bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of the G20 Institutional Dynamics (2008-2021)
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Larionova Marina
Published: September 2022

The Group of 20 (G20) brought together leaders of the key advanced and emerging market countries to manage the 2007–08 financial and economic crises, reform the international architecture, devise a new global consensus, ensure recovery, and promote strong, sustainable, and balanced growth. Established as an anti-crisis mechanism and designated by its members as a premier forum for international economic cooperation, the G20 transformed into a global governance hub. Since its first summit, the G20 has generated high expectations and has become a subject of research and assessment for analysts, mass media, and the general public. Each summit’s deliberations, decisions, and engagements have been scrutinized. Critics of the G20 claim it has lost relevance and was not capable of responding to the degradation of multilateralism, or the COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis it induced. In this article, the logic of historical institutionalism is applied to explore the confluence of dynamics in the G20’s evolution: demand for G20 leadership; agenda expansion and institutionalization; and legitimation, accountability, and engagements. It is concluded that the G20 changed global governance trends, creating a more inclusive global governance that integrates the G20’s own extensive and diverse cooperation networks with the networks of the other international institutions and engagement groups involved in G20 policy processes. The networked governance, alongside the rotating presidency, the Troika, and various outreach mechanisms, augment the G20’s authority and reduce the legitimacy gap perception. The benefits from the early decisions, established and expanding agenda, patterns of engagement, cognitive scripts, embedded ideas, and internalized norms became strong endogenous sources of stability, reinforced in positive feedback loops. Despite tensions between members, the value that the G20 provides and the global public goods it generates, real and expected returns, constitute significant incentives for the G20’s continued engagement, sustain its evolving dynamics, and consolidate its path-dependency. The downside of the G20’s resilience is its inability to undertake innovative initiatives in the wake of COVID-19 or to provide the powerful leadership the world needed to overcome the pandemic and the related economic and social crises. Notwithstanding these failures, the G20 remains the crucial hub of contemporary global economic governance. However, the lock-in may entail the risk of losing relevance to other institutions.
Development online models for automatic speech recognition systems with a low data level
Authors: Mamyrbayev ОZh , Oralbekova DO , Alimhan K , Othman M , Zhumazhanov B
Published: September 2022

Speech recognition is a rapidly growing field in machine learning. Conventional automatic speech recognition systems were built based on independent components, that is an acoustic model, a language model and a vocabulary, which were tuned and trained separately. The acoustic model is used to predict the context-dependent states of phonemes, and the language model and lexicon determine the most possible sequences of spoken phrases. The development of deep learning technologies has contributed to the improvement of other scientific areas, which includes speech recognition. Today, the most popular speech recognition systems are systems based on an end-to-end (E2E) structure, which trains the components of a traditional model simultaneously without isolating individual elements, representing the system as a single neural network. The E2E structure represents the system as one whole element, in contrast to the traditional one, which has several independent elements. The E2E system provides a direct mapping of acoustic signals in a sequence of labels without intermediate states, without the need for post-processing at the output, which makes it easy to implement. Today, the popular models are those that directly output the sequence of words based on the input sound in real-time, which are online end-to-end models. This article provides a detailed overview of popular online-based models for E2E systems such as RNN-T, Neural Transducer (NT) and Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (MoChA). It should be emphasized that online models for Kazakh speech recognition have not been developed at the moment. For low-resource languages, like the Kazakh language, the above models have not been studied. Thus, systems based on these models have been trained to recognize Kazakh speech. The results obtained showed that all three models work well for recognizing Kazakh speech without the use of external additions.
Single cell survival assay v1
Authors: Li Hanqin
Published: September 2022

This protocol describes the experimental procedure used to measure single cell survival rates post nucleofection of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). General Notes: 1. Throughout these protocols, the term hPSC is used to collectively refer to both hiPSCs and hESCs. All described procedures have been tested and work equally well for hiPSCs and hESCs.
Mollusk pedal mucus effects on epilithic biofilms v2
Authors: Maria Arboleda-Baena Clara
Published: September 2022

Protocol used in the article “Hidden interactions in the intertidal rocky shore: variation in pedal mucus microbiota among marine grazers that feed on epilithic biofilm communities”. PeerJ
FACTORS INFLUENCING DIGITAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AMONG B40 CHILDREN LIVING AT THE PUSAT PERUMAHAN RAKYAT (PPR)
Authors: Mohamed Shafizan , Wok Saodah , Wan Ghazali Wan Norshira , Mohd. Nasir Nur Shakira
Published: September 2022

In Malaysia, the B40 indicates the percentage of the country's lowest-income population, sometimes known as the "Bottom 40 percent." While the Malaysian government is doing everything it can to integrate the B40s in all of its policies, one of the most difficult challenges it faces is ensuring that the B40s are up to date with the present needs of information and communication technologies. More particular, poverty frequently deprives children of positive and useful digital media experiences and skills, as well as other opportunities. These children typically do not have access to digital media and are therefore unable to fully appreciate the possibilities offered by digital technologies. This study aims to investigate the current level of digital literacy among children living in Pusat Perumahan Rakyat (PPR), a segment of the B40 group that includes children from three PPRs in the Klang Valley area. A phone survey was conducted among 308 children from three PPRs in the Klang Valley area. The Digcomp framework for digital competency was used in this study to assess the children's digital skills, with a particular emphasis on the digital problem-solving skill. Based on their informational and operational abilities, safety and security skills, communication skills, and digital participation, as well as problem-solving skills, the children were deemed to be of moderate competence. They, on the other hand, are lacking in terms of content creation and innovation. The researchers discovered that the children's problem-solving skills are significantly influenced by their other digital-literacy skills, according to the findings. The study closes by recommending the development of more inclusive digital literacy programs that are attentive to the socio-cultural milieu in which Malaysian children are raised.
GEOPOLITIK MELAKA DAN PILIHAN POLITIK PENGUNDI DALAM PILIHAN RAYA DUN MELAKA 2021
Authors: Awang Besar Junaidi
Published: September 2022

Politik Negeri Melaka terkenal sebagai kubu kuat BN sejak sebelum merdeka hingga PRU 2013. Namun pada PRU 2018, Melaka jatuh kepada parti pembangkang iaitu PH. 22 bulan selepas PH memerintah Melaka maka jatuh pula Kerajaan PH dan ditubuhkan Kerajaan BN+PN. Kemudian pada 4 Oktober 2021, empat orang ADUN kerajaan menarik sokongan mereka dan menyatakan sokongan untuk membentuk Kerajaan baharu yang diterajui PH. Namun pada 5 Oktober 2021, Yang Dipertua Negeri Melaka pula membubarkan DUN untuk diadakan satu pilihan raya baharu. Pilihan raya baharu tersebut diadakan dan akhirnya BN menang dengan majoriti dua pertiga. Keputusan pilihan raya tersebut menghasilkan pola pengundian yang menarik untuk dikaji hasil daripada keputusan politik pengundi Melaka. Justeru adalah menjadi tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menganalisis geopolitik Melaka dan pilihan politik pengundi dalam PRU DUN Melaka 2021. Berdasarkan analisis data keputusan PRU DUN Melaka 2021, pemerhatian di lapangan dan analisis sumber sekunder, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kemenangan BN, kekalahan PH dan sokongan pengundi yang signifikan kepada PN dalam pilihan raya menghasilkan landskap politik yang menarik untuk dikaji. Pilihan raya tersebut menunjukkan bahawa peratus keluar mengundi jatuh berbanding PRU 2018 kerana wabak pandemik COVID-19, rakyat bosan dengan aktiviti politiking ahli politik yang tidak berkesudahan dan tiada manfaat bagi mereka untuk turun mengundi. Oleh itu, perubahan pola sokongan pengundi dan kejatuhan peratus keluar mengundi tersebut menunjukkan trend luar biasa yang menarik untuk dianalisis oleh pengkaji politik dan diambil pengajaran oleh pimpinan politik menuju pilihan raya umum akan datang.
Curriculum Personalization through the Application of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
Authors:   Limited liability company Interda, Moscow, 117639, Russian Federation, Ermilov E. E. , Postnyi A. V. ,   Limited liability company Interda, Moscow, 117639, Russian Federation
Published: September 2022

Individual curriculum Personalization contributes to improving the education quality. It takes into account the individual issues of each student and changes the program accordingly. This article discusses the application of recommender algorithms and Markov decision-making process to the problem of making an individual students schedule. The algorithm is based on the collected historical data of assessments both to identify the most effective lesson chains among all students, and to combine individual lesson chains.
New Insights on Subsurface Geology and the San Andreas Fault at Loma Prieta, Central California
Authors: Fuis Gary S. , Catchings Rufus D. , Scheirer Daniel S. , Bauer Klaus , Goldman Mark , Earney Tait E. , Lin Guoqing , Zhang Edward
Published: September 2022

The 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake is the first major event to occur along the San Andreas fault (SAF) zone in central California since the 1906 M 7.9 San Francisco earthquake. Given the complexity of this event, uncertainty has persisted as to whether this earthquake ruptured the SAF itself or a secondary fault. Recent work on the SAF in the Coachella Valley in southern California has revealed similar complexity, arising from a nonplanar, nonvertical fault geometry, and has led us to reexamine the Loma Prieta event. We have compiled data sets and data analyses in the vicinity of the Loma Prieta earthquake, including the 3D seismic velocity model and aftershock relocations of Lin and Thurber (2012), potential field data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey following the earthquake, and seismic refraction and reflection data from the 1991 profile of Catchings et al. (2004). The velocity model and aftershock relocations of Lin and Thurber (2012) reveal a geometry for the SAF that appears similar to that in the Coachella Valley (although rotated 180°): at Loma Prieta the fault dips steeply near the surface and curves with depth to join the moderately southwest-dipping main rupture below 6 km depth, itself also nonplanar. The SAF is a clear velocity boundary, with higher velocities on the northeast, attributable to Mesozoic accretionary and other rocks, and lower velocities on the southwest, attributable to Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the La Honda block. Rocks of the La Honda block have been offset right-laterally hundreds of kilometers from similar rocks in the southern San Joaquin Valley and vicinity, providing evidence that the curved northeast fault boundary of this block is the plate boundary. Thus, we interpret that the Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on the SAF and not on a secondary fault.
Misclassification and biased estimates of adult hepatitis B immune prevalence in the United States
Authors:   , Vader Daniel Timothy , Evans Alison A.
Published: September 2022

Two key measures used to estimate the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B virus among adults in the United States are self-reported vaccination and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Both of these may be thought of as surrogate measures of immunity to hepatitis B virus given that they do not directly measure immunity itself. Misclassification of immune status when using these measures may lead to incorrect estimates of hepatitis B immunity in the U.S., and the impact of this misclassification may be greater in some demographic groups than others. This dissertation is presented in a three-paper format, starting with broad questions about misclassification and moving to increasingly narrow questions. Aim 1 investigates shared patterns of misclassification across multiple self-reported health conditions. We conceptualize these patterns as being associated with one another through latent classes of response, and use latent class analysis to examine whether observed patterns match our hypothesis. Aim 2 uses national survey data and a Bayesian approach to misclassification correction to re-estimate the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B virus in the United States. Finally, Aim 3 investigates the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B virus among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders living in the Philadelphia area. In both Aim 2 and Aim 3, the impact of bias on estimates of immunity within different demographic subgroups is compared.
Management of patients with left main stem stenosis in Iceland 2010-2020: PCI or CABG
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reynisdóttir Heiðrún Ósk , Kristjánsdóttir Margrét Kristín ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Mogensen Brynjólfur Árni ,   Department of Cardiology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Andersen Karl ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Cardiology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Guðbjartsson Tómas ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland,  Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Sigurðsson Martin Ingi ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Guðmundsdóttir Ingibjörg J ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Cardiology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has been standard treatment for patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) but percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be a good alternative. Our aim was to evaluate revascularization of LMCAD-patients in Iceland and treatment changes in recent years. We also assessed the impact of patient background factors on treatment choice and long-term survival. Methods: This retrospective, population-based registry-study analyzed data from the SCAAR-SWEDEHEART database. Patients with significant LMCAD on coronary angiography in Iceland 2010-2020, without previous history of CABG or contraindication for surgery were enrolled. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to study long-term survival and COX-regression analysis to adjust for predictor variables. Findings: Of 702 LMCAD patients, 195 were treated with PCI, 460 with CABG and 47 with medical therapy. The widest age-range was in the PCI group and the mean age was highest in the medical therapy group. Patients with LMCAD and concomitant three vessel disease or heart valve disese were mostly treated with CABG (76.1% and 84.4%). The majority of patients with LMCAD only were treated with PCI, as well as patients presenting with STEMI or in cardiogenic shock (67.1% and 70.0%). The proportion of patients treated with PCI increased from 19.8% in 2010-2015 to 42.7% in 2016-2020. There was no significant difference in survival between the PCI and CABG-groups (p=0.41). Conclusions: In patients with LMCAD the main factors determining treatment choice are age, anatomical complexity and acuteness. There has been a significant increase in LMCAD patients treated with PCI.
A Study on the Response to Cybercrime Threatening K-Webtoon
Authors:   The Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University, Lee Won Sang
Published: September 2022

As K-webtoons receive worldwide attention, Korea's status is increasing, and the Korean webtoon industry is also developing. Along with that, however, cybercrime attacking K-webtoons is also on the rise. Until now, the issue of K-webtoon infringement has been dealt with only for copyright infringement. However, from now on, it should be dealt with in terms of economic crime and cybercrime. The problem is that Korean criminal justice has limitations in responding to cybercrime. This is because the current legal system was built on the basis of analog society. Therefore, in this paper, we examined the current status and type of cybercrime attacking K-webtoons, limitations of current laws, and countermeasures. As a result, the K-Webtoon industry should continuously monitor crime damage and calculate the scale of damage more accurately. The government should strengthen public relations and monitor related crimes. In particular, investigative agencies should strengthen international investigation cooperation and strengthen punishment by treating the crime as an organized crime. The legislature should come up with a law that can deal with the problem of illegal webtoon servers as economic crimes and introduce legal grounds to recover criminal profits. And measures should be legislated to allow investigative agencies to respond appropriately to cybercrime, such as online search.
Korea stands tall as a mainstream of world culture. One of them is the K-Webtoon. However, cybercrime is threatening the K-Webtoon. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to respond appropriately to the cybercrime. Citizens should continue to pay attention to the threat posed by K-webtoons. In addition, countermeasures against cybercrime should be discussed in the public debate. This is not just a problem for K-Webtoon writers or their industries. The legislature, the government, and all the Korean people should solve it together.
Retrospective study on maternal outcome in referred obstetric patients in government Doon medical college
Authors: Chauhan Monica , . Roopal , Kochhar Neetu
Published: September 2022

Background: The referral system forms an integral component of any health care system, for providing essential obstetric care to women during pregnancy and childbirth. The study was conducted with an objective to identify the pattern of obstetric referrals to Doon female hospital, government Doon medical college, primary reason for referral, delay in referral, clinical course, mode of management and outcome.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study. All the referred obstetric cases were analyzed for the cause of referral, place of referral and outcome for the period of 6 months from October 2021 to march 2022.Results: In our study we found total 486 obstetric patients were referred. Maximum referred patients were in the age group of 20-30 years and 61% referrals were from Dehradun district 12.96% of cases were delayed referrals.Conclusions: Our study revealed that illiteracy and ignorance is the major factor that contributes to poor pregnancy outcome. Need of the hour is to train health care workers at primary and secondary health care center in essential and emergency obstetric care so as to avoid unnecessary referrals and reduce burden on tertiary health care hospitals and decrease in the frequency of delayed referrals so as to improve the maternal and fetal outcome.
Detection of siderophore production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in patients of Ujjain M.P. (India)
Authors: Bhonsle Kaina , Vyas Alka , Vyas Harish , Abhiraj  , Hemwani Kirti
Published: September 2022

Urinary tract infection is most frequently found bacterial infection in urinary tract of human beings and 75-95% of urinary tract infections are caused by uropathogenic . The uropathogenic bacteria produces several virulence factors, siderophore is one of them. Siderophore is iron acquisition protein and play significant role in pathogenicity of UTI’s by helping uropathogenic bacteria to persist in urinary tract of host cells in adverse conditions.

The study was conducted at SRL laboratory in Ujjain Center from November 2018- October 2019. Midstream urine sample of suspected UTI patients were collected and was isolated and identified using standard microbiological procedure and after incubation, growth was observed. Colonies more than 10cfu/ml were considered as significant for UTI and detection of siderophore production in uropathogenic bacteria was done by using Chrome Azurol Assay (CAS).

Out of 200 collected urine sample in 120 urine samples uropathogenic bacteria was identified and isolated. Among 120 isolates of siderophore production was observed in 48 isolates of , and their percentage was 40%.

Iron acquisition protein or siderophores are a major virulence factor necessary for pathogenesis of UTI caused by and CAS assay is the most efficient method for detection of siderophore production in uropathogenic
Rare case of neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhimurium: A case report
Authors: Jitendranath Ashish , Subhash Kiran , Bai J T Ramani , Luke Moby Sara
Published: September 2022

Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella species, though rare, can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Amongst the different species of Salmonella, most commonly presents as a case of gastroenteritis. We present a case of a newborn with sepsis, who was treated successfully and had recovered.
Rhizopus microsporus pulmonary sepsis: Case report and review of literature
Authors: K Umamaheswari , R Gnanasekar , Kumar Sadagopan
Published: September 2022

The incidence of opportunistic fungal infection, mucormycosis associated with high mortality rate is steadily increasing. Pulmonary mucormycosis though rare, it relatively affects individuals with diabetes mellitus and other immunosuppressive conditions. The present study reports on case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus.

Sputum sample was collected from a 47-year-old male with diagnosed with tuberculosis with spontaneous left sided pneumothorax and diabetes mellitus. The positive fungal culture was characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods and antifungal susceptibility of the isolate was tested against azoles and amphotericin B.

The etiological agent was identified as R. microsporus based on phenotypic features and molecular sequencing of ITS. The isolate was susceptible to all the tested antifungal and the patient responded well to Amphotericin B with strict glycemic control and combination of anti-infective therapy.

Though pulmonary mucormycosis is relatively rare; it share its clinical picture with pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis, hence clinical suspicion for mucormycosis in susceptible high risk patients is warranted for early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
Measuring God through science: A review of christian prayer as complementary medicine
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia
Published: September 2022

Prayer is paramount in the spiritual welfare and development of an individual. Prayer is also considered a form of complementary alternative medicine if employed in primary healthcare delivery.

This paper examines if God can be measured based on the impact Christian activities have on humanity, and explores the impact of Christian activities such as prayer as a form of complementary medicine.

This paper presents a review of the empirical literature.

Christian activities such as prayer, as ordered by God, have many health benefits such as better sleep, less stress, mood stabilizing, improvements in cardiovascular symptoms, and improvements from physical illnesses.

The impact of prayer as a Christian activity is not only biblical but also scientifically confirmed.
Correlation between trunk control and upper extremity function in subjects with cerebral palsy
Authors: Darji Priya Prafulkumar , Diwan Shraddha J
Published: September 2022

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is prevalent disability starting in early childhood characterized as a series of difficulties caused by Central Nervous System lesions. Motor and secondary musculoskeletal problems are seen in CP. The trunk plays an important role in the organization of postural control, balance and also provides free movement of upper limb but in subjects with CP may challenge by manual skills such as fine motor activities and may also have difficulty in maintaining trunk control.

: Aim of the study was to assess and investigate the correlation between trunk control and upper limb function in subjects with cerebral palsy.

Cross sectional study was conducted in which 34 Subjects from SBB College of physiotherapy, SVP hospital and private clinics were taken. Subjects diagnosed with any clinical type of either gender aged 6 to 15 years CP with Gross Motor Functional Classification System level Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, were included and recent trauma or surgery of upper extremity and spine (less ˂ 6 months) were excluded in the study by convenient sampling. After taken consent, Trunk Control Measurement scale (TCMS) were filled up by primary therapist and ABILHAND kids Gujarati version questionnaires were filled up by parents personal interview.

: Data analysis for 34 subjects was done by using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft excels 2019. For data screened nonparametric Spearman correlation co˗ efficient test was used with level of significance kept at 5%.

Results showed that there is strong positive correlation between trunk control and upper limb function (r ₌ 0.773 p ₌ 0.05) in subjects with cerebral palsy.

Study concluded that Trunk Control is highly correlated with upper limb function in subjects with CP. Therefore, it is important in NeuroRehabilitation applications to improve upper limb function along with control of trunk.
Cross sectional descriptive study to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sharma Pradeep Kumar , Jukkarwala Anis , Mehta Vinod Kumar , Waghralkar Mandar
Published: September 2022

Epilepsy is the commonest neurological condition affecting people of all ages, race and social class. Patients with epilepsy have two to three times higher risk of mortality compared to general population. The role of epilepsy as a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease is of interest.

To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with epilepsy.

This is a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects were selected from patients attending the epilepsy outpatient clinic of a single tertiary centre (GMCH, Udaipur) during the period of 15 months from January 2021 to March 2022. Fasting blood samples were drawn from them to estimate fasting blood glucose and fasting lipid profile.

: Males constituted two thirds of the subjects. Average age was 32.5 years. Mean duration of treatment was 13.6 years (range 3–48 years). 51.9% were on monotherapy. Valproate was used in 33 of the 45 (73.33%) patients. In localization related epilepsy, the commonest drug was carbamazepine used in 57.48%. Eight of the enrolled patients had diabetes mellitus and 35 had impaired fasting glucose. Systemic hypertension was detected in 11.5% patients. No significant association was noted between drug use and cardiovascular risk factors – diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia. Very significant association was noted on lipid profile for carbamzepine, phenytoin and clobazam.

Antiepileptic medications, especially valproate and carbamazepine have significant effects on the lipid profile and abdominal obesity in patients on treatment. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent among adult patients <50 years of age with epilepsy compared to the general population in the same age group. This difference could be related to the effect of the antiepileptic medications, especially valproate. There is a need to monitor patients on antiepileptic medications regularly for development of dyslipidemia and obesity.
Moyamoya disease associated with aneurysm –Cerebral ischemia in patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Shah Gaurav , Mewada Tushit , Baxi Vivek
Published: September 2022

Moyamoya disease is cerebrovascular disease with stenosis of intracranial arteries and formation of multiple random collateral blood vessels at basal cistern. It can present as hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Aneurysm in moyamoya disease is very rare, which can rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage and secondary vasospasm leading to ischemia of cerebral lobes. We present a case of young woman with Moyamoya disease presenting with Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of basilar artery aneurysm, later developing cerebral cortical infarct.
FLUORO-DOPA pattern in Kleine Levin syndrome
Authors: Solav Shrikant V , Savale Shailendra V , Solav Aman Shrikant , Balani Suresh Lajpatrai
Published: September 2022

Kleine Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive sleep with or without associated symptoms such as hyperphagia, abnormal behavior, cognitive dysfunction. Symptoms are cyclical and usually affect adolescents. Onset of symptoms is usually rapid and may last for days or weeks. The exact cause of KLS is unknown though it shows features of affection of hypothalamus that controls sleep, appetite and body temperature. There have been reports of viral infections preceding KLS raising a possibility of autoimmune response. Presented here is a six years old patient who had features of KLS. The FDG PET CT scan revealed hypometabolism in the thalami quite characteristic of the entity. F-DOPA scan revealed physiologic expression of dopaminergic activity in the neostriatum. However, the over-expression of dopaminergic activity in the right basi-frontal cortex and medial temporal lobe was also noted. The nigrostriatal, mesocortical, mesolimbic, tuberomammillary pathways are known dopamine transmitters. This case report attempts to explain the reason for dopaminergic expression in these regions in KLS.
Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder – A review
Authors: Ephraim Rena , Rajendran Sreelakshmi , Dhanya K B  , Mridhul M U
Published: September 2022

Autism is a disorder that is increasing many folds in incidence and is now considered an epidemic. There are no objective ways to confirm the disorder. Diagnosis is formed subjectively, supported by the perceived behavior of the subject. Therapeutic interventions have better results when started early in life in autism spectrum disorder, yet diagnosis often remains delayed, partly because it mainly relied on identifying abnormal behaviors which will be delayed or not emerge until the disorder is well established. Even so, many promising areas of research have disclosed abnormal biological processes that are related to ASD. Biomarkers that are identified on children who are at risk during the pre-symptomatic period can assist with early diagnosis, confirm behavioral observations, stratify patients into subgroups, and predict therapeutic response. Knowledge of the numerous biomarkers of ASD is important as it can go a long way in the early diagnosis of the condition and some may predict response to specific treatments. Through this review, we intend to give an insight into various biomarkers of ASD that have to date been established for its diagnosis and intervention. It's likely that biomarkers should be combined with other parameters to be effective to identify ASD early and guide proper therapeutic interventions.
Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets recylced using different methods: An in-vitro study
Authors: Mulla Faisal Ayub , Shaikh Waheed Ahmed , Kalia Ajit
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of recycling orthodontic metal brackets by sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles of different sizes and by laser blow method after first and second rebonding /recycling.

 120 human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into four groups. 40 MBT prescription Orthodontic metallic brackets were bonded on the buccal surface of the samples. Brackets were recycled by sandblasting with 3 different particles size and laser. Debonding of all brackets was performed using a universal testing machine and shear bond strength was determined. Brackets were examined under Field emission scanning electron microscope from each group at each level to compare the surface characteristic of new and rebonded brackets. Data were analyzed with paired test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests.

The shear bond strength of group I (sandblasted with 25µm alumina) was significantly higher at the end of 1st recycling compared to group II(50 µm) and III(100 µm) but it was comparable to group IV(laser) at the end of 1st recycling. Group IV showed clinically significant higher shear bond strength compared to group II and III after 1st and 2nd recycling. The shear bond strength for group II and III (sandblasted with 50 and 110µm alumina) was significantly much lower after 2nd recycling as compared to new i.e., Control (p value<0.001⁎⁎⁎).

25µm alumina sandblasting and Er-YAG laser blow method obtained better results after three successive recycling. Overall sandblasting emerged as the best method to recycle the orthodontic brackets.
Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children
Authors: Astari Erwina Maya , Indriyanti Ratna , Sasmita Inne Suherna , Soewondo Willyanti , Primarti Risti Saptarini
Published: September 2022

Malocclusion diagnosis can be established through history taking, clinical examination, and evaluation of diagnostic records in the form of study models, clinical photographs, and cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric radiograph is an important data for evaluating the craniofaciodental relationship and for assessing the soft tissue matrix. The purposes of this study were to describe the position of the sagittal lip based on Jefferson's class I, II, and III classification of skeletal malocclusions, as well as, to see the relationship between the skeletal classification and the position of the sagittal lip in children.

The research method used was analytic cross-sectional, consisting of 90 secondary data of pediatric patients (age 8-12 years) at RSGM, Padjadjaran University, Bandung. This study used Jefferson's analysis to determine the skeletal classification and Sushner's analysis to determine the position of the sagittal lips. The data then were analyzed using Kendall Concordal analysis and Spearman Rank correlation.

The results showed that the sagittal lip position in the three skeletal malocclusions was more protrusive than the normative value. There was a statistically significant relationship between the skeletal malocclusion class and the position of the upper and lower lip (at 80%, p-value = 5.69E-32 <0.05).

The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship between the classification of skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III and the sagittal lip position in children.
Prosthodontic rehabilitation in patient with post COVID-19 rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis - A case report
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Kumar Varun , Kesavan Aishwarya
Published: September 2022

Mucormycosis usually occurs in patients with compromised immune system, and also in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, with rampant use of corticosteroids owing to the deadly triad of COVID-19 infection. The involvement in the maxillary region may need to be surgical resected and the debridement of the necrosed areas can lead to extensive maxillary defects which can create difficulties in the patient’s normal function.

This case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with post COVID-19 rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis.
Mnemonic strategy for multiple choice question formulation- quick guide to medical educators
Authors: Bogam Rahul Ramesh , Bougmiza Mohamed Iheb
Published: September 2022

Multiple choice question (MCQ)/item is one of the common objective type of questions, which is being used extensively in most of the examinations. If MCQ is constructed in appropriate way, it can be an effective and efficient way to assess learning outcomes. Multiple guidelines are available from various resources regarding construction of MCQ/item. The objective of this paper was to provide simplified and easy to remember guidelines of MCQ writing to medical teachers; so that they can easily practice into their regular teaching activities. The following MCQ writing guidelines are given in mnemonic form so that teachers/readers can easily memorize without any difficulty.
Paradiplomacia universitaria como auxiliar de la paradiplomacia municipal desde la gobernanza
Authors: Añorve Añorve Daniel , Díaz Pérez Fernando , Muñoz Ramírez Emiliano
Published: September 2022

Los acuerdos de hermanamiento son los instrumentos de cooperación descentralizada más utilizados por los gobiernos locales. La realidad sugiere que suelen ser instrumentos con poca utilidad práctica. A través de un cuestionario se analiza la gestión e implementación de los acuerdos de hermanamiento por parte de 20 gobiernos municipales de Guanajuato y Oaxaca, México. Los resultados identifican una baja prioridad y atención por parte de los gobiernos municipales. Se sugiere que la paradiplomacia universitaria puede coadyuvar, desde el modelo de gobernanza, planteado por Hufty, a una mejor gestión e implementación de los acuerdos de hermanamiento.
The Narration of Basqaq Akhmat’s Settlements and Its Place in the Rus Annalistic Writing c. 1300
Authors: Guimon Timofey
Published: September 2022

The paper is dedicated to the narration of the terrible events in the region of Kursk in the south-eastern periphery of Rus in the Rus annals (the earliest and the only reliable version of which is represented by the Laurentian and the Symeon chronicles). A conflict took place between a Tatar official (basqaq of Kursk) and two Rus princes, in the course of which many were killed including the princes in question. This narration is placed in the annals s. a. 1283—1284 although the events most probably took place in 1289—1290, as it has been shown by Vladimir Kuchkin. The author of the present paper argues that, firstly, the narration was not a local record from the region of Kursk but a report made for (and maybe by order of) some higher authority, most probably Metropolitan Maksim. Secondly, the place occupied by the narration in the annalistic text (at wrong dates but exactly between the end of Rostov material and the start of Tver one) prompts a reconstruction of the making of the “annalistic compilation of 1305”. The latter appears to have been not a one-time enterprise but a manuscript consisting of at least three parts written at different occasions.
Movement for Finnish Autonomy: from the “Great Petition of the Sejm” of 1904 to the Manifest of 22 October 1905
Authors: Bahturina Alexandra
Published: September 2022

The article examines the history of the creation of the manifesto of 22 October 1905 “On the transformation of the supreme laws of Finland”. The appearance of the manifesto is connected both with the revolutionary events in Finland in October 1905 and with previous political conflicts. The role of the leaders of the constitutionalist party, including L. Michelin, in the preparation of the manifesto is indicated. It is shown that the development of the manifesto was carried out against the background of a political struggle between various Finnish political groups. Based on the documents of the Finnish Governor-General I. M. Obolensky, the author concludes that during the First Russian Revolution, the attitude of the autocracy towards the representatives of the constitutionalist party changed. They started to be recognized as the most promising force for stopping revolutionary actions.
History through Personality: the Romans on Imitation, Borrowing and Interpreting of Predecessor’s Texts
Authors: Petrova Maya
Published: September 2022

The paper raises and discusses the problem of the attitude of Roman authors to the practice of imitating the texts of their Latin and Greek predecessors; as well as to their interpreting of the plots of early works and borrowing from them. Based on ancient sources (including the texts of Suetonius, Cicero, Macrobius and others), an attempt is made to answer the questions whether it is possible to speak of plagiarism in relation to Antiquity and how the Romans themselves treated this phenomenon. Through the analysis of Macrobius’ The Saturnalia, it is demonstrated how the controversy around the texts of Virgil was built in Antiquity. It is noted why, despite extensive borrowings, the works of Roman authors were considered as original ones.
The State as a Personality: Tradition and Main Trends of Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Gutorov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes various aspects of the interpretation of the concepts of personification of the state in modern political philosophy and political science. In particular, it is emphasized that, in purely theoretical terms, the paradoxes associated with numerous theoretical attempts to identify a “political personality” with the state go back to the philosophy of the early modernity. In their original form, they were very clearly presented by Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan and his other political writings. The immediate source of much of the theoretical debates in modern scientific and philosophical literature are the Hobbesian definitions of the personality and the state in chapters 16 and 17 of Leviathan. The authors examine in detail the complex process of analytics of the Hobbesian legacy in the works of M. Oakeshott, Q. Skinner, D. Runciman, F. Pettit, A. Abizadeh, D. Gauthier, B. Holland, S. Fleming and other scientists and political theorists, focusing especially on the continuity between Hobbesian political philosophy and ancient tradition (Plato, Aristotle, Thucydides, Roman Stoics). A number of complex issues related to the interpretation of the personification of the state in modern political philosophy and international political theory are studied in detail. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of theoretical discussions between supporters of political realism and constructivism (N. G. Onuf A. Wendt, F. Kratochwil, R. Schuett, R. Pettman, R. Oprisko, K. Kaliher, etc.).
Christian Michelsen and his Role in the Norwegian History
Authors: Sadova Lyudmila
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the place and role of the figure of the Norwegian politician Christian Michelsen in the history of Norway. In 1905, the Swedish-Norwegian union was unilaterally dissolved by the Norwegian government. The accumulated contradictions between Sweden and Norway over the previous years led to an extreme aggravation of relations between the two countries. The events of 1905, rapidly succeeding each other, required the Norwegian authorities to quickly adapt and make the same swift decisions in sometimes uncertain and full of anxiety and doubt situations. The Prime Minister of Norway in 1905, Ch. Michelsen, received the status of a national leader and hero even during his time in power. The author sets himself the task of revealing the degree of influence of the personality of the Norwegian politician on the course of historical events at the indicated time. As sources, materials from the Russian archives were used, as well as publications of documents from the Storting and verbatim abstracts of the Karlstad Conference. Based on the source and historiographic, it is concluded that, due to a number of personal qualities, the figure of Michelsen largely met the needs of the time, and he undoubtedly had a strong influence on the political line chosen by the Norwegian authorities. However, it is doubtful that Michelsen followed a well-thought-out plan of action that determined the development of history.
The Drama of Russian Westernism: the Social Ideal in the Novel by Ivan Turgenev “Smoke”
Authors: Prokudin Boris
Published: September 2022

Turgenev's novel “Smoke” is written in the genre of satire. It presents a caricature of russian revolutionaries and reactionaries of the 1860s. For a long time, literary critics have been arguing which of them Turgenev ridicules more. In this article we will change the angle of view. We will try to reconstruct the system of social views of 1865—1867 years in Russia, outlined in the novel. The main hypothesis of this article is that Turgenev during this period had seen the danger of merging slavophiles and socialists into a single coalition of «samobytniki». This coalition opposed the liberals. It defended the backward rural community, rejected the achievements of western civilization and hindered liberal reforms in Russia. In the novel «Smoke» Turgenev contrasted the program of «samobytniki» with the program of russian westernism.
The Implementation of the Conscription System in Colonial Joseon and the kamishibai: Based on the narrative and painting of the family register report
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, Kwon heeju , Kim Eunkyung
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the use of kamishibai for propaganda and the introduction of the family register to facilitate the draft of Koreans after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The examinations is based in particular on the narratives and paintings of the newly discovered 1943 works from the Joseon Development Association, Revolutionary of My Brother and Return of Father.
First, these works emphasize the relationship with real life. Although the family register was introduced for the purpose of the draft, the Japanese government encouraged Koreans to register, citing that the register was closely related to economic interests such as education, property inheritance, and distribution of daily necessity. Actually, considering that there were Koreans who reported increases in the number of family members, regarding the register as a basic survey for the distribution of wartime daily necessities at the time, profits from property would have been an advantage that cannot be ignored.
Second, the role of the father is emphasized in both examples of Kamishibai. It can be said that, in Japan's family system, the head of the family is given the authority to control the family members. In these works, the father, the head of family, plays the most important role in determining the future of his son and daughter. It can be said that this ensured the legitimacy of the draft and facilitated physically mobilizing the people by guaranteeing rather than limiting the authority of the head of the family.
Third, the kamishibai works emphasizes that the draft is the way to become a legitimate citizen and be protected by the state. For Koreans, the draft was an exploitation they want to avoid, but the Japanese imperialisrs stated that by becoming a soldier, a person could become a true Japanese and a man, and that people would be protected by the state when performing military duties. Both works feature a soldier, or a son who wants to become a soldier, who demonstrates the duty of Koreans to serve in the military by demonstrating the attitude that the family of the soldier and the family of the son should have towards state policy, such as registering themselves in the family register.
The appearance of a Korean protagonist who is based on a true story, or based in reality, was a very necessary storyline for Japan at the time and was also a role model requested by Koreans. These kamishibai works can be said to have standardized the life of individuals, who are not categorized as a “subjects” of imperial Japan but specifically embody and present the appearance of the subjects in life.