bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El discurso periodístico de la participación de las mujeres en el Movimiento de los 43 = The journalistic discourse of women’s participation in the Movement of the 43
Authors: Tello Divicino Aleida Leticia , Morales Jiménez Monica Violeta , Quinterio Romero Dulce María
Published: June 2018

ResumenEl 26 de septiembre de 2014, policías municipales desaparecieron a 43 estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Rural de Ayotzinapa en Iguala, Guerrero, México. Las madres de los desaparecidos fueron las primeras y principales participantes del movimiento social nombrado por los medios de comunicación como el Movimiento de los 43. Sin embargo, en el discurso de la prensa fueron invisibilizadas o relegadas a los roles tradiciones establecidos por el sistema patriarcal, de acuerdo con los resultados de un Análisis Crítico del Discurso realizado a tres diarios de circulación local y estatal del estado de Guerrero, que nos permite documentar que la práctica periodística sin perspectiva de género violenta los derechos humanos de las mujeres.AbstractOn September 26, 2014, municipal police were involved in the disappearance of 43 students from the Normal Rural School of Ayotzinapa in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. The mothers of the missing students were the first and main participants in the social movement labeled by the media as the Movement of the 43. Nevertheless, in the press discourse they were made invisible or relegated to traditionally established patriarchal roles, in accordance to the results of a Critical Discourse Analysis made of three local and state newspapers in circulation in the state of Guerrero, which allows us to document that journalistic practice without the perspective of gender violates the human rights of women.
Segregación laboral, el caso de las Ingenieras Mecánicas Electricistas = Labor segregation: the case of female Electrical Mechanical Engineers
Authors: Martínez Méndez Karla Irene
Published: June 2018

Resumen La presencia de la mujer en el ámbito laboral es mayor cada día, sin embargo, los roles y estereotipos de género que prevalecen en nuestra sociedad dificultan su desarrollo profesional, por ejemplo, en la ingeniería, profesión considerada masculina. El presente estudio es de corte cualitativo. Las participantes clave son Ingenieras Mecánicas Electricistas (IMEs) egresadas de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP). Los resultados muestran que las participantes son asignadas en espacios como la oficina mientras que sus compañeros varones se desenvuelven fuera de la oficina implementando los proyectos. Existe además una diferenciación en las tareas y actividades que realizan. Estas diferencias muestran los diversos retos a los que se enfrentan las mujeres al elegir profesiones consideradas como masculinas.AbstractThe presence of women in a workplace is larger every day; however, gender roles and stereotypes that prevail in our society hinder their professional development, for example in engineering, a profession considered masculine. The present study is qualitative. The key participants are female Electrical Mechanical Engineers (EMEs) graduated from the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP). The results show that the participants are assigned in spaces such as offices whereas their masculine colleagues move out of the office to implement the projects. There is also a differentiation in the tasks and activities they perform. The differences show the various challenges women face when choosing professions considered masculine.
Existing problems and measures in safety management of chemical engineering
Authors: Liu Yuepeng , Zhang Zhigang , Yang Quan , Zhang Qiang , Liu Zhen’an
Published: June 2018

For a country, the industry is a very important system, the embodiment of the country's comprehensive national strength, the country's economic development level and the development of science and technology level has direct impact on industry. The development of chemical industry also has great impetus to the national economic development. The technical requirements for chemical engineering are particularly high. Because of the danger of the chemical itself, safety becomes the first thing to notice in the construction process. In order to prevent the occurrence of danger in the actual construction process, the safety of chemical engineering construction is made, and the effective safety management is the most critical step. A reliable safety management is the guarantee for the smooth construction of the construction, so the early safety management becomes the key to the development of the chemical industry. Chemical engineering is an extremely complex and changeable system, and the kinds of problems involved are very many, which requires the construction personnel to pay more attention to ensure the safety. In order to implement the safety management measures in the process of chemical engineering construction, it is necessary for the management personnel to strictly control the whole construction process. In case of any problem, we should deal with it in a timely manner and pay more attention to the details. We should pay attention to fire prevention, pollution prevention and anti-explosion prevention. Technical personnel should pay more attention to technical problems and eliminate safety hazards. The construction company must also strengthen the personal quality of the project management personnel and other issues. It is necessary to examine personal responsibility and safety awareness and avoid unnecessary losses caused by various construction safety issues to the company[1].
Psicoeducative Group of Country: project Extension
Authors: Hannum Juliana Santos de Souza , Do Carmo Cristiane Souza , Ávila Raissa Ferreira , De Sousa Ivoni Félix , Miranda Fábio Jesus
Published: June 2018

Down syndrome has been much discussed today, but little research has turned to supporting families. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate an action developed in Alfadown project, a psychoeducational group for guidance of parents of children, youth and adults with Down syndrome, of the PUC Goiás. We used a quantitative and qualitative research to understanding the problem studied. Using a semi-structured interview as instrument. The results show that mothers who chose the project believe that the exchange of experiences is significant and that the group also provides new friends, socialization of children, most interested in computer and after participating in the group have become confident, contributing to the development, autonomy and thus favoring the better behavior of children.Grupo Psicoeducativo de Pais: Projeto ExtensãoA Síndrome de Down na atualidade tem sido bastante discutida, porém poucas pesquisas têm se voltado para apoiar as famílias. Diante disso, este trabalho pretendeu avaliar uma ação desenvolvida no grupo psicoeducativo para pais de pessoas com síndrome down, participantes do projeto de extensão da PUC Goiás. Para tanto, o presente estudo foi de caráter quanti-qualitativo, o qual foi utilizado uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados demostram que as mães ao optarem pelo projeto, entendem que a troca de experiências é significativa e que o grupo proporciona também novas amizades, socialização dos filhos, maior interesse em informática e que após participarem do grupo se tornaram empodeiradas, ou seja com maior confiança na criação dos filhos, favorecendo seu desenvolvimento pessoal, grupal e social.
Considerations about Adolescence from Freudian-Lacanian Psychoanalysis
Authors: Ferreira Geovana Da Silva , Ravasio Marcele Homrich
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on adolescence as a central theme as a complex psychic moment, considering the importance of the psychic operations of that time as determinants of the position of the subject in relation to the social and his desire. We work the theme based on a bibliographical research, based on the psychoanalytical theory, with the objective of deepening the knowledge about the adolescent subject and the clinical listening of adolescence. The article makes a theoretical course, first approaching some aspects of the emergence of the concept of adolescence in our culture, and later develops the questions that unfold on adolescence, as well as the marks of this psychic process in the subjective constitution of the structural symptom.Considerações sobre a Adolescência a Partir da Psicanálise Freudo-LacanianaO presente artigo aborda como tema central a adolescência como um momento psíquico complexo, considerando a importância das operações psíquicas desse tempo como determinantes da posição do sujeito frente ao social e ao seu desejo. Trabalhamos o tema com base numa pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada pela teoria psicanalítica, com o objetivo de aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca do sujeito adolescente e da escuta clínica da adolescência. O artigo faz um percurso teórico abordando primeiramente alguns aspectos do surgimento do conceito da adolescência em nossa cultura, e posteriormente desenvolve as questões que se desdobram nesse tempo, bem como as marcas desse processo psíquico na constituição subjetiva do sintoma estrutural.
Saúde em seus Múltiplos Aspectos: Demandas e Convites
Authors: Reimer Ivoni Richter , Souza Ivone Félix de
Published: June 2018

Apresentação do número especial em SAÚDE
La evaluación ejecutiva y la toma de decisiones de política pública: el caso de la E2+SGR en Colombia
Authors: Ordóñez-Matamoros Gonzalo , Centeno Juan Pablo , Santander Ramírez David , Llanos Congote Orizel , Sierra Daza María Carolina , Remolina Pulido Juan Pablo
Published: June 2018

La gestión de lo público se desarrolla en un entorno de racionalidad limitada en los términos de Simon, aquella caracterizada por el hecho irrefutable de que el tiempo, los recursos, la información y los conocimientos disponibles son siempre limitados cuando se toman decisiones sobre política pública. En ese contexto, la evaluación ejecutiva o “rápida” se presenta como una forma eficiente de apoyar dicho proceso de toma-de-decisiones-en-lamarcha de manera ilustrada; particularmente cuando el propósito es dar cuenta de los resultados alcanzados y proveer información útil para mejorar el desempeño del programa o política en “tiempo real”. En ese sentido, la evaluación ejecutiva propuesta en el presente artículo se presenta como una metodología que apela al conocimiento con que gozan actores relevantes en el terreno, y al uso de instrumentos simples, adaptativos y relevantes en funciónde las necesidades de información con la que los tomadores de decisión pueden hacerse una idea certera sobre el desempeño de la política o el programa en cuestión.
Las corrientes ortodoxa y heterodoxa del desarrollo: algunas nociones conceptuales
Authors: Zapata Callejas John Sebastián , Chávez Pinzón Manuel Camilo
Published: June 2018

Debido a las incógnitas que suscitan ciertos debates e interpretaciones alrededor de la teoría del desarrollo, el presente escrito tiene como fin hacer una reconstrucción conceptual de sus dos macrointerpretaciones, la versión de la ortodoxia del desarrollo y el discurso de la heterodoxia del desarrollo. En este orden de ideas, el escrito se divide en tres partes. Primero, se hace una breve introducción sobre la noción de desarrollo; segundo, se expone un esbozo teórico de las características de la interpretación de la ortodoxia; tercero, se muestra la teoría de la heterodoxia del desarrollo. Finalmente, se hace un análisis más allá del desarrollo económico.
A Management Guru from the East
Authors: El Namaki M S S
Published: June 2018

Management as a science is the prerogative of North America. Authors, concepts, publishers, journals, institutions, individuals and events are either bona fide North American or tinted with a strong North American tint. The few brave non North American souls who have ventured into this domain whether from Britain, Germany or Japan, were quickly re-minted in order to look and behave North American. They were ushered into the sacred arena of North American management and admitted to the exclusive cult. Creative management thinking, novel management concept formulation and imaginative management implementation that were taking place elsewhere, were either ignored or relegated to the dark corners of the domain. The following article is an attempt at exploring work done by a non-North American management innovator who developed, in the course of a dynamic political career, novel conceptual and operational management frameworks: Dr Mahathir Mohamed, the former , and current, prime minister of Malaysia. Analysis follows Dr Mahathir‟s record and addresses four specific conceptual innovations: the concept of “country-wide vision”, the Mahathir crisis management doctrine, the concept of indigenous enterprise and last but not least, managing oneself The article relies largely on a myriad of records and work done on Prime Minister Mahathir‟s initiatives and decisions. Those are placed within the broad spectrum of management as a science and profession.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Arrests for Drug Possession After California Proposition 47, 2011–2016
Authors: Mooney Alyssa C. , Giannella Eric , Glymour M. Maria , Neilands Torsten B. , Morris Meghan D. , Tulsky Jacqueline , Sudhinaraset May
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To evaluate the effects of California Proposition 47, which reclassified felony drug offenses to misdemeanors in 2014, on racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests.

Methods. Using data on all drug arrests made in California from 2011 to 2016, we compared racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests between Whites, Blacks, and Latinos, immediately and 1 year after policy changes, controlling for secular and seasonal trends.

Results. In the month following passage, absolute Black–White disparities in monthly felony drug arrests decreased from 81 to 44 per 100 000 and continued to decrease over time. There was an immediate increase of 27% in the relative disparity, however, because a higher proportion of felony offense types among Whites was reclassified. Total drug arrest rates also declined, suggesting drug law enforcement was deprioritized. During the first year after enactment, felony drug arrests fell by an estimated 51 985 among Whites, 15 028 among Blacks, and 50 113 among Latinos.

Conclusions. Reducing criminal penalties for drug possession can reduce racial/ethnic disparities in criminal justice exposure and has implications for improving health inequalities linked to social determinants of health.
Childhood Experiences of Sexual Violence, Pregnancy, and Marriage Associated With Child Sex Trafficking Among Female Sex Workers in Two US–Mexico Border Cities
Authors: Boyce Sabrina C. , Brouwer Kimberly C. , Triplett Daniel , Servin Argentina E. , Magis-Rodriguez Carlos , Silverman Jay G.
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To quantitatively assess the relationships of childhood experiences of marriage, pregnancy, and sexual violence with underage sex trafficking.

Methods. Cross-sectional survey data from a population-based sample of 603 female sex workers from Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, were collected in 2013 and 2014, and we analyzed the data to evaluate relationships between pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence when younger than 16 years, and child sex trafficking.

Results. Adjusted odds of child sex trafficking among those who experienced pregnancy, marriage, and childhood sexual violence when younger than 16 years in combined models were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 4.3), 1.7 (95% CI = 0.99, 2.8), and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.01, 3.0), respectively, relative to others (n = 603). For 89.8%, 78.0%, and 97.0% of those who had an experience of pregnancy (n = 69), marriage (n = 50), or sexual violence (n = 33) when younger than 16 years, respectively, the experience occurred before or the same year as sex trafficking.

Conclusions. These results provide empirical evidence of modifiable risk factors for child sex trafficking that could be integrated into the prevention efforts and protocols of health clinics and governmental agencies in Mexico currently working to reduce underage pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence.
Cigar and Marijuana Blunt Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in the United States, 2006–2016
Authors: Coleman-Cowger Victoria H. , Pickworth Wallace B. , Lordo Robert A. , Peters Erica N.
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To assess trends in prevalence of cigar and blunt use in relation to cigarette use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age.

Methods. We used 2006 to 2016 data from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health to assess past-month use of cigarettes, cigars, and blunts among a total of 8695 pregnant women and 162 451 nonpregnant women aged 18 to 44 years.

Results. Cigarette use was more prevalent than cigar or blunt use in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with higher prevalence in nonpregnant women for each product. Among all women, cigarette use decreased and blunt use increased over time, whereas cigar use remained stable. Smoking prevalence was highest in the first trimester.

Conclusions. The health implications of the increase in blunt use are not well known in the scientific literature or by the general public. Given the rapid changes in state marijuana laws, this issue should be a public health priority.
Disparities in Smoking Cessation Assistance in US Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Bailey Steffani R. , Heintzman John , Jacob R. Lorie , Puro Jon , Marino Miguel
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To examine associations between patient factors and smoking cessation assistance in US safety-net clinics.

Methods. Using electronic health record data from the OCHIN network, we identified adults with at least 1 primary care visit to a study clinic (n = 143 clinics in 12 states) with at least 1 documented “current smoker” status during 2014 to 2016 (n = 136 314; 29.8%). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of smoking cessation assistance receipt (none [reference], counseling, medication, or both) by patient covariates.

Results. For all cessation assistance categories, odds of assistance were higher among women, those with more visits, those assessed and ready to quit, and patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hyperlipidemia. Odds of receiving both counseling and medication were lower among uninsured patients (OR = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48, 0.64), those of a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White (OR range = 0.65–0.82), and those with diabetes (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.79, 0.92), and higher among older patients and those with a comorbidity, with few exceptions.

Conclusions. Disparities in smoking cessation assistance receipt exist in safety-net settings, in particular by health insurance coverage and across race/ethnicity, even after control for other socioeconomic and demographic factors.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Intention Among Adult Inmates in Kansas, 2016–2017
Authors: Allison Molly , Musser Brynne , Satterwhite Catherine , Ault Kevin , Kelly Patricia , Ramaswamy Megha
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To assess human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake among adult inmates in Kansas jails.

Methods. We administered a survey with questions adapted from the US National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey to 571 adult inmates in 3 Kansas jails from October 10 to 12, 2016, and January 25 to 27, 2017, to assess HPV knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake.

Results. Although most adults across demographic groups recognized HPV as causing cervical cancer, knowledge was lower about other HPV-related cancers. Vaccine awareness was higher for women (70%) than men (41%). Only 8% of age-eligible men reported ever receiving the vaccine. Most adults across demographic groups reported “definitely” wanting to get the vaccine if offered in jail at no cost.

Conclusions. Low uptake of HPV vaccine and high interest in receiving the vaccine in jails may indicate that vaccination availability for jail populations needs to be reexamined.

Public Health Implications. Expanding HPV vaccine programs or partnerships to facilitate vaccine provision in jails could increase inmates’ knowledge of and intention to receive vital health services.
Compliance in 2017 With Federal Calorie Labeling in 90 Chain Restaurants and 10 Retail Food Outlets Prior to Required Implementation
Authors: Cleveland Lauren P. , Simon Denise , Block Jason P.
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To examine early compliance with the delayed federal calorie labeling regulation that requires posting calories on menus and menu boards at retail food chains with 20 or more establishments nationally.

Methods. We explored implementation of calorie labeling at 90 of the largest US chain restaurants and the 10 highest-grossing supermarket chains from May to December 2017. We contacted corporate offices and at least 2 locations for each chain, made site visits when possible, and supplemented these efforts with targeted Internet searches.

Results. Overall, 71 (79%) restaurant chains partially or fully implemented labeling, as did 9 (90%) supermarket chains. Fast-food and fast-casual restaurants fully implemented labeling at a modestly higher rate than did full-service restaurants.

Conclusions. Most of the retail food chains we assessed implemented calorie labeling policies in advance of the May 2018 compliance date.

Public Health Implications. Although implementation of federal calorie labeling has been delayed repeatedly in the 8 years since the passage of the legislation, retail food chains have demonstrated a high rate of compliance with calorie labeling in advance of the required May 2018 implementation date. Despite reports from some retail food industries that compliance will be difficult, current implementation shows the feasibility of complying.
A Step Change for Single-Well Chemical-Tracer Tests: Field Pilot Testing of New Sets of Novel Tracers
Authors: AlAbbad Mohammed A. , Sanni Modiu L. , Kokal Sunil , Krivokapic Alexander , Dye Christian , Dugstad Øyvind , Hartvig Sven K. , Huseby Olaf K.
Published: June 2018

The single-well chemical-tracer test (SWCTT) is an in-situ test to measure oil saturation, and has been used extensively to assess the potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or to qualify particular EOR chemicals and methods. An SWCTT requires that a primary tracer be injected and that a secondary tracer be generated from the primary tracer in situ. Typically, a few hundred liters of ester is injected as primary tracer, and the secondary tracer is formed through hydrolysis in the formations. The ester is an oil/water-partitioning tracer, whereas the in-situ-generated alcohol is a water tracer. During production, these tracers separate and the time lag of the ester vs. the alcohol is used to estimate oil saturation in the near-well region.

In this paper, we report a field test of a class of new reacting tracers for SWCTTs. In the test, approximately 100 cm3 of each of the new tracers was injected and used to assess oil saturation. In the test, ethyl acetate (EtAc) was used as a benchmark to verify the new tracers. This paper reviews the design and implementation of the test, highlights operational issues, provides a summary of the analyzed tracer curves, and gives a summary of the interpretation methodology used to find oil saturations from the tracer curves. Briefly summarized, we find the Sor measured by each of the novel tracers to compare with that from a conventional SWCTT. To validate stability and detectability of the tracers, a mass-balance assessment for the new tracers is compared with that of the conventional tracers.

A benefit of the new tracers is the small amount needed. Methodological advantages resulting from using small amounts include the possibility to inject a mix of several tracers. Using several tracers with different partitioning coefficients enables probing of different depths of the reservoir. In addition, the robustness of SWCTTs can be increased by using several tracers, with different reaction rates and temperature sensitivity. The field trial also demonstrated that the new tracers have operational advantages. One benefit is the possibility to inject the new tracers as a short pulse of 10 minutes. Other benefits are that the small amounts needed reduce operational hazards and ease logistical handling.
Nitrogen Dynamics in Living Mulch and Annual Cover Crop Corn Production Systems
Authors: Andrews J. S. , Sanders Z. P. , Cabrera M. L. , Saha U. K. , Hill N. S.
Published: June 2018

White clover (living mulch), crimson clover, and rye cover crops were used for corn production.

Plant‐available N was determined for each cover crop system to estimate N release.

Soil N forms and the timing of N availability varied among the cover crops.

Internal N use was similar but partial factor productivity and partial nutrient balance was greatest in the living mulch cover crop.

Successful living mulch (LM) systems may be capable of meeting the N requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) despite competition during corn development. This study compared corn N dynamics in a perennial white clover (Trifolium pratense L.) LM system and annual cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (CR) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) (CC) systems. Corn in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems received 56, 168, and 280 kg N ha−1, respectively. The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha−1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Water uptake by the LM reduced soil water content, soil N availability, N uptake, and plant‐available N (PAN) compared with the CC and CR cover crop systems. Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha−1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency was not different among systems, but fertilizer N partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivity was greatest for LM and least for CR. Overall, the LM system had lower soil N availability, grain yield, and PAN, but it supplied a significant amount of legume N to corn and minimized the need for mineral N. We concluded that success of the LM system is dependent on N mineralization of the white clover residue and that yearly weather variation significantly affects mineralization of cover crop residues and PAN.
A Novel Phosphogypsum Application Recommendation Method under Continuous No‐Till Management in Brazil
Authors: Caires Eduardo F. , Guimarães Alaine M.
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas

Phosphogypsum application increases grain yield, particularly in acidic subsoils.

Phosphogypsum rates can be based on Ca2+ saturation in the ECEC of the subsoil.

We show a new method for phosphogypsum recommendation based on M5‐Rules.

Phosphogypsum (PG) is used in tropical and subtropical agriculture when subsoil acidity is an important yield‐limiting factor. However, the conditions that increase crop yield under PG application in continuous no‐till systems remain unclear. In addition, the methods used in Brazil to estimate the PG requirements are sometimes imprecise. Thus, to develop an accurate method for establishing PG recommendation, a dataset from experiments performed in southern Brazil and selected published papers involving PG application on various Oxisols under continuous no‐till was analyzed by computational techniques of data mining using the M5‐Rules algorithm to create regression models. Experimental areas consisted of annual crops managed under a long‐term (≥10 yr) no‐till system. These included maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum distichum L.). Results allowed the proposal of a new method for establishing the PG requirement to increase Ca2+ saturation to 60% in the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at the 20‐ to 40‐cm soil layer when this is lower than 54% using the following equation: PG (Mg ha−1) = (0.6 × ECEC – exchangeable Ca2+ content in cmolc dm−3) × 6.4. The PG rates indicated by this method agreed with those leading to the maximum economic yields obtained in most studies conducted on continuous no‐till soils in Brazil. The proposed method might be efficiently used when subsoil acidity is an important growth‐limiting factor.
Impact of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Manure Application on Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements to Plants, Soil, and Runoff
Authors: Torbert H. Allen , Watts Dexter B. , Chaney Rufus L.
Published: June 2018

There are concerns regarding the fate of nutrients from surface application of animal manure. One approach to reduce losses of P is to treat manure with industrial byproducts such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. However, concerns regarding potentially toxic elements contributed to the environment have arisen based on previous element‐rich forms of FGD gypsum that included fly ash, whereas “new” FGD gypsum without fly ash is much lower in contaminants. This study examined the impact of FGD gypsum application on soil, plants, and runoff when applied alone or with poultry litter (PL) to soil. The study consisted of a plant response study (four rates of FGD gypsum of 0, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.9 Mg ha−1 and four rates of PL of 0, 4.4, 8.9, and 13.4 Mg ha−1) and a rainfall simulation study (3.4 Mg PL ha−1 with four rates of FGD gypsum of 0, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.9 Mg ha−1 and controls). Plant, soil, and runoff samples were analyzed for As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn. Results indicated that FGD gypsum application would not result in increased potentially toxic elements in plants, soil, or runoff. In addition, the application of FGD gypsum significantly reduced P, As, and Fe concentrations in runoff, indicating that FGD gypsum can reduce the negative impact of manure surface application on surface water degradation.

Core Ideas

We examined toxic element contamination from flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG).

FGDG application did not increase toxic element concentrations in plants, soil, or runoff.

Application of FGD gypsum significantly reduced P, As, and Fe concentrations in runoff.

FGDG can reduce negative impacts of manure application on surface water degradation.
Constrained AMMI Model: Application to Polish Winter Wheat Post‐Registration Data
Authors: Paderewski Jakub , Rodrigues Paulo C.
Published: June 2018

Constrained principal component analysis (C‐PCA) describes a two‐dimensional data table and assumes a linear dependence of the principal component scores on known additional parameters (i.e., explanatory matrices). In this study, we used C‐PCA to generalize the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and propose the constrained AMMI model. The constrained AMMI model is interpreted and illustrated when (i) only the environmental principal component parameters have an explanatory data matrix, (ii) only the genotype principal component parameters have an explanatory data matrix, and (iii) both types of parameters have explanatory data matrices. The cross‐validation procedure is adapted for model diagnosis. Data for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype × location × management × year grain yield, recorded in Poland from multienvironment trials conducted in the post‐registration variety testing system, were analyzed and used for model comparison.
Impact of Mislabeling on Genomic Selection in Cassava Breeding
Authors: Yabe Shiori , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: June 2018

In plant breeding, humans occasionally make mistakes. Genomic selection is particularly prone to human error because it involves more steps than conventional phenotypic selection. The impact of human mistakes should be determined to evaluate the cost effectiveness of controlling human error in plant breeding. We used simulation to evaluate the impact of mislabeling, where marker scores from one plant are associated with the performance records of another plant in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding. Results showed that, although selection with mislabeling reduced genetic gains, scenarios including six levels of mislabeling (from 5 to 50%) persisted in achieving gain because mislabeling decreased the genetic variance lost from the population. Breeding populations with higher rates of mislabeling experienced lower selection intensity, resulting in higher genetic variance, which partially compensated for the mislabeling. For low mislabeling rates (10% or less), the increased genetic variance observed under mislabeling led to improved accuracy of the prediction model in later selection cycles. Large‐scale mislabeling should therefore be prevented, but the value of preventing small‐scale mislabeling depends on the effort already being invested in preventing the loss of genetic variance during the course of selection. In a program, such as the one we simulated, that makes no effort to avoid loss of genetic variance, small‐scale mislabeling has a less negative effect than expected. We assume that negative effects would be greater if best practices to avoid genetic variance loss were already implemented.
Effects of climate variability and insurance adoption on crop production in select provinces of South Africa
Authors: Elum Zelda Anne , Nhamo Godwell , Antwi Michael Akwasi
Published: June 2018

Increasing climate variability increases the risks in production and prices of agricultural products. Inarguably, Africa's susceptibility to climate change is high because it hosts the majority of the world's poor who cannot afford the costs of coping mechanisms. Agricultural insurance is being largely put forward as a coping measure of adapting to climate change to sustain farm production and farmers' livelihood. The study critically reviewed numerous publications on climate change impacts and the role of insurance in the adaptation process. It examined the effects of varying weather conditions and insurance on net crop revenue using the instrumental variable regression approach on a Ricardian model. The study further identified factors influencing the purchase of insurance among the farmers with a probit model. The study data were collected from a cross section of farmers in three selected provinces of South Africa. Results of data analysis indicated that owning insurance, number of labourers employed, size of irrigated farmland and rainfall have significant effects on net revenue. It was also revealed that experience, indicated by years of farming and revenue, influenced farmers' adoption of insurance. Consequently, the paper advocates for the provision of efficient irrigation facilities and promotion of insurance among farmers.
Determinação espectrofotométrica de glifosato em cabelo humano utilizando complexação com Ca2+
Authors: Santos Ludmila Jordão , Mello Pamela De Oliveira , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Muitas substâncias químicas, tais como os agroquímicos, geram efeitos tóxicos no homem. Um bom exemplo é a N-[(fosfonometil) glicina], comercialmente conhecida como glifosato e muito utilizada em regiões agrícolas. Em todos os casos, após exposição, estes compostos atingem a corrente sanguínea e são incorporados ao fio de cabelo, podendo ser identificados e quantificados. Assim, como o cabelo humano é considerado um dosímetro biológico, este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar os processos de lavagem e digestão de amostras de cabelo para posterior quantificação de glifosato utilizando a espectrofotometria. Os experimentos mostraram que a determinação espectrofotométrica da molécula complexada pode ser utilizada para quantificar glifosato na matriz capilar. As curvas analíticas apresentaram um r2 maior que 0,9900 e os testes de recuperação situaram-se entre 90 e 110%, indicando que as metodologias desenvolvidas podem ser aplicadas com sucesso. Ótimos resultados foram obtidos partindo-se da reação do glifosato com o dissulfeto de carbono a 1%. Nessa reação, o grupo amino do glifosato foi convertido em ácido ditiocarbâmico que, após quelado com o íon Ca2+, teve a absorbância medida em um espectrofotômetro a 435 nm.
Estudo da microestrutura da resína acrílica
Authors: Rezende Adan Scaramelo de , Pereira Aloano Régio de Almeida , Motta Iago Azevedo , Silva Isabelle Souza e , Mendes Wallace Pará , Cabral Ricardo De Freitas
Published: June 2018

As resinas plásticas são compostos químicos orgânicos de moléculas em forma de grades, ou tipo “tiras”, de grandes pesos moleculares denominados polímeros. Os polímeros por sua vez são resultantes da “união” química de vários elementos moleculares, os mais simples, chamados monômeros. O encontro dos monômeros se dá por reações químicas denominadas polimerização. Conforme ele nos diz, as características físicas ou químicas de cada tipo de resina variam de acordo com o tipo ou tipos de monômeros que lhe deram origem. Cada plástico reúne uma combinação de propriedades que o tornam mais adequado que qualquer outro plástico a um determinado fim.  Podem-se ter vários tipos de classificações para os polímeros, como por exemplo: Polímeros termoplásticos; Polímeros termorrígidos, termofixos ou termoendurecível; Elastômeros (borrachas). Este trabalho analisa amostras e busca caracterizá-las de acordo com o seu tipo. Este material foi detalhado por ensaio de Tração, a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Dureza Shore D, análise calorimétrica exploratória diferencial (DSC), e a termogravimétrica (TGA). As análises permitem levar a conclusão do tipo de material e os ensaios praticados, tanto na análise microestrutural, quanto na análise de dureza com um valor médio na escala shore D de 50,22 HS, evidenciam as características do material estudado como sendo resina acrílica.
Reflexões sobre a logística verde na redução dos impactos ambientais
Authors: Alvarenga Tiago Henrique De Paula , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel Taboada
Published: June 2018

O tema logística verde tem se tornado um “hot topic” na atualidade devido as crescentes demandas por cuidados ambientais nas atividades produtivas. Isso se dá, em grande parte, pelo fato de a maioria dos produtos consumidos em regiões mais desenvolvidas terem seus materiais de recurso na maioria dos casos fornecidos por regiões distantes. Portanto, as atividades logísticas têm recebido muita atenção no que concerne às exigências ambientais. As atividades logísticas são fontes significativas de poluição ambiental e emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo teórico sobre a Logística Verde, elencando a evolução temporal da logística até ao enfoque ambiental de suas atividades. Na revisão bibliográfica focou-se também em identificar os conceitos essenciais sobre a Logística Verde e as suas atividades que podem ser utilizadas como indicadores. Os resultados demonstraram que a logística passou por uma evolução gradativa, sendo que a Logística Verde está recebendo a atenção de grandes empresas (IKEA e XEROX) na atualidade e que as atividades de logística verde podem ser utilizadas como indicadores para mensurar a diminuição dos impactos ambientais.
A mini review of haloalkane dehalogenase: From molecular characterization to applications
Authors: Hasan Khomaini
Published: June 2018

Haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs) are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze a removal of halogenated species in many toxic halogenated compounds. These enzymes belong to hydrolase family that mostly adopt a typically a/b hydrolase structure. They have many potential applications, such as industrial biocatalysis, pharmaceutics, biosensors, or detoxification of chemical weapons. In this review, structure, mechanism and applications of these enzymes will be discussed.
The Ready to Reduce Risk (3R) Study for a Group Educational Intervention With Telephone and Text Messaging Support to Improve Medication Adherence for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Byrne Jo L , Dallosso Helen M , Rogers Stephen , Gray Laura J , Waheed Ghazala , Patel Prashanth , Gupta Pankaj , Doherty Yvonne , Davies Melanie , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Poor adherence to cardiovascular medications is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Evidence for effective education interventions that address medication adherence for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is lacking. The Ready to Reduce Risk (3R) study aims to investigate whether a complex intervention, involving group education plus telephone and text messaging follow-up support, can improve medication adherence and reduce cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol paper details the design and rationale for the development of the 3R intervention and the study methods used.

METHODS

This is an open and pragmatic randomized controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up. We recruited participants from primary care and randomly assigned them at a 1:1 frequency, stratified by sex and age, to either a control group (usual care from a general practitioner) or an intervention group involving 2 facilitated group education sessions with telephone and text messaging follow-up support, with a theoretical underpinning and using recognized behavioral change techniques. The primary outcome was medication adherence to statins. The primary measure was an objective, novel, urine-based biochemical measure of medication adherence. We also used the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to assess medication adherence. Secondary outcomes were changes in total cholesterol, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, smoking behavior, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, patient activation level, quality of life, health status, health and medication beliefs, and overall cardiovascular disease risk score. We also considered process outcomes relating to acceptability and feasibility of the 3R intervention.

RESULTS

We recruited 212 participants between May 2015 and March 2017. The 12-month follow-up data collection clinics were completed in April 2018, and data analysis will commence once all study data have been collected and verified.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will identify a potentially clinically useful and effective educational intervention for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Medication adherence to statins is being assessed using a novel urine assay as an objective measure, in conjunction with other validated measures.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN16863160; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16863160 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/734PqfdQw)

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/11289
The Effect of Using Geosocial Networking Apps on the HIV Incidence Rate Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Eighteen-Month Prospective Cohort Study in Shenyang, China (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Junjie , Yu Huan , Tang Weiming , Leuba Sequoia I , Zhang Jing , Mao Xiang , Wang Hongyi , Geng Wenqing , Jiang Yongjun , Shang Hong
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Men who have sex with men (MSM) frequently seek partners through mobile apps (geosocial networking [GSN] apps). However, it is unclear whether GSN apps’ use is associated with the increase in HIV incidence among MSM.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of GSN apps’ users and to determine the association and putative mechanisms between GSN apps’ use behavior and HIV incidence.

METHODS

We conducted an 18-month prospective cohort study of MSM in Shenyang, China, and the participants were surveyed every 3 months from March 2015 to December 2016. An in-person interview collected information on sociodemographics, GSN apps’ use, recreational drug use, and sexual behaviors. In addition, blood was drawn to test for HIV and syphilis. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to determine possible predictors for increased HIV incidence.

RESULTS

Of the enrolled 686 HIV-negative MSM, 431 (431/686, 62.8%) were GSN apps’ users. Compared with GSN apps’ nonusers, GSN apps’ users were younger; had an earlier age of sexual debut; and in the past 3 months, were more likely to have used recreational drugs, more likely to have had 5 or more casual partners (CPs), more likely to have had group sex with males, and more likely to have had condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with male steady partners (SPs). In addition, 59.4% (256/431) of the GSN apps’ users were willing to accept HIV and AIDS prevention information push services through GSN apps. In total, 19 MSM seroconverted to HIV during the follow-up period; the HIV incidence density rate was 8.5 (95% CI 5.0-13.5) per 100 person-years (PY) among GSN apps’ users and 2.0 (95% CI 0.4-5.8) per 100 PY among nonusers. New HIV infections were independently associated with ever using GSN apps to seek male sexual partners (P=.04) and in the past 3 months, using recreational drugs (P=.048), having group sex with males (P=.01), and having CAI with male CPs (P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

GSN apps’ use is associated with higher HIV incidence and may be mediated through recreational drug use and having multiple CPs. Researchers must develop an intervention propagated through GSN apps to reach this high-risk population to mitigate the HIV epidemic in the MSM community.
The Effectiveness of a Web-Based Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention Using Fitbit Activity Trackers: Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Vandelanotte Corneel , Duncan Mitch J , Maher Carol A , Schoeppe Stephanie , Rebar Amanda L , Power Deborah A , Short Camille E , Doran Christopher M , Hayman Melanie J , Alley Stephanie J
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Web-based interventions that provide personalized physical activity advice have demonstrated good effectiveness but rely on self-reported measures of physical activity, which are prone to overreporting, potentially reducing the accuracy and effectiveness of the advice provided.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine whether the effectiveness of a Web-based computer-tailored intervention could be improved by integrating Fitbit activity trackers.

METHODS

Participants received the 3-month TaylorActive intervention, which included 8 modules of theory-based, personally tailored physical activity advice and action planning. Participants were randomized to receive the same intervention either with or without Fitbit tracker integration. All intervention materials were delivered on the Web, and there was no face-to-face contact at any time point. Changes in physical activity (Active Australia Survey), sitting time (Workforce Sitting Questionnaire), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed 1 and 3 months post baseline. Advice acceptability, website usability, and module completion were also assessed.

RESULTS

A total of 243 Australian adults participated. Linear mixed model analyses showed a significant increase in total weekly physical activity (adjusted mean increase=163.2; 95% CI 52.0-274.5; P=.004) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (adjusted mean increase=78.6; 95% CI 24.4-131.9; P=.004) in the Fitbit group compared with the non-Fitbit group at the 3-month follow-up. The sitting time and BMI decreased more in the Fitbit group, but no significant group × time interaction effects were found. The physical activity advice acceptability and the website usability were consistently rated higher by participants in the Fitbit group. Non-Fitbit group participants completed 2.9 (SD 2.5) modules, and Fitbit group participants completed 4.4 (SD 3.1) modules.

CONCLUSIONS

Integrating physical activity trackers into a Web-based computer-tailored intervention significantly increased intervention effectiveness.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616001555448; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371793 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73ioTxQX2)