bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OFENTAMOEBAHISTOLYTICA IN STOOL SPECIMENS AMONG DIARRHEAL CHILDREN
Authors: H Rafeef F. , Alsalim H.A.A.
Published: June 2022

This study was aimed to detect the spreading of E.histolytica among children with diarrhea, to achieve that,221 stool specimens were collected from diarrheal children of all ages and both gender, in Baghdad city at a period extended from early September 2019 to the end of February 2020. The collected specimens were examined directly by the light microscope for detecting the presence of E.histolytica. DNA was extracted from positive microscopically stool specimens, then examined by PCR to confirm the diagnosis of E. histolytica, by targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA) gene. The result showed that 78 (35.3%) of diarrheal cases were caused by E. histolytica according to the microscopically direct smear method, while 143 (64.7%) were other diarrheal causes. The infection with E. histolytica rate in males (59%) was higher than in females (41%), however, this variation was not significant (P = 0.973). E. histolytica was considerably more prevalent in the age group<1-3 years (62.9%)and lower rate in the age group 10-12 years (3.8%). PCR examination results confirmed the presence of E. histolytica in 70 (89.7%) of 78 samples that were positive by microscopic examination which were 44 (62.8%) and 26 (37.2%) males and females respectively, this variation was significantly. Patients in the age group less than 1-3 years had the most infection with E. histolytica.
EFFECIENCY OF SILVER NANOPARTICALES AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA ISOLATED FROM INFECTED COMMON CARP
Authors: Suhail R. N. , Mustafa S. A. , AL-Obodi E.E.
Published: June 2022

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the antibacterial efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in vitro against Aeromonas hydrophila using disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. The pathogenic A. hydrophila was isolated from infected common carp, usually diagnosed by chemical methods, and Avitek 2 compact device were used to confirm the diagnosis. The effectiveness of the prepared AgNPs was tested by chemical and biological (green synthesis using lemon extract) methods and were diagnosed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), which was spherical shape of the nanosilver and the size ranged between 30-50 nm.  Results of disc diffusion assay showed that the chemical synthesized of AgNPs in 18hr recorded the highest inhibition zone followed by the bio-synthesized AgNPs and Oxytetracycline respectively. After 24 hr the highest inhibition zone was registered in Oxytetracycline, however after 5 days bio-synthesized AgNPs showed the higher inhibition zone which was significantly different(P≤0.05) in comparison to other products. Based on these results, both bio and chemical synthesized of AgNPs were effectively act as antibacterial against A.hydrophila. However, green synthesis using lemon extract is considered better antibacterial with low MIC than chemical AgNPs because lemon extract is regarded eco-friendly and also the low cost product compared to chemical AgNPs synthesis.
EFFICACY OF OREGANO OIL, CITRUS OIL AND DIGESTAROM® P.E.P. ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE INFECTION IN BROILERS
Authors: Alazzawi R. I. , Khammas E. J.
Published: June 2022

The present study was carried out to detect efficacy of essential oils (oregano oil, anise oil, citrus oil and Digestarom® P.E.P) as an antiviral  on Newcastle disease infection in broilers.One hundred twenty, one-day-old broiler chickens (Copp500) were used. On day twenty, the one hundred chickens were divided into six groups.Each group contained 20 birds. All chicks were challenged with  median) virus titer embryo infectious  dose (EID50) 1ml per bird intraocular, intranasal and orally of the isolated very virulent Newcastle disease virus that identified by (HA, HI test, PCR and ICPI) and treated with the essential oils blend level used in drinking water for five days after challenge, G1 oregano oil1ml/L , G2 anise oil 1ml/L, G3 citrus oil1ml/L, G4 Digestarom® P.E.P 0.17ml/L, G5 control positive, and G6 control negative  without any treatment. The chickens were observed for clinical signs, gross lesion and weight until the end of the experiment.The result indicated that G4showed high protect than other oils with percentage 95% of survival chicks and mean weight 2054.42 gm, then G1 90% survival chickens and mean weight 1971.17gm, G2 85% survival chicks and mean weight 2148.88gm,G3 75% survival chicks  and mean weight 2227.07gm while G5 protection was 60% with mean weight 1866.67gm and G6showed 100% mortality rate.The results illustrate that G4 and G1 were the best treatments which recorded significantly ( P≤0.01)   followed by G2 and G3 respectively which recorded significantly (P≤0.05) in comparison with G5and G6.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT HORMONAL TREATMENTS IN LOCAL GOATS
Authors: Bamerny Araz O. , Alkass Jalal E. , Barwary Mwafaq S.
Published: June 2022

To evaluate the effect of different hormonal treatments on reproductive performance of local goats, 60 adult does were synchronized by using sponges impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate (MAP) for 14 days. Following sponges withindrawn, the does were allocated randomly to four equal groups. The first group was served as control and intramuscularly injected with normal saline (T1). The does in group 2,3  and 4 were injected intramuscularly with 250 i.u hCG(T2) 400 i.u. eCG(T3) and 20 µg GnRH(T4), respectively. Results revealed that the highest estrus response was recorded in T2 (100%) followed by T4(93.3%), T1 (86.7%) and T3(73.3%). Fertility rate was significantly (p˂0.05) higher in T4 (93.3%) and the lowest was found in T3 (66.7%). A significantly higher kidding rate (146.7%) and litter size (1.69) was recorded in T2. While the lowest kidding rats and litter size was recorded in T4 and T3, respectively.
THE IMPACT OF DOCKING KARADI LAMBS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: Al-Sherwany D. A. O. , Alkass J. E.
Published: June 2022

Twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that overall means of daily gain in weight, dressing percentage based on slaughter and empty body weight, rib eye area and fat thickness were 0.261±0.014kg, 45.956±0.428%, 53.933±0.678%, 11.288±0.488cm2 and 2.023±0.76mm, respectively, and no significant difference exist between them except dressing percentage based on empty body weight. It appears that carcasses of intact lambs compared to docked lambs contained significantly higher lean (62.79 vs. 59.85%), lean: fat (5.319 vs. 4.142), lean: bone (2.772 vs. 2.489) and numerically lower fat (16.058 vs. 14.042%) and bone (23.172 vs. 24.096%). Also, it was noticed as slaughter weight increase, there is an increase in dressing percentage, rib eye area, fat thickness, fat content of their carcass with a lower proportion of lean and bone.
EFFEC OF SALT STRESS ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF FOUR CULTIVARS OF BARLER
Authors: Mutlag Naeem. A. , Mohammed Aliaa. K.
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the field with clay loam soil in the winter seasons of 2018 - 2019 and 2019 - 2020 in order to study the effect of three levels of salt stress on yield and its components for four cultivars of barley (Hordeum valgare L.(. which be approved in Iraq.Factorial experiment with in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The treatments included three levels of irrigation water salinity (5,10,15) ds.m-1 and four cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 265, Samir, and Amal). The results showed that the salinity of the irrigation water caused a significant decreases of the number of spikes.m-2, number of grains. spike-1, weight of 1000 grains (gm) and grain yield. plant. -1 at levels S2 and S3 and for both studies seasons in comparison with treatment S1, which gave the highest averages for the mentioned traits, significant differences among barley cultivars in terms of their tolerance to salinity. It was found that Samir cultivar was more tolerant to salinity than the other cultivars.
INVESTIGATE GENETIC RELATION AMONG WATERMELON CULTIVARS USING MOLECULAR DNA MARKERS
Authors: Elias M. S. , Al-Jubouri Kadhim D.H.
Published: June 2022

This study was aimed to investigate genetic relation among 21 selective of watermelon seeds which collected from different commercial companies for different origins and produced at different years by using 12 primers for Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The results showed that the selective of Crimson sweet had genotypes highest genetic relation between ( K1 and K2) it was found less than the genetic similarity between ( K1and K4) , ( K2 and K4) .The four selective were divided two groups A and B. The results showed that the selective a Charleston gray had the highest genetic relation between (CH4 and CH6) while it found less than the genetic relation between (CH5 and CH9). The ten selectives were divided two cluster A and B,The groups A was divided three sub clusters .The results revealed that the highest genetic relation between the selective of the variety Sugar baby (S1and  S3). While found less genetic relation between the (S1 and S5) and divided the selectives of Sugar baby into two main cluster A and B, The cluster B was divided two sub cluster. The result found that the highest genetic relation among the 21 selective it was between ( CH4 and CH6), while found less than  of genetic similarity among ( CH8 and  S5) ( CH8 and S2),( S2 and K1) ,( S2 and K2) ,( S2  and CH9),( K1  and S5) ( S5 and CH9). The 21 selectives was divided two main clusters A and B the group A was divided to three sub clusters while the group B was divided two sub clusters. It could be concluded that the genetic relation it is very important in the hybridization programs to it prove a large genetic base to benefit of plant breeding programs.
EXPRESSION OF OCT-4 STEM CELL MARKER IN URINARY BLADDER CANCER AND ITS CORRELATION WITH INVASIVENESS
Authors: Jain Suvigya , Srivastava A N , Jain Manoj , Lal Nirupma , Ahmad Sharique , Singh Shivani
Published: June 2022

This study’s objective is to evaluate the expression of Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) as a prognostic biomarker for urinary
bladder cancer (UBC) along with its histological grade and tissue invasiveness. It is also called the POU domain, class 5, transcription factor
I(POU5FI). OCT-4 protein is a transcription factor and a well-known marker of cancer stem cells. This study aimed to validate the OCT-4 value in
urinary bladder cancer. FFPE tissue blocks from ten patients of different grades and invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma were studied and
correlated with the degree of OCT-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. The mean histochemical expression score in seven high-grade
urothelial carcinoma cases was 8.4 as compared to 5.0 in three low-grade urothelial carcinoma cases. Similarly, the mean histochemical expression
score in seven lamina invasive urothelial carcinoma was 5.9 as compared to 7.5 in detrusor muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. There was a
positive correlation between OCT-4 expression and high grade and invasive urinary bladder cancer.
ROLE OF LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Shanker Singh Anand , Radhika G . , Singh Ankita , Jana Debarshi
Published: June 2022

Introduction:The lipid prole status among breast cancer patients at initial diagnosis and during chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of
this study is to study the status of lipid and lipoprotein in female breast cancer patients at initial diagnosis and during chemotherapy.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the status of the lipid and lipoprotein in 1054 primarily diagnosed breast cancer patients
and 2483 normal controls with age stratication, from July 2015 to October 2016. At the same time, the status of lipid and lipoprotein were also
analyzed among 250 breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy.
Results: The incidence of dyslipidemia was signicantly lower in breast cancer group (41.82%) compared to normal group (55.26%) (P < 0.001).
The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) among breast cancer group were
signicantly lower compared to normal control group (P < 0.05). With age stratication, the levels of TC and LDL-C in breast cancer group were
still signicantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.001). And the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B were signicantly higher
among post chemotherapeutic patients compared to prechemotherapeutic patients, however HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels were contrary.
Conclusions: Breast cancer patients have lower incidence of dyslipidemia compared to normal populations. However, the situation of
dyslipidemia may become worsened after chemotherapy. Therefore, lipid monitoring and dyslipidemia prevention and treatment should be
conducted for breast cancer patients at initial diagnosis and during chemotherapy.
STUDY OF PROCALCITONIN AS A BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF SEPSIS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ashfaque Osama , Dasgupta Indraneel , Maiti Sambit
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
Common signs and symptoms include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion. To guide treatment, a central venous
catheter and an arterial catheter may be placed for access to the bloodstream. Other measurements such as cardiac output and superior vena cava
oxygen saturation may be used. Aims: This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) for sepsis patients and to study
the values of procalcitonin (PCT) with multiple organ dysfunctions, death and culture positive patients for sepsis patients. Materials and
Methods:ADescriptive, cross-sectional and Prospective Study was conducted in Department of Emergency Medicine in a Tertiary Care Hospital,
Kolkata, West Bengal from October 2020 - September 2021. 182 patients were taken in our study. Result:We examined that LOS was signicantly
more in patients with Culture [8.5246 ± 2.6433] compared to without Culture patients [6.9752± 1.8729]. (p=<0.001) and more patients had Culture
with Died patients [22 (91.7%)] but this was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We examined that LOS was signicantly more in
patients with Culture compared to without Culture patients and age was not signicantly less in patients with MOD compared to without MOD
patients.
DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E CIDADES INTELIGENTES: UMA REFLEXÃO (NA PÓS PANDEMIA COVID-19) SOBRE AS (NOVAS) CIDADES RESILIENTES
Authors: Fonseca Isabel , Prata Ana Rita
Published: June 2022

O desenvolvimento desbragado das cidades e a urbanização crescente do território impõem a implementação de políticas de sustentabilidade, traduzindo um dos maiores desafios da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas. Tornar as cidades e os aglomerados urbanos mais inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis traduz o seu 11.º objetivo. Encontrar o modelo para a implementação das cidades pressupõe considerar a harmonia entre os três pilares do desenvolvimento sustentável – economia, sociedade, ambiente, realizando tanto o desenvolvimento da economia como a justiça social, observando a proteção do meio ambiente e a neutralidade carbónica do desenvolvimento, preservando os bens ecológicos para as gerações futuras. O progresso tecnológico poderá ser a alavanca crucial para solucionar os problemas ambientais mais complexos que as cidades cada vez mais urbanizadas enfrentam. A aplicação das Tecnologias de Comunicação e Informação à Governação Pública Local permite pensar em Cidades Digitais, cidades reforçadas na sua resiliência, que são as que melhor concretizam os novos modelos de cidade de proximidade, sobretudo em alturas tão extraordinárias como são as que a Humanidade vive, hoje, em razão da pandemia Covid-19. No entanto, não obstante a tecnologia estar no centro da evolução para um desenvolvimento sustentável das comunidades locais, é necessário o reajustamento de atitudes e de comportamentos. Impõe-se a voluntariedade, a solidariedade e a participação, não se permitindo deixar ninguém para trás. A educação digital dos munícipes idosos e a promoção de condições materiais de acesso à cidade digital dos mais vulneráveis não pode ficar nunca esquecida na nova cidade resiliente
TRANSIÇÕES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE E CAPITALISMO NO SUL GLOBAL
Authors: Nagao Menezes Daniel Francisco
Published: June 2022

AA pesquisa de transição de sustentabilidade (STR em inglês) falhou em se envolver em nenhuma análise ou crítica significativa do capitalismo. Este artigo argumenta que o capitalismo não é um fator de fundo, mas sim, permeia o funcionamento dos sistemas sociotécnicos de maneiras que devem ser reconhecidas tanto para elaborar contas rigorosas de trajetórias de transição quanto para aumentar a capacidade do STR para apoiar futuras transições de sustentabilidade social. Este argumento é desenvolvido especificamente em relação aos três desafios do STR: a) análise da sustentabilidade real das transições de sustentabilidade; b) aplicação da teoria da transição a casos do Sul Global e; c) movimento em direção a um STR prospectivo. O artigo identifica três implicações principais desse argumento no que diz respeito à interdisciplinaridade, à validade dos referenciais teóricos atuais e à prática do STR. Em última análise, o artigo convida os estudiosos do STR a serem mais abertamente reflexivos não apenas sobre possíveis vieses teóricos, mas também sobre seus próprios papéis na sociedade.
DLTD: Dynamic linear threshold model with decay for influence spread
Authors: Wu Xunlian , Sun Peng Gang , Quan Yining , Miao Qiguang
Published: June 2022

Influence propagates more widely over social networks, and strongly affects people’s thoughts, opinions, even behaviors in human livings. Influence spread is a more complicated problem that makes the modeling of this process even more challenging. The linear threshold (LT) model provides a simple way to describe the problem. However, this model neglects the decay of individuals’ influence as time lapses. This paper develops a dynamic linear threshold model with decay (DLTD) in which influence decays based on three strategies: (1) random decay, (2) linear decay, and (3) nonlinear decay. The results on real-world datasets show that compared with the LT model, the DLTD tends to be more accurate especially the decay with a linear function, and more concentrated to converge to the ground-truth as the size of seed set increases. We also observe that our model is more stable to the networks’ structures. Furthermore, an interesting fifinding indicates that the balance between community structures’ internal links and external links is more effective for influence spread.
Optical Field Recovery in the Jones Space
Authors: Wu Qi
Published: June 2022

 Optical full-field recovery makes it possible to compensate fiber impairments such as chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in the digital signal processing. Coherent detection dominates over the long-haul transmission system due to its high spectral efficiency and tolerance against optical impairments. For cost-sensitive short-reach optical networks, some advanced single-polarization (SP) optical field recovery schemes are recently proposed to avoid chromatic dispersion-induced power fading effect, and improve the spectral efficiency for larger potential capacity. Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) can further double both the spectral efficiency and the system capacity of these SP carrier-assisted direct detection (DD) schemes. However, the so-called polarization fading phenomenon induced by random polarization rotation is a fundamental obstacle to exploit the polarization diversity for carrier-assisted DD systems. In this paper, we propose a receiver of Jones-space field recovery (JSFR) to realize polarization diversity with SP carrier-assisted DD schemes in the Jones space. There different receiver structures of proposed JSFR and the simplification for JSFR are explored theoretically. The proposed JSFR pushes the SP DD schemes towards PDM without no extra optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalty. In addition, the JSFR shows good tolerance to PMD since the optical field recovery is conducted before polarization recovery. In the concept-of-proof experiment, we demonstrate 448-Gb/s reception over 80-km single-mode fiber using the proposed JSFR based on 2×2 couplers. Qualitatively, we compare the optical field recovery in the Jones space and Stokes space from the perspective of the modulation dimension. 
Relative Entropy Regularized Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Continuous Actions
Authors: Shang Zhiwei , Li Renxing , Zheng Chunhua , Li Huiyun , Cui Yunduan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel reinforcement learning (RL) approach, continuous dynamic policy programming (CDPP) is proposed to tackle the issues of both learning stability and sample efficiency in the current RL methods with continuous actions.

The proposed method naturally extends the relative entropy regularization from the value function-based framework to the actor-critic (AC) framework of deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) to stabilize the learning process in continuous action space. It tackles the intractable softmax operation over continuous actions in the critic by Monte Carlo estimation and explores the practical advantages of the Mellowmax operator. A Boltzmann sampling policy is proposed to guide the exploration of actor following the relative entropy regularized critic.

Evaluated by several benchmark tasks, the proposed method clearly illustrates the positive impact of the relative entropy regularization including efficient exploration behavior and stable policy update in RL with continuous action space and successfully outperforms the related baseline approach in both sample efficiency and learning stability.
Microstrip Fed Broadband mm-Wave Patch Antenna for Mobile Applications
Authors: wang kun , Kornprobst Jonas , Eibert Thomas F.
Published: June 2022

A novel design of a broadband mm-wave patch antenna for mobile devices is introduced. The proposed antenna element operates around 40 GHz. Through utilizing a multiple resonances patch structure, 9% bandwidth has been obtained. The substrate consists of low cost material and the antenna with its microstrip feed can easily be integrated with frontend circuits. Two parasitic patches are implemented to reduce the directivity of the antenna, which leads to a wide receiving angular range and makes the antenna suitable for specified mobile applications.
Improving Active Elements of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
Authors: Khalil Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) panel is composed of many independent Reflected Elements (RE) where one of its possible realisations is based on a binary passive load impedance connected with an antenna element. The received signal at the RE (incident signal) is reflected after adjusting its phase along with a unity (or less) reflection coefficient depending on the selected phase-shifter. Recent RIS works have exploited Reflection Amplifiers (RA) to compensate for the losses incurred in one of the binary phase-shift states, where most of the current active RIS studies rely on the concept of “on/off” RA. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy for continuously activating the RA to increase the reflected signal power regardless of the selected phase-shifter path. In order to benchmark the performance of the proposed scheme, we evaluate two scenarios for activating the RIS pane; (i) In the first, denoted as Sc1, the RA only works to compensate for high-impudence phase-shifter, and (ii) in the second scenario, denoted as Sc2, the RA runs continuously regardless of the phase-shifter impedance. Different attributes are compared, including Signal-to-noise ratio, insertion loss, noise figure, communication range, and power-added efficiency. To verify the results of the proposed method, an oscillator topology is used to design a practical RA using RF circuit simulation. It is found that the proposed scheme in Sc2 increases the gain of the RIS reflection, which leads to better overall performance than the Sc1 scenario.
Wideband Audio Waveform Evaluation Networks: Efficient, Accurate Estimation of Speech Qualities
Authors: Catellier Andrew , Voran Stephen
Published: June 2022

Wideband Audio Waveform Evaluation Networks (WAWEnets) are convolutional neural networks that operate directly on wideband audio waveforms in order to produce evaluations of those waveforms. In the present work these evaluations give qualities of telecommunications speech (e.g., noisiness, intelligibility, overall speech quality). WAWEnets are no-reference networks because they do not require “reference” (original or undistorted) versions of the waveforms they evaluate. Our initial WAWEnet publication introduced four WAWEnets and each emulated the output of an established full-reference speech quality or intelligibility estimation algorithm.

We have updated the WAWEnet architecture to be more efficient and effective. Here we present a single WAWEnet that closely tracks seven different quality and intelligibility values. We create a second network that additionally tracks four subjective speech quality dimensions. We offer a third network that focuses on just subjective quality scores and achieves very high levels of agreement. This work has leveraged 334 hours of speech in 13 languages, over two million full-reference target values and over 93,000 subjective mean opinion scores.

We also interpret the operation of WAWEnets and identify the key to their operation using the language of signal processing: ReLUs strategically move spectral information from non-DC components into the DC component. The DC values of 96 output signals define a vector in a 96-D latent space and this vector is then mapped to a quality or intelligibility value for the input waveform.
Mixed RIS-Relay NOMA-Based RF-UOWC Systems
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed ELsayed Mohamed , Samir Ahmed , A.Aziz El-Banna Ahmad , Khan Wali Ullah , Chatzinotas Symeon , M. ElHalawany Basem
Published: June 2022

 Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) are paradigms of technologies that drive the development of next generation communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a NOMA-based RIS-assisted hybrid radio frequency (RF) UOWC system. The ship works as a relay that redirects the received signal to two underwater destinations simultaneously. Due to the interruption of the direct link between the base station and the ship floating on the surface of the water, communication will be carried out via an RIS fixed to an intermediate building. In this paper, we provide new analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), asymptotic analyses of the OP, and diversity order (D) to gain insights into the system performance. The results showed that the diversity order depends on the UOWC receiver detection technique. In the end, we illustrated that the NOMA-based RIS-assisted system significantly improves the outage performance of hybrid RF-UWOC systems over a benchmark system.

 
On the Use of the First-Person Pronoun ‘we’ in Final-Year Master Projects of South Algerian EFL Students
Authors: Bachir Bouhania
Published: June 2022

Literature on the use of the first-person pronoun in abstracts and conclusion sections of final-year projects is limited. In case of Algerian Master students, it is too scant. The present paper aims at filling this gap through a study concerned with students’ and engagement in their final projects (memoirs). This quantitative study examines the use of “we” and its various types, “our- us-I, my, the researcher” in memoirs chosen at random from the d-space portal of the University of Adrar, southern Algeria. Sixty-five papers, submitted in the fields of Linguistics or didactics between 2015 and 2020 and representing nearly half of the whole memoirs’ depository at the library’s d-space, constituted the corpus of study. The descriptive analytical analysis of the findings has shown that the pronouns “we” (exclusive), “our” (inclusive), and the ambiguous “us” are highly employed in general conclusions (GCs) than they are in abstracts. The results clearly suggested that the students’ use of the personal pronouns in GCs rather than in abstracts reflects their awareness to their implications in the paper not only as writers, but also as main researchers, thinkers and interpreters. The conclusions and interpretations have ultimately called for further studies with regard to their pedagogical and academic significance.
The Degree to which Islamic Education Teachers Employ the Strategy of Directed Discovery in Teaching to Develop Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Mohammed Yousif Ahmed Elsanosi
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to know the degree to which Islamic education teachers employ the strategy of directed discovery in teaching to develop higher thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) among sixth-grade students at the basic stage in East Nile Province, Khartoum State - Sudan. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method, and adopted a questionnaire that consisted of (15) indicators representing the skills of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as a tool of the study. A random sample of (175) Islamic education teachers was selected, from the Department of Basic Education. The data were analyzed according to the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the results of the study have shown that the use of the directed discovery strategy by Islamic education teachers came (with a medium degree) in the axes of the indicators of the tool (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation), as well as in its calculation of their averages concerned with the three skills. This requires much more attention to be given to the employment of the directed discovery. As such a strategy help students to develop their skills and solve the problems they face. The researcher has recommended the necessity of creating applications and programs that help Islamic education teachers to develop their teaching capabilities using new and advanced methods of teaching, in order to raise their competencies and develop their students' higher thinking skills.
Factors Affecting the Students' Choice of a Major at King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Jamilh Ayman Mohammed Omar Mathboot  , Wejdan Ahmed Al-Qarni  , Maryam Ibrahim Ghabban
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed at examining the factors that affect the choice of A major among a sample of BA fe(male) students at the levels 3-8 in King Abdulaziz University (KAU), in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. To meet this objective, a descriptive survey method was used together with a questionnaire that consisted of 4 axes to answer the central question: What are the factors affecting the choice of a major at the university? Results have shown that the item that measured the students’ ability to choose the major ranked (First); it was concerned with the effect on the students' choice of his/her major in the university. On the last position and with respect to this effect came the professional tendencies and desires. Results have also shown that there were other differences of a statistical significance in favor of a literary major on the four axes of the questionnaire. Besides, there were no differences between the two sexes regarding the choice of a university major. The study has recommended the need for boosting the role of students' awareness, and  holding workshops and cultural courses after joining college, as well as introducing majors, their fields and the application of a professional tendency scale in the preparatory stage in the university.
Cognitive Motive of the Kindergarten Child
Authors: Susan Abdulla Mohamed  , Jameela Raheem Abd
Published: June 2022

Encouraging children towards the cognitive motivation through the discovery and knowledge of the environment around them is essential. Thus, during the two researchers’ supervision of the practical lessons that involved the female students’ application of their experience in the Applied Kindergarten Laboratory, it has been noticed that there was a difference in the cognitive motivation of kindergarten children. In order to reinforce the research problem, the two researchers sent an open questionnaire to a sample of randomly selected kindergarten teachers from Al-Karkh and Al-Rasafa sides. The responses collected accentuated the researchers’ sense of the existing problem. To achieve the aim of the study represented by examining the kindergarten child’s cognitive motive, and the differences of the motive in terms of gender variable (male, female), a sample of (150) (males, females) children of an age ranging between (5-6) years of the preliminary stage was selected. The sample was randomly selected from the governmental kindergartens in Baghdad from its two sides Karkh and Rusafa. The two researchers prepared a triple alternatives measure of cognitive motive, which consisted of (45) items divided into two fields. The first field that was concerned with knowing the environment that surrounds the child consisted of (26) items, whereas the second field, which is about problem solving, consisted of (19) items. The results have shown that kindergartens children have a cognitive motive. To achieve the validity of the test, the researchers relied on the logic and constructive validity indicators. Moreover, to estimate the reliability of the study, Cronbach Alpha was adopted. The study have concluded that  there were no statistically significant differences between the male/female variable with respect to the cognitive motive.
The Chicago School in Urban Sociology: A Socio-Historical Approach on the Pragmatic Thought Influence as a Theoretical Frame of Reference in it-1892-2020
Authors: Mahir Abdulwahid Aziz
Published: June 2022

The present theoretical study analyzes the legacy of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology and evaluates it in the light of the growth and development of Chicago City and the establishment of sociology in it. Sociology has become an academic discipline recognized in the United States of America in the late nineteenth century, particularly, after the establishment of the first department of sociology in the University of Chicago in 1892. That was during the period of the rapid industrialization and sustainable growth of the Chicago City. The Chicago School relied on Chicago City in particular, as one of the American cities that grew and expanded rapidly in the first two decades of the twentieth century. At the end of the nineteenth century, the city witnessed the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from Europe and South America. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the heritage of the Chicago School in depth, focusing on its origin, genesis, and development of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology. It also sheds light on  its emergence and dominance over the American academic edifice in the first two decades of the twentieth century. The study further aims to investigate the role of the pragmatic thought in the growth and development of this school as a prominent scientific edifice among all American universities. The golden age of this school and the creativity of its pioneers of the scholars continued until the mid-forties. Thus, the study is to explain the causes of its decline after the mid-forties of the last century. Then, it evaluates the reality of this school after the forties until the first two decades of the current millennium. The study concluded that although much of the urban sociology tradition in the Chicago School and its deeply rooted sub-fields was and remains important, constituting a centre to this discipline, this does not mean that the styles and methods of studies conducted under the Chicago School umbrella should be applied to the urban life of today’s cities. This is due to their inadequacy with the reality of urban life in industrial cities today. That is in return is because of the radical transformations at all levels, including economic, social, political and cultural, as well as the modern communication technologies that have changed the face of the world through what is called today globalization.
Gender and Urban Studies as an Interactive Approach and Integrated Curriculum
Authors: Zahraa Imad Hussain Al-Hussaini
Published: June 2022

The integration of gender in urban studies is considered a goal and objective to build a society characterized by justice and equality. It further allows all its residents to enjoy the opportunities to live in a safe urban life. Based on the that, the limitations of the research and its field of interest related to the relationship between gender and urban studies have become clear. The insufficient knowledge in this regard considers gender as a concept that does not exist in itself, but rather overlaps and intersects with several concepts and studies, including urban studies. Thus, it has become necessary to adopt a descriptive methodology that helps reach a theoretical framework to explain the beginnings of such an interaction and integration between the two concepts. Such a step in return helps clarify the chronology of a number of conferences and their role in shedding light on gender issues focusing on the 2030 agenda. This is because such agenda is related to the near future and obligates all countries to achieve their goals where gender is one of them. Accordingly, the present work poses the question: Are gender studies and urban studies reciprocal and collaborative? The research ends with a set of conclusions, such as: the gender analysis of urban issues provides new insights and an explicit introduction to the study of gender and its effects in urban studies. They further illustrate the role of such insights on the development and prosperity of these cities to be suitable for all. The research has recommended integrating gender-sensitive planning strategies, as they represent a key factor to policy makers, urban planners, and designers in their policies, programs and decision-making processes. They also help create a sustainable and inclusive urban development.
Indigenous Sand Drawings as Predictors of the Cell Response to Nanoparticle Therapy
Authors: Uskokovic Vuk
Published: June 2022

A technique for predicting the response of cells and tissues to a physicochemical stimulus without the use of expensive molecular markers and at time points before any morphological changes can be visibly spotted would be a meaningful addendum to the current set of bioimaging tools. One such method was developed here based on correlating transformed distance matrices of populations of cultured cells and digital checkerboard patterns derived from traditional central African drawings in the sand. Similarity measurements were made at an early time point in the therapy administered to bone cancer cells in the form of composite magnetic nanoparticles. At this early of a time point, the cell viability was mildly reduced, but no gross alterations to the cell morphology or density were visible yet. Similarity score evaluation demonstrated a significantly higher degree of similarity between the patterns derived from the sand drawings and the cells subjected to the treatment than between the former patterns and the untreated cell controls. The treated cells produced more ordered and symmetric patterns than the control ones after the processing of their pairwise distant matrices, explaining their better geometric correlation with the ancestral sand arabesques, which were monolinear and commonly comprised multiple mirror planes and rotational symmetry axes. This has suggested that the course of the therapy could be predicted by a relatively simple comparison between raw optical images of cells and indigenous ideographs using the metrics postulated here. The interdisciplinary method developed in this study may prove applicable for in situ monitoring of the response of cells and tissues to various therapies, allowing for the early indications of adverse effects to be noticed based on the simple optical observations of cells and acted upon before the progression toward nonviable states becomes irreversible. The method elaborated here may also provide an impetus for a broader search for solutions to problems plaguing the modern medicine outside of the scope of its mainstream analytical frameworks and in the ancestral heritage of relatively obscure ethnic traditions.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI PEMILIK DAN PENGETAHUAN AKUNTANSI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI (Studi Kasus Pada UMKM Jagung Goreng Air Panas Semurup)
Authors: Surya Tiara Lilis
Published: June 2022

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the perception and accounting knowledge of business owners in the use of accounting information by testing each variable. Through this research, it can be seen how the perception and accounting knowledge of MSME owners are. The object of research is the Fried Corn UMKM in Semurup Hot Water Village, this UMKM was chosen because this fried corn business is a home business which is a business that is characteristic of the Semurup Hot Air Village community. The analytical model used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis model which was carried out with the help of the SPSS version 20 computer program for windows. The independent variable in this study is the use of accounting information, while the dependent variable is the perception and knowledge of accounting. The type of data used is primary data. The results of this study prove that there is no effect of perception on the use of accounting information, and there is an effect of accounting knowledge on the use of accounting information.
Book publishing in Kyiv: 1917—1920
Authors: Vaskivska Olga
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted activity of the Kyiv publishing cells and book products to given out by them in the years of Ukrainian revolution. The problem of becoming of national knigovidannya in Kyiv and providing of wide circle of readers is broken by book editions. On the basis of analysis of that time events investigational activity of publishing cells which worked in Kyiv and did ponderable payment in the matter of erecting of publishing business.

The article is based on the archived materials and last researches in the sphere of publishing matter of years of Ukrainian revolution. The scantily explored pages of history of book matter of Kyiv are reflected and extended a spring base of researches in the area of cultural achievements of our people. Previously unknown factual material was introduced into scientific circulation, in particular documents on the activities of some Kyiv publishing houses, quantitative indicators on the issue of book editions of this period, which contributes to the reproduction of the objective history of book publishing in Ukraine.
Russia-Ukraine of Grand duchess Olga: next to two empires and between two religions
Authors: Perunin Volodymyr
Published: June 2022

On the map of continental Europe, for the first time without hemorrhage, there was a huge state of the early Middle Ages. The names of tribes and peoples disappeared, a single people was created, and the name of the country was established, which came from the fictional, generalized name of the idolatrous invaders - warriors-navigators from Scandinavia, known as the dews. Grand Duchess Olga, a Slavic, early Christian, joined them to the One God [41, p. 191—192, 206; 42, p. 188—189]. And they became Kyivites, they served four generations of rulers: Olga, her son Svyatoslav, grandson Volodymyr and great-grandson Yaroslav.
Impact of Pharmacist Assisted Patient Counselling in Improving Medication Adherence and Quality of Life in Epileptic Patients
Authors: T Tamilselvan, , Menon Aathira G , Vijayan Aishwarya Sudha , Pradosh Anupama , Thomas Haritha
Published: June 2022

The objective was to assess the impact of patient counselling on quality of life and medication adherence. A prospective interventional observational study was conducted. Demographics and other relevant data were documented. Medication adherence and Quality of life were evaluated using the Medication adherence scale and Quality of life in epilepsy -31 questionnaire respectively. Multivariate analysis with a Chi-square test was used to observe the association between different variables and Antiepileptic drug adherence. We also evaluated the correlation coefficient between socio-demographic factors and Quality of life in epilepsy-31 sub-scales. Among 109 epilepsy patients, 17 patients had a high level of adherence, 52 patients with medium adherence, and 40 patients with low adherence to Anti-epileptic drug therapy. The mean (Standard deviation) score of the first and second follow-up of the Medication adherence scale was 4.50(1.80) and 5.23 (1.29) respectively which showed significant improvement in adherence. However, no significant difference was observed between adherence and gender, marital status, past medical history, family history, and social functioning. Significant changes were seen in the quality of life during follow-up. This study found that the majority of patients with epilepsy have optimal rates of Anti-epileptic drug therapy adherence and that forgetfulness is the primary reason for nonadherence among patients with epilepsy.
Family Duties to Prevent Hypertension
Authors: Andala Sri , Fitria Nanda , Mursal Mursal , Rizana Novia , Sari Trisna , Suryawati Ida , Haytami Abul Gani
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause complications in patients. For this reason, efforts are needed to prevent hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine how the family's duties in preventing hypertension. This study uses a descriptive research design. The population in the study amounted to 206 families. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample of 67 people. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The results of univariate data analysis showed that the majority of the implementation of family tasks in preventing hypertension was in the good category (64.2%). Family tasks in recognizing hypertension problems in the good category (61.2%), making decisions in taking care actions in the good category (50.7%), caring for family members with hypertension in the good category (53.7%), modifying the health environment about in the good category (62.7%), and utilizing health service facilities in the good category (61.2%). It can be concluded that the implementation of family tasks in preventing hypertension is in a good category so it is recommended for respondents to motivate and remind family members who have hypertension to take hypertension drugs regularly and check blood pressure regularly with the aim of preventing hypertension and preventing complications due to hypertension.