bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Involvement of Frontal Sinuses in a Pott's Puffy Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Palacios-García José María , Moreno-Luna Ramón , Molina-Fernandez Elena , Sanchez-Gomez Serafin
Published: March 2021

Aim and objective

A case report with review of the literature.

Background

Pott's puffy tumor is an uncommon complication of frontal sinusitis. Nevertheless, an increase in the frequency of cases has been reported over the last 10 years. The presence of both frontal sinuses in the production of Pott's puffy tumor has never been described before.

Case description

A 15-year-old boy was evaluated in the emergency department by tumor and pruritus at the right frontal level. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a disruption of the right frontal sinus with a subperiosteal abscess. During surgery, it was discovered the involvement of both frontal sinuses. A combined bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery and external approach were used.

Conclusion

This pathology must be kept in mind in the case of an adolescent patient with a frontal tumor. Surgery is the most important factor in the treatment of this pathology together with a targeted antibiotic treatment.

How to cite this article

Palacios-García JM, Moreno-Luna R, Molina-Fernandez E,et al. Bilateral Involvement of Frontal Sinuses in a Pott's Puffy Tumor: A Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2019;11(3):67–69.
Caseous Rhinosinusitis: Fungal or Bacterial Ball?
Authors: Boiko Natalia V
Published: March 2021

Background

The fungal ball is a common type of fungal rhinosinusitis. The fungal ball appears to be unstructured caseous masses revealed during the surgical treatment.

Aim and objective

To analyze the contents of the paranasal sinuses in 168 patients with the clinically suspected fungal ball who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Study design

A total of 168 patients aged between 19 and 63 with fungal ball clinical diagnosis admitted to the ENT Department of Rostov State Medical University, Russia, were involved in the study between January 2009 and July 2018.

Materials and methods

Tissue samples obtained from the affected sinuses underwent microscopic, microbiological, and histopathological examination.

Results

Fungi presence was confirmed in 148 out of 168 patients. In 20 cases, the presence of fungi in the caseous masses, obtained during the operation, was not revealed by any diagnostic method, and in 19 out of 20 patients, different types of bacteria were detected in diagnostically significant titers, most often Bacteroides spp.—in five patients, Staphylococcus spp.—in five patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa—in three patients, two cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two cases of Actinomyces spp. To characterize such findings, the term “bacterial ball” by analogy with the “fungal ball” was earlier suggested.

Conclusion

Caseous masses found during sinus surgery is often considered to be a clinical diagnosis validation. Meanwhile, the said caseous masses may not only manifest a fungal disease, but also bacterial colonization, which determines the postoperative treatment.

How to cite this article

Boiko NV. Caseous Rhinosinusitis: Fungal or Bacterial Ball? Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2019;11(3):64–66.
Review on optimization of CNC Turning Process Parameters for Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate Using Taguchi, GRA, and RSM Approaches
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India., A Neeraj , S. Dhami Sukhdeep ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the realization of a fine surface finish is the main objective of the metal cutting industry during the turning processes.This work consists of an analysis of the work carried out by the researchers in the field of filming process parameters, to Examine the impact of speed, cutting speed (feed), and depth of cut in a computer numeric control machine. This study will provide insight into current trends research in the area of Taguchi, Grey Relational Analysis, Response Surface Method, ANOVA & CNC Turning.
Cross-national validation of the resources depletion-recovery model: An empirical study of Spanish and British theme park employees
Authors: Quinones Cristina , Rodríguez-Carvajal Raquel , Griffiths Mark D. , Clarke Nicholas R.
Published: March 2021

Surface acting (SA) refers to the strategy whereby front-line employees hide their own emotions and fake those required of them within their role within customer service transactions. Although researchers have associated SA with burnout, evidence now suggests that this could be an indirect relationship. Building on the Conservation of Resources theory, it was hypothesised that the combined effect of emotional effort and lack of rewarding interactions with customers triggered by SA would explain the strong association between SA and burnout (Studies 1 and 2).  Furthermore, building on psychological recovery literature, it was hypothesised that the effort invested in SA would be a weaker predictor of front-line employees’ burnout in cases when they reported higher levels of recovery ability as opposed to lower levels (Study 2). A cross-national and cross-sectional design was used, and participants were theme park employees from UK (Study 1, NUK =204) and Spain (Study 2, NSpain=211). The explanatory role of emotional effort and rewarding interactions was supported, and the buffering effect of recovery ability was confirmed. Strategies aimed at minimising burnout risk for employees who deal with customers on a regular basis in these countries are discussed.
Can Psychomotricity improve cognitive abilities in infants?
Authors: Mas Maria Teresa , Castellà Judit
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether participating in a psychomotricity programme at an early age improves cognition. Thirty infants (11 to 22 months of age) participated in the study. The Merrill-Palmer-R test was administered before the intervention in order to measure the General Index of Development, Cognition and Motor Abilities. One group performed one session of psychomotricity per week, another group received two sessions per week, and a third group , the control, did not perform any sessions. After intervention, the test scales were administered again. The group who received two weekly sessions obtained higher scores in all measures after intervention compared to baseline. The results suggest that systematic practice of psychomotricity can improve general development and cognition in infants, and that it could thus be useful to implement this methodology in educative intervention.
Los contrarios en el aula de clase cuando se aprende a leer y a escribir
Authors: Portilla Claudia , Teberosky Ana , Peró Maribel
Published: March 2021

En este estudio se analizan las producciones orales y escritas de listas de palabras contrarias de niños de 5 y 6 años, y su evolución después de una secuencia didáctica en el aula de clase. Las palabras contrarias fueron el contenido de aprendizaje cuando los niños aprendían a leer y a escribir siguiendo el criterio de que la eficacia de la enseñanza de la lengua aumenta cuando se apoya en las competencias lingüísticas de los alumnos. En el análisis, las producciones se describieron y compararon para determinar diferencias entre lo oral y lo escrito, y entre los momentos anteriores y posteriores a la intervención. En la secuencia didáctica se identificaron los procesos subyacentes al aprendizaje de las palabras contrarias. Los resultados muestran un incremento de vocabulario tanto en las tareas orales como en las escritas después de la intervención, con algunas diferencias entre modalidades que son descritas. Este incremento se interpreta a partir de los patrones expresados en las tareas de aprendizaje, su carácter encadenado y la evolución de las sesiones a través del trabajo con textos de literatura infantil que favorecieron la capacidad metalingüística y las posibilidades de escritura y lectura.
Fear of Missing Out, online social networking and mobile phone addiction: A latent profile approach
Authors: Fuster Héctor , Chamarro Ander , Oberst Ursula
Published: March 2021

Background and aims: Fear of missing out (FoMO) is described as a pervasive unpleasant sensation that others might be having rewarding experiences of which one is not part, as well as the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing. It has shown to play an important mediating role in predicting negative outcomes of heavy use of these networks. The aim of the present study was to analyze the different profiles found among users. Methods: 5,280 Spanish speaking social media users from Latin America replied in an online survey to the Spanish version of the FoMO scale, to a short set of questionnaires on online social network use (frequency, intensity and type of access) and indicators of mobile phone addiction. Results: FoMO correlated with the number of different networks used and with all indicators of social network use and mobile phone addiction. Using a Latent Profile Analysis, four classes of users were identified: low-engagement light users, high-engagement heavy users, high-engagement low-risk users, and high-engagement high-risk users; individuals from the fourth class can be considered at risk for developing addiction to online social networks (7.6 % of the sample). Discussion: Accessing the social networks via the mobile phone and presenting addictive behavior seem to be important correlates of FoMO.
Tinder y conductas sexuales de riesgo en jóvenes españoles
Authors: Wu Salmeron Oscar
Published: March 2021

La popularidad de las apps móviles con geolocalización permite ampliar el círculo social de muchas personas, pero existen escasas investigaciones acerca del impacto que puedan tener sobre la salud de los usuarios. Tinder es la app con geolocalización más popular y resulta conveniente analizar cómo afecta a la sexualidad de los usuarios y si puede propiciar conductas de riesgo. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar los efectos del uso de Tinder: la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, compulsividad sexual y conductas sexuales de riesgo, como el sexo sin preservativo, sexo con múltiples parejas y sexo no consentido. Participaron 262 sujetos de entre 18 y 30 años, 133 usuarios de Tinder y 129 no usuarios. Los usuarios de Tinder obtuvieron puntuaciones mayores en búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y compulsividad sexual que los no usuarios. No hubo diferencias en las conductas sexuales de riesgo, salvo que los usuarios de Tinder hacen un mayor uso del preservativo. En conclusión, pese a puntuar más alto en compulsividad sexual y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, los usuarios de Tinder tienen sexo más seguro que los no usuarios porque presentan mayor uso de preservativo y no hay diferencias en el resto de conductas sexuales de riesgo.
EGG PRODUCTION PATTERNS IN LOCAL CHICKENS AND THEIR CROSSES IN THE SHORT-TERM
Authors: Omeje S. S. I. , Nwosu C . C.
Published: March 2021

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COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND CARCASS PERFORMANCE OF PROGENIES SIRED BY PUREBRED LARGE WHITE AND HAMPSHIRE BOARS AND THEIR CROSSES WITH THE NIGERIAN LOCAL BREED
Authors: Adebambo O .A.
Published: March 2021

THE performance of progenies sired by purebred Large White and Hampshire boars and their crosses with Nigerian local breed — the Large White x Local and Hampshire x Local boars was compared from birth to slaughter at 60kg liveweight using 4 boards each of the different breeds and crosses. 4 boars from each of 16 litters sired per breed compris­ing 4 dams mated per sire were evaluated. Feeding was twice daily up to a maximum of 2.00kg meal per day. Among the boar genotypes, significant differences in performance between progeny was found for the backfat thickness (P 0.01). Carcass length and average daily gain (P 0.05). The progenies of the Hampshire boar were 0.61kg heavier than those of the crossbred boar at birth, had higher weaning weight (2kg heavier) and a significantly different (P 0.05) average daily gain to slaughter. The progenies of purebred boars were 4.04 and 6.89 days earlier to slaughter, had 1.4 and 1.5% higher carcass yield but 1.9 — 3.44mm higher back-fat than the progenies from corresponding crossbred boars. Significant breed differences were noted in the prime cuts of the carcasses.
SOME ANTI-NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS IN NIGERIA COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED MEALS
Authors: Ikurior S. A. , Fetuga B. L. A.
Published: March 2021

Cottonseed of three Nigerian commercial varieties of cotton, three locational composite seed cotton and cottonseed meals were investigated with respect to their content of gossypol (free and total), tannins, phytin and phytin phosphorus. Free and total gossypol ranged from 1.14 to 1.34% and 1.21 to 1.59%, respectively in cottonseed kernels, and 0.028 to 0.064% and 0.413 to 0.831%, respectively in cotton seed meals. Varietal and environmental factors appeared to influence the gossypol content of cottonseed while the variability in the meals was due to the effects of conditions under which the seed was processed. Tannins ranged from 26.25 to 38.50 mg/100g in the seed kernels and 3.13 to 6.75 mg/100g in the meals. From all indications varietalIocational and processing factors appeared to influence the tannin content of the seed and meals in a similar manner as they influenced the gossypol content. Phytin and phytin phosphorus did not vary appreciably between or within seed type, neither did processing of seed appear to affect their contents in the meals.
EFFECT OF BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ON GESTATION LENGTH IN COWS
Authors: Anagor P. O. , McGaugh J.
Published: March 2021

In an effort to determine the effects of barometric pressure on the length of gestation in cattle, two sets of data on calving dates with their corresponding barometric pressure readings were evaluated statistically. The first set of data were from three herds (367 calves), and were collected for two different periods - fall of 1979 and spring of 1980. Chi-square was used to test for significance. Result indicated that there was no significant difference between the rate of parturition in cattle and changes in barometric pressure (X2 = 7.331, df = 2, P 0.05). The second set of data were on the length of gestation for two herds (94 calves) of different breeds. The cows were artificially inseminated. Multiple regression was performed between (Y variables) the deviation of each gestation length from 283 days i.e. the average gestation length of cattle and X Variables, the average barometric pressures during four six - hour periods on days of parturition and for three days prepartum (1:00 - 6:00 a.m. day of birth; 6:00 – 12:00 p.m. DB; 12:00 6:00 p.m. DB; 6:00 - 12:00 a.m. DB; 6:00 – 12:00 a.m. D3).
HAEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES (IN THE GUINEA FOWL (Numida rneteagris (Pallas): H. EFFECT OF AGE, SEX AND TIME OF BLEEDING ON PROTEIN AND ELECTROLYTE LEVELS IN BLOOD SERUM OF GUINEA FOWLS.
Authors: Orji B. I. , Okeke G. C. , Ojo O. O.
Published: March 2021

The blood serum protein and electrolyte levels as well as the effects of age, sex and time of bleeding on these were investigated in a 2x2x2 factorial experiment using twenty four mature guinea fowls(Numedia melagris pallas). The results showed fiat the serum proteins and major electrolyte levels — sodium . (ppm), potassium. (ppm) calcium (mg/100 ml), magkesium (mg/100 ml) and phosphates mg/100ml) were res­pectively 2.45 ±0.04, 3231 56 ±107.52, 1301. 26 ±33.01, 14.16+0.0.54, 4.18+0.10 and 6.43 -_+_0.22. Sex, time of bleeding and some­times age and their interactions had signifi­cant effect on the levels of these parameters in blood, Correlations between these were also calculated.
CHANGES IN ANATOMICAL POINTS OF GUINEA HENS IN LAY
Authors: Ayorinde K. L.
Published: March 2021

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A NOTE ON CORN COBS IN SHEEP DIET
Authors: ALOKAN J. A.
Published: March 2021

Twelve West African dwarf lambs 11 to 15 months of age and weighing 7.0 to 10.0 kg were randomized into three groups. Each group was fed diets containing zero, twenty-five and fifty percent corn cobs as replacer for hay (Cynodon nlemfuensis) in maize and groundnut cake-based media. Two mates from each treatment group were later placed in individual metabolic cages for digestibility experiments. Results showed that dry matter (DM) intake, weight gain, efficiency of fed utilization and nutrient digestibility values were similar for animals on rations A (zero corn cobs, 50% hay) and B (25% corn cobs, 25% hay) which were higher than values obtained for animals on ration C (50% corn cobs, zero hay). Results obtained also suggested that 25% ground corn cobs could be successfully incorporated into the diets of West African dwarf sheep for optimal utilization.
A NOTE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF SOME DRY SEASON FORAGES FED TO GOATS
Authors: ADEGBOLA T. A. , MECHA I.
Published: March 2021

The chemical composition of the leaves of three trees, Acioa baneri, Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Mangifera indica (Mango) and an herb, Aspillia africana (Hemorrhage plant), their dry matter intake (DMI, g/day) and digestibilities (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (0M), crude protein (CP) a crude fibre (CF) were determined in West African dwarf goats. The chemical composition of three grass species, Andropogon gayanus (Guinea grass), Cynodon nlemfuensis (Giant star grass) and Panicum maximum (Guinea grass was also determined to compare with those of the browses. The browses had higher CP (8.1-31.3%), acid detergent lignin (6.9-15.1%), Calcium (0.5-2.3%) and lower CF (9.6-23.5%) than the grasses which had 3.2-4.9% CP, 4.3-8.1% lignin, 0.43- 0.53% Ca and 24.4-28.1% CF. The consumption of fresh forages (g/d) varied from 193 on Acioa baneri to 918 on Aspilia africana. The highest DM intake was obtained on Aspilia africana, Apparent digestibility values (%) were: DM, 59.9&69.7; OM, 61.0-71.1; CP. 40.9-68.2 and CF, 39.3-64.9. Acioa batereri was the least digested of the forages. The higher CP content of the browses and their availability and acceptability by goals during the dry season in contrast 10 the low CP of the grasses indicates their potential for feeding goats. Acioa barteri is unsuitable as sole food for goats
Morning and evening milk yield of imported German Holstein cattle in a hot humid tropical environment
Authors: Adeneye J. A.
Published: March 2021

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COMPARISON OF SCALE WEIGHTS TO TAPE ESTIMATES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH CONDITION SCORES IN BUNAJI CATTLE
Authors: MANI R. I. , ABDULLAHI A. R. , KAUFMANN. R. VON
Published: March 2021

Animal weighing facilities are not available in many African farming conditions. Indirect methods of estimating animals weights have been compared with scale weights and, in some cases. condition scores. The use of calibrated weigh bands is not widely practised probably because calibrations were based on temperate breeds. A study was carried out to determine the relationship between scale, tape measurement and weighband estimates of Bunaji cattle. These were then related to the animals' condition scores. Both the tape measurement and management and research purposes. When weigh band weights significantly (P<0.001) correlated (r = 0.95 and 0.94 respectively) with the  scale weight. Condition score significantly is (P<0.001) correlated with the tape meaşurement, scale and weighband weights (r = 0.62, 0.67 and 0.64 respectively). The correction factors of the regression coefficients of determining weight from condition score for the three methods varied by only 3.92. It is suggested breed. that in the absence of weighing facilities, reliable estimates can be obtained by either tape measurement or weighband methods. Condition score can also reliably be used to estimate the weight using the regression coefficients obtained. Weighbands will be easier to use in field conditions. The need to calculate the weight from a formula could introduce errors when using the tape measurement method.
Genetic Analysis Of Rabbit Litter Traits At Birth And Weaning
Authors: Odubote I. K , Somade B.
Published: March 2021

Data on 260 litters were used to provide therefore to estimate the heritability and estimates of heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlations for litter traits at birth and at weaning. Breed, sire within breed and doe within sire effects were found to be significant, (P<0.05) for litter size at birth and at weaning and for litter weight at birth and at weaning. Heritability estimates of 0.33±0.08, 0.38±0.02, 0.03±0.02 and 0.16±0.05 were obtained for litter birth weight, litter size at birth, litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight, respectively. Repeatability estimates were found to be generally moderate to high. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant (P<0.01). Selection for litter size at birth and litter birth weight are likely to result in improved litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight respectively.
The Drought in Nigeria: Cause, Control and Prevention
Authors: Mohammed I.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Soya Bean Meal and Starea Blocks as Protein Supplements for Gestating Beef Cows on Weathered Range
Authors: Shiawoya E. L. , Harbers L. H. , Evans J. D. , Mckee R. M.
Published: March 2021

Fifty-two pregnant Hereford and Angus cows, divided according to weight and age into two equal groups, were compared as to their weight changes when grazed on weathered range and fed either soya bean or Starea blocks for 80 days. Weight changes were similar for cows on both protein supplements. As the trials progressed, consumption of Starea supplement declined; that of soya bean meal block remained constant. Cows fed Starea blocks had higher rebreeding rates than did those fed soya meal and their calves (when weaned) weighed more, though differences were not statistically significant.
The Effect of Payzone on Growth Rate and Feed Efficiency of Broiler Chicks
Authors: Obioha E. C. , Okorie A. U.
Published: March 2021

Including Payzone at 10ppm in the ration of broiler chicks produced highly significant increases in both average body weight (P<0.05) and total gains (P <0.05). Average gains were also significantly higher (P <0.05) for the Payzone-treated birds. Feed efficiency, carcass weights, liver and pectoral muscle weights were also increased, but not signicantly by Payzone feeding. There was no significant difference in either carcass characteristics or quality, but mortality was 10.5% higher in the control than the Payzone-treated group. When Payzone was fed from eight weeks, there was a detectable increase in feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and total gain all in favour of the treatment. On the other hand when Payzone was fed from nine weeks, efficiency of feed conversion was slightly lower, on the average, for the treatment. Significant differences were obtained only when Payzone feeding was started from day- old. These results tend to indicate that the optimum effectiveness of Payzone in broiler feeds would lie in the starter stage-a stage when it would seem logical that its bacteriostatic effect on the growing chick would be most efficacious and beneficial.
Replacement Of Fish Meal With Maggots In Broiler Diets: Effects On Performance And Nutrient Retention
Authors: Atteh J. O. , Ologbenla F. D.
Published: March 2021

The effects of replacing 0, 33.3, 66.7 or 100% of dietary fish meal (9%) with housefly maggots (Musca domestica. Linn) was investigated using broilers from day old to 5 weeks of age. 
Increasing the dietary level of maggots reduced feed intake and weight gain while increasing the feed: gain ratio (P>0.05), There was however no significant effect of dietary maggots on mortality rate (P>0.05). Replacement of dietary fish meal with maggots caused significant reduction in nitrogen retention (P<0.05) but an increase in fat retention (P>0.05). There was no significant effect of replacing dietary fish meal with maggots on the metabolizable energy value of the diets (P>0.05). 
It is concluded that maggots could replace only 33% of dietary fish meal (9%) without compromising performance and nutrient retention in broiler chicks. The cost of harvesting and processing maggots is about 15% of equivalent weight of fish meal, making even partial replacement of fishmeal with maggots economical.
The Utilization Of Complete Diets Containing Soyabean Haulms By Goats
Authors: Adu I. F. , Osuhor C.U.
Published: March 2021

Sixteen Yearling Red Sokoto goats were used to determine the effect of complete diet feeding on intake and nutrient utilization of diets based on soyabean haulm. Three diets in which soyabean haulm constituted 40, 50 and 60% of the mixture were compared with a control diet in which soyabean haulm was offered separately but supplemented with a concentrate mixture. Total feed intake, liveweight gain and feed efficiency were significantly (PO.05) better in goats fed complete diets particularly at the 40 and 50 levels of soyabean haulm inclusion. The results of the study showed that the utilization of soyabean haulın can be further enhanced by mixing it with other concentrate feeds.
Replacing Maize And Wheat Offal In Diet Of Cockerels With Sun-dried Cassava Peel Meal: Effect On The Digestibility Of Cell Wall Constituents.
Authors: Ogbonna J. U. , Adebowale E. A. , Tewe O. O. , Longe O. G.
Published: March 2021

The effect of replacing dietary maize and wheat offal with varying levels of sun-dried cassava peel meal (CPM) containing cyanide on the digestibility of the cell wall constituents in cockerels were determined. Four hundred and ninety-two day-old Hyperco cockerels were raised on four experimental diets designated A, B, C and D and containing 0, 17.71, 22.30 and 45.64, respectively, sun-dried CPM at the starters phase and 0, 20.41, 24.95 and 51.75% at the finisher phase. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments were observed in the intake of all the cell wall constituents at both phases. It was observed that while birds on diet B consistently recorded the lowest intake of the cell wall constituents with the highest digestibility values, those on diet C consistently recorded the highest intake with the low digestibility values. However, it was observed that the lower the dietary cyanide levels, the lower the retention of NDF and ADL in both the starter and finisher phases.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF HELMINTH DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA
Authors: Ahmed M. I. , Nwosu C. O. , Srivastava G. C.
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted to assess the economic losses due to parasitic diseases of livestock slaughtered in Maiduguri Municipal abattoir between January, 1982 and December, 1987. In decreasing order of economic importance the prevailing diseases recorded were cysticercosis, bydatidosis, fascioliasis, oesophagostomiasis, and aortic onchocerciasis. An estimated N886,080 was lost in all animals as a result of parasitism. This represented a toss of N734,875; N38,8211; N44,885 and N67,500 respectively in cattle, sheep, goats and camels. The public health aspects and the implications of the traditional livestock management system on the epidemiology of the parasitic diseases are highlighted.
MICROBIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE ORAL AND PUMP METHODS OF INFLATING GOAT CARCASSES
Authors: Popoola O. , Alonge D. O.
Published: March 2021

Two methods of inflating goat carcasses prior to dehairing - the oral and the mechanical pump • are compared for efficiency and microbial contamination. The mechanical pump method was found to be two times faster, to have less total bacterial load with no pathogenic organism as seen in the oral method.
THE EFFECTS OF PRESLAUGHTER WITHHOLDING OF FEED AND WATER FROM RABBITS ON THEIR CARCASS YIELD AND MEAT QUALITY,
Authors: Joseph K. J. , Awosanya B. , Adebua B. A.
Published: March 2021

Ninety rabbits (California White breed) with an average weight of 2.3kg were allocated at random to one of nine treatments to assess the effects of withholding feed alone or feed together with water on darcass shrinkage and meat quality. The nine treatments were: The control (given ad libitun feed and water), and 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours periods without feed alone prior to slaughter and 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours without feed and water. Live and carcass weights were taken to monitor shrinkage. Other relevant meat quality parameters such as protein content, pll, index of water holding capacity, colour and wetness scores, cooking losses and the percentage gross composition of the carcass were determined. Live and carcass Weights, weights of head, liver, kidneys and heart decreased progressively as the length of fasting period increased. The progressive decreases in weights were found to be more pronounced in animals from which feed together with water were withdrawn. Within 24 hours of fasting, decreases in weights were found to be significant (P<0.05). Ultimate pH and index of water holding capacity of the meats also increased with the increase in lenght of fasting period, with a concomitant decrease in cooking losses. The fat ratio of the carcass component decreased with increase in length of fasting. A preslaughter period of only a few hours between 0 and 12 hours is therefore recommended for rabbit meat processing.
COPPER AND IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS, ORGAN WEIGHTS, TISSUE COPPER AND IRON
Authors: AGUNBIADE J. A. , BABATUNDE G. M.
Published: March 2021

The study which lasted 3 months was a factorial arrangement in which nine dietary treatments resulting from supplementation of a commercial layers diet with 0, 200 or 400 mg/kg Copper and 0, 100 or 200 mg/kg Iron were fed to 135 fifty two-week old laying hens of the Golden Hubbard Connect Strain. After 12 weeks on the diets, three birds, randomly selected from each treatment, were slaughtered and their blood, liver, spleen and heart analysed for effect of supplementary copper and iron on haemoglobin content, packed cell volume and weights of the liver, spleen and heart and their copper and iron concentrations. No significant effects of supplementary copper or Iron or their interaction were observed on haemoglobin, packed cell volume or weights of the liver, spleen and heart. However, dietary iron supplementation produced significant (P<0.05) effects on iron storage in the liver and spleen but not on copper storage. On the other hand, copper addition significantly (P<0.05) increased liver storage of copper and spleen storage of iron. Supplementary copper and iron Interaction effects which were not significant for all other measurements, were observed to be significant (P<0.05) for liver copper and Iron concentrations and spleen copper concentration and highly significant (P<0.01) for spleen iron concentration.
SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE ANTIBODY IN LOCAL CHICKEN
Authors: KEMBI F. A. , ONIFADE O. A.
Published: March 2021

Serological evidence for infectious bursal disease virus antibody in local chicken in Ago-Iwoye area of Ogun State was detected using agar gel precipitation test. 51 out of the 98 sera samples tested were positive for precipitating antibody against infectious bursal disease.
THE EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED GLIRICIDIA sepium AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCOEPHALA
Authors: Odeyinka S. M. , Ademosun A. A.
Published: March 2021

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.
EFFECT OF AUTOCLAVING ON THE ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF COWPEA VARIETIES.
Authors: OKE D. B. , FETUGA B. L. A. , TEWE O. O.
Published: March 2021

Some antinutritional factors were extacted and qualified from and autoclaved cowpea varities. All the cow varities in the raw state contained trypsin, inhibitor, lectins HCN, tannic acid and phytic acid. Autoclaving destroyed all the trypsin inhibitor and lectins but significantly reduced HCN level while tannic and phytic acids were heat-stable. In the raw sample, values obtained for these compound in seqeunce, were 10.88 to 33.74 TIU/mg protein 28.56 to 76.57 Hu/mg protein, 1.55 to 3.90mg/1009, 0.21 to 0.39mg/g and 422.27 to 543.A2mg/100g respectively. Autoclaved samples contained 0.73 to 1.32mg/100 g, 0.17 to 0.36mg/g and 314.97 to 420.54mg/100g HCN, tannic acid and phytic acid respective. The amount of total phosphorus that remained Cowpea varieties used for this study are bound to phytic acid which is unavailable nutritionally ranged from 29.60 to 33.15%. Antinutritional factors concentrations differed between varieties (P<0.001).
CONSUMPTION TREND OF MODERN DAIRY PRODUCTS AND PROJECTIONS OF DAIRY CATTLE REQUIREMENTS IN NIGERIA
Authors: OGUNTADE A. E. , BAMIRE A. S.
Published: March 2021

This study estimates the requirements for modern dairy products as Liquid Milk Equivalents (LME) and the size cattle herd that can produce the LME under the different scenarios of milk yield/offtake. Four dairy products viz: Condensed and Evaporated milk; Dry Milk Powder (skim and whole); Butter; Cheese and Curd were studied based on data obtained from secondary sources and analysed by trend projections based on regression analytical approach while standard conversion factors were used to convert each category of dairy product to its LME requirements were then used to estimate the National cattle population. Results showed that the LME requirements to meet the demand for Condensed and Evaporated Milk as well as Dry Powdered Milk vary from 13,480 tonnes in 1990 to 13,576 tonnes in year 2,000. Given the current consumption trend of these products, Nigeria has the required cattle herd potential to produce the LME. However, the establishment of appropriate milk collection logistics and adequate milk processing facilities are the demand necessary prerequisites.
UTILIZATION OF CROP RESIDUES AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AS COMPLETE DIETS FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP AND GOATS
Authors: ADEBOWALE E. A. , TAIWO A. A.
Published: March 2021

Two experiments consisting of three dietary treatments each were conducted on the use of crop residues and agro-industrial wastes for formulating complete diets for growing West production. African dwarf sheep and goats. Growth Performance and digestibility studies were carried out with the animals, In experiment  Crude protein (CP), ash and gross energy levels increased from diet 1 to diet 3 while the crude fibre contents decreased progressively. Sheep consumed more nutrients (P<0.01) than goats. In the streep, the highest dry matter intake (DMI) was on diet 2 (74.1y/kyw 0.75). However,the intakes of CP and energy on diets 2 and 3 d were similar (P1.05). Energy intake was highest in diet 3 for goats, while DMI (47.6g/kW0.75 .) was comparable (P>0.05) to those on diets 1and 2 (50.5 and 45.0y/kyW0.75 respectively. Various strategies Sheep and goats digested DM, CP and energy similarly (P>0.05). Diet 3 was the most digestible (P<0.01) for energy in both species. Digestibility of DM and CP was best in diet 3 for sheep. The highest (P<0.05) weight gain of 60.3y/day was for sheep on diet 3. The best feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was also recorded for the same diet for sheep (10.0%) and goat (9.2%). In Experiment 2, crude protein levels fibre decreased from diets 1 to 3. Concentrations of HCN (16.7 and 19.3mg/kgfor primary diets 1 and 2 respectively) were low. Sheep consumed more (P<0.05) DM than goats (83.8 and 79.5g/kg w respectively) while CP was consumed similarly (P>0.05), Goats digested DM (68.2% better (P<0.05) than sheep (59.6%). Diets did not influence (P>0.05) the DM digestibility within the two species. The highest (P<0.05) weight changes were recorded on diet in 3 for sheep and goats (112.4 and 55.2g/dey
THE INFLUENCE OF DATE OF PLANTING AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH COMPONENTS OF COLUMBUS GRASS (SORGHUM ALMUM)
Authors: Muhammad I. R. , Kallah M. S , Otchere E. O. , Otchere J. P. , Alawa J. P. , Tanko R. J. , Olorunju S. A. S.
Published: March 2021

Trials were conducted at Gangora in the northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria during the 1990 and 1991 rainy seasons. The effects of date of planting (4th,14th, 24th June and 4th  July) and levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50,100, 150 and 200kg/ha) on growth components of Sorghum almum  were investigated. Planting in mid-June (14th June) in 1990 and early-July (4th July) in 1991 resulted in superior stand established and dry matter yields (p<0.05) than other dates. In mid-June and early-July planting 14 day post-planting, plant densities were 7.0 and 9.0 culms/m2 while plant heights were 20.4 and 11.3cm for the respective years. It had high tillering capacity and irrespective of date of planting (except for early-June planting) plant densities by 56 days post-planting (DPP) were greater than 100 culms/m2. Plant height at this stage were greater than 100 culms/m2 and were generally above 200cm. ninety DPP the pasture was at full bloom/hard dough stage. Dm yields then ranged from 8.0 to 11.4 tDM/ha in 1990 and 9.6 to 14.7 tDM/ha in 1991. Similarly seed yield for the respective years were 894.7 and 836.3 kg/ha. Fertilizer application (p<0.05) plant vigour, tillering and dry matter yield up to the highest N applied. In the first years trial, plant density at 35 days post-planting ranged from 12.0 to 29.0 culms/m2 while in the second year the ranged was 13.0 to 26.0 culms/m2. The corresponding values at 56 DPP (i.e 42 days following N application) were 32.0 to 81.0 and 45.0 to 101.0 culms/m2. Dry matter yields rose steadily from 6.5 to 12.5 tDM/ha in 1990 and from 8.9 to 13.6 tDM/ha in 1991 as fertilizer was increased 0 to 200 kgN/ha. Seed yield during the same period for the respective years varied from 416.0 to 753.0kg/ha. This study has shown that planting between mid-June and early-July with fertilize application of 100 to 200 khN/ha favour S. almum establishment and production in the northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
ESTIMATE OF GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS FOR LITTER SIZE AND WEANING WEIGHT IN YANKASA SHEEP
Authors: Olayemi M. E. , Osinowo O. A. , Dim N. I , Eduvie L. O.
Published: March 2021

Data on 964 and 1150 weaning weight and litter size records respectively, collected over a 10years period on Yankasa Sheep breeding project at the National Animal Production Research Institute (N.A.P.R.I), Zaria, were used in the study. The analysis was for estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for litter size and weaning weight in Yankasa sheep. Estimates of heritability for litter size and weaning weight were obtained from paternal half sib intraclass correlation. The genetic and phenotypic relationship between the litter size and weaning weight were estimated from the covariance and variance components of the two traits. Least squares means of 1.18±0.02 and 10.67±0.11 were obtained for litter size and weaning weight, respectively. Heritability (h2) estimates of 0.18±0.07 and 0.63±0.01 were obtained, respectively, for litter size and weaning weight. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of 0.83±0.052 and 0.23±0.094 respectively, were obtained, between weaning weight and litter size
UDDER SIZE AND MILK PRODUCTION POTENTIALS OF GOATS AND SHEEP IN THE SOUTH WEST OF NIGERIA
Authors: Agbede J. O. , Ologun A. G. , Alokan J. A.
Published: March 2021

Twelve adult lactating goats and sheep (2 to 2 ½ years old) comprising three groups of four each of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats and sheep and Yankasa ewes used for a nine week trial. The animals kidded and lambed between January and March. During these periods the udder sizes of the dams were measured weekly before hand milking thrice a week to derermine the milk yield. Samples of the milk were analysed for their composition. The results showed that the udder size increased with increasing milk yield (112 – 248ml) up to the peak of lactation which was between weeks 3 and 4 after parturition. Thereafter it decreased in size till the end of the experiment. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the udder size was influenced by breed. Udder size was positively correlated with milk yield. Milk yields were generally low or and ranged between 39 and 70ml and this was dependent on the behavior of the lactation curve. The milk protein and ash contents for the three breeds were comparable to those of the temperate breeds. Though Yankasa sheep exhibited the highest milk production potential, yet the peculiar characteristics of goat milk cannot be overlooked.
The Composition, Nutrient Digestibility and Energy Value of Maize Cobs, Yam Peels and Plantain Peels for Three Weight Groups of Pigs
Authors: Fetuga B. L. , Babatunde G. M. , Olusanya O. A. , Oyenuga V. A.
Published: March 2021

THE proximate and mineral composition of yellow maize (YM), maize cobs (MC), yam peels (YP) and plantain peels (PP) were determined. Their digestion coefficients for dry matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were determined with 48 pigs at 18, 45 and 65 kg liveweight. In a second trial 60 pigs of similar weights were used to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen corrected ME (ME) for a basal diet and these feeds in diets in which 40; by weight of the test ingredients were added to the basal diet. The digestion coefficents of DM, CP, CF and EE for YM (92.0, 86.0, 76.7 and 88.6% respectively) were significantly better than the values of 83.4, 54.2, 71.7 and 38.4 and 79.5, 57.7, 70.2 and 55.7{ observed for YP and PP respectively. MC had significantly the least digestion coefficients for these nutrients (27.9, -18.5, 51.7 and 17.1%). The 18 kg pigs digested DM and CF to a lesser extent than the 45 or 65 kg pigs. There were no significant differences in CP, EE and NFE digestibility between weight groups. The DE and ME values of 3.14 and 2.98 and 3.15 and 2.94 kcals/g for YP and PP respectively were identical but significantly lower than the values of 4.0 and 3.68 for YM, MC had significantly the least DE, ME and ME% values. The ME values of 3.49, 2.95 and 2.94 kcal/g for YM, YP and PP were not significantly different, There were no significant differences in DE, ME or ME between the weight groups.
Determination of Optimum Protein and Energy Levels for Broiler Chicks in the Tropics
Authors: Olomu J. M.
Published: March 2021

THREE experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different protein levels (17, 20, 23 and 26%) and energy levels (2800, 3000 and 3200 KCals/Kg diet) on the performance of broiler chicks in the tropics. Maximum weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion were obtained on the rations containing 23 or 26% protein. As the dietary energy level increased, there was a slight depression in weight gain. The best performance of chicks was obtained on the rations containing 2800 KCals/Kg diet. Feed intake was observed to be inversely related to energy content, although in most cases not significantly so at each protein and energy series. Generally birds were observed to meet their energy requirements. From these studies, a protein level of 23 or 26% and energy level of 2800 or 3000 K Cal/Kg diet may be tentatively recommended for a tropical country like Nigeria.
Forage Potential of Photoperiod-Sensitive Millet (Pennisetum Americanum (Linn.) K.Schum.) in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Aken'ova M. E.
Published: March 2021

IN Nigeria, millet, an important cereal of the dry tropics, could be grown for forage in the low land forest zone where it is not normally cultivated and where the rainy season lasts eight or more months. To determine lis potential is in annual forage, 'maiwa', which is a short-day photoperiod-sensitive millet (Pennisetum americanum(Linn) K. Schum.), was evaluated in 1972 along with the following promising genotypes of three perennial forage grasses, for comparisons: Nchisi variety of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) S. 112, elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) S. 12 a local selection, and F1 Pennisetum hybrid No. 18 an interspecific hybrid of 'maiwa' millet and elephant grass. The perennial grasses were harvested every five weeks for dry matter (DM) yield estimation while 'maiwa' was first harvested five weeks after sowing and then every four weeks thereafter. Both total and daily DM production of 'maiwa' were significantly lower than those of all the perennial grasses. Annual DM production, average daily DM production and average DM content of 'maiwa', Guinea grass, elephant grass and the F1 Pennisetum hybrid were, respectively 10510, 18731, 16796 and 14900 kg/ha; 51.77, 89.19, 80.00, and 70.95 kg/ha; and 14.12, 19.32, 12.46 and 14.30%. However 'maiwa' contained significantly more leaf in the freshly cut herbage with 55% compared to 46, 43 and 43% for Guinea grass, elephant grass and F1 Pennisetum hybrid No. 18 respectively, When cut at four and five weeks crude protein (CP) values of ‘maiwa’ were 17.41 and 15.78% of DM respectively and were higher than those of Guinea grass (10.94 ind 10.14 elephant grass (12.68 11.17%) and the F1 Pennisetum hybrid (14.19 and 13.52%). Crude fibre (CF) values of 'maiwa' at four and five weeks were 26.06 and 27.96% of DM respectively while those of the perennial grasses ranged between 26.14 and 28. 61% and 27.35 and 30.64%, respectively. Mortality of 'maiwa' stands increased from 6% early in the rainy season to 75% at the beginning of the dry season when the study was terminated. When grazed in 1975, 66.7% of 'maiwa' DM on offer was consumed. The results indicated a superiority in quality of ‘maiwa' forage. Improvement in the level and seasonal distribution of 'maiwa' herbage production as well as quality can be realised through suitable agronomic practices as well as breeding.
SELECTION OF THE NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS FOWL FOR 12-WEEK BODY WEIGHT
Authors: Oluyemi J. A.
Published: March 2021

A FOUNDATION stock of 1171 male and 1210 female indigenous fowl supplied a breeding population which increased from 858 — 1627 over a period of seven generations (about 71 years) During the first three generations 30-38 % of males and females and subsequently about 2.4 — 2.7% males and 25 % females were selected positively for 12 weeks body weight. A non-selected flock mated population of 455 — 615 females and 53 — 70 males per generation provided basis for determining the response to selection. This amounted to 40.1 ± 0.37g, 36.9 ± 0.37g and 39.4 ± 0.37g per generation for male, female and the sexes combined respectively. The realised heritability estimates 0.27 ± 0 03 — 0.28 ± 0.03 appeared close to values obtained by within generation hierachial classification and suggested, no sex-linked effects for the selected trait in this population. The relatively low ultimate male and female mean weights, 760.0 ± 63.1g and 673.5 1 ± 79.0g respectively combined with the marked reduction in the variation of body weight that occurred as selection progressed indicate that the Nigerian indigenous fowl is not a potential broiler strain.