bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of platelet and its indices as a marker of neonatal sepsis: a prospective case control study
Authors: Choudhary Ratana Ram , Makwana Mohan , Mourya Harish Kumar , Dabi Jagdish , Gulati Kartika
Published: August 2018

Background: Neonatal sepsis is major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Blood culture and sepsis screening are currently used method, but their utility is limited due to delayed reporting and increased cost. Platelet indices are one such set of parameters which can be helpful in the future diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. This study was aimed to evaluate the significance of platelet indices either alone or in combination with existing sepsis screen as a marker of neonatal sepsis.Methods: Neonates admitted in the neonatal unit of Hospital and showing signs and symptoms of sepsis, and/or born to mothers with risk factor for sepsis were included in this study. Investigations sent for all these neonates included blood culture, sepsis screen (CRP, micro ESR, TLC, ANC, IT ratio) and platelet indices (Platelet count, MPV, PDW).Results: In present study, 81.12% neonates in case group had platelet count less than 1.5lacs/mm3 while in control group 20.91% neonates only had the same. This difference was statistically significant, (p<0.0001). Similarly, 70.91% neonates in case group had MPV more than >10.8 fl whereas in control group only 26.53% neonates had the same, with difference was statistically significant, (p<0.0001) Similarly, 65.81% neonates in case group and 34.69% in control group had PDW more than 19.1fl and this difference was statistically significant, (p=0.0001).Conclusions: High PDW, high MPV and low platelet count are more associated with neonatal sepsis. So, platelet and its indices may be used as a sensitive marker to identify septic babies and it may be combined with existing sepsis screen to specifically exclude non-septic case.
Clinical-epidemiological profile of dengue fever in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Acharya Suchi , Ganguly Nupur , Poddar Sumon , Ghosh Apurba
Published: August 2018

Background: Dengue infection has been known to be endemic in India for centuries. In recent years, the disease has changed its course manifesting in its severe form as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), with increasing frequency of outbreaks. The objective of the present study was to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of dengue fever in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Clinical records of children aged 0-15 years with serologically confirmed dengue infection admitted at the Institute of Child Health, Kolkata during the Dengue outbreak (June 2016 to November 2016) were reviewed.Results: Out of 958 cases of Dengue fever majority were boys 565 (59%), with M: F ratio of 1.4:1, and among them majority (40%) were in the age group of 5-10 years. Maximum number of cases were seen in the month of September 282 (29.4%).   65.6% cases had dengue fever without warning sign, while 28.6% had dengue fever with warning sign and 5.7% had severe dengue. Among the severe dengue cases 72% were less than 5 years of age while only 28% were more than 5 years of age.  Out of 958 cases we had 63 (6.6%) cases of dengue with atypical manifestations. Seizure was the most common atypical manifestation. Six children expired with a Case Fatality Rate of 0.6%. Dengue shock syndrome was the leading cause of death.Conclusions: Dengue affects all age groups, but children less than 5 years are more prone for developing severe dengue. Atypical manifestations are becoming more common in dengue fever, which can delay the diagnosis so careful observation from the clinician side is required to prevent any serious morbidity or mortality.
Recent advancements in management of gastrointestinal tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Basim F. , Basha Ahmed M. , Bakhurji Bandar R. , Aldossari Bader J. , Alsumaihi Abdulaziz S. , Sherif Sherif A.
Published: August 2018

Abdominal tuberculosis and its protean manifestations still create a worldwide diagnostic challenge for clinicians and remain an important concern in the developing world. Crohn’s disease, which is being increasingly recognized in countries where intestinal tuberculosis is prevalent, needs to be differentiated as the two diseases resemble each other in their clinical presentation, and in their radiological, endoscopic, and histological findings. New diagnostic modalities and scoring systems have facilitated the differentiation of Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis with good accuracy. Randomized trials have shown 6 months of therapy to be equivalent to longer durations of treatment for patients with abdominal tuberculosis.
Emergency contraception amongst medical college students: knowledge, attitude, practice
Authors: Patni MohamedAnas M. , Gamit Sukesha , Damor Rahul
Published: August 2018

Background: Emergency contraception has the potential to greatly reduce the number of unintended pregnancies. The level of knowledge among the medical student population about EC has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC (Emergency Contraception) amongst the medical under graduate students in Government college of Surat.Methods: This study was carried out among 339 medical under graduate students during the month of October, 2016. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: Majority of students knew about some form of contraception. Only quarter of students knew about EC pill. Varied responses were observed regarding various knowledge aspects of EC. Internet and books were the most common source of knowledge. As far as their attitudes are concerned, almost 40% believed that EC would lead more irresponsible behaviour and more STD/HIV cases, while 30% believed that it would lead to promiscuity, and be inexpensive, if they are readily available. More than half number of students opined that EC should be made available for women aged only 18 years and above. As far as practice is concerned, only one student reported using EC. However, more than 40% were willing to use it, if required and would also encourage friends and relatives to use it.Conclusions: Awareness of EC was low among students. Attitude was favorable towards EC. Study also document very low level of practice of EC among the students.
Vaccine news in India: trend and content analysis of online mass media
Authors: Das Manoja Kumar , Singh Deepak
Published: August 2018

Background: The media news influence shapes the public sentiments and behaviour. The recent experiences indicate significant influence of online news and social media on immunization behaviour in India. The objective was to study the profile and sentiments of online media news on vaccine and vaccination in India.Methods: We searched the online news published during November 2015 to October 2017. The news contents were interpreted and categorised according to the vaccine and sentiments.Results: Out of the total 1430 news items, 763 were eligible for review after removal of duplicates and unrelated items. Majority (75.5%) of the news were on the immunization program. While 45.5% news originated from sub-state level, 19.3% from state and 35.2% were from national levels. The measles-rubella vaccine topped the news (23.5%) followed by poliomyelitis (10.4%) and Japanese encephalitis (6.6%) vaccines. While 65.8% of news was positive, 27.9% and 6.35% were negative and neutral respectively. The negative news comprised of the adverse events, social resistance, and vaccine shortageent.Conclusions: A sizable proportion of news contained negative messages, which may influence public vaccine behaviour. Past experiences (pentavalent and measles-rubella) calls for regular monitoring of media messages and adopt appropriate communication strategy to retain vaccine confidence and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Prescribing pattern and awareness about anemia among in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Sarfaraz Mohammed , Archana A. S. , Kalwa Bhavana , Mathew Monish Abraham , Kuriakose Shilpa Anna , H. Doddayya
Published: August 2018

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem in India affecting people in all age groups with major consequences for human health as well as economic development. Hence the study aims to assess prescribing pattern of physicians in anemia and to create awareness among in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out in 180 in-patients admitted to General Medicine department in a tertiary care teaching hospital diagnosed with anemia for 6 months. Data was collected from case sheets of patients and assessed for prescribing pattern and direct interview was conducted with patients using standardized KAP questionnaire on anemia.Results: Among 180 in-patients, 126 patients (70%) were females and 54 patients (30%) were males. As part of the therapy, folic acid with vitamin combinations (37 prescriptions) followed by elemental iron with folic acid combinations (32 prescriptions) were most prescribed drugs. KAP questions were scored appropriately and compared with hemoglobin levels. Knowledge level of patients was not significantly correlated (i.e., p=0.254) with their haemoglobin levels. There was a highly significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.006) between attitude scores of patients and haemoglobin levels. A significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.001) was found between practice scores of patients and hemoglobin levels.Conclusions: This study clearly showed that prescribing pattern of drugs in anemia patients’ needs to be continuously evaluated. To address the issue of anemia, the patient’s awareness should be enhanced.
Socio-demographic determinants of malnutrition among school going children in an urban slum area of central India with special reference to nutritional anaemia
Authors: Meshram Tarachand Tukaram , Khobragade Ashish Wasudeo
Published: August 2018

Background: Children residing in urban slum area are the most vulnerable. Poverty, illiteracy, neglect of health, low socioeconomic status and non-affordability of quality health care services make them more vulnerable to malnutrition.Methods: 361 school going children residing in urban slum area were included in study. Socio-demographic details of the children taken from their parents. Health check-up was done.Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 40.17%. 17.17% children were underweight and 22.99% were stunted.Conclusions: Family size and socioeconomic status are the important determinants of malnutrition.
Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls in a selected college of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Tiwari Anjana , Naik Mamta
Published: August 2018

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is most sensitive and cost effective method to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among college girls in the selected college, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai from January 2012 to February 2012. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and observation checklist and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, student’s t- test, ‘r’ value (Karl Pearson correlation of co-efficient) and chi square test.Results: Among the 30 college girls with 15in experimental group and 15in control group, majority (60%) of girls belongs to the age group of 19-20 years. After intervention, the mean post-test knowledge and practice score of college girls were significantly increased in experimental group (p=0.00). The mean post-test knowledge and practice score of college girls in experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.00). Moderate correlation was found between post-test knowledge and post-test practice (r=0.47) in experimental group. The post-test knowledge and practice of experimental group were significantly associated with age and area of residence.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge and the practice of college girls regarding breast self-examination. So it is recommended that appropriate health education plan should be prepared for college girls to create awareness and motivate them to perform the BSE.
A study on awareness of health effects of tobacco consumption among medical students and impact of modular training
Authors: Madappady Sajjan , Kumar Hemant , Jayaram S. , Brahmbhatt Krutarth , Anil Manjula , Chakraborty Tamal , . Shwethashree , H. R. Sindhushree
Published: August 2018

Background: Tobacco kills more than seven million people each year. In India tobacco kills nearly one million people each year and many of these deaths occur among people who are very young. Studies indicate that approximately 70% of all tobacco users would like to quit smoking and tobacco use.Methods: A non-randomized, cross sectional study was conducted in a Medical College in Mangaluru (Karnataka) which included medical students from first year to third year. A module developed by “Quit Tobacco International” was used for the purpose of training and counselling the selected medical students, focusing on the specific effects of tobacco, depicting simulated case scenarios.Results: A total of 404 medical students were included in the study. It was observed that 15.9% males and 5.3% females among first year students, 21.0% males and 5.3% females among second year students and 24.6% males and 9.2% females among third year students had smoked at some point in their life while the among current users, the prevalence of smoking was found to be much higher i.e. 8.7% and 2.6% among first year students, 9.9% and 3.5% among second year students; while it as highest among third year students i.e. 14% and 4.6%; among boys and girls respectively.Conclusions: The study brings out the need for inclusion of structured teaching and training of our medical students on harmful effects of tobacco use and its cessation techniques.
Students’ perceptions regarding problem-based learning in community medicine
Authors: Johnson Liaquat R. , Nair Narayanan S. , Simon Catherine , Binu Jeffy
Published: August 2018

Background: Although a problem based learning (PBL) program in community medicine was introduced over a year ago, student perceptions about the same had not been elicited. This study was conducted to ascertain the perceptions regarding the PBL program from a representative sample of students completing the same.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 semester 7 medical students in a private medical college in south India. Data were collected anonymously after obtaining written informed consent. Students rated their own involvement in the PBL program; confidence across broad PBL areas before and after the program; usefulness of the broad PBL areas; and how likely they were to use the broad PBL areas, using a 10-point rating scale. Statistical analyses were performed using EZR (version 1.36). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cronbach’s alpha were employed.Results: Of the participants, 20(62.5%) were female. There was a statistically significant difference in perceived confidence across all broad PBL areas following the program, compared to ratings before the program. The median overall rating for the program was 8/10. Greater student involvement was significantly associated with higher ratings for confidence following the program; usefulness in most broad PBL areas. Male gender was significantly associated with high ratings in some broad PBL areas.Conclusions: A PBL approach can improve student perceptions of confidence in generic skills. High student involvement is key to good student perceptions regarding a PBL program.
Prevalence and susceptibility to diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetic risk score
Authors: S. Divya , M. V. Radhamani , Ravi Kiran , S. Deepa
Published: August 2018

Background: India is the diabetes capital of the world. The burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing daily. If people with higher risk for diabetes are identified before the disease has developed, then some interventions could be undertaken to reduce the modifiable risk factors. Objective of the study was to identify the high risk subjects by using Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) for detecting undiagnosed diabetes among people aged above twenty five years in rural area of Thrissur.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 262 inhabitants above 25 in Thrissur. Fasting blood sugar within 3 months prior was noted. The risk of diabetes was assessed using Indian Diabetes Risk Score and grouped into low, moderate and high risk.Results: Majority were females (58.4%) and (80.5%) reported either of their parents as diabetic. Waist circumference was higher for majority. Most (62.2%) people had regular exercise. 199 (76%) had moderate risk. 92% were at moderate to high risk of developing diabetes. Higher the risk score higher was the FBS, and was statistically significant (p=0.035). IDRS was statistically significant with the educational status (p=0.023) and sex (0.000). Forty four (16.8%) were diabetic, 60 (22.9%) hypertensive and 12 (4.6%) had coronary artery disease.Conclusions: There is a shift in age of onset to younger age groups. Hence, the early identification of at risk individuals and appropriate intervention help to prevent, or delay, the onset of complications. This definitely suggests the importance of IDRS for identifying undiagnosed high risk diabetes.
Violence against health care workers: a provider’s (staff nurse) perspective
Authors: Mishra Sandhya , Chopra Deepak , Jauhari Nidhi , Ahmad Ausaf , Kidwai Nasrah Ayyub
Published: August 2018

Background: Work place violence has become an endemic problem for health care workers (HCW) worldwide. The staff nurses are the most vulnerable and most assaulted among all the health care workers. The study was conducted with an aim to assess the frequency of violence and factors responsible, the response of the staff nurses after an incident of violence, any association between the socio-demographic factors with the violence against the HCW and to seek the suggestions to stop/prevent such incidents.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care private sector hospital in Lucknow. All the staff nurses working in IIMSR (Purposive Convenience). 141 staff nurses consented and were enrolled in the study. A qualified consenting nurse having at least 6 months of professional experience were included in the study.Results: Approximately three fourth of the nurses have ever been exposed to the violence and verbal abuse was the most common form of violence. The intense workload, high patient expectation and substance abuse were the three important contributing factors. The majority of nurses who suffered violence ever, felt that it was preventable. Ever reporting of violence was high and majority (>80%) of respondents felt that making the waiting room/area comfortable and restricted entry to staff and examination room can stop or prevent the violence.Conclusions: The violence against health care workers especially nurses is a major problem and can threaten the delivery of effective quality care. These incidents are preventable, provided security; training and communications measures are in place.
Repercussões Bucais da Síndrome de Treacher Collins: revisão de literatura
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio
Published: August 2018

A Síndrome de Treacher Collins é um distúrbio do desenvolvimento de herança autossômica dominante e expressividade variável que ocorre, devido a um defeito genético com mutações no gene TCOF1, presente no cromossomo 5, que tem 26 éxons e codifica uma proteína chamada treacle. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi averiguar por intermédio de uma revisão de literatura as principais manifestações clínicas propiciadas pela síndrome em âmbito odontológico. Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica com busca nas bases de dados: PubMED e Google Acadêmico. Na base PubMED empregou-se a expressão de busca: treacher collins syndrome and dentistry and oral health. No Google Acadêmico utilizou-se a expressão de busca: síndrome de treacher collins and odontologia and saúde bucal. O diagnóstico, o tratamento bem como as orientações dispensadas aos pacientes acerca da enfermidade, devem ser precoces, e são importantes para o restabelecimento das funções mastigatória, estética e auditiva. Concluiu-se que as abordagens clínicas nesses pacientes devem ser precoces para minimizar eventuais danos e que as intervenções terapêuticas propostas visam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos pela síndrome.
Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-block-Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Micelles of Cyclosporine A in Rats: Comparison with Neoral®
Authors: Binkhathlan Ziyad , Ali Raisuddin , Qamar Wajhul , Lavasanifar Afsaneh
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) micellar formulation of cyclosporine A (CyA) following oral administration in rats making comparisons with its commercial microemulsion formulation, Neoral®. METHODS: PEO-b-PCL copolymer was synthesized and used to form micelles encapsulating CyA. The release of CyA from Neoral® and PEO-b-PCL as well as PEO-b-PCL degradation were assessed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Polymeric micellar CyA and Neoral® were administered by oral gavage to healthy Wistar rats. At predetermined intervals, rats (n=5 for each time point) were euthanized, samples of blood and plasma were collected and analyzed for CyA using an LC-MS/MS assay. Blood and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of CyA in its polymeric micellar formulation were compared to those of Neoral®. RESULTS: Polymeric micelles of CyA showed < 15 and 10% increase in diameter in SGF and SIF, respectively, within 24 h. PEO-b-PCL showed signs of minimal degradation when incubated for > 8 h in SGF, but was stable in SIF. Drug release in both SGF and SIF was comparable between the two formulations except for significantly higher release of CyA in SIF only at 24 h time point from Neoral®. Following oral administration (10 mg/kg), the blood AUC0-∞ and tmax of CyA in the polymeric micellar formulation was comparable to that for Neoral®. However, the Cmax of CyA-loaded PEO-b-PCL micelles was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that obtained with Neoral® (2.10 ± 0.41 versus 1.40 ± 0.25 µg/mL, respectively). CyA had higher blood-to-plasma concentration ratios in polymeric micelles compared to Neoral®, in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our results show that PEO-b-PCL micelles can serve as stable and good solubilizing carriers for oral delivery of CyA providing similar pharmacokinetic profile to that of Neoral®.
Ensaio sobre a noção de pessoa escravizada: Gestação de ingênuos, mães escravas e filhos cativos no período do ventre livre
Authors: Ferreira Andreza Carvalho
Published: August 2018

Neste texto analiso a noção de pessoa livre e a noção de pessoa escrava tendo como contexto principal a Lei do Ventre Livre sancionada em 1871 no Brasil imperial. Antes da promulgação de tal Lei, os filhos e filhas de mulheres escravizadas, ao nascerem, eram imediatamente entendidos como “escravos”. A partir da Lei, as crianças nascidas de mulheres escravizadas nasciam como “ingênuas”, um sinônimo para livre. Apesar de a Lei não ter libertado efetivamente nenhuma criança, observo alguns efeitos cosmológicos de sua narrativa, como algumas mudanças relacionadas à noção de pessoa.
Territorio Patrimonio: la actual experiencia gallega con Llos Caminos de Santiago
Authors: Portugal Josélia Godoy , Maseda Juan Mario Crecente
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho é sobre a experiência desenvolvida na Comunidade Autónoma de Galicia, em Espanha, em relação à preservação patrimonial e gestão integrada de um caso paradigmático como o Caminho de Santiago de Compostela, e todas as rotas jacobeias que são patrimônio. O objetivo é analisar as potencialidades e desafios atuais da gestão de um patrimônio a escala territorial sob o enfoque da ideia de território patrimônio. O trabalho está estruturado em três partes: 1 - contexto da recuperação histórica do caminho; 2 - proteção patrimonial integrada; 3 - gestão e planejamento territorial. Galícia se apresenta como uma experiência da inserção de novas categorias patrimoniais em seu sistema legal de proteção e gestão patrimonial com resultados interessantes.
Aquisição do sistema fonológico do português: correlações opositivas, traços e hierarquização
Authors: D'Angelis Wilmar Rocha
Published: August 2018

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A linguagem e a atividade
Authors: Rocha Cristina Tavares da Costa , Carvalho Marília Gomes
Published: August 2018

This essay makes considerations about a wider concept of language as activity and not as an artifact, although it may be in this way understood, when it is stated that anyone may appropriate  language, utilize it, improve it, and little by little, modify it and, thus, adequate it to the different activities in the practices of sociocultural groups. This essay also mentions the statements of these many researchers, who rely upon the Activity Theory, inspired in Vygotsky, proposed by Y. Engeström, and summed up in the model of human activities representation. Further, the essay resorts to the Russian philosopher Mikhail M. Bakhtin (1895-1975), to whom is attributed the Theory of Dialogism, and, as a consequence, the understanding of this new conceptualization of language as not a mere human cultural artifact, but as activity in itself, as language is inherent to Being and because it is attribute and not product of Being. The formation of consciousness and learning comes about through the social relationships and constant interactions that occur everyday in activities developed in communities of practice, as studied by E. Wenger.
A New Sequence and its some Congruence Properties
Authors: Zhang Wenpeng , Lin Xin
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to use the elementary method and the properties of the second kind Stirling numbers to study the congruence properties of a new sequence, which is closely related to Fubini polynomials and Euler numbers, and give some interesting congruences for it. This solves a problem proposed by the first author at an unpublished paper.
Ground-Penetrating Radar to explore spatial variations of thaw thickness and internal structure in the active layer of Tibetan Plateau based on Reverse time Migration Method
Authors: Lu Xinglin , Song Ao , Xiao Jiwen , Ma Zhenning , Qian Rongyi , Wu Qingbai
Published: August 2018

The active layer thickness (ALT) is affected by local soil material and surface vegetation coverage in Tibetan plateau permafrost region. The human activities and engineering construction along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) destroyed the surface vegetation coverage, which have seriously influenced the ALT and heat exchange balance. Meanwhile, the changes of the detailed internal structure in the active layer will affect the stability of engineering infrastructure. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to detect the ALT in the permafrost region. However, researches on the detailed structure of the active layer and spatial variation information of ALT are rare, the main reason given for this is that the lack of advanced imaging techniques to enhance the GPR images. In this paper, the researchers focus on solving this problem by applying the reverse time migration (RTM) method to GPR field data acquired in the Beiluhe region. Analyses of the results led to conclusions as follows: a) The RTM algorithm is proved to be accurate for imaging the characteristics of the active layer through the dielectric constant model obtained by common midpoint and GPR data velocity analysis. b) The result of RTM profiles show the loose structure and graben-like fine internal structure. Combining with drill data and soil materials information, the researchers deduce the graben-like structure might be coarse gravel layer, which may be related to subgrade settlements in some local area. c) The 2D contour maps not only show the spatial variation feature of ALT at two sides of the highway, but also can compensate the defect of the research for single 2D survey line. The ALT is about 0.6~0.8 m in most areas, and about 0.8~0.9 m near the highway at west side of the QTH on the 2D contour maps. From the RTM interpretation profile, the closer to the plash, the deeper thawed active layer. The detailed internal structure of the active layer and 2D contour maps of ALT have great significance for the study of fine internal structure and the characteristic of ALT spatial variation in the Tibetan plateau under the background of climatic change.
Linking Poverty and Environment as Causes of Conflict: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Azhar Masood ur Rehman , Masood Saima , Malek Nor Malina , Rehman Khaliqul
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of an International conflict, i.e. East Pakistan Crisis, 1971, and reveals that unequal development creates conflict in society. Natural resource scarcity and environmental degradation can also become a source of conflict, so marginalised and excluded people fight for their rights through non-peaceful means. This essay supports the theoretical approaches of poverty, environment, and conflict nexus and reveals that unequal development and resource scarcity deepens the poverty and creates conflicts in the society, causing harm to the environment. The degraded environment increases the poverty as environment and poverty are interlinked, and the poor have limited choices other than to degrade the environment for their survival. This vicious downward spiral link between poverty and degradation of the environment requires working extensively for poverty alleviation to reverse the environmental decline.
A Rapid, Sensitive, and Portable Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A in Complex Food Matrices
Authors: Tam Christina C. , Flannery Andrew R. , Cheng Luisa W.
Published: August 2018

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) intoxication can lead to the disease botulism, characterized by flaccid muscle paralysis that can cause respiratory failure and death.  Due to the significant morbidity and mortality costs associated with BoNTs high toxicity, developing highly sensitive, rapid, and field-deployable assays are critically important to protect the nation’s food supply against either accidental or intentional contamination. We report here that the B-cell based biosensor assay (CANARY® Zephyr) detects BoNT/A in buffer and various food matrices rapidly in ≤ 40 min, in small volumes ≈ 50 μL, with minimal processing of samples, and is extremely portable (suitcase-sized equipment). BoNT/A was detected at limits of detection (LOD) < 0.075 ng ± 0.02 in assay buffer while milk matrices (non-fat, 2 %, whole milk) increased the LOD to < 0.175 – 0.314 ng. Limits of detection for the assay in complex foods were < 1 ng ± 0.0 (neutralized acidic juices-carrot, orange and apple); < 16.7 ng ± 7.7 (liquid egg); and varied from < 0. 39 – 3.125 ng for solid complex foods (ground beef, green bean baby puree, smoked salmon). These results show that the CANARY® Zephyr assay can be a highly useful tool in clinical, environmental, and food safety surveillance programs.
Potensi pulau bira besar sebagai sumber belajar animalia submateri invertebrata untuk siswa sekolah menengah atas (sma)
Authors: Erawati Diah , Mutmainah Zahra , Aldeirre Dzaalika , Fadli Rahman
Published: August 2018

Pulau Bira Besar sebagai salah satu bagian dari zona taman nasional dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan penelitian dan pendidikan. Sumber belajar merupakan komponen pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan oleh guru dan memfasilitasi siswa dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji potensi Pulau Bira Besar sebagai sumber belajar Animalia submateri Invertebrata di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif eksploratif. Pengambilan data Invertebrata dilakukan dengan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hewan dari kelompok Invertebrata ditemukan di wilayah Pulau Bira Besar, di antaranya : Porifera (13 spesies), Mollusca (11 spesies), Echinodermata (8 spesies), dan beberapa spesies karang. Hewan-hewan yang ditemukan mewakili empat filum pada Invertebrata dan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar Animalia submateri Invertebrata. Kesimpulan  penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Bira Besar berpotensi dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar untuk siswa SMA.
Pengelolaan pembelajaran model problem based learning dengan media audio-visual untuk meningkatkan kompetensi biologi
Authors: Miza Yosi Skanda
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di  SMA Negeri 10 Bogor. Penelitian mengambil subjek  siswa kelas XI IPA 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.  Pengelolaan pembelajaran model Problem Based Learning dengan media Audio-visual bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi Biologi dan keantusiasan belajar siswa.  Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Siklus I terdiri dari 2 kali tindakan hasilnya  rata-rata nilai uji kompetensi kognitif siswa 74. Hasil uji kompetensi kognitif siswa belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditetapkan. Kegiatan pembelajaran siklus II dilakukan dengan memperbaiki kelemahan yang ditemukan pada siklus I. Siklus II terdiri dari 2 kali tindakan hasilnya  rata-rata nilai uji kompetensi kognitif siswa 79. Penelitian selesai pada siklus 2 karena hasil uji kompetensi siswa sudah melampaui kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditetapkan. Dari hasil pengolahan dan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan pembelajaran model Problem Based Learning  dengan Media Audio-visual dapat meningkatkan kompetensi Biologi tentang Sel dan Jaringan Tumbuhan pada siswa kelas  XI-IPA 2 SMAN 10 Bogor.
Penggunaan metode pembelajaran mind mapping dan media cd interaktif sistem gerak manusia terhadap penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa smp
Authors: Suryandari Arum Puri
Published: August 2018

Metode dan media pembelajaran adalah alat pengajaran penting yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung pencapaian siswa pada tujuan pembelajaran. Mind Mapping adalah salah satu metode yang telah digunakan dalam pembelajaran, demikian juga media CD Interaktif.  Penggunaan Metode Mind Mapping mempunyai kelebihan untuk membantu memudahkan mengingat banyak informasi demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran.  CD Interaktif merupakan media pembelajaran yang dapat mempermudah penyampaian materi dan membuat proses pembelajaran lebih menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran Mind Mapping dan Media CD Interaktif serta interaksi metode dan media pembelajaran terhadap penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi sistem gerak manusia.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 23 Kota Tangerang tahun pelajaran 2014/2015.  Data dikumpulkan melalui uji instrumen penguasaan konsep sistem gerak manusia dan instrumen kemampuan berpikir kritis sistem gerak manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2 x 2. Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan uji statistika Analysis of Variance (Anova). Uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Uji Tuckey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode Mind Mapping dan media pembelajaran CD Interaktif serta interaksi antara metode dan media pembelajaran berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penguasaan konsep sistem gerak manusia dan kemampuan berpikir kritis sistem gerak manusia pada siswa SMPN 23 Kota Tangerang dengan nilai signifikansi (p) < α = 0,05.
Menuju ‘unbk’ yang berkarakter dan berkualitas melalui latihan penyusunan paket soal prediksi dan pembahasan menggunakan model two stay two stray
Authors: Rismawati R
Published: August 2018

Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi guru di SMA adalah terjadinya penurunan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hasil belajar yang paling umum yang marak  diperbincangkan dewasa ini antara lain adalah hasil  Ujian Nasional (UN). Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) di SMA Negeri 29 Jakarta pada mata pelajaran biologi tahun 2017. Berangkat dari telah terjadinya penurunan hasil UN  pada mata pelajaran biologi di SMANegeri 29 Jakarta tahun 2016 yang cukup serius,  dan berupaya agar terwujudnya UNBK yang berkarakter dan berkualitas di Tahun 2017,  melalui upaya pemberian tugas berupa latihan penyusunan ‘Paket Soal Prediksi UN’ dan pembahasan menggunakan model twostaytwostray (2 tinggal, 2 tamu). Pemberian tugas berupa latihan penyusunan paket soal prediksi UN, bertujuan untuk melatih peserta didik agar terbiasa dan paham dengan materi pelajaran yang tercantum dalam kisi-kisi materi pelajaran sesuai SKL yang menjadi  pedoman  perakitan soal UN. Sehingga peserta didik dapat menjawab soal  UN dengan benar dan pada akhirnya memperoleh hasil  yang lebih optimal sesuai dengan kesehariannya. Sedangkan  perlakuan (treatment) pembahasan soal (drill) dengan menggunakan model ‘twostaytwostray, diharapkan dapat melatih peserta didik dalam menguasai pengetahuan sambil berlatih dan membiasakan bersikap baik yang meliputi sikap: (1) Spritual (bersyukur, berdoa, toleransi beragama (2) Sosial (jujur,disiplin,santun,peduli,tanggung jawab,responsif,proaktif, toleransi) yang menjadi  sarana bagi perkembangan   pendidikan karakter. Dengan pembiasaan belajar, berdiskusi seperti layaknya bertamu dan menerima tamu yang syarat dengan nilai-nilai etika, moral dan agama yang berlaku dalam kehidupan dunia nyata di lingkungan masyarakat luas, diharapkan dapat melatih peserta didik untuk lebih siap menghadapi UNBK (Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer), dan memperoleh Hasil yang optimal. Hasil PTK menunjukkan bahwa telah terlaksananya proses UNBK dengan 2 sesi di SMAN 29 Jakarta pada tanggal 10-13 April 2017 secara tertib dan lancar tanpa adanya catatan-catatan khusus menyangkut pelanggarana tata tertib peserta, menandakan  bahwa telah terlaksananya UNBK yang berkarakter dengan hasil  yang berkualitas. Ketercapaian kualitas ditandai dengan terpenuhinya 2 kriteria yakni terjadinya: (1) kenaikan nilai rata-rata UNBK; dan (2) peningkatan peringkat sekolah baik di  tingkat wilayah Jakarta Selatan maupun di tingkat Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Behavioral Health, Local Health Department Accreditation, and Public Health 3.0: Leveraging Opportunities for Collaboration
Authors: Bommersbach Tanner , Borger Kylee , Steverman Sarah , Manderscheid Ron W. , Sharfstein Joshua , Everett Anita
Published: August 2018

The rise of the opioid epidemic and the increasing rate of suicides have drawn attention to mental health and addiction and have highlighted the need for collaboration between public health and behavioral health. However, these 2 fields have had limited engagement with one another.

The introduction of Public Health 3.0 and population-based financing models that promote prevention and value in health care have created opportunities and incentives for local health departments and behavioral health agencies and providers to work together. New undertakings include the creation of accountable care organizations, community health needs assessment requirements for all non-profit hospitals, local health department requirements to conduct community Health Assessments (CHA), and increasing numbers of public health departments that are pursing accreditation.

We argue that by taking advantage of these opportunities and others, local health departments can play a vital role in addressing critical challenges in mental health and addiction facing their communities.
Aportaciones de la Realidad Aumentada en la inclusión en el aula de estudiantes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Chocarro De Luis Edurne , Lainez Borja , Busto Sancirian Jesús Héctor , López Benito Jorge
Published: August 2018

En el siguiente artículo se presenta una experiencia llevada a cabo en un Centro Educativo de la ciudad de Logroño, con el objetivo de utilizar la Realidad Aumentada para explicar contenidos científicos a un alumno con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. A lo largo de tres sesiones, el estudiante pudo aprender contenidos de Ciencias Naturales, concretamente los cambios de estado y el ciclo del agua, a través de actividades realizadas con Realidad Aumentada, que posteriormente llegó a explicar a sus compañeros. De este modo, se intentó dar respuesta a algunos de los principales déficits que presentan este tipo de personas: por un lado, la comunicación y la interacción social y, por otro, el aprendizaje de aquella información de naturaleza más abstracta como así lo confirman los resultados encontrados.En definitiva, recursos como la Realidad Aumentada ayudan a afianzar el proceso de aprendizaje de alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo, y en consecuencia, aumentan la posibilidad de establecer relaciones sociales con otras personas, facilitando así su integración en el aula ordinaria.
Las TIC como herramientas para el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural
Authors: Garrote Rojas Daniel , Arenas Catillejo Juan Ángel , Jiménez-Fernández Sara
Published: August 2018

El incremento de alumnado inmigrante en las aulas lleva a los centros educativos que tener que adaptarse para dar respuesta a las nuevas demandas sociales. En este trabajo abordaremos la educación intercultural desde el uso de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), buscando conocer la percepción que tienen los docentes sobre cómo se trabaja la competencia intercultural en las aulas a través de las TIC. Se ha llevado a cabo una metodología cuantitativa a través del cuestionario Rodríguez-Izquierdo (2015), que a través de tres escalas analiza la realidad de un centro educativo con un amplio número de alumnos inmigrantes. Los resultados muestran la percepción positiva que tienen los docentes sobre el uso de las TIC para trabajar la competencia intercultural aunque no se sienten preparador para su implementación en las aulas. No obstante, son conscientes de que la interculturalidad hay que abordarla adecuadamente en las aulas. Siendo necesaria una formación inicial y continuada por parte del profesorado en TIC.
Percepción de habilidades docentes a través de las emociones mediante el uso de videojuegos de temática social
Authors: Guerra Antequera Jorge , Pedrera Rodriguez María Inmaculada , Revuelta Dominguez Francisco Ignacio
Published: August 2018

La consideración del juego como herramienta educativa es una constante en la cultura humana. Actualmente, la esencia del juego es la misma, pero han cambiado los formatos para llevarlo a cabo. En éste marco nacen los videojuegos, los cuáles han tenido una vertiginosa evolución considerándose en los últimos años como elementos educativos mediante el Digital Game Based Learning. También se han tenido en cuenta las emociones como elementos propios de los procesos de aprendizaje vinculados con una serie de atributos y habilidades identificados con la docencia. La investigación realizada versa sobre la identificación de aprendizajes de atributos y habilidades docentes y el tratamiento de las emociones a través del análisis de videojuegos con temáticas sociales como son This War of Mine, Papers, please! y Unmanned. Las técnicas de acopio de información han sido la observación y la entrevista. Mediante éstas técnicas los videojugadores deben identificar qué emociones, atributos y habilidades son capaces de experimentar y/o desarrollar mientras están jugando. A modo de conclusión, se puede señalar que el análisis de los videojuegos fue efectivo y se hallaron respuestas emocionales ante acciones desarrolladas en el juego, así como aprendizajes destacados para el docente del siglo XXI presentes en los tres videojuegos.
El uso de la Neurociencia en el diseño de contenidos transmedia en los canales de televisión públicos de Europa: Videojuegos y Social TV
Authors: Crespo-Pereira Verónica , Legerén-Lago Beatriz
Published: August 2018

Con el objetivo de mejorar la atracción de nuevas audiencias, las cadenas de televisión públicas de Europa están utilizando la neurociencia para conocer mejor a sus usuarios y establecer las bases para el diseño de productos televisivos educativos eficientes. Además de permitirle comprender mejor las preferencias y gustos de la audiencia. A través de la revisión de la literatura, este documento se centra en el potencial de la neurociencia para el diseño de productos transmedia de éxito.
Systematic Evaluation of Landrace Tea Populations in Northern Sichuan, China, Based on Morphology, DNA Markers, and Biochemistry Analyses
Authors: Tan Li-Qiang , Wang Xin-Yu , Li Hui , Liu Guan-Qun , Zou Yao , Chen Shen-Xiang , Li Ping-Wu , Tang Qian
Published: August 2018

Landrace tea populations are important recourses for germplasm conservation and selection of elite tea clone cultivars. To understand their genetic diversity and use them effectively for breeding, two traditional landrace tea populations, Beichuan Taizicha (BCTZ) and Nanjiang Dayecha (NJDY), localized to northern Sichuan, were evaluated for morphological characters, simple sequence repeat (SSR)–based DNA markers and the contents of biochemical components. A wide range of morphological variation and a moderately high level of DNA polymorphism were observed from both BCTZ and NJDY. NJDY had on average, bigger leaves, larger flowers, higher total catechins (TCs), and greater gene diversity (GD) than BCTZ. Interestingly, samples from BCTZ had a wide range in the ratio of galloylated catechins to nongalloylated catechins (G/NG) (1.83–8.12, cv = 48.8%), whereas samples from NJDY were more variable in total amino acid (TAA) content (25.3–50.8 mg·g−1 dry weight) than those from BCTZ. We concluded that the two Camellia sinensis landrace populations are of great interest for both individual selection breeding and scientific studies.
Morphological Variability of Snowdrops in the Central Part of the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Jovanović Filip , Obratov-Petković Dragica , Bjedov Ivana , Živanović Ivana , Braunović Sonja , Ćirković-Mitrović Tatjana , Tomović Gordana
Published: August 2018

To address the issues of taxonomic delimitation and to select the material with desirable traits for horticultural use, a comprehensive study of the total variability of morphological characters of two naturally occurring snowdrop species (Galanthus nivalis L. and Galanthus elwesii Hook.) in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula was conducted. The analyses were performed for 16 quantitative characters of aboveground parts of 630 plants collected at 21 geographical points in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. To identify the trends in morphological differentiation, descriptive, univariate and multivariate statistical procedures were employed. Most of the examined characters exhibited moderate degrees of variability (cv from 10% to 20%) and the values of several characters exceeded the limits of variation stated in literature. Samples were mostly morphometrically homogeneous, with comparatively high similarity; only four populations of G. nivalis from the southern and southeastern part of the country were discrete. It is questionable whether these populations merit formal taxonomic recognition at any infraspecific level, but given their decorative qualities, the selected plants can be introduced into cultivation as horticultural plants.