bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education through Entertainment in Contemporary African Society: An Examination of Wale Adenuga’s “Super Story” in Select Divisions of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: NASIR Taofiq Olaide , OLADEJI Florence Oluwakemi , AKINBOYE Adeyinka Juliet
Published: March 2022

The educational system in many contemporary African nations is faced with many challenges amongst which are the quest for effective teaching and learning methodology. This paper therefore examines the methodological value and inherent potentials within the ambits of drama/cultural performances that embraces ‘edu-tainment’ concepts to identifying a problem while seeking plausible means of finding solutions to the identified problems in a participatory induced order. ‘Edu-tainment’ in this order refers to a form of entertainment activity designed to educate, amuse or entertain and instruct by embedding lessons in form of live acts, television, computer, multimedia and video games. The suitability and preference of this educational mode especially amongst the youth is a sine-qua-non essentially because of their restless gabs and proneness to boredom. The viewership of Super Story among Ibadan South-West Local Government residents was analysed to elicit knowledge for improved educational access. Survey research method using multistage and convenient sampling techniques was used with 500 copies of questionnaire distributed. The analysis of data showed that 100% of the respondents watch soap opera series and super story while 71.4% maintained viewership due to captivating storylines. Further findings suggest that soaps can be used to preserve culture and improve educational access; carefully designed Entertainment-Education programmes are viable requiring the designing and conscious implementation of media messages with the aim of educating the target audience to fulfill the functions of information, education and entertainment.
A Case Study of Preservice Teachers’ Classroom Management Dilemma in a Climate of Uncertainty during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Polat Murat
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic process has brought with it a climate of uncertainty. This uncertain environment also contains a lot of uncertainty about classroom management for preservice teachers. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the metaphorical perceptions and views of preservice teachers about the source of the uncertainties they encounter in online courses conducted via Google Classroom. In this case study, the metaphors and opinions produced by the preservice teachers were evaluated. The results of content analysis revealed that the metaphorical perceptions of preservice teachers are grouped under two different themes. These themes are; “Students’ Individual Uncertainties” and “Environmental Uncertainties in Learning”. They use the metaphors of “dead end” and “confusion” to describe the environmental uncertainties they encounter in the classroom. It can be concluded that the metaphorical perceptions and views of the preservice teachers about the uncertainties they encounter in the online arrangements in Google Classroom overlap with each other.
Femtosecond Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers under Higher Order Effects: A Moment Method Approach
Authors: Koki Fessomon , Edah Gaston , Djossou GaEtan , Baloitcha Ezivi , Capo-Chichi Minadohona Maxime
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we use the moment method approach to investigate the evolution of pulse parameters in nonlinear medium.The pulse propagation is modelled by higher order nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation (NLSE). The application of moment method leads to variational equations that are be integrated by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method (RK4).The results obtained show the variations of some important parameters of the pulse namely the energy, the pulse position, the frequency shift, the chirp and the width. For this form of the NLSE, the energy and frequency don’t vary.The coefficient of quintic self phase modulation governs the dynamics of the pulse propagation. It reveals the effects of the quintic coefficient α.The moment method is able to study the dynamics of the optical pulse modelled by higher order nonlinear Schrodinger equations.
The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds and Micronutrients with Immune-enhancing Activity on the Prevention and Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Baştürk Ayhan , Ceylan M. Murat , Alaca Kevser , Yıldız Gülçin
Published: March 2022

While the world is fighting against SARS-CoV-2, this virus continues to mutate around the world, infecting with new variants and causing the death of people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, there were over 255 million confirmed cases and more than 5 million deaths globally as of November. To date, approximately 7.4 billion doses of vaccine have been administered. However, no therapeutic drugs have been found yet. By considering a significant part of the global population remains unvaccinated and the potential of the constantly mutating virus to become partially resistant to vaccines, it is understood that a healthy immune system is one of the important weapons in the fight against COVID-19. It is essential to consume food products containing sufficient amounts of bioactive compounds and micronutrients to strengthen overall immune functions and prevent this life-threatening infection. In the context of COVID-19, boosting the immune system has been considered a viable approach to both prevent and alleviate the infection. Bioactive compounds and micronutrients can present antiviral capacity either by interfering with target viruses directly by entering the defense mechanism or indirectly by activating adaptive immune system-related cells. This review presents the effects of bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, polyphenols), vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, K), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, copper, magnesium ), ω-3 fatty acids and probiotics on the body's defense mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. It also provides information on the evidence surrounding the specific effects of these compounds to potentially reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 patients, and how they may act in key immunological pathways.
Corn Silk as Biosorbent for Pb, Zn and Cu Removal: Batch and Fixed-bed Column Study
Authors: Simić Marija , Petrović Jelena , Šoštarić Tatjana , Mihajlović Marija , Koprivica Marija , Dimitrijević Jelena , Milojković Jelena
Published: March 2022

In this study, the minimization of heavy metal pollution was investigated. Accordingly, potential of corn silk as biosorbent of Pb, Zn and Cu from multimetal solution was considered in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Structural changes of corn silk before and after heavy metal removal were determined using SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses. For investigation of biosorption performance the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied at batch experimental results. Fast biosorption process and high adsorption capacity (0.382; 0.200 and 0.171 mmol g-1 for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, respectively) confirmed that the corn silk is suitable for heavy metals removal. In order to produce a novel and improved column package for fixed-column bed study implementation, the corn silk was immobilized with alginate. The fixed-bed column was saturated with Pb-Cu-Zn multimetal solution. The breaktrought time is 95, 100 and 90 min for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ respectively, where 87.5, 81.9 and 95.5% Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ was removed, respectively. Desorption sudy was performed in HNO3 (p.a.) solution where high desorption efficiency (>94%) confirmed that imobilized corn silk can be used as alternative material for metal adsorption and could be applied in purification systems.
Magnitude of Prevelance of Refractive Errors in School-age Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gilal Imtiaz Ahmed , Khanzada Mahtab Alam , Mirza Azfar Ahmed , Mahesar Mona Liza , Sahito Ghulam Hyder , Bhatti Urooj
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of refractive errors in school-age children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and duration: Two Government and two Private schools of Hyderabad Sindh, screened by the institute of ophthalmology at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, from January 2021 to June 2021.

Methodology: Schools and students were selected by stratified random method; a total of four hundred students were screened in four schools. From class one to class ten, 10 students were selected from each class. Prior written permission was obtained from parents. External ocular examination, visual acuity, pinhole test, autorefraction, and fundus examination were done and recorded on proforma along with the information regarding age, sex, family history, and parent’s education. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 22.

Results: In government schools 27 students out of 200 had refractive errors, myopia was present in 15 (55.55%) students, hypermetropia in 7 (25.93%) students and astigmatism in 5 (18.52%) students, while in private schools 25 students had refractive errors. Myopia was present in 16 (64%) students, hypermetropia in 7 (28%) students and astigmatism in 2 (8%) students. Myopia and astigmatism were more prevalent in female sex being 8.1% and 2% respectively, while in males it was 6.4% and 1.4% cases. In this study, no significant refractive error difference was found between government and private sector schools.

Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of refractive errors was 13% (52) out of 400 students. Refractive errors are the most common and easily treatable causes of decreased vision in school-aged children. It is recommended that visual acuity be checked prior to admission to school because refractive errors can be easily corrected with glasses. If it is treated in time, the child can be prevented from amblyopia and squint.
ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DO ESMALTE E DA DENTINA APÓS O USO DE DOIS TIPOS DE SISTEMAS ADESIVOS MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENAMEL AND DENTIN AFTER THE USE OF TWO TYPES OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Silva da Cruz Lorena , Mascarenhas Oliveira Gardenia
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia do esmalte (E) e dentina (D), utilizando um sistema adesivo universal e um autocondicionante, com técnicas de condicionamento variadas. Materiais e métodos: 18 molares humanos foram preparados em alta rotação e divididos em 9 grupos. G1 (E) e G2 (D): sem tratamento; G3 (E) e G4 (D): ácido fosfórico 37%; G5 (E): ácido fosfórico 37% + Single Bond Universal; G6 (E): apenas Single Bond Universal; G7 (E): ácido fosfórico 37% + Clearfil SE; G8 (D): ácido fosfórico 37% + Single Bond Universal; G9 (D) apenas Clearfil SE. As amostras foram observadas no microscópio de varredura. Resultados: G1 e G2 apresentaram camadas de detritos, decorrente do preparo cavitário. G3 e G4 tiveram exposição dos prismas de esmalte e abertura dos túbulos dentinários, por conta do condicionamento. No G5, cristais de esmalte foram envolvidos pela camada adesiva em um padrão morfológico homogêneo. G6 apresentou camada mais heterogênea e irregular. No G7, o padrão de adesividade foi característico com tags do monômero permeando o substrato. No G8, algumas áreas não foram totalmente infiltradas pelo monômero. No G9, superfície adesiva plana, sob uma “smear layer” modificada. Conclusão: A utilização do ácido fosfórico é indispensável em esmalte, mesmo utilizando sistema adesivo autocondicionante ou universal; em dentina, estes sistemas podem ser usados sem condicionamento prévio.Purpose: Evaluate the morphology of enamel (E) and dentin (D), using a universal adhesive system and a self - etching, with various conditioning techniques. Materials and methods: 18 human molars were prepared in high rotation and divided into 9 groups. G1 (E) and G2 (D): no treatment; G3 (E) and G4 (D): 37% phosphoric acid; G5 (E): 37% phosphoric acid + Universal Single Bond; G6 (E): Universal Single Bond only; G7 (E): 37% phosphoric acid + Clearfil SE; G8 (D): 37% phosphoric acid + Universal Single Bond; G9 (D) only Clearfil SE. The samples were observed under a scanning microscope. Results: G1 and G2 presented layers of debris, due to cavity preparation. G3 and G4 had exposure of the enamel prisms and opening of the dentinal tubules, due to the conditioning. In G5, enamel crystals were wrapped by the adhesive layer in a homogeneous morphological pattern. G6 presented a more heterogeneous and irregular layer. In G7, the adhesion pattern was characteristic with monomer tags permeating the substrate. In G8, some areas were not fully infiltrated by the monomer. On G9, flat adhesive surface, under a modified smear layer. Conclusion: The use of phosphoric acid is indispensable in enamel, even using a self-etching or universal adhesive system; in dentin, these systems can be used without prior conditioning.
TERAPIAS ALTERNATIVAS E COMPLEMENTARES E SEU USO NA ODONTOLOGIA – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AND ITS USE IN DENTISTRY - LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Eliza Durães de Faria Ana , Luiza Roim Varotto Bruna , Badan Martins Giovana , D’Ottaviano Nápole Rita De Cássia , Antequera Reynaldo
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Com o aumento da incidência de doenças crônicas, a procura da população por terapias alternativas e complementares (TAC) se intensificou. Essas são normalmente usadas quando as terapias convencionais não conseguem oferecer ao paciente os resultados desejados. No entanto, há poucas evidências dessas terapias, principalmente relacionado ao seu uso na odontologia. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura verificando as evidências científicas existentes em relação às terapias alternativas e/ou complementares no tratamento odontológico. Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos científicos através de pesquisa abrangente nas bases de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE e Scielo com palavras-chave referentes ao tema “Terapias alternativas e complementares e seu uso na odontologia”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2010 a julho de 2020 nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: Inicialmente 373 artigos foram encontrados, e destes, 37 foram selecionados. Acupuntura e musicoterapia foram as técnicas mais descritas na literatura. A aplicação destas terapias parece trazer benefícios principalmente para pacientes ansiosos com o tratamento odontológico. Conclusão: Mais estudos controlados são necessários para aumentar o entendimento sobre as TAC. Essas terapias podem ser aplicadas pelos cirurgiões dentistas, principalmente em pacientes fóbicos e ansiosos.Introduction: The high incidence of chronical diseases has increased the population search for alternative and complementary therapies (ACT). They are usually applied when conventional therapies cannot provide the desired outcome. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence of those therapies, especially regarding its use in dentistry. Purpose: review the scientific literature related to alternative/complementary therapies applied in the dental treatment. Methods: We selected scientific papers, through extensive search in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scielo databases. Key words regarding the subject “Alternative and complementary therapies and its use in dentistry” were applied. The inclusion criteria comprised studies published between January 2010 and July 2020 in Portuguese and English languages. Results: Initially, 373 papers were found, and among them, 37 papers were selected. The literature described mostly acupuncture and musicotherapy. The appliance of these therapies seems to bring benefits, especially for patients anxious due to the dental treatment. Conclusion: More controlled studies are necessary to increase the understanding of ACT. These therapies can be applied by the dental surgeon, mostly with phobic and anxious patients.
Piece‐By‐Piece Shape‐Morphing: Engineering Compatible Auxetic and Non‐Auxetic Lattices to Improve Soft Robot Performance in Confined Spaces
Authors: Dikici Yusuf , Jiang Hao , Li Bo , Daltorio Kathryn A. , Akkus Ozan
Published: March 2022

Shape‐morphing capabilities of metamaterials can be expanded by developing approaches that enable the integration of different types of cellular structures. Herein, a rational material design process is presented that fits together auxetic (anti‐tetrachiral) and non‐auxetic (the novel nodal honeycomb) lattice structures with a shared grid of nodes to obtain desired values of Poisson's ratios and Young's moduli. Through this scheme, deformation properties can be easily set piece by piece and 3D printed in useful combinations. For example, such nodally integrated tubular lattice structures undergo worm‐like peristalsis or snake‐like undulations that result in faster speeds than the monophasic counterpart in narrow channels and in wider channels, respectively. In a certain scenario, the worm‐like hybrid metamaterial structure traverses between confined spaces that are otherwise impassable for the isotropic variant. These deformation mechanisms allow us to design shape‐morphing structures into customizable soft robot skins that have improved performance in confined spaces. The presented analytical material design approach can make metamaterials more accessible for applications not only in soft robotics but also in medical devices or consumer products.
Microstructure, Texture, and Formability Control by Initial Hot‐Rolling Temperature of Al–Mg–Si Alloy Sheets for Automotive Applications
Authors: Chen Kaixin , Yan Lizhen , Zhang Yongan , Li Xiwu , Li Zhihui , Gao Guanjun , Liu Hongwei , Xiong Baiqing
Published: March 2022

The effect of initial hot‐rolling temperature on microstructure, texture, and formability of Al–Mg–Si alloy sheets is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile test. The results indicate that the textures of the sheet after hot‐rolling comprise most of Copper {112}<111>, Brass {011}<211>, and S {123}<634>. Initial rolling temperature affects the particles distribution before solution treatment, thereby further influencing the recrystallized microstructure and texture after T4P treatment. After T4P treatment, Cube {001}<100> component is the main grain orientation in the sheet with an initial rolling temperature of 530 °C. While CubeND {001}<310> orientation forms after other three initial rolling temperatures (450, 500, and 555 °C). However, the grain orientation distribution is more dispersed with an initial rolling temperature of 555 °C. Within the initial rolling temperature range from 530 to 555 °C, the average plastic strain ratio r value of the sheet is relatively higher. The anisotropy Δr value at an initial rolling temperature of 555 °C is the closest to zero. Therefore, the initial rolling temperature of 555 °C is the most conducive to improving the formability of the alloy sheet.
Application of an iPSC‐Derived Organoid Model for Localized Scleroderma Therapy
Authors: Ma Jie , Li Wei , Cao Ruiyuan , Gao Dunqin , Zhang Qiyu , Li Xiao , Li Biyou , Lv Luye , Li Mansheng , Jiang Junyi , Wang Yujie , Li Jun , Wu Zhihong , Zhu Yunping , Zhong Wu , Zhang Shuyang , Leng Ling
Published: March 2022

Localized scleroderma (LoS) is a rare chronic disease with extensive tissue fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration, microvascular alterations, and epidermal appendage lesions. However, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of LoS is currently limited. In the present work, a proteome map of LoS skin is established, and the pathological features of LoS skin are characterized. Most importantly, a human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived epithelial and mesenchymal (EM) organoids model in a 3D culture system for LoS therapy is established. According to the findings, the application of EM organoids on scleroderma skin can significantly reduce the degree of skin fibrosis. In particular, EM organoids enhance the activity of epidermal stem cells in the LoS skin and promotes the regeneration of sweat glands and blood vessels. These results highlight the potential application of organoids for promoting the recovery of scleroderma associated phenotypes and skin‐associated functions. Furthermore, it can provide a new therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from disfigurement and skin function defects caused by LoS.
Evaluation of irrigation scheduling approaches within sand‐capped turfgrass systems
Authors: Hejl Reagan Wesley , Wherley Benjamin G. , McInnes Kevin , Straw Chase M. , Fontanier Charles
Published: March 2022

In an effort to improve performance of turfgrass irrigated with poor‐quality water, the practice of sand capping is increasing. Given current strains on water supplies, evaluation of various methods of irrigation scheduling approaches for these systems is needed. The objectives of this 2‐yr field study were to evaluate turfgrass performance, temporal and spatial soil moisture and salinity dynamics, and comparative water use among four irrigation scheduling approaches including (a) wireless soil moisture sensor (SMS), (b) on‐site reference evapotranspiration (ETo), (c) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration forecasted reference evapotranspiration, and (d) visual‐wilt‐based treatment. The turfgrass used was ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ×C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] planted atop a 17.8‐cm medium‐coarse textured sand cap. Results demonstrated that all approaches produced similar levels of acceptable turfgrass quality and percentage green cover with no apparent differences in root development. Forecasted reference evapotranspiration was found to be a good predictor of on‐site ETo (R2 = .97) when comparing daily values across two growing seasons. Under wilt‐based irrigation, the volumetric water content (7.6 cm sand‐cap depth) at which wilt occurred was highest mid‐summer (4.1–4.7%) but declined during early and late summer months (1.8–2.2%), suggesting different thresholds may be needed throughout the season when using SMS‐based scheduling. Finally, seasonal water use was 23% lower for the on‐site ETo–based approach compared with SMS‐based scheduling, although this did not result in elevated electrical conductivity within the sand cap. The results provide important information to guide adoption of data‐driven approaches to irrigation scheduling.
Association of tumor size in pathological T4 colorectal cancer with desmoplastic reaction and prognosis
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Ogawa Hiroomi , Katayama Ayaka , Osone Katsuya , Okada Takuhisa , Enokida Yasuaki , Oyama Tetsunari , Sohda Makoto , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

Background

Tumor size in pathological T4 (pT4) colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with oncological prognosis; however, its relation to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated histology is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of tumor size with oncological prognosis and EMT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 95 patients with primary CRC who underwent radical surgery and were consecutively diagnosed with pT4.

Results

Both 3‐y disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were significantly higher in patients with tumor size ≥50 mm than in those with tumor size <50 mm (P = .009 and P = .011, respectively). The independent factors identified in the multivariate analysis for DFS were pathological lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.551; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.031–6.315; P = .043), distant metastasis (HR, 2.511; 95% CI, 1.140–5.532; P = .022), tumor size (HR, 0.462; 95% CI, 0.234–0.913; P = .026), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.357; 95% CI, 0.166–0.766; P = .008). The independent factors identified in multivariate analysis for CSS were tumor location (HR, 10.867; 95% CI, 2.539–45.518; P = .001) and tumor size (HR, 0.067; 95% CI, 0.014–0.321; P < .001). In pT4 CRC, smaller tumor size was associated with nonmature desmoplastic reaction and EMT‐related histology.

Conclusions

Tumor size ≥50 mm was associated with a better DFS and CSS than that of <50 mm, in patients with pT4 CRC. Smaller tumor size with advanced invasion likely reflects a more biologically aggressive phenotype in pT4 CRC.
SAFT‐γ Mie model for ionic liquids
Authors: Dong Yichun , Warsahartana Hubertus Gilbert , Hammad Faisal , Masters Andrew
Published: March 2022

The SAFT‐γ Mie model is a recent version of statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), which uses a group contribution approach to obtain a high‐quality equation of state. In this work, this model is, for the first time, extended to ionic liquids (ILs). The SAFT‐γ Mie calculated values agree well with the experimental data for one‐component, binary and ternary systems that contain ILs, thus indicating the versatility and accuracy of this extension.
Novel FGF9 variant contributes to multiple synostoses syndrome 3
Authors: Dobson Stephanie M. , Kiss Courtney , Borschneck Daniel , Heath Karen E. , Gross Adrian , Glucksman Marc J. , Guerin Andrea
Published: March 2022

Multiple synostoses syndromes (SYNS) are autosomal dominant syndromes characterized by multiple joint fusions commonly involving the carpal‐tarsal, interphalangeal, humeroradial, and cervical spine joints. They display genetic heterogeneity with pathogenic variants reported in four separate genes (NOG, GDF5, FGF9, and GDF6) defining four different SYNS forms. FGF9 variants have been reported in SYNS3, a SYNS with multiple synostoses, normal cognition, normal hearing, and craniosynostosis. Here, we report a novel FGF9 c.569G > C p.(Arg190Thr) variant identified by whole‐exome sequencing in a patient with multiple bony abnormalities. The patient initially presented with elbow instability and decreased range of motion. Imaging revealed bilateral radial head deformities, carpal‐tarsal fusions, brachydactyly, and osteoarthritis of the sacroiliac joints. In silico protein modeling of the identified FGF9 variant predicts decreased stability of ligand‐receptor binding supporting the pathogenicity of this finding. This finding expands the repertoire of FGF9 variants and phenotypic information reported for SYNS3 and suggest that genotype phenotype correlations due to localization seem less likely and more so due to the consequence of the pathogenic variant on the receptor. This is useful in the counseling in families as more de novo variants emerge.
Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward
Authors: Buikstra Jane E. , DeWitte Sharon N. , Agarwal Sabrina C. , Baker Brenda J. , Bartelink Eric J. , Berger Elizabeth , Blevins Kelly E. , Bolhofner Katelyn , Boutin Alexis T. , Brickley Megan B. , Buzon Michele R. , de la Cova Carlina , Goldstein Lynne , Gowland Rebecca , Grauer Anne L. , Gregoricka Lesley A. , Halcrow Siân E. , Hall Sarah A. , Hillson Simon , Kakaliouras Ann M. , Klaus Haagen D. , Knudson Kelly J. , Knüsel Christopher J. , Larsen Clark Spencer , Martin Debra L. , Milner George R. , Novak Mario , Nystrom Kenneth C. , Pacheco‐Forés Sofía I. , Prowse Tracy L. , Robbins Schug Gwen , Roberts Charlotte A. , Rothwell Jessica E. , Santos Ana Luisa , Stojanowski Christopher , Stone Anne C. , Stull Kyra E. , Temple Daniel H. , Torres Christina M. , Toyne J. Marla , Tung Tiffiny A. , Ullinger Jaime , Wiltschke‐Schrotta Karin , Zakrzewski Sonia R.
Published: March 2022

This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled “Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward,” which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6–8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a history of successful grant acquisition, primarily from the United States. Ultimately, we focused on two related aims: (1) best practices for improving research designs and training and (2) evaluating topics of contemporary significance that reverberate through history and beyond as promising trajectories for bioarchaeological research. Among the former were contextual grounding, research question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate for small samples and mixed qualitative/quantitative data, the salience of Bayesian methods, and training program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, the osteological paradox, and the developmental origins of health and disease. Given the profound changes required globally to address decolonization in the 21st century, this concern also entered many formal and informal discussions.
Circular Dichroism Based Chirality Sensing with Supramolecular Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Quan Mao , Pang Xin‐Yu , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2022

Optical methods are promising to address the ever‐increasing demands for chirality analysis in drug discovery and related fields because they are amenable to high‐throughput screening. Circular dichroism‐based chiroptical sensing using host‐guest chemistry is especially appealing due to the fast equilibrium kinetics, wide substrate scope, and potential for sustainable development. In this Minireview, we give an overview on this emerging field. General aspects of molecular recognition and chirality transfer are analyzed. Chirality sensors are discussed by dividing them into three classes according to their structural features. Applications of these chirality sensors for chirality analysis of the products of asymmetric reactions and for the real‐time monitoring of reaction kinetics are demonstrated with selected examples. Moreover, challenges and research directions in this field are also highlighted.
FAIR: Fairness‐aware information retrieval evaluation
Authors: Gao Ruoyuan , Ge Yingqiang , Shah Chirag
Published: March 2022

With the emerging needs of creating fairness‐aware solutions for search and recommendation systems, a daunting challenge exists of evaluating such solutions. While many of the traditional information retrieval (IR) metrics can capture the relevance, diversity, and novelty for the utility with respect to users, they are not suitable for inferring whether the presented results are fair from the perspective of responsible information exposure. On the other hand, existing fairness metrics do not account for user utility or do not measure it adequately. To address this problem, we propose a new metric called FAIR. By unifying standard IR metrics and fairness measures into an integrated metric, this metric offers a new perspective for evaluating fairness‐aware ranking results. Based on this metric, we developed an effective ranking algorithm that jointly optimized user utility and fairness. The experimental results showed that our FAIR metric could highlight results with good user utility and fair information exposure. We showed how FAIR related to a set of existing utility and fairness metrics and demonstrated the effectiveness of our FAIR‐based algorithm. We believe our work opens up a new direction of pursuing a metric for evaluating and implementing the FAIR systems.
Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery State and Degradation via Physicochemical Cell and SEI Modeling
Authors: Witt Daniel , Röder Fridolin , Krewer Ulrike
Published: March 2022

The quality of lithium‐ion batteries is affected by the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). For a better understanding of its effect on cell performance and aging, fast and economically scalable SEI diagnostics are indispensable. Battery models promise to extract hardly accessible interfacial and bulk properties of the SEI from electrochemical impedance spectra and discharge data. The common analysis of only one measurement, often with empirical models, impedes a precise localization of degradation‐related and performance‐limiting processes. This work offers a solution by combining physicochemical SEI and cell modeling for the joint analysis of both measurement types. Our analysis highlights the minor importance of the SEI ionic conductivity for cell performance along with a significant improvement and notable effect of its interfacial properties along aging. Such a detailed understanding of the initial SEI and its evolution over time could enable, e. g., a knowledge‐based optimization of the cell formation process.
Blockchain technologies as enablers of supply chain mapping for sustainable supply chains
Authors: Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Kusi‐Sarpong Simonov , Gupta Himanshu , Zaman Syed Imran , Mubarik Mobashar
Published: March 2022

The advent of blockchain technologies is transmuting the way conventional supply chains are being managed. Due to the complexity of dealing with many actors involved in the supply chain networks, contemporary supply chains have limited visibility, transparency, and accountability. Likewise, supply chains are increasingly facing the challenge of integration and sustainability. In this vein, blockchain technologies can play a groundbreaking role in improving the traceability, accountability, and sustainability of complex supply chain networks. The present study examines the instrumentality of blockchain technologies in enabling supply chain mapping and supply chain integration. The study also tests the direct impact of blockchain technologies on supply chain sustainability. Data are collected from 132 Malaysian Electrical and Electronics firms using a close‐ended questionnaire. The study employs Partial Least Squares‐Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) and Partial Least Squares‐Multi Group Analysis (PLS‐MGA) for analyzing the hypothesized relationships. The results show that blockchain technologies do not have a direct impact on supply chain sustainability. Nevertheless, this finding reveals a robust indirect effect of BT, through SC integration and SC mapping, on the SC sustainability. The study's findings imply that the notion of the sustainable supply chain can be significantly attained by mapping upstream, midstream, and downstream supply chains. The well‐mapped supply chain can further improve supply chain sustainability. The findings of the study also suggest the adoption of blockchain technologies as a broad‐based strategy to attain multi‐tier goals, for example, supply chain mapping, sustainability, and integration.
Hey, did you see that label? It's sustainable!: Understanding the role of sustainable labelling in shaping sustainable purchase behaviour for sustainable development
Authors: Siraj Ahsan , Taneja Shilpa , Zhu Yongming , Jiang Hongbing , Luthra Sunil , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2022

Consumers, nowadays, are becoming mindful of environmental issues than ever. The rising concerns for the adverse effects of consumption on environmental sustainability are leading to transformation in consumer behaviour. Consumers need relevant sustainability information about the products to shape sustainable purchase behaviours. On this note, marketers and organizations are increasingly using labels and logos for integrating sustainability evidence in their product offerings. This research integrates the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) with environmental concern, consumer effectiveness, consumer innovativeness and sustainable label awareness to determine how these affect the sustainable purchase behaviour for food products in China. The findings of structural equation modelling using data gathered from 273 consumers indicate all the constructs as significant, with consumer innovativeness having a negative and significant association. The present research expects to contribute to advancement in the literature on TPB and sustainable labelling by presenting a comprehensive and distinct model. Given the importance of the factors highlighted in the current research, marketers can design appropriate strategies by leveraging these determinants. The outcomes imply that marketers and policymakers need to make the consumers aware of sustainable labels and their favourable effects on the environment to promote sustainable consumer behaviour.
Prognostic impact of tumor size on patients with neuroblastoma in a SEER‐based study
Authors: Wang Jin‐Xia , Cao Zi‐Yang , Wang Chun‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Yang , Fan Fei‐Long , Zhang Jun , He Xiao‐Yan , Liu Nan‐Jing , Liu Jiang‐Bin , Zou Lin
Published: March 2022

Objective

The prognostic value of tumor size in neuroblastoma (NB) patients has not been fully evaluated. Our purpose is to elucidate the prognostic significance of tumor size in surgery performed on neuroblastoma patients.

Methods

Neuroblastoma patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) for the study. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify risk factors and the independent prognostic influences of tumor size on NB patients. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed through univariate Cox regression analysis. To determine the optimal cutoff value of tumor size, we first divided the cohort into three groups (≤5 cm, 5–10 cm, >10 cm). Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups repeatedly, with tumor size at 1 cm intervals. The cutoff value that maximized prognostic outcome difference was selected. Furthermore, we performed the Kaplan–Meier methods to visually present differences in prognosis between the optimal tumor size cutoff value in different subgroups.

Results

A total of 591 NB patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the SEER database in this study. Cox analysis showed that age >1 year (HR = 2.42, p < 0.0001), originate from adrenal site (HR = 1.7, p = 0.014), distant stage (HR = 6.4, p < 0.0001), undifferentiated grade (HR = 1.94, p = 0.002), and large tumor size (HR = 1.5, p < 0.0001) independently predicted poor prognosis. For tumor size, there were significant differences in tumor size distribution in different ages, tumor grade, disease stage, and primary site subgroup but not in sex, race, and histology subgroup. Furthermore, both univariate (HR = 4.96, 95% CI 2.31–10.63, p < 0.0001) and multivariable analysis (HR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.29–6.08, p < 0.0001) indicated the optimal cutoff value of tumor size was 4 cm for overall survival of NB patients. Using a 4 cm of tumor size cutoff in subgroups, we found that it can identify poor prognosis patients whatever their age or primary site. Interestingly, tumor size of 4 cm cutoff can only identify unfavorable NB patients with diagnosis at distant‐stage disease, or differentiated grade tumor, but not with regional and local or undifferentiated tumor.

Conclusions

Tumor size is first to be recognized as a key prognostic factor of neuroblastoma patients and a cutoff value >4 cm might predict poor prognosis, which should be included in the evaluation of prognostic factors for NB.
Associations between longitudinal changes in sleep disturbance and depressive and anxiety symptoms during theCOVID‐19 virus pandemic among older women with and without breast cancer in the thinking and living with breast cancer study
Authors: Bethea Traci N. , Zhai Wanting , Zhou Xingtao , Ahles Tim A. , Ahn Jaeil , Cohen Harvey J. , Dilawari Asma A. , Graham Deena M. A. , Jim Heather S. L. , McDonald Brenna C. , Nakamura Zev M. , Patel Sunita K. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Root James , Saykin Andrew J. , Small Brent J. , Van Dyk Kathleen M. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Carroll Judith E.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Several studies have reported sleep disturbances during the COVID‐19 virus pandemic. Little data exist about the impact of the pandemic on sleep and mental health among older women with breast cancer. We sought to examine whether women with and without breast cancer who experienced new sleep problems during the pandemic had worsening depression and anxiety.

Methods

Breast cancer survivors aged ≥60 years with a history of nonmetastatic breast cancer (n = 242) and frequency‐matched noncancer controls (n = 158) active in a longitudinal cohort study completed a COVID‐19 virus pandemic survey from May to September 2020 (response rate 83%). Incident sleep disturbance was measured using the restless sleep item from the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D). CES‐D score (minus the sleep item) captured depressive symptoms; the State‐Anxiety subscale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory measured anxiety symptoms. Multivariable linear regression models examined how the development of sleep disturbance affected changes in depressive or anxiety symptoms from the most recent prepandemic survey to the pandemic survey, controlling for covariates.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disturbance during the pandemic was 22.3%, with incident sleep disturbance in 10% and 13.5% of survivors and controls, respectively. Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly increased during the pandemic among women with incident sleep disturbance (vs. no disturbance) (β = 8.16,p < 0.01 andβ = 6.14,p < 0.01, respectively), but there were no survivor‐control differences in the effect.

Conclusion

Development of sleep disturbances during the COVID‐19 virus pandemic may negatively affect older women's mental health, but breast cancer survivors diagnosed with the nonmetastatic disease had similar experiences as women without cancer.
HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in long‐term survivors of aggressive‐type adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Jo Tatsuro , Noguchi Kazuhiro , Sakai Takahiro , Kubota‐Koketsu Ritsuko , Irie Sadaharu , Matsuo Masatoshi , Taguchi Jun , Abe Kuniko , Shigematsu Kazuto
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a relatively refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma caused by human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of long‐term survivors with ATLL.

Methods

We conducted an observational study of 75 aggressive‐type ATLL patients. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTLs) and T‐cell receptor Vβ gene repertoire.

Results

We first evaluated six long‐term survivors among 37 patients who were newly diagnosed with ATLL and then treated with intensive chemotherapy without mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody for C‐C chemokine receptor four antigen. Reversal of the CD4‐to‐CD8 ratio (CD4/CD8) in peripheral mononuclear cells was observed in all six patients. Three of these six patients showed reversed CD4/CD8 immediately after herpes virus infection. Four of these six patients who could be examined demonstrated long‐term maintenance of HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific CTLs. We subsequently identified four long‐term survivors among 38 patients who were newly diagnosed with ATLL and then treated with intensive chemotherapy plus mogamulizumab. All four patients showed reversed CD4/CD8, and three of the four patients contracted herpes virus infection during immunochemotherapy. Six of the total 10 patients were subjected to CTL analyses. Tax‐specific CTLs were observed, and the CTLs that were almost entirely composed of memory CTLs in all patients were recorded. HTLV‐1 provirus was also detected in all six patients.

Conclusions

These data suggest that Tax‐specific memory CTLs probably, together with anticancer agents, eradicate ATLL cells and exhibit long‐term preventive effects from relapse ATLL. Thus, the strong activation of cellular immunity, such as herpes virus infection, seems to be necessary to induce such a potent number of Tax‐specific CTLs.
The cancer survival index—A prognostic score integrating psychosocial and biological factors in patients diagnosed with cancer or haematologic malignancies
Authors: Gaiger Alexander , Lubowitzki Simone , Krammer Katharina , Zeilinger Elisabeth L. , Acel Andras , Cenic Olivera , Schrott Andrea , Unseld Matthias , Rassoulian Anahita Paula , Skrabs Cathrin , Valent Peter , Gisslinger Heinz , Marosi Christine , Preusser Matthias , Prager Gerald , Kornek Gabriela , Pirker Robert , Steger Günther G. , Bartsch Rupert , Raderer Markus , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Thalhammer Renate , Zielinski Christoph , Jäger Ulrich
Published: March 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether (1) psychological and social indicators influence survival in patients diagnosed with cancer or haematologic malignancies when important biological aspects are controlled for, (2) psychological, social and biological indicators can be utilised to design one collated index for survival, usable in clinical practice to identify patients at risk of shorter survival and to improve personalised healthcare provision.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 2263 patients with cancer or haematologic malignancies participated. We analysed 15 biological, psychological and social indicators as risk factors for survival with a Cox proportional hazards model. Indicators significantly associated with survival were combined to compute models for the identification of patient groups with different risks of death. The training sample contained 1122 patients. Validation samples included the remaining 1141 patients, the total sample, as well as groups with different cancer entities.

Results

Five indicators were found to significantly impact survival: Cancer site (HR: 3.56), metastatic disease (HR: 1.88), symptoms of depression (HR: 1.34), female sex (HR: 0.73) and anaemia (HR: 0.48). Combining these indicators to a model, we developed the Cancer Survival Index, identifying three distinct groups of patients with estimated survival times of 47.2 months, 141 months and 198.2 months (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of the influence of depression on survival showed a mediating effect of the following four factors, related to both depression and survival: previous psychiatric conditions, employment status, metastatic disease and haemoglobin levels.

Conclusions

Psychosocial and biological factors impact survival in various malignancies and can be utilised jointly to compute an index for estimating the survival of each patient individually—the Cancer Survival Index.
Deepen your campus safety pool of resources by combining departments
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2022

Jason Schiffer spent 20 years in law enforcement in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, before pivoting to work in the law. As an attorney, Schiffer pursued cases that impacted public safety: cases focused on safety with regard to bicycle traffic, and other pedestrian traffic safety litigation.
Chemical and Biological Tools for the Study of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels in Electrogenesis and Nociception
Authors: Elleman Anna V. , Du Bois J.
Published: March 2022

The malfunction and misregulation of voltage‐gated sodium channels (NaVs) underlie in large part the electrical hyperexcitability characteristic of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. NaVs are responsible for the initiation and propagation of electrical impulses (action potentials) in cells. Tissue and nerve injury alter the expression and localization of multiple NaV isoforms, including NaV1.1, 1.3, and 1.6–1.9, resulting in aberrant action potential firing patterns. To better understand the role of NaV regulation, localization, and trafficking in electrogenesis and pain pathogenesis, a number of chemical and biological reagents for interrogating NaV function have been advanced. The development and application of such tools for understanding NaV physiology are the focus of this review.
Possible association of Typhoon Hagibis and the COVID‐19 pandemic on patient delay in breast cancer patients: A case report
Authors: Kaneda Yudai , Ozaki Akihiko , Wada Masahiro , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Sawano Toyoaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Ejiri Tomozo , Kanzaki Norio
Published: March 2022

Little is known on how different types of disasters interact in their impacts on patient care. We experienced a breast cancer patient whose initial presentation was delayed for 2 years due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and Typhoon Hagibis. Increasing awareness is needed on the combined impacts of disasters on breast cancer management.