bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The stock market in the structure of sources of financing the Russian economy
Authors: KRINICHANSKII Konstantin V.
Published: December 2024

Subject. This article analyzes the structure of sources of financing the real sector of the Russian economy and the role of the stock market in this structure.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the stock market as a source of financing the real sector of the Russian economy.
Methods. For the study, I used the systems approach, structural, infographic, and comparative analyses.
Results. The article describes the structure of market sources of financial resources of companies in the real sector and reveals the main shortcomings of the bond market as a source of financing. The article emphasizes that the structure of sources of financing of fixed capital, which has developed in Russia, although it corresponds to the patterns characteristic of most countries, is fraught with the risk of procyclicality of companies' investment activity.
Relevance. The results of the study can be used by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia in solving the problem of expanding the participation of stock market mechanisms in financing economic development.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Otoriter Orang Tua Dan Kepercayaan Diri Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Karir Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 5
Authors: Nera Kumala Sari  , Jarkawi  , Aminah
Published: December 2024

Keputusan karir bagi setiap siswa memiliki pengaruh yang cukup kuat untuk menentukan masadepan mereka. Dalam mengambil keputusan karir, salah satu faktor yang memiliki peran dalam pengambilan keputusan adalah pola asuh orangtua dan kepercayaan diri siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh otoriter orang tua dan kepercayaan diri dalam pengambilan Keputusan karir. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitin ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 83 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis korelasi dan uji regresi berganda. Hasil dari peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai atau R Square pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh nilai R2 sebesar 0,473. Pola asuh otoriter dan kepercayaan diri memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 47,3%  terhadap pengambilan keputusan karier.  Hasil analisis data dengan analisis regresi sederhana menunjukan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pola asuh otoriter dan kepercayaan diri, dengan Nilai koefisien Pola Asuh Otoriter Orang Tua sebesar 0,737, dan nilai koefisien Kepercayaan Diri sebesar 0,294. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pengambilan Keputusan Karir dapat dipengaruhi sebesar 47,3% oleh variabel independen yaitu Pola Asuh Otoriter Orang Tua dan Kepercayaan Diri.
Sleep quality in Down syndrome
Authors: Bermudez Beatriz , Yonemuto Henrique
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade do sono em pacientes com síndrome de Down atendidas em um ambulatório especializado.
METODOLOGIA: A coleta de dados foi baseada no Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, uma ferramenta específica para análise da qualidade de sono rápida e eficaz em uma amostra aleatória de 70 pacientes entre julho de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. Como o PSQI não é válido para menores de 10 anos no Brasil, foram consideradas nas crianças as variáveis comuns do Questionário de Hábitos de Sono das Crianças (CSHQ) e PSQI-BR para permitir a análise dos dados. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita pelo software R Core Team.
RESULTADOS: A idade média dos 70 participantes era de 14,4 anos com 50% do sexo masculino e em 57,2% a qualidade do sono foi ruim. Os escores finais tiveram média 4,92 (0 + 12). Em relação à qualidade percebida do sono, 77,1% relataram qualidade "boa" ou "muito boa". Quanto à latência do sono, 42,9% iniciavam o sono em até 30 minutos. Todos apresentaram duração de sono de no mínimo 6 horas. A maioria (91,4%) tem eficiência de sono igual ou superior a 85%, mas 87,2% apresentaram algum distúrbio do sono. O uso de medicamentos para dormir ocorreu em 12,9%. Disfunção diurna foi observada em 77,2%.
CONCLUSÃO: A maioria (77,1%) julgou sua qualidade do sono boa, mas após análise mais detalhada do sono, foi observado que era ruim em 57,2%. Isso reforça o acompanhamento longitudinal dessa população em saúde integral para investigação e tratamento.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia in adolescents: how and why to diagnose
Authors: Silva Camila , Romão Ludimila , Alves Lalleinny , Bassi Roberta , Silva Rose , Araújo Fátima , Meira Zilda
Published: December 2024

Síndrome da taquicardia postural ortostática (POTS) é uma síndrome heterogênea rara secundária a um distúrbio do sistema nervoso autônomo que se manifesta por taquicardia sinusal sustentada e sintomática em posição ortostática, sem hipotensão arterial. Os sintomas crônicos são inespecíficos e associados a diversos aparelhos, podendo ser incapacitantes com grande prejuízo da qualidade de vida. Embora pouco conhecida pelos cardiologistas é entidade importante no diagnóstico diferencial de pré-síncope. Apresentamos um relato de caso de uma adolescente encaminhada à cardiologia pediátrica para investigar episódios intermitentes e recorrentes de sudorese, dor torácica, perda de tônus muscular sem perda de consciência, palpitações, palidez e taquicardia. À anamnese relatou ainda outros sintomas associados a prejuízo das atividades de vida diária e rendimento escolar. Após exame físico detalhado (avaliação da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial) e exames complementares (eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma transtorácico e Tilt Test), foi possível diagnosticá-la com síndrome de POTS e instituir o tratamento (farmacológico e não farmacológico) com melhora da qualidade de vida e controle dos sintomas. O reconhecimento dessa doença, de descrição recente na história da medicina, depende da suspeição clínica durante anamnese e exame físico permitindo instituir tratamento com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida do doente.
Acquired methemoglobinemia due to ultraprocessed food consumption by an adolescent: a case report
Authors: Rocha Camila , Quirino Ariadne , Araújo Mariana , Barreto Mayanne , Damas Thays , Yokoyama Francisco , Prigol Priscilla , João Paulo
Published: December 2024

A hipóxia tecidual e até mortes decorrentes de metemoglobinemia ocorrem quando seus níveis ultrapassam 2%, quanto maior o nível, mais graves os sintomas apresentados pelo paciente. Seu mecanismo se dá através da oxidação da hemoglobina do estado ferroso para férrico, tornando-a incapaz de se ligar ao oxigênio. Trata-se de uma patologia congênita ou adquirida, esta quando há exposição a certos agentes oxidantes, como pesticidas, fertilizantes, anestésicos tópicos e nitratos, como no caso descrito. Os sintomas são variáveis, desde apenas pigmentação acinzentada da pele à cianose central, coloração marrom do sangue, síncope, dispneia, convulsões e até insuficiência cardiovascular decorrente da hipóxia tecidual. Mas o principal sinal é a disparidade entre saturação em oximetria de pulso e saturação arterial de oxigênio, refratários à oxigenoterapia. A agilidade no diagnóstico e na instituição do tratamento adequado é essencial para um bom desfecho, tendo como principal medida curativa a administração de azul de metileno. Este artigo apresenta um relato de caso de paciente adolescente com metemoglobinemia adquirida após ingestão de alimento ultraprocessado. Relato estruturado a partir da análise do prontuário e revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Sem qualquer conflito de interesse ou fonte financiadora externa.
The role of Brazilian culture in the face of childhood obesity over the last three decades
Authors: Souza Nathalye
Published: December 2024

A obesidade infantil pode afetar a saúde na vida adulta de diversas maneiras. Em primeiro lugar, os estudos mostraram que crianças obesas têm maior probabilidade de se tornarem adultos obesos. Isso aumenta significativamente o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, como diabetes, hipertensão, doenças cardíacas, câncer e outras condições que podem ter impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. Este trabalho busca trazer reflexões sobre as mudanças ambientais e culturais, quanto aos hábitos, que podem ter contribuído com o aumento da obesidade da população brasileira, através da publicidade, assim como comidas típicas e rotina das crianças antes da pandemia de COVID-19.
How parenting interventions affect early childhood development: a literature review
Authors: Silva Karine , Silva Virna , Pereira Roseny , Ximenes Renata
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Descrever e avaliar os principais modelos de intervenção parental. Metodologia: Foi realizada busca de ensaios clínicos randomizados em duas bases de dados eletrônicas: PUBMED e Embase, durante o período de 2018 a 2022. Foram incluídos artigos com desfecho primário sobre desenvolvimento infantil em crianças durante a primeira infância com desenvolvimento típico, sendo incluídos 19 artigos. Resultados:Obtivemos como resultado 3 modelos principais de intervenção: modelo de feedback da interação criança-cuidador, modelo com entrega de instruções presenciais e modelo de entrega remoto por aplicativo, sendo os domínios de linguagem e comportamento os mais avaliados, principalmente em crianças pré-escolares. A estratégia que apresentou maior eficácia no desenvolvimento infantil foi o modelo com maior interação entre cuidador-criança e com a equipe do treinamento, com tempo mínimo de um ano de intervenção para efeito sustentado sobre os domínios avaliados. Conclusão: A heterogeneidade dos modelos dificulta avaliações mais detalhadas, sendo necessárias novas avaliações com parâmetros mais homogêneos a fim de permitir resultados mais consistentes. Não há conflito de interesse.
Cat scratch disease causing Parinaud syndrome: case report
Authors: Mendonça Marcus , Conti Tiago , Botelho José , Oliveira Vitória
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A Doença da Arranhadura do Gato em pediatria (DAG) é uma moléstia de apresentação aguda, cuja associação com a síndrome de Parinaud é um evento raro. Objetivo: Relatar caso de paciente com DAG que evoluiu com síndrome de Parinaud. Relato de caso: Pré-escolar, sexo feminino, chega ao pronto-socorro com histórico de edema em olho esquerdo há 2 dias. Ao exame físico, a região afetada possuía edema, eritema com dificuldade à abertura ocular ipsilateral associado à febre aferida e cefaleia que cessavam ao uso de analgésico. Com a internação e prescrição de antibioticoterapia, houve remissão importante do quadro. Conclusão: Aprimorar os conhecimentos sobre as manifestações de infecção por Bartonella hanselae e suas complicações torna-se necessário a fim do melhor manejo dos pacientes.
Bab XXIII: Perburuan
Authors: Kruyt Albert
Published: December 2024

1. Orang Toraja sebagai pemburu. 2. Persiapan ekspedisi berburu. 3. Salaa dan pemulihan darinya (molompahi). 4. Anjing pemburu. 5. Rombongan berburu dalam perjalanan. 6. Berburu dengan anjing. 7. Mengeluarkan isi perut babi. 8. Persiapan dan pengambilan harta rampasan. 9. Kembalinya dari berburu. 10. Hewan buruan yang diburu dengan anjing (babi, babirusa, anoa). 11. Rusa di Sulawesi Tengah.  12. Menangkap burung dengan ranting jeruk nipis (mopuyu). 13. Menangkap ayam kayu.  14. Sumpitan (sopu).  15. Racun panah dan akibat yang ditimbulkannya.  16. Penggunaan paku bambu dalam berburu.  17. Perangkap dan jerat.  17. Perangkap dan jerat
Bab XXVI: Permainan, Bibliografi
Authors: Kruyt Albert
Published: December 2024

1. Bermain adalah meniru apa yang dilakukan orang yang lebih tua. 2. Permainan melempar. 3. Permainan menembak. 4. Permainan jalan kaki. 5. Berjalan di atas jangkungan. 6. Permainan Ronde. 7. Puisi anak-anak dan pantun menghitung. 8. Segala macam permainan lainnya. 9. Motela. 10. Menendang betis (mowinti). 11. Memutar gasing. Gasing (ganci) dan tali bagian atas.  12. Saatnya memutar gasing. 13. Aturan mainnya.  14. Perkelahian palsu
Bibliografi
BAB IA. DAERAH DAN PENDUDUK
Authors: Kruyt Albert C.
Published: December 2024

BAB IA. DAERAH DAN PENDUDUK
Daftar Isi
Authors: Schrauwers Albert
Published: December 2024

Bab Ib Negara dan Rakyat: Daerah Lore,
Bab II Batu dan Tembaga,  Guci Pemakaman Tanah, Patung Kayu
Kata Pengantar
Authors: Kaudern Walter
Published: December 2024

Kata Pengantar
BAB V: PERANG
Authors: Kruyt Albert C.
Published: December 2024

1. Penyebab perang. 2. Meminta bantuan. 3. Tetap bernetral. 4. Permintaan untuk tetap netral. 5. Jagoan atau pemimpin pasukan, yaitu tadulako. 6. Tadulako utama. 7. Hubungan Tadulako utama dan kapten. 8. Peraturan untuk dan berkenaan dengan tadulako. 9. Larangan makanan bagi tadulako. 10. Siapa yang berperang. 11. Jimat. 12. Isi jimat. 13. Jenis kayu pada jimat. 14. Batu Bezoar (korpolit). 15. Jimat diberi makan. 16. Jimat membuat pemiliknya sakit. 17. Melangkah dan menyentuh jimat. 18. Menjaga jimat. 19. Jimat setelah pemiliknya meninggal. 20. Jimat musuh. 21. Toina. 22. Perpisahan dengan desa. 23. Doa kepada makhluk halus. 24. Kepergian desanya. 25. Peramal unggas. 26. Ramalan dengan telur. 27. Ramalan untuk kesejahteraan Anda sendiri. 28. Peramal anjing. 29. Biaya perjalanan. 30. Meminta hadiah panduan (paola). 31. Hadiah panduan. 32. Hari baik dan hari buruk. 33. Suara burung. 34. Pertanda binatang. 35. Mimpi yang berhubungan dengan perang. 36. Mimpi (lanjutan). 37. Tanda-tanda lain di jalur perang. 38. Penggangguan perjalanan. 39. Apa yang harus diperhatikan di jalan. 40. Istri sang pejuang. 41. Wanita itu menyamakan dirinya dengan sang pejuang. 42. Wanita tetap berhubungan dengan pria. 43. Pengaruh simpatik perempuan terhadap laki-laki. 44. Para wanita tinggal di kuil desa. 45. Tanda bagi yang tertinggal. 46. ​​​​Di hutan. 47. Memasak nasi serangan. 48. Memanggil roh hidup musuh. 49. Memikat musuh di Besoa, Napu dan Tawailia. 50. Memata-matai musuh. 51. Persiapan penyerangan. 52. Desa yang terancam punah. 53. Taktik militer. 54. Penyerahan desa. 55. Bertarung di lapangan terbuka. 56. Tidak berhasil dalam pertempuran. 57. Mutilasi mayat. 58. Kepala orang yang terbunuh. 59. Kulit kepala orang yang dibunuh. 60. Prajurit yang gugur. 61. Takut pada yang kalah. 62. Tawanan perang. 63. Pemberitahuan pengembalian. Cincin rotan. 64. Melompati api. 65. Pemberitahuan kembalinya para pejuang kepada suku lain. 66. Mobelo. 66a. Lagu perang (mondolu, monolu, moinolu). 67. Bagian pertama dari mobelo. Masuk ke desa. 68. Taburan nasi dan jahe. 69. Menabuh gendang di kuil. 70. Menuang air. 71. Moraa pale. 72. Bagian kedua Mobelo. 73. Mobelo di kelompok Pakawa. 74. Mokahawea atau mokasawea (mantaka). 75. Mokahawea (mantaka) di Bada'. 76. Mokahawea (mantaka) di Besoa. 77. Mokahawea (mantaka) di Napu. 78. Mokahawea (mantaka) di Rampi. 79. Mokahawea (mantaka) di antara suku-suku barat. 80. Pangkat dan kehormatan di antara suku-suku barat dan di Rampi. 81. Peringkat di Bada'. 82. Peringkat di Besoa. 83. Peringkat di Napu dan Tawailia. 84. Berdamai.
Di Pedalaman Sulawesi JILID II
Authors: Kaudern Walter
Published: December 2024

Walter Kaudern (1881-1942) adalah seorang Ahli Zoologi dan Etnografer asal Swedia yang melakukan perjalanan penelitian ke Sulawesi Utara dan Tengah antara tahun 1917 dan 1921. Perjalanan tersebut dimulai dengan fokus pada pertanyaan-pertanyaan Zoologi yang banyak dicari di Sulawesi Utara, namun dengan cepat beralih ke permasalahan etnografis di Sulawesi Tengah. Di sini, ia bekerja dalam waktu lama di Kulawi, dan Loinang, dengan kunjungan sampingan komparatif di Pipikoro, Bada' dan Ondae, mengumpulkan 3000 koleksi artefak yang kini disimpan di Museum Kebudayaan Dunia Swedia (Gothenburg). Hasil penelitian lapangannya ia publikasikan dalam bahasa Inggris dalam 6 jilid ekstensif "Kajian Ethnographi di Sulawesi: Hasil Ekspedisi Penulis ke Sulawesi 1917-1920 (1925-45), beberapa jilid di antaranya telah diterjemahkan dalam LOBO.
Namun Di Pedalaman Sulawesi, merupakan karya survei awal yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Swedia sehingga  tidak dapat diakses oleh sebagian besar pembaca. Pentingnya karya ini bukan terletak pada laporan temuan zoologi dan etnografisnya yang dilaporkan secara panjang lebar di tempat lain, namun pada refleksi pribadinya yang mendalam terhadap penelitian dan metodenya, dan khususnya interaksinya dengan pemerintah kolonial Belanda, Salvation Army Missionaries, dan khususnya penduduk Sulawesi Tengah. Ini bukanlah potret diri yang puji diri.
Karya ini akan diterbitkan dalam tiga volume, dan berisi link luas ke koleksi foto yang tersedia di Museum Kebudayaan Dunia (Gothenburg).
Pembaca diperingatkan bahwa karya ini mengandung bahasa rasis.
Daftar Isi
Authors: Schrauwers Albert
Published: December 2024

Daftar Isi
Daftar Isi: Lobo 7(S5)
Authors: Kruyt Albert C.
Published: December 2024

Buku ini sepanjang 2000 halaman merupakan monografi lengkap dari penduduk yang disebut Toraja Barat di Sulawesi Tengah bagian barat. Termasuk monografi ini, uraian geografi, benda-benda pre-histori, sejarah penduduk dan lokasinya, pelapisan sosial, bentuk-bentuk perumahan, institusi perang, kepercayaan, kosmologi dan mitologi, shamanisme, sejarah masuknya Islam ke daerah ini, adat kebiasaan dan upacara di sekitar life cycle, mata pencaharian, pakaian dan perhiasan, makanan dan kerajinan tangan.
Termasuk Jilid ini: PERKAWINAN, KELAHIRAN, ANAK
DARI POSO KE MORI
Authors: Kruyt Albert C. , Adriani Nicholaus , Schrauwers Albert
Published: December 2024

Dicetak dulu sebagai: N. Adriani en Albert. C. Kruijt “Van Poso naar Mori” Mededeelingen van Wege het Nederlands Zendelingen Genootschap 1900 44(1): 135-214.
KATA PENGANTAR
Authors: Kotilainen Eija-Maija
Published: December 2024

KATA PENGANTAR
LAMPIRAN 1 KOLEKSI MUSEUM
Authors: Kotilainen Eija-Maija
Published: December 2024

LAMPIRAN 1: KOLEKSI MUSEUM
BAB III. Masyarakat
Authors: Kruyt Albert , Adriani Nicolaus , Schrauwers Albert
Published: December 2024

BAB III. Masyarakat
BAB IV Desa dan Rumah
Authors: Kruyt Albert
Published: December 2024

BAB IV. Desa dan Rumah
Bab VI. Perang
Authors: Kruyt Albert , Adriani Nicolaus
Published: December 2024

1. Perang dan penyebab langsungnya. 2. Perseteruan antara Toraja Timur dan To Kinadu. 3. Perseteruan Toraja Timur dengan To Wana dan To Loinang. 4. Pasukan besar dan kecil keluar. 5. Wanita dan perang. 6. Tuduhan (tadea). 7. Ajaibnya pengayauan. 8. Tetap akan netral. 9. Panggilan untuk bantuan. 10. Perlengkapan prajurit. Pedang. 11. Metode pengujian pedang. 12. Tombak dan perisai. 13. Senjata. 14. Busur dan anak panah. 15. Siapa tadulako itu? 16. Tadulako dihormati. 17. Larangan bagi tadulako. 18. Pekerjaan tadulako. 19. Pahala tadulak. 20. Tali cangkang (batu rangka). 21. Di mana tali kerang berasal. 22. Penggunaan untaian kerang. 23. Untaian kerang musuh. 24. Mimpi tentang untaian kerang. 25. Jimat (gongga) orang biasa. 26. Batu di gongga. 27. Benda lain di gongga. 28. Untaian Jimat (gongga) yang berasal dari hewan. 29. Obat perang. 30. Penetapan hari yang baik. 31. Mimpi. 32. Tumbuk perbekalan. 33. Hadiah yang menyertainya, bayari. 34. Ramalan dengan telur. 35. Meramalkan dengan ayam. 36. Ramalan dengan seekor anjing. 37. Ramalan dengan Untaian Ramalan. 38. Ramalan dengan bambu. 39. Pertanda sehubungan dengan keberangkatan. 40. Berpamitan di kuil. 41. Keberangkatan pasukan. 42. Suara burung. 43. Pertanda yang diberikan oleh hewan. Pentingnya fenomena alam. 44. Pemberian makanan pasukan dalam perjalanan ke musuh. 45. Kehidupan di bivak. 46. Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam perjalanan. 47. Mereka yang tetap tinggal di rumah. Morame. 48. Pandu. 49. Malapa manu. 50. Kembalinya pengintai. 51. Memanggil jiwa musuh. 52. Memasak nasi serangan. 53. Penjagaan perkemahan. 54. Bersumbunyi sebelum penyergapan. 55. Kecerobohan pihak-pihak yang bertikai. 56. Mengepung desa. 57. Keberanian. 58. Para wanita di desa diserang. 59. Kebingungan karena ketakutan (tontoa). 60. Desa yang terkepung. 61. Penyerahan desa. 62. Men-yimpulkan perdamaian. 63. Menjadikan persekutuan. 64. Kerugian dalam perang. 65. Apa yang dilakukan dengan orang yang terbunuh. 66. Gagal Sukses. Musala. 67. Kepala dan kulit kepala. 68. Apa yang dilakukan dengan tengkorak. 69. Apa yang dilakukan dengan kulit kepala. 70. Tawanan perang. 71. Tawanan perang di suku baru. 72. Pulang ke desa. 73. Takut pada jiwa (angga) orang yang terbunuh. 74. Pertemuan dengan desa-desa tertinggal. 75. Kesurupan. 76. Pembuatan towugi. 77. Memasuki kuil. Pesta kuil, moganda. 78. Pengembalian setelah ekspedisi yang gagal. 79. Merobu. 80. Moento. 81. Pesta pengayau (mompeleleka). 82. Towugi dibawa ke lobo. 83. Memerangi barang-barang pakaian. 84. Seruan roh desa (mesomba, mebao). 85. Tindakan terakhir dari pesta pengayauan (moarosi). 86. Akhir pesta. Motoe. 87. Penghargaan untuk pria.
BAB XVI. Kematian dan Pemakaman
Authors: Kruyt Albert C. , Schrauwers Albert
Published: December 2024

Tanda pada seseorang yang menunjukkan kematian dini. 2. Burung menubuatkan kematian seseorang. 3. Katak  sebagai pertanda kematian. 4. Tikus adalah jiwa kematian. 5. Ular sebagai pertanda kematian. 6. Hewan lain yang meramalkan kematian. 7. Berbagai tanda yang mengumumkan kematian. 8. Mimpi meramalkan kematian. 9. Penyebab kematian. 10. Meninggal di tempat asing. 11. Waktu kematian yang panjang. 12. Ranjang kematian. Meratapi orang mati. 13. Mengumumkan kematian kepada hewan peliharaan. 14. Tanda pada jenazah. 15. Jenazah dibaringkan.  16. Rambut dan kuku almarhum.  17. Tempat berbaring almarhum. Batuwali. 18. Persembahan untuk orang mati. 19. Mengawasi jenazah. 20. Jonjo awa. Molina. 21.  Indo i Bo'i. 22. Permainan lain yang berhubungan dengan penjagaan jenazah. 23. Peti mati. 24. Yang tidak boleh ikut membuat peti mati. 25. Tindakan pencegahan dalam membuat peti mati. 26. Menebang pohon. 27. Pembuatan peti mati. 28. Yang tidak mendapatkan peti mati. 29. Memasukkan jenazah ke dalam peti mati. 30. Apa yang dikirim bersama peti mati.  31. Besi tidak boleh ada di dalam peti mati.  32. Pengangkatan jenazah.  33. Apa yang harus diperhatikan sehubungan dengan pemindahannya. 34. Adat sehubungan dengan pemindahannya. 35. Menabur nasi. 36. Memutus hubungan dengan orang mati dan dengan kematian. Pengorbanan anjing. 37. Dalam perjalanan menuju tempat peristira-hatan terakhir. 38. Pemakaman di gubuk jenazah. 39. Menutup peti mati.  40. Tandoyae.  41. Mengambil pamit ke orang mati. 42. Cara lain untuk menyingkirkan jenazah. 43. Kuburan dan penguburan. 44. Kembalinya dari kubur. 45. Setelah penguburan.  46. Mata mpoli, “hari-hari terakhir berka-bung.”  47. Dukun sehubungan dengan kematian. 48. Pemakaman dukun wanita. 49. Perkabungan umum. 50. Pencabutan perkabungan umum. 51. Perkabungan khusus. Janda (duda) mengasingkan diri. 52. Janda (duda) pantang makan nasi. 53. Perkabungan janda diangkat. 54. Pengorbanan untuk almarhum. 55. Pesta untuk orang mati. Tujuan dari itu. 56. Asal muasal motengke . 57. Persiapan pesta. 58. Pengumpulan tulang orang mati (meparuru). 59. Apa yang dilakukan dengan tulang belulang. Tengkorak sebagai obat. 60. Penempatan bungkusan tulang. Topeng kematian (pemia). 61. Usungan jenazah yang dihias (solikaro). 62. Para dukun wanita yang memimpin. 63. Memanggil almarhum. 64. Litani orang mati. 65. Tarian dan nyanyian para pengunjung pesta. 66. Membawa orang mati ke kota jiwa. 67. Hari terakhir pesta. Montida wuku. Penghargaan para dukun wanita. 68. Memindahkan tulang. 69. Adat yang berbeda sehubungan dengan pesta kematian di antara beberapa suku.
Bab XIX: Peternakan
Authors: Kruyt Albert
Published: December 2024

1. Suku Toraja Bare’e dan anjing-anjingnya. 2. Pembiakan dan pembelian anjing. 3. Ciri-ciri pembeda pada anjing dan namanya. 4. Tingkah laku anjing mempunyai arti bagi manusia (measa). 5. Pengaruh magis anjing terhadap lingkungannya. 6. Anjing Pengorbanan. 7. Kucing sebagai hewan peliharaan. 8. Pengaruh magis kucing terhadap lingkungannya (measa). 9. Asal usul kerbau. 10. Suku Toraja dan kerbau-kerbaunya. 11. Tanda yang membedakan pada kerbau. 12. Nama-nama kerbau. 13. Penjinakan kerbau liar. 14. Penggembalaan kerbau. 15. Penyembelihan kerbau. 16. Pengobatan kerbau. 17. Peternakan babi. 18. Suku Toraja dan ayam-ayamnya. 19. Ayam adalah keturunan manusia. 20. Tingkah laku ayam (measa). 21. Kegunaan ayam yang ajaib. 22. Kambing.
La evolución de los superlativos absolutos cultos y populares en diferentes tradiciones discursivas (siglos XVI a XX)
Authors: Velando Casanova Mónica
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the evolution of the synthetic, standard and colloquial absolute superlatives in Spanish over five centuries (from the sixteenth to the twentieth) and in different discourse traditions (considering the perspective of distance and communicative immediacy). To this end, 26 pairs of superlatives have been studied in which there is an alternation between the colloquial and the standard form, of the type amiguísimo/amicísimo, buenísimo/bonísimo, noblísimo/nobilísimo, pobrísimo/paupérrimo…, in which the first expression represents the colloquial variant and the second, the standard.
Results show an increase in the use of the superlative over the centuries, with particular relevance in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and a predominance of the standard variant throughout the historical series. The study shows a crucial turn in the twentieth century, when the colloquial variant becomes the preferred option for the first time.
Moreover, the study reveals significant differences in the corpora analyzed. While formal texts opt for the standard superlative, informal discourse traditions favour colloquial voices. These results highlight the importance of corpus research in analyzing both formal texts and those closer to the orality of the time.
أثر الشاهد القرآني في إثبات صحة القاعدة النحوية عند الثمانيني (ت442هـ) في كتابه الفوائد والقواعد
Authors: كريم سوسن نعمان
Published: December 2024

أبو القاسم عمر بن ثابت بن إبراهيم بن عمر بن عبد الله الثمانيني (ت442هـ)، كان أحد أئمة العربية، وكان عالما بالنحو، عارفا بقواعده وأصوله ، له مصنفات كثيرة، ومن مصنفاته تلك (الفوائد والقواعد)، الذي نهج فيه منهجا سلسا واضحا في أمثلته وشواهده وقواعده ، لا تغمض فيه الألفاظ ، ولا تعتاص به الأساليب، والهدف من هذه الدراسة: هو معرفة مدى عناية الثمانيني بالشواهد القرآنية في كتابه (الفوائد والقواعد)، واستعماله لأغلب السور، ومدى اهتمامه بمصطلح الشاهد، واقتصاره على الشاهد القرآني في بعض الموضوعات النحوية وتقديمه في المسألة النحوية على الشواهد الأخرى ، واجتزاء موضع الشاهد ما يلائم القاعدة النحوية ، وما ورد من وجوه القراءات الصحيحة والشاذة منها، ويرجح الأنسب والافصح من القراءات ويبدي رأيه فيها، وأثر الشاهد في اثبات القاعدة النحوية وتقعيدها. كل هذا ليبين أثر القرآن الكريم في تقعيد القواعد النحوية، الذي يساعد في وضع الضوابط والمعايير الصحيحة والسليمة للنحو العربي عن طريق استناده للكثير من الشواهد القرآنية ؛ لغرض عرض المادة النحوية بشكل سلس يفيد المتعلّم .
The Spectacles of Violence in David Mamet’s Oleanna
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed Khudhur
Published: December 2024

Violence is the highest point reached by tensions as a consequence of clashing advantages. For the literary writings, it shows the essential framework of human feelings. Although critics a little bit drill down on violence, it is still a principal attribute of social communication among people. It is also typified by the physical practices of force on people. Its meaning includes not only its corporal aspect but also its psychological experiences. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of violence on characters’ feelings and emotions in David Mamet’s Oleanna. It also examines violence in its multifaceted shape: gender violence, class violence, and cultural violence. It takes into account the psychoanalytical approach to bring out the psychological influences of violence and exploitation in Western society, especially in the American establishments. Having related to violence, the paper tries to show the influence of variant outcomes of alienation, rape, searching for power and emotional turmoil. The significance of the research lies in throwing light on the issue of violence in the domain of campus theatre.
Estrangement, Violence , and Language of Deceit In Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party
Authors: Omer Ahmed Kawa Othman
Published: December 2024

Literary reviewers have given Printer's The Birthday Party much attention in the past ten years. This is primarily due to the dramatist’s challenge of the conventional method of character portrayal. However, the extent of the players' rhetorical style in the play as tools for deceit, manipulation and confusion has not received much attention from critics. Thus, the current research investigates the play’s violent and perplexing use of language by multiple characters in the play. Moreover, the research highlights the connection between characters’ lack of communication in a domestic space and the growing sense of estrangement by the main protagonist. Methodologically, the research focuses on close reading method, particularly the ‘Formalist Approach’. In so doing, the research specifically examines the rhetorical strategies used by the two primary antagonists in the play to linguistically subjugate and control the main protagonist. The research is significant, for it offers new reading of the text , particularly, the way language is used as a method of deception and manipulation by various characters.
THE EFFECT OF 7E STRATEGY ON PREPARATORY SCHOOL PUPILS’ ACHIEVMENT
Authors: Badie Muthana Mohammed , Rashid Nuha Abdullah
Published: December 2024

The current study aims at investigating the effect of 7E strategy on EFL Iraqi pupils' achievement. To achieve the aim of this research, the hypothesis is assumed to be established. Which is , there is no statistically significance difference between the mean score of the experimental group who is taught according to 7E strategy(elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate, extend) and the mean score of the control group who is taught according to the conventional method in post pupils’ achievement test. To carry out the aim of this research, and validate its hypothesis, a sample of sixty pupils have been randomly chosen from the forth-preparatory class in Om Al-Mumineen School for Girls, during the academic year 2023-2024. The two groups are equally divided into, group (A) represents experimental group that consists of (30) pupils who have been taught according to 7E strategy (elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate, extend). Group (B) signifies control group which also includes (30) pupils who have been taught according to the traditional method. Making a pre and post achievement test. Both groups have been equalized in such variables as English scores achievement in preceding schooling year, and the pre-test of both groups. Seven questions are composed to combine a post-test. The data collected from the results of posttest have been analyzed statistically by using t-test for measuring pupils’ achievement. The result shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught 7E strategy and control group who is taught conventional method in the posttest. This indicates that 7E strategy (elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate, extend) is more effective than the conventional strategy . The study ends up with some conclusions,
Metafiction in John Barth Giles Goat-Boy
Authors: Saleh Ammar Hashim
Published: December 2024

The current study attempts to investigate the concept of metafiction in John Barth Giles Goat-Boy. It tries to explore how Barth’s novel challenges traditional storytelling and promotes a more engaged and critical reading experience. The research employs parody as a form of intertextuality, in conjunction with unreliable narration, to critically examine Barth’s blurring of the distinctions between fiction and reality, ultimately obscuring the borders between the two and encouraging readers to actively interact with the story as a deliberately produced, self-referential piece of art. Barth’s deliberate blurring of the lines between fact and fiction pushes readers to critically examine the essence of storytelling while offering insights into present-day social and cultural matters. His integration of mythical themes and irony and his self-reflective commentary on the creative process are also studied as essential strategies.
Re-Reading Zadia Smith’s White Teeth through the lens of Lacanian Psychoanalysis
Authors: Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed , Hamad Reem Adnan
Published: December 2024

Zadie Smith's acclaimed novel White Teeth explores the complexities of identity, belonging, and cultural hybridity in multi-ethnic London. This paper offers a Lacanian psychoanalytic reading of the novel, delving into the ways in which Smith's characters grapple with the fragmented nature of the self and the elusive quest for a stable, unified identity. Lacanian psychoanalysis can provide a distinct and insightful understanding of the intergenerational and cultural conflicts depicted in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth. Therefore, the present study examines how the protagonists navigate the uncanny experience of confronting the inherent split and lack at the core of their being. It also explores how the characters' attempts to construct coherent identities are constantly undermined by the intrusion of the reality, the return of the repressed, and the inescapable influence of the symbolic structures that shape their subjectivities.
Estimation of Suspended Sediment Loads in Diyala River Watershed, Iraq, using SWAT Model
Authors: Khudier Ahmed S. , Hamdan Ahmed N. A.
Published: December 2024

Suspended sediment loads (SSL) transported from the watershed of the Diyala River (WODR) are the most important and dangerous forms of sediment as they drift to the stream flow of the Diyala River and are then transferred to the reservoirs of Hemren Dam (HD) and Derbendikhan Dam (DD), which are located in the study area, affecting the capacity storage of the reservoirs and reducing electrical energy production. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a hydrological model that can simulate the SSL distribution in the WODR to enable decision-makers to develop an appropriate plan to solve the sediment problem. In WODR, the data of SSL are very rare, as sediment measurements have not been conducted for more than 40 years. Due to the lack of historical data for sediment values for the study area and the need to reduce uncertainty, sediment measurements were conducted from November 2022 to April 2023. The motivation of the present study is to study and address the limitations imposed on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model during the estimation of SSL in the WODR that have scarce data and whose quality is inaccurate. The observed monthly flow data from two gauging stations, HD and DD, from January 2000 to April 2023 and suspended sediment concentration, which was measured in the field from November 2022 to April 2023, were used for calibration and validation of the model, respectively, using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) algorithm and SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedures (CUP). Statistically, using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent of bias (Pbias) the performance of the model was evaluated, with good agreement between observed and simulated values for both stream flow and SSL. The results showed that the values of the SSL in the WODR from January 2000 to April 2023 were equal to 115.240 t/ha/yr. Sub-basins 5 and 12 have the highest SSL values of 15.125 t/ha/yr and 9.098 t/ha/yr, respectively, and the most important factor in SSL formation is the slope of the land, with a correlation coefficient (R2=0.94).
Baodun Culture in the Context of the Emergence of Rice Cultivation in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Girchenko Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

The Baodun culture, localized on the Chengdu Plain of the Sichuan Basin, is dated to the 3rd–early 2nd millennium BCЕ. The subject of this study is new data on the culture from the excavations of 2021–2023, which showed that the ancient people of Baodun practiced paddy rice cultivation, which apparently formed the basis of their diet in combination with millet cultivation. Gathering and hunting provided additional resources. The new data initiated a discussion related to the origin of the apparently non-local Baodun culture. It is possible that the Baodun culture developed around 4700–4500 BP based on migrations from the northwestern regions of modern Gansu and Qinghai, however, archaeobotanical conclusions for both millet and rice suggest a connection with other regions - in the southeast of China. The latest interdisciplinary research from 2021 – 2023 made it possible not only to describe the culture in general, its constituent elements and ongoing changes, but also to characterize the dynamics of the economic development of the ancient population of the Sichuan Basin. Based on the analysis of publications in Chinese, the author analyzes the main problems of the Baodun culture investigations - its origin, type of economy, initial points of migration, architectural tradition and the phenomenon of early fortified settlements in southwest China, the evolution of ceramics, which became the basis for the internal division of the culture into stages. It has been established that the settlements of the Baodun culture significantly outnumber any sites of earlier times. This population growth probably continued until all suitable lands were developed, the next stage was the intensification of subsistence farming methods, which ultimately led to the complication of the social structure of the ancient inhabitants of the Sichuan Basin approximately 700-500 years before the appearance of the Sanxingdui bronze culture.
On the question of the main cultural philosophical idea of A. I. Solzhenitsyn's epic «The Red Wheel»
Authors: Makarchuk Ivan Yur'evich
Published: December 2024

The article examines the main cultural and philosophical idea of the work as a phenomenon that translates in a concentrated form the main line of thought of the writer, as well as the philosophical and cultural essence that the writer laid down and implemented in the corresponding work. The subject of the study is the epic of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "The Red Wheel", the purpose of the study is to construct the main cultural philosophical idea of the work in question. The author focuses on the theoretical and applied significance of the search for cultural and philosophical ideas embedded in "iconic" literary and artistic works. This kind of search not only contributes to the enrichment of the "knowledge" potential of the theory and history of culture, but also can become the basis for the formation of state cultural policy, for example, in the field of education, patriotic education, interethnic communication. At the same time, the search for cultural and philosophical ideas should be based on modern methodological approaches and take into account the context of current socio-cultural realities. The research used general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction, logical and historical approaches), as well as methods traditionally used in cultural philosophical research: cultural analysis and the method of cultural philosophical tradition. In the article, the author states that the ten–volume epic "The Red Wheel" is the main literary work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn, which accumulated the rest of his works to an appropriate extent and is dedicated to the Russian revolution and the fate of Russia in a difficult period of its history. In this work, the writer addressed the "eternal" social problems through the prism of history, culture and philosophy.
Linguistic and Cultural Untranslatability of Translating Russian Folktales Into Chinese From the Perspective of Translation Hermeneutics
Authors: Liu Shirao
Published: December 2024

Russian folk tales are of great cultural and literary value. Language used in these stories often performs specific aesthetic and didactic functions, while fictional character created in these works have become a part of the national culture, which distinguishes Russian folktales from other texts. However, this also makes it difficult to translate such stories into foreign languages, in particular, Chinese, main cause of which lays in the problem of untranslatability. The object of this study is Russian folktales in Russian-Chinese translation combination, the subject is the cases of untranslatability in translating Russian fairytales into Chinese. Methods of description, comparison and categorization are used in this research. While translating “The Magic Swan Geese”, “The Realms of Copper, Silver and Gold” and “Father Frost” into Chinese, author of this study divides the showed untranslatability into four categories – phonological and stylistic untranslatability, lexical and grammatical untranslatability, cultural untranslatability of precedent words and cultural untranslatability of abstract concepts – and suggests specific solutions to improve the translation text in each situation. Firstly, it’s important to preserve the plot and distinctive characters instead of the form of source language or the rhythm of the original text. Secondly, when translating such foreign culture-loaded words as Baba-Yaga, the Magic swan geese or Father Frost, translator should understand the main characteristics of these images or personas in the Russian cultural context. Simple transcription is inappropriate. Last but not least, the translation work is also positively influenced by extra-linguistic factors, such as the friendly exchange between countries. In conclusion, the purpose of translating Russian folktales into Chinese is not to completely overcome the problem of untranslatability, but to better understand the meaning of the original text and reproduce it for the Chinese readers.
Features of the functioning of the union combination "a to eshe" (more)
Authors: Starodumova Elena Alekseevna , Luk'yanova Viktoriya Viktorovna
Published: December 2024

This article is a fragment of the general theme "The particle is still in stable combinations." The subject of the study is the union combination "or else" (more) in Russian language, not recorded in lexicographic sources, but quite common in modern speech, as evidenced by the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRR). In terms of syntagmatic activity, it is still significantly superior to other particles. There are many official formations that include the particle "more", in particular combinations with unions. Such combinations have varying degrees of stability – from free combinations to phraseologized formations that function as an integral union. The latter case is represented, for example, by a union "and even" in an aggravating sense. The main research method is the traditional descriptive one, which includes the following techniques: observation, generalization and systematization of linguistic phenomena. In addition, the method of contextual analysis was used in the work, as well as a corpus method of collecting research material. As a result of the analysis of the linguistic material (more than 1,300 uses from the NKRJ), it was found that the conjunction "and that" (more) in the studied combination is used in two main meanings – alternative motivation and separative (mutual exclusion). The multivalued particle "also" has two meanings in these combinations: the undesirability of the assumed, possible, corresponding to an alternative motivation, and the value of the addition corresponding to the separation. In the two highlighted values of the union combination, "or else" each component performs a specific function. In the first meaning, which can be schematically represented as "and that + more", the conjunction and that expresses the meaning of alternative motivation, and the particle emphasizes this meaning and introduces an emotional coloring. In the second meaning, we can talk about a stable combination of something else, where something else has a separating value, and the particle still expresses the value of addition. The results obtained can be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of service words.
Digital communications in the "e-commerce" segment
Authors: Gurushkin Pavel Yurievich
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the role and importance of digital communications in the e-commerce segment in Russia. The main object of the research is the current trends and digital marketing tools used by online stores to increase customer loyalty and engagement. The study highlights the importance of personalizing interaction with the audience through social media, email marketing, SEO, native advertising and other ways of digital and convergent interaction. Special attention is paid to the impact of mobile technologies on the growth of the e-commerce market. The work also focuses on the prospects for further development of digital communications in the face of growing competition and constant changes in the needs of the audience. First of all, the research is focused on the specifics of the Russian digital communications market, but taking into account the experience and practice of foreign companies and audiences. Based on the analysis of secondary data, statistical indicators are considered, such as the growth of the e-commerce market in Russia, the share of online orders via mobile devices, as well as data on consumer behavior based on research conducted by Online Market Intelligence, Romir and others. The scientific novelty of this study lies in a detailed analysis of modern digital communication methods used in the Russian segment of e-commerce, taking into account the influence of mobile technologies and the specifics of the Russian market. The study shows the uniqueness of digital strategies adapted for the Russian consumer, including an emphasis on personalization, content marketing and the use of platforms such as VKontakte and Telegram, which has become especially important in the conditions of unavailability of some international services. The main conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of using digital tools such as SEO, email marketing and SMM to retain and attract customers. The effectiveness of digital strategies is ensured through a personalized approach that allows online stores not only to increase consumer loyalty, but also to strengthen the brand in the face of growing competition.
The toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank"
Authors: Kuzemina Iuliia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank". The subject of the study is a toponym as a nomination of a geographical object. The following methods were used in the research process: continuous sampling, field research, quantitative analysis, semantic analysis, functional analysis, contextual analysis. The result of this work is the compilation of classifications of toponyms included in the toponymic space of the novel "The Moscow Crank", based on the frequency of their use, the degree of reality / occasionality, semantics and the designated object. The field of application of the research results is fundamental and applied research in the field of philology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out.  The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out. As a result of the work done, it was concluded that the core of the toponymic space of the novel is the toponym Moscow, which unites around itself numerous urbanonyms associated with this city and toponyms of various types, opposed to the core of the toponymy of the work. The results obtained can be used both in further research on the analysis of Moscow microtoponymy and macrotoponymy, and for the general analysis of the onomastic and, in particular, the toponymic system of the Russian language. The results of this study also reveal the peculiarities of the influence of extralinguistic factors, in particular, cultural and socio-political factors on the development and change of both the form and semantics of geographical names.