bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Bromo‐Oxycyclization of Silanol.
Authors: Xia Zilei , Hu Jiadong , Shen Zhigao , Wan Xiaolong , Yao Qizheng , Lai Yisheng , Gao Jin‐Ming , Xie Weiqing
Published: May 2016

An efficient method for the asymmetric bromo‐oxycyclization of a broad range of (2‐alkenyl)phenylsilanols is described which provides benzoxazoles with a quarternary carbon centre in generally high yields and with high enantiomeric purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Reduction of Tertiary Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Schirmer Marie‐Luis , Jopp Stefan , Holz Jens , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas
Published: May 2016

A novel one‐pot method for the conversion of tertiary phosphine oxides into the corresponding phosphine‐borane adducts is provided using hexylsilane/triflic acid as initial reducing system.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Tetrahydroxanthones from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus BCC 24770.
Authors: Bunyapaiboonsri Taridaporn , Lapanun Sanisa , Supothina Sumalee , Rachtawee Pranee , Chunhametha Suwanee , Suriyachadkun Chanwit , Boonruangprapa Tanapong , Auncharoen Patchanee , Chutrakul Chanikul , Vichai Vanicha
Published: May 2016

Chrestoxanthone A (Ia) shows antifungal activity against Curvularia lunata and Alternaria brassicicola.
ChemInform Abstract: Schiff′s Bases and Their Metal Complexes as Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum Alloys in Corrosive Media
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Mustafa , Abdel Hameed R. S. , Abu‐Nawwas Abd‐Alhakeem H. , Mohamad Sawsan E.
Published: May 2016

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Opportunities and Challenges for Direct C—H Functionalization of Piperazines
Authors: Ye Zhishi , Gettys Kristen E , Dai Mingji
Published: May 2016

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Foldamer Chemistry
Authors: Le Bailly Bryden A. F. , Clayden Jonathan
Published: May 2016

Review: [97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Click”‐Reaction: An Alternative Tool for New Architectures of Porphyrin Based Derivatives
Authors: Ladomenou Kalliopi , Nikolaou Vasilis , Charalambidis Georgios , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: May 2016

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐AApeptides: Design, Structure, and Applications
Authors: Shi Yan , Teng Peng , Sang Peng , She Fengyu , Wei Lulu , Cai Jianfeng
Published: May 2016

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoloquinolines: Possible Biogenesis from Common Indole Precursors and Their Synthesis Using Domino Strategies
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Parameswaran Perunninakulath S.
Published: May 2016

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloid Synthesis via Carbenoid Intermediates
Authors: Ma Xiaochu , Cooper Stefan M. , Yang Fan , Hu Wenhao , Sintim Herman O.
Published: May 2016

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Thiophenes and Some Oligomers and Polymers Therefrom
Authors: Cinar Mehmet Emin , Ozturk Turan
Published: May 2016

Review: synthesis and application; 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Out of the Blue! Azuliporphyrins and Related Carbaporphyrinoid Systems
Authors: Lash Timothy D.
Published: May 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Porphyrin, Chlorin and Phthalocyanine Derivatives by Azide‐Alkyne Click Chemistry
Authors: Acherar Samir , Colombeau Ludovic , Frochot Celine , Vanderesse Regis
Published: May 2016

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CPP Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Multilayers: A Critical Review
Authors: Bass Jack
Published: May 2016

Review: 380 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Levulinic Acid Biorefineries: New Challenges for Efficient Utilization of Biomass
Authors: Pileidis Filoklis D. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena
Published: May 2016

Review: 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Production of Biomass‐to‐Liquid Biofuels to Decarbonize the Transport Sector — Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Bhutto Abdul Waheed , Qureshi Khadija , Abro Rashid , Harijan Khanji , Zhao Zheng , Bazmi Aqeel Ahmed , Abbas Tauqeer , Yu Guangren
Published: May 2016

Review: 241 refs.
Factorial Design Methodological Approach for Enhanced Cadmium Ions Bioremoval by Opuntia Biomass
Authors: Rosique Marta , Angosto José M. , Guibal Eric , Roca María J. , Fernández‐López José A.
Published: May 2016

The bioremoval efficiency of Opuntia biomass, a low‐cost biosorbent and renewable resource, for cadmium ions from aqueous solutions was investigated using factorial design methodology. The functional groups involved in the sorption process were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. A factorial experimental design technique, the full factorial design 33, has been used for enhanced cadmium ions bioremoval. Three factors were considered: protonation of the sorbent, initial cadmium concentration, and sorbent dosage at three markedly different levels. An empirical model was statistically developed using response surface methodology for its optimization. The model showed that cadmium ions bioremoval in aqueous solution was affected by all the three factors analyzed. The statistical model revealed a maximum sorption capacity (qe) of 58.4 mg/g with sorbent protonated with 0.67 M HCl, initial Cd(II) concentration of 50 mg/L, and 0.55 g/L of sorbent dosage. Bioremoval kinetic data were properly fitted by chemical sorption of pseudo‐second order. The Langmuir equation fits better the sorption isotherm (equilibrium data) than other classical models.
Forensic data acquisition from cloud‐of‐things devices: windows Smartphones as a case study
Authors: Cahyani Niken Dwi Wahyu , Martini Ben , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond , Al‐Azhar AKBP Muhammad Nuh
Published: May 2016

The continued amalgamation of cloud technologies into all aspects of our daily lives and the technologies we use (i.e. cloud‐of‐things) creates business opportunities, security and privacy risks, and investigative challenges (in the event of a cybersecurity incident). This study examines the extent to which data acquisition from Windows phone, a common cloud‐of‐thing device, is supported by three popular mobile forensics tools. The effect of device settings modification (i.e. enabling screen lock and device reset operations) and alternative acquisition processes (i.e. individual and combined acquisition) on the extraction results are also examined. Our results show that current mobile forensic tool support for Windows Phone 8 remains limited. The results also showed that logical acquisition support was more complete in comparison to physical acquisition support. In one example, the tool was able to complete a physical acquisition of a Nokia Lumia 625, but its deleted contacts and SMSs could not be recovered/extracted. In addition we found that separate acquisition is needed for device removable media to maximize acquisition results, particularly when trying to recover deleted data. Furthermore, enabling flight‐mode and disabling location services are highly recommended to eliminate the potential for data alteration during the acquisition process. These results should provide practitioners with an overview of the current capability of mobile forensic tools and the challenges in successfully extracting evidence from the Windows phone platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Bis(hydroxylmethylfurfuryl)amine Monomers from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Yan Peifang , Liu Kairui , Wan Lu , Xu Wenjuan , Li Huixiang , Liu Xiumei , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: May 2016

We report the synthesis of bis(hydroxylmethylfurfuryl)amine (BHMFA) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) by reacting 5‐HMF with primary amines in the presence of homogeneous RuII catalysts having sterically strained ligands. BHMFA is a group of furan‐based monomers that offer great potential to form functional biopolymers with tunable properties. A range of primary amines, such as aliphatic and benzyl amines, are readily converted with 5‐HMF to form the corresponding BHMFA in good yields. The reaction proceeds through reductive amination of 5‐HMF with primary amine to form secondary amine, followed by reductive amination of 5‐HMF with in situ generated secondary amine to produce BHMFA.
Dynamic multicast link selections for buffer‐aided relaying networks
Authors: Chiti Francesco , Fantacci Romano , Pierucci Laura
Published: May 2016

The management of small cell is considered a key point in next‐generation cellular networks for providing higher data rates, and the relay nodes are expected to be useful to improve the coverage area. Moreover, multicast services have gained importance to disseminate common data to subscribers. The use of buffer‐aided relay for multicast communications is analysed in the paper, and different policies to perform the optimal link selections are compared. These policies are based on the knowledge of the instantaneous link quality indicators as well as the status of the relay buffer and dynamically select the better link according to a suitable probabilistic criterion by improving the aggregate multicast flows. The parameters of these multicast policies are optimized via a Markov chain theoretical framework. The performance for all the proposed methods is analytically derived and validated through computer simulations conducted in different multicast scenarios. The advantages of the proposed schemes are pointed out in terms of multicast throughput, buffer occupancy for different buffer and multicast group size. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic population structure and relatedness in the narrow‐striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata), a socialMalagasy carnivore with sexual segregation
Authors: Schneider Tilman C. , Kappeler Peter M. , Pozzi Luca
Published: May 2016

Information on the genetic structure of animal populations can allow inferences about mechanisms shaping their social organization, dispersal, and mating system. The mongooses (Herpestidae) include some of the best‐studied mammalian systems in this respect, but much less is known about their closest relatives, the Malagasy carnivores (Eupleridae), even though some of them exhibit unusual association patterns. We investigated the genetic structure of the Malagasy narrow‐striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata), a small forest‐dwelling gregarious carnivore exhibiting sexual segregation. Based on mtDNAand microsatellite analyses, we determined population‐wide haplotype structure and sex‐specific and within‐group relatedness. Furthermore, we analyzed parentage and sibship relationships and the level of reproductive skew. We found a matrilinear population structure, with several neighboring female units sharing identical haplotypes. Within‐group female relatedness was significantly higher than expected by chance in the majority of units. Haplotype diversity of males was significantly higher than in females, indicating male‐biased dispersal. Relatedness within the majority of male associations did not differ from random, not proving any kin‐directed benefits of male sociality in this case. We found indications for a mildly promiscuous mating system without monopolization of females by males, and low levels of reproductive skew in both sexes based on parentages of emergent young. Low relatedness within breeding pairs confirmed immigration by males and suggested similarities with patterns in social mongooses, providing a starting point for further investigations of mate choice and female control of reproduction and the connected behavioral mechanisms. Our study contributes to the understanding of the determinants of male sociality in carnivores as well as the mechanisms of female competition in species with small social units.
Activation of murine invariant NKT cells promotes susceptibility to candidiasis by IL‐10 induced modulation of phagocyte antifungal activity
Authors: Haraguchi Norihiro , Kikuchi Norihiro , Morishima Yuko , Matsuyama Masashi , Sakurai Hirofumi , Shibuya Akira , Shibuya Kazuko , Taniguchi Masaru , Ishii Yukio
Published: May 2016

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play an important role in a variety of antimicrobial immune responses due to their ability to produce high levels of immune‐modulating cytokines. Here, we investigated the role of iNKT cells in host defense against candidiasis using Jα18‐deficient mice (Jα18−/−), which lack iNKT cells. Jα18−/− mice were more resistant to the development of lethal candidiasis than wild‐type (WT) mice. In contrast, treatment of WT mice with the iNKT cell activating ligand α‐galactosylceramide markedly enhanced their mortality after infection with Candida albicans. Serum IL‐10 levels were significantly elevated in WT mice in response to infection with C. albicans. Futhermore, IL‐10 production increased after in vitro coculture of peritoneal macrophages with iNKT cells and C. albicans. The numbers of peritoneal macrophages, the production of IL‐1β and IL‐18, and caspase‐1 activity were also significantly elevated in Jα18−/− mice after infection with C. albicans. The adoptive transfer of iNKT cells or exogenous administration of IL‐10 into Jα18−/− reversed susceptibility to candidiasis to the level of WT mice. These results suggest that activation of iNKT cells increases the initial severity of C. albicans infection, most likely mediated by IL‐10 induced modulation of macrophage antifungal activity.
Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanomaterials –A New Era of Nanotechnology
Authors: Garcia Yann , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: May 2016

Guest editors Yann Garcia and Bao‐Lian Su highlight the great current interest in the field of inorganic nanomaterials and offer a glimpse into the diversity of the topics discussed in this cluster issue.
Solids Go Bio: Inorganic Nanoparticles as Enzyme Mimics
Authors: Ragg Ruben , Tahir Muhammad N. , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Wolfgang Tremel from Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. The cover image shows inorganic nanoparticles that mimic the catalytic activity of naturally occurring enzymes. The nanoparticles are more stable and cost‐efficient, and their high surface area endows them with a large number of active sites.
New Avenues in Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Hindson Karen
Published: May 2016

Editor Karen Hindson stresses the importance of nanochemistry for inorganic chemists and presents the cluster issue on inorganic nanomaterials.
Benefit Paradox
Authors: Baruch Jay
Published: May 2016

I could have been more understanding, especially when police brought a man I'll call Mr. Atkins to the emergency room for depression and suicidal ideation. But it was 3:00 a.m. and the ER was a carnival of disease and discontent, a parade of drunk drivers and folks who practiced conflict resolution with knives and bullets. A patient well known for her drug abuse wasn't done yelling at me for refusing to write her a narcotic script when a nurse tweaked at my elbow to please come speak with Mr. Atkins, who was making a case to walk out.
Implicit Cognition and Gifts: How Does social Psychology help Us Think Differently about Medical Practice?
Authors: Morar Nicolae , Washington Natalia
Published: May 2016

This article takes the following two assumptions for granted: first, that gifts influence physicians and, second, that the influences gifts have on physicians may be harmful for patients. These assumptions are common in the applied ethics literature, and they prompt an obvious practical question, namely, what is the best way to mitigate the negative effects? We examine the negative effects of gift giving in depth, considering how the influence occurs, and we assert that the ethical debate surrounding gift‐giving practices must be reoriented. Our main claim is that the failure of recent policies addressing gift giving can be traced to a misunderstanding of what psychological mechanisms are most likely to underpin physicians’ biased behavior as a result of interaction with the medical industry. The problem with gift giving is largely not a matter of malicious or consciously self‐interested behavior, but of well‐intentioned actions on the part of physicians that are nonetheless perniciously infected by the presence of the medical industry.

Substantiating this claim will involve elaboration on two points. First, we will retrace the history of policies regarding gift giving between the medical profession and the medical industry and highlight how most policies assume a rationalistic view of moral agency. Reliance on this view of agency is best illustrated by past attempts to address gift giving in terms of conflicts of interest. Second, we will introduce and motivate an alternate view of moral agency emerging from recent literature in social psychology on implicit social cognition. We will show that proper consideration of implicit social cognition paints a picture of human psychology at odds with the rationalistic model assumed in discussions of COIs. With these two pieces on the table we will be able to show that, without fully appreciating the social‐psychological mechanisms (both cognitive and affective) of implicit cognition, policy‐makers are likely to overlook significant aspects of how gifts influence doctors.
LSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
Authors: Lebedev A.V. , Kaelen M. , Lövdén M. , Nilsson J. , Feilding A. , Nutt D.J. , Carhart‐Harris R.L.
Published: May 2016

Personality is known to be relatively stable throughout adulthood. Nevertheless, it has been shown that major life events with high personal significance, including experiences engendered by psychedelic drugs, can have an enduring impact on some core facets of personality. In the present, balanced‐order, placebo‐controlled study, we investigated biological predictors of post‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) changes in personality. Nineteen healthy adults underwent resting state functional MRI scans under LSD (75µg, I.V.) and placebo (saline I.V.). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) was completed at screening and 2 weeks after LSD/placebo. Scanning sessions consisted of three 7.5‐min eyes‐closed resting‐state scans, one of which involved music listening. A standardized preprocessing pipeline was used to extract measures of sample entropy, which characterizes the predictability of an fMRI time‐series. Mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate drug‐induced shifts in brain entropy and their relationship with the observed increases in the personality trait openness at the 2‐week follow‐up. Overall, LSD had a pronounced global effect on brain entropy, increasing it in both sensory and hierarchically higher networks across multiple time scales. These shifts predicted enduring increases in trait openness. Moreover, the predictive power of the entropy increases was greatest for the music‐listening scans and when “ego‐dissolution” was reported during the acute experience. These results shed new light on how LSD‐induced shifts in brain dynamics and concomitant subjective experience can be predictive of lasting changes in personality. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3203–3213, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quiet connections: Reduced fronto‐temporal connectivity in nondemented Parkinson's Disease during working memory encoding
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , McDermott Timothy J. , Santamaria Pamela M. , Gendelman Howard E. , Wilson Tony W.
Published: May 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and resting tremor. It is now broadly accepted that these motor symptoms frequently co‐occur with cognitive impairments, with deficits in working memory and attention being among the most common cognitive sequelae associated with PD. While these cognitive impairments are now recognized, the underlying neural dynamics and precise regions involved remain largely unknown. To this end, we examined the oscillatory dynamics and interregional functional connectivity that serve working memory processing in a group of unmedicated adults with PD and a matched group without PD. Each participant completed a high‐load, Sternberg‐type working memory task during magnetoencephalography (MEG), and we focused on the encoding and maintenance phases. All data were transformed into the time–frequency domain and significant oscillatory activity was imaged using a beamforming approach. Phase‐coherence (connectivity) was also computed among the brain subregions exhibiting the strongest responses. Our most important findings were that unmedicated patients with PD had significantly diminished working memory performance (i.e., accuracy), and reduced functional connectivity between left inferior frontal cortices and left supramarginal–superior temporal cortices compared to participants without PD during the encoding phase of working memory processing. We conclude that patients with PD have reduced neural interactions between left prefrontal executive circuits and temporary verbal storage centers in the left supramarginal/superior temporal cortices during the stimulus encoding phase, which may underlie their diminished working memory function. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3224–3235, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival outcomes after endoscopic resection for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma arising on inverted papilloma
Authors: Karligkiotis Apostolos , Lepera Davide , Volpi Luca , Turri–Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Lombardi Davide , Accorona Remo , Bignami Maurizio , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo
Published: May 2016

Background

Sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) can be associated synchronously or metachronously to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 5% to 10% of cases. The purposes of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of patients with sinonasal SCC arising from inverted papilloma (IP‐SCC) treated through an endoscopic approach and review the pertinent literature.

Methods

The medical records of all patients treated for IP‐SCC between 1997 and 2014 at 2 referral centers following a uniform policy were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Thirty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 5‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DFS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 66.8 ± 0.99%, 71.2 ± 0.96%, and 73.1 ± 0.82%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the advanced pT classification (pT3 or greater), the high‐grade of tumoral differentiation, the cranioendoscopic approach, and the recurrence of disease impacted negatively on survival rates.

Conclusion

The endoscopic approach provides encouraging oncologic outcomes for sinonasal IP‐SCC, comparable to those observed with traditional external approaches while minimizing morbidity for patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Reevaluation of postoperative radiation dose in the management of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chin Re‐I , Spencer Christopher R. , DeWees Todd , Hwang Michael Y. , Patel Pranav , Sinha Parul , Gay Hiram A. , Haughey Bruce H. , Nussenbaum Brian , Adkins Douglas R. , Lewis James S. , Thorstad Wade L.
Published: May 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) before and after an institutional dose reduction policy effective on February 2009.

Methods

Between 1998 and 2013, 175 consecutive patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal SCC with extracapsular extension (ECE) and/or close or positive margins were treated postoperatively to 66 Gy (n = 109) or 60 Gy (n = 66) in 2 Gy/fx.

Results

Between the 66 and 60 Gy groups, there was no difference in tumor classification (pT4 vs pT1–T3; p = .181) and nodal classification (pN2c–N3 vs pN0–N2b; p = .704), and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage (IV vs I–III; p = .473). Median follow‐up was 5.9 years overall (66 Gy: 7.4 years; 60 Gy: 4.0 years). There was no difference in locoregional recurrence‐free survival (2‐year: 98.1% vs 98.5%; p = .421).

Conclusion

This study suggests that treating p16‐positive oropharyngeal SCC with ECE and/or close or positive margins with postoperative IMRT to 60 Gy may not compromise locoregional recurrence‐free survival compared to 66 Gy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Biodistribution of TAT‐LHRH conjugated chitosan/DNA nanoparticles in the mice bearing hepatoma xenografts
Authors: Liu Lanxia , Wang Hai , Liu Qi , Duan Mingli , Dong Xia , Zhu Dunwan , Zhu Yingjun , Leng Xigang
Published: May 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. More effective cures for HCC patients are urgently needed, of which gene therapy is among those with the most potential. We previously developed a novel gene carrier by conjugating low molecular weight chitosan with TAT (transactivator of transcription) peptide and LHRH (luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone) analog, with the resultant TAT‐LHRH‐chitosan conjugate (TLC) demonstrating high selectivity for hepatoma cells in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether TLC can deliver the genes to the target organs and tissues in vivo, which is one of the critical features determining their medical application potential. The current study further investigated the in vivo distribution of TLC/DNA nanoparticles (TLCDNPs) in the nude mice with subcutaneous hepatoma xenografts. It was found that TLCDNPs delayed the renal clearance of DNA and prolonged its circulation time as compared with CS/DNA complexes (CDNPs) and naked DNA, but failed to demonstrate enhanced accumulation of DNA in the hepatoma xenografts. The mechanisms regarding the failure of TLCDNPs' tumor targeting in the mice bearing subcutaneous hepatoma xenografts remain unclear and need to be further addressed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2394–2400, 2016
An Expedient Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines Using Magnetically Supported ZrO2 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Kheirkhah Leila , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Mahmoodi Nosrat Ollah , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Shojaei Abdollah Fallah , Rostamli Yaseman
Published: May 2016

An efficient synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives via one‐pot multicomponent reactions of 6‐amino‐2‐(alkylthio)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one, 3‐cyanoacetylindole and arylaldehydes using [Fe3O4@ZrO2] as magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst is reported. This protocol furnished the desired products in good to excellent yields (70–93 %) and lower reaction times. The catalyst could be easily and efficiently separated from the final product solution by an external magnet and be reused in 5 consecutive runs without any significant activity decrease.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin ABT‐981 Against IL‐1α and IL‐1β in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Goss Sandra , Wang Susanne X. , Liu Jia , Loebbert Ralf , Medema Jeroen K. , Liu Wei , Dutta Sandeep
Published: May 2016

The interleukin (IL)‐1 family of proinflammatory cytokines are thought to play a significant role in the structural progression of osteoarthritis and its associated symptoms. IL‐1α and IL‐1β are 2 distinct cytokines found in the cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ABT‐981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD‐Ig) capable of simultaneously binding IL‐1α and IL‐1β, in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Fifty‐six healthy adult subjects were randomized to receive single doses of ABT‐981 intravenously (0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg), subcutaneously (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg), or matching placebo in a 3:1 ratio. Thirty‐six patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized to receive 4 subcutaneous ABT‐981 doses of 0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg administered every 2 weeks, 3 subcutaneous doses of ABT‐981 3 mg/kg every 4 weeks, or matching placebo in a 7:2 active:placebo ratio. ABT‐981 behaved similarly to conventional monoclonal antibodies following single or multiple doses with mean maximum serum concentrations 2 to 9 days after subcutaneous doses, mean terminal half‐lives of 10 to 14 days, and an absolute subcutaneous bioavailability of 46%. Exposure of ABT‐981 was approximately linear following single or multiple doses every 2 weeks with monoexponential decline of terminal‐phase concentrations. The most common adverse events associated with ABT‐981 were diarrhea and headache in healthy subjects and injection site erythema in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Decreased absolute neutrophil counts were observed in response to ABT‐981 administration.
The external morphology of adult female Egrasilus labracis as shown using hexamethyldisilazane treated, uncoated specimens for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Murray Harry M. , Hill Stephen J. , Ang Keng P.
Published: May 2016

The description and application of a modified Scanning Electron Microscope preparation technique using hexamethyldisilazane for small parasitic copepods was demonstrated though a high resolution depiction of individuals of Ergasilus labracis sampled from three spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Bay D'Espoir, Newfoundland during summer 2015 and from archival samples retrieved from Atlantic salmon par (Salmo salar) stored at the Atlantic reference centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick. The specimens were very well preserved showing high quality detail of important features and verifying those previously described using light microscopy by Hogans. Additionally the technique allowed excellent in situ demonstrations of mouth parts, swimming legs, and unusual and previously undescribed features of the second antenna including prominent striations and pore‐like structures found to define the claw. It is thought that this technique will become a quick and efficient tool for describing important taxonomic features of small parasitic copepods like E. labracis or other similar small aquatic organisms. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:657–663, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spiro[4H‐pyran‐3,3′‐oxindoles] Derived from 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline—Part 2
Authors: Baradarani Mehdi M. , Khoshsirat Sahar , Moharampour Mehri , Ebrahimisaatlo Bahman , Rashidi Ahmad , Różycka‐Sokołowska Ewa , Joule John A.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrrolo[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline‐1,2‐dione (3) with two equivalents of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under acid catalysis generates spiro[4H‐pyran‐3,3′‐oxindoles] 7. In contrast, though base catalysis also achieves double addition, the final products 8 result from subsequent ring opening of the five‐membered lactam via intramolecular attack by enolate; these products can be converted into the spiro[4H‐pyran‐3,3′‐oxindoles] by treatment with acid.
Palaeo‐geoecological significance of Pleistocene trees in the Lluta Valley, Atacama Desert
Authors: Veit Heinz , May Jan‐Hendrik , Madella Andrea , Delunel Romain , Schlunegger Fritz , Szidat Sönke , Capriles José M.
Published: May 2016

In the Lluta Valley, northern Chile, climate is hyperarid and vegetation is restricted to the valley floors and lowermost footslopes. Fossil tree trunks and leaves of predominantly Escallonia angustifolia, however, are abundant up to ∼15 m above the present valley floor, where they are intercalated with slope deposits, reflecting higher water levels in the past. A total of 17 samples have been radiocarbon dated, yielding ages between 38 and 15k cal a BP. The youngest ages of 15.4k cal a BP are interpreted as reflecting the beginning of river incision and lowering of the valley floor, impeding the further growth of trees at higher parts of the slopes. The most plausible scenario for this observation is intensified river incision after 15.4k cal a BP due to increased stream power and runoff from the Río Lluta headwaters in the Western Cordillera and Altiplano corresponding to the highstand of the Tauca and Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE) wet phase.
Raman study of thaumasite Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)⋅12H2O at high pressure
Authors: Goryainov S.V.
Published: May 2016

Thaumasite, Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)⋅12H2O, is an extraordinary mineral that possibly plays a special role in the carbonate–sulfate–silicate balance of the Earth's crust. Thaumasite, an undesirable component in concrete, remains a material poorly studied at high pressures in various media except for He medium (M. Ardit et al., Mineral. Mag., 2014). In the present Raman study, thaumasite samples were compressed in alcohol–water and KBr media at high pressures up to ~7 GPa: several phase transformations were identified. In samples compressed in alcohol–water, the wavenumbers of intense Raman bands of SO and СО symmetric stretching vibrations at 991 and 1074 cm−1 proved to exhibit similar dependences on pressure: during a first transition I → II at 4.4 GPa, the wavenumbers of both bands exhibited a downward jump; at a second transition II → III, which occurred at 4.9 GPa, each band split in a doublet; and then, at a third transition III → IV, which was observed at 5.4 GPa, each doublet band transformed in a singlet. In KBr medium, these and other Raman bands of thaumasite showed similar (to those in thaumasite at compression in alcohol–water) dependences on pressure, revealing several phase transitions with slightly shifted transition points, the first transition I → II, however, being not distinguished. Taking into account the similar behaviors in both media, the transitions are assumed to be polymorphic: no noticeable overhydration in thaumasite compressed in water–alcohol occurred. In phase IV, gradual widening and weakening of each band were observed; those changes can be attributed to amorphization of the material. Considerable hysteresis was observed at thaumasite decompression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen permeability of Fe‐Ni‐Cr alloys at 1100 and 1150 °C under carbon‐free and carbon‐containing gases
Authors: Jullian D. , Prillieux A. , Zhang J. , Young D.J.
Published: May 2016

Wagner's model of internal oxidation allows the prediction of an alloy's critical concentration of oxide forming metal required to achieve a protective oxide scale at high temperatures. The model depends on oxygen permeability in the alloy, but this parameter has not been evaluated for the Fe‐Ni system, and the influence of carbon‐bearing gases is unknown. Oxygen permeability measurement by internal oxidation of Fe‐Ni‐Cr alloys, reacted at 1100 and 1150 °C is described. Exposures in Rhines packs and flowing CO‐CO2 gas mixtures serve to assess the influence of carbon on oxygen permeability at the Fe‐FeO equilibrium oxygen potential. Oxygen permeability in Fe‐Ni increases with iron content in a non‐ideal manner in both gas environments. Higher permeability is found in carbon bearing gases for iron‐rich alloys, and the size of this effect increases with temperature.
Use of Shewanella oneidensis for Energy Conversion in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Jorge A. Belen , Hazael Rachael
Published: May 2016

Anaerobes are a unique class of organisms, they were able to survive the heavy bombardment of the Archean period by reducing various inorganic compounds to support their metabolism and drive respiration in the early Earth's oxygen poor environment. Of all the bacteria that evolved during this period, some of the most interesting ones were the exoelectrogens, which were able to transfer electrons using extracellular routes to a chemical that is not necessarily the immediate electron acceptor. This property allows them to function in microbial fuel cells, a sustainable technology that is being developed for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electrical power generation. There are still many limitations to overcome before microbial fuel cells can be implemented in real applications and fundamental knowledge of the biological processes behind the extra‐cellular electron transfer mechanisms are still lacking. In this work, we will be presenting current research pertaining to Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. We also introduce the use of extreme conditions as a tool to investigate the mechanisms of biofilm formation and bacterial redox behavior of high pressure‐adapted Shewanella oneidensis.

image
Ultrathin wood laminae—polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable composites
Authors: Dorigato Andrea , Negri Martino , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: May 2016

Novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) based biodegradable composites were prepared by a hand lay‐up process using ultrathin beech laminae cut by a specialized planer machine, and the resulting materials were thermo‐mechanically characterized. Density measured showed how the adopted procedure led to laminates having a high porosity degree (about 50% by volume) and an elevated wood concentration (about 80% by weight). In fact, because the wood fibers were perfectly cut (not pressed and abraded), wood porosity was partially filled by the PVOH resin, as documented by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs. The occlusion of wood porosity by the PVOH matrix resulted to be beneficial for the tensile mechanical properties of the composites. In fact, quasi‐static tensile tests and DMTA analysis revealed how the stiffness (E, E′) and strength (σb) values of the composites both along longitudinal and transversal directions were considerably higher than those of the constituents. On the other hand, the values of the specific energy adsorbed under impact conditions by the composites samples were rather low, if compared to the neat matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1116–1124, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Maternal 47,XX,i(X)(q10) as a cause of false positive sex chromosome aneuploidy in noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: DeMaio Alison , Green Andrew , Daly Sean
Published: May 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has been shown to be a highly accurate tool for prenatal detection of aneuploidy, without risk to the fetus

Less is the accuracy of NIPS for the detection of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs)

Reduced accuracy in diagnosis of SCA has been attributed to placental mosaicism

It is probable that some false‐positive diagnoses of sex chromosome aneuploidy are because of abnormal maternal karyotype

What Does This Study Add?

This is a case of abnormal maternal karyotype that leads to a false‐positive result for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy

Two laboratories interpreted samples from the mother differently, with utilization of unique data analysis methods

This underscores the importance of how NIPS results are reported and genetic counseling that must follow

Caution is advised when acting upon positive results to avoid exposing fetuses to potentially harmful testing
Plasma‐Produced Vertical Carbonous Nanoflakes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Jieyang , Shao Yuanjun , Wang Biben , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Feng Jia , Cheng Qijin
Published: May 2016

An effective method to produce vertically‐oriented carbonous nanoflakes (VCNFs) on copper foils using an advanced custom‐designed plasma‐enhanced horizontal tube furnace deposition system under different RF powers at 850 °C without using any binder or catalyst materials is demonstrated. The morphology and structure of the synthesized carbonous materials are investigated using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the VCNFs can be effectively synthesized at moderate RF powers. When the RF power is 660 W, VCNFs which are only 2 atomic carbon layers thin, can be grown. The thickness and level of structural defects in the VCNFs can also be controlled by changing the RF power. A plausible growth mechanism for VCNFs under the plasma conditions is proposed. The synthesized VCNFs are applied as a cathode material for Li‐ion batteries. The coin‐type batteries demonstrate stable efficiency (∼99%) and specific capacity (110 mAh g−1) over 100 charge‐discharge cycles.
Flexible CMOS‐Like Circuits Based on Printed P‐Type and N‐Type Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhao Jianwen , Dou Junyan , Tange Masayoshi , Xu Weiwei , Mo Lixin , Xie Jianjun , Xu Wenya , Ma Changqi , Okazaki Toshiya , Cui Zheng
Published: May 2016

P‐type and n‐type top‐gate carbon nanotube thin‐film transistors (TFTs) can be selectively and simultaneously fabricated on the same polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by tuning the types of polymer‐sorted semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube (sc‐SWCNT) inks, along with low temperature growth of HfO2 thin films as shared dielectric layers. Both the p‐type and n‐type TFTs show good electrical properties with on/off ratio of ≈105, mobility of ≈15 cm2 V−1 s−1, and small hysteresis. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐like logic gates and circuits based on as‐prepared p‐type and n‐type TFTs have been achieved. Flexible CMOS‐like inverters exhibit large noise margin of 84% at low voltage (1/2 Vdd = 1.5 V) and maximum voltage gain of 30 at Vdd of 1.5 V and low power consumption of 0.1 μW. Both of the noise margin and voltage gain are one of the best values reported for flexible CMOS‐like inverters at Vdd less than 2 V. The printed CMOS‐like inverters work well at 10 kHz with 2% voltage loss and delay time of ≈15 μs. A 3‐stage ring oscillator has also been demonstrated on PET substrates and the oscillation frequency of 3.3 kHz at Vdd of 1 V is achieved.
Designing, launching, and implementing high quality learning opportunities for students that advance scientific thinking
Authors: Kang Hosun , Windschitl Mark , Stroupe David , Thompson Jessica
Published: May 2016

Instructional tasks are key features of classroom practice, but little is known about how different components of tasks—such as selecting or designing tasks for a lesson, launching, and implementing them with students—shape the conditions for students’ intellectual engagement in science classrooms. Employing a qualitative multiple case study approach, we analyzed 57 science lessons taught by 19 first‐year teachers. We examined the potential for students’ intellectual work built into the tasks across the phases of instruction, and how the demand of the unfolding task deepened (or failed to deepen) students’ engagement in science. The findings suggest the importance of beginning a lesson with high quality instructional tasks—complex tasks that bear appropriate levels of epistemic uncertainty for a particular group of students in a particular moment. Beginning a lesson with high quality tasks; however, was insufficient by itself to ensure rigorous learning opportunities. With the use of complex tasks, higher quality opportunities to learn were observed in lessons in which: (i) the tasks were framed as a process of understanding contextualized phenomena; (ii) the specific disciplinary concepts in the task were related to big science ideas that transcended the activities themselves; and (iii) students’ implementation of these tasks were structured using tools that supported changes in thinking. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1316–1340, 2016
Complementary Learning Objectives: The Common Competencies of Leadership and Service‐Learning
Authors: Seemiller Corey
Published: May 2016

This chapter provides a framework for intentionally designing service‐learning experiences that contribute to leadership competency development of students. Assessment of leadership competency development is also addressed.
Larval host records of butterflies in Japan
Authors: Saito Masayuki U. , Jinbo Utsugi , Yago Masaya , Kurashima Osamu , Ito Motomi
Published: May 2016

Using Japanese literature, we created a consolidated list of host records of butterflies in Japan. The list used the host records described in eight major illustrated reference books, two checklists, and 14 other pieces of literature. The presence of larvae on plants, the observation of larvae eating plants or insects in the field were considered as host records. We collected all species recorded in Japan. Scientific, family, and Japanese names of butterflies were consolidated using the BINRAN database (http://binran.lepimages.jp/). Scientific and Japanese names of host plants were based on the YList database (http://ylist.info/). If scientific names of host plants were not found in YList, we used scientific names based on The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/). Family names of host plants were based on the Catalogue of Life database (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Scientific, family, and Japanese names of host insects were based on the MOKUROKU database (http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu‐u.ac.jp/mokuroku/) for Hymenoptera and the catalogue of the Paraneoptera of Japan published by the Entomological Society of Japan for Hemiptera. We also provided the references of each host record and the original names described in the referred literature. Two datasets, HostDB and ReferenceDB, were created to include 3600 records of butterfly larval hosts in Japan, along with scientific and Japanese names of each species and a literature list. These datasets will be useful for basic and applied biological studies of butterflies. Data files are stored in the Ecological Research Data Archives (http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/ER_DataPapers/) and available from http://hostbj.lepumus.net/. These datasets are published under the Creative Commons License Attribution‐ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY‐SA, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐sa/4.0/).
When Online Visibility Deters Social Interaction: The Case of Digital Gifts
Authors: Shmargad Yotam , Watts Jameson K.M.
Published: May 2016

One of the defining features of online social networks is that users’ actions are visible to other users. In this paper, we argue that such visibility can have a detrimental effect on users’ willingness to exchange digital gifts. Gift giving is an intimate activity that comes with social risk, and the public nature of online environments can deter interactions that usually occur in smaller, more intimate settings. To study the effects of online visibility on the decision to give, we analyze a unique dataset from a large online social network that offers users the option of buying a digital gifting service. We find that purchase rates of the service increased with the number of ties that users kept on the network, but decreased with the extent to which those ties were connected to each other. We argue that the latter effect is due to the fact that, when a user's ties are connected, any gift sent between the user and one tie is visible to their mutual contacts. We explore how characteristics of users’ networks moderate the effect of online visibility, and argue that firms should take consumer network structure into account when designing digital products and promoting engagement online.
The Power of Codesign to Bond Customers to Products and Companies: The Role of Toolkit Support and Creativity
Authors: Teichmann Karin , Scholl-Grissemann Ursula , Stokburger-Sauer Nicola E.
Published: May 2016

Configuration tools allow customers to codesign their products in the most extraordinary fashion to illustrate their unique identity. While research widely acknowledges the functional benefits of codesigned products, far less is known about the emotional benefits of codesign activities for the customer and the company. This research highlights the effect of codesign activities on the emotional bond between the customer and the product (i.e., customer–product attachment) as well as the customer and the company (i.e., customer–company identification). Data from an experimental study and a survey study with customers of a bicycle manufacturer show that codesign drives customer–product attachment and customer–company identification. Importantly, the studies show that the emotional bond with the company rather than that with the product boosts codesign expenditures. Investing in codesign toolkits thus pays off for companies because they drive customer–company identification and, consequently, codesign expenditures.