bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Falvo Donna R.
Published: June 2019

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) can have significant physical, psychological, socio-economic consequences for those who contract them. Due to the dramatic increase of STD over the last decade considerable attention has been focused on ways in which this epidemic can be controlled. A key to prevention is recognizing behaviors which increase risk for contracting an STD. The proliferation of STD make it inevitable that the rehabilitation counselor will be confronted with problems related to sexual activity which may place the client at risk. Increased awareness and understanding of STD and behaviors which contribute to their spread, as well as a willingness to discuss sexual issues in an atmosphere which is non judgmental can contribute greatly to the rehabilitation counselors ability to promote individual behavioral and perceptual changes which can decrease the clients risk of contracting an STD.
The Work Experience Survey: A Reasonable Accommodation/Career Development Strategy
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Gottcent JoAnne
Published: June 2019

Consistent with provisions of the ADA, the Work Experience Survey (WES) is a structured interview designed to involve employees in identifying their own reasonable accommodation needs. In this case study, five people with multiple sclerosis completed the WES. They reported symptoms typical of multiple sclerosis (chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, balance/coordination problems, cognitive disturbances, and blurred vision) which interfered with their capacity to perform essential job functions. The article discusses their specific work limitations and desired reasonable accommodations which they identified by completing the WES.
Social Reintegration After Traumatic Brain Impairment: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Crisp Ross
Published: June 2019

This study explored the process of social reintegration of 10 persons with traumatic brain impairment. A series of in-depth interviews over a period of 12 months were conducted with all participants. Data were analyzed using procedures utilized by grounded theory and ethnographic researchers; and, resulted in a typology that described different aspects of social reintegration into community life. Implications for rehabilitation counselors and researchers are discussed.
Head Injury: A New Zealand Account
Authors: Dickson Jan , Gregory Robert J.
Published: June 2019

Head injuries represent one of the most difficult challenges for rehabilitation counselors, for each case is unique. This account deals with a situation in which a family in New Zealand was affected, and the discussion examines the consequences, and the available resources that were available to assist.
The Tripartite Model of Rehabilitation Intervention: Basics, Goals & Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Livneh Hanoch
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the tripartite model of rehabilitation as embedded within the broader model of therapeutic interventions. Rehabilitation, or tertiary intervention, can be viewed as addressing specific goals as they relate to diverse junctional limitations. The three phases, or components, of rehabilitation intervention discussed include: (a) disability minimization in an effort to reduce its impact upon life activities; (b) skill development, as an attempt to compensate for limitations imposed by permanent losses; and (c) environmental manipulation to promote physical and social-attitudinal accessibility. The paper concludes with discussion of the model's applicability to the field of rehabilitation counseling.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Vocational Considerations
Authors: Thomas J. Ressler
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the symptoms and treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A case study is used throughout to clarify the counseling strategies discussed, including psychoanalytic therapy, behavioral-cognitive therapy, short term therapy, and psychodynamic therapy utilizing behavioral techniques. Finally, vocational implications for the client with PTSD are addressed.
The Paradoxical Nature of Disability Services: Illustrations from Supported Employment and Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Szymanski Edna Mora , Johnston-Rodriguez Sarah , Millington Michael J. , Rodriguez Benjamin H. , Lagergren Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Paradoxes are common in disability services and present challenges for rehabilitation counseling. Failure to reveal and address both poles of paradoxes can result in unintended consequences. The concept of paradox is illustrated in supported employment. The following two paradoxes are discussed: (a) organizational productivity versus supported employee self-actualization, and (b) support organization survival and profit versus supported employee independence and interdependence. Implications for rehabilitation counseling are discussed.
Abuses of Handicapped Parking
Authors: Little Vicki M. , Marini Irmo
Published: June 2019

This study investigated several aspects of handicapped parking in a small mid-southern town. Specifically, in the first part of the study, city residents were observed unobtrusively in the parking lots of two public places to determine demographic characteristics of who was parking in these spaces. The second phase involved evaluating the number of handicapped parking spaces available in relation to the number of handicapped license plates and temporary and permanent placards issued in the county. The final phase involved identifying from public records, disability categories under which persons were assessed handicapped stickers from their physicians. Results indicated that although a majority of persons USing designated parking did indeed have a visible plate or placard, 67% of the group showed no visible disability (abnormal gait or assistive device). This finding was observed despite the fact that 81% of physician documented reasons for issuing placards/plates were for cases where a person was diagnosed with two disabilities, could not walk more than 100 feet without resting, or was diagnosed as “severely” disabled due to arthritis, neurological, or some orthopedic condition. Implications and recommendations for dealing with this growing occurrence are discussed.
Polio Survivors: Self Concept and Body Image
Authors: Outland Patricia , Coonerty Sheila
Published: June 2019

This study examined the psychological effects of Post Polio Syndrome. In was expected that polio survivors would show more severe signs of depression and have a more negative self concept than a control group, and that severity of depression and poorer self concept would be related to the age of onset of polio. One hundred fifteen polio sutvivors were compared to a fontrol group of adults, who did not have any physically disabling illness throughout childhood, on the Beck Depression Inventory and Tennessee Self Concept Scale. The results revealed that polio survivors showed more severe depression and more negative self concept than the control group; however, age Of onset was not related to either depression or self concept. It is suggested that among the symptoms of Post Polio Syndrome, psychological symptoms need to be considered.
Attributional Style and Depression in Men Receiving Treatment For Chronic Pain
Authors: McGuigan Jane Boyer
Published: June 2019

This study explored the applicability of Seligman's leamed helplessness theory to men receiving treatment for chronic back pain. Negative attributional style and depression scores for 112 men receiving treatment for chronic pain were obtained. Fifty-four men were receiving worker's compensation; fifty-eight were not. Participants voluntarily completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a visual analogue scale measuring perceived ability to control pain. Demographic information was also obtained. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the groups did not differ in negative attributional style scores, but that they did differ in depression scores. No relationship was found between depression, negative attributional style, and perceived level of pain.
Vulnerable Points and Unresolved Issues of Computer Models for Determining Lost Earning Capacity
Authors: Cutler Fred , Cutler Gina , Ramm Amy
Published: June 2019

This essay examines the limitations of current software programs available commerczally to assist vocational rehabilitation counselors and consultants in providing assessments of lost earning capacity. Like any tool, if used with knowledge and understanding these programs assist in the construction of the end product. However, llmltatlOns of the tool and improper or inappropriate use can result in distortions and conclusions beyond what is reasonably defensible.
Individuals with Work-related Disabilities: Locus of Control, Attitudes Toward Work, and Cooperation With The Rehabilitation Worker
Authors: Duvdevany Ilana , Rimmerman Arie
Published: June 2019

The study tested the association between the individual's locus of control, his/her attitudes toward work (“work personality”) and the rehabilitation counselor's evaluation of his/her cooperation with the client among 200 Israelis with work-related disabilities. The core findings were the relationship between the person's locus of control (internal) and his/her attitudes toward work (“work personality”), and between the degree of cooperation with the client and the latter favorable attitudes toward his/her work. Findings are interpreted in respect to practice.
After Independent Living, What Next? A Primer on Independence for People with Disabilities, Their Families, and Service Providers
Authors: Potter Carol Grant
Published: June 2019

Independent living has evolved from legislative language into a philosophical framework for services designed to enhance opportunities for independence for people with disabilities. Although sometimes difficult to accomplish, providing services consistent with the independent living philosophy can foster a spirit of self-sufficiency and individuality in consumers. A life-long goal for people with disabilities is to develop personal visions of independence that embrace disability, but do not depend solely on disability for absolute definition. People with disabilities and their families know from personal experience the complexities of maintaining a balance between disability-related issues and the part of life that has little to do with disability status. This article explores various definitions of independence, the development of personal visions unconstrained by disability, and the role of independent living centers in the lives of people who happen to have disabilities.
Cultural Diversity: A Content Analysis of the Rehabilitation Literature
Authors: Harley Debra A. , Feist-Price Sonja , Alston Reginald J.
Published: June 2019

A content analysis of five rehabilitation journals from 1984 thru 1994 was conducted to determine the extent to which cultural diversity was addressed. Cultural diversity was defined based on the following categories: age, gender, language, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. The analysis identified the prevalence of cultural diversity articles, the definitional categories included, the most frequently published primary authors, the authors most frequently published based on gender, and the number of empirical and theoretical articles.
What Rehabilitation Counselors Need to Know About Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Glantz Terry M. , Hunt Brandon
Published: June 2019

This paper examines counseling issues rehabilitation counselors are likely to encounter when working with adult survivors of child sexual abuse. First, this paper defines child sexual abuse and reviews statistics on prevalence among people with disabilities. It then examines adult psychosocial dysfunction and symptomatology, mental health issues, and substance abuse related to child sexual abuse. Finally, an overview of treatment considerations and implications for rehabilitation counselors is given.
Ethnic Content in Rehabilitation Journals
Authors: Gordon Robin Perkins , Patterson Jeanne Boland
Published: June 2019

Given the ethnicity of many consumers, cultural diversity issues deserve scholarly debate, discussion, and investigation in the professional rehabilitation literature. This study, which investigated the prevalence of refereed articles with a primary focus on cultural diversity in four major rehabilitation journals, found only a small percentage of articles on ethnicity between 1980 and 1993. Because information and research on cultural diversity issues significantly impact the ability of rehabilitation professionals to effectively serve culturally diverse populations, the increased percentage of articles between 1990 and 1993 is a positive sign for both consumers and providers of rehabilitation services.
Vocational Rehabilitation Needs of Individuals Dually Diagnosed with Substance Abuse and Chronic Mental Illness
Authors: Brown A. Lisa , Saura Kathleen M.
Published: June 2019

Individuals who have a dual diagnosis of substance abuse and chronic mental illness pose unique challenges in the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services. Barriers to service provision include an underestimation of prevalence; agency classifications that require a separation of disability conditions into primary and secondary disability; a lack of counselors’ awareness of the unique needs of this population; and the impact of negative attitudes and stigma on vocational success. Although individuals with dual diagnosis can benefit from rehabilitation services and stable employment, changes in the traditional service delivery system are recommended. To address the unique needs of this population, rehabilitation practitioners are encouraged to seek specialized training and continuing education through regional training programs and interagency consultation.
Panic Disorders: The Practitioner's Bole
Authors: Du Mars Roger C.
Published: June 2019

Three million Americans experience panic attacks and seek relief from their frightening symptoms from a variety of health care professionals. Unfortunately, accurate diagnosis of panic disorders is an uncertain and time-consuming process and this often results in a hit-or-miss treatment program for the client. Overreliance on medication may also complicate the treatment problem by creating drug dependency and side effects. This article attempts to clarify the issues surrounding diagnosis and summarizes the most effective treatment programs currently available. Suggestions to counselors are provided which may add broader perspectives to their current treatment approach.
Diagnostic Implications of Dual Diagnosis: Mental Retardation and Mental Illness
Authors: Coelho Richard J. , Saunders Jodi L.
Published: June 2019

Individuals with mental retardation are at a greater than average risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Many of these individuals are being seen by rehabilitation counselors through various community settings. The accurate diagnosis of psychopathology within this at-risk population helps the rehabilitation counselor to develop and implement appropriate service delivery. Thus, the diagnostic process is a critical aspect of the counseling process. This article examines diagnostic issues and challenges for determining psychopathology in individuals with mental retardation. Aspects of mental retardation that influence the diagnostic process, assessment measures, the importance of the clinical interview, and implications for rehabilitation counselors who are working with this population are also addressed.
Attentional Focus and Attitudes Toward Peers with Disabilities: Self Focusing and A Comparison of Modeling and Self-Disclosure
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Lennox Harriet , Robillard Kristen , Wright John , Sabourin Stéphane , Amsel Rhonda
Published: June 2019

This study tested aspects of the Attentional Mechanisms Model of Interaction Stram (AMMIS) by examining correlates of dispositionally self-focused attention (self-consciousness) and by comparing two filmed interventions: one of these modeled appropriate behaviors when encountering someone who is blind (symbolic modeling of skills), while the second featured a blind man during everyday activities (self-disclosure). Results indicate that self-focused attention is related to negative outcomes and that both the modeling and the self-disclosure films had beneficial effects on thoughts, feelings, self-efficacy beliefs, and attitudes, compared to no intervention. While symbolic modeling was expected to result in more favorable outcomes, self-disclosure generally produced superior results. Implications for research, skills training, and attitude change are discussed.
Humor, Coping and Adaptation to Disability
Authors: Burkhead E. Jane , Ebener Deborah J. , Marini Irmo
Published: June 2019

Extensive research on the use of humor in coping with stress has been conducted within the field of social psychology. Within the field of rehabilitation counseling there is a vast body of theory and research on the psychosocial aspects of adaptation to disability. The purpose of this article is to integrate the theoretical perspectives of psychosocial theories of adaptation and the role of humor in coping with disability. This integrated perspective is then applied to the practice of rehabilitation counseling with examples.
Ethical Issues in Forensic Rehabilitation
Authors: Havranek Joseph E.
Published: June 2019

Topics examined in this manuscript include identification and application of ethical issues and principles in regard to forensic rehabilitation. Principles for ethical consulting are presented. An examination of multicultural issues for the Vocational Expert is also made.
Women Cancer Survivors: Disease, Disability and Vocational Rehabilitation Supports
Authors: Falise Roseann S.
Published: June 2019

Employment discrimination has been a widely reported problem for individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer. While women are major participants in the labor force and comprise the majority of long-term cancer survivors, there has been little empirical data on their employment circumstances. This quantitative research study examined the employment and career experiences of women who have survived cancer. A survey questionnaire was used to examine the employment circumstances of 47 women from a five county area of New York State. Although 44 (94%) respondents reported that they wanted to continue working, 32 (68%) participants indicated that their career plans had been altered after diagnosis and treatment (e.g., reduced hours, resignation, career change, termination, and rejection of earlier educational plans).
Trauma Counseling and Rehabilitation
Authors: Watts Rod
Published: June 2019

Outcome following accidental injury, including return to work, can be impeded by any psychological sequelae that persists beyond the acute phase of recovery. Vocational counselors, as for rehabilitation practitioners in general, must therefore be proficient in identifying any-post-trauma psychological difficulties, able to determine their basis and significance, and either successfully treat or refer for treatment. Two cases are presented within the context of the trauma literature that indicate the necessity of proactively providing intervention as a component of the process of rehabilitation following injury, at least in some cases. In so doing, it is hoped that any detrimental effects that traumatic component of being injured have will be reduced.
Client Perceptions of the Rehabilitation Counseling Relationship: Humanistic Approaches and Related Outcomes
Authors: Garske Gregory G. , Soriano Marcel
Published: June 2019

For persons with disabilities, help-seeking behavior requires courage, trust, and confidence in others. It is critical for rehabilitation counselors to be cognizant of how they may be perceived by the client. This article focuses on the relationship attitudes, and behaviors which enable the formation of an effective therapeutic relationship. A review is made of the humanistic approaches and conditions relevant to the therapeutic relationship and rehabilitation client outcome. This article is to serve as a primer for rehabilitation counseling students and a review for veteran practitioners.
Personality and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Relationship to Participation in Productive Activities
Authors: Krause J. Stuart
Published: June 2019

Past research has suggested that people who suffer traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) share distinctive personality traits that may place them at risk for poor rehabilitation outcomes, yet virtually no research has addressed the relationship of personality to long-term outcomes after SCI. Responses to the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Life Situation Questionnaire (LSQ) were obtained from 242 participants with SCI. Participants were classified into one of three groups: (1) gainfully employed, (2) productive-unemployed (i.e., students, volunteers, homemakers), and (3) nonproductive-unemployed. The employed participants scored significantly higher than the nonproductive-unemployed group on Achievement, Control, Positive Affectivity and Constraint; and lower on Alienation and Aggression. The productive-unemployed participants also scored significantly higher than the nonproductive-unemployed group on Control and lower on Stress, Alienation and Negative Affectivity. Their Stress scores were also lower than those of employed participants. These results suggested that traits often associated with SCI onset are correlated with poor personal adjustment and nonproductivity after SCI. These results are a testament to the importance of personality to adaptation after traumatic disability.
A Conceptual Approach to Serving the Rehabilitation Counseling Needs of Consumers with Cluster B Personality Disorders
Authors: Davis Alan
Published: June 2019

An area of special concern in the field of psychiatric rehabilitation is the question of how to best serve the needs of consumers with personality disorders. Because of persistent patterns of self-defeating behavior these conditions pose a serious threat to an individual's ability to acquire and maintain employment. To offer rehabilitation counselors a basis for holistic interventions the model described in this paper addresses the emotional needs, cognitive themes, and behavioral strategies associated with Cluster B disorders.
Human Resource Management Students' Perceptions of Employment and Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Chism Michele , Satcher Jamie
Published: June 2019

Human resource management students were surveyed to determine their perceptions of employment factors and individuals with disabilities and if these perceptions differed according to degree of preparation about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), personal relationship with someone having a disability, and personal experience with disability. Degree of preparation was a significant variable. Students who reported that they were well prepared regarding the ADA had significantly more positive perceptions of employment factors and individuals with disabilities when compared to those with no or slight to moderate preparation. This was also true when their perceptions were compared by specific disability types: (a) blindness, (b) mental retardation, (c) epilepsy, (d) mental illness, (e) spinal cord injury, and (f) cardiovascular. Individuals with disabilities comprise a substantial segment of the American population. Harris and Associates (1986) conducted a study of the employment status of persons with disabilities and concluded that no other demographic group under the age of 65 has such a small proportion of individuals working. United States Bureau of the Census data (1988, cited in Kraus & Stoddard, 1991) support this conclusion with the finding that only of working age Americans with disabilities are either working or available for work. In effect, over two-thirds of the persons with disabilities who are of working age are removed from the labor force.
Dual Diagnosis of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse: Contemporary Challenges for Rehabilitation
Authors: Kelley Susan D. M. , Benshoff John J.
Published: June 2019

The term “dual diagnosis” is used to designate persons who have co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders. Clinically, their problems are complex and their rehabilitation needs are multi-faceted. Persons with dual diagnosis are increasingly coming to the attention of service systems that, as yet, are ill-equipped to provide integrated interventions. Moreover, many staff remain untrained in contemporary treatment and rehabilitation strategies. This article presents information about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of dual diagnosis clients and the influences of psychopathology on outcome, treatment and rehabilitation; staff development, professional issues, and training concerns are also addressed.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Multicultural Counseling Ethics and Assessment Training
Authors: Byington Karen , Fischer Jerry , Walker Louisa , Freedman Ellen
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program designed to enhance the multicultural competence of practicing rehabilitation counselors in the areas of ethical and assessment issues. To assess these areas, the Multicultural Counseling Ethics and Assessment Competency Scale (MCEACS) was developed as a part of the study. The MCEACS in its final form was a 17-item scale that demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .92. Furthermore, it demonstrated a moderate relationship with the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (MAKSS) and was sensitive to counselor change as a pre- and post-test measure. Results of the evaluation of the multicultural training program indicated consistent positive changes from pre- to post-tests. It is evident that even a brief training can have a measurable effect on rehabilitation counselors' multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills.
A Review of HIV/AIDS Education Programs for People with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Taylor Stephanie G. , Hunt Brandon
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation literature indicates that people with serious mental illness (SMI) exhibit many of the risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the precipitant of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), placing this population at high risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV. One way to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS is for rehabilitation counselors to focus on reducing risk behaviors and increasing knowledge through education efforts which address the unique needs and circumstances of people with SMI. Specific risk behaviors and educational intervention programs for people with SMI are described in this paper.
Predicting Family Adaptation from Brain Injury-Related Family Stress
Authors: Kosciulek John F. , Lustig Daniel C.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain injury-related family stress and family adaptation. Participants were 92 primary caregivers of persons with brain injuries recruited through the Head Injury Foundation of Alabama. Stepwise multiple regression of variables measuring family stress on family adaptation indicated that the affective and behavioral functioning of the member with the brain injury was predictive of family adaptation. The hypothesis that family adaptation can be predicted from variables measuring brain injury-related family stress was thus supported. Family intervention and rehabilitation practice implications are discussed.
Affirmative Action, Cultural Diversity, and Disability Policy Reform: Foundations to the Civil Rights of Persons with Disability
Authors: Middleton Renée A. , Harley Debra A. , Rollins Carolyn W. , Solomon Tamala
Published: June 2019

The authors discuss how the impetus for rehabilitation reform historically received momentum from civil rights activities in the 1960s. The origins of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the American with Disabilities Act, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, are discussed from the political context at the time of passage. Thus, the reader comes to understand how persons with disabilities, through the independent living movement; a civil rights movement within a movement for equality, were empowered to become a major force in prompting the signing of the ADA. The paper is based on the belief that current disability legislation must be inclusive of all persons with disabilities. To that end, connections are made between affirmative action, a major vanguard of equality, cultural diversity and multiculturalism. A rational is provided for the assertion that elimination of affirmative action will have serious repercussions for the long-term effectiveness and survival of other civil rights legislation. Finally, recommendations for achieving multiculturalism are made and concluding remarks predict the outlook for the future with respect to disability services, policy and practice.
Social Security Work Incentives: Achieving Career Goals for Transition Aged Youth with Significant Disabilities
Authors: Wehman Paul , Brooke Valerie , Wittig Kathe
Published: June 2019

Designing and implementing high quality transition programs to assist young adults with significant disabilities in moving from public schools to the world of competitive employment is one of the critical issues facing the educational system. The unemployment rate of young people leaving the school system is unacceptable. This paper illustrates how Social Security Work Incentives can be used to assist young people to achieve their dreams of community integrated competitive employment. Roles, responsibilities, and best practices are presented to aid transition stakeholders.
Plans for Achieving Self-Support: An Improved Tool for Self-Directed Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Golden Thomas P. , O'Mara Susan , Czechowicz James
Published: June 2019

Understanding changes which occur to Social Security Administration policy and procedures is essential to assisting individuals with disabilities in maneuvering the path to employment. This article illustrates the Supplemental Security Income work incentive called PASS-Plan for Achieving Self Support. This articles reviews recent changes to the PASS Program; eligibility procedures; steps for completing a successful PASS; and how a PASS is evaluated.
Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income Work Incentives with Recommendations for Policy Change
Authors: Sheldon James R. , Trach John S.
Published: June 2019

This paper summarizes current Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) rules governing how work affects benefits, and explains how work activity affects Medicare and Medicaid. Recommendations are provided for policy change in order for the SSDI and SSI rules to operate as true work incentives.
Comments
Authors: Smith Frank , Mund Seymour J.
Published: June 2019

This section is reserved as an outlet for brief professional expressions pertaining to issues concerning the handicapped, the field of rehabilitation counseling, and/or reactions to previously published JARC articles.
Loneliness and Social Isolation in the Work Place for Deaf Individuals During the Transition Years: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Steinberg Annie G. , Sullivan Vicki Joy , Montoya Louise A.
Published: June 2019

This study is a first attempt to examine the experience of loneliness and social isolation for young adults who are deaf. It was hypothesized that these factors play a significant role in job retention and effective workplace functioning for individuals who are deaf or who have special communication needs and that social integration difficulties could result in poor vocational and psychological outcomes. This study found that communication barriers in the workplace create social difficulties and affect the performance of people who are deaf. Strategies utilized for coping with isolation and for improving integration into the workplace are described and recommendations for future research and intervention with deaf youth are offered.
Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Symptoms, Functional Limitations and Vocational Impediments
Authors: Alloway Leslie H.
Published: June 2019

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a poorly understood physical syndrome that affects a significant number of Americans of working age. FMS is related to a variety of psychosocial and vocational problems. Rehabilitation counselors need additional information to work effectively with people with FMS. This paper examines common symptoms, functional limitations and vocational impediments of people with FMS. It then discusses rehabilitation counseling issues, including vocational assessment and planning issues, and offers suggestions about appropriate rehabilitation techniques and services.
Families with an Adult with Mental Retardation: Predictors of Family Adjustment
Authors: Lustig Daniel C.
Published: June 2019

Families are a powerful influence in the lives of an adult son or daughter with mental retardation. The increasing life expectancy of individuals with mental retardation suggests that it is likely that families will provide care for their children for many decades. The factors which impact families with an adult son or daughter with mental retardation can be analyzed within the theoretical context of the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. The responses of 71 parents of adult children with mental retardation were measured on the dimensions of maladaptive behavior of the adult with mental retardation, family sense of coherence, family social support, family adaptability, family cohesion, and family adaptation. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicate that family sense of coherence and family cohesion made a significant contribution to family adaptation. Family adaptability, social support, and maladaptive behavior did not make a meaningful contribution to family adaptation. Practice implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Adolescent Involvement in the Medical Decision Making Process
Authors: Harrison Lisa , Hunt Brandon
Published: June 2019

Many adolescents reach full cognitive development by age 15. Age 18, however, has been designated the age when adolescents may give consent to medical treatment. When the reasoning ability of the adolescent has reached maturation, but the law does not afford the adolescent the ability to utilize his or her reasoning ability, conflicts may arise. Parents may wish one set of treatments for their child and the child may wish for a different type of treatment. When the adolescent is the client of a rehabilitation counselor or healthcare professional, ethical dilemmas may also arise. Supporting the adolescent will support his or her autonomy, however, it may concurrently stifle beneficence or nonmaleficence. This paper addresses issues relevant when dealing with adolescents and informed medical consent. These issues include legal, ethical, and familial implications. Guidelines to assist rehabilitation counselors are also offered.
Vocational Rehabilitation and Cultural Competency for Latino Populations: Considerations for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Quiñones-Mayo Yolanda , Wilson Keith B. , McGuire Milagros V.
Published: June 2019

This article examines vocational rehabilitation services to Latinos with disabilities living in the United States. As the number of Latinos increases, cultural competence is a must for rehabilitation counselors seeking to facilitate access to needed vocational rehabilitation services. More so, based on past research, minorities (a) tend to earn less when successfully rehabilitated than non-minorities, (b) are more likely to be unsuccessfully rehabilitated, and (c) are less likely to be found eligible than their non-minority counterparts when seeking vocational rehabilitation services. Related theoretical concepts and comparative data between minority and non-minority populations are discussed. Approaches to practice and program development are presented.
Tokenism and Cultural Diversity in Counselors: Implications for Rehabilitation Education and Practice
Authors: Mpofu Elias , Harley Debra A.
Published: June 2019

Minority counselors are an important resource for diversity sensitive rehabilitation services. However, their work-related experiences have not been the subject of study in the rehabilitation literature. Tokenism theory is utilized to explore possible work-related stress experienced by minority counselors. Specifically, minority counselors may experience the tokenism effects of visibility, contrast, role encapsulation, and assimilation from their interaction with majority counselors and from their self-perceptions. Counselor education in work-place diversity and an asset approach to counselor utilization should enhance the perceived quality of the work environment by both minority and majority counselors.
Coordination of Rehabilitation Services in Higher Education for Students with Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Collins Kimberly D.
Published: June 2019

In today’s technologically advanced society, post-secondary education is a necessity to obtain stable positions with competitive salaries and adequate benefits. Many young adults with psychiatric disabilities have the cognitive abilities and academic skills to attend and complete college; however, they face significant barriers in achieving these goals. This article describes the barriers experienced by young adults with psychiatric disabilities attempting post-secondary education and the navigation of these barriers. The role of the disability services office in the provision of academic accommodations, service coordination with other on-campus and off-campus agencies, promotion of self-advocacy skills, psychological support, and one-to-one coaching to facilitate completion of a degree program is also discussed.
Career Development of Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities: An Ecological Perspective of Barriers and Interventions
Authors: Tschopp Molly K. , Bishop Malachy , Mulvihill Michael
Published: June 2019

Despite systematic efforts for full community integration of persons with psychiatric disabilities, limited success has been achieved in employment and career development with this population. The purpose of this paper is to examine barriers to employment and career development of persons with psychiatric disabilities through the constructs and processes of an ecological model. Intervention points within the model are also identified in an effort to maximize career development potential.
Counseling Casual Cocaine Users and Factors Associated with Level of Functioning
Authors: Reid Chuck , Marini Irmo , Sales Amos P. , Kampfe Charlene M.
Published: June 2019

This descriptive study presents a method of identifying factors associated with a non-problematic level of functioning with lOnon-treatment cocaine users. A subjective assessment of an acceptable level of functioning was verified by the Addiction Severity Index (AS!) screening instrument (Mclellan et aI., 1992). Findings indicated that non-problematic, non-treatment cocaine users are from diverse social classes, have social and economic concerns comparable to the general population, and share similar values with the general population. In contrast to the substance use or abuse treatment approach of total abstinence, a continuum model is presented ranging from non-problematic to highly problematic use. Implications for rehabilitation counselors include awareness of the continuum model, familiarity with the ASI use as a brief screening measure in counseling, and enhancing non-problematic substance users' self-efficacy in safely controlling their substance use.
Attitudes of Undergraduate Students Toward Persons with Physical Disabilities and Mental Illness
Authors: Granello Darcy Haag , Wheaton Joe E.
Published: June 2019

Undergraduate students (n=128) in courses in the college of education at a large, Midwestern university completed two instruments designed to determine their attitudes toward people with physical disabilities and those with mental illnesses. Instruments were the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally III (CAM!) and the Modified Issues in Disabilities Scale (MIDS). Results indicated that, overall, students held positive views toward persons with both types of disabilities. However, contrary to previous research, students held slightly more positive attitudes toward persons with mental illnesses than toward persons with physical disabilities.
Ethical Practice and Rehabilitation Counselor Education
Authors: Shaw Linda R. , Tarvydas Vilia M.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselor educators are obligated to act in accordance with the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors. This obligation is particularly strong for rehabilitation counselor educators, not only because of the importance of protecting the rights of students and the clients those students may serve, but also because of the importance of modeling high standards of ethical behavior. Because the Code historically has been focused on the counselor-client relationship, educators may have viewed it as having only limited relevance in their own work. The 2002 . revised Code includes several clarifications and provides specific guidance to rehabilitation counselor educators that should assist them in their efforts to practice ethically. This article discusses the challenges that rehabilitation counselor educators routinely confront and highlights several of the changes to the Code of Professional Ethics that have direct relevance to rehabilitation education. Implications for implementation of the code within academia are included.
Comparative Competitive Employment Levels for Latinos and Non-Latinos Without 12 Years of Education
Authors: Moore Corey L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to identify disparities in proportions of cases “successfully closed” (status 26 only) into competitive jobs based on ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino). Case records (n=1 ,224) from the RSA-911 database, fiscal year 1997, were obtained and evaluated for consumers who were deaf with less than 12 years of education. A logistic regression analysis and chi-square tests were utilized to investigate potential relationships. Results indicated that significantly more non-Latino consumers who were deaf achieved competitive jobs compared to Latino consumers who were deaf. Findings also indicated that a significantly greater proportion of those consumers who were deaf provided with counseling and job placement services achieved competitive jobs compared to consumers who did not receive these services. Finally, results suggested that a significantly lower proportion of those vocational rehabilitation services found to be significantly associated with competitive jobs (i.e., job placement) were provided to Latino consumers who were deaf. Results are presented for competitive jobs and the implications of findings for service and research are discussed.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services Received after Successful Closure: A Comparison by Race
Authors: Wilson Keith B. , Turner Tyra , Jackson Ronald L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether successfully closed (Status 26) African Americans and White Americans differed in the type of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services received. Authors used the chi-square and phi coefficient to ascertain the association and significance between the independent and dependent variables, respectively. The results revealed the three services most commonly received by African Americans were maintenance, transportation, and adjustment training. The three services most commonly received by white Americans after successful case closure included college or university training, physical and mental restoration, and diagnostic or assessment, processes. In addition, job placement, job referral, and “other” were statistically significant for African Americans and miscelIaneous for White Americans, The races did not differ on business or vocational training, counseling, and on-the-Job training. The article also identifies some implications for VR counselors.
Perceived Vocational Rehabilitation Service Efficacy by Race/Ethnicity: Results of a National Customer Survey
Authors: Wilson Keith B. , Turner Tyra , Liu Jiawei , Harley Debra A. , Alston Reginald J.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine whether African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities with disabilities differed in perceived job placement efficacy of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services in the United States. Binary logistic regression was employed to predict how African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities would view VR services in assisting them to get Jobs. The test statistic revealed that race/ethnicity and perceived VR service efficacy among VR customers were not statistically significant. However, as the number (answering yes on the NIHS) of African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities increased, they perceived that the VR services they received did not assist them in getting a Job. Future research considerations for VR administrators and counselors are discussed.
Responding to Sudden Cardiac Failure: Ethical and Legal Issues for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Wadsworth John S. , Smiling Quincy , Lewis Phillip
Published: June 2019

Although the prevalence of cardiac arrest in nonmedical rehabilitation settings is low, consumers of rehabilitation services may use advance medical directives to indicate their choice to be resuscitated or not resuscitated in case of cardiac failure. It is important that rehabilitation professionals educate themselves regarding their ethical and legal obligations to provide life support to consumers of rehabilitation services. The purpose of this paper is to identify ethical responsibilities of rehabilitation professionals in light of the various legal directives that consumers, their surrogates, and physicians can employ to guide resuscitation efforts. The decision to initiate resuscitation should be based in knowledge of the mechanisms of advance directives and upon the ethical principles that guide professional practice, rather than upon myth; fear of death, or panic.
The Matrix: Suggesting a New Approach to Rehabilitation Assessment
Authors: Groomes Darlene A.G.
Published: June 2019

Clinical judgments made during the assessment process can affect the outcome decisions that rehabilitation counselors construct about consumer performance. The individualized nature of rehabilitation assessment seems to demand a more uniform and consistent way of making sense of the various data resulting from the assessment process. Few suggestions for organizing the assessment data have been presented in rehabilitation counseling literature. Particular difficulties in making clinical judgments are reviewed, and a psychological model for organizing assessment information is suggested for enhancing clinical judgments. The result of using the matrix may assist counselors in making more accurate hypotheses about consumer performance, and in developing treatment plans with consumers. Implications for rehabilitation counseling education, practice, and research are provided.
Gender Differences in Rehabilitation Counseling Consumer Involvement and Employment Outcomes
Authors: Rucker Thomas F. , Rice N. Dewaine , Lustig Daniel C. , Strauser David R.
Published: June 2019

This study explored gender differences in the relationship between vocational rehabilitation consumers' involvement in the development of their rehabilitation counseling programs, and their employment outcome in the program. Outcome was measured by employment status two months after completing their programs. Research findings provide evidence of statistically significant gender differences between the relationship of consumer involvement in their rehabilitation programs and their employment outcomes.