bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in screening for major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders in women towards the end of their puerperium
Authors:   National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic, Horáková Anna , Nosková Eliška , Švancer Patrik , Marciánová Vladislava , Koliba Peter , Šebela Antonín
Published: March 2022

Objective: To assess the accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in screening for severe depression and other mental disorders in women at the end of puerperium. Materials and methods: We administered the Czech version of the EPDS to assess depressive symptoms and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to determine psychiatric diagnoses in 243 women at the end of their puerperium. Then, we determined the frequencies of severe depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders in our cohort. Furthermore, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and other diagnostic variables for the presence of severe depression and other psychiatric disorders for different threshold scores on EPDS. We evaluated the detection potential of EPDS for detecting monitored mental disorders by using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and determining the area under the curve. Results: Severe depressive disorder was present in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1–5.3%) of women. Any monitored mental disorder was present in 13.6% (95% CI: 9.8–18.5%). The best sensitivity/specificity ratio for detecting major depressive disorder was found for the EPDS threshold score ≥ 11; sensitivity was 83% (95% CI: 35–99%) and specificity was 79% (95% CI: 74–84%). The EPDS ≥ 11 then achieved a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI: 58–89%) and specificity of 82% (95% CI: 76–87%) for the detection of any mental disorder of interest. Conclusion: Our results showed that the Czech version of EPDS has good internal consistency, and the EPDS score ≥ 11 achieves the best combination of sensitivity and specificity values for detecting major depressive disorder. Screening with EPDS in women at the end of puerperium can detect psychiatric disorders other than severe major depression. Key words: Edinburgh postpartum depression scale – screening – perinatal mental health – puerperium – postpartum depression
Brain abscess as a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Regional Hospital Liberec, a.s., Czech Republic, Seinerová Anna , Kopáčková Marie , Buchvald Pavel , Pavlásek Jiří
Published: March 2022

Objective: Description of the case history of a brain abscess as a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. Case report: We discuss a woman of reproductive age who had inserted a non-hormonal intrauterine device for seven years and developed pelvic inflammatory disease with no response to antibiotic therapy. After surgery, some neurological symptoms led to a diagnosis of a brain abscess. Conclusion: Brain abscess is a rare but potentially lethal complication from pelvic inflammatory disease, needing prompt diagnosis and interdisciplinary cooperation. Key words: pelvic inflammatory disease – brain abscess – ectopic pregnancy – infertility – intrauterine device
Indocyanine green as a new trend in sentinel lymphatic node detection in oncogynecology
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nový Jičín Hospital AGEL a.s., Czech Republic, Novák Ondřej , Bartoš Pavel , Bučko Robert
Published: March 2022

Summary: In oncological surgery the importance of the sentinel node concept is increasing, as we are capable of reducing the surgical burden of patients and its associated morbidity and preserving adequate oncological safety at the same time. Recently, there has been development of lymph node mapping techniques, where the most promising method appears to be the immunofluorescent one using indocyanine green dye. This technique provides high sensitivity in sentinel node detection in comparison with other existing methods using a dye in combination with a radionuclide. The indocyanine green technique has several advantages, and at the same time, we can use this method in non-oncological indications in gynecological surgery. Key words: indocyanine green – sentinel lymphatic node – oncogynecology
An Observational Study Of Dengue Induced Hepatic Dysfunction Ina Tertiary Care Hospital Of Gkgh Bhuj
Authors: Barot Anurag , Patel Samarth , Chaudhary Hardik , Chauhan Yesha
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION: Dengue infection is a major health problem worldwide including our country. Globally the incidence of Dengue has grown dramatically in the recent years. Every year during the monsoon months and later, many parts of the country witness outbreak of dengue infection. 2020 was no exception and we experienced an outbreak of this vector borne disease in Bhuj. An analysis of these patients revealed that in addition to the classical features of fever, body ache, rash and thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency, there were other features such as liver dysfunction including a preferential rise of SGOT, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, gallbladder wall edema and pericholecystic fluid collection.OBJECTIVE: To study clinical, biochemical and radiological changes in the liver of patients with Dengue fever.METHOD: observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on a 50 suspected cases of Dengue fever admitted and diagnosed at GKGH hospital Bhuj in October 2020. Detailed history, clinical examination, biochemical parameters, radiological investigation for liver function was done in all patients. All patients were treated as per NVBDCP guidelines. RESULTS: all patients in our study had hepatic dysfunction in the form of elevated SGOT above normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that there are certain features of Dengue that are not known to be usually associated with it. The presence of raised liver enzymes in all patients (SGOT > SGPT), ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and gallbladder edema and pericholecystic fluid collection.
A Prospective Comparative Study Between Early And Interval Laparoscopic/open Cholecystectomy In Patients Of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Gajjar Jaimish , Patel Nirav. B. , Patel Tirth. D. , Parmar Brijesh. V.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE: The present study is designed to compare early and interval laparoscopic/open cholecystectomy in patients of acute cholecystitis. The comparison was done on the basis of parameters such as intraoperative difficulty, perioperative bile duct injury and bile leak, time taken for operation, postoperative atelectasis, postoperative wound infection, duration of hospital stay and postoperative pain. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective study conducted in Department of General surgery, GCS MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE from AUGUST 2018 to DECEMBER 2019. 56 patients were enrolled in the study from which 26 patients were randomly assigned to early lap/open cholecystectomy and 30 were assigned to interval lap/open cholecystectomy group. RESULT: There was no significant difference observed between the two groups. However, the duration of hospital stay was less in early laparoscopic/open cholecystectomy.  CONCLUSION: Both the methods, early and interval have no significant benefit over each other but through review of all literature, early lap/open cholecystectomy is found to be beneficial overall with less hospital stay.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS DIFERENTES MÉTODOS LABORATORIAIS APLICADOS A DETERMINAÇÃO DE FRAÇÕES DE COLESTEROL
Authors: Rangel Laura Peres Frontelmo , Silva Marcelly Tiffany Rosalino Pereira Da , Ladeira Rondinelli De Carvalho , Barreto Juliano Gomes
Published: March 2022

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares lideram os índices de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo, sendo a DAC(doença arterial coronariana) a principal causa de um grande número de mortes e custos em assistência médica. Considerando que a diminuição do LDL-c (colesterol-LDL) reduz proporcionalmente as doenças cardiovasculares, concentrações elevadas de LDL-c continuam sendo indicadas como alvo primário terapêutico nas dislipidemias, empregando métodos laboratoriais com o intuito de se obter o doseamento da fração de LDL-c e estratificar o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças coronarianas. Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão e limitações dos diferentes métodos laboratoriais de determinação das frações de colesterol pelas fórmulas de Friedwald(FF), Martin(FM) e Cordova(FCOR). Materiais e Métodos: Através de pesquisa exploratória/retrospectiva utilizando informações do banco de dados de um Laboratório público de Análises Clínicas do município de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, avaliando o histórico de 116 resultados dos testes de frações de Colesterol realizados através da fórmula de Friedwald(FF), e comparando às fórmulas de Martin e Cordova. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos com FF apresentaram média de 110,12mg/dL em níveis de TG(Triglicerídeos) até 200mg/dL, e média de 114,05mg/dL em amostras com TG acima de 200mg/dL. Os mesmos resultados pela FM apresentaram média de 112,71mg/dL, enquanto a FCOR apresentou média de 100,66mg/dL, ambos para dosagens de TG até 200mg/dL. Enquanto que para valores de TG entre 200–399mg/dL a FCOR apresentou média de 122,99 mg/dL, e a FM média de 127,33mg/dL. Conclusão: Com a presente pesquisa conclui-se que FM e FCOR apresentam maior acurácia para medir LDL-c quando os níveis de triglicerídeos estiverem acima de 200mg/dL, comparado a FF. A elevação dos níveis de TG diminuem a estimativa do LDL-c pela FF. FM também apresenta limitações quando níveis de TG encontram-se acima de 400mg/dL, logo concluímos que FCOR permite maior eficácia quando os valores de TG estiverem superiores à 200mg/dL-400mg/dL. Ressalta-se que se faz necessário a dosagem direta de LDL-c em amostras com diferentes níveis de TG para melhor avaliação de eficácia e segurança na utilização das fórmulas propostas, o que consiste em uma nova etapa já em andamento deste trabalho.
Een Bayesiaanse blik op gestratificeerde steekproeven heeft voordelen voor de auditor
Authors: Derks Koen , de Swart Jacques , Wetzels Ruud
Published: March 2022

Bayesiaanse statistiek is een manier om efficiëntie en transparantie bij gestratificeerde steekproeven te vergroten. De reden hiervoor is dat Bayesiaanse statistiek de auditor dwingt om expliciet te maken welke informatie en kennis gebruikt wordt bij de evaluatie van de steekproef. In dit artikel worden twee belangrijke vormen van voorkennis beschreven die de auditor moet valideren. Vervolgens zijn deze vormen van voorkennis vertaald naar statistische modellen, die worden gebruikt bij het doen van een gestratificeerde steekproef. Afsluitend wordt gedemonstreerd hoe sommige van die modellen kunnen leiden tot nauwkeurigere foutschattingen en een transparantere audit.
Data-analyse in de controlestandaarden; uitdagingen en ontwikkelingen
Authors: Eimers Peter , ter Steege Remco
Published: March 2022

Accountants moeten in hun jaarrekeningcontrole voldoen aan de algemeen aanvaarde controlestandaarden. Controlestandaarden1 die de basis vormen voor het werkprogramma van de accountant, geven de noodzakelijke kaders aan. Het omarmen van nieuwe technologie in de controle kan bij de accountant leiden tot onzekerheid over het voldoen aan deze controlestandaarden, die mogelijk niet de snelheid bijhouden van de ontwikkelingen in de praktijk. In de laatste paar jaren hebben deze controlestandaarden data-analyse inmiddels zichtbaar omarmd, hetgeen een belangrijke stimulans is voor accountants om data-analyse verder te integreren in de controleaanpak.
The Impact of Gender and Organizational Position on Faith-Work Integration
Authors: Daniels Denise , Ecklund Elaine Howard , Thomson Robert A. , Kalinowski Brenton
Published: March 2022

Despite a perceived increase in the salience of religion and spirituality in the workplace there is no empirical research that compares how men and women at different levels in their organizations engage their religious traditions in the context of their work. Drawing on a survey of 11,603 individuals we ask the following questions: To what extent do women and men across different organizational levels vary in the manner and degree they integrate their faith and work? Does this integration have an impact on variables important to organizations such as job satisfaction, job commitment, and burnout? Results show that employees' organizational level and gender are significantly related to the type and degree of faith engagement at work, with those at lower levels and men less likely to integrate faith and work. Faith integration at work is modestly related to job satisfaction, commitment, and burnout, with some likely reciprocal relationships identified.
Bakıcı İlanlarına Göre Ebeveynlerin Tercihleri, İş Tanımı ve Çalışma Koşulları Açısından Bakıcılık
Authors: ÜNALAN TURAN Sümeyra
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışma, sahibinden.com adlı web sitesinde yer alan çocuk bakıcılığı ilanları üzerinden çalışan ebeveynlerin çocuk bakım sorununa çözüm arayışlarını konu edinmektedir. Çalışmada ailelerin çocuk bakım ve eğitiminde karşılaştıkları zorluklar, bakıcı seçim kriterleri ile çocuk bakıcılarının görev tanımları, çalışma koşulları ve sosyal güvenlik durumlarını web sitesi içerisinde yer alan ilan metinleri üzerinden ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 1 Aralık 2019 ila 31 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında İstanbul ve Ankara şehirlerinden verilen 2009 bakıcılık ilanı, nitel veri toplama yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan doküman analizi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırmada bakıcıda aranan temel kriterler; referanslı olma, yakın muhitte oturma, sigara kullanmama, sakin mizaçlı olma, işveren ailenin kurallarına uyma, dinî-ideolojik talepler gibi temalar etrafında toplanırken bakıcı iş tanımının; çocuğun bakım, gelişim ve eğitimini desteklemekten yemek, temizlik, ütü gibi ev işlerini yapmaya kadar çok çeşitli ve kompleks işleri kapsayabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Yatılı bakıcılıkta iş tanımı daha belirsiz ve geniş kapsamlıdır. Aileler çalışanlara maaş ve çeşitli nakdî yardımların yanı sıra paternalist ilişkileri sürdürmelerini sağlayan maddi olmayan imkânlar da sunmaktadır. Araştırmada ayrıca Covid-19 salgınının başlamasıyla bakıcı seçim kriterleri ve iş tanımında değişimler meydana geldiği; uzaktan eğitime geçilmesiyle ailelerin eğitimci vasfı taşıyan personel arayışına girdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Abdülhak Dihlevî’de Tasavvuf- Fıkıh Münasebeti
Authors: Tay Ömer
Published: March 2022

Tasavvuf, İslâm kültürünün Hind alt kıtasında yayılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Nitekim Ortaçağ döneminde Hind alt kıtasındaki farklı tarikatlara mensup olan sûfîler, sadece Müslümanlar üzerinde derin etkiler bırakmakla kalmayıp, diğer dinlerin takipçileri üzerinde de önemli derecede etkiler bırakmışlardır. Bu sûfîlerden biri de çalışmamızın konusu olan Abdülhak Dihlevî’dir. Hindistan’ın önde gelen sûfîlerinden olan Abdülhak Dihlevî, hayatı boyunca zâhirî ve bâtınî ilimleri birleştirmeye gayret etmiştir. Araştırmamız Abdülhak ed-Dihlevî’nin tasavvuf -fıkıh ilişkisi bağlamındaki görüşlerini ele almayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle ana hatlarıyla Abdülhak Dihlevî’nin kişiliği, tasavvufî yönü ve tasavvuf alanındaki eserleri ele alınmış ardından onun görüşleri çerçevesinde tasavvuf ve fıkıh ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Dihlevî, tasavvuf ve fıkıh disiplinlerinin Kur’ân ve sünnetin kuralları çerçevesinde kaldıkları sürece, bir madalyonun iki yüzünden ibaret olduklarını savunmuştur. Fakihler dinîn zâhirî boyutunu, sûfîler ise derûnî boyutlarını bir disipline dönüştürmüşlerdir. Dihlevî, bazı tasavvufî kavramların fakihlerin ıstılahında bulunmamaları sebebiyle eleştirilmiş olsalar bile, sûfîlerin ictihat yoluyla dinin derûnî boyutunda ortaya koydukları riyâzet, semâ ve halvet gibi bazı kavram ve uygulamaların Kur’ân ve sünnet merkezli olduklarını, dolayısıyla meşru olduklarını ifade etmiştir.
Sultanın Mektubu: Osmanlı Hac Organizasyonunda Mekke Emirlerine Gönderilen Nâme-i Hümâyûnlar
Authors: Çakmak Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Osmanlı Devleti, her sene dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinden Haremeyn'e gelen hacıların güvenli bir şekilde hac yapabilmeleri için mutat tedbirler almaktaydı. Bu tedbirlerin alınması aynı zamanda Osmanlı Devletinin bölgedeki meşruiyetini sağlaması bakımından gerekliydi. Bu kapsamda Haremeyn hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde başat rol oynayan Mekke emirleri, kendilerine nâme-i hümâyûn(sultan mektubu) gönderilen imtiyazlı yöneticiler arasındaydı. Mekke emirlerine hitap eden bu nâme-i hümâyûnlar incelendiğinde hac yollarının ve hacıların himayesi, Kabe-i Muazzama'da gerekli tamir çalışmalarının yapılması, urban eşkıyasına karşı önlem alınması, surrenin usulüne uygun dağıtılması, ulema ve fukaranın gözetilmesi gibi hususlara temas edildiği görülmektedir. Osmanlı padişahlarının doğrudan Mekke emirlerini muhatap aldıkları bu mektuplarda bahsi geçen tembihler hac organizasyonuna verilen önemi göstermesi bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, hem arşiv belgeleri içerisinde önemli bilgileri içeren nâme-i hümâyûnları tanıtmayı hem de Mekke emirlerinin hac organizasyonundaki konumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Değişim ve Dönüşüm Kavramları Çerçevesinde Nübüvvetin Bireyin ve Toplumun İnşası Açısından Değeri
Authors: Okşar Yusuf , Çalışkan Necmettin
Published: March 2022

Tarihi bir gerçeklik olarak ortaya çıkan peygamberlik müessesesinin bireysel ve toplumsal düzlemde oluşturduğu anlam ve etki, risâletin temel gerekçesini oluşturmaktadır. Toplumlar, peygamberlerin gelişiyle bireysel ölçekte psikolojik, toplumsal düzeyde ise sosyo-kültürel bir meydan okumanın muhatabı olmuştur. Bu bağlamda peygamberin gelişiyle başlayan sürecin toplumun değişimine veya dönüşümüne olan katkısının ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, risâletin bireysel ve toplumsal ölçekte oluşturduğu değerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı için değişim ve dönüşüm kavramları arasındaki ayrım üzerinde durulmuştur. Betimsel nitelikli bu çalışmada literatür taraması, ulü’l-azm peygamberlerin risâleti çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca kutsal metinlerde ve kıssalarda yer alan peygamberlerin mücadelelerinin toplumsal düzeyde nasıl bir dönüşümü ortaya çıkardığı hususu araştırılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre peygamberlerin gelişi, toplumun değişimine süreç içerisinde önemli katkılar sunmuşsa da daha derin ve nitelikli değişimi ifade eden toplumsal dönüşümün beklenen oranda gerçekleşmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dönüşüm olgusunun sahâbi ve havari kavramlarına yüklenen anlam doğrultusunda değer kazandığı görülmüştür.
Savaşta İnsan Haklarının Korunmasının Dinî ve Ahlâkî Temelleri: İslam Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Topçuoğlu Ali Aslan
Published: March 2022

Günümüzde hukuk çalışmalarında insan hakların korunması, en fazla tartışılan aktüel konulardan birini teşkil etmektedir. İslam’ın temel kaynaklarında herhangi bir kayda gerek duyulmaksızın insanın, saygın ve dokunulmaz olduğu hususunda açık hükümler mevcuttur. İnsanın doğuştan getirdiği bu saygınlık ve dokunulmaz oluşu, onu hukukun muhatabı yaparak haklara sahip kılmıştır. Hatta şartların ağırlaştığı veya düşmanın kötü muamelesi karşısında bile İslam’ın oluşturduğu ve pratiğe yansıttığı dinî, ahlâkî ilkelerin devreye alınarak sadece sivil insanlara değil, aynı zamanda savaşan insanlara karşı da ortaya konan ilkesel duruş, Kur’an’ın Müslümanlara haksızlık yapmamak, karşı tarafın kötü muamelelerine rağmen adaletten ayrılmamak hususundaki uyarı ve emirlerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada insan haklarının korunması kapsamında İslam’da yasaklanmış olan savaşta muharip olmayan kişilere saldırma veya vücut bütünlüğüne karşı saldırı, savaşta işkence, rehinelere ve savaş esirlerine gayr-i insanî davranma, savaş esnasında öldürülen muhariplere kötü muamele, kadınları, çocukları ve din adamlarını öldürme gibi meseleler, dinî ve ahlâkî boyutuyla ele alınacaktır.
How Global is the Domestic Financial Cycle? Evidence from Romania and 3 other EEMS
Authors: MURARU Andreea , BEJENARU Cristina
Published: March 2022

This paper provides an analysis of the potential common influences behind the synchronicity of financial cycles in four EEMS: Romania, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. We checked if the common movements in these EEMS appear under the influence of the global financial cycle measured in terms of quantities - through capital flows - risk premiums and global risk aversion for investors.
The Slovak Long-Term Care System
Authors: Schmahl Gerda
Published: March 2022

Declining relative size of the working-age population, decreasing family-based care supply due to higher female labor force participation, and reduced family size will increase the demand and cost of long-term care (LTC). Governments in European countries have responded differently to these challenges.
Validation and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Neuromuscular disease Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) in patients with oro-pharygo-esopha-geal dysphagia in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Sakin Y.S. , Umay E , Tanoglu A , Erdal H , Koc G , Gundogdu I
Published: March 2022

Objective: Dysphagia is one of the most disabling conditions arising from neuromuscular disorders(NMD). There is no specific methods to use in the evaluation of dysphagia in NMD patients. We aimed both to evaluate the applicability of the Neuromuscular Disease Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) for dysphagia in all phases of swallowing in various NMD patients and to investigate psychometric properties of this scale.

Methods: Patients with NMD were enrolled. Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), NdSSS and High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry (HRM) were performed on all subjects within 72 hours. While the convergent and concurrent validities were used as validation method, Cohen’s kappa and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were calculated for inter-rater reliability. The correlation between FOIS, PAS and HRM diagnosis according to Chicago version 3.0 (CCv3) were analyzed.

Results: 115 NMD patients were included. There was good correlation between NdSSS and FOIS and PAS scores (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r):0.927, r:0.927 and r:-0.836, r:0.841, respectively). Also, there was a positive good correlation between NdSSS and CCv3 evaluating disorders of esophageal peristalsis (r:0.677-0.679, p=0.001). When evaluated separately, there were good correlation between NdSSS levels; and PAS (r:-0.648-0.656); and CCv3 (r:0.514-0.573) levels for ALS. For Myasthenia gravis there was a good correlation between NdSSS levels; and CCv3 (r:0.577-0.622); FOIS (r:0.508-0.521); and PAS (r:-0.504-0.519) scores. Also, for myopathy; a very good(CCv3(0.976-0.982)) and good(FOIS (0.511-0.581) and (PAS (-0.516-0.550)) correlations were defined for myopathy.

Conclusion: The NdSSS was found applicable to detect both oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia risk in patients with NMD and is a valid and reliable swallowing screening tool that can evaluate oro-pharyngo-esophageal dysphagia in NMD patients.
GPR, King’s Score and S-Index are superior to other non-invasive fibrosis
markers in predicting the liver fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis B patients
Authors: Ekin N , Ucmak F , Ebik B , Tugba Tuncel E , Kacmaz H , Arpa M , Engin Atay A
Published: March 2022

Background and study aims: In this study, we investigated the efficacy of nine non-invasive fibrosis markers in the assessment of the degree of fibrosis in patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) in comparison with liver biopsy.

Patients and methods: A total of 1454 untreated CHB patients from two different centers who underwent liver biopsy were included in the study. Laboratory results of patients were reviewed retrospectively and the pathology slides were re-evaluated in accordance with the Ishak score. Degree of fibrosis ≥ 3 was accepted as “significant fibrosis”, ≥ 4 as “advanced fibrosis”, and ≥ 5 as cirrhosis. The diagnostic performance of the markers Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), Aspartate aminotransferase to Alanine aminotransferase Ratio (AAR), AAR to Platelet Ratio Index (AAPRI), Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio (GPR), King’s Score, Fibro quotient (Fibro-Q), S Index and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were evaluated with ROC analysis.

Results: In detecting significant fibrosis, APRI, GPR, King’s Score and S Index had AUROC values over 0.70. For advanced fibrosis, all of the models except AAPRI; and for cirrhosis, all of the models had AUROC values over 0.70. In accordance with the chosen staging system, GPR, King’s Score and S Index had high diagnostic efficacy whereas APRI, FIB-4, FibroQ and PLR had moderate diagnostic efficacy, AAR and AAPRI had low diagnostic efficacy.

Conclusions: GPR, King’s Score and S Index had moderate diagnostic performance in detecting significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis, and high diagnostic performance in detecting cirrhosis.
Pendampingan pastoral bagi pasangan suami istri yang mengalami konflik yang berakar pada kemarahan dan stress dalam pernikahan
Authors: Fuaddin Bun Hui
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini merupakan sebuah penelitian pustaka yang memaparkan konsep pendampingan pastoral bagi pasangan suami istri yang mengalami konflik dalam pernikahan. Untuk memaparkan hal tersebut, penulis menyajikan pelbagai informasi dari sumber primer berupa wawancara dengan pasangan suami istri  yang mengalami konflik dalam pernikahan. Penulis juga menyajikan informasi dari sumber sekunder terkait topik penelitian yang selanjutnya dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan, Penulis menemukan bahwa konflik yang dialami pasangan suami itu berakar pada kemarahan dan stress.  Pasangan suami istri yang mengalami kemarahan dan stress dalam pernikahan membutuhkan pendampingan pastoral dalam menghadapi situasi dalam kehidupan pernikahan mereka, karena tidak mudah untuk menyelesaikan kedua hal tersebut dengan baik dan sehat. Konseling pastoral untuk menyikapi pasangan suami istri yang mengalami kemarahan dan stress dalam pernikahan perlu diberikan sejak konseling pranikah, saat suami istri mulai mendapati bahwa ada masalah di dalam cara mereka menyelesaikan konflik dan terus diberikan saat mereka mulai menjalani kehidupan pernikahan mereka.
Strategi gereja-gereja daerah menyikapi tantangan pelayanan
Authors: Pambayun Kaventius
Published: March 2022

Tugas pokok gereja adalah memberitakan Injil Kristus dan menggembalakan murid-murid-Nya (Mat. 28:19). Dalam melaksanakan dua tugas pokok tersebut, gereja Tuhan diperhadapkan pada tantangan-tantangan yang harus dihadapi, karena itulah realita pelayanan gereja Tuhan di tengah dunia ini (lihat Mat.10:6). Itu jugalah yang dihadapi oleh gereja-gereja di daerah pedalaman, khususnya Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, gereja perlu memikirkan strategi yang kuat, efektif dan tepat sasaran (kontekstual), namun  tetap berlandaskan kebenaran Alkitab. Apapun kondisinya, gereja harus tetap misioner, karena itulah alasan keberadaannya di tengah dunia ini, yaitu untuk membawa Kabar Baik dari Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitik. Dalam penelitian ini, strategi yang ditawarkan adalah: penginjilan ke dalam gereja, pemuridan, pelatihan untuk penginjilan, pendampingan untuk praktik penginjilan, penginjilan ke luar.
How to Determine Equipment Accuracy for Test Method Specs
Authors:   Heather Wade Group, LLC, Wade Heather A
Published: March 2022

Often, published test methods give guidance as to the type of test equipment needed to perform a test, but do not always clearly specify the accuracy requirements of test equipment to be used for that test. One might go on a research expedition to determine if other reference exist that provide the guidance on the needed test equipment specifications. So how do we know the appropriate test equipment accuracy for use in a test? For example, a test method might specify an instrument "with readability to 0.01 units". Does that mean the instrument needs to be accurate to 0.01 units? No! And it can be expensive to buy an instrument to meet an accuracy that is tighter than you really need. Conversely, it can be a waste of money and impart too much risk to get test equipment that is not accurate enough. Learn how to interpret test method specifications and determine the most appropriate test equipment, and subsequently the calibration needs of the test equipment.
Calibration of Residual Current Device (RCD) Testers
Authors:   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Yang Steven , Chau Y.C.
Published: March 2022

Residual current devices (RCDs) are commonly used in low voltage electric power systems, including our household, as protective devices against electric shock. They monitor the balancing current between the live and neutral terminals and will trigger the relay to disconnect the load from the power line when a leakage current is detected. The functional test of RCDs can be performed by an RCD tester, which emulates a residual leakage current between the live and the earth terminals, and to measure the tripping time of RCDs under different defined test scenarios. At the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL), a traceable RCD tester calibration system was developed in-house. With the application of digital sampling technique, all the major functions of RCD tester can be calibrated, including: trip time, AC residual current, residual pulsating DC current with a superimposed DC current and AC residual current in a stepwise ramping up pattern. The system uses an adjustable earth current leakage relay, which can provide an easy way to test a wide range of trip time and residual current. The in-house developed off time delay circuit can support the testers designed for type S RCDs testing. A bank of non-inductive resistors is available for accurate and traceable calibration of residual current. Details of the developed system and the associated uncertainty evaluation are presented in the paper.
Implementation of mycorrhizal mechanisms into soil carbon model improves the prediction of long-term processes of plant litter decomposition
Authors: Huang Weilin , van Bodegom Peter M. , Viskari Toni , Liski Jari , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Ecosystems have distinct soil carbon dynamics, including litter
decomposition, depending on whether they are dominated by plants featuring
ectomycorrhizae (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM). However, current soil
carbon models treat mycorrhizal impacts on the processes of soil carbon
transformation as a black box. We re-formulated the soil carbon model Yasso15 and incorporated impacts of
mycorrhizal vegetation on topsoil carbon pools of different recalcitrance.
We examined alternative conceptualizations of mycorrhizal impacts on
transformations of labile and stable carbon and quantitatively assessed the
performance of the selected optimal model in terms of the long-term fate of
plant litter 10 years following litter input. We found that mycorrhizal impacts on labile carbon pools are distinct from
those on recalcitrant pools. Plant litter of the same chemical composition
decomposes slower when exposed to EM-dominated ecosystems compared to
AM-dominated ones, and across time, EM-dominated ecosystems accumulate more
recalcitrant residues of non-decomposed litter. Overall, adding our
mycorrhizal module into the Yasso model improved the accuracy of the
temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration predictions. Our results suggest that mycorrhizal impacts on litter decomposition are
underpinned by distinct decomposition pathways in AM- and EM-dominated
ecosystems. A sensitivity analysis of litter decomposition to climate and
mycorrhizal factors indicated that ignoring the mycorrhizal impact on
decomposition leads to an overestimation of climate impacts on decomposition
dynamics. Our new model provides a benchmark for quantitative modelling of
microbial impacts on soil carbon dynamics. It helps to determine the
relative importance of mycorrhizal associations and climate on litter
decomposition rate and reduces the uncertainties in estimating soil carbon
sequestration.
A retrospective on hydrological catchment modelling based on half a century with the HBV model
Authors: Seibert Jan , Bergström Sten
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Hydrological catchment models are important tools that
are commonly used as the basis for water resource management planning. In
the 1960s and 1970s, the development of several relatively simple models to
simulate catchment runoff started, and a number of so-called conceptual (or
bucket-type) models were suggested. In these models, the complex and
heterogeneous hydrological processes in a catchment are represented by a
limited number of storage elements and the fluxes between them. While computer limitations were a major
motivation for such relatively simple models in the early days, some of these models are still used frequently despite the vast increase in computational opportunities. The HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model, which was first applied about 50 years ago in Sweden, is a typical
example of a conceptual catchment model and has gained large popularity since its inception. During several model intercomparisons, the HBV model
performed well despite (or because of) its relatively simple model
structure. Here, the history of model development, from thoughtful
considerations of different model structures to modelling studies using
hundreds of catchments and cloud computing facilities, is described.
Furthermore, the wide range of model applications is discussed. The aim is
to provide an understanding of the background of model development and a
basis for addressing the balance between model complexity and data
availability that will also face hydrologists in the coming decades.
Flow characteristics analysis of a balanced valve distribution double-row axial piston pump
Authors: He Tao , Li Zhipeng , Deng Haishun , Chen Qiangman , Wang Chuanli , Zhao Kaiping
Published: March 2022

Abstract. To study the flow characteristics of a new swashplate
rotary valve distribution double-row axial piston pump, an instantaneous
flow model was developed for the pump, the influences of structural
parameters on the flow pulsation and uneven coefficient of flow were
determined, and the ideal plunger distribution parameters were derived. On
this basis, a valve distribution model was developed for the pump, the flow
superposition process in the plunger cavity was analyzed, and the high-speed
switching valve's control strategy was optimized. Additionally, the effects
of parameters such as the plunger motion frequency, the plunger cavity's
dead zone volume, the spool valve's preloading force, and the spool's equivalent mass on the flow characteristics were studied. The results show that the new
pump had a small flow pulsation when there were five plungers in both the
inner and outer rows and the dislocation angle was 18∘. The
plunger's reverse-suction effect at the moment when the discharge valve
opened and the suction valve closed and the plunger cavity's dead zone
volume size were the primary factors affecting the size of the pump's flow
spike. The discharge valve's opening was delayed by 3 ms to be consistent
with the suction valve's closing time; for this case, the flow peak was
small and the volumetric efficiency was the highest. The discharge valve
began to close 2 ms early and closed completely at the critical point when
the plunger transferred from the discharge stroke to the suction stroke,
which helped the suction valve to open on time and improved the pump's oil
absorption capacity. The active opening and closing control of the discharge
valve improved the coordination of the flow distribution to a large extent,
reduced the hysteresis of the suction valve, and ultimately improved the
pump's volumetric efficiency and flow stability. The results of this study
can provide theoretical guidance for the flow control of balanced double-row
axial piston pumps with valve distribution.
PISM-LakeCC: Implementing an adaptive proglacial lake boundary in an ice sheet model
Authors: Hinck Sebastian , Gowan Evan J. , Zhang Xu , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: March 2022

Abstract. During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene retreat of paleo-ice sheets in North America and Europe, vast proglacial lakes existed along the land terminating margins.
These proglacial lakes impacted ice sheet dynamics by imposing boundary conditions analogous to a marine terminating margin.
Such lacustrine boundary conditions cause changes in the ice sheet geometry, stress balance and frontal ablation and therefore affect the mass balance of the entire ice sheet.
Despite this, dynamically evolving proglacial lakes have rarely been considered in detail in ice sheet modeling endeavors.
In this study, we describe the implementation of an adaptive lake boundary in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), which we call PISM-LakeCC.
We test our model with a simplified glacial retreat setup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS).
By comparing the experiments with lakes to control runs with no lakes, we show that the presence of proglacial lakes locally enhances the ice flow, which leads to a lowering of the ice sheet surface.
In some cases, this also results in an advance of the ice margin and the emergence of ice lobes.
In the warming climate, increased melting on the lowered ice surface drives the glacial retreat.
For the LIS, the presence of lakes triggers a process similar to marine ice sheet instability, which caused the collapse of the ice saddle over Hudson Bay.
In the control experiments without lakes, Hudson Bay is still glaciated when the climate reaches present-day (PD) conditions.
The results of our study demonstrate that glacio-lacustrine interactions play a significant role in the retreat of land terminating ice sheet margins.
Seasonal land ice-flow variability in the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Boxall Karla , Christie Frazer D. W. , Willis Ian C. , Wuite Jan , Nagler Thomas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Recent satellite-remote sensing studies have documented the multi-decadal acceleration of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in response to rapid rates of concurrent ice-sheet retreat and thinning. Unlike the Greenland Ice Sheet, where historical, high temporal resolution satellite and in situ observations have revealed distinct changes in land ice flow across intra-annual timescales, similar seasonal signals have not previously been observed in Antarctica. Here, we use high spatial and temporal resolution Copernicus Sentinel-1A/B synthetic aperture radar observations acquired between 2014 and 2020 to provide the first evidence for seasonal flow variability of the land ice feeding George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS), Antarctic Peninsula. Our observations reveal a distinct austral summertime (December – February) speedup of ~0.06 ± 0.005 m d-1 (~22 ± 1.8 m yr-1) at, and immediately inland of, the grounding line of the glaciers nourishing the ice shelf, which constitutes a mean acceleration of ~15 % relative to baseline (timeseries-averaged) rates of flow. These findings are corroborated by independent, optically derived velocity observations. Regional contrasts in the onset of ice-flow acceleration and the overall timing of the speedup events across GVIIS fingerprint oceanic forcing as the primary control of this seasonality. Our findings imply that analogous ice-ocean interactions may be ongoing at the grounding lines of other ocean-vulnerable outlet glaciers around Antarctica. Assessing the degree of seasonal ice-flow variability at such locations is important for quantifying Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea-level rise.
Experimental study of the effect of a slat on the aerodynamic performance of a thick base airfoil
Authors: Viré Axelle , LeBlanc Bruce , Steiner Julia , Timmer Nando
Published: March 2022

Abstract. There is continuous effort to try and improve the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades. This experimental study focusses on the addition of a passive slat on a thick airfoil typically used in the inboard part of commercial wind turbine blades. Nine different slat configurations are considered, with both a clean and tripped main airfoil. The results are compared with the performance of the airfoil without slat, as well as the airfoil equipped with vortex generators. It is found that, when the airfoil
is clean, the increase in lift-to-drag ratio due to the presence of a slat is larger than when vortex generators are used. This is also true for the tripped airfoil but only at small angles of attack. As expected, in all configurations, the presence of the slat delays flow separation and stall. Finally, for a clean airfoil and small angles of attack, the slat decreases the lift-to-drag ratio of the main airfoil only. By contrast, as the angle of attack increases, it seems that the slat changes the flow field around the main airfoil in such a way that its lift-to-drag ratio becomes larger than for the airfoil without slat. These effects are less pronounced when the airfoil is tripped. This work helps to better understand the role of a slat in improving the aerodynamics of blade sections. It can also be used to validate simulation tools in the field.
TRATAMENTO DA VINHAÇA COM CARVÃO ATIVADO E REUSO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL
Authors: Madaleno Leonardo Lucas , Sales José Afredo , Teixeira Josiane Rocha , De Paula Nádia Figueiredo
Published: March 2022

O reuso das águas residuárias, produzidas nos processos industriais, contribui para reduzir a utilização de água de recursos naturais. A vinhaça, um dos subprodutos mais importantes na produção de etanol, poderia ser reutilizada na fermentação etanólica, no entanto, apresenta restrições por inibir as leveduras durante o processo fermentativo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar o carvão ativado feito com resíduos da própria cana para tratamento da vinhaça. O líquido resultante do tratamento foi empregado no preparo do mosto, na diluição do melaço. O carvão ativado foi elaborado com três matérias-primas diferentes: bambu, bagaço, palha de cana. Não se conseguiu obter carvão ativado da palha e este tratamento foi substituído pelo uso de carvão comercial. A vinhaça tratada com carvão foi comparada à vinhaça in natura e água deionizada no preparo do mosto e processo fermentativo. Verificou-se que o uso da vinhaça natural prejudicou o processo fermentativo. Os diferentes tipos de carvões testados possuíram potencialidade de uso no processo fermentativo, pois a produção de etanol aumentou em média 66% em relação a vinhaça natural, no entanto, menor em 2,6 vezes em relação ao uso da água deionizada com água de diluição. Por isso, novos estudos devem ser realizados para aprimoramento no uso de carvão ativado para tratamento da vinhaça e uso na diluição do mosto.
AQUAPONIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Alves de Andrade Luana , Bovério Maria Aparecida , Camilotti Fábio , Borges Fernanda de Freitas
Published: March 2022

A aquaponia se origina do conjunto de dois sistemas de produção, a aquicultura e a hidroponia. Com o aumento da população e o crescente consumo por alimentos, torna cada vez mais eficiente a utilização desses sistemas, por colaborar com a segurança alimentar e diminuição do consumo de água devido ao seu reuso e, também, contribuindo na questão ambiental. Muitos lugares sofrem com a escassez de água, por isso essa técnica de recirculação seria uma forma de minimizar esse problema. Dentro do sistema encontramos bactérias nitrificantes responsáveis pelo processo de nitrificação dos resíduos metabólicos e as raízes das plantas filtram a água, retornando limpa para os peixes. Ao se alimentarem de ração produzirão excretas contendo amônia, que serão transformadas pelas bactérias nitrificantes em nitrito e depois em nitrato, sendo absorvida pelas raízes das plantas fazendo um ciclo. Os resíduos sólidos gerados no próprio sistema podem ser reaproveitados como adubo para a jardinagem. O cultivo é feito sem insumos agrícolas e, por isso, o custo de produção é baixo. Com a utilização desses sistemas domésticos, as famílias obtêm seu próprio alimento (peixes e hortaliças) para sua subsistência, podendo ainda agregar uma pequena renda. Dessa forma, torna o sistema sustentável ambientalmente e socioeconomicamente. A aquaponia está relacionada com vários Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, como Erradicação da Pobreza, Fome Zero e Agricultura Sustentável, Educação de Qualidade, Água Potável e Saneamento e Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis.
Konstruksi Identitas Di Era Media Baru: Youtube
Authors: Hayati Laila , Herdiyanti Herdiyanti , Saputra Putra Pratama
Published: March 2022

The advanced technology has driven society to the new civilization: human civilization of new media. Currently, the new media can facilitate human beings in maintaining the relationship among them. Social media is one of examples of a well-known new media. The study aims to analyze the role of new media in constructing the users’ identity. The Qualitative phenomenological research was employed to conduct the study. Observation and interview were applied to collect the data. The function of Youtube has transformed from the platform of exchanging information through video to the platform of constructing the users’ identity. It occurs when viewers of Youtube participate actively in following the particular content that forms viewers’ identity based on content they watch. Finally, the identity construction formed by the viewers of Youtube leads to the fake identity and create the inappropriate values or social norms of society.
Undersköterskors perspektiv på att främja fysisk aktivitet hos personer på demensboende
Authors: Kubicka Anna , Kåreholt Ingemar
Published: March 2022

Studien undersöker undersköterskors uppfattningar om att främja fysisk aktivitet hos personer på demensboende. Vi gjorde individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio undersköterskor och bearbetade det insamlade materialet med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen ledde fram till fyra kategorier av uppfattningar: attityder påverkar möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet kunskap och samverkan ger förutsättningar att lyckas omgivningen påverkar möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet demens är en sjukdom och det finns en person bakom Undersköterskorna anser att det är viktigt att vara engagerad och kompetent, samt att vissa personliga egenskaper är särskilt gynnsamma för att lyckas i arbetet. Genom ett individanpassat arbetssätt kan fysisk aktivitet främjas trots hinder skapade av demenssjukdom. Samverkan kring personen med demens underlättar och god fysisk miljö ökar tillgängligheten till aktivitet. Tillräcklig bemanning är en förutsättning för att kunna främja fysisk aktivitet.   Nursing assistants’ perception of promoting physical activity in care-homes specialised in dementia The study investigates nursing assistants’ perception of promoting physical activity in people living in care-homes specialized in dementia. We conducted nine individual semi-structured interviews. The collected material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis lead up to four categories of perceptions: staffs’ attitudes affect opportunities for physical activity knowledge and cooperation give presumptions to succeed the environment affects the opportunities for physical activity dementia is is a disease and there is a person behind the disease The nursing assistants perceive that commitment and perseverance are required and that certain personal qualities are particularly favourable for success. A person-centered approach is needed to overcome obstacles created by the disease. Cooperation as well as having the opportunity to receive support facilitates and a suitable physical environment increases accessibility to activity. Sufficient staffing is essential to be able to promote physical activity.
Bigotry in Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) Analysis
Authors: W. Sampoornam
Published: March 2022

Last observation carried forward is a common statistical approach to the analysis of longitudinal repeated measures data where some follow-up observations may be missing. To accurately estimate the magnitude of treatment efficacy, caution should be observed regarding the LOCF analytical bias. To conciliate with this challenge, several imputation methods have been developed in the literature to handle missing values where the most commonly used are complete case method, mean imputation method, last observation carried forward (LOCF) method and multiple imputation (MI) method. Subsequently after rigorous review, this paper concludes that LOCF method has more bias than the other three methods in most situations.