bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Papel da escola no ensino de valores políticos, éticos e estéticos para crianças na educação infantil
Authors: Santos Maria Souza dos , Santos Andreia Mendes dos
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo é analisado o papel desempenhado pela instituição de educação infantil na promoção de valores políticos, éticos e estéticos, conforme preconizado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (Brasil, 2010), tendo como base as contribuições de autores como Savater (2012), Díez Navarro (2004), Pérez Esclarín (2001), entre outros. O artigo enfatiza a importância de uma educação integral que transcenda a simples transmissão de conhecimentos técnico-científicos, difundindo valores essenciais para a convivência em sociedade. A metodologia adotada segue uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de um levantamento do estado do conhecimento, realizando busca por teses e dissertações relacionadas ao tema produzidas no Brasil e disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), referentes ao período entre 2018 e 2023. A análise é realizada sob a perspectiva da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011), identificando e examinando pesquisas relevantes que destacam a necessidade de integrar tais valores no currículo educacional, visando estimular o desenvolvimento pessoal e social das crianças desde os primeiros anos de vida. Os resultados obtidos revelam que ainda há um longo percurso a ser trilhado no que se refere ao ensino de valores na educação infantil.
O papel da escola no desenvolvimento de identidade vocacional dos alunos: caso da Escola Secundária Geral de Muchenga
Authors: Bonnet Roberto Carlos Alberto de Sa' e , Muzawanga Miguel Francisco Eduardo , Gomundanhe Almeida Meque
Published: December 2024

A presente pesquisa analisa o papel da escola no desenvolvimento da identidade vocacional dos alunos na Escola Secundária Geral de Muchenga, considerando a necessidade de apoio ao desenvolvimento vocacional de adolescentes e jovens em busca de auto-afirmação. O estudo visa identificar acções concretas realizadas pela escola para promover essa identidade, descrever essas acções e sugerir estratégias para fortalecer o processo de desenvolvimento vocacional dos alunos. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com abordagem bibliográfica e documental, e envolveu entrevistas com 30 alunos do segundo ciclo e 6 professores, incluindo membros da direcção. Os resultados indicam que pouco tem sido feito para desenvolver a identidade vocacional dos jovens, o que pode levar a desilusões na escolha profissional e ao baixo desempenho profissional. Baseado nesses achados, sugere-se que a escola promova palestras, actividades lúdicas e teatro, além de parcerias com instituições de ensino superior em Psicologia e com o Ministério da Educação, para disponibilização de profissionais especializados em orientação vocacional para auxiliar os alunos.
Liquidity and profitability’s effect on the environmental, social, and governance scores of S&P 500 companies
Authors: Tan Xin , Tuluca Sorin A.
Published: December 2024

The relationship between financial performance and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics in businesses has garnered significant interest in recent years. Unlike most previous research that primarily examines the impact of ESG initiatives on a firm’s financial performance (Whelan et al., 2022), this paper explores how financial liquidity and profitability influence ESG performance. We hypothesize that profitable firms are more likely to invest in ESG initiatives. We collect financial and ESG data of S&P 500 companies from Bloomberg. Using principal component analysis (PCA) to mitigate multicollinearity, the study identifies the main principal components representing various associations of liquidity and profitability metrics. Linear regression analysis is conducted with the identified principal components as the independent variables and ESG scores as the dependent variables. The analysis reveals that profitability positively affects ESG scores, while liquidity has a negative impact. The findings suggest that our hypothesis — that profitable companies are more likely to invest in ESG initiatives — is confirmed, whereas high liquidity may indicate underinvestment in such activities. This research contributes a fresh perspective to the empirical evidence in the existing literature (Friede et al., 2015; Hang et al., 2019; Whelan et al., 2022) on the relationship between financial and ESG performance.
Living Lines of the Barely Noticeable
Authors: Linde Ex
Published: December 2024

Living Lines of the Barely Noticeable is a long-term artistic research project aiming to develop distinct artistic approaches to relate to and interact with flying insects and provide the artistic research with a theoretical and practical context by reflecting on relationships and connections with the more-than-human world that occurred within the research.

The research aimed to explore ways and manners, that can contribute to more meaningful relationships with a more-than-human entity. This resulted firstly in approaches that explored ways to relate to flying insects: reflective attempts studying glimpses and tatters of ‘insectness’ and the circumstances that shaped the way we related to each other. Secondly, I developed approaches that explored manners of being close to (or intimate with) flying insects. These approaches involved more active, hands-on experiments and attempts to interact with flying insects.

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Diary Notes of a Curator-in-Residence
Authors: Rossana Mendes Fonseca
Published: December 2024

Under the theme "Deviations", we will seek to create an exposition that narrates the immersive experience in Split's creative community and the curatorial process of a collective exhibition that integrates our artistic background from Porto with the talents of local Split artists. During the residency, we will seek to gather a group of artists willing to challenge their usual media, themes or approaches, contributing to a dynamic and thought-provoking collective.
antropologia da imagem e a greve geral de 1917 em São Paulo
Authors: Furoni Vieira dos Santos Eliane Cristina , Machado Bógus Lucia Maria
Published: December 2024

Este artigo traz a proposta de análise das imagens (fotografias) da Greve Geral de 1917, mais especificamente do cortejo fúnebre do imigrante espanhol José Ineguez Martinez, morto durante o movimento paredista em consequência da repressão empreendida pela Força Pública. Sob a ótica da Antropologia da Imagem, cuja teoria permite analisar essas fotografias e tentar compreender o que emerge dessa análise aprofundada, o artigo possibilita conhecer os “silêncios” que podem conter as composições fotográficas e, através dessa investigação, compreender o legado dessas imagens, considerando suas inscrições na memória social ao longo do tempo histórico.
atuação da pistolagem no ciberespaço como meio de controle da Fazenda Santa Clara, sudeste do Pará.
Authors: Lemos Marcos Antonio Amorim , Dos Reis Pereira Airton
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisa o controle territorial exercido pela pistolagem no ciberespaço, tomando como caso os conflitos entre os trabalhadores rurais do Acampamento Boa Esperança e os proprietários da Fazenda Santa Clara, município de Marabá, ocorridos entre 2018 e 2021. Além das fontes bibliográficas, foram importantes as informações propiciadas por meio das análises dos inquéritos policiais da Delegacia de Conflitos Agrários (Deca), dos Processos Administrativos do Instituto de Terras do Pará (Iterpa) e do Ministério Público do Pará (MPPA), e do processo de ação de reintegração de posse, da Vara Agrária, sobre o litígio na Fazenda Santa Clara, bem como análises dos relatos orais de integrantes do Acampamento Boa Esperança e da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), sobre a temática estudada. Os pistoleiros, utilizando-se da internet e de aparelhos digitais, além de armas de grosso calibre, intimidaram, ameaçaram e agrediram as famílias acampadas à medida que controlaram a área da fazenda.
Attempts of defamation of Croatia as antisemitic in the 1990s
Authors: Perković Paloš Andrijana
Published: December 2024

On August 19, 1991, during the Greater-Serbian aggression on Croatia, two explosive devices were set and activated at the door of the Jewish Community Center and in the Jewish section of Cemetery Mirogoj in Zagreb. The terrorist act was a false-flag operation, later called Labrador, performed by the Yugoslav People’s Army Counter-intelligence service, with aim of accusing Croatia of increased antisemitism and portraying Croatian authorities as “pro-fascist”. Croatian leadership strongly condemned the attack. They also expressed their solidarity and support for the Jewish community in Croatia by organizing and attending a protest rally.
Fish Diversity of East Sea Streams in Han River Region
Authors: Hwang Jeong Ho , Yun Jong-Hak
Published: December 2024

Fish surveys were conducted near artificial structures installed in nine streams flowing from the Han River region to the east coast of Korea. As a result of the survey, a total of 33,488 individuals belonging to 11 orders, 16 families, and 48 species were found. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco koreanus, and Zacco platypus respectively. Among the surveyed fish species, endangered species (rank II) were Pungitius sinensis, Ladislavia taczanowskii, Phoxinus phoxinus, Lethenteron japonicus and Cottus hangiongensis. In addition, migratory fish species were Pungitius sinensis, Gymnogobius urotaenia, Tribolodon brandti, Oncorhynchus masou masou, Oncorhynchus keta, Plecoglossus altivelis, Lethenteron japonicus, Cottus hangiongensis and Tribolodon hakonensis. As a result of community analysis, Samcheokosip Stream, and Yangyangnamdae Stream have the highest diversity, and dominance indices respectively. Also, Jusu Stream has the highest richness and evenness indices. The highest number of species was surveyed in Gangneungnamdae Stream (24 species). Alpha diversity (the number of species at each survey point in each stream) was the highest at a survey point in Gangneungnamdae Stream (21 species), and beta diversity (species at each stream survey point that does not overlap with nearby survey point) was the highest at survey points in Gangneungnamdae Stream and Jusu Stream (10 species). As a result of the similarity analysis, surveyed streams were divided into five groups: group 1 stream (Yeongok· Samcheokosip·Gagok), group 2 stream (Yangyangnamdae·Hosan), group 3 stream (Gangneungnamdae), group 4 stream (Sangun·Jusu), and group 5 stream (Nakpung). This study is expected to serve as basic data for managing the aquatic ecosystem of streams flowing from the Han River region to the east coast.
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Biochemical and Safety Insights
Authors: B Misra , VP* Sharma
Published: December 2024

In recent years, food and pharmaceuticals have emerged as major players in the field of preventive healthcare. Interestingly,
this modern concept of the role of food is echoed by the wisdom of ancient thinkers. “. . . differences of diseases depend on
nutriments” was emphasised by Hippocrates over 2000 years ago when the correlation between food and diseases was little
to none. His revolutionary insight laid the foundation for future research on establishing food as a prevention against diseases.
This realisation has prompted the introduction of new concepts of ‘Functional Foods’ and ‘Nutraceuticals’ to determine
our approach towards wellness through dietary modifications. With the increase in global interest and emphasis on FFs
and nutraceuticals, understanding their biochemistry and mechanisms is crucial for their effective application. This article
attempts to explore and examine the bioactive compounds in FFs and nutraceuticals and their benefits in disease prevention
and as therapeutics. Moreover, holistic understanding, regulatory limits and safe administration of these nutritive products is
essential for the suitability as well as best utilization.
Sensitivity of Stand Density Index to Diameter Calculations and Cutoffs
Authors: R Heiderman , M Kimsey
Published: December 2024

Stand Density Index (SDI) is a common metric used in forestry to normalize comparisons of disparate size-density relationships
and evaluate a stand’s relative density to some maximum. Relative density to some maximum is often used to develop thinning
prescriptions for maintaining a forest’s resilience and productivity. However, evaluation of the size-density relationship is
fraught with potential for miscommunication given reliance on often differential diameter definitions (size) and common
truncation of high density stands (density) with small diameters, depending on the objective of the forest biometrician.
The objective of this paper is to highlight commonly used methods for defining a stand’s mean diameter and the multiple
approaches to computing stand density index. We explore the traditional definitions of mean diameter and their impact on the
computation of SDI: 1) arithmetic, 2) quadratic, 3) Reineke’s diameter by summation, and 4) Reineke’s diameter with Taylor
expansion, as a function of differing diameter truncation methods. Our analysis summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of
the varying definitional approaches to SDI and emphasizes the need to communicate the objectives for which a particular suite
of diameter truncation methods and SDI equations are selected.
Journey into the ‘Woods’ – A Case Report
Authors: Varadarajan Vishnuprasad
Published: December 2024

This article is a first person account of a novel research work on the wood anatomical studies of mature hardwood tree
species carried out on the trees found in the iron ore mines of Odisha, India. The doctoral journey of the researcher right from
joining the esteemed institute and the wood anatomy laboratory to the finalizing of research topic, the adventures during
sample collection work besides the practical challenges followed by laboratory analysis of respective parameters, statistical
brainstorming to arrive at a conclusion and ending into successful culmination of the research with a grand publication is
well-depicted. It is aimed at sharing the journey to young researchers in the fraternity and encourage them to explore the
wilderness and observe how plants are tolerant and adaptive enough to sustain the effects of anthropogenic disturbances
such as mining stress. The results obtained can become fruitful suggestions for choice of species to be used for restoration
programs in the mining areas for effective ecological restoration of abandoned lands.
Mitral Valve Replacement vs Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: E Sai Sri Jayanthi
Published: December 2024

Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and other types of mitral valve disease are very bad for heart health and usually need
surgery to fix or replace the mitral valve. The study’s goal is to find deep differences and similarities between these two types
of therapy. Repairing the mitral valve is the best option because the patient doesn’t have to take blood thinners for the rest
of their lives, the original valve is kept, and the results are better in the long run and there are fewer problems. A number of
repair methods are talked about, along with their uses and advantages. These include commissurotomy, annuloplasty, and
leaflet or chordal repair. The mitral valve should be fixed whenever possible, but if that is not possible, it needs to be replaced
in more advanced or complex cases. Both biological and mechanical replacement valves have pros and cons. The two biggest
ones are the need for anticoagulant and how long they last. This study looks at these methods side by side and compares them
in terms of how hard they are to operate on, how long they last, how many complications they have, and how well they work
with patients. According to recent trends, mitral valve repair is still the best option, even though replacement is important for
some groups of patients.
Implementation of the PBL Model Integrated E-Module with Learning Differentiated to Promote Student’s Collaboration Skills
Authors: Yandari Riri , Asrizal Asrizal , Werina Werina , Agusti Hafiz Almahfuz
Published: December 2024

Education is currently trying to make students able to master the skills of the 21st century. This study aims to determine the effect of applying the integrated e-module PBL model with differentiated learning on students' mastery of concepts and collaboration skills. The research design used in this research is classroom action research. The data collection instrument consists of two parts, namely the collaboration skills observation sheet and the writing test. Based on the results of data analysis, the results of increasing the average value of each indicator of collaboration skills in cycle I and cycle II due to the application of the integrated e-module PBL model with differentiated learning are: I1 = 13.19%, I2 = 8.33 %, I3 = 6.02%, I4 = 11.11%, I5 = 11.1%. While the increase in student knowledge aspect learning outcomes is 15.5%. Based on the research results, it is known that the application of the integrated e-module PBL model with differentiated learning can improve students' collaboration skills and mastery of concepts, which are skills needed in 21st century education.
Diabetes: a global challenge and the impact of melatonin
Authors: Rana Abdul , Kushnir Oleksandra
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels. This abstract explores the different types of diabetes, their causes, and potential complications. It also highlights the global disease burden and the importance of management strategies. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form, results from insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. Gestational diabetes is a temporary form that develops during pregnancy. The primary cause of diabetes is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While genetics play a role, lifestyle choices such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet significantly contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications affecting multiple organ systems. These include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease), retinopathy (eye disease), and foot ulcers, which can lead to amputation. Diabetes is a global health problem with a rapidly growing prevalence. The increasing burden necessitates effective prevention and management strategies. These include lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular physical activity, along with appropriate medication regimens and patient education. Clinical and laboratorybiochemistry help is vital at all stages of diagnosis of diabetesbecause it is pivotal in the management of diabetes, it’s associated complications and monitoring of treatment. This abstract provides a concise overview of diabetes, highlighting its types, causes, potential complications, and the importance of tackling this global health challenge.
Safeviler-Müşa’şaşa Çatışması: Siyasi, Mezhep ve Sosyal Dönüşümler Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: Atıcı Arayancan Ayşe
Published: December 2024

14.-15. yüzyıllarda ortaya çıkan Şiî hareketler, bölgedeki politik, sosyal ve dini yapıları şekillendiren önemli dinamiklerdi. Hurufîlik, Müşa’şalar, Ehl-i Haklar ve Safevîler gibi gruplar, sadece mezhepsel değerleri değil, aynı zamanda siyasal otoriteleri sorgulayan bir yaklaşım geliştirdiler. Bu hareketlerden Safevîler, özellikle Şah İsmail’in 1501 yılında iktidara gelmesinden sonra uyguladığı politikada devletin resmi mezhebi olarak İsnâaşeriyye’yi benimseyip, dini kimlik inşası ve toplumsal destek sağlama üzerine odaklandı. Bu süreç farklı mezheplerin ve etnik kimliklerin çatışmasına zemin hazırladı, bölgedeki dini ve siyasi dönüşümlerin temel taşlarını oluşturdu. Bu çatışma sürecinde Safevîler ve Müşa’şalar siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel koşullar bağlamında oluşan ve bu koşulların etkisiyle değişim ve dönüşüm geçiren hareketler oldu. Müşa’şalar ve Safevîler arasındaki rekabet, her iki grubun meşruiyet arayışlarını ve doktrin söylemlerini keskinleştirdi. Safevîler bölgenin genelinde iktidarı ele geçirirken Müşa’şalar Huveyze ve Irak-ı Arab gibi yerlerde halk arasında etkin propaganda yaparak kendi meşruiyetlerini sağlamaya çalıştılar. Sonuç olarak, bu dinamikler mezhepsel farklılıkların daha belirgin hale gelmesine ve siyasi etkileşimlerin artmasına yol açtı.
Bu makalede, Safevîler ve Müşa’şaların karşılaştırılması yapılırken birkaç temel nokta üzerinden değerlendirilmeler yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bunlardan bir tanesi Safevî liderlerinin dini otoriteyi nasıl tesis ettikleri, ideolojik temelleri, İsnâaşerriyye Şiîliğini kabul ettirmek için yapılan uygulamalar, siyasi ittifak kurma becerileri ve destekçi kitleleri üzerinde durulurken; Müşa’şaşaların Safevî yükselişine karşı ne tür tepkiler geliştirdiklerini ve bu tepkilerin hangi dinamikler üzerinden şekillendiği, kendi propaganda stratejilerini ve toplumsal desteği nasıl elde etmeye çalıştıkları analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Safevîler ve Müşa’şaşaların propaganda ve meşruiyet arayışlarının karşılaştırılması yapılırken Safevîlerin otoriteyi ele geçirme süreci ve Müşa’şaşaların buna karşı geliştirdikleri politikalar, dönemin dinî ve siyasi dinamiklerini ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Şah İsmail Safevî’nin Siyasi Portresi
Authors: Necefli Tofig
Published: December 2024

Milletimizin tarihinde asırlar boyunca ortak coğrafyada yaşayan, aynı dili konuşan ve manevî değerleri paylaşan yüzlerce boy ve aşiretleri, milyonlarca insanı bir ülkü etrafında toplayarak birlik ve beraberlik çağrısında bulunan pek çok şahsiyet olmuştur.
Bu tarihi şahsiyetlerden biri de Şah İsmail’dir. Bilim adamları ve tarihçiler için Şah İsmail, büyük bir devlet adamı ve yetenekli bir komutan olmaya devam etmektedir. Azerbaycanlıların gözünde Şah İsmail, Azerbaycan topraklarını birleştiren ve merkezi Azerbaycan devletini kuran kişidir.
Ana kaynaklarda Safevî Devleti’nin kurucusu hakkında yapılan çok sayıda değerlendirme, onun Azerbaycan ve Anadolu Türkleri ile ayrılmaz bağını göstermektedir. Bu gerçeklerin en bilineni ve ikna edicisi şüphesiz İsmail Safevî’nin Şirvan’daki Gülistan kalesinin kuşatıldığı sırada söylediği sözlerdir. Şirvan’ın en müstahkem kalelerinden olan Gülistan kalesinin kuşatması uzadıkça İsmail nüfuzlu emirleri ile müşavere ederek şöyle dedi: “Gülistan kalesine mi, yoksa Azerbaycan tahtına mı ihtiyacınız var?” Kutsal Safevî hanedanının inananları cevap verdi... “Azerbaycan tahtına”.
Bu tarihî diyalog birkaç açıdan önemlidir: Daha erken yaşlarından itibaren kendisini askerî faaliyetlere sevk eden en yüksek amacını kudretli bir devletin kurulması olarak kabul eden İsmail inşa olunacak devletin Azerbaycan merkezli olacağını öngörüyordu. 1499 yılında yedi müridiyle birlikte Gilan’dan Erdebil’e yola çıkarken danışmanlarının etkisi ile harekete geçen gencecik Safevî şeyhi Gülistan kalesinin önünde emir ve ayanları toplayarak artık bizzat kendisi onların karşısına büyük tarihî hedefler koymaktadır. Bu onu Azerbaycan tarihinin bağımsız kararlar alan tarihî şahsiyetlerinden biri yapmaktadır.
Şah İsmail’in siyasi portresinin incelenmesi, öncelikle onun olağanüstü bir şahsiyet olarak karakterinin ortaya konulması açısından gereklidir. Şah İsmail, Safevi mezhebi hareketinin ayakta kalmasını nasıl sağladı, genç yaşına rağmen Safevi müridlerini çevresinde seferber etmeyi başardı, çevresinden birkaç kişiyle birlikte bölgenin siyasi manzarasını değiştirebilecek bir hareket başlattı, bu hareketi başarıyla tamamladı, Safevi Devleti gibi büyük ve güçlü bir devletin temellerini atmış, uzun ömürlü olmasını sağladı.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Üç Yıl Süren İlk Şirket Davası: Nestlé’nin Birinci Dünya Harbi İle Ortaya Çıkan Tâbiiyet Sorunu
Authors: Memiş Şefik , Kolay Arif
Published: December 2024

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile 1838’de imzaladığı [Baltalimanı] Ticaret Anlaşması, İngiltere’ye Memâlik-i Osmaniye’yi geniş bir pazara ve topraklarını da İngiliz şirketleri için bakir bir ticaret ve üretim üssüne çevirme imkânı verdi. İngiliz uyruklu bir şirket olmak, ciddi ticari ayrıcalıklara sahip olmak, serbestiyetlerden yararlanmak, bürokrasiye takılmamak, dolayısıyla kârını artırmak anlamına geliyordu. Osmanlı pazarına giren İngiliz-İsviçre ortaklığındaki “süt hülasası” ve “çikolata” üreticisi Nestlé de bu imkândan yararlanma yolunu seçti. II. Meşrutiyet sonrası Osmanlı topraklarındaki operasyonunu genişletmeye karar veren Nestlé, bu hedefini kapsamlı reklam kampanyası ve sosyal sorumluluklarla destekledi. Bu süreçte ortaya çıkan sorunları da çift uyruklu bir şirket olmanın verdiği avantajla, İngiliz tabiiyetini tercih ederek aştı.
Ne var ki Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak vermesi ve İngiltere ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun “muhasım” devletler olarak karşı saflarda yer alması, bu avantajı dezavantaja çevirdi. Savaş süresince İtilaf Devletleri uyruğundaki şirketler özel bir muameleye tabi tutulacaktı. Kapsamlı pazar hamlesi sebebiyle Türk şekerlemecilerinin düşmanlığını çeken Nestlé, Şekerci Mehmed Refet Efendi tarafından 1916 yılında mahkemeye verilerek, iki tabiiyetten hangisinin geçerli olduğunun açık şekilde belirlenmesi istendi. Beyoğlu İstinaf Mahkemesi’nde başlayan muhakeme süreci, Nestlé’nin talebi üzerine Şûrâ-yı Devlet’e taşındı.
Bir yandan Birinci Dünya Savaşı, diğer yandan hukukî mücadele bütün şiddetiyle sürdü. Yaklaşık 3 yıla yakın devam eden davanın her aşamasında, Nestlé çeşitli itiraz dilekçeleri sunarak, 1906’dan beri İsviçre tabiiyetinde olduğunu ispatlamaya çalıştı. Şûrâ-yı Devlet şirketin öne sürdüğü bütün argümanları ayrıntısıyla değerlendirdi. Ayrıca Bab-ı Ali Hukuk Müşavirliğinin hazırladığı çok yönlü karşı mütalaayı okudu. Ardından Nestlé’ye yeni deliller ibraz etme fırsatı verdi. Sunulan yeni deliller sebebiyle ilk mütalaayı yeterli bulmayıp, Hukuk Müşavirliğinden tekrar mütalaa hazırlamasını talep etti. Nihayetinde Şûrâ-yı Devlet, kamunun ve şirketin öne sürdüğü delilleri birini diğerine öncelemeden analiz eden kararını yayınladı. Böylece savaş gibi olağanüstü bir dönemde bile “kestirmeci ve kolaycı” bir yaklaşımı benimsemediğini, adaleti savaştığı ülkenin şirketleri içinde gerçekleştirmeyi amaçladığını gösterdi. Üç yıla yakın süren dava, yabancı şirketlerin hakları ve yatırımları bağlamında savaşın şartlarının yönlendirici etkisine ram olmadan nasıl özenle hareket edildiğini göstermesi bakımından önemliydi. Osmanlı arşiv belgelerine dayanılarak hazırlanan bu makale, bu özellikleriyle günümüze de ışık tutacak bir niteliğe sahiptir.
Trends in gender role attitudes and gender awareness among Generation Z college students in China
Authors: Fang Huaying , Kunjuraman Velan A/L
Published: December 2024

In the current context of multicultural collision, online information is impacting traditional gender values. To analyze the changes in gender role attitudes and gender awareness among Chinese Generation Z college students under the influence of various social factors, the study focuses on Generation Z college students and explores the impact of cultural, media, educational, and family factors on gender role attitudes and gender awareness among Chinese Generation Z college students through questionnaire surveys and quantitative analysis methods. The research results show that Generation Z college students exhibit extremely favorable gender perspectives, with the proportion of bisexual gender roles approaching 38%, surpassing the number of students with traditional understanding of single sex gender roles. At the same time, in school gender awareness education, research has found that the proportion of bisexual gender roles is the highest among students who accept open mindedness, at 46.6%. In family gender awareness education, students who receive parental gender awareness sharing education have the highest proportion of bisexual gender roles, accounting for 48.5%. Therefore, the current gender education for the new Generation of students in China needs to abandon traditional avoidance-based teaching methods and adopt an open and supportive attitude to guide students’ gender values.
Morphological performance of local upland rice accessions from West Bangka for germplasm conservation
Authors: Amilia Rossa , Mustikarini Eries Dyah , Zasari Maera
Published: December 2024

The genetic diversity of upland rice in West Bangka plays a crucial role in food security and germplasm conservation. This study aimed to identify the morphological characteristics of upland rice accessions from West Bangka. The research involved identifying seven local rice accessions from West Bangka and was conducted from March to July 2024. This study employed survey methods and field observations using Purposive Random Sampling based on type or accession, and data analysis was carried out through experimental methods. Data collection involved observing the morphology of the upland rice plants qualitatively and quantitatively. Data analyses were performed using variability tests. Local upland rice accessions in West Bangka Regency showed morphological diversity as indicated by the value of the broad variability in leaf width, leaf blade length, seed width, and seed thickness, while other traits showed narrow variability. The wide morphological diversity in certain characters showed that local accessions of upland rice in the West Bangka Regency had good genetic potential for utilization in plant breeding programs.
Keywords: genetic resources; morphology; biodiversity conservation; agronomy; genetic variation
Languages of Written and Oral Communication between Russian Emperors and Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, 1725–1799
Authors: Petrova M. A.
Published: December 2024

This article, based on unpublished materials from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, represents the first historiographical analysis of the languages used in official correspondence—such as letters of credence, recall, and notifications—between the secular and ecclesiastical electors of the Holy Roman Empire and Russian emperors during the eighteenth century. Employing the methodological framework of diplomatics, an auxiliary historical discipline, the author utilizes formulaic analysis to examine the mandatory expressions and formulas in the opening and closing protocols of these letters. These linguistic conventions provide insights into the social status of both sender and recipient, reflecting the hierarchical nature of diplomatic relationships.The article contributes to the growing interest in early modern diplomatic languages, a field that has gained traction in recent foreign historiography, particularly in studies of negotiation practices at international congresses. Archival research reveals distinct patterns in the linguistic practices of the electors. Saxon electors corresponded with Russian emperors in German, while the electors of the Palatinate and Bavaria initially used Latin before transitioning to German in the mid-eighteenth century. Ecclesiastical electors—the archbishops of Mainz, Trier, and Cologne—also wrote in German. On rare occasions, French was used. Conversely, Russian monarchs adhered to tradition, drafting official correspondence in Russian with German translations attached.The article concludes that the choice of language serves as a formal indicator of the nature of relationships between rulers, highlighting the distinction between sovereign monarchs and electors, who, de jure, remained vassals. This hierarchical disparity is further reflected in the use of kinship terms within the correspondence. For example, Russian emperors addressed secular electors not as "brothers" or "sisters"—terms typically reserved for sovereign equals— but as "uncles," "aunts," or, later, "in-laws" (occasionally "cousins"). These designations underscored the unequal status of the correspondents.Additionally, the correspondence sheds light on the process by which the influential Estates of the Holy Roman Empire recognized the imperial title of the Russian monarchs. By analyzing the linguistic and formal characteristics of these letters, the study provides new insights into the social and political dynamics of eighteenth-century diplomacy.
New Development Bank as Aid Donor to School Education
Authors: Sadykov Rodion , Uchaev Yevgeny
Published: December 2024

Despite initial expectations that the New Development Bank (NDB) would emerge as a significant contributor to education aid, educational projects constitute only 0.3% of the Bank’s portfolio after nine years of operation. Why have the aspirations of the mid-2010s remained largely unrealized? Drawing on primary sources, including official BRICS and NDB documents, speeches by member states’ representatives, and aid statistics, this article traces the evolution of education aid within the NDB’s operational framework. The analysis tests several hypotheses to explain this trajectory, examining BRICS member states’ preferences for educational cooperation, leadership changes within the Bank, the impact of COVID-19, the demand for educational aid among NDB member states, and the division of labor between “old” and “new” multilateral development banks.The findings indicate that the inclusion of education as a secondary focus area in the NDB’s agenda initially exemplified a case of “governing through goals,” as the Bank sought to enhance its reputation by contributing to the broadest possible range of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Subsequent developments, including heightened attention to BRICS educational cooperation at high-level and ministerial meetings, the adverse impact of COVID-19 on global educational progress, and the appointment of Dilma Rousseff as NDB President, further solidified social infrastructure (including education) as a priority on the Bank’s strategic agenda. However, despite increased rhetorical emphasis in declarations and strategic documents, financing for educational projects has not followed suit.This disconnect can be attributed to two primary factors. First, the established division of labor between “old” multilateral development banks (e.g., World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Asian Development Bank) and “new” institutions (e.g., NDB, AIIB) has positioned the former to prioritize social sector investments while the latter address deficits in infrastructure financing. Second, NDB member states have shown limited interest in altering this status quo. At the same time, stagnating aid volumes and the increasing politicization of educational aid by traditional donors, coupled with persistent needs to improve education systems in many developing countries, underscore the challenge for BRICS states to develop more effective mechanisms for educational cooperation—both within the bloc and with the broader Global South.
Zeitenwende Through the Lens of Olaf Scholz’s Government Strategic Documents
Authors: Sokolov A. P. , Protsenko S. E.
Published: December 2024

This study examines German doctrinal documents issued under the government of Olaf Scholz in the context of the “Zeitenwende” (turning point) proclaimed in 2022. Key documents analyzed include the National Security Strategy, Guidelines for Feminist Foreign Policy, Strategy on China, and Defense Policy Guidelines. Of particular interest are the ongoing transformations in Germany's strategic culture, which are unprecedented in scope and aim to position the Federal Republic as a significant actor in military policy. In response to Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, Berlin has increasingly emphasized the military dimension of its policy, including arms deliveries to Kyiv—an action that marks a departure from the postwar principle of refraining from supplying weapons to conflict zones.The article explores how intra-German debates on military and political issues are reflected in these strategic documents. The participants in these debates can be broadly categorized into three groups: proponents of both the “Zeitenwende” and the government's associated policies; supporters of the “Zeitenwende” who dissent on the methods or tools of implementation; and opponents of the “Zeitenwende” in principle. Using qualitative content analysis, the study identifies contradictions within the documents and inconsistencies in the implementation of Berlin's declared objectives. Many formulations in the documents are characterized by ambiguity, allowing for future revisions or additions. Notably, the Green Party exerts significant influence over the content, promoting a bellicose rhetoric and advocating for an expanded understanding of security issues.The findings suggest that Germany's practical approach remains measured and cautious. However, the incorporation of the “Zeitenwende” principles into strategic documents ensures their longevity, making it unlikely that any future government coalition will disregard these foundational shifts in Germany's military and foreign policy.
The Impacts of Audiovisual Content in Digital Marketing: a Study on Companies Using the Method in São Luís – Maranhão
Authors: Façanha Neto Inácio Ferreira , Rodrigues Yasmin Sousa
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of using audiovisual content in the digital marketing strategies of companies in São Luís, Maranhão, aiming to understand how this tool contributes to audience engagement, brand strengthening, and increased sales.
 
Theoretical Framework: This section presents the key concepts and theories that underpin the research. It highlights analyses of audiovisual content as a communication tool (Vidigal, 2023; Coutinho, 2006), digital marketing and its strategies (Kotler and Keller, 2010; Ferreira, 2015), and the influence of consumer psychology on visual communication (Corredor, 2013; Justo and Massimi, 2017). These concepts provide a solid foundation for understanding the impact of audiovisual content in digital marketing.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research involves a qualitative and quantitative approach, combining theoretical analysis with empirical data. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire applied to companies in São Luís, covering micro, small, medium, and large organizations. Aspects such as the type of audiovisual content used, impact on engagement metrics, sales, and brand strengthening were explored.
 
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the use of promotional and institutional videos significantly contributes to audience engagement and brand strengthening. Companies reported a high return on investment (ROI), with Instagram highlighted as the most effective platform. In the discussion, the results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting challenges such as high production costs and alignment with the brand's visual identity.
 
Research Implications: The practical implications of this research include guidelines for optimizing the use of audiovisual content in digital marketing. In the marketing field, the results can influence practices such as adopting personalized content and investing in paid ads to enhance reach and engagement.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by exploring the impact of audiovisual content in the regional context of São Luís, Maranhão, highlighting its effectiveness as a strategic marketing tool. The research is relevant as it underscores the importance of content personalization and evaluation metrics in the digital environment.
RAPID GENOTYPING OF PRNP GENE POLYMORPHISMS TO ASSESS SCRAPIE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN BRAZILIAN SHEEP
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Souza , Faria Danielle Assis de , Silva Kleibe de Moraes , Facó Olivardo , Azevedo Hymerson Costa , Moraes José Carlos Ferrugem , Souza Carlos José Hoff de , Caetano Alexandre Rodrigues , McManus Concepta , Paiva Samuel Rezende
Published: December 2024

Objective: Our study aimed to develop and validate a low-density SNP panel for 15 PRNP gene polymorphisms for genotyping sheep from 15 breeds in Brazil, incorporating samples from the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Biobank (BBGA). It was estimated both allelic, genotypic and haplotypic frequencies for the selected markers.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study hypothesis centers on the need to validate a cost-effective reduced SNP panel, enhance genotyping accuracy, and support selective breeding against scrapie in Brazilian sheep.
 
Method: The methodology adopted comprises a reduced SNP panel, with markers associated with scrapie, designed to genotype DNA samples of Brazilian sheep breeds.
 
Results and Discussion: The panel achieved a success rate of 73%, as out of the 15 genotyped markers, only four were excluded by the call rate. Moreover, 73% (845) of the initial 1,152 samples were successfully genotyped. Analyzing the three most important PRNP polymorphisms, we found that genotype ARQ/ARQ, associated with susceptibility to scrapie, was the most frequent in all breeds. In contrast, genotype ARR/ARR (resistance) was found only in the BBGA (4%).
Research Implications: Overall, the low-density SNP panel can be a rapid, dependable, and cost-effective tool for enhancing genetic selection in Brazilian sheep. However, further technology optimization is necessary, which can be achieved by excluding and replacing non-functional markers.
 
Originality/Value: This study presents valuable insights by providing a cost-effective, validated genotyping tool  tailored to SNP markers associated with scrapie in Brazilian sheep, which can streamline genetic selection in breeding programs.
Sustainable Practices in Organic Aquaculture: Scientometrics of Relevant Studies
Authors: Miranda Eva Barros , Luiz Junior Olavo José , Feiden Aldi
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study carried out a systematic analysis of scientific production on organic aquaculture, with the aim of identifying the most relevant contributions and the main trends in the literature on the subject.
 
Theoretical Framework: Organic aquaculture is considered a sustainable and innovative practice, aimed at producing high quality food with a focus on environmental preservation and animal welfare. However, challenges such as high certification costs and unequal access to technologies limit its expansion.
 
Method: The research used the Methodi Ordinatio methodology to rank the most relevant articles and bibliometric analysis with the VOSviewer software to map co-authorship networks and identify thematic areas. A total of 100 articles from the Scopus database were analyzed, focusing on the 10 best-ranked articles.
 
Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed four main areas of interest: (1) technology and innovation; (2) consumer dynamics and marketing; (3) sustainability and (4) the panorama and challenges of organic aquaculture. The results show that despite advances in developed countries, economic and regulatory barriers hinder the adoption of organic practices in developing countries.
 
Research Implications: This study contributes to the understanding of the main gaps and trends in the field of organic aquaculture, offering subsidies for the development of public policies and market strategies that strengthen the sector.
 
Originality/Value: By combining quantitative bibliometric methodologies and qualitative analysis, the study offers a comprehensive view of the state of the art on organic aquaculture, highlighting the most relevant scientific contributions and the challenges to be faced.
Грамматикализация послелогов в турецком языке
Authors: Дардыкова Надежда Викторовна
Published: December 2024

The analysis of ways and mechanisms of grammaticalization of Turkish postpositions with the consideration of the influence of the source word was carried out in this paper. Primary and originally Turkish prepositions are prone to semantic bleaching and the generalization of the semantics of the original language unit. Derived postpositions are the result of reevaluation of terms which determine body parts, spatial relations, physical activity, movement and perception. In the phonological aspect postpositions undergo assimilation to the laws of synharmonism, phonetic erosion and fusion. Attachment to the position of the main word and loss of lexical substance are observed morphosyntactically.
Трёхсимвольные фразеологизмы современного японского языка
Authors: Дыбовский Александр Сергеевич
Published: December 2024

This article employs structural-semantic and functional analysis to examine the composition and semantic features of three-character idioms in modern Japanese. It uncovers their “inner form” (A.A. Potebnya) and investigates the grammatical characteristics that integrate constituent elements within compound words. In these idioms, the fusion of proto-Chinese and native Japanese roots has developed over centuries within the history of the Japanese language, rooted in Chinese characters. Genetically, Japanese three-character idioms are divided into proto-Chinese and native Japanese categories. For both, Chinese characters are fundamental: each complex lexeme analyzed here is written with three Chinese characters. Proto-Chinese idioms are further divided into genetically homogeneous and heterogeneous categories. The study places special emphasis on the metaphorical aspects of three-character proto-Chinese idioms and certain aspects of their syntactic use.
Hepatic Encephalopathy Scoring Model in Hepatic Cirrhosis Based on Clinical and Laboratory Parameter
Authors: Pamungkas Kadek Mercu Narapati , Lesmana Dewi Putu Itta Sandi , Dewi Ni Luh Putu Yunia , Kharisma Dewi Ni Nyoman Gita , Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha , Mariadi Ketut
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, from minimal changes to profound coma. HE is hard to diagnose without advanced laboratory parameters such as ammoni. This study aims to develop a scoring model to diagnose HE using clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study collected data from 96 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis from November 2021 to January 2022. Employing multivariate logistic regression analysis, the study aimed to identify autonomous factors associated with HE. Each significant variable was used to calculate patient probabilities. The score for each variable was computed utilizing the (B/SE)/lowest(B/SE) formula, demonstrating robust discriminatory capability. The scoring model was formulated and evaluated based on its sensitivity and specificity.Results: Nineteen point eight percent, equivalent to ninenteen patients, were admitted with HE. The scoring model was crafted based on nineteen variables. There were four significant variables in this model: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.01), Total Bilirubin (p=0.007), Fibrosis-4-Index (FIB-4) (p=0.014), and Ascites (p=0.016). Each variable was scored as 1 for AST, -1 for total bilirubin, 1 for FIB-4-index, and 1 for Ascites. The probability was 2%, 14.2%, 57%, 91.4%, and 50%, following the total score of -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the scoring model were 68.4% and 85.3%, respectively (AUC=84.7%).Conclusion: Daily laboratory and clinical manifestations related to hepatic cirrhosis could give a clue to diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy.Keywords: Clinical parameters, hepatic encephalopathy, laboratory parameters, scoring, scoring model