bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is endothelin targeting finally ready for prime time?
Authors: Schinzari Francesca , Tesauro Manfredi , Cardillo Carmine
Published: May 2024

The endothelin family of peptides has long been recognized as a physiological regulator of diverse biological functions and mechanistically involved in various disease states, encompassing, among others, the cardiovascular system, the kidney, and the nervous system. Pharmacological blockade of the endothelin system, however, has encountered strong obstacles in its entry into the clinical mainstream, having obtained only a few proven indications until recently. This translational gap has been attributable predominantly to the relevant side effects associated with endothelin receptor antagonism (ERA), particularly fluid retention. Of recent, however, an expanding understanding of the pathophysiological processes involving endothelin, in conjunction with the development of new antagonists of endothelin receptors or adjustment of their doses, has driven a flourish of new clinical trials. The favorable results of some of them have extended the proven indications for ET targeting to a variety of clinical conditions, including resistant arterial hypertension and glomerulopathies. In addition, on the ground of strong preclinical evidence, other studies are ongoing to test the potential benefits of ERA in combination with other treatments, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition in fluid retentive states or anti-cancer therapies in solid tumors. Furthermore, antibodies providing long-term blockade of endothelin receptors are under testing to overcome the short half-life of most small molecule endothelin antagonists. These efforts may yet bring new life to the translation of endothelin targeting strategies in clinical practice.
New SiS destruction and formation routes via neutral-neutral reactions and their fundamental role in interstellar clouds at low- and high-metallicity values
Authors: Mendoza Edgar , Costa Samuel F. M. , Carvajal Miguel , Pilling Sérgio , Alves Márcio O. , Galvão Breno R. L.
Published: May 2024

Context. Among the silicon-bearing species discovered in the interstellar medium, SiS and SiO stand out as key tracers due to their distinct chemistry and variable abundances in interstellar and circumstellar environments. Nevertheless, while the origins of SiO are well documented, the SiS chemistry remains relatively unexplored.

Aims. Our objective is to enhance the network of Si- and S-bearing chemical reactions for a gas-grain model in molecular clouds, encompassing both low and high metallicities. To achieve this, we calculated the energies and rate coefficients for six neutral atom-diatom reactions involved in the SiCS triatomic system, with a special focus on the C+SiS and S+SiC collisions.

Methods. We employed the coupled-cluster method with single and double substitutions and a perturbative treatment of triple substitutions (CCSD(T)) refined at the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12 level. With these computational results in conjunction with supplementary data from the literature, we construct an extended network of neutral-neutral chemical reactions involving Si- and S-bearing molecules. To assess the impact of these chemical reactions, we performed time-dependent models employing the Nautilus gas-grain code, setting the gas temperature to 10 K and the H2 density to 2 × 104 cm−3. The models considered two initial abundance scenarios, corresponding to low- and high-metallicity levels. Abundances were computed using both the default chemical network and the constrained network, enriched with newly calculated reactions.

Results. The temperature dependence for the reactions involving SiS were modelled to the k(T) = α (T/300)β exp (−γ/T) expression, and the coefficients are provided for the first time. The high-metallicity models significantly boost the SiS production, resulting in abundances nearly four orders of magnitude higher compared to low-metallicity models. Higher initial abundances of C, S, and Si, roughly ~2, 190, and 210 times higher, respectively, contribute to this. Around the age of 103 yr, destruction mechanisms become relevant, impacting the abundance of SiS. The proposed production reaction S + SiC → C + SiS, mitigates these effects in later stages. By expanding the gas reaction network using a high-metallicity model, we derived estimates for the abundances of observed interstellar molecules, including SiO, SO, and SO2.

Conclusions. We demonstrate the significance of both SiC+S and C+SiS channels in the SiS chemistry. Notably, the inclusion of neutral-neutral mechanisms, particularly via Si+HS and S+SiC channels, played a pivotal role in determining SiS abundance. These mechanisms carry a significance level on a par with that of the well-known and fast ion-neutral reactions.
Satellite impact on astronomical observations based on the elliptical orbit model
Authors: Hu Tianzhu , Zhang Yong , Cui Xiangqun , Cao Zihuang , Huang Kang , Cai Jingyi , Li Jun , Zhou Tong
Published: May 2024

Space-based and ground-based telescopes have extensively documented the impact of satellites on astronomical observations. With the proliferation of satellite mega-constellation programmes, their influence on astronomical observations has become undeniable. Quantifying the impact of satellites on telescopes is crucial. To this end, we enhanced the circular orbit model for satellites and introduced a methodology based on two-line element orbit data. This involves constructing a satellite probability distribution model to evaluate the impact of satellites on telescopes. Using our method, we assessed the satellite impact on global grounded observatories. Our results indicate that the regions most severely affected by satellite interference at present are those near the equator, with latitudes of around ±50 and ±80 degrees experiencing the most significant impact from low-Earth-orbit satellites. Furthermore, we validated the reliability of our method using imaging data obtained from the focal surface acquisition camera of the LAMOST telescope.
Prospects for detection of the pair-echo emission from TeV gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Miceli D. , Da Vela P. , Prandini E.
Published: May 2024

The intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) present in the voids of large-scale structures is considered to be the weakest magnetic field in the Universe. Gamma-ray observations of blazars in the GeV–TeV domain have led to lower limits on the IGMF strength based on the search for delayed or extended emission. Nevertheless, these results have been obtained with strong assumptions placed on the unknown source properties. The recent discovery of TeV radiation from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has paved the way for IGMF studies with these bright transients. Among the current TeV-detected GRBs, GRB 190114C, located at a redshift ofz = 0.42, is the best sampled. Therefore, it can be considered to be representative of the properties of GRBs in the VHE domain. In addition, GRB 221009A (z = 0.151) is the brightest event ever detected. We present a phenomenological model based on the intrinsic properties of GRB 190114C and GRB 221009A to predict the delayed emission component (pair-echo) in the GeV–TeV band. We investigate the detectability of this component from low-redshift (z ≤ 1) GRBs for three values of IGMF strength (10−19G, 10−18G, and 10−17G), different observational times (3 h, 6 h, and 9 h) and source intrinsic properties. We find that for current and future generationγ-ray instruments, extending the observation for at least 3 h after the GRB detection is a viable strategy for probing the IGMF. We also confirm that GeV–TeV observations of GRBs can probe IGMF strengths on the order of 10−17 − 10−19G, representing a competitive alternative to the current studies performed with active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
Impact of varied organic manures and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of fenugreek cultivation
Authors: Agrawal Shubhi , Panthoi Chanu Khuraijam , Bopche Vaibhav , Sharma Abha
Published: May 2024

Organic manures and biofertilizers have a good effect on soil structure and microbial populations, according to studies such as those which can improve the overall health of the agriculture system. The study focuses on the growth, yield-attributing traits, and economic considerations of fenugreek, which is a member of the Fabaceae family and is well-known for its culinary and therapeutic benefits. A recent study was conducted at the Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture’s research farm at Amity University Noida (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season 2023-24 to explore the impact of using different organic manures and biofertilizers on fenugreek production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising six treatments. The study used field trials to compare the results of these approaches to traditional methods and analyse their economic feasibility. The results showed that using organic inputs, particularly vermicompost mixed with Azotobacter, significantly improved plant growth and yield. The best results for growth parameters viz. plant height (34.33 cm), and the number of branches per plant (11.77) were recorded in plots applied with (T4) (Vermicompost +Azotobacter), Additionally, treatments that used bio fertilisers alongside organic manures produced higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios than treatments that only used organic manures. Numeric assessments demonstrated the economic viability of using organic manure combinations, with T4 (vermicompost + Azotobacter) yielding the highest net return of 119,389 rupees. These findings highlight the potential of organic inputs in sustainable fenugreek growing, providing farmers and stakeholders with useful insights into promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
Management of Alternaria blight disease of mustard through biofungicides
Authors: Devi Takhellambam Diparani , Maisnam Guneshori , kangjam Doreen , Adison Rajkumar
Published: May 2024

Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae, is a major disease affecting mustard crops, leading to significant yield losses. Traditional chemical fungicides have been extensively used to manage this disease, but concerns over environmental pollution, development of resistance, and potential health hazards have shifted the focus towards alternative strategies. Biofungicides, derived from natural sources such as microbes, plants, and their products, have emerged as promising alternatives for managing Alternaria blight while ensuring sustainability and minimal environmental impact. The purpose of the present study was the use of biofungicides as a more sustainable alternative for managing Alternaria blight in mustard at Amity University, located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The organic treatment included FYM, Neem oil, Trichoderma viride in different combinations. Pusa Sag1 variety was used for the field study. The present findings revealed the significance differences were recorded in different growth stages of mustard among the various treatment tested. It has been found that minimum disease incidence was observed in T5-Trichoderma viride + FYM + Neem oil (3%), followed by T4Trichoderma viride + Neem oil (13%), T3Trichoderma viride (15%), T2Neem oil(28%), T1FYM(28%). Biofungicides holds great promise for sustainable disease control while minimizing environmental risks and promoting agricultural resilience.
Conventional and advanced packaging and storage technology of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum): A Review
Authors: Ningombam Elizabeth , Serena Elangbam , Jamir Satemmenla , Verma Anamika
Published: May 2024

Leek (Allium porrum L.), belonging to the Alliaceae family, is a biennial herbaceous plant. It is a tetraploid (2n=32). They are native to Middle Asia, while its secondary centres of development and spread were in Western Asia and the Mediterranean region. Kaempferol is the most significant flavonoid aglycone found in leeks. Leeks are also used as medicine in addition to being a food. The primary health advantages include anti-asthma, antiseptic, diuretic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Additionally, it helps shield skin from harm and lowers the risk of gastrointestinal disorders. Leek roots also contain alliin which is non-toxic to the human body and can be used to preserve food and increase its shelf life. Recent studies also reported that leek portions ultrasonic extracts can be used in the food sector to preserve products from oxidation. Furthermore, when frozen unblanched leek slices are packaged with nitrogen after a year in frozen storage, the amount of sulfur compounds in the slices does not increase and the development of an off flavor is inhibited. It can also be stored up to 14 days when stored at modified atmosphere. In conclusion, using contemporary biotechnology techniques, new leek cultivars with increased productivity and adaptability must be created. Other health-related substances like folates and polyphenols, as well as the quantitative assessment of enzyme activities should all be included in future research as they contribute to the potential health benefits of vegetable products.
Effect of novel edible coating formulations on post-harvest quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum var. Pusa Jwala): A review
Authors: Kumari Khushi , Riram Kenjum , Maibam Prasanta Singh , Srikanth Perumalla
Published: May 2024

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) holds a prominent position as a key spice crop, being widely utilized globally. Despite its agricultural significance, chilli is characterized by high moisture content (60–85%) at harvest, necessitating reduction to 8-12% for prolonged storage in a dehydrated form. However, it remains highly perishable, with a short shelf life and susceptibility to postharvest challenges such as fungal diseases, quality degradation, chilling injury, and rapid weight loss. Edible coatings have emerged as a solution to extend the postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables, enhancing mechanical handling properties and acting as a barrier to respiratory gases and water vapor. The possibility of hydrocolloid gums, such as gum arabic, as edible coatings has drawn interest. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an edible coating based on gum arabic (GA) can effectively preserve the quality of chiles when stored at room temperature. The goal of the research is to extend the storage life of chiles while improving their physiological and microbiological quality. A composite chitosan – gelatin (CH–GL) edible covering will be used to accomplish this. The effects of pure chitosan, cassava starch, gum arabica, and gelatin coatings on chillies will also be investigated in this study. In order to improve the marketability and resilience of chilli and possibly other horticultural commodities, the research aims to offer insights into the development of efficient and sustainable postharvest strategies by methodically evaluating the effects of these coatings on weight loss, firmness, colour retention, and nutritional content.
Growth and Performance of Baby Spinach grown under different Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Aadesh  , Jadoun Samrat Singh , Panwar Kshitij , Tomar Ajay
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the effects of several organic fertilizers on baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivation’s growth, productivity, and sustainability. A randomized complete block design was employed to assess six organic fertilizer treatments, including vermicompost, farm yard manure (FYM), poultry waste, Azotobacter + poultry waste + FYM, Azotobacter + vermicompost, and a control (no fertilizer application). Plant growthparameters, nutrient content, pest resistance, soil health indicators, and environmental implications were evaluated to understand the effectiveness of organic fertilizers in promoting sustainable spinach production. Results indicate that treatments incorporating Azotobacter inoculants, particularly those combined with poultry waste or vermicompost, demonstrated superior performance in terms of production, biomass accumulation, plant height, leaf area, and nutrient content. These findings underscore the potential of bioinoculants in organic farming to increase soil fertility and ecological resilience, decreasedependency on synthetic inputs, and increase crop output. Moreover, organic fertilizers significantly influenced soil health parameters, with treatments exhibiting higher soil pH, organic matter content, and microbial activity contributing to improved soil fertility. Environmental implications of organic fertilizer use were also assessed, revealing varyinglevels of nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions across different treatments. While Azotobacter-inoculated treatments showed higher greenhouse gas emissions, they also exhibited greater nutrient retention, indicating complex trade-offs between nutrient cyclingand environmental impact
Phytochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters extracts from Al Hoceima province
Authors: Labhar Amina , Ahidar Naoufal , El-Mernissi Yahya , Benamari Omar , Ait Alla Karima , Jahjah Sanae , Salhi Amin , Ahari Mhamed , Abdellah Elyoussfi , Amhamdi Hassan
Published: May 2024

Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters (TA), a member of the Cupressaceae family, is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various health problems in Al Hoceima Province. Our study aimed to determine the content of polyphenols and flavonoids, and to evaluate the biological antioxidant activities using DPPH and FRAP tests. At the same time, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of TA from Al Hoceima, using the BSA method for each of the extracts studied. The results reveal that ethyl acetate extracts (28.11 mg EAG/g ES), followed by ethanolic extracts (22.42 mg EAG/g ES), show higher quantities than the other extracts. Regarding flavonoids, ethyl acetate extract (90 mg EQ/g ES) and ethanolic extracts (64 mg EQ/g ES) showed the highest concentrations. For antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts showed significant activity, while for anti-inflammatory activity, ethyl acetate and hexanolic extracts showed more marked activity than ethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts. This study reveals that Tetraclinis articulata leaf extracts are an effective antioxidant and natural anti-inflammatory agent. The results indicate the efficacy of TA leafs extracts from the province of Al Hoceima.
The effect of manufacture process on material properties of laminated composite cylinders using non-destructive technique
Authors: Kovalovs Andrejs , Chate Andris , Kulakov Vladimir , Mironov Aleksey
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a comparative investigation of the effect of hand lay-up to manufacture of composite structure on the elastic constants of composite cylindrical shells. Non-destructive technique for detection of elastic constants in laminated composite cylinders were applied. This technique based on numerical-experimental method that included experimental testing and numerical modelling. Experimental testing includes determination of natural frequencies in composite cylinders fixed at the ends. Composite construction fixed by upper end on the special test bench to realize clamped-free boundary conditions. 48 piezo sensors were glued on the outer surface of composite shells to measure strains during testing. Data received during experiments were converted in modal parameters using ARTEMIS software. By minimizing the error functional between the numerical and experimental data of the natural frequencies, the properties of laminated composite materials were obtained. It can be seen that elastic constants of the five composite shells have insignificant differences in values and be successfully applied for numerical calculation in further.
Analysis and evaluation of proposals for rainwater harvesting systems for non-consumptive use in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Durán María Paz González , Córdova-González Federico , Zamudio Carlos Romo
Published: May 2024

Due to the current population increase, the demand for the use of natural resources is also increasing exponentially, one of them is drinking water, this resource is one of the vital elements for human beings and has become the most exploited and specifically underutilized in residential buildings. Currently, this vital element has been used in cleaning activities, irrigation of plants and other non-consumptive activities. The World Health Organization recommends that water consumption should be 100 liters/inhabitant/day to consider a sustainable society; however, in the city of Cuenca- Ecuador, consumption doubles the recommended limit. Studies show that this consumption can be reduced with the application of bioclimatic strategies, one of which is rainwater harvesting. Therefore, this research focuses on the analysis and proposal for rainwater harvesting to solve the underuse of potable water in residential buildings for non-consumptive use (laundry, garden irrigation, house cleaning and toilet flushing). Thus, for rainwater harvesting for domestic purposes, the roof surface is used, and this model is known as SCAPT. The research methodology is of an experimental type in that collection strategies and systems are proposed, analyzed, and evaluated. With these rainwater harvesting systems, more than 55 litres/inhab/day can be incorporated into the dwelling, thus contributing to the reduction and control of drinking water in residential buildings.
Verifying the shear load capacity of vertically reinforced masonry walls by theVRd–NEdinteraction diagram
Authors: Jasiński Radosław
Published: May 2024

This paper describes principles of verifying load capacity of reinforced masonry walls subjected to horizontal and vertical loading in accordance with EN 1996-1-1:2010 and the draft version of Eurocode 6 (prEN 1996-1-1:2017), These standards specify three methods for positioning reinforcement: the V method only for vertical reinforcement, the VH method that includes both vertical and horizontal reinforcement, and the H method only for horizontal reinforcement. Each of them can be subdivided into cases a, b, and c which differ in the course of standard stresses at the wall edges. This paper focuses on the V method which refers to reinforcement that is positioned vertically. It also presents equations required to determine load-carrying capacity of cross-section against vertical loadNEdwith neglected vertical reinforcement. Examples ofVRd–NEdinteraction diagrams are included.
Horizontal stiffness of masonry walls infilled frame
Authors: Jasiński Radosław
Published: May 2024

Walls used to fill a frame structure may serve non-load bearing (visual, acoustic or fire separation) or load bearing and stiffening functions which provide geometrical stability of a structure. They are shear walls without any vertical load from higher floors. This paper proposes an algorithm for determining stiffness of a singular frame area, taking into account standards CSA S304.1-04, FEMA 306 and FEMA 274. An attempt was made to cover all valid standards (EN 1996-1-1:2010 and prEN 1996-1-1:2017) applied for designs.
Comfort evaluation of new bicycle paths with a laser profilometer: 15 years of experience in Belgium
Authors: Van Geem Carl , Massart Tim
Published: May 2024

Longitudinal evenness of a road or bicycle lane surface is important for users’ comfort. For roads, indicators for evenness, their relation to users’ comfort in cars or trucks, and acceptance levels for existing or newly constructed roads exist for decades. In Belgium, four indicators called “Evenness Coefficients” (EC) are in use. Considering the surface as a wave, each EC evaluates a different range of wavelengths. EC0.5, for the shortest wavelengths, was introduced in 2013 by the Flemish National Road Administration (Fl-NRA). In 2013/2014 two measurement devices dedicated to longitudinal evenness evaluation of cycle infrastructure were put in service. Fl-NRA set requirements for roughness on new bicycle lanes expressed in EC0.5 and EC2.5 and uses a combined indicator for the evaluation of the global condition of their bicycle lane network in two-year intervals. The Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) helped investigating the potential causes in cases where the requirements were not attained. This contribution reports on more than a decade of experiences with dedicated measurement devices, on factors influencing users’ comfort of bicycle infrastructure, and on the “comfort score” obtained from a less costly “measuring bike”. The article concludes addressing perspectives on European standardisation actions for roughness measurements on bicycle infrastructure.
Belgian pre-normative research project SuChar-BiLan on surface monitoring of bicycle lanes
Authors: Van Geem Carl , Bergiers Anneleen , Goubert Luc
Published: May 2024

Recently the need for more and better cycling infrastructure is soaring. The diversity of the means of transport other than ordinary bikes is increasing rapidly. Consequently, the users’ expectations change. In their endeavor to deliver, road authorities managing cycle paths will benefit from new condition assessment and efficient asset management. In the two-year project “Surface Characteristics of Bicycle Lanes” (SuChar-BiLan), started on 1 November 2022, the Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) collects knowledge, information and practical experiences about measurement techniques and management allowing the assessment of the condition of bicycle infrastructure: evenness, skid resistance, texture and rolling resistance. The aim of the project is to help with developing European standards and with expanding the use of such techniques – to a better quality of the cycling experience. This contribution presents results of a literature review, mentions the development of surveys addressed to different stakeholders (users, road authorities, technology providers), describes how technology and service providers, and research organisations will be invited to demonstrate their solutions on bicycle lanes in Belgium, hints on future design by BRRC of laboratory test methods for skid and rolling resistance, and explains the importance of the expected outcomes and of the aimed development of European standards.
Mechanical behaviour of bolted connection in bending evaluated with small-scale specimen
Authors: Takai Toshikazu , Harakawa Shinpei
Published: May 2024

A tensile experiment is usually adopted to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of bolted connections, such as slip, yield, and ultimate behaviours or resistances. Tensile force is given by a universal test machine. A small-scale specimen of a bolted connection with a few bolts in a half side is used for the experiment. The small-scale experiment gives the mechanical behaviours easily. Tensile force applies to the specimen in the experiment; however, the bolted connection in an actual structure is exposed not only to tensile force but also to shear force or bending moment. In this study, a small-scale bolted connection for a specimen was developed to evaluate the bending behaviour of the bolted connection. The bolted connection was cranked at the centre. The crank is intended to generate the bending moment by the eccentricity of the applying tensile force and the force axis line. The mechanical behaviour of the bolted connection was investigated by finite element analysis. The bending moment is obtained theoretically as a product of the force and the eccentricity. However, the analysis reduced the applied bending moment by 75% from the theoretical value. The cause of the reduction was the support condition at the ends of the bolted connection. In a theoretical pinned supported case, the applied moment was not reduced; on the other hand, in a clamped supported case, which was assumed clamping by chucks in a universal test machine, the applied moment was reduced. From this finding, the behaviour of bolted connection in bending would be obtained in a small-scale experiment; however, the specimen is needed to design considering the support condition at the ends of the specimen.
Energy retrofitting of non-residential buildings with regards to heritage value and the established cultural landscape
Authors: Hrynyszyn Bozena Dorota , Bjelland David
Published: May 2024

Interior insulation can be a problematic necessity in case of renovating poorly insulated existing buildings of heritage value. The same applies to younger buildings with interior insulation that later might be qualified as worthy of protection due to their role within an established cultural landscape. This article covers a complex of non-residential buildings, which are part of a university campus. These buildings, from the 60’s, were built as a mix of poured and prefabricated concrete structures with interior insulation. The buildings’ performance, after more than 60 years in use, was analysed based on theoretical knowledge and professional experience, available project documentation, observations, and examinations regarding the current condition of materials and components. Basing on gathered data and primary simulations of hygrothermal performance, the retrofitting potential using internal insulation as a measure of retrofit in consideration of heritage value restrictions was evaluated. Protected buildings of this construction type are, to our knowledge, so far rarely part of retrofit analyses and therefore worthy of being looked at. The building technology used is considered typical for its construction place and time, making the results representative for a larger number of comparable buildings.
UNESCO World Heritage Site Karlovy Vary and its geotourism development opportunities linked with architecture
Authors: Duraj Miloš , Niemiec Dominik , Kubáč Jan , Marschalko Marian , Pohanka Radek , Sysala David , Vlček Jindřich , Sombathy Erik
Published: May 2024

Today’s appearance of spa towns in the country is represented by the architecture of the 19th and 20th centuries. We mainly find elements of empire, neo-renaissance, and art nouveau in them. Even Karlovy Vary, even though its history goes back to the past, presents itself with this architecture. Even though the spa was here at the very beginning of the city’s foundation, nothing was left of the original buildings due to natural disasters. If they were not natural disasters, they were also remediation that freed up space for the construction of new buildings. Apart from hotel buildings, typical objects of spa architecture are mainly spa buildings and pavilions, construction modifications of springs or colonnades. An essential part of these centres is also greenery and water supplements that balance the mass of these buildings. However, the favourable geological, especially hydrogeological and geomorphological conditions of these locations play the most important role for the development of the spa industry. From the point of view of tourism in Karlovy Vary, the aim of this work is to connect the classic spa tourism of this city, which was already supplemented by film tourism in the middle of the 20th century with geotourism.
Suceava during the Habsburg rule – urban development and identity completions
Authors: Cioban Andreea G. , Agachi Mihaela I.M.
Published: May 2024

This paper is part of the doctoral research concerning the places of sites and church towers in the development of urban patterns in the city of Suceava. For this article, we will dwell on the 18th and 19th century, when, in 1755, Suceava became a Habsburg territory, being part of Bucovina, an area that included the North-East of Moldova. This situation was maintained for a century and a half, Suceava also fulfilling the role of an Austro- Hungarian border town. In this period we can also mention an urban development of the city, a period that left numerous institutional buildings representing the new power. This impressive buildings are, as they follow: the Suceava Prefecture and the Suceava County Council (City Administrative Palace, completed in 1903-1904 and which originally housed the city administration, the police, the fire brigade, a savings bank and the history museum), Bucovina Museum (which includes more buildings ) - initially the seat of the District Headquarters, dating from 1902- 1903, Ștefan cel Mare National College (The Greek-Oriental Gymnasium, built between 1893-1895 on the site of the old Wood Market), the Old Hospital (General public home for the sick from Suceava, built in the period 1891-1903), the old Suceava Water Plant and many others. Also in these years, the city is equipped with construction equipment (for example, in 1908, the Electric Plant is commissioned), modernizations specific to modern times. A major interest was the establishment of modern institutions, characteristic of the Habsburg administration.
Evaluation of U-Net transfer learning model for semantic segmentation of landslides in the Colombian tropical mountain region
Authors: Vega Johnny , Hidalgo César
Published: May 2024

Landslides in tropical regions, like the Colombian Andean region, pose unique challenges due to factors such as intense rainfall, steep slopes, and complex terrains. Mapping historical and current landslide activity through inventory maps is essential in tropical mountainous regions. While satellite data is commonly used for mapping, it can be time-consuming and manual-intensive, limiting inventory availability. Deep Learning (DL) models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have shown promise in remote sensing applications with High Resolution (HR) imagery, including landslide detection. Despite advancements, their use in this field is still relatively limited. This study assesses the effectiveness of U-Net model, for automated landslide detection using spectral data from optical satellite imagery (RGB bands), two DEM-derived geo-indices (slope and curvature), and two Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) layers (VV amplitude pre- and post-landslide event in May 2015) across three image models (3, 5, and 7 bands). Initially, data is combined into multiband images, and the model is trained in the “La Argelia” river basin in Colombia’s Pacific region. Subsequently, the model is tested in the “La Liboriana” river basin in the western Andean region. The landslide detection results within the inference area are validated by comparing them with the landslide inventory and segmentation results. The U-Net model demonstrates good performance (F1-score around 0.70) for landslide detection, as confirmed in various geographical settings. By utilizing DL models and combining high-resolution satellite imagery, topographical, and SAR data, a comprehensive space-time mapping of landslides can be achieved. This approach has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of landslide mapping, offering a more holistic view of the temporal dynamics related to these natural hazards.
A multidisciplinary investigation of the Konopi mansion in Odvos, Romania
Authors: Popa Anca , Anghel Andreea , Onescu Iasmina , Mosoarca Marius
Published: May 2024

Architectural heritage represents one of the most important assets of a local community, as it embodies their authenticity and spirit of place. This paper takes a look at the nobiliary manor houses in the extra-urban area of the county Arad, which is located in the western part of Romania, close to the border with Hungary. Along the Mures River, there are many manor houses and the interest and curiosity for this type of former residences of the nobility in Romania has increased in the last few years, whether we are talking about entrepreneurs who want to restore them to their former glory or passers-by curious to discover hidden treasures in rural areas. This architecture, that of the extra-urban noble residences, is a particular feature of the Modernity, very valuable in terms of cultural heritage because it was the result of a culture of the European area. It can be said that the noble architecture of the region Banat-Crișana is a result of the regional interpenetration of Central European canons. Early modern noble residences –known by their classical architecture – are characteristic of rural landscape of the Mures Valley, with more than ten such mansions and buildings of high historical value. Of these, the Konopi mansion, whose architecture makes its presence felt in the consciousness of the community, as it marks the silhouette of the Mures valley. The aim of this paper is to study the manor house and the ensemble Konopi and the way in which the residences were thought of and perceived at the time, both from the point of view of their function as a dwelling and as a symbol of the family power in the countryside. The overall objective of this paper is to identify the ways to intervene on the Konopi Castle complex and to generate a strategy for its long-lasting functioning so that the historical monument of regional and local interest can be left for future generations.
Conservation, consolidation and restoration of the Holy Annunciation Church, Vatasesti village, region of Oltenia, Romania - Architectural and structural particularities
Authors: Popovici Traianus , Mosoarca Marius
Published: May 2024

The present article discusses the process of architectural and structural diagnosis of a late 18th century, brick masonry built, Christian church located in Vătășești village, Vâlcea county, Romania, presenting the particularities discovered. The church is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist and The Holy Annunciation and it is listed under the LMI code (List of historical monuments of Romania) VL-II-m-B-09968. Its registration in the list of historical monuments inscribed in the National Cultural Heritage of Romania was realized especially thanks to its original byzantine style mural paintings (frescoes) still left almost intact on the interior walls, the only serious damage made to it being found on the paintings once found on the outside walls. In order to properly conserve, consolidate and restore the vernacular monument, the process of diagnosis had to include research and investigations of various and complementary areas such as 3D scanning using laser scan technology, the archaeological report, the mural paintings restoration experts report, the chemical analysis of the painted surface, the biological analysis of different materials, humidity reports, stratigraphy research, the geological and topographical reports, the compression strength of bricks test and structural analysis using 3D modelling and the Etabs software. The materials and techniques used for the consolidation and restoration works had to be non-invasive, ecological and reversible, using steel nets and hydraulic lime for the consolidation of the brick masonry. The architectural interventions on the drainage system, facades, roof, interior floors, lighting system, and all the interventions that the article describes were subordinated by the need to preserve and highlight the Romanian orthodox frescoes that give great value to the monument. This article explains the importance of proper research and measurements ought to be done in order to have a well-coordinated process later, designing the consolidation and restoration project.
Pulmonale Hypertonie bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern im Lichte der 2022-ESC-PAH-Leitlinien
Authors: Kaemmerer Harald , Diller Gerhard Paul , Achenbach Stephan , Dähnert Ingo , Eichstaedt Christina A. , Eicken Andreas , Freiberger Annika , Freilinger Sebastian , Geiger Ralf , Gorenflo Matthias , Grünig Ekkehard , Hager Alfred , Huntgeburth Michael , Kaemmerer-Suleiman Ann-Sophie , Kozlik-Feldmann Rainer , Lammers Astrid E. , Nagdyman Nicole , Michel Sebastian , Schmidt Kai Helge , Uebing Anselm , von Scheidt Fabian , Apitz Christian
Published: May 2024

Die Zahl der Erwachsenen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern (AHF) steigt ständig und liegt in Deutschland bei etwa 360 000. AHF sind häufig mit einer pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH) assoziiert, die sich bei unbehandelten AHF teils schon frühzeitig entwickeln. Trotz einer zeitgerechten Behandlung des AHF persistiert eine PH häufig oder entwickelt sich im höheren Lebensalter neu und ist mit erheblicher Morbidität und Letalität behaftet.

Die überarbeiteten Leitlinien (LL) der European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society 2022 für die Diagnostik und Behandlung der PH stellen einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur optimierten Versorgung der Betroffenen dar. Der Themenbereich „Erwachsene mit angeborenen Herzfehlern“ wird in diesem Zusammenhang allerdings nur relativ oberflächlich behandelt. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird diese Thematik daher detailliert aus Sicht der kongenitalen Kardiologie kommentiert.
The LAT Rheostat as a Regulator of Megakaryocyte Activation
Authors: Moroi Alyssa J. , Newman Peter J.
Published: May 2024

Background Specifically positioned negatively charged residues within the cytoplasmic domain of the adaptor protein, linker for the activation of T cells (LAT), have been shown to be important for efficient phosphorylation of tyrosine residues that function to recruit cytosolic proteins downstream of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) receptor signaling. LAT tyrosine 132—the binding site for PLC-γ2—is a notable exception, preceded instead by a glycine, making it a relatively poor substrate for phosphorylation. Mutating Gly131 to an acidic residue has been shown in T cells to enhance ITAM-linked receptor-mediated signaling. Whether this is generally true in other cell types is not known.

Methods To examine whether LAT Gly131 restricts ITAM signaling in cells of the megakaryocyte lineage, we introduced an aspartic acid at this position in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), differentiated them into megakaryocytes, and examined its functional consequences.

Results iPSCs expressing G131D LAT differentiated and matured into megakaryocytes normally, but exhibited markedly enhanced reactivity to glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-agonist stimulation. The rate and extent of LAT Tyr132 and PLC-γ2 phosphorylation, and proplatelet formation on GPVI-reactive substrates, were also enhanced.

Conclusion These data demonstrate that a glycine residue at the -1 position of LAT Tyr132 functions as a kinetic bottleneck to restrain Tyr132 phosphorylation and signaling downstream of ITAM receptor engagement in the megakaryocyte lineage. These findings may have translational applications in the burgeoning field of in vitro platelet bioengineering.
Exploring Causal Relationships between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Thromboangiitis Obliterans: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Bihui , He Rui , Yao Ziping , Li Pengyu , Niu Guochen , Yan Ziguang , Zou Yinghua , Tong Xiaoqiang , Yang Min
Published: May 2024

Background Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a vascular condition characterized by poor prognosis and an unclear etiology. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal impact of circulating inflammatory proteins on TAO.

Methods In this MR analysis, summary statistics from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 91 inflammation-related proteins were integrated with independently sourced TAO data from the FinnGen consortium's R10 release. Methods such as inverse variance weighting, MR–Egger regression, weighted median approaches, MR-PRESSO, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were utilized.

Results The analysis indicated an association between higher levels of C–C motif chemokine 4 and a reduced risk of TAO, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.67; p = 1.4 × 10−4; adjusted p = 0.013). Similarly, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor exhibited a suggestively protective effect against TAO (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.81; p = 0.010; adjusted p = 0.218). Conversely, higher levels of C–C motif chemokine 23 were suggestively linked to an increased risk of TAO (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.21–2.93; p = 0.005; adjusted p = 0.218). The sensitivity analysis and MVMR revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy.

Conclusion This study identifies C–C motif chemokine 4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as potential protective biomarkers for TAO, whereas C–C motif chemokine 23 emerges as a suggestive risk marker. These findings elucidate potential causal relationships and highlight the significance of these proteins in the pathogenesis and prospective therapeutic strategies for TAO.
Optimizing Use of High-Sensitivity Troponin for Risk-Stratification of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Goraya Sayhaan R. , O'Hare Connor , Grace Kelsey A. , Schaeffer William J. , Hyder S. Nabeel , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Greineder Colin F.
Published: May 2024

Background High-sensitivity troponin T (HS-TnT) may improve risk-stratification in hemodynamically stable acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but an optimal strategy for combining this biomarker with clinical risk-stratification tools has not been determined.

Study Hypothesis We hypothesized that different HS-TnT cutoff values may be optimal for identifying (1) low-risk patients who may be eligible for outpatient management and (2) patients at increased risk of clinical deterioration who might benefit from advanced PE therapies.

Methods Retrospective analysis of hemodynamically stable patients in the University of Michigan acute ED-PE registry with available HS-TnT values. Primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and need for intensive care unit-level care. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine optimal HS-TnT cutoffs in the entire cohort, and for those at higher risk based on the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) or imaging findings.

Results The optimal HS-TnT cutoff in the full cohort, 12 pg/mL, was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 3.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–10.50) and remained a significant predictor after adjusting for the simplified PESI (sPESI) score and serum creatinine (adjusted OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.11–8.38). A HS-TnT cutoff of 87 pg/mL was associated with 30-day mortality (OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.08–12.06) in patients with sPESI ≥1 or right ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusion In this retrospective, single-center study of acute PE patients, we identified distinct optimal HS-TnT values for different clinical uses—a lower cutoff, which identified low-risk patients even in the absence of other risk-stratification methods, and a higher cutoff, which was strongly associated with adverse outcomes in patients at increased risk.