bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between triglyceride glucose index and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with coronary heart disease — a RCSCD-TCM study in China
Authors: Li Zhu , Fan Xiang , Liu Yijia , Yu Lu , He Yuanyuan , Li Lin , Gao Shan , Chen Wei , Yang Rongrong , Yu Chunquan
Published: November 2023

Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index serves as a surrogate indicator of insulin resistance. However, there is limited evidence on the association between the TyG index and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods
The 62,794 CHD patients were included used to analyze the relationship between the TyG index and heart failure (HF) in CHD patients. Of these, 8,606 patients who underwent echocardiography were included to identify different types of HF, including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with intermediate-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HFpEF. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the TyG index and HFpEF in CHD patients. The relationship between the TyG index and HFpEF according to sex, age, blood lipids and blood pressure states were also assessed.
Results
A baseline analysis of CHD patients divided into four groups according to the tertile level of the TyG index showed that there were significant differences in related parameters between the groups. In the multi-adjusted modles, the TyG index was significantly associated with the risk of HFpEF (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.08–1.23). In addition, the TyG index of CHD patients was significantly associated with HFpEF in elderly (> 60 years old) patients (OR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.10–1.48), hypertension (OR:1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25) and dyslipidemia (OR:1.16; 95% CI: 1.08–1.23). The association between the TyG index and HFpEF was not affected by sex. And the association between the TyG index of female and HFpEF was (OR:1.21; 95% CI: 1.10–1.34), which was higher than that of male (OR:1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.21).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a significant association of the TyG index and HFpEF in CHD patients. In this study, the results show that the TyG index was independently associated with HFpEF in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elder patients (> 60 years old). In addition, the association between the TyG index and HFpEF in CHD patients was higher in female.
A new piracy-resistant DNN watermarkingmethod based on secret key and block-wise imagetransformations
Authors: He Shun , Li Chaorong , Wang Xingjie , Zeng Anping
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a new DNN watermarking method that can be usedfor copyright protection of DNN models. This method utilizes learnable blockwiseimage transformation techniques and a secret key to embed watermarkinto a DNN model. Additionally, the method utilizes a black-box watermarkingapproach that does not require a specific predefined training set or triggerset, allowing remote verification of model ownership. Therefore, this method canachieve copyright protection for DNN models by authentication methods for DNNmodels. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10 dataset show that this method ispiracy-resistant and allows the trained DNN models to maintain a high level ofaccuracy in image classification.In addition,the original watermark is not easilyoverwritten by a pirated watermark, showing robustness against fine-tuning andpruning attacks.
Using SHAP to analyze technical and tactical performance in table tennis based on hybrid Catboost-TPE with four-phase evaluation theory
Authors: Song Honglin , Li Yutao , Pan Pengyu , Zhang Zhenhang , Xue Feng , Fu Chenyi , Liu Tianbiao
Published: November 2023

This study adopted a novel algorithm, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), to analyze the table tennis matches based on a hybrid gradient boosting + categorical features-tree-structured parzen estimator (Catboost-TPE) with the four-phase evaluation theory. 110 singles’ matches (9536 rallies) were analyzed, and 59 elite male players’ winning rates from 2018 to 2022 were categorized into three levels (high, medium, low) by k-means cluster analysis. The results showed that Catboost-TPE has the best performance (MSE = 7.5e-05, MAE = 0.006, RMSE = 0.008, \({\text{R}}^{2}\)=0.99 and adjusted \({\text{R}}^{2}\)=0.989) among six hybrid machine learning algorithms. Using Catboost-TPE to calculate the SHAP value of each feature, the global interpretation and multiple local interpretations found that the performance of receive-attack and serve-attack phases have essential impacts on the winning probabilities in current matches. Besides, this study derived the mathematical equations for converting the scoring rate (SR), usage rate (UR) and technique effectiveness (TE) from the four-phase evaluation theory into the new three-phase evaluation theory to further deepen the theoretical and applied value of the four-phase evaluation theory used in this study. These results provided quantitative references to table tennis matches' characteristics and winning phases. These methods used in the study can be widely applied to other sports performance analyses, and the equations derived in this study are also instructive for relative sports.
Machine learning-based Algorithm Identifies Key Mitochondria-Related Genes in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Dai Longfei , Jiang Renao , Zhan Zhicheng , Zhang Liangliang , Qian Yuyang , Xu Xinjian , Yang Wenqi , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2023

Background In hepatocytes, mitochondrial dysfunction drives aberrant fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, promoting the occurrence and progression of NASH. Given the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the advancement of NASH, the identification of mitochondrial core genes within NASH may offer potential targets for NASH treatment. Methods According to 101 machine learning algorithms assembled from 10 different machine learning algorithms, mitochondrial core genes were identified in NASH patients. The relationship between mitochondrial core genes and inflammation, lipid metabolism, liver fibrosis, and immune infiltration was investigated. Results AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 were identified. A predictive model constructed using these three mitochondrial genes exhibited excellent diagnostic performance for NASH in the GEO cohorts. AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 were significantly upregulated in NASH, F3-F4 stage liver fibrosis patients, and NAFLD-HCC patients. The expression levels of AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory genes, lipid synthesis genes, liver fibrosis genes, NAS score, pro-inflammatory immune signatures, and M1 macrophage content. Conversely, they were significantly negatively correlated with fatty acid oxidation genes and M2 macrophage content. Moreover, the biological and mitochondrial pathways enriched when AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 were upregulated were related to NASH progression. NASH patients were further classified into Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Pro-inflammatory genes, lipid synthesis genes, liver fibrosis genes, NAS score, pro-inflammatory immune signatures, and M1 macrophage content were significantly upregulated in Cluster 1. Conversely, fatty acid oxidation genes and M2 macrophage content were significantly downregulated in Cluster 1. Conclusion AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 are associated with the severity of NASH. High expression of AKR1B10, TYMS, and TREM2 indicates a more severe condition in NASH patients.
WITHDRAWN: Hot Corrosion Evaluation of Cr 3 C 2 /8YSZ based Plasma Sprayed Coatings on SS316 in Na 2 SO 4 – V 2 O 5 Molten Salt Environment at 700 0 C
Authors: Maharajan S , Rex F Michael Thomas
Published: November 2023

Austenitic stainless steel used in power plants and chemical industries is susceptible to corrosion in high-temperature environments. The corrosion is accelerated in high-temperature applications due to chemical substances like sodium, sulphur, and vanadium. The current investigation involves the assessment of the hot corrosion performance of two distinct coatings, namely 8 wt. % Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) and chromium carbide (Cr3C2), which have been applied using air plasma spraying onto SS316. Coatings were analysed after being heated in the furnace for 50 hours at 7000C at 5 hours/cycle with a salt mixture of Na2SO4 − 60 wt.% of V2O5 (30 mg/cm2). Elemental analysis of the hot corroded specimen was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The findings indicate that the 8YSZ coating exhibited enhanced adherence to the substrate for the entire duration of the hot corrosion test. In contrast, it was observed that the Cr3C2 coating underwent total delamination subsequent to the fifth cycle of the hot corrosion test. Bare material shows a substantial degradation surface that peels off without substantial formation of strong surface adherence corrosion products.
A panorama to mine “bioactive X” against progressive deterioration of liver disease: from NAFLD to HCC
Authors: Oh Ki-Kwang , Yoon Sang-Jun , Eom Jung-A , Lee Kyeong Jin , Kwon Goo-Hyun , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki-Tae
Published: November 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is implicated in steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis (LC) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sequentially. Herein, our aim was to unravel the nuanced key components (compounds, and targets) to deter the progressive severity concerning hepatocellular diseases. We incorporated rigor bioinformatics and computational screening tools to decode effector(s) against NAFLD, NASH, LC, and HCC. The targets of the four hepatic-diseases were browsed by DisGeNET and OMIM, then, the intersecting targets were identified by Venn diagram. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed on STRING database with the aid of R program. The uppermost target(s) against NAFLD, NASH, LC, and HCC were filtered by degree centrality (DC), and betweenness centrality (BC) value. We utilized the Selleckchem (compound repository website) to retrieve the ligand(s) for the target(s), hereby, confirmed the affinity via molecular docking test (MDT), density functional theory (DFT), and toxicity prediction. The final targets (295) were identified by DisGeNET and OMIM, the core PPI networks comprised 26 nodes, and 248 edges with two key targets (INS, and IL6) in the highest 30% betweenness centrality (BC). The corresponding ligands of PDX1 (transcription factor of INS; one agonist), and IL6 (thirty-two antagonists) were identified by Selleckchem. Molecular docking test (MDT) revealed that PDX1- BRD7552 conformer (-12.1 kcal/mol), and IL6- Forsythoside B (-11.4 kcal/mol) conformer formed most stable complex. In parallel, DFT proposed that BRD7552, and Forsythoside B had significant chemical properties to react the targets, respectively. In conclusion, we decoded causatives of the progressive liver disease with web-based tools in drug repositioning theory. BRD7552 as PDX1 agonist, and Forsythoside B as IL6 antagonist were attributed to synergistic efficacy against NAFLD-derived HCC.
Improved DQN Algorithm for Path Planning of Autonomous Mobile Robots
Authors: Xu XinLi , Cao YunLong , Liu XinYu
Published: November 2023

Deep Q Network (DQN) plays a crucial role in path planning for autonomous mobile robots. The traditional DQN algorithm has problems such as slow convergence speed and being prone to falling into local optima in path planning tasks. To address these issues, this paper proposes an improved DQN algorithm for path planning of autonomous mobile robots. Firstly, the reward function is improved based on heading angle error and distance, and the DHD (distance- heading angle- direction) reward function is designed by combining the motion direction to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid local optima. Secondly, a weight-sampling learning strategy is designed to increase the utilization rate of training samples and expedite the algorithm's convergence speed. Finally, through comparative simulation experiments, it is verified that the improved DQN algorithm has better performance than traditional DQN and prioritized experience replay.
The study of the antibacterial efficacy and antioxidative activity mediated by exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide against Aeromonas caviae- an antibiotic-resistant organism
Authors: SAHITHYA P S , SINGH SHUBHI , SWAMINATHAN PRIYA
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat caused by widespread overuse of antibiotics. Bacteria with antibiotic resistance may acquire resistance genes from soil or water. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in bacteria confers antibiotic tolerance in many, suggesting a universal defence mechanism against antibiotics. In this study, we isolate soil-based antibiotic-resistant bacteria collected from contaminated areas. An antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified as non-endogenous-H2S producing, allowing us to examine the effect of exogenous H2S on its resistance mechanism. Therefore, we demonstrated that different classes of antibiotic resistance can be reverted by employing H2S with antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamicin. Methods like Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Flow Cytometer analysis were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of H2S with ampicillin and gentamicin. The antioxidative efficiency of H2S was evaluated using the DCFH-DA (ROS) test, as well as lipid peroxidation, and LDH activity. These were further confirmed with enzymatic and non-enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GST and GSH) antioxidant studies. These findings support H2S as antibiotic-potentiator, causing bacterial membrane damage, oxidative stress, and disrupting DNA and proteins. Thus, supplying exogenous H2S can be a good agent for reversal of Antibiotic resistance.
Archaeology meets Environmental Genomics: implementing sedaDNA in the study of the human past
Authors: Özdoğan Kadir Toykan , Gelabert Pere , Hammers Neeke , Altınışık N. Ezgi , Groot Arjen , Plets Gertjan
Published: November 2023

Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) has become one of the standard applications in the field of paleogenomics in recent years. It has been used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, detecting the presence of prehistoric species in the absence of macro remains and even investigating the evolutionary history of a few species. However, its application in archaeology has been limited and primarily focused on humans. This article argues that sedaDNA holds a significant potential in addressing key archaeological questions concerning the origins, lifestyles and environments of past human populations. Our aim is to facilitate the integration of sedaDNA into the standard workflows in archaeology as a transformative tool and thereby unleashing its full potential for studying the human past. Ultimately, we not only underscore the challenges inherent in the sedaDNA field but also provide a research agenda for essential enhancements needed for implementing sedaDNA into the standard workflows of archaeologists.
Cerebellum: Reinforcement Learning Robotic Arm Control System with Hardware Adaptability
Authors: Zhang Shizhuo , Fang Yue , Saini Sujata , Liu Jia , Wu Xibao
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a meta-learning and reinforcement-learning based control system ”Cerebellum” for robotic arms to address the issue of adapting to hardware parameter changes. By leveraging the con- cept of meta-learning, the system achieves adaptive control by learn- ing from few samples. Experimental results show our ”Cerebellum” reach 90.09% accuracy in a simulation environment with control- ling newly unseen robotic arm. However, challenges remain in hard- ware experiments due to image distortions and Mechanical collide issues. Further research is needed to overcome these challenges.
Implementing risk-based approaches to improve drinking water quality in small water supplies in the Nordic region – barriers and solutions
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Maria J. , Gardarsson Sigurdur M. , Eriksson Magnus , Albrechtsen Hans-Jörgen , Bergkvist Kim Steve Gerlach , Rossi Pekka M. , Matilainen Riikka , Hansen Lisbeth Truelstrup , Jensen Pernille Erland , Maréchal Judith Y. A. , Myrmel Mette , Kalheim Frida Celius , Persson Kenneth M. , Bjerkén August , Bartram Jamie
Published: November 2023

Small water supplies face similar problems worldwide, regardless of ownership or management type. Non-compliance with water quality regulations is more frequent in small supplies than in large ones, as are waterborne disease outbreaks. The new European Union Drinking Water Directive requires risk-based approach (RBA) to secure water safety as is recommended in the World Health Organization's Guidelines for drinking water quality through ‘water safety plans’. This is already in regulation in the Nordic countries, although less used in small supplies. In this research, we explore the challenges, barriers and possible solutions to implementing RBA and improving compliance in small supplies. This was achieved by conducting and analysing interviews with 53 stakeholders from all eight Nordic countries to produce recommendations for action by the different implicated actors. Our findings suggest the centrality of governmental policy, including support for continuous training, provision of simple RBA guidelines and increasing cooperation in the water sector. The Nordic experience reflects global challenges with small water supplies and the trend towards systematic preventive management epitomized in the framework for drinking water safety advocated by the World Health Organization since 2004.
Comparison of Cell-based and Nanoparticle-based Therapeutics in Treating
Atherosclerosis
Authors: Goh Wen Xi , Kok Yih Yih , Wong Chiew Yen
Published: November 2023

Today, cardiovascular diseases are among the biggest public health threats worldwide. Atherosclerosis,
a chronic inflammatory disease with complex aetiology and pathogenesis, predispose many of these
conditions, including the high mortality rate-causing ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Nevertheless, despite
the alarming prevalence and absolute death rate, established treatments for atherosclerosis are unsatisfactory
in terms of efficacy, safety, and patient acceptance. The rapid advancement of technologies in healthcare research
has paved new treatment approaches, namely cell-based and nanoparticle-based therapies, to overcome
the limitations of conventional therapeutics. This paper examines the different facets of each approach, discusses
their principles, strengths, and weaknesses, analyses the main targeted pathways and their contradictions,
provides insights on current trends as well as highlights any unique mechanisms taken in recent years to
combat the progression of atherosclerosis.
Crocin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy through Regulating Metabolism,
CYP4A11/PPARγ, and TGF-β/Smad Pathways in Mice
Authors: Chen Wei , Su Jinhao , Liu Yubin , Gao Tianmei , Ji Xiaohui , Li Hanzhou , Li Huajun , Wang Yuansong , Zhang Hui , Lv Shuquan
Published: November 2023

Introduction::

Crocin is one of the main components of Crocus sativus L. and can alleviate oxidative
stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the specific mechanism by which crocin treats
DN still needs to be further elucidated.

Method::

In the present study, a mouse model of DN was first established to investigate the therapeutic effect of
crocin on DN mice. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics techniques were used to analyze the mechanisms
of action of crocin in the treatment of DN. The effects of crocin on CYP4A11/PPARγ and TGF-β/Smad pathway
were also investigated.

Result::

Results showed that crocin exhibited significant therapeutic and anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative
effects on DN mice. In addition, the non-targeted metabolomics results indicated that crocin treatment affected
several metabolites in kidney. These metabolites were mainly associated with biotin metabolism, riboflavin metabolism,
and arachidonic acid metabolism. Furthermore, crocin treatment upregulated the decreased levels of
CYP4A11 and phosphorylated PPARγ, and reduced the increased levels of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2/3
in the kidneys of DN mice.

Conclusion::

In conclusion, our study validated the considerable therapeutic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative
impacts of crocin on DN mice. The mechanism of crocin treatment may be related to the regulation of
biotin riboflavin and arachidonic acid metabolism, the activation of CYP4A11/PPARγ pathway, and the inhibition
of TGF-β/Smad pathway in the kidney.
Imaging Characteristics and Pathological Analysis of Primary Hepatic
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Li Dan , He Yaqiong , Xie Gongxun , Mao Zhiqun , Liu Peng
Published: November 2023

Aims::

To investigate the radiological characteristics of the PHNENs on CT and MRI and improve the understanding of the image manifestations and preoperative diagnosis of the disease.

Background::

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PHNENs) are rare diseases, and most of the relevant studies are case reports. Characterized by no specific clinical symptoms, PHNENs not only have a low preoperative diagnosis rate with great difficulty in early diagnosis but are frequently misdiagnosed as primary hepatic cancer.

Objective::

15 PHNENs patients were enrolled, with 10 cases in the G2 stage and 5 cases in the G3 stage.

Methods::

The imaging and clinicopathological information of 15 patients pathologically diagnosed with PHNENs was retrospectively reviewed.

Results::

The average age of the patients enrolled was 46.14±18.24 years, and the average tumor size was 91.00±61.17 mm. 13 cases showed nodules or masses, 8 cases were located in the periphery of the liver, showing capsule depression and subcapsular effusion signs. CT enhanced scan showed heterogeneous and obvious enhancement in 9 arterial-phase cases , 2 cases in arterial and portal venous phases both saw mild enhancement; the enhancement degree of lesions in the G2 stage in arterial phase was significantly higher than that in the G3 stage. Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI was conducted on 3 cases, and scattered lesions with heterogeneous and slight hyperintensity were observed in the hepatobiliary-specific lesions. Image manifestations showed diffuse lesions in 2 cases, with heterogeneous enhancement in arterial phase and decreased enhancement in portal venous phase by the dynamic enhanced scan.

Conclusion::

Central scar, ccapsule depression, and peri-capsular fluid collections in hepatic masses in PHNENs were the imaging characteristics of PHNENs. The CT-enhanced scanning during the arterial phase may provide a certain reference for pathological grading (G2 and G3 grades). Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI is helpful for PHNENs diagnosis.
Karanjin, A Promising Bioactive Compound Possessing Anti-cancer Activity against
Experimental Model of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Kumar Gourav , Pandey Dev Mani , Ghosh Manik , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Gupta Rashmi , Tiwari Nishi Prakash , Mohd Siddique Usman , Vishwakrama Leena , Guleri Sunil Kant , Lal Uma Ranjan , Dubey Supriya
Published: November 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study is to isolate the Millettia pinnata (Karanj) leaf extract for pure compound
with anticancer properties and to study the molecular target of the isolates in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Background:

In our earlier research Millettia pinnata leaf extract has demonstrated potential anticancer activities.
Thus, in pursuit of the bioactive compounds, the most potential active extract from our previous study was purified.
Furthermore, the anticancer properties of the isolated compound karanjin was studied and aimed for apoptosis
and restraining growth

Methods:

A novel method was developed through column chromatography for isolation and purification of the
compound karanjin from leaf chloroform extract. The purified component was then characterised using FTIR,
mass spectrometry, and NMR. An MTT-based cytotoxicity assay was used to analyse cell cytotoxicity, whereas
fluorescence staining was used for apoptosis and reactive oxygen species inhibition quantification. Furthermore,
the real-time PCR assay was used to determine the molecular mechanism of action in cells causing cytotoxicity
induced by karanjin dosing

Results:

The anticancer activity of karanjin in A549 cell line exhibited prominent activity revealing IC50 value of
4.85 μM. Conferring the predicted molecular pathway study, karanjin restrains the proliferation of cancer cells
through apoptosis, which is controlled by extrinsic pathway proteins FAS/FADD/Caspases 8/3/9. Downregulation
of KRAS and dependent gene expression also stopped cell proliferation.

Conclusion:

Karanjin has been identified as a compound with potential effect in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Molecular mechanism for apoptosis and inhibition of reactive oxygen species induced through H2O2 were observed,
concluding karanjin have medicinal and antioxidant properties.
Research on the Inhibitory Effect of Doxorubicin-loaded Liposomes Targeting GFAP
for Glioma Cells
Authors: Li Qifeng , Xu Jiaming
Published: November 2023

Background:

Glioma is the most common and devastating brain tumor. In recent years, doxorubicin
(DOX) is one of the drugs used in the treatment of gliomas, but it has side effects and poor clinical outcomes.
Therefore, the delivery of drugs to the tumor site by targeted transport is a new approach to tumor treatment.

Objective:

This study focuses on the anti-tumor effects of GFAP-modified drug-carrying liposomes loaded with
DOX (GFAP-DOX-LPs) on gliomas.

Methods:

GFAP-DOX-LPs were prepared by solvent evaporation method. After characterization analysis of
GFAP-DOX-LPs, the encapsulation efficiency, the drug loading capacity and in vitro release performance were
determined. Then, the MTT method was used to investigate the cytotoxicity and proliferative behavior of U251
and U87 cell lines. After that, flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of the drug administration group
on tumor cell apoptosis. Eventually, the anti-tumor activity was tested in vivo.

Results:

The average particle size of GFAP-DOX-LPs was determined to be 116.3 ± 6.2 nm, and the average
potential was displayed as 22.8 ± 7.2 mv. Besides, the morphology of the particle indicated a spherical shape. The
encapsulation rate and drug loading were calculated and determined, which were 91.84 ± 0.41% and 9.27 ±
0.55%. In an acidic medium, the DOX release rate reached about 87%. GFAP-DOX-LPs could target glioma cells
with low cytotoxicity and inhibit glioma cell proliferation with high efficiency, resulting in promoting apoptosis.
The anti-tumor effect of GFAP-DOX-LPs was significantly enhanced. At the same time, the number of GFAPpositive
cells in tumor tissues was significantly lower after treatment. Therefore, the overall survival time could
be significantly prolonged.

Conclusion:

The prepared GFAP-DOX-LPs had good targeting and glioma cell inhibition ability. This demonstrated
the promising application of the prepared liposomes in tumor targeting, especially in the field of targeted
drug delivery for the treatment of brain tumor.
Formulation and In-vivo Characterization of 177Lu-tin-colloid as a
Radiosynovectomy Agent
Authors: Mercanoglu Guldem , Alcın Goksel , Ozturkmen Yusuf , Cermik Tevfik
Published: November 2023

Introduction::

Arthritis is an inflammatory disorder that affects one or more joints of
the body for various reasons, including autoimmune disorders, trauma, or infection. In many
cases, traditional long-term treatment with various drug combinations (NSAIDs, diseasemodifying
antirheumatic drugs, systemic corticosteroids, etc.) can provide relief, but many
joints require additional local treatment. Radiosynovectomy (RSV) is an alternative method to
current treatment options. Both the global supply shortage of 90Y in recent years and the increasing
use of 177Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals in the field of nuclear medicine have made it
possible to develop 177Lu-labeled microparticles and test them in small groups as RSV agents.
This study aimed to develop the 177Lu labeled tin colloid formulation and demonstrate its invivo
characterization.

Material and Methods::

Particle size, shape, and labelling efficiency of the four formulations
developed were determined. The formula with the highest labelling efficiency was selected for
further studies. The quality of the formulation was evaluated based on radionuclidic, radiochemical,
and microbial purity. In-vitro stability was evaluated by determining the labelling efficiency.
In-vitro stability was tested in PBS and synovial fluid. The biological characterization was
assessed using SPECT/CT after injecting the formulation into the normal knee joints of the rabbits.

Results::

Aggregated colloidal particles were spherical with a particle size of <5 μm. Labelling
efficiency and radiochemical purity were >95 and 97.65% (Rf=0.2), respectively. The
formulation was stable in vitro for up to 72 hours, both in PBS and synovial fluid. The formulation
was homogeneously distributed in the joint at 0 and 1 hour after injection, and radioactivity-
related involvement and inguinal lymph node involvement due to possible leakage were
not detected in the late period. No pyrogenic/allergic side effects were observed during this period.

Conclusion::

177Lu-tin-colloid was successfully prepared under optimized reaction conditions
with high binding efficiency and radiochemical purity. The radiolabeled colloid was found
to be stable in-vitro both in PBS and synovial fluid at room temperature. Serial PCET/CT
images revealed that the activity was completely retained within the synovial cavity, with
no activity leakage out of the joint until 48 hours after the injection. With the support of
the results from further clinical studies, it may be possible for the formulation to enter clinical
use.
Cancer-specific Nanomedicine Delivery Systems and the Role of the
Tumor Microenvironment: A Critical Linkage
Authors: Dutta Chakraborty Debarupa , Chakraborty Prithviraj
Published: November 2023

Background::

The tumour microenvironment (TME) affects tumour development in a crucial way. Infinite stromal cells and extracellular matrices located in the tumour form complex tissues. The mature TME of epithelial-derived tumours exhibits common features irrespective of the tumour's anatomical locale. TME cells are subjected to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, eliciting an extrinsic extracellular matrix (ECM) adjustment initiating responses by neighbouring stromal and immune cells (triggering angiogenesis and metastasis).

Objective::

This report delivers challenges associated with targeting the TME for therapeutic pur-poses, technological advancement attempts to enhance understanding of the TME, and debate on strategies for intervening in the pro-tumour microenvironment to boost curative benefits.

Conclusion::

Therapeutic targeting of TME has begun as an encouraging approach for cancer treatment owing to its imperative role in regulating tumour progression and modulating treatment response.
Entrepreneurship Education and Locus of Control: Their Influence on Students' Entrepreneurship Interest
Authors: Rozikin Achmad Zainul , Suyati Endang Sri
Published: November 2023

Abstract A person's interest in entrepreneurship can be influenced by internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include locus of control, while external factors include entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence locus of control and entrepreneurship education had on students' interest in entrepreneurship. The data for the three variables (entrepreneurship education, locus of control, and interest in entrepreneurship) were obtained by distributing questionnaires to the students. The population of this study was 287 students, while the sample was 167 students. The sampling technique used was random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that interest in entrepreneurship can be influenced by entrepreneurship education and locus of control partially or simultaneously, although the contribution of locus of control is greater than entrepreneurship education.Keywords:Entrepreneurship, Interest In Entrepreneurship, Locus Of Control, Entrepreneurship Education
Meta analyzing the ease of use of e-modules in learning
Authors: Putra Yogi Irdes , Fadli Radinal , Dahry Sundahry
Published: November 2023

Technological innovation in education is necessary to increase the quality of learning by utilizing specialized media. One of the efforts made by educators is to use e-modules in learning. E-modules are digital media containing text, video, audio, and animation, which are combined according to the learning needs of students/students. This research was conducted to describe the practicality of using e-modules for teachers/lecturers and students/students. In this study, ten articles were sampled regarding the use of e-modules. Based on the research results, it is known that the average practical value of using e-modules for teachers is 90.63 in the convenient category, while the average practical value of students is 87.09 in the applicable category. Based on the results of a review of the use of the developed e-module, it is included in the practical category so that the e-module can be used in learning activities.
Rehabilitation of Chronic Pain in Post-Critical Care Patients. A Narrative Review
Authors: Asimakopoulou Evanthia , Zavridis Periklis
Published: November 2023

Chronic pain in post-critical care patients is a multifaceted issue with profound implications for patient well-being and quality of life. This review aims to address the rehabilitation of patients who suffer from chronic pain following discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite growing awareness of the prevalence and impact of this condition, significant gaps in knowledge persist regarding the optimal rehabilitation strategies for these patients. To conduct this study, an extensive literature search was undertaken, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and observational studies in Medline, Scopus, and Cinahl databases, using specific keywords. Studies were identified based on their titles, abstracts, and those that met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion in this review, varying in methodology, assessment tool, assessment time, or follow-up. The findings of this review illuminate the existing gaps in knowledge by synthesizing evidence on the various rehabilitation approaches employed, their effectiveness, and the factors influencing patient outcomes. So far, healthcare professionals have targeted either pain treatment, finding an analgesic medication or the proper position/exercise, or pain management, helping the patient manage life despite the unrelieved pain. Conventional pain treatment or control has been replaced by pain rehabilitation, in which a biopsychosocial approach enables healthcare professionals to provide patients with the knowledge and skills to manage their pain and disability through personal multidimensional choices. Early rehabilitation programs, quick mobilization, and greater family participation should be encouraged. The strengths of this study lie in its thorough analysis of the available literature and the provision of valuable insights into the heterogeneous nature of chronic pain in post-critical care patients. However, limitations include the limited availability of high-quality randomized controlled trials in this domain. Overall, this review contributes to an improved understanding of rehabilitation strategies for chronic pain in post-critical care patients and underscores the need for further research to enhance patient care and outcomes.
Estimation of Combining Ability of Growth and Yield and Its
Components of Maize under Salicylic Acid Concentrations
Authors: Hamad Hadeel S. , Abdulhamed Zeyad A.
Published: November 2023

An experiment was carried out in the fields of Al-Hamidhyia research station -
College of Agriculture / Anbar University to study the concentrations of salicylic
acid (0, 200 and 400 mg L-1
) and fifteen genotypes (5 lines + 10 hybrids) of
maize using a randomized complete block design according to split plots arrangement at three replications, the main plots included spraying of salicylic acid
concentrations, while the subplots include maize genotypes (inbreds and hybrids)
in order to produce hybrids (superior) by introducing a group of inbreds and reciprocal hybrids of maize within half diallel reciprocal crosses program. The results showed that Zm 6inbred was significantly superior and gave the highest
general combining ability of grain yield (5.77 and 9.65) for both seasons due to
its superiority in the number of rows per ear and weight of 300 grains (0.27 and
1.48), respectively in the spring season, and early flowering in the autumn season.
Also, the spraying of salicylic acid at 400 mgL-1 was significantly superior in all
studied traits for both seasons, with non-significant differences with the spraying
of salicylic acid at 200 mgL-1
.The effect of hybrids' specific combining ability
(SCA) significantly affected the studied traits. The BK116×ABS6 hybrid had the
highest specific effect on the early female flowering (-2.76). In contrast, the
Zm6×BK104 hybrid with control treatment had the highest specific effect on the
weight of 300 grains and grain yield (13.84 and 50.12), respectively, in the spring
season, while the BK104×Inb27 hybrid with the spraying of salicylic acid at a
400 mgL-1
had the highest effect of the specific combining ability (72.11) in the
autumn season. We recommend spraying salicylic acid at 200 mg L-1
and using
superior inbreds and hybrids in general and specific combining ability in both
seasons.
Keywords: Inbred line, hybrid, SA, SCA, GCA.
Study Gene Expression of OXA-48and CTX-M-1 Genes Cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Baghdad hospitals
Authors: Mohammed AL-jubouri Sally S. , Moslim Shami AbdulMuhsin
Published: November 2023

Escherichia coli are a normal flora in the human. It is pathogenic in patients with immune system disorders and is the leading cause of enteritis, urinary tract infection, septicemia and other medical infections. E. coli is the most common cause of community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is responsible for >80% of all cases of UTI. These study samples were taken from Al-Karama Teaching Hospital and Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. This study aimed to determine the Minimum Inhibition concentration (MIC) of Ceftazidim. As well as comparing the effect of antibiotics and without antibiotics on beta-lactam genes (OXA-48 –CTXM-1) resistance to Cephalosporin where there is an overexpression of gene expression in the antibiotic between (125-64) µg/ml. Bacteria produce beta-lactam enzymes that break down the beta-lactam ring in the antibiotic, which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics. This mechanism is one of the mechanisms of resistance in bacteria. The presence of both genes increases the resistance of this species to Cephalosporin. The results of gene expression when treated with antibiotics for the OXA-48 gene in his sample were 1.4, and the highest value was 14.5, as well as for the CTX-M-1 gene, where the results ranged between the lowest value of 1.3 and the highest value of 7.3 when compared to the control samples, we notice an overexpression of gene. It was concluded that the resistance of E. coli to Ceftazidim was related to the genes blaOXA45 and CTXM-1, but the primary role may be due to blaOXA45. Keywords: Gene Expression, OXA-48 Gene, CTX-M-1 Gene, Cephalosporin, Escherichia coli.
The effect of COVID-19 infection on the white blood cell count and
lymphocyte proliferation activity at the early stage of the disease
Authors: Sadeg Ali , Arrak Abbas
Published: November 2023

Since the appearance of COVID-19 at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China,
and its prevalence in many countries, the symptoms of this disease extended from
respiratory problems to a wide range of symptoms associated with the invasion of
the virus to many organs and tissues in the body of patients. The white blood cells,
particularly T lymphocytes, are the main effectors in defense against viral infections. This study was performed to investigate the response of white blood cells to
the infection of SARS-COV-2 at the early stage of the disease. T cells decreased
in number in the circulation, but this decrease was not associated with an impairment of their activity. Moreover, stimulation of virus-infected T cells with nonspecific mitogen revealed increased cell proliferation. This study concluded that T
lymphocytes are highly activated during SARS-COV-2 infection, despite lymphopenia, at least at the early stages of the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, lymphocyte proliferation, mitotic index
Effect of purified killer toxin extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on some pathological microorganisms cause urinary tract infections
Authors: Habeb Al-Obaydi Aows , Nazar Mahmood Nibras , Alwan Baydaa
Published: November 2023

Ecological killer yeasts have had fewer studies than laboratory killer yeasts. The
killer yeasts are known for excreting killer toxins that kill susceptible microorganisms, such as killer toxin excreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sensitivity of
the isolates was studied by bacterial exposure to several antibiotics after being diagnosed by cultural and biochemical methods, as well as by using the Vitek2 system to confirm the diagnosis of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; the
most resistant isolates were selected in subsequent experiments. Purification steps
included the use of (NH4)2SO4 78-70% saturated solution and Sephacryl G-150,
giving one peak that was collected to give inhibition zones of 31, 28, 8.5, 85, 12,
24 mm diameter for E.coli, P.mirabilis, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus,
and C.albicans, respectively, with a 771.77% yield from the total protein 0.090
mg\ml of yeast crude extract. The well diffusion method was used to investigate
the inhibitory activity of the purified toxin. The results showed that the inhibitory
activity of purified toxin was increased after each purification step and differed in
its effect according to the type of microorganisms and that the isolate of E. coli
was the most sensitive in all experiments suffix.
Keywords: Killer toxins, Yeasts, Thin layer chromatography, Purification, Antimicrobial activity.
Community-Based Digital Contact Tracing of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Design and Implementation Study With Empirical COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Chi , Lin Ting-Yu , Yao Yu-Chin , Hsu Chen-Yang , Yang Chang-Jung , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Yeh Yen-Po
Published: November 2023

Background

Contact tracing for containing emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is resource intensive and requires digital transformation to enable timely decision-making.

Objective

This study demonstrates the design and implementation of digital contact tracing using multimodal health informatics to efficiently collect personal information and contain community outbreaks. The implementation of digital contact tracing was further illustrated by 3 empirical SARS-CoV-2 infection clusters.

Methods

The implementation in Changhua, Taiwan, served as a demonstration of the multisectoral informatics and connectivity between electronic health systems needed for digital contact tracing. The framework incorporates traditional travel, occupation, contact, and cluster approaches and a dynamic contact process enabled by digital technology. A centralized registry system, accessible only to authorized health personnel, ensures privacy and data security. The efficiency of the digital contact tracing system was evaluated through a field study in Changhua.

Results

The digital contact tracing system integrates the immigration registry, communicable disease report system, and national health records to provide real-time information about travel, occupation, contact, and clusters for potential contacts and to facilitate a timely assessment of the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The digitalized system allows for informed decision-making regarding quarantine, isolation, and treatment, with a focus on personal privacy. In the first cluster infection, the system monitored 665 contacts and isolated 4 (0.6%) cases; none of the contacts (0/665, 0%) were infected during quarantine. The estimated reproduction number of 0.92 suggests an effective containment strategy for preventing community-acquired outbreak. The system was also used in a cluster investigation involving foreign workers, where none of the 462 contacts (0/462, 0%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

By integrating the multisectoral database, the contact tracing process can be digitalized to provide the information required for risk assessment and decision-making in a timely manner to contain a community-acquired outbreak when facing the outbreak of emerging infectious disease.
Enriching Data Science and Health Care Education: Application and Impact of Synthetic Data Sets Through the Health Gym Project
Authors: Kuo Nicholas I-Hsien , Perez-Concha Oscar , Hanly Mark , Mnatzaganian Emmanuel , Hao Brandon , Di Sipio Marcus , Yu Guolin , Vanjara Jash , Valerie Ivy Cerelia , de Oliveira Costa Juliana , Churches Timothy , Lujic Sanja , Hegarty Jo , Jorm Louisa , Barbieri Sebastiano
Published: November 2023

Large-scale medical data sets are vital for hands-on education in health data science but are often inaccessible due to privacy concerns. Addressing this gap, we developed the Health Gym project, a free and open-source platform designed to generate synthetic health data sets applicable to various areas of data science education, including machine learning, data visualization, and traditional statistical models. Initially, we generated 3 synthetic data sets for sepsis, acute hypotension, and antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. This paper discusses the educational applications of Health Gym’s synthetic data sets. We illustrate this through their use in postgraduate health data science courses delivered by the University of New South Wales, Australia, and a Datathon event, involving academics, students, clinicians, and local health district professionals. We also include adaptable worked examples using our synthetic data sets, designed to enrich hands-on tutorial and workshop experiences. Although we highlight the potential of these data sets in advancing data science education and health care artificial intelligence, we also emphasize the need for continued research into the inherent limitations of synthetic data.