bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First World War and the Lake District
Authors: Yoshikawa Saeko
Published: January 2021

Chapter 5 reveals how the Great War of 1914–1918 produced a remarkable upturn in Wordsworth’s reputation, and how it had an inescapable impact on the cultural landscape of the Lake District. For obvious reasons, Wordsworth’s sonnets on liberty and independence had strong public appeal, and his sense of crisis during the war with Napoleonic France was shared by many who stood against Germany. Equally, Wordsworth’s poetry and the Lake scenery offered consolation and relief at a time of widespread tension, anxiety, and horror. When hostilities ended, Wordsworth’s association with the Lake scenery, combined with his patriotic revival during the war, produced the idea of the Lakeland mountains as a stronghold of national liberty. Twelve mountains were donated to the National Trust to be preserved as war memorials, and public free access to them were also secured.
Post-War Motoring in the Lake District, the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Yoshikawa Saeko
Published: January 2021

Chapter 6 explores Lake District tourism during the inter-war period, focusing on what impacts mass-motorization made on roads, tourist behaviour, local life, and the cultural value of the Lake District. The growth of charabanc and coach travel brought increasing numbers of day trips and tours from ever more distant places, creating a new battlefield for local complaints and conflicts. When a mountain electric railway from Ambleside to Keswick was proposed in 1921, many were convinced that it would be preferable to the constant streams of dust-raising charabancs. Eventually, a groundswell of opinion arose that mountain solitudes and walkers’ and cyclists’ rights should be protected from the ‘rash assault’ of unlimited road construction and queues of cars. Amid this motor-age controversy Wordsworth was once again summoned to give voice to modern discontents. Controversial plans to construct new roads over Wrynose and Hardknott Passes, and a by-pass road through Dora’s Field below Rydal Mount, were abandoned.
The Hangover
Authors: Shears Jonanthon
Published: January 2021

What is a hangover? How does it feel to suffer from one? What can hangovers tell us about the way attitudes to alcohol have developed over time? Why have hangovers been neglected in our critical discussions of alcohol and intoxication in the humanities? This first scholarly study of the hangover in literature and culture sets out to answer each of these questions by exploring the representation of ‘the morning after’ in a wide variety of texts ranging from the Renaissance to the present day. The book argues that literature reveals hangovers are a cluster of physical symptoms, but also a complex interplay of sensations and emotions. It discloses the way that the hangover can be used to provide socio-cultural commentary, to impose value systems on drinkers and to control alcohol use. It demonstrates that the generic aspects of hangovers – nausea and headache, guilt and shame – are interpreted differently in different periods. The book demonstrates that, just as much as drunkenness or intoxication, the hangover has a cultural history that can be told through textual analysis.
Isolating, Placing and Contextualising the Hangover
Authors: Shears Jonathon
Published: January 2021

This chapter identifies and isolates some of the prominent features of a hangover. It demonstrates the kind of physical phenomena that usually occupy quantitative studies of the hangover in the sciences before elaborating on the way these are linked to affect – often negative, although not exclusively – such as guilt, self-disgust and anxiety. It does this through contextualised, close literary analysis of hangover descriptions in the work of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tom Wolfe and Kingsley Amis. These readings demonstrate the way that hangover symptoms can both reveal and conceal larger socio-cultural concerns and how hangover consciousness is informed by the experience of transgressing social values. It also traces the etymology of the word hangover, reflecting on some of the vernacular used to describe hangovers in the early twentieth century, and introduces the Traditional-Punishment and Withdrawal-Relief responses that can disclose continuities between periods.
‘Baneful to Public and to Private Good’: Hours of Illness and Idleness in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Shears Jonathon
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3 retains focus on the moral aspects of a hangover but links them specifically to debates in the long eighteenth century about work and idleness. It maintains that the hangover undermined Britain’s identity as an industrious trading nation. Hangovers disclosed social anxieties about civic duty, the real level of industriousness of the British workforce and the moral status of the unoccupied man and woman of means in the long eighteenth century. The chapter makes this argument through analysis of the propaganda of the ‘gin craze’, depictions of marital tensions in poetry, drama and prose and in a study of the figures of the bachelor and the socialite.
Odes to Dejection: Romanticism and the Melancholy of Self-knowledge
Authors: Shears Jonathon
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the hangover as the aftermath of the heightened Romantic state of intoxication. It argues that British Romantic poets used the hangover to explore the interiority of the drinker, seeking through the imagination and the feelings new ways to surmount or compensate for the Traditional-Punishment hangover reaction as seen in earlier periods. It examines hangover consciousness and penitent’s rhetoric, which is reminiscent of the seventeenth century, but argues that the penitential sincerity is compromised by the mode of melodrama and self-pity. The chapter offers close analysis of hangovers in poetry from Robert Burns and S. T. Coleridge, Lord Byron and John Keats alongside a discussion of the Romantic drunken confession penned by Charles Lamb.
The Hangover and the Outsider: Self-fashioning, Shame and Defiance in Twentieth- and Twenty-first-century Fiction
Authors: Shears Jonathon
Published: January 2021

Chapter 6 explores the way the hangover is used in drinking narratives of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to understand the figure of the existential, drunken outsider. It considers the ways in which the most defiant of rebellious figures are undermined by the physical and emotional assault of the hangover. The chapter looks at the different kinds of scrutiny that male and female problem drinkers come to bear, usually in relation to sexual conduct, and the increased presence of inexplicable ‘hangxiety’, often less easily defined than related emotions such as shame and guilt. There is close analysis of fiction from the US and the UK, including works by Jack London, Alan Sillitoe, Christopher Isherwood, Jean Rhys, Charles Bukowski, Helen Fielding and A. L. Kennedy. The chapter concludes by arguing that memory loss is perhaps the most compelling way in which the rebellious outside can cheat the socio-cultural determinants of a Traditional-Punishment response.
Safe Haven, Literary Paradise and Present-Day Adventureland
Authors: Jones Kathryn N. , Tully Carol , Williams Heather
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses the new interpretative frameworks offered by travel narratives published between the late 1980s and the present day. As a prelude, the chapter offers a snapshot of the ‘lost decades’ of the interwar and post-war years, when travel accounts on Wales were far less frequent than before the First World War. It explores how the trope of a hidden, undiscovered and unknown Wales has proven to be surprisingly persistent, with the continued common portrayal of Wales as a quasi-invisible unknown quantity, a peripheral site of inspiration and alterity. Once Wales resurfaced in mainstream Continental travel writing in the 1980s, it was viewed as an entity and often a country in its own right. Yet paradoxically, Wales’s increasing accessibility, through the proliferation of dedicated guidebooks and travel websites as well as improvements to its travel infrastructure, also led to the atomization and fragmentation of visions of Wales and modes of experiencing the nation. These include a sensory or physical ‘consumption’ of Wales, the ‘internationalization’ of Wales for a global visitor and a shift away from engagement with the Welsh language and its cultures, leading to their neutralization and dilution.
Cli-fi in Other Media
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann J.R.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores cli-fi in other print media (short stories, published poetry, comics and graphic novels), recorded popular music (folk and rock), and audio-visual media (cinema, television and videogames). It identifies rhetorically effective instances of cli-fi from a wide range of media, notably Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Keep It in the Ground’, Brian Wood’s The Massive, Anohni’s Hopelessness, Franny Armstrong’s The Age of Stupid and Darren Aronofsky’s Noah. But it concludes, nonetheless, that it is in cli-fi novels and trilogies, especially those that deal with mitigation and negative or positive adaptation, that the major effort to respond to the climate crisis has taken shape. The more general conclusion, then, is that longer narrative forms seem best suited to climate fiction.
The Road and the River
Authors: Kelso Sylvia
Published: January 2021

This chapter provides a close reading of Lois McMaster Bujold’s later fantasy series The Sharing Knife to explore how the project reworks traditional narrative motifs and crosses genres to blur or mutate expectations and storylines. The chapter argues that the series is neither science fiction nor fantasy, but a hybrid based in fantasy whose setting fits early industrial society and the contours of the post-apocalypse. It draws on motifs of Western women’s writing, with a main female character, Fawn, in flight, but with settings (the road and the river) more commonly associated with the picaresque and, in particular, American road trip literature. The non-realist elements and the secondary world situate the novels as speculative fantasy fiction, only to diverge immediately and repeatedly from the modern fantasy norm.
The Naismith Stratagem
Authors: Woodward Jennifer , Wright Peter
Published: January 2021

This chapter critically considers Genevieve Cogman’s Vorkosigan sourcebook for Steve Jackson Games’ tabletop Generic Universal Roleplaying System (GURPS). It examines how the sourcebook reframes Lois McMaster Bujold’s Vorkosigan saga as an immersive environment through six key processes employed typically in TRPG adaptation: distillation, accentual emphasis, nomenclatural qualification, statistical quantification, ludic systematisation, and fictional gazetteering. The chapter assesses how the adaptation balances the requirements of the GURPS ruleset with the need to facilitate immersion in an authentic version of the saga, and analyses how Cogman preserves and adapts the novels to promote and sustain imaginative, immersive gameplay faithful to the saga’s structural, narrative, and shifting intergeneric qualities. The chapter further shows how the game allows players to immerse themselves in the saga; conceive, develop and enhance character types from the novels; and experience plots and story structures reflecting the unique tenor of Bujold’s work. In its emphases, the game reveals what it assumes to be the most appealing aspects of the books: its characterisation, relationships, locations, and the emotional immersion central to Bujold’s treatment of the science fictional family saga.
Messenger Skateboards and Messenger Bikes in Postcyberpunk
Authors: Withers Jeremy
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on several important postcyberpunk works from the 1990s by Neal Stephenson, William Gibson, and Bruce Sterling. All these works celebrate transportation technologies such as skateboards and bicycles, technologies that challenge the car and its dominance over the road. Furthermore, an interest in transport machines helps these texts demonstrate some of the key features that scholars have identified as setting postcyberpunk apart from the classic cyberpunk of the 1980s, as well as some of the features they see as building continuity between the two.
Preface
Authors: Vint Sherryl
Published: January 2021

The Preface outlines the ways in which this volume’s essays on questions of race and racialization, sexuality and the politics of gender identification, and the new storytelling possibilities of television in the post-network era place Discovery in its larger Star Trek canon, show how it engages the history of this canon and reinvents the series through the new critical perspectives of twenty-first century cultural politics.
‘We Get to Reach for the Stars’
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina , Spychala Mareike
Published: January 2021

The Introduction compares Discovery to the earlier shows comprising the Star Trek canon and argues, against criticism raised by some scholars and fans, that the show’s darker tone in the first two seasons present an exploration of the established storyworld of the franchise. Thus, rather than betraying the utopian ideals underlying Star Trek, Discovery continues another franchise tradition: staying in touch with and commenting on its contemporary moment. In doing so, the show takes on the post-9/11 climate of war and explores the conscious effort it takes to uphold societal ideals in the face of outside and inside threats. The Introduction further comments on the nostalgia attendant on some critics’ comparisons between Discovery and other Star Trek shows and briefly reflects on the slightly more nostalgic feeling of the second season and the ways in which it avoids some of the retrofuturism other shows have been criticized for. Finally, the Introduction also summarizes the 18 essays and one interview included in this volume and their interconnections.
The Conscience of the King Or: Is There in Truth No Sex and Violence?
Authors: Fuchs John Andreas
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the different depictions of sex, violence and swearing throughout the Star Trek franchise and argues that complaints about sex and violence in Star Trek, then, are nothing new; even the original Star Trek series seemed inappropriate in its day. In 1984, the BBC removed the episodes “The Empath,” “Whom Gods Destroy,” “Plato’s Stepchildren,” and “Miri” from the broadcast schedule for over ten years due to showing subjects of “madness, torture, sadism and disease.” One of the underlying reasons for this decision was that Star Trek was seen as a TV series for children, which it clearly was not. Seen in the context of the zeitgeist, the newest addition to the franchise, Star Trek: Discovery is not any more violent, gory, or even vulgar than any of the other series or feature films. Sex and violence have always been an integral part of Star Trek’s storytelling and are a vital part of showing its positive message of humanity’s future.
‘Never Hide Who You Are’
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina , Spychala Mareike
Published: January 2021

After 50 years of franchise history, Star Trek has finally welcomed major canon queer characters in the form of Lt. Paul Stamets and his partner, Dr. Hugh Culber, counteracting an exclusion of LGBTQ characters that has been more than jarring for a famously liberal franchise. This essay argues that Discovery successfully normalizes queerness without reducing the characters to their sexual orientation – while, however, remaining fairly homonormative. The chapter further argues that by explicit intertextual references to the original Star Trek, the series also gestures to and brings to the forefront some of the queer subtext and potential that has so long been explored by fans. It also delves into representation and “actorvism” by out gay actors Anthony Rapp and Wilson Cruz behind the screen to note the ways in which representation before and behind the camera often still go hand in hand.
Coda
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina , Spychala Mareike
Published: January 2021

This coda sums up the book and gives an outlook to the show’s possible future. It discussed how, with the second season cliffhanger, Star Trek: Discovery allows for the show to both keep established characters and continue telling stories about the effects of the events seen in the previous two seasons, while also providing it with a ‘fresh start.’ This not only potentially disentangles it from established canon, it also impacts the worldbuilding of the show, while running the risk of reading like a cop out, or even an admission of defeat after two years of criticism heaped on the show from some parts of the fanbase as well as some media critics. However, as Discovery effectively reanimated a whole franchise that is now also one officially, it might also simply open up new ways for transmedia storytelling and crossovers with all the other properties being launched in the new Star Trek franchise group.
Remapping the Printed Page in Women’s Post-Waterloo Poetry
Authors: Dolive Emily J.
Published: January 2021

This chapter reveals how women poets in the brief Post-Waterloo period used linguistic and structural play to resist stable notions of femininity, war, and the text itself. Felicia Hemans and critically overlooked Jane Alice Sargant manipulated the printed page to map new movements between supposedly separate bodies and texts to uncover half-hidden voices that counter limited ideologies of wartime participation. Hemans and Sargant created this new page by guiding readers’ eyes across juxtaposing genres, gendered bodies, nonhuman natures, battlefield accoutrements, and quoted speech. The chapter argues that these manipulations of body, gender, and text critique expected materialities of war and war poetry that relied on gender distinctions to determine one’s role and place during war.
‘matters of Religion & Morality’: Herder, Wordsworth, and Blake
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

Chapter six aims to elucidate the decisive overall agreement, as well as the subtle nuances, that Robinson discerned in the works of Herder, Wordsworth, and Blake, and according to which he disseminated them, both among these poets and wider audiences in England and Germany. Robinson found these three poets to be advancing idiosyncratic forms of aesthetic free play that kindle the moral imagination of their readers. The chapter reads Robinson’s three articles on Herder in the Unitarian Monthly Repository (1808–09) and his German article on Blake in Friedrich Perthes’s Vaterländisches Museum (1811) against the informal critiques of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads that Robinson elaborated in a series of letters in late 1802. These critiques are so ground-breaking since they constitute a profound, autonomous development of Kantian and post-Kantian notions of aesthetic autonomy into a distinctive conceptualization of literature’s cross-cultural ethical relevance, and thus provide the clearest definition of Robinson’s critical principle of ‘Free Moral Discourse’. According to this principle, art has a bearing on morality through their shared aspiration to disinterestedness, while the ultimate unattainability of such reciprocal disinterestedness creates a dynamic interplay between its two constituents.
Women In and Out
Authors: Moss Gemma
Published: January 2021

Women exerted a considerable influence on Maurice, even though admirable female characters are absent from the narrative. Before the First World War, a sexually conservative reform movement called Social Purity was bringing male sexuality under particular scrutiny, making this a difficult time for Forster to be claiming that homosexuality was not morally wrong. Interpreted against this background, Maurice can be read not as a rebellion against attenuated Victorian attitudes or against women but as a challenge to the contemporary social purity movement. In this context – the difficulty of talking about homosexuality, of which the novel explores the effects – the willingness of Forster’s friend and confidante, Florence Barger, to discuss homosexuality also needs to be seen as significant. She contributed to Forster’s ability to represent homosexuality as a valid alternative to bourgeois masculinity that equated heterosexuality with morality, health and economic success.
‘Flat pieces of cardboard stamped with a conventional design’
Authors: Watson Anna
Published: January 2021

Women are both central and marginalized in Maurice. Symbolically, they are central to the ideals of respectable heterosexual life that Maurice struggles against as he grows up, but their experience is frequently pushed to the margins of the narrative. Certainly, the novel’s female characters seem at first glance to be drawn from stereotypes; on the edge of the narrative, we notice mothers, sisters and their friends. Women symbolize, for Maurice and Clive, the banality of the conventional, heterosexual masculinity that they would like to reject yet cannot help being drawn to. Nevertheless, Forster implies that Maurice and Clive do not see the female characters ‘for what they really [are]’, but instead misinterpret them due to prejudices that are just as limited as those that they are rejecting. This chapter suggests that Forster’s characterization of women in Maurice encourages the reader to imagine depths of experience, suffering and frustration that exist at the margins of the novel’s narrative. In a novel that so boldly portrays the marginalized subject of homosexual masculinity, Forster more subtly enacts the oppression and marginalization that women face within a social construct of gender and family that purports to put them at the centre.
The Literary Afterlives of Roger Casement, 1899-2016
Authors: Garden Alison
Published: January 2021

This groundbreaking study explores the literary afterlives of Ireland’s most enigmatic, shape-shifting and controversial son: Roger Casement. A seminal human rights activist, a key figure in the struggle for Irish independence, a traitor to British imperialism and an enthusiastic recorder of a sexual life lived in the shadows, Casement has endured as a symbol of ambivalence and multiplicity. Casement can be found in the most curious of places: from the imperial horrors of Heart of Darkness (1899) to the gay club culture of 1980s London in Alan Hollinghurst’s The Swimming-Pool Library (1998); from George Bernard Shaw’s play Saint Joan (1923) to a love affair between spies in Elizabeth Bowen’s The Heat of the Day (1948); from the post-Easter Rising elegies of Eva Gore-Booth and Alice Milligan to the beguiling, opaque poetry of Medbh McGuckian. Drawing upon a variety of literary and cultural texts, alongside significant archival research, this book establishes dialogues between modernist and contemporary works to argue that Casement’s ghost animates issues of historical pertinence and pressing contemporary relevance. It positions Casement as a vital and fascinating figure in the compromised and contradictory terrain of Anglo-Irish history.
“He could tell you things! Things I’ve tried to forget; things I never did know”
Authors: Garden Alison
Published: January 2021

The relationship between Casement and Conrad has long fascinated many, with W.G. Sebald fictionalising their meeting in The Rings of Saturn (1998) as part of the text’s engagement with Conrad’s novella and archival trail. For Sebald, Casement galvanises a set of interlinked preoccupations: the catastrophes of modernity, state-sponsored violence, the fragility of memory and the unavoidable spectre of history. Tracing the dialogue between these two works - embodied by Casement’s ghost - enables us to read the metamodernist aesthetics of Sebald as a form of ghostly intertextual memory, indicative of the post-imperial debris that continues to haunt our contemporary moment. Reading Heart of Darkness through The Rings of Saturn opens up both texts in enabling, fruitful ways; just as reading Casement through Conrad’s archive provides us with novel ways of reading the two men and Conrad’s work.
Saint Casement
Authors: Garden Alison
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores Casement’s afterlives in drama, arguing that the intermedial recycling of various aspects of Casement’s life, legacy and politics continue to fascinate dramatists. The first play discussed is George Bernard Shaw’s Saint Joan (1923) and, reading Shaw’s play alongside copious archival sources, this chapter seeks to assess the extent of the relationship - political, historical and imaginative - between Shaw and Casement. David Rudkin’s radio play, Cries from Casement as His Bones are Brought to Dublin, uses the power of voice and accent to eruditely and creatively stage Casement’s contradictory and evolving sense of identity. Finally, this chapter explicates how Martin McDonagh’s use of Casement in The Lieutenant of Inishmore (2001) is glancing but powerful, testifying to the power that Irish history can continue to hold on contemporary politics, even if it is misunderstood and misplaced.
‘Gone for a soldier’: Irish Recruitment to the British Armed Forces, 1903–1914
Authors: Bowman Timothy , Butler William , Wheatley Michael
Published: January 2021

There was a long tradition of Catholic, as well as Protestant, Irish service within the British armed forces. By 1913, 9% of British regular soldiers were Irish, a figure just slightly below the Irish share of the United Kingdom population. Militia, Yeomanry and Officer Training Corps units, which all attracted part-time amateur soldiers, were also well-recruited, though the wholesale disbandment of militia units in 1908 broke this link between some Irish counties and the British army. This recruitment occurred in spite of determined, if localised and unco-ordinated, attempts made by advanced Nationalists to prevent Irishmen enlisting in the British armed forces. Most recruits were from urban areas and were unskilled workers or unemployed at their time of enlistment. Recruitment rates were disproportionately high in Dublin and Cork, and notably low in industrial Belfast.
‘The only privilege we have’: Wartime Officer Appointment
Authors: Bowman Timothy , Butler William , Wheatley Michael
Published: January 2021

There was a well-established tradition of the Anglo-Irish gentry serving as officers in the British army and this continued into the war. The British army, pre-war, was very class conscious with officers requiring a private income. The costs associated diminished in wartime but officers were still generally from upper and middle-class backgrounds. As with other recruitment in Ireland, officer recruitment was politicised. Officer Training Corps units pre-war were, almost exclusively, at Protestant schools and universities, which meant that few Catholics presenting themselves for commissions could claim previous military training. The War Office quickly commissioned large numbers of Ulster Volunteer officers, who had enlisted with their men in September 1914. Nationalists felt that they were less favoured by the War Office though the National MPs who sought commissions did not do so before 1915. Lieutenant General Sir Lawrence Parsons established a cadet company in the 16th (Irish) Division but this did not assuage Nationalist concerns. An Officer Selection Board was established in Dublin in the Summer of 1915 and, throughout the remainder of the war, it had some success in attracting Catholic recruits for officer training.
The Haunting of Haddonfield
Authors: Leeder Murray , Leeder Murray
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that, formally, narratively, and thematically, the character of Michael Myers is constructed as a haunted force, and Haddonfield as a haunted space. One common framework for dealing with the supernatural in literature comes from the Bulgarian structural narratologist Tzvetan Todorov. Todorov delineated three modes for the literary supernatural: the Marvellous, the Uncanny and the Fantastic. Many of Halloween's most effective moments similarly depend on Fantastic hesitation. The chapter then explores the themes of haunted houses and legend tripping in Halloween, as well as the utilization of sound in implying a kind of omnipresence to Michael's presence and perspective. John Carpenter's musical score works similarly to project Michael's presence beyond his body.
Jewish Composers of Polish Music after 1939
Authors: Trochimczyk Maja
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks into the devastating impact of the Holocaust in Jewish musical creativity in Poland. It discusses the inclusion of Jewish composers in the world of Polish music by its post-1945 historians. It also examines the presence of Jewish composers in Poland's musical world before 1939 and the disappearance of these composers as shown by official publications, dictionaries, and music histories up until 1989. The chapter reviews all the composers of Jewish origin who were alive in September 1939, regardless of their attitude and relationship with Judaism. It mentions the most important composers of Jewish descent but not of Jewish faith, such as Józef Koffler, who gave up his official Jewish religious allegiance in May 1939, and Roman Palester, who was baptized Catholic as a baby.
Give ‘Em Back Their Heroes
Authors: Conterio Martyn
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the development of George Miller's Mad Max (1979). The first iteration of Mad Max did not involve a cops-and-robbers setup; nor the bleak dystopian future setting or car chases. A vital aspect n the construction of the film's dystopian vision was Miller's medical background and years working as a doctor, as well as his exposure to road accidents growing up, which were frequent enough to leave a lasting mark. Another specific influence on the film was the 1973 oil crisis. The pervading mood of Mad Max is Australia decaying, going wrong, heading towards calamity, losing its way fast. The chapter then details the casting of Mel Gibson for the role of Max Rockatansky, as well as the shooting process of Mad Max.
A World of Mannequins
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks into Mario Bava's aesthetic sensibility and synthesis of the stylistic and thematic thread that underlies the film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino). It explains how viewers of the film associated the gimmick of using mannequins with the opening pages of Gialli Mondadori, which include a list of characters and their qualification in order to give the reader a “human map” on which to rely when reading. It also discusses how the same concept of a human map is reinvented in the film Blood and Black Lace in a visual key with a surrealistic effect through the use of mannequins. The chapter analyzes the poses of mannequins that are considered artificial, enigmatic, and disturbing. It highlights how mannequins reiterate the initial equation between men and anthropomorphic objects, in which mannequins provide cautionary shadows for actors and actors are sometimes caught in the act of making the same gesture as the mannequins.
The Red Telephone
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino) that has become a cult movie over the years. It mentions how many young cinephiles became aware of the film in the 1980s via the opening sequence of the Matador film in 1986 by Pedro Almodóvar. It also talks about the fruition of a genre film through the filter of a thought-provoking auteur such as Almodóvar, who summed up the most obvious elements of an erotic mise-en scène of death with a paradoxical commentary through the protagonist's sexual arousal. The chapter describes the influence of Blood and Black Lace on foreign cinema, such as the film “Halloween” in 1978 by John Carpenter that reinvents Mario Bava's expressionless, ubiquitous, and mute assassin into a new icon. It also cites the 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street that features a murderer wearing a lethal razorblade glove which recalls the spiked weapon seen in Bava's film.
“Such a Mix of Beauty and Horror”
Authors: Higgins Lesley
Published: January 2021

T. S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf demonstrate contrasting modes of Modernist response to the work of Gerard Manley Hopkins. While Eliot grudgingly acknowledged Hopkins’s innovations even as he dismissed him as a writer of narrow range and limited importance, Woolf’s response was robust and lasting. Close readings and textual analyses of To the Lighthouse, The Waves, and Between the Acts, as well as Woolf ’s diaries and letters, reveal that from 1919 onwards, Hopkins is never far from Woolf ’s modes of discourse, becoming an important resource as she developed her theory of “prose poetry” and worked to develop her own singular rhythms.
Action and Repose
Authors: Howard Ben
Published: January 2021

Elizabeth Bishop, who believed poetry should communicate through action rather than stasis, learned this dynamism from Gerard Manley Hopkins. From “Dear Hopkins,” as she called him, Bishop learned about rhythmic variation and verbal energy, and these informed her own belief that poetry should give the impression of a mind thinking rather than of conveying settled thought. Bishop first developed these ideas in an undergraduate paper she wrote about Hopkins, which formed the foundation of her own poetic philosophy and also refined her poetic sensibilities. Like Hopkins, Bishop was also drawn to Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises as a means to self, and poetic, discipline, and her mature poems continue to echo her earliest poetic mentor.
The One Sane Milkman, I Fear
Authors: Mariani Paul
Published: January 2021

In his lifelong wrestle with what he called his “frenemy” God, John Berryman continually turned to the influence of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s sacramental vision. Amidst his struggles with depression, alcoholism, and self-doubt, Berryman looked to Hopkins as a model for how to express, and how to embrace, difficult belief. A close reading of Berryman’s “Dream Song 377,” a poem that takes Hopkins as a subject and evokes one of his sermons, shows not only that Berryman adopted versions of Hopkins’s stanzaic and stress patterns, but also that he, along with Henry, his poetic alter ego in the Dream Songs, shared with Hopkins a hunger for a still center.
Seamus Heaney’s Hopkins
Authors: Russell Richard Rankin
Published: January 2021

Critics have often located Seamus Heaney’s response to Gerard Manley Hopkins within Heaney’s early poetry, but Heaney never fully escaped from Hopkins’s influence; he looked early and often to Hopkins for a variety of reasons that have never been articulated until now. Hopkins’s vocabulary and rhythmic voice—what Heaney called “big voltage”—electrified the entirety of Heaney’s work without making it derivative. Heaney’s ethical compass and his sense of the miraculous also owe much to Hopkins, who, like Heaney, was a Catholic, an ecologically aware poet, and a believer in transcendence. Heaney was supremely an environmentally religious writer, and his elemental poetry found confirmation in Hopkins’s deep observations of nature and conviction in the miracle of nature’s daily happenings.
Gerard Manley Hopkins and Geoffrey Hill
Authors: Phillips Catherine
Published: January 2021

Literary influence is rarely as simple as locating the language of one writer in the work of another. Often it comes by way of, or in correspondence with, other writers, part of a chorus of influence. In Geoffrey Hill’s poetry, Gerard Manley Hopkins’s voice is part of the polyphonic, interweaving echoes that the reader detects. Hill’s allusions to Hopkins come in clusters and compounds, leaving the reader to tease out threads and affinities. Hill’s poetic texture is a particularly dense one of layer upon layer of allusion, each adding through its context to the poem’s meaning. Hill’s allusions to Hopkins often recall stylistic features of other poets as well, including T. S. Eliot and W. B. Yeats. This layering of ghostly echoes informs Hill’s own ambiguity, word formations, visual perceptions, and imagery to complicate his unique voice even as it animates and strengthens it.
“A Billion Times Told Lovelier”
Authors: Abts Devon
Published: January 2021

While Gerard Manley Hopkins’s formal innovations have been widely celebrated, his originality as a theological thinker has been overlooked. Hopkins’s well-known debts to Duns Scotus and Ignatius of Loyola have unjustly eclipsed other strands of his theological thought, leading to a reductive view of his religious thinking. There is a tendency among some scholars to sever Hopkins’s poetic innovations from his religious legacy and, at times, view his faith as an affliction that shackled his creativity. However, the tensions between Hopkins’s priestly and poetic vocations were not, in fact, disabling, and Geoffrey Hill’s reading of Hopkins reveals the latter to be a unique theological thinker, not just a poetic innovator. Hill demonstrates an unparalleled grasp of Hopkins’s theological ingenuity and collapses the division between Hopkins’s theological and poetic legacies, proving that each is reciprocally sustained in the other. Hill’s own use of language, in turn, is deeply informed by Hopkins’s poetic legacy. Hill believed that to combat linguistic degeneration, speech must remain vital, and, for him, this meant writing against the grain of history and linguistic decay in order to disturb expectation. This belief is shaped by Hopkins’s own theology of language, registered at the level of his poetics, the weighty and dense rhythms of which can be viewed as a mimetic for his ethical, moral, and theological perceptions.
“Hack and Rack the Growing Green”
Authors: Domina Lynn
Published: January 2021

Gerard Manley Hopkins’s environmental concerns are not only ecological but also “ecotheological” in that he addresses both the relation of organisms to one another and their connection to divinity. Ecotheology (creation-centered approaches to theology) differs from ecocriticism (literary criticism centered on environmental awareness), and there is a tradition of ecotheological thought within Catholicism, ranging from St. Francis of Assisi to Gerard Manley Hopkins to Pope Francis. In poems like “Binsey Poplars,” “As kingfishers catch fire,” and “God’s Grandeur,” Hopkins’s Christian symbolism and ecotheological themes demonstrate that, for him, nature’s importance stems from its sacredness. These Hopkinsian strands are picked up by three contemporary poets—Denise Levertov, Pattiann Rogers, and Martha Silano—who, though not as orthodox as Hopkins in their religious views, nevertheless share his ecotheological impulses. These writers represent, together with their Jesuit predecessor, “a particular poetic community” that, like the God of Genesis, sees an inherent goodness and value in creation. These contemporary poets are examples of the many writers who have echoed Hopkins’s ecotheological concerns.
“A Mix of Mineral and Grease”
Authors: Holmes Thomas Alan
Published: January 2021

Gerard Manley Hopkins has had a pervasive influence on contemporary Appalachian poets, rooted in such early twentieth century authors as Elizabeth Madox Roberts and continued into the new century by poets and novelists such as Robert Morgan, Jane Hicks, Ron Rash, Maurice Manning, Melissa Range, and Rose McLarney. Hopkins’s work has challenged these writers “to see the interconnectedness of their subjects, inviting them to explore and manipulate language in inventive, surprising fashion, and eliciting from them forthright self-examination of their sense of self, place, and spirit.”
An Afterword to My Visit
Authors: Feeney Joseph J.
Published: January 2021

This celebratory afterword offers reflections of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s influence in the decades following the first collection of his verse, not only in its discovery in literature from regions not immediately associated with Hopkins, but also in its applicability and revelations through newer disciplines of literary analysis.
City vs. Country—Venice
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

In Venice Pound, following the steps of Ruskin and James, found an enchanting city. Many passages in the poetry are concerned with topographical details, plangent memories of sites, people, events. There is also a danger in the city’s beauty and decadence, and Pound eventually chose to live in a less charged setting, near Genoa. The ambiguous role in the poem of financier John Law, who died in Venice in poverty, reflects this ambivalence.
“My Best Translator”—Izzo
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

Carlo Izzo, an Italian scholar, saw a lot of Pound in the 1930s and corresponded with him extensively while translating Pound’s work. Their relation and correspondence casts new light on Pound’s Italian relations and on his poetry, of which he provided explications to Izzo.
The Place of Objects
Authors: Hall Dewey W.
Published: January 2021

As British female writers, Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot perceived their environs with keen awareness of the intra-action of the female body with matter. The environs, often linked to the materiality of natural phenomena, is open space, which is inhabited by animate and inanimate entities as objects intra-relating with each other. Through an interpretive reading of Bronte’s Jane Eyre (1847) and Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss (1860), my objective is to reconsider the female body in the novels as part of an assemblage of distinct objects (i.e., subject treated as object) in the context of a neo-materialist approach to ecofeminism. My attempt is to read the female body in relation to entities, yielding a perception of the body, which examines the body-as-matter within narrative discourse. The female body, however, is not meant to be constituted as a subject-less object without agency that, in effect, results in disempowerment. Instead, my discussion examines selected instances by which the female body has been entangled with more-than-human nature, revealing the vibrancy of the female body and its agential link to matter.
Gender Wars in Music, or Bloomsbury and French Composers
Authors: Sutton Emma
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores Woolf’s relationships with two important French women composers: Germaine Tailleferre and Nadia Boulanger. The former is singled out by Woolf in A Room of One’s Own as emblematic of the professional bias facing women composers. Boulanger and Woolf met in 1936, at a lunch with Ethel Smyth and Winaretta Singer (Princesse Edmond de Polignac). As her correspondence confirms, Boulanger and Woolf stayed in touch for some years and Woolf repeatedly referred to Boulanger’s example when reflecting on the misogyny and obstacles facing contemporary women artists, whether composers, painters or writers. Consideration of Woolf’s relationships with these women is placed in the larger context of their reception in the French and British press, exploring the role that their gender played in the critical reception of their work and aesthetic innovations.
“Unblowing, Ungrowing Are the Roses There”
Authors: Czarnecki Kristin
Published: January 2021

This chapter brings Virginia Woolf and Native American writer Louise Erdrich into transnational conversation to highlight intersections between sexual violence against women and manipulation and destruction of the land. It situates both novels in the context of ecofeminism. A “common goal of ecofeminism,” Kathi Wilson states, ‘is to disrupt those women-nature connections that are oppressive’. Such disruption figures significantly in Between the Acts and The Round House, earthtexts depicting the suffering of Others to reveal how hegemonic concepts of land use and ownership engender the violation of women.
Le jazz en prison : l’apport des récits des musiciens
Authors: Maxwell Barry , Salle Grégory
Published: January 2021

Bien que l’expérience carcérale ait fait partie intégrante de la vie de beaucoup d’entre eux, les récits des musiciens de jazz criminalisés et incarcérés n’ont guère été identifiés ou examinés en tant que tels dans le cadre d’une étude critique des prisons. Cet article – originellement paru en 2002 – vise à combler cette lacune en faisant valoir que les autobiographies de musiciens de jazz, dont beaucoup ont été incarcérés pour trafic de stupéfiants, méritent d’être étudiées de plus près en tant que sous-genre de la littérature carcérale. S’inspirant principalement de Raise Up Off Me , l’histoire de la vie du pianiste afro-américain Hampton Hawes (1974), et de Straight Life (1979), récit du saxophoniste blanc Art Pepper, il montre comment l’emprisonnement a affecté leurs attitudes respectives sur les questions raciales et sociales, en soulignant la tension entre logique destructrice de la prison et effet émancipateur des valeurs du jazz.
Événement ou épreuve : dimensions d’une configuration narrative ?
Authors: de Villers Grand Champs Guy
Published: January 2021

Au point de départ de la réflexion, il y a ce malaise éprouvé à la lecture de plusieurs travaux qui prennent pour référence les thèses de Gilbert Simondon. Celles-ci m’ont paru assez simplificatrices de la pensée aristotélicienne et médiévale sur la question de l’individuation. Nous avons donc choisi de restituer la pointe de l’analyse aristotélico-thomiste du processus d’individuation, pensant que ce dernier en serait éclairé d’un jour nouveau. Armé de ces repères, nous avons tenté de fonder une distinction entre l’individuation et la subjectivation, trop souvent confondues. Fort de ces distinctions, nous avons proposé de conclure à un dépassement nécessaire de l’opposition entre les approches intro et extrospectives de la biographie.
Les comités de suivi de thèse : quel vécu expérientiel pour les doctorants ?
Authors: Jorro Anne , Saboya Fabienne
Published: January 2021

La création de comités de suivi de thèse dans la formation des doctorants de l’enseignement supérieur français en 2016 a permis aux chercheurs de porter une nouvelle attention à la manière dont les doctorants construisent leur travail de recherche et rédigent leur thèse. Lors de cet accompagnement, l’organisation du travail du doctorant et les avancées dans l’écriture font l’objet de réflexions et de conseils en fonction de la perception qu’ont les directeurs de recherche des besoins des doctorants. Notre recherche tente de comprendre le vécu expérientiel des doctorants et d’identifier quels peuvent être, pour eux, les enjeux formatifs des cst . À cet effet, une enquête qualitative a été conduite auprès de 14 doctorants et de 3 docteurs au sein d’un laboratoire de sciences de l’éducation accueillant 32 doctorants. Cet article constitue une première recherche sur un dispositif encore peu investi au plan scientifique
Dunkerque, port des Antilles ? Le projet de compagnie de commerce vers les îles de l’Amérique du subdélégué Nacquart de 1663
Authors: Roulet Éric
Published: January 2021

En 1663, le lieutenant général de l’amirauté de Dunkerque et subdélégué de l’intendant de Picardie, Nicolas Nacquart, adresse au roi un projet de compagnie pour le commerce des Antilles dans lequel il livre le détail des coûts d’affrêtement d’un navire en deux listes, l’une donne les dépenses pour le navire et l’équipage, et l’autre, les marchandises à charger pour satisfaire les besoins des colons. Il s’agit assurément de dynamiser l’activité de la place flamande qui vient de devenir française mais aussi de trouver une solution au commerce vers les îles qui échappe en grande partie aux marchands nationaux au profit des Hollandais. La façon dont les élites flamandes sont impliquées interroge. Comment ce projet s’inscrit-il dans les plans de la monarchie ?