bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROBOCENOSIS OF THE RHIZOSPHERE OF SOFT WHEAT WHEN USING BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Shuliko Natalya N. , Tukmacheva Elena V. , Korchagina Irina A. , Kiseleva Alina A. , Khamova Olga F. , Timokhin Artem Yu. , Parshutkin Yuri Yu. , Kubasova Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2024

Soil microflora is a powerful indicator of the condition of arable soils. This review summarizes the latest scientific reports concerning the structure of the microbial cenosis of meadow-chernozemic soil under agrogenic effects, as well as demonstrate its own results. The research was carried out on spring soft wheat in field experiments of the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in order to determine the effect of the use of biological products of associative diazotrophs on the biological (ecological) properties of the rhizosphere of spring soft wheat and to determine their relationship with crop yield.
In this research we found out that the root microbiome of soft wheat reacted ambiguously to inoculation of biological  products and depended both on the genotypic characteristics of the varieties and on the preparations used. The number of copiotrophs, oligonitrophils and microfungis increased in the rhizosphere of spring soft wheat of the Omsk 44 variety when using the bacterial fertilizer Flavobacterin. The Omskaya 44 variety also stood out with the largest total number of microflora, the use of the Flavobacterin biopreparation stimulated its growth relative to the control by 22%. The use of Mizorin did not significantly affect the activity of root microorganisms. The microbial population of wheat varieties Omskaya 42 and Tarskaya 12 did not respond to the introduction of bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter mysorens 7 and Flavobacterium sp. L-30. Immobilization processes prevailed in the rhizosphere of the studied varieties, to the greatest extent in wheat Tarskaya 12 and Omskaya 44. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in most variants of the experiment tended to increase relative to the control (up to 17%), however, the activity of the redox enzyme catalase decreased from the applied agricultural method within the experimental error (up to 4%). A statistically significant (p<0.05) positive (r=0.675) dependence of wheat yield on the amount of microflora in the rhizosphere was revealed.
THE ADDITIONS TO LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF URBOECO-SYSTEMS USING BACKGROUND SPECIES GREEN AREAS PLANTS
Authors: Nesterenko Victoria M. , Moskalenko Igor V. , Avramenko Marina V. , Anishchenko Lidiya N.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the results of a long-term bioindication study carried out in the period from 2017 to 2023 years to study the content of the amino acid proline in a biomass sample of background species of green spaces (introduced and native species), as the main biochemical marker of the state of the environment under conditions of a strong combination of stress factors. The bioindicators in the experiment were elements of green spaces in the administrative districts of the city of Bryansk: Sovetsky, Bezhitsky, Fokinsky, Volodarsky, as well as in the control - the village of Dobrun, Bryansk district: 14 species of angiosperms and gymnosperms were taken into account. The purpose of the work is to evaluate in the long term the change in the content of the amino acid proline as a biochemical marker of the state of the environment of a large city in the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation when diagnosing the biomass of background plants. The stability coefficient of dendroflora growing in 4 districts of Bryansk is presented, indicating the minimum and maximum values of amino acid cumulation by region and the air pollution index. The lowest value of the cumulation coefficient was calculated for the species: Pinus sylvestris L. (3,5-3,97), Picea abies L. (3,68-4,14), Picea pungens L. (3,77-4,28 ); highest value: Aesculus hippocastanum L. (6,17-6,59), Acer negundo L. (6,29-6,74), Syringa vulgaris L. (6,38-6,8). A series of sensitivity of woody plants to air pollution has been compiled according to the degree of reduction in proline content: Pinus sylvestris < Picea abies L. < Picea pungens L. < Thuja occidentalis L. < Quercus robur < Betula pendula < Salix triandra  < Tilia cordata < Sorbus aucuparia < Robinia pseudoacacia  < Acer platanoides < Acer negundo< Aesculus hippocastanum < Syringa vulgaris. It has been established that the concentration of proline is related by a regression relationship to the calculated air pollution index: with the growth of aerotechnogenic pollution, the content of the amino acid increases.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPORTS OF PLANT PRODUCTS OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors: Bocharov Sergey N. , Butakova Marina M. , Sokolova Olga N.
Published: December 2024

Changes in the structure of grain supplies in Europe, difficulties with logistics, as well as sanctions pressure instruments have significantly transformed the functioning mechanisms of global food markets. As a result, for food exporting regions the importance of issues related to the study of the structure and dynamics of exports, as well as assessing the prospects of certain types of products, is increasing.
Purpose. To propose an approach to assessing the dynamics and structure of exports of the Altai Territory in relation to products of plant origin based on quantitative methods. The information basis of the study was data on the export of plant products of the agro-industrial complex of the Altai Territory for 2013 - 2020.
Methods and materials. The authors proposed a comprehensive assessment of the state of exports by product groups and types of products, including the calculation of growth rates, shares in export volumes (ABC analysis) and the coefficient of variation (XYZ analysis using a modified method) over a number of years. The methodology provided for a consistent deepening of the ABC analysis for the leading groups of the relevant populations.
Results. Based on the results of ABC and modified XYZ analysis, the export positions of products of plant origin in the Altai Territory were ranked, and a conclusion was made about the narrow specialization of exports and the instability of its volumes.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF GROWTH AND MATURATION OF APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACEAE) VARIETIES OF MOSCOW SELECTION IN CENTRAL RUSSIA
Authors: Kondratieva Vera V. , Semenova Maria V. , Kuklina Alla G. , Olekhnovich Lydmila S. , Voronkova Tatiana V.
Published: December 2024

Background.  Apricot is one of the most popular fruit crops in the world. Central Russia belongs to the moderately cold climatic subzone of climatic zone II with the sum of effective temperatures of 1000-2200ºС. Therefore, the biological characteristics of apricot varieties for this zone must correspond to the environmental conditions of the region. Studying the process of fruit ripening of winter-hardy apricot varieties can be useful when carrying out breeding work.
Purpose. To study the dynamics of the main physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves and fruits of apricot varieties of Moscow selection.
Material and methods. The object of the study was the fruits and leaves of apricot varieties selected by GBS RAS (Moscow) during the formation and ripening of fruits. During the period of fruit formation (June-August), the content of mono- and polysaccharides, photosynthetic pigments - chlorophylls and carotenoids, flavonoids, as well as the HPLC method of some phenolcarboxylic acids was determined in the samples using the spectrophotometric method according to generally accepted methods. Morphometric indicators were also recorded: weight and diameter of the fruit, leaf area.
Results. Varietal specificity has been established based on the studied biochemical and morphometric parameters of leaves and fruits. The largest fruits were in the Tsarsky variety, the minimum size in the selected Zachatievsky variety. A similar picture was observed for fruit diameter and leaf area. The level of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves remained stable throughout the entire study period in the Tsarsky variety, the best in terms of fruit ripening and taste. In the leaves of the Tsarsky variety in June and July, the level of carotenoids was ~35% higher than in other samples. No significant varietal differences were found in the content and ratio of mono- and polysaccharides. A decrease in the level of phenols and an increase in the content of polysaccharides and carotenoids contributed to the formation of the sweet-sour taste and color of the fruit. The presence of phenols involved in the activation of protective mechanisms at all stages of fruit formation and development apparently makes it possible to overcome the negative effects of weather conditions. According to biochemical and organoleptic indicators, early ripening varieties Tsarsky and Lel are distinguished.
Conclusion. The dynamics of the biochemical composition of leaves and fruits of winter-hardy apricot varieties of Moscow selection during the process of fruit formation was studied for the first time. Such data may help identify markers for selecting breeding material with adaptive capabilities to biotic and abiotic stresses in central Russia.
Electronic training course "History of Medicine (Department of History, Economics and Law)"
Authors: Shaposhnikov Gennadii Nikolaevich , Airapetova Irina Vasilievna , Ustinov Andrey Leonidovich
Published: December 2024

"The electronic training course ""History of Medicine"" is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher education 3++ for specialties 05/31/2011. Medical care, 05/32.01. Preventive medicine, 05/31/02. Pediatrics, 05/31/03. Dentistry
The purpose of the course is to study the history, patterns and logic of the development of healing, medicine and healthcare of the peoples of the world from antiquity to the beginning of the XXI century.
Course objectives:
to teach students to objectively analyze historical phenomena, achievements and prospects for the development of medicine and healthcare;
to reveal the achievements of outstanding civilizations in the field of medicine in the context of the progressive development of mankind;
to show the interaction of national and international factors in the formation of medical science and practice in various regions of the globe;
to inculcate ethical principles of medical practice and the historical conditions of their formation in various countries;
to cultivate high moral qualities in students: love for their profession, loyalty to duty, feelings of humanism and patriotism;
expand the general scientific and cultural horizons of students.
to form among students the most important cultural and historical guidelines for the civil self-identification of the individual, the assimilation of basic professional values and competencies;
to develop the ability to analyze and compare medical information about the past contained in various sources;
to motivate students to maintain their health and lead a healthy lifestyle.
The complexity of the course: 72 classroom hours are allocated for the study of this discipline, including 36 hours of lectures and 36 hours of seminars."
Frame by Fame: Content Creation on Short Video-Format Platforms
Authors: Deshmane Abhishek , Barriola Xabier
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: Short video format platforms like NetEase and TikTok are attention economies that host user-generated content, in the form of combined video and audio elements, and operate on principles of network virality. This study explores user content creation strategies by focusing on decisions around content release frequency and the incorporation of adopted content in newly generated creations. Methodology/results: We theoretically explore the role of the following three mechanisms influencing these decisions: (a) social hierarchies in the platform’s network structure, (b) virality of content on the platform, and (c) algorithmic interventions through the ranking of content recommendations. To empirically study these relationships, we use a detailed log of user activity on NetEase Cloud Village registered during the month of November 2019 and carry out regression-based analyses. We find that high-status users, measured through their follower count, adapt their content release frequency strategically, slowing down after successful content to avoid dilution of potential virality. We also observe that high-status users generally deviate from prevailing viral trends in their content creation. However, following exceptionally successful releases, they tend to conform more to viral content, suggesting a risk-averse approach. Finally, contrary to algorithm aversion, users prefer content recommended by the platform. However, high-status users disregard algorithms to retain agency in decision making. Managerial implications: Our findings provide a holistic understanding of the content creation process and suggest that platforms could strategically adjust algorithmic ranking policies to foster content creation diversity while catering to the preferences of users with different status levels.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0332 .
The Restaurant Meal Delivery Problem with Ghost Kitchens
Authors: Neria Gal , Hildebrandt Florentin D. , Tzur Michal , Ulmer Marlin W.
Published: December 2024

Restaurant meal delivery has been rapidly growing in the last few years. The main operational challenges are the temporally and spatially dispersed stochastic demand that arrives from customers all over town as well as the customers’ expectation of timely and fresh delivery. To overcome these challenges, a new business concept emerged: ghost kitchens. This concept proposes synchronized food preparation of several restaurants in a central facility. Ghost kitchens can bring several advantages, such as fresher food because of the synchronization of food preparation and delivery and less delay because of the consolidated delivery of orders. Exploiting these advantages requires effective operational strategies for the dynamic scheduling of food preparation and delivery. The goal of this paper is providing these strategies and investigating the value of ghost kitchens. We model the problem as a sequential decision process. For the complex decision space of scheduling order preparations, consolidating orders to trips, and scheduling trip departures, we propose a large neighborhood search (LNS) procedure based on partial decisions and driven by analytical properties. Within the LNS, decisions are evaluated via a value function approximation, enabling anticipatory and real-time decision making. In a comprehensive computational study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method compared with benchmark policies and highlight the advantages of ghost kitchens compared with conventional meal delivery.

Funding: G. Neria’s research is partially supported by the Israeli Smart Transportation Research Center, the Council for Higher Education in Israel, and the Shlomo Shmeltzer Institute for Smart Transportation at Tel Aviv University. F. D. Hildebrandt’s research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) German Research Foundation [Grant 413322447]. M. Tzur’s research is partially supported by the Israeli Smart Transportation Research Center. M. W. Ulmer’s work is funded by the DFG Emmy Noether Programme [Grant 444657906]. We gratefully acknowledge their support.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2024.0510 .
Importation of dogs: animal and public health risks and possible solutions
Authors: Wright Ian , Boyden Paula , Standbridge Alison , Elsheikha Hany
Published: December 2024

The introduction of exotic infections to the UK elicits public health concerns, warranting specific infection control management measures and bespoke regulations. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the importation of large numbers of dogs (legally or illegally) from high-risk areas into the UK. This has led to a growing concern regarding the introduction of novel pathogens such as Brucella canis or Leishmania spp., which can adversely affect animal health and welfare. Additionally, the risk associated with imported dogs infected with zoonotic pathogens affects not only the family adopting them, but also the veterinary professionals, laboratory diagnosticians and potentially the wider public. These risks are not matched with sufficient regulation and surveillance. Regulating dog importation could change the current trajectory of rising levels of importation-related illnesses. However, the responsibility for animal safety, wellbeing and disease control is managed by multiple government departments. This makes it a challenge to coordinate, implement and enforce measures to assess and protect the welfare of imported dogs and stop importing zoonotic pathogens. UK veterinary professionals form a vital part of this jigsaw, and it is essential they have the tools and information at their disposal to advise clients that are travelling and adopting pets from abroad. They also need to be equipped to assess day-to-day parasite risks in pets and tailor infection prevention accordingly.
Tibial tuberosity advancement as a treatment option for cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Entoft Jessica
Published: December 2024

Tibial tuberosity advancement as a treatment option for cranial cruciate ligament disease was developed and introduced in 2002. Since then, several different implants have been developed to improve the technique and reduce the complication rate. Studies into the outcomes of this procedure report a lower rate of both minor and major complications and good to excellent overall function (outcome and lameness) in more than 90% of dogs, as reported by the owners. Tibial tuberosity advancement is a procedure comparable with alternate osteotomy methods of cranial cruciate ligament repair with expected good to excellent functional outcome in a variety of dogs with proper case selection. Dogs with a distal patellar ligament insertion point, an excessive tibial plateau angle and angular and/or torsional limb deformities may be more suited for other surgical techniques.
Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock: Inotropes, Vasopressors and Machines
Authors: Choi Eunice Yun Kwan , Lim Hoong Sern
Published: December 2024

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with significant mortality. Advances in pharmacological therapies and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices have markedly improved the therapeutic approach to CS, though treatment efficacy and safety vary. The recent DanGer shock trial showed a significant reduction in 6-month mortality for CS patients due to acute myocardial infarction. Future randomised trials should evaluate a phenotype-guided pharmaco-MCS approach to the management of CS. This paper summarises contemporary pharmacological and MCS treatments for patients with CS.
Prevalence and Contributors of Postpartum Fatigue in Chinese Primiparous Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhuang Sai , Luo Shasha , Cui Yan , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Yang Hanqing
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background The prevalence of postpartum fatigue among primipara is high in China, which seriously affects women’s subsequent physical and mental recovery. In order to deeply understand this phenomenon, domestic scholars began to conduct research on postpartum fatigue from the aspects of assessment tools and intervention measures. This study aims to investigate postpartum fatigue in primiparous women and its association with family functioning and social support, providing valuable insights for improving the condition in this population.

Methods Primiparous women from February 2023 to March 2024 were selected as participants. Baseline demographic information was collected, and postpartum fatigue levels were assessed using Postpartum Fatigue Scale (PFS) at 7 days postpartum. Social support was evaluated with Postpartum Social Support Scale, and maternal role adaptation was assessed using Maternal Role Adaptation Questionnaire (MRAQ). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between postpartum fatigue levels, role adaptation, and social support.

Results A total of 210 survey questionnaires were distributed; following which, 201 valid questionnaires were received. The total PFS score was 13.93 ± 4.53 points. Among the participants, 50 cases (24.87%) experienced no fatigue, 58 cases (28.86%) with mild fatigue, 78 cases (38.81%) with moderate fatigue, and 15 cases (7.46%) with severe fatigue. There were statistically significant differences in all dimensions and total scores of the Postpartum Social Support Level Scale for primiparas with different levels of postpartum fatigue (p < 0.001), with those facing severe fatigue reporting significantly lower level of social support. There were statistically significant differences in the comparison of each dimension and total score of the role adaptation scale for primiparas with different levels of postpartum fatigue (p < 0.001). The degree of role adaptation in patients with severe fatigue was significantly lower. The PFS score of primiparas was negatively correlated with the level of social support and role adaptation (r = –0.693, r = –0.735, p < 0.001).

Conclusion The majority of primiparous women experience varying degrees of postpartum fatigue at 7 days postpartum. Poor newborn health, artificial feeding, and nighttime feeding frequency ≥4 times per night can exacerbate postpartum fatigue. Good social support and role adaptation are beneficial in alleviating postpartum fatigue. Strengthening social support and role adaptation can help reduce postpartum fatigue levels in primiparous women.
Genetic, phenotypic, and agronomic diversity of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) across agroclimatic zones for environmental adaptation and conservation
Authors: HARIYONO KACUNG , NOVIANA LULUK , UBAIDILLAH MOHAMMAD , KURNIANTO AGUNG SIH , HANDOKO ROSE NOVITA SARI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Hariyono K, Noviana L, Ubaidillah M, Kurnianto AS, Handoko RNS. 2024. Genetic, phenotypic, and agronomic diversity of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) across agroclimatic zones for environmental adaptation and conservation. Biodiversitas 25: 3431-3441. Understanding the genetic and phenotypic diversity of crops like arrowroot is essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring food security. This study, therefore, is of significant importance as it provides insights into how environmental factors influence trait variability, which can inform targeted conservation and agronomic strategies in the context of climate change. This study investigated the genetic, phenotypic, and agronomic diversity of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) across three agroclimatic zones in Jember District, East Java Province, Indonesia, with a focus on the impact of environmental factors on these traits. Sampling was conducted in Wuluhan, Sumbersari, and Arjasa subdistricts, covering 20 locations. Genetic analysis revealed that Arjasa presented the highest genetic diversity, with a median Genetics_Mean of 0.75 and an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.7-0.83, whereas Sumbersari and Wuluhan had median Genetics_Mean values of 0.8 and 0.8, respectively. Phenotypic diversity was also highest in Arjasa, with a Phenotypic_Mean of 0.83 (IQR: 0.78-0.86), whereas it was 0.8 in Sumbersari and 0.82 in Wuluhan. The quantitative traits presented less variability, with median Quantitative_Mean values of 0.22 in Arjasa, 0.19 in Sumbersari, and 0.21 in Wuluhan. The conservation priority index (CPI) was calculated, identifying Antirogo as the location with the highest CPI value of 0.440, indicating a high priority for conservation efforts. In contrast, Kebonsari had the lowest CPI value of 0.235. Principal component analysis (PCA) further highlighted the significant variability in genetic and phenotypic traits across sub-districts, particularly in Arjasa, where unique environmental conditions likely contribute to this diversity. The results emphasize the importance of targeted conservation strategies and agronomic practices to optimize the genetic and phenotypic potential of arrowroot, particularly in the face of environmental variability and global climate change.
Phytochemicals’ compound and antioxidant activities in the food of Pongo tapanuliensis from Batang Toru Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SIANIPAR HERNA FEBRIANTY , WIDORETNO WAHYU , HAKIM LUCHMAN , AMOLIA REZI RAHMI , FATCHIYAH FATCHIYAH
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Sianipar HF, Widoretno W, Hakim L, Amolia RR, Fatchiyah F. 2024. Phytochemicals’ compound and antioxidant activities in the food of Pongo tapanuliensis from Batang Toru Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3454-3463. Campnosperma auriculatum (Blume) Hook.fil. and Agathis borneensis Warb. are food for Pongo tapanuliensis Nurcahyo, Meijaard, Nowak, Fredriksson & Groves, 2017 found in the Batang Toru Forest, Indonesia. Studying the phytochemical properties of both plant species is important part of conservation framework for Tapanuli orangutans because information regarding their nutrient contents and benefits still needs to be investigated. This research examined the closest components, amino acids, and phytochemicals compounds that have antioxidant activity. The C. auriculatum and A. borneensis fruit were tested for proximate, amino acid, phytochemical, total flavonoid content, LC-MS/MS, and FRAP to determine antioxidant activity. The results of proximate and amino acid tests showed that C. auriculatum has higher contents of carbohydrates (74.49%), protein (7.54%), lipids (3.73%), energy from fat (33.57Kcal/100 g), total energy (361.71Kcal /100g), L-Histidine (1704.975ppm), L-Leucine (3759.28ppm), and L-Lysine (2099.038ppm) compared to A. borneensis. The phytochemical tests of both samples were positive for containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolics, and quinolines. The higher flavonoid content is found in C. auriculatum (94.44±2.77mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS results for both samples, C. auriculatum that is (3alpha,20R,24Z)-3-Hydroxy-21-oxoeupha-8,24-dien-26-oic acid, terpenoid group, and A. borneensis, that is Procyanidin B2, the flavonoid group. The higher antioxidant capacity was found in C. auriculatum (4.63±0.111µg/mL). The C. auriculatum has excellent potential as a natural source of nutrition and antioxidants for the Tapanuli orangutan; therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy by cultivating these two plants and using them in pharmacognosy for P. tapanuliensis.
Population and distribution patterns of juvenile scleractinian corals in Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISDIANTO ANDIK , ISHAQ SYAFRIAL YANUAR , YAMINDAGO ADE , IRANAWATI FENI , YANUAR ADI TIYA , HIDAYAH LISA NUR , MARSELA KRISTINA , ADHIHAPSARI WIRASTIKA , LELONO TRI DJOKO , FATHAH AULIA LANUDIA , ATIKAWATI DINI , PUTRI BERLANIA MAHARDIKA , WARDANA NOVAR KURNIA , SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI , LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Isdianto A, Ishaq SY, Yamindago A, Iranawati F, Yanuar AT, Hidayah LN, Marsela K, Adhihapsari W, Lelono TD, Fathah AL, Atikawati D, Putri BM, Wardana NK, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Population and distribution patterns of juvenile scleractinian corals in Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3480-3490. Coral reefs, which play a vital role in tropical marine ecosystems, are threatened by anthropogenic and natural stressors, despite their important ecological and economic roles. This study examines the resilience of coral ecosystems through the lens of juvenile coral populations at Floating House Beach, which is part of the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method along a 100-meter reference line with a 1 × 1-meter transect, our study found that coral cover was severely damaged, with live coral cover of only 18.67% and 17.61% at two observation stations, which was dominated by the life form CM (Coral Massive) at both stations. However, twelve juvenile coral genera were identified that showed potential for natural recovery, namely Acropora, Favia, Favites, Galaxea, Leptoseris, Montipora, Mycedium, Platygyra, Pocillopora, Porites, Stylophora, and Turbinaria. Juvenile coral densities were low, at 0.55 and 0.88 colonies/m², indicating a very low coral recruitment category with Pocillopora being the most common. Spatial distribution, analyzed using the Morisita Index, showed a predominantly clumped arrangement (Ip>0), indicating non-random aggregation of juveniles. The results of this study highlight the significant impact of environmental stressors on juvenile coral communities and underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to support coral resilience and recovery.
Single-frame two-stage fringe projection profilometry based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Li Jinlong , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yu , Luo Lin
Published: December 2024

For dynamic objects with surface discontinuities, traditional fringe projection profilometry struggles to obtain accurate three-dimensional information. To address this challenge, this paper presents a single-frame, dual-stage fringe projection profilometry technique that requires only one deformed fringe pattern and employs two neural networks. The first neural network predicts deformed fringe patterns at different frequencies, while the second neural network predicts the wrapped phase numerator and denominator for each frequency. By integrating a traditional multi-frequency phase unwrapping method with system calibration, a step-by-step 3D measurement process is achieved. Moreover, this paper introduces a convolutional neural network called DARU-Net, which is based on U-Net and demonstrates significant advantages over U-Net and its derivatives in deep learning tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the 3D information of objects with surface height discontinuities using only a single fringe pattern, thus expanding the application scenarios of 3D measurement.
Effect of stimulus size on chromatic discrimination
Authors: Danilova M. V. , Mollon J. D.
Published: December 2024

In psychophysical experiments, discrimination thresholds were measured in different directions around points in the MacLeod–Boynton chromaticity diagram, while the eye was maintained in a state of constant adaptation to a metamer of D65. A spatial forced-choice procedure was used: a brief (150 ms) disk divided into four sectors was presented, and the observers’ task was to detect the sector that differed from the other three. The diameter of the test disk varied from 32 min to 2.4∘ of visual angle. Sensitivity was probed at several different referent positions in the chromaticity diagram, including the adapting chromaticity. The data for each referent were fitted with ellipses. In the case of the largest test size (2.4∘ diameter), ellipses were predominantly oriented so that their longer axis was aligned with the line connecting the center of the ellipse to the chromaticity of D65 (the adaptation point). Along such radial lines, colorimetric purity varies, and the orientation of the ellipses reflects reduced sensitivity to saturation differences compared to hue differences. With decreasing test size, the ellipses change their orientation so that their longer axis is rotated toward a tritan direction, and the detection of changes in chromaticity depends primarily on the activity of long- and middle-wave cones. However, these general principles must be modified in several ways according to the region of the chromaticity diagram that is being probed.
Changes in the spectrum and structure of polariton modes in a class C laser induced by distributed feedback
Authors: Kocharovsky Vladimir V. , Mishin Aleksei V. , Kocharovskaya Ekaterina R.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study investigates the characteristic and dispersion equations of modes in a class C laser, along with the mode spectrum. Aim of study. The aim is to examine how the field structure, frequencies, and wavenumbers of modes are influenced by laser parameters. Method. Numerical modeling of the characteristic and dispersion equations for a class C laser is carried out, with analytical estimates provided in specific cases. Main results. The structure, frequencies, and growth or decay rates of polariton modes are evaluated in relation to the distributed feedback of counterpropagating waves and the population inversion generated by pumping. This analysis is performed for typical parameters of a superradiant laser with an open Fabry–Perot cavity, where the photon lifetime is comparable with or shorter than the phase relaxation time of the optical dipole oscillations of active centers. The findings show that adjusting the distributed-feedback coefficient of counterpropagating waves enables effective control of the polariton mode spectrum, including lasing within the photonic bandgap, where electromagnetic modes are suppressed. Practical significance. The study offers valuable insights into how variations in laser parameters affect the mode spectrum, aiding in the control of lasing.
Method for automated assessment of the effectiveness of fruit safety enhancement using an acousto-optical imaging spectrometer
Authors: Batashova Svetlana S. , Zolotukhina Anastasia A. , Guryleva Anastasia V. , Platonova Natalia B. , Kunina Viktoria A.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on the acquisition,
processing, and interpretation methods and algorithms for spectral
images aimed at evaluating surface defects in fruits. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to
develop a method for assessing fruit preservation techniques based on
the automatic detection and quantitative evaluation of surface defects
using imaging spectroscopy. Method.
Spectral images were acquired using an acousto-optical imaging
spectrometer with a spectral range of 450–850 nm and a bandwidth of
2.5 nm at a wavelength of 650 nm, with a 5 nm step. For processing the
spectral images, well-established operations and algorithms for data
enhancement and analysis were employed. These included correction for
uneven illumination, correction for spatial and spectral inhomogeneity
of the optical system’s transmittance coefficient, various image
filtering techniques, and threshold binarization. Object
classification was based on spectral features. The proposed approach
was tested in an experimental study that evaluated the effectiveness
of preservation techniques for peaches and nectarines using a
treatment that inhibits ethylene production. Main
results. A methodology for spectral image acquisition and
processing was developed, enabling the automated detection and
quantification of surface defects on fruits. An evaluative parameter,
defined as the ratio of the defect area to the total surface area of
the fruit, was introduced. This parameter allowed for comparison under
different experimental conditions. The approving of the approach
demonstrated the feasibility of automated defect size determination on
fruit surfaces, with a relative error of 11%. Practical significance. The developed data processing
algorithms enable regular diagnostics of samples and early
identification of defects. The methodology for data acquisition and
processing can be extended to devices based on other physical
principles for obtaining the spatial distribution of spectral
characteristics of objects. This solution complements existing methods
for assessing fruit preservation techniques and contributes to the
integration of imaging spectrometers into routine practices within the
agro-industrial sector.
Examining the effect of increased pressure in the flow cell on optical power in the channels of a multichannel spectrophotometer
Authors: Bobe Alexandra S. , Voznesenskaya Anna O. , Polyakov Vadim M.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. The effect of increased pressure in the flow cell of a multichannel spectrophotometer on the redistribution of radiation power across fiber-optic channels is analyzed. Aim of study. The study aims to develop a method and algorithm to compensate for the additional error in measuring the transmittance of a substance in a multichannel spectrophotometer system caused by changes in pressure within the flow cell. Method. A model was developed in the Comsol Multiphysics environment, based on the classical theory of elasticity, to describe the mechanical stresses and changes in the deformation profile of the optical windows in a flow cell for various increased pressure levels. Numerical modeling of the deformation profile of optical windows in the flow cell was conducted for different values of increased pressure. These results were subsequently used to calculate the deviation of the wavefront of transmitted radiation and determine the irradiance distribution on the end face of the fiber-optic bundle. Additionally, a simulation using the Zemax Optic Studio software package was performed to justify the use of either an afocal or focusing optical system in the spectrophotometer. Main results. The study demonstrates that increased pressure within the flow cell affects the resulting optical power in the channels of a fiber-optic multichannel spectrophotometer. At a pressure of 100 MPa, the calculated transmittance measurement error for an afocal forming system and a seven-channel fiber-optic bundle reaches 28%. A matrix of correction coefficients and a calibration algorithm were proposed to account for the increased pressure in the flow cell system and the refractive index of the analyte. Practical significance. The findings highlight the necessity of considering the effects of increased pressure in in-line systems. A matrix of calibration coefficients and a calibration algorithm for multichannel spectrophotometers are proposed to enhance the measurement accuracy under variable pressure conditions.
Broadband Absorption Spectroscopy via Plasmon Nanofocusing
Authors: Kidoguchi Haruki , Verma Prabhat , Umakoshi Takayuki
Published: December 2024

Plasmon nanofocusing is a phenomenon that generates strong near-field light at an apex of a metallic tapered structure through plasmon propagation and focusing toward the apex. Among its various characteristics such as back-ground-free from incident light, one of its distinctive advantages is the broadband property. Unlike localized plasmon resonance of a metallic nanostructure, which is excited only near the plasmon resonance wavelength, plasmon nanofocusing is excited over an extremely broad wavelength range as it is not based on resonance, but propagation of plasmons. As we have previously demonstrated the generation of white nanolight source through plasmon nanofocusing for optical nanoimaging [1], broadband plasmon nanofocusing holds a great potential for various nanophotonics techniques.
Floquet-Mie Scattering of Time-Varying Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Hu Guangwei
Published: December 2024

Extreme scattering phenomena, such as nonreciprocity, and parametric amplification, in periodically time-varying mediums have attracted numerous attentions in recent years. Periodically time-varying permittivity is used as an additional degree of freedom in metamaterials or metasurfaces. Here, we investigate the Floquet Mie scattering properties of a spherical nanoparticle coated with a time-varying dispersive shell. Our result can provide insight into the light-matter interaction in the time-varying system and can also guide the antenna design based on the core-shell structure.
Nanoantennas with In-plane Asymmetry for Sensing and Non-centric Emission
Authors: Murai Shusuke , Enomoto Taisuke , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Liang Minpeng , Rivas Jaime Gómez
Published: December 2024

When light is incident on a nanoantenna, i.e., a periodic array of nanoparticles, individual local resonances couple cooperatively and produce surface lattice resonance (SLR). Operating the in-plane symmetry of the nanoantenna would break the in-plane symmetry of the optical response of the SLRs, and also lead to the suppression of radiation of the SLRs to become bound-states in the continuum (BICs) [1]
3D Reconstruction of Veins Using NIR by Efficientnet Model
Authors: Dam Phuong Anh , Huynh Hoang Nhut , Huynh Tan Loc , Vuong Kien Vinh , Nguyen Ngoc An Dang , Tran Anh Tu , Tran Trung Nghia
Published: December 2024

The study proposed a method for visualizing veins using near-infrared (NIR) transillumination imaging and reconstructing 3D structures with an EfficientNet CNN mod-el and pixel-to-pixel technique. NIR imaging, despite being noninvasive, encounters issues with light scattering, resulting in blurry images with poor depth perception. The pro-posed method combines depth estimation and scatter deblurring to improve the clarity and accuracy of 3D reconstructions, specifically targeting veins on the back of the hand.
Contribution of sub-radiant plasmon resonance to surface-enhanced spectroscopy
Authors: Itoh Tamitake , Yamamoto Yuko S.
Published: December 2024

The electromagnetic (EM) mechanisms of surface-enhanced spectroscopy e.g. surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) have been examined using superradiant plasmon resonance, such as the dipole or dipole–dipole (DD) coupled plasmon resonance localized at the gaps between small and symmetric metallic nanoparticle (NP) dimers [1]. The large EM enhancement of DD-coupled resonance at the gaps, namely hotspots (HSs), has received considerable attention because HSs exhibit exotic phenomena such as cw laser excited nonlinear emissions, ultrafast SEF, vibrational pumping, and the field gradient effect [2]. Furthermore, the EM coupling energy between DD-coupled plasmons and a molecular excitons at the HSs exceeds several hundred millielectronvolts, resulting in new physics and chemistry e.g. strong coupling, molecular optomechanics, and polariton chemistry [2,3].
Surface-enhanced Fluorescence by Mie Resonant Silicon Nanosphere Monolayer
Authors: Oanh Vu Thi , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru
Published: December 2024

Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) biosensors are vital for biomedical applications due to their exceptional sensitivity, enabling rapid and precise analyses. Compared to plasmonic resonators suffering from high Ohmic losses, dielectric Mie resonators exhibit lower losses and higher Q resonances. As a dielectric Mie resonator, silicon (Si) nanosphere (NS) with diameters of 100–250 nm is an almost ideal candidate for SEF biosensors due to their strong Mie resonances in the range of visible to near-infrared wavelengths. So far, Si nanostructure arrays have been fabricated with high precision by using electron-beam lithography on a solid substrate. However, it is challenging to create arrays larger than a millimeter scale for naked-eye readable biosensors.
SERS Detection of Chemical Reactions Induced by Optical Heat
Authors: Sanap Balaji , Tanaka Takuo , Yano Taka-aki
Published: December 2024

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique that enables molecular fingerprint-based ultra-sensitive detection through an enhanced electromagnetic field generated by plasmonic metal nanoparticles. This technique has found extensive use in various fields, including chemical sensing, biological imaging, and photochemical reactions, due to its ability to enhance reaction rates and decrease energy barriers at the nanoscale.
Absorption Enhancement of Excitons in WS2 by Silicon Huygens’ Metasurface
Authors: Chen Dingwei , Takahara Junichi
Published: December 2024

Strong visible absorption of light in semiconducting two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is essential for improving the photocarrier extraction efficiency in optoelectronic devices [1,2]. However, their ultrathin thickness leads to limited optical absorption[3]. To accomplish adequate light absorption, a dielectric-based Silicon (Si) Huygens’ metasurface (HMS) based on degenerate critical coupling (DCC) can realize superimposed modes enhancement effects on WS2 [4, 5].
Compact super multi-view and foveated holographic near eye display for augmented reality and virtual reality applications
Authors: Park Jae-Hyeung , Choi Myeong-Ho , Han Woongseob , Kim Minseong
Published: December 2024

Near eye displays (NEDs) are glasses-type wearable displays that play a pivotal role in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. Various optical techniques have been developed to realize compact form factor, light weight, wide field of view, large eyebox, and high angular resolution. However, natural three-dimensional (3D) image presentation without the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) remains a challenging issue. The VAC adversely affects the visual comfort of users, leading to eye fatigue, particularly during prolonged use. To address the VAC, NEDs should present optical 3D images to each individual eye of the users. Super multi-view (SMV) and holographic display techniques can generate optical 3D images and their application to the NEDs has been an active research topic recently.
Mode Switching in Few-Mode Fibers Using Electric Field Controlled Dynamic Off-set Coupling
Authors: Sharma Isha , Chaudhuri Partha Roy
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant R&D focus on developing optical fiber-based technologies in photonics and broadband communication systems. The surge in data communication and cloud computing has led to an exponential increase in communication traffic. To address this challenge, few-mode fibers and mode division multiplexing (MDM) have become promising solutions. Mode converters are essential components in MDM systems, and various types have been proposed and experimentally validated. These converters utilize a range of techniques, including acousto-optic transducers and structured optical waveguides, to achieve their functionality [1].
Performant Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Polarizer with an S-bend waveguide
Authors: Jin Fengyang , Lang Tingting , Guan Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is currently emerging as a popular photonic integration circuit (PIC) platform for its versatile material superiorities[1]. Diverse performant devices have been demonstrated in the TFLN PICs, such as modulators[2] and passive devices[3]. While polarizer is a fundamental building block for the PICs, it is not a trivial to realize it in the TFLN PICs attributed to the birefringence of the material (X-cut TFLN) and the temporarily unavoidable slant sidewalls of the TFLN waveguide. TFLN waveguide polarizers have been experimentally realized using long period gratings[4] or Eule bends[5] showing extinction ratios (ERs) of ～20 dB and losses of ～1.5 dB. In this work, we demonstrate TFLN polarizers using an S-bend waveguide where TM modes are leaked out, exhibiting ERs～50 dB and losses～0.4 dB.
Modelling of CO2 Gas Sensing using Spectral Envelope of SoI Integrated Racetrack Resonator
Authors: Vardhan Shalini , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Kushwaha Aditya , Verma Priyanka , Singh Ritu Raj
Published: December 2024

Silicon on Insulator (SoI) technology has tantalized the photonics world in terms of integrated device modeling encountering with numerous applications. Many gas sensors can be designed using SoI technique with lower scaling factor and higher operational speed [1]. The emission of Carbon dioxide is a natural process but excess emisson is a result of burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, increase in the use of automobiles [2]. People who work in automobile industries more likely face the respiratory problems, dizziness etc. To address these issues a gas sensor is designed to detect the excess of emitted CO2. In this manuscript an approach to sense CO2 gas using microring racetrack resonator is demonstrated. The sensing analysis is done on the basis of change in the refractive index (RI) in the cavity region which will result in the envelope spectrum shift.