bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Broadband Photodetection with Geometry and Interface Engineered Nanocrystalline Graphite
Authors: Parmar Devang , Dehm Simone , Peyyety Naga Anirudh , Kumar Sandeep , Krupke Ralph
Published: November 2023

Photodetection across the near‐infrared (NIR) to short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectrum is important for many applications. This study explores photodetection using nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) in a suspended, narrow constriction configuration for improved performance. Bowtie constrictions are fabricated in both suspended and substrate‐supported NCG devices, allowing for accurate comparison. It shows that the suspended constriction enhances the bolometric photoresponse and sensor detectivity by several orders of magnitude compared to the substrate‐supported counterparts, attributed to reduced thermalization and electric field concentration. The suspended configuration preserves a spectrally flat photoresponse while reducing operating voltage through a tailored NCG layer thickness. Chromatic aberration‐corrected photocurrent spectroscopy is used to measure the photoresponse from 1100 to 1700 nm, and diffraction‐limited hyperspectral photocurrent imaging is conducted to measure the local photocurrent generation across the device. Bolometric and photo‐thermoelectric currents are restricted to the suspended central constriction due to electric field concentration and thermal decoupling and the direction of the photocurrents within the sensor is revealed. The experimental data is complemented by simulations of the light absorption and the electric field distribution. This work indicates the importance of geometry and thermal decoupling for boosting device performance, offering promising prospects for sensitive and low‐power NCG‐based photodetectors in the NIR‐SWIR range.
Targeting the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Alleviates Vascular Pathologies in Ischemic Retinopathy
Authors: Kim So‐Yeon , Yoon Nam Gu , Im Jin Young , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Juhee , Jeon Yujin , Choi Young Jae , Lee Jong‐Hwa , Uemura Akiyoshi , Park Dong Ho , Kang Byoung Heon
Published: November 2023

Activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) contributes to blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and pathological neovascularization responsible for vision loss in ischemic retinal diseases. During disease progression, mitochondrial biology is altered to adapt to the ischemic environment created by initial vascular dysfunction, but the mitochondrial adaptive mechanisms, which ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy, remain incompletely understood. In the present study, it is identified that expression of mitochondrial chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is essential for BRB breakdown and pathologic retinal neovascularization in mouse models mimicking ischemic retinopathies. Genetic Trap1 ablation or treatment with small molecule TRAP1 inhibitors, such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) and SB‐U015, alleviate retinal pathologies via proteolytic HIF1α degradation, which is mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and activation of calcium‐dependent protease calpain‐1. These findings suggest that TRAP1 can be a promising target for the development of new treatments against ischemic retinopathy, such as retinopathy of prematurity and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Ultrasensitive and High‐Resolution Protein Spatially Decoding Framework for Tumor Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Cheng Chi‐An , Hou Kuan‐Chu , Hsu Chen‐Wei , Chiang Li‐Chiao
Published: November 2023

Proteins localized on the surface or within the lumen of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play distinct roles in cancer progression. However, quantifying both populations of proteins within EVs has been hampered due to the limited sensitivity of the existing protein detection methods and inefficient EV isolation techniques. In this study, the eSimoa framework, an innovative approach enabling spatial decoding of EV protein biomarkers with unmatched sensitivity and specificity is presented. Using the luminal eSimoa pipeline, the absolute concentration of luminal RAS or KRASG12D proteins is released and measured, uncovering their prevalence in pancreatic tumor‐derived EVs. The pulldown eSimoa pipeline measured absolute protein concentrations from low‐abundance EV subpopulations. The eSimoa assays detected EVs in both PBS and plasma samples, confirming their applicability across diverse clinical sample types. Overall, the eSimoa framework offers a valuable tool to (1) detect EVs at concentrations as low as 105 EV mL−1 in plasma, (2) quantify absolute EV protein concentrations as low as fM, and (3) decode the spatial distribution of EV proteins. This study highlights the potential of eSimoa in identifying disease‐specific EV protein biomarkers in clinical samples with minimal pre‐purification, thereby driving advancements in clinical translation.
Self‐Assembly of Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters in Crowded Colloids into Ultra‐Long Ribbons with Tunable Supramolecular Chirality
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Liu Tong , Zhao Ting , Sun Di , Li Hongguang , Xing Pengyao , Xin Xia
Published: November 2023

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) emerge as fascinating synthons in self‐assembled materials. The self‐assembly of metal NCs are highly sensitive to the environment because they have an inorganic‐organic hybridized structure and a relatively complicated conformation. Here, it is shown that when confined in crowded colloids, a water‐soluble Ag9‐cored nanocluster (Ag9‐NC) can self‐ assemble into ultra‐long (up to millimeters) and photoluminescent ribbons with high flexibility. The ribbon contains rectangularly organized columns of Ag9‐NCs and can undergo secondary self‐assembly to form bundled and branched structures. Formation of ribbons is observed in all the tested colloids, including lyotropic liquid crystals and disordered, three‐dimensional network. The high viscosity/elasticity of the crowded colloids weakens gravity‐induced sedimentation of the ribbons, leading to the formation of an interesting class of inorganic‐organic composite materials where the hard Ag‐containing skeleton strengthens the soft matter. The simultaneously occurring symmetry breaking during the self‐assembly of Ag9‐NCs gives uncontrolled supramolecular chirality, which can be tuned through the majority rule and soldier‐and‐sergeant rule by the introduction of chiral seeds. The regulated chirality and the intrinsic photoluminescence of the Ag9‐NCs ribbons impart the composite material circularly polarized luminescence, opening the door for a variety of potential applications.
Molecular Vibrations in Chiral Europium Complexes Revealed by Near‐Infrared Raman Optical Activity
Authors: Wu Tao , Bouř Petr , Fujisawa Tomotsumi , Unno Masashi
Published: November 2023

Raman optical activity (ROA) is commonly measured with green light (532 nm) excitation. At this wavelength, however, Raman scattering of europium complexes is masked by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). This can be avoided using near‐infrared (near‐IR, 785 nm) laser excitation, as demonstrated here by Raman and ROA spectra of three chiral europium complexes derived from camphor. Since luminescence is strongly suppressed, many vibrational bands can be detected. They carry a wealth of structural information about the ligand and the metal core, and can be interpreted based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the spectra. For example, jointly with ROA experimental data, the simulations make it possible to determine absolute configuration of chiral lanthanide compounds in solution.
Versatile MXenes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Liu Huan , Xin Zijun , Cao Bin , Zhang Bao , Fan Hong Jin , Guo Shaojun
Published: November 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining popularity for their cost‐effectiveness, safety, and utilization of abundant resources. MXenes, which possess outstanding conductivity, controllable surface chemistry, and structural adaptability, are widely recognized as a highly versatile platform for AZIBs. MXenes offer a unique set of functions for AZIBs, yet their significance has not been systematically recognized and summarized. This review article provides an up‐to‐date overview of MXenes‐based electrode materials for AZIBs, with a focus on the unique functions of MXenes in these materials. The discussion starts with MXenes and their derivatives on the cathode side, where they serve as a 2D conductive substrate, 3D framework, flexible support, and coating layer. MXenes can act as both the active material and a precursor to the active material in the cathode. On the anode side, the functions of MXenes include active material host, zinc metal surface protection, electrolyte additive, and separator modification. The review also highlights technical challenges and key hurdles that MXenes currently face in AZIBs.
Separated Electron–Phonon and Phonon–Phonon Scatterings Across Interface in Thin Film LaCoO3/SrTiO3
Authors: Hao Wenjie , Gu Minghui , Tian Zhenyun , Fu Shaohua , Meng Meng , Zhang Hong , Guo Jiandong , Zhao Jimin
Published: November 2023

Electron–phonon coupling (EPC) and phonon–phonon scattering (PPS) are at the core of the microscopic physics mechanisms of vast quantum materials. However, to date, there are rarely reports that these two processes can be spatially separated, although they are usually temporally detached with different characteristic lifetimes. Here, by employing ultrafast spectroscopy to investigate the photo‐carrier ultrafast dynamics in a LaCoO3 thin film on a (100) SrTiO3 substrate, intriguing evidence is found that the two interactions are indeed spatially separated. The EPC mainly occurs in the thin film, whereas PPS is largely in the substrate, especially at the several atomic layers near the interface. Across‐interface penetration and decay of optical phonons into acoustic phonons thus naturally occur. An EPC strength λEg = 0.30 is also obtained and an acoustic phonon mode at 45.3 GHz is observed. The finding lays out a cornerstone for future quantum nano device designs.
Long Time CO2 Storage Under Ambient Conditions in Isolated Voids of a Porous Coordination Network Facilitated by the “Magic Door” Mechanism
Authors: Shimada Terumasa , Usov Pavel M. , Wada Yuki , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Watanabe Taku , Adachi Kiyohiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsumoto Takaya , Kawano Masaki
Published: November 2023

A coordination network containing isolated pores without interconnecting channels is prepared from a tetrahedral ligand and copper(I) iodide. Despite the lack of accessibility, CO2 is selectively adsorbed into these pores at 298 K and then retained for more than one week while exposed to the atmosphere. The CO2 adsorption energy and diffusion mechanism throughout the network are simulated using Matlantis, which helps to rationalize the experimental results. CO2 enters the isolated voids through transient channels, termed “magic doors”, which can momentarily appear within the structure. Once inside the voids, CO2 remains locked in limiting its escape. This mechanism is facilitated by the flexibility of organic ligands and the pivot motion of cluster units. In situ powder X‐ray diffraction revealed that the crystal structure change is negligible before and after CO2 capture, unlike gate‐opening coordination networks. The uncovered CO2 sorption and retention ability paves the way for the design of sorbents based on isolated voids.
Engineering design of direct‐air‐capture contactors composed of sorbent particles using numerical simulations
Authors: Borker Neeraj Sinai , Herdtle Thomas , Sauer Cory , Romdhane Ilyess Hadj , Pekurovsky Mikhail
Published: November 2023

We study the transport of CO2 molecules inside direct‐air‐capture (DAC) contactors made of packed beds of solid‐sorbent‐particles separated by airgaps using numerical solution of the convection‐diffusion and first‐order adsorption kinetics equations. We quantify an apparent slowdown in the CO2 uptake in such contactors relative to the CO2 uptake of a high‐capacity sorbent particle making the bed. We derive two naturally occurring length‐scales associated with the adsorption process: (1) thickness of the sorbent related to the sorbent chemistry (capacity and adsorption rate constants), packing density, and diffusion coefficient of CO2 inside bed; and (2) extent of the bed in the air‐flow direction related to convective air‐flow velocity, sorbent chemistry, packed bed thickness, and packing density. DAC designs that have a bed thickness of O() and streamwise extent O() are shown to have faster CO2 uptake and more economical capture costs ($/ton‐CO2) compared with designs further away from this design set‐point. Our work should provide guidance to engineering design of DAC contactors with packed bed sorbents and related porous materials.
Two novel heterozygous exonic deletions lead to Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome in a patient with congenital ichthyosis, sensorineural hearing loss, and liver dysfunction
Authors: Zoullas Sofia , Morel Dayna , Zafeer Faraz , Borjas‐Mendoza Paulo , Angeli Simon , Zhou Yi , Bademci Guney , Tekin Mustafa
Published: November 2023

Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by ichthyosis, sensorineural hearing loss, and hepatic dysfunction. We report on a 60‐year‐old female of Venezuelan descent who presented with congenital ichthyosis, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and liver cirrhosis. We identify a heterozygous copy number deletion involving exon 1 and another heterozygous deletion involving exon 3 of the ABHD5 gene. Exon 2 is preserved. Both deletions were confirmed with RT‐PCR. RNAseq from peripheral blood shows a reduction of ABHD5 expression overall and an absence of exon 3 expression, confirming the deleterious effects of the identified deletions. We present exonic deletions as a potentially common type of ABHD5 variation.
Fifty+ years of primate research illustrates complex drivers of abundance and increasing primate numbers
Authors: Chapman Colin A. , Gogarten Jan F. , Golooba Martin , Kalbitzer Urs , Omeja Patrick A. , Opito Emmanuel A. , Sarkar Dipto
Published: November 2023

Many primate populations are threatened by human actions and a central tool used for their protection is establishing protected areas. However, even if populations in such areas are protected from hunting and deforestation, they still may be threatened by factors such as climate change and its cascading impacts on habitat quality and disease dynamics. Here we provide a long‐term and geographically wide‐spread population assessment of the five common diurnal primates of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Over 7 year‐long or longer census efforts that spanned 52 years, our team walked 1466 km, and recorded 480 monkey groups. Populations were generally relatively stable with a few exceptions, for which no apparent causative factors could be identified. This stability is unexpected as many ecological changes documented over the last 34+ years (e.g., decreasing food abundance and quality) were predicted to have negative impacts. Populations of some species declined at some sites but increased at others. This highlights the need for large, protected areas so that declines in particular areas are countered by gains in others. Kibale has large areas of regenerating forest and this most recent survey revealed that after 20+ years, forest regeneration in many of these areas appears sufficient to sustain sizeable primate populations, except for blue monkeys that have not colonized these areas. Indeed, the average primate abundance in the regenerating forest was only 8.1% lower than in neighboring old‐growth forest. Thus, park‐wide primate abundance has likely increased, despite many pressures on the park having risen; however, some areas in the park remain to be assessed. Our study suggests that the restoration, patrolling, and community outreach efforts of the Uganda Wildlife Authority and their partners have contributed significantly to protecting the park and its animals.
Artificial intelligence as a teaching tool for gynaecological ultrasound: A systematic search and scoping review
Authors: Deslandes Alison , Avery Jodie , Chen Hsiang‐Ting , Leonardi Mathew , Condous George , Hull M. Louise
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the current application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the teaching of ultrasound skills as they pertain to gynaecological ultrasound.

Methods

A scoping review was performed. Eight databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and ACM digital library) were searched in December 2022 using predefined keywords. All types of publications were eligible for inclusion so long as they reported the use of an AI tool, included reference to or discussion of teaching or the improvement of ultrasound skills and pertained to gynaecological ultrasound. Conference abstracts and non‐English language papers which could not be adequately translated into English were excluded.

Results

The initial database search returned 481 articles. After screening against our inclusion and exclusion criteria, two were deemed to meet the inclusion criteria. Neither of the articles included reported original research (one systematic review and one review article). Neither of the included articles explicitly provided details of specific tools developed for the teaching of ultrasound skills for gynaecological imaging but highlighted similar applications within the field of obstetrics which could potentially be expanded.

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence can potentially assist in the training of sonographers and other ultrasound operators, including in the field of gynaecological ultrasound. This scoping review revealed however that to date, no original research has been published reporting the use or development of such a tool specifically for gynaecological ultrasound.
Enantioselective Synthesis of C−O Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by NHC‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Desymmetrization**
Authors: Shee Sayan , Shree Ranganathappa Sowmya , Gadhave Mahesh S. , Gogoi Romin , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: November 2023

Axially chiral diaryl ethers, a distinguished class of atropisomers possessing unique dual C−O axis, hold immense potential for diverse research domains. In contrast to the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of conventional single axis bearing atropisomers, the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral ethers containing flexible C−O axis remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the first N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral diaryl ethers via atroposelective esterification of dialdehyde‐containing diaryl ethers. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds via NHC‐catalyzed desymmetrization strategy to afford the corresponding axially chiral diaryl ether atropisomers in good yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The derivatization of the synthesized product expands the utility of present strategy via access to a library of C−O axially chiral compounds. The temperature dependency and preliminary investigations on the racemization barrier of C−O bonds are also presented.
Synthesis of fatty ester derived novel multifunctional additive and its performance evaluation in polyol base oil
Authors: Gupta Piyush , Akhtar Shoaib , Nisha  , Negi Ripudaman Singh , Porwal Suheel Kumar , Singh Raj Kumar
Published: November 2023

The organometallics like ZDDPs are widely used as multifunctional additives in lubricants for imparting antiwear, antioxidant, and corrosion inhibitor activity. Since it has toxic elements like P, Zn, and S so it is an environmentally toxic, non‐biodegradable, and ash‐forming additive. In automotive emissions, it also causes poisoning in catalytic converters. Due to environmental concerns, it is an issue of awareness to discover less toxic alternatives for these multifunctional additives despite their potent and economical properties. In this work, MO was reacted in a stoichiometric ratio with Tga, giving the intermediate compound MO‐Tga through thiol‐ene coupling. Subsequently, the reaction of MO‐Tga with PPA gave a novel multifunctional additive MO‐Tga‐PPA. The molecular characteristics and thermal stability of MO‐Tga‐PPA were studied using techniques like NMR, FTIR, and TGA. The additive was doped at various concentrations such as 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm in polyol to examine their antiwear, antifriction, antioxidant, and anticorrosion performance. It reveals the maximum reduction of 53.85% in the average COF and 25.51% in AWSD at 5000 ppm. The antioxidant activity shows a maximum free radicals inhibition of 97.9% at 3000 ppm using the DPPH. As far as the anticorrosion activity is concerned, the values for the penetration rate, corrosion rate, and weight loss were reduced to 0.015 mpy, 0.082 mdd, and 0.08 mg from the observed values of 0.114 mpy, 0.62 mdd, and 0.60 mg in polyol base oil was observed at 4000 ppm.
Di(p‐dibenzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) PdII Complex: A Weakly Hückel 38π‐Aromatic Macrocycle
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: November 2023

Di(p‐benzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex and tris(p‐benzi)[60]pentadecaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of α,α’‐diborylated tetrapyrrole BF2‐complex with 1,4‐diiodobenzene. Bis‐BF2 complex was converted to bis‐PdII complex via its free base. Macrocycles bis‐BF2 and tris‐BF2 complex take Möbius topology but are nonaromatic, since the macrocyclic conjugation is disrupted by the locally aromatic 1,4‐phenylene units. In contrast, bis‐PdII complex is a weakly Hückel 38π‐aromatic macrocycle as evinced by its red‐shifted, enhanced, and structured Q‐like bands and a small electrochemical HOMO‐LUMO gap. Interestingly, one 1,4‐pheylene part of bis‐PdII complex takes a quinonoidal distorted structure and the other takes a usual benzene structure in a figure‐eight conformation with Hückel topology.
Improved Vanadium Flow Battery Performance through a Pulsating Electrolyte Flow Regime
Authors: De Wolf Renée , Rossen Alana , De Rop Michiel , Arenas Luis Fernando , Breugelmans Tom , Hereijgers Jonas
Published: November 2023

The interest in flow batteries as energy storage devices is growing due to the rising share of intermittent renewable energy sources. In this work, the performance of a vanadium flow battery is improved, without altering the electrochemical cell, by applying a pulsating flow. This novel flow battery flow regime aims to enhance performance by improving its mass transfer properties. Both the pulse volume and frequency have an influence on the battery performance, and lead to a 38.7 % increase in accessible discharge capacity compared to the conventional steady flow regime at values of 0.40 cm3 and 2.4 Hz in this cell, respectively. Furthermore, at these parameter settings a reduction of the mass transfer resistance by 71.4 % is achieved at 0.2 cm3/min ⋅ cm2. These results show that a pulsating flow can be beneficial in certain conditions, opening new possibilities for boosting performance in flow batteries.
DNA
Authors: Mishra Dipika
Published: November 2023

This year marks 70 years since the discovery of DNA, and this poem “DNA” is an attempt to make the general audience aware of the basic features of this macromolecule.
Chromatographic analysis and antioxidant potency of the crude extract of Xanthium spinosum in various fractions
Authors: Barkatullah  , Shabana  , Nafees Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Pharmacology experts place a high priority on therapeutic plants because the majority of pharmaceutical firms rely on medicinal plants as raw ingredients. Therefore, the potential bioactive components using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and antioxidant effects using DPPH free radical scavenging activity of various crude fractions of Xanthium spinosum were assessed. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of various bioactive compounds including benzenedicarboxylic acid (18.60%), 8‐octadecenoic acid (4.86%), 11‐octadecenoic acid and 10‐octadecenoic acid in the crude methanolic extract, 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (14.42%), 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2‐ethylhexyl) ester (14.42%), 6‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.56%), 8‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.56%), 10‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.56%) and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (6.55%) in the n‐hexane extract, ethanal, 2‐methyl‐2‐[4‐(1‐methylethyl)phenyl]‐(3.02%), (+)‐3‐carene, 4‐isopropenyl‐(3.02%), 7H‐indeno[5,6‐b] furan‐7‐one, 4,4a,5,6,7a,8‐hexahydro‐ (3.02%) and 2‐[5‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐methylene‐cyclohexyl)‐3‐methyl‐pent‐2‐enyl]‐[1,4] benzoquinone (2.79%) in the chloroform extract and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2‐ethylhexyl) ester (33.005%), 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (33.005%) and bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (33.005%) in the ethyl acetate extract. Significant DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the chloroform fraction (43.37–88.65%) at all doses followed by the crude methanolic extract (36.02–83.75%) at all doses. In conclusion, different crude fractions of X. spinosum can be considered a rich source of pharmacologically active components that can be scoped for isolation and may be subjected to in‐depth pharmacological study.
When they are more than just employees: Environmentally conscious decision‐making in employee‐owned organizations
Authors: Yetim Mehmet A. , Gur Furkan A.
Published: November 2023

Promoting environmental sustainability may hold relevance for employee‐owned organizations since their employees prioritize the long‐term well‐being of the business as they influence and are influenced by the legacy of the organization. The integration of environmental consciousness into decision‐making has thus the potential to help align environmental and organizational sustainability objectives in these organizations. However, the literature lacks an explanation of how employee‐owned organizations make environmentally conscious decisions. In this study, we conducted interviews with top executives of employee‐owned organizations to explore how environmentally conscious decision‐making unfolds in the experiences of these managers. We find that transparency and delegation of authority serve as two key mechanisms that underlie environmentally conscious decision‐making in employee‐owned organizations. We also find three paths inspired by these mechanisms that employee‐owned organizations follow in making environmentally conscious decisions. We discuss the implications of these mechanisms and paths for research and practice.
Lay representations of populism: Discursive negotiation of naturalized social representation
Authors: Rovamo Helena , Sakki Inari
Published: November 2023

Despite the importance of naturalized representations for explaining, creating and recreating social reality, little empirical research has examined the resistance to and change in naturalized representations in talk. By approaching populism as a naturalized representation, this article examines the dialogical construction of populism in 55 Finnish lay interviews. Our analysis consists of two parts. First, we conduct a reflexive thematic analysis to identify the meanings of the naturalized representation of populism. Additionally, by relying on work in critical discursive psychology, we perform a more fine‐grained analysis to illustrate how the naturalized representation of populism is used in talk to construct social reality and intergroup boundaries. Second, by relying on critical discursive psychology, we illustrate the discursive strategies that allowed some of our interviewees to contest the naturalized representation of populism in talk. This study offers novel contributions to the existing literature on populism and social representations by analysing the meanings and functions of the term ‘populism’ in lay discourse, responding to the call to combine social representations theory and the discursive approach, and offering insights into the changes in naturalized representations. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Kueishanamides A and B from the Hydrothermal Vent Sediment Derived Streptomyces sp. WU20
Authors: Ge Yichao , Ma Yihan , Zhou Chengzeng , Zhang Zhixuan , Yin Qizhao , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zhang Zunjing , Wu Bin
Published: November 2023

Marine actinomycetes are known for their production of remarkable organic molecules, particularly those featuring polyoxygenated long‐chain backbones. Determining the absolute configurations of these compounds remains a challenging task even today. In this study, we successfully established the planar structures and absolute configurations of two highly flexible amide alkaloids from Streptomyces sp. WU20: kueishanamides A (1) and B (2). These compounds possess a C13 linear backbone and each contains five stereogenic carbon centers. Our approach involved a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods, including J‐based configurational analysis and VCD calculations, ensuring the unambiguous determination of their configurations. Kueishanamide A (1) and kueishanamide B (2) showed moderate antifungal activity against pathogenic fungus Crytococcus neoformans, with MIC values of 25 μg/mL each.
Enzyme‐Instructed Host‐Guest Assembly/Disassembly for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yan Hongzhe , Liu Xiaoyang , Ding Caifeng , Liang Gaolin
Published: November 2023

Compared with the normal assembly/disassembly approaches, enzyme‐instructed host‐guest assembly/disassembly strategies due to their superior biocompatibility and specificity for specific substrates, can more effectively and precisely release molecules at lesions for reflecting in vivo biological events. Specifically, due to the over‐expression of enzymes in specific tissues, the assembly/disassembly processes can directly occur on the pathological sites (or regions of interest), thus these enzyme‐instructed processes are widely and effectively used for disease treatment or precise bioimaging. Based on it, we introduce the concept and major strategies of enzyme‐instructed host‐guest assembly/disassembly, illustrate their importance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and review their advances in biomedical applications. Further, the challenges of these strategies in the clinic and future tendencies are also prospected.
Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum in an immunocompetent elderly patient: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Zahedi Khatere , Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa
Published: November 2023

Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp in children. It is an uncommon infection in adults and usually affects postmenopausal women and immunocompromised patients. We report an immunocompetent elderly female with inflammatory tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and review the literature for the past 5 years to describe the disease, its epidemiologic characteristics, dermatophyte species involved and treatment options used. The total number of cases was 11, including 8 women and 3 men, with an average age of 48.36. The most commonly isolated dermatophyte was Trichophyton tonsurans, and most cases were treated successfully with oral terbinafine with no side effects. In our case, the diagnosis was established by direct examination, culture and histological examination. Remedy with itraconazole and prednisolone was very successful. Early diagnosis of tinea capitis in adults is necessary to provide early treatment and minimize sequelae of the disease.
Exercise‐induced atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Deka Pallav , Mathison Caitlin , Abela George , Karve Milind
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Middle‐aged male athletes, with or without underlying coronary artery disease, exhibiting exercise induced blood pressure (BP) variability and diabetes can have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Assessment in athletes should include long‐term arrhythmia monitoring. In addition, it is important to exert patients beyond their calculated target heart rate (HR) during an exercise stress test to detect exercise‐induced AF. We suggest this strategy be specifically used for athletes with complaints of intermittent palpitation and chest pain. Referral to an electrophysiologist for a possible ablation procedure should be considered for the management of AF in athletes in whom the use of beta‐blockers may limit exercise tolerance. Bleeding risk with the use of oral anticoagulation needs to be adequately evaluated in athletes with AF who engage in high‐intensity exercise or activities.

The report highlights the case of a 54‐year‐old Caucasian male (height 5.11′, BMI 29.8) who presented with complaints of chest pain, mild coronary artery disease, palpitation, dizziness, and labile BP with high‐intensity biking exercise. Diagnostic tests (exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, Holter monitor, and Bardy patch) using standard procedure were unsuccessful at detecting the problem. In a repeat exercise stress test, the patient was exerted beyond the calculated HRmax (up to 117%) when the patient's heart rhythm flipped from sinus rhythm to AF. The patient was referred to a cardiac electrophysiologist and an ablation procedure was performed to prevent exercise‐induced AF with high‐intensity exercise. Young adults, with or without early coronary artery disease, performing high‐intensity endurance exercises may be at risk of developing exercise‐induced AF. This phenomenon is prevalent and well documented in the skiing population and patients with variance in BP during exercise. Endurance athletes tend to have a lower resting HR. As such, the use of standard rate‐control medications in patients with exercise‐induced AF may not be appropriate. Referral to a cardiac electrophysiologist and ablation procedures should be considered in this population for management and symptom control. If tolerated, especially in young adults with complaints of palpitation and chest pain, patients should be exerted beyond their calculated HRmax during an exercise stress test to diagnose an underlying condition of exercise‐induced AF.
Etoricoxib‐induced pleural effusion: A case report
Authors: Sah Bishal Kumar , Pradhan Ravi Ranjan , Shah Sangam , Gaurav Bishal
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Drug‐induced pleural effusion is extremely rare. It is the diagnosis of exclusion. This condition can be suspected if the patient has been exposed to a likely causative drug, develops new signs and symptoms, and has a remittance of these symptoms once the drug is withheld.

Etoricoxib has been a very popular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and is prescribed widely due to its fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Pleural effusion caused by etoricoxib is rarest among the side effects. Here, we report a case of a 45‐year‐old female with pleural effusion induced by etoricoxib.
A Conformationally Stable π‐Expanded X‐Type Double Helicene Comprising Dihydropyracylene Units with Multistage Redox Behavior
Authors: Bergner John , Borstelmann Jan , Cavinato Luca M. , Fuenzalida‐Werner Juan Pablo , Walla Christian , Hinrichs Heike , Schulze Philipp , Rominger Frank , Costa Rubén D. , Dreuw Andreas , Kivala Milan
Published: November 2023

A π‐expanded X‐type double [5]helicene comprising dihydropyracylene moieties was synthesized from commercially available acenaphthene. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed the unique highly twisted structure of the compound resulting in the occurrence of two enantiomers which were separated by chiral HPLC, owing to their high conformational stability. The compound shows strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands with small Stokes shift and considerable photoluminescence quantum yield and circular polarized luminescence response. The electrochemical studies revealed five facilitated reversible redox events, including three reductions and two oxidations, thus qualifying the compound as chiral multistage redox amphoter. The experimental findings are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory pointing towards increased spatial extension of the frontier molecular orbitals over the polycyclic framework and a considerably narrowed HOMO–LUMO gap.
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Reactions of Terminal Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Guo Qihang , Shen Xuzhong , Lu Zhan
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

α‐Olefins as aliphatic terminal alkenes could be obtained easily from numerous contemporary synthetic reactions as well as petrochemical industry, and also found in natural products. Compared to the alkenes attaching the directing groups or activating group, the catalytic asymmetric reaction of unactivated terminal alkenes presents great challenges due to the weak electron effect and small steric hindrance effect. This review mainly summarizes the latest progress of the asymmetric reaction of unactivated terminal olefins since 2016.

Key Scientists

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Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Phenanthridines with Chiral Boranes
Authors: Cui Guangyu , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The asymmetric hydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes provides an efficient method for the synthesis of optically active cyclic secondary amines. In this paper, we described an asymmetric hydrogenation of phenanthridines using a chiral mono‐alkene‐derived borane. A variety of dihydrophenanthridines were furnished in high yields with up to 93% ee. The current catalytic system was very sensitive for the steric hindrance of phenanthridines. Bulky substituents at one phenyl group of phenanthridines were required to obtain the high enantioselectivity. But large substituents on the carbon of the C=N bonds would diminish the reactivity sharply.
A scheduling algorithm based on critical factors for heterogeneous multicore processors
Authors: Li Chen , Lin Ziniu , Tian Lihua , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2023

As the development of chip manufacturing technology slows down, high‐performance processors often have high energy consumption and high heat generation. Therefore, heterogeneous multi‐core processors become more and more popular, and the heterogeneous multi‐core processors is adopted to execute programs. At present, the general program consists of multiple threads. To reach goals of accelerating program execution and reducing energy consumption and heat generation of system, a suitable thread scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous multi‐core processors is needed. In this article, a thread scheduling algorithm based on multiple critical scheduling factors is proposed. First, a prediction model of thread performance and energy consumption is used to predict the core sensitivity of threads. Then, critical threads are judged and accelerated by collecting the synchronization information between threads. Finally, the load balancing method based on the computing power of cores and the core sensitivity of threads is employed to perform system load balancing, which ensures the fairness of the scheduling. Several experiments are provided, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance of thread schedule.
Aquila optimizer with dynamic group strategy for global optimization tasks
Authors: Deng Bin
Published: November 2023

The Aquila optimizer (AO) is an efficient method for solving global optimization problems. However, the evolution of each individual learns from experience in the same group, which can easily fall into local optima. Therefore, this paper adopts the dynamic grouping strategy (DGS) of the population and proposes an improved AO algorithm to solve the global optimization problem. Different from the original AO algorithm, the DGSAO algorithm only evolves the individuals with the worst fitness in each group each time, which increases the diversity of the population. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested it on 23 benchmark functions, among which the dimensions of to are 30, 100, and 200 dimensions. The experimental results show that the DGSAO algorithm is an effective method for solving global optimization problems. At the same time, we also conduct experiments on two engineering design problems, and the results show that the DGSAO algorithm can obtain a competitive result.
Single‐Nucleus RNA‐Sequencing in Brain Tissue
Authors: Waag Rebecca , Bohacek Johannes
Published: November 2023

Neuroscience research greatly benefits from single‐cell sequencing technologies, which can reveal transcriptional alterations on a cellular level. However, preparing single‐cell suspensions is technically challenging, requires experience, and has several limitations that can influence the transcriptional readout. Performing sequencing of single nuclei instead of single cells alleviates several of the challenges of sample preparation and highlights acute nuclear transcription. Here, we provide a protocol to prepare a nuclei suspension for single‐nucleus RNA‐sequencing for cell type‐specific transcriptional profiling of brain tissue using the 10x Genomics single‐cell gene expression assay. Furthermore, we highlight important aspects to consider during experimental design and data analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of single‐nucleus suspension

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation and sequencing of single‐nucleus libraries for RNA‐seq
Purification of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs)
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Hein Nadine
Published: November 2023

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are primary fibroblasts purified from mouse embryos at a defined time post‐fertilization. MEFs have versatile applications, including use as feeder cell layers or sources of untransformed primary cells for a variety of biological assays. MEFs are most commonly isolated between embryonic day (E)12.5 and E13.5 but can be isolated from embryos as early as E8.5 and as late as E15.5. The individual embryos are harvested by carefully removing uterine tissue, yolk sac, and placenta. The embryos are euthanized, and non‐mesenchymal tissues, such as the fetal liver and heart, are removed before tissue homogenization. The remaining fetal tissue is homogenized by mechanical mincing using a sterile blade, followed by enzymatic digestion and resuspension. During tissue dissociation, the duration of trypsin‐EDTA/DNase digestion and enzyme concentration are critical parameters to produce high‐quality MEFs with the highest rates of cell viability and proliferation potential. MEFs can be cryopreserved at passage (P) 0 if >80% confluent, passaged for further expansion before freezing down, or directly utilized for downstream applications, i.e., preparation as feeder cell layers. Primary MEFs possess a limited proliferation capacity of ∼20 cell divisions, beyond which the percentage of senescent cells rapidly increases; thus, cultures should only be expanded/passaged to a maximum of P5. Critical for cell viability during cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs is the slow decrease in temperature when freezing, the rapid increase when thawing, the use of a cryoprotective agent, and an optimal cell density. While it is critical to generate high‐quality MEFs to standardize and optimize preparation procedures and utilize fresh reagents, some variability in proliferation capacity and cell viability between MEF preparations remains. Thus, MEF preparation, culture, and cryopreservation procedures are continuously being optimized. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Purification, passaging, and expansion of MEFs

Supporting Protocol: Cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs
Examining a theoretical model of eco‐anxiety on consumers' intentions towards green products
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Paço Arminda , Rocha Raysa Geaquinto , Palazzo Maria , Siano Alfonso
Published: November 2023

Given the current levels of pollution and global warming concerns, consumers started to be more and more involved with environmental issues, becoming more anxious regarding the state of natural resource depletion. Thus, this research aims to examine the concept of eco‐anxiety among consumers who are aware of the repercussions of the current environmental complexities, analysing how or to what extent it affects them, bearing in mind that individuals may tend to escape from stressful environmental issues. A conceptual model will be tested using data from consumers of two countries representing very different regions and socioeconomic contexts: India and Italy. An online self‐administered questionnaire was distributed in India and Italy between February and March 2022. Employing partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM), a sample of 557 individuals was collected (316 from India; 241 from Italy). The study examined the measurement model to assess validity and reliability, as well as the structural model to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that consumers of India and Italy tend to avoid thinking about environmental crises trying to normalise their plight. As observed, eco‐anxiety positively influences emotional dissonance, and escapism is positively related to this construct, but intentions to buy green products are found to be insignificant. Practical implications were drawn for policymakers and practitioners, indicating different orientations according to the region.
Does non‐compliance pay? Environmental violations and share prices in China
Authors: Xia Fan , Hua Yunxin , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2023

This study investigates how environmental penalties affect the share prices of Chinese listed companies. By linking the share prices of listed firms to the full administrative environmental penalty records from 2015 to 2020, market reactions to 3602 environmental violations measured by cumulative abnormal return (CAR) are studied. We find that after an environmental penalty, the share price of the violator would decline significantly, but with a small magnitude in general. Our results provide empirical evidence that companies are paying some extra costs in the stock market for their environmental noncompliance in China, especially for environmental penalties with large fines, business bans, or those issued by high‐level governments. Also, large, state‐owned, and key emission unit companies are found to be less affected.
Discovery of N‐(phenylsulfonyl)thiazole‐2‐carboxamides as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Jia‐Hao , Zhao Si‐Yu , Chang Yi‐Qun , Chen Qiu‐Xian , Wu Wen‐Fu , Jiao Shu‐Meng , Xiao Haichuan , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Jian‐Fu , Xu Jun , Sun Ping‐Hua
Published: November 2023

In a search for novel nonsugar α‐glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes treatment, a series of N‐(phenylsulfonyl)thiazole‐2‐carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were then evaluated. Several compounds with promising α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects were identified. Among these, compound W24 which shows low cytotoxicity and good α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 53.0 ± 7.7 μM, is more competitive compared with the commercially available drug acarbose (IC50 = 228.3 ± 9.2 μM). W24 was identified as a promising candidate in the development of α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation were also performed to reveal the binding pattern of the active compound to α‐glucosidase, and the binding free energy of the best compound W24 was 36.3403 ± 3.91 kcal/mol.