bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of protonated benzofuran‐ and dihydrobenzofuran‐type neolignans investigated by accurate‐mass electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dias Herbert J. , Baguenard Manon , Crevelin Eduardo J. , Palaretti Vinicius , Gates Paul J. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Crotti Antônio E.M.
Published: October 2018

We have investigated gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of protonated benzofuran neolignans (BNs) and dihydrobenzofuran neolignans (DBNs) by accurate‐mass electrospray ionization tandem and multiple‐stage (MSn) mass spectrometry combined with thermochemical data estimated by Computational Chemistry. Most of the protonated compounds fragment into product ions B ([M + H–MeOH]+), C ([B–MeOH]+), D ([C–CO]+), and E ([D–CO]+) upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID). However, we identified a series of diagnostic ions and associated them with specific structural features. In the case of compounds displaying an acetoxy group at C‐4, product ion C produces diagnostic ions K ([C–C2H2O]+), L ([K–CO]+), and P ([L–CO]+). Formation of product ions H ([D–H2O]+) and M ([H–CO]+) is associated with the hydroxyl group at C‐3 and C‐3′, whereas product ions N ([D–MeOH]+) and O ([N–MeOH]+) indicate a methoxyl group at the same positions. Finally, product ions F ([A–C2H2O]+), Q ([A–C3H6O2]+), I ([A–C6H6O]+), and J ([I–MeOH]+) for DBNs and product ion G ([B–C2H2O]+) for BNs diagnose a saturated bond between C‐7′ and C‐8′. We used these structure‐fragmentation relationships in combination with deuterium exchange experiments, MSn data, and Computational Chemistry to elucidate the gas‐phase fragmentation pathways of these compounds. These results could help to elucidate DBN and BN metabolites in in vivo and in vitro studies on the basis of electrospray ionization ESI‐CID‐MS/MS data only.
Novel antioxidant peptides obtained by alcalase hydrolysis of Erythrina edulis (pajuro) protein
Authors: Intiquilla Arturo , Jiménez‐Aliaga Karim , Guzmán Fanny , Alvarez Claudio A , Zavaleta Amparo I , Izaguirre Víctor , Hernández‐Ledesma Blanca
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Oxidative reactions are responsible for the changes in quality during food processing and storage. Oxidative stress is also involved in multiple chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and aging. The consumption of dietary antioxidants has been demonstrated to help to reduce the oxidative damage in both the human body and food systems. In this study, the potential of Erythrina edulis (pajuro) protein as source of antioxidant peptides was evaluated.

RESULTS

Pajuro protein concentrate hydrolyzed by alcalase for 120 min showed potent ABTS·+ and peroxyl radical scavenging activity with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 1.37 ± 0.09 µmol TE mg−1 peptide and 2.83 ± 0.07 µmol TE mg−1 peptide, respectively. Fractionation of the hydrolyzate to small peptides resulted in increased antioxidant activity. De novo sequencing of most active fractions collected by chromatographic analysis enabled 30 novel peptides to be identified. Of these, ten were synthesized and their radical activity evaluated, demonstrating their relevant contribution to the antioxidant effects observed for pajuro protein hydrolyzate.

CONCLUSIONS

The sequences identified represent an important advance in the molecular characterization of the pajuro protein, demonstrating its potential as a source of antioxidant peptides for food and nutraceutical applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymphatic‐venous anastomosis in a rat model: A novel exercise for microsurgical training
Authors: Leuzzi Sara , Maruccia Michele , Elia Rossella , Annoscia Paolo , Vestita Michelangelo , Nacchiero Eleonora , Giudice Giuseppe
Published: October 2018

Background and Objectives

Lymphedema is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. Lymphaticovenular anastomoses (LVA) and multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomoses (MLVAs) have been recognized as efficient methods to treat chronic lymphedema. Because few models for lymphatics microsurgical training have been described, the aim of this study is to present a new training model for MLVA in a rat.

Methods

Ten norvegicus rats were used for this study. After a longitudinal xifo‐pubic incision, lumbar nodes were injected with blue patent violet (BPV) to identify from two to four lymphatic vessels (LVs). MLVAs were carried out inserting lymphatics into the right lumbar vein.

Results

The mean weight of the rats was 511.4 g. The average diameter of the abdominal LVs used for MLVA was 0.26 mm, and the mean size of the right lumbar vein was 0.84 mm. The average time to perform MLVA was 49.8 minutes. Anastomosis patency rate was 70% based on the passage of BPV from the lymphatics into the vein.

Conclusions

The rat is still a feasible resource to train microsurgeons, and the MLVA model proposed is simple and reliable and could be very useful for microsurgeon training.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of desert bighorn sheep lambs
Authors: Cain James W. , Karsch Rebekah C. , Goldstein Elise J. , Rominger Eric M. , Gould William R.
Published: October 2018

Juvenile recruitment in desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) is highly variable, yet the mechanisms influencing neonate survival are not well understood. Because few studies have equipped desert bighorn sheep lambs with telemetry collars, definitive data on cause‐specific mortality, and lamb survival estimates are lacking. Our objectives were to estimate lamb survival rates and determine cause‐specific mortality for desert bighorn sheep lambs during a period of mountain lion (Puma concolor) and coyote (Canis latrans) removal in southwestern New Mexico, USA. We captured pregnant adult females each fall and fitted them with a telemetry collar and a vaginal implant transmitter to aid with neonate captures. We captured and radio‐collared 12 desert bighorn sheep lambs in 2012 and 14 in 2013 within 48 hours of parturition in the Peloncillo Mountains, New Mexico. We estimated lamb survival to 6 months of age. Across both years there were 14 mortalities, 12 of which were due to predation. Mountain lions killed 5 lambs (2 in 2012 and 3 in 2013), coyotes killed 4 lambs (all in 2013), a gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) killed 1 lamb in 2012, and 2 lambs were killed by unknown predators in 2013. Staged‐based survival estimates indicated the highest mortality rates occurred in the first week post birth; 5 of 14 lamb mortalities occurred before 7 days of age. Lamb survival to 6 months was substantially lower in 2013 (0.20 ± 0.11 [SE]) than in 2012 (0.71 ± 0.14) with the differences in survival attributed to increased coyote predation in 2013. We did not detect differences in body mass at birth between years or differences in body mass, chest girth, or neck circumference at birth between lambs that were killed by predators and those that survived. Coyotes, mountain lions, and the gray fox killed lambs <8 weeks of age, but only mountain lions killed lambs >8 weeks old. Predator removals focused around the parturition period of desert bighorn sheep may be more likely to influence lamb survival rates than removals outside of the lambing season. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
A study of kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption onto the Yellow River bottom sediment
Authors: Kang X. , Chen Z.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the adsorption process and kinetics of methylene blue onto the Yellow River bottom sediment was investigated. It was found that the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth and Redlich‐Peterson model, with the Langmuir model showing the best fitting result compared to others. The adsorption process attained equilibrium within 60 min, and the adsorption capacity of Yellow River sediment increased with the increase in adsorbent concentration, temperature, and NaNO3 concentration. The adsorption capacity of the Yellow River sediment increases as the adsorbent pH decreases to a certain value and further decreasing the pH value can lead to decreasing adsorption capacity. Moreover, the presence of humic acid in natural concentration range had a minor influence on the adsorption quantity of the Yellow River sediment. Therefore, the Yellow River sediment, an easily available material, can be used for methylene blue removal in wastewater treatment processes.
A study on annealing‐induced softening in cold drawn Cu−Cr−Sn alloy
Authors: Luo Z. , Luo F. , Xie W. , Chen H. , Wang H. , Yang B.
Published: October 2018

The softening behavior of a 60 % cold‐drawn Cu‐0.48Cr‐0.16Sn alloy during annealing at temperatures between 450 °C and 750 °C was investigated. The mechanical properties and microstructures evolution of the alloy in both as‐drawn and annealed conditions were analyzed using hardness measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back‐scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results showed that the softening behavior of the alloy was strongly affected by precipitate coarsening, recovery and recrystallization, and was predominant by recrystallization when the temperature higher than 500 °C. The recrystallization kinetics was characterized by measurements of hardness. The obtained experimental data were evaluated in terms of the Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami‐Kolmogorov model. The values of the Avrami exponent were ranged from 0.87 to 1.36, and the activation energy of recrystallization was about 117.9 kJ mol‐1 for 60 % cold‐drawn Cu−0.48Cr−0.16Sn alloy, which suggested that recrystallization process of the Cu−Cr−Sn alloy was mainly controlled by grain boundary migration. The softening resistance of the Cu−Cr−Sn alloy is stronger than that of the pure copper due to the addition of Chromium (Cr) and Tin (Sn). In addition, the reduction in strain had a positive effect on the improvement of softening resistance.
Tumor suppressive activity of PIWI‐interacting RNA in human fibrosarcoma mediated through repression of RRM2
Authors: Das Basudeb , Roy Jyoti , Jain Neha , Mallick Bibekanand
Published: October 2018

P‐element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a promising class of small regulatory RNAs, earlier believed to control transposable elements (TEs) activity in germlines are now reported in somatic and cancer cells. The aberrant expression of piRNAs has been documented in various cancers wherein they modulate tumorigenesis either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by curbing target gene expression. However, there is no report yet on the association of piRNAs in fibrosarcoma, an early metastatic lethal tumor. For the first time, we reported a piRNA, piR‐39980 in fibrosarcoma and investigated its potential role in malignancy by employing several methods such as qRT‐PCR, MTT assay, transwell invasion and migration assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, Annexin V‐PE apoptosis assay, AO/EB dual staining assay, and chromatin condensation assay. We observed that piR‐39980 significantly attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony forming ability as well as induced apoptotic cell death of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells when transiently overexpressed with its piRNA mimics. The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that piR‐39980 promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in fibrosarcoma by repressing RRM2 through direct targeting at its 3′UTR through extensive sequence complementary binding, unlike microRNA targeting. In summary, this study revealed that piR‐39980 has a strong anti‐tumor effect and hence could be a promising RNA‐based therapeutic agent for the malignancy of fibrosarcoma.
Licoflavonol Reduces Aβ Secretion by Increasing BACE1 Phosphorylation to Facilitate BACE1 Degradation
Authors: Gu Ming‐Yao , Chun Yoon Sun , Yong Ryu Shi , Yang Hyun Ok
Published: October 2018

Scope

In the previous study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch extract (GUE) inhibited Aβ secretion by inhibiting β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) transcription, and the active compounds semilicoisoflavone B (SB) and licoflavonol (LF) inhibited Aβ secretion. SB corresponds to the same mechanism as GUE, but LF has a different mechanism. In this study, the mechanism underlying inhibition of Aβ by LF is investigated.

Methods and results

The effects of LF on Aβ, sAPPα, and sAPPβ secretion are evaluated by ELISA, and the effect of LF on BACE1 expression is detected by western blotting. It is found that the effect of LF on Aβ secretion is due to promotion of BACE1 protein degradation, and that the effect of LF on Aβ and BACE1 expression is attenuated after cotreatment with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine. In a subsequent mechanistic study, it is found that LF increases BACE1 phosphorylation to increase its interactions with ADP ribosylation factor‐binding proteins 1 and 3 (GGA1 and GGA3, respectively) and eventually facilitate BACE1 delivery to lysosomes for degradation.

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate that the BACE1 phosphorylation inducer LF can modulate BACE1 trafficking and lead to facilitating degradation of BACE1, eventually decreasing Aβ secretion.
Dietary Daidzein Supplementation During Pregnancy Facilitates Fetal Growth in Rats
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Xie Hongmei , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Huang Zhiqing , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , He Jun
Published: October 2018

Scope

Daidzein, a natural isoflavone with estrogen‐like activity, has been implicated in the regulation of reproductive performance in mammals. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, the effects and potential mechanisms of daidzein supplementation on fetal growth in rats have been explored.

Methods and results

Thirty‐six pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats are assigned to receive either an AIN‐93M diet or an AIN‐93M diet supplemented with 50 mg kg–1 daidzein. Blood, placental, and fetus samples were collected on day 15 of gestation. It is shown that daidzein significantly improves the rat reproductive performance, which is associated with a higher fetus number, and the weight of the fetus and placenta (p < 0.05). Daidzein also increases the maternal serum estrogen and leptin concentrations, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05). Notably, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)‐based proteomics analysis identifies 43 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the placenta upon daidzein supplementation (p < 0.05). Interestingly, critical proteins involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, embryonic development, ubiquitination processes, and immune responses are upregulated in the daidzein group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results not only indicate a beneficial effect of daidzein supplementation on reproductive performance but also offer potential mechanisms behind daidzein‐facilitated fetal growth in rats.
A novel single L‐shaped open slot antenna for octa‐band metal‐framed smartphones
Authors: Chen Chu‐Hui , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhang Li , Weng Zi‐Bin , Shen Dong‐Lin
Published: October 2018

A novel single L‐shaped open‐end slot antenna for octa‐band metallic frame smartphones is presented. The antenna mainly comprises an L‐shaped open slot and a simple LC circuit. The slot is placed at the top of the ground plane which is excited by the 50‐Ω feedline with a band‐stop match circuit. According to the proposed feeding arrangement, the antenna can cover all dual‐wideband LTE/WWAN operations at 698‐960 MHz and 1710‐2690 MHz. A prototype antenna is manufactured and tested. Experimental results such as return loss, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiencies are also presented.
High quality imaging from sparsely sampled computed tomography data with deep learning and wavelet transform in various domains
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Choi Sunghoon , Kim Hee‐Joung
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Sparsely sampled computed tomography (CT) has been attracting attention as a technique that can reduce the high radiation dose of conventional CT. In general, iterative reconstruction techniques have been applied to sparsely sampled CT to realize high quality images. These methodologies require high computing power due to the modeling of the system and the trajectory of radiation rays. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain high quality three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructed images with deep learning under sparse sampling conditions.

Methods

We used a deep learning model based on a fully convolutional network and a wavelet transform to predict high quality images. To reduce the spatial resolution loss of predicted images, we replaced the pooling layer with a wavelet transform. Three different domains were evaluated — the sinogram domain, the image domain, and the hybrid domain — to optimize a reconstruction technique based on deep learning. To train and develop a deep learning model, The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) dataset was used.

Results

Streak artifacts, which generally occur under sparse sampling conditions, were effectively removed from deep learning‐based sparsely sampled reconstructed images. However, image characteristics of fine structures varied depending on the application of deep learning technologies. The use of deep learning techniques in the sinogram domain removed streak artifacts well, but some image noise remained. Likewise, when applying deep learning technology to the image domain, a blurring effect occurred. The proposed hybrid domain sparsely sampled reconstruction based on deep learning was able to restore images to a quality similar to fully sampled images. The structural similarity (SSIM) index values of sparsely sampled CT reconstruction based on deep learning technology were 0.85 or higher. Among the three domains studied, the hybrid domain techniques achieved the highest SSIM index values (0.9 or more).

Conclusion

We proposed a method of sparsely sampled CT reconstruction from a new perspective — unlike iterative reconstruction. In addition, we developed an optimal deep learning‐based sparse sampling reconstruction technique by evaluating image quality with deep learning technologies.
Mapping of regional lung microstructural parameters using hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved‐phase MRI in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kern Agilo L. , Gutberlet Marcel , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Klimeš Filip , Rotärmel Alexander , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Vogel‐Claussen Jens
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To develop a novel technique for voxel‐based mapping of lung microstructural parameters using hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved‐phase MR imaging during saturation recovery.

Methods

A pulse sequence using a highly undersampled stack‐of‐stars trajectory was developed, and low‐rank plus sparse matrix decomposition was employed for reconstruction of regional 129Xe uptake dynamics into lung tissue. In 4 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the technique was tested and compared to chemical shift saturation recovery spectroscopy in patients. Reproducibility of 129Xe gas uptake imaging was assessed by computing coefficients of variation, and results were compared with other modalities.

Results

Numerical simulations and results from in vivo measurements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed that septal wall thickness and surface‐to‐volume ratio can be measured with an accuracy close to spectroscopic measurements. The average of the microstructural parameters of the total lung volume showed good reproducibility (coefficient of variation wall thickness: 7.4% coefficient of variation surface‐to‐volume ratio: 7.5%) and correlated strongly with the findings of global chemical shift saturation recovery spectroscopy. Gravitational gradients of microstructural parameters and increased heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were observed.

Conclusion

A novel technique for mapping of regional lung microstructural parameters was introduced, and its feasibility was shown in healthy volunteers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Feasibility and safety of delivering full‐dose anticoagulation therapy in children treated according to Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia consortium therapy protocols
Authors: Bhatt Mihir D. , Parmar Neha , Fowler Jo‐Ann , Chan Anthony K. C. , Athale Uma H.
Published: October 2018

Background

The literature is void of an evidence‐based anticoagulation therapy (ACT) management strategy in the context of thrombocytopenia. We examined the impact of thrombocytopenia on low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) dosing and incidence of bleeding in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) who developed thromboembolism (TE) during therapy according to DFCI ALL protocols.

Procedure

Patient records from our tertiary care center were reviewed for demographics, details of diagnoses and therapy of ALL/LL and TE diagnoses, platelet counts during ACT, LMWH dosing, and bleeding episodes.

Results

Thirty‐nine TEs were diagnosed in 33 patients [mean age 9 years (range, 2.5–18); 16 males and 31 with ALL] during the study period. A majority (85%) of patients were diagnosed with TE in the consolidation phase with mean time to TE 5.75 months from ALL/LL diagnosis. All patients received LMWH, and the median duration of ACT was 5.9 months (range, 1–11 months). Platelets were measured weekly. On 29 occasions, platelet nadir was <50 × 109/L, and twice it was < 20 × 109/L. One (3%) patient had major bleeding episode while on ACT. Platelet count at the time of bleeding was 222 × 109/L. Ninety‐two procedures [83 lumbar punctures (LPs), 9 central venous line (CVL) insertion/revision] were completed without bleeding complications. Asparaginase was held temporarily with TE diagnosis in 48% of patients; most (88%) patients completed all scheduled doses as per protocol.

Conclusions

Ability to administer full‐dose LMWH, expected bleeding rate, and completion of asparaginase doses while on ACT suggest full‐dose ACT is feasible and safe in children with ALL/LL who develop TE during DFCI ALL consortium therapy protocols.
How I approach managing student athletes at risk for bleeding
Authors: Witmer Char M.
Published: October 2018

Frequently, pediatric hematologists need to provide guidance regarding sports participation for children with congenital coagulopathies, immune thrombocytopenia, and those receiving anticoagulation. Although sports participation has clear health and psychosocial benefits, it can be associated with harm secondary to bleeding from injury. Decision‐making for sports involvement should be individualized, patient centered, and well informed. This review focuses on the current data regarding the benefit as well as risks for sports participation and provides a framework for advising and supporting the student athlete who is at risk for bleeding.
Virtual reality as complementary pain therapy in hospitalized patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Agrawal Anurag K. , Robertson Simon , Litwin Liat , Tringale Erica , Treadwell Marsha , Hoppe Carolyn , Marsh Anne
Published: October 2018

Objective

Due to incomplete management of vaso‐occlusive pain episodes (VOE) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), we sought to determine if immersive VR would be feasible for inpatients. Secondarily, we hypothesized that a single VR session would improve the VOE pain experience.

Procedures

Consecutive patients with SCD eight years and older admitted for VOE were offered one 15‐minute VR session, utilizing a relaxing underwater world specifically created for pediatric patients and to minimize potential simulator side effects. Safety and acceptability were evaluated with a brief survey before and after the session. Pain was evaluated utilizing the validated adolescent pediatric pain tool (APPT). Survey data and pain scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test as the data were nonnormally distributed.

Results

Thirty patients, 21 female, with a median age of 16 years were enrolled, the majority having hemoglobin SS disease. The VR session had no reported side effects; all patients requested VR again in the future. Median pain intensity (pre‐VR 7.3 [interquartile range, IQR, 6.1, 8.8], post‐VR 5.8 [4.7, 7.9]), number of affected body areas (pre‐VR 3.0 [2.0, 7.8], post‐VR 2.0 [0, 4.8]), and qualitative measures including sensory, affective, evaluative, and temporal pain domains were all statistically reduced (i.e., P ≤0.01).

Conclusions

VR therapy was feasible in a cohort of patients with SCD admitted for VOE. In addition to standard therapies, VR may help reduce the pain experience with SCD VOE. Further study is required to determine the impact of VR therapy on opioid usage and length of stay in hospital.
Acquired right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome; a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Eschbach Sanne J. , ten Harkel Arend D.J. , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Klumper Frans J.C.M. , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico , Haak Monique C.
Published: October 2018

Objective

The pathophysiology of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) recipients is incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the development and spectrum of RVOTO in TTTS recipients.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between 2015 and 2017. Echocardiographic assessment was performed in recipients from TTTS diagnosis until the neonatal period.

Results

Prenatal RVOTO, defined as abnormal flow velocity waveforms across the pulmonary valve (PV), was diagnosed in 12.9% (16/124) of recipients at TTTS diagnosis. Postnatal RVOTO was found in 6.7% (7/105) of surviving recipients. All recipients with severe postnatal RVOTO showed prenatal RVOTO at TTTS diagnosis. In 5.6% (6/108) of cases, prenatal RVOTO appeared only after laser therapy, and in 1.9% (2/108), this progressed to mild postnatal pulmonary stenosis. Elevated peak systolic PV velocities were more frequently associated with postnatal RVOTO compared with prenatal finding of functional pulmonary atresia. Postnatal RVOTO was associated with early manifestation of TTTS but was equally found in all Quintero stages.

Conclusion

In the spectrum of postnatal RVOTO, severe cases show prenatal RVOTO at TTTS diagnosis. However, RVOTO can develop after laser or even in the neonatal period and in all Quintero stages. A potential risk factor for postnatal RVOTO is early TTTS manifestation.
Effect of Lepidium meyenii on in vitro fertilization via improvement in acrosome reaction and motility of mouse and human sperm
Authors: Aoki Yusuke , Tsujimura Akira , Nagashima Yuki , Hiramatsu Ippei , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Ogishima Tatsuya , Shirai Masato , Shoyama Yukihiro , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Horie Shigeo
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The direct effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on sperm remain unclear. Herein, we examined the direct effect of Maca on in vitro fertilization.

Methods

We examined the fertilization rate in a mouse model and the rate of acrosome reaction in sperm from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in a Maca extract‐containing human tubal fluid (HTF) medium. Using human sperm, we assessed acrosome status via fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC‐PNA) staining and performed detailed analysis using a sperm motility analysis system (SMAS).

Results

In the mouse model, the fertilization rate in the Maca extract‐containing HTF was significantly higher than that in the control medium. The acrosome reaction rate in sperm from transgenic mice expressing EGFP was also significantly higher in the Maca extract‐containing HTF than that in the control medium. Similarly, a high acrosome reaction rate, identified via FITC‐PNA staining of human sperm samples, was found in the Maca extract‐containing HTF compared with that in the control medium. Human sperm motility in the Maca extract‐containing HTF was also increased compared with that in the control medium as measured using an SMAS.

Conclusions

Maca improved in vitro fertilization rates by inducing an acrosome reaction and increasing sperm motility.
Stability analysis of a class of uncertain switched time‐delay systems with sliding modes
Authors: Kani Mohammad Hasan H. , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Markazi Amir H.D.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents sufficient conditions to ensure the exponential stability of uncertain switched time‐delay systems with time‐delayed state‐dependent switching conditions, which can model high speed supercavitation vehicles (HSSVs). Based on the intrinsic properties of HSSVs, cavity can be represented by a relation between the states and time‐delayed states of the system. Moreover, a sliding behavior can be occurred at the cavity boundary in HSSVs. Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is to develop a set of LMI stability conditions in the presence of time‐delayed states in the linear state‐dependent switching signal and absorbing sliding modes in the state space, simultaneously. In addition, because of the possible existing uncertainties in HSSVs, another set of LMI‐based sufficient conditions is derived in order to analyze the stability of switched time‐delay systems with additive norm bounded uncertainties. The application of the proposed theorems are also validated through numerical examples. Finally, the stability of a two‐degrees‐of‐freedom longitudinal description of an HSSV is shown using the proposed stability theorems.
Corncob‐to‐xylose residue (CCXR) derived porous biochar as an excellent adsorbent to remove organic dyes from wastewater
Authors: Yu Yanling , Wan Yuan , Shang Hongru , Wang Bin , Zhang Peng , Feng Yujie
Published: October 2018

Biochar was prepared from corncob‐to‐xylose residue (CCXR) by KOH activation and anaerobic pyrolysis method. The effect of activation temperature on the microstructure of the biochar was studied. Results showed that the biochar prepared at 850°C (850NBC) possessed high specific surface area and exhibited excellent adsorption property. The maximum adsorption capacity of 2249 mg g−1 was obtained when 850NBC was used for treating methylene blue (MB) solution. Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich models were applicable to 850NBC adsorption process, and the adsorption process was limited by adsorption site and the biochar surface functional groups. Furthermore, 850NBC showed good adsorption property when it was used to treat the other organic dyes of Congo red (751 mg g−1), Orange II (735 mg g−1), Indigo carmine (662 mg g−1) and Methyl Orange (465 mg g−1). Biochar 850NBC also possessed an acceptable recyclability which maintained 68.7% absorption capacity after 6 cycles when it was used to treat MB solution. These results proposed that 850NBC is expected to be a promising potential adsorbent for treating organic dyes waste water.
Nonanebis (peroxoic acid)‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach for N‐Oxide Synthesis
Authors: Gayakwad Eknath M. , Patel Khushbu P. , Shankarling Ganapati S.
Published: October 2018

An efficient, metal catalyst free approach for the synthesis of N‐oxide is described. Nonanebis (peroxoic acid) is used as a source of oxygen, it is non shock sensitive, stable and easy to handle at room temperature. This protocol is applicable for various aromatic as well as aliphatic tertiary amines in good to excellent yields. Less reaction time, optimum temperature, easy workup procedure and metal catalyst free approach is the beauty of the present protocol.
Application of TiO2Nanotubes as a Drug Delivery System for Biomedical Implants: A Critical Overview
Authors: Kunrath Marcel F. , Hubler Roberto , Shinkai Rosemary S. A. , Teixeira. Eduardo R.
Published: October 2018

TiO2nanotubes (TNTs) surfaces have been applied as a coating to metallic biomedical implants, presenting promising results in preliminary analyses in terms of integration to living tissues when considering cell adhesion and proliferation, physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. They also present the potential to incorporate drugs and regulate their release to the surrounding tissues. Considering this particular potential, a critical review of the latest studies that considered the possible incorporation of specific drugs like antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories and/or proteins and cytokines capable of positively influence the healing process at the implant‐tissue interface has been considered relevant. Also, a summary about TNTs physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility studies is presented. Advanced methods for regulating this drug‐release mechanism and its specific chemical immobilization in anin vivoenvironment are discussed, along with TNTs future clinical perspectives.
Activity of M2(BDC)2(DABCO) (M= Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) Metal‐Organic Frameworks Prepared via Ball‐Milling Solvent‐Free Method in Acylation of Alcohols, Amines and Aldehydes
Authors: Mahdian Sakineh , Naimi‐Jamal M. Reza , Panahi Leila
Published: October 2018

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) M2(BDC)2(DABCO), (M=Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, BDC= 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, and DABCO= 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) have been prepared via a simple and effective strategy by the ball‐milling method, with no use of a solvent at room temperature. This method provides a facile, green, solvent‐free and low‐cost strategy for the preparation of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn based M2(BDC)2(DABCO) nanoporous particles (NPs) with square lattice structures. The structure and morphology of the MOFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity of the prepared MOFs was investigated in the acylation reaction of alcohols, amines and aldehydes with acetic anhydride in solvent‐free method. The Lewis acid activity of the as‐synthesized MOFs was drastically enhanced by microwave irradiation.
High‐Mobility Hydrophobic Conjugated Polymer as Effective Interlayer for Air‐Stable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Xin , Xue Ding‐Jiang , Gao Dong , Han Qiwei , Ge Qian‐Qing , Ma Jing‐Yuan , Ding Jie , Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Bao , Feng Yaqing , Yu Gui , Hu Jin‐Song
Published: October 2018

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) solar cells have achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.7%, which commonly use doped spiro‐OMeTAD as hole transport materials (HTMs). However, the additives in spiro‐OMeTAD can absorb moisture and cause the degradation of HOIP layers, leading to severe air‐instability of devices. Herein, conjugated polymers of PD‐10‐DTTE‐7 as a new effective interlayer between perovskite and doped spiro‐OMeTAD to achieve air‐stable efficient perovskite solar cells are reported. Its hydrophobic nature can effectively prevent the penetration of moisture and additives. Its superb hole mobility (9.54 cm2 V−1 s−1, ≈105 times higher than spiro‐OMeTAD) and suitable highest occupied molecular orbital level (−5.33 eV) are preferable to the hole injection and transport at the interface thus enhancing the device PCE. As a result, the MAPbI3 solar cells with the PD‐10‐DTTE‐7 interlayer achieve remarkable device air‐stability and enhanced PCE, compared with the devices without the interlayer. These results provide a feasible approach to enhance solar cell stability and performance simultaneously.
Neurosteroid allopregnanolone inhibits glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals
Authors: Chang Yi , Hsieh Hsi Lung , Huang Shu Kuei , Wang Su Jane
Published: October 2018

Allopregnanolone, an active metabolite of progesterone, has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective activity in several preclinical models. Considering that the excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate is implicated in many brain disorders, the effect of allopregnanolone on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals and possible underlying mechanism were investigated. We observed that allopregnanolone inhibited 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)‐evoked glutamate release, and this inhibition was prevented by chelating the extracellular Ca2+ ions and the vesicular transporter inhibitor. Allopregnanolone reduced the elevation of 4‐AP‐evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels, but did not affect the synaptosomal membrane potential. In the presence of N‐, P/Q‐, and R‐type channel blockers, allopregnanolone‐mediated inhibition of 4‐AP‐evoked glutamate release was markedly reduced; however, the intracellular Ca2+‐release inhibitors did not affect the allopregnanolone effect. Furthermore, allopregnanolone‐mediated inhibition of 4‐AP‐evoked glutamate release was completely abolished in the synaptosomes pretreated with inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin, adenylate cyclase, and protein kinase A (PKA), namely calmidazolium, MDL12330A, and H89, respectively. Additionally, the allopregnanolone effect on evoked glutamate release was antagonized by the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531. Our data are the first to suggest that allopregnanolone reduce the Ca2+ influx through N‐, P/Q‐, and R‐type Ca2+ channels, through the activation of GABAA receptors present on cerebrocortical nerve terminals, subsequently suppressing the Ca2+‐calmodulin/PKA cascade and decreasing 4‐AP‐evoked glutamate release.
Membraneless nuclear organelles and the search for phases within phases
Authors: Sawyer Iain A. , Sturgill David , Dundr Miroslav
Published: October 2018

Cells are segregated into two distinct compartment groups to optimize cellular function. The first is characterized by lipid membranes that encapsulate specific regions and regulate macromolecular flux. The second, known collectively as membraneless organelles (MLOs), lacks defining lipid membranes and exhibits self‐organizing properties. MLOs are enriched with specific RNAs and proteins that catalyze essential cellular processes. A prominent sub‐class of MLOs are known as nuclear bodies, which includes nucleoli, paraspeckles, and other droplets. These microenvironments contain specific RNAs, exhibit archetypal liquid–liquid phase separation characteristics, and harbor intrinsically disordered, multivalent hub proteins. We present an analysis of nuclear body protein disorder that suggests MLO proteomes are significantly more disordered than structured cellular features. We also outline common MLO ultrastructural features, exemplified by the three sub‐compartments present inside the nucleolus. A core‐shell configuration, or phase within a phase, is displayed by several nuclear bodies and may be functionally important. Finally, we summarize evidence indicating extensive RNA and protein sharing between distinct nuclear bodies, suggesting functional cooperation and similar nucleation principles. Considering the substantial accumulation of specific coding and noncoding RNA classes inside MLOs, evidence that RNA buffers specific phase transition events, and the absence of a clear correlation between total intrinsic protein disorder and MLO accumulation, we conclude that RNA biogenesis may play a key role in MLO formation, internal organization, and function.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Hard photons in hadroproduction of top quarks with realistic final states
Authors: Bevilacqua G. , Hartanto H. B. , Kraus M. , Weber T. , Worek M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We present a complete description of top quark pair production in association with a hard photon in the dilepton channel. Our calculation is accurate to NLO in QCD. It is based on matrix elements for

$$ {e}^{+}{\nu}_e{\mu}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mu }b\overline{b}\upgamma $$

e
+

ν
e

μ
−

ν
¯

μ

b

b
¯

γ

production and includes all resonant and non-resonant diagrams, interferences, and off-shell effects of the top quarks and the W gauge bosons. This calculation constitutes the first full computation for top quark pair production with a final state photon in hadronic collisions at NLO in QCD. Numerical results for total and differential cross sections are presented for the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of

$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$

s

=
13

TeV. For a few observables relevant for new physics searches, beyond some kinematic bounds, we observe shape distortions of more than 100%. In addition, we confirm that the size of the top quark off-shell effects for the total cross section is consistent with the expected uncertainties of the narrow width approximation. Results presented here are not only relevant for beyond the Standard Model physics searches but also important for precise measurements of the top-quark fiducial cross sections and top-quark properties at the LHC.
Curious patterns of IR symmetry enhancement
Authors: Razamat Shlomo S. , Sela Orr , Zafrir Gabi
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study several cases of IR enhancements of global symmetry in four dimensions. In particular, we consider a sequence of Spin(n + 4) supersymmetric gauge theories (8 ≥ n ≥ 1) with n vectors and spinor matter with 32 components. We show that the subgroup of the flavor symmetry of these theories rotating the matter in the spinor representations in the UV, when proper gauge singlet fields are added, enhances to the commutant of SU(2) in E
9−n
. We discuss several other interesting cases of enhanced symmetries and the interplay between symmetry enhancement and self-duality. We also make some observations about possible interconnections between chiral ring relations and symmetry enhancement. Finally, we conjecture relations of the discussed models to compactifications of certain conformal matter models in six dimensions on tori. The conjecture is based on deriving a relation between five dimensional models with Spin gauge groups and conformal theories in six dimensions. As a by product of our considerations we discover a new instance of a simple self-duality of a theory with an SU(6) gauge group.
Strings on warped AdS3 via $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{J}} $$ deformations
Authors: Apolo Luis , Song Wei
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study a toy model of the Kerr/CFT correspondence using string theory on AdS3×S3. We propose a single trace irrelevant deformation of the dual CFT generated by a vertex operator with spacetime dimensions (2,1). This operator shares the same quantum numbers as the integrable$$ T\overline{J} $$TJ¯deformation of two-dimensional CFTs where$$ \overline{J} $$J¯is a chiral U(1) current. We show that the deformation is marginal on the worldsheet and that the target spacetime is deformed to null warped AdS3upon dimensional reduction. We also calculate the spectrum of the deformed theory on the cylinder and compare it to the field theory analysis of$$ T\overline{J} $$TJ¯-deformed CFTs.
Towards an entanglement measure for mixed states in CFTs based on relative entropy
Authors: Takayanagi Tadashi , Ugajin Tomonori , Umemoto Koji
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Relative entropy of entanglement (REE) is an entanglement measure of bipartite mixed states, defined by the minimum of the relative entropy S(ρ

AB
||σ

AB
) between a given mixed state ρ

AB
and an arbitrary separable state σ

AB
. The REE is always bounded by the mutual information I

AB
= S(ρ

AB
||ρ

A
⊗ ρ

B
) because the latter measures not only quantum entanglement but also classical correlations. In this paper we address the question of to what extent REE can be small compared to the mutual information in conformal field theories (CFTs). For this purpose, we perturbatively compute the relative entropy between the vacuum reduced density matrix ρ

AB

0
on disjoint subsystems A ∪ B and arbitrarily separable state σ

AB
in the limit where two subsystems A and B are well separated, then minimize the relative entropy with respect to the separable states. We argue that the result highly depends on the spectrum of CFT on the subsystems. When we have a few low energy spectrum of operators as in the case where the subsystems consist of finite number of spins in spin chain models, the REE is considerably smaller than the mutual information. However in general our perturbative scheme breaks down, and the REE can be as large as the mutual information.
Improvements in the carbonisation of viscose fibres
Authors: Scholz Roland , Herbig Friedrich , Beck Daniela , Spörl Johanna , Hermanutz Frank , Unterweger Christoph , Piana Francesco
Published: October 2018

The maximum theoretical carbon yield for the carbonisation of viscose fibres, which consist of the renewable resource cellulose, is 44%. In reality the carbon yield is just in the range of 20%. By chemical activation of viscose fibres, carbon yields of more than 30% were achieved along with a reduction of undesired tar formation by 75%. A further increase in carbon yield was realised by supplemental incorporation of carbon black into the cellulose matrix of the viscose fibres. The chemical activation did not change the state of chemical bonding of the carbon atoms and the supramolecular structure within the carbonised fibres. Also the fibre morphology remained unchanged in terms of shape of cross section and surface structure. However, activated viscose fibres delivered carbon fibres with a much higher specific surface area. Carbon fibres from activated viscose fibres provide a similar or even improved application potential as carbon fibres from standard viscose fibres.
Digitally monitoring boiler water optimises resources and reliability
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: October 2018

Industries use a significant amount of water and energy in day-to-day processes, and monitoring boiler water systems can be the key to cutting costs and optimising resources. SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions has introduced TrueSense Analyze to digitally monitor and analyse boiler water chemistry, which can reduce water and energy usage, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Evonik develops membrane for processing natural gas efficiently
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: October 2018

Speciality chemicals firm Evonik Industries AG has developed a membrane for processing natural gas efficiently. The company describes SEPURAN® NG as an especially selective and robust hollow-fibre membrane, which is based on a high-performance polymer that can withstand extreme pressure and temperatures.
Suppression of marine ice sheet instability
Authors: Pegler Samuel S.
Published: October 2018

A long-standing open question in glaciology concerns the propensity for ice sheets that lie predominantly submerged in the ocean (marine ice sheets) to destabilise under buoyancy. This paper addresses the processes by which a buoyancy-driven mechanism for the retreat and ultimate collapse of such ice sheets – the marine ice sheet instability – is suppressed by lateral stresses acting on its floating component (the ice shelf). The key results are to demonstrate the transition between a mode of stable (easily reversible) retreat along a stable steady-state branch created by ice-shelf buttressing to tipped (almost irreversible) retreat across a critical parametric threshold. The conditions for triggering tipped retreat can be controlled by the calving position and other properties of the ice-shelf profile and can be largely independent of basal stress, in contrast to principles established from studies of unbuttressed grounding-line dynamics. The stability and recovery conditions introduced by lateral stresses are analysed by developing a method of constructing grounding-line stability (bifurcation) diagrams, which provide a rapid assessment of the steady-state positions, their natures and the conditions for secondary grounding, giving clear visualisations of global stabilisation conditions. A further result is to reveal the possibility of a third structural component of a marine ice sheet that lies intermediate to the fully grounded and floating components. The region forms an extended grounding area in which the ice sheet lies very close to flotation, and there is no clearly distinguished grounding line. The formation of this region generates an upsurge in buttressing that provides the most feasible mechanism for reversal of a tipped grounding line. The results of this paper provide conceptual insight into the phenomena controlling the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the collapse of which has the potential to dominate future contributions to global sea-level rise.