bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High charge carrier storage capacity and wide range X-rays to infrared photon sensing in LiLuGeO4:Bi3+,Ln3+ (Ln = Pr, Tb, or Dy) for anti-counterfeiting and information storage applications
Authors: Huang Peiran , Wen Zuhui , Yu Yue , Xiao Jingyi , Wei Zhanhua , Lyu Tianshuai
Published: November 2022

This work not only reports Bi3+ and/or Ln3+ doped LiLuGeO4 storage phosphors with excellent charge carrier storage capacity for information storage, but also deepens our understanding on afterglow and storage phosphors and luminescence mechanisms.
Efficient β-alkylation of secondary alcohols to α-substituted ketones catalyzed by functionalized Ir complexes via borrowing hydrogen in water
Authors: Liu Xin , Dong Wen-Zhe , Li Yang , Yu Xiaoqiang , Wang Wan-Hui , Himeda Yuichiro , Bao Ming
Published: November 2022

Highly efficient and selective alkylation via borrowing hydrogen in water was achieved with a functional Ir complex bearing an amidate ligand. The significant cooperation effect of the ligand on the high efficiency and selectivity was demonstrated.
Decatungstate-mediated desulfonylative allylation and diacrylation using aldehydes/alkanes and allylic sulfones
Authors: Zhao Jing-Feng , Wang Hua , Wang Hai-Bo , Tian Qin-Qin , Zhang Yong-Qiang , Feng Hai-Tao , He Wei
Published: November 2022

An easily tunable protocol for desulfonylative allylation and diacrylation using aldehydes/alkanes and allylic sulfones catalyzed by TBADT is reported.
Innovative localized surface plasmon resonance sensing technique for a green spectrofluorimetric assay of ketoprofen, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids
Authors: Abdallah Nora A. , Fathy Mona E. , Tolba Manar M. , El-Brashy Amina M. , Ibrahim Fawzia A.
Published: November 2022

A green, quick and sensitive spectrofluorimetric technique was investigated and validated for the assay of three different drugs namely, ketoprofen (KPN), paracetamol (PAR), and chlorzoxazone (CLX).
Ultra-low detection limit chemoresistive NO2 gas sensor using single transferred MoS2 flake: an advanced nanofabrication
Authors: Hong Hoang Si , Hoang Tran Vinh , Huong Nguyen Thanh , Nam Nguyen Hoang , Thinh Dao Duc , Hue Nguyen Thi , Thuan Nguyen Duc
Published: November 2022

In this work, a method of fabricating a NO2 nano-sensor working at room temperature with a low detectable concentration limit is proposed.
Evaluation of amine-based solid adsorbents for direct air capture: a critical review
Authors: Panda Debashis , Kulkarni Vaishnavi , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: November 2022

Direct air capture (DAC) is an emerging technology with the potential to achieve net zero carbon goals. This review highlights various aspects and recent developments in the area of direct air CO2capture over amine-modified porous solid adsorbents.
Spin state dependent peroxidase activity of heme bound amyloid β peptides relevant to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nath Arnab Kumar , Roy Madhuparna , Dey Chinmay , Dey Abhishek , Dey Somdatta Ghosh
Published: November 2022

Low-spin heme-Aβ forms stable compound 0 and compound I in the presence of H2O2 where compound I is responsible for its substantial peroxidase activity. This compound I also oxidizes neurotransmitters which is a typical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Experimental assignment of long-range magnetic communication through Pd & Pt metallophilic contacts
Authors: Larsen Emil M. H. , Bonde Niels A. , Weihe Høgni , Ollivier Jacques , Vosch Tom , Lohmiller Thomas , Holldack Karsten , Schnegg Alexander , Perfetti Mauro , Bendix Jesper
Published: November 2022

The magnetic interaction pathway is experimentally assigned by inelastic neutron scattering in paramagnetic dimers bridged by metallophilic interactions. The magnetic interaction is much stronger via Pt–Pt-bridges than across Pd–Pd-bridges.
Size-modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck approach for modeling a local electrode environment in CO2electrolysis
Authors: Butt Esaar Naeem , Padding Johan T. , Hartkamp Remco
Published: November 2022

A continuum-scale model for CO2ER is presented, including steric effects of both solute and solvent species along with Frumkin-corrected kinetics. The model gives accurate concentration profiles and experimentally verifiable current density results.
Creating an electron-rich region on ultrafine Bi2O3 nanoparticles to boost the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formate
Authors: Zhan Jiayu , Zhang Lu-Hua , Wang Xueli , Hu Yuqi , Jiang Yi , Yu Fengshou
Published: November 2022

Metal–support interfacial interactions can enrich the electron density of Bi2O3 effectively facilitating *COO intermediate generation and boosting catalytic activity.
Self-passivation hole-transporting materials with pyridine-containing cores for antimony chalcogenide solar cells studied under dopant-free conditions
Authors: Xu Shuangting , Wu Jing , Guo Fuling , Wu Miaomiao , Chen Sijian , Chen Wangchao , Shi Chengwu
Published: November 2022

The pyridine heterocycle was applied as a passivation group for Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells for the first time. Pyridine-containing HTMs could decrease the number of interfacial defects and improve the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability.
Enabling a compatible Li/garnet interface via a multifunctional additive of sulfur
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Saisai , Song Shaokang , Liu Jintao , Li Zhaolin , Zhao Hailei
Published: November 2022

An intimate Li/garnet interface with an extended charge transfer area is constructed for improving the electrochemical performance of garnet-type solid-state batteries.
Roles of the self-reconstruction layer in the catalytic stability of a NiFeP catalyst during the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Fuzhen , Mao Xinyu , Zheng Xin , Liu Huicong , Zhu Liqun , Li Weiping , Wang Ze , Chen Haining
Published: November 2022

Due to the synergistic effect between NiFeP and the self-reconstruction layer, the stability of a NiFeP catalyst during the oxygen evolution reaction is determined by the surface-adhesion O2 bubbles rather than atomic dissolution.
Iridium single-atom catalyst coupled with lattice oxygen activated CoNiO2for accelerating the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Meng-Qi , Zhou Kai-Ling , Wang Chao , Zhang Man-Chen , Wang Chang-Hao , Ke Xiaoxing , Chen Ge , Wang Hao , Wang Ru-Zhi
Published: November 2022

An Ir single atom catalyst supported by oxygen vacancy-modulated CoNiO2is constructed (IrSA-VO-CoNiO2), in which the oxygen vacancy coupling with Ir atoms in CoNiO2facilitates the participation of lattice oxygens in OER.
Understanding the active formation of a cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer with energy level band bending for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing
Published: November 2022

Downward band bending induced by the migration of positive charges (Li+) to the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer after electrochemical cycling.
Nanocrystalline CoOxglass for highly-efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Feng Jinxian , Qiao Lulu , Zhou Pengfei , Bai Haoyun , Liu Chunfa , Leong Chon Chio , Chen Yu-Yun , Ip Weng Fai , Ni Jun , Pan Hui
Published: November 2022

We report that the nanocrystalline CoOxglass composed of mixed amorphous parts and crystalline domains shows high-performance for electrochemical hydrogen production because of the synergistic effects among the nanocrystals and amorphous matrix.
Engineered nanostructures within sol–gel bioactive glass for enhanced bioactivity and modulated drug delivery
Authors: Mukundan Lakshmi M. , Nirmal S. Remya , Kumar Nikhil , Dhara Santanu , Chattopadhyay Santanu
Published: November 2022

Infusion of apatite nanocrystals into non-crystalline glass matrix was achieved. The nanocrystalline domains are well dispersed and embedded along the hierarchically positioned mesopores.
Dopant-compensated Cs2AgBiBr6−xClx single crystals for photo-imaging and X-ray detection
Authors: Shao Qi , Yan Jun , Gong Weiqiang , Li Yan , Gao Feng , Wang Baoning , Li Lin
Published: November 2022

A facile Cl ion doping method is developed for growing low trap state density double perovskite single crystals. Benefitting from the excellent crystal quality, the detector shows high performance in both photodetection and X-ray detection.
Universal surface tailoring of perovskite nanocrystals via organic pseudohalide ligands applicable to green and blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ko Jaewan , Je Hyeondoo , Kim Kitae , Eom Taejun , Joung Joonyoung F. , Park Sungnam , Bang Joona , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: November 2022

The universal organic pseudohalide treatment applicable to both green and sky-blue LEDs presented in this study promises superior photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties.
The importance of a multidimensional approach to the preclinical study of major depressive disorder and apathy
Authors: Jackson Megan G. , Robinson Emma S. J.
Published: November 2022

Both the neuropsychiatric syndrome of apathy and major depressive disorder comprise a heterogenous cluster of symptoms which span multiple behavioural domains. Despite this heterogeneity, there is a tendency in the preclinical literature to conclude a MDD or apathy-like phenotype from a single dimensional behavioural task used in isolation, which may lead to inaccurate phenotypic interpretation. This is significant, as apathy and major depressive disorder are clinically distinct with different underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches. At the clinical level, apathy and major depressive disorder can be dissociated in the negative valence (loss) domain of the Research Domain Criteria. Symptoms of MDD in the negative valence (loss) domain can include an exaggerated response to emotionally salient stimuli and low mood, while in contrast apathy is characterised by an emotionally blunted state. In this article, we highlight how using a single dimensional approach can limit psychiatric model interpretation. We discuss how integrating behavioural findings from both the positive and negative (loss) valence domains of the Research Domain Criteria can benefit interpretation of findings. We focus particularly on behaviours relating to the negative valence (loss) domain, which may be used to distinguish between apathy and major depressive disorder at the preclinical level. Finally, we consider how future approaches using home cage monitoring may offer a new opportunity to detect distinct behavioural profiles and benefit the overall translatability of findings.
A novel preview control for MLD models and its neural network approximation for real‐time implementation: Application to semi‐active vibration control of a vehicle suspension
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Hiramoto Kazuhiko
Published: November 2022

Advances in image processing technology have made it possible to measure the surface shape of the road ahead while driving. A new semi‐active suspension control method considering the forward road surface shape is proposed. A vehicle model equipped with a semi‐active suspension can be expressed as an mixed logical dynamical model. When the shape of the road ahead can be measured, the information on future disturbances is available before the vehicle undergoes. In this paper, the finite time optimization problem for the mixed logical dynamical model is formulated to consider the future disturbances as a mixed integer quadratic programming problem in the same way as the conventional control problem without future disturbance. However, the mixed integer quadratic programming problem is hard to obtain the control action within the control cycle period required in the real‐time vibration control with general computers for vehicles. In this paper, the reduction of the computational load is achieved by constructing an approximation function of the designed controller. A neural network is adopted for the approximation. The performance evaluation of the proposed method is evaluated by simulations. In the simulation study, the proposed method achieves better ride comfort with the equivalent suspension stroke compared to the traditional methods.
A novel brushless de‐excitation system for synchronous generators using a buck chopper with a freewheeling discharge resistor
Authors: Ngaleu Gildas Martial , Yeremou Aurélien Tamtsia , Kom Charles Hubert , Eke Samuel , Nanfak Arnaud
Published: November 2022

A new de‐excitation system for advanced brushless excitation based on a synchronous generator is presented. The proposed system uses a discharge resistor in series with a freewheeling diode of a buck chopper. It improves the reliability of the entire power plant and can be used on several excitation systems. It can be used in case of programmed shutdown of the generator and also shows good results in voltage regulation without destroying the efficiency of the excitation system under nominal operation. An analysis of the system has allowed us to suggest a methodology to obtain the appropriate value of the discharge resistance to be used. The validation of the proposed system has been done through simulations in the Matlab/Simulink environment, supported by experimental tests.
A novel computer vision‐based approach for monitoring safety harness use in construction
Authors: Xu Zhijing , Huang Jiajing , Huang Kan
Published: November 2022

Falling from a height is the most common accident on construction sites. Vision‐based techniques can be used to automatically monitor the construction sites and give early warnings. In this study, a lightweight object detection method, Efficient‐YOLOv5, was proposed for detecting whether workers are wearing safety harnesses when working at height. Furthermore, a matching‐recheck strategy was proposed to improve the mean average precision (mAP). The safety status evaluation model was designed to evaluate the safety status of workers in different construction scenarios. An edge computing‐based security monitoring and alarm system suitable for deployment on construction sites was proposed to assist manual management. Efficient‐YOLOv5 was trained and evaluated on our newly created dataset. Experiments demonstrated that our proposed method outperformed other comparison methods, as the precision and recall rates were 97.7% and 89.3%, respectively. The mAP was 94%. The rate of frames per second (FPS) was 72, which met real‐time application requirements. Thus, the proposed method could easily be applied in the construction industry.
Dual-acceptor alloy model delivers high detection performance of organic NIR detectors for real-time arterial pulse monitoring
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , He Zeyu , Cao Luye , Yu Xin , Tao Silu
Published: November 2022

Near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR-OPDs) have significant potential in the fields of human sign monitoring, industrial defect detection, and military. We propose a method to construct high-performance NIR-OPDs by introducing narrow-band acceptor materials with very similar structures in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) so that they form an alloy model during the film formation process, which in turn promotes the generation and dissociation of photogenerated excitons to achieve high-performance NIR detectors. Here, we choose the narrow-band materials IEICO-4F and IEICO-4Cl as dual-acceptors and PTB7-Th as the donor to construct NIR-OPDs. Benefiting from the alloy model formation, the dark current of the device is significantly suppressed compared with the binary control, while the photocurrent of the device is enhanced. The optimized NIR-OPD achieved a detectivity of more than 2.6×1012 Jones at -0.1V bias. With the optimized device performance, we can clearly monitor the human arterial pulse information, and the phases of the cardiac cycle of the heart can be accurately identified. This work demonstrates a new method for constructing highperformance NIR-OPDs and shows great potential for contactless human arterial pulse monitoring.
Study on ultrasonic / hydraulic cavitation field for enhanced degradation of ceflor masonry in water
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Shi Yahui
Published: November 2022

Based on ultrasonic cavitation, with low concentration of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution and cavitation product analysis, the degradation rules of levofloxacin hydrochloride were studied by ultrasonic, zero valent iron and zero valence iron (US / Fe0). The results showed that zero-valent iron promotes the degradation of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution by ultrasonic cavitation, and the degradation reaction fits the first-order reaction kinetic model, with a degradation rate constant of 6.3710-3min-1. Under the reaction conditions, the biodegradability of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution was significantly improved, and after 270min minutes of the reaction, the solution BOD5 / CODcr was increased from 0 to 0.421.
MSPoisDM: A Novel Peptide Identification Algorithm Optimized for Tandem Mass Spectra
Authors: Zhu Simin , Yang Chuanjie , Wu Wenya
Published: November 2022

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) plays an extremely important role in proteomics research. Thousands of spectra can be generated in modern experiments, how to interpret the LC-MS/MS is a challenging problem in tandem mass spectra analysis. Our peptide identification algorithm, MSPoisDM, is integrated the intensity information which produced by target-decoy statistics, although intensity information often undervalued. Furthermore, in order to combine the intensity information for better, we propose a novel concept scoring model which based on Poisson distribution. Compared with commonly used commercial software Mascot and Sequest at 1% FDR, the results show MSPoisDM is robust and versatile for various datasets which obtained from different instruments. We expect our algorithm MSPoisDM will be broadly applied in the proteomics studies.
Possible relationship between the somatic mutations and the formation of cancers
Authors: Cao Yixuan
Published: November 2022

Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases and has been studied for more than 3 thousand years (earliest records of cancer research is 1500BC). But there are still insufficient number of efficient treatments for cancer. This is a review started with introducing the cancer and somatic mutations by explaining the hallmarks of cancer, followed by, the discussion of few types of mutations, which may be potential targets regarding to the therapeutic treatments. Also, some potential targets related to those mutations are listed, such as, pRb proteins with its two subunits (p130 and p107), reverse transcriptase telomerase (TERT), shelterin complex and so on. The statement “cancer is caused by accumulation of somatic mutations” can be supported by the positive correlation between cancer and age. In addition, some mutations, which have contribution on increasing mutation frequencies, has been proved to be the factors of cancer. For example, xeroderma pigmentosum, mutations on DNA MMR rep air and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This overview of the relationship between cancer and those somatic mutations, which may provide potentials for further cancer treatments.
Intervention Effect Study on Recovery Effect of Cold Bath after Resistance Training
Authors: Ma Qi , Kong Jiayang
Published: November 2022

In sports practice, cold water baths are increasingly used by athletes and practitioners to relieve post-exercise fatigue and accelerate the recovery of physiological functions and athletic ability. Various cold bathing schemes with different water temperature and time combinations used in previous studies can all produce a certain recovery effect, but it is still difficult to determine the appropriate cold bathing scheme that is conducive to short-term recovery. Its relatively good recovery effect is sought under the condition that the time combination is controlled. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of an intervention on the recovery effect of cold water baths after resistance training. The research in this paper will use literature method, experimental method and mathematical statistics method to sort out the existing literature data, and carry out experimental research on the basis of the existing research results. Physiological function and the recovery effect of the ability to exercise again in a short period of time, explore its mechanism, and provide a reference for the practical application of cold water bathing. Experiments have shown that different cold bath programs have different intervention effects after resistance training, which can increase the recovery effect by about 10% and shorten the recovery time.
The Effect and Clinical Analysis of Biochemical Test in The Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Tan Xingjun , Zhang Cong
Published: November 2022

To study the effect and clinical analysis of the application of chemical test in the diagnosis of diabetes. A total of 80 patients who came to a hospital for diabetes diagnosis from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given routine examination, and the experimental group was given biochemical test. The test results of the two groups were compared and analyzed. For patients requiring diabetes diagnosis, patients in the experimental group used a biochemical test, including fasting blood glucose, two-hours postprandial blood glucose, glucose tolerance, triglycerides, and hemoglobin. The accuracy of the test results in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The application of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of diabetes can effectively provide doctors with diagnostic information, and the data is accurate, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
A large-scale prediction of protein-protein interactions based on random forest and matrix of sequence
Authors: Wang Kenan , Zhao Xiaoman , Wang Xue
Published: November 2022

Protein-protein interaction (PPIs) is an important part of many life activities in organisms, and the prediction of protein-protein interactions is closely related to protein function, disease occurrence, and disease treatment. In order to optimize the prediction performance of protein interactions, here a RT-MOS model was constructed based on Random Forest (RF) and Matrix of Sequence (MOS) to predict protein-protein interactions. Firstly, MOS is used to encode the protein sequences into a 29-dimensional feature vector; Then, a prediction model RT-MOS is build based on random forest, and the RT-MOS model is optimized and evaluated using the test set; Finally, the optimized model RT-MOS is used for prediction. The experimental results show that the accuracy rates of the RT-MOS model on the benchmark dataset and the non-redundant dataset are 97.18% and 91.34%, respectively, and the accuracies on four external datasets of C.elegans, Drosophila, E.coli and H.sapiens are 96.21%, 97.86%, 97.54% and 97.75%, respectively. Compared with the existing methods, it is found that it is superior to the existing methods. The experimental results show that the model RT-MOS has the advantages of saving time, preventing overfitting and high accuracy, and is suitable for large-scale PPIs prediction.
High-throughput hemodialysis on the clinical efficacy and micro-inflammatory state, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, heart and kidney function in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Guan Huai , Yang Juan , Xiang Jilian , Yang Gaixia , Yang Jun , Fu Runjun
Published: November 2022

To compare the clinical efficacy, heart and kidney function, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, serological indicators, and the effects of micro-inflammatory status after two hemodialysis treatments to evaluate the best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. According to the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, collected in the Department of Nephrology, third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, patients were selected and received treatment between July 2019 and July 2021. A total of 60 cases were randomized. The urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine (Scr), calcium and phosphorus metabolism levels, inflammation-related factors, and serum-related indicators of the two groups of patients before and after the treatment were detected for half a year. The effective rate (83.33%) of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (66.67%). After treatment, the iPTH, β2-MG, Hcy of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and ALB was higher than that of the control group. The inflammation-related index observation group was significantly lower than the control However, the difference in Scr and BNU index levels between the two groups of patients after treatment was not so obvious that they could not be evaluated. In terms of all indicators and parameters, high-flux hemodialysis can better treat ESRD and improve the heart and kidney function of patients.
The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on protein-polyphenol interactions in dairy systems
Authors: Gao Ming
Published: November 2022

The application of polyphenols in dairy products is becoming more widespread due to the rich protein content of dairy products reacting with polyphenols. Many studies have pointed to the positive effects of polyphenol-protein binding on dairy products. This article illustrated the mechanisms of how polyphenols react with proteins. The effects of the combination of the polyphenols and protein were described in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as well as the effects on food properties. Moreover, specific examples of the use of polyphenols in dairy products will also be proposed. Importantly, based on the reported findings, future processes that exploit and develop this interaction can be considered to enable the targeting of polyphenols and proteins in dairy products to secure a range of industrial benefits.
Screening of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Against Colorectal Cancer Based on Different Oxygen Environments in Vitro
Authors: Xie Jiayin
Published: November 2022

With the deepening of tumor research, the concept of the tumor microenvironment has gradually come into people’s view. A significant characteristic of the microenvironment is hypoxic. A large number of vitro experiments have confirmed that hypoxic environments can induce angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, changes in drug sensitivity, and tumor metastasis. Now, chemosensitivity tests are all carried out under normoxic conditions. Therefore, some scholars have pointed out that if it is possible to simulate the hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment during the chemosensitivity tests in vitro, it may be able to match better the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on killing tumor cells in vivo. This study clarified the differences in the chemosensitivity for colorectal cancer cells in normoxic and hypoxic environments. The result of CCK-8 detections has shown that the toxicity of drugs to cells is much higher under normoxic conditions. To further figure out the different mechanisms of the chemotherapy drugs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, we conducted cellular uptake analysis and western blot, which demonstrated that the uptake of Doxorubicin in normoxic cells was significantly higher than that in hypoxic cells. While the result of the western blot has shown that the expression of VDAC (Voltage-dependent anion channel) and cleaved caspase-3 is higher under normoxic conditions. This study provides a specific basis for future research on the chemosensitivity of chemotherapy drugs in hypoxic environments.
Electrocatalysis with quantum chemistry
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kalishankar
Published: November 2022

The following article presents a brief introduction to modeling an electrochemical reaction. Two crucial concepts, oxidation-reduction and acid-base reactions, are briefly illustrated to understand the structural changes of the electro-catalyst. These two concepts are applied to compute the stability of catalysts for electrochemical reactions from the density functional theory calculations.
Nuclear energy basics
Authors: Leray S.
Published: November 2022

In the first part of the paper, the basic features of nuclear fission and fusion energy are addressed. In the second part, an overview of energy consumption in the world is presented, which highlights the growing need for electricity from non-CO2 emitting sources, among which nuclear power is expected to play a role. The perspectives for the future of nuclear energy are then discussed, showing that it develops mostly in emerging countries and the small modular reactors are likely to have an increasing role. The third part is devoted to the question of nuclear waste management and to the non-radioactive environmental impact of nuclear energy in comparison with other sources of energy.
Energy from nuclear fission
Authors: Ripani M.
Published: November 2022

The physics of nuclear fission will be briefly illustrated, from the basic mechanism behind this phenomenon to the relevant physical quantities like nuclear cross sections, neutron flux and reaction products, together with the accompanying phenomenon of neutron capture and its role in determining how the fuel transforms in a nuclear reactor. The basic concepts underlying the operation of diﬀerent types of nuclear reactors will be illustrated, along with the concept of fuel cycle. The aspects of radioactive waste, fuel resources and safety will also be briefly illustrated.
Fusion: a true challenge for an enormous reward
Authors: Ongena J.
Published: November 2022

A source of energy which would be inexhaustible, inherently safe and environmentally friendly, is this not a marvellous prospect? Nuclear fusion is a possible candidate for this role. It has been the energy source of our Sun and the stars in the universe for billions of years. The process requires temperatures of tens of millions of degrees, so extremely high and foreign to our daily experience that it seems out of reach. Nevertheless, these extremely high temperatures are routinely realised in several laboratories all over the world. Since the early 1990s, tens of MW of fusion power have been released from fusion reactions. Progress in the last years shows that fusion holds the promise to be a clean and safe solution for mankind’s long-term energy needs. We are witnessing the birth of a new technology destined to meet the gigantic future energy needs of mankind with minimal impact on the environment.
Robust, distributed and optimal control of smart grids
Authors: Machado Juan E. , Ahmed Saeed , Scherpen Jacquelien M. A. , Cucuzzella Michele
Published: November 2022

These lecture notes provide an overview of recent research on the modeling and control of smart grids using distributed algorithms. In particular, energy-based modeling of general AC power networks using the framework of port-Hamiltonian systems theory is presented, and the relevance of such a formulation for stability analysis and control design is discussed. Low-level control design aspects (at a physical layer) for DC microgrids are also considered, achieving objectives such as fair load sharing among distributed generation units and (average) voltage regulation using limited data and measurements from the system. Finally, general frameworks for the optimal control of smart grids are introduced to consider both physical and economic constraints and exploit the flexibility brought up by storage devices and demand response from the grid’s prosumers.
In-Can vitrification of ALPS slurries from Fukushima Daiichi effluent treatment using DEM&MELT technology
Authors: Vernay Aliénor , Michel Caroline , Hollebecque Jean-François , Nonnet Hélène , Fournier Maxime , Didierlaurent Régis
Published: November 2022

After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, a large amount of contaminated water was treated using several decontamination systems with different natures of adsorbents and chemicals. The resulting wastes, called Fukushima Effluent Treatment Wastes (FETW), were stored at the Fukushima Dai-ichi site. Vitrification could be the most promising treatment method to package these wastes. The consortium gathering CEA, Orano, ECM Technologies and ANDRA, implemented an in situ, robust, simple and versatile In-Can vitrification process, the DEM&MELT technology. Since 2018, the applicability of this technology for FETW treatment and conditioning has been evaluated. In 2021–2022, studies focused on one particular waste, coming from the ALPS system (Advanced Liquid Processing System-Multi Radionuclides Removal) generating around 70%vol. of FETW. This waste is composed of two co-precipitation slurries: one mainly composed of iron hydroxide, and one of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The purpose of this article is to highlight the feasibility of ALPS slurries vitrification with DEM&MELT, relying on tests performed from laboratory-scale to full-scale. Macroscopically homogeneous glasses were produced using the DEM&MELT demonstrator, with a waste loading of 60 wt.% (expressed as waste dry mass) and microstructural analyses were performed. It gives promising results for FETW conditioning with the DEM&MELT process.
Frustrated total internal reflection: the Newton experiment revisited
Authors: Cluzel Benoit , De Fornel Frédérique
Published: November 2022

Three centuries ago, Isaac Newton reported the experimental observation of the tunnelling of a light ray between two prisms separated by a small gap once one of them was shinned in total internal reflection. This article describes a modern revisit of this seminal Newton’s experiment, generally known as the Frustrated Total Internal Reflection. This experiment was created in the framework of a series of lectures about near-field optics and nanophotonics for Master students. During a 4h lab work session, the students are running the experiment to evidence and quantify the evanescent wave on top of a glass prism once illuminated above the critical angle.
A bi-objective robust possibilistic cooperative gradual maximal covering model for relief supply chain with uncertainty
Authors: Usefi Najibeh , Seifbarghy Mehdi , Sarkar Mitali , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of natural and artificial disasters due to their unexpected nature requires precise planning and management in the relief supply chain. A major measure in times of crisis is to assist the damaged points. Due to the limitations in the relief process at the time of the accident, relief centers should be opened in appropriate locations that cover the needs of the damaged points in the shortest possible time. Initially, a nonlinear two-level cooperative gradual maximal covering model in relief supply chain is proposed first. The chain includes supply centers, relief, and damaged points under uncertainty of some key parameters. The major goal is to locate the relief centers and determine the allocations and transfer of goods between the two levels. The bi-objective model minimizes the high logistical costs and maximizes damaged points’ coverages with uncertain costs. Different robust possibilistic programming approaches have utilized the given approaches’ performances, and some suitable recommendations are given. The robust possibilistic model provides the best results among all models. The results show that the robust possibilistic programming model outperforms the possibilistic programming model.
Prevalence of benign focal liver lesions and non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant lesions in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Möller Kathleen , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Dong Yi , Cui Xin-Wu , Faiss Siegbert , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: November 2022

Liver cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, other benign and malignant liver lesions may co-exist or may be the only focal liver lesion (FLL) detected. Compared to HCC, comparatively little is known about the frequency and natural history of benign FLL in patients with established liver cirrhosis.

This review analyses the prevalence and frequency of benign and malignant FLL others than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhosis including imaging and autopsy studies. Understanding these data should be helpful in avoiding misdiagnoses.
Osteopathische Behandlung von Schulterschmerzen
Authors: Maassen Andreas
Published: November 2022

Schulterschmerzen und Beschwerden wie dem Impingement-Syndrom können verschiedene Ursachen zugrunde liegen. Der Ansatz der Osteopathie betrachtet die Beschwerden systemisch. Er wirft den Blick darauf, welche Funktionsstörungen in welchen Systemen und Regionen zur Entstehung der Schulterbeschwerden führen. Auch Lebensstilfaktoren, die niedriggradige Entzündungen fördern, spielen eine mögliche Rolle in der Pathogenese von Schulterbeschwerden.
Patientenkompetenz zur Krankheitsbewältigung – Eine
qualitative Analyse bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs und gynäkologischen
Tumoren
Authors: Meng Karin , Fahmer Natascha , Engehausen Dirk , Hass Holger G. , Reuss-Borst Monika , Duelli Kristin , Wöckel Achim , Heuschmann Peter U. , Faller Hermann
Published: November 2022

Ziel Die Studie exploriert Herausforderungen, persönliche
Kompetenzen und hilfreiche Unterstützung bei der
Krankheitsbewältigung von Patienteninnen mit Brustkrebs und
gynäkologischen Tumoren und wie die Patientenkompetenz als Zusammenspiel
dieser Faktoren gefördert werden kann.

Methodik Teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews wurden mit 19 Patientinnen
im Akutsetting, 20 Rehabilitandinnen und 16 Teilnehmerinnen einer
Selbsthilfegruppe geführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die thematisierten Herausforderungen sind in die
Hauptkategorien – Diagnoseverarbeitung,
Behandlungs-/Rezidivängste, Krankheitsverarbeitung und
Adaptation, Sorgen um Angehörige, Reaktionen des sozialen Umfeldes,
Sorgen um den Arbeitsplatz – zusammengefasst. Die benannten
persönlichen Kompetenzen im Umgang mit diesen Herausforderungen sind den
folgenden Hauptkategorien zugeordnet: kognitionsbezogenes Coping,
handlungsbezogenes Coping, Selbstregulation Krankheitsverarbeitung,
Unterstützung einholen und annehmen, selbstbestimmte Kommunikation der
Erkrankung, hilfreiche Strategien identifizieren und anwenden,
krankheitsbezogene Erfahrung, günstige Lebensumstände, Offenheit
für Hilfsangebote. Hilfreiche emotionale, informationelle oder
instrumentelle Unterstützung wird durch Angehörige, Freunde,
Tiere, Arbeitskollegen/Arbeitgeber, Behandler, Rehabilitation,
Mitpatientinnen/Betroffene, Selbsthilfe und Beratungseinrichtungen
wahrgenommen.

Diskussion Die Frauen beschreiben eine Vielzahl an persönlichen
Kompetenzen, die einem bedürfnisorientierten, selbstgesteuerten
Bewältigungsprozess entsprechen. Die Individualität und
Komplexität des Zusammenspiels der Komponenten der Patientenkompetenz
unterstreicht die Relevanz von patientenorientierter Versorgung. Empowerment und
eine aktive Patientenrolle sind erforderlich, um bedürfnisbezogen
Bewältigungsfertigkeiten zu fördern. Unterstützung durch
Behandler oder das private Umfeld kann dabei Herausforderungen vermindern oder
Kompetenzen und deren Anwendung fördern.
Schulterbeschwerden
Authors: Scheer Anke , Trinczek Klaus
Published: November 2022

Schulterbeschwerden
Komplementärmedizin in der Therapie von Schulterschmerzen – eine Übersicht über relevante Studien und Metaanalysen
Authors: Bäumler Petra
Published: November 2022

Der größte Anteil der Schulterschmerzen ist funktioneller Natur. Bei ihrer Behandlung steht die konservative Therapie im Vordergrund. Dabei kann die Komplementärmedizin einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten, und viele Schätze der Komplementärmedizin scheinen noch gar nicht gehoben.
Total Synthesis of the Caged Diterpenoid Atropurpuran
Authors: Xu Jing
Published: November 2022

In this account, we wish to share some stories behind our 13-step synthesis of the caged complex diterpenoid atropurpuran. Although our approach might appear to have proceeded smoothly, the unraveling of the core-construction puzzle and late-stage decorations was full of drama.

1 Introduction

2 Total Synthesis of Atropurpuran

3 Conclusion
Menopause: Questions and Answers for Improving Homeopathic Clinical Practice
Authors: Macías-Cortés Emma
Published: November 2022

Background Medical attention for menopausal women is frequently delivered by health care providers (general practitioners, gynecologists or homeopathic physicians) who are not specialized in post-reproductive care. Homeopathy has been used for treating menopausal complaints for more than two centuries. Therefore, it is important to improve clinical knowledge in this field among homeopathic physicians. Nowadays, there is a special interest in the study of menopause-related chronic conditions due to the impact on women's quality of life. The aim of this review is to address the important key points of the menopause, clinical assessment, and available tests for evaluating menopausal women, as well as some general topics regarding homeopathic clinical practice for menopause.

Methods and Results A literature search regarding menopause and current guidelines and recommendations was performed. To be practical and concise, the information is presented in the form of questions and answers. Currently, there is an international classification of woman's reproductive aging that can be useful for clinical and research purposes in homeopathy. A comprehensive homeopathic approach is mandatory for evaluating women with a healthy menopause, but also for those experiencing co-morbidities. In an integrative health care system, several assessment resources can be incorporated into the homeopathic consultations. Clinical and laboratory examinations for detecting metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and hypertension, among others), mood disorders, cognitive impairment and osteoporosis are available in many clinical settings. Screening for gynecological cancers is an international recommendation at this stage. All data obtained from homeopathic consultations would help to integrate well-documented case reports. This would give the possibility to generate hypotheses to design high-quality clinical research.

Conclusion Improving homeopathic clinical practice for menopause is useful for both clinical and research purposes. The international recommendations for evaluating menopausal women should be incorporated in homeopathic clinical practice, mainly in clinical settings where homeopathy is integrated in outpatient services.
Evidence-Based Approach to the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Sagar Alex James , Khan Majid , Tapuria Niteen
Published: November 2022

Background Acute pancreatitis is a significant challenge to health services. Remarkable progress has been made in the last decade in optimizing its management.

Methods This review is a comprehensive assessment of 7 guidelines employed in current clinical practice with an appraisal of the underlying evidence, including 15 meta-analyses/systematic reviews, 16 randomized controlled trials, and 31 cohort studies.

Results Key tenets of early management of acute pancreatitis include severity stratification based on the degree of organ failure and early goal-directed fluid resuscitation. Rigorous determination of etiology reduces the risk of recurrence. Early enteral nutrition and consideration of epidural analgesia have been pioneered in recent years with promising results. Indications for invasive intervention are becoming increasingly refined. The definitive indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute pancreatitis are associated with cholangitis and common bile duct obstruction. The role of open surgical necrosectomy has diminished with the development of a minimally invasive step-up necrosectomy protocol. Increasing use of endoscopic ultrasound–guided intervention in the management of pancreatic necrosis has helped reduce pancreatic fistula rates and hospital stay.

Conclusion The optimal approach to surgical management of complicated pancreatitis depends on patient physiology and disease anatomy, in addition to the available resources and expertise. This is best achieved with a multidisciplinary approach. This review provides a distillation of the recommendations of clinical guidelines and critical discussion of the evidence that informs them and presents an algorithmic approach to key areas of patient management.
Investigation of the Presence of Arachnoid Granulation in Fetuses and Early Infancy
Authors: Kahraman Ozlu Eylem Burcu , Kayalar Ali Erhan , Ertan Yesim
Published: November 2022

The aim of our study is to investigate the importance of arachnoid granulation in cerebrospinal fluid physiology in fetuses and early infancy. Using the random sampling method, postmortem fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation age and the children under the age of 1 year were chosen from the autopsy materials. Two male and two female intrauterine dead fetus; three male and three female, totally six children under the age of 1 year and one 3-year-old male were included in this study. In cases of intrauterine fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation and children under the age of 1 year, complete invagination of arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus was examined histologically. In the intrauterine period and in the first 6 months of life, arachnoid villi structures were not found in histologic preparations although in preparations taken after the 6 months of life samples showed similarities to arachnoid granulations. These structures were considered as arachnoid villi drafts after immunohistochemical analysis. In the control case who were 3 years old, maturation of arachnoid villi was complete and the arachnoid villi were invaginated into the superior sagittal sinus as fingerlike extensions. In our study, we think that the failure after E3V intervention in the treatment of hydrocephalus in cases under the age of 1 years may be related to the completion of arachnoid granulation development after the 18th month of life and the immature resorption capacity in this period.
A New Way to Measure the Speed of Light
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: November 2022

Picosecond diode laser and voltage-controlled oscillator setup offers compact, accurate measurement tool
Core-shell fiber design boosts breakdown strength in organic polymer-based capacitors
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2022

Combining two polymers results in a dielectric film capable of reaching large energy densities in high-performance capacitors.
Testing the conservative character of particle simulations: I. Canonical and noncanonical guiding center model in Boozer coordinates
Authors: Bierwage A. , White R. B. , Matsuyama A.
Published: November 2022

The guiding center (GC) Lagrangian in Boozer coordinates for toroidally confined plasmas can be cast into canonical form by eliminating terms containing the covariant component BΨP of the magnetic field vector with respect to the poloidal flux function ΨP. In an unperturbed plasma, BΨP can be eliminated via exact coordinate transformations, but, in general, one relies on approximations, assuming that the effect of BΨP is small. Here, we are interested in the question whether Hamiltonian conservation laws are still satisfied when BΨP is retained in the presence of fluctuations. Considering fast ions in the presence of a shear Alfvén wave field with fixed amplitude, fixed frequency, and a single toroidal mode number n, we show that simulations using the code ORBIT with and without BΨP yield practically the same resonant and nonresonant GC orbits. The numerical results are consistent with theoretical analyses (presented in the appendix), which show that the unabridged GC Lagrangian with BΨP retained yields equations of motion that possess two key properties of Hamiltonian flows: (i) phase space conservation and (ii) energy conservation. As counter-examples, we also show cases where energy conservation (ii) or both conservation laws (i) and (ii) are broken by omitting certain small terms. When testing the conservative character of the simulation code, it is found to be beneficial to apply perturbations that do not resemble normal (eigen) modes of the plasma. The deviations are enhanced and, thus, more easily spotted when one inspects wave-particle interactions using nonnormal modes.