bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coulomb blockade and hopping transport behaviors of donor-induced quantum dots in junctionless transistors*
Authors: Ma Liu-Hong , Han Wei-Hua , Yang Fu-Hua
Published: February 2020

The ionized dopants, working as quantum dots in silicon nanowires, exhibit potential advantages for the development of atomic-scale transistors. We investigate single electron tunneling through a phosphorus dopant induced quantum dots array in heavily n-doped junctionless nanowire transistors. Several subpeaks splittings in current oscillations are clearly observed due to the coupling of the quantum dots at the temperature of 6 K. The transport behaviors change from resonance tunneling to hoping conduction with increased temperature. The charging energy of the phosphorus donors is approximately 12.8 meV. This work helps clear the basic mechanism of electron transport through donor-induced quantum dots and electron transport properties in the heavily doped nanowire through dopant engineering.
Mechanical characteristic of laminated beam of teak wood with sengonusing connector
Authors: Galuh D L C , Sulistyorini D , Sutadi D
Published: February 2020

Wood as construction material which is provided by nature is decreasing if the usage is not controlled. Several kinds of wood which are often used for construction material are teak wood and sengon wood. One alternative combines wood with good quality and deficient quality, such as combination of teak wood and sengon wood as laminated beam. This research is to know flexural load of perpendicular layered connection of teak wood and sengon wood with bolt and nail connector. The teak wood was placed at the bottom and the sengon wood was at the top. Dimension of wood beam test specimen before laminated was 60 x 100 x 800 mm, after being laminated was 120 x 100 x 800 mm with 2 variations of connector of bolts and nails. Each connector was made in 3 test specimens. The bolt diameter size was 7 mm, the nail size was 5 mm, the length was 150 mm and the range of each connector was160 mm. Installation of connector was carried out parallel for each specimen test, so that there were 4 connectors in each laminated beam. The flexural load of laminated beam test specimen of teak wood with sengon wood using nail connector is bigger 19.2 % than laminated beam using bolt connector although the diameter is smaller. The use of laminated beam with nail connector becomes alternative substitute of whole beam.
EEG dataset classification using CNN method
Authors: Mao W-L , Fathurrahman H I K , Lee Y , Chang T W
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a simple Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) program to classify epileptic seizure. The diagnosis of epileptic seizure involves the identification and different characteristic of the Electroencephalography (EEG) signal. As such, it needs a method for identifying and classifying epileptic seizure. Deep learning is part of a neural network that has the ability and pattern to identify and classify epileptic seizure. CNN has been demonstrated high performance on image classification and pattern detection. In this paper, we combine the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and CNN to classify epileptic seizure. This experiment uses the wavelet transform to convert signal data of EEG to time-frequency domain images. The output of the wavelet transform is an image that will classify into five attributes. In this experiment, we develop a simple program that will compare with other CNN approach (AlexNet and GoogleNet). The results of this experiment are two kinds of data, accuracy, and loss. The resulting accuracy is 72.49%, and the loss is 0.576. This result has a better learning time than GoogleNet and smaller loss result than AlexNet.
Factors affecting the use of mobile news applications
Authors: Pambudi S , Maarif F , Gao Z
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the use of mobile news applications. The research model used in this study was adapted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This study was classified as a quantitative study with data processing using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicated that the Perceived Visual Attractiveness, Perceived Enjoyment, Performance Expectancy, and Effort Expectancy had a positive effect, but Image has no positive effect on Behavioral Intention in using mobile news applications. Also, perceived Behavioral Control and Behavioral Intention have a positive effect on Use Behavior.
Consumer price index prediction using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based cloud computing
Authors: Zahara S , Sugianto  , Ilmiddaviq M B
Published: February 2020

Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is known as optimized Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures that overcome the lack of RNN’s about maintaining long period of memories information. As part of machine learning networks, LSTM also notable as the right choice for time-series prediction. Inflation rate has been used for decision making for central banks also private sector. In Indonesia, CPI (Consumer Price Index) is one of best practice inflation indicators besides Wholesale Price Index and The Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since CPI data could be used as a direction for next inflation move, we conducted CPI prediction model using Long Short Term Memory Method. The network model input consists of 34 variables of staple price in Surabaya and the output is CPI value. In the interest of predictive accuracy improvement, we used several optimization algorithm i.e. Stochastic Gradient Descent (sgd), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSProp), Adaptive Gradient (AdaGrad), Adaptive moment (Adam), Adadelta, Nesterov Adam (Nadam) and Adamax. The result indicate that Nesterov Adam has 4.088 RMSE’s value, less than other algorithm which indicate the most accurate optimization algorithm to predict CPI value.
Numerical simulation of fluid flow characteristics at oxygen gas tank with variations compressibility values using openfoam
Authors: Syamsuri  , Maulana H S , Setyono G
Published: February 2020

Oxygen gas tank is one application of the decompression tank, which is filled with oxygen with a certain pressure. Oxygen storage tubes is very vital in the health sector, both at the clinic and at the hospital, because most people who are sick or who will undergo surgery in desperate need of clean oxygen. In this study the decompression tank was analyzed using numerical simulation methods using OpenFOAM software. Three different compressibility values of oxygen gas (6.90e-03, 6.90e-04, and 6.90e-05) varied in this study. This is done to find out the results of the pressure distribution and velocity in the tank. From the results of the study with variations in oxygen gas compressibility values, we can know that each compressibility value has different pressure distribution and velocity characteristics even though with the same time and the smaller the compressibility value, the pressure distribution and velocity produced are wider and faster propagating
A possibility of artificial neural networks to be applied in the predictive test: A systematic literature review and study case
Authors: Asmara A
Published: February 2020

Artificial Neural Network (ANN’s) was developed continuously and applied to each smart technology. The developing smart tests are continuous with ANN’s possibility applied to increase efficiencies and time of decides. The Predictive Test was developed using the Smart Algorithm with the possibility of ANN to apply. Assessments of ANN implementation have been carried out based on a study in past time. The systematic literature review was used to found possibility implementation ANN’s in the predictive test and combined with the study case. The result showed as ANN’s could implement in the predictive test that used big data inputs. In addition, ANN’s can be implantation on the predictive test such as education predictive test, talent and aptitude test or psychological test.
Digitizing learning assessment to develop students’ critical thinking
Authors: Yulia Y , Susilowati I
Published: February 2020

The objective of this paper is to design a learning assessment program in this education revolution 4.0, the so-called Plickers. It is one of the innovative on-line applications for students’ reading assessment triggering students’ critical thinking as well as their creativity. This research belongs to Educational Research and Development (R&D) which is divided into three main stages: exploration, development, and field-testing phase. The data analysis of this research used descriptive qualitative. Some interviews, document analysis, and classroom observation were employed to collect the data of this study. The reading test through Plickers was designed based on students’ need. The finding shows that both teachers and students positively responded to digitize their learning assessment to accomodate both their critical thinking and creativity.
Increased risk of malaria transmission with warming temperature in the Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Endo Noriko , Eltahir Elfatih A B
Published: February 2020

The heavily populated highlands of Ethiopia are currently at low risk for malaria transmission, but global warming may change the risk level significantly. The inhabitants of the Ethiopian Highlands are highly vulnerable to this potential hazard due to their lack of immunity. Here, we identify hotspots within the Highlands where projected warming towards the end of the 21st century will increase the risk of malaria transmission significantly. Based on projected temperature changes, we conclude that about a third of the region’s population and roughly 14% of its land area will become at high risk for malaria transmission within a century under the high-emissions-no-mitigation baseline scenario for future climate change. Our analysis combines dynamically down-scaled regional climate projections, high resolution satellite observations of temperature, and a village-scale malaria transmission model that was developed based on climatic, environmental, entomological, and medical data collected by our group in comprehensive multi-year field surveys of villages in this region. The projected impacts of global warming on malaria transmission in Africa have been controversial. We propose a framework that reconciles seemingly contradictory conclusions, and informs strategies for climate adaptation not only over the Ethiopian Highlands but broadly over Africa, where more than 90% of malaria deaths occur every year.
Analysing the Influence of Cognitive, Affective, Conative, and Motivation Aspects on Train Passenger’s Deviant Behaviour: Commuter Line, Indonesia
Authors: Zubair A , Chotib
Published: February 2020

Commuter Line in Jakarta and surrounding cities became the best public transportation for urban choice. However, there are still many problems related to behavior deviations. There are several forms of deviant behavior found, such as pickpocketing, sexual abuse, smoking, aggressive passengers, eating and drinking in the carriage, and priority seat abuse. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether there is a significant influence among the cognitive, affective, conative, and motivation aspects of passengers simultaneously and partially to deviant behavior. Mixed-Method research is conducted to understand behavior aspects. Sequential exploratory research model is used with the main focus to explore a phenomenon of train passenger deviant behavior and divided into two stages. The first stage is the collection of qualitative data using observation and in-depth interview methods. The second stage is collecting quantitative data with the survey and distributing questionnaires methods. Multiple linear regression and triangulation analysis are used in this study with several tests such as hypothesis test and coefficient of determination test. The results showed some implication about passenger deviant behavior based on four aspects: cognitive, affective, conative, and motivation. The conclusions explained cognitive, motivation and, conative aspects show very strong influence on deviant behavior.
Mapping Potential Area of Sustainable Food Agriculture Area in Somba Opu Sub-District, Gowa Regency
Authors: Miranti Safira Ayu , Setiadi Hafid , Erthalia Meike
Published: February 2020

Population growth in Indonesia which is increasing causes the need for land to be used as a residential space or housing space to increse. One of the regions in Indonesia that experienced a land cover change of paddy fields into settlements is Somba Opu Sub-District, Gowa Regency. Somba Opu Sub-District is directly adjacent to Makassar City in the North. An effort to overcome changes in agricultural land to non-agriculture land is by making policy regarding the Sustainable Food Agriculture Land. The definition of the Land of Sustainable Food Agriculture is a field of agricultural land that is determined to be protected and developed consistently in order to produce staple food for independence, resilience, and national food sovereignty. The methods used in this study are observation, interviews using questionnaires, and studying the documentations. The criteria of the respondents in this study were paddy field farmers. In determining the number of respondents, this study uses the Slovin formula. The criteria for Sustainable Food Farming are based on Regulation of Ministery of Agriculture No. 7 of 2012. The result shows that Somba Opu Sub-District has an area of potential for Sustainable Food Agricultural Land covering an area of 214 ha and Sustainable Food Agricultural Reserves Land covering an area of 854 ha.
Revitalizing and Reimagining the Indonesian Traditional Market (Case Study : Salaman Traditional Market Indonesia)
Authors: Ardhiansyah Nicolaus Nino , Mahendarto Trias
Published: February 2020

Indonesia traditional market was one of the main economic centres in the past, where farmers, fishermen, gardener, and those whose products were connected to the natural resources could sell their products and consumers could buy them with much cheaper prices. Now, with the rise of small scale supermarkets, online shopping, door-to-door sellers, and more modern marketplace, the traditional markets are threatened to lose their customers. There are also the degrading images of traditional market in the society that further discourage consumers to visit the marketplace. Salaman traditional market is one of the traditional markets that is being affected by these changes, and has begun to lose its customers. With the size of the marketplace’s site, the location, and the economic importance it holds for its suppliers, Salaman District will face a major economic and urban problem if Salaman Traditional Marketplace is to be closed. The government has begun to take notice of the problem by trying to modernize the marketplace, but without careful analysis and full consideration of the main problems, Indonesia might lose one of its unique historic building typologies. This research wishes to evaluate the main reasons on why Salaman market is in the downwind, and using empirical study and primary data collection backed by literature and historic study, this research will try to pinpoint the problems in order to have the best approach to revitalize the marketplace. The steps that is being suggested in the Salaman traditional marketplace can become a precedent for other traditional marketplaces in Indonesia that are facing similar problems, and how the marketplace can still become a cultural and economic centre for the people that surround it.
Disaster Mitigation: Case Study of Kelud Volcano Eruption
Authors: Munandar Adis Imam , Fatahilah Arjun
Published: February 2020

Historical records of disasters in the world find in scriptures, history books, geography, and folklore. This study aims to analyse the mitigation of Mount Kelud eruption with ancient manuscripts. The research method is by examining the ancient script “Goenoeng Keloet,” which is in Javanese with an old spelling. The results showed the difference in height and changes in water sources, and increased temperatures around the mountain, and many indicators of small fish that died mention in ancient manuscripts as a sign of mountain eruption. Ancient manuscripts also say about mitigating volcanic eruptions by planting tamarind trees, no land clearing in the land path, and no houses building.
Effect of Compaction Temperatures on Marshall Properties on Hot Rolled Sheet-Base mixture with the addition of plastic waste
Authors: Khoiri Mohamad , Machsus Machsus , Mawardi Amalia Firdaus , Anggardha Yanotama WP
Published: February 2020

This paper studies the effect of compaction temperatures on Marshall properties on a Hot Rolled Sheet-Base (HRS-Base) mixture with the addition of plastic waste. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) type plastic waste from plastic bottle waste is used in this study as an additional material of HRS-Base mixture. The ‘wet method’ is used to mix the PET into HRS-Base mixture, in which the PET is pre-mixed with asphalt material at the temperatures between 160 °C to 170 °C to create modified asphalt before it is mixed with HRS-Base aggregates. The materials used in this study consist of PET from plastic bottle waste, 60/70 penetration asphalt, Portland cement, and aggregates. The aggregate composition used must meet HRS-Base specifications based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results showed that increasing the compaction temperature of the HRS-Base mixture had an impact on increasing density, Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), Marshall stability, and Marshall Quotient (MQ), while the values of Voids in Mix (VIM), Voids in Mineral Aggregates (VMA), and Flow decreased. In addition, HRS-Base without the addition of PET plastic (conventional HRS-Base) and HRS-Base with the addition of PET plastic (modified HRS-Base) were compared. Conventional HRS-Base has a density value, Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), and Flow higher than those of modified HRS-Base. While, the value of Voids in Mix (VIM), Voids in Mineral Aggregates (VMA), and Marshall stability of conventional HRS-Base are lower than those of modified HRS-Base.
Strengthening the Role of Sharia Public Banking in the Indonesian Construction Industry: Towards an Atmosphere of Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Fatwa Nur
Published: February 2020

The sharia public banking is one of the major finacing methods in Indonesian contraction industry. The big sharia banks such as BTPN Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah, and BRI Syariah (named CR4) play a major role in financing construction industry in Indonesia. The CR4 monopolize the construction industry that causes an unfair competition, while the Financial Control Authority (called Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, OJK) has yet issued regulations that favor small- scale banks. As a result, this competition causes the impact on inequality in financing construction service projects. This paper analyzes the competition within the banking industry, especially sharia public banks, the factors that affect the level of competition, and the improved regulation by the OJK in order to mitigate the competitive fringe competition in the construction financing. This study emphasise that the capital has a significant positive effect in the form of minimum capital limitation regulation. With this regulation, the small scale sharia public bankings would be merged and financially stronger to support the construction projects. This revised regulation aims to achieve the distribution of sustainable urban development implementation in Indonesia.
Strengthening Digital Ecosystems for Sustainable Development in Indonesia: Anticipating Cyber Threats
Authors: Rofii Muhammad Syaroni
Published: February 2020

The digital industry is experiencing rapid development in Indonesia. Indonesian local companies such as Gojek, Tokopedia, Bukalapak and Traveloka have now transformed into big companies and have high valuations which attract foreign direct investment. Considering the enormous opportunities of the digital industry, the Indonesian government itself has a vision to make digital industry and creative industry as supporting elements for sustainable development in Indonesia. In order to prepare a sustainable development ecosystem that has ability to survive, the Indonesian government needs to anticipate cyber threats which later pose a real threat to the industry. This article seeks to analyze the development of the digital industry in Indonesia and anticipation that can be done to prevent cyber threats. From this study the author found a number of facts that the damage and losses caused by cyber attacks are very massive so that preventive solutions are needed. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing primary data from Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK).
Characteristics of Flood Water Level Based on Hydrologic Soil Group Analysis in Temef Watershed
Authors: Welkis D. Frangky B. , Moun Ferry , Lobo Iki , Sri Krisnayanti Denik
Published: February 2020

Temef Watershed is located in the Benanain River Basin with a catchment area of 551.50 km2. River characteristics in the Temef Watershed are influenced by three main river streams from upstream to downstream. Conventional collection of data on watershed characteristics requires a relatively long process and time. However, when based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the cost and time will be more efficient. The floodwater level is affected by the amount of rainwater runoff that occurs in the Temef Watershed. The amount of runoff depends on the level of soil permeability and land cover. To determine the level of soil permeability, hydrogeological maps are used. Based on this, a study of the characteristics of flood waters from GIS-based hydrogeology is needed. The analysis method used ArcGIS overlay on hydrogeological maps, while data on watershed characteristics used the Archydro and HEC-GeoHMS features. The results of the analysis showed a level 3 permeability type with limestone lithology, solid volcanic breccia, sandy marlene, conglomerate, and alluvium consisting of sand and gravel having moderate to high permeability. The metamorphic and basalt rocks have low to moderate permeability and the scaly clay has low to very low permeability. This condition causes runoff that turn into flood streams.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the hydraulics of a spillway
Authors: Damarnegara Satria , Wardoyo Wasis , Perkins Richard , Vincens Eric
Published: February 2020

A spillway is one of the most important features of a dam. It should be able to allow flood discharge to flow and keep its structure stable. The force impacting a spillway is great; hence, it needs a proper design. The design philosophy of a spillway is to maximize its discharge while keeping the water level in the dam low. The discharge capacity of a spillway is mostly predicted based on empirical data derived from idealized conditions with laboratory experiment. To determine actual capacity, a physical test model is usually utilized. However, a physical model needs large amounts of space and time to prepare. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers an interesting method to predict spillway capacity with less time and resources. In this paper, a simulation of flow over an Ogee spillway was performed using the open-source CFD platform called OpenFOAM. The flow is simulated based on the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method to resolve the dynamics of free surface. The simulation results show a good agreement with experimental measurements and the USBR method of calculation.
Study on flow regime change due to weir construction plan in Batang Asai River, Sarolangun, Province of Jambi
Authors: Rizaldi Akbar , Farid Mohammad , Riyando Moe Idham , Kendra Herryan
Published: February 2020

The weir design process not only considers the location, dimensions, strength, and durability of the weir structure, but must also be consider the effect on the flow characteristics in the river after the weir, especially related to the flow velocity characteristic around the weir. The water level will rise and affect the flow velocity downstream of the weir. Because of the fall of water, the velocity will greatly increase and the river can erode. The weir construction on the Batang Asai River, specifically located in Sarolangun, Province of Jambi, has unique conditions that cause the velocity of water after the weir to increase. Several alternatives will be analysed as solutions to deal with changes in flow velocity. The alternatives are groundsill, riverbed normalization, and river crossing widening. It was found that the alternative of river widening showed a significant reduction in flow velocity.
Water availability for irrigation areas of the Gandong river in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dara Lufira Rahmah , Marsudi Suwanto , Montarcih Limantara Lily , Khoirul Ilham Rendy
Published: February 2020

Declining potential of water resources and the highly increased exploration of water resources along with highly increased needs in society demand the analysis of water balance of the Gandong Watershed in Magetan Regency. Analysis results showed that surface water availability that comes from discharges, springs, and drilled wells is 35.144 m3/s in the dry season, 48.050 m3/s in the low season, 59.833 m3/s in the normal season, and 78.163 m3/s in the peak season. The availability of subsurface water is 163.650 m3/s. The surface water requirement of Gandong Watershed is 183.580 m3/s with 55 irrigation areas, and the subsurface water requirement is 118.990 m3/s. The highest surface water deficit is in the Jejeruk Irrigation Area, with 13.680 m3/s or only 1.23% of the needs met in December (dry season), and the highest surplus is in the Gemblung Irrigation Area, with 10.430 m3/s or 100% of the needs fulfilled in February (peak season). Water balance evaluated by the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Software showed only 10 irrigation areas met 100% of the demand. Subsurface water balance is at a surplus condition from January to December. Land water balance is at a deficit condition from May to December.
Discharge prediction of Amprong river using the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model
Authors: Sri Rahayu Wiwin , Tri Juwono Pitojo , Soetopo Widandi
Published: February 2020

An accurate determination of water availability of Amprong River has an important role in the planting system to support the agricultural production process in the Kedungkandang Irrigation Area, because if the availability of water is not precisely determined, there will be an error in regulating irrigation water. To overcome these problems, a good analysis system is needed. One of the time-series models is the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. The model was built by discharge data from 9 periods from 2008/2009 to 2016/2017, and its purpose was to predict the discharge of the 2017/2018 period. There were only five models feasible for use. The best model is the ARIMA model (2, 0, 1) (1, 2, 1)36 with values of MSE = 22.90; KR = 6.00; MSD = 8.05; MAD = 2.04; MAPE = 18.53; and MPE = -8.98.
Conservative management of Lahor Reservoir based on eutrophication conditions due to fish farming and agriculture waste
Authors: Wahyu Sayekti Rini , Amar Sajali Muhammad , Tri Wahyuni Indah
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of water quality, trophic status, abundance and type of phytoplankton, and pollution load, as well as to formulate a conservative effort for reservoir management based on Lahor Reservoir conditions in 2017. The data needed for water quality analysis are total P, NO3-N, NO2-N, NH3-N, BOD, DO, TSS, and pH; hydrological and reservoir data such as rainfall data, the volume of the reservoir, reservoir catchment area, and Lahor reservoir outflow; as well as data on abundance and types of phytoplankton. The results of the water quality analysis of the Lahor Reservoir showed that it did not meet Class II water quality standards and trophic status, being eutrophic to hypereutrophic, which means the Lahor Reservoir has become polluted. The abundance of phytoplankton that occurs in the Lahor Reservoir exceeds the limit of the phytoplankton abundance that has been determined and is dominated by Microcystis blue-green algae. Therefore, the recommended efforts are bioremediation techniques, regulation of reservoir operation patterns, application of the Trophic Level-Based Aquaculture (TLBA) system, and introduction of rotifer zooplankton.
The design of an artificial lake as a reservoir for potential rainwater from rainfall for daily usage: a case study of Pangandaran in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widyaningsih Ida , Abu Bakar Bakhtiar , Kusdian Didin
Published: February 2020

Pangandaran Regency is located in the Province of West Java and consists of the subdistricts of Parigi, Cijulang, Cimerak, Cigugur, Langkaplancar, Mangunjaya, Padaherang, Kalipucang, Pangandaran, and Sidamulih. The capital of Pangandaran Regency is located in Parigi Sub-District. The rapid growth in the area has resulted in increased water demands, which in turn has resulted in an imbalance between water availability and water needs. To restore the function of recharge areas, Pangandaran Reservoir was built in order to conserve water. In addition to its function to recharge, the reservoir can be used as a source of raw water supply for Pangandaran Regency. In its operation, the water collected in the reservoir must be used optimally to meet the needs of various sectors. To achieve this goal, a study of reservoir operations is needed. This study of reservoir operations includes analysis of rainfall, analysis of water availability using the F.J. Mock method and NRECA, analysis of reliable discharge, and analysis of needs for various needs such as irrigation and drinking water for the people. By using water equilibrium as well as minimum and maximum storage limits (effective storage), the fulfilment of water needs for domestic, municipal, and irrigation or industrial use can be known.
Effect of the Nanjung tunnel construction against flood inundation in Dayeuhkolot
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad , Sudono Irfan , Subrata Oky , Galihsukma Lintang , Nugraha Tifan
Published: February 2020

Floods that occur in the Upper Citarum River Basin are generally caused by flood discharge that exceeds the capacity of the Citarum River. Dayeuhkolot is one of the areas that is often flooded in the Upper Citarum River Basin. The Citarum River Authority has made efforts to handle floods in Upper Citarum by constructing the Nanjung Tunnel. When floods occur, Nanjung Tunnel will function to divide the water partially into the tunnel and through the Curug Jompong. SOBEK Model was utilized to find out the effect of the Nanjung Tunnel against flood inundation in Dayeuhkolot. This flood modelling also accommodates other efforts that have been made by BBWS Citarum such as the Cieunteung Pond and Cisangkuy Floodway. A 20-year return period was used for modelling. From the results of the modelling, it was found that difference in flood inundation area with and without the Nanjung Tunnel was 12.5 Ha or 3.5 %, with the duration of the overall inundation being reduced by 4.9 hours. Nanjung Tunnel does not have a great influence on the area of inundation, but it has an effect on reducing the duration of floods that occur in Dayeuhkolot.
Potential use of crushed pyroclastic rocks from mount Kelud as alternative backfill materials
Authors: Primantyo Hendrawan Andre , Suprijanto Heri , Yuliani Emma
Published: February 2020

Pumice and scoria are pyroclastic rocks that can be found where volcanic mountains appear. In Indonesia, pumice and scoria are found in large deposits in the area of Mount Kelud at Kali Putih River in Blitar Regency, Province of East Java. Thus, it is important to evaluate their potential uses as alternative backfill materials. Standard Proctor compaction tests were conducted to determine the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) to evaluate their compaction properties. Constant head permeability tests were also conducted to determine the coefficients of permeability. Direct shear tests were also applied to investigate the shear strength characteristics of these materials. The results showed that the MDD values of scoria are slightly higher than pumice. The OMC values of pumice and scoria are 23% and 15.5%, respectively. The internal friction angle of pumice and scoria are higher than natural sand, which are approximately 55-64º and 46-59º respectively. Pumice and scoria with different relative densities had coefficients of permeability that ranged from 0.0003 to 0.002 cm/s and 0.001 to 0.002 cm/s respectively. Due to their mechanical properties, it can be concluded that these materials have potential as alternative backfill materials.
The Heintze-Karcher inequality for metric measure spaces
Authors: Ketterer Christian
Published: February 2020

In this note we prove the Heintze-Karcher inequality in the context of essentially non-branching metric measure spaces satisfying a lower Ricci curvature bound in the sense of Lott-Sturm-Villani. The proof is based on the needle decomposition technique for metric measure spaces introduced by Cavalletti-Mondino. Moreover, in the class of

R
C
D

RCD

spaces with positive curvature the equality case is characterized.
Acute Stress-Induced Coagulation Activation in Patients With Remitted Major Depression Versus Healthy Controls and the Role of Stress-Specific Coping
Authors: von Känel Roland , Merz Franziska , Pfister Hildegard , Brückl Tanja , Zimmermann Petra , Uhr Manfred , Holsboer Florian , Höhne Nina , Ising Marcus
Published: February 2020

Background

Depressed patients have an increased risk of myocardial infarction, for which acute stress is a frequent trigger. Prothrombotic changes could be one involved mechanism that can be modulated by psychological coping.

Purpose

We examined the effects of remitted major depression and situation-specific coping strategies on stress-induced coagulation activation.

Methods

Forty patients with remitted depression and 23 healthy controls underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, rating applied coping strategies thereafter. Blood was sampled at baseline and 15 and 45 min poststress to measure fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (VWF) and D-dimer. Coagulation activation over time was quantified as area under the curve (AUC) with respect to baseline activity. Standardized z-scores of individual coagulation AUC measures were added up to a prothrombotic index.

Results

Stress provoked significant VWF (p = .024) and D-dimer (p = .002) responses. Remitted depressed patients used positive distraction coping more frequently than controls did (p = .030). Coagulation AUC measures were similar in both groups. In all participants, higher positive coping total (p = 0.009), driven by devaluation/defense (p = .022) and distraction (p = .004) coping, was associated with a lower prothrombotic index. In controls, but not in remitted depressed patients, higher positive coping total (p = .008), driven by higher devaluation/defense (p = .010) and distraction (p = .023) coping, was associated with lower VWF AUC.

Conclusions

Despite the use of favorable coping strategies in a specific stress situation, remitted depressed patients may benefit less from a positive effect of positive situational coping on coagulation activation than controls. Such a mechanism could partially explain the increased risk of myocardial infarction in depressed individuals.
Chronic Dantrolene Treatment Does Not Affect Hypertension, but Attenuates Sympathetic Stimulation Enhanced Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility in SHR
Authors: Lee Jae S , Greco Lisa , Migirov Allan , Li Ying , Gerdes A Martin , Zhang Youhua
Published: February 2020

Background

Ryanodine receptor (RyR) dysfunction in skeletal muscle (RyR1) leads to malignant hyperthermia, and in cardiac muscle (RyR2) triggers cardiac arrhythmias. We hypothesized that RyR dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle could increase vascular resistance and hypertension, and may contribute to increased atrial fibrillation (AF) in hypertension. Thus, stabilizing RyR function with chronic dantrolene treatment may attenuate hypertension and AF inducibility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods

Male SHR (16 weeks old) were randomized into vehicle- (n = 10) and dantrolene-treated (10 mg/kg/day, n = 10) groups for 4 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY, n = 11) rats served as controls. Blood pressures (BP) were monitored before and during the 4-week treatment. After 4-week treatment, direct BP, echocardiography, and hemodynamics were recorded. AF inducibility tests were performed in vivo at baseline and repeated under sympathetic stimulation (SS).

Results

Compared with WKY, SHR had significantly higher BP throughout the experimental period. Dantrolene treatment had no effect on BP levels in SHR (final systolic BP 212 ± 9 mm Hg in vehicle group vs. 208 ± 16 mm Hg in dantrolene group, P > 0.05). AF inducibility was very low and not significantly different between 5-month-old WKY and SHR at baseline. However, under SS, AF inducibility and duration were significantly increased in SHR (20% in WKY vs. 60% in SHR-vehicle, P<0.05). Dantrolene treatment significantly attenuated AF inducibility under SS in SHR (60% in vehicle vs. 20% in dantrolene, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Stabilizing RyR with chronic dantrolene treatment does not affect hypertension development in SHR. SHR has increased vulnerability to AF induction under SS, which can be attenuated with dantrolene treatment.
Russellian physicalism and protophenomenal properties
Authors: Alter Torin , Coleman Sam
Published: February 2020

According to Russellian monism, phenomenal consciousness is constituted by inscrutables: intrinsic properties that categorically ground dispositional properties described by fundamental physics. On Russellian physicalism, those inscrutables are construed as protophenomenal properties: non-structural properties that both categorically ground dispositional properties and, perhaps when appropriately structured, collectively constitute phenomenal properties. Morris and Brown (Journal of Consciousness Studies 2016, 2017) argue that protophenomenal properties cannot serve this purpose, given assumptions Russellian monists typically make about the modal profile of such properties. Those assumptions, it is argued, entail that protophenomenal properties are ‘experience specific’, that is, they are individuated by their potential to constitute phenomenal properties, and are thus not genuinely physical. However, we argue, that reasoning assumes that physical inscrutables must be individuated in terms of their (actual or possible) grounding roles. Not only is that assumption questionable: it is antithetical to Russellian monism.
Covering Array Constructors: An Experimental Analysis of Their Interaction Coverage and Fault Detection
Authors: Huang Rubing , Chen Haibo , Zhou Yunan , Yueh Chen Tsong , Towey Dave , Fai Lau Man , Ng Sebastian , Merkel Robert , Chen Jinfu
Published: February 2020

Combinatorial interaction testing (CIT) aims at constructing a covering array (CA) of all value combinations at a specific interaction strength, to detect faults that are caused by the interaction of parameters. CIT has been widely used in different applications, with many algorithms and tools having been proposed to support CA construction. To date, however, there appears to have been no studies comparing different CA constructors when only some of the CA test cases are executed. In this paper, we present an investigation of five popular CA constructors: ACTS, Jenny, PICT, CASA and TCA. We conducted empirical studies examining the five programs, focusing on interaction coverage and fault detection. The experimental results show that when there is no preference or special justification for using other CA constructors, then Jenny is recommended—because it achieves better interaction coverage and fault detection than the other four constructors in many cases. Our results also show that when using ACTS or CASA, their CAs must be prioritized before testing. The main reason for this is that these CAs can result in considerable interaction coverage or fault detection capabilities when executing a large number of test cases; however, they may also produce the lowest rates of fault detection and interaction coverage.
Long-term effectiveness of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Authors: Samuel Michelle , Abrahamowicz Michal , Joza Jacqueline , Beauchamp Marie-Eve , Essebag Vidal , Pilote Louise
Published: February 2020

Aims

Randomized trials suggest reductions in all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) rehospitalizations with catheter ablation (CA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and HF. Whether these results can be replicated in a real-world population with long-term follow-up or varies over time is unknown. We sought to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of CA in reducing the incidence of all-cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, stroke, and major bleeding in AF–HF patients.

Methods and results

In a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with AF–HF in Quebec, Canada (2000–2017), CA patients were matched 1:2 to controls on time and frequency of hospitalizations. Confounders were controlled for using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for the presence of cardiac electronic implantable devices and medication use during follow-up, and the effect of time since CA was modelled with B-splines. For non-fatal outcomes, the Lunn–McNeil approach was used to account for the competing risk of death. Among 101 933 AF–HF patients, 451 underwent CA and were matched to 899 controls. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 years, CA was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 0.4 (95% confidence interval 0.2–0.7)], but no difference in stroke or major bleeding. The hazard of HF rehospitalization for CA patients, relative to non-CA patients, varied with time since CA (P = 0.01), with a reduction in HF rehospitalizations until approximately 3 years post-CA.

Conclusion

Compared with matched non-CA patients, CA was associated with a long-term reduction in all-cause mortality and a reduction in HF rehospitalizations until 3 years post-CA.
Gut microbial diversity during pregnancy and early infancy: an exploratory study in the Indian population
Authors: Kumbhare Shreyas V , Patangia Dhrati V , Mongad Dattatray S , Bora Abhijeet , Bavdekar Ashish R , Shouche Yogesh S
Published: February 2020

The gut microbial community is known to influence the human health and disease state and is shaped by various factors since birth. It is now evident that understanding the alterations in these commensal microbes during crucial stages of life is of utmost importance to determine and predict the health status of an individual. To study the gut microbiota in two such vital stages, pregnancy and infancy, we analyzed gut microbial communities from 20 mother-infant dyads at different stages of pregnancy and early infancy. In total, we analyzed 80 fecal samples for profiling the gut microbial community using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. We observed no significant alterations in the gut bacterial diversity during pregnancy; however, significant alterations were observed during the period from birth to six months in infants, with a reduction in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus and an increase in Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus with a more stable microbial community at the age of six months.
Construction of artificial membrane transport metabolons – an emerging strategy in metabolic engineering
Authors: Oreb Mislav
Published: February 2020

The term ‘membrane transport metabolon’ refers to the physical association of membrane transporters with enzymes that metabolize the transported substrates. In naturally evolved systems, physiological relevance of coupling transport with sequential enzymatic reactions resides, for instance, in faster turnover rates, protection of substrates from competing pathways or shielding the cellular environment from toxic compounds. Such underlying principles offer attractive possibilities for metabolic engineering approaches and concepts for constructing artificial transporter-enzyme complexes are recently being developed. In this minireview, the modes of substrate channeling across biological membranes and design principles for artificial transport metabolons are discussed.
Dynamics of lake trout production in the main basin of Lake Huron
Authors: He Ji X , Bence James R , Madenjian Charles P , Claramunt Randall M
Published: February 2020

To inform lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) fishery management in Lake Huron that has undergone rapid ecosystem changes, we quantified lake trout production dynamics by coupling age-structured stock assessment and fish bioenergetics models. Our approach revealed the connection between piscivore production and prey consumption, included growth compensation to reproduction losses, and allowed comparisons between long-term dynamics of fishery harvests and fish production. We found that, despite the collapse of alewives, a major non-native pelagic prey fish, lake trout production appeared to be sustainable. To a certain degree, the effect of recent recruitment declines on lake trout production was offset by the release of harvest pressure from subadult lake trout and reduction in fishing and sea lamprey-induced mortality on adult lake trout. Evidence for sustainability also included the finding that no changes in average ratios of annual production to beginning-of-the-year biomass. Juvenile P:B ratio remained as high as 2.1. The effect of growth declines on adult and subadult production was offset by reduction in population mortality. Body growth and condition did not continue to decline when lake trout became more and more reliant on round goby as food, and the dynamics of total consumption of prey fish continued to be recipient controlled.
A priori analysis of a higher-order nonlinear elasticity model for an atomistic chain with periodic boundary condition
Authors: Wang Yangshuai , Zhang Lei , Wang Hao
Published: February 2020

Nonlinear elastic models are widely used to describe the elastic response of crystalline solids, for example, the well-known Cauchy–Born model. While the Cauchy–Born model only depends on the strain, effects of higher-order strain gradients are significant and higher-order continuum models are preferred in various applications such as defect dynamics and modeling of carbon nanotubes. In this paper we rigorously derive a higher-order nonlinear elasticity model for crystals from its atomistic description in one dimension. We show that, compared to the second-order accuracy of the Cauchy–Born model, the higher-order continuum model in this paper is of fourth-order accuracy with respect to the interatomic spacing in the thermal dynamic limit. In addition we discuss the key issues for the derivation of higher-order continuum models in more general cases. The theoretical convergence results are demonstrated by numerical experiments.