bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Sensitivity Evaluation of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Based on GIS and RS
Authors: Wang Chenbai , Zhang Shidong , Guo Luo
Published: July 2023

This study takes Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in China as the research object, and establishes an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system based on the current ecological environment of the state using land use data, combined with field surveys and socio-economic and other data. And the ecological sensitivity evaluation was carried out based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) using a hierarchical analysis method. The results of the study showed that the overall ecological sensitivity of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture showed spatial variability with low in the northwest and high in the southeast; among them, the extremely sensitive area accounted for only 3.53% of the total area, the moderately sensitive area accounted for 30.10% of the total area, and the slightly sensitive area and insensitive area accounted for 47.82% of the total area. The study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological economy and sustainable development of the state.
Elucidating the Factors Governing the Interannual Variability of Ozone Concentrations During Fall 2015-2019 in Sanya, China
Authors: He Guoming , Gao Yang
Published: July 2023

While ozone pollution has been a major air pollution concern in metropolitans in China, the characteristics and governing factors of ozone concentrations in Sanya remains unclear. In this study, we first analyze the interannual variability of ozone based on observational data in Sanya, and identify it is in general characterized by a peak ozone season in fall and minimal ozone season in summer. Meanwhile, the substantial ozone enhancement in 2019 compared to the previous three to four years over Sanya clearly stands out. To elucidate the possible governing factors, we design a few numerical experiments based on regional air quality model, and find that the modulation of meteorology is key to steering the interannual variability of ozone in fall in Sanya. The spatial evolution further indicates that the transport from upwind regions like Pearl River Delta region is crucial in stimulating the ozone accumulation in Sanya. In addition, ship emissions play important roles in further enhancing their ozone concentration, ranging from 7% -10% during 2015-2019. The findings in this study imply that whereas an overall low ozone concentration in Sanya, ozone exceedance may still occur in particular under unfavorable meteorological conditions together with the concomitant transport from other regions facing ozone pollution. It stresses the importance of regional emission control, including anthropogenic emissions and ship emissions, on improving air quality in Sanya.
Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Simulation and Its Driving Forces in Fuyuan, Sanjiang Plain, 2000-2020
Authors: Ni Qingmei , Wang Shijie , Li Xubo
Published: July 2023

As one of the most intact areas in the downstream of the Sanjiang Plain, Fuyuan is a key development area relying on the policy of "one island and two countries". Since 2000, the land use structure of Fuyuan has changed significantly due to natural and human factors. In this paper, We useed MARKOV to simulate LUCC ( Land-Use and Land-Cover Change) in Fuyuan from 2000 to 2020, calculating land use dynamic index , doing some correspondence analysis, and exploring its driving force factors. The results show that some land types are changed more violently. We analyzed the difficulty degree of land type mutual transformation, and the result is that the conversion of residential and other construction land is high, and the ecological reversibility is poor. Forest swamps and woodlands are most easily converted into cultivated land, and the competition is strong. Wetland is easy to convert into transport land; Fallow is the easiest way to estore wetlands. On this basis, we analyzed the natural factors and policy changes in the past 20 years, and concluded that human factors are the main driving forces for LUCC( Land-Use and Land-Cover Change),such as the urbanization process in Fuyuan and the implementation of policies about ecologically desertification and development of foreign trade, etc.
A Study of Factors Affecting College Students' Perception of Temporary Campus Landscape Environment for Asian Games
Authors: Song Yangyang , Chen Wei
Published: July 2023

Campus temporary landscapes have great potential to promote sustainability, student well-being, and campus engagement. The article presents a field survey, questionnaire design, and SPSS software analysis of the temporary Asian Games landscape at the Zhejiang University of Technology. An attempt was made to investigate the environmental perception impacts of the Asian Games' temporary campus landscape on university students and whether these impacts differed by individual differences (e.g., gender or academic major). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to explain college students' specific perceptions of the temporary Asian Games landscape. The analysis results show: 1) individual variables of college students had significant effects on the differences in environmental perceptions of the Asian Games temporary campus landscape, and gender and academic major factors had direct effects on them; 2) college students had different perceptual outcomes for different types of Asian Games temporary campus landscapes, and they preferred figurative temporary landscapes, followed by abstract and information transfer landscapes, and finally signage landscapes; 3) Asian Games There is a close connection between different features of the temporary campus landscape and college students' environmental perceptions, and aesthetic features become the key features affecting college students' environmental perceptions. The study reveals the mechanism of the temporary campus landscape of the Asian Games affecting the environmental perception of college students, and based on the results of the study, relevant planning suggestions are proposed, which have certain implications for improving the design of the temporary campus landscape space.
Assessment of Emission Reduction Potential of Power Supply Enterprises Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Chen Chuanmin , He Yu , Liu Songtao
Published: July 2023

In order to realize the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the carbon emission reduction potential of power supply enterprises, four emission reduction measures were selected for evaluation, namely, building energy efficiency improvement and clean energy utilization, sulfur hexafluoride emission control, reducing the comprehensive network loss rate, and clean transportation energy utilization. In view of the correlation of various impact factors, the analytic hierarchy process was adopted to form a three-level evaluation index system, According to the index system and based on the interval number fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the evaluation model of carbon emission reduction potential of power supply enterprises is constructed. The results show that the potential level of carbon emission reduction of power supply enterprises is the highest "very good", that is, the capacity of carbon emission reduction is significant.
Scenario Prediction of Carbon Peak in Fujian Electric Power Industry Based on STIRPAT Model
Authors: Chen Wanqing , Xiang Kangli , Guo Xiaodong , Wu Yuan , Ma Lianrui , Chen Zihan , Lin Hanxing , Zheng Nan , Cai Qiyuan
Published: July 2023

The power industry plays a crucial role in achieving the carbon reduction objectives and facilitating the transition towards a low-carbon economy and society. This study employed the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method to calculate the carbon emissions of the power industry in Fujian Province from 2001 to 2021. To predict the carbon emissions of the power industry in Fujian Province from 2022 to 2030, this article established a STIRPAT model based on ridge regression. Empirical research was carried out in this study to investigate the timing of carbon peaking and peak carbon emissions in the power industry of Fujian Province, considering various scenarios. The calculation of carbon emissions indicates that the overall carbon emissions in the electricity industry in Fujian Province showed an upward trend from 2001 to 2021. By 2021, the emissions reached 9.646×107 tons, and the carbon emissions peak has not been reached. Scenario simulation analysis shows that under the energy-saving scenario, the electricity industry in Fujian Province is projected to reach its carbon emissions peak in 2025, with a peak value of 9.687×107 tons. However, in the baseline and ideal scenarios, the carbon emissions in the electricity industry in Fujian Province are projected to not peak before 2030. By 2030, the emissions are estimated to be 9.853×107 tons and 1.067×108 tons, respectively. The article concludes by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the most effective approach towards achieving carbon peaking in the power industry within Fujian Province. This is accomplished by examining the issue from various angles, including government planning, power generation structure, industrial structure, and public awareness.
Hemicolectomy With Concomitant Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Case Study
Authors: Edwards Jeffery P. , Rodenberg Britt , Niles Scott D. , Ploessl James
Published: July 2023

The use of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy is an emerging new adjunct in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the colon. However, documentation regarding perfusion circuitry and techniques associated with this therapy remain largely undescribed. After consultation with the surgical service team, a custom designed circuit was constructed for this procedure. Institutional approval and informed consent were obtained for surgical debulking and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy for a 58-year old female. After surgical resection, a right hemicolectomy was performed and pathological specimens obtained. A modified custom circuit using a roller pump was first primed with 3 liters of Dianeal® PD-2 and recirculated until temperature of 41°C was obtained. The circuit was then connected to the patient for infusion of perfusate via Blake drains placed in the deep pelvis. Two additional drains were placed in the subdiaphragmatic space for return. Perfusate containing 30 mg of Mitomycin-C was circulated at 600–800 mL/min for 60 min at 41°C. An additional 10 mg of Mitomycin-C was then administered through the circuit for an additional hour under similar conditions. Upon completion, a washout procedure was performed with 2 additional liters of Dianeal® PD-2. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged postoperative day 7. We describe the successful use of a perfusion-administered heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen as an integral part of successful treatment of adenocarcinoma of the colon.
Quality of Thrombin Produced From the Patient’s Own Plasma Using the TPD™, a New Thrombin-Processing Device
Authors: Semple Elisabeth , Madsen Trista , Semple John W.
Published: July 2023

Thrombin derived from bovine sources commonly is used to arrest bleeding during surgical procedures. However, complications such as postoperative hemorrhage can occur because of the development of cross-reactive anti-bovine antibodies that inhibit human coagulation factor V. It would thus be advantageous to develop techniques to generate human thrombin. This study evaluated thrombin produced from human plasma using a new Thrombin-Processing Device (TPD™). Plasma was introduced into the TPD, mixed with an ethanol/CaCl2 reagent, incubated for 1 h, and the harvested thrombin was assayed for activity and the ability to activate platelets by in vitro assays. TPD-produced thrombin activity was found to be 51.8 ± 12.4 IU/mL (n = 145). TPD-produced thrombin also stimulated P-selectin (CD62) expression (83 ± 13% of the platelet population) and Annexin V binding (10.3 ± 2% of the platelet population) on platelets in a similar fashion to commercial thrombin (P-selectin expression: 88 ± 3%; Annexin-V binding: 11.4 ± 3%). Compared with CaCl2 and batroxobin, TPDproduced thrombin had a significantly greater ability to activate platelets. TPD-produced thrombin from human plasma has consistent activity and significantly activates platelets and, thus, may have attractive applications such as the production of autologous thrombin for surgical patients.
Clinical Evaluation of the Sorin Synthesis™ Oxygenator With Integrated Arterial Filter
Authors: Myers Gerard J. , Gardiner Ken , Ditmore Steve N. , Swyer Wilfred J. , Squires Chris , Johnstone David R. , Power Clarie V. , Mitchell Lance B. , Ditmore Jan E. , Cook Bill
Published: July 2023

The use of arterial line filters has long been a standard of practice in the field of cardiopulmonary bypass. Sorin Biomedica has designed an adult hollow-fiber oxygenator that not only incorporates their Mimesys® biomimicry coating technology but also has a 40-micron arterial filter as an integrated component of this unique membrane oxygenator. We did a prospective, randomized clinical trial of 54 Synthesis® coated oxygenators and compared them with 54 uncoated Monolyth Pro® oxygenators, the latter of which incorporated an external arterial line filter with a standard bypass loop There were few statistically significant differences found between the Synthesis® group and the Monolyth group with regard to pressure differentials, hemodynamic resistance, and platelet drop. The Synthesis® oxygenator did require less priming volume, but the amount was not significant. Platelet counts with the Phosphorylcholine coated Synthesis oxygenators, using crystalloid perfusates, was similar to our previously published data on platelet protection and Albumin perfusates. We conclude that the Sorin Synthesis® oxygenator appears to have better flow characteristics than the Monolyth oxygenator, with the potential for lower priming volumes. The most clinically significant benefit comes from the elimination of the arterial filter bypass loop and the avoidance of inverting the arterial filter during priming.
The Emergency Use of Recombinant Hirudin in Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Johnston Nicklett , Jessen Michael E. , DiMaio Michael , Douglass Debra S.
Published: July 2023

The most common anticoagulant used for cardiopumonary bypass is heparin. An alternate form of anticoagulant therapy is needed for patients who have immune-mediated heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HIT). Thrombocytopenia causes bleeding and may lead to serious arterial and venous thrombosis. HIT or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis type II (HITT) are both described as adverse reactions to heparin. They are diagnosed with a platelet count less than a 100,000/mcl for 2 consecutive days. HITT, the severe form, is characterized with the thrombocytopenia in combination with thromboembolic complications, such as strokes, myocardial infarctions, and limb ischemia. Two cases are presented in which r-hirudin was used for anticoagulation for aortocoronary bypass surgery and mitral valve replacement. The activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT) was used to monitor coagulation. In the first case, the aPTT was maintained greater than 100 seconds, and at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, some clot was noted in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. In the second case, a longer cardiopulmonary bypass run was anticipated, the hirudin bolus and infusion rate were increased, and the aPTT was maintained at greater than 200 sec. Adequate coagulation resulted, and, at the end of bypass, no clot was noted. These case studies seem to suggest a higher dosage of r-hirudin may be required for the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and a need to maintain aPTT values greater than 200 sec to help monitor anticoagulation.
Choice of Hemodynamic Support During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Shimada Yasuyuki , Yaku Hitoshi , Yamamoto Fumio
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate a protocol involving cerebrovascular accident (CVA) risk evaluation and choose adequate hemodynamic support that prevents major CVA. For evaluation of CVA risk, we undertook head computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), chest CT, carotid artery Doppler echo, carotid artery MRA, and echo scanning of ascending aorta during surgery. Cerebrovascular specialists did the physical examinations and reading of images. Hemodynamic support (chemical arrest on pump, on-pump beating, or off pump) was chosen according to the result of risk evaluation. We retrospectively studied 92 cases before (group A; 1997 October to 1998 November) and 91 after (group B; 1998 November to 2001 January) starting protocol. We also studied urgent cases (group C; 9 cases; 1997 October to 2001 January) in which we did not use the protocol. When adequate hemodynamic support was chosen, major CVA (modified Rankin scale grades 3, 4, and 5) incidence decreased from 6.6% (six case; group A) to 0% (p < .05; group B). There were three major CVA cases in group C (p < .05 vs. group B), in which the ascending aorta was clamped. Our protocol eliminated major CVA associated with elective coronary surgery. We need simpler evaluation, however, when we undertake urgent surgery.
Electrostatic Potential Generated During Extracorporeal Pump Prime Circulation Before Cardiopulmonary Bypass Initiation
Authors: Newton Haley S. , Niles Scott D. , Ploessl James , Richenbacher Wayne
Published: July 2023

The development of electrostatic potentials generated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures using polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubing in conjunction with roller pumps has been previously documented. The resulting damage from the electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been reported to affect gas transfer devices, but details of potential damage to electronic components commonly used during extracorporeal circulation have not been similarly described. The purpose of this study was to measure the ability of a triboelectric potential to be generated from a primed, circulating, adult CPB pump before the initiation of CPB. Two identical adult CPB circuits were assembled: one incorporating a roller pump and the second incorporating a centrifugal pump mechanism. Primed pumps were circulated (1–6 LPM), and evidence of generated triboelectric potentials was evaluated using a digital multimeter (Fluke 8062 A). The ESD generated from an adult CPB circuit using a roller head configuration elicited a charge in excess of 600 DC V. An identical circuit constructed with a centrifugal pump mechanism did not produce any measurable charge. Sensitive electrical components in the CPB hardware platform may be damaged by ESD potential spikes of this magnitude. Preventative measures, such as circuit charge dissipation, may reduce the potential for such damage when using PVC tubing.
Retrospective Analysis Comparing Hollow Fiber and Silicone Membrane Oxygenators for Neonates on ECMO
Authors: Mejak Brian , Giacomuzzi Carmen , Heller Eileen , You Xiaomang , Ungerleider Ross , Shen Irving
Published: July 2023

There is little information showing the use of microporous polypropylene hollow fiber oxygenators during extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Recent surveys have shown increasing use of these hollow fibers amongst ECLS centers in the United States. We performed a retrospective analysis comparing the Terumo BabyRx hollow fiber oxygenator to the Medtronic 800 silicone membrane oxygenator on 14 neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to investigate the similarities and differences when comparing pressure drops, prime volumes, oxygenator endurance, and gas transfer capabilities between the two groups.
Spreadsheet Use to Calculate Creatinine Clearance From Serum Creatinine
Authors: Shrewsberry Timothy W. , Banoub Ashraf , Fleming Kevin , Snyder Holly , Stehlik James
Published: July 2023

Spreadsheets may be created to include the Cockcroft-Gault Formula (CGF) for creatinine-based estimation of glomerular filtration rate. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) provides a more accurate method for perioperative risk assessment of renal function than serum creatinine. CrCl may be used to develop guidelines for renal protective management strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass. CGF uses serum creatinine, age, kilogram weight, sex, and “logical test” functions within the spreadsheet to calculate the CrCl. Implementation of spreadsheets has the potential for numerous other calculations and may provide an accurate and consistent method of clinical perfusion management.
Why Thrombin PAR1 Receptors Are Important to the Cardiac Surgical Patient
Authors: Landis Clive
Published: July 2023

Targeting of the high-affinity thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) on platelets represents an exciting strategy to curb the pro-thrombotic complications of cardiac surgery without interfering with the hemostatic benefits of thrombin in the coagulation cascade. The first dedicated PAR1 antagonist to complete safety trials this year has justified expectations, showing no increased risk of bleeding when added to standard anti-platelet therapy but halving major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention. In the setting of cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, an FDA-approved drug already exists with anti-PAR1 properties: aprotinin has been shown to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet activation in vitro and clinically, through sparing of PAR1 receptor cleavage and activation. Because aprotinin also exerts anti-fibrinolytic effects through blockade of plasmin, this indicates a subtle clinical mechanism of action that is simultaneously anti-thrombotic yet hemostatic. PAR1 antagonists would also be expected to exert anti-inflammatory properties through targeting of PAR1 on endothelium, and this principle has been validated in vitro for aprotinin and newer peptidomimetric antagonists. PAR1 antagonism is likely to remain an active and exciting area of research in cardiac surgery, with newer generations of PAR1 antagonists and recombinant aprotinin variants entering clinical development.
Use of a New Implantable Adjustable Pulmonary Artery Banding Device: A Report of Two Patients
Authors: Davis Matthew C.
Published: July 2023

Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is a method for reducing pulmonary artery blood flow and pressure by tying a surgical band around the main pulmonary artery (MPA). Originally, the procedure was primarily performed to palliate intracardiac left to right shunts for ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Currently, the use of PAB has expanded to allow it to be used in ventricular training, prior to total corrective surgery. At the Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark we have been trying a new device. The Flo-Watch PAB implant (EndoArt, Lausanne, Switzerland) is only currently available within certain European countries. The device is a mechanical PAB that allows noninvasive adjustment of the band post implantation, in an outpatient clinic. This has multiple advantages, not only in terms of convenience for the patient, and the reduced risk of multiple surgical interventions, but also from a financial standpoint to the health system. We would like to present our findings and comment on the use of the device in this report.
Effects of Modified Ultrafiltration on Coagulation as Measured by the Thromboelastograph
Authors: Steffens Thomas G. , Kohmoto Takushi , Edwards Niloo , Wolman Richard L. , Holt David W.
Published: July 2023

Hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) continues to be a cause of morbidity associated with coagulation dysfunction, bleeding, and allogeneic blood transfusion. Clot formation and strength have been shown to impact bleeding and transfusions. Strategies to reduce hemodilution may be negated based on the course of the cardiac procedure itself. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is commonly used in pediatric cardiac surgery; however, it is not well accepted in adult surgery. This study aimed to evaluate clot formation and strength, bleeding, and transfusions in adult subjects undergoing MUF. Nineteen subjects having primary coronary artery bypass, aortic, or mitral valve surgeries were recruited and randomized to having MUF (n= 10) or no-MUF (n= 9) performed after the termination of CPB. Five time points for data collection were designated: T1, baseline/induction; T2, termination CPB; T3, post-MUF; T4, post-protamine; T5, 24 hours postoperative. Subjects randomized to MUF had 1505 ± 15.8 mL of effluent removed, and no-MUF subjects had the CPB remnants processed with a cell salvage device. There was no statistical difference seen in 24-hour chest tube output, thromboelastograph values, or allogeneic transfusions at any time point between MUF and no-MUF subjects. There was a significant difference between MUF and no-MUF in the number of autologous cell salvage units processed (1.3 ± .48 vs. 2.9 ± .78,p= .0013) and end of procedure net fluid balance (+2003 ± 1211 vs. +4194 ± 1276 mL,p= .001), respectively. Estimated plasma loss from the cell salvage device was 477.6 mL greater in the no-MUF group. In primary adult cardiac procedures, MUF did not change coagulation values as measured by thromboelastography, number of allogeneic unit transfusions, or chest tube output at 24 hours postoperatively. There was a significant difference in autologous cell salvage units processed and end of procedure net fluid balance that benefited MUF subjects.
In Vitro Circuit Stability of 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin in Support of Hyperthermic Isolated Hepatic Perfusion
Authors: Colville Heidi , Dzadony Ryan , Kemp Rebecca , Stewart Stephen , Zeh Herbert J. , Bartlett David L. , Holleran Julianne , Schombert Kevin , Kosovec Juliann E. , Egorin Merrill J. , Beumer Jan H.
Published: July 2023

Over the years, a large number of drugs have been used in isolated perfusion of extremities or organs. To interpret the pharmacokinetics of these drugs correctly, the contributions of tissue or organ clearance and chemical degradation, respectively, to overall drug elimination from the circuit need to be identified. In support of a phase I clinical trial of isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), delivering 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin to patients with colorectal cancer hepatic metastases, we aimed to characterize the stability of 5-FU and oxaliplatin in the IHP circuit. Stability of 5-FU and oxaliplatin was assessed in human blood, lactated Ringer infusion (LRI), and in an in vitro IHP circuit consisting of both blood and LRI. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (5-FU) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (oxaliplatin). 5-FU was stable under all tested in vitro conditions, but ultrafilterable platinum concentrations decreased slowly with a half-life of 85 minutes in both IHP perfusate and whole blood. The stability of 5-FU in the media containing blood is likely attributable to saturation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. The decrease of ultrafilterable platinum in blood-containing media with an 85 minutes half-life is in agreement with previous reports on oxaliplatin biotransformation. Oxaliplatin and 5-FU are sufficiently stable in the circuit for the 1-hour perfusion in ongoing and planned clinical trials.
ZNS- und Nebennierenmetastasen bei Merkelzellkarzinom – ein besonderer Fall
Authors: Hage Sina-Maria , Burbach Guido , Harth Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Das Merkelzellkarzinom ist ein hochaggressiver, seltener Hauttumor. Bei Erstdiagnose bestehen bereits bei 30% der Patienten loko-regionäre Lymphknotenmetastasen. Fernmetastasen finden sich häufig in entfernten Lymphknotenstationen, der Haut, den abdominellen Organen und den Knochen. Bei Auftreten von Fernmetastasen reduziert sich das 5-Jahres-Überleben auf 18%. Wir berichten über eine Patientin mit Merkelzellkarzinom, die ein Jahr nach Erstdiagnose Fernmetastasen im ZNS und den Nebennieren entwickelte. Beide Lokalisationen sind bisher selten beschrieben. Therapeutisch kamen Radiatio, Radiochirurgie und eine Immuntherapie mit Avelumab zum Einsatz. Während sich hierunter eine komplette Remission der Hirnfiliae zeigte, führte ein rasanter Progress der Nebennierenmetastasen zur Umstellung auf eine palliative platinbasierte Chemotherapie.
Morphological changes analysis using 3D bathymetric surveys in Chilia Branch - Bystroe Channel bifurcation area
Authors: Tudor Georgeta , Deák György , Raischi Marius , Arsene Miruna , Holban Elena , Noor Norazian Mohamed , Amat Roshazita Che
Published: July 2023

The Bystroe Channel project with transboundary environmental impact in the Danube Delta, area of great ecological significance that has already a strong anthropic footprint, requires close monitoring of water quality parameters in order to determine their tendencies and their impact on the ecosystem components. Riverbed bathymetry surveys using multibeam echo-sounders are of high interest due to the data resolution and coverage capabilities that surpass the single-beam methods. Two riverbed elevation datasets, recorded in consecutive years, have been used to carry out morphological comparative analysis for the area where Chilia branch bifurcates in Bystroe Channel and Old Stambul. The analysis has been performed both on the bathymetry grids as a whole and on 3 longitudinal and 9 transversal river sections, the morphological changes values being in majority included in [-0.5 m;+0.5 m], with a minimum of -2.4 m and a maximum of 2.2 m, showing the bifurcation influence on the erosion/deposition processes results.
Risk of contamination of sturgeon species along the Lower Danube with AcIV-E virus from sturgeons raised in aquaculture systems
Authors: Deák Gy , Matache R , Prangate R , Dumitrescu G , Holban E , Lupea L , Norlia Nurliza Rahim , Ibrahim Mohamad
Published: July 2023

It is considered that most infections caused by pathogen agents in fish species raised in the closed medium like fishing farms originate from the natural environment, thus there are few information on virus transmission from species raised in aquaculture programs to the wild ones. This issue is important taking into account that the wild sturgeon populations are critically endangerment, and regarding to the IUCN Red List, two of these are already declared extinct. Within Danube Basin, environmental and anthropic factors series (reproduction habitats lost, hydrotechnical works) have caused the sturgeon distribution area to be restricted mainly in the lower segment of the river. In addition, intensive fishing or the introduction of invasive species have produced negative effects and hence the decrease in the population effectiveness. As result, from six native sturgeon species within Danube Basin, in our days, only four are still found. This review shall include an analysis of the status of knowledge, regarding the possible influence which the transmission of some viruses within sNCLDV from aquaculture species to the wild ones, also it shall propose an assessment of the risk of infection within Danube ichthyofaunal.
Precipitation variations in the central Vietnam to forecast using Holt-Winters Seasonal Additive Forecasting method for 1990 to 2019 trend
Authors: Bhagat Suraj Kumar , Tiyasha  , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: July 2023

Precipitation played a vital role in the landslide events, water cycle, irrigation management, agriculture yield. The major factor is the extreme weather such as temperature played a vital role in it. This study applied climatological data (30 years of span) of two different geolocation at Vietnam, and applied time series analysis, Holt-Winters Seasonal Additive Forecasting model. The highest Precipitation i.e. 260.83 and 112.96 mm in the month of September and November for Danang and Pleiku, respectively; and total sum of 66550.51 and 34118.38 mm over the period for Danang and Pleiku, respectively. Danang is with higher Precipitation in lesser number of events, and Pleiku is with lower Precipitation though more number of events. Holt-Winters Seasonal Additive Forecasting method revealed the potential forecasting method for the different statistical characteristics data set. Lag plot showed the higher positive as well as the negative lap quartile. Residual error plot present to support the applied model feasibility. Weakness of the study and the future objective of the study drafted.
Removal of Chromium (VI) in Aqueous Solution by Charcoal Adsorbent derived PET Plastic Waste
Authors: Othman Nurul Rusyda , Najib Nor Wahidatul Azura Zainon , Kamarudzaman Ain Nihla
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to assess the potential of charcoal and activated charcoal derived Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as adsorbent through the experiment of chromium hexavalent [Cr (VI)] removal from aqueous solution. The study aims to investigate the optimum adsorption conditions for Cr (VI) removal in aqueous solution under diverse adsorption operating conditions, namely pH, contact time, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration. The diameter of the charcoal produced was 600 μm. The results showed that 80 % and 90 % of Cr (VI) removal were achieved by using charcoal and activated charcoal, respectively, at pH 5, 150 rpm, 60 min of contact time, 0.5 g of adsorbent dosage, and 0.1 mg/L of Cr (VI) initial concentration. The removal of Cr (VI) was mainly affected by adsorption operating conditions and the physicochemical properties of adsorbents. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to model the adsorption behaviour and determine the adsorption capacity of both PET charcoal adsorbents. The adsorption isotherm plot was well fitted with the Langmuir model.
Lightweight Flame-retardant Material Reinforced with Hevea Brasiliensis Ash Intumescent Agent
Authors: Beh Jing Han , Yew Ming Kun
Published: July 2023

Flame retardant materials play an important role in many building construction components. The ability of building components to resist fire is crucial to the safety and well-being of the occupants. This research examines a lightweight flame-retardant material-Vermiculite (V) reinforced with a renewable Hevea Brasiliensis Biomass Ash Intumescent Agent (HBAIA) in different compositions. Four specimens of vermiculite reinforced with HBAIA (V/HBAIA) with standard size 200 mm x 200 mm x 10 mm (W x Lx H) were fabricated for investigations. All V/HBAIA specimens were assessed in terms of their density, fire-resistant, fire endurance and smoke, char surface morphology, and flexural toughness. Data disclosed V/HBAIA-2 with the composition of 90% vermiculite reinforced with 10% HBAIA obtained the most prominent outcomes in overall. V/HBAIA-2 attained the lightest density of 37.5 kg/m3 and weight of 0.20 kg, with lowest end temperature of 122 °C after exposure to one-hour of 1000 °C fire. This indicated the best fire-resistant performance in V/HBAIA-2. No structural deformation and only mild smoke and odor were observed in V/HBAIA-2 during the fire endurance examination. V/HBAIA-2 was able to resist the maximum loading force of 67.4 N before and 52.5 N after the fire resistant, with the higher flexural toughness value of 1.47 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a more uniform, denser, closely connected air cavities char cell quality in V/HBAIA-2 explained its superior outcomes in fire-resistant and flexural toughness as compared to the rest of specimens.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature of Coconut Fibre Biochar Incorporated in Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide for the Removal of Nickel(II)
Authors: Awang Nor Asikin , Salleh Wan Norharyati Wan , Aziz Farhana , Yusof Norhaniza , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: July 2023

Coconut-fiber biochar (CCFB) pyrolyzed at different pyrolysis temperatures (400°C, 500°C, and 600°C) that immobilized Zn/Al layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al LDH-CCFB) composite adsorbent was prepared via a simple co-precipitation technique. The composite adsorbents were used to reduce the high concentration of Ni(II) metal ions from aqueous solution. The morphological analysis was investigated scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of batch adsorption tests was conducted with different parameters, which cover the pH of the solution (3–7), initial concentration of Ni(II) (10–250 mg/L), and contact time of the shaking time (0.16–8 h). Pseudo-second order kinetic model was well fitted for all of the samples, compared to pseudo-first order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, with the value of R2 = 0.9993, 0.9719, 0.9924, and 0.9978 for Zn/Al LDH-0, Zn/Al LDH-CCFB400, Zn/Al LDH-CCFB500, and Zn/Al LDH-CCFB600, respectively. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich model with the value of R2 = 0.9311, 0.9987, 0.9843, and 0.9981 for Zn/Al LDH-0, Zn/Al LDH-CCFB400, Zn/Al LDH-CCFB500, and Zn/Al LDH-CCFB600, respectively. From the adsorption performance test, it was found that the adsorption capacity of Zn/Al LDH-CCFB500 that was agitated for 4 h at pH 7 was higher compared with other samples, demonstrating an adsorption capacity of up to 106.95 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of all of the Zn/Al LDH-CCFB had improved, compared to pristine Zn/Al LDH-0. Thus, it is concluded that Zn/Al LDH-CCFB possesses a great potential for the adsorbent in the removal of pollutants, especially the hazardous heavy metal ions.
Organic loads reduction efficiency using natural fiber reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule for wastewater treatment
Authors: Dollah Zuraisah , Roslan Nurul Ain Sofiya , Alias Salina , Akbar Nor Azliza
Published: July 2023

Organic load such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) increases in the water because of the increase in human growth and industrialisation. The initial goal of the study, to characterise the natural fibre reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule using Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Second, analyse organic load reduction utilising natural fiber reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule. The experiment was conducted with five Schott bottles with a 1.7 liter working volume as a photobioreactors. The system was operated with three tubes fabricated with different functions. The first tube was connected to the adjustable air pump oxygen aerator to supply oxygen into the photobioreactor system. The photobioreactor’s second tube is designed to flow out gasses. The last tube is the sampling tube function to withdraw the samples for the efficacy of treatment performance. The photobioreactor will continuously be illuminated with cool-white fluorescent light (Philip TL-D 36W/865, light intensity of 60–70 μmol m-2 s-1). This study employs COD to test microalgae’s organic load reduction. From day 1 to 5, COD value shows a pattern of reduction from 352 mg/L for day 1 and 223 mg/L for day 5, respectively. The analysis reveals that the p-OPEFB (Polymeric Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) macrocapsule has a surface structure with a rough surface before and after treatment. Optical density measures microalgae growth. BBM’s (Bold Basal Medium) increasing absorbance value allows microalgae to develop optimally. Natural fibre reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule shows potential for wastewater treatment.
Omics-based deep learning approaches for lung cancer decision-making and therapeutics development
Authors: Tran Thi-Oanh , Vo Thanh Hoa , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer has been the most common and the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. Besides clinicopathological observations and traditional molecular tests, the advent of robust and scalable techniques for nucleic acid analysis has revolutionized biological research and medicinal practice in lung cancer treatment. In response to the demands for minimally invasive procedures and technology development over the past decade, many types of multi-omics data at various genome levels have been generated. As omics data grow, artificial intelligence models, particularly deep learning, are prominent in developing more rapid and effective methods to potentially improve lung cancer patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment strategy. This decade has seen genome-based deep learning models thriving in various lung cancer tasks, including cancer prediction, subtype classification, prognosis estimation, cancer molecular signatures identification, treatment response prediction and biomarker development. In this study, we summarized available data sources for deep-learning-based lung cancer mining and provided an update on recent deep learning models in lung cancer genomics. Subsequently, we reviewed the current issues and discussed future research directions of deep-learning-based lung cancer genomics research.
Kinesin and myosin motors compete to drive rich multiphase dynamics in programmable cytoskeletal composites
Authors: McGorty Ryan J , Currie Christopher J , Michel Jonathan , Sasanpour Mehrzad , Gunter Christopher , Lindsay K Alice , Rust Michael J , Katira Parag , Das Moumita , Ross Jennifer L , Robertson-Anderson Rae M
Published: July 2023

The cellular cytoskeleton relies on diverse populations of motors, filaments, and binding proteins acting in concert to enable nonequilibrium processes ranging from mitosis to chemotaxis. The cytoskeleton's versatile reconfigurability, programmed by interactions between its constituents, makes it a foundational active matter platform. However, current active matter endeavors are limited largely to single force-generating components acting on a single substrate—far from the composite cytoskeleton in cells. Here, we engineer actin–microtubule (MT) composites, driven by kinesin and myosin motors and tuned by crosslinkers, to ballistically restructure and flow with speeds that span three orders of magnitude depending on the composite formulation and time relative to the onset of motor activity. Differential dynamic microscopy analyses reveal that kinesin and myosin compete to delay the onset of acceleration and suppress discrete restructuring events, while passive crosslinking of either actin or MTs has an opposite effect. Our minimal advection–diffusion model and spatial correlation analyses correlate these dynamics to structure, with motor antagonism suppressing reconfiguration and demixing, while crosslinking enhances clustering. Despite the rich formulation space and emergent formulation-dependent structures, the nonequilibrium dynamics across all composites and timescales can be organized into three classes—slow isotropic reorientation, fast directional flow, and multimode restructuring. Moreover, our mathematical model demonstrates that diverse structural motifs can arise simply from the interplay between motor-driven advection and frictional drag. These general features of our platform facilitate applicability to other active matter systems and shed light on diverse ways that cytoskeletal components can cooperate or compete to enable wide-ranging cellular processes.
Kinematic markers of skill in first-person shooter video games
Authors: Warburton Matthew , Campagnoli Carlo , Mon-Williams Mark , Mushtaq Faisal , Morehead J Ryan
Published: July 2023

Video games present a unique opportunity to study motor skill. First-person shooter (FPS) games have particular utility because they require visually guided hand movements that are similar to widely studied planar reaching tasks. However, there is a need to ensure the tasks are equivalent if FPS games are to yield their potential as a powerful scientific tool for investigating sensorimotor control. Specifically, research is needed to ensure that differences in visual feedback of a movement do not affect motor learning between the two contexts. In traditional tasks, a movement will translate a cursor across a static background, whereas FPS games use movements to pan and tilt the view of the environment. To this end, we designed an online experiment where participants used their mouse or trackpad to shoot targets in both visual contexts. Kinematic analysis showed player movements were nearly identical between contexts, with highly correlated spatial and temporal metrics. This similarity suggests a shared internal model based on comparing predicted and observed displacement vectors rather than primary sensory feedback. A second experiment, modeled on FPS-style aim-trainer games, found movements exhibited classic invariant features described within the sensorimotor literature. We found the spatial metrics tested were significant predictors of overall task performance. More broadly, these results show that FPS games offer a novel, engaging, and compelling environment to study sensorimotor skill, providing the same precise kinematic metrics as traditional planar reaching tasks.
Multimodal Deep Learning Classifier for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Diagnosis Using Wide-Field Optic Nerve Head Cube Scans in Eyes With and Without High Myopia
Authors: Bowd Christopher , Belghith Akram , Rezapour Jasmin , Christopher Mark , Jonas Jost B. , Hyman Leslie , Fazio Massimo A. , Weinreb Robert N. , Zangwill Linda M.
Published: July 2023

Précis:

An optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal deep learning (DL) classification model, including texture information, is introduced that outperforms single-modal models and multimodal models without texture information for glaucoma diagnosis in eyes with and without high myopia.

Background/Aims:

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a multimodal DL classifier using wide OCT optic nerve head cube scans in eyes with and without axial high myopia.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred seventy-one primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and 86 healthy eyes, all without axial high myopia [axial length (AL) ≤ 26 mm] and 92 POAG eyes and 44 healthy eyes, all with axial high myopia (AL > 26 mm) were included. The multimodal DL classifier combined features of 3 individual VGG-16 models: (1) texture-based en face image, (2) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map image, and (3) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) image. Age, AL, and disc area adjusted area under the receiver operating curves were used to compare model accuracy.

Results:

Adjusted area under the receiver operating curve for the multimodal DL model was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.87, 0.95). This value was significantly higher than the values of individual models [0.83 (0.79, 0.86) for texture-based en face image; 0.84 (0.81, 0.87) for RNFL thickness map; and 0.68 (0.61, 0.74) for cSLO image; all P ≤ 0.05]. Using only highly myopic eyes, the multimodal DL model showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy [0.89 (0.86, 0.92)] compared with texture en face image [0.83 (0.78, 0.85)], RNFL [0.85 (0.81, 0.86)] and cSLO image models [0.69 (0.63, 0.76)] (all P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:

Combining OCT-based RNFL thickness maps with texture-based en face images showed a better ability to discriminate between healthy and POAG than thickness maps alone, particularly in high axial myopic eyes.
Expanding Our Knowledge of Molecular Pathogenesis in Histiocytoses
Authors: Crowley Helena M. , Georgantzoglou Natalia , Tse Julie Y. , Williams Erik A. , Mata Douglas A. , Martin Stuart S. , Guitart Joan , Bridge Julia A. , Linos Konstantinos
Published: July 2023

The histiocytoses comprise a histopathologically and clinically diverse group of disorders bearing recurrent genomic alterations, commonly involving the BRAF gene and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the current study, a novel CLTC::SYK fusion in 3 cases of a histopathologically distinct histiocytic neoplasm arising as solitary soft tissue lesions in children identified by next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization is described. Morphologically, all 3 neoplasms were composed of sheets of cells with round-oval nuclei and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm but, in contrast to classic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), Touton giant cells were absent. A separate cohort of classic JXG cases subsequently profiled by fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative for the presence of a CLTC::SYK fusion suggesting that CLTC::SYK fusion-positive histiocytoma is genetically and histologically distinct from JXG. We postulate that the CLTC::SYK fusion leads to aberrant activation of the SYK kinase, which is involved in variable pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase. The identification of a novel CLTC::SYK fusion may pave the way for the development of targeted therapeutic options for aggressive disease.