bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NvPrdm14d-expressing neural progenitor cells contribute to non-ectodermal neurogenesis in Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Lemaître Quentin I. B. , Bartsch Natascha , Kouzel Ian U. , Busengdal Henriette , Richards Gemma Sian , Steinmetz Patrick R. H. , Rentzsch Fabian
Published: July 2022

Neurogenesis has been studied extensively in the ectoderm, from which most animals generate the majority of their neurons. Neurogenesis from non-ectodermal tissue is, in contrast, poorly understood. Here we use the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis as a model to provide new insights into the molecular regulation of non-ectodermal neurogenesis. We show that the transcription factor NvPrdm14d is expressed in a subpopulation of NvSoxB(2)-expressing endodermal progenitor cells and their NvPOU4-expressing progeny. Using a new transgenic reporter line, we show that NvPrdm14d-expressing cells give rise to neurons in the body wall and in close vicinity of the longitudinal retractor muscles. RNA-sequencing of NvPrdm14d::GFP-expressing cells and gene knockdown experiments provide candidate genes for the development and function of these neurons. Together, the identification of a population of endoderm-specific neural progenitor cells and of previously undescribed putative motoneurons in Nematostella provide new insights into the regulation of non-ectodermal neurogenesis.
Improved analysis of (e)CLIP data with RCRUNCH yields a compendium of RNA-binding protein binding sites and motifs
Authors: Katsantoni Maria , van Nimwegen Erik , Zavolan Mihaela
Published: July 2022

We present RCRUNCH, an end-to-end solution to CLIP data analysis for identification of binding sites and sequence specificity of RNA-binding proteins. RCRUNCH can analyze not only reads that map uniquely to the genome, but also those that map to multiple genome locations or across splice boundaries, and can consider various types of background in the estimation of read enrichment. By applying RCRUNCH to the eCLIP data from the ENCODE project, we have constructed a comprehensive and homogeneous resource ofin vivo-bound RBP sequence motifs. RCRUNCH automates the reproducible analysis of CLIP data, enabling studies of post-transcriptional control of gene expression.
stuart: an R package for the curation of SNP genotypes from experimental crosses
Authors: Bourdon Marie , Montagutelli Xavier
Published: July 2022

Genetic mapping in two-generation crosses requires genotyping, usually performed with SNP markers arrays which provide high-density genetic information. However, genetic analysis on raw genotypes can lead to spurious or unreliable results due to defective SNP assays or wrong genotype interpretation. Here we introduce stuart, an open-source R package which analyzes raw genotyping data to filter SNP markers based on informativeness, Mendelian inheritance pattern and consistency with parental genotypes. Functions of this package provide a curation pipeline and formatting adequate for genetic analysis with the R/qtl package. stuart is available with detailed documentation fromhttps://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mouselab/stuart/.
Cisplatin toxicity is mediated by direct binding to TLR4 through a mechanism that is distinct from metal allergens
Authors: Domingo Ivan K. , Groenendyk Jody , Michalak Marek , Bhavsar Amit P.
Published: July 2022

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, yet its use is limited by several adverse drug reactions, known as cisplatin-induced toxicities (CITs). We recently demonstrated that cisplatin could elicit pro-inflammatory responses associated with CITs through Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 is best recognized for binding bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its coreceptor, MD-2. TLR4 is also proposed to directly bind transition metals, such as nickel. Little is known about the nature of the cisplatin-TLR4 interaction. Here, we show that soluble TLR4 was capable of blocking cisplatin-induced, but not LPS-induced TLR4 activation. Cisplatin and nickel, but not LPS, were able to directly bind soluble TLR4 in a microscale thermophoresis binding assay. Interestingly, TLR4 histidine variants that abolish nickel binding, reduced, but did not eliminate, cisplatin-induced TLR4 activation. This was corroborated by binding data that showed cisplatin, but not nickel, could directly bind mouse TLR4 that lacks these histidine residues. Altogether, our findings suggest that TLR4 can directly bind cisplatin in a manner that is enhanced by, but not dependent on, histidine residues that facilitate binding to transition metals.
Virtual learning environment factors as predictors of students' learning satisfaction during COVID-19 period in Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Sulaimon , Tahir Muyideen Babatunde
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The onus of this study was to find out the role played by virtual learning environment factors on students' satisfaction during the COVID-19 period in Nigeria. A survey was carried out on students in higher education institutions in Nigeria to actualize this purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

Simple random sampling techniques with the aid of Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample determinant and the Snowball sampling technique were adopted to sample 270 students in higher education institutions in Nigeria. An adapted questionnaire was used. Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated for the two sections of the independent and dependent variables. Virtual learning environment factors yielded 0.89, while students' satisfaction yielded 0.87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlation, two-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis.

Findings

The results of the ANOVA, F (df 4, 265) = 50.905, p < 0.000, indicate a statistically significant relationship (stronger than 0.05) between the independent variables (virtual learning environment factors) and the dependent variable (students' satisfaction). It was found among others that instructors' support and collaboration factors predicted students' satisfaction with virtual learning experiences during the COVID-19 period.

Originality/value

Virtual learning during COVID-19 caught both lecturers and students unprepared. Most developing countries especially Africans were used to the traditional face-to-face learning, more so, the use of virtual means to learn was still at a nascent stage. This study, therefore, contributed to the role of the learning environment in virtual learning satisfaction.
Analysis and optimization of Dual Parallel Partition Sorting with OpenMP
Authors: Ketchaya Sirilak , Rattanatranurak Apisit
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Sorting is a very important algorithm to solve problems in computer science. The most well-known divide and conquer sorting algorithm is quicksort. It starts with dividing the data into subarrays and finally sorting them.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the algorithm named Dual Parallel Partition Sorting (DPPSort) is analyzed and optimized. It consists of a partitioning algorithm named Dual Parallel Partition (DPPartition). The DPPartition is analyzed and optimized in this paper and sorted with standard sorting functions named qsort and STLSort which are quicksort, and introsort algorithms, respectively. This algorithm is run on any shared memory/multicore systems. OpenMP library which supports multiprocessing programming is developed to be compatible with C/C++ standard library function. The authors’ algorithm recursively divides an unsorted array into two halves equally in parallel with Lomuto's partitioning and merge without compare-and-swap instructions. Then, qsort/STLSort is executed in parallel while the subarray is smaller than the sorting cutoff.

Findings

In the authors’ experiments, the 4-core Intel i7-6770 with Ubuntu Linux system is implemented. DPPSort is faster than qsort and STLSort up to 6.82× and 5.88× on Uint64 random distributions, respectively.

Originality/value

The authors can improve the performance of the parallel sorting algorithm by reducing the compare-and-swap instructions in the algorithm. This concept can be used to develop related problems to increase speedup of algorithms.
INS/CNS/DNS/XNAV deep integrated navigation in a highly dynamic environment
Authors: Hu Jintian , Liu Jin , Wang Yidi , Ning Xiaolin
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to address the problem of the divergence of traditional inertial navigation system (INS)/celestial navigation system (CNS)-integrated navigation for ballistic missiles. The authors introduce Doppler navigation system (DNS) and X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV) to the traditional INS/CNS-integrated navigation system and then propose an INS/CNS/DNS/XNAV deep integrated navigation system.

Design/methodology/approach

DNS and XNAV can provide velocity and position information, respectively. In addition to providing velocity information directly, DNS suppresses the impact of the Doppler effect on pulsar time of arrival (TOA). A pulsar TOA with drift bias is observed during the short navigation process. To solve this problem, the pulsar TOA drift bias model is established. And the parameters of the navigation filter are optimised based on this model.

Findings

The experimental results show that the INS/CNS/DNS/XNAV deep integrated navigation can suppress the drift of the accelerometer to a certain extent to improve the precision of position and velocity determination. In addition, this integrated navigation method can reduce the required accuracy of inertial navigation, thereby reducing the cost of missile manufacturing and realising low-cost and high-precision navigation.

Originality/value

The velocity information provided by the DNS can suppress the pulsar TOA drift, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the XNAV. This reflects the “deep” integration of these two navigation methods.
Bending and torsional vibration attenuation of multi-panel deployable solar array using reaction wheel actuators
Authors: Wang Cunfu , Chen Bifa
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to present a multi-axis actuating approach to attenuate the bending and torsional vibration of the solar array through the reaction wheel (RW) actuators.

Design/methodology/approach

The motion equation of the solar array with the RW actuators is derived in modal coordinates for controller design. The reaction torques, induced by the speed change of the RW actuators, are controlled for vibration attenuation through the constraints on the actuators’ rotating speed. The proposed control approach is firstly verified with numerical simulation on the finite element model of a full-scale solar array. Experimental study of a simplified elastic plate model is subsequently performed for feasibility and validity investigation.

Findings

Both the numerical and experimental studies demonstrated the success of adopting RW as the actuator. Results from numerical simulation reveal that the vibration response peak can be reduced by 80% with 2% of mass increase by using the RW actuators.

Practical implications

It is demonstrated that the multi-axis actuating method using RW actuators has a great potential in vibration attenuation of the multi-panel deployable solar array.

Originality/value

An approach to reduce bending and torsional vibration of solar array based on RW actuators is investigated. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the proposed vibration attenuation approach and its potential application in the spacecraft design.
“From the beginning, I think it was a stretch” – teachers’ perceptions and practices in teaching multiliteracies
Authors: Lim Fei Victor , Chia Alexius , Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine five Secondary English Language teachers’ perceptions and practices of multiliteracies teaching in the context of a decade after multiliteracies was introduced into the English Language syllabus in Singapore.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a case study approach, the authors observed 12 multiliteracies lessons taught by the five teacher participants across three secondary schools. The classroom data included field notes and video-recordings of the lessons. The authors also conducted pre-lesson and post-lesson interviews with the teachers to understand their beliefs and the rationale behind their classroom practices. The video-recordings of the lessons and audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic coding.

Findings

The authors identify an essentialising of multiliteracies to the skills of viewing and representing with multimodal texts, as well as a sense of uncertainty amongst the teachers towards the teaching of multiliteracies. In terms of practices, the authors observed an attempt to connect with the students’ life-worlds through the use of authentic materials, but often only in service of language learning. The authors also highlight the constraining influence of assessment on shaping multiliteracies learning. The findings of this study resonate with the conclusions that some of the earlier studies reported on teachers’ perceptions and practices of multiliteracies teaching. This resonation suggests perennial issues and challenges which remain unresolved.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited by the number of participants as well as the selected lessons the authors observed. The schools, while selected because they were considered as mid-range public schools in Singapore, were also not representative of all Singapore schools. As such, the authors acknowledge that the generalisability of the findings from this study is limited.

Practical implications

The issues raised in this study resonate with the findings from previous studies both from Singapore and around the world. The persistence of these concerns over time and space that remain unresolved demands attention and concerted action from policymakers, curriculum developers and education researchers, to address the challenges in multiliteracies teaching and learning.

Originality/value

This study was conducted a decade after the launch of the English Language Syllabus 2010, which first incorporated multiliteracies into the curriculum. This study examines the teachers’ perceptions and practices in relation to the policy intent. The implications from this study are relevant to educators interested in integrating multiliteracies in the literacy curriculum internationally.
Swimming against the tide: supplier bridging roles in diffusing sustainability upstream and downstream in supply networks
Authors: Johnsen Thomas E. , Caniato Federico , Meqdadi Osama , Miandar Toloue
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the bridging role of first-tier suppliers in diffusing sustainability in supply networks and how this role is facilitated by the procurement function.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on an embedded case study of two supply networks of a coffee beans roasting company. The embedded cases focus on coffee beans and packaging supply networks.

Findings

The findings reveal less than expected involvement of the focal company and its procurement function in sustainability implementation with first-tier suppliers. Instead, sustainability diffuses upstream to lower-tier suppliers but also downstream, against the tide, as a result of the various bridging roles performed by first-tier suppliers.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides two theoretical contributions. First, it contributes to the sustainable supply network management literature by providing rich insights on sustainability diffusion to lower-tier suppliers and the role of first-tier suppliers in this process. Second, the paper contributes to structural hole theory by revealing a typology of bridging roles that actors, such as suppliers, undertake in the sustainability context.

Practical implications

The paper provides managers with practical insights on how sustainability can be diffused in the supply network and the different roles that first-tier suppliers can play in this direction.

Originality/value

This paper shows that sustainability diffusion to lower-tier suppliers is possible in the absence of focal company procurement involvement when bridging roles are undertaken by first-tier suppliers and their procurement functions are involved in the implementation process. These bridging roles facilitate sustainability diffusion both upstream and downstream.
The influence of personalized learning intervention system on student learning a study of junior middle school
Authors: Zhou Yingge , Ye Xindong , Liu Yujiao
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to build a personalized learning intervention system, which can support students' personalized learning, improve teachers' teaching efficiency and students' learning effect.

Design/methodology/approach

The research proposes a personalized learning intervention method based on a collaborative filtering algorithm and knowledge map. The application of knowledge map makes learning content organized, and the use of collaborative filtering algorithm makes it possible to provide personalized learning recommendations for students. This personalized learning intervention system can monitor students' learning development and achieve the combination of personalized and efficiency. For the study, 152 seventh graders were assigned to a control group and an experimental group. Traditional learning intervention was used in the control group, and individualized learning intervention was used in the experimental group.

Findings

SPSS was used for data organization and analysis. The effectiveness of the personalized learning intervention system is verified by quasi-experimental research, and the influence of the system on students' learning effect is discussed. The result found that personalized learning interventions were more effective than traditional approaches in improving students’ achievement. However, for students of different learning levels, personalized learning intervention system has different effects on learning confidence and learning anxiety.

Originality/value

The personalized learning intervention system based on the collaborative filtering algorithm and knowledge map is effective in improving learning effect. And, it also has a certain influence on students' psychology.
Big Data analytics and financial reporting quality: qualitative evidence from Canada
Authors: Saleh Isam , Marei Yahya , Ayoush Maha , Abu Afifa Malik Muneer
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Big Data analytics (BDA) and its implications for the accounting profession continue to be a key issue that requires more research and evaluation. As a result, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of BDA on financial reporting quality, as well as to assess the accounting challenges associated with Big Data. It provides qualitative evidence from Canada.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a qualitative approach to ascertain the thoughts and perceptions of auditors, financial analysts and accountants at Canadian audit and accounting firms in BDA and its impact on financial reporting quality, using semi-structured interviews. To obtain their consent to participate in the interview, 127 auditors, financial analysts and accountants from Canadian audit and accounting firms were initially approached. The final number of respondents was 41, representing a response rate of 32%.

Findings

The authors’ findings underscored the relevance of Big Data and BDA in affecting financial report quality and revealed that BDA had a significant effect on improving financial reporting quality. Big Data improves accounting reporting and expert judgment by providing professional. In summary, participants agreed that when analytical methods in Big Data are implemented effectively, businesses may possibly achieve a variety of benefits, including customized goods, simplified processes, improved risk assessment process and, finally, increased risk management.

Practical implications

The authors’ findings indicate that BDA may help predict investment returns and risks, estimate future investment opportunities, forecast revenues, detect fraud and susceptibility early and identify economic growth opportunities. As a result, auditors, financial analysts, accountants, investors and other strategic decision-makers should be aware of these findings to make informed choices.

Originality/value

Big Data has become the norm in recent years; accountants and other decision-makers have struggled to analyze massive amounts of data. This limits their capacity to profit from such data even more. Therefore, this study is motivated by the lack of research on Big Data’s influence on financial report quality.
Technology transfer performance of public research institutes: the case of Romania
Authors: Huian Maria Carmen , Bisogno Marco , Mironiuc Marilena
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study was aimed at testing whether the technology transfer performance of Romanian public research institutes—measured as the ability to generate patented technology—was positively related to institutional, human, commercial and financial factors.

Design/methodology/approach

A non-negative integer count data model was implemented to investigate a large sample of Romanian public research institutes in the period 2012–2019.

Findings

The results confirmed the positive influence of qualified human resources and commercial resources (technology transfer offices and spinoffs). Institutional factors were also relevant alongside the research field.

Research limitations/implications

The paper has limitations inherent to an investigation conducted in an emerging economy, with a low innovative culture and little interest in technology transfer. Although the analysis focused on a specific country, the findings obtained may be extended to other contexts.

Practical implications

To increase their technology transfer, managers of public research institutes and governmental authorities are suggested to implement structural changes and incentives regarding the skilled human capital, the entrepreneurial knowledge and efforts, and the provision of financial resources.

Social implications

Results showed that emerging innovator countries, such as Romania, should stimulate human capital to get involved in commercial activities, as interactions between public research institutes and the private sector generate economic, social, and environmental benefits.

Originality/value

This study concentrated on the performance evaluation of research and development activities carried out by public research institutes. Therefore, it contributes to a broad strand of literature which has essentially focused on universities, paying less attention to the contributions to scientific research of other organisations, such as public research institutes.
The role of integrated reporting in communicating adherence to stakeholder capitalism principles during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dyczkowska Joanna , Krasodomska Joanna , Robertson Fiona
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Stakeholder capitalism (SC) advocates that organisations should focus on creating long-term value for all key stakeholders rather than maximising short-term profits for shareholders. This paper aims to explore whether and how business organisations have applied stakeholder capitalism principles (SCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these efforts were communicated in integrated reports.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on the content analysis of the text extracted from the integrated reports of 22 companies categorised as excellent in the 2020 EY Excellence in Integrated Reporting Award 2020. The research material consisted of paragraphs that reflected how the company observed the SCPs in practice.

Findings

The stakeholder responsibility principle was the most represented by the examined companies, followed by the principles of continuous creation, stakeholder engagement and stakeholder cooperation. The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled the necessity of implementing innovative solutions to counteract the virus's spread. It has also spurred the need for two-way digitalised communication between the executives and stakeholders. The new situation also required collaborative approaches in the forms of partnerships, joint initiatives and programmes to ensure employee safety and help communities recover from the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.

Originality/value

This study links SC with integrated reporting (IR) and contributes to the literature by providing new insights into how SCPs have been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. This discussion suggests that whereas these principles determine how the companies must act to satisfy stakeholders expectations, integrating reporting may help develop a report that is stakeholder-oriented and which responds to their information needs.
Adopting green and sustainable practices in the hotel industry operations- an analysis of critical performance indicators for improved environmental quality
Authors: Prakash Surya , Sharma Vijay Prakash , Singh Ranbir , Vijayvargy Lokesh , Nilaish
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to address the adoption issues of green and sustainable practices in the hotel industry. The study identifies critical performance indicators (CPIs) and utilizes Hotel Carbon Management Initiative (HCMI) framework to prioritize CPIs for achieving a robust adoption framework for green and sustainable practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The hotel industry is driven by changing ecological degradation, and it is necessary to achieve feasible development goals. This research article formulates the CPIs derived from HCMI and decision-making model is created using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

Findings

In this research, CPIs of HCMI are considered and aim to formulate five major CPIs of HCMI, namely air pollution, energy efficiency, water conservation, noise pollution and waste management. The study identifies the need for better control and sustainable growth in the Indian hotel industry with minimum carbon emissions coupled with the green approach adoption.

Research limitations/implications

The CPIs work on minimization of risks and maximizing optimality of return on investment. The development of the hotel industry will be improved and immensely welcomed by capping the carbon emission with the green initiatives. This research is limited as urban hotels are surveyed in this study.

Originality/value

This work makes a valid argument to establish HCMI as a model initiative for environment quality improvement and further extension of other activities in the hospitality sector and scale-up sustainable practices for future-ready circular economies.
Evaluating hate crime third party reporting services: perspectives from voluntary advisors
Authors: Fitch-Bartlett Henry Charles , Healy Jane
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Third party reporting (TPR) services provide a route for victims of hate crime to report their experiences to an organisation other than the police. There is repeated evidence of under-reporting of hate crimes within the UK, and many victims of hate crime are unaware of the existence of TPR mechanisms. Little research attention has been given to understanding of the merits of TPR, beyond evaluating how often they are used. This study aims to explore the delivery of TPR from an advisor perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The research evaluated a small TPR centre based within a charitable organisation. The research, part of an undergraduate study, analysed the experiences of volunteer advisors working on the service through a semi-structured questionnaire.

Findings

Results were mixed. Findings indicated the service contributed to an enhanced awareness of hate crimes in the community; however, greater promotion of the TPR centre was advocated. The results also indicated a significant lack of understanding and knowledge by trained volunteer advisors about hate crimes.

Social implications

A lack of informed awareness of what hate crimes are could result in victims of hate crime not being recognised or supported as such.

Originality/value

Most hate crime research is victim centred, and this study is innovative in looking at those receiving hate crime reports. There is limited evidence on TPR service provision in the UK, particularly on service delivery staff, and this research contributes to the gap in knowledge.
Interactions among wildfire, forest type and landscape position are key determinants of boreal forest carbon stocks
Authors: Cahoon Sean M. P. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Gray Andrew N.
Published: July 2022

Boreal forest soils contain large stocks of soil carbon (C) that may be sensitive to changes in climate and disturbance. Destablization of boreal forest soil C through changes in C inputs, belowground C pools and/or wildfire could feedback to accelerate rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Additionally, increasing frequency of severe fires may be changing the dominant forest types and reshaping aboveground C stocks.

Although controls on ecosystem C pools have received considerable attention, many studies have been limited to locations near the road system, leading to uncertainty in current and future C stocks across boreal Alaska. Here, we leveraged 545 randomly selected and spatially balanced Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots across ~13.5 million hectares in interior Alaska to examine the factors governing soil and live tree C pools.

Forest type mediated the effects of mean summer air temperature and the probability of near‐surface permafrost on soil C. Meanwhile, forest type, stand age and aspect were the primary drivers of live tree C. Overall, plots with a known history of wildfire during the past 70 years did not have significantly different soil C stocks than plots without a known history of fire, likely due to the historical predominance of low severity fires.

Where wildfire likely initiated a transition to deciduous trees (19% of plots), live tree and soil C pools were reduced by 16% and 20%, respectively. Ecosystem C likely recovered over time, as maturing deciduous stands rapidly gained C in live trees. Deciduous stands without a known fire had comparatively very large live tree C stocks, suggesting a significant change in the distribution of ecosystem C following severe fire.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the nuanced interactions among wildfire, landscape position and forest type that will play important roles in shaping future boreal ecosystem C stocks.
Following the trail of the elusive proboscis monkey in Borneo
Authors: Matsuda Ikki
Published: July 2022

For decades, knowledge about the endangered proboscis monkey was gleaned from limited information about their behavior from boat surveys conducted along riverbanks, where the monkeys rest during the early morning and late afternoon. This was due to the dense and swampy habitats they live in, which made them nearly impossible to track once they moved into inland forests. By conducting full‐day continuous observations on foot in riverine forests in Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia, alongside my colleagues, we produced pioneering research about this species. Conducted over a period of more than 15 years since 2005, our studies have resulted in the comprehensive collection of information about the proboscis monkey with regards to its feeding and ranging behaviors as well as novel findings about its fascinating digestive strategy of rumination and the unique functionality of its “odd‐nose.”
Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances
Authors: Etxabide Alaitz , Young Brent , Bremer Phil J. , Kilmartin Paul A.
Published: July 2022

Almost all processed food comes packaged in either plastic, glass, metal, or paper and paperboard materials, and many packaging materials are disposed of after a single use (linear economy). Based on the concept of a circular economy, the recycling of food packaging materials has become one of the main targets for industries and regulators around the world. However, recycling presents particular challenges, mainly related to the recycled material composition, which determines its reusability, application, functionality, and chemical safety. In this latter matter, it has been demonstrated that the use of recycled food packaging materials increases the number and possible sources of substances that could be present in the packaging material, which is of concern as substances that can migrate into food and cause health hazards upon consumption. This review compiles information regarding substances detected in non‐permanent food packaging materials, focusing mainly on plastics, paper, and paperboards. The compilation of literature studies (110 research articles) on the presence of intentionally added substances (IAS) and non‐intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials, their migration, toxicity, and dietary exposure has been summarized, evaluated, and discussed. In addition, current sustainable food packaging trends have been mentioned. Finally, approaches to reduce the presence, migration, and potential exposure to substances that have migrated from packaging materials into food have been reviewed.
Heterogeneity or transformation? A whack‐a‐mole case of EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Ninomaru Taira , Hata Akito , Hara Shigeo , Komatsu Masato
Published: July 2022

Histological transformation from adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) occurs ~10% after acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Transformed SCLC generally responds well to chemotherapy regimens for SCLC such as platinum plus etoposide. After the response, histological nature and clinical course could be complicated by possible heterogeneity or transformation. Therefore, monitoring rebiospy is desirable to seize its histological nature at that moment. We report a case of EGFR‐mutated adenocarcinoma, where histological transformations from adenocarcinoma and SCLC alternated. In this case, first rebiopsy after gefitinib revealed adenocarcinoma, but second rebiopsy after osimertinib identified SCLC transformation. After failure of platinum plus etoposide, adenocarcinoma‐induced leptomeningeal metastases were controlled by osimertinib reintroduction. Optimal therapies could be provided according to the result of monitoring rebiopsy.
A comprehensive study of alternative splicing in malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies potential therapeutic targets in a new cluster with poor survival
Authors: Shao Ming‐Ming , Qiao Xin , Chen Qing‐Yu , Yi Feng‐Shuang
Published: July 2022

Background

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is one of the most aggressive tumors with few effective treatments worldwide. It has been suggested that alternative splicing at the transcriptome level plays an indispensable role in MPM.

Methods

We analyzed the splicing profile of 84 MPM patients from the TCGA cohort by using seven typical splicing types. We classified MPM patients based on their splicing status and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between the splicing classification and clinical characteristics, genetic variation, pathway changes, immune heterogeneity, and potential therapeutic targets.

Results

The expression of the alternative splicing regulator SRPK1 is significantly higher in MPM tissues than in normal tissues, and correlates with poor survival. SRPK1 deficiency promotes MPM cell apoptosis and inhibits cell migration in vitro. We divided the MPM patients into four clusters based on their splicing profile and identified two clusters associated with the shortest (cluster 3) and longest (cluster 4) survival time. We present the different gene signatures of each cluster that are related to survival and splicing. Comprehensive analysis of data from the GDSC and TCGA databases revealed that cluster 3 MPM patients could respond well to the small‐molecule inhibitor CHIR‐99021, a small‐molecule inhibitor of GSK‐3.

Conclusion

We performed unsupervised clustering of alternative splicing data from 84 MPM patients from the TCGA database and identified a cluster associated with the worst prognosis that was sensitive to a GSK‐3 inhibitor.
Pulmonary completion lobectomy after segmentectomy: An integrated analysis of perioperative outcomes
Authors: Liu Yu‐Wei , Kao Chieh‐Ni , Chiang Hung‐Hsing , Lee Jui‐Ying , Li Hsien‐Pin , Chang Po‐Chih , Chou Shah‐Hwa
Published: July 2022

Background

Completion lobectomy (CL) after anatomical segmentectomy is technically challenging and rarely performed. Here, we aimed to report perioperative outcomes of a single center real‐world CL data.

Methods

Seven patients who underwent CL after segmentectomy were retrospectively evaluated between 2015–2021. Additionally, 34 patients were included in the review based on relevant studies in the literature until March 2022. A total of 41 patients were finally analyzed and classified into groups, according to surgical approach (video‐assisted thoracic surgery [VATS] and thoracotomy; 12 and 29 patients, respectively) or interval‐to‐CL following initial segmentectomy (≤8 weeks [short] and >8 weeks [long]; 11 and 30 patients, respectively).

Results

There were no significant differences in estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, or complications between the predefined groups. However, a longer operative time was observed in the long interval‐to‐CL group than in the short interval‐to‐CL group (267 vs. 226 min, p = 0.02). The rate of severe hilar adhesions was higher in the thoracotomy versus VATS groups (72 vs. 42%, p = 0.06) and in the long versus short interval‐to‐CL groups (70 vs. 45%, p = 0.15). On multivariable logistic regression analysis of a subgroup (n = 30), completion lobectomy of upper lobes may be associated with severe hilar adhesions (p = 0.02, odds ratio: 13.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–143.71).

Conclusion

Completion lobectomy after segmentectomy can be performed securely by either VATS or thoracotomy. Although the thoracotomy and long interval‐to‐CL groups retained a greater percentage of severe hilar adhesions, the perioperative outcomes were similar to those of VATS and short interval‐to‐CL groups, respectively.
Epidemiology of delirium in hospitalized patients in Latin America: A systematic review
Authors: Bravo Maximiliano , Bustos Sebastian , Acuña Estefania , Cisternas Irma , Gutierrez Pedro , Vega Daniela P. Ponce de la , Castro Roberta , Tobar Eduardo , Maldonado Jose , Salech Felipe
Published: July 2022

Background

Accurate epidemiological data are essential for the planning of policies aimed at the identification, prevention, and management of delirium. The reported occurrence of delirium in hospitalized patients varies widely among studies, ranging between 5% to more than 80% in the international literature. The exact occurrence in Latin America is not well described.

Objective

The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the published data on the epidemiology of delirium in hospitalized patients in Latin America.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Both MEDLINE and LILACS databases were searched for original research articles reporting the occurrence of delirium among adult hospitalized patients in Latin American countries. Studies including pediatric populations were excluded from this analysis. Two authors independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed quality, and extracted data. The corresponding authors of the original articles were contacted to obtain relevant information about the study when this was not present in the published manuscripts.

Results

Seven hundred and eighteen original articles were identified. After screening titles and abstracts, 149 studies were included in the final analysis. The occurrence of delirium varied depending on the clinical scenario: (1) in the general medico‐surgical wards, it ranged from 2.1% to 60.4%, (2) in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs), from 9.6% to 94.8%, (3) in the post‐operatory population, from 5.45% and 52.3%, and (4) it was found to be between 10.7% and 62% in the emergency department setting. The most used delirium assessment tools were the “Confusion Assessment Method” (CAM; in the general population), and the “Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU” (CAM‐ICU). Fourteen out of 149 studies were conducted in clinical settings who actively implemented some form of non‐pharmacological delirium prevention bundles, most of them as part of ICU sedation‐analgesia protocols.

Conclusion

Delirium occurs frequently in hospitalized patients in Latin America throughout a variety of clinical scenarios, including ICU, general wards, post‐operatory populations, and among the emergency department setting. The CAM and the CAM‐ICU are the most used delirium assessment tools. Bundles of non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium are not universally implemented.
Posttraumatic stress disorder strengthens the momentary associations between emotion dysregulation and substance use: a micro‐longitudinal study of community women experiencing intimate partner violence
Authors: Weiss Nicole H. , Brick Leslie A. , Schick Melissa R. , Forkus Shannon R. , Raudales Alexa M. , Contractor Ateka A. , Sullivan Tami P.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

A fast‐growing body of literature linking emotion dysregulation to substance use has almost exclusively relied on cross‐sectional designs and has generally failed to assess dysregulation stemming from positive emotions. The current study measured the momentary associations between both negative and positive emotion dysregulation and substance use, as well as the moderating role of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Design

Micro‐longitudinal momentary data were collected three times per day for 30 days using phone‐based interactive voice recording.

Setting

Northeastern United States.

Participants

A total of 145 community women (M, age = 40.56, 40.3% white) experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances were recruited from 2018 until 2020.

Measurements

Momentary surveys assessed negative and positive emotion dysregulation and alcohol, drug, and cigarette use. PTSD diagnosis was derived from a structured diagnostic interview.

Findings

Between‐person relations that remained significant after covariate adjustment and correction for multiple testing were found for negative emotion dysregulation and both number of drinks (internal rate of return [IRR] = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.93; β = 0.37) and drug use (OR = 3.78; 95% CI = 1.86, 7.69; β = 1.33), and positive emotion dysregulation and number of cigarettes (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.82; β = 0.34). Of six interactions tests, PTSD was only shown to moderate the within‐person relation between positive emotion dysregulation and drug use, even after controlling for relevant covariates and adjusting for multiple testing (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.51; β = 0.23), such that women experiencing intimate partner violence with versus without PTSD were more likely to use drugs when experiencing periods of elevated positive emotion dysregulation.

Conclusions

Women experiencing intimate partner violence with higher levels of negative dysregulation relative to others may use more alcohol and be more likely to use drugs. Women experiencing intimate partner violence with higher levels of positive dysregulation relative to others may use more cigarettes. Women experiencing intimate partner violence who also have posttraumatic stress disorder may be more likely to use drugs when experiencing momentary elevated levels of positive emotion dysregulation than those who do not also have posttraumatic stress disorder.
The Red Blanket Protocol in a tertiary centre in Aotearoa New Zealand: does this trauma protocol improve time to surgery and clinical outcomes?
Authors: Mohamed Fardowsa , Grinlinton Megan , Henshall Kevin , Cox Murray , MacCormick Andrew D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients who are haemodynamically unstable from surgical emergencies require prompt surgical intervention, and delay to surgery may lead to poorer clinical outcomes. The Red Blanket Protocol (RBP) is a communication algorithm intended to facilitate surgery as expediently and safely as possible. By developing a protocol for these channels of communication, RBP may reduce the time to surgical intervention and improve patient outcomes. Our aim was to identify whether patient outcomes, including time to surgery, blood product use and survival were improved by the Red Blanket protocol.

Methods

Haemodynamically unstable adults in Middlemore Hospital, Aotearoa New Zealand from 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2015 were compared with RBP patients from 1/4/2017 to 1/4/2020. Time from emergency department (ED) to knife‐to‐skin (KTS) was compared between the groups. The number of blood products used, LOS and 30‐ and 90‐day survival were also compared between the pre‐protocol and RBP groups.

Results

Thirty‐two patients were identified in the pre‐protocol group, and 25 in the RBP group. The median time from ED to KTS reduced from 84 to 70.5 min after the implementation of RBP (P = 0.044). The median number of blood products was 21 pre‐protocol and 11.5 in the RBP group (P = 0.102). The median LOS was 8 versus 4 days in the RBP group (P = 0.204). 30‐day survival rate was comparable in the two groups (65% versus 60% (P 0.71)).

Conclusion

RBP was associated with a shorter time to knife‐to‐skin for haemodynamically unstable patients. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups. Larger studies are required to assess clinical outcomes of the RBP.
Oncological and urinary outcomes following low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy with a median follow‐up of 11.8 years
Authors: Yaxley William John , Mackean James , Desai Devang J. , Tsang Gail , Dixon Judi , Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Egevad Lars , Gardiner Robert A. , Yaxley John William
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To examine the long‐term oncological outcomes and urological morbidity of low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy (LDRBT) monotherapy using live intraoperative dosimetry planning and an automated needle navigation delivery system for the treatment of men with low and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods

A prospective database of 400 consecutive patients who underwent LDRBT between July 2003 and June 2015 was retrospectively reviewed to assess urinary side‐effects and biochemical progression, based on the Phoenix definition and also a definition of a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≥0.2 μg/L.

Results

Minimum patient follow‐up was 5.5 years. The median follow‐up of the entire cohort was 11.8 years. The median (range) PSA level was 6.1 (0.9–17) μg/L and the median Gleason score was 3 + 4. The biochemical relapse‐free survival (RFS; freedom from biochemical recurrence) based on the Phoenix definition was 85.8% (343/400). The RFS using a ‘surgical’ definition of a PSA level of <0.2 μg/L was 71% (284/400). Of the 297 men followed for ≥10 years, prostate cancer‐specific survival (PCSS) was 98% (291/297). Post‐LDRBT urethral stricture developed in 11 men (2.8%, 11/400). For men with ≥10 years of follow‐up, 22 men (7.4%, 22/297) required a pad for either stress or urge urinary incontinence (UI). UI was identified in only 2.2% (one of 46) of men who had a bladder neck incision (BNI) before LDRBT.

Conclusion

LDRBT is associated with excellent PCSS, with a median follow‐up of 11.8 years. The risk of post‐implantation urethral stricture and UI is low and a pre‐implantation BNI for management of bladder outflow obstruction does not increase the risk of UI or urethral stricture.