bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Safety of Individuals Contributing to Prevention and Detection of Corruption-Related Crimes
Authors: Makarova Oksana
Published: June 2015

The objective of any government is to ensure safety of individuals, contributing to prevention and detection of crime. The problem of protecting whistleblowers, who receive inadequate attention from the national legislator, is one of the most important problems. The Russian Federation has accepted obligations to take appropriate measures to ensure effective protection of individuals reporting about corruption, as a member state to the United Nations Convention against corruption, adopted in New York on 31 October 2003 and ratified by the Federal law on 08.03.2006 N 40-FZ (Art. 32-33). However, it should be recognized that the national legislation does not contain all of the Convention principles, and Russia takes insufficient measures to implement the international community’s recommendations on the application of security measures to protect whistleblowers from the adverse consequences for them. The article analyzes the current legislation regulating the system of measures of state protection of individuals ensuring criminal justice in general, and whistleblowers in particular. The article notes that the legislation, regulating the state protection of individuals, contributing to the prevention and detection of crime, to a large extent takes into account the fundamental international principles and standards for ensuring safety of individuals in criminal proceedings. However, there remains the problem of insufficient protection measures in relation to whistleblowers, which is one of the reasons for poor efficiency of prevention and detection of corruption crimes. To solve this problem, the author proposes some measures that strengthen protection of whistleblowers to a maximum extent, as well as contribute to further improvement of the legislation in the sphere of state protection of individuals promoting criminal justice.
Suspicion and Charge Statuses in Criminal Remedial Activities
Authors: Sopneva Elena
Published: June 2015

The author analyzes legislative, theoretical and practical levels of suspicion and charge enforcement. The author identifies problems of understanding the concepts of suspicion and charge: during theoretical and legislative classification of these categories the author identifies the absence of sound differences in their essence. The author considers foreign experience in realization of the suspicion and charge statuses in criminal remedial activities. The author comes to the conclusion that on the one hand, the suspicion, due to its procedural demand and importance has the right for independent theoretical development and independent legal regulation and on the other hand, it can be considered as an alternative to charge, since the latter cannot be considered to be the only possible basis for a transfer of a criminal case to a court. The author also accepts the variant when suspicion takes principal procedural time and the charge is defined at the end of criminal proceedings when the case is transferred to a court to be considered on the merits.
The Sanctions against the Russian Federation: International Legal Analysis of Legitimacy
Authors: Keshner Mariya
Published: June 2015

In 2014, a number of states and integration entities imposed sanctions and restrictive measures against the Russian Federation. The author analysis acts the measures adopted by the United States, the European Union, some other countries against the Russian Federation, from the point of view of the international law. The author investigates reasonableness of the arguments justifying the sanctions against the Russian Federation; and examines the issues of coercion in the international law, which has its specific features that are primarily predetermined by the nature of interstate relations and methods of their legal regulation. The author provides an update on the problem of “collective counter-measures” or counter-measures in collective interests and classification of activities of the third countries who “have joined” in with the imposed restrictive measures. The author considers the practice and consequences of imposing unilateral sanctions by a number of states, the trends of its development and legitimacy of the existence in light if the modern international law development.
Quality, Subjectivity, and Sustained Superior Performance at the Olympic Games
Authors: Waguespack David M. , Salomon Robert
Published: June 2015

In some competitions, performance evaluation includes a substantial subjective component. We argue that the inherent uncertainty and ambiguity in subjective evaluation can lead to favorable ex post treatment for reputationally privileged competitors. Post consumption, judges may infer quality that is not directly observed and/or make conservative choices to assuage accountability concerns. We examine these issues in the context of the Olympic Games, comparing country-level performance outcomes across Olympic sports. We find that past performance is predictive of current performance in all sports, but the effect is stronger in subjective outcome sports versus objective outcome sports. That is, past performance is a better predictor of future performance in sports where external judges and referees can influence the outcomes. We find the same pattern in individual boxing matches, with past country-level performance having a stronger effect on subjective boxing outcomes (judges’ decisions) than objective boxing outcomes (knockouts).

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2144 .

This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
Markov Games with Frequent Actions and Incomplete Information—The Limit Case
Authors: Cardaliaguet Pierre , Rainer Catherine , Rosenberg Dinah , Vieille Nicolas
Published: June 2015

We study the asymptotics of a class of two-player, zero-sum stochastic game with incomplete information on one side when the time span between two consecutive stages vanishes. The informed player observes the realization of a Markov chain on which the payoffs depend, whereas the noninformed player only observes his opponent’s actions. We show the existence of a limit value; this value is characterized through an auxiliary optimization problem and as the solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Científica Española de Enfermería ante la situación actual de la Especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria en España
Authors: Sociedad Científica Española de Enfermería Junta Directiva , Asensio Torrecilla Cristina
Published: June 2015

Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Científica Española de Enfermería ante la situación actual de la Especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria en España.
La especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria en la Formación Pregrado
Authors: Represas Carrera Francisco Jesús , Comesaña Diego Lorena , Couselo Fernández Ignacio , Pazos Platas Silvia , Carrera García Álvaro , Vara Couce Belén , Quintela Varela Elena
Published: June 2015

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión y expectativas que tienen los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería sobre la especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria. Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado mediante un cuestionario sobre la percepción de la especialidad a 158 estudiantes de Grado de Enfermería que habían asistido a una sesión informativa sobre la misma. Resultados: Se estudió una muestra de 158 estudiantes de los que el 60,8% refirió que la sesión le hace querer saber más sobre la especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria para orientar mejor sus salidas profesionales. El 93,1% de los alumnos considera que la especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria cumple con sus expectativas generadas, ocupando el segundo puesto en el orden de preferencia entre todas las especialidades enfermeras existentes, por detrás de la especialidad de Enfermería Obstétrico-Ginecológica. Conclusiones: La especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria es valorada por parte del alumnado de forma muy positiva. Aspecto de vital importancia para seguir fomentando estas sesiones como una actividad habitual dentro de la asignatura de Enfermería Comunitaria para inculcar la necesidad de una especialización a la hora de ofrecer unos cuidados de alta calidad en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria.
La terapia decúbito prono desde la perspectiva de la enfermera de UCI: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Campello-Vicente Cristina , Vidal-Baños Antonio , Del Saz-Caja María Inmaculada , Tomás-Robles Amelia , Villaescusa-Carrillo María Carolina
Published: June 2015

Introducción: La terapia de posicionamiento decúbito prono es una de las alternativas disponibles en el tratamiento del Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA) en las unidades de cuidados críticos. A pesar de que se ha demostrado que esta terapia de soporte mejora la oxigenación del paciente, la eficacia de la maniobra siempre ha estado bajo sospecha ante las complicaciones asociadas. En los últimos años han aparecido estudios que indican que el conocimiento de la técnica y un personal entrenado pueden disminuir el número de complicaciones y reducir las tasas de mortalidad. Objetivos: describir los cuidados que ofrece la enfermera de UCI para reducir las complicaciones de la terapia decúbito prono y aumentar la efectividad de la misma. Métodos: revisión integradora realizando búsquedas en las principales bases de datos biomédicas mediante el sistema de palabras clave recogidos en descriptores MeSH. Resultados: la revisión mostró pocos estudios dedicados a investigar esta materia, con bajo nivel de evidencia en el diseño metodológico y hallazgos controvertidos en los temas relacionados con las contraindicaciones, las complicaciones y los tiempos de inicio y mantenimiento de la terapia. Conclusiones: existe una carencia de protocolos unificados que guíen los cuidados de enfermería, aunque la mayoría de los estudios resalta la importancia del papel de enfermería de cuidados intensivos en la reducción de las complicaciones y obtención de resultados exitosos.
"GOVERNING NEW JERSEY: REFLECTIONS ON THE PUBLICATION OF A REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION OF 'THE GOVERNORS OF NEW JERSEY'"
Authors: Birkner Michael
Published: June 2015

Governing New Jersey: Reflections on the publication of a revised and expanded edition of The Governors of New Jersey, edited by Michael J. Birkner, Donald Linky, and Peter Mickulas (Rutgers University Press, 2014)By Michael J. BirknerAbstractNew Jersey's chief executive enjoys more authority than any but a handful of governors in the United States. Historically speaking, however, New Jersey's governors exercised less influence than met the eye. In the colonial period few proprietary or royal governors were able to make policy in the face of combative assemblies. The Revolutionary generation's hostility to executive power contributed to a weak governor system that carried over into the 19th and 20th centuries, until the Constitution was thoroughly revised in 1947. Before that date a handful of governors, by dint of their ideas and personalities, affected the polity in meaningful ways. Derived from a lecture delivered at Rutgers University's Eagleton Institute on March 11, 2014, this essay focuses on the long history of the executive office, assessing individual governors and delineating the qualities that made them noteworthy, for good or ill.
"THE LADIES OF TRENTON: WOMEN'S POLITICAL AND PUBLIC ACTIVISM IN REVOLUTIONARY NJ"
Authors: Hudak Catherine
Published: June 2015

The Ladies of Trenton: Women's Political and Public Activism in Revolutionary NJBy Catherine HudakAbstractUsing the Ladies of Trenton as a case study, this article examines the extent and forms of women's public and political activism in the early national period. An analysis of the Ladies of Trenton's efforts demonstrates the pivotal roles women played in the formation of the vibrant political culture that emerged in late eighteenth century America. These elite NJ women had access to rich worlds of social and educational refinement coupled with strong political connections. The Ladies of Trenton used their literacy skills, knowledge of the patriot cause, and high social standings to captivate the nation as they entered male-dominated spaces of politics and print culture. Among the civic acts organized by the Ladies of Trenton include a fundraising campaign to assist the Continental Army and a public tribute honoring newly-elected President Washington. Contemporaries publicly recognized the significance of their fundraising to the success of the war effort as these NJ women refashioned gender roles for women by assembling to establish a committee, managing financial matters, and delving into military concerns.  The Ladies of Trenton's public tribute for Washington included profound symbolism commemorating the battles of Trenton and Princeton as well as being reflective of the new nation.  The contributions of the Ladies of Trenton demonstrate the presence of active public roles for women during this critical historical period of nation building in the United States.
"THE JERSEY DEVIL: A POLITICAL ANIMAL"
Authors: Regal Brian
Published: June 2015

The Jersey Devil: A Political AnimalBy Brian RegalAbstractThe Jersey Devil ranks as the most popular legend in the folklore of the Garden State. In the dark forbidding Pine Barrens, a witch known as Mother Leeds gave birth to a "child with horse-like head, bat-like wings, clawed hands and hooved feet." It flew off into the woods to take up a career haunting and harassing travelers. The only element of the legend with historical connection is the reference to the Leeds family (indeed, it was originally known as the Leeds' Devil). The story has become layered down with myths and variations obscuring the original events that gave rise to it. A reappraisal of the story is in order. Far from being a tale of a monstrous birth gone horribly awry, the story comes not from a blaspheming mother, but colonial era political intrigues, Quaker religious in-fighting, astrology, rumor mongering, almanac publishing, a cross-dressing Royal Governor, and a future Founding Father.
"THE NATIONAL GUARD MILITIA MUSEUM OF NJ"
Authors: Bilby Joseph
Published: June 2015

In each issue of NJS, we will feature a different NJ museum and one unique artifact therefrom. This Summer 2015, we feature the NGMMNJ. Their chosen artifact is a US Model 1857 Napoleon’s artillery piece. Read on for more information. Photographs courtesy NGMMNJ.
"TEACHING NJ HISTORY: THE NJ CONSTITUTION IN THE CLASSROOM"
Authors: Gill Annie
Published: June 2015

In each edition of NJS, we will bring you an original NJ History Lesson Plan. This edition's lesson plan on the NJ Constitution comes to you from Annie Gill. According to Ms. Gill, the following lesson is a result of a concerted effort to provide high school students with a more in-depth understanding of the role of New Jersey in early American history.
"OFF THE RECORD: THE PRODUCTION OF EVIDENCE IN 19TH CENTURY NJ"
Authors: Drake Jarrett
Published: June 2015

Established in 2012, the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance (NJSAA) Graduate Student Award recognizes excellence in graduate writing about New Jersey history. It is presented for a paper written by a graduate student that best represents significant research and writing about any aspect of New Jersey history. The 2013 award went to:Off the Record: The Production of Evidence in 19th Century New JerseyBy Jarrett M. Drake, M.S.I.AbstractOn February 1, 1812, the New Jersey General Assembly passed a law stating that in order for a slave or servant to be permanently removed out of the state, two judges of the Court of Common Pleas had to first obtain the bond person's consent to the removal. Intended to curb the rise of domestic trafficking following the 1808 Congressional ban on the international slave trade, the statute placated New Jersey abolitionists while simultaneously providing slaveholders a loophole for profitable disposal of their property. Jacob Van Wickle, a judge in Middlesex County, exploited that loophole. This paper examines documents found at the New Jersey State Archives to argue that methodical, synchronized record production by county officials engineered an illegal slave-trading cartel spanning from New Jersey to Louisiana. The records presented as evidence consent certificates and affidavits bear the appearance of authenticity yet contain muted elements of evidential rehearsal. Describing their collective rhetoric illuminates the dubious condition of their creation, the implications of which suggest that archivists must reevaluate the concept of authenticity during the appraisal process.
"SUSTAINING THE REVOLUTION: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS, REPUBLICANISM, AND THE CONTINENTAL ARMY'S 1780 MORRISTOWN ENCAMPMENT"
Authors: Elliott Steven
Published: June 2015

Established in 2012, the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance (NJSAA) Graduate Student Award recognizes excellence in graduate writing about New Jersey history. It is presented for a paper written by a graduate student that best represents significant research and writing about any aspect of New Jersey history. One of two 2012 awards went to:Sustaining the Revolution: Civil-Military Relations, Republicanism, and the Continental Army's 1780 Morristown EncampmentBy Steven ElliottAbstractThis paper investigates how the nascent American republic prosecuted the War for Independence. Specifically, it looks at the problem of waging war under a Republican government distrustful of standing armies and incapable of implementing the sophisticated fiscal and bureaucratic structures used by other western military powers during the eighteenth century. Here, I argue that it was the Continental Army itself that functioned as an arm of wartime national governance by intervening in the civilian sphere. Its authority manifested in various forms, from the intrusive confiscation of civilian property to more benign exhibitions of authority such as parades and social gathering. As a case study, this paper uses the Continental Army's 1779-1780 winter encampment at Morristown, New Jersey. Winter encampments are useful subjects of study since they most vividly and directly exhibit the interaction between military authority and civilian life, and highlight the important role armies played beyond the battlefield. The Morristown encampment provides a particularly useful study as it took place at a time when the stresses of waging a long war were beginning to have serious consequences for both military and civilian leaders. Indeed, thus study will show that the Continental Army's maintenance of positive civilian relations often came at the price of harming relations with the Army's own rank-and-file. Overall, this paper seeks to better our understanding of the intersection between military institutions and governance during the War of Independence, with a particular emphasis on how these relationships impacted the course of the war in New Jersey.
REVIEW: NEW JERSEY WOMEN'S HISTORY (WEBSITE)
Authors: Rasa Mary
Published: June 2015

New Jersey Women's Historyhttp://www.njwomenshistory.org/Created and maintained by the Alice Paul Institute, Inc. at Paulsdale, Mount Laurel, NJReviewed July 29-30, 2014.
REVIEW: KILLING THE POORMASTER: A SAGA OF POVERTY, CORRUPTION, AND MURDER IN THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Authors: Veit Richard
Published: June 2015

Killing the Poormaster: A Saga of Poverty, Corruption, and Murder in the Great Depression Holly MetzLawrence Hill Books, Chicago, 2012. 308 pp. $26.95 cloth.
From Pangaea to Partnership
Authors: Wolford Wendy
Published: June 2015

Over the past decade, the rise of what has been called the Global Land Grab suggests the return of rural development as a privileged (if problematic) site for accumulation, modernization, and growth. In this paper, I analyze a set of rural development efforts in Mozambique, a country seen by many as the potential heart of a new African food regime. I build a framework for understanding contemporary dynamics by drawing on the triple metaphor of fields: first, I build on the sociological concept of field as strategic social space; second, I bring together disparate disciplinary fields, including political economy, development, science and technology studies, and agrarian studies; and third, I situate the paper on fields as cultivated ground, the literal arena in and on which rural development takes place. The paper is narrated through four stories that illuminate the relationships and dynamics within and across different “strategic action fields.” These stories highlight the role of knowledge and power within distinct but related fields of rural development and suggest the importance of seeing them as in contestation even when they are not necessarily in conversation.
Toward a New Economic Sociology of Development
Authors: Schrank Andrew
Published: June 2015

What explains the differential growth rates that foster international income inequality? The leading sociological answers have taken conflicting positions on the assumptions of self-interest and diminishing returns that are taken for granted in the neoclassical literature. While modernization theorists traced the periphery's inability to take advantage of diminishing returns in the core to “traditional” values that allegedly militated against savings, investment, and growth, and thus denied the universality of self-interest, their neo-Marxist successors traced underdevelopment less to the values of the poor than to the “cumulative” advantages of the rich, and thus denied the inevitability of diminishing returns. The result is a two-front assault that suffers from a serious coordination problem, and I therefore take issue with both the neoclassical accounts and their critics by, first, calling the validity of their assumptions—self-interest and diminishing returns—into question and, second, defending an alternative approach that treats the subordination of self-interest to norms of fairness, trust, and cooperation in the short run as the sine qua non of increasing returns and growth over the long run. The research challenge, therefore, is to unearth the roots of collaborative social norms in particular historical contexts—a challenge that will prove more tractable if development sociologists not only abandon the assumptions of self-interest and diminishing returns but embrace the tools and insights of the new economic sociology.
Unintended Consequences of State-led Development
Authors: Almeida Paul
Published: June 2015

The mass mobilizations against neoliberal reforms are rooted in the weakening of the state-led development model and the erosion of social citizenship rights. At the same time, infrastructures created by the developmental state provide the organizational capacity to resist market-driven globalization. The study develops a conceptual framework for understanding the major arenas of state-led development in the twentieth century in relation to the infrastructures and organizations that mobilize social movement campaigns against neoliberalism in the twenty-first century. Special attention is given to public education, health care, public utilities, state subsidies, and transportation networks as laying the foundation for civil society's ability to collectively defend social protections granted in the preglobalization era in the global South.
Modernization, Globalization, Trends, and Convergence in Health Expenditure in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Noy Shiri , McManus Patricia A.
Published: June 2015

Are health care systems converging in developing nations? We use the case of health care financing in Latin America between 1995 and 2009 to assess the predictions of modernization theory, competing strands of globalization theory, and accounts of persistent cross-national differences. As predicted by modernization theory, we find convergence in overall health spending. The public share of health spending increased over this time period, with no convergence in the public-private mix. The findings indicate robust heterogeneity of national health care systems and suggest that globalization fosters human investment health policies rather than neoliberal, “race to the bottom” cutbacks in public health expenditures.
Developmental Idealism
Authors: Thornton Arland , Dorius Shawn F. , Swindle Jeffrey
Published: June 2015

This paper extends theory and research concerning cultural models of development beyond family and demographic matters to a broad range of additional factors, including government, education, human rights, daily social conventions, and religion. Developmental idealism is a cultural model—a set of beliefs and values—that identifies the appropriate goals of development and the ends for achieving these goals. It includes beliefs about positive cause-and-effect relationships among such factors as economic growth, educational achievement, health, and political governance, as well as strong values regarding many attributes, including economic growth, education, small families, gender equality, and democratic governance. This cultural model has spread from its origins among the elites of northwest Europe to elites and ordinary people throughout the world. Developmental idealism has become so entrenched in local, national, and global social institutions that it has now achieved a taken-for-granted status among many national elites, academics, development practitioners, and ordinary people around the world. We argue that developmental idealism culture has been a fundamental force behind many cultural clashes within and between societies and continues to be an important cause of much global social change. We suggest that developmental idealism should be included as a causal factor in theories of human behavior and social change.
Ciudadanía, derechos políticos y conciencia de clase. La cuestión de la naturalización de los extranjeros en los orígenes del socialismo argentino
Authors: Poy Lucas
Published: June 2015

En la Argentina de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, un importante crecimiento económico basado en la exportación de materias primas y la llegada de capitales extranjeros se combinaba con un régimen político restrictivo, caracterizado por prácticas fraudulentas y una reducida participación electoral. A pesar de que la legislación garantizaba el sufragio universal para los argentinos varones adultos, la existencia de una gran proporción de inmigrantes colocaba el problema de la participación política de los extranjeros como un aspecto crucial. A partir de un extenso análisis de la prensa partidaria, el artículo analiza el modo en que la cuestión de la naturalización de los extranjeros fue abordada por el Partido Socialista argentino desde su misma fundación. Se argumenta que la misma aparecía como un paso indispensable para desenvolver una estrategia orientada a la lucha electoral pero al mismo tiempo representaba una demostración de conciencia de los propios trabajadores que debía ser impulsada y estimulada. A su vez, explicamos cómo la esta apelación a la naturalización enfrentó desde fechas muy tempranas una serie de escollos, relacionados con las resistencias de numerosos trabajadores a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen para obtener unos derechos políticos cuya utilidad aparecía poco evidente, y luego también con la imposición de diversas trabas burocráticas y legales a partir de la sanción de la Ley de Residencia.
Mercato culturale: El nacimiento de la ornamentación de un Coliseo
Authors: Oviedo Salazar Mauricio , Santamaría Montero Leonardo
Published: June 2015

La República de Costa Rica, al igual que muchas otras naciones latinoamericanas a lo largo del siglo XIX, asumió la ruta para construir un Estado positivo a partir de políticas económicas liberales y un programa cultural basado en modelos europeos. Las negociaciones y contrataciones, principalmente con Europa, efectuadas para la construcción y ornamentación del Teatro Nacional de Costa Rica (1891-1897), fueron sumamente complejas. Ciertamente, el Ministro Plenipotenciario en el Exterior Marqués Manuel María de Peralta y Alfaro desempeñó un rol esencial en este proyecto, no obstante, la red de personas participantes fue más amplia. Respecto del proyecto de ornamentación y decoración de este inmueble, nos preguntamos: ¿Cómo se llevaron a cabo las relaciones entre los mercaderes italianos y el Estado costarricense? Mediante la revisión de fuentes primarias y secundarias, utilizando el método hipotético-deductivo, hemos podido realizar un esbozo de las relaciones comerciales-culturales de cinco comerciantes italianos, a saber, Francesco y Lorenzo Durini, Ruy Cristóforo Molinari, Attilio Lazaro Riatti y Gaetano de Benedictis; con algunos ciudadanos costarricenses que actuaron en calidad de representantes del Estado: Adolfo Erba, el Marqués de Peralta, Ricardo Pacheco Marchena y Juan José Ulloa Giralt.
Asilo y detención. Los guatemaltecos de 1954 en la Argentina.
Authors: Rostica Julieta Carla , Pedroni Nicolás , Sala Laura
Published: June 2015

Tras el golpe de Estado de junio de 1954, en Guatemala se produjo un asilo político en masa. El gobierno argentino recibió cerca de doscientas personas, entre las que se encontraban importantes figuras del Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo. No obstante, a los pocos días de haber llegado al país, un grupo de más de treinta guatemaltecos fueron detenidos y apresados en la cárcel de Villa Devoto. El artículo tiene por objetivo abordar tres dimensiones, desde la perspectiva de la sociología histórica, que permiten dar cuenta de las condiciones de posibilidad de este acontecimiento: la ideológica, la normativa y la política exterior del gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón. El trabajo nos permitirá adentrarnos en la complejidad y ambigüedad que caracterizó a los populismos clásicos de América Latina y resultará una excusa para reponer la década del cincuenta, generalmente opacada por las décadas del sesenta y setenta, como coyuntura crítica para explicar las condiciones sociohistóricas de la violencia política en América Latina.

 

After the coup of June 1954, in Guatemala there was a mass political asylum. The Argentine government received about two hundred people, including leading figures of the Guatemalan Labor Party. However, a few days after arriving in the country, a group of over thirty Guatemalans were arrested and imprisoned in the prison of Villa Devoto. The article seeks to address three dimensions, from the perspective of historical sociology, which allow to account for the conditions of possibility of this event: ideology, law and foreign policy of the government of Juan Domingo Perón. The work will allow us to explore the complexity and ambiguity that characterized the classical populism in Latin America and will be an excuse to relocate the fifties, usually overshadowed by the sixties and seventies, as critical juncture to explain the historical conditions of the political violence in Latin America.
Los del Sur de la Ciudad Capital: Control Social y estigmatización en los barrios del Sur de San José: 1950-1980
Authors: Blanco Ramos Roberto Antonio
Published: June 2015

Este artículo busca comprender cómo en diferentes asentamientos urbanos y sociales de la ciudad de San José, catalogados bajo la concepción de “barrios del sur”, se llevaron a cabo procesos de control social y estigmatización territorial, durante el periodo que abarca de 1950 a 1980. Se analiza la discursividad de la época, relacionándola con aspectos que atañen a problemáticas sobre el control social y la estigmatización. Esto con el fin de entender por qué se asociaba a los barrios populares con marginalidad y conflictividad social. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizan dos estudios de caso, en dos asentamientos urbanos surgidos durante esta etapa.
Avaliação da amplitude de movimento e força da cintura escapular em pacientes de pós-operatório tardio de mastectomia radical modificada
Authors: Gouveia Priscila Fernandes , Gonzalez Estela de Oliveira , Grer Patrícia Arduino , Fernandes Camila Amaro , Lima Maurício Corrêa
Published: June 2015

O câncer de mama é a neoplasia que mais afeta as mulheres e a cirurgia tem sido o tratamento de escolha, que pode assumir vários graus, até mastectomia radical modificada e alargada. Após a cirurgia, podem surgir seqüelas como alterações na amplitude articular do ombro homolateral, diminuição da força muscular, linfedema e aderências. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a amplitude de movimento e força muscular da cintura escapular em mulheres submetidas à mastectomia radical modificada em pós-operatório tardio. Foram avaliadas nove mulheres, em pós-operatório de 2 a 7 anos, com média de idade de 53,22±6,5 anos. A amplitude de movimento e força muscular do lado da cirurgia foram avaliadas em relação ao membro contralateral, tomado como parâmetro normal. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente e o nível de signifcância fixado em p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram redução significativa na amplitude de movimento do ombro acometido em todas as pacientes, principalmente nos movimentos de flexão e abdução ativas e passivas, bem como na força muscular, principalmente nos músculos trapézio médio e supra-espinhal, em comparação com o membro saudável. Isso enfatiza a necessidade da intervenção fisioterapêutica desde o primeiro dia pós-operatório, para minimizar essas possíveis seqüelas e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pacientes.
Delayed Glyphosate Application for No-Till Fallow in the Driest Region of the Inland Pacific Northwest
Authors: Lutcher Larry K.
Published: June 2015

Farmers typically use three applications of glyphosate to control weeds in no-till fallow. Some are now experimenting with an unconventional modification to this widely used approach. This modified approach is based on an intentional delay in the time of the first spraying. Farmers delay their first spraying because they want to rely on competition from winter annual grasses to suppress the growth of Russian thistle and eliminate the need for a third application. Optimism for this kind of weed-control program is tempered by concerns related to soil water storage. The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of delayed control of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat on the plant-available water content of, and loss of water from, no-till fallow. Treatments, applied to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, were distinguished by the time of the initial glyphosate application.The initial early-season treatment was applied as soon as possible after emergence of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat. Initial mid-season and late-season treatments were applied 4 and 6 wk later, respectively. The amount of plant-available water in the soil profile ranged from 71.8 to 153.7 mm in May and 16.5 to 80.9 mm in September. Water loss was usually minimized in plots treated with the initial early-season treatment. An exception to this trend occurred at a site where the density of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat was greater than average. Abated water loss from the initial late-season treatment, at this site, may have been a consequence of reduced evaporation caused by a decrease in near-surface wind speed and deflection of solar radiation away from soil. Estimated impacts of water loss on grain yield of winter wheat, produced the year after fallow, range from 269 to 600 kg ha−1.
Comunicação nos Videojogos: Nota Introdutória
Authors: Zagalo Nelson , Sicart Miguel , Ferreira Emmanoel
Published: June 2015

A história dos videojogos, pela sua génese e dependência tecnológicas, tem sido habitualmente traçada por comparação com a história da informática...
Um advergame para browser como catalisador da comunicação: tipos de comunicação em jogos de vídeo
Authors: Söbke Heinrich , Bröker Thomas
Published: June 2015

Os jogos de vídeo são media interativos abrangentes. Os jogos online incentivam a co­municação e alargam consideravelmente a gama de tipos de comunicação. Neste artigo, ana­lisamos tipos de comunicação dominantes nos jogos de vídeo, utilizando o advergame para browser Fliplife. Este jogo proporciona uma estrutura clara, bem delimitada, um interface de utilizador pouco pretensioso e as características de jogo online de múltiplos jogadores. Assim, o Fliplife proporciona um excelente enquadramento para demonstrar a vasta gama de comuni­cação iniciada num jogo de vídeo. Entre os tipos de comunicação contemplados, encontram­-se comunicações verbais e não verbais utilizando gráficos e ações/não ações. A comunicação encontrada serve, normalmente, para controlo e coordenação do jogo; porém, existem também discussões em privado e piadas sociais para além da demonstração do estatuto do jogador e da identificação da comunidade. Na presente investigação, partimos da definição básica de comu­nicação como transmitindo informações de um emissor para um destinatário. Categorizamos os tipos de comunicação encontrados segundo um modelo abstrato de comunicação decorrente de definições comuns. A compilação da numeração dos elementos da comunicação e das pos­síveis manifestações representa uma proposta de categorização da comunicação em jogos de vídeo, em geral. Apesar de ser necessária ainda uma validação mais exaustiva, esta enumeração mostra que os jogos de vídeo proporcionam enquadramentos que acomodam e iniciam uma diversidade de formas de comunicação. Uma diferença significativa, quando comparados com outros media, é que os jogos de vídeo e a sua noção de interatividade permitem aos jogadores comunicar através da ação e trocar os papéis de emissor e recetor.
The spatial experience of games and other media: notes from a theoretical-analytical model of representations of space
Authors: Fragoso Suely
Published: June 2015

This article discusses spatial experience in games, in relation to other media. A brief review of some classic works on spatial experience in literature, photography, cinema and television is presented. A theoretical framework composed of three ‘types of space’ is used for an analysis of a hypothetical simplified gameplay. As a result, the spatial experience of games is understood as a dynamic composition across different levels of materiality and meaning. This practice is made possible, amongst other factors, by fictional capacity, a cultural construction developed over centuries of interaction with media representations.
Entre a norma e a exceção: assimetrias de género nas newsmagazines portuguesas
Authors: Santos Anabela , Cerqueira Carla , Cabecinhas Rosa
Published: June 2015

Enformado por uma perspetiva feminista, o presente artigo analisa as representações de género que emergem nas newsmagazines portuguesas, incidindo particularmente na sua interseção com o perfil temático deste tipo de medium. Os resultados indicam que estas publicações tendem a privilegiar paradigmas representacionais que são congruentes com o “sexismo benevolente”. Enquanto os homens surgem como detentores de poder e agentes de influência, as mulheres figuram como indivíduos que dependem da mentoria dos seus congéneres homens para o exercício da liderança. As newsmagazines portuguesas invisibilizam, assim, a diversidade de identidades e experiências, favorecendo a perpetuação de valores androcêntricos e relações de poder desiguais.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Intervention and modelling with multi-modality imaging
Authors: Chung Robin
Published: June 2015

Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common finding
occurring in 20% of the general population1 and nearly 40% of
heart failure patients exhibiting at least moderate regurgitation.2
Severity of MR predicts mortality3 and increased morbidity
in ischaemic and non-ischaemic aetiologies4, regardless of
revascularisation techniqueas well as in asymptomatic patients.5
Mitral valve repair, by surgical or interventional techniques, aims
to restore valve competence and electromechanical synchrony
to improve symptoms and survival.
Flow Characteristics of the Medtronic CoreValve: Difficulties Estimating Aortic Valve Cross-Sectional Area Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Duncan Alison
Published: June 2015

Background: Echocardiographic evaluation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) includes estimation of effective
orifice area (EOA). EOA calculation depends on sub-valvular stroke volume (SV), which depends on sub-valvular diameter and
velocity time integral (VTI). The Medtronic CoreValve area changes throughout its length. We aimed to (i) compare SV at two
sites of flow acceleration: ‘pre-stent’ and ‘in-stent, pre-valve’, (ii) assess effects of possible differences in sub-valvular SV on
EOA, and (iii) assess agreement of measurement of EOA calculation after CoreValve TAVI.
Methods: We studied 43 patients after CoreValve implantation. All had transthoracic echocardiography 5-7 days after TAVI.
Sub-valvular SV was measured ‘pre-stent’ and ‘in-stent, pre-valve’. Measurement agreement was assessed by root mean
square (RMS) differences and Bland-Altman analyses.
Results: SV was consistently higher ‘in-stent, pre-valve’ compared with ‘pre-stent’ (62±20ml vs. 53±19ml, p<0.001), so that
EOA was correspondingly larger using ‘in-stent, pre-valve’ measurements (1.7±0.5cm2 vs. 1.4±0.5cm2, p<0.001). Betweenobserver
RMS difference for calculation of EOA was higher ‘in-stent, pre-valve’ compared to ‘pre-stent’ (0.53 cm2 vs.
0.23cm2, difference from zero 0.17, p=0.002). Though sub-valvular diameter measurements were variable, VTI variability was
additionally higher ‘in-stent, pre-valve’ compared to ‘pre-stent’ (0.42cm vs. 0.6cm, difference from zero -1.74, p=0.11).
Conclusion: Calculation of EOA after CoreValve TAVI is highly dependent on sub-valvular sample position. EOA may be
underestimated using ‘pre-stent’ SV, and overestimated using ‘in-stent, pre-valve’ SV. Limitations in SV reproducibility
suggests EOA should be used in conjunction with other indices of valve function in serial assessment of CoreValve function
following TAVI.
Left atrial strain predicts postoperative atrial fibrillation in patient undergoing major orthopaedic surgery
Authors: De Vito Rafaella , Di Giovanni Antonio , Reccia Rosanna , Di Tommaso Cristina , Bigio Elisa , Focardi Marta , Cameli Matteo , Mondillo Sergio
Published: June 2015

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that often occurred in patients after orthopaedic surgery; the presence
of AF affects prognosis and prolongs hospitalization of these patients. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a
new echocardiographic technique that has recently shown to predict the occurrence of AF. The aim of this study was
to investigate left atrial (LA) function by STE in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery and to correlate results with the
incidence of post-operative AF.
Methods: One-hundred and fifteen patients (mean age 74±12 years), undergoing elective (n=39; 41.9%) or post-traumatic
(n=54; 58.0%) orthopaedic surgery, were prospectively enrolled. Both conventional echocardiographic parameters and STE
parameters were measured in all subjects the day before surgery. The occurrence of AF was monitored until discharge.
Results: Of 115 patients screened, 93 met eligibility criteria; 49 underwent hip surgery, 28 knee surgery and 16 surgery of
the shoulder/elbow. All patients received a standard postoperative care. No major surgical complications were recorded.
Postoperative AF occurred in 26 patients (27.9%). Among all clinical and echocardiographic variables analyzed, global PALS
demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC of 0.88) and, with a cutoff value less than 15.3%, good sensitivity and
specificity of 89% and 90%, respectively, to predict postoperative AF episodes. LA volume indexed and E/e’ ratio had lower
diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.70 and 0.49, respectively).
Conclusions: STE analysis of LA myocardial deformation could be considered a promising tool for the evaluation of AF risk
prediction in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Hyaluronan, a beneficial glycosaminoglycan that may affect the phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy – a hypothesis
Authors: Hellman Urban
Published: June 2015

Myocardial hypertrophy contribute to ventricular diastolic dysfunction and can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia and even
sudden death. It have been shown that during development of hypertrophy the concentration of the glycosaminoglycan
hyaluronan increases. The increased concentration correlates to the increased gene expression of fetal and extracellular
matrix genes that is associated with cardiac remodeling.
Moreover it has been shown that high molecular weight hyaluronan depolarize the membrane potential of cells.
The increase of hyaluronan in cardiac hypertrophy could hypothetically affect the resting membrane potential in
cardiomyocytes and thus affect the conduction through the heart.
Hypothesis. The role of hyaluronan as a molecule adapting the extracellular matrix when the heart is growing could potentially
develop to be harmful to cardiomyocyte resting membrane potential and hence contribute to the risk of arrhythmia.
Making Food Systems Nutrition‐sensitive: an Economic Policy Perspective
Authors: Pinstrup‐Andersen Per
Published: June 2015

The triple burden of malnutrition, i.e. lack of access to sufficient dietary energy, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight and obesity, causes widespread human misery, low labor productivity and large economic losses to individuals and societies. While most efforts to improve nutrition have focused on direct interventions, the results have been disappointing. Opportunities for nutrition improvements through changes in the food system are large and largely ignored. Merely producing more food does not assure better nutrition. Most malnutrition, particularly overweight and obesity but also much of the existing energy and nutrient deficiencies, occurs amidst plenty of food at the national or global levels. Thus, assuming that the food systems only role in improving nutrition is to produce more food is a fallacy. Food policy should pursue improved nutrition along with other food system goals, and trade‐offs among the various goals should be addressed. The pathways between food systems and nutrition, including those operating through food availability, incomes, food prices, gender‐specific time allocation, should be identified and household behavior should be fully understood.
Unexpected toxicity to aquatic organisms of some aqueous bisphenol A samples treated by advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Tišler Tatjana , Erjavec Boštjan , Kaplan Renata , Şenilă Marin , Pintar Albin
Published: June 2015

In this study, photocatalytic and catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) processes were used to examine removal efficiency of bisphenol A from aqueous samples over several titanate nanotube-based catalysts. Unexpected toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) samples treated by means of the CWAO process to some tested species was determined. In addition, the CWAO effluent was recycled five- or 10-fold in order to increase the number of interactions between the liquid phase and catalyst. Consequently, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicated higher concentrations of some toxic metals like chromium, nickel, molybdenum, silver, and zinc in the recycled samples in comparison to both the single-pass sample and the photocatalytically treated solution. The highest toxicity of five- and 10-fold recycled solutions in the CWAO process was observed in water fleas, which could be correlated to high concentrations of chromium, nickel, and silver detected in tested samples. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that aqueous samples treated by means of advanced oxidation processes should always be analyzed using (i) chemical analyses to assess removal of BPA and total organic carbon from treated aqueous samples, as well as (ii) a battery of aquatic organisms from different taxonomic groups to determine possible toxicity.