bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in the corrective effects of vertical transposition accompanied by recession–resection of the horizontal rectus muscles for complicated vertical deviation
Authors: Nakao Shin-ya , Miyata Manabu , Yamamoto Akinari , Kawai Kentaro , Suda Kenji , Nakano Eri , Tagawa Miho , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: July 2024

Background/objectives

To investigate whether the corrective effect differs between upward and downward transpositions or between exotropia and esotropia in vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection.

Subjects/methods

This prospective study investigated 41 patients with concomitant exotropia or esotropia with small-angle vertical deviation who underwent unilateral vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection and were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. We analysed the vertical deviation corrective effect, defined as the corrective amount per displacement distance (°/tendon width [TW]). We compared the corrective effects between upward and downward transpositions and between exotropia and esotropia. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between the corrective effect and the studied parameters.

Results

The 1-year vertical corrective effect was 5.2 ± 4.6° (9.0 ± 8.1 prism dioptres [Δ])/TW. The 1-year vertical corrective effect of upward transposition (7.9 ± 4.0° [13.8 ± 7.0Δ]/TW) was higher than that of the downward transposition (3.9 ± 4.4° [6.8 ± 7.7Δ]/TW, P = 0.009). In contrast, upward and downward transposition did not differ between exotropia and esotropia (P = 0.62). Multivariate analyses revealed that the 1-year vertical corrective effect correlated with the vertical transposition direction (upward or downward) and preoperative vertical deviation but did not correlate with the disease type (exotropia or esotropia). The 1-year motor success (vertical deviation ≤ 5Δ) rate was 89%.

Conclusion

The vertical corrective effect of vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection is greater in upward transposition than in downward transposition; however, it does not differ between exotropia and esotropia.
Multiomics of parkinsonism cynomolgus monkeys highlights significance of metabolites in interaction between host and microbiota
Authors: Gao Jiang-Mei , Xia Shou-Yue , Hide Geoff , Li Bi-Hai , Liu Yi-Yan , Wei Zhi-Yuan , Zhuang Xiao-Ji , Yan Qing , Wang Yun , Yang Wei , Chen Jian-Huan , Rao Jun-Hua
Published: July 2024

The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, conflicting findings regarding specific microbial species have been reported, possibly due to confounding factors within human populations. Herein, our current study investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and host in a non-human primate (NHP) PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using a multi-omic approach and a self-controlled design. Our transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) identified key genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation, mitochondrial function regulation, neuroprotection activation, and neurogenesis associated with PD, such as IL1B, ATP1A3, and SLC5A3. The metabolomic profiles in serum and feces consistently exhibited significant alterations, particularly those closely associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD, such as TUDCA, ethylmalonic acid, and L-homophenylalanine. Furthermore, fecal metagenome analysis revealed gut dysbiosis associated with PD, characterized by a significant decrease in alpha diversity and altered commensals, particularly species such as Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between PD-associated microbes and metabolites, such as sphingomyelin and phospholipids. Importantly, PDPC significantly reduced in both PD monkey feces and serum, exhibiting strong correlation with PD-associated genes and microbes, such as SLC5A3 and Butyrivibrio species. Moreover, such multi-omic differential biomarkers were linked to the clinical rating scales of PD monkeys. Our findings provided novel insights into understanding the potential role of key metabolites in the host-microbiota interaction involved in PD pathogenesis.
Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer in BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers
Authors: Myers Sara P. , Sevilimedu Varadan , Barrio Andrea V. , Tadros Audree B. , Mamtani Anita , Robson Mark E. , Morrow Monica , Lee Minna K.
Published: July 2024

BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers develop breast cancers with distinct pathological characteristics and mutational signatures that may result in differential response to chemotherapy. We compared rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC between BRCA1/2 variant carriers and noncarriers in a cohort of 1426 women (92 [6.5%] BRCA1 and 73 [5.1%] BRCA2) with clinical stage I–III breast cancer treated with NAC followed by surgery from 11/2013 to 01/2022 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The majority received doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel therapy (93%); BRCA1/2 carriers were more likely to receive carboplatin (p < 0.001). Overall, pCR was achieved in 42% of BRCA1 carriers, 21% of BRCA2 carriers, and 26% of noncarriers (p = 0.001). Among clinically node-positive (cN+) patients, nodal pCR was more frequent in BRCA1/2 carriers compared to noncarriers (53/96 [55%] vs. 371/856 [43%], p = 0.015). This difference was seen in HR+/HER2− (36% vs. 20% of noncarriers; p = 0.027) and TN subtypes (79% vs. 45% of noncarriers; p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis of the overall cohort, BRCA1 status, and TN and HER2+ subtypes were independently associated with pCR. These data indicate that BRCA1 carriers may be more likely to achieve overall and nodal pCR in response to NAC compared with BRCA2 carriers and patients with sporadic disease. Further studies with a larger cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are needed, as a small sample size may have a restricted ability to detect a significant association between mutational status and pCR in sensitivity analyses stratified by subtype and adjusted for clinically relevant factors.
Higher-order equivariant neural networks for charge density prediction in materials
Authors: Koker Teddy , Quigley Keegan , Taw Eric , Tibbetts Kevin , Li Lin
Published: July 2024

The calculation of electron density distribution using density functional theory (DFT) in materials and molecules is central to the study of their quantum and macro-scale properties, yet accurate and efficient calculation remains a long-standing challenge. We introduce ChargE3Net, an E(3)-equivariant graph neural network for predicting electron density in atomic systems. ChargE3Net enables the learning of higher-order equivariant features to achieve high predictive accuracy and model expressivity. We show that ChargE3Net exceeds the performance of prior work on diverse sets of molecules and materials. When trained on the massive dataset of over 100K materials in the Materials Project database, our model is able to capture the complexity and variability in the data, leading to a significant 26.7% reduction in self-consistent iterations when used to initialize DFT calculations on unseen materials. Furthermore, we show that non-self-consistent DFT calculations using our predicted charge densities yield near-DFT performance on electronic and thermodynamic property prediction at a fraction of the computational cost. Further analysis attributes the greater predictive accuracy to improved modeling of systems with high angular variations. These results illuminate a pathway towards a machine learning-accelerated ab initio calculations for materials discovery.
Chromosome-scale assembly of the wild cereal relative Elymus sibiricus
Authors: Shen Wenjie , Liu Bo , Guo Jialei , Yang Ying , Li Xiaohui , Chen Jie , Dou Quanwen
Published: July 2024

Elymus species, belonging to Triticeae tribe, is a tertiary gene pool for improvement of major cereal crops. Elymus sibiricus, a tetraploid with StH genome, is a typical species in the genus Elymus, which is widely utilized as a high-quality perennial forage grass in template regions. In this study, we report the construction of a chromosome-scale reference assembly of E. sibiricus line Gaomu No. 1 based on PacBio HiFi reads and chromosome conformation capture. Subgenome St and H were well phased by assisting with kmer and subgenome-specific repetitive sequence. The total assembly size was 6.929 Gb with a contig N50 of 49.518 Mb. In total, 89,800 protein-coding genes were predicted. The repetitive sequences accounted for 82.49% of the genome in E. sibiricus. Comparative genome analysis confirmed a major species-specific 4H/6H reciprocal translocation in E. sibiricus. The E. sibiricus assembly will be much helpful to exploit genetic resource of StH species in genus Elymus, and provides an important tool for E. sibiricus domestication.
Geoid Undulation Model as Vertical Reference in Indonesia
Authors: Pahlevi Arisauna , Syafarianty Agustina , Susilo Susilo , Lumban-Gaol Yustisi , Putra Widy , Triarahmadhana Bagas , Bramanto Brian , Muntaha Raa , El Fadhila King , Ladivanov Febriananda , Amrossalma Harka , Islam Lukman , Novianto Dwi , Huda Safirotul , Wismadi Tunjung , Efendi Joni , Ramadhan Alkindi , Wijaya Dudy , Prijatna Kosasih , Pramono Gatot
Published: July 2024

Indonesia released a new regional geoid model in 2020—the Indonesian Geoid 2020 (INAGEOID2020). It covers the Indonesian region with a spatial resolution of 0.01 × 0.01 degree with the unit in meters. The model was generated through a series of data and computations. Three components of gravity data, i.e., the observed free-air anomaly, the long-wave from the global geoid model, and the short-wave from the terrain model, were employed. The computation was performed using the Remove-Compute-Restore technique with the Fast Fourier Transformation approach. The output was then fitted to the geoid at tide stations by adding a fitting plane to the geoid model. The fitting plane was constructed based on the difference between the geoid model and each tide gauge benchmark. The final geoid model was evaluated by comparing the model with the reference data. Based on quality metrics, the accuracy of INAGEOID2020 varied between 6 cm to 29 cm. Any interested user can use this gridded geoid model to convert geodetic to orthometric heights and vice versa.
Generation of novel lipid metabolism-based signatures to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response for colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi , Yao Jun , Zhang Zhe , Wei Luxin , Wang Sheng
Published: July 2024

Lipid metabolism reprogramming involves in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stemness and immune checkpoints (ICs), which influence the metastasis of cancer. This study aimed to generate lipid metabolism-based signatures to predict prognosis, immunotherapy and chemotherapy response for colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). Transcriptome data and clinical information of COAD patients were collected from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of EMT-, stem cell-, and IC-related genes were assessed between COAD and control samples. Modules and genes correlated EMT, ICs and stemness signatures were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Prognostic signatures were generated and then the distribution of risk genes was evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GSE132465 dataset. COAD patients exhibited increased EMT score and stemness along with decreased ICs. Next, 12 hub genes (PIK3CG, ALOX5AP, PIK3R5, TNFAIP8L2, DPEP2, PIK3CD, PIK3R6, GGT5, ELOVL4, PTGIS, CYP7B1 and PRKD1) were found within green and yellow modules correlated with EMT, stemness and ICs. Lipid metabolism-based prognostic signatures were generated based on PIK3CG, GGT5 and PTGIS. Patients with high-risk group had poor prognosis, elevated ESTIMATEScore and StromalScore, 100% mutation rate and higher TIDE score. Samples in low-risk group had more immunogenicity on ICIs. Notably, PIK3CG was expressed in B cells, while GGT5 and PTGIS were expressed in stromal cells. This study generates lipid metabolism-based signatures correlated with EMT, stemness and ICs for predicting prognosis of COAD, and provides potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy in COAD.
Forward head posture associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in psychotic disorders compared to autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls
Authors: van de Meent Ilona , Koomen Lisanne , de Boer Renske , Le Clercq Lonneke , Janssen Dieuwertje , Boute Mikel , Maat Arija , van Dellen Edwin , Cahn Wiepke
Published: July 2024

Individuals with psychotic disorders often lead sedentary lives, heightening the risk of developing forward head posture. Forward head posture affects upper cervical vertebrae, raising the likelihood of daily discomforts like skeletal misalignment, neck pain, and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness in psychotic disorders is relevant, given its proven benefits in enhancing physical and mental health. This study investigates forward head posture by measuring craniovertebral angles in psychotic disorders and the relationship with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. To determine whether forward head posture is specific to psychotic disorders, we also included individuals with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls. Among 85 participants (32 psychotic disorders, 26 autism spectrum disorder, 27 healthy controls), photogrammetric quantification revealed a significantly lower mean craniocervical angle in psychotic disorders compared to autism spectrum disorder (p =  < 0.02) and the healthy control group (p =  < 0.01). Reduced craniovertebral angle is related to diminished cardiorespiratory fitness in psychosis (R2 = 0.45, p =  < 0.01) but not in other control groups. This study found reduced craniovertebral angles, indicating forward head posture in psychotic disorders. Moreover, this relates to diminished cardiorespiratory fitness. Further research is needed to examine the underlying causes and to investigate whether this can be reversed through physical therapy.
Radiology and multi-scale data integration for precision oncology
Authors: Paverd Hania , Zormpas-Petridis Konstantinos , Clayton Hannah , Burge Sarah , Crispin-Ortuzar Mireia
Published: July 2024

In this Perspective paper we explore the potential of integrating radiological imaging with other data types, a critical yet underdeveloped area in comparison to the fusion of other multi-omic data. Radiological images provide a comprehensive, three-dimensional view of cancer, capturing features that would be missed by biopsies or other data modalities. This paper explores the complexities and challenges of incorporating medical imaging into data integration models, in the context of precision oncology. We present the different categories of imaging-omics integration and discuss recent progress, highlighting the opportunities that arise from bringing together spatial data on different scales.
Estimation of ventilatory thresholds during exercise using respiratory wearable sensors
Authors: Contreras-Briceño Felipe , Cancino Jorge , Espinosa-Ramírez Maximiliano , Fernández Gonzalo , Johnson Vader , Hurtado Daniel E.
Published: July 2024

Ventilatory thresholds (VTs) are key physiological parameters used to evaluate physical performance and determine aerobic and anaerobic transitions during exercise. Current assessment of these parameters requires ergospirometry, limiting evaluation to laboratory or clinical settings. In this work, we introduce a wearable respiratory system that continuously tracks breathing during exercise and estimates VTs during ramp tests. We validate the respiratory rate and VTs predictions in 17 healthy adults using ergospirometry analysis. In addition, we use the wearable system to evaluate VTs in 107 recreational athletes during ramp tests outside the laboratory and show that the mean population values agree with physiological variables traditionally used to exercise prescription. We envision that respiratory wearables can be useful in determining aerobic and anaerobic parameters with promising applications in health telemonitoring and human performance.
Mechanistic insight into benzylidene-directed glycosylation reactions using cryogenic infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Chun-Wei , Greis Kim , Prabhu Gurpur Rakesh D. , Wehner Dana , Kirschbaum Carla , Ober Katja , Torres-Boy América Y. , Leichnitz Sabrina , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Seeberger Peter H. , Pagel Kevin
Published: July 2024

The stereoselective formation of 1,2-cis glycosidic linkages is challenging. The currently most widely used strategy for their installation uses 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected building blocks. The stereoselectivity of this reaction is thought to be driven by a covalent intermediate, which reacts via an SN2 mechanism. However, the role of cationic SN1-type intermediates in this reaction is unclear. Here we elucidate the structure of glycosyl cations carrying 4,6-O-benzylidene groups using cryogenic infrared ion spectroscopy and computational methods. The data reveal that the intermediates form anhydro cations, which correlates well with the stereoselective outcome of SN1-type glycosylations. The study highlights how cryogenic infrared spectroscopy can elucidate the role of intermediates in sugar chemistry and how these structural data can be linked to reactions in solution.
Oblique spin injection to graphene via geometry controlled magnetic nanowires
Authors: Toscano-Figueroa Jesus C. , Burrow Daniel , Guarochico-Moreira Victor H. , Xie Chengkun , Thomson Thomas , Grigorieva Irina V. , Vera-Marun Ivan J.
Published: July 2024

We exploit the geometry of magnetic nanowires, which define 1D contacts to an encapsulated graphene channel, to introduce an out-of-plane component in the polarisation of spin carriers. By design, the magnetic nanowires traverse the angled sides of the 2D material heterostructure. Consequently, the easy axis of the nanowires is inclined, and so the local magnetisation is oblique at the injection point. As a result, when performing non-local spin valve measurements we simultaneously observe both switching and spin precession phenomena, implying the spin population possesses both in-plane and out-of-plane polarisation components. By comparing the relative magnitudes of these components, we quantify the angle of the total spin polarisation vector. The extracted angle is consistent with the angle of the nanowire at the graphene interface, evidencing that the effect is a consequence of the device geometry. This simple method of spin-based vector magnetometry provides an alternative technique to define the spin polarisation in 2D spintronic devices.
Mucosal IFNλ1 mRNA-based immunomodulation effectively reduces SARS-CoV-2 induced mortality in mice
Authors: Macht Anna , Huang Yiqi , Reinert Line S , Grass Vincent , Lohmer Kristin , Aristizabal Prada Elke Tatjana , Babel Eveline , Semmler Alexandra , Zhang Wen , Wegner Andrea , Lichtenegger-Hartl Eva , Haas Sonja , Hasenpusch Günther , Meyer Steffen , Paludan Søren R , Pichlmair Andreas , Rudolph Carsten , Langenickel Thomas
Published: July 2024

RNA vaccines elicit protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, but the use of mRNA as an antiviral immunotherapeutic is unexplored. Here, we investigate the activity of lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA encoding human IFNλ1 (ETH47), which is a critical driver of innate immunity at mucosal surfaces protecting from viral infections. IFNλ1 mRNA administration promotes dose-dependent protein translation, induction of interferon-stimulated genes without relevant signs of unspecific immune stimulation, and dose-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Pulmonary administration of IFNλ1 mRNA in mice results in a potent reduction of virus load, virus-induced body weight loss and significantly increased survival. These data support the development of inhaled administration of IFNλ1 mRNA as a potential prophylactic option for individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or at risk suffering from COVID-19. Based on the broad antiviral activity of IFNλ1 regardless of virus or variant, this approach might also be utilized for other respiratory viral infections or pandemic preparedness.
Dantrolene corrects cellular disease features of Darier disease and may be a novel treatment
Authors: Hunt Matthew , Wang Nuoqi , Pupinyo Naricha , Curman Philip , Torres Monica , Jebril William , Chatzinikolaou Maria , Lorent Julie , Silberberg Gilad , Bansal Ritu , Burner Teresa , Zhou Jing , Kimeswenger Susanne , Hoetzenecker Wolfram , Choate Keith , Bachar-Wikstrom Etty , Wikstrom Jakob D
Published: July 2024

Darier disease (DD) is a rare severe acantholytic skin disease caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene that encodes for the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2). SERCA2 maintains endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis by pumping calcium into the ER, critical for regulating cellular calcium dynamics and cellular function. To date, there is no treatment that specifically targets the disease mechanisms in DD. Dantrolene sodium (Dl) is a ryanodine receptor antagonist that inhibits calcium release from ER to increase ER calcium levels and is currently used for non-dermatological indications. In this study, we first identified dysregulated genes and molecular pathways in DD patient skin, demonstrating downregulation of cell adhesion and calcium homeostasis pathways, as well as upregulation of ER stress and apoptosis. We then show in various in vitro models of DD and SERCA2 inhibition that Dl aided in the retention of ER calcium and promoted cell adhesion. In addition, Dl treatment reduced ER stress and suppressed apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Dl specifically targets pathogenic mechanisms of DD and may be a potential treatment.
External electric field driven conformation transition between lithium salts and electride-like molecules: intriguing NLO switches in Li@corannulene
Authors: Gan Ping-yao , Huang Xiao , Liu Wen-bo , Gao Feng-wei , Su Zhong-min
Published: July 2024

Conformation transition of the Li@corannulene system is from lithiation salts to electride-like molecules under an external electric field, the hyperpolarizabilities (βtot) have been improved significantly.
Smart zwitterionic coatings with precise pH-responsive antibacterial functions for bone implants to combat bacterial infections
Authors: Hu Qinsheng , Du Yangrui , Bai Yangjing , Xing Dandan , Wu Chengcheng , Li Kaijun , Lang Shiying , Liu Xiaoyan , Liu Gongyan
Published: July 2024

We employed a pH-responsive smart zwitterionic antibacterial coating and fabricated onto titanium-base bone implants. This facile yet effective coating strategy will provide a promising solution to combat bone implant-related infections.
Single-component TADF gels: study of the positional isomer effect on gelation and morphological effect on conductivity
Authors: Nanda Gyana Prakash , Chand Savita , Rajamanickam Suresh , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan
Published: July 2024

The gelation of two TADF positional isomers, 4BPy-mDTC and BPy-DTC, was explored.
Sequential nucleophilic substitution of pseudorotaxanes forms rotaxanes with various linking functionalities and recycling of the surrogate stopper
Authors: Chang Chun-Tung , Chiu Sheng-Hsien
Published: July 2024

A sequential nucleophilic substitution method produces rotaxanes from anion-sensitive pseudorotaxanes.
Porosity control in pillar-layered MOF architectures: hydrogen bonding in amino-functionalized 2-D layers
Authors: Tavakoli-Quchani Fatemeh , Salimi Alireza , Pour Ali Nakhaei
Published: July 2024

The effect of porosity control in three new pillar-layered MOF structures by hydrogen bonding of amino-functionalized linker on the selective gas adsorption.
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2XP: first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Wei Xiao-Ping , Du Lan-Lan , Meng Jiang-Liu , Tao Xiaoma
Published: July 2024

2D monolayers Cr2XP (X = P, As, Sb) are predicted to be intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperature and large magnetic anisotropy energy. The appearance ferromagnetic ordered phase and the origin of magnetic anisotropy energy for Cr2XP are discussed.
Gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy of the dysprosium monoxide molecule and its cation
Authors: Schaller Sascha , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , Fielicke André
Published: July 2024

Excitation using an infrared free electron laser is used to record the vibrational spectra of DyO and DyO+ with rotational resolution.
Magnetoelectric effects in magnetic films with alternating magnetic anisotropy: the emergence and stability of Bloch points
Authors: Gareeva Zukhra , Filippova Viktoria , Shulga Nikolai , Doroshenko Rurik
Published: July 2024

Magnetic topological states in exchange-coupled ferromagnetic film in the absence of the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction are investigated and the conditions required for the existence of Bloch point states are determined.
Effect of solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus on the protein content and other nutritional components of de-seeded carob fruits
Authors: Iqbal Shahab , Tirpanalan-Staben Özge , Franke Knut
Published: July 2024

Carob pulp is a currently underutilized by-product of locust bean gum production from carob pods.
A micropore nanoband electrode array for enhanced electrochemical generation/analysis in flow systems
Authors: Moore Fiona , Schmueser Ilka , Terry Jonathan G. , Mount Andrew R.
Published: July 2024

A breakthrough nanoelectrode array technology for enhanced electrochemical generation/analysis is fabricated and characterised, with potentially wide-ranging application.
Engineering strategies in the rational design of Cu-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction: from doping of elements to defect creation
Authors: Yousaf Sheraz , Ahmad Iqbal , Farooq Warsi Muhammad , Ali Asad
Published: July 2024

Graphical abstract depicting the e-CO2R into valuable products using a specialized electrode setup. This process offers a sustainable approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating global warming.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production through modification of B←N coordination units
Authors: Gu Junyi , Qiang Yanan , Mu Xuemei , Liu Zhihai , Zhang Chao , Lai Min , Pan Xiaobo , Zhao Hao
Published: July 2024

Built-in electric field construction and energy band modulation of B←N containing polymer units to expand B←N photocatalyst systems.
Xanthene-based fluorescence turn-on detection of phosgene via analyte-triggered isocyanate formation
Authors: Priya Bhanu , Kumar Naresh , Roopa
Published: July 2024

A molecular system that exhibits fluorescence turn-on response with phosgene has been reported.
A mixed-valence CuI/CuII metal–organic framework for CO2 conversion
Authors: Wang Yu-Mei , Mo Kai-Ming , Luo Dong , Tao Mei-Xia , Chen Xu , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan
Published: July 2024

A CuI/CuII mixed-valence metal–organic framework with a rarely reported (3,4,4)-c network topology has been prepared. It can effectively catalyze the cyclization reaction of epoxides or propargyl amines with carbon dioxide.
Biphasic phase-transfer catalysis: epoxidation of vegetable oils by surface active ionic liquids in water
Authors: Hegelmann Markus , Bohórquez Wilson F. , Luibl Johannes , Jess Andreas , Orjuela Alvaro , Cokoja Mirza
Published: July 2024

Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) are introduced as single-component molecular catalysts for the epoxidation of vegetable oils. The organic product phase can be separated by mechanical methods and the SAILs are recycled from the aqueous phase.
Mechanistic insights into C–O bond cleavage in erythritol during hydrodeoxygenation on an Ir–ReOx catalyst
Authors: Rajan Ajin , Varghese Jithin John
Published: July 2024

Kinetic preference for selective C–O bond cleavage and removal of interior OH groups in linear alkane polyol to form terminal alkanediol during hydrodeoxygenation reaction using Brønsted acidic inverse Ir–ReOx catalyst.
Stainless steel-derived nano-porous oxide: a cost-efficient, stable, and corrosion-resistant hydrogen evolution catalyst
Authors: Bose Ranjith , Gajagouni Surya Prakash , Barsoum Imad , Cho Sung Oh , Alfantazi Akram
Published: July 2024

The nanoporous metal oxide structure derived from stainless steel (SS) exhibits exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction activity and remarkable operational resilience, enduring 50 hours of continuous electrolysis.
Magnetic field-governed kinetics in a silicon dioxide-based anode towards high performing lithium-ion magneto-batteries
Authors: Rehman Sagar Rizwan Ur , Mateti Srikanth , Mahmood Nasir , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Chen Ying (Ian) , Rahman Md Mokhlesur
Published: July 2024

Negative magnetoresistance of in situ carbon-coated amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles is used for controlling the electrode kinetics in lithium-ion batteries to achieve maximum electrochemical performance.
Sub-zero self-healable and fatigue-resistant conductive ionoelastomers for sensorized soft pneumatic robots
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Zhanwei , Demir Fatma , Cai Yinxin , Liu Zijin , Ren Jing , Van Assche Guy , Ling Shengjie , Vanderborght Bram , Terryn Seppe
Published: July 2024

PSSFIE, featuring a dendritic microstructure, with enhanced strength, modulus, low hysteresis and high fatigue threshold, was developed to addresses soft robotics challenges like low-temperature self-healing, operation, and damage sensing.
Recent advances on nanomaterial-based glutathione sensors
Authors: Bagherpour Saman , Pérez-García Lluïsa
Published: July 2024

This review comprehensively covers a wide range of nanomaterial categories, including the fabrication of both chemo- and biosensors, detection methodologies, detection mechanisms, and the applied biological environments for glutathione detection.
Achieving persistent room-temperature phosphorescence from phenanthridone derivatives by molecular engineering
Authors: Wu Hongzhuo , Wang Deliang , Zhang Jianquan , Alam Parvej , Zhao Zheng , Xiong Yu , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2024

A facile design strategy based on molecular engineering is proposed for the first time to achieve a series of PTD derivatives with tunable persistent RTP properties through substituent effects.
Efficient all-fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes with superior color stability and low efficiency roll-off employing matrix-free blue emitting layers
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xue Rui , Li Deng-Feng , Li Ya-Nan , Zhang Yuan-Bo , Huang Sheng-Zhe , Zhang Chun-Fang , Feng Qi , Li Tian-Yi , Cui Lin-Song
Published: July 2024

All-fluorescence WOLEDs comprising a matrix-free TADF blue emitting layer simultaneously reach low efficiency roll-off and extremely color stable electroluminescence spectra.
Memristive effects within stacking faults consisting of locally coexisting rhombohedral and Bernal lattices in exfoliated graphite and multilayered carbon nano-onion
Authors: Wu Hansong , Lei Li , Wang Shanling , Zhang Hong , Boi Filippo S.
Published: July 2024

We report an in-depth investigation of stacking faults in exfoliated pyrolytic graphite and in multilayered lattices of carbon nano-onions by employing a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman point and mapping spectroscopy.
Dynamic memristor array with multiple reservoir states for training efficient neuromorphic computing
Authors: Noh Minseo , Ju Dongyeol , Kim Sungjun
Published: July 2024

Exploration of efficient neuromorphic computing using Pt/Al/TiOy/TiOx/Al2O3/Pt array memristors implemented a reservoir with 16 states, demonstrating the training process of synaptic array images.
The Emergence of Verb Patterns in Arabic in Children With Developmental Language Disorder Compared to Children With Typical Development
Authors: Tallas-Mahajna Naila , Armon-Lotem Sharon , Saiegh-Haddad Elinor
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The Arabic verb system features a nonlinear root and pattern derivational morphology. Previous studies suggest that young Arabic and Hebrew speakers' early verb use is based on semantic complexity rather than derivational morphological structure. The present study examines the role of morphological and semantic complexity in the emergence of the verb
derivational
morphology in Arabic speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) compared to children with typical language development (TLD).

Method:

Natural language data were collected from native Arabic-speaking children (40 with DLD; aged 4–6 years and 133 with TLD aged 2;6–6;0 [years;months]) using picture-based elicitation tasks, and verbs were coded morphologically for derivational features and for features of semantic complexity.

Results:

The results showed that children with DLD demonstrated a more limited production of verb patterns, both in types and in tokens, than age-matched children with TLD. Also, children with DLD age 5;0–6;0 were similar in types and tokens of verb patterns to younger children with TLD at the age of 3;6–4 years. Moreover, while children with TLD at the age of 2;6–3 years used a smaller number of verb patterns than older 4;0–5;0 aged children with DLD, the two groups were not different in verb semantics. Finally, the morphological and semantic diversity demonstrated by the children with DLD was similar to the morphological and semantic diversity shown by children with TLD.

Conclusion:

Our findings support the conclusion that children with DLD and with TLD acquire the derivational verb system in the same pathway and the quantitative lexical differences between the two groups support a delay rather than a deviation from the typical developmental trajectory.
Two‐stage algorithm for traffic signal optimization and web‐service system development
Authors: Lee Seungyeop , Eom Myungeun , Kim Byung‐In
Published: July 2024

Efficient control of traffic signals for vehicles and pedestrians at intersections is critical for relieving traffic congestion. Considering the unique characteristics of intersections, such as the number of roads, the presence or absence of crosswalks, road geometric shapes, and traffic demand patterns, an appropriate phase sequence and duration for traffic signals must be established at each intersection. This paper proposes a simulation‐based two‐stage algorithm comprising integer‐constrained Adam (ICA) and tabu search (TS) to optimize the phase sequence and duration for arbitrary intersections with arbitrary traffic‐demand patterns. The ICA promptly identifies a promising region in which a global optimal solution is likely to be obtained, whereas TS determines the best solution near the region. The performance of the proposed algorithm that optimizes phase durations with fixed phase sequence is evaluated against several baseline methods using 24 instances across six actual intersections. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the average travel time by 20.2% compared with existing traffic signals within a computation time of 4 min, thus providing a near‐optimal solution eight times faster than commonly used population‐based metaheuristics. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates robust performance across heterogeneous vehicles and recommends the best phase sequence that effectively alleviates congestion in current traffic signal systems. The optimized phase sequence with best phase durations further reduces the average travel time by approximately 11.3% compared with the existing phase sequence with best phase durations at an actual intersection. To facilitate its widespread use, a free, open web‐service system named “Smart Intersection for Traffic Efficiency” is developed, which enables users to optimize traffic signal systems without requiring optimization background or simulation knowledge.
The high-energy environment of the heavy sub-Earth GJ 367 b indicates likely complete evaporation of its atmosphere
Authors: Poppenhaeger K. , Ketzer L. , Ilic N. , Magaudda E. , Robrade J. , Stelzer B. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Schneider P. C.
Published: July 2024

The planet GJ 367 b is a recently discovered high-density sub-Earth orbiting an M dwarf star. Its composition was modelled to be predominantly iron with a potential remainder of a hydrogen-helium envelope. Here we report an X-ray detection of this planet’s host star for the first time, using data from the spectro-imaging X-ray telescope eROSITA onboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission. We characterise the magnetic activity of the host star from the X-ray data and estimate its effects on a potential atmosphere of the planet. We find that despite the very low activity level of the host star the expected mass loss rates, both under core-powered and photoevaporative mass loss regimes, are so high that a potential primordial or outgassed atmosphere would evaporate very quickly. Since the activity level of the host star indicates that the system is several Gigayears old, it is very unlikely that the planet currently still hosts any atmosphere.
Asymmetries in asymptotic giant branch stars and their winds
Authors: Wiegert Joachim , Freytag Bernd , Höfner Susanne
Published: July 2024

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are significant contributors to the metal enrichment of the interstellar medium. They have strong dust-driven winds that have their origin in regions close to the AGB star’s surface, where dense dust clouds form.

Aims. In this methods paper, we adapted models from advanced radiation-hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations as input for radiative transfer software to create synthetic observables. A major goal is to describe an AGB star’s non-sphericity and to simulate its effects on the surrounding dusty envelope.

Methods. We developed tools in Python to translate models of an AGB star and its dust-driven wind from 3D RHD simulations with CO5BOLD into the format used for radiative transfer with RADMC-3D. We preserved the asymmetric shape of the AGB star by including the star as a ‘dust species’ and by using temperature data computed in CO5BOLD. The circumstellar silicate dust from the 3D RHD simulation is included using Mg2SiO4 opacity data in RADMC-3D with spatially dependent grain sizes. We compared images and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) created with RADMC-3D of a model snapshot with similar output made with a spherically symmetric stellar atmosphere from the 1D program DARWIN and with a point source star in RADMC-3D.

Results. Our CO5BOLD model features substantial and clumpy dust formation just above 3.4 au from the grid centre (∼1 R⋆ above the star), and large-scale structures due to giant convection cells are visible on the stellar surface. With the properties of VLTI as a basis, we have created simple synthetic observables where the dust clouds close to the star and features on the stellar surface are resolved. The flux density and the contrast to the star are high enough that optical interferometers, such as the VLTI, should be able to detect these dust clouds. We find that it is important to include asymmetric stellar models since their irregular shapes, radiation fields, and their dusty envelopes even put their marks on spatially unresolved observables and affect the flux levels and shapes of the SEDs. The effects on flux levels can mostly be linked to the clumpiness of the circumstellar dust. In contrast, the angle-dependent illumination resulting from temperature variations on the stellar surface causes shifts in the wavelengths of the flux maximum, as shown by replacing the asymmetric star with a spherical one.

Conclusions. The methods presented here are an important step towards producing realistic synthetic observables and testing predictions of advanced 3D RHD models. With the model used here, we find that optical interferometers should be able to resolve thermal emission from dense clouds in the dust-formation zone close to an AGB star. Taking the angle-dependence of SEDs as a proxy for temporal variations in unresolved data, we conclude that not all variability observed in AGB stars should be interpreted as global changes in the sense of spherical models.
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Brucy Noé , Colman Tine
Published: July 2024

Context. The star formation rate (SFR), the number of stars formed per unit of time, is a fundamental quantity in the evolution of the Universe.

Aims. While turbulence is believed to play a crucial role in setting the SFR, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Turbulence promotes star formation by compressing the gas, but also slows it down by stabilizing the gas against gravity. Most widely used analytical models rely on questionable assumptions, including:i) integrating over the density PDF, a one-point statistical description that ignores spatial correlation,ii) selecting self-gravitating gas based on a density threshold that often ignores turbulent dispersion,iii) assuming the freefall time as the timescale for estimating SFR without considering the need to rejuvenate the density PDF,iv) assuming the density probability distribution function (PDF) to be log-normal. This leads to the reliance on fudge factors for rough agreement with simulations. Even more seriously, when a more accurate density PDF is being used, the classical theory predicts a SFR that is essentially 0.

Methods. Improving upon the only existing model that incorporates the spatial correlation of the density field, we present a new analytical model that, in a companion paper, is rigorously compared against a large series of numerical simulations. We calculate the time needed to rejuvenate density fluctuations of a given density and spatial scale, revealing that it is generally much longer than the freefall time, rendering the latter inappropriate for use.

Results. We make specific predictions regarding the role of the Mach number, ℳ, and the driving scale of turbulence divided by the mean Jeans length. At low to moderate Mach numbers, turbulence does not reduce and may even slightly promote star formation by broadening the PDF. However, at higher Mach numbers, most density fluctuations are stabilized by turbulent dispersion, leading to a steep drop in the SFR as the Mach number increases. A fundamental parameter is the exponent of the power spectrum of the natural logarithm of the density, lnρ, characterizing the spatial distribution of the density field. In the high Mach regime, the SFR strongly depends on it, as lower values imply a paucity of massive, gravitationally unstable clumps.

Conclusions. We provide a revised analytical model to calculate the SFR of a system, considering not only the mean density and Mach number but also the spatial distribution of the gas through the power spectrum of lnρ, as well as the injection scale of turbulence. At low Mach numbers, the model predicts a relatively high SFR nearly independent of ℳ, whereas for high Mach, the SFR is a steeply decreasing function of ℳ.
Le sepsis néonatal : comment l’identifier, comment le gérer
Authors: Lemonnier Louise , Leroux Aurélia
Published: July 2024

Le sepsis néonatal est une maladie grave du poulain nouveau-né caractérisée par une réponse inflammatoire systémique exagérée ou SIRS (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome) d’origine infectieuse. L’activation de voies pro-inflammatoires multiples mène à un état de choc caractérisé par une hypoperfusion tissulaire et une hypotension sévère réfractaire à la fluidothérapie se traduisant souvent par une hyperlactatémie.

L’hypoperfusion tissulaire associée à un syndrome de coagulation intravasculaire disséminée (CIVD) et la formation d’œdèmes, entraîne une hypoxie tissulaire et des dysfonctions organiques multiples ou MODS (Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) potentiellement mortelles.

Les signes cliniques et les paramètres sanguins associés au sepsis néonatal sont vagues et peu spécifiques, et reflètent la réponse immunitaire à l’infection et les dysfonctions organiques. Une hypoglycémie et hyperlactatémie sont cependant associées à un mauvais pronostic vital. Des systèmes de score peuvent aider à l’identification d’un SIRS ou sepsis, avec une sensibilité et spécificité modérées.

Compte-tenu de l’origine souvent bactérienne, une prise en charge immédiate par la mise en place rapide d’une antibiothérapie est un critère majeur de survie du poulain, en parallèle d’une fluidothérapie. Le pronostic vital du poulain septique est en voie d’amélioration mais reste modéré avec un taux de survie de 57 à 71 p. cent après hospitalisation. Le propriétaire doit être conscient des coûts importants associés à une hospitalisation, et des systèmes de score de survie peuvent aider la prise de décision.
L’évolution de la politique de lutte antidopage
dans les courses au trot
Authors: Duluard Arnaud
Published: July 2024

La lutte antidopage dans les courses au Trot reposait initialement et majoritairement sur la réalisation de prélèvements en compétition. La stratégie de contrôle a évolué vers la réalisation de prélèvements à d’autres moments de la vie du trotteur afin de pouvoir contrôler à tout moment le cheval de sa naissance jusqu’au terme de sa carrière de course. Par ailleurs, afin de renforcer la prise en compte du bien-être animal, un certain nombre de règles relatives aux soins prodigués aux trotteurs à l’entraînement ont été intégrées très récemment dans les codes des courses de plusieurs pays.

L’ensemble des contrôles susceptibles d’être effectués sur les trotteurs, les approches innovantes de contrôle développées dernièrement ainsi que les nouvelles dispositions réglementaires spécifiques au Trot en France et à l’international sont détaillés et explicités dans la mesure où ces évolutions sont susceptibles d’impacter sensiblement la pratique du vétérinaire équin au quotidien.
Juridique - Contrôle antidopage et responsabilité civile professionnelle :
analyse de la jurisprudence et conseils pratiques
Authors: Lassalas Philippe
Published: July 2024

En France, le contrôle antidopage et le contrôle des médications chez les chevaux de course et de sport aboutissent rarement à des décisions judiciaires à l’encontre des vétérinaires.

Cet article s’intéresse à la jurisprudence en la matière qui permet de prendre conscience des pièges que le praticien doit éviter dans sa pratique professionnelle.

La jurisprudence renseigne également sur les bonnes pratiques thérapeutiques dans le respect du bien-être du cheval et des règlements applicables. L’ordonnance doit servir de support aux informations échangées au moment des soins et aux consignes données. S’il convient de mentionner un délai d’attente approximatif et indicatif avant un retour en course ou en compétition, il n’est, en revanche, pas souhaitable d’indiquer un délai d’attente précis.

Dans le contexte de la lutte contre le dopage, les vétérinaires ne doivent pas céder à la pression des entraineurs, propriétaires et cavaliers mais ils doivent rester maîtres de leurs choix thérapeutiques.