bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AtPCa-Net: anatomical-aware prostate cancer detection network on multi-parametric MRI
Authors: Zheng Haoxin , Hung Alex Ling Yu , Miao Qi , Song Weinan , Scalzo Fabien , Raman Steven S. , Zhao Kai , Sung Kyunghyun
Published: March 2024

Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) is widely used for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Deep learning models show good performance in detecting PCa on mpMRI, but domain-specific PCa-related anatomical information is sometimes overlooked and not fully explored even by state-of-the-art deep learning models, causing potential suboptimal performances in PCa detection. Symmetric-related anatomical information is commonly used when distinguishing PCa lesions from other visually similar but benign prostate tissue. In addition, different combinations of mpMRI findings are used for evaluating the aggressiveness of PCa for abnormal findings allocated in different prostate zones. In this study, we investigate these domain-specific anatomical properties in PCa diagnosis and how we can adopt them into the deep learning framework to improve the model’s detection performance. We propose an anatomical-aware PCa detection Network (AtPCa-Net) for PCa detection on mpMRI. Experiments show that the AtPCa-Net can better utilize the anatomical-related information, and the proposed anatomical-aware designs help improve the overall model performance on both PCa detection and patient-level classification.
Numerical analysis of spray characterization of blends of hydrous ethanol with diesel and biodiesel
Authors: Shanthan Vardelli , Suryawanshi Jiwak , Tarodiya Rahul , Loyte Akshay , Devarajan Yuvarajan , Kaliappan Nandagopal
Published: March 2024

The spray characteristics of a fuel greatly influence the combustion as it affects the formation of an air–fuel mixture, which directly impacts the performance and emissions of the engine. This study investigates the physical injection spray characteristics of biofuels to optimize the engine operating parameters for their effective utilization. For the analysis of the spray characteristics of pure diesel (D100), 80% diesel—20% biodiesel (D80B20), 80% diesel—10% biodiesel—10% pure ethanol (D80B10E10), and 80% diesel—10% biodiesel—10% hydrous ethanol (D80B10HE10) are investigated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of a constant volume chamber under non-evaporative conditions is performed to conduct numerical analysis. The chamber pressure of 2 and 2.5 MPa and nozzle injection diameter of 0.126 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.2 mm are considered to conduct the simulations. The variation in spray penetration length is analyzed and discussed for the injection of different fuel blends at different initial conditions. It is observed from numerical results that the high-density fuel blend D80B20 has a penetration length of 10.695% and 15.805% higher than pure diesel and D80B10HE10 blends, respectively. For pure diesel, with an increase in nozzle diameter from 0.126 mm to 0.15 mm and 0.2 mm, the penetration length is increased by 20% and 32%, respectively, and with an increase in pressure from 2 MPa to 2.5 MPa, penetration length is decreased by 14.62%. From this study, it can be concluded that biofuels like biodiesel and hydrous ethanol can be used with diesel in blended form over pure ethanol. Compared to pure ethanol, hydrous ethanol gives cost benefits and better spray characteristics.
The long noncoding RNA LAL contributes to salinity tolerance by modulating LHCB1s’ expression in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhao Yang , Liu Yafei , Zhang Feiran , Wang Zeng-Yu , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wen Jiangqi , Zhou Chuanen
Published: March 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant in plants, however, their regulatory roles remain unclear in most biological processes, such as response in salinity stress which is harm to plant production. Here we show a lncRNA in Medicago truncatula identified from salt-treated Medicago truncatula is important for salinity tolerance. We name the lncRNA LAL, LncRNAANTISENSE to M. truncatulaLIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING (MtLHCB) genes. LAL is an antisense to four consecutive MtLHCB genes on chromosome 6. In salt-treated M. truncatula, LAL is suppressed in an early stage but induced later; this pattern is opposite to that of the four MtLHCBs. The lal mutants show enhanced salinity tolerance, while overexpressing LAL disrupts this superior tolerance in the lal background, which indicates its regulatory role in salinity response. The regulatory role of LAL on MtLHCB1.4 is further verified by transient co-expression of LAL and MtLHCB1.4-GFP in tobacco leaves, in which the cleavage of MtLHCB1.4 and production of secondary interfering RNA is identified. This work demonstrates a lncRNA, LAL, functioning as a regulator that fine-tunes salinity tolerance via regulating MtLHCB1s’ expression in M. truncatula.
Modulatory effects of noradrenergic and serotonergic signaling pathway on neurovascular coupling
Authors: Renden Robert B. , Institoris Adam , Sharma Kushal , Tran Cam Ha T.
Published: March 2024

Dynamic changes in astrocyte Ca2+ are recognized as contributors to functional hyperemia, a critical response to increased neuronal activity mediated by a process known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). Although the critical role of glutamatergic signaling in this process has been extensively investigated, the impact of behavioral state, and the release of behavior-associated neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, on astrocyte Ca2+ dynamics and functional hyperemia have received less attention. We used two-photon imaging of the barrel cortex in awake mice to examine the role of noradrenergic and serotonergic projections in NVC. We found that both neurotransmitters facilitated sensory stimulation-induced increases in astrocyte Ca2+. Interestingly, while ablation of serotonergic neurons reduced sensory stimulation-induced functional hyperemia, ablation of noradrenergic neurons caused both attenuation and potentiation of functional hyperemia. Our study demonstrates that norepinephrine and serotonin are involved in modulating sensory stimulation-induced astrocyte Ca2+ elevations and identifies their differential effects in regulating functional hyperemia.
Accelerated discovery of molecular nanojunction photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution by using automated screening and flow synthesis
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Yu Miaojie , Liu Tao , Cong Muyu , Liu Xueyan , Yang Haofan , Bai Yang , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Shuo , Gu Hongxu , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhiyun , Wu Yongzhen , Tian He , Li Xiaobo , Zhu Wei-Hong , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: March 2024

Discovering and optimizing multicomponent organic semiconductors is typically a laborious process. High-throughput experimentation can accelerate this, but the results of small-scale screening trials are not always transferable to bulk materials production. Here we report the accelerated discovery of molecular nanojunction photocatalysts based on a combinatorial donor–acceptor molecular library assisted by high-throughput automated screening. The knowledge gained from this high-throughput batch screening is then transferred to a scaled-up, flow-based synthesis process. The scaled-up molecular nanojunction MTPA-CA:CNP147 (3-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid:2,6-bis(4-cyanophenyl)-4-(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile) exhibits a sacrificial hydrogen evolution rate of 330.3 mmol h−1 g−1 with an external quantum efficiency of 80.3% at 350 nm, which are among the highest reported for an organic photocatalyst. A one-dimensional nanofibre architecture is identified for this molecular nanojunction, which exhibits efficient charge separation. Electronic structure–property correlations across the photocatalyst library show that a moderate binding energy between the donor and the acceptor molecules is a potential factor for efficient molecular nanojunction formation.
The influence of the 2021 European flooding on pro-environmental attitudes and partial behaviour transition
Authors: Bulut Hamid , Samuel Robin
Published: March 2024

One of the reasons why people do not act pro-environmentally might be a lack of experience with the consequences of climate change. Studies have shown that higher levels of environmental attitudes and more environmentally friendly behaviours have been observed among people affected by extreme weather events. It is unclear, however, whether the events caused the changes or whether the affected people simply differed in their characteristics from those who were unaffected. We draw on a natural experiment to examine the causal link between flooding experiences, pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour using national survey data collected from 2058 individuals aged 16-29 years across Luxembourg. After people experienced the 2021 European flooding, their pro-environmental attitudes increased significantly. The effect was stronger in regions that were more affected by floods. Higher levels of environmental attitudes partly translated into greater willingness to act in a pro-environmental way. The results have important implications for advancing efforts to address climate change by demonstrating links between extreme weather events attributed to climate change and higher levels of environmental attitudes.
Metamaterial-based passive analog processor for wireless vibration sensing
Authors: Zhang Dajun , Polamarasetty Akhil , Shahid Muhammad Osama , Krishnaswamy Bhuvana , Ma Chu
Published: March 2024

Real-time, low-cost, and wireless mechanical vibration monitoring is necessary for industrial applications to track the operation status of equipment, environmental applications to proactively predict natural disasters, as well as day-to-day applications such as vital sign monitoring. Despite this urgent need, existing solutions, such as laser vibrometers, commercial Wi-Fi devices, and cameras, lack wide practical deployment due to their limited sensitivity and functionality. Here we proposed a fully passive, metamaterial-based vibration processing device, fabricated prototypes working at different frequencies ranging from 5 Hz to 285 Hz, and verified that the device can improve the sensitivity of wireless vibration measurement methods by more than ten times when attached to vibrating surfaces. Additionally, the device realizes an analog real-time vibration filtering/labeling effect, and the device also provides a platform for surface editing, which adds more functionalities to the current non-contact sensing systems. Finally, the working frequency of the device is widely adjustable over orders of magnitudes, broadening its applicability to different applications, such as structural health diagnosis, disaster warning, and vital signal monitoring.
Insight into the liposomal encapsulation of mono and bis-naphthalimides
Authors: Dauda Abdullahi Magaji , Swift Thomas , Telford Richard , Abd El-wahab Hend A. A. , Danta Chhanda Charan , Pors Klaus , Ruiz Amalia
Published: March 2024

The characteristics of the lipid bilayer and the loading method influence the encapsulation efficacy, colloidal properties, photoactivity and stability of mono and bis-naphthalimides loaded in a liposomal carrier.
Construction of a new membrane bed biofilm reactor and yttria-stabilized zirconia for removing heavy metal pollutants
Authors: Jahandust Maryam , Esmaeili Akbar
Published: March 2024

We construct a membrane bed biofilm reactor combined with yttria-stabilized zirconia to remove heavy metal Pb from wastewater.
Aqueous alkaline phosphate facilitates the non-exchangeable deuteration of peptides and proteins
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Jin Zhixiong , Zhao Heng , Lai Can , Liu Zheyi , Luo Pan , Dong Zhe , Wang Fangjun
Published: March 2024

The incorporation of deuterium into peptides and proteins holds broad applications across various fields, such as drug development and structural characterization.
Shape memory and self-healing in a molecular crystal with inverse temperature symmetry breaking
Authors: Meng Jiantao , Su Yuan , Zhu Hang , Cai Ting
Published: March 2024

Mechanically responsive molecular crystals of the pharmaceutical compound penciclovir have been reported, demonstrating ferroelasticity, superelasticity, shape memory, and self-healing, all attributed to cooperative molecular displacement.
Structural evolution and lithium-storage mechanism of the FeTiO3@Fe2TiO5 endogenous heterojunction
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Ye , Wang Xiaohuan , Kang Huijun , Shi Zhiming , Ji Guojun , Yuan Zhipeng
Published: March 2024

By constructing endogenous heterojunction, an internal electric field was formed at the interface, which can promote the carrier migration and make FeTiO3@Fe2TiO5/GO anode material obtain excellent electrochemical performance.
Effectiveness and limitation of the performance prediction of perovskite solar cells by process informatics
Authors: Fukasawa Ryo , Asahi Toru , Taniguchi Takuya
Published: March 2024

Machine learning on perovskite photovoltaics reveals the relative importance of material and process information, while data degeneracy limits prediction accuracy.
Insulin resistance, combined with health-related lifestyles, psychological traits and adverse cardiometabolic profiles, is associated with cardiovascular diseases: findings from the BHMC study
Authors: Yin Tao , Chen Shuo , Zhu Yingying , Kong Linrun , Li Qiang , Zhang Guohong , He Huijing
Published: March 2024

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of insulin resistance; however, its combined impact with modifiable lifestyle risk factors and psychological traits on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear.
Understanding the synthesis mechanism, chemical structures and optical properties of aromatic carbon nitride
Authors: Wang Yunhu , Dai Fangxu , Tao Yafei , Zhang Kai , Li Bingjie , Zhang Mingming , Liu Kang , Xu Jixiang , Wang Lei , Xing Jun
Published: March 2024

The chemical structures and optical properties of aromatic carbon nitride and intermediates have been systematically studied; hereby the detailed synthesis mechanism of aromatic carbon nitride is explicitly proposed.
Impact of length of branched alkyl side chains on thiazolothiazole-based small molecular acceptors in non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Peng Wenhong , Xiong Jiyu , Chen Tao , Zhao Dong , Liu Jinran , Zhang Ning , Teng Yefang , Yu Junting , Zhu Weiguo
Published: March 2024

Reducing alkyl length slightly in thiazolothiazole acceptors significantly affects solubility, leading to decreased performance. Our findings indicate a high sensitivity of this types of acceptor solubility to alkyl side chains.
Flexible micro/nanopatterned pressure tactile sensors: technologies, morphology and applications
Authors: Wang Lihong , Liu Jiaxu , Qi Xiangjun , Zhang Xueji , Wang Hang , Tian Mingwei , Qu Lijun
Published: March 2024

Summarizing various high-performance pressure tactile sensors based on various microstructures, which can play an indispensable role in healthcare, intelligent robots and human-machine interfaces.
Design and Efficacy of a Data Lake Architecture for Multimodal Emotion Feature Extraction in Social Media
Authors: Fan Yuanyuan , Mi Xifeng
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of social media, the demand for precise sentiment analysis (SA) on multimodal data has become increasingly pivotal. This paper introduces a sophisticated data lake architecture tailored for efficient multimodal emotion feature extraction, addressing the challenges posed by diverse data types. The proposed framework encompasses a robust storage solution and an innovative SA model, multilevel spatial attention fusion (MLSAF), adept at handling text and visual data concurrently. The data lake architecture comprises five layers, facilitating real‐time and offline data collection, storage, processing, standardized interface services, and data mining analysis. The MLSAF model, integrated into the data lake architecture, utilizes a novel approach to SA. It employs a text‐guided spatial attention mechanism, fusing textual and visual features to discern subtle emotional interplays. The model’s end‐to‐end learning approach and attention modules contribute to its efficacy in capturing nuanced sentiment expressions. Empirical evaluations on established multimodal sentiment datasets, MVSA‐Single and MVSA‐Multi, validate the proposed methodology’s effectiveness. Comparative analyses with state‐of‐the‐art models showcase the superior performance of our approach, with an accuracy improvement of 6% on MVSA‐Single and 1.6% on MVSA‐Multi. This research significantly contributes to optimizing SA in social media data by offering a versatile and potent framework for data management and analysis. The integration of MLSAF with a scalable data lake architecture presents a strategic innovation poised to navigate the evolving complexities of social media data analytics.
Trajectory optimization for maximization of energy efficiency with dynamic cluster and wireless power for UAV‐assisted maritime communication
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Jiao Hengyuan , Gao Qinghe , Wu Yue , Jing Tao , Qian Jin
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, the digital development of marine ranching requires a communication system with wide coverage, high transmission rate and stable communication links. It is known that fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have great advantages in long‐range applications. They have the potential to serve as low‐altitude communication platforms for maritime communication. In this study, with a developmental perspective, considering the intense growth of marine terminals in the future, a new clustering algorithm applied to cluster nonorthogonal multiple access (C‐NOMA) is proposed and its advantages are investigated. In addition, considering the limited energy of marine terminals, combining the wireless power communication (WPC) technology for the UAV to charge terminals, the charging and communication time are optimized with the Lagrange multiplier method and the bisection search method. After completing the above optimization content of charging and communication, combined with the optimization results, it is found the trajectory that maximizes the energy efficiency of the UAV with the convex optimization technique. Experimental results show that the proposed clustering algorithm has good throughput performance, better fairness and lower algorithm complexity, and the proposed trajectory optimization scheme has better energy efficiency.
Integrating the circular economy model into the management and treatment of Fischer–Tropsch effluents—a conversion of waste to energy (biogas) opportunity
Authors: Moreroa Mabatho , Malematja Thapelo P. , Ijoma Grace Nkechinyere
Published: March 2024

The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process converts coal, biomass, or natural gas into liquid hydrocarbons via syngas generation and catalytic conversion. However, FT produces byproducts and effluents with substantial environmental consequences. This review explores the circular economy model's potential as a sustainable wastewater management strategy for FT effluent management. Furthermore, the paper investigates ameliorative measures to overcome the limitations of one biological treatment method, anaerobic digestion of FT effluents by examining the combination of nutrient augmentation, microbial augmentation, and enrichment from the integration of wastes derived from other industrial sectors as pivotal to the implementation of circular economics modelling in FT effluents valuation. This approach to the circular economy model can help overcome the environmental concerns posed by FT effluents in its advocacy of resource sharing, reuse, and recycling. This review also promotes circular economy principles to improve resource recovery, recycling, and collaboration with other industrial sectors, such as agriculture and mining, with FT application industries to create a more sustainable economy and reduce their environmental footprints. However, since the chemical compositions of wastes vary with location and other parameters, future case studies should optimize the waste mixtures to determine the optimal balance before valorizing them.
Few‐shot learning for satellite characterisation from synthetic inverse synthetic aperture radar images
Authors: Heslinga Friso G. , Uysal Faruk , van Rooij Sabina B. , Berberich Sven , Caro Cuenca Miguel
Published: March 2024

Space situational awareness systems primarily focus on detecting and tracking space objects, providing crucial positional data. However, understanding the complex space domain requires characterising satellites, often involving estimation of bus and solar panel sizes. While inverse synthetic aperture radar allows satellite visualisation, developing deep learning models for substructure segmentation in inverse synthetic aperture radar images is challenging due to the high costs and hardware requirements. The authors present a framework addressing the scarcity of inverse synthetic aperture radar data through synthetic training data. The authors approach utilises a few‐shot domain adaptation technique, leveraging thousands of rapidly simulated low‐fidelity inverse synthetic aperture radar images and a small set of inverse synthetic aperture radar images from the target domain. The authors validate their framework by simulating a real‐case scenario, fine‐tuning a deep learning‐based segmentation model using four inverse synthetic aperture radar images generated through the backprojection algorithm from simulated raw radar data (simulated at the analogue‐to‐digital converter level) as the target domain. The authors results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, significantly improving inverse synthetic aperture radar image segmentation across diverse domains. This enhancement enables accurate characterisation of satellite bus and solar panel sizes as well as their orientation, even when the images are sourced from different domains.
Advancing MRI capacitors: Design, fabrication, and characterization
Authors: Jebri Zaineb , Ali Mahfoudh Taleb , Juergen Nistler
Published: March 2024

In today's healthcare landscape, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, the quest for higher frequencies to achieve micron‐level resolutions poses technological challenges. This paper focuses on coils and capacitors, with special attention to air gap considerations for movable electrodes. The paper delves into the development of adjustable capacitors using high‐fired NP0 ceramic, tailored for 128‐MHz MRI systems. These capacitors boast impressive specs: a 3‐kV breakdown voltage (VBreakdown), a 3‐pF minimum capacitance (Cmin), a 30‐pF maximum capacitance (CMax), and a 1.5‐pF stepwise capacitance variation (Cvariation step). Notably, they enhance breakdown voltage while preserving frequency stability with MgTiCa ceramic between the fixed and mobile electrode, critical for adaptive blocks. Leveraging geometrical parameters analyzed through the ANSYS simulator, the authors meticulously designed an optimized 25–40 pF capacitor with a 15‐mm height and 1600 mm2 surface area. Post‐fabrication and sintering, extensive testing using a vector network analyzer across 10 MHz to 100 MHz validated performance against simulated expectations.
Improving the open cluster census
Authors: Hunt Emily L. , Reffert Sabine
Published: March 2024

Context.The census of open clusters has exploded in size thanks to data from theGaiasatellite. However, it is likely that many of these reported clusters are not gravitationally bound, making the open cluster census impractical for many scientific applications.

Aims.We aim to test different physically motivated methods for distinguishing between bound and unbound clusters, using them to create a cleaned star cluster catalogue.

Methods.We derived completeness-corrected photometric masses for 6956 clusters from our earlier work. Then, we used these masses to compute the size of the Roche surface of these clusters (their Jacobi radius) and distinguish between bound and unbound clusters.

Results.We find that only 5647 (79%) of the clusters from our previous catalogue are compatible with bound open clusters, dropping to just 11% of clusters within 250 pc. Our catalogue contains 3530 open clusters in a more strongly cut high-quality sample of objects. The moving groups in our sample show different trends in their size as a function of age and mass, suggesting that they are unbound and undergoing different dynamical processes. Our cluster mass measurements constitute the largest catalogue of Milky Way cluster masses to date, which we also use for further science. Firstly, we inferred the mass-dependent completeness limit of the open cluster census, showing that the census is complete within 1.8 kpc only for objects heavier than 230M⊙. Next, we derived a completeness-corrected age and mass function for our open cluster catalogue, including estimating that the Milky Way contains a total of 1.3 × 105open clusters, only ∼4% of which are currently known. Finally, we show that most open clusters have mass functions compatible with the Kroupa initial mass function.

Conclusions.We demonstrate Jacobi radii for distinguishing between bound and unbound star clusters, and publish an updated star cluster catalogue with masses and improved cluster classifications.
Length–weight relationships of the French pikes Esox spp. (Teleostei, Esocidae)
Authors: Royer Lucas , Teletchea Fabrice , Delavergne Sophie , Lafitte Frédéric , Escarpit Marion , Molina Quentin , Breugnot Emilie , Cosson Eddy , L'Hostis Aurélia , Denys Gaël P.J.
Published: March 2024

Length–weight relationships for Pike Esox aquitanicus and Esox lucius from France are provided. A total of 9070 specimens were collected, measured and weighted from 1981 to 2022 throughout France by Departmental Angling Federations and the French Agency of Biodiversity during their survey by electrofishing. For all species, the values of b are 2.960 for E. aquitanicus and 2.987 for Esox lucius. We hypothetize this difference by the poor environment where live the Aquitanian pike with no abundant available food and small prey fish species which do not contribute to good conditions for the growth. The study provides the first reference of length–weight relationships for E. aquitanicus.
Clinician Needs for Electronic Health Record Pediatric and Adolescent Weight Management Tools: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Braddock Amy S. , Bosworth K. Taylor , Ghosh Parijat , Proffitt Rachel , Flowers Lauren , Montgomery Emma , Wilson Gwendolyn , Tosh Aneesh K. , Koopman Richelle J.
Published: March 2024

Background Clinicians play an important role in addressing pediatric and adolescent obesity, but their effectiveness is restricted by time constraints, competing clinical demands, and the lack of effective electronic health record (EHR) tools. EHR tools are rarely developed with provider input.

Objectives We conducted a mixed method study of clinicians who provide weight management care to children and adolescents to determine current barriers for effective care and explore the role of EHR weight management tools to overcome these barriers.

Methods In this mixed-methods study, we conducted three 1-hour long virtual focus groups at one medium-sized academic health center in Missouri and analyzed the focus group scripts using thematic analysis. We sequentially conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of a survey emailed to pediatric and family medicine primary care clinicians (n = 52) at two private and two academic health centers in Missouri.

Results Surveyed clinicians reported that they effectively provided health behavior lifestyle counseling at well-child visits (mean of 60 on a scale of 1–100) and child obesity visits (63); however, most felt the current health care system (27) and EHR tools (41) do not adequately support pediatric weight management. Major themes from the clinician focus groups were that EHR weight management tools should display data in a way that (1) improves clinical efficiency, (2) supports patient-centered communication, (3) improves patient continuity between visits, and (4) reduces documentation burdens. An additional theme was (5) clinicians trust patient data entered in real time over patient recalled data.

Conclusion Study participants report that the health care system status quo and currently available EHR tools do not sufficiently support clinicians working to manage pediatric or adolescent obesity and provide health behavior counseling. Clinician input in the development and testing of EHR weight management tools provides opportunities to address barriers, inform content, and improve efficiencies of EHR use.
Terahertz radar with all-dielectric leaky-wave antenna
Authors: Lees Harrison , Headland Daniel , Murakami Shuichi , Fujita Masayuki , Withayachumnankul Withawat
Published: March 2024

Terahertz radars based on leaky-wave antennas are promising for the realization of radar systems with high resolution over short ranges. This type of radar relies on spatial frequency mapping to realize a wide field of view without mechanical actuation or electrical beam steering. Previously, integrated leaky-wave antennas based on metallic wave confinement have been implemented, but the high ohmic losses limit the realized antenna gain, which is essential for extending the range of such a system when limited power is available. Here, we demonstrate an all-dielectric leaky-wave antenna fabricated monolithically from silicon and then apply leaky-wave radar techniques to realize a terahertz radar system capable of real-time data acquisition. Through this all-dielectric approach, we can avoid metallic losses, achieving an experimentally measured maximum realized gain of 25 dBi and a 34.3° 3-dB field-of-view while utilizing established and scalable fabrication techniques essential for the wide-spread adoption of terahertz technologies. We foresee this technique being applied to a variety of real-time radar applications, and here we demonstrate two potential use-cases: multi-object tracking and differentiation of liquids.
Talking about the deceased in the Jish linguaculture
Authors: Habib Sandy
Published: March 2024

This paper has aimed to look into the terms and expressions used in the Jish linguaculture when talking about the
deceased. Seventeen such terms and expressions are presented, discussed, and explicated using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage
(NSM) approach. The explications appear in simple, (semi-)universal language, which makes them relatively easily understood and
readily translatable into any language. This, in turn, means that the explications are accessible by linguacultural insiders and
outsiders. In addition, the study provides anthropologists and linguists with precise analysis owing to its micro-level focus; it
investigates the micro-linguaculture of Jish, which belongs to the macro-culture of the Arab world. Lastly, the study documents one
aspect of this undocumented linguaculture; this documentation can preserve one part of this linguaculture from fading into
oblivion.
Sub-miniature rolling thrust micro-bearing
Authors: Michałowski Marcin , Kusznierewicz Zbigniew , Łuczak Sergiusz , Chańko Artur , Samsel Mateusz , Pieńczuk Paweł
Published: March 2024

The original design of the smallest two-way rolling thrust micro-bearing with sub-millimeter dimensions is presented. The bearing is self-contained and is capable of transmitting thrust load up to about 8 N in two directions, as well as radial loads up to about 0.4 N. Thanks to special design of the raceways, operation without lubrication is possible. The scope of experimental study is discussed, and preliminary experimental results are reported. Ways of further miniaturization are suggested.
Quantum exchange symmetry induces charge diffusion and trapping in ultracold gases
Authors: Niranjan M , Joshi N , Pandey A , Dulieu O , Côté Robin , Rangwala S A
Published: March 2024

For a homonuclear ion-atom system, we show that the exchange symmetry leads to special outcomes for ion transport that manifest themselves in ultracold experiments. We compute the two body charge hopping probabilities and rates, which are used to model charge hopping in the dynamics of an ultracold

6

/

7

Li+ ion immersed within an ultracold gas of

6

/

7

Li atoms at micro-Kelvin temperatures. We show that the charge hopping and collisional diffusion compete, giving unique results leading to charge trapping in regions of high atomic density gradient. These investigations in ion-atom systems open a new approach to probe quantum phenomena in various systems with exchange symmetry.
Modulation transfer spectroscopy of the
D1
transition of potassium: theory and experiment
Authors: Innes A D , Majumder P , Noh H R , Cornish S L
Published: March 2024

We report on a study of modulation transfer spectroscopy of the

4

S

1

/

2

→
4

P

1

/

2

(D1) transition of naturally abundant potassium in a room-temperature vapour cell. This transition is critical for laser cooling and optical pumping of potassium and our study is therefore motivated by the need for robust laser frequency stabilisation. Despite the absence of a closed transition, the small ground-state hyperfine splitting in potassium results in strong crossover features in the D1 modulation transfer spectrum. To emphasise this we compare the D1 and D2 spectra of potassium with those of rubidium. Further, we compare our experimental results with a detailed theoretical simulation, examining different pump–probe polarisation configurations to identify the optimal signals for laser frequency stabilisation. We find good agreement between the experiment and the theory, especially for the

lin
∥
lin

polarisation configuration.
Creating spatial doughnut-spot arrays and double-helix focal fields with prescribed characteristics
Authors: Xie Zhixiong , Yu Yanzhong , Zeng Yongxi , Chen Musheng , Zhan Qiwen
Published: March 2024

Spatially controllable focal fields play a pivotal role in light manipulation and provide significant opportunities for precisely manipulating light–matter interactions in a wide range of applications. In particular, the double-helix focal field—characterized by a distinctive helical structure—exhibits exceptional optical properties, thus differentiating it apart from conventional focal fields. However, the rapid construction of a double-helix focal field with controllable characteristics and a uniform intensity remains a challenging task. Based on the theory of pattern synthesis of an antenna array, we propose and realize the generation of three-dimensional doughnut-spot arrays and double-helix focal fields with specified characteristics in a 4π system by reverse-solving the radiation field of the virtual antenna. Numerical examples indicate that the desired novel focal fields, including features such as shape, orientation, length, and period, could be rapidly, conveniently, and flexibly customized by selecting appropriate parameters for the magnetic dipole array antennas. This method could reveal an avenue for enhanced light manipulation for applications in materials processing, optical lithography, and optical communications.
Reconfigurable high-order exceptional points in coupled optical parametric oscillators for enhanced sensing
Authors: Guo Zehui , Xie Zhihao , Li Zhenhua , Li Tao
Published: March 2024

Non-Hermitian systems around exceptional points (EPs) demonstrate increased sensitivity as the EP order increases. We propose a protocol for constructing a reconfigurable non-Hermitian system consisting of three coupled optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and demonstrate its enhanced sensitivity around EPs. The coupled OPO system exhibits reconfigurable high-order EPs and corresponding-order enhanced sensitivity (i.e. fourth and sixth order) when it is subjected to pump modulation. Furthermore, the coupled OPO system can synthesize directly a Floquet non-Hermitian system by introducing periodic pump modulation, and can achieve a tunable second-order Floquet EP without periodic modulation of the coupling rates. The convenient flexibility of the coupled OPO system allows it to operate at EPs of different orders and customize a Floquet EP by manipulating the pump parameters. Our protocol can thus contribute to the development of high-performance sensors and precision measurement devices by exploring the unique features of non-Hermitian systems around various EPs.
Metasurface-based sensor with terahertz molecular fingerprint enhancement in trace additives identification
Authors: Xue Ying , Zhang Shan , Lin Jie , Wang Weijin , Chai Zizhao , Sun Mingjun , Shi Yanpeng , Zhang Yifei
Published: March 2024

Terahertz (THz) wave has gained considerable interest in biosensing with its unique spectral fingerprint characteristics. However, limited sensitivity confines its applications in trace-amount identification. In this article, a magnetic dipole metamaterial for strengthening molecular fingerprint in virtue of angle-scanning strategy is proposed, which is carefully designed by elaborately arranging symmetric condition of the dipole structures. The physical mechanism is elucidated by the finite-difference time-domain method. In virtue of manipulating the incident angle, the signal of molecular fingerprint is outstandingly elevated. Consequently, three kinds of food additives including azodicarbonamide, sorbic acid and melamine can be simultaneously detected, and the corresponding identification limits are as low as 1.65

μ

g

c

m

−

2

, 1.20

μ

g

c

m

−

2

and 1.66

μ

g

c

m

−

2

, respectively. Our work offers a new train of thought in identifying trace-amount food additives and paves the way for more practical applications of THz wave in food industry.
Orientation of graphene nanosheets in suspension under an electric field: theoretical model and molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Dong Yu-Xia , Zhang Zi-Tong , Zhang Xu-Dong , Cao Bing-Yang
Published: March 2024

Orientation regulation of nanoparticles in a suspension by an electric field is a powerful tool to tune its mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical properties etc. However, how molecular modification can affect the orientation of two-dimensional nanoparticles is still unclear. In this paper, the influence of molecular modification on the orientation of graphene nanosheets (GNS) in water was investigated through theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, a new orientation angle model was proposed, which considers hydration effects, dipole moments and resistance torque. Then, MD simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of position, direction, type, and number of functional groups on the orientation of GNS. The trend observed in MD simulations is consistent with the proposed theoretical model. The results reveal that, under the combined influence of the dipole moment and hydration effects, the modification with hydrophilic functional groups can reduce the orientation angle from 21.31° to 8.34°, while the modification with hydrophobic functional groups increases it to 26.43°. Among the hydrophilic functional groups, orientation of hydroxylated GNS is the best. With an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups, orientation angle is decreased from 12.61° to 8.34°. This work can provide valuable guidance for the design of high-performance suspensions and composites, such as thermal smart materials with adjustable thermal conductivity and intelligent devices with tailored capabilities.
Possible charge ordering and anomalous transport in graphene/graphene quantum dot heterostructure
Authors: Roy Rajarshi , Holec David , Michal Lukáš , Hemzal Dušan , Sarkar Saikat , Sandeep Kumar Gundam , Nečas David , Dhankhar Meena , Kaushik Preeti , Jénnifer Gómez I , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: March 2024

Observations of superconductivity and charge density waves (CDW) in graphene have been elusive thus far due to weak electron–phonon coupling (EPC) interactions. Here, we report a unique observation of anomalous transport and multiple charge ordering phases at high temperatures (

T

1

∼
213

K

,

T

2

∼
325

K

) in a 0D−2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure comprising of single layer graphene (SLG) and functionalized (amine) graphene quantum dots (GQD). The presence of functionalized GQD contributed to charge transfer with shifting of the Dirac point ∼ 0.05 eV above the Fermi level (ab initio   simulations) and carrier density

n
∼
−
0.3
×

10

12

 

cm

−
2

confirming p-doping in SLG and two-fold increase in EPC interaction was achieved. Moreover, we elucidate the interplay between electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions to substantiate high temperature EPC driven charge ordering in the heterostructure through analyses of magnetotransport and weak anti-localization (WAL) framework. Our results provide impetus to investigate strongly correlated phenomena such as CDW and superconducting phase transitions in novel graphene based heterostructures.
A high-sensitive anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor based on hybrid Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al multilayer structure
Authors: Zhuo Jiayue , Liu Peiyuan , Feng Yongjian , Zhang Jianhuan , Zhang Chentao
Published: March 2024

High sensitivity is crucial for anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors in industrial applications. In this paper, a high- sensitive AMR sensor based on magnetoresistive thin films with Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al four-layer structure is proposed and fabricated. Firstly, the structural parameters were optimized by finite element analysis. Secondly, thin film samples and AMR sensors were prepared. Through the analysis and characterization of reluctance change rate, hysteresis loop, x-ray diffraction and surface morphology and structure, the process parameters were optimized. Finally, the sensor was connected to the designed external circuit, and its technical parameters were tested in a magnetic field test system. The results show that the prepared AMR sensor performs well. It has a high sensitivity of 1.27 mV/V/Oe, a low bridge offset voltage of ±1.64 mV V−1, and a low temperature coefficient of sensitivity of −0.102%/°C. The results contribute to the future development of AMR magnetic field sensor chips.
Decoupled magnetic control of spherical tokamak divertors via vacuum harmonic constraints
Authors: Bardsley O P , Baker J L , Vincent C
Published: March 2024

Power exhaust is a critical challenge for spherical tokamak reactors, making the design, optimisation and control of advanced divertor configurations crucial. These tasks are greatly simplified if the poloidal magnetic fields in the core and divertor regions can be varied independently. We present a novel method which facilitates decoupling of the core plasma equilibrium from the divertor geometry optimisation and control, using vacuum spherical harmonic (SH) constraints. This has the advantage that it avoids iterative solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation, making it easy to use, rapid and reliable. By comparing a large number of MAST-U equilibrium reconstructions against their approximations using SHs, a small number (

∼

4

) of harmonics is found to be sufficient to closely reproduce the plasma boundary shape. We show experimentally that poloidal field changes designed to leave harmonics unaffected indeed have no effect on the core plasma shape. When augmented with divertor geometry constraints, this approach gives a powerful tool for creating advanced magnetic configurations, and its simplicity brings improvements in speed and robustness when solving coil position optimisation problems. We discuss the clear benefits to real-time feedback control, feed-forward scenario design and coilset optimisation with a view to future reactors.
Spatially- and time-resolved measurements of HO2 radicals in a ns pulse atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Telfah Hamzeh , Raskar Sai , Adamovich Igor V
Published: March 2024

The absolute, spatially-resolved, and time-resolved number density of the hydroperoxyl radical is measured in a quasi-two-dimensional, atmospheric pressure ‘curtain’ plasma jet powered by a train of ns discharge pulses. The spatial distribution of HO2 is measured across the shorter dimension of the jet. The measurements are made in two different configurations, (a) H2O–O2–He jet impinging on a copper foil target, and (b) O2–He jet incident on the liquid water surface. In the first configuration, the water vapor is added to the O2–He flow in a bubbler filled with distilled, deionized water. The measurements are made using the previously developed pulsed cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic near 1.5 μm. The ring-down cavity is formed between two high-reflectivity mirrors placed at the ends of the stainless steel ‘arms’ purged with dry air, with the plasma jet placed in the gap between the arms. The objectives of this work are to use the HO2 number density to assess the accuracy of the modeling predictions using a previously developed ‘global’ reaction mechanism, and to estimate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation in the ns pulse discharge plasma. HO2 was detected only in the first configuration, most likely due to the rapid decay of the metastable He atoms and O atoms generated in the plasma, which prevents the generation of H atoms (dominant HO2 precursors) in the evaporation/mixing layer. Both the water vapor in the jet and HO2 generated in the plasma have been measured. The results exhibit a rapid accumulation of HO2 during the ns pulse discharge burst, followed by the decay in the afterglow on a ms time scale. The kinetic model overpredicts the quasi-steady-state HO2 number density, as well as the HO2 decay rate after the discharge is turned off. The relatively slow HO2 decay in the afterglow suggests that it may be affected by diffusion, along with the surface adsorption and desorption of radicals. The present approach demonstrates the utility of a 2D curtain plasma jet for the line-of-sight absorption spectroscopy measurements of radicals and excited species present in small concentrations in ambient plasma environments.
Dual-stage theoretical model of magnetorheological dampers and experimental verification
Authors: Lei Bingyue , Li Jiahao , Zhou Wei , Shou Mengjie , Zhao Feng , Liao Changrong
Published: March 2024

The theoretical model for predicting the damping characteristics of magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) not only facilitates the optimization of MRD parameters, but also provides assistance for the theoretical design of MRDs. However, some existing models have limitations in fully characterizing the damping characteristics of MRDs. In this paper, the working stage of MRDs was categorized into yield and pre-yield stages based on whether the internal magnetorheological fluid attains the dynamic shear yield state or not, and the Herschel–Bulkley model with pre-yield viscosity (HBPV) and improved polynomial model (IPOL) were employed to respectively characterize the yield and pre-yield stages of MRDs. Subsequently, the HBPV-IPOL model was proposed to characterize the complete damping characteristics of MRDs in low-frequency vibration conditions, with considering the local loss effect of the fluid in the model. To accurately characterize the magnetic induction intensity in the MRD damping channel, employing the steady-state finite element method for magnetic field analysis; on this basis, dividing the damping channel to investigate the variation trends of the magnetic induction intensity in different regions. Simultaneously, the zero-field region hypothesis was proposed to quantitatively consider the influence of minute magnetic induction intensity in the traditional zero-field regions on the damping characteristics of MRDs. Finally, integrating the impact trends of currents in different regions, and employing the HBPV model to determine the impact magnitude of each region within the damping channel on the damping characteristics of the MRD in the yield stage. In the pre-yield stage, polynomial curves were fitted to experimental damping force–velocity curves, and the obtained polynomials were employed to predict the damping characteristics. Extensive experiments have been conducted on MRD samples to assess the predictive performance of the model on MRD damping characteristics under sinusoidal displacement excitation vibration conditions with different excitation currents, vibration frequencies and vibration amplitudes.