bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin Film of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Material Prepared by Sputtering Method
Authors: Djamal Mitra , Ramli
Published: September 2013

In recent decades, a new magnetic sensor based on magnetoresistance effect is highly researched and developed intensively. GMR material has great potential as next generation magnetic field sensing devices. It has also good magnetic and electric properties, and high potential to be developed into various applications of electronic devices such as: magnetic field sensor, current measurements, linear and rotational position sensor, data storage, head recording, and non-volatile magnetic random access memory. GMR material can be developed to be solid state magnetic sensors that are widely used in low field magnetic sensing applications. A solid state magnetic sensor can directly convert magnetic field into resistance, which can be easily detected by applying a sense current or voltage. Generally, there are many sensors for measuring the low magnetic field, such as: fluxgate sensor, Hall sensor, induction coil, GMR sensor, and SQUID sensor. Compared to other low magnetic field sensing techniques, solid state sensors have demonstrated many advantages, such as: small size (<0.1mm2), low power, high sensitivity (~0.1Oe) and good compatibility with CMOS technology. The thin film of GMR is usually prepared using: sputtering, electro deposition or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. But so far, not many researchers reported the manufacture of thin film of GMR by dc-Opposed Target Magnetron Sputtering (dc-OTMS). In this paper, we inform the development of GMR thin film with sandwich and spin valve structures using dc-OTMS method. We have also developed organic GMR with Alq3 as a spacer layer.
Preparation of Water-Repellent and Flame-Retardant Coating on Mulberry Paper
Authors: Jindasuwan Sunisa , Sukmanee Nattinee , Supanpong Chanida , Nimittrakoolchai On-uma , Supothina Sitthisuntorn
Published: September 2013

A mulberry paper has been used to produce many consumer products such as lantern, card, packaging and decorating articles. Similar to other cellulosic materials, the mulberry paper bears abundant hydroxyl groups on its surface. Besides easily ignited, it can absorb water or humidity. To improve its thermal stability and to reduce deterioration caused by moisture adsorption, the mulberry paper was coated with a flame-retardant substance which was monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and a hydrophobic substance which was poly (methylhydrogen siloxane) (PMHS). The coating was conducted by immersing the mulberry paper in coating solution for 2 min followed by drying at 50 °C for 30 min. By varying a weight ratio of the PMHS and MAP, the PMHS:MAP weight ratio of 10:10 was found to be the optimum coating solution. The coated mulberry paper had good thermal property according to the thermogravimetric analysis. The uncoated mulberry paper showed residue of about 21% while the coated mulberry paper showed the increased residue of more than 50%. The burning test revealed that the coated mulberry paper was self-extinguished after removal of the ignition source while complete burning was observed on the uncoated paper. Moreover, it was water repellent with a water contact angle of 101.48 ± 5.81 degrees.
Growth of CNTs Using Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Carbon Source by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
Authors: Toboonsung Buppachat , Singjai Pisith
Published: September 2013

Carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method which used the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as carbon source and NiO powder as catalysts. The experiment was carried out by heating catalyst at 450°C for 0.5 h and synthesized CNTs at 750°C for 1-5 h in tube furnace using the LPG rates of 5-20 ml/min. The product was characterized by carbon yield product, SEM, TEM, Raman, XRD and the electrical resistivity. It was found that the yield product increased with increasing the synthesis of time and the mean diameter in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm. The optimum condition of the synthesis of CNTs was found at LPG flow rate of 10 ml/min, synthesis time of 4 h and obtained the electrical resistivity of 0.62 Ω.cm.
New Family of Ruthenium-Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) with a High Solar-Energy-Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Thathong Yuranan , Traipop Kraisak , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Jitchati Rukkiat
Published: September 2013

Two ruthenium complexes (5 and 6) with bipyridinedipyridophenazine ancillary ligands have been synthesized in an attempt to increase the π-conjugated system as well as to increase the optical extinction coefficient. Structural characterization was determined by proton NMR spectra. The photophysical and electro chemical were studied by UV-Vis and cyclic voltrammetry, respectively. The DSSCs fabrications of both ruthenium dyes were studied under 1.5 AM standard irradiation (100 mWcm2) and reported in the factor of solar-light-to-electricity conversion efficiency, a short-circuit current density, an open-circuit photovoltage, and a fill factor (compared with N3 dye).
Upconversion Luminescence and Optical Studies of Nd3+ in Bismuth Borate Glasses
Authors: Chamlek Onanong , Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Kim Hong Joo , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

Neonymium doped bismuth borate glasses with composition 50Bi2O3 : (50-x)B2O3: xNd2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) have been prepared by melt quenching technique. The optical and upconversion luminescence properties of glasses were investigated. The nine absorption peaks were observed, correspond with Nd3+ energy level in glass. The optical band gap decreased with increasing Nd2O3 concentration due to the increase of non-bridging oxygen (NBOs) in glass matrix. The upconversion luminescence emission spectra shows peak at 393 nm, assign to 4D3/24I11/2 transition.
Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Morphological Properties and the Photocatalytic Activities of Titania Thin Films on Unheated Substrates by Sputtering Deposition Method
Authors: Pansila P. Pungboon , Witit-Anun Nirun , Chaiyakun Surasing
Published: September 2013

Titania (TiO2) thin films have been deposited using d.c. reactive unbalance magnetron sputtering on unheated substrate by various different oxygen partial pressures while working pressure and sputtering power were kept constant. A pure metallic titanium disk was used for sputtering target in atmospheric of the mixture gases between argon and oxygen. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for characterization of characteristics structure and surface morphologies of the films, respectively. The optical transmission of the films were measured by spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic activities of the films were investigated from measurement of methylene blue degradation by using absorbance value after UV irradiation for 6 hr. The results show that the crystalline structures of the films showed the presence of single-anatase phase and mixed-anatase/rutile phase of TiO2 thin films. The surface morphology and photocatalytic activities of the films depend on oxygen partial pressure that grains size, surface roughness and thickness of the films were deceased when increasing oxygen partial pressure due to poisoning phenomenon and the high reactive gases. In addition, it was found that all TiO2 thin films were deposited by different oxygen partial pressure exhibit a good transparentness. Moreover, it was found that the TiO2 thin films deposited by used low oxygen partial pressure and single-anatase phase exhibited the best photocatalytic activity.
Fabrication and Characterization of Tin Oxide Nanorods Prepared by Glancing Angle DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Oros Chaiyan , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Horprathum Mati
Published: September 2013

In this work, we report the fabrication of tin oxide (SnO2) nanorods on (100) silicon substrate by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique with DC magnetron sputtering system and study the effect of oxygen flow rate on SnO2 nanorod growth. The crystal structure and morphology of SnO2 nanorod were characterized by x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the structure of SnO2 nanorods changes from amorphous to crystalline as the oxygen flow rate increases from 12 to 24 sccm and the degree of crystallinity tends to improve as the oxygen flow rate increases further. From morphological characterization, all SnO2 films prepared with different oxygen flow rates comprise isolated columnar nanorod structures and the nanorod size tends to decrease as the oxygen flow rate increases. In addition, the deposition rate is found to decrease from 0.28 to 0.10 nm/s as the oxygen flow rate increases from 12 to 48 sccm.
Influence of Annealing Temperature on Microstructural and Optical Properties of TiN Thin Films Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Rattana T. , Witit-Anun N. , Suwanboon S. , Chaiyakun S.
Published: September 2013

Polycrystalline TiN thin films were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The as-prepared thin films were annealed in air at various temperatures ranging between 400 °C to 700 °C. The effect of annealing temperatures on the microstructural and optical properties have been investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope, Raman scattering spectroscopy and UVVis spectrophotometer, respectively. The raman results indicated the presence of the rutile TiO2 phase for the samples annealed above 500°C. Many hollow-spherical structures appeared on the surface of films annealed at about 600 °C and the hollow-spherical structures occurred increasingly as a function of annealing temperatures. In addition, the optical properties of thin films depended strongly on annealing temperature.
Synthesis of Faujasite and Analcime Using of Rice Husk Ash and Metakaolin
Authors: Setthaya Naruemon , Pindi Chitsophin , Chindaprasirt Prinya , Pimraksa Kedsarin
Published: September 2013

Faujasite and analcime were synthesized by two-step process via hydrothermal method using the rice husk ash and metakaolin as starting materials. In the first step, the raw materials were prepared using the SiO2/Al2O3molar ratio of 4 and pretreatment with NaOH solution under various stirring conditions. The suspension was subjected to hydrothermal treatment at various reacting time and temperature in second step. The mineralogy, morphology, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity of the synthesized products were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, N2adsorption and desorption isotherm and ammonium acetate method, respectively. Faujasite was obtained using low temperature and short-time synthesis, while the analcime was obtained at high temperature and long-time synthesis. The stirring time did not affect zeolite types but the specific surface area. The cation exchange capacity of the synthetic faujasite and analcime were 263-280 and 280-302 meq/100 g, respectively.
Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Ti Thin Films
Authors: Uttayan L. , Aiempanakit K. , Horprathum M. , Eiamchai P. , Pattantsetakul V. , Nuntawong N. , Chindaudom Pongpan
Published: September 2013

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were prepared by thermal oxidation from Ti films. The Ti films were deposited on glass and silicon (100) wafer substrate by dc magnetron sputtering and subsequent with thermal oxidation process. The crystal structure and morphology of TiO2 films were estimated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The optical property of TiO2 films was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The influences of annealing temperature between 200 to 500°C in air for 1 hour on the structure and optical properties of TiO2 films were investigated. The increasing of annealing temperature was directly affected the phase transition from Ti to TiO2. The optical and structural properties of TiO2 films are the best exhibited with increasing the annealing temperature at 500 °C.
Study of the Intensity of Global Solar Radiation Incident in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Authors: Sansomboon A. , Luewarasirikul N. , Ittipongse A. , Phae-Ngam W. , Pattarapanitchai S.
Published: September 2013

Solar radiation is one of mains alternative energy, widely used in present day. Measure solar radiation accurately is an essential for planning in application of used. Universities are the places that have used significant of energy all year long. Therefore, long-term measured solar radiation data is important, for understand in both quantity and variation in time period, for application of the alternative energy in future. The main objective of this research is to investigate solar energy potentials of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bongkok, Thailand (Latitude 13.46°N, Longitude 100.31°E). A station for solar radiation was installed at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The main equipment is composed of two parts: 1) a pyranometer from Kipp & Zonen Ltd., model CMP11, and 2) a digital data logger from Measurement Systems Ltd. model DX2000. The pyranometer is permanently installed on the top of a building. The data logger is keeping clean and safe inside the building. To analyze the values of the global solar radiations, the computer source code is written in Interactive Data Language version 6.1 (IDL6.1). The results show the variation of the average hourly global irradiance is about 800-900 W/m2 at 12:00 UTC. The maximum monthly average daily global radiation is 21.5 MJ/m2-day in April. The yearly average daily radiation at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University is found to be 16.55 MJ/m2-day. The information from the monthly and yearly global radiation has relatively high solar energy potentials. Finally, the solar radiation database was also developed for use in solar energy applications in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University and neighbor areas.
Development of Low Cost Glass Melting Furnace for Research Scale
Authors: Boonin Kitipun , Tuscharoen Suparat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

This research is intended to study and construct a two doors electrical furnace. Two line of Kanthal AF wire were used as a heat source furnace. Insulator of furnace was constructed from light brick C-2. The volume of furnace was about 25x30x45 cm3. Quantity of current flow through heating element was controlled by solid state relay. Temperature of the furnace is measured by thermocouple type K. The result of test performance of the furnace show that the temperature of 1200 °C was obtained at 220 volt and current in heating elements of 15 A.
Physical and Optical Properties of Ce3+ Doped in Bismuth Borate Glass
Authors: Boonin Kitipun , Chamlek Onanong , Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Kim Hong Joo , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

Bismuth borate glasses doped with cerium in the composition 50Bi2O3:(50-x)B2O3:xCeF3 were prepared for the composition range 0x2.5 (in mol%). The glass samples have been fabricated by the conventional melt quenching technique. The physical and optical properties of glass samples were investigated. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses have been measured in the wavelength range 190-1100 nm and no absorption peak was obtained in this region. The absorption spectra of all samples were shifted to longer wavelength with increasing of CeF3 concentrations. Optical band gap decreased and refractive index increased with increasing of CeF3 concentrations.
Thermal Activation on Phase Formation of Alkaline Activated Kaolin Based System
Authors: Boonjaeng Somsak , Pimraksa Kedsarin , Chaipanich Arnon , Kuharuangrong Sutin , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: September 2013

The research aim was to investigate phase development after pozzolanic reaction between metakaolin (MK) and calcium hydroxide (CH) with alkaline and thermal activations. The CH to MK ratio (C/M) of 0.4 generating CaO/SiO2 of 1.18 was selected in this study. Various concentrations of NaOH solutions (0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 5 and 10 M) were used. The alkali activated samples were thermally activated at 25 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C and 130 °C for 4 h. Phase development under thermal activation of alkali activated metakaolin based system were investigated. At every temperature, C/M mixtures with 0.01 and 0.1 M NaOH promoted the formations of poorly crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H(I)) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CASH) compounds. With 3 and 5 M NaOH activations, sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (NASH) and sodium calcium silicate hydrate (NCSH) was formed. 1 M NaOH was found to be a boundary of phase transformation from C-S-H(I) and CASH to NASH and NCSH. In addition, zeolite X and sodalite appeared when NaOH solution reached 10 M. Thermal activation significantly affected phase development at high concentration of alkaline activation (1-10 M). At 1 M NaOH, NASH compounds in a form of gmelinite and zeolite ZK-14 were found at 70-90 °C. At 3-5 M, katoite was found at 70-130 °C. At 10 M, zeolite X was found at 70-90 °C. Sodalite was also found at 130 °C with 10 M NaOH.
Structural, Optical and Anti-Bacterial Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Mungchamnankit A. , Sornsanit K. , Horprathum M. , Chananonnawathorn C. , Eiamchai P. , Aiempanakit K. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

Recent studies demonstrated that, titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films, which kill bacteria and viruses under mild UV illumination, offers numerous potential applications. In this work, the TiO2 thin films were successfully deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The high-purity Ti target was sputtered on BK7 glasses and silicon (100) wafer substrates. The annealing treatment at various temperatures was next performed on the obtained samples. Their crystalline structure, film morphology and optical properties, as well as anti-bacterial activities, were investigated. The structure and morphology of films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical property was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After the post-annealing in air at higher than 200 °C, all the films showed crystallized mixture of anatase and rutile phase. The antibacterial properties of the TiO2 thin films were discussed.
London Penetration Depthin λ(T) in Type 1.5 Superconductor by Ginzburg-Landau Approach
Authors: Niyomsilpchai N. , Changjan A. , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: September 2013

The London penetration depth is the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 0.367879 times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor. The type 1.5 superconductor is the new type of superconductor that the value of Ginzburg-Landau parameter is between the type I and type II superconductor. In this paper, the London penetration depth of type 1.5 superconductor is studied by Ginzburg-Landau approach. The system of free energy of type 1.5 superconductor is assumed by modified the free energy of two-band model and theof type 1.5 superconductor is derived analytically. Finally, the temperature dependence of London penetration depth is investigated.
SnO2 Nanoparticle Synthesized by Ultrasonic-Assisted Process
Authors: Noonuruk Russameeruk , Mekprasart Wanichaya , Wongpisutpaisan Narongdet , Vittayakorn Naratip , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: September 2013

SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation process using stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) as a precursor. The stannic chloride aqueous solution was precipitated by ammonia under sonication. The as-synthesized precipitates were dried at 80 oC and then calcined at 400 oC for 2 h. The physical properties of nanoparticles with/without sonication were characterized by thermogravimetic and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The results reveal that ultrasonic radiation has significant influence on phase transformation mechanism from Sn (OH)4 to SnO2, grain size and uniformity of SnO2 nanoparticles.
Synovial Fluid Diffusion Behavior Involved in Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Punantapong Boonyong
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this research was to study the synovial fluid diffusion behavior involved in articular cartilage and evaluation of some parameters, which affecting the cartilage degeneration, such as the porosity, surface permeability, fluid concentration and etc. For the analysis, it was to implement the triphasic theory into a mathematical model and a commercial finite element method to solved practical problems in cartilage mechanics. The experimental results of confined compression of articular cartilage were found that the factors affecting to fluid diffusion in cartilage were the surface permeability, the porosity of structure, the change of solute concentration and dynamic loading on articular cartilage.
Decreased Thermal Conductivity of CaMnO3 by Added-CNTs
Authors: Thongsri Prapawan , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: September 2013

The CaMnO3compound is synthesized by solid state reaction method. The precursor powder of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and manganese oxide (MnO2) are mixed by ball milling then calcined at 850°C for 10 h and sintering at 1,150 °C for 36 h to obtain the calcium manganese oxide (CaMnO3) compound. The compound was doped the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by molar ratio following the calcinations and sintering process. The morphology and crystallography of the samples are analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical resistivity (ρ), thermal conductivity (κ) and dimensionless figure of merit were anlyzed. It results shown in a good thermoelectric properties after doping CNTs.
Thermopower of Sr1-xLaxMnO3 (x = 0.1-1.0)
Authors: Boonmeethongyoo Nattayaporn , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: September 2013

The polycrystalline of Sr1xLaxMnO3 (x = 0.11.0) samples were synthesized by solid state reaction method and general sintering. The Sr1xLaxMnO3 powders were calcined and sintered by furnace at 900 K and 1173 K for 3 hours in air atmosphere, respectively. Thermopower of the samples were measured by steady state method at temperature range of 290-520 K in air. The thermopower all samples were increased with increasing the La content substitution.
Construction of a Cost Effective Current Balance for Physics Teaching
Authors: Sankote Apichart , Thamaphat Kheamrutai , Limsuwan Supanee
Published: September 2013

In this work, a method to measuring the magnitude of a uniform magnetic field in space using current balance was described. A simple experimental set was designed and constructed using low-cost materials. This constructed current balance consists of copper sheet, weight pan, and acrylic sheet. A copper sheet was cut into a U-shape and attached at the end of acrylic balance arm. A weight pan was hanged in the opposite side of the balance arm with high sensitivity to a small torque. The horizontal segment of the U-shaped copper sheet, which the length l was 3 cm, was located inside the influence of an uniform magnetic field produced by two parallel bar magnets with opposite poles facing each other. The magnetic field direction was perpendicular to the horizontal segment. When a current was supplied to the copper sheet, the magnetic force acting on a horizontal segment of length l carrying a current I in a magnetic field B was given by. In the experiment, the current was varied from 0 1 A. For each value of applied current, the magnetic force on a thin straight sheet of length l was measured by adding masses to the pan until the balance arm moved to the equilibrium between opposing gravitational and magnetic forces. The results showed that the magnetic force increased linearly with increasing applied current. By plotting a linear graph of magnetic force versus applied current, the magnetic field B can be calculated from . The calculated and actual values of B were 100.32 and 100.13 mT, respectively. This constructed current balance is an excellent tool for high school and undergraduate fundamental physics courses. Students will be excited when they see the balance arm rising or going down due to magnitude and direction of current flowing in a conductor wire.
Growth and Characterization of Boric Acid Doped KDP Single Crystals Grow by Slow Evaporation Method
Authors: Thongpanit Pratya , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Pattanaboonmee Nakarin
Published: September 2013

Boric acid (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 %wt) doped Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) bulk single crystals were grown from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation method. Solubility and nucleation curves were studied. The grown crystals were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Functional groups presented in the grown material have been identified using FTIR spectra. The temperature stability of the crystal has been confirmed by TGA. The mechanical strength was analyzed using Vickers hardness measurement.
A Gold Particle Nano Antenna by Optical Micro Ring Resonator
Authors: Tasakorn M. , Pornsuwancharoen N. , Jurajaturasiraratn S.
Published: September 2013

The gold practical nanoantenna can be generated high frequency by laser light source from a micro-ring resonator system. The Gaussian pulse into the micro-ring resonator created the chaotic signal with converting the wavelength domain to frequency domain for electromagnetic wave. The system designed by varies the micro-ring parameter in the optical dipole model. The high frequencies are 450-500 THz for radiation dipole antenna. This paper shows that the conversion from the picosecond pulse to frequency domain (THz) can be application for nanoantenna within on chip and application to high capacity for near-field communication.
Investigation of the Characteristic of the Nd:YAG Laser for Standard Wavelength in Metrology
Authors: Potirak Prayut , Ranusawud Monludee , Limsuwan Pichet , Buranasiri Prathan
Published: September 2013

This research studied characteristics of the Nd:YAG laser with second harmonic generation (SHG) at 532 nm. It can be develop as a standard wavelength according to the recommendation made by the Comite International des Poids et Measures (CIPM). This study investigates various parameters that effect wavelength and laser power of the Nd:YAG laser such as injection current of diode laser, temperature of Nd:YAG crystal and second harmonic generator crystal. Its wavelength can be tuned in the range of standard wavelength at 532.24503 nm with 10-7 of stability.
Experimental Study of Double Glass Window with Phase Change Material
Authors: Rattanongphisat Waraporn
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a new technique for reducing solar gain in thermal insulated windows. The thermal characteristic of double glass window containing phase change material is investigated. A conventional double glass window is modified and filled with phase change material. Organic material, paraffin based, is selected due to harmlessness, chemical stability and its lack of phase separation. An indoor test facility is constructed where halogen lamps provide a simulated solar radiation. A consistent irradiance of 572 W/m2 and 663 W/m2 over the test area is measured by pyranometer. Double glass windows with and without phase change material are tested in the laboratory. The temperature distribution across the window is measured and the data are used for the analysis of heat transfer through window. Experimental results show that the phase change material acts as a thermal blockage. The temperature drop across the double glass pane with phase change material is higher than without using phase change material. The heat transmission through the proposed glazed window system at 90o solar incidence is 4.4% lower than the conventional window system.
Utilization of Pennisetum purpureum Ash for Use in Glass Material
Authors: Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Kirdsiri Keerati , Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

The aim of this research is development of glasses fromPennisetum purpureumash. Manufacturing the glass has been proposed as a useful choice to recyclePennisetum purpureumash from power plants and related industry. Glasses were synthesized in formula 55SiO2: 20Na2O : 1.0Al2O3: 13B2O3: 6.3CaO : 0.2Sb2O3: 4.5BaO by melt quenched technique (Pennisetum purpureumash was used as a SiO2source). The density and refractive index of glasses increased with increasing of sintering temperature of ash. The glasses fromPennisetum purpureumash show light yellow correspond with absorption spectra from uv-visible spectrophotometer.
Effects of T6 Age Hardening on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu Cast Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Wiengmoon Amporn , Apichai Pattama , Pearce John T.H. , Chairuangsri Torranin
Published: September 2013

Effects of T6 artificial aging heat treatment on microstructure, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of Al-4.93 wt% Si-3.47 wt% Cu alloy were investigated. The T6 age hardening treatment consists of solution treatment at 500±5°C for 8 hours followed by quenching into hot water at 80°C and artificial aging at 150, 170, 200 and 230°C for 1-48 hours followed by quenching into hot water. Microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and SEM revealed that the microstructure in the as-cast condition consists of primary dendritic α-Al, acicular-plate and globular forms of eutectic Si and intermetallic phases including globular Al2Cu and a flake-shape Al5FeSi. By T6 aging hardening, some intermetallics were dissolved and spheroidized. The volume fraction of eutectic phases in the as-cast, solution-treated, and solution-treated plus aging at 170°C for 24 hours is 17%, 12% and 10%, respectively. TEM results showed that precipitates in under-aging condition at 170° C for 6 hours are in the form of disc shape with the diameter in the range of 7-20 nm. At peak aging at 170°C for 24 hours, thin-plate precipitates with about 3-10 nm in thickness and 20-100 nm in length were found, lengthening to about 30-200 nm at longer aging time. The microhardness and ultimate tensile strength were increased from 71 HV0.05 and 227 MPa in the as-cast condition up to 140 HV0.05 and 400 MPa after solution treatment plus aging at 170°C for 24 hours, and decreased at prolong aging time.
International Collaboration in Nanotechnology from 1991 to 2010 Based on Patent Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jia , Cui Wei
Published: September 2013

Nanotechnology has heralded the advent of next major techno-paradigm shift that will have pervasive impacts on a wide-range of high-tech sectors. International collaboration will exert important influences over the development of nanotechnology. Patents encompass valuable technological information and collaborative efforts. Therefore, this paper studies international collaboration of nanotechnology from the perspective of patent analysis. The results show that encouraged by the rapid development and ardent enthusiasm for nanotechnology globally, internationally collaborative nanotechnology patents grow steadily. The share of internationally collaborative patents in the world increases from 3.70% in 1991 to 6.52% in 2010. Among the top 20 countries/regions owning nanotechnology patents, the U.S. has the largest number of patents and internationally collaborative patents. However, the share of internationally collaborative patents in the whole U.S. patents is relatively low, which is below 10%. Such is also the case in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. In the other countries, the domestic share of internationally collaborative patents varies, ranging from less than 20% to more than 50%. The highest domestic share of internationally collaborative patents (56.1%) is found in Russia. International collaboration in the field of nanotechnology has yet found globally significant in terms of patent quantity, it does nevertheless play an active role in the improvement of citation impacts of nanotechnology patents for most of the top 20 countries, especially China.
Fabrication and Electroluminescence of N-ZnO Nanorods/p-Si Nanowires Heterostructured Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Dai Jun , Fan Yi Jie
Published: September 2013

The n-ZnO nanorods/p-Si nanowires heterojunction was fabricated by chemical method. The microstructure of the epitaxially grown ZnO nanorod was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The photoluminescence of the nanostructure showed a typical UV emission band and a defect-related emission band. Further, the electroluminescence of the nanostructure were measured, and the mechanism was discussed based on the band diagram of the n-ZnO nanorods/p-Si nanowires heterojunction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Ping , Wu Shan Shan
Published: September 2013

This paper reports a surface functional polymer- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was grafted on the surface of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. It has been demonstrated that Reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agent was successfully grafted onto the surface of ZnO. PNIPAM chains were successfully grafted from the surface of ZnO via RAFT process by using RAFT agent immobilized on ZnO. The effect of surface modification on the size, structure, morphology, and properties of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the ZnO core is somewhat larger than the size of the random coil of the corresponding free PNIPAM in aqueous solution, which suggests that the conformation of a PNIPAM chain bound to the ZnO core is extended.
Research on Cycle Fluctuation of Flight Safety for Flight Materials Based on Spectral Analysis Method
Authors: Gan Xu Sheng , Cui Hao Lin , Zong Shu Ning
Published: September 2013

To better master the development law of flight safety for flight materials, the spectral analysis method is introduced to analyze the cycle fluctuation of flight accident for flight materials. The basic principle of spectrum analysis of cycle fluctuation is first introduced, and then the calculation method of spectral density function is given. The actual example of flight accident shows that the method is an effective and feasible for analyzing the cycle fluctuation of flight accident. The research also has both theoretical and applicable value of flight safety management for flight materials.
Designed and Fabricated Solution Concentration Sensor Based on the Single Mode-Etched Multimode-Single Mode Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Su Fu Gen , Sang Xin Zhu
Published: September 2013

A novel kind of solution concentration sensor is designed and fabricated based on fiber Bragg grating with the single mode-etched multimode-single mode fiber Bragg grating structure. Sensing characteristics of Bragg grating to solution concentration is investigated without considering the effects of temperature, sensing detection of four kinds of solution is experimentally realized with the wavelength differences between high modes and the fundamental mode, the higher order modes of the etched multimode fiber is more sensitive to the surrounding refractive index than the fundamental mode.
Research on Electronic Materials with Fault Diagnosis Method for Digital Circuit Board Based on TPS
Authors: Xu Kui , Xu Yan Yi , Yin Ming
Published: September 2013

The system uses a high stability of the VXI bus as the control core, and a variety of advanced electronic materials with fault diagnosis method in the application of mature TPS test vector generation method, the set of fault dictionary and intelligent exploration pen in one, for under the conditons of modern information technology equipment rapid and ifficient protection of the ability to provide a resrarch avenues to explore. The TPS-based circuit board electronic materials with fault diagnosis system has been successfully used in the diagnosisi of barious types of radar circuit.
Research on Electronic Materials with Design of a Down-Conversion Mixer Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Shan Hui Lin , Zhang Yin Sheng
Published: September 2013

This paper presents principles of a down-converted mixer for four sub-harmonic and proposes a particle swarm optimization algorithm as a global search algorithm, and the performance equation is used as the assessment of the mixer circuit optimization method. Dielectric substrate adopts Electronic Materials with RF/Duroid 5880 whose dielectric constant is 2.20 and 5mil in thickness. The optimization algorithm can quickly get optimal results. The simulation results show that this mixer achieves higher 1 dB compression point, loss of frequency conversion which is less than 15 dB and good linearity.
Research on Electronic Materials with Design on the Narrow-Band FIR Filter Based on Multiple Sampling Frequency
Authors: Shan Hui Lin , Zhang Yin Sheng
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces the basic structure of narrow-band FIR filter and conducts detailed analysis on the various components of narrow-band FIR filter. Based on the CIC and HBF, this paper further designs narrow-band FIR filter with the sampling rate of 100 KHz. The materials of filter adopt the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator with high mechanical quality factorand high stability .Moreover, the simulation results indicate that this filter can greatly reduce the calculation amount and storage capacity so as to satisfy the real-time processing requirements of the signals.
Study on Manufacturing Materials with an Aspect-Oriented Modeling Method for Embedded Software Product Lines
Authors: Liu Hua Xiao , Li Bing , Jin Ying , Chi Xue Hang
Published: September 2013

For different Manufacturing Materials, various embedded software is often needed to use to configure and implement different functions during the processing of production. In order to improve the reusability of embedded software, this paper combines the software product line technology to present a software product line reference architecture OVM_AO model, gives a detail modeling of the modify code part, meanwhile, gives the rule of transform the model to AOP model, improves the efficiency of the software automate equipped with material.
Study on the Environmental Materials with the Emergency Rescue Procedures for Water Pollution Accidents Caused by Benzene Series Fire
Authors: Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: September 2013

Water pollution hazard created by benzene series fire accident is very strong and it involves many fateful consequences. Along with the continuous improvement of society, people all over the world attach great importance to environmental protection and the sustainable development of economy increasingly. Along with the advance of fire protection cause of our country, the consciousness and concepts of "green fire" enjoy popular support. Therefore, study on the environmental materials and the establishment of emergency rescue procedures for water pollution accident created by benzene series fire is imperative.
Analysis of the Application Potential of Climate Adaptive Window Materials
Authors: Wu Shan , Yao Jian
Published: September 2013

This paper gives the numerical analysis method for heat transfer through climate adaptive window materials. Using the weather data in a typical city in hot summer and cold winter zone, an analysis of the application potential of climate adaptive window materials is given. The result shows that climate adaptive windows are capable of blocking solar radiation in summer while penetrating sunlight in winter and thus are suitable for building applications in this area.
Using BP Neural Network to Predict the Sinter Comprehensive Performance: TFe and Fuel Consumption
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Bao Xiang , Chen Ying , Zhang Hui Juan , Li Xing
Published: September 2013

The principal objective of blast furnace is to produce high quality molten iron at a high rate with a low consumption. It is very important to control sinter chemical composition and comprehensive performance. This is because the sinter is the main raw material for ironmaking. In this paper, a predictive system for sinter chemical composition TFe and the solid fuel consumption was established based on BP neural network, which was trained by actual production data. The MATLAB m file editor was used to write code directly in this paper. Practical application shows the applications of the system not only can reduce the work difficulty of technical personnel, but also can improve the hit ratio of production index and the productivity.
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Water-Cement Ratio on Air-Void Parameters of Cement Concrete
Authors: Zhang Jin Xi , Wang Chao , Guo Ming Yang , Ma Mao Cheng
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the effect of water-cement ratio [w/ on the air-void parameters of cement concrete, which has a significant influence on the durability of concrete. Based on the experimental investigation, it is found that the impact on the air content of hardened concrete due to different water-cement ratio is not great. Test results also indicate that with the increase of water-cement ratio, the spacing factors also experienced a marked rise, and the mean diameters as well as the specific areas of air voids evidently increased or declined, respectively, which may lead to an adverse effect on the frost resistance of concrete.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphite Oxide
Authors: Hou Zhao Xia , Zhou Yin , Wang Shao Hong , Wang Mei Han , Hu Xiao Dan , Li Guang Bin
Published: September 2013

The preparation of graphite oxide is one of essential steps for graphene by oxidation reduction method. Graphite oxide was acquired from the oxidation of graphite by improved Hummers method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. It was showed that the graphite interlayer distance of graphite oxide increased for a large amount of oxygen containing functional groups. Shift and broaden of diffraction peaks were observed after oxidation and the original graphite peaks disappeared.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology of Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Song Xiao
Published: September 2013

Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L.(TFPs) was extracted with the assistance of ultrasonic.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; extraction temperature;ultrasonic extraction power and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high TFPs yield.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 65.1°C, ultrasonic power 380.5W, extraction time 28.7 min and ratio of water to raw material 23.6ml/g.The yield of polysaccharide was 2.14% based on the above mentioned conditions.
Biodegradation of 2,2' 4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl Ether in an Aerobic Environment by a Novel Strain of Bacillus sp.
Authors: Guan Jian Fei , Wang Ji Hua , Liu Xiang , Xin Jia , Zhang Shan Shan , Zhu Dan
Published: September 2013

The environmental safety of 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a widely used flame retardant, has been the topic of controversial discussions during the past decade years. In this study, we investigated the BDE-47 degradation by a novel bacteria obtained from electronic waste recycling site soil sample in Taizhou, China. Using biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, the strain was closely related toBacillus sp. with a 99% 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity. It could use BDE-47 as the sole carbon source and energy source for its growth. The optimal growth environment was in the presence of BDE-47 at concentrations to 50-200 ug/L, pH 6.0 to 8.0 and 37°C when agitated at 160 rpm. For the initial concentrations of 100 ug/L, 50% of the BDE-47 was degraded. This is the first report of BDE47-degrading strain from the genus ofBacillus sp.under aerobic condition.
Co-Combustion of Paper Mill Sludge and Bituminous Coal in Air Using Thermogravimetric Analyzer
Authors: Li Yu Zhong , Ma Xiao Qian , Tang Yu Ting , Cai Zi Lin
Published: September 2013

The combustion of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal in air was analyzed using a thermogravimetric instrument. TG and DTG curves for the blends lies between that of the individual fuels, and the main combustion characteristics of blends depended on individual fuels and followed the weighted average. As the blending ratio of paper mill sludge was increased from 10% to 90%, the ignite temperature (Ti) decreased from 529.6°C. to 275.6°C., and residual weight increased from 19.28% to 47.39%. The TG profiles of sample were almost the same at different heating rates, however there was a big difference between the DTG profiles. The maximum weight loss rate of sample increased obviously with the increment of heating rate. This work contributes to the comprehensive understanding of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal combustion and development of co-combustion technology.
Evaluation of DNA Extraction and Purification Methods for Corn Straw Biogas Slurry
Authors: Qiao Jiang Tao , Guo Rong Bo , Shi Xiao Shuang , Qiu Yan Ling
Published: September 2013

Corn straw biogas slurry always contains humic substances, which poses particular challenges in obtaining PCR-amplifiable DNA for analysis of microbial community. To establish an efficient and reliable DNA extraction method for straw biogas slurry, four approaches: i.e., direct SDS-based method, direct bead-based method, indirect SDS-based method, and indirect bead-based method were evaluated by comparing DNA yield, humic acid contamination, PCR amplifiability, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Direct DNA extraction methods yielded 3-fold higher amounts of DNA than indirect procedures, but its DNA purity was lower. TheA260/A230ratio of DNA from indirect methods (0.8-0.85) were higher than that of DNA from direct methods (0.5-0.6), indicating DNA from direct methods contained high levels of humate contamination. PCR amplification was successful with crude DNA from indirect methods, but not with crude DNA from direct methods. PCR products could also be obtained with purified DNA from direct bead-based method, whereas not direct SDS-based method. Among the four methods, direct bead-based method, indirect SDS-based method and indirect bead-based method could obtain high-quality DNA extracts from corn straw biogas slurry. RFLP analysis further demonstrated the restriction patterns of amplified 16S rRNA genes from three methods were relatively identical microbial diversity.
Ant Colony Algorithm for the Coordination of Wind and Thermal Generation Dispatch
Authors: Dhayalini K. , Sathiyamoorthy S. , Christober Asir Rajan C.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the coordination of wind and thermal generation dispatch using Ant Colony Approach. Wind power is unpredictable and intermittent. As wind power penetrations increase in current power systems, its impact to conventional thermal unit should be investigated. The objective of this paper is the development of better wind thermal coordination economic dispatch which is necessary to determine the optimal dispatch scheme that can integrate wind power reliably and efficiently. In this paper Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) is utilized to coordinate the wind and thermal generation dispatch and to minimize the total production cost in the economic dispatch considering wind power generation and valve effect of thermal units. A ten generator system with one wind power plant is tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method. Different simulations with and without wind power production are simulated. Simulation result shows the effect of wind power generation in reducing total fuel cost.