bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF REMATING FREQUENCIES AND SPERM COMPETITION IN THE SCORPIONFLY PANORPA VULGARIS (IMHOFF AND LABRAM)
Authors: Sauer Klaus Peter , Epplen Conny , Over Iris , Lubjuhn Thomas , Schmidt Afra , Gerken Thomas , Epplen Jörg Thomas
Published: July 2002

Sperm competition can be a powerful selective force in the evolution of mating systems. The level of sperm competition depends on the remating frequency of females. Several scorpionfly species have been studied with respect to their mating systems. However, remating frequencies and lifetime patterns of sperm usage are completely unknown. Members of the genus Panorpa (Panorpidae: Mecoptera) display a particularly interesting range of mating systems, and Panorpa vulgaris was selected for study. Remating frequencies of wildcaught females were estimated (a) by comparing sperm quantities in females caught early and late in the season with mean number of sperm transferred by males in one copulation, and (b) by polymorphic microsatellite loci. The paternity of offspring produced during the entire lifetime of females in the lab was determined using three polymorphic microsatellite loci. More than 1200 individuals, collected both from wild and from captivity-bred P. vulgaris , were typed for paternity analyses. Microsatellite typing as well as comparison of sperm quantities showed (1) that females mated with several males and (2) that the number of mates increased with progressive lifetime. Some females were observed in captivity during their entire lifetime and the complete mating activities were recorded. Analysis of their offspring showed that females allocate paternity in proportion to male copulation duration. Remating and sperm mixing may allow females to gain "high quality" genes for their offspring when females adjust copulation duration to male quality.
HIGH AMPHIPODA SPECIES RICHNESS IN THE NERT GROUNDWATER SYSTEM (SOUTHERN FRANCE)
Authors: Danielopol Dan , Bou Claude , Rouch Raymond
Published: July 2002

Two types of habitats in the alluvial sediments of the Nert stream (a tributary of the Salat, in the Garonne drainage basin) were investigated. In the hyporheic habitat, six stygobite amphipod species (Salentinella gineti, S. petiti, Parasalentinella rouchi, Niphargus pachypus, N. gineti, and Ingolfiella thibaudi) were caught, during a 13 month sampling campaign and within an area of 30 m2 (sampled at 0.6 m and 1.0 m depth). With the aid of two piezometres, located in the alluvial plain (15-20 m removed from the stream), the previous six species were found again over a six month sampling period, and another stygobite amphipod, Niphargus robustus was caught, too. The quantitative micro-spatial distributions of the amphipods are presented, and the origin of this unusually large local biodiversity is discussed. Deux types d'habitat dans les sediments alluviaux du Nert (affluent du Salat dans le bassin de la Garonne) on ete etudies. Dans l'habitat hyporheique, six especes d'Amphipodes on ete recoltees (Salentinella gineti, S. petiti, Parasalentinella rouchi, Niphargus pachypus, N. gineti, Ingolfiella thibaudi) lors d'une campagne de prelevements d'une duree de 13 mois au cours de laquelle une aire de 30 m2 a ete prospectee a 0,6 m et 1,0 m de profondeur. Dans la plaine alluviale, deux piezometres situes a respectivement 15 et 20 metres du cours d'eau on fait l'objet de prelevements pendant une periode de six mois. Outre les six especes precitees, un autre Amphipode stygobie Niphargus robustus, a ete decouvert. La distribution spatiale quantitative de ces especes d'Amphipodes est presentee et l'origine de cette biodiversite locale elevee est egalement discutee.
Endotokia matricida in hermaphrodites of Heterorhabditis spp. and the effect of the food supply
Authors: Johnigk Stefan-Andreas , Ehlers Ralf-Udo
Published: July 2002

Intra-uterine birth causing maternal death (endotokia matricida) is relatively common in rhabditid nematodes and typical for entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. A detailed description of this phenomenon is given, including a summary of embryo development, egg-laying, juvenile hatching and development. It is demonstrated that low food supply significantly promotes the beginning of endotokia matricida but has no influence on the time scale of the process. The biological function of endotokia matricida and the intra-uterine induction of the dauer formation is discussed. Endotokia matricida in Heterorhabditis spp. is a well synchronised process of the destruction of the maternal tissues correlated with the juvenile development including the uptake of the symbiotic bacteria by the late pre-dauer stage. It secures the development of dauer juveniles at a moment when the external food supply is reducing and provides offspring which are well equipped with energy reserves and symbiotic bacteria for long term survival and subsequent infection of insects in the soil. Endotokia matricida bei Hermaphroditen von Heterorhabditis spp. und der Einfluss der Nahrungsversorgung . - Der Schlupf juveniler Nematoden im mutterlichen Uterus mit anschliessender Totung des Muttertieres (endotokia matricida) ist relativ weit verbreitet bei rhabditiden Nematoden und typisch fur entomopathogene Nematoden der Gattung Heterorhabditis. Die Endotokia matricida wird beschrieben sowie die Embryonalentwicklung, das Eilegeverhalten, der Schlupf und die Entwicklung der Juvenilen. Der Beginn der endotokia matricida wird durch eine niedrige Nahrungsverfugbarkeit in der Kultur signifikant gefordert, diese hat jedoch keinen Einfluss auf den zeitlichen Ablauf der endotokia matricida. Die biologische Funktion der endotokia matricida und die intra-uterine Induktion der Dauerlarvenbildung werden diskutiert. Die endotokia matricida bei Heterorhabditis spp. ist ein gut synchronisierter Prozess, bei dem die Zerstorung des Muttertiers korreliert mit der Entwicklung der Juvenilstadien, einschliesslich der Aufnahme der symbiotischen Bakterien durch das Pra-Dauer Stadium. Sie sichert die Entwicklung von Dauerlarven zu einem Zeitpunkt, wenn die externe Nahrungsversorgung sich verschlechtert und bringt so Nachkommen hervor, die gut mit Energiereserven und symbiotischen Bakterien ausgestattet sind, um im Boden lange zu uberdauern und Insekten zu befallen.
IS IT OR ISN'T IT? PHENOMENOLOGY AS DESCRIPTIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Scanlon John
Published: July 2002

This article looks back at some aspects of the heritage of Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations on the occasion of that work's centennial, following some clues Husserl offered in his own 1925 retrospective evaluation. The themes pursued are: Dilthey's surprisingly enthusiastic appreciation of the work; Husserl's subsequent recognition of the kernel of truth in psychologism; the complex question of phenomenology as descriptive psychology; and, finally, the distinctive view of mental life introduced in that work.
Effects of acid mine drainage on clay minerals suspended in the Tinto River (Río Tinto, Spain). An experimental approach
Authors: Galan E. , Carretero M. I. , Fernandez-Caliani J . C.
Published: July 2002

The Tinto river is one of the most polluted stream environments in the world, as a result of both acid mine drainage and natural acid rock drainage. Two representative samples from the phyllosilicate-rich rocks exposed in the drainage basin (Palaeozoic chlorite-bearing slates and Miocene smectite-rich marls) were treated with acid river water (pH = 2.2) for different times to constrain the effects of extreme hydrogeochemical conditions on clay mineral stability. Illite and kaolinite did not show appreciable variations in their crystal chemistry parameters upon treatment. Chlorite underwent an incipient chemical degradation evidenced by the progressive loss of Fe in octahedral positions coupled with a shortening of the b unit-cell parameter, although no weathering products of chlorite were observed. Smectite and calcite were rapidly and fully dissolved thus neutralizing the water acidity, and subsequently Fe and Al oxy-hydroxides and opaline silica precipitated from the aqueous solution, together with a neoformed amorphous silicate phase largely enriched in Al and Mg.
Gradual H/D substitution in synthetic germanium bearing talcs: a method for infrared band assignment
Authors: Martin F. , Petit S. , Grauby O. , Lavie M. P.
Published: July 2002

The deuteration technique was used to assign unknown infrared (IR) bands of Ge-bearing talcs. Procedures to achieve partial or complete H/D replacement in synthetic Ge-bearing (Mg, Ni and Co)-talcs have been investigated. From the spectral shift of IR absorption bands in the 4000–300 cm-1 region resulting from the H-D substitution, the IR bands of vibrations of Ge-bearing talcs could be identified and synthetic Ge-bearing talcs showed significantly different IR spectra from those for Si-talcs. After deuteration of synthetic Ge-bearing talcs, the unknown bands were attributed either to hydroxyl groups or to Ge–O vibrations of the clay skeleton, and the spectra were interpreted fully.
Petrogenesis of plagioclase phenocrysts of Mount Etna, Sicily, with particular reference to the 1983 eruption: contribution from cathodoluminescence petrography
Authors: Stirling D. , Duncan A. M. , Guest J. E. , Finch A. A.
Published: July 2002

The cathodoluminescence (CL) characteristics of plagioclase phenocrysts in water-quenched lavas from the 1983 eruption of Etna have been investigated to examine the application of plagioclase CL to the study of magmatic processes. The phenocrysts have a green luminescent inner zone that is sharply bounded by a blue luminescent outer zone, with the boundary often coinciding with a concentric zone of glass inclusions.

Strong compositional differences between the green (An70–An75) and blue (An50–An60) luminescent areas are interpreted as the result of two phases of growth under differing conditions. The green luminescent cores are considered to be anorthite-rich cumulate crystals from a basic magma which have been disrupted by the injection of a more evolved melt, resulting in heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization of the outer blue luminescent zone. The relationship between the CL and the trace element contents of the plagioclase crystals is discussed.
mDYRK3 kinase is expressed selectively in late erythroid progenitor cells and attenuates colony-forming unit–erythroid development
Authors: Geiger Justin N. , Knudsen Geoffry T. , Panek Leigh , Pandit Ajay K. , Yoder Michael D. , Lord Kenneth A. , Creasy Caretha L. , Burns Brian M. , Gaines Peter , Dillon Susan B. , Wojchowski Don M.
Published: July 2002

DYRKs are a new subfamily of dual-specificity kinases that was originally discovered on the basis of homology to Yak1, an inhibitor of cell cycle progression in yeast. At present, mDYRK-3 and mDYRK-2 have been cloned, and mDYRK-3 has been characterized with respect to kinase activity, expression among tissues and hematopoietic cells, and possible function during erythropoiesis. In sequence, mDYRK-3 diverges markedly in noncatalytic domains from mDYRK-2 and mDYRK-1a, but is 91.3% identical overall to hDYRK-3. Catalytically, mDYRK-3 readily phosphorylated myelin basic protein (but not histone 2B) and also appeared to autophosphorylate in vitro. Expression of mDYRK-1a, mDYRK-2, and mDYRK-3 was high in testes, but unlike mDYRK1a and mDYRK 2, mDYRK-3 was not expressed at appreciable levels in other tissues examined. Among hematopoietic cells, however, mDYRK-3 expression was selectively elevated in erythroid cell lines and primary pro-erythroid cells. In developmentally synchronized erythroid progenitor cells, expression peaked sharply following exposure to erythropoietin plus stem cell factor (SCF) (but not SCF alone), and in situ hybridizations of sectioned embryos revealed selective expression of mDYRK-3 in fetal liver. Interestingly, antisense oligonucleotides to mDYRK-3 were shown to significantly and specifically enhance colony-forming unit–erythroid colony formation. Thus, it is proposed that mDYRK-3 kinase functions as a lineage-restricted, stage-specific suppressor of red cell development.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α uses a novel receptor for primitive hemopoietic cell inhibition
Authors: Ottersbach Katrin , Cook Donald N. , Kuziel William A. , Humbles Alison , Lu Bao , Gerard Craig , Proudfoot Amanda E. I. , Graham Gerard J.
Published: July 2002

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) is a member of the chemokine family of proinflammatory mediators. In addition to its inflammatory roles, MIP-1α has been shown to be active as an inhibitor of primitive hemopoietic cell proliferation. Indeed, a dysfunction in this inhibitory process has been postulated to contribute to leukemogenesis. Research has been aimed at characterizing the receptor involved in cellular inhibition by MIP-1α. This study demonstrates that of all the β-chemokines tested, only MIP-1α is capable of inhibiting primitive hemopoietic cell proliferation. Because no MIP-1α–specific receptors have been identified, this suggests that inhibition is mediated by an uncharacterized receptor. Further evidence for the involvement of a novel receptor in this process is the equivalent potencies of MIP-1αS and MIP-1αP variants of human MIP-1α and the fact that primitive cells from bone marrow derived from individual MIP-1α receptor null mice display a full response to MIP-1α inhibition.
Semaglutide Updates, Hypertension Triple Pills, and More—Heart Health Highlights From ESC Congress
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: October 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with European Society of Cardiology Vice President Carlos Aguiar, MD, about clinical research highlights from the largest scientific meeting in cardiovascular medicine, held recently in London.
Social Risk Factor Domains and Preventive Care Services in US Adults
Authors: Schroeder Tamara , Ozieh Mukoso N. , Thorgerson Abigail , Williams Joni S. , Walker Rebekah J. , Egede Leonard E.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Growing evidence suggests that social determinants of health are associated with low uptake of preventive care services.

Objective

To examine the independent associations of social risk factor domains with preventive care services among US adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used National Health Interview Survey data on 82 432 unweighted individuals (239 055 950 weighted) from 2016 to 2018. Subpopulations were created for each of the primary outcomes: routine mammography (women aged 40-74 years), Papanicolaou test (women aged 21-65 years), colonoscopy (adults aged 45-75 years), influenza vaccine (adults aged ≥18 years), and pneumococcal vaccine (adults aged ≥65 years). Statistical analysis was performed from July to December 2023.

Exposures

Six social risk domains (economic instability, lack of community, education deficit, food insecurity, social isolation, and lack of access to care) and a count of domains.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Logistic regression models were used to examine the independent association between each primary outcome (mammography, Papanicolaou test, colonoscopy, influenza vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine) and social risk factor domains, while controlling for covariates (age, sex, race and ethnicity, health insurance, and comorbidities).

Results

A total of 82 432 unweighted US individuals (239 055 950 weighted individuals) were analyzed. A total of 54.3% were younger than 50 years, and 51.7% were female. All 5 screening outcomes were associated with educational deficit (mammography: odds ratio [OR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67-0.80]; Papanicolaou test: OR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.85]; influenza vaccine: OR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.67-0.74]; pneumococcal vaccine: OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.63-0.75]; colonoscopy: OR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.77-0.87]) and a lack of access to care (mammography: OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.27-0.38]; Papanicolaou test: OR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.44-0.54]; influenza vaccine: OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.41-0.47]; pneumococcal vaccine: OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.25-0.38]; colonoscopy: OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.30-0.41]). Fully adjusted models showed that every unit increase in social risk count was significantly associated with decreased odds of receiving a mammography (OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.71-0.77]), Papanicolaou test (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.81-0.87]), influenza vaccine (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.80-0.83]), pneumococcal vaccine (OR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.77-0.83]), and colonoscopy (OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.86-0.90]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of US adults suggests that social risk factor domains were associated with decreased odds of receiving preventive services; this association was cumulative. There is a need to address social risk factors to optimize receipt of recommended preventive services.
Remote sensing reveals the importance of seminatural habitat and irrigation on aphid biocontrol in arid agroecosystems
Authors: Call Anson , Akiba Sami , Pringle Elizabeth G.
Published: October 2024

Remote sensing and spatial analyses are increasingly used to understand the role of seminatural habitats in biocontrol, but knowing how to best leverage these tools is a persistent challenge. In arid agroecosystems, irrigation often exaggerates the differences between crop fields and their interspaces. Weeds adjacent to irrigated fields are thus often some of the only persistent vegetation. Remote sensing may be essential to capture the effect of this fine‐scale variation on pest biocontrol.

We examined the role of land‐cover in determining the degree of aphid pest pressure and biocontrol in irrigated alfalfa fields in the Great Basin Desert (Nevada, USA). We experimentally manipulated predator densities to determine true agents of aphid biocontrol in this system. We then assessed land‐cover and spatial scale using alternative methods to determine the approaches that best defined the combined direct and indirect effects of seminatural habitat on aphid pest suppression.

A remote‐sensing approach revealed the importance of land‐cover to aphid biocontrol more clearly than conventional vegetation surveys. In particular, remote sensing revealed that weedy patches within alfalfa fields reduced aphid densities, whereas flood irrigation increased aphid densities.

Our experiments confirmed that coccinellid beetles are important aphid biocontrol agents. Coccinellids were positively associated with weedy land‐cover that was spatially close to alfalfa fields, particularly in the spring. Other predator taxa were also associated with distinct landscape features, though these associations varied between spring and fall.

Solution: Weedy seminatural habitat near alfalfa fields, occurring along field margins and the banks of irrigation ditches, was positively associated with the density of coccinellid beetles and associated aphid pest suppression. Remote sensing excelled at identifying these areas and their effects, highlighting its utility as a management tool. Preserving these weedy areas can enhance aphid biocontrol, but farmers must consider potential trade‐offs between the control of insect‐pests and weeds.
ASAM convenes in D.C. to discuss opioid crisis with lawmakers
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

Late last month, representatives of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) convened in Washington, D.C., to meet on three main topics: utilizing telemedicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) with medications, making methadone treatment more accessible for patients with OUD (meaning, remove opioid treatment programs [OTPs] as the sole prescribers), and covering residential treatment for addiction for Medicare patients.
Parameter Optimization and Flaw Type Dependent Tensile Properties of 15‐5PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Ayers Nicolas , Lucas Cameron , Mahmud Asif , Kljestan Nemanja , Knezevic Marko , Sohn Yongho
Published: October 2024

Careful consideration of processing parameters to mitigate defect formation is crucial to ensure reliability of components produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, additive manufacturing parameter optimization and flaw type dependent tensile properties of 15‐5 precipitation hardened (PH) stainless steel produced by LPBF is examined to understand the correlation among processing parameters, flaw types, and corresponding tensile mechanical behavior. It is reported that LPBF samples with keyhole (KH) pores exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to those induced with lack‐of‐fusion (LOF) flaws, for a given relative density level. Diminished mechanical properties in samples with LOF flaws is correlated to the flaws’ irregular shapes and sharp corners, causing stress concentration. Minimal improvements to the mechanical properties of LOF‐induced samples, despite increasing relative density, indicate even small amounts of LOF flaws cause stress concentration and crack initiation. Conversely, KH pores exhibit high circularity and lower curvature values, and samples with KH pores demonstrate a strong correlation between tensile properties and relative density. Findings from this study suggest that when suboptimal LPBF processing is inevitable, favoring excessive energy input to induce KH pores over LOF flaws can lead to more predictable mechanical behavior of LPBF components.
Wearable Tactile Sensors Customized with Hierarchical Microdomes via Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Hassanpoor Sina , Uddin Mohammad Abrar , Strange Stephen Alexander , Shearod Kaliyah , Kim Taeil
Published: October 2024

3D printing presents a promising avenue for developing personalized healthcare devices. Among 3D printing techniques, direct ink writing (DIW) stands out for its versatility in fabricating wearable sensors for real‐time health monitoring. DIW not only enables the utilization of diverse materials but also offers the flexibility to produce various sensors quickly. In this study, a novel wearable tactile sensor with a customizable active layer realized through the DIW employing two distinct conductive inks with differing rheological and electrical properties is introduced. The resulting 3D‐printed active layers are flexible and micro‐structured, which facilitate real‐time physiological signal recording in health monitoring applications. By incorporating hierarchical microdomes atop a flat substrate, the dynamic response of the active layer is significantly enhanced. Additionally, the trapped pores within the 3D‐printed structures contribute to improved sensor performance in static tests. The 3D‐printed active layers exhibit excellent linearity and resolution in the range from 1 to 30 N, demonstrating their suitability for diverse applications tailored to specific requirements. This study offers a cost‐effective approach for fabricating tactile sensors customized for various wearable medical applications.
Bioinspired Stretchable Strain Sensor with High Linearity and Superhydrophobicity for Underwater Applications
Authors: Wu Huansheng , Wang Cong , Liu Linpeng , Liu Zhilin , He Jiahua , Zhang Changchao , Duan Ji‐an
Published: October 2024

Flexible strain sensors are of great significance in health monitoring, wearable electronic devices, intelligent robot sensing, and other fields. Most of the reported works focus on the enhancement of sensitivity or working range, while linearity is ignored and exhibits strong nonlinearity. Conflict among performances remains a serious challenge for the development of flexible strain sensors. Herein, inspired by the architecture of butterfly's wings, a strain sensor with double conductive layers and wrinkles/holes structures is proposed. The fabricated sensor shows a high linearity of >0.98 over a full working strain range of 120%, and a linearity of up to 0.999 within a strain range of 0%–30%. Apart from that, the sensor also presents a sensitivity of 8.28, high stability over 40 000 cycles when subjected to a full‐scale strain, as well as a water contact angle of >167.4°. Meanwhile, strains as low as 0.075% can be identified, while a maximum frequency of 40 Hz can be responded to for the sensor. It is demonstrated that the sensor is capable of enabling flexible grippers to sense and monitor the motions of underwater vehicles, indicating its greater potential for diverse applications, such as human–machine interaction, marine environmental protection, and biological research.
Targeted Therapy of Osteoarthritis via Intra‐Articular Delivery of Lipid‐Nanoparticle‐Encapsulated Recombinant Human FGF18 mRNA
Authors: Sun Mengze , Ma Bin , Pan Zihang , Zhao Yun , Tian Liangliang , Fan Yifei , Kong Weijing , Wang Junyan , Xu Boyang , Ao Yingfang , Guo Quanyi , Wang Xi , Peng Xiaohong , Li Xiaoxia , Cheng Jin , Miao Lei , Wang Kai , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: October 2024

Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) emerges as a promising therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, a novel articular cavity‐localized lipid nanoparticle (LNP) named WG‐PL14 is developed. This optimized formulation has a nearly 30‐fold increase in mRNA expression as well as better articular cavity enrichment compared to commercial lipids MC3 when performing intra‐articular injection. Then, a mRNA sequence encoding recombinant human FGF18 (rhFGF18) for potential mRNA therapy in OA is optimized. In vitro assays confirm the translation of rhFGF18 mRNA into functional proteins within rat and human chondrocytes, promoting cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of the LNP‐rhFGF18 mRNA complex is systematically assessed in a mouse OA model. The administration exhibits several positive outcomes, including an improved pain response, upregulation of ECM‐related genes (e.g., AGRN and HAS2), and remodeling of subchondral bone homeostasis compared to a control group. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of localized LNP‐rhFGF18 mRNA therapy in promoting the regeneration of cartilage tissue and mitigating the progression of OA.
Flexible Soft X‐Ray Image Sensors based on Metal Halide Perovskites With High Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Tan Pengju , Liu Tianyu , Yang Yuqian , Chen Yuangan , Guan Yong , Li Zidu , Yu Shunjie , Yang Xunyong , Xiang Xueqiang , Zhao Xiaolong , Li Yu , Ding Honghe , Wu Xuefei , Fink Zachary , Gao Shuang , Hou Xiaohu , Jiao Xuechen , Zhu Junfa , Fan Fengjia , Yang Shangfeng , Russell Thomas P. , Liu Xiaosong , Hu Qin , Long Shibing
Published: October 2024

Soft X‐ray imaging is a powerful tool to explore the structure of cells, probe material with nanometer resolution, and investigate the energetic phenomena in the universe. Conventional soft X‐ray image sensors are by and large Si‐based charge coupled devices that suffer from low frame rates, complex fabrication processes, mechanical inflexibility, and required cooling below −60 °C. Here, a soft X‐ray photodiode is reported based on low‐cost metal halide perovskite with comparable performance to commercial Si‐based device. Nanothrough network electrode minimized the optical loss due to the shadowing of insensitive layers, while a multidimensional perovskite heterojunction is generated to reduce the photo‐generated carrier loss. This strategy promoted a record quantum efficiency of 8 × 103% without cooling, several orders of magnitude greater than the previously achieved. Flexible and curved soft X‐ray imaging arrays are fabricated based on this high‐performance device structure, demonstrating stable soft X‐ray response and sharp imaging capabilities. This work highlights the low‐cost and efficient perovskite photodiode as a strong candidate for the next‐generation soft X‐ray image sensors.
NHC‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aroylchromones and Their Application in the Synthesis of Wrightiadione Analogues
Authors: Koyama Futa , Lamb Justin S. , Hirao Moena , Suzuki Noriyuki , Yoshizawa‐Fujita Masahiro , Usuki Toyonobu , Suzuki Yumiko
Published: October 2024

With a number of biologically active members, 2‐aroylchromones are valuable synthetic targets. A direct route towards 2‐aroylchromones from 2‐(methylsulfonyl)chromones and aldehydes via NHC‐catalyzed C−C bond formation was developed. Yields of the synthesized 2‐aroylchromones were up to 85%. Chromones with angioprotective or antibacterial properties were easily synthesized using the method developed. Additionally, the synthetic utility of the afforded chromones was demonstrated by using them to synthesize the anticancer compound wrightiadione and analogues of it.
Photocatalytic Silylation of Aryl Alkynoates: Synthesis of Silylated Coumarins
Authors: Ladumor Ravikumar , Samanta Sourav , Selvakumar Sermadurai
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report the photocatalytic synthesis of 3‐silyl coumarins using hydrosilanes as the silyl radical source with aryl alkynoates. Readily prepared N‐aminopyridinium salts act as hydrogen atom transfer reagents for generating silyl radicals under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through a silyl radical addition to alkyne followed by radical cascade cyclization/migration with subsequent oxidation and aromatization to give the desired 3‐silyl coumarins in 34–89% yield.
Genome‐Wide Profiling of H3K27ac Identifies TDO2 as a Pivotal Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis Liver Disease
Authors: Zhu Yaling , Shang Limeng , Tang Yunshu , Li Qiushuang , Ding Lin , Wang Yi , Zhang Tiantian , Xie Bin , Ma Jinhu , Li Xinyu , Chen Shuwen , Yi Xinrui , Peng Jin , Liang Youfeng , He Anyuan , Yan Hong , Zhu Huaqing , Zhang Buchun , Zhu Yong
Published: October 2024

H3K27ac has been widely recognized as a representative epigenetic marker of active enhancer, while its regulatory mechanisms in pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain elusive. Here, a genome‐wide comparative study on H3K27ac activities and transcriptome profiling in high fat diet (HFD)‐induced MASLD model is performed. A significantly enhanced H3K27ac density with abundant alterations of regulatory transcriptome is observed in MASLD rats. Based on integrative analysis of ChIP‐Seq and RNA‐Seq, TDO2 is identified as a critical contributor for abnormal lipid accumulation, transcriptionally activated by YY1‐promoted H3K27ac. Furthermore, TDO2 depletion effectively protects against hepatic steatosis. In terms of mechanisms, TDO2 activates NF‐κB pathway to promote macrophages M1 polarization, representing a crucial event in MASLD progression. A bovine serum albumin nanoparticle is fabricated to provide sustained release of Allopurinol (NPs‐Allo) for TDO2 inhibition, possessing excellent biocompatibility and desired targeting capacity. Venous injection of NPs‐Allo robustly alleviates HFD‐induced metabolic disorders. This study reveals the pivotal role of TDO2 and its underlying mechanisms in pathogenesis of MASLD epigenetically and genetically. Targeting H3K27ac‐TDO2‐NF‐κB axis may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of abnormal lipid accumulation and pave the way for developing novel strategies for MASLD prevention and treatment.
The eATP/P2×7R Axis Drives Quantum Dot‐Nanoparticle Induced Neutrophil Recruitment in the Pulmonary Microcirculation
Authors: Li Chenxi , Liu Qiongliang , Han Lianyong , Zhang Haiyun , Immler Roland , Rathkolb Birgit , Secklehner Judith , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Yildirim Ali Önder , Zeuschner Dagmar , Nicke Annette , Carlin Leo M. , Sperandio Markus , Stoeger Tobias , Rehberg Markus
Published: October 2024

Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is frequently associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. In contrast, NPs in nanomedicine hold great promise for precise lung‐specific drug delivery, especially considering the extensive pulmonary capillary network that facilitates interactions with bloodstream‐suspended particles. Therefore, exact knowledge about effects of engineered NPs within the pulmonary microcirculation are instrumental for future application of this technology in patients. To unravel the real‐time dynamics of intravenously delivered NPs and their effects in the pulmonary microvasculature, we employed intravital microscopy of the mouse lung. Only PEG‐amine‐QDs, but not carboxyl‐QDs triggered rapid neutrophil recruitment in microvessels and their subsequent recruitment to the alveolar space and was linked to cellular degranulation, TNF‐α, and DAMP release into the circulation, particularly eATP. Stimulation of the ATP‐gated receptor P2X7R induced expression of E‐selectin on microvascular endothelium thereby mediating the neutrophilic immune response. Leukocyte integrins LFA‐1 and MAC‐1 facilitated adhesion and decelerated neutrophil crawling on the vascular surface. In summary, this study unravels the complex cascade of neutrophil recruitment during NP‐induced sterile inflammation. Thereby we demonstrate novel adverse effects for NPs in the pulmonary microcirculation and provide critical insights for optimizing NP‐based drug delivery and therapeutic intervention strategies, to ensure their efficacy and safety in clinical applications.
Temperature‐Dependent Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Tellurium Hyperdoped Silicon
Authors: Rahman KM Ashikur , Shaikh Mohd Saif , Yue Qianao , Dissanayake S. Senali , Wang Mao , Zhou Shengqiang , Sher Meng‐Ju
Published: October 2024

Tellurium‐hyperdoped silicon (Si:Te) shows significant promise as an intermediate band material candidate for highly efficient solar cells and photodetectors. Time‐resolved THz spectroscopy (TRTS) is used to study the excited carrier dynamics of Si hyperdoped with 0.5, 1, and 2%. The two photoexcitation wavelengths enable us to understand the temperature‐dependent carrier transport in the hyperdoped region in comparison with the Si region. Temperature significantly influences the magnitude of transient conductivity and decay time when photoexcited by light with a wavelength of 400 nm. Due to the differential mobilities in the Si and hyperdoped regions, such dependence is absent under 266‐nm excitation. Consistent with the literature, the charge‐carrier lifetime decreases with increasing dopant concentration. It is found that the photoconductivity becomes less temperature‐dependent as the dopant concentration increases. In the literature, the photodetection range of Si:Te extends to a wavelength of 5.0 µm at a temperature of 20 K. The simulation shows that carrier diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, is strongly temperature dependent and impacts transient photoconductivity decay curves. The simulation also revealed that, in the hyperdoped regions, the carrier recombination rate remains independent of temperature.
Growth and Depuration of Off‐Flavors in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss in a Partial Recirculating Aquaculture System (PRAS)
Authors: Lindholm‐Lehto Petra Camilla , Kiuru Tapio
Published: October 2024

In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), off‐flavours accumulated in fish muscle tissue can be problematic in terms of consumer acceptance and the reputation of farmed fish products. Off‐flavours often give fish earthy, muddy, or other undesirable flavours. Typically, off‐flavours are removed during a depuration period in which fish are fasted and held in clean water. Unfortunately, this causes additional costs and delayed sales, while fish lose weight and show a decrease in lipid content. First, we studied fish growth in a partial RAS (PRAS) where the conditions are very similar to those in depuration with a water exchange rate of 4000 L kg−1 feed, compared to RAS with a 650‐L water kg−1 feed. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was reared in both systems. Our aim was to combine the benefits of a higher water exchange rate: the lack of need for biofilters and a lower accumulation of off‐flavours while obtaining stable rearing conditions. Additionally, we studied the effects of moderate feeding and H2O2 addition during depuration. The fish grew faster in a PRAS than in a RAS when fed ad libitum. Thirteen off‐flavour compounds were found in the fish flesh and 11 in the circulating water. The H2O2 addition led to decreased levels of off‐flavours in the tank water and in fish muscle. The results showed no significant differences in off‐flavours between the fed and not‐fed systems, showing that moderate feeding did not prevent a good depuration result. However, the lipid content and the overall fish weight were higher in the fed systems, which suggests more effective depuration. Increased depuration efficiency can be an important tool when considering ways to improve the profitability of production.
Impact of preoperative anemia and perioperative transfusion on short‐term outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: The role of iron supplementation
Authors: Takashima Junpei , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Koizumi Ayaka , Shigehara Fumi , Yamazaki Kenji , Fujimoto Daisuke , Miura Fumihiko
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy, and many patients with colorectal cancer experience preoperative anemia. Anemia and transfusions negatively impact short‐term surgical outcomes. Management of anemia, including iron supplementation, has not been extensively studied in Japanese patients. Thus, the impact of anemia and blood transfusions on short‐term surgical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients and the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation with ferrous citrate were investigated.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients with colorectal cancer (≥18 y) who underwent elective surgery from April 2015 to March 2023 was conducted. Patients with benign tumors, malignant lymphoma, emergency surgeries, or nonresectable lesions were excluded from the study. Hemoglobin levels were assessed at consultation, admission, the day after surgery, and discharge. Patients were categorized by anemia severity and divided into iron supplementation and no supplementation groups. Outcomes, including transfusions and postoperative complications, were compared with univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The prevalence of postoperative anemia in the 545 enrolled patients increased significantly from 52.8% at admission to 78.7% the day after surgery (p < 0.001). Severe anemia immediately before surgery was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24, p < 0.001). Iron supplementation significantly improved hemoglobin levels and reduced transfusions and complications. The median duration of iron supplementation was 30 d, suggesting a positive influence on outcomes.

Conclusion

Severe anemia immediately before surgery is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Iron supplementation with ferrous citrate improves short‐term outcomes.
The Electron‐Density Distribution of UCl4 and Its Topology from X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Cossard Alessandro , Gianopoulos Christopher G. , Desmarais Jacques K. , Casassa Silvia , Gatti Carlo , Erba Alessandro , Pinkerton A. Alan
Published: October 2024

The chemistry of
electrons in actinide complexes and materials is still poorly understood and represents a serious challenge and opportunity for experiment and theory. The study of the electron density distribution of the ground state of such systems through X‐ray diffraction represents a unique opportunity to quantitatively investigate different chemical bonding interactions at once, but was considered “almost impossible” on heavy‐atom systems, until very recently. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the electron density distribution in UCl_4 crystals and comparison with the previously reported spin density distribution from polarized neutron diffraction. All approaches provide a consistent picture in terms of electron and spin density distribution, and chemical bond characterization. More importantly, the synergy between experiments and quantum‐mechanical calculations allows to highlight the remarkable sensitivity of X‐ray diffraction to
electrons in materials.
Self‐Polycondensation Flux Synthesis of Ultrastable Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Zhu Qianqian , Wang Jixian , Wang Ting , Xia Wei , Lin En , Wang Kaiyuan , Hu Heng , Wang Tonghai , Wang Zhifang , Hao Liqin , Liu Yujie , Jiao Lifang , Cheng Peng , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: October 2024

Creating new functional materials that efficiently support noble metal catalysts is important and in high demand. Herein, we develop a self‐polycondensation flux synthesis strategy that can produce olefin‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) platforms with high crystallinity and porosity as the supports of Pd nanoparticles for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). A series of “two in one” monomers integrating aldehyde and methyl reactive groups are rationally designed to afford COFs with square‐shaped pores and ultrahigh chemical stability (e.g., strong acid or alkali environments for >1 month). Functionalizing Fluorine significantly boosts the hydrophobicity of fluoro‐functionalized COFs, which can inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enhance ENRR performances. The COFs loading Pd nanoparticles show high NH3 production yields up to 90.0±2.6 μg ⋅ h−1 ⋅ mgcat.−1 and the faradaic efficiency of 44 % at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, the best comprehensive performance among all reported COFs. Meanwhile, the catalysts are easy to recover and recycle, as demonstrated by their use for 15 cycles and 17 hours, with good performance retention. This work not only provides a new synthesis strategy for olefin‐linked COFs, but also paves a new avenue for the design of highly efficient ENRR catalysts.
Structural Snapshots, Trajectory and Thermodynamics of the Reversible μ‐1,2‐Peroxo/μ‐1,1‐Hydroperoxo Dicopper(II) Interconversion
Authors: Spyra Can‐Jerome , Hiller David , Eisenlohr Kim A. , Dechert Sebastian , Demeshko Serhiy , Bhattacharya Disha , Lücken Jana , Holthausen Max C. , Meyer Franc
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen bonds involving the oxygen atoms of intermediates that result from copper‐mediated O2 activation play a key role for controlling the reactivity of Cux/O2 active sites in metalloenzymes and synthetic model complexes. However, structural insight into H‐bonding in such transient species as well as thermodynamic information about proton transfer to or from the O2‐derived ligands is scarce. Here we present a detailed study of the reversible interconversion of a μ1,2‐peroxodicopper(II) complex ([1]+) and its μ1,1‐hydroperoxo congener ([2]+) via (de)protonation, including the isolation and structural characterization of several H‐bond donor (HBD) adducts of [1]+ and the determination of binding constants. For one of these adducts a temperature‐dependent μ1,2‐peroxo/μ1,1‐hydroperoxo equilibrium associated with reversible H+‐translocation is observed, its thermodynamics investigated experimentally and computationally, and effects of H‐bonding on spectroscopic parameters of the CuII2(μ1,2‐O2) species are revealed. DFT calculations allowed to fully map and correlate the trajectories of H+‐transfer and μ1,2‐peroxo→μ1,1‐peroxo rearrangement. These findings enhance our understanding of two key intermediates in bioinspired Cu2/O2 chemistry.
A Highly Conjugated Nickel(II)‐Acetylide Framework for Efficient Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Qin Yingying , Wang Yang , Lu Jian , Xu Linli , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: October 2024

The incorporation of transition‐metal single atoms as molecular functional entities into the skeleton of graphdiyne (GDY) to construct novel two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐acetylide frameworks, known as metalated graphynes (MGYs), is a promising strategy for developing efficient catalysts, which can combine the tunable charge transfer of GDY frameworks, the catalytic activity of metal and the precise distribution of single metallic centers. Herein, four highly conjugated MGY photocatalysts based on NiII, PdII, PtII, and HgII were synthesized for the first time using the ‘bottom‐up’ strategy through the use of M−C bonds (−C≡C−M−C≡C−). Remarkably, the NiII‐based graphyne (TEPY‐Ni‐GY) exhibited the highest CO generation rate of 18.3 mmol g−1 h−1 and a selectivity of 98.8 %. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of pyrenyl and −C≡C−Ni(PBu3)2−C≡C– moieties. The pyrenyl block functions as an intramolecular π‐conjugation channel, facilitating kinetically favorable electron transfer, while the −C≡C−Ni(PBu3)2−C≡C− moiety serves as the catalytic site that enhances CO2 adsorption and activation, thereby suppressing competitive hydrogen evolution. This study provides a new perspective on MGY‐based photocatalysts for developing highly active and low‐cost catalysts for CO2 reduction.
Diacetyl Monoxime‐Based N∩N Donor Schiff Base and Its Zn(II) Complexes. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Shahriari Faezeh , Shahraki Somaye , Dehghanian Effat
Published: October 2024

Schiff bases are introduced as versatile pharmacophores for the design and development of various bioactive compounds. Oxime‐based Schiff base ligands form an important and flexible class of ligands that have attracted attention due to their wide applications in various fields. Here, novel 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl‐imino)butan‐2‐one oxime, (HPIO) Schiff base and Zn(II) complexes derived from it, [Zn(bpy)(HPIO)](NO3)2, C1, (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Zn(HPIO)2]Cl2, C2, were synthesized and characterized. Theoretical studies showed that both complexes are reactive and have high pharmacological affinity. Experimental investigations were done to compare some biological properties of the complexes. Antioxidant studies using ·DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay presented the following trend: C1 > C2 > HPIO. Considering the importance of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), the binding process of C1/C2 with catalase was evaluated. Kinetic studies showed that C1/C2 can inhibit the catalytic performance of catalase by mixed‐type inhibition mechanism. The C1 and C2 quenched the catalase fluorescence emission with static quenching mechanism. The binding affinity to catalase was higher for C1 than C2 (Kb = 1.51 and 0.89 × 105 M−1 for C1 and C2, respectively at 305 K). In C1/C2 interaction with catalase, which was an exothermic and spontaneous process, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions played a decisive role and strongly confirmed by molecular docking data. Tracking the structural changes of catalase showed that enzyme undergoes structural changes in the presence of both complexes.
Cascade Synthesis in Water: Michael Addition/Hemiketalization/Retro‐Claisen Fragmentation Catalyzed by CatAnionic Vesicular Nanoreactor from Dithiocarbamate
Authors: Atibioke Ayodele J. , Authai Panassilp , Vilaivan Tirayut , Padungros Panuwat
Published: October 2024

N,N‐didodecylammonium N,N‐didodecyldithiocarbamate (AmDTC‐C12C12) underwent self‐assembly to form a CatAnionic vesicular nanoreactor in water. AmDTC‐C12C12 can be readily prepared by condensation between N,N‐didodecylamine and carbon disulfide. Previously, the cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization/retro‐Claisen fragmentation was reported, but it required petroleum‐based organic solvents as reaction media. Herein, the application of AmDTC‐C12C12 in aqueous cascade synthesis is investigated. Initially, we explored the catalytic activity of AmDTC‐C12C12 (10 mol %) in the synthesis of 4H‐chromene through a double‐cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization. The reaction occurred in water at room temperature using 2‐hydroxy‐trans‐β‐nitrostyrene as Michael acceptor and acetylacetone as Michael donor, yielding 2‐chromanol intermediates. Subsequent acidic dehydration of 2‐chromanols produced 4H‐chromenes with moderate yields (34–60 %) and phenyl acetates of γ‐nitro ketone as co‐products (13–31 %), deriving from retro‐Claisen fragmentation. Surprisingly, using Michael donors with aromatic moieties on the 1,3‐dicarbonyls resulted in spontaneous triple‐cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization/retro‐Claisen fragmentation in water without the need for acidic dehydration. The γ‐nitro ketones were obtained as sole products, with no detection of 4H‐chromenes, in moderate to high yields (24–84 %) for symmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl containing two aromatic groups. Unsymmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl bearing aromatic/aliphatic or aromatic/aromatic groups afforded γ‐nitro ketones in favorable yields (73–97 %).