bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Study Comparing Bone Bruising and Intra-articular Injuries in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With and Without Medial Collateral Ligament Tears
Authors: Kluczynski Melissa A. , Marzo John M. , Rauh Michael A. , Bernas Geoffrey A. , Bisson Leslie J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Concomitant injuries can occur in patients with combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears; however, no studies have compared these injuries in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with an MCL tear to those with an intact MCL.

Purpose:

To compare bone bruising, meniscus tears, and chondral lesions in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with an MCL tear (cases) to those with an intact MCL (controls).

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Thirty-two cases and 352 controls were identified from a prospective registry. Bone bruising was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging, and meniscus tears and chondral lesions were confirmed arthroscopically. Demographics and concomitant injuries were compared between cases and controls using exact chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and mechanism and type of injury.

Results:

Cases had significantly more contact injuries than controls (58.1% vs 21.3%, P < .0001). The prevalence and odds of bone bruising of the lateral tibial plateau (89.7% vs 84.6%; P = .59; OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 0.45-27.71), lateral femoral condyle (82.8% vs 72.8%; P = .28; OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.64-5.88), medial tibial plateau (20.7% vs 31.7%; P = 0.29; OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.19-1.53), and medial femoral condyle (6.9% vs 8.3%; P ≥ .999; OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.21-5.40) did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The prevalence and odds of lateral meniscus tears (53.3% vs 43%; P = .34; OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.76-4.52), medial meniscus tears (31.3% vs 33.5%; P = .85; OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.37-2.21), and chondral lesions (16% vs 10.8%; P = .50; OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.15-3.21) also did not significantly differ between cases and controls.

Conclusion:

ACL-MCL injuries were most often due to a contact mechanism, whereas ACL tears without associated MCL injury were more frequently due to a noncontact mechanism. However, there were no significant differences in concomitant injuries in ACL-MCL knees versus ACL knees.
CARL H. SAVIT—THE HUMAN SIDE
Authors: Sherl Damir
Published: August 2016

Two years will have passed since Carl left us in March 1996. For someone like me, he will never leave. A number of “in memoriam” articles, written by people who knew Carl very well, highlighted Carl's achievements as a professional, a mentor, an industry spokesman, a visionary, and as a major contributor to advancements in geophysical technology.
Two efficient modeling schemes for fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation
Authors: Chen Hanming , Zhou Hui , Li Qingqing , Wang Yufeng
Published: August 2016

Recently, a decoupled fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation has been developed based on the constant-[Formula: see text] model to describe wave propagation in heterogeneous media. We have developed two efficient modeling schemes to solve the decoupled fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equation. Both schemes can cope with spatial variable-order fractional Laplacians conveniently, and thus are applicable for modeling viscoacoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous media. Both schemes are based on fast Fourier transform, and have a spectral accuracy in space. The first scheme solves a modified wave equation with constant-order fractional Laplacians instead of spatial variable-order fractional Laplacians. Due to separate discretization of space and time, the first scheme has only first-order accuracy in time. Differently, the second scheme is based on an analytical wave propagator, and has a higher accuracy in time. To increase computational efficiency of the second modeling scheme, we have adopted the low-rank decomposition in heterogeneous media. We also evaluated the feasibility of applying an empirical approximation to approximate the fractional Laplacian that controls amplitude loss during wave propagation. When the empirical approximation is applied, our two modeling schemes become more efficient. With the help of numerical examples, we have verified the accuracy of our two modeling schemes with and without applying the empirical approximation, for a wide range of seismic quality factor ([Formula: see text]). We also compared computational efficiency of our two modeling schemes using numerical tests.
Dipolar Excitation in the Third Stability Region
Authors: Konenkov Nikolai V. , Chernyak Eugenii Ya. , Stepanov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2016

Dipole resonant excitation of ions creates instability bands which follow iso-β lines where β is the characteristic exponent (stability parameter). Instability bands are exited most effectively on the fundamental frequency ω = βΩ/2. Here ω is the angle resonance frequency of the dipolar voltage applied to x or y pair of rods of the analyzer, and Ω is the angle frequency of the main drive voltage. Our goal is to study the mass peak shape in the third stability region with dipolar resonance excitation of the instability band with respect to the resonance frequency ω and the dipolar potential amplitude. Numerical integration of the ion motion equations with a given ion source emittance is used to investigate peak shapes and ion transmission. We show that it is possible to vary the resolution power at any part of the third stability region. A change of the dipolar potential phase leads to a periodical variation of the resolution with period π. The most effective dipolar excitation in the y direction is along β y, near the stability boundary. The mass peak shape is calculated also for a quadrupole with round rods. The best peak shape (small tails and high resolution) takes place for the rod set with r/r0 = 1.130. Dipolar excitation increases the transmission by approximately 5–10% at a given resolution.
α,ω-N,N-Dimethylaminoalkylamines as Possible Derivatization Agents for the Analysis of Small Carbonyl Compounds by Low Energy Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhilyaev Dmitry I. , Borisov Roman S. , Polovkov Nikolai Yu. , Zaikin Vladimir G.
Published: August 2016

Reaction with α,ω- N,N-dimethylaminoalkylamines (2-dimethylaminoethylamine, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, 4-dimethylamino-butylamine) to form Schiff bases followed by quaternization of the N,N-dimethylamino group by alkyl (deuteroalkyl) halides to generate fixed-charge fragments is suggested for the characterization of carbonyl compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. As model objects, some aliphatic aldehydes and alicyclic and steroid ketones were involved in the modification. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the first modification stage proved to be quantitative. Not only the MALDI conditions but also the nanostructurized target provided spectra that revealed peaks for the cationic parts of derivatives. It was shown that the use of deuterated alkyl halides allows one to prepare deuterium-labeled standards for possible quantitative analysis.
A Method for the Chromatic Aberration Correction of a Laser Time of-Flight Mass Analyzer
Authors: Sysoeva Elizaveta A. , Sysoev Alexander A.
Published: August 2016

The new ion-optical system of the laser time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer on the basis of two tandem wedge-shape reflectors has been offered and implemented. A new method of correcting chromatic aberration by the ion energy was proposed that used a wire electrode unit with adjustable potentials. This unit allows one to adjust the local TOF of the ions in a narrow energy range ±1–2% within the total ion packet with an energy spread of ±20%. The method reduces the duration of the ion packets by up to 1.5 ns, which enables us to obtain the restriction of resolution at a level not worse than R ∼ 10,500 for a TOF of ∼35 μs. The aim of the project is to increase the separation of isobaric ions to improve the limit of detection of the laser TOF-MS for the analysis of high-purity samples.
Prediction of Stilbene Content from Heartwood Increment Cores of Scots Pine Using near Infrared Spectroscopy Methodology
Authors: Pulkka Susanna , Segura Vincent , Harju Anni , Tapanila Tarja , Tanner Johanna , Pâques Luc E. , Charpentier Jean-Paul
Published: August 2016

High-throughput and non-destructive methods for quantifying the content of the stilbene compounds of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood are needed in the breeding for decay resistance of heartwood timber. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations were developed for a large collection of solid heartwood increment core samples in order to predict the amount of the stilbene pinosylvin (PS), its monomethyl ether (PSM) and their sum (STB). The resulting models presented quite accurate predictions in an independent validation set with R2V values ranging between 0.79 and 0.91. The accuracy of the models strongly depended on the chemical being calibrated, with the lowest accuracy for PS, intermediate accuracy for PSM and highest accuracy for STB. The effect of collecting one, two or more (up to five) spectra per sample on the calibration models was studied and it was found that averaging multiple spectra yielded better accuracy as it may account for the heterogeneity of wood along the increment core within and between rings. Several statistical pretreatments of the spectra were tested and an automatic selection of wavenumbers prior to calibration. Without the automatic selection of wavenumbers, a first derivative of normalised spectra yielded the best accuracies, whereas after the automatic selection of wavenumbers, no particular statistical pretreatment appeared to yield better results than any other. Finally, the automatic selection of wavenumbers slightly improved the accuracy of the models for all traits. These results demonstrate the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a high-throughput and non-destructive phenotyping technique in tree breeding for the improvement of decay resistance in heartwood timber.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Salvatierra Karina , Florez Hector
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Infections with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are a major global health problem. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis constitute a population at risk of HBV and HCV infections.

Objective: Determining prevalence of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in patients who attended dialysis units in the city of Posadas (Argentina).

Materials and methods: The studied population comprised 172 patients with CRF in hemodialysis. HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: On a total of 172 hemodialysis patients included in the study, 98 were males (57%) and 74 were females (43%), aged between 12 and 85 years (mean 53.4). 8.7% (15/172) of the patients were positive for HBsAg and 9.9% (17/172) were positive for anti-HCV reagents. 72.1% of patients had a hemodialysis treatment time of less than 5 years. A history of having received previous transfusions was observed in both HBsAg positive cases (7/15) and the anti-HCV positive cases (5/17). Elevated transaminase levels were observed in patients with positive and negative serology.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of serological markers for HBV and HCV in patients with CRF on hemodialysis in city of Posadas (Argentina), as compared to cities in developed countries.
Evaluation of functional capacity and level of physical activity in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cherobin Inaê , Ziegler Bruna , Dalcin Paulo
Published: August 2016

The objective of the present study was to compare the functional capacity and level of physical activity between adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy individuals. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to evaluate functional capacity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long version) was applied to assess physical activity level. This study included 31 patients with CF (11 males and 20 females) and 31 healthy individuals. Patients with CF had significantly lower values of body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function parameters, physical activity level, six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Comparing patients using a cut-off point of 500m, there were no significant differences in the classification of physical activity level assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Among patients with CF who walked less than 500m, there were significantly lower values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF (%), SpO2 after 6MWT and distance walked in the 6MWD. It could be concluded that patients with CF practice physical activity at lower levels than healthy individuals, when compared by the IPAQ questionnaire.
Medidas antropométricas e nível de atividade física predizem pressão arterial elevada em crianças
Authors: Andaki Alynne , Mendes Edmar , Segheto Wellington , Franco Fernanda , Tinoco Adelson
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a acurácia de medidas antropométricas e do nível de atividade física (NAF) como preditores do risco de pressão arterial (PA) elevada, por sexo, em crianças. Participaram do estudo 187 crianças, média de idade de 9,90 ± 0,7 anos, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de nove escolas (públicas e privadas) do município de Viçosa-MG em 2009. As crianças foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, composição corporal e aferição da PA. Em seguida, preencheram registro de atividades físicas e utilizaram pedômetro por sete dias. Foram delineadas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) para testar a acurácia das medidas antropométricas e NAF em predizer o risco de PA elevada. IMC, perímetros de cintura mensurados em três pontos anatômicos, somatório de quatro dobras cutâneas e NAF foram acurados em predizer PA elevada para as meninas. Por outro lado, para os meninos apenas o número de passos/dia foi acurado na predição do PA elevada. NAF prediz PA elevada em crianças, independente do sexo, enquanto medidas antropométricas prediz PA elevada apenas para crianças do sexo feminino.
Quality Characteristics of Taro Matang (Deep-Fried Sugar Glazed Sweet Taro) with Various Starch
Authors: Kim Hee-Ju , Lee Gyeong Mi , Kim Jinseon , Park Juan , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: August 2016

Taro is an alkaline food containing a lot of protein, vitamin C, and minerals. Matang is a food prepared by frying a starch-containing material in oil and glazing with honey or starch syrup and it is widely enjoyed as simple snack or dessert in Asian countries including Korea. In this study, to increase the usability of taro having high nutritional values, taro matang was prepared by varying the types of starch while the physical and sensory properties were investigated. The taro matang was prepared by mixing corn starch, sweet potato starch, potato starch, and sticky rice starch with taro. The chromaticity of taro matang samples were measured, and the results showed that the corn starch taro matang was the brightest (L=40.48±1.17) and the potato starch matang was the darkest (L=33.81±1.33). The pH of the taro matang samples were within the range of 6.16-6.26 with no significant difference. The physical properties of the prepared taro matang samples were measured. The hardness and fracturability of the sweet potato starch taro matang were the highest at 3,414.79 and 1,570.03, respectively. The springiness and chewiness of the corn starch taro matang were the highest at 0.95 and 1,773.24, respectively. With regard to sensory properties and preference, the taro matang samples having lower hardness and brighter chromaticity were preferred. The preference for the flavor, crispness, softness, taste, and overall preference of the potato starch taro matang were the highest. Therefore, taro matang prepared as snack or dessert by mixing with potato starch may satisfy consumers’ demand.
Effect of Packaging, Freezing, and Thawing Methods on the Quality Properties of Sweet Potato Stem
Authors: Choi Hee Jeong , Lee SangYoon , Lee Jiseon , Kim Soojin , Seo Jae-Hee , Lee JungGyu , Kim Hayun , Shin HyeRim , Cho Sun Kyung , Shin Min Jung , Choi Mi-Jung
Published: August 2016

Food freezing preservation is an important process due to its high quality and long shelf-life. In order to improve the quality of frozen sweet potato stem, the freezing rate, thawing, and packaging method was optimized by the determination of physical properties. There was no significant difference among the treatment of freezing rate. Further, the drip loss of sweet potato stem was higher at a relatively fast freezing rate (immersion freezing) than at slow freezing rate (natural convection freezing at -20 or -40°C). For the comparison of packaging methods, the aircontaining packaged sweet potato stem had the lowest significant differences from the result of color, pH, and hardness. From the result of the drip loss, the high frequency and microwave using thawing samples were more effective than room temperature and water thawing. Therefore, fast freezing and thawing rate with air-containing package were recommended to obtain the better quality of sweet potato stem.
Optimization and Quality Characteristic of Noodles with Hydrolysate of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) Using a Mixture Design
Authors: Yoo Jinsil , Hong Eunsil , Hong Kwang Won , Yoon Won Byong
Published: August 2016

Sea cucumber (SC) or Stichopus japonicas is widely used in East Asia as a traditional medical component for the treatment of asthma, arthritis, and sinus congestion. The hydrolysate of SC (HSC) after treatment with a protease is also widely used as an ingredient for processed food application such as noodles. Tensile force and deformation are important texture properties of noodle. The peptides prepared by hydrolyzing SC could affect the tensile properties of noodle, as well as DPPH radical scavenging. The objectives of this study were to characterize the tensile properties, the texture properties, color, and DPPH radical scavenging of noodle with HSC and to determine an optimum formulation of dough with HSC for noodle. The HSC was prepared by hydrolyzing dried SC powder with distilled water (DW) and a protease, Protamex (Novozyme Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Danmark). The tensile properties and antioxidant activity were used as major constraint functions for the optimization. The optimum ratio was determined as flour:water:HSC=69.27:22.48:7.05 (w/w). Increasing the amount of HSC in the formulation increased the tensile force but no significant difference was observed in the deformation.
Characteristics and Optimal Mixing Ratio of Tofu Ice Cream Made with Crushed Tofu and Soy Milk
Authors: Park Myeong-Chul , Park Yoon-Hwan , Kim Hyun-Seok , Baik Moo-Yeol , Kim Byung-Yong
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to formulate the optimal ratio of tofu ice cream made with crushed tofu and soybean milk. Also, to compare characteristics of tofu ice cream and soybean ice cream. Mix viscosity, overrun and melting down are measured as characteristics of ice cream. The optimal mixing ratio of tofu ice cream was determined by response surface methodology based on overall quality. As a result of optimization, tofu ice cream was made with 65.90% tofu cream (9% solid contents), 4.35% whipping cream, 14.35% canola oil, 15.00% sugar, 0.2% emulsifier and 0.2% guar gum. Soybean ice cream made with three different treated (blanched, steamed, roasted) soybean and each preprocess are treated for 0-20 min. Mix viscosity was enhanced preprocessing time increasing. Also, overrun and melting down was decline preprocessing time increased. As a result of comparison of ice cream overall quality, 15 min roasted soybean ice cream was shown the best quality.
Selection of Commercial Proteolytic Enzymes for the Preparation of Anchovy Protein Hydrolysates Under Pressurization
Authors: In Ye-Won , Yun Hyo-Seon , Bang Eun , Lee Hwa-Jin , Lee Mi-Yeon , Cho Hyung-Yong
Published: August 2016

Proteolytic enzymes were screened to obtain anchovy protein hydrolysates (APH) with low-bitterness under pressurization. First, the residual proteolytic activity (%) and SDS-PAGE of commercially available food-grade protease (Alcalase® 2.4 L, FlavourzymeTM 500 MG, Neutrase®, ProtamexTM) and mixed enzyme (ME, Alcalase® : FlavourzymeTM = 1 : 5) after treatments of ambient pressure and 100 MPa at 50°C were investigated. The proteolytic activity of enzymes was still largely retained after pressure treatment. The SDS-PAGE on tested enzymes showed that the electrophoretic mobility maps (EMMs) after pressure treatment were similar to those at ambient pressure. With these results, it seemed that tested enzymes were stable at 100 MPa and 50oC. Raw anchovy hydrolyzed with various protease at 50°C under ambient pressure and 100 MPa for 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. The degree of hydrolysis (DH, %) of prepared APHs at 100 MPa was increased, which suggests that the medium pressure treatment accelerates protein hydrolysis. The APH by ME exhibited the best suitable characteristics, which had a relatively higher DH (36.2±1.8- 57.5±2.8), a high content of oligopeptides with a molecular mass lower than 1,100 Da, mildly bitter taste as the bitterness value was lower than that of 0.2 g/L tea alkaloid, and the lowest contents of tryptophan. Thus, ME was selected to obtain APH with low-bitterness under pressurization.
Da audiência presumida à audiência real: influência das métricas nas decisões editoriais dos jornais online
Authors: Canavilhas João , Torres Vitor , De Luna Diógenes
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho procura responder a uma questão que tem vindo a ganhar importância no cenário online: em que medida a audiência influencia as decisões editoriais numa organização jornalística. Para responder à questão, o trabalho começa por introduzir o conceito de métricas. Segue- -se a revisão bibliográfica que aborda os processos de gatekeeping e gatewatching, aprofundando seguidamente questões relacionadas com a mensurabilidade da audiência no jornalismo Web. A parte empírica do trabalho é constituída pela análise das entrevistas realizadas a jornalistas de cinco organizações jornalísticas de Portugal e do Brasil. As conclusões indicam que as opções editoriais nas publicações online resultam de um processo em que a cultura profissional e as preferências do público (expressas em métricas de interpretação) são usadas de forma equilibrada.
A identidade regional na imprensa viseense – 1959 a 2011: sedimento e Estado Novo
Authors: Simões Pedro Coutinho
Published: August 2016

http//dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_2_13
Developmental performance in small for gestational age children with and without catch-up growth
Authors: Lestari Hesti , As’ad Suryani , Yusuf Irawan , Umboh Adrian , Febriani Andi Dwi Bahagia
Published: August 2016

Background Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have an increased risk of developmental delay. The influence of catch-up growth on developmental function remains unknown.Objective To compare the development of SGA children with and without catch-up growth.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Manado from March to July 2013. Subjects were children aged 2-3 years, that born SGA from March 2010 to June 2011 in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital. Catch-up growth was defined as height-for-age more than -2SD on the 2006 WHO growth chart, and subjects were classified into the with and without catch-up growth groups. Developmental status was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) 3rd edition, through interviews with parents. We compared the developmental status between the with and without catch-up growth groups used Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results Of the 112 SGA children, 66 (58.9%) had catch-up growth and 46 (41.1%) did not. The SGA children with catch up growth had significant better development performances of gross motor, fine motor, and problem solving. The mean ASQ centiles of the with and without catch-up groups were 55.15 (SD 7.843) [95%CI 53.52 to 57.08] and 48.80 (SD 11.264) [95%CI 45.46 to 52.15] in gross motor, respectively; 42.5 (SD 13.163) [95%CI 39.26 to 45.74] and 32.93 (SD 14.475) [95%CI 28.64 to 37.23] in fine motor, respectively; 46.74 (SD 13.112) [95%CI 43.52 to 49.97] and 40.98 (SD 11.480) [95%CI 37.57 to 44.39] in problem solving, respectively.Conclusion Small for gestational age children with catch-up growth have significantly better gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving performance than those without catch-up growth.
Paternal and maternal age at pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders in offspring
Authors: Budi Luh Putu Rihayani , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna
Published: August 2016

Background The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) has increased 10 times over the past half century,while paternal and maternal age at pregnancy has alsoincreased. Studies looking for an association between paternalor maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring have notbeen conclusive.Objective To assess for possible associations between paternaland maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring.Methods This case-control study had 50 case and 100control subjects, each case was matched for age and genderto two controls. Case subjects were obtained by consecutivesampling of patients aged 18 months to 7 years who visited theDevelopmental Behavioral & Community Pediatrics OutpatientClinic and private growth and development centers from Januaryto April 2013, while control group were children of the sameage range and same gender who visited pediatric outpatientclinic at Sanglah Hospital mostly due to acute respiratory tractinfection, without ASDs as assessed by the DSM-IV-TR criteria.We interviewed parents to collect the following data: maternaland paternal age at pregnancy, child’s birth weight, historyof asphyxia, hospital admission during the neonatal period,pathological labor, maternal smoking during pregnancy, paternalsmoking, and gestational age. Data analysis was performed withChi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.Results Multivariable analysis showed that higher paternal ageat pregnancy was associated with ASDs in offspring (OR 6.3;95%CI 2.0 to 19.3; P 0.001). However, there was no significantassociation between maternal age during pregnancy and theincidence of ASDs. Asphyxia and paternal smoking were alsoassociated with higher incidence of ASDs in the offspring (OR10.3; 95%CI 1.9 to 56.5; P 0.007 and OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.5 to 6.9;P 0.003, respectively).Conclusion􀀃􀀳􀁄􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁑􀁄􀁏􀀃􀁄􀁊􀁈􀀃􀂕􀀗􀀓􀀃􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁆􀁕􀁈􀁄􀁖􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁕􀁌􀁖􀁎􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀤􀀶'􀁖􀀃in offspring by 6.3 times. In addition, paternal smoking increased the risk of ASDs in offspring by 3.2 times and asphyxia increasedthe risk of ASDs in offspring by 10.3 times.
Gender Justice and the Market: A Transformative Consumer Research Perspective
Authors: Hein Wendy , Steinfield Laurel , Ourahmoune Nacima , Coleman Catherine A. , Zayer Linda Tuncay , Littlefield Jon
Published: August 2016

Despite growing awareness of the importance of gender equality in the advancement of global economies, the involvement of marketing and policy in (re)producing and resolving gender injustices remains understudied. This article proposes a transformative consumer research approach to studying gender-related issues. It develops the “transformative gender justice framework” (TGJF), which identifies perspectives from three enfranchisement theories: social and distributive justice, capabilities approach, and recognition theory. By applying a multiparadigmatic analysis, the authors encourage a dialogic and recursive approach so that scholars and policy makers can assess the interactions between structural, agentic, and sociocultural forces that underlie gender injustices. They argue the TGJF is necessary for full comprehension of the complex, systemic, glocalized, institutionalized, and embodied nature of gender injustices, as well as how policy, markets and marketing can both perpetuate and resolve gender injustices. To demonstrate the TGJF's analytical power, the authors apply the framework to one site of gender injustice (i.e., the sex tourism industry), propose applications across additional sites, and discuss questions it raises for future research.
Influence of Nitriding and Laser Remelting on Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Type X10CrNi18-8 and Cavitation Erosion Resistance
Authors: Sitko A. , Szkodo M. , Kucharski S.
Published: August 2016

The paper presents properties of surface layers. Surface layers were obtained by using low temperature glow–discharge nitriding process and laser remelting carried out on austenitic stainless steel type X10CrNi18-8. Investigations were done by using an Ultra Nanoindentation Tester (UNHT) in the Warsaw Institute of Fundamental Technological Research. The influence of the above mentioned treatments on obtained surface layers is shown. The values of the Vickers hardness (HV), the irreversible indentation work (Wir), the reversible work (We) and the maximum depth (hmax) during indentation were determined using the method proposed by Oliver and Pharr [1]. On the basis of mechanical properties, the elasticity (Ie) and ductility (Iir) indexes were calculated. Moreover, microstructure cross-section of the austenitic stainless steel after nitriding process and laser remelting was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Cavitation test was performed at a vibratory rig with stationary specimen. On the basis of erosion curves the cavitation resistance was evaluated.
Concept of a Conducting Composite Material for Lightning Strike Protection
Authors: Katunin A. , Krukiewicz K. , Herega A. , Catalanotti G.
Published: August 2016

The paper focuses on development of a multifunctional material which allows conducting of electrical current and simultaneously holds mechanical properties of a polymeric composite. Such material could be applied for exterior fuselage elements of an aircraft in order to minimize damage occurring during lightning strikes. The concept introduced in this paper is presented from the points of view of various scientific disciplines including materials science, chemistry, structural physics and mechanical engineering with a discussion on results achieved to-date and further plans of research.
Initiation of Damage to the Hot Part of Aircraft Turbine Engines
Authors: Szczepankowski Andrzej , Szymczak Janusz
Published: August 2016

In the paper, the initiation causes of damage to flame tubes of a basic combustion chamber and turbine units, which are the most common in the operation process of aircraft turbine engines (ATE), were presented. They were illustrated with the use of numerous examples of progressing degradation of the surface condition of parts and components of various types of aircraft engines which was found during endoscopic controls.

On the basis of the systematic observation results, the process of destruction of the turbine rotor ring blades’ surface was discussed. The attention was paid to the current and still valid evaluation of the aircraft turbine engine’s suitability for further operation, taking into account the specifics of its use.
Qualitative and Quantitave Risk Evaluation on the Basis of Military Aviation Event Analysis
Authors: Zieja Mariusz , Smoliński Henryk , Gołda Paweł
Published: August 2016

Risk management is understood as a process supporting decision making through systemic assessment of possible courses of action, identification of hazards and benefits, and indication of the best way to carry out aviation tasks.

The article presents a method of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment on the basis of military aviation incident analysis. The procedure of the suggested approach is contained in a probability and severity degree estimation algorithm and in subsequent steps: of identifying the risk factor (CZN) of a given category, analysis of risk associated with a given CZN, determination of risk, defining correcting actions, risk forecasting and its verification over the following assessment period. A simplified block diagram presents a proposal of the implementation of a qualitative and quantitative risk estimation procedure with the use of the TURAWA IT system, which function in the air forces.
Improving Detection Results of Differential Background Subtraction Method by Merging it with C-HDC Algorithm
Authors: Kowaleczko Piotr , Rokita Przemysław
Published: August 2016

A method which allows to improve object detection abilities of conventional difference-based background subtraction algorithm has been presented in this paper. The algorithm is a hybrid method consisting of the background subtraction method and the Contour Histogram Displacement Calculation (C-HDC) algorithm. Background subtraction method processes a greyscale image, while C-HDC calculates displacement values basing on its contour histograms. Tracking ratios before, and after merging with C-HDC have been measured and presented.
Możliwości synchronizacji torów pomiarowych dwóch różnych prądnic przetworników
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Zieja Mirosław
Published: August 2016

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z możliwościami zastosowania dwóch różnych rodzajów prądnic jednocześnie: prądnicy trójfazowej prądu przemiennego i prądnicy komutatorowej prądu stałego. Co więcej, prądnice te współdziałałyby synchronicznie ze sobą zarówno na etapie próbkowania elektromaszynowego, jak i na etapie próbkowania elektronicznego. Umożliwiłoby to strukturalną poprawę czułości i rozdzielczości. Jednocześnie otworzyłoby to nowe możliwości obserwacji nowych rodzajów zjawisk mechanicznych (nieśledzonych dotychczas metodami FAM-C i FDM-A), m.in. skręceń wałów transmisji.
On a discrete variant of Bernstein’s polynomial inequality
Authors: Dryanov Dimiter , Fournier Richard
Published: August 2016

It is known that for any polynomial p of degree less or equal to n,

In this note we establish cases of equality and also improve the above inequality.
The converse of the Fabry-Pólya theorem on singularities of lacunary power series
Authors: Martirosian Valeri A.
Published: August 2016

This paper is devoted to the converse of the classical Fabry-Pólya theorem dealing with the localization of singularities of lacunary power series on the boundary of the circle of convergence.
Regular statistical convergence of multiple sequences
Authors: Móricz Ferenc
Published: August 2016

The concepts of statistical convergence of single and multiple sequences of complex numbers were introduced in [2] and [8], respectively. In this paper, we introduce the concept indicated in the title. We prove that if a d-multiple sequence is regularly statistically convergent, then its statistical limit can be computed as the iterated statistical limit of the statistical limits of its subsequences which correspond to an arbitrary partition of the index set {1,2,..., d}, d ≥ 2. As an application, we prove that if a function ƒ is in Lp(Td) for some p > 1, T = [0, 2π), then the (symmetric) rectangular partial sums of its d-multiple Fourier series are regularly statistically convergent to ƒ { u1, . . . , ud) at almost every point (u1,..., ud) ∈Td. Furthermore, if ƒ is in C(Td), then the regular statistical convergence of the rectangular partial sums takes place uniformly on Td.
Polyphenols in Monogastric Nutrition – A Review
Authors: Lipiński Krzysztof , Mazur Magdalena , Antoszkiewicz Zofia , Purwin Cezary
Published: August 2016

The popularity of plant-based feed additives in livestock production has increased significantly in the last decade. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which contain bioactive components and deliver positive effects for humans and animals. They are renowned for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-mutagenic effects. Polyphenols have antioxidant properties, and they minimize the negative consequences of oxidative stress. Their antioxidant capacity is comparable to that of the major biological antioxidants: vitamins E and C. Despite those advantages, polyphenols are characterized by low bioavailability, and further research is needed to harness their full potential in livestock farming. This article presents a review of findings from recent studies investigating the efficacy of polyphenols in monogastric nutrition, with special emphasis on their antioxidant properties.
Mortality of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) migrating downstream through a small hydroelectric plant on the Drawa River in northern Poland
Authors: Dębowski Piotr , Bernaś Rafał , Skóra Michał , Morzuch Jacek
Published: August 2016

The European eel, Anguilla anguilla L., is an endangered species. Barriers to its downstream spawning migration are one of the greatest threats this species faces. There are hundreds of hydroelectric plants (HEP) on rivers in Poland (> 600), and thousands throughout Europe. Eel that pass through HEP turbines as they migrate downstream suffer high mortality, but this depends mainly on local and technical conditions. Silver eel mortality was estimated and the possibility of the fish bypassing the turbines was studied between November 2013 and June 2014 at a typical HEP in northern Poland. Two telemetry methods were used with 49 eel: passive integrated transponder (PIT) system and acoustic telemetry. Fifty five percent of eel migrated downstream in fall 2013, soon after their release, and 45% migrated the next spring. The eel did not use the fish passes designed for upstream migration; thus, they were forced to go through the turbines, which resulted in 55% mortality. HEPs cause interruptions and delays in eel spawning migrations and are responsible for high eel mortality. This can make implementing an eel restitution plan difficult or even impossible in river systems with many barriers.
Genetic Diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from selected Nigerian rivers: Implications for conservation and aquaculture
Authors: Nwafili Sylvanus A. , Gao Tian-Xiang
Published: August 2016

The genetic diversity and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were evaluated using a 443 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Among the eight populations collected comprising 129 individuals, a total of 89 polymorphic sites defined 57 distinct haplotypes. The mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the eight populations were 0.966±0.006 and 0.0359±0.004, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among the eight populations (FST
=0.34; P < 0.01). The present results revealed that C. nigrodigitatus populations had a high level of genetic diversity and distinct population structures. We report the existence of two monophyletic matrilineal lineages with mean genetic distance of 10.5% between them. Non-significant negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs for more than half the populations suggests that the wild populations of C. nigrodigitatus underwent a recent population expansion, although a weak one since the late Pleistocene.
Determination of metals (As, Cu, Fe, and Zn) in two fish species from the Miankaleh wetland
Authors: Alipour Hossein , Pourkhabbaz Alireza , Hassanpour Mehdi
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations As, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the livers, gills, and muscles of vobla or Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev), and bighead goby, Neogobius gorlap (Iljin), from the Miankaleh wetland. The results showed that metal accumulation in the liver tissues was higher than in the gills and muscles for all metals, and Fe concentration was higher than Zn, Cu, and As in all the tissues studied. The concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the livers, gills, and muscles of bighead goby were higher than in vobla tissues, except for concentrations of As in the muscles. Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the muscles were below the maximum permissible limit of the WHO and the FAO for both species, but the concentration of As in the muscles of both species exceeded the permissible limit proposed by the FAO; thus, human consumption should be limited. The levels of the other metals (Fe, Cu and Zn) were completely safe.
Genetic and clinical analysis of nonsyndromic hearing impairment in pediatric and adult cases
Authors: Xing J , Liu X , Tian Y , Tan J , Zhao H
Published: August 2016

Previous studies have linked GJB2 gene and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations to nonsyndromic hearing impairment (NSHI), but no study in China has yet investigated these mutations across all age groups. To fill the gap, this study ascertained 263 patients with NSHI between ages 2 months and 60 years and analyzed the presence of GJB2 gene and mtDNA A1555G/C1494T mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. A total of 20 types of mutations were detected for the GJB2 gene. The GJB2 gene and mtDNA A1555G/C1494T mutations were detected in 18.63 and 11.41% cases, respectively. At the first hospital visit, GJB2 gene mutations were detected in 5.97% of adult patients (>18 years) and 22.96% pediatric patients (<18 years) (χ2 =9.506, p = 0.002), and mtDNA A1555G/C1494T mutations were detected in 31.34% of adult patients and 4.59% of pediatric patients (χ2 = 35.359, p <0.001). When patients were classified by age at onset of deafness, significantly more (20.68%) pediatric patients had GJB2 gene mutations than did adult patients (0.0%) (χ2 = 4.685; p = 0.006). Mitochondrial DNA A1555G/C1494T mutations were detected in 15.38% of adult-onset and 8.86% pediatric-onset patients, respectively. Interestingly, most GJB2 gene mutation carriers experienced NSHI onset within the first year of life (65.31%), while mtDNA A1555G/C1494T mutation carriers experienced onset at any age. Therefore, GJB2 gene mutations appear to contribute to congenital deafness, while mtDNAA1555G/C1494T mutations contribute mainly to acquired deafness in Chinese individuals. Both newborn hearing screening and genetic testing are important to diagnose and treat deafness.
Gene mapping in an anophthalmic pedigree of a consanguineous Pakistani family opened new horizons for research
Authors: Saleha S , Ajmal M , Zafar S , Hameed A
Published: August 2016

Clinical anophthalmia is a rare inherited disease of the eye and phenotype refers to the absence of ocular tissue in the orbit of eye. Patients may have unilateral or bilateral anophthalmia, and generally have short palpebral fissures and small orbits. Anophthalmia may be isolated or associated with a broader syndrome and may have genetic or environmental causes. However, genetic cause has been defined in only a small proportion of cases, therefore, a consanguineous Pakistani family of the Pashtoon ethnic group, with isolated clinical anophthalmia was investigated using linkage mapping. A family pedigree was created to trace the possible mode of inheritance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from affected as well as normal members of this family, and screened for disease-associated mutations. This family was analyzed for linkage to all the known loci of clinical anophthalmia, using microsatellite short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Direct sequencing was performed to find out disease-associated mutations in the candidate gene. This family with isolated clinical anophthalmia, was mapped to the SOX2 gene that is located at chromosome 3q26.3-q27. However, on exonic and regulatory regions mutation screening of the SOX2 gene, the disease-associated mutation was not identified. It showed that another gene responsible for development of the eye might be present at chromosome 3q26.3-q27 and needs to be identified and screened for the disease-associated mutation in this family.
Commutability of proficiency testing material containing tobramycin: a study within the framework of the Dutch Calibration 2.000 project
Authors: Robijns Karen , Boone Niels W. , Jansen Rob T.P. , Kuypers Aldy W.H.M. , Neef Cees , Touw Daan J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Results from external quality assessment schemes (EQASs) can provide information about accuracy and comparability of different measurement methods, provided that the material used in these schemes behave identical to patient samples among the different methods, a characteristic also known as commutability. The aim of this study was to assess the commutability of different matrices for the material used in an EQAS for tobramycin.

Methods:

Proficiency testing material (PTM) and patient samples containing tobramycin were prepared, collected, pooled, and distributed to participating laboratories for analysis. Low, medium, and high tobramycin concentrations in liquid human, liquid bovine and lyophilized bovine serum were tested in this study. The patient serum results of every laboratory were plotted against each of the other laboratories, and the distances of the PTM results to the patient serum regression line were calculated. For comparison, these distances were divided by the average within-laboratory standard deviation (SDwl) of the results reported in the official EQAS for tobramycin, resulting in a relative residual. The commutability decision limit was set at 3 SDwl.

Results:

With 10 laboratories participating in this study, 45 laboratory couples were formed. For human serum, only one relative residual for high concentrations of tobramycin was found outside the commutability decision limit. For liquid and lyophilized bovine sera, the number of relative residuals outside the decision limit was between 15 and 18 for low, medium, and high tobramycin concentrations.

Conclusions:

The PTM used for tobramycin is preferably prepared with human serum.
Partitioning of cerrena unicolor laccase activity in an aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Blatkiewicz Michał , Prinz Axel , Górak Andrzej , Ledakowicz Stanisław
Published: August 2016

Culture supernatant containing laccase produced by Cerrena unicolor strain was used to examine laccase partitioning between phases in an aqueous two-phase system. The investigated system consisted of polyethylene glycol 3000 and sodium phosphate buffer adjusted to pH = 7. Influence of several parameters on partitioning was measured, including phase forming components’ concentrations, tie line lengths, phase volume ratio, supernatant dilution, process temperature and halogen salt supplementation. Partitioning coefficients up to 78 in the bottom phase were achieved with yields of over 90%. Tie line length and phase volume ratio had significant effect on enzyme partitioning.
Conceptual adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy
Authors: Turski Michał , Sekret Robert
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the possibility of reducing the demand for nonrenewable primary energy for buildings using a new conceptual adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy. Moreover, the aim of this study is to shorten the payback time of investment in the standard adsorption cooling system through its integration with the heating system. Research has been carried out for an energy-efficient medium-sized single-family building with a floor area of 140 m2 and a heat load of 4.2 kW and cold load of 4.41 kW. It has been shown that the use of an adsorption system of cooling and heating supplied by solar energy decreased the demand for nonrenewable primary energy by about 66% compared to the standard building that meets the current requirements.