bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edukasi Online Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Bahaya NAPZA Pada Remaja SMA DI Jakarta Barat
Authors: Kurniasari Kurniasari , Kalumpiu Joice Viladelvia , Elly Herwana  , Erita Istriana  , Kartini
Published: January 2023

Remaja merupakan masa penting untuk perkembangan biologi, psikologi dan sosial individu. Pengaruh dari teman sebaya dan lingkungan memegang peranan yang penting bagi remaja dalam mengambil keputusan. Saat ini, Indonesia sedang dalam masa pandemi covid-19 yang mengakibatkan banyak sekolah melakukan pembelajaran secara online. Hal ini berdampak pada kurangnya interaksi sosial secara langsung antara remaja dengan teman sebayanya, sehingga dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan mental seperti stres. Selain itu, penggunaan media digital yang semakin meningkat dapat memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang tidak tepat seperti mengkonsumsi narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya (NAPZA). Tujuan edukasi pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa/i sekolah terhadap jenis, dampak negatif serta penanggulangan penyalahgunaan dan ketergantungan NAPZA. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara online pada tanggal 13 Maret 2022, yang meliputi edukasi/penyuluhan dan tanya jawab. Pengetahuan siswa/i sebelum dan sesudah edukasi/penyuluhan dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai jenis, dampak negatif dan pengobatan penyalahgunaan NAPZA.  Analisa data kuesioner dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Science 26 for mac. Sebanyak 40,8% peserta PKM mengalami peningkatan skor pengetahuan dan ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi (p=0,009).
Pengolahan Hasil Budidaya Ikan Lele Siap Saji Dengan Metode Vacuum Frozen Siap Jual Pada PKK Yosowilangun
Authors: Dhartikasari Priyana Efta , Sudirdjo Poerwo
Published: January 2023

Banyaknya PHK yang terjadi di beberapa perusahaan, akibat imbas serangan Covid-19 membuat beberapa orang harus berusaha keras untuk mendapatkan penghasilan. Penyesuaian pekerjaan era covid sejatinya membuat perubahan budaya beli tersendiri bagi masyarakat. Kabanyakan mereka sekarang beralih ke bisnis online, dan hidangan sehat siap saji berbentuk frozen layaknya semakin digandrungi oleh masyarakat. Kesibukan masyarakat menjadi sangat terbantu dengan adanya hidangan frozen yang cepat dalam memasak, serta higienis. Pengabdian Masyarakat yang diusulkan oleh TIM Teknik Industri UMG dengan mengambil tema Pengolahan Hasil Budidaya Lele siap saji, merupakan kelanjutan dari pengabdian sebelumnya, yang dulu bertemakan budidaya ikan dalam ember dengan media ikan lele. Hasil daripada ikan lele ini akan di dibuat vacuum frozen food. Seperti yang kita ketahui vacuum frozen food sekarang ini lumayan diminati oleh masyarakat perkotaan tak terkecuali Gresik. Gizinya yang dinilai masih normal serta cara pengolahan yang mudah tinggal digoreng atau diolah lain, membuat vacuum frozen merupakan salah satu pilihan dalam membuat menu santapan makanan. Setelah pengolahan dengan vacuum selesai, langkah berikutnya adalah pelatihan membuat design packaging makanan. Dari design ini diharapkan akan mendapatkan luaran yang siap jual langsung ke masyarakat. Sehingga masyarakat memperoleh pengolahan ikan lele dari hulu ke hilir. Hulu adalah bididaya ikan lele, lanjut ke pengolahan kemudian packaging siap jual.
Pelatihan Enterpreneurship Home Care Baby SPA and Treatment Pada Alumni Program Studi Diploma III Kebidanan Jayapura
Authors: Romauli Suryati , Helda W Nouvy , Niu Flora
Published: January 2023

Pelayanan kebidanan komplementer saat ini semakin diminati masyarakat, salah satunya adalah pelayanan Baby SPA, yang mana menjadi trend baru dalam merawat bayi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bayi. Pentingnya bagi alumni Prodi Diploma III Kebidanan Jayapura diberikan bekal tentang enterpreunership sehingga memiliki peluang membuka usaha praktek bidan maupun home care baby SPA and treatment, yang berfokus pada pelayanan kesehatan bayi dan anak.

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk menumbuhkan motivasi enterpreunership dikalangan alumni Prodi Diploma III Kebidanan Jayapura, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan alumni tentang baby SPA and treatment serta mendampingi alumni dalam membuka  usaha home care baby SPA and treatment.

Metode yang digunakan dengan melakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 13 Juli sampai dengan 15 Juli 2022. Dengan peserta sebanyak 13 orang. Pelaksanaan kegiatan diawali dengan pre-test, diskusi, demostrasi, praktek baby SPA and treatment dan diakhiri dengan post-test. Setelah dilakukan pelatihan, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta yang cukup signifikan tentang home care baby SPA and Treatment, dan setelah pendampingan dalam waktu seminggu peserta telah membuat brosur pemasaran pelayanan dan pada minggu ke dua 11 peserta telah melakukan pelayanan  home care baby SPA and treatment. Ada peningkatan kunjungan rumah serta omset pemasukan setiap bulannya.
Cross-validation of 20 anthropometric prediction equations for appendicular muscle mass in older Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Bohn Lucimere , Santos André Pereira dos , Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes da , Tasinafo Márcio Fernando , Venturini Ana Claudia Rossini , Ramos Nilo César , Pardo Pablo Jorge Marcos- , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes
Published: January 2023

Objective: To test the cross-validation of anthropometric prediction equations for appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in older Brazilian women. Methods: Sixty-seven older women (69.84 ± 5.95 years old) underwent anthropometric measurements. AMM (kg) reference values obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (AMMDXA) were compared to 20 anthropometric equations for estimating AMM in older adults. A paired t-test (p > 0.05), standard error of estimate (SEE < 3.50 kg), and r2 > 0.70 confirmed the validity of the equations. The agreement between predictions and the reference was also verified (Bland-Altman). Results: Four American equations and one Mexican equation were not statistically different from AMMDXA (p > 0.05) but did not present suitable r2 values for validation. The American equation from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), AMM (kg) = (-0.04 × age [years]) + (0.46 × calf circumference [cm]) + (0.32 × arm circumference [cm]) + (0.11 × thigh circumference [cm]) – (0.27 × body mass index [BMI, kg/m2]) + (0.07 × waist circumference [cm]) – 13 119) showed the best performance (r2 = 0.64; SEE = 3.24 kg), with minimal mean difference (0.26 kg), no heteroscedasticity for extreme values, and with high agreement with the Brazilian sample (-3.90 to 3.40 kg). Conclusion: When specific equations for a given population are not available, the use of generic equations of greater sample representativeness with scientifically and reliably analyzed data is allowed.
Comparative Content Analysis on the Determinants of Social and Commercial Entrepreneurs: A qualitative approach on Nvivo
Authors: Hafeez Salima , Raja Dr. Muhammad Waqas
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
This article configures the determinants of social and commercial entrepreneurs by applying comparative content analysis and individual interview methods.
Methodology:
Comparative content analysis qualitative techniques are used to analyze the data. The analysis highlights determinants through the Venn diagram cluster analysis, and word cloud methods to analyze qualitative techniques in Nvivo. Researchers reviewed 170 articles, 35 case studies, and 16 reports comparing social and commercial ventures in this study
Findings:
The analyses confined findings in three layers firstly, distinguish components of commercial entrepreneurs, and second distinguish components of commercial entrepreneurs. Thirdly, this article clarifies the similar overlapping components. The distinct components of social entrepreneurs are having a social mission, addressing a social problem, bringing social innovation and social awareness, and creating social value.
Conclusions:
The current study has contributed while opening up some exploratory avenues for developing a piece of literature by offering theoretical comparative content to describe applicability towards social aspects. This study generate theory that support the social context in all business. Every business should have the social in nature that identify the societal needs, and solve the social problems and enhance the well-being of individual’s life. Every business owner would have the social soul for the well-being of society
A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS IN RURAL AREAS OF SINDH WITH ROLE OF PRIVATE NGOs
Authors: Hassan Masood , Ramish Muhammad Sufyan , Dilshad Waqas Bin
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
No country can fulfill its objectives without a well-educated labor force, and that is why education is such an important part of national growth and development. Education is a strong weapon for social transformation, but depriving it of fundamental necessities shows that it has failed. This study has been carried out just to know the education concerns of rural areas of Sindh with the important role of NGOs plays in a country's growth for the development of its citizens' moral, social, and cultural creativity.
Methodology:
The literature review has been done in the formation of this study while the approach taken in this literature review was motivated by the work of Suikkala and Leino-Kilpi (2001) and Evans (2002). The Google search engine and the Google Scholar database were used to discover articles and books published between January 1999 and January 2022. Only works first published in English were considered.
Findings:
Physical distance to school, teacher hiring in rural area, spotty internet access, poverty and non-entrepreneurial teachers are the challenges of the education system.
Conclusion:
Problems of education in rural areas exist not only in Pakistan but throughout the world while supporting role of private NGOs is the dire need of education system in rural Sindh
História e cidade em “Os condenados”, de Oswald de Andrade
Authors: Claudiano Leonardo
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem o intuito de captar a São Paulo que Oswald de Andrade sentiu
e preservou em seu primeiro romance, “Os condenados” (1922). Por São Paulo,
compreendemos, além do espaço físico, as sociabilidades que se desenvolveram no cenário
urbano, assim como as alterações no mapa subjetivo de seus habitantes, frente às
inúmeras mudanças que se colidiam. Diante de uma paisagem tecnológica irreversível e
irresistível, interessa-nos, na escritura oswaldiana, a relação dialética com a urbe que
seduz e ameaça. Lembramos, ainda, que “Os condenados” fez parte da Semana de Arte
Moderna—ou seja, está localizado num instante de transição, entre um tempo que morre e
sobrevive transmutado, e um tempo que surge para se desfazer e refazer constantemente,
sempre carregado de elementos que o antecederam. A forma fragmentada da obra visa romper
com a continuidade; pretende caminhar aos solavancos, aos choques recorrentes das
multidões. Busca ser cidade e representar a experiência da modernidade—entendida como a
fusão conflituosa entre modernização e modernismo. Por fim, ao nos referirmos à
modernidade, fazemo-nos ao seu plural. Em “Os condenados”, temos as camadas desses
tempos diversos em negociação, negação e imposição.
Cenas cotidianas e tensão social no conto “A sociedade”, de António de Alcântara
Machado
Authors: Alves Evandro , Queiroz Lara
Published: January 2023

As relações entre a Literatura e a História são múltiplas e de longa data, com
diversos graus de aproximação e distanciamento entre ambas. Uma das possibilidades de
aproximação entre os dois campos de conhecimento é o do uso de obras literárias como
fonte privilegiada para a interpretação de contextos sociais não mais existentes, ainda
que essa interpretação não possa nunca ser considerada como única e absoluta. É a esse
tipo de exercício de aproximação que se propõe o presente artigo: partindo do conto “A
sociedade”, de António de Alcântara Machado, estudar algumas cenas do cotidiano das
comunidades de imigrantes italianos na cidade de São Paulo na primeira metade do século
passado. Para isso, as páginas seguintes se valerão tanto da obra citada do autor
modernista quanto de referenciais teóricos que versam sobre os temas de Literatura e
História, a fim de verificar como as tensões sociais entre imigrantes italianos e
paulistas de “quatrocentos anos” apresentam-se literariamente no conto de Alcântara
Machado.
Tradições populares na produção intelectual de Mário de Andrade: viagem, pesquisa e
criação literária em “Vida do Cantador”
Authors: Lima Samara
Published: January 2023

O artigo pretende investigar a percepção de Mário de Andrade a respeito das
tradições populares, utilizando como fonte principal de pesquisa a série Vida do
Cantador, publicada em 1943, na coluna “Mundo Musical”, do jornal Folha da Manhã de São
Paulo. Os textos, classificados pelo autor como “conto”, são seguidos de comentários de
caráter etnográfico, em que Mário de Andrade procura esclarecer aspectos da cultura
popular incorporados na narrativa. Busca-se analisar a relação de Mário de Andrade com
as fontes populares, ora literária, ora mais próxima da orientação científica, situando
Vida do Cantador no percurso intelectual do escritor, de modo a integrar a série no
conjunto de sua produção.
Diálogos entre o modernismo conservador e a política de ocupação territorial da
Marcha para o Oeste: o neobandeirantismo paulista (1928-1940)
Authors: Almeida Thays
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os diálogos entre o modernismo
conservador, identificado na corrente verde-amarela, e a política de ocupação
territorial da Marcha para o Oeste, em curso durante o Estado Novo. Os nexos entre as
ideias mobilizadas nos anos 1920 e os projetos e discursos dos anos 1940 serão
analisados por meio da atuação intelectual e política de Cassiano Ricardo. Duas obras
são essenciais nesse processo: Martim Cererê (1928) e Marcha para Oeste: a influência da
“bandeira” na formação social e política do Brasil (1940). Para compreensão das questões
que conectam e identificam o modernismo conservador e suas ideias ao projeto de
interiorização estadonovista, se faz necessário compreender não apenas suas
particularidades, mas como elas foram associadas a partir do aparelhamento de
intelectuais nos meios de comunicação do regime iniciado em 1937.
Characterization of Colletotrichum Species as Causal Agents of Anthracnose in Strawberry Productive Areas in Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Salazar Sergio M , Moschen Sebastián N , Arias Marta E , Furio Ramiro N , Castagnaro Atilio P , Ricci Juan C Díaz
Published: January 2023

Objective: Anthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum species and is a significant disease in the strawberry crop. This study aims to identify at the level of species Colletotrichum spp. isolates collected from symptomatic strawberry plants in Tucumán, Argentina's second most important strawberry production area. Methods: 45 isolates of Colletotrichum were collected and characterized. Morphological characterization was conducted by analyzing fungal cultural characteristics, the growth rate in potato dextrose agar plates, conidial morphology and size, and sexual state. Phytopathological characterization was carried out by plant-pathogen interactions under controlled conditions in infection chambers. Molecular characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of regions of amplified mitochondrial small rRNA genes. Results: Preliminary morphological characterization led to three distinctive groups, based on conidial shape and size, and colony type, colour, and growth, whereas the phytopathological characterization, led to two distinct groups based on the severity of symptoms, virulence, and host specificity. Molecular analyses confirmed the identity of three isolates representing each of the microbiological groups (i.e., isolate F7 of Colletotrichum acutatum (C. acutatum), isolate L9 of C. acutatum, isolate M11 of C. acutatum), demonstrating that they correspond to C. acutatum species. Based on the analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers sequences, and using specific microsatellites, we found a high genetic variability among all C. acutatum sequences. Implications of these results, as well as biological products commercially available and research advancing the field of biological control agents, were also discussed. Conclusion: This is the latest study to report with confidence that the species of Colletotrichum present in Tucumán, Argentina corresponds to C. acutatum, and such species are genetically diverse.
Agronomic Practices to Improve Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Pimentel Carlos
Published: January 2023

Water scarcity, which already occurs for more than a billion people worldwide, will worsen further, and the water supply available for future generations, especially for use in agriculture, will be increasingly restricted (FAO, 2017). Above all, in arid and semi-arid regions, irrigated agriculture uses more than 70 to 80% of the total water available and is essential to increase food production in these regions, where the population is rapidly increasing (TURNER, 2004) [1]. The world’s population in 2004 was more than 6,000,000, of which around 5,000,000 were in developing countries, and 20% of this population has remained undernourished since the 1990s [2]. For this time, water management in agriculture, in the current era of scarcity, should be engaged to implement water use efficiency (WUE), spending fewer resources and producing less expensive plant protein [3,4]. In the past, during the post-war “green revolution”, the paradigm of agriculture was to modify the environment (heavy fertilization, irrigation, and mechanization, with energy expenditure) to adapt it to the plant, with the generation of so-called high-yield varieties (HYVs), with high harvest index (HI: Dry Weight [DW] of the organ harvested. plant DW-1), for mechanized harvesting and responsive to the application of fertilizers, which were cheap at the time [1], but less adapted to the stresses, which was mitigated by energy expenditure, in irrigation and mechanization, and fertilizers applied [5]. For example, in grasses, the induction of progressive tillering, as occurs in the millet and sorghum, is one of the mechanisms of escape from environmental stresses because each inflorescence will have a different period of fertilization increasing the chances of producing some viable panicles [5]. However, this characteristic would prevent mechanized harvesting, but small farmers in marginal areas of agriculture do not use mechanic harvesting. Marginal agriculture areas are frequently subjected to environmental stresses and have soils with poor nutrient content [3]. In the past, during the green revolution, it was always a characteristic undesirable for plant breeding programs to improve yield. In addition, the increase in HI was often obtained with a reduction of volume and root area, which is very important to implement the WUE [6]. Therefore, the genetic basis for the environmental adaptation of the most improved crop by man, such as maize, has been dramatically diminished. After the oil and energy crisis in the 1970s, the paradigm of agriculture has become to modify the plant to adapt it to the environment, with WUE, generating varieties with Low Technological Cost (LCVs) for agricultural production (Figure 1). This adaptation to environmental stresses can also be found in local landraces used by the small farmers living in marginal areas for agriculture, which needs to be better studied and recommended to increase food safety in these areas [3].
IMPLEMENTASI METODE AL-HUSNA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN
Authors: ‘Aisy Lu'lu' Lam’aa’ Rohadatul , Fathurrahman Mukhlis , Khasanah Uswatun
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the Al-Husna method in increasing motivation and learning outcomes to read the Qur'an. The subject of this research is MIN 1 Sukoharjo. This research is aqualitative research. Observations, interviews and documentation are tools for data collection. Meanwhile, data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The result of this study is that the implementation of the Al-Husna method in increasing motivation and learning outcomes to read the Qur'an is by using the Al-Husna method book media. In order to make it easier for teachers to guide students, the teacher divides them into several groups. Then the Al-Husna method that was applied was very effective with an average of students reaching the target of 90% of the 29 total students. In addition to the Al-Husna method that can be said to be effective, it can also be seen that the motivation of students has increased, which can be proven by the enthusiasm of students who do not give up easily and are enthusiastic in participating in learning
CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: KHALID MN , HASSAN U , HANZALA M , AMJAD I , HASSAN A
Published: January 2023

Pakistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton producer. It is grown largely for fibre, and its oil is used as a vegetable oil and contributes significantly to the local oil industry. Cottonseed oil meets 18.1% of Pakistan's edible oil needs. In 2030, there will be 5.5 million tonnes of total demand for this purpose, with 2 million tonnes of local supply. Bt cotton, which was introduced in 2010 to remove three harmful lepidopteran insects, currently accounts for more than 90% of all cotton grown in Pakistan. Pakistan offers a lot of potential for organic cotton cultivation, particularly in unconventional cotton-growing locations with low insect burdens. Climate change-induced high temperatures and water scarcity are a big worry because contemporary agriculture is practiced in areas that already experience very high temperatures. Phenotypic selection in breeding is ineffective in creating stress-tolerant cotton. Marker-assisted selection technologies have considerably increased the effectiveness of traditional breeding. Modern breeding techniques contributed to the development of novel cotton breeding strategies. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 and genome editing can establish a good foundation for improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses.
TIME MANAGEMENT (FUTURE) AS A MODERN MILESTONE IN THE EVOLUTION OF GEOPOLITICS. CHALLENGES IN THE NEW CIVILIZATION/ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԻ (ԱՊԱԳԱՅԻ) ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՈւՄԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ԱՇԽԱՐՀԱՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈւԹՅԱՆ ԷՎՈԼՈւՑԻԱՅԻ ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱԿԻՑ ՀԱՆԳՐՎԱՆ։ ՄԱՐՏՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐ ՆՈՐ ԱՇԽԱՐՀԱԿԱՐԳՈւՄ
Authors: Nersisyan A.
Published: January 2023

The content of the research problem stated in the article concerns the process of the formation of the new world order and its perspectives. The consideration of new geopolitical notions and processes aimed at the formation of this order sums up the aim of this research.
The relevance of the problem is difficult to overestimate, because it is the above-mentioned processes that condition the current reality in the context of the whole planet. In particular, the tendencies of formation of New World Order and the nature of already unfolding processes were considered in depth. These issues were discussed in the context of the new geopolitical content and tools that condition today's real politic, where the core is already the mastery of time.
In accordance with this, the necessity-justification of the project of the future, the importance for the full course of the Armenian civilization was presented.
/Հոդվածում առաջ քաշված հետազոտական խնդրի բովանդակությունը վերաբերում է Նոր Աշխարհակարգի ձևավորման ընթացքին և հեռանկարներին, որի կայացմանը միտված աշխարհաքաղաքական նոր պատկերացումների և գործընթացների տրամաբանության դիտարկումն էլ ամբողջացնում է սույն հետազոտության նպատակը։
Խնդրի այժմեականությունը դժվար է գերագնահատել, քանի որ հենց վերոնշյալ գործընթացներն էլ ամբողջ մոլորակի կտրվածքով պայմանավորում են ժամանակակից իրականությունը։
Համաձայն հետազոտության նպատակի՝ առաջադրվել և լուծվել են իրար հետ փոխկապակցված մի շարք հետազոտական խնդիրներ։ Մասնավորապես, խորքային առումով դիտարկվել են Նոր Աշխարհակարգի կայացման միտումները, արդեն իսկ ծավալվող գործընթացների բնույթը։ Նշված հարցերը քննարկվել են ժամանակակից real politik-ը պայմանավորող աշխարհաքաղաքական նոր բովանդակության ու գործիքակազմի համատեքստում, որտեղ առանցքն արդեն ժամանակի տիրապետումն է։ Ըստ այդմ՝ ներկայացվել է Հայկական քաղաքակրթության լիարժեք ընթացքի համար կարևոր՝ ապագայի մեր նախագծի ճարտարապետման անհրաժեշտություն-հիմնավորումը:
Sovereignty in International Law
Authors: Czubik Paweł
Published: January 2023

Sovereignty is a concept enshrined in the theory of international law. As an attribute of indepen- dent states, it constitutes the basis for their autonomous activities in the international legal space. Virtually the entire contemporary primary conceptual apparatus of jus gentium has been developed around this notion. The principle of the sovereignty of all states results in their mutual sovereign equality. Sovereignty of states is protected by the prohibition against intervening in their internal affairs and the prohibition on the use of force in international law. The state exercises its sovereign rights over the population in a given territory. Sovereignty is associated with the right to freely shape relations within the state, and it means legal independence from external factors. Freedom of action by sovereign states means, first of all, the freedom to conclude international agreements between states and to assume obligations. Such actions do not infringe on states’ sovereignty; rather, they are an expression of it whereby the state exercises its legal capacity. This is because only coerced actions undertaken against the will of a given entity could be perceived as an attack on a state’s sovereignty. Of course, the sovereignty of a state can be eliminated by its own free will—this entity may join (unite with) another state entity, thus losing its sovereignty. However, it is not possible to confer sovereignty on another entity as a result of activities consisting in the transfer of only a limited scope of state powers. Even the transfer of a part of territory under the administration of another state does not deprive the transferor of sovereignty over the territory, to which it is entitled under international law. States may also delegate their competences to other subjects of international law—other states (most often this is the case of microstates, which are unable to perform all standard functions of the state, especially in the field of external relations, economic management, or the administration of justice) or international organizations. Such a delegation of competences does not imply a revocation of sovereignty. It occurs by way of an international agreement between entities transferring compe- tences, or an agreement between the founding states of an international organization. At any time, the member states can withdraw the delegated competences or dissolve the organization. Even if the scope of the delegated competences is considerable and the organization begins to play an important role by assuming a supranational position in the area of the adopted internal law, it does not become a sovereign entity. Theories that suggest otherwise are essentially based on confusing the concept of sovereignty with the concept of competence.
‘Behind The Fence’ : An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Váradi-Csema Erika
Published: January 2023

The policy of a country’s legal area carries all the historical, legal history, political, socio-psychological, social, etc. the direct and indirect imprint of processes that it had to face in the past decades. This is also true for criminal policy. Moreover, there are few areas of law where the relationship between individual factors is so complex and multidirectional. The specific forms of state responses to crime and actions against behavior that offends or endangers society can change quickly, responding sensitively to society’s (perceived or real) expectations. After all, the basic phenomenon, the causes of crime, are also complex, and it is only possible to determine in retrospect which of the factors influencing illegal behavior played a specific role in its creation – at the same time, whether was the chosen criminal policy directions good. In the case of Central and East-European countries, however, there are common events that connect their past and present, and at the same time help us understand their responses to crime. Belonging to the former Soviet bloc can be considered as such – even if its ideological, political and economic influence was different in certain regimes. Similarly shared, mostly cataclysmic socio-psychological experience for the societies of these countries is system change and all its negative accompanying phenomena, from the economic crisis to the crisis of values and the loss of trust in state bodies. And although the accession to Council of Europe, and to the European Union (or its intention) provides a new common framework for the current existence of criminal policy, the strong demand for public safety remained a marked feature of this region.
The Impact of Economic Policy on Economic Crime
Authors: Madai Sándor
Published: January 2023

This study presents the parallelism of the characteristics of the economic crimes of the Central and Eastern-European countries participating in the project. That is, it notes aspects of criminal law that clearly show that such countries in the past decade employed (and still employ) similar regulatory principles, owing to reasons such as geographical proximity and others. This study provides an over- view of the regulatory directions of the countries after World War II, which, from the Soviet sphere of interest, were common. We then review the main steps in the field of action against economic crimes, which can be perceived as stemming from democratization. Notably, most of the examined countries are European Union members, and more countries want to join. Therefore, among the countries, the integration process indeed reveals a similar legal and political background. Consider- ing the limitations of the study, it was not possible to examine the changes in the regulations of each country in detail. Thus, we only tried to draw attention to the similarities of common processes and characteristics.
Slovakia: National Regulations in the Shadow of a Common Past
Authors: Ferenčíková Simona
Published: January 2023

This chapter is devoted to the basics of substantive criminal law and criminal procedural law in Slovakia. Its aim is to define criminal law in the Slovak legal system and to specify the basic areas of its regulation. The chapter focuses on the criminal law itself, its development, and the subject of regulation. Within the scope of substantive criminal law, it focuses on the concept of criminal liability of natural and legal persons and on the system of criminal sanctions, including alternative sanctions. Within the framework of criminal procedural law, it focuses on criminal proceedings, their purpose, basic principles, stages, and alternative punishment in the form of diversions. It also addresses enforcement proceedings, in which it refers to the basic principles of enforcement. It pays special attention to the issue of the prison system. Finally, the legal acts of the European Union, which determined the wording of Slovak criminal law, are discussed. Finally, it evaluates the criminal legislation in the context of the state’s criminal policy. The Slovak Republic is known for the strictness of its criminal codes, which is reflected, in particular, in the definition of antisocial behavior and its subsequent designation as crimes for which the Slovak legal system, in comparison with other legal systems in Europe, imposes some of the most severe penalties.
Slovenia: National Regulations in the Shadow of a Common Past
Authors: Kotnik Maja , Šepec Miha
Published: January 2023

For many years, until the country’s independence, Slovenian criminal law developed under the influ- ence of communism. With the new modern Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, it was necessary for the country to establish its own modern criminal law, which would no longer be tied to past communist patterns. Accordingly, both criminal procedural law and criminal substantive law have been revised. New Slovenian criminal law is based on the general principles, such as the principle of legitimacy and restricted repression in connection with the rule of law, the principle of humanity, the principle of individualization of criminal sanctions, the principle of legality, the principle of fairness of procedure, the principle of formality, the principle of material truth, the debate principal, the principle of free judgement of evidence, the principle of subjective or guilty responsibility, the principle in dubio pro reo, and finally, the assumption of innocence. In addition to these principles, Slovenian criminal law also rests on the general concept of criminal offense, which is formed by three key elements, namely the fulfillment of the nature of the offense, illegality, and guilt. All of the above represent the key pillars of Slovenian criminal law, making it fair, modern, and comparable to other criminal systems in European countries.
On the features of nomenklature corruption
Authors: Григорий Всеволодович Антонов-Романовский, , Дмитрий Константинович Чирков, , Виталий Сергеевич Кашин,
Published: January 2023

В статье раскрыт социальный механизм поражения коррупцией номенклатурной общности советского государственного аппарата. Показано искажение коррумпированной номенклатурной общностью хода реформ уже с началом перестройки. Коррумпированная часть номенклатурной общности первой извлекла реальную выгоду из начинавшихся преобразований. В ее интересах была изменена уголовная политика. Борьба с коррупцией в партийно-хозяйственном аппарате была свернута. На основе этой части исследования показана реальная возможность разрастания системной коррупции в современном российском аппарате государственного управления до масштабов, позволяющих ей влиять на внутреннюю политику государства.

The article reveals the social mechanism of defeat by corruption of the nomenklature community of the Soviet state apparatus. It shows the distortion of the course of reforms by the corrupt nomenclature already with the beginning of perestroika. The corrupt part of the nomenclature community was the first to benefit from the beginning of the reforms. In her interests, the criminal policy was changed. The fight against corruption in the party and economic apparatus was curtailed. Based on this part of the study, the article shows the real possibility of the growth of systemic corruption in the modern Russian public administration apparatus.
Criminal victimization of minors: state and development trends
Authors: Павел Борисович Афанасьев, , Георгий Феофилактович Коимшиди,
Published: January 2023

В целях криминологического исследования современной виктимизации несовершеннолетних и ее территориального распределения в Российской Федерации в 2021 году в статье был представлен криминологический анализ, основанный на официальных статистических данных ФКУ «ГИАЦ МВД России». Авторами установлена негативная тенденция роста числа несовершеннолетних потерпевших от преступлений, определены регионы с наибольшими и наименьшими темпами роста виктимизации несовершеннолетних, предложена типология регионов.

With the purpose of criminological knowledge of modern victimization of minors and its territorial distribution in the Russian Federation in 2021 the article presents the criminological analysis based on the official statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The authors established a negative trend of growth in the number of victims of juvenile crime, identified regions with the highest and lowest rates of growth in the victimization of minors, and proposed a typology of regions.
Russian youth in the system of countering cyber extremism
Authors: Василий Васильевич Бычков,
Published: January 2023

В статье приводятся результаты анонимного анкетирования школьников, студентов гражданских вузов, кадет и курсантов вузов в системе МВД России и СК России, проведенного Московской академией Следственного комитета Российской Федерации в рамках научного исследования по теме «Противодействие преступлениям экстремистской направленности, совершенным с использованием информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей, в том числе Интернета». Приведены статистические данные по преступлениям экстремистской направленности за период с 2004 по 2021 г. и преступлениям, совершаемым с использованием информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей, с 2017 по 2021 г. Определена степень понимания детьми и молодыми людьми терминов «политика», «раса», «идеология», «национализм», «религия», «социальная группа», «экстремизм», «молодежный экстремизм» и сущности экстремистской ненависти и вражды и экстремистского преступления, их умения различать ненависть и вражду политическую, расовую, идеологическую, национальную, религиозную, в отношении социальных групп. Сформулированы причины и условия совершения экстремистских деяний каждого вида. Предложены меры профилактики экстремизма всех видов.

The article presents the results of an anonymous survey of schoolchildren, students of civil universities and cadets of universities in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the IC of Russia conducted by the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation as part of a scientific study “Countering extremist crimes committed using information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet.” The author provides statistical data on extremist crimes for the period from 2004 to 2021 and crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks from 2017 to 2021. The article defines the degree of understanding by children and young people of the terms “politics, race, ideology, nationalism, religion, social group, extremism, youth extremism” and the essence of extremist hatred and enmity and extremist crime, their ability to identify hatred and enmity - political, racial, ideological, national, religious, in relation to social groups. The author formulates the reasons and conditions for the commission of extremist acts of each type and suggests measures to prevent extremism of all types.
Procedural control of the head of the investigative body in ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the preliminary investigation in criminal cases, which provide for the possibility of their consideration by a jury
Authors: Алексей Александрович Ильюхов,
Published: January 2023

В статье исследуются вопросы эффективности процессуального контроля по уголовным делам, которые в силу закона могут быть рассмотрены судом присяжных заседателей. Раскрываются и анализируются различные направления данного вида процессуальной деятельности, и отмечается, что часть из них, отраженная в ведомственных инструкциях, приказах и распоряжениях, отсутствует в уголовно-процессуальном законе. С учетом стадий досудебного производства полномочия руководителя следственного органа по процессуальному контролю за предварительным следствием классифицируются в зависимости от объекта и предмета процессуального контроля, исходя из направлений процессуального контроля и принимаемых решений. Методы: анализ, обобщение, сравнение, описание, системный анализ. Выводы: Решить проблему низкой эффективности процессуального контроля за качеством предварительного следствия по уголовным делам, которые в силу закона могут быть рассмотрены судом с участием присяжных заседателей, возможно, определив оптимальные механизмы применения форм процессуального контроля руководителями следственных подразделений Следственного комитета Российской Федерации в регионах. При этом сам процессуальный контроль должен носить упреждающий характер и отвечать требованиям систематичности и своевременности.

The article examines the effectiveness of procedural control in criminal cases, which, by virtue of the law, can be considered by a jury. The article reveals and analyzes various directions of this type of procedural activity, and notes that some of them, reflected in departmental instructions and orders, are not in the criminal procedure law. Taking into account the stages of pre-trial proceedings, the powers of the head of the investigative body for procedural control over the preliminary investigation are classified depending on the object and subject of procedural control, based on the directions of procedural control and decisions made. Methods: analysis, generalization, comparison, description, system analysis. Conclusions: It is possible to solve the problem of low efficiency of procedural control over the quality of preliminary investigation in criminal cases, which, by virtue of the law, can be considered by a court with the participation of jurors, by determining the optimal mechanisms for applying forms of procedural control by the heads of investigative units of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation in the regions. At the same time, the procedural control itself must be proactive and meet the requirements of consistency and timeliness.
Lie Algebra Contributions to Instantaneous Plane Kinematics
Authors: KARAKILIÇ İlhan , BAYRIL AYKUT Derya
Published: January 2023

Roth and Bottema obtain the instantaneous properties of a plane motion and its inverse motion by the instantaneous invariants depending on a canonical frame which was introduced in Veldkamp's dissertation(1963). We obtain the instantaneous invariants depending on the same frame by using Lie algebra of the plane motion.
Pauliceia em série: kitsch e desvairismo
Authors: Parisotto Ana Paula , Giorgi Artur de Vargas
Published: January 2023

“Minhas reivindicações? Liberdade” (Andrade 2019: 11). Em meio ao processo de modernização de São Paulo, processo repleto de contradições e conflitos, Mário de Andrade publica sua Pauliceia desvairada, obra complexa, que articula elementos da cultura de massa e da cultura popular para elaborar uma arte de vanguarda brasileira. Neste trabalho, propomos que o livro de 1922, tão próximo da lógica e da estética da reprodutibilidade técnica, pode ser entendido como uma via de estudo da emergência do kitsch no Brasil. Essa proposição se sustenta pela leitura de alguns poemas e do Prefácio interessantíssimo, mas também se ampara na elaboração teórica feita em A escrava que não é Isaura (1925) e no lançamento de Klaxon (1922). O que sobressai é a ambivalência das posições em jogo: em Mário de Andrade encontramos o desvairismo como defesa vanguardista e aristocrática de uma arte genuína; mas também notamos a emergência do kitsch, marcada pela sedução dos clichês e pelo mascaramento performático que, diante das massas, esvazia qualquer essência, dos sujeitos e dos objetos.
Hemoparasites in Didelphis aurita from Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Cordeiro Matheus Dias , Araújo Izabela Mesquita , Silva Claúdia Bezerra da , Guterres Alexandro , Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da , Baêta Bruna de Azevedo
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect species of the order Piroplasmida, such as Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., and Ehrlichia spp., circulating in the blood of Didelphis aurita in a peridomiciliary environment. Blood samples collected from big-eared opossum (Didelphis aurita) were screened for hemoparasites using PCR. The extracted DNA was tested for tick-borne hemoparasites. We were unable to detect hemoparasites, such as Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Borrelia spp. Theileria DNA was detected in only one sample screened using PCR for an approximately 650-base pair fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. Sequencing and BLAST analysis of a subset of the PCR amplicons revealed 97% (535/553 bp) identity with Theileria bicornis. The detection of Theileria sp. in D. aurita challenges us to pursue more in-depth studies of marsupial piroplasmosids and to evaluate the morphological aspects of the findings and their possible involvement in zoonoses.
Intervalo de referência de parâmetros bioquímicos de ovelhas lactantes nos trópicos
Authors: Schultz Erica Beatriz , Macedo Junior Gilberto de Lima , Oliveira Karla Alves , Siqueira Marco Túlio Santos , Conceição Aline Rabello , Sousa Luciano Fernandes
Published: January 2023

Objetivou-se estimar os intervalos de referência dos parâmetros bioquímicos de ovelhas lactantes nos trópicos. Foram compiladas informações de até 290 ovelhas lactantes no período de 2006 a 2017. Todos os animais eram saudáveis e não passaram por condições de desnutrição forçada. Os animais foram criados em diferentes sistemas de manejo (pasto, confinamento total, semiconfinamento, confinamento coletivo e/ou individual). O perfil bioquímico constituiu informações de colesterol, triglicerídeos, frutosamina, HDL (lipoproteína de alta densidade), VLDL (lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade), proteínas totais, ácido úrico, ureia, albumina, creatinina, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio, AST (aspartato aminotransferase), GGT (gama glutamil transferase) e fosfatase alcalina (FA). Os valores de referência foram estimados através do teste de Dixon, quando paramétrico e por boostrap quando não paramétrico, sendo o intervalo de confiança a 95% de probabilidade. Os intervalos estimados foram 36,3 - 94; 262,22 - 450,66; 7 - 43; 18,6 - 69,4; 1,4 - 8,4; 0,61 - 1,66; 5,4 - 11; 0 - 1,4; 8,4 - 61,5; 1,9 - 3,57 para colesterol, frutosanima, trigligeríceos, HDL, VLDL, creatinina, PT, ácido úrico, ureia e albumina, respectivamente. Para as enzimas e o perfil mineral foram 59 - 160; 37,9 - 127,8; 30 - 190; 8,23 - 12,45; 3,7 - 8,5; 1,7 - 3,8 para AST, GGT, FA, Ca, P, e Mg, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os parâmetros bioquímicos das ovelhas lactantes nos trópicos são discrepantes aos determinados na literatura.
Effect of good handling on stress indicators and behaviour in beef cattle
Authors: Jardim Carla Comerlato , Silveira Isabella Dias Barbosa , Restle João , Mendonça Fábio Souza , Bethancourt-Garcia Javier Alexander , Oliveira Roberson Macedo de , Moares Renata Espindola de , Reis Nathália Pasi , Vaz Ricardo Zambarda
Published: January 2023

Aspects related to good handling practices have significant impacts on animal behaviour with positive effects on the productivity and profitability of production systems. This study investigated the impact of good handling practices on the modification of stress indicators and the behaviour of beef cattle. Thirty-six male castrated bovines at the growth stage were evaluated for 490 days and submitted to two different production systems in Southern Brazil: good handling practices (GHP) and a traditional handling system of beef-cattle farming (THS). Body weight, reactivity indicators (flight distance and composite behaviour score), and blood indicators of stress (glucose and cortisol) were measured. An analysis of variance was carried out with measurements repeated over time, and Pearson's correlation applied between the variables mentioned above. No differences were found (P>0.05) for body weight in any of the evaluations, with initial weights of 196.2 and 196.3 kg and final weights of 431.0 and 413.8 kg for the GHP and THS steers, respectively. The GHP determined better values for the stress and behavioural indicators compared to THS (P<0.05). The flight distance of the GHP animals decreased from 11.33 to 5.22 metres from the first to the last evaluation, while in the THS animals the values were 10.17 and 11.89 metres, respectively. The behaviour composite score differed in the evaluations at 372 and 490 days, with values of 1.77 and 1.47 for GHP animals and values of 2.92 and 2.83 points for THS animals, respectively. Glucose and cortisol levels decreased with the advancing evaluations in GHP animals, with values from 94.80 to 74.22 mg/dL and from 6.08 to 3.68 µg/dL, respectively. In THS animals, glucose and cortisol levels were similar in the initial and final evaluations, with values of 89.30 and 91.28 mg/dL and 5.34 and 5.80 µg/dL, respectively. Regardless of the handling, the final body weight of the animals correlated negatively with the reactivity indicators and physiological stress indicators. The reactivity of the cattle is influenced by the quality of the human-animal interaction but has no effect on the performance of animals raised on pasture. Good handling practices reduce the reactivity and stress indicators of cattle.