bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESKİ ÇİN'DE KÖLELİK VE SOSYAL EŞİTSİZLİK: SHANG HANEDANI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SERTDEMİR İlknur
Published: January 2024

Antik dönem Çin tarihinin üç büyük hükümranlığı, milattan önce yaklaşık olarak on dokuz asrı kapsayan Xia (MÖ 2070-1600), Shang (MÖ 1600-1046) ve Zhou (MÖ 1046-256) hanedanlarına aittir. İlkellikten uygarlığa geçiş sürecini yazının icadıyla temsil eden Shanglar; kültürel gelişmelere ev sahipliği yapmalarına rağmen batıl itikatlara dalan, fal ve büyüden medet uman hanedan mensuplarının bireysel çıkarları doğrultusunda sosyal bir gerçeklik olan toplumsal tabakalaşmaya maruz kalır. Bu tabakalaşma neticesinde, soylu kesime iltimas geçerek tebaayı basamaklara ayıran sınıfsal bölünme ve hiyerarşik örgütlenmenin ilk örnekleri vuku bulur. Shang dönemi, bir yandan ilk resmi hanedanlığı kuran Xialarca başlatılan atalar kültü geleneğini sürdüren; fakat diğer yandan, tahta geçen hükümdarların kendilerini ilahi bir kudretle eş tutmalarına bağlı olarak halkı statüsel açıdan aşağılayan bir süreci işaret etmektedir. Xia döneminde saygı mefhumu adı altında gerçekleşen ritüellerin Shang hükümdarları tarafından yalnızca kendilerine mal edilmesi, ata ruhun göğe aidiyeti inanışını bambaşka bir boyuta taşır. Böylece asil kana mensup olmayanların hanedanlığın önünde itaate zorlanarak köleleştirildiği, ihmal edilmemesi gereken bir hususu da gözler önüne sermektedir. Soylu kesimin dışında kalan tebaayı görevine, konumuna, mesleğine ve rütbesine göre ayıran Shang hükümdarları, hanedanlığı hizmetindeki köleleri de belirledikleri ceza, kural ve yaptırımlar üzerinden sınıflandırmaktadır. Bu hakikate rağmen Çinli araştırmacılar arasında cereyan eden görüş ayrılıklarının temelinde, Çin’de köleliğin var olup olmadığı ikilemi yatmaktadır. Ancak, antik çağa tarihlenen klasik metinler üzerinden detaylı bir inceleme yapıldığında Shang döneminde kölelik müessesinin yaygınlaştığı ve hükümdarların acımasız yönetim politikası yüzünden hanedanlığın yıkıldığı çözümlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Çin bürokrasine yön veren sınıfsal bölünme ve hiyerarşik örgütlenme ele alınarak özel mülkiyet düşüncesinden hareketle eski Çin toplumunda köleliğin deneyimlendiği savlanacaktır.
Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) Contribution to the Staff Improvement and Research and Publication of Higher Institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria, from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Kwashabawa Bala Bakwai , Mustapha Nura
Published: January 2024

This study is on the assessment of the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) contribution to the staff improvement and research and publication of higher institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria from 2015-2020. The study adopted a survey research design to enable the researcher to assess the TETFund contribution for the improvement of research and publication of higher institutions in Kebbi State. The study selected 161 out of 1900 academic staff total of the population and 196 out of the 2323 on non-academic staff of the entire population of the study using the Research Advisors Table (2006) for determining the sample size. The study used a questionnaire as an instrument for collecting data. The method of data analysis was frequency count and percentage. The study found that TETFund contributed to staff improvement through TETFund normal intervention by sponsoring of local and international training to academic staff and sponsoring local seminars and conferences or workshops to academic and non-academic staff of Kebbi State higher institutions and TETFund contributed to the improvement of research and publication through normal intervention by sponsoring of journal publications and researches and book publications of higher institutions in Kebbi State. It is also recommended that TETFund should live up to its expectations in terms of normal intervention on staff improvement that would aid the effective improvement of higher institutions in Kebbi State and that publishers should complement the effort of TETFund in assisting the Kebbi State higher institutions staff in the publication of their books and journals without payment. Such publishers should be encouraged by the State Government by granting them tax relief and other incentives for smooth operations.
16S Ribosomal Gene Sequencing, Phylogeny and Multidrug Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Otu Joseph Ubi , Edim Sunday Nyambi , Ugor Sunday Offering , Obiaje John Ushie
Published: January 2024

This work sequenced 16S ribosomal gene, determined phylogeny and multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria. A total of 184 clinical specimens were collected from patients and were characterized by standard methods of culturing and biochemical tests. One of the bacterial isolates was selected and subjected to molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Sanger method. P. aeruginosa was subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. After culturing, 94 (51.08%) were positive for bacterial growth; out of 94 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 15 (15.96%) were from ear swabs, 14 (14.89%) from skin swabs, 20 (21.28%) from burn wound samples, 18 (19.15) from used cotton wool, 12 (12.76%) from catheter, and 4 (4.25% each) from urine and sputum. Also, this study recorded high prevalence rate of isolates among the female than male (63.83% and 36.17%, respectively), and the highest average (34%) of isolates were recorded among the age group 36-45 years and the lowest prevalence (5.22%) was recorded among the age group 15-25 years. The isolate demonstrated high resistance to beta-lactams (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cloxacillin, Augmentin and Ceftazidime). Results also revealed resistance to macrolide (Erythromycin) and sulphonamide (Septrin); and the organism was resistant to two aminoglycosides (Gentamycin and Amikacin) but sensitive to chloramphenicol. The quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Norfloxacin) were very effective against the bacterium. There was statistically significant difference amongst the zones of inhibition at (P≤ 0.05) exhibited by the different antibiotics. The quinolones may therefore be considered as reserve drugs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. To avoid resistance development, illicit use of antibiotics is not advised. Continued monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in hospitals and community settings is imperative to provide effective therapeutic options.
DNA Extraction from Blood Stored on FTA Cards
Authors: Elmrghni Samir
Published: January 2024

Informed consent was obtained from 238 unrelated Libyan individuals (Benghazi region). DNA was extracted from blood stains collected on FTA1 cards About 1.2 mm FTA1 disc and 1 ng of DNA purified from buccal swabs was used products were separated and detected using the ABI Prism 310xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol. The data were analysed using GeneMapper ID v3.2 (Applied Biosystems). Quality control - The laboratory has participated in the Y-STR Haplotyping Quality Assurance Exercise (Certified at 2010-5-20). We conclude that amplification of DNA stored on FTA cards can be used safely to analyse DNA profiles.
Prevalence of Camel Mastitis and Its Associated Risk Factors in and around Garowe District, Puntland, Somalia
Authors: Farah Ahmed Ali , Said Said Abdirashiid , Farah Abdirahman Jama
Published: January 2024

Mastitis is one of the main issues that cause economic inefficiencies in dairy farms. It has numerous infectious and non-infectious origins and is divided into clinical and subclinical forms. A cross sectional study of camel mastitis was conducted on 88 lactating camels from Garowe District Puntland between May to August 2023 to estimate the prevalence and causes of mastitis, as well the risk factors involved on disease. Prevalence of mastitis was assessed by using California mastitis test (CMT) and bacterial cultured. The overall prevalence of mastitis at animal level was camels examined for mastitis was found a prevalence of 39.7% (35/88) in the current study. The overall quarter level prevalence was 47.7% (168/352). Among these 10(11.4%) and 25(28.4%) were found to be positive with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis respectively, based on clinical examination and mastitis indicator paper (Table 2). Regarding Result analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association (P<0.05) among four the risk factors (tick infected, wound stage of lactation and poor hygienic). Tick infestation and udder lesions were significantly associated with camel mastitis (P < 0.05). Bacteriological examination of CMT along with bacteriological culture methods were used. The study cultured a positive camel milk samples revealed that Staphylococcus spp was the major causative agents for both clinical and sub clinical camel mastitis (45.7%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (25.7%), E. coli (14.3%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%) and Micrococcus (5.7%) respectively. The study demonstrated that camel mastitis is a problem which warrants appropriate control measures in order to improve the health of camels and quality of camel milk production in the study area. The isolation of genera of pathogenic bacteria from the camel milk samples suggests the need for strict hygienic measures during the production and handling of camel milk to reduce public health hazards. Furthermore, public education should be given to improve their awareness about the importance of proper herd health management and hygienic milking practices. In order to minimize the adverse effect of mastitis on the yield, quality of milk and zoonotic impact of the pathogen. The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was found to be significantly high. Therefore, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the prevention and control of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents significant public health risks.
Effectiveness of Non-Monetary Motivations on Job Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Institutions in Tabora Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Mashenene Amos , Tieng’o William D.
Published: January 2024

This study sought to examine “the effectiveness of non-monetary motivations on job performance in public institutions; a case of Tabora Municipal Council. The study was confined to four specific objectives which were: (1) To examine the process of Recognizing workers as non-monetary motivation on job performance in Tabora Municipal Council (2) To examine the process of Promoting workers as non-monetary motivation on job performance in Tabora Municipal Council (3) To determine the process of Training workers as non-monetary motivation on job performance in Tabora Municipal Council (4) To determine the relationship between non-monetary motivations and employees’ job performance in Tabora Municipal Council. A descriptive correlational study design was adopted and a total sample of 148 respondents was consulted. The stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Questionnaires were employed as tools of data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed by frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation, and the data were presented in tables and figures. The study findings revealed that the processes of non-monetary motivations follow labor and employment policy guidelines at Tabora Municipality. Furthermore, the study findings revealed that factors for successful practices are the use of fairness, policy, and evaluation feedback reports. The study findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between non-monetary motivations and job performance. Lastly, the study recommends that Trust from all employees must be taken into account to create a fair and equal chance when it comes to the awarding process. Management members should be trained properly to conduct the employee performance review as one of the tool requirements in granting non-monetary motivation awards to workers.
Extraction, Mapping, and Analysis of Structural Lineaments using Geospatial Azimuth-Altitude Ratio Technique on a DEM of a Sub-Catchment of the Upper Benue River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Adaviruku Peter Emmanjay , Oyatayo Kehinde Taofik
Published: January 2024

Lineaments have a wide range of implications and applications in geology, hydrogeology and geomorphology. The focus of this study was on structural or geological lineaments and their implication on hydrogeology and hydrogeomorphology. Hence, this study aimed at the extraction, mapping, and analysis of structural lineaments using a DEM in the Adamawa sub-catchment of the Upper Benue River basin. ArcGIS 10.8 was used for the geospatial technique of Azimuth-Altitude ratio (315:45, 200:50, 150:65, and 100:60) variation, manual digitization for the extraction, mapping and analysis of lineaments. The choice of manual or visual digitization was to apply expert experience to extract only structural and exclude geomorphological and pseudo lineaments. The Azimuth-Altitude ratio variation approach was to improve clarity and identification to aid the manual extraction. The lineament map generated after extraction was used to analyze for lineament density, total number, and total length. A further analysis applied the rose diagram to depict the directional orientation or trends of these lineaments. The result revealed that at various Azimuth and Altitude ratios, the features on the image become more distinguishable for extraction. At 315:45 Azimuth and Altitude ratio, the hill-shade produced revealed the major lineaments more clearly compared to other ratios but minor lineaments were undermined. Also, a total number of 343 lineaments were found in the Adamawa sub-catchment of the Upper Benue River Basin with a total length of 2897.81km. The lineament density was found to range between 1km/km2 and 5km/km2. The result of the lineament statistical analysis showed that the extracted lineaments have trends in the direction of N-S, NNE-SSW, NE-SW, E-W, SE-NW, and SSE-NNW. This therefore concluded that the Adamawa sub-catchment of the Upper Benue River Basin has high lineament density and lineament extraction from DEM at various Azimuth and Altitude ratios enhances lineament extraction. The implications of the findings from the results suggest that areas with a high density of lineaments might be affected by higher structural deformation, which signifies higher groundwater infiltration potential zones and initiation of first-order drainage networks. This information is vital for water resources management in the sub-catchment.
Effect of Cucumber mosaic virus on the Content of Some Melon Genotypes of Some Mineral Elements and Plant Hormones
Authors: Jabbar Ammar S. , AL-Abedy Aqeel N. , Farhood Ali N.
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the levels of some mineral elements and plant hormones in some melon genotypes. All experiments mentioned in this research were conducted in the Laboratory of plant virology and Greenhouses belonging to the Plant Protection Department/ College of the Agriculture/ University of Kerbala. PCR amplification using the complementary DNA (cDNA), synthesized from RNA isolated from an infected plant, produced a 650bp PCR product. A BLAST search using the nucleotide sequence of the PCR product demonstrated that this CMV isolate was previously registered at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with a similarity of 100% with some CMV isolates identified in Hungary (AJ517802), Australia (U22821), and Slovenia (OL142046). It was also found that all melon genotypes evaluated in this study were susceptible to CMV, and the genotypes HA-144 and HA-609 were the most susceptible to CMV among the other tested genotypes. Results also showed that the CMV infection significantly reduced the levels of some minerals (calcium, magnesium, and manganese), and the genotypes HA-144, GM-3034, and GA-1534 were the most affected by the virus.; whereas the mineral elements sodium and potassium were significantly increased in their levels in infected plants, especially in the genotype HA-609. The CMV infection also clearly reduced the level of the hormone gibberellin in genotypes and the GA-1534 genotype was the most impacted and significantly different from their levels in the uninfected plants. However, the CMVinfected genotypes showed a significant increase in the level of the hormones cytokinin.
Innovation in Education Adapting Political Theory to the 4.0 Industrial Revolution
Authors: Binh Tran Thi My
Published: January 2024

The world is changing dramatically as a result of the fourth industrial revolution. To adapt to practical requirements, higher education, particularly political theory education, must adjust its aims, content, and teaching methods. If political theory lecturers in today's universities adapt well to the changes of the 4.0 industrial revolution, the role of political theory education in training high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of national development, openness, and international integration will become increasingly important.
Maximal Efficiencies in New Single GaAs 1−x Sb x-Alloy Junction Solar Cells at 300 K
Authors: Van-Cong Huynh
Published: January 2024

In single n+(p+)−p(n) [X(x)≡GaAs1−xSbx]-alloy junction solar cells at 300 K, 0≤x≤1, by basing on the same physical model and the same treatment method, as those used in our recent work (Van Cong et al., 2023; Van Cong, 2023), we will investigate the highest (or maximal) efficiencies, ηImax.(IImax.), obtained at the open circuit voltage Voc(=VocI(ocII)), according to highest hot reservoir temperatures TH(K), obtained from the Carnot efficiency theorem, being proved by entropy law. Here, one first remarks that, with increasing x=(0, 0.5, 1), (i)- from Table 3, for the single n+−p X(x)-alloy junction solar cell and for given rSn(Cd)-radius, for example, ηImax.(↘)= 31.14%, 28.72%, 25.36%, according to TH(K)=
Towards A Cell Biology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors:   Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, 265 Campus, Stanford CA 94305 USA, Südhof Thomas C.
Published: January 2024

In many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the dysfunction of multiple cell types causes neuronal cell death, but the precise cellular processes involved remain incompletely understood for any neurodegenerative disease. Strikingly, synapses are often affected early during pathogenesis, probably because presynaptic terminals are distant outstations of neurons that are the most vulnerable part of a neuron. In AD, multiple mutations in APP and presenilin genes cause rare familial cases, while the ApoE4 variant of the ApoE gene represents the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD in the general population. APP and presenilin gene mutations are thought to induce AD pathogenesis by overproducing pathogenic Abeta variants, and ApoE4 is thought to influence Abeta clearance, but how Abeta might incite AD pathogenesis and how ApoE4 might predispose to AD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Moreover, compelling evidence implicates microglial and possibly astrocytic dysfunction in AD pathogenesis. In my lab, we have taken a cell-biological approach to these questions with a focus on synapses because of their prominent role in AD, recognizing that synapse impairments in AD may also be secondary to microglial dysfunction. We have examined how pathogenic APP mutations, chronic impairments of presenilin function, or ApoE4 may act on synapses, using human neurons trans-differentiated from ES and iPS cells as a model. In my presentation, I will discuss the current status of this project which is far from providing a definitive account of AD pathogenesis but may offer a basis for understanding the most basic processes underlying such pathogenesis.
Targeting ER Acetylation to Rescue Proteotoxicity
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, Puglielli Luigi
Published: January 2024

Transient acetylation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen has emerged as a novel mechanism that regulates proteostasis and dynamics of the secretory pathway. The ER acetylation machinery includes AT-1, a membrane transporter that imports acetyl-CoA from the cytosol into the ER lumen, and two acetyltrasferases, ATase1 and ATase2, which acetylate ER cargo and resident proteins. Loss-of-function mutations or gene duplication events that affect ER acetylation are linked to developmental delay and premature death (homozygous mutation), hereditary forms of peripheral neuropathy (homozygous mutation), and autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability and progeria (gene duplication). Mouse models of dysfunctional ER acetylation mimic associated human phenotypes.
Aged APP AD Mice Demonstrate Spontaneous Ca2+ Oscillations of Pancreatic Acinar Cells: First Evidence of Amyloid pores in AD Model
Authors:   Department of Neurobiology at the Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Wu Jie
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia, involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in brain plaques. Aβ’s precise toxic mechanisms remain unclear. The Aβ channel hypothesis suggests Aβ forms Ca2+-permeable channels in cell membranes, possibly leading to Ca2+ signal disruption and neurodegeneration. Detecting Aβ-formed Ca2+channels in native cells of AD model animals is a key question. In our study, we identified Aβ-formed Ca2+ channels in aged amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic AD mice. Measuring intracellular Ca2+ signals in mouse pancreatic acinar cells, we observed spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations following whole-cell configuration formation. Ca2+ influx triggered these oscillations, as external Ca2+ removal halted them. Notably, we couldn’t replicate these oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells from age-matched wildtype (WT) mice or younger APP mice. Given the absence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in pancreatic acinar cells, external Ca2+influx-triggered oscillations may involve Aβ-formed Ca2+-permeable channels. Supporting this, we found Aβ plaques in pancreatic sections from aged APP mice, and in adult WT mice’s pancreatic acinar cells, Aβ application produced Ca2+ oscillations dependent on external Ca2+. Furthermore, adding oligomer Aβ1-42 into patch pipette solution enabled Aβ-perforated channel measurement, and fluorescent-tagged Aβ1-42 in primary hippocampal cultures revealed Aβ spots within cells. This study provides experimental evidence that Aβ can form Ca2+ permeable channels in pancreatic acinar cells in aged APP AD model mice, shedding light on novel mechanisms for understanding altered Ca2+ homeostasis and neurotoxicity in AD pathogenesis.
Could Selective Calpain-2 Inhibitors be used for AD Treatment?
Authors:   Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, Baudry Michel
Published: January 2024

Work in our laboratory over the last 10 years has shown that prolonged brain calpain-2 activation following a variety of insults plays a critical role in brain pathology resulting from these insults, including neuronal damage, brain inflammation, and cognitive impairment. My laboratory is collaborating with NeurAegis, Inc, to develop selective calpain-2 inhibitors for the treatment of a number of neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury and concussions. We have identified a lead clinical candidate, NA-184, which significantly inhibits neuronal damage in rodent models of TBI, as well as a blood biomarker, P13BP, which reflects brain calpain-2 activation. We will discuss our plans to bring NA-184 to the clinic in 2024.
Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis: Contributors to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors:   New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Kamer Angela
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a continuum condition characterized by specific pathologies such as amyloid β plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. There is consensus that the preclinical phase in which there is AD pathology but no symptomatology could be the appropriate phase to target AD pathology with preventive measures. Therefore, an important focus is placed on identifying modifiable risks for AD and other dementia before severe irreversible brain damage occurs. Recent studies show that peripheral inflammation and microbes play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis by inducing neuroinflammation, brain pathology, and cognitive decline. Periodontal disease a localized peripheral chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 50% of people over 55 years of age is characterized by dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) with high Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial load and increased systemic inflammation. We posed that periodontal disease with its significant local and systemic inflammatory and microbial burden contribute to AD pathogenesis. Literature data including results coming from our group will show support for periodontal disease cont ribution to AD brain pathology.
Innate Immune Activation in Mouse Models of Amyloidosis and Tauopathy
Authors:   MSU Foundation Professor of Translational Neuroscience, Morgan David
Published: January 2024

For many years scientists have felt that innate immune activation in the brain (some call this inflammation) played a role in Alzheimer's dementia, and may provide a useful drug target. This hypothesis has been reinforced by the genetic studies which identified many innate immune gene variants that modulate the risk of developing Alzheimer's. Our initial studies testing the hypothesis examined immune activation in models of amyloidosis using lipopolysaccharide and vaccination. Surprisingly, both led to reduced amyloidosis. Additional studies regulated immune activation using gene therapy in both models of amyloidosis and tauopathy. In many instances, an intervention that benefited amyloidosis was found to exacerbate tauopathy and vice versa. In studies of innate immune markers in human CSF, there are some biomarkers that are lower in individuals who are amyloid positive compared to those without amyloid, but which increase in cases with both amyloid and tau positivity. Although the results regarding central nervous system innate immune activation are sometimes discordant with respect to amyloid or tau pathology, recent data find that systemic immune activation by serial exposures to PAMPs, results in both increased tau pathology and increased amyloid pathology. In conclusion, innate immune activation can have differential effects on amyloidosis or tauopathy and the effects of central and systemic inflammation may also be different. Specific targeting of select aspects of innate immunity will be necessary at different stages of the disease to moderate the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Novel Small-molecule Inhibitor of NLRP3 Inflammasome as Possible Treatment for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors:   Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Pasinetti Giulio Maria , Dias Portela Ariana Soares , Masieri Sibilla , Naughton Sean X. , Arias Ruth Iban , Yang Eun-jeong
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is over activated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), leading to chronic inflammation by activating several cytokines. A novel small-molecule inhibitor C77 was described to block NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore our study is focused in optimizing and understanding the capabilities of the small-molecule inhibitor for possible treatment of ALS. We hypothesize that C77 can cross the BBB and the muscle, therefore blocking NLRP3 inflammasome and slow disease progression and mortality.
Exosomes from WT Mice Enhances Memory Recall-induced IEG Expression and Rescue Dendritic Spines Deficit in Angelman Syndrome Mice
Authors:   College of Dental Medicine, Western Univ. of Health Sciences,Pomona, CA, Baudry Michel , Penna Eduardo , Su Wenyue , Reece Tristan , Braga Melissa , Bi Xiaoning ,   College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific
Published: January 2024

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder caused by deletion or mutations in the UBE3A gene, which lead to the deficiency of the UBE3A protein in neurons. UBE3A is crucial for normal neuronal communication, as it regulates the turnover of synaptic proteins and synaptic plasticity. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by various cells, including neurons, play important roles in intercellular communication. Exosomes contain a variety of molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, and can transfer these components between cells. Emerging evidence indicates that exosomes are critical for normal brain functions, and in recent years many studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of exosomes as vehicles for delivering therapeutic cargoes in various neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the potential role of exosomes in regulating spine morphology in AS mice. Our results showed that activation of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1 stimulated exosome release from synaptosomes prepared from adult WT mice, but not from synaptosomes prepared from adult AS mice. Intriguingly, UBE3A was present in exosomes secreted from WT mice. It has been previously shown that hippocampal neurons of AS mice exhibit fewer dendritic spines, as compared to those from WT mice. Incubation of cultured hippocampal neurons from AS mice with conditioned medium from cultured hippocampal neurons from WT mice rescued the number of dendritic spines. Our data suggest that this effect is most likely due to exosomes in the medium, since purified exosomes from conditioned medium of WT neurons produced a similar rescue effect in cultured neurons from AS mice. Moreover, intravenous injection of exosomes prepared from synaptosomes of adult WT mice seemed to enhance contextual memory recall and associated immediate early gene (IEG) expression, and te number of dendritic spines in CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult AS mice. Whether and to what degree UBE3A present in WT exosomes participates in the rescue of AS neuronal morphology remains to be determined. Together, these results reveal both altered exosomal secretion and composition in AS mice. Treatment of AS neurons or adult AS mice with exosomes rescued dendritic spine deficits in vitro and in vivo. These results open new therapeutical approaches for using exosomes as a potential treatment for this disease.
Elovl2 and Elovl4 reduction in Adipor1-/- and Mfrprd6 Leads to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Authors:   Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Health New Orleans, LA 70122, USA, Kautzmann Marie-Audrey I. , Mukherjee Pranab K. , Bazan Nicolas G.
Published: January 2024

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is enriched in the central nervous system, including the retina, where it preserves vision by maintaining photoreceptor disc integrity. DHA plays a central role in neural cell homeostasis, having antioxidative, anti- inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties through derived lipid mediators. We have discovered that mutant Adipor1 and Mfrp mice have a selective reduction of DHA and very long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs; >28 carbons) formed notably by elongases ELOVL2 and 4 (ELOngation of Very Long chain fatty acids). These mice have impaired retinal function and progressive loss of photoreceptor cells. We have now determined the underlying mechanism leading to inflammaging in these models for retinal degeneration. We harvested retinas and RPE-eyecups from Adipor1-/-, Mfrprd6 and C57BL/6J (wild- type; WT) male and female mice and performed capillary Jess (Protein Simple) Western blot for Elovl2 and Elovl4. FAM-FLICA Caspase-1 Assay was performed on eye sections to determine caspase-1 activation. Immunohistochemistry was performed with Iba-1 antibody to determine microglia invasion in mutant mice. Protein expressions of Elovl2 and 4 were reduced in the mutants. FAM-FLICA showed Adipor1-/- and Mfrprd6 had a 47% and 189% increase in caspase 1 activity. Immunostaining demonstrated greater Iba-1 positive cells in both mutant retinas. Adipor1-/- and Mfrprd6 are susceptible to uncontrolled neuroinflammation, leading to microglia invasion and caspase 1-dependent retina damage, suggesting pyroptotic immune response and targeting of the inflammasome pathway.
Scientific project in physics "Carbonated liquids and carbonation level"
Authors: Irina Zheleznova , Bakytkeldy Tleubergenov
Published: January 2024

Carbonated soft drinks are widely used by people in everyday life to quench thirst and for medicinal purposes. Such drinks have a positive effect on digestion and swallowing. The problem of swallowing activation by carbonated beverages has previously been investigated. However, this past study did not address the important issue of stability of a carbonated beverage in an open vessel. Although it is obvious that the degree of carbonated beverage will change over time and at different temperatures in an open vessel. In our work we attempted to fill this gap in the research and followed the formation of gas bubbles on the surface of the vessel walls in different carbonated liquids, over different time intervals, at different temperatures and in vessels made of different materials. Our results made it possible to identify patterns affecting the process of formation and disappearance of carbon dioxide bubbles. Visual determination of the degree of carbonation of a beverage in an open vessel over time will allow more effective use of carbonated beverages to address swallowing in patients with this condition.
Pengaruh Volatilitas Penjualan Dan Siklus Operasi Terhadap Persistensi Laba Melalui Non Discretionary Accrual (Studi Pada Perusahaan Property Dan Real Estate Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2016-2020)
Authors: Naslia Naslia , Jamaluddin Majid  , Namla Elfa Syariati
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of sales volatility and the operating cycle on earnings persistence through non-discretionary accruals in property and real and estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. This research is a quantitative research with a comparative causality approach. The population in this study are property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with purposive sampling technique. The data used in this study is secondary data which is accessed through www.idx.co.id. Data analysis uses path analysis and uses the Sobel test to examine the indirect effect of sales volatility and the operating cycle on earnings persistence through non-discretionary accruals. The results showed that sales volatility had no effect on non-discretionary accruals, while the operating cycle had an effect on non-discretionary accruals, sales volatility and the operating cycle had an effect on earnings persistence and non-discretionary accruals had an effect on earnings persistence. Meanwhile, the results of the indirect or mediating effect test show that non-discretionary accruals are only able to mediate the operating cycle on earnings persistence
ROMANTİK İLİŞKİ YAŞAYAN BİREYLERDE BAĞLANMA STİLİ AÇISINDAN İLİŞKİ DOYUMU VE BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIĞIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Cevik Tugba
Published: January 2024

Kişinin nasıl bir yaşam sürdüğü ya da hangi değerlere sahip olduğu romantik ilişkinin başarılı olmasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, romantik ilişkilerde bağlılık faktörünün önemli olması nedeniyle ilişkilerdeki doyumun nasıl sağlanacağını incelemek ve bilinçli farkındalığın gelişiminin etkilerini ortaya koymak olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yakın çevresi ile ilişki kurmak isteyen ve bunu ihtiyaç edinen insanın, ilişkilere yüklediği anlama, öneme ve ilişkinin türüne göre ilişkiler sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bu sınıflandırmanın başlıklarından biri olan romantik ilişkiler, bireylerin karşılıklı olarak hissettiği sevgi, kabul gibi duyguların yanında fiziksel olarak yakınlığı da içeren bir ilişki çeşididir. Bu tür ilişkiler tamamen kendine has, öznel ilişkilerdir. Bu sebeple romantik ilişkiler birden fazla dinamikle belirlenmektedir. Bu dinamikler fiziksel ya da manevi değerleri de barındırmaktadır. Romantik ilişkileri anlamak için birçok çalışma incelenerek romantik ilişkiyi oluşturan ve bağlılığa etki eden faktörler şöyle özetlenmektedir: Cinsiyet, Yaş, Eğitim seviyesi, sevgi, saygı karşılılık vb. hem duygusal hem fizyolojik birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Mutlu bir romantik ilişkinin belirleyicisi ilişki doyumu ile ifade edilmektedir. Üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde yapılan bir çalışmada romantik ilişki içerisindeki partnerlerin psikolojik doyumlarını belirlemedeki etkenleri tespit etmek için regresyon analizi kullanılmaktadır. Bu analiz bulguları şöyledir; romantik ilişkilerin %34,7 sinin öz saygı, kaçınmacı ve kaygılı bağlanma ile doyuma ulaştıkları gösterilmektedir. Bu analizle bağlanmanın ilişkiler açısından önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Kişilerin hayatlarında olup biten somut ya da soyut birçok olayı fiziksel ve zihinsel açıdan bilinçli farkındalık olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bilinçli farkındalık, kişinin ilişkilerinde ayırt edici olabilmesi ve romantik ilişkilerindeki durumu anlamlandırarak hayatını olumlu sürdürmesi için oldukça önemlidir.
Research on the Path of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Local Applied Universities under the "Cloud" Mode
Authors:   De La Salle University-Dasmarinas , Philippines, Xu Guoqing , Chen Huihui ,   De La Salle University-Dasmarinas , Philippines, Gatdula Gladiolus ,   De La Salle University-Dasmarinas , Philippines, Wang Zhi ,   De La Salle University-Dasmarinas , Philippines, Liu Xi ,   De La Salle University-Dasmarinas , Philippines
Published: January 2024

The"cloud"modelisoneoftheimportantexplorationdirectionsofinnovationandentrepreneurshipeducation（"InnovationAndEntrepreneurshipEducation"canbewrittenasI&EE）inuniversities.LocalapplieduniversitiesareconstantlytryingtoreformtheI&EEmodel.ThisstudyaimstoexplorethepathofI&EEinlocalapplieduniversitiesunderthe"cloud"model,inordertoimprovetheeffectivenessandeffectivenessofI&EE.ThroughthepracticalcaseandqualitativeanalysisofI&EEinuniversities,thisstudydeeplyanalyzesthepracticalachievementsandbottlenecksofI&EEinlocalapplieduniversitiesunderthe"cloud"mode.Onthebasisofsummarizing,thispaperputsforwardthepracticalmodeofI&EEpathinlocalapplieduniversitiesunderthe"cloud"modewith"production,teaching,researchandsocialservice"asthefulcrum,thatis,throughthedevelopmentofproductivepracticeprojects,promotethedifferentiateddevelopmentofstudents,andsolvetheproblemofcombiningteachingpracticeandentrepreneurshipbymeansofschool-enterprisecooperation.ThisresearchhasimportantpracticalsignificanceforpromotingthecontinuousinnovationandupgradingofI&EEinuniversities
Innovative Research on Tourism Culture Communication and Chinese Language Teaching in New Media Environment
Authors:   Northwest Normal University, China, Wan Shujia , Xue Xiaolin ,   Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, China
Published: January 2024

Under the background of the era of rapid development of new media, the two interrelated fields of tourism culture dissemination and Chinese language teaching have also been profoundly affected. In this paper, we will discuss how to realize the effective dissemination of tourism culture and improve the effect of Chinese language teaching using new media, to provide useful references and inspirations for research and practice in related fields.
Linearization and unaccusativity: The relative order of dative and nominative arguments with five German verbs of success and failure
Authors:   Universiteit Gent, Joren Somers
Published: January 2024

The present study maps out the word order distributions in verb-second clauses of five German verbs of success and failure: gelingen ‘to succeed’, glücken ‘to succeed’, missglücken ‘to fail’, misslingen ‘to fail’, and missraten to fail’. Given their status as unaccusatives, they display an asymmetric mapping between case marking and thematic roles. As a consequence, several researchers have argued that they sanction an inversion of the canonical nominative-before-dative word order pattern. Two positions emerge: those scholars who associate these verbs with a dative-before-nominative order and those who claim that they license both a dative-before- nominative order as well as a nominative-before-dative order. A corpus study of 982 tokens principally shows the latter claim to be true in that, in a configuration with double NPs, the Nom-Dat order is attested 200 times (or 40%), and the Dat-Nom order 299 times (or 60%). Remarkably, when both arguments are realised as pronouns, the variation in word order is neutralised almost entirely in favour of the nominative-before-dative order.
Etiological Spectrum of Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Preschool Children: A One-Year Comprehensive Investigation Reveals a Predominance of Non-Organic Causes
Authors: Md. Atiqul Islam
Published: January 2024

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common concern affecting preschool children, impacting their daily activities. This one-year study, conducted from March 2017 to February 2018, aimed to explore the etiological spectrum of RAP in this age group, with a specific focus on differentiating between organic and non-organic causes. Methods: Eighty preschool children presenting with RAP were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive investigation included thorough interviews, physical examinations, and initial blood, urine, and stool evaluations. Additional diagnostic modalities, such as abdominal ultrasonography, radiography, and endoscopy, were employed. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics to categorize and understand the distribution of organic and non-organic causes. Results: Among the 80 preschool children investigated, 37.5% exhibited organic causes, with urinary tract infections (UTIs) being the most prevalent (20%), either alone or coexisting with other parasitic infections. Non-organic causes dominated, comprising 62.5% of cases. Psychosocial factors, including school phobia, sibling rivalry, and familial discord, were identified as significant contributors to RAP. Conclusion: This comprehensive one-year study reveals a notable predominance of non-organic causes of recurrent abdominal pain in preschool children. UTIs were the leading organic cause, while psychosocial factors emerged as significant influencers. These findings underscore the importance of considering both medical and psychosocial aspects in the evaluation and management of RAP in this age group. Further research and instrumental support are warranted to enhance our understanding and refine therapeutic approaches for preschool children with recurrent abdominal pain.
Deconvolution of Astronomical Images using Wiener Deconvolution: Mitigating Ground-Based Telescope Effects and Cosmic Noise
Authors: Vasudev Vishnu , M.V. Rajesh  , Sreekumar G.
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the deconvolution of astronomical images employing the Wiener deconvolution method to overcome the challenges posed by the ground-based telescope’s seeing effect and cosmic noise. Utilizing the Hubble Space Telescope, which is free from seeing effects, we intentionally introduce a simulated seeing effect through Airy Point Spread Function (PSF) convolution. Additionally, Gaussian noise is incorporated to emulate cosmic noise commonly encountered in astronomical observations. The proposed deconvolution method is validated using key metrics such as Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The Hubble Space Telescope’s unique characteristics, combined with the intentional introduction of seeing effects and cosmic noise, contribute to a comprehensive evaluation of the deconvolution process. Our results showcase the efficacy of the Wiener deconvolution method in enhancing the resolution of astronomical images affected by ground-based telescope limitations and cosmic noise. The validation metrics demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to restore details and improve the overall quality of astronomical imagery. This research offers valuable insights for astronomers and researchers seeking to optimize image processing techniques for enhanced astronomical observations and analyses.
Sign Language Recognition and Video Generation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Mathews Meera Treesa , Raphel Joyal , Shaju C Joseph , Varghese Steve Soney , Puthusserry Paul J
Published: January 2024

The proposed system aims to help normal people understand the communication of speech impaired individuals through hand gestures recognition and generating animation gestures. The system focuses on recognizing different hand gestures and converting them into information that is understandable by normal people. YOLOv8 model, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, is being employed in this system to detect and classify sign language gestures. Sign language video generation can act as a guide for anyone who is in the process of learning sign language, by providing them with expressive sign language videos using avatars that can translate the user inputs to sign language videos. CWASA Package and SiGML files are used for this process. The project contributes to the advancement of assistive technologies for the hearing-impaired community, offering innovative solutions for sign language recognition and video generation.
Inner product spaces and Fourier Series Approximation
Authors: Mathew Jill K.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to give the basic notions of the theory of Fourier Series in connection with Inner production spaces. The preliminary concepts and fundamentals of normed spaces, inner product spaces and the Fourier series are being discussed. The space of all periodic complex integrable functions forms an inner product space. Basic trigonometric functions Sin x and Cos x will form a basis for this linear space. A special emphasis is given in deriving the formulae for the Fourier coefficients. The convergence properties of Fourier series are also studied.
Feasibility Study on Removal of Contaminants using Organic Adsorbents from Industrial Waste Water
Authors: Aliyar Afnitha M , Shaji Akhalya , Joy U Carmala , Shilpa M P , Usha S.
Published: January 2024

Water is important for the survival of human beings. If water contains undesirable particles it will become unfit for our purposes and hence it is necessary to be removed. Water purification is the process of removing physical, chemical and biological contaminants from water. There are various methods in purification of water, but may not be economically feasible. Naturally available herbs have best anti-microbial property, which may restricts the growth of microorganisms and purify water at lower cost. The type of purification can be economically done for waste water from chemical industry. In this research study, the contaminants removal from chemical industry waste water is explored using natural organic adsorbents such as Neem leaf, Curry leaf, and Banana peel powder. These adsorbents are used to reduce pollutants such as oil and grease from the waste water. The purify level of waste water can be found out by conducting various experimental tests for different parameters. The obtained test results are then compared with initial test result to find out which all waste water characteristics had been changed by the use these low cost organic adsorbents.