bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-wind-effect impact on Shack-Hartmann-based adaptive optics
Authors: Pourré N. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Milli J. , Sauvage J.-F. , Fusco T. , Correia C. , Oberti S.
Published: July 2022

Context. The low wind effect (LWE) occurs at the aperture of 8-meter class telescopes when the spiders holding the secondary mirror get significantly cooler than the air. The effect creates phase discontinuities in the incoming wavefront at the location of the spiders. Under the LWE, the wavefront residuals after correction of the adaptive optics (AO) are dominated by low-order aberrations, pistons, and tip-tilts, contained in the pupil quadrants separated by the spiders. Those aberrations, called petal modes, degrade the AO performances during the best atmospheric turbulence conditions. Ultimately, the LWE is an obstacle for high-contrast exoplanet observations at a small angular separation from the host star.

Aims. We aim to understand why extreme AO with a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor fails to correct for the petal tip and tilt modes, while these modes imprint a measurable signal in the SH slopes. We explore if the petal tip and tilt content of the LWE can be controlled and mitigated without an additional wavefront sensor.

Methods. We simulated the sensitivity of a single subaperture of a SH wavefront sensor in the presence of a phase discontinuity across this subaperture. We explored the effect of the most important parameters: the amplitude of the discontinuity, the spider thickness, and the field of view. We then performed end-to-end simulations to reproduce and explain the behavior of extreme AO systems based on a SH in the presence of the LWE. We then evaluated the efficiency of a new mitigation strategy by running simulations, including atmosphere and realistic LWE phase perturbations.

Results. For realistic parameters (i.e. a spider thickness at 25% of a SH subaperture, and a field of view of 3.5λ/d), we find that the sensitivity of the SH to a phase discontinuity is dramatically reduced, or even reversed. Under the LWE, a nonzero curl path is created in the measured slopes, which transforms into vortex-structures in the residuals when the loop is closed. While these vortexes are easily seen in the residual wavefront and slopes, they cannot be controlled by the system. We used this understanding to propose a strategy for controlling the petal tip and tilt modes of the LWE by using the measurements from the SH, but excluding the faulty subapertures.

Conclusions. The proposed mitigation strategy may be of use in all extreme AO systems based on SH for which the LWE is an issue, such as SPHERE and GRAVITY+.
Integration of robotic in the reprocessing and transfer of endoscopes
Authors: Allescher Hans Dieter , Voigt Florian , Mangold Martin , Haddadin Sami
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Optimal hygiene is crucial for patients undergoing flexible endoscopy. Reprocessing is currently influenced by manual procedures performed by endoscopy staff. To overcome this limitation, we designed and evaluated the integration of robotic application for an automated endoscope processing pathway.

Methods We used an endoscope reprocessing pass through machine with drying cabinet and a Franka Emika Panda robot. The robot was programmed to interact with its environment in a compliant way, guaranteeing desired contact force thresholds and therefore ensuring safety of both robot and medical equipment.

Results In an initial phase we tested the robots’ ability to handle a modified tray holding an endoscope as well as certain challenges (correct positioning, connection of tubing, undesired collisions). We added another Panda robot arm resulting in a device featuring two independent manipulators and tested the accuracy of each individual step.

We evaluated 50 consecutive processing and transfer procedures, simulating the average daily throughput of an endoscopic unit. The endoscopes were removed in adapted tray using a specially designed lifting device and placed in an endoscope storage and venting cabinet. The mean time for the handling of the scope was 104.2 ± 1.2 seconds and an accuracy of 100 % (0 failures in 50 attempts) was achieved.

Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description and evaluation of an automated compliant robotic assistance in the processing of endoscopes. Further development could help to overcome shortcomings of the man handled endoscope processing and could lead to reproducible, standardized and certified endoscope processing.
The Role of Tibial Plateau Angle in Canine Cruciate Ligament Rupture—A Review of the Literature
Authors: Todorović Anastasija Z. , Macanović Mirjana V. Lazarević , Mitrović Marko B. , Krstić Nikola E. , Bree Henri J. J. van , Gielen Ingrid M. L. V.
Published: July 2022

Cranial cruciate ligament disease is a common pathological condition in dogs that is often presented in daily clinical practice. Different risk factors for the development of this condition include breed, sex, age, bodyweight and neuter status, as well as different biological and biomechanical mechanisms. In the literature, special attention has been paid to the role of the tibial plateau angle in damage to the cranial cruciate ligament. Although the disease was first described at the beginning of last century, and since then different surgical methods have been developed to treat it, its aetiology remains unclear. In this review, contemporary literature data related to the role of tibial plateau angle in canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture are presented.
Adolescent Gynecological Surgeries: Cause for Concern
Authors: Anant Monika , Sharma Mrinal , Jha Sangam , Paswan Anita , Pritam Anuja , Raj Priyanka
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Gynecological surgery in adolescent girls (10–19 years) remains challenging due to remarkable differences in anatomy, physiology and need for fertility preserving conservative surgical approach. We aimed to identify the various gynecological causes, operative outcomes, and need for follow-up surgeries in adolescents.

Methods

A single-center hospital record-based retrospective study was conducted for gynecological surgeries performed on adolescents in a 5-year period with exclusion of obstetrical and nongynecological causes.

Results

Sixty-eight adolescents of mean age 16.77 ± 2.317 years underwent gynecological procedures wherein 63 (92.64%) were postmenarchal girls. Pain abdomen (75%), menstrual abnormality (47%), and abdominal swelling (47%) were their main complaints. Note that 35 (51.4%) surgeries performed were for adnexal masses and 24 (35.3%) for obstructive Mullerian anomalies or neovagina creation. Other indicated surgeries were uterine leiomyoma (4.4%), Bartholin’s cyst (5.8%), and pelvic abscess (1.4%). The mean interval of symptoms to the diagnosis was 1.22 ± 1.381 years while the mean diagnosis to surgery interval was 8.71 ± 5.880 days. A statistically significant difference (243.3 vs. 783.1 days, p < 0.00001) was found in the symptoms to diagnosis interval and the length of hospital stay (difference in means 16 days, p < 0.00001) in the two major operative groups. Minimal access surgery could be completed in 37% of cases. Complications encountered were bowel injury in 5.8%, bladder injury in 2.9%, blood transfusion requirement in 5.8%, and reoperation in 2.94%. Follow-up revealed one death, adjuvant chemotherapy in 7.3%, and suppressive hormone therapy for endometriosis in 13% of operated girls.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of a gynecological presentation is protracted and delayed in adolescents. Both diagnosis and surgery is challenging, and minimal invasive surgery is preferable. Malignancy diagnosis or exclusion, treatment, and follow-up should be prioritized to limit delays in the decision to treat. Timely and appropriate, as far as possible conservative surgery and adherence to follow-up protocols will ensure successful outcomes.
From a general anti-cancer treatment to antioxidant or deer osteoporosis: the consequences of antler as the fastest-growing tissue
Authors: Landete-Castillejos Tomás , Rossetti Alessandra , Garcia Andres J. , de Cabo Carlos , Festuccia Claudio , Luna Salvador , Chonco Louis
Published: July 2022

Deer antlers are unique because they are cast and regenerate each year. They are the fastest-growing structure, reaching an astonishing growth rate of up to 2.75 cm/day in length and more than 20 cm2/day of skin. Surprisingly, no study so far has assessed the metabolic rate of the antler. High metabolic rate needs highly efficient (or large) mitochondria, and it involves a high creation or reactive oxygen species (ROS), origin of oxidative stress. The speed of creation of ROS and the oxidative stress are inversely related to ageing and many diseases such as cancer or age-related diseases. However, antler must have the most efficient anti-oxidant system, as it rarely shows any departure from a perfect growth. This paper examines recent studies showing surprising applications in medicine of growing-antler extracts, or the information regarding its physiology. A recent study (Wang et al. (2019), Science 364, eaav6335) has shown that antlers have evolved a speed of growth faster than cancer, based on high expression of proto-oncogenes. As a result, deer has evolved tumour-suppression genes to control the high risk of developing cancer. This may explain why several studies have found in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of deer velvet-antler extract in human tumours, such as cell cultures and animal models of cancers such as brain cancer (glioblastoma), prostate cancer, and others. We will also discuss findings in the study of the cyclic osteoporosis of the deer, with unexpected similarities in their proteomics and gene expression with that of the human pathological osteoporosis. Last, we will examine potential applications based on having the highest metabolic rate. If the future studies establish the antler as the tissue having the fastest metabolism and the best antioxidant system, this may have implications for understanding how to fight oxidative stress, which, in turn, will have direct implications for aging and age-related diseases (and others, from cancer to osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s for example). It may also show that velvet-antler extract is a general anti-cancer compound, and this may show the path to find an anti-cancer medicine that has no secondary toxic effects in healthy cells.
A Monograph of the Australian Species of Amanita Pers. ex Hook. (Fungi)
Authors: Reid Derek A
Published: July 2022

Descriptions are given of 46 taxa. and a key is provided to facilitate identification. Whenever possible line drawings of microcharacters for the species have been reproduced. Coloured illustrations of certain taxa based on original water-colours by the author and his son. and also on colour transparencies. are included. Three new combinations are proposed: Amanita effusa (KaJchbr.) Reid. A. grisella var. hueala-velala (Reid) Reid and A. punclala (Clel. & Cheel) Reid.
A Revision of Syzygium and Allied Genera (Myrtaceae) in Australia
Authors: Hyland B.P.M
Published: July 2022

This study shows that [I ve genera are represented in Australia. Acmena: seven species and one subspecies, including two new species, A. mackinnoniana and A. resa, and one new subspecies, A. hemilampra subsp. orophila. Acmenosperma: two species, including one new species, A. pringlei. Eugenia: one species. Syzygium: 52 species and three subspecies, including 16 new species, S. alatoramulum, S. alliiligneum, S. argyropedicum, S. bamagense, S. boonjee, S. canicortex, S. dansiei, S. endophloium, S. macilwraithianum, S. papyraceum, S. pseudoJastigiatum, S. rubrimolle, S. sharonae, S. velae, S. wesa, S. xerampelinum, and one new subspecies, S. forte subsp. potamophilum; 23 new combinations also made. Waterhousea gen. nov.: four species, including two new species, W. mulgraveana and W. unipunctata; two new combinations also made.
A revision of the
Authors: Thiele Kevin R.
Published: July 2022

The Hibbertia commutata Steud. species group comprises 27 species in Hibbertia Andr. subgenus Hibbertia, all being endemic in south-western Western Australia; it is the largest species group in that state. Several taxa in the group have been the subject of considerable confusion in the past, with inadequate understanding of species boundaries leading to mixed determinations on specimens. All taxa in the group are treated here, and the following are described as new: Hibbertia acrotoma K.R.Thiele, H. ambita K.R.Thiele, H. barrettiae K.R.Thiele, H. davisii K.R.Thiele, H. elegans K.R.Thiele, H. hortiorum K.R.Thiele, H. improna K.R.Thiele, H. inopinata K.R.Thiele, H. sandifordiae K.R.Thiele, H. semipilosa K.R.Thiele, H. spectabilis K.R.Thiele, H. wheelerae K.R.Thiele.
A meta-analysis on the evolution of the Lombard effect reveals that amplitude adjustments are a widespread vertebrate mechanism
Authors: Kunc Hansjoerg P. , Morrison Kyle , Schmidt Rouven
Published: July 2022

Animal communication is central to many animal societies, and effective signal transmission is crucial for individuals to survive and reproduce successfully. One environmental factor that exerts selection pressure on acoustic signals is ambient noise. To maintain signal efficiency, species can adjust signals through phenotypic plasticity or microevolutionary response to natural selection. One of these signal adjustments is the increase in signal amplitude, called the Lombard effect, which has been frequently found in birds and mammals. However, the evolutionary origin of the Lombard effect is largely unresolved. Using a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis, we show that the Lombard effect is also present in fish and amphibians, and contradictory results in the literature can be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratios among studies. Our analysis also demonstrates that subcortical processes are sufficient to elicit the Lombard effect and that amplitude adjustments do not require vocal learning. We conclude that the Lombard effect is a widespread mechanism based on phenotypic plasticity in vertebrates for coping with changes in ambient noise levels.
Mendel and Darwin
Authors: Berry Andrew , Browne Janet
Published: July 2022

Evolution by natural selection is an explicitly genetic theory. Darwin recognized that a working theory of inheritance was central to his theory and spent much of his scientific life seeking one. The seeds of his attempt to fill this gap, his “provisional hypothesis” of pangenesis, appear in his notebooks when he was first formulating his evolutionary ideas. Darwin, in short, desperately needed Mendel. In this paper, we set Mendel’s work in the context of experimental biology and animal/plant breeding of the period and review both the well-known story of possible contact between Mendel and Darwin and the actual contact between their ideas after their deaths. Mendel’s contributions to evolutionary biology were fortuitous. Regardless, it is Mendel’s work that completed Darwin’s theory. The modern theory based on the marriage between Mendel’s and Darwin’s ideas as forged most comprehensively by R. A. Fisher is both Darwin’s achievement and Mendel’s.
Thioester synthesis by a designed nickel enzyme models prebiotic energy conversion
Authors: Manesis Anastasia C. , Yerbulekova Alina , Shearer Jason , Shafaat Hannah S.
Published: July 2022

The formation of carbon–carbon bonds from prebiotic precursors such as carbon dioxide represents the foundation of all primordial life processes. In extant organisms, this reaction is carried out by the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH)/acetyl coenzyme A synthase (ACS) enzyme, which performs the cornerstone reaction in the ancient Wood–Ljungdahl metabolic pathway to synthesize the key biological metabolite, acetyl-CoA. Despite its significance, a fundamental understanding of this transformation is lacking, hampering efforts to harness analogous chemistry. To address these knowledge gaps, we have designed an artificial metalloenzyme within the azurin protein scaffold as a structural, functional, and mechanistic model of ACS. We demonstrate the intermediacy of the Ni
I
species and requirement for ordered substrate binding in the bioorganometallic carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction from the one-carbon ACS substrates. The electronic and geometric structures of the nickel-acetyl intermediate have been characterized using time-resolved optical, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, we demonstrate that the nickel-acetyl species is chemically competent for selective acyl transfer upon thiol addition to biosynthesize an activated thioester. Drawing an analogy to the native enzyme, a mechanism for thioester generation by this ACS model has been proposed. The fundamental insight into the enzymatic process provided by this rudimentary ACS model has implications for the evolution of primitive ACS-like proteins. Ultimately, these findings offer strategies for development of highly active catalysts for sustainable generation of liquid fuels from one-carbon substrates, with potential for broad applications across diverse fields ranging from energy storage to environmental remediation.
Mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo DNA methylation that protects mtDNA against oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window
Authors: Yue Yuan , Ren Likun , Zhang Chao , Miao Kai , Tan Kun , Yang Qianying , Hu Yupei , Xi Guangyin , Luo Gang , Yang Mingyao , Zhang Jingyu , Hou Zhuocheng , An Lei , Tian Jianhui
Published: July 2022

Mitochondrial remodeling during the peri-implantation stage is the hallmark event essential for normal embryogenesis. Among the changes, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation is critical for supporting high energy demands of postimplantation embryos, but increases mitochondrial oxidative stress, which in turn threatens mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability. However, how mitochondria protect their own histone-lacking mtDNA, during this stage remains unclear. Concurrently, the mitochondrial genome gain DNA methylation by this stage. Its spatiotemporal coincidence with enhanced mitochondrial stress led us to ask if mtDNA methylation has a role in maintaining mitochondrial genome stability. Herein, we report that mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo mtDNA methylation that can protect mtDNA against enhanced oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window. Mitochondrial genome gains extensive mtDNA methylation during transition from blastocysts to postimplantation embryos, thus establishing relatively hypermethylated mtDNA from hypomethylated state in blastocysts. Mechanistic study revealed that DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNMT3B enter mitochondria during this process and bind to mtDNA, via their unique mitochondrial targeting sequences. Importantly, loss- and gain-of-function analyses indicated that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for catalyzing de novo mtDNA methylation, in a synergistic manner. Finally, we proved, in vivo and in vitro, that increased mtDNA methylation functions to protect mitochondrial genome against mtDNA damage induced by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Together, we reveal mtDNA methylation dynamics and its underlying mechanism during the critical developmental window. We also provide the functional link between mitochondrial epigenetic remodeling and metabolic changes, which reveals a role for nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk in establishing mitoepigenetics and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
Experimental study of a nanoscale translocation ratchet
Authors: Molcrette Bastien , Chazot-Franguiadakis Léa , Liénard François , Balassy Zsombor , Freton Céline , Grangeasse Christophe , Montel Fabien
Published: July 2022

Despite an extensive theoretical and numerical background, the translocation ratchet mechanism, which is fundamental for the transmembrane transport of biomolecules, has never been experimentally reproduced at the nanoscale. Only the Sec61 and bacterial type IV pilus pores were experimentally shown to exhibit a translocation ratchet mechanism. Here we designed a synthetic translocation ratchet and quantified its efficiency as a nanopump. We measured the translocation frequency of DNA molecules through nanoporous membranes and showed that polycations at the
trans
side accelerated the translocation in a ratchet-like fashion. We investigated the ratchet efficiency according to geometrical and kinetic parameters and observed the ratchet to be only dependent on the size of the DNA molecule with a power law

N

−
0.6

. A threshold length of 3 kbp was observed, below which the ratchet did not operate. We interpreted this threshold in a DNA looping model, which quantitatively explained our results.
A ‘partial’ Orientalist
Authors: Liu Min
Published: July 2022

Lin Yutang 林语堂 (1895–1976) was a Chinese
American writer based in the USA who produced thirty English works interpreting Chinese philosophy to a western audience between
1936 and 1966. Lin’s critics often accuse him of succumbing to colonial power dynamics between China and the west. Famous
Chinese Short Stories: Retold by Lin Yutang (FCSS), published by the John Day Company in 1952, is a
particularly revealing case in point. FCSS contains twenty tales selected from ancient Chinese culture, edited,
and rewritten in English using western storytelling techniques. In response to critiques of Lin’s works including
FCSS as being Orientalist, I re-examine the intricate process of Lin’s rewriting to reveal a more complex
stance vis-à-vis Orientalism, characterizing his cultural position as that of a ‘partial’ Orientalist. This term implies that Lin
recognizes the potential of Chinese tradition to provide an alternative modernity.
Patient-Centered Quality Measurement for Opioid Use Disorder: Development of a Taxonomy to Address Gaps in Research and Practice
Authors: Kelley A. Taylor , Incze Michael A. , Baylis Jacob D. , Calder Spencer G. , Weiner Saul J. , Zickmund Susan L. , Jones Audrey L. , Vanneman Megan E. , Conroy Molly B. , Gordon Adam J. , Bridges John F.P.
Published: July 2022

Background: Evidence-based treatment is provided infrequently and inconsistently to patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Treatment guidelines call for high-quality, patient-centered care that meets individual preferences and needs, but it is unclear whether current quality measures address individualized aspects of care and whether measures of patient-centered OUD care are supported by evidence. Methods: We conducted an environmental scan of OUD care quality to (1) evaluate patient-centeredness in current OUD quality measures endorsed by national agencies and in national OUD treatment guidelines; and (2) review literature evidence for patient-centered care in OUD diagnosis and management, including gaps in current guidelines, performance data, and quality measures. We then synthesized these findings to develop a new quality measurement taxonomy that incorporates patient-centered aspects of care and identifies priority areas for future research and quality measure development. Results: Across 31 endorsed OUD quality measures, only two measures of patient experience incorporated patient preferences and needs, while national guidelines emphasized providing patient-centered care. Among 689 articles reviewed, evidence varied for practices of patient-centered care. Many practices were supported by guidelines and substantial evidence, while others lacked evidence despite guideline support. Our synthesis of findings resulted in EQuIITable Care, a taxonomy comprised of six classifications: (1) patient Experience and engagement, (2) Quality of life; (3) Identification of patient risks; (4) Interventions to mitigate patient risks; (5) Treatment; and (6) Care coordination and navigation. Conclusions: Current quality measurement for OUD lacks patient-centeredness. EQuIITable Care for OUD provides a roadmap to develop measures of patient-centered care for OUD.
Production mechanism and prediction cross sections of unknown neutron-rich 263–265,267–269Lr isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions based on the dinuclear system model
Authors: Zhang Xin-rui , Zhang Gen , Li Jing-jing , Liu Zhong , Yang Yong-xu , Zhang Feng-shou
Published: July 2022

Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the production cross sections for producing the new neutron-rich Lr isotopes in the multinucleon transfer reactions with 249Bk and 254Es targets were predicted. The results show that the 124Sn + 254Es reaction has the highest production cross sections, followed by the 130Te + 249Bk reaction. As far as the existing experimental techniques are concerned, 130Te + 249Bk is the most suitable choice. With experimental techniques developing in the future, 124Sn + 254Es is preferable when the thick 254Es target can be prepared. The optimal energy for producing the new neutron-rich Lr isotopes is 1.1 times the Coulomb barrier for both reaction systems, and both reactions produced 263–265,267–269Lr isotopes. The production mechanism of Lr isotopes has been investigated in the 130Te + 249Bk reaction. It is found that the production of Lr isotopes mainly originates from the contribution of quasifission. And the contribution of quasifission gradually decreases with the increase of the incident angular momentum. The final production cross sections for 263–265,267–269Lr in 130Te + 249Bk reaction at E
c.m. = 1.10V
C are 0.22 μb, 0.13 μb, 0.15 μb, 4.45 nb, 0.62 nb, and 0.03 nb, respectively
High-resolution MCP-TimePix3 imaging/timing detector for antimatter physics
Authors: Glöggler L , Caravita R , Auzins M , Bergmann B , Brusa R S , Burian P , Camper A , Castelli F , Cheinet P , Ciuryło R , Comparat D , Consolati G , Doser M , Gjersdal H , Graczykowski Ł , Guatieri F , Haider S , Huck S , Janik M , Kasprowicz G , Khatri G , Kłosowski Ł , Kornakov G , Malbrunot C , Mariazzi S , Nowak L , Nowicka D , Oswald E , Penasa L , Piwiński M , Pospisil S , Povolo L , Prelz F , Rangwala S A , Rienäcker B , Røhne O M , Sandaker H , Sowinski T , Stekl I , Tefelski D , Volponi M , Wolz T , Zimmer C , Zawada M , Zurlo N
Published: July 2022

We present a hybrid imaging/timing detector for force sensitive inertial measurements designed for measurements on positronium, the metastable bound state of an electron and a positron, but also suitable for applications involving other low intensity, low energy beams of neutral (antimatter)-atoms, such as antihydrogen. The performance of the prototype detector was evaluated with a tunable low energy positron beam, resulting in a spatial resolution of

≈

12 mm, a detection efficiency of up to 40% and a time-resolution in the order of tens of ns.
Review of sterile neutrino searches at very short-baseline reactor experiments
Authors: Danilov Mikhail
Published: July 2022

Search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model is the main direction in particle physics nowadays. There are several experimental hints of New Physics. The most statistically significant (5–6σ) are the hints of eV mass scale sterile neutrinos. They come from

ν

˜

e

disappearance in reactor experiments, ν

e
disappearance in experiments with very powerful radioactive sources, and electron (anti)neutrino appearance in the muon (anti)neutrino beams. Very important results in this field were obtained in 2021 by the BEST, MicroBooNE, and Neutrino-4 collaborations as well as by several other experiments. However, the situation is still or maybe even more controversial. We review these indications of New Physics and prospects for the next few years with the emphasis on reactor experiments.
Entanglement protection in higher-dimensional systems
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Sinha Urbasi
Published: July 2022

The inevitable dissipative interaction of an entangled quantum system with its environment causes degradation in quantum correlations present in the system. This can lead to a finite-time disappearance of entanglement, which is known as Entanglement Sudden Death (ESD). Here, we consider an initially entangled qubit-qutrit system and a dissipative noise which leads to ESD, and propose a set of local unitary operations, which when applied on the qubit, qutrit, or both subsystems during the decoherence process, cause ESD to be hastened, delayed, or avoided altogether, depending on its time of application. Delay and avoidance of ESD may find practical application in quantum information processing protocols that would otherwise suffer due to short lifetime of entanglement. The physical implementation of these local unitaries is discussed in the context of an atomic system. The simulation results of such ESD manipulations are presented for two different classes of initially entangled qubit-qutrit systems. A prescription for generalization of this scheme to a qutrit-qutrit system is given. This technique for entanglement protection in the noisy environment is compared with other related techniques such as weak measurement reversal, dynamic decoupling, and quantum Zeno effect.
Influence of uranium dioxide and reflector surface on neutron yields of the nuclear hybrid fusion-fission reaction using MCUNED code
Authors: Reda Sonia M , Khalil Emad I , Anwar Dalia , Youssef Ahmed
Published: July 2022

The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the effects of adding uranium dioxide (UO2) to deuterium fuel in the fusion-fission hybrid reactions. The effectiveness of applying a reflector surface on the neutron yield in D-D and D-UO2 reactions has been investigated. The neutrons yielded from the fusion reactions were considered as a neutron source for fission reactions. For this purpose, MCNPX and its extension, the MCUNED code, for D-D fusion processes and UO2 fission reactions were used to calculate the neutron yield and the generated power. Using externally evaluated nuclear data libraries, MCUNED is capable of light ion transport. The D (d), (n) 3He reaction with 0.25 gm of deuterium and the fission reactions with 0.25 and 1.0 gm of UO2 were utilized. The results showed that the calculated neutron flux from the D-D fusion reaction increased by a considerable amount when applying the reflector surface. Adding 1.0 gm of UO2 to deuterium fuel enhanced neutron flux by 4.95 times on average, outside the source with the reflector surface. The calculated power increased by about 3-folds when 1.0 gm of UO2 was added. Despite the narrow cross section of the D-D reactions used in this study, it was found that utilizing the reflector surface and UO2 or depleted uranium with restrictive high masses may be able to multiply the generated neutrons and the resulting power.
Design and simulation of a silicon-based hybrid integrated optical gyroscope system
Authors: Sun Dao-Xin , Zhang Dong-Liang , Lu Li-Dan , Xu Tao , Zheng Xian-Tong , Zhou Zhe-Hai , Zhu Lian-Qing
Published: July 2022

By combining a silicon-based lithium niobate modulator and a silicon-based Si3N4 resonator with silicon-based photonics technology, a highly systematic design of a hybrid integrated optical gyroscope with enhanced reciprocity sensitivity and a dual micro-ring structure is proposed for the first time in this paper. The relationship between the device’s structural parameters and optical performance is also analyzed by constructing a complete simulation link, which provides a theoretical design reference to improve the system’s sensitivity. When the wavelength is 1550 nm, the conversion frequency of the dual-ring optical path is 50 MHz, the coupling coefficient is 0.2, and the radius R is 1000 μm, the quality factor of the silicon-based Si3N4 resonator is 2.58 × 105, which is 1.58 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator. Moreover, the effective number of times the light travels around the ring before leaving the micro-ring is 5.93, which is 1.62 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator. The work fits the gyro dynamic output diagram, and solves the problem of low sensitivity at low speed by setting the phase offset. This results provide a basis for the further optimization of design and chip processing of the integrated optical gyroscope.
Molecular fluorescence significantly enhanced by gold nanoparticles@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8
Authors: Zhang Yuyi , Bian Yajie , Zhang Wei , Liu Yiting , Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Mengdi , Hu Bingwen , Jin Qingyuan
Published: July 2022

Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit unique surface plasmon resonance dependent optical properties. On this basis, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can form AuNPs@MOFs composites to modulate the optical properties of fluorescent molecules, which is less reported. In this paper, based on the fluorescence enhancement effect of AuNPs on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (HPBI) molecules, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals with structural stability were introduced. AuNPs@ZIF-8 exhibited a significantly pronounced fluorescence enhancement of the HPBI molecules. In addition, by comparing the fluorescence characteristics of the HPBI molecules adsorbed on AuNPs@ZIF-8 and those captured in AuNPs@ZIF-8, we found that the ZIF-8 can act as a spacer layer with highly effective near-field enhancement. All our preliminary results shed light on future research on the composite structures of noble metal particles and MOFs for fluorescent probes and sensing applications.
Anionic redox reaction mechanism in Na-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Rong Xiaohui , Lu Yaxiang , Hu Yong-Sheng
Published: July 2022

Na-ion batteries (NIBs), as one of the next-generation rechargeable battery systems, hold great potential in large-scale energy storage applications owing to the abundance and costeffectiveness of sodium resources. Despite the extensive exploration of electrode materials, the relatively low attainable capacity of NIBs hinders their practical application. In recent years, the anionic redox reaction (ARR) in NIBs has been emerging as a new paradigm to deliver extra capacity and thus offers an opportunity to break through the intrinsic energy density limit. In this review, the fundamental investigation of the ARR mechanism and the latest exploration of cathode materials are summarized, in order to highlight the significance of reversible anionic redox and suggest prospective developing directions.
Numerical investigation of helicopter hover state of flight enhancement by applying active flow control over helicopter special tip airfoil
Authors: Tawfik Tarek Mokhtar , Abdelrahman M M , Hassan YK
Published: July 2022

In conventional helicopter there are many operation limits and constraints, one of them is the maximum take-off weight and ability of main rotor to produce thrust during the hover mode of flight. In this study a numerical investigation is performed to show the effect of active flow control technique over the helicopter tip blade in hover mode to enhance the main rotor ability to produce lift by improving total performance of used airfoil. Active flow control applied to upper airfoil surface of blade tip close to the leading edge to control the boundary layer by adding momentum using small oscillating jet. The advantage of this technique comes from the small energy required to enrich the boundary layer which we use very small jet for excitation. Model is formed in 2D and is numerically investigated for airfoil used in main rotor blade tip with known geometry and performance parameter for clean rotor given by NASA test stand. Results shows very good impact on the hover mode in 2D model which gives enhancement in the overall performance represented by lift to drag ratio in the used tip airfoil in different case study used depending on the study plan that considered various excitation parameter. More than 60% increase in total performance represented by lift to drag ratio is obtained using suitable parameter and excitation point.
Optimization of friction stir welding AA6082-T6 parameters using analysis of variance and grey relational analysis
Authors: El-Zathry N E , Hassan A I , El-Betar A A , Sabry I
Published: July 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process, which has a significant role in solid-state welding processes for nonferrous alloys. Conventional arc welding processes for aluminum alloys such as metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) are replaced by FSW. The effect of FSW parameters such as rotational and traverse speeds, tool geometry, plunge depth, tilt angle, etc., on weld quality were considered in several optimization studies. Hence, the effect of fixture position is included in this study. Multi-criteria decision-making (MDCM) techniques such as grey relational analysis (GRA) were used to determine the optimal condition among experimental runs designed by response surface methodology (RSM). The Taguchi method was widely applied with MCDM techniques. Therefore, the experiments were conducted according to response surface methodology. Input parameters were (14, 16 and 18) mm for shoulder diameter (SD), (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4) mm for plunge depth (PD), and (30, 60 and 90) mm for fixture position (FP), which is the distance between fixture bolts used to fix the welded plate. The results obtained by GRA were similar to the ANOVA optimizer, and the optimum process conditions are shoulder diameter of 14 mm, plunge depth of 0.2 mm, and fixture position of 60 mm.
Influence of different shaped charge parameters on jet penetration into metallic target
Authors: El-Sayed E E , Elshenawy T A , Shaker M A , Riad A M
Published: July 2022

In this paper, Autodyn-2D hydrocode is used to investigate the influence of shaped charge parameters on penetration performance. Two different algorithms of Autodyn-2D hydrocode are used to predict the jet penetration depthsinto steel target; they are: i)jetting analyses algorithm, and ii) jet formation and penetration algorithm. To validate the predictions of the present work, Autodyn hydrocode is fed with the data of tested shaped charges with different liner thicknesses. The predicted penetration depths are compared with the corresponding experimental measurements; good agreement is generally obtained. Then, the shaped charge with liner thickness of 1.1mm, that gives the maximum jet penetration into steel target, is selected to study the influence of other different shaped charge parameters on its penetration performance. These parameters include form, material and thickness of liner, standoff distance and type of high explosive material. The influence of each studied parameter is evaluated by comparing the jet penetration performance with that of the selected shaped charge. Samples of the obtained predicted results showing the influence of each shaped charge parameter on jet formation and its penetration depth into steel target are presented and discussed. Four configurations are simulated into Autodyn-2D hydrocode considering the parameters that improve the penetration performance of the selected shaped charge. The obtained predictions result in the replacement of RDX by HMX explosive type and increasing the standoff distance from 29 to 40mm of the selected shaped charge will improve its penetration capability by 28.5%.
Evaluation of through holes blades effect on wells turbine performance for wave energy conversion
Authors: Khalil M G , Kotb A T , Nawar M A , Mohamed M H
Published: July 2022

The air Wells turbine is one of the most prevalent and promising wave energy harvesting systems. Wells turbine converts the reciprocating energy of the ocean and sea waves into mechanical energy. However, it is characterized by low performance, a narrow operating range, and low efficiency. In this article, the effect of a number of through holes that are distributed along the blade span was evaluated. Typically, the number of holes, diameter, and position from the trailing edge were subjected in this parametric study. The performance parameters of the turbine ( The torque coefficient, turbine efficiency, and stagnation pressure drop coefficient ) were numerically studied at various flow coefficient values to express the Wells turbine performance. The CFD results for a tested turbine model with a blade profile of NACA0015 and solidity of 0.644 were validated against published experimental data. It was found that a turbine blade with seven holes of 2%C in diameter and attached at a distance of 2%C from the trailing edge demonstrated the best performance characteristics. Furthermore, the new through holes blade increased the maximum value of torque coefficient by 1.16 compared to the conventional blade at a flow coefficient of 0.225.
Reinforcement learning reward function in unmanned aerial vehicle control tasks
Authors: Tovarnov M S , Bykov N V
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a new reward function that can be used for deep reinforcement learning in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control and navigation problems. The reward function is based on the construction and estimation of the time of simplified trajectories to the target, which are third-order Bezier curves. This reward function can be applied unchanged to solve problems in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional virtual environments. The effectiveness of the reward function was tested in a newly developed virtual environment, namely, a simplified two-dimensional environment describing the dynamics of UAV control and flight, taking into account the forces of thrust, inertia, gravity, and aerodynamic drag. In this formulation, three tasks of UAV control and navigation were successfully solved: UAV flight to a given point in space, avoidance of interception by another UAV, and organization of interception of one UAV by another. The three most relevant modern deep reinforcement learning algorithms, Soft actor-critic, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, and Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient were used. All three algorithms performed well, indicating the effectiveness of the selected reward function.
Stabilization of a pendulum on an elastic foundation using a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Ivanova A D , Kharin N V , Smirnova V V , Tufanova E E , Sachenkov O A
Published: July 2022

The article describes the solution to the problem of stabilizing a nonlinear system using machine learning methods. Despite the existence of classical approaches for solving the optimal control problem, the need for other approaches still remains. Nowadays, solving this class of problems using artificial intelligence has become popular Neural networks are one of the promising directions in this area. The article describes a model of multilayer perceptron. A pendulum on an elastic foundation was chosen as a dynamic system for the study. To train the neural network supervised learning (backpropagation) algorithm was used. Different variants of the training sample were proposed: with pre-learning and synchronous learning. The article shows the process of stabilization of a pendulum on an elastic foundation. The closed system was built and a method for a numerical solution was implemented.
Theoretical basis, concept and methodology of control and correction of turbojet engines thrust asymmetry
Authors: Yu Burova A
Published: July 2022

The issues related to the study of the additional possibility of tightening the control of mutual conformity of the quality of turbojet engines in the conditions of their serial production and subsequent operation in the power plants of medium-haul aircraft and long-haul aircraft are considered. The purpose of the study is to develop new principles and corresponding digital methods for monitoring and correcting the thrust asymmetry of serial turbojet engines to improve the flight safety of medium-haul aircrafts and long-haul aircrafts with such engines. Methods of mathematical statistics and software modeling were used in the study. The results of the development of the concept and methodology of control and minimization of the thrust asymmetry of turbojet engines of one series in such conditions are presented.
Design study of a single bunch selection method for neutron TOF experiment at RAON heavy ion accelerator
Authors: Moon S.H. , Jeong J.Y. , Kwak D. , Jang J.H. , Chai K.-B. , Chung M.
Published: July 2022

To enable neutron time-of-flight (TOF) experiments at the RAON heavy-ion accelerator facility, we propose a single bunch beam selection method by combining a fast chopper and double gap buncher in the low-energy beam transport (LEBT) section. The fast chopper operates with switching times of tens of ns to convert a CW beam into a pulsed beam.
Then, the double gap buncher performs bunching to shorten the beam pulse duration to less than one radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) cycle.
Ideally, a single isolated bunch can be achieved after the RFQ.
In this study, we discuss the system design of the proposed single bunch selection scheme and present detailed beam dynamics simulations.
Response of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking to climate change
Authors: Steinfeld Daniel , Sprenger Michael , Beyerle Urs , Pfahl Stephan
Published: July 2022

Weather extremes are often associated with atmospheric blocking, but how the underlying physical processes leading to blocking respond to climate change is not yet fully understood. Here we track blocks as upper-level negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and apply a Lagrangian analysis to 100 years of present-day (∼2000) and future (∼2100, under the RCP8.5 scenario) climate simulations restarted from the Community Earth System Model–Large Ensemble Project runs (CESM-LENS) to identify different physical processes and quantify how their relative importance changes in a warmer and more humid climate. The trajectories reveal two contrasting airstreams that both contribute to the formation and maintenance of blocking: latent heating in strongly ascending airstreams (moist processes) and quasi-adiabatic flow near the tropopause with weak radiative cooling (dry processes). Both are reproduced remarkably well when compared against ERA-Interim reanalysis, and their relative importance varies regionally and seasonally. The response of blocks to climate change is complex and differs regionally, with a general increase in the importance of moist processes due to stronger latent heating (+1 K in the median over the Northern Hemisphere) and a larger fraction (+15%) of strongly heated warm conveyor belt air masses, most pronounced over the storm tracks. Future blocks become larger (+7%) and their negative PV anomaly slightly intensifies (+0.8%). Using a Theil–Sen regression model, we propose that the increase in size and intensity is related to the increase in latent heating, resulting in stronger cross-isentropic transport of air with low PV into the blocking anticyclones. Our findings provide evidence that moist processes become more important for the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the midlatitudes, with the potential for larger and more intense blocks.
Space Syntax Analysis for Assessment of TOD Area
Authors: Poerbo H W , Harimardika M R , Sugangga M , Soelaiman T M A , Imanullah H I , Yasin M P E
Published: July 2022

Currently, there are standards for planning of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas. These standards are published by various research institutions and governments in various developed countries. In Indonesia, the standard for planning for transit-oriented areas usually refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (ATR) number 16 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for the Development of Transit Oriented Areas. The research aims to find an instrument to assess the proposed development of a city area into a TOD area. There are currently many proposals for the development of the TOD area in Greater Jakarta and other big cities in Indonesia, because several areas around the planned mass public transport station are suitable to be developed as a TOD area. The construction of the MRT and LRT lines is the trigger for this development. The local government will be assisted by instrument in the process of evaluating the proposed TOD area plan, whether it will comply with the rules of a transit-oriented area. The research begins by selecting a series of TOD area design criteria that are suitable to economic, social, and climatic conditions in Indonesia. The selected criteria were tested by using the space syntax method to assess the existing areas that were planned to be developed. The results of the assessment of the existing area are then compared with the assessment of the area according to the proposed plan.