bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Proteome and Lipidome ofThermococcus kodakarensisacross the Stationary Phase
Authors: Gagen Emma J. , Yoshinaga Marcos Y. , Garcia Prado Franka , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe , Thomm Michael
Published: May 2016

The majority of cells in nature probably exist in a stationary-phase-like state, due to nutrient limitation in most environments. Studies on bacteria and yeast reveal morphological and physiological changes throughout the stationary phase, which lead to an increased ability to survive prolonged nutrient limitation. However, there is little information on archaeal stationary phase responses. We investigated protein- and lipid-level changes inThermococcus kodakarensiswith extended time in the stationary phase. Adaptations to time in stationary phase included increased proportion of membrane lipids with a tetraether backbone, synthesis of proteins that ensure translational fidelity, specific regulation of ABC transporters (upregulation of some, downregulation of others), and upregulation of proteins involved in coenzyme production. Given that the biological mechanism of tetraether synthesis is unknown, we also considered whether any of the protein-level changes inT. kodakarensismight shed light on the production of tetraether lipids across the same period. A putative carbon-nitrogen hydrolase, a TldE (a protease inEscherichia coli) homologue, and a membrane bound hydrogenase complex subunit were candidates for possible involvement in tetraether-related reactions, while upregulation of adenosylcobalamin synthesis proteins might lend support to a possible radical mechanism as a trigger for tetraether synthesis.
Biomaterial Applications in Cell‐Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Boisserand Ligia S. B. , Kodama Tomonobu , Papassin Jérémie , Auzely Rachel , Moisan Anaïck , Rome Claire , Detante Olivier
Published: May 2016

Stroke is an important health issue corresponding to the second cause of mortality and first cause of severe disability with no effective treatments after the first hours of onset. Regenerative approaches such as cell therapy provide an increase in endogenous brain structural plasticity but they are not enough to promote a complete recovery. Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds, or a mix of both with the aim of providing polymers with specific properties. The mechanical properties of biomaterials can be exquisitely regulated forming polymers with different stiffness, modifiable physical state that polymerizes in situ, or small particles encapsulating cells or growth factors. The choice of biomaterial compounds should be adapted for the different applications, structure target, and delay of administration. Biocompatibilities with embedded cells and with the host tissue and biodegradation rate must be considerate. In this paper, we review the different applications of biomaterials combined with cell therapy in ischemic stroke and we explore specific features such as choice of biomaterial compounds and physical and mechanical properties concerning the recent studies in experimental stroke.
Business Information Exchange System with Security, Privacy, and Anonymity
Authors: Muftic Sead , bin Abdullah Nazri , Kounelis Ioannis
Published: May 2016

Business Information Exchange is an Internet Secure Portal for secure management, distribution, sharing, and use of business e-mails, documents, and messages. It has three applications supporting three major types of information exchange systems: secure e-mail, secure instant messaging, and secure sharing of business documents. In addition to standard security services for e-mail letters, which are also applied to instant messages and documents, the system provides innovative features of privacy and full anonymity of users and their locations, actions, transactions, and exchanged resources. In this paper we describe design, implementation, and use of the system.
Effect of Saw Palmetto Supplements on Androgen‐Sensitive LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Number and Syrian Hamster Flank Organ Growth
Authors: Opoku-Acheampong Alexander B. , Penugonda Kavitha , Lindshield Brian L.
Published: May 2016

Saw palmetto supplements (SPS) are commonly consumed by men with prostate cancer. We investigated whether SPS fatty acids and phytosterols concentrations determine their growth‐inhibitory action in androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cells and hamster flank organs. High long‐chain fatty acids‐low phytosterols (HLLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM with testosterone significantly increased and ≥500 nM with dihydrotestosterone significantly decreased LNCaP cell number. High long‐chain fatty acids‐high phytosterols (HLHP) SPS ≥ 500 nM with dihydrotestosterone and high medium‐chain fatty acids‐low phytosterols (HMLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM or with androgens significantly decreased LNCaP cell number (n = 3; p < 0.05). Five‐ to six‐week‐old, castrated male Syrian hamsters were randomized to control (n = 4), HLLP, HLHP, and HMLP SPS (n = 6) groups. Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone was applied topically daily for 21 days to the right flank organ; the left flank organ was treated with ethanol and served as the control. Thirty minutes later, SPS or ethanol was applied to each flank organ in treatment and control groups, respectively. SPS treatments caused a notable but nonsignificant reduction in the difference between left and right flank organ growth in testosterone‐treated SPS groups compared to the control. The same level of inhibition was not seen in dihydrotestosterone‐treated SPS groups (p < 0.05). Results may suggest that SPS inhibit 5α‐reductase thereby preventing hamster flank organ growth.
Exploring Self-Efficacy in Australian General Practitioners Managing Patient Obesity: A Qualitative Survey Study
Authors: Ashman Freya , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Haesler Emily
Published: May 2016

Background. Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Australian community, and general practitioners (GPs) are commonly approached by patients for assistance in losing weight. Previous studies have shown that GPs have low self-efficacy and low outcome expectation when it comes to managing overweight and obese patients, which affects their willingness to initiate and continue with weight counselling. This qualitative survey study aimed to explore the factors influencing confidence and behaviour in obesity management in GPs. Method. Twelve GPs recruited to deliver a pilot of an obesity management program participated in semistructured interviews, and interpretive analysis underpinned by social cognitive theory was performed on the transcripts. Results. Analysis identified five main themes: (1) perceived knowledge and skills, (2) structure to management approach, (3) the GP-patient relationship, (4) acknowledged barriers to weight loss and lifestyle change, and (5) prior experience and outcome expectation. Conclusions. GPs are likely to welcome tools which provide a more structured approach to obesity management. Shifting away from weight and BMI as sole yardsticks for success or failure and emphasising positive lifestyle changes for their own sake may improve GP self-efficacy and allow for a more authentic GP-patient interaction.
The Role of Open Lung Biopsy in Critically Ill Patients with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Almotairi Abdullah , Biswas Sharmistha , Shahin Jason
Published: May 2016

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of open lung biopsy in patients with hypoxic respiratory failure of unknown etiology admitted to an ICU and to examine the use of steroid therapy in this patient population.Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed of all consecutive patients admitted to three tertiary care, university-affiliated, ICUs during the period from January 2000 to January 2012 with the principal diagnosis of hypoxic respiratory failure and who underwent an open lung biopsy.Results. Open lung biopsy resulted in a diagnostic yield of 68% and in a 67% change of management in patients. A multivariable analysis of clinical variables associated with acute hospital mortality demonstrated that postbiopsy systemic steroid therapy (OR 0.24, 95% C.I 0.06–0.96) was significantly associated with improved survival. Complications arising from the biopsy occurred in 30% of patients.Conclusion. Open lung biopsy had significant diagnostic yield and led to major changes in management and aided in end-of-life decision-making in the ICU. Systemic steroid therapy was associated with improved survival. The risk-benefit ratio of open lung biopsy is still unclear, especially given the availability of newer diagnostic tests and possible empirical therapy with steroids.
Investigation Progresses and Applications of Fractional Derivative Model in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Lai Jinxing , Mao Sheng , Qiu Junling , Fan Haobo , Zhang Qian , Hu Zhinan , Chen Jianxun
Published: May 2016

Over the past couple of decades, as a new mathematical tool for addressing a number of tough problems, fractional calculus has been gaining a continually increasing interest in diverse scientific fields, including geotechnical engineering due primarily to geotechnical rheology phenomenon. Unlike the classical constitutive models in which simulation analysis gradually fails to meet the reasonable accuracy of requirement, the fractional derivative models have shown the merits of hereditary phenomena with long memory. Additionally, it is traced that the fractional derivative model is one of the most effective and accurate approaches to describe the rheology phenomenon. In relation to this, an overview aimed first at model structure and parameter determination in combination with application cases based on fractional calculus was provided. Furthermore, this review paper shed light on the practical application aspects of deformation analysis of circular tunnel, rheological settlement of subgrade, and relevant loess researches subjected to the achievements acquired in geotechnical engineering. Finally, concluding remarks and important future investigation directions were pointed out.
Microcontroller Based Flexible Modulation Scheme of MLI Operation for Selective Lower Levels: A Knowledge Based Approach
Authors: Dhatrak R. K. , Nema R. K. , Deshpande D. M.
Published: May 2016

In today’s industrial world multilevel inverter (MLI) got a significant importance in medium voltage application and also a very potential topic for researchers. It is experienced that studying and comparing results of multilevel inverter (MLI) at distinct levels are a costlier and time consuming issue for any researcher if he fabricate different inverters for each level, as designing power modules simultaneously for different level is a cumbersome task. In this paper a flexible quotient has been proposed to recognize possible conversion of available MLI to few lower level inverters by appropriately changing microcontroller programming. This is an attempt to obtain such change in levels through simulation using MATLAB Simulink on inductive load which may also be applied to induction motor. Experimental results of pulse generation using dsPIC33EP256MC202 demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme. Proposed flexible quotient successfully demonstrates that a five-level inverter may be operated as three and two levels also. The paper focuses on odd levels only as common mode voltage (CMV) can be reduced to zero and performance of drives is better than even level. Simulated and experimental results are given in paper.
Reliability Evaluation of NC Machine Tools considering Working Conditions
Authors: Li Hongzhou , Yang Zhaojun , Xu Binbin , Chen Chuanhai , Kan Yingnan , Liu Guofei
Published: May 2016

Reliability evaluation is the basis for reliability design of NC machine tools. Since traditional reliability evaluation methods do not consider the working conditions’ effects on reliability, there is a great error of a result of a traditional method compared with an actual value. A new reliability evaluation model of NC machine tools is proposed based on the Cox proportional hazards model, which describes the mathematical relation between the working condition covariates and the reliability level of NC machine tools. Firstly, the coefficients of working condition covariates in the new reliability evaluation model are estimated by the partial likelihood estimation method; secondly, the working condition covariates which have no effects on the reliability of NC machine tools are eliminated by the likelihood ratio test; then parameters of the baseline failure rate function are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. Thus, the reliability evaluation model of NC machine tool is obtained under different working conditions and the reliability level of NC machine tools is obtained. Case study shows that the proposed method could establish the relation between the working condition covariates and the reliability level of NC machine tools, and it would provide a new way for the reliability evaluation of NC machine tools.
BCAM and LAMA5 Mediate the Recognition between Tumor Cells and the Endothelium in the Metastatic Spreading of KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bartolini Alice , Cardaci Sabrina , Lamba Simona , Oddo Daniele , Marchiò Caterina , Cassoni Paola , Amoreo Carla Azzurra , Corti Giorgio , Testori Alessandro , Bussolino Federico , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Corà Davide , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Marchiò Serena
Published: May 2016

Purpose: KRAS mutations confer adverse prognosis to colorectal cancer, and no targeted therapies have shown efficacy in this patient subset. Paracrine, nongenetic events induced by KRAS-mutant tumor cells are expected to result in specific deregulation and/or relocation of tumor microenvironment (TME) proteins, which in principle can be exploited as alternative therapeutic targets.

Experimental Design: A multimodal strategy combining ex vivo/in vitro phage display screens with deep-sequencing and bioinformatics was applied to uncover TME-specific targets in KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Expression and localization of BCAM and LAMA5 were validated by immunohistochemistry in preclinical models of human hepatic metastasis and in a panel of human specimens (n = 71). The antimetastatic efficacy of two BCAM-mimic peptides was evaluated in mouse models. The role of BCAM in the interaction of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells with TME cells was investigated by adhesion assays.

Results: BCAM and LAMA5 were identified as molecular targets within both tumor cells and TME of KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer, where they were specifically overexpressed. Two BCAM-mimic peptides inhibited KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis in preclinical models. Genetic suppression and biochemical inhibition of either BCAM or LAMA5 impaired adhesion of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells specifically to endothelial cells, whereas adhesion to pericytes and hepatocytes was unaffected.

Conclusions: These data show that the BCAM/LAMA5 system plays a functional role in the metastatic spreading of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer by mediating tumor–TME interactions and as such represents a valuable therapeutic candidate for this large, currently untreatable patient group. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4923–33. ©2016 AACR.
Predictive Value of the Mehran Score for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Zungur Mustafa , Gul Ilker , Tastan Ahmet , Damar Ertan , Tavli Talat
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: The Mehran risk score (MS) was adopted to predict the development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and includes clinical and procedural variables. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the value of MS in the prediction of CIN development after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: Ninety-three patients (47 females; mean age, 77.2 ± 7.6 years) who underwent aortic valve replacement with TAVI for severe aortic stenosis in our center between June 2013 and November 2014 were included in the study. Patients were categorized into four risk groups based on MS: low (≤5), moderate (6-10), high (11-15), and very high (≥16). Results: CIN was recorded in 24 patients after TAVI (25.8%). The amount of contrast medium was significantly higher in the CIN+ group (p = 0.029), and total mortality was higher in the CIN+ group than in the CIN- group (20.1 vs. 2.9%, respectively; p = 0.024). In univariate analysis, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, ejection fraction, baseline creatinine, baseline glomerular filtration rate, contrast medium volume, and MS were found to be significant risk factors for CIN (p < 0.05 for all). The receiver operating characteristic analysis of the significant variables in multivariate regression analysis revealed that the cutoff MS to predict the development of CIN was 13.0 (area under the curve, 0.654; 95% confidence interval, 0.495-0.758; sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 68%). Conclusion: MS is a predictor of CIN development after TAVI. We think that the use of MS in clinical practice may decrease renal complications after TAVI.
Two Cases of Paradoxical Hidradenitis Suppurativa while on Adalimumab
Authors: Harvin Glenn , Kasarala George
Published: May 2016

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring abscesses, nodules, and fistulas predominantly in the groin and axillae. The association between HS and Crohn’s disease (CD) has been well documented. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have shown to be effective in treating both HS and CD. We report 2 patients who developed HS while on TNF inhibitor treatment for CD.
Efficacy of Combined Mesalazine Plus Corticosteroid Enemas for Diversion Colitis after Subtotal Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Matsumoto Satohiro , Mashima Hirosato
Published: May 2016

Diversion colitis is a benign inflammatory process that occurs in any part of the large bowel excluded from the fecal stream by a diverting colostomy. While most of the patients with diversion colitis usually are asymptomatic, a minority has abdominal pain and rectal discharge of blood or mucus. A 65-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having diversion colitis with ulcerative colitis at 4 months after subtotal colectomy. Corticosteroid and mesalazine enemas were started nonsynchronously. A proctoscopy after 2 months showed no response. Prednisolone injections were started at 1.0 mg/kg daily, but the mucosal inflammation still failed to improve. A combined mesalazine 1 g plus prednisolone sodium phosphate 20 mg enema was started once daily. The rectal bleeding and endoscopic findings improved. Finally proctectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were successfully performed. A combined mesalazine plus corticosteroid enema may be effective in patients with diversion colitis associated with ulcerative colitis.
Ten-Year Survival of a Patient Treated with Stereotactic Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases from Colon Cancer with Ovarian and Lymph Node Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: Morinaga Nobuhiro , Tanaka Naritaka , Shitara Yoshinori , Ishizaki Masatoshi , Yoshida Takatomo , Kouga Hideaki , Wakabayashi Kazuki , Fukuchi Minoru , Tsunoda Yoshiyuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: May 2016

Brain metastasis from colorectal cancer is infrequent and carries a poor prognosis. Herein, we present a patient alive 10 years after the identification of a first brain metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer. A 39-year-old woman underwent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer during an emergency operation for pelvic peritonitis. The pathological finding was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Eleven months after the sigmoidectomy, a metastatic lesion was identified in the left ovary. Despite local radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy, the left ovarian lesion grew, so resection of the uterus and bilateral ovaries was performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil (UFT)/calcium folinate (leucovorin, LV) was initiated. Seven months after resection of the ovarian lesion, brain metastases appeared in the bilateral frontal lobes and were treated with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Cervical and mediastinal lymph node metastases were also diagnosed, and irradiation of these lesions was performed. After radiotherapy, 10 courses of oxaliplatin and infused fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FOLFOX) were administered. During FOLFOX administration, recurrent left frontal lobe brain metastasis was diagnosed and treated with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. In this case, the brain metastases were well treated with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery, and the systemic disease arising from sigmoid colon cancer has been kept under control with chemotherapies, surgical resection, and radiotherapy.
O Produto Turístico All Inclusive na Ilha de Tenerife, Espanha: características, problematizações e desafios
Authors: Gomes Christianne Luce , Pereira Joyce Kimarce do Carmo
Published: May 2016

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender as características e influências da modalidade de viagem All Inclusive (Todo Incluido –TI) na ilha de Tenerife, na Espanha. A investigação foi guiada pelos questionamentos: Como esse produto se configura em Tenerife, e quem são os turistas que o consomem? De que maneira o TI é apreendido pelos turistas? Os turistas que adquirem o TI têm motivação para visitar outros atrativos turísticos da ilha? A metodologia baseou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e realização de entrevistas com turistas TI hospedados em dois hotéis da região, especialistas em Turismo e Hotelaria, e animadores de hotel. Os resultados evidenciaram que a principal motivação para adquirir o TI está relacionada ao preço acessível. Os depoentes alegaram disposição para consumir os produtos, benefícios e variedade de serviços ofertados no próprio empreendimento, o que acaba retendo os turistas dentro dos hotéis e inibindo visitas a outros atrativos. Quase todos os turistas entrevistados (20 dos 23) não tinham pretensão de sair do hotel para conhecer os demais atrativos da região para evitar gastos extras. Os entrevistados acreditam que o pacote proporciona tranquilidade, descanso, lazer, comodidade e liberdade. Foi possível verificar que o pacote TI é regido basicamente pelo poder privado, têm causado um grande impacto nos demais serviços, equipamentos e atrativos turísticos da região, está em constante crescimento e carece de regulamentação por meio de políticas públicas de turismo de caráter intersetorial a fim de minimizar os efeitos gerados pelo produto..
Dificuldades para a Cooperação entre Hotéis Aglomerados Territorialmente: um estudo da hotelaria em Brasília - DF
Authors: Miranda Júnior Newton da Silva , Costa Helena Araújo , Hoffmann Valmir Emil
Published: May 2016

Identificar ações de cooperação e analisar dificuldades para estabelecê-las entre hotéis aglomerados territorialmente em Brasília, compreendendo variáveis possivelmente associadas, foram os objetivos do presente estudo realizado por meio de pesquisa com gestores de 28 hotéis. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva e testes de associação. Os resultados revelam um cenário sem competição desleal entre os hotéis de Brasília, porém composto por ações de cooperação não densas. A ausência de suporte governamental é o principal fator que dificulta o estabelecimento de parcerias entre eles, seguido pela falta de interesse alheio dos demais hotéis da região em cooperar, assim como a falta de tempo para as reuniões com outros empresários. A carência de capital financeiro e o desconhecimento dos benefícios proporcionados pela cooperação estão entre os fatores menos expressivos. Embora haja boa vontade dos gerentes em colaborar com outros e não seja evidenciada competição predatória entre eles, tais fatores não se mostraram suficientes para a existência de ações de cooperação densas. As análises estatísticas não revelaram associação entre as dificuldades elencadas e as variáveis investigadas.
Direito à saúde de pessoas em condição de vulnerabilidade em centros urbanos
Authors: Aith Fernando , Scalco Nayara
Published: May 2016

The right to health, enshrined in the Brazilian 1988 Constitution, is still faced with complex challenges for its full realization. As Brazilian society becomes increasingly urban, urban centers have become strategic in the organization of the Unified Health System – SUS. The population and economic concentration in cities results in a significant and varied array of needs and demands for health. Urban centers are also home to large numbers of people under biological, social, economic, and cultural vulnerabilities. This paper addresses the right to health of people under vulnerable conditions in urban centers; puts the issue and the concepts into context, and presents a critical analysis of how SUS is organized to provide appropriate health care to those people
Cidades Saudáveis: uma forma de abordagem ou uma estratégia de ação em saúde urbana?
Authors: Westphal Marcia Faria , Oliveira Sandra Costa
Published: May 2016

This article presents the framework upon which the strategies for the WHO Healthy Cities project are based. It shows data on the current Brazilian urban reality, which suggest a need for changing the approach to urban health, given the complexity of problems and strategies needed for enhancing the building of local capacities. It makes comments on the project development methodology, which has been drafted and redrafted according to the theoretical framework: commitment from local governments to public inter-sector policies, population empowerment and the pursuit of social equality. It answers the initial question that this is an approach that demands new action strategies for urban health development
Lightest to the Right: An Apparently Anomalous Displacement in Irish
Authors: Bennett Ryan , Elfner Emily , McCloskey James
Published: May 2016

This article analyzes mismatches between syntactic and prosodic constituency in Irish and attempts to understand those mismatches in terms of recent proposals about the nature of the syntax-prosody interface. It argues in particular that such mismatches are best understood in terms of Selkirk’s (2011) Match Theory, working in concert with constraints concerned with rhythm and phonological balance. An apparently anomalous rightward movement that seems to target certain pronouns and shift them rightward is shown to be fundamentally a phonological process: a prosodic response to a prosodic dilemma. The article thereby adds to a growing body of evidence for the role of phonological factors in shaping constituent order.
Ellipsis, Economy, and the (Non)uniformity of Traces
Authors: Messick Troy , Thoms Gary
Published: May 2016

A number of works have attempted to account for the interaction between movement and ellipsis in terms of an economy condition Max- Elide. We show that the elimination of MaxElide leads to an empirically superior account of these interactions. We show that a number of the core effects attributed to MaxElide can be accounted for with a parallelism condition on ellipsis. The remaining cases are then treated with a generalized economy condition that favors shorter derivations over longer ones. The resulting analysis has no need for the ellipsisspecific economy constraint MaxElide.
Prosodic Phrasing and theThat-Trace Effect
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Dobashi Yoshihito
Published: May 2016

We propose here a new PF account of the that-trace effect. Adopting the phase-based theory of the syntax-phonology interface and independent principles of prosodic restructuring, we propose that the complementizer that cannot form a prosodic phrase on its own. We show that this analysis straightforwardly derives the core paradigm surrounding the that-trace effect and its well-documented exceptions triggered by focus, adverbs, parentheticals, resumption, and right node raising. We further argue that the relevant prosodic condition can be derived from the interaction of the Lexical Category Condition ( Truckenbrodt 1999 ) with Prosodic Vacuity ( Kandybowicz 2015 ), within the Match Theory of syntax-prosody correspondence ( Selkirk 2011 ).
Preliminary Material
Authors: Iran and the Caucasus Editors
Published: May 2016

One of the central figures in the zurkhaneh of Iran is Pahlavan Mahmud Kharazmi, nicknamed Puria-ye-Wali (1247-1326). Pahlavan Mahmud symbolises the ideal warrior, and he is the embodiment of javanmardi, Iranian chivalry. The Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum in the city of Khiva, Uzbekistan, claims to be his burial site. The inner walls of the mausoleum are adorned with Pahlavan Mahmud’s poetry. Is there a resemblance between the Pahlavan Mahmud as it is presented by the poetry and the one which is the ideal warrior of the zurkhaneh?
The Developing Relations between Turkey and China Since 2005
Authors: Doster Barış
Published: May 2016

Republic of Turkey and The People’s Republic of China are important countries in Eurasia and have been developing economic and political ties. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1971 and have improved significantly in recent years in the political, social, cultural, and economic fields. With the Joint Declaration on the Establishment and Development of the Strategic Relationship of Cooperation, economic cooperation and improved trade relations have developed between Turkey and China. Bilateral trade, surpassing 1 billion U.S. dollars in 2000, is constantly expanding. Currently, China is Turkey’s third-largest trading partner, with trade amounting to 28 billion U.S. dollars. Although Turkey belongs to nato, has close relations with the United States and wants to join the European Union, they have turned to the east especially for economic needs after the Global Financial Crisis. Turkey is popular among Chinese tourists, and cultural relations between the two countries are developing. In 2011, the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations was celebrated in Turkey and China. The number of Confucius Centres, Chinese language departments at universities, restaurants, businessmen’s associations, bilateral touristic travels, Turkish students in China, and Chinese students in Turkey are all increasing.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN TRICHILIA (MELIACEAE) BASED ON RIBOSOMAL ITS SEQUENCES
Authors: CLARKSON JAMES J. , PENNINGTON TERENCE D. , CHASE MARK W. , HAYNES GWILYM , ENGSTRAND RACHEL , KAYE MARIA , MICHALAK INGO , MUELLNER-RIEHL ALEXANDRA
Published: May 2016

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used to investigate phylogenetic relationships in Trichilia (Meliaceae). Analyses focused on the neotropical Trichilia and consisted of 112 accessions (95 neotropical Trichilia, 6 African Trichilia and 11 Meliaceae Outgroups). Bayesian and Parsimony approaches demonstrated that the Cuban species T. havenensis is the earliest diverging lineage in the genus. The African species of Trichilia are nested within the neotropical clade. Section Moschoxylun (primarily Amazonian rainforest species) shows significantly lower levels of sequence divergence than section Trichilia (primarily dry/ seasonally dry forest species). Recently diverged rainforest taxa have been documented in several other Angiosperm families and our results therefore confirm this phenomenon.
The advertisement and aggressive calls of Rhinella abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi, and Haddad, 2004) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: BATISTA VINICIUS GUERRA , RAMALHO WERTHER PEREIRA , AMARAL DIOGO FERREIRA DO , MACIEL NATAN MEDEIROS , BASTOS ROGÉRIO PEREIRA
Published: May 2016

Rhinella abei is a medium-sized species (snout-to-vent length 57.0–76.4 mm in males; 60.4–83.9 mm in females—Baldissera et al. 2004) of the Rhinella crucifer species group, distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, from the State of Paraná to northern Rio Grande do Sul (Frost 2016). It is recorded in forested areas (Conte & Rossa-Feres 2007), or while breeding along forest edges and open habitats. Information on advertisement calls of species in the R. crucifer group is available for R. casconi, R. crucifer, R. inopina and R. ornata (Andrade et al. 2015; Heyer et al. 1990; Oliveira et al. 2014; Roberto et al. 2014). Here we describe the advertisement and aggressive calls of R. abei recorded in the municipality of Campo Largo (25.507472° S, 49.376632° W, datum "WGS84"), southeast State of Paraná, Brazil.
Butler and Ecumenism as a Theological Category in the Implementation of Vatican II: The Theological Significance of Abbot Christopher Butler’s Conciliar Letters and Diaries
Authors: Morgan Stephen
Published: May 2016

Abbot Christopher Butler of Downside Abbey attended Vatican II as Abbot President of the English Benedictine Congregation. He was, arguably, one of the most distinguished and influential English-speaking theologian at the Council but his theological formation had not been within the normal Roman Catholic seminary or Pontifical University system. Both as an Anglican and then, after his conversion to Roman Catholicism, as a Benedictine, his education gave him a very distinct theological approach. This approach together with his close personal contacts in his former communion ensured that ecumenical matters were a major concern of his participation at the Council. For Butler, Christian Unity was more than an ecclesiological imperative but became a theological category to which the entire conciliar project was to be formed. He will argue that, through his 1966 Sarum lectures, published as ‘The Theology of Vatican II’, and his long-lasting influence as a member of the Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales, Butler was the single most important home-grown theological influence refashioning and reorienting English and Welsh Roman Catholicism in an ecumenical direction, and that this has had a determining effect on the readiness of it for the New Evangelisation.
Human Factors in Financial Trading
Authors: Leaver Meghan , Reader Tom W.
Published: May 2016

Objective

This study tests the reliability of a system (FINANS) to collect and analyze incident reports in the financial trading domain and is guided by a human factors taxonomy used to describe error in the trading domain.

Background

Research indicates the utility of applying human factors theory to understand error in finance, yet empirical research is lacking. We report on the development of the first system for capturing and analyzing human factors–related issues in operational trading incidents.

Method

In the first study, 20 incidents are analyzed by an expert user group against a referent standard to establish the reliability of FINANS. In the second study, 750 incidents are analyzed using distribution, mean, pathway, and associative analysis to describe the data.

Results

Kappa scores indicate that categories within FINANS can be reliably used to identify and extract data on human factors–related problems underlying trading incidents. Approximately 1% of trades ( n = 750) lead to an incident. Slip/lapse (61%), situation awareness (51%), and teamwork (40%) were found to be the most common problems underlying incidents. For the most serious incidents, problems in situation awareness and teamwork were most common.

Conclusion

We show that (a) experts in the trading domain can reliably and accurately code human factors in incidents, (b) 1% of trades incur error, and (c) poor teamwork skills and situation awareness underpin the most critical incidents.

Application

This research provides data crucial for ameliorating risk within financial trading organizations, with implications for regulation and policy.
Falls, Depression, and Other Hospitalization Risk Factors for Adults in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Gimm Gilbert W. , Kitsantas Panagiota
Published: May 2016

Prior research has shown a relationship between falls, hospitalizations, and depression among older adults in nursing home settings, but few studies have explored these relationships for younger and older adults in residential care facilities. This study examined risk factors for hospitalizations among assisted living residents. Using the 2010 National Survey of Residential Care Facilities, the study found that 24% of residents had a hospital stay in the past year. Residents with falls were more than twice as likely to have a hospitalization. For younger residents, depression was a key risk factor (OR = 1.74, p < .01). However, older residents with dementia had a lower risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.71, p < .01). More attention is needed to prevent falls and identify residents with depression and severe mental illness, who are at greater risk of hospitalization. Reducing avoidable hospitalizations can improve well-being for older and younger adults in residential care facilities.
The Influences of Employment Status and Daily Stressors on Physiological Functioning in a Sample of Midlife and Older Adults
Authors: Wong Jen D. , Shobo Yetunde
Published: May 2016

This study examines the influences of employment status and the moderating role of daily stressors on cortisol levels and responsivity in 182 workers and 253 retirees between 55 and 75 years old from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS-II). As a part of the Daily Diary Study, participants completed telephone interviews about their daily experiences across eight evenings and provided saliva samples across 4 days. Multilevel models showed that workers who experienced greater number of non–work related daily stressors significantly exhibited higher cortisol level at 30 min post awakening ( b = 0.252, SE = 0.109, p < .05) and greater cortisol awakening response ( b = 3.769, SE = 1.898, p < .05) the following morning as compared with retirees who experienced similar amount of daily stressors. Findings demonstrate the important consideration of daily stressors in identifying the ways in which social roles influence physiological functioning in midlife and late adulthood.
A Spatial Analysis of Body Mass Index and Neighborhood Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women
Authors: Christman Zachary , Pruchno Rachel , Cromley Ellen , Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Mir Izza
Published: May 2016

The spatial distribution of obesity among the older population can yield insights into the influence of contextual factors associated with this public health problem. We tested the relationship between neighborhood-level characteristics and body mass index (BMI) using global and local spatial statistics of geographic clustering, using data derived from a random-digit-dial sample of 5,319 community-dwelling adults aged 50 to 74 residing in 1,313 census tracts in New Jersey. Geographically weighted regression modeled associations between BMI clusters and neighborhood characteristics, including metrics of structure, safety, demographics, and amenities. Across the sample panel, average BMI was 28.62 kg/m2 for women and 28.25 kg/m2 for men. There was significant spatial clustering of obesity by census tract, varying by gender across the state. Neighborhood characteristics were more strongly related to BMI for women than men. This research illuminates the role of neighborhood contextual factors and will assist community planners, officials, and public health practitioners as they address the rise in obesity.
Botulinum Toxin in Secondarily Nonresponsive Patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Mor Niv , Tang Christopher , Blitzer Andrew
Published: May 2016

Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been effective and well tolerated for all types of dystonia for >30 years. We reviewed outcomes of our patients treated with BoNT serotype A (BoNT‐A) for spasmodic dysphonia (SD) who became secondarily nonresponsive. We found that 8 of 1400 patients became nonresponsive to BoNT‐A (0.57%), which is lower than the secondary nonresponse rate in other dystonias. After a cessation period, 4 of our patients resumed BoNT‐A injections, and recurrence of immunoresistance was not seen in any of them. When compared with patients with other dystonias, patients with SD receive extremely low doses of BoNT. Small antigen challenge may explain the lower rate of immunoresistance and long‐lasting efficacy after BoNT‐A is restarted among secondary nonresponsive patients with SD.
Risk of Complications after Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Meltzer Charles , Klau Marc , Gurushanthaiah Deepak , Titan Hari , Meng Di , Radler Linda , Sundang Alvina
Published: May 2016

Objective

To develop a predictive model for the risk of complications after thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Study Design

Case series with planned chart review of patients undergoing surgery, 2007‐2013.

Setting

Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Subjects and Methods

Patients (N = 16,458) undergoing thyroid and parathyroid procedures were randomly assigned to model development and validation groups. We used univariate analysis to assess relationships between each of 28 predictor variables and 30‐day complication rates. We subsequently entered all variables into a recursive partitioning decision tree analysis, with P <. 05 as the basis for branching.

Results

Among patients undergoing thyroidectomies, the most important predictor variable was thyroid cancer. For patients with thyroid cancer, additional risk predictors included coronary artery disease and central neck dissection. For patients without thyroid cancer, additional predictors included coronary artery disease, dyspnea, complete thyroidectomy, and lobe size. Among patients undergoing parathyroidectomies, the most important predictor variable was coronary artery disease, followed by cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. The model performed similarly in the validation groups.

Conclusion

For patients undergoing thyroid surgery, 7 of 28 predictor variables accounted for statistically significant differences in the risk of 30‐day complications; for patients undergoing parathyroid surgery, 3 variables accounted for significant differences in risk. This study forms the foundation of a parsimonious model to predict the risk of complications among patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Nutrition in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Graves Caran , Faraklas Iris , Maniatis Katelynn , Panter Elizabeth , La Force Jessica , Aleem Razia , Zavala Sarah , Albrecht Marlene , Edwards Paul , Cochran Amalia
Published: May 2016

Background: Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe exfoliative diseases treated in burn centers due to large skin losses. Literature on SJS/TEN refers to parenteral nutrition (PN) as the preferred route of nutrition support. This study describes nutrition support interventions in SJS/TEN patients admitted to burn centers. Materials and Methods: Seven burn centers participated in this Institutional Review Board–exempted retrospective chart review of adults with SJS/TEN admitted from 2000–2012. Results: This analysis included 171 patients with SJS/TEN. Median total body surface area involvement was 35% (n = 145; interquartile range [IQR], 16%–62%). The majority required mechanical ventilation (n = 105). Based on indirect calorimetry, measured energy needs were 24.2 kcal/kg of admit weight (n = 58; IQR, 19.4–29.9). Thirty‐one patients did not require enteral nutrition (EN) and started oral intake on hospital day 1 (IQR, 1–2), and 81% required EN support due to inadequate oral intake and remained on EN until day 16 (median hospital day, 16; IQR, 9–25). High‐protein enteral formulas predominated. PN was rarely used (n = 12, 7%). Most patients were discharged home (57%), with 14% still requiring EN. Conclusions: Nutrition support should be considered in patients with SJS/TEN due to increased metabolic needs and an inability to meet these needs orally. Most SJS/TEN patients continued on EN and did not require escalation to PN.
Multilevel finite element modeling and coupling vibration analysis of the drum in blade–disk–drum assembly
Authors: Chen Yugang , Zhai Jingyu , Han Qingkai
Published: May 2016

Blade–disk–drum (BDD) assemblies are commonly used in rotors of aeroengine. This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of the drum in the BDD assembly. In the analysis, multilevel modeling method based on ANSYS software is proposed. Free vibrations of single drum, disk-drum assembly, and the BDD assembly are calculated and carefully examined to discover the special modal shapes and coupling effects. Then according to the working environment, equivalent aerodynamic loads are imposed on blades and the drum respectively, to explore the vibration behaviors of the drum in the BDD assembly. Results reveal that, vibration of the drum, which may result in rub-impact or/and fatigue failure, can be induced by coupling vibration result from the aerodynamic loads on blades and drum, as well as the drum-dominant mode triggered by the aerodynamic loads on drum.
‘Paranoia and its historical development (systematized delusion)’, by Eugenio Tanzi (1884)
Authors: Castagnini Augusto
Published: May 2016

This was the first paper by the Italian alienist Eugenio Tanzi (1856–1934). It surveyed existing works and provided an analysis of clinical categories such as monomania, sensory madness, moral insanity, Wahnsinn, Verrücktheit and systematized delusions, which had been used in France, Germany, Britain and Italy since the early nineteenth century to deal with paranoia. As pointed out by Tanzi, discrepancies and discontinuities in diagnostic concepts affected both psychiatric nosology and practice. Paranoia (from the Greek παρά and νοια) made for greater clarity in psychiatric terminology, and denoted a broad category, including both acute and chronic delusional states which were considered to be distinct from mania and melancholia, and usually not to lead to mental deterioration.
Sommets sportifs nationaux et identités culturelles régionales: Médiatisation des confrontations rugbystiques Paris-province
Authors: Béru Laurent
Published: May 2016

Résumé

À l’instar d’un derby, qui oppose deux clubs sportifs dont les sièges sont distants de quelques kilomètres (au sein d’une même ville ou d’un même département), un match lors duquel un club provincial français se mesure au club de la capitale française génère inévitablement une passion politique et culturelle. Ainsi, la concurrence sportive est intensifiée par une rivalité interrégionale. De même que dans le football (notamment avec les matches entre le Paris-Saint-Germain et ses concurrents régionaux comme l’Olympique de Marseille ou l’Olympique Lyonnais), les rencontres de rugby entre la formation parisienne du Stade Français et la formation haut-garonnaise du Stade Toulousain attisent autant un fanatisme sportif que des sentiments ou ressentiments extra-sportifs : ces derniers sont la résultante d’une longue histoire administrative. Les rédactions journalistiques ne sont pas extérieures à ces élans passionnels : « co-productrices » du spectacle sportif, elles participent à « faire monter la pression » avant chaque rencontre, et à préparer la prochaine dès l’après-match. Les quotidiens régionaux Le Parisien et La Dépêche du Midi, qui supportent respectivement le Stade Français et le Stade Toulousain, diffusent de fait une information subjective en accord avec leur attachement régional et les attentes de leurs « lecteurs-supporters ».
Claiming integration, performing exclusion: Yamina Benguigui’s documentaries
Authors: Bourget Carine
Published: May 2016

This article examines Yamina Benguigui’s filmmaking in Mémoires d’immigrés, Le Plafond de verre / Les Défricheurs, and 9-3 mémoire d’un territoire, three documentaries that explore policies of the French government and their consequences on postcolonial immigrants and their children in France. Benguigui’s documentaries intertwine official and personal testimonies while erasing the director’s presence. I analyse the implications of this (failed) erasure, as well as the limits of Benguigui’s projects. Benguigui’s attempts to stage a dialogue between the majority population and minorities seem to depend on the suppression of controversies. The traces that remain of the interviewer point to the ever-looming presence of the director in shaping the reality presented: a reality that glosses over a failing educational system and Islamophobia.