bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Дискурс громадянської та національної ідентичності
Authors: Sknar Oksana
Published: March 2020

За результатами емпіричного дослідження виокремлено базові конструкти самосвідомості молоді, які актуалізуються в процесі комунікації та визначають національну і громадянську самоідентифікацію студентської молоді. До конструктів, що репрезентують національне самовизначення студентів, віднесено: етнокультурну належність, позитивні настановлення щодо своєї політичної нації, громадянську й особистісну суб’єктність. З’ясовано, що усвідомлення своєї національної ідентичності артикулюється молоддю переважно в конструктах національних почуттів і переживань, а громадянської – у конструктах обов’язків та функцій. Встановлено конструкти самосвідомості, що визначають громадянську самоідентифікацію студентства: номінальне (формальне, за фактом народження і проживання) громадянство, етнокультурні ознаки, позитивне емоційне ставлення до членства в громаді й державі, громадянські чесноти та суб’єктність. Зауважено, що зміст громадянської ідентичності переважно насичений смислами, пов’язаними із владою, державою, та навантажений негативно зарядженими емоційно-оцінними ставленнями молоді. Водночас практично не актуалізовано смисли, пов’язані з громадою, громадянською спільнотою, взаємодією з іншими громадянами. З огляду на це визначено напрями трансформування комунікативних практик розвитку самосвідомості студентської молоді: активізація потенціалу громадянської суб’єктності; актуалізація особистісних смислів громадянської ідентичності та усвідомлення потенціалу комунікативних практик для самопізнання і конструювання власної ідентичності.
Social and psychological determination of resonal sense of ownership formation in ontogenesis
Authors: Hubeladze Iryna
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with the phenomenon of sense of ownership as a socially determined entity, which appears on the basis of an instinctive need for ownership. Sense of ownership is defined as an emotional state of an individual, reflecting subjective evaluative attitudes towards real or abstract ownership targets. Sense of ownership has a number of levels, ranging from feelings to a particular object to more advanced social forms related to social values, ideals and personal attitudes. Sense of ownership is formed, actualized or deactivated during a human life under the influence of various social and psychological factors. The peculiarities of manifestation and stages of sense of ownership formation at different age periods are described in the article. Sociopsychological and political and psychological determinants of formation, actualization or deactivation, leveling or weakening of sense of ownership in ontogenesis are determined. They are motivation of psychological appropriation, group attitude towards ownership, group social and economic identity, development of value-semantic sphere of personality, as well as group values and meanings, collective emotional states, feeling of domination or dependence, intergroup and ingroup comparison, threat of loss of ownership, self-investing, psychological legitimization of ownership possession, and social competition. Sense of ownership can vary phenomenologically depending on the impact of various social and psychological factors, and can play both stimulating and hindering roles in individual identity formation. It can have different modalities, intensity, duration, depth, level of awareness, complexity, substantive content, and various conditions of occurrence, functions performed depending on the situation, different influence on a person, forms and conditions of its development. These determinants can operate in different ways and cause sense of ownership actualization or deactivation depending on the circumstances and stage of life, individual psychological features and his/her social environment. The influence of social and political conflicts on sense of ownership actualization/deactivation is analyzed using the example of internally displaced persons.

Key words: sense of ownership, psychological ownership, social and psychological determination, sense of ownership formation, ontogenesis.
КОЛЕКТИВНІ ПОЧУТТЯ ЯК ЧИННИКИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ
Authors: Chunikhina Svitlana
Published: March 2020

На основі міждисциплінарного аналізу досліджень процесів соціального виключення уточнюється зміст поняття «соціальна інклюзія». Зокрема, у межах соціологічних досліджень увага зосереджується на горизонтальній диференціації суб’єктів соціальної взаємодії на «інсайдерів» і «аутсайдерів». Економічний підхід до проблеми соціального залучення базується на способах усунення бар’єрів у доступі до ресурсів. З позицій філософської перспективи соціальна інклюзія розглядається як можливість повернення соціального суб’єкта до активної соціальної діяльності. Психологічні аспекти дослідження впровадження інклюзивної освіти фокусуються насамперед на соціально-психологічних диспозиціях та емоційних реакціях залучених осіб. Виокремлено три рівні становлення соціальної інклюзії в Україні: інституційний – зачіпає модель соціальної політики держави, яка консервує патерналістські настановлення громадян, призводить до зростання кількості дискримінованих груп та посилення конкуренції між ними за державну підтримку; соцієтальний – пов’язаний із функціонуванням у суспільній свідомості досить жорсткої системи диспозицій щодо норми/нетиповості або меж між ін- і аутгрупами; суб’єктивно-емоційний – визначається патернами емоційного реагування громадян на взаємодію з дискримінованими групами та особами. Конкретизується поняття «колективних почуттів» як реакції на певні події, які є типовими для членів певного суспільства і стало проявляються в різних поколінь. Показано, що серед колективних почуттів, пов’язаних з процесами соціальної інклюзії, в українському суспільстві переважають «емоції дистанціювання» (страх, гнів, відраза) або амбівалентні емоції (співчуття, поєднане з агресивними інтенціями) та спостерігається нестача «емоцій близькості» (солідарність, довіра). Визначено напрями подальших досліджень модальності та динаміки колективних почуттів у процесах соціальної інклюзії, зокрема шляхів набуття позитивного колективного емоційного досвіду, пов’язаного з інклюзією.
ГРУПОВІ ЗАХИСНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ЯК ФОРМА РЕАГУВАННЯ НА КОЛЕКТИВНІ ТРАВМИ
Authors: Gornostai Pavlo
Published: March 2020

Робиться спроба дослідити групу як цілісний суб’єкт і виявити характеристики її захисної поведінки у випадку колективної травми. Авторська концепція підтверджується висновками інших теорій, зокрема теорії самоорганізованої критичності, про неминучість великих міжгрупових конфліктів. Наголошується, що кожна група незалежно від її чисельності прагне захищати від руйнування систему своїх групових цінностей і свою картину світу. Зрозуміло, що колективна травма створює загрозу цінностям групи, адже вони можуть бути зруйновані. Зазначається, що для зменшення травматичної дії група використовує низку захисних механізмів, проте більшість із них не сприяє зціленню від травми, а лише консервує проблему і стає причиною відновлення травми в наступних поколіннях. Цим пояснюється феномен міжпоколінної передачі травматичного досвіду. Розглядаються головні закономірності перебігу колективної травматизації, реагування на колективну травму та опрацювання її наслідків. Обстоюється думка про взаємодію колективних травм між групами різної величини: травма більшої групи стає травмою для менших груп, що входять до її складу, хоча це не завжди усвідомлюється. Зауважено, що досить часто це відбувається у формі паралельних процесів. Звертається увага на те, що травми меншої групи не завжди передаються більшій – на заваді їх поширенню стають захисні механізми. Робиться висновок, що в міжгрупових конфліктах травми отримують обидві сторони – і жертва, і агресор, тож продуктивне розв’язання цих проблем можливе лише за умови подолання наслідків травматизації з обох боків. Наводяться приклади ефективних соціально-психологічних засобів для опрацювання наслідків колективних травм. Зокрема, серед захисних механізмів, які використовує група в умовах колективної травми, механізм сублімації є найбільш продуктивним засобом групового зцілення. Інші захисні механізми дають змогу зменшити силу травматичних переживань, але в майбутньому можуть бути джерелом нових конфліктів і пов’язаних із ними колективних травм.
Presentation and Management of Hepatic Injury due to Blunt Trauma in Patients Attending in Casualty Block of DMCH - A Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman , Hossain SM Amjad , Sultana Salma , Zaman Rifat , Alauddin Md , Masum Md Nazmul Hoque , Saha Haridas
Published: March 2020

Objective: To diagnose the cases of hepatic injury due to blunt abdominal trauma in a shortest possible time and find out the way of efficient and planned management of hepatic injury in our present setting.

Materials and methods: This study was done in the casualty department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and 50 patients of hepatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma were selected over a period of January 2010 to December 2010. All 50 patients were admitted within 24 hours of incidence. The patients were diagnosed clinically by history and physical examination and relevant investigations. Immediately after admission patients were resuscitated by clearance of airway, maintenance of respiration, arrest of external bleeding and maintenance of normal circulation (ATLS Protocol). After resuscitation further management was planned depending upon the condition of the patient. Clinical presentation, overall management and outcome were evaluated by the available resources of casualty ward of DMCH.

Results: Most patients were male (88%) and 68% of patients were belonged to age group of 21 to 40 years. Most of the patients (90%) were injured as a result of road traffic accidents. All patients had a history of trauma and most of them presented with abdominal pain, tenderness muscular rigidity of abdomen and shock (38%). Only 13 (26%) patients had isolated hepatic injury. Rest of the patients had associated other organ injuries. Majority patients (46%) had Grade-I hepatic injury. Out of 50 patients, 46 were operated and most of them had other intra abdominal organ injuries and 4 patients were given non-operative management. Suture hepatorrhaphy was done in 38 (76%) cases. Most common post operative complications were pulmonary in origin (24%) and three patients were died in this series.

Conclusion: Simple technique of hemostasis such as suture hepatorrhaphy is sufficient in most cases with adequate drainage and non operative management can be tried based on haemodynamic stability.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 57-61
Vitamin D Status of Adults in the Outpatient Department in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury NA , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Mia MM , Hoque S , Chowdhury NA , Sultana Rozina , Nizhu Lutfun Nahar
Published: March 2020

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widespread, yet it is the most underdiagnosed and undertreated nutritional deficiency in the world. The prevalence of VDD is estimated to affect over 1 billion people worldwide. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of VDD among adults aged 18–89 years visiting the outpatient department in a clinic/chamber.

Objective: To assess the status of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among the adult population in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 189 adults in the year 2017 including both males and females aged 18–89 years in outpatient department of a clinic/chamber. Venous blood sample was collected for the measurement of Vitamin D (25 hydroxyvitamin D).

Results: This study included a total of 189 adults (29 males and 160 females) aged between 18 and 89 years. Majority of the patients were vitamin D deficient, 67.2% and 20.6% were suffering from vitamin D insufficiency. Maximum males and females are deficient, 69% and 66.9% respectively where as a very small percentage has sufficient level of vitamin D.

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is alarmingly high. Screening services should be implemented while researchers focus on strategies to lessen the incidence and morbidity associated with these conditions.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 94-97
Maternal Near Miss Review – An Intervention to Reduce Maternal Death
Authors: Rouf Salma
Published: March 2020

Abstract Not Available

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 102-103
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among febrile patients in a Tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Iqbal Hasina , Mahboob Nabeela , Ahmed Mushtaque , Mamun Kazi Zulfiquer , Rahim Abdur , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: March 2020

Background: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major problem for health care personnel’s, which leads to high morbidity and mortality of patients. Early and timely diagnosis and appropriate medication will be the best way to save the lives of affected ones.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the bacterial profile of bloodstream infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Popular diagnostic Ltd, Dhanmondi, Dhaka over a three months periods, from November’ 2017 to January’ 2018. A total 822 blood culture samples were screened. The positive blood cultures were examined and the organisms were identified as per standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates by using disk diffusion technique, according to CLSI guidelines 27.

Results: From total blood culture samples, 105 (12.77%) were positive. The most common isolated pathogens were Salmonella Typhi, 59 (56.19.5%). Other isolates are Salmonella paratyphi A & B, 11(10.47%); Eschericia coli 14 (13.33%); Klebsiella spp, 05(04.76%); Acinetobacter spp.11 (10.47%) Enterococcus spp. 02 (01.90%); Staphylococcus aureus, 02 (01.90%) and one Candida spp (0.95%). S. Typhi showed 100% sensitivity against Ceftriaxone and Cefixime, and also more than 80% sensitive against first-line drugs (Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazole). Almost all the strains were found resistant towards Nalidixic acid (sensitivity 05.71%). Most of the Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. More than 80% of E. coli and Klebsiella spp.are sensitive to Imipenem and Meropenem and least sensitivity show against Ciprofloxacin, Cephradine and Ceftriaxone.

Conclusion: Ongoing surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility remains essential, and will enhance efforts to identify resistance and attempt to limit its spread.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 114-122
Polycythaemia Rubra Vera With Incisional Hernia Surgery- A Very Rare Case Report
Authors: Khan Md Manir Hossain , Sultana Jobaida , Rahman Md Fazlur , Ahsan Tazin , Alam AHM Towhidul , Hossain Md Nabir
Published: March 2020

Polycythaemia rubra vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder that is characterized by excessive red cell production and unlike other forms of polycythaemia, it can cause both bleeding and thrombosis in the same patient. Only few cases have been reported in the literature where polycythaemia rubra vera with surgery was performed successfully .The ideal peri-operative management is currently unknown. Here we present a case of 50 yrs old lady with polycythaemia rubra vera underwent open mesh repair for incisional hernia. After operation, the patient developed hemorrhagic complications needing resuscitation with blood and plasma expander. The patient was managed efficiently. Considering its very rarity, we are reporting the case.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 218-222
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
Authors: Rouf Salma
Published: March 2020

Abstract Not Available

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 1-2
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in evaluation of Functional Capacity in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Khatun Hena , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Touhiduzzaman Mohammad , Ahmad Mohammad Mohiuddin , Hassan Md Rashidul , Md Ashrafuzzaman - , Ahmed Md Ashraf Uddin , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: March 2020

Background: Assessment of severity in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) is usually done at rest by spirometry test. But cardiopulmonary exercise test can be a measure to assess the functional capacity more accurately in patients with COPD.

Method: Fifty eight patients with stable COPD were included in this study period of one and half years from January 15 to June 2016 and categorise into four groups based on spirometric data following the GOLD guidelines 2018; GOLD 1 mild COPD, GOLD 2 moderate COPD, GOLD 3 severe COPD and GOLD 4 very severe COPD. Symptom limited CPET on treadmill using Bruce protocol using cardiopulmonary exercise machine was done in all fifty eight patient.

Results: twenty one patients (36.20%) had moderate COPD; twenty six(44.82%) had severe COPD; eleven(18.96%) had very severe COPD and none found to be categorised as mild COPD. All fifty eight patients attained anaerobic threshold. Majority(34, 58.62%) of patients stopped exercise due to shortness of breath; decreased oxygen saturation was the cause of stopping exercise in eight(13.7%) patients; other causes of exercise limitation were increased heart rate, vertigo, leg fatigue, increased blood pressure, ventricular ectopic and chest tightness. Four patients were found to limit exercise due to combined shortness of breath and leg fatigue. A significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1, percent predicted) and maximum oxygen uptake(ml/kg/min) was observe. Twenty(46.55%) patients with low(<40%) AT were identified who could be benefited from pulmonary rehabilitation program.

Conclusion: CPET can be useful to identifying the COPD patients with functional capacity impairment for pulmonary rehabilitation by assessing exercising capacity and the cause of exercise limitation.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 23-27
Evaluation of the Various Clinical Presentations of Adult CNS Tuberculosis
Authors: Joy KM Nazmul Islam , Kundu Narayan Chandra , Akhter Mahfuza , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Rahman Abu Hayat Mohammad Waliur , Rahman Md Mizanur , Md Saifullah - , Rouf Mohammad Abdur , Haque Mohammad Majharul
Published: March 2020

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the most important extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) causing considerable mortality and morbidity. Presentations of CNS TB are extremely variable. Treatments are generally more effective if the disease can be detected early. This study is to find out the various clinical patterns and investigation findings that might help in early detection of CNS TB.

Objective: This study was conducted to detect various clinical manifestations of adult CNS TB at an earlier stage of evaluation.

Methods: This was a hospital based observational study (cross sectional type) conducted on 30 patients of CNS TB who were admitted in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka during a period of 6 months from October 2013 to April 2014

Results: Among the participants 53% were male and 47% were female, with a male female ratio of 1.13: 1. Mean age of the participants was 35.17±6.14 years. Tuberculosis involving brain (i.e. cranial TB) was most common (30.4%) in 15-24 years age group whereas spinal form of TB was most common (42.8%) in 25-34 years age group. Mean age of the participants having Brain TB was 36.46±6.90 years. Mean age of the participants having spinal TB was 32.36±12.52 years. Highest number of the cranial forms of TB was tuberculoma (52.2%) in this study and was found mostly in the young adults. Spinal TB was found in 25-34 years age group in highest number, all but one were Potts disease. Tuberculoma and tuberculous meningitis had an equal distribution in female sex while males had a higher (53.8%) occurrence of tuberculoma. On the other hand, spinal involvement was commoner in male sex (43.5%).Fever was the most common symptom noted in all forms of CNS TB patients (78.26% for brain and 71.43% for spinal cord TB patients) followed by headache and loss of consciousness representing 2nd and 3rd common symptom in brain TB patients. Most common clinical signs in brain TB were signs of meningeal irritation (65.22%), cranial nerve palsies and papillodema while spastic paraparesis with sensory level being the commonest in spinal cases. Tuberculoma was the most frequent neuro-radiologic findinds in case of brain TB patients and paraspinal soft tissue shadow with vertebral collapse was commoner in spinal TB patients.

Conclusion: This study has highlighted the relative frequency of various types of brain and spinal TB lesions along with the symptoms, signs and laboratory findings in Bangladeshi adult patients. In Bangladesh, tuberculosis should be always an important differential diagnosis in patients of fever with headache as well as spastic paraplegia or quadriplegia for any duration in any sex group.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 76-84
Frequency of dengue infection in febrile patients attended Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January to December, 2018
Authors: Sultana Nusrat , Fatema Nusrat , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Rahman Md Anisur , Nehar Naznin , Yeasmin Mst Marufa , Sharmin Rabeya , Sweety Afroza Akbar , Pervin Monira
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Dengue is a major public health concern in our country. The alarming thing is that the seasonal trend of dengue infection is changing with time in Bangladesh due to climate change and unplanned urbanization. Our study was conducted to determine the frequency of dengue virus infection among the febrile patients in 2018 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and to observe the seasonal trend.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 899 febrile patients attended in DMCH from January to December, 2018. Whole blood samples were collected and sera were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibodies using commercial test kits (NS1 by OMC Healthcare (Pvt.) Ltd & IgM antibody by Omega Diagnostics Ltd.), respectively. All negative dengue cases were tested for anti Chikungunya antibody to exclude chikungunya.

Results: Of the total 899 febrile patients, 350(38.93%) were positive for Dengue infection. Out of them 264(75.43%) were positive for NS1, 82 (23.43%) were positive for IgM and 4 (1.14%) were positive for dengue NS1antigen + anti dengue IgM antibody. More than 50% patients belonged to age group 15-29 years. Males were predominant. More than 60% cases were detected in the post monsoon season.

Conclusion: Highest dengue cases were detected in this year in comparison to the previous year’s probably due to re-emergence of DEN-3 serotype. Due to pattern of climate change, seasonal trend of dengue infection was not maintained. Moreover, unplanned urbanization and poor solid waste management have worsened the situation more.

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 105-111
Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual report, 2018
Authors: Lahra Monica M , Enriquez Rodney , Hogan Tiffany ,   the National Neisseria Network
Published: March 2020

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a notifiable disease in Australia, and both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In 2018, there were 281 IMD cases notified to the NNDSS. Of these, 278 were laboratory-confirmed cases analysed by the reference laboratories of the Australian National Neisseria Network (NNN). On investigation, the serogroup was able to be determined for 98.6% (274/278) of laboratory-confirmed cases. Serogroup B infections accounted for 44.2% of cases (123 cases); serogroup W for 36.3% of cases (101 cases); serogroup Y infections for 15.8% (44 cases) and serogroup C 1.4% (4 cases); and there were two unrelated cases (0.7%) of IMD attributable to serogroup E. Using molecular methods, 181/278 IMD cases were able to be typed. Of note was that 89% of typed serogroup W IMD cases (66/74) were porA antigen type P1.5,2; of this number, 44% (29/66) were sequence type 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in recent outbreaks in Australia and overseas.
The primary age peak of IMD in Australia in 2018 was again observed in adults aged 45 years or more; a secondary disease peak was observed in children and infants aged less than 5 years. Serogroup B infections predominated in those aged less than 5 years, whereas serogroup W and serogroup Y infections predominated in those aged 45 years or more. Of the IMD isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 1.4% (3/210) were resistant to penicillin with an MIC ≥ 1 mg/L, and decreased susceptibility to penicillin was observed in a further 93.8% (197/210) of isolates. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and rifampicin; there was one isolate less susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
GIM DARING DARI WAKTU KE WAKTU
Authors: Padiatra Aditia Muara
Published: March 2020

Masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya menyukai permainan. Permainan ini sendiri sifatnya bermacam-macam, dari yang dapat dimainkan sendiri ataupun berkelompok, dan biasanya dipergunakan sebagai sarana untuk melepaskan stres ataupun untuk mengisi waktu senggang. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, permainan pun mulai diganti dari yang sebelumnya berada pada area dunia nyata menjadi dunia maya (daring), permainan ini disebut sebagai gim daring, dan banyak dimainkan oleh berbagai kalangan di masyarakat. Merunut kepada fenomena gim daring, penulis akan memfokuskan studi mengenai aspek ungkapan emosi yang divisualisasikan melalui pencitraan simbol-simbol tertentu sebagai media komunikasi pada salah satu gim daring, yaitu Gunbound Mobile. Hal ini menarik karena studi mengenai gim daring masih terbilang sedikit di Indonesia. Melalui analisis ikonografi dan ikonologi yang kemudian dilakukan untuk membedah tiap-tiap simbol tersebut, terlihat bahwa aspek komunikasi yang terjadi pada setiap pemain gim daring di dunia maya tidak hanya melalui teks saja, namun ada varian lain yaitu melalui unsur simbolik yang dicitrakan melalui gambar-gambar yang mewakili emosi atau perasaan-perasaan tertentu dari setiap pemainnya, hal ini tentunya menjadi fenomena yang menarik untuk dapat ditilik lebih lanjut.
Meningococcal Meningitis in College Students at United States Universities
Authors: Dzotsi Mikafui
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to review current United States (US) university meningitis prevention and awareness efforts for college students with the objective of finding improved methods for meningitis control on college campuses. Meningococcal meningitis cases occurring amongst the students at 45 US universities, reported by the National Meningitis Association between 2013-2017, were reviewed. Apart from analyzing the incidence of meningococcal serotype cases and prevention protocols at the 45 US universities, interviews were conducted with university health directors and health center staff to assess the nature of meningitis control programs on college campuses. the 45 US universities reported between the years, 2013-2017, 20 universities had cases of Meningococcal meningitis serotype B (Men B) while 25 universities had cases of serotype A (Men A), C (Men C), W (Men W), or Y (Men Y). Among 80 cases across all US universities, there were 11 deaths for a case fatality rate of 11/80 (14%). While all universities adhere to state requirements of immunization against serotypes A, C, W and Y, the vaccine for Men B was only recently FDA approved and is not widely used. Further review of some university meningitis prevention and awareness efforts reveal a trend in more passive (e.g. posters, pamphlets, health portal guidance) approaches, while the uptake of active campaign efforts (e.g. vaccination drives, presentations) are not always prioritized until outbreaks occur.
KEYWORDS: Awareness; Epidemiology; Disease; Meningococcal; Prevention; Serotype; University; Vaccination
Wavefront aberrations in children with different types of amblyopia
Authors: Naumova Ekaterina , Titarenko Elena
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To quantify and characterize higher-order aberrations in eyes of children with amblyopia caused by different etiology factors; to evaluate the relationship between the wavefront profile and the effectiveness of the amblyopia treatment.
Material and methods. This study involved 26 children (52 eyes) from 3 to 9 years old (average age 6.2±3 years) with different types of amblyopia: unilateral amblyopia due to impaired binocular vision and anisometropia, as well as unilateral or bilateral amblyopia caused by hyperopia. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the effectiveness of pleoptic treatment: 14 children (24 eyes) – with positive treatment results, 8 children (12 eyes) – with refractory amblyopia, 4 pre-treatment newly diagnosed patients (6 eyes) without previous history of optical correction, and 10 non-amblyopic contralateral eyes (control group). All patients had central fixation and didn`t have any severe systemic diseases. Higher-order aberrations were measured with iTrace Visual Function Analyzer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) after instillation of 1% cyclopentolate eyedrops.
Results and discussion. Wavefront profiles were significantly different in the studied groups. Total spherical aberrations and astigmatism were significantly higher in group with refractory amblyopia (-0.53±1.19 and 2.25±1.07, p=0.02) compared with all the other groups: the group of patients before pleoptic treatment (-0.17±0.23 and 1.79±1.47), group treated with high efficiency (-0.31±0.81 and 1.04±0.13) and with control group (-0.13±0.17 and 1.38±0.11). Total coma-like aberrations didn`t show statistically significant differences in all studied groups (р=0.06). The level of corneal higher-order aberrations (total, coma, spherical) in all three amblyopic groups was higher than in the control group without amblyopia.

Conclusion. We revealed statistically significant differences in the wavefront profiles in children with amblyopia of various etiologies in comparison with the control group, including higher-order aberrations.
The data obtained indicate that an amblyopic eye with hyperopia has higher level of spherical aberrations and astigmatism due to higher level of internal HOAs, particularly spherical aberrations and astigmatism, which is typical for patients with unsuccessful treatment. Therefore, that type of aberrations is likely to be the main cause of refractory amblyopia.
Optimum Infinite is a new era of oxygen permeability material for contact lenses
Authors: Eddleston Mark
Published: March 2020

Optimum Infinite is a new GP contact lens material, with an oxygen permeability of 180 barrer and was launched by Contamac at the GSLS 2019. This article provides an insight
into the development and characteristics of this breakthrough material.
Effects of Temperatures and Viscosity of the Hydraulic Oils on the Proportional Valve for a Rice Transplanter Based on PID Control Algorithm
Authors: Siddique Md. Abu Ayub , Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Kim Taek-Jin , Choi Chang-Hyun , Lee Hyo-Jai , Chung Sun-Ok , Kim Yong-Joo
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to develop a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm considering viscosity for the planting depth control system of a rice transplanter using various hydraulic oils at different temperatures and to evaluate the performance of the control algorithm, and compare the performance of the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity and considering viscosity. In this study, the simulation model of the planting depth control system and a PID control algorithm were developed based on the power flow of the rice transplanter (ERP60DS). The primary PID coefficients were determined using the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) second method. Routh’s stability criteria were applied to optimize the coefficients. The pole and double zero points of the PID controller were also applied to minimize the sustained oscillations of the responses. The performance of the PID control algorithm was evaluated for three ISO (The International Organization for Standardization) standard viscosity grade (VG) hydraulic oils (VG 32, 46, and 68). The response characteristics were analyzed using statistical method (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at a significant level of 0.05 were performed through the statistical software SPSS. The results show that the control algorithm considering viscosity is able to control the pressure of the proportional valve, which is associated with the actuator displacement for various types of hydraulic oils. It was noticed that the maximum pressure was 15.405 bars at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C for all of the hydraulic oils. The settling time and steady-state errors were 0.45 s at 100 °C for VG 32 and 0% for all of the conditions. The maximum overshoots were found to be 17.50% at 100 °C for VG 32. On the other hand, the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity could not control the planting depth, because the response was slow and did not satisfy the boundary conditions. The PID control algorithm considering viscosity could sufficiently compensate for the nonlinearity of the hydraulic system and was able to perform for any of temperature-dependent viscosity of the hydraulic oils. In addition, the rice transplanter requires a faster response for accurately controlling and maintaining the planting depth. Planting depth is highly associated with actuator displacement. Finally, this control algorithm considering viscosity could be helpful in minimizing the tilting of the seedlings planted using the rice transplanter. Ultimately, it would improve the transplanter performance.
A Novel Method for Increasing the Numerousness of Biometrical Parameters Useful for Wildlife Management: Roe Deer Mandible as Bone Model
Authors: De Felice Elena , Pacioni Cesare , Tardella Federico Maria , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Palladino Antonio , Scocco Paola
Published: March 2020

Study of dimensions (biometry) and shapes (geometric morphometry) of bone structures in ungulates is of extreme importance in wildlife population management. Unlike classical biometry, which involves the use of a caliper for measurements, geometric morphometry acquires, through software, a series of reference points (landmarks) from digital photos, providing a series of linear measures. A method to convert values obtained from the GeoGebra software into biometric measures is described. We took photos of 25 mandibles of adult roe deer and at the same time measured mandible length and teeth row length using a caliper. After image processing using GeoGebra, we calculated the conversion factor as the mean ratio between measures taken using GeoGebra and the caliper. The series of measurements, taken with two different methods (direct measurement using the caliper and conversion from GeoGebra output), showed a good degree of agreement. We used the conversion factor to obtain, from the GeoGebra database, four additional parameters of 50 mandibles. The analysis of variance showed that one parameter was significantly different between sexes (p = 0.04), demonstrating the usefulness of the measurement conversion. The conversion factor is helpful to improve classical biometric databases to better clarify the relationship between environment and wildlife status.
The Presence and Distribution of TRPM7 in the Canine Mammary Glands
Authors: Lee Sungin , Lee Seulji , Lee Aeri , Sim Hun Ju , Kim Geon A. , Kang Byung-Jae , Kim Wan Hee
Published: March 2020

The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) cation channel is a bifunctional ion channel with intrinsic kinase activity and is ubiquitously expressed in the animal/human body. Accumulated knowledge of TRPM7 suggests that it plays an essential role in normal physiological processes, including the development, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cells. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence and expression patterns of TRPM7 in normal canine mammary glands using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Normal mammary gland tissue samples were obtained from five female beagle dogs. RT-PCR and sequencing of the amplified PCR products demonstrated the presence of TRPM7 mRNA in normal mammary glands, and the presence of TRPM7 protein was confirmed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated the expression of TRPM7 in the apical membrane of acinar and ductal epithelial cells in the canine mammary glands. These results provide the first evidence of the presence and distribution of TRPM7 in the canine mammary gland and could help explain the physiological and pathological roles of TRPM7 in the canine mammary gland; however, additional studies are required to elucidate these roles.
The Effect of Protozoa on the Bacterial Composition and Hydrolytic Activity of the Roe Deer Rumen
Authors: Miltko Renata , Kowalik Barbara , Majewska Małgorzata P. , Kędzierska Aneta , McEwan Neil R. , Bełżecki Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the presence of protozoa in the rumen of wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) on the bacteria composition and digestion rate of the main carbohydrates of forage. The research material involved rumen content and rumen fluid, which were collected in the autumn-winter season, from eight adult males of roe deer with an average body mass of 22.6 kg. The microscopic analysis demonstrated that there were only protozoa in 50% of the animals sampled. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of protozoa belonging to the genus Entodinium. The density of protozoal population varied from 6.5 to 38.7 × 105/mL rumen fluid. The analysis of bacteria composition indicated that protozoa did not have an effect on bacterial diversity. Furthermore, the results of hydrolytic activity revealed that the fastest digestion of carbohydrates was for pectin, while the slowest was inulin. The pH and redox potential in the rumen varied from 5.9 to 6.1 and from −248.1 to −251.1 mV, respectively. In summary, the presence of protozoa in the rumen of wild roe deer does not have an effect on the bacterial population and has no effect on the digestion rate of carbohydrates in the rumen.
A New Penicillin?
Authors: Wainwright Mark
Published: March 2020

The spectre of antimicrobial resistance looms very large indeed in the 21st century; the supply of efficacious conventional drugs is short and not guaranteed, for various reasons. It is time to look elsewhere for answers and for protocols which might be used in tandem with our diminishing arsenal in order to protect vital drugs. This could bridge the gap before new development in conventional antimicrobial therapy occurs, or might be a longer-term solution, particularly in the area of infectious disease prophylaxis (conventional-sensitive or -resistant). Reliable and safe protocols have been developed for the use of photoantimicrobials in this respect, offering much greater coverage, in terms of the microbial target, than Fleming ever imagined.
BIM-LEAN as a Methodology to Save Execution Costs in Building Construction—An Experience under the Spanish Framework
Authors: Andújar-Montoya María Dolores , Galiano-Garrigós Antonio , Echarri-Iribarren Víctor , Rizo-Maestre Carlos
Published: March 2020

Current market conditions characterized by technological changes, increasing regulatory requirements and low funding make current construction management models obsolete. This tendency affects not only the private housing market but also public administration projects, which have large time and budget deviations across the board. As a result, new approaches are needed to improve the efficiency of the construction process, removing extra costs and delivering projects on time. The most representative trends in the construction industry that enable such improvements are both Building Information Modelling paradigm (BIM) and Lean Construction philosophy with one of its associated tools in the field of construction management—the Last Planner System. However, a review of the literature shows the scarcity of works on the synergy of both paradigms taking into account the extensive literature on Lean and BIM individually. This is further accused if we look beyond the theoretical literature reviews. Therefore, this paper is focused on the benefits derived from the synergy of both disciplines and the impacts on project efficiency through a case study of a public construction project at the university of Alicante in order to provide empirical evidence of the benefits and improvements of using BIM at the Look Ahead meetings and of the Last Planner System. Finally, the results of the case study allow us to make a comparison with the data related to cost deviations of other public projects with different uses, built areas, and complexity which were managed with traditional methods of construction.
Determination of a Complete Conversion Model for Gasification of Lignite Char
Authors: Heinze Christian , Langner Eric , May Jan , Epple Bernd
Published: March 2020

The conversion of solid fuels via gasification is a viable method to produce valuable fuels and chemicals or electricity while also offering the option of carbon capture. Fluidized bed gasifiers are most suitable for abundantly available low-rank coal. The design of these gasifiers requires well-developed kinetic models of gasification. Numerous studies deal with single aspects of char gasification, like influence of gas compositions or pre-treatment. Nevertheless, no unified theory for the gasification mechanisms exists that is able to explain the reaction rate over the full range of possible temperatures, gas compositions, carbon conversion, etc. This study aims to demonstrate a rigorous methodology to provide a complete char gasification model for all conditions in a fluidized bed gasifier for one specific fuel. The non-isothermal thermogravimetric method was applied to steam and CO2 gasification from 500 °C to 1100 °C. The inhibiting effect of product gases H2 and CO was taken into account. All measurements were evaluated for their accuracy with the Allan variance. Two reaction models (i.e., Arrhenius and Langmuir–Hinshelwood) and four conversion models (i.e., volumetric model, grain model, random pore model and Johnson model) were fitted to the measurement results and assessed depending on their coefficient of determination. The results for the chosen char show that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction model together with the Johnson conversion model is most suitable to describe the char conversion for both steam and CO2 gasification of the tested lignite. The coefficient of determination is 98% and 95%, respectively.
Hammer Throw: A Pilot Study for a Novel Digital-Route for Diagnosing and Improving Its Throw Quality
Authors: Wan Bingjun , Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Ye , Zhang Xiang , Li Hua , Shan Gongbing
Published: March 2020

The world record of the hammer throw has not been broken since 1986. This stagnation is multifactorial. One dominant factor could be the lack of evidence-based scientific/biofeedback training. This study aims to identify key parameters influencing throw quality and structure a new digital method for biofeedback training. Wire-tension measurement and 3D motion capture technology (VICON 12-camera system) were applied in quantifying and comparing throws of a national-level and a college-level athlete. Our results reveal that multi-joint coordination influences heavily on wire-tension generation. Four phases, i.e., initiation, transition, turns, and throw, play various roles in evaluating the quality of a throw. Among them, the transition, the third turn, and the throw display explosive/rapid increases of tension. For improving the effectiveness of the skill, the whip-like control and proper SSC (stretch-shortening cycle) of muscle groups involved should be established through years of training. Furthermore, our study unveils that quick and complex full-body control could be quantified and characterized by four key parameters: wire-tension, hand- and hip-height, and trunk tilt. Hence, a wearable digital device with tension and three Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors would have great potential in realizing real-time biomechanical feedback training in practice for evaluating and improving the efficiency of various training programs.
Dynamics Modeling and Theoretical Study of the Two-Axis Four-Gimbal Coarse–Fine Composite UAV Electro-Optical Pod
Authors: Shen Cheng , Fan Shixun , Jiang Xianliang , Tan Ruoyu , Fan Dapeng
Published: March 2020

In the UAV electro-optical pod of the two-axis four-gimbal, the characteristics of a coarse–fine composite structure and the complexity of dynamics modeling affect the entire system’s high precision control performance. The core goal of this paper is to solve the high precision control of a two-axis four-gimbal electro-optical pod through dynamic modeling and theoretical study. In response to this problem, we used finite element analysis (FEA) and stress study of the key component to design the structure. The gimbals adopt the aerospace material 7075-t3510 aluminum alloy in order to meet the requirements of an ultralight weight of less than 1 kg. According to the Euler rigid body dynamics model, the transmission path and kinematics coupling compensation matrix between the two-axis four-gimbal structures are obtained. The coarse–fine composite self-correction drive equation in the Cartesian system is derived to solve the pre-selection and check problem of the mechatronic under high-precision control. Finally, the modeling method is substituted into the disturbance observer (DOB) disturbance suppression experiment, which can monitor and compensate for the motion coupling between gimbal structures in real time. Results show that the disturbance suppression impact of the DOB method with dynamics model is increased by up to 90% compared to PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation method) and is 25% better than the traditional DOB method.
Dynamics of Cylindrical Parts for Vibratory Conveying
Authors: Comand Nicola , Doria Alberto
Published: March 2020

Vibratory conveyors are widely used to feed raw materials and small parts to processing equipment. Up to now, most of the research has focused on materials and parts that can be modeled as point masses or small blocks. This paper focuses on the conveying of cylindrical parts. In this case, the rolling motion is an essential feature of conveyor dynamics. First, the dynamic equations governing the rolling motion are stated, and the effects of friction and rolling resistance coefficients on the behavior of the system are analyzed. Then, a non-linear numerical model is developed in MATLAB. It takes into account the transition between pure rolling and rolling with sliding and the impacts of the cylindrical part on the edges of the conveyor. Numerical results showing the effect of the operative parameters of the conveyor and of friction properties on the traveled distance are presented and discussed. Finally, a comparison between numerical and experimental results is presented.