bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the cascade of mental healthcare among people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms in the UK and Ireland: The POPPY study
Authors: Okhai Hajra , Winston Alan , Post Frank , Boffito Marta , Mallon Patrick , Vera Jaime , Williams Ian , Sachikonye Memory , Johnson Margaret , Anderson Jane , Prechtl Christina , Sabin Caroline ,   The POPPY study group
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among people with HIV, which can negatively impact HIV‐related outcomes. We explore the cascade of mental healthcare for people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms.

Methods

People with HIV who were part of the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY) study (2013–2016) were included. A Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) score ≥10 or Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ≥16 was defined as moderate/severe depressive symptoms. Diagnosed depression and access to mental healthcare were self‐reported. A cascade of mental healthcare was explored, defining individuals experiencing depressive symptoms; those among them reporting a diagnosis of depression; and of this latter group, the proportion reporting accessing mental healthcare. Demographic, social and clinical characteristics were assessed at each step using logistic regression.

Results

Of the 1009 participants (65.5% ≥50 years, 85.8% male, 85.1% white), 387 (38.4%) individuals were experiencing depressive symptoms, over half of whom (54.3%) reported a diagnosis of depression. Only 43.3% of individuals with diagnosed depression reported accessing mental healthcare. Men [odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.92], people in a relationship (0.44, 0.33–0.59), those who were employed (0.28, 0.21–0.38) and those with university qualifications (0.54, 0.40–0.72) were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. Heterosexuals (0.30, 0.14–0.64) were less likely to report a diagnosed depression, whereas smokers were more likely to have a diagnosed depression (1.75, 1.10–2.77). Older individuals (2.36, 1.31–4.28) were less likely to have accessed mental healthcare.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the presence of unmet mental healthcare needs for people with HIV. We hope these findings will inform policies to streamline mental health services for people with HIV.
High‐temperature tribological behavior of hydrothermal MoS2 coating on TC6 surface treated by MAO method
Authors: Guo Junde , Feng Kaituo , Wang Xiaopeng , Yang Wei , Cheng Zhaohui , Sun Biao , Cao Wei , Meng Junhu
Published: December 2024

Titanium alloys have excellent mechanical properties, but poor tribological properties limit their application as dynamic friction components. Micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) is a technique to generate a ceramic layer on the metal surface to obtain better wear resistance, but the structure of the ceramic layer leads to a high coefficient of friction. In this study, MAO–MoS2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of titanium alloy (TC6) by a combination of MAO and hydrothermal reaction. The tribological performance of the composite coatings was investigated by a ball‐on‐disk high‐temperature tribometer under room temperature to 300°C, and the corresponding lubrication mechanism was revealed. The results show that the average friction coefficient of the composite coating is reduced by 89.1% and the wear rate is reduced by 91.4% compared to the pure TC6 at 300°C, which is attributed to the introduction of the MAO ceramic layer and MoS2 lubrication element synergistically improves the friction reduction and wear resistance of TC6. The findings of this study are expected to expand the engineering applications of titanium alloy components in aerospace and other related fields.
Do firms with works councils prefer agreeable job applicants? A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Pfeifer Harald , Wehner Caroline , de Grip Andries , Kensbock Julia M.
Published: December 2024

Works councils in many countries are involved in dismissal procedures and may therefore invoke high hold‐up costs for firms laying off workers. To avoid these conflicts, firms with a works council may have a stronger preference for more agreeable job applicants who have a low risk of dismissal. We conduct a discrete choice experiment among recruiters to assess their preferences regarding job applicants' personality traits and competence. In line with our expectations, we find that recruiters from works‐council firms more strongly prefer agreeable job applicants. We also find that more agreeable recruiters choose more agreeable employees, indicating a similarity‐attraction effect.
Annual Research Review: Micronutrients and their role in the treatment of paediatric mental illness
Authors: Rucklidge Julia J. , Bruton Alisha , Welsh Alanna , Ast Hayleigh , Johnstone Jeanette M.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this narrative review is to summarize evidence relating the importance of nutrient intake from diet and supplementation for paediatric mental health. We begin by reviewing several mechanisms by which nutrients maximize brain health, including enabling metabolic reactions to occur, supporting mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and assisting with detoxification. Circumstances that may contribute to an individual requiring additional nutrients beyond what are available in the diet, such as consumption of nutritionally depleted food, individual differences in biological need, long‐term medication use and gut–brain health needs are then reviewed. These factors underpin the importance of tackling deficiencies relative to individual metabolic requirements with a broad spectrum of micronutrients, as opposed to a single nutrient approach, to address personal metabolic needs and/or environmentally induced nutrient depletions. The evidence for treating psychological symptoms with supplementary micronutrients is presented, summarizing research using broad‐spectrum micronutrients in the treatment of mental health issues including aggression, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and emotional dysregulation, often with medium between‐group effect sizes compared with placebo, with clinically meaningful changes. The breadth and consistency of the findings highlight the importance of receiving a complete foundation of nutrients to optimize brain health; however, the small number of studies identifies the importance of future work to replicate these preliminary findings. Documented safety in 8‐week randomized controlled trials with open‐label extensions up to 16 weeks and longer‐term follow‐up for 1.5–5 years in smaller samples provide reassurance that this treatment approach does not result in serious adverse events. We provide recommendations for future research including consistency in micronutrient interventions, scalable delivery models, effectiveness and implementation studies and the need to investigate these interventions in the prevention and management of less‐studied childhood psychiatric conditions.
AttributeRank: An Algorithm for Attribute Ranking in Clinical Variable Selection
Authors: Atsa'am Donald Douglas , Wario Ruth , Khomokhoana Pakiso
Published: December 2024

Background

Risk difference is a valuable measure of association in epidemiology and healthcare which has the potential to be used in medical and clinical variable selection.

Objective

In this study, an attribute ranking algorithm, called AttributeRank, was developed to facilitate variable selection from clinical data sets.

Methods

The algorithm computes the risk difference between a predictor and the response variable to determine the level of importance of a predictor. The performance of the algorithm was compared with some existing variable selection algorithms using five clinical data sets on neonatal birthweight, bacterial survival after treatment, myocardial infarction, breast cancer, and diabetes.

Results

The variable subsets selected by AttributeRank yielded the highest average classification accuracy across the data sets, compared to Fisher score, Pearson's correlation, variable importance function, and Chi‐Square.

Conclusion

AttributeRank proved to be more valuable in attribute ranking of clinical data sets compared to the existing algorithms and should be implemented in a user‐friendly application in future research.
The 6‐Item Self‐Efficacy Scale in Chronic Disease Management in Women With Endometriosis: A Turkish Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Arslan Tarus Hamide , Demirci Nurdan
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to adapt the 6‐Item Self‐Efficacy Scale for Chronic Disease Management (SEMDC‐6S) to women with endometriosis in the Turkish population and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods

This methodological study comprised of 200 women with endometriosis. The construct validity of the scale was tested using the confirmatory factor analysis methods. The reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item‐total score correlations and test‐retest reliability analysis.

Results

It was determined that the SEMDC‐6S consisted of six items and one subscale. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit index values of the scale were found to be acceptable. The intraclass correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was 0.95, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.76.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the SEMDC‐6S is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the self‐efficacy of women with endometriosis.
Uncertainty‐informed regional deformation diagnosis of arch dams
Authors: Chen Xudong , Sun Wenhao , Hu Shaowei , Li Liuyang , Gu Chongshi , Guo Jinjun , Wei Bowen , Xu Bo
Published: December 2024

Accurately predicting dam deformation is crucial for understanding its operational status. However, existing models struggle to effectively capture the spatiotemporal correlations in monitoring data and quantify uncertainty within dam systems. This paper presents an innovative uncertainty quantification model for evaluating regional deformation in arch dams. First, a method to extract the spatiotemporal correlation features is proposed. Considering the multidimensional deformation at measurement points, correlations among various points are analyzed through improved self‐organizing map clustering and federated Kalman filtering. Second, a temporal convolutional network is employed for improved lower and upper bound estimation, and a quality‐driven loss function is adopted to optimize model parameters. Finally, engineering case studies demonstrate that this model can generate reliable prediction intervals for regional deformation, thereby aiding in risk analysis and diagnostics.
A comparison of photo‐ID and signature whistle based capture‐recapture abundance estimates of common bottlenose dolphin
Authors: Sharpe Matt , Berggren Per
Published: December 2024

Providing abundance estimates for cetaceans is essential for their conservation and management. Passive acoustics provide a cost‐effective option that is being increasingly explored. One promising approach is to use signature whistles within a capture‐recapture framework. In this study, both photo‐ID and acoustic data of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were collected between August and October 2019 off Northumberland, United Kingdom. A total of 26 surveys were conducted and 5771 h of acoustic data were recorded across three sites. The resulting photo‐ID catalog contained 43 noncalf individuals and 45 unique signature whistle types were identified using the SIGnature IDentification method. Each dataset was analyzed using closed capture‐recapture models and different modeling approaches were considered for the whistle data, including Spatially Explicit Capture Recapture (SECR). The resulting total abundance estimate from photo‐ID data was 60 (95% CI 49 to 73) individuals. Using the photo‐ID estimate as benchmark, the whistle data modeling approach that provided the most similar estimate was SECR, resulting in 66 (95% CI 56–104) individuals. The study provides further evidence of the applicability of using signature whistles for estimating abundance of bottlenose dolphins and provides the first abundance estimates for the species off Northumberland, United Kingdom.
Gone too far? The paradoxical effect of political elite radicalization
Authors: Hebel‐Sela Shira , Aldar Lee , Orian Harel Tal , Hameiri Boaz , Pliskin Ruthie , Halperin Eran
Published: December 2024

How does the rise of ideologically extreme leaders affect attitudes and beliefs among their supporters? Previous research on paradoxical thinking suggests that when individuals are exposed to a radicalized version of their held beliefs, they moderate them in response. However, it is yet unknown whether, how, and among whom, such moderation occurs in response to radicalization of individuals' favored leaders. The proposed study examines how an unfolding real‐world manifestation of a paradoxical thinking intervention—that is, the radical and extreme policies carried out by the newly elected Israeli government—affects the political attitudes of the government's supporters. Using a longitudinal design, we examined how pre‐election attitudes (N = 589 government supporters) moderate, radicalize, or remain unchanged following the announcement and implementation of radical policies. Over four time points, we also examine the psychological mechanisms mediating the policies' moderating impact, to disentangle the reciprocal or paradoxical effects of radicalization among leaders on the public.
From protests to polls: A study on voting intentions in Lebanon
Authors: Harb Charles
Published: December 2024

This study examines collective action intentions in Lebanon, a country characterized by fragmented demographics and recent sociopolitical turmoil. Through a nationally representative survey of 1200 Lebanese individuals conducted just before national elections, we explore the impact of sociopolitical orientations, emotions, and social cohesion factors on voting intentions and collective action. The findings reveal significant emotional distress among the population, widespread distrust in political institutions, and varying degrees of political engagement influenced by sociodemographic factors such as wealth and education. Notably, the study challenges conventional collective action theories by showing the limited predictive power of social identities for voting behavior, instead highlighting the influence of individuals' social networks and emotional states on their political action intentions. This research contributes to the understanding of political engagement in volatile contexts, offering insights into the complex dynamics of collective action and voting behavior in Lebanon.
The influence of lexical word properties on selective attention to emotional words: Support for the attentional tuning of valent word forms
Authors: Schmuck Jonas , Schnuerch Robert , Voltz Emely , Kirsten Hannah , Gibbons Henning
Published: December 2024

Using event‐related potentials, it was found that selective attention to valence facilitates early affective discrimination of words with task‐relevant valence and inhibits affective processing of words with task‐irrelevant valence. This attention‐based modulation of affective processing presumably relies on prior associative learning linking visual word forms with their affects. To investigate this hypothesis, we employed a valence‐detection task and manipulated lexical (length, frequency) and affective (arousal) word features. Since we assumed that these features strongly influence the strength of visual form–affect associations, we expected them to play a crucial role in early affective discrimination. Fifty‐eight participants made speeded responses only to words of one predefined target level of valence (negative, neutral, or positive), which varied across three blocks. As expected, the visual P1 component yielded greater valence discrimination for the target than for nontarget words. This interactive effect was most prominent for short, high‐frequency and low‐arousal words, respectively. Regarding the N170 component, low‐frequency words showed higher amplitudes when they were either positive low‐arousing or negative high‐arousing compared with the other two sets of words, independently of target status. Additionally, an average‐referenced EPN‐like posterior negativity (150–270 ms) revealed a target‐independent interaction between valence and arousal and increased amplitudes for negative target words. Results extend previous research in showing that particularly short and highly frequent valent word forms can be tuned by selective attention to valence, facilitating early affective discrimination. Finally, findings support the notion that valence and arousal interact during early preattentive, bottom‐up processing which is interpreted within the valence–arousal conflict theory.
Cultura tributaria y cumplimiento tributario en personas generadoras de rentas de cuarta categoría en Perú
Authors: Gómez Jacinto Luis Gerardo , Elías Quinde Fredy Armando , Vásquez de la Cruz Mabel Alejandra
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la relación existente entre cultura tributaria y cumplimiento tributario de los ciudadanos que generan ingresos de cuarta categoría en Perú. El impuesto a los ingresos catalogados como de cuarta categoría es pagado por personas físicas que realizan actividades laborales de manera autónoma. Este artículo es relevante debido a que el pago de impuestos genera un impacto significativo en los ingresos fiscales de un país. La literatura establece que la cultura tributaria precede al pago de impuestos. El estudio abarcó una muestra de 384 ciudadanos afectos al pago del impuesto a la renta. Se aplicó un cuestionario para recoger la información a analizar y se utilizó el Rho de Spearman para relacionar las variables. Los resultados demostraron que los contribuyentes afectos al pago del impuesto a los ingresos de cuarta categoría en Perú tienen un nivel medio de cultura tributaria. Así mismo, el nivel de cumplimiento tributario fue medio. También se encontró que hay una relación directa y significativa entre cultura tributaria y cumplimiento tributario en Perú. Estos resultados confirman que la cultura tributaria es un factor que influye en los contribuyentes a pagar sus obligaciones tributarias.
Influencia de rotación y margen sobre la rentabilidad del sector consumo no cíclico listado en la Bolsa de Valores de Brasil
Authors: Vazquez Carrazana Xiomara Esther , Silva de Almeida Neirilaine , Miranda Gilberto José
Published: December 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el poder explicativo y predictivo de rotación y margen sobre ROA en el sector consumo no cíclico del mercado de capital abierto brasileño durante el período 2010-2021. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa en el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y la regresión con datos en panel con corrección de errores estándar robustos. El estudio contempla una muestra de 27 empresas con acciones negociadas en la B3, Bolsa de Valores de Brasil, y el análisis empírico fue realizado utilizando 239 observaciones de los indicadores objeto de estudio en el periodo indicado. Los resultados manifestaron que en estas empresas el margen explica mejor la rentabilidad del período corriente, contrario a otros estudios, y la rotación de activos posee una mayor cualidad de predicción para la rentabilidad futura, lo que confirma los resultados anteriores. La principal limitación de este trabajo fue no controlar información sobre la inflación y la fuerza competitiva del mercado. La principal laguna y posibilidades de continuidad por otros estudios es la aplicación del análisis, por separado, en grupos de empresas del sector con diferentes niveles de rentabilidad.
Ultralow impact energy dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry with nonfully oxidizing surface conditions
Authors: Merkulov A.
Published: December 2024

Main accent of this research at ultralow impact energy sputtering is a primary beam species selection to facilitate data interpretation and to improve the quantification of very shallow boron implants. The effects present during the very low energy sputtering with O2+ produce the nonuniform sputtering and ion yield variation within the first nanometer of SIMS depth profiling. The experiments using sputtering beam formed in the ion source supplied with different gas mixture including a variable oxygen fraction were performed. It was concluded that the modification of sputtering conditions by reducing the O2+ content in the sputtering beam is capable of providing an accurate characterization of low energy boron implantation wafers.
Hypersensitive meta-crack strain sensor for real-time biomedical monitoring
Authors: Lee Jae-Hwan , Kim Yoon-Nam , Lee Junsang , Jeon Jooik , Bae Jae-Young , Lee Ju-Yong , Kim Kyung-Sub , Chae Minseong , Park Hyunjun , Kim Jong-hyoung , Lee Kang-Sik , Kim Jeonghyun , Hyun Jung Keun , Kang Daeshik , Kang Seung-Kyun
Published: December 2024

Real-time monitoring of infinitesimal deformations on complex morphologies is essential for precision biomechanical engineering. While flexible strain sensors facilitate real-time monitoring with shape-adaptive properties, their sensitivity is generally lower than spectroscopic imaging methods. Crack-based strain sensors achieve enhanced sensitivity with gauge factors (GFs) exceeding 30,000; however, such GFs are only attainable at large strains exceeding several percent and decline below 10 for strains under 10
−3
, rendering them inadequate for minute deformations. Here, we introduce hypersensitive and flexible “meta-crack” sensors detecting infinitesimal strains through previously undiscovered crack-opening mechanisms. These sensors achieve remarkable GFs surpassing 1000 at strains of 10
−4
on substrates with a Poisson’s ratio of −0.9. The crack orientation–independent gap-widening behavior elucidates the origin of hypersensitivity, corroborated by simplified models and finite element analysis. Additionally, parallel mechanical circuits of meta-cracks effectively address the trade-off between resolution and maximum sensing threshold. In vivo real-time monitoring of cerebrovascular dynamics with a strain resolution of 10
−5
underscores the hypersensitivity and conformal adaptability of sensors.
Inception of ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions: Morphostructural analysis and dynamics in the early back-arc extension of the northern Okinawa Trough
Authors: Koge Hiroaki , Sato Taichi , Arimoto Jun , Otsubo Makoto , Ishino Saki , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Ishizuka Osamu , Harigane Yumiko , Misawa Ayanori , Inoue Takahiko , Yamashita Mikiya , Furuyama Seishiro , Yokoyama Yuka , Sato Yusuke , Mori Takami , Minami Hiroki , Tamura Chiori
Published: December 2024

We explored the early stages of back-arc extension in the vicinity of the Tokara Islands in the northern Okinawa Trough to gain insight into the inception of ridge-ridge-ridge (RRR) triple junctions. Detailed bathymetric surveys within the trough identified numerous lineaments indicative of active faulting. Using k-means clustering based on the orientation of these lineaments, we identified three distinct fault systems corresponding to the Okinawa Trough, the Tokara Gap, and the Yokoate Echelon Knoll Chains. Further analysis of centroid moment tensor (CMT) solutions near each fault system suggested that normal faulting predominates in all three systems. Stress inversions of the CMT solutions showed that these systems were formed under a unified north-south extensional stress regime, corresponding to the rifting of the Okinawa Trough. We inferred the following mechanism: The curved arc causes arc-parallel rifting to occur during back-arc rifting; thus, a single stress field drives extension in two directions, thereby achieving the conditions necessary for RRR formation. The persistence of this tectonic regime, contingent on the continued expansion of the Okinawa Trough, may foster conditions conducive to the future development of an apparent RRR triple junction.
Supplemental Material: On-land evidence for subduction of the proto–South China Sea beneath northern Borneo and tectonic reconstruction of Southeast Asia during the early Permian–Oligocene
Authors: Zhang Xin-Chang , al. et
Published: December 2024

Table S1: Location and mineral composition of the andesite tuff analyzed by TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA). Table S2: Zircon U-Pb ages and in situ Lu-Hf isotopes of the Sabah tuffs. Table S3: Whole-rock major and trace elements of the Sabah tuffs. Table S4: Location, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Nd isotope values of the Eocene–Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Table S5: Detailed zircon geochemistry of the Sabah tuffs, including trace-element analysis.
Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma developed in a normal liver in a young patient with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2
Authors: Kirihata Naoki , Nakano Yoshiko , Moriyoshi Koki , Miyamoto Shin'ichi
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in young patients is rare, and the most common cause is hepatitis B viral infection. We report a case of ruptured HCC in a man in his 30s with a body mass index of 33 kg/m² without hepatitis viral infection. He had multiple HCC with distant metastases at the first visit. On the 6th day after admission, he underwent transcatheter arterial embolisation for HCC rupture, but died the following day. Pathological autopsy revealed moderately to poorly differentiated HCC without evidence of fibrolamellar carcinoma, which is common in young patients with HCC. Based on his history of obesity and fatty liver, we presumed that he had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. However, his non-neoplastic liver was normal. The HCC might have developed from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, followed by regression of the underlying hepatic steatosis as the patient lost weight owing to HCC progression.
Enamel hypoplasia: a potential diagnostic aid in DiGeorge syndrome
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Singh Ramandeep , Wander Arvinder
Published: December 2024

Dental enamel, renowned as the hardest substance in the human body, serves as a resilient outer layer that safeguards the tooth crown. Acting as a formidable barrier, it shields the dental pulp from physical, thermal and chemical harm. The appearance of enamel, characterised by its opacity and colour, mirrors its unique structure and composition. Developmental anomalies or external factors influencing enamel formation often manifest as noticeable changes in its visual characteristics. Unlike bone, enamel lacks cells and remains unaltered once mineralised. Enamel hypoplasia may arise from various causes, whether as part of a broader syndrome or in isolation. Managing enamel hypoplasia is crucial due to its heightened susceptibility to tooth decay. Furthermore, enamel hypoplasia can serve as a diagnostic marker for syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. This case study will delve into managing enamel hypoplasia and its role in diagnosing DiGeorge syndrome.
Optimal timing of anti-PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy administration in patients with NSCLC
Authors: Huo Yachang , Wang Dan , Yang Shuangning , Xu Yujie , Qin Guohui , Zhao Chenhui , Lei Qingyang , Zhao Qitai , Liu Yaqing , Guo Kaiyuan , Ouyang Songyun , Sun Ting , Wang Hongmin , Fan Feifei , Han Na , Liu Hong , Chen Hongjie , Miao Lijun , Liu Li , Duan Yuqing , Lv Wei , Liu Lihua , Zhang Zhixin , Cang Shundong , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

Background

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy simultaneously is regarded as the standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by current clinical guidelines. Different immune statuses induced by chemotherapy considerably affect the synergistic effects of the chemo-anti-PD-1 combination. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal timing of combination treatment administration.

Methods

The dynamic immune status induced by chemotherapy was observed in paired peripheral blood samples of patients with NSCLC using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Ex vivo studies and metastatic lung carcinoma mouse models were used to evaluate immune activity and explore the optimal combination timing. A multicenter prospective clinical study of 170 patients with advanced NSCLC was performed to assess clinical responses, and systemic immunity was assessed using omics approaches.

Results

PD-1 expression on CD8+T cells was downregulated on day 1 (D1) and D2, but recovered on D3 after chemotherapy administration, which is regulated by the calcium influx-P65 signaling pathway. Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells was markedly reduced on D3. RNA sequencing analysis showed that T-cell function began to gradually recover on D3 rather than on D1. In addition, ex vivo and in vivo studies have shown that anti-PD-1 treatment on D3 after chemotherapy may enhance the antitumor response and considerably inhibit tumor growth. Finally, in clinical practice, a 3-day-delay sequential combination enhanced the objective response rate (ORR, 68%) and disease control rate (DCR, 98%) compared with the simultaneous combination (ORR=37%; DCR=81%), and prolonged progression-free survival to a greater extent than the simultaneous combination. The new T-cell receptor clones were effectively expanded, and CD8+T-cell activity was similarly recovered.

Conclusions

A 3-day-delay sequential combination might increase antitumor responses and clinical benefits compared with the simultaneous combination.
Research on Sports Data Mining and Sports Training Decision Support System Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: He Ya Mei , Luo Wei Dong
Published: December 2024

In order to realize the rapid mining of sports data and intelligently formulate the sports training scheme that matches the athletes’ sports state, this paper studies the sports data mining and sports training decision support system based on big data technology. Leveraging MapReduce and OLAP, the system efficiently mines sports data and applies an improved Apriori algorithm to extract frequent itemsets tailored to athletes’ current states. These itemsets directly inform personalized training schemes, enhancing decision support for athletes. Experiments confirm the system’s scalability and precision in large-scale sports databases, effectively matching athletes’ training needs.
Intelligent Sports Intensity Monitoring Method Based on Embedded Web Sensors
Authors: Renle Wu , Ouyang Bo
Published: December 2024

Sports have great benefits for human health, and monitoring the intensity of sports operation can help adjust the state of human health. However, there are certain shortcomings in the current methods for monitoring sports intensity. Therefore, this paper designs an intelligent sports intensity monitoring method based on embedded web sensors. By analyzing the changes in the human body state during sports, the monitoring data of intelligent sports intensity are determined, including heart rate intensity, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature during exercise, and tilt angle changes during exercise. Such data are used as the object for monitoring exercise intensity, and by adopting a nonintegrated approach, changes in the monitoring environment are determined, designing a dedicated embedded network system with web server functionality, and completing the design of an embedded web sensor monitoring system. Based on the embedded web sensor monitoring system, periodic and nonperiodic key points during human sports are determined, the peak and valley values of acceleration changes during human sports are calculated, and a first-order autoregressive model is established to determine the relationship between monitoring data during human sports. The monitoring data are input into the embedded web sensor monitoring system to complete the monitoring. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has good performance in monitoring sports intensity.
Decision Support for Managers: Using Algorithms to Optimize the Student Management Decision-Making Process
Authors: Li Hongli , Liu Yang , Wang Hui
Published: December 2024

Distant learning revealed the requirement for evolution in education to adapt to social distinctions and modern technology. Teachers are assessed on their ability to teach as well as motivated and their students are influenced by a variety of factors. Enhancing comprehension and boosting student education and educational success are receiving more attention. To strengthen the processes of decision-making by streamlining data mining tasks, this research proposes an algorithmic-driven decision support system (Algo-DSS) technique. Initially, we gathered a graduate-level academic sample with a variety of attributes. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Principal Component analysis (PCA) techniques are used to extract the particular characteristics regarding dimensionality reduction. Moreover, the suggested structure for the feature extraction procedures encompasses the clustering methodology. This paper presents the unique swarm-inspired dynamic catboost (SIDCatBoost) approach for enhanced classification performance. The effective feature subsets are chosen using the swarm approach which is known as rock hyraxes optimization (RHO) and then fed into the catboost technique. Employing the suggested framework, the issue of mining academic information has been carefully investigated with the aim of evaluating student performance. In addition to demonstrating a significant boost in performance through the use of a technique for choosing discriminative data attributes, the task of classification was completed with excellent results. Algo-DSS has the potential to be a helpful tool in educational settings, especially for enhancing processes of decision-making, as demonstrated by the conducted study.
N-Gram-Based Translation Consistency Detection Method for Cultural External Propaganda Terms
Authors: Liu Dongni
Published: December 2024

Some terms may contain multiple components, each part has its own specific meaning, and the overall meaning may have new changes, which increases the difficulty of translation. Therefore, there are problems such as poor test results in the consistency test of translation of cultural external propaganda terms. To this end, this paper designs a translation consistency detection method for cultural external promotion terms based on N-gram. The distance function is used to characterize the translation data vector of cultural external propaganda terms, the characteristics of the translation data of cultural external propaganda terms are determined through the word frequency statistical method, and the correlation between the translation data of cultural external propaganda terms is analyzed with the help of Laplace smoothing method, so as to realize the relationship analysis of the translation data of cultural external propaganda terms. Set the consistency detection rules for the translation of cultural external publicity terms, including: functional dependency, conditional functional dependence, inclusion dependency, negative constraints, time constraints, Fixing rules, and numerical rules. Based on these rule settings, the translation of cultural external publicity terms is clarified. Design the overall structure of the translation consistency detection of cultural external promotion terms based on N-gram, that is, dictionary generation module, data processing module, translation data generation module, and translation data filtering module. According to the functions of different modules, the translation data of cultural external promotion terms are extracted, and a translation consistency detection model of cultural external promotion terms is designed based on N-gram, input the extracted translation data of cultural external promotion terms, and complete the consistency detection. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the translation consistency detection results of cultural external propaganda terms.
Rationally connected threefolds with nef and bad anticanonical divisor, II
Authors: Xie Zhixin
Published: December 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a smooth complex projective rationally connected threefold with [Formula: see text] being nef and not semi-ample. In our previous work, we classified all such threefolds when [Formula: see text] has no fixed divisor. In this paper, we continue our classification when [Formula: see text] has a non-zero fixed divisor. We show that the mobile part of [Formula: see text] can be non-rational, and in this case a general member of the mobile part of [Formula: see text] has exactly two irreducible components. We give a complete classification in this case and we also describe the cones of curves of the threefolds appearing in the classification.
Triality and the homogeneous linearization of quasigroups
Authors: Smith Jonathan D. H.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, triality refers to the [Formula: see text]-symmetry of the language of quasigroups, which is related to, but distinct from, the notion of triality as the [Formula: see text]-symmetry of the Dynkin diagram [Formula: see text]. The paper investigates a homogeneous method for rendering the linearization of quasigroups (over a commutative ring) naturally invariant under the action of the triality group, on the basis of an appropriate algebra generated by three invertible, non-commuting coefficient variables that is isomorphic to the group algebra of the free group on two generators. The algebra has a natural quotient given by setting the square of each generating variable to be [Formula: see text]. The quotient is an algebra of quaternions over the underlying ring, in a way reminiscent of how symmetric groups appear as quotients of braid groups on declaring the generators to be involutions. The corresponding quasigroups (which are described as quaternionic) are characterized by three equivalent pairs of quasigroup identities, permuted by the triality symmetry. The three pairs of identities are logically independent of each other. Totally symmetric quasigroups (such as Steiner triple systems) are quaternionic.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of an Extradosed Cable-Stayed Bridge in Urban Rail Transit Under Dynamic Train Load
Authors: Li Huile , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhan Jiawang , Yan Huan
Published: December 2024

With the urban rail transit construction boom, more and more extradosed cable-stayed bridges have been built and put into service in the urban rail transit lines, due to the advantages of aesthetic appearance and high stiffness. There are distinct dynamic characteristics of the metro train and extradosed cable-stayed bridge system, which have rarely been explored. This paper presents the numerical and experimental investigation of an extradosed cable-stayed bridge under dynamic train load in urban rail transit with the maximum span among its type of bridge in China. Three vehicle modes with different degrees of freedom and two bridge finite element models are adopted to perform the dynamic analysis of the metro train and extradosed cable-stayed bridge system. Moreover, the bridge is instrumented in a comprehensive field measurement campaign including ambient vibration testing, static load testing, and dynamic load testing. The collected modal parameters and static and dynamic responses of the bridge are employed to validate the established numerical models. Dynamic characteristics of the analyzed bridge are subsequently explored. In particular, dynamic effects of the main components including the main girder, pylons, and inclined cables are examined considering a variety of operational conditions. This study provides an effective method for analyzing the dynamic responses and valuable insights into the dynamic performance of large-span extradosed cable-stayed bridges under metro train load in urban rail transit.
Integral Zariski decompositions on smooth projective surfaces
Authors: Li Sichen
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we characterize smooth projective surfaces on which every integral pseudoeffective divisor has an integral Zariski decomposition.
Matching powers of monomial ideals and edge ideals of weighted oriented graphs
Authors: Erey Nursel , Ficarra Antonino
Published: December 2024

We introduce the concept of matching powers of monomial ideals. Let [Formula: see text] be a monomial ideal of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a field. The [Formula: see text]th matching power of [Formula: see text] is the monomial ideal [Formula: see text] generated by the products [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a sequence of support-disjoint monomials contained in [Formula: see text]. This concept naturally generalizes the notion of squarefree powers of squarefree monomial ideals. We study the normalized depth function of matching powers of monomial ideals and provide bounds for the regularity and projective dimension of edge ideals of weighted oriented graphs. When [Formula: see text] is a non-quadratic edge ideal of a weighted oriented graph that contains no even cycles, we characterize when [Formula: see text] has a linear resolution.
Stability Maintenance, Preventive Repression, and Contentious Politics in China under Xi Jinping’s Rule
Authors: ONG LYNETTE H. , LUO KEVIN WEI
Published: December 2024

The recent authoritarian turn in Chinese politics under Xi Jinping has invigorated interest in the concept of “public security,” a metamorphosis of the term “weiwen” (stability maintenance) fashioned by his predecessor Hu Jintao. Both concepts emphasize a preventive repression that involves a whole-of-society approach to preserving social order. Drawing on an original protest dataset and the Chinese government statistics on public security spending, we conduct an empirical study of the repression-protest nexus to investigate the extent to which the Chinese state has been effective in preempting social contention. While we find correlational evidence of increased security spending and a decline in protests, this provides modest support for the strategy’s effectiveness. Despite political tightening under Xi, we find evidence for increased frequency, larger size, and pluralization of grievances for protests during his rule. Overall, our methodological approach allows us to compare contention and repression between the Hu–Wen and Xi periods and to investigate the empirical evidence for preventive repression, which lies at the core of the Chinese approach to the preservation of social order.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Acoustic Waves in Bubbly Liquids with a Non-Homogeneous Bubble Distribution
Authors: Cheng Yuezhu , Shi Jie , Cao Yuan , Fu Xiaoyue , Yang Huanran
Published: December 2024

In this work, a time-domain model of the two-dimensional acoustic field in a bubble-containing fluid medium is established. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to simulate sound field bubbly liquids with a non-homogeneous bubble distribution. The distribution of the sound field in two-dimensional space when sound waves propagate in a special equivalent medium is analyzed in detail. The results show that bubbles affect not only the speed of sound and attenuation of sound waves in the medium but also the nonlinear phenomenon can be clearly observed during numerical analysis.
Amalgamation of 3D printing and surface modification: A new approach for biomedical applications
Authors: Nigade Onkar , Sonje Dhiraj P. , Prabhakar Bala , Shende Pravin
Published: December 2024

The ever-increasing demand for specialized products and large stipulation of personalized healthcare result in accelerated development of modified three-dimensional (3D)-printed surfaces for medical devices and implants. The amalgamation of surface modification techniques with 3D printing is believed to be a time-saving and cost-efficient method capable of satisfying multiple demands. This convergence positions surface-modified 3D printing as an exemplary methodology in the realm of biomedicine. This review article aims to elucidate various surface functionalization strategies available for biomedical applications, such as deposition processing, etching treatment, self-assembly polymerization, and surface grafting, and delves into the distinctive advantages conferred by these strategies, such as superwetting, enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial action, and anticorrosive properties. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of the practical implementation of these strategies in real-world scenarios; in addition to outlining the positive aspects, this review offers insights into the prospective development and potential challenges associated with the practical application of these techniques in the real world.
A Universal Sketch for Estimating Heavy Hitters and Per-Element Frequency Moments in Data Streams with Bounded Deletions
Authors: Zheng Liang , Xiao Qingjun , Cai Xuyuan
Published: December 2024

In the field of data stream processing, there are two prevalent models, i.e., insertion-only, and turnstile models. Most previous works were proposed for the insertion-only model, which assumes new elements arrive continuously as a stream, and neglects the possibilities of removing existing elements. In this paper, we make a
bounded deletion
assumption, putting a constraint on the number of deletions allowed. For such a turnstile stream, we focus on a new problem of
universal measurement
that estimates multiple kinds of statistical metrics simultaneously using limited memory and in an online fashion, including per-element frequency, heavy hitters, frequency moments, and frequency distribution. There are two key challenges for processing a turnstile stream with bounded deletions. Firstly, most previous methods for detecting heavy hitters cannot ensure a bounded detection error when there are deletion events. Secondly, there is still no prior work to estimate the per-element frequency moments under turnstile model, especially in an online fashion. In this paper, we address the former challenge by proposing a Removable Augmented Sketch, and address the latter by a Removable Universal Sketch, enhanced with an Online Moment Estimator. In addition, we improve the accuracy of frequency estimation by a compressed counter design, which can halve the memory cost of a frequency counter and support addition/minus operations. Our experiments show that our solution outperforms other algorithms by 16%~69% in F1 Score of heavy hitter detection, and improves the throughput of frequency moment estimation by 3.0x10
4
times.