bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corallopyronin A: antimicrobial discovery to preclinical development
Authors: Krome Anna K. , Becker Tim , Kehraus Stefan , Schiefer Andrea , Gütschow Michael , Chaverra-Muñoz Lillibeth , Hüttel Stephan , Jansen Rolf , Stadler Marc , Ehrens Alexandra , Pogorevc Domen , Müller Rolf , Hübner Marc P. , Hesterkamp Thomas , Pfarr Kenneth , Hoerauf Achim , Wagner Karl G. , König Gabriele M.
Published: June 2022

Identifying new antibiotics and their further development is a priority of natural product research. The antibiotic corallopyronin A serves in this review as a show case for the development of a naturally occurring antibiotic compound.
Cu(ii)-Mediated aerobic oxidative synthesis of sulfonated chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones
Authors: Zhou Quan , Yu Hai-Yan , Zhou Yaqing , Wei Jing-Ru , Wang Lei
Published: June 2022

A concise and facile synthesis of 2-sulfonylated chromeno [4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones and 2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-4-ones via Cu(ii)-promoted oxidative cascade C–C/C–N bond formation is described.
The regioselective synthesis of 2,5- and 4,5-disubstituted thiazoles via the cyclization of 2-oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates with isocyanides
Authors: Ravi Singh Krishna , Santhosh Chikkappaiahnayaka , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P.
Published: June 2022

Regioselective synthesis of 2-(methylthio)-N-aryl/alkylthiazole-5-carboxamides and ethyl-5-(aryl/alkylcarbamoyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates was carried out via the base-induced cyclization of methyl-2-oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates with TosMIC and ethyl isocyanoacetate.
Iodine pentoxide-mediated oxidative selenation and seleno/thiocyanation of electron-rich arenes
Authors: Wang Yong-Hao , Zhang Yun-Qian , Zhou Chen-Fan , Jiang You-Qin , Xu Yue , Zeng Xiaobao , Liu Gong-Qing
Published: June 2022

A simple protocol for the rapid synthesis of chalcogen-containing compounds by an I2O5-promoted oxidative Csp2–H selenation and seleno/thiocyanation of activated arenes is reported here.
Understanding the mechanism of nitroaromatic vapour uptake in PDMS-based pre-concentrators using 4-nitrotoluene
Authors: Poliquit Beta Z. , Burn Paul L. , Shaw Paul E.
Published: June 2022

We describe the development of an absorption spectroscopy method to monitor the uptake of vapours by PDMS-based pre-concentrator materials and apply it to characterising the uptake of 4-nitrotoluene under continuous flow conditions.
Mesoscale simulation approach for assembly of small deformable objects
Authors: Bello Toluwanimi O. , Lee Sangwoo , Underhill Patrick T.
Published: June 2022

We adapt Vertex models to understand the physical origin of the formation of long-range ordered structures in repulsive soft particles.
A covalent organic framework with electrodeposited copper nanoparticles – a desirable catalyst for the Ullmann coupling reaction
Authors: Chandran Chandana , Singh Himan Dev , Leo Liya S. , Shekhar Pragalbh , Rase Deepak , Chakraborty Debanjan , Vinod Chathakudath P. , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical deposition from an electrolyte containing Cu2+ loads Cu(0) nanoparticles (3.34 wt%) into a COF, making them resemble a single-site catalyst. This Cu@COF serves as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for multi-fold Ullmann coupling reactions.
Design of potential singlet fission chromophores based on diketofurofuran: an alternative to diketopyrrolopyrrole
Authors: Shen Li , Wu Qian , Lu Jitao , Zhao Haitao , Liu Heyuan , Meng Qingguo , Li Xiyou
Published: June 2022

Diketofurofuran derivatives show comparable singlet fission relevant excited state energies with diketopyrrolopyrrole analogues and tetracene.
Enhanced luminescence in multivariate metal–organic frameworks through an isolated-ligand strategy
Authors: Jiang Ziwei , Zheng He-Qi , Guan Lingling , Yang Yu , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong
Published: June 2022

Through an isolated-ligand strategy, the obtained multivariate MOF ZJU-235–BTDD0.02 exhibits a quantum yield of up to 80.92%, which is much higher than that of ZJU-236 constructed only from H2BTDD.
Improved photovoltaic performance of quinoxaline-based polymers by systematic modulation of electron-withdrawing substituents
Authors: Sagita Christyowati Primi , Yoon Jung Won , Kyeong Minju , Lee Seok Woo , Bae Hyemin , Whang Dong Ryeol , Choi Hyosung , Ko Seo-Jin , Chang Dong Wook
Published: June 2022

Systematic structural modulation with electron-withdrawing substituents was carried out to enhance the photovoltaic performances of quinoxaline-based polymers.
Characterization of functionally deficient SIM2 variants found in patients with neurological phenotypes
Authors: Button Emily L. , Rossi Joseph J. , McDougal Daniel P. , Bruning John B. , Peet Daniel J. , Bersten David C. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Whitelaw Murray L.
Published: June 2022

Single-minded 2 (SIM2) is a neuron-enriched basic Helix–Loop–Helix/PER–ARNT–SIM (bHLH/PAS) transcription factor essential for mammalian survival. SIM2 is located within the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of chromosome 21, and manipulation in mouse models suggests Sim2 may play a role in brain development and function. During the screening of a clinical exome sequencing database, nine SIM2 non-synonymous mutations were found which were subsequently investigated for impaired function using cell-based reporter gene assays. Many of these human variants attenuated abilities to activate transcription and were further characterized to determine the mechanisms underpinning their deficiencies. These included impaired partner protein dimerization, reduced DNA binding, and reduced expression and nuclear localization. This study highlighted several SIM2 variants found in patients with disabilities and validated a candidate set as potentially contributing to pathology.
What’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling in the control of plant immunity?
Authors: Erickson Jessica , Weckwerth Philipp , Romeis Tina , Lee Justin
Published: June 2022

Plant immunity is crucial to plant health but comes at an expense. For optimal plant growth, tight immune regulation is required to prevent unnecessary rechannelling of valuable resources. Pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI/ETI) represent the two tiers of immunity initiated after sensing microbial patterns at the cell surface or pathogen effectors secreted into plant cells, respectively. Recent evidence of PTI-ETI cross-potentiation suggests a close interplay of signalling pathways and defense responses downstream of perception that is still poorly understood. This review will focus on controls on plant immunity through phosphorylation, a universal and key cellular regulatory mechanism. Rather than a complete overview, we highlight “what’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling” in the immunity field. In addition to phosphoregulation of components in the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complex, we will cover the actions of the major immunity-relevant intracellular protein kinases/phosphatases in the ‘signal relay’, namely calcium-regulated kinases (e.g. calcium-dependent protein kinases, CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and various protein phosphatases. We discuss how these factors define a phosphocode that generates cellular decision-making ‘logic gates’, which contribute to signalling fidelity, amplitude, and duration. To underscore the importance of phosphorylation, we summarize strategies employed by pathogens to subvert plant immune phosphopathways. In view of recent game-changing discoveries of ETI-derived resistosomes organizing into calcium-permeable pores, we speculate on a possible calcium-regulated phosphocode as the mechanistic control of the PTI-ETI continuum.
Multi‐branch angle aware spatial temporal graph convolutional neural network for model‐based gait recognition
Authors: Zheng Liyang , Zha Yuheng , Kong Da , Yang Hanqing , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2022

Model‐based gait recognition with skeleton data input has attracted more attention in recent years. The model‐based gait recognition methods take skeletons constructed by body joints as input, which are invariant to changing carrying and clothing conditions. However, previous methods limitedly model the skeleton information in either spatial or temporal domains and ignore the pose variety under different view angles, which results in poor performance for gait recognition. To solve the above problems, we propose the Multi‐Branch Angle Aware Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network to better depict the spatial‐temporal relationship while minimising the interference from the view angles. The model adopts the legacy Spatial Temporal Graph Neural Network (ST‐GCN) as its backbone and relocates it to create independent ST‐GCN branches. The novel Angle Estimator module is designed to predict the skeletons' view angles, which enables the network robust to the changing views. To balance the weights of different body parts and sequence frames, we build a Part‐Frame‐Importance module to redistribute them. Our experiments on the challenging CASIA‐B dataset have proved the efficacy of the proposed method, which achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance under different carrying and clothing conditions.
Enhanced reactivity of oxygen-functionalised PAHs with atomic hydrogen – A route to the formation of small oxygen-carrying molecules
Authors: Jaganathan R. , Simonsen F. D. S. , Thrower J. D. , Hornekær L.
Published: June 2022

Aims. We investigate the interaction of a linear, catacondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), pentacene (C22H14), and its oxygen-functionalised form 6, 13 pentacenequinone (C22H12O2) with atomic hydrogen (H) under interstellar conditions. We compare their reaction cross-sections and reaction products to elucidate the possible role played by oxygen-functionalised PAHs in the formation of small oxygen-carrying molecules in the interstellar medium.

Methods. We present temperature-programmed desorption measurements in combination with mass spectrometry. The evolution of the mass distribution of the desorbed species with increasing H-atom fluence and their peak desorption temperatures give insight into the reaction products.

Results. The experiments reveal reaction cross-sections that are significantly larger for the oxygen-functionalised species compared to pentacene. For both pentacene and 6, 13 pentacenequinone, hydrogenated species with an even number of excess H-atoms dominate over hydrogenated species with an odd number of H-atoms. The end product, after exposure to large H-atom fluences, for both pentacene and PQ is fully superhydrogenated pentacene (C22H36), with little evidence for any remaining oxygen-containing species. This suggests the release of small molecules such as OH and/or H2O by the abstraction of oxygen atoms during hydrogenation, indicating that oxygen-functionalised PAHs can enable the formation of small oxygen-bearing molecules under interstellar conditions.
Numerical control system based on a programmable logic device
Authors: Śmigielski Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

The article presents a numerical control system of a multi-axis machine built using a programmable logic device.The system consists of PC, motor controller (based on FPGA), power stages and motors. The complete code of controller was written in the VHDL language and implementing in Xilinx Spartan 3 board. The PC program was created using LabVIEW.The logical and functional tests of the system have been carried out. The application of a programmable device enables its quick configuration according to the requirements set by the user.The main advantage of FPGA is the option to expand to following modules, such as the incremental encoder support module, PWM, FOC etc. In these applications, the advantage of the programmable system becomes visible, which due to its specifics, is built for parallel processing or generating signals.
Application of Torsional Dampers for the Vibrations Reduction in Crankshafts of Piston Aircraft Engines
Authors: Jackiewicz Jacek
Published: June 2022

It is a well-known fact that piston engines shake, among which some of them more than others. Therefore, such type of vibrations, created by piston engines, should be controlled somehow. For the reduction of torsional crankshaft vibrations, torsional dampers are often used. The crankshaft vibrations are intrinsic in any internal combustion engine because of the powerful though unequal forces, which act directly on its crankshaft. Although the dampers will not add engine horsepower, lack of using them causes that crankshaft vibrations will hamper the horsepower potential of engines. The study attempts to explore how torsional-vibration damping methods can be improved for traditional aircraft horizontally-opposed engines.
Directed Fluidized Bed in Drying Machines: Main Stages of Optimization Calculation
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Krmela Jan , Krmelova Vladimira , Artyukhov Artem
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the study of main hydrodynamic characteristics of the directed fluidized bed in gravitation shelf dryers. The algorithm to calculate hydrodynamic characteristics of the directed fluidized bed in the dryer’s workspace is described. Every block of algorithm has theoretical model of calculation. Principles of disperse phase motion in various areas in the gravitation shelf dryer are established. The software realization of author’s mathematic model to calculate disperse phase motion trajectory in free and constrained regime, disperse phase residence time in the dryers’s workspace, polydisperse systems classification is proposed in the study. Calculations of disperse phase motion hydrodynamic characteristics using the software product ANSYS CFX, based on the author’s mathematic model, are presented in the article. The software product enables to automatize calculation simultaneously by several optimization criteria and to visualize calculation results in the form of 3D images. The data on the construction of a computational model and computational grid for modeling the gas flow motion is presented. The results of determining the gas flow velocities field in the workspace of a gravitational shelf dryer distinguishing the specific zones of the drying agent’s motion are demonstrated. High and low-intensity places of gas flow are established in the dryer.The residence time of particles in the dryer is calculated depending on the technological and design parameters of the drying process, in particular, the constraint degree of the particle flow. The influence degree of the dryer’s features and its operating mode on the expected “hydrodynamic” residence time of the material in the device is established. The obtained value of the “hydrodynamic” residence time of the material in the device is compared with the drying time to find the optimal design of the dryer.
Numerical Simulation of Electron Beam Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Novák Pavol , Sága Milan , Vaško Milan , Kopas Peter , Handrik Marián
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of technological parameters of the welding process on the level of the residual stresses, distortions, and phase proportions. The preheating temperature and the eccentricity of the weld path are taken into account. The Visual Weld tool from ESI Group was used for simulation.
Generating the Code Controlling the CNC Machine Tool for Shaping the Surfaces of Worms with a Circular Concave Profile by a Point Method
Authors: Boral Piotr
Published: June 2022

Despite the fact that worm gears have been known for millennia, they are still used and they are constantly improved and developed. The goal is to obtain a gear that is not wearing out under the assumed operating conditions. That is why such an important issue is the ability to make worms with a defined profile as well as with a certain accuracy. This directly affects the durability of the worm gear. Comparing worm gears with concave-convex surfaces with conventional cooperation surfaces worm gears, they are characterized by: more favorable change in the distribution of Hertz pressure, change in the course of the contact line between the cooperating surfaces and an increase in the thickness of the worm wheel tooth at the base. In this way, improved power transmission and lubrication properties can be expected, what consequently results in less energy loss and less wear. The article presents the method of forming helical surfaces with a circular concave axial profile by the point method and the developed code generation program for controlling a universal multi-axis CNC machine tool.
The Modern Conveyor System and its Construction
Authors: Jakubovičová Lenka , Sága Milan , Kopas Peter , Vaško Milan
Published: June 2022

Rexroth systems are the right solution to move materials and it ensures a smooth transfer of material along the tracks Modern conveyor system is often used in industrial automatization. Presented system offers a full and diverse range of custom conveyor types and solutions. Designed conveyor system is an example of the use of aluminum profiles for students of secondary industrial school as a teaching tool.
Comparative Analysis of Tests under Real Conditions and CFD Model for Selected Operation Parameters of a Mobile Fan Used by Fire Protection Units
Authors: Kaczmarzyk Piotr , Małozięć Daniel , Warguła Łukasz , Krawiec Piotr
Published: June 2022

Mobile overpressure fans are popular tools used in rescue and extinguishing operations carried out by Fire Protection Units. They are used for exhaust and venting buildings from harmful products of thermal decomposition occurs due to fire. Health and human life may depend on the proper operations of this type of equipment. The aim of the article is to compare the results of real research with numerical analysis. The Scientific and Research Centrum for Fire Protection – National Research Institute test infrastructure was used for research. These test conditions were correlated during CFD (Computional Fluid Dynamics) analysis. The parameters resulting from the operation of the mobile overpressure fan are as follow: the shape of the stream and the distribution of the air flow velocity profile for the distances: 1.5 and 3.0. To perform tests, the representative ventilator was used – being a part of Fire Protection Units equipment. The obtained result provided information on discrepancies in the results of real and simulation studies, indicating further development directions of the research methodology of numerical studies, enabling future support for real studies. The error of the CFD model in relation to the actual tests for measuring the velocity of the flowing air is 0.18 to 18%.
Use of the Finite Element Method in the Prediction of Stresses and Strains in Roller Press Frames
Authors: Bembenek Michał , Gancarczyk Przemysław
Published: June 2022

In the article the design solutions for the roller presses have been characterized. On this basis, several roller press models were selected, their CAD models were prepared and then the loads have been put on the roller press frames and other components of the presses. The results of a stress and strain analyses have been done using the finite element method. A comparison of individual solutions are presented. On the basis of the analysis performed, the construction of the considered object are rated and solutions aimed at improving the existing solutions are presented.
Simulation Tests of Working Press Loads under Pre-tensioned Body Conditions
Authors: Mroziński Adam , Macko Marek
Published: June 2022

The article presents the concept of innovative technology for the production of press bodies, especially hydraulic ones. The manufacturing method is distinguished by the use of pre-tensioning of the press body, which guarantees the required rigidity and relatively low production costs. The SolidWorks Simulation application has been successfully used to assess the strength of the press body in conditions of different press temperatures.
Design of the Casting Technology using Foundry Simulation Codes – Development Condition
Authors: Popielarski Paweł , Czarnecka-Komorowska Dorota
Published: June 2022

Simulation codes currently used in the foundry industry are primarily used to predict casting quality, quality tied mainly to the location of defects such as shrinkage (voids of shrinkage origin). The effective use of the simulation system requires identification and knowledge of, adapted to the reality, physical parameters (thermal) of the casting - mould system. The lack of as complete as a possible identification of these values, used in modelling dependencies, is the cause of limitation of the development and scope of models describing casting solidification. The development condition of the simulation code in the foundry practice is the correct model installation and the use of the database corresponding to the model. The following application presents the analysis of the impact of simulation parameters on the prediction of the casting defects.
Application of the Augmented Reality Goggle for a Muting Procedure with Convolutional Neural Networks Algorithm
Authors: Lalik Krzysztof , Kozek Mateusz , Dominik Ireneusz
Published: June 2022

The use of augmented reality glasses is one of many elements of the standard known as Industry 4.0. This article shows the use of Microsoft HoloLens headset to support the work of the semi-automatic machine operator. As the quality of collecting cloud points for these glasses is not enough, it was decided to implement a neural algorithm that was used to filter the online image obtained from augmented reality headset.
Nondestructive Evaluation of BSCC Artificial Heart Valves
Authors: Sapieta Milan , Dekýš Vladimír , Weis Peter , Svoboda Martin
Published: June 2022

The subject of investigation is a set of four artificial heart valves made of electrically conductive material, namely the alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Notches of defined geometry with gradually increasing depth were formed on these BSCC (Bjork-Shiley Convexo-Concave) valves. These defects are created on the so-called output strut, which serves as a support mechanism for the controlled movement of the so-called occluder disc and they have been investigated. The method which was used is ultrasonic infrared thermography, where the object was excited by the UTVIS EDEVIS ultrasonic system and the response was detected by the FLIR SC 7200 infrared camera. The postulate for the use of this method is that the excitation signal may be periodically pulsate or in any other way modulated by certain amplitude frequencies, called "lock-in frequency". Lock-in thermography is a type of active lock-in method. The results of damage detection on these relatively complicated objects are compared and discussed.
Mechanical Properties of the Materials Making up the Conveyor Belt Structure
Authors: Biszczanik Aleksandra , Malujda Ireneusz , Wilczyński Dominik , Wałęsa Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Belt conveyors, equipped with belts designed for transporting materials and finished products are used in many industries. They allow to transport delicate items, for example made of glass, heavy products, such as canned food products and lightweight items, such as cardboard boxes. For this reason, the conveyor belts must, besides transferring power, ensure adequate conditions of transport for the conveyed materials without compromising the service life of the belt. Homogenous belts may not be capable of meeting all these requirements at a time. Composite belts, composed of the load-bearing layers and covering materials adhered thereon with the purpose to modify the surface properties, can be an option of choice in such cases. The described experiments were carried out on the respective materials making up composite belt joints as part of the research efforts related to the PhD thesis on adhesive bonding of composite belting materials. The strength tests were carried out on dumbbell-shaped specimens that were prepared from the load-carrying layer of synchronous polyurethane belting, the facing materials, namely polyamide fabric and polyurethane foam and the polyurethane adhesive used to join these layers. The differences in the parameters describing the surface properties, i.e. hardness and roughness were also checked. The experimental results were used to determine the material and strength properties of the components and the resulting differences were analysed.
Heat Production in Considering Boilers and their Influence on CO and NOx Emission Values
Authors: Klačková Ivana , Lenhard Richard , Holubčík Michal
Published: June 2022

At present, there is a tendency to make greater use of hot water heat sources for the combustion of solid fuels, such as lump wood, coal, coke, instead of heat sources for the combustion of natural gas. This tendency is due to the high price of natural gas as well as the availability of cheaper solid fuel. In many cases, as part of saving on heating costs, respectively. as part of waste disposal, municipal waste of various compositions is also co-incinerated with solid fuel. This co-incineration entails increased emissions, such as CO (carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides), TZL (particulate matter), PM10, HCl (hydrogen chloride), PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and others which, with a relatively large number of heat sources for the combustion of solid fuel in municipalities, have a significant impact on the quality of the environment in the locality. Between the population and representatives of the state administration as in Žilina, Thus, the Moravian-Silesian Region also lacks awareness of how the environment is degraded due to the co-incineration of solid fuel and municipal waste. At present, there is no qualitative comparison of the effect of combustion of solid fuel and municipal fuel waste to the emission burden on the environment. There are no real measured emission factors for determining the production of the above emissions from the co-incineration of solid fuels and a certain amount of municipal waste. The combustion of fossil fuels and the consequent occurrence of harmful emissions on the environment are therefore becoming a central theme of current heating technology.
The Influence of Selected Physico-Chemical Factors on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Studied Vulcanizates
Authors: Pajtášová Mariana , Janík Robert , Ondrušová Darina , Skalková Petra , Feriancová Andrea , Ďurišová Silvia
Published: June 2022

The focus of the presented study was set on the influence of physico-chemical factors on the physico-mechanical properties of the investigated vulcanizates containing carbon black filler substitution by mixing alternative fillers. Relating to the alternative partial substituents of fillers, the fine fractions of bentonite, polylactide, polypropylene and coffee grounds have been chosen. The prepared vulcanizates were exposed to various environment conditions which were based namely on DCSBD, plasma discharge (Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge), organic solvent and fungus extract of Piptoporus betulinus. The main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of the selected environment conditions on the physico -mechanical as well as dynamical and mechanical properties of the studied vulcanizates. The effect of chosen alternative fillers and physico-chemical factors on the physico-mechanical properties (elongation, tensile strength and hardness) was evaluated for the studied vulcanizates. Taking into account the chosen environment conditions, the viscoelastic behaviour of the prepared vulcanizates with alternative fillers and reference vulcanizate were evaluated on the basis of the results of the dynamical and mechanical analysis which was resulting from measurements. The measured results show that selected physico-chemical factors in combination with selected alternative fillers affect the physico-mechanical as well as dynamical and mechanical properties of the studied vulcanizates.
Maintenir les recommandations de la CIPR adaptées aux besoins
Authors: Clement C. , Rühm W. , Harrison J. , Applegate K. , Cool D. , Larsson C.-M. , Cousins C. , Lochard J. , Bouffler S. , Cho K. , Kai M. , Laurier D. , Liu S. , Romanov S.
Published: June 2022

La Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a initié un examen et une révision du système de radioprotection afin de mettre à jour les recommandations générales de 2007 dans la Publication 103 de la CIPR. Il s’agit du début d’un processus de plusieurs années qui nécessite une collaboration ouverte et transparente avec les organismes et les personnes du monde entier. Bien que le système soit robuste et efficace, il convient de l’adapter à l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques et de la société afin de demeurer adapté aux besoins. Le présent document vise à encourager les discussions sur les domaines du système qui pourraient bénéficier le plus d’un examen, et à engager des initiatives de collaboration. Le renforcement de la clarté et de la cohérence constitue une priorité. Plus le degré de compréhension du système est élevé, plus il est possible de l’appliquer efficacement, ce qui se traduit par une amélioration de la protection et une harmonisation accrue. De nombreux domaines pourraient faire l’objet d’un examen, notamment : la classification des effets, avec un accent particulier sur les réactions tissulaires ; la reformulation du détriment radiologique, qui pourrait inclure les maladies non cancéreuses ; la réévaluation de la relation entre le détriment et la dose efficace, et la possibilité de définir des détriments pour les hommes et les femmes et différentes classes d’âge ; la variation de la réponse individuelle à l’exposition aux rayonnements ; les effets héréditaires ; les effets et risques pour le biote non humain et les écosystèmes. Certains des concepts de base sont également examinés, notamment le cadre permettant de réunir la protection des personnes et de l’environnement, les améliorations progressives des principes fondamentaux de justification et d’optimisation, une approche plus large de la protection des personnes et la clarification des situations d’exposition introduites en 2007. En outre, la CIPR envisage de déterminer dans quels cas l’incorporation explicite des fondements éthiques dans le système présenterait un avantage, comment mieux refléter l’importance des échanges et de l’implication des parties prenantes, et de donner des conseils supplémentaires sur l’éducation et la formation. La CIPR invite à répondre à ces questions et à d’autres liées à l’examen du système de radioprotection.
Patient radiation dose and lifetime attributable risk of cancer due to ionizing radiation in cardiovascular interventional radiological procedures
Authors: Jamshidi M.H. , Keshavarz A. , Karami A. , Salimi Y. , Valizadeh G.A.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to calculate the patient radiation dose and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) in Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological (CVIR) procedures. The patient population included 327 patients who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). Exposure data were reported for every examination such as Kerma-Area Product (KAP), fluoroscopy time and number of exposures. Organ dose and effective dose were assessed by PCXMC software. LAR values were determined according to BEIR VII report. The mean effective dose per examination in CA is 12.6 mSv for males and 10.25 mSv for females. In PCI, the mean effective dose is 18.06 mSv for males and 22.73 mSv for females. Organs with highest dose are thymus, heart, breast, and lung. The mean of LAR value in CA is 62 and 60 for males and females, respectively. In PCI, the mean of LAR value is 89 and 132 for males and females, respectively. Also, the KAP to effective dose conversion factors (CFKAP-ED) were calculated. CFKAP-EDfor CA is 0.249 in males and 0.228 in females, and for PCI is 0.2446 and 0.2316 for males and females, respectively. This study will help better understand the concept of ionizing radiation dose in the CVIR procedures and how the individual patient’s effective dose and LAR can evaluate the cancer risk.
Radiation safety for pregnant women with COVID-19: a review article
Authors: Ataalla N.
Published: June 2022

In the midst of the catastrophic outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, potentially life-saving treatments for pregnant women cannot be ignored. Pulmonary infection or pneumonia is a common complication of COVID-19. Radiologic imaging plays a critical role in both controlling the disease and evaluating the consequences of coronavirus COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest-computed tomography (CT) are the most commonly used procedures to detect and treat COVID-19 and can predict and prognosticate the impact on patients of COVID-19. In this context a deep understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation and its hazards is required and radiological examinations should be used cautiously in pregnant women. The aim of this review is to discuss radiation protection issues for pregnant women with COVID-19 during radiological examination with regard to the effects on the fetuses. An evaluation of electronic databases for publications in English was performed for coronavirus, symptoms, detection, and radiation risk in pregnancy. In such circumstances, international rules or standard protocols need to be established to assist physicians and radiologists in the necessary measures for detection, control and follow-up of COVID-19 during pregnancy. The review found that lung examinations with LUS are an effective alternative to CT.
Evaluation of influencing factors on the radiation dose of hospitalized neonates: Maturity status and type of disease
Authors: Yarmahmoodi F. , Qasemian S. , Ravanfar Haghighi R. , Razavinejad S.M. , Zeinali-Rafsanjani B.
Published: June 2022

Context: Premature neonates have multiple medical and surgical problems; therefore, hospitalization and imaging are required. Recently there has been too much concern about the long-term effects of radiation in neonates. In this survey, we assessed the frequency of imaging and radiation dose in neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in our University-affiliated hospital. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted during a year (2019–2020) on 291 neonates. The information has been gathered from Health Information System and picture archiving and communication system, and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: 291 neonates were included in the study, from which 175 (60%) neonates were preterm and 116 (40%) neonates were term neonates. The mean gestational age (GA) was 35.5 weeks and the mean hospital admission duration was 15.8 days. The mean number of portable and non-portable imaging procedures was 5.13 and 0.62 for preterm and term neonates, respectively. There is a statistically significant relationship between gastrointestinal disease and the number of abdominal X-rays. There is also a statistically significant relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chest X-rays; there is no statistically significant relationship between pneumonia and the number of chest X-rays in the hospital course. The mean accumulation effective doses in preterm and term neonates in-hospital course were 0.549 and 0.498 mSv, respectively. Discussion: The neonates in NICU are more susceptible to radiation hazards due to numerous imaging than other neonates. Portable imaging is eight times more dosing than non-portable imaging, so due to the scattered radiation from portable devices, the actual radiation dose may be higher than what we estimated. No brain CT scan was done for the neonates with convulsion because of using safer and more valuable modalities; so we could recommend radiologists and pediatrics to use substitute modalities like sonography and MRI instead of CT scan and X-rays.
Kutane Infektionen im Kindesalter
Authors: Fölster-Holst Regina
Published: June 2022

Kutane Infektionen bei Kindern sind häufig, wobei als Auslöser Bakterien, Viren oder Pilze in Betracht kommen. Diese können die epidermalen Zellen direkt von außen oder im Rahmen von systemischen Erkrankungen infizieren, die Hautreaktionen können aber auch durch die Toxinfreisetzung der Bakterien oder als Antwort des Immunsystems auf die Infektionserreger erklärt werden. Beispiele dafür sind das Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) und Scharlach sowie Exanthemerkrankungen. Darüber hinaus treten sekundäre Infektionen häufig bei Parasitosen auf. Der Artikel fokussiert bakterielle, mykotische und virale Infektionen, wobei bei den letzteren auch Exanthemerkrankungen Erwähnung finden. Aufgrund des umfangreichen Themas, das den Rahmen dieses Heftes sprengen würde, werden nur häufig vorkommende bakterielle, virale und mykotische Hautinfektionen fokussiert und die Exanthemerkrankungen sowie die Parasitosen lediglich tabellarisch dargestellt. Detailliertere Abhandlungen sind entsprechenden angegebenen Referenzen zu entnehmen.
Influence of NOS1AP Risk Variants on the Corrected QT (QTc)
Interval in the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia
Authors: Esen-Sehir Dilhan , Kopf Juliane , Hägele Sandra , Plichta Michael M. , Reif Andreas , Freudenberg Florian
Published: June 2022

Introduction The variants of the gene for nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor
protein (NOS1AP) are associated with schizophrenia and cardiovascular
deficits involving corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Here, we
investigated a possible pharmacogenetic effect of antipsychotic treatment on QTc
length in interaction with two NOS1AP variants (rs12143842 and
rs10494366) whose minor alleles are associated with increased QTc interval
length.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of electrocardiographic
(ECG) and genotype data of 239 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. We
converted antipsychotics dosage to chlorpromazine equivalents and defined daily
doses. We analysed the effects of the minor (i. e.
rs12143842-CT/TT and rs10494366-GT/GG) and major (i. e.
rs12143842-CC and rs10494366-TT) allele genotypes to QTc interval for female and
male participants separately.

Results As expected, rs12143842 and rs10494366 exhibit strong linkage
disequilibrium. Both polymorphisms had no direct effect on antipsychotic use or
QTc interval. However, there was a continuous increase in QTc interval with
increasing antipsychotic dosage in males. For both variants, positive
correlation of QTc length with antipsychotic dosage was found in homozygous male
carriers of the major alleles (i. e. rs12143842-CC and rs10494366-TT),
but not in minor allele carriers. There was no significant interaction between
antipsychotic dosage and QTc interval for either genotype in female
patients.

Conclusions In this study, a significant interaction was found between
both NOS1AP variants, rs12143842 and rs10494366, and antipsychotic
treatment on the QTc interval in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings might be
relevant for adequate antipsychotic treatment in rs12143842 and rs10494366 major
allele carriers.
Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierte Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Geisperger Jonas , Behrends Uta
Published: June 2022

Über 95 % der Erwachsenen weltweit sind mit dem Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) infiziert. Während die Primärinfektion meist oligo- oder asymptomatisch verläuft, erkranken ca. 500 pro 100 000 Menschen pro Jahr an einer Infektiösen Mononukleose (IM), mit einem Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen 15 und 24 Jahren. In den meisten Fällen heilt die Erkrankung folgenlos aus. Jedoch werden Fälle von protrahierter Abgeschlagenheit (Fatigue) oder postinfektiösem Chronischem Fatigue-Syndrom (syn. Myalgische Enzephalomyelitis) als Folge der IM beobachtet. Weitere schwere akute Komplikationen wie Milzriss, Atemnot aufgrund von „kissing tonsils“ oder Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose sind beschrieben und können prinzipiell alle Organsysteme betreffen. EBV ist zudem mit verschiedenen malignen Erkrankungen wie Nasopharynxkarzinom, Hodgkin- und Burkitt-Lymphom sowie Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose assoziiert. Einige angeborene und erworbene Immundefekte gehen mit einem hohen Risiko für EBV-assoziierte Komplikationen einher. In den meisten Fällen sind die Ursachen und Risikofaktoren noch unbekannt. Ein lizensierter Impfstoff ist noch nicht verfügbar. Die Diagnostik der EBV-Primärinfektion kann durch unklare serologische Befunde erschwert sein, ist aber von großer Bedeutung, um akute Komplikationen und Spätfolgen eindeutig zuordnen und rechtzeitig korrekt behandeln zu können.
Nodular Hidradenoma of the Lower Limb in a Young Female Impersonating as Sebaceous Cyst
Authors: Shetty Archana , Gnanadev Praveen , Gaffoor Nidha , Murali Nirupama
Published: June 2022

Adnexal tumors possess a remarkable capacity for morphological diversity and often present with nonspecific clinical presentations. Definitive diagnosis is made on histopathology with categorization based on the predominant morphological component. We present a case of a 31-year-old woman, with a swelling in the upper one-third of the right leg suspected clinically to be an infected sebaceous cyst. Histopathological examination clinched the diagnosis of a nodular hidradenoma. We wish to present this case not only for its uncommon clinical presentation but also for the diverse spectrum of histomorphological features that can be exhibited by this tumor. The case also emphasizes to surgeons the importance of complete surgical resection given the chances of recurrence and rare cases of malignant transformation associated with this entity.
A Radiological Curiosity of a Rare Diagnosis: Lhermitte-Duclos Disease
Authors: Bizimana Wilson , Koudouhonon Rita Oze , Igombe Suzanne Rita Aubin , Amarkak Waïs A. , Benelhosni Khadija , Nassar Ittimade , Moatassim Nabil Billah
Published: June 2022

Lhermitte–Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar lesion, described in 1920 by two French physicians: Lhermitte and Duclos. The clinical presentation is usually made of neurological symptoms. This lesion is characterized by a hamartomatous lesion in the posterior fossa. Mainly diagnosed by MRI, when it comes to preoperative, the T2-weightened MRI demonstrates the classical “tiger-striped” pattern. The definitive diagnosis, nonetheless, is histopathological. The treatment for LDD consists of surgical decompression or excision. We present here a rare case of a woman who developed neurological symptoms that led to LDD diagnosis to describe protocol MRI imaging, the main findings and their pathophysiological meanings.
Heparin: The Journey from Parenteral Agent to Nasal Delivery
Authors: Carpenè Giovanni , Negrini Davide , Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Montagnana Martina
Published: June 2022

Although the worldwide usage of direct oral anticoagulants has continuously increased over the past decade, heparin remains an important weapon in the current arsenal of anticoagulant drugs. Parenteral heparin administration (i.e., either intravenously or subcutaneously) has represented for decades the only possible route for generating a significant anticoagulant effect, although being notoriously associated with some important drawbacks such as discomfort and risk of low compliance, thus paving the way to searching for more amenable means of administration. We provide here an updated analysis of animal and human studies that have explored the feasibility, suitability, and efficiency of heparin administration through the unconventional nasal route, as a possible alternative to the more traditional parenteral injection. The major hurdles that contribute to impair intranasal absorption and systemic delivery of heparin are represented by its relatively high molecular weight and negative charge. Therefore, although pure drug administration would not be associated with efficient nasal adsorption, or by systemic biological activity (i.e., anticoagulant effect), the combination of low molecular weight heparins and absorption enhancers such as surfactants, mucoadhesive, cyclodextrins, polyethylenimines and encapsulation into (nano)carriers seems effective to at least partially improve drug transport through the nasal route and allow systemic delivery in animals. Besides generating anticoagulant effects, intranasal heparin administration can also produce local pleiotropic effects, mostly related to anti-inflammatory properties, such as attenuating airway allergic inflammation or inhibiting the binding of the spike protein of some coronaviruses (including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to their host cell receptors. This preliminary evidence represents a valuable premise for planning future studies in humans aimed at establishing the pharmacokinetics and biological activity of locally and systemically delivered intranasal heparin formulations.
Loperamide-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia Storm
Authors: Giesing William , Koester Cameron , Al-Akchar Mohammad , Kulkarni Abhishek , Labedi Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Loperamide is an over-the-counter antilaxative medication with minor opioid properties. For this reason, it has recently become a drug of concern for the Food and Drug Administration due to its potential for abuse. In addition, further apprehension pertaining to its over-the-counter availability has developed due to the recent increase in reported cases of loperamide overdose or prolonged use leading to arrhythmias. We described a rare case of loperamide-induced ventricular tachycardia storm.
Numerical simulation and experimental verification of a valveless piezoelectric pump based on heteromorphic symmetric bluff body
Authors: Jiang Haichen , Hou Yi , Hu Renhui , Hu Dianbin , He Lipeng , Cheng Guangming
Published: June 2022

To improve the output performance of valveless piezoelectric pumps, this paper designed a heteromorphic symmetrical bluff body based on the Karman vortex street principle, to optimize the flow direction and velocity of the liquid. The bluff body dome height, trapezoidal unilateral angle, and rounded corner structure height at different dimensional parameters and their relationship with the pump performance were studied. The pump pressure in both positive and negative directions was simulated and analyzed. At last, a prototype of the pump was made and the output performance was tested. The experimental results show that the maximum flow rate reaches 220.6 ml/min at 190 V, 45 Hz when the bluff body dome is 8 mm, the trapezoidal unilateral angle is 5°, and the rounded corner structure is 6 mm. Moreover, when the driving voltage is 190 V and the driving frequency is 130 Hz, the maximum output pressure reaches 670 Pa.
Models for calculation of the sideways force due to the kink modes in tokamaks
Authors: Pustovitov V. D.
Published: June 2022

The solution of the sideways force problem is finally needed for the ITER project. The task became urgent when the extreme danger of such a force was perceived. The predictions were based on the so-called Noll's formula derived under some simplifications. One of them was the prescription of the plasma motion without testing its compatibility with the force balance condition. Later, an alternative approach has been proposed [D. V. Mironov and V. D. Pustovitov, Phys. Plasmas 24, 092508 (2017)], where the key element was the absence of an integral electromagnetic force on the plasma. Another important improvement was a proper treatment of the vacuum vessel wall. Now the extensions of the previously developed models leading to or supporting Noll's formula are proposed with the resistive wall reaction similarly incorporated. The main attributes of those approaches, the plasma displacements, are kept the same as in the original versions. Precisely, these are the plasma tilt or the (1,1) kink mode. Two forces are calculated with such displacements: on the plasma and on the vacuum vessel wall. The former is shown to be far from zero in the analyzed cases, violating thereby the force-free condition. This does not happen when this constraint goes first. It becomes a selection rule for allowable perturbations. These roughly resemble the tilt and (1,1) mode but differ from them, which changes the result dramatically. The maximal force that can be produced by such kink-like modes compatible with the force balance cannot reach even one tenth of Noll's force. The quantitative comparisons of the competing models are provided.