bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of wind characteristics at different heights of deep-cut canyon based on field measurement
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Mingjin , Li Yongle , Fang Chen
Published: August 2019

The typical U-shaped deep-cut canyon is widely distributed in the western mountainous areas of China, especially in Sichuan province and Yunnan province. The deep-cut canyon has the characteristics of the high drop in elevation, high-temperature difference, and complex wind environment. A 50 m high meteorological mast with a total of eight anemometers was erected in such topography, and a long-span suspension bridge will be constructed in the area where the meteorological mast is located. Based on the long-term monitor data, the wind characteristic parameters including average and fluctuating wind characteristics and coherence between different heights are investigated. The results are as follows. The dominant wind direction which depends on the topography is north–south. The attack angle of wind is mainly less than zero, and its probability distribution obeys the hypothetical Gaussian distribution. Both the increases in height of anemometer and in wind speed reduce the dispersion of the attack angle of wind. The gust factor has a similar change law of attack angle of wind. Turbulence intensities are affected by the height of the anemometer and the wind speed, and they are different from the recommended value of China Codes. In terms of turbulence integral length scale, the value increases with an increase in the height of the anemometer in the same component. The largest value occurs in the longitudinal direction and the smallest occurs in the vertical direction at the same level. The coherence between any two locations is relatively strong, and the longitudinal component is stronger than others. The measured wind power spectrum for longitudinal, lateral, and vertical wind in deep-cut canyon fits the von Kármán model better.
Utilizing Student Health and Academic Data: A County-Level Demonstration Project
Authors: Carter-Pokras Olivia D. , Bugbee Brittany A. , Gold Robert S. , Lauver Phillip E. , Aiken Rebecca , Arria Amelia M.
Published: August 2019

Students with chronic health conditions miss more school days than their peers and are at increased risk for performing worse on standardized tests and not completing a high school degree. University-based researchers, state government leaders, and a local county school system collaborated to use existing health and academic data to (1) evaluate the strength of the relationship between health status and school performance (absenteeism, grades) and (2) describe the health status of students who are chronically absent. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, negative binomial regression models, and estimated marginal means. The most common health conditions among the 3,663 kindergarten through Grade 12 students were ADD (attention deficit disorder)/ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), asthma, migraine headaches, mental health conditions, and eczema/psoriasis/skin disorders. After controlling for covariates, having asthma or a mental health diagnosis was positively associated with absences; and having an ADD/ADHD or mental health diagnosis was negatively associated with GPA (grade point average). Chronically absent students had significantly lower GPAs, and a higher number of health conditions than other students. The success of this demonstration project encourages strengthening existing collaborations and establishing new multidisciplinary partnerships to analyze existing data sources to learn more about the relationship between student health and academic achievement. Moreover, connecting health status to academic achievement might be a chief tactic for advocating for additional resources to improve the care and management of chronic disease conditions among students.
Team Structure and Team Building Improve Human–Machine Teaming With Autonomous Agents
Authors: Walliser James C. , de Visser Ewart J. , Wiese Eva , Shaw Tyler H.
Published: August 2019

Research suggests that humans and autonomous agents can be more effective when working together as a combined unit rather than as individual entities. However, most research has focused on autonomous agent design characteristics while ignoring the importance of social interactions and team dynamics. Two experiments examined how the perception of teamwork among human–human and human–autonomous agents and the application of team building interventions could enhance teamwork outcomes. Participants collaborated with either a human or an autonomous agent. In the first experiment, it was revealed that manipulating team structure by considering your human and autonomous partner as a teammate rather than a tool can increase affect and behavior, but does not benefit performance. In the second experiment, participants completed goal setting and role clarification (team building) with their teammate prior to task performance. Team building interventions led to significant improvements for all teamwork outcomes, including performance. Across both studies, participants communicated more substantially with human partners than they did with autonomous partners. Taken together, these findings suggest that social interactions between humans and autonomous teammates should be an important design consideration and that particular attention should be given to team building interventions to improve affect, behavior, and performance.
Spinnability and characteristics of polyoxymethylene-based core–sheath bicomponent fibers
Authors: Boonlertsamut Jitlada , Thumsorn Supaphorn , Umemura Toshikazu , Hamada Hiroyuki , Sakuma Atsushi
Published: August 2019

In this work, the spinning abilities of polyoxymethylene-based core–sheath bicomponent fibers were investigated. Bicomponent fibers were prepared using polyoxymethylene as the core material and poly(lactic acid) blended with polyoxymethylene or pure polyoxymethylene as sheath materials, and their characteristics were investigated and compared. Fiber properties such as elongation are important because they directly relate to the spinning performance during fiber processing. This work reports the impact of the composition designation of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers on the controllable stability of poly(lactic acid) in polyoxymethylene–poly(lactic acid) blends in the fibers, as well as the influence of the core–sheath material on the structure, fiber diameter and distribution, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers. It was found that the selection of core and sheath materials affected the structural characteristics of the fibers. The polyoxymethylene core–polyoxymethylene sheath (FV) fiber showed dimensional stability. However, the polyoxymethylene core–poly(lactic acid)/polyoxymethylene sheath (FT30) fiber provided the optimum limit of poly(lactic acid) content for controlling the stable properties of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers.
Epigenetic aging is associated with clinical and experimental pain in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Cruz-Almeida Yenisel , Sinha Puja , Rani Asha , Huo Zhiguang , Fillingim Roger B , Foster Thomas
Published: August 2019

Gerontological research reveals considerable interindividual variability in aging phenotypes, which has motivated research efforts to identify “aging biomarkers.” Aging biomarkers are used to calculate biological age, which are better predictors of disease risk and residual lifespan when compared to chronological age alone. Emerging evidence using the epigenetic clock as an aging biomarker supports highly reliable individualized predictions about future health. This study aimed to determine whether an epigenetic aging biomarker was associated with chronic pain in older adults (60–83 years old). A subset of participants (n = 29) in the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan study underwent a blood draw, demographic, psychological, cognitive, and pain assessments. We estimated Horvath’s epigenetic clock and calculated the difference between epigenetic age and chronological age that has been previously reported to predict overall mortality risk. Older individuals without chronic pain (n = 9) had significantly “younger” epigenetic age compared to those with chronic pain (n = 20, p < 0.05). Older epigenetic age was associated with greater pain during daily activities (r = 0.494, p = 0.010) and anatomical pain sites (r = 0.741, p < 0.001) but not pain frequency/duration. An older epigenetic age was also associated with higher vibratory detection thresholds (r = 0.490, p = 0.021), heat pain thresholds (r = −0.478, p = 0.028), and pressure pain thresholds at the trapezius (r = −0.571, p = 0.006) but not thermal detection, pressure pain at the quadriceps or pain inhibition (p’s > 0.05). Epigenetic aging was associated with greater emotional stability (r = −0.461, p = 0.027), conscientiousness (r = −0.549, p = 0.007), and lower extraversion (r = 0.414, p = 0.049) but not depression or affect (p’s > 0.05). Epigenetic aging was also associated with lower episodic (r = −0.698, p = 0.001) and working memory (r = −0.760, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that chronic pain is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in healthy, community-dwelling older individuals, and future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our findings. An aging biomarker such as the epigenetic clock may help identify people with chronic pain at greater risk of functional decline and poorer health outcomes.
Finding Self, Sense, and Sense Making after a Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Eberle Thomas S. , Rebitzke Eberle Verena
Published: August 2019

This essay presents an analysis of a patient’s experiences after she had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage and was put into an artificial coma. Her husband, a sociologist, collected a wealth of data during her many years of recovery. When she recovered, they collaboratively reconstructed and analyzed what she had experienced. Phenomenological concepts proved helpful for interpreting the patient’s experiences at different stages, including her disorientation after awakening from the coma, the blurred borders between fact and fiction, her problems with time and space, her loss of smell, her oscillation between despair and overestimation of her capabilities in the rehabilitation clinic and her long way “back to normal.” We discuss the social context of family support, and offer conclusions about how sociologists can learn from this case.
Expanding Foresight Evaluation Capacity
Authors: Gardner Annette L. , Bishop Peter
Published: August 2019

The subject of evaluating foresight work has been around for almost as long as the professional practice itself has, but the field has done little to move closer to a systematic evaluation of its work. This special issue marks the second collection of articles on that project after a special issue of Futures in 2012 (Van Der Duin and Van Der Martin 2012). This issue takes a three-part approach: Part 1: evaluation of foresight in general and evaluation approaches and methods that can support designing an appropriate evaluation; Part 2: evaluation of foresight work in organizations and its impact on long-term thinking and decision-making; and Part 3: evaluation of specific foresight activities—an undergraduate learner foresight experience and a health sector scenario development exercise. The foreword ends with a reflection on the continuing issue of foresight and evaluation.
Percutaneous treatments of acute myocardial infarction and major stroke: Two parallel roads
Authors: Vizzari Giampiero , Versaci Francesco , Nicosia Antonino
Published: August 2019

Neurological and cardiovascular ischemic diseases represent the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Physiopathological mechanisms present several similarities, based on “thromboembolic” events, as well as the pharmacological and percutaneous treatment options. We report a case of contemporary presentation of acute coronary and cerebral syndromes, successfully managed with a combined percutaneous intervention driven by the emergency setting. Whereas invasive revascularization represents nowadays the “gold standard” therapy for acute coronary syndromes, catheter-based treatment of acute stroke is not yet widespread and still under debate.
Optic nerve head retinal artery macroaneurysm: Report of a case
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Gurav Prachi
Published: August 2019

A 61-year-old elderly male, hypertensive patient presented to the retina clinic with sudden drop in vision in the left eye for 6 days. His best-corrected visual acuity at presentation was counting fingers close to face. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed the presence of subretinal and preretinal haemorrhage at the macula along with hypertensive retinopathy changes in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography was done, which showed a retinal artery macroaneurysm at the optic nerve head. Optical coherence tomogram through the optic nerve head also confirmed the presence of retinal artery macroaneurysm. The patient was treated with injection of 0.4 cc of 100% C3F8 to displace the blood off the macula. At final follow-up visit at 2 months post treatment, his vision improved to 6/12, N8. Fundus examination showed a small residual altered blood nasal to the fovea. No treatment was however done to the retinal artery macroaneurysm due to its atypical location and chance of spontaneous involution. In conclusion, retinal artery macroaneurysm at the optic disc is extremely uncommon. Identification of the retinal artery macroaneurysm lesion is more difficult in glaucoma patients due to the large and deep optic cup. Fluorescein angiography remains the main investigative modality to confirm the diagnosis. Spontaneous involution still remains the mainstay of treatment in optic disc retinal artery macroaneurysm.
Molding Conscious Leaders
Authors: Lokhande Madhavi , Cadotte Ernest R. , Agrawal Bindu
Published: August 2019

Innovation in education is important for developing the next generation of business leaders who also have to be innovators, creative thinkers and managers who will be more responsible towards society. The role of a company is to serve other stakeholders such as staff, clients, suppliers and society besides increasing the wealth of shareholders. In an era of continuous erosion of natural resources due to the progress of mankind, doing business following the path of conscious capitalism may create a competitive edge. The challenge is to orient the mindset of management students to mold them as conscious leaders.

In 2009, Dr. Raj Sisodia and Conscious Capitalism Inc. asked Dr. Ernie Cadotte to create a new simulation to illustrate and reinforce the key tenets of the Conscious Capitalism movement.

Business managers have a broad variety of conflicting issues to deal with, including product sustainability and reliability, environmental concerns, employee morale and corporate responsibility. The challenge for Cadotte and Sisodia was to develop a new pedagogy for learning to manage a full-enterprise business while addressing the conscious opportunities, situations and problems. In 2011, Cadotte created a game ( Conscious Capitalism in the Marketplace) that simulates the challenges a business manager has to face in today’s world. It is a ‘unique pedagogy’ and an innovative teaching practice that works on the ‘learning-by-doing’ method. This article will be an evidence-based case study of that simulation and its use with the next-generation managers.
Teaching Ethics to Future Managers: Encouraging and Discouraging Impulses
Authors: Saini Damini
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, management institutions are including an ethics course in their curriculum globally, which is focused upon inculcating the value set in an individual. Therefore, it makes an important point that the students must comprehend the worth of the course and they must take it as an opportunity to cultivate values, which should be a prospect not despondent. Thus, to improve the impact of ethical education, and to accelerate the quality of management education, this offers a deliberation of inferences of demands of the questions of quality instructors and pedagogy of ethical education. The study focuses upon the gap between the ideal and current status of ethics education following different pedagogy. In this study, a qualitative analysis has been used where students were interviewed in depth via a semi-structured interview to collect the data. The study will help to gain deeper insights into the factors that encourage or discourage students from learning ethics and value courses, particularly in the university system.
Community Participation with Trust: Evidence from a Framed Lab-in-field Experiment with Hybrid Game Model
Authors: Mitra Santanu , Das Abhishek , Gupta Gautam
Published: August 2019

Out of the 104 islands of Indian Sundarbans, 54 are inhabited. These islands have mud embankments which protect them from intrusion of river and sea water and have made human settlement possible in these islands. Once the embankments were protected from tidal and storm surges by a layer of mangrove forests. But now the mangrove cover has vanished and consequently the embankments are frequently eroded or develop breaches being directly exposed to tidal and storm surges. One way to protect these mud embankments is to recreate mangrove plantations along the toe-line on the outer side of the embankments. This article uses a framed lab-in-field experiment to measure inclination towards community participation in regenerating common pool resources (CPRs), specifically regeneration of mangrove forest on the outer side of the embankments. The 320 subjects who participated in the experiment were villagers from different islands in the Indian Sundarbans. The experiment is a hybrid of the simple Public Goods Game with Voluntary Contributions Mechanism (VCM) and the Trust Game. The first is used to measure inclination towards contributing resources and effort for generation of CPRs and the second is to see if the participants trust others not to extract from the regenerated CPR and if such trust is reciprocated. The results show that voluntary contributions, contrary to theoretical prediction of free riding, are significantly high, though less than when there is no extraction. Trust levels are also quite high and a third of such trust is reciprocated.

JEL Codes: C92, H40, Q23
The village as urban infrastructure: Social reproduction, agrarian repair and uneven urbanisation
Authors: Cowan Thomas
Published: August 2019

This paper draws from research conducted in Gurgaon, a city which has been transformed from agricultural hinterland to a bustling metropolis over the course of the past 30 years. The aim of this paper is to expand debates on the uneven geographies of urbanisation in India by reconsidering marginalised urban neighbourhoods as infrastructural nodes, wherein the complex and contested work of reproducing urban life is carried out. Extending scholarship on urban infrastructure, social reproduction and heterodox Marxist political economy, this paper highlights the subaltern processes decay and repair which underpin Gurgaon’s rapid urbanisation.
A Study on Sexual Functioning in Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Authors: D. Ramya Shruthi , S. Sunil Kumar , Shetty Shyam Prasad , Desai Nagaraj , Rao T. S. Sathyanarayana
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have more than twofold risk of sexual dysfunction compared with age-matched healthy persons. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery benefits in CAD populations are well established. Erectile dysfunction (ED) in men and arousal difficulties in women are highly prevalent in CAD, yet it is frequently under-recognized and under-diagnosed in clinical practice. A further study on the relation between CABG and sexual functioning is not much explored, hence the need for the study.

Materials and Method: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka. A total of 54 consecutive patients who have undergone CABG were considered. Informed and written consent was taken. After stabilization and thorough checkup by the attending cardiologist, interview was conducted. The patients were assessed on a structured and validated pro forma, for males International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) and for females Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used. ANOVA and Student’s t test, statistical software SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0, Stata 10.1, MedCalc 9.0.1, Systat 12.0, and R environment ver.2.11.1 were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Of the 54 study subjects, in males, 69.4% had mild to moderate ED, 52.8% had mild orgasmic dysfunction, 44.4% had moderate desire dysfunction, 50% had mild to moderate dysfunction of intercourse satisfaction, and 44.4% had mild to moderate and moderate dysfunction in overall satisfaction. In females, one or the other forms of sexual dysfunction were present in all the female study subjects; among them, 66.7% had arousal difficulties, 44.4% had lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction problems and pain difficulties.

Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed an increased prevalence rate of sexual dysfunction in patients who have undergone CABG. Hence addressing the concerned issues during the stay in the hospital is necessary for the better outcomes.
Can Test Anxiety Interventions Alleviate a Gender Gap in an Undergraduate STEM Course?
Authors: Harris Rebecca B. , Grunspan Daniel Z. , Pelch Michael A. , Fernandes Giselle , Ramirez Gerardo , Freeman Scott
Published: August 2019

Gender gaps in exam scores or final grades are common in introductory college science and engineering classrooms, with women underperforming relative to men with the same admission test scores or college grade point averages. After failing to close a historically documented gender gap in a large introductory biology course using interventions targeted at training a growth mindset, we implemented interventions designed to reduce student test anxiety. We combined evidence-based exercises based on expressive writing and on reappraising physiological arousal. We also used a valid measure to quantify test anxiety at the start and end of the course. This instrument measures an individual’s self-declared or perceived test anxiety—also called trait anxiety—but not the immediate or “state” anxiety experienced during an actual exam. Consistent with previous reports in the literature, we found that women in this population declared much higher test anxiety than men and that students who declared higher test anxiety had lower exam scores than students who declared lower test anxiety. Although the test anxiety interventions had no impact on the level of self-declared trait anxiety, they did significantly increase student exam performance. The treatment benefits occurred in both men and women. These data suggest that 1) a combination of interventions based on expressive writing and reappraising physiological arousal can be a relatively easy manner to boost exam performance in a large-enrollment science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) course and encourage emotion regulation; 2) women are more willing than men to declare that they are anxious about exams, but men and women may actually experience the same level of anxiety during the exam itself; and 3) women are underperforming in STEM courses for reasons other than gender-based differences in mindset or test anxiety.
“Seeing” Data Like an Expert: An Eye-Tracking Study Using Graphical Data Representations
Authors: Harsh Joseph A. , Campillo Molly , Murray Caylin , Myers Christina , Nguyen John , Maltese Adam V.
Published: August 2019

Given the centrality of data visualizations in communicating scientific information, increased emphasis has been placed on the development of students’ graph literacy—the ability to generate and interpret data representations—to foster understanding of domain-specific knowledge and the successful navigation of everyday life. Despite prior literature that identifies student difficulties and methods to improve graphing competencies, there is little understanding as to how learners develop these skills. To gain a better resolution of the cognitive basis by which individuals “see” graphs, this study uses eye tracking (ET) to compare the strategies of non–science undergraduates ( n = 9), early ( n = 7) and advanced ( n = 8) biology undergraduates, graduate students ( n = 6), and science faculty ( n = 6) in making sense of data displays. Results highlight variation in how individuals direct their attention (i.e., fixations and visual search patterns) when completing graph-based tasks as a function of science expertise. As research on the transition from novice to expert is crucially important in understanding how we might design curricula that help novices move toward more expert-like performance, this study has implications for the advancement of new strategies to aid the teaching and learning of data analysis skills.
Generating variable shapes of salt geobodies from seismic images and prior geological knowledge
Authors: Clausolles Nicolas , Collon Pauline , Caumon Guillaume
Published: August 2019

We have developed an implicit method to automatically generate several possible models of salt top surfaces with varying geometries and topologies. This method can be conditioned to available data such as well markers and seismic picks. Because seismic imaging of salt is prone to velocity uncertainty and Fresnel zone effects, the input of the method is a seismic image that is segmented into three regions: salt, sediments, and uncertain. The uncertain region contains the salt boundary, and all further computations focus within this zone. A monotonic scalar field, ranging from zero on the edge of the certain salt body to one on the maximal possible salt boundary, defines the cumulated probability for a point to be outside the salt body. A random scalar field, also bounded between zero and one, is then used as a threshold for the first scalar field. The salt boundary is implicitly defined by the zero isovalue of the difference between the two fields, and it can be further extracted using marching cubes. The random field parameters have a geometric and topological impact on the simulated salt volumes. They can be adapted to reproduce specific geological features, but their inference remains difficult. The application of the method for the reconstruction of diapir boundaries from a set of partly interpreted sections indicates that it is well-suited to honor numerous constraining data while proposing different possible structural scenarios in the uninterpreted parts.
Pore structure characteristics and its effect on adsorption capacity of Niutitang marine shale in Sangzhi block, southern China
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Dahi Taleghani Arash , Ding Wenlong
Published: August 2019

Characteristics of shale pore structures may play an important role in natural gas accumulation and consequently estimating the original gas in place. To determine the pore structure characteristics of Niutitang marine shale in the Sangzhi block, we carried out [Formula: see text] adsorption-desorption (LP-[Formula: see text]GA), [Formula: see text] adsorption (LP-[Formula: see text]GA), and methane isothermal adsorption on shale samples to reveal the pore size distribution (PSD) and its impact on the adsorption capacity. Results indicate that the Niutitang Shale is in stages of maturity and overmaturity with good organic matter, and they also indicate well-developed interparticle, intraparticle, and organic pores. Quartz and clay are found to be the main minerals, and the high illite content means that the Niutitang Shale is experiencing the later stage of clay mineral transformation. Various-sized shale pores are well-developed, and most of them are narrow and slit-like. For pores with diameters of 2–300 nm measured with LP-[Formula: see text]GA, mesopores (2–50 nm) contribute most of the total specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume (TPV) in comparison to macropores (50–300 nm). For micropores ([Formula: see text]) tested by LP-[Formula: see text]GA, the PSD appears to be multimodal; shale pores of 0.50–0.90 nm diameter contribute most of the SSA and TPV. [Formula: see text]-SSA and [Formula: see text]-SSA indicate positive correlations with their corresponding TPV. The total organic matter (TOC) has good correlation with the SSA and TPV of micropores. The Langmuir volume positively correlates with the total SSA. Additionally, the TOC content has a good correlation with the Langmuir volume, which is consistent with the observation of well-developed fossils of diatoms and organic pores. As an important source of organic matter, more diatoms mean more organic matter, larger TOC values and quartz content, larger SSA and TPV of micropores, and, of course, stronger shale adsorption capacity. The results provide important guidance for the exploration and development of shale gas existing in the Sangzhi block.
Coercion and Choice
Authors: Camiscioli Elisa
Published: August 2019

This article employs police investigations of the “traffic in women” between France and Argentina in the first three decades of the twentieth century to highlight the multiple narratives in play when contemporaries talked about trafficking and relayed their experiences of it. While the dominant narrative of “white slavery” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries emphasized coercion, sexual exploitation, and victimization, many young working-class women described the journey to Argentina in terms of perceived opportunity, whether for money, travel, or freedom. This is not to downplay the social and economic vulnerability of these women and the precarious lives they led in French and Argentine cities. Instead, the article emphasizes the inadequacy of many existing frameworks for discussing sex trafficking, and prostitution more generally, as they rely too heavily on a stark division between coercion and choice.

Cet article repose sur une analyse d'enquêtes de police portant sur la « traite des femmes » entre la France et l'Argentine durant le premier tiers du vingtième siècle. Il met l'accent sur la multiplicité des discours évoquant la traite, et l'expérience des femmes impliquées. Si, à la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècle, le discours dominant à propos de la « traite des blanches » souligne la coercition, l'exploitation sexuelle et la victimisation, de nombreuses femmes appartenant à la classe ouvrière décrivent leur périple en Argentine comme une opportunité de gagner plus d'argent, de voyager, ou de saisir leur liberté. Cet article ne vise cependant à minimiser ni le rôle de la vulnérabilité économique et sociale de ces femmes, ni leur vie précaire dans les villes de France et d'Argentine. Il cherche plutôt à mettre en évidence le caractère inadapté des différents paradigmes existants pour aborder le sujet du trafic sexuel, et plus généralement de la prostitution, ainsi que la manière dont ces paradigmes reposent sur une division trop marquée entre le choix et la contrainte.
Independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT family in animals
Authors: Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Ito Yuzuru , Ito Michihiko
Published: August 2019

Some DMRT family genes including arthropod dsx, nematode mab-3, and vertebrate dmrt1 are involved in sex determination and/or differentiation in bilaterian animals. Although there have been some reports about evolutionary analyses of the family by using its phylogenetic trees, it is still undecided as to whether these three sex determination-related genes share orthologous relationships or not. To clarify this question, we analyzed evolutional relationships among the family members in various bilaterians by using not only phylogenetic tree analysis, but also synteny analysis. We found that only four genes, dmrt2a/2b, dmrt3, dmrt4/5 and dmrt93B were commonly present in invertebrate bilateria. The syntenies of dmrt2a/2b-dmrt3 and dmrt4/5-dmrt93B are conserved before and after two rounds of whole genome duplication in the ancestral vertebrate. Importantly, this indicates that dmrt1 must have appeared in the common vertebrate ancestor. In addition, dmrt1, dsx, or mab-3 formed each different cluster at a distance in our phylogenetic tree. From these findings, we concluded that the three sex determination-related genes, dmrt1, dsx, and mab-3 have no orthologous relationships, and suggested independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT gene family. Our results may supply clues about why sex-determining systems have diverged during animal evolution.
Non-AIDS defining malignancies in the combination ART era: immunological and socio-behavioral risk factors
Authors: Ruffieux Yann , Chammartin Frédérique , Feller Anita , Schmidlin Kurt , Rohrmann Sabine , Staehelin Katharina , Bouchardy Christine , Bucher Heiner C. , Hasse Barbara , Cavassini Matthias , Calmy Alexandra , Wandeler Gilles , Scherrer Alexandra , Bohlius Julia , Egger Matthias
Published: August 2019

Background: Since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), non-AIDS defining malignancies (NADM) have become increasingly important. We examined risk factors for NADM, including immunological, virological and socio-behavioral characteristics. 

Methods:We linked the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) with cancer registries to identify incident cancers between 1996 and 2012. We analyzed four common NADM: anal, lung, prostate, and liver cancer. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and assessed the effect of time-updated CD4 and CD8 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV viral load (copies/ml) in Cox regression models. We lagged time-dependent variables for 12, 24, and 36 months and captured cumulative exposures using simple moving averages (SMA). In multivariable models, we also considered HIV transmission group, smoking, and chronic hepatitis B or C infection as potential predictors of NADM incidence.

Results.Between 1996 and 2012, 563 HIV-infected individuals developed NADM, including 70 anal, 49 lung, 44 prostate, and 36 liver cancers. Compared with the general population, the SHCS exhibited higher rates of anal (SIR 76.1, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 60.2-96.2), lung (SIR 1.98, 1.50-2.62), and liver cancer (SIR 7.28, 5.25-10.1) but similar rates of prostate cancer  (SIR 1.03, 0.76-1.38). Anal cancer was associated with low CD4 cell count, high CD8 cell count, men who have sex with men, and smoking. For lung cancer, the CD8 cell count was the only significant predictor identified among the immunological and virological factors. CD4 cell count, and chronic hepatitis B and C infection were predictive of liver cancer incidence. We found no evidence of any of the immunological factors being associated with prostate cancer.

Conclusions:The importance of immunodeficiency (indexed by CD4 count) and immune senescence (indexed by CD8 count) differs across NADM. Immunodeficiency was an important risk factor for anal and liver cancer whereas immune senescence was associated with lung cancer and anal cancer.
Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms determining longevity
Authors: Bayersdorf Robert , Schumacher Björn
Published: August 2019

The field of aging research has progressed significantly over the past decades. Exogenously and endogenously inflicted molecular damage ranging from genotoxic to organellar damage drives the aging process. Repair mechanisms and compensatory responses counteract the detrimental consequences of the various damage types. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding cellular mechanisms and interconnections between signaling pathways that control longevity. We summarize cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms that impact the cellular and organismal aging process
Cultural and Language Features Formation of Identity in Conditions Social Communication
Authors: Иванова А. , Ivanova A.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the problems of languages and cultures of indigenous peoples of the North in the aspect of social communication. The relevance of the three-stage model of identity formation in children of the peoples of the North, implemented in the framework of the academic subject (course) «Culture of the Peoples of the North», is based on the results of scientific research conducted at the Institute of National Schools of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
The Role of Public Opinion in the “Jackson Era” in the USA
Authors: Алентьева Татьяна , Alent'eva Tat'yana
Published: August 2019

The monograph first explores American public opinion as the most important factor in social and political life in the "Jackson era." Of particular value is the study of the struggle of opinions within the bipartisan system, both in the South and in the North. Against the background of a broad canvas of socio-economic and political history, the first analysis of the state and development of public opinion in the USA is given, successively from the presidential election of 1824 to the defeat of the Democrats in the presidential election of 1840, when their opponents, the Whigs, came to power for the first time.
Capital Markets and Crypto Markets: Trends and Behavior
Authors: Михайлов Алексей , Mihaylov Aleksey
Published: August 2019

The book presents the patterns of historical evolution of financial theories of asset prices (increasing subjectivity in the evaluation of financial risks) and models for predicting volatility of asset prices in the financial markets (accounting for structural shifts in the market). It collected the rich evidence of high accuracy and reliability of long-term memory models for predicting price and volatility of different classes of financial assets.
The book includes a theoretical basis for the formation of the fair market value of digital financial assets as a new segment of the global capital market.
The book examines the factors influencing the dynamics of the bitcoin price.
The answer to the question is whether there is a correlation with energy price and financial index S&P 500 because of the presence of the effect of volatility flow characteristic of financial markets.
It is proved that the volatility of bitcoin price has a significant correlation with the volatility of financial indices such as S&P 500 due to the presence of the effect of volatility overflow (spillover effect) characteristic of financial markets. But there is no clear relationship between the search queries in the Google system and the dynamics of the bitcoin price. Bitcoin prices are moving primarily under the influence of investor interest in cryptocurrency as an alternative save asset.
The practical significance of the work lies in the structuring of existing knowledge about the factors influencing the price of bitcoin. These methods allowed to determine the most influential factors explaining the dynamics of bitcoin. The price changes in the period from 2009 to 2018 was due to the increase in the usefulness of bitcoin as a tool for settlements, which was facilitated by the loss of confidence in national currencies, uncertainty about the Brexit and new energy sources price decreasing.
The monograph contains the necessary structural sections characterizing the capital market and crypto assets at the present stage.
The monograph can be used as the main or additional literature in the study of such disciplines like investment banking, corporate finance, international practice of valuation, behavioral finance, derivative financial instruments, financial investment management, financial markets and finance.
The monograph can be used effectively by teachers in various areas.
The Impact of Hospital Advertising on Patient Demand and Health Outcomes
Authors: Kim Tongil “TI” , KC Diwas
Published: August 2019

Does hospital advertising influence patient choice and health outcomes? We examine more than 220,000 individual patient-level visits over 24 months in Massachusetts to answer this question. We find that patients are positively influenced by hospital advertising; seeing a television advertisement for a given hospital makes a patient more likely to select that hospital. We also observe significant heterogeneity in patient response depending on insurance status, medical conditions, and demographic factors, like age, gender, and race. For example, patients with more restrictive forms of insurance are less sensitive to advertisements. Our demand model allows us to study the impact of a ban on hospital advertising, which has been recently considered by policy makers. We find that banning hospital advertising can hurt patient health outcomes through increased hospital readmissions. This is because hospital advertisements drive patients to higher-quality hospitals, which tend to advertise more and have lower readmission rates. However, we do not find a significant change in the overall mortality rate.
Recent evidence on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC): a systematic synopsis of meta-analyses from 2015 to 2017
Authors: Perdamaian Teguh Kristian
Published: August 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with a huge impact on international public health. This review discusses recent evidence on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for CRC using a systematic review method. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. The literature search was performed on the Ovid MEDLINE database and included publications from 2015 to 2017, followed by a quality assessment and a narrative synthesis. Of the 90 identified articles, there were 13 meta-analyses with statistically significant results. Seven articles discussed modifiable risk factors and six articles discussed non-modifiable risk. The modifiable risk factors with the highest risk were radiotherapy of prostate cancer (pooled odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–2.12). The non-modifiable risk factors with the highest risk was Lynch syndrome (hazard ratio 135.49; 95% CI 111.55–164.57). This review discovered new and previously known risk factors for CRC. Recent evidence shows that research on CRC risk factors is continuing to grow indicating that more studies on risk factors are needed to optimize CRC prevention and early detection.
Activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a predictor of radiation therapy outcome in patients with stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma cervical cancer
Authors: Kusuma Fitriyadi , Sinaga Romi Saut Halomoan , Prijanti Ani Retno , Kekalih Aria , Sekarutami Sri Mulya
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND Radiation is a standard therapy for cervical cancer. Unfortunately, not all patients undergoing radiation achieve a complete response. Previous studies have shown that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acts against free radicals generated by radiation in cancer cells thus predicting worse outcome in radiation therapy. This study was aimed to assess and evaluate whether MnSOD activity can be used as a predictor of radiation therapy responses in patients with stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynecology Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The database from previous research was analyzed to identify positive and negative response samples. Measurement of MnSOD activity was done using spectrophotometry based on the McCord and Fridovich method using RanSOD® kit. The comparative data were obtained and then analyzed.

RESULTS Among 76 samples, 49 (61.8%) patients had positive responses and 27 (38.2%) had negative responses. It is shown in this study that higher MnSOD activity is related to worse radiotherapy outcome in stage IIIB cancer patients. The relative risk value of having a worse outcome with high MnSOD activity is 1.849 (1.075–3.178, 95% CI).

CONCLUSIONS Stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma patients with high MnSOD activity are at higher risk of having a negative radiation therapy response compared with patients without high MnSOD activity.
DA FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO: QUEM EDUCA O EDUCADOR?
Authors: Silva Marileia Maria Da , Santos Márcia Luzia Dos
Published: August 2019

Este artigo problematiza a condução da formação continuada dos professores da Educação Básica na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis (RMEF) por empresas privadas, mediante análise de dados de pesquisa de doutorado em andamento. O estudo funda-se no materialismo histórico-dialético, e como procedimento metodológico utilizou-se o mapeamento de redes políticas, realizado a partir das empresas contratadas pelo município. Sustenta-se que a formação continuada dos professores da RMEF, orientada por entes privados, inscreve-se na denominada “privatização de novo tipo” (FALLEIROS; NEVES, 2015), usurpando o fundo público no contexto da financeirização do capital. Por conseguinte, refletem-se os limites da democratização da educação diante deste quadro, em que se promove a condução da formação dos professores por meio das parcerias público-privadas, difundindo valores e pressupostos político-ideológicos do empresariado.
GOVERNANÇA EM REDE E PARCERIAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS EM EDUCAÇÃO NO ESTADO DO RS
Authors: Cóssio Maria De Fátima , Scherer Susana Schneid
Published: August 2019

Este artigo aborda dados parciais da pesquisa em desenvolvimento pelo NEPPE/UFPEL cujo objetivo é analisar os possíveis efeitos das parcerias público-privadas nos sistemas públicos de educação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para tanto, aprofundaram-se os conceitos de Nova Gestão Pública (NGP) e de Governança, entendendo-os como centrais para a compreensão do cenário em que se instauram e proliferam as PPPs e as redes de políticas educacionais. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e a metodologia de etnografia de rede de Stephen Ball (2014) na coleta dos dados. Inicialmente realizou-se o mapeamento das instituições privadas que, de forma mais recorrente, atuam nos sistemas públicos. Desse levantamento, foram evidenciadas cinco instituições: Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS), Instituto Natura, Sistema de Crédito Cooperativo (SICREDI), Associação dos Fumicultores do Brasil (AFUBRA) e Federação Nacional das Associações Atléticas do Banco do Brasil (FENABB). Após localizar os principais parceiros de cada ente, adaptaram-se às propriedades de rede, sugeridas por Tichy e colaboradores (1979), e citadas por Lopes e Baldi (2009), buscando contemplar a diversidade de esferas dessas relações e a natureza das ligações, observando questões de conteúdo, intensidade, reciprocidade, clareza, multiplexidade; e características estruturais como tamanho, densidade, clustering e centralidade. As análises das redes permitiram identificar as relações entre os parceiros e visualizar algumas aproximações com relação às propostas de cada um destes entes atuantes na educação do Estado do RS.
Gênero, corpo e beleza no discurso publicitário
Authors: Viegas Paula
Published: August 2019

Buscando reconhecer as estratégias discursivas que estão sendo utilizadas em anúncios publicitários direcionados à mulher, o presente estudo se propõe a realizar uma análise semiolinguística, com o intuito de refletir sobre a publicidade persuasiva brasileira e suas marcas de gênero no Brasil. A televisão e o varejo de moda foram escolhidos como meio e segmento a serem observados, respectivamente, através dos anúncios de três empresas – Marisa, Renner e Riachuelo. Pode-se perceber que atualmente, mesmo tentando romper com certos discursos tradicionais a respeito da mulher, a publicidade ainda não consegue se desvincular de estratégias discursivas clássicas e reducionistas no processo de sedução e persuasão do seu público-alvo, sobretudo em se tratando de televisão.