bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Typology of Spa-Goers in Southern Spain
Authors: Anaya-Aguilar Rosa , Gemar German , Anaya-Aguilar Carmen
Published: March 2021

This study sought to obtain conglomerates of spa-goers in Andalusia, Spain, based on a survey of 10 spas’ users. The data from 725 valid survey questionnaires were analysed using a quantitative approach. The results show that 44.6% of users are between 65 and 88 years old and more than 60% are women. Approximately 50% of the respondents are retired, and 60% report a monthly income of less than 1000 euros. Three clusters were identified in the segmentation analysis: users with lower, partial and higher satisfaction. Over half (58%) of the respondents belong to the higher satisfaction segment. Thermal tourism evidently has a strong potential for attracting other tourist segments. Andalusia has thermal springs that attract many tourists, which are located in places of great natural beauty and are part of inland towns’ economic development. The findings confirm the need to improve the existing understanding of spa-user typologies. The benefits derived from health tourism can be analyzed from the concept of value proposition for the company, the user, the community and its environment. To generate income, spa companies must meet the expectations of stakeholders and this begins with an organization that constantly learns and innovates to satisfy users. The managers of the spas lead these projects, introducing important changes in their offer, from traditional medical aspects to facilities and therapies based on relaxation and sustainable natural tourism, promoting their organizations with sustained objectives over time capable of satisfying all stakeholders, creating value capable of attracting and satisfying the different segments of spa tourists, as this study shows.
Improvement of a Truss-Reinforced, Half-Concrete Slab Floor System for Construction Sustainability
Authors: Qi Jiarui , Yang Hsi-Chi
Published: March 2021

The truss-reinforced half-concrete slab has been widely used in prefabricated construction all over the world. It has become the most widely used prefabricated component form in China. However, its construction cost is higher than using the conventional construction method. To improve the half slab floor system, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the truss-reinforced half slab’s structural performance over its complete loading history. Six experimental tests on such slabs were carried out. Three of them were reinforced with a steel bar truss (SBT) and the other three with a steel tube/bar truss (STBT). The steel tube in an STBT was grouted. The results show that when the specimen is damaged, the grouted steel tube does not undergo out-of-plane or in-plane buckling, and its force performance is good when compared to the steel bar in SBT. Compared with the SBT-reinforced slab specimens, the load characteristic values of the STBT-reinforced slabs were significantly improved, and the slabs had greater initial stiffness and resistance to deformation. Due to the fact that good structural performance of the steel tube was observed, after having studied the half slab component design, a dry, prefabricated, STBT-reinforced half slab system that can reduce the volume of concrete and amount of steel used in the present slab system is proposed. The proposed system has the advantages of allowing easier construction, cost reduction, and reuse of the components afterward to make the prefabrication construction more sustainable.
The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers
Authors: Ni Jing , Hao Gang-Lai , Chen Jia-Qi , Ma Lei , Geng Xue-Yu
Published: March 2021

Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand–clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand–clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand–clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand–kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand–bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand–kaolin mixtures and sand–bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand–kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG–clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon.
Demographic Changes in Slovak Roma Communities in the New Millennium
Authors: Nestorová Dická Janetta
Published: March 2021

The study identifies the Roma population’s demographic specifics in Slovakia and graphically depicts the current situation and ongoing developments. The research methodology consisted of sociological surveys and data from secondary sources, including “The Statistical Office” and previous research on this issue. Demographic analysis from 1996 to 2018 was performed on the Roma study sample, and population changes were examined separately based on the degree of concentration in Slovak municipalities. The particular emphasis here is placed on those with a Roma population proportion of at least 80%. The new millennium indicates changes in the Roma population’s reproductive behavior, with a decline in birth rate, fertility, and population growth. Moreover, the increased average life expectancy signals an improved mortality rate, especially during childhood. While these changes do not indicate a reduction or stabilization of the growth of the Roma population in Slovakia, population growth is slightly declining due to changes in the reproductive behavior of Roma women, which is a positive indicator of social emancipation. The work provides valuable insight into the main demographic features of behavior and changes in the behavior and population development of the Roma ethnic group in Slovakia.
Is There a Symmetry in Disease Control and Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Biological Therapy?
Authors: Tachkov Konstantin , Boyadzhieva Vladimira , Stoilov Nikolay , Mitov Konstantin , Petrova Guenka
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze and compare the disease activity control and quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with biological products in real-life settings. We tried to determine whether there is a symmetry in the performance of the biological molecules between each other and with the first Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. This is an observational, longitudinal, real-life study performed in the biggest rheumatology clinic during the period 2012–2020 comparing quality of life, cost of therapy, and disease control via different clinical measures. In all three disease activities measurement instruments, we observed an improvement for all biologic and target synthetic medicines. The disease activity score (DAS28) score decreased from 5.06 to 3.01, on average, for all INNs, suggesting that the majority of patients move away from moderate to low disease activity. The clinical disease activity index (CDAI) score decreased from 25.9 to 9.4, also indicating that patients with moderate disease activity reached a low level of activity. Similar results are reflected in the score, which fell from 27.7 to 10.3, again confirming the improvement to a low level of disease activity for patients treated with all INNs. Logically, with the successful control of disease activity, the quality of life (QoL) of the observed patients improved from 0.77 to 0.83 after a one-year follow up, as measured with the EuroQuol 5D-3L (EQ5D). Based on these results, we can consider that the observed biological INNs perform symmetrically in terms of the control of disease activity and improvement in the QoL of the observed patients. Biological therapy improves the disease control and quality of life of suitable patients with RA in real-life settings. All available biological therapies could be used interchangeably.
Partitioning Pattern of Natural Products Based on Molecular Properties Descriptors Representing Drug-Likeness
Authors: Nedyalkova Miroslava , Simeonov Vasil
Published: March 2021

A cheminformatics procedure for a partitioning model based on 135 natural compounds including Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Terpenes and Triterpenes with drug-like features based on a descriptors pool was developed. The knowledge about the applicability of natural products as a unique source for the development of new candidates towards deadly infectious disease is a contemporary challenge for drug discovery. We propose a partitioning scheme for unveiling drug-likeness candidates with properties that are important for a prompt and efficient drug discovery process. In the present study, the vantage point is about the matching of descriptors to build the partitioning model applied to natural compounds with diversity in structures and complexity of action towards the severe diseases, as the actual SARS-CoV-2 virus. In the times of the de novo design techniques, such tools based on a chemometric and symmetrical effect by the implied descriptors represent another noticeable sign for the power and level of the descriptors applicability in drug discovery in establishing activity and target prediction pipeline for unknown drugs properties.
Control Charts for Joint Monitoring of the Lognormal Mean and Standard Deviation
Authors: Huang Wei-Heng
Published: March 2021

The Shewhart X¯- and S-charts are most commonly used for monitoring the process mean and variability based on the assumption of normality. However, many process distributions may follow a positively skewed distribution, such as the lognormal distribution. In this study, we discuss the construction of three combined X¯- and S-charts for jointly monitoring the lognormal mean and the standard deviation. The simulation results show that the combined lognormal X¯- and S-charts are more effective when the lognormal distribution is more skewed. A real example is used to demonstrate how the combined lognormal X¯- and S-charts can be applied in practice.
Midpoint Inequalities in Fractional Calculus Defined Using Positive Weighted Symmetry Function Kernels
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Aydi Hassen , Kashuri Artion , Hamed Y. S. , Abualnaja Khadijah M.
Published: March 2021

The aim of our study is to establish, for convex functions on an interval, a midpoint version of the fractional HHF type inequality. The corresponding fractional integral has a symmetric weight function composed with an increasing function as integral kernel. We also consider a midpoint identity and establish some related inequalities based on this identity. Some special cases can be considered from our main results. These results confirm the generality of our attempt.
BoNT-A for Post-Stroke Spasticity: Guidance on Unmet Clinical Needs from a Delphi Panel Approach
Authors: Baricich Alessio , Wein Theodore , Cinone Nicoletta , Bertoni Michele , Picelli Alessandro , Chisari Carmelo , Molteni Franco , Santamato Andrea
Published: March 2021

There is extensive literature supporting the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) for the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, however, there remain gaps in the routine management of patients with post-stroke spasticity. A panel of 21 Italian experts was selected to participate in this web-based survey Delphi process to provide guidance that can support clinicians in the decision-making process. There was a broad consensus among physicians that BoNT-A intervention should be administered as soon as the spasticity interferes with the patients’ clinical condition. Patients monitoring is needed over time, a follow-up of 4–6 weeks is considered necessary. Furthermore, physicians agreed that treatment should be offered irrespective of the duration of the spasticity. The Delphi consensus also stressed the importance of patient-centered goals in order to satisfy the clinical needs of the patient regardless of time of onset or duration of spasticity. The findings arising from this Delphi process provide insights into the unmet needs in managing post-stroke spasticity from the clinician’s perspective and provides guidance for physicians for the utilization of BoNT-A for the treatment of post-stroke spasticity in daily practice.
Bat Influenza Viruses: Current Status and Perspective
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Schountz Tony , Ma Wenjun
Published: March 2021

Bats are natural reservoirs for many viruses, including several that are zoonotic. Two unusual H17N10 and H18N11 influenza viruses have been found in New World bats. Although neither of these viruses have been isolated, infectious clone technology has permitted significant progress to understand their biology, which include unique features compared to all other known influenza A viruses. In addition, an H9N2-like influenza A virus was isolated from Old World bats and it shows similar characteristics of normal influenza A viruses. In this review, current status and perspective on influenza A viruses identified in bats is reviewed and discussed.
Spatial Analysis of the 2017 Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Disease and Physiographic Region in the Eastern United States
Authors: Casey Christine L. , Rathbun Stephen L. , Stallknecht David E. , Ruder Mark G.
Published: March 2021

Hemorrhagic disease (HD) is considered one of the most significant infectious diseases of white-tailed deer in North America. Investigations into environmental conditions associated with outbreaks suggest drought conditions are strongly correlated with outbreaks in some regions of the United States. However, during 2017, an HD outbreak occurred in the Eastern United States which appeared to be associated with a specific physiographic region, the Appalachian Plateau, and not drought conditions. The objective of this study was to determine if reported HD in white-tailed deer in 2017 was correlated with physiographic region. There were 456 reports of HD from 1605 counties across 26 states and 12 physiographic regions. Of the 93 HD reports confirmed by virus isolation, 76.3% (71/93) were identified as EHDV-2 and 66.2% (47/71) were from the Appalachian Plateau. A report of HD was 4.4 times more likely to occur in the Appalachian Plateau than not in 2017. Autologistic regression models suggested a statistically significant spatial dependence. The underlying factors explaining this correlation are unknown, but may be related to a variety of host, vector, or environmental factors. This unique outbreak and its implications for HD epidemiology highlight the importance for increased surveillance and reporting efforts in the future.
Intratumoral Virotherapy with Wild-Type Newcastle Disease Virus in Carcinoma Krebs-2 Cancer Model
Authors: Yurchenko Kseniya S. , Glushchenko Alexandra V. , Gulyaeva Marina A. , Bi Yuhai , Chen Jianjun , Shi Weifeng , Adamenko Lyubov S. , Shestopalov Alexander M.
Published: March 2021

The results of experimental and clinical trials of the agents based on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains provided hope for the development of virotherapy as a promising method for treating human tumors. However, the mechanism of the antitumor effect of NDV and realization of its cytotoxic potential in a cancer cell remains to be elucidated. In the current work, we have studied the antitumor effect of NDV in a syngeneic model of mouse Krebs-2 carcinoma treated with intratumoral injections of a wild-type strain NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011. Virological methods were used for preparation of a virus-containing sample. Colorimetric MTS assay was used to assess the viability of Krebs-2 tumor cells infected with a viral strain in vitro. In vivo virotherapy was performed in eight-week-old male BALB/c mice treated with serial intratumoral injections of NDV in an experimental model of Krebs-2 solid carcinoma. Changes in the tumor nodes of Krebs-2 carcinoma after virotherapy were visualized by MRI and immunohistological staining. Light microscopy examination, immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses have shown that intratumoral viral injections contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth, appearance of necrosis-like changes in the tumor tissue and the antiangiogenic effect of the virus. It has been established that a course of intratumoral virotherapy with NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011 strain in a mouse Krebs-2 carcinoma resulted in increased destructive changes in the tumor tissue, in the volume density of necrotic foci and numerical density of endothelial cells expressing CD34 and VEGFR. These results indicate that intratumoral NDV injection reduces tumor progression of an aggressive tumor.
Cumulative Effects of Particulate Matter Pollution and Meteorological Variables on the Risk of Influenza-Like Illness
Authors: Toczylowski Kacper , Wietlicka-Piszcz Magdalena , Grabowska Magdalena , Sulik Artur
Published: March 2021

The cold season is usually accompanied by an increased incidence of respiratory infections and increased air pollution from combustion sources. As we are facing growing numbers of COVID-19 cases caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, an understanding of the impact of air pollutants and meteorological variables on the incidence of respiratory infections is crucial. The incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) can be used as a close proxy for the circulation of influenza viruses. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 has also been detected in patients with ILI. Using distributed lag nonlinear models, we analyzed the association between ILI, meteorological variables and particulate matter concentration in Bialystok, Poland, from 2013–2019. We found an exponential relationship between cumulative PM2.5 pollution and the incidence of ILI, which remained significant after adjusting for air temperatures and a long-term trend. Pollution had the greatest effect during the same week, but the risk of ILI was increased for the four following weeks. The risk of ILI was also increased by low air temperatures, low absolute humidity, and high wind speed. Altogether, our results show that all measures implemented to decrease PM2.5 concentrations would be beneficial to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Isolated from Immunized Rabbits Define Novel Vulnerable Spike-Protein Epitope
Authors: Makdasi Efi , Levy Yinon , Alcalay Ron , Noy-Porat Tal , Zahavy Eran , Mechaly Adva , Epstein Eyal , Peretz Eldar , Cohen Hila , Bar-On Liat , Chitlaru Theodor , Cohen Ofer , Glinert Itai , Achdout Hagit , Israely Tomer , Rosenfeld Ronit , Mazor Ohad
Published: March 2021

Monoclonal antibodies represent an important avenue for COVID-19 therapy and are routinely used for rapid and accessible diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants emphasized the need to enlarge the repertoire of antibodies that target diverse epitopes, the combination of which may improve immune-diagnostics, augment the efficiency of the immunotherapy and prevent selection of escape-mutants. Antigen-specific controlled immunization of experimental animals may elicit antibody repertoires that significantly differ from those generated in the context of the immune response mounted in the course of disease. Accordingly, rabbits were immunized by several recombinant antigens representing distinct domains of the viral spike protein and monoclonal antibodies were isolated from single cells obtained by cell sorting. Characterization of a panel of successfully isolated anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-N-terminal domain (NTD) antibodies demonstrated that they exhibit high specificity and affinity profiles. Anti-RBD antibodies revealing significant neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro were found to target at least three distinct epitopes. Epitope mapping established that two of these antibodies recognized a novel epitope located on the surface of the RBD. We suggest that the antibodies isolated in this study are useful for designing SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and therapy approaches.
Virus Evolution and Neutralization Sensitivity in an HIV-1 Subtype B′ Infected Plasma Donor with Broadly Neutralizing Activity
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Zou Sen , Wang Zheng , Liu Ying , Ren Li , Hao Yanling , Sun Shasha , Hu Xintao , Ruan Yuhua , Ma Liying , Shao Yiming , Hong Kunxue
Published: March 2021

We sought to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and neutralization sensitivity of viruses in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B′ infected plasma donor with broadly neutralizing activity, which may provide information for new broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) isolation and immunogen design. A total of 83 full-length envelope genes were obtained by single-genome amplification (SGA) from the patient’s plasma at three consecutive time points (2005, 2006, and 2008) spanning four years. In addition, 28 Env-pseudotyped viruses were constructed and their neutralization sensitivity to autologous plasma and several representative bNAbs were measured. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these env sequences formed two evolutionary clusters (Cluster I and II). Cluster I viruses vanished in 2006 and then appeared as recombinants two years later. In Cluster II viruses, the V1 length and N-glycosylation sites increased over the four years of the study period. Most viruses were sensitive to concurrent and subsequent autologous plasma, and to bNAbs, including 10E8, PGT121, VRC01, and 12A21, but all viruses were resistant to PGT135. Overall, 90% of Cluster I viruses were resistant to 2G12, while 94% of Cluster II viruses were sensitive to 2G12. We confirmed that HIV-1 continued to evolve even in the presence of bNAbs, and two virus clusters in this donor adopted different escape mechanisms under the same humoral immune pressure.
Achieving Influenza Vaccine Uptake Target in Canada via a Pharmacy-Led Telephone Discussion during the 2019–2020 Season
Authors: Strain William David , Mansi James , Boikos Constantina , Boivin Michael , Fisher William A.
Published: March 2021

Older adults (≥65 years) are at elevated risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Many developed countries do not achieve the World Health Organization influenza immunization target of 75% in people ≥65 years. We aimed to determine whether a brief pharmacy phone call could increase vaccine uptake of standard and enhanced influenza. Twenty-eight community pharmacists across Canada performed a telephone consultation with 643 older adults whose primary care records indicated that they had not received their influenza vaccination from their usual practitioner. Of these 643 adults, 169 (26.3%) had been vaccinated in another setting. Of the remaining 474, 313 (66%) agreed to receive the vaccine. Of those who refused vaccination, 69 provided a rationale for not wanting it, including that the flu shot “causes the flu” (n = 25), “doesn’t work” (n = 25), “is too painful” (n = 10), and other (n = 10). Overall, of the 643 individuals who had not received their vaccination from their usual health care provider in the first wave of vaccinations, 75.4% (n = 485) ultimately received their vaccination in the 2019–2020 season. This highlights the important role of the community pharmacist in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for vaccination.
Assistance to young people in choosing a profession on the example of the activities of youth clubs in St. Petersburg
Authors: Redyuk Anna , Belyaeva Victoria
Published: March 2021

One of the most important decisions that a person makes in their life is the choice of profession and career path, which will determine the quality of their entire life. A young person should choose a future profession, an appropriate educational institution, and be prepared for possible changes in the path of their professional development in connection with the General socio-economic changes in the country. This article is devoted to this problem.
NEET-youth and their participation in protest activities as a factor of possible «color revolutions»
Authors: Kostenko Valery , Kozachok Vasiliy
Published: March 2021

The article attempts to analyze such a new youth group for Russia as NEET-youth. The example of European countries, which were the first to experience such a problem, explores the mechanisms of inclusion of young people in the NEET-youth group, family risks and social prerequisites, special features that characterize the stay of young people in the NEET group. An analysis of political and socio-economic preferences has been carried out. The state of NEET-youth group in modern Russia has been studied. The involvement of NEET-youth in virtual and real protest actions organized and carried out by various opposition youth social organizations and groups is described. The conclusion of increased risk for NEET youth group members and potential involvement in «color revolutions» is justified.
DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN POST-SOVIET PROTESTANTISM
Authors: Synii Valentyn
Published: March 2021

The emergence of Baptist seminaries in Ukraine was influenced by Western churches or missions and in some cases by the Ukrainian diaspora, which had lived outside Ukraine for a long time. The decisive influence was exerted by representatives of churches, educational institutions and Christian universities in the United States. Seminaries went through a number of stages of their own development, during which the forms of collective leadership changed. The first stage is the emergence of seminaries and the harmonization of seminars to unified standards. In the first stage, immediately after the seminary was established, they had very friendly relations with local churches, the programs were very flexible and responded to the needs of the churches. Church leaders saw these initiatives as part of church ministry. The second stage is the extensive development of seminaries, by which the author means the involvement of additional resources in the work of seminaries and the growth of seminaries, associated with the number of students, and for some seminaries - the opening of branches or field programs. This type of growth was also due to the fact that seminaries began to become more independent of national churches, and partnerships with Western organizations became more formalized, which was most often seen in the participation of Western partners in the board of trustees. The third period is a reassessment of the work of seminaries. The beginning of this period is largely related to the global economic crisis of 2007-2008, and its result was the resumption of dialogue between seminaries and churches. The fourth period - institutional changes - is associated with the reaction of the Ukrainian state to the Bologna process and the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education". The process of preparation for state accreditation and formation of a culture of openness in the national educational environment has begun.
Role of Virus-Specific T Cell Therapy for Cytomegalovirus and BK Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Parajuli Sandesh , Jorgenson Margaret , Meyers Ross O. , Djamali Arjang , Galipeau Jacques
Published: March 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus (BKV) are common viral infections after kidney transplant. Their negative effects on patient and graft outcomes have been well described. However, despite improvement in screening and prophylaxis strategies, CMV and BKV continue to negatively affect both short- and long-term graft survival. Adequate cell-mediated immunity is essential for the control and prevention of opportunistic viral infections, such as CMV and BKV. Therefore, immune reconstitution, in particular T cell recovery, is a key factor in antiviral control after kidney transplantation. Cell-based immunotherapy offers an attractive alternative approach to traditional interventions. Adoptive T cell transfer, via infusions of allogeneic virus-specific T lymphocytes is capable of restoring virus-specific T cell immunity, and are safe and effective in the treatment of viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this article, we review the emerging role of virus-specific T cell therapy in the management of CMV and BKV after kidney transplantation. On the basis of the available data, virus-specific T cell therapy may be a promising addition to the antiviral treatment armamentarium after kidney transplantation. Future studies are needed to more clearly define the efficacy and risks of virus-specific T cell therapy in the kidney transplant population.
Sisplatinin Neden Olduğu Nefrotoksisite Ve Ultrastrüktürel Hasar Üzerine Kurkuminin Koruyucu Etkisi
Authors: BİRİNCİ Hülya , ŞEN HALICIOĞLU Büşra , ÖZTATLICI Mustafa , YÜNCÜ Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Antineoplastik bir ajan olan sisplatinin önemli yan etkilerinden biri de nefrotoksisitedir. Sisplatin böbrek genel yapısının bozulmasına ve fonksiyon kaybına sebep olur. Böbrekte glomerüler filtrasyonun düşmesine, serum kreatininin yükselmesine, serum potasyum ve magnezyum seviyelerinin düşmesine ve iskemik-nekrotik hasara yol açmaktadır. Kurkuminin, antioksidan, antifibrojenik, antikanserojenik ve antiinflamatuvar özellikleri vardır. Bu çalışmada, sıçanlarda, sisplatinin böbreklerde yaptığı hasara karşı kurkuminin koruyucu etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Wistar albino cinsi 26 erişkin sıçan 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna 6 gün boyunca DMSO intraperitoneal (i.p.) olarak verildi. Sisplatin grubuna 3. gün 20 mg/kg sisplatin i.p. olarak tek doz uygulandı. Kurkumin grubuna 6 gün boyunca günde 200 mg/kg kurkumin i.p. olarak verildi. Sisplatin +kurkumin grubuna 6 gün boyunca günde 200 mg/kg kurkumin ve 3. gün tek doz 20 mg/kg sisplatin i.p. olarak verildi. Sıçanlar 7. gün sakrifiye edildi. Alınan böbrek dokularında ışık ve elektron mikroskopik değerlendirmelerin yanı sıra biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı.

Bulgular: Yalnızca kurkumin verdiğimiz grupta herhangi bir hasar yoktu ve kontrol grubundakilere benzerdi. Sisplatin verilen grupta ise renal kortekste konjesyon, intraselüler kastlar ve tübüler nekroz izlendi. Ancak kurkumin+sisplatin grubunda bu hasarlar azaldı ve dokudaki genel hücre organizasyonunun normale yakın olduğu gözlendi.

Sonuç: Sisplatinin neden olduğu nefrotoksisiteye karşı kurkuminin koruyucu bir ajan olabileceği önerilmektedir.
An Air-to-Soil Transition Model for Discrete Scattering-Emission Modelling at L-Band
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zeng Yijian , Wen Jun , Wang Xin , Wang Zuoliang , Meng Xianhong , Su Zhongbo
Published: March 2021

Topsoil structures and inhomogeneous distribution of moisture in the soil volume will induce dielectric discontinuities from air to bulk soil, which in turn may induce multiple and volume scattering and affect the microwave surface emission.
In situ
ELBARA-III L-band radiometer observations of brightness temperature

T

B

p

(

p

=H or V polarization) at the Maqu site on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau are exploited to understand the effect of surface roughness on coherent and incoherent emission processes. Assisted with
in situ
soil moisture (SM) and temperature profile measurements, this study develops an air-to-soil transition (ATS) model that incorporates the dielectric roughness (i.e., resulted from fine-scale topsoil structures and the soil volume) characterized by SM and geometric roughness effects, and demonstrates the necessity of the ATS model for modelling L-band

T

B

p

. The Wilheit (1978) coherent and Lv et al. (2014) incoherent models are compared for determining the dielectric constant of bulk soil in the ATS zone and for calculating soil effective temperature

T

eff

. The Tor Vergata discrete scattering model (TVG) integrated with the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) is used as the baseline model configuration for simulating L-band

T

B

p

. Whereafter, the ATS model is integrated with the foregoing model for assessing its performance. Results show the ATS-based models reduce the underestimation of

T

B

p

(≈20-50 K) by the baseline simulations. Being dynamic in nature, the proposed dielectric roughness parameterization in the ATS model significantly improves the ability in interpreting

T

B

p

dynamics, which is important for improving SM retrieval at the global scale.
The Teaching Method of Science Subject in Primary Schools Based on Students’ Competency Development: Results From a Field Study
Authors: Van Hong Bui , Doan Thi Ngan
Published: March 2021

Renovating the General Education Curriculum is one of the most important goals of the education renovation in Vietnam at the present. Particularly, the renovation of teaching methods has been receiving increasing attention during the past few years. This originates from the growing demands for social developments and the inadequacies of the current General Education curriculum. This article explores the current teaching methods used to teach the science subject with an orientation toward the development of students’ competencies in primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This scientific and objective account will provide the foundation for improving teaching methods, enhancing the quality of science education in primary schools with an orientation toward students’ competency development to meet the demands for the renovation of the General Education Curriculum at the primary level.
СОЦИЈАЛНИ СТАТУС ВОЈНИХ СВЕШТЕНИКА СРПСКЕ ВОЈСКЕ 1839–1918.
SOCIAL STATUS OF SERBIAN MILITARY CHAPLAINS, 1839–1918
Authors: Милкић Миљан
Published: March 2021

Апстракт:

У чланку се анализира социјално порекло, образовна структура, финансијска примања и личне способности војних свештеника у војсци Кнежевине и Краљевине Србије. Аутор анализира како су статусна питања војних свештеника утицала на њихов углед у српској војсци као и на њихов положај у српском друштву. Посебну пажњу аутор посвећује положају војних свештеника током Првог светског рата када су дошле до изражаја негативне последице укидања службе сталних војних свештеника. Чланак је написан на основу докумената из Војног архива у Београду, објављених нормативних докумената и литературе на српском и енглеском језику.

Кључне речи:

војни свештеници, војска Кнежевине/Краљевине Србије, социјални статус, статусна питања, социјално порекло, образовна структура.
FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIALE PADA ANAK USIA 5-12 TAHUN
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan , Musniati Nia
Published: March 2021

Asma merupakan golongan penyakit yang sulit disembuhkan. Penyakit yang mengenai saluran pernafasan ini sangat mengganggu kualitas para penderitanya. Penderita asma akan merasakan keterbatasan aktifitas baik ringan, sedang maupun berat tergantung pada derajat asma yang dideritanya. Prevalensi asma di Indonesia untuk daerah pedesaan 4,3% dan perkotaan 6,5% dan prevalensi penyakit asma di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2007 adalah 3%. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui beberapa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asma bronkial pada anak usia 5-12 tahun di Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BKPM) Wilayah Salatiga. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 penderita asma bronkial pada anak usia 5-12 tahun sebagai (kasus) dan 15 yang tidak menderita asma bronkial pada anak usia 5-12 tahun sebagai (kontrol) di BKPM Salatiga.yang datang berobat pada bulan November tahun 2012 sampai Bulan Januari tahun 2013 sehingga jumlah 30 populasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Univariat dan Bivariat.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kejadian asma bronkiale pada anak usia 5-12 tahun di BKPM Kota Salatiga dengan kepemilikan binatang peliharaan (p value =0,043), paparan asap rokok (p value =0,001) dan riwayat asma bronkiale (p value=0,000).
Jean Barbier-en Piarres XX. mendearen lehen erdiko euskal eleberrigintzan
Authors: Toledo Lezeta Ana M.
Published: March 2021

Jean Barbierren Piarres I (1926) eta Piarres II (1929) idazlanak aztertzen dira, XX. mendearen lehen erdiko euskal eleberrigintzan kokatuz. XIX. mendearen amaieratik, mende erdi luzean argitaratutako eleberri guztiak bat datoz erabilitako langaiak eratzeko moduan, baita adierazitako mundu-ikuskeran ere, baina Barbierrek badakar ezezagun zen osagairik: dela, aldi horretan gerrako ibilerez jardun zuen lehen eta azken eleberrigilea izatea, dela elkarren hizkuntza ulertzen ez zuten pertsonaiak borrokaren alderdi berdinean jartzea, dela herrikide eta kanpotarren artean muga berriak jartzea edo gizakia Jainkoak gobernatzen duela nabarmendu izana.
Esteve Materraren Do(c)trina Christiana (1617 &1623). Edizioa eta azterketa. (Dorota Krajewska y otros)
Authors: Oihartzabal Beñat
Published: March 2021

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Word order and syntactic asymmetries in Basque modal constructions
Authors: Etxepare Igiñitz Ricardo , Uribe-Etxebarria Myriam
Published: March 2021

This work focuses on a subset of modal constructions in Basque: those involving the necessity modal behar (‘need/must’/‘have to’). Behar can take either a DP or an uninflected clause as its complement. Uninflected clauses can, in some varieties of Basque, naturally occur preceding or following the predicate. Etxepare and Uribe-Etxebarria (2009) show that the differences in word order correlate with a number of intriguing syntactic asymmetries. In this paper, we extend the relevant observations to include modal stacking, as well as the effect of complement-internal left peripheral elements in the availability of agreement with the matrix auxiliary, which we show to be different for Person and Number agreement.
Menpeko perpausetako hitz azentugabeen foku azentuaz
Authors: Elordieta Arantzazu , Elordieta Altzibar Gorka , Hualde José Ignacio
Published: March 2021

Lan honetan Lekeitioko hizkeran menpeko perpausetako azentu nagusia non kokatzen den aztertzen dugu, asimetria interesgarri bat erakutsiz. -ela perpaus barruan dagoen aditzaren aurreko hitz azentugabeak foku azentua jaso dezakeen bitartean, -en, -enean, -enétik, -elako perpaus barrukoak ezin du azentua eraman. Enpirikoki baieztatu dugu kontrastea gertatu egiten dela, eta kontrastea azaltzeko proposatzen dugu auzia ez datzala osagarri-adjunktu bereizketan, baizik eta zein fase-eremu sintaktikoari eragiten dion azentu ezarketak menpeko perpausetan. Horretarako, iradokitzen dugu -ela izan ezik, beste konplementatzaileak posposiziodunak direla eta, ondorioz, fase desberdinetan ezartzen dela azentua.
Las Posibilidades para la Experiencia de la Representación Escénica como Práctica de Ocio dentro de la “Nueva Normalidad” Mexicana Pospandémica
Authors: Torres Karla Ysolina Uriarte
Published: March 2021

El siguiente texto tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de vivenciar la representación escénica previamente concebida para el espacio físico dentro del espacio virtual establecido durante el aislamiento ocasionado por la pandemia del COVID-19 en México, con la finalidad de vislumbrar algunas de sus posibilidades dentro de su Nueva Normalidad. Esto, por medio de un dialogo entre sus características técnicas y tecnológicas, los hábitos establecidos previamente al respecto y la factibilidad del consumo digital dentro de la sociedad mexicana. Observándose como resultado, una dificultad para implementar un espacio exclusivamente virtual para su práctica dentro de la Nueva Normalidad, especialmente, cuando sólo 56.4% de los mexicanos (as) dispone de acceso a internet.
A Study The Effect Of Coating Polystyrene, Znpc, And Annealing Process On The Resonant Frequency Of Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Juwita Fifin Tresna , Robiandi Fadli , Masruroh Masruroh , Sakti Setyawan P. , Djoko D.J. D.H
Published: March 2021

The performance, sensitivity, and corrosion protection on the QCM sensor requirement be improved to maximize the value. Therefore, the functional material coating was carried out. The addition of the polystyrene and ZnPc deposited using the vacuum evaporation method. This study intends to the morphology structure and effect of the coating, to improve performance through the annealing process based on the impedance value at QCM. The frequency measurement before and after the coating process was carried out with a variation of the deposition time, which is 1 minute 30 seconds, 1 minute 45 second, 2 minutes, 2 minute 20 seconds, and 4 minutes. The coating and annealing resulted from the surface structure of the QCM sensor are smooth, small porous, and homogeneous. In addition, the impedance to frequency graph indicates a low damping effect means the QCM sensor does not respond viscoelasticity.
Concept and Economic Evaluation of Prescriptive Maintenance Strategies for an Automated Condition Monitoring System
Authors: Meissner Robert , Meyer Hendrik , Wicke Kai
Published: March 2021

In order to reduce operating costs and increase the operational stability, the aviation industry is continuously introducing digital technologies to automate the state detection of their assets and derive maintenance decisions. Thus, many industry efforts and research activities have focused on an early state fault detection and the prediction of system failures. Since research has mainly been limited to the calculation of remaining useful lifetimes (RUL) and has neglected the impact on surrounding processes, changes on the objectives of the involved stakeholders, resulting from these technologies, have hardly been addressed in existing work. However, to comprehensibly evaluate the potential of a fault diagnosis and failure prognosis system, including its effects on adjacent maintenance processes, the condition monitoring system’s maturity level needs to be taken into account, expressed for example through the technology’s automation degree or the prognostic horizon (PH) for reliable failure projections. In this paper, we present key features of an automatic condition monitoring architecture for the example of a Tire Pressure Indication System (TPIS). Furthermore, we develop a prescriptive maintenance strategy by modeling the involved stakeholders of aircraft and line maintenance operations with their functional dependencies. Subsequently, we estimate the expected implications for a small aircraft fleet with the introduction of such a monitoring system with various levels of technological maturity. Additionally, we calculate the maintenance cost savings potential for different measurement strategies and compare these results to the current state-of-the-art maintenance approach. To estimate the effects of implementing an automated condition monitoring system, we use a discrete-event, agentbased simulation setup with an exemplary flight schedule and a simulated time span of 30 calendar days. The obtained results allow a comprehensive estimation of the maintenance related implications on airline operation and provide key aspects in the development of an airline’s prescriptive maintenance strategy.
Dampak COVID-19 terhadap Aktivitas Sosial Masyarakat Di Kota Lubuklinggau
Authors: Anisa Ramelia Dwi , Rusdinal Rusdinal , Firman Firman
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus Diseases (Covid-19) is one of the many viruses that can attack humans, ranging from those without symptoms, with mild symptoms to severe symptoms. What is known is that the incubation period for Covid-19 in the human body ranges from 5-6 days and the longest incubation period is 14 days. In the current Covid-19 era, there are a lot of social activities in society that are not disturbed and cannot even be done to anticipate the spread of Covid-19 in their neighborhood. There are also community activities that have undergone changes and concerts must be carried out as a result of Covid-19. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of Covid-19 on the social activities of the people of Lubuklinggau City. This research uses descriptive field research with qualitative research methods. The data techniques used in this study were observation, documentation and interviews and used descriptive analysis methods as data analysis techniques. The results obtained from the impact are anything that arises as a result of changes that occur in people's lives and can produce a change with a positive impact and a negative impact on the survival of the community. The results obtained in conducting research related to the impact of Covid-19 on community activities, the authors found that there are impacts that arise as a result of the existence of Covid-19, both positive and negative impacts that appear in the midst of society today
Memori Episodik sebagai Terra Incognita yang Membatasi Neuroteknologi
Authors: Ramadhanty Siti Azri Ulmi , Albertus Harsawibawa
Published: March 2021

Salah satu implikasi perkembangan ilmu saraf adalah neuroteknologi. Awalnya, neuroteknologi bertujuan untuk mengatasi disfungsi otak, seperti mengatasi gangguan Alzheimer yang menyebabkan hilang ingatan. Namun, neuroteknologi tampaknya melangkah lebih jauh, yaitu tidak hanya berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kerusakan otak, tetapi juga untuk memperbaiki fenomena mental yang terhubung ke otak atau yang “diproduksi” oleh otak, yang terkait dengan memori. Berdasarkan hal ini, timbul pertanyaan, apakah mungkin teknologi saraf meningkatkan dan menggantikan memori manusia. Kendati demikian, upaya neuroteknologi tersebut tampaknya mengabaikan arti dari ingatan itu sendiri, termasuk apa yang sebenarnya “membangun” ingatan, sehingga manusia dapat memiliki perasaan ingatan yang berbeda. Dengan demikian, untuk menjawab masalah ini, penulis pertama-tama menafsirkan memori secara eksplisit melalui perbedaan yang tegas antara memori semantik dan memori episodik, untuk menunjukkan bahwa memori manusia, yang merupakan memori episodik, terkait dengan qualitative states. Kedua, dengan mendeskripsikan peluang yang dihadirkan oleh neuroteknologi melalui eksperimentasi pikiran mengenai penggantian neuron oleh chip elektronik, untuk menunjukkan ketidakmungkinan neuroteknologi berfungsi dengan cara yang sama seperti neuron di otak yang menghasilkan memori episodik dengan qualitative states ini. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan argumentasi tersebut, akan diketahui bahwa neuroteknologi sebenarnya tidak mungkin dapat memperbaiki, terutama mengganti ingatan manusia.
Pemerolehan Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia Anak Laki-Laki Usia 4 (Empat) Tahun
Authors: Fitriana Riri Amanda
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemerolehan fonologi berupa pemerolehan vokal, konsonan, dan diftong. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang diperoleh seorang laki-laki berusia 4 tahun. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa IHA (kepanjangannya) telah memperoleh fonem vokal lengkap di usia 4 (empat) tahun dan sebagian besar bunyi konsonan juga telah diperoleh. Bunyi vokal rangkap atau diftong juga telah ia kuasai. Sementara bunyi frikatif [f], bunyi getar [r] belum dikuasainya sampai usia 4 (empat) tahun. Uniknya, IHA memiliki pola tersendiri jika menemukan  konsonan /l/ dan konsonan /r/ yang terletak pada akhir kata. IHA akan menggantinya dengan fonem //ŋ//. Ini terjadi karena speech motor yang IHA miliki belum lengkap atau belum berkembang dengan sempurna