bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retos de la protección de datos en la internet de los objetos para las personas mayores
Authors: Gómez-Juárez Sidera Isidro
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2013 en la modalidad de Derecho Constitucional-Administrativo.
La expresión «Internet de los objetos» (IO) hace referencia al concepto general de objetos (tanto artefactos electrónicos como objetos de uso cotidiano) que se pueden leer, reconocer, dirigir, localizar o controlar a distancia a través de Internet. La Unión Europea (UE) ha subrayado que el alumbramiento de la IO no solo anticipa la Internet del futuro, sino que además permitirá responder a muchos retos actuales, como el envejecimiento de la población. No en vano, la propia UE ha resaltado la importancia de estudiar las implicaciones sociales, éticas y culturales de la IO, de cara a la posible gran transformación que experimentará la civilización a causa de dichas tecnologías. En este complejo escenario se plantean retos de gran calado para la protección de los derechos de las personas mayores, no debiendo entenderse dichos desafíos como una cuestión baladí que responda meramente a una visión futurista de la realidad, sino como la garantía de determinados derechos de tercera generación de este colectivo social especialmente vulnerable en el actual mundo desarrollado y tecnológicamente avanzado. En este sentido, hogares, residencias y ciudades inteligentes se perfilan como el nuevo ecosistema de las personas mayores en el mundo tecnológico del siglo XXI. Asimismo, la Comisión Europea espera que las aplicaciones de IO contribuyan en gran medida a responder a algunos de los desafíos de la sociedad de hoy, citando por caso los sistemas de vigilancia sanitaria que ayuden a entender las necesidades de una sociedad en proceso de envejecimiento. No en vano, la aparición de nuevos tipos de dispositivos móviles integrados, los avances en tecnologías inalámbricas y sensores inteligentes o la evolución de las tecnologías biométricas multiplican las oportunidades para el desarrollo de la innovación tecnológica orientada a las personas mayores y que, al margen de sus innegables ventajas para el fomento de su autonomía personal y la mejora de su calidad de vida, también conlleva nuevos riesgos para sus derechos. En dicho contexto, el presente trabajo tratará de resolver las principales cuestiones teórico-prácticas que giran en torno a la salvaguardia de uno de los derechos de tercera generación más significativos en el ámbito de Internet: el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos.
El régimen especial del criterio de caja
Authors: Longás Lafuente Antonio
Published: April 2023

El legislador, a través de la Ley de apoyo a los emprendedores (y la modificación operada en el Reglamento del IVA), introduce un nuevo régimen especial en el IVA, el del criterio de caja, ampliamente demandado por determinados sectores empresariales y profesionales, que pretende paliar problemas financieros de estos en relación con este impuesto. Se trata de un régimen voluntario que opta por el «sistema o criterio de caja doble» para los sujetos pasivos cuyo volumen de operaciones no supere los 2 millones de euros: el empresario o profesional retrasa el devengo y la declaración e ingreso del IVA devengado hasta el momento del cobro, total o parcial, a sus clientes, con la fecha límite del 31 de diciembre del año inmediato posterior a aquel en que las mismas se hayan efectuado; y ve retardado también el momento en que nace el derecho a la deducción de las cuotas que soporta en sus adquisiciones hasta el momento en que realiza el pago a los proveedores, con igual límite del 31 de diciembre del año inmediato posterior a aquel en que se hayan efectuado las operaciones. El presente artículo aborda el examen de este nuevo régimen especial en los tres ámbitos básicos del mismo, delimitando su marco subjetivo, el contenido del régimen (que afecta tanto a los sujetos pasivos acogidos al mismo, como a sus clientes o destinatarios empresarios o profesionales) y las obligaciones formales, con especial incidencia en las cuestiones conflictivas que se plantean en su aplicación.
Short- and long-term impacts of the energy crisis in Sweden
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Xylia Maria , Suljada Timothy
Published: April 2023

In this brief, the authors explore the distributional impacts of policy responses to the energy price crisis in the EU, with a particular focus on low-income households and other vulnerable sociodemographic groups in Sweden.
The epiphytic lichens on Fagus sylvatica in beech forests of Europe: towards an open and dynamic checklist
Authors: Hurtado Pilar , Aragón Rubio Gregorio , Martínez Isabel , Mayrhofer Helmut , Prieto María
Published: April 2023

Beech forests are considered one of the most emblematic ecosystems in the temperate deciduous broadleaf forest biome and host a wide variety of specialised cryptogamic organisms such as epiphytic lichens. This checklist is the first compilation focused on the epiphytic lichen diversity occurring on Fagus sylvatica L. trees along Europe. The checklist is based on a literature search encompassing 137 studies. We report 683 lichen species differently distributed across 26 European countries. The reported richness of the lichen species ranged from one in Kosovo and Netherlands to 331 species in Ukraine. All information provided in this manuscript is available online (http://biodiversos.org/epidiversity-lichens-fagus-europe/) to facilitate the accessibility and updating of the data. Thus, we aim that this checklist becomes an open and dynamic database that continuously expands not only based on new lichenological studies, but also with the information retrieved by lichenologist in the past, data published in a diverse suite of languages and herbarium records.
Influence of changes in the human intestinal microbiota on slowing the wound process in overweight persons
Authors: Sukhoparova Ye. P. , Khrustaleva I. E. , Zinoviev Ye. V.
Published: April 2023

Overweight and imbalance of the intestinal microbiota are risk factors for disruption of reparative processes during the healing of postoperative wounds. Given the scale of the obesity epidemic in the modern world, the number of overweight patients undergoing surgery for various reasons is also increasing. Potentiation of the risk of a delayed and complicated course of the wound process with a combination of obesity and disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the relevance of this study.

Purpose of the study: to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with overweight and obesity, who have a slowdown in the course of the wound process and the development of complications in the postoperative period.

Material and methods. The composition of the intestinal parietal microbiota was studied by microbial markers in the blood using gas chromatography in 49 overweight women who underwent planned surgical interventions for aesthetic indications aimed at correcting body contours from 2019 to 2020. After surgery, women were followed up for 6 months, assessing the timing of wound healing. A comparative analysis of the composition of the intestinal microbiota was carried out in different courses of the wound process, the prognostic significance of individual indicators of the intestinal microbiota was studied in relation to the risk of delayed and complicated wound healing.

Results. In the postoperative period, three groups were formed: 1st − complicated wound process (n = 21), 2nd − slow wound process 16 (n = 16), 3rd − standard wound process (n = 12). There were statistically significant differences between the 1st and 2nd groups in terms of “Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) ≥ 562.0 · 105 cells/g”, p = 0.025) and “Propionibacterium ≥3.2 · 105 cells/g”, p = 0.0136). Differences were found between the 1st and 3rd groups in terms of “Endotoxin ≥0.7 nmol/ml”, p = 0.051). The highest risk of complicated and delayed postoperative wound healing is observed when the value of the indicators «Propionibacterium ≥32.0 · 105 cells/g”, “Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) ≥7.0 · 105 cells/g” and “Endotoxin ≥0.7 nmol/ml”. On the basis of the decision tree method, 4 risk classes of a delayed and complicated course of the wound process were identified. The highest risk is in patients with a combination of factors “Propionibacterium ≥ 3.2 · 105 cells/g” and “Endotoxin ≥ 0.7 nmol/ml”.

Conclusion. A number of indicators of intestinal microbiota have a high prognostic value in relation to the risk of developing a complicated and delayed course of the wound process in overweight individuals. The data obtained can be used to predict unfavorable healing of surgical wounds.
Experience from the Research Foundation of South Africa
Authors: Meiring James
Published: April 2023

Scientific Ethics and Research Integrity plays an important role for the researcher, the institution that hosts the researcher and the funding agency funding the research. The applicants applying for funding are doing so with research credentials/publications assumed were obtained ethical and with integrity. Based on the applicant info provided in the proposal is reviewed and then funded the funding agency. The agency expects the applicant to submit a proposal in an ethical manner and subsequently creating research output that has integrity and obtain ethically. Funding agency main objective is not to police researchers to see if they are applying ethical and ensure research outputs that of high integrity. It is therefore important that funding agencies engage with research organisations to work closely with other agencies involved in research for example universities, research councils, policy makers etc. However, funding agencies need to implement protective mechanism to prevent and monitor any unethical behaviour and ensure that integrity principles were adhere to when applicants apply for funding. An internal standard operating procedure (SOP) document was developed to handle unethical conduct. The document needs to allow for a fair and transparent process. Due the fact that the applicant, the institute of the applicant and the panel that identify the misconduct, a structure process should be followed. When applicant found guilty of misconduct, it is up to the respective applicant institution to come up with appropriate punishment the applicant. The funding agency can institute additional restriction such as preventing the guilty applicant to apply for funding for a set period. The funding agency should insist on a rehabilitation process and sensitise other applicants (as a deterrent) from refraining from unethical practises. Ethical research and research integrity are important obligation from the research, the researcher institute, the funding agency and the broader science system all the role player serve. Identifying violation of the ethical and integrity principles should allow for actions to be taken and the gaps that existed to be close.
Experience of the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal
Authors: Béu Bruno
Published: April 2023

This presentation to the Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research Workshop will focus on some areas of articulation of the issue of scientific integrity and the activities of a funding agency, in particular, the Foundation for Science and Technology. In a first part, a framework of scientific integrity and a set of its sub-areas in the European panorama will be carried out, taking as main object the EU reference document, the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, produced by ALLEA in 2017 In a second part, three of the areas referred to there will be highlighted in the ways in which they are envisaged and operationalized at the level of science policy as well as in the various FCT funding instruments: (i) self- and hetero-assessment of ethical issues within the scope of submission of applications, (ii) peer review, and (iii) the area of ​​open science.
Ethical principles of the scientific researcher: state of the art and updates
Authors: Ribeiro-Junior Howard Lopes
Published: April 2023

The ethical principles of the scientific researcher are fundamental to ensuring the integrity, transparency, and reliability of scientific research results. The current state of the art in ethics in scientific research involves a set of guidelines aimed at ensuring that research is conducted fairly, transparently, and with respect for human and animal rights. Among the most important ethical principles for the scientific researcher are respect for the autonomy and privacy of research participants, ensuring benefits and minimizing risks for participants, honesty in disclosing results, social and environmental responsibility, and respect for animal rights. In recent years, the ethical debate surrounding scientific research has intensified due to technological advances that present new ethical challenges, such as genetic manipulation, artificial intelligence, and data privacy. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought important ethical issues to light, such as conducting research quickly in the midst of a public health emergency. We envision three other fundamental pillars related to the moment following the completion of scientific research, namely the definition of authorship of the scientific article, the choice of the scientific journal to which the article will be submitted for publication, and finally, the authors need to disseminate their results to society. Faced with these challenges, it is necessary for researchers to always be attentive to the ethical principles that govern scientific research and to be able to apply them consciously and responsibly in their research.
Integrity in Science and Technology Production
Authors: Da Cunha Thiago Rocha
Published: April 2023

This communication discusses the meanings and applications of the concept of integrity in scientific production. Integrity is a polysemic concept whose etymology refers to wholeness, completeness or purity. When applied to ethics, the concept presents itself as a virtue of those who are coherent – ​​whole, complete – in their moral life. In the field of care sciences, integrity is also related to respect for the whole body and individuality of patients. In discussions about ethics in scientific production, integrity includes both aspects: on the one hand, it points to bad practices related to the researcher's ethical conduct in matters such as fraud, plagiarism, falsification of data, conflicts of interest, that is, to what violates the integrity of scientific data; on the other hand, it points to practices that put the integrity of people and the environment at risk, such as in abusive and exploratory research with human beings or studies with negative impacts on the environment. The communication concludes that the issue of integrity goes beyond individual relationships involving researchers and their objects of study, but concerns a network of collective practices whose approach requires a critical, collective and politicized reading of bioethics.
Experience of the National Research Fund of Mozambique
Authors: De Jesus Vitória Langa
Published: April 2023

The rapid growth of research units on the African continent has been identified as a preponderant factor in achieving their development. However, this assumption remains a mirage and demands from science managers a deep reflection on the practices of integrity and ethics in research in order to reinforce the quality of its results. Our reflection on the relevance of Integrity and Ethics in research practice, taking the case of Mozambique as an example based on the analysis of legislation and experiences of the National Research Fund (FNI) of Mozambique. The results demonstrated a commitment by the government to boost research based on integrity and ethics, which is evidenced by the fact that in 2007 the country approved the Code of Ethics for Science and Technology through Decree n. 71/2007, of December 24th. However, the rapid growth of research institutions (Universities, institutes and research centers) in the last ten years and the promotion of research by the FNI and other organizations has raised the largest scientific production in the country, with emphasis on the health area that between 2014 -2018 concentrated 60% of all publications in the country. In this way, several government initiatives (MCTES-FNI) and with partners such as UNESCO, are underway to boost national ethics committees in Mozambique.
Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights in relation to Biomedical and Multinational Research
Authors: Vidal Suzana
Published: April 2023

The conference provides an introduction to the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights approved by UNESCO in 2005. It begins by analyzing the historical and geopolitical context in which it was approved. and what were the global debates that the standard includes. The different stages of the consultation are analyzed that led to its approval from the preparation of the first draft. The ethical-legal roots are presented and the background on which it bases its principles and a description of the novelties is presented that the Declaration offers with respect to other regulations for multinational research. A detail about your articles and their contents to conclude with the way in which you can ensure your due implementation by the states in terms of public policies and regulations.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG ASAM URAT KEPADA KELUARGA DI DUSUN II DESA PAKU KECAMATAN GALANG KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Tampubolon Christina Magdalena , Manurung Rostinah , Silalahi Bernita , Siregar Sarmaida , Dewi Ratna
Published: April 2023

Asam urat adalah hasil akhir dari katabolisme (pemecahan) suatu zat yang bernama purin. Asam urat merupakan hasil buangan dari zat purin ini. Asam urat merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak diderita masyarakat. Walaupun pada umumnya masyarakat berpikir penyakit asam urat hanya diderita pada usia lanjut, akan tetapi apabila tidak diperhatikan pola makan yang sehat tidak menutup kemungkinan, saat remaja atau muda pun akan menderita penyakit ini. Biasanya 25% orang yang asam uratnya tinggi akan menjadi penyakit asam urat. Bila kadar asam urat tinggi tapi tidak ada gejala serangan sendi ini disebut stadium awal. Asam urat merupakan hasil akhir metabolisme purin didalam tubuh. Hiperurisemia dikenal juga dengan berlebihnya kadar asam usat pada darah. Secara tidak langsung faktor resiko terjadinya gout ialah Hiperurisemia, aterosklerosis, hipertensi, penyakit jantung, batu ginjal, dan gangguan tidur. Pencegahan asam urat merupakan suatu tindakan untuk mencegah kekambuhan asam urat. Salah satu pencegahannya dapat dilihat dari aspek makanan. Meningkatnya kadar asam urat pada tubuh disebabkan dengan makanan yang tinggi purin. Namun hasil survey menunjukan masih banyak keluarga yang belum mengetahui pola makan yang sehat yang dapat mencegah  kekambuhan asam urat  Metode yang digunakan deskriptif observasional dengan 26 partisipan. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan purposive sampel. Sedangkan pengambilan data melalui evaluasi instrument pertanyaan yang dilaksanakan dengan daftar check list Pengetahuan tentang Asam urat. Tim pengabdian masyarakat memberikan materi tentang Asam urat (pencegahan dan pengobatan) secara langsung kepada partisipan. Dari hasil evaluasi diperoleh peningkatan pengetahuan partisipan tentang Asam urat yang semula nilai rata-rata 33,20 menjadi 68,07. Pengetahuan merupakan domain penting dan faktor awal seseorang untuk berperilaku. Pengetahuan membentuk keyakinan peserta sehingga mengikuti pola hidup yang sehat.
EVALUASI FORMULASI PRODUK NUTRASETIKAL “POWDER DRINK” DARI EKSTRAK BUAH JERUK KUKU HARIMAU (Citrus medica L.) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (2,2-DIFENIL-1PIKRILHIDRAZIL)
Authors: Gultom Roby , Amalia Amalia
Published: April 2023

Nutraceutical of powder drink products has been made from the fresh extracts of Tiger Nail’s fruits (Citrus Medica L). This research is a laboratory experimental. Fresh extracts were divided into FI (10%), FII (20%) and FIII (40%). The formulations were compounds of extracts, sucroses (sugars) and waters. Organoleptic’s test results were color is white, orange’s aroma, sweet taste and smooth textures. Hedonic’s test showed the color and aroma test of FII showed the panelists more like it (80% and 70%). The texture test of FIII showed the panelists like it very much (70%) and the taste test of FIII showed the panelists were very like it (60%). The pH values were ranged from 6-7. The fastest dissolving time test showed from FI (8 seconds). The highest viscosity test was showed by FIII (0.89 poise). The determination of vitamin C levels using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry showed FIII the highest levels of vitamin C (0.828%). But all antioxidants activity had low activity. FI has the highest IC50 value (51429005 ppm). Anova test value showed 0,005<0.05 that means the antioxidant activitywere significantly different. Tukey test showed the comparison of antioxidant properties between the formulations groups showed a significance value of 0.008 < 0.05.
STUDI EKSPLORASI LITERASI KESEHATAN MENTAL PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Permana Andi Fajrin , Harisa Akbar , Gaffar Indra , Rahmatullah Marhamah Putri , Yanti Ni Wayan Krisna , Yodang Yodang , Aldawiyah Syifa Karina
Published: April 2023

Prevalensi gangguan kesehatan mental terus meningkat setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Rendahnya literasi kesehatan mental diidentifikasi menjadi penyebab utama meningkatnya prevalansi gangguan mental termasuk pada mahasiswa. Sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental tetapi kurang dari sebagian yang mendapatkan pelayanan bahkan tidak mengetahui bahwa mereka mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi mahasiswa terkait kesehatan mental agar menjadi masukan bagi institusi mengenai upaya peningkatan literasi mahasiswa terkhusus kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Studi yang dilakukan Universitas Hasanuddin sejak Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2022. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa rumpun Kesehatan di Universitas Hasanuddin, peserta dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari data sosiodemografi dan data riwayat literasi kesehatan mental. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa lebih dari sebagian mahasiswa Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Hasanuddin memiliki tingkat literasi kesehatan mental yang tinggi yaitu 64.4%. Selain itu mahasiswa yang mengakses informasi mengenai kesehatan mental yang memiliki literasi kesehatan yang tinggi yaitu 71.2%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara domisili dengan literasi kesehatan mental dengan p-value 0.025. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, mahasiswa di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan di Universitas Hasanuddin memiliki literasi kesehatan mental yang tergolong tinggi serta terdapat hubungan antara asal domisili dengan literasi kesehatan mental. Kedepannya, dengan berlandaskan studi ini, diharapkan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh variabel lain yang berhubungan dengan literasi kesehatan mental seperti budaya, dukungan keluarga, dukungan dari kelompok dan pertemanan.
PENINGKATAN KEPATUHAN PENDERITA GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DALAM MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Manurung Nixson , Putri Mrp Hemalia Agus , Manurung Rostinah , Magdalena Christina
Published: April 2023

Gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) merupakan gangguan fungsi ginjal yg progresif serta tidak dapat pulih kembali dimana tubuh tidak mampu memelihara metabolisme serta gagal memelihara keseimbangan cairan serta elektrolit yg membuahkan di peningkatan ureum. Gagal ginjal kronik mempunyai karakteristik bersifat menetap tidak mampu disembuhkan serta memerlukan pengobatan seperti, transplantasi ginjal, hemosialisis serta pula rawat jalan pada jangka saat yg usang. Hemodialisa artinya terapi yg dilakukan buat membarui fungsi ginjal menggunakan menggunakan suatu indera yg didesain spesifik bertujuan buat mengobati gejala serta tanda dampak LFG menggunakan kadar rendah, sasaran dilakukannya terapi ini ialah buat menambah jangka waktu hayati penderita gagal ginjal kronik dan dapat menaikkan kualitas hidup penderita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kepatuhan penderita gagal ginjal kronik dalam menjalani hemodialisa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian naratif kualitatif, partisipan yg dipergunakan sebanyak 6 orang menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Instrument yang dipergunakan artinya wawancara semi terstruktur. Maka bisa disimpulkan peningkatakan kepatuhan penderita gagal ginjal kronik yg menjalani hemodialisa 6 orang partisipan patuh dan 1 orang partisipan tidak patuh pada menjalani hemodialisa.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR DI DESA GUNUNG TUA KECAMATAN TANAH PINEM KABUPATEN DAIRI
Authors: Berutu Heriaty , Manik Herlina Evi Yanti
Published: April 2023

Penduduk dan permukiman di Desa Gunung Tua Kecamatan Tanah Pinem Kabupaten Dairi mempunyai risiko tinggi terhadap bencana longsor. Jika suatu wilayah memiliki kerentanan longsor tinggi, maka perlunya masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap agar dapat meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana longsor lahan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengetahuan kebencanaan dan sikap kesiapsiagaan serta untuk kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana longsor lahan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat sebanyak 90 responden di Desa Gunung Tua Kecamatan Tanah Pinem Kabupaten Dairi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket/kuisioner dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data berupa teknik analisis persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dari 90 responden mayoritas responden berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 59 responden (65.6%), dan minoritas berpengetahuan kurang yaitu 6 responden (6.7%). Sikap kesiapsiagaan mayoritas responden memiliki sikap yang cukup sebanyak 66 responden  (73.3%), dan minoritas sikap kurang yaitu 6 responden (6.7%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan cukup baik dan sikap kesiapsiagaan cukup baik. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk masyarakat, pemerintah setempat, dan praktisi pendidikan dan praktisi keilmuan dalam bidang bencana alam longsor untuk dapat dikembangkan dan disempurnakan pada penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana longsor lahan.
Study of Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum and its Clinical Correlation
Authors: Ghafoor Ammara , Ahmad Nadia , Siraj Fauzia , Khalil Sumera , Kiran Nafeess , Fahad Tayyaba
Published: April 2023

Background: Surgeon may learn more about the acetabular morphology and make a more accurate diagnosis of hip dysplasia by measuring the acetabular depth ratio. Understanding the intricacy and etiopathogenesis of illnesses like primary osteoarthritis of the hip joint etc. requires a thorough familiarity with the anatomical factors associated with this region. Objective: To evaluate the morphometric analysis of acetabulum and its clinical correlation. Study Design: Observational based study Study Setting: This study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from July 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: Using the teaching collection of the Anatomy Department, researchers examined 160 hip bones from adults with known sex. A set of digital vernier calipers was used to get all the measurements. Each variable was measured twice at separate times, and the mean of the two values was recorded. With no abnormalities in the morphology or moisture content of any of the chosen hip bones were included in the study. Osteoarthritic alterations, traumatic injuries, and skeletal diseases all led to specimen exclusion. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: All anatomical parameters of 160 hip bones were calculated in cm in which 76 (47.5%) were males and 84 (52.5%) were females. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of anatomical parameter (p>0.05). However, there were statically different in between gender. Males had a deeper acetabulum (2.8 cm) than females (2.6 cm). The acetabular diameter was statistically significantly larger in men than in females (p=0.00). The notched width in females was larger (2.75 cm) than in men (1.75 cm), and the capacity was more in males as compared to female. 96.7% of the bones had a pointed front and a lunate-shaped back. The form of the lunate at both the anterior and posterior ends is present in 3.3% of the cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, by comparing male and female 20 to 47 years of age, the current research found statistically highly significant (p<0.05) differences in acetabular depth, diameter, capacity, and notch width. Ninety-three percent of the bones had a pointed front and a lunate-shaped rear. Just 5% of instances don't have the lunate shape at either the anterior or posterior ends. In order for orthopedic surgeons to accurately determine the diameter of the acetabulum during surgical operations, it is required to do a preoperative evaluation of the acetabulum's diameter. Keywords: Acetabulum Diameter, Acetabulum Depth, Acetabulum Width, Acetabulum Capacity
Knowledge and Attitude towards Anaphylaxis Reaction by Local Anesthesia among Dental Practitioners
Authors: Maqbool Shahida , Ali Syed Muhammad Abul Hasan , Niaz Hafsa , Akbar Syed Muhammad Ali , Siddique Sobia , Shami Sarah
Published: April 2023

Background: Anaphylaxis or Type I hypersensitivity response is an acute, severe, and potentially life-threatening response to an allergen. It occurs as an immune mediated reaction due to the release of mediators by mast cells. The anaphylactic response involves skin, cardiovascular, respiratory or gastrointestinal systems. In dental settings, anaphylaxis can be faced in reaction to multiple medications including the administration of local anesthetic agents. The reaction involves difficulty in breathing, light headedness, wheezing or clammy skin. The knowledge and attitude of the treating dentist related to the anaphylaxis reaction is of prime importance as it may result in morbidity or mortality if not managed properly. Aim and objective: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners in Islamabad-Rawalpindi related to anaphylaxis reactions in patients who have been administered local anesthesia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad-Rawalpindi between Jan to June 2021. Total 377 dentist were enrolled in this study after taking consent the closed-ended questionnaire-filled. The questionnaire had two sections regarding the knowledge and practice attitude towards anaphylaxis reaction in response to local anesthesia. The data was analyzed by chi-Square test using SPSS version 24. Results: There were 377 dentists in the sample, with the age between 5-30 years old, with less than 5 years of experience. Only 4% of dentists said they routinely offer a test dosage, despite the fact that 96% of dentists had the practice of asking about previous medication allergies before beginning treatment. Just 28.9% of dentists were doing aspiration before the administration of local anesthesia with 63.1% were checked expiry date. Interestingly, most dentists kept epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroids, glucagon, and albutamol as emergency medicine but 79.7% agreed on epinephrine as a drug of choice and injected intramuscularly. Conclusion: Although anaphylaxis during dental operations is uncommon, it may have serious repercussions if it does occur. Results from the current research highlight dentists' knowledge gaps when it comes to dealing with adverse responses. Keywords: Anaphylaxis, Epinephrine, Hypersensitivity, Local anesthetic agent
Effect of High-Intensity Atorvastatin on the Prevalence of No-Reflow Phenomenon in Patient Undergoing Primary PCI: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ud-Din Khalil Muhammad Shahab- , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Afzal Zeeshan , Uddin Salah , Latif Abdul
Published: April 2023

Introduction: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the most common heart problems worldwide. So far percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has proved to be the most successful method to restore blood flow after a STEMI attack. However, the breakdown of coronary plaques often results in a failed restoration of blood. The no-reflow phenomenon complicates the treatment and delays the patient’s recovery. Statins have helped reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and have thus been used during primary PCI to enhance the chance of blood reflow. Atorvastatin is a promising candidate drug that reported promising results. Objective: In this study, the effect of high-intensity Atorvastatin has been assessed in preventing the no-reflow phenomenon. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Study Setting: Department of interventional Cardiology Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 10-06-2022 to 10-10-2022. Material and Methods: A sample size of 149 was collected using non-probability consecutive sampling and was examined using Chi-Square for independence via the SPSS program. Results: The patients had several comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common. Over half of the patients were given atorvastatin, and over 97% of patients received balloon and stent procedures. 15% of patients experienced a no-reflow phenomenon, while 85% had a successful primary PCI. High-intensity atorvastatin was found to significantly reduce the risk of no-reflow (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The statistical outcome revealed that loading atorvastatin during the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) significantly reduces the risk of a no-reflow phenomenon. Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), Atorvastatin, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), No-reflow phenomenon
Comparison of Tramadol Infusion Versus Tramadol Boluses for Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Shahzadi Iram , Sultana Maryam , Ameer Hamza Hasnain
Published: April 2023

Background: The management of postoperative pain is one of the primary focuses in efforts to reduce postoperative morbidity. Analgesia that is managed by the patient is a superior method for pain treatment since it eliminates the risk of both drug overdose and addiction. Objective: To compare the outcome with tramadol infusion versus tramadol boluses in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study Settings: Department of Anesthesiology, Doctor’s Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore from from 21-06-2020 to 20-12-2020. Material and Methods: Using a random number table, the patients were divided equally between two groups. At the time of induction of general anaesthesia, patients in both groups received an initial loading dose of 1mg/Kg of tramadol through intravenous injection. While the infusion group had a tramadol infusion at 10mg/hr for 24 hours following surgery, the bolus group received a placebo solution (normal saline 0.9%) and patients only got boluses of 25 mg of tramadol on demand (VAS > 4) for up to 24 hours.. Patients were asked to complete a postoperative pain assessment after 24 hours had passed since surgery. When the VAS score was higher than 4, it was noted that analgesics were used. Results: In Group-A, the mean pain score in the sixth hour was 5.42±0.61 while in Group-B, it was 5.30±1.18. At the 12th hour, Group A was at 5.60 ±0.99 and Group B was at 5.08 ±1.60. At the 18th hour, Group A was at 4.90± 1.37 and Group B was at 5.26± 1.16. At the 24th hour, Group A was at 4.28± 1.68 and Group B was at 5.02 ±1.12. Mean analgesia was 60.00±0.00 in group A and 61.64±14.68 in group B at the sixth hour (P>0.05). At the 12-hour mark, group A's mean analgesia was 117.50±11.88 and group B's was 104.80±21.88 (P 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in analgesic consumption between the treatment groups at the 18th and 24th hours (p-values: 0.120 and 0.929 respectively). Conclusion: In patients having lower abdominal operations, both tramadol administration methods are equally beneficial in reducing pain and analgesic use. Keywords: Tramadol boluses, Tramadol Infusion, General Anaesthesia, Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Exclusively Breastfed and Infants Fed on Cow’s Milk
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Umar , Khalid Hira , Rehman Sana , Aymun Ujala , Awan Nagham Nawaz
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Iron is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency in infants and young children around the world despite its importance for healthy brain development. Infants who drink whole cow's milk or other animal milks are at a greater risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia. In our culture, cow's milk consumption is widespread. There were no local studies available on iron deficiency anemia in infants using different types of milk so need for the present study was felt. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of exclusively breastfed and cow’s milk fed infants at 3 month of age and to compare the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in exclusively breastfed and cow’s milk fed infants. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Setting and Duration: Research was conducted at the Medical Outpatient Department of The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore from 08/02/2022 to 07/08/2022. Material and Methods: This study involved 220 infants of both genders at 3 months of age presenting for vaccination. Outcome variables were frequency of exclusive breast feeding and iron deficiency anemia. All patients' guardians signed an informed consent form. Results: There were 115 (52.3%) male and 105 (47.7%) female patients in the study group. The Hb of the patients ranged from 7.6 g/dl to 14.5 g/dl with a mean of 11.00±1.98 g/dl while the serum iron level ranged from 41 µg/dl to 115 µg/dl with a mean of 67.94±22.99 µg/dl. Majority of the parents (56.4%) belonged to poor class and 46.4% mothers were illiterate. The frequency of exclusive breastfed infants was 45 (20.5%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of exclusive breast feeding across gender (p=0.873), socioeconomic (p=0.900) and educational (p=0.858) status. 76 (34.5%) Infants had iron deficiency anemia. The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was higher among infants on cow’s milk (37.7% vs. 22.2%) as compared to those on exclusive breast feeding however the observed difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.051). Similar insignificant difference was observed across gender, socioeconomic and educational status groups. Conclusion: The frequency of exclusive breastfed infants was 45 (20.5%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of exclusive breast feeding across gender (p=0.873), socioeconomic (p=0.900) and educational (p=0.858) status. 76 (34.5%) Infants had iron deficiency anemia. The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was insignificantly higher among infants on cow’s milk (37.7% vs. 22.2%; p=0.051) as compared to those on exclusive breast feeding. Similar insignificant difference was observed across gender, socioeconomic and educational status groups. Keywords: Exclusive Breast Feeding, Cow’s Milk Feeding, Iron Deficiency Anemia
Frequency of LV Thrombus Formation after Anterior Wall St-Segment Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rashid Sohail , Afridi Muhammad Saeed , Butt Zain Mehmood , Khan Muhammad Suleman , Tauqir Rimsha , Rahman Mattiur , Arman Ashiqullah
Published: April 2023

Objective: To assess the frequency of thrombus formation in LV post Anterior wall ST Segment elevation acute MI. Methodology: In this descriptive case series during the year 2018 we included 100 cases of age 40-70years of either gender presenting with STEMI planned to undergo Transthoracic echocardiography. Demographic information including name, age, gender, BMI, smoking and diabetes (BSR>186mg/dl) was also noted. Then patients were admitted in cardiology wards and were followed-up there. Then patients were discharged after 3days and were followed-up in OPD for one week. After one week, patients were evaluated on 2-D Transthoracic echocardiography and LV thrombus was labeled. The patients who had LV thrombus, were managed as per hospital protocol. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.68±8.59years. There were 90 (90%) males and 10 (10%) females. The mean BMI of patients was 24.54±3.49kg/m2. There were 43 (43%) smokers and 57 (57%) were non-smokers. There were 36 (36%) diabetics and 64 (64%) were non-diabetics. In this study, 63 (63%) underwent thrombolysis and 87 (87%) underwent primary PCI after STEMI. There were 7 (7%) cases who developed LV thrombus while 93 (93%) were remained free of LV thrombus. Concussion: Frequency of Left ventricular thrombus formation is low in our local population. Keywords: Left ventricular thrombus, anterior wall myocardial infarction, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, Transthoracic echocardiography
Possible Association of Female-Pattern Hair Loss with Alteration in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels
Authors: Hailat Raef , Mughal Hira , Malik Tooba , Sagheer Afshan , Javed Asma , Memon Quratulain
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Most women who experience diffuse hair loss suffer from female-pattern hair loss (FPHL). Several mechanisms other than androgen have been suggested as contributing to the process. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH) D] has been associated with other hair disorders. The present study aimed to assess the female-pattern hair loss possible association with variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 72 FPHL diagnosed female patients attending dermatology department of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Jamshoro and Karachi from November 2021 to October 2022. Females aged 18-40 years with skin prototypes III and IV were enrolled. About 72 healthy females were considered as control group. Study protocol was approved by the institutional research and ethical committee. Careful history, socioeconomic status, FPHL family history, menstrual history, and drug intake were recorded from cases and control. Patients were classified as having stage I, II, or III FPHL based on a clinical evaluation of the pattern of hair loss using Ludwig's scale. 25-OHD levels over a period of 4 months were measured to minimize seasonal bias. Females with 25-OHD levels <20 ng/ml were deficient, insufficient 21–29 ng/ml, sufficient >30 ng/ml, and intoxication >150 ng/ml. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 28.6±2.4 years. Age-wise distribution of patients were as follows: 9 (12.5%) in 18-25 years, 24 (33.3%) in 26-30 years, 21 (29.2%) in 31-35 years, and 18 (25%) 36-40 years. Serum 25-(OH) D levels in FPHL patients were significantly lower (15.4 ± 8.25 ng/ml) than in controls (46.42 ± 19.92 ng/ml). The mean vitamin D level did not differ significantly between patients with and without family history (14.46 ± 8.62 and 13.9 ± 8.24 ng/ml, respectively. The mean vitamin D level differed significantly between the three Ludwig's degrees (13.15 ± 8.49, 14.23 ± 6.74, and 24.9 ± 6.42 ng/ml, respectively): between degrees I and III, as well as between degrees II and III. Conclusion: The present study showed that hair loss varied significantly across all age groups. Premenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency have higher rates of hair loss, which is most profound in the age groups 26-30, followed by 25-30. Furthermore, changes in serum 25-(OH) D levels, whether deficient or sufficient, may play a role in the etiology of FPHL. Keywords: Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL), Vitamin D, Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D
Frequency of NAFLD among Patients of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Khan Zaryab , Ain Hoor Ul , Faryal Sheeba , Inayat Habiba , Ahmed Faizan , Aijaz Wasfa
Published: April 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of NAFLD in coronary artery disease patients. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Department of General Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, MTI Peshawar in the duration from June, 2022 to November, 2022. Methods: Total 125 patients of both genders with age 25-75 years were presented. Patients were included if they had a verified diagnosis of CAD and stenosis in either of the main coronary arteries or one of the branches. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed with ultrasound of the liver in all individuals. Likewise, steatosis severity was ranked from 0 (no steatosis present) to 3 (moderate steatosis present) (severe steatosis). At last, the patients' NAFLD prevalence was calculated. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Results: In all, 73 (58.4%) patients were males and 52 (41.6%) cases were females. Mean age of the patients was 44.6±18.37 years and had mean BMI 26.9±11.65 kg/m2. Most common comorbidity was hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidemia. There were 60 (48%) smokers among all cases. Frequency of NAFLD was found in 62 (49.6%) cases. Among 62 cases of NAFLD, 40 cases were had normal NAFLD (grade 1) and 22 cases were had mild NAFLD (grade 2). Majority of the NAFLD patients were had hyperlipidemia, obesity and hypertension. Conclusion: We found that obese, HTN, and hyperlipidemic NAFLD individuals were more common. The prevalence and severity of NAFLD were also independently linked with CAD. Normal vascular and NOB patients had mild NAFLD, while extensive CAD patients with multi-vessel disease had severe NAFLD. Keywords: CAD, NAFLD, Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, HTN
A Comparative Study of McKenzie Back Program and Conventional Physiotherapy in Relieving Backache due to Lumbar Disc Prolapse
Authors: Moazzam Aqeel , Kaleem Arif , Ali Waqas , Nadeem Zohaib , , Ahmad Nisar , Ahmad Imran , Aziz Abdul
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is considered as one of the commonest problems, in which pain felt in the lumbosacral spinal and paraspinal regions which encompass the buttocks and upper thigh. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the comparison between McKenzie back program and conventional physiotherapy in relieving backache due to lumbar disc prolapse. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore during January 2022 to June 2022. Persons having MRI and previously diagnosed as Disc herniation or Lumbar disc herniation LDH or Prolapsed Lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) were also enrolled and screened for the second time, the persons who had no MRI were advised to perform with proper justification. Results: Data was collected from 40 patients. There were 22 females and 18 males. Both groups were matched as regards age, gender, weight, height, and BMI. ODI scores showed a significant decrease in both groups post-treatment (p = 0.001) indicating a decrease of functional disability. The percentage of decrease in Oswestry scores was higher in group B than group A (6.87% versus 4.82%). Practical Implication: This study will be helpful in reducing pain, increasing lumbar spine mobility and decreasing disability. Conclusion: It is concluded that McKenzie back program is more effective in reducing pain, increasing lumbar spine mobility and decreasing disability than conventional physiotherapy and stretching exercises in patients with backache due to lumbar disc prolapse. Keywords: Effective, Backache, Pain, Disability