bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia
Authors: Fedorova Sardana A , Reidla Maere , Metspalu Ene , Metspalu Mait , Rootsi Siiri , Tambets Kristiina , Trofimova Natalya , Zhadanov Sergey I , Kashani Baharak Hooshiar , Olivieri Anna , Voevoda Mikhail I , Osipova Ludmila P , Platonov Fedor A , Tomsky Mikhail I , Khusnutdinova Elza K , Torroni Antonio , Villems Richard
Published: June 2013

Background

Sakha – an area connecting South and Northeast Siberia – is significant for understanding the history of peopling of Northeast Eurasia and the Americas. Previous studies have shown a genetic contiguity between Siberia and East Asia and the key role of South Siberia in the colonization of Siberia.

Results

We report the results of a high-resolution phylogenetic analysis of 701 mtDNAs and 318 Y chromosomes from five native populations of Sakha (Yakuts, Evenks, Evens, Yukaghirs and Dolgans) and of the analysis of more than 500,000 autosomal SNPs of 758 individuals from 55 populations, including 40 previously unpublished samples from Siberia. Phylogenetically terminal clades of East Asian mtDNA haplogroups C and D and Y-chromosome haplogroups N1c, N1b and C3, constituting the core of the gene pool of the native populations from Sakha, connect Sakha and South Siberia. Analysis of autosomal SNP data confirms the genetic continuity between Sakha and South Siberia. Maternal lineages D5a2a2, C4a1c, C4a2, C5b1b and the Yakut-specific STR sub-clade of Y-chromosome haplogroup N1c can be linked to a migration of Yakut ancestors, while the paternal lineage C3c was most likely carried to Sakha by the expansion of the Tungusic people. MtDNA haplogroups Z1a1b and Z1a3, present in Yukaghirs, Evens and Dolgans, show traces of different and probably more ancient migration(s). Analysis of both haploid loci and autosomal SNP data revealed only minor genetic components shared between Sakha and the extreme Northeast Siberia. Although the major part of West Eurasian maternal and paternal lineages in Sakha could originate from recent admixture with East Europeans, mtDNA haplogroups H8, H20a and HV1a1a, as well as Y-chromosome haplogroup J, more probably reflect an ancient gene flow from West Eurasia through Central Asia and South Siberia.

Conclusions

Our high-resolution phylogenetic dissection of mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups as well as analysis of autosomal SNP data suggests that Sakha was colonized by repeated expansions from South Siberia with minor gene flow from the Lower Amur/Southern Okhotsk region and/or Kamchatka. The minor West Eurasian component in Sakha attests to both recent and ongoing admixture with East Europeans and an ancient gene flow from West Eurasia.
Secular trends of salted fish consumption and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-jurisdiction ecological study in 8 regions from 3 continents
Authors: Lau Hiu-Ying , Leung Chit-Ming , Chan Yap-Hang , Lee Anne Wing-Mui , Kwong Dora Lai-Wan , Lung Maria Li , Lam Tai-Hing
Published: June 2013

Background

Despite salted fish being a classical risk factor of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), whether secular trends in salted fish consumption worldwide accounted for changes in NPC rates were unknown. The relationship between vegetable and cigarette consumption to NPC risk worldwide were also largely uncertain. We investigated the longitudinal trends in standardised NPC incidence/mortality rates across 8 regions and their associations with secular trends in salted fish, vegetable and tobacco consumptions.

Methods

Age standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC were obtained from the WHO cancer mortality database and Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Per capita consumption of salted fish, tobacco and vegetables in Hong Kong and 7 countries (China, Finland, Japan, Portugal, Singapore, United Kingdom and United States) were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) and Hong Kong Trade and Census Statistics. Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis were performed to examine both crude and adjusted associations.

Results

There were markedly decreasing trends of NPC ASIR and ASMR in Hong Kong over the past three decades, which were correlated with corresponding secular changes in salted fish consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years : ASIR = 0.729 (male), 0.674 (female); ASMR = 0.943 (male), 0.622 (female), all p < 0.05 except for female ASMR). However such associations no longer correlated with adjustments for decreasing tobacco and increasing vegetable consumption per capita (Pearson r for 10 cumulative years: ASIR = 2.007 (male), 0.339 (female), ASMR = 0.289 (male), 1.992 (female), all p > 0.05). However, there were no clear or consistent patterns in relations between NPC ASIR and ASMR with salted fish consumption across 7 regions in 3 continents.

Conclusions

Our results do not support the notion that changes in salted fish consumption had played an important role in explaining secular trends of NPC rates in Hong Kong and worldwide. Further studies should explore other lifestyle and genetic factors. However, our findings do support the potentially protective effects of vegetable consumption against NPC.
Radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo in the treatment of high grade glioma patients: results from a randomized, double blind trial
Authors: Solomón Maria Teresa , Selva Julio César , Figueredo Javier , Vaquer José , Toledo Carolina , Quintanal Nelson , Salva Silvia , Domíngez Rafael , Alert José , Marinello Jorge Juan , Catalá Mauricio , Griego Martha González , Martell Juan Antonio , Luaces Patricia Lorenzo , Ballesteros Javier , de-Castro Niurys , Bach Ferdinand , Crombet Tania
Published: June 2013

Background

The prognosis of patients bearing high grade glioma remains dismal. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is well validated as a primary contributor of glioma initiation and progression. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the EGFR extracellular domain and reaches Central Nervous System tumors, in nonclinical and clinical setting. While it has similar activity when compared to other anti-EGFR antibodies, it does not induce skin toxicity or hypomagnesemia.

Methods

A randomized, double blind, multicentric clinical trial was conducted in high grade glioma patients (41 anaplastic astrocytoma and 29 glioblastoma multiforme) that received radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo. Treatment and placebo groups were well-balanced for the most important prognostic variables. Patients received 6 weekly doses of 200 mg nimotuzumab or placebo together with irradiation as induction therapy. Maintenance treatment was given for 1 year with subsequent doses administered every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to assess the comparative overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, immunogenicity and safety.

Results

The median cumulative dose was 3200 mg of nimotuzumab given over a median number of 16 doses. The combination of nimotuzumab and RT was well-tolerated. The most prevalent related adverse reactions included nausea, fever, tremors, anorexia and hepatic test alteration. No anti-idiotypic response was detected, confirming the antibody low immunogenicity. The mean and median survival time for subjects treated with nimotuzumab was 31.06 and 17.76 vs. 21.07 and 12.63 months for the control group.

Conclusions

In this randomized trial, nimotuzumab showed an excellent safety profile and significant survival benefit in combination with irradiation.

Trial registration

Cuban National Register for clinical trials (No. 1745) (http://registroclinico.sld.cu/ensayos).
Effects of cord pretension and stiffness of the Dynesys system spacer on the biomechanics of spinal decompression- a finite element study
Authors: Shih Shih-Liang , Liu Chien-Lin , Huang Li-Ying , Huang Chang-Hung , Chen Chen-Sheng
Published: June 2013

Background

The Dynesys system provides stability for destabilized spines while preserving segmental motion. However, clinical studies have demonstrated that the Dynesys system does not prevent adjacent segment disease. Moreover, biomechanical studies have revealed that the stiffness of the Dynesys system is comparable to rigid fixation. Our previous studies showed that adjusting the cord pretension of the Dynesys system alleviates stress on the adjacent level during flexion. We also demonstrated that altering the stiffness of Dynesys system spacers can alleviate stress on the adjacent level during extension of the intact spine. In the present study, we hypothesized that omitting the cord preload and changing the stiffness of the Dynesys system spacers would abate stress shielding on adjacent spinal segments.

Methods

Finite element models were developed for - intact spine (INT), facetectomy and laminectomy at L3-4 (DEC), intact spine with Dynesys system (IntDyWL), decompressed spine with Dynesys system (DecDyWL), decompressed spine with Dynesys system without cord preload (DecDyNL), and decompressed spine with Dynesys system assembled using spacers that were 0.8 times the standard diameter without cord pretension (DecDyNL0.8). These models were subjected to hybrid control for flexion, extension, axial rotation; and lateral bending.

Results

The greatest decreases in range of motion (ROM) at the L3-4 level occurred for axial rotation and lateral bending in the IntDyWL model and for flexion and extension in the DecDyWL model. The greatest decreases in disc stress occurred for extension and lateral bending in the IntDyWL model and for flexion in the DecDyWL model. The greatest decreases in facet contact force occurred for extension and lateral bending in the DecDyNL model and for axial rotation in the DecDyWL model. The greatest increases in ROMs at L2-3 level occurred for flexion, axial rotation and lateral bending in IntDyWL model and for extension in the DecDyNL model. The greatest increases in disc stress occurred for flexion, axial rotation and lateral bending in the IntDyWL model and for extension in the DecDyNL model. The greatest increases in facet contact force occurred for extension and lateral bending in the DecDyNL model and for axial rotation in the IntDyWL model.

Conclusions

The results reveals that removing the Dynesys system cord pretension attenuates the ROMs, disc stress, and facet joint contact forces at adjacent levels during flexion and axial rotation. Removing cord pretension together with softening spacers abates stress shielding for adjacent segment during four different moments, and it provides enough security while not jeopardizes the stability of spine during axial rotation.
Clinicopathological features and CCT2 and PDIA2 expression in gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and gallbladder adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zou Qiong , Yang Zhu-lin , Yuan Yuan , Li Jing-he , Liang Lu-feng , Zeng Gui-xiang , Chen Sen-lin
Published: June 2013

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a relatively uncommon carcinoma among gastrointestinal cancers and usually has a rather poor prognosis. The most common subtype of GBC is adenocarcinoma (AC), which accounts for about 90% of GBC. Squamous carcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) are comparatively rare histopathological subtypes of GBC. The clinicopathological features and biological behaviors of SC/ASC have not been well-characterized. No molecular biomarkers are currently available for predicting the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of the SC/ASC subtype of GBC.

Methods

We examined the expression levels of CCT2 and PDIA3 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in human GBC tissue samples collected from 46 patients with SC/ASC and evaluated the clinicopathological significance of both CCT2 and PDIA3 expression in the SC/ASC subtypes of GBC by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. For comparison, we included specimens from 80 AC patients in our study to investigate the specificity of CCT2 and PDIA3 expression in GBC subtypes.

Results

We found that the positive expression of CCT2 and PDIA3 was significantly associated with clinicopathological features of both SC/ASC and AC specimens, including high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis revealed that the two-year survival rate was significantly lower for patients with positive expression of CCT2 and PDIA3 than for those with negative expression. Multivariate analysis also indicated that the positive expression of CCT2 and PDIA3 was negatively correlated with poor postoperative patient survival and positively correlated with high mortality.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that positive expression of CCT2 or PDIA3 is associated with tumor progression and the clinical behavior of gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, CCT2 and PDIA3 could be potentially important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for both SC/ASC and AC subtypes of GBC.
Transition from ripples to faceted structures under low-energy argon ion bombardment of silicon: understanding the role of shadowing and sputtering
Authors: Basu Tanmoy , Datta Debi Prasad , Som Tapobrata
Published: June 2013

In this study, we have investigated temporal evolution of silicon surface topography under 500-eV argon ion bombardment for two angles of incidence, namely 70° and 72.5°. For both angles, parallel-mode ripples are observed at low fluences (up to 2 × 1017 ions cm-2) which undergo a transition to faceted structures at a higher fluence of 5 × 1017 ions cm-2. Facet coarsening takes place at further higher fluences. This transition from ripples to faceted structures is attributed to the shadowing effect due to a height difference between peaks and valleys of the ripples. The observed facet coarsening is attributed to a mechanism based on reflection of primary ions from the facets. In addition, the role of sputtering is investigated (for both the angles) by computing the fractional change in sputtering yield and the evolution of surface roughness.

PACS

81.05.Cy, 81.16.Rf, 61.80.Jh, 87.64.Dz
Comparison of the effectiveness of antibody and cell-mediated immunity against inhaled and instilled influenza virus challenge
Authors: Rivers Katie , Bowen Larry E , Gao Jin , Yang Kevin , Trombley John E , Bohannon J Kyle , Eichelberger Maryna C
Published: June 2013

Background

To evaluate immunity against influenza, mouse challenge studies are typically performed by intranasal instillation of a virus suspension to anesthetized animals. This results in an unnatural environment in the lower respiratory tract during infection, and therefore there is some concern that immune mechanisms identified in this model may not reflect those that protect against infectious virus particles delivered directly to the lower respiratory tract as an aerosol.

Method

To evaluate differences in protection against instilled and inhaled virus, mice were immunized with influenza antigens known to induce antibody or cell-mediated responses and then challenged with 100 LD50A/PR/8/34 (PR8) in the form of aerosol (inhaled) or liquid suspension (instilled).

Results

Mice immunized with recombinant adenovirus (Ad) expressing hemagglutinin were protected against weight loss and death in both challenge models, however immunization with Ad expressing nucleoprotein of influenza A (NPA) or M2 resulted in greater protection against inhaled aerosolized virus than virus instilled in liquid suspension. Ad-M2, but not Ad-NPA-immunized mice were protected against a lower instillation challenge dose.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate differences in protection that are dependent on challenge method, and suggest that cell-mediated immunity may be more accurately demonstrated in mouse inhalation studies. Furthermore, the data suggest immune mechanisms generally characterized as incomplete or weak in mouse models using liquid intranasal challenge may offer greater immunity against influenza infection than previously thought.
Acute EBV infection masquerading as "In-situ Follicular Lymphoma": a pitfall in the differential diagnosis of this entity
Authors: Gru Alejandro A , Kreisel Friederike , Duncavage Eric , Nguyen TuDung T , Hassan Anjum , Frater John L
Published: June 2013

We present the case of a 30 year-old man who was referred for evaluation of diffuse lymphadenopathy. Six weeks prior, he noticed darkening of his urine associated with pale stools, nausea and an eventual 30 lb weight loss within a month. The initial laboratory findings showed elevation of the liver enzymes. A CT scan showed mesenteric and periaortic lymphadenopathy with the largest lymph node measuring 2.8 cm. Other laboratory results were otherwise unremarkable (including a normal LDH) with the exception of positive serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated antigens (IgM+ and IgG+). An excisional biopsy of 4 of the small neck lymph nodes showed a normal architecture with prominent follicles and an intact capsule. But, by immunohistochemistry two of the follicles showed aberrant coexpression of BCL-2, in addition to CD10 and BCL-6. In-situ hybridization for early Epstein-Barr virus mRNA (EBER) and immunohistochemistry for latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) stained both scattered positive cells, as well as BCL-2 positive B-cells. Although an original diagnosis of in-situ follicular lymphoma was favored at an outside facility, additional interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for t(14;18);(IGH-BCL2) rearrangement (performed on the BCL-2 + follicles microdissected from the tissue block; Abott probe dual colour fusion) and molecular studies (IGH gene rearrangement by PCR, also performed on the microdissected follicles) were negative. Serologic studies (positive EBV antibodies) and immunostains in conjunction with the molecular studies confirmed the reactive nature of the changes. Our case also shows direct immunopathogenic evidence of BCL-2 expression among the EBV-infected cells, which has to our knowledge not been previously documented in vivo. A diagnosis of EBV infection should, therefore, be considered when confronted with BCL-2 expression in germinal centers, particularly in younger individuals, as the diagnosis of FLIS may lead to extensive and invasive haematologic work-ups.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1323656318940068
Combined aberrant expression of E-cadherin and S100A4, but not β-catenin is associated with disease-free survival and overall survival in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Lee Sang-Jeon , Choi Song Yi , Kim Wun-Jae , Ji Meiying , Lee Taek-Gu , Son Bo-Ra , Yoon Soon Man , Sung Rohyun , Lee Eun Jeoung , Youn Sei Jin , Park Seon Mee
Published: June 2013

Background/Aims

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers is related to metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. We evaluated whether EMT-related proteins can act as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods

We evaluated the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and S100A4 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 333 CRC tissues from the tumor center and invasive margin. Tumor budding, cell grade, tumor stage, type of tumor growth, peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration (TLI), and perineural- or lymphovascular invasion were evaluated as pathological parameters. mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and S100A4 from 68 specimens from the same set were analyzed by real time quantitative RT-PCR.

Results

Loss of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin, and gain of S100A4 were higher in the invasive margin than in the tumor center. Loss of E-cadherin was associated with cell grade, macroscopic type, perineural invasion, and tumor budding, β-catenin with microsatellite instability and tumor site, and S100A4 with growth type, macroscopic type, AJCC stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. The aberrant expression of E-cadherin and S100A4 not β-catenin in the invasive margin was a significant and independent risk factor for disease-free and overall-survival by multivariate analysis, along with AJCC stage and perineural invasion. mRNA levels of β-catenin and S100A4 were correlated with the IHC findings at the tumor invasive margin. E-cadherin and N-cadherin showed a weak inverse correlation.

Conclusions

The combination of loss of E-cadherin and gain of S100A4 in the tumor invasive margin can be used to stratify patients with the same AJCC stage into different survival groups.

Virtual slides

The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9398289629244673
Sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells share a common progenitor in the neural crest in vivo
Authors: Shtukmaster Stella , Schier Marie Catherine , Huber Katrin , Krispin Shlomo , Kalcheim Chaya , Unsicker Klaus
Published: June 2013

Background

The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic structure unique to vertebrates, which generates peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons, glia, neuroendocrine chromaffin and thyroid C-cells, melanocytes, and mesenchymal derivatives such as parts of the skull, heart, and meninges. The sympathoadrenal (SA) cell lineage is one major sub-lineage of the NC that gives rise to sympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells, and the intermediate small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. A key question is when during NC ontogeny do multipotent progenitors segregate into the different NC-derived lineages. Recent evidence suggested that sympathetic, sensory, and melanocyte progenitors delaminate from the thoracic neural tube (NT) in successive, largely non-overlapping waves and that at least certain NC progenitors are already fate-restricted within the NT. Whether sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells, suggested by cell culture studies to share a common progenitor, are also fate segregated in ovo prior to emigration, is not known.

Results

We have conducted single cell electroporations of a GFP-encoding plasmid into the dorsal midline of E2 chick NTs at the adrenomedullary level of the NC. Analysis of their derivatives, performed at E6, revealed that in most cases, labelled progeny was detected in both sympathetic ganglia and adrenal glands, where cells co-expressed characteristic marker combinations.

Conclusions

Our results show that sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells share a common progenitor in the NT. Together with previous findings we suggest that phenotypic diversification of these sublineages is likely to occur after delamination from the NT and prior to target encounter.
Constructing higher-order miRNA-mRNA interaction networks in prostate cancer via hypergraph-based learning
Authors: Kim Soo-Jin , Ha Jung-Woo , Zhang Byoung-Tak
Published: June 2013

Background

Dysregulation of genetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs has been widely shown to be associated with cancer progression and development. In particular, miRNAs and mRNAs cooperate to affect biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The complexity of miRNA-mRNA interactions presents a major barrier to identifying their co-regulatory roles and functional effects. Thus, by computationally modeling these complex relationships, it may be possible to infer the gene interaction networks underlying complicated biological processes.

Results

We propose a data-driven, hypergraph structural method for constructing higher-order miRNA-mRNA interaction networks from cancer genomic profiles. The proposed model explicitly characterizes higher-order relationships among genetic factors, from which cooperative gene activities in biological processes may be identified. The proposed model is learned by iteration of structure and parameter learning. The structure learning efficiently constructs a hypergraph structure by generating putative hyperedges representing complex miRNA-mRNA modules. It adopts an evolutionary method based on information-theoretic criteria. In the parameter learning phase, the constructed hypergraph is refined by updating the hyperedge weights using the gradient descent method. From the model, we produce biologically relevant higher-order interaction networks showing the properties of primary and metastatic prostate cancer, as candidates of potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits.

Conclusions

Our approach focuses on potential cancer-specific interactions reflecting higher-order relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs from expression profiles. The constructed miRNA-mRNA interaction networks show oncogenic or tumor suppression characteristics, which are known to be directly associated with prostate cancer progression. Therefore, the hypergraph-based model can assist hypothesis formulation for the molecular pathogenesis of cancer.
Spectral characteristics of postural sway in diabetic neuropathy patients participating in balance training
Authors: Salsabili Hoda , Bahrpeyma Farid , Esteki Ali , Karimzadeh Mansureh , Ghomashchi Hamed
Published: June 2013

Background

The aim of the present study is to have a detailed frequency analysis about the effect of balance training with respect to reactive movement strategies and sensory strategies in type 2 diabetic neuropathy (DN) patients. Also understand changes in the role of each postural subsystem for controlling quiet standing after balance training.

Methods

A group of 19 patients were included in the quasi experimental, time- series study. Total frequency power, 99% power frequency, centroidal frequency and frequency spectrum in the intervals between 0.01-0.1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-1 Hz and 1-3 Hz are reported. The training protocol consisted two patterns of limits of stability trainings, three approaches in weight shifting trainings and one stable standing practice on the biodex stability system. Results: Repeated measure ANOVA analysis and the LSD test indicated significant differences for the eyes open ML- frequency power and ML-FFT sway power within low-medium (0.1-0.5 HZ) frequencies.

Conclusions

Decrease in postural sway at low-medium frequencies showed lower reliance on vestibular system. Also, better controlling hip muscles after balance training relieve DN patients’ requirement to more exploratory sway as a compensatory strategy and showed better balance performance after balance training in DN patients.

Trial registration

UMIN-CTR Search Clinical Trials: UMIN000004485.
αvβ3 integrin-mediated adhesion is regulated through an AAK1L- and EHD3-dependent rapid recycling pathway
Authors: Waxmonsky Nicole C. , Conner Sean D.
Published: June 2013

Protein transport through the endosome is critical for maintaining proper integrin cell surface integrin distribution to support cell adhesion, motility, and viability. Here we employ a live-cell imaging approach to evaluate the relationship between integrin function and transport through the early endosome. We discovered that two early endosome factors, AAK1L and EHD3 are critical for αvβ3 integrin-mediated cell adhesion in HeLa cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of either factor delays short-loop β3 integrin recycling from the early endosome back to the cell surface. TIRF-based colocalization analysis reveals that β3 integrin transits AAK1L- and EHD3-positive endosomes near the cell surface, a subcellular location consistent with a rapid-recycling role for both factors. Moreover, structure-function analysis reveals that AAK1L kinase activity, as well as its carboxy-terminal domain, is essential for cell adhesion maintenance. Taken together, these data reveal an important role for AAK1L and EHD3 in maintaining cell viability and adhesion by promoting αvβ3 integrin rapid-recycling from the early endosome.
The phosphorylation of ARPP19 by Greatwall renders the autoamplification of MPF independent of PKA in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Dupré Aude , Buffin Eulalie , Roustan Chloé , Nairn Angus C. , Jessus Catherine , Haccard Olivier
Published: June 2013

Entry into mitosis or meiosis relies on the coordinated action of kinases and phosphatases that ultimately leads to the activation of Cyclin B-Cdk1, also called MPF for M-phase promoting factor. Vertebrate oocytes are blocked in prophase of the first meiotic division, an arrest tightly controlled by a high PKA activity. Reentry into meiosis depends on Cdk1 activation that obeys a two steps mechanism: a catalytic amount of Cdk1 is generated in a PKA and protein synthesis-dependent manner; then a regulatory network called MPF auto-amplification loop is initiated. This second step is independent of PKA and protein synthesis. However, none of the molecular components of the auto-amplification loop identified so far acts independently of PKA. Therefore, the protein rendering this process independent of PKA in oocytes remains unknown. Using a physiological intact cell system, the Xenopus oocyte, we show that the phosphorylation of ARPP19 at S67 by the Greatwall kinase promotes its binding to the PP2A-B55 δ phosphatase, thus inhibiting its activity. This process is controlled by Cdk1 and plays an essential role within the Cdk1 auto-amplification loop for entry into the first meiotic division. Moreover, once phosphorylated by Greatwall, ARPP19 escapes the negative regulation exerted by PKA. It also promotes MPF activation independently of protein synthesis, provided a small amount of Mos is present. Taken together, these findings reveal that PP2A-B55δ, Greatwall and ARPP19 are not only required for entry into meiotic divisions, but are also pivotal effectors within the Cdk1 auto-regulatory loop responsible for its independence toward PKA negative control.
Rapid Synthesis of LiFePO4 by Coprecipitation
Authors: Huang Chaochao , Ai Desheng , Wang Li , He Xiangming
Published: June 2013

LiFePO4 nanoplates with an average thickness of less than 50 nm are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation in ethylene glycol solution at 180 °C. The evolution of the product species and intensity distribution of XRD patterns during coprecipitation are investigated to verify the formation and growth of the LiFePO4 nanoplates. The results indicate that the time for the formation of LiFePO4 nanoplates with high crystallinity is only 20 min. It is found that the feeding sequence has an important influence on LiFePO4 crystal growth and is useful for the tuning of crystal orientation and particle size.
Photocrosslinking of Fullerene Vesicles that Prevents Phase Transition and Decreases Water Permeation
Authors: Harano Koji , Narita Akimitsu , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: June 2013

A bilayer vesicle made of pentasubstituted [60]fullerene anions was photocrosslinked under aerobic conditions. The crosslinked bilayer became watertight because the crosslinking suppressed the phase transition of the bilayer, reduced the mobility of the fullerene molecules, and hence, reduced the speed of water permeation through the bilayer.
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Masonry Towers by Adopting the Damage Plasticity Constitutive Model
Authors: Resta Marco , Fiore Alessandra , Monaco Pietro
Published: June 2013

In this paper the damage plasticity constitutive model, generally used for concrete and other quasi-brittle materials, is adopted for masonry. Constitutive parameters are calibrated by adopting a curve-fitting procedure, on the basis of experimental data available in literature. The damage plasticity constitutive law is adopted in four finite element modelling approaches, characterized by different levels of complexity and simplification. Numerical simulations concern an old masonry tower characterized by a complex geometry, with an helicoidal staircase and multi-leaf walls. The implementation of four different modelling strategies, based on the use of 3D solid or shell finite elements, allows to identify the most efficient one in terms of demand on time and computational costs. For each model eigenvalue, self-weight and non-linear static analyses are carried out, in order to assess both the static and seismic behaviour of the structure.
Elastic Buckling Strengths of Unbraced Steel Frames Subjected to Variable Loadings
Authors: Zhuang Y. , Xu L.
Published: June 2013

The problem of determining the elastic buckling strengths of unbraced steel frames subjected to variable loadings can be expressed as a pair of maximization and minimization problems with stability constraints based on the concept of storey-based buckling which accounts for the lateral stiffness interaction among columns in a storey while resisting applied loads. The maximization and minimization problems can be solved by either linear programming method or nonlinear programming method depends on whether an approximation on the column stiffness being applied or not. Compared with the nonlinear programming method, the linear programming method based on Taylor series approximation on column stiffness is considerably simpler and more suitable for engineering practice but the frame buckling strengths may be overestimated in some cases, which may result in unconservative designs. In this study, a secant approximation of the column stiffness is introduced. Then, a modified linear programming method based on the secant approximation is proposed. Four unbraced steel frames are investigated to illustrate that the linear programming method in light of the secant approximation can yield conservative results and maintain simplicity.
Moving from Knowledge to Action: A Qualitative Study of Elite Coaches' Capacity for Early Intervention in Cases of Eating Disorders
Authors: Nowicka Paulina , Eli Karin , Ng Janet , Apitzsch Erwin , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn
Published: June 2013

This study investigates elite coaches' attitudes toward eating disorders (ED), knowledge about ED, and early intervention skills when confronted with possible ED in their female athletes. We interviewed 18 coaches in Sweden responsible for athletes representing national teams in the three sports categories most at risk for ED: Aesthetic, weight class, and endurance. The interviews revealed that, although most coaches knew athletes with ED, they did not perceive ED as a problem in their sport. The majority of coaches cited difficulties in identifying ED symptoms, especially symptoms associated with bulimia nervosa. Coaches also described several barriers in approaching the athletes, including the athletes' denial of ED, lack of female colleagues on the team and the lack of easily accessible resources for treatment referral on both the national sports federation and the club levels. This study reveals that elite coaches have insufficient capacity to identify ED and conduct early intervention, resulting in delayed treatment.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Formal Coach Education: Evidence of a Parallel Process
Authors: Vella Stewart A. , Crowe Trevor P. , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to use the results of an exploratory case study to discuss the design and delivery of formal coach education pathways. Nine coaches completed qualitative and quantitative feedback on a formal transformational leadership training program. The theme that was consistently being presented by coaches was the need for learning to be situated within practical demonstrations and discussions where the coach learner and coach educator work collaboratively to facilitate understanding of the applications of program content to coaching practice. These results have been discussed in the light of the parallel processes that are evident in coach education. The relationship dynamics between athlete and coach are paralleled in the relationship between coach learner and coach educator. Formalising the parallel process in coach education is put forward as a conceptually sound approach to facilitate reflection in coaching practitioners through the use of practical demonstrations.
Modeling the Confinement and Prestress Effects on Dynamic Failure of Ceramic Deep Beam
Authors: Ma Guowei , Wang Fang
Published: June 2013

The present study performs numerical experiments to investigate the confinement and prestress effects on the dynamic failure of a ceramic deep beam. Johnson-Holmquist ceramic model (JH-2) is implemented into LS-DYNA through its user subroutines. The implementation and the effectiveness of the model are validated by a single element compression test and available plate impact test results. Failure of ceramics is isolated into two modes, i.e. tension induced cracking and compression generated crushing. Three different setups, i.e. bare ceramic beam, the beam with lateral constraints, and the beam with lateral constraints and a 100 MPa pre-applied pressure are considered in the numerical experiments. The results show that, in lower velocity impact, few tension induced cracks connecting the impactor head and the supports happened on the specimen, minor crush zone is found around the supports. Under higher velocity impact, however, a relative larger crush zone is also observed near the impact head, spreading tension cracks occurred in a triangular zone on the specimen.

The lateral confinement affects the tension induced failure under both lower velocity and higher velocity impacts. The pre-applied pressure has only minor effect on the failure of the deep beam in low velocity impact. In higher velocity impact, however, the pre-applied stress may change the distribution profile of the tensile cracks. Both pre-stress and the lateral constraints have negligible effect on the compression crush happened near the impactor head in the higher velocity impacts.

The dynamic failure patterns of the ceramic deep beam and the confinement and prestress effects are demonstrated clearly in the present study. Energy transformation mechanism during the impacts is briefly discussed.
Perceptions of effective leadership in music facilitators working with older people
Authors: Hallam Susan , Creech Andrea , McQueen Hilary , Varvarigou Maria
Published: June 2013

Although there is now an accepted need for initiatives that support older people’s well-being, little attention has been paid to what constitutes effective leadership of such activities. This research explored perceptions of effective leaders of musical activities with older people. Three case study sites engaged with the research that drew on the views of participants, music leaders and stakeholders in the field through the use of questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group interviews and group work in a consultative conference. Overall, being a ‘good leader’ was thought to involve being knowledgeable, patient, positive, enthusiastic and having a sense of humour in order to create a relaxing atmosphere. Participants indicated that successful facilitators responded to their needs, motivated them and encouraged them to continue participating in the activities through supportive feedback, good pacing of the sessions and focused attention. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications.
Agency or dependency?: The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training project for young people with disabilities
Authors: Winter-Palmer Brenda
Published: June 2013

This article provides a reflection on my past practice as Creative Director of The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training Programme. Drawing upon discourses of Disability Studies it considers how this ostensibly emancipatory project that sought to provide access to theatre activity for young people with physical disabilities living in Northern Ireland was flawed, and was eventually disbanded, partly due to a failure on the part of its non-disabled leadership to address imbalances of power in its relationship with its young disabled constituency. The article is framed within a survey of recent debates that focus upon the historical lack of a sustained, indigenous, disability-led theatre activity in Northern Ireland and the recent efforts by non-disabled professional arts practitioners to establish such activity in the region. It offers, as an exemplar to current discussion, an analysis of how the choice and agency of the young members of The Mixed Peppers were compromised by the well-meaning but potentially oppressive practices of its leadership. It questions whether the project was unduly influenced by parental desire to see their disabled children ‘normalized’ in a high-profile theatrical production. Finally, it considers how The Mixed Peppers’ institutional situation, as a project controlled and administered by a disability charity, was implicated in the premature demise of the initiative.
Health-risk behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among students from different environmental and cultural backgrounds
Authors: Korn Liat , Billig Miriam
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in health-risk behavior patterns and lifestyles between students residing in the city of Ariel and those residing in communal settlements within the Ariel region. Our research rational is that significant differences can be found between these two groups regarding environmental, cultural and behavioral conditions, which promote healthy or risky lifestyles.

This cross-sectional study is based on an anonymous structured self-reported questionnaire that deals with topics of health, welfare and health-risk behaviors, completed by over 1500 undergraduate students.

The findings indicate meaningful and significant differences between the groups, both in their socio-demographic levels and in their health and risk behaviors. Students residing in Ariel maintained a better lifestyle, which included a sensible diet and physical activity routine, compared with students from communal settlements and those who reside in other areas of the country.

The findings indicate that cultural differences play a decisive role in predicting health and risk behaviors, more so than the residential area itself.
Education Reforms in Nigeria: How Responsive is the Nursing Profession?
Authors: Ayandiran Emmanuel Olufemi , Irinoye Omolola Oladunni , Olayiwola Faronbi Joel , Mtshali Ntombi G.
Published: June 2013

Education in the twenty-first century and educational reforms are subjects of interest and discourse worldwide because of the link between education and development. What appears not to have been fully explored in the Nigerian context is the responsiveness of various professions, especially nursing, to the consistently changing educational system. Yet innovative advances in health care system in the twenty-first century demands that Nursing as a profession should prepare practitioners who are well equipped to meet the challenges of care within the context of a complex milieu. This paper, therefore, examines the Nigeria educational system, its reforms and current status of nursing education in Nigeria. Some of the challenges in the emergence of professional nursing in Nigeria and the progress made so far to advance professional as well as university education for nurses are articulated with propositions of possibilities and the gains for the Nigeria nation.
Collaborative Learning Using Nursing Student Dyads in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Austria Mary Jean , Baraki Katie , Doig Alexa K.
Published: June 2013

Formal pairing of student nurses to work collaboratively on one patient assignment is a strategy for improving the quality and efficiency of clinical instruction while better utilizing the limited resources at clinical agencies. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the student nurse and patient experiences of collaborative learning when peer dyads are used in clinical nursing education. Interviews were conducted with 11 students and 9 patients. Students described the process of collaborative learning as information sharing, cross-checking when making clinical decisions, and group processing when assessing the outcomes of nursing interventions. Positive outcomes reported by students and patients included reduced student anxiety, increased confidence and task efficiency. Students’ primary concern was reduced opportunity to perform hands-on skills which had to be negotiated within each dyad. Meeting the present and future challenges of educating nurses will require innovative models of clinical instruction such as collaborative learning using student peer dyads.
Critical Service Learning in Community Health Nursing: Enhancing Access to Cardiac Health Screening
Authors: Gillis Angela , Mac Lellan Marian A.
Published: June 2013

Critical service learning (CSL) offers promise for preparing community health nursing students to be advocates for social justice and social change. The purpose of this article is to describe a community based CSL project designed to provide cardiac health screening to an underserviced population, wherein nursing’s role in social justice is integrated into nursing practice. First, the relationship between social justice and CSL is explored. Then, the CSL approach is examined and differentiated from the traditional service learning models frequently observed in the nursing curriculum. The CSL project is described and the learning requisites, objectives, requirements, and project outcomes are outlined. While not a panacea for system reform, CSL offers nursing students avenues for learning about social justice and understanding the social conditions that underlie health inequalities. Nurse educators may benefit from the new strategies for incorporating social justice into nursing curriculum; this paper suggests that CSL offers one possibility.
Arts-Based Learning: Analysis of the Concept for Nursing Education
Authors: Rieger Kendra L. , Chernomas Wanda M.
Published: June 2013

Teaching and learning strategies are needed to support learner-centered curricula, and prepare nurses who are capable of working in today’s challenging health care environments. Although the traditional lecture is still widely used in nursing education, innovative approaches are needed to encourage discussion, debate, and critical reflection, activities that support lifelong learning. Arts-based learning [ABL] is a creative strategy with the potential to engage learners, foster understanding of multiple perspectives, and simultaneously connect cognitive and affective domains of learning. Walker and Avant’s method of concept analysis is applied to examine the uses of ABL in the literature, define the attributes, distinguish the antecedents and consequences, identify model and other cases, and determine empirical referents of this concept. This analysis is presented to facilitate the conceptual understanding of ABL for use in research and nursing education.
Cultural Competence and Cultural Safety in Canadian Schools of Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rowan Margo S. , Rukholm Ellen , Bourque-Bearskin Lisa , Baker Cynthia , Voyageur Evelyn , Robitaille Annie
Published: June 2013

Cultural competence and cultural safety are essential knowledge in contemporary nursing care. Using a three-phase, mixed methods sequential triangulation design, this study examines the extent to which Anglophone Schools of Nursing in Canada have integrated cultural competence and/or cultural safety into the undergraduate nursing curricula. Factors that influence successful integration are identified through the lens of Donabedian’s structure, process, and outcome model. Results suggest that several facilitating factors are present, such as leadership, partnerships and linkages, and educational supports for students. Of particular concern is the lack of policies to recruit and retain Aboriginal faculty, financial resources, and outcome evaluation indicators. A conceptual model of integration is offered to explain how Schools of Nursing function to support the implementation of these concepts into their curriculum. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for initiation and improvement of cultural competence and/or cultural safety integration strategies in Schools of Nursing.