bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use and Effectiveness of College Athletes' Strategies for Coping with Burnout Symptoms
Authors:   , Thorne Gavin
Published: February 2023

This research examined two questions concerning athletic burnout symptoms. The first question involved examining the extent to which athletes use certain types of coping strategies to cope with athlete burnout. The second question involved examining the effectiveness of the strategies that athletes use to cope with their burnout symptoms. One hundred thirty nine student athletes from a small Midwestern university responded to the self-report questionnaires that asked them to identify a time period when they experienced athletic burnout symptoms, and to indicate how they coped with these symptoms. The majority (84%) of the athletes reported experiencing symptoms of athlete burnout. Of 14 measured coping strategies, athletes reported using the following 11 strategies to a medium extent for coping with their burnout symptoms: acceptance, active coping, self-distraction, positive reframing, using emotional support, using instrumental support, humor, planning, religion, venting, and self-blame. Athletes reported using substance use, behavioral disengagement, and denial only a little bit for coping with symptoms. Measures of effectiveness included effectiveness ratings and the number and duration of athlete burnout symptoms. All three of these effectiveness indices indicated that the athletes found venting and humor to be ineffective strategies for coping with their burnout symptoms. To a lesser degree, the results evidenced that planning and self-blame were also ineffective strategies for coping with these symptoms. Finally, results on two of the three indices of effectiveness suggested that the use of positive reframing was an effective strategy for coping with symptoms of athlete burnout.
Intimidation and disruptive behaviors in the health care setting
Authors:   , Wade Janelle
Published: February 2023

Intimidation and disruptive behavior can undermine patient care and cause staff dissatisfaction and turnover of professionals in the health care setting. These behaviors have been linked to patient safety issues, nurse satisfaction, nurse retention, as well as ineffective communication and collaboration (Fontaine & Gerardi, 2005; Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), 2004; Martin, 2008; Rosenstein & O‟Daniel, 2005). The Joint Commission has made recommendations to reduce the incidence of disruptive behaviors. Hospitals are being asked to take responsibility, hold physicians accountable for their actions, and address workplace intimidation (ISMP, 2004; Rosenstein & O‟Daniel, 2005; The Joint Commission, July 2008). The purpose of this investigation was to examine the perception of intimidation and disruptive behaviors in the health care setting. Differences, if any, between perceptions and the frequency and effects of intimidation and disruptive behaviors was investigated. Data collected from identified variables can assist hospital administrators to understand the perceptions of intimidation and disruptive behaviors in their organizations and identify contributing factors that negatively affect those working in the health care setting. This investigation utilized a convenience sample of nurses and administrators working in two hospital settings in a Midwest rural state. A pilot study with a sample size of 7 and a larger convenience study with a sample size of 104 were used. This addressed the power analysis recommendation for at least 98 in the sample. This sample size will reduce the likelihood of a Type II error. The first research questions investigated was, “What is the difference, if any, of perception of intimidation and disruptive behavior frequency among nurses with varying levels of work experience?” The second research question was, “What is the difference, if any, of perception of the effects of intimidation and disruptive behavior frequency among nurses with varying levels of work experience?” It is hoped the results of the study will provide health care providers and administrators a better understanding of how intimidation and disruptive behaviors affect nurses, physicians, administrators, and hospitals. This will make it possible to find ways to improve collaboration and communication, patient outcomes, and relationships between health care providers in hopes that these improvements become integrated as expected professional health care practice.
Saul Bellow's Alienated Protagonists : Jamesian Psychology as Therapy
Authors:   , Hull Byron
Published: February 2023

The foregoing statement summarizes the spirit in which this writer approaches an assessment of the alienation theme which runs through the major works of Bellow like a motif uniting an orchestral composition: sometimes intense, sometimes subdued; played with variations, but always present. The problem of alienation, whether muted or loud in a given work by Saul Bellow, presents an antagonism to the literary hero and ultimately to the author himself. It forces upon the artist the necessity of coming to grips with it, of making some kind of adjustment to it. This alienation is a central problem in each novel, although \alienation\ as a label may not be acceptable to all as the proper term for the problem. This obstacle may be removed or brought within the realm of toleration, however, by the present writer's spelling out just what he means when he employs the term in relation to the Bellow protagonists. The term, it must be warned, does not lend itself to an easy definition in its connotations for the literary critic, and for that reason it will be necessary to discuss it extensively if its meaning is to be clear and the facts presented in the proper light within the context of the present discussion.
The Experience of Nursing as a Career Choice in the 21st Century
Authors:   , Howell Joann
Published: February 2023

Today fewer students are choosing nursing as a career. Because of our increased aging population, as well as a soon to be retiring baby boomer registered nurse (RN) population, there is an urgent need to replenish the dwindling numbers of students in our nursing programs. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative inquiry was to identify the experience of students selecting nursing as a career. The participants in this study consisted of (N=10) first year students enrolled in the 2006 fall semester in the Practical Nursing Program at a rural Midwestern Community College. Nursing student participants chosen for this investigation consisted of two male students and eight females. Two students were of Hispanic ethnicity and eight students were of Caucasian ethnicity. Three of the students were married with children, two students were divorced with children and five of the students were single. Of the five single students, one had no children, and four participants had children. This sample of students was as diverse as possible. The data generated resulted from in depth audio-taped interviews with the investigation participants after receiving permission through the Nursing Research Ethics Committee and the Institutional Review Board from the community college in a rural Midwestern state. Transcription of the conversations was completed using a flow chart, then the data were reviewed and analyzed for themes. Polit and Hungler's (1995) analysis was used. The findings were compiled in writing. Dwelling with the data and bracketing were utilized to analyze the data. Essence Truths identified were: Nurturance: Motivational Goals: Role-Modeling: Familiarity in Health Care: Childhood Decision: Financial: Personal Attributes: and Humanitarian. The Unifying Theme was “It takes a village to raise a nurse\. From the findings, suggestions were made for nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice.
The Herpetofauna of Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Gish Charles
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the problem was threefold. Firstly, the study was to determine the kind and relative abundance of the species of amphibians and reptiles in Ellis County. Secondly, a knowledge of the localities for the various species was important. And thirdly, the study was to initiate the development of a herpetological collection at Fort Hays Kansas State College. Specimens were collected by different methods for the different species. In general the best results were obtained by seining and night collecting trips for amphibians, by seining and hook and line for turtles, by rock turning for lizards and by rock turning and trapping for snakes. Thirty-six species were collected during the study: nine species of amphibians representing six families and twenty-seven species of reptiles representing nine families. Of the twenty-seven reptiles, two were previously unrecorded from Ellis County. Five species previously recorded from the county were not taken in the study, and eight expected species representing four families were not found in the county.
Religiosity and Social Status Within a Sect : A Study of the Church-Sect Dichotomy
Authors:   , Argotsinger George
Published: February 2023

This is a study of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saint Greenwood congregation located in Littleton, Colorado. It is a sect oriented religious body situated in an urban area. A sample of fifty-eight adults, twenty-three years of age and older, of an adult population of 149 persons, was analyzed for the presence and relationship of types of individual religiosity and upper and lower socioeconomic status. The factors of occupation, education and income were combined into an index for determining the divisions of socioeconomic status. Types of individual religiosity were constructed with concepts derived from the church-sect theory of religious institution. This procedure was based on N.J. Demerath III’s work which is described in his book, Social Class in American Protestantism. Four typologies of individual religiosity were constructed: (1) totally involved, (2) pure church type, (3) pure sect type, (4) the dormant parishioner. Sociological literature on the history and development of the church-sect dichotomy is discussed. Empirical studies of religious institutions and individual religiosity, based on the theoretical concepts of the church-sect dichotomy and its relationship to socioeconomic status are reviewed. The research of literature lends credence to the author’s assumption that each religious body has a dominant worldview which is associated with the socioeconomic status of its adherents. The research of literature lends credence to the author’s assumption that each religious body has subsystems within its structure which are associated with the socioeconomic status of the parishioners. The sociological study of the congregation reveals its over-all sectlike orientation, the presence of subsystems within its structure and the relationship of socioeconomic status with the over-all sectlike orientation and subsystems. The relationship of socioeconomic status with the typologies of pure churchlike religiosity and pure sectlike religiosity was tested by the statistic, chi square. Upper status association with a pure churchlike religiosity and lower status association with a pure sectlike religiosity was significant at the 5% level. Dimensions of church attendance, institutional and nonchurch volunteer organization participation, influence of church membership in daily life, communal factor, attitude toward minister’s preaching on controversial subjects, and leadership indicate a tendency to be associated with socioeconomic status in the sect oriented congregation.
The Links Between Body Dissatisfaction and the Perceptions of Eating Disorders
Authors:   , Lauterbach Amy
Published: February 2023

Past research has examined the potential factors in the development of body dissatisfaction such as gender influences, the media, peer influences, and familial influences. Body dissatisfaction has also been found to be a strong predictor of eating disordered behavior. However, less research has examined what specific aspects of eating disorders are strongly predicted from body dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine which aspects of various eating disordered behaviors can be predicted from body dissatisfaction. The Amy Survey contained four Symptom Scales (Anorexia Nervosa, Benge Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, and Dieting) and four Behavioral Scales (Doing/Feeling, Similar Situation, Distress, and Easy to Treat) which were composed of 160 items total. Overall the Amy Survey, which was designed by the author and consists of scenarios describing individuals with symptoms reflective of different eating disorder symptoms, was found to be both a reliable and valid measurement as was expected. In terms of validity, there were four factors within the Behavioral Scales and five factors within the Symptom Scales. Factor 1 (Doing/Felling; Similar Situation) and Factor 4 (Severe Situation; Doing/Feeling) within the Behavioral Scales were quite similar due to their conceptual overlap while Factor 2 (Easy to Treat) and Factor 3 (Distress) evenly represented eating disordered behavior. Similarly in regards to the five factors found within the Symptom Scales, Factor 1 (Binge/Purge Cycle Symptoms), Factor 2 (Eating preoccupation Symptoms), Factor 3 (Negative Self Evaluation Symptoms), and Factor 4 (Rigid Eating Standards) within the Symptom Scales indicated much conceptual overlap while Factor 5 (Binge Eating Symptoms) thoroughly represented characteristics of Binge Eating Disorder. In addition, women were found to have significantly higher body dissatisfaction discrepancy scores than men, and women also have a significantly higher frequency of negative body dissatisfaction scores than men. There were also significant gender differences among the Doing/Feeling and the Similar Situation Behavioral scales as well as among the Binge Eating Disorder and the Dieting Symptom scales. Additionally, increases in body dissatisfaction discrepancies were found to significantly predict increases in the Doing/Feeling Behavioral scale as well as in the Similar Situation Behavioral scale within the Amy Survey; they were not found to be significantly related to the Distress Behavioral Scale. Increases in body dissatisfaction discrepancies were found to significantly decrease the Easy to Treat Behavioral Scale. Lastly, increases in body dissatisfaction discrepancies were found to significantly predict an increase in all four eating disordered Symptom scales within the Amy Survey.
A Screening Test of Aphasia for Individuals Who Speak Hindi
Authors:   , Shrivastava Snehal
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the speech-language performance of individuals who suffered vascular injury to the left cerebral hemisphere to that of individuals with no history of neurological damage on a newly designed Screening Test of Aphasia for Individuals Who Speak Hindi (STAISH). It was proposed that the total and subtest scores on the STAISH could serve as good indicators for differentiating individuals with and without aphasia. The second purpose of the study was to perform a preliminary assessment of whether the type of aphasia indicated by the subtest scores of individuals in the aphasia group was comparable to that determined by neuro-imaging and clinical neurological diagnoses. The participants in this study were 64 individuals whose primary language of communication was Hindi. Thirty-one participants presented with speech and language difficulties after suffering from a stroke. The control group consisted of 33 participants who presented with no speech and/or language difficulties and no neurological damage. The STAISH was administered to the two groups and results were compared. The subtest score variations for the aphasia group were compared to their clinical neurological and computed tomography (CT) diagnoses. Results indicated that the scores on the STAISH have potential as indicators for the presence of aphasia. Diagnostic classification of aphasia could not be formulated by administration of the STAISH at this time due to lack of a larger sample for the aphasia group. However, the variations of the subtest scores on the STAISH were in accordance with the theoretical construct of aphasia.
Effects of Combining Isometric and Isotonic Exercise with the Exer-Genie Exerciser Upon Vertical Jumping Ability
Authors:   , Becker Eldon
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine what effect the use of the Exer-Genie has upon vertical jumping ability with selected subjects.
An Investigation of the Self-Concept of College Preparatory Students
Authors:   , Hertel Joseph
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the self-concept of college preparatory students. The independent variables were gender, educational classification (grade level), residency status, involvement in extracurricular activities, family structure, and family concept. The dependent variable was the self-concept score obtained from the Personal Attribute Inventory - Self. The following four instruments were used: a demographic data sheet constructed by the researcher, an activity involvement rating sheet constructed by the researcher, the Personal Attribute Inventory - Self, and the Personal Attribute Inventory - Family. The sample consisted of 150 randomly selected sophomores, juniors, and seniors from a college preparatory school in the Midwest. A status survey factorial design was employed with predetermined and post hoc groupings. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance, 4 using three-way analyses of variance and 1 using a two-way analysis of variance. Seventeen comparisons and 14 recurring comparisons were made. Of the 17 comparisons; 5 were statistically significant at the .05 level; of the 5 comparisons which were statistically significant, 3 were for main effects and 2 were for interactions. The 3 significant main effects were residency status, involvement in extracurricular activities, and family structure. The 2 significant interactions were between 1) involvement in extracurricular activities and family structure, and 2) family structure and family concept. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Subjects who lived at home with parents had stronger self-concepts than those with other living arrangements. 2. Subjects highly involved in extracurricular activities had stronger self-concepts than all other subgroups except those from intact families with low involvement. 3. Subjects from other family structures with intermediate and low involvement in extracurricular activities had the weakest self-concepts of any subgroup. 4. Subjects from an intact family structure reporting both positive and negative family concepts had stronger self-concepts than those from other family structures, regardless of family concept.
Imagery Development Through the Use of Intaglio and Lithograph Techniques
Authors:   , Heronemus Daniel
Published: February 2023

The major objective in my work was to develop a distinctive style of drawn imagery that is representative of feelings towards my environment, through the use of line, modeled shading, and all possibilities of the printmaking medium.
A Comparative Study of the Business Departments of Kansas and Oklahoma Junior Colleges
Authors:   , Fine Kenneth
Published: February 2023

The purpose for which this study was designed was to present a useful aid to those prospective business teachers who would be considering a teaching position at a Kansas or Oklahoma Junior College. It was the intent of the study to give needed information in the areas which were directly related to the business teacher. With this purpose in mind, the study was then refined to explore the areas of school administration, available facilities, student bodies, business curriculums, and faculty composition. By supplying pertinent information to the prospective business teacher about each of these areas, it was felt that the study would be a useful tool to the individual considering a Kansas or Oklahoma junior college teaching position. The writer feels that sufficient information about the areas relating to the junior college business teacher at a Kansas or Oklahoma junior college has been uncovered by the study and recorded in such a way as to accomplish the purpose for which the study was intended.
An Interpretive Analysis of the Non-Voting Behavior of Registered Voters in the 01/01/1958 General Election, Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Black Donald
Published: February 2023

An attempt has been made in this study to determine the relationship which exists between non-voting and the personal characteristics of sex, age, and occupation. An attempt was also made to discover some of the reasons why eligible voters do not vote. / The study was conducted in Hays, Kansas, immediately following the general election in the fall of 01/01/1958. The group that was studied was composed of 1,087 registered voters who failed to vote in the 01/01/1958 general election. / The research was conducted in two separate phases. First: a tabulation was made of the personal characteristics of the registered non-voters from the official registration lists in the city clerk’s office in Hays. From these tabulations correlations were drawn between non-voting and the age, sex, and occupation of the non-voters. Second: from this group of non-voters a 12.5 percent sample was obtained through the use of a questionnaire with which to determine the possible reasons for non-voting. / The results of the study showed that women were poorer voters than men. Of the total group, there were more young people than old. Of particular interest was the definite correlation between non-voting and occupation. Businessmen were the best voters while those persons classified as laborers were the poorest voters. The majority of women who were non-voters were housewives. / The study also revealed that apathy was probably the greatest one single factor influencing non-voting. Many of the non-voters failed to vote simply because they did not care. Of some significance was the fact that many people had not established sufficient residence.
The History of the Development of Aerospace Education in the United States
Authors:   , Blackhall Alyce
Published: February 2023

Aerospace Education in the United States began long before the records of specific individuals, plans, and programs for its development were kept. It began, probably, when the first American airplane, the Kitty Hawk, left the ground at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903. It had its roots firmly planted in the aviation efforts of Leonardo da Vinci, whose 5,000 pages of notes on theories of aviation were used by every later generation. The Montgolfier Brothers proved that man could live aloft. Sir George Cayley produced the most complete study of the aerodynamics of flight in history. The results of the efforts of these men and others proved to the world that powered flight was possible. These men and others opened opportunities in transportation that have severed forever mankind's chains to earth. Within five years of the Wright Brother's flight, school programs in aviation education emerged. H. LaV. Twining of the Los Angeles Polytechnical High School included aviation education in his physics classes in 1908.
Phytoplanktonic Productivity in Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Trego County, Kansas
Authors:   , Ellermeier Ronald
Published: February 2023

Measurements of phytoplanktonic productivity and certain physical and chemical characteristics were made over a one-year period, 25 September 1968 to 27 September 1969. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles showed the lake to be in a nearly continual state of holomixis. A slight gradient in these measurements existed briefly in summer and under the ice. Hydrogen ion concentration and total alkalinity varied little throughout the study. Values ranged for 7.9 to 8.3 pH and 94 to 111 ppm for alkalinity. Transparency ranged from 1.2 to 3.9 m. Productivity was measured using Carbon-14 methodology. The graph of integrated productivity generally followed the seasonal trend of water temperature. Assuming that he incubation period represented 45% of total daily isolation, the estimate of daily mean productivity for the year was 116 mg C m-2. Abnormally high dark bottle uptake encountered periodically may have resulted in an underestimation of productivity.
High School Students' Attitudes Toward and Use of Alcohol
Authors:   , Reed Robert
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Use of Alcohol of students in three southwest Kansas high schools. The following independent variables were investigated: Perceived Peer Attitude Toward Alcohol, Perceived Parental Attitude Toward Alcohol, gender, Knowledge of Alcohol, grade placement, community, and self-esteem. The dependent variables were scores from the Attitude Toward Alcohol and Use of Alcohol subscales of an alcohol questionnaire. Six composite null hypotheses and one null hypothesis were tested at the .05 level of significance. The sample consisted of 286 students grades nine and eleven. For the six composite null hypotheses, a status survey factorial design was employed using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model), and the null hypothesis was tested employing a t-test for a correlation coefficient. A total of 47 comparisons were made, plus 38 reoccurring. Of the 47 comparisons 13 were for main effects and 34 for interactions. Of the 13 main effects 5 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 34 interactions 2 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. male students have a more positive Attitude Toward Alcohol than female students; 2. residence (community) is associated with Attitude Toward Alcohol; 3. grade placement and community should be interpreted concurrently for Use of Alcohol; and 4. self-esteem, grade placement, and community should be interpreted concurrently for Use of Alcohol.
Variations in Vegetation and Soil on Three Breaks-Sites Overlying Three Different Limestone Formations
Authors:   , Smith Charles
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare vegetation and soils occurring on breaks-sites overlying three distinct limestone formations. Three limestone formations, Ogallala, Niobrara, and Greenhorn outcrop in Ellis County, Kansas, as the Ash Hollow, Fort Hays and Fencepost limestone members, respectively. Three line transects were established across each breaks-site. Vegetative composition and basal cover were determined by taking points along each transect. Each breaks-site was divided into smaller units termed edaphic communities. These edaphic communities were named according to the dominant grasses present, Forage yields were determined for each edaphic community by clipping six one-square-foot plots in each community at the end of the growing season, Forage yields were divided into forbs, shortgrass and mid-grass and calculated as total grass and total vegetation, soil samples were taken from each edaphic community and mechanical analysis, pH, and chemical analyses for total exchangeable metallic cations and exchange capacity were run on each sample. Analysis of variance was used to compare grass yields from each edaphic community while the Fisher T Test was used to compare vegetative composition on the breaks-sites.
Variables Affecting Categories of Forgiving Behaviors in Relationships
Authors:   , Ohmart Karen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to define active forgiveness, passive forgiveness, passive non-forgiveness, and active non-forgiveness in order to develop a testing instrument to determine patterns of forgiving behaviors when people have been wronged. The subjects for this research were 144 student volunteers available through classes at a middle-sized Midwestern university. Contemporary literature which focused on the forgiveness of wrongdoing provided the basis for the questionnaire which was designed by the researcher and used in this study. The passive non-forgiveness index was shown to be less reliable than the indexes for active and passive forgiveness, and active non-forgiveness. Three of the 10 demographic variables (age, sex, and geographic background) were shown to significantly affect forgiving behaviors. This research provides a basic foundation for the study of forgiving patterns as they relate to communication principles.
Fantasy World of Nonviolent Organic People
Authors:   , Shellito Raymond
Published: February 2023

The series of work done in my masters program, I feel, all fits into my theses title—“Fantasy World of Nonviolent Organic People”. The work was all designed to fit into their own world just as if writing a play. The world and its characters were set up on paper including landscape, time, and color just as if planning out a building or design.
The Relationship Between Client Satisfaction and Perceived Quality of Service in a Rural Nurse Practitioner-Managed Clinic
Authors:   , Koirth Candace
Published: February 2023

Client satisfaction is becoming progressively more important as competition in the healthcare market increases. Satisfaction has been documented to be a predictor of adherence to treatment, continuing use of health care services, and recommending services to others (Abramowitz, Cote, and Berry, 1987). The relationship between client satisfaction and perceived quality of service received at a rural nurse practitioner-managed clinic was investigated using a descriptive, correlational research design. The sample (N = 34) was derived from subjects who chose to utilize a rural nurse practitioner-managed clinic in a rural Midwest county of Kansas. King's Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment was abstracted together with Cox's Interactional Model of Client Health Behavior to serve as the theoretical foundation that guided this study. Significance included expanding on the limited number of research studies regarding client satisfaction with quality of service provided by nurse practitioners in rural nurse practitioner-managed clinics, and to validate nurse practitioners unique contribution to primary care with specific, measurable outcome data in regards to client satisfaction. If clients are satisfied with the quality of service provided by nurse practitioners it is postulated that they will have better adherence to treatment regimens and return for further appointments if necessary. The Client Satisfaction Tool (CST) measured the degree of satisfaction that clients had with the nurse practitioner. The CSQ-8 measured the perceived level of quality of service provided by the nurse practitioner. Results indicated that the CST revealed a high level of satisfaction with the nurse practitioner services that had been received. The CSQ-8 revealed that clients' perception of the value or quality of the services they received at the rural nurse practitioner-managed clinic was positive. Statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine if a correlation existed between subject responses on the CST and subject responses on the CSQ-8. Data from thirty-three surveys (n = 33, 97% usable return rate) was used for the calculations. A statistically significant correlation of p = .0003 was found with a level of significance established at p <= .01. This represents a positive relationship between client satisfaction in a rural nurse practitioner-managed clinic (as measured by the CST) and perceived quality of service in a rural nurse practitioner-managed clinic (as measured by the CSQ-8). Further research is recommended due to the small sample size and availability of only one clinic site.
The Effect of Retroactive and Proactive Inhibition of the Slow and Fast Learner
Authors:   , Morgan John
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare proactive and retroactive inhibition and the retention r ate between the slow and the fast learner. The slow and fast learners were defined by their placement in remedial and honor classes in U.S.D. #347. The following hypotheses were tested in a paired associate manner: 1. the effects of proactive inhibition would be greater for the slow learner than the effects of retroactive inhibition. 2. The effects of retroactive inhibition would be greater for the fast learner than the effects of proactive inhibition. 3. When allowed sufficient, but equal, time for learning a task, the slow learner will recall more learned material than the fast learner. Paired associates of numerals and CVC trigrams were used as the learning and inhibiting tasks. These were projected on a screen to thirty randomly selected subjects of remedial and honor students in an elementary grade summer school. These subjects were separated into three groups, one group being exposed to proactive inhibition, one to retroactive inhibition, and one group serving as a control group. An analysis of variance was used to make the statistical analysis. None of the hypotheses were validated but there were indications that the cause may in part be due to the fact that the design left motivation uncontrolled.
Mud Slinging : Frequency of Negative Television Advertisements Used by Campaigns Affiliated with the Two Major U.S. Political Parties
Authors:   , Koster Daniel
Published: February 2023

Negative campaign strategies as a method of communicating with potential voters have been addressed in previous studies. The background information for this study was gathered using categories of information relating to communication theories, media influence, and candidate input as they pertained to the types of campaign strategies. Skaperdas and Grofman (1995) examined several scenarios in which the use of negative campaign strategies was considered to be effective. The study sought to narrow the study of negative campaign strategies by analyzing a series of television advertisements run by major party candidates from the 1992 through the 2004 presidential election. The ads were obtained through the \Living Room Candidate\ (LRC) website and involved using two coders and very specific criteria. The responsibility of the coders was to analyze the advertisement using Functional Theory, Politeness Theory, and Dynamic Social Impact Theory and determine whether the ad would be considered negative. The conclusions reached about each collective ad by the two coders were then pooled together to make comparison, and draw conclusions based upon recent trends in how negative advertisements have been employed by presidential candidates. The results of the study based upon the advertisements available on the LRC website suggest a decline in the overall me of negative advertisements in recent campaigns. The outcome of the study also seems to confirm that the use of negative advertisements during recent presidential campaigns is strongly related to each of these communication theories.
Academic Predictors for Practical Nursing Education and Nclex-Pn Success
Authors:   , Dinges Beryl
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to identify academic variables, both before and during the nursing program, that predicted the practical nursing student’s success in educational and licensure processes. The predictor variables were (a) high school grade point average (GPA); (b) Practical Nursing Entrance Exam (PNEE); (c) number of support course credit hours successfully completed prior to nursing school; (d) Tests of Adult Basic Education (TABE); (e) first, second, and third nursing course percentage grade; and (f) LPN Assessment Test. The criterion variables included (a) percentage grade for the first nursing course, (b) LPN Assessment Test pass rate, and (c) National Council Licensure Examination for practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN) pass rate. The sample (N=62 consisted of practical nursing (PN) students who attended and/or graduated form a Midwestern vocational technical school/college during the time between August 1991 and June 1995. Due to incomplete data on some nursing program entrants, statistical analyses were conducted on variables with complete data sets and, thus, the sample size for each analysis varied. The investigation found: (a) there was a moderate, positive correlation (r = .35, p < .05) between high school GPA and the first nursing course percentage grade (FNCPG); (b) the third nursing course percentage grade (TNCPG) was the most important academic predictor in discriminating between the LPN Assessment Test pass and fail groups; (c) passing the LPN Assessment Test correlated with passing the NCLEX-PN (r = .32, p, .01); and (d) the PNEE composite score (R-.59) and TABE total reading score (R= .57) were the best predictors of the LPN Assessment Test percentage score when each test was analyzed separately. Based on these findings, the high school GPA, TABE, and PNEE can be analyzed by a nurse educator to help identify a student at-risk for failing in the first semester of his/her PN education. As the student progresses through the nursing program, nursing course grade and the LPN Assessment Test become significant academic predictors of success in the educational and/or licensure process. Nurse educators can utilize this knowledge as they plan and initiate appropriate teaching methodologies and/or counseling designed to support the student’s success in the admission to, progression thru, and graduation from a practical/vocational nursing program.
Dredge the Foundry | for Dirt and Era
Authors:   , Stauffer Woody
Published: February 2023

Billions of years are past us and billions of years await. Shaping earthen material into sculptural abstractions is my way to sense and convey the lethargic natural progression of the planet. Fossilization, rot, dirt, plant growth, animal existence, and rust are aesthetics I endow with new perspectives and form through mold making and casting. The dichotomy between the eons of time behind us and the endless possibility of a technological future has inspired the addition of a science fiction aesthetic. To rust these computerized constructed geometric forms demonstrates how futuristic ideals will also wither away. In many ways we are currently living in the future. This show is an unearthing of the foundry, a sifting of dirt for sculptural remnant within this given point in time.
The Effects of Creativity and Sex Differences on Grades of Above Average Children
Authors:   , Pitman Lois
Published: February 2023

The present study was an attempt to determine whether creative potential, as measured by certain divergent-thinking tests, has any effect on school grades. The study also attempted to determine whether boys and girls of differing creative levels, as measured by tests of divergent thinking, received significantly different grades. Two second grade classes in a large city school were administered three tasks from the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking. The three tasks included (1) Picture Completion, (2) Picture Construction (Triangle), and (3) Squares. The scores were totaled for a measure of creativity. Eighteen boys and seventeen girls were selected from the classes by scoring at 110 or above on the California Test of Mental maturity. Grade point averages were computed for these subjects. A two way analysis of variance compared the effects of sex and creativity on grade point average. The interaction of sex by creativity was significant at the .05 level. Cell means were tested by a Duncan Multiple Range Test. A significant difference (.05 level) was found between the mean grade point averages of boys scoring high on creativity and girls scoring high on creativity, favoring the girls. A significant difference also was found between girls scoring low and girls scoring high on creativity, favoring the high creative girls.
Self Concept, Age, Grade Level, Gender, Grades, Nationality, Family Structure and Special Classes
Authors:   , Lattimore Vicki
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the self- concept of 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students. The impact of nine independent variables upon self - concept was investigated. The nine variables were: age; grade level; gender; grades; family structure; image of mother; image of father; special classes; and nationality. The sample consisted of 328 students selected from a single junior high school in southwestern Kansas. The instrument used was the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Five of the hypotheses were rejected and one was accepted. Results from the statistically significant main effect indicated the following: (1) those who reported making A's had a higher mean self-concept than those who reported making C's, D's, and F's; (2) those living in intact and other family structures had a higher mean self-concept scores than those from a single parent family; (3) females reported a larger mean self-concept than males; (4) whites reported a higher mean self- concept score than Hispanic; (5) participants who rated their father's image highest reported the largest mean self-concept scores, those who rated their father's image intermediate reported intermediate mean self-concept scores, and those who rated their father's image lowest had the smallest mean self-concept scores; and (6) those who rated their mother's image highest reported the largest mean self-concept score, those who rated their mother's image intermediate reported intermediate mean self-concept scores, and those who rated their mother's image lowest had the smallest mean self-concept scores. The results of the present study appear to support the following generalizations: (1) females had a higher mean self-concept score than males; (2) whites had a higher mean self-concept score than Hispanics; (3) those living in intact family and other family structures had a higher self-concept score than single parent family; (4) participants making A's had a higher self-concept score than those making C's, D's, and F's; (5) those who rated their father's image higher reported a larger mean self-concept score than those who rated their father's image intermediate or low; (6) those who rated their mother's image higher reported a larger mean self-concept score than those who rated their mother's image intermediate or low; (7) no association between age and self-concept; (8) no association between participation in special classes and self-concept; and (9) no association between grade level and self-concept.
A Meta-Analysis of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Across Variable Populations and Settings
Authors:   , Miller Katherine
Published: February 2023

Marsha Linehan developed Dialectical Behavior Theory (DBT) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder in 1991. Because of DBT’s success, the treatment has spread to other populations and disorders. Due to the poor ratio of theoretical to empirical research on DBT, data is limited on the effectiveness of such a treatment. A meta-analysis across populations and settings was conducted utilizing much of the empirical data available to date. Based on the accumulated research, the meta-analysis resulted in a significant effect thereby furthering the empirical basis of DBT. Both a weighted and unweighted t-test were performed to establish DBT’s effectiveness in the accumulated research, as well as DBT’s effectiveness in general.
Influences of grazing on habitat characteristics, avian community composition and nesting bird abundance within Cheyenne Bottoms, KS
Authors:   , Granstrom-Arndt Kirsten
Published: February 2023

Cheyenne Bottoms is a 41,000-acre prairie-marsh ecosystem in central Kansas. Approximately 8,000 acres of mixed grassland are dedicated for the conservation of bird populations, but little is known about the status of bird communities within these areas. This study took place within grassland areas of Cheyenne Bottoms from May – July 2021. I investigated bird community composition, relative abundance of frequently observed bird species, vegetative characteristics, and similarity of sites across different grazing intensities (continuous, rotational, and non-grazed). The four most common bird species observed were dickcissel (Spiza americana), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), meadowlark species (Sturnella spp.), and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). Dickcissel abundances were greatest within non-grazed and rotationally grazed sites. Grasshopper sparrows had the highest abundance in a continuous site with low flooding, moderately high abundance in rotational sites, low abundance in a continuous site with high flooding, and abundance approaching zero in non-grazed sites. Red-winged blackbirds had higher abundances in non-grazed sites than other treatments. Vegetative similarity was generally highest within grazing treatments. Grass height and litter depth were highest at sites of the non-grazed treatment, with similarities across other treatments. Forb comparisons across sites show different distributions for sites of each treatment type, with rotational sites exhibiting a strong right skew and a relatively constrained height range. Presence of sweet clover (Melilotus spp.) was highly apparent at rotational sites within multispectral imagery. Management should continue to maintain pastures with both continuous and rotational grazing regimes.
Loneliness and Communication Apprehension in Marriage
Authors:   , Ault-Duell Patricia
Published: February 2023

Marriage is a dynamic relationship that changes over time. The experience of loneliness within the marriage and the attitudes marital partners hold about communicating with each other may also vary. The present study examined the effects of marital life-span stage and communication apprehension on levels of loneliness in marriage. Subjects were sixty married couples representing equal sized samples of each of four marital life-span stages: newlywed, parental, postparental, and retirement. Loneliness was measured using the self-report UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale (Russell-Cutrona, 1984). Communication apprehension was measured using the self-report Personal Report of Spouse Communication Apprehension (Powers & Hutchinson, 1979). The UCLA-3 was subjected to a factoral analysis to determine the possible presence of an “Intimate Others” factor, representing loneliness that is specific to the marital relationship. Marital loneliness and communication apprehension were graphed across marital lifespan stage. A multiple regression procedure was used to examine the relative effects of marital life-span stage and communication apprehension on marital loneliness. The data generated by this study suggest that the positive correlation found between loneliness and communication apprehension in other studies may by subject to complex modifications when viewed in the marital context.
Measurement of Cognitive Structure in the Domain of Art History
Authors:   , Beyerlein Susan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate differences in cognitive structure between novices and experts in the domain of art history. Novice subjects were six undergraduate students at a local university who had recently completed the introductory survey course in art history. Experts were five instructors of art at the university level and a person engaged in an art-related public service occupation. All experts had been involved in art as their major profession for over 10 years. A sorting task was used to elicit verbal protocol data. The protocols were then transcribed, scored, and analyzed using concept mapping and content analysis procedures. Most of the results were in the direction the hypotheses predicted, but failed to reach statistical significance. Several factors may have contributed to the lack of significance including small sample size, large variability, particularly within the expert group, and selection procedures that failed to predict group membership accurately. On the positive side, evidence was found to support the finding in the literature that individuals tend to classify novel exemplars in the direction of their dominant schemas.