bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multistage heat treatment and the development of a protective oxide-scale layer on the surface of FeCrAl sintered-metal-fibers
Authors: Ibrahim Osama M. , Alazemi Abdullah A. , Naji Loai Ben
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the effects of Multistage Heat Treatment (MSHT) on the development of an oxide-scale layer on the surface of FeCrAl sintered-metal-fibers. The oxide-scale layer was developed using an MSHT cycle at 930 °C for 1 h, followed by 960 °C for 1 h, and finally at 990 °C for 2 h. In this study, three samples were considered: Sample 1 was kept without thermal oxidation, while Samples 2 and 3 were exposed to one and eighteen MSHT cycles. Thermo-gravimetric analyses show that the weight gain of the heat-treated sample slows with time, confirming the growth of the protective oxide-scale layer. Scanning electron microscope images, after one MSHT cycle, reveal nonuniform oxide-scale growth with platelet-like on the surface. After eighteen MSHT cycles, however, clumped particles formed on the surface of the fibers. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to study the surface topography of the fibers. The results show that MSHT increases the surface roughness, where the surface roughness of one and eighteen MSHT cycles are the same. The x-ray diffraction analyses of the baseline sample and the sample with one MSHT cycle show pattern peaks of crystalline Fe2CrAl. In contrast, the results of eighteen MSHT cycles displayed diffraction pattern peaks of crystalline Cr and stable α-Al2O3. In summary, the results of this study reveal the changing nature of the oxide-scale layer. The findings of this study form the foundation for new techniques to protect and prepare the FeCrAl fibers as a support for catalysts.
Characterizing genetic and antigenic divergence from vaccine strain of influenza A and B viruses circulating in Thailand, 2017–2020
Authors: Suntronwong Nungruthai , Klinfueng Sirapa , Korkong Sumeth , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Thongmee Thanunrat , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: January 2021

We monitored the circulating strains and genetic variation among seasonal influenza A and B viruses in Thailand between July 2017 and March 2020. The hemagglutinin gene was amplified and sequenced. We identified amino acid (AA) changes and computed antigenic relatedness using the Pepitope model. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple clades/subclades of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were circulating simultaneously and evolved away from their vaccine strain, but not the influenza B virus. The predominant circulating strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 belonged to 6B.1A1 (2017–2018) and 6B.1A5 (2019–2020) with additional AA substitutions. Clade 3C.2a1b and 3C.2a2 viruses co-circulated in A(H3N2) and clade 3C.3a virus was found in 2020. The B/Victoria-like lineage predominated since 2019 with an additional three AA deletions. Antigenic drift was dominantly facilitated at epitopes Sa and Sb of A(H1N1)pdm09, epitopes A, B, D and E of A(H3N2), and the 120 loop and 190 helix of influenza B virus. Moderate computed antigenic relatedness was observed in A(H1N1)pdm09. The computed antigenic relatedness of A(H3N2) indicated a significant decline in 2019 (9.17%) and 2020 (− 18.94%) whereas the circulating influenza B virus was antigenically similar (94.81%) with its vaccine strain. Our findings offer insights into the genetic divergence from vaccine strains, which could aid vaccine updating.
Ocular side effects of novel anti-cancer biological therapies
Authors: Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Rozner Lihi , Berger Raanan , Jaron Ziv , Elyashiv Sivan , Markel Gal , Zloto Ofira
Published: January 2021

To examine the ocular side effects of selected biological anti-cancer therapies and the ocular and systemic prognosis of patients receiving them. We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of patients who received biological anti-cancer treatment from 1/2012 to 12/2017 and who were treated at our ocular oncology service. The following data was retrieved: primary malignancy, metastasis, type of biological therapy, ocular side effects, ophthalmic treatment, non-ocular side effects, and ocular and systemic disease prognoses. Twenty-two patients received biological therapies and reported ocular side effects. Eighteen patients (81.8%) had bilateral ocular side effects, including uveitis (40.9%), dry eye (22.7%), and central serous retinopathy (22.7%). One patient (4.5%) had central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and one patient (4.5%) had branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). At the end of follow-up, 6 patients (27.27%) had resolution of the ocular disease, 13 patients (59.09%) had stable ocular disease, and 3 patients (13.64%) had progression of the ocular disease. Visual acuity improved significantly at the end of follow-up compared to initial values. Eighteen patients (81.8%) were alive at study closure. Biological therapies can cause a wide range of ocular side effects ranging from dry eye symptoms to severe pathologies that may cause ocular morbidity and vision loss, such as uveitis, CRAO and BRVO. All patients receiving biological treatments should be screened by ophthalmologists before treatment, re-screened every 4–6 months during treatment, and again at the end of treatment. Patients on biological treatment who have ocular complaints should be urgently referred to ocular consultation for early identification and early intervention.
Shape-stabilized phase change material with highly thermal conductive matrix developed by one-step pyrolysis method
Authors: Wu Shibin , Chen Yan , Chen Zhenshou , Wang Jiaqi , Cai Miaomiao , Gao Junkai
Published: January 2021

Metal microspheres doping porous carbon (MMPC), which was prepared using in-situ pyrolysis reduction strategy, could enhance the thermal conductivity of shape-stabilized phase change material (ss-PCM) prepared by MMPC as the matrix. However, in previous studies that were reported, the preparation of MMPC needed to synthesize porous carbon by pyrolysis firstly, and then porous carbon adsorbed metal ions was pyrolyzed again to obtain MMPC, which was tedious and energy-prodigal. In this study, a one-step pyrolysis strategy was developed for the synthesis of MMPC through the pyrolyzation of wheat bran adsorbed copper ions, and the copper microspheres doping wheat bran biochar (CMS-WBB) was prepared. The CMS-WBB was taken as the supporter of stearic acid (SA) to synthesize the ss-PCM of SA/CMS-WBB. The study results about the thermal properties of SA/CMS-WBB demonstrated that the introduction of copper microspheres could not only improve the thermal conductivity of SA/CMS-WBB, but also could increase the SA loading amount of wheat bran biochar. More importantly, the CMS-WBB could be obtained by only one-step pyrolysis, which greatly simplified the preparation process and saved energy consumption. Furthermore, the raw material of wheat bran is a kind of agricultural waste, which is abundant, cheap and easy to obtain. Hence, the SA/CMS-WBB synthesized in this study had huge potentialities in thermal management applications, and a simplified method for improving the thermal properties of ss-PCMs was provided.
Melting point prediction of organic molecules by deciphering the chemical structure into a natural language
Authors: Mi Weiming , Chen Huijun , Zhu Donghua (Alan) , Zhang Tao , Qian Feng
Published: January 2021

Predict the melting points of small organic molecules using a machine learning model based on natural language processing (NLP) of their line notations.
Ammonium ion-promoted electrochemical production of synthetic gas from water and carbon dioxide on a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode
Authors: Naya Shin-ichi , Yoshioka Hisayoshi , Tada Hiroaki
Published: January 2021

In situ generated Sn nanoparticles on fluorine-doped tin oxide act as an electrocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction to efficiently and stably produce synthetic gas from water and carbon dioxide with the reaction rate drastically enhanced by the addition of ammonium ions.
What does graphitic carbon nitride really look like?
Authors: Melissen Sigismund T. A. G. , Le Bahers Tangui , Sautet Philippe , Steinmann Stephan N.
Published: January 2021

The conformational stability of “melon”, the most commonly observed graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), is revisited by DFT computations, evidencing close competition among several polymorphs with distinct photophysical properties.
Efficient synthesis of tetrahydrofurans with chiral tertiary allylic alcohols catalyzed by Ni/P-chiral ligand DI-BIDIME
Authors: Mu Yu , Zhang Tao , Cheng Yaping , Fu Wenzhen , Wei Zuting , Chen Wanjun , Liu Guodu
Published: January 2021

Efficient nickel-catalyzed stereoselective asymmetric intramolecular reductive cyclization of O-alkynones with P-chiral bisphosphorus ligand DI-BIDIME is reported.
Tetranuclear copper(ii) cubane complexes derived from self-assembled 1,3-dimethyl-5-(o-phenolate-azo)-6-aminouracil: structures, non-covalent interactions and magnetic property
Authors: Nandi Nishithendu Bikash , Purkayastha Atanu , Roy Shaktibrata , Kłak Julia , Ganguly Rakesh , Alkorta Ibon , Misra Tarun Kumar
Published: January 2021

A new doubly opened 4 + 2 Cu4O4cubane cluster exhibits strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling withJ1= −110.1 cm−1, andJ2= −27.1 cm−1.
Chitosan/carbon nanotube hybrids: recent progress and achievements for industrial applications
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Azadi Elham , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: January 2021

This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of the recent research development on chitosan/CNT nanomaterials in biomedicine, (bio)sensors, and pollution management.
Topologically controlled phase transitions and nanoscale film self-assemblies of cage poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts
Authors: Ree Brian J. , Mato Yoshinobu , Xiang Li , Kim Jehan , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: January 2021

Here we report the first quantitative investigation of nanoscale film morphologies of a cage-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts in star, cyclic, and linear topologies through synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis.
3,6-Diamino-7,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile derivatives: unexpected facile synthesis, full-color-tunable solid-state emissions and mechanofluorochromic activities
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Wang Dan , Shen Hao , Wang Shuxian , Zhou Yunbing , Lei Yunxiang , Gao Wenxia , Liu Miaochang , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue
Published: January 2021

A facile synthesis of novel 3,6-diamino-7,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile derivatives and their solid-state emissions are presented.
The design, synthesis, and in vitro trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of 1,3-thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone ester derivatives
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , de Barros Dias Mabilly Cox Holanda , Santos Aline Caroline da Silva , Pereira Valéria Rêgo Alves , Barros Freitas Luiz Alberto , Balbinot Rodolfo Bento , Kaplum Vanessa , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Alves Luiz Carlos , Brayner Fábio André , Leite Ana Cristina Lima , Akhtar Tashfeen
Published: January 2021

Chagas and leishmaniasis are both neglected tropical diseases, whose inefficient therapies have made them remain the cause for millions of deaths worldwide.
Size and density adjustment of nanostructures in nanochannels for screening performance improvement
Authors: Wang Dagui , Cheng Hongli , Che Cheng , Wu Xiaoqing , Feng Yuezhan , Gao Pengcheng , Xia Fan
Published: January 2021

Biomimetic solid-state nanochannel/nanopore with flexible geometric structures, mechanical robustness and multifunctional surfaces have attracted extensive attention in separation, catalysis, drug delivery and other fields.
Enhanced OER performance of composite Co–Fe-based MOF catalysts via a one-pot ultrasonic-assisted synthetic approach
Authors: Li Fen , Li Jinxia , Zhou Lihui , Dai Sheng
Published: January 2021

An ultrasonication-assisted strategy was applied to develop a composite Co–Fe–BDC catalyst, which exhibits enhanced OER performance.
Hard carbon porosity revealed by the adsorption of multiple gas probe molecules (N2, Ar, CO2, O2and H2)
Authors: Beda Adrian , Vaulot Cyril , Matei Ghimbeu Camélia
Published: January 2021

Gas adsorption with complementary adsorbate molecules (N2, Ar, CO2, O2, and H2) allows to reveal the porosity of hard carbons.
Tight bonding and high-efficiency utilization of S–S moieties to enable ultra-stable and high-capacity alkali-metal conversion batteries
Authors: Chen Keyi , Qiu Wujie , Wu Qingping , Zhou Xuejun , Liu Jianjun , Li Chilin
Published: January 2021

The dual active-phase (FeS2@S) cathode with fluorinated surface and cross-linked carbon network enables the preservation and rational distribution of sulfur molecule interlayer sandwiched between FeS2core andin situderivative carbon shell.
Boosting the stability and photoelectrochemical activity of a BiVO4 photoanode through a bifunctional polymer coating
Authors: Gao Bin , Wang Tao , Li Yang , Guo Yi , Xue Hairong , He Jianping , Zhao Yanli
Published: January 2021

A bifunctional polyimide (PI) film serving as the catalyst and protective layer on a BiVO4 photoanode not only improves the photoelectrochemical performance, but also enhances the stability of the photoanode in strongly alkaline electrolytes.
Language Sample Collection and Analysis in People Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Overcoming Obstacles
Authors: Mooney Aine , Bean Allison , Sonntag Amy Miller
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Language sample collection and analysis provides important information regarding the language abilities of individuals for whom standardized testing may not be appropriate, such as persons who use augmentative and alternative communication (PWUAACs). Despite its clinical utility, language sample collection and analysis has not been fully incorporated into the assessment of PWUAACs due to a variety of challenges. This study seeks to investigate the ability of language sample collection and analysis to provide clinically relevant information and explore ways to circumvent language sample collection and analysis challenges for PWUAACs.

Method

This is a case study of the narratives of two PWUAACs, one child and one adult. Analyses were conducted using manual calculations and computerized language sample analysis software (i.e., Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts and Child Language Exchange System) and Realize Language.

Conclusion

Although the language samples took longer to complete relative to verbal controls, the information obtained from language sample collection and analysis provided valuable insight into the language system of the two participants that would not be revealed through standardized language assessment, including the distribution of their parts of speech and syntactic complexity. Given the important clinical data that may be obtained through language sample collection and analysis, we propose strategies to enable clinicians to overcome previously identified challenges.
Solar wind energy flux observations in the inner heliosphere: first results from Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Liu M. , Issautier K. , Meyer-Vernet N. , Moncuquet M. , Maksimovic M. , Halekas J. S. , Huang J. , Griton L. , Bale S. , Bonnell J. W. , Case A. W. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , Kasper J. C. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Pulupa M. , Stevens M. L.
Published: January 2021

Aims.We investigate the solar wind energy flux in the inner heliosphere using 12-day observations around each perihelion of Encounter One (E01), Two (E02), Four (E04), and Five (E05) of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), respectively, with a minimum heliocentric distance of 27.8 solar radii (R⊙).

Methods.Energy flux was calculated based on electron parameters (densityne, core electron temperatureTc, and suprathermal electron temperatureTh) obtained from the simplified analysis of the plasma quasi-thermal noise (QTN) spectrum measured by RFS/FIELDS and the bulk proton parameters (bulk speedVpand temperatureTp) measured by the Faraday Cup onboard PSP, SPC/SWEAP.

Results.Combining observations from E01, E02, E04, and E05, the averaged energy flux value normalized to 1R⊙plus the energy necessary to overcome the solar gravitation (WR⊙) is about 70 ± 14 W m−2, which is similar to the average value (79 ± 18 W m−2) derived by Le Chat, G., Issautier, K., & Meyer-Vernet, N. (2012, Sol. Phys., 279, 197) from 24-yr observations by Helios, Ulysses, and Wind at various distances and heliolatitudes. It is remarkable that the distributions ofWR⊙are nearly symmetrical and well fitted by Gaussians, much more so than at 1 AU, which may imply that the small heliocentric distance limits the interactions with transient plasma structures.
Atomic line radiative transfer with MCFOST
Authors: Tessore B. , Pinte C. , Bouvier J. , Ménard F.
Published: January 2021

Aims. We present MCFOST-art, a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer solver for multilevel atomic systems. The code is embedded in the 3D radiative transfer code MCFOST and is compatible with most of the MCFOST modules. The code is versatile and designed to model the close environment of stars in 3D.

Methods. The code solves for the statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer equations using the Multilevel Accelerated Lambda Iteration method. We tested MCFOST-art on spherically symmetric models of stellar photospheres as well as on a standard model of the solar atmosphere. We computed atomic level populations and outgoing fluxes and compared these values with the results of the TURBOspectrum and RH codes. Calculations including expansion and rotation of the atmosphere were also performed. We tested both the pure local thermodynamic equilibrium and the out-of-equilibrium problems.

Results. In all cases, the results from all codes agree within a few percent at all wavelengths and reach the sub-percent level between RH and MCFOST-art. We still note a few marginal discrepancies between MCFOST-art and TURBOspectrum as a result of different treatments of background opacities at some critical wavelength ranges.
NGTS-14Ab: a Neptune-sized transiting planet in the desert
Authors: Smith A. M. S. , Acton J. S. , Anderson D. R. , Armstrong D. J. , Bayliss D. , Belardi C. , Bouchy F. , Brahm R. , Briegal J. T. , Bryant E. M. , Burleigh M. R. , Cabrera J. , Chaushev A. , Cooke B. F. , Costes J. C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Eigmüller Ph. , Erikson A. , Gill S. , Gillen E. , Goad M. R. , Günther M. N. , Henderson B. A. , Hogan A. , Jordán A. , Lendl M. , McCormac J. , Moyano M. , Nielsen L. D. , Rauer H. , Raynard L. , Tilbrook R. H. , Turner O. , Udry S. , Vines J. I. , Watson C. A. , West R. G. , Wheatley P. J.
Published: January 2021

Context. The sub-Jovian, or Neptunian, desert is a previously identified region of parameter space where there is a relative dearth of intermediate-mass planets with short orbital periods.

Aims. We present the discovery of a new transiting planetary system within the Neptunian desert, NGTS-14.

Methods. Transits of NGTS-14Ab were discovered in photometry from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). Follow-up transit photometry was conducted from several ground-based facilities, as well as extracted from TESS full-frame images. We combine radial velocities from the HARPS spectrograph with the photometry in a global analysis to determine the system parameters.

Results. NGTS-14Ab has a radius that is about 30 per cent larger than that of Neptune (0.444 ± 0.030 RJup) and is around 70 per cent more massive than Neptune (0.092 ± 0.012 MJup). It transits the main-sequence K1 star, NGTS-14A, with a period of 3.54 days, just far away enough to have maintained at least some of its primordial atmosphere. We have also identified a possible long-period stellar mass companion to the system, NGTS-14B, and we investigate the binarity of exoplanet host stars inside and outside the Neptunian desert using Gaia.
Small Solar System objects on highly inclined orbits
Authors: Hromakina T. , Belskaya I. , Krugly Yu. , Rumyantsev V. , Golubov O. , Kyrylenko I. , Ivanova O. , Velichko S. , Izvekova I. , Sergeyev A. , Slyusarev I. , Molotov I.
Published: January 2021

Context. Less than one percent of the discovered small Solar System objects have highly inclined orbits (i > 60°), and revolve around the Sun on near-polar or retrograde orbits. The origin and evolutionary history of these objects are not yet clear.

Aims. In this work we study the surface properties and orbital dynamics of selected high-inclination objects.

Methods. BVRI photometric observations were performed in 2019–2020 using the 2.0 m telescope at the Terskol Observatory and the 2.6 m telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Additionally, we searched for high-inclination objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Pan-STARRS. The dynamics of the selected objects was studied using numerical simulations.

Results. We obtained new photometric observations of six high-inclination objects (468861) 2013 LU28, (517717) 2015 KZ120, 2020 EP, A/2019 U5 (A/PanSTARRS), C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon), and C/2019 O3 (Palomar). All of the objects have similar B−V, V −R, R−I colours, which are close to those of moderately red TNOs and grey Centaurs. The photometric data that were extracted from the all-sky surveys also correspond to moderately red surfaces of high-inclination objects. No signs of ultra-red material on the surface of high-inclination asteroids were found, which supports the results of previous works. The comet C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon) revealed some complex morphology with structures that could be associated with particles that were ejected from the cometary nucleus. Its value of the parameter Afρ is around 100 cm for the aperture size of 6000 km. The value of Afρ for the hyperbolic comet C/2019 O3 (Palomar) is much larger, and is in the range from 2000 to 3700 cm for the aperture sizes from 25 000 to 60 000 km. For objects 2013 LU28, 2015 KZ120, and 2020 EP we estimated future and past lifetimes on their orbits. It appears that the orbits of considered objects are strongly chaotic, and with the available accuracy of the orbital elements no reliable predictions can be made about their distant past or future. The lifetimes of high-inclination objects turned out to be highly non-sensitive to the precision of the orbital elements, and to the Yarkovsky orbital drift.
The structure of Small Magellanic Cloud star clusters
Authors: Piatti Andrés E.
Published: January 2021

The variations in the structural parameters and the internal dynamical evolution of star clusters in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) caused by the different gravitational field strengths that they experience has been revealed thanks to recent observational data sets. We report here possible indications of such differential tidal effects in the structural parameters of star clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), which is nearly ten times less massive than the LMC. A key contribution to this study is the consideration of the SMC as a triaxial spheroid; from this, we estimate the de-projected distances to the SMC center of the statistically significant sample of analyzed star clusters. By adopting a 3D geometry of the SMC, we avoid the spurious effects caused by assuming that a star cluster observed along the line-of-sight is close to the galactic center. When inspecting the relationships between the de-projected distances and the star cluster sizes (represented by the 90% light radii), their eccentricities, masses, and ages, we find: (i) The star cluster sizes are not visibly affected by tidal effects, because relatively small and large objects are spread throughout the SMC body; (ii) star clusters with large eccentricities (≥0.4) are preferentially found at de-projected distances smaller than ∼7−8 kpc, although many star clusters with smaller eccentricities are also found occupying a similar volume; and (iii) star clusters more massive than log(M/M⊙) ∼ 4.0 are among the oldest star clusters, and they are generally found in the outermost SMC region with a relatively low level of flattening. These findings contrast with those of the more elongated, generally younger, less massive, and innermost star clusters.
Signatures of tidal disruption in the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6981 (M72)
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Mestre Martín F. , Carballo-Bello Julio A. , Carpintero Daniel D. , Navarrete Camila , Mora Marcelo D. , Cenzano Carolina
Published: January 2021

We study the outer regions of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6981 based on publicly available BV photometry and new Dark Energy Camera (DECam) observations, both of which reach nearly 4 mag below the cluster main sequence (MS) turnoff. While the BV data sets reveal the present of extra-tidal features around the cluster, the much larger field of view of the DECam observations allowed us to identify some other tidal features, which extend from the cluster toward the opposite direction to the Milky Way center. Such structural features of clusters arise from stellar density maps built using MS stars, following a cleaning of the cluster color-magnitude diagram to remove the contamination of field stars. We also performed N-body simulations in order to help us to understand the spatial distribution of the extra-tidal debris. The outcomes reveal the presence of long trailing and leading tails that are mostly parallel to the direction of the cluster velocity vector. We find that the cluster loses most of its mass by tidal disruption during its perigalactic passages, each of which lasted nearly 20 Myr. Hence, a decrease in the density of escaping stars near the cluster is expected from our N-body simulations, which, in turn, means that stronger extra-tidal features could be found by exploring much larger areas around NGC 6891.
Vers une génération plus « verte » de biodiesels
Authors: Vaitilingom Gilles , Mouloungui Zéphirin , Benoist Anthony , Broust François , Daho Tizane , Piriou Bruno
Published: January 2021

Dans le monde, le pétrole assure 96 % des besoins des transports, lesquels mobilisent 65 % du pétrole consommé et participent à hauteur de 20 % aux émissions de CO2. Afin de réduire la consommation de ressources fossiles, une des alternatives est notamment l’utilisation de « biocarburants ». Ces biocarburants sont classés en trois générations successives. Les biocarburants de première génération sont issus des parties alimentaires de plantes de grande culture : le bioéthanol et le biodiesel. Les biocarburants dits « avancés » de seconde génération sont issus de ressources lignocellulosiques (bois, résidus agricoles...) valorisées soit en bioéthanol soit en hydrocarbures de synthèse. Une troisième génération repose sur la culture de micro-algues productrices d’acides gras transformés en biodiesel. Les biodiesels de première génération, tout comme ceux de deuxième et troisième générations, sont sujets à certaines critiques notamment le CAS (changement d’affectation des sols) et la compétition alimentaire/énergétique. L’objectif de ce travail est d’examiner l’intérêt de deux filières prometteuses. Les biodiesels basés sur des cultures dédiées conduisent à des impacts environnementaux plus réduits mais jouent un rôle dans la problématique des CAS. Alors que celles basées sur les résidus n’y entrent pas et montrent des niveaux de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre entre 83 et 90 % contre 60 à 80 % pour un biodiesel classique par rapport à un carburant diesel fossile. Les esters butyliques d’huiles alimentaires usagées et de graisses animales s’affichent comme des biodiesels « plus verts » et représentent une opportunité pour les biocarburants de deuxième génération et pour une oléochimie « plus verte ».
Analysis of sesame seed production and export trends; challenges and strategies towards increasing production in Uganda
Authors: Wacal Cosmas , Basalirwa Daniel , Okello-Anyanga Walter , Murongo Marius Flarian , Namirembe Caroline , Malingumu Richard
Published: January 2021

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most ancient oilseed crops cultivated for its edible oil and uses in food. Sesame seeds are very nutritious and confer health benefits. However, its potential production in Uganda has not been fully realized. The objective of this review was to summarize the trends in sesame production, export quantity, export value, challenges, and strategies for sustainable sesame seed production in Uganda. The review revealed the sesame seed production and area harvested generally increased from 1996 to 2007 but significantly decreased between 2008 and 2018. The review also revealed that while the export quantities and values were low, they gradually increased from 2009 to 2016. The decreased production between 2008 and 2016 could have been due to challenges such as pests and diseases, loss of soil fertility, prolonged drought, poor agronomic practices, poor yielding varieties, and lack of access to credit. Therefore, it is recommended to improve breeding programs and soil management practices; strengthen agricultural credits and extension services to support marketing of sesame seeds; and improve agronomic practices and farmer knowledge on improved techniques such as sowing methods, plant spacing, intercropping practices, pests and disease control measures. These could boost sesame production in Uganda given the high domestic and global demand for sesame seeds and provide an opportunity to expand sesame production throughout Uganda. Research should focus on how to increase seed yield on farmers’ fields and bridge the yield gap between researchers and farmers while adopting good agronomic practices.
The Neo-Industrial Role of Digital and Converged Technologies in the Russian Economy
Authors: Ezdina Natalia , Dotsenko Elena
Published: January 2021

In modern conditions, the diffusion of digital technologies into the structure of the economy is considered as one of the most effective mechanisms for transforming economic systems. The digital economy as a category has a wide content, since, in addition to production and technological features, it also includes social, economic, institutional parameters that ensure the transition to a new scientific and technological structure, characterized by the integration and interpenetration of sciences and technologies – technological convergence. In the process of diffusion of convergent technologies into the structure of the industry, its radical innovative development is expected with an exit to many times higher levels of labor productivity. This process should be called neo-industrial development, in which structural changes in industry are not sectoral, but over sectoral, convergent. At the same time, in the conditions of the transitional Russian economy, the conducted scientific and technological policy is essentially catching up and is not able to ensure the elimination of technological lag. Therefore, to implement the neo-industrial role of digital and convergent technologies in the modernization of the Russian economy, it is important to ensure the transition to a policy of advanced development.
An Innovative Model of Economic Development of the Market
Authors: Salamova Ayna
Published: January 2021

The transformation of the economy into an innovative socio-economic system is the basis for fundamental changes in the modern world, radically changing both the nature of labor and the main productive forces, and the appearance of society, the level and quality of its life. The content of the transition of the economy to a new stage of development is such processes as a change in the technological basis and model of economic management, strengthening of its social orientation and, finally, globalization. A fundamentally new technological basis of society is being formed today, a key role in which is played by information computer systems, nano- and biotechnologies, which have an innovative character and dynamism as their distinctive feature. The ongoing intensive development of the needs of society, science, technology, information determines both the expansion of the diversity of existing factors and models of economic growth, and the emergence of new ones.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Crop Production as an Aspect of Digitalization of the Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Spiridonov Artyom
Published: January 2021

In this article the authors provide an economic assessment of the technology of using unmanned aircraft systems in digital agriculture and justify the optimal requirements for its main technological parameters. As a measure of comparative evaluation of various options for implementing the system, an estimate of the cost of performing the technological process of using pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals in conditional price units is proposed. A multi-factor experiment was carried out and variants of a mathematical model describing the relationship between agrotechnological factors and the final resultant, expressed in the conditional cost of processing 1 Ha of agricultural land, were obtained. The optimal values of the parameters are obtained for various variants of fixing factors at the specified levels. The influence of the most significant agrotechnological factors on the cost of the technological process of using pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals is shown. The values of factors that should be used in the development of new types of unmanned aerial vehicles to ensure their maximum demand in agriculture and economic efficiency are proposed.
Digitalisation Processes and their Impact on the Development of Commodity Trading Companies
Authors: Zavyalov Dmitry , Zavyalova Nadezhda , Saginova Olga , Kireeva Natalia
Published: January 2021

Factors of digitalisation process influencing on stability of the enterprises in sphere of the commodity circulation are considered in the paper. In addition to a significant positive impact in the form of new opportunities for all subjects whose activities are associated with the sphere of commodity circulation, there are many threats that can adversely affect the deformation of market space through the development of digital monopolization.
Digitalizing the Process of Tracking Technical Condition of the Main Equipment of Energy Providing Enterprises
Authors: Plotnikova Lyudmila , Bainov Artem , Torkunova Yulia , Nadezhdina Maria
Published: January 2021

The existing power facilities of the Republic of Tatarstan face a number of disadvantages related to the system for recording data on the technical condition of boiler and turbine equipment: manual calculation of the parameters of equipment operation, lack of direct access to complete information on the condition of equipment and, as a result, low efficiency in identifying malfunctions, deviations in the operation of equipment, carrying out repair work. Hence, the need for digitalization of the system for recording data on the technical condition of equipment was formed, in response to which software was developed for automating the data recording system and visualizing the technical parameters of reliability at thermal power plants. This proposal is distinguished by the introduction of digital technologies in the process of recording data on the technical condition of equipment, where for the first time the software includes a method for automatically calculating the technical condition index of boiler units. The results of the work will reduce the likelihood of an emergency state of power plant equipment.
Digitalization in the Labor Market in Russia
Authors: Omelchenko Irina , Antonova Galina , Danilina Marina , Popkov Sergey , Botasheva Ludmila
Published: January 2021

In recent years the labor market experienced a number of changes. On the basis of the statistical and content analysis the authors research the main trends and indicators of the labor market. The modern economy and labor market are more and more clearly moving along the path of digitalization - the widespread introduction of the latest generation of advanced technologies (information, communication, robotics, artificial intelligence, etc.) into economic activities, completely changing the usual business processes. The pandemics of COVID19 has shown that the digitalization can be actively used in the companies and can change the situation in the labor market. Thus, digitalization affects all spheres of economic and social life, affects the demand for various categories ofworkers of various qualifications.
Strategies for Creating Technology Businesses by Serial Entrepreneurs as a Source of New Industrialization
Authors: Glukhikh Pavel , Golovina Alla
Published: January 2021

The demand for new industrialization makes the lack of innovation in Russia a topical issue. Serial entrepreneurs are a promising source of innovation. Basing on empirical data (SPARK database), we considered the hypothesis that mass strategies for establishing a technology business are less effective. The aim of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to serial technology entrepreneurship as a source of new industrialization. The authors identified 4 dominant strategies used by serial entrepreneurs to set up technology businesses. The necessity of a new term "serial potential" of an entrepreneur is substantiated. The research novelty refers to the development of the methodological approach "The Effect of serial technology entrepreneur", which allows evaluating the performance of serial technology entrepreneurs in setting up technology companies. It has been found that the strategy "From services in technology field to production" is the most advantageous in terms of total efficiency for new industrialization.
The Cyber Dialogue at the Crossroads: Why States Disagree on the Need for a New Cyber Treaty?
Authors: Krasikov Dmitry , Lipkina Nadezhda
Published: January 2021

As evidenced by the preliminary results of work of the UN Open-ended Working Group on developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security, currently the states have different views towards legal regulation of cyberspace. A number of states (mostly Western) argue that the existing international law sufficiently addresses the relationships in the area, and they call on all interesting parties to express their views on how the law is applied, while other states, like Russia, China and Venezuela claim that there is a legal vacuum as to the regulation of cyberspace and propose starting to globally negotiate a new binding legal instrument. This paper explores the reasons for the states to insist on their views on the need for a new cyber treaty and demonstrates that the respective disagreement between states cannot be explained neither by a global interest in maintaining the state of legal uncertainty about the proper sources or rules, nor by the lack of choice of the parties to the debate regarding the tools to address such uncertainty. The authors argue that the explanation lies in the correlation between corresponding substantive and instrumental stances of both sides of the debate, since the states’ preferences regarding the appropriate rules can be more fully and effectively implemented within the respective instrumental solutions and such solutions provide their adherers with more tools to control the processes of their implementation.
Legal Mechanisms for Digitalization of the Activities of Prosecution Authorities
Authors: Churikova Anna , Manova Nina , Lavnov Mikhail
Published: January 2021

Prosecution authorities in most countries act as guarantors of the legality and validity of criminal prosecution, thereby ensuring the social and economic well-being of the state and society. Outdated paper forms of interaction between prosecution authorities and other law enforcement agencies in criminal investigations overload the existing system and make it less effective. Using the main general scientific methods of cognition, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the legal regulation of the digitalization of the prosecution authorities. As a result of the study, three main tasks have been identified to which the digitalization of the activities of the prosecution authorities should be directed.
Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policy in the Digital Economy
Authors: Trotsenko Oksana , Soshnikova Irina , Semenov Yaroslav
Published: January 2021

This article examines the problem of developing legislative measures aimed at combating corruption in the higher education system. The relevance of the topic chosen by the authors is emphasized by the massiveness of research conducted in recent years by domestic and foreign scientists aimed at studying the factors of the appearance of corruption, its impact on the rule of law, as well as the experience of other countries in the fight against corruption in the higher education system. The author's position, formulated at the end of the study, is based on the analysis of statistical data derived by the International Non-Governmental Organization "Transparency International" for 2019 and foreign experience in comparison with the domestic one.
The Assessment of Economic Efficiency of Regulatory Impact on the Crowd Financing Market
Authors: Kuvaeva U.V. , Chudinovskikh M.V. , Boronenkova N.L. , Sergienko A. N.
Published: January 2021

In the last few years, conditions have been created in the world economy that contribute to the active crowdfunding market development, through which the so-called «alternative financing» is implemented. The paper describes the transformation of crowdfunding model types, emphasizes the importance of regulatory impact on the specified market. The general procedure for regulatory impact assessments (RIA), developed and recommended by the OECD based on scientific approaches, is considered. The specificity of the approach to RIA in Russia was studied and the conclusion was made about the need to apply RIA to the crowdfunding market, taking into account the improvement of approaches to assessing the costs and benefits of regulation.
Ensuring Sustainable Development of the National Financial Market Based on Digital Financial Services
Authors: Loginov Mikhail , Usova Natalia , Baigotanova Aigerim
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the development of the national financial market and ensuring its stability on the basis of digital transformation. Subject of research: digitalization of the financial market. The aim of the study is to study the theoretical foundations of the financial market and determine the priorities of its development based on the digitalization of services to ensure sustainable development in the medium term. Method of research. in the process of writing, the authors used such methods as analysis, grouping, comparison, and synthesis. Results: 1. The features of digitalization of services provided in the national financial market are disclosed. 2. The mechanism of interaction of the main participants in the digital financial assets market is presented and their characteristics are given. 3. Measures for digital transformation of the national financial services market are proposed, taking into account the current situation in the national economy. Scientific novelty: the mechanism of interaction of the main participants in the digital financial services market was determined, measures for the digital transformation of the financial services market were proposed.
The Implementation of Adaptive Marketing Concept in the Educational Services Market
Authors: Peskova Olga , Boriskina Tatiana , Mershieva Galina , Samsonova Elena , Tsygankova Vera
Published: January 2021

The sphere of higher education is in a state of transformation to new conditions of work, this requires the development of adaptive marketing strategies that make it possible to forecast development in an unstable environment. Trends in the Russian market for higher education services are dynamic and are currently associated with: an increase in the capacity of the Russian higher education market and sales of educational services, an increase in the mobility of participants in the educational services market, an increase in competition and the emergence of new participants offering innovative forms of educational services, an increase in demand for high-quality educational services and creative forms of their provision, compulsory attestations of state higher educational institutions, selection approach when recruiting the students. The article discusses the issues of building such a strategy based on the use of preventive response methods, proposes a sequence for implementing an adaptive marketing strategy, substantiates the procedure for conducting marketing research, as well as the possibility of using Internet technologies for positioning in the market.
Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Governance Systems
Authors: Turluev Rizvan , Hadjieva Laura
Published: January 2021

The presence of a direct causal relationship between management decisions and the analytical and research role of information allows us to prove the strategic importance of information resources. Typically, the need for data is considered at the management level of a company or organization. This position indicates the unambiguity of the confirmation regarding the results of the analyzed data and the possibility of their monetization. Information data is a kind of fundamental basis, demanded by the key structural links of any company. Information serves as an effective identifier of the company's potential opportunities and probable losses in an unstable business environment, as well as quality support from strategically significant initiatives. Of no small importance today is attached to the possibilities of joint application of relevant information on the part of all divisions of the company in order to react as quickly as possible to the transformation of the economic space. It should be noted that information is a kind of asset, the level of efficiency of which is especially important for successful activity. The article discusses artificial intelligence in corporate governance systems.
Cognitive Modeling of Socio-Economic Systems with Functional Consideration of the Time Factor
Authors: Rogachev Aleksey , Melikhova Elena
Published: January 2021

The research analyzes scientific and methodological approaches for structural and parametric identification of fuzzy cognitive models based on time-dependent functional dependencies. In the process of constructing and identifying fuzzy cognitive models, the stages of structural identification with the definition of a set of concepts and unclear relationships over this set, parametric identification, which implements the transition to fuzzy identification with the definition of the intensity of influence between factors, are implemented. A specialized software system was developed for the purpose of computer support for modeling and studying the influence of the time factor set by changes in the strength of connections between concepts. A representation of each of the elements of the FCM adjacency matrix is proposed in the form of an additive expression controlled by the alpha parameter, which includes a constant component determined by the expert method and a control function that depends on real or dimensionless model time. To correct the elements of the FCM adjacency matrix, it is proposed to use a 3-parameter parabolic or modified 4-parameter exponential dependence as a function that depends on real or dimensionless model time. The developed modified method for solving the problem of time factor accounting using functional dependencies for the strength of mutual influence of concepts provides for expanding the capabilities of fuzzy cognitive models by taking into account the time factor.