bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Dispositifs and Urban E-Planning
Authors: Barreto de Castro Rafael , Pedro Rosa Maria Leite Ribeiro
Published: April 2014

The main objective of this article is to make a psychosocial analysis of forms of government in their relations with video surveillance, especially regarding the effects produced in terms of subjectivity, a dimension of the use of technologies in city governance that urban e-planning ought not to ignore. This will contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding contemporary video surveillance in its current practices in Rio de Janeiro, and also help researchers to understand how existing policies that regulate this phenomenon are appropriated by people who live in this city. The presence of surveillance cameras as an element of everyday life in urban centers has dramatically increased in recent years. As important actants in the practice of government, these security dispositifs are articulating heterogeneous elements and “performing” very specific realities. However, particularly in Brazil, studies on video surveillance are still limited. Therefore, it is worth investigating which government performances in Brazil have been produced from the relationships established by surveillance cameras, and how those practices and knowledges are produced as effects of these same relationships. Likewise, by understanding that each subject responds differently to such actants, the authors intend to bring out the different versions that compose, specifically, this techno-scientific controversy and its resonances in the daily lives of common citizens. This article follows ideas proposed by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), especially the contributions of the sociologist Bruno Latour. As a research strategy, the authors proposed the creation of a cartography of the controversies about a particular urban video surveillance “collective” to be opened soon in the city of Rio de Janeiro - the ISCC (Integrated Security Command Center). Through mapping its associations, the authors look to increase the visibility of these issues of security dispositifs today and of the forms of government as they are performed and experienced at the scene in focus.
Formality and Informality
Authors: Dessne Karin
Published: April 2014

An organisation and its work are formed by social structures in the form of relationships. The aim of this paper is to explore the nature of relationships and its impact on learning with a qualitative approach. A case study focusing on the Land Warfare Centre (LWC) of the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) was conducted. The main target of the study was learning from experiences in training and field action. The analysis shows that relationships are characterised by and contributing to 1) local and oral learning, 2) confusion in the formal design of concepts and processes and 3) issues of power, status and trust. The results of this research support and clarify the viewpoint that the nature of relationships – with various degrees of formality/informality – impacts on learning in an organisation. The relationships are formed and re-formed by their preconditions and may be altered through conscious and unconscious changes of the preconditions.
The Evolution of Balance Scorecard and its Impact on Web Services Quality
Authors: Ratnasingam Pauline
Published: April 2014

Web services quality have become a significant part of small businesses who use it to facilitate the seamless flow of business transactions and financial growth. While previous research focused on the technological, operational and infrastructure capabilities such as; reducing the cost of application development, systems integration and increasing interoperability among heterogeneous software components, applications and platforms. Small businesses on the other hand, are often more challenged than larger firms by resource constraints such as; lack of financial capital, and technical or managerial skills. Further, they are often confronted with the reality of their business performance. “If you can't measure it, you can't manage it,” since effective performance management requires accurate performance measurement. The author applies the integrated evolved Enterprise-Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (E-DMAIC) balanced scorecard methodology to examine web services quality in a small business firm. The integrated framework applies the traditional balanced scorecard four perspectives namely; learning and growth, internal business processes, customer and financial perspectives and the nine stages of the E-DMAIC balanced scorecard approach along with quality indicators. The new approach serves three purposes; first, as a measurement system monitoring performance and the quality of their goods and services. Second, as a communication tool providing diagnostic feedback of their performance, and lastly, as a strategic management system focusing on the small business visions. The author then tests the framework via an exploratory case study and reports the findings. The findings contribute to guidelines that will inform, educate and promote small businesses on the importance of web services quality.
A SOA-Based Module for the Production of Geo-Summaries
Authors: Roglia Elena , Meo Rosa
Published: April 2014

The authors present in this paper the functionalities of the Metadata Retrieval (MDR) module, a software component developed to enrich the information content of a system controlling a fleet of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs) by means of annotations on locations provided by Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) projects. MDR, developed in the context of an overall project based on SOA architecture, adds updated information to the system via Web Services provided by OpenStreetMap and GeoNames. Furthermore, MDR can be applied for the acquisition and the integration of users' spatial annotations and use them in any way to produce, illustrate and enhance geo-summaries. Actually MDR performs the content characterization of a spatial area by means of a filter that selects the statistically significant annotations whose frequency in the area is in contrast with the surrounding.
Modeling and Cohesiveness Analysis of Midge Swarms
Authors: Passino Kevin M.
Published: April 2014

Midges (Anarete pritchardi) coordinate their flight motions to form a cohesive group during swarming. In this paper, individual midge motion dynamics, sensing abilities, and flight rules are represented with a midge swarm model. The sensing accuracy and flight rule are adjusted so that the model produces trajectory behavior, and velocity, speed, and acceleration distributions, that are remarkably similar to those found in midge swarm experiments. Mathematical analysis of the validated swarm model shows that the distances between the midges' positions and the swarm position centroid, and the midges' velocities and the swarm velocity centroid, are ultimately bounded (i.e., eventually satisfy a bound expressed in terms of individual midge parameters). Likewise, the swarm position and velocity centroids are shown to be ultimately bounded. These analytical results provide insights into why the identified individual midge sensing characteristics and flight rule lead to cohesive swarm behavior.
Introduction to Fireworks Algorithm
Authors: Tan Ying , Yu Chao , Zheng Shaoqiu , Ding Ke
Published: April 2014

Inspired by fireworks explosion at night, conventional fireworks algorithm (FWA) was developed in 2010. Since then, several improvements and applications were proposed to improve the efficiency of FWA. In this paper, the conventional fireworks algorithm is first summarized and three improved fireworks algorithms are provided. By changing the ways of calculating the numbers and amplitudes of sparks in fireworks' explosion, the improved FWA algorithms become more reasonable and explainable. In addition, the multi-objective fireworks algorithm and the graphic processing unit (GPU) based fireworks algorithm are also presented, particularly the GPU based fireworks algorithm is able to speed up the optimization process considerably. Extensive experiments on 13 benchmark functions demonstrate that the three improved fireworks algorithms significantly increase the accuracy of found solutions, yet decrease the running time dramatically. At last, some applications of fireworks algorithm are briefly described, while its shortcomings and future research directions are identified.
Variability of coastal change along the western Yukon coast
Authors: Konopczak A M , Manson G K , Couture N J
Published: April 2014

Because the Yukon coast along the Beaufort Sea has the highest ground ice contents in the Canadian Arctic and, in addition, faces the direction of most effective storms, this section of coast is considered to be highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
In order to gain insight into the regional coastal dynamics, a quantification of coastal change was undertaken that allowed the determination of spatial and temporal variability of coastal change along a 35 km long section of coast, stretching from Komakuk to the international border. Shorelines
from several years between 1951 and 2009 were digitized from georeferenced aerial photographs and an ortho-rectified SPOT image. Shoreline change statistics were subsequently calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension for Esri ArcGIS. Theodolite and real-time kinematic
GPS data that was collected during several surveys between 1991 and 2012 at two Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) monitoring sites (Border site and Komakuk site) were analysed to provide higher temporal resolution of coastal change for the last two decades. Additionally, the field survey data
enabled an assessment to be made of the contribution of geomorphic variables (i.e. beach slope, beach width, cliff slope, absolute cliff height, relative cliff height) towards explaining changes of coastal erosion. According to the findings, the mean annual erosion along the western Yukon coast has
been -1.2 ± 0.4 m/a over the entire period of study, with the rates decreasing through time from -1.4 ± 0.6 m/a between 1951 and 1972, to -1.2 ± 0.5 m/a between 1972 and 2009. However, site specific investigations show that there are differences in the mean erosion rates and in
temporal trends. To the west at the Border site, the mean annual erosion rate is -1.3 ± 0.3 m/a, and the rates have recently accelerated, while at Komakuk in the east of the study area, the mean annual erosion rate is -0.9 ± 0.2 m/a, with the rates decelerating over time. A comparison of
these findings to erosion rates from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast indicates that there is a general spatial pattern of decreasing erosion rates from the west to the east. The quantified erosion rates also enabled the calculation of mean annual land loss between 1951 and 2009, which amounted to 4.5
ha/a. An analysis of the influence of shore profile parameters on mean annual erosion rates showed a statistically significant correlation between beach widths and erosion rates (r=0.84) at the Border site. There is also a strong but insignificant correlation between absolute cliff heights and
erosion rates at the Border, but no correlations of shore profile parameters with erosion could be distinguished for the Komakuk site.
Simultaneous hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and myelofibrosis
Authors: Gabali Ali M , Jazaerly Tarek , Chang Chung-Che Jeff , Cleveland Ronald , Kass Lawrence
Published: April 2014

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a rare T-cell neoplasm of the lymphoid system. This type of lymphoma is characterized by sinusoidal infiltration of spleen, liver, bone marrow and lymph nodes by neoplastic lymphocytes. Here, we discuss a patient who had a left axillary lymph node biopsy with characteristic histological and immunohistochemical features of HSTL. In addition, infiltrating neoplastic T-cells and simultaneous characteristic features of myelofibrosis (MF) were also present in the bone marrow biopsy specimen. In contrast to secondary MF, primary MF is a progressive disease and may significantly affect the prognosis of coexisting HSTL. There are few reports in the literature talking about mild bone marrow fibrosis in association with T cell lymphoma, however marked increase in bone marrow fibrosis and HSTL never being reported. This case is shedding light on HSTL and marked increase in bone marrow fibrosis.
Preoperative splenic artery embolization in klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with massive splenomegaly: A case report
Authors: Zhang Zishu , Dasika Narasimham L , Englesbe Michael J , Owens Scott R , Vellody Ranjith , Novelli Paula M , Shields James J
Published: April 2014

The authors describe a case of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) with massive splenomegaly in a 29-year-old woman. Preoperative splenic artery embolization using the "double embolization technique" (a combination of distal selective splenic artery embolization and proximal splenic artery occlusion) facilitated open splenectomy.
A concurrent episode of two neoplasms in a toddler-age child
Authors: Alrazzak Muaz A , ZablahAlabi Jenny , Alrazzak Baraa , Angulo Guillermo De
Published: April 2014

Childhood neoplasms are relatively rare and represent only about 1- 2% of the total incidence of neoplasms in United States. Concurrent episode of childhood cancer is uncommon and usually related to a cancer genetic syndrome. Li Fraumeni Syndrome refers to an autosomal dominant condition that is manifested by the development of certain cancers in early childhood and an increased lifetime risk for developing multiple primary cancers including sarcoma, breast cancer, leukemia, bone cancer, and others. We report a case of a 21-month-old girl who was found to have orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and adrenocortical tumor concurrently.
Sur la lecture des manuels de biologie
Authors: Ginsburger-Vogel Yvette , Astolfi Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2014

Les élèves qui arrivent en sixième ont appris à lire. Cependant, les performances médiocres souvent observées dans les activités scientifiques, sur des documents écrits, conduisent à s'interroger sur leurs acquisitions véritables, et, à mieux identifier les points sur lesquels l'effort d'apprentissage doit être poursuivi.

En effet, mettre en cause de façon globale le "niveau" des élèves, c'est sous-estimer la multiplicité des savoirs qu’exige la construction du sens de textes complexes, comme le sont les textes des manuels de biologie au Collège.

Au-delà de la mise en place des mécanismes de base à l'école élémentaire, les obstacles à l'appropriation des écrits restent variés et nombreux. Il s'agit d'interactions entre codes multiples, d'indices graphiques non explicités, de structures linguistiques marquant les types d'écrits, de densité informationnelle des messages... Cerner ces obstacles, c'est recenser les compétences qui restent à construire par des activités scientifiques, compétences qui conduiront les élèves à des stratégies de lecture plus efficaces et plus élaborées.
Quelques formes du savoir savant dans les discours de vulgarisation scientifique
Authors: Jacobi Daniel
Published: April 2014

Some forms of advanced knowledge in the presentation of scientific vulgarisation

This article studies, from a linguistic and semiotic point of view, the textual changes in scientific knowledge. The corpus is composed of three texts by the same research worker, J. Le Magnen, which summarizes the recent researches on the neurophysiology of hunger.

Is academic knowledge distorted or transformed between the academic text and an article published in the popular review "Science et Vie" ? Though these three texts each have their own particularized coherence, they all contribute to the socio-diffusion of science.
A propos de la transposition didactique en sciences biologiques
Authors: Develay Michel
Published: April 2014

Didactic transposition in biological sciences

The notion of didactic transposition appeared for the first time in mathematical didactics.

The following text gives an account of an example of didactic transposition in biological science, and discusses the causes of the process of dogmatization it entails.
Life Stage Influences on U.S. South Asian Women's Physical Activity
Authors: Dave Swapna S. , Craft Lynette L. , Mehta Promila , Naval Shilpa , Kumar Santosh , Kandula Namratha R.
Published: April 2014

Purpose.

South Asian (SA) women in the United States report extremely low rates of leisure time physical activity (PA) compared with women in other ethnic minority groups. This study explored SA women's perspectives on PA during different life stages.

Design.

This is a community-based participatory research study that used focus groups.

Setting.

The study setting was a community-based organization that provides social services to SA immigrants in Chicago, Illinois.

Participants.

The study team conducted six focus groups (in English and Hindi) with 42 SA women, ages 18 to 71 years.

Method.

A semistructured interview guide was used to foster discussion about perceptions of, barriers to/facilitators of, and suggestions for PA programs. Discussions were transcribed and independently coded by two reviewers using thematic content analysis and guided by a coding scheme that was developed a priori.

Results.

Participants said that different life stages strongly influenced their PA. PA decreased after marriage and having children. Chronic diseases constrained older women from more vigorous PA. Barriers to PA among younger women were family disapproval and perceptions that PA is unnecessary if you are “skinny.” Women agreed that PA is not a priority within the culture, and that interventions must take into account cultural, religious, and family context.

Conclusion.

Sociocultural norms, family constraints, and lack of awareness about the benefits of PA strongly influenced PA among SA women. Culturally salient intervention strategies might include programs in trusted community settings where women can exercise in women-only classes with their children, and targeted education campaigns to increase awareness about the benefits of PA across life stages.
Atmospheric parameters in a subtropical cloud regime transition derived by AIRS and MODIS: observed statistical variability compared to ERA-Interim
Authors: Schreier M. M. , Kahn B. H. , Sušelj K. , Karlsson J. , Ou S. C. , Yue Q. , Nasiri S. L.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Cloud occurrence, microphysical and optical properties, and atmospheric profiles within a subtropical cloud regime transition in the northeastern Pacific Ocean are obtained from a synergistic combination of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The observed cloud parameters and atmospheric thermodynamic profile retrievals are binned by cloud type and analyzed based on their probability density functions (PDFs). Comparison of the PDFs to data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting reanalysis (ERA-Interim) shows a strong difference in the occurrence of the different cloud types compared to clear sky. An increasing non-Gaussian behavior is observed in cloud optical thickness (τc), effective radius (re) and cloud-top temperature (Tc) distributions from stratocumulus to trade cumulus, while decreasing values of lower-tropospheric stability are seen. However, variations in the mean, width and shape of the distributions are found. The AIRS potential temperature (θ) and water vapor (q) profiles in the presence of varying marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud types show overall similarities to the ERA-Interim in the mean profiles, but differences arise in the higher moments at some altitudes. The differences between the PDFs from AIRS+MODIS and ERA-Interim make it possible to pinpoint systematic errors in both systems and help to understand joint PDFs of cloud properties and coincident thermodynamic profiles from satellite observations.
Improved satellite retrievals of NO2 and SO2 over the Canadian oil sands and comparisons with surface measurements
Authors: McLinden C. A. , Fioletov V. , Boersma K. F. , Kharol S. K. , Krotkov N. , Lamsal L. , Makar P. A. , Martin R. V. , Veefkind J. P. , Yang K.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing is increasingly being used to monitor air quality over localized sources such as the Canadian oil sands. Following an initial study, significantly low biases have been identified in current NO2 and SO2 retrieval products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor over this location resulting from a combination of its rapid development and small spatial scale. Air mass factors (AMFs) used to convert line-of-sight "slant" columns to vertical columns were re-calculated for this region based on updated and higher resolution input information including absorber profiles from a regional-scale (15 km × 15 km resolution) air quality model, higher spatial and temporal resolution surface reflectivity, and an improved treatment of snow. The overall impact of these new Environment Canada (EC) AMFs led to substantial increases in the peak NO2 and SO2 average vertical column density (VCD), occurring over an area of intensive surface mining, by factors of 2 and 1.4, respectively, relative to estimates made with previous AMFs. Comparisons are made with long-term averages of NO2 and SO2 (2005–2011) from in situ surface monitors by using the air quality model to map the OMI VCDs to surface concentrations. This new OMI-EC product is able to capture the spatial distribution of the in situ instruments (slopes of 0.65 to 1.0, correlation coefficients of >0.9). The concentration absolute values from surface network observations were in reasonable agreement, with OMI-EC NO2 and SO2 biased low by roughly 30%. Several complications were addressed including correction for the interference effect in the surface NO2 instruments and smoothing and clear-sky biases in the OMI measurements. Overall these results highlight the importance of using input information that accounts for the spatial and temporal variability of the location of interest when performing retrievals.
Climatology of free tropospheric humidity: extension into the SEVIRI era, evaluation and exemplary analysis
Authors: Schröder M. , Roca R. , Picon L. , Kniffka A. , Brogniez H.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. A new free tropospheric humidity (FTH) data record is presented. It is based on observations of Meteosat-2–5 and Meteosat-7 Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager (MVIRI) and Meteosat-8 and -9 Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) at the water absorption band at 6.3 μm. With the extension to SEVIRI observations the data record now covers the period 1983–2009 with a spatial and temporal resolution of 0.625° and 3 h, respectively. The data record is referenced under digital object identifier (doi): 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/FTH_METEOSAT/V001 and is freely available from http://www.cmsaf.eu/wui . The relation between the observed brightness temperature (BT) and FTH is well established: the observed BT is proportional to the logarithm of the mean relative humidity (RH). Under the given assumptions, constant lapse rate and random strong line theory, it means that the observed BT is mainly a function of RH alone and not of temperature and specific humidity separately. Here, existing retrievals have been refined mainly through the consideration of relative humidity Jacobians in the training process of the statistical retrieval. The temporal coverage has been extended into the SEVIRI era, the homogenisation of the BT record has been improved and the full archive has been reprocessed using updated regression coefficients. The FTH product is compared against FTH computed on the basis of the Analysed RadioSoundings Archive (ARSA) observations. An average relative bias and root mean square difference (RMSD) of −3.2 and 16.8%, respectively, are observed. The RMSD confirms the expectation from an analysis of the total uncertainty of the FTH product. The decadal stability is 0.5 ± 0.45% per decade. As exemplary applications the inter-annual standard deviation, differences on decadal scales and the linear trend in the FTH data record and the frequency of occurrence of FTH <10% (FTHp10) are analysed per season. Maxima in inter-annual standard deviations as well as maxima in absolute differences occur in gradient areas between dry and wet regions and areas with minima in FTH and maxima in FTHp10. An analysis of the linear trends and associated uncertainty estimates has been attempted to identify possible problems with the data record. Positive trends in FTHp10 coincide with gradient areas and regions of minimum FTH, maximum FTHp10 as well as with negative differences between decadal FTHp10 averages of the 1990s and 2000s. However, they are accompanied by maximum standard deviation and are therefore hardly significant which is also valid for FTH trend estimates. These activities plus inter-comparisons to other humidity data records are part of the Global Energy and Water Exchanges Project (GEWEX) water vapor assessment (G-VAP) and will be extended to other FTH data records in the near future.
Present challenges for future water sustainable cities: a case study from Italy
Authors: Bonzanigo L. , Sinnona G.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. The global population is increasingly concentrated in cities. Cities and urban areas face many challenges – economic, social, health and environmental – which are often exacerbated by an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. Together, these challenges call for a shift towards sustainable cities which reduce their impact on the surrounding environment, whilst at the same time succeeding to make resources available to their increasing number of inhabitants. This study explores the state of the art of water management practices of the highly urbanised Northern Italian region and plans and scope for the future development of water management. Although the region is at present not under severe water stress, recently some cities faced water scarcity problems and were forced to implement water rationing. We assessed the vulnerability of Parma and Ferrara to a water crisis, together with the regular and emergency adaptation measures already in place, and the forecast for the near future. In two workshops, the authors adapted the Australian concept of water sensitive urban design for the Italian context. Although the population remains generally unaware of the impact of the two latest severe drought events (2003 and 2006/7), many adaptation measures towards a more sustainable use of the water resource are already in place – technically, institutionally, and individually. Water managers consider however that the drastic and definite changes needed to integrate the urban water management cycle, and which minimise the ecological footprint of urban spaces, lay far in the future.
Image analysis for measuring the size stratification in sand–gravel laboratory experiments
Authors: Orrú C. , Chavarrías V. , Uijttewaal W. S. J. , Blom A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Measurements of spatial and temporal changes in the grain-size distribution of the bed surface and substrate are crucial to improving the modelling of sediment transport and associated grain-size selective processes. We present three complementary techniques to determine such variations in the grain-size distribution of the bed surface in sand–gravel laboratory experiments, as well as the resulting size stratification: (1) particle colouring, (2) removal of sediment layers, and (3) image analysis. The resulting stratification measurement method was evaluated in two sets of experiments. In both sets three grain-size fractions within the range of coarse sand to fine gravel were painted in different colours. Sediment layers are removed using a wet vacuum cleaner. Subsequently areal images are taken of the surface of each layer. The areal fraction content, that is, the relative presence of each size fraction over the bed surface, is determined using a colour segmentation algorithm which provides the areal fraction content of a specific colour (i.e. grain size) covering the bed surface. Particle colouring is not only beneficial to this type of image analysis but also to the observation and understanding of grain-size selective processes. The size stratification based on areal fractions is measured with sufficient accuracy. Other advantages of the proposed size stratification measurement method are (a) rapid collection and processing of a large amount of data, (b) a very high spatial density of information on the grain-size distribution, (c) the lack of disturbances to the bed surface, (d) only minor disturbances to the substrate due to the removal of sediment layers, and (e) the possibility to return a sediment layer to its original elevation and continue the flume experiment. The areal fractions are converted into volumetric fractions using an existing conversion model.
Air quality forecasts at kilometer scale grid over Spanish complex terrains
Authors: Pay M. T. , Martínez F. , Guevara M. , Baldasano J. M.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. CALIOPE-AQFS represents the current state-of-the-art in air quality forecasting systems running at high resolution over high performance computing platforms. It provides 48 h forecast of main pollutants over Spain at 4 km horizontal resolution, and over the most populated areas with complex terrains in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid and Andalucia domains) at 1 km. Increased horizontal resolution from 4 km to 1 km over the aforementioned domains leads to finer texture and more realistic concentration maps, justified by the increase of NO2/O3 spatial correlation coefficients from 0.79/0.69 (4 km) to 0.81/0.73 (1 km). High resolution emissions using the bottom-up HERMESv2.0 model are essential to improve the model performance when increasing resolution at urban scale, but it is not sufficient. Decreasing grid spacing does not reveal the expected improvement on hourly statistics, decreasing NO2 bias only in ~ 2 μg m−3 and increasing O3 bias in ~ 1 μg m−3. The grid effect is less pronounced for PM10 because part of its mass consists of secondary aerosols which are less affected by a decreasing grid size in contrast to the locally emitted primary components. The resolution increase has the highest impact over Barcelona, where air flow is mainly controlled by mesoscale phenomena and a lower PBL. Despite the merits and potential uses of the 1 km simulation, the limitations of current model formulations do not allow confirming their expected superiority close to highly urbanized areas and large sources. Future work should combine high grid resolution with techniques that decrease subgrid variability and models that consider urban morphology and thermal parameters.
A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes – Part 1: Hazard assessment
Authors: Biass S. , Scaini C. , Bonadonna C. , Folch A. , Smith K. , Höskuldsson A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. In order to assist the elaboration of proactive measures for the management of future volcanic eruptions in Iceland, we developed a new approach to assess the hazard associated with tephra dispersal and sedimentation at various scales and for multiple sources. The target volcanoes are Hekla, Katla, Eyjafjallajökull and Askja, selected either for their high probabilities of eruption and/or their high potential impacts. By coupling tephrostratigraphic studies, probabilistic techniques and modelling, we developed comprehensive eruption scenarios for both short and long lasting eruptions and compiled hazard maps for tephra ground deposition at a national scale and air concentration at a European scale using the TEPHRA2 and FALL3D models, respectively. New algorithms for the identification of realistic sets of eruptive source parameters are investigated, which assist the generation of probability density functions of eruption source parameters for the selected scenarios. Aggregation processes were accounted for using various empirical models. Outcomes help assessing and comparing hazard levels at different scales. For example, at a national scale Askja has a 5–10% probability of blanketing the easternmost half of the country with a tephra accumulation of at least 1kg m-2. At a continental scale, Katla has a 5–10% probability of producing ash clouds with concentrations of 2 mg m-3 over the UK, Scandinavia and northern Europe with a mean arrival time of 48–72 h and a mean persistence time of 6–18 h. In a companion paper, Scaini et al. (2014) present a vulnerability assessment for Iceland to ground deposition of tephra and for the European air traffic to airborne ash which, combined with the outcomes of the present paper, constitute one of the first multi-scale risk assessment associated with tephra dispersal and sedimentation.
Weak forms of G- alph-open sets and decompositions of continuity via grills
Authors: Al-Omari Ahmad , Noiri Takashi
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notions of weakly G-semi-open sets and weakly G-preopen sets in grill topological spaces. Furthermore, by using these sets we obtain new decompositions of continuity.
On some new modular sequence spaces
Authors: Bektas Cigdem Asma , Atıci Gülcan
Published: April 2014

Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri [7] used the idea of Orlicz function to define the sequence space ℓM which is called an Orlicz sequence space. Another generalization of Orlicz sequence spaces is due to Woo [9]. An important subspace of ℓ (M), which is an AK-space, is the space h (M) . We define the sequence spaces ℓM (m) and ℓ N(m), where M = (Mk) and N = (Nk) are sequences of Orlicz functions such that Mk and Nk be mutually  complementary for each k. We also examine some topological properties of these spaces. We give the α−, β− and γ− duals of the sequence space h (M) and α− duals of the squence spaces ℓ (M, λ) and ℓ (N, λ).
Characterization of inextensible flows of spacelike curves with sabban frame in S₁²
Authors: Ergüt Mahmut , Turhan Essin , Körpınar Talat
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we study inextensible flows of spacelike curves on S₁². We research inextensible flows of spacelike curves according to Sabban frame on S₁².
Characterizing of dual focal curves in D₁³
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Turhan Essin , Bas Selcuk
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we study dual  B-focal curves of timelike curves in the D₁³. We characterize dual timelike B-focal curves in terms of their focal curvatures.
Isospectral flat connexions
Authors: Rau S. Srinivas , Reddy Sudhamsh
Published: April 2014

Isospectral flat connexions are constructed for higher rank bundlesover compact Riemann surfaces
On the spectrum of 2-nd order generalized difference operator $\delta^2$ over the sequence space $c_0$
Authors: Dutta S. , Baliarsingh Pinakadhar
Published: April 2014

The main purpose of  this article is to  determine the spectrum and the fine spectrum  of second order  difference operator $\Delta^2$  over the sequence space $c_0$. For any sequence $(x_k)_0^\infty$ in $c_0$, the generalized second order  difference operator $\Delta^2$  over  $c_0$ is defined by $\Delta^2(x_k)= \sum_{i=0}^2(-1)^i\binom{2}{i}x_{k-i}=x_k-2x_{k-1}+x_{k-2}$, with $ x_{n}  = 0$ for $n<0$.Throughout we use the convention that a term with a negative subscript is equal to zero.
New approach of ideal topological generalized closed sets
Authors: Santhini Chinnapazham , Thivagar M. Lellis
Published: April 2014

In this paper,we introduce and investigate the notions of Iˆω -closed sets andI ˆω -continuous functions,maximal Iˆω -closed sets and maximal Iˆω -continuous functionsin ideal topological spaces.We also introduce a new class of spaces calledMTˆω -spaces.
On construction of D-focal curves in Euclidean 3-space M³
Authors: Asil Vedal , Bas Selcuk , Körpinar Talat
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we study D-focal curves in the Euclidean 3-space M³. We characterize D-focal curves in terms of their focal curvatures.
The effect of age and sex on the perception of time in life
Authors: HANCOCK P. A.
Published: April 2014

As a measure of their personal perception of time in life, 320 participants completed the Lines Test. Participants were asked to mark off on a line their perceived present life location between the endpoint anchors of birth and death. The percentage of the life span marked was compared with actuarial life expectancy to establish a quantitative degree of difference for each respondent. Results indicated a significant sex difference in which women across the age range investigated were more accurate as to their life location. Results also showed a significant age effect in which older participants consistently underestimated their life location to a much greater degree than their younger peers. A second investigation presented an amended version of the traditional Lines Test and scaled the actuarial life span to each participant’s specific age. The pattern of findings was replicated by this procedure. Reasons for this overall pattern of results are discussed in terms of what is currently understood about the perception of short intervals of time and the perception of duration across the life span.
Implicit evaluation of familiar and novel concepts presented at low levels of conscious detectability
Authors: OTTATI VICTOR C. , COATS SUSAN , MAE LYNDA , DECOSTER JAMIE , SMITH ELIOT R.
Published: April 2014

In 2 experiments, implicit evaluation of novel and familiar concepts was assessed using a sequential priming procedure that enabled estimates of evaluative priming effects at low levels of detectability. In Experiment 1, the novel concepts referenced common names, and in Experiment 2 they referenced nonsense words. Whereas familiar concepts yielded priming effects at low levels of detectability in both experiments, novel concepts did not elicit any priming effect. Implicit evaluation of novel concepts has been documented in related research but under conditions that differ from those investigated here. The present results identify important limiting conditions associated with the implicit evaluation effect.
A visual and semantic locus to beneficial effects of verbalization on face memory
Authors: BROWN CHARITY , GEHRKE JÜRGEN , LLOYD-JONES TOBY J.
Published: April 2014

We examined the effect of verbally describing a face on face memory as assessed in an old–new recognition task. Verbal facilitation, measured by a difference between verbalization and control conditions, was greater for upright than for inverted faces and greater for unfamiliar than for familiar faces. We propose that generating a verbal description enhances the processing of global visual information that differentiates an individual face from other faces that are encountered and also improves recognition through the association of visually derived semantic information. Verbalization enhances visual and semantic distinctiveness in memory.
Narratives distinguish experienced from imagined childhood events
Authors: KRACKOW ELISA
Published: April 2014

The present study extends the reality monitoring framework by examining whether a portion of the phenomenal characteristics by which perceived and imagined events are theorized to differ appear in event narratives at different rates. The study analyzed the narratives of childhood events that participants either reportedly experienced or denied experiencing but imagined. Two types of events were included: emotional and neutral. In comparison to imagined events, participants’ narratives of experienced childhood events were lengthier and contained a greater percentage of words indicative of cognitive processes. Imagined events contained a greater percentage of emotion words. There were no significant differences in perceptual processes. In some cases the findings differed significantly across the emotional and neutral events. This study provides the first available evidence that memory characteristics extend to narratives and thereby distinguish experienced from imagined childhood events.
Compatibility of motion information in two aircraft attitude displays for a tracking task
Authors: YAMAGUCHI MOTONORI , PROCTOR ROBERT W.
Published: April 2014

In a conventional aircraft attitude indicator, the artificial horizon moves in the direction opposite to the pilot’s hands and the movement of the aircraft. This horizon-moving format is believed to be response–effect (R–E) incompatible. An alternative format, aircraft-moving, presents movement of the aircraft symbol that is compatible with both the pilot’s hand movements and the movement of the aircraft. In the present study, nonpilot participants performed an attitude tracking task with a horizon-moving or aircraft-moving display for 6 training sessions and 1 transfer session in which the display was switched to the other format. The participants performed the task equally well and showed similar rates of improvement with the 2 displays. However, a switch of display format degraded tracking performance, indicating that learned skills did not transfer between formats. The results of a secondary choice reaction task, performed concurrently during tracking, suggested that attention can be divided between visual and auditory modalities better with the horizon-moving display than with the aircraft-moving display. We argue that the horizon-moving format is R–E compatible, as far as the tracking task is concerned, and that the effects of display format on the secondary task may be due to different modes of spatial representation being used to monitor the formats.
Frequency of dream sharing: The effects of gender and personality
Authors: SCHREDL MICHAEL , SCHAWINSKI JOELLE ALEXANDRA
Published: April 2014

Although dreaming is a private experience, dream sharing is a common experience for most people. Dreams are disclosed to romantic partners, friends, and relatives, and the sharing is often associated with enhancement of relational intimacy and stress relief (e.g., in the case of nightmares). Research has focused on factors that might affect dream sharing such as dream recall frequency, gender, and emotional intensity of the dream. The present findings indicate that about 14.5% of the dreams were shared and that dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, attitude toward dreams, gender, extroversion, and thin boundaries are associated independently with the frequency of dream sharing. Longitudinal studies are needed to differentiate between state factors and trait factors and to validate the self-reported positive effects of dream sharing on intimacy in romantic relationships and friendships.
Self-Report: Psychology’s Four-Letter Word
Authors: HAEFFEL GERALD J. , HOWARD GEORGE S.
Published: April 2014

Self-report continues to be one of the most widely used measurement strategies in psychology despite longstanding concerns about its validity and scientific rigor. In this article, the merits of self-report are examined from a philosophy of science perspective. A framework is also provided for evaluating self-report measures. Specifically, four issues are presented that can be used as a decision aid when making choices about measurement.
Dreams and the Temporality of Consciousness
Authors: MACDUFFIE KATHERINE , MASHOUR GEORGE A.
Published: April 2014

Understanding dreams has long been considered fundamental to the development of a theory of consciousness. Evidence from neurobiology and neuroimaging research has paved the way for new theories of dreaming that are empirically supported. In this article we argue that dreaming is a unique state of consciousness that incorporates 3 temporal dimensions: experience of the present, processing of the past, and preparation for the future. The temporal complexity of dreams is made possible in part by the unique neurobiological environment of sleep, in which stimuli are internally generated and many of the restrictions associated with waking thought are absent. Because dream consciousness is not determined by sensory stimuli, a flexible integration of past experiences and the forging of novel connections are possible. We argue that disparate dream theories may not be mutually exclusive but rather relate to different temporal domains of the dream state.
Individual Differences in Musical Taste
Authors: NORTH ADRIAN C.
Published: April 2014

Several studies have investigated the relationship between (usually a narrow set of) personality dimensions and liking for a small number of individual musical styles. To date there has been no attempt to investigate, within a single methodology, the extent to which personality factors correlate with liking for a very wide range of musical styles. To address this, 36,518 participants rated their liking for 104 musical styles, completed a short form of the Big 5 personality inventory, and provided other data about their favorite musical styles. Personality factors were related to both liking for the musical styles and participants’ reasons for listening to this music. However, on the whole these latter variables were related more closely to participants’ age, sex, and income than to Big 5 scores. Thus, personality is related to musical taste, but other individual differences are arguably related more closely.
Does exposure to ambient odors influence the emotional content of memories?
Authors: CASTELLANOS KENIA M. , HUDSON JUDITH A. , HAVILAND-JONES JEANNETTE , WILSON PATRICIA J.
Published: April 2014

This study examined the effects of implicitly presented odors on the emotional content of memory narratives. Participants were exposed to low levels of perfumes or no odors while they reconstructed a memory from childhood and a recurrent dream. Narratives were analyzed for emotional content using the Linguistic and Inquiry Word Count program. Exposure to perfumes increased the percentage of positive emotion words used by participants in recalling both dreams and childhood memories. In addition, exposure to odors decreased the percentage of negative emotion words that men used in their narratives, whereas the opposite effect was found for women. Discussion focuses on gender differences in written emotional expression, possible ways by which perfumes may exert their effects, and the usefulness of using ambient odors and objective content analysis when studying emotions in memories.
Memes and their themata
Authors: MIRANKER WILLARD L.
Published: April 2014

When it is instantiated as a neuronal state, a meme is characterized as a phenotype in a novel neuronal sense. A thema is an instantiation of a meme as a conscious experience (a thought-meme). It is a primitive to which no location may be attributed, and it serves as a canonical representative of a class of memes. Memes in such a class may have physical or ideal (Platonic) instantiations. Pairing of this memetic phenotype characterization with the ideal thematic primitive is an example of other pairings in nature that are identified, and in particular it informs a description of the pairing of the unconscious mind and manifestations of consciousness. Interrela-tionship of these pairings is what illuminates aspects of each of them. These constructs support introduction of a consciousness thesis and then a notion of a dynamic self-referential grammar that generates a growing repertoire of consciousness manifestations. A method showing how a neuronal state generates a specific concept (thema) is introduced, and a sample of a class of examples is given. Pointers to experiments relevant to development of the thesis are given.
Educating the Brain
Authors: Golombek Diego A.
Published: April 2014

But you have no idea how frightfully interesting it is to take a human being and change her into a quite different human being by creating a new speech for her. -George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion