bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect Resin Onlay Cemented with Self-adhesive Resin Cement: A Comprehensive Clinical Overview
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Saad José Roberto Cury , Barros Erico Damasceno , Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , de Sousa Queiroz Rejane Christine
Published: October 2012

Advances in adhesive technology and esthetic dental materials have permitted clinicians to perform conservative preparation of the dentition for onlay restorations. Indirect resin onlays are a great alternative to dental crowns for reestablishment the function and esthetic in teeth with great destruction.

Key messages

Indirect resin onlay is economical solution to satisfy the function and esthetic requirements of these patients. The cementation with self-adhesive resin cement is practice, fast and reduces the postoperative sensitivity.

How to cite this article

Bandéca MC, Tonetto MR, Barros ÉD, Pinto SCS, Firoozmand LM, de Andrade MF, Cury Saad JR, Maia Filho EM, de Sousa Queiroz RC. Indirect Resin Onlay Cemented with Self-adhesive Resin Cement: A Comprehensive Clinical Overview. World J Dent 2012;3(3):273-277.
Effectiveness of mission statements in organizations – A review
Authors: Braun Susanne , Wesche Jenny S , Frey Dieter , Weisweiler Silke , Peus Claudia
Published: October 2012

Even though mission statements are standard tools in organizations, their effectiveness is subject to substantial skepticism. This review integrates hitherto published research based on a broad range of objective and subjective effectiveness criteria above and beyond financial performance in for-profit as well as not-for-profit organizations. We conclude that the distal outcome effectiveness of mission statements depends on the following antecedents and intermediate outcomes: (1) the rationale underlying their development; (2) the process of their development and implementation; (3) their content and form; and (4) individual attitudes toward the mission statement. We thereby clarify preconditions of mission statement effectiveness in organizations, and reveal shortcomings in current research.
Are boards on board? A model of corporate board influence on sustainability performance
Authors: Galbreath Jeremy
Published: October 2012

Existing research on a board-of-director–sustainability performance relationship have largely examined inside directors, outside directors, and gender diversity – yet empirical results have yet to offer any definitive answers. I posit that this previous research lacks a thorough examination of the role of boards and the means and mechanisms by which they influence performance. Drawing on the board capital perspective and the role of boards, this paper develops a model that highlights the influence of board capital on the future sustainability performance of firms. The model takes into account specific types of human and social capital of outside directors which have previously been unexamined. Beyond the board capital perspective, an argument is put forth that values are largely neglected in the examination of boards of directors, but are necessary in the study of sustainability because of its normative implications. I therefore account for thevalue attunementconcept as a moderating variable in the model. The paper draws on corporate governance and business ethics' literature to generate propositions and offer original insight into the drivers of sustainability performance in organizations.
The impact of different forms of IPO firm legitimacy on the choice of alliance governance structure
Authors: Coombs Joseph E , Bierly Paul E , Gallagher Scott
Published: October 2012

We analyze the effects of four different types of firm legitimacy – managerial, technological, local community legitimacy and business press endorsement – on the choice of alliance governance structure in partnerships with newly public biotechnology firms. We expand current research to differentiate between non-equity, minority equity and joint venture alliance structures. We find that initial public offering of stock (IPO) firms with higher levels of managerial legitimacy and local community legitimacy are more likely to enter into joint ventures than minority equity alliances and non-equity alliances. IPO firms with higher technological legitimacy and business press endorsement are more likely to use a less hierarchical governance structure.
Laryngeal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Filho Francisco de Souza Amorim , Neto José Caporrino , Neto Paulo Saraceni , Melo José Elson Santiago de , Moraes Bruno Teixeira de
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is classified into three clinical presentations: visceral, coetaneous and mucocutaneous. The latter is usually secondary to hematogenous spread after months or years of skin infection and can manifest as infiltrative lesions, ulcerated or vegetating in nose, pharynx, larynx and mouth, associated or not with ganglionics infarction. Laryngeal involvement is part of the differential diagnosis of lesions in this topography as nonspecific chronic laryngitis, granulomatosis and even tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract presenting atypical evolution. Sometimes it is difficult for the correct diagnosis of Leishmaniasis, with description of cases in the literature were conducted improperly.

Objective: The objective of this study is to report a case of laryngeal Leishmaniasis addressing the difficulty of diagnosis, complications and treatment applied.

Case Report: A patient with pain throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia and weight loss, with no improvement with symptomatic medication. At telelaringoscopy, infiltrative lesion showed nodular supraglottis. He underwent a tracheotomy for airway obstruction and biopsy with immunohistochemical study for a definitive diagnosis of laryngeal Leishmaniasis. The patient was referred to the infectious diseases that initiated treatment with N-methylglucamine antimoniate with satisfactory response to therapy.

Final Comments: Faced with a clinical suspicion of granulomatous diseases, it is essential to follow protocol laboratory evaluation associated with histological injury, to get a precise definition etiological without prolonging the time of diagnosis. Medical treatment for mucosal Leishmaniasis, recommended by the World Health Organization, was adequate in the case of laryngeal disorders, with complete resolution of symptoms.
Plant and Process Safety, 3. Occupational Hazards and Personnel Protection
Authors: Guterl Peter
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Safety and the Design, Engineering, and Procurement of Production Plants and Equipment

2.1.

Work Equipment, Machinery and Tools

2.2.

Hazard Assessment

2.3.

Personal Protective Equipment

2.4.

Safe Handling of Chemicals

2.4.1.

Filling, Draining, and Conveying of Hazardous Materials

2.4.2.

Sampling

2.4.3.

Cleaning of Vessels and Other Equipment

2.5.

Work with Special Risks—Permit‐to‐Work Systems
Plant and Process Safety, 4. Chemical Process Safety Regulation
Authors: Hailwood Mark
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:1.European Union1.1.Historical Development1.2.Structure of the Seveso II Directive2.Germany3.United Kingdom4.USA5.Canada6.Conclusions
Plant and Process Safety, 7. Risk Calculations
Authors: Hauptmanns Ulrich
Published: October 2012

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Scope and Details of a Risk Analysis

2.

Risk Acceptance Criteria

2.1.

Individual Risk

2.2.

Societal or Collective Risk
Sliding mode control of singularly perturbed Markovian jump delayed systems with nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Yueying , Zhou Pingfang , Wang Quanbao , Duan Dengping
Published: October 2012

This paper is concerned with sliding mode control (SMC) of a class of time‐delay nonlinear singularly perturbed Markovian jump systems. Firstly, a switching surface function is designed, and a delay‐dependent condition is derived in terms of ϵ‐independent linear matrix inequality, which guarantees that the resulting sliding mode dynamics is mean‐square exponentially stable. Then an algorithm is given to estimate the stability bound. Moreover, an adaptive SMC law is synthesized to drive the system trajectories onto the designed switching surface in a finite time. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforcement of Shear Thinning Protein Hydrogels by Responsive Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Glassman Matthew J. , Chan Jacqueline , Olsen Bradley D.
Published: October 2012

Shear thinning hydrogels are promising materials that exhibit rapid self‐healing following the cessation of shear, making them attractive for applications including injectable biomaterials. Here, self‐assembly is demonstrated as a strategy to introduce a reinforcing network within shear thinning artificially engineered protein gels, enabling a responsive transition from an injectable state at low temperatures with a low yield stress to a stiffened state at physiological temperatures with resistance to shear thinning, higher toughness, and reduced erosion rates and creep compliance. Protein‐polymer triblock copolymers capable of the responsive self‐assembly of two orthogonal networks are synthesized. Midblock association forms a shear‐thinning network, while endblock aggregation at elevated temperatures introduces a second, independent physical network into the protein hydrogel. These reversible crosslinks introduce extremely long relaxation times and lead to a five‐fold increase in the elastic modulus, significantly larger than is expected from transient network theory. Thermoresponsive reinforcement reduces the high temperature creep compliance by over four orders of magnitude, decreases the erosion rate by at least a factor of five, and increases the yield stress by up to a factor of seven. Combined with the demonstrated potential of shear thinning artificial protein hydrogels for various uses, this reinforcement mechanism broadens the range of applications that can be addressed with shear‐thinning physical gels.
Heritable disorders in the metabolism of the dolichols: A bridge from sterol biosynthesis to molecular glycosylation
Authors: Wolfe Lynne A. , Morava Eva , He Miao , Vockley Jerry , Gibson K. Michael
Published: October 2012

Dolichols, polyisoprene alcohols derived from the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, serve as carriers of glycan precursors for the formation of oligosaccharides important in protein glycosylation. Seven autosomal‐recessively inherited disorders in the metabolism (synthesis, utilization, recycling) of the dolichols have recently been described, and all are associated with decreased lipid‐linked oligosaccharides leading to underglycosylated proteins or lipids which facilitate their detection in the diagnostic laboratory. Multisystem pathology encompasses developmental delays and eye, heart, skin and muscle abnormalities; outcomes range from death in infancy to mild, late‐onset disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of flexible magnetic nanocomposites of cobalt ferrite–polybenzoxazine–linear low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Rajput Amit B. , Rahaman Seikh J. , Sarkhel Gautam , Patra Manoj K. , Vadera Sampat R. , Singru Pravin M. , Yagci Yusuf , Ghosh Narendra N.
Published: October 2012

A simple method for the preparation of magnetic nanocomposites consisting of cobalt ferrite (CF; CoFe2O4) nanoparticles, polybenzoxazine (PB), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and linear low‐density polyethylene‐g‐maleic anhydride (LgM) is described. The composites were prepared by the formation of benzoxazine (BA)–CF nanopowders followed by melt blending with LLDPE and the thermal curing of BA. The composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, universal testing machine measurement, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The composites consisting of LLDPE, PB, and LgM (47.5L–47.5PB–5LgM) exhibited a higher tensile strength (23.82 MPa) than pure LLDPE and a greater elongation at break (6.11%) than pure PB. The tensile strength of the composites decreased from 19.92 to 18.55 MPa with increasing CF loading (from 14.25 to 33.25 wt %). The saturation magnetization of the composites containing 33.25 wt % CF was 18.28 emu/g, and it decreased with decreasing amount of CF in the composite. The composite films exhibited mechanical flexibility and magnetic properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Recombinant rabbit single‐chain antibodies bind to the catalytic and C‐terminal domains of HIV‐1 integrase protein and strongly inhibit HIV‐1 replication
Authors: da Silva Frederico Aires , Li Min , Rato Sylvie , Maia Sara , Malhó Rui , Warren Kylie , Harrich David , Craigie Robert , Barbas Carlos , Goncalves Joao
Published: October 2012

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) integrase (IN) protein plays an important role during the early stages of the retroviral life cycle and therefore is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We immunized rabbits with HIV‐1 IN protein and developed a combinatorial single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) library against IN. Five different scFv antibodies with high binding activity and specificity for IN were identified. These scFvs recognize the catalytic and C‐terminal domains of IN and block the strand‐transfer process. Cells expressing anti‐IN–scFvs were highly resistant to HIV‐1 replication due to an inhibition of the integration process itself. These results provide proof‐of‐concept that rabbit anti‐IN–scFv intrabodies can be designed to block the early stages of HIV‐1 replication without causing cellular toxicity. Therefore, these anti‐IN–scFvs may be useful agents for “intracellular immunization”‐based gene therapy strategies. Furthermore, because of their epitope binding characteristics, these scFvs can be used also as new tools to study the structure and function of HIV‐1 IN protein.
Large enhancement of oscillating chemiluminescence with [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction in the presence of tri‐n‐propylamine
Authors: Lan Xiaolan , Zheng Baozhan , Zhao Yan , Yuan Hongyan , Du Juan , Xiao Dan
Published: October 2012

Oscillating chemiluminescence enhanced by the addition of tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) to the typical Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction system catalyzed by ruthenium(II)tris(2.2'‐bipyridine)(Ru(bpy)32+) was investigated using a luminometry method. The [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA system was first used as the catalyst for a BZ oscillator in a closed system, which exhibited a shorter induction period, higher amplitude and much more stable chemiluminescence (CL) oscillation. The effects of various concentrations of TPrA, oxygen and nitrogen flow rate on the oscillating behavior of this system were examined. In addition, the CL intensity of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA–BZ system was found to be inhibited by phenol, thus providing a way for use of the BZ system in the determination of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the possible mechanism of the oscillating CL reaction catalyzed by [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA and the inhibition effects of oxygen and phenol on this oscillating CL system were considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple column‐switching HPLC method for determining levels of the antifungal agent micafungin in human plasma and application to patient samples
Authors: Nakagawa Saori , Kuwabara Naoko , Kobayashi Hikaru , Shimoeda Sadahiko , Ohta Shin , Yamato Susumu
Published: October 2012

Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent that is important for treating candidiasis in emergency and intensive care medicine; however, current methods for measuring micafungin plasma levels are lengthy and complicated. We report a simple quantitative method using column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining micafungin in human plasma samples. Human plasma was directly injected into a column‐switching HPLC system with a MAYI‐ODS pre‐column to remove the plasma matrix. The calibration curve for micafungin showed good linearity in the range 0.1–10 µg/mL in human plasma. The mean relative standard deviation value of the intra‐day and inter‐day precision was less than 7.3%. More than 450 successive, accurate measurements were made before the system had to be washed with ammonium acetate solution. The therapeutic micafungin level in patients' plasma was successfully measured using this method. Because the pretreatment is simple and reproducible, our method can be used for routine therapeutic monitoring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exclusively Heteronuclear 13C‐Detected Amino‐Acid‐Selective NMR Experiments for the Study of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs)
Authors: Bermel Wolfgang , Bertini Ivano , Chill Jordan , Felli Isabella C. , Haba Noam , Kumar M. V. Vasantha , Pierattelli Roberta
Published: October 2012

Carbon‐13 direct‐detection NMR methods have proved to be very useful for the characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here we present a suite of experiments in which amino‐acid‐selective editing blocks are encoded in CACON‐ and CANCO‐type sequences to give 13C‐detected spectra containing correlations arising from a particular type or group of amino acid(s). These two general types of experiments provide the complementary intra‐ and inter‐residue correlations necessary for sequence‐specific assignment of backbone resonance frequencies. We demonstrate the capabilities of these experiments on two IDPs: fully reduced Cox17 and WIPC. The proposed approach constitutes an independent strategy to simplify crowded spectra as well as to perform sequence‐specific assignment, thereby demonstrating its potential to study IDPs.
A Tri‐copper(II) Complex Displaying DNA‐Cleaving Properties and Antiproliferative Activity against Cancer Cells
Authors: Suntharalingam Kogularamanan , Hunt Douglas J. , Duarte Alexandra A. , White Andrew J. P. , Mann David J. , Vilar Ramon
Published: October 2012

A new disubstituted terpyridine ligand and the corresponding tri‐copper(II) complex have been prepared and characterised. The binding affinity and binding mode of this tri‐copper complex (as well as the previously reported mono‐ and di‐copper analogues) towards duplex DNA were determined by using UV/Vis spectroscopic titrations and fluorescent indicator displacement (FID) assays. These studies showed the three complexes to bind moderately (in the order of 104 M−1) to duplex DNA (ct‐DNA and a 26‐mer sequence). Furthermore, the number of copper centres and the nature of the substituents were found to play a significant role in defining the binding mode (intercalative or groove binding). The nuclease potential of the three complexes was investigated by using circular plasmid DNA as a substrate and analysing the products by agarose‐gel electrophoresis. The cleaving activity was found to be dependent on the number of copper centres present (cleaving potency was in the order: tri‐copper>di‐copper>mono‐copper). Interestingly, the tri‐copper complex was able to cleave DNA without the need of external co‐reductants. As this complex displayed the most promising nuclease properties, cell‐based studies were carried out to establish if there was a direct link between DNA cleavage and cellular toxicity. The tri‐copper complex displayed high cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines. Of particular interest was that it displayed high cytotoxicity against the cisplatin‐resistant MOLT‐4 leukaemia cell line. Cellular uptake studies showed that the tri‐copper complex was able to enter the cell and more importantly localise in the nucleus. Immunoblotting analysis (used to monitor changes in protein levels related to the DNA damage response pathway) and DNA‐flow cytometric studies suggested that this tri‐copper(II) complex is able to induce cellular DNA damage.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of NaxSi136 (0 < x ≤ 24) Single Crystals and Low‐Temperature Transport of Polycrystalline Specimens.
Authors: Stefanoski Stevce , Malliakas Christos D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Nolas George S.
Published: October 2012

Single crystals of the clathrate‐II title compounds with x = 2.9, 5.1, 8.2, 14.7 are prepared by thermal decomposition of Na24Si136 single crystals (obtained from the precusor Na4Si4 by vapor phase intercalation with spatially separated graphite) under 10 Torr N2 at 405 °C for 24, 12, 4, and 2 days, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional and Stuffed Bergman‐Type Phases in the Na—Au—T (T: Ga, Ge, Sn) Systems: Syntheses, Structures, Coloring of Cluster Centers, and Fermi Sphere—Brillouin Zone Interactions.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Smetana Volodymyr , Miller Gordon J. , Corbett John D.
Published: October 2012

Bergman‐type phases Na26Au18.1Ga35.9 (I), Na26Au36Ga19 (II), Na26Au40.93Ge14.07 (III), and Na26Au39.83Sn15.17 (IV) are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (700—800 °C, 6—10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the Luminescence in Near UV‐Pumped Red‐Emitting Novel Eu3+‐Doped Ba3Ca3(PO4)4 Phosphors for White Light Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Dillip G. R. , Raju B. Deva Prasad
Published: October 2012

Eu3+‐doped Ba3Ca3(PO4)4 red‐emitting phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3, CaCO3, NH4H2PO4, and Eu2O3 (porcelain crucible, 1000 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Fragmenting Gadolinium: Mononuclear Polyoxometalate‐Based Magnetic Coolers for Ultra‐Low Temperatures.
Authors: Martinez‐Perez Maria‐Jose , Montero Oscar , Evangelisti Marco , Luis Fernando , Sese Javier , Cardona‐Serra Salvador , Coronado Eugenio
Published: October 2012

Compounds (III) and (V), which both have a single Gd3+ ion per molecular unit are characterized by magnetic measurements down to 2 K and heat capacity measurements down to 0.35 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronic Acid Catalysis as a Mild and Versatile Strategy for Direct Carbo‐ and Heterocyclizations of Free Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Zheng Hongchao , Ghanbari Sina , Nakamura Shinji , Hall Dennis G.
Published: October 2012

This provides an operationally simple method for cyclization of allylic alcohols using air‐stable catalysts under very mild reaction conditions as compared to established Lewis or protic acid based protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Diamination of Alkenes Employing Bromide Catalysis.
Authors: Chavez Patricia , Kirsch Jonathan , Hoevelmann Class H. , Streuff Jan , Martinez‐Belmonte Marta , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo C. , Martin Eddy , Muniz Kilian
Published: October 2012

The method employs catalytic amounts of potassium bromide and sodium chlorite as oxidant and avoids any use of transition metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Ring Openings of Meso and Terminal Aziridines with Halides Mediated by Chiral 1,2,3‐Triazolium Silicates.
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Hamajima Yuta , Ooi Takashi
Published: October 2012

A highly enantioselective chloride‐ and bromide‐mediated ring opening is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of Allylsilanes under Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Mizuta Satoshi , Galicia‐Lopez Oscar , Engle Keary M. , Verhoog Stefan , Wheelhouse Katherine , Rassias Gerasimos , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: October 2012

The trifluoromethylation reactions are performed with Togni reagent (II) to give branched allylic trifluoromethylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodefined Construction of Trisubstituted Alkenes by Direct Coupling Reaction of Allylating Agents, Alkynes, and Organoboranes.
Authors: Fukushima Masahiro , Takushima Daiki , Satomura Hideaki , Onodera Gen , Kimura Masanari
Published: October 2012

The palladium‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of allylic alcohols, terminal alkynes, and organoboranes preferentially gives (E)‐substituted alkylpentadienes, involving geminal allylation and alkylation at the acetylenic terminal carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tubular Macrocycle from Covalently Linked Anthracenes and meta‐Phenylene Spacers.
Authors: Hagiwara Keita , Sei Yoshihisa , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: October 2012

The macrocycle (III) is obtained in low yield by Suzuki coupling of diboronic acid (I) with ditriflate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by NHC—Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Reactions with Grignard Reagents on Polyconjugated Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Tissot Matthieu , Poggiali Daniele , Henon Helene , Mueller Daniel , Guenee Laure , Mauduit Marc , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: October 2012

The catalytic system is applied to the conjugate addition reaction of a wide variety of cyclohexenones with alkyl Grignard reagents to give 1,4‐addition products with unusual selectivity and good to excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroolefins as a Nucleophilic Component for Highly Stereoselective Aza Henry Reaction under the Catalysis of Chiral Ammonium Betaines.
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Oyaizu Keigo , Ooi Takashi
Published: October 2012

The ammonium‐betain catalyzed aza Henry reaction of in situ generated chiral vinylogous nitronates with N‐Boc imines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Trifluoro‐methoxylation of Aromatics with Perfluoro‐methyl‐hypofluorite.
Authors: Venturini Francesco , Navarrini Walter , Famulari Antonino , Sansotera Maurizio , Dardani Patrizia , Tortelli Vito
Published: October 2012

The reactivity of title compound (II) towards simple electron rich and electron poor aromatics is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Ullmann Reaction of Alkyl and Aromatic Amines with Substituted Benzoic Acids Using Copper Catalyst.
Authors: Raj Michael Ruby , Arun Krishnaraj , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Anandan Sambandam
Published: October 2012

A simple, efficient, economic and environmentally friendly method for the Ullmann condensation of substituted benzoic acids with amines furnishing anthranilic acid derivatives such as (III), (V) and (VII) (16 examples in all) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Hydration of Nitriles Promoted by Simple Amorphous Manganese Oxide Using Reduced Amounts of Water.
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Wang Ye , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: October 2012

Hydration of various (het)aromatic and aliphatic nitriles can efficiently be promoted by amorphous manganese dioxide using two equivalents of water at the most.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Benzylic C—H Bonds via Nondirected C(sp3)—H Activation.
Authors: Xie Pan , Xie Yinjun , Qian Bo , Zhou Han , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin
Published: October 2012

Substituted phenylacetic acid esters (IV) are efficiently synthesized from inexpensive, commercially available toluene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Ylide‐Mediated Synthesis of Terminal Epoxides.
Authors: Piccinini Alessandro , Kavanagh Sarah A. , Connon Stephen J.
Published: October 2012

New chiral sulfonium salt is capable of mediating highly enantioselective epoxidation of aldehydes involving methylene transfer — a process hitherto characterized by prohibitively low enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Regiodivergent Allylic Alkylations of MBH Carbonates with Phthalides.
Authors: Zhong Fangrui , Luo Jie , Chen Guo‐Ying , Dou Xiaowei , Lu Yixin
Published: October 2012

Phthalides are used for the first time in allylic alkylation reactions with Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates for the preparation of chiral 3,3‐disubstituted phthalides.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric exo′‐Selective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition for Constructing Stereochemically Diversified Spiro[pyrrolidin‐3,3′‐oxindole]s.
Authors: Awata Atsuko , Arai Takayoshi
Published: October 2012

The construction of novel diastereomers of spiro pyrrolidin‐3,3′‐oxindole by asymmetric exo′‐selective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of methyleneindolinones with iminoesters is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: PTSA‐Catalyzed Mannich‐Type—Cyclization—Oxidation Tandem Reactions: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles from Aldehydes, Hydrazines and Alkynes.
Authors: Liu Pei , Pan Ying‐Ming , Xu Yan‐Li , Wang Heng‐Shan
Published: October 2012

The highly efficient and mild synthesis of the title compounds from readily available starting materials tolerates various functional groups without exclusion of moisture or air from the reaction mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(O‐Ac)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐ and 2‐Heteroaryl‐benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (ILs) Without Additives and with Recycling/Reuse of the IL.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: October 2012

The process is complete within 12h and renders possible the access to a library of the biologically important heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Petasis Reaction of 2‐Pyridinecarbaldehyde Derivatives and Its Products.
Authors: Mandai Hiroki , Murota Kyouta , Suga Seiji
Published: October 2012

The Petasis reaction of 2‐pyridinecarbaldehydes (I) with amines (III) and boronic acids (II) or (VII) leads to desired products (IV) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Bioactive Moieties with Different Heteroatom(s): Application of the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Patel Rahul V. , Patel Jigar K. , Kumari Premlata , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: October 2012

Novel (benzo)thiophene‐linked quinolinyl oxadiazoles (VIII) are synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Promoted Rearrangement of Arylmethyl Azides: Applications Toward the Synthesis of N‐Arylmethyl Arenes and Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: October 2012

Acid‐promoted Aube—Schmidt rearrangement of arylmethyl azides provides an intermediary iminium ion which can be trapped by aromatic nucleophiles leading to N‐arylmethyl arenes and by heteroaromatic compounds lading to polyheterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Supported Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolines and Tetrahydroquinazolines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Hsu Hai‐Yuan , Tseng Chih‐Chun , Matii Banrali , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: October 2012

An efficient room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) supported microwave irradiation synthesis strategy for dihydro‐ and tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives such as (IX) and (XI) offers the advantages of uniform reaction conditions, easy monitoring of reaction process, and minimum chromatografic purification exercises.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Construct a Fused 2‐Ylidene Chromene Ring: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Chromeno Quinoxalines.
Authors: Pal Manojit , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

Some of the compounds are tested in vitro for their activity against leukemia (K‐562) and breast (MD‐AMB‐231) cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Conversion of Methoxysilanes to Aminosilanes: A Convenient Synthetic Strategy to N,O‐Functionalized Organosilanes.
Authors: Bauer Jonathan O. , Strohmann Carsten
Published: October 2012

The driving force for the reaction is suggested to be the formation of lithium methoxide and aggregation effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Mediated Facile and Ultra Fast Peptide Synthesis in Methanol.
Authors: Mali Sachitanand M. , Jadhav Sandip V. , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: October 2012

A novel copper‐catalyzed amide‐bond formation strategy is applied for the synthesis of di‐, tri‐, and tetrapeptides (16 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: A Dramatic Concentration Effect on the Stereoselectivity of N‐Glycosylation for the Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐β‐ribonucleosides.
Authors: Yang Fei , Zhu Yugen , Yu Biao
Published: October 2012

The stereoselectivity of the N‐glycosylation reaction of purines and uracils with hexynylbenzoate (I) depends on the concentration of the reaction solution leading to higher β/α‐ratio at lower concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Intrinsic Properties
Authors: Michalowsky Lothar , Dreikorn Joerg
Published: October 2012

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Random Access Memory
Authors: Oogane Mikihiko , Miyazaki Terunobu
Published: October 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetoresistance of Ultrathin Co/Au(III) Multilayers
Authors: Trigui F. , Eleuch H. , Fakhfakh Z.
Published: October 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Processing — Experimental Tool or New Chemistry?
Authors: Balema Viktor P.
Published: October 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Transition Metal Ethyne‐1,2‐diyl Complexes
Authors: Griffith Christopher S. , Koutsantonis George A.
Published: October 2012

Review: 240 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Borylation of Organic Halides with Hydroboranes
Authors: Murata Miki
Published: October 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Acenaphthenequinone Reactions
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Hajiabbasi Parvin , Gholamzadeh Parisa
Published: October 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Pyrrolams A—D: A Survey of Synthetic Efforts, Biological Activity, and Studies on Their Stability
Authors: Majik Mahesh S. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Opioid Ligands and Their Pharmacologies
Authors: Nagase Hiroshi , Fujii Hideaki
Published: October 2012

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials in Complex Biological Systems: Insights from Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Drescher Daniela , Kneipp Janina
Published: October 2012

Review: 224 refs.
Catalyst Recycling in Homogeneous Catalyzed Cross Metathesis of Methyl Oleate and 4‐Octene
Authors: Behr Arno , Gomes‐Jelonek Jessica , Witte Henning
Published: October 2012

Das Recycling homogener Metathese‐Katalysatoren stellt eine große Herausforderung in der Alken‐Metathese dar. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Recycling von homogenen Rutheniumkomplex‐Katalysatoren am Beispiel der Kreuzmetathese von Ölsäuremethylester und 4‐Octen untersucht. Nach erfolgter Metathese wurden die Katalysatoren mithilfe der Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Zweiphasentechnik und der temperaturgesteuerten Mehrkomponenten‐Lösungsmittelsysteme von den Produkten erfolgreich abgetrennt. Die Katalysatorphase konnte bei nur geringem Ausbeuterückgang mehrfach erfolgreich wiedereingesetzt werden.
Answering biological questions by querying k‐mer databases
Authors: Greenfield Paul , Roehm Uwe
Published: October 2012

This paper describes a k‐mer approach to analysing DNA data and quickly answering certain types of ad hoc biological questions. These k‐mers (short DNA strings) are stored in a conventional relational database and indexed to support efficient exact match operations. We show that k‐mers around 20–25 bases long have interesting and useful uniqueness properties that can be used to compute a ‘relatedness’ metric and also allow k‐mers to be used as ‘unique enough’ tags to identify organisms and genes. This relatedness metric is used in SQL queries that can directly answer questions such as how two related species differ, and what genes are unique to an organism. The k‐mer tags have proven useful in applications, largely metagenomic ones that can quickly process large volumes of sequencing data to say something about what organisms and genes might be present in an environmental sample. All of this work is based on simple and fast exact matches of k‐mer strings using a database, rather than conventional alignment based on inexact matches of much longer strings. These k‐mer tools provide ways of rapidly exploring large genome spaces and handling large volumes of sequence data, and complement rather than replace existing alignment and assembly tools. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magneto‐Structural Study of an Oxamato‐Bridged PdIICoII Chain: X‐ray Crystallographic Evidence of a Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Phase Transition
Authors: Oliveira Willian X. C. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Pinheiro Carlos B. , Nunes Wallace C. , Julve Miguel , Journaux Yves , Stumpf Humberto O. , Pereira Cynthia L. M.
Published: October 2012

Two new mononuclear oxamato‐containing palladium(II) complexes of formula K2[Pd(opba)]·2H2O (1) and (PPh4)2[Pd(opba)]·2H2O (2) and the heterodimetallic palladium(II)–cobalt(II) chain {[Co(H2O)2Pd(opba)]·dmso}n (3) [opba = 1,2‐phenylenebis(oxamate), PPh4+ = tetraphenylphosphonium cation and dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide] have been prepared, and the structures of two of them (compounds 2 and 3) were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis of single crystals. The structure of 2 consists of discrete anions of [Pd(opba)2]2– and PPh4+ cations. Each PdII ion in 2 is surrounded by two oxamate nitrogen atoms and two carboxylate oxygen atoms in a square‐planar surrounding. Compound 3 is a neutral chain with regular alternating PdII and CoII ions, the [Pd(opba)]2– entity acting as a bis(bidentate) ligand towards trans‐diaquacobalt(II) fragments, and dmso molecules of crystallization. Compound 3 exhibits a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal phase transition between monoclinic C2/c (α phase) and triclinic P$\bar {1}$ (β phase) space groups. Within the α phase the dmso molecule of crystallization is disordered, but it becomes ordered below 215 K in the β phase. The ordering process of the dmso molecule is followed by a reduction in the unit cell volume. The magnetic properties of 3 are barely affected by the structural phase transition, and they indicate an important spin–orbit coupling of the high‐spin octahedral CoII ion [α = 1.245, λ = –151 cm–1, Δ = 494 cm–1, the spin Hamiltonian being defined as H = –αλLS + Δ(Lz2–2/3) + βH(–αL + geS)] with an almost negligible intra‐ [through the diamagnetic square‐planar PdII centre] and interchain antiferromagnetic interactions (θ = –0.32 K).
Risk Factors for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Association Between Metformin Use and Reduced Cancer Risk
Authors: Chaiteerakij Roongruedee , Yang Ju Dong , Harmsen William S. , Slettedahl Seth W. , Mettler Teresa A. , Fredericksen Zachary S. , Kim Ray W. , Gores Gregory J. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Olson Janet E. , Therneau Terry M. , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: October 2012

The associations between diabetes, smoking, obesity, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) risk remain inconclusive. Metformin is purportedly associated with a reduced risk for various cancers. This case-control study evaluated risk factors for ICC and explored the effects of metformin on ICC risk in a clinic/hospital-based cohort. ICC patients observed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between January 2000 and May 2010 were identified. Age, sex, ethnicity, and residential area-matched controls were selected from among Mayo Clinic Biobank participants. The associations between potential factors and ICC risk were determined. Six hundred and twelve cases and 594 controls were identified. Factors associated with increased ICC risk included biliary tract diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 81.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.2-598.8;

P

< 0.001), cirrhosis (AOR, 8.0; 95% CI: 1.8-36.5;

P

= 0.007), diabetes (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.5;

P

< 0.001), and smoking (AOR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1;

P

< 0.001). Compared to diabetic patients not treated with metformin, the odds ratio (OR) for ICC for diabetic patients treated with metformin was significantly decreased (OR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9;

P

= 0.04). Obesity and metabolic syndrome were not associated with ICC.

Conclusion:

This study confirmed diabetes and smoking as independent risk factors for ICC. A novel finding was that treatment with metformin was significantly associated with a 60% reduction in ICC risk in diabetic patients.
Fast full‐color reflective display via photoluminescent enhancement
Authors: Gibson Gary , Sheng Xia , Henze Dick , Lam Si‐Ty , Beck Patricia , Jeon Yoocharn , Zhou Zhang‐Lin , Benson Brad , Liu Qin , Combs Gregg , Koch Tim , Biggs Kent
Published: October 2012

Reflective displays are advantageous in applications requiring low power or daylight readability. However, there are no low‐cost reflective technologies capable of displaying bright colors. By employing photoluminescence to more efficiently use ambient light, we created a prototype display that provides bright, full color in a simple, low‐cost architecture. This prototype includes a novel electrokinetic shutter, a layer that incorporates patterned luminescent red, green, and blue sub‐pixel elements, and a novel optical out‐coupling scheme. The luminescent elements convert otherwise‐wasted portions of the incident spectrum to light in the desired color band, resulting in improved color saturation and lightness. This prototype provides a color gamut that is superior to competing reflective display technologies that utilize color filters in single‐layer side‐by‐side sub‐pixel architectures. The current prototype is capable of switching in <0.5 s; future displays based on an alternative electro‐optic shutter technology should achieve video rate operation. A transflective version of this technology has also been prototyped. The transflective version utilizes its backlight with a power efficiency that is at least three times that of a conventional liquid crystal display. These photoluminescence‐based technologies enable a host of applications ranging from low‐power mobile products and retail pricing signage to daylight readable signage for outdoor advertising segments.
Histological assessment of cervical lymph node identifies patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): Who would benefit from chemoradiation after surgery?
Authors: Wan Xiao Chloe , Egloff Ann Marie , Johnson Jonas
Published: October 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) has been shown to be more effective than postoperative radiotherapy (RT) alone in high risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Multimodality therapy is associated with more treatment related‐toxicity. In this study, we assessed cervical lymph node histological characteristics to detect prognostic and predictive value differences to help guide therapeutic decision making.

Study Design:

Retrospective analysis of Cancer Registry data.

Methods:

HNSCC surgical patients who had tumor resection and neck dissection at our institution from 1980 to 2008 were identified (n=1510). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of three outcomes: overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and neck disease recurrence (NDR). Hazard ratios were estimated for the number of cervical nodal metastases and presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) by adjuvant treatment after controlling for significant covariates.

Results:

Increasing number of positive nodes was significantly associated with poorer outcomes in OS, DSS, and NDR models (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.0002, respectively). OS and DSS associated with adjuvant treatment (none, RT, or CRT) were modified by number of positive nodes, ECS status, and cancer site. The presence of ECS was associated with reduced OS and DSS (p=0.077, p=0.001 respectively), but not significantly associated with NDR (p=0.179). Nodal positive patients benefited from adjuvant therapy regardless of ECS status. CRT consistently conferred a survival advantage over RT across all nodal categories, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

We observed a consistent survival advantage with CRT over RT for patients with positive cervical nodal metastasis, although the difference was not statistically significant. Laryngoscope, 2012
Chemical modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) micropowder — basis for special lubricant additives
Authors: Hoffmann T. , Lehmann D.
Published: October 2012

This contribution presents results of the chemical coupling reaction between the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) micropowder and oils. For the preparation of such dispersions, the reaction between the perfluoroalkyl(peroxy) radicals, which are generated by irradiation of PTFE in presence of oxygen, and the olefinic unsaturated groups of the oils was used.

The modified and charged PTFE micropowder particles prevent the agglomeration by repulsion and therefore also the sedimentation. Processes of structural formation in the dispersions were studied by rheological characterisation and observed into dependence of the PTFE concentration and the chosen kind of PTFE. The tribological characterisation should explore the influence of the chemical coupling reaction between PTFE and oil in the dispersions. In addition, the tribological effect of the dispersions as an additive in a synthetic lubricant was investigated.

The results obtained were discussed from rheological and tribological point of view taking into account the effect of the chemical coupling in dependence of the oils used and the chosen PTFE type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of In‐Store Greenery on Customers
Authors: Brengman Malaika , Willems Kim , Joye Yannick
Published: October 2012

The incorporation of greenery in retail areas has scarcely been explored in environmental psychology studies. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, the effect of in‐store vegetation on consumer emotions and responses toward the store was studied, considering the moderating role of the information rate of the retail setting. While introducing foliage in the store environment did not evoke feelings of excitement, it was found to elicit pleasure and to reduce stress in a “complex” store interior. Given the impact of pleasure and stress on consumers’ approach/avoidance responses, these findings support the potential of integrating greenery, particularly in “spatially dense” stores.
Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Profiles of Environmental Chemicals with QSAR Models Built from Drug‐Like Molecules
Authors: Sun Hongmao , Veith Henrike , Xia Menghang , Austin Christopher P. , Tice Raymond R. , Huang Ruili
Published: October 2012

The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family is involved in the biotransformation of many xenobiotics. As part of the U.S. Tox21 Phase I effort, we profiled the CYP activity of approximately three thousand compounds, primarily those of environmental concern, against human CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 isoforms in a quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) format. In order to evaluate the extent to which computational models built from a drug‐like library screened in these five CYP assays under the same conditions can accurately predict the outcome of an environmental compound library, five support vector machine (SVM) models built from over 17,000 drug‐like compounds were challenged to predict the CYP activities of the Tox21 compound collection. Although a large fraction of the test compounds fall outside of the applicability domain (AD) of the models, as measured by k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) similarities, the predictions were largely accurate for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 ioszymes with area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC‐ROC) ranging between 0.82 and 0.84. The lower predictive power of the CYP2C19 model (AUC‐ROC=0.76) is caused by experimental errors and that of the CYP2D6 model (AUC‐ROC=0.76) can be rescued by rebalancing the training data. Our results demonstrate that decomposing molecules into atom types enhanced the coverage of the AD and that computational models built from drug‐like molecules can be used to predict the ability of non‐drug like compounds to interact with these CYPs.