bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Cordyceps militaris Mutant Regarding Anti-cancer Agent Cordycepin Production in Submerged Culture Obtained by Ion Beam Irradiation
Authors: Das S.K. , Masuda M. , Hatashita M. , Sakurai A. , Sakakibara M.
Published: January 2010

Performance of Cordyceps militaris mutant obtained by high-energy ion beam irradiation regarding anti-cancer agent cordycepin production in submerged culture was investigated. It was established that the mutant renders a higher production performance in surface liquid culture, needs to observe its performance in submerged culture. Two kinds of media were used for submerged culture comprising a basal medium and the optimized media for C. militaris mutant and control (wild strain) each. HPLC analysis for cordycepin concentration, mutarotase GOD (glucose oxidase) method using Glucose CII test for glucose concentration, pH meter for pH were measured. Analysis showed that the cordycepin production of mutant in submerged culture using basal medium was 2.82 times (181.77%) higher that of the control; whereas, in optimized media, the production of control was 9.06 times (806.25%) higher than that of the mutant. In contrast, the cordycepin productions of this mutant in submerged culture were suppressed to about 80% and 3% relative to the surface liquid culture; whereas, those controls were about 30% and 80% using basal and optimized media, respectively. Glucose consumption was faster in all cases of the control in both basal and optimized media with a higher mycelial growth, and interestingly, it was extremely slow in case of mutant in optimized medium. The pH analysis showed that as the production was increasing, the pH value also increasing towards the neutral (pH= 7) in all the cases of mutant and control, except in case of mutant using optimized medium in which the pH value remained more or less static accompanied by a lower production. These results suggested that the prospective mutant had a poor performance in submerged culture using optimized media, but had a better performance in basal medium, although the production in basal medium is too low to be taken into consideration as a commercial point of view. Stress furnished by shaking may be one of the major explainable causes of decreased production here. It my also be assumed that with a lower concentrations of C and N sources, this mutant is better tolerable to shear stress. Therefore, it is suggested to use surface liquid culture rather than the submerged one to attain the highest production performance to be used for industrial uses.Key words: Production performance, Cordyceps militaris mutant, submerged culture, anticancer agent productionDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2547Our Nature (2009) 7:1-9
Habitat Preference of Auriscalpium vulgare Gray Inhabiting Slash and Burn Affected Khasi Pine Cones of India
Authors: Das P. , Chettri A. , Kayang H.
Published: January 2010

Slash and burn shifting cultivation or jhum is the predominant form of land use pattern in the hilly terain of northeast India. Impact of jhum practice on Auriscalpium vulgare growing on the female Khasi pine cone was studied. The period of mature cone falling proceeds after the slash and burn activity, hence only 1:3 escapes the burning practice. During the assessment, burned and unburned cones were assigned to coarse woody debris (CWD) and classified into three girth classes: small (≤10 cm), intermediate (>10 to ≤13 cm) and large (>13 cm). The mean number of basidiocarps in burned cones was significantly higher than unburned ones (p<0.00001). A significant linear relationship between girth size of burned cones and number of basidiocarps was observed (r = 0.736; p<0.01). The study reveals that maximum number of fungi thrives on the burned cones (anthropogenically disturbed) of pine and girth size affects the number of basidiocarp. Key words: burned and unburned pine cones; coarse woody debris (CWD); Khasi pine; slash and burnDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2551Our Nature (2009) 7:32-38
Nest-building Behaviour of the Asian Open Billed Stork Anastomus oscitans, in the Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Raiganj, India
Authors: Pramanik A.K. , Santra K.B. , Manna C.K.
Published: January 2010

A field study of the nest-building behaviour in the breeding season of the Asian Open-Billed Stork, Anastomus oscitans, was conducted in the Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Observations were made throughout one complete breeding season (2007-2008) in the sanctuary. The open-billed stork comes in the last week of June at the Kulik bird sanctuary, stays there for 5 to 6 months and leaves the place in the month of December of every year. From the present observations it was noticed that about 58920 storks came to Kulik during 2008. Various types of behaviour were observed during this particular period. Coming to the Kulik, pairing of the individual storks start and mating display was observed within a day or two. Birds of a pair supplied the nest building materials to form the nest.  To give a definite shape to the nest it took about 12-15 days before egg laying. The nesting territory consisted of a semicircle, some times circular and approximately with 30.21 ± 0.12 cm radius. The depth of the nest was about 6.9 ± 0.02 cm. The nest building materials consisted of fragments of old branches of trees, some soft green leaves and grasses. These branches helped in strengthening and the leaves and grasses helped in softening of the nest.  During the incubation period both sexes were involved to incubate the eggs. Nest attendance of the breeding birds was continuous during the first 2-months period. From regular observation it was noticed that either of the pair took additional care by spreading their wings during the time of heavy sunshine or heavy rain. The main behavioral patterns examined were aerial displays, mating pattern, nest building, egg laying and incubation pattern, nest defense and nest protection. Diversity of nesting behavior in open-billed stork was pointed out and discussed.Key words: Asian Open-Billed Stork, Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Nest-building behaviorDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2552Our Nature (2009) 7:39-47
Avifaunal Diversity of Gudavi Bird Sanctuary, Sorab, Shimoga, Karnataka
Authors: Dayananda G.Y.
Published: January 2010

Two hundred and seventeen species of birds belonging to 48 families were recorded in the three year study at the Gudavi sanctuary, Sorab, Shimoga district, Karnataka. Most of the families were represented by less than thirteen species except for Muscicapidae (35 species).  These include 160 residents, 46 resident migratory and 11 migratory birds. 54 species of water dependent birds were recorded from the wetlands of the sanctuary. Among the birds recorded in this study, about 45.62% are insectivores and other dominating types include piscivores (12.44%), omnivores (11.98%), frugivores (9.67%), grainivores (8.75%), carnivores (7.83%) and nectarivores (3.68%) respectively.Key words: Avifauna, Biodiversity, Gudavi Bird Sanctuary, SorabDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2556Our Nature (2009) 7:100-109
In Vitro Regeneration of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn.: An Important Medicinal Plant
Authors: Sen A. , Sharma M.M. , Grover D. , Batra A.
Published: January 2010

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol was developed for the medicinally potent plant species Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) using nodal segment as explant. Maximum multiplication of shoots (15.275±0.96) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) after 3-4 weeks of inoculation. The shoots were separated from cluster and subcultured for their elongation on the same medium. In vitro flowering was also observed on the elongated shoots after 3–4 weeks of sub culturing on the shoot elongation medium. In vitro rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 mg/l).  Regenerated plants were successfully hardened and acclimatized, 80 % of plantlets survived well under natural conditions after transplantation.Key words: In vitro regeneration, multiple shoots, nodal segments, Phyllanthus amarusDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2557Our Nature (2009) 7:110-115
Traditional Medicines Derived from Domestic Animals Used by Rebari Community of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Vyas N. , Mahawar M.M. , Jaroli D.P.
Published: January 2010

This Paper deals with the domestic animals based traditional medicinal knowledge of Rebari community of Rajasthan. Field study was conducted with Rebari people with the help of semi-structured questionnaire and open interview. 25 Rebari people including both sexes provided valuable information regarding uses of domestic animals and their products in local medicinal system and information was obtained, about their conservation too. The results show that there are 15 domestic animals and 2 plant species used in 30 ailments like headache, tuberculosis, paralysis and anal infection. The Rebari community has devised rules to ensure the social and ecological sustainability of their livestock but presently, these domestic animals are on verge of extinction due to the shortage of grazing land and loss of their territories. So there is an urgent need to uphold livestock diversity for appropriate medicinal use and to maintain an ecological balance in nature.Key words: Rebari community, traditional medicine, livestock conservation, RajasthanDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2560Our Nature (2009) 7:129-138
Some Fresh Water Algae of Oil Refinery Effluent Drains of Assam, India
Authors: Baruah P.P. , Kakati B. , Ahmed I.
Published: January 2010

The present paper deals with the morpho-taxonomic account of some hitherto unknown fresh water algal species of hydrocarbon polluted refinery drains of Assam. Twenty two taxa of class Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenineae and Cyanophyceae were identified from three effluent drains of Guwahati Oil Refinery. Cyanophyceae with 11 species was the dominant algal group in the study sites and Oscillatoria was the dominant genus with 8 species.Key words: Fresh water algae, Oscillatoria, oil refinery effluent, AssamDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2561Our Nature (2009) 7:139-145
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Wastes
Authors: Poudel R.C. , Joshi D.R. , Dhakal N.R. , Karki A.B.
Published: January 2010

Microbial resistance to antibiotics has been emerging in environmental isolates. This study was carried out from October 2008 to January 2009 to describe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacteria isolated from sewage sludge, biowaste and bioslurry samples. A total of 49 identified isolates were taken for antibiotic susceptibility test. Amikacin and Gentamicin were the effective antibiotics for the Gram negative bacteria, comparatively Escherichia coli was the most sensitive. Similarly, all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. were sensitive to Tetracycline and Erythromycin respectively and none of these isolates were resistant to Vancomycin. Out of 13 S. aureus, five (38.5%) were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates accounted for 46.9%, the highest percentage of MDR isolates was seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9/12, 75.0%). The proper management of multidrug resistant bacteria present in waste is suggestive for environmental and public health.Key words: Multidrug resistant bacteria, Bio-waste, Sewage sludge, BioslurryDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2563Our Nature (2009) 7:151-157
Comparative Study on some Organic Manure Commonly Used in Aquaculture
Authors: Chakrabarty D.
Published: January 2010

Assorted physical and chemical parameters were measured in glass aquaria (10 l) receiving some commonly used organic manure namely cow dung (CD), compost charged with rock phosphate (CR), vermin-compost charged with rock phosphate (VCR), horse dung (HD) and farm yard manure (FYM). There was no significant difference in the moisture content of the manures tested. The values of pH, conductance, TDS, PO4-P, NH3-N was highest in the VCR treatment indicating a better manurial value for VCR than others. The size of fibers of VCR was significantly (P>0.05) lower in size when compared with other manures tested. There was almost no difference in fiber content of the manures tested except VCR where it was significantly low (p<0.05) than other four. The different organic manures used can be graded in the following descending order in manurial value as direct application manure: VCR (T3) > CD (T1) > CR (T2) > HD (T4) > FYM (T5). The values of total suspended solids (TSS) imparted by the manures showed significant differences (P>0.05) among various treatments and was in the following descending order: HD (T4) > CD (T1) > CR (T2) > FYM (T5) > VCR (T3). This indicates that the application of (VCR) will pass on less fiber garbage to aquatic body.Key words: Limnology, aquaculture, vermi-compost, organic manure, rock phosphateDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2566Our Nature (2009) 7:163-167
Antibiotic Profiling of Heavy Metal Resistant Bacterial Isolates from the Effluent of a Garment Industry in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Sharma M. , Thapaliya H.P.
Published: January 2010

Heavy metal resistant bacterial isolates from the effluent in a garment industry site were examined to assess their resistance towards multiple antibiotics. Heavy metal resistance property has been found to enhance the antibiotic resistance ability of microorganisms. Isolation of the heavy metal resistant organisms was done in media containing salts of heavy metals. Organisms were identified belonging to the genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Aeromonas and Enterococcus. Bacterial isolates were tested for their sensitivity to seven common antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin and cotrimoxazole) using Kirby-Bauer technique. Isolates were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics but all the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. The data of our study indicates that metal pollution of the environment is the cause of heavy metal resistance isolates and hence antibiotic resistance.Key words: Heavy metal, effluent, antibiotics, resistance, Bacteria, pollution.DOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2572Our Nature (2009) 7:203-206
Checklist of Fish Species Richness of Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary, Suraha Lake, Ballia, U.P., India
Authors: Srivastava P.K. , Srivastava S.K.
Published: January 2010

Present paper deals with the fish species richness of the Suraha Lake. The study was made during August 2002-July 2004. In the course of investigation at three sampling spots Mairitar, Surajpura and Basantpur, 54 fish species were recorded under 7 orders and 20 families. Twentyone species of Cypriniformes, 12 species of Siluriformes, 3 species of Symbrachiformes, 13 species of Perciformes, 1 species of Tetradontiformes, 3 species of Clupeiformes and 1 species of Beloniformes have been recorded.Key words: Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary, Suraha lake, fish species richnessDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2573Our Nature (2009) 7:207-211
Effect of some Selected Insecticides on the Activity of Invertase at Different Stages of Pentatomid Bug Cyclopelta siccifolia W.
Authors: Naveed A. , Dayananda G.Y. , Hosetti B.B.
Published: January 2010

The invertase enzyme which has been reported to occur in the digestive tract of several insects is believed to be an important enzyme for digestion and utilization of sucrose by insects. In the present investigation the effect of different insecticides such as Endosulfan, Monocrotophos, Methomyl, Phosphomidon and Carbaryl on invertase activity has been carried out at different stages of Pentatomid bug Cyclopelta siccifolia W. with lethal concentrations of respective insecticides. The data revealed that maximum decrease in Invertase activity was detected with (45%) at 24 hours. In case of II instar nymphs the least activity was observed with Carbaryl and it was -75.20% at 24 hours. In IV instar nymphs endosulfan showed its supremacy by reducing the activity by -8.5% in comparison with control. The overall results revealed that the activity of invertase varies with different insecticide treatments and it has been concluded that least activity was recorded with Carbaryl at II instar stage compared to other insecticides.Key words: Petatomid bug, Cyclopelta siccifolia, Invertase, InsecticidesDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2576Our Nature (2009) 7:222-225
Pale-footed Bush-warbler Cettia pallidipes in Nepal with Reference to its Global Status and Distribution
Authors: Baral H.S.
Published: January 2010

This paper deals with the status of Pale-footed Bush-warbler in Nepal with reference to its global distribution.DOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2577Our Nature (2009) 7:226-230
Prospects and Constraints of Crab Culture in Wetlands of Bihar, India
Authors: Tiwary N.P. , Kumar P. , Prasad R.R. , Kumari M. , Kumar R.
Published: January 2010

This paper deals with the prospects and constraints of crab culture in wetlands of Bihar, India.Key words: Wetland, Crab culture, Paratelphusa spinigera, Pens, Cages, Juveniles, Water crabsDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2578Our Nature (2009) 7:230-232
Is Low Level of Serum Ionized Magnesium Responsible for Eclampsia?
Authors: Akther Rabeya , Rashid Maliha
Published: January 2010

Objective: To determine the level of serum ionized magnesium in eclampsia patient before and 24 hours after giving the loading dose of magnesium sulfate and if low, to determine the relationship between levels of ionized magnesium in serum and occurrence of eclamptic convulsions. Methods: Fifty eclampsia patients received a loading dose of 4 gm of magnesium sulfate, which was diluted with 12 ml of distilled water and then was given intravenously over a period of 10-15 minutes and it was followed by 3 gm of magnesium sulfate deep intramuscular injection in each buttock. Patient's venous blood samples were obtained before and 24hours after loading dose of magnesium sulfate and analyzed for ionized magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium level. Results: Level in eclampsia women is 0.47 (0.15-1.04) m mol/L and 0.74 (0.20-2.00) m mol/L before and 24 hours after treatment with loading dose of magnesium sulfate, respectively .This change is significant.( P value is < 0.001) . Change in ionized magnesium level associated with change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and albuminuria .This changes are also significant (p<.001). Conclusions: The evidence indicated that low level of ionized magnesium in serum may be the cause of eclamptic convulsion. Key words: Ionized magnesium, Eclampsia, magnesium sulfate. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4250 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 76-81
Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendicectomy  A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ali SM Ashraf , Chowdhury MA Wahhab , Rouf HMA , Yusuf Omor Faruque , Islam Md Saiful
Published: January 2010

Background: The authors compare open and laparoscopic appendicectomy in a randomized fashion with an object to define benefit of laparoscopic procedure if any. Methods: Patients of acute appendicitis were randomized to either laparoscopic(n=62) or open (n=58) appendicectomy . Operation time, per-operative findings, concomitant and or other pathological lesions, postoperative pain, rescue narcotic analgesia required, negative appendicectomy rate, hospital stay and complications were noted. Results: No patient in the laparoscopic group required conversion to open. The mean operation time were 36.51±15.81 minutes and 31.62±19.61 minutes for the laparoscopic and open groups respectively (p=0.1368). But the operation time is low in LA group (mean 37.92±16.28 versus 62.55±20.04 minutes, p=.0080) when only high up retrocaecal types were considered. In the laparoscopic group 45 patients (72.58%) had acute appendicitis, 15 (24.19%) had other pathologies (appendix were histologically normal) and in 2(3.225%) appendix were normal. Post operative pain score was significantly low (p=0.037) in LA group after six hours but became insignificant after twelve hours (p=0.959) and twenty fours (p=0.114). The LA group required significantly less rescue narcotic analgesia (p=0.026). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (29.935±8.995 versus 35.413±11.30 hours, p=0.0038). The wound infection rate is higher in open group (13.79% versus 6.45% ) Patients who underwent LA have a shorter operation time in high-up retrocaecal type of appendicitis, significantly less pain and require less rescue narcotic analgesia in comparison to open operation. Conclusions: Laparoscopic method offers an excellent opportunity to detect concomitant other pathology and there by reduce incidence of missdiagnosis and negative appendicectomy rate. The authors consider LA to be the procedure of choice in patients with acute appendicitis. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4251J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 82-90
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Mast Common Rheumatic Disorder in Children - An Overview
Authors: Rahman Shahana A
Published: January 2010

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common form of chronic arthritis in children and an important cause of both the short term and long term morbidities. JIA is the new terminology proposed by the International League of Associations of Rheumatologists (ILAR). Three separate systems are used currently to classify chronic arthritis in children. These are American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification, The European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification and ILAR classification. The diagnosis of JIA remains a clinical one, and is essentially one of exclusion in addition to suspicion and recognition of patterns. There is no single test for the diagnosis of JIA. The treatment of JIA is rapidly changing. Aims of good management of JIA include: controlling pain and inflammation, preserving function and promoting normal growth and development. Remarkable advances have been made in the management of JIA with the advent of new modalities of treatment. Effective management of JIA needs a multidisciplinary team approach. Even after effective management, about one-third of JIA patients continue to manifest their disease activity into adulthood with serious morbidity and disabilities. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4252 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 91-98
Combined Carotid Endarterectomy and off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Case Report
Authors: Alam Saleh Ahmed Nurul , Sharifuzzaman Mohammad , Chanda Prosanta Kumar , Rahman Rafiur , Rahman Hafizur , Alam Shafiul , Hossain Daud
Published: January 2010

A 64 years male presented as a case of triple vessel coronary artery disease with bilateral asymptomatic carotid lesion. He underwent combined right carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) with excellent outcome. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4254 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 103-106
Assessment of Colour Blindness and Erythrocyte G6PD Enzyme Status among the School Children of Dhaka City
Authors: Yasmin Ayesha , Janan Nasima , Akhter Rezina
Published: January 2010

Background: Visual impairment due to colour blindness is an unusual suffering of the school children. It may be associated with erythrocyte G6PD enzyme deficiency. Objective: To find out defective vision due to colour blindness in apparently healthy school children and to measure erythrocyte G6PD enzyme level among them. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, SSMC from 1st July 2007 to 31st June 2008. Five hundred (500) apparently healthy school children of old Dhaka, age ranged from 6 to 12 years irrespective of gender and race was selected as study population. Colour vision test was done by Ishihara's test. Erythrocyte G6PD enzyme was measured among the colour blind children. All the results were compared to that of children with normal colour vision. Results: Five male children were detected to have partial red-green type of colour blindness. The percentage of colour blindness was statistically not significant (p>0.05) when compared to that of children with normal colour vision. Mean erythrocyte G6PD enzyme level of colour blind children was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to that of children with normal colour vision. Presence of G6PD enzyme deficiency among the colour blind children did not show any clinical abnormalities might be due to different non symptomatic G6PD variants. Conclusion: Visual defect due to colour which blindness particularly red-green type might be present in apparently healthy school children associated with erythrocyte G6PD enzyme deficiency. Key words: Colour blindness; Erythrocyte G6PD enzyme. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4175 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 64-70
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Status in Neonatal Jaundice and its Relationship with Severity of Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Akhter Nilufa , Begum Noorzahan , Khan Waqar Ahmed
Published: January 2010

Background: G6PD deficiency is one of the common inherited enzymatic disorder associated with high incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: To observe G6PD status in male, term neonates with jaundice and its correlation with serum level of bilirubin. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 90 male, term neonates with jaundice, age ranged from 3 to 12 days (Group B) in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between July 2007 to June 2008. On the basis of total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, study group was further divided into B1(TSB <15mg/dl), B2(TSB 15-20mg/dl) and B3 (TSB>20mg/dl). For comparison age and sex matched 30 apparently healthy neonates (Group A) were also included in the study. Erythrocyte G6PD level was measured by Spectrophotometric method by using kit of Randox. Serum bilirubin level was measured by standard laboratory technique. For statistical analysis ANOVA, independent sample "t" test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable by using SPSS windows version-12. Results: In this study, erythrocyte G6PD levels were significantly lower in moderate (p<0.01) and severe (p<0.001) hyperbilirubinemic group in comparison to that of control group . However, this enzyme level was lower in mild group compared to that of control but the difference was statistically non significant. Again, this enzyme levels were significantly lower in moderate (p<0.05) and severe (p<0.01) group than that of mild group and also between severe and moderate hyperbilirubinemic group (p<0.05). In this study, G6PD enzyme deficient were found in 1(3.33%) and 6(20%) subjects of group B2 and B3 respectively. Though, percentage of the subjects with enzyme deficiency were higher in severe group ( B3 ) compared to that of moderate group( B2 ) but the difference was statistically not significant. However, no enzyme deficient patient were found in control group (A) and mild hyperbilirubinemic group (B1). Serum bilirubin level showed significant (p<0.05) positive (r=+.429) correlation with erythrocyte G6PD level in control group (A). On the other hand, this level was negatively correlated with G6PD enzyme in groups B1 (r= -.127), B2 (r=-.120) and B3 ( r= -.671) but significant negative correlation in group B3 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that severity of hyperbilirubinemia depends on degree of G6PD deficiency. Therefore, early detection of this enzymopathy and close surveillance of the affected neonates may be important in reducing the complications of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Key words: Glucose-6-PD, Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonates DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4176 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 71-76
Serum Zinc and Copper in Iron Deficient Adolescents
Authors: Wajeunnesa M , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana , Akhter Selina , Quaraishi Shamshad Begum
Published: January 2010

Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to iron deficiency. Deficiency of iron may be associated with deficiency of zinc and high copper level. Objectives: To observe serum zinc and copper status in iron deficient anemic adolescents. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, between January and December 2007. For this, total 60 adolescents of both sexes aged 11-18 years were selected. Of them,on the basis of hemoglobin and serum Ferrtin level 15 iron deficient male adolescents (Hb<13g/dl, SF<30ìg/L) and 15 iron deficient female adolescents (Hb<11.5g/dl, SF<22ìg/L)were included into study group as group B1 and B1 respectively. Age and sex matched apparently healthy 15 male and 15 female subjects without iron deficiency were taken as control (group A1, A2). Serum zinc and copper status were assessed by measuring serum zinc and copper levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and | serum ferritin and serum iron levels by micro particle enzyme immunoassay method. Data were analyzed by un paired student t test.  Results: In both male and female iron deficient adolescents, mean serum zinc level was significantly (p<0.01) lower and serum copper level was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of their respective healthy control. No statistically significant differences of these values were observed between A1 vs A2 and B1 vs B2. In this study, hypozincemia and hypercupremia were observed in both male and female iron deficient adolescents Conclusion: Therefore, from this study concludes that deficiency of iron may be associated with hypozincemia and hypercupremia in anemic adolescents and the supplementation of zinc along with iron is suggested for the correction of iron deficiency anemia especially in adolescents when their metabolic demand is high. Key Words: Copper; Zinc; Adolescence DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4177 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 77-80
FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in Type 2 Diabetes and Their Relationships with Duration of the Disease
Authors: Ali Md Omar , Begum Shelina , Begum Noorzahan , Ali Taskina , Ferdousi Sultana , Begum Afroza
Published: January 2010

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic debilitating disease affecting various organs including lungs. The magnitude of the complications of this disease is related to its duration. Objective: To observe FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in type 2 diabetic patients and their relationship with duration of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2007 to June 2008 on 60 type 2 diabetic male patients of age 40-60 years (Group B). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy non diabetic subjects (Group A) were also studied. Patients were selected from the out patient department of Bangladesh Institute of research on diabetes, endocrine and metabolic diseases. Based on duration of diabetes, diabetic patients were divided into B1 (5-10 years) and B2 (10-20 years). FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% of all the subjects were measured by a digital microspirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA test, Unpaired Student's 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: Mean of the percentage of the predicted values of FVC and FEV1, were significantly (p<0.001) lower in both those of Gr. B1 and B2 than that in A and were also significantly (p<0.001) lower in Gr. B2 when compared with Gr. B1. Again, FEV1/FVC% was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Gr. B2 than those in Gr. B1 and A whereas this value was lower in Gr. B1 than those of group A but it was not statistically significant. However, FVC and FEV1 showed negative and FEV1/FVC% showed positive correlations with duration of diabetes. All these correlations were statistically non significant. Conclusion: From the result of this study it can be concluded that the ventilatory function of lung may be reduced in type 2 diabetes which may be related to the duration of the disease. Key words: FVC, FEV1, diabetes mellitus DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4178 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 81-87
Thyroid Follicles and Parenchyma are Found to Increase with Advancing age during the first 50 years of life in Bangladeshi People
Authors: Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Mahbub Sabiha , Shahriah Sunjida , Begum Gul Newaz , Ara Shamim
Published: January 2010

Background: The structural components of the thyroid gland are very much responsive to many types of stimuli and their adaptation is evident in histological studies. The thyroid follicles change their size and shape with the physiological alterations and pathological deviations. Objective: To observe the histological changes of the thyroid gland with advancing age in Bangladeshi people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2008. The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10 - 20 years), Group B (21 - 50 years) & Group C (> 50 years) and the glands were studied histologically including number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles, percentage proportion of the parenchyma and stroma. Results and conclusion: All the histological values of the thyroid gland studied i.e. number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles and percentage of the parenchyma, are found to increase with advancing age during the first 50 years of life and later decrease. Key Words: Thyroid gland, Thyroid follicles, Parenchyma, Stroma DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4179 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 88-92
To Match or Not to Match in Epidemiological Studies—Same Outcome but Less Power
Authors: Faresjö Tomas , Faresjö Åshild
Published: January 2010

This study aimed to analyze the possible resemblance or difference in outcome in a case-control study of quality of life for IBS patients compared to controls free from the disease, when a matching procedure for age and sex was applied for the control group compared to when all participating subjects were included in the control group. The main result was that almost the same and identical results were found irrespective of whether matching or not matching was applied in this epidemiological case-control study. The matching procedure however, slightly diminished the statistical power of the results.
Surface Modification of Biomedical and Dental Implants and the Processes of Inflammation, Wound Healing and Bone Formation
Authors: Stanford Clark M.
Published: January 2010

Bone adaptation or integration of an implant is characterized by a series of biological reactions that start with bone turnover at the interface (a process of localized necrosis), followed by rapid repair. The wound healing response is guided by a complex activation of macrophages leading to tissue turnover and new osteoblast differentiation on the implant surface. The complex role of implant surface topography and impact on healing response plays a role in biological criteria that can guide the design and development of future tissue-implant surface interfaces.
Roy et al. On Two Novel Parameters for Validation of Predictive QSAR Models. Molecules, 2009, 14, 1660-1701
Authors: Roy Partha Pratim , Paul Somnath , Mitra Indrani , Roy Kunal
Published: January 2010

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: [...]
A Device for Automatically Measuring and Supervising the Critical Care Patient’S Urine Output
Authors: Otero Abraham , Palacios Francisco , Akinfiev Teodor , Fernández Roemi
Published: January 2010

Critical care units are equipped with commercial monitoring devices capable of sensing patients’ physiological parameters and supervising the achievement of the established therapeutic goals. This avoids human errors in this task and considerably decreases the workload of the healthcare staff. However, at present there still is a very relevant physiological parameter that is measured and supervised manually by the critical care units’ healthcare staff: urine output. This paper presents a patent-pending device capable of automatically recording and supervising the urine output of a critical care patient. A high precision scale is used to measure the weight of a commercial urine meter. On the scale’s pan there is a support frame made up of Bosch profiles that isolates the scale from force transmission from the patient’s bed, and guarantees that the urine flows properly through the urine meter input tube. The scale’s readings are sent to a PC via Bluetooth where an application supervises the achievement of the therapeutic goals. The device is currently undergoing tests at a research unit associated with the University Hospital of Getafe in Spain.
Maintaining Healthy Hands
Authors: Daniels Susan M.
Published: January 2010

Frequent handwashing is an excellent way to prevent the spread of illness during cold and flu season, although it often takes a heavy toll on the skin of the hands. A few simple strategies can help protect hands from the dryness and irritation that can result from repeated exposure to water, soap, and harsh winter weather.
J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(1):14–15.
Log Books: A Tool to Promote Reflective Practice in Workshops
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: January 2010

Log books are effective tools for reflecting on learning.
J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(1):16.
Twenty Years of Experience With a Clinical Ladder: A Tool for Professional Growth, Evidence-Based Practice, Recruitment, and Retention
Authors: Pierson Margaret A. , Liggett Charlotte , Moore Kim S.
Published: January 2010

A clinical ladder program was introduced in a 257-bed facility 20 years ago. The program, developed by nurses for nurses, has evolved as integral to the facility's recruitment and retention, professional development, and evidence-based practice initiatives. This clinical ladder program has been used to encourage staff nurses to reach outside of their comfort zone to develop new skills. In this way, it has served as a means to identify leadership potential as a tool toward succession planning. The program provided evidence for the institution's Magnet designation (2004) and again for its bid for redesignation in 2008.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(1):33–40.
Feasibility of Using Technology to Disseminate Evidence to Rural Nurses and Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Jerome-D'Emilia Bonnie , Merwin Elizabeth , Stern Steven
Published: January 2010

Background:

Rural African American women receive less frequent mammography screening and die of breast cancer at a higher rate than is seen in the general population. To overcome this disparity, it is necessary to assist rural providers in their efforts to influence women to obtain screening.

Method:

This study examined the feasibility of using distance education to disseminate knowledge about timely and appropriate mammography screening to rural nurses, using patient outcome data to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention.

Results:

Overall, there was a decline in referrals and mammography screening, but the intervention group centers showed a smaller decline after the educational intervention than did the control group.

Conclusion:

The findings show the effect of dissemination of information and the feasibility of using patient outcome data for educational evaluation. Neighboring academic health centers and nursing schools should include in their mission the provision of educational programs for relatively isolated rural nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(1):25–32.
Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in Dementia-Specific and Traditional Assisted Living
Authors: Kang Hyunwook , Smith Marianne , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Ellingrod Vicki , Schultz Susan K.
Published: January 2010

With the rapid growth of the assisted living (AL) industry, the number of AL residences providing dementia care continues to increase. The purpose of this article is to describe and compare demographic characteristics; frequency and type of psychiatric diagnoses; level of cognition, depression, and anxiety symptoms; and use of psychotropic medication among older adults in dementia-specific assisted living (DSAL) and traditional assisted living (TAL) residences. Secondary analysis of screening data collected during a cross-sectional, descriptive pilot project compared 18 participants from two DSAL facilities and 28 participants from three TAL facilities. DSAL participants with dementia were more cognitively impaired than TAL participants with dementia (
p
< 0.001) and used more antipsychotic (67%), anxiolytic (60%), antidepressant (53%), and cognitive-enhancing (87%) medications. No statistically significant differences in demographic factors or levels of anxiety or depression were observed among residents in either setting.
Dissecting Dementia, Depression, and Drug Effects in Older Adults
Authors: Sherrod Roy Ann , Collins Angela , Wynn Stephanie , Gragg Monika
Published: January 2010

As adults age, many changes in functioning occur, and dementia and/or depression may develop. Medications used to manage dementia and depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The challenge for nurses is recognizing which behaviors, signs, and symptoms are the result of the dementia or depression and which are the result of the drug therapy. The purpose of this article is to present information to increase awareness of the complexities of care for older adults with dementia and/or depression and identify possible implications for practicing nurses.
7 Habits of Highly Effective: Psychiatric Nurse Authors
Authors: McGuinness Teena M. , McElroy Ellen
Published: January 2010

There is a pressing need for psychiatric nurse authors to write about their professional image as well as issues they face in clinical practice. In this article, two psychiatric nurses describe how using Covey's
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change
can serve as a framework for increasing writing productivity. In addition, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
®
can increase awareness of and appreciation for the strengths and differences in each author's writing style. Using these tools, writing can become a process of discovery.
Evaluating the Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of Generic Medications
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: January 2010

By law, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is permitted to approve generic versions of brand-name medications without necessarily requiring that research be conducted to prove them safe and effective, provided that a number of criteria are met. The most important criterion is bioequivalence.
Bioavailability
refers to the rate and extent to which the active ingredient is absorbed from a drug product. Maximum drug concentration (Cmax) is the parameter used to characterize the absorption rate. The area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) is the parameter used to characterize the extent of drug absorption.
Bioequivalence
means that there is an equivalent rate and extent of absorption of the same active ingredient from two or more drug products. For a generic drug to be approved, both Cmax and AUC must vary only within a certain limited range compared with those for the brand name medication. Information about generic and pharmaceutical alternative drugs can be found in the Orange Book and via Drugs@FDA.
TRITOXA FLEXA WIED., THE BLACK ONION FLY (ORTALIDAE, DIPT.)
Authors: Chittenden F. H.
Published: January 2010

The black onion fly was observed as an eneniy of onions as early as 1865, but no positive published records of similar injuries were brought to the writer's knowledge until more recent years. This fly is a native species, and although recorded as occurring in New Jersey, it has not attracted attention save in the States of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and there are, therefore, reasons for believing that it is practically restricted, at least as a pest, to the middle western region and does not extend very far east or south of the states mentioned.
A NEW CANADIAN MOSQUITO (CULICIDAE)
Authors: Hearle Eric
Published: January 2010

The writer has had by him for some years a sniall series consisting of both sexes of an interesting mosquito taken on one of the small coastal islands near Victoria, British Columbia. Description has been postponed from time to time in the hope that further specimens, together with larvae, would indicate the status of this species in relation to another form occurring commonly in the mountains, and interior and northern parts of the province. Since there seems little chance of these being secured at present it is thought best to offer a name and describe the species at this time.
NOTES ON INSECTS BRED FROM NATIVE AND CULTIVATED FRUIT TREES AND SHRUBS OF SOUTHERN MANITOBA
Authors: Bird Ralph D.
Published: January 2010

An investigation of the insects living upon the fruit trees and shrubs growing in the neighbourhood of Treesbank, Man., was carried on during the summers of 1924; 1925 and 1926. The following list arranged by orders includes all the insects observed, with notes on their food plants and general time of occurrence in the adult stage, together with those species found already breeding on cultivated fruits.
NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE FOUR-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER, EULIA QUADRIFASCIANA FERN. (LEPID.)
Authors: Frost S. W.
Published: January 2010

The four-banded leaf-roller, Eulia quadrifasciana Fern., is very closely related and similar in habits to the red-banded leaf-roller, Eulia velutinana Walk. It was described by Fernald (1882) as Lophoderus quadrifasciana but was later placed in the genus Eulia by Kearfott (1905). Fernald (1908) put Lophoderus Steph., in synonymy with Eulia Hubn. For at least eight years following the original description it seems to have attracted little attention. Sanderson (1904) recorded it for the first time as a pest of apple in Delaware. The same year Fletcher (1900) reported it somewhat abundant in Canada. Subsequently it has been recorded from Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Illinois and it is apparently common throughout north eastern United States. It has been found somewhat common in Pennsylvania by the writer (1922) who mentions it in connection with Eulia mariana Fern., as a pest of apple.
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE SETON LAKE REGION, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

In the early summer of 1926 I spent nearly two months in the vicinity of Lillooet, B. C., a typical “dry-belt” locality, studying the insect fauna of this region. My headquarters were at Craig Lodge, at the east end of Seton Lake, a large body of water about three miles west of Lillooet draining into the Fraser River through Seton Lake Creek, which is joined about a mile to the east by the larger Cayoosh Creek, entering from the south through the deep and precipitous Cayoosh Canyon. The general nature of the country has already been ably indicated by Mr. R. Glendenning in a paper on the Fauna and Flora of Mt. McLean which appeared in the Proceedings of the British Columbia Entomological Society for 1921.
A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF APHODIUS OF HORN'S SERIES I-b (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The series I-b of Aphodius was erected by Dr. Horn for those of our species which have the fore tibia punctate on the anterior face and the first segment of the anterior tarsus longer than the second. Horn including two species, rubeolus and stercorosus, in this group, overlooking the fact that two additional species known to him, lentus and tenuistriatus, possessed these characters. Subsequently, troglodytes and campestris were described by Hubbard and Blatchley respectively. The present paper includes the six species noted above and adds two which are described as new. Aphodius canadensis Garnett, described as a member of this group, is omitted, for in it the anterior tibia is impunctate, the first segment of the anterior tarsus is shorter than the second, and the pronotal side margins are explanate; the species is a member of series I-a.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ORTHO-TYLUS FIEBER (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE)
Authors: Knight Harry H.
Published: January 2010

Allied to basicornis Kngt., but easily distinguished by the much larger size, shorter rostrum which only attains posterior margin of sternum, and by the fuscous markings of the male.