bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red cabbage extract immobilized in bacterial cellulose film as an eco-friendly sensor to monitor microbial contamination and gamma irradiation of stored cucumbers
Authors: Abdelkader Reham M. M. , Hamed Doaa A. , Gomaa Ola M.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the present study is to develop a pH-sensing biopolymer film based on the immobilization of red cabbage extract (RCE) within bacterial cellulose (BC) to detect contamination and gamma radiation exposure in cucumbers. The results obtained show a sensitivity to pH changes for RCE in its aqueous form and that incorporated within BC films (RCE-BC), both showed color change correlated to bacterial growth (R2 = 0.91), this was supported with increase in pH values from 2 to 12 (R2 = 0.98). RCE and RCE-BC exposure to gamma radiation (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 kGy) resulted in gradual decrease in color that was more evident in RCE aqueous samples. To sense bacterial contamination of cucumbers, the total count was followed at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days in cold storage conditions and was found to reach 9.13 and 5.47 log cfu/mL for non-irradiated and 2 kGy irradiated samples, respectively. The main isolates detected throughout this storage period were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia sp. Pantoea agglomerans using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight-ms (MALDI–TOF–MS). Bacterial growth in stored irradiated cucumbers was detected by color change within 5 and 10 days of storage, after which there was no evident change. This is very useful since contamination within the early days of storage cannot be sensed with the naked eye. This study is the first to highlight utilizing RCE and RCE-BC as eco-friendly pH-sensing indicator films for intelligent food packaging to detect both food contamination and gamma preservation for refrigerator stored cucumbers.
Tropical Logistic Regression Model on Space of Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Aliatimis Georgios , Yoshida Ruriko , Boyacı Burak , Grant James A.
Published: July 2024

Classification of gene trees is an important task both in the analysis of multi-locus phylogenetic data, and assessment of the convergence of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses used in Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The logistic regression model is one of the most popular classification models in statistical learning, thanks to its computational speed and interpretability. However, it is not appropriate to directly apply the standard logistic regression model to a set of phylogenetic trees, as the space of phylogenetic trees is non-Euclidean and thus contradicts the standard assumptions on covariates. It is well-known in tropical geometry and phylogenetics that the space of phylogenetic trees is a tropical linear space in terms of the max-plus algebra. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an analogue approach of the logistic regression model in the setting of tropical geometry. Our proposed method outperforms classical logistic regression in terms of Area under the ROC Curve in numerical examples, including with data generated by the multi-species coalescent model. Theoretical properties such as statistical consistency have been proved and generalization error rates have been derived. Finally, our classification algorithm is proposed as an MCMC convergence criterion for . Unlike the convergence metric used by which is only dependent on tree topologies, our method is sensitive to branch lengths and therefore provides a more robust metric for convergence. In a test case, it is illustrated that the tropical logistic regression can differentiate between two independently run MCMC chains, even when the standard metric cannot.
Narcissists don’t care about approval: the role of narcissism and status motives in explaining the relationship between self-objectification and approval motivation
Authors: Chen Shilei , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Mahadevan Nikhila , Leman Patrick J.
Published: July 2024

Prior research has established that women who self-objectify seek approval from others more strongly than women who self-objectify less. Yet the boundary conditions of this link remain largely unexamined. Building on hierometer theory, which postulates that narcissism tracks social status and motivates status-optimizing behaviour, we tested whether the desire for social status (e.g., among narcissists) severed the association between self-objectification and approval seeking. Two cross-sectional studies (NS1 = 200; NS2 = 201) using moderated mediation models found support for this proposition. The moderated mediation model shows that the link between self-objectification and approval seeking was attenuated among narcissists, as narcissists seek higher social status, instead of favour and approval from others. Together, the studies suggest that self-objectification no longer predicts approval seeking among individuals who prioritise status over inclusion. The findings help further connect the self-objectification literature to research on social status and self-regard. Practical implications and extensions are discussed.
Psychological dimensions associated with youth engagement in climate change issues: a person-centered approach
Authors: Geraci Alessandro , Giordano Giulia , Cucinella Nicla , Cannavò Marco , Cavarretta Maria Valentina , Alesi Marianna , Caci Barbara , D’Amico Antonella , Gentile Ambra , Iannello Nicolò Maria , Ingoglia Sonia , Inguglia Cristiano , Liga Francesca , Manna Giovanna , Monzani Dario , Polizzi Concetta , De Grazia Luciana , Vinci Ignazio Marcello , Papa Federica
Published: July 2024

Climate change is one of the greatest global threats that has ecological, economic, social, and psychological consequences. Nowadays, young people are the target of political agenda since they represent potential future policymakers. Consequently, it is crucial to identify the psychological features that contribute to engagement of young people in climate change issue. This study aimed at identifying and describing different configurations of youth perceiving and experiencing climate change. A sample of 224 participants (61% females; Mage = 21.04, SD = 1.65) were involved in study. From a cluster analysis emerged three distinct profiles, Eco-Disengaged, Eco-Engaged/Oriented and Eco-Engaged/Disoriented, which differ in levels of climate change awareness, worry and anxiety. Findings suggest that institutions might develop green education programs based on young people’s individual differences.
Topische Therapie bei atopischer Dermatitis, Alopecia areata, Vitiligo
Authors: Harpain Lucie
Published: July 2024

Die topische Therapie in der Dermatologie hat sich in den letzten Jahren erheblich weiterentwickelt und bietet neue Hoffnung für Patienten mit verschiedenen Hauterkrankungen wie Atopische Dermatitis (AD), Alopecia areata (AA) und Vitiligo. Bei der Behandlung der AD spielen Basistherapie, topische Steroide und Calcineurin-Inhibitoren eine zentrale Rolle. Die Basistherapie konzentriert sich auf die Stärkung der Hautbarriere. Topische Steroide werden zur kurzfristigen Behandlung von Entzündungsschüben eingesetzt, während topische Calcineurin-Inhibitoren eine Alternative darstellen, insbesondere für empfindliche Hautbereiche. Neue Entwicklungen wie topische PGE4-Inhibitoren und Januskinase(JAK)-Inhibitoren erweitern die Behandlungsoptionen und bieten vielversprechende Ergebnisse für AD-Patienten. Bei der Behandlung der AA sind intraläsionale Kortikosteroid-Injektionen und die Kontaktimmuntherapie wichtige Optionen. Die topische Anwendung von JAK-Inhibitoren wie Tofacitinib und Ruxolitinib hat ebenfalls das Interesse der Forschung geweckt, obwohl ihre Wirksamkeit in Studien divergiert. Die Zulassung der ersten Vitiligo-spezifischen Therapie der Ruxolitinib-Creme durch die EMA (Europäische Arzneimittel-Agentur) im April 2023 markiert einen bedeutenden Fortschritt. Insgesamt zeigen diese Entwicklungen das transformative Potenzial der topischen Therapie und bieten neue Hoffnung für Patienten. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um die langfristige Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit dieser neuen Behandlungsoptionen zu bestätigen und ihr volles Potenzial auszuschöpfen.
Environmental effects on faecal genotyping success in mesocarnivores
Authors: Scholz Lukas G. , Tripke Henriette , Ebert Cornelia , Alef Thomas , Kämmerle Jim-Lino , Storch Ilse , Bhardwaj Manisha
Published: July 2024

Non-invasive genetic sampling can be used in research, monitoring, and conservation of wild animals to, for example, provide insights into diets, identify individuals and estimate population sizes. Non-invasive genetic sampling may be especially useful to monitor elusive species because DNA can be derived from materials such as hairs and faeces without handling individuals. However, the reliability of the results derived from this technique is dependent on the quality of DNA obtained from samples, which can deteriorate from exposure to environmental conditions and sample age. While freshness of the sample is an important factor, the combined effect of different field conditions on the genotyping success is not fully understood. To address this gap, we systematically investigated the effects of sample age and environmental conditions on genotyping success of faeces, in an experimental setting of four treatments that combined rain and temperature conditions typical of central European climates. We compared the performance of a microsatellite marker set and a SNP panel for red fox (Vulpes vulpes), as well as a microsatellite marker set for pine marten (Martes martes) from faeces resampled over 21 days. We found that genotyping success decreased significantly with sample age, however environmental treatments did not impact the success. Furthermore, the SNPs we used amplified more successfully over time than the respective microsatellites. Therefore, the use of SNPs instead of conventional microsatellites, when using faecal samples for analysis relying on correct amplifications, could be advantageous. We recommend to prioritise the collection of fresh faeces regardless of environmental conditions.
Place Value and Regrouping as Helpful Constructs to Diagnose Difficulties in Understanding the Place Value System
Authors: Jensen Solveig , Gasteiger Hedwig , Bruns Julia
Published: July 2024

The understanding of place value systems, especially the base-ten place value system, is one of the most important prerequisites to develop numeracy. The understanding of place value systems can be ascribed to two concepts, which in the tradition of the German subject-matter didactics are called regrouping principle and place value principle. Our study aims at clarifying whether these two principles can be used systematically for an effective identification of the gaps in students’ understanding to give a basis for individual support. We therefore conducted a study with N = 100 third graders (8 to 10 years old). We asked the students to work on 7 tasks on translating named units into written numbers using the place value system, in which the place value principle, the regrouping principle or both principles had to be considered. We analysed the errors qualitatively regarding which principle was violated and developed a typification of solution behaviour. The identified individual difficulties by taking the perspective of the two principles can be a starting point for individual support. Our tasks are shown to be a quick and easy way to diagnose students’ individual problems in understanding the base-ten place value system.
Liquid carry-over control using three-phase horizontal smart separators in Khor Mor gas-condensate processing plant
Authors: Sulaiman Fenk A. , Sidiq Hiwa , Kader Rawand
Published: July 2024

Liquid carry-over phenomenon, where liquid droplets escape with gas, is a prevalent operational challenge in gas–liquid separators. Liquid carry-over leads to foaming issue and performance reduction within separator downstream absorption processes. In order to ascertain whether liquid carry-over is inducing foaming within the gas sweetening process’s absorption tower at Iraq’s Khor Mor gas-condensate processing plant, this study initiated an evaluation of the liquid droplet size distribution in the gas product and gas/liquid separation efficiency of upstream Alpha, Bravo #1, Bravo #2, and Charlee separators that feed into the aforementioned tower by using the Horizontal Vessel and ProSeparator correlations in Aspen HYSYS v.11 software. The study revealed that Alpha and Bravo #2 experienced liquid carry-over issues. In response to these challenges, an innovative smart separator design, referred to as an adjustable separator, was proposed, employing the Arnold-Stewart semi-empirical procedure. This design allows for easy adjustment to accommodate changes in feed composition and operational conditions, mitigating the liquid carry-over problem. The smart design demonstrated a significant increase in gas/liquid separation efficiency for Alpha separator, improving by 31.11% under current conditions and 77.65% under future conditions. Similarly, under both current and future conditions, the smart design of Bravo #2 separator yielded an enhancement of 21.31% and 28.23%, respectively. These results suggest that the smart design can be considered an optimal solution for controlling liquid carry-over. This innovation not only maintains high gas/liquid separation efficiency but also prevents foaming, offering a robust solution for ensuring sustained operational performance and productivity in gas–liquid separation processes.
Analysis of changes in shale mechanical properties and fault instability activation caused by drilling fluid invasion into formations
Authors: Zhou Xin , Liu Xiangjun , Liang Lixi
Published: July 2024

During the drilling process, the issue of drilling fluid loss can lead to changes in the mechanical properties of the formation, thereby altering the stress environment of nearby faults. In order to assess the risk of fault activation during drilling operations, the Ordos M area shale was selected as the research object. Mechanical experiments were conducted on rock samples immersed in water-based drilling fluid with a pressure differential of 2 MPa and a temperature of 50 °C. The changes in the mechanical properties of the shale before and after immersion in drilling fluid were determined. Based on the experimental results, combined with the spring combination model and fault activation theory, a quantitative evaluation of fault activation risk was conducted. The findings revealed that the shale in this region has a high clay content, demonstrating a certain level of water sensitivity. The presence of micro-pores and micro-fractures is well-developed, increasing the interaction probability between drilling fluids and clay minerals. After immersion in drilling fluid, there was a varied decline in all mechanical strengths of the shale. The elastic modulus is positively correlated with the shear strength and Coulomb stress of the fault plane. The Poisson’s ratio is positively correlated with the shear strength and negatively correlated with the Coulomb stress. The greater the internal friction and cohesion, the higher the shear strength of the fault plane, and the larger the friction coefficient, the smaller the Coulomb stress, resulting in a more stable fault.
Constrained path planning for manned–unmanned rotorcraft teaming in emergency medical service missions
Authors: Roncolini Francesca , Galante Giovanni , Quaranta Giuseppe , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the path-planning problem applied to an innovative Unmanned Air Vehicle teaming with a helicopter to increase safety during Helicopter Emergency Medical Services operations. The unmanned vehicle, a drone that optionally can be launched from the helicopter, has the mission to explore the area of operation to determine the meteorological and environmental conditions and to detect physical obstacles. It is initially found that the combination of probabilistically optimal Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT$$^{*}$$

∗

) as the global planner and of Bidirectional Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (BiRRT) as the local planner provides a nearly optimal global path and a rapid replanning in case new obstacles are detected. Adopting a Savitzky–Golay filter in an optional post-processing phase enables trajectory smoothing, thus improving its practicability. The feasibility of the identified trajectory for a rigid-body helicopter model is assessed by computing a first estimate of attitude, forces, control inputs, and rotor power from the trajectory points and curvature. This assessment shows that the RRT$$^{*}$$

∗

used as a local planner provides replanned trajectories more feasible than BiRRT with comparable computational times.
From an Eco-Relational Approach to Ecologically Responsible Robot Ethics
Authors: Puzio Anna
Published: July 2024

In this reply, I respond to Joshua C. Gellers’ commentary on my article “Not Relational Enough? Towards an Eco-Relational Approach in Robot Ethics” (Puzio, 2024a), in which I present a deeply relational, “eco-relational approach”. This approach asserts that it is necessary to consider the relationality with non-human entities such as animals and technology on a deeper level than has been done in robot ethics so far. This disrupts traditional ethical concepts. In his commentary “Not Ecological Enough: A Commentary on an Eco-Relational Approach in Robot Ethics” (2024), Gellers raises criticisms of my method and the consequences of the eco-relational approach. In this reply, I address these criticisms and focus especially on the ecological responsibility of the eco-relational approach.
Suppressing SENP1 inhibits esophageal squamous carcinoma cell growth via SIRT6 SUMOylation
Authors: Gu Jianmin , Zhang Shaoyuan , Lin Dong , Wang Wenhan , Cheng Jinke , Zheng Quan , Wang Hao , Tan Lijie
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC remains incomplete. Existing studies indicate that SUMO specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of various malignant tumors through diverse molecular mechanisms. However, the functional mechanism and clinical implications of SENP1 in the progression of ESCC remain unclear.

Methods

Bulk RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare potential genes in the esophageal tissues of mice with ESCC to the control group. The up-regulated SENP1 was selected. The protein level of SENP1 in ESCC patient samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The potential prognostic value of SENP1 on overall survival of ESCC patients was examined using tissue microarray analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method. The biological function was confirmed through in vitro and in vivo knockdown approaches of SENP1. The role of SENP1 in cell cycle progression and apoptosis of ESCC cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and western blot. The downstream signaling pathways regulated by SENP1 were investigated via using RNA-Seq. SENP1-associated proteins were identified through immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) wildtype and mutant was performed to investigate the regulatory role of SENP1 in ESCC progression in vitro.

Results

Our study discovered that SENP1 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and served as a novel prognostic factor. Moreover, SENP1 enhanced cell proliferation and migration of ESCC cell lines in vitro, as well as promoted tumor growth in vivo. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), Geminin (GMNN), cyclin dependent kinase 1(CDK1), and cyclin A2 (CCNA2) were identified as downstream genes of SENP1. Mechanistically, SENP1 deSUMOylated SIRT6 and subsequently inhibited SIRT6-mediated histone 3 lysine 56 (H3K56) deacetylation on those downstream genes. SIRT6 SUMOylation mutant (4KR) rescued the growth inhibition upon SENP1 depletion.

Conclusions

SENP1 promotes the malignant progression of ESCC by inhibiting the deacetylase activity of SIRT6 pathway through deSUMOylation. Our findings suggest that SENP1 may serve as a valuable biomarker for prognosis and a target for therapeutic intervention in ESCC.
Impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a microbiological and clinical perspective
Authors: Sendra Elena , Fernández-Muñoz Almudena , Zamorano Laura , Oliver Antonio , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Juan Carlos , Gómez-Zorrilla Silvia
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens and part of the top emergent species associated with antimicrobial resistance that has become one of the greatest threat to public health in the twenty-first century. This bacterium is provided with a wide set of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis in acute and chronic infections. This review aims to summarize the impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of P. aeruginosa. Although it is generally assumed that acquisition of resistant determinants is associated with a fitness cost, several studies support that resistance mutations may not be associated with a decrease in virulence and/or that certain compensatory mutations may allow multidrug resistance strains to recover their initial fitness. We discuss the interplay between resistance profiles and virulence from a microbiological perspective but also the clinical consequences in outcomes and the economic impact.
Gender dysphoria in adolescence: examining the rapid-onset hypothesis
Authors: Leonhardt André , Fuchs Martin , Gander Manuela , Sevecke Kathrin
Published: July 2024

The sharp rise in the number of predominantly natal female adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria and seeking treatment in specialized clinics has sparked a contentious and polarized debate among both the scientific community and the public sphere. Few explanations have been offered for these recent developments. One proposal that has generated considerable attention is the notion of “rapid-onset” gender dysphoria, which is assumed to apply to a subset of adolescents and young adults. First introduced by Lisa Littman in a 2018 study of parental reports, it describes a subset of youth, primarily natal females, with no childhood indicators of gender dysphoria but with a sudden emergence of gender dysphoria symptoms during puberty or after its completion. For them, identifying as transgender is assumed to serve as a maladaptive coping mechanism for underlying mental health issues and is linked to social influences from peer groups and through social media. The purpose of this article is to analyze this theory and its associated hypotheses against the existing evidence base and to discuss its potential implications for future research and the advancement of treatment paradigms.
Can quantum Rabi model with $${\varvec{A}}^\textbf{2}$$-term avoid no-go theorem and make quantum simulation of mass-enhancement in SUSY breaking?
Authors: Hirokawa Masao
Published: July 2024

We study the model of a mass enhancement in the supersymmetric quantum mechanics. This model is so simple that it may be implemented as a quantum simulation of the mass enhancement taking place when supersymmetry (SUSY) is spontaneously broken. It is evolved from a prototype based on the quantum Rabi model. Here, our quantum simulation means the realization of the target quantum phenomenon as a physical entity with some quantum-information devices. The original prototype is given as a mathematical model, and has the transition from the $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

  SUSY to its spontaneous breaking, though it has no mass enhancement. It is recently reported that the transition is observed for this prototype in a trapped-ion experiment with devising a method experimentally to realize the transition. The model proposed in this paper describes how the mass enhancement takes place in the fermionic states by the excitation of the 1-mode light boson in the SUSY breaking. In this model, the bosonic and fermionic states are graded by qubits. Although our model’s interaction does not have the Higgs potential, the mass enhancement in the fermionic states is caused by the radiative enhancement with the help of the X-gate’s swap between the fermionic and bosonic states.
Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood
Authors: Porricelli Daniele , Tecilla Margherita , Pucci Veronica , Di Rosa Elisa , Mondini Sara , Cappelletti Marinella
Published: July 2024

Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation. Whether the role of CR in mental health extends to non-pathological adults, and whether this is only relevant in older age is not yet clear. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the relationship between CR and mental health in healthy adults, with a focus on middle adulthood (40–60). In a sample of 96 participants, we found a positive association between CR and mental health outcomes, such that a higher cognitive reserve index corresponded to fewer mental health reported symptoms. Specifically, a higher CR reflecting professional activities was associated with lower stress levels, especially in middle agers. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that engaging occupations may help maintain a robust mental health, especially by reducing stress symptoms during middle age. These results broaden previous findings suggesting that CR relates to affective components of mental health in middle aged and older adults.
Understanding post-impact biomechanics of ballistic cranial injury by smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical modelling
Authors: Chattrairat Akanae , Kandare Everson , Aimmanee Sontipee , Tran Phuong , Das Raj
Published: July 2024

Virtual crime scene investigation using numerical models has the potential to assist in the forensic investigation of firearm-related fatalities, where ethical concerns and expensive resources limit the scope of physical experiments to comprehend the post-impact biomechanics comprehensively. The human cranial numerical model developed in this study incorporates three main components (skin, skull, and brain) with dynamic biomaterial properties. The virtual model provides valuable insights into the post-impact biomechanics of cranial ballistic injuries, particularly in high-speed events beyond conventional investigative capabilities, including the velocity of ejected blood backspatter, cavitation collapsing, and pressure waves. The validation of the numerical model, both quantitatively and qualitatively, demonstrates its ability to replicate similar bone fractures, entrance wound shapes, and backward skin ballooning observed in physical experiments of the human cranial geometry. The model also yields similar temporary cavity sizes, wound sizes, and blood backspatter time against the physical cranial model, aiding in bloodstain pattern analysis. Additionally, the numerical model enables exploration of ballistic factors that vary in each crime scene environment and influence cranial injuries, such as projectile type, velocity, impact location, and impact angle. These established injury patterns contribute to crime scene reconstruction by providing essential information on projectile trajectory, discharge distance, and firearm type, assisting in the resolution of court cases. In conclusion, the developed human cranial geometry in this study offers a reliable tool for investigating firearm-related cranial injuries, serving as a statistical reference in forensic science. Virtual crime scene investigations
using these models
have the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of forensic analyses.
Food Cue Reactivity Meets the Reinforcer Pathology Model: Behavioral Economic Measures of Cue-Induced Changes in Food Reinforcer Efficacy
Authors: Musquez Morgan , Rasmussen Erin B.
Published: July 2024

Food cue reactivity, or behavioral sensitivity to conditioned food cues, is an eating pattern observed in those with obesity and binge-eating disorder. The reinforcer pathology model, which characterizes overconsumption of a reinforcer such as food may be relevant to food cue reactivity, especially in those with obesity and binge-eating disorder. The reinforcer pathology model posits that steep delay discounting (DD) and demand elasticity are processes involved in the overconsumption of food. Two of our recent studies examine the extent to which reactivity to conditioned food cues may be involved in food reinforcer pathologies. First, food cues were conditioned with Oreo cookies with binge-eating prone (BEP) and binge-eating resistant (BER) rats. Delay discounting was compared before and after conditioning. Food cues induced steeper DD for rats, though BEP rats showed some evidence for greater sensitivity to this effect than BER rats, albeit this difference was not significant. Second, healthy-weight humans and humans with overweight/obese BMI underwent conditioning of visual cues paired with M&M candies. After acquisition, cues induced greater demand intensity and inelasticity for food compared to baseline. Participants with overweight/obese BMI, compared to controls, also showed some evidence for greater sensitivity to this change ininelasticity compared to healthy-weight participants, but this difference was also not significant. Food cues, then, may induce changes in DD and economic demand, supporting the relevance of reinforcer pathologies.
Self-Healing Dynamic Hydrogel Microparticles with Structural Color for Wound Management
Authors: Wang Li , Ding Xiaoya , Fan Lu , Filppula Anne M. , Li Qinyu , Zhang Hongbo , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran
Published: July 2024

Chronic diabetic wounds confront a significant medical challenge because of increasing prevalence and difficult-healing circumstances. It is vital to develop multifunctional hydrogel dressings, with well-designed morphology and structure to enhance flexibility and effectiveness in wound management. To achieve these, we propose a self-healing hydrogel dressing based on structural color microspheres for wound management. The microsphere comprised a photothermal-responsive inverse opal framework, which was constructed by hyaluronic acid methacryloyl, silk fibroin methacryloyl and black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), and was further re-filled with a dynamic hydrogel. The dynamic hydrogel filler was formed by Knoevenagel condensation reaction between cyanoacetate and benzaldehyde-functionalized dextran (DEX-CA and DEX-BA). Notably, the composite microspheres can be applied arbitrarily, and they can adhere together upon near-infrared irradiation by leveraging the BPQDs-mediated photothermal effect and the thermoreversible stiffness change of dynamic hydrogel. Additionally, eumenitin and vascular endothelial growth factor were co-loaded in the microspheres and their release behavior can be regulated by the same mechanism. Moreover, effective monitoring of the drug release process can be achieved through visual color variations. The microsphere system has demonstrated desired capabilities of controllable drug release and efficient wound management. These characteristics suggest broad prospects for the proposed composite microspheres in clinical applications.
Transient Response and Ionic Dynamics in Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zhao Chao , Yang Jintao , Ma Wei
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has ushered in a new era in organic electronics, distinguishing itself through its application in a variety of domains, from high-speed logic circuits to sensitive biosensors, and neuromorphic devices like artificial synapses and organic electrochemical random-access memories. Despite recent strides in enhancing OECT performance, driven by the demand for superior transient response capabilities, a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between charge and ion transport, alongside electron–ion interactions, as well as the optimization strategies, remains elusive. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a systematic overview on the fundamental working principles of OECT transient responses, emphasizing advancements in device physics and optimization approaches. We review the critical aspect of transient ion dynamics in both volatile and non-volatile applications, as well as the impact of materials, morphology, device structure strategies on optimizing transient responses. This paper not only offers a detailed overview of the current state of the art, but also identifies promising avenues for future research, aiming to drive future performance advancements in diversified applications."Image missing"
Computational approaches to modeling dynamos in galaxies
Authors: Korpi-Lagg Maarit J. , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Gent Frederick A.
Published: July 2024

Galaxies are observed to host magnetic fields with a typical total strength of around 15 $$\upmu $$
μ
G. A coherent large-scale field constitutes up to a few microgauss of the total, while the rest is built from strong magnetic fluctuations over a wide range of spatial scales. This represents sufficient magnetic energy for it to be dynamically significant. Several questions immediately arise: What is the physical mechanism that gives rise to such magnetic fields? How do these magnetic fields affect the formation and evolution of galaxies? In which physical processes do magnetic fields play a role, and how can that role be characterized? Numerical modelling of magnetized flows in galaxies is playing an ever-increasing role in finding those answers. We review major techniques used for these models. Current results strongly support the conclusion that field growth occurs during the formation of the first galaxies on timescales shorter than their accretion timescales due to small-scale turbulent dynamos. The saturated small-scale dynamo maintains field strengths at only a few percent of equipartition with turbulence. This is in contradiction with the observed magnitude of turbulent fields, but may be reconciled by the further contribution to the turbulent field of the large-scale dynamo. The subsequent action of large-scale dynamos in differentially rotating discs produces field strengths observed in low redshift galaxies, where it reaches equipartition with the turbulence and has substantial power at large scales. The field structure resulting appears consistent with observations including Faraday rotation and polarisation from synchrotron and dust thermal emission. Major remaining challenges include scaling numerical models toward realistic scale separations and Prandtl and Reynolds numbers.
Integration of Sensor-Based Technology in Mental Healthcare: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Bosch R. , Noordzij M. L. , Westerhof G. J. , Bohlmeijer E. T.
Published: July 2024

Sensor-based technologies can collect objective and real-time data on physiological, behavioral, and contextual factors related to mental disorders. This not only holds potential for mental healthcare but also comes with challenges, such as handling large amounts of data and supporting the integration of sensors in clinical practice. This systematic scoping review aims to provide an overview of studies explicitly addressing the integration of sensor-based technology in mental healthcare by reporting on the way that therapists and patients work with sensors. In addition, we explore barriers and facilitators for the integration of sensor-based technology in clinical practice. Four databases were searched on April 5, 2023. Studies on sensor-based technology integrated in mental healthcare were included. A total of 14 studies were included. In these studies, a variety of sensor-based technologies were used. All studies were conducted between 2016 and 2022. Most studies showed that sensor-based technologies are accepted by patients and that their use is associated with symptom reduction. However, most studies did not systematically report on barriers and facilitators and mainly focused on the technology itself rather than on the broader context of its intended use. Also, sensor-based technologies are not yet embedded in clinical protocols. From the current review, we can conclude that sensor-based technologies are sufficiently accepted and feasible, and that sensors are promising for enhancing clinical outcomes. However, sensors are not properly integrated in treatment protocols yet. Therefore, we propose a next phase in research on sensor-based technology in mental healthcare treatment. This next phase asks for a multifaceted approach consisting of (1) embedding sensor-based technology in treatment protocols in co-creation with patients and clinicians, (2) examining the feasibility of these interventions together with small-scale evidence studies, and (3) systematically examining the implementation of sensor-based technology in clinical practice using existing frameworks for technology implementation. Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XQHSY.
The magnitude vector of images
Authors: Adamer Michael F. , De Brouwer Edward , O’Bray Leslie , Rieck Bastian
Published: July 2024

The magnitude of a finite metric space has recently emerged as a novel invariant quantity, allowing to measure the effective size of a metric space. Despite encouraging first results demonstrating the descriptive abilities of the magnitude, such as being able to detect the boundary of a metric space, the potential use cases of magnitude remain under-explored. In this work, we investigate the properties of the magnitude on images, an important data modality in many machine learning applications. By endowing each individual image with its own metric space, we are able to define the concept of magnitude on images and analyse the individual contribution of each pixel with the magnitude vector. In particular, we theoretically show that the previously known properties of boundary detection translate to edge detection abilities in images. Furthermore, we demonstrate practical use cases of magnitude for machine learning applications and propose a novel magnitude model that consists of a computationally efficient magnitude computation and a learnable metric. By doing so, we address one computational hurdle that used to make magnitude impractical for many applications and open the way for the adoption of magnitude in machine learning research.
Detecting review fraud using metaheuristic graph neural networks
Authors: Oak Rajvardhan
Published: July 2024

Although online reviews play a critical role in shaping consumer behavior and establishing institutional trust, this reliance on online reviews has given rise to a proliferation of fake reviews. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of robust mechanisms to identify and mitigate these inauthentic reviews. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach for the detection of fake reviews, leveraging a metaheuristic graph neural network model. Our methodology begins by extracting distinctive features from review text, comprising of term frequency—inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vectors and bidirectional encoder representation transformer (BERT) embedding vectors. We feed these features into a graph convolutional network (GCN) that uses message passing to label each review. Furthermore, we address the optimization of our graph neural network models using Harris Hawk and Cat Swarm optimization techniques. Our experiments reveal that optimization of the GNN with Harris Hawk Optimization yields a significantly enhanced model performance, further validating the efficacy of our detection framework. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in the realm of online review authenticity and showcases the potential of advanced techniques to combat the proliferation of fraudulent reviews.
Assessing “Invisible Loss” During Medium-Term Earthquake Recovery: The Case of Indonesia's 2016 Aceh Earthquakes
Authors: Akter Sonia , Chairunissa Talitha Fauzia , Pundit Madhavi
Published: July 2024

This study presents the results of a medium-term assessment of earthquake recovery, aiming to measure non-economic welfare losses resulting from the indirect impacts of earthquakes. While most earthquake assessments concentrate on the economic loss and damage caused by direct impacts of earthquakes, this study focuses on capturing these less visible non-economic losses. The 2016 Aceh earthquakes in Indonesia serve as the case study for this assessment. By applying the difference-in-differences method, we compared the changes in a range of non-economic welfare indicators in earthquake-affected and unaffected villages two years before (2014) and two years after (2018) the catastrophic earthquakes. In addition to administrative data, we tested the suitability of average monthly and annual night-time light data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument as an alternative way to capture non-economic welfare losses. The findings from administrative data suggested a significant deterioration in, poverty, access to healthcare and access to socio-economic services in earthquake-affected villages relative to unaffected villages in 2018, compared to 2014. The analysis of nightlights data revealed contrasting results, suggesting that disaster recovery assessments using nightlights may not accurately capture non-economic welfare changes on the ground. Our research indicates that the detrimental effects of earthquakes on non-economic welfare persisted for years following the initial devastation. Utilizing administrative data can help pinpoint the nature and extent of non-economic losses and inform the development of policies to aid in the effective recovery of affected communities.
The Initial Upper Paleolithic from Tolbor-16, Mongolia: Characteristics of the Lithic Assemblage and Their Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Zwyns Nicolas , Tsedendorj Bolorbat , Paine Clea H. , Flas Damien , Davaakhuu Odsuren , Allshouse Aurora F. , Gantumur Angaragdulguun , Galfi Jovan , Smith Kevin N. , Byambaa Gunchinsuren
Published: July 2024

According to fossil evidence, the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) refers to archaeological assemblages associated with the early dispersal of Homo sapiens across Eurasia. These assemblages are often described as exhibiting a combination of Middle and Upper Paleolithic typo-technological features or, more broadly, as a technology in progression from the former to the latter. Genetic evidence indicates that as members of our species moved across Europe and Asia, they encountered Neanderthal, Denisovan, and possibly other local populations. At the Eurasian scale, the IUP shows considerable variation, but to what extent this corresponds to a relatively unified cultural package strictly associated with our species, or a suite of unrelated technologies reflecting the complex dynamics of a global population turnover, remains unclear. Like most archaeological assemblages, however, the IUP illustrates a combination of adaptive and normative behaviors, along with some stochastic variation. Here, we investigate what drives typo-technological variation within an IUP assemblage to identify traits relevant for larger scale inter-regional comparisons. Specifically, we describe a lithic assemblage dated to ca. 45 ka cal BP from the site of Tolbor-16 in northern Mongolia. We identify three defining aspects of the IUP at the site, namely variation in core shape and size, patterns of blade core reduction, and the presence of Middle Paleolithic typo-technological features. Our goal is to clarify the influence of dynamic reduction processes on assemblage composition and, within the variation observed, to identify typo-technological features that are relevant for inter-regional comparisons and scenarios of population dispersal.
“Gravettians in the Altmühl Valley”? Comprehensive Reassessment and New Data from the Sequence from the Abri I im Dorf (Neuessing, Bavaria, Germany)
Authors: Calvo Aitor , Pasda Kerstin , Rutan Nadja , Arrizabalaga Alvaro , Uthmeier Thorsten
Published: July 2024

Due to the high density of cave and rock shelter sites, the Altmühl Valley is one of the most essential regions of southern German Palaeolithic research. The site presented in this paper, the Abri I im Dorf, lies within the main concentration of Palaeolithic sites found in this valley, extending along its lowest stretch between Riedenburg and its confluence into the Danube in Kelheim. We present the results achieved in reassessing the archaeo-stratigraphic sequence uncovered during the excavation campaign of 1959, including the first radiocarbon dating and comprehensive analysis of the lithic, faunal and bone industry evidence. Radiocarbon evidence points to occupations dated to ca. 27 ka cal BP. At the same time, the features of the lithic assemblage (blade industry with a predominance of burins and an important presence of backed tools) fit those of Late/Final Gravettian technocomplexes in the Danube region. However, the characteristic evidence traditionally associated with these industries (Kostënki knives and shouldered points) is scarce and highly questionable. The same applies to the “shovel-like” ivory object, typically related to the Pavlovian but with a doubtful determination as a shovel and no clear parallels in this and other industries of Gravettian tradition. The faunal remains revealed that hunting activities, which occurred between late summer and the beginning of winter, concentrated on reindeer. Nonetheless, new excavations and analyses are required to confirm all these preliminary results. In this sense, future work at the Abri I im Dorf can significantly contribute to our understanding of pre-LGM human settlement dynamics in the Upper Danube.
Dispersive Wave Focusing on a Shear Current: Part 2—Nonlinear Effects
Authors: Zheng Zibo , Li Yan , Ellingsen Simen Å
Published: July 2024

Continuing our recent work [Ellingsen et al., Water Waves (2024)] we investigate the influence of vertically sheared currents on the surface elevation as well as the kinematics of dispersively focusing wave groups up to second order in steepness. The groups are assumed long crested in deep water which may travel at oblique angles with the current, which has a depth-dependent profile in both magnitude and direction. A strong but realistic shear current affects the wave surface elevation only slightly but the wave-induced horizontal velocity beneath the point of focus is very significantly affected, and new phenomena occur at second order. Firstly, a shear current causes wave-induced superharmonic velocity to be nonzero, contributing significantly for moderate wave steepness. At linear order, following (opposing) shear causes horizontal velocities to be amplified (reduced); for crest-focused wave groups, the superharmonic contribution reduces the influence of shear, whereas for trough-focused waves the velocity change from linear and second-order waves add, causing a substantially larger shear-induced effect. Secondly, the sub-harmonic mean flow is not strictly a return flow, but can follow the direction of wave propagation at the depths nearest the surface. Thirdly, unlike the case without shear where the subharmonic mean flow vanishes in the limit of zero bandwidth, it can now tend to a finite value in the narrowband limit. The criterion for this to happen is that the shear current has nonzero curvature.