bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Pneumonia Associated with Measles among Infants and Children Hospitalized in Healthcare setups of Pakistan
Authors: Jan Saleh , Ali Nusrat , Hussain Ansar , Bibi Safia , Ahmad Khalil , Rafiq Khan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Pneumonia in children is the primary cause of morbidity in developing countries and one of the risk factor for Pneumonia is measles.

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the Prevalence of pneumonia associated with measles among infants and children hospitalized in Pakistan.

Materials and method: The contemporary cross-sectional study was carried out at the pediatric department of Sifwat Ghayour Shaheed Memorial Hospital, Peshawar and HBS General Hospital, Islamabad from November 2022 to April, 2023, after taking the permission from the ethical boards of the institutes. A total of 154 individuals, infants and children of less than 5 years of both genders hospitalized and diagnosed with measles were enrolled in this study. After obtaining informed written consent, the patients' comprehensive demographic information was documented. Detailed demographic information about the patients, including height and weight, was recorded following the authorities' informed written consent. The prevalence of pneumonia and its symptoms in each patient were evaluated. The SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze the data. Frequencies and percentages were used to evaluate categorical variables.

Results: A total of 154 individuals were enrolled in this study out of which 62(40.2%) were infants and 92 (59.7%) were children. 32 (20.7%) individuals had a high socioeconomic position, 50 (32.4%) had an average socioeconomic status, and 72 (46.75%) had a poor socioeconomic status. 87 56.4% participants resided in a rural area. On the basis of severity 36 (23.3%) of the patients had mild measles, 46 (20.8%) had moderate measles, and 72 (46.7%) had severe measles. Pneumonia was found to be prevalent in 97 (65%) participants. 42 individuals (27.3%) had received a measles vaccine.

Conclusion: In this study, we came to the conclusion that children with measles had a noticeably high rate of pneumonia(65%).

Keywords: Children; Measle; Pneumonia.
Writing a reproducible PhD thesis using GitHub, R, and Docker
Authors: Sunami Nami
Published: February 2025

In this presentation, I talk about seven regrets that I had while I was trying to make my PhD thesis reproducible. I outline how I would approach differently if I were to start over.
Reconsidering Epistemological Limits: Damien Hirst and the Unbelievable Hauntograph
Authors: Rich Sara A.
Published: February 2025

In 2017, British shock-artist Damien Hirst released a coffee-table book with photographs from his Venice Biennale exhibition, Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable, featuring artifacts retrieved from a Roman-era shipwreck in the Indian Ocean. The following year, a “documentary” was released on Netflix featuring the backstory of the wreck's excavation, showing how all those coral-encrusted antiquities made their way from the seafloor to the art scene. At this same time and elsewhere in Britain, a practitioner of art history, art, and maritime archaeology was in the process of developing the concept of “hauntography” as an object-oriented artistic method that represents (visually or otherwise) the ontological absent-presence of shipwrecks, that is, as objects that defy complete phenomenological access, while inspiring speculation into the uncanniness of being a thing of anthropogenic origin, but which persists beyond anthropos. Because both hauntography and Hirst's project make claims regarding epistemological and phenomenological limits pertaining to underwater wreckage, this article answers the question first posed by the author's students as to whether Hirst's satirical take on shipwreck archaeology ought to be considered the first hauntograph. By examining the relationships between two contemporary art projects, underwater archaeology, and object-oriented philosophies, this article considers how art objects might nudge epistemological limits without resorting to a post-truth dismissal of objective reality.
Modulate Perceptual Learning: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces the Inversion Effect for Faces and Checkerboards
Authors: Civile Ciro , McCourt Siobhan , McLaren Rossy
Published: February 2025

We report here the results from a large transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) study (n = 120) investigating the effects of anodal stimulation on perceptual learning indexed by the inversion effect for face (Experiment 1a) and checkerboard (Experiment 1b) stimuli. We aimed to compare the effects of anodal tDCS delivered at Fp3 scalp area, with the return electrode placed at Fp2 (Fp3–Fp2), versus anodal tDCS also at Fp3 but with the return electrode placed at Cz (Fp3–Cz) and a sham control group. The study was conducted via a double-blind procedure, where participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (Fp3–Fp2, Fp3–Cz, sham) and engaged with 2 matching task experiments, 1 testing the face inversion effect (Experiment 1a) and 1 testing the checkerboard inversion effect (Experiment 1b), presented in a counterbalanced order. The results from the anodal Fp3–Fp2 group revealed a lower inversion effect for face and checkerboard stimuli than that found in the Fp3–Cz and sham groups. No differences were found between the anodal Fp3–Cz and sham groups. Our results contribute to an emerging line of research showing how a specific tDCS procedure (Fp3–Fp2) can modulate perceptual learning indexed by the inversion effect.
The Political Unconscious of Polish 1990s Cinema
Authors: Jagielski Sebastian , Gałązka Robert
Published: February 2025

Andrzej Żuławski's Szamanka [She-Shaman, 1996], based on a screenplay by feminist writer Manuela Gretkowska, uses obscene fantasy to expose the social dynamics of 1990s’ Poland. These were obscured by the ideological fantasies that reinforced the reactionary ideology of the transition, excluding the lower classes from the transformation project and blocking emancipatory potentials. She-Shaman, I contend, provocatively revives a longstanding fear of invasion by “wild” provincial migrants who threaten to infect the health body of the middle class, on the one hand, and, on the other, of strong women who reject the repressive language of patriarchy. I situate She-Shaman in the context of other Polish films of the nineties concerned with women's social advancement. If the narrative films Przystań [The haven, 1997] by Jan Hryniak and Torowisko [The junction, 1999] by Urszula Urbaniak conceal class and gender antagonisms in the name of a social contract, Żuławski's film, with its aesthetic of disintegration and excess, exacerbates these conflicts.
Hanna Polak's Documentaries of Russia's Lost Souls
Authors: Holmgren Beth
Published: February 2025

Among the increasing numbers of Polish female doc makers winning awards at international festivals since the 2010s, Hanna Polak stands out as a successful director whose progress has been both circuitous and exceptional. This essay tracks how Polak became a documentarian during the years she spent in post-Soviet Moscow, making films that initially served and then eclipsed her charity work for homeless children in the capital and squatters forced to work and live on the city's svalka, the largest garbage dump in Europe. Focusing on the two films that garnered Polak an international reputation—the documentary short Children from the Leningrad Station (2004) and the full-length Something Better to Come (2014)—I compare how the subjects in these films determine the footage she accrues; the plots that she shapes; her shot choices and use of monologues and voice-overs; and the directorial modalities that she embraces in relation to her protagonists and their very different contexts.
MỘT SỐ GIẢI PHÁP XÂY DỰNG, KIỆN TOÀN, CỦNG CỐ, NÂNG CAO CHẤT LƯỢNG CỦA HỆ THỐNG CHÍNH TRỊ CƠ SỞ NHẰM GIỮ VỮNG ỔN ĐỊNH CHÍNH TRỊ - XÃ HỘI Ở TÂY NGUYÊN
Authors: Lê Văn Đính
Published: February 2025

Hệ thống chính trị cơ sở có vai trò rất lớn đến việc giữ vững ổn định chính trị - xã hội vùng đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số và miền núi cả nước nói chung và địa bàn các tỉnh Tây Nguyên nói riêng. Trong thời gian tới, dự báo tình hình an ninh chính trị, trật tự an toàn xã hội trên địa bàn các tỉnh Tây Nguyên còn tiềm ẩn nhiều yếu tố phức tạp. Do vậy, ngoài việc thực hiện tốt các giải pháp về kinh tế - văn hoá - xã hội, thì việc kiện toàn, củng cố, nâng cao chất lượng của hệ thống chính trị cơ sở nhằm giữ vững ổn định chính trị - xã hội ở Tây Nguyên là rất cần thiết trong bối cảnh mới hiện nay
THỰC TRẠNG VÀ GIẢI PHÁP THOÁT NGHÈO CHO ĐỒNG BÀO DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ Ở HUYỆN A LƯỚI, THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ
Authors: Trương Công Lê Hoàng
Published: February 2025

Với địa hình đặc thù là miền núi, biên giới, tiếp giáp với nước bạn Lào, thuộc phía Tây của thành phố Huế, giao thông đi lại khó khăn, đồng bào dân tộc chiếm đa số, kinh tế chậm phát triển đã đẩy Huyện A Lưới (thành phố Huế) nằm trong danh sách 74 huyện nghèo nhất của cả nước. Với mục tiêu góp phần xóa bỏ tình trạng đói nghèo ở huyện A Lưới nói riêng và các địa phương khác trên cả nước nói chung, nghiên cứu được thực hiện dựa trên việc phân tích số liệu được thu thập từ các nghiên cứu liên quan và thực tế khảo sát tại địa phương để tìm ra những nguyên nhân tồn tại của vấn đề nghèo đói, từ đó đưa ra một số giải pháp để khắc phục những vấn đề trên. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, ngoài những vấn đề khách quan về thiên nhiên, những nhân tố về con người, bộ máy hành chính, chính sách cũng là một trong những nguyên nhân nghèo đói tại địa phương này
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Articulate Storyline 3 terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPAS Materi Bagian Tubuh Tumbuhan Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Angraini Yeni , Hardiansyah Framz , Kuswandi Iwan
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran Articulate Storyline 3 dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAS pada materi bagian tubuh tumbuhan di SDN Moncek Timur. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan model eksperimen. Penelitian eksperimen ini dilaksanakan menggunakan desain Pre-Experimental Design, dimana hanya terdapat satu kelompok eksperimen tanpa adanya kelompok kontrol. Rancangan penelitian yang diterapkan adalah one group pretest-posttest, yang memungkinkan untuk membandingkan hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum dan setelah penerapan media pembelajaran Ariculate Storyline 3. Berdasarkan hasil uji paired sample t-test diperoleh nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Berdasarkan kaidah pengambilan keputusan dalam uji paired sample t-test, dimana nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) < 0,05 atau 0,000 < 0,05, bahwa hipotesis H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran Articulate Storyline 3 berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SDN Moncek Timur.
Knowledge and Attitude of Hypertensive Patients to Control Hypertension at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
Authors: Shah Syed Hashim Ali , Basir Wasif
Published: February 2025

Hypertension is a major public health concern globally, including in Pakistan, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, knowledge and attitudes toward hypertension management remain inadequately explored in Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hypertensive patients toward hypertension control at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to July 2024, involving 584 hypertensive patients aged 40-75 years. Data were collected using a structured, physician-administered questionnaire, which assessed patients' knowledge of hypertension, attitudes toward lifestyle modifications, and medication adherence. Descriptive statistics summarized the demographic characteristics, while chi-square tests were used to explore associations between knowledge and adherence behaviours. Results: Of the participants, 34.8% demonstrated good knowledge of hypertension, and 69.8% recognized it as a cardiovascular risk. Medication adherence was high, with 72.5% of patients consistently following their prescribed regimen. Regular blood pressure monitoring was performed by 59.7% of participants, though 31.5% had not monitored their BP for over a month. A significant association was found between knowledge levels and adherence to medication (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the study reveals substantial gaps in knowledge about hypertension among patients, despite good medication adherence rates. Targeted educational interventions are needed to improve understanding of hypertension and its management, especially in resource-limited settings.
Association of Klotho Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mudassar Sahar , Sarfraz Abubakar , Shahid Amina , Ahmed Ijaz , Joher Imran , Anam .
Published: February 2025

Genetic variants in the Klotho gene could influence the way β-cells function and effectively glucose functions, and this might influence the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Objectives: To investigate the association between Klotho gene polymorphisms rs677332 and to determine the risk of developing type II diabetes in a case-control study. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from Feb 2024 to July 2024 at the Department of Pathology, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore. The total number of participants was n=586, sample n=293 case diabetics and 293 controls. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyped using Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by restriction digestion and validated through Sanger sequencing. To evaluate the genetic and clinical data, statistical tests were performed with SPSS version 25.0 and PLINK (v1.07). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and region, was used to determine associations between Klotho polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Fasting blood glucose levels were used as a reference variable in multiple nominal regression. Results: The SNPs rs677332 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes were significantly correlated, underscoring the importance of age, BMI, and heredity in diabetes risk. Logistic regression confirmed that individuals in the AA genotype were linked to a 73% rise in the likelihood of diabetes (OR=1.73, p=0.004). Conclusions: The rs677332 polymorphism of the Klotho gene may serve as a potential protective factor against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The outcomes report the significance of Klotho gene variants for metabolic health and indicate the possible advantages of genetic screening for early treatment
The Pattern of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dengue Fever among Patients Presenting to Hit Hospital, Taxila Cantt
Authors: Umar Sana , Javed Ayesha , Aslam Ummara , Abbas Syed Hassan Burair , Yasmin Raheela , Rauf Manal , Javed Ambreen , Sadiq Sarah , Rauf Shahid
Published: February 2025

Dengue fever affects over 600 million people globally each year, with its burden increasing eightfold in the past 15 years. It is endemic in 129 nations. Objective: To identify the pattern of hematological and biochemical parameters in patients at HIT Hospital, Taxila, and examine their correlation. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 118 patients with positive serology reported between August and November 2022. Parameters studied included hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, leucocyte count, and plasma Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Results: Among 118 patients, 77 were male, and 41 were female. Patients under 18 years comprised 8.5%, those aged 18–49 years constituted 61.0%, and those aged 50+ accounted for 30.5%. Severe dengue cases showed significantly reduced platelet counts across all age groups (p < 0.05). In mild dengue, 3 of 17 patients had normal ALT levels, while 11 showed abnormal levels. In moderate cases, 27 of 87 had normal ALT levels, while 60 exhibited elevated levels. Severe cases showed elevated ALT levels in 16 of 17 patients. Conclusions: Males and individuals aged 18–49 are more vulnerable to dengue and should take extra precautions. Elevated liver transaminases, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia indicate a high likelihood of dengue infection, aiding diagnosis and treatment planning. Awareness campaigns must be expanded to larger populations, including literate individuals, to prevent the disease effectively.
Modeling Time Series Global Mean Temperature Index Using SARIMA, NARNN, and SARIMA-NARNN Hybrid Models
Authors: Chi Yeong Nain
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of time series models in both modeling and forecasting processes, leveraging extensive monthly global mean temperature index data spanning from January 1880 to December 2016. Employing the Box–Jenkins methodology, this study identified the SARIMA (2,1,2)(0,0,2)12 model with drift as the most suitable fit for the time series, determined by its lowest AIC value. Utilizing the LM algorithm, the empirical results revealed that the NARNN model, comprising 11 neurons in the hidden layer and 6-time delays, exhibited superior performance among nonlinear autoregressive neural network models, boasting a smaller MSE value. While SARIMA and NARNN models excel in addressing linear and nonlinear challenges within time series data, respectively, this study proposes the use of a SARIMA-NARNN hybrid model. By combining SARIMA and NARNN capabilities, this hybrid approach offers a comprehensive solution, effectively addressing both linear and nonlinear modeling requirements. Comparative analyses underscored the superiority of the hybrid model over standalone SARIMA(2,1,2)(0,0,2)12 with drift model and the NARNN model with 11 neurons in the hidden layer and 6 time delays, showcasing higher accuracy through its lowest MSE in this study. These findings contribute significantly to bridging critical gaps in time series forecasting methodologies by leveraging the strengths of both statistical and machine learning approaches.
Critical Analysis of Domestic Industry in Korean Anti-Dumping Investigations
Authors: Jung Sejung
Published: February 2025

p class="MsoNormal"This research examines
the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement and relevant cases concerning the ‘domestic
industry’ definition in Article 4.1. It then empirically analyses how the Korea
Trade Commission (KTC) applies this concept in its anti-dumping investigations.
The WTO Agreement and disputed cases grant investigating authorities discretion
in defining the domestic industry. The KTC likewise exercises this discretion
in determining the scope of the domestic industry and interpreting relevant
provisions for excluding producers. However, this study identifies
inconsistencies in the KTC’s interpretation of the domestic industry,
particularly regarding industry representativeness. It also highlights the lack
of consistent standards in this interpretation. This research reveals that
while flexibility is permitted in defining the domestic industry, there are
concerns about the consistency and clarity of the KTC’s approach. This
ambiguity in interpretation and application of standards raises questions about
the effectiveness and fairness of KTC’s current approach in representing
domestic industries in anti-dumping investigations.o:p/o:p
A study on the impact of entrepreneurship support program on entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurial competency, and entrepreneurial will
Authors:   Global Venture Research Institute, Kim Yong-tae
Published: February 2025

This study empirically analyzed whether entrepreneurship experience activities implemented as various irregular activities such as entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship club activities, which are taught as regular coursework and awarded credits in universities, actually have a real effect on college students’ entrepreneurship efficacy, entrepreneurial competency, and entrepreneurial will. The results of the study showed that, first, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial experience activities had a positive effect on both entrepreneurship efficacy and entrepreneurial competency. Second, both entrepreneurship efficacy and entrepreneurial competency had a positive effect on entrepreneurial will. Third, among entrepreneurship support programs, entrepreneurship activity support was found to have an effect on entrepreneurial will. Fourth, among entrepreneurship support programs, entrepreneurship efficacy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship competency support and entrepreneurial will, and entrepreneurial competency had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship support programs and entrepreneurial will. Based on the results of this study, in order to increase college students' entrepreneurial will, it is necessary to improve the quality of entrepreneurship support programs and seek various methods, and to provide sufficient support for innovation in entrepreneurship education and various direct entrepreneurial activities that can increase entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial competency.
The Yin and Yang of Iodine in Human Physiology
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit
Published: February 2025

To prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), the universal salt iodization (USI) programme has been initiated in many such regions, including several environmentally iodine-sufficient regions ignoring iodine status; as a consequence, thyroid dysfunctions, namely hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid diseases, endemic goiter and even thyroid cancer including infertility, stillbirths, abortions, and embryotoxicity are found common among the excess iodine-induced population. In other words, the consequences of iodine deficiency and excess are almost ‘U’- shaped. Chronic intake of low iodine affects the overall physiological functions of humans; however, such effects are also observed when excess iodine is consumed. This article will provide novel information regarding the deficiency and excess of iodine or, in other words, The Yin and Yang of Iodine in human physiology.
Prevalence of goiter among school children and iodine content in edible salt and drinking water in Rampurhat Sub-division of Birbhum District in West Bengal, India
Authors: Tripathy Smritiratan
Published: February 2025

Background: A deficiency of iodine in the diet leads to many visible and invisible health consequences. The major consequences of iodine deficiency are enlargement of the thyroid gland, mental defects, deaf mutism, stillbirth, and miscarriage. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of goiter among schoolchildren in the Rampurhat Sub-division of Birbhum district in West Bengal. Methods: A total of 2712 school children (6–12 years) were clinically examined for goiter from eight CD Blocks and two Municipalities of the studied region. Iodine content in 350 salt samples and 80 drinking water samples were measured. Results: The overall goiter prevalence was found to be 13.13%. Most of the goiter is palpable, i.e., Grade 1 goiter, however visible, or grade 2 goiter also exists. Observation showed that 18.28% of samples had iodine levels less than the recommended value of 15 ppm. However, the iodine contents in the drinking water samples were adequate. Conclusion: Observation suggests a mild degree of goiter endemicity as a public health issue, though the study region’s people consume adequate iodine through edible salt and drinking water. Based on this observation, it may be concluded that to prevent and control this public health problem from the studied region, iodine nutritional status as evidenced by urinary iodine level and studies to find the etiological factors other than iodine deficiency are most urgent.
Impact of specific calisthenics conditioning program on physiological and health-related fitness parameters of sedentary adults
Authors: Prasad Abhishek , Saini Ashwani
Published: February 2025

Background: Physical inactivity is a global pandemic, with a significant proportion of adults classified as sedentary, and it leads to a chief threat issue for numerous lasting health problems. The present study examined the effect of a specific calisthenics conditioning program on the metabolism, skeletal weight, body age, body fat, and blood pressure of sedentary adults. Methods: The program was implemented for 10 weeks, with 15 participants in each training and control group. A bioelectrical impedance analysis scan was conducted to evaluate the participant’s metabolism and health-related parameters, while blood pressure was assessed using a sphygmomanometer. The participants were exposed to a specific calisthenics conditioning program for 10 weeks, three days a week, with an emphasis on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory Results: The specific calisthenic conditioning program has significantly improved diastolic blood pressure, resting metabolism, heart rate, and body fat. However, the training had insignificant effects on systolic blood pressure, skeletal muscle percentage, and body age. Conclusion: The study shows that using a calisthenic conditioning program has a promising and positive impact on sedentary adults' physiological and health-related fitness parameters.
Cord and peripheral blood mononuclear cell analysis by scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry
Authors: Sayak Manna  , Tapan K Naskar  , Law Sujata
Published: February 2025

Background: Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of hematopoietic cells, which vary in phenotypic expressions from that of adultperipheral blood. Our study focused on differences in fresh and fixed cell populations isolated from umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood using flow cytometric analysis and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Methods: Adult peripheral blood (PB) and cord blood (CB) was collected from individuals from Kolkata. Our study emphasised on thedifferences in fresh and fixed cord and peripheral blood samples through forward and side scattering of flow cytometer and without any surface antigens. We also studied the morphological variations of both the cord and peripheral MNC using SEM images.Results: The flow cytometric analysis of whole cord blood and isolated cord MNC showed significant differences in counts whencompared to adults in both fresh and fixed samples. Our SEM images indicated similar morphological features in cord leucocytes when compared to adult leucocytes. It was also observed presence of reticulocytes in SEM analysis only in cord MNC as compared to adult.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of flow cytometry for analysing cellular populations in cord and adult peripheral blood, without requiring antigen markers. Additionally, our SEM analysis provides some insights on the morphology of mononuclear cells from CB and PB sources, enhancing our understanding of normal cellular dynamics in the regenerative medicine domain.
The practice of humanistic healing: Physicians’ journey through time
Authors: Bhandari Bharti , Prerna Agarwal  , Shridhar Dwivedi
Published: February 2025

Humanistic healing is an integrative approach to health and wellness that prioritizes the individual’s subjective experience and inherent potential for growth, aligning closely with the principles of humanistic psychology. This approach considers the interplay between physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health, aiming to restore balance and harmony. Indian culture has consistently valued and upheld the duty of helping those in need. Since ancient times, many renowned works in Sanskrit have emphasized the importance of benevolent acts. Keeping in line with the existing principles, since ancient times, the emphasis was not just on therapeutic care but on promotive and preventive health care as suggested by ancient Indian scriptures like Sushruta and Charak Samhita. In the past, communication skills, empathy, compassion, and preventive and holistic approaches to treatment have been reinforced during each era worldwide. One of the quotes of Sir William Osler’s ‘One of the first duties of the physician is to educate the masses not to take medicine’ is more relevant in the current scenario where rampant use of medicine has become a norm. As per NMC, the Goal of UG Medical Education Program is to produce an “Indian Medical Graduate” (IMG) possessing requisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and responsiveness so that she or he may function appropriately and effectively as a physician of first contact of the community while being globally relevant. To fulfill this goal, the NMC has defined certain roles for the IMG -namely clinician, communicator, leader, member of a health care team, life-long learner and professional.In this review, we have focussed on the humanistic qualities of a physician that existed in the past and are also evident in the present. It has also highlighted the importance of self-care and pursuing interest beyond medicine among physicians, along with the attributes a physician should possess in the current scenario
Prevalence of undernutrition and anemia among male brick workers in north 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, India
Authors: Dutta Chowdhury Sutanu , Jyotirmoy Sikdar  , Piyali Santra  , Subhasish Pramanik  , Barnali Roy Basu
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the nutritional and anemia status of adult male brick workers of North 24- Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Methods: 72 randomly selected male brick workers were taken for this cross-sectional study. The nutritional status was assessed from the reference values of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The 24-hour recall method was used for dietary assessment. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value (HCT%) were measured, and the grade of anemia was assessed. Results: About 34.5 and 40.12% of brick workers were found to be undernourished in terms of BMI and MUAC, respectively. About 91.67% of brick workers were found to be anemic. Consumption of calories and protein and the percent intake of vitamins and minerals were found to be lower than the recommended daily allowance (RDA). SES of brick workers was significantly correlated with their BMI (p <0.05), MUAC (p <0.05), HCT% (p <0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (p <0.001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that a high prevalence of undernutrition and anemia exists in surveyed brick workers. SES and insufficient dietary intake seemed to be the significant determinants of their vulnerable nutritional status and anemia.
Legal reform for rectifying child violence in educational settings through the lens of justice
Authors: Mashdurohatun Anis , Sopiah Euis , Harris Muhammad , Radot Porman Patuan , Mulia Jhon
Published: February 2025

Child violence in educational settings is a pressing issue that demands urgent legal reform to ensure the safety and well-being of both students and academics. This article examines the current legal frameworks addressing child violence in schools and advocates for reform based on the principles of justice. It critically analyzes the existing regulations, including the Law on Child Protection and the Law on Teachers and Lecturers, highlighting their limitations in effectively preventing and addressing incidents of violence. The article argues that while these laws provide some degree of protection for children, they often fail to strike a balance between safeguarding students and ensuring the fair treatment of academics, who are sometimes unjustly penalized for enforcing discipline. By focusing on justice-based values, the article proposes a reconceptualization of existing legal provisions, incorporating clearer guidelines that protect children from various forms of violence—physical, psychological, and sexual—while also safeguarding the rights of academics. The proposed legal reforms emphasize the importance of defining the boundaries of disciplinary actions in educational settings, ensuring that academics are not criminalized for maintaining order. Furthermore, the article stresses the need for continuous professional development programs for teachers, aimed at enhancing conflict resolution skills and preventing abusive behaviors. Ultimately, the article calls for a more equitable and just legal system that addresses the complexities of child violence in schools, ensuring that both children and academics are protected in a way that promotes a safe and productive learning environment. The proposed reforms have the potential to reshape the educational landscape, fostering a culture of respect, understanding, and accountability.
Emerging Trends in Business Education Worldwide: A Comprehensive Research Review
Authors: Rattanachotithavorn Suthinanth , Jeerapattanatorn Pattarawat
Published: February 2025

This review article examines the emerging trends in business education to address the rapidly evolving demands of a global, technology-driven economy. The study systematically analyzed 64 research articles from academic databases, of which 28 high-quality studies met the inclusion criteria based on their direct relevance to business education and clear articulation of recent trends. Key findings reveal an increasing integration of digital tools, such as AI and data analytics, alongside blended and adaptive learning models that support personalized education and prepare students for a data-centric workforce. Furthermore, globalization has led to curricular reforms emphasizing global competencies and ethical frameworks aligned with sustainability and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Entrepreneurship education has also gained prominence, with experiential learning models fostering adaptability and innovative thinking essential in volatile business environments. This review highlights both the progress and challenges in implementing these trends, particularly in resource-limited regions. Recommendations include adopting flexible learning infrastructures, emphasizing cultural and ethical competencies, and exploring public-private partnerships to support equitable access to modern educational technologies. These insights serve as a guide for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to advance the quality and relevance of business education worldwide.
The Guideline to Enhance Competency of Basic Education Chinese Students
Authors: Zhang Yudan , Thongpuban Winai , Asawapoom Saman
Published: February 2025

This study explores the most effective ways to equip Chinese students with skills that are required to succeed in a constantly changing global world. The research focuses on secondary and high school students in Nanning, Guangxi, China, using the “EDGEG” model to assess critical competencies that are predicted for the next ten years. The aim of the research is to assess how educators and educational institutions could develop these competencies through targeted interventions across five dimensions: Engagement, Determination, Grit, Empowerment, and Goal Setting. A mixed-method approach, including surveys and interviews with experts, has been used to gather information from 40 educational institutions. The findings indicate that schools and educators can noticeably enhance student competencies by building well-rounded support systems and through changes in curricula and growth mindset practices. These will jointly contribute to the development of resilience, self-efficacy, and lifelong learning capacity in students, preparing them for academic and personal success.
Enhancing Digital Creativity in Higher Education Through Gamified Distance Learning Systems
Authors: Amornrit Phantipa , Bootchuy Patthanan , Smitananda Phanompatt
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to examine the impact of a gamified distance learning system on enhancing digital creativity in distance education. The research involved 36 graduate students from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University enrolled in the Public Administration Innovation course. Over a six-week experimental period, the learning system incorporated gamification elements, including missions, challenges, and collaborative tasks, to promote engagement and skill development. Data collection tools comprised 1) a digital creativity assessment form, 2) an evaluation rubric for learners’ digital innovation projects, and 3) a satisfaction survey regarding the gamified learning system. The data were analyzed using t-test dependent statistics to compare digital creativity scores before and after the intervention, rubric criteria for project quality evaluation, and descriptive statistics for satisfaction levels. Results showed a significant increase in digital creativity, with post-test scores (M = 4.49, SD = 0.21) significantly higher than pre-test scores (M = 3.19, SD = 0.19) at the 0.05 significance level. Rubric-based evaluations indicated that learners’ digital innovation projects were rated between good and very good. Additionally, learners expressed high satisfaction with the gamified system, with an average score of 4.35 (SD = 0.69). This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of gamification in fostering digital creativity, addressing a notable gap in traditional educational methods. The integration of game-based elements within distance education supports increased interaction, motivation, and collaboration among learners. The findings underscore the potential of gamified learning systems as a strategic tool for enhancing essential digital skills and creativity in higher education. The study highlights practical implications for curriculum design and offers innovative approaches to address the challenges of distance learning in the digital age. Further exploration is recommended to optimize gamification designs for diverse educational contexts and learner needs.
Impacts of Digital Media Literacy Skills on the Accuracy of Truth Discernment
Authors: Sarmiento Anna Kresuza B. , Codjo Juste , Fisher Scott , Alhayajneh Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This paper is a segment of a larger dissertation exploring the impact of digital media literacy (DML) skills on the accuracy of truth discernment. The purpose of this paper is to offer broader access to the findings and contribute to the discussions of disinformation, focusing on the significance of the accuracy of truth discernment in politics and law. As earlier studies have examined, the influx of disinformation in the digital age was a pressing global security threat, spreading rapidly through social media platforms. Disinformation, consisting of the deliberate spread of falsehoods, causing chaos and confusion eroded trust in media and government, driving citizens to believe falsehoods to be true, particularly in the absence of DML to discern the reliability of information. This study supports earlier research, revealing that simplifying access to credible information empowers individuals to retrieve trustworthy sources. The qualitative content analysis conducted in this study shows that DML skills shape truth-seeking behaviors, finding high correlations between DML skills and informed political participation. The findings of this research delineate the theoretical mechanisms of how DML skills empower individuals to engage in civil society by synthesizing themes described by scholars within the top 100 cited sample studies selected. Future researchers can assess the theoretical mechanisms outlined in this study to determine their effectiveness by implementing training programs to develop foundations for informed decision-making, political participation, and responsible sharing behavior.
Muziek, criminaliteit en cultuur
Authors: Decorte Tom , Siegel Dina
Published: February 2025

Music, criminality and culture

Various disciplines have a longstanding tradition of studying musical genres and the various functions of music, but few criminologists focus on music in their scientific work. This article discusses various relationships between music, crime and culture. We discuss the hypothesis of ‘criminogenic’ music genres, and countless examples of criminalisation of music. We point at the stilistic importance of music genres for subcultures and social movements, and we raise ethical aspects: music can also be used as an instrument of (symbolic) violence, as a punishment or even as torture. Finally, we discuss other functional uses of music: as a vehicle for human emotions, for therapeutic purposes, to influence the behavior of employees and consumers, to enhance feelings of public safety, and to prevent crime and nuisance.
Gangsters en jazz
Authors: Bovenkerk Frank
Published: February 2025

Gangsters and jazz

The social history of jazz music in America since 1880 has been described as a movement out of the inauspicious background of night clubs and brothels in the urban underworld. In 1980 Ronald L. Morris has published a book, Wait until dark, fostering a contrary view (that should inspire criminology). Morris claimed that until 1940 the ‘mob’ had promoted jazz music as gangsters hired black musicians without concern for the law and the conventions of racial segregation. There is some evidence that even during the 1950s the jazz scene of New York City and Las Vegas had also been partly organized by the mafia.
Lou Reed’s Walk on the Wild Side. Transgressie in seks, drugs en rock ’n roll
Authors: Müller Thaddeus
Published: February 2025

Lou Reed’s Walk on the Wild Side. Transgression in sex, drugs and rock ‘n roll

In this article I will explore the concept of transgression within the realm of rock music using the biography of Lou Reed, known for such songs as ‘Walk on the Wild Side’ and ’I’m Waiting for the Man’. I discuss Lou Reed’s social transgressions as a reaction to and resistance toward institutions of social control such as family, media and the music industry, which stigmatized him as an outsider. This study, which is based on secondary material, such as biographies, interviews and songs, shows how Lou Reed transgressed social norms with respect to drugs, sex, and gender.
Using Media and Literature to Improve English Reading and Writing Skills
Authors:   An associate professor of “Foreign languages” department of Karshi State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Djumaeva G.A.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the role of media and literature in the process of teaching English, especially in the context of improving reading and writing skills. The description of the theoretical and practical aspects of using various media formats, such as news articles, films, videos, as well as fiction and scientific literature, allows us to identify their impact on the development of language competencies. Methods of integrating these resources into the educational process to create a more dynamic and effective learning environment are also being considered.
Reflexions i orientacions per al desplegament del nou currículum de Tecnologia i Digitalització a l'ESO
Authors: Simarro Cristina
Published: February 2025

L’article analitza, des de la perspectiva de la didàctica de la tecnologia i l’enginyeria, l’assignatura de Tecnologia i Digitalització (1r a 3r ESO) del nou currículum. S’ofereix una discussió sobre alguns dels elements clau del nou currículum, identificant aspectes de millora i plantejant alternatives per al seu desplegament a l’aula.
SOSIALISASI PROGRAM KABUPATEN/KOTA SEHAT DI FORUM KOTA SEHAT TEGALLAYANG, CATURHARJO, KAPANEWON PANDAK, BANTUL
Authors: Kasjono Heru Subaris , Rubaya Agus Kharmayana , Kusumastuti Yuni , Yamtana Yamtana , Sintawati Ratna Etika
Published: February 2025

Tegallayang, Caturharjo, Kapanewon Pandak, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, is one of the designated locations for the Healthy District or City (Kabupaten atau Kota Sehat, KKS) assessment in Bantul in 2025. To achieve the objectives of this program, the local government must establish a forum focused on empowering community cadres. However, not all regions have effectively implemented the Healthy District or City program. Challenges include the lack of outreach and socialization by the government, resulting in limited public awareness of the program, as well as inadequate cross-sectoral collaboration. This community engagement activity aims to enhance knowledge about the Healthy District or City initiative and provide guidance for creating residential areas that meet health indicators. The methods employed include delivering material using PowerPoint presentations and LCD projectors, targeting the Healthy District or City forum groups in Kapanewon Pandak, Bantul
Pengaruh Latihan Shooting Menggunakan Punggung Kaki dan Kaki Bagian dalam Terhadap Kemampuan Shooting dalam Permainan Futsal di SD Inpres 7/83 Poleonro
Authors: Alihzan Dedi , Darminto Andi Ogo , Rijaluddin Khalid , Songe Andi
Published: February 2025

Based on the formulation of the problem above, this study aims to determine the effect of Shooting Practice Using the Instep and Inside of the Foot on Shooting Ability in Futsal Games at SD Inpre 7/83 Poleonro. This study uses quantitative research with an experimental design, the two-group pretest-posttest design. The location of the study is at SD Inpres 7/83 Poleonro. The population of this study were all male students at SD Inpres 7/83 Poleonro while the sample of this study was some male students at SD Inpres 7/83 Poleonro. The variables in this study used two variables, namely the independent variable is the shooting practice method using the instep and the shooting practice method using the inside of the foot and the dependent variable is the ability to shoot. The research instrument was a test using a pretest and posttest. Data analysis used a normality test, a homogeneity test and a hypothesis test using the SPSS 26 program.
Analisis Kebijakan Madrasah di MAN 1 Pekalongan Berdasarkan (SKB 3 Menteri Tahun 1975, UU No 20 Tahun 1989, UU No 20 Tahun 2003)
Authors: Santoso Achmad Erwin
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze madrasah policies at MAN 1 Pekalongan based on three main legal bases, namely the 1975 Joint Decree of 3 Ministers, Law No. 20 of 1989 concerning the National Education System, and Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytical method, involving document review and interviews with related parties at MAN 1 Pekalongan. The results of the study indicate that madrasah policies at MAN 1 Pekalongan are in line with the principles stated in the 1975 Joint Decree of 3 Ministers, which emphasize the integration of religious and general curriculum. In addition, the implementation of the policy also meets the standards stipulated in Law No. 20 of 1989, especially regarding the management of educational institutions with Islamic characteristics. Furthermore, based on Law No. 20 of 2003, the policies at MAN 1 Pekalongan support the implementation of competency-based education by considering local and global relevance. This study concludes that the madrasah policy at MAN 1 Pekalongan is able to accommodate national regulations while strengthening the characteristics of madrasahs as modern Islamic educational institutions. However, it is necessary to strengthen the synergy aspect between local and national regulations to improve the quality of education more holistically.
Human Metapneumovírus (HMPV): um estudo de contexto
Authors: Silva Luciano Cicero da , Malta Arlete do Monte Massela , Lima Fabiano de , Bohórquez Karen de Fátima Figueroa , Martins Samuel Ribeiro , Machado Sergio Raimundo Ernesto , Nobre Sheila Érika Ferro Ramalho
Published: February 2025

O metapneumovírus humano (hMPV) é um importante agente viral responsável por infecções res- piratórias agudas, especialmente em crianças, idosos e indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Desde sua descoberta em 2001, tem sido amplamente estudado devido à sua relevância clínica e seme- lhança com o vírus sincicial respiratório humano (hRSV). Apesar dos avanços no diagnóstico, que atualmente depende de técnicas moleculares como RT-PCR, ainda não existem antivirais ou vacinas aprovadas para o tratamento do hMPV. Estratégias terapêuticas promissoras, como inibidores de fusão e RNA interferente, demonstraram eficácia em modelos experimentais. No entanto, a maior dificuldade para o desenvolvimento de vacinas eficazes é a indução de uma resposta imunológica duradoura. Pesquisas futuras devem focar na otimização de abordagens imunogênicas, no aprofun- damento do conhecimento sobre a patogênese viral e no desenvolvimento de terapias específicas para reduzir o impacto do hMPV na saúde pública.