bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome‐wide analysis uncovers regulatory elements of the antennal transcriptome repertoire of bumblebee at different life stages
Authors: Dikmen Fatih , Dabak Tunç , Özgişi Burcu Daşer , Özenirler Çiğdem , Kuralay Selim Can , Çay Selahattin Barış , Çınar Yusuf Ulaş , Obut Onur , Balcı Mehmet Ali , Akbaba Pınar , Aksel Esma Gamze , Zararsız Gökmen , Solares Edwin , Eldem Vahap
Published: April 2024

Bumblebees are crucial pollinators, providing essential ecosystem services and global food production. The success of pollination services relies on the interaction between sensory organs and the environment. The antenna functions as a versatile multi‐sensory organ, pivotal in mediating chemosensory/olfactory information, and governs adaptive responses to environmental changes. Despite an increasing number of RNA‐sequencing studies on insect antenna, comprehensive antennal transcriptome studies at the different life stages were not elucidated systematically. Here, we quantified the expression profile and dynamics of coding/microRNA genes of larval head and antennal tissues from early‐ and late‐stage pupa to the adult of Bombus terrestris as suitable model organism among pollinators. We further performed Pearson correlation analyses on the gene expression profiles of the antennal transcriptome from larval head tissue to adult stages, exploring both positive and negative expression trends. The positively correlated coding genes were primarily enriched in sensory perception of chemical stimuli, ion transport, transmembrane transport processes and olfactory receptor activity. Negatively correlated genes were mainly enriched in organic substance biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms underlying larval body patterning and the formation of juvenile antennal structures. As post‐transcriptional regulators, miR‐1000‐5p, miR‐13b‐3p, miR‐263‐5p and miR‐252‐5p showed positive correlations, whereas miR‐315‐5p, miR‐92b‐3p, miR‐137‐3p, miR‐11‐3p and miR‐10‐3p exhibited negative correlations in antennal tissue. Notably, based on the inverse expression relationship, positively and negatively correlated microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA target pairs revealed that differentially expressed miRNAs predictively targeted genes involved in antennal development, shaping antennal structures and regulating antenna‐specific functions. Our data serve as a foundation for understanding stage‐specific antennal transcriptomes and large‐scale comparative analysis of transcriptomes in different insects.
Comparison of the relationship between hardness and wear resistance of polycrystalline diamond and cubic boron nitride
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhang Jiawei , Tian Yi , Wang Junpu , He Duanwei
Published: April 2024

Hardness is an important indicator of the wear resistance of tool materials. The study of the effect of hardness on the wear resistance of tool materials has significant practical applications. In this experimental work, a series of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) and diamond (PCD) compacts with different hardness are sintered under high temperature and pressure, and these samples were fashioned into turning tools, used for edge wear testing in the granite turning process. Based on the measurements above, the relationship between hardness and wear resistance in two materials with identical grain sizes (1–2 µm) was examined, and the results reveal a significant positive correlation between the hardness and wear resistance of the two materials. Remarkably, the relationship between hardness and wear resistance in two materials complies with the same type of fitting function. But incredibly, the wear resistance of the two materials exhibits inconsistency as the hardness increases. Specifically, below 40 GPa Vickers hardness, both materials exhibit comparable wear resistance. However, above 40 GPa, the difference in wear resistance between the two materials becomes more pronounced with increasing hardness. At the Vickers hardness of 70 GPa, the abrasion ratio of the PCD is approximately 3.5 times that of the PcBN, and it is anticipated that the disparity between them will continue to expand within the broader range of hardness. Further analysis reveals that the intrinsic hardness of the crystal grains significantly impacts the wear resistance of polycrystalline materials.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals the association between specific solute carrier proteins gene expression patterns and the immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Jiang Cheng , Zhu Wende , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: April 2024

Glioma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumour. Currently, reshaping its tumour microenvironment has emerged as an appealing strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. As the largest group of transmembrane transport proteins, solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are responsible for the transmembrane transport of various metabolites and ions. They play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism and functions of malignant cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment, making them a promising target in cancer therapy. Through multidimensional data analysis and experimental validation, we investigated the genetic landscape of SLCs in glioma. We established a classification system comprising 7‐SLCs to predict the prognosis of glioma patients and their potential responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our findings unveiled specific SLC expression patterns and their correlation with the immune‐suppressive microenvironment and metabolic status. The 7‐SLC classification system was validated in distinguishing subgroups within the microenvironment, specifically identifying subsets involving malignant cells and tumour‐associated macrophages. Furthermore, the orphan protein SLC43A3, a core member of the 7‐SLC classification system, was identified as a key facilitator of tumour cell proliferation and migration, suggesting its potential as a novel target for cancer therapy.
A potassium‐chloride co‐transporter with altered genome architecture functions as a suppressor in glioma
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Pan Zhouyang , Lin Xuelei , Chen Long , Yang Qi , Zhang Wei , Dai Luohuan , Zhang Yihao , Li Wang , Chen Yinhua , Peng Kang , Wanggou Siyi , Zeng Feiyue , Li Xuejun
Published: April 2024

Gliomas, the most lethal tumours in brain, have a poor prognosis despite accepting standard treatment. Limited benefits from current therapies can be attributed to genetic, epigenetic and microenvironmental cues that affect cell programming and drive tumour heterogeneity. Through the analysis of Hi‐C data, we identified a potassium‐chloride co‐transporter SLC12A5 associated with disrupted topologically associating domain which was downregulated in tumour tissues. Multiple independent glioma cohorts were included to analyse the characterization of SLC12A5 and found it was significantly associated with pathological features, prognostic value, genomic alterations, transcriptional landscape and drug response. We constructed two SLC12A5 overexpression cell lines to verify the function of SLC12A5 that suppressed tumour cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, SLC12A5 was also positively associated with GABAA receptor activity and negatively associated with pro‐tumour immune signatures and immunotherapy response. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of SLC12A5 in glioma and supports SLC12A5 as a potential suppressor of disease progression.
Real‐world adalimumab survival and discontinuation factors in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Garbayo‐Salmons Patricia , Vilarrasa Eva , Bassas‐Vila Julio , Mora‐Fernández Veronica , Fuertes Irene , Luque‐Luna Mar , Fornons‐Servent Rosa , Martin‐Ezquerra Gemma , Aguayo‐Ortiz Rafael Sergio , Ceravalls Joan , Mollet Jordi , Gómez Tomás Álvaro , Masferrer Emili , Corral‐Magaña Oriol , Matas‐Nadal Clara , del Estal Jorge , Fuertes Bailón Diana , Calvet Joan , Romaní Jorge
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives

Survival analyses can provide valuable insights into effectiveness and safety as perceived by prescribers. Here, we aimed to evaluate adalimumab (ADA) survival and the interruption risk factors in a multicentre cohort of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Moreover, we performed a subanalysis considering the periods before and after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study including 539 adult patients with HS who received ADA from 1 May 2015 to 31 December 2022. Overall drug survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and compared between the subgroups via stratified log‐rank test. Possible predictors for overall drug survival and reasons for discontinuation were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression.

Results

Overall, 50.1% were females with a mean age of 43.5 ± 1 years and a mean BMI of 29.5 ± 6.7. At the start of ADA, 95.29% were biologic‐naïve and 24.63% had undergone surgical treatment. During follow‐up, 9.46% of patients required dose escalation, while 39.92% interrupted ADA. Concomitant therapy was used in 64.89% of cases. A subanalyses comparing pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods revealed a tendency to initiate ADA treatment at a younger age, among patient with higher BMI and at a lower HS stage after COVID‐19 pandemic. Interestingly, ADA demonstrated extended survival compared to previous studies, with a median overall drug survival of 56.2 months (95% CI 51.2 to 80.3). The primary causes for discontinuation were inefficacy (51.69%), followed by adverse effects (21.35%). Female sex, longer delay in HS diagnosis, higher baseline IHS4 score and concomitant spondyloarthritis were associated with poorer ADA survival or increased risk of discontinuation.

Conclusions

ADA demonstrated prolonged survival (median 56.2 months). While addition of antibiotics did not have a positive effect on survival rate, basal IHS4 proved useful in predicting ADA survival.
Role of hepatitis B core‐related antigen in predicting the occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Qi‐Hang , Liu Hui , Yan Lun‐Jie , Wang Han‐Chao , Ding Zi‐Niu , Mao Xin‐Cheng , Li Rui‐Zhe , Pan Guo‐Qiang , Zhang Xiao , Tian Bao‐Wen , Han Cheng‐Long , Dong Zhao‐Ru , Tan Si‐Yu , Wang Dong‐Xu , Yan Yu‐Chuan , Li Tao
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the predictive value of hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) on the occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to April 6, 2023. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the occurrence and recurrence of HCC.

Results

Of the 464 articles considered, 18 articles recruiting 10 320 patients were included. The pooled results showed that high serum HBcrAg level was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HCC in CHB patients (adjusted HR = 3.12, 95% CI: 2.40–4.06, P < 0.001, I2 = 43.2%, P = 0.043; OR = 5.65, 95% CI: 3.44–5.82, P < 0.001, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.42). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the predictive ability of HBcrAg for the occurrence of HCC is not influenced by the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or the use of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs). In addition, our meta‐analysis also suggests that HBcrAg is a predictor of HCC recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.26–2.32, P < 0.001, I2 = 7.89%, P = 0.031).

Conclusions

For patients with CHB, serum HBcrAg may be a potential predictive factor for the occurrence of HCC, regardless of HBeAg status or NA treatment. It may also serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for the recurrence of HCC. More studies are needed to confirm our conclusions.
Analysis of microscopy techniques to measure segregation in continuous‐cast steel slabs
Authors: Al Rafi Araf , Santillana Begoña , Feng Renfei , Thomas Brian G. , Phillion André B.
Published: April 2024

The accurate characterisation of centreline segregation requires precise measurements of composition variations over large length scales (10 ) across the centreline of the cast product, while having high resolution, sufficient to quantify the significant composition variations between dendrites due to microsegregation at very small length scales (10). This study investigates the potential of a novel microscopy technique, named Synchrotron Micro X‐ray Flurorescence (SMXRF), to generate large‐scale high‐resolution segregation maps from a steel sample taken from a thin slab caster. Two methods, Point Analysis and Regression Analysis, are proposed for SMXRF data calibration. By comparing with the traditional Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and Electron Probe Micro Analyser (EPMA) techniques, we show that SMXRF is successful in quantitative characterisation of centreline segregation. Over large areas (e.g. 12 16 ) and at high resolution (10–50 pixel size) various techniques yield comparable outcomes in terms of composition maps and solute profiles. The findings also highlight the importance of both high spatial resolution and large field of view to have a quantitative, accurate, and efficient measurement tool to investigate segregation phenomena.
Trail making test – black & white (TMT B&W): Normative study for the Chilean population
Authors: Carvallo Claudia , Ramos‐Henderson Miguel
Published: April 2024

The trailmaking test (TMT) has an educational bias that makes it inapplicable to people with low levels of education due to its dependence on the alphabet. The TMT standardization is the only one available in Chile, and there is a need for alternative ways of using the TMT that do not depend on the level of education for its applicability. To determine the normative scores of the TMT – black & white (TMT B&W), considering sociodemographic factors in adult and elderly Chilean population. A total sample of 227 participants (133 healthy, 94 cognitively impaired) from the Ageing Mets cohort were recruited from three areas in Chile (Antofagasta, Santiago, and Puerto Montt). The TMT B&W was administered to all participants. A multiple regression model was used to generate normative data only in the cognitively healthy group, considering the effect of age, education and sex. A significant effect of age was found in the score of the TMT B&W Parts A and B. The level of education influenced the part B of the test; however, the completion rate of the TMT B&W parts A and B was over 90% in cognitively healthy people. Norms for the number of errors were obtained, and differences between groups were found after controlling for the effect of age and education. This study is the first to provide normative data for the Chilean version of the TMT B&W and will benefit clinical neuropsychologists by improving the procedures for more accurately assessing executive functions and its impairments.
The role of nurse–patient mutuality on self‐care behaviours in patients with chronic illness
Authors: Cilluffo Silvia , Bassola Barbara , Lyons Karen S. , Lee Christopher S. , Vellone Ercole , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Clari Marco , Dimonte Valerio , Lusignani Maura
Published: April 2024

Aim

To examine the role of nurse–patient mutuality on three self‐care behaviours in chronic illness patients.

Design

A cross‐sectional multi‐centre study was conducted.

Methods

Mutuality was measured with the Nurse–Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness scale which has the dimensions of developing and going beyond, being a point of reference and deciding and sharing care, and self‐care was measured with the Self‐care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC‐CII). Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the contribution of three dimensions of mutuality on self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management behaviours controlling for patient gender, age, education, number of medications, and presence of a family caregiver.

Results

The sample included 465 inpatients and outpatients with at least one chronic illness. The three dimensions of mutuality had different roles in their influence on the three dimensions of self‐care. Developing and going beyond was significantly associated with self‐care maintenance and self‐care monitoring behaviours. Point of reference was significantly associated with self‐care maintenance behaviour. Deciding and sharing care was significantly associated with self‐care monitoring and self‐care management behaviours.

Conclusion

The mutuality between nurse and patient may be a novel area of research to support and improve patient self‐care behaviours with implications for clinical practice and education.

Implication for Profession and Patient Care

Mutuality between nurse and patient increases patient engagement, symptom recognition, decision‐making process and patient‐centred approach favouring the development of self‐care behaviours.

Impact

Mutuality between nurse and patient is a new concept and its association with the patient outcomes could bring relevance to the nursing profession. Self‐care behaviours are important in the management of chronic diseases, but are difficult to perform. Mutuality between nurse and patient influences the three different behaviours of self‐care in chronic illness, for this reason it is important to increase the level of mutuality in this dyad.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was followed in this study.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were involved in the sample of the study.
Relationship between neuroimaging and cognition in frontotemporal dementia: An FDG‐PET and structural MRI study
Authors: Cayir Salih , Volpi Tommaso , Toyonaga Takuya , Gallezot Jean‐Dominique , Yang Yanghong , Sadabad Faranak Ebrahimian , Mulnix Tim , Mecca Adam P. , Fesharaki‐Zadeh Arman , Matuskey David
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition with a prevalence comparable to Alzheimer's disease for patients under 65 years of age. Limited studies have examined the association between cognition and neuroimaging in FTD using different imaging modalities.

Methods

We examined the association of cognition using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with both gray matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET in 21 patients diagnosed with FTD. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using the brainstem as a reference region was the primary outcome measure for FDG‐PET. Partial volume correction was applied to PET data to account for disease‐related atrophy.

Results

Significant positive associations were found between whole‐cortex GM volume and MoCA scores (r = 0.46, p = .04). The association between whole‐cortex FDG SUVR and MoCA scores was not significant (r = 0.37, p = .09). GM volumes of the frontal cortex (r = 0.54, p = .01), caudate (r = 0.62, p<.01), and insula (r = 0.57, p<.01) were also significantly correlated with MoCA, as were SUVR values of the insula (r = 0.51, p = .02), thalamus (r = 0.48, p = .03), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (r = 0.47, p = .03).

Conclusions

Whole‐cortex atrophy is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and this association is larger than for whole‐cortex hypometabolism as measured with FDG‐PET. At the regional level, focal atrophy and/or hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, insula, PCC, thalamus, and caudate seem to be important for the decline of cognitive function in FTD. Furthermore, these results highlight how functional and structural changes may not overlap and might contribute to cognitive dysfunction in FTD in different ways.
Age of first dental visits: A benefit of the pediatric medical home
Authors: Bussard Natalie , Casamassimo Paul , Amini Homa , Peng Jin , Wapner Andrew , Meyer Beau D.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This retrospective cohort study compared differences in age one dental visit use and age at first dental visit according to fluoride varnish receipt at the pediatric medical home.

Methods

Enrollment and claims data were used from Partners For Kids, a pediatric accountable care organization covering Medicaid‐enrolled children living in 47 of 88 counties in Ohio. The main outcomes were having an age one dental visit and the mean age at first dental visit. Descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons were applied.

Results

Among 17,675 children, 2.8% had an age one dental visit. The mean age at first dental visit was 4.8 years. Children who received fluoride varnish from their medical home (12% of study population) were significantly younger at their first dental visit (4.1 vs. 4.9 years, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Despite longstanding recommendations for the age one dental visit, very few Medicaid‐enrolled children in Ohio had one. The pediatric medical home lowered the age of first dental visit.
Population pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intramuscular administration to exercised thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Weiner Daniel , McKemie Daniel S. , Traynham Megan , Blea Jeff
Published: April 2024

Butorphanol is commonly administered, both by the intravenous and intramuscular routes, to racehorses to facilitate handling for diagnostic procedures. As the administration of butorphanol for therapeutic purposes is considered appropriate, in order to avoid inadvertent positive drug tests, a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of this drug is necessary. In the current study, 12, exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered a single intramuscular dose of 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol, and serum and urine samples were collected at various times post drug administration for determination of butorphanol concentrations using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Serum data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effect population PK model. The maximum concentration (C
max) and time to maximum concentration (T
max) were 139.9 ± 72.8 ng/mL and 0.43 ± 0.44 h (mean ± SD), respectively. Although likely not clinically relevant, but important for drug testing purposes, a prolonged terminal phase was observed, yielding a terminal half‐life of 7.67 ± 1.86 h. Using the blood screening limits proposed by the Horseracing Integrity and Welfare Unit, the detection time for intramuscular administration of butorphanol was estimated to be 96 h.
Identification of a 1‐acyl‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key enzyme involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis
Authors: Santoshi Meghna , Bansia Harsh , Hussain Muzammil , Jha Abodh Kumar , Nagaraja Valakunja
Published: April 2024

Latent tuberculosis, caused by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), poses a threat to global health through the incubation of undiagnosed infections within the community. Dormant Mtb, which is phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics, accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) utilizing fatty acids obtained from macrophage lipid droplets. TAG is vital to mycobacteria, serving as a cell envelope component and energy reservoir during latency. TAG synthesis occurs by sequential acylation of glycerol‐3‐phosphate, wherein the second acylation step is catalyzed by acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), resulting in the production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a precursor for the synthesis of TAG and various phospholipids. Here, we have characterized a putative acyltransferase of Mtb encoded by Rv3816c. We found that Rv3816c has all four characteristic motifs of AGPAT, exists as a membrane‐bound enzyme, and functions as 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase. The enzyme could transfer the acyl group to acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate (LPA) from monounsaturated fatty acyl‐coenzyme A of chain length 16 or 18 to produce PA. Complementation of Escherichia coli PlsC mutant in vivo by Rv3816c confirmed that it functions as AGPAT. Its active site mutants, H43A and D48A, were incapable of transferring the acyl group to LPA in vitro and were not able to rescue the growth defect of E. coli PlsC mutant in vivo. Identifying Rv3816c as AGPAT and comparing its properties with other AGPAT homologs is not only a step toward understanding the TAG biosynthesis in mycobacteria but has the potential to explore it as a drug target.
The Universal As (Non‐)Particular: Agamben, Metz, And The Theology Of Victimhood
Authors: Wise Ryan M.
Published: April 2024

This study offers a new perspective on the work of Italian theorist Giorgio Agamben, arguing that his recent engagements with the Christian tradition can be productively interpreted as a kind of political theology. As a way of making this claim, I place Agamben in dialogue with German Catholic theologian Johann Baptist Metz, as perhaps the clearest analogue in recent political theology, examining their shared genealogical roots in Marxist philosophy and the Frankfurt School, as well their mutual interests in early‐Christian and medieval apocalyptic. Furthermore, I argue that their respective projects can mutually inform one another, and together be regarded as a corrective to certain aspects of contemporary Augustinian theory. Focusing on the question of the victim, I contend that Agamben's and Metz’s approach to “universality” can serve to illuminate and to challenge some of the more “particularistic” and exclusionary elements of the Augustinian form.
Australian and New Zealand Living Guideline cholesterol‐lowering therapy for people with chronic kidney disease (CARI Guidelines): Reducing the evidence‐practice gap
Authors: Cashmore Brydee , Tunnicliffe David J. , Palmer Suetonia , Blythen Llyod , Boag Jane , Kostner Karam , Krishnasamy Rathika , Lambert Kelly , Miller Andrea , Mullan Judy , Patu Maira , Phoon Richard K. S. , Rix Liz , Trompf Natasha , Johnson David W. , Walker Robert ,   the CARI Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: April 2024

Aim

People with chronic kidney disease experience high rates of cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol‐lowering therapy is a mainstay in the management but there is uncertainty in the treatment effects on patient‐important outcomes, such as fatigue and rhabdomyolysis. Here, we summarise the updated CARI Australian and New Zealand Living Guidelines on cholesterol‐lowering therapy in chronic kidney disease.

Methods

We updated a Cochrane review and monitored newly published studies weekly to inform guideline development according to international standards. The Working Group included expertise from nephrology, cardiology, Indigenous Health, guideline development and people with lived experience of chronic kidney disease.

Results

The guideline recommends people with chronic kidney disease (eGFR ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m2) and an absolute cardiovascular risk of 10% or higher should receive statin therapy (with or without ezetimibe) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death (strong recommendation, moderate certainty evidence). The guidelines also recommends a lower absolute cardiovascular risk threshold (≥5%) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and Māori with chronic kidney disease to receive statin therapy (with or without ezetimibe) (strong recommendation, low certainty evidence). The evidence was actively surveyed from 2020–2023 and updated as required. No changes to guideline recommendations were made, with no new data on the balance and benefits of harms.

Conclusions

The development of living guidelines was feasible and provided the opportunity to update recommendations to improve clinical decision‐making in real‐time. Living guidelines provide the opportunity to transform chronic kidney disease guidelines.
Emblica chakrabartyi sp. nov. (Phyllanthaceae), a striking species from the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Sunil Chandrasseril Narayanan , Prabhukumar Konickal Mambetta , Naveen Kumar Vannaratta Veettil , Sanilkumar Malayil Gopalan , Simi Mattappilly Sugathan , Balachandran Indira
Published: April 2024

A new species of Emblica Gaertn. (Phyllanthaceae), E. chakrabartyi sp. nov. from the southern part of the Western Ghats, India is described here along with data on distribution, phenology and colour photographs. A key to the species of Emblica in India is also provided. The new species is allied to Emblica anamalayana, but differs in habit, urceolate staminate flowers with short pedicel, inner tepals of staminate flower larger than outer, short anthers which are equal in length to its column, three distinct deeply bifid styles, shape of capsule and its styles and black lineolate smooth seeds.
Ophiorrhiza paralatiflora (Rubiaceae), a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhan Min , Liao Xiao‐Wen , Song Feng , Xue Ling , Liu Quan‐Ru , Wu Lei
Published: April 2024

Ophiorrhiza paralatiflora, a new species of Rubiaceae from limestone areas of Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to O. alatiflora, but differs from the latter by having an inflorescence that is erect from the youngest developmental stage (versus initially drooping then gradually erect), subulate bract (versus linear or linear‐lanceolate) absent or shorter than 3 mm (versus obvious, 5–15 mm long). It also resembles O. cantonensis, but can be distinguished from the latter by the same characters as from O. alatiflora, plus by having a corolla tube with ca 1 mm (versus 0.3 mm) wide wings outside along its entire length (versus from near apex to the middle part). The conservation status was assessed as ‘Least Concern' (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
Does matter mind content?
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Verónica
Published: April 2024

Let ‘semantic relevance’ be the thesis that the wide semantic properties of representational mental states (like beliefs and desires) are causally relevant to behavior. A popular way of arguing for semantic relevance runs as follows: start with a sufficient counterfactual condition for causal or explanatory relevance, and show that wide semantic properties meet it with respect to behavior (e.g., Loewer & Lepore (1987,1989), Rescorla (2014), Yablo (2003)).

This paper discusses an in‐principle limitation of this strategy: even the most sophisticated counterfactual criteria systematically misclassify irrelevant properties as relevant when they stand in certain kinds of modal co‐variation or ‘entanglement’ relations to genuinely relevant properties. This entanglement problem, I argue, is more general and more serious than proponents of the counterfactual strategy have recognized: it threatens recent interventionist arguments for semantic relevance, and is not easily solved by appeal to proportionality or naturalness. I end by suggesting that proponents of semantic relevance may need to shift their attention from patterns of counterfactuals to the lawful psychological generalizations that explain them.
Reducing weight bias and stigma in qualitative research interviews: Considerations for researchers
Authors: Hung Pam , Miciak Maxi , Godziuk Kristine , Gross Douglas P. , Forhan Mary
Published: April 2024

Perceptions and biases influence how we interact with and experience the world, including in professional roles as researchers. Weight bias, defined as negative attitudes or perceptions towards people that have large bodies, can contribute to weight stigma and discrimination leading to negative health and social consequences. Weight bias is experienced by people living with obesity in media, health care, education, employment and social settings. In research settings, there is potential for weight bias to impact various aspects of qualitative research including the participant‐researcher dynamic in interviews. However, evidence‐based strategies to reduce weight bias in qualitative research interviews have yet to be identified. We discuss how weight bias may influence research interviews and identify several considerations and strategies for researchers to minimize the impact of weight bias. Strategies include practicing reflexivity, planning and conducting interviews in ways that support rapport building, using inclusive language, and considering participatory methods.
Caught in a standstill—The unresolved challenges of integrated service delivery in public organizations
Authors: Andersen Niklas Andreas , Breidahl Karen Nielsen
Published: April 2024

Despite widespread support for integrated service delivery (ISD), the challenges of making ISD a sustainable feature of the public sector remain unresolved. This article offers new insights to this persistent challenge by developing a novel theoretical framework, inspired by the perspective of institutional complexity, and applying it to the case of Danish job centers. We demonstrate how the contradictory and layered nature of governance arrangements simultaneously pose demands of service integration and ‐separation on the job centers. Consequently, the job center managers can neither prioritize one of the demands nor blend them into hybrid practices. Instead, their attempts to further ISD remain inherently temporary—as they are continuously forced to reverse back to old organizational boundaries, to oscillate between work processes supporting service integration and service separation, and to rebuild collaborative relations. The managers are thus caught in a “frenetic standstill,” which hinders the sustainable organizing of ISD.
Greater mesophyll conductance and leaf photosynthesis in the field through modified cell wall porosity and thickness via AtCGR3 expression in tobacco
Authors: Salesse‐Smith Coralie E. , Lochocki Edward B. , Doran Lynn , Haas Benjamin E. , Stutz Samantha S. , Long Stephen P.
Published: April 2024

Mesophyll conductance (gm) describes the ease with which CO2 passes from the sub‐stomatal cavities of the leaf to the primary carboxylase of photosynthesis, Rubisco. Increasing gm is suggested as a means to engineer increases in photosynthesis by increasing [CO2] at Rubisco, inhibiting oxygenation and accelerating carboxylation. Here, tobacco was transgenically up‐regulated with Arabidopsis Cotton Golgi‐related 3 (CGR3), a gene controlling methylesterification of pectin, as a strategy to increase CO2 diffusion across the cell wall and thereby increase gm. Across three independent events in tobacco strongly expressing AtCGR3, mesophyll cell wall thickness was decreased by 7%–13%, wall porosity increased by 75% and gm measured by carbon isotope discrimination increased by 28%. Importantly, field‐grown plants showed an average 8% increase in leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Up‐regulating CGR3 provides a new strategy for increasing gm in dicotyledonous crops, leading to higher CO2 assimilation and a potential means to sustainable crop yield improvement.
Internalizing rules
Authors: Paulson Spencer
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to give an account of what it is to internalize a rule. I claim that internalization is the process of redistributing the burden of instruction from the teacher to the student. The process is complete when instruction is no longer needed, and the rule has reshaped perceptual classification of the circumstances in which it applies. Teaching a rule is the initiation of this process. We internalize rules by simulating instruction coming from someone else. Running these simulations enables us to toggle between the perspective of the instructor and our own perspective. By doing this we coordinate our perspectives with that of the teacher. The account given here provides a deeper explanation of why internalizing a rule involves the dispositions and reactive attitudes proponents of Rule Consequentialism often say it does, why moral reflection is variably demanding, how intergenerational moral progress is made possible by our cognitive architectures, and why the adoption of a rule should be understood in terms of teaching that rule.
Physiological and proteomic characterization revealed the response mechanisms underlying aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Maithreyi Shubhra , Taunk Jyoti , Singh Madan Pal
Published: April 2024

Aluminium (Al) toxicity causes major plant distress, affecting root growth, nutrient uptake and, ultimately, agricultural productivity. Lentil, which is a cheap source of vegetarian protein, is recognized to be sensitive to Al toxicity. Therefore, it is important to dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in lentil. To understand the physiological system and proteome composition underlying Al tolerance, two genotypes [L‐4602 (Al‐tolerant) and BM‐4 (Al‐sensitive)] were studied at the seedling stage. L‐4602 maintained a significantly higher root tolerance index and malate secretion with reduced Al accumulation than BM‐4. Also, label‐free proteomic analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer exhibited significant regulation of Al‐responsive proteins associated with antioxidants, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and regulation of glycolysis in L‐4602 as compared to BM‐4. Functional annotation suggested that transporter proteins (transmembrane protein, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transport‐related protein and multi drug resistance protein), antioxidants associated proteins (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidoreductase, oxidoreductase molybdopterin binding protein & peroxidases), kinases (calmodulin‐domain kinase & protein kinase), and carbohydrate metabolism associated proteins (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) were found to be abundant in tolerant genotype providing protection against Al toxicity. Overall, the root proteome uncovered in this study at seedling stage, along with the physiological parameters measured, allow a greater understanding of Al tolerance mechanism in lentil, thereby assisting in future crop improvement programmes.
Response of carbon fixation, allocation, and growth to source‐sink manipulation by defoliation in vegetative citrus trees
Authors: Li Sheng‐yang , Hussain Syed Bilal , Vincent Christopher
Published: April 2024

Source‐sink balance in plants determines carbon distribution, and altering it can impact carbon fixation, transport, and allocation. We aimed to investigate the effect of altered source‐sink ratios on carbon fixation, transport, and distribution in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis) by various defoliation treatments (0%, 33%, 66%, and 83% leaf removal). Gas exchange parameters were measured on 0 and 10 days after defoliation using A/Ci response curves, and leaf export was measured two days after defoliation using radioisotope tracer techniques. Greater defoliation increased the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), electron transport rate (J1200), and triose‐phosphate utilization rate (TPU). Leaf export was unaffected by defoliation but increased in leaves closer to the shoot apex. Basipetal translocation velocity in the trunk remained unaltered, indicating that more photosynthates remained in the shoot rather than being transported directly to the root sink. Defoliated plants initiated more new flush shoots but accumulated less shoot biomass per plant after 8 weeks. Carbon allocation to fine roots was smaller in defoliated plants, suggesting defoliation led to retention of carbohydrates in aboveground organs such as the trunk and other shoots from previous growing cycles. In conclusion, the low source‐sink ratio increased carbon fixation without impacting individual leaf export in citrus. The results suggest that intermediate sinks such as the aboveground perennial organs play a role in mediating the translocation velocity. Further research is necessary to better understand the dynamics of source‐sink regulation in citrus trees.
Using leaf economic spectrum and photosynthetic acclimation to evaluate the potential performance of wintersweet under future climate conditions
Authors: Wang Lei , Dang Qing‐Lai
Published: April 2024

The function of landscape plants on the ecosystem can alleviate environmental issues of urbanization and global change. Global changes due to elevated CO2 affect plant growth and survival, but there is a lack of quantitative methods to evaluate the adaptability of landscape plants to future climate conditions. Leaf traits characterized by leaf economic spectrum (LES) are the universal currency for predicting the impact on plant ecosystem functions. Elevated CO2 usually leads to photosynthetic acclimation (PC), characterised by decreased photosynthetic capacity. Here, we proposed a theoretical and practical framework for the use of LES and PC to project the potential performance of landscape plants under future climatic conditions through principal component analysis, structural equation modelling, photosynthetic restriction analysis and nitrogen allocation analysis. We used wintersweet (an important landscaping species) to test the feasibility of this framework under elevated CO2 and different nitrogen (N) supplies. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the specific leaf area but increased leaf N concentration. The results suggest wintersweet may be characterized by an LES with high leaf construction costs, low photosynthetic return, and robust stress resistance. Elevated CO2 reduced photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance but increased photosynthetic rate and leaf area. These positive physio‐ecological traits, e.g., larger leaf area (canopy), higher water use efficiency and stress resistance, may lead to improved performance of wintersweet under the predicted future climatic conditions. The results suggest planting more wintersweet in urban landscaping may be an effective adaptive strategy to climate change.
Golgi‐localized APYRASE 1 is critical for Arabidopsis growth by affecting cell wall integrity under boron deficiency
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Yao Jinliang , Jiang Zhexuan , Huang XinXuan , Wang Sheliang , Xu Fangsen
Published: April 2024

Many nucleoside triphosphate‐diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases/APYRASEs, APYs) play a key role in modulating extracellular nucleotide levels. However, the Golgi‐localized APYs, which help control glycosylation, have rarely been studied. Here, we identified AtAPY1, a gene encoding an NTPDase in the Golgi apparatus, which is required for cell wall integrity and plant growth under boron (B) limited availability. Loss of function in AtAPY1 hindered cell elongation and division in root tips while increasing the number of cortical cell layers, leading to swelling of the root tip and abundant root hairs under low B stress. Further, expression pattern analysis revealed that B deficiency significantly induced AtAPY1, especially in the root meristem and stele. Fluorescent‐labeled AtAPY1‐GFP localized to the Golgi stack. Biochemical analysis showed that AtAPY1 exhibited a preference of UDP and GDP hydrolysis activities. Consequently, the loss of function in AtAPY1 might disturb the homoeostasis of NMP‐driven NDP‐sugar transport, which was closely related to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. Further, cell wall‐composition analysis showed that pectin content increased and borate‐dimerized RG‐II decreased in apy1 mutants, along with a decrease in cellulose content. Eventually, altered polysaccharide characteristics presumably cause growth defects in apy1 mutants under B deficiency. Altogether, these data strongly support a novel role for AtAPY1 in mediating responses to low B availability by regulating cell wall integrity.
Stationary coupled KdV systems and their Stäckel representations
Authors: Szablikowski Błażej M. , Błaszak Maciej , Marciniak Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

In this article, we investigate stationary coupled Korteweg–de Vries (cKdV) systems and prove that every ‐field stationary cKdV system can be written, after a careful reparameterization of jet variables, as a classical separable Stäckel system in different ways. For each of these parameterizations, we present an explicit map between the jet variables and the separation variables of the system. Finally, we show that each pair of Stäckel representations of the same stationary cKdV system, when considered in the phase space extended by Casimir variables, is connected by an appropriate finite‐dimensional Miura map, which leads to an ‐Hamiltonian formulation for the stationary cKdV system.
Conservative management of multiple odontogenic keratocysts in a child with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: A case report
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , de Lima Kawhan Felipe Alves , de Oliveira Filho Osias Vieira , Simonato Luciana Estevam , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Tomo Saygo
Published: April 2024

Background

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), which are a hallmark feature of the syndrome. The treatment of these OKC poses challenges due to their high recurrence rates and the myriad of management options available.

Case Report

We describe here a case of NBCCS diagnosed in an 11‐year‐old girl who presented with multiple OKC in the jaws. Chest and cranial radiographs showed no abnormalities in the ribs and the cerebral falx, respectively. Cephalometric analysis indicated mandibular retrusion, a skeletal class II relationship, and a convex profile. The treatment approach involved a personalized strategy tailored for each cyst, comprising marsupialization followed by enucleation. This approach aimed to minimize surgical trauma and to reduce the risk of recurrence. The patient underwent regular follow‐up appointments, demonstrating successful outcomes with no signs of recurrence or de novo OKC observed over a 32‐month period.

Conclusion

Clinicians should consider lesion characteristics and patient cooperation when determining treatment strategies for the optimization of outcomes for children and adolescents with NBCCS and multiple OKC.
Changes in running economy and attainable maximal oxygen consumption in response to prolonged running: The impact of training status
Authors: Unhjem Runar Jakobsen
Published: April 2024

During prolonged running at moderate‐to‐high intensity, running economy (RE) deteriorates and attainable maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) decreases. Whether these changes appear similarly in trained and untrained runners exercising at the same relative intensity is not clear. We recruited 10 trained runners (TR) and 10 active adults (AA), and compared RE and attainable VO2max before and after 1 h of running at 70% of VO2max. Submaximal VO2 increased more (p = 0.019) in AA (0.20 ± 0.13 L min−1) than in TR (0.07 ± 0.05 L min−1). Attainable VO2max decreased in AA (−0.21 ± 0.15 L min−1, p = 0.002), but remained unchanged in TR (−0.05 ± 0.10 L min−1, p = 0.18). Relative intensity (i.e., VO2/attainable VO2max), increased more (p = 0.001) in AA (8.3 ± 4.4%) than in TR (2.6 ± 1.9%). These results demonstrate that the ability to resist changes in RE and VO2max following prolonged running is superior in trained versus untrained runners, when exercising at the same relative intensity.
Civility norm violations and political accountability
Authors: Cagle Drew , Davis Nicholas T.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This short article investigates how violations of civility norms by politicians affect attitudes about the importance of norms and demand for political accountability after wrongdoing.

Results

Our main findings are twofold: (1) support for norms and (2) demand for punishing norm‐breaking increases when parties hold political officials accountable for their actions—especially in the case of in‐group norm‐breaking.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to a growing literature on Americans’ support for norms by implying that elites play an important role in sustaining the standards of democratic exchange. When elites impose punishment on copartisan elites, they signal to the public that accountability is acceptable.