bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Combined Sewer Systems on the Quality of Urban Streams: Frequency and Duration of Elevated Micropollutant Concentrations
Authors: Dittmer Ulrich , Bachmann-Machnik Anna , Launay Marie A.
Published: March 2020

Water quality in urban streams is highly influenced by emissions from WWTP and from sewer systems particularly by overflows from combined systems. During storm events, this causes random fluctuations in discharge and pollutant concentrations over a wide range. The aim of this study is an appraisal of the environmental impact of micropollutant loads emitted from combined sewer systems. For this purpose, high-resolution time series of river concentrations were generated by combining a detailed calibrated model of a sewer system with measured discharge of a small natural river to a virtual urban catchment. This river base flow represents the remains of the natural hydrological system in the urban catchment. River concentrations downstream of the outlets are simulated based on mixing ratios of base flow, WWTP effluent, and CSO discharge. The results show that the standard method of time proportional sampling of rivers does not capture the risk of critical stress on aquatic organisms. The ratio between average and peak concentrations and the duration of elevated concentrations strongly depends on the source and the properties of the particular substance. The design of sampling campaigns and evaluation of data should consider these characteristics and account for their effects.
Limnological Quality: Seasonality Assessment and Potential for Contamination of the Pindaré River Watershed, Pre-Amazon Region, Brazil
Authors: Muniz Jamilly N. , Duarte Klinger G. , Braga Fábio H. Ramos , Lima Neuriane S. , Silva Darlan F. , Firmo Wellyson C. A. , Batista Márcia R. V. , Silva Flor M. A. M. , Miranda Rita de C. M. , Silva Maria Raimunda C.
Published: March 2020

Watersheds are defined as a set of lands where water drainage occurs through rivers and their tributaries. A large quantity of water resources exist in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, where rivers and their basins must meet environmental quality standards defined by the limits set out in national environmental council (CONAMA) legislation 357/05 for physicochemical and microbiological parameters, including parasites. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to study the temporal and spatial variations in water quality of a segment of the Pindaré River. The data set included nine parameters for three sampling points over eleven months. Principal component analysis grouped the monitored sampling points into four clusters and identified electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, salinity, and Escherichia coli as being associated with the dry season and nitrite, nitrate, and turbidity as being associated with the rainy season. Three principal components explained 83.80% of the data variance during the rainy and dry seasons. The evaluated correlations indicated that during the rainy season, nitrite (~0.18 mg L−1) and turbidity (~46.00 NTU) levels were the highest, but pH was at its lowest (~6.61). During the dry season, TDS (~155.00 mg L−1) and pH (~8.10) were highest, and E. coli bacteria was more abundant.
Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Hwang Syewoon , Choi Soon-Kun , Cho Jaepil , Song Inhong , Song Jung-hun , Jeong Hanseok , Jang Taeil , Yoo Seung-Hwan
Published: March 2020

This research aims to assess the impact of climate change on water balance components in irrigated paddy cultivation. The APEX-Paddy model, which is the modified version of the APEX (Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender) model for paddy ecosystems, was used to evaluate the paddy water balance components considering future climate scenarios. The bias-corrected future projections of climate data from 29 GCMs (General Circulation Models) were applied to the APEX-Paddy model simulation. The study area (Jeonju station) forecasts generally show increasing patterns in rainfall, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature with a rate of up to 23%, 27%, and 45%, respectively. The hydrological simulations suggest over-proportional runoff–rainfall and under-proportional percolation and deep-percolation–rainfall relationships for the modeled climate scenarios. Climate change scenarios showed that the evapotranspiration amount was estimated to decrease compared to the baseline period (1976–2005). The evaporation was likely to increase by 0.12%, 2.21%, and 7.81% during the 2010s, 2040s, and 2070s, respectively under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)8.5, due to the increase in temperature. The change in evaporation was more pronounced in RCP8.5 than the RCP4.5 scenario. The transpiration is expected to reduce by 2.30% and 12.62% by the end of the century (the 2070s) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, due to increased CO2 concentration. The irrigation water demand is generally expected to increase over time in the future under both climate scenarios. Compared to the baseline, the most significant change is expected to increase in the 2040s by 3.21% under RCP8.5, while the lowest increase was found by 0.36% in 2010s under RCP4.5. The increment of irrigation does not show a significant difference; the rate of increase in the irrigation was found to be greater RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 except in the 2070s. The findings of this study can play a significant role as the basis for evaluating the vulnerability of rice production concerning water management against climate change.
Recharge–Discharge Relations of Groundwater in Volcanic Terrain of Semi-Humid Tropical Highlands of Ethiopia: The Case of Infranz Springs, in the Upper Blue Nile
Authors: Nigate Fenta , Van Camp Marc , Yenehun Alemu , Belay Ashebir Sewale , Walraevens Kristine
Published: March 2020

The major springs in the Infranz catchment are a significant source of water for Bahir Dar City and nearby villages, while sustaining the Infranz River and the downstream wetlands. The aim of the research was to understand the hydrogeological conditions of these high-discharge springs and the recharge–discharge relations in the Infranz catchment. The Infranz catchment is covered by highly pervious and young quaternary volcanic rocks, consisting of blocky, fractured, and strongly vesicular scoriaceous basalt. At the surface, these rocks crop out as lineaments forming ridges, delimiting closed depressions in which water accumulates during the rainy season without causing surface runoff. Geology and geomorphology thus combine to produce very favorable conditions for groundwater recharge. Three groundwater recharge methods were applied to estimate groundwater recharge and the results were compared. Groundwater recharge was calculated to be 30% to 51% of rainfall. Rapid replenishment raises the groundwater level during the rainfall period, followed by a rapid decline during the dry season. Shallow local flow paths discharge at seasonal springs and streams, while more regional and deeper flow systems downstream sustain the high-discharge springs and perennial Infranz River. The uptake of 75% of spring water for the water supply of Bahir Dar City, local extraction for domestic and small-scale irrigation use from springs, rivers and hand-dug wells, encroaching farming, and overgrazing are exacerbating wetland degradation.
Thermal Simulation of Rolled Concrete Dams: Influence of the Hydration Model and the Environmental Actions on the Thermal Field
Authors: Ponce-Farfán Cristian , Santillán David , Toledo Miguel Á.
Published: March 2020

Mathematical models for the simulation of the thermal evolution of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams during construction constitute an important tool for preventing excessive temperature rise, which may lead to cracking and losses of functionality. Here, we present a framework for the simulation of the thermal process. We define the boundary conditions of the problem using a careful description that incorporates the main heat exchange mechanisms. We adopt both a non-adiabatic and an adiabatic heat generation model for the simulation of the cement hydration. Our numerical framework lets us study the effect of the adopted heat generation model on the thermal field. Moreover, we study the influence of the weather conditions on the evolution of the hydration, and on the starting date of construction. Our simulations have shown that the hydration model has an important influence over the temperature field during the construction and the heat generation rate. Moreover, the hydration process and the temperature evolution are driven by the weather conditions. Once the next lift is cast, its thermal insulation effect makes the hydration take place under quasi-adiabatic conditions. As expected, dams built in cold months are prone to dissipate more heat than those built in warm seasons.
Modification of the MONERIS Nutrient Emission Model for a Lowland Country (Hungary) to Support River Basin Management Planning in the Danube River Basin
Authors: Jolánkai Zsolt , Kardos Máté Krisztián , Clement Adrienne
Published: March 2020

The contamination of waters with nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus originating from various diffuse and point sources, has become a worldwide issue in recent decades. Due to the complexity of the processes involved, watershed models are gaining an increasing role in their analysis. The goal set by the EU Water Framework Directive (to reach “good status” of all water bodies) requires spatially detailed information on the fate of contaminants. In this study, the watershed nutrient model MONERIS was applied to the Hungarian part of the Danube River Basin. The spatial resolution was 1078 water bodies (mean area of 86 km2); two subsequent 4 year periods (2009–2012 and 2013–2016) were modeled. Various elements/parameters of the model were adjusted and tested against surface and subsurface water quality measurements conducted all over the country, namely (i) the water balance equations (surface and subsurface runoff), (ii) the nitrogen retention parameters of the subsurface pathways (excluding tile drainage), (iii) the shallow groundwater phosphorus concentrations, and (iv) the surface water retention parameters. The study revealed that (i) digital-filter-based separation of surface and subsurface runoff yielded different values of these components, but this change did not influence nutrient loads significantly; (ii) shallow groundwater phosphorus concentrations in the sandy soils of Hungary differ from those of the MONERIS default values; (iii) a significant change of the phosphorus in-stream retention parameters was needed to approach measured in-stream phosphorus load values. Local emissions and pathways were analyzed and compared with previous model results.
Classification of Management Alternatives to Combat Reservoir Sedimentation
Authors: Morris Gregory
Published: March 2020

Sedimentation is steadily depleting reservoir capacity worldwide, threatening the reliability of water supplies, flood control, hydropower energy and other benefits that form the basis of today’s water-intensive society. The strategies available to combat reservoir sedimentation may be classed into four broad categories. Three proactive categories seek to improve the sediment balance across reservoirs by: (a) reducing sediment yield from the watershed, (b) routing sediment-laden flows around or through the storage pool, and (c) removing deposited sediment following deposition. The fourth category (d) consists of strategies that adapt to capacity loss, without addressing the sediment balance. Successful management will typically combine multiple strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive classification of both proactive and adaptive strategies, consistent with current international practice. Functional descriptions and examples are given for each strategy, and criteria are provided to differentiate between them when there is potential for ambiguity. The classification categories can be used as a checklist of strategies to consider in evaluating sediment management alternatives for new designs as well as remedial work at existing sediment-challenged reservoirs. This will also help practitioners to more clearly describe and communicate the nature of their management activities. Widespread application of both active and adaptive strategies is required to bring sedimentation under control to sustain benefits of water storage for today’s and future generations.
Stochastic Approaches to Deterministic Fluid Dynamics: A Selective Review
Authors: Cruzeiro Ana Bela
Published: March 2020

We present a stochastic Lagrangian view of fluid dynamics. The velocity solving the deterministic Navier–Stokes equation is regarded as a mean time derivative taken over stochastic Lagrangian paths and the equations of motion are critical points of an associated stochastic action functional involving the kinetic energy computed over random paths. Thus the deterministic Navier–Stokes equation is obtained via a variational principle. The pressure can be regarded as a Lagrange multiplier. The approach is based on Itô’s stochastic calculus. Different related probabilistic methods to study the Navier–Stokes equation are discussed. We also consider Navier–Stokes equations perturbed by random terms, which we derive by means of a variational principle.
Estimating 500-m Resolution Soil Moisture Using Sentinel-1 and Optical Data Synergy
Authors: Foucras Myriam , Zribi Mehrez , Albergel Clément , Baghdadi Nicolas , Calvet Jean-Christophe , Pellarin Thierry
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to estimate surface soil moisture at a spatial resolution of 500 m and a temporal resolution of at least 6 days, by combining remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 and optical data from Sentinel-2 and MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The proposed methodology is based on the change detection technique, applied to a series of measurements over a three-year period (2015 to 2018). The algorithm described here as “Soil Moisture Estimations from the Synergy of Sentinel-1 and optical sensors (SMES)” proposes different options, allowing information from vegetation densities and seasonal conditions to be taken into account. The output from this algorithm is a moisture index ranging between 0 and 1, with 0 corresponding to the driest soils and 1 to the wettest soils. This methodology has been tested at different test sites (South of France, Central Tunisia, Western Benin and Southwestern Niger), characterized by a wide range of different climatic conditions. The resulting surface soil moisture estimations are compared with in situ measurements and already existing satellite-derived soil moisture ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) products. They are found to be well correlated, for the African regions in particular (RMSE below 6 vol.%). This outcome indicates that the proposed algorithm can be used with confidence to estimate the surface soil moisture of a wide range of climatically different sites.
Permeability and Groundwater Enrichment Characteristics of the Loess-Paleosol Sequence in the Southern Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Shao Tianjie , Wang Ruojin , Xu Zhiping , Wei Peiru , Zhao Jingbo , Niu Junjie , Song Dianxing
Published: March 2020

To determine the permeability characteristics and the groundwater enrichment conditions of loess and paleosol layers, this article systematically investigated the permeability, magnetic susceptibility, porosity, and carbonate mass percentage of representative loess-paleosol layers (L1 to S5) on the Bailu tableland in the Chinese Loess Plateau south. The result of in situ permeability measurements showed that the average time to reach quasi-steady infiltration of loess layers is shorter than that of paleosol layers. In addition, loess layers have higher porosity and better water storage spaces than paleosol layers and were prone to form aquifers. Paleosol layers, on the contrary, are more likely to form aquitards. The difference between loess and paleosol in permeability, porosity and groundwater enrichment conditions is largely attributed to lower intensity pedogenesis of loess, which is in turn ascribed to the colder and drier palaeoclimatic conditions. It is worth mentioning that the CaCO3 concretion layer is a good aquifuge for its compact structure. Generally, the empirical formula of the Koctakob formula is applicable for describing the permeability rule of loess and paleosol layers, and the parameters of the empirical formulas can provide an important reference for hydrological and agricultural departments. In this regard, the Quaternary climatic change theory can contribute to the hydrogeology of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and the regional climatostratigraphy can be regarded as a baseline for local water resource positioning and revegetation in such a semi-arid area, which broadens the application field of Quaternary climatic change theory. Meanwhile, it also provides a reference path for solving water shortages of other loess distribution areas in China and other countries.
Comparative Assessment of Fluvial Suspended Sediment Concentration Analysis Methods
Authors: Pomázi Flóra , Baranya Sándor
Published: March 2020

The monitoring of fluvial suspended sediment transport plays an important role in the assessment of morphological processes, river habitats, or many social activities associated with river management. However, establishing and operating a well-functioning sediment monitoring system requires the involvement of advanced indirect methods. This study investigates the advantages and limitations of optical and acoustic devices, to quantify the uncertainties and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of the investigated indirect methods. The novelty of this study, compared to previous ones, is that four different indirect techniques are parallel tested, i.e., the laser diffraction based LISST-Portable|XR, an infrared based optical instrument, the VELP TB1 turbidimeter, the acoustic based LISST-ABS (Acoustical Backscatter Sensor) sensor, and a 1200 kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The calibration of all the indirect methods was performed based on more than 1000 samples taken from the Hungarian section of the Danube River within a wide suspended sediment concentration range. Implementing a comparative assessment of the different sediment analysis methods, a qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the applicability is provided. Furthermore, a proposal for an optimised sediment monitoring methodology is also suggested.
Changes in Potential Evaporation in the Years 1952–2018 in North-Western Poland in Terms of the Impact of Climatic Changes on Hydrological and Hydrochemical Conditions
Authors: Okoniewska Monika , Szumińska Danuta
Published: March 2020

The paper analyses changes in potential evaporation E0 (mm) in north-western Poland in the years 1952–2018. E0 (mm) has been calculated according to Ivanov’s formula based on the monthly values of air temperature (t, °C) and relative air humidity (f, %) for six weather stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The data were collected using the Statistica software ver. 13 and the QGIS software ver. 3.80. The results indicate statistically significant trends in the increase of E0 during the period 1952–2018, and that it is particularly high during the spring and summer months, which should be associated with a statistically significant increase in air temperature and a decrease in relative humidity at all examined stations. The results also indicate an exceptionally high increase in evaporation since the end of the 20th century and in the 21st century, which reflects a potentially higher risk of permanent changes in hydrological conditions. The research results point to the major role of climatic factors in the often-dramatic decreases in water resources observed in the 21st century, particularly in lakes and small watercourses. The progressing reduction of water resources may cause permanent changes in physical and chemical conditions in waterbodies.
Predicting Urban Waterlogging Risks by Regression Models and Internet Open-Data Sources
Authors: Tran Ducthien , Xu Dawei , Dang Vanha , Alwah Abdulfattah.A.Q.
Published: March 2020

In the context of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban waterlogging risks due to rainstorms are becoming more frequent and serious in developing countries. One of the most important means of solving this problem lies in elucidating the roles played by the spatial factors of urban surfaces that cause urban waterlogging, as well as in predicting urban waterlogging risks. We applied a regression model in ArcGIS with internet open-data sources to predict the probabilities of urban waterlogging risks in Hanoi, Vietnam, during the period 2012–2018 by considering six spatial factors of urban surfaces: population density (POP-Dens), road density (Road-Dens), distances from water bodies (DW-Dist), impervious surface percentage (ISP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and digital elevation model (DEM). The results show that the frequency of urban waterlogging occurrences is positively related to the first four factors but negatively related to NDVI, and DEM is not an important explanatory factor in the study area. The model achieved a good modeling effect and was able to explain the urban waterlogging risk with a confidence level of 67.6%. These results represent an important analytic step for urban development strategic planners in optimizing the spatial factors of urban surfaces to prevent and control urban waterlogging.
Quantitative Estimation of Soil Salinization in an Arid Region of the Keriya Oasis Based on Multidimensional Modeling
Authors: Kasim Nijat , Maihemuti Balati , Sawut Rukeya , Abliz Abdugheni , Dong Cui , Abdumutallip Munira
Published: March 2020

Soil salinity is one of the major factors causing land degradation and desertification on earth, especially its important damage to farming activities and land-use management in arid and semiarid regions. The salt-affected land is predominant in the Keriya River area of Northwestern China. Then, there is an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and economical monitoring in the salt-affected land. In this study, we used the electrical conductivity (EC) of 353 ground-truth measurements and predictive capability parameters of WorldView-2 (WV-2), such as satellite band reflectance and newly optimum spectral indices (OSI) based on two dimensional and three-dimensional data. The features of spectral bands were extracted and tested, and different new OSI and soil salinity indices using reflectance of wavebands were built, in which spectral data was pre-processed (based on First Derivative (R-FD), Second Derivative (R-SD), Square data (R-SQ), Reciprocal inverse (1/R), and Reciprocal First Derivative (1/R-FD)), utilizing the partial least-squares regression (PLSR) method to construct estimation models and mapping the regional soil-affected land. The results of this study are the following: (a) the new OSI had a higher relevance to EC than one-dimensional data, and (b) the cross-validation of established PLSR models indicated that the β-PLSR model based on the optimal three-band index with different process algorithm performed the best result with R2V = 0.79, Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEV) = 1.51 dS·m−1, and Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) = 2.01 and was used to map the soil salinity over the study site. The results of the study will be helpful for the study of salt-affected land monitoring and evaluation in similar environmental conditions.
Torque Ripple Reduction of DTC Based on an Analytical Model of PMSM
Authors: Zhong Zaimin , You Junming , Zhou Shuihua
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the torque ripple problem of direct torque control that is based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM-DTC) caused by the spatial harmonics and magnetic saturation characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a feedforward controller based on an analytical model of PMSM was designed. An analytical motor model taking the spatial harmonics and magnetic saturation characteristics of PMSM into account by reconstructing the numerical solution of magnetic co-energy (MCE) from finite element analysis (FEA) was proposed. Based on that, the optimal stator flux linkage that minimizes the torque ripple is calculated and then a feedforward controller is designed and added to the SVPWM-DTC framework. Simulations and experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed feedforward controller can effectively reduce the torque ripple of SVPWM-DTC.
АССОЦИАТИВНЫЕ СВЯЗИ ГЕНА ТИРЕОГЛОБУЛИНА С ПРОДУКТИВНЫМ ДОЛГОЛЕТИЕМ МОЛОЧНОГО СКОТА
Authors: YULMETEVA Yu.R. , SHAKIROV SH.K.
Published: March 2020

Изучен полиморфизм гена тиреоглобулина в ассоциации с продолжительностью хозяйственного использования и продуктивностью коров. Генетический профиль популяции по совокупности частот встречаемости аллелей локуса тиреоглобулина выглядит следующим образом выявлено большинство коров-носителей аллеля С в гомозиготном состоянии до 7 лактации, однако увеличение животных с гетерозиготным генотипом наблюдалось в подвыборках 8 и 9 лактаций. В целом по изученной популяции распределение полиморфных генотипов было: TG5CС 63,5, TG5CT 32,1, TG5ТT 4,4 частота встречаемости по аллелям равна: С 0,80, Т 0,20. С увеличением возраста лактации продуктивность различается у коров с разными полиморфными генотипами. У первотелок наибольшая продуктивность установлена у особей с генотипом TG5ТT, от которых надоено на 77 кг больше, чем от гетерозиготных. Однако в дальнейшем высокая продуктивность была характерна для коров с генотипом TG5СС и TG5СT. Средний возраст в лактациях по всему изученному поголовью составляет 2,7. В динамике возраста удой в изученном стаде животных повышался до 7 лактации, максимальные значения которого по ней составили 72947300 кг. Для повышения рентабельности производства молока необходимо принимать меры по повышению продуктивного долголетия.

Thyroglobulin gene polymorphism was studied in association with the duration of economic use and productivity of cows. The genetic profile of the population in terms of the frequency of occurrence of alleles of the thyroglobulin locus is as follows - the majority of cows carrying the C allele in a homozygous state up to 7 lactation were detected, however, an increase in animals with a heterozygous genotype was observed in subsamples of 8 and 9 lactations. In general, for the studied population, the distribution of polymorphic genotypes was: TG5CC - 63.5, TG5CT - 32.1, TG5TT - 4.4 the frequency of occurrence in alleles is: C - 0.80, T - 0.20. With increasing age of lactation, productivity differs in cows with different polymorphic genotypes. In heifers, the highest productivity was found in individuals with the TG5TT genotype, from which 77 kg more were fed than from heterozygous ones. However, in the future, high productivity was characteristic for cows with the genotypes TG5CC and TG5CT. The average age in lactations throughout the studied population is 2.7. In the dynamics of age, milk yield in the studied herd of animals increased to 7 lactation, the maximum values of which amounted to 7294-7300 kg. To increase the profitability of milk production, it is necessary to take measures to increase productive longevity.
Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete One-Way Slabs Cast with Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Altaee Malik , Khudair Jamal
Published: March 2020

This work deals with the effect of using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), on the structural behavior (flexure and shear) of reinforced concrete one-way slabs. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of limited studies concerning the behavior of recycled aggregate concrete one-way slabs subjected to line loading with significant replacement of conventional aggregates by recycled concrete aggregate (up to 75 %). Three replacement ratios were considered 25 %, 50 % and, 75 %. The mixes (with natural stone coarse aggregate, NCA) have an averaged compressive strength of (Fcu = 42 MPa) at the age of 28 days with a tolerance of (± 1.5 MPa). While, the mixes (with RCA) have an averaged compressive strength of (38.5, 36.5 and 34 MPa) for the three replacement ratios respectively, at the age of 28 days with a tolerance of (± 2 MPa). All the slabs were cast with length of (1600 mm), width of (600 mm), while the thickness was variable. For this purpose, sixteen reinforced concrete one-way slabs were cast and divided into five groups (G1 to G5). Different parameters that affect the behavior of one-way slabs were studied and include type of failure, replacement ratios of NCA by RCA, amount of main reinforcement, thickness and locations of line loadings along the span. Hardened concrete specimens results show that the compressive strength Fcu, tensile strength Ft, modulus of rupture Fr and modulus of elasticity E were decreased as the RCA replacement increased. The experimental results of slabs show that the ultimate capacity of slabs decreased as the RCA replacement increased, the deflection and strain increase as the RCA replacement increases and the crack width increases as the RCA replacement increases. From the results of ultimate capacity, cracking load and moment, deflections, crack width and pattern and concrete surface strains, it can be concluded that the recycled concrete aggregate can be used as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate to produce self-compacting concrete mixes. Also, the behavior of one way slabs cast with SCC containing RCA is acceptable.
EFFICACY OF ERCP WITH SPHINCTEROTOMY OR PAPILLARY BALLOON DILATION IN THE CBD STONES THERAPY
Authors: Tran Van Huy , Phan Trung Nam , Vinh Khanh , Le Minh Tan , Kenta Yamamoto , Trinh Dinh Hy
Published: March 2020

Background: Common bile duct (CBD) stone is the disease which leads to more severe complications than other cholelithiasis. The last 30 years have seen major developments in the management of CBD stone disease. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become a widely available and routine procedure. The effect of this therapy is affected by patient’s condition, number, size and site of CBD stone… Aim: To evaluate the results and complications of ERCP in common bile duct (CBD) stones. Patients/Methods: Between 9/2010 and 12/2013, 42 CBD stone patients were included. According to the protocol, we treated, followed up and assessed the success rate, complication rate of ERCP combine with oddi sphincterotomy or papillary ballon dilation. Results: The successful rate of biliary stone removal was 95.2%. The rate of complication was 9.5%. Pancreatitis is common complications (7.1%). Conclusion: ERCP combine with oddi sphincterotomy or papillary ballon dilation is an effective and relatively safe therapy for CBD stones. Keywords: common bile duct stone, ERCP, Biliary sphincterotomy.
INDICATIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND PANCREATICO – BILIARY DISEASES
Authors: Vinh Khanh , Tran Van Huy
Published: March 2020

The gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary diseases are very common in Vietnam and lead to severe complications. In the 1980s, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) was invented, and then rapidly EUS has become an useful diagnosis in gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary diseases. Most of scientific researches in the word has demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of EUS in diagnosis for gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary diseases. In addition, Endoscopic ultrasound therapy such as: Endoscopic ultrasound - Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA), Endoscopic ultrasound drainage and Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis/block were evaluated to have the highest specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis, treatment and follow up gastrointestinal and pancreatico-billiary diseases. Therefore, EUS has an important significance in development and completion of the EUS procedure in Vietnam. This new medical procedure is highly practicable in the gastrointestinal and pancreatico- biliary diagnosis in the early period. The aim of this review was to describe some current indications of EUS in gastrointestinal and pancreatico-billiary diseases.
A PILOT STUDY OF HER-2/NEU GENE AMPLIFICATION ASSESSED BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) IN GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Tran Van Huy , Ha Thi Minh Thi , Van Trung Nghia , Nguyen Viet Nhan , Le Phan Tuong Quynh , Le Tuan Linh , Doan Huu Nhat Binh , Dang Cong Thuan , Ho Huu Thien , Pham Nhu Hiep
Published: March 2020

Background: HER-2/neu is a predictive biomarker for treatment of gastric cancer using trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the status of HER-2/neu gene amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in gastric cancer. Patients and methods: thirty six gastric cancer patients were assessed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH using PathVysionTM HER-2 DNA Probe kit (including HER-2/neu probe and CEP-17 probe) with biopsy and surgical specimens. Results: The HER-2/neu gene amplification was observed in three cases (8.3%), the HER-2/neu gene amplification rate in Lauren’s intestinal-type and diffuse-type were 11.8% and 5.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We applied successfully FISH technique with gastric cancer tissue samples. This technique could be performed as routine test in gastric cancer in order to select patients that benefit from trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy.
FIRST STEP IN STUDY OF THE TREATMENT EFFECTS BY REMEDY “NHI TRAN THANG GIA GIAM” IN PATIENTS WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Vu Thi Huong Giang , Nguyen Thi Tan
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess the effects of treatment patients with dyslipidemia by remedy “Nhi tran thang gia giam”. Materials, subjects and methods: Use remedy “Nhi tran thang gia giam”, in form decoction, taking 2 times a day, on an empty stomach or before eating. Acute toxicity studies in mice. 26 patients ≥ 20 years of age inpatient or outpatient in Gia lai Traditional- Rehabilitation medicine hospital have diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Results: (i) Still have not founds LD50 of remedy “Nhi tran thang gia giam”. (ii) The highest percentages patients in middle age (45-59 age) (57.7%), and women are prevailed (50%). (iii) Patients had good results (A) and pretty results (B) in reducing Total Cholesterol level, Triglycerid level, increased HDL-C level accounted for the highest percentage for each group. (iv) After treatment, the average indices of liver function essessed by SGOT, SGPT and renal function measured by creatinine did not change. Conclusion: Patients have results of reduced triglycerides in highest rate of 88.5%; group A (34.6%), group B (23.1%). After treatment patients with reduced Total Cholesterol level accounting 50%; 34.6% in group A; 11.5% in group B and 84.6% in group D have Total Cholesterol < 6.2 mmol/l (within permissible limits). The rate of response to treatment, increase HDL-C is 65.4%; reducing LDL-C is 50%. Key words: “Nhi tran thang gia giam”, dyslipidemia, Triglycerid level, HDL-C
CHANGE OF SOME INDICATORS OF EYES BEFORE AND AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT PHACO CATARACT SENIORS IN HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Phan Thi Dieu Tram , Phan Van Nam
Published: March 2020

Objective: Phacoemulsification cataract surgery is the method applyied commonly and the first choice of Ophthalmologist. Materials and Method: We study comprised 49 eyes of 42 cataract patients for Phacoemulsification at Hue Hospital University from 5/2013 to 4/2014 with within 3 months after surgery. Result: 3 months after surgery, the visual acuity ≤ 4/10 accounted for 75,5%, corrected vision ≥ 4/10 accounted for 95,9%. The mean postoperative astigmatism was 1,02D ± 0,58, stable and does not change much compared to before surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 10,51mmHg ± 1,77 at 3 months postoperatively,the IOP was 3,9mmHg lower at 3 months than preoperative. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) increased by 1,0mm deeper than before surgery. Corneal refractive power increased 0,43D. Corneal radius of curvature decreased 0,11mm by 3 month postoperatively. Key words: Cataract, Phacoemulsification.
STUDY THE BIOCHEMICAL, VIRAL AND LIVER FIBROSIS RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AFTER 12 MONTH-TREATMENT BY ENTECAVIR
Authors: Nguyen Viet Thinh , Tran Van Huy
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Assessing the histological character liver fibrosis by transient hepatic elastography (TE) by Fibroscan has several advantages when compared with liver biopsy and can indicate repeatedly; therefore it can help us to follow up the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. This study is aimed at assessing the biochemical, viral and liver elasticity responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B after 12 months of entecavir treatment. Methods: Prospective, open, non-controlled study. 75 patients over 16 years old were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B and treated with Entecavir 0.5 mg orally 2 hours after meal during 12 months. Using Fibroscan to assess the liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR classification. Results: ALT decreased rapidly after 3 months of treatment. There were differences in ALT at baseline, compared with ALT at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.05). HBV-DNA responsed below detection thredsold is 32%, 54.7% and 84% after 3, 6, 12 months of treatment, respectively (p<0.05). The change in the Fibroscan value > 1KPa at 6 months was 53.3% after treatment, and this was lower than this proportion at 12 months (61.3%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Fibroscan may be used as a mean to monitor the responses to HBV treatment besides the biochemical and viral responses. Key words: Chronic B hepatitis, Entecavir, Elastography, Fibroscan
Factors Related to the Quality of Life in the Context of Deaf Sign Language Users in Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos Israel Bispo , Berberian Ana Paula , Massi Giselle , Tonocchi Rita , Marques Jair Mendes , Morais Everton , Guarinello Ana Cristina
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Deaf sign language users population often has been facing linguistic difficulties regarding to interacting with people who are not aware, who have not learnt about using sign language, such difficulties may have been revealing serious consequences to their social, emotional and also cognitive development.
Objective: This study has aimed to analyze the factors which may be associated with the best scoring of Quality of Life (QOL) in a group of deaf Brazilian sign language (Libras) users.
Methods: It is a quantitative study, whose data collection has been assessing using the WHOQOL-BREF scale and a sample profile questionnaire as well. Sixty (60) deaf Libras users, who has been living in Southern region of Brazil have participated. Statistical analysis was used by means of descriptive statistical methods and inference methods, considering the significance level of 0.05 (5%).
Results: Results have evidenced that total mean scoring in the WHOQOL-BREF was 43.3%. The domain with the highest scoring was Social Relationships (64.31%), and the lowest-scoring was Environment (54.77%).
Eﬀect of complex ﬂame retardant on physico-chemical properties of orthophthalic unsaturated resin
Authors: Yevtushenko Y. M. , Grigoriev Y. A. , Kuchkina I. O. , Afoshina E. V. , Krushevsky G. A.
Published: March 2020

A brief review of the results of studies on reducing the combustibility of composite materials based on unsaturated polyester resins is presented. A ﬂame retardant orthophthalic unsaturated resin based on a complex ﬂame retardant was developed and studied. It is shown that the category for resistance to burning of the resin is achieved with 15–20% ﬁlling of the complex ﬂame retardant based on ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol. The kinetics of curing and physical and mechanical properties of the composite material are evaluated.
Ultrasonic welding of artiﬁcial leather products with simultaneous surface embossing
Authors: Volkov S. S. , Kobernik N. V. , Pankratov A. S.
Published: March 2020

It has been established that artiﬁcial leathers based on polyvinyl chloride belong to the group of polymer materials which need ﬁnding optimal welding methods and techniques in each speciﬁc case.

The technology of ultrasonic welding with simultaneous embossing of the surface of artiﬁcial leather has been developed, which provides welded joints with high strength characteristics and a good appearance of embossing of the skin surface.
Calculation of compositions of dispersed-ﬁlled polymer composites with diﬀerent structures and properties
Authors: Simonov-Emelyanov I. D.
Published: March 2020

For the ﬁrst time, calculations of compositions of dispersion-ﬁlled polymer composites with given structure parameters are presented, which take into account the construction of an inﬁnite cluster, various types of lattices, the main parameters of lattices - coordination number (Z) and packing density (kуп) according to the De Gennes – Shklovsky model, as well as generalized parameters of structures (Θ), shape, size, maximum packaging (φm) and content of dispersed ﬁller (φн).

The dependencies and tabular data on the relationship of lattice parameters (Z, kуп) with the generalized parameter Θ (the proportion of the polymer matrix for the formation of a continuous interlayer between dispersed particles) of the composite structure are given, which determine the content of the ﬁller to create a dispersed structure with speciﬁed parameters and properties.
Infant Mortality in England, 1538-2000: Trends, Methods and Sources
Authors: Galley Chris
Published: March 2020

The infant mortality rate is considered to be one of the most important indicators of demographic well-being since infants are amongst the most vulnerable groups within society and their survival is influenced by a wide range of socioeconomic factors. This paper, the first of four, examines the trend in infant mortality over four centuries. It discusses the methods and sources needed to study infant mortality and it also establishes a framework whereby the various influences on infant mortality can be assessed.
There and Back
Authors: Maund Dave
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the migration history of the members of a single family, who moved between north Herefordshire and what is now the west Midlands conurbation. The research reported here makes use of oral history and diary evidence to describe the migration decisions made by members of the family, especially in the early and mid twentieth century. It elucidates the role of 'place' and the attraction to particular places in those decisions and provides a case study that exemplifies many of the migration processes which were characteristic of the population of England and Wales at that time.
Partial Replacement of Cement with Wood Ash & Fly Ash in Pavement Quality Concrete
Authors:   Dept. of Civil Engg., Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India., Rachamalla Sai Kiran , Shaheen* Fouzia ,   Dept. of Civil Engg., Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India, Palvadi Sai Avinash ,   Dept. of Civil Engg., Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India.
Published: March 2020

Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) is a special type of concrete which is used for construction of rigid pavements in dense traffic regions. In this type of PQC higher percentage of cement content is added when compared with conventional concrete, and it is mostly designed for high strength concrete M40 to M50 grade of concrete. Cement production leads to emission of greenhouse gases in vast amount, which made researchers to look for an substitute material to incorpotate with cement. The current experimental work is done to study the effect of wood ash and fly-ash mixed in concete as a partial replacement of cement. The replacement levels of wood ash and fly ash are taken equally as 10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement. In this mainly focused on Compressive strength and split tensile strength according to IS Codal provisions. Experimental test results revealed that the replacement of wood-ash and fly ash as a cementitious material in Pavement Quality Concrete will improve compressive and split- tensile strength of concrete.
A Conceptual Paper on Multi Scale Applications in Cloud Environment with Reference to Variety of Data
Authors:   Dept. of Comp. Sci., Indira College of Comm. & Sci. Pune, Pune, India., Kumbhar Vijaya , Yadav Dr. Jyoti ,   Dept. of Comp. Sci., Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India., Kumar Dr. Ajay ,   MCA Dept., JSPM’s Jaywant Technical Campus, Pune, India.
Published: March 2020

Developments in Cloud Computing has opened up new avenues for cutting – edge technology applications. It is the conventional technology that deploys the applications and services on internet servers instead of traditional servers. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) allows access to a variety of applications on the cloud commonly known as Multi-scale applications. Social and Professional media like Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, ResearchGate etc. have migrated to cloud. The terms scale and scalability in cloud environment has been used in different contexts. The applications can be scaled up or down based on the network traffic scenario, and has thus opened up a Pandora’s Box in new research and development of multi–scale cloud based applications. This conceptual paper attempts to review literature across various domains where the term multi-scale, scaling, cloud based application have been used and arrive at a reasonable, crisp, concise yet accurate definition of the term multi – scale and multi–scale cloud application. The term “Multi – Scale” is used in various fields referring to multiple scales applied to arrive at solutions to spatio-temporal problems. This conceptual paper attempts to associate a formal definition to the term “multi-scale cloud application” in the cloud computing world. The proposed definition of the said term is extremely relevant in the context of multi–scale applications developed in recent times.
Automatic Coconut Tree Climber with Expropriator
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India., Sethupathi* P. , Srinidhi E. ,   Student, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, Tamil Nadu, India., Raj K. R. Kousick ,   Student, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, Tamil Nadu, India., Youvasri M. R. D. ,   Student, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, Tamil Nadu, India., Karthikeyan D. ,   Student, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: March 2020

In this new era, modernization plays a key role. Many human tasks are now being replaced with innovations and robots. There is an urge to handle modern technology. Only a few are interested in climbing trees due to many disparities faced by hikers but demand high pay. This results in a tremendous demand for tree climbing manpower. There are different approaches available for the climbing of coconut trees, however, they require people to accompany the mechanical structure. The idea of a smart remote-controlled tree climbing mechanism is proposed to make the climbing process easier and convenient. Coconut tree climber is a machine used without human effort to climb coconut trees and harvest coconut. It consists of a hexagonal frame holding all the devices inside it and by adjusting the driver circuit, the complete structure can be driven up and down. This mechanical frame set-up is made of lightweight material. Gear motors are powered by the driver circuit wherein the battery supplies. The treewidth usually differs between 45 cm and 55 cm. By considering the tree structure the frame size is designed accordingly. Since width changes between trees, the mechanical frame is constructed with various diameters using spring mechanism. Grip wheels are used to produce friction. Gear motors are used which produces small quantity of regeneration. The battery can store this energy and reuse it. The Robotic arm is placed on the mechanical frame to pick the coconut without any crew from the tree. The machine's cost is about ₹ 20k. This automated remotecontrolled coconut climber is supposed to be very obligatory for farmers.