bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Karyotypic Diversity in Species of Hyla (Anura; Hylidae) with 2n = 30 Chromosomes Based on the Analysis of Ten Species
Authors: Gruber S. L. , Haddad C. F. B. , Kasahara Sanae
Published: February 2025

Ten species of Hyla with 2n = 30 from Brazilian fauna were analysed cytogenetically. Hyla minuta is the unique presenting all bi-armed metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes in the karyotype, therefore, with the highest FN = 60. The remaining species have a variable number of uni-armed telocentric or subtelocentric chromosomes: H. cruzi, H. elianeae, and H. rubicundula with three pairs (FN = 54), H. berthalutzae, H. elegans, H. microps, and H. nana with four pairs (FN = 52), and H. nahdereri and H. sanborni with five pairs (FN = 50). The uni-armed elements are among pairs 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, and 15, which also appeared with metacentric or submetacentric morphology. The remaining chromosome pairs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 were never found to be telocentric or subtelocentric. AgNOR patterns are species-specific, the majority of the species exhibiting a single pair with AgNORs, with the exception of H. elegans and H. nana with more than one chromosome pair bearing this cytological marker. C banding was obtained in H. berthalutzae, H. cruzi, H. elegans, H. elianeae, H. microps, H. minuta, H. nahdereri, and H. nana, which showed positively stained centromeric heterochromatin. Our analysis confirms the great karyotypic diversity in the species of Hyla with 2n = 30, with no species sharing identical karyotypes.
Are the T/C Polymorphism of the CYP17 Gene and the Tetranucleotide Repeat (TTTA) Polymorphism of the CYP19 Gene Genetic Markers for Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Caucasians?
Authors: Letonja M. , Peterlin B. , Bregar D. , Petrovič Daniel
Published: February 2025

Gender differences in CAD have been clearly documented, and sex hormones have been recognized to influence the risk of CAD. The cytochrome P450c17α αgene (CYP17) and the CYP19 gene influence concentrations of sex hormones. In this cross-sectional association study we tested the hypothesis whether the T/C polymorphism of the CYP17 gene and the tetranucleotide repeat (TTTA) polymorphism of the CYP19 gene are genetic markers for CAD in Caucasians. The TT genotype of the CYP17 gene polymorphism was not associated with premature CAD in men and women combined (OR 0.9; 95% CI = 0.6–1.4; P = 0.7), in men only (OR 1; 95% CI = 0.6–1.8; P = 0.7), and in women only (OR 0.8; 95% CI = 0.5–1.4; P = 0.4). The tetranucleotide repeat (TTTA) CYP19 gene polymorphism was not associated with premature CAD. Moreover, the genotypes containing the longer alleles (A6 or A7) were not associated with a lower incidence of CAD, and the genotypes containing the shorter alleles (A1 or A2) were not over-represented in the CAD patients. We may conclude that in Caucasian subjects neither the T/C CYP17 gene polymorphism nor the tetranucleotide repeat (TTTA) polymorphism of the CYP19 gene contributes to the genetic susceptibility to CAD, therefore they may not be used as genetic markers for CAD risk assessment.
A new species of Desertifilum (Desertifilales, Cyanobacteria) from a monument of Western Odisha, India
Authors: Smruti M , Sudipta D K , Lakshmi S
Published: February 2025

A new species of subaerophytic cyanobacteria under the genus Desertifilum is described from a stone pillar within a temple in western Odisha, India. The blackish crust known as biofilms was isolated from a sub-aerial habitat of Balangir district, western Odisha was characterised by light and electron microscopy. The new taxon was to be closest to Desertifilum tharense (Oscillatorials). The taxon, Desertifilum adhikarii is morphologically distinguished from so far documented species under the genus. The novelty of the species is also supported by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and habitat.
Silver nanoparticles: Toxicity and inhibitory effects against Aflatoxins
Authors: Darinka G A , Tatjana K P
Published: February 2025

Among the numerous nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are the most employed. Significant focus has been given to their dual role due to their versatile properties. Beneficial, on the one side, as potent antimicrobial properties determine different applications in medicine, agriculture, and food safety, to potentially harmful on the other side. Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic strains of fungi, are highly toxic substances recognized for their influence on processes of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression and estrogenic properties in animals and humans, posing severe threats to health through contaminated food and feed. Thus, this paper explores the toxicity mechanisms of AgNPs and their inhibitory effects on aflatoxins, a class of mycotoxins produced mostly by Aspergillus species that pose significant health risks. The interaction between AgNPs and aflatoxins is examined, highlighting the potential of AgNPs in mitigating aflatoxin contamination. The article gives a summary of the synthesis, properties, and dual roles of AgNPs in the toxicity and inhibition of aflatoxins, concentrating on their possible uses and safety concerns at the end. It is found that elements affect AgNP’s toxicity, like particle solubility, surface area, surface charge, size, concentration, formulation, tendency to agglomerate, and exposure duration. Therefore, assessing the safe levels of AgNP exposure and developing guidelines for their use in different fields are crucial for minimizing the risks. It can be summarized that the biosynthesized AgNPs generated through green synthesis, owing to their biocompatibility and low toxicity, could be applied in harmless concentrations as strong antifungals and anti-mycotoxins. This can offer significant potential for enhancing food safety due to their strong antimicrobial properties, which can inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and extend shelf life. However, the potential for nanoparticle migration into food must be considered, which raises critical concerns about human health, regulatory challenges, and environmental impact.
LARGE: A Length-Aggregation-Based Grid Structure for Line Density Visualization
Authors: Chan Tsz Nam , Zhu Bojian , Wu Dingming , Peng Yun , U Leong Hou
Published: February 2025

Line Density Visualization (LDV) is an important operation of geospatial analysis, which has been extensively used in many application domains, e.g., urban planning, criminology, and transportation science. However, LDV is computationally demanding. Therefore, existing exact solutions are not scalable (or even not feasible) to support large-scale datasets and high resolution sizes for generating LDV. To handle the efficiency issues, we develop the first solution to approximately compute LDV with an
ϵ
-relative error guarantee, which consists of two main parts. First, we develop the new indexing structure, called length-aggregation-based grid structure (LARGE). Second, based on LARGE, we develop two types of fast bound functions, namely (1) square-shaped lower and upper bound functions and (2) arbitrary-shaped lower and upper bound functions, which can filter a large portion of unnecessary computations. By theoretically analyzing the tightness of our bound functions and experimentally comparing our solution with existing exact solutions on four large-scale datasets, we demonstrate that our solution can be scalable to generate high-resolution LDVs using large-scale datasets. In particular, our solution achieves up to 291.8x speedups over the state-of-the-art solutions.
SQL Engines Excel at the Execution of Imperative Programs
Authors: Fischer Tim , Hirn Denis , Grust Torsten
Published: February 2025

SQL query engines can act as efficient runtime environments for the execution of imperative programs over database-resident tabular data. To make this point, we lay out the details of a compilation strategy that maps the basic blocks of arbitrarily branching and looping control flow graphs into plain---possibly recursive---SQL:1999 common table expressions. The compiler does not stumble when faced with imperative programs of several hundred lines and emits SQL code that can execute such programs over entire batches of input arguments. These batches create opportunities for parallel program evaluation which contemporary query decorrelation techniques exploit automatically. SQL engines that already support UDFs may find the present program execution approach to outperform their native implementation---SQL engines without such support may gain UDF capabilities without the need to build a dedicated interpreter.
Scaling your Hybrid CPU-GPU DBMS to Multiple GPUs
Authors: Yogatama Bobbi , Gong Weiwei , Yu Xiangyao
Published: February 2025

GPU-accelerated databases have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their massive parallelism and high memory bandwidth. The limited GPU memory capacity, however, is still a major bottleneck for GPU databases.

Existing approaches have attempted to address this limitation by using (1) hybrid CPU-GPU DBMS or (2) multi-GPU DBMS. We aim to improve prior solutions further by leveraging both hybrid CPU-GPU DBMS and multi-GPU DBMS at the same time. In particular, we explore the design space and optimize the
data placement
and
query execution
in hybrid CPU and multi-GPU DBMS. To improve data placement, we introduce the
cache-aware replication policy
which takes into account the cost of shuffle when replicating data and could coordinate both caching and replication decisions for the best performance. To improve query execution, we extend the existing hybrid CPU-GPU query execution strategy with distributed query processing techniques to support multiple GPUs. We build a system called
Lancelot
, a hybrid CPU and Multi-GPU data analytics engine with all the optimizations integrated.

Our evaluation shows that the
cache-aware replication
outperforms other policies by up to 2.5× and Lancelot outperforms existing GPU DBMSes by at least 2× on Star Schema Benchmark and 12× on TPC-H Benchmark.
F-stability, entropy and energy gap for supercritical Fujita equation
Authors: Wang Kelei , Wei Juncheng , Wu Ke
Published: February 2025

We study some problems on self-similar solutions to the Fujita equation when

p
>

(

n
+
2

)

/

(

n
−
2

)

p>(n+2)/(n-2)

, especially, the characterization of constant solutions by its energy.
Motivated by recent advances in mean curvature flows, we introduce the notion of 𝐹-functional, 𝐹-stability and entropy for solutions of supercritical Fujita equation.
Using these tools, we prove that, among bounded nonzero self-similar solutions, the constant solutions have the lowest entropy.
Furthermore, there is also a gap between the entropy of constant and non-constant solutions.
As an application of these results, we prove that if

p
>

(

n
+
2

)

/

(

n
−
2

)

p>(n+2)/(n-2)

, then the blow-up set of type I blow-up solutions is the union of an

(

n
−
1

)

(n-1)

-rectifiable set and a set of Hausdorff dimension at most

n
−
3

n-3

.
On the Laguerre polynomial approximation errors and lower type of entire functions of irregular growth
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Alghamdi Azza M.
Published: February 2025

It has been noted that lower type of an entire function completely ignores the value of lower order. The question arises for entire functions of irregular growth that what happens when we replace order by an arbitrary nonzero finite number. Here in this article our aim is to solve this problem by defining new lower

(

p
,
q

)

\left(p,q)

-type by using a

(

p
,
q

)

\left(p,q)

-scale,

(

p
≥
q
≥
1

)

\left(p\ge q\ge 1)

for an entire function. Moreover, a relationship has been established between lower

(

p
,
q

)

\left(p,q)

-type of entire function solutions of linear homogeneous partial differential equation of second order with coefficients occurring in series expansion and Laguerre polynomial approximation errors in sup norm.
An open-label, single dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of Withania somnifera root extract in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sharma Eshita , Ganu Gayatri , Kshirsagar Ketan , Shah Ashwin , Mahale Umakant , Mehta Anirudh , Nair Sujit
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is a health-beneficial Ayurvedic medicinal plant with great potential as an adaptogen with rejuvenating and anti-aging effects. However, studies investigating pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of WS on humans are limited. The present study evaluated PK, safety, and tolerability of WS root extract (2.5 % total withanolides) capsules upon oral administration of two capsules of 200 mg each (total 400 mg) in healthy male and female volunteers.

Methods

An open label, single dose, clinical design comprising healthy volunteers was employed. The study evaluated PK parameters of the four bioactive constituents viz. withanoside IV, withaferin A, 12-deoxy-withastramonolide, and withanolide A in WS root extract after analysis of plasma using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. Further, safety and tolerability assessment for vital signs, testing for organ function, urine examination, X-ray, ECG, as well as adverse events profile were also investigated.

Results

After oral administration of 2 WS capsules (200 mg each), the participants reported normal physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters with no abnormalities in safety metrics. For the four bioactives, the exposure parameters range between 0.472 and 4.468 ng/mL (Cmax), 1.000–1.416 h (Tmax), and 2.051–13.319 ng/mL*h (AUC 0-t). Further, t1/2 (1.696–4.377 h), lambda_z (0.141–0.282 L/h), Cl/F (0.065–0.954 mg/(ng/ml)/h), AUMC 0-inf_obs (21.720–80.485 ng/mL*hˆ2) and MRT 0-inf_obs (3.680–7.516 h) also differed for each bioactive.

Conclusions

The present study elucidated the PK of WS and showed that healthy male and female volunteers may safely consume WS capsules at a dose of 400 mg (2 capsules of 200 mg) without any harmful effects.
Use of modeling, BIM technology, and virtual reality in nondestructive testing and inventory, using the example of the Trzonolinowiec
Authors: Napiórkowski Mateusz , Szóstak Mariusz , Schabowicz Krzysztof , Klimek Adam
Published: February 2025

This article presents the use of the building information modeling (BIM) methodology during the inventory of a residential building called “Trzonolinowiec” located in Wroclaw, Poland. The use of BIM methodology makes it possible to obtain more accurate two-dimensional (2D) documentation based on the three-dimensional (3D) model of the surveyed object. The article additionally discusses the possibility of extending the conducted inventory with new technologies (including laser scanners, unmanned aerial vehicles, and virtual reality [VR]). Laser scanners make it possible to take fast and accurate measurements in the form of point clouds, based on which it is possible to make accurate 3D models and then 2D projections. Unmanned aerial vehicles make it possible to inspect in hard-to-reach places and to make a point cloud (once the scanner is connected) of the facade and roof. VR was presented as a technology that allows immersive viewing of a virtual environment – a 3D model. The article discusses the scope prepared for the expertise and possible future directions during subsequent inventories. A 3D model of the inventoried building was prepared, mapping the building’s geometry and its location in the local geodetic system as an example of the capabilities of the proposed technologies. The paper discusses the scope prepared for the expertise, possible future directions during subsequent inventories, and the current limitations of the proposed solutions.
Financial Stability and Monetary Policy Autonomy in Japan. Should Japan Peg the Yen to the Dollar?
Authors: Schnabl Gunther , Schürmann Christof
Published: February 2025

Given rising inflation the Bank of Japan has come under pressure to tighten monetary policy. The paper examines the risks of an interest rate hike for the sustainability of Japanese government debt, the Bank of Japan and the Japanese financial sector and derives possible repercussions for national and international financial stability. It finds significant valuation and currency risks in the private financial sector that limit the Bank of Japan’s room for manoeuvre. Pegging the yen to the dollar would eliminate appreciation expectations and reduce inflation risk. The loss of freedom in monetary policy making would be small.
Numerical study of catalytic converter geometries and their impact on exhaust back pressure and energy conversion in engine exhaust systems using parametric simulation: insights into non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Thakur Arpit , Sharma Ashish , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Shubham , Patil Nagaraj , Kanchan Sumit , Raja V.K. Bupesh , Mahapatro Abinash , Gupta Deepak , El Sayed Massoud Ehab
Published: February 2025

In this investigation, the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are employed to investigate the implications of geometric parameters on engine performance and exhaust back pressure in catalytic converters. The effects of components utilized for engine exhaust management on exhaust back pressure and anomalous engine operation have been extensively studied. This study explores how the geometric parameters of catalytic converters influence back pressure in the exhaust manifold through a detailed numerical analysis. Five models of catalytic converter with different geometric parameters at the inlet section, outlet section, inlet cone angle, outlet cone angle, and porous zone were tested to determine the variations in back pressure. For the monolith, a porous region is used where inertia and viscosity are defined by Darcy’s law, and discrete channel simulation is performed using the “Reynolds-average Naiver-Stokes (RANS) equations”, k-ω turbulence model, and a pressure-based solver. The numerical findings revealed that back pressure increased by up to 15 % with the rise in exhaust gas velocity from 0 to 25 m/s. Among the five models, the optimal configuration reduced back pressure by approximately 20 % compared to the baseline model, primarily due to adjustments in the length of the porous zone and conical sections. The outcomes demonstrate that the back pressure rises as the velocity of exhaust gas rises, and the optimization of configurations is determined by the design of the porous zone and conical sections. The findings prove that the efficiency of catalytic converters is considerably enhanced through the role of transport processes of mass, momentum, and energy, as variations in geometric configurations have a substantial effect on back pressure. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights that could lead to the development of more efficient catalytic converters, thereby enhancing the control of automotive emissions and sustainable environmental practices. Key contributions of this study include a systematic evaluation of back pressure variations across multiple geometries, offering a pathway for enhanced engine performance and reduced environmental impact. The results have practical implications in improving design methodologies for catalytic converters, with potential applications in real-world automotive manufacturing.
Numerical investigation on fluid-thermal-electric performance of a thermoelectric-integrated helically coiled tube heat exchanger for coal mine air cooling
Authors: Lu Xing , Dai Renkun , Deng Jun , Ma Ting
Published: February 2025

Mine cooling and refrigeration system to deal with the heat hazard is well developed, but the mine air cooler which serves as the most important terminal equipment is relatively backward. The severe heat hazard and urgent cooling demand in deep underground mines necessitate further improvement of cooling capacity and effectiveness under strict requirements such as being compact, portable, nontoxic, and no-pollution. The thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion technology has great potential in cooling and miniaturization applications, which can meet the strict requirements of the underground mine cooling devices. Yet, a research gap exists in integrating TE energy conversion technology with the traditional air-cooling heat exchanger to the best of our knowledge. In this work, a hybrid utilization of TE and the helically coiled tube heat exchanger (HCEX) is proposed for air cooling at the working face of underground mine. The advantage of the TE-integrated HCEX lies in the combination of the heat transfer enhancement effect by secondary flow induced inside the helically coiled tube and the solid-state Peltier cooling effect by the TE module positioned on the external shell wall of the heat exchanger, which can potentially improve the air-cooling capacity without occupying large space. A numerical simulation of the fluid-thermal-electric multiphysics field is performed to investigate the cooling rate and the effectiveness of the TE-integrated HCEX. Results show that additional cooling power can be effectively provided by TE. As the filling ratio (FR) of TE module on the external shell wall increases from 50 to 100%, the air-cooling capacity continuously increases, performing better than that of the conventional HCEX. The effect of air inlet temperature and inlet velocity on the cooling performance is investigated for the best design of the TE-integrated HCEX with FR of 100%. When the inlet temperature of air increases from 303.15 to 313.15 K under constant inlet velocity, the cooling rate increases and cooling effectiveness decreases. Also, the cooling rate increases and the cooling effectiveness decreases when the inlet velocity of air increases from 10 to 25 m s−1 under constant inlet temperature. Within the simulated range of air inlet conditions in this work, the maximum total cooling rate Q
c,total at optimal current of 6 A for the TE-integrated HCEX results in an enhancement of 49.8 to 35.0% compared to the conventional HCEX. The maximum cooling effectiveness at optimal current of 6 A is 21.73–26.49% for the TE-integrated HCEX, which is higher than the effectiveness of the conventional HCEX of 15.74–18.24%.
Zu ausgewählten Amuletten der Römischen Kaiserzeit und Völkerwanderungszeit in der westlichen
Germania magna
Authors: Schulte Lothar
Published: February 2025

Kaum Beachtung fanden bisher zahlreiche Objekte der Römische Kaiserzeit und Völkerwanderungszeit in der westlichen Germania magna, die als Amulette gedeutet werden können und denen eine Bedeutung im Volksglauben oder der Volksmedizin zukam. Aus einer Vielzahl an infrage kommenden Exemplaren werden Fossilien (Echiniten, Belemniten und weitere), prismatische Knochenanhänger („Donaramulette“), durchbohrte Hartteile von Tieren (Zähne, Krallen und Knochen), Geweihrosenringe, verzierte Ringe und Scheiben aus Bein, Ringbrünnen (Kettengeflechte) sowie gebundene Anhänger untersucht. Im Vordergrund stehen die Fragen nach Gruppenzuordnungen, räumlichen und zeitlichem Vorkommen. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass all diese Objekte überwiegend in Gräbern von Frauen und subadulten Individuen vorkommen, einzelne Objekttypen bedeutend seltener, aber gesichert auch in Männergräbern. Während eine Reihe von Amuletten, wie Fossilien, durchbohrte Hartteile von Tieren und wohl auch Geweihrosenringe, bereits zu Beginn der älteren Römischen Kaiserzeit vorkommen und in einer längeren Tradition stehen, erscheinen gebundene Anhänger, Cypraea-Schnecken, Kettengeflechte und prismatische Knochenanhänger sukzessive als neue Amulette im Untersuchungszeitraum. Sie alle fanden wenigstens bis ins frühe Mittelalter weiter Verwendung.

Für eine Reihe von Objekten ist anzunehmen, dass ihnen einen Amulettcharakter zugesprochen wurden. Die bislang geringe Fundanzahl von Geweihstangen, Quarzobjekten, durchbohrten Terra sigillata-Scherben, Glas- und Bernsteinanhänger, Archaika sowie unterschiedlichen, als besonders anzusehenden Steinen, wie „Krähensteine“, „Adlersteine“ oder „Hühnergötter“, lässt es allerdings fraglich erscheinen, ob sie regelhaft Verwendung fanden, sie nur lokal oder individuell genutzt wurden oder es sich bei ihnen lediglich um Schmuckstücke handelte.
Les cours comodaux : quelles actions mettre en place pour intégrer les personnes étudiantes à distance?
Authors: Chauret Mélodie , Lakhal Sawsen , Grenon Vincent , Mukamurera Joséphine
Published: February 2025

En contexte d’enseignement, la création d’un cours comodal constitue un défi pour la personne conceptrice puisqu’il faut enseigner simultanément en présence et à distance. Comment les personnes enseignantes doivent-elles préparer les activités d’enseignement-apprentissage? Comment bien intégrer les personnes étudiantes à distance dans le cours? Cet article se distingue en proposant des actions enseignantes permettant d’appliquer les présences institutionnelle, enseignante, cognitive et sociale dans les cours comodaux, afin de faciliter l’intégration des personnes étudiantes à distance. Enfin, des ressources pour la planification, la conception et l’animation de cette modalité d’enseignement sont également présentées dans cet article.
Eugeniusz Waśkowski o projekcie i ustawie Kodeks postępowania cywilnego z 1930/1933 roku – część I
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Żochowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

Eugeniusz Waśkowski is regarded as an eminent Polish civil law and lawsuit specialist of the procedure of law, although he did not live in Poland until 1924 when he turned 58. His earlier years were spent in the Russian Empire and in Bolshevik Ukraine. In Russia he was one of the most respected specialists of the procedure of law and of the civil law, and his works have continuously been reissued in the last 30 years. He arrived in Poland when the works on civil procedure had reached an advanced level. Probably as a result of this, he was not included in the work of the Codification Commission on the Polish civil procedure, although he became a member of it in 1928. This does not mean, however, that he did not have any influence on the Polish civil procedure – which is the subject of the article. The research described in the article shows that the comments made by Waśkowski in 1928, in relation to the draft of the civil procedure developed by the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland, often corresponded to the changes introduced into the draft according to the later draft of 1930. This was established by comparing the wording of individual provisions resulting from the draft developed by the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland to which Waśkowski referred, the content of Waskowski’s comments of 1928 and the content of the draft in the redaction published in 1930 and the codes of civil procedure of 1930 and 1964. Dealing with these changes is important and may be of practical significance, since the vast majority of the provisions in the wording given to them in the 1930 draft of civil procedure became law as of 1 January 1933. Subsequently, many of them were transferred directly or with amendments to the Civil Procedure Code of 1964 currently in force.
Liability Related to Animals in the Statute of the Lwów Armenian Community
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Dzikowski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

The pre-partition Kingdom of Poland was considered homeland by numerous minorities, including a group of Middle-Eastern immigrants – the Armenian diaspora. They brought with them their own laws, customs, faith and language, and after settling in a new place, in south-eastern Poland, they were able to interact with other residents and creatively transform and develop their legal system. The creation of the Lwów Armenian Statute was initiated by a dispute between the Lwów city authorities and members of the Armenian community in 1518. The content of the normative text of the Statute, however, predates its final redaction. In fact, it is a patchwork and complex normative act. The most important of its sources was the oldest Armenian lawcode: the Datastanagirk of Mkhitar Gosh. His work integrated various legal concepts, most essential of which constituted the Mosaic law of the Pentateuch. Both Mkhitar Gosh and his unknown successors did not simply copy and join together parts of earlier normative acts, they rather processed, re-read, and up-dated norms. The discussed Statute contains legal solutions which adopted in an original way the legal thought of different sources and created own, innovative normative concepts. Among those we can find a variety of legal norms covering liability related to animals.
Centralna Komisja Wyborcza w strukturze administracji wyborczej Gruzji
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Daniluk Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses selected legal issues concerning the functioning of the Central Election Commission (CEC) within the framework of Georgia’s electoral administration. The topic is particularly pertinent in the light of the upcoming 2024 Georgian presidential elections, which are accompanied by significant public expectations. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal status of the CEC, grounded in the normative framework of the Georgian Election Code and in other subordinate regulations. This issue has not been the subject of any significant scholarly attention within the Georgian legal doctrine, and the Election Code of Georgia has not yet been subject to comprehensive commentary. The avoidance of this topic by legal scholars may be interpreted as a reluctance to engage into potential criticism that could provoke reprisals from the authorities. This study employs a doctrinal legal analysis, focusing on the relevant legislative acts to address the research question concerning the role and functions of the CEC and its organs in the enforcement of electoral law in Georgia.
ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ХОЗЯЙСТВА В РАЙОНАХ НОВОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ
Authors: БАКЛАНОВ П.Я. , МОШКОВ А.В.
Published: February 2025

В регионах Тихоокеанской России выделены две меридиональные зоны, состоящие из территорий субъектов РФ: приморская (Чукотский автономный округ, Магаданская область, Камчатский, Хабаровский и Приморский края, Сахалинская область) и континентальная (республики Якутия и Бурятия, Забайкальский край, Амурская область и Еврейская автономная область). Сочетания видов деятельности по субъектам и меридиональным зонам рассматриваются как элементы их территориально-хозяйственных структур. Показаны различия меридиональных зон по их территориальным структурам хозяйства, социально-экономическому потенциалу и уровню освоенности. Отмечено, что наибольший уровень развития характерен для территориально-хозяйственных структур приморской зоны. Для меридиональных зон выделяются благоприятные и неблагоприятные факторы долгосрочного развития. Рациональное использование этих факторов может обеспечить формирование структуры хозяйства регионов в виде взаимосвязанных цепочек добавленной стоимости, представляющих собой эффективные формы территориальной организации производства.

In the regions of Pacific Russia, two meridional zones have been identified, consisting of the following territories (federal subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District): 1) the seaside zone including Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Oblast, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, and Sakhalin Oblast; and 2) the continental zone including the Republics of Yakutia and Buryatia, Zabaikalsky Krai, Amur Oblast and Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Combinations of industries by federal subjects and by meridional zones are considered as elements of their territorial and economic structures. The differences between the meridional zones according to their territorial structures of economy, socio-economic potential and the level of development are shown. It is noted that the highest level of development is typical for the territorial and economic structures of the seaside zone. Favorable and unfavorable factors of the long-term development in the meridional zones are distinguished. Rational use of these factors can ensure the formation of the structure of the regional economy in the form of interconnected chains of added value, which represent effective forms of territorial organization of production.
Potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomų pokyčiai pasinaudojus į traumą orientuotos kognityvinės elgesio terapijos principais grįsta internetu teikiama intervencija: bandomojo tyrimo rezultatai
Authors: Geležėlytė Odeta , Guogaitė Greta , Nomeikaitė Augustė , Bisson Jonathan , Lewis Catrin , Jackūnaitė Greta , Kasperavičiūtė Emilija , Kazlauskas Evaldas
Published: February 2025

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder. However, only a part of people with PTSD receive the necessary treatment. Digital interventions could provide a more accessible alternative to the traditional face-to-face therapies. ‘Spring’ is an internet-based guided self-help intervention developed at Cardiff University (UK). It is based on the principles of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and has been developed with the objective to reduce mild to moderate PTSD symptoms associated with a single traumatic experience. The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in the mental health indicators of individuals with PTSD after using the Lithuanian version of ‘Spring’. Data from seven women with PTSD who used the ‘Spring’ intervention were analysed. The mean age of the participants was 41 years (SD = 15). The results showed a significant reduction in posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms, and an increase in psychological well-being after the intervention. The reduction in PTSD symptoms was statistically reliable for all participants, and six of the seven participants showed changes corresponding with a loss of their probable PTSD diagnosis after undergoing ‘Spring’. Overall satisfaction with the intervention was high. The early results from this pilot study of the Lithuanian version of ‘Spring’ guided internet-based intervention show that it can be a promising PTSD treatment method. More research is still needed to evaluate the efficaciousness of ‘Spring’ in larger samples.
О способах перевода на китайский язык вербального хезитатива как его (её, их) в русских художественных текстах
Authors: Сунь Сяоли
Published: February 2025

Разговорная лексика и особенности устного дискурса широко представлены в художественных про-изведениях, в основном в прямой, диалогической, речи персонажей. В такой – квазиспонтанной, стилизованной под реальную разговорную – речи часто употребляются разные прагматические маркеры, в том числе вербальные хезитативы (ВХ), маркирующие различные затруднения гово-рящего. Настоящая работа посвящена анализу особенностей перевода одного такого ВХ – как его (её, их) – на китайский язык. Материалом для исследования стали 39 контекстов из 8 русских про-изведений из основного подкорпуса Национального корпуса русского языка и их параллельные ки-тайские переводы. Анализ материала показал, что ВХ как его (её, их) часто функционирует в комби-нации с маркером это. Переводчики часто переводят как его (её, их) как полнозначное выражение с той же поисково-хезитативной функцией как его (её, их) зовут/называют, а ВХ это – как китайские аналоги 这个 чжэ гэ или 那个 на гэ. Таким образом, понимание и воспроизведение функции данных маркеров и их цепочек, похоже, не доставляет переводчикам особых трудностей. Однако понима-ние особенностей функционирования ВХ в исходном тексте требует от переводчика применения метода дискурсивного анализа.
The Status of Nurses Working in Surgical Units in Delivering Patient Education on Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Özbaş Nilgün
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study was planned to examine the status of education delivered by nurses working in surgical units regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2024 and June 2024. The study participants consisted of 126 nurses working in the surgical units of a city hospital in Türkiye. Data were collected using the "Patient Education Practice Form" developed by the researcher. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median values) were used for data analysis.

Results: When examining the nurses' education practices, 19.8% stated that they always delivered patient education on mobilization, ankle exercises, and correct leg positioning while sitting; 19.1% on signs and symptoms of VTE; 19.0% on lifestyle changes; 18.3% on anticoagulants; 18.2% on laboratory tests in pharmacological prophylaxis; 17.5% on situations requiring emergency admission and patient safety; 16.7% on hydration; and 15.9% on elevating the legs and using compression stockings. The issues nurses faced in delivering patient education included difficult working conditions and insufficient nursing staff (86.5%), lack of knowledge about VTE (54.8%), absence of guidelines on VTE and patient education in the clinic (53.2%), considering patient education as the physician's responsibility (48.4%), insufficient presentation and teaching skills (47.6%), lack of prioritization of patient education activities in the institution, lack of teaching materials (45.2%), and low health literacy of patients (32.5%).

Conclusion: Increasing nurses' knowledge and awareness through education on delivering patient education regarding VTE and addressing the perceived barriers to patient education by surgical nurses are essential for ensuring effective patient instruction.
Serious Games to Improve Privacy and Security Knowledge for Professionals: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Moumouh Chaimae , García-Berná José A. , Chkouri Mohamed Y. , Fernández-Alemán José L.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the use of serious games (SGs) for teaching information security and privacy, focusing on their effectiveness in raising cybersecurity awareness among employees. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, guided by nine research questions: the publication trends, environments, intellectual property, game genres, mechanics, player profiles, and the effectiveness of SGs in improving employees’ cybersecurity knowledge. Which identified 17 relevant publications from an initial pool of 1,737 articles. The publications were analyzed based on factors such as publication trends, game scope, genres, mechanics, and player profiles. The findings indicate that while SGs have potential in improving security awareness, most of the identified games are in early development and testing stages, often involving small participant groups. A notable gap was found in the availability of SGs tailored for specialized sectors, especially healthcare, despite the growing need for security awareness in this field. This study contributes to the state of the art by highlighting this gap and calling for further development of SGs in critical sectors. The originality lies in identifying this underexplored area, providing a foundation for future research and development of more effective SGs for sector-specific cybersecurity training.
A New Species of Guadua (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) Endemic to Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: McMurchie Elizabeth K. , Perez-Garcia Maria de la Luz , Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Background: We found a flowering population of Guadua near the town of Heroico Batallón de San Blas, Nayarit. Unlike previously known populations of Guadua in the state, all of which appear to be G. paniculata, this population was morphologically similar to G. amplexifolia, a species known from southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America but apparently absent from Nayarit.
Question: Does the Nayarit population of Guadua represent a new species?
Studied species: Guadua, Guadua lacerata.
Study site and dates: Nayarit, Mexico, September 2023, April 2024.
Methods: We did field observations and collected herbarium vouchers, measuring morphological vegetative and reproductive characters in the herbarium specimens and living plants. We used scanning electron microscopy to describe the foliage leaf, lemma, and palea micromorphology. Finally, we completed a conservation assessment.
Results: This population of Guadua from Nayarit differed from G. amplexifolia in that it had relatively short culm leaf blades compared to the sheath, with the sheaths shredding from the base with age, highly floriferous pseudospikelets, and relatively short, densely pubescent lemmas. We describe the Guadua comprising this population as a new species named Guadua lacerata. We hypothesize that this species would be listed as Critically Endangered.
Conclusions: Currently, Guadua lacerata is considered a new Critically Endangered species endemic to Nayarit, Mexico.
Lymphocyte subsets predict mortality in acute paraquat poisoning
Authors: Dong Qian , Xu Huan , Xu Pengjie , Liu Jiang
Published: February 2025

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly effective herbicide widely used in agricultural production, known for its strong herbicidal power, rapid action, and minimal environmental pollution. However, it is also highly toxic to humans and animals, with acute lung injury (ALI) being the primary cause of death. While the toxic mechanisms of PQ have been studied from various perspectives, its effects on lymphocytes and their subsets remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lymphocyte dysfunction and mortality in acute PQ poisoning. A total of 92 patients with PQ poisoning who visited the emergency department of The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2021, were included. Basic demographic and laboratory data within 24 h of admission were collected. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry. To identify independent risk factors for mortality, patients were followed up for 90 days. COX proportional hazards models and LASSO regression were applied to screen for predictive variables and develop a predictive model. All participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the relevant ethics committee. Among the 92 patients, 36 died. Compared with the survival group, the death group showed significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios, while the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells was significantly lower (P < 0.001). COX regression analysis identified these factors as independent risk factors for mortality: lymphocyte count: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–2.47; P = 0.04 neutrophil count: HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06–1.18; P = 0.04 CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio: HR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.03–3.92; P = 0.04 NK cell percentage: HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82–0.95; P = 0.002. These findings suggest that lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, and NK cell percentage are all associated with mortality in PQ poisoning cases.
Development of LAMP-colorimetric assay for detecting hemoglobin Constant Spring and hemoglobin Pakse' v1
Authors: Jomoui Wittaya
Published: February 2025

A novel molecular detection method based on a colorimetric LAMP with phenol red assay was developed to detect Hb CS and Hb PS for the first time. All LAMP primer sets and probe in this study were designed using Primer Explorer V5 software (http://primerexplorer.jp /lampv5e/index.html). The common primer set including the outer primers (F3 and B3) and the inner primers (FIP and BIP) was shown in the Table. Furthermore, two loop probe (LP) used in this study were designed for specific with Hb CS (LP-CS) and Hb PS (LP-PS) as also shown in Table . These primers set and probes were protected according to petty patent submission number 2203001286 (Thailand). The developed LAMP colorimetric phenol red assay was performed with reaction mixture and temperature as detailed. The LAMP mixture was incubated at an isothermal temperature of 65 °C for 35 minutes. The positive result was observed as yellow color by the naked eye compared with negative with pink color.
IMPROVING ACCESS TO HIGH-TECH MEDICAL CARE FOR RESIDENTS OF SMALL TOWNS IN THE KEMEROVO REGION THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Artamonova Galina V. , Drushlyak Irina A. , Popsuiko Artem N. , Samus Irina V. , Makarov Sergey A. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: February 2025

Highlights

The article shows the positive impact of measures aimed at the improvement of human resources in primary care on the availability of high-tech medical care for patients with circulatory diseases for the population of small territories, and analyzes the effectiveness of the conducted educational and organizational activities for medical personnel. The findings allowed us to identify targets for improvement of knowledge among primary health care workers, which is a basic value in the development of staff potential of employees at the municipal level.

 

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of measures of improving human resources in primary health care, aimed at enhancement of the quality of selection and availability of HTMC for patients with diseases of the circulatory system.

Methods. The study was carried by employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases” (hereinafter referred to as the Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases) at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Guryevsk District Hospital”. The subject of the study is the level of training of primary care medical workers in terms of diagnostics, treatment and routing of patients with diseases of the circulatory system. The methods used in the present study included analytical, statistical, sociological. The object of the study – physicians and paramedics of medical organization. Time period of the study: 01.07.2023–29.12.2023.

Results. Increase in the level of knowledge among primary health care workers on topical issues of identification and selection of patients for open surgery for cardiovascular diseases, as well as the implementation of organizational measures aimed at the improvement of working conditions, affect the availability of specialized care, including HTMC. In 2023 compared to 2022, there was a 37% (p = 0,001) increase (p = 0,001) in the number of telemedicine consultations made to select patients for HTМС, a 65% (p = 0.001) increase (p = 0,001) in the number of diagnostic CAGs, and a 69% (p = 0,001) increase (p = 0,001) in the number of planned HTМС technologies performed.

Conclusion. The analysis of performance indicators in the study period indicates the impact of educational and organizational activities, including telemedicine consultations, on improving the level of knowledge among medical workers, which is an important condition for the improvement of human resource potential and contributes to improving the accessibility of HTMC in diseases of the circulatory system to the population of small territories. The presented experience can be replicated for at any medical organization.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia A. , Nesterec Alina M. , Maksimov Vladimir N.
Published: February 2025

Highlights

The review presents modern available data on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors for sudden cardiac death.

 

Abstract

Russia remains one of the leading countries regarding high mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Sudden cardiac death is an urgent and significant issue in modern medicine, it is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and a large number of sudden cardiac deaths in the overall mortality rate from cardiovascular pathologies. Middle-aged (working-age) men are predominately at risk, thus making sudden cardiac death a socio-economic issue as well. At the same time, the issue of detecting predisposition to sudden cardiac death remains unresolved and urgent, since a large number of people who passed away due to sudden cardiac death were not diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. The review is devoted to modern research and current ideas about the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and risk factors for sudden cardiac death.