bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal melanoma
Authors: Mattoo Sobhna , Azad Sheenam , Thakur Brijesh , Acharya Seema
Published: June 2021

Nasopharyngeal melanoma is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of about 0.3/10 lac per year and has a slight female predominance. It can arise from stem melanocytes and mature melanocytes of the submucosa that have acquired genetic alterations, may be due to tobacco, trauma and oxidative stress. It resembles other common polypoidal lesions; therefore, histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis. Lack of specific clinical features often leads to a delay in diagnosis.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and its vaccines
Authors: Jeddy Nadeem , Lakshmi Sai L J
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus. Most of the people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild-to-moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems are more likely to develop serious illness. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, and caused an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia. Being highly transmissible, this novel coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, has spread fast all over the world. It has overwhelmingly surpassed SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome in terms of both the number of infected people and the epidemic areas. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. Infections caused by these viruses are an enormous global health threat. Hence, the government has established fast-tracking research to develop rapid diagnostic test kits and vaccines at low cost. This review highlights the vaccines available against COVID 19 worldwide and its implications.
Comparison of external versus diode laser conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal bypass tube placement in proximal canalicular blocks
Authors: Goel Ruchi , Kishore Divya , Kumar Sushil , Nagpal Smriti
Published: June 2021

AIMS:

Hyperlacrimation due to ocular surface or lid abnormality was ruled out and apposition of lower punctum to globe was checked.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

This was a pilot study at a tertiary eye care center where 40 patients of proximal canalicular block <8 mm on probing were divided into two equal groups. The external CDCR group underwent routine dacryocystorhinostomy with partial carunculectomy. A tract was created from canthus to nasal cavity with von Graefe knife. In the laser CDCR group, the osteotomy was created using 980 mm diode laser with a power of 8 W. Glass tubes of appropriate length were placed and fixed using 5-0 polypropylene with our "mirror tuck technique." Results were analyzed using the Chi-square test for parametric and ANOVA test for nonparametric variables using SPSS software.

RESULTS:

Success defined as patency on syringing was achieved in 18 patients in the laser group and 16 in the external CDCR group which was comparable (P > 0.05). Complications include tube extrusion, dislocation, conjunctival overgrowth, and sump syndrome.

CONCLUSION:

Laser and external CDCRs are both effective and safe procedures for the treatment of proximal canalicular blocks with comparable success rates and complications.
A rare presentation of anterior dislocation of calcified capsular bag in a spontaneously absorbed cataractous eye
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Kaur Kirandeep , Gireesh Prasanth
Published: June 2021

Spontaneous lens absorption and dislocation of empty capsular bag in anterior chamber is an extremely rare phenomenon. The common predisposing factors can be weak zonular structure as in pseudoexfoliative syndrome, historical trauma or spontaneous absorption of hypermature morgagnian cataract. Here we describe a unique and rare presentation of a 53 years old gentleman who presented with defective vision in right eye (RE) for past 7 months. Visual acuity in RE was finger counting close to face and 6/60 in the left eye (LE). Anterior segment examination revealed a translucent membrane with rolled up margins in the right anterior chamber, anterior lens capsule calcification and posterior capsular breach, iridodonesis, pseudoexfoliation, sluggish pupil, and aphakia along with few vitreous strands. B scan revealed cortical matter in the anterior vitreous face in RE. The patient was planned for membrane removal, pars plana vitrectomy along with scleral fixation of intraocular lens. This case highlights the extremely rare presentation of capsular bag in anterior chamber in a spontaneously absorbed cataractous eye.
The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hao Nguyen Van , Huyen Nguyen Ngoc My , Ny Nguyen Thi Han , Trang Vo Thi Nhu , Hoang Nguyen Van Minh , Thuy Duong Bich , Nguyen Nguyen Thanh , Lieu Pham Thi , Duong Ha Thi Hai , Thuy Tran Thi Diem , Nhat Phung Tran Huy , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Boni Maciej F. , Yen Lam Minh , Tan Le Van , Thanh Tran Tan , Campbell James , Thwaites C. Louise
Published: June 2021

Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C. tetani. Anti-tetanus toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Clostridium tetani toxigenicity was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Toxigenic C. tetani was cultured from stool samples in 50 of 100 (50%) tetanus cases and 12 of 28 (42.9%) control subjects (P = 0.50), and stool samples of 44 of 85 (52.4%) tetanus cases with clinically identified wounds compared with 6 of 15 (47.6%) patients without clinically identified wounds (P = 0.28). Nine of 12 (75%) control subjects with toxigenic C. tetani in their stool samples lacked protective antibody concentrations. These findings fail to show evidence of an association between gastrointestinal C. tetani and tetanus infection, but emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
Case Report: Treatment of a Severe Puff Adder Snakebite Without Antivenom Administration
Authors: Wakasugi Masahiro , Kawagishi Toshiomi , Hatano Tomoya , Shibuya Tadaki , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsui Kotaro
Published: June 2021

Antivenoms are the treatment of choice for managing lethal snakebites. However, antivenoms may not be available in instances where non-native vipers are kept in captivity. We report a case of a puff adder (Bitis arietans) bite treated without antivenom. A 23-year-old man was bitten on his left hand by a puff adder that he illegally kept in his house. The swelling spread rapidly to the upper arm and there was a risk of bleeding, suggesting the need for antivenom administration, but this could not be acquired because of lack of stock. We initiated fluid resuscitation and administered recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) to prevent venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment was also performed to reduce local swelling. The patient recovered without complications after the multidisciplinary treatment. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of rTM administration and HBO therapy as an adjunct or alternative therapy with antiserum for fatal snakebite.
Prosociality in Relation to Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona
Published: June 2021

Prosociality, understood as the capacity to act in a way that benefits others, is an important feature for emerging adults to fulfill their personal needs and fulfill developmental tasks. This life period is a time of exploration within various areas of life, enabling individuals to try out and choose own worldview, lifestyle, work and preferred patterns of interpersonal relationships. This review aims at bringing together the evidence on how prosociality (prosocial orientations, values, behaviors) or deficits in such features may be linked to the fulfillment of three basic human needs as conceptualized by the self-determination theory in emerging adults. The relation of prosociality to the three tasks in the context of development in emerging adulthood: (1) reaching autonomy from the family of origin, (2) achieving own identity and (3) establishing positive relationships with others, are outlined based on a literature review. Implications for future research are also provided.
eTourism for Socio-Economic Development
Authors: Inversini Alessadro , Rega Isabella
Published: June 2021

Tourism has often been described as an economic driving force that contributes to rural and emerging economies development. However, when it comes to the social aspect of development the nature of this contribution is still debated by academics. Information and Communication Technologies can help enhancing the socio-economic contribution of tourism by fostering community-based tourism independent marketing and sales dis-intermediation. eT4D can be defined as the independent use of technologies by micro and small community based tourism firms to market and sell their products and services thus fostering local socio-economic development.
Linking Destinations Through Sustainable Cultural Routes
Authors: Pattanaro Giulio , Pistocchi Filippo
Published: June 2021

The potential for cultural routes to promote tourism destinations and increase their competitiveness has been more and more recognised at both European and global level. Planning and developing a cultural route linking together different tourism destinations is a rather difficult and complex process. This analysis will concern the proposal – promoted by a French-based pro-Europe association – to create a European cultural route dedicated to Charlemagne., The main findings are expected to serve, inter alia, as a useful toolbox for those tourism decision-makers who are directly involved in the design and development of cultural routes.
Industry 4.0 in the Italian automotive industry
Authors: Zirpoli Francesco , Cabigiosu Anna
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes the Italian auto industry investments in Industry 4.0 technologies and firms’ perceived risks, constraints and limits to new technologies adoption. Results show that firms 4.0 are those at the higher level of the supply pyramid and closer to the final market, and are among the most innovative, dynamic and performing companies. Particularly firms invested to improve the Production, Quality, Logistics and Maintenance areas. The study also analyzes the relevance of the Italian Government’s plan for sustaining innovative investments and overall the main risks and constraints that could hinder the activation of Industry 4.0 initiatives in this setting.
Federn lesen: Eine Literaturgeschichte des Gänsekiels von den Anfängen bis ins 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wernli Martina
Published: June 2021

Die erstmals erzählte Geschichte der Gänsefeder als bedeutendes und symbolträchtiges Schreibwerkzeug. Vom Mittelalter bis zur Einführung der Stahlfeder im 19. Jahrhundert war die Gänsefeder das meistgebrauchte Schreibwerkzeug in Europa. Doch um als Schreibfeder genutzt werden zu können, musste der Gänsekiel mit großem Können zugespitzt und bearbeitet werden. Das Wissen um die Techniken der Fertigung und des Gebrauchs sind größtenteils verschollen. Martina Wernli hat intensiv geforscht und versammelt nun Quellen aus unterschiedlichen Sprachen. Sie zeigt, wie die Gänsefeder die europäische Schriftkultur über Jahrhunderte geprägt hat und wie dem Schreibwerkzeug von Anfang an zudem eine übertragene Bedeutung zukam, denn die Feder steht auch für Schreibprozesse und literarisches Schreiben selbst. Die komparatistisch ausgerichtete Analyse verdeutlicht, wie sich in der Feder bildliches Sprechen und materielle Grundlage gegenseitig bedingen. Eine spannende Ding-, Medien-, Technik-, Kultur- und Literaturgeschichte.
El derecho digital y de las nuevas tecnologías: su importancia en el gobierno y en la empresa
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú, Núñez Ponce Julio
Published: June 2021

El derecho digital y de las nuevas tecnologías tiene incidencia e importancia en la sociedad automatizada y global, donde el ritmo tecnológico permite a personas de todo el mundo utilizar las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones. En este trabajo se analizan los distintos ámbitos de aplicación e interrelación entre el derecho y la tecnología: personas, acto jurídico, matrimonio por Internet, conciliación por medios electrónicos, ley de firmas y certificados digitales, promoción de banda ancha, delitos informáticos. Asimismo, se analiza la Ley de Gobierno Digital y la transformación digital del Poder Judicial. En el acápite «El enfoque digital y el derecho corporativo» se trata la protección de datos personales, el teletrabajo, la afectación tributaria de los servicios digitales y la protección al consumidor en el comercio electrónico. En las conclusiones se resalta la importancia y trascendencia de la disciplina.
Límites a la docencia en los servidores y funcionarios públicos
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Hurtado Magán Giovana
Published: June 2021

La Constitución Política del Perú establece que los servidores públicos en general no pueden percibir doble remuneración o ingresos del Estado; además, con respecto a ciertos altos funcionarios, señala la incompatibilidad con el ejercicio de otras actividades públicas o privadas, facultando únicamente la función docente. La contratación de funcionarios como docentes en las instituciones de la Administración Pública se efectúa frecuentemente mediante los mecanismos que establece la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado; esta norma, sin embargo, señala diversas incompatibilidades para ser participante, postor o contratista en los procesos de selección. Mediante una metodología de análisis hermenéutico, se analizan las normas que establecen limitaciones y facultan el ejercicio docente de los servidores públicos en general, así como de los jueces, los fiscales, los congresistas, los miembros de la Junta Nacional de Justicia y del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones.
O tornar-se sujeito nos currículos de ciências e biologia
Authors: Moreira Catarina de Cassia , Ferreira Marcia Serra
Published: June 2021

O artigo investiga como as identidades dissidentes (Paul B. Preciado) tem sido subjetivadas nos (e pelos) currículos de Ciências e Biologia. No diálogo com Michel Foucault, Judith Butler e Thomas Popkewitz, analisa produções acadêmicas nos anais do ENEBIO (2016 e 2018), problematizando como os discursos acadêmicos participam dos processos de tornar-se sujeito, produzindo pesquisas e relatos que nos informam quem devemos ser em termos de gêneros e sexualidades e, simultaneamente, que conhecimentos devemos ensinar e aprender sobre essas temáticas. Em meio aos jogos de saber e poder, assume a produtividade de se pensar genealogias outras, assim como construir espaços-tempos para possibilitar discursivamente outros modos de ser e estar no mundo, que não só aquelas cisgêneras e heterossexuais.
ON THE EPITHESIS -T- IN THE PLURAL FORMS OF OSSETIAN NOUNS
Authors: ГУТИЕВА Э.Т.
Published: June 2021

Нарушение нормы может являться симптомом глубоких языковых и экстралингвистических процессов и их комбинации. В статье делается попытка всестороннего анализа нерегулярной формы множественного числа осетинского существительного ус ‘жена, женщина’ с эпитезой -т-/-t- устытæ ‘жёны, женщины’, обобщения существующих гипотез ретроспекции ее семантического, фонетического и морфологического развития. Лексему следует рассматривать в широком сопоставительном аспекте с привлечением данных различных языков, а также в контексте сопоставления с собственно осетинскими лексемами, также имеющими в исходе основы неэтимологический глухой дентальный согласный. Задачей исследования является поиск и обоснование максимально исчерпывающего списка вероятных и даже маловероятных факторов, обусловивших асимметрию в парадигме склонения. В качестве таких факторов рассматриваются фонетические процессы – парагога, действия процесса аналогии, морфологические и морфонологические причины.
Возможно рассматривать эпитезу -т-/-t- как фоссилизацию форманта множественного числа вследствие грамматической синекдохи, следовательно, формы множественного числа целого ряда осетинских лексем, а также этнонимов и фамильных имен можно рассматривать как тавтологическое множественное.

Violation of the norm can be a symptom of deep linguistic and extralinguistic processes and their combination. The present article makes an attempt to comprehensively analyze the irregular plural form of the Ossetian noun us ‘wife, woman’ with the epithesis -т - / - t- ustyta ‘wife, women’, generalizing the existing hypotheses of retrospection of its semantic, phonetic and morphological development. The lexeme should be considered in a broad comparative aspect with the involvement of data from different languages, as well as in the context of comparison with the proper Ossetian lexemes, which also have a non-etymological final voiceless dental consonant in their basis. The task of the research is to find and substantiate the most exhaustive list of probable and even unlikely factors that caused asymmetry in the declination paradigm. As such factors are considered phonetic processes - paragogue, actions of the analogy process, morphological and morphonological reasons.
It is possible to consider the epithesis -т - / - t- as fossilization of the plural formant due to the grammatical synecdoche, therefore, the plural forms of a number of Ossetian lexemes, as well as ethnonyms and family names can be considered as tautological plural.
Comparative Analysis of Financial Performance Upon Automotive Companies Registered in BEI
Authors: Mas'adah Ninik , Megasyara Ira , Imawan Amrizal , Rosiawan Rizky Wahyudha
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to determine the financial performance of automotive companies listed on the IDX for the period 2012 to 2015. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study, with a total population of 13 companies and a sample of 6 automotive companies that have been selected from the population with using purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is a comparison method consisting of a cross sectional approach and time series analysis. The results show that the results of calculations using the cross-sectional approach, automotive companies in Indonesia for the 2012-2015 period experienced fluctuations and experienced a decline in the industry average at the end of 2015 and many automotive companies were in unhealthy condition in the 2012-2015 period. Based on the results of time series analysis of automotive companies in 2012-2015, it is known that the Total Assets Turn Over has decreased, the results on Net Profit Margin have decreased, the results on the current ratio have decreased, the result of the leverage ratio has increased. The management of automotive companies in Indonesia needs to increase investment in assets, because if the level of liquidity is high but the investment in assets is small, the money or cash available will only be stored and have less value for the company.
DISKURS I ULOGA DISKURSNIH AKTIVNOSTI U UČIONICI STRANOG JEZIKA
Authors: Šuvakovic Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

Considerare il discorso significa riferirsi non solo al piano dell’enunciato
(grammaticale, lessicale, semiotico, sintattico), ma anche ai processi di produzione e
interpretazione del testo. Questi processi attivano risorse di carattere cognitivo e sociale.
A partire dagli anni Ottanta si assiste a una proliferazione del termine discorso nelle
scienze del linguaggio, tanto al singolare (dominio del discorso, analisi del discorso)
quanto al plurale (i discorsi), a seconda che ci si riferisca alla attività verbale in generale
oppure a particolari eventi discorsivi. La diffusione di questo termine è il sintomo di
una modificazione nel modo di concepire il linguaggio. Parlando di discorso si prende
posizione a favore di una particolare concezione del linguaggio e della semantica, che
dipende dalla influenza di diverse correnti pragmatiche che hanno sottolineato un certo
numero di idee forza. L’analisi del discorso ha mostrato che il senso non è in ciò che
gli enunciati ‘dicono’. Il discorso implica una lettura seconda che è quella del senso
interno, delle modalità della sua produzione, delle condizioni della sua emergenza e
delle possibilità del suo riconoscimento. Tutto ciò diventa specialmente importante in
un’aula di lingua straniera – una scatola nera- dove spetta all’insegnante includere nel

processo di insegnameto le attivittà discorsive per sviluppare le competenze socioculturali, lingvistiche, strategiche ecc. necessarie per acquisire la competenza comunicatiвa

assieme alla capacità pragmatica di ogni singolo studente.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Perinatal Asphyxia in Newborns at Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi
Authors: Ochoga M O , Ejeliogu E U , Michael A , Ajeh A O , Abah R O , Eseigbe E E , Abdallah R , Samba B N
Published: June 2021

Perinatal asphyxia is a global neonatal problem, which significantly contributes to both neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of perinatal asphyxia in Makurdi, Nigeria. A retrospective review of clinical data of all newborns managed at the Special Care Baby Unit of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital over a 5 year period (January 2015-December 2019) was carried out using the research clinical data form. Maternal information including biodata, obstetric history, perinatal events as well as neonates' presentation and outcomes were reviewed. All inborn neonates with Apgar scores <7 at 5 min or out-born neonates with no recorded Apgar scores but with history of poor cry/inability to cry at birth were classified as asphyxiated. Out of the 1142 neonates admitted during the study period, 127 neonates had perinatal asphyxia with prevalence of 11.1%. Eighty-four (66.1%) of the newborns were males, while 43(33.9%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.95:1 Majority of the newborns(89.1%) were managed and discharged without early neurologic complications; eight survived with early neurologic complications, eight were discharged against medical advice, while 7 newborns died, giving a case fatality rate of 5.5%.Risk factors significantly associated were Meconium-stained amniotic fluid(P=0.002) ,fetal presentation (P=0.030),and birth attendants (P=0.001). The burden of perinatal asphyxia still persists in our environment. Associated factors in this study were meconium-stained liquor and unskilled birth attendants. Hence pregnant women should be encouraged to attend antenatal care and should ensure skilled birth attendants attend delivery with capacity to conduct safe delivery and institute neonatal resuscitation when necessary.
Implementasi Algoritma Djikstra untuk Menentukan Lokasi dan Jarak Tempuh Terpendek Bank Syariah di Samarinda
Authors: Setiawan Yusuf Arif , Gata Windu , Sidik  , Nova Arviantino Fariszal
Published: June 2021

Bank Syariah menjadi prefrensi utama bagi sebagian penganut agama Islam saat bertransaksi atau menyimpan uangnya.  Walaupun sudah lama konsep Bank Syariah ada di Indonesia, namun hingga saat ini keberadaan Bank Syariah belum banyak diketahui masyarakat. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena jumlah Bank Syariah masih dapat dihitung dengan jari. Hal lainnya, lokasi Bank Syariah juga jarang menempati jalan protokol, sehingga sulit ditemukan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan informasi rute terdekat yang dapat dilalui menuju kantor Bank Syariah. Untuk penentuan rute terdekat digunakan Algoritma yang biasa dipakai untuk pencarian rute terpendek yaitu Algoritma Dijkstra. Dengan adanya informasi rute terdekat dari pasar menuju kantor Bank Syariah, maka ketika dalam keadaan mendesak nasabah tidak lagi kesulitan mencari jalur yang paling dekat menuju kantor Bank Syariah
Congenital Pathological Formation of Maxillary Incisive Tooth in The Crossbreed Calf: A Case Re-port
Authors: BADEMKIRAN Servet , YEŞİLMEN ALP Simten , EKİNCİ Elif
Published: June 2021

In the examination of a five-year-old South Anatolian Red and a Simental cross-breed, dystocia was found to be related to the presentation disorder of the calf. In the clinical examination of the 24-kg male calf delivered by the extraction force, were found to have 7 incisive teeth pathologically in maxilla of the calf. In the following days, in the examinations of the cow, wounds on her mother's udder have appeared depending on the sucking of the calf and consequently mastitis detected. X-rays were taken from various angles to determine the root depth of the roots of the incisive teeth in the maxilla before the operation. Then, incisive teeth were removed with operation from the maxilla accompanied by mild sedation and local anesthesia. It was seen that the calf’s non closing mouth due to incisive teeth in maxilla before the operation, return to normal and there was no function problem.
The Comparison of Left Ventricular Myocardial Performance Index (Tei index) in Term and Prema-ture Neonatal Calves
Authors: NASERİ Amir , TURGUT Kürşat , AKYÜZ Enes , AKAR Aybars , YILDIZ Ramazan , ŞEN İsmail
Published: June 2021

The neonatal heart is different from the adult heart in regard to both biochemical and structural features. Echocardiographic studies in human neonatology show that the myocardial function of left ventricle (LV) of premature infants differs from term infants. No study involving myocardial performance index (MPI) in neonatal animals has been performed until now. The objective of the present study was to evaluate LV MPI in premature calves and compare it to healthy newborn term calves. Ten healthy term and 20 premature calves were used. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed at days 1, 2, and 3 after birth and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), ejection time (ET), and MPI calculated with PW tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI). Results of the study showed that the IVRT of the LV of premature calves was shorter than seen in healthy term calves. The LVMPI of healthy term calves was also higher than in premature calves. In conclusion, MPI measurement is feasible in neonatal calves. Significant decrements in MPI and shorter IVRT of preterm calves could be the result of the non-closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA), and along with the decreased afterload. Echocardiography and Doppler imaging technique are useful tools for exploring and follow up the cardiovascular system in neonatal calves.
Impact of Formative Assessment on Students’ English Writing Skills at Elementary Level
Authors: Yasmin Tayyabba , Qadri Muhammad Ahmed , Pasha Shaheen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the current study was to measure the impact of formative assessment techniques on students’ writing skills. The techniques of formative assessment were used with sixty-four students. Formative assessment techniques were provided to students for three months. Summative assessment techniques and students’ survey was applied. In this study formative assessment was provided during the English writing process.  After the completion of the intervention, it was found that when students are provided with formative assessment during their studies, this method of assessment improves their learning process. The result depicts that when student remained under continuous assessment process, it improved their English writing skill. On the basis of these conclusions, it is recommended that teachers should use formative assessment in their classes during their teaching. They should also provide formative assessment not only to the students by themselves but also enable them for self-assessment for improvement in their learning.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Pakistan
Authors: Faridi Muhammad Zahir , Hussain Saddam , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Rashid
Published: June 2021

This study attempts to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on the small and medium scale enterprises in Pakistan by using the annual time series data from period of 1982 to 2019. ADF unit root test, ARDL model and granger causality test are used to analyze the data. The outcomes of long-run ARDL model exhibits that foreign direct investment, gross savings, exports of goods and services positively enhance the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Pakistan. In Granger causality analysis, it is found that there is a unidirectional causality between SME growth rate and foreign direct investment. The unidirectional causality is also observed between gross savings and SME growth rate. It is therefore suggested that an appropriate environment to the foreign investors may be provided to bring foreign direct investment inflows in a country. Government of Pakistan may improve the infrastructure in a country to increase FDI inflows.
Melanoma in Singapore: A 20-year review of disease and treatment outcomes
Authors: Yeo Pei Ming , Lim Ziying Vanessa , Tan Wei Ding Virlynn , Zhao Xiahong , Chia Hui Yi , Tan Suat Hoon , Teo Melissa Ching Ching , Tan Melissa Wee Ping
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Melanomas in Asians have different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis from melanomas in Caucasians. This study reviewed the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a tertiary referral dermatology centre in Singapore, which has a multiracial population. The study also determined whether Asians had comparable relapse-free and overall survival periods to Caucasians in Singapore. Method: This is a retrospective review of cutaneous melanoma cases in our centre between 1996 and 2015. Results: Sixty-two cases of melanoma were diagnosed in 61 patients: 72.6% occurred in Chinese, 19.4% in Caucasians and 3.2% in Indians, with an over-representation of Caucasians. Superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma and nodular melanoma comprised 37.1%, 35.5% and 22.6% of the cases, respectively. The median time interval to diagnosis was longer in Asians than Caucasians; median Breslow’s thickness in Asians were significantly thicker than in Caucasians (2.6mm versus 0.9mm, P=0.018) and Asians tend to present at a later stage. The mortality rates for Asians and Caucasians were 52% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: More physician and patient education on skin cancer awareness is needed in our Asian-predominant population for better outcomes. Keywords: Asian, melanoma, nails, skin neoplasm, survival
ALTERNATİF UYUŞMAZLIK ÇÖZÜMÜ ALANINDA HUKUK POLİTİKASI BELGESİ
Authors: ÖZBEK Mustafa Serdar
Published: June 2021

Adalete erişim, dünya genelinde çağdaş yargı sistemlerinin en temel unsurlarından biridir. Yargının tarafsızlığı ve bağımsızlığı ile hukuk devleti arasında yapısal bir bağlantı vardır. Mahkemelere ve mahkeme dışı uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarına fizikî olarak erişim, yargılama usûllerini anlama veya avukatla temsilden yararlanma imkânı söz konusu olmazsa, adalet sisteminde reform yapma ve yargının etkinliğini arttırma çabaları yetersiz kalacaktır. Bu hukuk politikası belgesi, Türk adalet sisteminde adaletin etkinliğinin arttırılması ve adalete erişimin kolaylaştırılması için bazı öneriler içermektedir. Bu öneriler kapsamında adalete erişim ve önleyici adalet hakkında tedbirler, mevzuat değişikliği önerileri, yargının kurumsallaşması, paydaşlarla işbirliği, etkinliğin önündeki engeller, alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarına başvurulması ve sorunlara çözüm üretme çabaları ortaya konulmuştur. Örneğin komşuluk uyuşmazlıkları ve küçük uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için toplum sulh merkezlerinin kurulması ve yerel düzeyde yaygınlaştırılması önerilmiştir.
LEFT MAIN STEM PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OUTCOMES: AN EXPERENCE AT CHAUDHRY PERVEZ ELAHI INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY MULTAN
Authors: Javed Kashif , Ali Nauman , Shervani Mubasher Ali Khan , Abbas Tariq , Farid Ikram , Zab Jehan
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of outcomes of left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methodology: After approval from the local ethical committee a descriptive study was conducted in Ch Parvez Elahi Institute of Cardiology Multan from January 2015 to June 2019.  This study included 34 patients with unprotected left main stem (LMS) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention as decided in heart team meeting. Follow up data was taken during hospital stay and at 3 months after the index procedure for major adverse cardiac events MACE that were defined as death, myocardial infarction,  repeat revascularization and stent thrombosis.

Results: Mean age of the patient was 56.8 ±6.6. Males were 30 (88.2%) and females 4 (11.8%). Death was observed in 3 (8.8%), MI in 2 (5.88%), stent thrombosis 2 (5.88%) and repeat revascularization in 1 (2.98%). Composite of all was seen 8 (23.5%)

Conclusion: Left main stem PCI is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients having less complex disease and high surgical risk. The local experience is encouraging and at par with existing data.
Managerial Skills among Integrated and Non-Integrated School Heads in the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines: A Comparative Study
Authors:   School of Education, Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, Gasapo Francis B.
Published: June 2021

This descriptive quantitative study aimed to determine the managerial skills of integrated and non-integrated school heads in the Schools Division of Iloilo for the school year 2019-2020. The respondents of the study were the 62 integrated school heads and 62 non-integrated school heads of the Schools Division of Iloilo. The statistical tools used were the frequency counts and percentage, mean, independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA. Results revealed that when the integrated school heads were taken as an entire group and when classified as sex, age, civil status, and years of school head experience the managerial skills of the integrated school heads is in a “high range”. In terms of highest educational attainment, baccalaureate and masters’ degree revealed ‘high range” managerial skills, while doctorate degree showed “very high range” managerial skills. Results revealed that when the non-integrated school heads were taken as an entire group and when classified as sex, age, civil status, years of school head experience, and highest educational qualification the managerial skills of the integrated school heads is in a “high range”. There were no significant differences on the managerial skills of integrated school heads in terms of technical when they were taken as a whole and when they were classified according to sex and age.
Communication Driven Polyculturality of Modern Tv Journalism: Polylingual Focus for Future LSP Teachers
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Heroyiv Oborony St., Kyiv 03041, Ukraine, Chaika (Čajka) Oksana
Published: June 2021

The article considers a well-established approach for differentiation between scientific, formal (official business), journalistic, artistic, conversational, sacred (confessional), and oratorical functional styles in the contexts of polyculturality and polylingualism as significant backgrounds for teaching languages of specific purposes. It is stated that the determining criteria for all these functional styles are the sphere of social activity, type and established way of thinking, purpose, stylistic load of the units used to convey the meaning to the people. The effectiveness of journalism in the representation of mass communication across the geographies is manifested in the fact that its content is regularly found in the speech of the broadest segments of the population. However, modern linguistics encounters a number of unresolved issues of describing the polylingual mode of mass communication in expression of polyculturalism, which determines the relevance of this study. It is revealed that the communication driven polyculturality and polylingual effect of mass communication in modern journalism make one whole with the needs analysis and relevant terminology in instruction of Telejournalism as an LSP (language for specific purposes) in different languages. It is characterized how the panorama of communication driven polyculturality and polylingualism, as well as the ‘journalism’ concept affect media communication. It is determined which are the stylistic possibilities of journalism in structuring, presenting and perceiving mass information in different cultures and languages, by covering the communicative aspects driven by polyculturality and polylingualism in modern journalism. It is also described that relevant language units are seen as a means of forming a language and communicative standard in journalistic texts, which can be adopted by future LSP teachers in educational settings for language instruction and acquisition in relation to terminology of journalism in different languages across the world. In the end, it is concluded what may be underlying for journalistic language in difeferent languages to constitute the polycultural communication driven framework rather than that of multiculturality; and to be advanced further in polylingual classes by future LSP educators.
NGOs as Contributing Factor to Local Communities’ Development in Rwanda. An Overview of Care International in Bugesera District
Authors: Celestin Dr. MBONIGABA
Published: June 2021

This paper investigated the contribution of NGOs on the local communities’ development in Rwanda, a case of Care International in Bugesera District (2015-2019). Specific objectives were to analyze Care International-NGO activities in Bugesera District; to assess indicators of local community development of beneficiaries from Bugesera District; to find out the relationship between Care International-NGO and local community development of its beneficiaries in Bugesera District. This study analyzed quality of data from respondents through interviews. Quantitatively the study described the contribution of NGOs on local community development in Rwanda. The correlational study was used to show the relationship between two variables. The target population 13,815 beneficiaries of Care International Rwanda, Bugesera District. Sample size was 99 respondents from Care International Rwanda, Bugesera Cluster. Sampling techniques were convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection instruments used questionnaires technique. Data was analysed using the frequencies, descriptive and Pearson correlation tools in SPSS IBM 21.0 version. Findings revealed that there are different activities offered by care International-NGO in Bugesera District include strengthening the capacity for self-help for beneficiaries in Bugesera, confirmed by 90.9% respondents. Care International providing economic opportunity to beneficiaries in Bugesera, confirmed by 72.7% respondents. Findings showed different indicators of local community development of beneficiaries from Bugesera District such as an increased in agricultural and livestock productivity, confirmed by 74.7% respondents. They have food security and promote trade of agriculture products; confirmed by 71.7% respondents. An access to education for citizens and able to obtain school fees to their children, confirmed by 82.8% respondents. Findings showed the relationship between Care International-NGO and local community development of its beneficiaries in Bugesera District presented by p-value equals 0.000 which is less than Alpha (0.01). The level of relationship is r2 = .806** categorized as positive and very strong correlation.
The Impact of Financial Intermediation on the Economy of Ghana
Authors:   Presbyterian University College, Ghana: Department of Business Administration and Economics, Garr David Kwashie
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the impact of financial intermediation on economic performance using data from sixteen (16) universal banks in Ghana. This investigation is carried out using five popular indicators of financial sector intermediation, which are deposit mobilisation, customer credit, operating cost, reserve requirement and interest rate spread. Gross Domestic Product Per Capital (GDPPC) was used as a measure of economic sector growth or performance. The causal research design was used in this analysis. The unit root was estimated using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was also determined using basic statistics tests and multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that bank deposits have an insignificant positive effect on the economy. Bank credit, however, has a negative significant effect on economic growth. The results also suggest that operating cost has a negative effect on the economic growth but the result is not significant. However, bank reserves have a positive significant effect. Finally, the results suggest that interest rate spread has a positive effect on the economy, but the relationship is not significant.
DEVASTATING REPERCUSSIONS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON IMPOVERISHED CHILDREN
Authors: sharma chitra
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Devastating repercussions of COVID-19 on children, especially impoverished children can be detected. It has
been sensed that this disaster affects every domain of the lives of human beings. It is traumatic. And trauma
always plummets hardest on the little ones. Children, especially poor children fetch the incredible burden during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Innocent children are severely affected by this coronavirus. This pandemic drastically
affects multiple areas including health, educational impacts, economic bangs, safety and protection issues,
influences on civic space and participation, etc
“Fora do mapa”: mapeamento dos serviços e do acesso de pessoas com deficiência em situação de vulnerabilidade social no município de Santos/SP, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Caroline almeida de , Costa Samira Lima da
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O texto aborda os direitos de mobilidade e assistência das pessoas com deficiência, no município de Santos/SP. Objetivos: O objetivo central da pesquisa foi discutir as demandas e as ofertas de serviços voltados à pessoa com deficiência, favorecendo a reflexão mais ampla sobre a relação entre deficiência, vulnerabilidade social e território. Métodos: Os dados foram gerados a partir de três etapas: a primeira se caracterizou por levantamento documental de serviços de saúde e assistência social para pessoas com deficiência no município de Santos-SP; a segunda, por seis entrevistas com pessoas com deficiência, moradoras das diferentes regiões do município; a terceira, pela localização dos serviços e dos entrevistados no mapa da cidade. Resultados: A distribuição dos resultados no mapa permitiu a visualização espacial de serviços para pessoa com deficiência e constatar sua concentração nas regiões Centro e Orla. A comparação do mapa de serviços com o mapa da vulnerabilidade social do município permite identificar as distâncias e a baixa oferta nas áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social. Em seguida, a análise das entrevistas apontou para conflitos, dificuldades e desistências de uso de serviços, com especial destaque para os entrevistados que vivem nas áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social. Conclusão: A análise cruzada dos dados fornecidos pelas diferentes fontes permite identificar um processo de ampliação da vulnerabilidade tendo o Estado como protagonista, uma vez que direitos de assistência social, saúde e de uso da cidade são cotidianamente negados, e políticas de acesso e territorialização são ignoradas. Discute-se a necessidade de ampliar tanto a oferta de serviços territorializados para pessoas com deficiência, quanto a sua garantia de acesso e uso das outras regiões da cidade.
Confiabilidade e análise fatorial de um questionário sobre acesso dos diabéticos às consultas com endocrinologistas
Authors: Leal Marcelle Lemos , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Cattafesta Monica , Cade Nágela Valadão
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O acesso ao serviço de saúde está em evidência nas discussões dos sistemas de atenção à saúde, incluindo na literatura científica, que tem descrito diversas dimensões desse constructo. Objetivo: Avaliar confiabilidade e estrutura configural de  questionário sobre acesso dos diabéticos às consultas com endocrinologista no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), segundo dimensões disponibilidade, viabilidade financeira e aceitabilidade. Métodos: Elaborou-se um questionário para avaliar o acesso abarcando as dimensões disponibilidade, viabilidade financeira e aceitabilidade, e foram entrevistados por meio de ligação telefônica 472 diabéticos agendados pelo Sistema de Centrais de Regulação no SUS, no Espírito Santo. Para determinar a confiabilidade do questionário, foram realizadas análises de reprodutibilidade por teste-reteste e avaliação da consistência interna pelo alpha de Cronbach. A estrutura configural e congruência teórico-empírica foram determinadas segundo análise de componentes principais com rotação ortogonal varimax. Resultados: A maioria das respostas do questionário apresentaram concordância substancial e quase perfeita nas três dimensões avaliadas. Excluiu-se um item na dimensão disponibilidade por apresentar estabilidade moderada (k = 0,41, IC95% = 0,08 – 0,73). Ao final, o instrumento inicial com 25 questões foi reduzido para 15, sendo mantidas as dimensões disponibilidade (α de Cronbach 0,669), viabilidade financeira (α de Cronbach 0,526) e aceitabilidade (α de Cronbach 0,568). Os componentes resultantes apresentaram altas cargas fatoriais (> 0,3) e confiabilidade aceitável (> 0,5) para a maioria dos itens. Conclusão: A confiabilidade e estrutura configural indicam a viabilidade de mensuração das propriedades de medida do questionário e sugerem a sua aplicabilidade em populações semelhantes à do estudo.
Ключевые концепции обучения компетентных специалистов по туризму как фактор возрождения культурного кода
Authors: Ризаходжаева Г , Балтабаева А
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема профессиональной подготовки специалистовв сфере туризма. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что в последнее времяизменилась роль знаний в процессе подготовки будущих специалистов в сфере туризма.В современных социально-экономических условиях, чтобы выполнить заказ общества длябудущих специалистов высокого уровня в сфере туризма, выпускники высших учебныхзаведений вынуждены обладать не только обширной теоретической базой по своейконкретной специальности, но и определенными метапредметными знаниями. Однакопростого владения знаниями уже недостаточно в контексте развития международного рынкатруда. Появляется проблема необходимости формирования и развития нового качестваобразования, в основу обновленного содержания которого будут положены ключевыекомпетентности. Ключевую компетенцию в данном случае можно определить какобязательную компетенцию, потому что она соответствует условиям реализации, которые неограничены, не слишком специфичны, но являются в определенной степениуниверсальными. В связи с этим проведен опрос будущих специалистов в сфере туризма напредмет восприятия ими значимости формирования компетенций. Результаты проведенногоопроса описаны в настоящей статье.