bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a peptide in cosmetic formulations for hair volume control
Authors: Cruz C. F. , Ribeiro A. , Martins M. , Cavaco‐Paulo A.
Published: July 2017

Objective

The capacity of hair to absorb water causes changes in its physical and cosmetic properties under different environmental conditions. Hence, the control of hair volume in variable relative humidity settings is an important topic in cosmetics. The behaviour of two types of hair, Caucasian and Asian, was studied regarding their volume change in different relative humidity conditions. The ability of a peptide as a hair volume treatment was evaluated in two climate control formulations.

Methods

Tresses of the two types of hair were tested in two relative humidity (RH) conditions: (A) variable relative humidity (2 h 40% RH, followed by 2 h 90% RH and 2 h of 40% RH), and (B) continuous high relative humidity (90% RH for 6 h). Changes in the hair tress volume were assessed throughout time. Hair treated with two climate control formulations, with and without a peptide (KP peptide), were tested under the two relative humidity conditions.

Results

Caucasian hair had a higher change in volume compared to the Asian hair in variable and high relative humidity conditions. The hair volume increase when subject to high air humidity, and it was lower with the incorporation of a peptide into climate control formulations.

Conclusion

Caucasian hair showed higher volume than Asian hair when submitted to both relative humidity conditions. The incorporation of the peptide into the climate control formulations, a base (mostly composed of water ≈ 94%) and an ethanolic, was found to reduce the volume of Caucasian hair tresses. The presence of the peptide improved the hair volume change more than 60% in high relative humidity conditions.
Do tournaments solve the adverse selection problem?
Authors: Tsoulouhas Theofanis
Published: July 2017

This paper provides a solution to a puzzle in the analysis of tournaments, that of why there is no agent discrimination or differential contracting in certain business practice settings. The paper examines the problem of a principal contracting with multiple agents whose activities are subject to common shocks. The presence of common shocks invites the use of relative performance evaluation to minimize the costs of moral hazard. But, in the additional presence of adverse selection, the analysis shows that there may be no need for ex ante screening through menus of offers. This is so because the principal becomes better informed ex post about agent types, via the realization of common uncertainty, and can effectively penalize or reward the agents ex post. Thus, unlike the standard adverse selection problem without common uncertainty where the principal always benefits from ex ante screening, it is shown that ex post sorting through relative performance evaluation reduces the scope for ex ante screening through menus, and can eliminate it completely if agents are known to not be very heterogeneous. This is consistent with observed practice in industries where the primary compensation mechanism is a cardinal tournament which is uniform among employees. The analysis connotes that by using relative instead of absolute performance measures, firms with employees who are not substantially heterogeneous not only can alleviate the agency problem, but there is also no need to extract the agents' ex ante private information about their innate abilities via a screening menu.
In vitro biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite‐added GIC: An SEM study using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Thomas Betsy , Gupta Kunal
Published: July 2017

Objective

Nano‐hydroxyapatite‐added GIC has been developed to improve the physical properties of conventional GIC. However, biological response of periodontal cells to this potentially useful cervical restorative material has been unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to hydroxyapatite‐added GIC.

Materials and Methods

Three categories of materials, namely, test group 1 (cGIC or type IX GIC), test group 2 (HA‐GIC or hydroxyapatite‐added GIC), and positive control (glass cover slips) were incubated with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The samples were viewed under scanning electron microscope to study the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. Additionally, elemental analysis was performed to differentiate between the two test groups based on surface chemical composition.

Results

Test group 1 (cGIC) exhibited cells with curled up morphology, indicative of poor attachment to the substrate. Test group 2 (Ha‐GIC) exhibited cells with flattened morphology and numerous cellular extensions such as lamellipodia and blebs, indicative of good attachment to the substrate. The test group 2 (Ha‐GIC) demonstrated higher surface elemental percentages of calcium and phosphorus.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that hydroxyapatite‐added GIC is more biocompatible than conventional GIC (type IX), probably attributed to high elemental percentages of calcium and phosphorus.

Clinical significance

The search for an ideal cervical restorative dental material has been ever elusive. Hydroxyapatite‐added GIC is a simple and economical dental material to fabricate from basic conventional GIC. The results from this study strengthen its candidature for cervical and root surface restorations which may later require soft tissue augmentation. The possibility of connective tissue adhesion to this material is an exciting prospect in the field of periorestorative dentistry.
Evidence of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry movement between fresh water and a brackish environment
Authors: Taal I. , Rohtla M. , Saks L. , Svirgsden R. , Kesler M. , Matetski L. , Vetemaa M.
Published: July 2017

This study reports descent of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry from their natal streams to brackish waters of the Baltic Sea and their use of this environment as an alternative rearing habitat before ascending back to freshwater streams. To the authors' knowledge, residency in a brackish environment has not previously been demonstrated in S. salar fry. Recruitment success and evolutionary significance of this alternative life‐history strategy are presently not known.
Labor, Agency, and State‐building in Trinidad and Tobago: Toward a Postcolonial Sociological Approach to Development
Authors: Edwards Zophia
Published: July 2017

Existing development theories predict that factors such as natural resource wealth and the legacies of European colonizers inhibit development. However, the case of Trinidad and Tobago challenges these theories, as a resource‐rich former colony that has achieved high levels of development. This article examines what accounts for Trinidad and Tobago's development trajectory. Advancing a novel analytical approach – a postcolonial sociological approach – this study emphasizes what existing theories miss, namely, the role of organized labor in enabling Trinidad and Tobago to escape the development trap. The findings suggest that development studies attend to how colonial labor legacies shape post‐colonial development.
Long‐term outcomes of tonsillectomy for IgA nephropathy patients: A retrospective cohort study, two‐centre analysis with the inverse probability therapy weighting method
Authors: Matsumoto Keiichiro , Ikeda Yuki , Yamaguchi Sae , Sanematsu Mai , Fukuda Makoto , Takashima Tsuyoshi , Kishi Tomoya , Miyazono Motoaki , Uchiumi Saori , Yoshizaki Mai , Nonaka Yasunori , Matsumoto Ryoko , Kanaya Akiko , Fukunari Kenichi , Ikeda Yuji
Published: July 2017

Summary at a Glance

The effect of tonsillectomy on IgAN remains controversial. This paper contains important information on this issue, showing the lack of effectiveness of tonsillectomy on long‐term outcome of IgAN.
Comparison of resting energy equations and total energy expenditure in haemodialysis patients and body composition measured by multi‐frequency bioimpedance
Authors: Oliveira Ben , Sridharan Sivakumar , Farrington Ken , Davenport Andrew
Published: July 2017

Aim

Waste products of metabolism are retained in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Cellular metabolism generates energy, and patients with greater energy expenditure may therefore require more dialysis. The aim of the present study was to determine the amount of dialysis required, to determine equations estimating the required resting and total energy expenditure (REE, TEE).

Methods

Estimates of REE in HD patients were compared using established equations with a novel equation recently validated in HD patients (HD equation). TEE was derived from REE (HD equation) and estimates of physical activity obtained by questionnaire. REE and TEE relationships with bioimpedance measured body composition were then determined.

Results

A total of 317 HD patients were studied: 195 males (61.5%), 123 diabetic (38.9%), mean age 65.0 ± 15.3 and weight 73.1 ± 16.8 kg. REE from HD Equation was 1509 ± 241 kcal/day, which was greater than for Mifflin St Joer 1384 ± 259, Harris‐Benedict 1437 ± 244, Katch‐McArdle 1345 ± 232 (all P < 0.05 vs. HD Equation), but less than Cunningham 1557 ± 236 kcal/day. Bland–Altman mean bias ranged from −263 to 55 kcal/day. TEE was 1727 (1558–1976) kcal/day, and on multi‐variable analysis was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass (β 23.3, P < 0.001), employment (β 406.5, P < 0.001), low co‐morbidity (β 105.1, P = 0.006), and protein nitrogen appearance (β 2.7, P = 0.015), and negatively with age (β −7.9, P < 0.001), and dialysis vintage (β −121.2, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Most standard equations underestimate REE in HD patients compared to the HD Equation. TEE was greater in those with higher skeletal muscle mass and protein nitrogen appearance, lower co‐morbidity, age, and dialysis vintage, and the employed. More metabolically active patients may require greater dialytic clearances.
Autosomal dominant form of type IV collagen nephropathy exists among patients with hereditary nephritis difficult to diagnose clinicopathologically
Authors: Imafuku Aya , Nozu Kandai , Sawa Naoki , Hasegawa Eiko , Hiramatsu Rikako , Kawada Masahiro , Hoshino Junichi , Tanaka Kiho , Ishii Yasuo , Takaichi Kenmei , Fujii Takeshi , Ohashi Kenichi , Iijima Kazumoto , Ubara Yoshifumi
Published: July 2017

Summary at a Glance

The study revealed that 69% of families with hereditary nephritis that was difficult to diagnose clinicopathologically had heterozygous mutations of COL4A3/A4 (TBMN/ADAS). The finding suggests the importance of genetic testing in appropriate patients.
Is the shadow economy a bane or boon for economic growth?
Authors: Saunoris James W.
Published: July 2017

This paper uses the theoretical framework developed by Feder (1983) and Ram (1986) to examine interactions (i.e. externalities and intersectoral factor productivity differentials) between the official and unofficial sectors of the economy. Results from the empirical analysis, using data on over 100 countries from 1970 to 2008, suggest that the marginal externality effect of growth in the unofficial sector on the official sector is positive. Further, input productivities are higher in the unofficial sector relative to the official sector. These results are robust using alternate measures of the (unobserved) unofficial economy and across level of development.
Dammed and diversionary: The multi‐dimensional framing of Brazil's Belo Monte dam
Authors: Atkins Ed
Published: July 2017

Belo Monte is one of the most divisive dams in Brazilian history, becoming entangled in a thirty‐year struggle between pro‐ and anti‐dam interests over the role of the facility within a complex web of Brazilian development and the future of the Brazilian Amazon. This research explores how the proponents of Belo Monte have adopted a number of policy frames as a means of deflection, to divide the opposition and legitimize the project. It investigates this claim by analyzing speeches given within the Brazilian Câmara dos Deputados and the public speeches of high‐level politicians. These sources, organized around a framework previously identified by Ahlers et al. (), show that the government and individual politicians have used a variety of framing devices to legitimize the hydroelectric facility. Principal methods of framing used also demonstrate how contemporary narratives (e.g. sustainability) have been employed to deflect opposition criticism and widen the scheme's perceived beneficiaries. In doing so, this paper demonstrates how the transformation represented by Belo Monte encompassed not only a process of engineering but also a re‐articulation of the complex and its role in modern Brazil.
Addressing the risk of bacterial contamination in platelets: a hospital economic perspective
Authors: Li Justin W. , Brecher Mark E. , Jacobson Jessica L. , Harm Sarah K. , Chen Dorothy , El‐Gamil Audrey , Dobson Al , Mintz Paul D.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

Bacterially contaminated platelets (PLTs) remain a serious risk. The Food and Drug Administration has issued draft guidance recommending hospitals implement secondary testing or transfuse PLTs that have been treated with pathogen reduction technology (PRT). The cost implications of these approaches are not well understood.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We modeled incurred costs when hospitals acquire, process, and transfuse PLTs that are PRT treated with INTERCEPT (Cerus Corp.) or secondary tested with the PLT PGD Test (Verax Biomedical).

RESULTS

Hospitals will spend $221.27 (30.0%) more per PRT‐treated apheresis PLT unit administered compared to a Zika‐tested apheresis PLT unit that is irradiated and PGD tested in hospital. This difference is reflected in PRT PLT units having: 1) a higher hospital purchase price ($100.00 additional charge compared to an untreated PLT); 2) lower therapeutic effectiveness than untreated PLTs among hematologic‐oncologic patients, which contributes to additional transfusions ($96.05); or 3) fewer PLT storage days, which contributes to higher outdating cost from expired PLTs ($67.87). Only a small portion of the incremental costs for PRT‐treated PLTs are offset by costs that may be avoided, including primary bacterial culture, secondary bacterial testing ($26.65), hospital irradiation ($8.50), Zika testing ($4.47), and other costs ($3.03).

CONCLUSION

The significantly higher cost of PRT‐treated PLTs over PGD‐tested PLTs should interest stakeholders. For hospitals that outdate PLTs, savings associated with expiration extension to 7 days by adding PGD testing will likely be substantially greater than the cost of implementing PGD‐testing. Our findings might usefully inform a hospital's decision to select a particular blood safety approach.
Comparison of two external fixator systems for fracture reduction during minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in simulated antebrachial fractures
Authors: Gilbert Erika D. , Lewis Daniel D. , Townsend Sarah , Kim Stanley E.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To compare the Minimally Invasive Reduction Instrumentation System (MIRIS) to a two‐ring circular fixator construct (CFC) for indirect reduction during minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis.

Study Design

Cadaveric antebrachial fracture model.

Animals

Ten skeletally mature dog cadavers.

Methods

Simulated bilateral antebrachial fractures were reduced and stabilized with the MIRIS on one limb, and a CFC on the contralateral limb, prior to placing a 10 hole Locking Compression Plate. Time to satisfactory reduction and implant placement were compared. Difficulty of fracture reduction and plate application was subjectively scored (1 to 5) for each procedure. Prefracture and postoperative orthogonal antebrachial radiographs were compared to assess restoration of radial length and angulation in sagittal and frontal planes. A paired t test (P ≤ .05) was used to compare parameters between the two reduction techniques.

Results

Reduction was faster (P = .0191) and plate application was subjectively easier (P = .047) when using the MIRIS compared to the CFC. There were no differences in subjective difficulty of reduction or plate application time between techniques. Mean postoperative radial length was reduced by approximately 4‐mm, and procurvatum were decreased by approximately 7° compared to prefracture measurements, regardless of reduction technique.

Conclusion

The MIRIS allowed for faster fracture reduction, and simplified plate placement compared to a temporary application of a CFC in our simulated antebrachial fracture model.
Effectiveness of pay-for-performance for chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Otts Jo Ann A. , Pearce Patricia F. , Langford Cynthia A.
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this review is to assess the evidence on the effectiveness of implementation of a pay-for-performance program on clinical outcomes in the adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient receiving hemodialysis.

The review question is: What is the effectiveness of implementation of a pay-for-performance program on clinical outcomes in the adult CKD patient receiving hemodialysis, as compared to the period immediately before implementation of the program?

More specifically, the objectives are to identify:

The effectiveness of a pay-for-performance program on management of anemia in the adult chronic hemodialysis patient, with hemoglobin reported as grams per deciliter (g/dL).

The effectiveness of a pay-for-performance program on adequacy of hemodialysis, as measured by a single-pool Kt/V, where “K” equals the dialyzer clearance of urea, “t” equals the time on dialysis and “V” equals the volume of distribution of urea,
1
or a urea reduction ratio (URR), where the URR = 100 × (1 − post-dialysis blood urea nitrogen [BUN]/pre-dialysis BUN).
2
Incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ho Portia , Patman Shane , Bulsara Caroline , Downs Jenny , Bulsara Max , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence to determine the incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community.
eHealth interventions for parents in neonatal intensive care units: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dol Justine , Delahunty-Pike Alannah , Siani Sheren Anwar , Campbell-Yeo Marsha
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:

The objective of this review is to examine the effect of electronic health (eHealth) interventions used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on parent-related and infant outcomes.
Experiences of substitute decision makers in making decisions for older persons diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder at end of life: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Cresp Sarah J. , Lee Susan F. , Moss Cheryle
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on how substitute decision makers (SDMs) are affected by and experience making decisions at end of life (EOL) for older persons diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD) (dementia). Addressing the objective will provide an understanding of SDMs’ experiences of making decisions for older persons diagnosed with major NCD at EOL, in order to tailor supportive education and interventions and potentially decrease inopportune outcomes.

Specifically, the review questions are as follows:

How are SDMs affected by making decisions at EOL for older persons diagnosed with NCD?

What are the experiences of SDMs in making decisions at EOL for older persons diagnosed with NCD?
Footwear and insole design features to prevent foot ulceration in people with diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Collings Richard , Freeman Jennifer , Latour Jos M. , Glasser Sam , Paton Joanne
Published: July 2017

Review question/objective:

The aim of this systematic review is to identify the key design features of footwear and insoles that are used to offload the plantar surface of the foot to prevent foot ulceration in adults with diabetes.

More specifically, the objectives are to identify the key design features of footwear and insoles to offload the plantar surface of the foot with regard to:

Profile/shape of the insole, shoe upper and shoe outsole

Material type and properties of the insole and shoe outsole

Modifications made to the insole and shoe outsole

Fabrication techniques used for the insole and shoe.
High-performance electro-optical characteristics of organic light-emitting diode using dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-2,3
Authors: Park Hong-Gyu , Park Sang-Geon
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the high-performance characteristics of a device that uses dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-2,3 (HAT_CN) as the hole-injection layer are reported. Devices with HAT_CN showed a higher current density (of about 3.97 A/cm2 at 3 V) than those without a hole-injection layer. The higher current density of the devices with HAT_CN can be attributed to the nonexistence of a hole-injection barrier because of the HAT_CN, and the carrier transfer effect that is facilitated by the small difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine in the hole-injection layer. The device with HAT_CN achieved a high maximum current efficiency of 11.45 cd/A, despite the collapse of the carrier balance. The external quantum efficiency of the device with HAT_CN was increased by approximately 0.4% compared to that of a device without the hole-injection layer.
A variational data assimilation system for the range dependent acoustic model using the representer method: Theoretical derivations
Authors: Ngodock Hans , Carrier Matthew , Fabre Josette , Zingarelli Robert , Souopgui Innocent
Published: July 2017

This study presents the theoretical framework for variational data assimilation of acoustic pressure observations into an acoustic propagation model, namely, the range dependent acoustic model (RAM). RAM uses the split-step Padé algorithm to solve the parabolic equation. The assimilation consists of minimizing a weighted least squares cost function that includes discrepancies between the model solution and the observations. The minimization process, which uses the principle of variations, requires the derivation of the tangent linear and adjoint models of the RAM. The mathematical derivations are presented here, and, for the sake of brevity, a companion study presents the numerical implementation and results from the assimilation simulated acoustic pressure observations.
A multi-wave elastic metamaterial based on degenerate local resonances
Authors: Rupin Matthieu , Roux Philippe
Published: July 2017

In this letter, an experimental and numerical study of the influence of symmetric resonators on Lamb waves that propagate in a thin metallic plate is reported. The resonators consist of a set of small, closely packed rods that pass through the plate from side to side to create a locally resonant metamaterial. Adjusting the symmetry of these rods creates degenerate flexural resonances that can be tuned to couple only with a given Lamb mode that is either symmetric (S0) or anti-symmetric (A0). This approach offers promising perspectives in the development of metamaterials for elastic waves that involve non-scalar interactions.
Comparative Evaluation of Subtyping Tools for Surveillance of Newly Emerging HIV-1 Strains
Authors: Fabeni Lavinia , Berno Giulia , Fokam Joseph , Bertoli Ada , Alteri Claudia , Gori Caterina , Forbici Federica , Takou Desiré , Vergori Alessandra , Zaccarelli Mauro , Maffongelli Gaetano , Borghi Vanni , Latini Alessandra , Pennica Alfredo , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Montella Francesco , Mussini Cristina , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Perno Carlo Federico , Santoro Maria Mercedes ,   The Resistance Study Group
Published: July 2017

HIV-1 non-B subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are increasing worldwide. Since subtype identification can be clinically relevant, we assessed the added value in HIV-1 subtyping using updated molecular phylogeny (Mphy) and the performance of routinely used automated tools. Updated Mphy (2015 updated reference sequences), used as a gold standard, was performed to subtype 13,116 HIV-1 protease/reverse transcriptase sequences and then compared with previous Mphy (reference sequences until 2014) and with COMET, REGA, SCUEAL, and Stanford subtyping tools. Updated Mphy classified subtype B as the most prevalent (73.4%), followed by CRF02_AG (7.9%), C (4.6%), F1 (3.4%), A1 (2.2%), G (1.6%), CRF12_BF (1.2%), and other subtypes (5.7%). A 2.3% proportion of sequences were reassigned as different subtypes or CRFs because of misclassification by previous Mphy. Overall, the tool most concordant with updated Mphy was Stanford-v8.1 (95.4%), followed by COMET (93.8%), REGA-v3 (92.5%), Stanford-old (91.1%), and SCUEAL (85.9%). All the tools had a high sensitivity (≥98.0%) and specificity (≥95.7%) for subtype B. Regarding non-B subtypes, Stanford-v8.1 was the best tool for C, D, and F subtypes and for CRFs 01, 02, 06, 11, and 36 (sensitivity, ≥92.6%; specificity, ≥99.1%). A1 and G subtypes were better classified by COMET (92.3%) and REGA-v3 (98.6%), respectively. Our findings confirm Mphy as the gold standard for accurate HIV-1 subtyping, although Stanford-v8.1, occasionally combined with COMET or REGA-v3, represents an effective subtyping approach in clinical settings. Periodic updating of HIV-1 reference sequences is fundamental to improving subtype characterization in the context of an effective epidemiological surveillance of non-B strains.
Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results
Authors: Kuramitsu Madoka , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Yamochi Tadanori , Firouzi Sanaz , Sato Tomoo , Umeki Kazumi , Sasaki Daisuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Kubota Ryuji , Sobata Rieko , Matsumoto Chieko , Kaneko Noriaki , Momose Haruka , Araki Kumiko , Saito Masumichi , Nosaka Kisato , Utsunomiya Atae , Koh Ki-Ryang , Ogata Masao , Uchimaru Kaoru , Iwanaga Masako , Sagara Yasuko , Yamano Yoshihisa , Okayama Akihiko , Miura Kiyonori , Satake Masahiro , Saito Shigeru , Itabashi Kazuo , Yamaguchi Kazunari , Kuroda Makoto , Watanabe Toshiki , Okuma Kazu , Hamaguchi Isao
Published: July 2017

Western blotting (WB) for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is performed to confirm anti-HTLV-1 antibodies detected at the initial screening of blood donors and in pregnant women. However, the frequent occurrence of indeterminate results is a problem with this test. We therefore assessed the cause of indeterminate WB results by analyzing HTLV-1 provirus genomic sequences. A quantitative PCR assay measuring HTLV-1 provirus in WB-indeterminate samples revealed that the median proviral load was approximately 100-fold lower than that of WB-positive samples (0.01 versus 0.71 copy/100 cells). Phylogenic analysis of the complete HTLV-1 genomes of WB-indeterminate samples did not identify any specific phylogenetic groups. When we analyzed the nucleotide changes in 19 HTLV-1 isolates from WB-indeterminate samples, we identified 135 single nucleotide substitutions, composed of four types, G to A (29%), C to T (19%), T to C (19%), and A to G (16%). In the most frequent G-to-A substitution, 64% occurred at GG dinucleotides, indicating that APOBEC3G is responsible for mutagenesis in WB-indeterminate samples. Moreover, interestingly, five WB-indeterminate isolates had nonsense mutations in Pol and/or Tax, Env, p12, and p30. These findings suggest that WB-indeterminate carriers have low production of viral antigens because of a combination of a low proviral load and mutations in the provirus, which may interfere with host recognition of HTLV-1 antigens.
Evaluation of the Biological Properties and Cross-Reactive Antibody Response to H10 Influenza Viruses in Ferrets
Authors: Sutton Troy C. , Lamirande Elaine W. , Czako Rita , Subbarao Kanta
Published: July 2017

The recent outbreak of avian origin H10N7 influenza among seals in northern Europe and two fatal human infections with an avian H10N8 virus in China have demonstrated that H10 viruses can spread between mammals and cause severe disease in humans. To gain insight into the potential for H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and to identify a candidate vaccine strain, we evaluated the
in vitro
and
in vivo
properties and antibody response in ferrets to 20 diverse H10 viruses. H10 virus infection of ferrets caused variable weight loss, and all 20 viruses replicated throughout the respiratory tract; however, replication in the lungs was highly variable. In glycan-binding assays, the H10 viruses preferentially bound “avian-like” α2,3-linked sialic acids. Importantly, several isolates also displayed strong binding to long-chain “human-like” α2,6-linked sialic acids and exhibited comparable or elevated neuraminidase activity relative to human H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 viruses. In hemagglutination inhibition assays, 12 antisera cross-reacted with ≥14 of 20 H10 viruses, and 7 viruses induced neutralizing activity against ≥15 of the 20 viruses. By combining data on weight loss, viral replication, and the cross-reactive antibody response, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable virus for vaccine development. Collectively, our findings suggest that H10 viruses may continue to sporadically infect humans and other mammals, underscoring the importance of developing an H10 vaccine for pandemic preparedness.

IMPORTANCE
Avian origin H10 influenza viruses sporadically infect humans and other mammals; however, little is known about viruses of this subtype. Thus, we characterized the biological properties of 20 H10 viruses
in vitro
and in ferrets. Infection caused mild to moderate weight loss (5 to 15%), with robust viral replication in the nasal tissues and variable replication in the lung. H10 viruses preferentially bind “avian-like” sialic acids, although several isolates also displayed binding to “human-like” sialic acid receptors. This is consistent with the ability of H10 viruses to cross the species barrier and warrants selection of an H10 vaccine strain. By evaluating the cross-reactive antibody response to the H10 viruses and combining this analysis with viral replication and weight loss findings, we identified A/mallard/Portugal/79906/2009 (H10N7) as a suitable H10 vaccine strain.
Fungus Causing White-Nose Syndrome in Bats Accumulates Genetic Variability in North America with No Sign of Recombination
Authors: Trivedi Jigar , Lachapelle Josianne , Vanderwolf Karen J. , Misra Vikram , Willis Craig K. R. , Ratcliffe John M. , Ness Rob W. , Anderson James B. , Kohn Linda M.
Published: July 2017

Since its discovery in 2006, the emerging infectious disease known as white-nose syndrome has killed millions of bats in North America, making it one of the most devastating wildlife epidemics in recorded history. We demonstrate that there has been as yet only spontaneous mutation across the North American population of
P. destructans
, and we find no indication of recombination. Thus, selective forces, which might otherwise impact pathogenic virulence, have so far had essentially no genetic variation on which to act. Our study confirmed the time of origin for the first and, thus far, only introduction of
P. destructans
to North America. This system provides an unprecedented opportunity to follow the evolution of a host-pathogen interaction unfolding in real time.
Central retinal artery occlusion in a 30-year-old woman taking tranexamic acid
Authors: Wijetilleka Sidath , Yeo Damien Chia Ming , Sharma Bhavana
Published: July 2017

We present a case of a 30-year-old woman who suffered a central retinal artery occlusion while taking tranexamic acid. She had no vascular risk factors and was placed on the drug for treatment of menorrhagia. After 1 month of taking the drug, she suffered a central retinal artery occlusion in her left eye. Tranexamic acid was discontinued to prevent vision loss in the following eye. She remains with no perception of light vision in the affected eye.
Headache, TIA and subarachnoid haemorrhage: dissecting an unusual cause for stroke-like symptoms
Authors: Dawson Elliot T , Brown Desmond A , Rabinstein Alejandro A
Published: July 2017

We present a case of supraclinoid internal carotid artery dissection. Eleven months prior, the patient developed isolated periorbital pain and was diagnosed with giant-cell arteritis with iritis. The patient experienced recurrent spells concerning for transient ischaemic attacks and was transferred to our institution for endovascular intervention after head CT revealed an embolic infarct with a ‘dense middle cerebral artery sign.’ Digital subtraction angiography was negative for occlusion, instead demonstrating luminal stenosis and poststenotic dilatation. He subsequently experienced acute neurological decline secondary to massive subarachnoid haemorrhage. Non-invasive vascular imaging revealed an intimal flap and a pseudoaneurysm at the site of luminal stenosis, confirming our suspicion for intracranial carotid artery dissection. Given the moribund clinical state, the family opted to withdraw care, and he quickly expired.
Health promotion through sport: international sport federations’ priorities, actions and opportunities
Authors: Mountjoy Margo , Costa A , Budgett R , Dvorak J , Engebretsen L , Miller S , Moran J , Foster J , Carr J
Published: July 2017

Objective

To identify areas of priority and activity for international sportsfederations (IFs) with respect to athlete health and safety, and global health. Results serve to direct the work of the Association of Summer Olympic IF Medical and Scientific Consultative Group, the International Olympic Committee and to influence IFs’ planning and priorities.

Methods

The 28 IFs participating in the Summer Olympic Games (2016) were asked to rank the relative importance of 11 health-related topics and to report their activities or research initiatives on 27 identified topics using an electronic survey. A comparison with a similar survey (2012) was made.

Results

The response rate was 100%. In general, the ‘fight against doping’ had the highest priority followed by‘image as a safe sport’. The topics with the lowest importance ratings were ‘increasing the number of elite athletes’, and ‘health of the general population’. Despite ranking ‘health of your athletes,’ as a top priority, IFs are not addressing all aspects of athlete health. In comparison with 2012, there was a significant decrease in priority for IFs is ‘health of the general population’.

Conclusion

Despite the widespread knowledge of the importance of the promotion of physical activity (sport) on global health, the decreasing priority and programming of the IFs on physical activity promotion is concerning. Although IFs have prioritised the protection of the health of elite athletes, there are gaps in programming demonstrating that IFs are missing important areas of athlete health. Improving recreational athlete health programming could also benefit population health as well as improve IF fan base and sport participation.
Update on dry cow therapy 1. antibiotic v non‐antibiotic approaches
Authors: Biggs Andrew
Published: July 2017

A two‐part series on the approach to dry cow therapy was previously published in In Practice (Green and others 2002, Bradley and others 2003), and these articles covered much of the relevant science known at the time of publication. Internal teat sealants (iTS) were in their infancy when these articles were written (Orbeseal [Zoetis] was the first iTS to market in the UK and gained authorisation in June 2002), but are now commonly used in UK dairy herds. This article, the first in a two‐part series, briefly describes the evolution of knowledge around the dry period and provides an update on where knowledge, opinions and attitudes to antibiotic and non‐antibiotic approaches used in dry cow therapy have changed. A second part, which will be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice will discuss practical approaches to targeting and justifying antibiotic dry cow therapy, with tips, tricks and challenges on initiating targeted/selective dry cow therapy on farm.
Witnessing farm animal abuse during work experience
Authors: Brown Richard
Published: July 2017

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.

In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Witnessing farm animal abuse during work experience’, was submitted and is discussed by Richard Brown. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.

The series is being coordinated by Steven McCulloch, a practising vet with a PhD in the ethics of veterinary policy. It aims to provide a framework that will help practitioners find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Suslov A. , Bikorimana S. , Lama P. , Sukharenko V. , Walser A. , Dorsinville R.
Published: July 2017

Selenium nanoparticles were fabricated using a physical deposition method based on heterogeneous condensation. The Selenium nanoparticles were deposited on a quartz substrate and the ultrafast nonlinear optical responses were investigated by using the [Formula: see text]-scan technique. The nanosize films showed two-photon absorption and a large positive nonlinear refractive index at 800 nm excitation wavelength. The obtained real and imaginary parts of the intensity-dependent complex third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the Selenium nanoparticles ranged from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] (esu) for different irradiance levels.
Intensity enhancement in harmonic intensity by using He+ ions chain
Authors: Liu Hang , Liu Katheryn , Feng Alexander
Published: July 2017

An effective method to enhance the harmonic efficiency by using the He[Formula: see text] ions chain has been proposed. It is found that (i) with the increasing number (2[Formula: see text]) of He[Formula: see text] ions, the intensities of the harmonics are enhanced and the cutoffs of the harmonics are extended. (ii) With the increasing nuclear distance ([Formula: see text] of different He[Formula: see text] ions, the intensities of the harmonics are reduced and the cutoffs of the harmonics are decreased. (iii) By using the up-chirp or the down-chirp laser fields, the cutoffs of the harmonics and the intensities of the harmonics in the cutoff region can be further extended and enhanced, respectively. The quantum analyses are shown to explain the generated process of the harmonics. (iv) By selecting the harmonics from an example case of He[Formula: see text] ions chain ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]a.u.), 33[Formula: see text]as and 45[Formula: see text]as pulses with the intensity enhancements of four and five orders of magnitude can be produced.
Isolated sub-30-as pulse generation from few-cycle spatially inhomogeneous laser pulses
Authors: Xiang Yang , Cui Zhiheng , Lu Jing , Xu Yuan , Feng Hongmei , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Jian
Published: July 2017

We investigate theoretically the high-order harmonic generation from few-cycle spatially inhomogeneous laser pulses. It is found that the cutoff of the high-order harmonic spectrum extends dramatically compared with that from homogeneous pulse. With proper inhomogeneous parameters, a broad continuum spectrum appears, from which an isolated attosecond pulse with duration less than 30as could be obtained without any phase compensation. The duration of generated attosecond pulse is not sensitive to the variation of the carrier-envelop phase of the driver field, which may be beneficial to the realization in experiment.
PRIOR KNEE OSTEOPOROSIS ASSOCIATING THE 10-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOME OF TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Oishi Yukiyoshi , Hirano Yuji , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Yamauchi Kenichi , Kanayama Yasuhide , Ota Susumu
Published: July 2017

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether prior regional osteoporosis in the knee associates the 10-year outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). About 63 knees of 45 RA patients underwent cruciate-retaining Deltafit TKA. Overall, long-term results of the RA disease activity were based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate osteoporosis; the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) functional knee score, a disease activity score of 28 joints; and the neck large joint score 12 for joint destruction, which were investigated over 10 years. Multivariate analysis of factors affecting the JOA score at 10 years was performed. Factors affecting the JOA score at 10 years correlated with the DXA results at the distal femoral condyle, patient age, and neck large joint score 12. Prior regional osteoporosis in the knee based on DXA negatively correlated the 10-year outcome of TKA in patients with RA.
Constructing Perceptual Common Ground Between Human and Robot Through Joint Attention
Authors: Lee Kangwoo , Choo Hyunseung
Published: July 2017

Joint attention is a communicative activity that allows social partners to share perceptual experiences by jointly attending to an environmental object. Unlike the common approach towards joint attention, which is based on the developmental view in robotics, here it is conceptualized with a psychophysical paradigm known as cueing. The triadic interaction of joint attention is formalized as the conditional probability of an attentional response for a given target candidate derived from object features and a cue derived from a human partner's indication. A robotic system to which the joint attention model is applied conducted a series of tasks to demonstrate the properties of the computational model. The robotic system successfully performed the tasks, which could not be specified by the information derived from a target object alone; furthermore, the system demonstrated how perceptual and selection ambiguity is resolved through joint attentive interaction and made to converge into a common perceptual state. The results imply that a perceptual common ground is constructed on the triadic relationship between user, robot, and objects through joint attentive interaction.
Max-Sum Diversification, Monotone Submodular Functions, and Dynamic Updates
Authors: Borodin Allan , Jain Aadhar , Lee Hyun Chul , Ye Yuli
Published: July 2017

Result diversification is an important aspect in web-based search, document summarization, facility location, portfolio management, and other applications. Given a set of ranked results for a set of objects (e.g., web documents, facilities, etc.) with a distance between any pair, the goal is to select a subset
S
satisfying the following three criteria: (a) the subset
S
satisfies some constraint (e.g., bounded cardinality), (b) the subset contains results of high “quality,” and (c) the subset contains results that are “diverse” relative to the distance measure. The goal of result diversification is to produce a diversified subset while maintaining high quality as much as possible. We study a broad class of problems where the distances are a metric, where the constraint is given by independence in a matroid, where quality is determined by a monotone submodular function and diversity is defined as the sum of distances between objects in
S
. Our problem is a generalization of the
max-sum diversification
problem studied in Gollapudi and Sharma [2009], which in turn is a generalization of the
max-sum p-dispersion problem
studied extensively in location theory. It is NP-hard even with the triangle inequality. We propose two simple and natural algorithms: a greedy algorithm for a cardinality constraint and a local search algorithm for an arbitrary matroid constraint. We prove that both algorithms achieve constant approximation ratios.
High-Performance Ideal Lattice-Based Cryptography on 8-Bit AVR Microcontrollers
Authors: Liu Zhe , Pöppelmann Thomas , Oder Tobias , Seo Hwajeong , Roy Sujoy Sinha , Güneysu Tim , Großschädl Johann , Kim Howon , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: July 2017

Over recent years lattice-based cryptography has received much attention due to versatile average-case problems like Ring-LWE or Ring-SIS that appear to be intractable by quantum computers. In this work, we evaluate and compare implementations of Ring-LWE encryption and the bimodal lattice signature scheme (BLISS) on an 8-bit Atmel ATxmega128 microcontroller. Our implementation of Ring-LWE encryption provides comprehensive protection against timing side-channels and takes 24.9ms for encryption and 6.7ms for decryption. To compute a BLISS signature, our software takes 317ms and 86ms for verification. These results underline the feasibility of lattice-based cryptography on constrained devices.
A persuasive virtual chat agent based on sociolinguistic theories of influence
Authors: Shaikh Samira
Published: July 2017

Machine intelligence breaks new ground with each passing day, achieving feats like winning against humans in the game of Go and Jeopardy!. However, the goal of implementing social competence in machines so that they may achieve specific social goals remains elusive. Persuasion, the ability to tailor messaging to the target audience is closely related to social competence (Gass and Seiter, 2015). In using technology to persuade, we delegate a central function of human communication to a computer. This central function is intentional and goal-directed communication - deliberate, purposeful messaging with a clear outcome in mind. Our goal in this thesis is to automate the very process of persuasive communication, by designing a system which can purposefully communicate, without any restrictions on domain or genre or task, and which has the clear intention of persuading the recipients of its messaging.
A tale of two niches: differential functions for VCAM-1 in satellite cells under basal and injured conditions
Authors: Choo Hyo-Jung , Canner James P. , Vest Katherine E. , Thompson Zachary , Pavlath Grace K.
Published: July 2017

Cell-cell adhesion molecules play key roles in maintaining quiescence or promoting activation of various stem cells in their niche. Muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SC) are critical for skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, but little is known about the role of adhesion molecules in regulating the behavior of these stem cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a cell-cell adhesion protein expressed on quiescent and activated SC whose function is unknown in this context. We deleted Vcam1 from SC using an inducible Cre recombinase in young mice. In the injured niche, Vcam1−/− SC underwent premature lineage progression to a more differentiated state as well as apoptosis leading to a transient delay in myofiber growth during regeneration. Apoptosis was also increased in Vcam1−/− SC in vitro concomitant with decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, a prosurvival signal activated by VCAM-1 signaling in other cell types. During muscle regeneration, we observed an influx of immune cells expressing α4 integrin, a component of the major, high-affinity VCAM-1 ligand, α4β1 integrin. Furthermore, α4 integrin mRNA and protein were induced in SC 2 days after injury. These results suggest that SC interact with other SC as well as immune cells through α4β1 integrin in the injured niche to promote expansion of SC. In the uninjured niche, multiple cell types also expressed α4 integrin. However, only basal fusion of Vcam1−/− SC with myofibers was decreased, contributing to decreased myofiber growth. These studies define differential roles for VCAM-1 in SC depending on the state of their niche.