bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Damage Assessment Using Multisensor Dual-Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for the 2016 M 6.2 Amatrice Earthquake, Italy
Authors: Karimzadeh Sadra , Mastuoka Masashi
Published: March 2017

On 24 August 2016, the M 6.2 Amatrice earthquake struck central Italy, well-known as a seismically active region, causing considerable damage to buildings in the town of Amatrice and the surrounding area. Damage from this earthquake was assessed quantitatively by means of multitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence and SAR intensity methods using dual-polarized SAR data obtained from the Sentinel-1 (VV, VH) and ALOS-2 (HH, HV) satellites. We developed linear discriminant functions based on three items: (1) the differential coherence values; (2) the differential backscattering intensity values of pre- and post-event images; and (3) a binary damage map of the optical pre- and post-event imagery. The accuracy of the proposed model was 84% for the Sentinel-1 data and 76% for the ALOS-2 data. The damage proxy maps deduced from the linear discriminant functions can be useful in the parcel-by-parcel assessment of building damage and development of spatial models for the allocation of urban search and rescue operations.
Sensing Attribute Weights: A Novel Basic Belief Assignment Method
Authors: Jiang Wen , Zhuang Miaoyan , Xie Chunhe , Wu Jun
Published: March 2017

Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is widely used in many soft sensors data fusion systems on account of its good performance for handling the uncertainty information of soft sensors. However, how to determine basic belief assignment (BBA) is still an open issue. The existing methods to determine BBA do not consider the reliability of each attribute; at the same time, they cannot effectively determine BBA in the open world. In this paper, based on attribute weights, a novel method to determine BBA is proposed not only in the closed world, but also in the open world. The Gaussian model of each attribute is built using the training samples firstly. Second, the similarity between the test sample and the attribute model is measured based on the Gaussian membership functions. Then, the attribute weights are generated using the overlap degree among the classes. Finally, BBA is determined according to the sensed attribute weights. Several examples with small datasets show the validity of the proposed method.
RAGE Plays a Role in LPS-Induced NF-κB Activation and Endothelial Hyperpermeability
Authors: Wang Liqun , Wu Jie , Guo Xiaohua , Huang Xuliang , Huang Qiaobing
Published: March 2017

Endothelial functional dysregulation and barrier disruption contribute to the initiation and development of sepsis. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of RAGE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in endothelial cells and the consequent endothelial hyperpermeability. LPS-induced upregulation of RAGE protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected by western blotting. Activation of NF-κB was revealed using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. LPS-elicited endothelial hyperpermeability was explored by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) assay and endothelial monolayer permeability assay. The blocking antibody specific to RAGE was used to confirm the role of RAGE in LPS-mediated NF-κB activation and endothelial barrier disruption. We found that LPS upregulated the protein expression of RAGE in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HUVECs. Moreover, LPS triggered a significant phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in endothelial permeability after LPS treatment. However, the RAGE blocking antibody attenuated LPS-evoked NF-κB activation and endothelial hyperpermeability. Our results suggest that RAGE plays an important role in LPS-induced NF-κB activation and endothelial barrier dysfunction.
An Exact Model-Based Method for Near-Field Sources Localization with Bistatic MIMO System
Authors: Singh Parth , Wang Yide , Chargé Pascal
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we propose an exact model-based method for near-field sources localization with a bistatic multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) radar system, and compare it with an approximated model-based method. The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient way to use the exact model of the received signals of near-field sources in order to eliminate the systematic error introduced by the use of approximated model in most existing near-field sources localization techniques. The proposed method uses parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition to deal with the exact model. Thanks to the exact model, the proposed method has better precision and resolution than the compared approximated model-based method. The simulation results show the performance of the proposed method.
A Two-Phase Time Synchronization-Free Localization Algorithm for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Luo Junhai , Fan Liying
Published: March 2017

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) can enable a broad range of applications such as resource monitoring, disaster prevention, and navigation-assistance. Sensor nodes location in UWSNs is an especially relevant topic. Global Positioning System (GPS) information is not suitable for use in UWSNs because of the underwater propagation problems. Hence, some localization algorithms based on the precise time synchronization between sensor nodes that have been proposed for UWSNs are not feasible. In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm called Two-Phase Time Synchronization-Free Localization Algorithm (TP-TSFLA). TP-TSFLA contains two phases, namely, range-based estimation phase and range-free evaluation phase. In the first phase, we address a time synchronization-free localization scheme based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain the coordinates of the unknown sensor nodes. In the second phase, we propose a Circle-based Range-Free Localization Algorithm (CRFLA) to locate the unlocalized sensor nodes which cannot obtain the location information through the first phase. In the second phase, sensor nodes which are localized in the first phase act as the new anchor nodes to help realize localization. Hence, in this algorithm, we use a small number of mobile beacons to help obtain the location information without any other anchor nodes. Besides, to improve the precision of the range-free method, an extension of CRFLA achieved by designing a coordinate adjustment scheme is updated. The simulation results show that TP-TSFLA can achieve a relative high localization ratio without time synchronization.
Acoustic NLOS Identification Using Acoustic Channel Characteristics for Smartphone Indoor Localization
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Danjie , Wang Xinheng , Schindelhauer Christian , Wang Zhi
Published: March 2017

As the demand for indoor localization is increasing to support our daily life in large and complex indoor environments, sound-based localization technologies have attracted researchers’ attention because they have the advantages of being fully compatible with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) smartphones, they have high positioning accuracy and low-cost infrastructure. However, the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) phenomenon poses a great challenge and has become the technology bottleneck for practical applications of acoustic smartphone indoor localization. Through identifying and discarding the NLOS measurements, the positioning performance can be improved by incorporating only the LOS measurements. In this paper, we focus on identifying NLOS components by characterizing the acoustic channels. Firstly, by analyzing indoor acoustic propagations, the changes of acoustic channel from the line-of-sight (LOS) condition to the NLOS condition are characterized as the difference of channel gain and channel delay between the two propagation scenarios. Then, an efficient approach to estimate relative channel gain and delay based on the cross-correlation method is proposed, which considers the mitigation of the Doppler Effect and reduction of the computational complexity. Nine novel features have been extracted, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a radial-based function (RBF) kernel is used to realize NLOS identification. The experimental result with an overall 98.9% classification accuracy based on a data set with more than 10 thousand measurements shows that the proposed identification approach and features are effective in acoustic NLOS identification for acoustic indoor localization via a smartphone. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed SVM classifier, the performance of an SVM classifier is compared with that of traditional classifiers based on logistic regression (LR) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results also show that a SVM with the RBF kernel function method outperforms others in acoustic NLOS identification.
Optimal Remanufacturing Certification Contracts in the Electrical and Electronic Industry
Authors: Liu Huihui , Yue Xiaohang , Ding Hui , Leong G.
Published: March 2017

While remanufacturing is highly encouraged worldwide, some original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the electrical and electronics industry are still not willing to embrace remanufacturing, for fear of expensive investment or the cannibalization of existing products. Meanwhile, third-party remanufacturers’ (TPRs) remanufactured products are developing quickly. Due to quality reasons, consumers usually have a higher preference for OEM-certified remanufactured products than uncertified ones. As such, remanufacturing certification has become a strategy that OEMs can use to benefit from product remanufacturing. Our paper focuses on the remanufacturing certification contract between an OEM and a TPR. Once certified, the TPR makes payments to the OEM. These payment terms will affect their enthusiasm for participating in remanufacturing certification. By establishing game models among an OEM, a certified TPR, and an uncertified TPR, our paper explores three certification contracts, namely, the lump-sum payment, profit-sharing payment, and piece-rate payment. We identify the conditions for the OEM and certified TPR to reach a win-win outcome. Our results show that when TPRs have a high profit margin and there is no significant difference in consumers’ preferences between certified and non-certified remanufacturing channels, the profit-sharing payment contract yields the highest profit; otherwise, the piece-rate payment contract is best for the OEM.
Efficacy of Landfill Tax and Subsidy Policies for the Emergence of Industrial Symbiosis Networks: An Agent-Based Simulation Study
Authors: Fraccascia Luca , Giannoccaro Ilaria , Albino Vito
Published: March 2017

Despite the theoretical value of industrial symbiosis (IS), this approach appears to be underdeveloped in terms of practical applications. Different attempts to stimulate IS in practice are noticed, one of them consisting in the application of adequate policy measures. This paper explores the efficacy of two specific policies (landfill tax and economic subsidy for IS exchanges) in supporting the emergence of self-organized industrial symbiosis networks (ISNs). We frame the ISNs as complex adaptive systems and we design an agent-based model to simulate their emergence. We use a real case study and, by means of the simulation model, we assess how the two policy measures are able to enhance the formation of spontaneous IS relationships, thereby forcing the emergence of the ISN. Results show that both policy measures have a positive effect in all scenarios considered, but the extent is strictly dependent on the environmental conditions in which IS relationships occur. The economic implications for the government are finally discussed.
Perspective of Sustainable Rural Tourism in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK): Comparative Study of β and σ Convergence in the Economic Development Regions
Authors: Butnaru Gina , Haller Alina
Published: March 2017

Tourism is an activity which globally develops proportionally with the evolution of progress. The opportunities we enjoy are bigger than ever, but their price should be lowered in order for the global society to develop its wealth. This can be performed by sustainability, a concept which will join in the future all economic activities, not only tourism. Our analysis is focused on the specific case of the UK, one of the main tourist destinations in the world. It is well known that cultural tourism is the form attracting the highest number of foreign visitors. However, we can see the importance given to rural tourism. The main methods used to perform the present analysis are β and σ convergence. They proved their efficiency in other research studies, which led to a high degree of accuracy of the results. β and σ convergence analysis is performed on a sample of 12 Economic Development Regions from the UK, among which we will determine the degree of convergence and divergence of sustainable rural tourism.
Integration of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Strategy Map, and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for a Sustainability Business Framework: A Case Study of a Spanish Software Factory in the Financial Sector
Authors: Pérez César Álvarez , Montequín Vicente Rodríguez , Fernández Francisco Ortega , Balsera Joaquín Villanueva
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a case study of how a Spanish financial software factory (FSF) has determined the weights of the indicators and objectives included in their strategy map with the aim of ensuring its business sustainability. A strategy map is a graphical representation of the cause-effect relationships between strategic objectives and indicators of a balanced scorecard (BSC). The detailed description of the strategy map development and deployment is not part of the aim of this work as it was described in a former paper. In this study, FAHP, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method using the concepts of fuzzy set theory and hierarchical structure analysis, was used to calculate the weights. The analysis was carried out considering the points of view of different groups of stakeholders (shareholders, top management, middle managers, other employees, customers and some experts in the field of software factories) and the results are presented grouped by role to get a better understanding of the preferences of each kind of stakeholder. The conclusions of this study give a better insight of the corporative sustainability strategies of this kind of firms as well as the different vision of each stakeholder, what could be very valuable to the software factory managers for the decision-making and the strategic management of their organizations.
Patient participation in general practice based undergraduate teaching: a focus group study of patient perspectives
Authors: Park Sophie E , Allfrey Caroline , Jones Melvyn M , Chana Jasprit , Abbott Ciara , Faircloth Sofia , Higgins Nicola , Abdullah Laila
Published: March 2017

Background

Patients make a crucial contribution to undergraduate medical education. Although a national resource is available for patients participating in research, none is as yet available for education.

Aim

This study aimed to explore what information patients would like about participation in general practice based undergraduate medical education, and how they would like to obtain this information.

Design and setting

Two focus groups were conducted in London-based practices involved in both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.

Method

Patients both with and without teaching experience were recruited using leaflets, posters, and patient participation groups. An open-ended topic guide explored three areas: perceived barriers that participants anticipated or had experienced; patient roles in medical education; and what help would support participation. Focus groups were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

Results

Patients suggested ways of professionalising the teaching process. These were: making information available to patients about confidentiality, iterative consent, and normalising teaching in the practice. Patients highlighted the importance of relationships, making information available about their GPs’ involvement in teaching, and initiating student–patient interactions. Participants emphasised educational principles to maximise exchange of information, including active participation of students, patient identification of student learner needs, and exchange of feedback.

Conclusion

This study will inform development of patient information resources to support their participation in teaching and access to information both before and during general practice based teaching encounters.
CAPD Catheter Exit-Site and Tunnel Infection with Fungal Etiology—Treatment and Catheter Reinsertion for an Extremely Rare Complication
Authors: Jhawar Manmeet Singh , Das Jasmin , George Pratish , Luther Anil
Published: March 2017

Fungal infection is an extremely rare etiology of exit-site and tunnel infection in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There are few data available regarding its management—especially choice of antifungals, duration of therapy, and removal of catheter. There are no guidelines pertaining to reinsertion of the CAPD catheter following fungal exit-site and tunnel infection. This case report highlights Candida albicans as a rare cause of exit-site and tunnel infection of the CAPD catheter. The catheter was removed and the patient received appropriate antifungal therapy followed by reinsertion of the CAPD catheter and re-initiation on CAPD.
Peritoneal Dialysis: A Scoping Review of Strategies to Maximize pd Utilization
Authors: Mann Bikaramjit S. , Manns Braden J. , Barnieh Lianne , Oliver Matthew J. , Devoe Daniel , Lorenzetti Dianne , Pauly Robert , Quinn Robert R.
Published: March 2017

The percentage of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has declined in many countries since the mid-1990s. Barriers to PD have been reviewed extensively in the literature, but evidence about strategies to address these barriers and maximize the safe and effective use of PD is lacking. We therefore decided to conduct a scoping review identifying strategies to maximize PD use in adults with ESRD. Our search strategy included the following online databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Current Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for articles published from 1974 to November 2013. Experts in the field were contacted for information about other ongoing or unpublished studies. A complementary search was conducted in the gray literature. Websites of national, provincial or regional agencies were searched for documents regarding policies surrounding the use of PD. Individual dialysis centers need to identify barriers to increasing PD in their program and direct targeted strategies to maximize PD utilization. Our review highlights some effective strategies that may be used. Our review also highlights the need for further research into strategies to maximize PD utilization.
Significant Decreasing Incidence of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in the Dutch Population of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Betjes Michiel G.H. , Habib Sayed M. , Boeschoten Els W. , Hemke Aline C. , Struijk Dick G. , Westerhuis Ralph , Abrahams Alferso C. , Korte Mario R.
Published: March 2017

The Dutch Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) Registry was started in 2009. Cases were identified by contacting all Dutch nephrologists twice yearly. The predefined criteria for EPS allowed for inclusion of patients with diagnosed and suspected EPS. Cases registered between January 2009 and January 2015 were analyzed with follow-up until September 2015. Fifty-three EPS cases were identified, of which 28.3% were post-transplantation EPS cases. Fourteen patients were initially categorized as suspected EPS, of whom 13 developed EPS. A remarkable 6-fold decrease in the yearly incidence of EPS was observed, from 0.85% in 2009 to 0.14% in 2014. This decrease could not be explained by a decrease in the number of PD patients or average duration of PD treatment in this period. Two-year survival of EPS patients was 52%. The use of tamoxifen and surgical interventions increased significantly over the years. Tamoxifen-treated cases showed a trend to better patient survival and post-transplantation EPS had a significantly favorable outcome. In conclusion, the incidence of EPS has declined significantly in the Netherlands from 2009 to 2014.
The ‘Pull’ Technique for Removal of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters: A Call for Re-Evaluation of Practice Standards
Authors: Grieff Marvin , Mamo Elizabeth , Scroggins Gina , Kurchin Alexander
Published: March 2017

Background

The most commonly used peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters have silicon tubing with attached Dacron cuffs. The current standard of care for PD catheter removal is by complete surgical dissection, withdrawing both the tubing and the cuffs. The intention is to avoid infection of any residual part of the catheter. We retrospectively analyzed our results with the alternative ‘pull’ technique, by which the silicon tube is pulled out, leaving the Dacron cuffs within the abdominal wall. This technique never gained popularity due to concern that the retained cuffs would get infected.

Methods

We reviewed our experience from an 18-month period, between January 2014 and June 2015. There were 46 catheter removals in 40 patients. All the catheters were of the double-cuffed coiled Tenckhoff type (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland).

Results

Of the 46 catheter removals by the ‘pull’ technique, there was only 1 case of retained cuff infection.

Conclusions

The ‘pull’ technique is a safe method for Tenckhoff catheter removal with low risk of infection. We strongly recommend it as the procedure of choice.
Peritoneal Dialysis to Treat Patients with Acute Kidney Injury—The Saving Young Lives Experience in West Africa: Proceedings of the Saving Young Lives Session at the First International Conference of Dialysis in West Africa, Dakar, Senegal, December 2015
Authors: Abdou Niang , Antwi Sampson , Koffi Laurence Adonis , Lalya Francis , Adabayeri Victoria May , Nyah Norah , Palmer Dennis , Brusselmans Ariane , Cullis Brett , Feehally John , McCulloch Mignon , Smoyer William , Finkelstein Fredric O.
Published: March 2017

In December 2015, as part of the First African Dialysis Conference organized in Dakar, Senegal, 5 physicians from West African countries who have participated in the Saving Young Lives Program reviewed their experiences establishing peritoneal dialysis (PD) programs to treat patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Thus far, nearly 200 patients have received PD treatment in these countries. The interaction and discussion amongst the participants at the meeting was meaningful and informative. The presentations highlighted the creativity, conviction, and determination of the physicians in overcoming the various barriers and challenges they encountered to establish PD/AKI programs. Hopefully, these successes and the increased awareness of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of AKI will inspire much needed support from government, hospital, and international organizations.
Successful Treatment of PD Peritonitis Due to Morganella morganii Resistant to Third-Generation Cephalosporins – A Case Report
Authors: Keskar Vaibhav , Biyani Mohan , Amin Syed Obaid , Knoll Greg
Published: March 2017

Morganella morganii is a rare cause of peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Most of the reported cases have resorted to a switch to hemodialysis. We herein report a case of peritonitis due to M. morganii resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, which was treated successfully with intraperitoneal (IP) tobramycin followed by oral ciprofloxacin. Early microbiologic diagnosis is essential in the treatment of peritonitis from rare microorganisms such as Morganella morganii, and appropriate antibiotic therapy is the key to avoiding catheter loss and subsequent switch to hemodialysis.
The Bright and Dark Sides of High-redshift Starburst Galaxies from Herschel and Subaru Observations
Authors: Puglisi A. , Daddi E. , Renzini A. , Rodighiero G. , Silverman J. D. , Kashino D. , Rodríguez-Muñoz L. , Mancini C. , Mainieri V. , Man A. , Franceschini A. , Valentino F. , Calabrò A. , Jin S. , Darvish B. , Maier C. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Sanders D. B.
Published: March 2017

We present rest-frame optical spectra from the FMOS-COSMOS survey of 12 z ∼ 1.6 Herschel starburst galaxies, with star formation rate (SFR) elevated by ×8, on average, above the star-forming main sequence (MS). Comparing the Hα to IR luminosity ratio and the Balmer decrement, we find that the optically thin regions of the sources contain on average only ∼10% of the total SFR, whereas ∼90% come from an extremely obscured component that is revealed only by far-IR observations and is optically thick even in Hα. We measure the [N ii]6583/Hα ratio, suggesting that the less obscured regions have a metal content similar to that of the MS population at the same stellar masses and redshifts. However, our objects appear to be metal-rich outliers from the metallicity–SFR anticorrelation observed at fixed stellar mass for the MS population. The [S ii]6732/[S ii]6717 ratio from the average spectrum indicates an electron density n
e ∼ 1100 cm−3 , larger than what was estimated for MS galaxies but only at the 1.5σ level. Our results provide supporting evidence that high-z MS outliers are analogous of local ULIRGs and are consistent with a major-merger origin for the starburst event.
Théologie et sainteté dans l’œuvre de Louis Bouyer
Authors: Weill Marie-David
Published: March 2017

Un divorce désastreux entre théologie et vie spirituelle a trop longtemps affecté l’Église. Le xx e  siècle a largement inversé cette tendance, et c’est dans cette perspective que s’inscrit l’effort théologique de Louis Bouyer. Pour l’oratorien, la théologie, par nature contemplative et eucharistique, accompagne le chemin de conversion et de sanctification du théologien lui-même, comme de ceux auxquels il s’adresse. Sur ce chemin, la Vierge Marie et les saints sont pour le théologien un modèle.
L’entraînement technique et tactique des équipes professionnelles françaises de football entre 1942 et 1990
Authors: Grün Laurent
Published: March 2017

Depuis 1942, l’entraînement tactique et technique mené par les entraîneurs des clubs professionnels français de football passe d’une phase de tâtonnement expérimental à une réflexion plus aboutie menée par la Direction Technique Nationale (DTN). La référence aux grandes équipes, souvent les sélections nationales étrangères, est quasi permanente. Mais jusqu’aux années 1980, il s’agit moins de recopier les techniques d’entraînement que de s’inspirer des façons de jouer de ces sélections étrangères, même au niveau des clubs, sans d’ailleurs nécessairement posséder les joueurs adéquats pour cela. Malgré quelques innovateurs comme Paul Frantz (RC Strasbourg) et surtout José Arribas (FC Nantes) dans les années 1960, les procédés d’entraînement demeurent analytiques et les versants techniques et tactiques restent longtemps abordés séparément. Les résultats internationaux du football français, tant au niveau des clubs que de l’équipe nationale, s’en ressentent et inquiètent les différents acteurs. Ce n’est qu’à partir des années 1980 que les aspects techniques et tactiques de l’entraînement des footballeurs cessent d’être dissociés pour se conjuguer systématiquement même si certaines influences avaient émergé depuis les années 1970 avec Stefan Kovacs, coach de l’équipe de France entre 1975 et 1973, ou avec Robert Herbin coach de l’AS Saint-Étienne. La référence aux entraîneurs d’Allemagne fédérale va conduire la DTN à former des entraîneurs français capables de concevoir des entraînements intégrés, mêlant à la fois les versants techniques, tactiques, physiques, mais également psychologiques. La fonction et le rôle même de l’entraîneur s’en trouvent modifiés : de simple applicateur directeur de jeu, il devient stratège et concepteur.
La lutte pour la légitimité : la controverse sur la défense de zone chez les entraîneurs de football espagnols dans les années 1990
Authors: García-Martí Carlos
Published: March 2017

Cet article vise à améliorer les connaissances sur la façon dont les questions et les méthodes de formation tactique évoluent au fil du temps et comment les cultures nationales d’entraînement changent en raison des influences étrangères et des facteurs sociaux. En particulier, nous nous concentrerons sur la façon dont les idées d’Arrigo Sacchi sur la défense de zone ainsi que celles sur l’entraînement, importées par les entraîneurs néerlandais, ont modifié les pratiques et la culture professionnelle des entraîneurs espagnols à la fin des années 1980 et au début des années 1990. Dans ce but, vingt-trois entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés (anciens entraîneurs, anciens footballeurs espagnols, préparateur physique) tous travaillant en première ou en deuxième division du football professionnel de l’époque. La synthèse de ces entretiens montre une certaine résistance de la part des entraîneurs espagnols établis à ces nouvelles formes d’entraînement plus théoriques et abstraites. Toutefois, c’est seulement à partir du moment où une nouvelle génération d’entraîneurs, bénéficiant du soutien des médias, se verra reconnaître une légitimité effective en matière de connaissances footballistiques que ces nouvelles modalités d’entraînement seront adoptées. Ainsi, les idées tactiques déterminent non seulement la manière dont les équipes jouent sur le terrain de football, mais aussi leurs relations sociales et leurs profils professionnels. Il reste alors à explorer comment elles sont influencées par un contexte social plus large et comment cette « révolution » de la défense de zone est liée au processus de marchandisation du football.
La montée de la « lourde machine du sport rouge » et l’avènement de la programmation journalière de l’entraînement moderne
Authors: Bourne Nick , Vivier Christian
Published: March 2017

Cette intervention rend compte de la montée de la « lourde machine du sport rouge soviétique » qui associe la science et, plus particulièrement, la programmation journalière moderne. La programmation peut être définie comme la manipulation cyclique d’entraînement et de charge de travail en compétition de manière systématique afin de maintenir un équilibre relatif entre le stress et la récupération dans le but d’obtenir des gains optimaux lors de performances sportives humaines (non bioniques). Les origines de la programmation peuvent remonter aux Grecs où les plus anciennes histoires d’athlètes ont été enregistrées. Après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et la période de la domination idéologique, l’Union soviétique a utilisé le sport comme un moyen pour tenter de démontrer la supériorité du système communiste. Prêt à tout pour avoir les meilleurs résultats sportifs, ils ont appliqué le « bord coupant » en sciences du sport et permis l’avènement de la programmation journalière moderne. Le professeur Lev Pavlovich Matveyev de l’Institut central de la culture physique à Moscou, le soi-disant « père » de la périodisation fut un instrument dans la genèse de la théorie de l’entraînement. Après avoir fait connaître ses recherches en 1962, Matveyev publie les Fondamentaux de l’entraînement sportif en 1965, livre qui a été traduit en plus de 40 langues. Pour formuler son idée, l’auteur a analysé les performances athlétiques et le profil d’entraînement de plusieurs milliers d’athlètes de haut niveau dans des sports qui peuvent être facilement quantifiés comme l’athlétisme, la natation et l’haltérophilie. En réunissant ces données, il en a déduit la théorie de la périodisation qui a guidé les processus d’entraînement afin d’accéder au pic de performance au bon moment. La programmation continuerait tellement à révolutionner l’entraînement et la performance sportive qu’au tournant du XXI e  siècle, elle serait au fondement de la plupart des théories et des pratiques de coaching de tous les entraînements des sportifs sérieux. En utilisant des recherches de première main, incluant une interview du professeur Matveyev lui-même, cet article rend compte de la genèse, de l’évolution et de l’impact de la périodisation.
La casa de los Miradores de Diego de Siloe: un palco en la plaza mayor de Granada
Authors: Barrios Rozúa Juan Manuel
Published: March 2017

Por orden del cabildo municipal de Granada el arquitecto Diego de Siloe diseñó para la plaza de Bibarrambla un edificio de miradores que constituyó uno de los más armoniosos ejemplos en su género. El artículo intenta completar nuestra visión de este notable ejemplo de la arquitectura civil del renacimiento español aportando algunas precisiones descriptivas, el análisis de sus orígenes compositivos, y la historia de las transformaciones y usos que conoció.
The Importance of e-Learning as a Teaching and Learning Approach in Emerging Markets
Authors: Wong Amy Ooi , Sixl-Daniell Karin
Published: March 2017

Technological advances in information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of e-learning systems that can be used effectively as a teaching and learning approach. For emerging markets, e-learning is of special relevance, as it can provide access to education at a relatively low cost compared with traditional settings as there is no associated travel or housing costs. Additionally, internet access in emerging markets has increased steadily in the recent years.

This paper discusses the importance of e-learning as a teaching and learning approach and its relevance in emerging markets. The paper presents some findings from four sections of a Faculty Certificate of Online Training (FCOT) program conducted by GlobalNxt University. The learners consist of faculty from India (n=20), South Africa (n=19) and Malaysia (n=9), which are representative of countries in the emerging markets. The paper examines the implications of the findings, and concludes with possible directions for the future of e-learning as a teaching and learning approach in emerging markets.
L’anticipation comme actualisation
Authors: Mondémé Chloé
Published: March 2017

L’anticipation est généralement conçue comme un phénomène qui, d’un point de vue temporel et logique, est antérieur à une action ou une situation donnée. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’interroger cette conception en nous intéressant en détail à ce que l’anticipation fait à l’action qu’elle anticipe. En détail c’est-à-dire, très littéralement, en observant dans des situations d’interactions ordinaires les effets que peut produire le fait d’anticiper une action. En l’occurrence, dans des situations d’apprentissage entre hommes et chiens comme celles que nous examinons, anticiper une action en l’évaluant avant qu’elle n’ait eu lieu contribue en grande part à la configurer. Cette avancée nous conduit à développer une vision proprement pragmatiste de l’action, conçue comme un procès façonné de manière émergente et collaborative par l’ensemble des participants qui l’accomplissent.
Jouer court et/ou jouer long ?
Authors: Juskowiak Hugo
Published: March 2017

L’article tente de montrer que l’accès au plus haut niveau de la pratique footballistique est lié de manière indissociable à un ensemble de réussites à court terme pendant que, dans le même temps, l’investissement extrêmement exigeant dans un quotidien de sportif de haut niveau ne peut être supporté sans la projection au long cours dans une carrière professionnelle. Mais la compréhension, l’acceptation et l’insertion dans ce chevauchement des temporalités ne se construit que lentement et par étapes chez les apprentis footballeurs. Pour certains, il ne se construira même jamais. Dès lors, le travail de l’encadrement technique, soucieux d’établir la valeur sportive et économique des futurs joueurs, va consister, à partir d’un jeu autour des procédures d’évaluation et des contrats de formation disponibles, à s’approprier les cadres temporels prescrits par la Fédération Française de Football pour sélectionner et former les individus jugés les plus aptes à entrer sur le marché des footballeurs professionnels.
Possibilities of Usage of EBSD for Study of DC06 Steel Deformation
Authors: Kejzlar Pavel , Andrsova Zuzana , Švec Martin , Voleský Lukáš , Tregler Michal
Published: March 2017

EBSD is an analytical technique, which uses diffraction of backscattered electrons on the sample’s crystal lattice to determine the crystal structure and orientation. Point-by-point mapping of crystal orientation and misorientation, calculation of sub-grain boundaries angles and statistical processing of grain data allow identifying and displaying elastically and plastically deformed zones, textures. Orientation mapping and pole-and inverse pole figures allow to identify preferred slip planes and texture, however misorientation reveals areas where higher stress concentration appears, dislocation arrays and internal defects.
Active Screen Plasma Nitriding of Titanium Alloy Using Titanium Double Screen
Authors: Nishimoto Akio , Nakazawa Kunishige
Published: March 2017

The low hardness and poor tribological performance of titanium alloys restrict their wide applications in automotive fields. Nitriding is widely used to improve tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel and titanium alloys. Plasma nitriding is becoming increasingly popular because of its high nitrogen potential, short treatment time, and low environmental impact. Recently, considerable interest has been devoted to alternative nitriding methods such as active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN). In this study, a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was nitrided by ASPN using a titanium double screen in order to investigate the effect of applying the double screen on the microstructure of the nitriding layer. The Ti-6Al-4V sample was placed on the sample stage in a cathodic potential. A titanium double screen was mounted on the cathodic stage around the sample stage. The sample was treated for 1-25 hours at 600oC under 200 Pa in 75% N2 + 25% H2 atmosphere. After nitriding, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) revealed that the thickness of the nitriding layer composed of TiN tended to increase with increasing the nitriding time. The Vickers microhardness of the sample surface nitrided for 25 hours reached approximately 1300 HV. Ball-on-disk wear test revealed that a wear loss of nitrided sample considerably decreased than that of untreated sample.
Evaluation of Chemical and Structural Heterogeneity in a Continuously Cast Steel Billet
Authors: Francová Hana , Dobrovská Jana , Vodárek Vlastimil , Michalek Karel , Socha Ladislav , Zlá Simona , Smetana Bedřich
Published: March 2017

Crystallization of metallic materials occurs during their casting and following solidification. The influence of directional material solidification, the size of grains, chemical heterogeneity and existence of any non – compactness, can negatively affect properties of the final product. Microstructural analysis of its longitudinal section was performed to study heterogeneity in a continuously cast steel billet. Three typical areas of the cast structure of the billet were monitored (the chill zone, columnar crystals area and central area of equiaxed crystals). EDX microanalysis and micro-structural analysis were used for evaluation of chemical heterogeneity. Via X-ray microanalysis, concentrations of the following elements were observed: manganese, chromium, silicon, phosphorus, molybdenum and iron. The microanalytical measurements were completed by microhardness measurements in the investigated areas. Based on the measured data it was proven that central areas were enriched with all the substitutional elements including a considerable increase in phosphorus concentration.
Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304 by Fiber Laser
Authors: Bártová Katarína , Dománková Mária , Bárta Jozef
Published: March 2017

Paper deals with the welding of AISI 304 thin sheets with the thickness of 1 mm by fiber laser. Statistical software MiniTab was used for planning the experiment. The influence of laser power, welding speed and focal point position on width and depth of weld bead was examined. Output power, welding speed and focus point position were used as variable factors for DOE. Samples were prepared by standard metallography. Weld bead width and depth were evaluated. Statistical results were afterward verified by welding reference samples with material the thickness of 0.25 mm. The difference between real width of weld bead and predicted width obtained from statistical software was 8.26 %. In case of weld depth measurement, the difference was 23 %.
Use of Metallographic Methods for Determining the Cause of Change of Magnetic Properties of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Pavloušková Zina , Klakurková Lenka , Juliš Martin , Čelko Ladislav , Švejcar Jiří
Published: March 2017

The resource for this contribution was the repeated requirement for determination of the cause of difference in magnetic properties of components made of free-cutting austenitic stainless steel. Customers usually ask for the analysis of chemical composition in case of such problem. Only after that they require the metallographic analysis.
The Study of the Role of Fullerene Black Additive during the Modification of Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Shamelkhanova Nelya Amanjolovna , Uskenbayeva Alma Muratbekovna , Volochko Alexander Tikhonovich , Korolyov Sergey Pavlovich
Published: March 2017

The use of fullerene black (FB) as effective modifying additive to cast iron is substantiated by its high potential. Research of nanoadditives to modifier has shown an increase in graphitization degree and the forming of favorable morphology of globular graphite. The results of microstructural analysis and tribological trials have confirmed an improvement of ductile cast iron’s structure and properties when treated with FB-additive.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Iron with Vermicular Graphite
Authors: Andrsova Zuzana , Kejzlar Pavel , Švec Martin , Skrbek Břetislav
Published: March 2017

Austempered vermicular-graphite iron seem to be a perspective material because of its promising mechanical properties. These properties are strongly affected by parameters of applied heat treatment. Different heat treatment conditions (austenitizing dwell time, isothermal temperature and isothermal dwell) were varied and their effect on the structure and mechanical properties was evaluated and described. Properly selected heat treatment conditions lead to formation of ausferritic matrix with which is responsible for substantial increase in mechanical strength while maintaining sufficient ductility.
Analysis of Surface Layer Defects on Carburized Steel Component after Alkaline Blackening
Authors: Gejdoš Pavel , Klakurková Lenka , Juliš Martin , Horynová Miroslava , Remešová Michaela , Hégr Eduard
Published: March 2017

Alkaline blackening is one of the most popular surface treatment technology of components with the requirement for higher surface corrosion resistance, increased hardness, and the decorative appearance.This contribution deals with the appearance of surface defects on carburized steel components after the process of alkaline blackening, which appeared to be red shiny stains on an otherwise black matte surface of the component. The occurrence of defects on surface was observed several days after the alkaline blackening process. By means of metallographic methods, direct connection between surface defects and the microstructure of the material was found.Contribution further deals with the influence of microstructure and technological parameters on the quality of the final surface layer of the components.
Microstructure Evaluation of Ceramic Materials Used in the Generation IV Reactors
Authors: Marušáková Daniela , Bublíková Petra , Berka Jan , Hamáček Jiří , Kalivodová Jana
Published: March 2017

Ceramics are candidate materials for high temperature reactors as perspective materials for fuel claddings, isolation, holders, exchangers and other heat-stressed components. In this context, particularly Al2O3 which can resist high temperatures is often mentioned as cladding material. Ceramics can also be used for high-temperature systems, mainly for components that are not directly exposed to neutron flux in the reactor core. Under this study, high alumina products - mullite Lunit 73, alumina products Luxal 203 and AG 202 were exposed to the high-temperature air atmosphere and helium atmosphere up to 900°C. Exposed specimens were mechanically polished to study the microstructural changes after exposition. Microstructural evaluation was performed by Light Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Luxal 203 and AG 202 showed no changes in the microstructure, whereas in Lunit 73 new phases were observed.
Microstructure Characterization of La-Ca-Sr-Mn-O Magnetocaloric Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering Method
Authors: Zmorayova Katarina , Diko Pavel , Noudem Jacques G.
Published: March 2017

The influence of different sintering temperatures during Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process on microstructure of La-Ca-Sr-Mn-O ceramics has been studied. The powders of La0.67Ca0.33-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.33; 0.03) (LCSM) perovskite were prepared by milling of the stoichiometric amounts of the starting materials - lanthanum oxide (La2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and manganese oxide (MnO2), and subsequently calcinated twice. After the second calcinations the LCSM powders were treated by SPS method at four different temperatures (1000°C, 1150°C, 1200°C and 1250°C), at uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa in a vacuum. The microstructure characterizations were done by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural observations showed that increasing sintering temperature leads to an increase of grain size. The energy dispersive spectral (EDS) analysis confirmed that higher sintering temperatures cause changes in the phase composition of the investigated LCSM perovskite materials. The benefits of the LCSM samples preparation by SPS process are discussed.
Preparation of Alumina Fibers by Needle-Less Electrospinning
Authors: Mudra Erika , Streckova Magdalena , Kovalcikova Alexandra , Šebek Martin , Girman Vladimír , Dusza Jan
Published: March 2017

In this study the needle-less electrospinning by means of “NanospiderTM“ (ELMARCO) as technology for the preparation of fine α-Al2O3 fibers with diameters of 0.5 - 1.5 µm is presented. The fabrication consists of three steps: i) preparation of spinning solution, ii) electrospinning of the prepared solution and collection of the composite fibers, iii) calcination of the composite precursor fibers. The electrospun fibers were prepared from polyacrylonitrile/N,N-dimethylformamide (PAN/DMF) polymer solution and Al(NO3)3.9H2O in ratio 1/10/1. Thereafter, the precursor fibers were calcined in the furnace at 900, 1100 and 1200 °C with a rate of 5 °C/min in air. The formation of crystalline phases, surface morphology and diameters of metastable and final alumina fibers were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The precursor PAN/Al(NO3)3 fibers were amorphous. The thermal treatment leads to the phase transition from γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 accompanied by removing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The fine porous microfibers composed of pure α-Al2O3 phase were prepared after calcinations at 1200 °C.