bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fishing contributions to the household income in Mafia District, Tanzania
Authors: MPEMBA ANTHONIA , MOMBO FELISTER M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mpemba A, Mombo FM. 2019. Fishing contributions to the household income in Mafia District, Tanzania. Ocean Life 3: 74-85. The fishing sector is responsible for providing critical income for many families within fishing communities. Fishing activities explain the levels of income which, in the end, indicate whether a given fishing household is benefiting. This study was undertaken to assess the contribution of fishing to household income in Mafia District, Tanzania. The data were collected from randomly sampled 120 household heads using several methods such as questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), checklist and field observation. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics, and content analysis. A box plot was used to establish the significant relationship between household income contributions from fishing and other economic activities. In addition, content analysis was used in the analysis of qualitative data. The results revealed that several economic activities are conducted in the study area, where 41.47% of respondents indicated that fishing is the major economic activity in their households. The results showed that average household incomes from conducting fishing alone as the main economic activity was 51,250 TZS, fish-related activities were 15,000 TZS and other economic activities were 5,000 TZS per day. Since the study has revealed that fishing contributes to higher income in the household than other activities, therefore the study recommends that most of the households in the study area do not have access to credit for improving their activities, especially fishing the government should provide improved fishing gears for fishers with a low-interest rate.
New records of Leucosiid crabs Lyphira perplexa Galil, 2009 (Crustacea; Decapoda; Leucosiidae) in the northwest of the Arabian Gulf – Iraq
Authors: Al-Maliky Tariq H.Y.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Al-Maliky THY. 2020. Short Communication: New records of Leucosiid crabs Lyphira perplexa Galil, 2009 (Crustacea; Decapoda; Leucosiidae) in the northwest of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Ocean Life 4: 1-3. The present study reports the occurrence of one leucosiid crabs species Lyphira perplexa Galil, 2009 from Iraqi coast, Northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Considered, This was recording of crab for first time from the Iraqi waters and the Arabian Gulf. Previously, L. perplexa described from various sites in the Arabian Gulf. Taxonomic morphological details of the specie described and clarified are given here, The carapace is carried granules close to its dorsal surface, while the hepatic and the branchial are carries granules slightly larger, and in behind front were granules irregularly beaded cumference in behind front, different in size.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fishes and some environmental samples on the coast of Ghana
Authors: OSEI-YEBOAH EBENEZER , APPIAH-OPONG REGINA , OFOSUHENE MARK
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Osei-Yeboah E, Appiah-Opong R, Ofosuhene M. 2020. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fishes and some environmental samples on the coast of Ghana. Ocean Life 4: 4-16. The shift in industrialization in our society, including mining of coal and minerals, drilling for oil has led to the accumulation of xenobiotic products and natural chemical substances. The activities from mining and drilling have continuously contributed to the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lead to their deposition in coastal environments. The process ultimately leads to bioaccumulation in plants and animals, creating dangerous pollutants. PAHs is a well-known cause of cancer, mutation, and embryonic pathologies. In Jubilee oil fields, Ghana, oil drilling is ongoing. However, onshore baseline environmental assessment of PAHs has not yet been performed. In this study, we performed an environmental assessment of some communities bordering the oil drilling fields to establish (i) levels of fish DNA adduct formation of fishes, (ii) levels of PHA in soil, plants, water, and fish. Several fishes from three study areas showed the presence of micronuclei as evidence in the examination of blood smears, although their mean micronucleated frequencies were below the threshold frequency of 15%. There was no statistical difference between their mean frequencies using one-way ANOVA analysis with a p-value < 0.05 except that of the data from one species, Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766). Reverse-phase HPLC analysis of fish, water, plant and soil samples collected from six study sites was performed. Two fish species Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich, 1825) at Aboadze and Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) from Dixcove recorded four and one PAH compound, respectively with concentrations above the maximum contaminant levels of 30 ?g/kg set by the USEPA. The mean concentration of PAHs in water samples from two of the four study areas ranged from 1.4 to 1255 ?g/L. All samples recorded concentrations above the threshold limit value of 50 ng/L set by the World Health Organization. Sixty plant samples were collected across the six study areas, and only Erythrina senegalensis DC. and Ficus umbellata Vahl recorded the presence of PAHs with concentrations in the range of 0.15-4.70 mg/kg. Soil samples were collected from two different depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The mean concentration of PAHs in surface soils (0-15cm) ranged from 0.1 to 95 mg/Kg, with that at 15-30 cm ranging from 0.12 to 105 mg/kg. The PAH composition profile in all the samples was similar, with 2- 3 ring PAHs being dominant, which is suggestive of a petrogenic source.
Impact of salt pond industry on the changes of mangrove ecosystem in Kupang Bay, Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: KAPITAN ELSSI M. , ARJANA I GUSTI BAGUS , Santoso Priyo
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Kapitan EM, Arjana IGB, Santoso P. 2020. Impact of salt pond industry on the changes of mangrove ecosystem in Kupang Bay, Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 63-73. The study of the effect of salt pond industry on changes in mangrove ecosystems in Kupang Bay was carried out between July and September 2018. This study aims to examine the effect of the salt pond area and salt pond production on the dominance and diversity of mangrove population. The study was conducted by survey method through direct observation in the field and community interviews at three research stations. Data on mangrove vegetation were collected using the line transect method. The results of the study found 9 (nine) species from 4 (four) families. Overall tree density is relatively rare while seedling levels are categorized as high. The highest frequency types for tree level, saplings, and seedlings, namely Ceriops tagal. The results of the regression analysis showed that the area of salt ponds and the production of salt ponds did not have a significant effect on dominance and diversity of mangrove population (p>0.05). However, there was a positive relationship between salt pond area and salt pond production with the dominance of the mangrove population. Whereas, both salt pond area and salt pond production with a diversity of mangrove populations showed a negative relationship. These results indicate a tendency that an increase in both salt pond area and salt production will increase the dominance of the mangrove population, but decrease its diversity. This shows that the influence of the salt pond area and salt pond production has not had a significant effect on the dominance and diversity of mangrove populations in the current conditions.
A contribution to understanding blue carbon sequestration and forest structure in mangroves of different ages in a small island (Mauritius)
Authors: Ramdhun Devesee , Appadoo Chandani
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ramdhun D, Appadoo C. 2020. A contribution to understanding blue carbon sequestration and forest structure in mangroves of different ages in a small island (Mauritius). Ocean Life 4: 74-81. Mangrove biomes, a blue carbon coastal ecosystem, are considered as the most carbon-rich forest in the tropics, but there is a knowledge gap on their ecosystem services especially in small islands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the carbon stock in sediment and aboveground biomass of three different ages of Rhizophora mucronata forests along the coastline of Mauritius. Forest structure was assessed, and measurements of diameter at breast height were used to calculate biomass using allometric equation. Corer samples were collected in each site and sectioned into subsamples of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, to analyze soil bulk density and soil organic carbon. The highest SOC stock (470.08 t ha?¹) was recorded at Mahebourg and lowest (331.33 t ha?¹) in the young stand at Le Morne. The total organic carbon contents varied from 931.50±17.06 t ha?¹ (at Mahebourg) to 350.76±4.058 t ha?¹ (young forest at Le Morne). There was no significant difference in soil carbon density at different soil depths studied at Le Morne (n=81, p=0.430 (old forest), p=0.875 (young forest)), however, a different scenario was observed at Mahebourg (n=81, p=0.027). This study is the first to report on the potential of carbon storage at these sites in Mauritius and add to the knowledge of the ecosystem services of this ecosystem.
Isolation and 16S rRNA characterization of culturable bacteria derived from fire coral Millepora intricata in Morela Coastal Waters, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Agung Mochamad Untung K. , Khairunnisa Nuning , Astuty Sri , Lewaru Muhammad Wahyudin , Mulyani Yuniar
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Agung MUK, Khairunnisa N, Astuty S, Lewaru MW, Mulyani Y. 2021. Isolation and 16S rRNA characterization of culturable bacteria derived from fire coral Millepora intricata in Morela Coastal Waters, Maluku, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 4: 1-7. Millepora, well recognized as fire coral, has nematocytes that contain toxins as self-defense, allowing the associated bacteria to have a high level of adaptation to survive in this extreme environment. This research aims to isolate and characterize fire corals Millepora intricata-associated bacteria obtained from Morela coastal waters, Maluku, Indonesia using classical culture method. Sampling of M. intricata was carried out in August 2017 from the depth of 2-3 meters. The bacteria were grown in sea water-Nutrient Agar (NA) medium, streak plate method then used until pure isolates were obtained. Molecular identification of isolates was performed using 16S rRNA gene marker. The results indicated that nine culturable pure isolates were successfully obtained from M. intricata. Three isolates (MI.P1.B; MI.P2.C; and MI.P2.D2.K) then further proceed into molecular identification and sequencing. Alignment result based on the 16S rRNA databases repositored in the genebank (NCBI) showed that isolate MI P1.B has similarity to registered sequence of Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis strain k53 (NCBI acc no. NR_113220.1) with a sequence identity of 98%. Isolate MI.P2.C has a close relationship (98%) to registered sequence of Halomonas aquamarina strain DSM 30161 (NCBI acc no. NR_042063.1). Meanwhile, isolate MI.P2.D2.K has similarity to registered sequence of Halomonas zhanjiangensis strain JSM 078169 (NCBI acc no. NR_104283.1) with a sequence identity of 99%.
Genetic variations of Cheilopogon nigricans in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: INDRAYANI INDRAYANI , FINDRA MUHAMMAD NUR , JUFRI ADY , HIDAYAT HERLAN , PARIAKAN ARMAN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Indrayani I, Findra MN, Jufri A, Hidayat H, Pariakan A. 2021. Genetic variations of Cheilopogon nigricans in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 5: 22-28. This study reports DNA Barcoding results (sequencing of cox 1 mitochondrial gene fragments) of four Makassar Strait flying fish species belonging to the Exocoetidae family. Sampling was collected from around the Makassar Strait waters in West Sulawesi. This research was carried out by molecular identification using DNA barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) gene, the Wizard Promega CO1 primer kit. The molecular identification results showed that the collected fish had 100% and 99.10% genetic similarities with the species Cheilopogon nigricans from the South China Sea. The genetic variations of flying fish in the Makassar Strait are in the same group as flying fish originating from the South China Sea.
Litter assessment at the Sakumono and La Pleasure coastal areas, Ghana
Authors: ADJEI OBED , LAMPTEY ANGELA MANEKUOR
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Adjei O, Lamptey AM. 2021. Litter assessment at the Sakumono and La Pleasure coastal areas, Ghana. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 5: 83-91. Ghana has a difficult time managing waste, especially in the cities. The situation is even made worse in coastal urban areas by population growth. When the rains fall and wash the solid wastes downstream, most waste produced and lost inland ends up in the coastal and marine environment. In addition, revelers who use the areas for entertainment and tourism also contribute to the waste created. The Sakumono and La Pleasure Beaches in the Greater Accra Region served as the sites for this study. This study's primary goal was to assess how much waste was on the beaches at the two locations. The study made use of a transect measuring 1,000 m2. A total of 2,697 litter items were collected from the two beaches. During the survey, 50.07 kg from both sites comprised the entire weight of the litter collected. Comparatively, the amount of waste collected from La Pleasure was 18.28 kg, which accounted for 36.51% of the total amount of litter surveyed. The amount of trash collected from Sakumono Beach was 31.79 kg, representing 63.49% of the total litter surveyed. Plants were discovered to be the most prevalent material by weight and number. Plastics accounted for 72.56% of the total composition for both beaches, or 1,975 items, and 65.53% of the total composition, or 32.81 kg, respectively. In comparison to La Pleasure Beach, Sakumono Beach was found to be more littered. An alpha value of 0.05 (a p-value = 0.02) indicated this was significant. Ongoing monitoring, intensive education, and sensible policy initiatives are still essential to address the beach litter problem along Ghana's coasts.
Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals contamination in Korle and Kpeshie Lagoons, Ghana
Authors: CLOTTEY CAROLYNE ALBERTA , NUKPEZAH DANIEL , KORANTENG SAMUEL S. , DARKO DANIEL A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Clottey CA, Nukpezah D, Koranteng SS, Darko DA. 2021. Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals contamination in Korle and Kpeshie Lagoons, Ghana. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 36-50. Lagoons are highly productive coastal systems that could provide natural services to the surrounding ecosystem; however, their pollutions cause adverse changes in their natural environment. Korle and Kpeshie Lagoons in Ghana receive waste from industries and municipal sewage. Controlling and monitoring contaminants in these systems is very important to environmental protection. This study examined the presence of heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc) in sediments, crabs (Callinectes amnicola), and fish (Sarotherodon melanotheron) at Kpeshie and Korle Lagoons. Although lagoons are highly productive coastal systems that offer ecosystem services, their pollution has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Municipal sewage and industrial waste are dumped into Ghana's Korle and Kpeshie Lagoons. Contaminant monitoring and control in these systems are crucial for environmental protection. The study compared the concentrations of the heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, and zinc) in sediments, crabs (C. amnicola), and fish (S. melanotheron) at Kpeshie and Korle Lagoons to the environmental standards set by international organizations like the WHO and US EPA. The sediments from the Korle and Kpeshie Lagoons had traces of contamination in the following metal concentrations in S. melanotheron: cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, and arsenic, in that order: As, 0.397 ± 0.07; Cd, 1.10 ± 1.31; Pb, 1.227 ± 5.77; Cu, 3.494 ± 4.56; Cr, 5.895 ± 9.76; Zn, 23.225 ± 10.93, and in C. amnicola: As, 0.288 ± 0.07 mgkg-1; Cd, 4.60 ± 2.69 mgkg-1; Cr, 39.521 ± 55.89 mgkg-1; Cu, 31.085 ± 16.26 mgkg-1; Pb, 10.902 ± 12.95 mgkg-1; Zn, 36.042 ± 17.8 mgkg-1. The sediments are severely polluted with Cd and Pb, according to pollution indices like pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (Cf), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The FAO/WHO-allowable limit for cadmium, chromium, and lead was exceeded in C. amnicola and S. melanotheron. Consumption of C. amnicola and S. melanotheron does not appear to pose a potential non-carcinogenic health risk on an individual's daily basis. The estimated target hazard quotient (THQ) in Kpeshie Lagoon of Cd, Cr, and Pb of the fishery investigated was less than 1.
New record of the Armored Gurnard Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) from Java South Sea (Eastern Indian Ocean)
Authors: ANDRIMIDA ANTHON , WIADNYA DEWA GEDE RAKA , HARDIYAN FAUZUL ZAIN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Andeimida A, Wiadnya DGR, Hardiyan FZ. 2022. New record of Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) from Java South Sea (Eastern Indian Ocean). Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 74-79. Armored gurnard Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) was originally described by H. Schlegel in 1852 based on a specimen collected by E. A. Forsten from Ambon. S. laticeps belongs to the family Peristediidae and is known to be the fourth oldest persitediid fish ever described after Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758), P. orientale Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, and S. moluccensis (Bleeker, 1850). S. laticeps is known to have a wide distribution in temperate and tropical Indo-Pacific, but its records in Indonesian waters are still very limited. So far, only three recorded specimens of S. laticeps have been collected from Indonesian waters. A single Satyrichthys specimen was collected from a market vendor at Pondokdadap Fishing port in November 2022 and preserved under the PDD 2211-01 (341 mm SL) label. Based on its morphometrical characteristics and measurements, the specimen of Satyrichthys found in Pondokdadap was characterized as S. laticeps by examining the possession of the antrorse spines on the caudal peduncle, four lip barbels, and two chin barbels on each side of the head, asymmetrical parietal bones, and no distinct markings on the dorsal fin. This study provides a new record of S. laticeps existence in the Java South Sea after a single specimen was collected from off the south coast of Java and Bali, Indonesia (BMNH 1987.1.23.73, 291 mm SL) in 1987.
Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: NUR ALYA AFRA INAS , ARIFIANI KIRANA NURUL , RAMADHANDI ANANDA RILO , SABRINA AGRA DEWI , NUGROHO GILANG DWI , KUSUMANINGRUM LIA , RAMDHUN DEVESEE , BAO TRAN QUANG , YAP CHEE KONG , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Nur AAI, Arifiani KN, Ramadhandi AR, Sabrina AD, Nugroho GD, Kusumaningrum L, Ramdhun D, Bao TQ, Yap CK, Budiharta S, Setyawan AD. 2022. Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 103-109. Vegetation plays a vital role in providing environmental services in the form of storing carbon which can mitigate climate change. This study aimed to calculate Aboveground Biomass (AGB) and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java Province, Indonesia using an allometric equation. Biomass and carbon data at a tree (dbh >20 cm) and pole (dbh 10-20 cm) levels were collected using sampling plots distributed randomly at three stations, namely mangrove vegetation (Station I), coconut plantation (Station II), and agroforestry (Station III). The results showed that across the three research stations, there were a total of 23 plant species classified as tree and pole levels. At tree level, Rhizophora stylosa Griffith had the highest carbon stock with a value of 85.48 MgC/ha, while the lowest value was Nypa fruticans Wurmb with 0.02 MgC/ha. Similarly, at the pole level, the species with the highest carbon stock was R. stylosa, with a value of 65.88 MgC/ha, and the lowest was Theobroma cacao L. with 0.11 MgC/ha. The mangrove vegetation (Station I) had the highest carbon stock value of 200.53 MgC/ha. In contrast, the coconut plantation vegetation (Station II) has the lowest total carbon stock, with a value of 84.68 MgC/ha. Conservation and management need to be improved in the Damas Beach area because if the area is disturbed, the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon will decrease.
Spatial models of suitable sandy substrates for brittle star community conservation in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: SUPRAPTO PURWATI KUSWARINI , HUSNA IKA RAYMITA , MEYLANI VITA , BASUKRIADI ADI , WIBOWO ANDRIO A. , NURDIN ERWIN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Suprapto PK, Husna IR, Meylani V, Basukriadi A, Wibowo AA, Nurdin E. 2022. Spatial models of suitable sandy substrates for brittle star community conservation in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 87-93. The brittle star is known as one of the echinoids with the largest members. Currently, brittle star species are threatened due to harvests for fulfilling decorative species demands in aquariums. This study aims to determine suitable sandy substrates for the brittle star community in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia, in three representative stations. Brittle star presences and environmental variables were surveyed using belt transect methods, and sandy substrate suitability was determined using scoring and an interpolation method aided by GIS. Results show three species belong to the Ophiocomidae, with Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) (brittle lagoon star) being the most abundant. About 394,631 m2 of sandy substrates were available, and an estimated 47.52% is considered very suitable for brittle stars. Most suitable sandy substrates were located on the West side, characterized by low water temperature, high salinity, and alkaline water. In contrast, less suitable sandy substrates were located on the coast's east side, characterized by high water temperature, low salinity, and acidic water. To conclude, this research has identified which parts of the Sancang Coast should be prioritized to conserve brittle stars.
Effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: DADZIE-PAINTSIL EBENEZER , MENSAH JOHN VICTOR
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Dadzie-Paintsil E, Mensah JV. 2022. Effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 94-105. Wetlands play an important role in the livelihood of humankind; on the other hand, the reciprocal gesture on ecosystem protection is on the decline. The result is the loss of wetlands, especially in urban areas. This study examined the effects of urbanization on coastal wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Western Region Ghana. Therefore, using a mixed-method research design, 358 respondents were sampled from the metropolis to respond to the data collection instruments: questionnaire, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program version 14 was used to facilitate quantitative data analysis, while content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. The major finding was that wetlands in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis was affected by urbanization, resulting in the loss of some portions of the wetlands. Furthermore, wetlands were perceived as 'wastelands' which should be used for other use. One major recommendation is that residents should be sensitized by the Metropolis Assembly and the Environmental Protection Agency to appreciate the value of the coastal wetlands in the metropolis. Again, there should be the co-management of the wetland resources and the provision of alternative sources of livelihood by the local authority, central government, and concerned non-governmental organizations.
Transplant Anesthesia
Authors: Shetty Vijay
Published: April 2023

Solid organ transplants are slowly increasing across the world. As the societies evolve and communities begin to realize the value of organ donation after brain death, the number of donations after brain death will continue to the rise. These numbers, however, encouraging are far inadequate to meet the demands from the ever-growing number of recipients. This gap is filled in some measure by live donors who are subjected to an invasive procedure to provide kidneys, part of the liver, or even lung. In comparison, the patients with end-stage heart disease have no such options and continue their vigil on the waiting list. This has also led to a huge increase in the number of implantable devices like the left ventricular assist device in developing countries in recent times.
Anesthetic implications of homocystinuria: A case report
Authors: Upadhyay Surjya Prasad
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Homocystinuria is an inherited metabolic disorder associated with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency leading to accumulation of both methionine and homocysteine in various tive tissues and blood manifesting clinically as multisystem disorder. It is associated with a high incidence of thromboembolic complications and high mortality during the perioperative period. Homocystinuria imposed number of anesthetic challenges during the perioperative period. Case Report: A 10-year-old male presented with dimness of vision and was found to have ectopia lentis. Based on his clinical findings, he was suspected to have homocystinuria. This was confirmed by his high serum homocysteine levels. The child was posted for lensectomy with vitrectomy. The homocysteine and methionine level were brought down to the safer limit by monthlong medical and nutritional therapy before taking up for the surgery. The surgery was done under general anesthesia and peribulbar block. The perioperative measure included avoidance of prolonged fasting, avoidance of nitrous oxide, mechanical and chemical thromboprophylaxis, and early mobilization. The patient had an uneventful post-operative period. Conclusion: Understanding the perioperative hazards and complications of homocystinuria can be avoided with proper preparation of the patient, judicious use of anesthetic techniques. This case report described some of the anesthetic challenges during management of such a patient. Keywords: Homocystinuria, general anesthesia, thromboembolism, nitrous oxide.
Tongue depressor as an intubation aid in a patient with vallecular cyst: A case report
Authors: Monem Abdul , Khan Fauzia Anis , Awan Sohail
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Vallecular cyst is a rare occurring often encountered incidentally, which may compromise the airway during induction of anesthesia. There is a high risk for cyst rupture and soiling of the airway during manipulation of the airway. Case Report: We report a case of a young 23-year-old female with a history of difficulty in breathing and swallowing for the past 1½ years. She underwent emergency tracheostomy and excision of some oral swelling 10years back. She was electively booked for excision of the cyst. Various techniques and instruments have been described in the past. We used a tongue depressor to gently push the cyst aside and successfully rail loaded a reinforced endotracheal tube over a gum elastic bougie. Conclusion: Intubation in a patient with oropharyngeal cyst poses a significant risk in view of complete airway obstruction or aspiration of the contents in case rupture of the cyst. Various techniques for intubation have been reported, either awake or under general anesthesia. We successfully used a tongue depressor to shift the cyst away as an aid for intubation. This technique has so far not been reported in the literature. Keywords: Vallecular cyst, induction, tongue depressor.
Anesthetic management of a patient with congenital complete heart block posted for emergency cesarean section
Authors: Mohanty Chitta R , Guru Satyabrata , Hansda Upendra , Barik Sadananda
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Complete heart block is a rare disorder of conduction system which can be congenital oracquired.Anesthesia in patients with complete heart block can be challenging to anesthetist. Case Report: We report a 25-year-old female presented for emergency cesarean section with fetal distress found to have complete heart block. We discuss the management of patient with complete block posted for surgery according to advanced cardiac support guidelines with review of literature. Conclusion: Anesthesia in patients with complete heart block can be challenging due to uncontrolled hemodynamics unresponsive to conventional drugs. Anesthetic management in such patients should be according advanced cardiac life support guidelines. General anesthesia is preferred over spinal anesthesia for better control of hemodynamics. Keywords: Transcutaneous pacemaker, complete heart block, emergency cesarean section.
Combined lumbar and sacral plexus block in geriatric high-risk patients undergoing an awake repair of fracture intertrochanteric of femur
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Pradhan Chetan , Patil Atul , Puram Chetan , Sancheti Parag
Published: April 2023

The geriatric population with its multiple comorbid conditions are at risk of developing anesthesia-related complications. Data are inconclusive as to whether a general anesthesia , epidural or spinal (regional) anesthesia improves outcomes after hip fracture surgery. The author ( S M D ) subjected all ASA grade 3 and 4 intertrochanteric fractures to lumbosacral plexus block. Intraoperative haemodynamic stability was a key feature in all the patients which reflected in a stable postoperative scenario. The positive outcome, early patient – relative interaction and day 2 assisted mobility of the patient lead to an increase in demand for lumbosacral plexus block in high risk geriartrics with intertrochanteric fractures. Keywords: Fractures of intertrochanteric, local anesthesia, lumbar plexus block, nerve block, post-operative pain relief, sacral plexus block.
SVC Duplication: The case of the erroneous catheter tip
Authors: Edenm Daniel James , Baker Roisin
Published: April 2023

In most individuals with normal anatomy, the SVC lies to the right of the heart and drains into the right atrium. SVC duplication is one of several possible explanations if a central venous catheter tip is found to the left of the heart. It is thought to occur in around 0.1% of the general population and in 10% of those with congenital heart disease. It is a mostly benign condition. Our case involved a 73-year-old lady who was admitted to our critical care department for vasopressor support following an acetabular ORIF. Her left internal jugular vein was cannulated with a 16cm quad-lumen CVC using an USS-guided, seldinger technique. A routine post-insertion chest x-ray demonstrated the line to follow a course to the left ofthe cardiac shadow with the tip along the left margin. Due to the unusual location and the uncertainty as to whether this line was safe to use, the case was discussed with the on-call radiologist who recommended a CT thorax to confirm the line position. This scan showed SVC duplication, with the CVC tip lying within a left-sided SVC terminating in the heart (likely the left-atrium). There was no dextrocardia or situs invertus. Whilst rare, this case highlights the importance of chest imaging following CVC insertion. In terms of the safety in using such a catheter, that should be determined by the drugs being infused, the possible locations and abnormalities presented by such a position and whether there are any other suspected complications as a result of insertion. This should be determined on a case-by-case basis. Keywords: SVC duplication, central venous catheter position, central line.
Scavenging Port Obstruction: A Case of Spinal Surgery in Prone Position
Authors: Madankar Deepak , Mathankar Neelesh
Published: April 2023

Scavenging port obstruction in anesthesia machine can cause increased pressure within the circuit and can lead to extreme physiological disruptions. We present an unusual case scenario where scavenging port obstruction led to increased airway pressures and reduced tidal volume.
Anesthetist and perioperative medicine
Authors: Kale Sugam , Agarwal Richa , Priyadarshi Radhika
Published: April 2023

The practice of anaesthesiology goes through major upheavals every few decades similar to other medical disciplines. Historically anaesthetists were the glorious surgeon’s unsung companions keeping the patient still during surgery. As the science progressed, the process of anaesthesia became more refined and predictable. It also became safer than ever before. As a result of this progress, challenging surgery in patients with challenging co-morbid conditions is undertaken routinely now. Increase in overall life expectancy also adds to the list of physiological twists that interact with the stress of anaesthesia and surgery. A growing concern now is the ability of a single surgeon to be a good surgeon as well as a good cardiologist, nephrologist, haematologist, and so on to take on complex organ dysfunctions in the perioperative period. It is nearly impossible to expect majority of the surgeons to be masters of all trades as the progress of science in all fields is growing exponentially. How is it then that the idea of making the anaesthetist “the master of all trades” finds favor among many? Let’s examine the tenets on which this concept has been based. Is it possible? A designated physician can see a patient coming up for an elective surgery and manage his medications before and after his surgery. At present, the patient’s general practitioner fulfils this role. Going forward, if anaesthetists want to take this function over, can they be any better? Is it practical? Anaesthetist’s major clinical task will be giving anaesthesia. Then, there may be those who would wish not to give anesthetics but to play the general practitioner more often. They would be ideally suited to take on this role. However, the expectation will be that the care provided will be at par with that provided by a qualified and accredited cardiologist, endocrinologist, or nephrologist. As we saw previously, a surgeon cannot become all these while still trying to keep abreast with the advances in surgery. Why is it then thought that anaesthetist can somehow take overall these responsibilities while the surgeon cannot? A few decades ago, anaesthetists who were good at inserting tubes and catheters in various body parts were convinced that all the critical illnesses and organ failures that need such intervention were somehow best treated by the anaesthetists and not by the respective medical specialists. Thus, the anaesthetist managed critical care medicine. Is it legal? Whereas the surgeon making the post-operative rounds is not legally accredited to treat the patient’s post-operative myocardial infarct, neither would be the anaesthetist. Hence, if the same advice has to be sought from the same accredited cardiologist, does is matter much who signs the referral request? Furthermore, recognizing signs of organ dysfunction arethe remit of all doctors-whether they choose to become surgeons, anesthetists, or rheumatologist in later life ..
Improving safety and quality in regional anesthesia: An innovative app for Indian national regional anesthesia audit database, regional anesthesia database App
Authors: Singh Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2023

Regular audit of our own practice has shown to improve quality and safety. Practitioners across the world are able to do it at individual levels but are unable to benchmark it due to unavailability of national or international data. Regional anesthesia has seen an exponential growth in the recent years [1]. In the enthusiasm, many are adopting the newer techniques without appropriate training. Do they know, how well they are doing?, Do they know, they are not causing any harm, and do they know, they are up to standards? In the end, we are all accountable for the service we provide to our patients, surgeons, and institutions [2]. Audits are contractual requirement across many institutions and medical boards around the world. Many anesthetists are quite aware of the audit requirements in their practice but rarely have the time and resources. Moreover, there are significant hurdles and difficulty in establishing clinical audits in real-world practice [7, 8].
Incapacitating Mediastinal Pain and Hemodynamic Compromise Due to a Non-Displaced, Acutely Kinked Nasogastric Tube in a Post-operative Esophagectomy Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Mehra Chetan , Pal Atish
Published: April 2023

Introduction: A case of incapacitating mediastinal stretch pain and hemodynamic compromise, caused by a non-displaced, non-functional acutely kinked naso-gatsric tube (NGT). Post-operative esophagectomy patient started complaining of severe retrosternal pain after 2 h. Epidural boluses of bupivacaine and other intravenous analgesics were given with no relief. After some time, the patient went into atrial fibrillation and subsequent hypotension. Chest X-ray revealed mediastinal shadow caused by distended neoesophagus, and NGT was found to be acutely kinked, which prevented complete decompression of esophagus. Expanded neoesophagus caused a mass effect irritating the right atrium and causing atrial fibrillation, while stretching of nociceptive rich mediastinal structures led to persistent severe pain. NGT was manipulated, in an attempt to resolve the kink and although the kink could not be removed completely, it smoothened out enough to deflate the expanded neoesophagus. The pain subsided within 45 min of the NGT manipulation. Electrocardiography pattern also reverted to sinus rhythm within 24 h. Keywords: Hemodynamic compromise, Esophagectomy, Kinked Nasogastric tube, Mediastinal pain
Intraoperative Priapism during Neuraxial Anaesthesia Resulting in Trouble to the Urologist: A Case Report
Authors: Garg Jyoti , Kian Ho Vui , Reddy Challa Satish Kumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Priapism following neuraxial anaesthesia for urological endoscopic procedures is uncommon and may result in delay or even postponement of scheduled operations. An imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system usually contributes to intraoperative penile erection, although local stimulation before complete sensory blockade may also lead to priapism. Case Report: We discuss a case of successful management of priapism in 47-year-old Chinese male patient listed for transurethral resection of bladder tumor following a subarachnoid block. Conclusion: With a detailed knowledge about the pathophysiology of intraoperative penile erection, anaesthesiologist can appropriately direct treatment depending on the individual patient and hence minimize the risks of subsequent complications. Keywords: Priapism, spinal anaesthesia, glycopyrrolate, phenylephrine.
From The Editor’s Desk
Authors: Lande-Marghade Pallavi
Published: April 2023

We thank Dr. Santosh Kumar Sharma for the guest editorial “Failed Nerve Blocks: Prevention and Management” and Dr. Muralidhar Thondebhavi for the guest editorial “Mental Models and the Anaesthetist”. Journal of Anaesthesia & Critical Care Case Reports thank following authors for their efforts put in contributing in this issue. Piyush Mallick Innovation – Tascope – Innovative Intubation Aid by Mangal Dave Anesthetic Management of a Patient with West Syndrome by Prerna Phulkar and Pallavi Waghalkar Cervical Epidural Anesthesia for Thyroidectomy in a Patient with a Potential Difficult and Compromised Airway by A. Verma, A. O. Amata and S. Amir Case Report: A Woman with Fever, Acute Changes in Mental State, and Progressive Neurological Degeneration by MCarrillo-Torres Orlando, Rivero-Sigarroa Eduardo, Loeza-Guemez Alejandro Unique presentation and clinical course of shingles by Luis M. Rivera and Timothy Furnish Unilateral Acute Renal Cortical Necrosis in a patient with Sepsis by Rohit Vadala, Ebenezer R, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Visweswar Reddy Airway management in morbidly obese with cervical instability using awake insertion of supra glottic device and Aintree intubation catheter by Aparna Sinha, Lakshmi Jayaraman, Dinesh Punhani Full neurological recovery following a hypothermic, near-drowning cardiac arrest with a 34 minute submersion time: A case report by Daniel Eden Ultrasound-guided 2-in-1 block – A technique to block both femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve using a single injection point by Tuhin Mistry and Shiv Kumar Singh Journal of Anaesthesia & Critical Care Case Reports is fortunate to serve in the field of Anaesthesia and Research with contribution from Doctors and Scientists working all over the world. We welcome articles for our upcoming issue.
Tascope – Innovative Intubation Aid
Authors: Dave Mangal
Published: April 2023

First of all thanks to Dr. Pallavi Lande and Dr. Shiv Kumar Singh Sir for inviting me to write this article. The Anaesthetist Society (TAS) is the major contributor and driving force behind successful development of TASCOPE. Well, TASCOPE is a video intubation aid to help passage of tube in difficult airways. It involves the use of endoscope or borescope camera (5.5 mm diameter HD camera) which is either connected to laptop/or even compatible mobiles or tablet, and the camera is attached on our customized TASCOPE blades. Thus, the laptop or mobile becomes screen for our intubation. Now with the help to WiFi box, even iPhone, iPad, and other noncompatible devices can also be used as screen. We have also customized channel for insertion of bougie. Then, endotracheal tube is railroaded over bougie under vision. Tascope history Having been working in neurotrauma center and facing difficult intubation, cervical spine injuries, and faciomaxillary trauma, we felt the definite need of a device which is affordable, easy to use, and lightweight for difficult intubation. Thus, initially fixing larger endoscope camera to extended tongue retractor, we gradually developed design with much anatomical curve and hyperacute angle for vision for difficult intubation and also found insertion of bougie initially easier than guiding styletted tube into larynx. Now, we also have design to enter even in one finger mouth opening in cases with restricted mouth opening and have developed TASCOPE PEDIA for pediatric intubation. Intubation technique Intubation technique remains much similar as other intubation devices such as midline insertion, pushing blade over base tongue further to visualize epiglottis, reaching up to glossoepiglottic fold, then little lift up and visualization of larynx, insertion of bougie into larynx, and then railroad tube into larynx under vision. Sometimes difficulty faced in inserting bougie, as sometime bougie might be coming out of its channel in ABS (plastic) adult blade, in which case giving proper shape (curve) to bougie and inserting it in 11 o’clock position gently will solve the issue, some friends also find the use of cut suction catheter attached over edge of blade useful. Furthermore, there can be impingement of tube bevel between arytenoids, in which tube is not getting pushed inside larynx, in these cases counterclockwise rotation of tube from 90 to 180 degrees will solve the problem. Journey so far I, myself, have intubated >600 difficult intubation cases with TASCOPE in the past 5 years, with 99% success, which include patient with ankylosis, fixed neck, with Philadelphia collar, and with faciomaxillary injury and fractured mandible, obese, short neck, in anticipated difficult intubation. Friends across India and abroad are using our device and find it useful in difficult intubation. At present, we have two types of adult blade (metal and ABS plastic) and three sizes pediatric blades available.
Cervical Epidural Anesthesia for Thyroidectomy in a Patient with a Potential Difficult and Compromised Airway
Authors: Verma A. , Amata A. O. , Amir S.
Published: April 2023

We report a case of a 45-year-old man with a large thyroid swelling with the potential to cause a difficult and compromised airway. Cervical epidural anesthesia was planned and successfully performed to avoid difficult airway management. We conclude that cervical epidural anesthesia can be used for thyroidectomy in a patient with potential difficult and compromised airway. Keywords: Cervical epidural, thyroidectomy.
Case Report: A Woman with Fever, Acute Changes in Mental State, and Progressive Neurological Degeneration
Authors: Orlando Carrillo-Torres , Eduardo Rivero-Sigarroa , Alejandro Loeza-Guemez
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which was first described by Stein in 1985 as a feature of CD30 positivity, is now acknowledged as a distinct subset of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). It accounts for approximately 3% of adult NHL while constitutes as many as 30%–40% of pediatric large-cell lymphomas. It is rarely metastasized to other sites, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). Case Report: We present a case of a 73-year-old woman hospitalized for fever, acute behavioral changes, and progressive neurological degeneration; a rare case of systemic ALCL which metastasized to the brain. There are very few case reports of this matter in the literature. Conclusion: In the management of patients with neurological impairment, cognitive, and behavioral changes, we suspect the presence of lymphomas associated with the CNS still suspicious of other primary causes. Keywords: Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, lymph node enlargement.
Full neurological recovery following a hypothermic, near-drowning cardiac arrest with a 34 minute submersion time: A case repor
Authors: Eden Daniel
Published: April 2023

Hypothermia increases the ischemic tolerance of the brain and can lead to a remarkable recovery in prolonged cardiac arrest. Neurological outcomes can be very favorable, particularly if cardiac arrest precedes hypothermia or if the onset of hypothermia following cardiac arrest is rapid. Case reports of good neurological recovery following up to 7 h submersion and core temperatures as low as 13.7°C can be found. Our case involved a 43-year-old male who presented following a collapse and out of hospital cardiac arrest. A 34 min period of face-down submersion in a canal on a cold February evening was followed by a brief period of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on extrication. He was transferred to our emergency department with a core temperature of 26°C. He went onto make a full neurological recovery. The UK’s temperate climate means that case reports of prolonged hypothermic cardiac arrest are rare. While this gentleman had many favorable circumstances to his predicament, including age, cardiovascular fitness and rapid cooling, prompt and effective resuscitation, and a controlled warming regime would also have contributed. Keywords: Hypothermia cardiac arrest, neurological recovery.