bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme heat events, high ambient temperatures and human morbidity and mortality in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Manyuchi Albert E. , Chersich Matthew , Vogel Coleen , Wright Caradee Y. , Matsika Ruwadzano , Erasmus Barend
Published: November 2022

Temperature extremes vary across Africa. A continent-wide examination of the impacts of heat on health in Africa, and a synthesis of Africa-informed evidence is, however, lacking. A systematic review of articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1992 and April 2019 was conducted. To be eligible, articles had to be Africa-specific, in English, and focused on how heatwaves and high ambient temperatures affect morbidity and mortality. A secondary systematic analysis on policies and interventions comprising 17 studies was also conducted, and the findings synthesised together with those of the 20 primary studies. Eleven studies showed that high ambient temperatures and heat waves are linked with increased mortality rates in Africa. These linkages are characterised by complex, linear and non-linear (J or U) relationships. Eight of the nine primary studies of morbidity outcome reported that an increase in temperature was accompanied by raised disease incidence. Children and the elderly were the population groups most vulnerable to extreme heat exposure. Location-specific interventions and policy suggestions include developing early warning systems, creating heat-health plans, changing housing conditions and implementing heat-health awareness campaigns. In summary, this review demonstrates that, while heat-health relationships in Africa are complex, extreme temperatures are associated with high mortality and morbidity, especially amongst vulnerable populations. As temperatures increase across Africa, there is an urgent need to develop heat-health plans and implement interventions. Future studies must document intervention effectiveness and quantify the costs of action and inaction on extreme heatrelated mortality and morbidity.
 Significance:

Empirical evidence shows that the relationship between heat and human health is complex in the African This complexity has implications for the development of interventions and policies for heathealth on the continent.
This review is important for African policymakers, practitioners and others who support Africa’s adaptation to climate change. Through this review, a compendium of Africa-specific and relevant empirical information is aggregated and made readily available to various interested and affected parties.
Investigation of the suitability of activated and non-activated bentonites from the Imerys Mine (South Africa) for geosynthetic clay liners
Authors: Patel Ahmad , Hingston Egerton D.C. , Demlie Molla
Published: November 2022

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have become a suitable substitute for compacted clay liners used for prevention of leachate percolation from landfills and tailings dams into the groundwater system. The characteristics of most bentonites is improved through a process of activation by mixing with soda ash (Na2CO3). This paper presents the investigation results of the suitability of bentonites from the Imerys Mine in South Africa for use in GCLs. Both activated and non-activated bentonites were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and swell index, fluid loss, plate water absorption and Atterberg limits tests. The XRD analysis results indicate that the activated and non-activated bentonite have a smectite content of 58% and 67%, respectively. The swell index of non-activated bentonite was significantly lower than that of activated bentonite. The activated bentonite samples tested at different times subsequent to activation revealed that a minimum of 4 weeks of activation time is required to fully activate it to the ideal soda ash to bentonite ratio of 1:16. The fluid loss tests displayed results slightly above the required minimum of 18 mL because of the low swell index of the bentonites tested. The activated and non-activated bentonites have absorption capacities of 133% and 121%, respectively. The plasticity index of the activated bentonite is 101%, 15% higher than the non-activated bentonite. The overall results concluded that the Imerys bentonite is a medium-quality bentonite with borderline index properties that requires at least 4 weeks of beneficiation to achieve complete activation to suitably be used as GCLs.
Significance:

The significance of this paper is the beneficiation process of bentonite in the geotextile industry.
This study is relevant to geotechnical engineers, environmental geologists, engineering geologists and other related professionals working with geosynthetic clay liners whereby bentonite is the key ingredient.
The study provides an optimum ratio of bentonite to sodium carbonate and the required time for beneficiation.
We further recommend that quality control measures should be implemented to ensure complete activation of bentonite, including the blending process of different qualities of bentonite.
Will the grass be greener on the other side of climate change? (with corrigendum)
Authors: Morris Craig D. , Kirkman Kevin P. , Zacharias Pete J.K.
Published: November 2022

Increasing atmospheric [CO2] is stimulating photosynthesis and plant production, increasing the demand for nitrogen relative to soil supply with declining global foliar nitrogen concentrations as a consequence. The effects of such oligotrophication on the forage quality of sweetveld, mixed veld, and sourveld grasslands in South Africa, which support livestock production and native ungulates, are unknown. Soil characteristics and the herbage quality of an abundant grass are described from baseline historical (mid- 1980s) data collected across a sweet-mixed-sour grassland gradient in KwaZulu-Natal. Sourveld occurred on the most acidic, dystrophic soils and exhibited a pronounced decline in leaf nitrogen, digestibility, and other macronutrients during winter, in sharp contrast to sweetveld, on nutrient-rich soils, where forage quality varied little seasonally. In a carbon-enriched, warmer, and most likely drier future climate, we predict that forage quality will not be substantially altered in sweetveld where soil nutrients and temperature are not limiting but that sourveld could become ‘sourer’ because soil nutrients will be inadequate to match higher plant production promoted by elevated [CO2] and warmer and longer growing seasons. Reassessing historical data and seasonal and spatial monitoring of forage quality will enable assessment of past and future impacts of climate change on grassland forage quality.
Significance:

Grassland forage quality will likely decline with elevated [CO2] and warming, particularly in sourveld.
Climate change could deepen and widen the sourveld winter forage bottleneck, necessitating greater supplementary feeding of livestock.
70 years later – New research at Holley Shelter, a Middle and Later Stone Age site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Bader Gregor D. , Will Manuel
Published: November 2022

In 1952, Gordon Cramb published the first report on his excavations at Holley Shelter, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Although Cramb’s work implied organic preservation associated with a unique stone tool assemblage from a Middle Stone Age (MSA) context, Holley Shelter disappeared from the archaeological landscape until 2015, when we provided a reinvestigation of the lithic assemblages from the 1950s. Our study indicated a tentative chronological framework around Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) for the human occupation of the site. However, Cramb’s excavations did not produce reliable chronometric ages and the botanical and zoological finds from Holley Shelter remain for the most part unstudied. This is problematic as the site constitutes one of the few inland MSA rock shelters of KwaZulu-Natal featuring organic preservation. In 2022, 70 years after Cramb’s first report, we started a new research project focusing on renewed excavations to obtain archaeological remains from a controlled stratigraphy, absolute chronometric ages and reliable data on the palaeoenvironment at the border between the coastal belt and the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal. Here, we provide initial results from the first field campaign in 2022 on the stratigraphic sequence and archaeological finds and discuss their implications for future multidisciplinary research.
Significance:

Environmental change can have a strong impact on hunter-gatherer behaviour, migration and technological choices. It is thus crucial to contextualise archaeological material with a strong palaeoenvironmental record.
The inland of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, represents an understudied region in terms of Stone Age archaeological sites and palaeoenvironmental record.
Holley Shelter is one of the few sites in South Africa with excellent organic preservation and a deep stratigraphic record, which provide a great opportunity to investigate human-landscape interaction and technological change throughout the Middle and Later Stone Age.
TEK TARAFLI SERVİKAL AĞRI VE RADİKÜLOPATİSİ OLAN HASTALARDA TRAPEZİUS, MASSETER VE STERNOKLEİDOMASTOİD KAS KALINLIKLARININ, AĞRI EŞİĞİNİN VE ÖZÜRLÜLÜĞÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KIZILOĞLU Hüseyin Alper , AYYILDIZ Veysel Atilla , YAKUT Hatice , BEKAR Zülal
Published: November 2022

Amaç Kronik servikal ağrı, dünya çapında gözlenen en yaygın kas iskelet sistemi semptomlarından biridir. Çalışmamızda tek taraflı kronik boyun ağrısı olan olguların ultrasonografide(USG) boyun bölgesinde ve boyun bölgesine komşu kas gruplarında varsa kalınlık değişimlerini göstermeyi amaçladık. Ayrıca aynı hasta grubunun, basınç algometrede kasların ağrı eşiğindeki değişimi göstermeyi de amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem Tek taraflı boyun ağrısı olup, servikal manyetik rezonans görüntülemede(MRG) disk herniasyonu olan, elektromyografide(EMG) radikülopati bulguları kanıtlanan ve 12 hafta veya üzeri ağrısı olan (kronik boyun ağrısı tanımına uyan) hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma prospektif olarak yapılmıştır. Toplamda 32 hasta (25 kadın, 7 erkek) dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların ağrılarını değerlendirmede vizüel analog skala(VAS) testi, basınç algometre ile ölçüm ve boyun özürlülük testi yapılmıştır. Hastaların masseter, sternokleidomastoid (SKM) ve trapezius kas kalınlıkları USG ile ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca her üç kasın ağrı eşikleri basınç algometre ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular Hastaların yaşları 20-69 arasında değişmekte olup ortalama yaşları 49,71 ± 11,73’dur. Ağrı olan ve olmayan tarafta SKM, trapezius ve masseter kası ağrı eşik seviyeleri için istatistiksel anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (sırası ile p = 0,645; p = 0,386; p = 0,545). Ağrı olan ve olmayan tarafta SKM, trapezius ve masseter kas kalınlığı için istatistiksel anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (sırası ile p = 0,76; p = 0,563; p = 0,603). Sonuç Tek taraflı kronik boyun ağrısı olan hastada, ağrı olan tarafta ve olmayan tarafta çalışılan her 3 kas için (trapezius, sternokleidomastoid kas ve masseter kası) ağrı eşiklerinde istatistiksel anlamlı fark gözlenme- miştir. Kas kalınlıklarının USG ile ölçümünde de her 3 kas için (trapezius, sternokleidomastoid kas ve masseter kası) ağrı olan ve olmayan taraf için istatistiksel anlamlı fark gösterilememiştir.
KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS AT HEALTH-RELATED DEPARTMENTS ABOUT SEXUAL HEALTH AND RELATED FACTORS
Authors: GÖKÇAY Gönül , ÇEVİRME Ayşe
Published: November 2022

Aim: For the societies to be healthy, it is important to protect and improve the sexual health of young people. The research was conducted descriptively in order to determine the knowledge about sexual health of students studying at health-related departments and related factors. Method: The research was conducted with 600 students at health departments. Student Information Form and Sexual Health Information Test were used in the study. The datas were evaluated by using t test, analysis of variance, number, percentage and mean values. In statistical analysis, the level of significance is accepted as p<0.05. Results: The difference between the students' gender, sexual health education status, number of siblings, father's occupation and income, and sexual health knowledge was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the total sexual health information of the students was below the acceptable values. In the results of working; It is recommended that sexual education programs should be implemented for pre-university and university students.
CANCER TREATMENT AND FOOD-DRUG INTERACTIONS
Authors: EKİNOĞLU Ezgi , ÜNLÜ Ayşe
Published: November 2022

Cancer has one of the highest prevalence worldwide. In addition to the experience such as treatment and medicine, which are widely used in treatment, less surgical surgical operations, implantotherapy and surgical surgeries can be used. As a stand-alone preparation on this road. Cancer is the biggest owner in nutrition in treatment. Nutrients are one of the most important pharmacological inputs. Buy the absorption of the drug, you can increase or delay it. While this development plan will be made, the future benefit-medicine should also be considered. Nowadays, cancer treatment also applies to albant. Complementary uses are those used for the purpose of use. Alternatives can be used for the applications in use. Extreme caution should be exercised when using Buler for medical shrinkage. It can be used in a way that can be reviewed and implemented. If predictions for these products are planned, prior knowledge will be used - drug interactions are not known with certainty. To be sure of a feeding process, you can accurately predict its prognosis.
DETERMINATION OF NEUROTOXICITY BY TRANSWELL METHOD THAT ALLOWS TRIPLE CO-CULTURE OF U373, HUVEC AND RN-33B CELL LINES AND TREATMENT OF NEUROTOXIC EFFECT WITH MORINGA PLANT: IN VITRO
Authors: YENİ Yesim , TAGHIZADEHGHALEHJOUGHI Ali , GENÇ Sidika , HACIMÜFTÜOĞLU Ahmet
Published: November 2022

Aim: Glioblastoma is the best widespread and aggressive major brain tumor. Despite efforts to improve treatment and advances, the average survival of patients remains limited to 14 months after diagnosis. Recent research has shown that Moringa is widely used in traditional medicine. The purpose of our study is to show the neuroprotective effect of Moringa, which we will use in the treatment, on the neurotoxicity induced by the transwell co-culture method. Method: First of all, RN-33B, U373, and HUVEC cell lines were grown in prepared media. Then, HUVEC and U373 cell lines reaching 85% confluence were removed with trypsin EDTA. U373 was seeded on the top base of the transwell membrane and the lower base of the HUVEC. Transwell membranes were placed in the wells with neuron culture and incubated for 1 day. Afterward, 25-50-100-200 and 400 µg/ml doses of Moringa extract were added to the wells and incubated for 1 day. After 1 day, MTT, TAC, TOS, GSH, and LDH tests were performed and the results were compared with the control groups and statistically evaluated. Results: Moringa showed a dose-dependent increase in viability and cell viability was found to be 90% at the highest dose. In addition, antioxidant parameters (TAC, GSH) correlated with MTT analysis. In TOS and LDH levels, it was observed that the oxidant level decreased depending on the dose. Conclusion: It demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of Moringa by preventing neurotoxicity following short-term exposure of neurons to U373 cancer cells.
THE EFFECTS OF FLUID INTAKE HABITS OF THE HEALTHY YOUNG POPULATION ON URINARY SYMPTOMS
Authors: AYDIN ÖZKAN Semiha , KIZILKAYA BEJİ Nezihe
Published: November 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate of fluid intake habits and urinary symptoms in young, healthy population. Method: This study design was descriptive, cross-sectional type. A questionnaire was used to assess the fluid intake habits and The Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) (it is structure of 13 items in 3 dimensions: stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and low stream). The study was completed by 602 university students. Results: The average daily fluid intake was >2 L/day for both genders. The gender difference in fluid intake was significant (p < 0.05). Male students were more than consumption of caffeinated drinks and alcohol. The urinary symptom profile score was stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and low stream 0.16, 2.41, 0.28 respectively. The male students compared to female students difference in stress urinary incontinence and low stream was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, fluid intake habits and urinary symptoms differ between genders in the healthy young population.
Harmonization of Lex Sportiva Framework
Authors: Melnik V. N.
Published: November 2022

As sources of sports law the doctrine of sports law of the Russian Federation names the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the regulations developed by non-state sports organizations, which is referred to as lex sportiva. With regard to the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, it can be stated that they are classical sources of all branches of law. The same one cannot say about lex sportiva, which is inherent exclusively in sports law. Moreover, it is customary to perceive lex sportiva as a single complex of homogeneous norms. The author suggests that this approach is not entirely correct, and proposes to reconsider it. In this regard, this study is aimed at studying the lex sportiva as a complex system consisting of the regulations of non-state sports organizations, lex ludica and lex specialis. The author attempts to introduce such categories as lex ludica and lex specialis into the doctrine of the domestic sports law, which allow us to state that there is some heterogeneity of lex sportiva. In conclusion, the author outlines the structure of lex sportiva and attempts to determine the legal nature of individual elements of lex sportiva.
Current Problems of HIV Transmission Classification
Authors: Bimbinov A. A.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the criminal law characteristics of HIV infection with an emphasis on law enforcement problems. It has been established that article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for HIV infection, contains three main bodies of a crime that differ in almost all the elements. The objective side of putting a person at risk of being infected with the HIV (part 1 of article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) consists in committing an act creating a real and immediate threat of transmitting HIV to another person, if the disease does not occur due to circumstances beyond the control of the guilty party. In this regard, the criminal liability of an HIV-positive person with an undetectable amount of the virus is impossible to arise, since such a person is not able to pass the disease on to another person. This conclusion should be taken into account when deciding on the criminal liability of a person who correctly used proven means for preventing HIV infection (condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis). The bodies of the crimes provided for in parts 2 and 4 of Art. 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation belong to materially defined crimes, since, under the law, criminal acts must lead to the infection of another person with the HIV. These bodies differ in the substance of the acts. According to part 4, the act consists in the improper performance by a person of his professional duties, which implies the possibility of committing the specified crime through inaction. The act provided for in part 2 can only be expressed in active actions leading to transmission of the HIV to the victim. The presence of a causal relationship between such actions and the consequences may be evidenced by the results of phylogenetic analysis, which, in turn, makes it possible to judge on the presence or absence of an epidemiological relationship.
Types of Digital Traces of Crimes in the Field of Economic Activity and Features of their Study by an Expert
Authors: Buynov D. O.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to highlight various types of digital traces that carry the most significant information in the investigation of crimes in the field of economic activity, and to determine the features of their study by an expert. The author sets a number of tasks: to analyze the types of economic crimes and the methods of their commission for the possibility of the formation of digital traces in the course of the implementation of these offenses; to identify different types of digital traces specific to each type of crime; to study judicial and expert practice in the production of forensic examinations, the object of which are digital traces. The author identifies some types of digital traces that have the greatest forensic significance in the investigation of the above crimes, outlines their peculiarities and main features, and considers certain aspects of the expert study of these digital traces. The author concludes that the most common digital traces in the investigation of economic crimes are electronic accounting documents; information posted on a website used in criminal activities; server data on site registration and account transactions. In this regard, it is most expedient to collect digital traces: a) by seizing a material carrier of information containing electronic accounting documents; b) by creating a screenshot of the site containing the information necessary for the investigation of the crime; c) by sending a request to the owner of the server on whose resources the website used in criminal activities is located. For an expert study of digital traces of economic content, it is necessary to conduct a complex of forensic examinations.
The EAEU Pharmacopoeia as a Harmonizing Basis for the Requirements for the Quality of Medicines in the EAEU and Beyond
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: November 2022

The author investigates a particular issue of drug compliance arising from the lack of broad harmonization between different pharmacopoeias around the world. The absence of customs barriers, the presence of a unified system of certification of goods, a single mark of conformity seems to be a sufficient legal basis for the development of a «Eurasian» pharmacopeia. It is important to emphasize the expanded perception of the scope of the EAEU pharmacopeia, according to which active pharmaceutical substances, excipients, drugs and other materials described in pharmacopeia articles are listed as objects of standardization of requirements, and both medicine and veterinary medicine are designated as a possible scope of their application. The EAEU has rightly adopted a course towards standardization and harmonization in a broader format of good pharmaceutical practices in the field of drug circulation. The content of pharmacopoeial monographs should also be taken into account when performing a patent search in the aspect of registration of inventions related to medicines. Taking into account the great potential of the EAEU in the context of medicines created on the territory of the EAEU and the Russian Federation used in the fight against coronavirus infection and other latest infections, diseases, the EAEU pharmacopoeia as an act of harmonizing requirements for the quality of medicines and the corresponding harmonization processes within the EAEU should be flexible, subject to rapid modernization and supplementation without any special obstacles at the national legal level from the EAEU member states. It is necessary to increase the extraterritorial potential for the use of the EAEU pharmacopoeia, in particular, as a tool for the admission of medicines to the EAEU pharmaceutical market and a mechanism for ensuring a high level of quality requirements for medicines in the world.
“Okült Bilgiler Işığında Osmanlı Şiirine Bakışlar
Authors: SARI KANLIAY Gülden
Published: November 2022

Ezoterik tinsel gelenek anlayışı olarak tanımlanabilecek okültizm, eskiden yeniye, kuşaklar arasında tartışma yaratmıştır. Ezoterik öğretiler, batıl inanç olarak kabul görerek göz ardı edilmiş, metinlerdeki anlam dünyasına ise ancak XIX. yüzyıldan itibaren ışık tutulmaya başlanmıştır. Gizembilim veya gizlicilik olarak da bilinen okült bilimlerin Osmanlılarda öğrenilmesi haram sayıldığı fikri yaygındır. Onlardan, gerek eşya üzerinde iksir katılarak sihir yarattığı gerekse geleceği etkilediği düşüncesinden hareketle gizli tutularak anlaşılmasından sakınılmıştır. Osmanlı şairleri edebî metinlerde bu bilimlere işaret ederek onlarla ilgili halk arasında yaygın olan inanışlara dair bilgileri aktarmada köprü görevi üstlenmişlerdir. Divanlar Osmanlıların birer tarih vesikalarıdır. Bu bağlamda makalede Osmanlı şiirinde okültizmin yansıması irdelenmiştir. Osmanlı kültür ve sanatı arasında okült ögelerin kullanımının edebî metinlerden hareketle irdelendiği araştırmada bu ögelerin tam bir tespiti yapılarak başlıklandırılmış, metinlerden hareketle ezoterik yapı gösterilmiştir. Geniş bir tarihî yelpazeye sahip olan Osmanlı şiirine ait farklı asırlarda yazılmış divanlardan seçilen örnek şiirlerdeki bu ezoterik yapılar, sosyal hayata ve zihniyet gibi birtakım verilere ışık tuttuğu gibi Osmanlı’nın miras aldığı ve içselleştirdiği değerlerin tespit edilmesinde de yol gösterici nitelik taşımaktadır. Manzumelerde aktarılan bilgiler ışığında halk-saray ve çevresine uzanan bir silsilede Osmanlı toplumunun altı asırlık yaşayışını şekillendiren arkaik düşünce yapısı, folkloru da ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Şairlerin mısralarına serpiştirdiği bu bilgileri kullanış gayesi sanatsal dilden hareketle gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Arşiv Belgelerine Göre 19. Yüzyıl Sonları 20. Yüzyıl Başlarında Osmanlı Devleti nde Nafaka Sorunsalı
Authors: GÖKTAŞ CENGİZ Gül Hanım
Published: November 2022

Erken dönemlerden itibaren Osmanlı Devleti'nde erkekler tarafından ödenip kadınların kendisinin ya da çocuğu adına aldığı nafakalar ailenin geçimi adına önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. İslam hukukunu esas alan Osmanlı Devleti, evlilik içerisinde olduğu gibi boşanma sonrasında da ailenin nafakasının sağlanmasına önem vermiştir. 19. yüzyılda yaşanan modern gelişmeler ile birlikte bu durumu mahkemeye daha fazla taşıyan kadınlar, dolayısıyla bir hak arayışına girmişlerdir. Sosyal devlet anlayışının da bir gereği olarak devlet kadınların yanında durmaya çalışsa da bu konudaki sıkıntıları engelleyememiştir. Özellikle ailesini terk edip giden erkekler, bulunduktan sonra peşinen bir miktar nafaka sağlasalar da daha sonraki ödemelerini gerçekleştirmemişlerdir. Sonu gelmeyen bir bekleyiş içerisinde olan kadınlar, hem bu belirsizliği ortadan kaldırmak hem de omuzlarındaki ağır yükten kurtulmak istemişlerdir. Memleketine geri dönen ya da ailesinin geçim sıkıntısını sonlandırmaya çalışanlar olduğu gibi, onlarla görüşmek istemeyip boşananlar da vardır. Kimsesi olmayan aileler ile asker ailelerine ise, devlet gereken desteği sağlamıştır. Gerekirse askerlikten muaf tutmuştur. Özellikle 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru devletin içte ve dışta yaşadığı sorunlardan kaynaklanan, gayrimüslim ailelerin nafaka davalarında yaşadığı problemler ise, “tebaʻyı devlet-i milliyeye hâkim tabiʻi nesebinden” şeklinde birlik ve beraberlik sloganı ile çözülmeye çalışılmıştır.
“The Arrival of the Allied Fleet in Istanbul and Their Activities According to Turkish Press
Authors: YAVAŞ Mesut
Published: November 2022

This study aims to present the arrival and activities of the Allied Fleet in Istanbul after the Armistice of Mudros through the Turkish press of the period. In the study, the news in the press before the Navy's movement to Istanbul, the arrival of the Allied Fleet in Istanbul, its deployment, activities, the states that constitute the navy, and the types and technical characteristics of the ships in the navy are included. In addition, the actions and statements of the Allied Fleet officials in Istanbul and the reactions of the non-Muslims and Turks in the city were also mentioned. Other topics discussed in the study are the start of the occupations by the Allied soldiers and the relations of the representatives of the Allied States with the representatives of the Ottoman Government. Finally, how these developments were evaluated in the articles was examined. All these issues that constitute the content of the study were handled with their reflections in the newspapers of the period and evaluated from the narrative of the press.
A spectral analysis of the 21 May 1997, Jabalpur, India, earthquake (Mw= 5.8) and estimation of ground motion from future earthquakes in the Indian shield region
Authors: Singh S. K. , Ordaz M. , Dattatrayam R. S. , Gupta H. K.
Published: November 2022

The Jabalpur earthquake (23.08° N, 80.06° E, H = 36 km) is the first event in the Indian Peninsular shield region to be well recorded by a newly installed, 10-station, broadband seismographic network. Using these data, we estimate Q of Lg wave in the Indian shield region as Q = 508ƒ0.48 (1 ≦ ƒ ≦ 20 Hz). The corrected source spectrum, with M0 = 5.4 × 1024 dyne-cm (reported in the Harvard CMT catalog) and an ω2-source model, requires a stress parameter, Δσp, of ∼420 bar to explain high-frequency spectral level. The computed seismic energy from the records is 7.4 × 1020 erg, which yields an apparent stress and Brune stress drop of 62 and 270 bars, respectively.

The analysis of the Jabalpur earthquake provides some elements for the estimation of ground motions during future earthquakes in the Indian shield region. Based on the results of the Jabalpur earthquake and on studies of tectonically similar region of eastern North America, we assume that (1) the sources follow an ω2 model; (2) S waves dominate at R < 100 km, and Lg waves dominate at R ≧ 100 km; (3) Q(f) = 508ƒ0.48; (4) the ground motion is a bandlimited, finite-duration, Gaussian white noise; and (5) the effective duration of the ground motion equals ƒ−1c + 0.05R, where fc is the corner frequency. We apply random vibration theory (RVT) to compute various measures of ground motion, such as Amax and Vmax. At near-source distances, the source finiteness is approximately taken into account. The attenuation curves for 5.5 ≦ Mw ≦ 7 and for Δσp of 100-400 bar are presented. As expected, the predicted values (with Δσp ∼ 420 bar) agree reasonably well with the limited Jabalpur data. An Amax of ∼150 gal is predicted in the epicentral region of this earthquake. The predicted curves imply Δσp ≦ 100 bar for the Latur earthquake of 1993 (Mw = 6.1; H = 2.5 km) to explain Amax < 1 g and the reported isoseismal intensities in the epicentral region. For Koyna earthquake of 1967 (Mw 6.3), the inferred Amax and Vmax from isoseismal intensities and the recorded strong motions at the Koyna dam site are in agreement with the prediction curves for Δσp ∼ 100 bar. The RVT predictions seem reasonable but need validation from more strong-motion data, which is presently lacking.
A Single Case Study
Authors:   , Babb Yolanda , Haslip Micheal
Published: November 2022

A single case study design was used to explore college and career readiness (CCR) experiences, perspectives, and standards in one Title I elementary school in Brooklyn, New York. Given that much of the research and practice literature related to CCR focuses on middle and high school, the goal of the study was to better understand how elementary educators in a Title I school can also foster students' college and career readiness. The purpose of this study was to explore how Title I elementary educators understand and support college and career readiness and find areas to improve CCR in elementary school. The questions explored in this study are: (a) How does Title I funding support CCR in elementary education? (b) How does one Title I elementary school in New York City support CCR? (c) What can Title I elementary educators do better to improve college and career readiness? Data was collected from five individual interviews, one focus group interview with five participants, and document analysis using a school-wide observable notes and a checklist related to the six elementary components of CCR counseling by the National Office for School Counselor Advocacy. These findings concluded that elementary educators were unaware of how Title I funds supported CCR at their school. The elementary educators at the research site supported CCR skills by setting high academic expectations and by integrating SEL in academic lesson plans. To improve CCR in Title I elementary education, the findings also concluded that educators wanted more non-academic extracurricular and enrichment activities and programs, and SEL integration into the school's schedule. For this Title I elementary public charter school in NYC, the researcher made four major recommendations: (a) engage elementary educators and other stakeholders in conversations around ways Title I funding is used for CCR, (b) provide Title I elementary educators with professional training around understanding and implementing CCR, (c) implement non-academic enrichment and extracurricular activities and programs around career exploration, and (d) integrate soft-skills in elementary education using elements of SEL and CCR.
Phenomenological Study of Student Affairs and Academic Affairs Partnerships
Authors:   , Ryblewski Laura Anne , Lynch William
Published: November 2022

Based on research from ACPA and NASPA, many student affairs professionals believe that such partnerships bring multiple perspectives to solving problems, fostering inclusiveness, and affirming shared values in pursuing educational goals (ACPA and NASPA, 1997). This study explored academic and student affairs faculty and staff's perceptions of their current collaborative efforts in a context where they are expected to expand programs and services without increasing staff. The researcher's objective was to investigate individual life experiences and ideas to identify factors supporting or hindering student affairs and academic affairs professionals from building partnerships and fostering student success. The study included pre-focus group questionnaires, virtual focus group meetings of nine student affairs professionals, and a separate meeting of 11 academic affairs professionals. By examining their lived experiences, the goal was to determine faculty and staff perceptions regarding their partnerships, which would, in turn, identify areas where there may be room for improvement. This research examined the perceptions of collaboration between faculty and staff within a four-year comprehensive public university and, in addition, how the collaboration success or failure may affect student success and completion rates. Furthermore, it attempted to investigate potential courses of action that academic and student affairs professionals could take to further integrate student development efforts.
A Dream Deferred
Authors:   , Jackson Germany , Lewis Grant Kristine
Published: November 2022

This narrative study highlighted the experiences of former Black female student-athletes. It is assumed that most Black female student-athletes face barriers and obstacles that hinder their dreams of one day performing and participating at a high level in sports and employment. Their experiences with racial and gender inequity played a role in how their life trajectory unfolded. This study revealed the perspectives of multiple former Black female student-athletes and their journey through athletics and how it played a role in their life trajectory. Two series of one-on-one interviews was conducted to gain insight on each participant's experience as a Black female student-athlete. This study revealed the intersectionality that takes place revolving around gender and race and the challenges that are faced being both Black and a female student-athlete. The questions that will support in gaining insight and understanding of the participants are as follows: (1) How do former Black female student-athletes describe the dreams and aspirations that they held in their youth? (2) How do former Black female student-athletes describe the factors that helped in the pursuit of their dreams and aspirations? (3) How do former Black female student-athletes describe the factors that hindered the pursuit of their dreams and aspirations? By gaining a clear insight on each of the participants' experiences, the community of athletics as it is currently presented will have the opportunity to create and make changes that align to the success and equity of Black female student-athletes.
De justicia transicional a amor y común-unidad: contribuciones proféticas para un fundamento decolonial de la paz
Authors: Suárez-Krabbe Julia
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta unas formas de ver la justicia que pueden aportar a pensar cómo podrían forjarse unos nuevos fundamentos para generar estructuras sólidas de paz y justicia. La discusión se centra en la justicia transicional, que también es una manera de buscar o apoyar la construcción de la paz y la define como la concepción de justicia asociada con períodos de cambio político donde se reemplaza un régimen represivo por uno democrático. En esa transición, el sistema jurídico genera medidas específicas para responder a los actos injustos perpetrados durante los regímenes represivos. En esos momentos de cambio la justicia transicional es clave, pero no es la solución, y no debe ser confundida ni con la paz, ni con la justicia. El argumento central que se presenta es que en cuanto sigamos pensando la realidad dentro de los marcos de raciocinio de la justicia transicional, no estaremos viendo las posibilidades de cambio sustancial que existen fuera de este y se estará reproduciendo y reforzando los marcos que inhiben nuestra comprensión de la complejidad de la realidad y que impiden nuestra imaginación de futuros alternativos y, ante todo, justos. Pensar la justicia como expresión pública del amor (que es la definición de justicia del pensador Cornel West) y la libertad como expresión pública de común-unidad (que es una comprensión de libertad que he aprendido trabajando con Saúl Martínez, Mamo Kankuamo de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) nos abre otros caminos, otros horizontes, otras posibilidades. También son principios importantes para imaginarnos un fundamento decolonial de la paz.
Depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies in healthcare workers during the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Baniya Girish Chandra , Kumar Surender , Verma Kamala , Masuria Bhanwar Lal
Published: November 2022

Millions of individuals were mentally and physically harmed by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health-care workers are those who are most affected by the pandemic's psychological effects. This study examines the psychological effects of the second pandemic wave of Covid-19 on healthcare personnel in India and their coping strategies.

During the month of May 2021, a semi-structured online survey of healthcare workers in India was conducted. A total of 1340 healthcare workers participated in the study. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

Most participants (37.61%) were between the ages of 18 and 29, with 856 married (63.88%). Three hundred thirty-seven participants (25.15%) were resident doctors, while 1008 (75.22%) worked in government settings. 561 of the 1340 participants reported anxiety symptoms (41.87%). 536 (40.00%) of the participants reported depressive symptoms. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were also present in 423 participants (31.57%). Our study found a statistically significant difference between male and female depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms (p-value <0.05). Most participants relied on keeping expectations open and hopeful as a coping strategy (66.57%).

It is important to develop strategies to address the growing number of mental health problems. It is anticipated that healthcare worker education about coping strategies, effective coping mechanisms, and avenues for practical assistance will be beneficial.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients in Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Satyabrata , Dehury Suhasini , Mohapatra Sabita , Mohapatra Namita , Mohanty Prasanjit
Published: November 2022

Geriatrics is a speciality that focuses on healthcare of elderly people. Geriatric population is defined as people above 60 years of age. Geriatric population constitute 8.14% of total population in India. They have diverse physiological and pathological profiles which have an impact on the pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamic properties of the administered drug. Very often they are under polypharmacy due to multisystem involvement and thereby subjected to numerous drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. There are few studies conducted in India regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Geriatric Patients and none in Odisha. Hence this study aims to evaluate the cutaneous ADRs encountered in geriatric patients.

This hospital based observational study was conducted in Dept of Pharmacology in collaboration with Medicine and Skin &VD of SCB Medical College & Hospital. All geriatric patients (aged ≥ 60 yrs) diagnosed with ADR, from August 2017 to July 2018, were included. The detailed information of type of ADR and its characteristics were filled up in Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Form. The prevalence and profile of Cutaneous ADRs were studied. Their causality, severity and preventability were assessed by WHO-UMC System, Hartwig’s Severity Scale and Schumock Thornton Preventability Scale respectively.

A total of 102 geriatric ADRs were reported in 1 year, out of which 47% were Cutaneous ADRs. Out of the Cutaneous ADRs 73 % ADRs were probable, 62.5 % were Moderate in intensity and 58.3% of were definitely preventable. Rash (27%) was the most common cutaneous ADR detected.

Most of the ADRs were probably caused due to the drug, were moderate in intensity and definitely preventable.
Foreign body in ear, nose and throat: Three year experience in a teaching hospital in Central India
Authors: Jain Megha , Jain Nitin Kumar , Jain Vipin Kumar , Dandotiya Dileep , Ojha Sushil
Published: November 2022

Foreign body presentations in otolaryngology clinic are common and 11% of these were in emergency room of ENT hospitals. Paediatric populations were more commonly suffered from the ENT foreign bodies although adults were also suffered. Earlier studies have been done to found the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and complication related to ENT foreign bodies, however in recent past none of the studies were conducted in our hospital. Hence this study will plan to find out the prevalence among childrens and adults.

To evaluate the prevalence of ENT foreign bodies in paediatric and adult population along with its types, lodgment in different sites and clinical findings.

The present study was conducted in ENT department, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh. Total number of patients attending ENT OPD and casuality were 354 between May 2018 to May 2021 included in present study. In collected data, demographic evaluation, different types of foreign bodies, their lodgment site and clinical features were evaluated.

In our study maximum incidence were noted for foreign bodies of Nose 48.3% followed by 40.3% and 11.3% of Ear and Throat respectively and more common in 0-10 years of age in children with higher percentage of Nasal foreign bodies 34.7%. The types of foreign bodies which were common in both the children and adults were related to foodstuffs.

Presence of ENT foreign bodies are more common in children and type and site of lodgment of foreign bodies varied in different age band.
A cross sectional study of vitamin D status of 5-18 years children in a tertiary care of hospital
Authors: Mahore Ramniwas , Agarwal Anil K , Kushwah Arun , Singh Anand Pratap , Verma Pradeep
Published: November 2022

High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in pediatric population from different parts of the country. However, this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in children.

To assess the serum Vitamin D level and also to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Gwalior, a major northern city of Madhya Pradesh.

Cross sectional descriptive study

The serum 25(OH)D levels of 258 children from age five to below 18 years, attending the out-patient clinics of the hospital were analyzed from June 2021 to Dec 2021.

Data being non-parametric was presented as median and interquartile range. The group differences were computed by Mann Whitney U test. A p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

60% of the study population had insufficient levels of Vitamin D, with girls having significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D. Only 27% of adolescents had optimum level of serum Vitamin D.

A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and Vitamin D deficiency was found among the children living in the urban and sub urban areas of Gwalior city in northern Madhya Pradesh India.
Dosimetric analysis of 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy in patients with carcinoma oesophagus – Prospective study
Authors: Madhuri M Satya Priya , Ramakrishna Malladi , Krishna Kadarla
Published: November 2022

: To study the dosimetry and treatment plan of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in patients with carcinoma oesophagus.

: A prospective study was taken up in Department of Radiotherapy, from October 2017 to June 2019. A total 20 patients who achieved eligibility criteria was taken into study and both 3D CRT (3D Conformal Radiation Therapy)and VMAT(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ) plans was done in all patients. Dosimetric comparison is done between these two techniques.

Dose to spinal cord is significantly reduced with VMAT technique when compared to 3D CRT. VMAT plans in this study showed significantly reduced doses to heart, when compared to 3D CRT plans. VMAT plans decrease volume of lung receiving high dose(v20,dmean,v30,v40) compared to 3D CRT but at a cost of delivering low dose to more volume of lung (v5, v10, v15) resulting in serious complications like radiation pneumonitis.

VMAT plans are advisable in carcinoma oesophagus patients to achieve reduced doses to OARs(Organs at Risk) like Spinal Cord, Heart & Lung and better target coverage particularly in cervical esophagus where higher doses are planned.
Study of thyroid lesions based on cytological and histopathological comparison
Authors: Naganna S , Gupta Gunjan
Published: November 2022

Thyroid swelling is one of the most common indications for surgical excision. Since most of the swellings are benign and with euthyroid status, these patients do not require surgical excision. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, efficient, inexpensive and safe diagnostic method in these cases. FNAC has some limitations, particularly limited to representatives of samples and exact typing of benign and malignant neoplastic lesions. Thus, FNAC alone may not give a confirmative diagnosis regarding few thyroid lesions. Hence, histopathological study has been the standard technique for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.

To study the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid swellings and to correlate with histopathology so as to avoid unnecessary surgeries for benign lesions.

This was a prospective study done on 55 cases wherein Fine Needle Aspiration cytology was done followed by histopathology. The reports on both modalities were correlated and sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated.

In the present study, females (72.7%) outnumbered males (27.2%). Non neoplastic lesions constituted 83.3% in our study. Among Non-neoplastic lesions, Nodular goiter was most commonly reported and constituted 49% cases. The sensitivity and specificity for thyroid FNAC are reasonably good.

FNAC is a minimally invasive, low cost testing modality. It accurately diagnoses malignant thyroid lesions. It has good specificity and accuracy but is less sensitive in diagnosing definitive etiology. However, it is an important diagnostic test to guide the management of thyroid lesions.