bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Europe
Authors: Fjær Erlend L. , Landet Erling R. , McNamara Courtney L. , Eikemo Terje A.
Published: April 2020

Background

While the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular in western societies, we do not understand why CAM use is more frequent in some countries than in others. The aim of this article is to examine the determinants of CAM use at the individual and country-level.

Methods

Logistic multilevel regressions were applied analyzing data from 33,371 respondents in 21 European countries (including Israel) from the seventh round of the European Social Survey. We examined CAM in terms of overall use and also dichotomized treatments into physical and consumable subgroups.

Results

At the individual level, we found CAM use to be associated with a range of socioeconomic, demographic and health indicators. At the country level, we found that countries’ health expenditures were positively related to the prevalence of overall and physical CAM treatments.

Conclusions

A common predictor for CAM use, both at the individual (in terms of education and financial strain) and country-level (in terms of health expenditures per capita), is greater resources.
Constructing fine-grained entity recognition corpora based on clinical records of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Yafei , Ye Ying
Published: April 2020

Background

In this study, we focus on building a fine-grained entity annotation corpus with the corresponding annotation guideline of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical records. Our aim is to provide a basis for the fine-grained corpus construction of TCM clinical records in future.

Methods

We developed a four-step approach that is suitable for the construction of TCM medical records in our corpus. First, we determined the entity types included in this study through sample annotation. Then, we drafted a fine-grained annotation guideline by summarizing the characteristics of the dataset and referring to some existing guidelines. We iteratively updated the guidelines until the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) exceeded a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.9. Comprehensive annotations were performed while keeping the IAA value above 0.9.

Results

We annotated the 10,197 clinical records in five rounds. Four entity categories involving 13 entity types were employed. The final fine-grained annotated entity corpus consists of 1104 entities and 67,799 tokens. The final IAAs are 0.936 on average (for three annotators), indicating that the fine-grained entity recognition corpus is of high quality.

Conclusions

These results will provide a foundation for future research on corpus construction and named entity recognition tasks in the TCM clinical domain.
Identifying no-harm incidents in home healthcare: a cohort study using trigger tool methodology
Authors: Lindblad Marléne , Unbeck Maria , Nilsson Lena , Schildmeijer Kristina , Ekstedt Mirjam
Published: April 2020

Background

Patient safety in home healthcare is largely unexplored. No-harm incidents may give valuable information about risk areas and system failures as a source for proactive patient safety work. We hypothesized that it would be feasible to retrospectively identify no-harm incidents and thus aimed to explore the cumulative incidence, preventability, types, and potential contributing causes of no-harm incidents that affected adult patients admitted to home healthcare.

Methods

A structured retrospective record review using a trigger tool designed for home healthcare. A random sample of 600 home healthcare records from ten different organizations across Sweden was reviewed.

Results

In the study, 40,735 days were reviewed. In all, 313 no-harm incidents affected 177 (29.5%) patients; of these, 198 (63.2%) no-harm incidents, in 127 (21.2%) patients, were considered preventable. The most common no-harm incident types were “fall without harm,” “deficiencies in medication management,” and “moderate pain.” The type “deficiencies in medication management” was deemed to have a preventability rate twice as high as those of “fall without harm” and “moderate pain.” The most common potential contributing cause was “deficiencies in nursing care and treatment, i.e., delayed, erroneous, omitted or incomplete treatment or care.”

Conclusion

This study suggests that it is feasible to identify no-harm incidents and potential contributing causes such as omission of care using record review with a trigger tool adapted to the context. No-harm incidents and potential contributing causes are valuable sources of knowledge for improving patient safety, as they highlight system failures and indicate risks before an adverse event reach the patient.
Factors contributing to post-stroke health care utilization and costs, secondary results from the life after stroke (LAST) study
Authors: Døhl Øystein , Halsteinli Vidar , Askim Torunn , Gunnes Mari , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Indredavik Bent , Langhammer Birgitta , Phan Ailan , Magnussen Jon
Published: April 2020

Background

The result from the Life After Stroke (LAST) study showed that an 18-month follow up program as part of the primary health care, did not improve maintenance of motor function for stroke survivors. In this study we evaluated whether the follow-up program could lead to a reduction in the use of health care compared to standard care. Furthermore, we analyse to what extent differences in health care costs for stroke patients could be explained by individual need factors (such as physical disability, cognitive impairment, age, gender and marital status), and we tested whether a generic health related quality of life (HRQoL) is able to predict the utilisation of health care services for patients post-stroke as well as more disease specific indexes.

Methods

The Last study was a multicentre, pragmatic, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Adults (age ≥ 18 years) with first-ever or recurrent stroke, community dwelling, with modified Rankin Scale < 5. The study included 380 persons recruited 10 to 16 weeks post-stroke, randomly assigned to individualized coaching for 18 months (n = 186) or standard care (n = 194). Individual need was measured by the Motor assessment scale (MAS), Barthel Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Gait speed. HRQoL was measured by EQ-5D-5 L. Health care costs were estimated for each person based on individual information of health care use. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyse cost differences between the groups and the relationship between individual costs and determinants of health care utilisation.

Results

There were higher total costs in the intervention group. MAS, Gait speed, HADS and mRS were significant identifiers of costs post-stroke, as was EQ-5D-5 L.

Conclusion

Long term, regular individualized coaching did not reduce health care costs compared to standard care. We found that MAS, Gait speed, HADS and mRS were significant predictors for future health care use. The generic EQ-5D-5 L performed equally well as the more detailed battery of outcome measures, suggesting that HRQoL measures may be a simple and efficient way of identifying patients in need of health care after stroke and targeting groups for interventions.

Trial registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.govNCT01467206. The trial was retrospectively registered after the first 6 participants were included.
Efficacy data of halogenated phenazine and quinoline agents and an NH125 analogue to veterinary mycoplasmas
Authors: Valentine-King Marissa A. , Cisneros Katherine , James Margaret O. , Huigens Robert W. , Brown Mary B.
Published: April 2020

Background

Mycoplasmas primarily cause respiratory or urogenital tract infections impacting avian, bovine, canine, caprine, murine, and reptilian hosts. In animal husbandry, mycoplasmas cause reduced feed-conversion, decreased egg production, arthritis, hypogalactia or agalactia, increased condemnations, culling, and mortality in some cases. Antibiotics reduce transmission and mitigate clinical signs; however, concerning levels of antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma gallisepticumandM. capricolumisolates exist. To address these issues, we evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of halogenated phenazine and quinoline compounds, anN-arylated NH125 analogue, and triclosan against six representative veterinary mycoplasmas via microbroth or agar dilution methods. Thereafter, we evaluated the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of efficacious drugs.

Results

We identified several compounds with MICs ≤25 μM againstM. pulmonis(n = 5),M. capricolum(n = 4),M. gallisepticum(n = 3),M. alligatoris(n = 3),M. agassizii(n = 2), andM. canis(n = 1). AnN-arylated NH125 analogue, compound 21, served as the most efficacious, having a MIC ≤25 μM against all mycoplasmas tested, followed by two quinolines, nitroxoline (compound 12) and compound 20, which were effective against four and three mycoplasma type strains, respectively. Nitroxoline exhibited bactericidal activity among all susceptible mycoplasmas, and compound 21 exhibited bactericidal activity when the MBC was able to be determined.

Conclusions

These findings highlight a number of promising agents from novel drug classes with potential applications to treat veterinary mycoplasma infections and present the opportunity to evaluate preliminary pharmacokinetic indices usingM. pulmonisin rodents as an animal model of human infection.
Absolute measurement of the tissue origins of cell-free DNA in the healthy state and following paracetamol overdose
Authors: Laurent Danny , Semple Fiona , Starkey Lewis Philip J. , Rose Elaine , Black Holly A. , Coe Jennifer , Forbes Stuart J. , Arends Mark J. , Dear James W. , Aitman Timothy J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Despite the emergence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a clinical biomarker in cancer, the tissue origins of cfDNA in healthy individuals have to date been inferred only by indirect and relative measurement methods, such as tissue-specific methylation and nucleosomal profiling.

Methods

We performed the first direct, absolute measurement of the tissue origins of cfDNA, using tissue-specific knockout mouse strains, in both healthy mice and following paracetamol (APAP) overdose. We then investigated the utility of total cfDNA and the percentage of liver-specific cfDNA as clinical biomarkers in patients presenting with APAP overdose.

Results

Analysis of cfDNA from healthy tissue-specific knockout mice showed that cfDNA originates predominantly from white and red blood cell lineages, with minor contribution from hepatocytes, and no detectable contribution from skeletal and cardiac muscle. Following APAP overdose in mice, total plasma cfDNA and the percentage fraction originating from hepatocytes increased by ~ 100 and ~ 19-fold respectively. Total cfDNA increased by an average of more than 236-fold in clinical samples from APAP overdose patients with biochemical evidence of liver injury, and 18-fold in patients without biochemically apparent liver injury. Measurement of liver-specific cfDNA, using droplet digital PCR and methylation analysis, revealed that the contribution of liver to cfDNA was increased by an average of 175-fold in APAP overdose patients with biochemically apparent liver injury compared to healthy subjects, but was not increased in overdose patients with normal liver function tests.

Conclusions

We present a novel method for measurement of the tissue origins of cfDNA in healthy and disease states and demonstrate the potential of cfDNA as a clinical biomarker in APAP overdose.
The preceding root system drives the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome
Authors: Zhou Yi , Coventry David R. , Gupta Vadakattu V. S. R. , Fuentes David , Merchant Andrew , Kaiser Brent N. , Li Jishun , Wei Yanli , Liu Huan , Wang Yayu , Gan Shuheng , Denton Matthew D.
Published: April 2020

Background

The soil environment is responsible for sustaining most terrestrial plant life, yet we know surprisingly little about the important functions carried out by diverse microbial communities in soil. Soil microbes that inhabit the channels of decaying root systems, the detritusphere, are likely to be essential for plant growth and health, as these channels are the preferred locations of new root growth. Understanding the microbial metagenome of the detritusphere, and how it responds to agricultural management such as crop rotations and soil tillage, is vital for improving global food production.

Results

This study establishes an in-depth soil microbial gene catalogue based on the living-decaying rhizosphere niches in a cropping soil. The detritusphere microbiome regulates the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome to a greater extent than plant type: rhizosphere microbiomes of wheat and chickpea were homogenous (65–87% similarity) in the presence of decaying root (DR) systems but were heterogeneous (3–24% similarity) where DR was disrupted by tillage. When the microbiomes of the rhizosphere and the detritusphere interact in the presence of DR, there is significant degradation of plant root exudates by the rhizosphere microbiome, and genes associated with membrane transporters, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are enriched.

Conclusions

The study describes the diversity and functional capacity of a high-quality soil microbial metagenome. The results demonstrate the contribution of the detritusphere microbiome in determining the metagenome of developing root systems. Modifications in root microbial function through soil management can ultimately govern plant health, productivity and food security.
Mat Pilates is as effective as aquatic aerobic exercise in treating women with fibromyalgia: a clinical, randomized and blind trial
Authors: de Medeiros Suzy Araújo , de Almeida Silva Hugo Jário , do Nascimento Rayssa Maria , da Silva Maia Jaely Beatriz , de Almeida Lins Caio Alano , de Souza Marcelo Cardoso
Published: April 2020

Background

The mat Pilates method is the therapeutic modalities which can be used in fibromyalgia treatment. Although there are no well-designed studies that prove the effectiveness of the mat Pilates method in this population. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates method for improving symptoms in women with fibromyalgia.

Methods

A single blind randomized controlled trial in which 42 women with fibromyalgia were randomized into two groups: mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercise. The exercises were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Two evaluations were performed: one at baseline (T0), and another at 12 weeks after randomization (T12). The primary outcome was pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were function (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), quality of life (Short Form 36 [SF-36]), fear avoidance (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [FABQ-BR]) and pain catastrophizing (Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale [PRCTS]).

Results

There was improvement in both groups in relation to pain and function (p < 0.05). The aspects related to quality of life and the FABQ questionnaire only showed improvement in the mat Pilates group (p < 0.05). There was improvement in the PSQI and PRCTS variables only in the aquatic aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the groups for any of the evaluated variables.

Conclusion

Significant improvements were observed in the two groups in relation to the disease symptoms, and no differences were observed between mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercise in any of the measured variables.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT03149198), May 11, 2017. Approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (Number: 2.116.314).
Australian Indigenous model of mental healthcare based on transdiagnostic cognitive–behavioural therapy co-designed with the Indigenous community: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Toombs Maree , Nasir Bushra , Kisely Steve , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas , Hides Leanne , Gill Neeraj , Beccaria Gavin , Brennan-Olsen Sharon , Butten Kayley , Nicholson Geoffrey
Published: April 2020

Background

A four- to seven-fold increase in the prevalence of current mood, anxiety, substance use and any mental disorders in Indigenous adults compared with non-Indigenous Australians has been reported. A lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder was 23.9%. High rates of comorbid mental disorders indicated a transdiagnostic approach to treatment might be most appropriate. The effectiveness of psychological treatment for Indigenous Australians and adjunct Indigenous spiritual and cultural healing has not previously been evaluated in controlled clinical trials.

Aims

This project aims to develop, deliver and evaluate the effectiveness of an Indigenous model of mental healthcare (IMMHC). Trial registration: ANZCTR Registration Number: ACTRN12618001746224 and World Health Organization Universal Trial Number: U1111-1222-5849.

Method

The IMMHC will be based on transdiagnostic cognitive–behaviour therapy co-designed with the Indigenous community to ensure it is socially and culturally appropriate for Indigenous Australians. The IMMHC will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial with 110 Indigenous adults diagnosed with a current diagnosis of depression. The primary outcome will be the severity of depression symptoms as determined by changes in Beck Depression Inventory-II score at 6 months post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include anxiety, substance use disorder and quality of life. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months post-intervention and 12 months post-intervention.

Results

The study design adheres to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement recommendations and CONSORT extensions for pilot trials. We followed the Standard Protocol Items for Randomised Trials statement recommendations in writing the trial protocol.

Conclusions

This study will likely benefit participants, as well as collaborating Aboriginal Medical Services and health organisations. The transdiagnostic IMMHC has the potential to have a substantial impact on health services delivery in the Indigenous health sector.
The hydrodynamic regime drives flow reversals in suction-feeding larval fishes during early ontogeny
Authors: Krishnan Krishnamoorthy , Nafi Asif Shahriar , Gurka Roi , Holzman Roi
Published: April 2020

Fish larvae are the smallest self-sustaining vertebrates. As such, they face multiple challenges that stem from their minute size, and from the hydrodynamic regime in which they dwell. This regime, of intermediate Reynolds numbers, was shown to affect the swimming of larval fish and impede their ability to capture prey. Prey capture is impeded because smaller larvae produce weaker suction flows, exerting weaker forces on the prey. Previous observations on feeding larvae also showed prey exiting the mouth after initially entering it (hereafter “in-and-out”), although the mechanism causing such failures had been unclear. In this study, we used numerical simulations to investigate the hydrodynamic mechanisms responsible for the failure to feed caused by this in-and-out prey movement. Detailed kinematics of the expanding mouth during prey capture by larval Sparus aurata were used to parameterize age-specific numerical models of the flows inside the mouth. These models revealed that for small larvae which expand their mouth slowly, fluid entering the mouth cavity is expelled through the mouth before it is closed, resulting in flow reversal at the orifice. This relative efflux of water through the mouth was >8% of the influx through the mouth for younger ages. However similar effluxes were found when we simulated slow strikes by larger fish. The simulations can explain the observations of larval fish failing to fish due to the in-and-out movement of the prey. These results further highlight the importance of transporting the prey from the gape deeper into the mouth cavity in determining suction-feeding success.
ClinEpiDB: an open-access clinical epidemiology database resource encouraging online exploration of complex studies
Authors: Ruhamyankaka Emmanuel , Brunk Brian P. , Dorsey Grant , Harb Omar S. , Helb Danica A. , Judkins John , Kissinger Jessica C. , Lindsay Brianna , Roos David S. , San Emmanuel James , Stoeckert Christian J. , Zheng Jie , Tomko Sheena Shah
Published: April 2020

The concept of open data has been gaining traction as a mechanism to increase data use, ensure that data are preserved over time, and accelerate discovery. While epidemiology data sets are increasingly deposited in databases and repositories, barriers to access still remain. ClinEpiDB was constructed as an open-access online resource for clinical and epidemiologic studies by leveraging the extensive web toolkit and infrastructure of the Eukaryotic Pathogen Database Resources (EuPathDB; a collection of databases covering 170+ eukaryotic pathogens, relevant related species, and select hosts) combined with a unified semantic web framework. Here we present an intuitive point-and-click website that allows users to visualize and subset data directly in the ClinEpiDB browser and immediately explore potential associations. Supporting study documentation aids contextualization, and data can be downloaded for advanced analyses. By facilitating access and interrogation of high-quality, large-scale data sets, ClinEpiDB aims to spur collaboration and discovery that improves global health.
High-performance concealment of defective pixel clusters in infrared imagers
Authors: Chen Yaohong , Kang Jin U. , Zhang Gaopeng , Cao Jianzhong , Xie Qingsheng , Kwan Chiman
Published: April 2020

Defective pixel concealment is a necessary procedure in infrared image processing and is widely used. However, current approaches are mainly focused on the concealment of isolated pixels and small defective pixel clusters. Consequently, these approaches cannot meet the requirements when applied to infrared detectors with large defective pixel clusters. In this paper, we present a novel and comprehensive approach to processing the image data acquired from infrared imagers with large and small defective pixel clusters. Our approach consists of preprocessing, coarse concealment, high dynamic range enhancement, and fine concealment by generative adversarial networks. Experiments using mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared images demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves better results than the best conventional approach, known as transforming image completion, with the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity metrics improved by 2.7063 dB (16.3%) and 0.1951 dB (34.1%), respectively.
Numerical Calculation Algorithm for the Model of a Reservoir Bank Transformation
Authors: Zhuravleva V.V. , Efremov I.A. , Marusin K.V.
Published: April 2020

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the developed numerical algorithm and the complex of simulation of reservoir bank transformation processes will help to understand what period of time will be needed for the retreat of the bank line inland to reach a given distance. The object of research is the Kachugin model that describes the reservoir bank transformation processes. The method is based on large experimental material and is recognized as the most reliable. The authors propose a developed numerical algorithm to modify this method and obtain the predicted profile of the reservoir bank line for a given period. It should be noted that usage of the simulation complex developed by the authors does not require high costs for obtaining data and calculating forecasts while considering a fairly large number of parameters and factors affecting the processes.

The following tasks are solved in the study: the processes and models of the reservoir bank transformation processes are studied; an algorithmic modification of numerical calculations by the Kachugin method is proposed; a software package for simulation is developed; testing and verification of the developed software package is conducted.
Nutritional Status of Reproductive Ethnic Woman Living in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: Influence of Socio-economic and Nutritional Factors
Authors: Sartaz Sadia , Kawser Mahbuba , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Islam Sheikh Nazrul
Published: April 2020

Aim
This cross-sectional study assessed the nutritional status of ethnic reproductive women aged between 15-40 years, comprising 85 lactating women (LW) and 86 non-pregnant-non-lactating women (NPNLW) who lived in various parts of three hilly districts (Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati) of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh.

Materials and Method
Research tool was pretested semi-structured questionnaire for this observational study. Anthropometric indices like weight, height and mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) were used in assessing the nutritional status.

Results
Most (44.4%) of the ethnic women were Marma, followed by Chakma (39.8%), Bam (8.2%) and Tripura (5.8%). No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in socio-economic variables between LW and NPNLW. Overall, mean age of the women was 28 (±7.2) years; mean family income was 18,822.2 (±3091) BDT and majority (86%-87%) were reported to be food secured throughout the year. Mean Dietary calorie (2631±798 kcal) intake of both groups were up to the mark according to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and most (80.3%-86%) of them also possessed good nutritional knowledge. However, no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in dietary calorie intake and nutritional knowledge score between two groups of women. Overall, most (68.4%) of the women had normal body max index (BMI kg/m2), 11.7% were found to be undernourished or thin and 19.9% were overweight. It was noticed that better nutritional status of LW and NPNLW were significantly associated with literacy (P<0.05), occupancy in household chores (P<0.05), better income (P<0.05), food security (P<0.05), recommended calorie intake level (P<0.05) and better nutritional knowledge score (P<0.05).

Conclusion
This study showed that vast majority of the ethnic reproductive women of CHTs are in better nutritional status with normal BMI (kg/m2) and daily calorie intake according to RDA. Most of them were food secured and their nutritional knowledge score was also up to the mark. Better socio-economic condition, nutritional knowledge and accurate calorie intake play a vital role in achieving healthy nutritional status of the two women groups of CHTs.
Estudo epidemiológico das infecções odontogênicas pediátricas em Maringá
Authors: CHRISTOFFOLI MARCELLY , FARAH GUSTAVO , FARAH IZABELLA , LUPPI CAROLINE , BACHESK ANDRESSA
Published: April 2020

Introdução: Infecções maxilofaciais em pacientes pediátricos são condições graves, caracterizadas pela disseminação do processo infeccioso aos tecidos adjacentes, com origem geralmente odontogênica. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi ava- liar dados referentes às causas, características e tratamento realizado em pacientes pediátricos com infecção maxilofacial atendidos por um serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial em Maringá/PR, no período de 2007 a 2017. Métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi a análise retrospectiva dos prontuários, com o auxílio de um formulário estruturado. O formulário da pesquisa considerou as variáveis ida- de, sexo, temperatura de admissão, dente acometido, duração da infecção, terapia e prognóstico. Resultados: Como resultados, observou-se uma pequena predileção pelo sexo masculino (52,2%); a idade média encontrada foi de 7,3 anos; os dentes mais acometidos foram os primeiros molares decíduos inferiores (#75 e #85); a etiologia mais comum foi o acometimento pulpar por cárie; a temperatura de admissão média foi de 37,9oC; e as infecções duraram, em média, 3 dias. Com relação à terapia aplicada, o antibiótico mais utilizado foi a Amoxicilina e a conduta foi a drenagem do abscesso e o tratamento endodôntico. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário o conhecimento acerca dessa temática pelo cirurgião-dentista, visto que os pacientes pediátricos se tornam sistemicamente afetados muito rapidamente.
The problems of teacher candidates’ and their psychological sympthoms
Authors: Bulut Sefa , Yıldırım Musa
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher candidates’ problems and psychological symptoms. The study also aimed at examining psychological symptoms in terms of problem area, gender and department variables. Participants consisted of 77 (63%) female and 44(36%) male sophomore students attending faculty of education. The sample composed of 55 (45%) guidance and psychological counseling students, 43 (35%) elementary school teacher students, and 23 (%19) computer and technology education students.

Symptom Check List (SCL-90), demographic form and a short problem screening survey were used in data collection. Data were analaysized with SPSS 22 package program. The results revealed that, teacher candidates’ scores in SCL 90’s subscales changed between 1.56 (obsessive compulsive) and (psychoticism). Additionally, teacher candidates most frequently experienced anxiety about the upcoming KPSS exam and future anxiety. Finally, psychological symptoms did not changed according to the gender, problem area, and departments variables. The findings were disused with in light of current and previous literature.

​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının problem alanlarını tespit etmek ve öğretmen adaylarının yaşadığı psikolojik belirtilerin problem alanı, cinsiyet ve bölüm değişkenine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir.   Katılımcıların 77(%63.6)’sini kadınlar 44(%36.4)’ünü erkekler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunun 55(%45.5)’i Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümünde, 43(%35.5)’ü Sınıf Öğretmenliği Bölümünde ve 23(%19)’ü Bilgisayar ve Öğrenim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Bölümünde öğrenim görmektedir.  Araştırmada ölçeme aracı olarak Belirti Tarama Listesi(SCL-90) ve Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programında değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular şu şekildedir; öğretmen adaylarının Belirti Tarama Listesinin(SCL-90) alt boyutlarından aldığı puanlar 1,56(OKB) ile .79(Psikotizm) arasında değişmektedir. Bunun yanında öğretmen adaylarının yaşadığı problem alanlarından KPSS kaygısının ve gelecek kaygısının frekansları diğer alanların frekanslarından daha yüksektir. Son olarak psikolojik belirtilerin; cinsiyet, problem alanı ve bölüm değişkenine göre farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular alan yazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Dydaktyka przeciwko dydaktyce
Authors: Oskar Szwabowski Oskar Szwabowski
Published: April 2020

The paper elaborates on the concept of the didactics of immanence. Relying on the discussion contained in a text entitled “Polityczność dydaktyki” (“Politicisation of Didactics”), it differentiates between two types of didactics, one related to transcendence and the other to immanence. Using the theoretical accomplishments of Deleuze and Lewis, the author creates a plan to build an educational machine of war.
Benchmark study of the performance of density functional theory for reduction potentials of vanadium compounds
Authors: Tussupbayev Samat , Kudaibergenova Gulnar
Published: April 2020

A systematic benchmark study was performed for the first time to investigate the performance of density functional theory for calculation of reduction potentials of vanadium compounds. Six density functionals of different types were selected for testing: local OLYP and M06L, global hybrid O3LYP and B3LYP, as well as, meta-hybrid functionals TPSSh and M06. Local and hybrid functionals with a relatively high contribution of Hartree-Fock exchange showed unsatisfactory results. In particular, the widely used hybrid functional B3LYP for the transformation VIII→VII occurring in the vanadium redox flow battery yields a negative value of the standard potential instead of a positive one. Among the tested functionals the smallest deviation from the experimental data provides the meta-hybrid functional TPSSh with a 10% contribution of the Hartree-Fock exchange. The computational protocol to calculate redox potentials of vanadium compounds is suggested.
First record of Tweedy’s Crab-eating Rat, Ichthyomys tweedii Anthony, 1921 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae), for Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez-Fernández José D. , Durán A. Francisco J. , Fernández-Vargas Marcela
Published: April 2020

Tweedy’s Crab-eating Rat, Ichthyomys tweedii Anthony, 1921, was described based on just a few specimens, and many aspects of its biology remains unclear. The species has only been previously reported to occur in two geographically disjunct areas in Panama and Ecuador. We report a new record of this species for southern Costa Rica. Our new record is the first for this species and the genus for Costa Rica, as well as the northernmost expression of the genus.
Aplicación De Herramientas De Modelado Molecular Par Evaluar Las Interacciones De Inhibidores De La Proteasa Ns2b/Ns3 Del Virus Del Dengue Tipo 2
Authors: RICARDO VIVAS REYES , DIAZ MURIEL , OROZCO JAVIER , VIVAS GOMEZ CATALINA , PEREZ GAMBOA ALFREDO
Published: April 2020

El Dengue es una enfermedad viral endemo-epidémica más importante en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad. La proteasa NS3 es un objetivo atractivo para el desarrollo de nuevos inhibidores antivirales y su estructura tridimensional ha sido determinada, pero los determinantes necesarios para la activación de la enzima por el cofactor NS2B solo han sido caracterizados en forma limitada. Quince compuestos que corresponden a una serie de inhibidores de la proteasa NS2B/NS3 del virus del dengue, con actividad inhibitoria in vitro comprobada, fueron sometidos a modelado molecular con docking y 3D-QSAR. Los péptidos que tienen sustituyentes más grandes en tamaño poseen actividades inhibitorias más altas que aquellos que no tienen grupos grandes. Se hacen recomendaciones de modificaciones estructurales derivadas del estudio 3D-QSAR para aumentar la actividad biológica de estos péptidos.
Business Intelligence and Visual Analytics-Based Strategy for disaster risk observatory development
Authors: Sánchez Torres Germán , Villamil Maria del pilar , Moreno Andres , Avendaño Eduard
Published: April 2020

Resumen

En este artículo, se presenta una estrategia para el desarrollo de observatorios de riesgo de desastres, integrando inteligencia empresarial y análisis visual. El análisis y la contextualización a nivel global se llevan a cabo desde la perspectiva de políticas, herramientas y literatura científica en el contexto de la reducción del riesgo de desastres. La estrategia integra la metodología Kimball para la construcción de proyectos de inteligencia empresarial (BI) y el marco de visualización de Tamara Munzner para fortalecer el proceso de toma de decisiones y hacerlo flexible y más rápido, satisfaciendo las necesidades de los usuarios empresariales. Considerar la gestión del riesgo de desastres como un proceso permite la identificación del punto de partida y los procesos que siguen, lo que resulta en un inicio rápido del ciclo de vida del proyecto. Además, incluir el marco de visualización, junto con la metodología de BI, facilita el desarrollo de herramientas de análisis para resolver los problemas del usuario final.
Genetic determinants of virulence and drug resistance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis — a causative agent of mycobacteriosis in humans
Authors: Starkova D. A. , Narvskaya O. V.
Published: April 2020

Among the members of the large group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (comprising more than 180 species), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is the most significant causative agent of pulmonary infection in immunocompetent individuals as well as disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts, e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Due to increased incidence rate of mycobacteriosis, especially in HIV infection, much still need to be learnt about the MAH genetic control and virulence mechanisms. Deciphering the genome contents of the M. avium strain 104 (isolated from an AIDS patient with disseminated MAH disease) allowed to compare genome sequences of M. avium strains to gain insights into genomic diversity associated with variable hosts and environments. Comparative genome analysis of MAH strains isolated from patients with pulmonary and disseminated forms of mycobacteri-osis revealed differences in the structure of the genome, affecting the key virulence genes. This review provides current data on the genetic determinants of MAH virulence associated with the initial phase of infection. Several mycobacterial virulence-associated gene families, such as mce (mammalian cell entry), mmp (mycobacterial membrane proteins), pe/ppe and esx expressed by MAH during human infection are thought to be crucial for adhesion, entry, survival, and reproduction inside host macrophages. The genetic mechanisms of MAH survival in human macrophage cell culture as well as mice exposed to toxic effects of reactive oxygen, nitric oxide, bactericidal proteins (cathelicidin) are discussed. The MAH survival in the latency-like state is important for pathogen dissemination. Some genetic and phenotypic features of MAH (absence of a cord factor, presence of plasmids, potential to “switch” morphological types of colonies) are compared with M. tuberculosis. In addition, we summarized current state of MAH drug discovery, a role of MAH intrinsic multidrug resistance, genetic control, as well as mechanisms underlying formation of resistance to various groups of antibiotics in MAH strains.
Relato de experiência sobre ampliação do acesso ao aborto legal por violência sexual no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Mudjalieb Amanda Almeida
Published: April 2020

Trata-se de relato de experiência desenvolvida na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SMS-RJ), para ampliar o número de maternidades municipais que atendem ao aborto legal por estupro. No Brasil, existem três permissivos legais para realização do aborto: risco à vida da gestante, estupro e anencefalia do feto. Diante da alta ocorrência de violência sexual contra as mulheres, os profissionais que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde precisam estar qualificados para este atendimento e potencial desfecho em aborto, caso seja esta a escolha da mulher. Apesar das normas e diretrizes, ainda existem barreiras importantes no acesso a este direito, sendo a alegação da objeção de consciência pelos profissionais um dos principais obstáculos enfrentados. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar uma metodologia de sensibilização de profissionais de saúde, para qualificar o atendimento às vítimas de violência sexual e ampliar o acesso ao aborto legal nas maternidades municipais. A metodologia contou com três etapas: oficina de trabalho, sensibilizações nas maternidades e monitoramento. Esta experiência foi acompanhada pelo aumento do número de maternidades que realizam o aborto legal por estupro, passando de duas unidades em 2016 para dez em 2019. Também fortaleceu diretrizes para melhoria no atendimento, como priorização dos casos no acolhimento e classificação de risco, oferta de atendimento multiprofissional e garantia da presença do acompanhante na internação. Fatores que favoreceram este trabalho foram: vontade política da gestão da SMS-RJ; aposta em ações descentralizadas de educação permanente; envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde.
Perfil dos prestadores de serviço em relação aos procedimentos de cuidado aos recém-nascidos de risco nas bases de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Costa Maria de Fatima dos Santos , Magluta Cynthia , Gomes Junior Saint Clair dos Santos
Published: April 2020

Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar o perfil dos prestadores de serviço do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em relação aos procedimentos de cuidado aos recém-nascidos de risco, valendo-se da base de dados não identificada de acesso público das Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar (AIH). Foi realizado um estudo transversal utilizando-se os dados das AIH não identificadas dos recém-nascidos com até 1 dia de vida, saídos entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2015, e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. O método TwoStep Cluster foi usado para classificar os estabelecimentos com características similares. Foram observadas diferenças regionais na frequência de uso das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal e nos procedimentos especiais registrados nas bases de dados. O método TwoStep Cluster identificou três agrupamentos de prestadores: o 1º com 1.151 estabelecimentos e com internações de baixa complexidade; o 2º com 84 estabelecimentos e internações de perfil cirúrgico; e o 3º com 393 estabelecimentos e internações de maior complexidade do cuidado neonatal, incluindo cirurgias. Os registros da internação, em conjunto com técnicas de análise multivariada, têm potencial para apoiar a tomada de decisão dos gestores do SUS na organização do cuidado neonatal.
Potentially toxic metals of vegetable gardens of urban schools in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Mafra Maria Sueli Heberle , Lunardi Willian Galdino , Siegloch Ana Emilia , Rech Ângela Fonseca , Rech Tássio Dresch , Campos Mari Lucia , Kempka Aniela Pinto , Werner Simone Silmara
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Urban environments are contaminated in many ways with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants as a result of anthropogenic activities, endangering human health and natural resources. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the soil contamination by cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 10 vegetable gardens of urban schools located near or on Botucatu sandstone outcrops of Guarani Aquifer in the urban areas of Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. In each garden, three soil samples at each position (in the soil immediately outside and the soil in the garden) were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm. The ISO 11466 method was used to extract the metals. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to quantify the elements and certified materials to evaluate the quantities (SRM 2709a - San Joaquin Soil - NIST). To evaluate the data, principal component analyses and cluster analyses were performed. The cluster analysis for the evaluated metals showed that the highest contents of elements were reported in three gardens. Values above the prevention value defined by resolution no. 420/2005 of the National Council for the Environment -Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) - were reported for cobalt in one garden and copper in three gardens; thus, these areas were categorized as Class III areas. Principal component analysis explained 74.7% of the data and showed the enrichment of some elements within gardens.
Immunomodulatory action of jacalin from Artocarpus integrifolia and mannoprotein from Saccharomyces uvarum on the humoral immunity of laying hens
Authors: Silva Marco Aurélio Chiara , Silva Miriele Caroline da , Pinheiro João Waine , Castro-Goméz Raul Jorge Hernan , Murakami Alice Eiko , Loyola Wagner , Venancio Emerson José
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Advances in the fields of glycobiology and immunology have provided many insights into the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions in the immune system. Jacalin of Artocarpus integrifolia (JCA) and structural mannoprotein of Saccharomyces uvarum (MPS) are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. JCA is an IgA human lectin binding molecule that causes the mitogenic stimulation of immune cells, production of cytokines, chemotaxis, and activation of leukocytes. Studies on the immunomodulatory properties of JCA and MPS in mammals and fish suggest that they have an action on antibody production. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible action of JCA and MPS on the production of specific antibodies in laying hens. For this, laying hens were inoculated with an intra abdominal injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) with either JCA (0.075 µg, 0.75 µg, and 7.5 µg) or MPS (20 µg and 100 µg). Levels of anti-SRBC antibodies of the IgY, IgM, and IgA classes were evaluated by ELISA. Results showed that JCA and MPS have immunomodulatory effects on levels of anti-SRBC IgM, IgA, and IgY. An immunostimulatory effect of JCA was observed in primary immune response on anti-SRBC IgY, while an inhibitory effect of JCA and MPS was observed in secondary immune response on the production of IgM and IgA anti-SRBC. These results suggested that MPS and JCA have immunomodulatory effects on antibody production and could be used in future studies on humoral immune response in poultry.
Parto domiciliar planejado no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática nacional
Authors: Cursino Thaís Peloggia , Benincasa Miria
Published: April 2020

Resumo O parto domiciliar planejado (PDP) tem crescido cada vez mais no Brasil, especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, frente à crescente insatisfação das mulheres com o sistema obstétrico hospitalar vigente. Estudos internacionais demonstram a segurança do PDP, porém a produção nacional ainda é limitada nesta área. Desta maneira, este estudo objetivou revisar a produção bibliográfica nacional acerca de parto domiciliar entre os anos de 2008 e 2018, a fim de compilar dados relacionados ao PDP no Brasil. Após levantamento, 18 estudos foram incluídos na revisão, sendo subdivididos nas seguintes categorias: “Desfechos maternos e neonatais dos PDP”, “Sentimentos, motivação e perfis associados à escolha pelo PDP”, “Percepção dos profissionais que atendem PDP” e “Abordagem teórica do PDP”. Concluiu-se que o PDP tem crescido entre parcelas privilegiadas da população, representando importante prática de exercício da autonomia da mulher em contraponto ao modelo obstétrico vigente, apresentando-se como alternativa segura de local de parto, com alto grau de satisfação para as mulheres e famílias. Este modelo de assistência, entretanto, apresenta-se como opção limitada, uma vez que o PDP não é oferecido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, ainda inacessível para a maioria das mulheres no país.
Educación para la salud y justicia social basada en el enfoque de las capacidades: Una oportunidad para el desarrollo de la salud pública
Authors: Villa-Vélez Lilliana
Published: April 2020

Resumen Se presenta una investigación teórica sobre la educación para la salud, la cual se propone desde una perspectiva emancipadora y constituye una oportunidad para promover la salud en las comunidades porque permite explicitar una concepción de justicia social. La visión de justicia social que se plantea en este artículo está centrada el enfoque de las capacidades que se entienden como un conjunto de oportunidades reales para que las personas tengan la vida que valoran. Este enfoque es pertinente para el trabajo en salud pública porque está centrado en el desarrollo humano, permite incorporar al sujeto en relación dialéctica con la sociedad y se enfoca en las oportunidades reales. Se consideran las diferencias entre las corrientes de salud pública para entender la justicia social y la relevancia de una concepción de salud que permita trascender el abordaje biomédico centrado en la enfermedad. Se reconoce la importancia de avanzar hacia un desarrollo pedagógico de la educación para la salud que supere la perspectiva de educación centrada en los cambios de comportamiento, para entenderla como un proceso social y político con base humanista emancipadora como oportunidad para la construcción de la salud pública.