bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of ST7 Alteration Profile, Frequency of Alteration and Correlation with ST7-Related Genes using TCGA Data
Authors: CHARONG Nurdina , PROMKAN Moltira
Published: November 2020

ST7 (Suppression of Tumorigenicity 7) was reported as a protein playing a role in maintaining cellular structure. This study aims to investigate the ST7 alteration profiles and frequency of alteration in different cancers using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The correlation between alterations of ST7 and angiogenesis-related genes, SERPINE1, MMP13, and VEGFA, was determined and the relation between ST7 and genes involved in suppression of ST7 transcription, PRMT5 and SMARCA4, were also analyzed. Data of 6 cancer groups from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) including ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LHC), bladder urothelial adenocarcinoma (BUA), stomach adenocarcinoma (SC), prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were downloaded for this study. The results indicated that 3 alteration patterns including amplification, missense mutation, and deletion were observed in 6 cancer studies. Gene pair between ST7 and SERPINE1 indicated the co-occurrent alteration in BUC, OSC and SC (p < 0.05). However, no association between alterations of these 2 genes and survival events in our study was observed. Shorter overall survival rate and disease-free survival were found in BUC patients with ST7, PRMT5, and  SMARCA4 alterations. These findings suggest that using TCGA data can target the potential genes involved in carcinogenesis. Combining ST7 with PRMT5 and SMARCA4 could be used as indicators for analyzing the patient survival in BUC patients and may serve as the potential therapeutic target for cancer in the future.
The Continued Fractions of Certain Exponentials
Authors: DOEMLIM Pratchayaporn , LAOHAKOSOL Vichian , TONGSOMPORN Janyarak
Published: November 2020

In 1954, Perron constructed simple continued fractions of e1/k and e2/k where k is a positive integer. These are called Hurwitz continued fractions. Using the method given in Perron’s book, we determine explicit shapes of simple continued fractions of ke1/k; 1 k e1/k and 2e.
Analisis Gangguan Pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik Jawa Bali 500 kV Menggunakan Power World Simulator
Authors: Dwi Ajiatmo  , Imam Robandi  , Machrus Ali
Published: November 2020

Short circuit is one type of interference that often occurs in electric power systems. The interference if it lasts a long time will affect the quality and continity of electrical power distribution as well as the reliability and safety of the equipment on the system. To minimize the possibility of interference and to minimize the consequences caused by interference, an analysis of disturbances in the electric power system is needed. This study discusses the classification and analysis of disturbances in the electric power system. The type of interference in the electric power system is classified into two, namely symmetry and non-symmetrical interference. Symmetry disturbances are three phase disturbances which are described by the equation of the sequence of the symmetry component system. Sequence equations from the symmetry component system are positive sequence equations, negative sequence equations, and zero sequence equations. Non-symmetrical interference is a disorder that often occurs in electric power systems, namely the interference of one network to the ground, network interference to the network and interference of two networks to the ground. This research is to classify and to analyze the types of disturbances in the Java-Bali electric power system 500 kV 20 buses in the form of a single line diagram, using Power World Simulator and ETAP Software applications. The simulation results are calculated and display the simulation design of the power system with the tools contained in the program.
Pengaruh Knalpot Particulate Trap Berbahan Dasar Kuningan Terhadap Tingkat Kebisingan Pada Mesin Diesel Stasioner
Authors: Muhammad Fakhrurozi  , Askan
Published: November 2020

The development of technology and industry has also affected the level of pollution. Side effects that are very influential on human health include the level of noise that comes out of the exhaust gas (exhaust). Sound pollution comes from either gasoline-fueled or diesel-fueled engine vehicles, especially in diesel engines. To reduce noise levels there are several ways that can be done; (1) Giving a silencer to the engine, (2) Designing a muffler on the exhaust gas line, (3) Placing the sound source in the correct position, and (4) Setting the engine operation and maintenance schedule. One way to reduce the noise level in a diesel engine is to trap a particulate trap installed in the exhaust gas (exhaust). This method can reduce the gas particles from combustion to the disposal process, so that the noise level can be reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the installation of particulate trap made of brass metal in the exhaust of a diesel engine to the level of noise caused. This study uses a factorial type random design by varying the weight of the active ingredient of metal particulate trap 200gr, 300gr, 400g at engine speed between 900-1700rpm. The results of this study indicate that the lowest noise level is obtained from a 300 gr particulate trap ranging from 79.3 dB - 79.4 dB.
Optimasi Permanen Magnet Synchronous Machine Berbasis Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Yanuar Mahfudz Safarudin  , Muhammad Ruswandi Djalal
Published: November 2020

Magnets always have two poles namely the north pole (north / N) and the south pole (south / S). Just as the magnetic charge of the same magnetic pole repels - rejects and the different magnetic poles pull together. Magnets force magnetic materials such as iron due to the magnetic field. A permanent magnet generator is one of the electric machines that utilize mechanical forces to produce electricity where the generator utilizes a permanent magnet as its rotor. To obtain greater output power can be by changing the number and size of windings, varying neodymium permanent magnets of a certain size and reducing the rotor distance with the stator, so that greater power can be achieved. In this study comparing the design without control, with the PID controller, and with the PID controller detuning with Firefly Algorithm. From the simulation results it was found that the best controller in this study was PID-FA with the best current profile and the best voltage profile with a value of 698.3 rpm at t = 0.0055 seconds and steady state voltage at 700.3 rpm at t = 0.04 seconds.
Modifikasi Oil Breather System Dengan Selang High Temperature Pada Yamaha MIO-J Tahun 2012
Authors: Askan  , Muhammad Fakhrurozi
Published: November 2020

Motorized vehicles are one of the most widely used means of transportation in everyday life by the community. Engine performance is supported by the presence of an engine that complements the vehicle's performance due to the engine as a lubricant in motorized vehicles. In motorized vehicles, it is often found that engine problems are quickly hot when used by drivers when traveling long distances and even when stuck in traffic. To overcome this problem, an Oil Breather System will be added to the vehicle by punching a hole on the right side of the engine and planting a nipple for the hose holder Oil Breather System. From that point on, the oil will flow quickly directly from the oil pump. The oil is then passed on the hose to the Oil Breather System. From there the oil is cooled by gusts of wind received by the Oil Breather System and proceed to the Oil Breather System hole. Therefore, the Oil Breather System was installed in motorized vehicles. With the installation of the Oil Breather System in the Cover Valve section, the Cover driven chain air heat temperature on the 2012 Yamaha Mio-J vehicle engine can be reduced by a temperature of 5 ° C. This research will continue for other types of vehicles.
Optimasi Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Shunt Berbasis Imperalist Competitive Algorithm (ICA)
Authors: Machrus Ali  , Agus Raikhani  , Hendi Sopian  , Izzatul Umami
Published: November 2020

Imperalist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is one method of artificial intelligence inspired by competition for power. In system optimization this method gets better results than other artificial intelligence methods. DC shunt motors do not need a lot of space because of the small wire diameter, but the output power is very small because the amplifier current is small. A good shunt motor setting is needed to produce the desired motor speed. In this study PID controls were tuned using ICA. This good PID guide will get a good system optimization. As a comparison, the control of the shunt motor speed without control, with PID control, with detuning ICA PID control (PID-ICA). The results showed that the results of PID-ICA had the smallest overshot and undershot, with a speed of 500.00 rpm and the fastest settling time : 1201 s. This research will be developed using other artificial intelligence methods.
Analisis Daya Dukung Tanah Dan Bahan Pondasi Tiang Pancang Pada Pembangunan Jembatan Kab. Jombang
Authors: Ruslan Hidayat  , Saiful Arfaah
Published: November 2020

One of the most important factors in the structure of the pile foundation in the construction of the bridge is the carrying capacity of the soil so as not to collapse. Construction of a bridge in the village of Klitik in Jombang Regency to be built due to heavy traffic volume. The foundation plan to be used is a pile foundation with a diameter of 50 cm, the problem is what is the value of carrying capacity of soil and material. The equipment used is the Dutch Cone Penetrometer with a capacity of 2.50 tons with an Adhesion Jacket Cone. The detailed specifications of this sondir are as follows: Area conus 10 cm², piston area 10 cm², coat area 100 cm², as for the results obtained The carrying capacity of the soil is 60.00 tons for a diameter of 30 cm, 81,667 tons for a diameter of 35 cm, 106,667 tons for a diameter of 40 cm, 150,000 tons for a diameter of 50 cm for material strength of 54,00 tons for a diameter of 30 cm, 73,500 tons for a diameter of 35 cm, 96,00 tons for a diameter of 40 cm, 166,666 tons for a diameter of 50 cm
Mood Lamp Berbasis Microcontroller
Authors: Arief Budijanto  , Tamaji
Published: November 2020

— Mood lamp is a lamp made from RGB (red, green, blue) led that can be programmed based on its color through remote control, so that the color of the lamp can be determined by the user according to his mood. This lamp is designed using 89C2051 microcontroller with low power technology and uses RGB leds that can be programmed into several colors via a remote control. The remote control signal in this study uses the standard NEC remote code. The results of the led lights experiment can be programmed into 7 colors, namely red, blue, cyan, yellow, magenta, white, and green. The purpose of the results of this study in the future so that it can be used as a business opportunity in the field of creative industries, because this mood lamp can be used as a garden light, home porch lights, restaurants and cafes.
Analisa Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Kali Gunting Di Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Saiful Arfaah  , Iswinarti
Published: November 2020

The cause of flooding in the watershed area, one of which is caused by the inability of the river profile to accommodate the existing discharge (overflow). This research is intended to examine flood discharge and flood water level profile of Kali Gunting as a first step to determine flood mitigation solutions. Analysis of flood water level profiles using the Hec-Race 4.0 modeling program. With the help of this program, it is expected to be able to accommodate the flow parameters that are so complex. After modeling and knowing the capabilities of each part (cross section), this result will be a technical reference in determining flood mitigation measures.

From the results of the study, the analysis of the potential for flooding in the scissor area was obtained as a result of the flood discharge capacity at scissors times = 301.00m3 / dt, and the emission times = 136.66m3 / dt for the 50th return period. The results of the Q50th calculation show that the condition of K. Scissors P0-P36 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P36-P46 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting dike. K. Panir condition P0-P48 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P48-P60 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting embankment
Exploring negation in Awing
Authors: Cyrine NYOMY Cyrine
Published: November 2020

Negation is a universal category and languages differ in many respects in the way they express the latter (see Klima 1964). In this regards, some languages express sentential negation (a subcategorization of negation) with one marker (Dutch, German, English, etc.) while others like French uses two markers. Alongside markers used to express sentential negation, other items, among which Negative Polarity Items, mark negation and tight a particular element within its domain. In this paper, I aim at providing a picture of the expression of negation in Awing (a Bantu Grassfield langue of the Ngemba Group spoken in the North West region of Cameroon). Accordingly, sentential negation is expressed with two discontinuous markers kě…pô. One fact important to the presence of this negative marker is the movement of postverbal elements to a preverbal position turning the SVO structure in non-negative clause to an SOV pattern in negative clauses. In addition, the study describes other negative elements and negation subcategories. In last, the study of negative concord reveals that Awing belongs to the group of Strict Negative Concord (SNC) languages in which n-words must co-occur with negative marker to yield negation.
Influence of Acetic Acid on the Integrity and Protectiveness by an Iron Carbonate (FeCO3) Corrosion Product Layer
Authors: Fajardo Vanessa , Eslami Maryam , Choi Yoon-Seok , Brown Bruce , Nešić Srdjan
Published: November 2020

The effect of undissociated acetic acid on the integrity of an iron carbonate (FeCO3) layer formed on platinum and X65 steel substrates is investigated. Experiments were conducted using buffered solutions with 0.8 mM to 5 mM undissociated acetic acid. For the platinum substrates, changes in the FeCO3 layer were monitored via in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. This investigation was supported by performing electrochemical experiments, under comparable conditions, on the X65 steel specimens, linking the integrity of FeCO3 layer to its corrosion protection effect. The EQCM measurements revealed that the addition of acetic acid, at all concentrations tested here, caused partial dissolution of the FeCO3 layer. The dissolution occurred selectively, with the outer layer dissolving first, leaving behind an inner FeCO3 layer at the end of the immersion experiment. The electrochemical results revealed that introducing the acetic acid caused a sudden increase in the corrosion rate, which over time returned to a lower value similar in magnitude to that seen before addition of the acetic acid. This was attributed to the protection provided by the inner FeCO3 layer, which was only mildly affected by the addition of acetic acid and was able to repair over time. It was proven that the dissolution of the protective FeCO3 layer in the presence of acetic acid was not due to a small pH change but rather due to the formation of ferrous acetate complexes and changes in ionic strength, which decreases the FeCO3 saturation values.
State of the Journal, 2020
Authors: Reynolds Stacey
Published: November 2020

Throughout this challenging year, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has stayed committed to publishing high-quality research so that occupational therapy professionals can make informed decisions about best practice. As we look to the future with a new Editor-in-Chief, our goals are to remain the leading journal for our profession while enhancing our engagement with readers, improving our review process, and ensuring that a diverse group of reviewers and associate editors are able to assume leadership positions with the journal.
Adult Agriculture and Natural Resource Leadership Development Program Participant Characteristics: An Evaluation of 28 Programs
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Fuhrman Nicholas E. , Lamm Alexa J. , Carter Hannah S.
Published: November 2020

Agricultural and natural resource leadership development programs are designed to build leadership capacity amongst emergent and established leaders within the industry. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the characteristics of leadership development program participants and to propose a conceptual framework within which to capture the different contextual variables that exist for adult learners. A descriptive study provides baseline participant data across a range of demographic characteristics within both individual and work-related contexts. Agricultural educators and leadership development program directors are encouraged to use the study results as a starting point for preparing recruitment strategies, developing curriculum and educational interventions, and maintaining contact with adult agricultural leadership development program alumni.
The Relationship of Prior FFA Membership on Perceived Ability to Manage an FFA Chapter
Authors: Ferand Natalie K. , Thoron Andrew C. , Myers Brian E.
Published: November 2020

In order to fill the need in the agriscience teacher shortage, preservice agriscience teacher education needs to seek preservice teachers who may not have had a traditional school-based agriculture background. The influx of new teachers without a school-based agricultural education background brings both opportunities and challenges. Gaps in needs between those teachers who had and those teachers who did not have school-based agricultural education and FFA membership have different teacher professional development needs. This study investigated the professional development need areas based on a needs assessment that investigated knowledge, relevance, and mean weighted discrepancy scores of agriscience teachers who were or were not FFA members. Participants across both groups indicated professional development needs for FFA chapter management. Teachers who were not previously FFA members identified stronger needs across 11 of 13 items. There was a significant difference found between the two groups for four of the 13 chapter management items. Recommendations for future research and programmatic development consisted of the consideration of specific sessions of a basic FFA knowledge with a second session that focuses on technical skill attainment.
A Multi-State Evaluation of Secondary Agricultural Education Students’ Performance on Industry-Based Standards
Authors: Byrd A. Preston , Vincent Stacy K. , Mazur Joan , Namkoong Kang
Published: November 2020

This examination of secondary agricultural education students’ performance was used to determine if students could perform up to industry standards. In this study, the industry standard were blueprints created by engineers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Students had to fabricate a Cost-effective Roll-Over Protective Structure (CROPS) to be placed on a tractor within their community. All the pieces of the CROPS were inspected by an outside consultant with experience with inspecting projects and visual inspection of welds. It was found that students struggled the most with fabricating the axel brackets. The axel brackets required the most drilled holes and cuts of all the pieces therefore creating more areas where mistakes could be made. Students fabricated the vertical support tubes with the most accuracy. According to the DataDriven Decision Model (DDDM), teachers analyzed student work, provided feedback, and need to incorporate this new knowledge into their future instruction to increase the accuracy of their students’ fabrication skills. Teacher trainers are recommended to incorporate this performance data into the summer training to better prepare teachers. The inclusion of teaching strategies need to be created for secondary teachers such as peer evaluation of measurements prior to drilling and cutting.
Undergraduate Project Team Satisfaction: Analysis of a Theoretically Derived Structural Model
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Powell Alyssa N. , Randall Nekeisha , Nguyen Nhu-Ngoc “Tina” P. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: November 2020

Research and societal trends indicate the necessity and permanency of teamwork skills in the workplace thus investigating the relationship between satisfaction and students’ experiences of team and group work is essential. Taking a novel and comprehensive approach the current research study examined the effect of multiple antecedent conditions on undergraduate project team satisfaction. Specifically, a structural model was proposed and tested to examine the effects of clarity, justice, frustration, and fit on project team satisfaction. The model was able to predict 52.7% of the variance associated with project team satisfaction. Among the predictor variables clarity had the largest total (direct and indirect) effect on satisfaction. Frustration was found to have the next largest total effect. Consequently, agricultural educators are encouraged to first focus on clearly articulating the expectations associated with project teams as well as to monitor project teams for emerging frustration and to intervene as appropriate.
An Exploration of Student Collaboration Networks in a Team-Based Capstone Course
Authors: McCubbins OP , Paulsen Thomas H. , Anderson Ryan
Published: November 2020

Learning is inherently a social act occurring through individualized interpretation and negotiations with diverse others. The ability to work with others within the learning environment and beyond is an essential skill. Student-centered teaching methods that emphasize active learning in a team setting have garnered much support across higher education. Recently, AGEDS 450 at Iowa State University was redesigned to further emphasize teamwork. Team-Based Learning (TBL) was incorporated within the capstone framework to promote higher levels of student collaboration, particularly for farm management decisions. TBL promotes higher order thinking and the application of course content in a real-world situation. For AGEDS 450, an actual farm serves as the applied learning laboratory where students make all decisions concerning its management and operation. This descriptive study sought to explore the collaboration networks of students enrolled in the fall 2015 (n = 61) and spring 2016 (n = 60) AGEDS 450. Social network analysis was utilized to construct and analyze student collaboration networks. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 16-week semester in order to track development and/or growth of the collaboration network. The collaboration networks developed into cohesive structures encompassing all students within the course. With the increased interest in fostering teamwork in preparing students for careers, these results provide justification for the continued utilization of TBL. Further analysis of the TBL method is warranted with particular attention to longterm outcomes and skill attainment. It is recommended that TBL be implemented in other courses within colleges of agriculture to further examine its utility.
Pioneering Spirit: Examining the Motives and Experiences of Non-SBAE Students Majoring in Agricultural Education
Authors: Smith Colten J. , Sorensen Tyson J. , Burrows Michelle , Lawver Rebecca G.
Published: November 2020

With the national shortage of school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers and subsequent shortage of skilled workers in food, agriculture, and natural resources careers, more expansive recruitment and retention efforts are needed. Traditionally, preservice teachers in agricultural education originate from within SBAE, yet, some non-SBAE students still find their way to the agricultural education major with a desire to become SBAE teachers. The purpose of this bounded single case study was to understand the lived experiences of non-SBAE high school students majoring in agricultural education; specifically, the motives for majoring in agricultural education and the unique challenges associated with it. Documents were collected and interviews and observations over the course of one year were utilized to gather and analyze data. Researchers identified four major themes emerging from the data: a) Non-SBAE students are motivated by altruistic, intrinsic, and extrinsic values (three subthemes); b) non-SBAE pre-service teachers face common and unique challenges (two subthemes); c) faculty support is critical for persistence in the major; and d) non-SBAE students approach their career with uncertainty and caution. Implications and recommendations related to recruitment of youth and retention of non-SBAE preservice agriculture teachers are discussed.
A Comparison of Early Career Agricultural Teacher Training Received, Current Practices and Perceptions of Instructional Methods
Authors: Voges Samantha , Rayfield John , Doss William , Lawver David , Ritz Rudy
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine early career agricultural teachers’ preparation and practice of various instructional methods in agricultural education. Training received in instructional methods and percentage of time spent using instructional methods were examined. Two-thirds of the participants of this study reported receiving training in all 10 of the identified instructional methods through their teacher certification program. Cooperative learning, demonstration, and lecture emerged as the most frequently used instructional methods while field trips, role play, and guest speakers were reported as the least used instructional methods. Participants only reported high confidence in using two instructional methods, demonstration and cooperative learning. Teachers identified only demonstration and cooperative learning as effective instructional methods for their classrooms. All other methods were reported as moderately effective. It was recommended that teacher preparation programs teach pre-service teachers how to select the appropriate instructional method for the environmental factors at hand.
An Evaluation of Social Networks within a Federally Funded Research Project
Authors: Marabesi Amanda Olbrick , Kelsey Kathleen D.
Published: November 2020

Social networks play an important role in creating positive outcomes for members of social structures, for example, highly networked individuals experience increased performance, productivity, and scholarly outputs in academia. Social network analysis (SNA) provides researchers with an effective method to evaluate the functionality of teams and, consequently, goal achievement through documenting self-reported connections among team members. Therefore, the purpose of the research reported here was to present an evaluation approach for capturing the development and structure of social networks among members of a large USDA, NIFA funded research and Extension project housed at an R1 land-grant research institution. We concluded that: (a) team members were informally and professionally acquainted prior to the project, (b) mentor – mentee relationships established a framework for developing the next generation of scientists, (c) subgroups existed within the network as information and data sharing was centralized around a few participants, and (d) there was a communication gap between university graduate students and industry representatives who served as advisory board members for the project Recommendations for improving team functionality include: (a) improving communication among team members, and (b) implementing a mentoring program to pair university students with industry representatives to improve the relevance of academic research products among growers.
Examining the Effects of Reflection Type and Abstraction Order on Content Knowledge and Content Knowledge Retention During Experiential Learning
Authors: Coleman Bradley M. , Bunch J.C. , Thoron Andrew C. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: November 2020

Experiential learning is fundamental to agricultural education. Current literature indicates some methods of pedagogically implementing experiential learning are more effective than others. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reflection type and abstraction order on content knowledge and content knowledge retention when teaching experientially. This research experiment was conducted with secondary school students enrolled in agriscience courses. The findings of this study indicated neither the method in which students reflected nor the order in which they received abstraction affected students’ ability to attain content knowledge. However, when analyzing student content knowledge retention, a statistically significant interaction effect indicated reflection type and abstraction order were dependent upon one another. It is recommended those who are interested in knowledge retention outcomes should implement purposeful reflection-on-action techniques when delivering abstract conceptualization prior to an experience.
Validation of tropospheric NO2 column measurements of GOME-2A and OMI using MAX-DOAS and direct sun network observations
Authors: Pinardi Gaia , Van Roozendael Michel , Hendrick François , Theys Nicolas , Abuhassan Nader , Bais Alkiviadis , Boersma Folkert , Cede Alexander , Chong Jihyo , Donner Sebastian , Drosoglou Theano , Dzhola Anatoly , Eskes Henk , Frieß Udo , Granville José , Herman Jay R. , Holla Robert , Hovila Jari , Irie Hitoshi , Kanaya Yugo , Karagkiozidis Dimitris , Kouremeti Natalia , Lambert Jean-Christopher , Ma Jianzhong , Peters Enno , Piters Ankie , Postylyakov Oleg , Richter Andreas , Remmers Julia , Takashima Hisahiro , Tiefengraber Martin , Valks Pieter , Vlemmix Tim , Wagner Thomas , Wittrock Folkard
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and direct sun NO2
vertical column network data are used to investigate the accuracy of tropospheric NO2
column measurements of the GOME-2 instrument on the MetOp-A satellite platform and the OMI
instrument on Aura. The study is based on 23 MAX-DOAS and 16 direct sun instruments at stations
distributed worldwide. A method to quantify and correct for horizontal dilution effects in
heterogeneous NO2 field conditions is proposed. After systematic application of this
correction to urban sites, satellite measurements are found to present smaller biases compared to
ground-based reference data in almost all cases. We investigate the seasonal dependence of the
validation results as well as the impact of using different approaches to select satellite ground
pixels in coincidence with ground-based data. In optimal comparison conditions (satellite pixels
containing the station) the median bias between satellite tropospheric NO2 column
measurements and the ensemble of MAX-DOAS and direct sun measurements is found to be significant
and equal to −34 % for GOME-2A and −24 % for OMI. These biases are further reduced to
−24 % and −18 % respectively, after application of the dilution
correction. Comparisons with the QA4ECV satellite product for both GOME-2A and OMI are also
performed, showing less scatter but also a slightly larger median tropospheric NO2
column bias with respect to the ensemble of MAX-DOAS and direct sun measurements.
Trade-wind clouds and aerosols characterized by airborne horizontal lidar measurements during the EUREC4A field campaign
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien , Baron Alexandre , Flamant Cyrille , Bony Sandrine
Published: November 2020

Abstract. From 23 January to 13 February 2020, 20 manned research
flights were conducted over the tropical Atlantic, off the coast of Barbados
(13∘30′ N, 58∘30′ W), to characterize the trade-wind
clouds generated by shallow convection. These flights were conducted as
part of the international EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of
cloud–circulation coupling in climate) field campaign. One of the
objectives of these flights was to characterize the trade-wind cumuli at
their base for a range of meteorological conditions, convective mesoscale
organizations and times of the day, with the help of sidewards-staring
remote sensing instruments (lidar and radar). This paper presents the
datasets associated with horizontal lidar measurements. The lidar sampled
clouds from a lateral window of the aircraft over a range of about 8 km,
with a horizontal resolution of 15 m, over a rectangle pattern of 20 km by
130 km. The measurements made possible the characterization of the size distribution
of clouds near their base and the presence of dust-like aerosols within and
above the marine boundary layer. This paper presents the measurements and
the different levels of data processing, ranging from the raw Level 1
data (https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette et al., 2020c)
to the Level 2 and Level 3 processed data that include a horizontal cloud
mask (https://doi.org/10.25326/58; Chazette et al., 2020b)
and aerosol extinction coefficients (https://doi.org/10.25326/59;
Chazette et al., 2020a). An intermediate level, companion
to Level 1 data (Level 1.5), is also available for calibrated and
geolocalized data (https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette
et al., 2020c).
IDENTIFYING USERS’ REQUIREMENTS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Rosario Michel G. , Muñoz Tapia S. , Guzmán Javier V. , Crompvoets J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In recent years, the growth of public available geographic information and location-based services has been enabling more stakeholders from diverse backgrounds to participate in generating and sharing a comprehensive view of the territory to reduce the impact of severe phenomena in the communities. With the prediction of more disastrous phenomena in the Caribbean region, understanding of what and how to be prepared beforehand to meet users’ needs from different sectors should facilitate to react quickly and take full advantage of geospatial technology and resources to support disaster managers and citizens. This paper is mainly focused on the identification of users’ requirements of geographic information and services for disaster risk management (DRM) in the Dominican Republic. The results are built upon an online survey targeted to expert and non-expert users that intervene in the National System of Prevention, Mitigation and Response (SN-PMR, in Spanish). Our findings revealed seven major users’ requirements for DRM: (1) policy for sharing geo-information; (2) implementing a disaster-oriented SDI; (3) technical standards for real-time data collection; (4) simplified procedures for gathering and accessing of metadata; (5) mobile applications (App) for data collection and alerts visualization; (6) more capacity building programs; and, (7) closer community participation using social networks. This knowledge will contribute to a superior level of readiness to prevent future disasters in Dominican Republic and to support potential studies/practices in the Caribbean region and other Small Island Developing States in the World, which share similar challenges in terms of natural hazards and development issues.
UAV IMAGE FAST GEOCODING METHOD FOR DISASTER SCENE MONITORING
Authors: Nho H. , Shin D. Y. , Kim S. S.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Recently, UAVs are being used in various fields such as photography, precision agriculture, remote monitoring, surveying, mapping, and disaster management. In particular, UAVs can acquire real-time data and access hard-to-reach areas, which is advantageous for rapid spatial information generation. Spatial information can be generated by mounting a camera on the UAV and performing the geocoding process of image data using the location/location information acquired from the GPS/INS sensor. The use of multiple GCPs during the geocoding process can increase the image position accuracy. However, since a lot of time is consumed for surveying, it is disadvantageous to be used in disaster fields that require urgent data generation. Therefore, in this study, fast geocoding process of UAV image using the minimum GCP is proposed. The results obtained through this process can be used as basic data for on-site monitoring and decision-making in disasters and emergencies.
OUTDOOR AR-APPLICATION FOR THE DIGITAL MAP TABLE
Authors: Maier S. , Gostner T. , van de Camp F. , Hoppe A. H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In many fields today, it is necessary that a team has to do operational planning for a precise geographical location. Examples for this are staff work, the preparation of surveillance tasks at major events or state visits and sensor deployment planning for military and civil reconnaissance. For these purposes, Fraunhofer IOSB is developing the Digital Map Table (DigLT). When making important decisions, it is often helpful or even necessary to assess a situation on site. An augmented reality (AR) solution could be useful for this assessment. For the visualization of markers at specific geographical coordinates in augmented reality, a smartphone has to be aware of its position relative to the world. It is using the sensor data of the camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) for AR while determining its absolute location and direction with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its magnetic compass. To validate the positional accuracy of AR markers, we investigated the current state of the art and existing solutions. A prototype application has been developed and connected to the DigLT. With this application, it is possible to place markers at geographical coordinates that will show up at the correct location in augmented reality at anyplace in the world. Additionally, a function was implemented that lets the user select a point from the environment in augmented reality, whose geographical coordinates are sent to the DigLT. The accuracy and practicality of the placement of markers were examined using geodetic reference points. As a result, we can conclude that it is possible to mark larger objects like a car or a house, but the accuracy mainly depends on the internal compass, which causes a rotational error that increases with the distance to the target.
Importance of El Niño reproducibility for reconstructing historical CO2 flux variations in the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Watanabe Michio , Tatebe Hiroaki , Koyama Hiroshi , Hajima Tomohiro , Watanabe Masahiro , Kawamiya Michio
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Based on a set of climate simulations utilizing two kinds
of Earth system models (ESMs) in which observed ocean hydrographic data are
assimilated using exactly the same data assimilation procedure, we have
clarified that the successful simulation of the observed air–sea CO2 flux
variations in the equatorial Pacific is tightly linked to the
reproducibility of coupled physical air–sea processes. When an ESM with a
weaker ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillations) amplitude than that of the
observations was used for historical simulations with ocean data
assimilation, the observed equatorial anticorrelated relationship between the
sea surface temperature (SST) and the air–sea CO2 flux on interannual to decadal timescales could not be represented. The simulated
CO2 flux anomalies were upward (downward) during El Niño (La
Niña) periods in the equatorial Pacific. The reason for this was that the
non-negligible correction term in the governing equation of ocean
temperature, which was added via the ocean data assimilation procedure,
caused an anomalous, spurious equatorial upwelling (downwelling) during El
Niño (La Niña) periods, which brought more (less) subsurface layer
water rich in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the surface layer. On the
other hand, in the historical simulations where the observational data were
assimilated into the other ESM with a more realistic ENSO representation, the
correction term associated with the assimilation procedure remained small
enough so as not to disturb an anomalous advection–diffusion balance for the
equatorial ocean temperature. Consequently, spurious vertical transport of
DIC and the resultant positively correlated SST and air–sea CO2 flux
variations did not occur. Thus, the reproducibility of the tropical air–sea
CO2 flux variability with data assimilation can be significantly
attributed to the reproducibility of ENSO in an ESM. Our results suggest
that, when using data assimilation to initialize ESMs for carbon cycle
predictions, the reproducibility of the internal climate variations in the
model itself is of great importance.
The growth of faults and fracture networks in a mechanically evolving, mechanically stratified rock mass: a case study from Spireslack Surface Coal Mine, Scotland
Authors: Andrews Billy James , Shipton Zoe Kai , Lord Richard , McKay Lucy
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fault architecture and fracture network evolution (and resulting bulk
hydraulic properties) are highly dependent on the mechanical properties of
the rocks at the time the structures developed. This paper investigates the
role of mechanical layering and pre-existing structures on the evolution of
strike–slip faults and fracture networks. Detailed mapping of exceptionally
well exposed fluvial–deltaic lithologies at Spireslack Surface Coal Mine,
Scotland, reveals two phases of faulting with an initial sinistral and
later dextral sense of shear with ongoing pre-faulting, syn-faulting, and post-faulting
joint sets. We find fault zone internal structure depends on whether the
fault is self-juxtaposing or cuts multiple lithologies, the presence of
shale layers that promote bed-rotation and fault-core lens formation, and
the orientation of joints and coal cleats at the time of faulting. During
ongoing deformation, cementation of fractures is concentrated where the
fracture network is most connected. This leads to the counter-intuitive
result that the highest-fracture-density part of the network often has the
lowest open fracture connectivity. To evaluate the final bulk hydraulic
properties of a deformed rock mass, it is crucial to appreciate the relative
timing of deformation events, concurrent or subsequent cementation, and the
interlinked effects on overall network connectivity.
Aspectos bioéticos de la gestación subrogada comercial en relación con la madre portadora: el conflicto entre los principios de justicia y autonomía
Authors: García Capilla Diego , Cayuela Sánchez Salvador
Published: November 2020

La gestación subrogada se ha convertido en los últimos años en un tema de radical actualidad en nuestras sociedades. Son muchas las personas que en los países ricos han aprovechado las nuevas posibilidades de utilizar un “vientre de alquiler” para alcanzar sus anhelos de paternidad o maternidad. No obstante, esta práctica atenta a menudo contra la dignidad de la mujer portadora, sostenida sobre un principio de autonomía basado en un ficticio libre consentimiento propio de la bioética neoliberal, ciego por otro lado al principio bioético de justicia.
Language Acquisition During and After Critical Period (A Comparative Review Between Children and Adults)
Authors: Alzahrani Muteb Ali
Published: November 2020

This research paper is a review of the previous literature that focuses on whether or not there is an influence of second language acquisition during 'critical period'. Critical period refers to acquiring a second language before the age of adulthood. Although there is no consensus among linguists on the impact of the critical period, numerous scholars in the field of second language acquisition agree that language learners gain more benefits during the critical period including mastering the phonological system of the target language. In addition, this paper compares between the potential linguistic benefits between young learners who acquire language at an early age of their lives and their older counterparts who begin learning a language after the age of maturation. Interestingly, those who start studying a second language during the critical period usually outperform their older counterparts due to their exceptional memory traits and fresh speech organs ultimately, it displays the appropriate teaching approaches based on age benefiting from the idea of critical period hypothesis.
From Association to Dissociation: The NRP'stranslatioof Gourmont
Authors: Bolduc Michelle
Published: November 2020

This study explores the influence of the French Symbolist poet, novelist, and literary critic Remy de Gourmont on Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's conception of dissociation. It proposes translatio—the medieval trope describing a transfer of ideas—as a lens through which to read the significance of Gourmont's thought on the New Rhetoric Project (NRP). Thus forgoing more traditional comparative approaches such as intertextuality, this study argues that translatio serves here as a particularly valuable conceptual tool: it unveils the evolution of Perelman's thought over time, and Olbrechts-Tyteca's significant contribution to it; it also provides a clearer understanding of the relationship between association (in the guise of analogy) and dissociation in the NRP than what is generally understood by scholars of the Traité. More importantly, translatio unveils the features that make their conception of dissociation one of the truly innovative aspects of the NRP.
Verbal Signatures of Dissociation: Epitomizing and Limiting Cases
Authors: Fahnestock Jeanne
Published: November 2020

The sections devoted to dissociation in The New Rhetoric identify many verbal forms that can express this reconceptualizing line of argument. This article reviews the linguistic options offered in English for epitomizing dissociations, including tautologies and constructions that prompt diverging meanings, orthographical devices like capitalization or subscripts that produce variants of a single word, word schemes like agnominatio and polyptoton that alter core forms, and affixes or modifiers that are either available as antonyms or require forcing apart by subsequent antitheses. Paying attention to the verbal expression of dissociations highlights cases that may or may not qualify as the rich reconceptualizations Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca had in mind. Arguments that involve three distinguished terms may, for example, reach a limit where dissociations merge into arguments from division, a long recognized device in traditional rhetoric/dialectic.
The New Rhetoric Project Laughs: Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, Dissociation, and the Comic
Authors: Anderson Amy K.
Published: November 2020

Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's 1974 chapter on dissociation in the comic furthers our understanding of the rhetorical possibilities of dissociation, revealing how the concept can dismantle old worldviews and create new ones through laughter. Thanks to issues with translation and the chapter's obscure examples, however, this text has been largely overlooked by scholars. This article grounds the chapter's theories in examples with more contemporary resonance as a necessary first step toward understanding the full scope of Olbrechts-Tyteca's contributions to the concept of dissociation. Considering Olbrechts-Tyteca's chapter in light of other texts from the New Rhetoric Project also calls attention to the ways that translation practices have shaped scholars' reception and use of the Project's concepts.