsets.

RESULTS.

Among 10 samples of advanced colorectal carcinoma, 6 samples (60%) overexpressed EphA2. IFN‐γ ELISPOT assays revealed that EphA2‐derived peptide‐specific CD8‐positive T cells were generated by immunization with Eph‐DCs. Immunization with Eph‐DCs inhibited MC38 tumor growth compared with immunization using unpulsed DCs or phosphate‐buffered saline. In contrast, Eph‐DC vaccination had no effect on BL6 growth. Antibody depletion studies revealed that both CD8‐positive T cells and CD4‐positive T cells, but not natural killer cells, played critical roles in the efficacy observed for immunizations with Eph‐DCs. Eph‐DC vaccines resulted in long‐term antitumor immunity against a rechallenge with MC38 tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONS.

The current results demonstrated that Eph‐DC vaccines may represent a promising preventative/therapeutic modality in the cancer setting. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Provenance in collection‐oriented scientific workflows
Authors: Bowers Shawn , McPhillips Timothy M. , Ludäscher Bertram
Published: August 2007

We describe a provenance model tailored to scientific workflows based on the collection‐oriented modeling and design paradigm. Our implementation within the Kepler scientific workflow system captures the dependencies of data and collection creation events on preexisting data and collections, and embeds these provenance records within the data stream. A provenance query engine operates on self‐contained workflow traces representing serializations of the output data stream for particular workflow runs. We demonstrate this approach in our response to the first provenance challenge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of tetraprolinium silicotungstic acid tetra‐hydrate, a new organic‐inorganic hybrid based on polyoxometallates
Authors: Alizadeh M. H. , Tayebee R. , Mirzaei M.
Published: August 2007

A new solvated polyoxometallate bearing an amino acid, (I), has been prepared for the first time by the reaction of 0.16 mmol α‐H4SiW12O40.15H2O with 0.78 mmol of L‐proline in hydrochloric acid at pH 3. The structure of (I) was substantially characterized by some physical approaches, such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H‐NMR. Our findings proved that (I) could be formulated as [L‐C5H10NO2]4[SiW12O40].4H2O. It is believed that the electrostatic attractions and hydrogen bonding between tungstosilisic acid and the prolinium cation affected the structure of (I). It is evident that the polyoxometallates moieties were arranged in good order to form large holes in the structural backbone. These cavities were occupied by the prolinium cations and water molecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photorefractive features of non‐stoichiometry codoped Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 single crystals
Authors: Bo Liu , Chunliang Li , Jiancong Bi , Liang Sun , Yuheng Xu
Published: August 2007

Hf(2mol%):Fe(0.05wt%):LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios of 0.94, 1.05, 1.2 and 1.38 have been grown. The photorefractive resistant ability increases with the accretion of [Li]/[Nb] ratio. When the ratio of [Li]/[Nb] is 1.20 or 1.38, the OH‐ absorption band shifts to about 3477cm‐1. The mechanisms of the photorefractive resistant ability increase and the absorption band shift have been discussed. The exponential gain coefficient (Γ) of the crystals was measured with two‐beam coupling method and the effective charge carrier concentration (Neff) was calculated. The results show that Γ and Neff increase with the accretion of [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The temperature effect of codoped Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was also studied, it was found that the exponential gain coefficient increase dramatically at about 55°C, 70°C and 110°C, this is due to the inner electric field which is resulted from structure phase change. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Both Langerhans cells and interstitial DC cross‐present melanoma antigens and efficiently activate antigen‐specific CTL
Authors: Cao Tinghua , Ueno Hideki , Glaser Casey , Fay Joseph W. , Palucka A. Karolina , Banchereau Jacques
Published: August 2007

Dendritic cells (DC) have a unique capacity to present external antigens to CD8+ T cells, i.e. cross‐presentation. However, it is not fully established whether the ability to cross‐presentation is restricted to a unique subset of DC in humans. Here, we show that two major myeloid DC subsets, i.e. Langerhans cells (LC) and interstitial DC (Int‐DC), have the ability to cross‐present antigens to CD8+ T cells in vitro. LC and Int‐DC were obtained from DC generated by culturing human CD34+‐hematopoietic progenitor cells with GM‐CSF, FLT3‐L, and TNF‐α (CD34‐DC). Both DC subsets were able to capture necrotic/apoptotic allogeneic melanoma cells and present antigens to CD8+ T cells, resulting in efficient priming of naive CD8+ T cells into CTL capable of killing melanoma cells. Strikingly, a single stimulation with either subset (LC or Int‐DC) or total CD34‐DC loaded with necrotic/apoptotic melanoma cells was sufficient to activate melanoma‐specific memory CD8+ T cells obtained from patients with metastatic melanoma to become effective CTL. Thus, this study provides the rationale to use CD34‐DC loaded with necrotic/apoptotic allogeneic melanoma cells in a clinical trial.
The Foxn1‐dependent transcripts PCOLCE2 and mPPP1R16B are not required for normal thymopoiesis
Authors: Heinzel Kornelia , Bleul Conrad C.
Published: August 2007

The adaptive immune system relies on the thymic microenvironment for the production of a diverse, self‐tolerant T cell receptor repertoire. The central cellular organizer of the thymic microenvironment is the thymic epithelial cell (TEC). The development of TEC from endodermal precursor cells is under the control of the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor Foxn1 but the transcriptional program that leads to this unique epithelial differentiation has not been investigated functionally. Here, we show that expression of procollagen C‐proteinase enhancer 2 (PCOLCE2) is absent in Foxn1‐deficient TEC. In order to study the functional role of this gene in TEC differentiation, we have genetically inactivated PCOLCE2 and the gene encoding phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitory subunit 16B (mPPP1R16B), another transcript lacking in Foxn1‐deficient TEC. Mice deficient for either one or both of these transcripts presented a normal thymic microenvironment and undisturbed thymopoiesis. While there is no evidence for a functional role of PCOLCE2 and mPPP1R16B in thymus development, our results suggest that the lack of thymopoiesis in Foxn1‐deficient mice is caused by multiple functional defects.
Mannan and peptidoglycan induce COX‐2 protein in human PMNviathe mammalian target of rapamycin
Authors: Fernández Nieves , González Ana , Valera Isela , Alonso Sara , Crespo Mariano Sánchez
Published: August 2007

The induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein expression was assessed in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulatedviareceptors of the innate immune system. Peptidoglycan (PGN) and mannan, and at a lower extent the bacterial lipoprotein mimic palmitoyl‐3‐cysteine‐serine‐lysine‐4, induced COX‐2 protein expression. In contrast, lipoteichoic acid and muramyldipeptide were irrelevant stimuli. The mRNA encoding COX‐2 was present in resting PMN at an extent quite similar to that detected in stimulated PMN, whereas the expression of COX‐2 protein was undetectable. Treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor (PI3K) wortmaninn, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin, and the translation inhibitor cycloheximide blocked the induction of COX‐2 protein in response to mannan and PGN, whereas the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D did not show a significant effect. These results disclose a capability of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns to induce the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid more robust than that of PMN archetypal chemoattractants, since mannan and PGN make it coincidental the release of arachidonic acid with a rapid induction of COX‐2 protein regulated by a signaling cascade involving PI3K, mTOR, and the translation machinery. This mechanism of COX‐2 protein induction expression in PMN is substantially different from that operative in mononuclear phagocytes, which is highly dependent on transcriptional regulation.
Reciprocal generation of Th1/Th17 and Treg cells by B1 and B2 B cells
Authors: Zhong Xuemei , Gao Wenda , Degauque Nicolas , Bai Chunyan , Lu Yan , Kenny James , Oukka Mohamed , Strom Terry B. , Rothstein Thomas L.
Published: August 2007

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for maintaining peripheral tolerance, whereas T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells induce inflammation and tissue destruction. Using Foxp3‐GFP knock‐in mice, we report a novel regulatory role for B cell subsets in influencing the differentiation of Treg versus Th1/Th17 cells. Peritoneal B1 cells strongly promoted T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion when presenting nominal or allogeneic antigens, as compared to conventional follicular B (B2) cells. However, peritoneal B1 cells largely failed to convert naive Foxp3–CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells in the presence of TGF‐β and IL‐2, in marked contrast to conventional B2 cells, which excelled in Treg conversion. Interestingly, under the same Treg conversion conditions, peritoneal B1 cells preferentially promoted Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Blockade of CD86 but not CD80 costimulation markedly enhanced Treg cell induction by B1 cells. Thus, B cell antigen presentation function is inversely correlated with de novo Treg cell induction for these B cell subsets. Our findings suggest that B1 and B2 cell subsets play distinct roles in immune regulation by promoting reciprocal differentiation of T cell lineages.
Cooperative Spin‐Crossover Behaviour in Polymeric 1D FeII Coordination Compounds: [{Fe(tba)3}X2]·nH2O
Authors: Seredyuk Maksym , Gaspar Ana B. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Verdaguer Michel , Villain Françoise , Gütlich Philipp
Published: August 2007

A new family of 1D cooperative spin‐crossover polymers with general formula [{Fe(tba)3}X2]·nH2O [tba = N‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzamide; X = CF3SO3–, n = 2 (1), n = 0 (4); BF4–,n = 3 (2), n = 0 (5); 4‐CH3C6H4SO3–, n = 3 (3), n = 0 (6)] has been synthesised and characterised using a series of spectroscopic methods, X‐ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. The copper analogue of 1, [{Cu(tba)3}(CF3SO3)2]·3H2O (7), has also been synthesised and its crystal structure solved at 293 K. Compound 7 crystallises in the P$\bar {1}$ space group. The bidentate N‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzamide ligand bridges the copper ions through the 1,2‐nitrogen positions leading to a one‐dimensional infinite polymer. The EXAFS data collected at 80 K for 1 agree perfectly with a linear chain structure, as observed for 7, with [Fe(tba)3] chromophores linked to each other through the adjacent nitrogen atoms of three N‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐4‐yl)benzamide ligands. IR spectroscopic studies confirm the retention of the C2v symmetry for the triazole rings in 2 and 3, thereby suggesting a similar chainlike arrangement in these compounds. Compound 1 is low spin (LS) at room temperature while 2 and 3 are high spin (HS). The latter two complexes undergo cooperative thermal spin transition at Tc↓ = 250 and Tc↑ = 258 K in 2 and Tc↓ = 226 and Tc↑ = 238 K in 3. The spin transition in 2 and 3 is accompanied by a change of colour from white in the HS state to violet in the LS state. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the spin transition estimated from DSC measurements are ΔH = 17.8 (2) and 14.6 kJ mol–1 (3), and ΔS = 67.2 (2) and 63.5 J K–1 mol–1 (3). In contrast, the dehydrated compounds 4, 5 and 6 show very different spin‐transition behaviour. Complex 4 exhibits an abrupt spin transition centred at room temperature and is accompanied by a relatively large hysteresis loop with a width of 25 K (ΔH = 19.7 kJ mol–1 and ΔS = 65.6 J K–1 mol–1). Like 2 and 3, 4 shows a dramatic colour change upon the spin transition. Complex 5 shows a continuous and incomplete spin transition, and 6 is HS over the whole temperature range investigated (10–400 K). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Supramolecular Click Assembly of a Fused Double‐Stranded [MnII3] Dihelicate
Authors: Tang Jinkui , Costa José Sánchez , Aromí Guillem , Mutikainen Ilpo , Turpeinen Urho , Gamez Patrick , Reedijk Jan
Published: August 2007

A trinuclear MnII complex was obtained by reaction of manganese(II) perchlorate with the ligand 2‐methoxy‐6‐(pyridine‐2‐ylhydrazonomethyl)phenol in methanol. The X‐ray crystal structure of [Mn3L4](ClO4)2(H2O)2 (1) reveals that the “bent” chain of the MnII ions is assembled by a unique click‐assembly of two double‐stranded helicates. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show weak ferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ultra‐Low Catalyst Loading as a Concept in Economical and Sustainable Modern Chemistry: The Contribution of Ferrocenylpolyphosphane Ligands (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 24/2007)
Authors: Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Beaupérin Matthieu , Meunier Philippe
Published: August 2007

The cover picture shows an X‐ray illustration of the multidentate ferrocenylpolyphosphane 1,1′,2,2′‐tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐4,4′‐di‐tert‐butylferrocene. The cisoid conformation of the molecule, evidenced at the solid state, is conserved in solution; the phosphorus arrangement led to a rarely demonstrated multiple‐coordination behaviour towards palladium, possibly useful in ultra‐low catalyst loading reactions due to an improved stabilization of the metal atom. The multiple phosphane arms and their orientation resemble the elegant and intelligent creature that is the Giant Pacific Octopus (specimen from the Alaska SeaLife Centre in Seward, photo published with the kind permission of Mollie Tubbs and Jason Wettstein). The catalytic performance in palladium cross‐coupling at ultra‐low catalyst loading is presented in the Microreview by J.‐C. Hierso et al. on page 3767 ff.