bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Asher Sam , Stephen Ruth , Mäntylä Päivi , Suominen Anna Liisa , Solomon Alina
Published: September 2022

Background

Emerging evidence indicates that poor periodontal health adversely impacts cognition. This review examined the available longitudinal evidence concerning the effect of poor periodontal health on cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods

Comprehensive literature search was conducted on five electronic databases for relevant studies published until April 2022. Longitudinal studies having periodontal health as exposure and cognitive decline and/or dementia as outcomes were considered. Random effects pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals were generated (pooled odds ratio for cognitive decline and hazards ratio for dementia) to assess whether poor periodontal health increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated by I2 and the quality of available evidence was assessed through quality assessment criteria.

Results

Adopted search strategy produced 2132 studies for cognitive decline and 2023 for dementia, from which 47 studies (24 for cognitive decline and 23 for dementia) were included in this review. Poor periodontal health (reflected by having periodontitis, tooth loss, deep periodontal pockets, or alveolar bone loss) was associated with both cognitive decline (OR = 1.23; 1.05–1.44) and dementia (HR = 1.21; 1.07–1.38).

Further analysis, based on measures of periodontal assessment, found tooth loss to independently increase the risk of both cognitive decline (OR = 1.23; 1.09–1.39) and dementia (HR = 1.13; 1.04–1.23). Stratified analysis based on the extent of tooth loss indicated partial tooth loss to be important for cognitive decline (OR = 1.50; 1.02–2.23) and complete tooth loss for dementia (HR = 1.23; 1.05–1.45). However, the overall quality of evidence was low, and associations were at least partly due to reverse causality.

Conclusions

Poor periodontal health and tooth loss appear to increase the risk of both cognitive decline and dementia. However, the available evidence is limited (e.g., highly heterogenous, lacking robust methodology) to draw firm conclusions. Further well‐designed studies involving standardized periodontal and cognitive health assessment and addressing reverse causality are highly warranted.
The impact of the risk of build failure on energy consumption in additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Han , Baumers Martin , Basak Shreeja , He Yinfeng , Ashcroft Ian
Published: September 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is associated with significant promise in the manufacturing sector. However, it has been shown that the risk of build failure has a substantial impact on the costs of AM and that this results from a relatively high level of process instability. Importantly, for such a promising technology, the effects of the risk of build failure on energy consumption have not yet been studied, which creates a significant gap in the knowledge of the real environmental performance of AM. This research addresses this gap by investigating the energy consumption of AM subject to the possibility of build failure. This is done by constructing a novel expected energy consumption model, integrating process energy consumption, the energy embedded in the raw material, and the probability of build failure as a function of the number of layers deposited. Model parameters are obtained from a series of build experiments conducted on the AM technology variant polymeric laser sintering, also known as laser powder bed fusion of polymers. The energy consumption model shows that the risk of build failure accounts for a substantial share of overall expected energy consumption, amounting to up to approximately 31% at full capacity utilization. Additionally, this paper uncovers a complex relationship between the risk of build failure and efficiency gains in per unit energy consumption resulting from increasing levels of capacity utilization (Supporting InformationS1).
Analysis of risk factors for quality management to blepharoplasty based on DEMATEL‐ISM
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Han Pengpeng , Yuan Hui , Tang Yujun , Yang Feng
Published: September 2022

Objective

Blepharoplasty is a typical complex structural system, which involves many factors and the interaction among them. Therefore, it is the basis of controlling the occurrence of medical complications in blepharoplasty to clarify the hierarchical relationship of various risk factors and find out the key risk factors.

Methods

On the basis of identifying the risk factors for quality management of blepharoplasty by means of literature research, questionnaire survey and expert interview, the risk factor model of blepharoplasty quality management were analyzed and constructed. The relationship between the risk factors and the degree of influence on the risk factors was studied using Decision‐Making Trialand Evaluation Laboratory and Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, and the hierarchical structure model of the risk factors for blepharoplasty quality management was obtained.

Results

Six levels of risk factors in quality management of blepharoplasty were identified and classified, and the causal attributes among risk factors were determined. Six key risk factors in quality management of double eyelid surgery were determined according to centrality, and finally the above risk factors were divided into three categories: direct cause, excessive cause, and essential cause.

Conclusions

This study realizes the comprehensive risk factor analysis of the complex system of quality management of blepharoplasty, which can provide reference for plastic surgeons to make safety decisions of blepharoplasty.
Centric relation: A needed reference position
Authors: Goldstein Gary R.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Centric relation (CR) is a universally recognized term and an acceptable reference position with a long history of success. The problem is that there is little consensus as to its definition or the method of recording it, and this has created an uprising to abolish it.

Methods

A review of pertinent literature related to its definition, method of recording, anatomic considerations, and long‐standing principles was conducted.

Results

Centric relation is an established term but there are valid concerns over its definition and method of recording. There is consensus on using it as a restorative position in a patient in need of full‐arch reconstruction, and there is no substantive clinical research to contradict this. If a clinician decides to use a different position, it should have a different name.

Conclusions

Centric relation is a reproducible reference position that can be utilized for diagnostic and restorative dental procedures with substantial scientific evidence to support that premise. There are numerous well‐documented techniques, all of which are intermaxillary, that can replicate the position. There is little scientific evidence to support a premise as to where the exact position of the condyle should be in relation to the fossa.
Relevance of sensitization to legumes in peanut‐allergic children
Authors: Muller Timé , Luc Amandine , Adam Tania , Jarlot‐Chevaux Sophie , Dumond Pascale , Schweitzer Cyril , Codreanu‐Morel Françoise , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine
Published: September 2022

Background

Legume consumption has increased during the two past decades. In France, legumes are responsible for 14.6% of food‐related anaphylaxis in children, with peanut as the main allergen (77.5%). Few studies have demonstrated cross‐reactivities between peanut and other legumes. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and relevance of sensitization to legumes in peanut‐allergic children.

Methods

All children, aged of 1–17 years, admitted to the Pediatric Allergy Department of the University Hospital of Nancy between January 1, 2017 and February 29, 2020 with a confirmed peanut allergy (PA) and a documented consumption or sensitization to at least one other legume were included. Data were retrospectively collected regarding history of consumption, skin prick tests, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), prior allergic reactions, and oral food challenges for each legume.

Results

Among the 195 included children with PA, 122 were sensitized to at least one other legume (63.9%). Main sensitizations were for fenugreek (N = 61, 66.3%), lentil (N = 38, 42.2%), soy (N = 61, 39.9%), and lupine (N = 63, 34.2%). Among the 122 sensitized children, allergy to at least one legume was confirmed for 34 children (27.9%), including six children who had multiple legume allergies (4.9%). Lentil, lupine, and pea were the main responsible allergens. Half of allergic reactions to legumes other than peanut were severe.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of legume sensitization and the frequent severe reactions reported in children with PA highlight that tolerated legume consumption should be explored for each legume in the case of PA, and sensitization should be investigated if not.
Social impact operations at the global base of the pyramid
Authors: Jónasson Jónas Oddur , Ramdas Kamalini , Sungu Alp
Published: September 2022

In recent years, our field has seen an increase in research that explicitly emphasizes an objective of social impact in the most unprivileged parts of the world—the so‐called global base of the pyramid (BOP; referring to the 2.7 billion people living on less than $2.50 per day, the largest but most resource‐poor economic group globally). This trend seems to cut across the traditional application areas of operations management (OM) and operations research (OR), and it coincides with an increased emphasis on environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) values in industry, a greater prominence of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), and increases in social impact research in other academic fields. In this paper, we pull together representative examples from our field of what we consider as social impact research aimed at improving living conditions at the BOP. We first examine the scale and scope of work published in Production and Operations Management over the last 25 years, and then provide a broader summary of the spectrum of research within OM and OR that constitute this stream of literature. We adopt the stance that OM and OR should embrace the current societal emphasis on social responsibility and positive social impact—and strive to contribute to the most pressing problems for those living at the BOP. Although our field has produced a body of work addressing such problems, individual research projects of this type are usually not viewed as falling under the broad umbrella of social impact operations (SIO), but rather are classified as part of the closest application area. By providing an initial overview of this work, we wish to celebrate the contribution of our field to this area, highlight common themes, catalyze a dialogue across application areas among researchers with a common perspective, and identify opportunities for future research.
How will artificial intelligence and Industry 4.0 emerging technologies transform operations management?
Authors: Mithas Sunil , Chen Zhi‐Long , Saldanha Terence J.V. , De Oliveira Silveira Alysson
Published: September 2022

Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, additive manufacturing, advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles, and the Internet of Things are frequently mentioned as part of “Industry 4.0.” As such, how will they influence operations and supply chain management? We answer this question by providing a brief review of the evolution of technologies and operations management (OM) over time. Because terms such as “Industry 4.0” do not have a precise definition, we focus on more fundamental issues raised by Industry 4.0 emerging technologies for research in OM. We propose a theory of disruptive debottlenecking and the SACE framework by classifying emerging technologies in terms of the functionalities they enable: sense, analyze, collaborate, and execute. Subsequently, we review the nascent but rapidly growing literature at the interface between digital technologies and OM. Our review suggests that one way to assess the value of Industry 4.0 technologies can be via their influence on adding revenues, differentiating, reducing costs, optimizing risks, innovating, and transforming business models and processes. Finally, we conclude by proposing an agenda for further research.
Photoinactivation of Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani in soybean seeds by cationic porphyrins
Authors: Saulle Carolina C. , Claus Alexandre , Sales Letícia de A. , Gonçalves Alan G. , Ducatti Diogo R. B. , Noseda Miguel D. , May De Mio Louise L.
Published: September 2022

Grain legume production is of great importance in the world economy, with soybeans being a major agricultural product. Among the main causes of crop losses are diseases caused by pathogens that infect seeds, such as Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. The fungicides used are not fully effective in controlling these diseases, and new control options are necessary. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) may be an alternative. PDI consists of the association of a photosensitizer (PS), light and molecular oxygen aimed at the destruction of microbial cells. Porphyrins and their derivatives are aromatic tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic compounds with photosensitizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of PDI in the photoinactivation of C. truncatum, C. cassiicola, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, using a mixture of cationic meso‐tetra‐aryl porphyrins as PS, being the first study to consider this formulation as PS in the photoinactivation of these pathogens. Assays were carried out with soybean seeds artificially inoculated with the different fungi, treated with the PS at 10, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml and submitted to light under an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2. The assays were set up following the blotter test methodology. The evaluations showed significant reductions in the infection rates of the seeds in relation to the controls. The greatest reductions were 46% for C. truncatum, 95.5% for S. sclerotiorum, 87% for C. cassiicola and 92% for R. solani. The results suggest that PDI can be an important alternative to current control methods against these pathogens.
Kant and Lindahl*
Authors: Roemer John E. , Silvestre Joaquim
Published: September 2022

In 1896 and 1919, respectively, Wicksell and Lindahl analyzed the public provision of public goods through parliamentary negotiation. Later, Roemer applied Kant's 1785 imperatives to the private provision of public goods by voluntary contributions. Our focal equilibrium notions are the balanced linear cost‐share equilibrium for the Wicksell–Lindahl approach and the multiplicative Kantian equilibrium in the Kant–Roemer modeling. These turn out to be fundamentally equivalent, being defined by the same individual optimization problem. These notions fit well with the idea that technology is publicly owned, but we also extend them to cover private‐ownership economies with exogenously given profit shares. We show that the equivalence between the Wicksell–Lindahl and Kant–Roemer notions carries over to them.
Bile acids regulate the epithelial Na+ channel in native tissues through direct binding at multiple sites
Authors: Wang Xue‐Ping , Tomilin Viktor , Nickerson Andrew J. , Tian Runze , Ertem Merve , McKernan Abagail , Lei Xiaoguang , Pochynyuk Oleh , Kashlan Ossama B.
Published: September 2022

Bile acids, originally known to emulsify dietary lipids, are now established signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes. Signalling targets several proteins that include the ion channels involved in regulating intestinal motility and bile viscosity. Studies show that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured cell models and heterologous expression systems. ENaC plays both local and systemic roles in regulating extracellular fluids. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in native tissues. We found that taurocholic acid and taurohyodeoxycholic acid regulated ENaC in both the distal nephron and distal colon. We also tested the hypothesis that regulation occurs through direct binding. Using photoaffinity labelling, we found evidence for specific binding to both the β and γ subunits of the channel. In functional experiments, we found that the α subunit was sufficient for regulation. We also found that regulation by at least one bile acid was voltage‐sensitive, suggesting that one binding site may be closely associated with the pore‐forming helices of the channel. Our data provide evidence that bile acids regulate ENaC by binding to multiple sites to influence the open probability of the channel.

image

Key points

Recent studies have shown that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in vitro. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC in native tissues and whether bile acids directly bind the channel.

We found that bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in the mouse cortical collecting duct and mouse colon by modulating open probability.

Photoaffinity labelling experiments showed specific binding to the β and γ subunits of the channel, while channels comprising only α subunits were sensitive to taurocholic acid in functional experiments using Xenopus oocytes.

Taurocholic acid regulation of ENaC was voltage‐dependent, providing evidence for binding to pore‐forming helices.

Our data indicate that bile acids are ENaC regulatory effectors that may have a role in the physiology and pathophysiology of several systems.
Ecología política de las hidroeléctricas
Authors: Arias-Henao Juan David , Roca-Servat Denisse
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en señalar los avances en los estudios de la ecología política sobre hidroeléctricas. Para ello se utilizó una metodología de revisión sistemática de literatura científica, dando como resultado importantes reflexiones sobre cuatro temáticas: los procesos de acumulación ligados al desarrollo de proyectos hidroeléctricos; conflictos socioambientales originados en las disputas por territorios rurales; mecanismos de resistencia de las comunidades rurales afectadas; y la gobernanza institucional para gestionar los conflictos. Se concluye que es necesario atender a las inequidades territoriales que tienen origen estructural, las cuales se profundizan a raíz de la implementación de proyectos hidroeléctricos.
Biogenic amines in rainbow trout, tilapia, and cachama fish, available for consumption in Nariño, southern Colombia
Authors: Lozada-Castro Juan J , Arturo-Perdomo David , Pardo-Rueda Angie
Published: September 2022

Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, formed by the breakdown of proteins in highly perishable food products such as fish. BAs can affect human health and are associated with cases of food poisoning. The formation of Bas such as histamine, putrescine, and tyramine were determined, via Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC), in three species of freshwater fish available in markets of city of Pasto in southern Colombia: rainbow trout, tilapia, and cachama. We evaluated the formation of BAs during the fish conservation processes and considered a multifactorial design with two levels. The factors studied were: fish species, slaughter type, storage temperature, and time to purchase. Out of the three fish species studies, tilapia samples revealed the highest average content of putrescine and histamine, with values of 5.4 µg/g and 10.04 µg/g, respectively. Tyramine was not detected in any of the experiments performed. The observed values of BAs in the samples analyzed were below locally tolerated maximal values and the European standard (200 µg/g). However, their presence reveals that factors such as sample storage temperature and time to consumption triggered their formation.
Product of deferred Cesàro and deferred weighted statistical probability convergence and its applications to Korovkin-type theorems
Authors: Jena Bidu Bhusan , Paikray Susanta Kumar
Published: September 2022

In the present work, we introduce and study the notion of statistical probability convergence for sequences of random variables as well as the idea of statistical convergence for sequences of real numbers, which are defined over a Banach space via the product of deferred Cesàro and deferred weighted summability means. We first establish a theorem presenting aconnection between them. Based upon our proposed methods, we then prove a Korovkin-type approximation theorem with algebraic test functions for a sequence of random variables on a Banach space, and demonstrate that our theorem effectively extends and improves most (if not all) of the previously existing results (in classical as well as in statistical versions). Furthermore, an illustrative example is presented here by means of the generalized Meyer–König and Zeller operators of a sequence of random variables in order to demonstrate that our established theorem is stronger than its traditional and statistical versions. Finally, we estimate the rate of the product of deferred Cesàro and deferred weighted statistical probability convergence, and accordingly establish a new result.
Selective extraction and modification of cellulose from sugar cane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Rincón Fuentes Liliana Marcela , Moreno Bastidas Lucia Marlen , Medina Vargas Oscar Julio
Published: September 2022

This paper’s aim was the synthesis of a flocculant useful in the production of panela as an alternative to replace polyacrylamide and improve food safety in Boyacá, a Colombian district. The cellulose was extracted by using a treatment with potassium hydroxide and followed by acid hydrolysis. From the extracted cellulose, cationic dialdehyde cellulose (CDAC) was synthesized and both cellulose and CDAC were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DSC) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and RAMAN. The cellulose extracted by hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse with bleaching, gave yield of 50 % and crystallinity index of 77 %. Its modification to aldehyde is 95 % reliable at a temperature of 65 osoC and 2 h; with higher temperature and time the performance is affected. The dialdehyde process allows a modification to be carried out and to be more easily attacked at carbons 2 and 3, leaving cationized cellulose for later use as a flocculant in the panela production process as a traditional solution of flocculants and polyacrylamide. Extraction, modification, and tests for the clarification of the panela juice were carried out in triplicate.
Disentangling the numbers behind agriculture-driven tropical deforestation
Authors: Pendrill Florence , Gardner Toby A. , Meyfroidt Patrick , Persson U. Martin , Adams Justin , Azevedo Tasso , Bastos Lima Mairon G. , Baumann Matthias , Curtis Philip G. , De Sy Veronique , Garrett Rachael , Godar Javier , Goldman Elizabeth Dow , Hansen Matthew C. , Heilmayr Robert , Herold Martin , Kuemmerle Tobias , Lathuillière Michael J. , Ribeiro Vivian , Tyukavina Alexandra , Weisse Mikaela J. , West Chris
Published: September 2022

Tropical deforestation continues at alarming rates with profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, and livelihoods, prompting renewed commitments to halt its continuation. Although it is well established that agriculture is a dominant driver of deforestation, rates and mechanisms remain disputed and often lack a clear evidence base. We synthesize the best available pantropical evidence to provide clarity on how agriculture drives deforestation. Although most (90 to 99%) deforestation across the tropics 2011 to 2015 was driven by agriculture, only 45 to 65% of deforested land became productive agriculture within a few years. Therefore, ending deforestation likely requires combining measures to create deforestation-free supply chains with landscape governance interventions. We highlight key remaining evidence gaps including deforestation trends, commodity-specific land-use dynamics, and data from tropical dry forests and forests across Africa.
Understanding myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya , Eaton-Fitch Natalie
Published: September 2022

Myalgic encephalomyelitis and Long Covid have overlapping presentation
Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism
Authors: Weber Jesse N. , Steinel Natalie C. , Peng Foen , Shim Kum Chuan , Lohman Brian K. , Fuess Lauren E. , Subramanian Swapna , Lisle Stephen P. De , Bolnick Daniel I.
Published: September 2022

Parasites impose fitness costs on their hosts. Biologists often assume that natural selection favors infection-resistant hosts. Yet, when the immune response itself is costly, theory suggests that selection may sometimes favor loss of resistance, which may result in alternative stable states where some populations are resistant and others are tolerant. Intraspecific variation in immune costs is rarely surveyed in a manner that tests evolutionary patterns, and there are few examples of adaptive loss of resistance. Here, we show that when marine threespine stickleback colonized freshwater lakes, they gained resistance to the freshwater-associated cestode
Schistocephalus solidus
. Extensive peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation are a commonly observed phenotype that contributes to suppression of cestode growth and viability but also imposes a substantial cost on fecundity. Combining genetic mapping and population genomics, we find that opposing selection generates immune system differences between tolerant and resistant populations, consistent with divergent optimization.
The genomic history and global expansion of domestic donkeys
Authors: Todd Evelyn T. , Tonasso-Calvière Laure , Chauvey Loreleï , Schiavinato Stéphanie , Fages Antoine , Seguin-Orlando Andaine , Clavel Pierre , Khan Naveed , Pérez Pardal Lucía , Patterson Rosa Laura , Librado Pablo , Ringbauer Harald , Verdugo Marta , Southon John , Aury Jean-Marc , Perdereau Aude , Vila Emmanuelle , Marzullo Matilde , Prato Ornella , Tecchiati Umberto , Bagnasco Gianni Giovanna , Tagliacozzo Antonio , Tinè Vincenzo , Alhaique Francesca , Cardoso João Luís , Valente Maria João , Telles Antunes Miguel , Frantz Laurent , Shapiro Beth , Bradley Daniel G. , Boulbes Nicolas , Gardeisen Armelle , Horwitz Liora Kolska , Öztan Aliye , Arbuckle Benjamin S. , Onar Vedat , Clavel Benoît , Lepetz Sébastien , Vahdati Ali Akbar , Davoudi Hossein , Mohaseb Azadeh , Mashkour Marjan , Bouchez Olivier , Donnadieu Cécile , Wincker Patrick , Brooks Samantha A. , Beja-Pereira Albano , Wu Dong-Dong , Orlando Ludovic
Published: September 2022

Donkeys transformed human history as essential beasts of burden for long-distance movement, especially across semi-arid and upland environments. They remain insufficiently studied despite globally expanding and providing key support to low- to middle-income communities. To elucidate their domestication history, we constructed a comprehensive genome panel of 207 modern and 31 ancient donkeys, as well as 15 wild equids. We found a strong phylogeographic structure in modern donkeys that supports a single domestication in Africa ~5000 BCE, followed by further expansions in this continent and Eurasia and ultimately returning to Africa. We uncover a previously unknown genetic lineage in the Levant ~200 BCE, which contributed increasing ancestry toward Asia. Donkey management involved inbreeding and the production of giant bloodlines at a time when mules were essential to the Roman economy and military.
El Niño’s role in changing fauna
Authors: Sandweiss Daniel H. , Maasch Kirk A.
Published: September 2022

Past faunas show how El Niño frequency affects eastern Pacific community structure
Warming of 1.5°C carries risk of crossing climate tipping points
Authors: O’Grady Cathleen
Published: September 2022

Scientists call for concerted effort to forecast points of no return for ice, weather patterns, and ecosystems
Surface-Induced cAMP Signaling Requires Multiple Features of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pili
Authors: Kuchma Sherry L. , O’Toole George A.
Published: September 2022

Surface sensing by
P. aeruginosa
requires TFP. TFP plays a critical role in the induction of the second messenger cAMP upon surface contact; this second messenger is part of a larger cascade involved in the transition from a planktonic to a biofilm lifestyle.
A New Long Noncoding RNA, MAHAT, Inhibits Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Recruiting DDX6 To Bind to
ZNF34
and Promote an Innate Immune Response
Authors: Liu Yuming , Liu Xing , Bai Juan , Sun Yangyang , Nauwynck Hans , Wang Xianwei , Yang Yuanqi , Jiang Ping
Published: September 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in viral infection by regulating the transcription and expression of host genes, and interferon signaling pathways. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes huge economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but the mechanisms of its pathogenesis and immunology are not fully understood.
Supplemental Material: Growth of early Paleozoic continental crust linked to the Proto-Tethys subduction and continental collision in the East Kunlun Orogen, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fu Lebing , al. et
Published: September 2022

Supplemental Tables S1–S9. Analytical Methods.
Supplemental Material: Origin of the Songpan-Garze Terrane on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, eastern segment of the Tethyan tectonic domain: A Middle Permian–Early Triassic intracontinental rifting system
Authors: Liu Songnan , Wang Yu
Published: September 2022

Text S1: Procedures of zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronological analysis. Text S2: Procedures of whole-rock geochemical analysis. Figure S1: U-Pb concordia diagrams for each sample, which analyzed by U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronological method. Figure S2: Th/U ratio for each sample, which analyzed by U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronological method. Supplemental Data.
Supplemental Material: Finding a VOICE in the Southern Hemisphere: A new record of global organic carbon?
Authors: Weger Ralf J. , al. et
Published: September 2022

Figure S1: Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous integrated time scale modified from Gale et al. (2020) and the other guy Hesselbo et al. (2020). Figure S2: (A) Measured Isotope data (δ13Corg, δ15Norg, δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb) from 6 different sections (PC13, PC14, PC03, PC12, PC10, and PC11) at Puerta Curaco Sequence 4 of the Vaca Muerta. (B) Coefficients of Variation, a quantitative measure of lateral deviation for each of the measured Isotope values. Figure S3: Whisker plots of isotope data, carbonate content, and total organic carbon from lithologic sections measured at Puerta Curraco, Aguada de los Tamariscos, and Pampa Tril illustrating the data for the entire covered time interval (gray) and separated by age intervals (Tith.—Tithonian, Berr.—Berriasian, Val.—Valanginian).
Supplemental Material: Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene rise of the Gangdese magmatic arc (south Tibet) from sea level to high mountains
Authors: Xu Qiang , al. et
Published: September 2022

Table S1: Zircon U-Pb ages of the tuffite and diorite dike samples from the Takena, Shexing, and Linzizong successions in Linzhou Basin. Table S2: Stable isotope values of the authigenic carbonates from the Shexing and Nianbo Formations and the paleoelevation determinations. Table S3: Clumped isotope analysis of the paleosol carbonate from the Shexing Formation, Linzhou Basin. Table S4: Carbonate isotope data for Shexing and Nianbo Formation clumped isotope samples.
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic elevation history of the north Taihang Mountains, China: Constraints from clumped isotope geochemistry
Authors: Wen Yixiong , Zhang Laiming , al. et
Published: September 2022

Additional figures, Δ47 raw data and intermediate igneous databases.
Erratum to: Changes in the Power Characteristics of the α-Rhythm in Students with Different Levels of Anxiety in Normal Sleep and Partial Deprivation Solving the Go/NoGo Problem
Authors: Cheremushkin E. A. , Petrenko N. E. , Alipov N. N. , Sergeeva O. V.
Published: September 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722440013
Upside-down vision: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Yap Joshua Anthony
Published: September 2022

Background

Reversal of vision metamorphopsia (RVM) is a rarely reported disorder characterised by rotation of vision, 180 degrees in the coronal plane. A systematic review and analysis of all available reports of RVM was undertaken to identify the clinical picture, underlying aetiology and proposed pathophysiology and to define anatomical localisation.

Methods

We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and used Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, Medline, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL databases to search for articles about RVM. The available articles were published from 1974 to 2022. We summarised the evidence, analysed the data and represented anatomical localisation to provide information on the clinical patterns for diagnostics and management.

Results

Twenty-eight articles fulfilled the selection criteria, providing 52 cases of reported RVM. Reports focused on the clinical picture and evaluation of neurological signs and symptoms. The most common underlying aetiology was a posterior circulation stroke or interruption of the vestibular system. In the analysis, we demonstrated statistically significant differences between ischaemic and vestibular aetiology in the duration of episodes (p=0.03, Z=2.13) and vomiting (p=0.02, Z=2.28) subgroups. Insults present on brain imaging have been mapped via two-dimensional graphical representations (n=16).

Conclusions

This review intends to raise awareness of this unusual phenomenon. Swift recognition of this disorder is paramount and appropriate management should be tailored to the individual aetiology. Brain mapping and analysis of cases may elucidate the anatomical localisation of the central integrator of visuospatial orientation. We suggest that sensory information may be synthesised by a multinucleated visuospatial system to form a visual representation of extrapersonal verticality.
Towards more realistic modelling of sand–rubber mixtures considering shape, deformability, and micro-mechanics
Authors: Asadi Mohsen , Mahboubi Ahmad , Thoeni Klaus
Published: September 2022

This paper presents realistic discrete element method (DEM) simulations of mixtures of sand and rubber grains. The shape of the grains and the deformability of the rubber are accounted for in the model. A set of 1D compression tests and triaxial compression tests are performed on samples with different rubber contents. It is shown that the model can accurately predict the mixture behaviour at macro-scale. The insights from a micro-mechanical analysis of force chain network, coordination number, and side-wall friction indicate that deformability plays a key role in exhibiting realistic behaviour. Finally, a new criterion is presented to determine the limits of sand-like and rubber-like behaviour.
An Improved Helmet Detection Algorithm Based on YOLO V4
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Jie
Published: September 2022

The existing helmet detection algorithms have disadvantages such as difficulty in detecting occluded targets, small targets, etc. To address those problems, a YOLO V4-based helmet detection improvement algorithm has been proposed. Firstly, the model’s backbone structure is improved, and the backbone’s multi-scale feature extraction capability is enhanced by using MCM modules with different sized convolutional kernels, the FSM channel attention module is used to guide the model to dynamically focus on the channel features of extracted small targets and obscured target information. Secondly, in order to optimize the model training, the latest loss function Eiou is used to replace Ciou for anchor frame regression prediction to improve the convergence speed and regression accuracy of the model. Finally, a helmet dataset is constructed from this paper, and a K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the helmet dataset and select the appropriate a priori candidate frames. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has a significant improvement in detection accuracy compared with the original YOLO V4 algorithm, and can have a positive detection effect on small targets and obscured targets.
Unsteady MHD stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over a spinning sphere with Joule heating
Authors: Mahmood Zafar , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Khan Umar , Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: September 2022

Practical Applications: Numerous technical applications, including as polymer deposition, electrolysis control, medication delivery, spin-stabilized missile cooling and cooling of rotating machinery slices have sparked considerable interest in studying stagnation point flow. Nuclear power plants, photovoltaic panels and heat exchangers as well as microfluidic heating devices use them.

Purpose: To better understand the unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary hybrid nanofluid stream at the stagnation zone with Joule heating, this research examines the unique prospective applicative properties.

Methodology: The flow equations will be modeled. By using similarity transformation, it is possible to transform nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that are not precisely solvable into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be numerically resolved. Runge–Kutta-IV and the shooting technique in MATHEMATICA have been demonstrated to have a significant effect on the predominance of heat exchange and the mobility features of ternary hybrid nanofluids.

Findings: Results show that the unsteadiness parameter influences the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity and mono nanofluid has a larger velocity than other nanofluids, while the opposite is true for the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity. Nanoparticle concentrations, magnetic and Eckert number characteristics increase the thermal distribution, whereas the unsteadiness and rotation parameter decreases it. Unsteadiness, rotation and magnetic factors all improve heat transfer, while the Eckert number parameter has the reverse effect. The ternary hybrid nanofluid also has a greater heat transfer rate than the hybrid and normal nanofluids.

Originality: Unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary nanofluid stream generated by magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) in the stagnation zone was studied in detail in this study. To avoid any errors in heat transfer, it may assist other researchers in selecting critical parameters for modern industrial heat transfer and the right parameters for developing nonunique solutions.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Nyawale Helmut A. , Chibwe Elieza , Mujuni Fridolin , Maiga Lidya , Silvin Albert , Chongo Alda Ester , Msemwa Bertrand , Silago Vitus , Majigo Mtebe , Kamori Doreen , Mshana Stephen E. , Mirambo Mariam M.
Published: September 2022

Background. Stillbirth adversely affects pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Viral infections have been implicated as one of the causes of stillbirths. Despite high rates of stillbirths and high viral prevalence in LMICs, there is limited information regarding their association. This study investigated the magnitude of herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV-2) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among women with macerated stillbirth. Methods. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted involving 279 women with macerated stillbirth between July and August 2018 at different health facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania. Detection of HSV-2 was done by immunochromatographic test while that of HCMV was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive data analysis was done using STATA version 13. Results. A total of 28 (10.04%, 95% CI: 6.8-13.9) tested positive for HSV-2 IgG antibodies with only 4 (1.43%, 95% CL: 0.3-2.8) testing positive for HSV-2 IgM antibodies. HCMV IgG antibodies were detected in 131 (77.98%, 95% CI: 71-84) of 168 women tested. By multivariate logistic regulation analysis, advanced age (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99,

p
=
0.025

) was significantly associated with negative HSV-2 IgG antibodies. By log multinomial regression analysis, only urban residence (RRR.4.43: 95% CI 1.53-12.80,

p
=
0.006

) independently predicted HCMV IgG seropositivity among women with stillbirth. Twenty-one (30.9%) of women with positive HCMV IgG antibodies had low avidity index (<40%) indicating recent infection. Conclusion. Significant proportion of women with macerated stillbirth residing in urban and with low age have HCMV and HSV antibodies, respectively. This calls for the need to consider introducing screening of these infections in the Tanzanian antenatal package and further studies to explore the role of these viruses in causing stillbirth in Tanzania.
A Novel Attention-Based Lightweight Network for Multiscale Object Detection in Underwater Images
Authors: Wang Jinkang , He Xiaohui , Shao Faming , Lu Guanlin , Jiang Qunyan , Hu Ruizhe , Li Jinxin
Published: September 2022

Underwater images have low quality, and underwater targets have different sizes. The mainstream target detection networks cannot achieve good results in detecting objects from underwater images. In this study, a lightweight underwater multiscale target detection model with an attention mechanism is designed to solve the above problems. In this model, MobileNetv3 is used as the backbone network for preliminary feature extraction. The lightweight feature extraction module (LFEM) pays attention to the feature map at the channel and space levels. The features with large weights are promoted, while the features with small weights are suppressed. Meanwhile, cross-group information exchange enriches the semantic information and location information of the objects. The context aggregation module (CIAM) pools the extracted feature maps to obtain feature pyramids, and it uses the upsampling-feature refinement-cascade addition (URC) method to effectively fuse global context information and enhance the feature representation. The scale normalization for feature pyramids (SNFP) performs adaptive multiscale perception and multianchor detection on feature maps to cover objects of different sizes and realize multiscale object detection in underwater images. The proposed network can realize lightweight feature extraction, effectively handle the global relationship between the underwater scene and the object while expanding the receptive field, traverse the objects of different scales, and achieve adaptive multianchor detection of multiscale objects in underwater images. The experimental results indicate that our method achieves an average accuracy of 81.94% and a detection speed of 44.3 FPS on a composite dataset. Also, our method is better than the mainstream object detection networks in terms of detection accuracy, lightweight design, and real-time performance.
Error-Index-Based Algorithm for Low-Velocity Impact Localization
Authors: Peng Tao , Cui Lilin , Huang Xiufeng , Yu Wenjing , Xu Rongwu
Published: September 2022

Flat plates and cylindrical shells are commonly used in large equipment. To locate the low-velocity impact points in these structures, this study proposes an error-index-based algorithm for impact localization. The time of arrival of an impact-generated A0 Lamb waves was first estimated based on the energy of the signal. Equations for calculating the error indices were proposed for flat-plate and cylindrical shell structures, and the probability distribution functions of the impact points are constructed for visual localization. The impact test results on a flat plate and cylindrical shell indicated that, compared to the Morlet wavelet method, the proposed algorithm improved the mean relative error of impact point localization on the flat plate by 0.22%, 15.64%, and 15.26% under three different noise conditions, respectively (i.e., no noise, and SNR = 5 and 0 dB). For the cylindrical shell, the mean relative error of impact localization improved by 1.8%, 3.97%, and 28.12% under the three conditions, respectively. The results indicated that the proposed localization algorithm can accurately locate the impact points on a flat plate and cylindrical shell, even under strong background noise conditions, providing a reference for future research on locating low-velocity impact points in large equipment.
Sustainable Financing Model considering Project Risk
Authors: Lolagari Hossein , Daneshvar Amir , Zaj Mahdi Madanchi , Roodposhti Fereydon Rahnamay
Published: September 2022

Implementing various projects in each country leads to the development of that country. The necessity of implementing any project is to finance that project through different methods. In this regard, the cost of financing projects, determining the amount of financing from each technique, and the risk of financing projects are among the things that have caused problems for managers and decision makers. This study presents a new sustainable financing model for international projects in Iran. The main objectives are to minimize the financing cost and risk of funding the projects. Based on the proposed conceptual model based on fuzzy hierarchy analysis, it was observed that Iran’s economic conditions, with a weight coefficient of 0.34, have the highest risk in financing projects. Therefore, a two‐objective model was designed by determining the weighting coefficients to reduce costs and financing risks. Additionally, the epsilon constraint methods and NSGA II algorithm were used. Comparative results between the two algorithms show that financing projects must be changed to reduce the risk of sustainable financing of international projects, which can lead to an increase in the total cost of financing projects. On the other hand, it was observed that the NSGA II algorithm obtained 32 efficient answers (a combination of how projects are financed). Each of the received answers has advantages over the other solutions obtained. The epsilon constraint method also brought 11 efficient answers, demonstrating that the domestic capital market can provide 54.89% of the deficit budget of the country’s international projects. Furthermore, 44.81% of the project deficit budget can be financed from a foreign bank loan source, and only 0.2% of the budget can be funded through the company’s internal resources.
Fixture Design for Outer Skin Aircraft Door Manual Drilling Operation with Finite Element Analysis and Ergonomic Consideration
Authors: Mamat Azuddin , Yap Hwa Jen , Tan Chee Hau , Muhammad Asri Muhammad Basril
Published: September 2022

Fixture design for dedicated aircraft components is very challenging nowadays due to complexity, process capability, and effect on technical worker health conditions. The proposed fixture design for drilling an outer skin aircraft door will accommodate a design principle of fixture and ergonomic aspect of the technical worker. The proposed design will include the comfort drilling posture and finite element analysis (FEA) on the structure. The step required for the drilling process, starting from loading, locating, clamping, frame rotation, and hole drilling was discussed. FEA analysis shows a maximum value for the von Mises stress recorded was 6.373 × 105 N/m2 at the flange between the frame and vertical stand, and acceptable stress distribution results from the loaded weight of the outer skin aircraft door. A fully functional prototype was developed with a scale reduced to a quarter to verify the design. The developed prototype is successfully showing the capability of the fixture design in providing a mechanism of ergonomic consideration in the drilling of the outer skin of the aircraft door.