bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Mito” y „Leyenda” de Eva Perón. Una Aproximación a Través de Sus Discursos
Authors: De Monserrat Llairó María , Grinchpun Boris Matías
Published: November 2021

Eva Perón ha adquirido una fama notable a lo largo de las décadas. De personaje político clave y símbolo partidario, „Evita” ha pasado a convertirse en uno de los artefactos culturales más estrechamente asociados con la Argentina a nivel mundial. En ese país tanto la „Dama de la Esperanza” como el movimiento al que perteneció continúan siendo materia de disputa historiográfico y, de manera no menor, un tópico recurrente en debates sociales y políticos todavía abiertos. Este artículo pretende comprender mejor la singular deriva de Eva Perón en el plano discursivo y simbólico a través de un análisis de las imágenes configuradas al calor de esos debates. Finalmente, se ofrecerá dar una nueva mirada sobre esas discusiones y sobre la notoriedad alcanzada por Eva Perón a partir de las ambiguas tramas desplegadas en sus alocuiones públicas, donde liberación femenina, valores familiares tradicionales y verticalidad se conjugaban de forma inestable.
System międzynarodowy jako kategoria w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych
Authors: Kondrakiewicz Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza kategorii systemu międzynarodowego w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Autor omawia pojęcie systemu, następnie różnorodne definicje systemu międzynarodowego, jego główne części, klasyfikację systemów międzynarodowych oraz kategorię systemu międzynarodowego w ujęciu głównych paradygmatów teorii stosunków międzynarodowych: behawioralnego, realistycznego, liberalnego i konstruktywistycznego. Generalną konkluzją autora jest stwierdzenie, że system międzynarodowy wciąż pozostaje kluczową kategorią w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych.
Początek destabilizacji regionu Bliskiego Wschodu czyli operacja ‘Iracka Wolność’ – próba diagnozy konfliktu i jego skutki
Authors: El Ghamari Magdalena
Published: November 2021

W teorii operacji wojskowych, sztuce wojennej oraz naukach politycznych można spotkać różne podejścia do pokoju i wojny. Do niedawna jeszcze oba zjawiska porównywano do magnesu, tworzącego jedną całość, posiadającego jednak dwa przeciwstawne bieguny. W nowych realiach społecznych, ekonomicznych, politycznych i militarnych wzajemne relacje pomiędzy wojną i pokojem można porównać do widma światła widzialnego, gdzie oba nadal stanowią przeciwstawne bieguny, ale pomiędzy nimi pojawiły się zjawiska (pojęcia) pośrednie. Celem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji konfliktowej w Zatoce Perskiej w XXI. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących genezy konfliktu oraz zakładanych celów politycznych i militarnych. W drugiej, sformułowano wnioski z przeprowadzonej operacji Iracka Wolność, w kontekście sposobów osiągania tychże celów i ich wpływu na kształtowanie pokoju w regionie Zatoki Perskiej. W ostatniej, zaprezentowano próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy interwencja zbrojna sił koalicyjnych w I raku doprowadziła do rozwiązania kryzysu, czy raczej stała się początkiem obecnych problemów z jakimi zmaga się Europa.
The Structure and Composition of the Legislature in Non-Parliamentary Draft Constitutions of the Republic of Poland Announced in the Years 1997–2017
Authors: Leszczyńska Krystyna
Published: November 2021

Wejście w życie postanowień Konstytucji RP z 2 kwietnia 1997 r. wpłynęło niewątpliwie na wyciszenie dyskursu (prowadzonego od 1990 r.12) na temat potrzeby reformy parlamentu, w tym przede wszystkich jego struktury (jedna czy dwie izby?) oraz ograniczenia liczby parlamentarzystów jako czynnika gwarantującego – w założeniu autorów tych postulatów – usprawnienie prowadzonych przez niego prac lub zwiększenie oszczędności w finansach publicznych. Jednak spory wokół wyżej wymienionych kwestii, obliczone przede wszystkim na doraźne efekty polityczne, toczyły się nadal, choć z różnym natężeniem i rozłożeniem akcentów. Efektem prowadzonego dyskursu były różnorodne koncepcje zawarte w programach partyjnych, programach wyborczych oraz projektach konstytucji. Jedenaście projektów konstytucji ogłoszonych w latach 1997–2017, ale nigdy niewniesionych do parlamentu, przedstawiły zarówno partie polityczne, jak i politycy na kilkanaście lub kilka miesięcy przed wyborami parlamentarnymi i prezydenckimi 2005 i 2015 r. oraz przed wyborami prezydenckimi w 2010 r. i zarazem na rok przed wyborami parlamentarnymi 2011. Trzy projekty dokumentu przedstawiono w święto Konstytucji 3 maja.
The UK Government’s Response to Cyber Threats
Authors: Wołyniec Jakub
Published: November 2021

W artykule podjęto kwestię cyberbezpieczeństwa Wielkiej Brytanii z perspektywy działań rządowych instytucji odpowiedzialnych za zwalczanie zagrożeń płynących z cyberprzestrzeni. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono katalog zagrożeń płynących z cyberprzestrzeni, z którymi zmagają się różne podmioty w Wielkiej Brytanii. Ponadto wskazano na te cechy cyberprzestrzeni, które szczególnie wzmacniają jej podatność na wspomniane zagrożenia. W drugiej części artykułu scharakteryzowano instytucje i organizacje oraz ich zakres działań bezpośrednich lub pośrednich w kwestii bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego w Wielkiej Brytanii. Najpierw skupiono się na organizacjach wyłącznie odpowiedzialnych za cyberbezpieczeństwo: począwszy od służb specjalnych (GCHQ), przez Narodowe Centrum Cyberbezpieczeństwa (NCSC), skończywszy na wyspecjalizowanych jednostkach działających w ramach tych organizacji. Następnie zaprezentowano agencje i jednostki działające w strukturach rządowych związanych z resortem spraw wewnętrznych, spraw zagranicznych i obrony, takich jak Narodowa Agencja ds. Przestępczości, policja, wywiad i kontrwywiad cywilny i wojskowy. Przedstawiono również inicjatywy resortów związanych z polityką społeczną, cyfryzacją, kulturą, mediami oraz biznesem i przedsiębiorstwami, których ochrona jest jednym z priorytetów wspominanych w brytyjskiej strategii cyberbezpieczeństwa.
Kierunki działań instytucji europejskich na rzecz podnoszenia poziomu bezpieczeństwa podmiotów państwowych i niepaństwowych w cyberprzestrzeni – wybrane przykłady
Authors: Cichosz Jolanta
Published: November 2021

Artykuł analizuje stan europejskiego bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego na wybranych przykładach. W obliczu rosnących wyzwań w zakresie bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego w Unii Europejskiej (legislacyjnych, instytucjonalnych, badawczych, przemysłowych) konieczne jest zweryfikowanie modeli zapewniających bezpieczeństwo cybernetyczne. Ponadto weryfikacja ta powinna dotyczyć spójności strategii jednolitego rynku cyfrowego, realizacji dużych projektów i przydzielania obowiązków zainteresowanym przedstawicielom. Jednocześnie zmiany powinny dotyczyć doskonalenia spójności przepisów prawnych i uaktualnienia definicji związanych z zagrożeniami cybernetycznymi. Priorytetowe działania w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego powinny obejmować: zwiększenie wymaganych zdolności i gotowości do reagowania na zagrożenia cybernetyczne, wzmocnienie współpracy i koordynacji między państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej, a także między instytucjami, agencjami, władzami oraz przemysłem.
Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego związane z technologiami informatyczno-komunikacyjnymi
Authors: Węgrzyn-Odzioba Liliana
Published: November 2021

W artykule podjęta została próba uchwycenia podstawowych elementów związanych z zagrożeniami zdrowotnymi dla bezpieczeństwa społecznego. Zwrócono uwagę na różne kategorie krzyżujących się tematów obejmujących zagrożenia natury zdrowotnej związane z zagrożeniami o charakterze psychicznym, fizycznym i moralnym. Tematyka ta jest trudnym badawczo obszarem, ponieważ szybkość i pogłębiająca się penetracja przez rzeczywistość wirtualną powoduje nakładanie się różnych elementów na siebie. Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego związane z rozwojem TIK to wyzwanie dla autorów zajmujących się tą problematyką, jak również praktyków różnych dziedzin, przed którymi stoi wyzwanie przewidzenia i prewencji potencjalnie niebezpiecznych zjawisk.
"Wrogość" w dyskursie polityki Felipe Calderona
Authors: Jargiełło Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

Wrogość jest typem postawy zorientowanej wobec konkretnych podmiotów, które można w różny sposób postrzegać i definiować. Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy dyskursu polityki prezydenta Meksyku Felipe Calderona w kontekście tzw. wojny z kartelami narkotykowymi. W artykule przede wszystkim zwrócono uwagę na czynniki, które były przesłankami wrogości w dyskursie prezydenta, oraz sposób, w jaki owa wrogość była kreowana. Dla potrzeb podjętego problemu przyjęto tezę, że podmiotem wrogości dyskursu Felipe Calderona były grupy przestępczości zorganizowanej. Założenie uzupełniono dwoma pytaniami badawczymi. Po pierwsze, kartele narkotykowe były wrogiem rzeczywistym (obiektywnym), czy nierzeczywistym (subiektywnym)? Po drugie, czy prezydent traktował kartele narkotykowe jako wroga wewnętrznego, czy zewnętrznego? Głównymi metodami badawczymi, które wykorzystano w artykule, jest metoda czynnikowa oraz analiza dyskursu, za pomocą której zbadano wypowiedzi prezydenta.
Bioterroryzm jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego
Authors: Kięczkowska Justyna Maria
Published: November 2021

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza zjawiska bioterroryzmu jako jednego z największych zagrożeń dla życia i zdrowia jednostki, jak również dla funkcjonowania państwa. W opracowaniu zdefiniowano podstawowe pojęcia, takie jak broń biologiczna, bioterroryzm, bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne, patogen. Przeanalizowano również przesłanki służące ocenie zagrożeń związanych z użyciem broni biologicznej, czyli ataku bioterrorystycznego oraz cech najgroźniejszych patogenów mogących posłużyć jako broń biologiczna. Na podstawie przykładów ataków z użyciem patogenów przedstawiono realną możliwość zaistnienia takiego zagrożenia na masową skalę we współczesnym świecie. W zakończeniu weryfikacji i ocenie poddano działania mające służyć eliminacji zagrożenia bioterroryzmem na poziomie państwa oraz na poziomie międzynarodowym.
Comparison of the Polish and Ukrainian Cybersecurity Systems
Authors: Boiko Viktoria
Published: November 2021

Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa informacji będące wyzwaniem w nowej rzeczywistości związanej z COVID-19 jest niezbędne do jego rozszerzenia poza granice kraju, przez krajowe systemy cyberbezpieczeństwa, na podmioty tworzące krajowy system cyberbezpieczeństwa, czyli podmioty gospodarcze świadczące usługi z wykorzystaniem systemów teleinformatycznych użytkowników, władze publiczne oraz wyspecjalizowane podmioty zajmujące się bezpieczeństwem teleinformatycznym na poziomie operacyjnym w różnych krajach. Jak podkreśla wielu badaczy, wszelkie znaczące zakłócenia w funkcjonowaniu informacji i cyberprzestrzeni, zarówno globalne, jak i lokalne, mają wpływ na bezpieczeństwo transgraniczne, wydajność instytucji sektora publicznego, procesy produkcyjne i usługowe oraz ostatecznie na bezpieczeństwo narodowe, wspólnotowe, ale także osobiste [Anderson, Hern 1996; Buzan, Wæver, de Wilde 1998; Deibert 2002; Hansen, Nissenbaum 2009; Świątkowska 2012]. Celem artykułu jest bliższe przyjrzenie się ramom działania struktur rządowych odpowiedzialnych za zapewnienie cyberbezpieczeństwa w Polsce i na Ukrainie. Przykład Polski jest ważny, ponieważ jest ściśle powiązany z ramami cyberbezpieczeństwa NATO, UE, ONZ i OBWE. Współpraca ta odgrywa ważną rolę w walce z rosnącą liczbą incydentów. Tymczasem Ukraina przygotowuje się do członkostwa w ogólnoeuropejskich i transatlantyckich sieciach informacji i cyberbezpieczeństwa, czyli ważne jest, aby dobrze rozumieć system cyberbezpieczeństwa i jego wąskie gardła.
Overcoming a Hurricane and Maintaining Wellness in College Student Physical Education
Authors: Lothes II John E. , Schroeder Lindsey H. , Chen-Edinboro Lenis
Published: November 2021

Background: With instructional time lost due to natural disasters, it is essential to examine the effect of a physical education course (PED 101) on college student well-being and motivation.Aim: This research examines the effect of physical education classes with a wellness component on wellness and motivation during a disruptive hurricane.Methods: A pre and posttest survey methodology was utilized to measure well-being and motivation, including by gender and exercise frequency, using the Wellness Inventory on college students enrolled in PED 101 who experienced Hurricane Florence.Results: All 12 dimensions of participants' wellness and their motivation to make changes in those wellness dimensions increased by the end of the hurricane semester. The results found significant changes between the pre- and post-assessment scores for all dimensions of wellness and motivation for male and female participants, as well as for all levels of exercise frequency.Conclusions: Including a well-being and motivation component in a college level physical education curriculum may enhance students' overall well-being and motivation during a disruptive hurricane.
The Role of The Physical and Social Environment for Physical Activity for College Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bopp Melissa , Wilson Oliver W.A. , Elliott Lucas D. , Holland Kelsey E. , Duffey Michele
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created significant disruptions for college students, impacting health and physical activity (PA). Changes to the PA environment presented many challenges for students.Purpose: To examine the influence of the physical and social environment on PA participation for college students during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions.Methods: This cross-sectional, mixed methods survey used an online questionnaire during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions with a volunteer sample of college students at a large university in the United States. Participants self-reported their demographics, PA level and environment for PA, and responded to an open-ended question about their PA participation during the pandemic. Correlations and independent samples t-tests examined relationships between PA and the environment. Qualitative data were scanned to identify overarching themes.Results: Participants (n = 395) were predominantly Non-Hispanic White and female. The neighborhood environment and access to PA equipment were associated with PA for both men and women. Major qualitative themes highlighted the role of the physical environment and PA. Participating in PA with friends and family was positively associated with PA for both men and women as well.Conclusions: This study provides insight on the importance of the social and built environment for encouraging and supporting PA among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic which may provide insight for distance education as higher education evolves.
A comparative clinical study on the effect of virechana karma and panchtikta pancha prashritika basti karma in the management of prameha w.s.r. to type ii diabetes
Authors: Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Bhatted Santosh kumar
Published: November 2021

is a chronic disorder of origin with the vitiation of various body elements like and Diabetes mellitus is similar to which is a subtype of Here the patient voids excessive quantity of urine having concordance with with sweet taste.

Insulin and other oral hypoglycaemic drugs are associated with several side effects and they have limited role in preventing the complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy etc. Hence an ideal therapy which corrects the basic pathology and prevents the progress of the disease and complications is the need of time. So The explained in Ayurveda seems to be an appropriate solution for the treatment of Prameha.

Aacharya Charaka and Sushruta has advised for here accumulate in the lower part of the body owing to the incompetence of the The major factor involved in the of are the in general and in particular hence to remove the and to eliminate the from nearest root is best. is best to improve Agni and is the best treatment to correct Vata.

The present clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana karma and Basti karma in 90 patients (equally distributed in three group) of diagnosed case of Madhumeha for periods of 3 month. Group comparison was done by ANNOVA test showed that the Virechana was found better to reduce FBS and PPP Basti was found better to reduce PPBS
Ayurveda approaches to COVID-19 in 2 wave: Lessons learned from practice
Authors: Panda Ashok Kumar , Palei Dipti Tarini , Rout Suvendu , Kar Sarbeswar
Published: November 2021

Ayurveda is a live traditional system of medicine with an unbreakable practice since 3000 years. Its principles and its approaches including oral administration of preventive drugs, herbs, formulae, decoction, indoor herbal medicine for fumigation, etc. were recommended for effective prevention and treatment whenever the emergent of new diseases. This paper highlights the patho-physiology of Corona as per Ayurveda, Clinical staging, preventive and curative approaches as learned time to time. and Anu taila nasya have excellent practice evidences for prevention of Covid-19 in 1 wave of corona. Sajeevani app developed by AYUSH to study the AYUSH practices. AYUSH -64 is an evidence-based treatment to cure mild to moderate COVID infection developed by Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences. The second wave of COVID-19 is more tragedy than 1 wave and its impact on health care systems of our nation is devastating and unprecedented. National campaign for AYUSH-64 started and it is recommended in National Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga which is vetted by National Task Force on COVID management for COVID-19 Patients in Home Isolation. All Institute of Ayurveda released list of medicines for management of various symptoms of Covid. General public have more trusted upon Ayurveda practitioners as controversies of addition and deletion of steroid and antiviral in modern treatment protocol. The horror of Black (Mucormycosis) and white (Candiditis) fungus infection due to irrational use of immunosuppressive drugs confused the general people. More numbers of Covid patients received AYUSH-64 in 2 wave. Ayurveda Practice requires sound knowledge of Yukti Pramana(Logic and self judgement) by discerning clinical for better outcome irrespective of evidences and guidelines. We all are learning the pathogenesis of different mutants of Covid. Ayurveda approaches reduced the complication and progression of disease. This review will provide basic understanding Ayurveda for covid care.
Efficacy of Terminalia chebula) and exercise in management of obesity (Sthaulya) — A case report
Authors: Joshi Mrudula Vinayak , Kedar Snehal Subhash , Prabhudesai Tejaswini Radhakrishna
Published: November 2021

Obesity or is one of the lifestyle disorders rapidly increasing in the community; due to rigorously changing dietary habits and behavioural pattern. is a state of increased ofmeta data i.e. abnormal and /or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health of an individual. A married woman aged 29 years, presented to the clinic with complaint of infertility, loss of appetite and increased body weight. Regular walking exercise, as medicine along with counseling for diet restrictions made her lose 7.15% of her body weight with BMI reduction up to 2.94 units. Obesity is a public health problem with multiple risk factors and so its management is also very complex.

Essential calorie intake coupled with appropriate adequate physical exercise and proper adherence to Ayurved guidelines for (daily regimen) can reduce rising problem of obesity in society.
El rechazo de Bunge a Hegel, Husserl y Heidegger y su relación con el negacionismo
Authors: Mora Ramirez Rafael Félix
Published: November 2021

El filósofo Mario Bunge ha sido el más notable investigador de la epistemología en nuestros días. Su preferencia por la ciencia y su rechazo hacia la pseudociencia son evidentes. Así, se reconoce que la filosofía de Bunge fue analítica. En consecuencia, Bunge también manifestó su desacuerdo con aquellas filosofías (en su mayoría continentales) que son anticientíficas o que no hayan promovido el estudio de la ciencia. De este modo, se analizan las razones por las que Bunge rechazó a Hegel, Husserl y Heidegger. Este rechazo lleva a investigar las bases del negacionismo y la posverdad y, finalmente, se realiza un balance entre la postura de Bunge y el florecimiento de la desinformación en la actualidad.
Posibilidades de una interpretación fisicalista de la conciencia. Algunas ideas aclaratorias
Authors: Llontop Céspedes Diego
Published: November 2021

En el presente texto se evalúan las posibilidades conceptuales de una interpretación fisicalista de la conciencia. Con dicho fin se toman en cuenta posiciones representativas en el ámbito de la filosofía, así como investigaciones neurocientíficas recientes. Ambas líneas de investigación suponen el cuestionamiento de los acercamientos de sentido común al tema de la conciencia. No obstante, no suponen una completa eliminación de lo que dicho acercamiento puede representar. En este sentido, se propone una interpretación epistemológica de la perspectiva intuitiva de primera persona en relación con la perspectiva científica de tercera persona.
Narrar para sobrellevar el dolor. Vulnerabilidad y la necesidad de consuelo en Blumenberg
Authors: Pinzón Gualdrón Johanna Eloísa
Published: November 2021

Las narraciones le sirvieron al hombre primitivo para establecer distancia con el mundo y enfrentarse a la realidad. Pese a la seguridad conseguida, la enfermedad y el dolor le recuerdan ese estadio en el que se encontraba expuesto a una realidad hostil. Este nuevamente encuentra en la narración la posibilidad de sobrellevar su dolor. Este texto explora desde Blumenberg la necesidad que tiene el hombre de consuelo, pero, sobre todo, cómo los otros son necesarios para tratar el dolor. Por esto, el texto está dividido en tres partes. En la primera, se muestra cómo el prehumano logra liberarse del absolutismo de la realidad. En la segunda, se expone la necesidad que tiene el hombre de consuelo y cómo este puede delegar su dolor a otros. En la tercera, se explora cómo a pesar de la dificultad para narrar el dolor el hombre encuentra una posibilidad de hacerlo a través del lenguaje metafórico.
Retórica, moral y naturaleza humana en la sofística del mundo griego antiguo
Authors: Padilla Burgos Cristian Andres
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es doble; por un lado, se cuestionan las concepciones sobre la historia de la filosofía que insisten en partir por Platón, y, por otro, se enfoca en el movimiento filosófico conocido en la Grecia antigua como sofística, con el fin de reconocer y reflexionar sobre los aportes de este movimiento para el desarrollo posterior del pensamiento filosófico y científico occidental. En tal sentido, se explica el contexto de su origen y desarrollo en la Grecia antigua, la importancia de sus enseñanzas —en especial la retórica y el estudio del lenguaje— para la reflexión posterior en educación, política, derecho, psicología y antropología modernas, su redefinición de la moral centrada en una naturaleza humana constitutiva de sí misma, así como las críticas de que fueron objeto —principalmente por parte de Platón— y que en parte construyeron y consolidaron la imagen peyorativa que, durante siglos, acompañó su nombre. ¿En qué se fundamentaban estas críticas? ¿Eran fundadas estas críticas?
Populismo, retórica y democracia. Una aproximación al funcionamiento de la retórica populista
Authors: Castañeda Sánchez Érika
Published: November 2021

Este documento presenta un análisis del funcionamiento de la retórica populista, que parte de dos perspectivas opuestas en torno a este fenómeno político. La primera ve en el populismo un peligro para la democracia y define su retórica como un recurso para engañar a las masas. La segunda considera el populismo como aquello que funda la democracia y a su retórica como el mecanismo que permite la articulación del pueblo. La discusión que se teje entre estas dos visiones del populismo permitirá demostrar que el papel que en cada una de ellas juega el elemento retórico, determina la noción de democracia que sirve de supuesto a sus afirmaciones.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Natural Convection in a Tunnel Greenhouse Located in South West Algeria (Adrar Region)
Authors: Belalem Mohammed Salah , Elmir Mohammed , Tamali Mohammed , Mehdaoui Razli , Missoum Abdelkrim , Chergui Toufik , Bezari Salah
Published: November 2021

In this work, we propose to experimentally and numerically study the natural convection in laminar regime in an agricultural greenhouse located in South West of Algeria and more precisely in the Adrar area. The numerical study is two-dimensional and was carried out on a tunnel greenhouse with an area of 180m2 located in Adrar in the southwest of Algeria (Latitude: 27°52′27″N, longitude: 0°17′37″W, the laltitude above sea level is 257 m), with polyethylene cover and houses two rows of tomato plants. The experimental study was made during the winter or flowering period of tomato plants (February) when the temperature difference outside the greenhouse is maximum: T min = 3℃ at night and T max = 20℃ the day. We used a calculate code based on the finite element method to numerically simulate the phenomenon of heat transfer inside the greenhouse. The results of the numerical simulation are in the form of isotherms, streamlines and variations in temperature and speed in the greenhouse. The value of the temperature calculated by numerical simulation at the position where the sensor has been placed will be compared with that measured by the sensor. It was concluded that to have a favorable environment for the growth of tomatoes, we must keep the openings closed especially during the night without needing a heating system, especially in this region characterized by a hyper arid climate.
A Preliminary Numerical Investigation of Thermal Mixing Efficiency in T-Junctions with Different Flow Configurations
Authors: Nuruzzaman Md , Pao William , Ejaz Faheem , Ya Hamdan
Published: November 2021

When hot and cold fluids flow through a converging T-junction, rapid temperature fluctuations occur in the mixing region due to the thermal mixing of fluids. This temperature fluctuation causes thermal fatigue, which is responsible for the shortening of service life in a T-junction. Hence, the design of T-junction for thermal mixing requires not only superior mixing performance but minimize thermal fluctuation during mixing is also desirable. The objective of the present paper is to determine the thermal mixing performance at the mixing region of T-junction with two different flow configurations. Water, at different inlet temperatures, is used as a working medium and is assumed incompressible. Two types of flow configurations, namely intersecting and colliding regular T-junction with a sidearm pointing at 12 o’clock position have been evaluated in this paper. Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model was assumed, and its validity benchmarked against RANS and RSM-EB turbulence models. The thermal mixing efficiency of both flow configurations is calculated and compared. The results show that the thermal mixing efficiency of both intersecting and colliding mixing tee increases with the increase of distance and time. Intersecting tee shows higher temperature fluctuation than colliding tee at the mixing outlet, but colliding tee shows higher thermal mixing efficiency than intersecting mixing tee.
French proper nouns in the Czech press of the XVIIIth century
Authors: Schejbalova Zdenka
Published: November 2021

Václav Matěj Kramerius (1753-1808) was a Czech publisher, writer, playwright and journalist, founder of modern Czech journalism. His newspaper, named Krameriusovy c. k. vlastenecké noviny (Kramerius' ImperialRoyal Patriotic Newspaper), published since 1789, focused mainly on enlightenment of the common people, on national emancipation. Their main sections included official notices, announcements, foreign and domestic news, literature and theater news. One of the most important news were reports of revolutionary events in France at the end of the XVIIIth century (Great French Revolution). The subject of this article is an analysis of the transcription method of French proper nouns in this Czech newspaper published by Kramerius. In order to simplify the reading of foreign names and place names, Kramerius tried to approximate their pronunciation as much as possible using the spelling system of the Czech language of his time. He used different ways such as phonetic transcription using Czech letters, changing or omitting French diacritics, using Czech diacritics (e.g., vowel length), changing the order of letters, omitting letters. Some proper nouns remain indeclinable, others are declinated according to their classification into declination types. Kramer's transcription also informs us about the pronunciation of French at that time, e.g., soft l /λ/ is still in use, /wɛ/ is already pronounced as /wa/. Kramerius' newspaper is not only an important historical testimony of its time, but also provides valuable insights into the development of the Czech language.
Coherence in mediation activities at B1 and B2 levels
Authors: Kucharczyk Radoslaw , Krajka Jaroslaw
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the issue of textual consistency in the context of mediation activities at B1 and B2 levels (in the context of French as Foreign Language). First, we look at the question of text coherence that we analyze from both linguistic and didactic perspectives because the latter draws a lot from the contributions of pragmatics. As our research is in the context of teaching/learning foreign languages, we treat cohesion as one of the linguistic phenomena impacting coherence. In the following, our text deals with mediation as one of the activities to be developed in the language class. We are convinced that this type of language activity requires the learner to master logical connectors, which could make the mediated text coherent and - consequently - faithful to the source text. It is in this perspective that our research is situated, which concludes the article. We analyzed students' certification exams in French (at B1 and B2 levels) to see which logical connectors they used to mediate an oral and written. To do this, we developed a corpus that was submitted for analysis. The results of our study show that the list of logical connectors to which the students used is far from being representative for the given levels (B1 and B2 in this case), which allowed us to formulate pedagogical guidelines and questions for future research.
Elaboration of an empirical basis for the web-based mapping of French common youth slang
Authors: Ponchon Thierry , Retinskaya Tatiana , Voynova Natalia , Baghana Jerome , Viktor Karpenko
Published: November 2021

This article aims to bring on some enlightenment on the specifics of an experimental base formation for the creation of web maps dedicated to the French common youth slang. The relevance of the article is due to the pervasive nature of the French youth's “argotization” over the past two decades. The proposed study is devoted to the specifics of the formation of an experimental base for the creation of French common youth slang web maps, which will allow an illustration of the territorial localization of the slang (argotic) vocabulary. In this context, the authors elaborate preparatory procedures to form the basis for web mapping, namely the multistage processing of “argotographic data”, the inventory of core and peripheral “argotisms” and the verification of the identified linguistic facts under anti-epidemic restrictions on the mobility of scientists. The stages of the youth speech survey, which can be conducted remotely, are described. A review of lexicographic sources for the collection of argotic units is carried out. At the same time, the latest linguistic phenomenon of the French youth common slang (argot commun des jeunes) is briefly examined, and its relationship to the French common slang (argot commun) is described. The material of the study is youth argot lexemes collected from four traditional dictionaries and vocabulary lists of French and Russian eminent slang specialists (“argotologists”), four collaborative digital dictionaries, and two oral linguistic corpora. Youth argotisms are studied from the aspect of frequency parameters and the number of fixations in the argotographic sources. At the stage of collecting and identifying the elements of the common French youth slang vocabulary, several methods were applied: the method of sampling, the continuous sampling method, and the corpus linguistics method, including automated information extraction and the textual searches in large-scale corpora (concordances). At the stage of verification of the collected lexemes for their attribution to the French common youth slang, multiple crossed procedures were used: questionnaires, interviews, introspection, and “the initiated to the initiated” one. The present study was carried out in an experimental way, which, in turn, is applied in the research field on an actively developing social dialect.
Analogía magnetostática del estado de energía cero de Jackiw-Rebbi
Authors: Rubiano Giraldo Robert Augusto
Published: November 2021

Se establece una analogía teórica entre la ecuación de Poisson y la ecuación de Dirac; específicamente, al estudiar el comportamiento del campo magnetostático, debido a la susceptibilidad en medios no homogéneos, no isotrópicos, unidimensionales, con alta permeabilidad magnética. Como resultado, se obtuvo una relación con el modelo de Jackiw-Rebbi para el estado de energía cero.
Performance of UAV-Based Digital Orthophoto Generation for Emergency Response Applications
Authors: Akpınar Burak
Published: November 2021

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used for accurate orthophoto generation based on advanced Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques. In recent years, the UAV systems have become an effective tool for fast monitoring of damages caused by disasters such as the earthquake hazards. The conventional orthophoto generation based on ground control points takes too much time during emergency situations. In the study, different methodologies for the processing of the acquired GNSS Positioning data for direct georeferencing of UAVs were investigated in terms of various orbit products. Evaluating the fitness for emergency response applications, the ground control points (GCPs) also used for validation of the generated orthophoto without using GCPs and based on Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach. In this study, Ultra-Rapid, Rapid and Final PPP methods based on GNSS observations were used for direct geo-referencing. Thirteen GCPs were located at the study area for the validation of the orthophoto accuracy generated by direct geo-referencing.
A Combining Method for Systems Requirement of Knowledge - Based Medical Hazardous Waste
Authors: Rohajawati Siti , Fairus Sirin , Saragih Hoga , Akbar Habibullah , Rahayu Puji
Published: November 2021

Applying Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) for hazardous medical waste (HMW) are still limited according to knowledge sources. The two mechanisms of the KBS are commonly known as rulebased and case-based, which can be extracted based on existing regulations that are divided into global, national, provincial, and local authorities. This study used Soft System Methodology and regulation approaches to find out the gaps in coordinating and managing HMW in Indonesia. It is used to depict the rule, processes, and stakeholders for identifying the features of the KBS. The study was taken using fourstage of SSM conducted to classify the objects and their feature requirements. The knowledge source was verified and validated using Focus Group Discussion and represented on CATWOE mode. Most of the regulations are not complying with the practicality of the HMW since it is produced until disposal. The methods give an alternative for knowledge engineers to feed the basis of knowledge.
The Belief-Desire-Intention Architecture of Sincere Software Agent Environment
Authors: Jaafar Nur Huda , Ahmad Azhana , Sharifuddin Ahmad Mohd , Abd Hamid Nurzeatul Hamimah
Published: November 2021

Software agent is autonomous technology that helps a lot the human being in performing the task. The capability of agent to take actions on behalf of human is one of the reasons why researchers or developers of autonomous systems adapt the human characteristics either in the form of physical or behaviours. Sincerity is one of ethical human behaviour that can be instilled in software agent environment system. To instil the ethical behaviour such as sincerity, the belief-desire-intention (BDI) architecture should be designed. This paper explains the BDI architecture for sincere software agent environment system during performing task.
Design and Development of Affective 4-Dimensional Mobile Mathematics for Low Vision Alpha Generation
Authors: Aziz Nurulnadwan , Zulaiha Ahmad Siti , Wan A Rahman Wan Rahzihan Zulnasyreeq , Binsaleh Sariya
Published: November 2021

In this digital era, low vision children should learn Mathematics by using similar learning content provided for mainstream students. Teachers need to express their feeling, thought, emotions, and actions to ensure the low vision learners can grasp the mathematics content. However, it is too tough for low vision children to adapt to the common learning content which is in contrast with their needs. Consequently, this study aims to develop Affective 4- Dimensional Mobile Mathematics for Low Vision Alpha Generation. This study adapted the 3-Phases Development Model. Accordingly, the findings of this study are the design and development of the abovementioned application.
Thai Student Teacher Learning Innovation: A Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Binheem Achah , Pimdee Paitoon , Petsangsri Sirirat
Published: November 2021

The study’s objective was to analyze the corroborating elements of a Thai student teacher’s (TST) learning innovation as perceived through the expertise of their teachers. Therefore, from 12 Thai teaching universities (Rajabhats) located across four Thai regions, multiple sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 151 teaching professionals. The research instrument was a questionnaire using a 5-level scale to assess the opinions on the four latent and 12 observed variables. The results showed that of the three latent variables analyzed that contributed to TST learning innovation (IN), learning innovation use (US) were perceived as most important, followed by the learning innovation development process (DE) and then the TST’s creative collaboration (CO) abilities, respectively. Finally, all the observed variables were determined to be compatible with TST innovation learning at a ‘high’ level.
Does MBA Studies Increase the Value of Human Capital in the Labour Market?
Authors: Bočková Kateřina , Šimek Václav , Hanák Michal
Published: November 2021

Presented paper focuses on a research of added value of MBA studies organized at Academy of crisis management and management, Ltd. Uherské Hradiště on its graduates. The added value in this research is monitored in correlation to graduates’ career, recorded changes and also in correlation to the development of their knowledge and skills. Attention is also devoted to the returns of funds invested in these studies. The data are obtained thanks to a semistructured interview and a questionnaire survey among MBA graduates. They are processed by using mathematical-statistical methods, methods of comparison and analysis of information.
Sector externo, complejidad y crecimiento económico desde la perspectiva latinoamericana
Authors: Carrasco Carlos
Published: November 2021

En los últimos cuarenta años, las economías latinoamericanas han sido partícipes del viraje mundial hacia la profundización de las relaciones económicas internacionales; no obstante, dicho cambio no se ha reflejado en un crecimiento económico sostenido que permita mejorar significativamente el nivel de vida de la región. Este artículo pretende servir de guía para futuras y más profundas discusiones sobre el tipo de política económica que hace posible el crecimiento económico sostenido y sostenible en la región latinoamericana. Para ello, se señalan las características del sector externo que se asocian con mayores tasas de crecimiento económico y se enfatizan los recientes desarrollos sobre complejidad económica que permiten identificar las industrias con mayor potencial para cada región. Posteriormente, se analiza gráficamente la relación entre estructura del sector externo, complejidad y crecimiento económico para un grupo de economías de la región y, finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones de política económica.
La industria española de defensa ante los nuevos conflictos: capacidades a aportar
Authors: Villanueva Christian
Published: November 2021

Conflicts such as Nagorno-Karabakh, the Donbas, Libya, Syria and Yemen have shown that even in such different scenarios, the diffusion of the key advances that were at the heart of the Revolution in Military Affairs is a fact. Moreover, most of these advances are so well established that they are now in daily use not only by many states, but also by their proxies and even by transnational terrorist and criminal groups. This phenomenon is intimately associated with the erosion of US military superiority, a country that is seeing how the People's Republic of China or the Russian Federation, but also North Korea or Iran, are capable of challenging the former superpower. In this scenario, aware of the need to compensate for the advances made by the other players, the US has launched a series of initiatives, such as the Third Offset Strategy, aimed at achieving new technological and arms developments that could lead to a new Revolution in Military Affairs or, perhaps, a full-fledged Military Revolution. In this complex context, in which conflicts fought with inherited means will converge with new weapons, systems and platforms and with the entry into service of developments that we cannot yet imagine, the Spanish defence industry will have to struggle to survive, knowing that its main customer - the Spanish Ministry of Defence - is in a very delicate situation in terms of facing this new stage.
El Tribunal Especial para el Líbano y la sentencia Hariri. ¿Justicia selectiva?
Authors: Alam-Pérez Berta
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the complex relation between politics and justice in the international arena that is reflected in the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The subject matters developed are its problematic establishment by means of Security Council resolution 1757 (2007) and its selective nature, as well as the legal-doctrinal dispute laid out in the Ayyash et al. case, also known as the Hariri case. It is stressed the importance of circumstantial factors, especially those triggered since 2004, with the aim to explain the internal division —with international protagonists— of the country into two blocks whose confrontation would serve as a pretext for starting-up a unique tribunal that would meet the interests of an international community captivated by the possibility of achieving a judicial terrorism sentence against Hizballah —and/or Syria— who was gathering momentum. The 2011 interlocutory decision of the Appeals Chamber seemed to reveal itself as a good omen in said direction when it stated the necessity to interpret the crime of terrorism established in article 314 of the Lebanese Criminal Code in accordance with an international crime of terrorism of customary nature. The revolutionary decision —together with the process that led to its publication— disclosed nevertheless, a certain hasty and opportunistic character, which the 2020 judgment finally rejected for being unnecessary and untrue. The article upholds that all the above has contributed to undermine the credibility of the Tribunal, which is a model of selective justice, and has demonstrated little deference towards the sovereignty of the Lebanese State.
Notes on Contributors: China and International Development: Knowledge, Governance, and Practice
Authors: Gu Jing
Published: November 2021

This is the notes on contributors for IDS Bulletin 52.2: China and International Development: Knowledge, Governance, and Practice.
Mutual Learning in Development Cooperation: China and the West
Authors: Yu Jiantuo , Due Evan
Published: November 2021

This article looks at some of the characteristics of China’s foreign aid system and its development over the years. It discusses China’s foreign aid based on its own development experiences and its view of South–South development cooperation. Both the modalities and narratives of China’s international development cooperation need to be considered in order to better understand the complexities, strengths, and weaknesses of its aid system. As China’s international aid continues to grow and become more prominent, particularly in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, the article calls for a deeper understanding of China’s aid institutions and the need for greater cooperation and capacity building.
The New Asian Development Finance
Authors: Costa Vazquez Karin , Zheng Yu
Published: November 2021

The recent challenges posed for multilateralism and the emergence of a sustainable development regime have pushed countries to engage in more flexible, issue-based development finance initiatives and institutions. These changes have profoundly impacted how China conceives and delivers its development finance. How is China’s development finance being shaped by other countries’ experiences? How has China been shaping development finance globally? This article argues that China’s development finance has been increasingly market-oriented, concerned about financial and environmental sustainability, and delivered through hybrid bilateral–multilateral channels, particularly since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative. Shaped by the changes that China experienced at both international and domestic levels, these new features signal the rise of a ‘new Asian development finance’ that is refocusing the global debate on the importance of combining aid, trade, and investment under financially and environmentally sustainable frameworks, and channelling development finance through multilateral channels to catalyse structural transformation.
Glossary: China and International Development: Knowledge, Governance, and Practice
Authors: Gu Jing
Published: November 2021

This is the glossary for IDS Bulletin 52.2: China and International Development: Knowledge, Governance, and Practice.
‘EĞRİ BİR AYNADA DOĞRUYU GÖRMEK’: PISA 2018 ÖĞRENCİ BAŞARISININ DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN BİR ÇERÇEVEDE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: UYSAL İbrahim , EREN Altay
Published: November 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 15 yaş grubu öğrencilerinin meta-biliş stratejileri (güvenilirliği değerlendirme, özetleme, anlama ve hatırlama), genel başarısızlık korkuları, öz-yeterlik inançları, öznel iyi oluşları ve yeteneğin geliştirilebilir olduğuna ilişkin inançlarının fen, matematik ve okuma başarılarının yordayıcıları olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmada, PISA 2018 öğrenci anketi (Türkiye) verilerinden hareketle (N = 5938), yordayıcı ilişkisel desen kullanılmıştır. Veriler, çok değişkenli uyarlanabilir regresyon eğrileri (MARSplines) ve yol analizleri aracılığıyla çözümlenmiştir. MARSplines analizi sonuçları; biri dışında (güvenilirliği değerlendirme) meta-biliş stratejilerinin, öz-yeterlik inançlarının, öznel iyi oluşun, genel başarısızlık korkusunun ve yeteneğin geliştirilebilir olduğuna yönelik inançların fen, matematik ve okuma başarısını doğrusal olmayan biçimde yordadıklarını göstermiştir. MARSplines analizi sonuçları; söz konusu değişkenlerin fen, matematik ve okuma başarısının yordanmasındaki önem düzeylerine göre sıralanabildiğini de göstermiştir. Araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin doğrusal olarak incelendiği yol analizi aracılığıyla elde edilen bulgular, yol modelinin hatalı tanımlandığını göstermiştir. Ancak MARSplines analizi sonuçları, bu durumun, doğrusal olmayan ilişkilerin doğrusal bir çerçevede incelenmesine bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığına işaret etmiştir.