bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN “ HANGING RATIO” TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN JARING INSANG DASAR (BOTTOM GILL NET) DI PERAIRAN KUALA PENET LABUHAN MARINGGAI LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Puspitaningrum Citra , Utami Endang Sri , Febriyanti Titin Liana
Published: August 2022

Pada sektor perikanan, Labuhan Maringgai merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil rajungan di Indoneisa. Alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap rajungan adalah jaring insang dasar atau bottom gillnet. Hanging ratio yang berbeda pada pengoperasian alat tangkap bottom gillnet dianggap berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan respon hasil tangkapan rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) pada penggunaan hanging ratio yang berbeda-beda di perairan Kuala Penet Labuhan Maringgai dan mengetahui hanging ratio yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan hasil tangkapan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil tangkapan bottom gillnet (kg/setting), ukuran mata jaring sebesar 3,5 inchi dengan hanging ratio yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 0,47; 0,49; 0,54; 0,57; 0,61; 0,63 (6 hanging ratio) dengan 4 kali setting. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil dari analisis uji Anova terdapat perbedaan respon hasil tangkapan yang signifikan pada penggunaan keenam hanging ratio. Hanging ratio yang dapat mengoptimalkan hasil tangkapan adalah 0,49, dengan hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh sebesar 38,1 kg.
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM BERBEDA TERHADAP PENYERAPAN NITROGEN RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA TERINTEGRASI
Authors: Perdana Dimas Putra , Junaidi Muhammad , Scabra Andre Rachmat
Published: August 2022

Budidaya laut yang semakin pesat menyebabkan permasalahan limbah budidaya yang sulit dihadapi. Budidaya rumput laut dengan sistem IMTA yang memanfaatkan limbah budidaya ikan dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rumput laut menjadi lebih baik. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang banyak dibudidayakan adalah jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii. Penyerapan unsur hara oleh rumput laut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu jarak tanam penanaman. Pengaturan jarak tanam dalam budidaya rumput laut diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan produksi rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisa jarak tanam dan posisi budidaya yang optimal untuk mengetahui penyerapan nitrogen dan pertumbuhan pada rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 Perlakuan dan masing – masing perlakuan dilakukan 4 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 16 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu jarak tanam 20 cm, jarak tanam 30 cm, jarak tanam 40 cm, dan jarak tanam 50 cm yang ditempatkan mengelilingi KJA berdasarkan arah mata angin yaitu utara, timur, selatan dan barat. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu nilai penyerapan nitrogen paling tinggi terdapat pada jarak tanam 30 cm dengan nilai rata – rata 2,88 μmol/g/day dan posisi selatan dengan nilai rata – rata 2,35 μmol/g/day. Nilai pertumbuhan bobot mutlak tertinggi terdapat pada jarak tanam 30 cm dengan nilai rata – rata 135,1925 g dan posisi selatan dengan nilai rata – rata 112, 527 g. Nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi terdapat pada jarak tanam 30 cm dengan nilai rata – rata 3,005 % dan posisi selatan dengan nilai rata – rata 2,5 %. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu jarak tanam dan posisi budidaya yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penyerapan nitrogen, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii.

Kata kunci: rumput laut, jarak tanam, posisi, nitrogen
PROPORSI KELAMIN JANTAN IKAN GUPPY (Poecilia reticulate) DENGAN PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK BATANG PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia)
Authors: Naisya Zaura , Dewantoro Eko , Lestari Tuti Puji
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ekstrak pasak bumi terhadap proporsi jantanisasi ikan guppy dan menentukan kosentrasi ekstrak batang pasak bumi yang terbaik untuk menghasilkan ikan guppy jantan. Metode dilakukan menggunakan larva ikan guppy yang baru menetas berumur 5 hari. Pembuatan ekstrak pasak bumi dengan methode maserasi, pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan merendam 500 gram serbuk ke dalam etanol (96%) sebanyak 3.2 liter diaduk dengan stirer selama 3 jam kemudian didiamkan selama 24 jam. Filtrat diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator dengan suhu 60°C sampai diperoleh ekstrak kental. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan kurang lebih sebanyak 1 kali. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan. Perendaman pasak bumi diberikan selama 24 jam dengan dosis berbeda, pemeliharaan setelah perendaman selama ±60 hari. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ikan guppy jantan perlakuan berkisar antara 73,02%-96.80%, persentase ikan guppy betina berkisar antara 9,58%-24,84%, dan persentase ikan guppy interseks berkisar antara 0,00%-4,41%. Kosentrasi terbaik ekstrak batang pasak bumi adalah 80 mg/L dengan nilai tertinggi 96.80% pada perlakuan E.

Kata Kunci: ekstrak pasak bumi, jantan, nisbah kelamin, perendaman.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI FILTER TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DAN PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BAWAL AIR TAWAR (Colossoma macropomum) DENGAN SISTEM RESIRKULASI
Authors: . Nurhariati , Junaidi Muhammad , Diniarti Nanda
Published: August 2022

Ikan bawal air tawar (Collosoma macropomum) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis cukup tinggi. sistem resirkulasi merupakan sistem budidaya yang dapat menghemat air karena dapat memanfaatkan ulang air yang sudah digunakan melewati sebuah filter. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa penggunaan komposisi filter terhadap kualitas air dan pertumbuhan benih ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) dengan sistem resirkulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh komposisi filter memberikan hasil yang signifikan taraf 5% terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan bawal air tawar (colossoma macropomum). Komposisi bahan filter pada sistem resirkulasi untuk budidaya ikan bawal air tawar memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan berat mutlak, panjang mutlak, berat spesifik, panjang spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air dan penggunaan bahan filter dari silika, arang aktif, dan zeolit memberikan pengaruh signifikan dibandingkan dengan perlakuan control (tanpa penambahan bahan filter).

Kata Kunci: Ikan bawal air tawar, sistem resirkulasi, dan filter.
IDENTIFIKASI (JENIS PAKAN) IKAN TORI (Cryptopterus spp.) ASLI PERAIRAN SUNGAI SANGGAU KAPUAS- KALIMANTAN BARAT DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA
Authors: Raharjo Eka Indah , . Rachimi
Published: August 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang identifikasi ikan tori asli di perairan Sungai Sanggau Kapuas Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2020 di Sungai Sanggau Kapuas Kabupaten Sanggau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif melalui survei lapangan dan pengumpulan spesimen berdasarkan hasil tangkapan nelayan dan informasi dari nelayan di Sungai Sanggau Kapuas Kabupaten Sanggau. Data ikan tori yang ditemukan langsung di sungai dan berdasarkan informasi dari nelayan diidentifikasi secara visual. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan ikan tori Cryptopterus spp. di perairan sungai Sanggau Kapuas adalah nilai Indexs Prefonderance ikan tori yang mengkonsumsi Arthropoda (40,16%) sebagai pakan alami utama, dan Anellida (26,72%) serta tumbuhan air/lumut (18,27%) sebagai pakan alami tambahan.

Kata Kunci: identifikasi, ikan tori, sungai sanggau kapuas, perikanan budidaya
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PATOGEN PADA IKAN RINGAU (DATNIOIDES MICROLEPIS) YANG DILALULINTASKAN DI STASIUN KARANTINA IKAN, PENGENDALIAN MUTU DAN KEAMANAN HASIL PERIKANAN PONTIANAK
Authors: . Raudiah , Prasetio Eko , . Farida , Sudarto Triadana
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri patogen dan mengetahui prevelensi serangan bakteri pada ikan ringau yang dilalulintaskan di Stasiun Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey yaitu pengumpulan data yang dikumpulkan secara observasi, yakni melakukan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek yang akan diteliti. Sehingga data-data tentang kejadian atau keadaan yang terjadi berdasarkan atas kenyataan yang ada. Data yang telah dikumpulkan diperkuat dari kutipan pustaka yang berhubungan dengan topik penelitian guna mendapatkan gambaran umum yang diperlukan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 102 ekor, 55 ekor ikan diantaranya tidak tampak ada tanda-tanda gejala klinis ikan sakit sedangkan 47 ekor ikan lainnya menunjukan gejala klinis eksternal seperti terdapat luka pada punggung dan tubuh ikan, insang berwarna pucat, sirip ekor dan sirip punggung geripis dan bagian internal terdapat hati yang berwarna pucat. Selama masa penelitian ditemukan 5 jenis bakteri diantaranya Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigeliodes, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Pasteurella haemolytica dan Chromobacterium violaceum yang menginfeksi ikan ringau yang dilalulintaskan di Stasiun KPIM Pontianak. Tingkat prevelensi bakteri patogen pada ikan ringau infeksi bakteri patogen tertinggi yaitu Aeromonas hydrophila yang terjadi pada musim penghujan dibulan September 2020 dengan tingkat prevalensi 66,67%. Prevalensi infeksi bakteri tertinggi kedua adalah infeksi bakteri Plesiomonas shigelloides dengan tingakt prevalensi sebesar 60% yang terjadi pada dibulan Februari 2021. Bakteri patogen yang mendominasi selama pengamatan yaitu serangan bakteri Plesiomonas shigelliodes dengan tingkat dominasi sebesar 39,21% dan dominasi kedua yaitu bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan tingkat dominasi sebesar 30,39%.
ATAERKİLLİĞİN YENİDEN DOĞUŞU: ALAN AYCKBOURN’UN BUNDAN SONRASI VE KOMİK POTANSİYELİNDE İNSAN SONRASI FEMİNİZM
Authors: MOHAMMADİ Ali
Published: August 2022

This study attempts to analyze Alan Ayckbourn’s Henceforward (1987) and Comic Potential (1998) from the standpoint of posthuman feminism. It is argued throughout this study that androids emerge as the extension of humans and are predominantly constructed upon particular ideological foundations laden with essential patriarchal privileges, gender stereotypes, and social norms. Unsurprisingly, comedy scenes are galore in both plays, and in line with the Ayckbournian trademark dramaturgy, tragedy is always offered as a side dish to its side-splitting laughter. In Henceforward, the non-operational composer Jerome hopelessly attempts to consign a motherly-woman role upon his flawed android, Nan while Comic Potential’s actor android Jacie, thanks to her more robust AI, epitomizes female subjugation yet enjoys an incomparably distinctive denouement, evoking the modern-Pygmalion. The plays eventually allow a viable comparative analysis as they share mutual tenets about what essentially makes us humans. It is further maintained that deeply ingrained, historically formed, socially constructed patriarchal fantasies are ultimately reincarnated on the android body.
Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Androgenic Status and Principles of Hormone Therapy in Sexological and Andrological Patients
Authors: Aksyonov Pavlo , Romanyuk Maksym
Published: August 2022

The article considers the main clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches to sexual and andrological disorders in men, the principles of hormone therapy in sexopathology and andrology. Treatment and diagnosis of any form of sexual disorder involves an individual approach, phasing, complexity, taking into account the fact that sexual function and its disorders are always a traumatic factor that deepens and self-fixes as it progresses. The formation and state of sexual function are influenced by ethical and moral attitudes, as well as personal characteristics of the patient. Creating a trusting relationship between the patient and the doctor, tact, attention of the doctor, his compliance with the rules of deontology – the necessary conditions for successful treatment.
Given that sexual function in men has several levels of regulation, in which the leading role is played by a higher (cortical) level, when prescribing treatment it is necessary to assess the level and extent of damage, determine the role of damaged levels of regulation in the genesis of sexual dysfunction. ways to eliminate disorders of sexual function and determine the role of sexual partners in the development of sexual disorders.
Based on modern ideas about the stages and components of the copulatory cycle, in the treatment of sexological and andrological patients it is recommended to adhere the principles that fully affect all its parts. In sexual dysfunction, drug therapy is more often used, which includes the appointment of hormonal, sedative, vegetotropic, vasoactive and stimulant drugs.
Advances in modern pharmacology have made it possible to synthesize and isolate from tissues steroid and protein hormones used in the treatment of disorders of the reproductive system, thus allowing real care to sexological and andrological patients.
Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (Literature Review)
Authors: Sergiychuk Roman
Published: August 2022

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is a standard treatment option for upper urinary tract stones ≥1.5 cm in size, multiple and staghorn stones. The efficiency and reliability of this procedure have improved, because of advances in technology and increased experience. This operation is considered a safe technique, which have the highest level of stone-free rate in comparison with shock-wave lithotripsy and retrograde nephrolithotripsy. The percutaneous nephrolithotripsy does not rule out the risk of complications.
To analyze the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, their risk factors and treatment methods based on overview of scientific literature.
It was identified the following complications such as bleeding during surgery and postoperatively, perforation of the renal collecting system, chest injuries, spleen injuries, liver and gallbladder injuries, injuries of the small and large intestine, and also infectious complications.
The risk factors such as stone size and stone location, renal syntopia and skeletotopia, urinary system abnormalities, and overweight affect were established. Preoperative leukocytosis, positive urinary nitrite, and positive bacteriological culture of bladder urine are independent risk factors for infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is the most difficult technique for treating urolithiasis. Therefore, the training of this operation is long and difficult. It is established that competence and perfection are achieved after 45 and 105 operations, respectively.
Adequate preoperative preparation, especially elimination of urinary tract infection before surgery, accurate puncture under the guidance of fluoroscopy and / or ultrasound, maintenance of low intrarenal pressure and reduction of surgery time are important technical requirements for safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.
According to the literature, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an effective and safe method of treating nephrolithiasis with a low level of complications. Knowledge of risk factors, treatment methods is important for every endourologist. Most complications, with timely diagnosis, can be eliminated conservatively, or with minimal invasive techniques, which has a positive effect on the treatment time and the psycho-emotional state of the surgeon.
Erosive Damages of the Gastroduodenal Zone in Servicemen: Clinical and Pharmacoeconomic Aspects
Authors: Osyodlo Halyna , Kotyk Yurii
Published: August 2022

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone in military personnel occupy one of the key places in the structure of the general pathology of internal organs. They significantly reduce the quality of life, affect the work capacity and personal life. Risk factors for their development is H. pylori infection, stress, severe trauma, certain drugs, and smoking. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can have negative consequences.
The objective: to analyze the disease course, determine the clinical and pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the combined bismuth-containing and acid-suppressive treatment regimens for erosive gastroduodenal lesions in military personnel.
Materials and methods. The study was designed as analyze of 40 medical charts of military personnel, who underwent treatment of the non-HP-associated erosive lesions of the gastroduodenal zone at the National Military Medical Clinical Center (NMMCC) «Main Military Clinical Hospital».
The study used clinical, bibliographic, statistical, pharmacoeconomic analysis together with the assessment of the quality of life by SF-36 questionnaire.
Results. It was found that the treatment regimen with use of rabeprazole and colloidal bismuth subcitrate has better clinical effectiveness (85% of patients recovered in 14 days of treatment compared to the group with omeprazole monotherapy, where the same indicator was 60%). Also, this scheme has a higher cost-utility (by 48%) and cost efficiency (by 56%) at a lower cost of treatment (by 17%).
Conclusion. The treatment regimen for non-HP-associated erosive lesions of the gastroduodenal zone based on rabeprazole and colloidal bismuth subcitrate is more expedient from the point of view of clinical effectiveness and pharmacoeconomic feasibility compared to the regimen based on omeprazole alone and its use can improve the pharmacoeconomic results and rationality of budget funds use.
PENGARUH DANA ZAKAT PRODUKTIF TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN MUSTAHIK
Authors: Iswardani Iswardani , Hasbi Hartas
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dana zakat produktif terhadap tingkat pendapatan mustahik. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang populasinya merupakan penerima bantuan dana zakat, sampel sebanyak 41 responden menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel yakni simple random sampling.. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan dalam bentuk kuesioner yang menggunakan teknik regresi sederhana.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemanfaatan dana zakat produktif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pendapatan mustahik dalam menjalankan usahanya, dibuktikan nilai t hitung 9,227, nilai signifikan 0.000 0.05. Perhitungan yang dilakukan untuk mengukur variabel independen dan variabel dependen yang mampu dijelaskan oleh model regresi linear sederhana. Dari hasil regresi diperoleh nilai R square (R2) sebesar 0.686 yang berarti bahwa, variabel dana zakat produktif pada penelitian ini berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pendapatan mustahik sebesar 67.8 %, sedangkan sisanya 32,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan kepada mustahik sebagai penerima dana zakat produktif agar memanfaatkan dana zakat yang diperoleh semaksimal mungkin sehingga pendapatan yang diterima semakin meningkat.
Glaucoma Detection Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Santos Dheiver Francisco
Published: August 2022

This work aims to observe the potential for the clinical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) strategies to detect glaucoma and monitor the progression of glaucoma in medical patients. The results are promising.
Used Cooking Oil-Based Saponification Process for Making Antibacterial Hand Soap
Authors: Bakhri Syamsul
Published: August 2022

Used cooking oil is used cooking oil that has been used repeatedly, both in households and in the culinary industry, which is often thrown away, so that it can damage the environment. This is what prompted us to conduct this research by utilizing used cooking oil or used cooking oil into useful and economical products, in this case hand soap. In this study, three formulations of raw material composition were used to make hand soap, namely Formula One (F1) consisting of 425 grams of used cooking oil and 75 grams of KOH, Formula Two (F2) consisting of 400 grams of used cooking oil and 100 grams of KOH, and Formula Three (F3) consisted of 375 grams of used cooking oil and 125 grams of KOH. The formulation of the problem in this research is the formulation of the composition of the raw materials which of the three formulations is effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, in order to obtain a quality hand soap that inhibits the growth of bacteria on the hands. This study aims to determine the composition of used cooking oil with KOH from three composition formulations that have a very strong inhibition of bacterial growth on the skin. The Hand Soap Making Process is carried out experimentally using the hot process method, which of course begins with the process of refining used cooking oil using activated charcoal. Hand soap was analyzed for microbial growth inhibition using Sraphylococcus aereus. Hand soap was also analyzed for organoleptic tests (solubility and aroma) using analytical observation methods and questionnaires involving ten respondents. The results achieved in this research are Hand Soap with a formulation of 375 grams of used cooking oil and 125 grams of KOH has a very strong inhibition of bacterial growth on the skin, has good solubility so it is comfortable to use, and has a long lasting aroma.
Using the Party as a Shield? How British MPs Explain Policy Positions to Constituents
Authors: Bischof Daniel , Cheng-Matsuno Vanessa , Cohen Gidon , Cohen Sarah , Foos Florian , Kuhn Patrick M. , Nanou Kyriaki , Visalvanich Neil , Vivyan Nick
Published: August 2022

How do legislators respond to constituents' requests? Recent studies showcase that US legislators are particularly responsive to their voters, even tailoring their messages toward them. But little research investigates if these findings hold for parliamentary systems which are characterized by high party discipline forcing legislators to fall in line. We theorize that in such systems legislators use their party as a shield if their opinion contradicts their constituents' positional wishes. We test our argument in an audit study involving both legislators and actual voters during the Brexit negotiations in 2019 in the United Kingdom. Contrary to conventional wisdom about party-dominated systems we find no evidence that MPs are less responsive to correspondence from party-incongruent constituents nor that they use their party as a shield. These null findings have important implications for our understanding of how legislative behavior in parliamentary systems is (not) constrained by party discipline.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL LEARNING IN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Marzuki Abdul Gafur
Published: August 2022

Technology can be defined as the set of knowledge, skills, and techniques which humans change, transform and use to create tools, machines, products, and services that meet our needs and desires. In this presentation, we focus on discussing technology on ELT context; there are some reasons why it is really important: 1.Students are engaging with technology constantly outside of the classroom. Students like to be interactive, and learning through technology has now become a part of their lifestyle. 2.Technology helps make teaching and learning more meaningful and fun. Students are also able to collaborate with their classmates through technological applications. 3.Assessing students’ performance can be done instantly with technology. Beyond seeing test scores in real-time, teachers can better track and understand students’ grasp of the subject. 4.Students know technology better than most adults. It has become the easiest way they learn because it is such an integral part of their life. Engaging with technology in the classroom has not only helped them learn better, but they also acquire multi-tasking skills. 5.Computers, tablets, and other forms of technology bring multiple resources for the teacher that’s not in the book. They not only keep students engaged with exciting new features and apps but also have other ways to teach students material. 6.We do understand that every student learns differently, and technology helps with this gap as well. The students now are considered technological learners.
Successes and Failures of Replications: A Meta-Analysis of Independent Replication Studies Based on the OSF Registries
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Gendlina Taisia , Krapp Josefine , Labusch Noemi , Schütz Astrid
Published: August 2022

A considerable proportion of psychological research has not been replicable, and estimates range from 9% to 77% for nonreplicable results. The extent to which vast proportions of studies in the field are replicable is still unknown, as researchers lack incentives for publishing individual replication studies. When preregistering replication studies via the Open Science Foundation website (OSF, osf.io), researchers can publicly register their results without having to publish them and thus circumvent file-drawer effects. We analyzed data from 139 replication studies for which the results were publicly registered on the OSF and found that out of 62 reports that included the authors’ assessments, 23 were categorized as “informative failures to replicate” by the original authors. 24 studies allowed for comparisons between the original and replication effect sizes, and whereas 75% of the original effects were statistically significant, only 30% of the replication effects were. The replication effects were also significantly smaller than the original effects (approx. 38% the size). Replication closeness did not moderate the difference between the original and the replication effects. Our results provide a glimpse into estimating replicability for studies from a wide range of psychological fields chosen for replication by independent groups of researchers. We invite researchers to browse the Replication Database (ReD) ShinyApp, which we created to check for whether seminal studies from their respective fields have been replicated. Our data and code are available online: https://osf.io/9r62x/
How can we detect and analyze traveling waves in human brain oscillations?
Authors: Das Anup , Zabeh Erfan , Jacobs Joshua
Published: August 2022

The brain is a complex, interconnected network and the large-scale spatiotemporal coordination of neuronal activity is vital for cognition and behavior. Prior studies have proposed that traveling waves of brain oscillations are one mechanism that helps coordinate complex neuronal processes and are crucial for cognition. Traveling waves consist of oscillations that propagate progressively across the cortex and previous studies have shown that these waves play a foundational role for learning, memory processing, and memory consolidation and a range of other behaviors across multiple species. The prevalence of traveling waves in cognition thus indicates that spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal oscillations may coordinate multiple neuronal brain networks and impact behavior. Even though there are several different approaches for analyzing traveling waves using electrophysiological recordings, computational tools targeting the analysis and visualization and understanding of traveling waves are still rare. We briefly review the literature on human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), which has shown that traveling waves play an important role in cognition. We then describe a statistical methodology based on circular–linear regression for the detection and analysis of traveling waves from human electrophysiological oscillations. We hope that this approach will provide a more mechanistic understanding of the coordination of neurons across space and time.
A review of psycho-legal issues in credibility assessments of asylum claims based on religion
Authors: Selim Hedayat , Korkman Julia , Nynäs Peter , Pirjatanniemi Elina , Antfolk Jan
Published: August 2022

Religious persecution is a leading cause of global displacement. In the absence of supporting evidence, presenting a credible oral asylum claim based on religion is a difficult task for asylum-seekers. Asylum officials, in turn, face considerable challenges in evaluating the credibility of asylum-seekers’ claims to determine their eligibility for refugee status. We reviewed 21 original manuscripts addressing credibility assessments of asylum claims based on religion. We focused on (1) officials’ methods of eliciting a religious claim in the asylum interview; (2) their credibility assessments of particularly complex asylum claims, namely those based on religious conversion, unfamiliar religions, and absence of religion; and (3) issues related to the presence of an interpreter. We found deviations in officials’ assessment patterns from established knowledge in both legal psychology and the scientific study of religion. Closer collaboration between asylum practitioners and researchers in these fields is needed to improve the validity and reliability of credibility assessments of asylum claims based on religion.
The role of phonology-to-orthography consistency in predicting the degree of pupil dilation induced in processing reduced and unreduced speech
Authors: Mukai Yoichi , Järvikivi Juhani , Tucker Benjamin V.
Published: August 2022

The relationship between the ways in which words are pronounced and spelled has been shown to affect spoken word processing and a consistent relationship between pronunciation and spelling has been reported as a possible cause of unreduced pronunciations being easier to process than reduced counterparts although reduced pronunciations occur more frequently. In the present study, we investigate the effect of pronunciation-to-spelling consistency for reduced and unreduced pronunciations in L1 and L2 listeners of a logographic language. More precisely, we compare L1 and L2 Japanese listeners to probe whether they use orthographic information differently when processing reduced and unreduced speech. Using pupillometry, the current study provides evidence that extends the hypothesis about the role of orthography in the processing of reduced speech. Orthographic realization matters in processing for L1 and L2 advanced listeners. More specifically, how consistent the orthographic realization is with its phonological form (phonology-to-orthography consistency) modulates the extent to which reduced pronunciation induces additional processing costs. The results are further discussed in terms of their implications for how listeners process reduced speech and the role of the orthographic form in speech processing.
नेपालभाषा शिक्षाया इतिहास
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha रविन Rabin
Published: August 2022

आधुनिक शिक्षाया संस्थागत व्यवस्था न्हेव नेपालय्‌ नं भारतय्‌ छेलाबुलाय्‌ दुगु वैदिक वा संस्कृत शिक्षा व वौद्ध शिक्षा परम्परा निगूकथंया शिक्षा छेलाबुलाय्‌ वयाच्वंगु ख:। किरातकालया शिक्षावारे एकिन याय्‌फूगु मदु । मल्लकालय्‌ मल्ल जुजुपिन्सं जनतायात शिक्षा बीमा: थेँ मताय्‌कू । शाहकालया पूर्वार्द्धय्‌ सर्वसाधारणया नितिं स्कूल चाय्‌कुगु खनेमदु । दरवारय्‌ राजगुरु तया: ब्वँकीगु ख:सा मेपिं गुरुया छेँय्‌ वना: ब्वनीगु ख:। आधुनिक शिक्षाया प्रारम्भ विसं १९१० सालं दरवार हाईस्कूलं जुल । नेपालभाषा शिक्षाया प्रारम्भ महावीर स्कूल व नेपाल राष्ट्रिय विद्यापिठं जूगु खनेदु । थौंकन्हय्‌ वया: पूर्व प्राथमिक तगिंनिसे पीएचडीतक नं नेपालभाषां याय्‌गु व्यवस्था दु । थुगु च्वसुया उद्देश्य नेपालय्‌ नेपालभाषा औपचारिक शिक्षा गुबलेनिसें न्ह्यात धइगु मालेगु ख:। च्वसूलिसे स्वाःगु पुस्तकालयया सामग्री छेलागु दु । पूर्वीय भाषाकथं माध्यामिक तगिमय्‌ नेसं १०७१ निसें नेपालभाषा ब्वने दुगु खः। आइ.ए.तगिमय्‌ नेसं १०८० निसें नेपालभाषा ब्वनेदत । १०९७ निसें डिग्री बाइ डिजर्टेशन याय्‌गु ब्यवस्था जुल । थुकथं राणाकालंनिसें नेपालभाषायात प्रजातन्त्र वय्‌धुंका: तक नं सरकारं नेपालभाषायात कोतेलेगु हे नीति का:गु खनेदु ।
Characterizing Organic Nanocontamination in Semiconductors by Resonance-Enhanced Nanoscale IR Spectroscopy (AFM-IR)
Authors: Roy Anirban , Anderson Jay
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the development of resonance-enhanced AFM-IR spectroscopy and demonstrates its effectiveness on silicon test wafers with nanoscale skin particles and polyester contaminants.
Basic Knowledge Required of an FA Engineer
Authors: Burgess David
Published: August 2022

This column discusses the basic knowledge and skills needed by failure analysis engineers, with a focus on problem-solving ability.
Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Novel Electronic Materials
Authors: Lei Ming , Price J. , Cho Yujin , Shafiei Farbod , Downer M.C.
Published: August 2022

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a noninvasive technique that provides information about interface properties and crystal defects. This article demonstrates the use of SGH in the study of high-k dielectrics, silicon-on-insulator structures, compound semiconductors, and through-silicon vias.
Speeding Up Failure Analysis Using Fab and Design Data
Authors: Desineni Rao , Pan Yan
Published: August 2022

This column discusses the benefits of using IC design and wafer-processing test data for failure analysis.
Monograin Defect in Polysilicon Gates
Authors: Parrassin Thierry , Clément Laurent
Published: August 2022

Soft electrical failures caused by monograin defects can have a significant impact on yield in technology nodes below 40 nm. Moreover, the failures are hard to identify and the defects give very few signatures during localization testing. In this article, the authors explain how they used nanobeam diffraction with automated crystal orientation and phase mapping to pinpoint a single grain orientation causing the problem and, as a result, are now able to recognize the symptoms of this type of failure, observe the defect, and limit the impact on electrical timing margins through both design and process corrections.
Evolution or Revolution? How Mobile Phones Changed the Chip Business
Authors: James Dick
Published: August 2022

This column reflects on the effect mobile phones have had on process and packaging technology and failure analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Design Automation Assisting Physical Failure Analysis
Authors: Huang Yu
Published: August 2022

This column explains how machine learning is being used to diagnose electrical faults and identify potential hot spots and systematic defects during IC design.
High Resolution Acoustic GHz Microscopy
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Kögel Michael , Altmann Frank
Published: August 2022

Engineers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems built and are testing a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that operates at frequencies of up to 2 GHz. Here they describe the design of their GHz-SAM and present examples showing how it is used to detect stress induced voids, inspect wire bond interfaces, and examine through-silicon vias (TSVs) in the time-resolved mode.
Early Life Automotive Electronics Failures and Their Root Causes
Authors: Jacob Peter
Published: August 2022

Automotive electronics are exposed to mechanical shock and vibration, thermal cycling, chemical attack, current and voltage spikes, electromagnetic interference, and other hazards. Early life failures, which are not uncommon, can be difficult to diagnose due to the many contributing factors. This article provides an overview of automotive electronic failures and presents guidelines for determining the root cause.
Master FA Techniques: Curve Tracing in FA
Authors: Burgess Dave
Published: August 2022

This brief article discusses the various ways curve tracers can help failure analysts detect defects, leakage current, and abnormal device operation.
An Automated Methodology for Logic Characterization Vehicle Design
Authors: Liu Zeye , Niewenhuis Ben , Mittal Soumya , Fynan Phillip , Blanton R.D. (Shawn)
Published: August 2022

A new product-like test chip developed by engineers at Carnegie Mellon University overcomes the current limitations in conventional test chip design. This article discusses the advantages of the new chip, called the CM-LCV, and presents experimental results showing how it achieves fault coverages comparable to or better than benchmarking designs.
Fuse Burnout due to Gate Drive Circuit Parasitic Ringing in DC/DC Converters
Authors: Xianxin Guo
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the causes and effects of parasitic ringing in the gate drive circuit of dc-to-dc converters. It also presents experimental results validating a possible solution.
Measuring Temperature in GaN HEMTs: An Approach Based on Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Boudart Bertrand , Guhel Yannick
Published: August 2022

This article describes a new technique for measuring temperatures in GaN HEMTs. The method is based on Raman spectroscopy and the use of cerium oxide particles that act like micro-Raman thermometers when scanned with a UV laser. As the article explains, phonon line shifts due to Raman scattering are used to estimate the temperature of GaN layers while surface temperatures are obtained through the cerium oxide particles. The results presented also verify that the particles, which are distributed over semiconductor and metal surfaces, do not modify the electric characteristics of the GaN devices.
Data-driven Reliability for Datacenter Hard Disk Drives
Authors: Yang Alan , Ghassami AmirEmad , Rosenbaum Elyse , Kiyavash Negar
Published: August 2022

The problem of constructing reliable systems out of unreliable components is usually dealt with through a combination of redundancy and early retirement. This article assesses the potential of an intelligent failure prediction system that depends more on diagnostic data and analytics than built-in redundancy and costly replacement.
Xe Plasma vs. Gallium FIB Delayering
Authors: Sharang Sharang , Anzalone Paul , Obona Jozef Vincenc
Published: August 2022

Liquid metal ion and plasma beam FIB systems are widely used in the semiconductor industry for TEM lamella preparation, circuit edit, and cross-sectional analysis. This article compares the deprocessing capability of a Ga FIB with that of a Xe plasma FIB. Both systems were used to delayer an Intel 14 nm processor from M8 down to the transistor contacts. As the images in the article show, a 100 × 100 µm window was opened by the Xe plasma FIB and a 20 × 20 µm window was opened with the Ga FIB. Related issues such as processing time, end point detection, and surface roughness are also discussed.
Failure Analysis for Hardware Assurance and Security
Authors: Tanjidur Rahman M. , Asadizanjani Navid
Published: August 2022

This article presents a comprehensive study of physical inspection and attack methods, describing the approaches typically used by counterfeiters and adversaries as well as the risks and threats created. It also explains how physical inspection methods can serve as trust verification tools and provides practical guidelines for making hardware more secure.
Faster and More Accurate Failure Analysis: Circuit Editing and Short Localization Performed at Same Tilt Angle using Multiple Techniques
Authors: Courbat William , Jatzkowski Jörg
Published: August 2022

A recent trend in semiconductor failure analysis involves combining the use of different tools and techniques in order to acquire more accurate data at a faster rate. This article describes a new workflow that combines FIB, GIS, and nanoprobing, all performed at the same FIB tilt position. It also provides two examples in which the workflow is used.
TEM Study of Oxygen Partial Pressure Effect on Early LSM-YSZ Surface Interactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang H.J. , Chen M. , Liu Y.L. , Theil Kuhn L. , Bowen J.R.
Published: August 2022

Long-term stability studies indicate that cathode degradation is one of the main failure mechanisms in anode-supported SOFCs. In order to better understand the microstructural degradation mechanisms of the cathode and the influence of oxygen partial pressure at relevant operating temperatures, the authors of this article acquired TEM samples from technological cells to study cation interdiffusion mechanisms and LSM-YSZ interactions, particularly in areas where LSM grains are in contact with YSZ electrolyte. Here they present and interpret the results.
Chiplets: A New Era in Advanced Packaging Emerges
Authors: Vardaman Jan
Published: August 2022

This editorial discusses the emergence of chiplets and its potential impact on IC design, fabrication, and failure analysis.
Étude exploratoire de l’utilisation des cartes conceptuelles pour le développement du raisonnement clinique des étudiants de deuxième cycle en stage dans un service d’urgence
Authors: Ben-Haddour M. , Roussel M. , Demeester A.
Published: August 2022

Objectif: Par la grande diversité de situations rencontrées, les services d’urgence offrent aux étudiants en médecine une opportunité d’enrichir leur répertoire expérientiel. Les cartes conceptuelles, en impliquant activement les étudiants dans une démarche de résolution de problème, pourraient favoriser le développement de leur raisonnement clinique. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre l’utilisation des cartes conceptuelles par des étudiants en médecine en stage dans un service d’urgence et leur potentielle aide sur le développement du raisonnement clinique.

Matériel et méthode: Étude exploratoire qualitative fondée sur des groupes de discussion menés auprès d’étudiants volontaires pour utiliser des cartes conceptuelles durant leur stage dans le service d’urgence.

Résultats: Onze étudiants ont participé. Les principaux obstacles étaient le peu de temps et le nombre trop élevé de patients ; selon eux, les cartes conceptuelles permettaient de mieux mémoriser et d’enrichir leur répertoire de situations rencontrées. Sans supervision, les cartes conceptuelles ont surtout été utilisées comme outil de synthèse et à des fins diagnostiques.

Conclusion: Les résultats de cette approche qualitative suggèrent que l’utilisation de cartes conceptuelles dans un service d’urgence devrait se faire sous condition d’une formation préalable pour les étudiants ainsi que de l’allocation d’un temps dédié pour leur réalisation. Même sans supervision, l’utilisation de cartes conceptuelles pourrait favoriser la mémoire expérientielle et la phase de catégorisation du raisonnement clinique. Une utilisation supervisée qui permettrait de faciliter la construction des cartes et de développer toutes les phases du raisonnement clinique paraît souhaitable. Ces hypothèses pourraient faire l’objet d’une vérification par une approche quantitative à plus grande échelle.
EVALUATION OF PLATE LOAD TEST RESULTS: A CASE STUDY IN ANKARA/TURKEY
Authors: ÇEVİK Safa
Published: August 2022

Plate load test is widely used for bearing capacity and settlement calculations of foundations. In this study, 6 plate load tests were carried out to determine the bearing capacity and settlement of the foundation. High-speed railway project will be constructed in related area. The project location is in Ankara/Turkey. Bearing capacity of the station platform building foundation was determined according to plate load test and finite element analysis. Finite element analysis (FEM) software, Plaxis 2D, was used for the understanding of the settlement behaviour of soil. Soil strength and deformation parameters were determined according to plate load test and finite element analysis. Elasticity theory was used for analytical solutions. Field measurements, finite element analysis (FEM) results and analytical solution were compared at final of the study. Finite element analysis (FEM) and elasticity theory settlement calculation results have a strong correlation with field observations.
Lesson preparation for inclusive teaching of learners with disabilities from grade 1 to 7 at Kankumba Primary School
Authors: Malata Lawrence Nsofwa , Muzata Kenneth Kapalu
Published: August 2022

The inclusive approach calls for schools to make appropriate curriculum changes to the learning so that each classroom is able to address the learning needs of all children, including those with disabilities. Inclusive education requires good lesson preparation by teachers and involves putting in order all relevant materials considering the concepts of adaptation, accommodation and modification. It appears that the aspect of inclusive lesson preparation for learners with disabilities has not been taken seriously and this could be the major contributing factor to poor performance. However, this article will explore lesson preparation for inclusive teaching of learners with disabilities from grade 1 to 7 at Kankumba primary school in Rufunsa district, Zambia. The study adopted a case study design and it employed a qualitative approach to collect data.  The participants were purposively selected and the sample comprised 18 participants that were categorized as follows: Headteacher (1), Parents (5), Class Teachers (6), and children with disabilities (6).  The major findings of the study revealed that teachers did not prepare lessons inclusively. Some indicators of lack of inclusive planning were the absence of inclusive methods in lesson plans, whereby teachers only planned group work and lecture methods without indicating how the learners with disabilities would benefit. The selection of teaching and learning aids did not depict inclusion for learners with disabilities.  The study further revealed that the lack of proper inclusive lesson delivery and inclusive lesson preparation was exacerbated by a lack of knowledge on inclusive lesson preparation by teachers. It was recommended that in-service teachers need capacity building in inclusive lesson preparation and a further review of how inclusive lesson preparation can be intensified in the teacher education curriculum.
Photovoltaic MPPT algorithm based on adaptive particle swarm optimization neural-fuzzy control
Authors: Yan Zhang , Miyuan Zhang , Yajun Wang , Xibiao Cai , Yanjun Li
Published: August 2022

Since the BP neural network has poor performance and unstable learning rate in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of photovoltaic (PV) system, an adaptive particle swarm optimization BP neural network-fuzzy control PV MPPT algorithm (APSO-BP-FLC) is proposed in this paper. First, the inertia weight, learning factor and acceleration factor of particle swarm optimization (PSO) are self-updating, and the mutation operator is adopted to initialize the position of each particle. Second, the APSO algorithm is used to update the optimal weight threshold of BP neural network, where the input layer is irradiation and temperature, and the output layer is the maximum power point (MPP) voltage. Third, the fuzzy logical control (FLC) is employed to adjust the duty cycle of Boost converter. The inputs of FLC are voltage difference and duty ratio D(n-1) at the previous time, and the output is duty ratio D(n). Moreover, D(n-1) is optimized by |dP/dU| to improve the search range of FLC. The irradiation, temperature and MPP voltage of PV cell are adopted as the datasets for simulation in a city in Shaanxi province, China. Simulation results show that the proposed MPPT algorithm is superior to the APSO-BP, FLC and perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm with tracking performance, steady state oscillation rate and efficiency. In addition, the efficiency of proposed MPPT algorithm is improved by 0.37%, 6.2%, and 6.8% as compared to APSO-BP, FLC and P&O algorithm.