bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
16SrRNA sequencing as tool for identification of Salmonella spp isolated from human diarrhea cases
Authors: Kamil Jabbar AL Kaabi Hayder , Salman AL-Yassari Abdul K.
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted in different location of Babylon, (75) clinical specimens were collected, obtained from patients suffering from severe diarrhea were attended to Merjan teaching hospital and Private clinics in Babylon province, and suffer from severe diarrhea that was associated with fever as diagnosed by physician, The period of specimens collection extended from September 2017 to January 2018. Results showed that out of 75 studied specimens of patients, 14 specimens were Salmonella positive (18.66 %). Salmonella isolates were isolated and identified by using bacterial culturing on selective media and confirming tests such as 16S rRNA gene amplification, all results of these diagnosis methods referred to all isolates belong to Salmonella spp. Depending on sequencing method for nucleotide sequence for 660 bp of 16S rRNA gene we sent only 10 isolates to registration these sequences in Gene Bank-NCBI for diagnosis of these isolates on species level and obtaining accession numbers then phylogeny. Ten accession numbers were obtained from 16SrRNA and registration of 10 sequences of 16SrRNA gene at gene bank-NCBI include one accession number (MH109326.1) for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Five accession numbers (MH156032.1, MH109512.1, MH109501.1, MH155972.1 and MH156033.1 )belong to Salmonella enterica sub.sp enterica serovar Typhi. While Salmonella enterica sub.sp enterica serovar Paratyphi recorded under two accession number (MH155974.1 and MH156039) and Salmonella enterica sub.sp enterica serovar Enteritidis recorded under two accession number (MH109386.1 and MH155973.1) respectively.
Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated from some vegetable plants
Authors: Abdul Elah Mohammad Dalia , Mohammad Taher Eman
Published: October 2019

In the recent years green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is being have become more advantage than over other biological process because they avoid elaborating process of culturing and maintaining the cells. Also, nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts is favourite because it is less cost, environmental -friendly, rapid and facile method. Therefore, the present study we chosen some plant extracts represented with Petroselinum crispum, Beta vulgaris and Lepidium aucheri for fabrication Ag NPs which was treated with silver nitrate solution( 1mM ) at two temperatures (60-100)C°. Ag NPs synthesized was investigated visually by colour shift for reaction mixture from yellowish green to brown colour. synthesized Ag NPs was characterise by UV-Visible spectroscopy that revealed a characteristic surface Plasmon resonance peak between( 405- 422 )nm. Also using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy( FTIR) indicated the role of the functional groups that participated in synthetic process. These Ag NPs showed antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains.
Wound Healing Capacity, Antibacterial Activity, and GC-MS Analysis of Bienertia sinuspersici Leaves Extract
Authors: Shwaish Tarik , Al-Imarah Faris JM , Jasim Fatimah A
Published: October 2019

This study evaluates the wound healing efficacy of Bienertia sinuspersici leaves, a recently discovered species in the Arabian Gulf. A topical cream was formalized from the leaves and its wound healing activity was evaluated for incision, excision, and burn wound models. Bienertia sinuspersici extract was prepared and used for preliminary phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography-MS analysis, antibacterial assay (disk diffusion method S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa), antioxidant study, and to formulate a cream that was used for wound healing clinical trial. The presence of glycosides, saponins, and tannins is not confirmed; GC-MS analysis indicates the presence of 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (a sugar, 44.29% concentration) and l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (fat-soluble Ascorbic acid, 9.19% concentration). Average zone of inhibition for gram positive and gram negative bacteria were respectively 12-18 and 14-21 mm. Epithelization period for incisions wounds was 6-8 days (negative control: 12 days) with high keratin production and decreased scarring. Healing in excision wounds was steadier, faster and infection-less, contrary to controls. Bienertia sinuspersici leaves promote rapid and steady wound healing for both excision and incision wounds, also its antibacterial activity seems to induce a rapid, infection-less healing process.
Microbiological evaluation of locally produced ice cream in Baquba city. Iraq
Authors: Jawdat Fadihl Suhail , Qassim Mohammad Sarmad , Muafaq Al-qrtani Yasser
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of ice cream made locally and seller’s hands in different sites of Baquba city. The samples include 70 randomly collected ice cream and 25 sample taken from seller’s hands. All samples were free from salmonella and shigella also the absence of mold and yeast was concluded. The distribution of isolated bacteria from ice cream samples was as follow: %47, %34, %28, %26, %9 for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus while in seller’s hands were as %44, %24, %24, %24, %20, %8, %8 for the respectively Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Citrobacter spp. and Enertobacter aerogenes. Generally the pathogenic bacteria as Escherichia coli isolated in highest number in both ice cream and seller’s hands The range of bacterial total count for ice cream samples was between 3.3 × 105 and 5.2 × 105 cfu/g. The present study showed that the microbiological quality of the ice cream samples not fit the standard value. The results of this study encourage the necessity of providing hygienic conditions in the process, preparing, package and marketing to minimize the contamination of such a most consumed dairy product like ice cream.
Genetic Diversity among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Different Sources in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq Using RAPD-PCR Technique
Authors: Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi Ghaidaa , Alsudani Ali A , Mahdy Jabir Saja , Al-Mudhaffar Mohammed
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium which has emerged as one of the most problematic nosocomial pathogens. To characterizes P. aeruginosa strains that are widespread in patients in Al-Diwaniyah city, 30 clinical and environment samples were collected from general hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah city. Methods for isolation and identifying P. aeruginosa based upon culture methods coupled with biochemical tests, A total of 11 amplified DNA fragments ranging in size from 250 to 1 Kpb were observed using two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers (opX-13, op Y-04) where as22 polymorphic amplified fragments were commonly detected among the 6 p. aeuroginosa isolates and each of primer give different genetic profiles. The results shows the RAPD-PCR analysis is a good epidemiological screening method to detect genetic variation among pseudomonas aeuroginosa isolates.
Detection ssurRNA gene in children infected by giardiasis
Authors: Tektook NihadKhalawe , Pirko EptissamYounan , Amer Taha Tamara
Published: October 2019

Intestinal parasites that infect humans are widespread health problems, especially in tropical and semitropical zone, is no less important than other microscopic pathogens because it has the ability to infect most of the body’s organs and lead to sometimes fatal complications that end in death, in addition to its ability to reproduce and in great numbers, which led to the failure to eliminate it completely, parasitic protozoa and helminthes intestinal are a large variety of parasites that live in the intestine. This study aimed at investigating the infection of Giardia lambila in babies with diarrhea who have been referred to (the women’s hospital and children in Babylon, 200 samples of feces were collected form infants patients during the period from January 2018-July 2018, alaboratory microscopictestshowed topositive infection rate50/200 (25%), thise positive samples were examined secondly by Real-Time PCR as a more accurate detection and showed 41/50 (92.41%).
Effects of Cumin Seeds in some physiological characteristics ofquail
Authors: Mahmoud Alkattan Muntaha
Published: October 2019

The present trail was conducted to know the effects of Cumin seeds powder at different concentrates (250, 500, 1000, 2000) mg/kg B.W on some physiological and reproductive characters of male Quail bird’s. (Coturnix coturnix) The study was included (25) male of Quail birds their age and weight were (60-75) days, (161-180) g respectively, the experiment randomly divided equally into 5 groups,5 for each group First group was given a standard ration and empty capsules dose, considered the control group. Second group was given a standard ration and capsules contains Cumin seeds powder at 250 mg/kg B.W, Third group was given a standard ration and capsules contains Cumin seeds powder at 500 mg/kg B.W Fourth group was given a standard ration and capsules contains Cumin seeds powder at 1000 mg/kg B.W. Fifth group was given a standard ration and Cumin capsules at dose 2000 mg/kg B.W, this treatments was daily continue for 4 weeks. The results exhibited positive outcome significant through their effects on some physiological and reproductive characters where it rose by the concentration of the total antioxidants capacity (TAC) as compar with the control group, the increase was clearer by treating the birds with the 500 and 2000 mg/kg B.W concentrations, with (p ⩽ 0.05) possibility level. The hormonals concentrations were increased such as Testosterone, Spermatogenic Stimulating Hormone (SSH) and the Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) compared with the control group with (p ⩽ 0.05) whereas the Corticosterone decreased over the whole Cumin seeds powder treatment groups within all concentrations compared with the control group at (p ⩽ 0.05), the decrease was clearer within birds group treated with 2000 mg/kg B.W concentration. The study results suggest that the Cumin seeds powder has positive effects over concentration of the total antioxidants capacity for and some male sexual hormones while inhibition occurs in other hormones as cortisol.
Evaluation of DNA damage and Environmental Antioxidants defense systems in type 2 diabetes mellitus Patients
Authors: MmJ Almamoori Ayad , Al-Jassani Mohammed J , Khadairi Maher M , Alwan Wasan K , Nayyef Ali Assi Rasha
Published: October 2019

The presents study was conducted to evaluate the DNA damage markers, antioxidants makers and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, the results of presents study was showed the DNA damage markers such as comet length, tail length, %DNA in tail and tail moments were significantly increased at p<0.05 in diabetic patients as compared with healthy control group, Also all biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, Glutathione peroxidase GPx, Glutathione GSH and Malondialdehyde MDA were significantly elevated with diabetic patients as compared with healthy control
Gene expression of some cytokines in patients with Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Diwanyah province
Authors: Hussein Dakeel Marwa , Jerri Yousif Jameel
Published: October 2019

The current study was conducted in the Department of Biology - Faculty of Education for Girls - University of Kufa for the period from March 2018 to August 2018, which aims to detect the genetic expression of the mRNA of some of the cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis using RT-qPCR technique. The results showed that the relative quantification of gene expression of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 andTNF-α in the blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis compared to control. The highest amount was TNF-α, followed byIFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4, which was 15.9±4.9, 10.5±4.6, 7.6±3.7 and 3.7±1.1 respectively, compared with control of 2.3±1.2, 2.6±1.2, 2.6±1.2 and 1.9±1.3 respectively, with a statistically significant difference at P <0.05. The correlation results showed that all cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α) were significantly correlated with each other in terms of gene expression and the association was strong betweenIFN-γ and IL-10 (r = 0.88), followed by IFN-γand TNF-α (r = 0.75) and IL-10 and TNF-α, (r = 0.63) and then IL-4 and IL-10 (r = 0.54).The conclusion from this study that a cellular immune response is achieved by increasing the genetic expression of cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α in the peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and all these cytokines are positively correlated with each other.
Study of some clinico-pathological parameters of Thalassemia patients in AL-Zahraa hospital
Authors: Falah Abd Alaali Zahraa , Mohammed Flyyih Najat , fadel Radhia hussain
Published: October 2019

Thalassemia: is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in production of one or more globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb).Thalassemia is classified into two major groups, namely, α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia according to the particular type of globin chain affected. Various complications caused by this disease including, progressive liver failure and abnormal kidney function.one hundred samples of thalassemia were analyzed at AL-Zahraa hospital education in AL-Najaf province. The patients are aged (10-30) years. The results are compared with control group (50) persons. This study included some of the clinic-pathological and hematological parameters such as some liver enzymes, ferritin, complete blood count, blood film, also age and blood group. The results were (50%) male and (50%) female patients while the control group are (25%) male and (25%) female. Most Patients were (64%) in the age of (10 -15 years), followed by (26%) in the age group of (16 -20 years) and only (5%) in age (21-25 years), also (5%) for age (26 -30 years). Most frequent blood group in this study was O+ is (30%) followed by B+ group (27%) and the other blood groups A+, AB+, A-, O-, AB-, B- were (25%), (11%), (3%), (2%), (1%), (1%) respectively. Levels of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase and ferritin, in addition to, platelets and White Blood Cells count are higher than normal while Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and Red Blood Cells are decreased. Peripheral blood film of thalassemia patients showing microcytic and hypochromic anemia, in addition to, nucleated Red Blood Cell and large number of target cells. This study demonstrates that thalassemia patients have difference in liver function, serum content ferritin and hematological characteristics in comparison with control group.
Estimation of catalase activity and Malondialdehyde levels in blood groups ABO of PCOS patients
Authors: Jawad Hassan Rajwan , Mohammad Hasson Al-Husseini Alaa
Published: October 2019

The present study has been carried out at the Women’s and Educational Children’s Hospital in the city of Diwaniyah to determine level of oxidative stress indicators. (57) samples of patient women with PCOS were collected and observation of some clinical signs were followed, in addition to confirming the results of ultrasonic ultrasound tests, the group of women patient with PCOS was divided into four subgroups according to the type of blood group, (8) samples of blood group A, (21) sample Of the blood group B, (7) of the AB blood group and (21) of the blood group O. 30 samples of the non-polycystic ovarian syndrome women were selected. They did not suffer from chronic diseases and were considered a control group to measure the level the activity of Catalase enzyme (CAT) and concentration levels of malondialdehyde MDA as oxidative stress indicators by using the Spectrophotometer.The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the efficacy of catalase and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of the MDA in women with PCOS compared to control group, in addition to decrease of CAT enzyme activity and an increase in the level of MDA were more in the blood group O compared with the other blood groups.
Extraction Dyes From Two Natural Plants Olive Leaves and Beta vulgaris And The Uses In dyeing Textile.
Authors: Sadiq Mahdi AL-Khateeb Dalia
Published: October 2019

The method of dyeing the wool and cotton yarn was used in this research. The yarns were first set up and then the dye solution was present and the threads were then immersed in the dyeing bath. After completion of the dyeing process, three tests were conducted to measure the color of the dyes towards the external factors. These tests are:

First. Test the identity of the dye towards of light.

Second. Test the identity of the dye towards the sweating.

Third. Test the identity of the dye towards washing.

Fourth. Test the identity of the dye towards acidic and alkaline.

The results showed that the natural and industrial cotton was the most reliable. The industrial and natural wool were the least proven. Thus, the plant dyes are not equally proven against all external factors, but we can say that they are permanent dyes. This term is called dyes that are permanent dyes towards the factors and conditions that are Find out when using it.
Relation of angiography to hematological, hormonal and some biochemical variables in coronary artery bypass graft patients
Authors: Qader Othman Goran , Salah Saeed Ranj , Hussein Kadir Dler , Jalal Taher Hataw
Published: October 2019

The present study was designed to investigate the relation between severity of atherosclerosis via angiography and alteration of some important biochemical, hormonal and hematological variables in patients underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Eighty adult patients underwent coronary angiography were included in this study, and a standardized case-control study of acute myocardial infarction was established through taking 20 healthy individuals. Diagnostic coronary angiography was performed by a team of expert cardiologists. The patients were grouped according the number of major epicardial coronary arteries into one vessel disease (1VD), two vessels disease (2VD) or three vessels disease (3VD). The evaluation of biochemical tests were performed. The results of association of measurements with the severity of disease showed the priority of cholesterol and its related indexes (especially LDL) rather than TG indicating the severity of atherosclerosis. While, blood glucose and HbA1c were not apparently related to the degree of atherosclerosis. Significant reduction of T3 hormone and platelets and elevation in MPV were recorded in patients suffering from three vessels occlusion. This finding suggested strong association between severity of atherosclerosis and LDL, MPV and T3 in CABG patients.
A morphological and anatomical comparative Study of the Reproductive parts of the genus Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) in northern Iraq
Authors: AL-Abide Naglaa M.
Published: October 2019

The present study aims Morphological characteristics studies (for flowers, fruits, and seeds) and anatomical characteristics (petiole fruit, fruits and seeds) of 6 species are:
Veronica anagills-aquatica
L.,
Veronica anagilloides
L.,
Veronica arvensis
L.,
Veronica cymbalaria
bod.,
Veronica persica
L. and
Veronica polita
Fries

Wild grow in northern Iraq and belonging to the genus Veronica L., which belongs to the Plantaginaceae family, which was formerly classified within the Scrophulariaceae family, The results of the morphology study of the flowers showed a distinct difference in the colors of the petiole were violate in V. anagills-aquatic and pink in V. anagilloides and blue in other species, while all species were similar to the Insertion of the stamens on the petals (Epipetalous), and the pistils on the receptacle. While there was a clear difference in the shape and dimensions of the fruits, the two-lobes were obcordate in species V. anagills - aquatica., V. anagilloides, V. arvensis and trilobed in the V. cymbalaria, V. Persica and tetralobed in V. polita. A variation in the types and shape of Indumentum also appeared, as was their number within the fruit ranged between 2-40 seeds and since their characteristics are constant and unchanged with the environment, so it is one of the most important taxonomic characteristics. The fruit holder has a variation in the thickness of the plant tissues and the way they are arranged, and the thickness of the fruit casing differs according to the species studied, and the thickness and shape of the transverse section in the seeds different from the studied species
Assessment the relationship between kidney stone formation and river water by EDX
Authors: Walli Hazim A , Abed Ali Wisam jasim
Published: October 2019

Urinary stones a worldwide problem for affecting more number of people. The urinary stones which formed to the deposition of few minerals & crystalline materials. Urinary stone samples are analyze by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The present study have been to identify the minerals and elements, those are present in urinary stones and attempt to establish its morphological structure and elemental compositions. In the present study the minerals and morphological changes of different samples of human urinary stones are evaluated using XRD & SEM methods and the relationship with river water. The urinary samples are analyzed to identify the concentration of elements such as it Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Zn by EDX method, also study some physical and chemical properties of river water and the relation with kidney stone formation.
Effect of pesticides on soil microorganisms
Authors: AL-Ani Mehjin A M , Hmoshi Rawaa M , Kanaan Ibtiha A , Thanoon Abdullah A
Published: October 2019

In light of the rapidly growing human population, extensive pesticides have been utilized to maximize crop production. This has become a major environmental concern. To assess the influence of commonly used pesticides on soil microorganisms counts and microbial activities in the form of CO2 production, a factorial experiment was conducted. Herbicide (Glyset I.P.A, Glyphosate 48%) and insecticides Miraj (Alphacypermethrin 10%) and Malathion (50% WP) were separately added to the soil at 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm and incubated in the laboratory at 30 °C. The counts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and CO2 production were examined weekly for 7 consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that the addition of the three mentioned pesticides significantly decreased the microbial activities and counts of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The observed effect was depended upon the type and amount of pesticide as well as the length of incubation period. The microbial activities and the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticides added to the soil. In most treatments, soil samples treated with 200ppm of Malathion demonstrated the lowest microbial activities and counts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. This study suggests that the investigated pesticides negatively affect microbial counts and activity in soil, which confirms and reinforces previously reported environmental concerns.
Experimental study of the effectiveness of water-air suspension to prevent an explosion
Authors: Vambol S , Vambol V , Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy Khadeeja
Published: October 2019

For many countries where mining facilities exist, the importance of the mining sector is steadily increasing. Also, the mining sector is central to the global economy. However, the environment is adversely affected by explosions of finely dispersed coal dust and methane-air mixture in the mine. Dust deposited on the surface of the mine workings is as dangerous as hovering dust. The use of a water suspension system is effective for reducing the concentration of coal dust because dispersion increases. To ensure technological and environmental safety during combustion, release, mixing and distribution of gas impurities in the atmosphere (including in multiply connected areas with complex terrain or in closed spaces), an adequate mathematical description of the processes of creating and maintaining multiphase dispersed structures is required. The creation of such a mathematical model is possible only using the system of unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for compressible gas. For the practical implementation of this mathematical model, experimental studies are needed, which will confirm the possibility to create a water suspension with the necessary dispersion, the area of irrigated surface and at the required distance by the atomizer. The maximum range (in the extreme drops) of the jet was measured from the projection of the atomizer barrel onto the test site using pre-installed beacons. The size of the water droplets was determined by sampling from a stream on small glass slides coated with a thin layer of paraffin. Glass slides were photographed under a microscope and the diameter of the drop was determined using software. It was established experimentally that spraying a liquid with a mass flow rate of 1.0 l/s through square cells measuring 150 μm ensures the formation of a stable water-air dispersed suspension at a distance of 10 m. This is the most effective range where a stable air-dispersed air curtain was formed. By numerical simulation, it was established that the presence of water droplets provides not only complete deposition of coal dust, but also an additional decrease in the overpressure and temperature of the high-temperature cloud of the combustion products of the methane-air mixture. This is due to the transition of the liquid phase to the vapor state. From the analysis of the simulation results it can be seen that the effectiveness of water curtains decreases when extinguishing explosions of only methane-air mixture (that is, without participation in the explosion of coal dust).
Effect of initial pH value on the removal of reactive black dye from water by electrocoagulation (EC) method
Authors: Hashim Khalid S , Hussein Ameer H , Zubaidi Salah L , Kot Patryk , Kraidi Layth , Alkhaddar Rafid , Shaw Andy , Alwash Reham
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the influence of the initial pH on the removal of reactive black 5 dye (RB5) from water using electrocoagulation (EC) reactor supplied with aluminium electrodes. The influence of the initial pH has been investigated by commencing several sets of continuous flow experiments at five different initial pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) keeping the current density, inter-electrodes distance, and the concentration of RB5 constant at 2 mA/cm2, 4 mm, and 25 mg/L, respectively. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency increased gradually as the initial pH increased from 4 to 6 to reach its maximum level (96%) at the neutral range of pH, then it decreased to 74% as the initial pH increased to 8. This change of the removal efficiency with the initial pH could be attributed to the predominant species of aluminium coagulants, where in alkaline and acidic conditions; the prevailing species have low adsorption capacity for pollutants. While, in the neutral range of pH, the predominant species have high adsorption capacity for pollutants.
Synthesis by anodisation method, characterization by SEM and EDS, and degradable ability of TiO2 nanotubes.
Authors: Al-Abdulaziz Bassam RA , Al-Abdulaziz Masara B A , Al-Abdullah Zainab T , Al-Imarah Faris J M
Published: October 2019

Obtaining of TiO2 nanotubes could be performed by anodized Ti in fluoride based electrolyte. During the growth of TiO2 nanotubes within the influence of anodizing process of Ti, a certain parameters are required, electrolyte composition, voltage, and time. The TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized electrochemically in a fluoride containing electrolyte by anodisation method of a pure titanium plate. The anodisation procedure was carried out in ethylene glycol electrolyte; the applied voltage was 60 volt. The average inner diameter of the nanotube was (67 nm) and the average outer diameter was (80 nm). Characterization of the nanotubes crystal structure, morphology, and oxide composition were performed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis by EDS shows the presence of fluoride, and confirm the formation of TiO2 nanotubes. The results show the possibility of study the distribution of the composition of the tubes elements using the scanning electron microscope-mapping. Synthesized TiO2 nanotubes were applied for the degradation of organic dye methylene blue as water dye pollutant. It is found that rate of degradation of MB in presence of TiO2 nanotubes was greater than in case of degradation without TiO2 nanotubes. It is clear that the main reason for this behavior belongs to the high surface area of TiO2 nanotubes. For (5) ppm of methylene blue, the degradation in presence of TiO2 nanotubes has done completely after (5 hours)
Assessment of Bombax ceiba Leaves Extract and Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus Filtrate on treatment of some Isolated Dermatophytic Fungi
Authors: Mutlag Nihad H , Juda Muthik A , Hussein Marwa L , Hassan Haneen N
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the ecology department, faculty of science, in order to evaluate the effect of Bombax ceiba leaves extract and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi filterate to treat some of dermatophytic fungi. A bout 50 samples of infectious fungi were collected for isolation. The samples that isolated from skin scraps, human nail clippings, and the fingers were diagnosed as Aspergillus fumigantus which was (41.57%) followed by Aspergillus niger of (37.36%) while other isolated fungi represented 22% on (SDA) medium. The results showed that the epidermis is the most infected by the fungus which reached (54%) in compared with the rest of the body, also the results indicated that the percentage of infection of males was more than females which was 64%The results also, showed that the tested samples on SDA medium, were highly sensitive (100%) to the extract of bombax ceiba leaves in compared with the other antimicrobial artificial agents (Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Nystatin, ketoconazole. wheras the inhibition diameters for studied fungi were 2.5 mm,2mm.1mm and 0 mm, respectively, While the inhibitory effect of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus filterate was found to be less than susceptibility from the bombax leaves extract which was 75% of petridish area.
Pseudomonas fluorescence Bio -compatibility with chemical fungicide Carboxin 75 and Raxil 2DS to control corn seedling blight causing by Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme and F. poliferatum
Authors: Merjan Ali F , Abbas Baidaa M , Husseini Ali Y AL
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out for the purpose of detection and compatibility of Pseudomonas fluorescence and fungicides to control Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium poliferatum.The pathogenicity in filter blotter test indicated that the seed decay symptoms were reduce from corn seeds to 52 for the fungus Fusarium graminearum, 55 for Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium poliferatum 4.5 × 106 was the lowest concentration showed inhibition of fungi growth of 77.5, 77.5, 85% sequentially. No toxic effects of chemical pesticides were recorded on the growth of P.f bacteria when mean concentration were used, the results showed a high degree of compatibility of Pseudomonas fluoresces bacteria with half effective concentration of chemical pesticides to suppressing pathogenic fungi, as well as an increase in plant growth parameters.
Effect of organic waste and aggregate sizes in some of soil physical properties, soil salinity and barley growth (Hordium vulgare L.)
Authors: AL-mosawi Kawther A
Published: October 2019

Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of three types of organic waste (chicken, sheep, Cows wastes ) and three different aggregate sizes (<2, <5, <10)mm on some soil physical properties, soil salinity and barley crop growth. The soil texture was clay loam. The soil samples were brought from north of Basrah governorate (Qurna district). The soil samples were dried in the air and then grinded. The soil samples were divided into three parts, one was passed through sieve of 2mm, the second through size of 5mm and the third through size of 10mm.The soils were distributed into plastic pots the amount of the soil was 2kg in each plastic pots the cows, sheep and chicken wastes were mixed with soil. The amount of the waste was 2% of the weight of the soil in each plastic pots the barley crop seeds (Hordium vulgare L.) were planted. The plastic pots were irrigated using tap water to the field capacity. The crop heights ware measured after two months of crop planting. The green and dry weights of the crop were measured after harvesting. The some soil physical properties were also measured namely aggregate stability which expressed as mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate index, bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity. The results showed that the organic wastes significantly affected (improved) MWD, aggregate index, bulk density, total soil porosity, crop height and wet and dry weight of the crop green part. The values of the above parameters are 0.548mm, 0.395, 1.435 Mgm−3, 43.51%, 38.908cm, 14.41 g pots−1 and 2.592g pots−1 respectively compared with control treatment. While the organic wastes did not significantly affect the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil electrical conductivity. The chicken waste gave the highest MWD, aggregate index, total porosity, crop height and the wet and dry weight of the green part of the crop. The percentage of increased are 59.169, 64.890, 15.568, 16.000, 74.140 and 113.671% respectively, whereas the soil bulk density decreased by 9.730% compared with control treatment respectively. The results also showed the soil aggregate sizes significantly affected the aggregate index, soil bulk density, soil total porosity, soil electrical conductivity and crop growth, whereas it did not significantly affect MWD, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. 2mm aggregate surpassed the other aggregates (5 and 10mm) in recording the height values for the above parameters except, soil bulk density and soil electrical conductivity which they decreased with 2mm aggregate.
Studying the effect of some physicochemical properties of the Bahar Al-Najaf soils / IRAQ on the reflection and absorption characteristics of the Landast 8 bands (OLI, TIRS)
Authors: Sulaiman Al-Hamdani Abdulameer , Musa Al-Shimmary Hussain , Kadum Rahman Razzaq
Published: October 2019

The study was conducted on the Bahar Al-Najaf lands - Iraq in 2016 within the coordinates between the (43º 47−11= - 44º 30−15=) E and (31º 39−16= - 32º 08−08=) N with an area about 2000 km2. 25 surface soil samples by a depth of 15cm were taken within study area, their locations are identified using GPS, They crushed and passed through 2mm sieve openings for some physicochemical analysis: soil grain size distribution, Ec, O.M, PH, gypsum and lime to demonstrate their effects on the reflective and absorptive properties of Landsat 8 sensors bands (OLI, TIRS) which captured on 20-07-2016 and downloaded from the USGS. To deduct study area we use ERDAS imagine 2013 choosing False color Composite RGB (753) with Some improvements (radiation, spectral, spatial) have been made. The laboratory analysis showed that the soils textures ranged between (sandy - clayey), (pH: 7.41-8.37), (OM: 0 - 6.5 g kg−1), (Ec: 1.73 - 177 dsm−1), (Gypsum: 2.67 52.83 g kg−1), (Lime: 13.83 - 620 g kg−1). All locations were highly calcareous, while varied in gypsum content. Spectral Indices values are calculated according to their mathematical formulas, namely BSI, GSI, TCW, NDWI. The gypsum content shows a negative relationship with sand particles, pH, lime, spectral indices and all of Landsat 8 bands except for B2, B3 were positive. While lime content shows positive relationship with all bands, indices and sand particles except for B2 band, NDWI index and the rest soil characteristics studied were negative. Calcareous soils and sandy soils have shown a high reflectivity, indicating the high influencing degree of the lime on the spectral bands comparing to the gypsum effect. A positive correlation relationship between brightness (bands reflectance) and Lime but negative with soil humidity and gypsum. As a negative correlation between Lime and gypsum. The values of the brightness indices BSI, GSI were adopted as indicators for the degree of reflectivity, while the values of absorptive indices TCW, NDWI were used to assess the moisture content and spectral bands absorption. The absorption depth (peak) of the short infrared bands SWI1, SWI2 represented by (B6, B7) respectively were greater than the absorption depth of NIR (B5 band).
Effect of partial replacement of barley grain with wheat bran in the ration and some feed additive on growth and some carcass traits of Awassi lambs
Authors: Abdullah M N , Mohammed O D , Abbo N Y , Yousef S I
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted in animal research department at ministry of agriculture, by using 32 Awassi lambs (4-5 months in aged) and average body weight 23.25 ± 0.39 kg. Lambs were allocated into four groups, the first (T1) control fed on ration consist of 88% of ground barley, barley grain in the ration in second group (T2) lowered by 50% and replaced with wheat bran. The lambs in third (T3) and fourth (T4) groups were fed on the same ration of (T2) with addition 10 g/lamb daily of yeast ( Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ) in T3 and 10 g of yeast + 0.25 g Vitamin E-se in T4. The results were indicated that replacement with wheat bran in T2 led to significant (p<0.05) decrease in average daily and total gain 0.193 and 16.88 kg as compared to T1 0.244 and 21.25 kg and the addition yeast was not improve lamb growth 0.191 and 16.62 kg, but the addition of Vit E-se were led to similar gain as in control 0.248 and 21.63 kg with significant (p<0.05) increase as compared to T2 and T4. Highest feed conversion ratio was recorded in T4, while the lowest in T2, hot carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T2 and T3 18.46 and 18.42 kg compared with (T1) 21.60 kg, dressing percentage based on empty body weigh before slaughter was increased significantly (p<0.05) in T1 56.34 as compared other treatments 53.41, 52.48 and 53.68% respectively.
Effect of growth regulator in micropropagation of Catharanthus roses in vitro
Authors: Abdulhadi Mohamed Hussain Al-Mukhtar Sarab , Abd Ali Moslim
Published: October 2019

The experiment was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture and landscape department – College of Agriculture University of Kerbela during 2017-2018 to investigate the effect of growth regulators in the micropropagation of the Catharanthus roseus iv vitro. The culture of the branches of the Catharanthus roseus plants were obtained by cultivating the shoot tips of the branches of 1 cm length obtained from the developing plants growing in the field. After sterilization and culturing on MS medium supplied with different concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3) of BA and Kin in separate experiment with steady concentration of 0.5 mg / l of IAA. The results showed a difference in the rate of studied characters according to the type and concentration of cytokines used. The BA in the concentration of 3 mg / L results were significantly higher in the studied traits, including the number and length of the vegetative branches and the soft and dry weight of the vegetative system, it achieved a rate of (21.66 branch / plantlet, 7.00 cm, 1.40 g, 0.71 g) respectively, while the Kin at the same concentration achieved the highest rate of studied traits of (15.66 branch / plantlet, 5.66 cm, 0.93 g, 0.40 g) respectively. The results of the study also showed a difference in the rate of studied traits, which included the number and length of roots and the soft and dry weight of the root total, depending on the type and concentration of auxien used. The IBA result was superior at 1.5 mg / L and with a constant concentration of 0.5 mg / l BA in achieving the highest rate of (36.33 root / shoot, 6.43 cm, 0.35 g, 0.23 g) respectively, while the NAA at the same concentration achieved the highest rate of studied traits (22.00 root / plant fraction, 2.53 cm, 0.21 g, 0.12 g), respectively, and the percentage of success of acclimation plants was 90%.
Water Security Policies in Iraq (Strategic Perspective)
Authors: Aminaadbul-ilahhamdoon
Published: October 2019

Water security is a central environmental issue at the global level for economical, political and health consequences in the economies of developing countries. The concept of virtual water is a new tool in water resources management. Water crises are a global problem of long-term economic repercussions and an unbalanced conflict between the supply and demand sides in needing water, which leads to imbalance in the water balance structure and consequently in water policies. And it is particularly important for effective water governance(water management, and its governance) through water politicization, the use virtual water and dealing with water as an economic commodity rather than a free one. The analysts and economic researchers are calling for the era of water in the third millennium instead of the era of oil that characterized at previous years. The research concluded that, in economic terms, water is expected to become a commodity sold and bought as any economic commodity. Water security should be studied from the point of view that relates the problem of water through three dimensions. The first one is related to climate variables and the second to the mismanagement and planning of water resources and the last dimension is the regional because the water sources originate from outside the Iraqi borders. Finally, the research recommends the necessity to move away from linking water with political positions and politics because politics is a rapidly changing world. As the countries of the upstream from the strategic perspective to apply the concept of political economic works to trade bartered oil for water and internationalization of the issue to take a regional dimension and internationally revealing the seriousness of the water situation in Iraq.
Study the life aspects of Eriasinsulana Boisd on some of the marshmallow family crops
Authors: Kadhum Mubasher Merri , Karem Malik H. , Jabbar Ahmed Sh.
Published: October 2019

Based on the importance of cotton crops Gossypium spp., Abelmoschus esculentus and Hibiscus sabdrriffa in Iraq, and because of damage caused by Eriasinsulana boisd cotton worm for these crops, Life data that helps to explain the persistence of this insect as a pest threatening the marshmallow family crops was studied and the main points for the development of effective control programs against it.The results of the laboratory study showed that all the life aspects of the insect were affected during the breeding of different plant families (cotton, okra, hibiscus). The shorter duration of larvae development was 16.27 days and the mean weight was 0.28 g when it was raised on the hibiscus plant and its length was 22.35 days and the highest rate was 0.35 g (18.42 days) and the average weight (0.32 g) on the okra. The highest survival rate was 57% for cotton, while the lowest for the hibiscus plant was 42%. The study showed that the host had an effect on the average period of development of pupa and adult females, with the highest rate of 12.35 and 55.17 days on cotton and the lowest rate of 10.75 and 31.37 days on the hibiscus, respectively. 0.31 and 0.27 g respectively on cotton, while 0.27 and 0.21 g respectively fell on the hibiscus. In terms of the average pre-laying period, the highest rate was 6.24 days on the hibiscus plant, corresponding to 3.89 days on cotton and 5.21 days on the okra, The longest period of laying the eggs was 42.12 days on the cotton, while at least 17.93 days on the hibiscus. The adult insect had the largest number of eggs fed on cotton (75.16 eggs / female) while the lowest number when feeding on the hibiscus (43.3) eggs / female. The results of the study showed that the highest rate of post-ovulation period for the female insect was 3.25 days on the hibiscus and decreased to the lowest rate (2.00 days) on the cotton.It is concluded that the growth and development of the insect was optimal for feeding on cotton.
Study Of Some Morphological Feautures Of Calcarious-Gypsiferous Soils And Its Management
Authors: Al-Naser Y H
Published: October 2019

The study was conducted to demonstrate some morphological features of gypsiferous soils and the possibility of managing these soils to improve their productivity. The soil samples were taken from three pedons (p1,p2,p3) for physical and chemical analysis. A plot experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design planted with barley seeds and three levels of npk. Results showed a sharp decline of organic matter, calcium carbonate and highest gypsum value with depth. Also results showed higher value for hue and value in p3 comparing with p1 and p2. The structure of soil surface was subangular blocky in p1 and p2, while it was structureless in p3. The boundaries at p1 and p2 were clear and wavy or irregular, but defuse and irregular at p3. The index accumulation values of clay (ci) showed pedogenic migration of clay from the surface horizons to the subsurface horizons. All soil pedons were classifieds according to soil survey staff (2006, 2015) to a series level: (fine silty clay, mixed, thermic typic calcigypsids). Results of the field experiment showed superiority of adding mineral fertilization in (plant height, spike longth, number of seeds per spike and seed weigh) compared to control treatment.
Effect of gibberellin GA3, boron and zinc foliar application on the growth and production of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.
Authors: Kadhim Maseer Al-Karaawi Ayyed
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted in the fields of the center of planting and Development of the roselle in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate during the summer season 2015-2016 to study of the effect gibberellin acid (GA3), boron and zinc in the Growth and production of roselle plant. GA3 applied as perlex tablets form (1g) at a At a concentration of 2 g.L-1. Zinc was applied in zinc sulphate form ZNSO4.7H2O at a Concentration of 1 g. L-1(ZN 22.6%). Nutrients were applied at a 4-6 leaf growth Stage and applied once again after a month of the first application time. (RCBD) Randomize complete Block Design were used with three applicates. Means were Compared according to the test of the least significant difference of LSD at (5%). The Results of the study showed a significant superiority of the treatment of the triangular overlap between the acid of gibberellin, Boron and Zinc in each of plant Height (146 cm), the number of branches (25 branches, plant -1), the number of Leaves (657 leaf) and the leaf area (3.7 m 2). The total chlorophyll (Spad 45) and the Dry weight of the vegetative group (523.52g, plant-1), the number of walnuts (155.67 Walnut), the leaves of the dark leaves (44.17 g), and leaves thick (2.61 mm h-1) The Comparison treatment resulted 123.23 cm height, 15.67 branches, 6.67 leaf, 2.06 m2, 38.8 Spad, 470.80 g, 127.47 nut, 2.147 mm and 827.2 kg, respectively.