bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prioritising research funding for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Australia
Authors: Grundy Emily A. C. , Kelly Lauren E. , Kneipp Erica , Clynes Lucy , Saeri Alexander K. , Bragge Peter
Published: November 2023

The Targeted Translation Research Accelerator program was created to address cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Australia. To maximise the impact of the considerable investment in this program, a structured prioritisation project was undertaken to determine the highest priority health and medical unmet needs in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The project was led by Monash University’s Behaviour Works Australia in collaboration with Australian National University, Research Australia, and MTPConnect. We conducted an online survey with 318 experts and community representatives to generate a ‘long list’ of unmet needs for (1) cardiovascular disease; (2) diabetes; and (3) interactions in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We then convened roundtables of clinical, research, and community leaders to discuss survey results. They prioritised unmet needs against six predefined criteria then discussed results. We present the final priority areas for funding. We demonstrate how a feasible, reproducible, and collaborative prioritisation methodology can be used when designing research funding programs. Such approaches can ensure that funding is directed towards projects that are valuable to the community and reflective of expert opinion.
Robustness of quantum spin Hall effect-inspired edge modes depending on C6 symmetry in topological diffusion systems
Authors: Funayama K. , Hirotani J. , Miura A. , Tanaka H.
Published: November 2023

We investigate the robustness of a quantum spin Hall effect-inspired topological edge modes in a thermal diffusion system consisting of honeycomb-shaped structures. The robustness of the edge modes deteriorates because of the contributions of C6 symmetry breaking, thus resulting in the appearance of a large gap at the band-crossing point in the decay rate spectra. An interaction between more than two boundaries also leads to poor robustness, whereas strong C6 symmetry breaking improves the robustness deteriorated by such boundary interactions. Our study provides a guide for designing a robust edge mode with a desired decay rate in topological diffusion systems.
Surface-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species at pyrite–water interface
Authors: Xian Haiyang , Yang Yiping , Zhu Jianxi , Lin Xiaoju , Liang Xiaoliang , Zhu Runliang , He Hongping
Published: November 2023

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pyrite–water interface is an important discovery for both early Earth’s and present environments in the past two decades. In these revealed reactions, pyrite can oxidize water to ROS and reduce O2 and ROS to water. However, the two types of reactions are controversial. The underlying physical theory responsible for the reactions has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we established a surface structure-dependent model of oxidation and reduction potentials (ORP) for semiconductors. Surface atomic structure-dependent electronic structures were adopted to estimate the ORP of pyrite. We apply this model to gain insights into the generation of ROS at the pyrite–water interface. The results demonstrate that the surface structure of pyrite controls its ORP, and ROS production can only occur on certain pyrite facets. The {210} and {111} facets with certain defects (e.g., 210-2S′ and 111-3S, respectively) could oxidize either H2O or OH− to O2, and ROS form during the oxidation of pyrite surfaces by O2. This suggests that surface effects play a crucial role in governing the ORP of semiconducting minerals. Accurately calculating surface ORP could potentially be used to better understand redox reactions and develop more efficient catalysts.
Design optimization of electromagnetic shielding and charging efficiency for electric vehicle wireless charging system
Authors: Dai Wenpan , Geng Ziyan , Ouyang Bo , Shen Yang
Published: November 2023

Electric vehicle (EV) technology is rapidly advancing, yet the wireless charging system for EVs still faces challenges in terms of insufficient charging efficiency and electromagnetic safety. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes a novel approach by integrating the double-ended charge-level capacitance charging model with a composite electromagnetic shielding scheme, resulting in the charge-level capacitance composite shielding charging model. Experimental verification confirms the effectiveness of the proposed composite electromagnetic shielding model, demonstrating superior shielding performance compared to conventional models. Furthermore, performance analysis of the suggested charge-level capacitance composite shielding charging model reveals a disk loss of 0.087 W, a transmission efficiency of 98.25%, and a magnetic induction strength of 9.09 T. Collectively, these comprehensive findings indicate that the proposed charging model offers enhanced charging performance and electromagnetic shielding capabilities, surpassing those of traditional models, and holds practical value for real-world implementation.
mRNA translation in astrocytes controls hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and memory
Authors: Sharma Vijendra , Oliveira Mauricio M. , Sood Rapita , Khlaifia Abdessattar , Lou Danning , Hooshmandi Mehdi , Hung Tzu-Yu , Mahmood Niaz , Reeves Maya , Ho-Tieng David , Cohen Noah , Cheng Po-chieh , Rahim Mir Munir A. , Prager-Khoutorsky Masha , Kaufman Randal J. , Rosenblum Kobi , Lacaille Jean-Claude , Khoutorsky Arkady , Klann Eric , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: November 2023

Activation of neuronal protein synthesis upon learning is critical for the formation of long-term memory. Here, we report that learning in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm engenders a decrease in eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2) phosphorylation in astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region, which promotes protein synthesis. Genetic reduction of eIF2α phosphorylation in hippocampal astrocytes enhanced contextual and spatial memory and lowered the threshold for the induction of long-lasting plasticity by modulating synaptic transmission. Thus, learning-induced dephosphorylation of eIF2α in astrocytes bolsters hippocampal synaptic plasticity and consolidation of long-term memories.
Nanoscale chemical imaging with structured X-ray illumination
Authors: Li Jizhou , Chen Si , Ratner Daniel , Blu Thierry , Pianetta Piero , Liu Yijin
Published: November 2023

High-resolution imaging with compositional and chemical sensitivity is crucial for a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Although synchrotron X-ray imaging through spectromicroscopy has been tremendously successful and broadly applied, it encounters challenges in achieving enhanced detection sensitivity, satisfactory spatial resolution, and high experimental throughput simultaneously. In this work, based on structured illumination, we develop a single-pixel X-ray imaging approach coupled with a generative image reconstruction model for mapping the compositional heterogeneity with nanoscale resolvability. This method integrates a full-field transmission X-ray microscope with an X-ray fluorescence detector and eliminates the need for nanoscale X-ray focusing and raster scanning. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by imaging a battery sample composed of mixed cathode materials and successfully retrieving the compositional variations of the imaged cathode particles. Bridging the gap between structural and chemical characterizations using X-rays, this technique opens up vast opportunities in the fields of biology, environmental, and materials science, especially for radiation-sensitive samples.
Systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults
Authors: Alobaidi Fatimah , Heidari Ellie , Sabbah Wael
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To systematically review longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of/multiple health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults. 
Materials and methods: Inclusion criteria were prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies; adults; multiple or cluster of behaviors; tooth loss, one or more tooth lost and complete tooth loss. Exclusion criteria were intervention studies; cross-sectional studies; case-control studies; children under 18 years-old; single behavior. Two reviewers searched three databases up to April 2023. Open Grey and Google Scholar were searched for grey literature. 
Results: Twelve longitudinal studies were included in this review. Nine studies had good quality, two had poor quality, and one had fair quality according to New-Castle-Ottawa Scale. According to ROBINS-E tool, nine studies were judged as moderate risk of bias while two studies were at low risk of bias and one study had serious risk of bias. One study assessed cluster of behavior, while others examined a number of separate health-related behaviors in relation to tooth loss. Meta-analysis was not feasible because of the high heterogeneity in exposure, measure of outcomes, covariates, sample size, and follow-up time. The research found an association between tooth loss and oral hygiene practices (two studies), dental attendance (four studies), smoking (six studies), and alcohol consumption (three studies). 
Conclusion: This review provides evidence of a longitudinal association between cluster of/multiple health related-behaviors and tooth loss.
Skyrmion motion under temperature gradient and application in logic devices
Authors: Raj Ravish Kumar , Bindal Namita , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

Under the presence of temperature gradient (TG) on a nanotrack, it is necessary to investigate the skyrmion dynamics in various magnetic systems under the combined effect of forces due to magnonic spin transfer torque

(
μ
S
T
T
)
,

thermal STT (

τ
S
T
T

), entropic difference

(
dS
)
,

as well as thermal induced dipolar field (DF). Hence, in this work, the dynamics of skyrmions in ferromagnets (FM), synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF), and antiferromagnets (AFM) have been studied under different TGs and damping constants (

α

G

). It is observed that

α

G

plays a major role in deciding the direction of skyrmion motion either towards the hotter or colder side in different magnetic structures. Later, FM skyrmion based logic device is proposed that consists of a cross-coupled nanotrack, where the skyrmions on horizontal and vertical nanotrack are controlled by exploiting TG and electrical STT (eSTT), respectively by taking the advantages of thermal induced skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). The proposed device performs AND and OR logic functionalities simultaneously, when the applied current density is

2
×

10
11

A

m

-
2

.

Moreover, the proposed device is also able to exhibit the half adder functionality by tuning the applied current density to

3
×

10
11

A

m

-
2

.

The total energy consumption for AND and OR logic operation and half adder are 33.63 fJ and 25.06 fJ, respectively. This paves the way for the development of energy-efficient logic devices with ultra-high storage density.
Flat foliation of the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter metric
Authors: Haidar Farrukh , Siddiqui Azad A
Published: November 2023

Hypersurfaces used to specify a foliation are required to satisfy some geometric property. This restriction provides a way to derive a differential equation satisfied by those hypersurfaces. In this paper, a complete foliation of the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter spacetime by flat spacelike hypersurfaces is provided. A simple procedure based on the fact that geodesics are orthogonal to such hypersurfaces is adopted. There is a barrier found for the hypersurfaces to reach r = ∞ . The Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter geometry is completely foliated by the analytic continuation of the hypersurfaces beyond the barrier.
Dynamics of 7Li breakup and its influence on elastic scattering: a study of 7Li + 144Sm system*
Authors: Morzabayev A. , Amangeldi N. , Ibraheem Awad A. , Soldatkhan D. , Yergaliuly G. , Mauyey B. , Orazalievna Anuar. A. , Hamada Sh.
Published: November 2023

The angular distributions of 7Li + 144Sm elastic scattering over the energy range of 21.6–52 MeV are reanalyzed utilizing various interaction potentials. The analysis aims to study the consistency of the implemented potentials in representing the considered data and investigate the cluster nature of the weakly bound 7Li projectile. This will aid in the better understanding the impacts of 7Li breakup on the elastic scattering channel. Strong coupling to the breakup channel has a substantial impact on the elastic data and reproduces a repulsive dynamical polarization potential, which drastically diminishes the real potential strength. This reported impact was simulated by introducing a semi-microscopic repulsive DPP and by implementing the method of continuum discretized coupled channels. The analysis was also extended to understand the impact of triton transfer on the elastic scattering data.
Analysis of Optical Character Recognition using EasyOCR under Image Degradation
Authors: Salehudin M.A.M. , Basah S.N. , Yazid H. , Basaruddin K.S. , Safar M.J.A. , Som M.H. Mat , Sidek K.A.
Published: November 2023

This project explores EasyOCR’s performance with Latin characters under image degradation. Variables like character-background intensity difference, Gaussian blur, and relative character size were tested. EasyOCR excels in distinguishing unique lowercase and uppercase characters but tends to favor uppercase for similar shapes like C, S, U, or Z. Results showed that high character-background intensity differences affected OCR output, with confidence scores ranging from 3 % to 80%. Higher differences caused confusion between characters like o and 0, or i and 1. Increased Gaussian blur hindered recognition but improved it for certain letters like v. Image size had a significant impact, with character detection failing as sizes decreased to 40% to 30% of the original. These findings provide insights into EasyOCR’s capabilities and limitations with Latin characters under image degradation.
Reinforcement Learning for Mobile Robot’s Environment Exploration
Authors: Teoh Sean W H , Kamarudin Kamarulzaman , Ali Nasr A N , Zainal Muhammad M M , Manan Mohd R , Mamduh Syed M
Published: November 2023

Mobile robots are being are being applied in various industries to perform repetitive or dangerous tasks for humans to carry out. Autonomous mobile robots are more capable than automated guided vehicles (AGV) due to their ability to be adaptable to their environment which is important for exploration of unknown environments. It is difficult to program autonomous mobile robots to adapt to various situations it may face, thus machine learning can be applied to allow a mobile robot to learn how to navigate through environments by itself. Reinforcement learning is applied in this project so that a differential drive mobile robot can learn how to navigate through its environment while avoiding collision with surrounding walls and obstacles. The reinforcement learning process is simulated by using the Robot Operating System (ROS) and its simulator Gazebo. Controlled simulation environments are created using Gazebo for the purposes of training and performance testing. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) will be applied to generate a map of the environment. At the end of this project, the Turtlebot3 is able to map smaller controlled environments ranging between 18m2 to 27m2 without colliding with the surrounding walls.
Automated Detection of Floating Wood Logs on River Surfaces using YOLOv5 Model for Flood Warning System
Authors: Donal O D , Kamarudin L M , Zakaria A , Azmi N
Published: November 2023

In Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, log transportation by rivers poses risks due to log fragmentation. This can obstruct water flow, causing navigation problems and flood risks during heavy rainfall. Current monitoring methods involve personnel at checkpoints but are slow. This project proposes an AI-based system using YOLO-v5 to detect intact logs and fragments on river surfaces. A dataset will be created by scraping websites and using Google Colab commands to download relevant keywords. Preprocessing includes data augmentation, contrast adjustment, noise reduction, and resolution standardization. The model is trained in Google Colab and integrated into a warning system using Thonny IDE. Performance metrics like precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrix are generated. By automating monitoring through AI, this project aims to improve safety and sustainability in Malaysian river log transportation.
A comparative study of dual cylinders and triangle bluff bodies for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Kazim M N F M , Zhe Y J , Harun Zambri , Nuawi M Z , Rasani M R , Rahman Y M N
Published: November 2023

The flow patterns behind tandem bluff bodies can be used to generate electricity in piezoelectric energy harvesters. The vortices and wakes that form behind the bluff bodies create a pressure differential, which can be used to deform a piezoelectric film. In this study, we investigated the performance of dual triangle and dual cylinder bluff bodies in tandem at varying Reynolds numbers, Re, and spacing ratios, D. We compared the flow patterns behind the two types of bluff bodies. Sixteen hot wire anemometers were placed at different locations to measure the velocity developed behind the dual bluff bodies in tandem. The results showed that the velocities behind the cylinder bluff bodies were initially higher than those behind the triangle bluff bodies at lower Re. This is because the cylinder bluff bodies create a more turbulent flow, which results in higher velocities at lower Re. The best distance between the two bluff bodies was 3D and 5D, where the output velocities were maximized at more than 12ms−1. However, for dual triangle, the velocities eventually became higher than those behind the cylinder bluff bodies at higher Re and lower separation ratios (1D and 2D). 3D was the best distance for triangle to produce a higher velocity pattern, and this was best observed when Re = 10k, which is the lowest inlet velocity set. The results of the experiments are expected to show that the dual triangle bluff bodies produce higher velocities than the dual triangle bluff bodies, which will lead to a higher amount of energy being harvested. The results show that the amount of energy harvested were increase with increasing Re and decreasing D. The information enhancement can be done with turbulence analysis which could lead to the development of more efficient and versatile piezoelectric energy harvester.
Control Algorithm for Two-Tank System using Multiparametric Programming
Authors: Zakaria A , Mid E C , Mohamed M F , Hussin M H M , Shaari A S , Ruslan E , Hadi D A , Masri M
Published: November 2023

The two-tank system consists of two connected tanks, where the goal is to control the liquid levels in both tanks by manipulating the inflow rates. This study proposes a control algorithm for a two-tank system based on multiparametric programming. In this work, the flow rate is determined using multiparametric programming. The simulation studies demonstrate the proposed work’s effectiveness by comparing its performance with and without noise. Results show accurate and robust regulation of liquid levels, minimizing control effort and making it suitable for systems with dynamic variations or parameter uncertainties. In conclusion, the implementation of multiparametric programming is able to estimate the value of the output for the control algorithm of the two-tank system.
Abnormal record of coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas Müller, 1785) in Subang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aini N K , Wardiatno Y , Mashar A , Effendi H
Published: November 2023

The xiphosurids are a typical chelicerae group with massive morphological, anatomical, biochemical, and ecological documentation. Despite this study, information about extant horseshoe crab abnormalities is underexplored, especially in the Indonesian region. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abnormal horseshoe crab in Subang, West Java. This research was conducted from January until February 2020 in Legon Wetan, Subang, West Java. Here, we only documented abnormalities of extant xiphosurids namely Tachypleus gigas. During the study, we greatly found extant abnormal xiphosurids by identifying 45 specimens with a wide range of abnormalities on the cephalothorax (prosoma), thoracetron (opisthosoma), telson, and appendages. The abnormal coastal horseshoe crab found also included adults (male and female) and juveniles ranging from 11.6 cm to 21 cm of carapace width. We note that the most common abnormal body parts are the cephalothorax and the thoracetron. Although the original cause may be unknown, the three main causes of the abnormality-inducing which are injuries such as self-injuries or fishing net injuries, physiologic developmental abnormalities or teratologies, and pathologies.
The effect of the abundance of venus clams (Gafrarium tumidum Röding, 1798) on sediment accretion in the sandy intertidal of Pari Island
Authors: Cintra A K A , Triana K , Firdaus M R , Ibrahim P S , Subandi R , Hernawan U E
Published: November 2023

Bivalves may play an ecological role as ecosystem engineers by changing sediment physical structure. As a filter/suspension feeder, they can produce biodeposits, and their burrowing activities can stir sediment. In this study, we investigated whether the abundance of Venus clam (Gafrarium tumidum Röding, 1798) influences sediment accretion in the sandy intertidal area of Pari Island, Indonesia. We created 18 plots consisting of nine defaunated and nine non-defaunated treatment plots. On each plot, 111-559 clams were deployed, and four pieces of one-inch PVC were planted randomly to see sediment elevation. Sediment accretion was measured by sediment elevation. Observations were carried out for seven months. At the end of the observations, clam abundances were 0-64 ind/m2 in the defaunated plots and 0-47 ind/m2 in the non-defaunated plots. The average sediment accretion in the defaunated plots was 0.98-3.3 cm, while in the non-defaunated plots was 1.95-4.43 cm. This study showed that the clam had no significant effect (p-value > 0.05) on sediment accretion in both plots as its abundance was insufficient to alter sediment. The sediment accretion occurred not caused by clam but by others such as sipuncula and physical oceanography factors in the research location.
Introduce invasive alien macrophytes species in Indonesia national priority lakes (study case: lake Rawa Pening, Sentarum, Tempe, Tondano, Sentani)
Authors: Kurniawan R , Ibrahim A , Prihatinningtyas E , Susanti E , Pratama TA
Published: November 2023

According to Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 60 of 2021, 15 lakes are classified as Indonesia’s national priority lakes. From 15 lakes, five of them are Tempe (South Sulawesi), Sentarum (West Kalimantan), Rawa Pening (Central Java), Tondano (North Sulawesi) and Sentani (Papua). Aquatic macrophytes are aquatic photosynthetic organisms that can be seen with the naked eye and actively grow periodically or permanently beneath, on, or above the water’s surface. The national priority lakes face upon invasive aquatic macrophytes. Therefore, their presence must be controlled. This research purposed to introduce invasive aquatic macrophytes in several of Indonesia’s national priority lakes. The aquatic macrophytes are recorded using a purposive sampling method with plots square (1x1 m2) and three replications. All aquatic macrophytes were documented, including species, family, population numbers, life forms and origin. The research from these five national priority lakes discovered a total of 10 families and 14 species of invasive aquatic macrophytes. The families were Pontederiaceea, Onagraceae, Polygonaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Araceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Schropulariaceae, Alismataceae, Salviniaceae, and Hydrocharitaceae. The invasive aquatic macrophytes such as Monochoria hastata, Eichhornia crassipes, Persicaria barbata, Ludwigia adscendens, Utricularia aurea, Ludwigia perennis, Pistia stratiotes, Ludwigia peruviana, Cyperus odoratus, Panicum repens, Bacopa floribunda, Limnocharis flava, Salvinia natans, and Hydrilla verticillata. The research result can be used as guidelines for good lakes management.
Yellowstripe scad fishery (Selaroides leptolepis) in FMA 712: a short review
Authors: Widiyastuti H , Pane A R P , Mardlijah S , Fauzi Moh , Zamroni A
Published: November 2023

Small pelagic fish caught with mini purse seines (MPS) in the Java Sea has been exploited for a long time and causes resource sustainability. Policies in preserving natural resources require scientific studies that can provide management options. This research was conducted from March to July 2017 at PPN Pekalongan by recording catches and measuring fork length (FL). The composition of the MPS catch showed that 64% were small pelagic and dominated by Goldstripe sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) 56.3%, Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) 19.3%, and the scads (Decapterus spp) 12.3%, other species with small numbers including Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) by 2.5%. This Yellowstripe scad has a length of between 4.5-18.5 cm FL (average of 10.86 cm FL). The estimated natural mortality (M) is less than the fishing mortality (F). The level of exploitation (E=0.70) indicates that it is overfishing. The management operations that need to be taken to preserve the yellowstripe scad are by regulating the fishing area, determining the size of the allowed MPS nets, and limiting MPS attempts in the Java Sea.
Formulating a revitalization strategy for a sustainable mangrove environment with natural and human resource management
Authors: Suswadi  , Irawan N C , Esthi R B , Sari E N
Published: November 2023

Damage to mangrove areas in Sayung District in the 1980s due to the conversion of mangrove forests into tiger shrimp ponds had a long-term impact. The problems that trigger the destruction of mangrove ecosystems are the loss of natural landscapes due to abrasion, accretion, and tidal flooding, as well as human, economic, and development activities. In recent years, the improper management of natural resources has begun to be realized, not only by local governments and stakeholders but also by the active awareness of the community. This study aims to develop a strategy for revitalizing the management and sustainability of mangrove ecosystem resources through a socio-ecological approach. The location selection method used a purposive method, while the sample selection used a simple random sampling method. Researchers using SWOT analysis will determine the formulation of the revitalization strategy. The cross-tabulation between internal and external factors results in aggressive strategic decisions and the horizontal integration of growth. The formulation of the revitalization strategy includes 1) The establishment of ecotourism and mangrove forest educational tourism; 2) the establishment of craft centers based on sustainable mangrove resources; 3) exhibition slots created by the community surrounding the mangrove ecosystem; 4) Natural product consumption in the private sector; 5) Ongoing promotion of coastal and river clean-ups in conjunction with community empowerment; 6) Seeds for pond fish, mini crabs, seaweed, and other aquatic life are available. 7) Traditional medicine based on mangrove germplasm; 8) Product marketing digitization to increase selling price and bargaining position; 9) Training in essential mangrove restoration; 10) Conservation and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems; 11) Tour guide training and modern education-promotion for the younger generation; 12) A labor-intensive program for the development and improvement of facilities and infrastructure; 13) Silvofishery training and implementation; 14) The establishment of a downstream business center and the incubation of the derivative service sector; 15) The formation of hygiene awareness groups and waste banks, as well as 16) Advanced training for unemployed human resources.
Economic valuation of ecosystem services trade-offs of tilapia cage culture farm and native capture fisheries in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia
Authors: Yuniarti I , Glenk K , Setiawan F , Novianti R
Published: November 2023

Research on the effects of cage aquaculture on native fish populations has revealed its negative and positive impacts. However, a separate analysis of its ecological and economic effects creates incomplete information for the decision-makers. Moreover, the inadequacy of time series data has caused challenges to knowledge-based decision-making in establishing new cage aquaculture sites, especially in low-middle income countries. We use the ecosystem services (ES) framework to analyse the synergy and trade-off of cage aquaculture to a native fish species, Gobiopterus sp. in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, as an effort to provide comprehensive information to support local decision-makers and to fill the information gap. We engaged some modelling techniques such as the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) validated with field survey data, Bayesian Networks (BN), and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) in this research. The results show that cage aquaculture provides habitat services for the species and temporary forgone fish production due to the accelerated sulfur upwelling. The economic value of habitat provision reached 74,500 IDR per year per cage or 1,128 million IDR per year in 2017. Further, the average value of the forgone benefit of fish production in the current cage aquaculture business extends from more than 550 million IDR per year in the dry season to almost 600 million IDR per year in the rainy season. The results indicate that the negative impacts of cage aquaculture on the native fish population outweigh its benefit. The recommendation for management actions includes applying alternative aquaculture techniques and other technological interventions.
Link between shark and human in Tanjung Luar, East Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sjafrie N D M , Oktaviyani S , Kurniawan W , Fahmi
Published: November 2023

The relationship between humans and sharks has existed for a long time, especially in shark utilization. Tanjung Luar is the largest shark and ray fishery in West Nusa Tenggara. The community’s dependence on shark and ray resources is very high in this location. This study aims to look closely at the performance of shark target fishing and utilization and to measure the acceptance of shark fishers to regulation. Data were collected in November 2021 using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and snowball techniques. There were 15 respondents: eight fishers who caught sharks, three collectors that bought whole sharks directly from the fishers, and four processors who processed shark bodies into products. The results showed that the most extensive fishing grounds were the Southern Nusa Tenggara (60%), followed by Kangean (20%), Sulawesi (13%, and Savu Sea (7%).) The fishing gear used is drift longlines, with an average fishing duration of 15 days. The largest catch is usually obtained from June to September. There are 21 shark-targeting vessels, five collectors, and several shark body processors. Sharks provide a protein source and livelihood. This study revealed the history behind shark fishing by Tanjung Luar community, shark utilizations and fishers’ responses to the local government regulation on shark fishing management.
Determinant factors of community’s production and behavior in disposing domestic waste into the rivers: Case study of Kampungsawah Village, Bogor Regency
Authors: Afifah D N , Taryono  , Kurniawan F
Published: November 2023

Humans and aquatic biota need river as a vital source of water. River is mostly polluted by residential waste along the river. The producer of domestic waste, which are the communities are dynamic. It is required to know the determinant factors of community’s production and behavior in disposing domestic waste into the river. The study located in Kampungsawah Village, Bogor Regency. The independent variables are education level, amount of family members, level of knowledge, demeanor, habits and awareness, accessibility of the facilities, and the interval from respondent’s house to the river. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression are used for the data analyzation. Domestic waste production is influenced by the amount of family members, level of knowledge, demeanor, habits and awareness. The community’s behavior tendency to dispose domestic waste into the river is influenced by the interval of the respondent’s house to the river. The reason of community to throw their domestic waste into the river is because it is closer, easier, and more practical. The combination of the factors that determine the amount of waste production and behavior are different for each household. The complex and comprehensive policies and management are needed, which may differ in each residential area.
Species preference for seagrass restoration using vertical distribution model in Tidung Island, Indonesia
Authors: Darus R F , Nugraha A H , Kurniawan F , Adrianto L , Romadhon A , Sjafrie N D , Triyono T
Published: November 2023

Tidung Island is one of the small inhabited islands and a tourist destination that allows the degradation of seagrass meadow and requires physical restoration using transplantation techniques. The seagrass species’ preference suitability needs to assess with this island for this case. This study aims to provide information on species that are possible to choose in seagrass transplantation based on their growth zones. The number of seagrass species, depths, and types of substrates was taken using seagrasswatch guideline by line transects along the coast to the reef slope with 10% plot intervals from the total length of the transect. Seagrass growth is divided into three zones: near the coast (back), middle, and near the reef slope (front). Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, and Thalassia hemprichii were found in almost all zones. Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, and Halodule uninervis were distributed in the middle to front zone, while Syringodium isoetifolium was only in the middle zone. These findings suggest that transplant areas with high anthropogenic disturbances can use Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii because they have the persistent trait. Meanwhile, the areas with low anthropogenic disturbance and low nutrients can use Halophila spp. and Halodule spp., because they can grow shoots and recover quickly.
Characterization and identification of extracellular polysaccharides-degrading enzymes (epes)-producing marine sediment bacteria
Authors: Bondar K G , Sibero M T , Yudiati E , Zilda D S , Murwani R
Published: November 2023

The utilization of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (EPEs) from bacteria has been increasing, therefore many studies are exploring new producers of EPEs. This study aimed to screen and identify the EPEs-producing marine sediment bacteria collected from Panjang Island, Jepara. A total of 11 bacteria were isolated from the sediment sample. Further, seven strains were selected to conduct further analysis, such as biochemical test and screening of enzyme activity. According to the calculation of enzyme activity index (EAI), it was noted that strain with given codes PP.K.15, PP.K.21, PP.K.6, and PP.K.20 demonstrated potential for carrageenase, alginate-lyase, amylase, and agarase. In addition, molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing discovered that PP.K.6 was identified as Basillus safensis, PP.K.11 as Sinomicrobium oceani, PP.K. 20 as Salinicola zeshunii, PP.K 15 and PP.K. 21 as Micrococcus luteus, and PP.K 22 as Qipengyuania flava.
Violation of Bell’s inequality for helical Mathieu–Gauss vector modes
Authors: Medina-Segura Edgar , Mecillas-Hernández Francisco I , Konrad Thomas , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Perez-Garcia Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Vector beams display varying polarisation over planes transversal to their direction of propagation. The variation of polarisation implies that the electric field cannot be expressed as a product of a spatial mode and its polarisation. This non-separability has been analysed for particular vector beams in terms of non–quantum entanglement between the spatial and the polarisation-degrees of freedom, and equivalently, with respect to the degree of polarisation of light. Here we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that Mathieu–Gauss vector modes violate a Bell-like inequality known as the Clauser–Horn–Shimony–Holt–Bell inequality. This demonstration provides new insights on the violation of Bell inequalities by a more general class of vector modes with elliptical symmetry.
From statistical physics to social sciences: the pitfalls of multi-disciplinarity
Authors: Bouchaud Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2023

This is the English version of my inaugural lecture at Collège de France in 2021. I reflect on the difficulty of multi-disciplinary research, which often hinges on unexpected epistemological and methodological differences, for example about the scientific status of models. What is the purpose of a model? What are we ultimately trying to establish: rigorous theorems or ad-hoc calculation recipes; absolute truth, or heuristic representations of the world? I argue that the main contribution of statistical physics to social and economic sciences is to make us realise that unexpected behaviour can emerge at the aggregate level, that isolated individuals would never experience. Crises, panics, opinion reversals, the spread of rumours or beliefs, fashion effects and the zeitgeist, but also the existence of money, lasting institutions, social norms and stable societies, must be understood in terms of collective belief and/or trust, self-sustained by interactions, or on the contrary, the rapid collapse of this belief or trust. The appendix contains my opening remarks to the workshop ‘More is Different’, as a tribute to Phil Anderson.
Older adults’ knowledge and perception of fall risk and prevention: a scoping review
Authors: Alfaro Hudak Katelin M , Adibah Nada , Cutroneo Erin , Liotta Madeleine , Sanghera Anmol , Weeks-Gariepy Tracy , Strunz Eric , Rein David B
Published: November 2023

Background

Falls are a leading cause of injury and mortality among older adults. While multiple strategies are effective at reducing fall risk, uptake is low. Understanding how older adults think about fall risk and prevention activities can inform outreach initiatives and engagement.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2015 and April 2023. Studies were eligible if they reported on knowledge or perception of fall risk and/or prevention among community-dwelling older adults.

Results

We included 53 studies from 20 different countries. Over half of the studies used qualitative methods, 19 used quantitative, and three used mixed methods. Most of the older adults could identify some fall risk factors and the consequences of falls. However, many older adults did not view themselves as at-risk for falls. Some older adults consider falls an inevitable part of ageing, while others believe that falls can be prevented. Cultural context may play a role in shaping these beliefs. Several studies reported on older adults’ experiences and the perceived barriers and facilitators of participating in fall prevention activities.

Conclusion

Improving the accuracy of older adults’ perceptions of their own fall risk and highlighting the fact that many falls are preventable are two key messages that may help motivate older adults to take action to prevent falls. Older adults cite their healthcare provider as a trusted source of prevention information, and clinicians can leverage this opportunity to inform and motivate older adult patients about fall prevention.
TaxaHFE: a machine learning approach to collapse microbiome datasets using taxonomic structure
Authors: Oliver Andrew , Kay Matthew , Lemay Danielle G
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Biologists increasingly turn to machine learning models not just to predict, but to explain. Feature reduction is a common approach to improve both the performance and interpretability of models. However, some biological datasets, such as microbiome data, are inherently organized in a taxonomy, but these hierarchical relationships are not leveraged during feature reduction. We sought to design a feature engineering algorithm to exploit relationships in hierarchically organized biological data.

Results

We designed an algorithm, called TaxaHFE, to collapse information-poor features into their higher taxonomic levels. We applied TaxaHFE to six previously published datasets and found, on average, a 90% reduction in the number of features (SD = 5.1%) compared to using the most complete taxonomy. Using machine learning to compare the most resolved taxonomic level (i.e. species) against TaxaHFE-preprocessed features, models based on TaxaHFE features achieved an average increase of 3.47% in receiver operator curve area under the curve. Compared to other hierarchical feature engineering implementations, TaxaHFE introduces the novel ability to consider both categorical and continuous response variables to inform the feature set collapse. Importantly, we find TaxaHFE’s ability to reduce hierarchically organized features to a more information-rich subset increases the interpretability of models.

Availability and implementation

TaxaHFE is available as a Docker image and as R code at https://github.com/aoliver44/taxaHFE.
Transcriptional landscape of macrophages in cutaneous graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Döbel Thomas , Schäkel Knut
Published: November 2023

We are submitting a comment on a study authored by: J. Strobel, L. M. Gail, L. Krecu, S. Madad, L. Kleissl, L. Unterluggauer, A. Redl, K. Brazdilova, S. Saluzzo, P. Wohlfarth, H. A. Knaus, M. Mitterbauer, W. Rabitsch, M. Haniffa and G. Stary, "Diverse macrophage populations contribute to distinct manifestations of human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease," British Journal of Dermatology, 2023.
Real-time guidance by deep learning of experienced operators to improve the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions
Authors: Sabo Sigbjorn , Pasdeloup David , Pettersen Hakon Neergaard , Smistad Erik , Østvik Andreas , Olaisen Sindre Hellum , Stølen Stian Bergseng , Grenne Bjørnar Leangen , Holte Espen , Lovstakken Lasse , Dalen Havard
Published: November 2023

Aims

Impaired standardization of echocardiograms may increase inter-operator variability. This study aimed to determine whether the real-time guidance of experienced sonographers by deep learning (DL) could improve the standardization of apical recordings.

Methods and results

Patients (n = 88) in sinus rhythm referred for echocardiography were included. All participants underwent three examinations, whereof two were performed by sonographers and the third by cardiologists. In the first study period (Period 1), the sonographers were instructed to provide echocardiograms for the analyses of the left ventricular function. Subsequently, after brief training, the DL guidance was used in Period 2 by the sonographer performing the second examination. View standardization was quantified retrospectively by a human expert as the primary endpoint and the DL algorithm as the secondary endpoint. All recordings were scored in rotation and tilt both separately and combined and were categorized as standardized or non-standardized. Sonographers using DL guidance had more standardized acquisitions for the combination of rotation and tilt than sonographers without guidance in both periods (all P ≤ 0.05) when evaluated by the human expert and DL [except for the apical two-chamber (A2C) view by DL evaluation]. When rotation and tilt were analysed individually, A2C and apical long-axis rotation and A2C tilt were significantly improved, and the others were numerically improved when evaluated by the echocardiography expert. Furthermore, all, except for A2C rotation, were significantly improved when evaluated by DL (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Real-time guidance by DL improved the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions by experienced sonographers. Future studies should evaluate the impact with respect to variability of measurements and when used by less-experienced operators.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT04580095
Income and food insecurity among SNAP recipients: a consideration of the SNAP benefit formula
Authors: Wei Min-Fang , Gundersen Craig
Published: November 2023

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has substantially reduced food insecurity in the USA, but almost half of the participants remain food insecure. We use the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the relationship between food insecurity and two components of benefit determination—gross income and deductions. For all SNAP recipients, in most specifications, gross income is inversely related to food insecurity, and deductions are positively correlated with food insecurity. When examining policy-relevant sub-categories, households with a senior or someone with a disability have positive associations between food insecurity and deductions, suggesting possible changes in benefit construction.
Exposing the small protein load of bacterial life
Authors: Simoens Laure , Fijalkowski Igor , Van Damme Petra
Published: November 2023

The ever-growing repertoire of genomic techniques continues to expand our understanding of the true diversity and richness of prokaryotic genomes. Riboproteogenomics laid the foundation for dynamic studies of previously overlooked genomic elements. Most strikingly, bacterial genomes were revealed to harbor robust repertoires of small open reading frames (sORFs) encoding a diverse and broadly expressed range of small proteins, or sORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs). In recent years, continuous efforts led to great improvements in the annotation and characterization of such proteins, yet many challenges remain to fully comprehend the pervasive nature of small proteins and their impact on bacterial biology. In this work, we review the recent developments in the dynamic field of bacterial genome reannotation, catalog the important biological roles carried out by small proteins and identify challenges obstructing the way to full understanding of these elusive proteins.
Construction of a high-density genetic map for yardlong bean and identification of ANT1 as a regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Wei , Meng Shan , Hui Linchong , Liu Xiaoqing , Chen Wei , Yan Wei , Chen Xin , Chen Huatao
Published: November 2023

Because its long, tender pods supply essential proteins, vitamins, and fibers to humans, yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) is a commonly consumed vegetable, especially in Southeast Asia. To provide insights into the genetic bases of key agricultural traits in yardlong bean, we here created a high-density bin-map with 2084 bin markers using 514 227 SNPs from a recombinant-inbred line (RIL) population. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out to identify loci associated with anthocyanin content (ANT), vitamin E content (VE), total soluble protein content (TSP), pod length (PL), hundred-seed weight (HSW), seed length and width (SL and SW, respectively), and seed coat color (SCC). In total, 20 related QTLs were isolated, explaining 7.58–56.03% of the phenotypic variation. Of these, five major QTLs (qANT5, qTSP11, qVE7, qPL3, and qSCC9) were detected in 2020, 2021, and the combined environment, explaining 11.96–56.03% of the phenotypic variation. VuANT1 was identified as a causal gene for the QTL qANT5, which regulated anthocyanin content; VuANT1 was highly expressed in immature purple pods but barely detectable in white pods. VuANT1 overexpression in tobacco leaves and yardlong bean hairy roots resulted in purple coloration as a result of anthocyanin accumulation. These findings suggested that VuANT1 was a key regulator of anthocyanin accumulation in yardlong bean. Our results lay a firm foundation for target agricultural trait improvement and clarification of the genetic mechanisms underlying agricultural traits in yardlong bean.