bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La stochastique des cristaux d’halogénure d’argent : l’histoire mouvementée des procédés cinématographiques de restitution du mouvement
Authors: Gaudreault André , Velho Solène Secq de Campos
Published: July 2018

L'avènement du numérique a déclenché un mouvement de retour sur la « matérialité » du cinéma. Cet article s'attache à la question du mouvement restitué ou reconstitué par l'appareil de cinéma en s'intéressant aux mécanismes et aux caractéristiques physiques et chimiques qui le permettent à partir d'une distinction de base concernant le caractère continu ou intermittent du défilement des images (fixes) mises en mouvement : l'obturateur et ses équivalents dans le zootrope, le phénakistiscope et le praxinoscope de Reynaud, le kinétoscope d'Edison – qui tous se fondent sur un défilement continu, puis chez Lumière qui instaure la prééminence du défilement intermittent ; le miroir du Théâtre optique qui se retrouve dans les projecteurs numériques et supplantant le système intermittent réinstaure le défilement continu ; le grain de l'émulsion argentique qui crée du mouvement même dans la fixité de l'action par la seule succession des photogrammes, en raison de leur disposition aléatoire au sein de la couche sensible, suscitant un effet de « fourmillement » inexistant dans l'image numérique (dont les pixels sont ordonnés mathématiquement). Un fourmillement que Roger Leenhardt déplorait (il parlait d'épileptisme) en lui opposant l'image du Théâtre optique. Ainsi les dispositifs de Reynaud comme le projecteur numérique donnent à voir des images animées, alors que le Cinématographe Lumière donnait à voir des images en mouvement, où tout est en mouvement.
L’écran divisé de Construire un feu de Jack London dessiné par Claude Autant-Lara
Authors: Albera François
Published: July 2018

En 1928, Claude Autant-Lara, décorateur de théâtre et de cinéma jusque là pour L'Herbier, Renoir et quelques autres, auteur d'un premier court métrage, Fait divers (1925), qui lui a valu un succès d'estime, entreprend de réaliser un film utilisant l'invention technique du Prof. Chrétien, l'objectif à anamorphe, l'Hypergonar. Autant-Lara voit dans cette ressource le moyen de proposer une solution nouvelle aux problèmes de l'écran large, de la multiplication des écrans et de ce que Gance a appelé la « polyvision ». Il envisage la disposition de plusieurs images au sein du même photogramme anamorphosé soit horizontalement, soit verticalement, en faisant varier la dimension de l'écran. Son film, Construire un feu, sorti en 1929, est perdu, mais le cinéaste avait dessiné ses plans en une série de planches remarquables dont on donne ici pour la première fois l'intégralité.
Nonlinear pricing without market power; what could be learned from the contestable markets approach?
Authors: Brou Eduardo
Published: July 2018

Selon la théorie économique, la mise en œuvre de la discrimination de prix par une entreprise exige pouvoir de marché. Cependant, l’observation de la réalité, confirmée par des études empiriques, montre que dans les industries extrêmement compétitives la pratique de la discrimination de prix est vérifiée, en particulier sa variante de deuxième degré. Cet article explique théoriquement la viabilité de la discrimination de prix de deuxième degré dans des marchés parfaitement contestables (une généralisation de la notion de marchés parfaitement concurrentiels), ce qui explique un phénomène empirique non autorisé par la théorie économique. Les systèmes de prix non linéaires apparaissent comme des mécanismes qui, dans des environnements concurrentiels, et sans centralisation d’information, permettent une plus grande efficacité sociale.
Syndecan-1 Regulates Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Controlling Homeostasis of IL-17–Producing γδ T Cells
Authors: Jaiswal Anil Kumar , Sadasivam Mohanraj , Archer Nathan K. , Miller Robert J. , Dillen Carly A. , Ravipati Advaitaa , Park Pyong Woo , Chakravarti Shukti , Miller Lloyd S. , Hamad Abdel Rahim A.
Published: July 2018

IL-17 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that drives pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. A major source of pathogenic IL-17 is a subset of γδ T cells (Tγδ17) that acquires the ability to produce IL-17 while developing in the thymus. The mechanisms that regulate homeostasis of Tγδ17 cells and their roles in psoriasis, however, are not fully understood. In this paper, we show that the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (sdc1) plays a critical role in regulating homeostasis of Tγδ17 cells and modulating psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. sdc1 was predominantly expressed by Tγδ17 cells (but not IL-17− Tγδ cells) in the thymus, lymph nodes, and dermis. sdc1 deficiency significantly and selectively increased the frequency and absolute numbers of Tγδ17 cells by mechanisms that included increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Adoptive transfer experiments ruled out a significant role of sdc1 expressed on nonhematopoietic cells in halting expansion and proliferation of sdc1-deficient Tγδ17 cells. When subjected to imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis, Tγδ17 cells in sdc1KO mice displayed heightened responses accompanied by significantly increased skin inflammation than their wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, transferred sdc1-deficient γδ T cells caused more severe psoriasiform dermatitis than their sdc1-sufficient counterparts in TCR–βδ KO hosts. The results uncover a novel role for sdc1 in controlling homeostasis of Tγδ17 cells and moderating host responses to psoriasis-like inflammation.
Characterization of a Synovial B Cell–Derived Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Stromal Calreticulin in the Rheumatoid Joints
Authors: Corsiero Elisa , Jagemann Lucas , Perretti Mauro , Pitzalis Costantino , Bombardieri Michele
Published: July 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by formation of synovial ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) supporting B cell autoreactivity toward locally generated citrullinated (cit) antigens, including those contained in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, only a minority of RA-rmAbs from B cells isolated from ELS+ RA tissues react against NETs. Thus, alternative cellular sources of other potential autoantigens targeted by locally differentiated B cells remain undefined. RA fibroblast–like synoviocytes (FLS) have been implicated in the release of RA-associated autoantigens. In this study, we aimed to define stromal-derived autoantigens from RA-FLS targeted by RA-rmAbs. Seventy-one RA-rmAbs were screened toward RA-FLS by living-cell immunofluorescence (IF). Western blotting was used to identify potential autoantigens from RA-FLS protein extracts. Putative candidates were validated using colocalization immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, ELISA, immunoprecipitation assay, and surface plasmon resonance on unmodified/cit proteins. Serum immunoreactivity was tested in anti-citrullinated peptide/protein Abs (ACPA)+ versus ACPA− RA patients. Ten out of 71 RA-rmAbs showed clear reactivity toward RA-FLS in immunofluorescence with no binding to NETs. One stromal-reactive RA-rmAb (RA057/11.89.1) decorated a ∼58-kDa band that mass spectrometry and Western blotting with a commercial Ab identified as calreticulin (CRT). Confocal microscopy demonstrated significant cellular colocalization between anti-CRT RA057/11.89.1 in RA-FLS. RA057/11.89.1 was able to immunoprecipitate rCRT. Deimination of CRT to cit-CRT moderately increased RA057/11.89.1 immunoreactivity. cit-CRT displayed increased blocking capacity compared with unmodified CRT in competitive binding assays. Finally, anti–cit-CRT Abs were preferentially detected in ACPA+ versus ACPA− RA sera. We identified a synovial B cell–derived RA-rmAb locally differentiated within the ELS+ RA synovium reacting toward CRT, a putative novel autoantigen recently described in RA patients, suggesting that FLS-derived CRT may contribute to fuel the local autoimmune response.
Effect of high-fat mixed lipid diet and swimming on fibre types in skeletal muscles of rats with colon tumours
Authors: Smerdu Vika , Perše Martina
Published: July 2018

Skeletal muscle fibre types, whose characteristics are determined by myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, can adapt to changed physiological demands with changed MyHC isoform expression resulting in the fibre type transitions. The endurance training is known to induce fast-to-slow transitions and has beneficial effect in carcinogenesis, whereas the effect of an excessive fat intake and its interaction with the effect of swimming are less conclusive. Therefore, we studied the effect of high-fat mixed lipid (HFML) diet and long-term (21-week) swimming on fibre type transitions and their average diameters by immunohistochemical demonstration of MyHC isoforms in slow soleus (SOL), fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and mixed gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis (GM, GL) muscles, divided to deep and superficial portions (GMd, GMs, GLd, GLs), of sedentary and swimming Wistar rats with experimentally (dimethylhydrazine) induced colon tumours and fed either with HFML or low-fat corn oil (LFCO) diet. HFML diet induced only a trend for fast-to-slow transitions in SOL and in the opposite direction in GMd. Swimming triggered significant transitions in unexpected slow-to-fast direction in SOL, whereas in GMs the transitions had tendency to proceed in the expected fast-to-slow direction. The average diameters of fibre types were mostly unaffected. Hence, it can be concluded that if present, the effects of HFML diet and swimming on fibre type transitions were counteractive and muscle-specific implying that each muscle possesses its own adaptive range of response to changed physiological conditions.
Supply chain dynamism, information sharing, inter-organisational relationships and supply chain performance in the manufacturing sector
Authors: Mashiloane Moipone W. , Mafini Chengedzai , Pooe Raborale D.I.
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Manufacturing supply chains in South Africa are susceptible to various internal and external threats that continue to suppress their performance. Information is required that can be used by firms in such environments to overcome the existing threats and improve their supply chains.Research purpose: This study sought to examine the relationship between supply chain dynamism, information sharing and inter-organisational relationships and supply chain performance in the manufacturing sector in South Africa.Motivation for the study: There is a gap in literature on the linkage between supply chain dynamism, information sharing and inter-organisational relationships and supply chain performance in the South African manufacturing sector.Research design, approach and method: Empirical data were collected from a purposive sample of 340 supply management professionals recruited from 31 manufacturing firms based in Gauteng Province. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling, which involved a confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses tests.Main findings: The results indicate a significant positive relationship between supply chain dynamism and both information sharing and inter-organisational relationships; between information sharing and both inter-organisational relationships and supply chain performance; and between inter-organisational relationships and supply chain performance.Practical/managerial implications: Supply management professionals in the manufacturing sector may use the results of this study as a tool in the diagnoses of supply chain performance-related problems, by checking for the proper alignment of the factors considered in the research.Contribution/value-add: These results validate the importance of effective supply chain management practices in shaping supply chain performance in manufacturing environments. By monitoring and responding positively to the changes in key resources within manufacturing supply chains, managers can be able to improve the sharing of information and develop better relationships among trading partners, leading to superior performance of the entire supply chain.
Collapse transition of the interacting prudent walk
Authors: Pétrélis Nicolas , Torri Niccolò
Published: July 2018

This article is dedicated to the study of the 2-dimensional interacting prudent self-avoiding walk (referred to by the acronym IPSAW) and in particular to its collapse transition. The interaction intensity is denoted by

\beta > 0

and the set of trajectories consists of those self-avoiding paths respecting the prudent condition, which means that they do not take a step towards a previously visited lattice site. The IPSAW interpolates between the interacting partially directed self-avoiding walk (IPDSAW) that was analyzed in details in, e.g., [16], [4], [5] and [10], and the interacting self-avoiding walk (ISAW) for which the collapse transition was conjectured in [11].

Three main theorems are proven. We show first that IPSAW undergoes a collapse transition at finite temperature and, up to our knowledge, there was so far no proof in the literature of the existence of a collapse transition for a non-directed model built with self-avoiding path. We also prove that the free energy of IPSAW is equal to that of a restricted version of IPSAW, i.e., the interacting two-sided prudent walk. Such free energy is computed by considering only those prudent path with a general north-east orientation. As a by-product of this result we obtain that the exponential growth rate of generic prudent paths equals that of two-sided prudent paths and this answers an open problem raised in e.g., [3] or [8]. Finally we show that, for every

\beta > 0

, the free energy of ISAW itself is always larger than

\beta

and this rules out a possible self-touching saturation of ISAW in its conjectured collapsed phase.
Power series representations for complex bosonic effective actions. III. Substitution and fixed point equations
Authors: Balaban Tadeusz , Feldman Joel , Knörrer Horst , Trubowitz Eugene
Published: July 2018

In [3, 4, 5] we developed a polymer-like expansion that applies when the (effective) action in a functional integral is an analytic function of the fields being integrated. Here, we develop methods to aid the application of this technique when the method of steepest descent is used to analyze the functional integral. We develop a version of the Banach fixed point theorem that can be used to construct and control the critical fields, as analytic functions of external fields, and substitution formulae to control the change in norms that occurs when one replaces the integration fields by the sum of the critical fields and the fluctuation fields.
Distribution of the nodal sets of eigenfunctions on analytic manifolds
Authors: Han Xiaolong
Published: July 2018

The nodal set of the Laplacian eigenfunction has co-dimension one and has finite hypersurface measure on a compact Riemannianmanifold. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of the nodal sets of eigenfunctions, when the metric on themanifold is analytic. We prove that if the eigenfunctions are equidistributed at a small scale, then the weak limits of the hypersurface volume form of their nodal sets are comparable to the volume form on the manifold.

In particular, on the negatively curved manifolds with analytic metric and on the tori, we show that in any eigenbasis, there is a full density subsequence of eigenfunctions such that the weak limits of the hypersurface volume form of their nodal sets are comparable to the volume form on the manifold.
On the domain of Dirac and Laplace type operators on stratified spaces
Authors: Hartmann Luiz , Lesch Matthias , Vertman Boris
Published: July 2018

We consider a generalized Dirac operator on a compact stratified space with an iterated cone-edge metric. Assuming a spectral Witt condition, we prove its essential self-adjointness and identify its domain and the domain of its square with weighted edge Sobolev spaces. This sharpens previous results where the minimal domain is shown only to be a subset of an intersection of weighted edge Sobolev spaces. Our argument does not rely on microlocal techniques and is very explicit. The novelty of our approach is the use of an abstract functional analytic notion of interpolation scales. Our results hold for the Gauss–Bonnet and spin Dirac operators satisfying a spectral Witt condition.
Benchmark H-Point Procedure
Authors:   Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Published: July 2018

This procedure provides a method of determining a benchmark SgRP position for adjustable Driver’s seats in Class A vehicles where the design intent information is not available. Class A vehicles include passenger cars, multipurpose passengervehicles, and vans with Seat Heights (H30) greater than 127 mm and less than 405 mm for the purposes of this document. Once the Driver’s Seat Benchmark SgRP is determined other seating positions can be readily benchmarked based on the standard procedures.

This document references installation procedures using the SAE J826 H-point Machine. If desired the document can be adapted to use the HPM-II by substituting the appropriate SAE J4002 instatllation procedures. In that case, the use of the HPM-II should be clearly documented. Since the SgRP is the basis for many interior benchmark dimensions this information can be used to assess or compare vehicle interiors in a standard repeatable way based on the packaging limitations of the property.
Effects of meteorology and emissions on urban air quality: a
quantitative statistical approach to long-term records (1999–2016) in
Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Seo Jihoon , Park Doo-Sun R. , Kim Jin Young , Youn Daeok , Lim Yong Bin , Kim Yumi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Together with emissions of air pollutants and precursors, meteorological conditions play important roles in local air quality through accumulation or ventilation, regional transport, and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we extensively investigated multi-timescale meteorological effects on the urban air pollution using the long-term measurements data of PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 and meteorological variables over the period of 1999–2016 in Seoul, South Korea. The long-term air quality data were decomposed into trend-free short-term components and long-term trends by the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter, and the effects of meteorology and emissions were quantitatively isolated using a multiple linear regression with meteorological variables. In terms of short-term variability, intercorrelations among the pollutants and meteorological variables and composite analysis of synoptic meteorological fields exhibited that the warm and stagnant conditions in the migratory high-pressure system are related to the high PM10 and primary pollutant while the strong irradiance and low NO2 by high winds at the rear of cyclone are related to the high O3. In terms of long-term trends, decrease in PM10 (−1.75 µg m−3 yr−1) and increase in O3 (+0.88 ppb yr−1) in Seoul were largely contributed by the meteorology-related trends (−0.94 µg m−3 yr−1 for PM10 and +0.47 ppb yr−1 for O3), which were attributable to the subregional scale wind speeds increase. Comparisons with estimated local emissions and socioeconomic indices like GDP growth and fuel consumptions indicate probable influences of the 2008 global economic recession as well as the enforced regulations from the mid-2000s on the emission-related trends of PM10 and other primary pollutants. Change rates of local emissions and transport term of long-term components calculated by the tracer continuity equation revealed a decrease in contributions of local emissions to the primary pollutants including PM10 and an increase in contributions of local secondary productions to O3. This study shows meteorological conditions related to the episodic air pollution events in short-term and provides insights into the current environmental policies and regulations by isolation of emission-related trends in long-term.
Physicochemical uptake and release of volatile organic compounds by soil in coated-wall flow tube experiments with ambient air
Authors: Li Guo , Cheng Yafang , Kuhn Uwe , Xu Rongjuan , Yang Yudong , Meusel Hannah , Ma Nan , Wu Yusheng , Li Meng , Williams Jonathan , Hoffmann Thorsten , Ammann Markus , Pöschl Ulrich , Shao Min , Su Hang
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. Emission and deposition on soil have been suggested as important sources and sinks of atmospheric trace gases. The exchange characteristics and heterogeneous chemistry of VOCs on soil, however, are not well understood. We used a newly designed differential coated-wall flow tube system to investigate the long-term variability of bidirectional air-soil exchange of 13 VOCs at ambient air conditions of an urban background site in Beijing. Sterilized soil was investigated to address physicochemical processes and heterogeneous/multiphase reactions independently from biological activity. Most VOCs revealed net deposition with average uptake coefficients (γ) in the range of 10-7–10-6 (referring to the geometric soil surface area), corresponding to deposition velocities (Vd) of 0.0013–0.01 cm s-1 and soil surface resistances (Rc) of 98–745 s cm-1, respectively. Formic acid, however, was emitted at a long-term average rate of ~ 6 × 10-3 nmol m-2 s-1, suggesting that it was formed and released upon heterogeneous oxidation of other VOCs. The soil-atmosphere exchange of one individual VOC species can be affected by both its surface degradation/depletion caused by surface reactions and by competitive uptake or heterogeneous formation/accommodation of other VOC species. Overall, the results show that physicochemical processing and heterogeneous oxidation on soil and soil-derived dust can act as a sink or as a source of atmospheric VOCs, depending on molecular properties and environmental conditions.
Towards variational retrieval of warm rain from passive microwave observations
Authors: Duncan David Ian , Kummerow Christian D. , Dolan Brenda , Petković Veljko
Published: July 2018

Abstract. An experimental retrieval of oceanic warm rain is presented,
extending a previous variational algorithm to provide a suite of retrieved
variables spanning non-raining through predominantly warm raining conditions.
The warm rain retrieval is underpinned by hydrometeor covariances and drizzle
onset data derived from CloudSat. Radiative transfer modelling and analysis
of drop size variability from disdrometer observations permit state-dependent
observation error covariances that scale with columnar rainwater during
iteration. The state-dependent errors and nuanced treatment of drop
distributions in precipitating regions are novel and may be applicable for
future retrievals and all-sky data assimilation methods. This retrieval
method can effectively increase passive microwave sensors' sensitivity to
light rainfall that might otherwise be missed. Comparisons with space-borne and ground radar estimates are provided as a
proof of concept, demonstrating that a passive-only variational retrieval can
be sufficiently constrained from non-raining through warm rain conditions.
Significant deviations from forward model assumptions cause non-convergence,
usually a result of scattering hydrometeors above the freezing level.
However, for cases with liquid-only precipitation, this retrieval displays
greater sensitivity than a benchmark operational retrieval. Analysis against
passive and active products from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
satellite shows substantial discrepancies in precipitation frequency, with
the experimental retrieval observing more frequent light rain. This approach
may be complementary to other precipitation retrievals, and its potential
synergy with the operational passive GPM retrieval is briefly explored. There
are also implications for data assimilation, as all 13 channels on the GPM
Microwave Imager (GMI) are simulated over ocean with fidelity in warm raining
conditions.
A multi-method autonomous assessment of primary productivity and export efficiency in the springtime North Atlantic
Authors: Briggs Nathan , Guðmundsson Kristinn , Cetinić Ivona , D'Asaro Eric , Rehm Eric , Lee Craig , Perry Mary Jane
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Fixation of organic carbon by phytoplankton is the foundation of nearly all
open-ocean ecosystems and a critical part of the global carbon cycle. But
the quantification and validation of ocean primary productivity at large scale
remains a major challenge due to limited coverage of ship-based measurements
and the difficulty of validating diverse measurement techniques. Accurate
primary productivity measurements from autonomous platforms would be highly
desirable due to much greater potential coverage. In pursuit of this goal we
estimate gross primary productivity over 2 months in the springtime North
Atlantic from an autonomous Lagrangian float using diel cycles of particulate
organic carbon derived from optical beam attenuation. We test method
precision and accuracy by comparison against entirely independent estimates
from a locally parameterized model based on chlorophyll a and light
measurements from the same float. During nutrient-replete conditions (80 %
of the study period), we obtain strong relative agreement between the
independent methods across an order of magnitude of productivities
(r2=0.97), with slight underestimation by the diel cycle method
(−19 ± 5 %). At the end of the diatom bloom, this relative difference
increases to −58 % for a 6-day period, likely a response to SiO4
limitation, which is not included in the model. In addition, we estimate
gross oxygen productivity from O2 diel cycles and find strong
correlation with diel-cycle-based gross primary productivity over the entire
deployment, providing further qualitative support for both methods. Finally,
simultaneous estimates of net community productivity, carbon export, and
particle size suggest that bloom growth is halted by a combination of reduced
productivity due to SiO4 limitation and increased export efficiency due
to rapid aggregation. After the diatom bloom, high Chl a-normalized
productivity indicates that low net growth during this period is due to
increased heterotrophic respiration and not nutrient limitation. These
findings represent a significant advance in the accuracy and completeness of
upper-ocean carbon cycle measurements from an autonomous platform.
Empirical parametrization of Envisat freeboard retrieval of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice based on CryoSat-2: progress in the ESA Climate Change Initiative
Authors: Paul Stephan , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Kern Stefan , Rinne Eero
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In order to derive long-term changes in sea-ice volume, a
multi-decadal sea-ice thickness record is required. CryoSat-2 has showcased
the potential of radar altimetry for sea-ice mass-balance estimation over the
recent years. However, precursor altimetry missions such as Environmental Satellite (Envisat) have not
been exploited to the same extent so far. Combining both missions to acquire
a decadal sea-ice volume data set requires a method to overcome the
discrepancies due to different footprint sizes from either pulse-limited or
beam-sharpened radar echoes. In this study, we implemented an inter-mission-consistent
surface-type classification scheme for both hemispheres, based on
the waveform pulse peakiness, leading-edge width, and surface backscatter. In
order to achieve a consistent retracking procedure, we adapted the threshold
first-maximum retracker algorithm, previously used only for CryoSat-2, to
develop an adaptive retracker threshold that depends on waveform
characteristics. With our method, we produce a global and consistent
freeboard data set for CryoSat-2 and Envisat. This novel data set features a
maximum monthly difference in the mission-overlap period of 2.2 cm
(2.7 cm) for the Arctic (Antarctic) based on all gridded values with
spatial resolution of 25 km × 25 km and
50 km × 50 km for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively.
Sobre la carta encíclica “Laudato Si”, del Papa Francisco
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo Buenaventura
Published: July 2018

El 24 de mayo de 2015, en Roma, junto a San Pedro, el Papa Francisco ha publicado una nueva Carta Encíclica, a la que ha llamado “Laudato Si, Sobre el cuidado de la casa común”. Inicialmente, el documento despertó un enorme interés, probablemente debido al tema tan particular que esta vez en él se abordaba. Al paso de unos pocos días, tal interés, articularmente en los medios de comunicación, fue matizándose, a tal grado que ese hermoso e importante documento, me atrevo a pensarlo, pasará sin mayor discusión y análisis por el pueblo. Incluso, debo decirlo, la Iglesia ha hecho muy poca difusión del mismo, y lo ha comentado muy poco.
Online Open-Source Writing Aid as a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Sevcikova Beata Lewis
Published: July 2018

The present research offers an assessment of the online open source tools used in the L2 academic writing, teaching, and learning environment. As fairly little research has been conducted on how to best use online automated proofreaders for educational purposes, the objective of this study is to examine the potential of such online tools. Unlike most studies focusing on Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE), this research concentrates only on the online, open-source writing aide, grammar, spelling and writing style improvement tools available either for free or as paid versions. The accessibility and ability to check language mistakes in academic writings such as college-level essays in real time motivates both, teachers and students. The findings of this empirical-based study indicate that despite some bias, computerized feedback facilitates language learning, assists in improving the quality of writing, and increases student confidence and motivation. The current study can help with the understanding of students’ needs in writing, as well as in their perception of automated feedback.
Third-Party Payments Impact on Commercial Banks’ Non-Interest Income: Evidence from China
Authors: Xia Huiwen , Chunsom Nada
Published: July 2018

This study aims to explore the effects of Chinese third-party payments on commercial banks’ non-interest income over the period 2008-2017. In China, third-party payment is a digital payment provided by private non-bank firms that consist of desktop payment and mobile payment. More people prefer to use third-party payment, especially the mobile payment, instead of cash and bank card as the payment can be transacted easily and safely on the mobile phone by scanning QR code. To find whether this new digital payment trend impacts on commercial banks’ non-interest income or not, this paper first employs the random effects panel data technique. The regression results show that for overall banks, higher desktop payment yields higher non-interest income, while the mobile payment deters the non-interest income. Then in order to investigate whether third-party payment exerts the effects differently across bank types, we include interaction terms and dummy variables in the regression. Findings show that from the perspective of bank types, small-medium commercial banks reap the positive spillover effects. But for large state-owned commercial banks, the non-interest income suffers a loss when desktop payment and mobile payment are growing. Base on the findings, the insightful policy implications are put forth for commercial banks’ non-interest income expansion and profitability enhancement.
Een nieuw kader voor netwerk- en informatiebeveiliging: een cultuuromslag?
Authors: Kalis J.P. , van Duijvenvoorde G.P.
Published: July 2018

Een nieuw kader voor netwerk- en informatiebeveiliging: een cultuuromslag?

Veiligheid, bescherming en beveiliging van ICT-netwerken en digitale diensten, alsook van telecommunicatienetwerken en -diensten zijn van groot belang in de huidige informatiemaatschappij. In dit artikel worden de voornaamste ontwikkelingen besproken in zowel de Nederlandse wetgeving als Europese regelgeving om in dit kader een beveiligingscultuur te bewerkstelligen. Met name de stand van zaken rond de Wet gegevensbescherming en cybersecurity, de Europese Netwerk- en informatiebeveiligingsrichtlijn en diens implementatie krachtens de Cybersecuritywet, en de laatste ontwikkelingen in de telecommunicatieregulering worden behandeld.

Richtlijn (EU) 2016/1148 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 6 juli 2016 houdende maatregelen voor een hoog gemeenschappelijk niveau van beveiliging van netwerk- en informatiesystemen in de Unie (NIB-richtlijn), PbEU 2016, L 194/1.

De Wet gegevensverwerking en meldplicht cybersecurity;

Wet van 25 juli 2017, houdende regels over het verwerken van gegevens ter bevordering van de veiligheid en de integriteit van elektronische informatiesystemen die van vitaal belang zijn voor de Nederlandse samenleving en regels over het melden van ernstige inbreuken (Wet gegevensverwerking en meldplicht cybersecurity, Wgmc), Stb. 2017, 316.

Voorstel Cybersecuritywet (zoals die nu ligt bij de Tweede Kamer);

Voorstel van wet, Regels ter implementatie van richtlijn (EU) 2016/1148 (Cybersecuritywet), Kamerstukken II 2017/18, 34883, 2.
Het succes van social engineering
Authors: Bullée Jan-Willem , Montoya Lorena , Junger Marianne , Hartel Pieter
Published: July 2018

The Success of Social Engineering

Social engineering is the usage of social manipulation and psychological tricks to make the targets assist offenders in their attack. This paper aimed to discuss the success of social engineering attacks and interventions in an organisational setting. Three kinds of social engineering experiments were discussed, each using a different modality (i.e. face-to-face (f2f), email and telephone). In each experiment, the targets (i.e. participants) were persuaded to perform actions that contribute to their victimisation.

A portion of the participants in both the f2f and telephone experiment received an intervention to reduce victimisation. The conclusion is that awareness raising about dangers, characteristics and countermeasures related to social engineering proved to have a significant positive effect on protecting the target. The results of these experiments allow practitioners to focus awareness campaigns to maximise their effectiveness.
Heparin-free hemodialysis
Authors: Szymczak Anna , Kanafa Maciej , Chuć Marcin , Kusztal Mariusz
Published: July 2018

Hemodialysis is the most widely applied renal replacement therapy. Due to the fact that the hemocyte - dialyzer contact leads to the activation of the coagulation pathway, adequate anticoagulation to provide fluent blood flow is crucial. Since the standard parenteral use of heparin is not free from complications and may increase already raised bleeding risk in renal patients, the alternative methods of performing hemodialysis, including heparin-free procedures, are being investigated. These include the usage of anticoagulants regionally in the extracorporeal circuit or repeated saline flushes or other substituting compounds. Citrate module has already become the standard anticoagulant in intensive care for patients on continuous hemofiltration. Its usage in intermittent dialysis program requires some protocol modifications, but it is a valuable input in the development of heparin-free strategies. The other approach that allows reduced heparin usage is the use of an airless dialysis tubing system. Amongst coated dialyzer membranes, the one with heparinized hydrogel polyacrylonitrile was perceived as a significant step forward. Despite the fact that innovative strategies may turn out to be time and resource consuming and not always free of side-effects, they are worth investigating.
Evaluating the impact of long cargo dwell time on port performance: an evaluation model of Douala International Terminal in Cameroon
Authors: Aminatou Monde , Jiaqi Yang , Okyere Stephen
Published: July 2018

Create as part of the concession agreement signed by the Container Terminal 28 June 2004 with the port of Douala, Douala international terminal (DIT) Company aims to manage, operate and develop the Port’s container handling activity in Douala. This paper investigates the main factors explaining long container dwell times in Douala Port. Using original and extensive data on container imports in the Port of Douala, it seeks to provide a basic understanding of why containers stay on average more than two weeks in port space while long dwell times are widely recognized as a critical hindrance to economic development. It also demonstrates the interrelationships that exist between logistics performance of consignees, operational performance of port operators and efficiency of customs clearance operations. Shipment level analysis is used to identify the main determinants of long cargo dwell times and the impact of shipment characteristics such as fiscal regime, density of value, bulking and packaging type, last port of call, and region of origin or commodity group on cargo dwell time in ports is tested. External factors, such as performance of clearing and forwarding agents, shippers and shipping line strategies, also play an important role in the determination of long dwell times.
Generalized route planning approach for hazardous materials transportation with equity consideration
Authors: Chai Huo , He Rui-chun , Jia Xiao-yan , Ma Chang-xi , Dai Cun-jie
Published: July 2018

Hazardous materials transportation should consider risk equity and transportation risk and cost. In the hazardous materials transportation process, we consider risk equity as an important condition in optimizing vehicle routing for the long-term transport of hazardous materials between single or multiple origin-destination pairs (O-D) to reduce the distribution difference of hazardous materials transportation risk over populated areas. First, a risk equity evaluation scheme is proposed to reflect the risk difference among the areas. The evaluation scheme uses standard deviation to measure the risk differences among populated areas. Second, a risk distribution equity model is proposed to decrease the risk difference among populated areas by adjusting the path frequency between O-D pairs for hazardous materials transportation. The model is converted into two sub models to facilitate decision-making, and an algorithm is provided for each sub model. Finally, we design a numerical example to verify the accuracy and rationality of the model and algorithm. The numerical example shows that the proposed model is essential and feasible for reducing the complexity and increasing the portability of the transportation process.
Application of MCDA/MCDM methods for an integrated urban public transportation system – case study, city of Cracow
Authors: Kiciński Marcin , Solecka Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the application of the Multiple Criteria Decision Aid/Making (MCDA/MCDM) methodology in the assessment of the development of different scenarios for an urban public transportation system (UPTS). This methodology allows considering several conflicting objectives and performing the evaluation process in a comprehensive manner. This approach also corresponds to the holistic philosophy: different aspects (economic, technical, social etc.) and interest groups – stakeholders (operators, passengers, city government etc.). The MCDA/MCDM methodology is specifically customized to the real life case study – urban public transportation system in the city of Cracow (Poland). A family of 10 criteria is proposed to evaluate several solutions (W) for a UPTS in terms of their usefulness and attractiveness for different stakeholders. These criteria take into account: travel time and standard, effectiveness of the fleet use, environment friendliness, the level of integration and reliability of the UPTS, safety and security, the profitability and availability of the UPTS, investment costs. Considering the possible solutions, the 6 alternatives were designed heuristically and compared with the current state (denotation of alternative W0). Based on the analysis, for the final considerations compared with the current alternative, 7 new solutions of the integrated urban public transportation in Cracow were adopted, denoted as: W1 (bus/rail alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with bus transportation), W2 (rail/tram/bus alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with tram and bus transport system), W3 (alternative with the underground: integration of the underground with high-speed agglomeration rail and with tram and bus transport system), W4 (tram/rail alternative: integration of high-speed agglomeration rail with tram transport), W5 (Tram alternative: integration of tram transport with bus transport), W5A (tram alternative: sub-alternative to the alternative W5, integration of tram transport), W6 (dual-mode tram alternative: integration of dual-mode tram transport). The variants of the scenarios for the urban public transportation system were generated by VISUM computer macro-simulation software. The computational experiment was carried out with the practical application of different Multiple Criteria Decision Aid/Making methods: AHP (Expert Choice program) and Electre III (software package Diviz).
Balanço de serrapilheira em áreas de Eucalyptus urograndis (Clone H13) na transição Cerrado-Amazônia de Mato Grosso
Authors: Carmo Fábio Henrique Della Justina do , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Casavecchia Bruno Henrique , Volpato Maristela , Bouvié Luana , Silva Cátia Cardoso da
Published: July 2018

The growing demand for products of forest origin in the middle north region of Mato Grosso, Brazil has been increasing the production of the genus eucalyptus. This study aimed to assess the deposition and decomposition rates of litter at the central plot areas of Eucalyptus urograndis (Clone H13) areas of three, five, seven and nine years of age. In five and seven-year areas, the interfaces (borders) eucalyptus–crop and eucalyptus–native forest, and further, native forest remnant areas were assessed. Litter collectors with 1 m² area were installed and the deposited material was collected monthly. For quantifying the decomposition rates, collections were carried out at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days after installing the decomposition bags. In the dry season, higher amounts of deposited litter were observed, with a greater representation of the leaf fraction. Bark fraction presents positive and negative correlations with wind speed and relative air humidity, respectively. The litter balance found indicates that even under a tropical climate, high deposition rates occur when compared to the litter decomposition of E. urograndis, allowing significant increases of litter in planted areas as the age increased.
Determinação da fragilidade ambiental de bacia hidrográfica em relação à atividade suinícola utilizando SIG
Authors: Follmann Fernanda Maria , Manfio Júlia Caetano , Cruz Rafael Cabral , Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen , Tiecher Tadeu Luis , Luiz Thiago Boeno Patricio
Published: July 2018

The intensified use of natural resources started after the industrial revolution, with increasing the disorderly occupation of watersheds and environmental degradation over the past century. Studies of environmental fragilities helps to identify areas with greater or lesser fragility regarding to certain aspect or activity analyzed, contributing to the decision making and adoption of strategies to minimize such impacts. The objective of the study was to evaluate the environmental fragility of Lajeado Erval Novo Watershed front the swine farming in order to subsidize the support of the decision taken for the environmental licensing system. Therefore, was held an integrated environmental assessment of the basin from data processing in Geographic Information System using a model based on qualitative and quantitative variables and adding socio-environmental characteristics to hierarchize areas with higher and lower environmental fragility for swine effluents. The areas to the southwest and northeast of the studied watershed were diagnosed as points of high environmental fragility. This fragility was, mainly, related to higher generation of swine effluent load and the conditions that contribute to the process of environmental embrittlement of areas, such as the use and soil type, slope and proximity to water resources. The mapping of environmental fragilities, by addressing the specifics variables and conditions of areas, proved to be a very important tool for decision-making and the maintenance of swine activities and the environmental balance of the watershed.
Avaliação socioeconômica dos piscicultores do município de Porto Grande, Amapá, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Netiê Izabel da Silva de , Florentino Alexandro Cezar
Published: July 2018

The characterization of the socioeconomic profile isanessential tool for various types of analysis, whe nonewantsto know the relations of social processes, economic production over a givenarea, the living conditions of a particular community orgroup of people, and howto determine Its patternofgrowth and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic profile of fishfarmers in the city of Porto Grande, Amapá, Brazil. Eighteen fishfarmers wereinterviewed, as a methodological support, weused qualitative and quantitative research, with application of forms, in these are exposed structured and semi-structured questions. With statistical analysis encompassingallstages of descriptive statistics. The main research findings are the predominance of males in the activity, the mean age of 48.07 ± years, the majority of respondents are married. In school, therewas a predominance of incomplete fundamental level. Fish farmingis not presented as exclusive income, requiring supplementation to meet the needs of families, including agriculture. From the seresults, it was possibleto analyze a range of situations that were never discussed in o thers cientific studies for this region, which praises the importance of this socioeconomic survey.
Analysis of cuticular chemical profiles of Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae) females and juveniles using GC×GC/qMS
Authors: Guimarães Ingrid de Carvalho , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Caramão Elina Bastos , Schneider Jaderson Kleveston , Antonialli Junior William Fernando
Published: July 2018

Communication in spiders can occur by several mechanisms, such as chemical cues and the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play an important role in intraspecific recognition. Several techniques have been used to evaluate CHCs in spiders, such as Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection, Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometric detection and recently Fourier Transformed Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. In this study, rapid-scanning two-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS) was employed to assess the CHCs of L. geometricus females and juveniles of different ages. The results demonstrate that there is variation in CHCs of different body parts of females, with abdomen presenting greater number of compounds, as well as between adults and juveniles. Branched alkanes represented the majority of compounds in all samples, followed by linear alkanes, and alkenes were only present in adult’s abdomen and cephalothorax. The compounds 10-methyloctacosaneand 14-methyloctacosane; and 10-methyltriacontane and 14-methyltriacontane showed the same retention time in the 1D and were separated in the 2D. According to the results, rapid-scanning GC×GC/qMS can be considered a reliable technique to assess CHCs since it was possible to identify the spider’s cuticular compounds, and detect and separate two cases of chromatographic coelution.