bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ballroom Refuses to Burn: Exploitation versus Community Education in Documentaries about Voguing and the Ballroom Community
Authors: Winsor Andie
Published: June 2023

Voguing and ballroom culture—unique forms of performance art which were incredibly important to the survival and artistic expression of LGBTQ+ Black and Latine communities during the height of the HIV/AIDS epidemic—have been captured and preserved in numerous documentaries. Building on a survey of the history of LGBTQ+ ballroom events and pageants in the United States, I then define the ballroom community as it is known today, discussing the inception of the community in the mid-twentieth century as a response to the racism faced by Black and Latine performers in the queer pagent competitions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the community. I then explore the practice of documenting this community, comparing explotive media such as the documentary Paris is Burning (1990), the television show Pose (2018), and music by Malcolm McLaren and Madonna to community-based, ethical media such as Tongues Untied (1989), Black Is…Black Ain’t (1995), and How Do I Look (2006), highlighting the key differences between these portrayals. Ultimately, I argue that community-based media is invaluable, countering the racism and queerphobia found in the more mainstream, exploitive examples with authentic portrayals of the ballroom communsity’s resilience and connectedness.
Prosecuting Excessive Pricing of Pharmaceuticals Under Competition Law
Authors: Abbott Frederick
Published: June 2023

Prosecution of pharmaceutical companies for excessive pricing of products under competition law is now a reality. As recently as a decade ago, such prosecutions were virtually nonexistent. That situation has changed dramatically as competition authorities in Europe and South Africa have pursued a significant number of such prosecutions and have levied substantial fines against the

investigated parties. While the United States has traditionally led in policing the pharmaceutical market against anticompetitive misconduct, in this specific arena it has fallen behind, principally because federal courts so far have refused to acknowledge excessive pricing as a cause of action under Section 2 of the Sherman Act.

In a succession of cases European competition authorities have demonstrated concretely the way in which excessive pricing prosecutions may be pursued. This article examines those cases in some detail showing the challenges that competition authorities have faced, and how they have gone about addressing them. The successes in Europe should help put to rest arguments regarding the difficulties in ascertaining how pharmaceutical products are priced, particularly for products no longer covered by patents or regulatory market exclusivity. The South African competition authority is undertaking its second major prosecution of excessive pricing of originator products. The ongoing case involves an essential anticancer medicine the pricing of which has deprived individuals in South Africa of life-saving treatment.

Methodologies for investigating and analyzing abusive pricing are being regularized. This is important because competition authorities around the world should be able to rely on generally accepted standards for pursuing misconduct. This article suggests doctrinal improvements in the form of per se baseline rules for establishing excess with respect to generics, and rule of reason balancing tests for assessing the fairness of pricing practices for originator products and generics not encompassed by per se rules. The continued evolution of excessive pricing doctrine does not depend on these improvements. More important is continuing legal, financial, and political support for the efforts of competition authorities in this area.

Patents, regulatory market exclusivity and other structural features insulate the pharmaceutical market from economic pressures that ordinarily create and recreate an equilibrium that protects consumers. For the pharmaceutical market, there must be a means to redress excessive prices in themselves. Competition law enforcement is an important tool for achieving that redress.
Prikaz:Salim Kadri Kerimi, Sudbinata na organizacijata Judžel – Sudskiot proces protiv Judželdžiite (Sudbina organizacije Judžel – Sudski proces protiv Judželdžija), Adeksam, Gostivar 2022, 370 str.
Authors:   Institute of National History, Skopje Ambassador of the Republic of North Macedonia in Montenegro, Ramčilović Zećir
Published: June 2023

Prikaz/Review: Salim Kadri Kerimi, Sudbinata na organizacijata Judžel – Sudskiot proces protiv Judželdžiite (Sudbina organizacije Judžel – Sudski proces protiv Judželdžija), Adeksam, Gostivar 2022, 370 str.
Izvještaj sa Naučnog projekta “HISTORIJSKI POGLEDI 2022”, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla, 18. i 19. novembar 2022. godine
Authors:   Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History of Tuzla, Jajčević Jasmin
Published: June 2023

Izvještaj sa Naučnog projekta “HISTORIJSKI POGLEDI 2022”, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla, 18. i 19. novembar 2022. godine // Conference Report from Scientific project “HISTORICAL VIEWS 2022”, Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Tuzla, November 18 and 19, 2022.
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF YOUNG SIRE BULLS DEPENDING ON THE GENOTYPE AND LIVE WEIGHT
Authors:   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Karpenia S.L. , Korobko A.V. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Yatsyna O.A. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: June 2023

It was found that at the age of 2-3 years, the maximum volume of ejaculate had bulls of the Blitz line 17013604 – 4.58 ml, which is 16.2% (p<0,01) more than the average for the herd and 18.3-63.6% higher than in bulls of other lines. There were no significant differences in sperm activity between bulls of all groups. The highest concentration of spermatozoa was in bulls of the Prelude line 392457, it exceeded the average value for the herd by 13.6% (p<0,001). According to the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, the same pattern was observed as in the volume of the ejaculate and the concentration of spermatozoa. More ejaculates per year were obtained from bulls with a live weight of 701 kg and more – 1797. From bulls of this group accumulated spermodosis – 266354 pcs. There was no marriage of spermodosis by survivability in producers with a live weight of 451-500 kg. The fertilizing ability of sperm in bulls with a live weight of 601-650 kg was 2.1–8.6 percentage points higher than in producers of other groups.
LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF THE INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE IN PIGS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ETIOTROPIC THERAPY OF GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY IN COMBINATION WITH SPECIES-SPECIFIC RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES AND WHEN VACCINATED AGAINST PCV-2
Authors:   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Strebkova V.V.
Published: June 2023

The study presents the data on the level of gene expression of the interleukin-6 (IL-6g) gene when administering the drugs Proautovak and Feronamine, based on recombinant interferons, to pigs with diarrheal syndrome against the background of etiotropic therapy; and to swine when vaccinated against porcine circovirus with the drug Circoflex. The analysis of the data obtained showed a decrease in the expression of the IL-6 gene when using the drugs Proautovak and Feronamine against the background of treatment with Quinocol. When vaccinating, the use of the drug Proautovak led to a decrease in the expression of the IL-6 gene, while the drug Feronamine had no effect.
STATE OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PREGNANT SOWS
Authors:   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Shakhov A.G. , Sashnina L.Yu. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Lazutina K.V. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Vladimirova Yu.Yu. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Nikonenko G.V. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy
Published: June 2023

Under the conditions of the pig-breeding complex, the state of cellular immunity in sows during the fetal period of gestation was studied. With the onset of gestation (days 38-40), the animals showed a decrease in non-specific cellular protection, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of circulating active phagocytes, their absorption activity on days 38-40 of gestation, the functional reserve of cells on days 38-40 and 78-81 and suppression of T-cell immunity, manifested by a significant increase in the content of T-lymphocytes-suppressors, a decrease in the number of T-helper cells and the immunoregulatory index. With an increase in the gestation period in animals, the activation of cellular and humoral immunity associated with the body response to the introduction of antiviral vaccines was recorded, that was manifested by an increase in the count of T- and B-lymphocytes, T-helper cells, a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes-suppressors and an increase in the immunoregulatory index.
INDICATORS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION IN THE EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIOD WHEN USING THE DRUG PROAUTOVAK
Authors:   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Zimnikov V.I. , Cheskidova L.V. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Ermolova T.G. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy
Published: June 2023

The conducted studies found that the use of the drug Proautovak contributed to a more pronounced change in the indicators of the LPO-AOD system, so the concentration of MDA was by 28.8% lower, compared to the cows from the negative control group, IEI - by 18.7%, MWM - by 31.7%, NO - by 27.8%, with an increase in the content of vitamin A - by 50.0%, vitamin E - by 35.5% and vitamin C - by 32.8%, as well as catalase activity - by 27.5% and glutathione peroxidase - by 53.6% that indicated a decrease in the processes of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication and activation of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIGENIC ACTIVITY OF ATTENUATED VIRUS STRAINS USED IN THE DESIGN OF ANIMAL VACCINES
Authors:   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Krasochko P.A. , Yaromchik Y.P. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Krasochko I.A. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Krasochko P.P. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Mashero V.A. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Ponaskov M.A. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Pritychenko A.V. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kuchinsky M.P. ,   RUE Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine after S.N. Vyshelessky
Published: June 2023

The article presents materials on studies of the antigenic activity of virus strains – components of associated vaccines – on laboratory and target animals. It was found that attenuated strains of infectious rhinotracheitis viruses (IRT-VBF-VGAVM No. 404), diarrhea (VD-VBF-VGAVM No. 406), parainfluenza-3 (PG-VBF-VGAVM No. 403), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-VBF-VGAVM No. 405), rotavirus (RTV-VBF-VGAVM No. 401) and coronavirus (KV-VBF-VGAVM No. 407) are not reactogenic, and have shown a high antigenic activity, causing an active development of antiviral antibodies in both laboratory (mice) and agricultural (cattle) animals in sufficiently high titers, and they can be successfully used for the design of mono-and associated antiviral vaccines for the prevention of pneumoenteritis in calves.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL BLOOD STATUS IN COWS DURING THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS USING AN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG
Authors:   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Bolotova V.S. , Mikhalev V.I. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Sashnina L.Yu. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Chusova G.G. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Ermolova T.G. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy
Published: June 2023

The article presents the material on studying the morphobiochemical blood status of cows in the complex therapy of chronic endometritis. It has been established that the use of general stimulant (biostimulgin subcutaneously with a 48-hour interval at a dose of 25.0 ml/animal), symptomatic (uteroton three times with a 24-hour interval at a dose of 10.0 ml/animal) drugs and a new antimicrobial drug (intrauterine 1-2 times with a 24-hour interval at a dose of 20.0 ml/animal) is accompanied by the normalization of inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs, lipid metabolism, liver function, activation of the cellular and humoral link of nonspecific resistance of the organism, the antioxidant system, a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, predominance of anti-inflammatory processes over pro-inflammatory ones.
Política pública de segurança na Paraíba: uma análise de seus resultados.
Authors:   , Souza Silva Eduardo
Published: June 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a dinâmica da violência homicida no Estado da Paraíba de 2000 a 2014, dando ênfase aos últimos quatro anos analisados e destacando as variáveis explicativas para o fenômeno. A pesquisa se divide em três partes: A primeira conta com uma revisão da literatura que aborda a violência no âmbito nacional; A segunda contextualiza e caracteriza a violência no Estado, realizando o cruzamento de dados a exemplo dos índices socioeconômicos; E o terceiro e último capítulo foca no diagnóstico da política pública supracitada, buscando identificar as ações de destaque realizadas no programa entre o período de 2011 a 2014. Para isso, foi utilizado o método quantitativo com análises descritivas de dados e testes de estatística simples para medir o nível de inferência sobre as hipóteses criadas no estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram: 1. O perfil da vítima e do homicida são semelhantes; 2. Quanto maior é o nível de instrução educacional do indivíduo, menor é a probabilidade da inserção à criminalidade; 3. As condições sociais melhoraram enquanto o panorama da violência aumentou no Estado; 4. Quatro anos antes do Paraíba Unida Pela Paz, os números de homicídios absolutos cresceram mais de 64 % e quatro anos após esses números decaíram 18%; 5. O número de crescente de apreensão por armas de fogo demonstrou forte correlação no combate a violência homicida; 6. A população carcerária está concentrada principalmente em indivíduos que cometeram crimes contra o patrimônio.
The Adoption of Strategies to Reduce Deforestation from Tobacco Production: A Case of Smallholder Farmers in Headlands Area of Makoni District
Authors: N. Brenda , J. Newettie
Published: June 2023

Smallholder tobacco farmers in Zimbabwe have not yet fully adopted the strategies to reduce deforestation as recommended by tobacco contracting companies and government agencies such as the Tobacco Industry and Marketing Board (TIMB), Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe (FCZ) and Environmental Management Agency (EMA). The majority of them continue to use wood fuel for curing, leading to high rates of deforestation. This study focused on assessing the factors influencing the adoption of strategies to reduce the rate of deforestation from tobacco production, including gum plantations and coal for tobacco curing in the Makoni district's Headlands area. The target population was tobacco farmers in the study area, and the sample size was 320. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the factors that were significant in influencing farmers to adopt were the farmer's age, farming experience, agricultural training, education level and occupation. The study recommends that government agencies, including the FCZ, enforce the implementation of afforestation events like tree planting day across the country to help protect the environment from deforestation.
A Brief Review on Nanorobotics Applications in Medicine and Future Prospects
Authors: S. Patel Sanjay , N. Patel Poojan
Published: June 2023

Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer. These devices are ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale. Due to their small size and wide functional properties, nanorobots have created exceptional prospects in medical, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices. Nanorobots are capable of performing task like actuating, sensing, signalling, information processing and intelligence at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology promises futuristic applications such as microscopic robots that assemble other machines or travel inside the body to deliver drugs or do microsurgery. Nanorobots could carry and deliver large amounts of anti-cancer drugs into cancerous cells without harming healthy cells, reducing the side effects related to current therapies like damage of the conventional chemotherapy. They are well used to cure HIV, cancer and other harmful diseases; they can restore lost tissue at the cellular level, useful for monitoring, diagnosing and fighting sickness. A recent discovery in the field of drug delivery is target therapy, which improves the diagnostic tests and medical devices.
SUPAC- Post Approval Changes suggested by FDA to Industry
Authors: Chowdhary Yogita , Kumar Babita
Published: June 2023

Scale-up, process validation, and technology transfer are conducted at the late phase of product development. However, the performance of these steps is largely dependent on the product composition and process selected in the early phase of development. The technology chosen at an early developmental stage and employed in manufacturing the bio-batch stays with it during its life. During this early phase, the development scientist must consider the future demand of the product in selecting the process and equipment. In reviewing a manufacturing process, it is important to consider the physico- chemical properties of the drug and excipients along with equipment capabilities and limitations. Involvement of production personnel in the manufacturing of a batch prior to the bio-batch often helps in the develop- ment of a robust process. All equipment should be quali¢ed for installation, operation, and performance prior to the bio-batch. The equipment should be cleaned and tested as per a cleaning validation protocol. The bio-batch should be evaluated for process performance as per a process validation protocol. All operational documents and test results generated from the bio-batch must be reviewed prior to initiating further scale-up and=or technology transfer. A team effort among formulation, validation, production, analytical, and logistic support groups is crucial to the success of scale-up and technology transfer.
An Overview on Quality by Design
Authors: D. Patil Harshal , B Patil Chandrabhan , V. Patil Vikas , S. Patil Pankaj
Published: June 2023

Quality by Design (QbD) has as a new concept for the development of high-quality pharmaceutical products. It is an essential component of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality. QbD is the best way to build quality into all pharmaceutical products, but it poses a significant challenge to the pharmaceutical industry, whose processes are time-bound, despite inherent process and material variability. Throughout the design and development of a product, it is critical to define the desired product performance profile [Target Product Profile (TPP), Target Product Quality Profile (TPQP)] and identify critical quality attributed to the product (CQA). Applications of QbD to pharmaceutical processes (formulation development) and analytical development are briefly discussed. A standardized pharmaceutical quality system that is applicable throughout the product's lifecycle and emphasizes an integrated approach to risk management and science should be developed, resulting in better quality medicines for patients.ICH documents such as ICH Q8, i.e. Pharmaceutical development; ICH Q9, i.e. Quality Risk Management; ICH Q10, i.e. Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, and FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) were referred to in order to ensure drug product quality. QbD allows formulation and manufacturing variables to be properly understood and controlled.
Protective effect of Rosinidin on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: C. Shimpi Gitanjalee , R. Patil Pushparaj
Published: June 2023

Rosinidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from Cyanidin. It is a pigment found in the flowers of Catharanthus roseus and, in lower concentration, in Primula rosea. The molecular docking studies predicted that rosinidin has adequate structural competency, making it a viable medicinal candidate for the treatment of a wide range of disorders. The current study intends to assess rosinidin nephroprotective efficacy against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. nephrptoxicity is most serious side effect. This toxicity caused by free radicals. This free radicals damage Renal Tubule which is overcome by Rosinidin. Materials and Methods: Oral acute toxicity tests of rosinidin were conducted to assess potential toxicity in animals, and it was shown to be safe. The nephroprotective effect of rosinidin 10, and 20 mg/kg were tested in rats for 25 days with concurrent administration of cisplatin. Several biochemical parameters were measured to support enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). Likewise, changes in several non-protein-nitrogenous components and blood chemistry parameters were made to support the theory linked with the pathogenesis of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: Cisplatin caused significant changes in biochemical, enzymatic, and blood chemistry, which rosinidin efficiently controlled. Conclusions: The present investigation linked rosinidin with nephroprotective efficacy in experimental models.
Drug Regulatory Affairs: Short Review
Authors: D. Chaudhari Dhananjay , R. Koli Mohit
Published: June 2023

Drug regulatory affairs are an important part of the pharmaceutical industry. As usual The pharmaceutical industry is growing very fast, and there is a need Regulatory affairs experts to meet current needs industry for global competition. Drug Regulatory Affairs Specialists are an important link between the pharmaceutical industry And regulatory agencies around the world. Drug product approval Should be an important step to ensure that the process is safe and effective Drug. Central Narcotics Control Organization (CDSCO), India Decided to adopt the CTD format for the technical requirements for Registration of medicinal products for human use. Implementation CTD is expected to significantly reduce the time and resources required By industry to prepare applications for global registration. In this article Evolution of Drug Regulatory Issues, Roles and Relationships in the Pharmaceutical Industry to implement CTD guidelines to regulate and improve drug marketing industrial development
Economic Uncertainty and Investment of Korean Firms: A Empirical Study Employing Economic Policy Uncertainty Index of Korea, US and China
Authors:   The Northeast Asia Economic Association Of Korea, Oh Sehwan , Rho Sungho
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the effect of economic uncertainty on firm investment. 67,128 observations from 2006 to 2017 of 5,594 Korean firms from the Business Activity Survey and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices of Korea, the United States, and China are used as data. The long-term cointegration relationship between firm sales and capital stock is confirmed, and the hypothesis that economic uncertainty affects firm investment along with demand is verified through an error correction model. In particular, Korean firms with subsidiaries in the US and China are analyzed separately to investigate the effect of the US and Chinese EPU. According to the analysis, Korean firms show a short-term reduced response to irreversible investment, so that the coefficient of influence of the square term of the change in sales on the change in firm investment shows a positive coefficient (a convex type of firm investment response). In addition, economic uncertainty affects firm investment through interaction with sales change (the cautionary effect). In particular, the cautionary effect was more significant and clear when China’s economic uncertainty was taken as an independent variable.
Chapter 1: Water, ice, society, and ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: An introduction
Authors: Wester Philippus , Chaudhary Sunita , Maharjan Amina , Steiner Jakob F. , Chettri Nakul , Chettri Rachana , Jackson Miriam , Nepal Santosh , Wang Xiaoming
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides an introduction to the Water, ice, society, and ecosystems in the HKH (HI-WISE) assessment report. It provides an overview of the assessment scope and covers key concepts and frameworks used across the report. Chapter 1 explains the report’s significance, given the need for an updated assessment specifically focusing on cryosphere–hydrosphere–biosphere–society linkages in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The report systematically explores the ecological and social aspects of cryospheric change and the linkages with water resources, society, and ecosystems.
Chapter 5: Cryospheric change, adaptation, and sustainable development in the mountain societies of the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Authors: Maharjan Amina , McDowell Graham , Pandey Avash , Pasakhala Binaya , Shrestha Milan , Wang Xiaoming
Published: June 2023

Chapter 5 of the Water, ice, society, and ecosystems in the HKH (HI-WISE) assessment report presents the current state of knowledge regarding the impacts of cryospheric change on high mountain societies as well as observed adaptations to associated challenges and the contributions these responses make to sustainable mountain development. Cryospheric change is hitting already marginal and vulnerable mountain peoples hard, and the adverse effects are set to accelerate. Current adaptation approaches have been small-scale and incremental and insufficient to address future needs of communities. Population growth and infrastructure development have exposed communities to increased cryosphere-related hazards and future disasters will be costlier and deadlier.
‘Fully Diagnosed, Fully Stabilised and Fully Treated’: Succeeding in a Claim for a Disability Support Pension in Australia for Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Viglianti Karena
Published: June 2023

In 2019, Ms Natasha Thomson won an application for a disability support pension (DSP) under the Social Security Act 1991 (Cth) before the Australian Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT). Ms Thomson was taken to the AAT by the Department of Social Security when it appealed a decision of the AAT’s Social Services and Child Support Division. Ms Thomson is the only applicant with chronic pelvic pain and likely endometriosis that has succeeded in her claim for a DSP before the Tribunal since 2005. Endometriosis is an inﬂammatory condition characterised by endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus, which can result in pain and adhesions. It commonly grows on the pelvic organs and peritoneum but has been found in other parts of the body, such as the lungs, diaphragm, kidney and navel. There is no cure at present. Long-term management is required using medical and/or surgical treatment, both of which focus on alleviating symptoms. In this article, I consider the AAT’s determinations and set out what applicants, their legal representatives and their treating doctors can learn from the cases on applicants for a DSP with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain.
Atividades experimentais e simulações computacionais e o pensamento metacognitivo como recursos para o ensino de Física
Authors: Spessatto De Maman Andréia , Neide Italo Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Neste artigo é apresentada parte de uma pesquisa de uma tese de doutorado que teve como objetivo analisar indícios de pensamento metacognitivo de alunos de Engenharia, na disciplina de Física I, quando desafiados a solucionarem situações-problema em que podem fazer uso de material experimental ou de simulação computacional. Serão apresentadas as discussões realizadas sobre a utilização dos diferentes recursos para a solução das situações-problema propostas nos roteiros-guia e a evocação do pensamento metacognitivo. Os recursos são: materiais para a experimentação prática, links de acesso aos simuladores, materiais de aula, como anotações e resumos, acesso livre à internet e livros didáticos. A análise foi desenvolvida em cada uma das três intervenções didáticas realizadas. Infere-se que, quanto ao uso do recurso, o fato não está diretamente relacionado à quantidade que o sujeito utiliza ou qual, mas sim como ele se autorregula na busca pela solução da situação-problema. Outro resultado relevante é que a tomada de consciência metacognitiva é individual e pessoal e depende de experiências vividas anteriormente pelo indivíduo e, além da experimentação e da simulação, outros recursos podem ser potencializadores do pensamento metacognitivo, como por exemplo, as discussões em grupo.
Arqueologia espacial:
Authors: De Moura Cleberson Henrique , Martire Alex da Silva , Pina Amanda Daltro de Viveiros , Cafagne Tomás Partiti , Cruz Matheus Morais
Published: June 2023

Apresentamos aqui uma entrevista realizada com a Profa. Dra. Alice Gorman, da Flinders University em Adelaide (Austrália Meridional), pesquisadora de renome internacional no emergente campo de conhecimento da arqueologia espacial. A entrevistada tem se dedicado a pesquisas que envolvem a arqueologia e a gestão do patrimônio cultural no âmbito da exploração espacial, seus interesses de estudos são relacionados a detritos orbitais, locais de lançamento terrestre e pouso planetário, estações de rastreamento e antenas. Possui trabalhos publicados na National Geographic, Monocle e Archaeology. Além disso, trabalhou extensivamente na gestão do patrimônio indígena, prestando consultoria para a indústria de mineração, desenvolvimento urbano, departamentos governamentais e conselhos locais. Também é especialista em análise de ferramentas líticas e no uso aborígene de vidro de garrafa após a colonização europeia. É diretora do conselho da Space Industry Association of Australia. Em 2017, ganhou o Bragg UNSW Press Prize for Science Writing. Integra o Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies e é conselheira da Anthropological Society of South Australia.
dificuldades e embates para consolidação do catolicismo ultramontano, em Goiás, no início do século XX
Authors: Tavares Paulo Afonso
Published: June 2023

O artigo propõe analisar as dificuldades e embates enfrentadas pelas lideranças religiosas e representantes da Igreja Católica Romana para implantação da religiosidade oficial, denominada de catolicismo ultramontano. Uma das estratégicas utilizadas pelos religiosos foi a impressa, com o objetivo de combater a religiosidade popular dos fiéis goianos.
Periodontal Status of Tuberculosis patients - Inter linked with each other
Authors: Shahzad Ziaulhaq , Ahmad Farah , Danish Syed Hasan , Butt Shahid
Published: June 2023

Background: Evidence suggests periodontitis may contribute to the development and progression of respiratory illnesses. However, few studies currently look at the coexistence of periodontitis and tuberculosis. The current study investigates the relationship between periodontal health and tuberculosis. Aim: To assess various clinical dental parameters of periodontal health among patients with and without TB. Methods: The participants in the present case-control study were individuals who obtained informed permission forms to participate when they were patients in the outpatient dentistry department. The current study included 585 patients in total. Three hundred-one individuals with normal pulmonary function were added to the control group, whereas 284 patients with tuberculosis were added to the cases group. The diagnosis of the pulmonary conditions was confirmed using spirometry. Using SPSS software 21, we evaluated the demographics & clinical indicators such as plaque, different gingival parameters of periodontitis, Gingival bleeding, and gingival index (GI), and compared cases and controls. Results: The population comprised two hundred eighty-seven women (49.1%) and 298 men (50.9%). There was a significant association between tuberculosis and periodontitis, and it has been observed that 159 (56%) tuberculosis patients had 6.23 (4.2 – 9.1) times higher effects on oral periodontitis issues (P<0.001*). Patients with gingivitis had a significantly higher number of bleeding, accounting for 241 (72.8), p<0.001. Practical implication: The study suggests that healthcare providers, particularly those involved in the treatment of TB, should consider incorporating oral health screening and assessment as part of the overall care for TB patients. This could help identify and address periodontal issues that may exist, hence dental professionals can play a role in the early detections of TB Conclusion: This study suggest that important relationship between TB and periodontitis. TB patients should be educated about the potential impact of their disease on periodontal health and encouraged to maintain regular dental visit and oral hygiene. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Periodontitis (PD), Gingival bleeding, and gingival index (GI)
Women admitted to Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar who are Breast Feeding their infants under 6 months age
Authors: Gul Mujtaba , Abbas Muhammad , . Razia , Ali Amjad , Ullah Zakir , . Sohaib
Published: June 2023

Background: A top objective for worldwide public health is exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. There is evidence that a number of factors, including women's claimed reasons for discontinuing nursing, are related to early termination of breastfeeding. Aim: To describe women's reported intentions to breastfeed and actual nursing patterns as well as to look at relationships between various parameters at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Methodology: This convergent design “to obtain different but complementary data on same topic” to best understand the research problem was conducted after ethical approval at lady reading hospital peads OPD & ward from June 2018 to June 2019. 129 feeding mothers were enrolled in the study. Educational history, employment and marital status, feeding position with knowledge, postpartum depression and medication history were noted. Result: Highest ratio of 151(69%) were seen in age <35. Primary level education 118(54%) were seen more than other parameters. Employment ratio was seen less in working mothers 87(40%). Highest ratio of not giving answer 19 was seen in store milk while same view for breast milk first food after delivery was same for all. 22 mothers responded same answer for water use. Depression was seen in 97 mothers while 89 were safe and 33 didn’t answer. Colostrum was given to 137 infants while hygienic care in washing hand was seen in 107(48%). Medication used for lactation was used by 40(18%) mothers. Practical implication of this study is to share maximum knowledge to the feeding mothers which will help socially in sharing the same in their homes and societies. The mothers and child health is basic foundation for their home, society and country. Conclusion: Hygienic care is important for both mother and infant. Education and help assistance is useful after first delivery. Post natal depression should be monitored and health care providers should give visits to all pre natal mothers for education and hygienic care guidance. Keywords: Breast feeding, infant, mothers, education, hygiene care, traditions and culture
Comparison of Injection Meglumine Antimoniate with a Combination of Injection Meglumine Antimoniate and Carbon Dioxide Fractional Ablative Laser in Treatment of Cutaneous Leshmaniasis
Authors: Jabin Ismat , Minhas Azhar Hosain , Yousaf Farrah , Syeda Hina , Irum Samra , Rafique Shamaila , Yasmeen Ghazala
Published: June 2023

Aim: To see the efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone in comparison with combination of meglumine antimoniate and CO2 ablative laser among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Study design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 9th July 2020 to 8th January 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients (30 in each group) diagnosed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis by skin biopsy or slit skin smear were enrolled. In group A; intramuscular injection of meglumine antimoniate (dose 20 mg/kg daily) was administered for 28 days and group B was treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate injection along with fractional C02 ablative laser. Standard digital photography was done before start of treatment and then every 2 weeks. Results: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone was observed in 60% of patients while it was 86.7% when combined with fractional CO2 ablative laser. Better outcome was observed when such patients were treated with both meglumine antimoniate and fractional CO2 laser. Efficacy was measured after 6 x weeks in all patients of both groups. Clinical Implication: Hence CO2 lasers are latest modality of treatment with minimal side effects and can be used in treatment of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate plus fractional CO2 laser found to be higher as compared to meglumine antimonate alone in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, CO2 fractional ablative laser, Meglumine antimoniate, Slit skin smear
The Influence of Age and Gender on the Esthetic Preference for the Shape of Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Ullah Hanif , Raees Farhan , Dil Maryam , Farooq Rozeena , Waqar Hanzala , Khan Muhammad Haseebullah
Published: June 2023

Background: An esthetic smile comes from various smile elements and requires knowing the complexities that control the equilibrium between teeth and soft tissues. In all dentistry areas, especially in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, restoring a natural dental appearance has gained a lot of importance. This study's results will lead us to the popular esthetic choices for forming anterior maxillary teeth among Khyber Pakhtunkhwa patients Aim: To determine the esthetic preference for the shape of maxillary anterior teeth. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Prosthodontics, Sardar Begum Dental College & Hospital, Peshawar from 17th July 2021 to 17th January 2022. Methodology: After taking the study's approval from the hospital ethical review committee board, 196 patients reporting to the Prosthodontics Department who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. Patients were shown photograph displaying only maxillary teeth having three primary forms of five distinct incisor varieties, i.e., square (S), oval (O), triangular (T), and the two different maxillary teeth form: tapered-ovoid (TO) and square- tapering (ST). Results: The frequency of esthetic preference, 55(28.1%) patients had square incisor ‘S’, 23(11.7%) patients had ovoid incisors ‘O’, 44(22.4%) had triangular incisors ‘T’, 34(17.3%) patients had square tapered ‘ST’ while 40(20.4%) patients had tapered ovoid ‘TO’ esthetic preference. Practical Implication: Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Conclusion: Female patients of younger age group were affected by their esthetic perception of the shapes of the maxillary anterior teeth as compared to the male patients of the same group and most of the patients had square incisor ‘S’ as their choice of esthetic preference. Key words: Esthetic smile, Esthetic preference, Maxillary anterior teeth
Frequency of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Anwar Bushra , Qureshi Amir , Shehzad Muazam Ali , Kazmi Syed Imran Ahmed , Bibi Ayesha
Published: June 2023

Background: People suffering from heart failure frequently face iron deficiency, which has been linked to higher mortality and more frequent hospital stays. People with symptomatic systolic heart failure and iron deficiency, iron supplementation significantly decreased the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and the combined endpoint of hospitalization for heart failure and mortality, Aim: This research sought to determine the prevalence of iron insufficiency in people with chronic heart failure. Design of the study: This study is cross-sectional. Place of the study: Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from November 2019 to April 2020. Methodology: After obtaining written informed permission, the research participants who met the inclusion criteria were chosen. Patients between the ages of 40 and 70, of either gender, were included in the research group if they had a documented history of CHF for less than six months and an echocardiogram showed an LVEF of less than 45%. Results: Mean age of the patients was 55.79±9.926, ranging from 40 to 70 years and the mean BMI was 29.03±5.043 ranging from 19 to 49kg/m2, mean serum ferritin level was 226.03±160.297 ranging from 70 to 500μg/L and mean transferrin saturation was 23.15±6.449 ranging from 15 to 38%. In the frequency of heart failure, patients of heart failure were 72(48%) and 78(52%) had no HF. In the frequency of iron deficiency, patients found with a deficiency were 82(54.7%) and 68(45.3%) had no deficiency. Practical Implication: Patients with heart failure should have routine iron deficiency screenings regardless of the presence of anaemia or abnormal RCI. In order to improve risk-based selection of participants who are frequently not at risk for iron deficiency Conclusion: Men with functional classes II–III were more likely to have iron deficiency anaemia (72% prevalence). Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Keywords: Iron deficiency, Heart failure, Anemia
Comparison of Adverse Maternal Outcome in Early Onset Versus Delayed Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Jehangir Saba , Salam Rohana , Akhtar Nasreen , Bashir Nimra , Akram Sara , Sabir Farzana , Saeed Shazia
Published: June 2023

Aim: To determine the association of adverse maternal outcome with early onset preeclampsia than delayed onset preeclampsia. Study Design: Cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur, AJK from 30th December 2020 to 29th June 2021. Methodology: A total of 60 (30 early onset pre-eclampsia and 30 delayed onset pre-eclampsia) females of age 18-40 years with parity <5, presenting at gestational age >24 weeks were included. Patients with chronic or gestational diabetes (BSR>186mg/dl), chronic hypertension (BP≥140/90mmHg), cardiac disease (on medical record), multiple gestation (on ultrasound), abnormal placenta (abruption, previa, accrete, increta, percreta on ultrasound) were excluded. Females were evaluated for eclampsia (BP>160/100mmHg along with convulsions), DIC, HELLP syndrome and avascular tubular necrosis by using blood samples and ultrasound findings. Results: The adverse maternal outcome i.e. eclampsia was recorded in 11 (36.67%) in exposed group (early onset pre-eclampsia) versus 04 (13.33%) in unexposed group (delayed onset pre-eclampsia) (p= 0.053; relative risk = 2.75), acute tubular necrosis was recorded in 05 (16.67%) in exposed group (early onset pre-eclampsia) while 00 (0.0%) in unexposed group (delayed onset pre-eclampsia) (p = 0.099; relative risk = 11.00), DIC was recorded in 03 (10.0%) versus 00 (0.0%) respectively (p= 0.192; relative risk = 7.00) and HELLP syndrome in 06 (20.0%) versus 00 (0.0%) respectively (p = 0.076; relative risk = 13.0). Practical Implication: We recommend that a proper protocol should be designed in these high risk patients for antenatal monitoring and proper management plans in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the mother and fetus. Conclusion: This study concluded that adverse maternal outcome is higher in early onset preeclampsia as compared to delayed onset preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Adverse Maternal Outcome, Eclampsia.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulphate Versus oral Nifedipine in Acute Tocolysis of Preterm Labour
Authors: Saleem Rukhsana , Akram Sara , Sabir Farzana , Salam Rohana , Akhtar Nasreen , Bashir Nimra , Saeed Shazia
Published: June 2023

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulphate and oral nifedipine in acute tocolysis of preterm labor. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur from 19th October 2019 to 18th April 2020. Methodology: This study included 178 pregnant women with singletons (18 to 40 years of age) assessed through ultrasonography and presented preterm labor. Pregnant women having fetal growth restriction, fetal death, severe preeclampsia, fetal distress, hyperthyroidism,any maternal contraindication for the use of tocolytic drugs, cardiovascular disease, abruptio placentae or placenta-previa were placed in the seclusion criteria of the study. In the group A, oral loading dose of nifedipine 20mg was given. While in group B, magnesium sulphate was injected intravenously with a loading dose of 4 grams over 15 minutes followed by maintenance dose of 2-3 grams/hr. All patients in both groups were evaluated by the researcher herself for prolongation of pregnancy at 48 hours after the start of treatment and efficacy and safety was noted. Results: Efficacy was seen in 80 (89.89%) in group A (Oral nifedipine) and 67 (75.28%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) with p0.019. Safety was seen in 72 (80.90%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) and 83 (93.26%) in group A (oral nifedipine) with p 0.014. Practical Implication: The administration of corticosteroids and also assist in reducing mortality and morbidity related with preterm labor events. Conclusion: This study concluded that oral nifedipine is efficacious and safe than magnesium sulphate for acute tocolysis of preterm labour. Keywords: Tocolytic Agents, Preterm Birth, Magnesium Sulphate.
Replacement of humans in the classroom by artificial Intelligence: A rhetoric
Authors: Etiubon Rebecca Ufonabasi , Etiubon Andikara
Published: June 2023

This study explores the probability if artificial intelligence can replace humans in the classroom. It identifies the limitations of artificial intelligence and the prevalence of human-level intelligence in education. Artificial intelligence is conceptualized and the research gaps in comparing artificial and human-level intelligence are identified. Comparative research method and explorative research design are adopted to guide this study. Secondary data is utilized with the use of a systematic desk research method and content analysis is used to explain the concepts and their relationship to each other. Three research objectives are used to assess human superiority to AI, identify limitations of AI and proffer measures to encourage collaboration between human-level and artificial intelligence. The study concludes and further provides recommendations necessary to support the relevance of human-level intelligence and AI in education.