bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The local period integrals and essential vectors
Authors: Jo Yeongseong
Published: December 2022

By applying the formula for essential Whittaker functions established by Matringe and Miyauchi, we study five integral representations for irreducible admissible generic representations of GLnoverp‐adic fields. In each case, we show that the integrals achieve local formalL‐functions defined by Langlands parameters, when the test vector is associated to the new form. We give the relation between local periods involving essential Whittaker functions and special values of formalL‐factors at for certain distinguished or unitary representations. The period integrals are also served as standard nonzero distinguished forms.
Global boundedness and asymptotics of a class of prey‐taxis models with singular response
Authors: Lyu Wenbin , Wang Zhi‐An
Published: December 2022

This paper is concerned with a class of singular prey‐taxis models in a smooth bounded domain under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The main challenge of analysis is the possible singularity as the prey density vanishes. Employing the technique of a priori assumption, the comparison principle of differential equations and semigroup estimates, we show that the singularity can be precluded if the intrinsic growth rate of prey is suitably large and hence obtain the existence of global classical bounded solutions. Moreover, the global stability of co‐existence and prey‐only steady states with convergence rates is established by the method of Lyapunov functionals.
High Q‐factor anapole mode based on localized spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Qin Pengfei , Li Er‐Ping
Published: December 2022

Recently, localized spoof surface plasmon polaritons (LSSPPs) have emerged as a new research frontier due to their unique properties and potential applications in integrated circuits. The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic response different from electric and magnetic dipoles. Anapole is the nonradiating source produced by the interference between identical radiation patterns of toroidal and electric dipoles in the far field. This paper proposes a novel high Q‐factor compact planar resonator consisting of split‐ring resonators to support the LSSPPs anapole at microwave frequency, which shows an apparent nonradiating charge–current configuration. In simulation and measurement, we observe the nonradiating property of the anapole mode. Further, we demonstrate that the LSSPPs anapole resonance has the tunable property, which is very sensitive to structural changes. These might lead to potential applications in the design of plasmonic deformation sensors, cloaking, and absorbers.
Towards optimal synchronization in NFV‐based environments
Authors: Alomari Zakaria , Zhani Mohamed Faten , Aloqaily Moayad , Bouachir Ouns
Published: December 2022

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is known for its ability to reduce deployment costs and improve the flexibility and scalability of network functions. Due to processing capacity limitations, the infrastructure provider may need to instantiate multiple instances of the same network function. However, most of network functions are stateful, meaning that the instances of the same function need to keep a common state and hence the need for synchronization among them. In this paper, we address this problem with the goal of identifying the optimal synchronization pattern between the instances in order to minimize the synchronization costs and delay. We propose a novel network function named Synchronization Function able to carry out data collection and further minimize these costs. We first mathematically model this problem as an integer linear program that finds the optimal synchronization pattern and the optimal placement and number of synchronization functions that minimize synchronization costs and ensure a bounded synchronization delay. We also put forward three greedy algorithms to cope with large‐scale scenarios of the problem, and we explore the possibility to migrate network function instances to further reduce costs. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms efficiently find near‐optimal solutions with minimal computation time and provide better results compared to existing solutions.
Application of Thermal Response Measurements to Investigate Enhanced Water Adsorption Kinetics in Ball‐Milled C2N‐Type Materials
Authors: Du Shengjun , Leistenschneider Desirée , Xiao Jing , Dellith Jan , Troschke Erik , Oschatz Martin
Published: December 2022

Sorption‐based water capture is an attractive solution to provide potable water in arid regions. Heteroatom‐decorated microporous carbons with hydrophilic character are promising candidates for water adsorption at low humidity, but the strong affinity between the polar carbon pore walls and water molecules can hinder the water transport within the narrow pore system. To reduce the limitations of mass transfer, C2N‐type carbon materials obtained from the thermal condensation of a molecular hexaazatriphenylene‐hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN) precursor were treated mechanochemically via ball milling. Scanning electron microscopy as well as static light scattering reveal that large pristine C2N‐type particles were split up to a smaller size after ball milling, thus increasing the pore accessibility which consequently leads to faster occupation of the water vapor adsorption sites. The major aim of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of thermal response measurements to track these enhanced kinetics of water adsorption. The adsorption rate constant of a C2N material condensed at 700 °C remarkably increased from 0.026 s−1 to 0.036 s−1 upon ball milling, while maintaining remarkably high water vapor capacity. This work confirms the advantages of small particle sizes in ultramicroporous materials on their vapor adsorption kinetics. It is demonstrated that thermal response measurements are a valuable and time‐saving method to investigate water adsorption kinetics, capacities, and cycling stability.
Fiscal Exchange and Tax Compliance: Evidence From a Field Experiment
Authors: Schächtele Simeon , Eguino Huáscar , Roman Soraya
Published: December 2022

Behavioral interventions appealing to taxpayers’ reciprocity often leave tax compliance unaffected. We provide evidence that a “fiscal exchange nudge” increased tax compliance in a setting where one might not expect it: crisis‐ridden Argentina. In a randomized controlled trial with over 20,000 taxpayers, a tax bill visually celebrating realized public works benefiting children increased payment rates of tax delinquents by about 20 percent, or almost 40 percent when the bills were delivered in person. Without the appeal, the new bill design generated significantly fewer payments. Changes in the design of the tax bill also increased arrears cancellation. We estimate the ratio of marginal revenues to costs for the fiscal exchange bill to be 18. The factors we associate with the unexpectedly positive impacts are consistent with strengthening an affective response. We find persistent effects of the experiment two years later. The results suggest that communities have more scope to increase tax revenues through non‐threatening interventions.
Device operation of P‐ion‐implanted n‐BaSi2/p‐Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Aonuki Sho , Yamashita Yudai , Limodio Gianluca , Narita Shunsuke , Takayanagi Kaori , Iwai Ai , Toko Kaoru , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo , Suemasu Takashi
Published: December 2022

We formed phosphorous(P)‐ion‐implanted n‐BaSi2 films on p‐Si(111) substrates and demonstrated solar‐cell functionality of the n‐BaSi2/p‐Si heterojunction under AM1.5 illumination. The BaSi2 films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by implantation of P ions to the BaSi2 films using PF3 gas at an energy of 10 keV and a dose of 1 × 1014 cm−2. Subsequent postannealing was conducted at 500°C in Ar for different durations (t = 30–480 s) to activate the P atoms. The diffusion coefficient for P atoms in BaSi2 was evaluated from the depth profiles of P atoms by secondary‐ion mass spectrometry. The activation energies of lattice and grain boundary diffusion were found to be 1.1 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.6 eV, respectively. From the analysis of Raman and photoluminescence spectra, the ion implantation damage was recovered by the postannealing. For one treated sample with t = 120 s, the internal quantum efficiency reached 67% at a wavelength of 870 nm. This is the highest ever achieved for n‐BaSi2/p‐Si heterojunction solar cells. Ion implantation is thus applicable to BaSi2 films grown by any other method. This achievement thereby opens a new route for the formation of BaSi2 solar cells.
Mechanically tunable supramolecular polymer networks with different triblock backbones
Authors: Yang Xue , Bai Ruixue , Zhang Zhaoming , Liu Yangang , Yan Xuzhou
Published: December 2022

Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) have attracted much research attention due to their good performance in the preparation of adaptive materials. Controlling the distribution of supramolecular interactions in the networks is a good strategy to tune the properties of SPNs, but corresponding study is still rare. Herein, we construct two triblock copolymers in ABA and BAB forms to control the supramolecular interaction concentrated in A block, leading to two SPNs with divergent mechanical performances. In specific, the SPN‐1 formed by ABA triblock copolymer displays a slightly and densely distributed hard domain and a compact network, resulting in a decent toughness. While the SPN‐2 composed of BAB triblock copolymer is rigid and less elastic, whose microphase‐separated structures are more obvious, making the network difficult to withstand larger strains. These findings are conducive to deepening the understanding of SPNs and would promote the development of supramolecular block copolymers with emergent functions and applications.
Synthesis, characterization, and property of ionized nano‐objects with defined phase separation
Authors: Li Penghan , Zhou Peng , Wang Jian , Wang Guowei
Published: December 2022

The ionized nano‐objects with defined microphase separation were prepared and properties were investigated. Firstly, the polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene (PI‐b‐PS) based nano‐objects were prepared through living anionic polymerization‐based polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (LAP‐PISA) technique, and the nano‐objects were in‐situ stabilized by divinylbenzene (DVB) agent. Subsequently, the PI segment on nano‐objects or (co)polymers was sequentially brominated and ionized, and the ionic pairs were introduced. The successful synthesis of the nano‐objects and the subsequent modification were comprehensively verified by multiple measurements. Furthermore, the thermal property of the nano‐objects or (co)polymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning‐calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and the electric property was evaluated by impedance analyzer. The ionic conductivity (σ), relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tgδ) of ionized nano‐objects were compared with the counterparts of ionized, linear PI‐b‐PS and PI. The results showed that the introduction of PS segment could strengthen the ionic system, and however, reduce the electric property. With the same composition, the ionized nano‐objects should have more regular microphase separation and transportation channels for ions than that for the linear PI‐b‐PS copolymer. The σ for the former was five times of that for the latter.
Pulmonary tularaemia in a female adolescent with inflammatory bowel disease receiving infliximab: Do not miss the diagnosis
Authors: Schwarzová Veronika , Schwarz Jan , Mitrová Katarina , Dřevínek Pavel , Kreslová Marcela , Sýkora Josef , Doušová Tereza
Published: December 2022

We report the first described case of pulmonary tularaemia in the pediatric patient receiving infliximab for ulcerative colitis. We highlight the importance of considering Francisella tularensis in diagnostically challenging cases of persistent respiratory symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and adequate therapy. The TCR‐γδ + DN T cells are gaining important role in clinical practice. Polymerase chain reaction assays and serology guarantee early recognition.
In silico investigation on structure–function relationship of members belonging to the human SLC52 transporter family
Authors: Ben Mariem Omar , Saporiti Simona , Guerrini Uliano , Laurenzi Tommaso , Palazzolo Luca , Indiveri Cesare , Barile Maria , De Fabiani Emma , Eberini Ivano
Published: December 2022

Riboflavin is an essential water‐soluble vitamin that needs to be provided through the diet because of the conversion into flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), important cofactors in hundreds of flavoenzymes. The adsorption and distribution of riboflavin is mediated by transmembrane transporters of the SLC52 family, namely RFVT1‐3, whose mutations are mainly associated with two diseases, MADD and the Brown‐Vialetto‐Van Laere syndrome. Interest in RFVTs as pharmacological targets has increased in the last few years due to their overexpression in several cancer cells, which can be exploited both by blocking the uptake of riboflavin into the cancerous cells, and by performing cancer targeted delivery of drugs with a high affinity for RFVTs. In this work, we propose three‐dimensional structural models for all three human riboflavin transporters obtained by state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence‐based methods, which were then further refined with molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, two of the most notable mutations concerning RFVT2 and RFVT3 (W31S and N21S, respectively) were investigated studying the interactions between the wild‐type and mutated transporters with riboflavin.
On implementing Jeffreys' substitution likelihood for Bayesian inference concerning the medians of unknown distributions
Authors: Grieve Andrew P.
Published: December 2022

When statisticians are uncertain as to which parametric statistical model to use to analyse experimental data, they will often resort to a non‐parametric approach. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into a simple approach to take when it is unclear as to the appropriate parametric model and plan to conduct a Bayesian analysis. I introduce an approximate, or substitution likelihood, first proposed by Harold Jeffreys in 1939 and show how to implement the approach combined with both a non‐informative and an informative prior to provide a random sample from the posterior distribution of the median of the unknown distribution. The first example I use to demonstrate the approach is a within‐patient bioequivalence design and then show how to extend the approach to a parallel group design.
Salidroside ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via TLR4‐TAK1‐dependent signaling
Authors: Guo Zhen , Liu Fang‐Yuan , Yang Dan , Wang Ming‐Yu , Li Chen‐Fei , Tang Nan , Ma Shu‐Qing , An Peng , Yang Zheng , Tang Qi‐Zhu
Published: December 2022

Salidroside, a prominent active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines, is garnering increased attention because of its unique pharmacological effects against ischemic heart disease via MAPK signaling, which plays a critical role in regulating the evolution of ventricular hypertrophy. However, the function of Salidroside on myocardial hypertrophy has not yet been elucidated. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and treated with Salidroside (100 mg kg−1 day−1) by oral gavage for 3 weeks starting 1 week after surgery. Four weeks after TAC surgery, the mice were subjected to echocardiography and then sacrificed to harvest the hearts for analysis. For in vitro study, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to validate the protective effects of Salidroside in response to Angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 μM) stimulation. Here, we proved that Salidroside dramatically inhibited hypertrophic reactions generated by pressure overload and isoproterenol (ISO) injection. Salidroside prevented the activation of the TAK1‐JNK/p38 axis. Salidroside pretreatment of TAK1‐inhibited cardiomyocytes shows no additional attenuation of Ang II‐induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and signaling pathway activation. The overexpression of constitutively active TAK1 removed the protective effects of Salidroside on myocardial hypertrophy. TAC‐induced increase of TLR4 protein expression was reduced considerably in the Salidroside treated mice. Transient transfection of small interfering RNA targeting TLR4 (siTLR4) in cardiomyocytes did not further decrease the activation of the TAK1/JNK‐p38 axis. In conclusion, Salidroside functioned as a TLR4 inhibitor and displayed anti‐hypertrophic action via the TAK1/JNK‐p38 pathway.
Achievements and future directions in self‐reconfigurable modular robotic systems
Authors: Dokuyucu Halil İ. , Özmen Nurhan Gürsel
Published: December 2022

In this study, a comprehensive review of achievements in the self‐reconfigurable modular robotics field and future directions are given. Self‐reconfigurable modular robots (SRMRs) are known as autonomous kinematic machines that can change their shape by rearranging the connectivity of their modules to perform new tasks, adapt to changing circumstances, and recover from damage. Versatility, reliability, and low‐cost are the fundamental promises of SRMRs when compared with conventional robots. This study emphasized the achievements in the field considering the promises and identified the gaps to be filled in the future. The main distinguishing feature of an SRMR is the capability of configuring its shape during operation. Flexibility in shape supported by appropriate controller strategies brings flexibility in task assignment. Classification of SRMRs is enriched by adding a new section based on assigned tasks to the robot. In addition, the classification based on mechanical and controller design aspects is thoroughly inspected in our study. A new subsection of material selection is introduced in the mechanical design aspects section. Adding these sections to the classification is the main difference between our study and the previous review studies. It is expected that the SRMRs field will have more interactions with materials science in the future. The study is concluded by emphasizing the promises of SRMRs and giving a future vision of the field.
Semi‐supervised clustering of quaternion time series: Application to gait analysis in multiple sclerosis using motion sensor data
Authors: Drouin Pierre , Stamm Aymeric , Chevreuil Laurent , Graillot Vincent , Barbin Laetitia , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Laplaud David‐Axel , Bellanger Lise
Published: December 2022

Recent approaches in gait analysis involve the use of wearable motion sensors to extract spatio‐temporal parameters that characterize multiple aspects of an individual's gait. In particular, the medical community could largely benefit from this type of devices as they could provide the clinicians with a valuable tool for assessing gait impairment. Motion sensor data are however complex and there is an urgent unmet need to develop sound statistical methods for analyzing such data and extracting clinically relevant information. In this article, we measure gait by following the hip rotation over time and the resulting statistical unit is a time series of unit quaternions. We explore the possibility to form groups of patients with similar walking impairment by taking into account their walking data and their global decease severity with semi‐supervised clustering. We generalize a compromise‐based method namedhclustcomproto unit quaternion time series by combining it with the proper dissimilarity quaternion dynamic time warping. We apply this method on patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis to form groups of patients with similar walking deficiencies while accounting for the clinical assessment of their overall disability. We also compare the compromise‐based clustering approach with the methodmergeTreesthat falls into a sub‐class of ensemble clustering named collaborative clustering. The results provide a first proof of both the interest of using wearable motion sensors for assessing gait impairment and the use of prior knowledge to guide the clustering process. It also demonstrates that compromise‐based clustering is a more appropriate approach in this context.
Synergy of Ultrathin CoOx Overlayer and Nickel Single Atoms on Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Mao Lianlian , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Deng Hao , Meng Fanqi , Fu Yanming , Wang Yiqing , Li Mingtao , Zhang Qinghua , Dong Chung‐Li , Gu Lin , Shen Shaohua
Published: December 2022

To solve surface carrier recombination and sluggish water oxidation kinetics of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanodes, herein, an attractive surface modification strategy is developed to successively deposit ultrathin CoOx overlayer and Ni single atoms on titanium (Ti)‐doped α‐Fe2O3 (Ti:Fe2O3) nanorods through a two‐step atomic layer deposition (ALD) and photodeposition process. The collaborative decoration of ultrathin CoOx overlayer and Ni single atoms can trigger a big boost in photo‐electrochemical (PEC) performance for water splitting over the obtained Ti:Fe2O3/CoOx/Ni photoanode, with the photocurrent density reaching 1.05 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), more than three times that of Ti:Fe2O3 (0.326 mA cm−2). Electrochemical and electronic investigations reveal that the surface passivation effect of ultrathin CoOx overlayer can reduce surface carrier recombination, while the catalysis effect of Ni single atoms can accelerate water oxidation kinetics. Moreover, theoretical calculations evidence that the synergy of ultrathin CoOx overlayer and Ni single atoms can lower the adsorption free energy of OH* intermediates and relieve the potential‐determining step (PDS) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This work provides an exemplary modification through rational engineering of surface electrochemical and electronic properties for the improved PEC performances, which can be applied in other metal oxide semiconductors as well.
Evaluation of ultralightweight foamed glass aggregates in precast concrete
Authors: Mathews Grady , Wertz Brady , Khan Taha , Jafari Khashayar , Loux Theresa , Bylone Robert
Published: December 2022

This project investigates the use of foamed glass aggregates in lightweight precast concrete. Precast mixes are evaluated for compression and split‐tension strength, and durability is assessed through rapid chloride permeability, thermal conductivity, alkali silica reactivity, and freeze–thaw performance. Mixes containing a 100% or 50% replacement of gravel with foamed glass aggregates are evaluated. The 100% mixes have a 28‐day compression strength = 23.3–27.89 MPa which is acceptable per structural lightweight concrete standards (ASTM C330), but the split‐tension strength falls short of ASTM C330 requirements. The 50% mixes have acceptable strength but exceed the maximum density allowed for lightweight concrete in ASTM C330. The mixes exhibited low–moderate permeability but poor freeze–thaw resistance. All of the proposed mixes with one exception have acceptable expansion due to alkali silica reactivity. The thermal conductivity of the mixes varies from typical lightweight to normal weight concrete ranges with respect to the aggregate replacement ratio.
David R. Maines: Embedding Symbolic Interactionism at the Heart of Sociology
Authors: Ulmer Jeffery T.
Published: December 2022

David R. Maines was a key founder of the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction, and a champion of symbolic interactionist sociology. Maines fought against characterizations of symbolic interactionism as astructural and “subjectivist.” He was adamant that symbolic interactionism offered vital perspectives on the study of social structure and organization, and that it was compatible with a variety of research methods. He played a vital role in developing narrative sociology and bringing narrative scholarship from communication studies to sociological audiences. In this retrospective on his life and career, I detail what Maines saw as the five central features of symbolic interactionism: (1) interpretation and meaning, (2) communication, (3) temporality and process, (4) agency, and (5) dialectical thinking. I then examine four interrelated themes of Maines' sociological contributions: (1) temporality, (2) debunking myths about interactionism, (3) mesostructure, and (4) narrative sociology. A video abstract is available athttps://youtu.be/YodjvXbo51Q.
Waste high impact polystyrene (HIPS) microfiltration membranes for water treatment: A thorough experimental study
Authors: Khaled Mostafa , Noby Hussien , Mansor Eman S. , Elshazly Ahmed H. , Aissa Walid A.
Published: December 2022

In our previous work, the prepared high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) membranes, synthesized using four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of waste HIPS, were proved to be promising for water purification by microfiltration process (MF). However, the fabricated membranes' mechanical properties and microfiltration process parameters were not investigated. Consequently, in this study, various parameters affecting the previously fabricated membranes' performance in the filtration process, such as membrane mechanical properties, feeding pressure, fouling behavior, and polymer concentration, were thoroughly investigated. With increasing polystyrene concentrations, the ultimate tensile strength of the fabricated membranes increased. When the concentration was increased from 20 to 25 wt percent, the elongation at break rose, but as the concentration was increased further, the membrane became brittle. Permeate flux and rejection both declined as polymer content was raised. Accordingly, the highest flux and humic acid (HA) rejection were shown by 20 wt% (14.18 L/m2h (LMH) and 98.95%, respectively). The antifouling properties declined when the polymer concentration was raised, and 20 wt% had the lowest total fouling resistance. Furthermore, the permeate flux was reduced while increasing the HA initial concentration.
Blood‐based electro‐osmotic flow of non‐Newtonian nanofluid (Carreau‐Yasuda) in a tapered channel with entropy generation
Authors: Abbasi Aamar , Al‐Khaled Kamel , Zouidi Ferjeni , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Ijaz , Bafakeeh Omar T. , Farooq Weseh , Choudhari Rajashekhar
Published: December 2022

The motivation of current contribution is to signify the assessment of entropy generation in the flow of generalized Newtonian fluid generated under the influence of electro‐osmosis and peristalsis. The flow has been confined by a tapered channel with certain flow assumptions. The fundamental conservations laws of mass, momentum, energy and concentration along with the Poisson and Nernst‐Planck equations are used to identify the problem in given domain. The Poisson equation is solved analytically for potential function under the Debye‐Huckel linearization approximation while the expressions are attained with association of conservation concept under widely used assumptions of minor Reynolds number and long wavelength. The velocity in axial direction, temperature and nanoparticles profiles are numerically approximated using shooting method. The electric force parameter and radiative constant are being expressed against different flow, temperature and concentration features via various sketches. The results for Newtonian and Carreau fluid as particular case are also presented via numerous plots and tables. It is expected that the obtained theoretical results are very useful for the resilience of medical instatements.
The Hidden Energies of Work Digitisation: A View from France Through the Use of Coworking Spaces
Authors: Ortar Nathalie , Flipo Aurore
Published: December 2022

There is no shortage of terms—collaborative economy, sharing economy or cognitive capitalism—to describe the new work practices brought about by the spreading digital economy. The French ‘Third place’ movement, reuniting diverse collaborative workplaces, has been claiming the search for more sustainable ways of living as a goal. Recently, numerous public funding programmes have been deployed to support such places. This chapter focusses on coworking spaces and their users to unfold energy consumption discourses and practices of coworkers, based on a survey conducted during 2017–2020 in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It demonstrates lack of awareness of the ‘hidden energies’ of work digitalisation. Though most coworkers display eco-friendly values, attitudes towards digital technology reflect divergences within the forms of appropriation of norms of transition towards sustainability.
Bridging Koopman Operator and Time-Series Auto-Correlation Based Hilbert–Schmidt Operator
Authors: Zhen Yicun , Chapron Bertrand , Mémin Etienne
Published: December 2022

Given a stationary continuous-time process f(t), the Hilbert–Schmidt operator Aτ can be defined for every finite τ. Let λτ,i be the eigenvalues of Aτ with descending order. In this article, a Hilbert space
$$\mathcal {H}_f$$

ℋ

f

and the (time-shift) continuous one-parameter semigroup of isometries
$$\mathcal {K}^s$$

K

s

are defined. Let
$$\{v_i, i\in \mathbb {N}\}$$

{

v

i

,
i
∈
ℕ
}
be the eigenvectors of
$$\mathcal {K}^s$$

K

s

for all s ≥ 0. Let
$$f = \displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }a_iv_i + f^{\perp }$$

f
=

∑

i
=
1

∞

a

i

v

i

+

f

⊥

be the orthogonal decomposition with descending |ai|. We prove that limτ→∞λτ,i = |ai|2. The continuous one-parameter semigroup
$$\{\mathcal {K}^s: s\geq 0\}$$

{

K

s

:
s
≥
0
}
is equivalent, almost surely, to the classical Koopman one-parameter semigroup defined on L2(X, ν), if the dynamical system is ergodic and has invariant measure ν on the phase space X.
Observation-Based Noise Calibration: An Efficient Dynamics for the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Dufée Benjamin , Mémin Etienne , Crisan Dan
Published: December 2022

We investigate the calibration of the stochastic noise in order to guide the realizations towards the observational data used for the assimilation. This is done in the context of the stochastic parametrization under Location Uncertainty (LU) and data assimilation. The new methodology is rigorously justified by the use of the Girsanov theorem, and yields significant improvements in the experiments carried out on the Surface Quasi Geostrophic (SQG) model, when applied to Ensemble Kalman filters. The particular test case studied here shows improvements of the peak MSE from 85% to 93%.
Coupling of Waves to Sea Surface Currents Via Horizontal Density Gradients
Authors: Holm Darryl D. , Hu Ruiao , Street Oliver D.
Published: December 2022

The mathematical models and numerical simulations reported here are motivated by satellite observations of horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature and salinity that are closely coordinated with the slowly varying envelope of the rapidly oscillating waves. This coordination of gradients of fluid material properties with wave envelopes tends to occur when strong horizontal buoyancy gradients are present. The nonlinear models of this coordinated movement presented here may provide future opportunities for the optimal design of satellite imagery that could simultaneously capture the dynamics of both waves and currents directly.

The model derived here appears in two levels of approximation: first for rapidly oscillating waves, and then for their slowly varying envelope (SVE) approximation obtained by using the WKB approach. The WKB wave-current-buoyancy interaction model derived here for a free surface with significant horizontal buoyancy gradients indicates that the mechanism for the emergence of these correlations is the ponderomotive force of the slowly varying envelope of rapidly oscillating waves acting on the surface currents via the horizontal buoyancy gradient. In this model, the buoyancy gradient appears explicitly in the WKB wave momentum, which in turn generates density-weighted potential vorticity whenever the buoyancy gradient is not aligned with the wave-envelope gradient.
Critical Thinking – Gelegenheit für MINT-Lernen in der Zukunft?
Authors: Andersen Jasmin , Baum Michael , Dictus Christian , Greubel André , Knippertz Lynn , Krüger Johanna , Neumann Irene , Priemer Burkhard , Ruzika Stefan , Schulz Johannes , Siller Hans-Stefan , Tiemann Rüdiger
Published: December 2022

Die moderne Welt ist gekennzeichnet durch eine fortschreitende Technologisierung und einen steten Wandel. Die damit einhergehenden Anforderungen lassen neue Fähigkeiten relevant werden. Diese häufig als 21st Century Skills bezeichneten Fähigkeiten umfassen unter anderem das sogenannte Critical Thinking. Der Begriff selbst entzieht sich dabei aber bisher einer einheitlichen und umfassenden Definition. Dieser Artikel verfolgt daher das Ziel, den Begriff Critical Thinking in seinen verschiedenen Facetten und Praxisausprägungen zu erläutern. Dafür werden zunächst Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die sich dem Critical Thinking zuordnen lassen, aus einer theoretischen Perspektive betrachtet, die Relevanz dieser Fähigkeiten in Bezug auf die MINT-Fächer herausgearbeitet und Querverbindungen zu verwandten Konzepten hergestellt. Ein anschließender Praxisteil illustriert an drei Beispielen, dass und wie Critical Thinking in konkrete Lernsituationen integriert werden kann. Insgesamt stellt dieser Beitrag damit ein Plädoyer dafür dar, Critical Thinking nicht als ein lästiges, auch noch zu beachtendes Unterrichtsziel zu verstehen, sondern vielmehr als einen integralen Bestandteil des MINT-Lernens der Zukunft.
Komplikationen der 180-W-XPS™-GreenLight-Laserung – Ergebnisse bei 1283 Prozeduren
Authors: Fallahi F. , Fallahi M. , Brauckmann R. , Brandt S. , Horstmann J. , Wiedemann A.
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund

Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Komplikationsrate des Verfahrens in einer neuen Methodik. Es wurden alle Patienten, die innerhalb von 3 Monaten nach ihrer 180-W-XPS™-GreenLight-Laserung (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) (GLL) erneut stationär aufgenommen wurden, erfasst.

Methodik

Es konnten 170 Patienten ermittelt werden, welche nach ihrer 180-W-XPS™-GLL der Prostata innerhalb von 3 Monaten erneut stationär aufgenommen wurden. Alter, ASA-Score, Antikoagulation, der Umfang der 180-W-XPS™-GLL der Prostata (in Joule) und die Wiederaufnahmegründe in den Kategorien Hämaturie, Harnverhalt, Inkontinenz und Infektgeschehen wurden bei diesen Patienten analysiert und den Patienten ohne Wiederaufnahme gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse

Es ergab sich eine Wiederaufnahmequote von 13,25 %. Der Aufnahmegrund war am häufigsten ein Harnverhalt mit 50,6 % und eine Hämaturie mit 49,4 % aller Patienten. Von den Patienten mit einer auftretenden Hämaturie standen 86,75 % unter blutverdünnender Medikation.

Schlussfolgerung

Im Vergleich mit der Referenzzulassungsstudie („Goliath-Trial“), die 135 multizentrische Patienten umfasste, von welchen 14,07 % mindestens eine Grad-II-Komplikation nach Clavien-Dindo erlitten, zeigte sich eine vergleichbare Komplikationsrate. Dies ist umso erstaunlicher, da die mit der GLL in der vorliegenden Untersuchung behandelten Patienten sowohl im Alter als auch mit ihrer in der ASA-Klassifizierung (American Society of Anesthesiologists) ablesbaren Multimorbidität und damit nachfolgenden Polypharmazie Charakteristika geriatrischer Patienten aufweisen. Um Erfolge langfristig postoperativ für diese Patienten sicher stellen zu können, sollte die Verzahnung des ambulanten und stationären Sektors noch optimiert werden.
The antigen recognition portion of African buffalo class I MHC is highly polymorphic, consistent with a complex pathogen challenge environment, and the 3’ region suggests distinct haplotype configurations
Authors: Obara Isaiah , Nijhof Ard , Atimnedi Patrick , Mijele Domnic , Nanteza Anne , Elati Khawla , Bishop Richard
Published: December 2022

African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) have been distinct from the Auroch lineage leading to domestic cattle for 5 million years, and are reservoirs of multiple pathogens, that affect introduced domestic cattle. To date, there has been no analysis of the class I MHC locus in African buffalo. We present the first data on African buffalo class I MHC, which demonstrates that gene and predicted protein coding sequences are approximately 86–87% similar to that of African domestic cattle in the peptide binding region. The study also shows concordance in the distribution of codons with elevated posterior probabilities of positive selection in the buffalo class I MHC and known antigen binding sites in cattle. Overall, the diversity in buffalo class I sequences appears greater than that in cattle, perhaps related to a more complex pathogen challenge environment in Africa. However, application of NetMHCpan suggested broad clustering of peptide binding specificities between buffalo and cattle. Furthermore, in the case of at least 20 alleles, critical peptide-binding residues appear to be conserved with those of cattle, including at secondary anchor residues. Alleles with six different length transmembrane regions were detected. This preliminary analysis suggests that like cattle, but unlike most other mammals, African buffalo appears to exhibit configuration (haplotype) variation in which the loci are expressed in distinct combinations.
Gut microbiota is associated with response to 131I therapy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhang Linjing , Tang Li , Huang Dingde , Pan Deng , Guo Wei , He Song , Huang Yong , Chen Yu , Xiao Xu , Tang Bo , Chen Jing
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Radioactive iodine (131I) therapy is a conventional post-surgery treatment widely used for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Since 131I is orally administered, we hypothesize that it may affect gut microbiome. This study aims to investigate alterations of intestinal microbiome caused by 131I therapy in PTC patients and explore its association with response to 131I therapy.

Methods

Fecal samples of 60 PTC patients pre- and post-131I therapy were collected to characterize the 131I therapy-induced gut microbiota alterations using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. According to the inclusion criteria, sequence data of 40 out of the 60 patients, divided into excellent response (ER) group and non-excellent response (NER) group, were recruited to investigate the possible connection between gut microbiota and response to 131I therapy. Multivariate binary logistic regression was employed to construct a predictive model for response to 131I therapy.

Results

Microbial richness, diversity, and composition were tremendously altered by 131I therapy. A significant decline of Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B) ratio was observed post-131I therapy. 131I therapy also led to changes of gut microbiome-related metabolic pathways. Discrepancies in β diversity were found between ER and NER groups both pre- and post-131I therapy. Furthermore, a predictive model for response to 131I therapy with a p value of 0.003 and an overall percentage correct of 80.0% was established, with three variables including lymph node metastasis, relative abundance of g_Bifidobacterium and g_Dorea. Among them, g_Dorea was identified to be an in independent predictor of response to 131I therapy (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

For the first time, the present study demonstrates the gut microbial dysbiosis caused by 131I therapy in post-surgery PTC patients and reveals a previously undefined role of gut microbiome as predictor for 131I ablation response. G_Dorea and g_Bifidobacterium may be potential targets for clinical intervention to improve response to 131I in post-operative PTC patients.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2100048000. Registered 28 June 2021.
Bidemocratic Bases and Their Connections with Other Greedy-Type Bases
Authors: Albiac Fernando , Ansorena José L. , Berasategui Miguel , Berná Pablo M. , Lassalle Silvia
Published: December 2022

In nonlinear greedy approximation theory, bidemocratic bases have traditionally played the role of dualizing democratic, greedy, quasi-greedy, or almost greedy bases. In this article we shift the viewpoint and study them for their own sake, just as we would with any other kind of greedy-type bases. In particular we show that bidemocratic bases need not be quasi-greedy, despite the fact that they retain a strong unconditionality flavor which brings them very close to being quasi-greedy. Our constructive approach gives that for each $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

the space $$\ell _p$$

ℓ
p

has a bidemocratic basis which is not quasi-greedy. We also present a novel method for constructing conditional quasi-greedy bases which are bidemocratic, and provide a characterization of bidemocratic bases in terms of the new concepts of truncation quasi-greediness and partially democratic bases.
The simulation of terrible triad injuries in fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens with intact soft tissue envelope
Authors: Lanzerath Fabian , Knifka Jutta , Leschinger Tim , Ott Nadine , Kahmann Stephanie , Hackl Michael , Müller Lars P. , Wegmann Kilian
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to develop a technical process to reproducibly generate terrible triad injuries (TTI) in fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens, while leaving the skin intact. Such “pre-fractured” specimens, used for scientific analysis and for surgical education, might help to improve current treatment, which is complex and prone to complications.

Materials and methods

To induce the desired fractures, a custom-made fracturing unit was used to apply an axial force on the extended cadaveric elbow specimens, with the forearm pronated and under valgus load. To simulate the valgus load, a pneumatic cylinder was developed to apply valgus stress to the joint by an additional force vector from the lateral side of the joint.

Results

The success rate of TTI induction was 92.3% (12/13). Of the 12 radial head fractures, 3 (25%) were classified Mason type II and 9 (75%) Mason type III. The coronoid fractures were grouped in tip subtype 2 (5 fractures, 41.7%), anteromedial facet (AMF) subtype 2 (4 fractures, 33.3%), AMF subtype 3 (1 fracture, 8.3%) and basal subtype 1 (2 fractures, 16.7%).

Conclusions

The present study provides an instrument for successful and reproducible production of dislocation fracture patterns with their typical accompanying soft tissue lesions. The methodology might be applied on a broad basis to be able to perform biomechanical studies regarding primary stability of fixation concepts for TTI and to educate surgeons in a fairly realistic scenario with the surgical treatment of TTI.
Building infrastructure for outcomes-based agreements in Canada: can administrative health data be used to support an outcomes-based agreement in oncology?
Authors: Cheung Winson Y. , Cameron Chris , Mitha Arif , Wills Allison
Published: December 2022

Background

Outcomes-based agreements (OBAs) have the potential to provide more timely patient access to novel therapies, although they are not suitable for every new medication or reimbursement scenario. The authors of this paper studied how to operationalize an OBA in oncology by leveraging existing real-world data (RWD) infrastructure in the province of Alberta.

Objective

The main objectives were to (1) evaluate which health outcomes in oncology are suitable for OBAs and whether they can be tracked with existing infrastructure, and (2) determine how RWD in oncology can be used to implement an OBA and the expected timing for delivery.

Methods

Using the Oncology Outcomes (O2) Group infrastructure and Alberta administrative data, a review of five key oncology outcomes was performed to determine suitability to support an OBA.

Results

Overall survival and time-to-next-treatment were determined as potentially suitable oncology outcomes for OBAs; progression-free survival, patient-reported outcomes, and return to work were deemed inadequate for OBAs at the current time due to data limitations.

Conclusions

Results indicate that it is feasible to leverage RWD to support OBAs in oncology in Alberta, with minimal additional data, resources, and infrastructure. The operational processes and steps to collect and analyze RWD for OBAs were identified, starting with performing an RWD feasibility study. The expected timeframe to fulfill the real-world evidence (RWE) requirements for an OBA is approximately 3 years for cancers with short trajectories.
Der Preis der Psychotherapie – Argumente für eine Wiederbelebung der sozialen Perspektive im psychotherapeutischen Denken und Handeln
Authors: Gahleitner Silke Birgitta , Giertz Karsten , Caspari Cornelia , Caspari Peter , Keupp Heiner
Published: December 2022

Durch die Einführung der Richtlinienpsychotherapie in Deutschland im Jahr 1998 wurde eine psychotherapeutische Regelversorgung etabliert, die psychische Problemlagen auf der eindimensionalen Grundlage der ICD ohne Einbeziehung von wichtigen Konzepten wie Lebenswelt, Sozialraum oder Ressourcenorientierung betrachtet. Gesellschaftliche Einflüsse auf psychische Gesundheit und Krankheit spielen nur eine marginale Rolle. Die Behandlung ist ausschließlich von einer spezifischen ICD-Diagnose abhängig, alternative Behandlungsansätze sind aus der Regelversorgung systematisch ausgeschlossen. Effektivitätsnachweise sind strikt an RCT-Studien gekoppelt. Dadurch werden Patient_innen mit komplexen psychischen Problemlagen von der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung nur marginal erfasst. Neben einer kritischen Analyse zur aktuellen psychotherapeutischen Versorgung in Deutschland arbeiten die Autor_innen die Folgen dieser Entwicklung am Beispiel von gewaltbetroffenen Patient_innen und onkologischen Patient_innen heraus. Im Anschluss diskutieren sie notwendige Veränderungen innerhalb der Praxis und Profession der Psychotherapie.
Cluster-based stability evaluation in time series data sets
Authors: Klassen Gerhard , Tatusch Martha , Conrad Stefan
Published: December 2022

In modern data analysis, time is often considered just another feature. Yet time has a special role that is regularly overlooked. Procedures are usually only designed for time-independent data and are therefore often unsuitable for the temporal aspect of the data. This is especially the case for clustering algorithms. Although there are a few evolutionary approaches for time-dependent data, the evaluation of these and therefore the selection is difficult for the user. In this paper, we present a general evaluation measure that examines clusterings with respect to their temporal stability and thus provides information about the achieved quality. For this purpose, we examine the temporal stability of time series with respect to their cluster neighbors, the temporal stability of clusters with respect to their composition, and finally conclude on the temporal stability of the entire clustering. We summarise these components in a parameter-free toolkit that we call Cluster Over-Time Stability Evaluation (CLOSE). In addition to that we present a fuzzy variant which we call FCSETS (Fuzzy Clustering Stability Evaluation of Time Series). These toolkits enable a number of advanced applications. One of these is parameter selection for any type of clustering algorithm. We demonstrate parameter selection as an example and evaluate results of classical clustering algorithms against a well-known evolutionary clustering algorithm. We then introduce a method for outlier detection in time series data based on CLOSE. We demonstrate the practicality of our approaches on three real world data sets and one generated data set.