bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic effects of heroin and fentanyl and their basic physiological mechanisms
Authors: Kiyatkin Eugene A.
Published: October 2024

Respiratory depression that diminishes oxygen delivery to the brain is the most dangerous effect of opioid drugs. Although plethysmography is a valuable tool to examine drug-induced changes in respiration, the primary cause of brain abnormalities induced by opioids is the global decrease in brain oxygen levels. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview and discussion on fluctuations in brain oxygen levels induced by opioids, with a focus on heroin and fentanyl. To evaluate fluctuations in brain oxygen levels, we used oxygen sensors coupled with high-speed amperometry in awake, freely moving rats. First, we provide an overview of brain oxygen responses induced by natural physiological stimuli and discuss the mechanisms regulating oxygen entry into brain tissue. Then, we present data on brain oxygen responses induced by heroin and fentanyl and review their underlying mechanisms. These data allowed us to compare the effects of these drugs on brain oxygen regarding their latency, potency, time-dependency, and potential lethality at high doses as well as their relationships with peripheral oxygen responses. We also discuss data on the effects of naloxone on brain oxygen responses induced by heroin and fentanyl in the paradigms of both the pretreatment and treatment, when naloxone is administered at different times after the primary opioid drug. Although most data discussed were obtained in rats, they may have clinical relevance for understanding the mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of opioids and developing rational treatment strategies to decrease acute lethality and long-term health complications of opioid misuse.
Optimisation of Lutein Extraction From Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) Fruit Peel and Evaluation of In Vitro Eye Protective Effects of the Extracts
Authors: Nguyen Dao , Thrimawithana Thilini , Piva Terry , Huynh Tien
Published: October 2024

Lutein is a macular biopigment that can protect the retina from oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure to light and oxidants. The peel of gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) contains high levels of lutein, but the extraction optimisation parameters are complex, requiring saponification, and the effects on ocular bioactivity are not well understood. This study is aimed at optimising parameters for lutein extraction validated using HPLC from gac peel to determine their protective effects on oxidatively stressed retinal cells. The factors investigated for optimisation were KOH concentration, time, and temperature using (1) single factor, (2) multiple factor response surface methodology, and (3) predictive modelling. The optimum conditions for lutein extraction using single factors were 9% KOH for 3 h at 60°C, multiple factors were 9% KOH for 3 h at 45°C, and predictive modelling was 18% KOH for 1.9 h at 39.9°C, with the maximum extraction of lutein at 12.37, 15.64, and 17.4 mg/g DW, respectively. The extracted lutein purity and chemical composition were compared using HPLC and FTIR and indicated high purity and similarities in all extracts including the commercially purified lutein. Lutein extracted exhibited benefits on oxidatively stressed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells that reversed damage to baseline unstressed levels exceeding 80% viability, similar to purified lutein standards. The feasibility of gac lutein and extraction optimisation were discussed for commercial translational opportunities as a medicinal bioproduct with a focus on eye benefits.
Metabolomic Profiling Using UPLC‒MS/MS Revealed Differential Changes in Metabolites of Three Tea Plant Varieties and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Liu Lunxian , Wang Xinglin , Li Qiuying , Dai Han , Zhou Qihang , Meng Xingpan , Chen Zhongting , Zhang Ximin , Zhang Zhengdong , Liu Yingliang , Shen Tie , Yi Yin
Published: October 2024

Tea plants, as essential health beverages, are widely recognized for their rich content of antioxidant metabolites. This study utilized metabolomics analysis techniques to compare the metabolic differences between Camellia tachangensis F. C. Zhang, Camellia gymnogyna Hung T. Chang, and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kunzte, aiming to reveal their potential antioxidant activities. By applying UPLC–MS/MS technology, we analyzed metabolites in the samples and identified 1056 metabolites. We utilized statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and principal component analysis to evaluate and compare the variations in the samples. An intersection analysis of metabolites from the three types of tea plants identified 29 major differential metabolites. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of these differential metabolites were conducted, ultimately discussing 24 antioxidant‐related metabolites, primarily belonging to flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other categories. Among the three types of tea, C. tachangensis has the highest content of procyanidin B4, which is the most abundant substance in this tea. In terms of the impact of this substance on tea, it is known to have antioxidant properties and contributes to the overall antioxidant capacity of tea. In both C. gymnogyna and C. sinensis, the top 5 antioxidant metabolites include substances such as apigenin‐6,8‐di‐C‐glucoside (vicenin‐2), epigallocatechin, and apigenin‐5‐O‐glucoside. These substances belong to the flavonoid class and contribute to the antioxidant properties of these teas. Beyond the flavonoids and phenolic acids, other classes of metabolites in tea plants also exhibited significant antioxidant properties. These different metabolites play a key role in the antioxidant function of tea, contributing to their potential health benefits. The metabolites provide crucial insights for exploring and developing high‐antioxidant products that occur naturally.
Depressive Symptoms, Social Support and Employment: A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol Use in Women
Authors: Robinson Laura D. , Ingram Isabella , Degan Tayla J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: There is a worrying upward trend in alcohol consumption by women during the middle of life stages. Alcohol consumption can have negative health consequences, some of which women are particularly susceptible. To address this alarming trend, it is necessary to understand the antecedents of alcohol consumption among women. The purpose of this longitudinal study is to examine the predictors of alcohol consumption between 2009 and 2018, in a sample of women in their 40s at the final time point.

Methods: Data were drawn from four waves of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health over 9 years at four time points (2009–2018; N = 6900). Women were between 31 and 36 years old in 2009 and between 40 and 45 years old in 2018.

Results: There was a 3% increase in the proportion of women drinking at risk levels between 2009 and 2018. A multinominal logistic mixed effects model found that, after adjusting for covariates, depression (relative risk ratio [RR] = 1.04, p < 0.001), high social support (RR = 1.17, p < 0.001) and employment relative to not working (RR = 2.32, p < 0.001), working in management compared to a professional role (RR = 1.51, p < 0.001) and no dependent child at home (RR = 0.80 [0.07], p = 0.017) were predictors of risky drinking compared to not drinking.

Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of peer influence, mental health and stress associated with managing multiple responsibilities as key factors to address in targeting high‐risk drinking behaviors among women. There is a clear need for more opportunities for women to assess their relationships with alcohol and seek help in the process. Addressing this issue is paramount, especially considering its increasing prevalence.
Table 1 from Oncogenic Mutant p53 Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Proteasome Inhibition via Oxidative Stress–Dependent Induction of Mitochondrial Apoptosis
Authors: Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Neely Victoria , Ding Boxiao , Oduah Eziafa , Lam Vianna T. , Hu Bin , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Windle Bradford E. , Palit Deb Swati , Deb Sumitra , Nieva Jorge J. , Radhakrishnan Senthil K. , Harada Hisashi , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2024

IC50 values for BTZ and CFZ in indicated NSCLC cell lines
Figure S2 from Oncogenic Mutant p53 Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Proteasome Inhibition via Oxidative Stress–Dependent Induction of Mitochondrial Apoptosis
Authors: Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Neely Victoria , Ding Boxiao , Oduah Eziafa , Lam Vianna T. , Hu Bin , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Windle Bradford E. , Palit Deb Swati , Deb Sumitra , Nieva Jorge J. , Radhakrishnan Senthil K. , Harada Hisashi , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2024

Figure S2
Informality and Relations in International Judicial Appointments: Evidence from Sub-regional Courts in Africa
Authors: Kisakye Diana , Stroh Alexander
Published: October 2024

Informality in international judicial selection practices has been acknowledged but rarely systematically researched. Described as “design innovations” that are hard to grasp, national judicial appointments to international courts (IC s), even in the most established democracies, are permeated by opacity and secretiveness that remains puzzling to researchers and the legal complex alike. This article presents evidence from three African sub-regional courts to reify the informal dimension of international judicial appointments. Drawing on qualitative research that employs two country case studies, Uganda and Malawi, we demonstrate how the particularly thin formal selection rules leave much leverage to informalities at various levels of governance. Through interviews and judicial biographical data, we reconstruct judicial appointment practices and their dynamics to account for relevant informalities and relations that shed light on the selection of judges to IC s. We argue that appointment practices are less ad hoc or arbitrary than they often appear but mirror the states’ commitment to regional integration, political assessment of the respective regional organisation, and perceptions of the courts’ relevance and ambitions in relation to the political appointers and selectors. Moreover, we raise new concerns about the risk of more silent and subtle backlash against bold regional courts.
Ryle’s Logical Geography of Perception Verbs
Authors: Kalis Annemarie
Published: October 2024

Gilbert Ryle’s account of perception has not become widely known. Moreover, most of the responses to his account have been critical. Ryle’s method was to analyze our everyday use of perception verbs such as ‘seeing’ and ‘hearing’, in order to argue that perception is a skill that we learn by doing. His critics concluded that by focusing on the use of perception verbs, Ryle dodged all central problems of perception. The current article aims to rebut this conclusion, by showing how Ryle’s work on perception builds on his logical-geographical method. That method leads Ryle to the conclusion that perceptual skill is a form of knowing how. Perception recipes, defined as shared criteria for correct use of perception verbs, display the normative structure of this knowledge. Although this analysis raises questions of its own, it shows that Ryle was in fact engaging seriously with core philosophical questions about the nature of perception.
A review of the genus Lagynochthonius Beier, 1951 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from China
Authors: SUN JIANZHOU , GUO XIANGBO , ZHANG FENG
Published: October 2024

The genus of Lagynochthonius from China was reviewed. Nine new hypogean species were described: Lagynochthonius apexus sp. nov. (♂♀), L. infirmus sp. nov. (♂♀), L. longquanensis sp. nov. (♀) and L. zhakouensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Sichuan, L. baiguensis sp. nov. (♂♀), L. guangyangensis sp. nov. (♂♀), L. jingshengensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and L. zhaoae sp. nov. (♀) from Guangxi, L. galeatus sp. nov. (♀) from Guizhou. The male L. guanniuensis Hou, Feng & Zhang, 2023, L. maanensis Hou, Feng & Zhang, 2023 and L. xiaoensis Hou, Feng & Zhang, 2023 from Guizhou are reported for the first time. The species key and a geographical distribution map of Lagynochthonius species from China are provided.
Contributions to Astragalus sect. Dissitiflori in the light of morphological and molecular evidence: a new species and a new resurrect
Authors: POUREBRAHIM SHIMA , KAZEMPOUR-OSALOO SHAHROKH , MAASSOUMI ALI ASGHAR
Published: October 2024

Astragalus sublunatus is described as a new species from semi desert area of Semnan and Tehran provinces. The diagnostic characters and relevant description of the new species are given. It is distinguished from its closely related species, A. sitiens and A. ahangarensis, in having plicate inward leaflets, long and linear-lanceolate terminal leaflet and white petals in living time. It is also distinct from these species by molecular data, and along with them as well as A. bifoliolatus and A. moussavii formed a well-supported lineage. The distribution map and an illustration of the new species are also provided. Meanwhile, three accessions of A. sitiens were phylogenetically distinct from the rest of its conspecific members. They are morphologically well fitted with the characteristics of A. angustatus and thus, it was resurrected as a distinct species.
Lamyropsis macracantha (Asteraceae, Cardueae) is a Cirsium based on morphology and nuclear ITS/ETS sequence data
Authors: JIN ZI-CHAO , CHEN YOU-SHENG
Published: October 2024

We apply both morphology and molecular systematics approaches to resolve the dispute over the generic affiliation of Lamyropsis macracantha. Based on observations of herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants, as well as phylogenetic analyses based on ITS/ETS sequences, we demonstrate that Lamyropsis macracantha is a member of Cirsium.
Microtropis gulinqingensis, a new dioecious species of Celastraceae from China
Authors: HUANG QING , LYU LING , YANG CHONG , CHEN WEN-HONG , FAN CHANG-LI , ZHANG JIN-GUO , SHUI YU-MIN
Published: October 2024

A new species of Celastraceae, Microtropis gulinqingensis, is discovered in the dynamic plot of Gulinqing Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. After two-year observations of 65 individual plants in the field, we found that this species presented unique traits of being dioecious and having highly connate petals in its male flowers. We compared it with similar species and those in Microtropis distributed across the adjacent regions, and the morphological evidence supports the recognition of Microtropis gulinqingensis as a new species. A comprehensive description and photographs of this new species are provided.
The Use of E-Marketing Channels and Customer Satisfaction in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Etuk Samuel , Udoh Ini , Akpan Aniefiok , Isaac Effiong
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted to investigate the influence that the use of e-marketing channels have on customer satisfaction in Uyo Metropolise of Akwa Ibom State. Electronic marketing proxies like social media platforms and website platforms were considered and measured against customer satisfaction in Uyo metropolis. Primary data were collected with the use of the questionnaire from users of electronic marketing channels and the target population of the study were treated as infinite, hence a sample size of 347 respondents were selected using the convenience sampling technique. Data collected were further analyzed using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that the two independent variables (social media platforms and website platforms) significantly influence customers’ satisfaction. It was concluded that customers’ access to information on social media platforms and website platforms played a significant role in building customer satisfaction. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended among others, that e-marketing channels like social media platforms should be well utilized by online merchants for engaging and communicating products information, benefits and availability to online shoppers in Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State.
The Effect of the Adoption of the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer Process on Compliance Standards at a Single Institution
Authors: Peters Garrett W. , Thomas Gregory , Applegarth Jacob A. , Wasvary Joanna , Bohler Forrest , Callahan Rose E. , Bergeron Shelli , Wasvary Harry J.
Published: October 2024

Background: The National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer (NAPRC) was developed to enhance the quality of rectal cancer care in the United States. This project compared NAPRC compliance at a single tertiary care academic hospital before and after the institution adopted these standards in 2019. Methods: Rectal cancer patients from 2016 to 2023 who met NAPRC eligibility criteria were retrospectively reviewed for compliance with pre-selected patient care standards. Patients diagnosed prior to August 1, 2019 (pre-NAPRC) were compared with those diagnosed afterward (post-NAPRC) to determine whether compliance with these standards differed following the institution’s adoption of new guidelines. Results: This study included 353 patients, 146 pre-NAPRC and 207 post-NAPRC. The post-NAPRC group demonstrated significantly higher compliance with pretreatment standards compared to the pre-NAPRC group, including attaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( P = .015), computed tomography (CT) ( P < .001), and a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level ( P < .001). Postoperative standards were more frequently met in the post-NAPRC group regarding the photographing of surgical specimens ( P < .001). No significant differences were observed in confirming a tissue diagnosis, starting treatment within a 60-day timeframe, or completing surgical pathology reports. Prior to initiation of the NAPRC process, the institution had achieved accreditation-level compliance in 2 of the 7 standards. Within 2 years of adopting NAPRC standards, complete compliance was met in 6 of the 7 measures. Conclusions: A single institution’s adoption of NAPRC standards improved compliance with multiple rectal cancer care standards, achieving near-complete accreditation level compliance within 2 years.
The Law or the Career? Autocratic Judiciaries, Strategic Sentencing, and Political Repression
Authors: Liu Howard , Su Ching-Hsuan , Wang Yi-Ting
Published: October 2024

Why do judges sometimes act against autocrats’ will, even without judicial independence and tenure security? Contrary to the theory of strategic defection under weak governments, we argue that this behavior can also emerge under strong governments with lax monitoring. When autocrats primarily monitor severe political cases, judges can strategically downplay case severity to avoid oversight, thereby increasing judicial autonomy and the rule of law. Yet, these adjustments will be carefully calibrated–sufficient to evade scrutiny but not too drastic to trigger autocrats’ suspicions and incur sanctions against judges. We test this expectation with new data on Taiwan’s military trials during authoritarian rule, finding that judges tend not to issue sentences above a review threshold after its introduction. Sentence reductions are mostly moderate, affecting cases where sentences can fall slightly above or below the threshold under judges’ discretion. These findings have implications for understanding state repression and judicial agency in nondemocracies.
Amor Fati and the Negation of Life: Examining Existential Meaning in Life and Regret as Processes Involved in the Association Between One’s Love of Fate and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Chang Edward C.
Published: October 2024

This study examined how amor fati, a positive psychological construct, was associated with suicidal ideation in a sample of 215 young adults. Specifically, components of existential meaning in life (viz., comprehension, purpose, and mattering) and regret were evaluated as potential mediators of the association between amor fati and suicidal ideation. Results of conducting bootstrapped mediation testing with multiple mediators indicated that amor fati was indirectly associated with suicidal ideation through comprehension and mattering. Purpose and regret were not found to mediate the association between amor fati and suicidal ideation. In support of partial mediation, however, the negative association between amor fati and suicidal ideation remained significant even after including components of existential meaning in life and regret in the model. The present findings indicate that amor fati is an important protective factor that should be considered in studies of suicidality in young adults.
Is Artificial Intelligence Capable of Love through Self-Sacrifice?
Authors: Pugeda Teofilo Giovan S. , Aguas Raymond B.
Published: October 2024

In light of the Theology Today editorial “Will There Be Anything Left for Us?” by Gordon S. Mikoski, which briefly discusses the nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI), we further the conversation by providing a reflective theological framework to help interpret the human–AI relationship. We contend that agape love through the capacity for loving self-sacrifice is a feature of humankind that manifests our intrinsic nature as imago Dei. Based on this contention, AI would unlikely be able to self-sacrifice for agape love because it either can only be programmed to “self-sacrifice” or would not fully understand the nature of self-sacrifice, either of which would just be a semblance of agape love.
Psychopathologic Evaluation in Patients With Nasal Bone Fractures
Authors: Demir Songul , Akbudak Mahir , Sizer Bilal
Published: October 2024

Background: Nasal bone fractures are pretty common. The most common causes include interpersonal violence, traffic accidents, sports injuries, and falls. This study aimed to assess patients presenting with nasal bone fractures not only for nasal trauma but also for personality disorders, impulsivity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using psychiatric questionnaires. Methods: The study included 41 patients, and the control group consisted of 43 volunteers without nasal bone fracture; neither the patients nor the volunteers had previously been diagnosed with or treated for psychiatric disorders. The psychiatric questionnaires administered were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised—Short Form (EPQR-S), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale—Short Form (BIS-11-SF), and Turgay’s Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV-based Scale. Results: The most common cause of nasal bone fractures in our study was violence (41.5%), followed by traffic accidents (29.3%), falls (17%), and sports injuries (12.2%). In the EPQR-S assessment, the nasal bone fracture (NBF) group had significantly-higher total scores than the control group (CG) ( P < .001). In the subscales of the questionnaire, extroversion, psychoticism, and lie subscale scores were higher in the NBF group than in the CG. In the BIS-11-SF assessment, the NBF group had higher total scores than the CG ( P < .001). Assessment using Turgay’s adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-based diagnostic screening and rating scale revealed no statistically-significant difference between the NBF group and the CG in terms of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Conclusion: We found that psychoticism patterns and impulsivity were more prevalent in the patient group, whereas ADD/ADHD was not. The results of our study suggest that performing a psychiatric assessment may be the right decision in patients presenting with NBFs caused by violence, whether they are the aggressor or the victim.
The contribution of Tanzania library association in enhancing the librarianship profession: Views from the under 40-year-Olds - a quantitative study
Authors: Mubofu Christian , Malekani Andrew
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the contribution of the Tanzania Library Association in Enhancing the Librarianship Profession: Views from Under 40-Year-Olds librarians were gathered. The study adopted a quantitative approach with a case study design. Thirty-six respondents purposively selected from the Tanzania Librarian Forum and the Tanzania Library Association were involved in this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire created using a Google form. The questionnaire was shared with respondents and remained active for 2 weeks to allow them to fill it in. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS) Version 23 computer programme. The study found that 47.2% of participants were very familiar with TLA, which suggests that a substantial portion of the participants strongly understand the Tanzania Library and Information Association (TLA) and its objectives. Regarding the perceived contribution of TLA in advancing professional development opportunities for librarians under 40, results demonstrated that a majority, comprising 24 respondents (66.7%), agreed that TLA indeed fosters such opportunities. Furthermore, 41.7% reported that TLA enhances networking platforms for librarians under 40. However, another 30.6% said that TLA was essential in addressing the ever-evolving needs and issues faced by librarians under 40. Professional associations are vital for the career development of their members, and TLA is not left behind. From the findings, the study recommends that TLA continues to foster development in its members by utilising different strategies like preparation and conducting continuous professional training courses for its members and the library profession at large, publicity among different institutions within and outside the country and forging links with other international information professional associations.
The Smaller You in a Bigger World: The Relationship Between Foreign Experiences and Intellectual Humility
Authors: Li Heng
Published: October 2024

As the world is becoming a more connected and interdependent place, a fast growing literature has examined the effects of foreign experiences on cognitive and psychological outcomes. The current research seeks to explore the relationship between living abroad and intellectual humility. To this end, we conducted four methodologically diverse studies ( N = 643) using multiple populations and complementary measures of intellectual humility. In Study 1, we provided correlational evidence that students with international living experience manifested greater intellectual humility than peers lacking such background. Study 2 conceptually replicated the results of Study 1 by using a different measure of intellectual humility and a more diverse population. In Study 3, we found that individuals with international living experiences reported elevated intellectual humility compared to those who had plans to live abroad but had not yet done so. Study 4 adopted an experimental approach and provided evidence for the causal role of foreign experiences in influencing intellectual humility. Moreover, the results showed that the breadth, rather than the duration, of foreign experiences was predictive of greater intellectual humility. Taken together, these findings suggest that foreign experiences can impact the modest personality and meta-cognitive ability in individuals engaging internationally as sojourners.
Comparing results of midline catheter and peripherally inserted central catheter in cancer patients under chemotherapy
Authors: Faccini Beatrice , Aula Federico , Fontana Vincenzo , Rosa Alessandra , Consoli Damiano , Bondielli Filippo , Bertoglio Sergio
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives:

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), and peripherally inserted midlines (MC) represent a possible less invasive alternative option to totally implantable vascular access devices (TIVAD) in cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of PICC, and MC devices in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods:

A prospective non-concurrent observational study was conducted at the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova (Italy) on 559 cancer patients candidate to chemotherapy bearing PICC, and MC during the period 2019–2022. The primary endpoint was the comparative analysis for failure of the different types of peripheral insertion accesses requiring removal. Secondary outcome measures were age at diagnosis, gender, period of diagnosis, cancer site and type of chemotherapy. The negative binomial regression analysis was applied to estimate catheter removal rate ratios (RR), along with 95% confidence limits (95% CL), in each category of the risk factors.

Results:

The median follow-up time was 2.6 months (IQR = 1.4–4.6; min-max = 0.03–12.7), and at the end of the study period, a total of 45 catheter failures were detected. A risk reduction of approximately 75% (RR = 0.24; 95% CL = 0.11–0.51) was emphasized for patients with PICC when compared with those with MLC. Type of chemotherapy and cancer site appeared to be important predictive factors for catheter removal risk.

Conclusions:

For cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy by a non TIVAD, PICC must be preferred to MC because of higher safety and efficacy.
Imports and tourism expansion: A general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Nowak Jean-Jacques , Sahli Mondher
Published: October 2024

There is an ongoing debate within the literature about whether inbound tourism in developing countries contributes positively to national welfare. Most of the existing literature primarily relies on case studies and lacks theoretical frameworks essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role of imported intermediate inputs in tourism development. We aim to fill this gap by presenting a theoretical specific-factor general-equilibrium model of a tourism-exporting economy that incorporates both imported and non-traded intermediate goods. Our findings indicate that the extensive utilization of imported intermediate goods by the tourism industry, as well as other sectors, could potentially increase residents’ real income during a tourism boom. Additionally, our analysis reveals deviations from some standard results of the “beach disease” model. Lastly, we shed light on the complexity of the consequences of tourism expansion on income distribution, which prove to be more intricate than commonly believed. This underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the multifaceted dynamics involved in analyzing the connections between imports and tourism expansion.
Analysis of signals from air conditioner compressors with ordinal patterns and machine learning
Authors: Barbosa Keila , Frery Alejandro C , Cavalcanti George DC
Published: October 2024

Most machines are equipped with devices that monitor their operation. Air conditioners, in particular, are routinely monitored through various measurements. A desirable outcome of this monitoring is identifying when the device will likely require maintenance. In this study, we present the use of Ordinal Patterns, a symbolic transformation of time series, which allows for the visual assessment of the type of operation. Ordinal Patterns are chosen because they can transform intricate time series into simple and intuitive symbolic representations. The technique is visually appealing, generating points on a plane whose positions reveal hidden dynamics. This approach makes it easier to identify recurring or abnormal patterns in machine operations that may indicate wear or impending failure. Additionally, Ordinal Patterns allow for precise and understandable visualization of operational data, making interpreting results more accessible for professionals who may not be experts in data analysis. We compare two machines under different operational conditions with six measured variables. We analyze the expressiveness of the Ordinal Patterns and identify those variables that best differentiate the two machines. Furthermore, we incorporate machine learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Decision Trees, to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of Ordinal Patterns as discriminative features. Integrating machine learning methods with a symbolic transformation offers a robust approach for the early and accurate diagnosis of potential failures, enhancing the predictive maintenance of air conditioning equipment.
Reflections on the implications of proposed legal reform in Israel on ethical dilemmas in social work
Authors: Segal Michal
Published: October 2024

Social work ethics are outlined in the Union of Social Workers in Israel Code of Ethics. Israel's current Justice Minister has submitted a bill as part of legal reform, which states that even if the Supreme Court rules that a law enacted by the Knesset violates human dignity and liberty, a Knesset majority can still overturn the Supreme Court ruling. Should this legal reform endeavor succeed, social workers may be faced with complex ethical and legal dilemmas. This article provides a number of recommendations that will assist social workers to better prepare themselves to deal with situations in which they are required to act contrary to both applicable legislation and professional ethics.
Landscapes of production, production of meaning: Salt infrastructure and environmental history in imperial Rome and Han China
Authors: Totten Darian Marie
Published: October 2024

I investigate the material characteristics and spatial contexts of saltpans in two of antiquity’s most successful empires—Rome and Han China. Production strategies made salt widely available but were distinct in their form and appearance, as well as process. Rome’s infrastructure was less visually imposing and environmentally disruptive compared to the Han installations, which were made to stand out and overtake natural contexts. Born from its sites of production, salt had a different social role and political value in these empires.
Unveiling connections between venous disruption and cerebral small vessel disease using diffusion tensor image analysis along perivascular space (DTI-ALPS): A 7-T MRI study
Authors: Zhang Xue , Pei Xun , Shi Yulu , Yang Yingying , Bai Xiaoyan , Chen Tong , Zhao Yuanbin , Yang Qianqian , Ye Jinyi , Leng Xinyi , Yang Qi , Bai Ruiliang , Wang Yilong , Sui Binbin
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cerebral venous disruption is one of the characteristic findings in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and its disruption may impede perivascular glymphatic drainage. And lower diffusivity along perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index has been suggested to be with the presence and severity of CSVD. However, the relationships between venous disruption, DTI-ALPS index, and CSVD neuroimaging features remain unclear.

Aims:

To investigate the association between venous integrity and perivascular diffusion activity, and explore the mediating role of DTI-ALPS index between venous disruption and CSVD imaging features.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 31 patients (mean age, 59.0 ± 9.9 years) were prospectively enrolled and underwent 7-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. DTI-ALPS index was measured to quantify the perivascular diffusivity. The visibility and continuity of deep medullary veins (DMVs) were evaluated based on a brain region–based visual score on high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) and perivascular space (PVS) were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Linear regression and mediation analysis were performed to analyze the relationships among DMV scores, DTI-ALPS index, and CSVD features.

Results:

The DTI-ALPS index was significantly associated with the parietal DMV score ( β = −0.573, p corrected = 0.004). Parietal DMV score was associated with WMH volume ( β = 0.463, p corrected = 0.013) and PVS volume in basal ganglia ( β = 0.415, p corrected = 0.028). Mediation analyses showed that DTI-ALPS index manifested a full mediating effect on the association between parietal DMV score and WMH (indirect effect = 0.115, Pm = 43.1%), as well as between parietal DMV score and PVS volume in basal ganglia (indirect effect = 0.161, Pm = 42.8%).

Conclusion:

Cerebral venous disruption is associated with glymphatic activity, and with WMH and PVS volumes. Our results suggest cerebral venous integrity may play a critical role in preserving perivascular glymphatic activity; while disruption of small veins may impair the perivascular diffusivity, thereby contributing to the development of WMH and PVS enlargement.
The Beowulf Group: Taking the lead to defend Europe
Authors: Walshe Garvan
Published: October 2024

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has exposed divisions in European strategic culture and threat perception. The search for a lowest-common-denominator response to the threat has hampered the European reply to the Russian aggression, often forcing the EU to move at the speed of its slowest member, whether in supplying ammunition and equipment to Ukraine or setting up the defence industry needed to accelerate such a supply in the future. Notwithstanding the importance of keeping a broad coalition together, this article argues that it is now time to create a vanguard of like-minded European nations, led by France, Poland and, though not an EU member, the UK, but open to other states, which can force the creation of a new strategic culture able to meet the Russian threat. This ‘Beowulf Group’, named after the Danish hero from the Anglo-Saxon epic who stood up to the marauding monster Grendel, could establish a Strategic College for Europe, a joint Elite European Reserve Legion and a strategic communications centre, to move European policy in a more active direction.
The implementation of smart continence care for people with disabilities: A qualitative study of key stakeholders’ first-hand experiences
Authors: van Calis Julia FE , van Cooten Vivette JC , Smeets Odile , Naaldenberg Jenneken , Boon Brigitte , Leusink Geraline L , Bevelander Kirsten E
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Innovative technological applications like smart continence care (SCC) offer potential benefits in healthcare delivery, particularly for individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). SCC aims to prompt caregivers to change continence materials, potentially improving clients’ quality of life and reducing caregivers’ workload. Although the use of SCC in PIMD care is promising, research is needed to improve its use in these complex settings. The aim of this study was to reflect on the SCC implementation process in care organizations for people with PIMD.

Methods

Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, caregivers, and SCC project leaders, across four care organizations. Interviews utilized an integrated framework drawing from the centre for eHealth research roadmap and the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability framework, both addressing eHealth implementation. Thematic analysis and open coding were employed to identify key themes and sub-themes in the implementation process.

Results

Four main themes emerged as crucial for successful SCC implementation: creating support, communication between stakeholders, problem-solving, and willingness to adopt SCC. The first three themes were perceived as contributors to the success of SCC implementation, whereas the last theme showed factors impacting willingness to adopt SCC. Early involvement of key stakeholders and clear communication about expectations of their roles was perceived as crucial and created clarity. Adequate problem-solving was identified as influential in SCC utilization and willingness to adopt person-centred continence care.

Conclusion

Implementation of SCC requires changes in the work routines of those involved, and key stakeholders’ early involvement appears to improve support for these changes. Fostering communication between key stakeholders and adequate problem-solving contributes to positive experiences and the perceived success of sustainable implementation. This study offered a rich understanding of day-to-day practices around implementing SCC in disability care organizations. The findings may also be relevant for the implementation of technologies in other care settings.
Planning of a Single Flow Channel in Valve Blocks Based on Additive Manufacturing and the Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Ziyang , Zhang Yuying , Liu Yandong , Li Ying , Kong Xiangdong
Published: October 2024

As electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) technology advances towards lightweight and integration, the demand for enhanced internal flow pathways in hydraulic valve blocks intensifies. However, owing to the constraints imposed by traditional manufacturing processes, conventional hydraulic integrated valve blocks fail to satisfy the demands of a more compact channel layout and lower energy dissipation. Notably, the subjectivity in the arrangement of internal passages results in a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. This study employed additive manufacturing technology and the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves for the meticulous design of internal passages within an aviation EHA valve block. The layout environment for the valve block passages was established, and path optimization was achieved using the ant colony algorithm, complemented by smoothing using B-spline curves. Three-dimensional modeling was performed using SolidWorks software, revealing a 10.03% reduction in volume for the optimized passages compared with the original passages. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using Fluent software, demonstrating that the algorithmically optimized passages effectively prevented the occurrence of vortices at right-angled locations, exhibited superior flow characteristics, and concurrently reduced pressure losses by 34.09%–36.36%. The small discrepancy between the experimental and simulation results validated the efficacy of the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves in optimizing the passage design, offering a viable solution for channel design in additive manufacturing.
Interplay between cannabinoids and the neuroimmune system in migraine
Authors: Zorrilla Erik , Della Pietra Adriana , Russo Andrew F.
Published: October 2024

Migraine is a common and complex neurological disorder that has a high impact on quality of life. Recent advances with drugs that target the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have helped, but treatment options remain insufficient. CGRP is released from trigeminal sensory fibers and contributes to peripheral sensitization, perhaps in part due to actions on immune cells in the trigeminovascular system. In this review, we will discuss the potential of cannabinoid targeting of immune cells as an innovative therapeutic target for migraine treatment. We will cover endogenous endocannabinoids, plant-derived phytocannabinoids and synthetically derived cannabinoids. The focus will be on six types of immune cells known to express multiple cannabinoid receptors: macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells. These cells also contain receptors for CGRP and as such, cannabinoids might potentially modulate the efficacy of current CGRP-targeting drugs. Unfortunately, to date most studies on cannabinoids and immune cells have relied on cell cultures and only a single preclinical study has tested cannabinoid actions on immune cells in a migraine model. Encouragingly, in that study a synthetically created stable chiral analog of an endocannabinoid reduced meningeal mast cell degranulation. Likewise, clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of cannabinoid-based therapies for migraine patients have been limited but are encouraging. Thus, the field is at its infancy and there are significant gaps in our understanding of the impact of cannabinoids on immune cells in migraine. Future research exploring the interactions between cannabinoids and immune cells could lead to more targeted and effective migraine treatments.
Effectiveness of intraosseous access during resuscitation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rijnhout Tim W.H. , Kieft Marin , Klein Willemijn M. , Tan Edward C.T.H.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

During resuscitation in emergency situations, establishing intravascular access is crucial for promptly initiating delivery of fluids, blood, blood products, and medications. In cases of emergency, when intravenous (IV) access proves unsuccessful, intraosseous (IO) access serves as a viable alternative. However, there is a notable lack of information concerning the frequency and efficacy of IO access in acute care settings. This study aims to assess the efficacy of intraosseous (IO) access in acute care settings, especially focusing on children in a level 1 trauma center.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with IO access presented in a level 1 trauma center emergency department (ED) between January 2015 and April 2020. Data regarding medication and fluid infusion was documented, and the clinical success rate was calculated.

Results

Of the 109,548 patients that were admitted to the ED, 25,686 IV lines were inserted. Documentation of 188 patients of which 73 (38.8%) children was complete and used for analysis. In these 188 patients, a total of 232 IO accesses were placed. Overall, 182 patients had a functional IO access (204 needles) (88%). In children (age < 18 years) success rate was lower as compared to adults, 71–84% as compared to 94%. However, univariate regression showed no association between the percentage of functional IO access and gender, age, weight, health care location (prehospital and in hospital), anatomical position (tibia as compared to humerus) or type of injury.

Conclusion

Intraosseous access demonstrates a high success rate for infusion, independent of gender, age, weight, anatomical positioning, or healthcare setting, with minimal complication rates. Caution is especially warranted for children under the age of six months, since success rate was lower.
The effect of diet quality and body mass index on depression in older adults: a growth curve analysis
Authors: Wang Yun-Lin , Wang Yun-Han , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Wong Gloria Hoi Yan , Lum Terry Yat Sang
Published: October 2024

Background

Nutrition not only plays an important role in one’s physical health, but also mental health. The causal association between nutrition and mental health remains unclear. While a healthy dietary pattern may protect one against mental illness, it is also possible that poor mental health could lead to unhealthy eating habits or choices. Furthermore, emerging studies suggest that a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms in older adults, contrasting the effect observed in other populations. With an ageing population, this study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of a healthy dietary pattern, BMI, and other covariates on depressive symptoms in older adults.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study between 2014 and 2017, with each follow-up assessment being one year apart. A total of 2081 participants above 65 years old (M = 79.65, SD = 7.94) completed the baseline assessment in 2014, which included basic demographics, self-reported eating habits, depressive symptoms, and the measurement of height and weight. Distance to supermarkets and fast food was calculated based on participants’ residential addresses. Two growth models were performed to assess the trajectory of change in depressive symptoms over time.

Results

Older adults experienced a significant decrease in depressive symptoms over time (intercept = 2.68, p < .001; slope = -0.25, p < .001). At baseline, a higher diet quality (B = -0.95, p < .001), higher BMI (B = -0.09, p < .001), younger age (B = 0.40, p = .001), being a male (B = 0.76, p < .001), and having fewer chronic diseases (B = 0.39, p < .001) were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Over time, a higher diet quality (B = 0.14, p = .05), higher BMI (B = 0.02, p = .04), and fewer chronic diseases (B = -0.08, p < .001) predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms over time.

Conclusions

A higher diet quality and higher BMI may serve as protective factors for depressive symptoms in older adults. Potential implications are being discussed.