bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What harmful effects does nicotine cause in blood vessels? N. Kahler (Die Aerztliche Praxis, No. 1, 1929)
Authors: Rayskiy S. M.
Published: September 2021

The author of the book answers this question, nicotine causes vasospasm in all organs and especially in the brain; This spasm may underlie the frequently observed migraines, fainting conditions, aphasia, and other diseases; nicotine poisoning often causes vasomotor angina pectoris, intermittent spasms of the vessels of the abdominal cavity, proceeding under the guise of ileus, spasms of the esophagus, pyloric part of the stomach, intestines; finally, nicotine plays an important role in the development of increased gastric acidity of impotence, intermittent claudication of the extremities, diseases of Brger'a and Raynaud.
Prediction and therapy of intermittent claudication and beginning gangrene of the extremities. By Prof. H. Schlesinger'y (Mediz. Kl. No. 1-1929)
Authors: Rayskiy S. M.
Published: September 2021

By Prof. H. Schlesingery presence of intermittent limb claudication is already a threat of gangrene, and therefore every practitioner should know the symptom complex of this disease.
Treatment of congenital syphilis, especially in infants, with spirocide. Oppenheim and Fessler (Arch. F. D. u. Syph. Bd. 156, H. 3.S. 549)
Authors: Dmitriev A.
Published: September 2021

Oppenheim and Fessler dwell in detail on the still unresolved question of the dosage of the drug, citing a number of opinions of various authors who worked with spirocide; they believe that the final opinion about the value of the drug in general depends on the dose often: large and forced doses often give undesirable and sometimes very serious complications.
Comparative statistical studies on the clinical forms of progressive paralysis and their prognostic value before and after the introduction of malaria therapy. Sigfried Hecht (Arch f. P. u. N. Bd. SI. H. l)
Authors: Esselevich S.
Published: September 2021

Sigfried Hecht is trying to approach the solution of the problem, about changing the pictures of symptoms and the course of p. R. before and after the introduction of malaria therapy; cites comparative statistical data of other researchers, as well as his own, obtained by him on hospital material in 1920-23.
On benign liver tumors
Authors: Goldstein M. I.
Published: September 2021

The recognition of a benign liver tumor in an intact abdominal wall is often a very difficult and sometimes even impossible task for the therapists. This rarity of the disease gives us grounds to dwell on a case of benign liver tumor, which we observed in the Therapeutic Department of Kaz. Clinical Institute.
On the treatment of mandibular scar ankylosis
Authors: Glushkov P. A.
Published: September 2021

The wave of different kinds of epidemics that swept over Russia and has not yet subsided even to the present day, left its mark in dental surgery, in particular, in the form of cicatricial ankylosis of the lower jaw, which are the results of necrotic processes in the mouth, arising from either a suffered infection or general exhaustion. Omitting a review of all methods of treatment of this disease, let us dwell only on the methods of resection of the lower jaw as the most radical, and first of all let us consider the treatment of cicatricial ankylosis.
On the treatment of syphilis by Linser's method
Authors: Vainshtein A. B. , Golosovker S. Ya.
Published: September 2021

Every new method of abortive treatment of syphilis is both of scientific interest and of great practical value in the field of social hygiene and the social struggle against syphilis, especially at present, in connection with the progressive growth of venereal diseases: these methods, without prejudging the question of complete cure, quickly destroy all clinical manifestations of the disease and make carriers of infection safe for other people. From this point of view, the Linser's method we are considering here, which is a method of abortive treatment of syphilis in the main and most rapidly leads to the disappearance of all infectious manifestations of the disease, deserves the special attention of physicians.
A new principle in surgical treatment of peptic ulcer. Prof. Bogoraz (New Khir. Arkh., vol. 3, b. 2)
Authors: Bogolyubov V.
Published: September 2021

Of the peculiarities of gastric digestion in peptic ulcer the absolute or relative increase in acidity of gastric juice is in the foreground. Gastric ulcer surgeries-gastroenterostomy (alone or with disconnection of the pylorus) and gastric resection-achieve their purpose by facilitating the discharge of duodenal juice into the stomach and a more rapid emptying of the stomach of its contents.
V.V. Pletnev. Russian therapeutic schools. Zakharin, Botkin, Ostroumov. 102 pp. Published by Frenkel. Petrograd-Moscow, 1923
Authors: Luria R.
Published: September 2021

As an epigraph to his work, Prof. Pletnev very aptly chose the words of the famous historian Klyuchevsky: "We are generally reluctant to look into our past and timid to tread forward. Russian therapists in particular are guilty in this respect and not only read little of their great classics, but also know little about them. Prof. Professor Pletnev, before speaking about the founders of Russian clinical medicine, gives a brief sketch of the state of medical thought in Europe in the 50s, when ideas of Virchow and Сl. Веrnаrd dominated there.
To the pathology of scurvy
Authors: Kaufman S. V.
Published: September 2021

Scurvy has been described as early as the fifteenth century, since the beginning of great sea voyages. Many authors, such as Lind, Kraus, and Immerman, devoted whole works to it. In particular, Immerman gives a most detailed description of this disease, trying to establish the etiology (he considers the cause of scurvy potassium deficiency), its pathology, and treatment. In recent literature we meet again and again the question of scurvy. The dark etiology of the disease has especially attracted attention. However, there is still no unanimous opinion about it: some (Verjuzhsky) incline to the fact that scurvy is an infectious disease, and try, though without success, to find its specific causative agent; others (Efimov) consider the cause of scurvy to be intoxication; still others (Shibkov, Pisunov) state that scurvy is the result of unfavorable sanitary conditions.
To the thyroid syphilis clinic
Authors: Rossiyskiy D. M.
Published: September 2021

Syphilitic lesions of the endocrine glands are relatively common. Being a common blood disease, syphilis, affecting various organs and systems, should also affect the endocrine system, which is richly supplied with blood vessels; when infected with syphilis, some of the endocrine glands increase in volume and swell simultaneously with the lymph glands, and they often contain a large number of spirochetes.
To the surgery of tumors of the pleural cavity
Authors: Vakulenko M. V.
Published: September 2021

Tumors of the pleural space are rare. First, I will give my case.Teacher A. A. S-skaya, 41, was admitted to the Ufa provincial hospital on September 3 and was discharged on October 11, 1928.
Determination of streptococci in blood in sepsis. Verger (Deut. med. Woch., 1924, No. 20)
Authors: Sergeev V.
Published: September 2021

In almost all cases of chronic sepsis, it was possible to prove the presence of streptococci in the blood by the following method: 5-10 cc of blood is collected in a sterile test tube, waiting for the blood to clot, after which the serum is drained, and the blood clot is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 cc. 10% horse serum broth. The flask is placed in the thermostat for 4 to 6 days, with a few drops taken from the bottom with a sterile capillary pipette every 24 h and transferred to the blood agar plate.
To the technique of cataract extraction. Derby (on ref. in Zen. f. d. ges. Ophth. 1/1 1924)
Authors: Adamyuk V.
Published: September 2021

The author sees a great step forward and the technique of cataract extraction surgery in weakening the action of m. orbicularis by procain injections.
Duration of menses and fetal weight. Szenes and Mondré (Zentr. f. Gyn., 1924, no. 39)
Authors: Sergeev V.
Published: September 2021

On a large material the authors confirmed the observation, made as early as 1882 by Cuzzi, that the longer a woman's period lasts, the greater is the weight and length of the children she gives birth to.
D. A. Entin. Experiments with reconstruction of the facial skeleton (a new method of direct prosthetics in resection of the upper jaw). With Prof. S.S. Girgolav, Military Medical Academy., Gos. Izd., 1924, 158 pp., 16 figures and 1 drawing
Authors: Glushkov P.
Published: September 2021

On the one hand, Entin aimed to simplify the technique of making direct prostheses for the operation, making it accessible to an ordinary dental technician, and on the other hand, to construct a prosthesis that would meet the principle of exact morphological and anatomical-topographic individualization in each individual case. In pursuit of both these objectives, he developed a prosthesis in a soft, elastic material and made it inflatable and pneumatic according to Schiltski's idea.
Ukrainian Polesie as a focus of scleroma
Authors: Zaritsky L. A.
Published: September 2021

In 1911 prof. Volkovich reported 128 cases of scleroma, recorded at different times in b. Russia. Of these, 27 (21 %) cases were from the Ukrainian Polesie (former okrugs - Volynskiy, Korostenskiy, Shepetovskiy and part of the former Volyn province, now occupied by Poland). Thus, already 20 years ago in Polesie there was a nested spread of scleroma, while in the rest of Russia (USSR) isolated cases were observed, and even those were almost all from ethnographic Ukraine. For 15 years (1911-1926) Kordatova collected statistical data on 150 6, of which 8 from the Ukr. Polesie. Kalina (Odessa) notes 3 cases from here.
Effect of fallopian tube ligation on tubal patency
Authors: Meshcherov X. X.
Published: September 2021

Among the methods of surgical sterilization of women, ligation of the fallopian tubes is one of the oldest. First used by Lungren in 1880 in a woman with a narrow pelvis, this method, due to its lightness, speed and absence of significant trauma, attracted the attention of gynecologists and quickly found a wide range of applications. Soon, however, reports began to appear in the literature about the unreliability of this sterilization method (Fritsch, Arendt, Nrnberger, Pisemsky, etc.).
Phimosis after circumcision
Authors: Varsobin V. I.
Published: September 2021

In the surgical department of the Okhlebininskaya hospital on March 26, 30, a boy of 5 years was sent from the outpatient clinic. Tatar, without a definite diagnosis - "Cystic-altered penis?"
Vitamin nutrition and bone fracture healing. Publication of the Lower Volga Regional Council of Osoaviakhim. Saratov, 1931, p. 90
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Rational nutrition of a healthy and sick person is an important state problem. Its importance is especially great in our USSR in the preventive direction of Soviet health care. This book examines in detail the question of the importance of a balanced diet during the process of treating bone wounds.
On the question of a closed, method of surgical treatment of acute empyema. G. Dardel (Zntralbl. F. Chir., 1929, No. 24)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

G. Dardel (Zntralbl. F., 1929, No. 24), on the basis of extensive clinical experience, recommends the treatment of acute empyema by resection of the rib with aspiration using communicating bottles according to Perthes-Iselin.
Intracisternal serum tetanus treatment. A. Lehrnbecher (Zentrbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 15)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

A. Lehrnbecher (Zentrbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 15) describes a severe case of tetanus delivered on day 9 of the incubation period and cured by injections into serum tanks (1660 AE) under avertin anesthesia. Lwen, Hass and the author attach importance to avertin in the treatment of tetanus.
Blood serum cholesterol and surgical diagnostics. Rr Imre Lang (Arch. Klin. Chirurg. Bd. 161. H. 3)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Rr Imre Lang (Arch. Klin. Chirurg. Bd. 161. H. 3) on the 300th with diseases of the abdominal cavity tried to determine the value of blood serum cholesterol as a symptom of surgery. suffering.
On the question of finding spir. pallida in the organs of mice infected with syphilis. Jahnel u. Prigge (D.m.W. No. 17, 1929)
Authors: Dmitriev A.
Published: September 2021

Jahnel u. Prigge (D.m.W. No. 17, 1929), infecting mice intraperitoneally with strains Nichols, Truffi and Mulzev'a, were subsequently subjected to histological examination of tissues of various organs in order to detect the spirochete.
The effect of acidic and alkaline food on bone regeneration in case of bone fracture. Dr.Mandgui prof. H. Boeminghaus (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161 H. 1/2)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Dr.Mandgu and prof. H. Boeminghaus (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161 H. 1/2) performed experiments on rabbits regarding the effect of acidic and alkaline food on bone regeneration during its fracture.
Questions and answers. Volume 25, No. 10 (1929)
Authors: Chukalov N. N.
Published: September 2021

1) Is it possible to artificially induce blood in a woman in menopause? Is it possible to combine pregnancy in the presence of a tumor (fibroma) of the uterus, which is large, taking into account the age (45 years). And how can the presence of blood, caused artificially in this case, be explained?
To the recognition and treatment of sigmoid inclusions
intestines
Authors: Breitman M. G.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the issue of volvulus of the sigmoid colon has received a lot of attention at surgical congresses, at meetings of surgical societies, and on the pages of surgical journals. In defense of this or that method of treating this suffering, statistical data, immediate and long-term results, pathological and anatomical justifications are given. However, there seems to be no complete agreement on this issue among surgeons. We do not think on the basis of our small material to draw any generalizing conclusions, but nevertheless several cases operated on and under our supervision over the last 4 years (1926-1930) give us a small right to share our results.
On the issue of subcutaneous use of pilocarpine in postoperative urinary retention
Authors: Belitz O.
Published: September 2021

Postoperative, as well as postpartum ischuria is a very unpleasant complication, since all commonly used means are heat to the bladder, instillation of 10% boric glycerin into the bladder (Corbineau method), liq. kalii acetici per os, injections of 1.0-2.0 25% magnesiae sulfur, under the skin (Voytashevsky method), intravenous injections of 5.0-10.0 40% urotropin (according to V o g t'y) - often give refusal or induce urination after many hours and thus force the use of a catheter. As for catheterization, this method is recognized as fraught with complications and should be used, according to Dieterichs, only as an ultimum refugium.
On unconditioned and conditioned secretory activity during hypnosis in children
Authors: Nevsky I. M. , Levin S. L.
Published: September 2021

At present, the essence of the so-called hypnosis has been sufficiently revealed by the brilliant works of Acad. Pavlov and his staff, and in particular the school of prof. Krasnogorsky, who studied these phenomena in children.
Prospects for the 2nd Five-Year Socialist Healthcare Plan in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Alufa I. S. , Laptev N. A.
Published: September 2021

Successful fulfillment of the 1st five-year plan, which prepared the industrial base for the further gigantic expansion of industry, the Bolshevik pace of construction, the country's enormous energy and raw materials reserves, which provide inexhaustible resources for its development, the collectivization of agriculture, the growing activity and consciousness of the masses, transforming labor for the proletariat into a matter of valor and heroism create the preconditions for building a classless society in the second five-year plan.
Letter No. 2. Volume 25, No. 10 (1929)
Authors: Lozinsky A. A.
Published: September 2021

Unable to respond to the numerous telegrams and letters that I have treated and continue to receive on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of my medical practice, I ask you not to refuse to print in your esteemed Journal an expression of my deep gratitude to all institutions, medical societies and individuals who have honored me as their own. greetings. This unexpected attention of my comrades gives me new strength to continue the work to which the best years of my life have been devoted.
Biological determination of low concentrations of arsenic in exhaled air
Authors: Pleshchitser A. Ya. , Preobrazhensky A. A.
Published: September 2021

In the report of Dr. Obukh and the Central Institute for Labor Protection on the state of health of the workers of the arsenic workshop, it was emphasized that the organization of studies of exhaled air for arsenic a few hours after the end of the work is of great interest and that given the exhalation of arsenic by the lungs, taking into account its enormous surface, it is possible it would be to get a more complete picture of the balance of receipts and outputs of As from these workers.
Apple diet in the treatment of diarrhea in children
Authors: Menshikov V. K.
Published: September 2021

Diet therapy of diarrhea in children in some cases is an extremely difficult task. Knowing the etiological moment, pathogenesis, constitutional properties and condition of the child, we still, especially with chronic diarrhea in children, can not always easily achieve the desired success, and we have to find more and more new ways and means in the fight against the disease.
Functional state of motor units of skeletal muscles in chronic diseases of motoneurons and their axones
Authors: Kasatkina L. F.
Published: September 2021

Electromyographic examination of the potentials of motor units in 498 patients with different forms of peripheral motor neuron pathology allowed to distinguish electromyographic criteria of estimation of the denervationreinnervation processes. Determination of phases of full, partial compensation and of decompensation phase may be used for examination of pathogenesis of neuromuscular diseases, their diagnosis and assessment of their progress.
Regional ozonotherapy of vertebrogenic pain syndromes in lumbosacral localizations
Authors: Kotov S. A.
Published: September 2021

In 47 patients а traditional analgetic therapy has been added to injection of ozon-oxygen mixture into paravertebral, biologically active, "trigger" points, and also with small autohemotherapy of ozonized blood. In the main group more reliable rates of pain regress were registered, as well as less percentage of patients resistant to the therapy as compared with ones in the control group. Levelling of muscular-tonic and neurodystrophic phenomena was more expressed at reflex vertebral and extravertebral syndromes, and it was accompanied by positive shifts concerning bioelectrical muscle activity, reflex activity normalization of -motorneurons, decrease of temperature asymmetry of legs.
Genetic defects in ion channels and neurological diseases in clinical, genetic and physiological aspects
Authors: Zefirov A. L. , Bogdanov E. I. , Zabbarova A. T. , Mukhamedyarov M. A.
Published: September 2021

Since the 90s, mutations in genes encoding ion channel proteins have been described. These mutations are responsible for the development of a number of neurological diseases called canalopathies (CP) [30, 36]. It is of interest to study the clinical features of hereditary neurological diseases, the pathogenesis of which are genetic defects in ion channels, from a single angle of view, as well as an attempt to analyze the probable physiological processes underlying these diseases. This approach may be important for a new systematization of these diseases, usually belonging to different groups, and for the development of a modern strategy for their therapy.
Intracranial arterial aneurysms
Authors: Martynenko S. I. , Danilov V. I. , Ismagilov M. F.
Published: September 2021

Arterial aneurysms (AA) are protrusions of a pathologically altered artery wall in a limited area. Intracranial aneurysms are divided into three morphological types: 1) saccular - protrusion of the vessel wall looks like a small bag with a more or less formed neck; 2) fusiform - protrusion occurs throughout a certain segment of the vessel without the formation of a neck; 3) exfoliating - a false lumen is formed in the wall of the artery along some of its length, along which blood rushes.
Episodic vertigo related to migraine (90 cases): vestibular migraine? (J. neurol. 1999; oct. 246; 883-892.)
Authors: Dieterich M. , Brandt T.
Published: September 2021

A retrospective study of 90 patients with episodic dizziness occurring during a migraine attack was carried out.
Viewing vertebral arteries by duplex scan: what to expect
Authors: Salaschek М.
Published: September 2021

In vertebral arteries (v.a) most stenoses occur at their origins. Ultrasound studies with a 7,5 MHz sector duplex-probe are able to reveal the origins in 63 68% of the right, in 4362% of the left vertebral arteries (men omen), whereas the prevertebral and the intertrans versal parts C5/6C3/4 are visualized in 7090%. The mean cumulative lumen of both v.a. increases by age from 6,0 mm (age30) to 7,9 mm (age80) with a clear predominance of the left v.a. in 33%, of the right v.a. in 17%. Hypoplasia of one or both v.a. is present in 5,2%. In a sample of 1131 patients pathological findings occuredin 11% of the vertebral arteries (stenoses or occlusions, steal phenomena) and in 16% of the carotid arteries (stenoses 50% occlusions). In 42% of the cases with infarctions in the vertebro-basilar-supplied territories pathological duplex-findings were present, similary in 20% of infarctions in the carotid supplied territories, and in 15% of vertigo, but also in 62% of patients with peripheral vascular disease without, neurological signs or symptoms versus only in 3% of control-patients of similar age with out neurological or peripheral vascular disease.
Quasimiastenic presynaptic-polyneuropathic diseases (on some elements of the classification of polyneuropathies)
Authors: Popelyansky Ya. Yu.
Published: September 2021

The WHO classification of polyradiculoneuropathies and polyradiculopeuritis is based on the criteria of etiological (genetic and acquired) and morphological (axon and myelopathy). Radicular lesions (subarachnoid and epidural), ganglioradicular, funicular, plexus and neural lesions are distinguished along the length of the nerve.
Mulleneisen В. Stressensyndrom /Übersetzung aus Deutsche F.L. Ratner, E. V.Novak. —Kasan: Verlag der Kasaner Universitаt, 1993. —136 S.
Authors: Popov L. М. , Ismagilov М. F.
Published: September 2021

In the work of the German professor B. Mlleneisen from Munich (Germany) "Stress Syndrome", published by the Kazan University Publishing House in 1993, a detailed understanding of the biological and physiological foundations of stress, the role of stress in human life and its harmful consequences, are outlined. them and ways to prevent stress-related disorders.
On the centenary of the birth of the outstanding Kazan neurohistologist N.G. Kolosov
Authors: Shvalev V. N.
Published: September 2021

April 1997 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Grigorievich Kolosov, a remarkable representative of the Kazan neurohistological school, who made a major contribution to the theory of the autonomic nervous system.
Acupuncture as an integral part of traditional (folk) medicine: achievements and problems
Authors: Ivanichev G. A.
Published: September 2021

Traditional medicine is an ancient area of human knowledge. Born at the dawn of mankind as a natural way of knowing the world around us, the initial, pre-scientific ideas about a person, about his health and diseases, and methods of treatment have changed many times over the centuries, both in essence and in form.
Collapse of syringomyelitic cavities as a compensatory mechanism of syringomyelia course
Authors: Mendelevich E. G. , Bogdanov E. I. , Ibatullin M. M.
Published: September 2021

The results of examination of 72 patients with clinical picture of syringomyelia using MRT are revealed. Images of spinal cord in sagittal and axial planes have been obtained. Deformity of cavity found in axial sections of 26 patients was considered as its spontaneous collapse.

When interpreting MRT picture drain communication between the cavity and subarachnoid space of spinal cord in 10 patients was supposed. Relation between the cavity diameter and duration of illness was determined. A decrease of cavity diameter during the long course of illness may be related to the cavity collapse, which is one of the possible compensatory mechanisms of syringomyelia course.
Organic psychic disorder and aggressiveness: some possibilities of clinical and experimental assessment
Authors: Tabeyeva D. M. , Vandish V. V.
Published: September 2021

A comparative complex clinical and experimental study of the state of vegetative nervous system in patients with organic psychic disorder having committed aggressive criminal acts and those who kept away from them is conducted. Based on the obtained results the possibilities of use of indices of destabilization of cerebral mechanisms of vegetative balance control are proved.
The state of emergency care for patients with acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Ismagilov M. F.
Published: September 2021

At the turn of the second and third millennia, one of the main health problems was acute cerebrovascular accident - cerebral stroke (CS), which is the second leading cause of death in the industrially developed countries of the world and the main cause of disability in the adult population of the most working age. The social costs associated with the cost of treating stroke patients are a major source of depletion of scarce health resources in every country.
Information on familial cases of syringomyelia, basilar impression, and Chiari malformation
Authors: Krupina N. E.
Published: September 2021

The presence of familial cases of syringomyelia, basilar impression (intussusception) and Chiari malformation (MC) indicates the role of heredity in the occurrence of these diseases. Studies by a number of authors [32, 44] show that the primary pathology in this case is bone anomalies of the craniovertebral region (CVR), which contribute to the formation of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) of reduced volume. As a result of this, the caudal parts of the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata descend through the foramen magnum (foramen magnum), i.e. formation of type I MC. In the presence of bone anomalies of KVO and MV type I, in some cases, a violation of CSF dynamics can occur at the level of the BVO, which will lead to the development and progression of syringomyelia. CVD abnormalities are, in turn, the result of defective development of the cartilaginous tissue of the bones of the skull and adjacent parts of the spine during the first weeks of embryonic development [34, 43]. Such dysembryogenesis may be due to dysfunction of genes that control the formation of the fifth occipital somite in the human body [49]. Literature data on familial cases of syringomyelia, basilar impression and MC confirm their common heredity basis.
To the 120th anniversary of the birth of L.I. Omorokov (1881-2001)
Authors: Ismagilov M. F. , Popelyansky Ya. Yu.
Published: September 2021

2001 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth and 30th anniversary of the death of the outstanding Russian neurologist Leonid Ivanovich Omorokov.
Guillain-Barre syndrome: perspectives with infants and children
Authors: Jones H.
Published: September 2021

Acute flaccid paraparesis or ascending tetraparesis in children (including infants) is a serious neurological problem in emergency pediatrics.
Information evaluation of brain imaging methods in posttraumatic epilepsy
Authors: Makarov A. J. , Kholin А. V. , Sadykov Е. А.
Published: September 2021

There given the results of brain imaging methods (CT and MRT) in posttraumatic epilepsy. On the background of complex investigation (EEG, CT and MRT) it was shown that imaging methods significantly replenish information on localization and character of focus, especially in heavy craniocerebral injury, the MRT method being more informative. Changes, reflected by CT are revealed in 68% of patients (32% focal), while changes by MRT in 64% of patients (52% focal). To achieve optimal results it is necessary to complexly use EEG and imaging methods, for it is important for making a prognosis, improving conservative and surgical treatment of patients.
On neuroimmune mechanisms of pathogenesis of epileptic paroxisms in children
Authors: Guzeva V. I.
Published: September 2021

Results of immunological investigation of antibody level to galactocerebrosides in children with paroxismal disturbances of consciousness of different severity and in children of control group, as well as in mothers of the ill and healthy children are presented. It has been determined that level of antibodies related to galactocerebrosides correlates with the severity of the course of epileptic paroxisms in children. In all children with nonepileptic paroxysms titers of antibodies related to galactocerebrosides coincide with age-dependent estimated data. Titers of antibodies related to galactocerebrosides of diagnostic value are absent in all the women whose children suffer from nonepileptic as well as benign epileptic paroxysms. The obtained results in conjunction with clinical biochemical findings allow to carry out early diagnosis of severe forms of epileptic paroxisms in children, to prognose the course of disease and promote to timely administration of pathogenetic treatment.
Peculiarties of catecholamines exchange in children with febrile convulsions
Authors: Guzeva V. I. , Kovelenova М. V. , Sharf М. Y.
Published: September 2021

Excretion of catecholamines indiumal urine of 75 children with febrile convulsionns has been studied. It has been revealed that functional state of sympathetic adrenal system in children with febrile convulsions is characterized by a number of peculiarities. They include an increase of adrenaline and norepinephrine. In the case of transformation of febrile into afebrile seizures additional increase of dopamine excretion is observed. Thats why hypersecretion of the three mentioned amines is estimated as prognostically unfavourable factor of the course of febrile convulsions. According to our findings, progression of seizures in sleeping state is also prognostically unfavourable symptom of the course of febrile seizures. The obtained biochemical ringings together with clinical information can serve as prognostic criteria in solving the problem of variations of the course of febrile convulsions.
Differential diagnosis of hypokinetic disorders in hereditary neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Saikova L. A. , Kosachev V. D. , Pustozerov V. G. , Alekseeva Т. M. , Vasilyeva Т. N. , Zavolokov I. G.
Published: September 2021

For determination criteria of differential diagnosis analysis of clinical manifestations and indices of additional research methods (EMG, ENMY, biochemical, histomorphological) of paroxysmal hypokinetic conditions in myoplegia, myopathic syndromes, glycogenosis and Mc Ardl syndrome in polymyositis, Eulenburg-Lewandowsky paramyotoxia, remittent form of neural amyotrophy, some forms of congenital myopathies was carried out.
Dynamic study of autoantibodies to glutamate receptors of NMDA-type in blood of patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic insult
Authors: Skoromets A. A. , Ilyukhina А. Y. , Dambinova S. А.
Published: September 2021

Results of dynamic study of level of antibodies to NMDA- receptors in blood serum of patients at different moments of acute period of disturbance of cerebral circulation of ischemic and hemorrhagic tipe are generalized in the given work. A total of 48 patients of 3266 years of age with acute disturbance of cerebral circulation, 29 of which with acute cerebral ischemic and 19 with acute hemorrhage has been examined. The trends has been identified in changes of the level of antibodies to receptors at different phases of acute period of ischemic insult and acute cerebral hemorrhage. The results can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of the course of different types of acute disturbance of cerebral circulation.
Forecasting the risk of lesion of cerebral circulation in newborn, whose mothers suffered the threat of abortion
Authors: Dyakonova Е. N.
Published: September 2021

Examination of 120 women and their newborn showed direct dependence of risk of birth of a child with cerebral circulation lesion on a mothers risk of abortion at early term of pregnancy. Specially developed criteria of forecasting allow to prevent cerebral circulation lesions in children by correcting deviations of homeostasis in women in the third tremester of pregnancy.
Motor rehabilitation for spinal pathology
Authors: Guseva М. E.
Published: September 2021

One of the urgent and difficult problems of modern vertebral neurology is the treatment of neurological complications in osteochondrosis of the spine. This pathology accounts for 70-80 cases out of 100 temporary or long-term disability among all diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
Perspectives on Clustering and Declustering of Earthquakes
Authors: Zaliapin Ilya , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: September 2021

Clustering is a fundamental feature of earthquakes that impacts basic and applied analyses of seismicity. Events included in the existing short-duration instrumental catalogs are concentrated strongly within a very small fraction of the space–time volume, which is highly amplified by activity associated with the largest recorded events. The earthquakes that are included in instrumental catalogs are unlikely to be fully representative of the long-term behavior of regional seismicity. We illustrate this and other aspects of space–time earthquake clustering, and propose a quantitative clustering measure based on the receiver operating characteristic diagram. The proposed approach allows eliminating effects of marginal space and time inhomogeneities related to the geometry of the fault network and regionwide changes in earthquake rates, and quantifying coupled space–time variations that include aftershocks, swarms, and other forms of clusters. The proposed measure is used to quantify and compare earthquake clustering in southern California, western United States, central and eastern United States, Alaska, Japan, and epidemic-type aftershock sequence model results. All examined cases show a high degree of coupled space–time clustering, with the marginal space clustering dominating the marginal time clustering. Declustering earthquake catalogs can help clarify long-term aspects of regional seismicity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of effects that are subtler than the strong clustering signatures. We illustrate how the high coupled space–time clustering can be decreased or removed using a data-adaptive parsimonious nearest-neighbor declustering approach, and emphasize basic unresolved issues on the proper outcome and quality metrics of declustering. At present, declustering remains an exploratory tool, rather than a rigorous optimization problem, and selecting an appropriate declustering method should depend on the data and problem at hand.
Study of the attenuation and azimuthal dependence of seismic-wave propagation in the southeastern United States
Authors: Jones F. B. , Long L. T. , McKee J. H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The Lg phases on seismograms of earthquakes which have occurred and were recorded in the southeastern United States are used to define the Lg phase amplitude of a zero-magnitude event as a function of distance in the range of 150 to 850 km. A segmented zero-magnitude function is fitted in the least-squares sense to the logarithm of the Lg phase amplitudes following the method of Richter. The resulting zero-magnitude function exhibits a nonuniform decrease with distance which includes zones of slight amplification at multiples of 200 to 250 km. The northeast regional strike of the geologic structures is observed to correlate with increases in the efficiency of propagation of the Lg phase. However, when the data are analyzed for azimuthal dependence within distinct regions, this correlation is observed only for waves propagating through the Folded Appalachians. Propagation in the Coastal Plain is most efficient in a direction perpendicular to the trend of the Folded Appalachians. Also, the Piedmont Province propagation is only slightly more efficient perpendicular to the trend of the Folded Appalachians.
The structure of the outer core from SKS amplitudes and travel times
Authors: Kind R. , Müller G.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Worldwide long-period observations of five deep-focus earthquakes from the Tonga-Fiji region have been studied. Observed amplitude ratios SKS/SKKS and difference travel times of SKS and SKKS have been compared with theoretical values for conventional core models. The correction of observed discrepancies leads to a new model of the outer core with a zone of increased velocities around 3750-km depth. In spite of extensive search for other, significantly different models explaining the observations, none has been found. Our model implies pronounced chemical inhomogeneity of the outer core.
Ground-response maps for Tonopah, Nevada
Authors: Hays Walter W.
Published: September 2021

Ground-response maps for Tonopah, Nevada, were prepared using ground-motion data from a Nevada Test Site explosion recorded on a 12-station seismic array in Tonopah. These data were used to define 10 frequency-dependent ground-response maps for the period range 0.05 to 2.5 sec. These data were combined with the probabilistic calculation of earthquake ground accelerations on rock sites in the Tonopah area, made in a 1976 study by S. T. Algermissen and D. M. Perkins, in order to give estimates of the ground shaking expected throughout the city in a 50-yr period of time, at the 90 per cent probability level. Although these relative ground-response estimates are based on low-strain data, they provide a preliminary basis for delineating geographic areas with different susceptibilities to earthquake ground shaking until the time that high-strain earthquake ground-motion measurements become available in Tonopah.
Reflection and refraction of SH waves in presence of slip and friction
Authors: Chez Eugene L. , Dundurs J. , Comninou Maria
Published: September 2021

abstract

The reflection of elastic waves is customarily treated by assuming that the interface neither separates nor slips. This paper considers the reflection of SH waves that are strong enough to break friction between two solids which are pressed together, so that localized slip takes place. It is also assumed that the solids are sheared, which enhances slip in one direction and leads to a global sliding motion. The problem might at first appear as forbidding because of the mixed boundary conditions and the inequalities involved. It is discovered, however, that it can be solved in closed form for angles of incidence that avoid total reflection. The global sliding velocity, the sizes of the slip zones, and the rate at which mechanical energy is dissipated are displayed in terms of the independent variables involving the amplitude of the incident waves, and the applied pressure and shearing tractions.
The foreshock activity of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, California
Authors: Ishida Mizuho , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2021

abstract

All of the earthquakes which occurred in the epicentral area of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake during the period from 1960 to 1970 were relocated by using the master-event method. Five events from 1969 to 1970 are located within a small area around the main shock epicenter. This cluster of activity is clearly separated spatially from the activity in the surrounding area, so these five events are considered foreshocks. The wave forms of these foreshocks recorded at Pasadena are, without exception, very complex, yet they are remarkably similar from event to event. The events which occurred in the same area prior to 1969 have less complex wave forms with a greater variation among them. The complexity is most likely the effect of the propagation path. A well located aftershock which occurred in the immediate vicinity of the main shock of the San Fernando earthquake has a wave form similar to that of the foreshocks, which suggests that the foreshocks are also located very close to the main shock. This complexity is probably caused by a structural heterogeneity in the fault zone near the hypocenter. The seismic rays from the foreshocks in the inferred heterogeneous zone are interpreted as multiple-reflected near the source region which yielded the complex wave form. The mechanisms of the five foreshocks are similar to each other but different from either the main shock or the aftershocks, suggesting that the foreshocks originated from a small area of stress concentration where the stress field is locally distorted from the regional field. The number of small events with S-P times between 3.8 to 6 sec recorded at Mt. Wilson each month suggests only a slight increase in activity of small earthquakes near the epicentral area during the 2-month period immediately before the main shock. However, because of our inability to locate these events, the evidence is not definitive. Since the change in the wave forms is definite the present result suggests that detailed analyses of wave forms, spectra, and mechanism can provide a powerful diagnostic method for identifying a foreshock sequence.
Recent seismicity in the San Fernando region and tectonics in the west-central transverse ranges, California
Authors: Hadley David , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2021

abstract

Since the San Fernando earthquake, February 1971, the density of the southern California seismic array has increased by an order of magnitude. The enhanced coverage provides an ideal setting for the study of the long-term seismicity of the San Fernando aftershock zone and adjacent regions. Most of the recent activity within the San Fernando zone has been thrust faulting at depths shallower than and south of the main shock. One event located slightly deeper than and several kilometers north of the main event suggests shear along a flat plane. Transport of the upper block is south. This event is very similar to another deep, ML = 4.5, earthquake 30 km west of San Fernando. If these events are typical of midcrustal deformation, the west-central Transverse Ranges may be a form of decollement. A rapid increase in seismicity (ML ≧ 3.0) in the region south of San Fernando suggests an increase in regional strain that either was contemporaneous with or immediately followed the San Fernando earthquake.
Стратегическая эмпатия в мировой политике: можно ли одолеть Расёмон-эффект и фундаментальную ошибку атрибуции?
Authors: Чугров Сергей
Published: September 2021

Политико-психологические факторы, в частности Расёмон-эффект (множественность параллельных “истинных” версий) и фундаментальная ошибка атрибуции помогают более полно описать механизм возникновения внутриполитических и международных конфликтов различной интенсивности в усложняющемся мире. Они же во многом вскрывают анатомию турбулентных глобальных процессов, сформировавших на массовом уровне предощущение апокалиптических катастроф, которое к тому же подогревается пропагандой. Фундаментальная ошибка атрибуции выражается в том, что многие политики и журналисты склонны переоценивать позитивные характеристики “мы-группы” (своей страны) и игнорировать ситуационные факторы при оценке поведения “других”, “они-групп”. Из-за фундаментальной ошибки атрибуции политики и медиасфера оценивают действия противной стороны как негативные поступки и игнорируют ситуационные факторы, которые могли бы сыграть свою роль. Это типичный источник “альтернативной правды” в средствах массовой информации, необъективных суждений и недопонимания, способных вызвать обострение международных отношений. Можно утверждать, что ошибки атрибуции питают националистические чувства, хотя психологические механизмы этого процесса изучены пока плохо. В качестве метода преодоления психологических механизмов искажения реальности автор предлагает более широкое использование инструментария стратегической эмпатии.
Дональд Трамп и “новый популизм” в Америке
Authors: Шаклеина Татьяна
Published: September 2021

Появление Дональда Трампа в политической жизни США стало неожиданностью для правящей элиты, хотя такой исход выборов был предсказуем в условиях нарастания противоречий и нерешенных проблем в американском обществе. Правящая элита, большинство экспертов и представителей СМИ уже в 2016 г. начали антитрамповскую кампанию, которая переросла в политическую войну. Ее пиком стали слушания по импичменту президента в Палате представителей в ноябре 2019 г. Вторая попытка навсегда исключить Д. Трампа из большой политики была предпринята в 2021 г., когда он покинул Белый дом. Авторы коллективной монографии “Феномен Трампа” (под ред. чл.-корр. РАН А.В. Кузнецова. М.: ИНИОН, 2020. 642 с.) проанализировали это явление в рамках масштабного междисциплинарного проекта. Ведущие российские специалисты по Соединенным Штатам и проблемам международных отношений представили всесторонний анализ политики США на основе системного подхода, уделив особое внимание фактору исторической преемственности. В объемном труде (7 разделов, 37 тематических глав) представлен анализ общественно-политических сдвигов в американском обществе, которые способствовали избранию Трампа, и волны “нового популизма”, имеющего специфические черты в Америке; проанализированы отдельные аспекты политической культуры, позиции США в мире, внутренняя и внешняя политика администрации Трампа. В связи с избранием Трампа и деятельностью его администрации в ходе дискуссий в американских и российских экспертных и политических кругах задавалось немало вопросов: “Почему стало возможным избрание несистемного кандидата и почему его поддержала практически половина американского общества?”, “Почему это вызывает такую острую и непримиримую реакцию американской либеральной правящей элиты?”, “Что можно ожидать в будущем, и как это скажется на международной деятельности США и политике в отношении России?” Ответы на эти вопросы можно найти на страницах монографии.
Quantum Computing in High Frequency Trading and Fraud Detection
Authors:   Adobe Systems, Ganapathy Apoorva
Published: September 2021

Quantum Computing in high-frequency trading and fraud detection is an analysis of quantum computing and how it can be used by the different industries especially finance. It is an evolution of computing from the traditional computing method. Quantum computing is a process that is concentrated on creating systems and technology based on quantum theory rules. Quantum theory describes the energy on atomic and subatomic levels. Quantum computing uses quantum bits (qubits) which are more advanced than the traditional bits used by traditional computers. This article focuses on deploying quantum computers in solving problems that cannot be efficiently solved using traditional computers. In the finance sector, such as banking, insurance, and high-frequency trading, quantum computers can help optimize service by providing targeting and predictive analytics to reduce risk, provide personalized customer service, and provide the needed security framework against fraud.