bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical electrolyte concentration of chromatin in polytene chromosomes of Trichosia pubescens (Diptera, Sciaridae)
Authors: Monteiro Ana Lúcia P. , Mello Maria Luiza S.
Published: December 2006

The binding of toluidine blue molecules to nucleic acid phosphates under conditions of competition with Mg2+ ions was studied in Trichosia pubescens polytene chromosome regions differing in composition and organization (RNA-rich areas and puffs, DNA puffs, heterochromatin). The aim was to find variability in the Mg2+ concentration at which metachromasy was completely prevented (= critical electrolyte concentration; CEC) and that could reflect differences at the level of nucleoprotein complexes in particular chromosome regions and developmental phases. Although high CEC values have been found in tightly packed chromatin such as that of heterochromatin zones, the CEC values for the other regions have proven to be affected not only by availability and proximity of DNA phosphates but also by RNA richness and other factors. Among these, changes in DNA geometry and packing state have been assumed for explaining increased values after RNA removal in DNA puffs and RNA-rich zones. Based on CEC values it has been suggested that alterations at the level of nucleoprotein complexes may occur in puffs before they are morphologically detectable. CEC results for polytene chromosomes were thus revealed to vary considerably with slight variations in nucleoprotein composition and organization. However, since a complex and apparently contradictory rationale has to be used for explaining part of the results, CEC is not recommended as a useful tool for extensive and comparative studies of this particular model.
Genetic variation in body weight gain and composition in the intercross of Large (LG/J) and Small (SM/J) inbred strains of mice
Authors: Kramer Melissa G. , Vaughn Ty T. , Pletscher L. Susan , King-Ellison Kelly , Adams Emily , Erikson Christopher , Cheverud James M.
Published: December 2006

Strain intercross experiments provide a powerful means for mapping genes affecting complex quantitative traits. We report on the genetic variability of the intercross of the Large (LG/J) and Small (SM/J) inbred mouse strains as a guide to gene mapping studies. Ten SM/J males were crossed to 10 LG/J females, after which animals were randomly mated to produce F1, F2, and F3 intercross generations. The 1632 F3 animals from 200 full-sib families were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations of the traits measured. A subset of families was cross-fostered at birth to allow measurement of the importance of post-natal maternal effects. Data was collected on weekly body weight from one to 10 weeks and on organ weights, body weight, reproductive fat pad weight, and tail length at necropsy in the intercross generations. There was no heterosis for age-specific weights or necropsy traits, except that one-week weight was the highest in the F2 generation, indicating heterosis for maternal effect in the F1 mothers. We found moderate to high heritability for most age-specific weights and necropsy traits. Maternal effects were significant for age-specific weights from one to four weeks but disappeared completely at ten-week weight. Maternal effects for necropsy traits were low and not statistically significant. Age-specific weights showed a typical correlation pattern, with correlation declining as the difference in ages increased. Among necropsy traits, reproductive fat pad and body weights were very highly genetically correlated. Most other genetic correlations were low to moderate. The intercross between SM/J and LG/J inbred mouse strains provides a valuable resource for mapping quantitative trait loci for body size, composition, and morphology
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and cleft lip and palate. Report of two Brazilian families
Authors: Kokitsu-Nakata N.M. , Richieri-Costa A.
Published: December 2006

We have evaluated a girl and a boy with the blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). The girl presented cleft palate and the boy showed cleft lip and palate as additional clinical signs. Both showed familial recurrence in fourth and third generations, respectively. The other family members also presented blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus, but without lip and palatal involvement. There were no additional clinical signs nor infertility in these patients. To our knowledge this is the first instance of cleft lip and palate reported as additional signs of the BPES syndrome.
Clinical, genetical, radiological, and anatomopathological survey of 17 patients with lethal osteochondrodysplasias
Authors: Galera Marcial Francis , Patrício Francy Reis da S. , Cernach Mirlene Cecília S. Pinho , Lederman Henrique Manoel , Brunoni Decio
Published: December 2006

Seventeen patients thought to have lethal osteochondrodysplasias were evaluated. Diagnosis was established through clinical evaluation, radiological studies and necropsy. Genetic counseling was provided to the affected patient's families. Specific diagnosis was confirmed in 16 cases. Nosologic diagnosis was done through clinical evaluation. However, the most efficient method for verifying the diagnosis was a skeletal radiological study. This fact corroborates the orientation of the International Classification of Osteochondrodysplasias (International Working Group on Constitutional Disease of Bone, 1992) in which a radiological criterion was adopted as the most relevant for classification of osteochondrodysplasias. An anatomopathological study was also done to detect internal anomalies, and was effective in identifying abnormalities in epiphyseal growth plate in a bone fragment study. This method had low specificity, but in two cases it was especially decisive for diagnostic differentiation.
Physical map and one-megabase sequencing of the human immunoglobulin lambda locus
Authors: Passos Jr. Geraldo A.S.
Published: December 2006

The human immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) locus is located on chromosome 22q11.1-q11.2 and contains the genes responsible for the immunoglobulin lambda light chains. This locus was recently mapped (physical map) and its 1-Mb DNA totally sequenced. In this review we focus on the characterization of the v-lambda genes, its chromosomal location, genomics and sequencing of the IGL locus.
Avaliação comparativa dos efeitos maxilares da expansão rápida da maxila com os aparelhos de Haas e Hyrax
Authors: Scanavini Marco Antônio , Reis Sílvia Augusta Braga , Simões Marcelo Matiello , Gonçalves Regina Ap. Rossi
Published: December 2006

OBJETIVO: avaliar cefalometricamente os efeitos da expansão rápida da sutura palatina mediana sobre o posicionamento vertical e sagital da maxila, comparando os aparelhos de Haas e Hyrax. METODOLOGIA: a amostra consistiu de 93 telerradiografias obtidas de 31 pacientes jovens, brasileiros, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária inicial média de 13 anos e 2 meses. As radiografias foram tomadas ao início do tratamento (pré-disjunção), imediatamente após a disjunção (pós-disjunção) e ao final do nivelamento. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se que os dois aparelhos disjuntores apresentaram resultados semelhantes, com a ocorrência de deslocamento da maxila em direção inferior, sem rotação, que se manteve ao final do nivelamento e ocorrência de um deslocamento anterior logo após a disjunção, que retornou aos valores pré-disjunção ao final do nivelamento.
Análise das forças produzidas por alças de nivelamento: ensaio mecânico
Authors: Santamaria Jr. Milton , Diaz Antonio Beleño , Elias Carlos Nelson , Souza Margareth Maria Gomes de
Published: December 2006

OBJETIVO: avaliar a força aplicada pelas alças simples, L divergente e L convergente, confeccionadas no fio de 0,016 polegadas, durante a fase de nivelamento, em função da deformação produzida e da amarração do ômega na extremidade posterior dos arcos. METODOLOGIA: empregou-se um modelo especialmente construído para o experimento, mensurando-se as forças por meio da máquina universal EMIC-DL10.000. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: a deformação produzida variou de 0,5 a 2mm e gerou força que variou de 75,1 a 268,5gf para alça simples, 69,7 a 241,0gf para a alça L divergente e 67,0 a 220,4gf para a alça L convergente, na condição de não se amarrar o ômega. Quando o ômega foi amarrado ao molar, a força variou de 105,0 a 311,6gf; 70,8 a 251,4gf e 69,4 a 243,4gf; respectivamente. Aplicou-se teste t de Student para variáveis pareadas e foi verificado que a alça simples produziu maior força de acordo com a deformação, seguida da alça L divergente e L convergente (p<0,05). Esta força cresce ainda mais quando se amarra o ômega na extremidade posterior do arco nos três tipos de alças estudadas (p<0,05).
Estudo da posição natural da cabeça em relação ao plano horizontal de Frankfurt na avaliação mandibular de indivíduos com padrão facial de Classe I e Classe II
Authors: Tôrres Sérgio Carmelo , Costa Cláudio , Faltin Jr. Kurt
Published: December 2006

OBJETIVO: avaliar o comportamento do Plano de Frankfurt e da leitura de posição mandibular em indivíduos com padrões faciais de Classe I e II, relacionados à postura natural da cabeça. METODOLOGIA: fotografias do perfil em PNC foram obtidas dos pacientes em pé e relaxados, olhando a imagem de seus próprios olhos refletida em um espelho colocado 1m à frente deles. Um prumo foi utilizado para definir a linha vertical (VER) nas fotografias e uma linha passando pela glabela e pogônio mole foi transferida das fotografias para as telerradiografias laterais. Uma linha horizontal (HOR), perpendicular à linha vertical, comparada com a referência intracraniana plano horizontal de Frankfurt (HF), foi utilizada para avaliação da variação deste plano em posição natural da cabeça. Foram avaliadas as alterações da PNC sobre a medida cefalométrica da posição sagital do contorno anterior da mandíbula pela diferença entre Nperp-P (McNamara) e Nvert-P. Analisou-se os registros fotográficos e radiográficos pré-tratamento de 60 pacientes selecionados em dois grupos baseados no padrão esquelético facial de Classe I e Classe II. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma alta variação interindividual entre o plano horizontal de Frankfurt (HF) e a linha horizontal verdadeira (HOR) em ambos grupos. Porém, a diferença média apresentou-se mínima entre estas referências, estatisticamente não significante e semelhante nos dois grupos. A relação observada da variação do ângulo HOR.HF para o cálculo estimado da diferença entre Nperp-P e Nvert-P retornou um coeficiente de 1: 2,119 ± 0,029. Esta discrepância do diagnóstico sagital mandibular compromete o planejamento ortodôntico nos pacientes que apresentaram diferença entre os planos horizontais intra e extra-cranianos. Destacamos a importância das avaliações faciais e cefalométricas em norma lateral serem realizadas em posição natural da cabeça, utilizando as linhas horizontal e vertical verdadeiras como referências.
A obstrução nasal e o diagnóstico ortodôntico
Authors: DiFrancesco Renata C. , Bregola Eugênia Georgeous Papanikoulau , Pereira Laura S. , Lima Rubens Simões de
Published: December 2006

OBJETIVO: analisar a freqüência de obstrução nasal em pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico e verificar a correlação com achados faciais e problemas dentários. METODOLOGIA: oitenta pacientes de 7 a 23 anos (37M; 43F) atendidos no Curso de Especialização da SPO, escolhidos aleatoriamente, foram submetidos à avaliação otorrinolaringológica. RESULTADOS: observou-se incidência de 51,3 % de obstrução nasal. A principal causa do distúrbio respiratório foi a rinite inflamatória, provavelmente alérgica, sendo que cerda de 61% dos casos estavam associados à hiperplasia adenoamigdaliana. Observou-se uma maior freqüência de dolicofaciais dentre os pacientes com obstrução nasal, sem significância estatística. Houve uma associação significante entre a atresia maxilar e mordida cruzada e a presença de palato ogival. CONCLUSÃO: o diagnóstico da obstrução nasal é fundamental nos pacientes com más oclusões, principalmente os dolicofaciais. O tratamento da obstrução nasal deve ser precoce, durante a fase de crescimento e, em geral, conjunto ao ortodôntico.
Extração de incisivo inferior: uma opção de tratamento
Authors: Pinto Mardônio Rodrigues , Mottin Leandro Pereira , Derech Carla D'Agostini , Araújo Mônica Tirre de Souza
Published: December 2006

A extração de incisivos inferiores pode ser considerada como opção de tratamento em casos de má oclusão Classe I com apinhamento inferior, principalmente quando é observada desproporção dentária entre a arcada superior e inferior; o que pode ser demonstrado através da análise de Bolton. Essa desproporção dentária, pode ocorrer devido à diminuição da largura dos dentes superiores ou aumento na largura dos dentes inferiores. Neste caso clínico, o tratamento de escolha, com extração de um incisivo inferior, proporcionou terapia rápida, com o mínimo de efeitos colaterais indesejáveis.
Emprego racional da Biomecânica em Ortodontia: "arcos inteligentes"
Authors: Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de , Vieira Giovanni Modesto , Guimarães Jr. Carlos Henrique , Amad Neto Mustapha , Nanda Ravindra
Published: December 2006

A versatilidade biomecânica propiciada pelos "arcos inteligentes" ("smart archwires") permite estratégias para cada tipo de má oclusão, diferenciada por nuances terapêuticas, que por sua vez geram um melhor controle do caso clínico. Os arcos multifuncionais (Arco de intrusão de nitinol CIA® e arco de retração Mushroom Loop®) foram idealizados no intuito de simplificar o atendimento clínico do ortodontista que, municiado de recursos diagnósticos apropriados e sólidos, os utiliza como uma ótima alternativa entre as disponíveis para a resolução dos problemas e expectativas dos pacientes. Com o presente artigo procurou-se demonstrar que os arcos de intrusão de nitinol (CIA®) e o arco de retração Mushroom Loop® são ferramentas poderosas no tratamento de pacientes com extrações dentárias que requerem um controle de ancoragem mais apropriado, bem como uma retração mais eficaz.
Organização da escolaridade em ciclos no Brasil: revisão da literatura e perspectivas para a pesquisa
Authors: Mainardes Jefferson
Published: December 2006

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre a organização da escolaridade em ciclos no Brasil, evidenciando os aspectos que têm sido enfatizados, as limitações e as perspectivas para a pesquisa desse tema. A revisão inclui 147 textos que foram classificados em cinco categorias: (a) discussão de aspectos teóricos referentes à escola em ciclos; (b) geração e formulação de políticas; (c) implementação de políticas; (d) análise de resultados das políticas e impacto no desempenho de alunos; e (e) revisão de literatura. Argumenta-se que a natureza da política e a análise do desenvolvimento de seu discurso são aspectos que têm sido excluídos das pesquisas sobre ciclos. Além disso, argumenta-se que os seguintes aspectos têm sido pouco explorados: (a) a análise da implementação da política na escola e na sala por meio de observações e pesquisa etnográfica; (b) a análise da trajetória das políticas desde sua formulação até a implementação em sala de aula; e (c) pesquisas que incluam a opinião de gestores e formuladores de políticas de escola em ciclos. A conclusão apresenta aspectos que necessitam ser investigados com maior profundidade para se atingir uma compreensão mais clara, ampla e crítica dos ciclos no Brasil.
A construção da solidariedade na escola: as virtudes, a razão e a afetividade
Authors: Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino , Assis Orly Zucatto Mantovani de
Published: December 2006

Discutindo sobre como as pessoas podem construir a solidariedade, baseando-se em pressupostos psicológicos que garantem que tal virtude é construída por cada um na interação com o meio, esta pesquisa aponta um caminho para a formação de sujeitos mais autônomos e solidários: a cooperação como estratégia de conceber a construção das virtudes. Para tal, foram investigados, em comparação, os julgamentos de crianças de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 6 a 7 anos, provenientes de dois tipos de ambientes: A - baseado em relações autoritárias; e B - em relações de cooperação. Utilizou-se da aplicação das provas de diagnóstico do comportamento operatório de Jean Piaget, no intuito de verificar um paralelo entre as estruturas cognitivas e morais dos sujeitos, como também da observação das relações interpessoais e da discussão de dilemas morais, divididos em dois blocos, que atenderam a dois requisitos desta investigação: constatar o julgamento da solidariedade entre pares e na presença da autoridade. Os resultados demonstram a existência de uma evolução na disposição dos sujeitos para serem solidários, ligada a uma perspectiva de vivenciarem experiências significativas de reciprocidade e respeito mútuo, características de um ambiente cooperativo. Tais resultados nos permitem conceber uma "Pedagogia das virtudes", que considere o desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas e dos aspectos afetivos para a construção de personalidades morais.
Educação, justiça e direitos humanos
Authors: Estêvão Carlos Alberto Vilar
Published: December 2006

Neste artigo, o autor reflecte sobre a questão da justiça e dos direitos humanos, tendo presente as exigências da democracia deliberativa, na linha de Habermas e, sobretudo, as propostas de uma democracia comunicativa. Assim e num primeiro momento, o autor problematiza as relações entre democracia, justiça e direitos humanos, dando um particular realce quer às tendências individualistas e mercantilizadas de ver a democracia e os direitos quer às concepções deliberativa e comunicativa da democracia e suas implicações em termos de justiça e direitos humanos. A partir daqui, a reflexão inflecte para o campo da educação, como um outro lugar da justiça, debatendo a questão da justiça escolar e a concepção da escola como organização dialógica e comunicativa, realçando, em linguagem habermasiana, as funcionalidades sistémica e comunicativa que a perpassam. O autor completa esse enquadramento destacando, dentro da ideia de que a escola é um lugar de vários mundos e de justiças, as múltiplas racionalidades mobilizadas pelos actores escolares, a quem compete fazer opções, conscientes de que, quando a racionalidade comunicativa-emancipatória domina sobre outros tipos de racionalidade, a justiça e os direitos se abrem e se universalizam. Finalmente, essa discussão é retomada no último ponto do artigo, mas agora enquadrada nos desafios da globalização entendida em vários sentidos, terminando com a referência, dentro de uma concepção de globalização contra-hegemónica, a uma "democracia cosmopolítica", favorecedora de uma cordialidade solidária e cosmocidadã, apoiada nos direitos humanos.
Teorias econômicas de oferta de educação: evolução histórica, estado atual e perspectivas
Authors: Waltenberg Fábio D.
Published: December 2006

Este artigo preocupa-se com uma faceta particular (o lado da oferta) de uma das duas grandes linhas de pesquisa em economia da educação (aspectos econômicos dos sistemas educacionais). Apresentam-se a evolução histórica, o estado atual do debate e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento das teorias econômicas de oferta de educação, abarcando-se o período compreendido entre o início da década de 1960 e as contribuições mais recentes. Argumenta-se que as teorias tradicionais de economia da educação (capital humano e sinalização) não deram tratamento adequado ao lado da oferta da educação. Mais tarde, os conceitos e o instrumental da microeconomia da firma foram mobilizados a fim de se tentar mapear a "tecnologia de produção de educação". A abordagem das funções de produção de educação, baseadas inicialmente apenas em insumos monetários, não foi suficiente para que se apreendesse toda a complexidade envolvida no processo de provisão de educação. Uma análise de artigos mais recentes revela três caminhos promissores para o desenvolvimento das teorias de oferta de educação: (i) incluir insumos não monetários às funções de produção; (ii) levar em consideração aspectos institucionais e organizacionais do sistema educativo; e (iii) aprimorar as técnicas econométricas de estimação das funções de produção. Por fim, o artigo discute mais detidamente o primeiro desses três caminhos.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease: case report with emphasis on the electroencephalographic features
Authors: Patrícia Coral , Germiniani Francisco M. B. , Silvado Carlos E.
Published: December 2006

Creuzfeldt-Jakob’s Disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that is included among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The clinical features are those of a rapid progressive dementia with mioclonic jerks, which progresses to death in less than one year. We report the case of a 79 years old woman, with initial complaints of vertigo, visual and gait compromise, with an initial brain MRI, EEG and CSF that had no specific features of CJD. After 12 days she was again admitted to the hospital with a worsening of her symptoms, along with global spasticity, inability to walk and a further deterioration of speech and swallowing. A new EEG disclosed periodic triphasic complexes, typical of the disease. CSF had a positive 14-3-3 protein. She later evolved with mioclonic jerks, coma, multiple infectious complications and, ultimately, death 45 days after her second admission. We focus on the role of the EEG as an adjuctive eletrophysiological tool for the presumptive in vivo diagnosis of the disease.
A Figura Complexa de Rey e seu papel na avaliação neuropsicológica
Authors: Jamus Denise Ribas , Mäder Maria Joana
Published: December 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A Figura Complexa de Rey é uma medida de contrução visuo-espacial e memória não verbal utilizada em pesquisas neuropsicológicas, não apenas em epilepsia, mas em diferentes áreas das neurociências. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o uso da Figura Complexa de Rey em pesquisas neuropsicológicas e sua importância para estudos de memória não verbal em epilepsia. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática da literatura publicada através do site BIREME. RESULTADOS: A Figura Complexa de Rey é utilizada em muitos países. O uso deste método não está restrito a neuropsicologia das epilepsias, mas é usado também em diferentes situações clínicas tais como Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo. A Figura de Rey pode ser avaliada tanto quantitativamente e qualitativamente. CONCLUSÕES: O teste da Figura de Rey ainda é bastante utilizado como método de avaliação visuoconstrutiva e memória não verbal.
As fosfatases alcalinas, transaminases e gama-glutamil-transferase séricas em pacientes epilépticos tratados com carbamazepina
Authors: Santos Helder Jacobina , Andrade Filho Antonio de Souza , Sanches Olivia Lordelo , Spolador Tiago , Rodrigues Luís Erlon Araújo
Published: December 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A carbamazepina é a droga utilizada no tratamento de pacientes com epilepsia parcial (ou focal) secundariamente generalizada. Apesar do uso terapêutico, este fármaco tem sido implicado no aumento das atividades séricas de algumas enzimas. Alguns autores descreveram valores de prevalência de 7,7%, 13% e 22% para aumento de atividade das fosfatases alcalinas séricas (FA ou EC 3.1.3.1). A divergência de resultados também foi encontrada para as atividades da gama-glutamil-transferase sérica (gama-glutamil transferase ou GGT ou EC 2.3.2.2). OBJETIVO: Assim, a meta desta pesquisa é determinar, dentre outros objetivos, a freqüência de alterações nas atividades das FA, GGT e transaminases (AST, aspartato-amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.1; e ALT, alanina-amino-transferase, EC 2.6.1.2) de uma amostra de pacientes do ambulatório de epilepsia em Salvador, Bahia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O desenho do estudo é descritivo do tipo série de casos, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética local, no qual uma amostra de conveniência de 52 pacientes epilépticos de acompanhamento ambulatorial foi obtida sem interferência dos pesquisadores. Estes pacientes foram organizados por faixa etária de 12 a 30 e de 31 a 90 anos e, subdivididos por tempo de monoterapia com carbamazepina. As atividades séricas das enzimas GGT, FA, AST e ALT foram determinadas. RESULTADOS: As proporções de alterações por variáveis foram descritas: 42% para as FA, 18% para as GGT, 2% para as ALT e 12% para as AST, respectivamente. A faixa etária de 12 a 30 anos apresentou 56% de alterações nas FA enquanto que aquela de 31 a 90 anos, apenas 18%. CONCLUSÃO: Nós concluímos que as enzimas FA, GGT, AST e ALT apresentaram maiores freqüências de alterações de suas atividades naqueles pacientes com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos, sendo que as FA apresentaram maiores valores.
Importance of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in endodontics
Authors: Leonardo Mario Roberto , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra da , Assed Sada , Nelson-Filho Paulo
Published: December 2006

New knowledge of the structure and biological activity of endotoxins (LPS) has revolutionized concepts concerning their mechanisms of action and forms of inactivation. Since the 1980's, technological advances in microbiological culture and identification have shown that anaerobic microorganisms, especially Gram-negative, predominate in root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and radiographically visible chronic periapical lesions. Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, as also contain endotoxin (LPS) on their cell wall. This is especially important because endotoxin is released during multiplication or bacterial death, causing a series of biological effects that lead to an inflammatory reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues. Thus, due to the role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions, we reviewed the literature concerning the biological activity of endotoxin and the relevance of its inactivation during treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesion.
Clinical, radiographic and histological evaluation of chronic periapical inflammatory lesions
Authors: Lia Raphael Carlos Comelli , Garcia Juliana Máira Q. , Sousa-Neto Manoel D. , Saquy Paulo César , Marins Renata Hebling , Zucollotto Wagner Grandinni
Published: December 2006

The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological aspects of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions. One hundred and sixty-four lesions of human teeth, independent of age, race and sex, were evaluated by clinical, radiographic and histological analyses conducted after surgical endodontic treatment. Our results showed that there was uniformity in the interference factors on the evolution of periapical healing such as the apical biofilm and/or endogenous (cholesterol crystals) or exogenous (extruded endodontic materials that are indigestible or of difficult digestion) foreign bodies and that some cysts are reversible with endodontic treatment. We conclude that it is difficult for the clinician to adjust parameters defining a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory periapical lesions.
A sociodental approach in prosthodontic treatment decision making
Authors: Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Freire Maria do Carmo Matias
Published: December 2006

A critical problem in the decision making process for dental prosthodontic treatment is the lack of reliable clinical parameters. This review discusses the limits of traditional normative treatment and presents guidelines for clinical decision making. There is a need to incorporate a sociodental approach to help determine patient's needs. Adoption of the evidence-based clinical practice model is also needed to assure safe and effective clinical practice in prosthetic dentistry.
Salivary secretion and chewing: stimulatory effects from artificial and natural foods
Authors: Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte , Bilt Andries Van der
Published: December 2006

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the flow rate of saliva and characteristics of the food. Therefore, we determined the rate of saliva secretion in 16 healthy subjects in rest and while chewing natural and artificial foods (toast with and without margarine, three sizes of breakfast cake, and Parafilm). We also determined the chewing rate, number of chewing cycles until swallowing, and time until swallowing. The physical characteristics of the foods were quantified from force-deformation experiments. The results showed that the average at which mechanical failure occurred (yield force) was 1.86 ± 0.24 N for the breakfast cake and 16.3 ± 1.3 N for the melba toast. The flow rates obtained without stimulation and with Parafilm were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the flow rates obtained from chewing food. No differences in flow rate occurred between the natural foods. The flow rates of the saliva as obtained without stimulation, with Parafilm stimulation, and with chewing on the various foods were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in chewing rate among the foods. The number of chewing cycles and the time until swallowing significantly depended on the type or volume of the food.
Bonding ability of adhesive resins to caries-affected and caries-infected dentin
Authors: Yoshiyama Masahiro , Doi Junichi , Nishitani Yoshihiro , Itota Toshiyuku , Tay Franklin R. , Carvalho Ricardo Marins , Pashley David H.
Published: December 2006

Hybridized dentin permits dental treatments that were previously impossible with conventional techniques, opening new frontiers in modern adhesive dentistry. We have investigated the adhesive property of current bonding systems to caries-infected dentin by a microtensile bond strength test (µTBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and suggested that bonding resin could infiltrate into caries-infected dentin partially to embed carious bacteria within hybrid layers. We have named this concept of caries control as modified sealed restoration (MSR). On the other hand, Kuraray Medical Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) has developed an antibacterial adhesive system (ABF, now marketed in USA as Protect Bond). So as to evaluate the effectiveness of ABF on root caries control, we have examine the microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) of ABF to normal versus carious root dentin and the interfacial morphology by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ABF could form the hybrid-like structures by infiltrating into the surfaces of the root carious dentin, and the mean value of µTBS of ABF to root carious dentin was 23.0 MPa. These results suggested that MSR combined with ABF might be an advantageous minimal invasive therapy for root caries.
Influence of storage solution on enamel demineralization submitted to pH cycling
Authors: Moura Juliana Silva , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo , Del Bel Cury Altair Antoninha , Lima Emilena Maria Castor Xisto , Garcia Renata Matheus Cunha Rodrigues
Published: December 2006

Extracted human teeth are frequently used for research or educational purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to store them in disinfectant solutions that do not alter dental structures. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of storage solution on enamel demineralization. For that purpose, sixty samples were divided into the following groups: enamel stored in formaldehyde (F1), stored in thymol (T1), stored in formaldehyde and submitted to pH cycling (F2), stored in thymol and submitted to pH cycling (T2). All samples were evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness analysis and had their percentage of mineral volume versus micrometer (integrated area) determined. Differences between groups were found up to 30-µm depth from the enamel surface (p < 0.05), where samples from group T2 were more demineralized. It was concluded that the storage solution influenced the reaction of a dental substrate to a cariogenic challenge, suggesting that formaldehyde may increase enamel resistance to demineralization, when compared to demineralization occurring in enamel stored in thymol solution.
Clinical evaluation of two types of ceramic inlays and onlays after 6 months
Authors: Santos Maria Jacinta M. Coelho , Francischone Carlos Eduardo , Santos Júnior Gildo Coelho , Bresciani Eduardo , Romanini José Carlos , Saqueto Rosângela , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima
Published: December 2006

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of two types of ceramics: a slurry-powder ceramic (Duceram Plus, Degussa) - D and a hot-pressed leucite-based glass-ceramic (IPS Empress, Ivoclar Vivadent) - IPS. Eighty-six restorations, 44 IPS and 42 D, were made by one operator. A total of 33 onlays and 53 inlays on twenty-seven premolars and 59 molars were cemented in 35 patients of both sexes, mean age 35 years. All restorations were cemented with the dual-resin cement (Variolink, Ivoclar-Vivadent) under rubber dam and were evaluated at the baseline and after six months, using the modified U.S.P.H.S. criteria for postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, fracture, color match, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity and surface texture. Additionally radiographs and intraoral photographs were carried out. At baseline 86 restorations were analyzed and all of them received Alfa rating, except for the following that received Bravo rating for postoperative sensitivity - IPS (2.27%); D (7.14%); for color match - IPS (2.27%); D (2.38%) and for surface texture - IPS (2.27%); D (11.90%). After 6 months 100% of the restorations were analyzed and the following received Bravo rating: color match - IPS (4.55%) and D (9.52%); surface texture - IPS (2.27%) and D (11.9%); marginal discoloration - IPS (6.82%) and D (4.76%) and marginal integrity - IPS (4.55%) and D (7.14%). The results were submitted to the Fisher and McNemar Statistical Tests. No significant differences were noticed between the two ceramics. Both ceramics demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance after six months.
Microleakage at the composite-repair interface: effect of different adhesive systems
Authors: Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega , Lavigne Catarina , Fontes Céres Mendonça , Mathias Paula
Published: December 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage at the composite-repair interface using different bonding systems. Composite resin specimens (Filtek Z250 - 3M-ESPE) were divided into five groups (n=20) according to the following bonding mechanism: C - control - etching with 35% phosphoric acid; SB1 - etching and application of one coat of Single Bond (3M-ESPE); SB2 - etching and application of two coats of Single Bond (3M-ESPE); SMP1 - etching, application of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer (3M-ESPE) followed by the adhesive and, SMP2 - etching, application of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M-ESPE) without the primer. Thereafter, all groups received new resin application. Samples were thermocycled (500 cycles / 5ºC - 55ºC [±2]) and immersed for 4h in 2% methylene blue buffered dye solution (7.0 pH). Three examiners measured the extent of microleakage in a stereoscope microscope, using four representative scores. For all experimental groups, no significant difference in microleakage at the repair was identified by Kruskal-Wallis test (p > 0.05). Therefore, different types of bonding systems presented the same effect on the dye penetration along the repair interface.
Influence of the sealer and a plug in coronal leakage after post space preparation
Authors: Holland Roberto , Murata Sueli Satomi , Silva Monica Nunes da , Dezan Junior Eloi , Souza Valdir de , Bernabé Pedro Felício Estrada
Published: December 2006

The subject of this paper was to conduct an in vitro study of the coronal leakage after root canal filling and post space preparation. One hundred single-rooted human teeth had their crowns removed and the canals prepared and filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and the sealers CRCS and Endofill (a Grossman cement). After post space preparation, the remainder of the filling was protected or not with 1mm of a plug of the following materials: Coltosol, Super Bonder (cyanoacrylate-ester), CRCS and Endofill. After 24 hours in saline, the specimens were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution in a vacuum environment for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned longitudinally, leakage was evaluated linearly and the obtained data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results with the two sealers studied were similar between themselves and worse (p<0.01) than the groups with a protector plug. The statistical analysis ordered the experimental groups from the best to the worst in the following way: a - Endofill-Super Bonder, CRCS-Super Bonder, CRCS-CRCS; b - Endofill-Endofill; c - Endofill-Coltosol, CRCS-Coltosol; d - Endofill, CRCS.
Effect of the disinfection technique on the linear dimensional stability of dental impression materials
Authors: Silva Sávio Marcelo Leite Moreira da , Salvador Milton Carlos Gonçalves
Published: December 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of heavy and light bodied condensation silicones after immersion in disinfectant solution for 10 or 20 minutes. The impression materials were Optosil Comfort and Xantopren VL Plus and the disinfectant solutions were 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde. Impressions were made on a perforated stainless steel tray, according to the American Dental Association specification No. 19, adding up to a total of 50 samples. The double mixing method (one time, two viscosities) was used. Impressions were removed from the roulette block after 7 minutes to ensure complete curing and then immersed in the solutions. Impressions not submitted to treatment composed the control group. After these steps, the impressions were removed from the solution, rinsed in running water and air-dried. Three-dimensional measurements were calculated using an optic microscope graduated at 0.001 mm. The two-way ANOVA indicated no differences (p>0.05) for any combination between variables. The results showed that the solution studied can be safely used to disinfect condensation silicone in clinical prosthodontic procedures.
Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, healthy subjects and children with gingivitis in two cities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Jardim Júnior Elerson Gaetti , Bosco Joseane Maria Dias , Lopes Angélica Marquezim , Landucci Luís Fernando , Jardim Ellen Cristina Gaetti , Carneiro Sílvia Rosana Soares
Published: December 2006

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in 100 patients with chronic periodontitis, 14 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 142 pre-school children with gingivitis and 134 periodontally healthy subjects. Samples of subgingival plaque were taken using sterilized paper points introduced into periodontal pockets or gingival crevice for 60 seconds and inoculated on TSBV agar, which was incubated under anaerobiosis at 37ºC, for 4 days. Microbial identification was performed through biochemical methods and morphocellular and morphocolonial analysis. Aa was detected in 40.3% of healthy subjects, 68% of patients with chronic periodontitis, 92.86% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and 40.14% of children with gingivitis. The rate of recovery of Aa in the tested human groups proved to be higher than previously reported and in agreement with participation of this facultative anaerobe as a member of native microbiota of the periodontium and its relation with aggressive and chronic periodontitis in Brazil.
Antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing Punica granatum Linn extract: a double-blind clinical study in humans
Authors: Salgado Alexandre Daher Yunes , Maia Juliana Lemos , Pereira Sérgio Luís da Silva , Lemos Telma Leda Gomes de , Mota Olívia Morais de Lima
Published: December 2006

OBJECTIVES: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract were evaluated using a 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. METHODS: 23 volunteers participated in this cross-over, double-blind study, carried out in 2 phases of 21 days each. For each period of the experiment, an acrylic toothshield was made for each volunteer to carry the test or placebo gel as well as to avoid brushing of the 4 experimental teeth (posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant). The subjects were randomly assigned to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel (experimental group) and were instructed to brush the remaining teeth normally 3 times a day. On days 0 and 21, the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups for either of the indices (VPI and GBI). CONCLUSION: The gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract was not efficient in preventing supragingival dental plaque formation and gingivitis.
Effect of post-polymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of two denture base acrylic resins
Authors: Jorge Janaina Habib , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Machado Ana Lúcia , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Carlos Iracilda Zeppone
Published: December 2006

INTRODUCTION: Most denture base acrylic resins have polymethylmethacrylate in their composition. Several authors have discussed the polymerization process involved in converting monomer into polymer because adequate polymerization is a crucial factor in optimizing the physical properties and biocompatibility of denture base acrylic resins. To ensure the safety of these materials, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have been developed as preliminary screening tests to evaluate material biocompatibility. ³H-thymidine incorporation test, which measures the number of cells synthesizing DNA, is one of the biological assays suggested for cytotoxicity testing. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate, using ³H-thymidine incorporation test, the effect of microwave and water-bath post-polymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of two denture base acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) of each denture base resin (Lucitone 550 and QC 20) were prepared according to the manufacturers' recommendations and stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 h. The specimens were assigned to 3 groups: 1) post-polymerization in a microwave oven for 3 min at 500 W; 2) post-polymerization in water-bath at 55º C for 60 min; and 3) without post-polymerization. For preparation of eluates, 3 discs were placed into a sterile glass vial with 9 mL of Eagle's medium and incubated at 37ºC for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect of the eluates was evaluated by ³H-thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: The results showed that the components leached from the resins were cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the specimens heat treated in water bath (p<0.05). Compared to the group with no heat treatment, water-bath decreased the cytotoxicity of the denture base acrylic resins. CONCLUSION: The in vitro cytotoxicity of the tested denture base materials was not influenced by microwave post-polymerization heat treatment.
Association of calcium hydroxide and metronidazole in the treatment of dog's teeth with chronic periapical lesion
Authors: Panzarini Sônia Regina , Souza Valdir , Holland Roberto , Dezan Júnior Eloi
Published: December 2006

One of the primary objectives of endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis is the elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system, as effectively as possible, especially in cases with chronic periapical lesions. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of the periapical tissue of dogs' teeth with chronic periapical lesions to endodontic treatment performed with utilization of metronidazole, calcium hydroxide, and an association of both as root canal dressings. METHODOLOGY: Forty root canals were submitted to pulpectomy and the root canals were kept exposed to the oral environment for 6 months. Then, they were submitted to biomechanical preparation and divided into 4 study groups with 10 specimens: group I - no root canal dressing; group II - calcium hydroxide; group III - metronidazole; group IV - calcium hydroxide associated to metronidazole. After 15 days, the root canals were filled with Fill Canal sealer. After 90 days, the animals were killed and the especimens processed for histological analysis. RESULTS: Calcium hydroxide dressing provided a significantly better outcome compared to other experimental groups (alpha = 0.01). Also, the results of the association of metronidazole and calcium hydroxide were similar to those observed for the metronidazole group. The worst results were obtained by the no root canal dressing group. CONCLUSION: The use of metronidazole alone or associated with Calcium hydroxide, did not improve periapical healing when compared to Calcium hydroxide dressing.
Alkylation of ambident indole anion in ionic liquids
Authors: Zicmanis Andris , Vavilina Galina , Drozdova Svetlana , Mekss Peteris , Klavins Maris
Published: December 2006

Alkylation of indole salts in different ionic liquids is reported. Ionic liquids increase the alkylation reaction rate of ambident indole anion and reduce the effects of counter ions and/or additives, the alkylation reaction rates being independent of the presence of small amounts of protic solvents or water.
The immunoregulatory effects of edeine analogues in mice
Authors: Czajgucki Zbigniew , Zimecki Michał , Andruszkiewicz Ryszard
Published: December 2006

The edeines analogs were tested in several in vitro and in vivo assays using the mouse model, with edeine B (peptide W1) and cyclosporine A as reference compounds. The peptides displayed moderate, stimulatory effects on concanavalin A-induced (ConA-induced) splenocyte proliferation, whereas their effects on pokeweed mitogen-induced (PWM-induced) splenocyte proliferation were inhibitory. The peptides inhibited lipopolysacharide-induced (LPS-induced) tumor necrosis factor alpha production but had little effect on interleukin 6 production. In the model of the humoral immune response in vitro to sheep red blood cells, peptide 1 was distinctly stimulatory in the investigated concentrations (1-100 μg/ml), whereas peptides 3 and 4 only stimulated the number of antibody-forming cells at the highest concentration (100 μg/ml). In the model of the delayed type hypersensitivity in vivo to ovalbumin, the peptides were moderately suppressive (3 being the most active). The reference peptide W1 stimulated ConA-induced cell proliferation at 1–10 μg/ml but was inhibitory at 100 μg/ml. It also inhibited PWM-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This peptide had no effect on the humoral immune response in vitro or on cytokine production, but inhibited DTH reaction in vivo. The relationship between structure and activity, and a possible mode of action of the peptides, is discussed in this paper.
N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide levels correlate with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in septic patients
Authors: Piechota Mariusz , Banach Maciej , Irzmański Robert , Misztal Małgorzata , Rysz Jacek , Barylski Marcin , Piechota-Urbańska Magdalena , Kowalski Jan , Pawlicki Lucjan
Published: December 2006

The aim of this study was to find the relationship between N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations in septic patients. This was a prospective study, performed at Medical University Hospital No. 5 in łódź. Twenty patients with sepsis and severe sepsis were included in the study. N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations, and survival were evaluated. In the whole studied group (128 measurements), the mean NT-proBNP, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations were, respectively: 140.80±84.65 pg/ml, 22.32±97.41 ng/ml, 128.51±79.05 mg/l. The correlations for the NT-proBNP level and procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels were 0.3273 (p<0.001) and 0.4134 (p<0.001), respectively. NT-proBNP levels correlate with PCT and CRP levels in septic patients. In the survivor subgroup, the mean NT-proBNP plasma concentrations were significantly lower than in the non-survivor subgroup.