bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm with Mobile Sink Support for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Jin , Gao Yu , Liu Wei , Sangaiah Arun Kumar , Kim Hye-Jin
Published: March 2019

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) has drawn wide attention. It can be viewed as a network with lots of sensors that are autonomously organized and cooperate with each other to collect, process, and transmit data around targets to some remote administrative center. As such, sensors may be deployed in harsh environments where it is impossible for battery replacement. Therefore, energy efficient routing is crucial for applications that introduce WSNs. In this paper, we present an energy efficient routing schema combined with clustering and sink mobility technology. We first divide the whole sensor field into sectors and each sector elects a Cluster Head (CH) by calculating its members’ weight. Member nodes calculate energy consumption of different routing paths to choose the optimal scenario. Then CHs are connected into a chain using the greedy algorithm for intercluster communication. Simulation results prove the presented schema outperforms some similar work such as Cluster-Chain Mobile Agent Routing (CCMAR) and Energy-efficient Cluster-based Dynamic Routing Algorithm (ECDRA). Additionally, we explore the influence of different network parameters on the performance of the network and further enhance its performance.
Correction: McGrath, T., et al. An Auto-Calibrating Knee Flexion-Extension Axis Estimator using Principal Component Analysis with Inertial Sensors. Sensors 2018, 18(6), 1882
Authors: McGrath Timothy , Fineman Richard , Stirling Leia
Published: March 2019

The authors wish to make the following revisions to this paper [...]
A High Full Well Capacity CMOS Image Sensor for Space Applications
Authors: Kim Woo-Tae , Park Cheonwi , Lee Hyunkeun , Lee Ilseop , Lee Byung-Geun
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a high full well capacity (FWC) CMOS image sensor (CIS) for space applications. The proposed pixel design effectively increases the FWC without inducing overflow of photo-generated charge in a limited pixel area. An MOS capacitor is integrated in a pixel and accumulated charges in a photodiode are transferred to the in-pixel capacitor multiple times depending on the maximum incident light intensity. In addition, the modulation transfer function (MTF) and radiation damage effect on the pixel, which are especially important for space applications, are studied and analyzed through fabrication of the CIS. The CIS was fabricated using a 0.11 μm 1-poly 4-metal CIS process to demonstrate the proposed techniques and pixel design. A measured FWC of 103,448 electrons and MTF improvement of 300% are achieved with 6.5 μm pixel pitch.
eHAPAC: A Privacy-Supported Access Control Model for IP-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Fagui , Tang Yangyu , Wang Liangming
Published: March 2019

The implementation of IP technology in wireless sensor networks has promoted the development of many smart scenarios. To enhance secure access in IP-enabled wireless sensor networks, access control to sensor nodes is a necessary process. However, access control currently faces two challenges, feasibility and preservation of user access privacy. In this paper, we propose eHAPAC, a novel privacy-preserving access control model for IP-enabled wireless sensor networks. The contributions of our paper include three parts. First, this paper integrates the Hidra access control protocol and APAC privacy-preserving model, addressing the issue of privacy-preserving access control in resource-constrained devices. Second, this paper proposes an enhanced Hidra protocol to implement the unlinkability of protocol message exchanges. Third, to solve the problem of third party credibility, this paper improves the group signature-based APAC model and utilizes blockchain technology to manage the storage and publication of public group signature keys. Security analysis and performance evaluation prove that our protocol is secure and effective.
Data-Driven Point Cloud Objects Completion
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Zhen , Li Xiang , Zang Yu
Published: March 2019

With the development of the laser scanning technique, it is easier to obtain 3D large-scale scene rapidly. However, many scanned objects may suffer serious incompletion caused by the scanning angles or occlusion, which has severely impacted their future usage for the 3D perception and modeling, while traditional point cloud completion methods often fails to provide satisfactory results due to the large missing parts. In this paper, by utilising 2D single-view images to infer 3D structures, we propose a data-driven Point Cloud Completion Network ( P C C N e t ), which is an image-guided deep-learning-based object completion framework. With the input of incomplete point clouds and the corresponding scanned image, the network can acquire enough completion rules through an encoder-decoder architecture. Based on an attention-based 2D-3D fusion module, the network is able to integrate 2D and 3D features adaptively according to their information integrity. We also propose a projection loss as an additional supervisor to have a consistent spatial distribution from multi-view observations. To demonstrate the effectiveness, first, the proposed P C C N e t is compared to recent generative networks and has shown more powerful 3D reconstruction abilities. Then, P C C N e t is compared to a recent point cloud completion methods, which has demonstrate that the proposed P C C N e t is able to provide satisfied completion results for objects with large missing parts.
Multispectral Detection of Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Farlik Jan , Kratky Miroslav , Casar Josef , Stary Vadim
Published: March 2019

The fight against unmanned vehicles is nothing new; however, especially with the arrival of new technologies that are easily accessible for the wider population, new problems are arising. The deployment of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by paramilitary organizations during conflicts around the world has become a reality, non-lethal “paparazzi” actions have become a common practice, and it is only a matter of time until the population faces lethal attacks. The basic prerequisite for direct defense against attacking UAVs is their detection. The authors of this paper analysed the possibility of detecting flying aircraft in several different electro-magnetic spectrum bands. Firstly, methods based on calculations and simulations were chosen, and experiments in laboratories and measurements of the exterior were subsequently performed. As a result, values of the radar cross section (RCS), the noise level, the surface temperature, and optical as well as acoustic traces of tested devices were quantified. The outputs obtained from calculated, simulated, and experimentally detected values were found via UAV detection distances using specific sensors working in corresponding parts of the frequency spectrum.
A Participation Degree-Based Fault Detection Method for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Gongxuan , Chen Xiaohui , Zhou Xiumin , Liu Yueqi , Zhou Junlong
Published: March 2019

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), there are many challenges for outlier detection, such as fault detection, fraud detection, intrusion detection, and so on. In this paper, the participation degree of instances in the hierarchical clustering process infers the relationship between instances. However, most of the existing algorithms ignore such information. Thus, we propose a novel fault detection technique based on the participation degree, called fault detection based on participation degree (FDP). Our algorithm has the following advantages. First, it does not need data training in labeled datasets; in fact, it uses the participation degree to measure the differences between fault points and normal points without setting distance or density parameters. Second, FDP can detect global outliers without local cluster influence. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of our approach by applying it to synthetic and real-world datasets and contrasting it with four well-known techniques: isolation forest (IF), local outlier factor (LOF), one-class support vector machine (OCS), and robust covariance (RC).
Electronic Nose-Based Technique for Rapid Detection and Recognition of Moldy Apples
Authors: Jia Wenshen , Liang Gang , Tian Hui , Sun Jing , Wan Cihui
Published: March 2019

In this study, the PEN3 electronic nose was used to detect and recognize fresh and moldy apples inoculated with Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger, taking Golden Delicious apples as the model subject. Firstly, the apples were divided into two groups: individual apple inoculated only with/without different molds (Group A) and mixed apples of inoculated apples with fresh apples (Group B). Then, the characteristic gas sensors of the PEN3 electronic nose that were most closely correlated with the flavor information of the moldy apples were optimized and determined to simplify the analysis process and improve the accuracy of the results. Four pattern recognition methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machines (SVM), and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), were applied to analyze the data obtained from the characteristic sensors, aiming at establishing the prediction model of the flavor information and fresh/moldy apples. The results showed that only the gas sensors of W1S, W2S, W5S, W1W, and W2W in the PEN3 electronic nose exhibited a strong signal response to the flavor information, indicating most were closely correlated with the characteristic flavor of apples and thus the data obtained from these characteristic sensors were used for modeling. The results of the four pattern recognition methods showed that BPNN had the best prediction performance for the training and testing sets for both Groups A and B, with prediction accuracies of 96.3% and 90.0% (Group A), 77.7% and 72.0% (Group B), respectively. Therefore, we demonstrate that the PEN3 electronic nose not only effectively detects and recognizes fresh and moldy apples, but also can distinguish apples inoculated with different molds.
A Sensitive Pyrimethanil Sensor Based on Electrospun TiC/C Film
Authors: Sui Ling , Wu Tingting , Liu Lijuan , Wang Honghong , Wang Qingqing , Hou Haoqing , Guo Qiaohui
Published: March 2019

Titanium carbide (TiC) is a very significant transition metal carbide that displays excellent stability and electrical conductivity. The electrocatalytic activity of TiC is similar to noble metals but is much less expensive. Herein, carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-supported TiC nanoparticles (NPs) film (TiC/C) is prepared by electrospinning and carbothermal processes. Well-dispersed TiC NPs are embedded tightly into the CNFs frameworks. The electrochemical oxidation of pyrimethanil (PMT) at the TiC/C-modified electrode displays enhanced redox properties, and the electrode surface is controlled simultaneously both by diffusion and adsorption processes. When TiC/C is applied for PMT determination, the as-fabricated sensor shows good sensing performance, displaying a wide linear range (0.1–600 μM, R2 = 0.998), low detection limit (33 nM, S/N = 3), and good reproducibility with satisfied anti-interference ability. In addition, TiC/C shows long-term stability and good application in natural samples. The facile synthetic method with good sensing performance makes TiC/C promising as novel electrode materials to fabricate efficient sensors.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Different Rhodiola rosea Rhizome Extracts by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn
Authors: Alperth Fabian , Turek Ivana , Weiss Sandra , Vogt Dietmar , Bucar Franz
Published: March 2019

Rhodiola rosea has been used in folk medicine as ethanolic macerates for a long time. This study aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of different ethanolic Rhodiola rosea rhizome macerates (35%, 70%, and 96% v/v) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) extracts prepared with 85% methanol, in order to shed light on the effectivity of different extraction methods. Extract samples were analyzed by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of water + 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Qualitative analysis lead to the tentative identification of 18 compounds: Two cyanogenic glycosides (rhodiocyanoside A, lotaustralin), three phenylethanoids (salidroside, viridoside, 2-phenylethyl-vicianoside), two procyanidin and catechin derivatives (epigallocatechin-epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate), five phenylpropanoids (cinnamyl alcohol, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, cinnamyl-(6’-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-O-β-glucopyranoside), two monoterpene alcohols (rhodioloside E, rosiridin) and four flavonols (rhodionidin, rhodiosin, rhodionin, kaempferol). Quantity was determined for salidroside, cinnamyl alcohol and its three major glycosides (rosarin, rosavin, rosin), as well as three flavonols (rhodionidin, rhodiosin, rhodionin). Methanolic ASE proved to be the superior extraction method for different substance groups. For macerates, high ethanol content increased yield and lowered hydrolysis of glycosides during extraction, but ethanolic macerates still showed low reproducibility and high fluctuations in quantity of marker compounds salidroside and rosavins, as well as flavonols. Rhodiola rosea rhizomes of wild origins seemed to underly great variability in chemical composition dependent on grow site.
Optimized Analysis of Ergot Alkaloids in Rye Products by Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Applying Lysergic Acid Diethylamide as an Internal Standard
Authors: Holderied Iris , Rychlik Michael , Elsinghorst Paul
Published: March 2019

Analysis of ergot alkaloids remains a topic of importance and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has encouraged laboratories to provide monitoring data for the further evaluation of their occurrence in food and feed. While LC-MS/MS has dominated developments in recent years, LC-FLD is still more widespread, especially in developing countries. To improve the analysis of ergot alkaloids by LC-FLD, we developed an improved protocol introducing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for internal standardization. Several aspects such as the composition and pH of the extraction medium, type of sorbent and conditions applied for solid-phase extraction/clean-up, use of a keeper during final evaporation and the type of syringe filter used for filtration prior to injection were thoroughly investigated. Optimized conditions comprise extraction by ethyl acetate, methanol and 28% aqueous ammonia in combination with basic aluminum oxide for extract clean-up. Use of a keeper was found inappropriate as LC-FLD analysis was significantly affected by co-eluting keeper components. Similar observations were made with some of the investigated syringe filters, where polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) proved to be the most suitable. Validation and application of the optimized methodology to real samples provided limits of detection and quantification suitable for the evaluation of relevant ergot alkaloid contaminations in rye and bakery products with superior precision that was facilitated by the introduced internal standard, LSD.
The As and Bs of HIV and Hepatitis Co-Infection
Authors: Wooten Darcy , Karris Maile Y.
Published: March 2019

Hepatitis A and B co-infection among people living with HIV are public health challenges that account for an increasing degree of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the changing epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and new approaches to treatment and prevention continues to be important in the care of people living with HIV. We conducted a review of the literature that included studies on hepatitis A and HIV co-infection and hepatitis B and HIV co-infection, focusing on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Important updates include the changing epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks among the homeless and individuals who use substances, and novel approaches to hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis B cure strategies.
Analysis of the Water-Energy Coupling Efficiency in China: Based on the Three-Stage SBM-DEA Model with Undesirable Outputs
Authors: Wang Meng , Sun Caizhi , Wang Xueli
Published: March 2019

Although the relationships between water and energy systems have been widely researched globally, such studies have not properly considered the coupling and driving mechanisms of the nexus between water and energy. Based on panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and cities, we used a three-stage Slacks-Based Measure model for Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) to estimate the Water-Energy coupling efficiency in China from 2003–2015. Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) regression model, we constructed an index of environmental factors that affect the Water-Energy coupling efficiency from the four aspects of resource environment, social environment, economic environment, and ecological environment. The results indicate that the Water-Energy coupling efficiency scores in most provinces in China are high and stable, and that the coupling efficiency of water and energy in China has a distribution pattern of northeast > east > west > central. Compared to the results in the first stage of analysis, the efficiency values in the third stage (after removal of environmental and stochastic factors) were smaller, illustrating that the coupling efficiency of water and energy in China depends on a favorable external environment. In the sample period, we also found that the improvement of the resource and social environments was the most conducive way to improve the Water-Energy coupling efficiency. Overall, the management level of technological innovation in China still has some room for improvement.
Assessing the Impact of Reservoir Parameters on Runoff in the Yalong River Basin using the SWAT Model
Authors: Liu Xuan , Yang Mingxiang , Meng Xianyong , Wen Fan , Sun Guangdong
Published: March 2019

The construction and operation of cascade reservoirs has changed the natural hydrological cycle in the Yalong River Basin, and reduced the accuracy of hydrological forecasting. The impact of cascade reservoir operation on the runoff of the Yalong River Basin is assessed, providing a theoretical reference for the construction and joint operation of reservoirs. In this paper, eight scenarios were set up, by changing the reservoir capacity, operating location, and relative location in the case of two reservoirs. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of the capacity and location of a single reservoir on runoff processes, and the effect of the relative location in the case of joint operation of reservoirs. The results show that: (1) the reservoir has a delay and reduction effect on the flood during the flood season, and has a replenishment effect on the runoff during the dry season; (2) the impact of the reservoir on runoff processes and changes in runoff distribution during the year increases with the reservoir capacity; (3) the mitigation of flooding is more obvious at the river basin outlet control station when the reservoir is further downstream; (4) an arrangement with the smaller reservoir located upstream and the larger reservoir located downstream can maximize the benefits of the reservoirs in flood control.
Wall Shear Stress Measurement on Curve Objects with PIV in Connection to Benthic Fauna in Regulated Rivers
Authors: Bin Asad S. M. Sayeed , Lundström Tord Staffan , Andersson Anders G. , Hellström Johan Gunnar I. , Leonardsson Kjell
Published: March 2019

The flow characteristics in the vicinity of a set of half-cylinders of different sizes simulating benthic objects were studied experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The cylinders were mounted on the bottom of an open channel, and the influence of the flow speed on the distribution of the shear stress along the bottom geometry was investigated. Of special interest was how the shear stress changes close to the wall as a function of the flow speed and cylinder arrangement. It was found that the shear stress varies significantly as a function of position. This implies habitat heterogeneity allowing benthic invertebrates with different shear stress tolerance exists when the bottom consists of differently sized stones. It was also shown that direct measurements of near wall velocity gradients are necessary to accurately calculate the wall shear stress for more complex geometries.
Duality of Seasonal Effect and River Bend in Relation to Water Quality in the Chao Phraya River
Authors: Huang Guangwei , Xue Han , Liu Huan , Ekkawatpanit Chaiwat , Sukhapunnapha Thada
Published: March 2019

The present study conducted a field survey of water quality along the Chao Phraya River during the past three years. The main objective was to better understand the spatial–temporal variations in water quality in relation to season and channel morphology. It assessed the water quality in terms of chemical parameters, bacteria, and phytoplankton. The results revealed a duality of seasonal effect for nutrients. The rainy season degraded the water quality by increasing the nutrient concentration in the waterway in the beginning, but cleaned it up by dilution in the end. However, this duality did not apply to Escherichia coli (E. coli), for which the highest level occurred during the second half of the rainy season and a sag curve variation pattern was displayed along the mainstream. Another duality found by this study is that there was no statistically significant difference in water quality in terms of chemical parameters between a river bend and the straight channel shortcutting the bend, but significant differences in the level of E. coli and the phytoplankton community structure were observed between the two. Of particular note, the present study revealed a coexistence of a saproxenous species (algae found in clean water) with a harmful species in the bend river reach.
RESPIRATORY RESPONSE ON THE ACTIVATION OF GABAА- AND GABAВ-RECEPTORS OF A PARAFACIAL RESPIRATORY GROUP BY SPECIFIC AGONISTS
Authors: Kovaleva T.E. , Vedyasova O.A.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the paper is to conduct comparative analysis of GABAА and GABAВ receptors of the parafacial respiratory group (pfRG) in central mechanisms of respiratory regulation in adult rats. Materials and Methods. The authors studied the reactions of external respiration and diaphragmatic muscle on microinjections of muscimol and baclofen solutions (10-6 M, 200 nl) in the region of pFHR on rats, anesthetized with urethane. Injections were administered through a glass microcannula according to stereotactic coordinates. A spirogram and electromyogram (EMG) of the diaphragm were recorded in the initial state and within 60 minutes after microinjection of the abovementioned agonists of GABAА and GABAВ receptors. Results. Microinjections of muscimol, the agonist of GABAA receptors, in pfGR had an inhibitory effect on respiration. The inhibitory effect was characterized by a short latent period. Minute lung ventilation decreased in rats due to changes in tidal volume and respiratory rate, while the inspiratory and expiratory time increased. On the EMG of the diaphragm, the oscillation amplitude decreased, while the duration of inspiratory bursts and inter-burst intervals increased. Microinjections of baclofen solution, GABAВ agonist receptor, in pfGR also caused respiratory depression, but with a longer latency period. In that case, a decrease in pulmonary ventilation was provided by a decrease in tidal volume in combination with inspiration lengthening. Changes in the breathing pattern corresponded to a decrease in the oscillation amplitude and an increase in the duration of inspiratory bursts on the EMG of the diaphragm. Conclusions. The role of pfGR in the respiratory regulation is mediated by ionotropic GABAА- and metabotropic GABAB-receptors. GABAA-receptors in the pfHR area contribute to expiration-inspiration regulation, while GABAB-receptors are predominantly involved in inspiratory activity modulation. Keywords: parafacial respiratory group, GABAA-receptors, GABAB-receptors, muscimol, baclofen, external respiration, electromyogram of the diaphragm.
Structure cristalline et protonique de l'iodure de sodium dihydraté Na I.2H2O
Authors: Verbist Jacques , Piret Paul , Van Meerssche Maurice
Published: March 2019

La structure cristalline de Na I • 2H₂O a été déterminée par diffraction des rayons X et résonance magnétique nucléaire. La maille est triclinique, P[-1], a = 7,161, b = 6,035, c = 7,282 Å ; α = 81,2°, β = 118,7°, γ = 115.3° ; Z = 2. Longueurs de liaison : Na-I : 3,209 et 3,259 Å ; Na-O : 2,354, 2,365, 2,373, 2,420 Å ; O-H...I : 3,589, 3,615, 3,641, 3,650 Å.
Les télescopages syntaxiques
Authors: Boutet Josiane , Fiala Pierre
Published: March 2019

Le télescopage syntaxique (t.s.) se définit comme l'imbrication de deux structures distinctes simultanément présentes dans un énoncé de surface. Phénomène caractéristique du français non standard mais non de lui seul le t.s. est étudié ici dans des corpus d'entretiens sociologiques et de lettres non standard. Deux propriétés du t.s. sont soulignées : la rupture de construction et l'ambiguïté structurale. Comparable au mot-valise et au lapsus, le t.s. manifeste des caractères propres au syntaxique, qui peuvent être interprétés au niveau discursif, en terme d'hétérogénéité énonciative.
Interprétations provisoirement inachevées
Authors: Grunig Roland
Published: March 2019

L'auteur pense que les descriptions des interactions verbales qui se fondent sur la stratégie du locuteur ou le degré de coopération des interlocuteurs ne sont pas les plus adéquates pour rendre compte de certaines difficultés de la communication. Les déphasages (du simple malentendu à l'imbroglio total) sont d'après lui à analyser prioritairement dans l'espace interprétatif, compte-tenu de ce que cet espace comporte aussi bien l'auto-interprétation du locuteur que l'interprétation de l'interlocuteur. C'est dans cet espace que l'auteur définit par exemple la notion centrale de Seuil d'Incohérence atteint au temps t par un interprétant. L'auteur montre en outre que la plupart des techniques qui permettent à un interprétant d'utiliser ses connaissances pour mettre en place une interprétation, peuvent se traduire en termes de transport de structure ou de complétion d'ensembles structurés qui sont liés à la notion mathématique de morphisme. Mais il signale que presque tous ces outils, souvent efficaces, sont parfois à double tranchant. Tout au long de l'article l'accent est mis sur le caractère a priori provisoire de toute interprétation ou étape dans une interprétation.
La référence définie unique dans le discours filmique
Authors: de Mourgues Nicole
Published: March 2019

The present paper treats the problems of reference and especially the single definite reference. Some examples from the filmic discourse (which is considered as a possible world) illustrate the designation of individuals through definite descriptions and particularly through proper names : proper names are considered as rigid designators, which at the same time connote and function as a predicate of denomination to be called /N/ for an x.
La description des échanges en analyse conversationnelle : l'exemple du compliment
Authors: Kerbrat-Orecchioni Catherine
Published: March 2019

Cette étude, qui s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une Pragmatique des Interactions Conversationnelles, propose une description de la structure et du fonctionnement, en français, d'un type particulier d'échange : l'échange complimenteur. Après avoir dégagé l'organisation structurale de cet échange, on essaiera de montrer qu'une telle description doit recourir non seulement à des règles de nature spécifiquement linguistique, mais aussi à des principes interactionnels généraux, relevant d'une sorte de psycho-sociologie de la communication, et en particulier, à ceux qui découlent de ce qu'on peut appeler, à la suite de Goffman , le "système des faces".
Débrayages conversationnels
Authors: Trognon Alain
Published: March 2019

A conversational breakdown is a couple of adjacent moves that is not coherent. This article studies two types of conversational breakdowns (conversational breakdown at the second turn-taking and at the third one) and the processes employed by the interlocutors to solve. them. This conversational breakdowns are illustrated by conversations with schizophrenic patients.
Aie ! ou Je souffre ! . Le rapport entre le son et le sens. Un débat d'aujourd'hui avec deux participants historiques : Adolf Noreen et Wilhelm Wundt
Authors: Thümmel Wolf
Published: March 2019

Après une représentation de l'hypothèse de Noreen sur la structure du signe linguistique (simple ou complexe) on esquisse l'insertion de cette hypothèse dans une version de l'ancienne doctrine du jugement proposée par Noreen. On montre comment Noreen a traité le problème de l'ellipse en présupposant une distinction entre sémèmes pronominaux et non pronominaux. Les conceptions de Noreen et de Wundt sont ensuite "traduites" dans le langage de la Théorie de l'Articulateur de Blanche-Noëlle Grunig, de façon à rendre possible une comparaison des deux conceptions. La discussion du cas des phrases à un mot met en évidence que les hypothèses de Noreen ne sont pas assez restrictives, tandis que celles de Wundt le sont au contraire sans doute trop.
Le lexique en vedette : son rôle dans le modèle de Bresnan 'Lexical Functionnal Grammar'
Authors: Clément Danièle
Published: March 2019

Le lexique et la syntaxe sont interdépendants. L'une des thèses fondamentales de "LFG" est que l'on ne peut les concevoir sans étroite référence l'un à l'autre. On ne s'étonnera pas alors que des problèmes surgissent lorsque la syntaxe n'est pas associable à des propriétés que consignerait le lexique (ainsi p. ex. lorsque la rection verbale n'intervient pas).
Le dire difficile et le devoir dire
Authors: Gardin Bernard
Published: March 2019

La difficulté à trouver la bonne formulation est une expérience qui caractérise autant l'écrivain que le locuteur anonyme. L'auteur effectue une revue des différentes formes par lesquelles se manifeste ce phénomène (changements de sémiotique, inachèvements, bafouillages, catastrophes, télescopages, forçages de la langue, saturations, brisures...), et en énumère les causes en s'appuyant essentiellement sur des corpus d'origine syndicale. Se référant à d'autres descriptions de faits similaires, il tente de compactifier la notion, et de la constituer comme lieu privilégié pour la saisie du phénomène langagier.
Les mots d'autorité : quand les discours de la didactique se réfèrent à la linguistique
Authors: Moirand Sophie
Published: March 2019

L'article est pénétré des thèses défendues dans un vaste ouvrage (Paris : Hachette, 1988) où l'auteur, en particulier, voit dans l'analyse du discours une voie scientifique d'accès à la compréhension de la didactique, dans le champ particulier de la didactique des langues et singulièrement du français. L'auteur ici insiste sur l'hétérogénéité discursive et sur différentes sortes de "dialogisme".
La situation de la lexicologie dans les rapports entre linguistique et linguistique appliquée. A propos de quelques déplacements dans les années cinquante et soixante
Authors: Coste Daniel
Published: March 2019

L'auteur examine les déplacements que connaît la lexicologie à l'intérieur du domaine de la linguistique entre 1950 et 1970. Il montre comment, dans les années 50, les études lexicales sont le lieu d'initiatives nouvelles, rassemblant souvent de jeunes chercheurs autour de techniques modernes de traitement. Les années 60 marquent un renversement de tendance, les linguistes des universités tendant à investir plus dans des théories à dominante phonologique ou syntaxique, qui autorisent des constructions interprétatives plus homogènes et plus immanentes. L'auteur souligne toutefois combien les travaux relatifs au lexique restent intenses en France après 1960, notamment pour ce qui est de la réflexion lexicographique.
Morphologie flexionnelle et productivité
Authors: Poitou Jacques
Published: March 2019

Sont passés ici en revue différents aspects de l'exploitation du concept de productivité dans le domaine de la morphologie flexionnelle. Après une recherche des différents moyens permettant de mettre en évidence la productivité d'un phénomène morphologique, on examine les mécanismes de la productivité en liaison avec la question de la motivation des évolutions. Une troisième partie est consacrée à l'examen des faits, essentiellement supplétifs , qui semblent les plus rebelles à l'analyse.
Savoir lexical, savoir expert : problèmes de représentation
Authors: Handwerker Brigitte
Published: March 2019

Cet article tente d'esquisser un ensemble d'instruments aptes à décrire le caractère spécifique de termes dont l'emploi se prête à activer un savoir expert. En partant de l'hypothèse de la division du travail linguistique, le fonctionnement des termes auxquels s'associent des stéréotypes et des définitions scientifiques sera examiné dans l'objectif d'une mise en relation explicite des emplois multiples d'un même terme par les membres d'une communauté linguistique.
L'entrée dans l'écriture : comment des écoliers transforment une "histoire"
Authors: Fabre Claudine
Published: March 2019

En comparant versions orales et versions écrites d'une même " histoire", ou en contrastant différents états de brouillons et copies scolaires, on s'efforce de décrire les principales modifications intervenant dans la genèse de narrations orales et écrites produites par des écoliers ayant de 6 à 11 ans.

Les résultats font apparaître :

a) lors de la comparaison oral /écrit :

1. que l'écrit n'est pas la simple transcription de l'oral ; 2. que l'expression est plus dense à l'écrit qu'à l'oral, et qu'elle est également plus dense dans les écrits des écoliers qui sont en situation de réussite ; 3. que le travail de l'écrit scolaire établit un réglage spécifique de la subjectivité ;

b) lors de la comparaison des différents états d'un écrit :

1. que les modifications se localisent plutôt dans les zones de transition discursive (introduction , discours rapporté, clôtures) ; 2. que les ajouts, en particulier, apparaissent quand il s'agit de changer le type discursif ; 3. que, de façon comparable, mais moins forte, les suppressions jouent le même rôle dans l'orientation du texte ou dans les essais de conclusion.

Mots-clés : Activités métalinguistiques ; Oral/ Ecrit ; Ecrits scolaires ; Développement du langage ; Paraphrase.
La structure dynamique du récit
Authors: Wildgen Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

L'article considère le récit sous trois formes fondamentales :

a. le récit spontané (oral) basé sur un vécu personnel,

b. les réorganisations en série d'un récit.

c. le conte populaire et sa rédaction littéraire.

La forme primaire, le récit spontané, est décrit sous deux aspects : sa structure morphogénétique et sa décomposition en unités narratives. Pour l'analyse componentielle, une grammaire imaginale et vectorielle est introduite, et deux principes de la syntaxe imaginale sont énoncés et appliqués à un texte allemand.

Enfin on discute la cohérence entre les différentes formes d'organisation dynamique du récit. Mots-clés : Récit-oral ; Structure morphogénétique ; Décomposition ; Organisation dynamique du récit.
NONLINEAR MONOTONIZATION OF THE BABENKO SCHEME
Authors: Galanin M. P. , Yelenina T. G.
Published: March 2019

The goal of the paper is to present and test the nonlinear monotonization of the Babenko scheme for solving 2D linear advection equation with alternating‐sign velocities. The numerical method of monotonization is based on the idea of limited artificial diffusion. There are some approaches for constructing quasi‐monotonic second order approximation schemes for solving hyperbolic systems and equations of gas dynamics: flux correction methods, the Godunov method, TVD methods and others. In particular, many authors developed the idea of TVD method. We try to use this idea to get a new quasi‐monotonic high order accuracy scheme based on the well‐known non‐monotonic Babenko scheme. The algorithm is presented for 1D problem. For testing 2D problem we use the splitting algorithm. The proposed monotonized scheme has shown the best results among all considered in the paper schemes especially for non-smooth initial profile.
ON THE METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF ONE PROBLEM OF THE ELASTICITY THEORY
Authors: Kristalinskii V. R.
Published: March 2019

This paper is devoted to a method of obtaining the equation describing the bend of the round fixed plate under the loading, concentrated at the point and on the interior circumference.
INVESTIGATION OF A COST‐EFFECTIVE FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR THE TRANSPORT EQUATION
Authors: Slugin D. G. , Popov A. V.
Published: March 2019

The transport equation for three‐dimensional flow of a viscous gas is considered. An implicit finite difference scheme is constructed for approximating the transport equation. The error estimation is proved. The main part of the analysis is done for the first differential approximation of the proposed finite difference scheme, but the results are also valid in the fully discrete case.
DISASTER CONSEQUENCE MITIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ROADSIDE GREEN SPACES IN NANJING
Authors: Fei Wenjun , Jin Zhijia , Ye Jienan , Divigalpitiya Prasanna , Sakai Takeru , Wang Chengkang
Published: March 2019

The extensive layout of roadside green spaces make them important green disaster mitigation nodes in high-density areas of any city; hence, further improvements in their disaster mitigation functions would make the urban disaster prevention system more effective. In the present research, different types of roadside green spaces in the Gulou district of Nanjing were identified to establish a highly efficient urban disaster refuge green space system. A total of 35 built-up roadside green spaces were employed as the study site, and for field investigation and statistical analysis, 21 factors were selected from the aspects of spatial form, functional facilities, and surrounding environment. According to their disaster mitigation abilities, cluster analysis classified these roadside green spaces into four categories: complete type, potential type, centralized type, and broad type. Finally, by analyzing the characteristics of different types of roadside green spaces, corresponding optimization strategies were proposed. In comparison to previous investigations, our study focused on the quantitative evaluation of disaster mitigation and risk protection function of roadside green spaces. In the future, the obtained results will serve as important scientific references to the planning and construction of green spaces in high-density areas of Nanjing, China.
Parallel-propagating Waves and Instabilities in Plasmas with Streaming Proton and Alpha Particles
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Zhao Jinsong , Sun Heyu , Xiang Liang , Liu Wen , Lu Jianyong , Zhou Weican
Published: March 2019

Streaming proton and alpha particles are permeating in the solar wind and solar atmosphere. These particles considerably affect the normal waves in electron–proton–alpha plasmas, especially inducing electrostatic and electromagnetic ion/ion beam instabilities. This paper gives a comprehensive investigation on stable and unstable parallel-propagating wave modes in plasmas with streaming proton and alpha particles. It illustrates that at a large beam velocity condition, the backward-propagating fast-magnetosonic/whistler wave (Alfvén/proton-beam or Alfvén/alpha beam mode wave) turns to forward propagation in the core proton rest frame, and couples with forward-propagating Alfvén/alpha-cyclotron and alpha-cyclotron/proton-cyclotron waves (fast-magnetosonic/whistler wave), triggering Alfvén/proton-cyclotron and fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities. Furthermore, as perpendicular thermal pressures of proton and alpha beams are larger than their parallel thermal pressures, several new electromagnetic instabilities arise in the case of the low ion streaming velocity, where both Alfvén/proton-cyclotron and fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities are stable. This paper also predicts the possible ion/ion electromagnetic instabilities in solar coronal holes, which can give a constraint on the ion differential drift velocity therein.
Pulmonary and testicular tuberculosis in one patient caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with different genotypes
Authors: Lan Yuanbo , Chen Ling , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2019

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounted for 14% of 6.4 million cases of TB that were reported to WHO in 2017, and genitourinary TB (GUTB) is the second most common type of EPTB. The most common site of GUTB is the kidneys and testicular TB is relatively rare. The case of one patient with pulmonary and testicular TB caused separately by two different genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is further rare. Here, we present an unusual case of TB in which pulmonary TB (PTB) and testicular TB were caused by Mtb isolates with two different genotypes in a 91-year-old male patient from Zunyi, Guizhou Province of China. A better understanding of the mechanism by which a small number of tubercle bacilli are spread from the primary site of PTB to more distant parts/organs of the body, and what factors determine the potential EPTB site will provide us with new ways to prevent and control EPTB infections.
Surgical site infection incidence and risk factors in thoracic surgical procedures: A 12-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Cvijanovic Vlado S , Ristanović Aleksandar S , Maric Nebojsa T , Vesovic Natasa V , Kostovski Vanja V , Djenic Ljubinko V , Stojkovic Dejan V , Nikolic Aleksandar S , Djordevic Dragan M , Suljagic Vesna D
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) continue to be a major problem for thoracic surgery patients. We aimed to determine incidence rate (IR) and risk factors for SSI in patients with thoracic surgical procedures.

Methodology: During 12 years of hospital surveillance of patients with thoracic surgical procedures, we prospectively identified SSI. Patients with SSI were compared with patients without SSI.

Results: We operated 3,370 patients and 205 (6.1%) developed SSI postoperatively. We detected 190 SSI among open thoracic surgical procedures (IR 7.1%) and 15 SSI after video-assisted thoracic surgery (IR 2.1%). Five independent risk factors for SSI were identified: wound contamination (p = 0.013; relative risk (RR) 2.496; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 1.208-5.156), American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score (p = 0.012; RR: 1.795; 95% CI: 1.136-2.834), duration of drainage (p < 0.001; RR: 1.117; 95% CI: 1.085-1.150), age (p = 0.036; RR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.001-1.035) and duration of operation (p < 0.001; RR:1.005; 95% CI:1.002-1.008).

Conclusion: The results are valuable in documenting risk factors for SSI in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The knowledge and prevention of controllable risk factors is necessary in order to reduce the incidence of SSI.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis with an Intracranial Haemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Al Zahrani Abdullah M. , Al Sheikh Reem
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare, life-threatening disorder. It has an annual incidence of approximately two to four per million people per year. Nearly 70–80% of all cases of CVST are located in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). CVST presents a diagnostic challenge due to different presentations.
CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a young pregnant female who presented to the emergency room with an acute headache attributed to multifactorial causes.
CONCLUSION: This report highlights the importance of including CVST in the differential diagnosis when treating a pregnant female with headaches. Although the symptoms of CVST are varied, the most common occlusion is in the SSS. In such cases, the patient may present with signs and symptoms that include headaches, intracranial hypertension and papilloedemas.
Design and Implementation of Web-Based English Autonomous Learning System
Authors: Han Huimin
Published: March 2019

This paper attempts to solve the following problems of traditional Internet Eng-lish learning websites: the emphasis on the teaching process over the timely feed-back of the students, the bottleneck on the autonomous learning ability of the stu-dents, and the delay in the update of relevant resources. For this purpose, the au-thor established a web-based English autonomous learning platform. Specifically, the conceptual model was analysed by the object-oriented technology, the brows-er/server (B/S) architecture was set up to send data to the ADO.NET-based backend database, and displayed as webpages. The research results show that the design and implementation of the proposed system offers a preliminary solution to the lack of collaborative communication in traditional webpage learning, and widens the range of resource sharing. The system is in line with the English learners’ demand for and interests in Internet learning, and arouses the students’ interests and enthusiasm of English learning.
A New Neuroinformatics Approach to Optimize Diagnosis Cost in Neurology: An Operational Research Tool
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Rashid , Hussain Mohammad Equebal
Published: March 2019

Cost optimization approach of operational research is a predictive power and economy of compactness that is applied to solve specific clinical needs relevant to healthcare cost reduction. Technology helps the healthcare management, decision making, and policy that we have implemented in the interest of improving quality of patient care and treatment outcomes, thereby reducing costs and improving efficiency. The treatment cost of brain tumor is high. Sometimes, cost becomes a problem for individuals to get their complete treatment, which makes their health at risk and may lead to higher cost in future. Here we address neuroinformatics approach to optimize diagnosis cost in neurology through an operational research tool (optimization) on how the diagnosis cost of neuro-patient can optimize. In this context, we introduce a new and unique optimization approach in healthcare, yet what we are clearly lacking for applying applications of operational tools to translate this understanding to the different level to apply the concept in healthcare. The costs of treatment achieved by three standard initial basic feasible solutions (IBFS) methods (North-west corner method, Minimum cost method, Vogel’s approximation method) are 763, 763, and 779. The optimal solution is 761, and three random tests (RT’s) are 826, 783, and 788. Optimal solution provided an overall difference in treatment cost with IBFS 2, 2, 18 and with RT’s 65, 22, and 27. These results establish the basis for a deliberate integration of operational research tools and neuroscience into diagnosis of cost optimization mechanisms for neuro- patient.