bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated CAD-to-BIM generation of restroom sanitary plumbing system
Authors: Shin Minso , Park Seonghun , Koo Bonsang , Kim Tae Wan
Published: March 2024

Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) system experts often have difficulties in converting their designs, in computer-aided design (CAD), into building information models (BIMs) owing to excessive repetitive work, lack of BIM skilled workers, frequent BIM recreations, etc. Therefore, this study aimed to formalize the CAD-to-BIM process of MEP systems, focusing on sanitary plumbing system, including soil, drain system, hot water supply, and cold water supply system. Each system’s process is composed of a combination of the following five common modules: pipeline processing module, pipe connection module, initial level setting module, addition riser nipple module, and clash resolution module. Consequently, a prototype developed based on the formalized process produced a sanitary plumbing BIM model that is identical to the CAD drawings and has no clashes. This study contributes to the MEP BIM theory by identifying considerations for CAD-to-BIM conversion of sanitary plumbing system and formalizing the process reflecting them.
Fasting in Early Sufi Literature
Authors: Khalil Atif
Published: March 2024

This article offers an analysis of conceptions of fasting in early Islamic spirituality. By drawing on the literature of Sufism, with special attention to the writings of al-Sarrāj (d. 378/988), al-Makkī (d. 386/996), al-Kharkūshī (= Khargūshī; d. 407/1016), al-Hujwīrī (d. ca. 465/1071), al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072) and al-Sīrjānī (d. 470/1077), it thematically outlines (1) the value placed on fasting in early tradition, (2) the dangers believed to lie in the practice, and finally, (3) the need to transcend, in the final scheme of things, any attachment one may form with it, through ‘detachment from detachment’. In the process, the article aims not only to decipher and make sense of the various aphorisms and stories that make up the early literature of taṣawwuf, but also to resolve their apparent contradictions.
A new Mexican endemic species of yellow-eared bat in the genus Vampyressa (Phyllostomidae, Stenodermatinae)
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S T , Hernández-Canchola Giovani , León-Paniagua Livia , Tavares Valéria da C
Published: March 2024

Bats from the genus Vampyressa Thomas, 1900 are known from a relatively small number of individuals in Mexico. Through recent collecting efforts in southwestern Mexico, we detected several previously unknown populations of Vampyressa, which appeared to represent a lineage independent from but closely related to V. thyone. Here, we describe this lineage as a new species of the genus Vampyressa from the Mexican states of Guerrero and Oaxaca. The new species is currently known from at least 8 collected specimens and 3 released individuals from 8 localities, and can be differentiated from V. pusilla and V. thyone based on pelage and skull characters, size, mitochondrial Cytochrome b, and nuclear Recombination-activating gene 2 sequence data. The new species has been captured mainly in the lowlands but occurs along a wide altitudinal range from 150 to 2,200 m above sea level. Most of the records of the new species are from west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, which evidences a new case of a phylogenetic break at this biogeographic barrier. The genus Vampyressa now includes 6 species, and Mexico expands its position as the country with the largest number of endemic bats in the Neotropics, totaling 20 endemics.
Enhancing access to digital justice: digital governance of dispute resolution and dispute prevention in online commercial activities
Authors: Zhao Yun , Chen Hui
Published: March 2024

This article examines relevant theories and practices concerning the strengthening of access to digital justice and explores pathways to expanding the application of online dispute resolution (ODR) to dispute prevention in online commercial activities. It focuses on how to enhance both efficiency and fairness in four stages of commercial activities, namely, deal-making (contract formation), contract performance, dispute resolution, and the enforcement of final results. At the deal-making stage, the application of e-signatures is analysed with respect to the prevention of compliance and security risks. The best practices of smart contracts and blockchain technology are also investigated to promote relevant innovative designs in the digital governance of online contract performance. In addition, top-down and bottom-up ODR platforms are compared in terms of their respective patterns for enhancing efficiency and fairness, as well as their differing potential for institutionalization. Finally, existing ODR self-enforcement models are explored, with emphasis on the ‘preauthorization’ model and the example of Taobao.
Delayed duodenal/gastric fistula resulting in persistent perihepatic abscesses as a late complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Vu Phuong , Daneshvar Meelod , Chintanaboina Jayakrishna , Fathi Amir
Published: March 2024

Since the early 1990’s, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic gallbladder disease. Although the incidence of postoperative complications is generally lower with this approach, gallbladder perforation represents a serious risk that is among the most common complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The sequalae that can follow iatrogenic perforation have not been well documented and only a few case reports exist in the current literature. In this paper we discuss two case reports of delayed perihepatic abscesses following prior laparoscopic cholecystectomy, ultimately resulting in fistulous tracts. The course of the disease is discussed along with the diagnostic workup and eventual successful management of the aforementioned complications. Treating enteric fistulae requires a systematic approach and is carried out in phases. Enteric fistula formation following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a rare complication of retained gallstones that can present months to years following the index operation. Significant care should be taken to avoid perforation and all efforts should be made to retrieve stones if spillage occurs.
Battle of the Bands: The Psalter vs. Demonic Noise
Authors: Abbott Philip
Published: March 2024

When scholars discuss the use of the Psalms in early Christianity, they typically underscore how the Psalter functioned as an instrument to harmonize the self with the divine. In other words, the Psalms transformed Christian readers, allowing them to internalize the Gospel and exorcize their inner demons. This article argues, however, that there is a more externalized aspect of apotropaism to the Psalter in the writings of Athanasius. According to the bishop of Alexandria, the Psalter had real prophylactic power against embodied evil forces. Conceptualizing the Book of Psalms as an aural incarnation of Jesus that anticipated his physical incarnation, Athanasius believed that the Psalter contained Christ’s presence and could be employed to drive demons out of their strongholds and Christianize the landscape. In his Life of Antony, Athanasius’ Antony uses the Psalter in this manner as he advances into demonic territory and threatens demonic hegemony. In response, demons launch sonic attacks of their own on the great ascetic, producing a terrible cacophony. More than mere distraction, this demonic noise signifies resistance to the shifting power dynamics in the unseen realm. Thus, Life of Antony recounts a holy battle of the bands, where Christ via the Psalter competes with the devil and his motley crew of noisy demons.
Root topological order drives variation of fine root vessel traits and hydraulic strategies in tropical trees
Authors: Zhang Guangqi , Fortunel Claire , Niu Shan , Zuo Juan , Maeght Jean-Luc , Yang Xiaodong , Xia Shangwen , Mao Zhun
Published: March 2024

Vessel traits contribute to plant water transport from roots to leaves and thereby influence how plants respond to soil water availability, but the sources of variation in fine root anatomical traits remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the variations of fine root vessel traits along topological orders within and across tropical tree species. Anatomical traits were measured along five root topological orders in 80 individual trees of 20 species from a tropical forest in southwestern China. We found large variations for most root anatomical traits across topological orders, and strong co-variations between vessel traits. Within species, theoretical specific xylem hydraulic conductivity (Kth) increased with topological order due to increased mean vessel diameter, size heterogeneity, and decreased vessel density. Across species, Kth was associated with vessel fraction in low-order roots and correlated with mean vessel diameter and vessel density in high-order roots, suggesting a shift in relative anatomical contributors to Kth from the second- to fifth-order roots. We found no clear relationship between Kth and stele: root diameter ratios. Our study shows strong variations in root vessel traits across topological orders and species, and highlights shifts in the anatomical underpinnings by varying vessel-related anatomical structures for an optimized water supply.
Imposters among us: globular cluster kinematics and the halo mass of ultra-diffuse galaxies in clusters
Authors: Doppel Jessica E , Sales Laura V , Benavides José A , Toloba Elisa , Peng Eric W , Nelson Dylan , Navarro Julio F
Published: March 2024

The velocity dispersion of globular clusters (GCs) around ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Virgo cluster spans a wide range, including cases where GC kinematics suggest haloes as massive as (or even more massive than) that of the Milky Way around these faint dwarfs. We analyse the catalogues of GCs derived in post-processing from the TNG50 cosmological simulation to study the GC system kinematics and abundance of simulated UDGs in galaxy groups and clusters. UDGs in this simulation reside exclusively in dwarf-mass haloes with M200 ≲ 1011.2 M⊙. When considering only GCs gravitationally bound to simulated UDGs, we find GCs properties that overlap well with several observational measurements for UDGs. In particular, no bias towards overly massive haloes is inferred from the study of bound GCs, confirming that GCs are good tracers of UDG halo mass. However, we find that contamination by intracluster GCs may, in some cases, substantially increase velocity dispersion estimates when performing projected mock observations of our sample. We caution that targets with less than 10 GC tracers are particularly prone to severe uncertainties. Measuring the stellar kinematics of the host galaxy should help confirm the unusually massive haloes suggested by GC kinematics around some UDGs.
Bioorthogonal labeling and profiling of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) modified RNA
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Hongling , Chen Shasha , Li Yinan , Guo Yuyang , Chen Xiaoqian , Wang Sheng , Wang Li , Gan Youfang , Zhang Shusheng , Zheng Ya Ying , Sheng Jia , Zhou Zhipeng , Wang Rui
Published: March 2024

Chemical modifications in RNAs play crucial roles in diversifying their structures and regulating numerous biochemical processes. Since the 1990s, several hydrophobic prenyl-modifications have been discovered in various RNAs. Prenyl groups serve as precursors for terpenes and many other biological molecules. The processes of prenylation in different macromolecules have been extensively studied. We introduce here a novel chemical biology toolkit that not only labels i6A, a prenyl-modified RNA residue, by leveraging the unique reactivity of the prenyl group, but also provides a general strategy to incorporate fluorescence functionalities into RNAs for molecular tracking purposes. Our findings revealed that iodine-mediated cyclization reactions of the prenyl group occur rapidly, transforming i6A from a hydrogen-bond acceptor to a donor. Based on this reactivity, we developed an Iodine-Mediated Cyclization and Reverse Transcription (IMCRT) tRNA-seq method, which can profile all nine endogenous tRNAs containing i6A residues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with single-base resolution. Furthermore, under stress conditions, we observed a decline in i6A levels in budding yeast, accompanied by significant decrease of mutation rate at A37 position. Thus, the IMCRT tRNA-seq method not only permits semi-quantification of i6A levels in tRNAs but also holds potential for transcriptome-wide detection and analysis of various RNA species containing i6A modifications.
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure
Authors: Nardone Massimo , Sridhar Vikas S , Yau Kevin , Odutayo Ayodele , Cherney David Z I
Published: March 2024

Volume overload represents a hallmark clinical feature linked to the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Alleviating signs and symptoms of volume overload represents a foundational HF treatment target that is achieved using loop diuretics in the acute and chronic setting. Recent work has provided evidence to support guideline-directed medical therapies, such as sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists, as important adjunct diuretics that may act synergistically when used with background loop diuretics in people with chronic HF. Furthermore, there is growing interest in understanding the role of SGLT2 inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, and MR antagonists in treating volume overload in patients hospitalized for acute HF, particularly in the setting of loop diuretic resistance. Thus, the current review demonstrates that: (i) SGLT2 inhibitors and MR antagonists confer long-term cardioprotection in chronic HF patients but it is unclear whether natriuresis or diuresis represents the primary mechanisms for this benefit, (ii) SGLT2 inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and thiazide diuretics increase natriuresis in the acute HF setting, but implications on long-term outcomes remain unclear and warrants further investigation, and (iii) a multi-nephron segment approach, using agents that act on distinct segments of the nephron, potentiate diuresis to alleviate signs and symptoms of volume overload in acute HF.
Epidemiology, Timing, and Secondary Prophylaxis of Recurrent Nocardiosis
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A , Khodadadi Ryan B , Chesdachai Supavit , McHugh Jack W , Challener Douglas W , Wengenack Nancy L , Bosch Wendelyn , Seville Maria Teresa , Beam Elena
Published: March 2024

Background

Nocardia tends to cause infection in immunocompromised patients or those with chronic pulmonary disease. Nocardia is known to recur, prompting the practice of secondary prophylaxis in patients perceived at high risk. However, few data exist regarding the epidemiology of recurrent nocardiosis or the effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis.

Methods

We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with nocardiosis from November 2011 to April 2022, including patients who completed primary treatment and had at least 30 days of posttreatment follow-up. Propensity score matching was used to analyze the effect of secondary prophylaxis on Nocardia recurrence.

Results

Fifteen of 303 (5.0%) patients developed recurrent nocardiosis after primary treatment. Most recurrences were diagnosed either within 60 days (N = 6/15, 40.0%) or between 2 to 3 years (N = 4/15, 26.7%). Patients with primary disseminated infection tended to recur within 1 year, whereas later recurrences were often nondisseminated pulmonary infection. Seventy-eight (25.7%) patients were prescribed secondary prophylaxis, mostly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (N = 67/78). After propensity-matching, secondary prophylaxis was not associated with reduced risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, .24–3.83), including in multiple subgroups. Eight (53.3%) patients with recurrent nocardiosis required hospitalization and no patients died from recurrent infection.

Conclusions

Recurrent nocardiosis tends to occur either within months because of the same Nocardia species or after several years with a new species. Although we did not find evidence for the effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis, the confidence intervals were wide. However, outcomes of recurrent nocardiosis are generally favorable and may not justify long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for this indication alone.
SULTR2;1 Adjusts the Bolting Timing by Transporting Sulfate from Rosette Leaves to the Primary Stem
Authors: Soudthedlath Khamsalath , Nakamura Toshiki , Ushiwatari Tsukasa , Fukazawa Jutarou , Osakabe Keishi , Osakabe Yuriko , Maruyama-Nakashita Akiko
Published: March 2024

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and metabolism. SULTR2;1 is a low-affinity sulfate transporter facilitating the long-distance transport of sulfate in Arabidopsis. The physiological function of SULTR2;1 in the plant life cycle still needs to be determined. Therefore, we analyzed the sulfate transport, S-containing metabolite accumulation and plant growth using Arabidopsis SULTR2;1 disruption lines, sultr2;1–1 and sultr2;1–2, from seedling to mature growth stages to clarify the metabolic and physiological roles of SULTR2;1. We observed that sulfate distribution to the stems was affected in sultr2;1 mutants, resulting in decreased levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and total S in the stems, flowers and siliques; however, the GSH levels increased in the rosette leaves. This suggested the essential role of SULTR2;1 in sulfate transport from rosette leaves to the primary stem. In addition, sultr2;1 mutants unexpectedly bolted earlier than the wild-type without affecting the plant biomass. Correlation between GSH levels in rosette leaves and the bolting timing suggested that the rosette leaf GSH levels or limited sulfate transport to the early stem can trigger bolting. Overall, this study demonstrated the critical roles of SULTR2;1 in maintaining the S metabolite levels in the aerial part and transitioning from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase.
Design of functional intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Garg Ankush , González-Foutel Nicolas S , Gielnik Maciej B , Kjaergaard Magnus
Published: March 2024

Many proteins do not fold into a fixed three-dimensional structure, but rather function in a highly disordered state. These intrinsically disordered proteins pose a unique challenge to protein engineering and design: How can proteins be designed de novo if not by tailoring their structure? Here, we will review the nascent field of design of intrinsically disordered proteins with focus on applications in biotechnology and medicine. The design goals should not necessarily be the same as for de novo design of folded proteins as disordered proteins have unique functional strengths and limitations. We focus on functions where intrinsically disordered proteins are uniquely suited including disordered linkers, desiccation chaperones, sensors of the chemical environment, delivery of pharmaceuticals, and constituents of biomolecular condensates. Design of functional intrinsically disordered proteins relies on a combination of computational tools and heuristics gleaned from sequence-function studies. There are few cases where intrinsically disordered proteins have made it into industrial applications. However, we argue that disordered proteins can perform many roles currently performed by organic polymers, and that these proteins might be more designable due to their modularity.
Whole-Body Vibration to Improve Physical Function Parameters in Nursing Home Residents Older Than 80 Years: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Reverte-Pagola Gonzalo , Seixas Adérito , Masud Tahir
Published: March 2024

Objective

Loss of functional independence is more likely in older adults who reside in an institution as a consequence of a decline in muscle mass and a loss of force production capacity. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) interventions on the strength, balance, and mobility of nursing home residents older than 80 years.

Methods

An electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was conducted. Randomized controlled trials that involved nursing home residents older than 80 years, that investigated WBV interventions compared with nonintervention, usual care, or placebo, and that measured physical function outcomes including strength, balance, gait, and mobility were included. Risk of bias was assessed by 2 reviewers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The standardized mean differences (SMD) between the experimental and control groups were calculated with a random-effects model for each outcome, and subgroup analysis was conducted for different outcomes.

Results

In total, 2864 articles were identified; of these, 14 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that WBV significantly increased the lower limb muscle strength (SMD = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.03), mobility (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.81), gait score (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.51), balance (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.81), and physical performance (SMD = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.33 to 2.33).

Conclusion

WBV may be an effective intervention to improve the strength, balance, mobility, walking ability, and physical performance of older nursing home residents.

Impact

WBV presents a safe, accessible alternative for improving health in this vulnerable population, warranting further research and integration into health care practices.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map
Authors: Duval D , Evans B , Sanders A , Hill J , Simbo A , Kavoi T , Lyell I , Simmons Z , Qureshi M , Pearce-Smith N , Arevalo C R , Beck C R , Bindra R , Oliver I
Published: March 2024

Background

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were crucial in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, although uncertainties about their effectiveness remain. This work aimed to better understand the evidence generated during the pandemic on the effectiveness of NPIs implemented in the UK.

Methods

We conducted a rapid mapping review (search date: 1 March 2023) to identify primary studies reporting on the effectiveness of NPIs to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Included studies were displayed in an interactive evidence gap map.

Results

After removal of duplicates, 11 752 records were screened. Of these, 151 were included, including 100 modelling studies but only 2 randomized controlled trials and 10 longitudinal observational studies.

Most studies reported on NPIs to identify and isolate those who are or may become infectious, and on NPIs to reduce the number of contacts. There was an evidence gap for hand and respiratory hygiene, ventilation and cleaning.

Conclusions

Our findings show that despite the large number of studies published, there is still a lack of robust evaluations of the NPIs implemented in the UK. There is a need to build evaluation into the design and implementation of public health interventions and policies from the start of any future pandemic or other public health emergency.
A Quantitative Trait Locus on Maize Chromosome 5 Is Associated with Root-Knot Nematode Resistance
Authors: Davis Richard F. , Harris-Shultz Karen , Knoll Joseph E. , Krakowsky Matthew , Scully Brian
Published: March 2024

This study provides the first report of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in maize ( Zea mays) for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (SRKN) ( Meloidogyne incognita). The SRKN can feed on the roots of maize in the U.S. Southern Coastal Plain region and can cause yield losses of 30% or more in heavily infested fields. Increases in SRKN density in the soil may reduce the yield for subsequently planted susceptible crops. The use of maize hybrids with resistance to SRKN could prevent an increase in SRKN density, yet no genetic regions have been identified that confer host resistance. In this study, a B73 (susceptible) × Ky21 (resistant) S5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was phenotyped for total number of eggs (TE) and root weight. This population had been genotyped using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By utilizing the SNP data with the phenotype data, a single QTL was identified on chromosome 5 that explained 15% of the phenotypic variation (PV) for the number of eggs and 11% of the PV for the number of eggs per gram of root (EGR). Plants that were homozygous for the Ky21 allele for the most associated marker PZA03172.3 had fewer eggs and fewer EGR than the plants that were homozygous or heterozygous for the B73 allele. Thus, the first QTL for SRKN resistance in maize has been identified and could be incorporated into maize hybrids.
Secreted in Xylem (SIX) Gene SIX9 Is Highly Conserved in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Race 4 Isolates from Cotton in the United States
Authors: Jobe Timothy O. , Urner Michael , Ulloa Mauricio , Broders Kirk , Hutmacher Robert B. , Ellis Margaret L.
Published: March 2024

Many Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales produce small, infection-dependent effector proteins called “secreted in xylem” (SIX) proteins. These proteins are secreted into the xylem of a plant during the infection process and are thought to promote virulence. In this study, a collection of Fusarium oxysporum isolates composed primarily of different races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) was screened for the presence of 14 SIX effector genes ( SIX1 to SIX14). Our results showed that some of the most virulent FOV races, FOV4 and FOV7, share a common SIX effector: SIX9. This effector is largely absent in other FOV races in North America, making SIX9 a potential target for rapid detection of these highly virulent FOV strains and enabling race-specific FOV quantification in infected host plants.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Nationwide Survey Study of Recovery Community Centers Supporting People in Recovery From Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Hoeppner Bettina B. , Simpson Hazel V. , Weerts Catherine , Riggs Marion J. , Williamson Alivia C. , Finley-Abboud Diadora , Hoffman Lauren A. , Rutherford Philip X. , McCarthy Patty , Ojeda Julia , Mericle Amy A. , Rao Vinod , Bergman Brandon G. , Dankwah Akosua B. , Kelly John F.
Published: March 2024

Objective

The medical community has become aware of its role in contributing to the opioid epidemic and must be part of its resolution. Recovery community centers (RCCs) represent a new underused component of recovery support.

Methods

This study performed an online national survey of all RCCs identified in the United States, and used US Census ZIP code tabulation area data to describe the communities they serve.

Results

Residents of areas with RCCs were more likely to be Black (16.5% vs 12.6% nationally, P = 0.005) and less likely to be Asian (4.7% vs 5.7%, P = 0.005), American Indian, or Alaskan Native (0.6% vs 0.8%, P = 0.03), or live rurally (8.5% vs 14.0%, P < 0.0001). More than half of RCCs began operations within the past 5 years. Recovery community centers were operated, on average, by 8.8 paid and 10.2 volunteer staff; each RCC served a median of 125 individuals per month (4–1,500). Recovery community centers successfully engaged racial/ethnic minority groups (20.8% Hispanic, 22.5% Black) and young adults (23.5% younger than 25 years). Recovery community centers provide addiction-specific support (eg, mutual help, recovery coaching) and assistance with basic needs, social services, technology access, and health behaviors. Regarding medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), RCC staff engaged members in conversations about MOUDs (85.2%) and provided direct support for taking MOUD (77.0%). One third (36.1%) of RCCs reported seeking closer collaboration with prescribers.

Conclusions

Recovery community centers are welcoming environments for people who take MOUDs. Closer collaboration between the medical community and community-based peer-led RCCs may lead to significantly improved reach of efforts to end the opioid epidemic.
Outcomes of Pressure Sore Surgery in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Spasticity
Authors: Negosanti Luca , Sanguinetti Giorgio , Musumeci Gaia , Bettini Francesca , Salucci Pamela , Rucci Paola , Landi Siriana , Sgarzani Rossella
Published: March 2024

Background:

Spasticity is a serious complication of spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) that affects 60%–80% of patients with this condition. The presence of spasticity can have a significant impact on the outcomes of reconstructive surgical interventions, such as those on pressure sores (PSs). Moreover, in the conservative treatment of PSs, spasticity may prevent maintaining adequate postures to avoid skin friction or traction. The aim of this study is to describe the PS reconstruction outcomes in a cohort of patients with SCI/D affected by spasticity.

Methods:

In this retrospective study of patients with SCI/D consecutively admitted to Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute between October 2013 and March 2022, 54 PSs were treated in 46 people with spasticity.

Results:

Postsurgery complications occurred in 26 of 54 treated PS, of which seven were major. Eleven patients experienced more than one complication. The overall incidence of postsurgical complications was 48.1%, and the incidence of major complications was 13%. Median length of hospital stay was 3.8 versus 1.8 months. Compared with other reports in the literature of PS reconstruction in patients with SCI/D, we found higher rates of overall, minor, and major complications.

Conclusions:

Spasticity proved to be an important condition to consider, and its treatment requires specialized physicians. The collaboration between plastic surgeons and spasticity specialists is crucial to define the best treatment to reduce postoperative complications.
Hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy: a report of multimodal imaging in three cases
Authors: Torrell-Belzach Nuria , Miere Alexandra , Souied Eric H , Gaudric Alain , Cohen Salomon Y
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To report three cases of hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy, diagnosed by multimodal imaging.

Methods:

Case report of 3 patients, 2 women and one man, aged 51, 74, and 52, respectively.

Results:

Symptoms were acute floaters, blurred vision, or central scotoma, unilateral in all cases. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the affected eye in 2 patients with a paracentral scotoma, and 20/160 in the third patient. Funduscopic examination revealed multiple unilateral posterior hemorrhages located in the Henle fiber layer in the macula and beneath the internal limiting membrane around the optic disc on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) did not show any vascular abnormalities. SD-OCT angiography (SD-OCT-A) did not show any capillary drop-out or choroidal abnormalities. In all patients, the visual symptoms completely disappeared within a few weeks, with spontaneous regression of the hemorrhages.

Conclusion:

Hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy is a rarely reported and poorly understood disorder. ICGA and SD-OCT-A did not allow better understanding the condition. No etiology has been associated with this entity so far. The spontaneous resolution of the present cases confirmed the favorable visual prognosis of the condition.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Idiopathic Orbital Myositis
Authors: Ang Terence , Tong Jessica Y. , Patel Sandy , Hardy Thomas G. , McNab Alan , Selva Dinesh
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To characterize the qualitative and quantitative features of idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM) on MRI.

Methods:

This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with active IOM with MRI. Patients with incomplete clinical records, poor-quality or interval scans without active myositis, and specific orbital myositis (i.e., orbital myositis secondary to an identified condition) were excluded. An enlargement ratio was calculated by dividing the diameters of the affected extraocular muscle (EOM) by the contralateral unaffected EOM.

Results:

Twenty-four patients (mean age: 44.4 ± 17.8 years-old, male: 11) between 2011 and 2022 were included. One case (4.2%) was pediatric (17 years old), and 6 cases presented with recurrence. Active IOM was characterized by fusiform EOM enlargement, high T2 signal, and contrast enhancement. Average maximal EOM diameters ranged from 4.6 to 7.7 mm (enlargement ratio: 1.4–2.2). Eighteen (75%) patients had single EOM involvement, most commonly the medial rectus. Other ipsilateral structures affected included focal orbital fat (16/24, 66.7%) and lacrimal gland (8/24, 33.3%). Contralateral changes in the EOM and/or lacrimal gland were observed in 7 patients (29.2%). Patients presenting with recurrence were likely to develop ongoing recurrent episodes (p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Various radiological patterns of involvement described including EOM enlargement, contrast enhancement, abnormal signal, and involvement of other orbital structures are indicative of active IOM. IOM remains a heterogeneous spectrum of acute and chronic clinico-radiological presentations. Inflammation may involve other ipsilateral or contralateral orbital structures or may be bilateral despite presenting clinically as unilateral disease. Quantitative measurements may have utility in differentiating IOM from other causes of orbital myositis.
A Scoping Review of Risk Factors of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Black Women Living in High-Income Countries
Authors: Baiden Deborah , Nerenberg Kara , Hillan Edith M. , Dogba Maman Joyce , Adombire Stephen , Parry Monica
Published: March 2024

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are maternity-related increases in blood pressure (eg, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Compared with women of other races in high-income countries, Black women have a comparatively higher risk of an HDP. Intersectionality helps to provide a deeper understanding of the multifactorial identities that affect health outcomes in this high-risk population.

Objective

In this review, we sought to explore the literature on HDP risk factors in Black women living in high-income countries and to assess the interaction of these risk factors using the conceptual framework of intersectionality.

Methods

We conducted this review using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology with enhancements from Levac and colleagues. Published articles in English on HDP risk factors with a sample of not less than 10% of Black women in high-income countries were included. Six databases, theses, and dissertations were searched from January 2000 to July 2021. A thematic analysis was used to summarize the results.

Results

A final total of 36 studies were included from the 15 480 studies retrieved; 4 key themes of HDP risks were identified: (1) biological; (2) individual traditional; (3) race and ethnicity, geographical location, and immigration status; and (4) gender related. These intersectional HDP risk factors intersect to increase the risk of HDP among Black women living in high-income countries.

Conclusion

Upstream approaches are recommended to lower the risks of HDP in this population.
Physician Perspectives on the Nonclinical Factors That Contribute to Decision-Making for Advanced Prostate Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kaye Deborah R. , Tu Karissa , Davis J. Kelly , Campagna Ada , Docherty Sharron L. , Kurnot Jeremy , Zhang Tian , George Daniel J. , Ubel Peter A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Promising new treatments exist for advanced prostate cancer. Decision-making is complicated: there are minimal comparative effectiveness data; differing routes of administration, drug mechanisms of action, and side effects; and significant price differences. These challenges contribute to variations in care and quality, treatment disparities, and lack of concordance with patient values. The aim of this study was to examine physician perspectives of factors influencing decision-making for first-line advanced prostate cancer treatments.

Methods:

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of physicians who treat patients with advanced prostate cancer from September 2021 to June 2022. Participants were purposively sampled from across the United States.

Results:

Twenty-seven physicians participated. We identified 17 domains and three overarching themes affecting physician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer care. The themes were as follows: (1) physician and practice factors affect prescribing decisions, (2) health practice resource availability affects the likelihood that patients will receive the recommended treatment and that the treatment will be in-line with patients' values, and (3) patient nonclinical factors influence physician decision-making, but patient values could be better incorporated into prescribing decisions. Based on the analyses, we constructed a preliminary framework of clinician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

Physicians perceive that nonclinical patient, physician, and practice factors affect decision-making. These factors, therefore, must be considered when implementing programs to optimize a physician's ability to provide quality cancer care, reduce health care disparities and patient financial burden, and provide patient goal concordant care. The preliminary theoretical model of clinician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer care may also be used to inform these efforts.
Detection of FLAD1 mutations and lipid storage myopathy in a 5-year-old boy: a case report study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Shojaie Layla , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:

Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive error of metabolism that causes variable mitochondrial dysfunction.

Case presentation:

At the age of 3, the patient was found to have movement problems, such as difficulty rising from a chair (Gower’s sign) and climbing stairs, which led to hospital admission and diagnosis. At the age of 4, carrier detection for spinal muscular atrophy was normal; however, at the age of 5, whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant of Chr1: 154960762: A>T c.A554T:p.D185V in exon-2 of FLAD1 gene was identified as homozygous.

Clinical discussion:

In general, it is expected that the treatment of type 2 FLAD1 gene mutation with riboflavin has a better prognosis, but these interventions may not be sufficient for the survival of the patient. Treatment with riboflavin has increased various functions, including skeletal-muscular, and cardiovascular function. As a result, like the patient in our study, the mutation in exon-2 is more severe and less responsive to riboflavin treatment.

Conclusion:

Checking the FLAD1 gene is recommended in all people with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
An Indonesian adult with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a case report
Authors: Saka Dian Dina Sholihah , Novida Hermina
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is an often overlooked and limited case with other conditions that can cause hypoventilation.

Case presentation:

An Indonesian female, 22 years old, always feels sleepy, has difficulty concentrating and controlling her appetite. The patient had a fever, respiratory rate of 32 ×/min, pulse rate of 115 ×/min, apathy, obesity (BMI =46.6 kg/m2), and she used oxygen therapy with a non-rebreathing mask of 10 l/min (SO2 of 89%). The patients had daytime hypercapnia & alveolar hypoventilation without other causes of hypoventilation. She was likely to have a chronic condition with relatively stable symptoms that had fallen into a state of acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. The patient used mechanical ventilation and received supportive management. After 19 days of treatment, the patient’s condition improved, and it was recommended to lose weight gradually. In 1-week post hospitalization, the patient experienced a weight loss of 5 kg.

Discussion:

Mechanical ventilation, supportive management, and decreased body weight of 25–30% gradually have improved prognosis in OHS patients. Bariatric surgery is carried out when the patient cannot lose weight with diet and exercise.

Conclusion:

OHS management includes oxygen therapy and gradually decreased body weight.
Surgical procedures for the treatment of fungal periprosthetic infection following hip arthroplasty: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Guan Yun , Zheng Hanxiao , Zeng Zhimin , Tu Yiji
Published: March 2024

Background:

There has been limited literature synthesizing the therapeutic effects of surgical procedures for fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following hip arthroplasty. The authors’ current study aims to comprehensively review and analyze those relevant literature, and carefully make recommendations for future clinical practices.

Methods:

Our current study was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Studies regarding the surgical management of fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty were collected via a thorough search of PubMed, Embase and Google scholar databases. The search was lastly performed in March 2023. Non-English language, reviews, articles with duplicated data, and articles without clear information about the type of fungal pathogens and treatment options were excluded. The authors evaluated their systematic review compliance by using AMSTAR 2 criteria and fell in moderate quality. Clinical outcomes of different surgical procedures were evaluated, and a binary logistic regression model was used to identify the risks associated with treatment failure. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS version 19.0.

Results:

A total of 33 articles encompassing 80 patients with fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty were identified. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated fungus (56.3%, 45/80). The overall treatment success was achieved in 71.1% (54/76) of the reported cases. Univariate analysis showed that the differences of success rate were not significant between publication periods, genders, ages, specimen collection methods, and fungal pathogens. Treatment success rate was 47.4% (9/19) in fungal PJI cases with bacterial co-infection, significantly lower than those without [vs. 79.0% (45/57), P=0.017]. The pooled success rate for surgical debridement, spacer implantation, resection arthroplasty, one-stage revision, and two-stage revision was 50.0% (4/8), 42.9% (3/7), 55.0% (11/20), 86.7% (13/15), and 88.5% (23/26), respectively, with significant differences between them (P=0.009). A binary logistic regression model showed that bacterial co-infection and surgical option were the two significant risk factors associated with treatment failure for fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty.

Discussion:

Regarding the surgical treatment of fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty, patients with bacterial co-infection, and those treated with surgical procedures such as debridement, spacer implantation, and resection arthroplasty should be aware of the higher risks of failure. Nonetheless, future multiple-centre cohort studies are required to establish the optimal treatment.
Brentuximab-induced pneumonitis and organizing pneumonia: a case report with literiture review
Authors: Khalil Omar R. S. , Mallah Shatha M.A. , Owda Fahed , Salim Hamza , Mallah Haneen , Azar Jehad
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti-CD30 antibody approved for various cancers, including refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) among others. In general, BV has been found to be well-tolerated, with the most frequently reported side effects being peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia. BV-induced pneumonitis is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the sixth reported instance of BV-induced lung toxicity.

Case presentation:

This case presents a female patient in her forties diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma undergoing BV treatment. She developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure, ultimately, underwent a diagnostic evaluation including a computed tomography (CT) scan, which showed bilateral airspace consolidations and ground-glass opacities, suggestive of organizing pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy ruled out infection, and pulmonary lymphoma and confirmed the diagnosis of BV-induced pneumonitis. The patient had significant clinical improvement after stopping the offending agent, and starting steroids, with optimal clinical recovery at 8 weeks follow-up.

Clinical discussion:

Drug-related pneumonitis poses a significant concern in the management of cancer patients. Numerous chemotherapeutic agents, such as bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, thalidomide, and others, have been associated with pulmonary-related toxicities. These adverse effects primarily stem from direct toxicity or immunosuppression-related infections. Less commonly, immune-mediated injury may occur.

Conclusion:

Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for BV-induced pneumonitis, hence, early recognition with subsequent holding of the causative agent, initiation of immunosuppression with steroids, and occasionally steroid-sparing medications, prevent an otherwise fatal outcome.
Effects of preterm birth, maternal ART and breastfeeding on 24-month infant HIV-free survival in a randomized trial
Authors: Dadabhai Sufia , Chou Victoria B. , Pinilla Mauricio , Chinula Lameck , Owor Maxensia , Violari Avy , Moodley Dhayendre , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Matubu Taguma Allen , Chareka Gift Tafadzwa , Theron Gerhard , Kinikar Aarti Avinash , Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa , Fairlie Lee , Bobat Raziya , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Flynn Patricia M. , Taha Taha E. , McCarthy Katie S. , Browning Renee , Mofenson Lynne M. , Brummel Sean S. , Fowler Mary Glenn
Published: March 2024

Background:

IMPAACT 1077BF/FF (PROMISE) compared the safety/efficacy of two HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens to zidovudine (ZDV) alone during pregnancy for HIV prevention. PROMISE found an increased risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) with antepartum triple ART (TDF/FTC/LPV+r or ZDV/3TC/LPV+r) compared with ZDV alone. We assessed the impact of preterm birth, breastfeeding, and antepartum ART regimen on 24-month infant survival.

Methods:

We compared HIV-free and overall survival at 24 months for liveborn infants by gestational age, time-varying breastfeeding status, and antepartum ART arm at 14 sites in Africa and India. Kaplan–Meier survival probabilities and Cox proportional hazards ratios were estimated.

Results:

Three thousand four hundred and eighty-two live-born infants [568 (16.3%) preterm and 2914 (83.7%) term] were included. Preterm birth was significantly associated with lower HIV-free survival [0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.88] and lower overall survival (0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.91) versus term birth (0.96; 95% CI 0.95–0.96). Very preterm birth (<34 weeks) was associated with low HIV-free survival (0.65; 95% CI 0.54–0.73) and low overall survival (0.66; 95% CI 0.56–0.74). Risk of HIV infection or death at 24 months was higher with TDF-ART than ZDV-ART (adjusted hazard ratio 2.37; 95% CI 1.21–4.64). Breastfeeding initiated near birth decreased risk of infection or death at 24 months (adjusted hazard ratio 0.05; 95% CI 0.03–0.08) compared with not breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

Preterm birth and antepartum TDF-ART were associated with lower 24-month HIV-free survival compared with term birth and ZDV-ART. Any breastfeeding strongly promoted HIV-free survival, especially if initiated close to birth. Reducing preterm birth and promoting infant feeding with breastmilk among HIV/antiretroviral drug-exposed infants remain global health priorities.