bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dezentrale Konzentration in Großstadtregionen
Authors: Brake Klaus
Published: March 2010

Das Leitbild der „dezentralen Konzentration” für Großstadtregionen orientiert auf die „Stadt vor der Stadt”. Dazu bedarf es der Absicherung in Flächennutzungs-bzw. Standortinteressen insbesondere der gewerblichen Wirtschaft. Entsprechende Potentiale aufzuspüren, war Ziel einer DFG-Studie mit Fallstudien in ausgewählten Räumen. Die Untersuchung vom Verlauf der Gewerbesuburbanisierung und dem Umgang damit ergab nur bedingt derartige Potentiale. Während die hauptsächliche Entwicklung in der Peripherie der Kernstädte als Ausbreitung und ungeordnet höchstens eine „faktische konzentrierte Dezentralisierung” darstellt und Städte im „2. Ring” bisweilen eine interessante „relative dezentrale Konzentration” aufweisen, verzeichnen die dafür eigentlich prädestinierten Mittelzentren des „1. Rings” lediglich eine „verhinderte dezentrale Konzentration”. Entsprechender Handlungsbedarf zeichnet sich ab: für den „Speckgürtel” eine auf Zentren orientierte Anreicherung bzw. Profilierung; für den 1. Ring eine Sicherung von Ansätzen und für den 2. Ring eine Stabilisierung. In jedem Fall ist die regionale Raumordnung gefordert.
Die Zentrale-Orte-Systeme der Bundesländer
Authors: Stiens Gerhard , Pick Doris
Published: March 2010

Eine schriftliche Umfrage der BfLR im Dezember 1997 bei den Ländern zu den jeweiligen Zentrale-Orte-Systemen (ZOS) erbrachte u.a. folgende Ergebnisse: Es bestehen sehr große Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern, was die Differenzierung derStufigkeit der Zentrale-Orte-Hierarchie und die Mindestbevölkerungszahlen für zentralörtliche Verflechtungsbereiche der verschiedenen Stufen anbelangt. Und bei der durchschnittlichen Erreichbarkeit der Oberzentren und Mittelzentren gibt es allein schon zwischen den alten Bundesländern erhebliche Unterschiede. Manche Länder schienen eher dieTragfähigkeit (d.h. die Träger) der Einrichtungen in den zentralen Orten im Auge gehabt zu haben, und bei anderen Länder scheint eher die Erreichbarkeit der Einrichtungen im Vordergrund gestanden haben.

Insgesamt sind die deutschenBundesländer für die Beibehaltung des Zentrale-Orte-Konzeptsin der Form eines integrierten Bestandteils des Systems landes-und regionalplanerischer Ziele und Instrumente. Doch werden Innovationen und eine Flexibilisierung der Anwendung für nötig erachtet. Eine Reihe von Ländern sieht im Zentrale-Orte-Konzept zudem einen unverzichtbaren Baustein für eine amPrinzip der Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtete Siedlungsstrukturplanung.
Standortbewertung mit Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Wolfertz Klaus
Published: March 2010

In today's competitive environment, local authorities are forced to adopt a strategic approach to locational marketing. However, all too often they do not have the resources required to develop a strategy which is thoroughly researched. In such cases marketing measures will almost inevitably fail to meet expectations. A possible remedy is provided by what is referred to as a „knowledge-based system”, which supports economic-development agencies at localauthority level in the search for the right strategy. In processing the information required, which tends in most cases to be either incomplete or „fuzzy”, a key role is played by methods associated with fuzzy logic. Preliminary tests in practice using a system programmed in this way are very promising.
Schulabgänger ohne Hauptschulabschluss
Authors: Franz Peter , Lang Cornelia
Published: March 2010

This rise in the number of complaints coming both from entrepreneurs and from business organisations about the unsatisfactory levels of education displayed by school-leavers suggests a failure to match the increased demand for „human capital„ with sufficient supply of the right quality. One indicator of this problem is the rise since the beginning of the 1990s — both in absolute terms and proportionately — in the number of young people leaving school without even minimal qualifications — i.e. the certificate of achievement awarded by secondary modern schools, the so-called Hauptschulabschluss. Young males are almost twice as likely to fall into this category as young females; in eastern Germany young Germans are more likely to leave school without qualifications than in the west of the country. The disparities among the various Länder cannot be accounted for satisfactorily solely by reference to per capita spending or class size. Within the three Länder subjected to closer examination, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg, there are striking differences from county to county in the percentage of school-leavers who have failed to attain the Hauptschulabschluss. Among a number of different variables which may be assumed to have produced these regional disparities, one which appears to contribute to lowering the proportion of young people leaving school without qualifications is the range of educational opportunities available in a particular county. Counties which consistently record above-average rates for male school-leavers without qualifications are called upon to respond through appropriate educational policies.
Perspektiven einer sozialen Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Renner Mechthild
Published: March 2010

Towns and cities are places influx — and this applies equally to their population structure and social make-up. The last few decades have seen an accelerating change in age, household and income structures. Many of the challenges posed by this shift were anticipated by the Ministry for Building, Housing and Urban Development (now the Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Housing). For example, the „Experimental Housing and Urban Development" programme experimented with various models for responding to the ageing of the population and to the growing divergence of life-styles. In 1999 a programme was launched jointly by the federal government and the Länder with the title „Urban Quarters in need of special development — the Social City" with the aim of addressing the growing social polarisation found within towns and cities. This article discusses the actual challenges encountered in implementing this „quarter-orientated” approach. The concept of a „social city” was intended to be driven by an overarching vision and the consent of the civic society, and not simply to be the outcome of a number of piecemeal departmental measures and sectoral policies. It is seen, after all, as a matter not of compensatory but of enabling policy.
Zwischen Gentrification und Abwärtsspirale
Authors: Herfert Günter
Published: March 2010

Based on a comparative analysis of different types of housing quarters in the large city regions Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz in Saxony, the question was considered to what extent the socio-spatial division in the city regions has already taken place at the end of the 1990's, how high the degree of satisfaction is among the inhabitants of the housing quarters and which development trends could result from the potential intentions to move out. As a result of the great dynamics of selective migrations/moves it became clear that the social segregation of the housing quarters is already far advanced. In addition to the forecast developments in the large housing estates, where a process of decline is partly already reinforcing itself continuously, further problematic developments of housing quarters are emerging in the ordinary areas from the period of industrial expansion and_ — which has been completely ignored in previous considerations so far_ — in some new suburban housing estates.
Erreichbarkeiten und Einwohnerpotenziale Zentraler Orte
Authors: Gather Matthias
Published: March 2010

In the course of up-dating the State Development Plan for the federal state of Thuringia, and against the backdrop of dwindling populations and improvements in accessibility, the decision was taken to overhaul the “central-place” concept introduced in 1993. Drawing on accessibility analyses based on private-car use, the future population potentials of so-called “higher-order centres” have been recalculated in order to gauge the long-term significance of such centres for spatial planning within the state. In the light of current levels of infrastructure endowment and capacity utilisation, the authors are able to proceed to formulating recommendations for a future system of “central places” which strives to mediate between blanket supply and economic viability. The current and anticipated shortcomings thus revealed in respect of accessibility provide important pointers toward the types of supplementary structure-policy measures which the state will need to adopt in the future.
Standortpräferenzen, intraregionale Wanderungen und Verkehrsverhalten
Authors: Bauer Uta , Holz-Rau Christian , Scheiner Joachim
Published: March 2010

The contribution focuses on the dependence of intra-regional migration behaviour of private households from their migration motives, housing needs and locational requirements, as well as on interdependencies between locational decisions and individual travel behaviour. The results are based on a household survey carried out in the region of Dresden, which is put in context with empiricial results of other studies. The results show that migrations correspond with the housing requirements and locational preferences of the respective household, but they are also influenced by external conditions. As a consequence, locational behaviour affects mode choice and activity spaces of the household members, but in turn, locational behaviour itself is influenced by household motorization. The contribution concludes with some considerations on the compatibility of the locational preferences of private households and individuals with the guiding principle of compact settlement structures.
Auswirkungen einer geänderten Lohnsteuerzerlegung zwischen Stadtstaat und Umland — das Beispiel Hamburg
Authors: Wixforth Jürgen
Published: March 2010

Within German city states the income tax distribution according to registered residence leads to disproportionately high revenue losses. Due to commuting employees city states lose both their municipal and federal rates to their surrounding residential municipalities and Federal States. This paper simulates the modified distribution of the local income tax revenue in case of an equal split between registered residence and place of work. Emphasis is laid on the fiscal impacts for suburbia. Considering the Hamburg region as an example it is shown that both the city state and the suburban centres would profit from a modified allocation.
Flächen- und Maßnahmenpools im Rahmen der Eingriffsregelung
Authors: Ohlenburg Holger , Herberg Alfred
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Mit Bioenergie zur Energieautonomie?
Authors: Beckmann Gisela , Schmitt Maria
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Alt werden und jung bleiben — Die Region München als Lebensmittelpunkt zukünftiger Senioren?
Authors: Kramer Caroline , Pfaffenbach Carmella
Published: March 2010

The article starts from the assumption that the current generation of 50-plus, due to differences in structural conditions and biographical background, differs considerably from today's senior citizens in terms of capabilities and expectations. This circumstance is discussed with regard to its consequences for the development of the Munich metropolitan area. Based on qualitative interviews, the current living conditions, future conceptions of life, and visions of aging of this cohort are presented. The conclusion is drawn that these future senior citizens represent increasing demand for inexpensive housing, while having little need for infrastructure designed to suit the special needs of the elderly in the near future. In the case of this cohort, demand for such facilities will set in at a much later point in time. However, whenever the need does arise, a larger group will have to be accommodated.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Regionalisierung der regionalen Strukturpolitik
Authors: Bade Franz-Josef
Published: March 2010

Der folgende Beitrag ist in drei Teile gegliedert. Der erste befaßt sich mit den Gründen und Möglichkeiten einer Regionalpolitik, die unter dem Stichwort „regionalisierte Strukturpolitik” mit einem wesentlichen Wandel in der regionalpolitischen Konzeption und Durchführung verbunden ist und die inzwischen eine Reihe von Nachahmern in anderen Bundesländern wie Niedersachsen oder Baden-Württemberg gefunden hat. Im zweiten Teil werden einige Aspekte behandelt, die den Erfolg einer solchen regionalisierten Strukturpolitik einschränken und gefährden könnten. Zum Abschluß werden einige Handlungsempfehlungen angesprochen.
Planungsprinzipien für eine nachhaltige Siedlungsentwicklung in Verdichtungsräumen
Authors: Hilligardt Jan
Published: March 2010

Derzeit werden die Möglichkeiten der Konkretisierung des Leitbildes der nachhaltigen Entwicklung (Sustainable Development) auf breiter Basis diskutiert sowie erste Ansätze zur Umsetzung initiiert. Als eine besondere Herausforderung wird dabei auch das Aufgabenfeld nachhaltige Siedlungsentwicklung in Verdichtungsräumen gesehen. Bislang konnte jedoch in Wissenschaft und Praxis weder ein Konsens über die Definition noch über die Konkretisierung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung bzw. einer nachhaltigen Siedlungsentwicklung für Verdichtungsräume erzielt werden.

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Ansatz zur Konkretisierung einer nachhaltigen Siedlungsentwicklung für Verdichtungsräume wieder. Diese Konkretisierung wird im Wege der Entwicklung von Planungsprinzipien unternommen, die bei der weiteren Siedlungsplanung in Verdichtungsräumen zu beachten sind, um zu einer nachhaltigen Siedlungsentwicklung zu kommen.
Vom Monitoring zum Controlling
Authors: Birkmann Jörn
Published: March 2010

Sustainability indicators are regarded as vital instruments for the successful implementation of sustainable spatial development. However, many previous approaches have limited themselves to an essentially descriptive or reporting function. The fact that many concepts fail to go beyond enumerating desirable indicators has meant that in most cases these indicators do not end up being properly integrated within the planning and decision-making processes of regional and state-level spatial planning. This article discusses a number of possible ways of refining sustainability indicators as demonstrated by a monitoring and controlling system for the land-use type “commercial space”. Whereas other studies on the topic of regional sustainability indicators have tended to concentrate primarily on the goal of regional comparisons and rankings, the approach discussed here aims to show how indicators may be put to use as tools within the planning process. Consequently, the monitoring- and controlling-based approach is not presented simply in abstract or theoretical terms, but is rather underpinned by a review of the results of its application in the Eastern Thuringia region as an illustration of the benefits it promises for planning practice.
Vorbeugender Hochwasserschutz im Rahmen der Regionalplanung in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Bongartz Michael
Published: March 2010

The catastrophic flooding of recent years has revealed the inadequacy of formally defined flood-protection areas as a means of guaranteeing the necessary levels of containment in water meadows. If we are to effectively alleviate the gravity of such critical cases of flooding, it will be necessary both to restore the water-retention spaces previously maintained, and also to create additional flood plains. As a precautionary measure, where land has already been earmarked (including for development) to serve these purposes, it will be particularly vital to ensure that this intention is not thwarted by permitting conflicting land uses. This is the prime task of regional planning, and, in the form of what are termed „area development plans”, it has at its disposal in North Rhine-Westphalia a sophisticated and effective array of planning instruments capable of meeting the key requirement of precautionary flood protection, namely that of securing the spaces required, initially by indicating them as „flood areas”, and subsequently by designating them specifically for this purpose within legally-binding land-use plans. This article describes the scope for action available in spatial planning as reflected in regional planning in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Klimawandel — Eine Herausforderung an die Raumplanung
Authors: Ritter Ernst-Hasso
Published: March 2010

Policy and Practice Perspective
Strukturförderung und die Beachtung von Umweltbelangen in den USA
Authors: Klein Reinhard
Published: March 2010

Im Anschluß an Teil 11 schildert dieser Teil der zusammengefaßten Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung, die der Autor 1997 in den USA erstellt hat,2 zunächst das US-System zur Beachtung der Umweltbelange in der Entscheidungsfindung. An den Beispielen der Maßnahmen derEconomic Development Administration und derCommunity Development Block Grants wird die Praxis der Umweltprüfung strukturrelevanter Maßnahmen des Bundes dargestellt. Danach wird die Bedeutung von Umweltgenehmigungen beleuchtet. Nach einer kurzen allgemeinen Bewertung der US-Erfahrungen schließt der Beitrag mit ausführlichen Schlußfolgerungen für die Strukturpolitik der Europäischen Union und deren Durchführung. Integration, Durchsetzung, Unterstützung, Offenheit sowie Begleitung und Kontrolle sind die angesprochenen Grundsätze.
Global denken, lokal handeln und profitieren?
Authors: Von Seht Hauke
Published: March 2010

The measures taken by local authorities in the field of climate protection contribute not only to curbing the man-made greenhouse effect. In some cases, these measures also have impacts on the local labour market, on local air quality, or on price stability and the possibility of guaranteeing supply in the energy sector. This article analyses “secondary effects” of this kind and their relevance for the climate-protection policies of local authorities.
Zehn Jahre gemeinsame Planung von Berlin und Brandenburg
Authors: Krappweis Stefan
Published: March 2010

The states of Berlin and Brandenburg, for centuries component parts of one common state, sought co-operation immediately after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and in a very short time they were able to formulate initial common foundations for planning. While the two sides were able to reach a speedy and lasting agreement on content (general guidelines and aims for regional policy and joint spatial development), the search for a suitable institutional form for co-operation developed into something of a “march through the institutions”. In the end, the political will to unify both states solved the problem of institutional form: as a “partial merger”, the amalgamation of the planning authorities of both states to create the Joint Spatial Development Department was intended to serve as an example of what could be achieved in the run-up to the referendum on “full merger” in May 1996. Berlin’s accretion of competences in the Joint Spatial Development Department has settled the controversy about the extension and the cut of sub-regional planning areas (a planning association for Berlin and its hinterland (Berlin) versus the so-called “pie-slice model” (Brandenburg)).
Wanderungsmotive zugewanderter älterer Menschen
Authors: Born Karl Martin , Goltz Elke , Saupe Gabriele
Published: March 2010

Rural peripheral areas in East Germany are often perceived as difficult regional cases for revitalisation; however, the problems in these regions are relatively neglected in comparison to the population decline or the degradation of accommodation in urban areas. In the context of regional development the aspects of the extent and motivation of elderly migrants into these areas are also marginalized. Although the current debates on the demographical change encompass rural areas as well the re-interpretation of the post-productivist life phase of the elderly and their impact on those areas deserves more attention. The paper presents the results from an enquiry amongst elderly migrants into the rural areas of Brandenburg and assesses their “potential” for rural development. Finally, the results from the enquiry lead to the consideration of necessary changes and improvements for spatial planning specifically aimed at the needs of the elderly.
Forschungen der ARL zu den räumlichen Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels
Authors: Tönnies Gerd
Published: March 2010

Coping with demographic change constitutes one of the central challenges of the states and societies in Europe for the coming decades. Following a short review of the regional impacts of demographic change and the related policy requirements of spatial planning, the article aims to consider the variety of research projects which the German Academy for Regional Research and Regional Planning (ARL) is carrying out at present in the thematic field “Spatial Impacts of Demographic Change”.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Interactions with Police Among a National Sample of Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cattaneo Lauren Bennett
Published: March 2010

Using a national dataset of 820 women who had called the police for an incident of intimate partner violence, this study explored the relationship between several components of socioeconomic status (education, income, and employment), race, and the nature of interactions with police. Over and above the effects of control variables (the presence of an advocate on the scene, the severity of violence in the relationship, and prior calls to police), victims with higher education reported less positive interactions, less control during the interactions, and lower effectiveness of police. Race did not moderate these relationships, and the other components of socioeconomic status were not significantly related to any of the outcomes. Exploratory tests of mediation found that the relationship between education and the quality of interactions with police was explained by the fact that more educated victims felt they had less control in these incidents and were less likely to see the offender arrested. Results also provide evidence for the positive impact of advocates on interactions with police. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Nuclear Power: Renaissance or Relapse? Global Climate Change and Long‐Term Three Mile Island Activists’ Narratives
Authors: Culley Marci R. , Angelique Holly
Published: March 2010

Community narratives are increasingly important as people move towards an ecologically sustainable society. Global climate change is a multi‐faceted problem with multiple stakeholders. The voices of affected communities must be heard as we make decisions of global significance. We document the narratives of long‐term anti‐nuclear activists near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant who speak out in the dawn of a nuclear renaissance/relapse. While nuclear power is marketed as a “green” solution to global warming, their narratives reveal three areas for consideration; (1) significant problems with nuclear technology, (2) lessons “not” learned from the TMI disaster, and (3) hopes for a sustainable future. Nuclear waste, untrustworthy officials and economic issues were among the problems cited. Deceptive shaping of public opinion, nuclear illiteracy, and an aging anti‐nuclear movement were reasons cited for the lessons not learned. However, many remain optimistic and envision increased participation to create an ecologically‐balanced world.
Anxious Patients with Benign Scrotal Symptoms Achieve Excellent Reassurance from Imaging in a One-Stop Clinic
Authors: Barrass B.J.R. , Scurrell S. , Banerjee G. , Parry J.R.W.
Published: March 2010

Objective:

Testicular cancer is rare but anxiety about this possible diagnosis is common among men with scrotal symptoms. We prospectively evaluated patient reassurance and satisfaction provided by a dedicated one-stop testicular assessment clinic.

Patients and Methods:

100 patients reporting scrotal symptoms attended the clinic and received a standardised clinical assessment, examination and scrotal ultrasound scan. At the end of the consultation patients completed a validated satisfaction, anxiety and reassurance questionnaire.

Results:

Overall patients were moderately anxious about their diagnosis (mean anxiety score 5/10) and 31% were highly anxious (anxiety score >7/10). Reassurance from the clinic was high with 90% expressing reassurance scores of 9/10 or greater and 96% expressing a satisfaction score of 9/10 or greater. Increased general anxiety predicted anxiety about the testicular diagnosis; however, when stratified by anxiety, the clinic was able to reassure men regardless of their baseline anxiety. Reassurance by the clinic appeared superior to primary care.

Conclusion:

These findings confirm anxiety is fairly common among men with testicular symptoms and a dedicated specialist one-stop testicular clinic provides a very high level of reassurance and satisfaction for these men.
Somatic mutation in the ACK1 ubiquitin association domain enhances oncogenic signaling through EGFR regulation in renal cancer derived cells
Authors: Chua Boon Tin , Lim Shu Jing , Tham Su Chin , Poh Wei Jie , Ullrich Axel
Published: March 2010

Activated Cdc42‐associated Kinase, ACK1, is a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase with numerous interacting partners, including Cdc42 and EGFR. Gene amplification and overexpression of ACK1 were found in many cancer types such as those of the lung and prostate. Previously, we identified both somatic‐ and germ line missense mutations in the ACK1 coding sequence, by surveying 261 cancer cell lines and 15 control tissues. Here, we verified and characterized the non‐synonymous mutation, ACK‐S985 N, located in the ubiquitin association domain of the protein.

Both overexpression and silencing experiments in MCF7 and A498 cells, respectively, demonstrated a role of the ACK1 S985 N mutation in enhancing cell proliferation, migration and anchorage‐independent growth as well as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Further, we showed that the ACK1 S985 N mutant is unable to bind ubiquitin, unlike the wild type kinase. This contributed to ACK1 protein stability and stabilized EGFR after EGF stimulation, thereby prolonging mitogenic signaling in cancer cells. In addition, the ACK1 S985 N‐EGFR interaction is enhanced, but not the ubiquitination of the receptor. Intriguingly, silencing of ACK1 in A498 cells sensitized the renal carcinoma cells to gefitinib, against which they are otherwise resistant.

The work demonstrates that other than gene amplification, a single somatic mutation in ACK1 can result in extended protein stability enabling the oncoprotein to exert its oncogenic function in tumor progression. It also provides a rationale to target ACK1 in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs, such as EGFR inhibitors, to potentiate therapeutic action against resistant tumors.
Successful Treatment of Metastatic Brain Tumor by CyberKnife: A Case Report
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Ta , Chang Cheng‐Fu , Liu Ming‐Ying , Chang Li‐Ping , Hueng Dueng‐Yuan , Steven D. Chang , Ju Da‐Tong
Published: March 2010

Stereotactic radiosurgery plays an important role in management of metastatic brain tumors, especially when the tumor has recurred after treatment with previous whole brain radiotherapy. Most metastatic brain tumors less than 1 cm3 show a complete response after stereotactic radio‐surgery. However, there are few reports of a dramatic change in the complete response of large metastatic brain tumors. Here, we report a case of adenocarcinoma of lung that had metastasized to the brain. Because the recurrence of the metastatic brain tumor measured approximately 3 cm in diameter, the tumor was previously treated with two prior craniotomies followed by whole brain radiation to the resection cavity. The tumor subsequently recurred and was treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (CyberKnife). A dramatic response was noted 3 months after radiosurgery with complete disappearance of the recurrent tumor.
Bilateral Ureteral Leiomyoma With Bilateral Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Wang Hsun‐Shuan , Huang Chun‐Hsiung , Chen Ming‐Tan , Wu Wen‐Jeng
Published: March 2010

Leiomyomas are benign tumors characterized by overgrowth of visceral smooth muscle in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female reproductive tracts. They rarely develop in the urinary system and only 10 cases of unilateral ureteral leiomyoma (UL) have been reported since 1955. No cases of bilateral UL or ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to UL have ever been reported. We present a case of bilateral UL with bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case report in the English literature.
Fibre product approach to index pairings for the generic Hopf fibration of SUq(2)
Authors: Wagner Elmar
Published: March 2010

A fibre product construction is used to give a description of quantum line bundles over the generic Podlés spheres obtained by gluing two quantum discs along their boundaries. Representatives of the corresponding K0-classes are given in terms of 1-dimensional projections belonging to the C*-algebra, and in terms of analogues of the classical Bott projections. The K0-classes of quantum line bundles derived from the generic Hopf fibration of quantum SU(2) are determined and the index pairing is computed. It is argued that taking the projections obtained from the fibre product construction yields a significant simplification of earlier index computations.
The Sparham Corpse Panels: Unique Revelations of Death from Late Fifteenth-Century England
Authors: Luxford Julian
Published: March 2010

Two late fifteenth-century rood-screen panels in Sparham church, near Norwich, display images of corpses that are apparently unique in surviving medieval art. One is painted with two standing corpses dressed in finery, the other with a corpse arising from a tomb within a church, with a font to one side. Both panels are notable for their surviving inscriptions, and others now lost. Together, these works constitute one of the most significant English contributions to the genre of death imagery, yet their uniqueness and artistic importance has not been recognized to date. Using a range of medieval and antiquarian sources, this article aims to provide a comprehensive account of the Sparham panels’ physical and historical context, iconography and meaning. The strong possibility that they functioned as a ‘surrogate sepulchral monument’ is discussed at the end of the paper.
IMPROVING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEA ARABICA AFTER CHANGING THE PATTERN OF LEAF GAS EXCHANGE BY WATERING CYCLES
Authors: NOVAES PAULA , SOUZA JOÃO PAULO , ASSIS PRADO CARLOS HENRIQUE BRITTO
Published: March 2010

Hardening of Coffea arabica saplings by watering cycles (WCs) might be a suitable practice to achieve higher tolerance to low leaf water potential (Ψleaf) before transplanting to the field. As a consequence, hardening could promote growth and biomass gain during the initial development of C. arabica in the field. Thus, the less interrupted initial growth in a changing environment should confer higher flowering intensity in hardened than in control plants. The aim of this work was to verify if leaf gas exchange and Ψleaf behaviour of C. arabica saplings grafted on C. canephora showed consistent alterations during hardening by WCs and if this was effective to improve vegetative and reproductive growth under field conditions. For these reasons, saplings of the Mundo Novo cultivar of C. arabica grafted on C. canephora were submitted to seven WCs over 35 days. Each WC was completed when net photosynthesis was close to zero. The pattern of leaf gas exchange, mainly stomatal conductance (gs), was modified permanently after three WCs and the new pattern of leaf gas exchange could result in a more positive water balance and less interrupted development of C. arabica saplings in the field, particularly due to permanent low values of gs. After field transplantation, hardened plants showed greater height and stem diameter, more leaves and branches, and superior biomass production in leaves, stem and roots than control plants in dry and wet periods. The number of flowers was also significantly higher in hardened than in control plants. On the other hand, similar values were found between control and hardened plants in the leaf area ratio and the shoot/root ratio. Therefore, previous hardening by WCs was effective in improving leaf gas exchange, vegetative and reproductive development under field conditions and maintained the original biomass partitioning among the main plant compartments in dry and wet periods.
Interfacial instability due to evaporation and convection: linear and nonlinear analyses
Authors: GUO W. , NARAYANAN R.
Published: March 2010

Interfacial instability arising from evaporation of a single component liquid is investigated using linear and weakly nonlinear analysis. Evaporative convection is studied taking into account the fluid dynamics of both liquid and vapour phases as well as lateral rigid sidewalls. Both open and closed systems are addressed. The nature of the bifurcation and the change in heat flux in the nonlinear regime are determined. It is shown that depending upon the aspect ratio of the geometry, either supercritical or subcritical branching behaviour is possible.
Determinants of the prevalence ofHeligmosomum costellatum(Heligmosomidae: Trichostrongyloidea) in a common vole population in southern Moravia, Czech Republic
Authors: Janova E. , Skoric M. , Heroldova M. , Tenora F. , Fictum P. , Pavlik I.
Published: March 2010

A study of nematode (Heligmosomum costellatum) prevalence in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) population was performed in 2002 and 2003 in an agricultural region of southern Moravia, Czech Republic. The influence of the trapping date, body weight, age, gender and reproduction of the common vole on the prevalence of the larvae ofH. costellatumencapsulated in the stomach wall was examined. Of 503 common voles examined, 27.6% wereH. costellatumpositive. The prevalence ofH. costellatumin the common vole population was influenced mainly by the weight, trapping date, year and reproductive state, as well as by the interactions between year and gender and between year and reproductive state. The influence of age was weak. The most infected common vole groups were the older, heavier and already reproducing females captured from April to August and all voles captured in 2002. In general, parasite prevalence seems to be dependent on the population parameters of the host species. However, theH. costellatumprevalence study in a single common vole population was not sufficient to fully describe and explain the nematode–host interactions.
Formant frequencies of vowels in 13 accents of the British Isles
Authors: Ferragne Emmanuel , Pellegrino François
Published: March 2010

This study is a formant-based investigation of the vowels of male speakers in 13 accents of the British Isles. It provides F1/F2 graphs (obtained with a semi-automatic method) which could be used as starting points for more thorough analyses. The article focuses on both phonetic realization and systemic phenomena, and it also provides detailed information on automatic formant measurements. The aim is to obtain an up-to-date picture of within- and between-accent vowel variation in the British Isles. F1/F2 graphs plot z-scored Bark-transformed formant frequencies, and values in Hertz are also provided. Along with the findings, a number of methodological issues are addressed.
HEPATITIS B AND PREGNANCY, THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR PERINATAL PREVENTION
Authors: CHEN CHIEN-YI , CHANG MEI-HWEI
Published: March 2010

Hepatitis B and its complications are one of the major global health problems. Around 2 billion individuals are infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, more than 350 million are chronically infected, and approximately 15 to 40 percents of them will develop serious complications such as liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The worldwide prevalence of chronic HBV infection ranges from 0.1 to 20 percent and varies widely in different geographic areas. According to the prevalence rate, WHO has classified countries into 3 levels: high areas (>8%) such as Africa, Asia, Western Pacific and Middle East; intermediate areas (2–8%) such as South America and Eastern Europe, and low areas (<2%) such as Western Europe, North America, and Australia.
Evaluation of cardiac function in healthy children native to 1890 metres
Authors: Zeybek Cenap , Tasyenen Vildan , Kazanci Elif , Boga Aysun
Published: March 2010

Objective

The aim of the study is, by comparing cardiac parameters between children native to 1890 metres with children living at sea level, to find out whether there is any impairment in cardiac function related to that altitude.

Methods

Electrocardiographic, conventional, and tissue Doppler echocardiographic parameters were compared in 42 healthy children native to 1890 metres, and in 21 healthy age and gender matched children living at sea level. Plasma haemoglobin level and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxymeter were also obtained from all patients.

Results

Haemoglobin levels were higher, and oxygen saturation levels were lower in children native to 1890 metres. Conventional echocardiographic parameters and mitral annular myocardial parameters were all similar between children native to 1890 metres and children living at sea level. Tricuspid lateral annular early diastolic velocity and the ratio of early-to-late diastolic velocity were significantly lower and tricuspid lateral annular izovolumetric relaxation time was significantly higher in children native to 1890 metres than children living at sea level.

Conclusion

Children living at 1890 metres of altitude predispose to asymptomatic right ventricular diastolic dysfunction or otherwise they remain as healthy children.
SOME (NON)TAUTOLOGIES OF ŁUKASIEWICZ AND PRODUCT LOGIC
Authors: HÁJEK PETR
Published: March 2010

The paper presents a particular example of a formula which is a standard tautology of Łukasiewicz but not its general tautology; an example of a model in which the formula is not true is explicitly constructed. Analogous example of a formula and its model is given for product logic.
The Strategic Expression of Personal Belief in a Just World
Authors: Alves Hélder , Correia Isabel
Published: March 2010

Previous research has shown that both the personal and the general belief in a just world (BJW) are judgment norms. This finding raises the possibility of a strategic component in the expression of the BJW. In the two studies reported in this article we investigated this possibility, specifically that the expression of BJW could be used to distinguish oneself from others and to convey specific images. In Study 1, we asked participants to fill in the personal and the general BJW scales on their behalf and according to the way they thought that their classmates would. The results showed that personal BJW was used as a device to distinguish the self from others. In Study 2 we asked the participants to fill in both BJW scales either according to their opinion or in order to convey a specific image: being likable, competent, successful, or pitiful. The results showed that personal BJW scores in the control condition and in all positive image conditions were higher than those in the “pitiful image” condition. In the case of general BJW the same pattern only showed up when scores of personal BJW were not controlled for.
Rapid changes in mixed layer stratification driven by submesoscale instabilities and winds
Authors: Mahadevan A. , Tandon A. , Ferrari R.
Published: March 2010

Submesoscale eddies generated by baroclinic instability of upper ocean fronts lead to rapid restratification of the mixed layer on a time scale of days. This restratification can be opposed by a down‐front wind stress (acting in the direction of the geostrophic velocity) that drives a surface Ekman flow from the dense side to the light side of the front to arrest the slumping of isopycnals. A scaling diagnostic is suggested to determine whether the effect of eddies or wind dominates under different conditions. Using a numerical model, we investigate the juxtaposition of submesoscale eddies and down‐front winds acting on the mixed layer. By estimating the eddy‐induced overturning stream function in the mixed layer, we separate the along‐ and cross‐isopycnal fluxes of buoyancy associated with submesoscale mixed layer eddies and demonstrate the need for parameterization of the advective, along‐isopycnal flux. Though the cross‐front transport of buoyancy induced by the down‐front component of the wind opposes restratification by mixed layer eddies, it becomes diminished as the eddies and growth of the frontal instability disrupt alignment between the wind and frontal axis.
Gulf Stream thermal fronts detected by synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Xie Tao , Perrie William , Chen Wei
Published: March 2010

Our purpose is to detect ocean surface features, specifically oceanic thermal fronts, through analysis of SAR (synthetic aperture radar)‐derived wind stress fields. Fine‐resolution measurements of near‐surface wind speeds over the Gulf Stream region of the Northwest Atlantic were made using SAR images collected by RADARSAT‐2. Linear statistical relationships between the wind stress curl and divergence to the crosswind and downwind components of the SST gradient field were used to derive a new method for detecting Gulf Stream thermal fronts from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. In particular, sea surface temperature front features, as suggested by corresponding AVHRR and MODIS images, are evident in both of the wind stress curl and divergence fields. The importance of this methodology is that clouds are often present in the Northwest Atlantic in autumn and winter months and they obscure AVHRR and MODIS images, whereas SAR can penetrate clouds.
Rapid hydrologic shifts and prolonged droughts in Rocky Mountain headwaters during the Holocene
Authors: Shuman Bryan , Pribyl Paul , Minckley Thomas A. , Shinker Jacqueline J.
Published: March 2010

Rapid hydroclimatic shifts repeatedly generated centuries to millennia of extensive aridity across the headwaters of three of North America's largest river systems during the Holocene. Evidence of past lake‐level changes at the headwaters of the Snake‐Columbia, Missouri‐Mississippi, and Green‐Colorado Rivers in the Rocky Mountains shows that aridity as extensive and likely as severe as the CE 1930s Dust Bowl developed within centuries or less at ca. 9 ka (thousand years before CE 1950), and persisted across large areas of the watersheds until ca. 3 ka. Regional water levels also shifted abruptly at >11.3 and 1.8‐1.2 ka. The record of low water levels during the mid‐Holocene on the Continental Divide links similar evidence from the Great Basin and the Midwestern U.S., and shows that extensive aridity was the Holocene norm even though few GCMs have simulated such a pattern.
IPY observations of ionospheric yearly variations from high‐ to middle‐latitude incoherent scatter radars
Authors: Zhang Shun‐Rong , Holt John M. , van Eyken Anthony P. , Heinselman Craig , McCready Mary
Published: March 2010

Upper atmospheric research during the 2007 International Polar Year features unprecedented yearlong observations by incoherent scatter radars. This valuable data set, collected under very low solar and magnetic activity conditions from a set of four radars spanning middle (Millstone Hill), auroral (Poker Flat), and higher latitudes (Sondrestrom and Svalbard), enables us to address a fundamental question of background climatology on ionospheric yearly variations. The main focus of this paper is on the noon‐time baseline annual and semiannual variations, with an emphasis on the less‐known height dependency, for those geophysically important areas. The radar measurements of ion drifts allow us to examine dynamic effects which have not been well addressed previously. High‐latitude ionospheric climatology shows some interesting features, in particular, the two semiannual peaks of electron density Ne. The two peaks, neither of which is near summer solstice, are essentially of equinoctial symmetry at very high latitude sites, where downward ion drifts are strong in summer thus causing Ne reduction. The symmetry vanishes at the midlatitude site. Clear phase progression is seen from the topside to the F2 peak at the midlatitude site. Comparisons of Millstone Hill data from this period and prior solar minima indicate decreases in the ion temperature throughout the F2 peak and the topside ionosphere. These decreases do not seem to be associated with solar flux and magnetic activity effects.
Three‐dimensional VERB radiation belt simulations including mixed diffusion
Authors: Subbotin Dmitriy , Shprits Yuri , Ni Binbin
Published: March 2010

The evolution of relativistic electron fluxes in the radiation belts is described by the modified Fokker‐Plank equation in terms of the radial distance, energy and equatorial pitch angle. In this study we present numerical solutions of the two‐dimensional (2‐D) and 3‐D Fokker‐Planck equation including mixed diffusion terms. We use finite differences method with implicit numerical scheme, which is stable for any given time step. We evaluate the importance of the mixed diffusion in 2‐D and 3‐D cases of the Fokker‐Planck diffusion equation for radiation belts simulations. In both cases the mixed diffusion tends to inhibit local acceleration and results in lower relativistic electron fluxes, as compared to the simulation without mixed diffusion. The effect of the mixed diffusion terms is most significant at small pitch angles. The inclusion of mixed diffusion also tends to delay the formation of the peak in phase space density in the recovery phase of a storm. We also perform sensitivity simulation to the assumed wave models, which indicates that an accurate knowledge of the wave parameters is the most important factor.
Language Sample Analysis With Children Who Speak Non-Mainstream Dialects of English
Authors: Horton-Ikard RaMonda
Published: March 2010

The following article provides an overview of the benefits of using Language Sample Analysis (LSA) for assessing language performance in non-mainstream dialect speakers, addresses the importance of establishing community reference databases for these speakers, and describes a set of strategies that can be useful for developing reference databases in local school districts.
Myths and Realities of Language Sample Analysis
Authors: Heilmann John J.
Published: March 2010

While language sample analysis (LSA) is frequently recommended for assessing children’s language skills, many speech-language pathologists do not use it regularly. This article reviewed key issues surrounding clinical use of LSA to provide clinicians with a realistic overview of the process and encourage increased use of LSA in clinical practice.
The Clinical Utility of Language Samples
Authors: Costanza-Smith Amy
Published: March 2010

Speech-language pathologists typically use standardized assessments to diagnose language disorders. Although standardized tests are important in diagnosing school-age language disorders, the use of language sample analysis should not be ignored. This article summarizes the benefits of language sample analysis and introduces considerations for collecting and analyzing language samples.