bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Policy-driven Dimensions of Teacher Beliefs about Assessment Assessment
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Alonzo Dennis , Labad Velma ,   University of Southeastern, Philippines, Bejano Jean ,   University of Southeastern, Philippines, Guerra Florence ,   University of Southeastern, Philippines
Published: May 2021

Despite the advancement of the conceptualisations of teacher assessment literacy, teachers’ assessment practices remain relatively low due to misalignment between teachers’ beliefs on assessment and principles of effective assessment practices. The currentassessment reform in the Philippines has not gained significant traction despite the ongoing professional development programs focused on enhancing teacher assessment literacy. We argue that to change teachers’ exam-dominated assessment practices towards a more student-centred approach, there is a need to explore teachers’ beliefs in assessment. Hence, we developed a context-driven tool using both theoretical and empirical approaches that could measure this construct, and which the results could provide a stronger foundation for professional development program. Factor analyses extracted nine dimensions that describe teachers’ assessment beliefs: assessment for professional learning, for motivation, for measurement, for planning, for engagement, for learning, for evaluation, for norm-referencing and for instructional accountability. Implications of findings for teacher professional development and practice are discussed.
Movimentos de formação de professores (de Matemática) em dois municípios mato-grossenses
Authors: Miranda Bruna Camila Both , Both Eliete Grasiela
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é resultado de duas pesquisas de pós-graduação, desenvolvidas por meio da metodologia da História Oral (HO), e trata dos movimentos oficiais de formação de professores (de Matemática), em recortes temporais compreendidos na segunda metade do século XX, ocorridos em dois municípios mato-grossenses: Cuiabá e Barra do Garças. Similaridades podem ser encontradas entre esses processos, os resultados analisados permitem perceber os signos da carência e da urgência ditando as políticas formativas implantadas em ambos os municípios, além de características comuns sobre a compreensão institucional de formação docente. As discussões possibilitam, ainda, identificar particularidades locais, com relação aos movimentos estudados.
A Coleção Matemática, Metodologia e Complementos para professores primários, de Ruy Madsen Barbosa: uma análise
Authors: Garnica Antonio Vicente Marafioti , Milanez Natalia Cristina
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a coleção Matemática, metodologia e complementos para professores primários, utilizando o referencial teórico metodológico da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, proposto por Thompson (1995), em conjunto com a ideia de Paratextos Editoriais, de Genette (2009). A Coleção, cujo autor é Ruy Madsen Barbosa e cuja primeira edição é de 1966, é composta por três volumes. A análise dessa obra nos permite apontar tanto elementos que, nela, nos pareceram inovadores do ponto de vista didático e pedagógico, quanto o modo como, nela, aparentemente, seu autor defende valores próprios à prática científica da Matemática em detrimento do que se considera ser adequado como guia à formação de professores.
Professores de ensino religioso: estudo exploratório sobre sua atuação profissional
Authors: Saraiva Alexsandro Macêdo , Farias Isabel Maria Sabino de
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise a atuação profissional dos professores da disciplina de Ensino Religioso na rede municipal de uma cidade no Estado do Ceará e objetiva compreender a percepção destes sobre o Ensino Religioso e o modo como eles constroem suas práticas pedagógicas, tomando como base teórica o debate sobre desenvolvimento profissional docente (MARCELO, 2009; NÓVOA, 2009, FORMOSINHO, 2009; IMBERNÓN, 2011). Nesta pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, os dados foram produzidos por meio de um questionário on line, respondido por 30 professores. Os resultados demonstraram que os professores vivenciam em seu trabalho a precarização, a falta de apoio institucional e uma busca solitária e individual de construção dos aportes teórico-metodológicos para a disciplina. Concluímos que faz-se necessário realizar políticas de gestão e acompanhamento formativo destes docentes, de modo que as problemáticas no âmbito desta disciplina possam ser minoradas.
Alcides Greca, un intelectual entre la ­política y la intervención cultural (1916-1930)
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandra Fabiana
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se pretende esbozar un acercamiento a los itinerarios, la formación académica y las estrategias de intervención que desarrolló Alcides Greca en el campo cultural y en el sistema político provincial y nacional, durante el período signado por la primera experiencia democrática en el país, que se desplegó entre 1916 y 1930. Se plantean algunas líneas acerca del vínculo con el reformismo universitario y con el radicalismo, partido político al que perteneció y representó en ese tiempo. Por último, se intenta identificar el tipo de inscripción y vinculación que tuvo con los procesos de modernización social y cultural del momento, teniendo en cuenta que es considerado un precursor del cine político en nuestro país.
Análisis de consumos audiovisuales en la década del 60 en localidades de Entre Ríos.
Authors: Miranda Javier , Perticará Mariana
Published: May 2021

A través del presente artículo socializamos algunas de las estrategias metodológicas que utilizamos para estudiar los consumos audiovisuales en la década del 60 en tres ciudades de la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. En nuestras reflexiones exponemos los resultados de la investigación desarrollada en las ciudades de La Paz (situada en la costa del río Paraná), Gualeguay (en la región centro-sur de la provincia, sobre la margen izquierda del río homónimo) y Colón (sobre el río Uruguay lindante con la República Oriental del Uruguay y próxima a la ciudad de Paysandú). Referiremos a los modos en que orientamos el trabajo de campo a partir de técnicas como entrevistas a residentes mayores de 65 años de las localidades mencionadas, espectadores de la época y trabajadores vinculados con las salas de proyección; identificación y construcción de fuentes documentales, observación directa de las salas de cine en la actualidad. Particularmente abordaremos aspectos relacionados con los modos en que la asistencia al cine se entrelaza con formas de vida de la época en las localidades estudiadas, así como la cobertura del medio cinematográfico en la prensa local.
El consumo y la experiencia de la modernidad en América Latina
Authors: Hernández Araya Roberto
Published: May 2021

El artículo destaca el lugar primordial del consumo en la configuración del significado de la experiencia moderna, observando con especial atención el camino propio que muestra esta articulación en América Latina. Al respecto, el análisis se refiere a algunas propuestas interpretativas originadas en la región, tanto de tenor crítico como de carácter generativo, postulándose, en este último caso, la necesidad de concebir al consumo como una dimensión cultural indispensable para la convivencia democrática en nuestras sociedades.
Caso Clínico: Luxación Controlada de Cadera. Epifisiólisis de Cabeza Femoral
Authors: Bravo Aguilar Christian Romeo , Bravo Aguilar Franklin Xavier , Guzmán Villa Adriana Abigail
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The epiphysiolysis of the femoral head is the displacement of the epiphysis with respect to the metaphysis, in anterosuperior direction; it is etiology is unknown, frequent in adolescents, peripubertal period, and with high body mass index, average age between 12 and 18 years. It is incidence is variable, 0.2 (Japan) to 10 (United States) per 100 000 inhabitants. It is characterized by progressive pain in the hip, with irradiation to the groin or knee, is associated with lameness; with the early detection, an adequate treatment can be established, the most accepted one is the in situ fixation with central screws. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old female patient with no pathological history attended the Children's Orthopedic Service due to the chronic lancinating pain of the right hip, which increases with walking, it is diagnosed by clinical examination and complementary exams of femoral head epiphysiolysis. Surgical dislocation of the hip and anatomical open reduction with placement of spongy screws was performed. EVOLUTION: On the third day of surgery, hospital discharge is decided; walking with crutches and without support during a postoperative month. The osteosynthesis remained for a year with monthly controls and corresponding physiotherapy; it has been evidenced favorable evolution; hip mobility arches preserved, normal ambulation, without complications CONCLUSIONS: The initial treatment of a patient with epiphysiolysis of stable femoral head depends on the evolution time and is done by fixing with screws or needles with of anatomical dislocation of the hip and osteoplasty of femoral neck remodeling. Most patients do not develop necrosis or chondro- lysis and long-term results with in situ fixation are usually excellent, unlike patients with late diagnosis.
Caso Clínico: Carcinoma Papilar Sólido de Mama
Authors: Vintimilla Pogo Yolanda Elisabeth , Erráez Jaramillo Pablo José
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of mammary carcinomas corresponding to 1 – 2 % and mainly in postmenopausal women. It is diagnosis from the clinical, imaging and pathological point of view is difficult. The treatment is not standardized due to the low percentage of cases reported, conservative surgery, radiotherapy is currently accepted, and controversy exists in hormone therapy and axillary emptying, as lymph node metastases amount to only 2 %. It is prognosis is good and the most common complication is local recurrence. CASE REPORT: An 80-year-old female patient attended the consultation by presented a mass at the level of the left breast when performing the self-examination, where identified a 2 cm nodule. EVOLUTION: Mammography, mammary ultrasound and mammary cytology outcome in a tumor, was initially considered as Phyllodes. After the diagnosis a lumpectomy was performed, and the pathology of the surgical piece was of a solid papillary carcinoma, then received radiotherapy and surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Self-examination was a fundamental pillar in the diagnosis of this case and alerts the patient to seek medical assessment. Being a rare case, the definitive diagnosis was pathology.
Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Awurum Jennifer Chidera , Onikanni Sunday Amos , Adefolalu Adedotun , Oluba Olarewaju Michael
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The current study evaluates the protective role of aqueous extract of Sterculia tragacantha leaf (AESTL) on pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67 and GLP-1R) and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Diabetes mellitus was induced into the experimental Wistar animals via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and 5% glucose water was given to the rats for 24 h after induction. The animals were categorized into five groups of 10 rats each as follows normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered AESTL (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and diabetic rats administered metformin (200 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized, blood sample collected, pancreas harvested and some pancreatic gene expressions (such as insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R)s as well as oxidative stress parameters were analyzed.

Results

The results revealed that AESTL significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food and water intake, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered different doses of AESTL showed a substantial upsurge in body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R).

Conclusions

It can therefore be concluded that AESTL has the ability to protect the pancreas during diabetes mellitus conditions.
Social media and learning in an era of coronavirus among chemistry students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State
Authors: Worokwu Chinda , Chinda Kechinyere
Published: May 2021

The study examined the awareness level of social networking site and how it is applied for learning in an era of coronavirus by Chemistry students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State Nigeria. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the analytic descriptive survey design. One hundred and sixty undergraduate students from Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE) and Rivers State University (RSU) were randomly selected for the study. The instrument for data collection was a researcher made questionnaire titled social media awareness and application for learning in COVID-19. The consistency coefficient of the instrument was determined by Pearson product moment as a measure of its stability over time. The reliability coefficient of the instruments was 0.95. The instrument was administered to the students online via their numerous class social media platforms. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were the statistical tools used for data analysis. The result reveals that students are aware of social media for learning such as Zoom, WhatsApp, Facebook etc. A second outcome of this investigation showed that there is poor application or used of social networking site for learning among Chemistry students in Rivers State owned universities, it was also found out that finance, travel restriction, assessment and evaluation, poor internet reception, availability of electricity and others were identified as challenges while mental health of student, lack of pre-class preparation and associating with real friends were not considered to be challenges to the use of social media for learning. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the level of awareness between IAUE students and those of RSU in the use of social network site for learning. The extent to which students apply social media for learning does not depend on university type. Based on the above results, it was recommended among others that universities in Rivers State should endeavor to engage their students in training that will avail them the opportunity to apply or utilize effectively social media in their learning activities.
A time of transition: changes in Irish food behaviour and potential implications due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Henchion M. , McCarthy S.N. , McCarthy M.
Published: May 2021

Consumers’ food choice decisions are generally relatively stable over time; consumers engage in habitual decision-making due to the high frequency of such decisions for efficiency reasons. As a result, habits are strong predictors of eating behaviour. However, changes in the life of the individual or the external environment can result in more conscious consideration of food choice motives and a transition to new patterns of behaviour to fit the new context. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is examined in this paper as a particularly useful case of how a change in context affects food choice trajectories. Drawing on results from an online survey of 651 food consumers in Ireland, it examines food planning, shopping, preparation and eating behaviour, including stockpiling and influences on decision-making. Overall, it finds significant evidence of a transition towards new patterns of behaviours, with two distinct clusters identified – the “Covid copers” and the “restless restrictors”. For both groups, the shopping experience has become stressful resulting in reduced frequency of shopping and higher levels of planning. Conversely, time pressures related to cooking have reduced, with enjoyment associated with such activities. This is also reflected in stockpiling behaviour; the top three foods most likely to have been stockpiled in Ireland were pasta/rice, eggs and flour, reflecting the nation’s desire to bake and cook during the pandemic. These behaviours are discussed in the context of emerging supply chain actor responses, with considerations for future strategic decisions identified, along with some opportunities for public health nutrition interventions.
A woman with visual loss, amenorrhoea and polyuria: the first reported case of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with hypopituitarism
Authors: Seymour Matthew , Robertson Thomas , Papacostas Jason , Morris Kirk , Gillespie Jennifer , Norris Debra , Duncan Emma L
Published: May 2021

A 34-year-old woman presented 18 months post-partum with blurred vision, polyuria, amenorrhoea, headache and general malaise. Comprehensive clinical examination showed left superior temporal visual loss only. Initial investigations revealed panhypopituitarism and MRI demonstrated a sellar mass involving the infundibulum and hypothalamus. Lymphocytic hypophysitis was suspected and high dose glucocorticoids were commenced along with desmopressin and thyroxine. However, her vision rapidly deteriorated. At surgical biopsy, an irresectable grey amorphous mass involving the optic chiasm was identified. Histopathology was initially reported as granulomatous hypophysitis. Despite the ongoing treatment with glucocorticoids, her vision worsened to light detection only. Histopathological review revised the diagnosis to partially treated lymphoma. A PET scan demonstrated avid uptake in the pituitary gland in addition to splenic involvement, lymphadenopathy above and below the diaphragm, and a bone lesion. Excisional node biopsy of an impalpable infraclavicular lymph node confirmed nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Hyper-CVAD chemotherapy was commenced, along with rituximab; fluid-balance management during chemotherapy (with its requisite large fluid volumes) was extremely complex given her diabetes insipidus. The patient is now in clinical remission. Panhypopituitarism persists; however, her vision has recovered sufficiently for reading large print and driving. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Hodgkin lymphoma presenting initially as hypopituitarism.

Learning points

Lymphoma involving the pituitary is exceedingly rare and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as hypopituitarism.

There are myriad causes of a sellar mass and this case highlights the importance of reconsidering the diagnosis when patients fail to respond as expected to appropriate therapeutic intervention.

This case highlights the difficulties associated with managing panhypopituitary patients receiving chemotherapy, particularly when this involves large volumes of i.v. hydration fluid.
Thermal and kinetic behaviors of corn stover and polyethylene in catalytic co-pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Lin Xiaona , Li Zhihe , Yi Weiming , Bai Xueyuan
Published: May 2021

Thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), corn stover (CS), and their blended mixture (1:1 w/w ratio) during non-catalytic and catalytic co-pyrolysis were studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated synergetic interactions between the biomass and the plastics during co-pyrolysis as measured by weight loss (ΔW); this effect was attributed to radical interactions during co-pyrolysis. The pyrolysis catalysts with higher nickel loadings (5%, 10%, and 15%) appreciably diminished the solid residue. Kinetic studies indicated that the pyrolysis was a first-order reaction based on the fitted thermogravimetric data. The activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A) ranged between 26.13 kJ/mol to 392.67 kJ/mol and between 156.24 min-1 to 9.19 x 1023 min-1, respectively. There was a kinetic compensation effect (KCE) observed among the two kinetic parameters. The activation energy (E) decreased for each pyrolysis stage with the presence of a catalyst. The results indicated that catalytic co-pyrolysis could provide great potential for reducing the pyrolysis energy input.
Investigating the possibility of geopolymer to produce inorganic-bonded wood composites for multifunctional construction material – A Review
Authors: Sarmin Siti Noorbaini , Welling Johannes , Krause Andreas , Shalbafan Ali
Published: May 2021

Wood-based composites are widely used in consumer products, either in structural or non-structural applications. One of the basic elements for wood-based composites is the binder itself. Recent years have seen great development and trends in the field of eco-friendly binders in wood-based composite. There have been many concerns on the effects of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from wood-based products. Researchers have put lot of effort into developing environmental friendly products with enhanced sustainability. Binder materials with a focus on geopolymers (i.e., alumino-silicates) are discussed in this publication. The development and utilization of geopolymeric binders is relatively new in the field of wood-based composites. Up to the present there has been insufficient information regarding the manufacturing conditions and properties of wood-nonwood composite materials prepared using a geopolymeric binder. This paper considers the background of geopolymer materials and the possibilities of producing inorganic-bonded wood composite using geopolymer.
Prediction of fluid responsiveness in the immediate post-operative period of cardiac surgery
Authors: P. Albano Bernard Benjamin , I. Habana Luis Martin
Published: May 2021

Background: Prediction of fluid responsiveness can identify patients who will benefit from fluid loading in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Several hemodynamic parameters may help identify those who will benefit from hydration. This study aimed to identify and compare the parameters that predict fluid responsiveness in post-cardiac surgery patients. Methodology: This prospective cohort study included 101 post-cardiac surgery patients. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at baseline and after an 8 mL/kg IV fluid challenge. Fluid responders are those with an increase in stroke volume of ≥15%. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of fluid responder status. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were done to determine the predictive accuracy of each parameter. Results: The rate of fluid responsiveness was 54.5%. Independent predictors were: central venous pressure (CVP) ≤6 mmHg (p=0.001), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) ≤12 mmHg (p=0.016), PAOP increase by ≥7 mmHg (p=0.002), pulse pressure variability (PPV) >12% (p<0.001), PPV decrease by >5% (p=0.049) and weight (p=0.04). PPV was the most sensitive (92%) and specific (74%); while PAOP was the least sensitive (70%) and CVP the least specific (51%). PPV had the highest ability to discriminate fluid responders (AUC 0.83) compared to PAOP (AUC 0.21) and CVP (AUC 0.40) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: PPV (a dynamic index) is superior to CVP and PAOP (static indices) in discriminating fluid responders in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. PPV is the favored tool to guide initiation of fluid therapy in this clinical setting.
Studi Komparatif Mengenai Mindset antara Pria/Wanita yang Terikat Pernikahan dan Pria/Wanita yang Bercerai di Kota Bandung
Authors: Thomas Maria Carmelita Patricia , Maria Cindy
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to determine the differences about mindset between married man/woman and divorced man/woman in Bandung. Respondents in this study are man/woman who are married to only one person and man/woman who are divorced and have not remarried and are domiciled in Bandung. The sample in this study amounted to 100 people, 50 people who were married and 50 people who were divorced. The sampling technique used was snow ball sampling. Measurements were conducted with Mindset in Relationship measuring instrument which consists of 27 items. This measuring instrument has a validity range of 0,38 – 0,73 and reliability of 0,91. This study used the independent t-test technique to see the differences between mindset of married man/woman and divorced man/woman in Bandung. The results showed that there was a difference in the mindset between married man/woman and divorced man/woman in Bandung. The conclusion of this research is that married man/woman in Bandung have mindset that tends to be more growth, while divorced man/woman in Bandung have a more fixed mindset.
The Impact of the E-Sport Curriculum Toward Online Game Addiction
Authors: Mumtaz Emka Farah , Ragamustari Safendrri Komara , Hirawan Fajar Bambang
Published: May 2021

Increasing cases of gamers in Indonesia reaching 34 million and addicted users to games have an impact on physical and psychological conditions. These phenomena need suitable intervention and government concern. Many alternatives can be an option. This study aims to identify the influence of E-sport Curriculum Policy toward Game Addiction among adolescents. This research uses a mixed-method in which the quantitative analysis uses regression data analyses in 4-scale of Likert and qualitative uses interview. The key question is based on Leman’s measurement criteria in gaming addiction, Custer and Russel’s E-sport Curriculum through feasibility test in the form of reliability test and validity test. The sample of this study are adolescents including junior and senior high school students with purposive random sampling. The hypothesis result shows the value of R-Square is 0.509 meaning that the proportion of variants of the game addiction behavior described by all independent variables is 50.9%, while 49.1% is influenced by other variables not examined. The combination of cognitive and behavioral aspects of the e-sports curriculum is believed to be a solution. The knowledge provided is in line with the treatment of game addiction players, and what is done will cause a reflection effect in line with the experts’ point of view.
Comparative study of theoretical and real deflection of a simple and reinforced concret joist
Authors: Muñoz Sócrates Pedro , Ruiz Pico Angel Antonio , Anton Perez Juan Manuel , Roca-Loayza Dandy B.
Published: May 2021

This research aims to determine the actual deflection of a concrete joist and to correlate the result with the theoretical deflection. This is based on the theories of elasticity as the double integration method, considering the homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic material from an ideal theoretical model. The construction of a concrete joist does not make a 100% homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic element, since its manufacture depends on many conditions such as the choice of aggregates, water, the manufacture of cement, tests carried out for the elaboration of the mix design, the operator who is going to perform the mix and the construction of the joist. The variation of the real deflection with respect to the theoretical one has been investigated. For this, 30 simple concrete joists and 30 reinforced concrete joists were manufactured. The dimensions of these joists were 15cm x15cmx53.5cm (b x h x L). The reinforcement of the last 30 joists was 4 Փ 1/4 "as longitudinal reinforcement and Փ 1/4" @ 0.10 m of transverse reinforcement. The joists were tested for flexion by measuring the maximum deflection and compared with the theoretical one, calculated by the double integration method, having much greater experimental results than those calculated with the theory of the double integration method, not being within the ranges expected in literature
The Gender Gap in Engineering Programs in Colombia
Authors: Hamid Betancur Nancy Elena , Torres-Madronero Maria C.
Published: May 2021

In Colombia, engineering is an unattractive field for women. As of 2018, 63,7% of undergraduate engineering graduates were men, and only 36,3% were women. This gap has not changed significantly between 2001 and 2018. This paper analyzes the gap between women and men who obtain undergraduate or graduate engineering degrees in Colombia. The analysis is based on data from the Labor Observatory for Education (OLE) and the National Information System for Higher Education (SNIES) between 2001 to 2018, and it is presented according to degree levels (undergraduate, master and Ph.D.), regions, specific fields of engineering, and salary. The data show a clear difference between the number of women and men graduating from engineering programs at all levels. This gap disappears in programs related to environmental, biomedical, and chemical engineering, where more than 50% of the graduates are women; but, in programs such as electrical, electronic, and mechanical engineering, the gap is more critical, with less than 20% of women’s representation. To propose public policies or national programs to improve this situation, this paper also presents a review of international initiatives that have succeeded in improving the representation of women in engineering programs.
Publisher's Note
Authors: Akadémiai Kiadó
Published: May 2021

Akadémiai Kiadó proudly announces the publication of the New Series of Mathematica Pannonica.
El uso de herramientas TIC para la enseñanza de la escritura argumentativa
Authors: Mateo-Girona María Teresa , Agudelo-Ortega Johan Andrés , Caro-Lopera Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

Con este artículo se reflexiona acerca de los recursos TIC de los que dispone un docente para desarrollar los procesos cognitivos que se emplean en los medios digitales para argumentar. El fin último de esta investigación consistió en proponer herramientas para potenciar adecuadamente el desarrollo de la competencia de la escritura argumentativa. Para tal efecto, se presentan las herramientas TIC que sirvieron para el desarrollo de una secuencia didáctica de escritura de un miniensayo: Mendeley, Kialo, Essay Map y Google Documents. La secuencia se implementó en un grupo de la Universidad del Quindío, en la asignatura Redacción II. Los resultados ofrecen los logros y las deficiencias que se pudieron observar en el proceso de implementación por el docente-investigador del aula. Las categorías analizadas han sido las relativas a los aspectos de la escritura argumentativa específicos en el proceso de escritura general: estrategias argumentativas de planificación (búsqueda de argumentos; elección de la estructura del ensayo y esquematización de sus argumentos) y estrategias argumentativas de producción textual (empleo de la plantilla de cinco párrafos; cohesión de los distintos argumentos mediante conectores). Con la presente investigación se obtuvo una manera de revisar las herramientas TIC desde una perspectiva centrada en el proceso de la escritura, más concretamente, en el texto argumentativo. Por lo que se concluye con la necesidad de revisar las herramientas tecnológicas, desde la perspectiva procesual, para mejorar, en este caso, la didáctica de la argumentación; sin dejar de considerar que esto sería adaptable a la especificidad de la didáctica de otras tipologías textuales.
Achieving sustainable development: A baseline analysis of Western and Eastern European countries
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Lopatkova Yana
Published: May 2021

Relevance. Sustainable development is now an increasingly important topic on the global agenda, which received much attention in connection with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research objectives. The article aims to contribute to the understanding of sustainability expansion and SDGs achievement in Europe by comparing the differences between Western and Eastern European countries. Data and methods. The study relies on descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of sustainable development results in Western (18) and Eastern European (21) countries. The parametric Student's t-distribution test and non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the significance of the differences between Western and Eastern European countries. Results. Sustainable development in Eastern and Western European countries is affected by various economic, social and environmental processes. The SDGs in Western European countries is achieved mostly in the social and economic spheres while in the Eastern European countries, in social and environmental spheres. Although Europe leads globally on sustainability, it still faces significant challenges in reaching the SDGs. Conclusions. European countries are compared in order to identify the main SDGs directions and constraints in the current state of sustainability achievement. Research findings can be useful for adjustment of the integrated sustainable development strategy at the global and national levels.
Regional differences in mainland China after the 1970s economic reform
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Jin Lu Jia , Piskunova Larisa P. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Relevance. In recent years, China’s GDP has continued to grow, however, the regional gap in socio-economic development is still huge. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the reasons behind regional disparities and the possible solutions to this problem. Research objective. This paper aims to examine the patterns of regional differences in mainland China after the economic reform of the 1970s. Data and methods. The study relies on the methods of comparative analysis and the data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China and the Statistical Yearbook Sharing Platform as well as the information from the national media portal - Xinhua News Agency. Results. The Chinese government’s application of differentiated measures, strategies and policies to different regions exacerbated the existing disparities. This paper elaborates on the future regional economic adjustments and plans and thus can be of interest to investors and business activists in China and other countries.
Influence of shareholder equity on trade credit demand: The study of non-financial firms in Pakistan
Authors:   School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, Shah Faiza , Liu Yumin ,   School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, Shah Yasir ,   School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, Shah Fadia ,   Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: May 2021

Relevance. Most small-sized firms have little or no access to credit markets, which is why they prefer equity financing and usually pay higher dividends on this equity. When paying higher dividends, these small-sized debt-free firms continue to build a reputation in the markets. Research objective. The analysis focuses on the trade payables that impact shareholder equity. In Pakistan, most of the businesses are small and middle-sized. Most of the Pakistani SMEs have a low capital structure and these enterprises depend on their daily business needs, so equity financing is their primary source of funding. Data and Methods. The data source for our study is the financial statements of non-financial firms (in total, 156 firms) from the balance Sheet Analysis (BSA) and the Financial Statement Analysis (FSA) published by The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The financial statements also provide the data listed by the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The data cover the period from 2001 to 2017. This study primarily relies on the panel data model. The study applied the methods of descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, common regression model, fixed effect model, random effect model and then the Hausman test was performed to choose the best model. Results. The results of the study indicate a positive and significant relationship between shareholder equity and trade credit demand. Conclusion. Many investors require trade credit as a suitable tool for the growth of shareholders of the company. It is also used in many types of business schemes as the shareholder equity factor plays a role in profit generation through the use of trade credit transactions.
Efficacy of the ketogenic diet on ACTH‐ or corticosteroid‐resistant infantile spasm: a multicentre prospective control study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Guohong , Wang Juan , Jiang Yuwu , Yang Zhixian , Xu Kaili , Peng Jing , Zhou Shuizhen , Jiang Li , Li Baomin , Zhang Dongqing , Liu Zhisheng , Huang Lijuan , Chen Chunhong , Fang Fang , Chen Yanhui , Wu Yi , Zhong Jianmin , Zha Jian , Yin Fei , Yu Lifei , Wu Ye
Published: May 2021

Objective. To determine the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) therapy on adrenocorticotropic hormone‐ (ACTH) or corticosteroid‐resistant infantile spasm (IS), and identify relevant associated factors.

Methods. A prospective controlled study was undertaken at 10 tertiary children's medical centres in mainland China. Participants were non‐randomly assigned to KD therapy or control (adjustment of antiepileptic drugs). The primary outcome was the reduction in spasms and remission of hypsarrhythmia at the 16th week, divided into Grade I (spasm‐free for at least one week with hypsarrhythmia remission), Grade II (≥50% spasm reduction and/or hypsarrhythmia remission) and Grade III (<50% spasm reduction with hypsarrhythmia).

Results. In total, 227 patients were recruited and assigned to the KD (135 patients) and control (92 patients) groups. The efficacy in the KD group was superior to that in the control group (Grade I: 13.4% vs. 10.9%; Grade II: 40.7% vs. 20.7%, p=0.025). Patients with a ketogenic ratio <3:1 had a higher rate of Grade I than those with ketogenic ratio ≥3:1 (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p=0.037). No significant correlation was found between the efficacy of KD and level of serum ketosis, aetiology of IS, or age.

Significance. The efficacy of KD therapy was superior to adjustment of oral antiepileptic drugs in children with ACTH‐ or corticosteroid‐resistant infantile spasms.
Epilepsy phenotypes associated with MAP1B‐related brain malformations
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Spaeth Christine , Zhang Wenying
Published: May 2021

Recently, studies on whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of large cohorts of people with periventricular heterotopia (PVH) have reported an association with loss‐of‐function variants in the MAP1B gene. However, neurological phenotypes of these patients remain poorly characterized. Four family members with seizures beginning in early childhood were evaluated. Integrated genomic analysis with WES and microarray was performed. Affected family members had various combinations of: febrile, fever‐triggered and afebrile seizures; photo‐sensitivity; comorbid mild developmental delays; obsessive‐compulsive behaviors; and poor attention span. Neuroimaging showed PVH, corpus callosum abnormalities, and perisylvian polymicrogyria. A novel heterozygous frameshift variant in MAP1B was found in all affected family members. This report extends the clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes associated with MAP1B pathogenic variants. MAP1B variants may be considered in patients with febrile and afebrile seizures if characteristic neuroimaging, particularly PVH, is observed.
Awake craniotomy for epilepsy surgery on eloquent speech areas: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Korkar George H. , Isnard Jean , Montavont Alexandra , Catenoix Hélène , Rheims Sylvain , Guénot Marc
Published: May 2021

Objective. In patients with intractable partial epilepsy who are eligible for epilepsy surgery, the best seizure control requires complete resection of the epileptogenic zone. When the epileptogenic zone is located very near to, or even with the eloquent cortex, this can be a challenge. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of awake craniotomy techniques to completely resect these epileptic zones while preserving the neural functions.

Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 17 consecutive patients with intractable partial seizures of different aetiologies (non‐lesional epilepsy [n=3], tuberous sclerosis [n=1], hypoxic ischaemic insult [n=1], dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours [DNET] [n=2], focal cortical dysplasia type 2 [FCD] [n=4], and other malformations of cortical development [n=6]), located in eloquent language cortex (frontal [n=7], insular [n=5], and latero‐temporal [n=5] regions). All patients were operated on between 2010 and 2019 for resective epilepsy surgery under awake conditions, with the aid of direct cortical stimulation. This report aimed to study the feasibility, efficacy and limitations of using the awake craniotomy technique for surgical resections of epileptogenic zones involving eloquent language cortex.

Results. Postoperative epilepsy control and neurological function were assessed and followed. The mean follow‐up period was 5.7 years. In one patient, the surgery was aborted before resection. In the other patients, Engel Class I was achieved in seven patients (43.75%) and Engel Class II in four patients (25%), and worthwhile improvement (Engel Class I and II) was achieved in 11 patients (68.75%). Postoperative neurological deficits were encountered in four patients (23.5%). However, all these deficits were regressive and were absent at the last follow‐up visit.

Significance. Using the awake craniotomy technique, seizure freedom can be achieved in a high proportion of patients with epileptogenic zones located in language areas, who were previously considered only candidates for palliative measures.
Epilepsy, interictal EEG abnormalities and hippocampal atrophy in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis: a population study in an endemic milieu
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Wu Shasha , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Issa Naoum P.
Published: May 2021

Objective. Calcified neurocysticercosis has been associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA). However, the pathogenesis of this association is still elusive. This study assessed the role of epilepsy or interictal EEG abnormalities in the occurrence of HA in the Atahualpa Project cohort.

Methods. Atahualpa residents aged ≥20 years, identified by means of door‐to‐door surveys, were offered an unenhanced head CT to identify neurocysticercosis cases. Individuals with cysticercotic parenchymal brain calcifications (121/1,299; 9.3%) underwent brain MRI, scalp EEG, and neurological evaluation to assess history of epilepsy. The independent association between combined exposures (epilepsy and/or EEG abnormalities) and HA (outcome) was assessed using univariate logistic regression models and a multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, level of education, alcohol intake and characteristics of calcifications.

Results. A total of 112 NCC patients were enrolled (mean age: 52.2 ± 16.9 years; 67% women); the remaining nine declined consent. A single calcification was noticed in 70% of cases. Thirty‐one patients (27.7%) had HA, which was asymmetrical in 14. Calcification burden was higher among patients with HA than in their non‐atrophic counterparts (p=0.012). Eighteen patients had epilepsy, abnormal EEG recordings, or both. Nine of these 18 patients (50%) had HA as opposed to 22 of 94 patients (23%) with a normal EEG and no history of epilepsy (p=0.025). This association became borderline significant based on a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjusting for all covariates (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 0.91‐11.68; p=0.070). In this model, having only one calcification was inversely associated with HA (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11‐0.95; p=0.039).

Significance. Epilepsy and EEG abnormalities play a minor contributory role in the development of HA in neurocysticercosis patients. The burden of infection, leading to recurrent bouts of inflammation around calcified cysticerci, is a more likely contributor to HA development in patients with neurocysticercosis.
Characteristics of visual sensitivity in familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Wang Bi , Wang Jinxiang , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhu Jiang , Cao Yujia , Liu Yonghong
Published: May 2021

Objective. The aim of the study was to describe the electroclinical features of visual sensitivity in patients with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy.

Methods. We searched the EEG database using the terms “familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy” and “visual sensitivity” over a seven‐year period from March 2013 to April 2020 in the Xijing hospital, Xi'an, China. The inclusion criteria were demonstrable electroclinical visual sensitivity in the form of eye‐opening sensitivity, eye‐closure sensitivity, eyes‐closed sensitivity and photosensitivity. Clinical, EEG and imaging records of patients were screened, and subsequently, detailed analysis of their data was undertaken.

Results. We enrolled six patients with visual sensitivity, five of whom suffered with rare generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Neuroimaging was negative in all cases. All patients demonstrated photosensitivity; eye‐opening sensitivity associated with cortical myoclonic in one patient, eyes‐closed sensitivity associated with cortical myoclonic tremor status in three patients, and eye‐closure sensitivity in two patients. At the last follow‐up visit, cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy in all patients was well controlled with first‐line treatment.

Significance. Visual sensitivity is therefore likely to be an important reflex trait in some patients with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy, and should be routinely evaluated in order to better define the electroclinical features in FCMTE syndrome. [Published with video sequences].
Surgical treatment of children with drug‐resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Chang , Liu Qingzhu , Ji Taoyun , Wang Wen , Yu Guojing , Cai Lixin , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2021

Objective. We retrospectively analysed the clinical features and prognostic factors of surgery in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area, and the relationship between the stable compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) and good motor function outcomes postoperatively.

Methods. A study was conducted on the clinical data of 91 patients with epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery involving the Rolandic area and IONM from November 2015 to February 2019.

Results. In total, 91 patients were included in this study. The median age at seizure onset was 1.3 years old. The median age at surgery was 4.4 years old. Twenty‐seven patients (29.7%), with age at onset below three years old, had epileptic spasms. The central operculum was the most common surgical region in 52 patients (57.1%). The most common pathology was focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in 67 patients. At the last follow‐up visit, 69 patients (75.8%) were seizure‐free. Interictal epileptiform discharges in the Rolandic area were associated with good seizure outcome (p=0.016). Out of 91 patients, successful IONM was performed in 88 patients (96.7%). Stable CMAP was seen in 79 of 88 patients (89.8%), and irreversible disappearance of CMAP was seen in nine patients (10.2%). New permanent motor deficit was observed in 13 of 88 patients (14.8%). There was a significant correlation between stable CMAP and good motor function outcome (p<0.001).

Significance. This is the largest reported cohort of children with drug‐resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area who received surgery from a single centre. Epileptic spasms were only observed in young children with age at onset below three years old. The major aetiology was FCD. The rate of seizure freedom was 75.8%. Epileptiform discharges in the Rolandic area were the main prognostic factor affecting surgical outcome. Stable CMAP can predict good motor function outcome postoperatively.