bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Striving for Simple but Effective Advice for Comparing the Central Tendency of Two Populations
Authors: Ruxton Graeme , Neuhäuser Markus
Published: March 2019

Nguyen et al. (2016) offered advice to researchers in the commonly-encountered situation where they are interested in testing for a difference in central tendency between two populations. Their data and the available literature support very simple advice that strikes the best balance between ease of implementation, power and reliability. Specifically, apply Satterthwaite’s test, with preliminary ranking of the data if a strong deviation from normality is expected, or is suggested by visual inspection of the data. This simple guideline will serve well except when dealing with small samples of discrete data, when more sophisticated treatment may be required.
ϕ-Divergence Loss-Based Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Salamwade R. L. , Sakate D. M. , Mathur S. K.
Published: March 2019

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can fit non-linear functions and recognize patterns better than several standard techniques. Performance of ANNs is measured by using loss functions. Phi-divergence estimator is generalization of maximum likelihood estimator and it possesses all its properties. A neural network is proposed which is trained using phi-divergence loss.
Mielitis parcial excéntrica como primera manifestación de trastornos del espectro de neuromyelitis óptica: presentación de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Díaz Cindy , Rivera Diego M. , Zarco Luis Alfonso , Vasco Vanesa
Published: March 2019

El entendimiento de las caracteristicas clínicas del espectro de trastornos de Neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD) con mielitis parcial y neuritis óptica típica ha ampliado el diagnóstico en casos atípicos. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años que debuta con neuritis óptica atípica y mielitis parcial. Resonancia magnética cerebral y órbitas con realce de nervio óptico, quiasma óptico y tracto óptico derecho, de columna cervical y torácica contrastada con mielitis parcial a nivel C4 y T2. Fue tratada con bolos de metilprednisolona y plasmaferesis, con buena respuesta clínica. Se realizó anticuerpos aquaporina 4 sérico positivos.
Performance in financial services: Does institutional ownership matter?
Authors: Wang Ping , Barrese James , Pooser David
Published: March 2019

Institutional investor ownership has often been considered a corporate governance variable, typically used to proxy those investors’ ability to influence managers and to expropriate wealth from smaller shareholders. Large institutional investors have developed common holdings across numerous firms within industries. We consider the effects of institutional investor ownership on the performance of banks and insurance companies. Using a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model with firm- and year-fixed effects, we find strong statistical relation between performance and individual firm’s ownership stakes by Blackrock, Inc. and Fidelity Investments. Moreover, we find a positive and statistically significant relation between performance and the percentage of the industry’s equity owned by the Blackrock, Fidelity, State Street and Vanguard. The findings suggest that organizations like Blackrock are successful in obtaining long-term returns by exerting influence over the management of their invested firms, which is consistent with recent statements by the CEO of Blackrock but is also consistent with a “bet on the winners” strategy.
Analisis Kualitas Citra Hasil Reduksi Noise Menggunakan Spatial Median Filter dan Adaptive Fuzzy Filter Terhadap Variasi Kedalaman Citra
Authors: Pardosi Irpan Adiputra , Lubis Ali Akbar
Published: March 2019

Algoritma reduksi noise salt pada citra mampu mengurangi sebagian atau keseluruhan noise, tapi berdampak pada keragaman informasi dan kualitas citra. Persentase noise yang lebih besar juga membuat perubahan yang besar pada citra, namun hasilnya dapat berbeda untuk citra dengan kedalaman bit yang berbeda-beda. Kemampuan algoritma reduksi noise mampu bekerja maksimal untuk noise di bawah 20%. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai proses reduksi noise citra diantaranya menggunakan algoritma Adaptive Fuzzy Filter (AFF) dan Spatial Median Filter (SMF) yang mampu menghilangkan noise. Keduanya mampu mereduksi noise dengan hasil maksimal di bawah 45% pada citra 8 bit, namun menyisakan beberapa noise. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji kinerja algoritma dan dampaknya terhadap citra dengan noise yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini khusus mengatasi noise jenis salt and pepper dengan persentase noise di atas 45% pada citra warna bitmap. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis citra hasil mulai dari kualitas citra dan keragaman informasi setelah proses reduksi noise dengan menggunakan Algoritma SMF dan AFF. Dari hasil pengujian citra untuk persentase noise salt 45%, 55%, 65%, dan 75% pada kedalaman citra 8, 16, dan 24 bit, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Algoritma AFF lebih baik dibandingkan SMF mengacu pada nilai Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), sebaliknya algoritma SMF lebih baik untuk keragaman informasi, mengacu pada nilai shannon entropy. Kedua hal ini berlaku untuk semua variasi kedalaman citra warna.
Developing “Leadership Intelligence (CI2) Framework” Inside Social Media to Develop An Ethical Leader using the Johari Window Method
Authors: Gamayanto Indra , Christian Henry , Wibowo Sasono , Setiadi De Rosal Ignatius Moses , Purnamasari Devi , Sukamto Titien S
Published: March 2019

At this time, leadership and social media are two things that cannot be separated. Social media becomes an information technology media for leaders to be able to communicate about their vision and purpose. Therefore, leaders must be able to use social media effectively in order to influence the community with what they think. There are three problems caused by leaders in social media which are classified into three types such as narcissistic, compulsive and paranoid. These three things become big problems in leadership on social media and therefore, we need the formula to solve the problems. The Johari Window method is a method that has four perspectives in developing four leadership classifications such as open leaders, blind leaders, hidden leadership, and unknown leaders. If these three types and four classifications are put together, a framework will be produced called "Leadership Intelligence (CI2) Framework", the next one will produce a formula S = W.L2, where this formula will produce wise leaders on social media. This journal is the development of the journal Developing "Framework Intelligence (CI3)" Inside Social Media Using Johari Window Methods and The Development and Implementation of Wise Netizen (E-Comment) In Indonesia. As a result, this journal will give an answer and solve the problem of an ethical leader on social media and how to decrease a hoax that can affect the leader on social media. This research will continue until it produces a CI1 formula that will combine culture and leadership into a social media formula in generating positive communication, creating a positive culture and making a big impact on society.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Science Using Self-Questioning Strategy
Authors: Qahtani Huda A. , Al Gaseem Mohammed M.
Published: March 2019

The study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of teaching science using self-questioning strategy on academic achievement and developing reflective thinking skills. The sample consisted of 100 first grade intermediate female students in Khamis Mushait governorate, Saudi Arabia. The sample was divided into two equal groups: an experimental group studied by self-questioning strategy, and a control group which studied using the conventional  method. Teacher guide and student handbook activities were developed, and validated. Moreover, a science-achievement test and a reflective-thinking test were developed, checked for reliability, and validated. With regard to both instruments, the results showed statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 in favor of the experimental group.
The Effectiveness of WebQuest Collaborative E-Learning Strategy in Developing Students' Higher Thinking Levels at the College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Ammar Mohammed E.
Published: March 2019

The current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the collaborative e-learning strategy used in WebQuest in developing students' higher thinking levels at the College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University. To achieve this objective, a thinking test was prepared, its validity and reliability were tested. Then, it was applied to an experimental and a control group, each of which consisted of 35 students. After calculating the students' grades and processing them statistically, the findings revealed the effectiveness of the collaborative e-learning strategy used in WebQuest in developing the higher thinking levels of the students of the College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University. The study recommended designing different courses’ topics using WebQuest, conducting training courses and workshops for faculty members of the College of Education on how to design, produce and use WebQuest in teaching their courses. The study suggested conducting similar research and related studies.
A Program Based on Fiqh al Naazeil for Developing the Analytical Thinking Skills and Awareness of the Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues among the Intermediate Stage Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al- Otaibi Naif A.
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed at preparing a program based on Fiqh Al Nawazel (Contemporary Issues Islamic Jurisprudence) for developing the analytical thinking skills and awareness of the Contemporary Jurisprudence Issues among the intermediate stage students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To fulfill this purpose, the researcher prepared a list of the analytical thinking skills in the Fiqh curriculum and other dimensions for the awareness of  Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues among the first grade students of the intermediate stage. Moreover, he prepared a test for measuring the analytical thinking skills and a rubric for the awareness of Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues among the students of the first grade intermediate stage, and verified its validity and reliability. The researcher prepared a program for  the study based on the Jurisprudence of Al-Nawazel, including thirteen Jurisprudential Nazilah. The participants of the study were 37 students from the first grade, intermediate stage. The results revealed the effectiveness of the program in developing the analytical thinking skills in Fiqh curriculum, in developing the main analytical thinking skills, and the students' awareness of the contemporary jurisprudence issues as a whole, and in its different dimensions (cognitive, practical and affective). Moreover, the results showed a positive correlational relationship at the level of  0.01 between developing the analytical thinking skills in the jurisprudence Fiqh curriculum and developing the awareness of Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues.
Destinasyonlarda marka kimliği oluşturma süreci: Anamur üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: ÇETİNSÖZ Burçin Cevdet , ATSAN Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Araştırmada bir destinasyonun marka kimliği oluşturma sürecini
belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Anamur protokolü, sivil
toplum kuruluşları, turizm işletmecileri ve bazı kurum amirlerinden oluşan 52
kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Anamur’un
marka kimliğini belirlemeye yönelik açık ve kapalı uçlu sorular
uygulanmıştır. Açık uçlu sorular
yoluyla elde edilen verilerin nitel analiz yöntemlerinden içerik analizi
uygulanırken, destinasyon marka kişiliği için ise betimleyici analiz
tekniklerinden aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma sonuçları belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma bulgularına göre Anamur’un marka kimliğinin oluşturulmasında sahip
olduğu “doğal değerler” ve “tarihi ve kültürel değerler” boyutları önemli rol
oynamaktadır.
Türkiye’nin turizm talebinin tahmininde görünürde ilişkisiz regresyon modelinin kullanılması
Authors: KESKİN Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2019

Turizm sektöründe,
ülkelere yönelik talebin araştırılmasında çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada seçilmiş ülkelerden 1984 - 2014 dönemi için Türkiye’ye yönelik
turizm talebinin Görünürde İlişkisiz Regresyon (GİR) yöntemiyle araştırılması
amaçlanmaktadır. Türkiye’ye yönelik turizm talebini araştırmak için İngiltere,
Almanya Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu ve İran gibi Türkiye’ye en çok turist
gönderen ülkeler seçilmiştir. Bu ülkelerden Türkiye’ye yönelik turizm talebini
açıklamak için geleneksel talep modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde dilen
sonuçlara göre, Türkiye’deki turizm fiyat endeksinin talebi anlamlı bir şekilde
açıklamadığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen diğer bir sonuç, rakip
ülkelerin fiyat endeksindeki artışın, Türkiye’ye olan turizm talebini
arttırmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, turist gönderen ülkelerin gelir
düzeyindeki artış genel olarak talebi arttırmaktadır. Dahası, kişi başına gelir
seviyesi düşük olan ülkelerde tatil için alternatif ülkeler arasında tercih
yaparken fiyatın belirleyici bir faktör olduğu görülmektedir.
Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes
Authors: Thligene N. , Mezzapesa G. N. , Mondelli D. , Trani A. , Veronico P. , Melillo M. T. , Dumontet S. , Miano T. , Sasanelli N.
Published: March 2019

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.
Multiple parasitic infestation in a nine-month-old patient: a case report
Authors: Intra J. , Sarto C. , Manuli E. , Vannini P. M. , Brambilla P.
Published: March 2019

We are reporting the case of a nine-month-old Pakistani female with complaint of growth retardation who presented multiple intestinal parasitic infections. Probably because of contamination with fecal matter, the initial microscopic examination of the urinary sample revealed the presence of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis, cysts of Entamoeba coli, and an organism similar to mites. Stool samples were obtained after two weeks and microscopic investigation confirmed the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs, cysts of Entamoeba coli, and hookworm eggs. The patient was immediately subjected to mebendazole therapy associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, to which she responded well. Follow-up stool re-examinations performed 15 and 30 days after the treatment tested negative for all parasitic ova and cysts. This study reflects the importance of considering multiple parasitic infestations in low socio-economic populations and highlights the need of improving poor hygienic conditions to prevent such infections, in particular in children.
Production of zinc oxide thin films and crystals in different deposition times and investigation of their structural, optical and electronic properties
Authors: Kangarlou Haleh , Esmaili Parisa
Published: March 2019

An aqueous colloidal solution was prepared at 80 °C and pH = 9 from suitable chemical compounds to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals and thin films. The ZnO crystals were grown in the colloidal solution under special conditions. Their micrographs showed ZnO rods with hexagonal structure. The number of the rods, increased over time. The ZnO thin films were produced on glass substrates in the same colloidal solution using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method in different deposition times. The produced films were post-annealed for about one hour at 400 °C. Crystalline structure, phase transitions and nanostructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ZnO wurtzite structure was dominant, and by increasing the deposition time, the films became more crystalline. Nanostructure of the films changed from rod to wire and transformed into pyramid-like structures. Also, morphology of the films changed and re-nucleation ocurred. Optical reflectance was measured in the wavelength of 300 nm to 800 nm with a spectrophotometer. Other optical properties and optical band gaps were calculated using Kramers-Kronig relation on reflectivity curves. Second harmonic generation was calculated by Z-scan technique. Nonlinear refraction and real part of susceptibilities were obtained. Both positive and negative nonlinear refractions appeared in the ZnO films. It is important for the use in optoelectronic devices. Electronic properties were assessed by the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, within density functional theory (DFT). In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. The band gap structure and density of states were calculated.
The effect of oxidation process on graphene oxide fiber properties
Authors: Ucar Nuray , Yuksek Ilkay Ozsev , Olmez Mervin , Can Elif , Onen Ayşen
Published: March 2019

Graphene, a carbon allotrope, became a significant area of research with its superior electrical, mechanical, optical properties, etc. There are several methods to obtain graphene oxide from graphite, one of which is the Hummers method. In this study, several modifications and pre-treatments preceding the Hummers method have been employed. Three different graphene oxide fibers have been produced by three different procedures, i.e. fibers obtained by Hummers method with pre-oxidation step, modified Hummers method and modified Hummers method with pre-oxidation step. It has been observed that pre-oxidation has a significant effect on graphene oxide fiber properties produced by wet spinning process (coagulation). Modified Hummers method without pre-oxidation leads to the highest breaking strength and breaking elongation. Reduced fiber linear density, breaking strength and breaking elongation together with increased crimp were observed in graphene fiber due to the addition of pre-oxidation step.
Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand
Authors: Shelbourne C.J.A
Published: March 2019

Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
الابعاد الفلسفية والاستراتيجية والقياسية لادارة الجودة الشاملة مقاربة دراسية
Authors: Al-Sawaf Mahfoudh H.
Published: March 2019

عدم وجود تعريف محدد وواضح لادارة الجودة الشاملة كلن سببا في فشل الكثير من برامجها اثناء التطبيق. لكي تنجح هذه البرامج يتطلب استخدام مدخل مفاهيمي لادارة الجودة الشاملة ينسجم مع التطبيقات الخاصة بها. هذا المدخل يركز على الابعاد الثلاثة الرئيسية لادارة الجودة الشاملة وهي البعد الفلسفي , البعد الاستراتيجي والبعد القياسي والتي يجب ان يشدد عليها في مستويات مختلفة من السلم الاداري وبدرجات متفاوتة. عليه فأن اكثر برامج ادارة الجودة الشاملة قد فشلت بسبب عدم قدرة المنظمات على تبني واحد او اكثر من هذه الابعاد بشكل كامل هذه الورقة اقترحت بأن كل الابعاد يجب ان تعمل بشكل توافقي لكي يؤدي الى نجاح ادارة الجودة الشاملة.
Labour Relations Practices of Nonprofits Acting as For-Profits: An Explainable Dissonance
Authors: Kimel Eyal
Published: March 2019

This article seeks to connect two seemingly distinct phenomena. Labour disputes in the nonprofit sector and the pressure nonprofits have undergone to become more economically and operationally efficient. The article describes the antics of some nonprofits in Ontario, and equates them with similar tactics that are employed by mega corporations that are notorious for their mistreatment of employees. The article endeavors to find a correlation between the mistreatment of employees by nonprofits and the ever-growing pressure, nonprofits have had to endure in recent years, to become more efficient. The author argues that the ethics of efficiency and corporate-like models of operation bring along other characteristics of for-profit businesses that may explain actions taken by nonprofits that are otherwise in direct contrast with everything they stand for.
Disability Disclosure in the Workplace
Authors: Wilton Robert D
Published: March 2019

This paper is concerned with workplace accommodation and the extent to which people feel able to disclose disabilities at work. Disclosure is  central to accommodation in the sense that workers must feel  comfortable describing their needs to employers. Where this is not the case - for example, where workers are concerned about the precariousness of their position and the fact that disclosure may result in dismissal - legal requirements for accommodation can be ineffective. To explore this issue, the paper uses qualitative data from interviews with fifty-nine people with physical, learning, psychiatric and sensory disabilities in the Hamilton labour market. Analysis indicates that most respondents viewed disclosure as a risky endeavour, and a significant minority did not disclose due to concerns about not being hired or being dismissed. The conclusion discusses the need for accommodating workplaces and the implications for the labour movement.
Contractors or Disguised Employees? A Case Study of Couriers in Winnipeg
Authors: Bickerton Geoff , Warskett Rosemary
Published: March 2019

The courier industry in Canada is rapidly expanding. This is due to a number of factors including greater international trade in goods; more use of just-in-time inventory strategies; and the rapid development of internet commerce. Significant technological and organizational developments within the industry have led to greater segmentation of markets. As a result, large national and international parcel delivery firms dominate the international and intercity markets, while there has been a proliferation of smaller firms in the same-city, same-day markets. The research findings from a case study conducted in Winnipeg reveal that couriers in certain parts of the industry are relatively well paid, with benefits and employment conditions negotiated by their union, while others are independent contractors with low incomes, no benefits and insecure tenure. The article compares the experience of these two types of couriers and examines what is being done to improve the terms and conditions of work for same-day couriers. It is concluded that nature of the same day courier industry means that union organizing will be very difficult and there is no guarantee of success. Unionization, however, is a necessary prerequisite for the improvement of conditions and wages in this growing industry.
The Global Union Research Network: A Potential for Incremental Innovation?
Authors: Schmidt Verena
Published: March 2019

One of the current paradoxes for trade unions is that organizing is an essentially local or national affair whilst the most pressing challenge for unions, which is globalization, can only be faced in a global context. This paper analyzes to what extent the Global Union Research Network (GURN) has the potential to be regarded as an incremental innovation for research within the international labour movement. The paper argues that the GURN can become an incremental innovation and there are three stages to this argument. Firstly the GURN in conceptualized within the international trade union movement. Secondly the term 'innovation' is defined and the GURN is presented as a potential, albeit incremental, innovation. The final stage examines GURN sustainability and the barriers to its institutionalization.
Can Joint Training Increase Union Knowledge and Power?
Authors: Olson Corliss
Published: March 2019

Globalization has been accompanied by a decline in unionization; however, while globalization presents extremely serious challenges to unions, globalization does not necessarily result in weakened unions. It is important for unions to identify and utilize ways to increase and leverage union power that are responsive to the pressures of globalization. Companies frequently introduce training during restructuring efforts aimed at remaining competitive in a global environment. This paper describes a joint union-management training program which offers an example of a pro-active union approach to joint training initiatives. The training took place in early 2004 in a typical paper mill in central Wisconsin. While the training was designed and undertaken in response to various competitive pressures, the content of the training was primarily determined by employee focus groups. The training design is examined against criteria for successful union involvement in joint ventures. The paper argues that, while joint ventures typically address management's production concerns at the expense of labor, a pro-active union can work to ensure that benefits also accrue to the union. Recent literature on union power in a globalized economy suggests that this training model could be used in other industries to enhance union knowledge and power.
Union Power: The Charged Politics of Electricity in Ontario
Authors: Swift Jamie , Stewart Keith
Published: March 2019

A neoliberal electricity privatization experiment in Ontario, Canada’s largest province, was supposed to eliminate one of the country’s biggest public utilities and introduce market discipline to the system. The grand experiment would begin in 2001. But an activist campaign by an opposition coalition initiated by electricity workers was crucial in turning back the market-oriented reforms, and indeed turning it into one of the great political train-wrecks in Ontario history.
Duty to Accommodate
Authors: Hatfield Robert
Published: March 2019

Workers traditionally accommodated co-workers. But, as accommodation law developed, tensions emerged. In Meiorin: accommodation is the norm. Employers must eliminate standards, rules, practices, etc. that discriminate on prohibited grounds, up to undue hardship. In the Canadian Human Rights Act, undue hardship includes only cost, health and safety. Other jurisdictions, following Central Alberta Dairy Pool, consider: impact on the collective agreement, other workers’ rights, employee morale, size of operation, workforce and facility adaptability. O’Malley clarifies adverse affect discrimination. A rule, although made in good faith, may discriminate “if it affects a person … differently from others”. Accommodation may override contract provisions (Renaud), including seniority (Goyette). While employers have principal responsibility for accommodation, unions have a role too (Gohm). Unions reduce accommodation tensions by: auditing collective agreements, reviewing accommodation procedures, educating members and leaders.
L’obligation d’adaptation
Authors: Hatfield Robert
Published: March 2019

De tout temps, les travailleurs et les travailleuses se sont accommodés les uns les autres. Cependant, l’adoption de lois sur l’adaptation a semé des tensions entre eux. Avec Meiorin: l’adaptation est la norme. Les employeurs doivent éliminer les normes, règles, pratiques, etc., qui établissent une distinction fondée sur un motif illicite, pourvu que cela ne leur impose pas une contrainte excessive. Dans la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne, la contrainte excessive ne comprend que le coût et les considérations relatives à la santé et à la sécurité. Par suite de la décision Central Alberta Dairy Pool, d’autres ressorts tiennent en outre compte des répercussions sur la convention collective, des droits des autres travailleurs et travailleuses, du moral du personnel, de la taille de l’organisation, de son effectif et de sa facilité d’adaptation. La décision O’Malley éclaircit la discrimination par suite d’un effet préjudiciable. Toute règle, même si elle a été adoptée de bonne foi, peut être discriminatoire si elle influence une personne « d'une manière différente par rapport à d'autres personnes visées ». L’obligation d’adaptation peut l’emporter sur les dispositions des conventions collectives (Renaud), y compris celles qui portent sur l’ancienneté (Goyette). Bien que la responsabilité d’adaptation incombe principalement aux employeurs, les syndicats doivent en assumer une partie (Gohm). Les syndicats réduisent les tensions relatives à l’adaptation en vérifiant les conventions collectives, en examinant les procédures d’adaptation et en sensibilisant leurs membres et leurs chefs.
The Work Stoppages Data from Human Resources and Skills Development Canada [HRSDC]: A Research Note
Authors: Briskin Linda
Published: March 2019

As part of a research program on worker militancy, this note presents an overview of the data on work stoppages from Human Resources and Skills Development Canada [HRSDC] (previously Human Resources Development Canada [HRDC]) with reference to the 21261 strikes from 1966-2001. It unpacks the definitions embedded in 'work stoppage', considers how to group strikes by number of workers and duration, comments on the contract status and result variables, and discusses how strike issues are coded.Several themes emerge. The state's major interest in strikes relates to their economic impact, which is operationalized through 'person days lost'. A shift from 'person days lost', to worker militancy allows for revealing re-interpretations of the data which will help make visible the relevance of such stoppages to workers, unions and communities. Examining the HRSDC data in this new light also underscores the political nature of data collection (what is seen to be germane and not), and data presentation (what is made visible and what is concealed).
Time as a Way Of Reconciling Conflict and Cooperation in the Employment Relationship: a View with Special Application to New Employment Forms
Authors: Gould Anthony M
Published: March 2019

Explanations of the coexistence of conflict and cooperation in the employment relationship are often vague and-or misleading. Authors have frequently failed to distinguish between institutional bases for cooperation and the ideological orientations of employers and employees. Previous theorizing has typically presented cross-sectional views where the employment relationship is presented outside of its temporal context. Here it is argued that the extent and nature of conflict and cooperation between employers and their workforce should be understood through appreciating that interest alignment changes as an employment relationship moves from a short to a long term. In practice, the institutional basis for conflict mostly exists in the short and long term and cooperation in the long term exclusively. Using survey data obtained from fast food workers, the theoretical and strategic consequences of this view are explored in relation to new employment forms which have a modified concept of a long term.
The Regulatory Exclusion of Agricultural Workers in Alberta
Authors: Barnetson Bob
Published: March 2019

The opportunity structure facing waged agricultural workers seeking basic statutory employment rights in the Canadian province of Alberta is hostile, reflecting the intertwined political and economic interests of farmers, the provincial government, and agribusiness. This article outlines the contours of the political opportunities and constraints facing labour groups and agricultural workers seeking legislative change. Analysis suggests there is little opportunity at present to alter this legislative exclusion.
The Best of Both Worlds: A Pragmatic Approach to the Construction of Labour Rights as Human Rights
Authors: Walchuk Bradley
Published: March 2019

Our rights are increasingly being constructed as human rights. While this construction is gaining popularity, there is still considerable opposition to it. Recently, the debate has made its way to the pages of Just Labour. Building upon a pragmatic approach utilized by feminist legal scholars, the present article seeks to continue this important dialogue and offers an alternative that combines elements of both rights-based pluralism and critical legal scholarship. It contends that the labour movement ought to employ a multi-faceted strategy to protect and promote the rights of working people. Such a strategy recognizes the limitations of rights-discourse, but also recognize s its potential benefits. The paper argues that the labour movement cannot rely solely on rights-discourse to protect its interests but that it should also not be dismissed out of hand. Thus, the construction of labour rights as human rights can be only part of the labour movement’s broader fight back strategy.
International Framework Agreements and the Future of Collective Bargaining in Multinational Companies
Authors: Bourque Reynald
Published: March 2019

This article emphasizes the contribution of International Framework Agreements (IFAs) to collective bargaining within multinational companies (MNC). For this purpose, we used various data, including content analysis of 42 IFAs and interviews with representatives of the five Global Union Federations (GUFs) involved in the negotiation of these IFAs, in order to assess the content and efficiency of these agreements. Our analysis reveals that IFAs usually include a commitment by the signatory MNC to conform to ILO’s core conventions in all its operations, and to inform its business partners of their obligations under the agreement. Regular meetings are held with unions’ representatives for the monitoring of thes e agreements to ensure their respect by the signatory multinational companies and their business partners. According to GUFs’ representatives, the IFAs have been effective in protecting basic trade union rights covered by ILO conventions 87 and 98. In the last part, we emphasize the IFAs’ contribution to collective bargaining within MNCs and discuss the prospects for future development of international collective bargaining, particularly in light of Levinson’s seminal work (1972) on this subject.
Perme ICU Mobility Score (Perme Score) and the ICU Mobility Scale (IMS): translation and cultural adaptation for the Spanish language
Authors: Wilches Luna Esther , Hernández Nasly , Siriani de Oliveira Anamaria , Kenji Nawa Ricardo , Perme Christiane , Gastaldi Ada Clarice
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The scales to measure functional mobility in critically ill patients were developed and validated in English, there is a need for these tools in Spanish speaking countries.
Objective: To perform translation, cultural adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the Spanish versions of the Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score and IMS tools in ICU patients.
Methods: Translation and validation study between November 2016 and July 2017, following the COSMIN Protocol's recommendations. Two couples of physiotherapists with the role of observer/rater applied both scales in 150 patients upon admission and discharge of a medicalsurgical ICU from a private hospital in Colombia. The sample size was defined taking into account the lowest proportion of reported agreement (68.57%), a Kappa index of 0.2784 or higher to ensure that the calculated n was adequate, and a confidence level of 95%
Results: Translation and cultural adaptation were performed, the final version of both scales in Spanish was approved by the authors. The sample was 150 patients, 52% were men, the average age was 58 ± 17 years, invasive mechanical ventilation was present in 63 (42%) of the cases. Inter-rater reliability of the ICU Mobility Scale was between 0.97 and 1.00, and for the Perme Intensive Care Unit the Mobility Score it was between 0.99 and 1 in the two moments of the measurements.
Conclusions: Both scales were translated and culturally adapted and presented excellent inter-rater reliability in the two pairs of raters (rater/observer).
Avaliação das emissões otoacústicas em pacientes submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico em hospital de referência em oncologia pediátrica no Pará
Authors: Oliveira Cássia Maria Oliveira de , Badarane Erika Baptista Luiz
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar as emissões otoacústicas (EOA) em pacientes submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico em hospital de referência em oncologia pediátrica no Pará. Métodos: O estudo é longitudinal, prospectivo e de coorte, realizado no Hospital Oncológico Infantil Octávio Lobo e no Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Souza, obtendo-se dados dos exames de EOA transientes, em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de oncologia pediátrica no mês de outubro de 2018, ao início do tratamento e durante o uso de quimioterápicos. Na aplicação da estatística descritiva, foram construídas tabelas e gráficos e a estatística analítica foi utilizada para avaliar os resultados das variáveis categóricas, através dos Testes G e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Foram avaliados vinte pacientes. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino, com maior prevalência de EOA presentes. Dentre os quimioterápicos, prevaleceram as platinas e derivados.A relação entre a EOA com o quimioterápico utilizado,resultou em EOA presentes em uso de platinas e derivados. Demonstrou- se que o tempo não influencia o resultado. Conclusão: Houve prevalência da presença de EOA no início do tratamento, sem relação direita com o tempo de exposição e a dosagem da droga utilizada, sendo a cisplatina o principal quimioterápico indutor de ototoxicidade.
Synthesis of a Hominal Bis(difluoromethyl) Fragments
Authors: Viktor Ivasyshyn Viktor , Smit Hans , Chiechi Ryan
Published: March 2019

This paper describes the synthesis of discrete units of hominal bis(gem-CF2). The controlled introduction of fluorine atoms is a powerful synthetic tool to introduce dipole moments with minimal impact to sterics. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a striking example of the influence of fluorine atoms, which impart ferroelectric behavior from the alignment of the dipole moments of CF2 units, however, it is prepared via direct polymerization of vinylidene difluoride. Thus, a different synthetic pathway is required to produce synthons containing discrete numbers of CF2 groups in a hominal relation to each other. We found out that, in the case of short chains, the consecutive deoxofluorination of sequentially-introduced keto groups is very inefficient, as it requires harsh conditions and sharply decreasing yields at each step. To solve this problem, we combined the selective desulfurative fluorination of dithiolanes with pyridinium fluoride and the deoxofluorination of keto groups with morpholinosulfur trifluoride. This strategy is highly reproducible and scalable, allowing the synthesis of the hominal bis(gem-CF2) fragment as a shelf-stable tosylate, which can be used to install discrete chains of hominal bis(gem-CF2) on a variety of synthons and monomers.
Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018
Authors: Eyre David W , Town Katy , Street Teresa , Barker Leanne , Sanderson Nicholas , Cole Michelle J , Mohammed Hamish , Pitt Rachel , Gobin Maya , Irish Charles , Gardiner Daniel , Sedgwick James , Beck Charles , Saunders John , Turbitt Deborah , Cook Clare , Phin Nick , Nathan Bavithra , Horner Paddy , Fifer Helen
Published: March 2019

We describe detection in the United Kingdom (UK) of the drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate azithromycin resistance. Two female patients developed infection following contact with UK-resident men from the same sexual network linked to travel to Ibiza, Spain. One case failed treatment with ceftriaxone, and azithromycin and gentamicin, before successful treatment with ertapenem. Both isolates had indistinguishable whole-genome sequences. Urgent action is essential to contain this drug-resistant strain.
Of which we cannot speak … Philosophy and the humanities
Authors: Rodowick David N.
Published: March 2019

Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften finden in Bezug auf Theorie kaum eine gemeinsame Gesprächsgrundlage. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der späte Wittgenstein ebenfalls »Theorie« hinterfragt, dies aber als eine Weise begreift, den Dialog zwischen Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaft wiederherzustellen. Wittgenstein zielt in seinen Philosophischen Untersuchungen nicht – wie in der Analytischen Philosophie üblich – auf Gewissheit, sondern sucht Wege, die Philosophie zu Fragen des menschlichen Verstehens und Interpretierens zurückzuführen.

Philosophy and the humanities have not found much common ground for conversation in theory. I argue that the late Wittgenstein also questions »theory« but as a way of restoring a dialogue between philosophy and the humanities. Wittgenstein aimed his not at the quest for certainty, so characteristic of the history of analytic philosophy, but rather at ways for returning philosophy to questions of human understanding and interpretation through ethical questioning.
Embodied Mediation: AVATAR and its Systems
Authors: Clarke Bruce
Published: March 2019

Der Aufsatz untersucht die fiktive Technologie, die Avatar in Bezug zu weiteren im Text genannten Netzwerken antreibt. Als eine narrative Realisierung von embodied mediation (verkörperter Vermittlung bzw. Mediatisierung) ist der Avatar in avatar die organische Metamorphose eines medialen Systems, ein hybrider biokybernetischer Apparat, der bedeutsame existentielle Widersprüche generiert. avatar ist weiterhin eine Allegorie derjenigen Medientechnik, die für seine eigene Produktion angewendet wurde. Das Begehren, die disembodied mediations (entkörperte Vermittlung bzw. Mediatisierung) zu mediatisieren, Zeichen in Gegenstände zurück zu verwandeln, beruht auf dem, was tatsächlich und immer möglich war: der Verwandlung von Gegenständen in Zeichen.

This paper examines the fictive technology that drives avatar in relation to other networks named by the text. A narrative realization of , the avatar in avatar is the organic metamorphosis of a media system, a hybridic biocybernetic apparatus generating significant existential contradictions. avatar is also an allegory of the media technology that went into its own production. The desire to remediate disembodied mediations, to turn signs back into objects, rests on what is actually and always possible, the transformation of objects into signs.
Papierprojekte
Authors: Wittmann Barbara
Published: March 2019

In der Geschichte des künstlerischen, technischen und architektonischen Entwerfens wurde das Zeichnen weitgehend mit bestimmten Projektionstechniken identifiziert. Allerdings dürfte sich die eigentlich generative Kraft des Zeichnens schwerlich auf den Stabilisierungs- und Übertragungsvorgang beschränken lassen. Wo gezeichnet wird, wird auch überzeichnet, durchgestrichen, neu begonnen, also: immer weiter gezeichnet. Worin besteht nun also die Leistung des Zeichnens als Werkzeug des Entwurfs?

In the history of artistic, technical and architectonical design, drawing has largely been identified with certain techniques of projection. However, the actual productive potency of drawing can hardly be reduced to an act of stabilization and transferal. Drawing also means to draw over, to cross out, to start anew, and therefore: to keep drawing. What is, then, the benefit of drawing as a tool for designing?
Infrastrukturen des Kollektiven: alte Medien – neue Kollektive?
Authors: Stäheli Urs
Published: March 2019

Der Begriff des Kollektivs ist, obgleich im Zentrum der Sozialwissenschaften, meist nur im Rahmen einer für abweichendes Verhalten zuständigen Spezialsoziologie als »kollektives Verhalten« konzipiert worden. Der Aufsatz schlägt eine Re-Lektüre dieser Soziologie (insbesondere von Herbert Blumer) vor, um das Zustandekommen von Kollektivität zu denken. Mit Hilfe einer Lektüre von Walt Whitman, der als lyrische und journalistische Inspirationsquelle für die frühe amerikanische Soziologie wichtig war, wird ein Konzept der materialen und medialen Infrastrukturen (insbesondere von Transportmedien wie der Fähre) gewonnen, das gerade auch für die heutige Verschränkung von Kollektivität und Infrastruktur aussagekräftig ist.

Although it is central to the social sciences, the notion of the collective has been elaborated primarily in fields of study which are concerned with deviant behavior, and then only in the sense of »collective behavior.« In order to consider the emergence of collectivity, the present paper suggests a re-reading of this sociology (especially of Herbert Blumer). By means of a reading of Walt Whitman, who was important as a lyrical and journalistic source of inspiration to early American sociology, a concept of material and medial infrastructures (particularly transport media such as the ferry) is obtained, which is also significant for the current theoretical interweaving of collectivity and infrastructure.