bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mustary Faryal , Chowdhury TA , Begum Ferdousi , Mahjabeen Nusrat
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most frequently encountered endocrine disorder in pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes if remain undiagnosed or untreated. This study was done to compare the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) with that of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: This observational analytical study with group comparison was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2016. This study was conducted on two groups of pregnant women: group A (PGDM) and group B (GDM). A total of 100 cases were selected and in each group 50 pregnant women were enrolled. Singleton pregnancy and age 18 to 45 years were included. Pregnancy with hypertension, heart disease, renal disease and other metabolic disorders were excluded.

Results: In this study mean gestational age of the study subjects were 35.72 ± 2.61 weeks and 36.58 ± 2.34 weeks in PGDM and GDM groups. History of GDM [34.0% vs 16.0%], intrauterine death (IUD) [14.0% vs 2.0%] and abortion [22.0% vas 6.0%] were significantly higher among PGDM patients than GDM patients. Regarding present pregnancy complications, polyhydramnios [32.0% vs 14.0%], preterm delivery [38.0% vs 20.0%], vulvovaginitis [28.0% vs 12.0%] and premature rupture of membrane (PROM) [24.0% vs 8.0%] were significantly higher in PGDM than GDM patients. Wound infection was significantly high in PGDM groups [35.7% vs 11.1%] among the patients delivered by lower uterine Cesarean section (LUCS). Regarding perinatal complications, hypoglycemia [22.0% vs 8.0%], birth asphyxia [24.0% vs 8.0%], RDS [24.0% vs 8.0%] were significantly higher among PGDM comparing GDM patients.

Conclusion: The maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregestational diabetes mellitus were less favorable than those of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 127-132
Outcome of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy as Ambulatory Surgery: Experience of 250 Cases
Authors: Ullah Mahmud Ekram , Rahman Md Mushfiqur , Rabbi Hashim , Alam Md Noor A , Maitra Tapash Kumar
Published: May 2019

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been performed as outpatient procedure for many years. Few studies have been conducted with primary focus on patient acceptance and preferences in terms of safety and satisfaction. We tried to explore its feasibility in otherwise healthy individuals undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Data from 250 patients with cholelithiasis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in BIRDEM General Hospital from April 2017 to June 2018 as ambulatory surgery (hospital stay d”23 Hours) with or without overnight stay were analyzed. Complications, admissions and readmissions, patient satisfaction and treatment expenditure were assessed.

Results: Mean duration of hospital stay was 17.3 hours. Two patients had complications (deep port site infection) on 5th post-operative day after surgery. Only 2.4% patients required readmission while 9.2% patients had unplanned admission. Seventy six point four percent patients were highly satisfied with the procedure. Treatment cost was about 15% lower than routine inpatient operation.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed as an outpatient procedure with a low rate of complications and admissions/readmissions. Patient acceptance in terms of satisfaction is high.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 157-161
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma - Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Lateral Position: A Case Report
Authors: Shaheen Md Shafiul Alam , Sardar Kawsar , Rahman Md Mushfiqur , Hasan Md Quamrul , Ahmed Raju , Uddin Jashim
Published: May 2019

Anaesthetic management of patients with large adrenal gland tumor pheochromocytoma is a challenge to the anesthesiologist, due to perioperative uncontrolled blood pressure, risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. Therefore, preoperative assessment and appropriate anaesthetic management are important in patients with pheochromocytoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma offers some technical advantages owing to its improved ability to visualize the contiguous anatomy and its relationship to the adrenal tumor. The decreased manipulation of the tumor during dissection of the adrenal gland has been espoused as another benefit of the laparoscopic approach. The decreased release of catecholamines and the resultant attenuation in haemodynamic liability has been a purported advantage of the laparoscopic approach.1,2,3,4 This is a case report of successful anaesthetic management of a patient with pheochromocytoma undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy using combined general and epidural anaesthesia the patient who developed intraoperative cardiac arrest and complete recovery after given lateral position CPR.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 165-169
A Case Report on Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis
Authors: Khoda Mohammad Mehfuz E , Shimu Ishrat Jahan , Hossain Md Golzar , Haque Mirza Shariful , Moon Moontasim Akhter , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Mansur Md Abul
Published: May 2019

Post-transplant erythrocytosis is defined as persistently elevated haemoglobin and haematocrit levels that occur following renal transplantation and persist for more than six months in the absence of thrombocytosis, leukocytosis or other potential causes of erythrocytosis. Here, we report the case history of a 35-year-old male, who underwent live related kidney transplantation ten months ago, presented with high haemoglobin level and high haematocrit. It is an uncommon complication of kidney transplant recipient,whichprompted us to report the case

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 170-173
Medical Quiz: Image Vol.9(2)
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Khan Mohammad Sakhawat Hossen
Published: May 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 177
Birdem News Vol. 9(2)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: May 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 180
Evaluation of Hormone Receptors Status in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Begum Kazi Nishat Ara , Akond Abdul Khaleque , Huq Naila , Aymon Nazneen Naher , Huq Fahmida
Published: May 2019

Background & objective: The importance of establishing hormone receptor status of tumors for the treatment of women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is often emphasized. It is critical to evaluate hormone receptor status when considering response to endocrine therapy. The present study was intended to evaluate the usefulness of hormone receptor status in breast carcinoma.

Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka over a period 12 months from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 30 histopathologically diagnosed cases of breast tumors who were also subjected to immunohistochemical (IHC) test for ER, PR status and HER-2/neu were consecutively included in the study. Patients who have already been treated for malignancy or who had a history of receiving radiotherapy were excluded.

Result: Age distributions shows that 40% of the patients were early middle-aged (30-40 years), 30% middle-aged and the rest were either < 30 years or >50 years old. Left breast was involved more often (56.7%) than the right breast (43.3%). The predominant location was upper outer quadrant (43.3%), followed by upper inner quadrant (20%), lower outer quadrant (20%), lower inner quadrant (10%) and central (6.7%). Over half (53.3%) of the tumors were < 5 cm and the rest 5 cm or more. Nearly half (46.7%) of the tumors were moderately differentiated, 36.6% well-differentiated and 16.7% poorly differentiated. In majority (83.3%) of the cases lymph-nodes (axillary lymph nodes) were involved. Based on estrogen and progesterone receptor status, over half (53.3%) of the tumors were ER and PR positive and 40% were Her2/neu overexpressed.

Conclusion: The study concluded that half of the Bangladeshi breast cancer patients are ER and PR positive and two in every five cases are Her2/neu overexpressed.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 70-73
Repeat Caesarean Sections: Complications and Outcomes
Authors: Ghani Aforza , Ila Israt Jahan , Ferdouse Jannat Ara , Sultana Nasrin , Sultana Jesmin
Published: May 2019

Background: The rising incidence of caesarean section all over the world has been of great concern both to the patients and obstetrician.1 Repeat caesarean section is one of the major reasons which have contributed greatly to high caesarean section (CS) rate.1,2 Although maternal death as a result of CS is now rare, reports of the short-and long-term consequences of the rising CS rate on the childbearing population are conflicting.3 Available data show that repeat caesarean section is associated with many maternal complications, specially intra-abdominal adhesions, central placenta praevia, uterine rupture, caesarean scar pregnancy, caesarean hysterectomy etc.4

Objective: To evaluate outcome and complications of multiple repeat caesarean section.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study conducted in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH) from 1st June’2016 to 30th November’2016 for a period of six months. The study population were 102 patients, selected randomly who were admitted in ShSMCH for repeat caesarean section.

Results: Out of 102 patients admitted with history of previous caesarean section, maternal morbidity was 26 (25.49%), which includes intra-abdominal adhesions 19 (18.62%), excessive blood loss 6(5.88%), placenta praevia 4 (3.94%), placenta accreta 1 (.98%), postpartum haemorrhage 11 (10.78%), wound infection 12 (11.76%) etc.

Conclusion: As the rate of repeat caesarean section continue to rise, surgeons should be more judgemental in doing caesarean section.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 74-79
Erratum: Chronic Appendicitis: Diagnostic Dilemma in Female Patient for Recurrent Lower Abdominal Pain. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll Vol. 10 No. 1, June 2018 Page - 59-61
Authors: Nahar Khairun , Hossain SM Amjad , Khatun Ashia
Published: May 2019

Erratum: Chronic Appendicitis: Diagnostic Dilemma in Female Patient for Recurrent Lower Abdominal Pain J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll Vol. 10 No. 1, June 2018 Page - 59-61 The author of this article brought attention to publishers that this is an original article an previous issue Vol. 10 No. 1, June 2018 Page - 59-61 it was published as a Case report. These error have been corrected to enhance credibility to readers and the article has been published in this issue of J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background: Many female patients presented to gynecologist with chronic lower abdominal pain, suspecting chronic PID or UTI, but found no improvement inspite of repeated treatment. It remains as diagnostic dilemma for gynaecologist. Proper diagnosis ultimately shows that it is a case of chronic appendicitis. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feature of chronic appendicitis and its correlation with operative and histological findings & to create alertness of physicians and prevention of later complication.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in female patients in private practice from January 2014 to December 2017.All patientswho complained frequent attacks of pain in their right lower abdomen were included in our study. The patient’s history, clinical and lab findings were closely evaluated. All the patients underwent appendectomy and all their appendices were histopathologically examined. Chronic appendicitis was ruled in with a positive pathology report confirming chronic inflammation. All the patients referred for their follow-up visits in a period of one year.

Results: A total100 female patients were studied.66% patient were in age group 26 to35 years.87% patients were multiparous. Duration of pain varied from 2weeks to 2.5 years. Histopathology report confirmed chronic appendicitis in 96% cases. From them 94% cases expressed complete relief of pain following removal in the follow-up visit.

Conclusion: Chronic appendicitis seems to be a cause of recurrent lower abdominal pain. The disease is easily cured by appendectomy.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 83-85
Cutaneous Manifestations of Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmad Sami , Ahmed Nadim , Singha Jawhar Lal , Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Hassan ASM Farhad Ul , Bin Aziz Nur Mohammod Mohammod Sayed , Alam Shoaeb Imtiaz
Published: May 2019

Background: Ulcers and surgical wounds not healing well and expectedly are common problems among patients in countries like us. Ulcers may develop spontaneously or following a penetrating injury. wounds not healing well are common among poor, lower middle class and middle class people. Postsurgical non-healing wound or chronic discharging sinuses at the scar site are also common in that class of people. Suspecting malignancy or tuberculosis in these types of wounds we have sent wedge or excision biopsy for these ulcers in about 500 cases and found tuberculosis in 65 cases. In rest of the cases histopathology reports found as non- specific ulcers, Malignant melanoma, squamous or basal cell carcinoma, Verruca vulgaris.

Objectives: To find out the relationship of tuberculosis with chronic or nonhealing ulcers.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for patients coming to our chambers, OPD of a district general hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2012 to June 2018.

Results: Mean age of the study subjects were 28±2. Among the study subjects nonspecific ulcer or sinus tracts were found in 418 (83.6%), tuberculosis in 65 (13%), Malignant melanoma 7 (1.4%), Verruca vulgaris 5(1%), squamous cell carcinoma 3(0.6), basal cell carcinoma 2 (0.4%). Biopsy done only for very suspicious ulcers or wounds.

Conclusion: With this very small sample size it is difficult to conclude regarding incidence of cutaneous involvement of extra pulmonary tuberculosis , but every clinician should think of it in case of suspicious non healing wounds, ulcers and prolonged discharge from a surgical incision site.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 86-90
The main indicators for assessing the level of military danger
Authors: Гогонянц Спартак
Published: May 2019

The article deals with approaches to the choice of indicators of military danger in order to carry out an assessment of threats to the national interests of the state. The attention is focused on the acute need for a careful attitude to the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the military-political situation and the assessment of the level of military danger for Ukraine. It is formulated the necessity of using the scientific approach to the forecast of the level of military danger for Ukraine as a geopolitical player.

An overview of existing research and publications of specialists in the national security strategy on the investigation of threats to national interests in the military field has shown that existing approaches are sufficiently developed and informative. In conducted research, military danger is considered as the potential ability of any state (group of states) to use military force to solve interstate political, economic, military, ethnic, religious and other contradictions. And this potential opportunity is constantly threatening the national interests of Ukraine, which can lead to different forms of armed confrontation. At the same time, the ambiguity in certain theoretical positions raises the need to clarify the definition of the most dangerous threats to national interests in the military sphere, and the constant transformations of the theory of military security of the state further complicate the solution of this problem. Therefore, in the interests of deeper formalization of geopolitical processes and taking into account their impact on the level of military danger, the application of the appropriate system of indicators is proposed.

To assess the level of military danger for Ukraine, it is proposed to select 17 indicators that can be used together in the procedures for determining the level of military danger to Ukraine by other states. The use of separate values of the relevant indicators of military danger during the prediction of changes in the military-political situation can be used to substantiate the relevant decisions in the bodies of state military management.
BAGAIMANA KEEFEKTIPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS VI SDN 016 MARSAWA
Authors: Dasinah Dasinah
Published: May 2019

Effective learning will not arise by itself. The teacher must create learning that allows students to achieve goals that have been set optimally, especially in Natural Sciences subjects. The fact that happened in the field, there are still many implementation of learning that do not utilize and use good learning resources, and teachers only use that method. This problem causes the learning taught to be unattractive and boring for students. To streamline the process of learning and improve student learning outcomes, the researcher applied a cooperative learning model type investigation group (GI). The results of the study showed, in the first cycle, students who completed as many as 25 people and students who did not complete by 12 people with a percentage of completeness of 67.5. After the second cycle, students who complete improved this is evidenced by students who completed 32 people and students who did not complete by 5 people with a percentage of completeness of 86.4%. with these results it can be concluded that the investigation group (GI) learning model can streamline the learning process of students and can improve the learning outcomes of class VI students of 016 Marsawa Public Elementary School.
A 90 DAY SUPPLEMENTATION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) HAS BENEFITS ON HEALTH MEASURES AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ránky Márta , Köteles Ferenc , Nyakas Csaba , Bárdos György , Szabo Attila
Published: May 2019

Background. Fish oil contains essential fatty acids that are linked to better cardiovascular health and even the
prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes. The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of 90 days of
fish oil supplementation in elite-, leisure-, and non-athletes on body fat percent, body mass index (BMI), blood
cholesterol and triglycerides, heart rate and blood pressure, and on exercise performance.
Method. Three groups of participants were tested with 12 equally distributed men and women in each: elite-
athletes, leisure-athletes, and non-athletes. Participants received body weight-adjusted commercially available fish
oil over 90 days. These nutritional supplements were taken in the morning, immediately following breakfast.
Results. The findings revealed that compared to the baseline, body fat percent decreased in all the three groups (p =
.034), however, blood cholesterol and the cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio increased (p < .05), with
the elite-athletes showing the largest increase. Exercise performance, in terms of the time of running to voluntary
exhaustion, increased (p = .05), but the largest benefits were observed in non-athletes (22%) in contrast to leisure-
athletes (4%) and elite-athletes (1%), which could be linked to a ceiling effect. No statistically significant changes
were observed in any other anthropometric, physiological, or biochemical measures.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that 90 days of fish oil supplementation may benefit body composition and
increase exercise performance, especially in non-athletes, and increases cholesterol, as well as cholesterol/HDL
ratio levels, primarily in elite-athletes. Based on these results, it appears that fish oil supplementation yields greater
benefits in non-athletes than in athletes.
INVESTIGATION OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER BASED BRAND EQUITY ON TRACKSUIT BRANDS
Authors: Yıldız Yavuz , Kinden Alper
Published: May 2019

Background. Brand equity has a positive impact on consumers’ selection of products and services, their
perception, purchasing intentions, their willingness to pay more for brands. Brand equity is designed to reflect the
real value from the perspective of consumer that a brand name holds for the products and services. Measuring brand
equity is important because brands are believed to be strong influencers of business outcomes, such as sales and
market share. The aim of this study was to describe the brand equity of tracksuits and investigate the purchasing
behaviours of the tracksuit consumers.
Methods. The research sample consisted of 250 athletes who were selected via random sampling method.
“Consumer-Based Brand Equity Scale”, developed by Vazquez, del Rio, and Iglesias (2002), was implemented in
order to measure consumer-based brand equity with regard to tracksuit brands.
Results. Results of the study showed that the consumer based brand equity did not differ by gender, age,
tracksuit usage purpose, tracksuit buying timing. However, it was found that the consumer based brand equity was
significantly different in the number of tracksuits owned and the amount of payment.
Conclusion. High brand equity brings the willingness to pay more for that brand. Consequently, it can be
suggested that high level of consumer based brand equity enhances the amount of purchases and willingness to pay
more. Although there are many studies on the brand equity in sports, such as shoes and teams, we have found no
research on tracksuits. This research focuses on tracksuits’ brand equity. The results of this research contribute to
sports marketing literature.
DEATH ANXIETY AND EMPATHY AMONG MALE AND FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Kaklauskaitė Žydrūnė , Antinienė Dalia
Published: May 2019

Background. Research reveals that death anxiety affects physicians’ quality of work when he/she faces a patient
suffering from a fatal disease (Field & Howells, 1988, Thiemann, Quince, Benson, Wood, & Barclay, 2015), while
empathy leads to medical decision making and a better patient’s healing process (Lor, Truong, Ip, & Barnett, 2015;
Chen, Kiersma, Yehle, & Plake, 2015). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between death
anxiety and empathy by gender among students of the medicine program in the Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences.
Methods. The study involved 233 students of the medical program from the Faculty of Medicine in the
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. The sample consisted of 167 women (71.1%) and 56 men (24%), 10
participants have not specified their gender (4.9%). A questionnaire designed for the study consisted of demographic
questions, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980) and Revised Collet-Lester Fear of Death and Dying
Scale (Lester, 1990).
Results. Medical students that show higher than others anxiety about death of self 1 , dying of self 2 , death of
others 3 and dying of others 4 also show greater personal distress (r = .211 1 ; r = .217 2 ; r = .248 3 ; r = .219 4 ), empathetic
concern (r = .205 1 ; r = .241 2 ; r = .246 3 ; r = .136 4 ), emotional (r = .27 1 ; r = .294 2 ; r = .319 3 ; r = .236 4 ) and overall
r = .237 1 ; r = .262 2 ; r = .254 3 ; r = .227 4 ) empathy and also had better fantasy (r = .149 1 ; r = .173 2 ; r = .149 3 ; r = .184 4 )
than others. Weak correlation in men sample was between death anxiety subscales and empathetic concern (r = .532 1 ;
r = .279 2 ; r = .3 3 ; r = .306 4 ), emotional (r = .48 1 ; r = .364 2 ; r = .373 3 ; r = .458 4 ) and overall (r = .369 1 ; r = .399 2 ;
r = .32 3 ; r = .453 4 ) empathy. Very weak correlation in women sample was found between emotional empathy and
death of self (r = .164), dying of self (r = .188) and death of others (r = .206) anxiety. Personal distress subscale in
women sample was associated with death of self (r = .186) and death of others (r = .179) anxiety.
Conclusion. It was found that medical students showing greater personal distress, empathetic concern, fantasy,
emotional and overall empathy have a stronger sense of death anxiety. Correlations between death anxiety and
empathy found in men sample were specified as weak, meanwhile correlations found in women sample were
specified as very weak.
Produktų demonstravimo vaidybiniuose filmuose ypatumai (teorinis aspektas)
Authors: Pilelienė Lina , Jurgilaitė Sigita
Published: May 2019

Research background. According to J. A. Karrh et al. (2001) product placement in movies is
used with intensions to extend product awareness, create positive associations with a product, or to promote
sales. Product placement is becoming very successive tool of promotion; its impact on society is constantly
growing. Many films can make an impact on society’s attitudes, also, form buying patterns.
Despite a wide usage of this promotional tool, attempts to find scientific publications of Lithuanian
authors considering this product placement in Lithuanian movies were unsuccessful. However, many cases
of product placement can be observed in Lithuanian movies. Therefore, it becomes relevant to analyze the
peculiarities of product placement in movies. The problem solved in the article is how to make product
placement in movies. Foreign authors are constantly providing research on multiple aspects of product
placement (its impact on viewers’ purchase intentions, impact on memorization, product awareness, etc.);
therefore, the lack of Lithuanian researches in the field substantiates the problem.
The object of the article is the peculiarities of product placement in movies.
The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of product placement in movies.
Research method. Qualitative content analysis of scientific literature was provided to reveal the
principal aspects of product placement in movies. Whereas there is a lack of Lithuanian authors’ insights in
the field, researches provided by foreign authors (Sargent et al., 2001; Jin, Villegas, 2007; Sung et al., 2008;
Wiles, Danielova, 2009 et al.) were analyzed. Various approaches to product placement in movies provided
by different authors are reviewed, different conceptions of product placement in the movies are generalized,
and potential usage areas of the activity are revealed in the article. General scientific research methods of
logical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature are applied for theoretical research.
Findings. Product placement in movies can be named as an alternative way to reach target
audience and highlight product’s advantages. Product placement is product’s or its identifier’s inclusion into
media using sonic or visual elements. The main goal of product placement is to increase customer awareness,
make positive impact on their preferences and purchase intentions.
Main advantages of product placement in the movies are naturalness, high concentration of
viewer’s attention, inevitability, and revelation of character, creation of positive associations, sales
promotion, and the reach of target audience.
Scientific researches and real practices of foreign organizations have proven that product
placement in the movies enhance product awareness, creates and increases positive impact on a brand.
Accordingly, the direct impact on increase in sales can be observed.
Vaikų vasaros laisvalaikio socialinės, edukacinės, kultūrinės prasmės (teorinis aspektas)
Authors: Šiaučiulienė Rūta
Published: May 2019

Research background. Children’s summer leisure as non-formal cultural education (learning)
environment in Europe and the United States is equally important as learning in a formal, institutionalized
(school) environment. In these countries there is interest in children’s weekend, festive, school (including
summer) vacation, leisure time. Lithuania is the opposite – a formal interest in school, leisure, entertainment
and children’s informal cultural environment (after all, one of these environments is summer leisure
environment) has not been almost studied. Children’s summer vacation became important because of its long
duration – two / three months. Most parents and children’s summer vacation periods do not coincide, so
adults worry about their children activity during the summer holidays. Then children’s summer leisure is
overlooked, perceived as an adult controlled and proposed activity.
The aim of the study is to justify social, educational, cultural meanings of children’s summer leisure.
The object of the study is children’s summer leisure significance.
Methods: theoretical analysis, meta-analysis.
Results. The processes of democracy and liberalization occurring in modern society and the declared
philosophy of humanism permit to investigate children’s leisure culture in summer as a social and
educational phenomenon within the contexts of ‘free’ (self-) education and the phenomenon of freedom.
Children’s leisure culture in summer is contextualized as the time disposed by children themselves and
implicates social and educational meanings. In terms of such conceptions the child becomes an active creator
of his/her leisure culture. The social and educational significance of children’s leisure culture in summer is
perceived through the meanings attached by children themselves. Such interpretation paradigm of
children’s leisure culture in summer turns out to be significant in creating new knowledge for educators
(parents, teachers, specialists of non-formal education, etc.). Children’s narrative on summer leisure enables
this discourse to be accepted in the science of education/pedagogy as overt/main rather than
hidden/secondary one, existing alongside with the discourse created by adults ‘children are immature socio-
cultural individuals, therefore, unable to carry out an activity, which is significant for their (self-)education
and (self)socialization’.
SPORTO KLUBŲ VYSTYMO IR VARTOTOJŲ POREIKIŲ DERMĖ: MOKSLINIŲ INTERESŲ ASPEKTAS
Authors: Komskienė Diana , Švagždienė Biruta
Published: May 2019

One of the main preconditions of successful coherence between the development of sports clubs and consumer needs is the satisfaction of consumers’ needs and expectations by improving the quality of services. Quality of services develops customer loyalty, ensures the attraction of potential users, employee satisfaction, and the formation of a positive image in the market. On the basis of research results, the paper presents coherence factors of sports clubs development and consumer needs. It discusses to what extent this determines the peculiarities of activities. It is considered that one of the most important factors stimulating the development of sports clubs and organizations, competing with each other, maintaining or helping to conquer the markets, is the satisfaction of consumer needs. However, the needs of consumers of sports clubs are usually analysed through the dimensions of quality (Bodet, 2006). Quality creates the image of the sports clubs, and it has a direct impact on business productivity, profit growth and consumers’ satisfaction. Research methods applied were the analysis of scientific literature, systemization and generalization. The research approach was qualitative. Content analysis was applied. The research emphasis was on the demand of sports clubs services, loyalty to the club, consumers’ needs and motivation. The development of sports clubs is the consumer’s perceived utility, which is created by the service providers’ attempts, using a variety of communication efforts and promotion means. All services at sports clubs can be classified into three groups: 1) basic services, 2) additional peripheral services, and 3) supporting services, known as special and recreational services. Furthermore, research on the market should be further continued in order to better understand the expectations of consumers and to meet their needs.
SYSTEMIC VECTORS OF INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSIONS IN EMERGENCE OF MOBBING IN EMPLOYEE RELATIONS
Authors: Vveinhardt Jolita
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research article is pursued by analysing and systematising the results of the recent research, drawing the vectors of organizational environment, the change in direction which would influence the phenomenon preventively. In this article the causes of mobbing are analysed in two ways: in individual and organizational aspects, in order to answer the question of how to reduce the risk of mobbing by managerial actions, taking into account these criteria. The role of organizational system is highlighted as a factor, determining the emergence of bullying in the work environment. The analysis of individual causes of mobbing reveals that the attacks related to bullying are more likely to occur on personalities with exceptional features. The dynamics of organizational and individual factors, which affects bullying in organization and escalation of mobbing, was determined. The systematised findings of the most recent and earlier research suggest the topics for new studies of mobbing in relations within work organizations.
ORGANIZATION OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR YOUNG PERSONS IN SUMMER HOLIDAY TIME
Authors: Ivaschenko Sergey
Published: May 2019

This article aims at finding ways to solve the problem of optimizing the organization of recreational activities used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents in the period of their stay in youth camps. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of efficiency of modern recreational programs used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents undergoing rehabilitation in a summer youth camp. In the process of the present study research methods applied were analysis of scientific and methodological literature, documentary materials (in particular, data from medical records), sociological methods (questionnaire and sociometry), educational methods (teacher observation, educational experiment), psychological methods (tests-questionnaires to determine the type of character accentuation of subjects, anxiety level scale, the scale of indicators and forms of aggression, socialization questionnaires for pupils, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. This research provided materials showing significant positive impact of modern recreational programs on the state of physical and mental health of children and adolescents. In particular, facts were reported about the improvement of performance, discipline and success in learning, reduction of morbidity, and improvement of mood and well-being of the investigated young persons. Special attention was paid to the study of the state of students with different types of character accentuation. It was found that the application of the standard recreational programs in the summer camps helped to raise the level of physical activity for children and adolescents who participated in the experiment by 38.6 % compared to the level of their daily physical activity. The use of individual programs of recreational pursuits with the accentuation of the character of children and adolescents allowed increasing their physical activity by 42.4 %. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of modern recreational programs has a positive impact on the physical and psychological state of children and adolescents. The maximum effect for students with the accentuation of character is obtained through the application of individual health and recreational programs. The data obtained from the study can be used to study and develop recreational programs not only for children and teenagers, but also for other age groups. Keywords: organization of recreational activities, summer camp, the level of physical activity, young persons, psychosomatic condition of adolescents.
KLIENTŲ LOJALUMO FORMAVIMAS ALTERNATYVIOJO TURIZMO KONTEKSTE
Authors: Klapatauskaitė Skirmantė , Navickienė Regina
Published: May 2019

Research background. Global trends in the development of tourism are increasingly focused on being environmentally friendly, reflecting on the principles of sustainable development, the search for new forms of tourism, which would not be mass character and provide other cognitive and travel perspectives. One of those opportunities is alternative tourism development. In response to changes in the tourism sector the European Union is pleased to support the alternative tourism – tourist area that is developing rapidly, accommodating the strongest advantages – the region’s natural diversity and rich cultural resources (Kinderis, 2010). One of the most notable changes in this day in the alternative tourism is becoming a new form of tourism. Dark tourism as a branch of alternative tourism was examined by the foreign authors (Lennon, Foley, 2000; Kendle, 2008; Stone, Sharpley, 2008). The aim of the research was to investigate the development of customer loyalty in alternative tourism areas/objects. Scientific problem question. Is it possible to form customer loyalty in the alternative tourism context? To achieve the target, we set four tasks: to review the concept of alternative tourism; analyse the genesis of dark tourism; explore the concept of customer loyalty; identify customer loyalty formation stages. Methods: scientific literature analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistical analysis (SPSS 17.0.). Results. Study results show that after a visit to dark tourism sites/objects, respondents understood the value created and named a motivational factor – what is important in the formation of loyalty. After the visit, respondents perceived site/object and time better (75%); were surprised by the strength and endurance of the people (71%); got a lot of useful information (69%). Respondents questioned what motivated them to visit dark tourism site/object, the mostly mentioned curiosity and desire to learn more (86%); desire to visit yet not visited area (84%); the quest of knowledge (68%); new impressions and experience of the quest (58%); nostalgia, the desire to understand the past (52%). The study also made clear that the respondents fulfilled their expectations (66%) and received what they expected (65%), which are the one of loyalty formation stages (Navickienė, 2010). Almost half of the respondents (43%) remembered only the good things after a visit, and as many as 70% of tourists would recommend dark tourism sites / objects to their friends or relatives. Conclusions. In particular, dark tourism caused mystical and sympathizing feelings to people. There are five basic emotions that interact with the psychological status of “dark tourists”: amazement, curiosity, fear, pity and sadness. The main motivation factors for the choice of dark tourism products are educational and emotional, i.e. the desire to feel connected with heritage. Keywords: customer loyalty, alternative tourism, dark tourism.
Assessment of Programmed Cell Death of Aspergillus flavus by Triggered Cysteine-dependent Aspartate-directed Proteases (Meta-caspase3) Lethality Mechanism of Novel Compounds Isolated from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Spondias mombin
Authors: Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Omotuyi Olaposi I , Oluduro Anthonia O , Idowu Thomas O
Published: May 2019

Spondias mombin is a plant that has been traditionally noted for its medicinal with a preliminary results report a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal properties. Meta-caspases and Caspases are essential in cells for programmed cell death, in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. A 12 hours old culture of each microorganism was re-suspended in plant extract at 1000 µg mL in a total volume of 500 µl for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 180 minutes. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5000 g for 5 minutes. The pellets were rinsed twice in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Then 1/10 volume of 95% ethanol plus 5% saturated phenol were added to the pellets to stabilize cellular RNA. The cells were then re-harvested by centrifugation (8200 g, 4°C and 2 minutes). The supernatant was aspirated and pellets re-suspended in 800 μl of lysis buffer (10 mMTris, adjusted to pH 8.0 with HCl, 1 mM EDTA) and 8.3 U/ml Ready-LyseTM Lysozyme Solution. After the pellets were re-suspended, 80 μl of a 10% SDS solution was added, mixed and incubated for 2 minutes at 64 °C. Then 88 μl of 1 M NaOAc (pH 5.2) was mixed with the lysate followed by an equal volume of water and saturated phenol was added. Total RNA was quantified using Spectrophotometric absorbance at 260 nm DNA was removed with Turbo DNA-free (Ambion, Inc.). Reverse Transcription-PCR reaction was performed in a 15.0 µl final volume (kit number-DNA-PCR739288). Assessment of Polymerase Chain Reaction products (amplicons) were electrophoreses in 0.5% of agarose gel using 0.5 × TBE buffer ( 2.6 g of Tris base, 5 g of Tris boric acid and 2 ml of 0.5M EDTA and adjusted to pH 8.3 with the sodium hydroxide pellet) with 0.5 μl ethidum bromide. The mechanism of action of isolated novel compounds using Metacaspase3 to programme the death of test organism (Aspergillus flavus) between 0 and 180 minutes interval. It was observed that cell (via DNA) were completely destroyed at 180 minutes with all the isolated compounds. The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the programmed cell death (PCD) of Aspergillus flavus by triggered Cysteine-dependent Aspartate-directed proteases (meta-caspase3) lethality mechanism of novel compound isolated from ethyl acetate extract ofSpondias mombin.
MEMAHAMI FIQH SOSIAL KH. MA SAHAL MAHFUDH “FIQH SEBAGAI ETIKA DAN GERAKAN SOSIAL”
Authors: Rohmah Nurur
Published: May 2019

Understanding of fiqh (Islamic law) - by linking it to the socio-cultural conditions of Indonesian society and the spirit to restore its function as a 'guide' - continues to be made by Muslim scholars and intellectuals in the country. Throughout the years 1970 to 2000, appeared figures whose ideas and ideas surfaced. Their thinking becomes a topic in various discussion forums of Islamic law, both in the environment of pesantren, civitas academika, and in social institutions. One of these figures is KH. M.A. Sahal Mahfudh who not only carry the discourse with his book 'Nuansa Fiqh Sosial', but also has done a lot of social movements in the framework of implementation of his thinking. Fiqh as a practical derivation of the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadist actually has a position that distinguishes it apart from other scientific disciplines. Fiqh also serves as a normative foundation for behaving Muslims, either individually or collectively. However, the formalistic fiqh character is not infrequently invite a contradiction with the theological life of the human life. Therefore, KH. MA Sahal Mahfudh carries the Social Fiqh which he calls 'the development effort of madhhab qouli and manhaji in the framework of fiqh is no longer as a rigid positive law, but denotes it as social ethics and the foundation for social movements in realizing the ideals of human life , sa'adatuddaraini (happiness in the world and the hereafter).
MENEPIS RATU ADIL SEBAGAI RAMALAN DAN MENGHADIRKAN RATU ADIL SEBAGAI WACANA KEPEMIMPINAN
Authors: Minardi Minardi
Published: May 2019

Ratu Adil means a just leader who leads the just and at the same time spreading the justice. According to Ronggowarsita there will be seven Ratu Adil. It turns out that the first Ratu Adil until the sixth has the criteria that match the first RI president to sixth. The seventh fair is the Satria Pinandhita Sinisihan Wahyu. He is a knight, that is someone who is familiar with the state administration. He is also a religious scholar who walks on the revelations of God. Ratu Adil is only limited to be understood as a prophecy for the coming of a character to bring goodness. This is the problem, should be seen as a concept of national leadership that needs to be realized for the progress of Indonesia. The type of research used in this study is library research (Library Research), where in this study the authors held observations in the library, or where the authors obtain data and information about the object of research either through books or other visual tools. With the people who animate Ratu Adil it will easily lead to a leader who has a spirit of Ratu Adil. While the criteria of Satria Pinandhita Sinisihan Wahyu namely; 1). Satria include: Anggana, anggung, gumulung, Democracy Need Vision or Idealism; 2). Pinandhita Sinisihan Revelation: Eling versus Waspada, Ratu Adil Anggana Raras, Brahmana King's Word
RASIONALITAS KONSEPSI BUDAYA NUSANTARA DALAM MENGGAGAS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Muali Chusnul
Published: May 2019

Culture is a value, norm, morals and beliefs, assumptions that are believed by the commodities of society. A culture that expresses a person's behavior is distorted, right, wrong, or good. As social beings, human beings give birth to systems of thinking, values, norms, rules and beliefs. However, humans also become part of what it produces. When human life moves with its dynamics, the dynamically moving is the systematic it has produced. Cultural education is done through the education of values or virtues that become the basic values of the nation's culture. The virtue that attributes culture is essentially value. Therefore, cultural education is basically the development of values derived from the perspective of life or ideology of the Indonesian nation, religion, culture, and values formulated in the goals of national education.
PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS GENDER AWARENESS ; STRATEGI MEMINIMALISIR BIAS GENDER DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Warliah Wiwin
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the strategy of pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo in minimizing the occurrence of bias gender through gender-based education awareness.Bias gender in education is a reality that occurs in educational systems that favor certain sexes that cause gender inequality, so it takes a serious effort to overcome it, that is through gender awareness education. This research used qualitative approach of phenomenology type with one site design. The results showed; The form of bias gender in the system at Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo namely; the observed book content tend to be less gender-sensitive, the gap is due to structural factors such as socio-cultural values, and economics, the low participation of women in the educational decision making process and patriarchal culture. Development of gender-based education awareness at Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo is done through; the establishment of the Association of Women Nurul Jadid Foundation, the treatment and giving equal opportunity to women in every educational activity, the women helped build quality families, women also have the obligation to practice religious practices through education activities and giving independence to women.
MEMBANGUN HIGH ORDER THINKING (HOT) PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING (CTL) DI MADRASAH
Authors: Ilham Moch Wahid
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the efforts of teachers in building High Order Thinking (HOT) Learners through Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL). Education has always been the focus of various elements. Because the fate of a nation in the future depends heavily on the contribution of education. In the current learning process there are several gaps related to students' thinking assumptions. The majority of teachers understand his role as a disseminator rather than a student center; so the focus of education in schools is more on the factual knowledge. This then affects the student achievement scoring system more based on tests that are tested for low-level cognitive skills only. The existence of the Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) learning model is expected to be a bridge to build High Order Thinking (HOT) learners who can ultimately make learners able to achieve High Order Thinking (HOT).