bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale experimental study on the failure mechanism of high-strength bolts under highly mineralized environment
Authors: He Zhe , Zhang Nong , Xie Zhengzheng , Wei Qun , Han Changliang , Guo Feng , Yin Yijun , Liu Yuxuan
Published: June 2024

High-strength bolts have become indispensable support materials in geotechnical engineering, but the incidence of safety accidents caused by bolt fractures under complex geological conditions is increasing. To address this challenge, this study focuses on a typical roadway in the Xinjulong coal mine, employing a combination of mechanical performance testing, microscopic and macroscopic analyses to investigate the failure mechanism of bolt breakage. The research indicates that the cracks in the failed bolts underground exhibit subcritical patterns, with the presence of oxides and Cl elements, and multiple intergranular fractures internally, consistent with the characteristics of stress corrosion failure. Additionally, inherent defects in the bolts are also a primary cause of failure. For instance, for type A bolts, the levels of P and S elements significantly exceed the normative requirements, forming inclusions, while the low content of elements like Si and V leads to reduced plasticity, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the excessive pitch in type A bolts leads to stress concentration and cracking under complex loads. The study concludes that the synergistic effect of stress corrosion cracking and inherent flaws in bolts are the main causes of failure. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance the reliability and safety of bolt support by optimizing the bolt shape and developing anti-corrosion bolts, thereby achieving long-term stability in underground engineering.
The we—sum of its parts or something else?
Authors: Hess Fabian M.
Published: June 2024

How could the idea of continuous identity be compatible with the fact that people live in social spheres (groups) which are subject to constant change? Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this article analyzes what is meant by social and collective identity in ordinary language, psychology, and philosophy. By comparing the ideas of the Social Identity Approach, Social Representations Theory, and Identity Process Theory with Vincent Descombes’ Puzzling Identities, a work in analytic philosophy, the article addresses the fundamental problem of how identity continuity could be possible despite social change. In particular, both the changing material composition of groups and the idea of identity formation in fluid meta-contrast comparisons prove to be major obstacles to continuity. It is discussed how these obstacles might be overcome by the social psychological notions of stable prototypes or representations as well as philosophical ideas of portraying collectives as legal persons, political agents, or general will.
Design of an academic document forgery detection system
Authors: Boonkrong Sirapat
Published: June 2024

Advances in digital technology and communication are reducing the popularity of physical or paper-based documents, particularly in the official academic field. Many academic institutions have shifted from paper-based academic documents to electronic formats. However, with the availability of document-editing and photo-editing software, an adversary can illegally modify original academic documents to suit their needs. Therefore, it is essential that receivers of these digital academic documents must verify the authenticity and detect the forgery of the documents. In this study, a cryptographic hash function, which is concerned with data integrity, is used to detect modifications of digital academic documents. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the correctness and speed of academic document verification. The proposed system was compared with other conventional methods such as digital signature-based, convolutional neural network, and blockchain-based methods. Our study shows that the proposed system can efficiently detect forged digital academic documents with 100% accuracy and a verification speed of 0.352 ms, which is considerably faster than the current digital signature-based, convolutional neural network and blockchain-based technologies. The proposed cryptographic hash function-based method provides another way to help detect forged academic documents.
PSA-Test und moderne Biomarker zur Detektion von Prostatakrebs
Authors: Elyan Anas , Mortezavi Ashkan
Published: June 2024

Auch nach mehr als 3 Dekaden ist der PSA-Test ungeschlagen in Sachen Kosteneffizienz als initialer Triagetest zur Früherkennung des Prostatakrebses. Überschreitet der PSA-Wert einen vordefinierten Grenzwert, haben die neuen Biomarker als Triggertest alle das Potenzial, die Anzahl der unnötigen MRT-Untersuchungen und Biopsien zu senken. Welcher Biomarker sich durchsetzt, ist davon abhängig, wie gut der Zugang zum Test ist (geografisch bedingt), wie belastbar die klinischen Studien sind (prospektiv, statistische Aussagekraft) und ob der Test auch im gewünschten Setting kalibriert ist (Screening vs. vor Biopsie). Der Stockholm3-Test erfüllt aktuell alle 3 Anforderungen für ein Screeningsetting, wobei zeitnahe auch Daten für den 4Kscore® erwartet werden.
Reflections on Simplicity and Complexity in Computational Neuroscience
Authors: Rajan Kanaka , Treves Alessandro , Gaudenzi Rocco
Published: June 2024

This double interview with two distinguished researchers in computational neuroscience, Kanaka Rajan and Alessandro Treves, aims to capture a part of their talks and discussions that emerged during a workshop on physical modelling of thought, held in Berlin in January 2023. The topic is the fascinating all-round intersection of physics and neuroscience through the perspectives of the interviewees. The dialogue traverses the complex terrain of modelling thought processes, shedding light on the trade-off between simplicity and complexity that defines the field of computational neuroscience. From the early days of physics-inspired brain models to the cutting-edge advancements in large language models, the interviewees share their journey, challenges, and insights into the modelling of physical and biological systems; they recount their experience with computational neuroscience, explore the impact of large language models on our understanding of human language and cognition, and speculate on the future directions of physics-inspired computational neuroscience, emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and a deeper integration of complexity and detail in modelling the brain and its functions.
A method for extracting aquatic animal disease prevention and control events integrated with capsule network
Authors: Sha Mingyang , Zhang Sijia , Fu Qingcai , An Zongshi , Li Zhenglin , Zhang Zhenglong
Published: June 2024

Addressing the issue of long-tail event entity recognition in aquatic animal disease prevention and control, this paper proposes an event extraction method that integrates capsule networks. The method designs two parallel networks: the first utilizes BERT + TextCNN to extract initial and local features from the text, while Multi-BiLSTM further captures multi-dimensional dependency information features. The second network employs capsule networks to extract local features and learns spatial semantic relationships among different event entities. The features extracted from both networks are then fused. Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves significant recognition performance on the aquatic animal disease prevention and control event dataset, with an F1 score of 75.83%, effectively addressing the challenge of long-tail event entity recognition.
Inflammatory Cells in Control and Prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament Tissue
Authors: Orlicky David J. , Smith E. Erin , Johnson Joshua , Hilton Ashley E. , Guess Marsha K. , Rascoff Lauren G. , Arruda Jaime S. , Hutchinson-Colas Juana A. , Yang Ivana , Connell Kathleen A.
Published: June 2024

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), a downward descent of the vagina and/or uterus through the vaginal canal, is a prevalent condition affecting up to 40% of women. Several risk factors of POP have been identified, including childbirth, connective tissue defects, and chronic intra-abdominal pressure; however, the underlying etiologies of POP development are not fully understood, leading to a high burden on patients and the healthcare systems. The uterosacral ligaments are key support structures of the uterus and upper vagina. Our previous work describes observed histopathological changes in uterosacral ligament (USL) tissue and demonstrates the presence of neutrophils in a subgroup of POP individuals. This presence of neutrophils prompted an examination for the presence of a broader spectrum of inflammatory cell types in the USL. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells outside of the vasculature. All 4 inflammatory cell types were increased in the POP-HQ system-defined POP-Inflammatory (POP-I) phenotype USL tissue relative to the USL tissues of control or other POP-HQ phenotypes. Focal T-lymphocyte and macrophage co-accumulations were observed in the arterial walls from some patients of the POP-vascular (POP-V) phenotype suggesting previous arterial injury. In addition, 1 control and 2 POP-V subjects’ USLs contained arterial wall foamy macrophages, evidence of atherosclerosis. These findings further support a complex etiology for POP and indicate that personalized approaches to preventing and treating the condition may be warranted.
A proposal to teach medical students how to use interpreters
Authors: Thomas Kyle , Jacobs Nicole , Lopez Vera Alexandra
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Medical interpreters are crucial to ensure fair and high-quality healthcare for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). Despite the need to use high-quality medical interpreters to communicate with LEP patients, medical schools often do not adequately educate their students on how to work with interpreters.

Aims

This study seeks to investigate the efficacy of using peer-assisted learning to teach medical students how to properly use medical interpreters. Moreover, the study strives to elucidate if an interactive peer-led model can be an effective teaching modality to train medical students about the basics of using medical interpreters.

Methods

A pre- and post-training design was utilized to investigate the efficacy of peer-assisted learning in teaching medical students how to use interpreters. Second year medical students led a two-part workshop consisting of the following: (1) a didactic training session and (2) a practical session where learners interacted with Spanish-speaking standardized patients through an interpreter. Pre-training and post-training responses to survey questions were analyzed to determine changes in student comfort, confidence, and knowledge of best practices when using a medical interpreter.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in comfort and confidence with using interpreters after receiving peer-assisted training.

Conclusions

A peer-led didactic training followed by an interactive training session can increase student comfort and confidence with using medical interpreters in clinical settings. Peer-assisted-learning may be an effective way to teach some of the best practices of using medical interpreters.
Cost analysis review of a patient navigator and fecal immunochemical testing on colorectal cancer screening in an underserved population
Authors: Fiske Hannah W. , Monteiro Joao Filipe G. , Hilliard Ross W. , Grisson Ricky , Holloway Marlaydis , Feliz Carrie Bridges , Rich Harlan
Published: June 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer screening is a critical preventative service and part of routine patient care, yet a substantial portion of the population fails to undergo recommended screening.

Aims

To investigate the impact and cost-effectiveness of a patient navigator on colorectal cancer screening via fecal immunochemical testing.

Methods

Design: retrospective analysis investigating structured outreach via a dedicated patient navigator. Location: Center for Primary Care, Rhode Island Hospital’s primary safety-net clinic for adult patients in Providence, Rhode Island. Timing: the study ran between 01/2017 and 12/2021, with the intervention introduced 01/2021.

Results

This study included 3542 patients. The intervention improved completion rates from 64.7 to 74.5% at 1 month (HR 1.12, 95%CI [1.003–1.243]), 73.7% to 90.1% at 3 months (1.28[1.156–1.410]), and 87.8 to 98.8% at 1 year (1.36 [1.239–1.498]). Overall, completion rates were improved by 38.5% (1.39[1.260–1.522]). Total cost of colorectal cancer screening per patient was decreased by $874.18 in the post-intervention group ($72.0 ± 383.3 vs. $946.1 ± 1873.5, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In this retrospective analysis, our targeted intervention improved fecal immunochemical testing kit return rates and significantly reduced screening costs. The addition of a dedicated patient navigator is critical to ensuring compliance with screening guidelines, particularly for deprived and/or medically underserved populations. Health care systems, insurance companies and payers, and state health departments should actively and consistently support this role, as it will allow fecal immunochemical testing to reach and risk-stratify more patients, increasing the yield of colonoscopy for detecting advanced neoplasia and cancer and subsequently reducing pressure on endoscopy centers.
More People, Fewer States
Authors: Taagepera Rein , Nemčok Miroslav
Published: June 2024

The long-term development of political systems over extended time periods has been somewhat neglected. More People, Fewer States examines world history through population explosion and empire size changes across 5000 years of socio-technological development, revealing three distinct phases: Runner, Rider, and Engineer empires. A careful comparative approach reveals that Old Egypt, Achaemenid, Caliphate, Mongol, and Britain each achieved remarkable yet rarely acknowledged expansions, leading to their successive record empire sizes. If identified past trends persist, a potential single world state could emerge by 4600, although environmental concerns may intervene. Focusing on population dynamics and area metrics of states, this book provides a novel framework for evaluating the growth, structure, and decline of empires. It not only illuminates ancient historical space but also ventures into future projections, making it an essential read for scholars interested in the long-term evolution of political systems.
The Importance of Accounting for Landscape Position When Investigating Grasslands: A Multidisciplinary Characterisation of a California Coastal Grassland
Authors: Rowley Mike C. , Falco Nicola , Pegoraro Elaine , Dafflon Baptiste , Gerlein‐Safdi Cynthia , Wu Yuxin , Castanha Cristina , Peña Jasquelin , Nico Peter S. , Torn Margaret S.
Published: June 2024

Grasslands are one of the most common land‐cover types, providing important ecosystem services globally, yet few studies have examined grassland critical‐zone functioning throughout hillslopes. This study characterised a coastal grassland over a small hillslope at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, using multidisciplinary techniques, combining remotely‐sensed, geophysical, plant, and soil measurements. Clustering techniques delineated the study area into four landscape zones, up‐, mid‐, and down‐slope, and a bordering riparian ecotone, which had distinct environmental properties that varied spatially across the site, with depth, and time. Soil moisture increased with depth and down slope towards a bordering riparian zone, and co‐varied with soil CO2 flux rates both spatially and temporally. This highlighted three distinct controls of soil moisture on soil respiration: CO2 fluxes were inhibited by high moisture content in the down‐slope during the wet winter months, and converged across landscape positions in the dry summer months, while also displaying post‐rain pulses. The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) ranged from 0.32 (September)–0.80 (April) and correlated positively with soil moisture and aboveground biomass, moving down slope. Yet, NDVI, aboveground biomass, and soil moisture were not correlated to soil organic carbon (SOC) content (0.4%–4.5%), which was highest in the mid‐slope. The SOC content may instead be linked to shifts in dominant grassland species and their rhizosphere properties with landscape position. This multidisciplinary characterisation highlighted significant heterogeneity in grassland properties with landscape position, and demonstrated an approach that could be used to characterise other critical‐zone environments on hillslopes.
Potential Relief for the Colorado River’s Near Future
Authors: Palmer Jane
Published: June 2024

A new study reveals that precipitation could boost the iconic river’s flow in the next couple of decades despite the deleterious effects of warming temperatures due to climate change.
In Memoriam of Editor Jennifer L. Gannon
Authors: Lugaz Noé , Knipp Delores , Morley Steven K. , Liu Huixin , Hapgood Mike , Carter Brett , Zou Shasha , Lei Jiuhou , Welling Dan
Published: June 2024

Dr. Jennifer Gannon passed away suddenly on 2024 May 2 in Greenbelt, MD. Dr. Gannon had served as an editor for the Space Weather journal since April 2019, and she was the longest‐serving editor on the current board, having started under the previous editor‐in‐chief, Dr. Delores Knipp.
Network-driven cancer cell avatars for combination discovery and biomarker identification for DNA damage response inhibitors
Authors: Papp Orsolya , Jordán Viktória , Hetey Szabolcs , Balázs Róbert , Kaszás Valér , Bartha Árpád , Ordasi Nóra N. , Kamp Sebestyén , Farkas Bálint , Mettetal Jerome , Dry Jonathan R. , Young Duncan , Sidders Ben , Bulusu Krishna C. , Veres Daniel V.
Published: June 2024

Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™. Integration of omics data with a curated signaling network enables the accurate and interpretable prediction of 66,348 combination-cell line pairs obtained from a large-scale combinatorial drug sensitivity screen of 684 combinations across 97 cancer cell lines (BAC = 0.62, AUC = 0.7). We highlight drug combination pairs that interact with DNA Damage Response pathways and are predicted to be synergistic, and deep network insight to identify biomarkers driving combination synergy. We demonstrate that the cancer cell ‘avatars’ capture the biological complexity of their in vitro counterparts, enabling the identification of pathway-level mechanisms of combination benefit to guide clinical translatability.
The impact of PD-1 inhibitors on prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TACE and lenvatinib: a retrospective study
Authors: Ding Zongren , Fang Guoxu , Tang Yanyan , Zeng Yongyi
Published: June 2024

Our aim was to explore whether programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors would improve the prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus lenvatinib. In this single-center retrospective study, patients with unresectable HCC who underwent TACE and were administered lenvatinib with or without PD-1 inhibitors were enrolled and divided into the TACE + lenvatinib group and TACE + lenvatinib + PD-1 group. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and tumor response were assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 5.0). In total, 35 eligible patients with unresectable HCC were included; 82.9% of patients had Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 88.6% of patients had liver cirrhosis. A total of 88.6% of patients had multiple tumors, and the median diameter of the largest tumor was 10.1 cm. A total of 14.3% of patients had extrahepatic metastasis, and 51.4% of patients had portal vein tumor thrombus. The percentages of BCLC stages A, B and C were 5.7%, 28.6% and 65.7%, respectively. There were 16 patients in the TACE + lenvatinib group and 19 patients in the TACE + lenvatinib + PD-1 group. The median follow-up time was 7.7 months (ranging from 1.7 to 31.6 months). Neither group reached the median overall survival. Under RECIST v1.1 criteria, the median PFS was 10.4 and 7.9 months in the TACE + lenvatinib and TACE + lenvatinib + PD-1 groups (HR, 1.13; 95% CI 0.45–2.84; p = 0.80), the objective response rates (ORR) were 31.3% and 31.6% (p > 0.05), and the disease control rates (DCR) were 93.8% and 78.9% (p > 0.05), respectively. Under mRECIST criteria, the median PFS was 10.4 and 10.1 months (HR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.38–2.54, p = 0.97), the ORR was 62.5% and 63.2% (p > 0.05), and the DCR was 93.8% and 73.7% (p > 0.05), respectively. Overall, AEs were relatively similar between the two groups. PD-1 inhibitors did not improve the PFS and tumor response of unresectable HCC treated with TACE plus lenvatinib. Hepatitis B infection, liver cirrhosis, portal vein tumor thrombus, multiple tumors and large tumor diameter may be potential factors that affect the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors but need further validation.
Complete chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic relationships of Pedicularis chinensis and Pedicularis kansuensis
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Xiuzhang , Tang Chuyu , Cao Zhengfei , He Hui , Ma Xiaoping , Li Yuling , De Kejia
Published: June 2024

The complete cp genomes of Pedicularis chinensis (GenBank accession number: OQ587614) and Pedicularis kansuensis (GenBank accession number: OQ587613) were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Their chloroplast (cp) genome lengths were 146,452 bp, and 146,852 bp, respectively; 120 and 116 genes were identified, comprising 75 and 72 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 and 36 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, for P. chinensis and P. kansuensis, respectively. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed that the repetitive sequences were mainly composed of mononucleotide repeats (A/T motif) and dinucleotide repeats (AT/TA motif). Comparative genomics identified several variant genes (rpl22, rps19, rpl12, ycf1, trnH, psbA, and ndhH) and variant regions (trnS-GGA, trnV-UAC, ndhJ-trnV, ycf4-cemA, ndhE-nhdG, and rpl32-trnL) with a high Pi, indicating the potential to serve as deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) barcodes for Pedicularis species identification. The results show that the cp genomes of P. chinensis and P. kansuensis were the same as those of other plants in Pedicularis, with different degrees of AT preference for codons. Large differences in the number of SSRs and the expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) region showed strong variability and interspecific differentiation between these two species and other species represented in the genus Pedicularis. A phylogenetic analysis showed that P. kansuensis had the closest relationship with P. oliveriana, and P. chinensis had the closest relationship with P. aschistorhyncha. These results will facilitate the study of the phylogenetic classification and interspecific evolution of Pedicularis plants.
Volume control strategy and patient survival in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial with secondary analysis
Authors: Park Cheol Ho , Koh Hee Byung , Lee Jin Hyeog , Jung Hui-Yun , Ha Joohyung , Kim Hyung Woo , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Kang Shin-Wook , Yoo Tae-Hyun
Published: June 2024

Optimal strategy for volume control and the clinical implication of achieved volume control are unknown in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the survival according to conventional or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-guided volume control strategy in patients with sepsis-associated AKI receiving CRRT. We also compared patient survival according to achieved volume accumulation rate ([cumulative fluid balance during 3 days × 100]/fluid overload measured by BIA at enrollment) as a post-hoc analysis. We randomly assigned patients to conventional volume control strategy (n = 39) or to BIA-guided volume control strategy (n = 34). There were no differences in 28-day mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.63–2.23) or 90-day mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.57–1.75) between conventional and BIA-guided volume control group. In the secondary analysis, achieved volume accumulation rate was significantly associated with patient survival. Compared with the achieved volume accumulation rate of ≤  − 50%, the HRs (95% CIs) for the risk of 90-day mortality were 1.21 (0.29–5.01), 0.55 (0.12–2.48), and 7.18 (1.58–32.51) in that of  − 50–0%, 1–50%, and > 50%, respectively. Hence, BIA-guided volume control in patients with sepsis-associated AKI receiving CRRT did not improve patient outcomes. In the secondary analysis, achieved volume accumulation rate was associated with patient survival.
Warm-up music and low-dose caffeine enhance the activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat in female taekwondo athletes
Authors: Delleli Slaheddine , Ouergui Ibrahim , Messaoudi Hamdi , Bridge Craig , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: June 2024

To assess the effects of warm-up music and low dose (3 mg·kg−1) of caffeine (CAF) on female taekwondo athlete’s activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, 16 female athletes participated in simulated combats under one control and 5 experimental conditions [i.e., CAF alone (CAF), placebo alone (PL), CAF with music (CAF + M), PL with music (PL + M), and no supplement with music (M)]. After warming-up, athletes rated their felt arousal (FAS). Mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate values were determined for each combat. After fighting, athletes rated their perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), FAS, and physical enjoyment (PACES). Time-motion and technical-tactical variables were analyzed. CAF + M induced shorter skip and pause time, while attack time increased compared to other conditions (p < 0.05). Moreover, CAF + M increased single attacks, combined attacks, counter-attacks (p < 0.001), and defensive actions (p < 0.05) than other conditions. HRmean and HRpeak were lower under CAF + M than other conditions (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher FAS post-combat, FS, and PACES were observed under CAF + M, while RPE was lower (except CAF condition) compared to the other conditions (p < 0.05.Using CAF with warm-up music may increase combat cadence and improve the psychological state in female athletes more effectively than either strategy alone.
RBC transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Dang Dan , Gu Xinyue , Jiang Siyuan , Li Wenli , Zhou Wenhao , Cao Yun , Lee Shoo Kim , Wu Hui , Zhou Jianguo ,   Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN),   Group Information of the Chinese Neonatal Network, Lee Shoo Kim , Chen Chao , Du Lizhong ,   Site principle investigators of the Chinese Neonatal Network, Chen Xiuyong , Zhang Huyan , Tian Xiuying , Shi Jingyun , Li Zhankui , Yang Chuanzhong , Liu Ling , Yang Zuming , Fu Jianhua , Ji Yong , Chen Dongmei , Yang Changyi , Chen Rui , Peng Xiaoming , Shan Ruobing , Han Shuping , Wu Hui , Wang Lili , Wei Qiufen , Li Mingxia , Dai Yiheng , Jiang Hong , Kang Wenqing , Gong Xiaohui , Zhong Xiaoyun , Shi Yuan , Jiang Shanyu , Sun Bing , Li Long , Lin Zhenlang , Liu Jiangqin , Pan Jiahua , Xia Hongping , Li Xiaoying , Xu Falin , Qiu Yinping , Ma Li , Yang Ling , He Xiaori , Li Yanhong , Zhuang Deyi , Zhang Qin , Dong Wenbin , Sun Jianhua , Liang Kun , Wang Huaiyan , Feng Jinxing , Chen Liping , Lin Xinzhu , Jiang Chunming , Nie Chuan , Zeng Linkong , Hei Mingyan , Zhu Hongdan , Mi Hongying , Yin Zhaoqing , Song Hongxia , Wang Hongyun , Li Dong , Gao Yan , Wang Yajuan , Dai Liying , Zhang Liyan , Li Yangfang , Zhang Qianshen , Ding Guofang , Wang Jimei , Chen Xiaoxia , Wang Zhen , Tang Zheng , Ma Xiaolu , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Xiaolan , Wu Fang , Chen Yanxiang , Wu Ying , Ting Joseph
Published: June 2024

The causal relationship between Packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains uncertain. This study aims to provide an exploration of transfusion and NEC in very preterm infants. Using data from the Chinese Neonatal Network cohort study between 2019 and 2021, the analysis focused on very preterm infants (with a birth weight of < 1500 g or a gestational age of < 32 weeks) who developed NEC after receiving transfusions. The time interval between the prior transfusion and NEC was analyzed. An uneven distribution of the time interval implies an association of transfusion and NEC. Additionally, multivariable logistic analysis was conducted to detect the prognosis of defined transfusion-associated NEC(TANEC). Of the 16,494 infants received RBC transfusions, NEC was noted in 1281 (7.7%) cases, including 409 occurred after transfusion. Notably, 36.4% (149/409) of post-transfusion NEC occurred within 2 days after transfusion. The time interval distribution showed a non-normal pattern (Shapiro–Wilk test, W = 0.513, P < 0.001), indicating a possible link between transfusion and NEC. TANEC was defined as NEC occurred within 2 days after transfusion. Infants with TANEC had a higher incidence of death (adjusted OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.64), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (adjusted OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.41 to 2.91) and late-onset sepsis (adjusted OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.37 to 3.09) compared with infants without NEC after transfusion. Unevenly high number of NEC cases after RBC transfusions implies transfusion is associated with NEC. TANEC is associated with a poor prognosis. Further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of TANEC.
GnRH agonist early follicular challenge test as a predictor of ovarian response in antagonist cycles for fertility preservation
Authors: Yerushalmi Gil M. , Avraham Sarit , Kedem Alon , Youngster Michal , Barkat Jonathan , Baruchin Ohad , Gat Itai , Yaakov Odelia , Gidoni Yariv , Hourvitz Ariel
Published: June 2024

The aim of our study was to evaluate if the response to follicular GnRH agonist (GnRHa) trigger be used to predict intracycle ovarian response in GnRH antagonist cycles among women undergoing fertility preservation IVF. We conducted a prospective study of 146 GnRH antagonist oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles to evaluate GnRHa stimulation test (GAST). On day 2 of the cycle, basal E2 were measured, followed by injection of 0.2 mg GnRHa as part of the initial ovarian stimulation. 12 h later blood sampling was repeated (GAST E3). E2 response was used as test parameter. The major outcome was the number of mature cryopreserved oocytes. We found a linear correlation between both GAST E3 level and GAST E3/E2 ratio and number of M2 oocytes. ROC curve analysis of GAST E3, GAST E3/E2 ratio, AFC and day 3 FSH for > 15 M2 and < 5 M2 oocytes was calculated. For GAST E3 levels obtaining < 5 M2 oocytes, an AUC value of 0.79 was found. For GAST E3 levels obtaining > 15 M2 oocytes, AUC value of 0.8. Patients with GAST E3 ≤ 384 pmol/l has 58.6% risk to obtain < 5 oocytes. Patients younger than 35 with GAST E3 > 708 pmol/l have 66% chance for freezing > 15 oocytes. The response to single GnRHa administration during GnRH antagonist cycle can be used as biomarker of ovarian reserve. This simple, widely available marker, which reflect the estradiol response of small follicles, might predict the response of the specific cycle, and can potentially be used to adjust the treatment dose.

Trial registration number: 0304-20-ASF.
Research on short-term photovoltaic power generation forecasting model based on multi-strategy improved squirrel search algorithm and support vector machine
Authors: Zhu Ruijin , Li Tingyu , Tang Bo
Published: June 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is susceptible to environmental factors, and redundant features can disrupt prediction accuracy. To achieve rapid and accurate online prediction, we propose a method that combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a multi-strategy improved Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA) to optimize Support Vector Machine (MISSA-SVM) for prediction. Initially, to mitigate the impact of redundant features on prediction accuracy, KPCA is employed for feature dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, SVM is suggested as the foundational algorithm for constructing the prediction model. Furthermore, to address the influence of hyperparameter selection on model performance, SSA is introduced for optimizing SVM hyperparameters, with the aim of establishing the optimal prediction model. Moreover, to enhance solution efficiency and accuracy, a multi-strategy approach termed MISSA is proposed, which integrates Population Initialization based on the Tent map, Nonlinear Predator Presence Probability, Chaotic-based Dynamic Opposition-based Learning, and Selection Strategy, to refine SSA. Finally, through case studies, the performance of MISSA optimization is assessed using challenging CEC2021 test functions, demonstrating its high optimization performance, stability, and significance. Subsequently, the performance of the prediction model is validated using two datasets, showcasing that the proposed prediction method achieves high accuracy and robust prediction stability.
Origin of electrochemical voltage range and voltage profile of insertion electrodes
Authors: Shahpouri Elham , Kalantarian Mohammad Mahdi
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates electrochemical voltage-range and voltage-profile regarding electrodes of insertion (intercalation) batteries. The phrase “voltage-range” expresses the difference between obtained maximum and minimum potential for the cells. It also can be called as operating voltage-range, working voltage-range, electrochemical voltage-range, or voltage window. This paper proposes a new notion regarding electron density of states, i.e. trans-band, which can be implemented to justify the voltage -range and -profile, by means of Fermi levels’ alignment. Voltage -range and -profile of a number of insertion electrode materials are clarified by the proposed theoretical approach, namely LiMn2O4, Li2Mn2O4, ZnMn2O4, LiFePO4, LiCoO2, Li2FeSiO4, LiFeSO4F, and TiS2. Moreover, the probable observed difference between charge and discharge profile is explained by the approach. The theoretical model/approach represents a number of important concepts, which can meet some scientific fields, e.g. electrochemistry, energy storage devices, solid state physics (DFT), and phase diagrams. By means of DFT calculations, this paper deals with quantizing the energy of electrochemical reactions, justifying the configuration of voltage-profile, and explaining the origin of the voltage-range. Accordance with the experimental observations suggests that this paper can extend boundary of quantum mechanics toward territories of classical thermodynamics, and boundary of the modern thermodynamics toward kinetics. Opening a new horizon in the related fields, this paper can help tuning, engineering, and predicting cell-voltage behavior.
Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in organic and conventional sugarcane systems
Authors: de Moura Jadson Belem , Ramos Maria Lucrécia Gerosa , de Freitas Konrad Maria Luiza , Saggin Júnior Orivaldo José , Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: June 2024

Organic production systems are increasingly gaining market share; however, there are still few studies on their influence on the activity of soil microorganisms in sugarcane. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, and their activity can be used as a parameter of comparison and quality between organic and conventional systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate mycorrhizal activity in different varieties of sugarcane under two production systems. This work was carried out in a commercial plantation of the Jalles Machado plant in the municipality of Goianésia in Goiás, Brazil. The values of spore density in the soil, mycorrhizal colonization rate in the roots and easily extractable glomalin were evaluated, and the associated fungal species were identified. There was no effect of sugarcane variety on the number of spores or the glomalin content in the soil. The conventional system presented significantly lower mycorrhizal colonization rates than did the organic system. The varieties cultivated under the conventional planting system showed a greater diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, where 12 of the 13 different species of mycorrhizal fungi found in both cultivation systems occurred.
The regionality and seasonality of tornado trends in the United States
Authors: Graber Matthew , Trapp Robert J. , Wang Zhuo
Published: June 2024

Continued efforts to build human resilience to the impacts of tornadoes require updated knowledge of tornado occurrences as well as how their occurrence characteristics may be changing in time and varying by region. We have temporally and geospatially disaggregated annual tornado reports in the United States and revealed that significant, long-term decreases in tornado days from 1960 to 2022 have occurred over the months of June through August, primarily within the Southern Great Plains. In contrast, long-term increases in days of tornado outbreaks have occurred over this period, particularly within the Southeast U.S. and during warm- as well as cool-season months. There are indications that these dichotomous linear trends in tornado days and tornado outbreaks have relaxed over the most recent decade. Our study highlights the need to better understand the role of internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcing in modulating tornado activity.
Influence of aerosol forcing on the seasonal march of East Asia summer monsoon
Authors: Guo Shutong , Wang Xiaoyan , Gui Xiaowen , Tan Yanke
Published: June 2024

Focusing on the anthropogenic aerosols effects on the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) progression, we found that aerosols delay the northward progression of EASM by one pentad in the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (PD1: pentads 25-35) and the North-Northeast China (PD3: pentads 38-42). However, aerosols have minimal impact on the seasonal march of EASM over the Yangtze-Huai River basin (PD2: pentads 36-37). In PD1 and PD3, aerosols reduce sea-land temperature differences. Also, a southward shift in the westerly jet causing lower-level north winds, which weakens the EASM in PD3. The delayed EASM progress shows its weakness in PD1 and PD3. While in PD2, EASM intensity weakens without affecting its northward progression. Aerosols, though affecting the position and intensity of Western Pacific Subtropical High, minimally influence its northward movement speed, hence no effect on the seasonal march of EASM in PD2.
The evolving roles of extracellular vesicles in embryo-maternal communication
Authors: Fazeli Alireza , Godakumara Kasun
Published: June 2024

Mammalian reproduction relies on precise maternal-fetal communication, wherein immune modifications foster tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic embryo. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have emerged as crucial mediators, transporting molecules like microRNAs securely. EVs influence various reproductive stages, from gamete maturation to implantation, and impact pathologies like pregnancy loss. In the embryo-maternal dialogue, EVs notably affect oviductal interactions, gene expression, and the embryo-endometrial interface, crucial for successful implantation. Key queries persist about EV uptake, cargo delivery, and the specific biomolecules driving communication. Their potential in diagnostics, therapeutics, and understanding environmental impacts on fertility signals an exciting future, reliant on collaborative efforts for transformative strides in reproductive health.
Geometric data analysis-based machine learning for two-dimensional perovskite design
Authors: Hu Chuan-Shen , Mayengbam Rishikanta , Wu Min-Chun , Xia Kelin , Sum Tze Chien
Published: June 2024

With extraordinarily high efficiency, low cost, and excellent stability, 2D perovskite has demonstrated a great potential to revolutionize photovoltaics technology. However, inefficient material structure representations have significantly hindered artificial intelligence (AI)-based perovskite design and discovery. Here we propose geometric data analysis (GDA)-based perovskite structure representation and featurization and combine them with learning models for 2D perovskite design. Both geometric properties and periodicity information of the material unit cell, are fully characterized by a series of 1D functions, i.e., density fingerprints (DFs), which are mathematically guaranteed to be invariant under different unit cell representations and stable to structure perturbations. Element-specific DFs, which are based on different site combinations and atom types, are combined with gradient boosting tree (GBT) model. It has been found that our GDA-based learning models can outperform all existing models, as far as we know, on the widely used new materials for solar energetics (NMSE) databank.
Multi-decadal climate variability and satellite biases have amplified model-observation discrepancies in tropical troposphere warming estimates
Authors: Chung Eui-Seok , Kim Seong-Joong , Sohn Byung-Ju , Noh Young-Chan , John Viju O.
Published: June 2024

Most coupled model simulations substantially overestimate tropical tropospheric warming trends over the satellite era, undermining the reliability of model-projected future climate change. Here we show that the model-observation discrepancy over the satellite era has arisen in large part from multi-decadal climate variability and residual biases in the satellite record. Analyses indicate that although the discrepancy is closely linked to multi-decadal variability in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, the overestimation remains over the satellite era in model simulations forced by observed time-varying sea surface temperatures with a La Niña-like pattern. Regarding moist thermodynamic processes governing tropical tropospheric warming, however, we find a broad model-observation consistency over a post-war period, suggesting that residual biases in the satellite record may contribute to model-observation discrepancy. These results underscore the importance of sustaining an accurate long-term observing system as well as constraining the model representation of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature change and variability.
A gamepad-like nucleic acid testing device for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 via visible nested recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Liu Ce , Lin Baobao , Yuan Guohua , Geng Zhi , Zhao Zhe , Wang Jiacheng , Shao Jingyu , Wang Zhenqi , Xu Yang , Yang Xujuan , Liu Chang , Feng Yingmei , Fan Xin , Wang Jing , Ren Lili , Xiao Yan , Wang Conghui , Shen Guang , Yang Yi , Zhao Chao , Li Yinqing , Liu Peng , Bai Jingwei
Published: June 2024

Nucleic acid tests are essential for the accurate diagnosis and control of infectious diseases. However, current assays are not easily scalable for a large population, due to the requirement of laboratory settings or special equipment. Here, we developed an integrated box for instant nucleic acid screening which fully integrates nucleic acid release, amplification, and results visualization for self-service standalone test. Importantly, the operation of the box runs on a novel gamepad-like interface, which allows deployment of the box in home settings and operation by users without any prior professional training. The performance of the box is empowered by an RNA extraction-free sample inactivation process and nested recombinase polymerase amplification chemistry and exhibits sensitivity comparable to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction with high specificity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in a reaction time of 30 minutes directly from fresh swab sample to results. These innovations make the box a novel platform for a convenient, accurate, and deployable point-of-care testing scheme.
Identification of AdipoRon analogues as novel activators of AMPK for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lin Chao , Sun Geng , Li Yi
Published: June 2024

The activation of AMPK has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Polyoxometalate-derived electrocatalysts enabling progress in hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Zhu Shaohua , Pang Haijun , Sun Zhe , Ullah Khan Shifa , Mustafa Ghulam , Ma Huiyuan , Wang Xinming , Yang Guixin
Published: June 2024

Recent developments of polyoxometalate (POM)-derived electrocatalysts, their application to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalytic HER mechanism, structure–performance correlations, and challenges for the future are reported.
Active and highly durable supported catalysts for proton exchange membrane electrolysers
Authors: Belami Debora , Lindley Matthew , Jonnalagadda Umesh S. , Goncalves Bullock Annie Mae , Fan Qianwenhao , Liu Wen , Haigh Sarah J. , Kwan James , Regmi Yagya N. , King Laurie A.
Published: June 2024

Hollow titanium dioxide supported iridium oxygen evolution reaction catalysts exhibit high activity and durability for the half cell and membrane electrode assembly testing protocols.
Discovery of novel coumarin triazolyl and phenoxyphenyl triazolyl derivatives targeting amyloid beta aggregation-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation for enhanced neuroprotection
Authors: Visansirikul Satsawat , Yanaso Suthira , Boondam Yingrak , Prasittisa Kanjanawadee , Prutthiwanasan Brompoj , Chongruchiroj Sumet , Sripha Kittisak
Published: June 2024

CE5, a promising lead compound for Alzheimer's therapy, targets anti-amyloid beta aggregation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation modulation mechanisms.
Phosphine-promoted intramolecular Rauhut–Currier/Wittig reaction cascade to access (hetero)arene-fused diquinanes
Authors: Maurya Jay Prakash , Swain Subham S. , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: June 2024

Phosphine promotes a one-pot intramolecular Rauhut–Currier/Wittig reaction cascade to deliver arene- and heteroarene-fused diquinanes. The method is quite general and its utility has been demonstrated through various post-synthetic modifications.
Correction: The effect of the gelation temperature on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of perovskite nanoparticles manufactured using the sol–gel method
Authors: Karoui Line , Smari Mourad , Mnasri Taoufik , Bajorek Anna
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘The effect of the gelation temperature on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of perovskite nanoparticles manufactured using the sol–gel method’ by Line Karoui et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 11456–11469, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA01086H.