bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of internal tourism and hospitality in Ukraine
Authors: Kostynets Valeriia , Kostynets Iuliia , Korneyev Maxim , Nebaba Nataliia , Sopin Evgen
Published: February 2022

Considering the processes of the tourism services market development, the study aims to determine the patterns of development of internal tourism and hospitality industry in Ukraine based on the use of a cluster approach. This approach provides an opportunity to implement an effective public policy regarding the development of individual tourism clusters and tourism market in general. It is proved that in the process of cluster management of tourism market, it is important to determine means and methods of targeted state influence, including levers of influence of local authorities, to effectively develop the cluster system of tourism destinations in Ukraine. It is noted that cluster management of tourism market and its hospitality sector is a system of relations between authorities and businesses to increase the competitiveness of the national tourism product through the formation and development of tourism and hospitality clusters. Also, the development of internal tourism and hospitality in Ukraine were modeled. According to the results of the study, the principles of development of internal tourism and hospitality in Ukraine based on cluster management are established.
Changes in actual evapotranspiration and its dominant drivers across the Three-River Source Region of China during 1982–2014
Authors: Xie Jingkai , Liu Li , Wang Yitong , Xu Yue-Ping , Chen Hao
Published: February 2022

Evapotranspiration is an essential element of the hydrological process. This study derived the long-term series of evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2014 over the three basins, namely source regions of the Yangtze River (SRYR), the Huang River (SRHR) and the Lancang River (SRLR) in the Three-River Source Region of China by integrating multiple sources of evapotranspiration estimates based on the Bayesian model averaging approach, which made full use of the strengths of land surface models and satellite-based products to constrain uncertainties. Then, we analyzed the influences of climate change on evapotranspiration based on the partial least squares regression model. Results indicate that (1) the agreement between various evapotranspiration products and water balance-derived evapotranspiration estimates varies from region to region in the Three-River Source Region of China; (2) annual evapotranspiration increases in the SRYR (3.3±0.8 mm/yr) and the SRHR (0.8±0.4 mm/yr), whereas no significant trends are observed in the SRLR during 1982–2014; (3) annual evapotranspiration is found most sensitive to precipitation and temperature in the SRYR and the SRHR, while it is dominated by relative humidity and temperature in the SRLR during 1982–2014. Our results have important implications for understanding evapotranspiration variability and future water security in the context of global climate change.
Some Highlights of the Use of Biological Methods in the Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles
Authors: Knight David W. , Trown Emma L.
Published: February 2022

This review aims to summarize significant advances made in the past decade or so in the use of enzymic methods in the synthesis of saturated N-heterocycles. The search has revealed three significant areas, each with a particular limitation, usually associated with the production of one enantiomer only. The three areas are the use of aldolases, of arene oxidations by a mutant Pseudomonas putida strain and yeast reductions of β-keto-esters. The use of lipases also have made notable contributions to the area as have some much more specialized methods, which are also briefly summarized.
Combinatorial libraries: studies in molecular recognition
Authors: Nestler H. Peter , Liu Ruiping
Published: February 2022

In recent years, combinatorial libraries have become a major tool for drug discovery and drug development. Along the way, one potential use of combinatorial chemistry libraries almost been neglected: the basic study of intermolecular interactions. Especially "one-bead-one-structure" libraries can be a powerful means for the discovery of ligands to synthetic receptors and vice versa. Encoded combinatorial libraries have been used to disclose ligands for well designed macrocyclic host molecules and to elucidate their specificities for peptide sequences. These studies led via receptors with more flexibility to simple host molecules without elaborate design that are accessible to combinatorial synthesis. These findings open a realm of possibilities and applications. An intriguing one is the development of chemical sensors for analytes that are otherwise hard or only unspecifically detected. Furthermore, such libraries and the techniques that were developed to handle them have been used to find new catalysts and enzyme mimics.

In this review we put the emphasis on studies involving "one-bead-one-structure" libraries. We will review the techniques to generate them, to encode and analyze them, and to assay them. We will describe their past usage and the intriguing results of these studies and point out interesting new applications of such libraries for the study of non-covalent intermolecular interactions.
A combinatorial approach to new DNA minor groove binders
Authors: Behrens Carsten , Nielsen Peter E.
Published: February 2022

A combinatorial approach towards new DNA minor groove binders capable of recognizing GC base pairs is reported. From a partly AT--biased library of 5832 different octapeptides of the type Py-Py-X1-X2-X3-Py-Py-gamma Abu synthesized following the one bead one compound methodology, two compounds containing the central peptide sequences Val-beta Ala-Tyr and Pip-beta Ala-Tyr were selected by a fluorescence--double stranded DNA probing assay using the sequence 5'-TTTGTTT-3' as the probe. The two hits were independently synthesized and binding to a recombinant pUC-19 EcoRl/Pvull DNA restriction fragment containing the sequence 5'-TTTGTTT-3' demonstrated. Binding constants to eight targets in the DNA fragment were estimated from quantitative DNAse I footprinting.
The Properties of Resin Supports and Their Effects on Solid­ Phase Organic Synthesis
Authors: Van Bing
Published: February 2022

Solvated resin supports are important carriers for solid-phase organic synthesis in combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput parallel synthesis. The physical properties of resin, resin swelling and dynamic solvation, effects of solvated supports on synthesis, kinetics, site interaction, and product purity are reviewed. Selective solvation of resin alters the local reactivity and accessibility of the bound substrate and the mobility of the entrapped reagent. Resin solvation changes during the course of the reaction when the attached substrate changes its polarity or other physicochemical properties. Selective adsorption determines the reaction kinetics and the action of a phase-transfer catalyst further improves the reaction on resin. Sites interact with each other in 1% DVB polystyrene resins to varying degrees depending on solvent, resin, and reactivity of the pendant groups. Total site isolation seems only achievable by controlling several factors simultaneously such as lower loading and steric hindrance. Through the proper selection of resin and solvent, alternating solvents to accommodate dynamic solvation of the resin, optimization of kinetics when changing solid supports and a careful control of resin impurities, solid-phase organic synthesis can lead to high quality combinatorial libraries.
Recycling of Rare Earths
Authors: Fisher David
Published: February 2022

The recycling of rare earth elements is one of the great challenges for establishing a green economy. Rare earths play an essential role in a great many high-tech products and processes: electronic display screens , computer monitors, cell phones, rechargeable batteries, high-strength magnets, catalytic converters, fluorescent lamps etc. Recycling these materials not only results in valuable materials for new products; it also helps in reducing mountains of discarded products. The recycling methods discussed include bioleaching, biosorption, siderophores, algae and seaweed. carbon-based nanomaterials, silica, pyrometallurgy, electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, solvent extraction and the use of various absorbents. The book references 253 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
Porous Membrane and their Applications
Authors: Swain S.K.
Published: February 2022

Porous membranes have several uses in separation technology. This chapter basically explored various fabrication routes of different types of porous membranes and their applications in industrial and biomedical fields. The urgent need of a low cost perfect membrane needs to be optimised with good mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. This chapter focuses on producing porous polymeric/ceramic membranes with nano/submicron holes using block copolymer self-assembly, track etching, 3D printing, nanoimprinting, lithography, and electrospinning, etc. Porous polymeric/ceramic membranes are used in separation techniques in various industries, drug administration, bioseparation, and biosensing. The effect of membrane material, pore shape and size towards the membrane performance for various technological challenges are thoroughly discussed.
Advanced Functional Membranes for Energy Applications
Authors: Kavitha E.
Published: February 2022

Global warming has become a serious threat to the environment as well as human life. The application of renewable and green energy sources has been emphasized in recent years to overcome the energy demand and save the environment. As a competent alternative to renewable energy sources, membrane-based energy generation has attracted the attention of researchers. In the past few decades, the application of advanced functional membranes in green energy production has gained importance. The application of polyelectrolyte membranes in fuel cells has become an emerging technology due to high proton conductivity, excellent thermal, chemical stability, and mechanical strength. Pressure retarded osmosis is also one of the membrane-based energy generation techniques which have been upgraded with significant developments. The various polymeric membranes, both inorganic and organic, have been employed in the energy production processes. In the past few years, the application of biopolymeric membranes made up of chitosan blends has shown excellent progress. The storage of energy also plays an equivalent role in energy production. The application of membranes has a vital role in energy storage batteries. This chapter deals with all the advanced functional membranes for energy production and storage.
Relevance of education policy and implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Bangkara B.M.A.S. Anaconda , Pattiasina Petrus Jacob , Fatmawati Endang , Heryani Ani , Damayanto Antono
Published: February 2022

Every development in a country certainly requires a set of policies to be implemented, including the education sector. This study aims to obtain evidence of scientific studies regarding the relevance of educational policy formulation to implementation in the field. A series of related literature searches in many journals, publications, books, and websites actively discuss education policy and implementation issues to support this study. We can use this data as finding data after going through a series of studies involving a critical evaluation data coding system and concluding after interpreting the data in-depth under a phenomenological approach. The data is genuinely valid and up-to-date. Based on the results of the study and discussion of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of education policy is an action that is closely related to how the administration of education is carried out with full responsibility following the programmed mandate of the constitution, the aim of which is to improve qualified and stately accountable education. It is hoped that this finding will become an essential input for efforts to develop similar studies in future research events.
Uma proposta de unidade didática de português como língua estrangeira com base na noção bakhtiniana de gêneros do discurso
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo apresenta uma proposta de unidade didática para a disciplina “Leitura Extensiva em Língua Portu-guesa” da Universidade de Comunicação da China, buscando colocar em prática o ensino de línguas com base na noção bakhtiniana de gênero do discurso. Espera-se que a proposta possa inspirar a elaboração de materiais didáticos de língua portuguesa para aprendizes chineses, bem como orientar as práticas em sala de aula com vistas a preparar alunos chineses a agir com autonomia e confiança em contextos de comunicação em português
Os Deuses foram honrados : o contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto da ocupação romana da Beira Interior Portuguesa
Authors: Ferreira Daniela Filipa de Freitas
Published: February 2022

The understanding of religious manifestations is assumed as one of the most relevant studies in the dynamics inherent to the process of acculturation occurred between indigenous and Romans in the Portuguese territory. The primary source for this view lies with the votive epigraphy, understood as a provider of divine names, rituals of worship, models of worshiping and forms of thought organization. The Portuguese Beira Interior, possessor a large number of epigraphic testimonies and repository of a remarkable diversity of theonyms and unique words in the region, appears as a singular area for the study of indigenous religious expressions and, consequently, for the study of pre-Roman communities. Taking into account this singularity and based on the joint analysis of the sum of votive monuments dedicated to indigenous deities; we have formulated a proposal of organization of the pre-Roman religious pantheon based on the degree of exclusivity from the theonyms recorded in the region under study. The ultimate goal focused the understanding of regionalism and religious thought established between the different deities, and the organization, in consequence, of the apparent disorder subsequent to such a marked diversity of theonyms. The result of this interpretation has expressed in the individualization of theonyms only mentioning in Beira Interior, in the particularization of regional theonyms which confirm to the possibility of a votive pantheon extended to adjacent regions, and in the distinction of these specifications in relation to a wider geographical scope of theonyms, i.e., in relation to the designations of the divine, widely represented in the rest of Hispanic territory. The proposed organization allowed us to perceive specific geographical areas of each of these groups, thus contributing to the definition of the fields of action of each evoked deities and the consequent definition of their attributes
Zin en onzin van een strijdblad
Authors: Verdoodt Frans-Jos
Published: February 2022

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Evaluation and Management of Main Bacterial Infections in Premature Infants
Authors: Cho Kee Hyun
Published: February 2022

Infection and sepsis in preterm infants are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Compared with full-term infants, preterm infants are more susceptible to infection owing to their distinct immune function, prolonged hospitalization, and higher likelihood of undergoing invasive procedures. Timely recognition and intervention are the key factors for good prognosis. This requires rapid and accurate diagnosis and empirical antibiotics against the pathogen based on each neonatal intensive care unit's epidemiology. Judicious anti biotics use is important following accurate identification of the causative pathogen. Simultaneous supportive management such as breast feeding should be encouraged to improve an infant’s defense mechanism. In essence, prevention is paramount because sepsis is known to contribute to significant neuro­developmental sequelae. Thorough understanding of immune function, good diagnostic protocol, appropriate antibiotics management, and strict preventive strategies may improve short- and long-term outcomes in premature infants.
Controllable Cyclopalladated Polythiophene Imine Monolayer by Self-Assembly, Hybrid Doping and Electrochemical Polymerization: A Simple Way to Enhance Activity and Stability
Authors:   College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P.R. China, Huang Louguangshu , Liu Hui ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan Province, P.R. China, Xue Xiaoxia ,   College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P.R. China, Zhao Wuduo ,   College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P.R. China, Li Tiesheng ,   College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P.R. China
Published: February 2022

In this article, an approach to generate self-assembly cyclopalladated polythiophene imine monolayers (denoted as ITO@Pd-CPTIMs) is described. The monolayers were fabricated by combining self-assembly (SA), hybrid doping (HD), and electrochemical polymerization (ECP) called SA-HD-ECP. The catalytic activity and stability of the polymerized monolayers in the Suzuki coupling reaction were improved by modulating the structure and morphology in hybrid doping using different thiophene derivatives, concentrations, and scanning numbers during electrochemical polymerization. Morphological changes in the catalytic surface associated with catalytic activity were investigated. ITO@Pd-PTF could improve catalytic activity with a higher TON value (45000 mol/molcat) and attain recycling ability at least 10 times.
Persuasive Technology in an mHealth App Designed for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Among Women: Systematic Review
Authors: Jaffar Aida , Tan Chai-Eng , Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Admodisastro Novia , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: February 2022

Background

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is one of the first-line treatments for stress urinary incontinence among pregnant women. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is potentially effective for delivering PFMT to pregnant women. Persuasive technology in the development of such mobile apps may facilitate behavior change by improving adherence to the exercises. The Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) model is potentially useful in selecting the appropriate interventions to be incorporated into the apps.

Objective

This review of mHealth apps for PFMT aims to describe the principles of persuasion used for each app and to propose mHealth app design features based on the COM-B model.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted to answer three main research questions: what are the available mHealth apps for PFMT in the published literature, what persuasive strategies were used in their studies how were they mapped to the COM-B model, and how effective were the selected persuasive strategies for PFMT adherence? We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and local Malaysian databases such as MyCite and MyMedR for articles reporting mHealth apps used for the delivery of PFMT. We included original articles reporting experimental and cross-sectional studies, including pilot or feasibility trials. Systematic and narrative reviews were excluded. Narrative and thematic syntheses were conducted on the eligible articles based on the research questions. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies were used to assess study bias.

Results

Of the 169 records from the initial search, 10 (5.9%) articles meeting the selection criteria were included in this review. There were 8 mHealth apps designed for the delivery of PFMT. The Tät, which used 3 categories of persuasive system design, improved PFMT adherence and was cost-effective. Only 1 app, the iBall app, used all categories of persuasive system design, by including social support such as "competition" in its design. The Diário Saúde app was the only app developed using operant conditioning. All apps incorporated Tailoring and Expertise as part of their PSD strategies. Only 3 apps, the Diário Saúde, Tät, and Pen Yi Kang demonstrated improved PFMT adherence.

Conclusions

Persuasive technology used in mobile apps may target desired behavior change more effectively. The persuasive system design can be mapped to the COM-B model to explain its effectiveness on behaviour change outcomes.
Surveillance Evaluation for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, Sana'a city, Yemen, 2021
Authors: Mahsoon Manal Abdo , Al Amad Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Background

Due to the war and limited access to health facilities, the surveillance of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) has been expanded to include all hospitals since 2017.

Objective

We aimed to assess the usefulness of SARI surveillance in Sana’a city and to assess its performance in terms of attributes.

Methods

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guideline was used for evaluating surveillance systems. Four qualitative attributes, including stability, simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability, and data quality as a quantitative attribute were assessed. An in-depth interview with stakeholders at the central level and self-administered questionnaires with 5 Likert scales and a register review at the peripheral level were used for collecting data. Scores for indicators were used to calculate the total gained scores for each attribute and percentages for ranking them as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), good (80% to <90%), and excellent (≥90%).

Results

SARI surveillance was useful and obtained a total gained score of 94%. The overall performance of the five attributes was average (64%). It was good (82%) at the central level where flexibility was excellent (93%) and stability was average (72%). The performance at the peripheral level was poor (51%); simplicity (61%) and acceptability (74%) were average, and the data quality was poor (20%).

Conclusions

Expanding SARI surveillance with a lack of staff training, central communication, and supervision might be the main reason for its weak performance at the peripheral level. Supporting SARI program activities and selecting SARI reporting sites and the surveillance team at each site based on World Health Organization criteria are highly recommended.
Effectiveness of Vaccination: Hospital Admission and Length of Stay (Preprint)
Authors: Aldamen Tareq , Asad Majed , Yaqoub Mahmoud , Alhawaratt Mohammad , Aqel Ashraf , M Asad Mohammad
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 vaccinations were first met with public hesitancy. There are some debates about the vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing hospital admissions or length of stay.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to compare the effectiveness of different vaccine statuses and types with hospital admissions and length of stay.

METHODS

Data related to hospital admissions, length of stay, the need for intensive care, and vaccination data were obtained from the Jordanian Ministry of Health.

RESULTS

A total of 17,182 hospital admissions were recorded from February 2, 2021, the earliest date a vaccinated individual who has passed the 20-day mark on the first dose was admitted with relation to COVID-19, to August 15, 2021. The mean age admitted was 53 years. From all those who were admitted, the unvaccinated group was the majority in both overall admissions (93.7% with the length of stay of 6.9 days for older groups and 8.3 days for the younger) and intensive care unit admissions for both the older and younger age groups (91.23% and 93.3%, respectively), followed by those fully vaccinated (3.4% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 4.9-6.1 with 115 admissions; AstraZeneca 10.8-5.1 with 26 admissions; Sinopharm 5.3-6.7 with 440 admissions; Sputnik 2-4 with 4 admissions) and those with only the first dose (2.5% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 7.05-7.25 with 133 admissions; AstraZeneca 7.73-7.53 with 109 admissions; Sinopharm 6.5-7.9 with 253 admissions; Sputnik 4 with 1 admission). The time between the vaccination and admission was noticeably longer after the second dose of each vaccine compared to only the first dose with the exception of AstraZeneca (Pfizer 35.4-35.73 to 46.8-79.85; AstraZeneca 48.3-50.7 to 33.4-43.4; Sinopharm 22.65-24.86 to 54-62.9; Sputnik 28 to 99.5-101.5).

CONCLUSIONS

The study showed a lower admission and shorter stay at the hospital for those who are vaccinated, indicating the ability of vaccines to reduce the burden on the health care system.
Surveillance Evaluation for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, Sana'a city, Yemen, 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Mahsoon Manal Abdo , Al Amad Mohammed
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Due to the war and limited access to health facilities, the surveillance of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) has been expanded to include all hospitals since 2017.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the usefulness of SARI surveillance in Sana’a city and to assess its performance in terms of attributes.

METHODS

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guideline was used for evaluating surveillance systems. Four qualitative attributes, including stability, simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability, and data quality as a quantitative attribute were assessed. An in-depth interview with stakeholders at the central level and self-administered questionnaires with 5 Likert scales and a register review at the peripheral level were used for collecting data. Scores for indicators were used to calculate the total gained scores for each attribute and percentages for ranking them as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), good (80% to <90%), and excellent (≥90%).

RESULTS

SARI surveillance was useful and obtained a total gained score of 94%. The overall performance of the five attributes was average (64%). It was good (82%) at the central level where flexibility was excellent (93%) and stability was average (72%). The performance at the peripheral level was poor (51%); simplicity (61%) and acceptability (74%) were average, and the data quality was poor (20%).

CONCLUSIONS

Expanding SARI surveillance with a lack of staff training, central communication, and supervision might be the main reason for its weak performance at the peripheral level. Supporting SARI program activities and selecting SARI reporting sites and the surveillance team at each site based on World Health Organization criteria are highly recommended.
Звернення головного редактора проф. І.П. Мазур
Authors: Mazur I.P.
Published: February 2022

No abstract
Що необхідно знати стоматологу в умовах пандемії СOVID-19?
Authors: Mazur I.P. , Gasyk N.V. , Popovich I.Yu. , Radchuk V.B.
Published: February 2022

Метою даної публікації є розгорнута клінічна характеристика та уніфікація захворювань слизової оболонки порожнини рота в пацієнтів, які перенесли СOVID-19, із метою підвищення ефективності надання кваліфікованої стоматологічної допомоги даному контингенту осіб у період пандемії та створення умов для безперервного професійного розвитку стоматологів. Результати. У роботі наведене аналітичне узагальнення клінічних проявів та критеріїв діагностики захворювань слизової оболонки порожнини рота в пацієнтів після перенесеного СOVID-19, що дадуть можливість стоматологу своєчасно та професійно діагностувати ці хвороби в його повсякденній практичній діяльності в умовах пандемії. Діагностовані захворювання слизової оболонки порожнини рота в пацієнтів, які перенесли СOVID-19, характеризуються різноманітністю нозологій, що ставить перед стоматологом завдання визначити доцільність їх розгляду як мультидисциплінарної проблеми, що потребує інтеграції лікарів різних фахів. Висновки. Відсутність уніфікованих підходів до першопричини змін слизової оболонки порожнини рота в даного контингенту осіб та дефіцит знань стосовно досконалих патофізіологічних механізмів персистенції СOVID-19 особливо гостро порушують питання доцільності розробки алгоритмів кваліфікованої стоматологічної допомоги таким пацієнтам в Україні та їх реалізації в щоденній практиці стоматолога в умовах карантину. Отримані результати обґрунтовують розробку необхідного алгоритму стоматологічного обстеження з урахуванням спектра діагностованих нозологічних одиниць слизової оболонки порожнини рота в пацієнтів із СOVID-19 в умовах пандемії.
NUTRACEUTICAL APPLICATION AND INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF BANANA (MUSA PARADISICA L. VARIETY “BHUSAWAL KELI”) PEELS (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Authors: ANJUM SHADMA , MISHRA PRAGYA , SUNDARAM SHANTHY
Published: February 2022

The main by-product of the banana processing industry is peel, which represents almost 30% of fruit. Naturally occurring substances are cheap, renewable, biodegradable, do not contain heavy metals or other toxic chemicals, are therefore eco-friendly and hence ecologically acceptable. The significance of banana peel has been documented over the year as an antimicrobial agent, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent, so on. Here this review highlights some other interesting facts about banana peel like its anticorrosive properties and clinical properties. Hence, this review intends to highlight the industrial utilization of banana peel. Thus, phenolic compounds and enzymes like oxalate oxidase and SOD (germin family) from banana peel can be exploited as a health supplement due to its richness in natural antioxidants coupled with medicinal applications. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial properties of banana peel make it a natural ingredient in food-grade applications. The review below highlights some of the interesting and important properties of banana peel as a corrosion inhibitor and its industrial applications likewise, in the metal, steel industry, clinical industry and food industry.
VITAMIN C AND ITS ROLE IN BODY
Authors: GUPTA RACHIT KUMAR , KUMAR SHIVANG , TRIVEDI ABHINAV , VERMA ROHAN , YOGESH
Published: February 2022

Ascorbic acid or Vitamin C is very important in our body because of its antioxidant property. But the main problem; that vitamin C uses is to maintain the stability as well as its drug distribution system. Vitamin C also plays a protective role in diabetes, cancer, heavy metal toxicity or poisoning, etc. Vitamin C is found in many sources present in nature, including tomatoes, broccoli, etc. Many factors in the body, as well as outside the body, affect the content of vitamin C in the body or sources like the season, climate, and pollution affect the content in fruits and vegetables besides sex, age, pregnancy, lactation, etc. affect the vitamin C content in the body. It is extensively used in the common cold, wound healing process, cancer, heavy metal poisoning or toxicity, and even in men's fertility. In this article, we focused on the general aspects: its bioavailability, sources, its toxicity and deficiency, and factors affecting vitamin C level as well as its use in humans. In the last, we conclude, the excess or lack of Vitamin C, both conditions have affected the human body in a significant range. It plays a protective role against many disorders and is required for kids, men, women, and even old-aged patients.
Hablar ¿ de qué, con quién, para qué?
Authors: Jiménez Llamas Emma , De Fina Anna
Published: February 2022

En el presente trabajo examinamos los factores que entran en juego en la interacción oral; indicamos algunas estrategias conversacionales que tomamos en cuenta para facilitar la comprensión y la expresión orales en español como lengua extranjera; revisamos algunos contextos de interacción oral que están a disposición de los estudiantes; exponemos los criterios lingüísticos, funcionales y socioculturales que nos guiaron en la selección de documentos y en el diseño de actividades para los cursos de Conversación; presentamos la organización del proceso de aprendizaje en la clase de conversación; hacemos, por último, un balance de los resultados obtenidos en los cursos que se han impartido.
Una definición cromática de los colores nahuas en el siglo XVI
Authors: Flores Morán Aban
Published: February 2022

Cada cultura categoriza los estímulos que perciben los sentidos de una forma particular. Estas distintas delimitaciones son evidentes en el color, ya que alrededor del mundo las culturas delimitan, nombran y simbolizan de un modo singular los matices del espectro cromático. En este artículo se definirán los colores nahuas conceptualizados en el siglo XVI, y para ello se analizará el Libro XI del Códice Florentino, en el cual se describió, en náhuatl y en español, el mundo natural. Las definiciones anotadas en este libro nos permiten conocer cómo nombraba los colores el pueblo nahua y el tono al que hacía referencia, ya que en la descripción de un animal o una planta permite relacionar la palabra empleada en náhuatl con el valor cromático al que se refiere y asignarle un valor RGB a cada tono. Por ejemplo, si en una descripción se menciona que las plumas de un ave son chichiltic, al ver un ejemplar de este animal podemos identificar el color al que hace referencia este término.

Este análisis muestra que los nahuas usaban el texotli (verde, azul y gris), el chichiltic (café, rosa, anaranjado y rojo), el coztic (amarillo, anaranjado y café claro), el tliltic (matices oscuros y negro) y el iztac (blanco y tonos claros), con lo cual definían toda la gama del espectro cromático. También existían términos que hacen alusión a un matiz específico; de estos, los casos más relevantes son el nextic (tonalidades cafés y grises) y el xoxoctic (tonalidades verdes). El análisis realizado también muestra que términos como tlaztalehualli (encarnado), xochipalli (anaranjado), camopaltic (morado) y quauhpachtli (café) son de poco uso, ya que estos matices se encuentran dentro de uno de los cinco términos básicos. Estas delimitaciones permitirán, en un trabajo futuro, vincular los términos del color con el contexto en el que se usan, y de este modo acercarnos al simbolismo de los diferentes colores.
Una nueva mirada a la semántica del verbo estar con perspectiva dialectal para profesores de ELE
Authors: Erdely Ruiz Erika
Published: February 2022

La oposición semántica y pragmática que existe entre el uso de los verbos copulativos del español ser y estar ha sido uno de los temas más complejos que enfrentan quienes desean enseñar o aprender el español como lengua extranjera. Mucho se ha dicho e investigado al respecto, pero en la actualidad aún no existe consenso sobre cómo explicar y cómo enseñar dicha diferencia. Aunado a este hecho, nos podemos encontrar con ciertos usos condicionados dialectalmente que llegan a ser percibidos como incorrectos por profesores de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) provenientes de países y variantes en los que esos usos no se dan. Esto nos lleva a cuestionarnos cuáles son exactamente los límites que nos impone el sistema de la lengua como tal, y cuáles son los límites condicionados dialectalmente.

En este artículo se propone que estar, a diferencia de ser, codifica una transición como parte de su semántica, y que esta característica es la que licencia tanto sus usos normativos como los dialectales. Se muestra que la perfectividad de estar opera tanto en el dominio espacio-temporal como en el valorativo. Se verá que es en el dominio valorativo donde se encuentra la mayor variabilidad dialectal en consistencia con características que se han definido para otros elementos sintácticos en variantes americanas del español, como es la mexicana.
Consideraciones para el tratamiento de la variación dialectal hispánica en el aula
Authors: Simón Cristina
Published: February 2022

En el siglo XXI, “la lengua española, goza de cabal salud” (Rosenblat, 1970) entre sus 483 millones de usuarios, cifra que por sí misma vaticina la enorme variedad de realizaciones de dicha lengua, lo cual no impide que nos sigamos entendiendo. De esta cantidad, 85 % de los usuarios está en el continente americano y sólo 10 % en España.1 La Real Academia Española de la Lengua (RAE) y sus Asociadas –cuyo nuevo lema es “Unidad en la diversidad”– han elaborado tres nuevas y muy importantes obras de referencia para todos los hispanohablantes, pero en ellas parece desdecirse el carácter genuino de dicho lema. Ante esto, se presenta una propuesta de material didáctico de variación dialectal para profesores de español como lengua adicional (ELA)**, para estudiantes de cursos de formación de profesores ELA y para estudiantes extranjeros que tengan interés en la variación geolectal (geográfica o diatópica) hispánica.

Se parte de una visión descriptiva y comparada sobre la diversidad geolectal hispánica para intentar que el lector pueda apreciar y valorar la validez de una gran variedad de las realizaciones –populares, coloquiales y cultas, orales y escritas– de ese patrimonio inmaterial que nos pertenece a todos los hispanohablantes: la lengua española.
Érase una vez… las locuciones en la clase de ELE
Authors: Santillán López Anallely Verónica
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una nueva alternativa para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las locuciones mexicanas en la clase de español como lengua extranjera (ELE). La mayoría de las locuciones encierran un significado metafórico vinculado en forma estrecha a los referentes socioculturales de una comunidad idiomática. Estas construcciones aparecen cotidianamente en el discurso, razón por la cual deben ser introducidas en el aula. Para ello, es necesario delimitar las propiedades sintácticas y semánticas, así como los usos pragmáticos de las mismas. La propuesta consiste en presentar las locuciones en textos literarios adaptados y confeccionar, con base en ellos, actividades que refuercen su aprendizaje.
Un modelo para la formación docente en español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Delgado Rosa América , Delgadillo Rosa Esther , Munguía María de la Luz
Published: February 2022

Con base en el European Profile for Language Teacher Education. A Frame of Reference se propone un modelo para la formación de profesores de español como lengua extranjera. Para ello, se hicieron cuestionamientos y reflexiones acerca de los cursos ofrecidos para formar docentes en enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE), así como de los aspectos fundamentales que se deberían considerar al elaborar un programa de formación docente, los ámbitos personal e institucional y las competencias que el estudiante-profesor debería desarrollar. Como parte del modelo se proponen dos diplomados, uno básico y otro avanzado, y una especialización que le permitirá al candidato elevar su nivel de profesionalización.
La Inteligencia Artificial y la Enseñanza de lenguas
Authors: Escobar Hernández José Carlos
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de la Inteligencia Artificial como una aproximación a un asunto del que ya se está ocupando la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. Se trata de un tema que es cada vez más importante al ser el efecto del desarrollo que se ha dado en el campo de la cibernética, de la computación y de la comunicación, que produce aplicaciones (apps) que facilitan la vida y ahorran esfuerzo, lo que, al mismo tiempo, lleva a nuevas formas de actuar, de enseñar y de aprender. El desarrollo tecnológico ha estado siempre en la vida de los maestros de lenguas y lo que ocurre en la actualidad no es la excepción. Por ello, surge la necesidad de atender este desarrollo en el campo de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera, algo de lo cual ya se ocupan diversas instituciones. Se propone aquí la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas que apoyen a los alumnos en su proceso de aprendizaje y de adquisición del idioma español, como puede ser el caso de las fuentes de consulta actuales como el diccionario Linguee.
Severe Complications of Diabetic Foot Syndrome (Ulcer, Gangrene, Amputation) Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tulyaganovich Kamalov Telman
Published: February 2022

Annotation: In this article, the authors presented the results of a review of the literature on one of the terrible complications of type 2 diabetes - diabetic foot syndrome in the stage of severe complications (ulcer, gangrene, amputation) associated with chronic kidney disease. This topic, despite its relevance, is still poorly understood. As a result of the analysis of the literature, the authors come to the conclusion that after the start of renal replacement therapy in patients on hemodialysis, there is an increase in the incidence of the neuro-ischemic form of the diabetic foot syndrome. Along with this, the progression of chronic obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities during the observation period was noted only among diabetic patients on hemodialysis. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways for early prevention of these complications, early diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: diabetic foot syndrome, diabetic patients, complications, CKD.
A Review on Robotic Arm Vehicle with Object and Facial Recognition
Authors: Runnaware Mr. Mahesh
Published: February 2022

Abstract: In this review paper, we were highlighting the assorted Features of a robotic arm after performing several research papers on Manipulators. Currently, Robotic Arms are widely employed in Multiple Industries to attenuate human errors and increase efficiency, Productiveness, the precision of operations going down. The foremost advantage of introducing a Robotic arm in Industries is that it can add crucial conditions like very heat, pressure environment where it’s hazardous for the human to figure. Since the manipulators come under Flexible Automation they will update and be modified easily. we've got referred to various research papers which have been experimentally verified to verify the various sorts of controllers used, and different methodologies employed in different authors to determine the degree of freedom of a manipulator used for the picking of an object and placed it in an exceedingly specific position. Thus, knowledge acquainted after referring to all these papers will help in designing the Robotic arm. Keywords: Robotic Arm, End Effector, Controller.
Extraction Efficacy and Composition of Biochemical Metabolites in Recent Fenugreek Varieties Grown in North India
Authors: Jain Vikas
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Field experiments involving fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) crop varieties ‘RMP-664’ and ‘AFG3’ raised for different stage cuttings revealed that fenugreek leaves have potential extractability of nitrogen. The highest total nitrogen extractability, from the leaves of three stage cuts of fenugreek varieties, were given by first cutting harvest, the values being 55.50% (RMP-664) and 57.51% (AFG3). AFG3 variety was found to be superior over RMP-664 variety of nitrogen-extractability. AFG3 variety showed higher value of dry Leaf Protein Concentrate (LPC) recovery (2.64g per 100g fresh leaves) than RMP-664 variety (2.35g per 100g fresh leaves). Furthermore, dry LPC yield per hectare was higher in AFG3 variety than RMP-664, the values being 195.03 kg/ha and 98.73 kg/ha, respectively. Extracted LPC and fibrous residue were found rich in biochemical metabolites like protein, ether extracts, ash and total carbohydrates. The total extracted protein yield from RMP-664 and AFG3 varieties were obtained to be 42.44 kg/ha and 90.75 kg/ha, respectively. Keywords: Leaf Protein Concentrate, Extraction efficacy, Biochemical metabolites, Fenugreek
An experimental study on flammability characteristics of materials on the premises of buildings of cultural and historical heritage
Authors: Eremina T. Yu. , Sushkova O. V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Many cultural heritage sites have been converted into multifunctional buildings, which preserve original architectural and structural solutions but fail to comply with effective fire safety standards in many instants. In the event of fire, safe evacuation must be organized from the facilities, that may accommodate a large number of people at a time. Experimental studies are needed to identify the flammability characteristics of materials that can affect safe evacuation from cultural heritage premises.Goals and objectives. The co-authors suggest a study on the thermal destruction of historical materials, that have been aging in natural operating conditions. The analysis of gaseous products, emitted in the process of thermal destruction, is performed to identify the influence of ancient materials on formation of hazardous fire factors.Research methods. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the fire hazard indicators for various types of wood, used in the operation of the building, to obtain the reliable initial data, necessary to simulate the dynamics of hazardous fire factors (OFP) when calculating the time to the blocking of escape routes from the Winter Palace.Flammability properties of wood samples was identified with the support of the testing laboratory of the PB Research Centre at IKBS NRU MGSU. The studies, conducted using thermal analysis methods combined with IR spectroscopy, were carried out with the support from the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “SEU FPS IPL” in St. Petersburg.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of experiments on materials, has proven that during the thermal destruction of the test samples, regardless of the age and type of wood, acetic acid is released within a certain temperature interval for each sample along with the release of carbon dioxide, and it affects the parameters of fire hazard characteristics of materials.Conclusions. For the first time in Russia, products of thermal destruction of historical materials have been investigated. The data presented in the article illustrate the need for a further study on gaseous products emitted by historical materials during thermal decomposition. The data obtained by the co-authors can be used to determine the calculated values of the fire risk.
On ensuring the safe movement of emergency service vehicles under hazardous driving conditions
Authors: Malygin I. G. , Tarantsev A. A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The relevance of the study is substantiated by the need for a safe and timely arrival of an emergency service vehicle (firefighters, police, paramedics, gas service teams) to the place of call under the conditions of poor road visibility due to smoke, fog, snowfalls, the night time in the absence of illumination.Ensuring safe movement under the conditions of poor visibility. In case of smoke and insufficient visibility due to wildfires, safe movement is possible, if the air pressure in the cabin is excessive and the driver uses a thermal imager by. When a car is driven under the conditions of fog, a snowfall or the lack of illumination, a thermal imager can also be used. The gas-dynamic analysis of air supply to the cabin and its schemes are provided. The co-authors made a gas-dynamic assessment of the air flow rate if the cabin is not hermetically sealed and the crew stay inside.The car movement in case of floods and damaged roads. The structural layout diagram of an emergency service vehicle designed to move through flooded areas and along damaged roadbeds is provided.Conclusions. The novelty and expediency of the above technical solutions are confirmed by the RF patents. Their implementation will allow emergency services to arrive safely to the place of call, regardless of the road conditions.