bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation on Comparison of Three Different Bleaching Agents using the Laser Activated in-Office Bleaching at Different Wavelengths
Authors: Goenka Shachi , Cirigiri Sushil Kumar , Poplai Kanika , Aslam Baig Mirza , Singh Shalini , Gangavane Shweta
Published: February 2023

Background:

Shade of the teeth is of specific significance to the patient because of social and psychological concern and hence plays vital role as primary care. Bleaching is a noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, conservative, and low-maintenance method to change a smile dramatically.

Aim:

To study the effect of application of three bleaching agents at different wavelengths of laser on the enamel surface of teeth using an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty freshly extracted, noncarious intact maxillary central incisors were collected and stored in moist conditions in plastic containers. Using a randomized stratified design, the samples were divided into 12 groups (n = 10). The bleaching agent was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and applied on the enamel surface of the teeth followed by laser activation. The ultrastructural effects of the bleaching agent on the enamel were determined with an ESEM. Samples were assessed both before and after bleaching on the basis of the degree of surface damage. Because the observation by ESEM was designed to be qualitative, no statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

JW power bleaching agent and Opalescence Xtra boost showed minimum surface alteration when compared to Polaoffice. Furthermore, the groups treated with diode 810 nm showed less surface damage while neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 1064 nm more surface alterations than the groups treated with diodes.

Conclusion:

From this current study, it can be concluded that the diode laser of 810 nm with JW power bleaching showed minimum surface alterations.
The Experience of Organizing Blood Donation Camp through Student Initiative
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Harish Jagga Sankalp , Kumar Dinesh , Thaman Richa Ghay
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

A blood donation camp was organized in the institute which was a student initiative and a street play on blood donation awareness was carried out at different parts of the institute. For this reason, the study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practises among the voluntary donors was carried out to bring out further awareness programs.

Materials and Methods:

The study is a Cross-sectional analysis to know about the knowledge, attitude, and practises among the donors as well as collect information regarding the rare blood groups. The idea to conduct a blood donation camp at a tertiary care hospital in Amritsar was initiated by the students of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th professional year and was implemented on February 8, 2018. On this day, two awareness street plays were carried out, first at the outpatient department area and then near the college entrance to spread the message about the benefits and necessity of blood donation. The activity of blood donation was executed by a group of 15 team members and the staff posted in the blood bank of the institute. Each donor was taken care of by looking after any postdonation weakness or nausea plus were also provided with refreshments. At the end, feedback forms were handed over and 50 such filled forms were collected.

Results:

Out of the 50 donors, there were 21 male (42%) and 29 females (58%), with a mean age of 21.45 ± 1.35 years. It was recognized that, among 50 donors, 52% of the donors have not donated in the last 2 years while 58% of the donors would voluntarily like to donate blood again. It was seen that 52% of the donors had fear of needles acting as a hindrance for the blood donation.

Conclusion:

My experience during the whole journey of the initiative was quite enlightening. Looking at the enthusiasm of the donors and the organizing team, it also encouraged the patients' relatives and professors to come forward for the donation. The success of the event has further encouraged me to carry out such more awareness projects in the future.
Evaluation of Long-term Stability of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafts in Cleft Palate Patients Using Multislice Computed Tomography and Three-Dimensional Printed Models
Authors: Palankar Venkatesh , Sattur Atul , Palankar Aditi , Rajeswari S. Raja , Thakur Srinath , Desai Anil Kumar
Published: February 2023

Aim:

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models are contemporary volumetric bone graft assessment technique for secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. The study aimed at evaluation of long-term stability of iliac autograft in SABG using multislice computed tomography (CT) and 3D-printed model-based volumetric analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight patients were included in this prospective clinical study. CT image (T1) was taken after orthodontic maxillary expansion, correlating with the presurgical image. Furthermore, 3D-printed model was prepared, and volumetric assessment of graft needed was ascertained with water displacement technique. SABG was carried on with the anterior iliac crest autografting procedure. After 1-year follow-up, postoperative CT analysis (T2) was followed upon.

Results:

The stability of bone graft at the 1-year postoperative was found to be 43.74% with mean bone loss of 56.26% (95% confidence interval; P < 0.005). The moderate scale of CLP cases has shown statistically significant bone stability compared to that of severe and mild cases. Furthermore, the 3D-printed model has shown a significant difference to that of T1 CT imaging (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, it seems appropriate to conclude that 3D-printed models serves as better reference than CT imaging in the context of planning and execution of precise bone grafting in SABG.
Efficiency of Laser versus Bur in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Maiti Niladri , Sharma Piyush , Jadon Samiksha Singh , Qadri Fida , Pamidi V R Chandra Babu , Ganvir Sagar Ramesh , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, their clinical application has largely been restricted to soft tissue. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser in bone cutting for removal of impacted lower third molar teeth and to compare its outcomes with that of surgical bur.

Materials and Methods:

The study comprised forty subjects requiring removal of impacted mandibular third molar, randomly categorized into two equal groups of 20 each, who had their impacted third molar removed either using Er: YAG laser or surgical bur as per their group, using standard methodology of extraction of impacted teeth. Clinical parameters such as pain, bleeding, time taken for bone cutting, postoperative swelling, trismus, wound healing, and complications were compared for both groups.

Results:

Clinical parameters such as pain, bleeding, and swelling were lower in laser group than bur group, although the difference was statistically not significant. However, postoperative swelling showed a significant difference in the two groups. Laser group required almost double the time taken for bone cutting with bur. Trismus persisted for a longer period in laser group. Wound healing and complications were assessed clinically and there was no significant difference in both the groups.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of our study, the possibility of bone cutting using lasers is pursued, the osteotomy is easily performed, and the technique is better suited to minimally invasive surgical procedures. The use of Er: YAG laser may be considered an alternative tool to surgical bur, especially in anxious patients.
Assessment of Postoperative Pain after Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment using Wave One® and One Shape® Single File System
Authors: Jain Pooja , Sanjyot Mulay , Bhosale Swapnil
Published: February 2023

Background:

Wave One® (WO) and One Shape® (OS) are among the common endodontic file systems having rotary and reciprocating movement of instrument, respectively. The study evaluated the postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using single file rotary and reciprocating system.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics on 68 teeth of patients aged between 20 and 45 years. Sixty-eight teeth were divided into two study groups. In Group A, instrumentation with OS file systems (n = 34) was done with subgroup A1 having patients without periapical lesion (n = 17) and subgroup A2 having patients with periapical lesion (n = 17). In Group B, instrumentation with WO file systems (n = 34) was done with subgroup B1 having patients without periapical lesion (n = 17) and subgroup B2 having patients with periapical lesion (n = 17). The root canal shaping procedures were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions for each instrument system. Presence of postobturation pain was accessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scale (0–10), where 0 showed no pain, 1–3 mild pain, 4–6 moderate pain, 7–9 severe pain, and 10 worst possible pain.

Results:

The intensity of pain was measured with VAS score in patients without periapical lesions and with periapical lesions using WO and OS file system on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day. VAS score was found to be nonsignificant on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day in both groups (P > 0.05). Intergroup comparison of VAS score was found to be nonsignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Both systems were found to have similar effect with respect to postoperative pain. However, WO single file system presented less pain as compared to OS system in cases with periapical lesion. Large sample studies are required to substantiate the result obtained in this study.
Root Caries Experience and its Association with Risk Indicators among Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Reddy Lingaladinne Swetha , Lakshmi Satti Venkata , Lakshmi Yenugandula Vijaya , Lakshmi K Priya Deepa , Sravanthi Yadlapalli , Kaur Manupreet
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

With an increasing number of retained teeth, there is an enhanced susceptibility to periodontal problems with gingival recession, which led root surface exposure to the oral environment and develops the root caries later stages among adults.

Aim:

Evaluate the root caries experience and its association with risk indicators among middle-aged South Indian adult dental patients using root caries index (RCI; Katz RV - 1979).

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted among middle-aged (35 to 44 year) adults in the Outpatient Department of Private Dental Institute. Root caries experience was evaluated using the Katz RCI on a full mouth basis. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software.

Results:

The prevalence of root caries among study population was 8.9% with a mean RCI score of 1.04 ± 5.10. As age increased mean number of teeth with gingival recession (45.25 ± 27.09), decayed root surfaces (0.34 ± 1.11), filled root surfaces (0.39 ± 2.99), mean number of teeth missing (3.78 ± 6.42), and RCI (1.68 ± 6.93) also increased.

Conclusion:

Age, gender and higher number of retained teeth were concluded as a significant risk indicators for root caries.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Bone Losses in the Postoperative Phase of Single Implant Placed in Mandibular First Molar Regions
Authors: Dev Shruti Vishal , Perti Sonali , Sahoo Kalinga Keshari , Mohanty Arun , Pati Sourav Kumar , Sri A. Nivya
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim:

Bone loss surrounding dental implant is an unavoidable phenomenon that occasionally leads to implant failure. Implant-related bone loss exhibits different patterns and rate as per oral milieu and hygiene habits. This study was aimed to clinically assess the crestal bone losses in the postoperative phase of single implant placed in mandibular first molar regions.

Materials and Methods:

The present in vivo study was planned and completed on the patients selected from the Department of Prosthodontics of the institute. A total of twenty patients were selected randomly in which right mandibular first molar was rehabilitated by dental implants. All radiographic analysis was attempted by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). All twenty implants were placed by standard clinical protocols. CBCT analysis was attempted to measure existing bone levels on all four surfaces of implant. These measurements were completed at three different postoperative phases. Informed consent was obtained from all participating patients.

Statistical Analysis and Results:

Statistical analysis was completed by statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. P <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Among all 20 patients, males were 14 and females were 6 in the age range of 25–45 years. Mean bone losses were in the range of 0.226–0.737 for Group I. Intergroup comparison by two-sample t-test showed a significant difference (0.01) for mesial surfaces. All mean values were maximum for mesial surfaces and minimum for lingual surfaces.

Conclusion:

The mean crestal bone loss at four implant surfaces evaluated at different postoperative phases was nonsignificant. However, there were significant differences in mean crestal bone loss at four surfaces of all studied implants in a particular group.
Assessment of Effect of Menopause on Saliva and Oral Health Status
Authors: Mishra Richa , Haider Khushtar , Rizwan Ramsha , Monga Shamim , Pritam Amrita , Singh Padam
Published: February 2023

Background:

Women at menopausal period may frequently develop several oral mucosal disorders. Xerostomia is also a common finding among postmenopausal women. The present study was conducted to assess effect of menopause on saliva and dental health.

Materials and Methods:

Forty postmenopausal women (Group I) and 40 control (Group II) underwent Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS), Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT index), Community periodontal index (CPI), and Loss of attachment (LOA), salivary pH and flow measurement.

Results:

Oral symptoms were normal in 22 and 40, xerostomia in 18 and 0 in Group I and II respectively, salivary pH was normal in 20 and 40, below acidic in 20 and 0, salivary flow was normal in 21 and 40, hyposalivation in 19 and 0 in group I and II, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). OHI-S was good in 4 and 25, fair in 6 and 10, poor in 30 and 5, DMFT index was decayed was 1.42 and 0.65, missing was 2.84 and 0.26 and filled was 1.06 and 0.52 seen in Group I and II respectively. CPI index mean value was 3.26 in Group I and 1.02 in Group II and mean LOA was 1.42 and 0.46 in Group I and II respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

There was decrease in the salivary pH and flow rate in postmenopausal women which in turn leads to increased OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, and LOA.
Nanoparticles in Prosthetic Materials
Authors: Parameswari B. Devi , Dhevishri S , Ranjith R , Annapoorni H.
Published: February 2023

The commonly used prosthodontic materials are resins, ceramics, metals and silicones. A comprehensive review of literature was completed about the incorporation of nanomaterials in prosthetic dentistry using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. This was supplemented with a manual search of selected journals. English language articles in peer- reviewed journals were selected. Current literature reveals that incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly improved the properties of the prosthetic materials within the clinically acceptable ranges. There appears to be a need for a standardization for these in vitro studies carried out to evaluate their physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties
Assessment of Cases of Complete Denture Fracture
Authors: Kumari Ranjna , Bala Suman
Published: February 2023

Background:

There are many causes and reasons associated with fractures of complete dentures. The present study assessed case of complete denture fracture.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and fifty complete denture wearers reported to the department of prosthodontics for correction of complete denture fracture were examined carefully. The factors such as retention, stability, and occlusal errors were recorded. Cause of denture fracture was recorded too.

Results:

Out of 150 patients, males were 80 and females were 70. The site of fracture was incisor area in 25, canine area in 30, midline in 50, molar area in 10, and maxillary tuberosity/retromolar pad area in 35 cases. The etiology of denture fracture was accidental fall in 42, poor fit in 28, poor occlusion in 40, material breakage in 25, and acrylic base defect in 15 cases. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Most common cause of denture fracture was accidental fall, poor fit, poor occlusion, and material breakage.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness of Orthognathic Surgery among Orthodontic Patient-Prospective Study
Authors: Mani Bhuvaneswari , Mani Muralimani , Ramar Selvakumar , Srinidhi S. , Bharathi S. R. , Sengodan Tamilselvi
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of the current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding orthognathic surgery among orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey conducted among orthodontic patients in Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to awareness of orthognathic surgery were collected from 500 subjects. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V 22.0). The frequency distribution was computed.

Results:

This survey revealed that 466 (93.2%) respondents had awareness about the role of orthognathic surgery. 332 (66.4%) had given the correct responses related to differentiating skeletal and dental malocclusion, 454 (90.6%) had the awareness of risk factors associated with orthognathic surgery and 40 (7.0%) were experienced regarding the procedure.

Conclusion:

The result of the current study showed that it clearly implies that the population was aware of orthognathic surgery as a treatment modality for correcting skeletal deformities.
Assessment of Correlation of Serum High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein, Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio, and Lipid Profile in Diabetics
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Singh Beena
Published: February 2023

Background:

This study aimed to measure the level of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs CRP), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), lipid profile, and their association in diabetics.

Methodology:

One hundred and fifty diabetic patients were classified into three groups of 50 each. Group I were newly diagnosed with <5 years of diabetes, Group II were those having 5–10 years of diabetes, and Group III were diabetics with more than 10 years of diabetes. Lipid profile, hs-CRP level, and ACR were measured.

Results:

There was a correlation between hS CRP and ACR and triglyceride in Group I, hS CRP with ACR and triglyceride in Group I. In group II hS CRP showed significant correlation with ACR whereas in Group III significant correlation was observed with ACR, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol.

Conclusion:

The level of hS CRP and ACR was found to be higher in patients with a longer duration of diabetes.
Evaluation of the Effect of Preoperative Amoxicillin on Bacteremia Associated with Exodontia in Periodontal and Periapical Pathology
Authors: Edsor Effie , Priyadarshini G Agnes Golda , Shankar P. Gowri , Srinivasan V. Ramesh , Vigneswaran T. , Raja S. Pradheep
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics of 2 g of oral amoxicillin on bacteremia following extraction of teeth with periodontal and periapical pathology.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out on 160 patients. The patients were divided into four groups of forty patients each: two antibiotic groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving 2 g of oral amoxicillin preoperatively and two control groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving no amoxicillin preoperatively. Blood samples were collected before the start of the procedure, intraoperatively, and immediately following extraction of teeth. The collected blood samples were cultured and studied for bacterial growth.

Results:

In the control group patients with periodontal pathology, 17 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of Streptococcus viridans along with Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the control group patients with periapical pathology, 14 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of S. viridans and Staphylococcus aureus. No growth was observed in both the groups on prophylactic antibiotics with 2 g of oral amoxicillin.

Conclusion:

Bacteremia was found in 40% of the control group patients, while there was no bacteremia present in patients with preoperative administration of 2 g of oral amoxicillin.
Clinical Profile and Comorbidities Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Sudair, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Fehaid
Published: February 2023

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating condition that has a significant effect on the lives of patients, their families, and society at large.

Aims:

The aim is to determine the clinical profile and any comorbidities associated with RA patients in the Sudair region of Saudi Arabia.

Subjects and Methods:

Sixty patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study, both newly or already diagnosed with RA, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for RA. They were followed up in the rheumatology clinic in King Khalid Majmaah Hospital in the Majmaah province from January 2017 to December 2020.

Results:

The subjects' mean age was 47.87 ± 11.55 years, 52 female and 8 male (female-to-male ratio 6.5:1). About 23.3% of patients with RA had positive family history. The main comorbidities and associated diseases were hypertension (18.3%) and hypothyroidism (15%). The most frequently involved joints were the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, elbow, and knee joints. Subjects were positive in 66.7% for rheumatoid factor and 78.3% for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. Both markers were positive in 60% of the patients.

Conclusion:

Approximately one-quarter of the studied group had a family history of RA. Hypertension followed by hypothyroidism was the most common comorbidities reported in our study.
Clinical Significance of Talon Cusp in a Mixed Dentition Patient
Authors: Srinivasan Bhuvaneshwari , Jegatheeswaran Anbuselvan Gobichettipalayam , Radhakrishnan Senthilnathan , Hayyan Faisal Mansour Bin , Thangavelu Arthiie
Published: February 2023

Talon cusp is a developmental dental anomaly with supernumerary structure projecting from the dento-enamel junction towards the incisal edge of an anterior tooth. The etiology is usually unknown but studies states that talons cusp can occur due to the hyperactivity of the enamel organ during morph differentiation. The incidence is 0.04-10% and the prevalence is more in maxillary incisors than mandibular incisors and more in palatal aspect of the teeth. The most common complications are esthetics, increased risk for caries and occlusal accommodation. This article reports a case of talon cusp on the palatal surface of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Due to its clinical significance the dentist should be able to diagnose the supernumerary tooth and definitive treatment should be done.
A Cross-sectional Study to Assess Factors that Determine Tobacco Habit Initialization and Cessation and Oral Cancer Awareness among General Population of Vikarabad District, Telangana
Authors: Gone Hariprasad , Abdul Nishath Sayed , Pisarla Manish , Kumar Karuparty Pavan , Kulkarni Ganesh , Audurthi Rithesh Kumar
Published: February 2023

Aims:

The aim of the study was to assess factors that determine tobacco habit initialization and cessation and oral cancer awareness among the general population of Vikarabad district, Telangana.

Materials and Methods:

The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of the Vikarabad district. All tobacco users satisfying inclusion criteria of age 18–40 years and at least 1 year of tobacco usage were included in the study. Multistage random sampling was followed to select tobacco users and structured, pretested questionnaires were distributed. The populations mean age was 30 years with majority being rural residents and men contributing the majority of the study population.

Results:

The mean age at which a person begins to smoke was 20.4 ± 5.7 years among the general population. Peer influence (77%) was reported as one of the major reasons, and habit formation was found to be the major factor (55.6%) for continuing tobacco and also work stress (17%) and relaxation (17%). The primary reason for quitting was fear or awareness of the adverse effects of tobacco. Self-abstinence was reported as a predominant method that they followed to quit tobacco habit during the past year, while 16.3% reported that they did not give it a try. About 58.6% of participants were advised by a health-care provider to quit tobacco, respectively. A major proportion of tobacco users (71%) knew that tobacco causes oral cancer. Half of the study population is unaware of oral cancer's early symptoms, noncontagious progression, lifestyle modification, and early treatment have a good prognosis.

Conclusion:

Findings of the study highlight the factors to be considered in framing effective antitobacco policies applicable to the rural population.
Comparison of Marginal Fit and Internal Adaptation of Copings Fabricated with Polyetheretherketone and Zirconia – An In vitro Study
Authors: Amalorpavam V. , Sreelal T. , Chandramohan Giri , Jithin G N. , Ponjayanthi  , Kamalashankar
Published: February 2023

Context:

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the Marginal fit and Internal adaptation of copings fabricated with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Zirconia luted with resin cements.

Materials and Methods:

Maxillary first premolar was prepared to receive all ceramic restoration. It was duplicated using addition silicon impression material for fabricating Cobalt–Chromium metal die, which is used as a master die. Using the master die, 30 heat cure acrylic samples were fabricated for the heat cure acrylic tooth models on which 15 PEEK and 15 zirconia copings were made. Self-adhesive resin cement is used for luting and 30 copings were luted. After 24 h, luted copings were having a disc of thickness 0.01 mm cutting at high speed using a Tooth cutting lathe for all the 30 samples. Field Scanning Electron Microscopic study analysis for evaluating marginal fit and internal adaptation of two groups were observed. The values were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnet t-test.

Results:

Among those two groups, PEEK copings group materials showed the lowest mean value of (30.3 ± 5.1) for marginal gap, (29.1 ± 5.8) for internal gap whereas the zirconia copings group showed a mean value of (50.26 ± 16.02) and (32.8 ± 5.2) respectively.

Conclusion:

Among these two groups, comparatively less marginal fit and internal adaptation is seen in zirconia copings when compared to the PEEK copings. While the marginal fit and internal adaptation of both PEEK and zirconia copings were in the acceptable clinical range.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Digital Imaging and Cone Beam Computed Tomography among Dental Practitioners in North Karnataka, India
Authors: Chinna Sudarshan Kumar , Reddy Nannuri Pranavi , Thapaswini Yekula , Muppidi Akhila , Pattepu Sai Vinith , Sharma Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has one of the most important roles for diagnosis in dentistry.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and awareness toward the scope of digital imaging and CBCT, among dental practitioners in North Karnataka regions such as Bidar and Raichur city.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire study was carried out among 200 dental practitioners of North Karnataka (Bidar and Raichur). A specially designed structured questionnaire (13 in number) was administered to assess the knowledge of digital imaging and CBCT. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and any P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 200 dentists were selected for the study, among which 93.5% were reported that digital imaging is the most useful method compared to conventional method. About 91.0% of the dentists were aware of CBCT. Of 91.5% of the dentists preferred CBCT for three-dimensional imaging in the head and neck region. Among all, majority of dentists reported that all types of radiography will be used in digital imaging (45.0%).

Conclusion:

The current study showed that knowledge of dentist regarding digital imaging and CBCT was not satisfactory; therefore, participants require an understanding of the concepts behind CBCT and related technologies, making appropriate training essential for every member of the dental team.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Dental Professionals
Authors: Gopakumar Rethi , Mahesh J. , Alexander Bijo , Arya K. S. , John Sunil , Kumbla Shruthi
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly across the world, prompting governments to impose lengthy restrictions on both movement and trade. While lockdowns reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 disease, they may have a negative impact on the economy and job levels. Dental medicine has been one of the most severely impacted industries during this crisis. Dental professionals are exposed to environments with high levels of occupational hazards, additional risks of viral exposure, and transmission.

Methods:

We analyzed 705 anonymous questionnaires filled out by dentists, dental students, and postgraduate students about their willingness to consider a new SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Results:

Our findings show a statistically significant relationship between an individual's unemployment rate and their ability to be immunized with a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Conclusion:

As part of the global vaccination program's alertness, these data may be used to forecast patterns in vaccine adoption or denial depending on economic burden during the COVID-19 pandemic by various industries.
Evaluation of Root Dentin Thickness and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Two Novel Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments – An In Vitro Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Reddy Gangili Sparsha , Kalaiselvam Rajeswari , Rajakumaran Arasappan , Kuzhanchinathan Manigandan , Sabarish Ram , Ganesh Arathi
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the two nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments on root dentin thickness using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and ability to remove the smear layer using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:

The effect of two NiTi rotary instruments such as XP Endo shaper and ProTaper Gold (PTG) in retaining adequate dentin thickness and debridement (i.e., removal of smear layer) was evaluated in vitro using CBCT and SEM. After cleaning and shaping of the root canal with adequate irrigation, the effect of two NiTi instrument systems at 3 mm (apical), 6 mm (middle), and 9 mm (coronal) levels on buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal aspects in terms of amount of dentin removal and smear layer removal was evaluated. The data were analyzed using student's unpaired t-test with a significance of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

Both NiTi instrument systems had no statistically significant difference in amount of dentin removal at all three levels and on all four aspects. In smear layer removal, PTG had significantly better efficacy compared to XP Endo shaper at the coronal third of root canal.

Conclusion:

Instrumentation with XP Endo Shaper and PTG showed a similar amount of dentin removal. PTG has a significant effect on smear layer removal compared to XP Endo Shaper only at the coronal third of root canal.
Evaluation of Class II Restoration Microleakage with Various Restorative Materials
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Saleem Agwan Muhammad Atif , Ghani Bushra , Khatri Megha , Bopache Pooja , Aziz Mian Salman
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives:

The quest for a suitable esthetic material for tooth restoration has resulted in significant advancements in both material properties and application technique. Composites and acid-etch procedures are two significant advancements in esthetic restorative dentistry. Further research has strengthened composites' overall wear resistance and strength, but the problem of polymerization shrinkage has persisted. To reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage, a variety of techniques and material modifications have been suggested. The marginal leakage of amalgam, packable composite, flowable composite with packable composite, and high-viscosity traditional glass ionomer cement (GIC) was compared in this analysis to test the mentioned hypothesis.

Materials and Methods:

We chose 60 freshly extracted teeth and divided them into four classes of 15 teeth each. Class II cavities were prepared in a standardized manner. Group I was treated with amalgam, Group II with packable composite (GC G-aenial Posterior), Group III with flowable composite (G-aenial Universal Flo) as a liner and then restored with packable composite (GC G-aenial Posterior), and Group IV with high-viscosity traditional GIC (EQUI FORTE FILL). After that, the restorations were put through a thermocycling process. The specimens were soaked in 0.5% methylene blue dye before being cut into mesiodistal sections to assess microleakage at the gingival margin. After that, the parts were examined under a stereomicroscope. The degree of dye penetration was used to determine the score.

Results:

There was no microleakage in the control group, and the gap between the control and experimental groups was statistically significant (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:

The glass hybrid restorative device had less gingival microleakage than the resin-based restorative material, indicating that it has a better sealing capacity. Clinical acceptability of glass hybrid restorative systems, on the other hand, must be confirmed with a larger sample size and in vivo trials.
Various Assisted Bone Regeneration in Apicectomy Defects Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Sumangali Ananad , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Kollipara Jeevana , Mirza Mubashir Baig , Brar Rajwinder Singh , Dhewale Akshay M.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

In the endodontic surgery, the common applications are the procedures that apply regenerative methods. There are various methods that help in the regeneration after the endodontic root end cutting or apicectomy. The outcome of the apicectomy depends on the procedure and the material. Hence in the present study, we intend to conduct the systemic review and meta-analysis of the various assisted bone regeneration in apicectomy defects.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted by the online search of the data that included the studies for the regenerative procedure in the endodontic surgery in patients with various periapical pathologies. The data search engines were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The risk of the bias was calculated. The study participants were divided into case and control groups. Case group had undergone the regenerative surgery for the persistent periapical lesions, while the control group had not undergone the regenerative surgery for the persistent periapical l. The clinical and the radiograph outcomes were compared between the control and the case groups. Meta-analysis was done and the subgroups were evaluated.

Results:

From a total of 1561 articles, only 11 were finalized for the study to conduct the meta-analysis. The bias was noted for majority of the studies most of which were clinical trials. It was observed that the regenerative methods used in the endodontic surgery have significantly improved the outcome. The application of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene only has no significant effect; however, application of the autologous platelet concentrates or collagen membranes only had good outcomes. The combination of the materials showed a significant outcome than when applied alone.

Conclusions:

From this meta-analysis, it is evident that regenerative procedures are beneficial in the endodontic apicectomy procedures. The materials used in these procedures will augment the outcome. A better prognosis is expected if the combination of the materials is used.
Aluminium Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Cerebellum in the Presence of Ethanol Coexposure
Authors: Ghosh Buddhadeb , Sharma Ravi Kant , Yadav Suman
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Both aluminium and ethanol are pro-oxidants and neurotoxic. Moderately intake of alcohol may favor the body in coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus etc. Being cheaper aluminium and increasing consumption of alcohol in India mixed with each other and may induce neurotoxicity. The present study was planned to identify the level of aluminium induced neurodegeneration in presence of ethanol coexposure in the cerebellum.

Materials and Methods:

An experimental study was carried out at Dr. RP Government Medical College, Kangra, and Government Medical College, Amritsar, India after due approval from the Institute Animal Ethics Committee. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into one vehicle control and three experimental groups. Group I received the normal saline water as the vehicle control group. Group II received aluminium chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight as the experimental group. Group III received ethanol 1 g/kg body weight as the experimental group. Group IV received both aluminium chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight and ethanol 1 g/kg body weight as the experimental group. After 3 months of treatment, cerebellum was processed for histopathological observation under the microscope.

Results:

Experimental group treated with aluminium and ethanol separately showed reduction in the number of Purkinje cells, without a prominent nucleolus and well-defined nuclear membrane. Eosinophilic swelling adjacent to Purkinje cell bodies observed. The effects of combined administration of aluminium ethanol treated groups showed with acute neurodegeneration of Purkinje cell layer and granular layer. Pyknosis and neurofibrillary tangle seen in Purkinje cells.

Conclusions:

It has been suggested that the ethanol-induced the effects of aluminium on the cerebellum and plays a significant role in neurotoxicity.
Retention of Various Luting Agents Used with Implant-Supported Crowns
Authors: Sathyanarayan Santhosh , Balavadivel Tamizhesai , Guru Rakshit C. , Sande Abhijeet Rajendra , Rajendran Venkateswaran , Sengottaiyan Arul Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Implant supported crowns can either be screw retained or cement retained. Recent advances in implant dentistry has improved the longevity of the implant restoration and has placed importance on esthetics and function. Cement retained restoration has added advantage of superior esthetics and is preferred by the clinician. However, selecting the ideal type of cement for luting implant supported crown has been a topic of debate.

Methodology:

A study was conducted at ESIC Dental College & Hospital, Kalaburagi to determine the retentive ability of three different luting agents. 30 samples were divided into three groups and luted with Zinc phosphate, Zinc Polycarboxylate and Glass ionomer cement. The retentive strength was evaluated using universal testing machine.

Results:

Results proved that zinc poly carboxylate cement had the highest retentive value followed by glass ionomer and zinc phosphate.
COVID 19 Scoping
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Nishan Mohammed , Sainudeen Shan , Sanskriti  , Jha Kunal , Mahobia Ashish , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The world has faced the pandemic of COVID-19 in the march of 2020 and still it continues to effect in 2021. Hence, in the present study we aim to evaluate the gulps in the research so that certain recommendations can be made for the future research. We conducted a scoping review of the COVID meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Online data was collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were COVID-19, CORONA, SARS-CoV-2, clinical features, Wuhan, etc. The study articles were collected that from January 2020 to February 2021. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the meta-analysis was performed.

Results:

In the present study, we finalized 316 articles. On February 2020, the first article was published. We observed a spike in the meta-analysis later on. Most of the meta-analysis were issued in the virology and infection magazines. As expected, the majority studies were from Wuhan. The other countries that published the meta-analysis were the USA, the UK, and Italy. The studies included in each meta-analysis were nearly 25 and the subjects were approximately 16 thousand. However, we noticed a poor quality in majority of these meta-analysis and <10% of all the meta-analysis showed higher confidence.

Conclusion:

A poor quality of the meta-analysis has predominated the data and very few are of high quality. All the journal editors and the reviewing team should verify and thoroughly organize the protocol so that only high quality meta-analysis are encouraged.
Evaluation of Reduction Protocols in Managing Aerosol Generation in Caries Management in COVID 19 in Riyadh
Authors: Alamri Abeer Ayiad , Almutairi Ayad Bulayd , Hawsah Abeer Mohammed , Aljarullah Atheer Hussain , Almeerabdullah Yara Waleed , Alenezi Maha Abdullah , Ahmed Suhael
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

External high-volume extraction (HVE) devices may offer a way to reduce any aerosol particulate generated. The aim of this study was to measure the particle count during dental aerosol-generating procedures and compare the results with when a HVE device is used.

Materials and Methods:

Design A comparative clinical study measuring the amount of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 aerosol particulate with and without the use of an external HVE device was undertaken. Materials and methods in total, ten restorative procedures were monitored with an industrial Trotec PC220 particle counter. The intervention was an external HVE device. Main outcome methods the air sampler was placed at the average working distance of the clinicians involved in the study − 420 mm.

Results:

In the present study, aerosol particulate was recorded at statistically significantly increased levels during dental procedures without an external HVE device versus with the device. Discussion The null hypothesis was rejected, in that significant differences were found between the results of the amount of aerosol particle count with and without a HVE device.

Conclusion:

If the results of the present study are repeated in an in vivo setting, an external high-volume suction device may potentially show a lower risk of transmission of viral particulate.
Functional Role of Inorganic Trace Elements on Enamel and Dentin Formation
Authors: Shaik Izaz , Dasari Bhargavi , Shaik Asma , Doos Mina , Kolli Hemanadh , Rana Devyani , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Calcium and phosphate are the major components of hydroxyapatite crystals that form the inorganic portion of the teeth. Apart from these, certain elements are present in little amounts in enamel and dentin of the human teeth. Although they are required in minute quantities, their absence may alter healthy development of enamel and dentin and may result in developmental tooth defects as well as dental caries. Furthermore, excessive intake of some trace elements may inversely affect tooth development and health. The exact of effects that trace elements have on teeth and oral health is still an unexplored territory. The present paper reviews the presence of trace elements in teeth and their role in tooth health and development.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Biomarker Levels in e-Cigarette Smokers and Conventional Smokers
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Anand Kumar , Bhargava Manish , Kolluri Amulya , Kumar Madhuresh , Palve Devendra H.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature.

Objectives:

The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated.

Results:

Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.
Assessment of the Survival of a Single Implant-Supported Cantilever Prosthesis in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Kumari Soni , Singh Gagan Preet , Bagalkot Kishor B. , Subramanium Angel , Isaac Tarun Koshy , Chandni
Published: February 2023

Background:

Implant dentistry has seen rapid and remarkable progress in recent years. The present study assessed the survival of a single implant-supported cantilever prosthesis (ISCP) in the anterior mandible.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-four patients with missing mandibular anterior teeth of both genders were provided with a single implant and restored with cantilever screw-retained prosthesis. All were followed for 2.5 years for the implant and prosthetic success.

Results:

Age group of 20–30 years comprised 14 males and 10 females, 30–40 years had 10 males and eight females, 40–50 years had six males and seven females, and 50–60 years had four males and five females. The difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). A screw loosening was seen in total of 15 cases, in 1 at 12 months, 5 at 18 months, 2 at 24 months, and 7 at 30 months, and porcelain fracture was seen in total of eight cases, in 4 at 18 months, 1 at 24 months, and 3 at 30 months. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Screw-retained ISCP developed complications such as screw loosening and porcelain fracture.