bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalizing the Presuppositional Approach to the Binding Conditions
Authors: Bruening Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Almost all current approaches to the binding theory (the conditions that regulate covaluation between NPs within a sentence) have accepted the view that the binding theory should regulate only syntactic binding and not coreference. In this article, I argue that this is incorrect and that we need a binding theory that regulates both binding and coreference, as the classical binding theory had it. I also show some problems with the idea that the binding conditions somehow involve or should reduce to syntactic movement or syntactic agreement (Agree), as many recent works argue. I suggest instead that we should pursue a presuppositional approach to the binding conditions, as has been proposed for Binding Condition A. I spell out such an analysis and illustrate some benefits of pursuing it.
Colocationist Answers to the Grounding Problem
Authors: Campdelacreu Marta
Published: September 2021

According to colocationism, two different material objects can be colocated during their entire careers. The typical example is that of a statue and the lump of clay out of which it is made, both of which start to exist and cease to exist at exactly the same time. One of the main problems for colocationism is the grounding problem. Recently, several attractive colocationist answers to the problem have been formulated. In this paper I analyse the proposals by Kit Fine, Kathrin Koslicki, Noël Saenz and Catherine Sutton and conclude that all of them have problematic, unsatisfactory consequences, and this constitutes a strong reason against them. That, in turn, shows, I think, the difficulty of finding a satisfactory colocationist answer to the grounding problem, which continues to be a fundamental difficulty for the position.
Drivers of financial globalisation: The role of informational frictions
Authors: Haelg Florian
Published: September 2021

Social globalisation reduces informational frictions and is expected to promote international financial integration. This is because, the cost to obtain information constitutes a significant barrier to cross‐border financial flows. I examine how aspects of social globalisation influence financial integration by the revised KOF Globalisation Index. The index allows to disentangle trade and financial globalisation, different aspects of social globalisation, and de facto and de jure aspects of globalisation. The results suggest that de facto financial globalisation is associated with aspects of social globalisation that represent channels of information transmission. In particular, financial globalisation is positively associated with personal contacts but not associated with information flows and cultural proximity. I propose that personal contacts are important to overcome cross‐border informational frictions and promote international financial integration.
Intellectual property rights and trade: The exceptional case of GMOs
Authors: Smith Pamela , Kong Xiangwen
Published: September 2021

This paper examines how foreign intellectual property rights (IPRs) affect US bilateral exports of genetically modified crops (GMOs). We apply the structural gravity model to examine GMO trade between the United States and the countries that comprise the rest of the world. Our econometric method includes the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. We use panel data including measures of countries’ IPR regimes, plant patentability, plant variety rights, GMO regulations and asynchronous approvals of GMOs. Results show the United States tends to export fewer GMO crops to countries with strong IPR regimes, plant patentability and plant variety rights. These results are consistent with the market power effect, where the United States restricts exports to countries with strong protections to extract monopoly prices. Second, enforcement of IPRs strengthens the market power effect. Third, the market power effect is strong alongside with GMO regulations and asynchronous approvals. Fourth, the market power effect is larger for self‐pollinating crops vs. hybrids. These findings are robust across a variety of specifications. However, we also find a price premium in countries with less ease of US market access, with more domestic production of GMOs, and with weak traceability requirements. These features play a stronger role than IPRs in determining price.
Window Ventilation Behavior for Overheating Evaluation: Residents’ Survey and Derived Ventilation Profiles
Authors: Schiela David , Schünemann Christoph
Published: September 2021

Studies have shown that night-time ventilation can greatly reduce indoor overheating during hot spells. Yet the relevant literature is largely silent on which specific time resolved window ventilation behavior can be applied for investigations with building performance simulations. The aim of this article is to close this gap in knowledge. Specifically, a survey was carried out in two German cities Dresden and Erfurt regarding window ventilation behavior on hot (outside temperature > 30 °C) and average summer days to determine how, when and for how long ventilation is actually implemented in residential buildings. The results show that approximately 80 % of respondents ventilate their living rooms and bedrooms mainly at night and/or in the early morning on both hot and average summer days – although the individual window ventilation behavior may vary significantly. The details provided by the respondents were processed to create characteristic window ventilation profiles in order to reflect the individual user behavior more realistically in future studies, especially for overheating evaluations by building performance simulation.
Kajian Terhadap Sokongan Sosial dan Kesihatan Mental dalam Kalangan Anggota Polis di Ibu Pejabat Polis Kontinjen (IPK) Johor Bahru
Authors: Eraman Siti Nur Farahin , Abu Bakar Thuaibah@Suaibah , Hamisan @ Khair Zulkifli , Yaacob Hashim Fauzy
Published: September 2021

The current change in lifestyle and the rapid development of the world has led to the rise in mental health issues and symptoms of mental health problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the respondents' perceptions and mental health differences in terms of gender and personal status as well as the relationship between social support and mental health. This study is a quantitative study that used questionnaires to obtain data. The sample consisted of 103 police officers in the training, management and administration and operations departments. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) were used as study instruments. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18 and using descriptive statistics and inference statistics. The findings show that mental health conditions are affected by social support received.
Hubungan Antara Komunikasi Dalaman Dan Penglibatan Pekerja
Authors: Jaib Zafirah , Abdul Patah Salwa
Published: September 2021

This study was aiming on examining the relationship between internal communication and employee engagement. Specifically, this study identified the level of organizational and supervisory communication and the level of employee engagement. In Johor Bahru, a total of 169 employees in only one factory participated in the study, representing their various departments including department of accounts, technical, production, and administration. Therefore, data was being analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The result indicated that perceived internal communication has positive relationships but weak in employee engagement. Also, descriptive analysis revealed that both internal communication and employee engagement level were high.
The Relationship Between Workload and Burnout Among The Medical Staff In Hospital
Authors: Mohd Balwi Mohd Koharuddin , Yee Dan Wei , Thukiman Kassim , Haziqah Ana
Published: September 2021

Prolonged occupational stress can lead to the syndrome of job burnout. Workload was one of the factors that can cause the burnout. The main objective of this study was to determine the levels of job burnout and their relationships with workload among the medical staff. The key roles of medical staff in a hospital can be broadly separated into four areas which were the doctors, nurses, allied health professionals and support staff. Eighty medical staff from hospital volunteered to participate in this research. Different data were gathered using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), NASA-Task Load Index and Demographic questionnaire. The significance of the study was to investigate the relationship between the job burnout and workload among the medical staff in hospitals. The overall level of workload and job burnout was moderate. The results indicated that workload and job burnout among medical staff in hospitals was at moderate level. There was a significant relationship between workload and job burnout in this research.
Pengalaman Pembelajaran Informal Dalam Kalangan Sukarelawan Mycorps, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Md Saleh Ainaatul Afifah , Thukiman Kassim , Mohd Balwi Mohd Koharuddin , Othman Muhammed Fauzi , Abd Hamid Mohd Azhar
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to identify informal learning experiences among MYCORPS volunteers using qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews and using snowball sampling methods. The three objectives of the study were (i) to know the informal learning experiences experienced by the MYCORPS volunteers, (ii) to identify the factors that contributed to the informal learning experiences experienced by the MYCORPS volunteers and (iii) to know the impact of the informal learning experiences experienced by the MYCORPS volunteers. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis method. The informal learning experience is divided into two, soft skills and real skills. The contributing factors to the informal learning experience are learning strategies, outsiders and team members which affects the knowledge, skills and attitudes of volunteers. The chosen phenomenological approach is to understand a phenomenon. The results show that informal learning is experienced through these factors and affects knowledge, skills and attitudes. The study implicates adult learning practitioners, theories used and also the volunteers.
Hubungan antara Ganjaran Kerja dan Penglibatan Kerja
Authors: Jamil Ikmal Hakim , Norazman Irmawati , Omar Rozeyta , Shaari Roziana
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between job reward and employee engagement in the organizational context in a supermarket. This quantitative study involved a total of 70 respondents and the data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaire. The analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. In addition, descriptive analysis involving mean and percentage scores were used to identify levels of reward (intrinsic and extrinsic) as well as employee engagement. The relationship between job reward and employee engagement has been analyzed by using inferential analysis through Pearson correlation. The results show that the level of job reward is moderate, while employee engagement is high. The findings also show that there is a positive relationship between work reward and employee engagement as well as at moderate level. Besides, researcher has provided several suggestions to organization in order to identify and emphasize rewards as an effort to enhance employee engagement.
Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Employee’s Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study
Authors: Peng Er Xin , Sarip Azlineer , Mohd Arif Lily Suriani , Khair Zulkifli
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and employees’ turnover intention. This study employed a quantitative research approach by conducting a survey to collect data. By using convenience sampling, 70 permanent employees from the organization were sampled for the study. Employing SPSS version 18.0, descriptive statistical analysis revealed that level of HRM practices was moderate while turnover intention of respondents was at low level. Meanwhile, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that HRM practices were significantly negative correlated with turnover intention. In conclusion, these findings can be used by the management board of the organization to understand their employees’ turnover intention and further improve HRM practices.
Literature Review: Quality of Work Life in the 5.0 Era
Authors: Angelia Irine Noviani , Edwina Ds Triana Noor , Yuniasanti Reny
Published: September 2021

Quality of Work Life is important for companies to employ quality workers and for workers it can be useful to ensure their welfare, have a good working climate and conditions and ultimately have a personal psychological impact on each worker. Therefore, in the 5.0 era, which requires that we be able to use modern-based science (AI, robots, IoT) to serve human needs in order to create a society that enjoys life and feels comfortable. The purpose of this research is to present comparisons so that readers can enrich their understanding of quality. working life. The conclusion that influences the quality of work life in 15 (fifteen) journals that have been reviewed dominantly is seen in 9 (nine) factors from Cascio's opinion and 12 (twelve) factors from Chandranshu Sinha's opinion. In the era of society 5.0, a differentiation strategy is also needed, namely an organizational strategy that aims to produce a product or service that is different from the products or services of other companies. Human resources with good quality of work life will easily implement a differentiation strategy because the factors that influence it coupled with the use of advanced technology that are developing will advance the industry in a country.
A Model of Doctor-Patient Communication and Information Seeking a Study Among Trainee or Junior Doctors in Malaysian Hospital
Authors: Yaacob Hashim Fauzy , Abu Yazid Zaidatul Nadiah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the doctors-patients communication style and their information seeking practiced among doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysian hospital. Two types of communication styles evaluated are doctor centered and patient centered communication. Meanwhile, elements of information seeking practice evaluated are exploration of the reason for encounter, history taking, concrete solutions, structuring the interview, interpersonal skills and communicative skills. These six elements were categorized into interview skills and process skills. This information seeking skills have been derived from meta-analysis conducted by Stewart and Roter (1989). We combined the doctors-patients communication style and information seeking practice to develop a model based on four quadrants namely doctors-interview, doctors-process, patient-interview and patient-process. The subjects for this research are doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysia. This explorative research distributed a set of questionnaires in order to collect data for analysis. The result show that the doctors under training or junior doctors tend to practice doctor-centered styles compare to patient-centered. Meanwhile, most of them demonstrate all the information seeking practice at a high level. Based on four quadrants developed by researcher, research shows that the doctors mostly categorized in doctor-centered communication style and interview information-seeking skills. We suggested that doctors should be more patient-oriented rather than doctor oriented. We also suggested the model that we developed can be used as a model of communication pattern of the doctors and can be used for future research.
Engineering Knowledge Graph From Patent Database
Authors: Siddharth L. , Blessing Lucienne T. M. , Wood Kristin L. , Luo Jianxi
Published: September 2021

We propose a large, scalable engineering knowledge graph, comprising sets of real-world engineering “facts” as < entity, relationship, entity > triples that are found in the patent database. We apply a set of rules based on the syntactic and lexical properties of claims in a patent document to extract facts. We aggregate these facts within each patent document and integrate the aggregated sets of facts across the patent database to obtain an engineering knowledge graph. Such a knowledge graph is expected to support inference, reasoning, and recalling in various engineering tasks. The knowledge graph has a greater size and coverage in comparison with the previously used knowledge graphs and semantic networks in the engineering literature.
Perspectives for Conventional Coating Processes Using High-Speed Laser Cladding
Authors: Vogt Sabrina , Göbel Marco , Fu Eliana
Published: September 2021

The most commonly used surface protection technologies against wear and corrosion are electrochemical hard chromium plating or thermal spraying. But these coating technologies have limits. Additionally, due to health concerns, hard chromium plating is under increasingly restrictive use in Germany, the European Union, and the Asian market. One technology which is currently under investigation for replacing conventional coating processes, e.g., plating in these instances is the high-speed laser cladding. Using high-speed laser cladding (high-speed laser metal deposition, HS-LMD), which is a DED (directed energy deposition) process, a laser beam is heating powder particles, which are fed coaxially into the laser beam, to nearly melting temperature before these particles hit the surface. Using a laser as the heat source, the heat input into the workpiece can be minimized. This allows a very low dilution of additive material into workpiece—typically < 10 µm—and high feed rates between 100 and 500 m/min can be achieved. Layers generated by this process can be locally adjusted in thickness between 50 and 300 µm per layer. Since each layer is metallurgically bonded to the metallic substrate or the adjacent layer before, multi layers or multi-material approaches are feasible. By use of the aforementioned unique process features, new and in properties tailored coating systems become possible. HS-LMD might be a promising candidate for replacement of hard chromium plating, for example, large rotational symmetric parts. In this paper, we have selected Rockit®401 as a hard, corrosion-resistant, and nearly “cracking-proof” material. Additionally, we have chosen the corrosion resistant Inconel® 625. We will investigate the influence of high surface rates on properties such as defects, hardness, and crack susceptibility, as well as achievable layer thicknesses.
Evaluating Quantitative Measures for Assessing Functional Similarity in Engineering Design
Authors: Nandy Ananya , Dong Andy , Goucher-Lambert Kosa
Published: September 2021

The development of example-based design support tools, such as those used for design-by-analogy, relies heavily on the computation of similarity between designs. Various vector- and graph-based similarity measures operationalize different principles to assess the similarity of designs. Despite the availability of various types of similarity measures and the widespread adoption of some, these measures have not been tested for cross-measure agreement, especially in a design context. In this paper, several vector- and graph-based similarity measures are tested across two datasets of functional models of products to explore the ways in which they find functionally similar designs. The results show that the network-based measures fundamentally operationalize functional similarity in a different way than vector-based measures. Based upon the findings, we recommend a graph-based similarity measure such as NetSimile in the early stages of design when divergence is desirable and a vector-based measure such as cosine similarity in a period of convergence, when the scope of the desired function implementation is clearer.
Detached Eddy Simulation of Transition in Turbomachinery: Linear Compressor Cascade
Authors: Yin Zifei , Durbin Paul A.
Published: September 2021

The adaptive, ℓ2–ω delayed detached eddy simulation model was selected to simulate the flow in the V103 linear compressor cascade. The Reynolds number based on axial chord length is 138, 500. Various inflow turbulent intensities from 0% to 10% were tested to evaluate the performance of the adaptive model. The adaptive model is capable of capturing the laminar boundary layer and the large-scale perturbations inside it. The instability of large-scale disturbances signals the switch to a hybrid simulation of the turbulent boundary layer—thus, the transition front is predicted. In the case of separation-induced transition, the adaptive model, which uses eddy simulation in separated flow, can predict the separation bubble size accurately. Generally, the adaptive ℓ2–ω model can simulate the transitional separated flow in a linear compressor cascade, with a correct response to varying turbulent intensities.
Detailed Velocity and Heat Transfer Measurements in an Advanced Gas Turbine Vane Insert Using Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry and Infrared Thermometry
Authors: Benson Michael J. , Bindon David , Cooper Mattias , Todd Davidson F. , Duhaime Benjamin , Helmer David , Woodings Robert , Van Poppel Bret P. , Elkins Christopher J. , Clark John P.
Published: September 2021

This work reports the results of paired experiments for a complex internal cooling flow within a gas turbine vane using magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) and steady-state infrared (IR) thermometry. A scaled model of the leading edge insert for a gas turbine vane with multi-pass impingement was designed, built using stereolithography fabrication methods, and tested using MRV techniques to collect a three-dimensional, three-component velocity field data set for a fully turbulent test case. Stagnation and recirculation zones were identified and assessed in terms of impact on potential cooling performance. A paired experiment employed an IR camera to measure the temperature profile data of a thin, heated stainless steel impingement surface modeling the inside turbine blade wall cooled by the impingement from the vane cooling insert, providing complementary data sets. The temperature data allow for the calculation of wall heat transfer (HT) characteristics, including the Nusselt number distribution for cooling performance analysis to inform design and validate computational models. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the paired results show that the flow velocity and cooling performance are highly coupled. Module-to-module variation in the surface Nusselt number distributions is evident, attributable to the complex interaction between transverse and impinging flows within the apparatus. Finally, a comparison with internal HT correlations is conducted using the data from Florschuetz et al. [1981, “Streamwiseflow and Heat Transfer Distributions for Jet Array Impingement With Crossflow,” ASME 1981 International Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. doi:10.1115/1.3244463]. Measurement uncertainty was assessed and estimated to be approximately ±7% for velocity and ranging from ±3% to ±10% for Nusselt number.
Heat Transfer Measurements for Array Jet Impingement With Castellated Wall
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Jung Eui Yeop , Bang Minho , Lee Changyong , Moon Hee Koo , Cho Hyung Hee
Published: September 2021

Impingement cooling is one of the powerful cooling methods in high-temperature devices. For the gas turbine applications, impingement cooling is commonly applied in the transition piece of a combustor and in the leading edge, suction and pressure sides of a turbine blade/vane. In the suction side and pressure side, impingement cooling is applied as a form of an array jet. However, due to the small gap between the jet hole and target surface, the wall jet faces a crossflow inside of the gap. This crossflow has an adverse effect on the jets and deteriorates the heat/mass transfer performance. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to minimize the crossflow effect. The present study also investigated the effect of crossflow reduction in the gap by having a castellated hole plate. The heat/mass transfer was measured using the naphthalene sublimation method. Heat/mass transfer data are compared among three different cases. One is the baseline case which is simple array impinging jets. Others are the castellated cases with and without rib structures on the target wall. Jet-to-jet spacing(s/d) and jet-to-target spacing(z/d) are selected as geometrical variables. Also, the experiments were conducted for the Reynolds numbers (based on jet hole diameter) of 5,000, 15,000, and 30,000. The baseline case was named as B case, and the castellated case without rib structure as C case and with rib structure as CR case. Both C and CR cases showed the crossflow reduction effect and resulted high and similar Nusselt number values.
Evaluating the Influence of Rotor-Casing Eccentricity on Turbine Efficiency Including Time-Resolved Flow Field Measurements
Authors: DeShong Eric T. , Siroka Shawn , Berdanier Reid A. , Thole Karen A.
Published: September 2021

The clearance that exists between the casing and turbine blade tips is one of the key drivers of efficiency in gas turbine engines. For this reason, engine manufacturers utilize precise manufacturing techniques and may use clearance control systems to minimize tip clearances to reduce associated losses. Despite these efforts, turbines typically exhibit some nominal casing ovality or rotor-casing eccentricity, and changes to blade tip clearance during operation commonly occur due to thermal and mechanical stresses. The present study investigates non-axisymmetric tip clearance effects by creating a rotor-casing eccentricity in a one-stage axial test turbine operating in a continuous-duration mode at engine-relevant conditions with engine representative hardware. A magnetic levitation bearing system was leveraged to move the turbine shaft to vary the rotor-casing eccentricity without test section disassembly. The results of this study indicate that rotor-casing eccentricity does not affect overall turbine efficiency over the range that was tested, but does locally influence efficiency and the rotor exit flow field. Comparisons of flow angle and secondary flow kinetic energy (SKE) agreed with previous studies and existing analytical methods, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that tip clearance can be studied locally on an eccentric rotor.
Algorithmic Fingertip Repositioning for Enhanced In-Hand Manipulation of the Objects
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on a method to relocate the robotic fingertips on the surface of the object when the fingertips instantaneously hold the object under precision grasp. Precision grasp involves holding the object using fingertips. Finger gaiting involves repositioning the fingertips on the surface of the object and then manipulation of the object. During repositioning, one contact point leaves the object surface and recontacts at the other point. A metric is defined on the set of feasible grasp configurations to limit deviation from force closure during repositioning of the fingertips. Then, a manipulability-based metric is described to search for the optimal goal grasp states on the object’s surface. The manipulability-based metric is used to search the grasp state to relocate the contacts, such that the range of object motion is increased.
Design, Development, and Characterization of a Flow Control Device for Dynamic Cooling of Liquid-Cooled Servers
Authors: Shahi Pardeep , Deshmukh Apruv Pravin , Hurnekar Hardik Yashwant , Saini Satyam , Bansode Pratik , Kasukurthy Rajesh , Agonafer Dereje
Published: September 2021

Transistor density trends till recently have been following Moore's law, doubling every generation resulting in increased power density. The computational performance gains with the breakdown of Moore's law were achieved by using multicore processors, leading to nonuniform power distribution and localized high temperatures making thermal management even more challenging. Cold plate-based liquid cooling has proven to be one of the most efficient technologies in overcoming these thermal management issues. Traditional liquid-cooled data center deployments provide a constant flow rate to servers irrespective of the workload, leading to excessive consumption of coolant pumping power. Therefore, a further enhancement in the efficiency of implementation of liquid cooling in data centers is possible. The present investigation proposes the implementation of dynamic cooling using an active flow control device to regulate the coolant flow rates at the server level. This device can aid in pumping power savings by controlling the flow rates based on server utilization. The flow control device design contains a V-cut ball valve connected to a microservo motor used for varying the device valve angle. The valve position was varied to change the flow rate through the valve by servomotor actuation based on predecided rotational angles. The device operation was characterized by quantifying the flow rates and pressure drop across the device by changing the valve position using both computational fluid dynamics and experiments. The proposed flow control device was able to vary the flow rate between 0.09 lpm and 4 lpm at different valve positions.
Socio-Technical Modeling to Manage Power Distribution for Microgrid Systems With Limited Production Capacity
Authors: Suk Hailie , Sharma Ayushi , Nellippallil Anand Balu , Das Ashok , Hall John
Published: September 2021

The quality of life (QOL) in rural communities is improved through electrification. Microgrids can provide electricity in areas where grid access to electricity is infeasible. Still, insufficient power capacity hinders the very progress that microgrids promote. Therefore, we propose a decision-making framework to manage power distribution based on its impact on the rural QOL. Parameters are examined in this paper to represent the QOL pertaining to water, safety, education, and leisure/social activities. Each parameter is evaluated based on condition, community importance, and energy dependence. A solution for power allocation is developed by executing the compromise decision support problem (cDSP) and exploring the solution space. Energy loads, such as those required for powering water pumps, streetlamps, and household devices, are prioritized in the context of the QOL. The technique also allows decision-makers to update the power distribution scheme as the dynamics between energy production and demand change over time. In this paper, we propose a framework for connecting QOL and power management. The flexibility of the approach is demonstrated using a problem with varying scenarios that may be time dependent. The work enables sustainable energy solutions that can evolve with community development.
Effects of Near-Surface Composites on Frictional Rolling Contact Solved by a Semi-Analytical Model
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Yan Zhiqiang
Published: September 2021

A semi-analytical model (SAM) to tackle the steady-state elastic frictional rolling contact problem involving composites is presented. Specifically, the frictional rolling contact is categorized into two subtypes, namely, normal and tangential problems, and the conjugate gradient method (CGM) is used to figure out the normal pressure and tangential traction. In SAM, the equivalent inclusion method (EIM) is applied to analyze the influence of composites on the matrix, and the displacement disturbance resulting from such composites is added to the total surface displacement, which implements the coupling between surface contact and composites. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the finite element (FE) model. The effects of composites on the frictional rolling contact behavior are investigated. The results indicate that Young’s modulus, as well as the size and location of the composites, are correlated with the distributions of tangential traction, subsurface stresses, and the sizes of stick and sliding zones.
Effects of Carriage Flexibility on Friction Force in Linear Ball Guides
Authors: Tong Van-Canh , Khim Gyungho , Hong Seong-Wook
Published: September 2021

This article presents the effects of carriage flexibility on the friction force in linear ball guides, which includes hydrodynamic rolling friction, elastic hysteresis friction, slip friction, and drag friction. To this end, we developed a computational model for the friction force in linear ball guides that accounts for the carriage flexibility. The model was validated through experiments, and the results prove that it provides more accurate friction-force estimates than the conventional model under the assumption of a rigid carriage. Subsequently, we examined the effects of external load, preload, and speed on the friction force. Among several friction components, hydrodynamic rolling friction makes a major contribution to the total friction force. Ball contact loads, which significantly vary with carriage flexibility, were found to influence the hydrodynamic rolling, elastic hysteresis, and slip friction forces. The proposed model considering carriage flexibility in linear ball guides is expected to find use in the design and operation of linear-ball-guide systems.
Nonlinear Restoring Force Identification of Strongly Nonlinear Structures by Displacement Measurement
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Hou Zehao , Zhang Ying , Jing Xingjian , Kerschen Gaëtan , Cao Junyi
Published: September 2021

Strongly nonlinear structures have attracted a great deal of attention in energy harvesting and vibration isolation recently. However, it is challenging to accurately characterize the nonlinear restoring force using analytical modeling or cyclic loading tests in many realistic conditions due to the uncertainty of installation parameters or other constraints, including space size and dynamic disturbance. Therefore, a displacement-measurement restoring force surface identification approach is presented for obtaining the nonlinear restoring force. Widely known quasi-zero stiffness, bistable, and tristable structures are designed in a cantilever-beam system with coupled rotatable magnets to illustrate the strongly nonlinear properties in the application of energy harvesting and vibration isolation. Based on the derived physical model of the designed strongly nonlinear structures, the displacement-measurement restoring force surface identification with a least-squares parameter fitting is proposed to obtain the parameters of the nonlinear restoring force. The comparison between the acceleration integration and displacement differentiation methods for describing the restoring force surface of strongly nonlinear structures is discussed. Besides, the influence of the noise level on identification accuracy is investigated. In experimental conditions, quasi-zero stiffness, bistable, and tristable nonlinear structures with various geometrical parameters are utilized to analyze the identified nonlinear restoring force curve and measured force–displacement trajectory. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness of the displacement–measurement restoring force surface method to obtain the nonlinear restoring force.
Design of a Parallel Gripper Based on Topology Synthesis and Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Chi I-Ting , Chanthasopeephan Teeranoot , Wang Dung-An
Published: September 2021

A compliant gripper with nearly parallel gripping motion is developed by a topology synthesis and a dimensional synthesis approach. The topology synthesis process can generate linkage-type compliant mechanisms. Suitable boundary conditions of the topology synthesis process are selected to achieve the desired functions of the device. The dimensional synthesis is based on an evolutionary optimal design process. To meet various design goals, a nondominated multi-objective genetic algorithm is selected for the optimal design process. A kinetostaic model based on the chained beam constraint model is developed for force–displacement analysis of the designs. Efficiency and accuracy of the design approach are proved by experiments. Appropriate linkage types of compliant mechanisms may be discovered by the topology optimization process before moving on to the dimensional synthesis to obtain final designs.
Buoyancy Driven Flow, Heat Transfer, and Entropy Generation Characteristics for Different Heater Geometries Placed in Cryogenic Liquid: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Ade Someshwar Sanjay , Rathore Sushil Kumar
Published: September 2021

The present work reports a 3D computational study of buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer characteristics for a localized heater (analogous to superconductor) submerged in cryogenic liquid nitrogen in an enclosure. Seven different heater geometries are considered and the effect of heater geometry on flow and heat transfer characteristics is illustrated. The heater is generating heat at a constant rate (W/m3). Continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved using the finite volume method. Liquid flow and heat transfer features are demonstrated with the help of velocity vector and temperature contours. Rayleigh number, average Nusselt number, the maximum vertical velocity of fluid flow, and the average velocity of fluid flow are the parameters that are considered for comparing seven different geometries of the heater. Additionally, an analysis of the entropy generation owing to the transfer of heat and friction due to fluid flow is reported. Furthermore, the dependency of average Nusselt number, maximum velocity of the fluid, entropy generation owing to transfer of heat, and fluid friction as a function of heat generation rate is illustrated graphically. The results of this study indicate that heater geometry can considerably affect the transfer of heat, fluid flow features, and entropy generation under the same heat generation rate in the heater. The highest average Nusselt number on the heater surface is obtained when heater geometry is circular, whereas the lowest value of total entropy generation in the domain is obtained when heater geometry is an equilateral triangle.
Loop Heat Pipes for Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Singh Randeep , Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2021

The present paper investigates the potential of loop heat pipe (LHP), with respect to technological merits and application niche, in automotive thermal management. Broadly, LHP design and applicability for hot spot cooling in electronics (local dissipation), and for heat transport over longer distances (remote dissipation) has been proposed and discussed in detail. The basic module in these applications includes loop heat pipe with different shapes and sizing factors. Two types of LHP designs have being tested and results discussed. The miniature version, with 10 mm thick and flat disk evaporator, for cooling electronic control unit (ECU) with 70 W chipset while keeping source temperature below 100 °C limit was evaluated. Two larger versions with cylindrical evaporator, 25 mm diameter and 150 mm length, and heat transfer distances of 250 mm and 1000 mm, respectively, were tested for power electronics and battery cooling, with more than 500 W transport capabilities in gravity field. In conclusions, loop heat pipes will provide an energy efficient passive thermal control solution for next-generation low emission automotive, particularly for electric vehicles (EVs), which have high-level electrifications and more definitive cooling requirements.
High-Frequency Induction-Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Inconel 718 Plates
Authors: Raj Sanjay , Biswas Pankaj
Published: September 2021

The preheating system is a promising approach to decrease the axial load, improve the weld quality, and enhance the tool life during the friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength material. In the present work, conventional FSW and high-frequency induction heating-assisted friction stir welding (I-FSW) systems were used to join 3 mm thick Inconel 718 plates with a WC-10%Co tool and studied their performances. The welding was carried out at a constant rotational speed of 300 rpm, including varying traverse speeds of 90 mm/min and 140 mm/min and varying preheating temperatures (310 °C, 410 °C, and 700 °C). The results show that good weld joints were possible at high traverse speed (i.e., 140 mm/min) using the I-FSW at low preheating temperature (i.e., 310 °C). Grain refinement in the weld zone with and without preheated FSW led to improved mechanical properties. The increased size of intermetallic phases and carbide particles due to induction preheating in I-FSW was most likely to be responsible for the enhancement of the weld strength. The hardness of the stir zone was increased from 250 HV to 370 HV, and the ultimate tensile strength of the I-FSW joint reaches 740 MPa, which was 98.8% of the base material. The results also revealed that preheating affected the process temperature results lowering the axial force and frictional heat, which improved the tool life.
Social work practice implications of upcoming mental health reforms
Authors: Smith Genevieve , Appleby Joanna
Published: September 2021

The Labour-led Government has recently announced new healthcare reforms in Aotearoa New Zealand. The four changes are:The current 20 District Health Boards (DHBs) across the country will be replaced by one national organisation, Health New Zealand.A new Māori Health Authority will have the power to commission health services, monitor the state of Māori health and develop policyNew Public Health Agency will be createdStrengthened Ministry of Health will monitor performance and advise governmentAs a teaser before the announcement, the country was informed that the reforms would be about equity and access. We, thewriters, are both Pākehā mental health social workers and we were eagerly awaiting news of the reforms. We have reflected on the current problems facing the mental health sector, speculated on how these may be addressed through system reform, and discussed our hopes for a better system.Based on our experience working within and alongside different DHB mental health services in the country we identified four major sector problems. These are the increasing demand and severity of presenting problems, the associated shifting goalposts of accessibility to manage demand, service variability between regions and issues of staff workload, and training and retention. As social workers, we have seen the impact of these issues upon multi-stressed families seeking support and we hope for reforms to address these equity issues.
Messages to first responders from a bereaved parent
Authors: Brown Richard
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: This article describes the use of autoethnography to explore my experience as a bereaved parent in relation to the traumatic loss of my 12-year-old child in 2009.METHODS: Employing an autoethnographic approach, this research articulates and investigates personal narratives associated with experiences of the death of my young child. Narratives offer a rich description of the event and allow data analysis where emerging themes stream from a personal experience.FINDINGS: Professionals taking control and the caring role of the community are main themes identified and analysed from these personal narratives. The findings advocate for an understanding of the needs of grieving parents at a time of extreme confusion. This article concentrates on professional first responders taking control and guiding traumatised parents when their child has a fatal event. Bereaved parents experience disorientation and traumatic confusion at the sudden death of their child. Emergency responders need to offer active listening skills and guidance.IMPLICATIONS: Professional first responders need to take control of the bereaved parent’s early journey of grief as they are likely to be in a state of deep traumatic shock, where disorientation leaves them vulnerable to lowered cognitive ability. The use of active listening skills and sensitivity can direct traumatised parents, thereby assisting the short- and long-term welfare of the family by addressing their initial needs at a time of crisis.
Topological impact of a simple self-replication geometric structure with great application potential in vacuum pumping and photovoltaic industry
Authors: Luo Xueli , Day Christian
Published: September 2021

Topological effects exist from a macroscopic system such as the universe to a microscopic system described by quantum mechanics. We show here that an interesting geometric structure can be created by the self-replication procedure of a square with an enclosed circle, in which the sum of the circles' area will remain the same but the sum of the circumference will increase. It is demonstrated by means of Monte Carlo simulations that these topological features have a great impact on the vacuum pumping probability and the photon absorption probability of the active surface. The results show significant improvement of the system performance and have application potential in vacuum pumping of large research facilities such as a nuclear fusion reactor, synchrotron, and in the photovoltaic industry.
A Simple Way to Demonstrate and Explain Different Facets of Mirages
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Huang Zewei , Yang Yanbin
Published: September 2021

As intriguing optical phenomena that occur in nature, mirages are widely known and often mentioned in physics classes when introducing the basics of optics. In the atmosphere, a mirage occurs under the condition of vertical variations in air density, which are usually caused by a temperature gradient. The light rays are continuously refracted and follow a curved path when passing through the air, because the refractive index of air changes with its density. Hence, the image observed in an optical manner is displaced from the location of the object. An upward-shifted image is known as a superior mirage, whereas a downward-shifted one is known as an inferior mirage. There are several simple experiments that can create both superior and inferior mirages, using a non-uniform liquid solution to simulate the refractive index gradient in the air. These experiments not only demonstrate the curved paths of light rays, but also produce artificial multiple-image mirages. This paper introduces a simplified method of creating inferior mirages in a liquid solution. Using this method, we further demonstrate several different facets of mirages and explain their origins through computer simulations.
An Inexpensive Apparatus to Study Conservation of Angular Momentum in the Introductory Laboratory
Authors: Polley J. P.
Published: September 2021

While the three laws of conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum are all mentioned in introductory textbooks, there are few experiments through which students can investigate the conservation of angular momentum. Most experiments consist of collisions between rotating disks, in which one disk is dropped on another, or in which the rotational inertia of a single object is changed and the resulting change in angular velocity measured. This paper presents a method for studying collisions that centers on the conservation of angular momentum, and of rotational energy.
Will the Wheel Stand Still Uphill?
Authors: Luca Roberto De
Published: September 2021

Many times physics students are asked to solve problems involving objects at rest or moving on inclined planes. May they be blocks or rolling objects standing still, falling down, or climbing up the incline, geometry and trigonometry play an important role in getting the right solution to the particular problem at hand. In the simplest static problem, a block is seen at rest on a plane inclined at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal as in Fig. 1(a). By Newtonian friction, the block is at rest as long as