bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4,6,6‐Trimethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Jansone D. , Fleisher M. , Andreeva G. , Leite L. , Lukevics E.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Approach to Synthesis of 1′,4′‐Dihydro‐2,3′‐biquinolines
Authors: Trifonov V. V. , Aksenova I. V. , Goncharov V. I. , Aksenov A. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of an Imidazo‐phenanthridine Synthon Produced in a “Five‐Step One‐Pot Reaction” Leading to a New Family of Heterocycles with Novel Physical Properties.
Authors: Parenty Alexis D. C. , Guthrie Kevin M. , Song Yu‐Fei , Smith Louise V. , Burkholder Eric , Cronin Leroy
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Method for N‐Alkylation of a Pyridone Ring.
Authors: Elizbarashvili E. N. , Lagvilava I. V. , Samsoniya Sh. A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In vitro and in vivo Antimalarial Activity of Derivatives of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Framework.
Authors: Yapi Ange‐Desire , Valentin Alexis , Chezal Jean‐Michel , Chavignon Olivier , Chaillot Bernard , Gerhardt Roseline , Teulade Jean‐Claude , Blache Yves
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ground State Oxygen in Synthesis of Cyclic Peroxides. Part 1. Benzo Fused Ketals.
Authors: Kim Junwon , Li Hong Bin , Rosenthal Andrew S. , Sang Dongpei , Shapiro Theresa A. , Bachi Mario D. , Posner Gary H.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Addition of Grignard Reagents to 2,6‐Dicyanoanilines and Cyclization to New Quinazoline Derivatives under Thermal/Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Maitraie D. , Yakaiah T. , Srinivas K. , Reddy G. Venkat , Ravikanth S. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan , Ravikumar K. , Sridhar B.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Spiroheterocycles. Part 1. Installation of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Nucleic into Spiro Compounds Derived from Cycohexanone and Diphenyl Thiobarbituric Acid.
Authors: Behera R. K. , Behera A. K. , Pradhan Rosy , Patra M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Promoted Functional Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Wu Yan‐Chao , Chen Yong‐Jun , Li Hui‐Jing , Zou Xiao‐Mao , Hu Fang‐Zhong , Yang Hua‐Zheng
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Retro‐[1,4] Brook Rearrangement and Its Stereochemical Course at Silicon.
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Nakai Takeshi , Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of 9‐Diazofluorenes and Diphenyldiazomethane to 2‐Acyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐diazaphospholes.
Authors: Guo Xiangyun , Feng Li , Wang Quanrui , Li Zhiming , Tao Fenggang
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
GaCl3‐Assisted [2 + 3] Cycloaddition: A Route to Tetrazaphospholes.
Authors: Villinger Alexander , Mayer Peter , Schulz Axel
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐tert‐Butyl‐N‐chlorocyanamide: A Mild and Efficient Chlorinating Agent for the Synthesis of Dialkyl/Diaryl Chlorophosphates.
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaushik Mahabir Parshad
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Phosphination of Organic Halides and Alkyl Imidazole‐1‐carbothioates.
Authors: Sato Akinori , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Electrophilic Fluorination of β‐Keto Phosphonates in Ionic Liquid Media Catalyzed by Chiral Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Kang Young Ku , Lee Kil Sung , Mang Joo Yang , Kim Dae Young
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ceanothane‐ and Lupane‐Type Triterpenes with Antiplasmodial and Antimycobacterial Activities from Ziziphus cambodiana.
Authors: Suksamrarn Sunit , Panseeta Panomwan , Kunchanawatta Soykam , Distaporn Thanomsin , Ruktasing Saovaluk , Suksamrarn Apichart
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical and Biological Evaluation on Scopadulane‐Type Diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese Origin.
Authors: Giang Phan Minh , Son Phan Tong , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Abietane Diterpenoids from the Barks of Cryptomeria japonica.
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuko , Suzuki Kentaro , Umeyama Akemi , Arihara Shigenobu
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iridoids and Sesquiterpenoids with NGF‐Potentiating Activity from the Rhizomes and Roots of Valeriana fauriei.
Authors: Guo Yuanqiang , Xu Jing , Li Yushan , Watanabe Ryuichi , Oshima Yasukatsu , Yamakuni Tohru , Ohizumi Yasushi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Identification of Potent Phenyl Imidazoles as Opioid Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Breslin Henry J. , Cai Chaozhong , Miskowski Tamara A. , Coutinho Santosh V. , Zhang Sui‐Po , Hornby Pamela , He Wei
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General and Facile Synthetic Approach to Nα‐Boc Ureidoalanine Derivatives.
Authors: Teng Hanbing , He Yunjiao , Wu Lamei , Su Jiangtao , Feng Xichun , Qiu Guofu , Liang Shucai , Hu Xianming
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Preparation of N‐Alkyl Dipeptide Analogues via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Halo Acyl Amino Esters.
Authors: Shin Eun‐kyoung , Chang Ji‐yeon , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Yongtae , Park Yong Sun
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Diarylheptanoids from Amomum muricarpum Elmer.
Authors: Giang Phan Minh , Son Phan Tong , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Stilbenoids from Pholidota yunnanensis and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production.
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Yu , Wang Jue , Wang Nai‐Li , Kitanaka Susumu , Liu Hong‐Wei , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromones from the Branches of Harrisonia perforata.
Authors: Tuntiwachwuttikul Pittaya , Phansa Photchana , Pootaeng‐On Yupa , Taylor Walter Charles
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nine Constituents Including Six Xanthone‐Related Compounds Isolated from Two Ascomycetes, Gelasinospora santi‐florii and Emericella quadrilineata, Found in a Screening Study Focused on Immunomodulatory Activity.
Authors: Fujimoto Haruhiro , Asai Takeshi , Kim Yong‐Pil , Ishibashi Masami
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prenylated Xanthone Derivatives with Antiplasmodial Activity from Allanblackia monticola Staner L.C.
Authors: Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise , Meyer Michele , Valentin Alexis , Nguemfo Edwige Laure , Fomum Zacharias Tanee , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Shape Control of Semiconductor and Metal Oxide Nanocrystals Through Nonhydrolytic Colloidal Routes
Authors: Jun Young‐wook , Choi Jin‐sil , Cheon Jinwoo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Some Effects of Solidification Kinetics on Microstructure Formation in Aluminum‐Base Alloys
Authors: Jones H.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Coordination Polymers with Cyanoaurate Building Blocks: Potential New Industrial Applications for Gold
Authors: Leznoff Daniel B. , Lefebvre Julie
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macrocycles and Complex Three‐Dimensional Structures Comprising Pt(II) Building Blocks
Authors: Kaiser Achim , Baeuerle Peter
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Beyond TPPTS: New Approaches to the Development of Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Aqueous‐Phase Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Shaughnessy Kevin H.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of the Commercial Process for Zoloft/Sertraline
Authors: Quallich George J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitro Compounds as Useful Reagents for the Synthesis of Dicarbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Barboni Luciano , Fiorini Dennis , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vinyl Fluorides in Cycloadditions
Authors: Haufe Guenter
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation Chemistry
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Hu Jinbo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Hydrogenations with Chiral Titanocenes
Authors: Vassylyev Oleksiy , Panarello Anthony , Khinast Johannes G.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Combinatorial Chemistry: The Potential Approach for Acceleration of Drug Discovery
Authors: Rajak H. , Mishra P.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroformylation Catalyzed by Rhodium/Fluorinated Triarylphosphite Complexes in Fluorous Biphasic Media
Authors: Monflier Eric , Mortreux Andre , Castanet Yves
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants and Fungi
Authors: Houghton Peter J. , Ren Yuhao , Howes Melanie‐Jayne
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Nature and Role of Pigments of Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Bandaranayake Wickramasinghe M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spongian Diterpenoids from Marine Sponges
Authors: Keyzers Robert A. , Northcote Peter T. , Davies‐Coleman Michael T.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Base Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions Involving Hypervalent Silicate Intermediates
Authors: Orito Yuya , Nakajima Makoto
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diazirines: Carbene Precursors Par Excellence
Authors: Moss Robert A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HIV‐1 Intergrase Inhibitors: 2003—2004 Update
Authors: Dayam Raveendra , Deng Jinxia , Neamati Nouri
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dihydroazines Based on Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Chebanov V. A. , Desenko S. M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Waves
Authors: Biosa Grazia , Bastianoni Simone , Rustici Mauro
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron, Cobalt and Nickel
Authors: Cotton S. A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanotechnologies in Proteomics
Authors: Ivanov Yuri D. , Govorun Vadim M. , Bykov Victor A. , Archakov Alexander I.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Man, Machine and Visual Imagery in Strategic Synthesis Planning — Computer‐Perceived Precursors for Drug Candidates
Authors: Hanessian Stephen
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) improves response rates but not survival and has lower hematologic toxicity compared with combined mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisone (MCP) in follicular and mantle cell lymphomas
Authors: Nickenig Christina , Dreyling Martin , Hoster Eva , Pfreundschuh Michael , Trumper Lorenz , Reiser Marcel , Wandt Hannes , Lengfelder Eva , Unterhalt Michael , Hiddemann Wolfgang
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND.

In patients with advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), conventional chemotherapy remains a noncurative approach, and no major improvement in overall survival has been achieved in recent decades.

METHODS.

The German Low‐Grade Lymphoma Study Group performed a randomized trial comparing combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy with combined mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisone (MCP) chemotherapy as first‐line therapy for patients with advanced‐stage FL or MCL.

RESULTS.

Three hundred sixty‐three patients with advanced‐stage FL (n = 277 patients) or MCL (n = 86 patients) entered the trial and were evaluable fully. CHOP resulted in a significantly higher overall response rate in patients with FL (91% vs. 82%; P = .026) and a similar tendency in patients with MCL (87% vs. 73%; P = .080). However, no significant differences were observed in the time to treatment failure or in overall survival. CHOP produced significantly more nonhematologic toxicities, whereas MCP was associated with more severe hematologic side effects. The proportion of patients who successfully underwent peripheral blood stem cell collection was significantly lower after MCP (44% vs. 93% after CHOP; P = .0003).

CONCLUSIONS.

Taking into account that, currently, chemotherapy regularly is combined with rituximab as first‐line therapy for FL and MCL, the data from this study may have an impact on the type of chemotherapy to be applied in such combinations. Particularly in younger, high‐risk patients who are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation, CHOP should be preferred over MCP. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Achieving durable glucose control in the intensive care unit without hypoglycaemia : a new practical IV insulin protocol
Authors: Balkin Michael , Mascioli Charles , Smith Virginia , Alnachawati Hicham , Mehrishi Sandeep , Saydain Ghulam , Slone Helen , Alessandrini Joseph , Brown Lawrence
Published: July 2006

Background

Hyperglycaemia occurs in a substantial portion of critically ill patients in our intensive care units. Near normalization of elevated blood glucose levels with IV insulin may improve outcome. However, currently published IV insulin protocol are not ideal; most are relatively complex and often result in hypoglycaemia. We designed a protocol that would be practical to use while incorporating the necessary complexities required to achieve good glucose control, coupled with a low incidence hypoglycaemia.

Methods

The essential part of the protocol is a matrix specifying the amount by which an insulin flow rate is to be changed. The intersection of the current and the previous blood glucose values on the matrix locates the appropriate cell containing the required change in insulin flow rate. No additional calculations or tables are required.

Results

The initial glucose level obtained by blood glucose meter (BGM) averaged 253.5 ± 95.6 mg/dL and fell below 140 within 9.3 h on the protocol. The average BGM on the protocol was 133.5 ± 43.9 mg/dL. Only 0.09% of all glucose values were <40 mg/dL and insulin had to be held only 2.2% of the time on the protocol. Physician input was not required and nursing accuracy in applying the protocol was greater than 94%. This protocol has been adopted as the default IV insulin protocol for the NorthShore‐LIJ Health System and several other medical centers.

Conclusion

A practical IV insulin protocol that has been extensively tested is presented. The protocol has been implemented at multiple institutions indicating its ease of use and excellent results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Template Effect of Palladium(II): Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of 2,4‐Substituted 1,3,5‐Triazapentadienatopalladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Guo Jian‐Ping , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: July 2006

The reaction of LiN(SiMe3)2 with two equivalents of 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐cyanopyridine followed by the addition of half an equivalent of [PdCl2(PhCN)2] gives neutral 1,3,5‐triazapentadienato complexes of the general formula [Pd{HNC(Py)NC(Py)NH}2] (Py = 2‐pyridyl 1, 3‐pyridyl 2, 4‐pyridyl 3). When the above reaction was carried out with benzonitrile and then 3‐ or 4‐cyanopyridine was added followed by half an equivalent of [PdCl2(PhCN)2] neutral unsymmetrical 1,3,5‐triazapentadienato complexes of the general formula [Pd{HNC(Ph)NC(Py)NH}2] (Py = 3‐pyridyl 4, 4‐pyridyl 5) were obtained. When LiN(SiMe3)2 was treated with one equivalent of benzonitrile in THF, followed by the addition of a quarter of an equivalent of anhydrous palladium chloride and workup in air, the trinuclear complex tetrakis(benzamidinato)bis(2,4‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienato)tripalladium(II) (6) was obtained as yellow crystals in 19 % yield. All complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The solid‐state structures of compounds 2, 3, and 6 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Structural analyses revealed that the 2,4‐bis(pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienyl ligands in 2 and 3 behave as didentate ligands to form six‐membered rings with the metal ion. For 6, the 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienyl ligands also behave as didentate ligands to form six‐membered rings with the metal ion, whereas the amidinato ligands behave as bridging didentate ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Uranyl Complexes with 1,1‐Cyclobutanedicarboxylic and (1R,3S)‐(+)‐Camphoric Acids – Novel Chiral Uranyl‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Thuéry Pierre
Published: July 2006

Reaction of the 1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylic (H2L1) or (1R,3S)‐(+)‐camphoric (H2L2) acids with uranyl nitrate under solvothermal conditions gives novel uranyl‐organic assemblages. The complex [Hpy]2[UO2L1(NO3)]2 (1), obtained in pyridine, is a dimeric, dinuclear species in which the closeness of the two carboxylate groups prevents the formation of a more extended architecture. The chiral complexes [UO2L2(py)2]·py (2) and [UO2L2MeOH]·MeOH (3), obtained with the enantiopure, divergent camphorate ligand in either pyridine (2) or methanol/water (3), are comprised of zigzag chains defining channels and a microporous assemblage or of undulated sheets based on tessellated 8‐ and 32‐membered rings, respectively. Apart from a zinc(II) complex previously described, compounds 2 and 3 are the only examples of metal complexes with camphoric acid crystallographically characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Star‐Shaped Molecules Containing Polyalkynyl Groups with Metal Moieties on Benzene and Triphenylene Cores
Authors: Huang Chiung‐Cheng , Lin Ying‐Chih , Lin Ping‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Ju
Published: July 2006

A series of star‐shaped molecules with a silyl group and an aromatic core surrounded by extended π conjugative arms has been synthesized by the use of Sonogashira coupling methods. They show excellent fluorescence intensity with high quantum yield. These molecules undergo desilylation in the presence of nBu4NF to give terminal polyalkynyl compounds. By incorporating metal moieties such as palladium, platinum and gold into these compounds, star‐shaped molecules can be obtained. Photophysical properties of these molecules are investigated spectroscopically in solution. These star‐shaped molecules are characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 31P and 13C) spectroscopy, as well as MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New supported liquid membrane‐capillary electrophoresis in‐line arrangement for direct selective analysis of complex samples
Authors: Nozal Leonor , Arce Lourdes , Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Ángel , Valcárcel Miguel
Published: July 2006

An in‐line coupling of a micro‐membrane extraction unit, based on supported liquid membrane, with commercially available capillary electrophoresis equipment is described. A main characteristic of this micro‐membrane device, made from a simple Eppendorf tube, is that it permits the application of voltage in the acceptor solution to be applied during the extraction process. This has been shown as an alternative to enhance sensitivity, as the analytical signal achieved by applying 10 kV for 20 min was similar to that obtained without the application of voltage and with extraction time of 60 min. In addition, the design has been made permitting both in‐line hydrodynamic and electrokinetic sample introduction into the electrophoretic capillary. The analytical potential of the proposed system has been demonstrated by the direct determination of nitroimidazoles from pig liver tissue. The high efficiency of the proposed system allowed the extraction and the determination of the analytes to be performed from a simple tissue homogenate obtained in water. The precision of the analysis of spiked samples, expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, was better than 4.8%.
Multinodular focal fatty infiltration of the liver: Atypical imaging findings on delayed T1‐weighted Gd‐BOPTA‐enhanced liver‐specific MR images
Authors: Marin Daniele , Iannaccone Riccardo , Catalano Carlo , Passariello Roberto
Published: July 2006

We report a case of pathologically confirmed multinodular focal fatty infiltration. MRI was performed after bolus injection of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐BOPTA, MultiHance®; Bracco, Milan, Italy), a liver‐specific paramagnetic, gadolinium (Gd)‐based MR contrast agent that concomitantly enables the acquisition of a standard dynamic phase with timing strategies similar to those used for other extracellular fluid contrast agents, followed by a delayed T1‐weighted liver‐specific phase (the so‐called hepatobiliary phase). In the present case, multiple rounded areas of fatty infiltration, although confidently diagnosed using chemical shift sequences due to a significant signal intensity reduction on out‐of‐phase images, were unexpectedly hypointense during the delayed liver‐specific phase of Gd‐BOPTA. Reduced Gd‐BOPTA concentration during the liver‐specific phase is generally correlated with liver malignancy. Since such lesions can be prospectively mistaken for metastatic disease, we performed a hepatic biopsy to establish a definitive diagnosis. Our empirical observations suggest that Gd‐BOPTA uptake may be impaired in fatty infiltrated liver tissue. Because at present there is no report evaluating the kinetics of Gd‐BOPTA in fatty liver, further studies are needed to specifically investigate this issue. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic vessel wall contour detection and quantification of wall thickness in in‐vivo MR images of the human aorta
Authors: Adame Isabel M. , van der Geest Rob J. , Bluemke David A. , Lima João A.C. , Reiber Johan H.C. , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P.F.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To develop an automated technique to trace the contours of the lumen and outer boundary of the aortic wall, and measure aortic wall thickness in axial MR images.

Materials and Methods

The algorithm uses prior knowledge of vessel wall morphology. A geometrical model (ellipse) is deformed, translated and rotated to obtain a rough approximation of the contours. Model‐matching is based on image gradient measurements. To enhance edges, the images were preprocessed using gray‐level stretching. Refinement is performed by means of dynamic programming. Wall thickness is computed by measuring the distance between inner and outer contour of the aortic wall.

Results

The algorithm has been tested on high‐resolution axial MR images from 28 human subjects of the descending thoracic aorta. The results demonstrate: High correspondence between automatic and manual area measurements: lumen (r = 0.99), outer (r = 0.96), and wall thickness (r = 0.85).

Conclusion

Though further optimization is required, our algorithm is a powerful tool to automatically draw the boundaries of the aortic wall and measure aortic wall thickness in aortic wall devoid of major lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved aortic stiffness assessment in the elderly using a one‐dimensional fluid displacement MR method
Authors: Kraft Kenneth A. , Fei Ding‐Yu , Shao Xianzhi , Chang Yung‐Yeh , Arena Ross
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To assess the in vitro accuracy of two rapid projective MR wave velocity measurement sequences, and their relative performance for assessing aortic stiffness in adults of all ages.

Materials and Methods

In vitro testing was performed using latex tube phantoms with precisely‐known flow wave velocities, both in the presence and absence of simulated static tissue. A total of 104 adults representing a large age range (21–83 years) underwent aortic wave velocity (AWV) measurements using multiple trials of each method in a single MR session. The relative agreement between the two AWV results in each tertile of subject age and the coefficient of variation of the AWV data were assessed.

Results

In vitro wave velocities did not differ significantly from the known values for either MR method, with or without simulated static tissue. In vivo, the mean AWVs for the young and middle‐aged cohorts did not differ significantly between the two MR methods. However, in the elderly group, the two methods did not agree, and one sequence was found to be superior in this age cohort.

Conclusion

In elderly individuals, a one‐dimensional MR method for evaluating aortic stiffness based on aortic blood displacement yields a smaller coefficient of variation and superior overall performance than a similar method based on aortic blood velocity. The two methods perform equivalently in young and middle‐aged subjects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
USPIO‐enhanced MR imaging for visualization of synovial hyperperfusion and detection of synovial macrophages: Preliminary results in an experimental model of antigen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Lutz Amelie M. , Göpfert Kerstin , Jochum Wolfram , Nanz Daniel , Fröhlich Johannes M. , Weishaupt Dominik
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To evaluate whether ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron particles (USPIO)‐enhanced MRI is capable of assessing both synovial perfusion characteristics and the presence of synovial macrophages in a model of antigen‐induced arthritis.

Materials and Methods

Unilateral arthritis was induced in six knees of six rabbits. The contralateral knees of the rabbits served as control knees. After onset of arthritis, all 12 knees were scanned prior to and immediately following intravenous administration of USPIO using a multiphase T1‐weighted (T1w) fast gradient‐echo (FGRE) sequence, and T1w spin‐echo (SE), T2‐weighted (T2w) FSE, T2*w GRE, and short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences prior to and 24 hours following USPIO administration. SI‐vs.‐time curves (STCs) and the early enhancement rate during the first 56 seconds (REE56) were calculated from SI measurements within the synovial tissue of all knees on dynamic T1w images. MR findings were correlated to histopathology.

Results

REE56 was significantly higher in the synovial tissue of arthritic knees than in the control knees (P < 0.01). Significant T1‐, T2‐, and T2* effects (P = 0.03–0.04) and multiple synovial vessels were visually detectable within the arthritic synovial tissue 24 hours after administration of USPIO, whereas no signal changes or synovial vessels were seen in the control knees. Histopathology revealed widened synovial blood vessels in the arthritic knees, and confirmed iron uptake by macrophages in the arthritic knees.

Conclusion

USPIO‐enhanced MRI is capable of both assessing synovial hyperperfusion and detecting macrophages in antigen‐induced arthritis in rabbits. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propagated insertional activity: A model of positive sharp wave generation
Authors: Dumitru Daniel , Martinez Carlos T. J.
Published: July 2006

In this study we utilized a dual monopolar needle recording technique to assess propagated electromyographic insertional activity from the same single muscle fiber in order to characterize different categories of insertional activity. A total of six combinations of insertional activity were identified. Only two fundamental types of single muscle‐fiber insertional discharge configurations were generated: biphasic initially‐negative and monophasic positive. The propagated waveforms corresponding to these two insertional discharges were primarily triphasic initially‐positive and, only rarely, monophasic positive. The monophasic positive insertional activity generated at the inserting electrode site is postulated to arise from a depolarization zone adjacent to a needle‐induced peri‐electrode membrane crush. The monophasic positive discharge was utilized as a model for positive sharp wave generation. It is postulated that the majority of positive sharp waves are initiated at the inserting electrode adjacent to a needle‐induced zone of muscle membrane crush in contrast to the previous supposition that positive sharp waves are blocked fibrillation potentials. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Sonographic diagnosis of SEDC and double heterozygote of SEDC and achondroplasia—a report of six pregnancies
Authors: Chitty Lyn S. , Tan Aileen W. C. , Nesbit Debbie L. , Hall Christine M. , Rodeck Charles H.
Published: July 2006

Objective

To define the sonographic features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) and the double heterozygote for SEDC and achondroplasia.

Methods

A retrospective review of 6 pregnancies in one family where one parent has achondroplasia and the other SEDC.

Results

There were 4 double heterozygote pregnancies and 2 where the fetus had SEDC. Shortening of long bones was evident in both conditions from around 16 weeks gestation. Other findings such as an increased nuchal translucency were more variable.

Conclusions

Molecular analysis of the FGFR3 and COL2AI gene once mutations are known in a family such as reported here can inform prenatal diagnosis and help to distinguish between the double heterozygote and a fetus which has inherited a single mutation. The data presented here on the growth of the long bones and other sonographic features associated with SEDC may aid prenatal diagnosis in cases where the mutation is not known. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface tearing and wall slip phenomena in extrusion of highly filled HDPE/wood flour composites
Authors: Hristov Velichko , Takács Elizabeth , Vlachopoulos John
Published: July 2006

The extrudate surface tearing of highly filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood flour composites has been investigated in relation to the rheological properties and the wall slip phenomenon in capillary dies. Rotational and capillary rheometers were employed to measure the rheological properties. Mooney analysis was used for determination of wall slip velocity. The results showed considerable increase of storage modulus, dynamic and shear viscosity with increasing wood flour loading. It was also found that all wood filled composites did not obey the Cox–Merz rule. The wall slip velocity depends on wood filler content and shear rate. Generally, with increasing shear rate the slip velocity sharply increases leading to plug‐like flow. It was observed that the surface of the extrudates becomes smoother with increase in shear rate and wood flour content. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1204–1214, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anisotropy in the electrical behavior of immiscible polypropylene/nylon/carbon black blends processed slightly below the melting temperature of the nylon
Authors: Zoldan J. , Siegmann A. , Narkis M.
Published: July 2006

Carbon black (CB) containing polypropylene/nylon (PP/Ny) blends, processed slightly below the melting temperature (Tm) of the dispersed Ny phase, leads to formation of fibrillar Ny phase and electrically anisotropic systems. CB containing PP/Ny blends were compounded (twin screw extruder) and processed (injection molding) slightly below the Tm of dispersed Ny phase at different blending sequences. To establish structure–property relationships scanning electron microscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter were used and electrical properties were also studied. Addition of CB to binary PP/Ny blends, processed below the Ny Tm, altered the Ny fibrillation process forming an irregular continuous phase, containing the CB particles, rather than the fibrils formed in the PP/Ny blends. Yet, upon changing the processing sequence, i.e., compounding PP and CB and then adding Ny in the injection molding stage, Ny fibrils were attained, maintaining phase continuity, oriented in the flow direction and CB particles preferentially located on their surfaces. Blends exhibiting a fibrillar Ny network covered by CB particles exhibited electrical anisotropy. The Ny fibrils exhibited an additional higher crystalline melting peak and molecular orientation. The composites are conductive in the Ny fibril direction, while insulating in the perpendicular direction. Once the CB is located within both, the Ny and the PP matrix the electrical behavior is isotropic. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1250–1262, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Curing behavior and structure of an epoxy/clay nanocomposite system
Authors: Seo Kang Sick , Kim Dae Su
Published: July 2006

The curing behavior of an epoxy/clay nanocomposite system composed of a bifunctional epoxy resin with an aromatic amine curing agent and an organically modified clay was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the curing behavior of the epoxy/clay nanocomposite system. The curing rate of the nanocomposite system increased with increasing clay content. A kinetic equation, considering an autocatalytic reaction mechanism, could describe fairly well the curing behavior of the epoxy/clay nanocomposite system. The reaction kinetic parameters of the kinetic equation were determined by fitting DSC conversion data to the kinetic equation, using a nonlinear numerical method. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to investigate the thermomechanical properties of the epoxy/clay nanocomposite system. The glass transition temperature of the epoxy/clay nanocomposite system increased slightly with increasing clay content. The structure of the nanocomposite system was characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscope imaging. The formation of intercalated structures was observed dominantly in the epoxy/clay nanocomposites, together with some exfoliated structures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1318–1325, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Alternating copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide with highly efficient and selective (salen)Co(III) catalysts: Effect of ligand and cocatalyst variation
Authors: Cohen Claire T. , Coates Geoffrey W.
Published: July 2006

Synthetic routes to a series of new (salen)CoX (salen = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoalkane; X = Br or pentafluorobenzoate (OBzF5)) species are described. Several of these complexes are active for the copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and CO2, yielding regioregular poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) without the generation of propylene carbonate byproduct. Variation of the salen ligand, as well as the inclusion of organic‐based ionic or Lewis basic cocatalysts, has dramatic effects on the resultant (salen) CoX catalytic activity. Highly active (R,R)‐(salen‐1)CoOBzF5 (salen‐1 = N,N′‐bis(3,5‐ di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) catalysts with [Ph4P]Cl or [PPN]Y ([PPN] = bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium; Y = Cl or OBzF5) cocatalysts exhibited turnover frequencies up to 720 h−1 for rac‐PO/CO2 copolymerization, yielding PPC with greater than 90% head‐to‐tail connectivity. Additionally, the (R,R)‐(salen‐1)CoOBzF5/[PPN]Cl catalyst system demonstrated a krel of 9.7 for the enchainment of (S)‐ over (R)‐PO when the copolymerization was carried out at low temperatures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5182–5191, 2006
Synergetic activation of carbon dioxide molecule using phenylazomethine dendrimers as a catalyst
Authors: Imaoka Takane , Tanaka Reiko , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: July 2006

Phenylazomethine dendrimers bearing a cobalt porphyrin core act as catalysts for CO2 reduction in the presence of a strong Lewis acid such as lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonate (Ln(OTf)3). We investigated the catalytic activity using electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry) on a glassy carbon electrode in a DMF solution. Dissolving CO2 gas into the solution, the cyclic voltammograms displayed an irreversible increase of the cathodic current. This result suggests the catalytic reduction of CO2. The redox potential (–1.3 V versus Fc/Fc+) at which the catalytic behavior was observed is 1.1 V higher than that catalyzed by cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP). The generation number (n) dependence of the dendrimer catalysts showed the maximum activity at n = 3. A significant decrease of the activity for the largest dendrimer (n = 4) indicates a steric effect, which prevents transmission of the substrate (CO2 molecule) and electrons to the catalytic center (cobalt porphyrin core). For more efficient catalysis, a novel open‐shell dendrimer having a pocket on one side of the molecule was designed and synthesized. Because the accessibility to the core in the opened shell improved, this dendrimer exhibited the highest catalytic activity. These results suggest that tuning of the local domain around the cobalt porphyrin center would lead to a decisive solution for further activation of the CO2 molecule. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5229–5236, 2006
Effect of Zn doping in Bi(Pb)‐2212 superconducting ceramics
Authors: Bouaïcha F. , Mosbah M.‐F. , Amira A. , Ait‐Kaki A. , Boussouf N.
Published: July 2006

The subject of substitution in the high‐Tc superconductors has received a great deal of interest. Substitution of bismuth by lead stabilizes and purifies the superconducting phase in Bi2223 and enhances Tc in Bi2212 [1–5]. The substitution of Cu by magnetic or non magnetic element such as Fe, Ni, Co or Zn degrades significantly Tc [6, 7]. The substitution by Zn is difficult because the amount that can be dissolved is limited. Samples of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2‐yZnyO8+d (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.06) were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The samples have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AC susceptibility versus temperature measurements. Structural analysis shows that the obtained crystalline structure is mainly tetragonal with a c‐axis lattice parameter decreasing with Zn content. AC susceptibility measurements show that the Zn doping decreases the superconducting volume fraction in the samples. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deficiency effects upon the physical properties of Pr0.8Sr0.2MnO3 manganite oxide
Authors: Cheikh‐Rouhou Koubaa W. , Koubaa M. , Boujelben W. , Cheikhrouhou A. , Haghiri‐Gosnet A. M. , Renard J.‐P.
Published: July 2006

The effects of deficiency in praseodymium and in strontium upon the magnetic and magneto‐transport properties of lacunar Pr0.8–x□xSr0.2MnO3 and Pr0.8Sr0.2–x□x MnO3 oxides have been investigated. Our synthesized samples have been elaborated using the conventional solid state reaction at high temperature. Crystallographic studies show that all our samples are single phase and crystallize in the orthorhombic system with Pnma space group. The praseodymium deficient samples Pr0.8–x□xSr0.2MnO3 exhibit three different regimes in the resistivity variation as a function of praseodymium deficiency amount: (i) at low concentration (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1), a semiconductor behaviour is observed in the whole temperature range, (ii) at an intermediate amount (x = 0.15), a semiconductor‐metallic transition is followed by a metallic‐semiconductor one with decreasing temperature, and finally (iii) at x = 0.2 and 0.25, a metallic behaviour is observed below TC, whereas all the strontium deficient samples exhibit a semiconductor behaviour in the whole temperature range. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV light resistance of biocides for PVC/wood fiber composites
Authors: Grossman Richard F.
Published: July 2006

Several of the biocides most commonly used in PVC compositions were exposed to UV‐A radiation for periods up to 2000 hr in order to determine the effects on their ability to protect various wood fibers from colonization by bacteria and fungi. Three species of bacteria and three fungi, all known to metabolize cellulose, were used. The ability of these species to exist by predation on their competitors also was studied. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL. 12:124–126, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers