bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fracture dolomite as an archive of continental palaeo-environmental conditions
Authors: Baldermann Andre , Mittermayr Florian , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Dietzel Martin , Grengg Cyrill , Hippler Dorothee , Kluge Tobias , Leis Albrecht , Lin Ke , Wang Xianfeng , Zünterl Andrea , Boch Ronny
Published: October 2020

The origin of Quaternary dolomites in continental environments (e.g. karst and lakes) is barely constrained compared to marine dolomites in sedimentary records. Here we present a study of dolomite and aragonite formations infilling young fractures of the ‘Erzberg’ iron ore deposit, Austria, under continental-meteoric and low temperature conditions. Two dolomite generations formed shortly after the Last Glacial Maximum (~20 kyr BP): dolomite spheroids and matrix dolomite. Clumped isotope measurements and U/Th disequilibrium ages reveal formation temperatures of 0–3 °C (±6 °C) and 3–20 °C (±5 °C) for the both dolomite types, and depositional ages around 19.21 ± 0.10 kyr BP and 13.97 ± 0.08 kyr BP or younger, respectively. Meteoric solution and carbonate isotope compositions (δ18O, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr) indicate the dolomites formed via aragonite and high-Mg calcite precursors from CO2-degassed, Mg-rich solutions. Our study introduces low temperature dolomite formations and their application as a sedimentary-chemical archive.
Field-induced single molecule magnet behavior of a dinuclear cobalt(ii) complex: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Banerjee Abhisek , Banerjee Snehasis , Gómez García Carlos J. , Benmansour Samia , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: October 2020

Two cobalt(ii) dimers have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show weak ferromagnetic couplings in both dimers but field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetization at low temperatures only in 2.
The embedding of fluorescent N-methyl-9-acridone into a topological new layered aluminophosphate SYSU-2 by one-pot synthesis
Authors: Liang Weichi , Wen Jiali , Zhao Yukai , Zhang Meng , Jiang Jiuxing
Published: October 2020

A layered aluminophosphate |C14H11NO|2[Al4(HPO4)4F4(H2O)2] (denoted as SYSU-2) with a new topology has been hydrothermally synthesized with N-methyl-9-acridone (NMA) as the organic structure-directing agent.
Discovery of a novel rice-derived peptide with significant anti-gout potency
Authors: Liu Naixin , Meng Buliang , Zeng Lin , Yin Saige , Hu Yan , Li Shanshan , Fu Yang , Zhang Xinping , Xie Chun , Shu Longjun , Yang Meifeng , Wang Ying , Yang Xinwang
Published: October 2020

A novel rice-derived peptide named RDP2 with significant anti-gout potency.
Effect of Rh valence state and doping concentration on the structure and photocatalytic H2 evolution in (Nb,Rh) codoped TiO2 nanorods
Authors: Huang Jiquan , Lv Ting , Huang Qiufeng , Deng Zhonghua , Chen Jian , Liu Zhuguang , Wang Guo
Published: October 2020

(Nb,Rh) codoped TiO2 nanorods exhibit strong visible light absorption and efficient photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production.
The post-modification of polyolefins with emerging synthetic methods
Authors: Plummer Christopher M. , Li Le , Chen Yongming
Published: October 2020

This Perspective highlights the present state of polyolefin post-modification research, especially concerning recently developed C–H functionalization chemistry. Remaining challenges and emerging strategies within the field have also been discussed.
Cobalt induced growth of hollow MOF spheres for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Qu Ning , Yang Shixuan , Lei Da , Liu Anmin , Zhou Quan
Published: October 2020

A Ni/Co-MOF with a hollow structure has been successfully fabricated by using Co2+ as a structure-directing agent, which exhibits excellent electrochemical performance.
A rational assembly of paradodecatungstate anions from clusters to morphology-controlled nanomaterials
Authors: Jassal Amanpreet Kaur , Mudsainiyan Rahul Kumar , Shankar Ravi
Published: October 2020

The paradodecatungstate anions covered in this review span a continuum from molecular clusters to morphology-controlled tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanomaterials.
Microwave induced one-pot conversion of d-glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by a novel sulfate-functionalized Sn-red mud catalyst
Authors: Das Bikashbindu , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: October 2020

Sn doped and sulfate functionalized red mud produced excellent catalytic activity and stability owing to the synergistic interaction of Sn with components of red mud and enhanced acidic characteristics.
The impacts of hydraulic clamming in shallow water and the importance of incorporating anthropogenic disturbances into habitat assessments
Authors: Legare Bryan , Mittermayr Agnes , Borrelli Mark
Published: October 2020

Hydraulic dredging for shellfish is known to create some of the highest levels of disturbance, affecting the benthic microfaunal community and the physical characteristics of the substrate. Properly conducted benthic habitat assessments are complex and time consuming, resulting in assessments not being conducted increasing the uncertainty in post impact studies. Hydraulic dredging for Atlantic surfclams (Spisula soldidissima) took place at Herring Cove, Massachusetts in the winter of 2014–2015 resulting in areas of high impact disturbance of the seafloor. Surveys conducted in the summer of 2015 included hydroacoustics, benthic invertebrate sampling, video, and grain size analysis for the creation of a habitat map of Herring Cove. The four habitats (A–D) identified were a mix of sand, shell, cobble, algae, and eelgrass. Habitat type “D” is a mix of sand, algae and cobble material and occurred at 12 of 18 stations. These 12 stations were distributed across areas of “high” (n = 4), “low” (n = 2), and “no” (n = 6) hydraulic dredge disturbance. Once habitat was accounted for, benthic invertebrate community structure varied significantly (Analysis of similarity; significance level of sample statistic: 0.3%) between areas of “high”, “low” to “no” disturbance. Areas of “low” to “no” dredge track coverage contained high abundances of bivalves, echinoderms, and isopods, whereas highly disturbed areas had highest abundances of polychaetes and oligochaetes. Future mapping efforts, especially surveys with biological components, need to include and quantify the level, type and spatial distribution of anthropogenic alterations. More attention should be given to “reference maps” instead of “baseline maps”. The latter of which omits to acknowledge pre-existing anthropogenic disturbances and has the potential to skew monitoring of restoration and management efforts.
Plasmon-assisted interaction of Si with light, for cancer hyperthermia and electromagnetic energy harvest
Authors: Mousavi Behnam Kheyraddini , Talarposhti Morteza Rezaei , Karbassian Farshid , Mousavi Arash Kheyraddini
Published: October 2020

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is applied for fabrication of silicon nanowires (SiNWs). We have shown the effect of amorphous sheath of SiNWs by treating the nanowires with SF6 and the resulting reduction of absorption bandwidth, i.e. making SiNWs semi-transparent in near-infrared (IR). For the first time, by treating the fabricated SiNWs with copper containing HF∕H2O2∕H2O solution, we have generated crystalline nanowires with broader light absorption spectrum, up to λ = 1 μm. Both the absorption and photo-luminescence (PL) of the SiNWs are observed from visible to IR wavelengths. It is found that the SiNWs have PL at visible and near Infrared wavelengths, which may infer presence of mechanisms such as forbidden gap transitions other can involvement of plasmonic resonances. Non-radiative recombination of excitons is one of the reasons behind absorption of SiNWs. Also, on the dielectric metal interface, the absorption mechanism can be due to plasmonic dissipation or plasmon-assisted generation of excitons in the indirect band-gap material. Comparison between nanowires with and without metallic nanoparticles has revealed the effect of nanoparticles on absorption enhancement. The broader near IR absorption, paves the way for applications like hyperthermia of cancer while the optical transition in near IR also facilitates harvesting electromagnetic energy at a broad spectrum from visible to IR.
Characterization of silver doped In2S3 films
Authors: Bazarchi Sadegh Mohammadzadeh , Esmaili Parisa , Asgary Somayeh
Published: October 2020

Silver doped Indium sulphide thin films with different [Ag/In] molar ratio concentrations (0, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1) were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, AFM, spectrophotometer and Hall measurement system, respectively. Kramers-Kronig method was used to obtain optical constants of the films. It is found that Ag can change physical properties of Indium sulfide thin films, depending on the Ag concentration. XRD results show the incorporation of Ag concentration did not change the structure of In2S3. Doped films had rough surfaces. As the [Ag/In] molar ratio increased, conductivity increases and optical direct band gap energy decreases from 2.75 to 2.38 eV.
Examination of microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms in an aluminum-based hybrid composite prepared through the spark plasma sintering method
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Reza , Albooyeh Alireza , Shiraghaei Hassan , Shayestefar Misagh
Published: October 2020

A bulk hybrid composite to be potentially used as a foam precursor was produced in this study. TiH2 powder particles along with different concentrations of SiC were mixed with pure Al particles and consolidated through the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Bulk samples with nearly full density were successfully produced using the SPS method. During the consolidation process, no additional phases were found within the ceramic particles/matrix interfacial region. Using the ceramic TiH2 and SiC particles as the reinforcement cause notably strengthened the pure Al matrix (37% higher yield strength) without adversely affecting the plasticity, helping retain strain to fracture of about 50% for the sample. The yield strength of the samples was quantitatively approximated by examining their strengthening mechanisms via a number of simplified models available in the literature. The analyses found grain boundary and dislocation strengthening to be the most effective mechanisms for enhancing the strength of the samples; it was also found that the difference between the approximated and experimentally obtained overall yield strength was negligible.
Frühgeborene an der Grenze der Lebensfähigkeit (Entwicklungsstufe S2k, AWMF-Leitlinien-Register Nr. 024/019, Juni 2020)
Authors: Bührer Christoph , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Gembruch Ulrich , Hecher Kurt , Kainer Franz , Kehl Sven , Kidszun André , Kribs Angela , Krones Tanja , Lipp Volker , Maier Rolf F. , Mitschdörfer Barbara , Nicin Tatjana , Roll Claudia , Schindler Monika
Published: October 2020

Redaktionskomitee Federführende Fachgesellschaft
Diagnostik im Bereich des Gesundheitssports im Setting Sportverein
Authors: Tiemann Michael , Pauly Pia
Published: October 2020

Im Bereich des organisierten Sports bzw. im Setting Sportverein wurden diagnostische Verfahren lange fast ausschließlich im Leistungs- und Hochleistungssport, insbesondere zur Leistungsdiagnostik und Trainingssteuerung, eingesetzt. Seit einigen Jahren finden entsprechende Maßnahmen aber auch im Gesundheits- und Fitnesssport vermehrt Anwendung. Durch ihren Einsatz sollen insbesondere vermeidbare individuelle Gesundheitsrisiken ausgeschlossen, die Belastungssteuerung optimiert und die Erreichung der anvisierten Gesundheits- und Verhaltenswirkungen überprüft werden. Der zunehmende Einsatz von Maßnahmen zur Diagnostik und Qualitätssicherung steht dabei auch in engem Zusammenhang mit den gestiegenen Qualitätsanforderungen an Gesundheitssportprogramme als förderungswürdige Leistung nach § 20 SGB V durch die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen.

Im organisierten Sport hat der DTB eine Vorreiterrolle übernommen und mit Unterstützung seines wissenschaftlichen Beirats verschiedene qualitätssichernde und diagnostische Maßnahmen entwickelt. Hervorzuheben ist hier zum einen die Entwicklung und Einführung eines spezifischen Instruments zur Bewertung der Qualität (Evidenz) von Gesundheitssportprogrammen (QUAGES). Zur weitergehenden Diagnostik und Qualitätssicherung empfiehlt der DTB seinen Vereinen zum anderen den Einsatz weiterer diagnostischer Verfahren wie die Durchführung eines Risikochecks (PAR-Q) sowie von motorischen Tests wie den „2 km-Walking Test“ oder das „European Test Profile“.

Perspektivisch werden die Entwicklung und Einführung eines ohne größere Hürden einsetzbaren Basis-Assessments sowie die Erstellung praxistauglicher Arbeits- und Umsetzungshilfen für Vereine und Übungsleiter*innen angeregt.
Rheumatologische medikamentöse Therapie bei Malignomanamnese
Authors: Schmalzing Marc
Published: October 2020

Rheumatologische Therapie bei Patienten mit Malignomanamnese ist mit komplexen Fragestellungen verbunden. Schwierigkeiten und Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei der Interpretation aussagekräftiger Studien werden dargestellt. Empfehlungen in Leitlinien zu diesem Thema werden diskutiert. Nationale Register und Versicherungsdatenbanken wurden mit der Frage nach Tumorrezidivrisiko unter Basistherapeutika untersucht ; diese Analysen beziehen sich aber v. a. auf TNF-Inhibitoren und Rituximab. Zu den gängigen Substanzen der Basistherapie werden Daten zur Tumorinzidenz und wenn vorhanden zum Tumorrezidivrisiko zusammengefasst. Abschließend wird der Versuch unternommen Vorschläge zur rheumatolgischen Therapie bei Malignomanamnese zu formulieren.
Predicitve Value of FDG Uptake in the Remaining Adrenal Gland
Following Adrenalectomy for Adrenocortical Cancer
Authors: Loewe Ruben , Rogowski-Lehmann Natalie , Pfluger Thomas , Reincke Martin , Hahner Stefanie , Bluemel Christina , Fassnacht Martin , Beuschlein Felix
Published: October 2020

Following initial surgery, patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are
commonly treated with the adrenolytic substance mitotane in an adjuvant or
therapeutic setting. Treatment responses, however, are variable. The objective
of the study was to investigate a possible correlation between FDG-PET activity
of the remaining adrenal gland and therapeutic response of mitotane treatment.
This is a retrospective study enrolling patients from two German centers with
operated ACC and minimal information on PET-CT scanning. Eighty-two ACC patients
after adrenalectomy were included (66 treated with mitotane and 16 without
medical therapy). FDG uptake of the contralateral adrenal gland, liver and
mediastinum was analyzed from a total of 291 PET/CT scans (median 4
scans per patient) and correlated with clinical annotations including overall
and recurrence free survival. The majority of patients (81%) displayed a
temporary increase in adrenal FDG uptake within the first 18 months following
surgery, which was not associated with a morphological correlate for potential
malignancy. This increase was mainly present in patients treated with mitotane
(51/61, 84%) but less frequent in the control group
(4/7, 57%). No direct correlation with mitotane plasma levels
were evident. Patients following R0 resection with high adrenal uptake showed a
tendency towards better clinical outcome without reaching a significance value
(HR 1.41; CI 0.42–4.75; p=0.059). FDG update of the
contralateral adrenal gland may not be misinterpreted as sign of malignancy but
might be rather associated with a trend towards better clinical outcome.
Next Generation Sequencing in Pediatric Epilepsy Using Customized Panels: Size Matters
Authors: Willimsky Eva-Katharina , Munzig Anna , Mayer Karin , Biskup Saskia , Abicht Angela , Hoertnagel Konstanze , Voss Hubertus von , Klein Hanns-Georg , Rost Imma , Larsen Line H.G. , Dahl Hanns Atli , Hoelz Hannes , Stuelpnagel Celina von , Borggraefe Ingo
Published: October 2020

Introduction Next generation sequencing (NGS) with customized gene panels is a helpful tool to identify monogenic epilepsy syndromes. The number of genes tested within a customized panel may vary greatly. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic yield of small (<25 kb) and large (>25 kb) customized epilepsy panels.

Methods This retrospective cohort study investigated data of 190 patients of 18 years or younger, with the diagnosis of an epilepsy of unknown etiology who underwent NGS using customized gene panels. Small (<25 kb) and large (>25 kb) panels were compared regarding the distribution of benign/likely benign and pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and variants of unclear significance. In addition, differences of the diagnostic yield with respect to epilepsy severity, i.e., developmental and epileptic encephalopathy [DEE] vs. non-DEE, were analyzed.

Results The diagnostic yield defined as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in large panels was significantly increased (29% [n = 14/48] vs. 13% [n = 18/142], p = 0.0198) compared with smaller panels. In non-DEE patients the increase of the diagnostic yield in large panels was significant(35% n = 6/17 vs. 13% n = 12/94, p = 0.0378), which was not true for DEE patients.

Discussion This study indicates that large panels are superior for pediatric patients with epilepsy forms without encephalopathy (non-DEE). For patients suffering from DEE small panels of a maximum of 10 genes seem to be sufficient. The proportion of unclear findings increases with rising panel sizes.

Conclusion Customized epilepsy panels of >25 kb compared with smaller panels show a significant higher diagnostic yield in patients with epilepsy especially in non-DEE patients.
Assessment of Anxiety and Stress among Dental Students to Return to Training in Dental College in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kharma Mohamed Yaser , Koussa Baydaa , Aldwaik Ahmed , Yaseen Jumana , Alamari Sulaiman , Alras Hala , Almech Mohamad
Published: October 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the sources of anxiety and stress among dental students when returning back to training in dental colleges in the era of COVID-19, with the evaluation of a secure condition for training and practicing without the risk of contamination.

Materials and Methods A questionnaire was edited in English and distributed to the dental students through the official site of Al-Farabi Private College/Jeddah/KSA. The questionnaire was assessed with different parameters: general information of respondents, anxiety and stress during dental training, importance criteria to be applied by dental college, and exploring the uses and benefits of e-learning.

Results There were 315 respondents who participated in the study. About 85% participants feel anxiety and stress to return to the dental college. Theses-fearing expressed as high level for 63% compared with 2% before COVID-19. Almost 75% had supported the procedures to be implemented to ensure the safety of the students. About 43% of respondents agreed to continue e-learning in theoretical part only, 1% for clinical part only, and 47% in both. Finally, 67% of respondents preferred the use of alternative methods of learning (Phantom Laboratory) or any simulated teaching aids.

Conclusions A revision of infection control management, improving the working environment, and learning how to deal with patients in purpose to protect everyone are mandatory to alleviate student anxiety to return to training in dental colleges.
Does Periodontal Treatment Help in Arterial Hypertension Control? A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Lanau Neus , Mareque-Bueno Javier , Zabalza Michel
Published: October 2020

Arterial hypertension and periodontal diseases are two of the pathologies with more prevalence worldwide. In the last few years, several scientific evidences have demonstrated the relationship between both diseases. Besides the etiopathogenic and causal relationship, some recent publications have pointed out that the therapeutic approach of periodontitis could have positive effects on the control of arterial hypertension.

The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether there is a decrease in or better control of blood pressure after performing nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis.

A thorough search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases with the keywords “‘periodontal disease’ OR ‘periodontitis’ OR ‘periodontal’ AND ‘blood pressure’ OR ‘hypertension’ OR ‘arterial hypertension’” was conducted. The quality of the reported information was assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews.

Eight articles were considered for this systematic review. Five of the studies showed statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) values.

Despite the limitations of the review, nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease seems to reduce SBP values. Further research with larger and longer-term clinical trials are needed to demonstrate this potential positive effect.
Not all grammatical features are robustly transmitted during the emergence of creoles
Authors: Sessarego Sandro
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses the long-standing debate on the nature and complexity of creole languages. Contrary to what has been claimed in the literature, it is argued that grammars are neither robustly transmitted during the emergence of creoles nor that creole languages represent the simplest grammars in the world. On the contrary, after laying down a theoretical framework that spells out the existence of at least three distinct second-language acquisition (SLA) processes shaping creoles, it is shown how different aspects of the ancestor grammars (and their potential complexities) may or may not be transmitted to the emerging creoles and why.
Improved conflict resolution in romantic couples in mediation compared to negotiation
Authors: Bogacz François , Pun Thierry , Klimecki Olga M.
Published: October 2020

Despite the frequency and adverse effects of conflict, randomized controlled studies on interventions that could promote conflict resolution (e.g., among romantic couples) are scarce. One understudied intervention technique is mediation, which is a negotiation facilitated by a neutral third party. To test the impact of a mediator on couple conflict, we conducted a randomized controlled study involving 38 romantic couples who discussed a topic of recurrent disagreement either in the presence of a mediator or by means of a direct negotiation. The results show that romantic couples in the mediation condition, compared with those in direct negotiation, had a probability of reaching an agreement 1.39 times higher and reported higher satisfaction regarding the content and process of their discussions. In addition, the synchronicity of the couple’s skin conductance, a measure of arousal, correlated with the couple’s closeness and with the quality of their relationship. Our findings suggest that interventions based on mediation can have a beneficial impact on conflict resolution.
The critical velocity of transition to turbulence in 3He–4He liquid solutions
Authors: Vrakina V. A. , Rudavskii E. Ya. , Sokolov S. S. , Chagovets V. K. , Sheshin G. A. , Chagovets T. V.
Published: October 2020

The transition between laminar and turbulent flows around a quartz tuning fork vibrating with frequency ω in superfluid 4He and concentrated solutions (5 and 15% 3He in 4He) in the temperature range 0.3–2.3 K has been studied. The temperature dependences of the amplitude of the critical transition velocity vcr are obtained. The relationship vcr ∼ √(ηω/ρ) is shown to be applicable for the description of these dependences in concentrated solutions of 3He in 4He with density ρ and viscosity η, but this formula does not hold for the temperature dependence of vcr in pure 4He over the entire temperature range explored. It is also shown that in contrast to pure 4He temperature has virtually no effect in concentrated 3He–4He solutions on the drag coefficient in both laminar and turbulent regimes. The concentration dependences of the drag coefficient in the laminar regime normalized to the effective cross section of the vibrating body are plotted in the temperature range 0.5–1 K. The calculated dependences show that for low concentrations of a solution with x3 < 1% 3He the normalized drag coefficient weakly depends on the concentration of 3He and can be qualitatively described by the formula λ/S∼ρηω. In the x3 > 1% 3He concentration range, this coefficient increases sharply, and the reason for such a growth is currently not clear. Overall, the results of the study show that an increase in the 3He concentration in the solution enhances its stability with respect to the development of turbulence as the exciting force of a quartz tuning fork increases.
Analysis of carbon trading market investigates flow of information to clean energy stocks
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2020

Insights into the information flow from carbon markets to clean energy stocks could help investors and policymakers improve clean energy production.
Efficient temperature sensor based on green emissions from Er-doped β-Ga2O3 thin film
Authors: Deng Gaofeng , Saito Katsuhiko , Tanaka Tooru , Guo Qixin
Published: October 2020

The optical temperature sensing properties based on the β-Ga2O3:Er film were reported. Using a laser with 488 nm as an excitation source, the temperature-dependent behavior of the fluorescence intensity ratio of two green emissions at 524 nm and 550 nm corresponding to the thermal coupled energy levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 was investigated in the temperature range of 77 K–400 K. The maximum absolute and relative sensitivities were found to be 0.003 K−1 at 400 K and 1031/T2. In comparison with the temperature sensor based on GaN:Er/Yb, the temperature sensor based on β-Ga2O3:Er without any sensitizer in this work can operate at higher temperatures. The thermal effect induced by the radiation of laser was also investigated, and the results show that the thermal effect induced by the pump power in this work can be negligible. These results suggest that the β-Ga2O3:Er film is a potential material for application in optical temperature sensing.
Chemical Nature of Spent Coffee Grounds and Husks
Authors: Carruthers-Taylor Temma , Banerjee Jhumur , Little Karen , Wong Yong Foo , Jackson William Roy , Patti Antonio F.
Published: October 2020

Waste coffee husks and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are produced in large qualities worldwide. Characterisation of these waste streams from Australian commercial outlets in terms of lipid, caffeine, and polyphenol content was undertaken giving values up to 10% lipids and 23mg g−1 phenols from SCGs, consistent with reports from other parts of the world. Husks generally gave lower values. Caffeine residues of 5 and 10mg g−1 (dry weight basis) were found in husks and SCGs respectively. Comparing air-dried and water-extracted solid SCGs and the resulting water extract in plant phytotoxicity studies indicated that pretreatment of the SCGs and plants exposed to the SCGs, are important factors when considering their use as a soil amendment.
New distance measures of hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets
Authors: Wu Shuangsheng , Lin Jie , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: October 2020

Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs) is an important decision-making tool for qualitative evaluation, and the distance measures between HFLTSs have been widely concerned. The purpose of this paper is to overcome the defects of the existing distance measures between HFLTSs and propose some improved and more reasonable distance measures of HFLTSs. Firstly, we find that the existing HFLTSs distance measures do not satisfy basic properties such as triangle inequality through analysis. Additionally, considering that the existing distance measures do not think about the influence of the different number of linguistic terms on the calculated results, some distance measures considering both the decision-makers’ hesitance degree and linguistic term values are further proposed. The developed distance measures not only satisfy the basic properties but also avoid the loss of decision information. Finally, the developed distance measures are applied to the field of judicial execution and compared with the calculation results of the existing distance measures. The results show that the developed distance measures are more consistent with the actual decision-making process, which is helpful in improving the quality of decision-making.
Solitons and periodic waves for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics
Authors: Wang Dong , Gao Yi-Tian , Ding Cui-Cui , Zhang Cai-Yin
Published: October 2020

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics. Soliton and one-periodic-wave solutions are obtained via the Hirota bilinear method and Hirota–Riemann method. Magnitude and velocity of the one soliton are derived. Graphs are presented to discuss the solitons and one-periodic waves: the coefficients in the equation can determine the velocity components of the one soliton, but cannot alter the soliton magnitude; the interaction between the two solitons is elastic; the coefficients in the equation can influence the periods and velocities of the periodic waves. Relation between the one-soliton solution and one-periodic wave solution is investigated.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenic Analysis of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Aneurinibacillus migulanus From Rhizosphere Imperata Cylindrica, Karst Citatah, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Hafsari A R , Purnawan L
Published: October 2020

Phosphate converted from insoluble phosphate bonds (through secretion of organic acids) to P-inorganic bonds by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Two highly potential PSB isolates, BR.5 and BR.7, were isolated from rhizosphere Imperata cylindrica, ex-mining limestone land in Karst Citatah, Province Jawa Barat, Indonesia. From the screening of P-solubilizing test results, BR.5 showed the highest clear zones in pikovskaya agar containing Ca3(PO4)2. The molecular methods to determine the species of bacteria are DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR, qualitative DNA testing by electrophoresis, and sequencing. The result of PCR results of DNA bands by electrophoresis, BR.5 has 1500 bp fragment length, 16S rRNA gene yielded on the phylogenic tree of Isolate BR. 5 has a similarity or relationship with the species Aneurinibacillus migulanus Isolate Am25 with a bootstrap value of 99%. Based on the genetic distance between Isolate BR.5 and Aneurinibacillus migulanus, Isolate Am25 has a distance value of 0.71%.
Molecular Study of Root Colonization and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Associated with Lesser Yam (Dioscorea esculenta)
Authors: Nuryana I , Widada J , Subandiyah S
Published: October 2020

Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) can be utilized as a functional food due to the high content of inulin, an ingredient of food products and prebiotics. Hence, it is important to increase and promote yam tuber production by using beneficial microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This research was aimed to investigate the root colonization and diversity of AMF associated with lesser yam growing at two altitudes. Soil and root samples were collected from different altitudes, lowlands and highlands. The percentage of root colonization was measured using both the staining method and relative quantification using qPCR. The diversity of AMF was analyzed by using molecular approach T–RFLP with a specific primer pair AML1–AML2 and measured by Shannon–Wiener index. Results showed that root samples from lowlands had a higher percentage of root colonization and significant difference than highlands. A total of identified 17 AMF species belonging to 9 genera: Scutelluspora, Septoglomus, Sclerocystis, Ambispora, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, and Glomus were determined based on genebank database. Acaulospora was the most dominant and abundant, followed by Glomus and Gigaspora. The study indicated that these genera will be more effective used as potential AMF inoculum to improve lesser yam tuber production.
Determination of optimum conditions to produce stearoyl glycerol enzymatically
Authors: Roosdiana Anna , Mahdi Chanif , Sutrisno  , Rahma Zahza Fatika
Published: October 2020

Stearoyl glycerol is the result of the esterification of glycerol with stearic acid enzymatically using immobilized lipase as catalyst. The lipase is immobilized with chitosan matrix with entrapment method. This study aims were to determine the optimum condition of esterification of glycerol with stearic acid based on reaction time and temperature, and reactant mole ratio. The esterification reaction was carried out by varying reaction time (6, 12, 18, 24, 30) hours, reaction temperature (30, 35, 45, 50, 55) °C, and mole ratio of stearic acid : glycerol (1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8), the optimum conditions were achieved through conversion percentage. The produced ester was identified by FTIR spectrophotometer and characterized by the value of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB). The results showed that optimum conditions on reaction time 24 hours, reaction temperature 45°C and mole ratio of stearic acid:glycerol (1:2) produced stearoyl glycerol with conversion percentage of 41.04% and HLB values of 5.01 that was included in the w/o emulsifier type. In addition, the FTIR spectra showed a strong absorption at wave numbers 1703.03 cm−1 (C=O), 1043.02 cm−1(C-O), and 3402.20 cm−1 (O-H) which indicated the characteristic absorption of stearoyl glycerol.
Virtual screening of black rice anthocyanins as antiobesity through inhibiting TLR4 and JNK pathway
Authors: Sari DRT , Safitri A , Cairns JRK , Fatchiyah F
Published: October 2020

Obesity is one of metabolic syndrome and have several complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammations. To reduce the complications and prevent the obesity, some natural constituents has been tested. This study proved the screening of cyanidin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside for inhibiting TLR4 and JNK protein using in-silico study. Four black rice anthocyanins, cyanidin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside as ligands taken out from PubChem database. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase as target protein retrieved from protein data bank. Both of anthocyanins and proteins were docked by Hex 8.0 software and examined using Discovery studio v.19. All black rice anthocyanins interacted with TLR4 and JNK proteins. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin inhibit TLR4 in substrate residues site, while those anthocyanins directly inhibited the JNK protein in ATP active sites, gatekeeper residues, and phosphorylation sites. Those data indicated that four kind of anthocyanins that detected on black rice have functional role as anti-obesity. Further in-vivo or in-vitro research are required to support this experiment.
The Effects of ß-glucan Extract from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on Expression of Serum Malondialdehyde in Sprague dawley Rats Induced by HFHF Diet
Authors: Yunita Ema Pristi , Yuniar Astilia Mildha , Kusumastuty Inggita , Maghfirotun Alma , Handayani Dian
Published: October 2020

The obesity prevalence in the world continues to increase yearly, which further cause clinical problems related to metabolic syndrome and lipid peroxidation. This study aims to determine the effect of ß-glucan extract from oyster mushrooms on lipid peroxidation markers, namely serum MDA levels in rats. Therefore,Sprague dawleyrats were divided into four groups, namely the KN group, which was fed with AIN-93M standard diet, the KP group was given the AIN-93M modified HFHF diet, the PI group was fed with AIN-93M modified HFHF + ß-glucan diet 125 mg/kgBW, and the P2 group was given the AIN-93M modified HFHF + ß-glucan diet 375 mg/kgBW. The ß-glucan detection test in oyster mushroom extract used an FTIR spectrophotometer, while the content analysis used the Mega-Calc™ from Megazyme, and also, the MDA levels were determined through the TBARS method. Furthermore, based on FTIR spectrum results, it was proven that oyster mushroom extract contained ß-glucan. The provision of HFHF diet for 14 weeks caused the rats to be pre-obese, resulting in lipid peroxidation due to the free radicals induction. The average Fee index rats at the end of treatment were 294.00 + 6.40 (KN), 292.78 + 6.37 (KP), 291.85 + 9.60 (PI), and 286.88 + 10.60 (P2), with a p value of 0.687. Meanwhile, the average serum MDA level (ng/mF) obtained were 507.833 + 35.95 (KN), 504.184 + 29.17 (KP), 540.397 + 29.80 (PI), and 553.996 + 86.78 (P2), with a p value of 0.001. The values of serum MDA levels that were statistically significant were KN vs P2, KP vs P1, KP vs P2, and P1 vs P2. These results showed that the dose and duration of ß-glucan administered were not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation process.
Preparation of Bi2MoO6@Diatomite composite and its visible light driven reduction of Cr(VI) and removal of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Xiao Liguang , Yang Caixia , Li Genzhuang , Chu Xuefeng , Yan Gang
Published: October 2020

The use of cheap and porous substrates to support visible light photocatalyst is an effective solution to avoid the agglomeration of catalyst. Herein, the Bi2MoO6@Diatomite composite has been prepared through hydrothermal reaction with Bi(NO3)3 and Na2MoO4 as precursors and diatomite as substrate. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and DRS are applied to characterize these composite photocatalysts. The photocatalytic performance of the obtained composites were studied through the Cr(VI) reduction and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The photocatalytic experimental results display that the sample with 6% diatomite mass faction (Bi2MoO6@6%DE) has the highest catalytic performance in all materials. In the Cr(VI) solution, the Bi2MoO6@6%DE can reduce 90.1% of Cr(VI) in 60 min, while Bi2MoO6 can only reduce 71.7% of pollutants in the same time. In the TC solution, the Bi2MoO6@6%DE can reduce 74.7% of TC in 120 min, while Bi2MoO6 can only reduce 30.5% of pollutants in the same time. The photocatalytic mechanism was further investigated through the test of active radical capture. The main active radicals in the reduction of Cr(VI) is photogenerated electrons. The ·HO−, ·O2
− and holes (h+) are active free radicals in the removal process of TC, and photogenerated holes (h+) have the greatest influence. This composite has good photocatalytic activity and recyclability, so it has great application potential in waste water treatment.
Hausdorff dimension of escaping sets of meromorphic functions
Authors: Aspenberg Magnus , Cui Weiwei
Published: October 2020

We give a complete description of the possible Hausdorff dimensions of escaping sets for meromorphic functions with a finite number of singular values. More precisely, for any given

d
∈
[
0
,
2
]

d\in [0,2]

we show that there exists such a meromorphic function for which the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set is equal to

d
d

. The main ingredient is to glue together suitable meromorphic functions by using quasiconformal mappings. Moreover, we show that there are uncountably many quasiconformally equivalent meromorphic functions for which the escaping sets have different Hausdorff dimensions.
Two high-yield complementary methods to sort cell populations by their 2D or 3D migration speed
Authors: Arora Aditya , Niño Jorge Luis Galeano , Myaing Myint Zu , Chia Shumei , Arasi Bakya , Ravasio Andrea , Huang Ruby Yun-Ju , Dasgupta Ramanuj , Biro Maté , Viasnoff Virgile
Published: October 2020

This article describes a facile approach to sort millions of cells based on their migration speeds in 2D or 3D microenvironments. We validate the method using imaging, transcriptomics, and functional assays for cancer and immune cells. The tool is valuable to study new correlative and causative phenotypes associated with cell migration.
A quantitative and semiautomated method for determining misaligned and lagging chromosomes during mitosis
Authors: Gama Braga Luciano , Prifti Diogjena Katerina , Garand Chantal , Saini Pawan Kumar , Elowe Sabine
Published: October 2020

This study uses Cartesian plane geometry to model mitotic cells and describe mathematical methods based on this to quantify chromosome misalignment and measure kinetochore position to metaphase plates. The method is adapted to count lagging kinetochores in anaphase and provide semiautomated, user-friendly ImageJ macros to facilitate the operations.
Predicting enhancer-promoter interactions by deep learning and matching heuristic
Authors: Min Xiaoping , Ye Congmin , Liu Xiangrong , Zeng Xiangxiang
Published: October 2020

Enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) play an important role in transcriptional regulation. Recently, machine learning-based methods have been widely used in the genome-scale identification of EPIs due to their promising predictive performance. In this paper, we propose a novel method, termed EPI-DLMH, for predicting EPIs with the use of DNA sequences only. EPI-DLMH consists of three major steps. First, a two-layer convolutional neural network is used to learn local features, and an bidirectional gated recurrent unit network is used to capture long-range dependencies on the sequences of promoters and enhancers. Second, an attention mechanism is used for focusing on relatively important features. Finally, a matching heuristic mechanism is introduced for the exploration of the interaction between enhancers and promoters. We use benchmark datasets in evaluating and comparing the proposed method with existing methods. Comparative results show that our model is superior to currently existing models in multiple cell lines. Specifically, we found that the matching heuristic mechanism introduced into the proposed model mainly contributes to the improvement of performance in terms of overall accuracy. Additionally, compared with existing models, our model is more efficient with regard to computational speed.
Effect of high cut-off dialysis for acute kidney injury secondary to cast nephropathy in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tarragón Blanca , Ye Nan , Gallagher Martin , Sen Shaundeep , Portolés Jose Maria , Wang Amanda Y
Published: October 2020

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by cast nephropathy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among patients with multiple myeloma (MM). High cut-off haemodialysis (HCO-HD) has proven to be effective in the removal of serum light chains but the effect on clinical outcomes, especially renal recovery, remains uncertain.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed examining all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBSs) assessing the effect of HCO-HD on clinical outcomes of patients with MM complicated by cast nephropathy–induced severe AKI. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at the end of the study. The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality at 12 months, HD independence and serum kappa and lambda light chain reduction. Pooled analysis was performed using random effects models.

Results

We identified five studies, comprising two RCTs and three retrospective cohort studies, including 276 patients with a mean follow-up of 18.7 months. The majority of the studies were of suboptimal quality and underpowered. Compared with patients treated with conventional HD, HCO-HD was not associated with a survival benefit at 12 months {five studies, 276 patients, relative risk [RR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.35], I2 = 33.9%} or at the end of the studies at an average of 34 months [five studies, 276 patients, RR 1.32 (95% CI 0.71–2.45), I2 = 62.0%]. There was no difference in HD independence at 90 days [two trials, 78 patients, RR 2.23 (95% CI 1.09–4.55)], 6 months [two studies, 188 patients, RR 1.19 (95% CI 0.68–2.06)] or 12 months [two studies, 188 patients, RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.58–2.26)]. Patients receiving HCO dialysis, however, had a greater reduction in serum kappa [two studies, 188 patients, weighted mean difference (WMD) 46.7 (95% CI 38.6–54.7), I2 =  52.0%] and lambda [two studies, 188 patients, WMD 50.3 (95% CI 21.4–79.3), I2 = 95.1%] light chain levels.

Conclusion

Current evidence from RCTs and OBSs suggests HCO dialysis is able to reduce serum free light chains but makes no significant improvement in all-cause mortality and renal outcomes compared with conventional HD for patients with myeloma cast nephropathy. However, there is a trend towards better renal outcomes with the use of HCO dialysis. The lack of long-term data and the small sample sizes of the included studies limit this analysis. Therefore further large-scale RCTs with longer follow-up are needed to assess the effect of HCO dialysis on clinical outcomes in patients with myeloma cast nephropathy.
Contribution of Larvae Developing on Corn and Dry Beans to the Adult Population of Western Bean Cutworm in Michigan
Authors: Bunn Dakota C , Dias de Oliveira Eduardo , Springborn Frederick , Gonzalez-Meler Miquel A , Miller Nicholas
Published: October 2020

The western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is historically a pest of both corn (Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae)) and dry beans (Phaseolus sp. L. (Fabales: Fabaceae)) in the western Great Plains. However, it has recently undergone an eastward range expansion establishing itself across the Corn Belt in 25 states and 4 Canadian provinces. To mitigate the effects of infestation in Michigan, foliar insecticides are used in dry beans, whereas management of the pest in corn relies more heavily on the use of Bt-expressing hybrids. In this study stable carbon isotope analysis was used to determine what crop adult moths developed on as larvae with analysis showing that very few of the adult moths developed on dry beans. These results suggest that beans and corn are not suitable as co-refuges and that mainly adults which developed on corn are contributing to the next generation of western bean cutworm in Michigan.
Carabid Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a Seminatural Grassland and the Adjacent Old Beech Forest in Northeast Japan
Authors: Okatsu Yutaro , Tsutsumi Tadaaki
Published: October 2020

The decline and disappearance of seminatural grasslands in Japan have caused a reduction in plant and animal species inhabiting such grasslands. We aimed to understand the assemblage structure, species diversity, and distribution of carabid beetles in traditionally managed seminatural grasslands, by comparing with the adjacent old beech forest. We investigated the carabid beetle assemblages in a seminatural grassland maintained by prescribed burning and annual mowing, and the adjacent old beech forest in Yamagata Prefecture, northeast Japan. We recorded several forest species along with open habitat species and habitat generalists in the grassland, suggesting that forest species may utilize the adjacent grasslands as temporary habitats. Cluster analysis showed that the assemblage structure of carabid beetles in the grassland differed from that in the beech forest. There were no clear differences in the carabid assemblages between the burned grassland sites and the grassland sites mowed in July after burning. This suggests that the annual mowing had little influence on the response of grassland carabid species in parts of the grassland. We recorded Harpalus roninus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a rare carabid species in Japan, indicating that this beetle can be a characteristic of the studied grassland. Redundancy analysis showed that the eight abundant grassland species were associated with canopy openness, grass height, and understory vegetation cover, whereas the five most common species recorded from the beech forest were associated with litter depth and soil moisture.