bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software for CFD and heat transfer calculations in minichannels
Authors: Dadas Norbert , Piasecki Artur , Piasecka Magdalena
Published: July 2022

The paper focuses on CFD modelling and numerical simulation of heat transfer during fluid flow in minichannels. The data from the experiment were adopted into Simcenter Star-CCM+ software. The test section comprised seven or twenty-one parallel minichannels of rectangular cross sections. Each minichannel was 1 mm height. During the experimental series, the temperature measurements of the heated wall were recorded due to an infrared camera. Measurement data was compared with the results obtained from numerical calculations. Fluorinert FC-72 was used as a working fluid in experiments and simulations. An increase in the values of the heat transfer coefficient was observed for the test section with 21 minichannels compared to that with seven minichannels. Numerical simulations helped to identify how the change in the number of minichannels affects the intensification of heat transfer during flow without the timeand cost-consuming experimental tests
Misconceptions, Myths, and Mystery: A Cross-sectional Survey Study on Public Knowledge and Values of Microsurgery
Authors: Bustos Valeria P. , Xun Helen , McLarney Jane , Haddad Anthony , Hyland Colby J. , Nassar Amer H. , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T.
Published: July 2022

Background Microsurgery is a foundational plastic surgery principle. However, public unawareness of microsurgery and its associated rigorous training in the United States may contribute to current misconceptions and undervaluing of plastic and reconstructive surgeons. This study aims to characterize public knowledge of microsurgery.

Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2021 using Amazon Mechanical Turk to assess baseline public knowledge of microsurgery. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the association between baseline knowledge and demographic characteristics. Significance was set to a p < 0.05.

Results A total of 516 responses were analyzed. The mean age was 36.7 years (standard deviation, 16.04 years; white, 84%; non-Hispanic, 70%). Of those surveyed, 52% agreed that general surgeons perform microsurgery, while only 28% agreed that plastic and reconstructive surgeons perform microsurgery. When asked if head and neck reconstruction, breast reconstruction, and finger replantation required microsurgery, only 28, 41, and 41% of respondents agreed, respectively. When controlled for sociodemographic factors, Hispanics had significantly more odds to mistake that head and neck reconstruction did not require microsurgery (odds ratio [OR] 95% CI 0.49; 0.30–0.80; p = 0.004) and less odds to consider plastic and reconstructive surgeons for reconstruction (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.32–0.84; p = 0.008). Females had 1.63 more odds of considering plastic and reconstructive surgeons for reconstruction (95% CI 1.09–2.43; p = 0.017). Low-educated participants had significantly more odds to consider general surgeons as those who performed reconstructive microsurgery (OR 8.70; 95% CI 1.09–69.40; p = 0.041).

Conclusion Misconceptions of microsurgery as a foundational principle of plastic surgery persist and correlate with undervaluing the specialty. Knowledge differs by ethnicity, level of education, and gender. Therefore, patient counseling should use culturally appropriate elements to demystify microsurgery, build value, and better inform risks and benefits.
CLEC-2 Supports Platelet Aggregation in Mouse but not Human Blood at Arterial Shear
Authors: Bourne Joshua H. , Smith Christopher W. , Jooss Natalie J. , Di Ying , Brown Helena C. , Montague Samantha J. , Thomas Mark R. , Poulter Natalie S. , Rayes Julie , Watson Steve P.
Published: July 2022

C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is highly expressed on platelets and a subpopulation of myeloid cells, and is critical in lymphatic development. CLEC-2 has been shown to support thrombus formation at sites of inflammation, but to have a minor/negligible role in hemostasis. This identifies CLEC-2 as a promising therapeutic target in thromboinflammatory disorders, without hemostatic detriment. We utilized a GPIbα-Cre recombinase mouse for more restricted deletion of platelet-CLEC-2 than the previously used PF4-Cre mouse. clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice are born at a Mendelian ratio, with a mild reduction in platelet count, and present with reduced thrombus size post-FeCl3-induced thrombosis, compared to littermates. Antibody-mediated depletion of platelet count in C57BL/6 mice, to match clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice, revealed that the reduced thrombus size post-FeCl3-injury was due to the loss of CLEC-2, and not mild thrombocytopenia. Similarly, clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mouse blood replenished with CLEC-2-deficient platelets ex vivo to match littermates had reduced aggregate formation when perfused over collagen at arterial flow rates. In contrast, platelet-rich thrombi formed following perfusion of human blood under flow conditions over collagen types I or III, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflammatory endothelial cells were unaltered in the presence of CLEC-2-blocking antibody, AYP1, or recombinant CLEC-2-Fc. The reduction in platelet aggregation observed in clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice during arterial thrombosis is mediated by the loss of CLEC-2 on mouse platelets. In contrast, CLEC-2 does not support thrombus generation on collagen, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflamed endothelial cells in human at arterial shear.
Is Optimal Cytoreduction Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy the Only Prognostic Factor in Advanced Ovarian Cancer?
Authors: Dhiman Pravesh , Bapsy P.P. , Patil C.N. , Raghupathi Renu
Published: July 2022

Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. Approximately 70% of patients with EOC are diagnosed in advanced stage [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO stage III and IV)] with an expected 5-year survival rate of 30%. Numerous studies have shown that survival with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) is noninferior to primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods In this retroprospective observational study, 50 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, diagnosed from January 2012 to January 2015, were included and followed-up till January 2017. Correlation of NACT with patient profile, CA125 levels, clinicopathologic parameters, progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment response was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meir survival plots.

Results The extent of cytoreduction significantly correlated with PFS. The PFS was maximum in patients who had optimal cytoreduction (19 months) and 10 months in patients with suboptimal cytoreduction with p-value < 0.05. The survival was not significantly correlated with other parameters such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites.

Conclusions The extent of cytoreduction following NACT in this study was associated with statistically significant PFS advantage in patients who were able to undergo optimal cytoreduction, but not significantly correlated to other factors such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites. NACT followed by interval cytoreduction is an important modality affecting survival in advanced EOC. Further studies and longer follow-up are needed to demonstrate survival advantage over standard treatment.
The SWOT of Damocles: challenges in shaping inclusive place marketing audits
Authors: Giovanardi Massimo , Silvagni Maria Giulia , Barbini Francesco Maria
Published: July 2022

This paper extends existing research on inclusive place marketing by advancing methodological reflections on how to rework research instruments toward greater inclusivity. Our methodological reflections intend to encourage the dialogue between place marketing theory and practice, as well as reflections on the role that academic researchers take on while co-creating territorial development and promotion projects with a variety of non-academic stakeholders. This is done in the form of a self-reflective account of the multi-disciplinary tourism research team engaged in “RECOLOR” (Reviving and EnhanCing artwOrks and Landscapes Of the adRiatic). This is an INTERREG project funded by the European Commission that aims to enhance the tourist potential of secondary urban and natural resources in Croatia and Italy, with a view to generating sustainable development. Academics and consultants can replicate the research methods suggested in this paper when conducting participatory audits in other destinations.
Embodiment of concealable stigma disclosure through dynamics of movement and language
Authors: Douglas Hannah M. , Furst-Holloway Stacie , Chaudoir Stephanie R. , Richardson Michael J. , Kallen Rachel W.
Published: July 2022

A concealable stigmatised identity (CSI) is any identity that can be hidden but, if revealed, can be potentially socially devaluing (e.g., sexual minority). Those living with a CSI have opportunities to disclose their identities to friends and family members or within professional contexts. According to the disclosure processes model, people adopt either approach-oriented or avoidance-oriented goals when self disclosing. The current study sought to identify how antecedent goals and relationship context are embodied in the dynamics of unintentional behaviours during disclosure. Participants simulated a disclosure event to both close other and professional other targets and were primed with either approach or avoidance-motivations. Postural activity and language were analysed using detrended fluctuation analysis and recurrence quantification analysis. Results revealed that the movement dynamics of participants who were motivated by approach goals exhibited more complex and flexible behaviour compared to those who were motivated by avoidance goals. In addition, there was more recurrent word use towards close others compared to professional others. These results support the supposition of the disclosure processes model that approach-avoidance motivation impacts behaviour and sheds light on the functional differences between relationship contexts on a CSI disclosure experience.
Measuring Demagnetization Factors in Magnetic Nanostructure Assemblies
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: July 2022

Transverse susceptibility techniques shed significant new light on superparamagnetism.
Pyroelectric metamaterial millimeter-wave detector
Authors: Fan Kebin , Stenger Vincent , Padilla W. J.
Published: July 2022

We present experimental demonstration of a multi-functional metamaterial absorber, which operates as an efficient detector of millimeter wave radiation at room temperature. Intimate integration of a pyroelectric crystal directly within the metamaterial unit cell enables an efficient large area sensing element made up of repeating unit cells that are nearly ten times smaller than the operational wavelength. An un-amplified intrinsic responsivity of 3.90 V/W is demonstrated at 91.5 GHz, which is close to the peak of the spectral absorption at 97.8 GHz. Numerical full-wave electromagnetic simulations match well to experiments and clarify the underlying absorption mechanism, while thermal simulations permit optimization of the responsivity. The demonstrated results show that the monolithic pyroelectric metamaterial geometry well functions as a detector and represents an ideal device platform for realization of novel and compact room temperature millimeter wave sensing and imaging components.
Numerical investigation of centrifuge-trapping technique for generating gas–liquid flows in microchannels
Authors: Maghazeh Maryam , Pishbin Hossein , Navidbakhsh Mahdi , Pishbin Esmail
Published: July 2022

We have recently presented a novel approach (called the centrifuge-trapping method) based on a microfluidic structure for the generation of stratified flow and slug flow for biochemical applications based on centrifugal microfluidics. The technique relies on stratifying liquid into a spiral channel using centrifugal force and trapping bubbles between liquid plugs to form a slug flow. In this study, we comprehensively characterize the fluidic behavior of the system using a multiphase numerical model. The model is first validated by experiments and then used to evaluate the hydrodynamical effects of the system. Pressure fluctuation of the liquid plugs in the microchannel shows high stability of slug flow in rotational velocity ranging from 350 to 1000 RPM. The mixing efficiency of two liquids injected into the spiral channel is evaluated in generated stratified and slug flows. The results show that slug flow can be effectively utilized to enhance the mixing efficiency by more than 30% compared to single-phase or stratified flow. The formation of secondary flows into the liquid plugs is the main reason for elevated mixing.
Blade design considerations of small wind turbines: From classical to emerging bio-inspired profiles/shapes
Authors: Siram Ojing , Saha Ujjwal K. , Sahoo Niranjan
Published: July 2022

The utility of small wind turbines (SWTs) covering horizontal and vertical-axis types as off-grid, standalone, and decentralized energy supplement systems has gained market attention. Such turbines operate primarily at low Reynolds number (Re) and low tip speed ratio (λ) conditions. Under such circumstances, the design, development, and testing of SWTs have become a tedious task, mainly due to the lack of precise aerodynamic knowledge of SWTs. This article reviews the fundamental aspects of SWTs, including airfoil selection criteria, blade design, and aerodynamic improvement through passive flow control and augmentation techniques. It also reports several classes of potential airfoils that can be employed in the design of SWTs. The airfoils considered operate mainly in the range of Re = 0.3 × 105–3 × 105 and λ = 0.5–6. Aside from the classical approach, this article showcases the prospects of several bioinspired profiles/shapes that are meant for SWTs operating at low Re and λ conditions. Toward the end, various design constraints and applicability of SWTs are summarized.
Excitation and enhancement of wakefield by beating of two laser beams in a preformed plasma channel: An analytical study
Authors: Arefnia M. , Ghorbanalilu M. , Niknam A. R.
Published: July 2022

We investigate analytically the nonlinear interaction of two beating laser beams with plasma by considering electron density inhomogeneity in the axial and radial directions. We apply the fluid model coupled with Maxwell equations to obtain a nonlinear equation for studying the plasma wave. We solve this nonlinear equation using the hypergeometric and Airy functions and present the damping and outgoing wave solutions. Our results show that the longitudinal and transverse wakefields generated in the preformed density-ramped plasma channel are much stronger than the inhomogeneous plasma with density-ramped profile.
Unsteady stretching of a glass tube with internal channel pressurization
Authors: Ranathunga Gagani P. , Stokes Yvonne M. , Chen Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Mathematical modeling is used to examine the unsteady problem of heating and pulling an axisymmetric cylindrical glass tube with an over-pressure applied within the tube to form tapers with a near uniform bore and small wall thickness at the tip. To allow for the dependence of viscosity on temperature, a prescribed axially varying viscosity is assumed. Our motivation is the manufacture of emitter tips for mass spectrometry which provide a continuous fluid flow and do not become blocked. We demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of producing such emitters by this process and examine the influence of the process parameters, in particular the pulling force and over-pressure, on the geometry. There is not a unique force and over-pressure combination to achieve the desired geometry at the tip but smaller over-pressure (hence force) yields a more uniform bore over the entire length of the emitter than does a larger over-pressure (and force). However, the sensitivity of the geometry to small fluctuations in the parameters increases as the over-pressure decreases. The best parameters depend on the accuracy of the puller used to manufacture the tapers and the permissible tolerances on the geometry. The model has wider application to the manufacture of other devices.
Ferroelectric N-polar ScAlN/GaN heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Ding , Mondal Shubham , Mi Zetian
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate robust ferroelectricity in single-crystalline wurtzite phase N-polar ScAlN/GaN heterostructures grown on on-axis c-plane sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The exactly aligned crystallographic orientation among the ScAlN, GaN, and sapphire substrate has been confirmed using x-ray diffraction measurements. The nearly lattice-matched N-polar Sc0.21Al0.79N/GaN heterostructure shows a highly uniform coercive field (∼4.6 MV/cm at 10 kHz) and remnant polarization (∼90 μC/cm2) across the whole wafer. The reliability of N-polar Sc0.21Al0.79N/GaN ferroelectricity has been systemically characterized using retention and endurance tests. Both the coercive field and remnant polarization exhibit negligible degradation over 105 switching cycles, which is among the best reported for ferroelectric III-nitrides. This work offers a viable path for fully epitaxial heterogeneous integration of ferroelectricity into N-polar III-nitride heterostructures, which, together with the recent demonstration of fully epitaxial ferroelectric metal-polar ScAlN, will find important applications in next-generation high-power and high-frequency electronics, memory electronics, acoustic resonators and filters, optoelectronics, and integrated quantum photonics.
Energy extraction in the dynamic modes of flow for airfoil's laminar separation flutter
Authors: Huang Guangjing , Dai Yuting , Yang Chao
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to gain new insight into the physical mechanism of laminar separation flutter (LSF) from the perspective of energy transfer and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) modes of flow. An online DMD method accounting for the airfoil's pitch motion is developed, and the relationship between the topology of energy map and DMD modes is established. Simulation results indicate that there are two limit cycle branches in energy map, but only one branch is stable. The LSF time response state can be predicted accurately by the stable limit cycle branch. The topology of an energy map is dominated by the DMD mode corresponding to the airfoil's pitch frequency. The developed DMD method can extract the variation of flow structures effectively. The pressure distribution of DMD mode corresponding to the pitch frequency is dominated by the leading-edge suction and bubble's suction. The bubble's suction is induced by the trailing-edge laminar separation bubble or laminar separation bubble (LSB). When the pitch amplitude is larger than 4°, the trailing-edge laminar separation bubble transforms to LSB. The inherent mechanism is that increasing the trailing-edge separation bubble's intensity promotes the energy extraction while the occurrence of LSB mitigates it.
Bimorph electrothermal micro-gripper with large deformation, precise and rapid response, and low operating voltage
Authors: Hui Xusheng , Luo Jianjun , Wang Xinliang , Wang Rong , Sun Hao
Published: July 2022

Micro-grippers are highly desired in engineering, robotics, and biomedicine. However, on the basis of satisfying the requirements of miniaturization, precise manipulation, and low power consumption, the existing micro-grippers are difficult to achieve rapid response simultaneously. In this paper, we present a bimorph electrothermal micro-gripper that composed of several metal ultrathin films with high surface-to-volume ratios, allowing rapid heating and cooling processes. Patterns of these films are exquisitely designed so that the micro-gripper naturally forms an embedded circuit to optimize the current distribution. The micro-gripper can be precisely actuated under voltages below 2 V, while dramatically responding to pulse voltages up to 100 Hz. By interacting with a silica particle 96 times heavier than its weight, potential applications of the micro-gripper in robotics, organic tissue engineering, and interventional surgery can be shown. The advantage to be compatible with other semiconductor components ensures that the functions of the micro-gripper can be further expanded.
Si integration of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3:BiFeO3 nanocomposite thin films with strong exchange bias coupling
Authors: Tian Hongxia , Wang Guoliang , Wang Feng , Jiang Chengming , Huang Jijie
Published: July 2022

Integrating functional oxide-based nanocomposite thin films on Si wafer is a large step toward their applications in electronics and spintronics. Here, to overcome the large lattice mismatch and potential inter-diffusion between the complex oxides and Si, a set of buffer layers of SrRuO3 (SRO)/TiN have been applied. The La0.7Sr0.3MnO3:BiFeO3 system has been selected to grow on the SRO/TiN buffered Si, and the nanocomposite films exhibit highly textured growth along the c direction for both phases. The microstructure study shows a typical vertically aligned nanocomposite structure of the films, which is similar to the same films on single crystal oxide substrates. Furthermore, magnetic measurements indicate the strong ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic coupling in the nanocomposite system, which refers to the large exchange bias value HEB of ∼1800 Oe in the L0.5B0.5 sample under out-of-plane magnetic field. This work provides an effective approach for the Si integration of oxide-based nanocomposite thin films.
Can dingoes increase graziers’ profits and help maintain Australia’s rangelands?
Authors: Campbell G. , Emmott A. , Pollock D. , Traill B. J.
Published: July 2022

Australia’s largest land carnivore, the dingo, has been targeted by control programs in many agricultural landscapes since European settlement because of the judgement that dingoes cause costs to producers through the killing of livestock. As Australian pastoralists, we challenge the assumption that dingoes will only cause costs to producers. Based on our personal experiences and from research, we provide an alternative view, namely that in certain circumstances, there are major economic and ecological benefits of maintaining dingoes in grazing landscapes by controlling the unmanaged grazing pressure. As cattle producers, we have obtained significant financial gains for our family businesses, and environmental benefits on our properties by maintaining dingoes. Dingoes greatly reduce high-density populations of larger kangaroo species and some feral animals, especially goats. Such unmanaged grazing is persistently identified as a major factor in landscape degradation across large areas of Australian rangelands. The Australian pastoral industry as a whole, and the government departments that support it, need to evaluate, consider and discuss the economic and ecological benefits as well as the costs of maintaining dingoes in Australian pastoral landscapes.
Aging-associated and CD4 T-cell–dependent ectopic CXCL13 activation predisposes to anti–PD-1 therapy-induced adverse events
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirotake , Komohara Yoshihiro , Tomita Yusuke , Miura Yuji , Motoshima Takanobu , Imamura Kosuke , Kimura Toshiki , Ikeda Tokunori , Fujiwara Yukio , Yano Hiromu , Kamba Tomomi , Sakagami Takuro , Oshiumi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

Clinical success of immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) cancer immunotherapy is compromised by increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, mechanistic action(s) of immune responses underlying development of irAE remain not fully explored. Here, we found that in tumor-bearing aged, but not young, mice, antiprogrammed death receptor (PD)-1 therapy elicited irAE-like multiorgan dysfunctions with ectopic accumulation of T and B cells in damaged organs. In this preclinical model, the organ toxicities were mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition because administration of IG from ICB-treated aged mice induced the pathogenicity specifically in naïve aged hosts. Mechanistically, CD4 T-cell–derived interleukin (IL)-21 upregulated B-cell–homing chemokine, CXCL13, preferentially in irAE organs from aged mice treated with anti–PD-1 therapy. The ICB-induced pathogenicity was alleviated by B-cell depletion or by blockade of IL-21 or CXCL13 activity. These results suggest that age-associated immune regulatory milieu contributes to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure-like lymphocytic aggregates in irAE organs and irAE-related toxicity employing IL-21-CXCL13-auto-antibody axis. Supporting this, a systemic increase in CXCL13 and
Il21
expression in CD4 T cells correlated with irAE incidence in ICB-treated patients. These findings provide rationale for therapeutic usefulness of CXCL13 in irAE management.
Characterization of cyclic dust growth in a low-pressure, radio-frequency driven argon-hexamethyldisiloxane plasma
Authors: Donders T J M , Staps T J A , Beckers J
Published: July 2022

In a dusty plasma, nanometer-sized solid dust particles can be grown by the polymerization of plasma species from a reactive precursor gas. This type of plasma can be found in large-scale astrophysical objects, as well as in semiconductor manufacturing and material processing. In a laboratory environment, the plasma parameters can be carefully controlled and the dynamics of dust growth as well as the interaction between the plasma and the dust can be studied. In this work, we investigate the cyclic growth of dust particles in a low-pressure, radio-frequency driven argon-hexamethyldisiloxane plasma using a multitude of diagnostics in a time-synchronized fashion. The combination of microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy, plasma impedance measurements, laser light scattering, laser light extinction measurements and optical emission spectroscopy offers a broad view on the temporal behavior of the plasma in concert with the plasma-grown dust particles. We have studied the variation of several discharge parameters such as plasma power and hexamethyldisiloxane content. Therefore, this multi-diagnostic approach contributes to the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind dust growth in low-pressure plasmas.
Synergy effect of microwave annealing and high-pressure hydrogen annealing on Poly-Si thin-film transistor
Authors: Lee Sunhyeong , Lee Jongwon , Lee Junyoung , Lee Jaeduk , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: July 2022

Grain boundary (GB) is a significant factor that deteriorates the transfer characteristics of poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs). In this study, we utilized the synergistic effect of microwave annealing (MWA) and high-pressure hydrogen annealing (HPHA) to effectively reduce grain boundary trap (GBT) density, resulting in improved field-effect mobility (μ) and subthreshold swing (SS). To investigate the synergistic effect of MWA and HPHA, the transfer characteristics of rapid thermal annealing and forming gas annealing devices were compared and analyzed as control devices. Furthermore, the mechanism of SS and mobility enhancement can be quantitatively understood by lowering the GB barrier height. In addition, Raman spectroscopy proved that poly-Si crystallinity was improved during MWA. Our results showed that MWA and HPHA play a vital role in reducing GBT density and improving poly-Si TFT characteristics.
Gap sequences and Topological properties of Bedford–McMullen sets*
Authors: Liang Zhen , Miao Jun Jie , Ruan Huo-Jun
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the topological properties and the gap sequences of Bedford–McMullen sets. First, we introduce a topological condition, the component separation condition (CSC), and a geometric condition, the exponential rate condition (ERC). Then we prove that the CSC implies the ERC, and that both of them are sufficient conditions for obtaining the asymptotic estimate of gap sequences. We also explore topological properties of Bedford–McMullen sets and prove that all normal Bedford–McMullen sets with infinitely many connected components satisfy the CSC, from which we obtain the asymptotic estimate of the gap sequences of Bedford–McMullen sets without any restrictions. Finally, we apply our result to Lipschitz equivalence.
Damage detection in thick plate structures based on ultrasonic SH wave
Authors: Cui Hongyu , Li Ben , Zhou Li Bin , Liu Weiming
Published: July 2022

Thick plate structures are widely used in large deep-sea scientific detection equipment, such as deep-sea human-occupied vehicles, but they are prone to local damage caused by fatigue due to the complex working environment load. To prevent structural failure due to damage accumulation, it is necessary to carry out structural health monitoring for thick plate structures. In this work, two half-ring thickness poled d15 mode omnidirectional shear horizontal (SH) wave piezoelectric transducers are used to form an exciter/receiver network, and the SH2 mode wave packet is selected as the damage location wave packet. Then, the reconstruction algorithm for the probabilistic inspection of damage and an algorithm based on the time of guided wave flight are applied for damage detection in a 30 mm-thick aluminium plate. Experimental results show that structural damage detection based on SH waves can effectively identify and locate thick plate structural damage and evaluate the damage depth.
Study of long-term stability of Mo–Cu bilayer films
Authors: Wang Yeru , Wang Sifan , Ding Jiao , Chen Yanling , Cui Wei , Huang Rui , Li Chengzhe , Li Fajun , Liang Yajie , Jin Hai , Wang Guole , Zhang Yuning
Published: July 2022

Based on measurements over a period of more than 650 days, we investigated the long-term stability of superconducting Mo–Cu bilayer films in the laboratory environment. The samples are based on sputtered films, which were grown for fabricating transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays. The results show an increasing trend of their superconducting transition temperature (

T

c

) and transition width with time. There appears to be a turning point between 150 and 200 d, after which the rate of increasing becomes smaller. We suspect that oxidation occurred at the interface of the bilayer, through exposed edges, until the edges are fully oxidized. If proven, the slower rising trend would reflect the subsequent evolution of the bilayer films through, e.g. further oxidation of the interface, which might change

T

c

through the proximity effect. We quantified the proximity effect with our bilayer samples of different Cu-to-Mo thickness ratios. As a function of the thickness ratio, the measured

T

c

values are fitted well with the Martinis equation, provided that the transmission coefficient (between the layers) and

T

c
,
M
o

of the Mo layer are both allowed to vary. Based on the best-fit model, we found that a change of about 1% in the transmission coefficient would be sufficient to account for the slower variation in the bilayer transition temperature. We also noticed that the best-fit value of

T

c
,
M
o

is significantly higher than that measured for our bare Mo films. This could also be explained by surface oxidation of the Mo film samples. The implications of our results on TES-related applications are discussed.
Reinforcement learning of optimal active particle navigation
Authors: Nasiri Mahdi , Liebchen Benno
Published: July 2022

The development of self-propelled particles at the micro- and the nanoscale has sparked a huge potential for future applications in active matter physics, microsurgery, and targeted drug delivery. However, while the latter applications provoke the quest on how to optimally navigate towards a target, such as e.g. a cancer cell, there is still no simple way known to determine the optimal route in sufficiently complex environments. Here we develop a machine learning-based approach that allows us, for the first time, to determine the asymptotically optimal path of a self-propelled agent which can freely steer in complex environments. Our method hinges on policy gradient-based deep reinforcement learning techniques and, crucially, does not require any reward shaping or heuristics. The presented method provides a powerful alternative to current analytical methods to calculate optimal trajectories and opens a route towards a universal path planner for future intelligent active particles.
Frequency-amplitude correlation inducing first-order phase transition in coupled oscillators
Authors: Wang Jiangsheng , Gu Changgui , Ji Peng
Published: July 2022

The first-order phase transitions in coupled oscillators have been widely studied because of their discontinuity and irreversibility. In previous research, the designed coupling mechanisms between each pair of oscillators can cause the first-order phase transitions occur stably. In the present study, we propose a new mechanism which requires the existence of an inversely proportional relationship between the natural frequencies and the intrinsic amplitudes in the homogeneously coupled oscillators. Based on two classical oscillator models, i.e., the Poincaré model and the Stuart–Landau model, the emergence of explosive oscillation death is independent of the frequency distributions. Our findings indicate that the first-order phase transitions can be induced by the frequency-amplitude correlation for the first time. Therefore, it provides a novel perspective to understand explosive phenomena in coupled oscillators.
Low-frequency acoustic metasurface containing series-type resonators with curled necks
Authors: Chen Jung-San , Kuo Tzu-Huei , Lo Wen-Yang , Wang Cheng-Yi
Published: July 2022

This study presents a novel acoustic metasurface with a coplanar series-type Helmholtz resonator with curled necks. Using extended necks that are embedded in cavities enables one to significantly reduce the resonance frequency of the resonator. The sound absorption performance of this metasurface is investigated theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. The absorption band can be easily adjusted by altering the neck length and diameter. To achieve a wide frequency band with high absorption, two inhomogeneous units are arranged in parallel. Theoretical and finite-element predictions exhibit good agreement with the experimental measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed acoustic metasurface with subwavelength thickness is capable of effectively absorbing low-frequency sound.
The addition of Spirulina platensis extract in feed on gill histopathology and survival rate of Osphronemus gouramy after infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Satyantini W H , Agustono  , Arimbi  , Rahmawati W , Masithah E D
Published: July 2022

Prevention of disease in Osphronemus gouramy due to infection with A. hydrophila can be done by using immunostimulants, one of which is using Spirulina platensis extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of S. platensis extract on gill histopathology and survival rate of O. gourami after being infected with A. hydrophila. The fish were divided into three groups: fish without addition of S. platensis extract and infected with PBS (K-); without giving the S. platensis extract and infected with A. hydrophila (K+); and given extracts of S. platensis at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kgof feed and infected with A. hydrophila. The results showed the lowest value of gill damage was obtained in fish with the addition of 75 mg/kg of feed of S. platensis extract (1.22) and the highest damage was in K+ (2.67). The highest survival rate was found in the addition of 75 mg/kg of feed of S. platensis extract (91.67%) and the lowest was in K+ (70.83%). It can be concluded that the addition of S. platensis extract75 mg/kg of feed proved to be the most effective in reducing gill damage and increasing the survival rate of fish.
Expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in liver and kidney organ of silver rasbora (rasbora argyrotaenia) exposed by sublethal organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Fadilah A N , Sulmartiwi L , Lutfiyah L
Published: July 2022

Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) is a stress protein that can appear in all cell types. HSP70 test is useful as a biomarker (biological response marker) that can be used as a stress marker in fish. Liver and kidney tissue, including types of organs that play an important role in metabolic processes in fish, make it possible for these tissues to respond to the presence of HSP70. This research aims to determine the effect of sublethal exposure to organophosphate pesticides on the expression of HSP70 in the liver and kidneys organ of Silver Rasbora, and to determine the comparison of HSP70 expression between the liver and kidneys organ of Silver Rasbora that exposed to sublethal organophosphate pesticides. This research was conducted in November 2020 - February 2021 using a completely randomized design (RAK) method consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of a concentration of 0.001 ppm, 0.005 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.05 ppm and control treatment of 0 ppm. Silver Rasbora were acclimatized and maintained for 7 days and subjected to pesticide exposure treatment for the last 96 hours. The main parameters in this research were the expression of HSP70 in the liver and kidneys of Silver Rasbora and the supporting parameters observed were survival rate, temperature, pH, ammonia, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The main parameters were analyzed using the one-factor ANOVA test and Duncan's advanced test. Meanwhile, to determine the average difference between liver and fish kidneys, the independent sample T test was used. Supporting parameters were analyzed descriptively using tables and graphs. The results showed that exposure to sublethal organophosphate pesticides affected the appearance of HSP70 expression in the liver and kidneys of Silver Rasbora. The HSP70 value in both organs increased with increasing pesticide concentration. The liver organ has an average HSP70 value higher than that of the kidneys organ.
Trophic ecology and length-weight relationship of Hypoatherina temminckii (Bleeker, 1854) in the seagrass ecosystem of Semak Daun Island, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Simanjuntak C P H , Zahid A , Pratiwi P , Cahyani A G
Published: July 2022

Semak Daun Island is commonly used as a tourist destination site in the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park. Seagrass beds are found along the coast of this small island and have an essential role as shelter and feeding areas for various aquatic biotas, such as small-sized fishes of Samoan Silverside,Hypoatherina temminckii.Samoan silverside is usually used as bait in the tuna fishery. The present study aimed to determine growth pattern, diet composition, trophic level, guild, and feeding strategy of Samoan silverside in the seagrass ecosystem of the Semak Daun Island. Fish samples were captured using seine net monthly from February 2018 to March 2019. A total of 1,481H. temminckiiwere collected, and all were juvenile. Results indicate that juveniles of Samoan silverside feed mainly on zooplankton and shows specialist predator as its feeding strategy. Moreover, this species occupies trophic levels ranging from 3.00-3.99 and exhibits a positive allometric growth pattern. Thus, the current study confirms that the seagrass ecosystem of the Semak Daun Island is the nursery and feeding grounds for the juvenile of Samoan silverside.
Nutritional Fact of Traditional Cracker (Amplang and Getas) from Bangka Belitung
Authors: Basarah Arief Rubiana , Patmawati  , Amin Muhamad , Syarif Ahmad Fahrul , Hudatwi Mu’alimah , Andriyono Sapto
Published: July 2022

Kurau Village is one of the potential villages to become one of the centres of fishery production. These processed products are a mainstay that provides income for the fishing community of Kurau, apart from fresh fish products. The types of products that can be found at the Curve Barat souvenir centre are amplang and getas. This study, the purpose of this study was to determine the proximate content of food ingredients produced by fisheries in the form of amplang and brittle produced from community groups in Kurau Village, Central Bangka Regency Bangka Belitung. This information becomes essential in food products that must be included in the packaging of amplang and getas products. There are three amplang products (squid amplang, squid ink amplang, and crab egg amplang) and one shrimp getas tested proximately. The test results showed that all of these products only had a protein content range of 2.79-3.53%, fat 2.41-3.93%, and the highest proximate content was BETN (Nitrogen-Free Extract Material). Nevertheless, these snacks are MSE (Medium and Small Enterprises) products that can be a driver of economic activity in Kurau village. However, attention to the nutritional value conveyed on the packaging must continue to be developed to provide an understanding of the value of processed fishery products.
Analysis of causes of changes in conditions of vannamei shrimp hepatopancreas indicators at PT. Lombang Sumber Rejeki Sumenep
Authors: Setyastuti T A , Sukamto D , Fawwaz I E
Published: July 2022

Vannamei shrimp that are cultivated intensively require various steps to support the success of cultivation, one of which is observing the health condition of the shrimp. Shrimp health monitoring is carried out once every 10 days along with sampling activities. One of the parameters in shrimp health monitoring is a microscopic examination of the hepatopancreas using the wet preparation method. The indicators for determining the condition of the hepatopancreas organ that was observed microscopically were wrinkle, lipid, gregarine, necrosis, and microvilli whose results were expressed in percentage form. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of changes in the condition of the hepatopancreas indicator which has an important role in the health of vannamei shrimp. This research was conducted in intensive ponds of PT. Lombang Sumber Rejeki which is located in Lombang Village, Batang - Batang District, Sumenep Regency. Data processing is done using Regression analysis. The peak increase in increase in the percentage of wrinkles occurred at the 4th sampling or the 40th DOC. Wrinkles increased in intensive ponds were significantly affected by lipid, microvilli, and gregarine conditions. Lipid indicators in hepatopancreas were significantly influenced by the type and amount of feed-in shrimp. Vibrio population combined with the average daily feeding can significantly affect the gregarine population. The microvilli are affected by the incidence of necrosis in the hepatopancreas tubules, the cause of the necrosis is thought to be due to factors other than the Vibrio population in the hepatopancreas.
The use of kailan (Brassica oleracea L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) in the cultivation of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaponic system on blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels
Authors: Hairani D D , Dewi N N , Rahardja B S
Published: July 2022

In striped catfish cultivation water quality greatly affects the condition of fish. The use of an aquaponic system can improve the water quality, because the basic principle of aquaponics is to utilize fish waste and fish feed residues that are not consumed and it can be used as a nutrients for kailan, lettuce and pakcoy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the three plants can affect blood glucose levels and the level of oxygen consumption of catfish. The research method using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. At P0 are control (without plants), P1 (kailan), P2 (lettuce), and P3 (pakcoy). The main parameters observed were blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels. While the supporting parameters are measurement of temperature, DO, pH, plant measurements at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) on blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels in aquaponic system cultivation. The treatment that gave the best value for blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption was the use of lettuce plants (P2).
Zeylanicobdella arugamensis intensity and histopathology of hybrid grouper skin from soil and concrete ponds
Authors: Nisa M , Mahasri G , Subekti S
Published: July 2022

Z. arugamensis was a parasite that often infested hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus). This study aimed to differentiate the Z. arugamensis intensity and the skin histopathology of hybrid grouper from concrete and soil ponds. The research method was a survey and data analysis using the IBM SPSS 21 Mann Whitney U Test. This study used 50 of hybrid grouper each from soil and concrete ponds. The intensity of Z. arugamensis from soil ponds was significantly different p < 0.05 with concrete ponds. Z. arugamensis infestation from soil ponds were 13 individuals including the intensity of Z. arugamensis in the medium category of 6.69 individuals/fish. Z. arugamensis infestation from concrete ponds were 10 individuals, including the intensity of Z. arugamensis in the light category was 2.9 individuals/fish. The results of histopathological scoring of hybrid grouper skin from soil ponds were significantly different, p≤0.05 with concrete ponds. The results of skin histopathological scoring of hybrid grouper from soil ponds were 1.1 for 13 fish while from concrete ponds it was 0.5 for 10 fish. This study showed that there was a significant difference in the intensity of Z. arugamensis and skin histopathology of hybrid grouper from concrete and soil ponds.
Destruction level on coral reef in the Ambon bay
Authors: Pelasula D D , Manullang C Y , Patria M P , Wouthuyzen S , Lekallete J D , Malik S A
Published: July 2022

Ambon Bay is a part of Ambon Island located at the Eastern Indonesia. The bay has an area of 124.5 km2, and consists of a shallow inner bay and a deeper outer bay. Ambon bay has a complete tropical ecosystem of coral reef ecosystem, sea grass area and mangrove ecosystem including natural resources which associated to those three ecosystems. Monitoring result on coral ecosystem had been done for 33 years from 1986 – 2019 indicated the percentage of coral coverage were declined. On 1986, percentage coverage of live coral was on good category (coverage percentage of live coral >50%), but on the last 30 years shown declining. Percentage of live coral coverage is on very good category, and then turned to good category, then to amber until worst. Few location at Ambon Inner Bay (IAB) Halong and Kate Kate) even have no more coral reef now, live coral coverage is 0%. This is caused by sedimentation of land clearing at the higher level and solid trash. It is suggested to restore the coral reef ecosystem by transplantation technique and reduce the trash into the coral reef area.
The effect of differences extraction solutions on the gelatin characteristic fishbone of bader bang (Barbonymus balleroides)
Authors: Prasetya A Y , Triastuti J , Saputra E
Published: July 2022

Gelatin is a polypeptide derived from collagen in the skin and bones of mammals or fish. The utilization of bader bang especially bader bang fish bones as raw material for gelatin is still not widely found. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solutions on the characteristics of bader bang fish bone gelatin and to compare the characteristics of the bader bang fish bone gelatin produced with the standard. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD). The best results from the three treatments were found in the extraction of gelatin in the treatment NaOH 0,2% + H2SO4 0,2% The characteristics of water content, ash content, viscosity and gel strength complied with SNI 06-3735 and British Standard 757.