bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of transforaminal nerve root block using posterolateral approach in patients with low back ache due to PIVD in a tertiary care centre of North India
Authors: Raina Gagandeep Singh , Gupta Sanjeev , Kour Bhavneet , Lone Zubair A. , Kour Anita
Published: April 2021

Background: Back ache has become a common phenomenon in our society, reason being our sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle. Transforaminal administration of steroid and analgesia is an important modality in the conservative management of prolapsed lumbar disc. The aim of this study is to assess functional outcome of transforaminal epidural analgesic injection in cases of chronic back pain due to prolapsed intervertebral disc.Methods: 152 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criterias were given the block and were compared pre and post injection using ODI score.Results: Most patients in study were in fourth or fifth decade and had complained of pain for more than a year. L4-L5 was found to be the most common level involved. Post injection 129 patients out of 152 reported minimal pain and most of the patients reported improvement in pain post block.Conclusions: We concluded that tranforaminal block is an effective method of achieving pain relief in most patients for some duration and can help in delaying and in some cases avoiding the need for surgery.
Correlation between sonological and clinical profile of mesenteric lymphadenitis among children in a tertiary care hospital of central Kerala
Authors: Joseph Vinod , Titus Danny Jose , Varghese Aby Dany , John Jijo Joseph , Mohan Girija , Mathew Geethu , Joseph Achu , Punnakudiyil Tom Jojo
Published: April 2021

Background: For abdominal pain in children, imaging is routinely applied to make a possible diagnosis both in the outpatient and in the emergency department. Though the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis is made often these days, the significance of the size and number is still ambiguous and most studies consider mesenteric lymphadenitis is defined as three or more lymph nodes that are each 5 mm or greater in the short axis.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in central Kerala and the study tool included a detailed structured questionnaire.Results: Our study included 115 children with pain in the abdomen. 69 were found to have mesenteric lymphadenitis. Younger age group, fever as a symptom and acute infective gastroenteritis are statistically significantly associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis.Conclusions: In our study, acute infective gastroenteritis was the most common cause to be associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis which was. The incidence of mesenteric lymphadenitis was found to be more in children below 5 years.
Fabrication and Characterization of Dental Implants with Yttria- Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Khodaei Mohamad , Valanezhad Alireza
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Zirconium oxide or zirconia have been used for the fabrication of dental implants due to their biocompatibility, hardness, toughness, compressive strength and chemical stability. The aim of this study is investigating the effect of sintering time on the properties of zirconia dental implant.
Materials and Methods: In this research, which was performed at Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, at 2019, zirconia-yttria mol.% 3 powder was pressed and sintered at 1450°C at different times (5 samples for each condition) and the effect of time on the phase, structural and mechanical properties of the sintered samples was investigated. One-way ANOVA statistical analysis was performed with the 0.05 level of significance using Graph Pad Prism 6 software.
Results: The results of XRD phase analysis show that sintering time change has a significant effect on the phase changes of the samples and the Vickers hardness of the samples shows a significant increase with increasing sintering time due to shrinkage and decrease in porosity of the samples. But the 12 hour times of sintering caused phase changes in the samples which is not desirable.
Conclusion: Therefore, for the fabrication of zirconia parts with minimum porosity and optimum hardness, a moderate sintering time (6 hours) is recommended.
Evaluation of Blood Pressure Changes after IAN Block Injection with Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:80000 and its Relation with Anxiety
Authors: Parnianjooy Forough , Gholestaneh Arash , Haghani Yamin
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Many patients experience anxiety when they visit a dentist and anxiety causes an increase in the patient's blood pressure, as well as an injection of epinephrine, is also effective in increasing the blood pressure of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure following injection of lower jaw blocking with lidocaine containing 1: 80000 epinephrine and its association with anxiety level in patients
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 129 patients referred to the dental school of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan were selected and their blood pressure was measured before injection of anesthetic drug and ten minutes later. The anxiety level of the patients was determined using a dental anxiety inventory and the relationship between the level of anxiety and blood pressure in the patients before and after injection was measured. Data were analyzed by T-paired statistical test, regression and Pearson test.
Results: There is a positive correlation between the patient's systolic and diastolic blood pressure before the injection and the anxiety score is significant (p value < 0.001). There was also a significant association between the degree of correlation between mean pressure and anxiety score (p value < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between injection pressure and anxiety scores. (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: Lidocaine injection containing epinephrine 1: 80,000 in patients undergoing mandibular block is associated with a significant increase in patients' systolic blood pressure. There was also a significant relationship between patients 'levels of anxiety and blood pressure, which had a greater effect on patients' blood pressure than epinephrine injections.
Assessment of the knowledge and Attitude of General Dentists toward Denture Adhesives in the Isfahan Province
Authors: Mosharraf Ramin , Nadian Farshad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The knowledge and attitude of dentists toward the use of denture adhesives vary worldwide, and may be affected by different factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of the general dentists toward the use of denture adhesives. 
Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study that was done in 2019 in the city of Isfahan, the knowledge and attitude of 151 general dentists toward denture adhesive in the Isfahan city were assessed using a 16-item questionnaire. Besides, the participants' age and gender were recorded as well. Statistical analyses were done by One-way ANOVA and T-test with the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The liquid and powder (57.2%) forms of denture adhesives were the most prevalent favored types of adhesives. The incidence of adverse effects following the adhesives administration (55%) was the most common underlying etiology for the reluctance to use them. The mean of knowledge and attitude scores were (54.22 ± 14.37) and (43.32 ± 14.41), respectively, that both were at an intermediate level. Neither knowledge score (p value = 0.91) nor attitude score (p value = 0.06) was affected by gender. Similar insignificant associations were found for age (p value = 0.31 for knowledge and 0.37 for age) as well. A significant direct association was found between knowledge and attitude (p value = 0.02, r = 0.196).
Conclusion: Both of the knowledge and attitude of the studied population were in the intermediate range. Besides, neither their knowledge nor their attitude was affected by age and gender. We observed that the attitude was directly associated with the dentists' knowledge.
Effects of Using Music Methods, 3D Glasses and Behavioral Control on Children’s Anxiety during Dental Treatment
Authors: Hashemi Mohanna Sadat , Javadi Nezhad Shahrzad , Talebianpour Saeedeh
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Dental anxiety in children is a challenge in managing patients. The effect of this anxiety may continue until adolescence and be a reason for avoiding dental treatments. The aim of this study was compare the effectiveness of using music, 3D glasses and behavioral control methods on children’s anxiety during dental treatments.
Materials and Method: This Experimental cross sectional study carried out on 96 children aged between 5-8 years without any systemic. The children were divided into three groups; control (basic behavior guidance techniques without distraction), audio (basic techniques plus music) and AV (basic techniques plus 3D AV) distraction groups. The anxiety score was assessed by using MCDASf method, before local anesthesia, after LA and after restoration. Pain rate measured with VAS and the behavior of children during dental treatment measured with Houpt index. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The mean of anxiety in different stages before starting work, after anesthesia and after repair, was significantly different in the 3D glasses group (p value = 0.004), using music (p value = 0.018) and behavioral control (p value = 0.002). The lowest anxiety level in the 3D glasses group and the highest anxiety in the control group was. The best group in reducing the amount of pain after anesthesia and cooperation was the 3D glasses group.
Conclusion: Use of 3D glasses in dental treatment can decrease dental anxiety in children. And children cooperation with 3D glasses was better than other methods.
The Effect of Amitriptyline and Sertraline on the Tooth Movement, Root Resorption and Alveolar Bone Remodeling After Load Application in Dogs
Authors: Rafiei Mehdi , Sadeghian Sousan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Antidepressant drugs are the most commonly prescribed classes of pharmacologic agents in the public. The drugs have been shown to have a role in the regulation of bone cell function and as a result affecting the orthodontic tooth movements. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Amitriptyline and Sertraline on the tooth movement, root resorption and alveolar bone remodeling after load application in dogs.  
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 9 male dogs were randomly divided into three groups, first group sertraline, second group Amitriptyline and the control group (normal saline). A nickel titanium spring (200 gr) was used between second premolar and canine after 1st premolar extraction. After 2 months, the reduction of distance between 2nd premolar and canine was measured. The percentages of root resorption and bone formation were determined. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis at significance level of 0.05.  
Results: In the three groups of amitriptyline, sertraline and control, the mean of teeth movement (p value = 0.483), external root resorption (p value = 0.608), total bone mineral density (p value = 0.078), bone formation percentage (p value = 0.616) and immature and lamellar bone formation (p value = 0.083), there was no statistical difference in any group and in premolar teeth
Conclusions: The rate of tooth movement and the percentages of bone formation and root resorption in dogs decreased with systemic administration of amitriptyline and sertraline; although this reduction was not statistically significant in comparison with control group.
Comparison of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash and Persica Mouthwash on the Color of Resin Composite
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Fatemeh , Fakhar Hooman , Akbari Hosein , Mosharraf Ramin , Farzad Azin
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Discoloration of resin composite restorations can lead to patient dissatisfaction. 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes are among the agents that cause discoloration. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of discoloration caused by the 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes on resin composite samples.
Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted in Kashan and Isfahan School of Dentistry in 2020-2021. Number of 30 disc-shaped samples were fabricated from Charisma Diamond resin composite. The initial color of samples was measured by CIE Lab system in spectrophotometer. Then samples were divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C) (n = 10).The control group (A) was placed in distilled water, group B was immersed in the 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash and group C was immersed in the Persica mouthwash. The color of the samples was measured again afterwards. Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and t-Test (α = 0.05).
Results: The amount of l, a, b and ΔE after using 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes increased. The mean of Δl, Δa, Δb and ΔE showed significant differences between groups (p value < 0.05).
Conclusion: The discoloration of Persica mouthwash was more than 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash and control group. Therefore, for patients with resin composite restorations, 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash is better.
Comparison of Accuracy of Digital Periapical Radiography with Digital Bitewing in Evaluation of Bone Resorption in Posterior Teeth
Authors: Rafiei Ehsan , Safari Elnaz , Ghaffari Roshanak
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Radiography is a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of periodontal disease. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two periapical radiographic and digital biting techniques in assessing bone resorption in posterior teeth of patients with chronic periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 36 samples of interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth in patients with chronic periodontitis, candidate of flap surgery referring to the department of periodontitis, faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) in 2015. First two methods of imaging include periapical and digital bitewing were performed and the necessary distances were measured by a radiologist. Then, during surgery, and before the bone contour correction, the distance from the reference point to the alveolar bone shaft (gold standard) was measured by a Williams probe. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test. (α = 0.05).
Result: Out of 36 specimens, respectively in bitewing and periapical radiographs 2 and 1 cases were equal with clinical and in 16 (44.4%) and 20 (55.6%) distances were more. The average difference of amount of bone resorption in bitewing was 0.2 ± 0.12 mm and there was no significant difference between estimated mean value (p value = 0.01). Average difference of amount of bone resorption in periapical to clinical method was 0.87 ± 0.26 it was significant difference (p value = 0.001).
Conclusion: According to result, the use of bitewing radiography to determine the rate of bone resorption in posterior teeth is preferable to periapical radiography.
Türkiye’de Yolsuzluk ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZSOY Ferda
Published: April 2021

Çalışmada Türkiye’de 1995-2016 gözlem aralığında kamudaki yolsuzluğun çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile incelenmiştir. Ekonomik büyümenin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki doğrusal etkilerinin yanı sıra olası parabolik ve kübik etkileri de incelenmiş, bu doğrultuda ekonomik büyüme ve ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişki EKC hipotezi çerçevesinde test edilmiştir. Ayrıca dışa açıklık endeksi ve yolsuzluk endeksinin de çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kısa dönemde ekonomik büyüme ile çevre kirliliği arasında N-şeklinde bir ilişki tespit edilmiş; dışa açıklık endeksinin ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğu ve yolsuzluğun ise çevre kirliliğini artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme ile çevre kirliliği arasında ters N-şeklinde ilişki tespit edilmiş; dışa açıklık endeksi ve yolsuzluk değişkenlerinin katsayısının istatistiki olarak anlamsız olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Çocuk Hikâye Kitaplarında Spor ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Temasının İncelenmesi
Authors: TEL Mikail , KARAKAYA Yunus Emre , GÜR Ercan
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırma, çocuk hikâye kitaplarında yer alan sağlıklı yaşam ve spor temalarını ortaya koymak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Elazığ İl Halk Kütüphanesi’nde ve ilköğretim okullarında yer alan kütüphanelerde yer alan 100 kitap incelenmiştir. İncelenen eserlerde sağlıklı yaşam teması olarak en yüksek düzeyde, düzenli beslenme, çevre temizliği dinlenme gibi etkinliklere yer verildiği görülmüştür. Kitaplarda, spor teması olarak güreş, kano, basketbol gibi sporlara yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çocuklar için hazırlanan kitaplarda spor aktiviteleri ve sağlıklı yaşama yönelik çeşitlilik fazla görülse de sportif aktivitelerini anlatan metinlere düşük düzeyde yer verildiği görülmüştür.
The Effect of Covid-19 on BIST-100 and Exchange Rates Influencing Businesses
Authors: İSLAMOGLU Mehmet , YETGİN Muhammed Ali , KAYHAN Fatih
Published: April 2021

Covid-19, appearing first in City of Wuhan in People's Republic of China in December 2019, infected all continents, regions and countries in a very short period. Covid-19 influenced the humanity in terms of health, economic and social aspects. The effect of Covid-19 on the economy is studied in this research. Businesses are considered as one of the most important actors of the country's economy. Investments in stocks, stock exchange and exchange rates determine the activities of businesses. The effects of Covid-19 pandemic on exchange rates (USD/TL and EURO/TL) and BIST-100 are examined in this study. E-views 9.0 statistical program is used in this research. Phillips-Perron unit root test and multiple regression tests are employed in the analyses. The study concludes by suggesting that Covid-19 daily number of cases and number of patients that recover the pandemic have significant effect on USD/TRY, EUR/TRY and BIST-100, which are leading economic and financial indicators as far as Turkey is concerned.
Marka Kent Kişiliği: Doğu Karadeniz Şehirleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Erdem , ASLAN Emre Ş. , YARAR Ali Erkam
Published: April 2021

İnsana özgü olan kişilik özelliklerinin, nesnelere de aktarılabilir olmasının bir sonucu olarak ürün, hizmet veya destinasyonlara kişilik özelliği yüklenebilmektedir. Marka olmanın temel unsurlarından olan kişilik özelliklerine sahip olma durumu, çoğunlukla kendiliğinden gelişen, kontrolsüz ve bilinçsiz bir sürecin sonucudur. Hâlbuki markalaşmak isteyen bir destinasyonun atması gereken ilk adımlardan biri iyi düşünülmüş ve planlanmış bir kişilik özelliğine sahip olmaktır. Çoğunlukla kendiliğinden ve rastgele bir şekilde oluşan kişilik özellikleri, insan ile nesne arasındaki etkileşimin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Doğu Karadeniz şehirlerinin marka kent kişilikleri üzerine odaklanan bu çalışma, iç paydaşların kendi şehirleri ile ilgili tutumlarını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Örneklem olarak ele alınan her bir şehir ile ilgili kişilik önerilerinin de sunulduğu bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, şehirler çok özgün kişilik özelliklerine sahip değillerdir.
İç Kontrol Odaklı Girişimcilik Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇETİN Münevver , ŞALLI Duygu
Published: April 2021

Girişimcilik, ülke ekonomilerinin büyümesine katkı sağlayan önemli faktörlerden biridir. Değişen koşullara uyum sağlayabilmek için akademisyenlerin bireysel olarak girişimciliğe yönelik çabalarının olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada akademisyenlerin iç kontrol odaklı girişimcilik eğilimlerini tespit edebilmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye genelindeki üniversitelerde görev yapan akademisyenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş olan 571 akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 7 faktör belirlenmiştir. İç kontrol odaklı girişimcilik ölçeğine ilişkin Cronbach Alpha katsayısı 0.894 değeri ile çok yüksek bulunmuş ve geliştirilmiş olan ölçeğin akademisyenlerin iç kontrol odaklı girişimcilik eğilimlerini ölçebilecek geçerliğe ve güvenirliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Saphenous Nerve Entrapment Neuropathy After Closed Tibial Fracture
Authors: Haraguchi Toshiaki , Kume Shinichiro , Jimbo Kotaro , Gotoh Masafumi , Shiba Naoto , Okawa Takahiro
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 43-year-old man who underwent intramedullary nailing for a closed tibial fracture developed saphenous nerve entrapment neuropathy. He developed severe medial leg pain, which was worse on walking or standing, 2 years postoperatively. Surgical neurolysis resulted in complete pain relief and functional recovery of the limb without recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should consider several etiologies in the diagnostic evaluation of a patient with chronic pain after limb trauma. If a patient complains of lower extremity pain after intramedullary fixation of closed fractures of the tibial shaft, the possibility of saphenous nerve entrapment neuropathy should be considered.
ANCIENT INDIAN SCRIPTURES AND HUMAN VALUES
Authors:   PhD Scholar, Department of Sports Science and Yoga, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, India., Roy Raju
Published: April 2021

Value education is inextricably linked to every step of our life. It helps in the manifestation of the personality and character of an individual and makes a good citizen. Citizens with values produce a peaceful society. But the question arises how values can develop? Usually, educational institutes are one of the platforms where values are being imparted among the students which are really important. The purpose of the article is to understand the importance of scriptures for the development of human values. Various scholars have mentioned that scriptures increase positivity among the individual. The ancient scriptures like Bhagavat Gita, Upanishad and Patanjali Yoga Sutra, etc. rightly indicating the way of inculcating values.The scriptures knowledge awaken humanity within children, show the right path in life, make them honest, hardworking, courageous, and remove violence from society, establish peace, and remove the religious bigotries.Therefore, need to understand ancient scriptures and incorporate it into our educational curriculum.
ASSESSING BREAST DISORDERS AND FEASIBILITY OF BREAST-I LED MACHINE AMONG WOMEN OF RURAL AREA OF CHANDIGARH, INDIA
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Kumari Saini Shushma , Nongspung Kmendalin , a Meenakshi , b Arti , Kaur Bhupinder , Kaur Arwinder , Patil Nilesh
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in India causing highest cancer deaths in India as per GLOBOCAN 2018. Early diagnosis and treatment helps in improving prognosis and prolonging life. BREAST-i LED machine is one of the technology, for screening breast cancer at early stage. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of BREAST-i LED machine to screen breast cancer. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted on 300 convenient selected women in the age group of 30-60 years. Data was collected by house-to-house survey and all the women in surveyed house were registered for the study. They were interviewed as per the interview schedule comprised of a) Socio-demographic profile b) reproductive profile c) cancer related history and sign/symptoms. . By using BREAST-i LED machine the breast examination was done and the clinical breast examination was done there after to screen any sign of breast cancer. Identified cases were referred for confirmation of diagnosis. The data entry and analysis was done on SPSS (version 20). Results: The majority of the participants were between the age of 40-50years (42%) and majority of them (89.33%) began their menstruation between the age of 11-15 years. More than half (53.66%) had their first pregnancy between the age of 21-30years More than half (58%) had not attained their menopause and 99.3% had no family history of breast cancer. A high level of suspicion of breast cancer using Breast-i-LED instrument was found among four women (1.33%). Same results were observed by clinical breast examinations as well. These women were referred for further confirmation of diagnosis. Conclusion: BREAST-i LED machine can be used in community for quick screening of suspicion of breast cancer.
Üstbilişi Geliştirmek İçin Düzenlenmiş Olan Öğretim Etkinliklerinin Öğretmen Adaylarının Üstbilişsel Farkındalıklarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAPLAN Gamze , AYKUT Çığıl
Published: April 2021

Giriş: Bu araştırmada öğretim elemanı tarafından dersin sunulmasında kullanılan üstbilişi düzenleyici öğretim etkinliklerinin öğretmen adaylarının üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının gelişimi ve akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulama özel eğitim öğretmenliği bölümü ikinci sınıf müfredatında yer alan Bütünleştirme dersinde yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmada ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel model kullanılmış, araştırmaya deney (n = 20) ve kontrol (n = 20) olmak üzere toplam 40 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Envanteri kullanılarak toplanmış, bağımsız örneklemler t-testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırma sonunda gruplar kendi içinde ön-test ve son-test puanları açısından karşılaştırıldığında ölçekten alınan toplam puan bakımından anlamlı fark oluşmadığı görülmüştür. Ölçeğin alt boyutları incelendiğinde deney grubunda planlamada alt boyutunda anlamlı fark bulunurken, diğer alt boyutlarda ise her iki grupta da ön-test ve son-test puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık oluşmadığı görülmüştür. Gruplar birbiri ile karşılaştırıldığında ise ölçekten alınan toplam puan, açıklayıcı bilgi ve değerlendirme alt boyutları arasında gruplar arasında fark olduğu belirlenmiştir.Tartışma: Yapılan uygulamanın üstbilişsel farkındalıkta bir değişime neden olduğu, öğretmen adaylarının üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının düşük düzeyde olduğu ve müdahale edilmedikçe gelişiminde ve kazanılmasında sınırlılıklar bulunduğu görülmüştür. Lisans düzeyinde Yükseköğretim Kurulunun ve mesleki yeterlilikler konusunda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığının yaptığı düzenlemelerde öz değerlendirme, öz düzenleme gibi beceriler öğretmenlik mesleği için birer gereklilik olarak belirtilmiştir. Bu nedenle tanımlamış olan yeterlilikleri karşılayacak düzenlemelerin işlevsel hale getirilmesine, öğretmen adaylarının seçimi ve atanması sırasında bu yeterliklerin karşılanmasına ilişkin alternatif değerlendirme yolları geliştirmesine ihtiyaç vardır.
Socioeconomic and structural profiles of the informal sector in the COVID-19 pandemics
Authors: Esparza-Rodríguez Saúl Alfonso , Martínez-Arroyo Jaime A. , Sánchez-Vargas Armando
Published: April 2021

The crisis considered as the "Great Confinement" caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has had a multidimensional impact on humanity, on a health, social, economic, and political level. One of the main effects has been reflected in an economic crisis unparalleled in human history. In the economic history of the human being, each crisis of a wide magnitude has demonstrated a relationship between sociodemographic and economic factors and the growth of the informal economy, such as the level of earnings, scholarship, search of an extra job sex and levels of inequality and poverty.
Method: Database was obtained from harmonized surveys made available by INEGI and SHCP, from where both quantitative and categorical data were identified that correspond to the structuralist and institutionalist dimension of informality. Based on that, we applied a Logit model to determine the probability of a person to belong to the informal sector of the economy, and a Probit model to identify reiterated variables of the model as well.
Results: Statistically representative variables to determine the probability to belong to the informal sector, with a global percentage of 72.5 %, are the years of school, age, economic inequality, percentage of poverty in each state, the degree of spending in fiscal obligations, the level of fiscal compensations due to belonging to RIF, the type of occupation, sex and the level of minimal wages earned.
Discussion or Conclusion: Considering the findings of the research, it is possible to infer that the people with higher risk of falling in the informality and continuing in it, show a characteristic profile that can be considered as a valid base to design effective public policies to reduce informality. The present research contributes trough the identification of a model that describes the profile of an individual with a higher probability of integrate to the informal sector of the economy, considering both sociodemographic and market structure factors, considering the effect of the pandemics in the current economic conditions.
Psychological distress, sanitary measures and health status in student’s university
Authors: Gutiérrez García Raúl Alejandro , Amador Licona Norma , Sánchez Ruiz Abraham , Fernández Reyes Pamela Lili
Published: April 2021

Introduction: COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. It has affected millions of people and represents an unprecedented threat not only to health, but also to the economy and educational processes. In the confinement, one of the vulnerable groups is that of students of various academic degrees. The objective was to describe the manifestations of psychological discomfort and health derived from the confinement measures in students of a private university in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. A secondary objective, due to the inclusion criteria, was to evaluate the differences between undergraduate and graduate students, as well as the associated factors in social coexistence, vulnerable groups and health measures.
 
Method: The participants were 641 students who were administered an online survey with a response rate of 77.6%. The participants were 63.1% women and 36.9% men. A total of 60.8% were undergraduate students and 39.2% graduate students. The mean age was 25.3 years. The instrument of measurement consists of 24 items, integrating Kessler's K-6 scale, with 6 specific questions on psychological distress referring to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the last month. Four questions on health aspects regarding COVID-19, 8 on healthy distance measures, and 6 on coexistence and habits at home were included. An odds ratio analysis was performed to identify the associated risk of health and coexistence with respect to psychological distress. At each stage, the ethical principles for the research were complied with and the dignity of the participants was respected, as well as the lawful treatment of personal information based on the principles of the current regulatory framework.
 
Results: The 92.6% lived in confinement with family, and the remainder alone or with friends. The 96.2% indicated not having symptoms of COVID. The 44.7% did not have a daily routine, 27.4% went out daily in confinement and 48.3% presented moderate to high and very high levels of psychological distress. A higher risk of presenting psychological distress was identified in women, postgraduate students, belonging to the health and humanities areas, presenting obesity and concern about being infected, not following sanitary measures and presenting any physical discomfort (ORs ranging from 2.05 to 7.02).
 
Discussion and conclusion: As in other populations, the monitoring of confinement measures is not uniform and there is a high proportion of psychological distress in undergraduate and graduate students. It is suggested to serve the population with higher risk with a comprehensive care model that incorporates the educational process, social coexistence and emotional management.
Mecanismos de ajuste y digitalización de las micro y pequeñas empresas ante el COVID-19 en México
Authors: Chiatchoua Cesaire , Lozano Arizmendi María Del Carmen
Published: April 2021

La crisis sanitaria que empezó al inicio de 2020 ha traído diversas consecuencias para la economía nacional e internacional. Las consecuencias han sido desde pérdidas humanas hasta la quiebra de empresas, especialmente las micro y pequeñas (MIPyMES). Lo que obligó a las empresas a utilizar diferentes canales para continuar con sus actividades. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar en qué medida las microempresas se inclinaron por vender en línea sus productos debido a la pandemia del COVID-19. Además, de generar un marco de soluciones para las diferentes actividades dentro y fuera de las MIPyMES en tiempo de COVID-19.
Método: Estudio descriptivo con un método cuantitativo. En el trabajo de campo se aplicó un sondeo a 200 empresas entre 1 hasta 50 empleados de sectores indistintos durante el mes de julio en la Ciudad de México. Para determinar si las MIPyMES han digitalizado sus actividades, se utilizaron las observaciones dadas por este sondeo a través de una inferencia estadística. Esto es, se determinó si aumentó la proporción de empresas que mudaron actividades a ventas en línea con relación a sus actividades antes de la pandemia, a través de estadístico de prueba para la proporción poblacional.
Resultados: Las empresas encuestadas son mayoritariamente micro, es decir de máximo 10 trabajadores perteneciendo al sector servicios y tienen aproximadamente 10 años operando en el mercado. Existe evidencia estadística que aumentó la proporción de MIPYMES que mudaron sus actividades a ventas en línea, con respecto a la forma de realizar sus actividades antes de la pandemia.
Discusión: Los periodos de crisis son una perfecta oportunidad para desarrollar actividades de innovación que permitan a las organizaciones sobresalir y lograr los objetivos aun en los momentos más difíciles. Las MIPyMES deben reinventarse para sobrevivir en esta época de crisis por lo que la introducción de la tecnología en las empresas se convierte en una necesidad para continuar con sus actividades y evitar el cierre definitivo.
Confinamiento por COVID-19 y detección de trastornos no orgánicos del ciclo sueño-vigilia en deportistas de alto rendimiento
Authors: Zapata Salazar Joel , Ríos Esparza Jesús Alberto , De los Santos Ramírez Stefany
Published: April 2021

El estudio del sueño es un fenómeno complejo que demanda un abordaje interdisciplinario. La conducta vinculada al sueño y los trastornos que de ella puedan derivar, son un fenómeno influido por diversos factores económicos, sociales, de salud física y mental, así como hábitos individuales. Collado (2016) refiere que las altas tasas de morbilidad vinculadas a trastornos del sueño, se han convertido en un problema de salud pública. El confinamiento debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, ha modificado los ciclos sueño-vigilia entre la población, exponiéndolos a riegos de salud mental. Esta condición afecta significativamente a deportistas de alto rendimiento quienes deben mantener estabilidad en sus rutinas de entrenamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la posible relación entre el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 y trastornos no orgánicos del sueño. Su justificación surge de las investigaciones vinculadas al perfil epidemiológico y polisomnográfico en la población mexicana, aún son incipientes.
Método. El presente estudio es cuantitativo de diseño transversal, de tipo exploratorio y alcance correlacional. Se trabajó con una muestra incidental, conformada por 68 participantes: 33 hombres y 35 mujeres, cuyo criterio central de inclusión fue la adherencia a programas deportivos formales, a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario Oviedo de Sueño (COS) (Bobes et. al, 2000), el cual se compone por 15 ítems, agrupados en 3 subescalas que miden: satisfacción subjetiva del sueño, insomnio e hipersomnio.
Resultados. Se encontró una correlación significativa en los cambios en los patrones de sueño-vigilia causados por la sobreexposición a dispositivos electrónicos, menor actividad diurna cotidiana, rompimiento con los hábitos y patrones cotidianos del trabajo/descanso y parasomnias.
Conclusión. Los resultados coinciden con investigaciones realizadas en otros perfiles sociodemográficos. El cambio de hábitos y patrones vinculados con la conducta del sueño, influyen en la presencia de trastornos no orgánicos del sueño-vigilia en la población estudiada como el insomnio no orgánico de inicio intermedio y los movimientos periódicos de extremidades (MPE), presentándose fatiga, distracción, disminución en la capacidad para trabajar en equipo e integrar información, así como para tomar decisiones y déficit en su rendimiento físico, deportivo y socio-laboral.
La gestión del cambio, la colaboración virtual y la agilidad estratégica organizacional de empresas mexicanas ante los impactos por el COVID-19
Authors: Fierro Moreno Eréndira
Published: April 2021

¿Cómo enfrentar una crisis mundial médica? ¿Cómo enfrentarla, si además se generó también una crisis económica mundial nunca antes vista? ¿Gestionar el cambio implica gestionar lo absurdo? Ante la pandemia, las organizaciones debieron hacer frente a la tensión y considerar que la estabilidad debe asumir los procesos de cambio, al ser éste inevitable y formar parte de la vida de la organización. La continuidad y el cambio no deben gestionarse como estados alternativos sino como estados coexistentes. Fue fundamental llevar a cabo estrategias tales como la colaboración virtual, la transformación digital y la agilidad estratégica organizacional.
Método: El objetivo de este artículo consistió en determinar en qué medida la gestión del cambio influye en la colaboración virtual, en la transformación digital y en la agilidad estratégica organizacional ante los impactos por la crisis por COVID-19. Con la revisión de literatura y apoyados en la Teoría de la Contingencia se formularon las hipótesis. La fuente de información fue mediante una encuesta de muestreo no probabilístico a 109 empresas de México y la unidad de análisis fue en su mayoría mandos directivos y medios. La metodología utilizada fue un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM).
Resultados: Los resultados indican que las empresas mexicanas emplearon estrategias asociadas con la gestión del cambio como: el teletrabajo en línea, la optimización del negocio, la inversión en tecnología y la diversificación como respuesta a la crisis derivada del COVID-19. Aunque no es posible establecer una relación de causalidad entre las variables en estudio, ya que la interpretación de la causalidad en el mundo real no se garantiza, sí fue posible establecer con estos resultados una discusión acerca de la influencia de la gestión del cambio en la colaboración virtual, en la transformación digital y en la agilidad estratégica organizacional ante la crisis por el Covid-19.
Discusión: Ante este entorno emergente las empresas replantearon sus estrategias para enfrentarse a la crisis generada por los impactos del COVID-19. La capacidad de adaptarse rápidamente a los cambios y de gestionarlo de la mejor manera es una capacidad importante y fundamental para mantener y a la vez, transformar a las organizaciones; al ser los cambios rápidos e intensos, es necesario que se gestione el cambio para que las organizaciones sean competitivas a corto plazo y sobrevivan a largo plazo. Los hallazgos de la investigación comprueban e indican que la gestión del cambio predice la colaboración virtual, la transformación digital y la agilidad estratégica organizacional; el análisis empírico de esta investigación ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de ésta para generar capacidades necesarias que las organizaciones requieren ante respuestas prontas y necesarias para garantizar su supervivencia y competitividad.
Prácticas de innovación implementadas por las MIPYMES del sector restaurantero ante el COVID-19 en Tabasco, México
Authors: De la Cruz May Samuel , May Guillermo Erika Guadalupe
Published: April 2021

Introducción: En la actualidad, las MIPYMES restauranteras en el estado de Tabasco, México deben reestructurar su propuesta de valor para enfrentar un entorno donde la contingencia sanitaria propiciada por el COVID-19 plantea oportunidades y amenazas a su efectividad. No obstante, poco se sabe sobre las prácticas que este tipo de empresas han realizado y los resultados que han obtenido durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la región sureste de México. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo consiste en identificar las prácticas de innovación que han implementado las MIPYMES del sector restaurantero en el municipio de Teapa, Tabasco durante el primer trimestre de la pandemia por COVID- 19 y los resultados derivados de su implementación.
Método: Se presenta una investigación descriptiva, con diseño metodológico no experimental, transversal y enfoque cualitativo, empleando la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de datos. La selección de la muestra fue por conveniencia, considerándose como unidades de análisis a seis MIPYMES ubicadas en el municipio de Teapa, Tabasco identificadas como restaurantes con servicio de preparación de alimentos a la carta o de comida corrida. Los informantes clave fueron los gerentes o propietarios de las MIPYMES participantes.
Resultados: Se identificó que las MIPYMES restauranteras visitadas han implementado prácticas de innovación en diferentes áreas de la empresa, destacándose la innovación de proceso a través de cambios en la forma de producción y distribución de platillos e implementación de rigurosos protocolos sanitarios; innovación de organización por medio de la asociatividad empresarial, modificaciones en la infraestructura y de acciones que favorecen la salud ocupacional; innovación de mercadotecnia, realizando la promoción y publicidad de bienes y servicios mediante el uso de tecnologías y redes sociales, e innovación de producto mediante la elaboración y venta de nuevos productos. A partir de la implementación de estas acciones, los informantes clave manifestaron haber tenido resultados favorables reflejados en los siguientes indicadores: satisfacción del cliente, rentabilidad, aprovechamiento del capital relacional y salud ocupacional.
Discusión: Los desafíos derivados de la pandemia por COVID-19 han motivado la innovación en diferentes ámbitos de las MIPYMES del sector restaurantero en el municipio de Teapa, Tabasco como medio para la superar la crisis económica del país y de la región.  Por lo tanto, se concluye que la innovación ante la crisis sanitaria no es una necesidad eventual sino un estilo de vida que deben adoptar las empresas de este sector como parte de su cultura empresarial.
Sıçanlarda Gebelik Süresince Yeşil Çay Tüketiminin Maternal ve Neonatal Hepatositlerde Sitokeratin-18 Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: SAYIN Oya , GÜRGEN Seren Gülşen , ÇETİN Ferihan , TUÇ YÜCEL Ayşe , İLDAN ÇALIM Selda
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gebelikleri süresince yeşil çay ekstraktıyla beslenen sıçanların ve yavrularının karaciğer dokularında sSitokeratin-18 (SK-18) düzey ve ekspresyonunu değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: On sekiz adet Wistar albino gebe sıçan, iki gruba ayrıldı: kontrol grubu ve (oral gavaj ile 50 mg/kg yeşil çay ekstraktı verilenuygulanan) yeşil çay grubu. Yirmi bir günlük gebelikten sonra, her iki gruptaki anne sıçanların ve doğdukları ilk gün yavruların karaciğer dokuları çıkarıldı. Bu doku örneklerinde SK-18 ekspresyonu ve düzeyi immünohistokimyasal olarak ve enzime bağlı immünosorbent analiz (ELISA) ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: İki grupta da maternal dokularda santral venlerin çevresindeki hepatositlerin hücre zarları yakınında kuvvetli SK-18 immünoreaksiyonu gözlendi. Kontrol grubu yenidoğan dokularında santral ven çevresindeki hepatositlerde zayıf SK-18 immünoreaksiyonu gözlenirken, yeşil çay grubunda hepatositlerin hücre zarı yakınında oldukça kuvvetli SK-18 immünoreaksiyonu gözlendi. Biyokimyasal incelemede de, maternal SK-18 düzeyleri her iki grupta da yüksek olup birbirinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermezken, neonatal SK-18 düzeyleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla yeşil çay grubunda anlamlı biçimde daha yüksekti.Sonuç: İmmünohistokimya ve ELISA sonuçlarımız gebelik süresince maternal yeşil çay tüketiminin yenidoğan karaciğerinde hücre hasarına neden olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Pesantren Aceh sebagai Wujud Menciptakan Perdamaian
Authors: Hayani Aida , Sa'diyah Miftahus , Hadi Khairul
Published: April 2021

According to the majority religious groups, in truth, always give priority boarding to the authority ta’dzim culture and a religious teacher Tgk, the more their binding normative frame, such as the doctrine of al-Muta’alim Ta’lim book, which does not allow the conflict in it. However, that happens, the social dynamics of schools that still apply the system of management of the potential sources based on a figure of clerics (as a role model at the same time policy makers), is actually very vulnerable to grow a conflict. As is the case in traditional Islamic boarding schools and semi-modern, conflicts occur, especially when the clerics who plays as the founder and owner of boarding dies, or when the pesantren, the founder or the resume, the teachers, caregivers, or also the family become involved in affairs outside of schools, for example, state, politics and others. By using descriptive analysis method with dispute resolution theory, This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological study through field studies. then, the formulation of problem is: How is conflict resolution in boarding using unique methods? The results show that including through intermarriage boarding, istighotsah, haul and akhirussanah. By stage of conflict resolution through the streets silaturrahmi as a process of conflict prevention, bahtsul matsa’il as the emphasis and conflict insulation, Tabayun as the process of setting and managing conflict and reconciliation as the final process of conflict resolution.
Expression of VWF and Interferon Î³ in renal allograft biopsies and correlation with inflammatory cells; Single center experience
Authors: Ali Alaa Abbas , Abd Kais Hassan , Saleem Zana Sidiq
Published: April 2021

Objective: Gene expression profiling by microarrays or RT PCR had been studied in certain western centers to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of allograft biopsy, however, such sophisticated tests are difficult to apply in developing countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and Interferon-gamma (IFNÎ³) as an end PCR product in renal allograft biopsy with different pathological categories.

Methods: Forty-nine indicated renal allograft biopsies were analyzed histologically by the Banff 2017 classification, inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemistry study for CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD68 markers, and a fresh tissue used for molecular study.

 Results: The biopsy findings were acute T-cell mediated rejection (A- TCMR) 30.6%, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy  (IF/TA) 22.4%, C4d-Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) 12.2%, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity (CNI) 10.2%, C4d+antibody mediated rejection (AMR) 10.2% and normal histology 14.3%. The only significant difference in VWF expression was between acute TCMR and normal, P=0.01, Spearman's correlation also showed a significant relationship between VWF and acute TCMR (r=0.53, P=0.01), and VWF was found to correlate with the numbers of interstitial CD4+ (r=0.29, P=0.03) and CD68+ (r=0.37, P=0.007) cells. IFNÎ³ expression  was significant in acute TCMR versus normal, P=0.009. Spearman's pair-wise testing showed  that INFÎ³ correlated with CD8 in both the glomerular (r=0.38, P=0.006) and interstitial (r=0.30, P=0.04) compartments and with CD16+ interstitial cells (r=0.36, P=0.01).

Conclusion: our molecular and IHC data distinguish acute TCMR from other forms of transplant pathology and mildly dysfunctional kidneys with normal histology.