bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Daily Life and Medical Practice of Otolaryngology Physicians
Authors: Elzayat Saad , Elfarargy Haitham H. , Mandour Mahmoud , Mahrous Ali , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , Barbara Maurizio , Elsherief Hossam
Published: July 2022

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made otolaryngologists more susceptible than their counterparts to its effect.

Objective This study aimed to find if COVID-19 had a different impact on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians' of various categories (residents, registrars, and consultants ) regarding many aspects of the quality of life (protection, training, financial, and psychological aspects).

Methods We included 375 ENT physicians, of different categories (residents, registrars, and consultants), from 33 general hospitals and 26 university hospitals in Egypt. The study was conducted using a 20-item questionnaire with a response scale consisting of three categories: yes, no, and not sure. It covered infection control and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage; medical practice and safety; online consultation and telemedicine,; webinars and online lectures; COVID-19 psychological, financial, and quarantine period effects; and future expectations.

Results The results of the questionnaire showed that COVID-19 had a statistically significant impact on the daily life of the responders. There were statistically significant differences among the three involved categories, based on their answers.

Conclusion This study showed a statistically significant difference regarding the impact of COVID-19 on many aspects of the quality of life (protection, training, financial, and psychological aspects) of ENT physicians of various categories (residents, registrars, and consultants), and these effects may persist for a long time.
Minimally Invasive Reduction and Stabilization of Fractures of the Humeral Condyle by Skeletal Traction in Dogs: 18 Cases
Authors: Benedini Davide , Rovesti Gian Luca , Barbieri Fabio
Published: July 2022

Closed reduction or limited open reduction in conjunction with internal or external fixation has been recommended as the preferred treatment for many types of fractures, but this technique has rarely been recommended for articular fractures because of the need for anatomic alignment of articular surfaces. However, the proposed benefits of closed reduction should be applicable to articular fractures if appropriate reduction and implant placement can be achieved. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate a surgical technique for minimally invasive reduction and stabilization of fractures of the humeral condyle by means of intraoperative traction applied to the ulna under fluoroscopic guidance. Nineteen fractures of the humeral condyle in eighteen dogs were reduced by intraoperative osteotaxis applied by traction of the ulna, minimally invasive approach to the epicondyle and fracture stabilization under fluoroscopic guidance. Postoperative reduction was considered good or excellent in most fractures. This technique can be considered as a potential option for the treatment of condylar fractures, allowing for minimally invasive reduction and stabilization, thus avoiding the need for surgical exposure of the elbow joint.
Clinical Findings on Chromosome 1 Copy Number Variations
Authors: Leitão Filipa , Grangeia Ana , Pinto Joel , Passas Armanda , Dória Sofia
Published: July 2022

Copy number variants (CNVs) are a major contribution to genome variability, and the presence of CNVs on chromosome 1 is a known cause of morbidity. The main objective of this study was to contribute to chromosome 1 disease map, through the analysis of patients with chromosome 1 CNVs.

A cross-sectional study was performed using the array comparative genomic hybridization database of the Genetic Department of the Faculty of Medicine. Patients with pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) CNVs on chromosome 1 were selected for the study. Clinical information was collected for all patients. Databases and related literature were used for genotype–phenotype correlation.

From a total of 2,516 patients included in the database we identified 24 patients (0.95%) with P (9 patients) or LP (15 patients) CNVs on chromosome 1. These CNVs account for 6.1% (24/392 CNVs) of the total P/LP CNVs in the database. Most common CNVs found were in the 1q21.1–1q21.2 region.

This study reinforces the association between chromosome 1 CNV and neurodevelopmental disorders and craniofacial dysmorphisms. Additionally, it also strengthened the idea that CNVs interpretation is not always a linear task due to the broad spectrum of variants that can be identified between benign and clearly pathogenic CNVs.
Terahertz acoustic phonon Cerenkov emission in bilayer graphene
Authors: Ansari Meenhaz , Nafees Subhana , Ashraf S. S. Z. , Ahmad Absar
Published: July 2022

We present a theoretical investigation on the generation of Cerenkov emission of terahertz acoustic phonons in bilayer graphene (BLG) in the presence of a driving dc electric field. We have numerically and analytically studied the Cerenkov phonon emission spectrum, Pspectrum(ωp,θ), and phonon intensity, Pintensity(θ), dependence on the phonon frequency ωp, drift velocity vd, electron temperature Te, concentration n, and phonon emission angle θ in BLG with and without considering the chirality of the charge carriers. We find that the magnitude of Pspectrum(ωp,θ) increases at larger drift velocities and applied electric fields with the peak of the spectrum shifting toward the higher frequency side. The spectrum magnitude in BLG is found to be much enhanced as compared to conventional 2D semiconductors and transition metal dichalcogenides, which makes it viable for SASER and other practical device applications. The chiral nature of carriers strongly influences the Pspectrum(ωp,θ) behavior and sharpens the spectrum peak but with a decrease in the magnitude. The chirality favors the negative emission spectrum caused by the absorption of acoustic phonons. Pspectrum(ωp,θ) and Pintensity(θ) are found to be strongly dependent on temperature but independent of carrier concentration in the equipartition regime. The study is significant from the point of application of BLG as an acousto/optoelectronic device and high-frequency phonon spectrometers.
Digital dashboards: a speech pathology case study
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Ward Elizabeth C , Coccetti Anne , Burton Kate , Seabrook Marnie , Newnham Siobhan , McCamley Jordan , Hartley Carina
Published: July 2022

The introduction of electronic medical records has created vast opportunities in relation to data storage, visibility and extraction. In Allied Health the collection, storage, display and reporting of service statistics is a key opportunity to utilise the capabilities of the electronic medical record to reduce clinician time completing data entry, improve accuracy and visibility of available data and maximise opportunities to view and utilise service statistic information in clinical and operational decision making. This case study describes service statistic capture and extraction for a speech pathology department, pre- and post- the introduction of a digital dashboard. A new Allied Health digital dashboard was created via clinicians and informaticians working collaboratively to define service delivery elements for data extraction and design dashboard functionality. Descriptive comparison of data capture pre- and post- dashboard implementation was undertaken. The integration of service statistic information into a digital dashboard was found to support service statistic reporting, improve ease of access, and provide greater visibility and timeliness of service information.
Professional wildfire mitigation competency: a potential policy gap
Authors: Miller Rebecca K. , Richter Franz , Theodori Maria , Gollner Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Studies show that effective strategies to mitigate the risk of structural damage in wildfires include defensible spaces and home hardening. Structures in the western United States are especially at risk. Several jurisdictions have adopted codes that require implementation of these strategies. However, construction and landscaping professionals are generally not required to obtain credentials indicating their competency in mitigating the risk of structural damage in a wildfire. We discuss the implications of this policy gap and propose a solution to bolster competency of professionals in wildfire protection as communities further expand in fire-prone areas.
Language policy in Italian universities
Authors: Zuaro Beatrice , Soler Josep , Björkman-Nylén Beyza
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the significant expansion of English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes across higher education institutions outside English-speaking contexts has brought with it an inherent set of language-related tensions and ambiguities. In this article, we explore how a selection of Italian universities have tackled these tensions. Via a content analysis of university policy documents, we investigate the key language-related themes in them, and the orientations to language that these themes entail. The results show that English is seen as necessary for and almost synonymous to internationalisation, as well as a language that can bring benefits to both institutions and individuals. However, a commitment to multilingualism and to the promotion of Italian from a non-protectionist stance is apparent in the documents analysed. This finding, we argue, puts the Italian context apart from other settings that have been previously investigated (e.g. the Nordic countries), and points to an original way in which universities can navigate the language ambiguities that come with the process of higher education internationalisation.
Cosmic acceleration in Regge–Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Fabi S , Stern A , Xu Chuang
Published: July 2022

The Regge–Teitelboim formulation of gravity, which utilizes dynamical embeddings in a background space, effectively introduces a source term in the standard Einstein equations that is not attributable to the energy–momentum tensor. We show that for a simple class of embeddings of the k = −1 Robertson–Walker metric in a flat five-dimensional background, this source term generates cosmic acceleration.
Critique of the use of geodesics in astrophysics and cosmology
Authors: Mannheim Philip D
Published: July 2022

Since particles obey wave equations, in general one is not free to postulate that particles move on the geodesics associated with test particles. Rather, for this to be the case one has to be able to derive such behavior starting from the equations of motion that the particles obey, and to do so one can employ the eikonal approximation. To see what kind of trajectories might occur we explore the domain of support of the propagators associated with the wave equations, and extend the results of some previous propagator studies that have appeared in the literature. For a minimally coupled massless scalar field the domain of support in curved space is not restricted to the light cone, while for a conformally coupled massless scalar field the curved space domain is only restricted to the light cone if the scalar field propagates in a conformal to flat background. Consequently, eikonalization does not in general lead to null geodesics for curved space massless rays even though it does lead to straight line trajectories in flat spacetime. Equal remarks apply to the conformal invariant Maxwell equations. However, for massive particles one does obtain standard geodesic behavior this way, since they do not propagate on the light cone to begin with. Thus depending on how big the curvature actually is, in principle, even if not necessarily in practice, the standard null-geodesic-based gravitational bending formula and the general behavior of propagating light rays are in need of modification in regions with high enough curvature. We show how to appropriately modify the geodesic equations in such situations. We show that relativistic eikonalization has an intrinsic light-front structure, and show that eikonalization in a theory with local conformal symmetry leads to trajectories that are only globally conformally symmetric. Propagation of massless particles off the light cone is a curved space reflection of the fact that when light travels through a refractive medium in flat spacetime its velocity is modified from its free flat spacetime value. In the presence of gravity spacetime itself acts as a medium, and this medium can then take light rays off the light cone. This is also manifest in a conformal invariant scalar field theory propagator in two spacetime dimensions. It takes support off the light cone, doing so in fact even if the geometry is conformal to flat. We show that it is possible to obtain eikonal trajectories that are exact without approximation, and show that normals to advancing wavefronts follow these exact eikonal trajectories, with these trajectories being the trajectories along which energy and momentum are transported. In general then, in going from flat space to curved space one does not generalize flat space geodesics to curved space geodesics. Rather, one generalizes flat space wavefront normals (normals that are geodesic in flat space) to curved space wavefront normals, and in curved space normals to wavefronts do not have to be geodesic.
Enhancement of n-type conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride films by in-situ co-doping of silicon and oxygen
Authors: Kang Yun , Chen Le , Liu Caiyun , Tang Xuemei , Zhu Xingrui , Gao Wei , Yin Hong
Published: July 2022

Effective doping of ultra-wide band gap semiconductors is of crucial importance, yet, remains challenging. Here, we report the enhancement of n-type conductivity of nanocrystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films with simultaneous incorporation of Si and O while deposition by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The resultant h-BN films are of ∼50 nm in thickness, containing nitrogen vacancy (VN) defects. Incorporation of O together with Si results in effective healing of VN defects and significantly reduces electric resistivity in h-BN thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that under B-rich condition, the substitutional O in VN bonding with B leads to the formation of Si–N, which thus plays an important role to the n-type conductivity in h-BN films. The temperature dependent electrical resistivity measurements of the Si/O co-doped h-BN films reveal two donor levels of 130 and 520 meV at room temperature and higher temperatures, respectively. The n-h-BN/p-Si heterojunctions demonstrate apparent rectification characteristics at room temperature, where the tunneling behavior dominates throughout the injection regimes due to the effective carrier doping. This work proposes an effective approach to enhance the n-type conductivity of h-BN thin films for future applications in electronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
Enhancing directivity of terahertz photoconductive antennas using spoof surface plasmon structure
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhang Zijian , Zhang Youfei , Xie Xinrong , Yang Yumeng , Han Jiaguang , Li Erping , Chen Hongsheng , Gu Jianqiang , Sha Wei E I , Gao Fei
Published: July 2022

Terahertz photoconductive antenna (PCA) is an important device for generating ultrabroadband terahertz radiations, being applicable in various scenarios. However, the metallic electrodes in PCAs, a pair of coplanar strip lines (CSL), always produce horizontal electrode modes in a broad THz band, thus resulting in low directivity in the vertical direction. Here, we introduce spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structures to suppress horizontal electrode modes in a broad band. The suppression principles are accounted to both the forbidden band of the fundamental SSPP mode and the orthogonality between source and higher-order SSPP modes. In the SSPP-modified PCA, we achieve around 2 dBi higher directivity in the vertical direction compared to a typical CSL PCA. Unlike the narrow bands inheriting from conventional metamaterial resonators, the relative operational band of the SSPP-modified PCA is as broad as 48%. This planar SSPP structure is compatible with the well-developed micro fabrication technologies. Thus, our scheme can be combined with the semiconductor material engineering and plasmonic nanoscale structures for further increasing THz output power.
Vision-based feet detection power liftgate with deep learning on embedded device
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Chen Yingzhi , Yan Fuwu , Zhang Rui , Liao Xinjia , Wu Youhua , Sun Yunfei , Hu Dafeng , Chen Nuo
Published: July 2022

Kick-Open power liftgates are the standard configuration for most high-end SUVs and sedans in recent years, but the traditional sensor-based trunk opening systems mainly rely on detecting the distance change between foot and vehicle to monitor the users’ operation intention, which is more sensitive to interference like weather change or unintentional body movement. We proposed a novel vision-based feet position detection power liftgate system, which detects the feet’ position through a deep learning model. Its framework is based on Nanodet, and the model is quantified and then convert and deploy on the low-power embedded system. We have trained the network using our dedicated dataset that considered various situations, including various weather conditions, different illumination conditions, different types of shoes in various seasons, and various ground surfaces. The total parameters of our model are 0.7M. In the test phase, our system works at 8FPS and reached a recognition accuracy rate of 93.3%, and a recall rate of 92%. Our system can be applied to low-cost embedded devices for automobiles and show satisfying performance and reliability.
Tristan10M detector: characterization of a large area detector for time resolved experiments based on Timepix3 chip
Authors: Chen Z. , Crevatin G. , Horswell I. , Spiers J. , Omar D. , Williams S. , Tartoni N.
Published: July 2022

Tristan10M is a 10-million-pixel large area detector based on the Timepix3 ASIC. The Timepix3 ASIC can work in event driven mode in addition to the standard frame based mode. Thanks to these capabilities of the Timepix3 ASIC, the Tristan detector is ideal for time-resolved experiments. The Tristan 10M detector is organized in a 2 × 5 module matrix, each module being made up of sixteen Timepix3 chips bump-bonded to a monolithic pixelated silicon sensor. In this contribution, we will report on the status of the detector development, and characterization results in terms of threshold equalization, energy calibration, and flat-field correction. A number of initial commissioning experiments have been carried out on the small molecule single crystal diffraction beamline I19 at Diamond light source, which we will also report on here. In particular, X-ray powder diffraction from a standard sample, LaB6, was performed to evaluate the inter-module alignment based on per-module basis.
Picosecond pulsed squeezing in thin-film lithium niobate strip-loaded waveguides at telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Peace Daniel , Zappacosta Alexander , Cernansky Robert , Haylock Ben , Boes Andreas , Mitchell Arnan , Lobino Mirko
Published: July 2022

Achieving a high level of pulsed squeezing, in a platform which offers integration and stability, is a key requirement for continuous-variable quantum information processing. Typically highly squeezed states are achieved with narrow band optical cavities and bulk crystals, limiting scalability. Using single-pass parametric down conversion in an integrated optical device, we demonstrate quadrature squeezing of picosecond pulses in a thin-film lithium niobate strip-loaded waveguide. For on-chip peak powers of less than 0.3 W, we measure up to −0.33 ± 0.07 dB of squeezing with an inferred on-chip value of −1.7 ± 0.4 dB. This work highlights the potential of the strip-loaded waveguide platform for broadband squeezing applications and the development of photonic quantum technologies.
A-03 Physical Therapy Compared to a Home Exercise Program for Protracted Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion Rehabilitation
Authors: Arvin N , Price A M , Seagraves B , Knell G , Burkhart S O
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the recovery time in days between protracted recovery (greater than or equal to 28 days since injury) patients who were prescribed physical therapy and those who were prescribed a home exercise program. We hypothesized that physical therapy would be associated with shorter recovery times relative to the home exercise program. Methods: The 159 participants (aged 8–18) were drawn from an ongoing study. This study was a retrospective cohort design of sports-related concussion patients with a protracted recovery who presented to an outpatient specialty concussion clinic between 2018 and 2021, with data collected from electronic medical records. Both prescribed physical therapy (PPT) and home exercise program (HEP) patients were provided vestibular/ocular motor rehabilitation exercises to be completed at home three times per day. PPT participants must have completed at least three PPT sessions, or they were excluded from the study. Multi-variable zero-truncated negative binomial regressions were used to evaluate associations between groups. Results: Among the 48 (30.2%) PPT and 111 (69.8%) HEP participants, the majority were female (57.9%), age was 15.3 ± 1.4 (PPT) and 14.2 ± 2.8 (HEP), and days to clinic was a median 6.0 (IQR = 3.0–27.0; PPT) and 7.0 (IQR = 3.0–23.0; HEP). After adjusting for demographic (age, sex) and clinical measures (concussion history, convergence, VOMS score, and days to clinic), PPT was associated with an additional 1.21 days (95% CI: 1.06, 1.39) than HEP. Conclusions: We unexpectedly found that PPT was not associated with a shorter recovery time relative to HEP. Future research should explore this hypothesis while aiming to evaluate the effect of PPT versus HEP using a randomized design.
A-17 Effects Of Parental Mental Health On Patient and Parent-Reported Anxiety Symptoms Following Concussion In Adolescents
Authors: Gomes D , Manderino L M , Preszler J , Collins M W , Pan R , Santos J , Versace A , Kontos A P
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Examine the impact of parental mental health history on patient and patent-reported post-concussion symptoms of anxiety. Methods: Participants included 105 adolescents (42.9% male), 12–18 years old, including concussion patients (n = 72, 3.42 ± 1.7 days post-injury) and age-and-sex matched controls (n = 33). Patients and parents completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Disorders, Parent and Child versions (SCARED-P, SCARED-C) and medical histories. T-tests were used to compare control/concussed responses on the SCARED. Logistic regression (LR) was used to evaluate group predictors, as well as high/low (i.e., >21 PCSS total score) concussion symptom groups at 30 days post-injury. Results: Results indicated that concussed SCARED-C (controls: M = 7.88 SD = 7.55, concussed: M = 13.4 SD = 11.42), (t[103] = −2.53, p = 0.01) and SCARED-P (controls: M = 3.55 SD = 3.62, concussed: M = 6.72 SD = 7.12), (t[103] = −2.42, p < 0.01) scores were higher than controls. SCARED-C/SCARED-P scores were not predictive of high/low symptom report at 30 days post-injury, X2(2, n = 59) = 3.46, p = 0.18. The stepwise LR model was significant, X2(1, n = 105) = 7.34, p = 0.007; SCARED-C scores were predictive of concussion group inclusion, SCARED-P scores were not. In analyses of only patients whose parent reported a mental health history (22/105, 21%), there was no significant difference between control and patients on the SCARED-C, t(20) = −1.82, p = 0.08, or SCARED-P, t(20) = −0.34, p = 0.74. SCARED-C/SCARED-P scores did not predict control/concussion group inclusion, X2(2, n = 22) = 5.04, p = 0.08. Conclusions: SCARED-P/SCARED-C scores effectively differentiated between groups: patients and parents reported higher anxiety symptoms. The inclusion of parents with mental health diagnoses precluded the SCARED from differentiating controls from patients.
A-20 Factors Associated with Additional Clinic Visits in the Treatment of Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Hou B Q , Yengo-Kahn A M , Hajdu K S , Tang A R , Grusky A Z , Zuckerman S L , Terry D P
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To determine the variables associated with additional concussion clinic visits before discharge to athletic trainer (AT). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed at a multi-disciplinary sports concussion center. Patients were eligible if they were ages 12–23, sustained a SRC and were seen by a clinic provider between 11/01/2017 and 10/01/2020 for concussion (n = 1504), presented to clinic within 3 months of sustaining a concussion, and had negative acute head imaging. Of 524 patients, 236 were discharged to AT after the initial clinic visit, while 288 patients required additional clinic visits. The following independent variables were assessed: age, sex, initial visit symptom score, history of prior concussions, psychiatric disorders, migraines, ADHD, and learning disorders, head imaging following concussion, family history of psychiatric disorders and migraines, and ED/Urgent Care visit. The primary disposition was patients being discharged to an AT following the initial clinic visit vs. having additional clinic visits prior to discharge to an AT. Results: The additional visit group had higher initial visit symptom scores (p = 0.002), head imaging performed more frequently (p < 0.02), a family history of psychiatric disorders and/or migraines (p < 0.001), more often reported a prior concussion (p = 0.02), and was younger (p = 0.014) compared to athletes with only one clinic visit. In a multiple variable model, family history of psychiatric disorders (OR = 3.12 [95%CI 1.53–6.34], p = 0.002), prior concussions (OR = 1.39 [95%CI 1.02–1.89], p = 0.037), greater initial symptom score (OR = 1.05 [95%CI 1.03–1.06], p < 0.001), and younger age (OR = 0.87 [95%CI 0.77–0.98], p = 0.021) were strongly associated with additional visits. Conclusions: Among athletes treated at a regional sports concussion center, we determined that family history of psychiatric disorders, increased symptom score at initial visit, prior concussions, and younger age were each uniquely associated with needing additional clinic visits. Understanding these variables may guide treatment protocols to optimize efficiency.
A-21 Examining Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents Who Have Sustained Concussions
Authors: Iverson G L , Gaudet C E , Karr J E
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To identify correlates of suicidal ideation in adolescents who reported experiencing a concussion in the past year using multivariable models. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2019 Youth Behavior Risk Survey (YBRS) that included 13,677 participants, of which 1754 (12.8%) reported experiencing a concussion in the past year. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association between modifiable stress factors (e.g., insufficient sleep, bullying, poor grades, binge drinking, marijuana use, and illicit drug use) and suicidal ideation. Results: Among adolescents who experienced a concussion in the past year, 24.7% also reported suicidal ideation in the past year (31.2% of girls and 19.4% of boys). In multivariable models, only depression (OR = 9.27 for girls and 9.50 for boys) and being bullied (OR = 2.37 for girls and 2.29 for boys) showed associations with suicidal ideation in both girls and boys. Among girls, illicit drug use (OR = 2.80) and current marijuana use (OR = 2.47) also showed an association with suicidal ideation. The number of modifiable stressors was strongly associated with reporting suicidal ideation in the total sample, as follows: 0 stressors = 9.7%, 1 stressor = 21.6%, 2 stressors = 37.2%, 3 stressors = 35.5%, and 4 or more stressors = 52.8%. Conclusions: A sizeable percentage of adolescents who experienced a concussion in the past year also endorsed suicidal ideation in the past year. In multivariable models, depression showed the strongest association with endorsement of suicidal ideation in both girls and boys. A greater number of modifiable stressors was strongly associated with reporting suicidal ideation.
A-27 Stakeholder Attitudes and Perceptions regarding Concussion in Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Madden M , McGill C , Klima D W
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a public health concern with particular complexities that occur in Special Olympics (SO) because injuries and acute identification tools are not well understood for athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this study was to explore current education, recognition and management strategies among coaches and caregivers in Special Olympics North America (SONA). Methods: A descriptive survey via the Qualtrics platform was distributed to coaches and caregivers in SONA through their electronic newsletter. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Chi square frequencies. Results: Out of a total 103 returned surveys, 77 were fully completed by coaches (83%) and caregivers (17%) from 10 states. The majority of coaches (91%) completed concussion education within the last two years. Sixty-one percent of coaches reported coaching a contact or high concussion-risk sport; moreover, these coaches were more likely to recognize injuries (p = 0.02). Forty-three percent of coaches disclosed that concussions may be underreported in SO, but 72.5% agreed that concussion are serious injuries. Although coaches generally felt prepared to recognize (95%) and remove (95%) athletes with SRC symptoms, management strategies to recognize (34%) or treat (39%) SRC athletes with ID was low. Coaches described feeling less confident to manage these return-to-play decisions following injury (76%). Non-healthcare professionals were first responders for injuries during non-competition (68%) events and competition (14%). Conclusions: Coaches involved in SO should complete tailored concussion education training to enhance recognition and management strategies. Future initiatives should target curriculum adapted to communication needs of athletes with ID.
A-40 Age, Head-Injury Exposure, And Neurocognitive Functioning Among Older NFL Retirees
Authors: Schaffert J , LoBue C , Wilmoth K , Didehbani D , Hart J , Cullum C M
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Prior research suggests that head-injury exposure (HIE) may interact with age to reduce neurocognitive functioning in former football players, though it remains unclear if other variables may play a role. As such, we evaluated this interaction in older NFL retirees with and without potential covariates. Methods: Participants included 48 older NFL retirees (aged 50–79, M = 65, SD = 7.6). Twenty-seven were cognitively normal, 21 had mild cognitive impairment, and 5 had dementia. HIE variables included number of concussions (Range = 0–18, M = 5.6, SD = 4.5), concussions with loss of consciousness (Range = 0–13, M = 2.2, SD = 2.4), and NFL games played (Range = 15–224, M = 115.1, SD = 50.1). Composite normative T-scores of executive functioning/attention/speed (EFAS; Range = 31.3–62.9, M = 49.6, SD = 6.9), language (Range = 32.4–64.2, M = 47.3, SD = 7.6), and memory (Range = 26.9–65.8, M = 44.5, SD = 9.4) were derived from neuropsychological data. Multiple regressions [p-value at 0.05 with bootstrapping (2000 iterations)] analyzed the relationship between age, HIE, and neuropsychological composites. Post-hoc analyses were conducted with additional covariates: depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II), cerebrovascular risk factors, and cognitive diagnosis. Results: Age (t = −2.394, p = 0.021) and games played (t = −2.311, p = 0.018) predicted lower memory functioning. An interaction between age and concussions (t = −2.199, p = 0.033) suggested that older retirees with more concussions had a lower EFAS composite. However, results were not significant when including covariates in the model (p’s > 0.05). Conclusions: HIE was not significantly related to later-in-life neurocognitive functioning in older NFL retirees when accounting for depressive symptoms, cognitive diagnosis, and cerebrovascular risk factors, highlighting the importance of including additional factors known to impact cognition when assessing this relationship. Findings regarding cumulative HIE and cognition are mixed, and additional study is needed.
A-42 Emotional Health and Recovery in Adolescent and Young Adult Athletes Who Experienced a Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Shaba A , Pardini J , Musial D , Sandoval M
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This quantitative study explored the relation between mood and recovery time in. athletes with sports-related concussion. Methods: Deidentified data were extracted from an existing database of an outpatient concussion clinic. Subjects (n = 89; 39.3% female; mean age = 15.57) were included if they were ages 13 to 25, sustained concussion while participating in sport, were assessed within 10 days of injury, and had no evidence of structural brain injury. Total scores from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were predictor variables. Recovery time was defined as time from injury to return-to-play. Results: Mean recovery time was consistent with prior research (24.41 days, SD = 16.36). Anxiety and depression total scores considered together predicted recovery time (multiple linear regression; F(2,86) = 8.84, p < 0.001). Anxiety did not predict recovery time when controlling for depression. Depression (mean total = 3.78, SD = 3.41) predicted recovery time when controlling for anxiety, (standardized ß = 0.44, t = 3.34, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 are easy-to-use mood screening instruments that do not require a considerable amount of time to administer. Higher scores on the PHQ-9 and the combination of both instruments when administered within 10 days of injury were related to longer recovery times in athletes. For every 3.41 points that the total PHQ-9 score increased, recovery time increased by approximately 7 days. This underscores the importance of examining mood state as part of a comprehensive assessment after sport-related concussion.
A-46 High School Soccer and Risk for Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Terry D P , Kissinger-Knox A , Iverson G L
Published: July 2022

Purpose: There is concern that participation in contact sports during youth might confer risk for later in life mental health problems. We examined whether playing high school soccer was associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in early to middle adulthood. Methods: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (“Add Health”) database was analyzed at Wave I (n = 6503; median age = 15), Wave III (median age = 22), Wave IV (median age = 29), and Wave V (n = 4196; median age = 38). We compared those who played soccer to those who did not play contact sports on mental health outcomes. Results: There were 221 participants who played high school soccer (102 men and 119 women) compared to 2388 who denied participation in contact sports (784 men and 1604 women). During their late 30s, approximately 17.4% of men and 31.0% of women reported a lifetime history of depression, and 15.6% of men and 28.8% of women reported a lifetime history of anxiety. Suicidal ideation, in the past year, was reported by 7.1% of men and 6.8% of women. When comparing those who played soccer to those who did not, there were no statistically significant differences in the proportions who had a lifetime diagnosis of depression or anxiety, or suicidal ideation in the past year, during Waves III, IV, or V of data collection (p-values>0.05). Conclusions: Adults who played high school soccer did not have greater mental health problems at three different time points spanning more than 20 years after high school.
A-49 Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool symptoms predict poorer mental health outcomes in college athletes
Authors: Varkovetski M , Naidu D , Mosewich A , Mrazik M
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Assessment of emotional functioning is essential in sports-related concussion (SRC) management. This study investigated the prediction of mental health outcomes from the SCAT-3 Symptom Scale. Methods: Canadian university athletes who compete in contact sports participated in a large-scale study (Active Rehabilitation). A total of 235 participants (males = 67%) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Quality of Life Scale (QOLS), and Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT). Step-wise regression analysis using demographic variables (gender, age, history of Learning Disability, history of ADHD, diagnosis of psychiatric condition) and psychological symptoms from the SCAT were used as predictors for the BSI (Depression and Anxiety) and QOLS (Depression and Anxiety). Results: Regression analysis revealed female gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis and Nervousness (SCAT) significantly predicted higher scores on the Depression subscales of BSI (R2 = 0.21, F1,231 = 20.3, p < 0.001) and Quality of Life (R2 = 0.21, F1,231 = 18.0, p < 0.001). Female gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, Nervousness and Irritability predicted higher scores on both the Anxiety subscales of the BSI (R2 = 0.23, F1,230 = 16.9, p < 0.001) and Quality of Life (R2 = 0.26, F1,230 = 20.2, p < 0.001). Contrary to other findings, history of concussion was not significantly predictive of higher Depression and/or Anxiety scores (although there was a trend between number of concussions and higher symptom report). Conclusions: SCAT symptoms may capture heightened emotional symptom report with more robust scales measuring emotional functioning. In contrast, concussion history did not predict emotional symptoms, a finding contrary to published literature.
The dollar enablers and panhandlers: US capitalist power and the origins of the financialisation at the periphery
Authors: Bastos Pedro Paulo Zahluth , Young Victor
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the political economy of financialisation in developing countries, defending that US power was crucial to driving it, while the indebted dependent states acted not only as dollar panhandlers but also as dollar enablers. To avoid excessively ‘outside-in’ apprehensions of US power in the capitalist bloc, we debate interpretations that use the concepts of structural power and internationalisation of the state to highlight some political effects of increasing international economic integration and capitalist wealth interpenetration. The theoretical discussion sets the stage for the presentation of declassified documents that illustrate how financial leverage has combined with some converging capitalist goals to entrench neoliberalism and financialisation in the Global North and the Global South. Our contribution serves to caution heterodox economists not to frame national autonomy only in terms of policy analysis, urging them to mobilise critical theory to imagine beyond the established frameworks for action.
Evaluating Chemical Cues Associated withHalyomorpha halysToward Enhanced Sensitivity of Surveillance forTrissolcus japonicus
Authors: Dyer J E , Talamas E J , Leskey T C , Bergh J C
Published: July 2022

In Asia, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is the predominant egg parasitoid of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Detections of adventive T. japonicus populations in North America since 2014, where invasive H. halys populations have impacted various specialty crops, spurred surveillance efforts to track T. japonicus, and yellow sticky cards (YSC) deployed in H. halys host trees have proven effective for this purpose. While T. japonicus exhibits positive behavioral responses to several olfactory stimuli associated with H. halys under laboratory conditions, these have not been evaluated for their potential utility to enhance surveillance of T. japonicus in the field. In northwestern Virginia, where both H. halys and T. japonicus are well-established, we examined the effect of baiting tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), with lures containing the H. halys aggregation pheromone and pheromone synergist on the abundance of H. halys egg masses and captures of T. japonicus in YSC. We also assessed the effect of baiting YSC with newly-laid H. halys egg masses or n-tridecane, a component of H. halys tarsal prints, on T. japonicus captures. Destructive sampling of pheromone-baited and nonbaited trees revealed no significant differences in H. halys egg mass abundance on foliage. Similarly, YSC deployed in pheromone-baited and nonbaited trees showed no significant differences in T. japonicus captures. Moreover, YSC augmented with H. halys egg masses or n-tridecane showed no increase in T. japonicus captures compared with nonbaited controls. The implications for surveillance of adventive T. japonicus are discussed.
A Horticultural Cuticle Supplement Can Impact Quality Characters andDrosophila suzukiiDamage of Several Small and Stone Fruit
Authors: Tait Gabriella , Mermer Serhan , Chave Ryan D B , Rossi-Stacconi Marco Valerio , Kaiser Clive , Walton Vaughn M
Published: July 2022

Surface wax and other cellular building blocks play an important role in preserving fruit integrity from biotic and abiotic adversities. Huge energy expenses are made by plants to place these protective compounds onto the epidermal cuticle. Sprayable plant and fruit coatings have been developed to protect plant tissues from environmental stresses, pathogens, and arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine if an experimental cuticle supplement containing waxes can affect fruit quality parameters such as firmness and size of various crops. Cherry, blueberry, and winegrape plants treated with the cuticle supplement showed significant increases in berry firmness ranging from 4.6 to 11.6%. No quality benefits were however observed on blackberry. Cuticle supplement applications did not significantly affect berry size. Laboratory trials resulted in a 54% mean reduction in a model pest insect i.e., Drosophila suzukii egg laying on blueberry. Short-duration field trials over 72 ± 2 to 96 ± 2 h on commercial-standard blueberry bushes resulted in 50–93.4% reductions of D. suzukii damage. Longer-term field trials on cherry and blueberry challenged with egg-laying D. suzukii showed reductions of damage ranging from 45 to 95%, up to 30 d after initial cuticle supplement applications. These results indicate that the cuticle supplement significantly alters berry firmness and reduces D. suzukii damage under commercial production conditions. One factor that may contribute to this reduction includes improved fruit quality parameters. The current work serves to expand integrated pest management options to control D. suzukii populations in commercial field settings.
The secret life of insect-associated microbes and how they shape insect–plant interactions
Authors: Coolen Silvia , Rogowska-van der Molen Magda , Welte Cornelia U
Published: July 2022

Insects are associated with a plethora of different microbes of which we are only starting to understand their role in shaping insect–plant interactions. Besides directly benefitting from symbiotic microbial metabolism, insects obtain and transmit microbes within their environment, making them ideal vectors and potential beneficiaries of plant diseases and microbes that alter plant defenses. To prevent damage, plants elicit stress-specific defenses to ward off insects and their microbiota. However, both insects and microbes harbor a wealth of adaptations that allow them to circumvent effective plant defense activation. In the past decades, it has become apparent that the enormous diversity and metabolic potential of insect-associated microbes may play a far more important role in shaping insect–plant interactions than previously anticipated. The latter may have implications for the development of sustainable pest control strategies. Therefore, this review sheds light on the current knowledge on multitrophic insect–microbe–plant interactions in a rapidly expanding field of research.
Pollen Alone or a Mixture of Pollen Types? Assessing Their Suitability for Mass Rearing of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Over 20 Generations
Authors: Yazdanpanah Shima , Fathipour Yaghoub , Riahi Elham , Zalucki Myron P
Published: July 2022

The generalist predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) is known as one of the most effective natural enemies on many pests. This economically important biocontrol agent was reared for 20 generations on date palm and castor bean pollen as well as a mixture of pollen types, including date palm, castor bean, and almond. The performance of this predator was evaluated by comparing its life table parameters after different generations (G1–G20) fed on each diet in a laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The development time of the predator reared on all tested diets had no significant difference in G20. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of N. cucumeris by feeding on the mixed pollen (0.197 day−1) was significantly higher than that on castor bean, or date palm pollen (0.146 or 0.152 day−1 in G1, respectively). Our results indicated that the predator’s performance was not affected by long-term feeding on the pollen diets, as well as there was no considerable difference between pollen alone and pollen mixture diets. Furthermore, mites reared on pollen diets had higher quality than those reared on natural prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch.
Skating the line between general wellness products and regulated devices: strategies and implications
Authors: Simon David A , Shachar Carmel , Cohen I Glenn
Published: July 2022

Health technology is advancing at a rapid clip, with many of these technologies appearing on consumer products like smartphones and tablets. Federal regulators have responded to these changes with a flexible approach that allows firms to manufacture a ‘general wellness product’ (‘GWP’) without being subject to regulation typically applied to ‘devices’ that diagnose or treat a disease or condition. Using currently available medical products and devices from across a spectrum of diseases, we describe how firms can use this existing regulatory framework to develop innovative products by ‘skating the line’ between mostly unregulated GWPs and regulated devices. On the one hand, we find that skating the line offers a variety of benefits, including potential improvements to product development, innovation, and patient access to medical technologies. On the other hand, we show that this technique has potential costs to patient safety, competition, and data sharing. Skating the regulatory line between GWP and devices, in other words, offers important benefits but is not without risks. Any further regulatory action to address such risks should be careful to leave significant unregulated space for product development.