bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and mapping the habitat suitability and the potential distribution of Arboviruses vectors in Morocco
Authors: Abdelkrim Outammassine , Samia Boussaa , Said Zouhair , Souad Loqman
Published: April 2021

Mosquitoes transmit several agents of diseases and the presence of different species represents a threat to animal and public health.AedesandCulexmosquitoes are of particular concern giving their potential vector competence for Arbovirus transmission. In Morocco, the lack of detailed information related to their spatial distribution raises major concerns and hampers effective vector surveillance and control. Using maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling, we generated prediction models for the potential distribution of Arboviruses vectors (Aedes aegypti, Ae. vexans,Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus,andCulex pipiens) in Morocco, under current climatic conditions. Also, we investigated the habitat suitability for the potential occurrence and establishment ofAe. albopictusandAe. vittatusrecorded only once in the country. Prediction models for these last two species were generated considering occurrence datasets from close countries of the Mediterranean Basin, whereAe.albopictusis well established, and from a worldwide database for the case ofAe. vittatus(model transferability). With the exception ofAe. vittatus, the results identify potential habitat suitability in Morocco for all mosquitos considered. Existing areas with maximum risk of establishment and high potential distribution were mainly located in the northwestern and central parts of Morocco. Our results essentially underline the assumption thatAe. albopictus, if not quickly controlled, might find suitable habitats and has the potential to become established, especially in the northwest of the country. These findings may help to better understand the potential distribution of each species and enhance surveillance efforts in areas identified as high risk.
Entgegen der Schwerkraft
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: April 2021

Aus der unteren Extremität muss das venöse Blut vergleichsweise lange Strecken entgegen der Schwerkraft zurücklegen. Die entsprechende Pumpleistung wird durch mehrere Vorgänge ermöglicht. Ist das venöse System beeinträchtigt, kann es zur chronisch-venösen Insuffizienz kommen.
Was wissen Sie über … chronische Erkrankungen?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: April 2021

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit chronischen Erkrankungen.
Bekanntheit und Nutzung von digitalen Gesundheitsangeboten in
Deutschland: eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative
Querschnittsuntersuchung
Authors: Breil Bernhard , Dederichs Melina , Kremer Lisanne , Richter David , Angerer Peter , Apolinário-Hagen Jennifer
Published: April 2021

Ziel der Studie Angesichts aktueller gesundheitspolitischer
Bestrebungen zur eHealth-Implementierung stellt sich die Frage, welche
Bevölkerungsgruppen Online-Gesundheitsangebote in Anspruch nehmen,
um diese gezielter auf Nutzerbedürfnisse abstimmen zu
können. Die Studie untersucht, ob Unterschiede in der Nutzung von
Gesundheitsinformationen und psychologischer Online-Beratung auf Basis
soziodemografischer und gesundheitsbezogener Merkmale in der deutschen
Bevölkerung bestehen.

Methodik Die Grundlage für die Querschnittsuntersuchung
mithilfe logistischer Regressionsanalysen bildet die Innovationsstichprobe
des deutschen sozioökonomischen Panels, das von September 2016 bis
Februar 2017 erhoben wurde, mit 4802 Personen im Alter von 17–95
Jahren.

Ergebnisse 55% der Befragten gaben an,
Gesundheitsinformationen im Netz zu suchen, während 1,1%
angaben, Erfahrungen mit Online-Beratung aufzuweisen. Die Onlinesuche nach
Gesundheitsinformationen wurde durch das Alter (Odds Ratio
(OR)=0,96; 95-%-KI=0,96–0,97), Geschlecht
(OR=1,20; 95-%-KI=1,05–1,36), die
Bekanntheit von Internettherapien (OR=2,57;
95-%-KI=2,20–3,00), Erfahrung mit Psychotherapie
(OR=1,40; 95-%-KI=1,16–1,69) sowie die
Diagnosen Asthma (OR=1,14;
95-%-KI=1,01–1,29) oder Schlaganfall
(OR=0,66; 95-%-KI=0,52–0,84) signifikant
bestimmt. Bei der Nutzung von Online-Beratung erwiesen sich Bekanntheit von
Internettherapie und die Erfahrung mit Psychotherapie als signifikante
Determinanten.

Schlussfolgerung Mit diesem erstmalig gewonnenen,
verlässlichen Bild zur Bekanntheit von Internettherapien und zu
Determinanten der Nutzung von Online-Gesundheitsangeboten in der deutschen
Bevölkerung können zielgruppenspezifische Strategien zur
Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation entwickelt werden.
Feuer einstellen
Authors: Noschinski Dirk-Rüdiger
Published: April 2021

Die rheumatoide Arthritis betrifft 0,5–1 % der Menschen und äußert sich typischerweise durch Morgensteifigkeit, symmetrischen Gelenkbefall und positiven Rheumafaktor. Für eine genaue Diagnostik werden weitere Entzündungsparameter erhoben, darunter Anti-CCP, Antinukleäre Antikörper, Rheumafaktor-IgM, aber auch CRP und BSG. Neben der klassischen immunsuppressiven und antiphlogistischen Medikation bieten sich bewährte Mittel aus dem Fundus der orthomolekularen Therapie an, darunter Vitamin A, B12, C, D und E, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und Folsäure, aber auch pflanzliche Immunmodulatoren wie Brennnessel, Weihrauch und Teufelskralle.
Die Häufigkeit der Durchführung einer Gefäßanastomose ist der entscheidende Faktor auf den Lernerfolg in einer retrospektiven Analyse von 212 Teilnehmern des Münchner Mikrochirurgiekurses
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Hagen Christine Sophie , Möllhoff Nicholas , Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Giunta Riccardo E. , Ehrl Denis , Schenck Thilo Ludwig
Published: April 2021

Zielsetzung Mikrochirurgiekurse sind eine weit verbreitete und allgemein angewandte Methode, um mikrochirurgische Fähigkeiten außerhalb des Operationssaals zu erlernen. In–vivo-Modelle werden häufig dazu verwendet, Chirurgen für die vaskuläre Mikrochirurgie an Patienten vorzubereiten. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Lernerfahrungen der Teilnehmer des Münchner Mikrochirurgiekurses zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden Wir untersuchten von 212 Teilnehmern des Münchner Mikrochirurgiekurses die Erfolgsrate im Nähen von mikrochirurgischen vaskulären Anastomosen an der lebenden Ratte. Es wurde zudem eine Befragung bezüglich des Ausbildungsstandes, der medizinischen Spezialisierung, des Alters und der chirurgischen Erfahrung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der absolvierten Übungsdurchgänge und der tatsächlichen Anzahl der durchgängigen Anastomosen: rp = 0,658 mit p < 0,001. Das Alter korrelierte nicht signifikant mit der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen. Eine Korrelationsanalyse ergab einen nicht signifikanten Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen dem Alter und der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen (rp = 0,058 mit p = 0,402). Die chirurgische Erfahrung korrelierte nicht signifikant mit der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen: rp = 0,067 mit p = 0,328.

Ergebnis In Anbetracht der steigenden Anzahl von Teilnehmern, die mit Zunahme der durchgeführten Durchgänge dazu in der Lage waren, eine patente Anastomose zu kreieren, kann die Verwendung von lebenden Modellen im Rahmen von Mikrochirurgiekursen als sinnvoll erachtet werden. Vorherige chirurgische Übungen und Erfahrungen in chirurgischen Feldern außerhalb der Mikrochirurgie scheinen das Erlernen mikrochirurgischer Fähigkeiten nicht zu erleichtern.
Perkutane lokal-ablative Therapie beim kleinen Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Ringe Kristina Imeen
Published: April 2021

Das Nierenzellkarzinom (NCC) ist eine Tumorerkrankung v. a. älterer Menschen. Perkutane lokale Therapien kleiner NCC (< 4 cm) nehmen insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund begleitender Komorbiditäten und eingeschränkter OP-Fähigkeit der Patienten zu. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden etablierte lokale ablative Verfahren in Form der Radiofrequenz- (RFA), Mikrowellen- (MWA) und Kryoablation dargestellt, und der Stellenwert der Ablation in der Behandlung kleiner NCC basierend auf aktueller Evidenz und im Kontext von bestehenden Leitlinien erläutert.
Estimation of Metabolic Energy Expenditure during Short Walking
Bouts
Authors: Blokland Ilse Johanna , de Koning Jos J. , van Kan Thomas , van Bennekom Coen A. M. , van Dieen Jaap H. , Houdijk Han
Published: April 2021

Assessment of metabolic energy expenditure from indirect calorimetry is
currently limited to sustained (>4 min) cyclic activities, because
of steady-state requirements. This is problematic for patient populations
who are unable to perform such sustained activities. Therefore, this study
explores validity and reliability of a method estimating metabolic energy
expenditure based on oxygen consumption (V̇O2) during
short walking bouts. Twelve able-bodied adults twice performed six treadmill
walking trials (1, 2 and 6 min at 4 and 5 km/h),
while V̇O2 was measured. Total
V̇O2 was calculated by
integrating net V̇O2 over walking and recovery.
Concurrent validity with steady-state V̇O2 was
assessed with Pearson’s correlations. Test-retest reliability was
assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman
analyses. Total V̇O2 was strongly correlated
with steady-state V̇O2
(r=0.91–0.99), but consistently higher. Test-retest
reliability of total V̇O2
(ICC=0.65–0.92) was lower than or comparable to steady-state
V̇O2
(ICC=0.83–0.92), with lower reliability for shorter trials.
Total V̇O2 discriminated between gait
speeds. Total oxygen uptake provides a useful measure to estimate metabolic
load of short activities from oxygen consumption. Although estimates are
less reliable than steady-state measurements, they can provide insight in
the yet unknown metabolic demands of daily activities for patient
populations unable to perform sustained activities.
Balintarbeit in Deutschland – wie wir wurden, was wir sind
Authors: Otten Heide , Bergmann Günther , Rolfes-Neumann Doris , Fink Peter , Wetzig-Würth Herta , Holzbach Ernst , Günzel Norbert , Steinbach Martin , König Werner und Helga , Petzold Ernst R.
Published: April 2021

Werner Stucke (geb.am 29.07.1921, gest. am 06.05.1995) und Margarethe Stubbe (geb.am 02.03.1921, gest. am 05.04.2010) haben die Deutsche Balint Gesellschaft von ihrer Gründung 1974 an begleitet und wesentlich geprägt. Wegbegleitende Kollegen erinnern sich an diese beiden Persönlichkeiten und die Begegnungen mit Ihnen. Es wird deutlich, dass sie Spuren hinterlassen haben, die sowohl im politischen als auch im persönlichen Bereich Früchte getragen haben. In einer virtuellen Balintgruppe erinnern sich 8 KollegInnen an die beiden Jubilare.
Functional endoscopy in neurogenic dysphagia: a feasibility study focusing on the esophageal phase of swallowing
Authors: Rückert Jan , Lenz Philipp , Heinzow Hauke , Wessling Johannes , Warnecke Tobias , Herrmann Ingo F. , Strahl Michael , Lenze Frank , Nowacki Tobias , Domagk Dirk
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims Due to demographic transition, neurogenic dysphagia has become an increasingly recognized problem. Patients suffering from dysphagia often get caught between different clinical disciplines. In this study, we implemented a defined examination protocol for evaluating the whole swallowing process by functional endoscopy. Special focus was put on the esophageal phase of swallowing.

Patients and methods This prospective observational multidisciplinary study evaluated 31 consecutive patients with suspected neurogenic dysphagia by transnasal access applying an ultrathin video endoscope. Thirty-one patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were used as a control group. We applied a modified approach including standardized endoscopic positions to compare our findings with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and high-resolution manometry. The primary outcome measure was feasibility of functional endoscopy. Secondary outcome measures were adverse events (AEs), tolerability, and pathologic endoscopic findings.

Results Functional endoscopy was successfully performed in all patients. No AEs were recorded. A variety of disorders were documented by functional endoscopy: incomplete or delayed closure of the upper esophageal sphincter in retroflex view, clearance disturbance of tubular esophagus, esophageal hyperperistalsis, and hypomotility. Analysis of results obtained with the diagnostic tools showed some discrepancies.

Conclusions By interdisciplinary cooperation with additional assessment of the esophageal phase of deglutition using the innovative method of functional endoscopy, the diagnosis of neurogenic disorders including dysphagia may be significantly improved, leading to a better clinical understanding of complex dysfunctional patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that a retroflex view of the ultrathin video endoscope within the esophagus can be safely performed. [NCT01995929]
Rollen oder Nichtrollen: Evidenz der Wirksamkeit von Foam-Rolling
Authors: Wiewelhove Thimo
Published: April 2021

Es wird angenommen, dass Foam-Rolling die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Beweglichkeitsleistung steigert sowie Muskelermüdung und Muskelschmerz mindert. Da-her wird Foam-Rolling sowohl von Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportler*innen als auch Leistungs- und Spitzensportler*innen insbesondere im Rahmen der kurzfristigen Trainings- und Wettkampfvorbereitung sowie zur Unterstützung der Regeneration nach muskulär ermüdender Tätigkeit eingesetzt. Foam-Rolling ist eine Form der Selbstmassage, bei der bestimmte Muskelgruppen – meist unter Zuhilfenahme einer Hartschaumstoffrolle – behandelt werden. Derzeit existieren kaum direkt belegte Wirkmechanismen von Foam-Rolling. Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Studien und Übersichtsarbeiten bestätigen aber, dass Foam-Rolling kurzfristig die Beweglichkeit bzw. Flexibilität verbessert, ohne die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit zu mindern. Außerdem hilft Foam-Rolling, das Muskelschmerzempfinden in der Belastungsnachbereitung zu reduzieren und somit das Wohlbefinden zu steigern. Deshalb spricht nichts gegen den Einsatz als regenerationsfördernde Maßnahme sowohl unmittelbar nach körperlicher Aktivität als auch an „freien“ Tagen. Allerdings gibt es bislang keinen eindeutigen und überzeugenden wissenschaftlichen Nachweis für eine kurzfristige Steigerung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit oder eine überdauernde Beschleunigung oder Verzögerung der Leistungswiederherstellung durch Foam-Rolling. Insgesamt deutet die Studienlage darauf hin, dass das Rollen im Rahmen der kurzfristigen Belastungsvorbereitung sinnvoller ist als während der Regenerationsphase.
Wie häufig ist selten wirklich? Eine Erhebung zur Häufigkeit Seltener
Erkrankungen an einem Universitätsklinikum
Authors: Kretschmer Tanita , Danker Adrian , Müller Olaf , Rösen-Wolff Angela , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Berner Reinhard
Published: April 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Häufigkeit Seltener Erkrankungen im Krankengut von
Krankenhäusern und Universitätsklinika ist unbekannt. Der ICD-10 bildet Diagnosen Seltener
Erkrankungen nur unzureichend ab, über entsprechende Entlassdiagnosen ist die Häufigkeit
Seltener Erkrankungen nicht abschätzbar. Die Systematik des gegenwärtigen
Krankenhausentgeltsystems scheint nicht auf eine leistungsgerechte Vergütung in der
Behandlung dieser Erkrankungen ausgelegt. Durch Einführung einer verpflichtenden
Dokumentation von Seltenen Erkrankungen sollte erstmalig eine repräsentative Abschätzung
der Häufigkeit von stationär behandelten Seltenen Erkrankungen an einem
Universitätsklinikum gegeben werden.

Methodik Seit 2017 erfolgt für alle stationär behandelten Patienten des
Universitätsklinikums Dresden die obligate Abfrage, ob eine Seltene Erkrankung vorliegt.
Im Falle eines Vorliegens, erfolgt eine Kodierung der Seltenen Erkrankung auf Basis der
Orpha-Kennnummer, welche dazu in das Krankhausinformationssystem ORBIS implementiert
wurde.

Ergebnisse Exemplarisch wurde das Jahr 2019 ausgewertet, in welchem am
Universitätsklinikum Dresden von insgesamt 70 937 Entlassfällen für 19% eine Seltene
Erkrankung kodiert wurde.

Schlussfolgerung Erstmals wurde eine prospektive und als lückenlos anzusehende
Erhebung von Seltenen Erkrankungen an einem deutschen Universitätsklinikum umgesetzt. Die
seitens der Europäischen Union definierte Prävalenz Seltener Erkrankungen von 6 bis 8%
wurde um ein Mehrfaches überschritten. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit wird die tatsächliche
Häufigkeit dennoch erheblich unterschätzt, da die Qualität der Kodierung mit der
Nutzercompliance korreliert. Dadurch unterstreicht die Erfassung die besondere Rolle von
Patienten mit Seltener Erkrankung in der Versorgungsrealität von
Universitätsklinika.
Schildkröten – Ein Aufsatz
Authors: Gunzer Sophia
Published: April 2021

Einleitung

Perform riecht streng. Um einen Eimer dieser Lösung herzustellen, muss man
einen kleinen silbernen Beutel weißen Pulvers in zehn Litern Wasser
auflösen. In voller Schutzmontur. Verkleidet mit Handschuhen, Mundschutz und
einer Schutzbrille. Denn Perform ist giftig. Und schützt Menschen, die
diesen Schutz nötig haben, vor allerhand Erregern, die ihr Körper
ohne ein funktionierendes Immunsystem nicht abwehren kann. Auf Station K3 riecht es
immer nach Perform. K3-Kinderklinik-Hämatologie/Onkologie. Wer hier
landet, hat eine sehr lange und schwere Zeit vor sich, an deren Ende meist ein
ungewisser Ausgang steht. Flächendesinfektion ist vermutlich das am
wenigsten schädliche Gift, mit dem Patient/innen1 hier in Berührung kommen. Eine
Zwickmühle. Beinahe jedes Medikament, das die Kinder hier bekommen, hat
einen seitenlangen Beipackzettel mit hochgefährlichen Nebenwirkungen. Aber
ohne diese Medikamente würde fast jedes Kind auf dieser Station nach kurzer
Zeit versterben.
Empfehlungen zur Indikationsstellung
Authors: Rieke Burkhard , Grobusch Martin P.
Published: April 2021

Die großen Ausbrüche der Ebola-Virus-Erkrankung (EVD) in Westafrika und der Demokraktischen Republik Kongo haben in den Jahren seit 2014 gezeigt, wie groß das Potenzial für eine internationale Ausbreitung und wie schwer die Eingrenzung in geografisch und politisch problematischen Gebieten ist. Inzwischen sind jedoch Impfstoffe mit hervorragender Wirksamkeit entwickelt worden, die für die betroffene Bevölkerung eine wesentlich bessere Perspektive bedeuten. Aus europäischem Blickwinkel ist jedoch auch der Nutzen für Personen abzuschätzen, die zur Ausbruchsbekämpfung ausreisen, in der konventionellen medizinischen Versorgung in Verbreitungsgebieten arbeiten oder in Behandlungszentren für hochkontagiöse Erkrankungen hier geschützt werden wollen und sollen. Zurzeit stehen 2 unterschiedliche Impfkonzepte zur Verfügung, die beide eine europäische Zulassung haben, in Deutschland aber nicht vermarktet werden.
Perinataldaten von Frauen mit und ohne Flüchtlingsstatus in Berlin – Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Querschnittstudie
Authors: Rosenberg-Jeß Sivan , Sauzet Odile , Henrich Wolfgang , David Matthias
Published: April 2021

Einleitung Deutschland hat 2015 und 2016 über 1,2 Mio.Flüchtlinge aufgenommen. Mehr als ein Drittel der Flüchtlinge waren Frauen. Diese Studie soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, Rückschlüsse auf eine gezieltere peripartale Betreuung dieser Gruppe ermöglichen.

Material und Methoden Retrospektiver Vergleich der Perinataldaten von 960 Frauen, die in den Geburtskliniken der Charité zwischen Januar 2016 und August 2017 geboren hatten: Zielgruppe 480 Flüchtlingsfrauen, Vergleichsgruppe 480 Frauen ohne Flüchtlingsstatus. Verglichen wurden Routinedaten zu verschiedenen Parametern.

Ergebnisse Signifikant unterschiedlich war die Anzahl von Schwangerenvorsorgeterminen; bei den Flüchtlingsfrauen weniger als bei der Kontrollgruppe (Mittelwert der Anzahl der Vorsorgetermine einheimische Patientinnen 10,6 (Max.: 27, SD 2,85, Min: 2), Flüchtlingsfrauen 8,0 Termine (Mittelwert; Max.: 20, SD 3,385, Min: 0) (p=0,000, adjustiertes relatives Risiko 0,77, 95% KI 0,74–0,812), sowie der durchschnittliche Hb-Wert (Kontrollgruppe 11,1 g/dl, Gruppe der Flüchtlingsfrauen 10,6 g/dl) (p=0,00, adjustierter Unterschied 0,54, 95% KI −0,77−0,32).

Schlussfolgerung Die Daten zeigen, dass das deutsche Gesundheitssystem in der Lage ist, Flüchtlingsfrauen peripartal in großer Anzahl und trotz unterschiedlicher Voraussetzungen zu behandeln. Ob ein Selektionsfaktor wie der „healthy migrant“-Effekt hinzukommt, kann auf der Basis dieser Studie nicht entschieden werden.
Comparison of Automated Breast Ultrasound and Hand-Held Breast Ultrasound in the Screening of Dense Breasts
Authors: Philadelpho Fernanda , Calas Maria Julia Gregorio , Carneiro Gracy de Almeida Coutinho , Silveira Isabela Cunha , Vaz Andréia Brandão Ribeiro , Nogueira Adriana Maria Coelho , Bergmann Anke , Lopes Flávia Paiva Proença Lobo
Published: April 2021

Objective To compare hand-held breast ultrasound (HHBUS) and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) as screening tool for cancer.

Methods A cross-sectional study in patients with mammographically dense breasts was conducted, and both HHBUS and ABUS were performed. Hand-held breast ultrasound was acquired by radiologists and ABUS by mammography technicians and analyzed by breast radiologists. We evaluated the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification of the exam and of the lesion, as well as the amount of time required to perform and read each exam. The statistical analysis employed was measures of central tendency and dispersion, frequencies, Student t test, and a univariate logistic regression, through the odds ratio and its respective 95% confidence interval, and with p < 0.05 considered of statistical significance.

Results A total of 440 patients were evaluated. Regarding lesions, HHBUS detected 15 (7.7%) BI-RADS 2, 175 (89.3%) BI-RADS 3, and 6 (3%) BI-RADS 4, with 3 being confirmed by biopsy as invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), and 3 false-positives. Automated breast ultrasound identified 12 (12.9%) BI-RADS 2, 75 (80.7%) BI-RADS 3, and 6 (6.4%) BI-RADS 4, including 3 lesions detected by HHBUS and confirmed as IDCs, in addition to 1 invasive lobular carcinoma and 2 high-risk lesions not detected by HHBUS. The amount of time required for the radiologist to read the ABUS was statistically inferior compared with the time required to read the HHBUS (p < 0.001). The overall concordance was 80.9%. A total of 219 lesions were detected, from those 70 lesions by both methods, 126 only by HHBUS (84.9% not suspicious by ABUS) and 23 only by ABUS.

Conclusion Compared with HHBUS, ABUS allowed adequate sonographic study in supplemental screening for breast cancer in heterogeneously dense and extremely dense breasts.
Radioembolization Outside of the Liver
Authors: Tanaka Mari E. , Wehrenberg-Klee Eric
Published: April 2021

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium-90 microspheres has emerged as an effective therapy for the treatment of both primary and metastatic hepatic lesions. It has been studied most extensively in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic colorectal lesions (mCRC). The clinical success of TARE in HCC and mCRC has led to further investigation of expanding treatment to other malignancies involving the liver such as neuroendocrine carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and breast carcinoma, among others. Furthermore, interest in applications of TARE outside of the liver is emerging and small initial studies have been performed primarily in animal models to assess the effects of TARE on other organs such as the brain, stomach, spleen, kidney, and lungs. This review summarizes existing literature on the use of TARE outside of the liver.
Hot-carrier optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor nanowires
Authors: Fast Jonatan , Aeberhard Urs , Bremner Stephen P. , Linke Heiner
Published: April 2021

In optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors, a portion of electron-hole pairs is generated as so-called hot carriers with an excess kinetic energy that is typically lost as heat. The long-standing aim to harvest this excess energy to enhance device performance has proven to be very challenging, largely due to the extremely short-lived nature of hot carriers. Efforts thus focus on increasing the hot carrier relaxation time and on tailoring heterostructures that allow for hot-carrier extraction on short time and length scales. Recently, semiconductor nanowires have emerged as a promising system to achieve these aims, because they offer unique opportunities for heterostructure engineering as well as for potentially modified phononic properties that can lead to increased relaxation times. In this review we assess the current state of theory and experiments relating to hot-carrier dynamics in nanowires, with a focus on hot-carrier photovoltaics. To provide a foundation, we begin with a brief overview of the fundamental processes involved in hot-carrier relaxation and how these can be tailored and characterized in nanowires. We then analyze the advantages offered by nanowires as a system for hot-carrier devices and review the status of proof-of-principle experiments related to hot-carrier photovoltaics. To help interpret existing experiments on photocurrent extraction in nanowires we provide modeling based on non-equilibrium Green's functions. Finally, we identify open research questions that need to be answered in order to fully evaluate the potential nanowires offer toward achieving more efficient, hot-carrier based, optoelectronic devices.
Some new results on relative entropy production, time reversal, and optimal control of time-inhomogeneous diffusion processes
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: April 2021

This paper studies time-inhomogeneous diffusion processes, including both Brownian dynamics and Langevin dynamics. We derive upper bounds of the relative entropy production for a time-inhomogeneous process with respect to the transient invariant probability measures. We also study the time reversal of the reverse process in Crooks’s fluctuation theorem. We show that the time reversal of the reverse process coincides with the optimally controlled forward process that leads to a zero variance importance sampling estimator for free energy calculations based on Jarzynski’s equality.
Using irradiation-induced defects as pinning sites to minimize self-alignment in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Chen Di , Shao Lin
Published: April 2021

Preparing bi-layer graphene under a magic twisting angle of ∼1.1° has been challenging due to its strong tendency for self-alignment. We propose a method to pin graphene layers and minimize their self-rotation when positioned close to each other. The feasibility is demonstrated by the present study using molecular dynamics simulations. C60 clusters are used to bombard two individual graphene layers, creating damage on both layers. When two irradiated layers are moving closer to each other, defects from irradiation damaged zones can interact with each other, hence acting as pinning sites to immobilize graphene and minimize rotation or gliding. Dangling bonds from defective regions of each plane induce the formation of sp bonds. Upon sliding, the bond is strong enough to induce the formation of one-dimensional carbon single chain, acting as a thread to constrain the relative movements.
Large deformation analysis of spontaneous twist and contraction in nematic elastomer fibers with helical director
Authors: Giudici Andrea , Biggins John S.
Published: April 2021

A cylindrical rubber fiber subject to a twist will also elongate: a manifestation of Poynting’s effect in large strain elasticity. Here, we construct an analogous treatment for an active rubber fiber actuated via an axisymmetric pattern of spontaneous distortion. We start by constructing an exact large-deformation solution to the equations of elasticity for such fiber subject to imposed twist and stretch, which reveals spontaneous warping and twisting of the fiber cross section absent in passive rubbers. We then compute the corresponding non-linear elastic energy, which encompasses the Poynting effect but is minimized by a finite spontaneous twist and stretch. In the second half of the paper, we apply these results to understand the twist-contraction actuation of nematic elastomer fibers fabricated with director fields that encode helical patterns of contraction on heating. We first consider patterns making a constant angle with respect to the local cylindrical coordinate system (conical spiral director curves) and verify the predicted spontaneous twist, contraction, and cross-section deformation via finite elements. Second, we consider realistic director distributions for the experimentally reported fibers fabricated by cross-linking while simultaneously applying stretch and twist. Counterintuitively, we find that the maximum actuation twist is produced by applying a finite optimal twist during fabrication. Finally, we illustrate that spontaneously twisting fibers will coil into spring-like shapes on actuation if the ends are prevented from twisting relative to each other. Such a twist–torsion coupling would allow us to make a tendril-like “soft-spring” actuator with low force and high linear stroke compared to the intrinsic contraction of the elastomer itself.
Optimized effective potentials from the random-phase approximation: Accuracy of the quasiparticle approximation
Authors: Riemelmoser Stefan , Kaltak Merzuk , Kresse Georg
Published: April 2021

The optimized effective potential (OEP) method presents an unambiguous way to construct the Kohn–Sham potential corresponding to a given diagrammatic approximation for the exchange-correlation functional. The OEP from the random-phase approximation (RPA) has played an important role ever since the conception of the OEP formalism. However, the solution of the OEP equation is computationally fairly expensive and has to be done in a self-consistent way. So far, large scale solid state applications have, therefore, been performed only using the quasiparticle approximation (QPA), neglecting certain dynamical screening effects. We obtain the exact RPA-OEP for 15 semiconductors and insulators by direct solution of the linearized Sham–Schlüter equation. We investigate the accuracy of the QPA on Kohn–Sham bandgaps and dielectric constants, and comment on the issue of self-consistency.
Selection for cooperativity causes epistasis predominately between native contacts and enables epistasis-based structure reconstruction
Authors: Eccleston R. Charlotte , Pollock David D. , Goldstein Richard A.
Published: April 2021

Significance

We investigated the relationship between cooperativity and epistasis and found low cooperativity results in high epistasis between nonnative contacts, whereas high cooperatively results in epistasis mainly between native contacts. This provides a mechanistic explanation for why epistasis measurements can be used to reconstruct protein structure. The structure of GB1 protein has been successfully reconstructed using epistasis measurements, and we calculated its epistasis distribution for a cooperative and a noncooperative model. The structure of the native state is clearly mapped out in the cooperative model but becomes obscured in the noncooperative model due to the presence of a folding intermediate. We thus conclude that using epistasis measurements to reconstruct the native state of proteins with stable intermediates may not be appropriate.
Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Buddleja madagascariensis covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Region specificity of rheumatoid foot symptoms associated with ultrasound-detected synovitis and joint destruction
Authors: Ishie Shinichiro , Ito Hiromu , Nakabo Shuichiro , Tsuji Hideaki , Nakajima Toshiki , Tsuji Yuko , Inagaki Maiko , Furu Moritoshi , Hashimoto Motomu , Murata Koichi , Murakami Kosaku , Nishitani Kohei , Tanaka Masao , Fujii Yasutomo , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

We aimed to clarify the clinical implication of ultrasound (US)-detected foot joint inflammation in tightly controlled patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We evaluated bilateral foot joints (second to fifth metatarsophalangeal joints of forefoot; tarsometatarsal, cuneonavicular and midtarsal joints of midfoot) of 430 RA patients for synovitis using Power Doppler (PD) imaging by US. We made a cross-sectional and a 3-year longitudinal analysis about the associations of US-detected synovitis with clinical, laboratory and radiographic data as well as foot-specific outcomes using a self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q).

Results

The US-detected foot synovitis was seen in 28% of patients. The US-detected synovitis was closely related to 28 joint-disease activity score (DAS28) more in the forefoot than in the midfoot, while related to joint destruction in both. Multiple regression analyses showed significant associations between midfoot PD positivity and SAFE-Q in the remission group. SAFE-Q was worsened after the 3-year interval, but PD positivity at baseline did not contribute to the changes. On the other hand, destruction of the joints with US-detected synovitis significantly progressed in 3 years than with not.

Conclusions

US-detected synovitis on foot joints were related to systemic inflammation, clinical symptoms, and future joint destruction with region specificity.
Systematic review for the treatment of older rheumatoid arthritis patients informing the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Kawahito Yutaka , Morinobu Akio , Kaneko Yuko , Seto Yohei , Kojima Toshihisa , Ito Hiromu , Kohno Masataka , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Yasumori , Nishida Keiichiro , Matsushita Isao , Murashima Atsuko , Mori Masaaki , Tanaka Eiichi , Hirata Shintaro , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Yamanaka Hisashi , Kojima Masayo , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To provide an evidence base for clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in older adults.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane library, and Japan Centra Revuo Medicina databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2019. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, with some modifications.

Results

Among 702 identified articles, there were 5 post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials and 10 observational studies. Meta-analysis of the former yielded a mean difference of the van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score of −2.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 3.74 to −1.84) for treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The risk ratio (RR) for the American College of Rheumatology 50% response rate, and for serious adverse events was 2.83 (95%CI 1.90–4.21) and 1.32 (95%CI 0.53–3.31), respectively, for Janus kinase inhibitors. Meta-analysis of the observational studies yielded an RR for disease activity score-28 remission and serious infections of 0.76 (95%CI 0.64–0.91) and 1.92 (95%CI 1.31–2.81) for older-versus-younger patients receiving biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, respectively.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides the necessary evidence for developing CPG for the management of RA in older adults.
Patients’ perspectives of rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a questionnaire survey for the 2020 update of the Japan college of rheumatology clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Kojima Masayo , Hasegawa Mieko , Hirata Shintaro , Ito Hiromu , Kaneko Yuko , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Kohno Masataka , Kojima Toshihisa , Matsushita Isao , Mori Masaaki , Morinobu Akio , Murashima Atsuko , Nishida Keiichiro , Seto Yohei , Sobue Yasumori , Sugihara Takahiko , Tanaka Eiichi , Nakayama Takeo , Kawahito Yutaka , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate patients’ opinions regarding their rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy and to reflect the patients’ perspectives in the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines.

Methods

A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 1600 members of the Japan Rheumatology Friendship Association, who were randomly selected by age and prefecture.

Results

A total of 1156 patients returned the questionnaire (response rate, 72.3%; mean age, 63.0 ± 11.9 years). Those who reported having discussed their treatment goals with their doctors (450 respondents, 38.9%) were more likely to be satisfied with their current medical care (odds ratio, 7.13; 95% CI 4.72–10.8) compared with those who had not discussed their goals nor had them explained (287 respondents, 24.8%). The benefits exceeded the adverse effects for all pharmacotherapy (methotrexate, corticosteroids, conventional synthetic antirheumatic drugs, biological agents, Janus kinase inhibitor, and anti-RANKL antibodies). However, while 74.2% of the respondents using biological agents perceived that ‘the favorable aspects outweighed the unfavorable aspects,’ most of those taking anti-RANKL antibodies (69.2%) felt uncertain.

Conclusions

The questionnaire successfully collected information regarding patients’ perceptions regarding their therapy. Further implementation of treat-to-target is necessary in Japan to improve patient satisfaction.
Comprehensive risk analysis of postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ito Hiromu , Murata Koichi , Sobue Yasumori , Kojima Toshihisa , Nishida Keiichiro , Matsushita Isao , Kawahito Yutaka , Kojima Masayo , Hirata Shintaro , Kaneko Yuko , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Kohno Masataka , Mori Masaaki , Morinobu Akio , Murashima Atsuko , Seto Yohei , Sugihara Takahiko , Tanaka Eiichi , Nakayama Takeo , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To examine the risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI), delayed wound healing, and death after orthopedic surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We identified articles indexed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Japan Centra Revuo Medicina Web published from 2013 to 2019 and other articles. Articles fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically and their quality was appraised according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system with some modifications.

Results

After inclusion and exclusion by full-text review, 29 articles were analyzed. Use of biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs was a risk factor of SSI (risk ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.25–2.19), but not of delayed wound healing. RA itself was a risk factor of SSI, and oral glucocorticoid use was a risk factor of SSI in three of the four studies analyzed and of postoperative death. Age, male sex, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgical factors such as foot/ankle and spine surgery and longer operative time were risk factors of those postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Patients with those factors should be dealt with appropriate cautions to strike a risk–benefit balance of orthopedic surgeries.
Psychology of climate change (Psicología del cambio climático)
Authors: Corral-Verdugo Victor
Published: April 2021

Anthropogenic climate change, caused by the uncontrolled emission of greenhouse gases, is perhaps the greatest global challenge facing humanity. Psychology is the science of behaviour, so it takes on the task of studying and proposing coping strategies with regard to CC. Two strategies are possible: to mitigate the consequences of CC; and to adapt to those consequences. This article summarizes the main findings of psycho-environmental research related to psychological and situational predictors of coping responses to CC. It reviews the role of cognitive-rational determinants, affective-emotional factors, behavioural capabilities, personality traits and situational factors that facilitate mitigation and adaptive actions to CC. The paper concludes by discussing the role that psychology could play in global CC coping strategies, recognizing that there is a need to increase interest within the psychology community in the pressing problems of climate change.
On the stability and accuracy of the empirical interpolation method and gravitational wave surrogates
Authors: Tiglio Manuel , Villanueva Aarón
Published: April 2021

The combination of the reduced basis and the empirical interpolation method (EIM) approaches have produced outstanding results in many disciplines. In particular, in gravitational wave (GW) science these results range from building non-intrusive surrogate models for GWs to fast parameter estimation adding the use of reduced order quadratures. These surrogates have the salient feature of being essentially indistinguishable from or very close to supercomputer simulations of the Einstein equations, but can be evaluated in the order of a millisecond per multipole mode on a standard laptop. In this article we clarify a common misperception of the EIM as originally introduced and used in practice in GW science. Namely, we prove that the EIM at each iteration chooses the interpolation nodes so as to make the related Vandermonde-type matrix as invertible as possible; not necessarily optimizing its conditioning or accuracy of the interpolant as is sometimes thought. In fact, we introduce two new variations of the EIM, nested as well, which do optimize with respect to conditioning and the Lebesgue constant, respectively, and compare them through numerical experiments with the original EIM using GWs. Our analyses and numerical results suggest a subtle relationship between solving for the original EIM, conditioning, and the Lebesgue constant, in consonance with active research in rigorous approximation theory and related fields.
Three-body inertia tensor
Authors: Ee June-Haak , Jung Dong-Won , Kim U-Rae , Kim Dohyun , Lee Jungil
Published: April 2021

We derive a general formula for the inertia tensor of a rigid body consisting of three particles with which students can learn basic properties of the inertia tensor without calculus. The inertia-tensor operator is constructed by employing the Dirac’s bra-ket notation to obtain the inertia tensor in an arbitrary frame of reference covariantly. The principal axes and moments of inertia are computed when the axis of rotation passes the center of mass. The formulas are expressed in terms of the relative displacements of particles that are determined by introducing Lagrange’s undetermined multipliers. This is a heuristic example analogous to the addition of a gauge-fixing term to the Lagrangian density in gauge field theories. We confirm that the principal moments satisfy the perpendicular-axis theorem of planar lamina. Two special cases are considered as pedagogical examples. One is a water-molecule-like system in which a particle is placed on the vertical bisector of two identical particles. The other is the case in which the center of mass coincides with the incenter of the triangle whose vertices are placed at the particles. The principal moment of the latter example about the normal axis is remarkably simple and proportional to the product ‘abc’ of the three relative distances. We expect that this new formula can be used in actual laboratory classes for general physics or undergraduate classical mechanics.
A pedagogical introduction to the Schwinger variational principle: an application to low energy positron-atom scattering
Authors: Seidel Eliton Popovicz , Arretche Felipe
Published: April 2021

We present a pedagogical introduction to the Schwinger variational principle. As a model problem, we consider the low energy positron-atom scattering in the static approximation. The mathematical aspects and physical assumptions of the method, with attention to the construction and selection of trial scattering basis sets, are discussed in detail. Emphasis is given in the numerical implementation, usually neglected in scattering textbooks where the Schwinger variational principle is presented. Issues of convergence, phase shifts, scattering lengths and elastic cross sections are presented for positron-hydrogen and positron-krypton scattering.
Triple plasmon-induced transparency in graphene and metal metamaterials and its anomalous property
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhimin , Zhang Zhenbin , Qin Yipeng , Zhuo Shanshan , Luo Xin , Zhou Fengqi , Yi Zao , Wang Jiawei , Wang Yuqing
Published: April 2021

A silicon-graphene-silica periodic graphene metamaterial, comprising of a graphene-strip, graphene-block, and graphene-ribbon, is proposed to realize dynamic triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). Coupled mode theory is employed to explain this phenomenon, and the results are in close agreement with the finite-difference time-domain simulation. It is interesting to note that the triple-PIT can also be realized by using silver instead of graphene and silicon layer. When the Fermi level of the graphene is 0.75 eV, the difference of the triple-PIT based on the two structure types is easily analyzed because the resonant frequencies are effectively coincident. As a result, the structure of graphene exhibits better absorption characteristics compared with that of silver, however, it decreases with increasing Fermi levels within graphene. Thus, the higher Fermi level of graphene is not suitable for the absorbers. Furthermore, the anomalous property of graphene triple-PIT that is attributed to the interaction way of the dark mode differing from the bright mode is analyzed compared with the silver triple-PIT, and it can be used to compensate for the defects of silver PIT. This study is significant for the absorber for which the graphene is utilized. The insights gained from the comparison between metal and graphene are crucial to the design of the metamaterials for which graphene and metal are used.
Coarse grained simulation of the aggregation and structure control of polyethylene nanocrystals
Authors: Flachmüller Alexander , Mecking Stefan , Peter Christine
Published: April 2021

Polyethylene (PE) telechelics with carboxylate functional groups at both ends have been shown to assemble into hexagonal nanocrystal platelets with a height defined by their chain length in basic CsOH-solution. In this coarse grained (CG) simulation study we show how properties of the functional groups alter the aggregation and crystallization behavior of those telechelics. Systematic variation of the parameters of the CG model showed that important factors which control nanoparticle stability and structure are the PE chain length and the hydrophilicity and the steric demand of the head groups. To characterize the aggregation process we analyzed the number and size of the obtained aggregates as well as intramolecular order and intermolecular alignment of the polymer chains. By comparison of CG and atomistic simulation data, it could be shown that atomistic simulations representing different chemical systems can be emulated with specific, different CG parameter sets. Thus, the results from the (generic) CG simulation models can be used to explain the effect of different head groups and different counterions on the aggregation of PE telechelics and the order of the obtained nanocrystals.
The effect of barrier layers on 2D electron effective mass in Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Sonmez F , Ardali S , Lisesivdin S B , Malin T , Mansurov V , Zhuravlev K , Tiras E
Published: April 2021

The Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) effect measurements have been performed to evaluate the influence of Si3N4 passivation, a spacer layer, and Si-doped barrier layer on the electronic transport parameters of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN/GaN heterostructures under temperatures from 1.8 K to 40 K and at a magnetic field up to 11 T. The 2D electron effective mass (m*), 2D carrier density (N
2D), the difference between Fermi level and subband energy levels (E
F − E
1), quantum lifetime (τ
q) are determined by analyzing SdH oscillations. Although investigated samples with equal 2D electron density are examined, the effective mass values of 2D electrons are deduced within the range of (0.16 ± 0.005)m
0 and (0.23 ± 0.005)m
0. Results reveal that passivation, a spacer layer, and doping affect 2D electron effective mass. Furthermore, the dominant scattering mechanisms that limited electron transport is determined as a long-range scattering for all investigated sample. The results obtained provide information for the high-performance device application of these samples.