bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the current status of youth employment in Kazakhstan and the system of its state support
Authors: Doskeyeva G. Zh.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and its main indicators, consider and assess the mechanism of functioning of the system of state support for youth employment; also in reviewing the possibilities of government programs aimed at combating unemployment, including youth unemployment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The research methodology includes statistical and economic, dialectical and comparative methods that were used in writing this scientific article. Since statistical and economic methods are a set of methods used in a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the development of certain economic processes, in this article, using the method under consideration, indicators of youth employment in Kazakhstan were grouped, statistical information was developed and analyzed, and also with the help of graphs and diagrams, the analysis results are displayed and assessed the state of the youth labor market. And with the help of the dialectical method, the state of development of economic processes in the labor market, in particular the relationship and interaction between the elements of the mechanism of state support was revealed. Using the comparative method, a comparative analysis of the indicators of the youth labor market and the experience of the functioning of the mechanism of state regulation, as well as the dynamics of changes in the indicators of youth unemployment over a five-year period was carried out.

The originality / value of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of youth employment indicators in Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 and an assessment of the mechanism for the functioning of state programs and other elements of the state regulation system aimed at supporting the youth labor market in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.

Findings - main focus andfindings of the article. The research results are related to the analysis of the main indicators of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and the identification of the main priorities of social policy aimed at improving the system of state support for youth employment.
Assessment of the impact of the employment roadmap on the unemployment rate of the Republic of Kazakhstan: synthetic control method
Authors: Sokira T. S. , Myshbayeva Z. T.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of the action plan of the Employment Roadmap on the unemployment rate in Kazakhstan.

Methodology. Synthetic Control Method was used in this paper. The method, which compares one or more units exposed to the event and determines what would have happened if the unit had not been treated. In other words, this method creates a weighted combination of control states to create a single «synthetic» control group, in order to approach the counterfactual unit in Kazakhstan in the absence of a plan or Roadmap.

The originality / value of the research based on the analysis, panel data from Kazakhstan and 13 donor pool countries for the period 2000-2019 were taken for modeling.

Findings: As a result of the study, it was revealed that the unemployment rate would have been 2% higher in 2019 if Kazakhstan had not adopted an action plan in the form of an Employment Roadmap in 2009.
Approaches to changes in business-model by applying digital technologies
Authors: Baigarin T.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to disclosure of the essential incentives for digital transformation of traditional business models in the modern conditions of the world economy development and to form a model of digital transformation of the company's trading activities.

Methodology. The scientific work is based on the method of theoretical analysis of research by modern authors regarding the features in the field of digital transformation of business models of companies.

Originality / value of the research. Values and prerequisites for digital transformation of business models of trade organizations have been determined. The advantages of this transformation in the system of long-term planning and management of the organization are highlighted.

Findings. The basic business model of digital transformation has been identified and refined. The specification of the organization's business model key components in the context of digital transformation of operating activities has been determined.
Socially responsible behaviour of Kazakhstani consumers
Authors: Kenebayeva A. S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the environmentally and socially-conscious behavior of Kazakhstani consumers in the sector of hospitality and tourism.

Methodology - This empirical research is based on the quantitative research method and applies a survey data collection technique. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed among potential consumers relying on a convenience sampling technique. The attitudes of consumers towards responsible business practices of hospitality and tourism firms have been examined by the application of the Pearson Correlation Analysis.

Originality / value - The study contributes to the theory building in the field of consumer behavior by responding to a contextual gap in the literature on environmentally and socially-conscious behavior of Kazakhstani consumers focusing on their attitudes towards sustainable business practices in hospitality and tourism and offers practical implications for domestic tourism and hospitality service providers.

Findings - The findings show that consumers with higher levels of awareness about sustainable business practices and principles tend to pay higher prices for environmental and socially friendly hospitality and tourism offerings corresponding to sustainability standards and such kind of behavior does not depend on income or education level of individuals.
Analysis of key steps to overcome the crisis in tourism during a pandemic: the experience of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom
Authors: Nurpeissova A. , Islam D. Md. Z.
Published: June 2021

Purpose of research. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown has created a significant threat to the global economy as well as the life of each of us. This paper examines the effect of coronavirus on tourism and proposes a framework of how Kazakhstan can adopt strategies from the international experience (e.g., the UK, Italy, Spain) in order to support tourism sector.

Methodology. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the study applies qualitative research method that includes in-depth literature reviews of secondary data including research publications (books, peer reviewed journal, reports, government portals, conference papers, online news/article sources etc.).

Originality / value. The study includes the analysis of the secondary data concerning the consequences of COVID-19 on economy through comparative analysis between the actions concerning the recovery process of two governments: Kazakhstan and the UK. Based on that the most appropriate recovery steps were presented that would be helpful for tourism support.

Findings. This study finds that in the short- term, it might be more appropriate for national economies to prioritize domestic rather than international tourism. Also, in terms of medium to long terms plans, it is important for Kazakhstan learning lessons from international experiences to take actions for the tourism recovery plan, e.g., the support scheme for heritage places and organizations.

The article recognizes the practical impact of this review that it can be consulted as an action plan (or handbook) on which steps could be adopted to support tourism. The limitation is that this research is based on the secondary data which is scarce and that the COVID-19 is still happening and the recovery process is an ongoing event, there are not many reliable academic literatures published yet. The findings of the study are expected to aid the academics to conduct future in-depth research.
The concept of product market positioning
Authors: Tleuberdinova A. T. , Zhussupgazina R. R.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article was to reveal the concept of positioning in the market and its main components by identifying the main strategic advantages and properties of this approach. In addition, the article notes the basic rules for positioning the product and highlights the importance of using the positioning map in controlling the position of the product. The article considers the history of the concept of positioning, defines the features of the approaches and definitions of various authors, as well as the analysis of the selection of its criteria. The authors of the article explain the essence of the positioning process, justify the conditions for choosing a positioning strategy.

Methodology - The authors used a comparative method of analyzing various positioning strategies and strategic branding, as well as a structural and functional approach in assessing the versatile risky positions of products in the market, in presenting individual positioning processes and describing their stages.

Originality / value of the research. The results of the study provide new systematized knowledge that contributes to the further development of the scientific foundations of strategic positioning, increasing the level of scientific research, as well as expanding practical application.

Findings - The authors summarize the theoretical and methodological aspects of strategic positioning, based on the systematization of existing practices, the author's interpretation of the concept of "positioning" is given, an author's algorithm is proposed for the actions of companies to develop and implement a positioning strategy based on the need to plan brand development and mandatory analysis of the competitive environment through the definition of attributes and images of competing companies.
Development of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan
Authors: Altaibayeva Z. K. , Khamzina S. S. , Baltabayeva A. K.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the model of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan, as well as to identify problems and development prospects based on the analysis of the promotion of its ideas.

Methodology. To determine trends in the development of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan, the following approaches have been applied: systemic, dialectical, comparative, territorial-evaluative. The variety of methods is combined into groups: description, comparison, economic and statistical methods, correlation analysis, generalization, other methods and techniques.

Originality / value of the research. The article discusses the features of promoting the principles of corporate social responsibility (hereinafter - CSR) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All components of promoting CSR principles in Kazakhstan are considered as a single system, which defines the conceptual framework, stakeholders in the development of CSR, as well as legal support for its development in the country. The authors characterize the Kazakhstani CSR model of large business and provide examples of the practical implementation of its principles at the present stage. Social investment of subsoil user companies in the territory of their presence in Pavlodar region is analyzed. The considered social investment was carried out within the framework of memorandums of mutual cooperation with local executive authorities.

Findings. Based on the study, the authors formulated conclusions about the state of development of CSR business in Kazakhstan.
Corporate social responsibility of the quasi-public sector: principles and processes
Authors: Bekenov N. , Dossova S.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to systematize modern ideas about the principles and processes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the quasi-public sector.

Methodology - formalized methods for the analysis of literary sources - contextual analysis, deduction, adaptation method.

Originality / value of the research. Research represents the value for companies of the quasi-public sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, since it allows to eliminate existing gaps of knowledge (research gaps) in the methodology of corporate social responsibility management. To summarize the quality and effectiveness of CSR, the principles of CSR and the principles of effective management of CSR in the quasi-public sector of the economy are formulated. These principles are implemented in practice through CSR processes and projects.

Findings - the model of effective CSR management is proposed, linking the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act), CSR processes and principles of effective CSR management. The proposed model can be taken as a general structural framework of the CSR management system in a quasi-public company and further decompose this system to the level of specific CSR procedures and projects.
2-Visible Submodules and Fully 2-Visible Modules
Authors: Mahmood S. Fiadh  , Wafaa H. Hanoon
Published: June 2021

Let X be a T -module, T is a commutative ring with identity and K be a proper submodule of X. In this
paper we introduce the concepts of 2-visible submodules and fully 2-visible modules as a generalizations of visible
submodules and fully visible modules resp., where K is said to be 2-visible whenever K=I2 K for every nonzero
ideal I of T and AT -module X is called fully 2-visible if for any proper submodule of it is 2-visible.Study some of
the properties of these concepts also discuss the relationship 2-visible submodules and fully 2-visible modules with
2-pure submoules and other related submodules and modules resp. are given
INFORMATION OPENNESS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF LEGISLATION IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPHERE
Authors: Vasilevich G. A.
Published: June 2021

In modern conditions, the paternalistic type of relations between the state and the person, between the state and society, is being replaced by a new type of relationship between these subjects. The growth of legal culture, legal consciousness of citizens is changing the previously established paradigm of relations: the number of people who recognize themselves as full-fledged subjects of the political process is growing. Sustainable socio-economic development of the state is directly dependent on the extent to which rule-making and law enforcement effectively affect social processes, to what extent the expectations of citizens from the activities of state authorities are justified.

The development of information technologies significantly changes the role of citizens, public organizations in making government decisions, and has a significant impact on this process. State administration is carried out through the adoption of legislative acts and law enforcement. Information openness (transparency) of actions in these areas is an important factor in the legitimacy of public authorities.
LEGAL ENFORCEMENT DECRIMINALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMY OF CRIMINAL IMPACT MEASURES: CONCEPT, SIGNS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Kovalchuk A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article examines decriminalization, which is a method of criminal law policy. The author substantiates the division of decriminalization according to the forms of its implementation into legislative and law enforcement. The legal nature of law enforcement decriminalization is analyzed. On the basis of the features identified by the author, its concept is formulated. The problems of the implementation of law enforcement decriminalization associated with the interpretation of evaluative features, the presence of legislative problems expressed in the intersectoral inconsistency of criminal and administrative legislation, as well as the formulation of qualifying signs of individual offenses that are not related to the commission of an act that forms the main body of these crimes are noted. Based on the study, analysis of legislation and theoretical views, a conclusion is made about the existence of a legislative basis for law enforcement decriminalization, it is argued that the phenomenon under study is one of the most important components of the law enforcement economy of criminal law impact, contributing to the implementation of the principle of fairness of criminal law and criminal liability.
TRADE UNIONS AS SUBJECTS OF LABOR LAW
Authors: Krasnikau D. N.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to issues related to the activities of trade unions as subjects of labor law. The procedure for state registration of trade unions has been presented. Their rights and obligations are considered. Deficiencies in the current legislation are identified and ways of their resolution are proposed.
SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Kunevich G. G.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the issues of legal regulation of municipal elections in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, draws attention to various types of electoral systems and methods of nominating candidates for deputies of representative bodies of local self-government. The author proposes directions for improving the Belarusian legislation on the issues under study.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF SUBSOIL
Authors: Sleptsov A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal protection of subsoil. Based on the analysis of legislation, the author distinguishes the theoretical features of the concepts of "subsoil" and "legal protection of subsoil," an attempt was made to formulate an author's definition of these concepts. The author concludes that it is necessary to recognize the subsoil as an object of environmental and legal protection, taking into account their properties not only as a repository of minerals, energy and other resources, but also as a complex and basic component of the natural environment. The author believes that from the point of view of the interests of subsoil protection, it is advisable to distinguish between the requirements for ensuring the rational use of subsoil and the requirements aimed directly at the protection of subsoil, with the separation of the latter into a separate article of the Subsoil Code of the Republic of Belarus "Subsoil Protection," which will contribute to the development of the environmental focus of legal regulation in this area.
IMPLEMENTATION BY THE LAW ENFORCER OF A COMPLEX OF MEASURES FOR FORMING THE LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE OFFENER IN CONDITIONS OF DEPRIVATION OF FREEDOM
Authors: Stabrovskiy E. I.
Published: June 2021

The formation of the legal consciousness of an offender in the process of executing a sentence of imprisonment is investigated. The means of correction of those sentenced to imprisonment are analyzed. The directions of educational work with convicts are noted. It is indicated that a significant role in the formation of the legal consciousness of the convict is acquired by the personality of the law enforcer, whose activity requires a value-anthropological approach. Collective and individual forms of educational work are analyzed. The features of the formation of legal consciousness at various stages of the execution of punishment are investigated. It is noted that the success of the formation of legal consciousness is determined by the solution of the identified problems of the legal consciousness of the convict and the formation of personal legal values. The foreign experience of preventing unlawful behavior after the end of the term of imprisonment is analyzed. It is concluded that it is impossible to apply preventive detention in the Republic of Belarus due to the term of the punishment.
PLANNING FOR OPTIMUM SUPPLY CHAIN THROUGHPUT AS A CRITICAL FACTOR IN MAKING A SUCCESSFUL CHAIN IN THE MARKET
Authors: Huliahina O. S.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the need to ensure the optimal throughput of the supply chain as the most important factor in maintaining the effective and efficient operation of the chain. The notion is given. The importance of throughput planning is noted. It is presented as a search for a compromise between the speed of response to demand and the internal efficiency of the chain links. In addition, some of the barriers that hinder the simplicity of the throughput planning process in the chain are considered. They are the “whip effect” and the conflict of interests of the participants in the chain. The article also proposes approaches that allow to achieve the most efficient planning of throughput in the chain, taking into account all the existing requirements and restrictions. The author proposes supply chain management as a single system and its synchronization with every moment of actual market demand. The next propose is the introduction of strategic alliances.
MACHINE OPERATING PRODUCTIVITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Dubrovsky N. A. , Veretennikova E. S. , Kameko O. A.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the system identify the different productivities of the machines. A method has been developed for determining the productivity of a group of machines, taking into account the reliability of the machines at any time. A method is proposed for determining the operational productivity of machines, which allows assessing the effectiveness of the use of machines and processes of planning, organization and management.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE INSURANCE MARKET AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING ITS COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Pankov D. A. , Krupenko Yu. V.
Published: June 2021

Approaches to the definition of «competitiveness» are systematized. The problems of the national insurance market and the main directions of its sustainable development in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy are identified. Factors affecting the competitiveness of an insurance company are identified. The author offers a classification of factors of insurers' competitiveness, including the main factors (reliability factors), support factors and stress factors. Digitalization is defined as the most important factor in the competitiveness of the insurance market in the digital economy. Competitive advantages of insurers based on digitalization are justified. Business imperatives of insurers in the conditions of digitalization are revealed. The recommendations can become a powerful driver for increasing the competitiveness of the insurance market.
Exploring the Link between Corporate Reputation with Sustainability Leadership and Market Valuation: A Comparative Analysis of Award and Non-Award Companies in PSX
Authors: Naz Rimsha , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: June 2021

This literature investigated the impact of corporate reputation on companies’ performance and their market valuation in the Pakistan stock market. We attempted to explore whether companies with a high reputation for sustainability also perform better in the Pakistan stock market. Verifying signaling theory and asset-based theories on the Pakistani market, we explained why associations signal their promise to practicality to inﬂuence the outer point of view on reputation. A company's standing for being focused on supportability is a theoretical asset that can expand the estimation of an association's normal cash flows or potentially lessen the inconstancy of its cash flows. For finding out the companies with a reputation with sustainability, we used the PSX criteria of the award list. Data was taken from 2014 to 2018 (five years) from the award list announced by Pakistan stock exchange limited. We classify a company as an award company if it continuously got included in the PSX award list in a specified period of four out of five times. Similarly, a non-award company was classified as an accompanying with the same market capitalization as Award Company but not included in the list. In this way, 12 awards and 24 non-award companies were shortlisted. We also include 12 non-award companies of the same sector and market capitalization for sector analysis between reputation and non-reputation. Comparative analysis was carried out through 1-way ANOVA and factor affecting and market valuation of the two groups were explored using regression analysis. These factors included net income (NI), book value of equity (BV), Size, ROE, ROA, and Leverage (LEV) represented by debt ratio. According to expectation, our results of t-test suggested that the mean of all variables for award and non-award companies are significantly different and the mean of award companies are higher than their counter part. One way Anova consequences of sectorial examination demonstrated that concerning net gain, there is huge contrast between the methods for trustworthy organizations and non-respectable organizations in seven out of nine areas. Regression Analysis prove our equation that independent variable has significant impact on dependent variable. Our ﬁndings showed that the overall ﬁrms with incredible sustainability reputation and managed to name on award list of our sample year has greater valuation by the market when stood out from their counterparty (non-award companies). Hence, our results imply that organizations have to focus on their reputation for corporate sustainability which in turn improve their financial position and enhance their market valuation.
ОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ГОРОДИЩА БУРНООКТЯБРЬСК (ЖЫЛҚЫШЫТӨБЕ) в 2018–2019 гг.
Authors: Талеев Докей Абдикеримович , Торбеков Ескендірбек Санжарұлы
Published: June 2021

В статье освещаются результаты раскопок 2018–2019 гг., проводившихся на городище Бурнооктябрьск (Жуалынский р-н, Жамбылская обл.). Раскопом площадью 110×100×18–20 м, заложенном в южной части памятника, установлено наличие двухуровнего строительного комплекса. В ходе раскопок было открыто несколько помещений, стены которых возведены из сырцовых кирпичей. Параметры сохранившихся стен: ширина – 2 м, высота – 3–3,5 м. Археологические материалы, обнаруженные в результате раскопок, датируются I–IV вв. Аналогии находкам, а также характер строительной техники сближает памятник с кауынчинской и отрар-каратауской культурами. Данные, полученные в ходе исследования, позволяют утверждать, что изученный комплекс выполнял роль центра земледельческой общины, населявшей этот регион, в кангюйскую эпоху.
Detección de anticuerpos de Brucella spp. en mataderos del estado Bolívar y Soledad, municipio Independencia, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela, 2006
Authors: Cermeño Julman Rosiris , De Grazia Ricardo
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia humana y bovina de anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. en mataderos del estado Bolívar y Soledad, municipio Independencia, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Para ello, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal. Previo permiso por escrito de autoridades competentes y consentimiento informado de los trabajadores, se seleccionaron 7 mataderos. Se registraron datos de interés epidemiológico y clínico. Se extrajo sangre por venopunción de personas y bovinos. La demostración de anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. se realizó mediante la prueba DRG® Brucella IgM ELISA en humanos y ELISA competitiva, Brucella-Ab C-ELISA de SVANOVIR®, en animales. Se evaluaron 462 sueros: 159 de trabajadores y 303 de bovinos. La prevalencia de infección en humanos fue 5,6 % y de bovinos 11,2 %; el mayor porcentaje se obtuvo en el grupo de los trabajadores con edades entre 21 y 30 años (a) (P = 0,15) y de sexo masculino (P = 0,34). Siendo más frecuente en el personal que tenía menos de 10 a con riesgo ocupacional (66,6 %); correspondiendo a la ocupación de matarife y despostador el mayor número de casos. El 55,6 % de los trabajadores consumían lácteos sin pasteurizar. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron inespecíficas: artralgias, cefalea y sudoración nocturna (P > 0,05). Se demuestra que la mayoría de trabajadores de los mataderos evaluados del estado Bolívar y Soledad, municipio Independencia del estado Anzoátegui, están expuestos a múltiples factores de riesgo para contraer brucelosis, sin embargo, la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos de Brucella spp. en ellos fue baja (5,6 %) aunque elevada entre los bovinos estudiados (11,2 %).
Fattening performance and carcass traits of implanted and supplemented grassfed bulls
Authors: Huerta-Leidenz Nelson , Jerez-Timaure Nancy , Godoy Susmira , Rodríguez-Matos Carlos , Araujo-Febres Omar
Published: June 2021

Ninety-nine uncastrated males were randomly distributed into four grazing groups to examine variation in growth and carcass traits, due to the implant regime [Implantation of 72 miligrams (mg) of Ralgro® at day (d) 0 followed by its reimplantation at d 90 versus implantation of Revalor® at d 0 followed by 72 mg of Ralgro® at d 90)], and suplementation type [mineral supplementation (MS) versus strategic supplementation (SS)]. With a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, the analysis of variance included the treatments and their interaction (implant regimen x supplementation) as fixed effects, and the breed type as a random effect. The interaction was not significant; neither did the implant regimen on any growth trait (P > 0.05). Compared to MS, the SS group had a greater daily weight gain (779 vs. 541 grams; P < 0.001), required a shorter (38.3 d lesser) time of fattening to reach the end point (198.3 versus 236.6 d; P < 0.001) with a heavier liveweight (498. 2 vs. 474. 4 kilograms; P = 0.02) at an earlier age (29.4 vs. 30.­8 months; P < 0.001), with a higher carcass dressing percentage (59.13 vs 57.62 %; P = 0.03) and younger carcass bone maturity (P < 0.001). With the exception of thoracic depth, carcass traits did not vary with the implant regimen (P > 0.05). The use of aggressive implant regimens to improve growth or carcass characteristics of grazing bulls is not justified. SS is a feasible practice to improve fattening performance of grazing bulls but no beneficial impact on their carcass quality was expected.
Comportamiento animal y composición botánica de la dieta de ovinos apacentando estrella africana (Cynodon plectostachyus (L.) Pers.) en monocultivo y asociada con Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. y Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam.)
Authors: Pinto-Ruiz René , Pérez-Díaz Angélica Anahí , Hernández-Sánchez David , Guevara-Hernandez Francisco , Uriel-Trujillo Gerardo , Cadena-Iñiguez Pedro
Published: June 2021

Se realizó el presente estudio para conocer el comportamiento en pastoreo y la composición botánica de la dieta seleccionada por ovinos apacentando una pradera de “estrella africana” (Cynodon plectostachyus) en monocultivo y el mismo pasto asociado con Leucaena leucocephala y Guazuma ulmifolia, en dos épocas del año (a). Las variables obtenidas en un periodo de 12 horas (h) fueron: los tiempos de pastoreo, ramoneo, rumia y descanso bajo sol o bajo la sombra de los árboles, asimismo se obtuvo en un espacio de 24 h, la frecuencia de orina y consumo de agua. Por otro lado, se midió la composición botánica de la dieta seleccionada por cada animal y la temperatura rectal de los ovinos apacentados en ambos tipos de praderas durante la época de sacas y de lluvias. Los resultados indicaron que el tiempo de pastoreo de los ovinos no fue modificado por el tipo de pradera en ambas estaciones del a. El tiempo de rumia fue mayor y el tiempo de descanso fue menor en los ovinos apacentando en la pradera arbolada. Se encontró que la temperatura corporal tomada por vía rectal disminuyó 0,25 y 0,38 °C en la época seca y de lluvia, respectivamente, en relación a los animales que apacentaron en praderas en monocultivo. Los ovinos comieron más follaje arbóreo y bebieron más agua durante la época seca, asociado con mayor actividad de ramoneo. En conclusión, el sistema silvopastoril modifica favorablemente las actividades diarias de los ovinos en pastoreo y brinda mayor confort y bienestar a los animales.
Pressureless sinterability study of ZrB2–SiC composites containing hexagonal BN and phenolic resin additives
Authors: FarahBakhsh Iman , Antiochia Riccarda , Jang Ho Won
Published: June 2021

This research is dedicated to the role of different amounts of hexagonal BN (hBN: 0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%) on the pressureless sinterability of ZrB2–25 vol% SiC ceramics. Phenolic resin (5 wt%) with a carbon yield of ~40 % was incorporated as a binder to the powder mixtures and after initial cold pressing, the final sintering process was performed at 1900 °C for 100 min in a vacuum furnace. The as-sintered specimens were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results disclosed that the incorporation of 1.5 wt% hBN could increase the relative density to ~92%, while the sample with zero hBN content just reached ~81% of full densification. Appropriate hBN content not only facilitated the particle rearrangement during the cold pressing, but also removed the harmful oxide impurities during the final sintering. Nevertheless, the addition of higher amounts of hBN remarkably lessened the densification because of more delamination of the non-reacted hBN flakes and release and entrapment of more gaseous by-products induced by the reacted hBN phases.
On not-at-issueness in pictures
Authors: Esipova Maria
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I make novel empirical observations about not-at-issue content in pictures, focusing on prohibition signs, and discuss the implications of these observations for our understanding of how meaning works in linguistic and non-linguistic systems. In particular, I show that for certain pieces of pictorial content, the at-issue vs. not-at-issue distinction is highly pragmatic, in a way that strongly resembles the restricting vs. non-restricting distinction in natural language modifiers. I, furthermore, demonstrate that such pieces of pictorial content also behave like modifiers for the purposes of ellipsis/anaphora resolution and alternative generation under only. Thus, I argue that the at-issue vs. not-at-issue distinction in these cases should, in fact, be analyzed in terms of restricting vs. non-restricting modification, rather than presuppositions contributed sublexically. These findings point to substantial parallels between pictures and natural language with respect to both pragmatic reasoning and compositional structuring of meaning.
KYIV LIBRARY HUBS (UKRAINE): FIRST EXPERIENCE AND FORMATION CHALLENGES
Authors: TİURMENKO Iryna , KHALETSKA Lesia , SMOLNIKOV Yurii
Published: June 2021

The publication highlights the innovative activities of library institutions in Ukraine, aimed at transforming their socio-cultural and information space. It is emphasized that the library hub is a fairly new phenomenon in the Ukrainian cultural environment. Of the 16,000 libraries, only a small number have become modern libraries. The creation of library hubs in Ukraine began only in 2016. Their implementation and functioning is an insufficiently studied scientific problem that needs deeper analysis. The article reveals the differences in the use of the term "library hub" in the scientific literature and library practice. The article highlights the changes that are taking place in the organization of the library space for children in Kyiv in accordance with global trends, regulations of Ukraine, decisions of local governments. In the early 2000s the socio-cultural activities of libraries were limited to leisure and educational activities; today the communications of library institutions are considered much more broadly, since they are an integral part of the socio-cultural and information system of Ukraine. Their special mission is to socialize the individual, develop public relations, and organize access to cultural values. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of "library hub" was formulated on the basis of analysis of research results and study of practices. Research of open sources of information, monitoring of library websites, direct study of the public space of Kyiv library hubs for children allowed to summarize the experience of creating a modern cultural and information space and identify the factors of their growing popularity among the population. The study outlined problems that slow down the development and effective functioning of library hubs.
It was established that library hubs are modernized open multilevel and multifunctional information and communication systems, which allowed to diversify and modernize the activities of library institutions by zoning the library space and using innovative forms of work with users and visitors.
“ŞAHNÂME-İ DİVANE ANDALİB” İSİMLİ ESERİNİN HOKAND HANLIĞI TARİHİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ŞEN Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Hokand Hanlığı’nın Şirali Han (1842-1845) dönemi için önemli tarihi kaynaklarından birisi olan “Şahnâme-i Divane Andalib” şair Andalib tarafından Çağatay Türkçesinde destan şeklinde kaleme alınmıştır. Eserde 1842-1843 yıllarında Hokand Hanlığı’nda meydana gelen olaylar dile getirilmiştir. Eserin konusu Hokand’daki kısa süreli Buhara hâkimiyeti ve hanlığın Şirali Han tarafından bağımsızlığa kavuşturulması, bu durum üzerine Emir Nasrullah’ın Hokand Seferi ve seferde yaşananlar anlatılmıştır. Eserin iki ana karakteri bulunmaktadır. Bunlar Şirali Han ve Emir Nasrullah’tır. Eserde Şirali Han mirasçısı olduğu devletin hükümdarı olmuş bir padişah, mutmain bir Müslüman olarak anlatılırken Emir Nasrullah ise zalim, gaddar ve cahil bir hükümdar olarak tasvir edilir. Müellif olayların tanığı olduğu için Hokand ahalisinin yaşanan olaylara bakış açısını, hükümdar ailesinin katledilmesinden dolayı duydukları üzüntüyü, Hokand’da Buhara askerlerince yapılan talanı ve Hokand’daki adaletsiz yönetim yüzünden Buhara Emirliği’ne karşı oluşan nefreti çok güzel bir biçimde eserinde işlemiştir. Özellikle halkın 1842-1843 yıllarında meydana gelen olaylar esnasındaki ruh halini yansıtması ve olayları onların gözünden aktarmaya çalışması Şahnâme-i Divane Andalib’e Hokand tarihi kaynakları arasında ayrı bir değer katmaktadır. Ayrıca Türkistan coğrafyasında dönüm noktalarından birisi olan Büyük Oyun’un başlangıcında bölgenin durumunu ve devletler arası çatışmaları taraflı olarak da olsa yansıtması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Şahnâme-i Divane Andalib’in Özbekista Ebu Reyhan Bîrûnî Şarkiyat Enstitüsü’nde bulunan 696 numara da bulunan el yazmayı kullanarak hazırladığımız bu çalışmada eserde verilen bilgileri diğer Hokand kaynaklarıyla mukayese etmeye gayret ettik. Eserin çevirisini verirken çok fazla yer kaplamaması için mısraları yan yana koyduk ve mısraları ayırmak için tire (-) işareti kullandık. Ayrıca her sayfanın sonunda sayfa numaralarını verdik.
Diagenetic Controls on the Formation of the Anarraaq Clastic-Dominated Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, Red Dog District, Alaska
Authors: Reynolds Merilie A. , Gleeson Sarah A. , Creaser Robert A. , Friedlander Betsy A. , Haywood Jenny C. , Hnatyshin Danny , McCusker Jim , Waldron John W.F.
Published: June 2021

The Anarraaq clastic-dominated (CD) Zn-Pb-Ag deposit (Red Dog district, Alaska, USA) has an inferred mineral resource of 19.4 Mt at 14.4% Zn, 4.2% Pb, and 73 g/t Ag and is spatially associated with a separate ~1 Gt barite body. This study presents new cross sections and petrographic evidence from the Anarraaq area. The barite body, previously shown to have formed in a shallow subsurface environment akin to a methane cold seep, contains multiple generations of barite with locally abundant calcite masses, which are discordant to sedimentary laminae, and is underlain by an interval of massive pyrite containing abundant framboids and radiolarians. Calcite and pyrite are interpreted to have formed by methane-driven diagenetic alteration of host sediment at the sulfate-methane transition (SMT). The sulfide deposit contains two zones of Zn-Pb mineralization bounded by faults of unknown displacement. The dominant hydrothermal minerals are marcasite, pyrite, sphalerite, quartz, and galena. The presence of hydrothermal pseudomorphs after barite, early pyrite resembling diagenetic pyrite associated with the barite body, and hydrothermal quartz and sphalerite filling voids formed by dissolution of carbonate all suggest that host sediment composition and origin was similar to that of the barite body prior to hydrothermal mineralization. Rhenium-osmium isochron ages of Ikalukrok mudstone (339.1 ± 8.3 Ma), diagenetic pyrite (333.0 ± 7.4 Ma), and hydrothermal pyrite (334.4 ± 5.3 Ma) at Anarraaq are all within uncertainty of one another and of an existing isochron age (~338 Ma) for the Main deposit in the Red Dog district. This indicates that the Anarraaq deposit formed soon after sedimentation and that hydrothermal activity was approximately synchronous in the district. The initial Os composition of the Anarraaq isochrons (0.375 ± 0.019–0.432 ± 0.025) is consistent with contemporaneous seawater, indicating that a mantle source was not involved in the hydrothermal system. This study highlights the underappreciated but important role of early, methane-driven diagenetic processes in the paragenesis of some CD deposits and has important implications for mineral exploration.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Levels of Adaptations to Remote Teaching and Learning at A University in A Developing Country in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Mavuru Lydia , Pila Oniccah Koketso , Kuhudzai Anesu Gelfand
Published: June 2021

The outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has not only caused fear and uncertainty in the education systems across the globe, but it brought about a fundamental paradigm shift in the mode of teaching and learning. Higher education drastically transitioned to remote/ online delivery even for the students who had enrolled for face-to-face mode of teaching and learning. The paper is premised in the context of a developing country that such a drastic change could have widened the digital divide between students from privileged homes and those from disadvantaged families as students did not receive adequate technological training and to even acquire the necessary electronic devices. Consequently, the study sought to establish the levels of adaptation to remote teaching and learning by university students herein referred to as pre-service teachers. Following a quantitative research design, an online questionnaire survey was administered to 157 pre-service teachers enrolled in a Life Sciences Methodology module at a South African university. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26 and descriptive statistics, exploratory analysis of the questionnaire constructs and One-Way ANOVA tests were conducted to compare pre-service teachers` perceptions, experiences and preparedness. The results showed that the disparities and inequalities that exist in different South African contexts in which pre-service teachers hail from, dictated their levels of adaptations to remote teaching and learning. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds were less adapted as they struggled more when it comes to acquisition of electronic gadgets and connectivity to facilitate remote learning compared to those from advantaged backgrounds. This study afﬁrms the call for education institutions and governments to rethink ways of closing the gap between the poor and the rich in education in terms of resource and other support mechanisms.
Clinical Practice Guideline for Postoperative Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Min Kyunghoon , Beom Jaewon , Kim Bo Ryun , Lee Sang Yoon , Lee Goo Joo , Lee Jung Hwan , Lee Seung Yeol , Won Sun Jae , Ahn Sangwoo , Bang Heui Je , Cha Yonghan , Chang Min Cheol , Choi Jung-Yeon , Do Jong Geol , Do Kyung Hee , Han Jae-Young , Jang Il-Young , Jin Youri , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Du Hwan , Kim In Jong , Kim Myung Chul , Kim Won , Lee Yun Jung , Lee In Seok , Lee In-Sik , Lee JungSoo , Lee Chang-Hyung , Lim Seong Hoon , Park Donghwi , Park Jung Hyun , Park Myungsook , Park Yongsoon , Ryu Ju Seok , Song Young Jin , Yang Seoyon , Yang Hee Seung , Yoo Ji Sung , Yoo Jun-il , Yoo Seung Don , Choi Kyoung Hyo , Lim Jae-Young
Published: June 2021

Objective The incidence of hip fractures is increasing worldwide with the aging population, causing a challenge to healthcare systems due to the associated morbidities and high risk of mortality. After hip fractures in frail geriatric patients, existing comorbidities worsen and new complications are prone to occur. Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for promoting physical function recovery and minimizing complications, which can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations are required to assist healthcare providers in making decisions on rehabilitation post-surgery. Clinical practice guidelines regarding rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapies) and management of comorbidities/complications in the postoperative phase of hip fractures have not been developed. This guideline aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for various treatment items required for proper recovery after hip fracture surgeries. Methods Reflecting the complex perspectives associated with rehabilitation post-hip surgeries, 15 key questions (KQs) reflecting the complex perspectives associated with post-hip surgery rehabilitation were categorized into four areas: multidisciplinary, rehabilitation, community-care, and comorbidities/complications. Relevant literature from four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) was searched for articles published up to February 2020. The evidence level and recommended grade were determined according to the grade of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation method. Results A multidisciplinary approach, progressive resistance exercises, and balance training are strongly recommended. Early ambulation, weigh-bearing exercises, activities of daily living training, community-level rehabilitation, management of comorbidities/complication prevention, and nutritional support were also suggested. This multidisciplinary approach reduced the total healthcare cost.Conclusion This guideline presents comprehensive recommendations for the rehabilitation of adult patients after hip fracture surgery.
Land in Liberia: The Initial Source of Antagonism Between Freed American Blacks and Indigenous Tribal People Remains the Cause of Intense Disputes
Authors: Gobewole Stephen H.
Published: June 2021

This study examines factors of land grabbing in Liberia, especially from tribal communities, due originally to different social expectations regarding land and contracts between indigenous people and settlers from America. In addition, land appropriation throughout the history of the Liberian nation is due largely to the Americo-Liberian oligarchy and public corruption. The study analyzes survey, empirical, and concession contracts data gathered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sustainable Development Institute, Government of Liberia, Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia, and United Nations Mission in Liberia. It then correlates associations between a number of concession companies, their land acreage under operation, county acreage, and incidence of land grabbing to demonstrate an increase in disputes during the early 2000s due to practices of corrupt public officials. This has resulted from the consistent implementation of inequitable land laws, which have perpetuated land transfer from tribal communities to mostly Americo-Liberian descendants and foreign concessionaires. This land appropriation has fostered public corruption, increased land related disputes, and raised the level of conflict in Liberian society.
Ondergronds bankieren; stand van de rechtspraak
Authors: Stahlie D.J. (Dorine) , de Zeeuw L.M. (Lisette)
Published: June 2021

Ondergronds bankieren; stand van de rechtspraak

De bijdrage bespreekt hoe ondergronds bankieren via de witwasbepalingen kan worden aangepakt. Hoe wordt in de rechtspraak invulling gegeven aan het juridisch kader nu ondergronds bankieren zowel met crimineel als legaal geld kan plaatsvinden? Daarnaast wordt aandacht besteed aan de mogelijkheden om ondergronds bankieren via de Wft, de Wwft en fiscale bepalingen aan te pakken.