bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Virus-Infected, Reprogrammed Somatic Cell–Derived Tumor Cell (VIReST) Vaccination Regime Can Prevent Initiation and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lu Shuangshuang , Zhang Zhe , Du Pan , Chard Louisa S. , Yan Wenli , El Khouri Margueritte , Wang Zhizhong , Zhang Zhongxian , Chu Yongchao , Gao Dongling , Zhang Qinxian , Zhang Lirong , Nagano Ai , Wang Jun , Chelala Claude , Liu Jing , Chen Jiekai , Liu Pentao , Dong Yunshu , Wang Shengdian , Li Xiaozhu , Dong Jianzeng , Lemoine Nick R. , Pei Duanqing , Wang Yaohe
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers, and late detection renders most tumors refractory to conventional therapies. Development of cancer prophylaxis may be the most realistic option for improving mortality associated with this disease. Here, we develop a novel individualized prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination regimen using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), gene editing, and tumor-targeted replicating oncolytic viruses.

Experimental Design:

We created a Virus-Infected, Reprogrammed Somatic cell-derived Tumor cell (VIReST) regime. iPSCs from healthy cells were induced to pancreatic tumor cells using in situ gene editing via stable provision of KRasG12D and p53R172H tumor driver mutations. These cells were preinfected with oncolytic Adenovirus (AdV) as prime or Vaccinia virus (VV) as boost, to improve vaccine immunogenicity, prior to delivery of vaccines in a sequential regime to young KPC transgenic mice, genetically programmed to develop pancreatic cancer, to prevent and delay disease development.

Results:

Tumor cells preinfected with oncolytic AdV as prime or VV as boost were the best regime to induce tumor-specific immunity. iPSC-derived tumor cells were highly related in antigen repertoire to pancreatic cancer cells of KPC transgenic mice, suggesting that an individual's stem cells can provide an antigenically matched whole tumor cell vaccine. The VIReST vaccination primed tumor-specific T-cell responses, resulting in delayed disease emergence and progression and significantly prolonged survival of KPC transgenic mice. Importantly, this regime was well-tolerated and nontoxic.

Conclusions:

These results provide both proof of concept and a robust technology platform for the development of personalized prophylactic cancer vaccines to prevent pancreatic malignancies in at-risk individuals.
Myeloid Cells Orchestrate Systemic Immunosuppression, Impairing the Efficacy of Immunotherapy against HPV+ Cancers
Authors: Galliverti Gabriele , Wullschleger Stephan , Tichet Mélanie , Murugan Dhaarini , Zangger Nadine , Horton Wesley , Korman Alan J. , Coussens Lisa M. , Swartz Melody A. , Hanahan Douglas
Published: November 2019

Cancers induced by human papillomaviruses (HPV) should be responsive to immunotherapy by virtue of expressing the immunogenic oncoproteins E6/E7. However, advanced forms of cervical cancer, driven by HPV, are poorly responsive to immune response–enhancing treatments involving therapeutic vaccination against these viral neoantigens. Leveraging a transgenic mouse model of HPV-derived cancers, K14HPV16/H2b, we demonstrated that a potent nanoparticle-based E7 vaccine, but not a conventional “liquid” vaccine, induced E7 tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells in cervical tumor–bearing mice. Vaccination alone or in combination with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4 did not elicit tumor regression nor increase CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting the presence of immune-suppressive barriers. Patients with cervical cancer have poor dendritic cell functions, have weak cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, and demonstrate an accumulation of myeloid cells in the periphery. Here, we illustrated that myeloid cells in K14HPV16/H2b mice possess potent immunosuppressive activity toward antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells, dampening antitumor immunity. These immune-inhibitory effects inhibited synergistic effects of combining our oncoprotein vaccine with immune checkpoint–blocking antibodies. Our data highlighted a link between HPV-induced cancers, systemic amplification of myeloid cells, and the detrimental effects of myeloid cells on CD8+ T-cell activation and recruitment into the TME. These results established immunosuppressive myeloid cells in lymphoid organs as an HPV+ cancer–induced means of circumventing tumor immunity that will require targeted abrogation to enable the induction of efficacious antitumor immune responses.
Plant and fungi diversity of Devi Pindiyan Valley in Trikuta Hills of northwestern Himalaya, India
Authors: Thakur Sajan , Dutt Harish Chander , Singh Bikarma , Sharma Yash Pal , Tashi Nawang , Charak Rajinder Singh , Sharma Geeta , Vidyarathi Om Prakash , Iqbal Tasir , Singh Bishander , Kumar Kewal
Published: November 2019

The Devi Pindiyan Valley, an abode of Goddess Vaishno Devi, in Trikuta Hills (western Himalaya) is a unique hill-top land ecosystem with a diverse regional mixed subtropical and temperate flora. Because of its suitable geographic location, specific and unique habitat conditions, this mountainous belt of Shivalik Himalaya has a large number of endemic and threatened plant species.  This study presents information on the plant diversity of Devi Pindiyan Valley of Trikuta Hills. Several line-transect (100m N-S and 100 E-W) surveys were conducted in which nested quadrats of 10m × 10m were laid for trees, within which interspersed two 5m × 5m sub-quadrats for shrubs and five 1m × 1m sub-quadrants for herbs at different places for determination of floristic composition. In the diverse habitats of this valley, we recorded 213 vascular plant species belonging to 164 genera under 71 families. This study area also harbors rich diversity of fungi, where the most visible 7 species of macrofungi belongs to 7 genera and 4 families were documented.  Out of the documented species, 35 species have been categorized as threatened based on the latest IUCN Red list criteria, while 178 species are included in the catalogue of world life. Engelhardtia spicata Lechen ex Blume var. integra (Kurz) Manning ex Steenis has been categorized as Least Concerned (LC) by IUCN Red List site. The species diversity indicates the high conservation value of this area and documenting such an ecologically rich ecosystem becomes a prerequisite for developing and formulating conservation-cum-management strategies. Therefore, we recommend there is need for ecological research in terms of biodiversity conservation on Devi Pindiyan Valley and similar ecosystems.
On the floral biology and pollination of a rare Twining Liana Sarcolobus carinatus Wall. (Asclepiadoideae: Apocynaceae) in Coringa Mangrove Forest, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Raju A.J. Solomon
Published: November 2019

Sarcolobus carinatus is a rare twining liana distributed towards landward side at Coringa Mangrove Forest.  It exhibits pheno-events, leaf fall, leaf flushing, flowering and fruiting sequentially from May-December.  It is a hermaphroditic species with specialized pollination system which is substantiated by corolline and staminal coronas.  It is pollinated by carpenter bees.  Seed dispersal includes anemochory and hydrochory.
The distribution of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) from the paddy fields of Patan and Karad tehsils of Satara District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ghadage Sharada Jagannath , Karande Vaneeta Chandrashekhar
Published: November 2019

The distribution pattern of blue-green algae was studied from paddy fields of Patan and Karad tehsils in relation to physico-chemical properties of soil, viz., pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon %, available N, P, and K.  Paddy field soil samples of 38 localities from Patan and 28 localities from Karad were analysed.  One-hundred-and-thirty-seven species belonging to 35 genera of 10 families from three orders were encountered from paddy field soils of both the tehsils.  Out of 66 soil samples 93.65% samples showed occurrence of unicellular, heterocystous and non heterocystous forms while 6.34% soil samples showed only non heterocystous forms.  Anabaena and Oscillatoria were found to be of common occurrence.  Significant variation was not observed in distribution pattern of blue-green algal forms in relation to physico-chemical properties during successive surveys.
Crepidium aphyllum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Bhutan
Authors: Rabgay Kinlay , Kumar Pankaj
Published: November 2019

The article talks about a new distribution record of an orchid namely, Crepidium aphyllum. Earlier it was known to be endemic to India. A brief description of the plant along with photographs is provided here for easy identification along with notes on phenology and ecology. This species has been globally assessed as Vulnerable.
Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, the Kovai Manjack (Boraginaceae): a highly threatened steno-endemic species from Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arumugam S. , Kumar K. Sampath , Karthik B. , Ravichandran V.
Published: November 2019

Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, belonging to Boraginaceae, discovered in 1938 and named by K.C. Jacob in 1944, is a little-known and the only narrow endemic but neglected plant of Coimbatore City.  The lectotype of the steno-endemic is determined and the current status, distribution, potential threats, bioprospecting potential, and suggestions for conservation of the species are discussed.  The collection of steno-endemic plant during intensive exploration in its type locality nearly after 90 years is of phytogeographic and conservation significance.  The endemic is proposed the category of Critically Endangered (CR) based on criterion D of IUCN (as per versions 3.1 & 13).  C. diffusa can be protected by promoting awareness of the rarity of native species and mass propagation through vegetative means so as to introduce it in gardens, parks, and avenues, etc. at once in the city.
Complementary bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) survey techniques uncover two new country records for Nigeria
Authors: Tanshi Iroro , Ogbeibu Anthony Ekata , Bates Paul Jeremy James
Published: November 2019

Knowledge of the bat fauna in Nigeria is limited due to use of outdated collection techniques, and infrequent sampling effort.  To advance knowledge of bat diversity in the country, a survey of bats from three localities:—Emu, Okomu National Park (ONP), and Ososo—in southern Nigeria was conducted using mist nets set at canopy and at ground level from February–September 2011.  During 28 capture nights involving a total of 202.7 mist net/nights, 239 individuals belonging to 27 bat species in eight families (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, and Vespertilionidae) were recorded.  A total of 130, 64, 45 individuals of 8, 13 and 11 species were recorded from Emu, Okomu, and Ososo, respectively. Two new country records, Casinycteris campomaanensis and Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae, both collected from Okomu National Park, are reported for Nigeria.  Whereas the former species was collected in a canopy high stacked mist net setup, the latter was collected in a ground level mist net, demonstrating the value of employing contemporary and complementary sampling techniques especially in such understudied regions of Africa.
Association Between Nitrate‐Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS
Authors: Goh Charlene E. , Trinh Pauline , Colombo Paolo C. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Mathema Barun , Uhlemann Anne‐Catrin , LeDuc Charles , Leibel Rudolph , Rosenbaum Michael , Paster Bruce J. , Desvarieux Moise , Papapanou Panos N. , Jacobs David R. , Demmer Ryan T.
Published: November 2019

Background

The enterosalivary nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that increased abundance of nitrate‐reducing oral bacteria would be associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk cross‐sectionally.

Methods and Results

ORIGINS
(Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study) enrolled 300 diabetes mellitus–free adults aged 20 to 55 years (mean=34±10 years) (78% women). Microbial
DNA
was extracted from subgingival dental plaque (n=281) and V3–V4 regions of the 16S
rRNA
gene were sequenced to measure the relative abundances of 20 a priori
–
selected taxa with nitrate‐reducing capacity. Standardized scores of each taxon's relative abundance were summed, producing a nitrate‐reducing taxa summary score (
NO
3
TSS
) for each participant. Natural log‐transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, plasma glucose, systolic BP, and diastolic BP were regressed on
NO
3
TSS
in multivariable linear regressions; prediabetes mellitus and hypertension prevalence were regressed on
NO
3
TSS
using modified Poisson regression models. Nitrate‐reducing bacterial species represented 20±16% of all measured taxa. After multivariable adjustment, a 1‐
SD
increase in
NO
3
TSS
, was associated with a −0.09 (95%
CI
, −0.15 to −0.03) and −1.03 mg/dL (95%
CI
, −1.903 to −0.16) lower natural log‐transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and plasma glucose, respectively.
NO
3
TSS
was associated with systolic BP only among patients without hypertension; 1‐
SD
increase in
NO
3
TSS
was associated with −1.53 (95%
CI
, −2.82 to −0.24) mm Hg lower mean systolic BP. No associations were observed with prediabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Conclusions

A higher relative abundance of oral nitrate‐reducing bacteria was associated with lower insulin resistance and plasma glucose in the full cohort and with mean systolic BP in participants with normotension.
Oswald Wiener on Dandyism
Authors: Schillinger Jakob
Published: November 2019

The article introduces readers to Oswald Wiener's writings on dandyism from the late 1970s and early 1980s and relates them to Wiener's previous work with the Vienna Group and his seminal text “the bio-adapter.” At the core of Wiener's aesthetic, according to the author, is a problematization of human behavior as it was conceptualized and operationalized by behaviorism and cybernetics. Drawing on systems theory and on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari the article argues that what is at stake in Wiener's texts is not so much a hypothetical difference between human and machine as the question of how different components, such as humans and computers, are assembled into a machine through recursive communication.
An Ego of Her Own
Authors: Wiener Oswald
Published: November 2019

The essay formulates a theory of dandyism that relates the literature of Dark Romanticism to computer science and psychology. Oswald Wiener describes dandyism as an ambivalent response to scientific and technological developments that reduce human beings to their observable behavior and seek to render them predictable. Dandyism, according to Wiener, articulates itself in social experiments in which the dandy adopts a behaviorist perspective yet at the same time distances himself from any aspect of his personality whose mechanisms he thereby understands.
Okwui Enwezor (1963–2019)
Authors: Lee Pamela M.
Published: November 2019

A brief remembrance of Okwui Enwezor (1963–2019), “the most influential curator of the past quarter-century.”
Maritime Historic Rights in United States Jurisprudence
Authors: Telesetsky Anastasia
Published: November 2019

This article provides a review of the major “historic rights” cases in United States federal jurisprudence involving disputes between the United States and its constituent states. On the basis of these cases, the article describes the three step-approach taken by the judiciary in deciding whether there are cognizable “historic right” claims.
Legality of China’s Entitlements of Historic Rights beyond the UNCLOS in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Renyuan
Published: November 2019

In the Award of the South China Sea Arbitration, the Tribunal concluded that the Convention had superseded any historic rights in excess of the limits imposed by the Convention. Consequently, China’s claim of historic rights in the relevant part encompassed by the nine-dashed lines in the South China Sea exceeded the limits of China’s maritime entitlements under the Convention. But an analysis on the context and negotiation history of paragraph 8 of the preamble and issues related to historic rights in the Convention leads to an opposite conclusion. For the issues related to historic rights, the negotiation history of the Convention indicated that the Convention does not supersede any historic rights but left lacunae on related issues. According to the text and negotiation history of paragraph 8 of the Convention, historic rights were not superseded but were regulated by general international law.
Cymbella hechiensis sp. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from the upper tributary of Liujiang River, Guangxi Province, China

Authors: LI YAN-LING , BAO MING-YAN , LIU WEI , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , ZHANG WEI
Published: November 2019

During a survey of freshwater diatoms from streams in the upper reaches of the Liujiang River, Guangxi Province, China, a new Cymbella species, Cymbella liujiangensis sp. nov. was recorded. A detailed morphological description of C. liujiangensis is presented, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The main features of C. liujiangensis include strongly dorsiventral valves with slightly truncate and obtusely rounded ends and one very large, transaspically-elongated stigma positioned on the ventral side of the central nodule and adjacent to the middle ventral striae. The new species is compared with C. dorsenotata, C. aspera, C. peraspera, C. australica, C. praerupta, C. convexa, C. crassistigmata, C. graciliformis and C. simonsenii, all of which show similarities to Cymbella liujiangensis, but differ in details of size, valve shape, striae density, puncta density, and number of stigmata.
Trace fossils mistaken as plants: the nomenclatural status of Tetraphyllum (Gesneriaceae)

Authors: BERTLING MARKUS
Published: November 2019

Tetraphyllum Griff. ex C.B.Clarke (Gesneriaceae) has erroneously been replaced by Tetraphylloides Doweld, as he considered Tetraphyllum Hosius & von der Marck an angiosperm and thus its earlier homonym. Reinvestigation of the holotype of the type species Tetraphyllum dubium Hosius & von der Marck, however, shows this to be a trace fossil. The latter is re-validated as an ichnotaxon herein. Since botanical and zoological names do not compete for homonymy or synonymy, Tetraphylloides Doweld is a younger synonym of Tetraphyllum C.B.Clarke. In due course, Tetraphylloidinae Doweld is a younger synonym of Tetraphyllinae A. Weber & Mich. Möller; Tetraphylloides Doweld and Tetraphylloidinae Doweld are illegitimate names.
A new species of Passandra Dalman (Coleoptera: Passandridae) from the Philippines and Borneo
Authors: BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: November 2019

Passandra barsevskisi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Passandridae) is described and illustrated from Borneo and the Philippines. The new species can be distinguished from all known species of Passandra by the following combination of features: head, pronotum and elytra black; antennomeres 3–10 with narrow groove ventrally, male antennae robust with antennomeres 4–10 swollen; admedian grooves of head deep, long, almost straight, slightly diverging anteriorly; median process of head well developed and reaching occipital groove; pronotal disc with two deep and long admedian grooves; pronotal sublateral lines entire, widely separated anteriorly; submarginal basal groove deeply and narrowly emarginate medially in male, notched in female; each elytron with lines I and VI complete, lines II and V incomplete; and median lobe of aedeagus with triangular apical portion and rounded apex.
Formulation and Optimization of Paclitaxel Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies Using H1299 Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khatri Hiren , Chokshi Nimitt , Rawal Shruti , Patel Bhoomika , Patel Mayur M.
Published: November 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and approximately 80% to 85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Paclitaxel (PTX) has been widely used for the treatment of NSCLC. It is classified as a BCS class IV drug and offers a low therapeutic
index. The present investigation demonstrates development of orally administered PEGylated, PTX loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PTX-SLNs). A Box-Behnken design was applied to systematically optimize PTX-SLNs. Drug concentration, emulsifier concentration and homogenization pressure were selected
as an independent variables, and particle size, % entrapment efficiency (%EE) and % drug loading (%DL) were selected as dependent variables. The particle size of optimized PTXSLNs was found to be 401 ± 12 nm, with %EE of 86.63 ± 2.58%, and %DL of 7.42 ± 0.11%. The developed
PTX-SLNs exhibited anti-lipolytic effect due to its stabilization by MPEG2000-DSPE. Moreover, the in vitro GI stability studies revealed good stability of PTX-SLNs in various GI tract media. The in vitro drug release studies revealed controlled release profile with
Weibull model release kinetics. In vitro cytotoxicity studies in H1299 cell lines revealed significant decline in IC50 values of PTX-SLNs treated cells as compared to pure drug, thus revealing an improved efficacy of the developed systems.
Enhanced Effect of Band Bending on Visible Photoluminescence from ZnO Nanoparticles of Smaller Sizes in Ionic Environment
Authors: Pramanik Subhamay , Mukherjee Sumit , Ghosh Manoranjan , Das Sandip , De Subal C. , Kuiri Probodh K.
Published: November 2019

We report a novel approach to control the defect-mediated visible photoluminescence (PL) of small ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by changing the ionic environment viz. concentration of LiClO4 or NaCl (electrolytes) in the medium in which NPs are dispersed. For both the electrolytes,
overall intensity of visible PL emission decreases and the spectral components (∼2.35 eV and ∼2.19 eV) of it shift towards lower energy side with increase in electrolyte concentration. Such changes are more prominent in case of NaCl than LiClO4. We have explained all these
observations in the basis of accumulation of surface charge, due to the presence of electrolyte, which controls the band bending in the depletion layer at the surface of the NPs. Furthermore, the band bending results in corresponding change of number of emission centres (here, relative number
of singly ionized oxygen vacancies or doubly ionized oxygen vacancies) which predominantly decides the nature of visible emission. An enhancement of this effect has been observed in case of smaller NPs of size comparable to the width of the depletion layer. This study can open up a way to
control the visible emission from the ZnO NPs and can be useful for sensing the processes involving surface charge in the fields such as biophysics and biochemistry.
One Dimensional Mass Transfer Effects on Transient Free Convection Flow with Vertical Porous Plate
Authors: Hasan M. , Biswas R. , Mondal M. , Ahmmed S. F. , Shanchia Kazi
Published: November 2019

The aspiration of the mechanism is the impacts of radiation and mass transfer on the transient free convection flow of a dissipative fluid with the vertical Porous plate by taking into a consideration of the viscous dissipation. The governing equations for the one-dimensional model
are solved with proper boundary conditions. The radiative heat transfer in the limit of the optically thick fluid is described. The momentum coupled equation with the energy and mass diffusion equations are solved by explicit finite difference method (EFDM). For Tran programming language is
used as the main tool for calculating the simulating results. A parametric evaluation displaying the influence of distinct flow parameters on velocity profile, transient temperature and concentration are outlined graphically with the help of tecplot-9. Finally, a comparison of the present
study with the previous study has been deliberated for different interesting parameters.
Dispersion in the Open Ocean Seasonal Pycnocline at Scales of 1–10 km and 1–6 days
Authors: Sundermeyer Miles A. , Birch Daniel A. , Ledwell James R. , Levine Murray D. , Pierce Stephen D. , Kuebel Cervantes Brandy T.
Published: November 2019

Results are presented from two dye release experiments conducted in the seasonal thermocline of the Sargasso Sea, one in a region of low horizontal strain rate (~10−6 s−1), the second in a region of intermediate horizontal strain rate (~10−5 s−1). Both experiments lasted ~6 days, covering spatial scales of 1–10 and 1–50 km for the low and intermediate strain rate regimes, respectively. Diapycnal diffusivities estimated from the two experiments were κz = (2–5) × 10−6 m2 s−1, while isopycnal diffusivities were κH = (0.2–3) m2 s−1, with the range in κH being less a reflection of site-to-site variability, and more due to uncertainties in the background strain rate acting on the patch combined with uncertain time dependence. The Site I (low strain) experiment exhibited minimal stretching, elongating to approximately 10 km over 6 days while maintaining a width of ~5 km, and with a notable vertical tilt in the meridional direction. By contrast, the Site II (intermediate strain) experiment exhibited significant stretching, elongating to more than 50 km in length and advecting more than 150 km while still maintaining a width of order 3–5 km. Early surveys from both experiments showed patchy distributions indicative of small-scale stirring at scales of order a few hundred meters. Later surveys show relatively smooth, coherent distributions with only occasional patchiness, suggestive of a diffusive rather than stirring process at the scales of the now larger patches. Together the two experiments provide important clues as to the rates and underlying processes driving diapycnal and isopycnal mixing at these scales.
The transitional space of public inquiries: The case of the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Salter Michael
Published: November 2019

This paper argues that the uncertain public status of victim narratives of sexual abuse has inhibited the information sharing and dialogue necessary for policy reform and transformative change. Through an integration of public sphere theory and relational psychoanalysis, the paper identifies the need for a transitional space for the explication of sexual abuse narratives in order to bridge the gap between private suffering and public understanding. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse provides a case study of a transitional mechanism, with a focus on its instantiation of a therapeutic politics and the resultant synthesis of the rational–critical dimensions of public speech with the emotional depth and substance of traumatic catharsis. The paper suggests that public inquiries are uniquely positioned to act as transitional spaces between the personal and political dimensions of traumatic experience, while recognizing the challenges posed to this space by the contemporary bureaucratic state.
Plastic deformation and fracture behaviors in particle-reinforced aluminum composites: A numerical approach using an enhanced finite element model
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Xuexi , Li Aibin , Geng Lin
Published: November 2019

A microstructure-based comprehensive finite element model, which incorporated the deformation/fracture of the matrix alloy, fracture of the particle and decohesion of interface, was built to predict the effects of particle size and shape on the plastic deformation and fracture behaviors in particle-reinforced metal matrix composites. The effect of particle size on the yield strength and work hardening rate of the matrix alloy was demonstrated. When the particle diameter is <10 µm, the fracture of the matrix alloy near the interface dominates the failure mechanism of the composite, whereas changed to particle fracture with particle diameter >10 µm. A cohesive zone model was also included in order to predict interfacial failure behavior. It was noted that SiC/Al interface exhibits a high interfacial bonding strength and the interfacial decohesion was caused by crack propagation from the particle to the interface. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment tensile test results in the SiCp/6061Al composite.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polyoxymethylene-matrix composites filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes-coated milled glass fiber
Authors: Xiangmin Xu , Zhang Hongxiang , Beibei Tong , Binjie Li , Zhang Yudong
Published: November 2019

The advanced multifunctional filler has become one of the main challenges in developing high-performance polymer composites. In this study, the acid-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were adhered to the surface of milled glass fiber under the combined effect of 3-aminopropyltriethyloxy silane and tetraethyl orthosilicate to fabricate a hierarchical fiber (MWCNTs-MGF). The morphologies of the hierarchical fibers were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, which showed evidence of a coating layer of MWCNTs on each fiber surface. The MWCNTs-MGF was employed as a multifunctional filler to prepare polyoxymethylene-based composites using a twin-screw extruder by melt blending. The obtained composites exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties. The composite tensile strength and notched impact strength and Young's modulus increased by 10%, 32%, and 32%, respectively, as the MWCNTs-MGF content varies from 0 to 10 wt.%. Meanwhile, the reinforcing and toughing mechanisms of MWCNTs-MGF were also elaborated by analyzing the interfacial adhesion and fracture morphologies of the composites. Moreover, the study on thermal stability and crystallization behavior indicated that the polyoxymethylene/MWCNTs-MGF composites had higher thermal stability, crystallization temperature, and crystallinity as compared to the polymer matrix. The improvement of thermal stability originates from the unique surface structure of MWCNTs-MGF, while the increase in crystallization temperature and crystallinity is due to the strong heterogeneous nucleation ability of the hierarchical fibers.
Experimental investigation of a method to avoid channel marks during vacuum infusion
Authors: Hindersmann Arne
Published: November 2019

Today the impregnation of dry fibre materials is a production method preferred for large composite parts like wind turbine rotor blades or aircraft wing covers. One of the recurring problems of the production process is that the used resin distribution channels leave marks on the surface of the part. The result of the marks in the channel area is a localized deformation of the fibre material, and hence the laminate becomes more prone to shear buckling in this area. The purpose of this paper is to present a report on an unconventional infusion method to avoid channel marks on composite part's surfaces. The channels can be activated by a pressure difference. If the channels are deactivated during a specific process window no channel marks will be left on the part's surface. In order to verify the inexistence of channel marks, three analytical processes are used.
Sustaining the Flame: (Re)Igniting Joy in Teaching Music
Authors: Salvador Karen
Published: November 2019

Teaching music is an act of vulnerability. Our connections with music and with our students give our jobs—and perhaps our lives—value and purpose. However, these connections are also why it hurts so much when we feel undervalued or attacked. In this article, I describe research-supported strategies for nurturing courage, peace, and resilience and also suggest habits of thinking and action that could sustain or even (re)ignite our joy in teaching music.
Mapping Your Place: Developing a Place-Conscious Music Classroom
Authors: Schaller Jonathan G.
Published: November 2019

When beginning music teachers enter a new classroom for the first time, they start a journey toward understanding a new context and community. Place consciousness develops as they become embedded in their community and begin to recognize how its culture and environment interact with their teaching practices. By mapping the objects, people, and history that inhabit the music classroom, a music teacher will develop a clearer understanding of what is happening and has happened in this place, prompting critical considerations for its future. Teaching decisions informed by place-conscious inquiry such as mapping may lead to the development of a music program that nurtures and sustains a deep and harmonious relationship with its students and surrounding community.
Gender relations along the maize value chain in Mozambique
Authors: Adam Rahma I , Quinhentos Maria da Luz , Muindi Pauline , Osanya Jessica
Published: November 2019

This article offers insights into gender relations at every node of the maize value chain in rural Mozambique. Data were collected using mixed methods, including a survey of 295 households, key informant interviews with 29 individuals (breeders, agro-dealers, traders, and processors), and 12 sex-disaggregated focus group discussions with smallholder farmers. The findings show that in terms of the gender division of labor in maize production, there is no significant difference between male-headed and female-headed households concerning the participation of men, women, children, and hired labor. In addition, due to their culturally prescribed role as head of household, men are responsible for maize marketing and for making decisions both at the farm level and across the higher nodes of the value chain. Moreover, cultural restrictions on women’s mobility and gender disparities in access to transportation tend to exclude women from participating in the markets. However, women from matrilineal villages are shown to have more autonomy than those from patrilineal villages in making decisions about the quantity of maize to sell, participation in the market, and control of revenue. Finally, whether the woman belongs to the patriarchal or matriarchal system, she still faces challenges as she accedes to the higher nodes of the value chain, for example, participating as a trader, because of her dual roles as mother/homemaker and business woman.
Spectral Overlays for Reading Difficulties: Oculomotor Function and Reading Efficiency Among Children and Adolescents With Visual Stress
Authors: Guimarães Márcia Reis , Vilhena Douglas de Araújo , Loew Stephen J. , Guimarães Ricardo Queiroz
Published: November 2019

This study analyzed the effects of spectral overlays on ocular motility during reading among a clinical group of children and adolescents experiencing visual–perceptual distortions of text. We reviewed the records of 323 eye-hospital patients diagnosed with visual stress and divided this participant sample into two age-based cohorts: children ( n =  184; Mean [ M] age = 10.1, standard deviation [ SD]  =  1.3 years) and adolescents ( n =  139; M age = 14.6, SD = 1.5 years). We used a Visagraph III Eye-Movement Recording System to record ocular motor efficiency while reading with and without spectral overlays, and we examined the following parameters: (a) Fixations, (b) Regressions, (c) Span of Recognition, (d) Reading Rate, (e) Relative Efficiency, and (f) Comprehension. Our results showed that using one or some combination of 10 participant-selected spectral overlays immediately and significantly ( p <  .001) reduced the number of Fixations and Regressions per 100 words, while there were significant ( p <  .001) gains in positive factors such as Span of Recognition, Reading Rate, Relative Efficiency, and Comprehension. Our findings indicate that spectral filtering can be an effective tool for helping many young patients who experience visual–perceptual distortions while reading. Future expanded research employing eye-tracking technology is clearly needed.
Trees, Wood, and Paper: Materialities of Urban Arboriculture in Modern Berlin
Authors: Dümpelmann Sonja
Published: November 2019

The systematization of street tree planting in twentieth-century cities went hand in hand with the development of the modern city’s managerial system. In the systematization process, tree planting and care was serialized and standardized. To facilitate these procedures, tree locations and conditions began to be surveyed, planned, and recorded on paper. Focusing on street tree planting in East and West Berlin, this article examines the role of different paper formats, technologies, and representations such as lists, plans, maps, and index and edge-notched cards in the evolution of an increasingly regimented urban arboriculture. Paper was intricately related to both the life and death of the trees that it helped to document. As much as the malleable and variable nature and materiality of street trees contributed to an evolution of paper formats to capture the trees’ changeable conditions, so the use of paper to control, regulate, and systematize also contributed to standardizing trees, their planting, and their care.
The television families of Mexico and the Philippines: dynasties and caciques in transpacific media cultures
Authors: Pertierra Anna Cristina
Published: November 2019

Metaphors of family play a particular part in representing and justifying the public role of elite families and media empires in Mexico and the Philippines, two countries on opposite sides of the Pacific that feature linked histories of Spanish colonial heritage and intimate connections to the cultural and economic history of the modern United States. The media industries of Mexico and the Philippines share some important characteristics: powerful commercial television networks are operated by prominent elite family companies, whose multimedia empires wield political and economic influence nationwide. An industry model of elite family dominance is reflected in the ways that contemporary television programs, hosts, and viewers understand themselves as belonging to sorts of ‘television families’. The nature of Mexican and Philippine television industries as family businesses writ large merits more extensive comparative historical exploration. These parallel cases draw attention to how media may be productively compared and studied across the Pacific regions of Asia and the Americas.
The theory of hegemony: Laclau’s path not taken
Authors: Kitus Andro
Published: November 2019

The article revisits the theory of hegemony of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe and shows how a normative injunction, which according to Laclau is not compatible with the hegemonic logic, is not only possible but a necessary condition for hegemony to function. The article claims that the path to demonstrate this involves rethinking the relationship between the theory of hegemony and Derridean deconstruction. Following criticisms that the theory of hegemony overlooks the aporetic nature of Derridean undecidability that it nevertheless relies upon, the hegemonic logic is submitted to a deconstructive reading, which reveals an internal aporia in it. It is further argued that the unaccounted aporia in the logic of hegemony explains the theory’s inability to satisfactorily account for its essential theoretical underpinning, the radical exclusion. However, the article also demonstrates that the aporia does not destroy hegemonic logic but, instead, supplements it by a normative dimension, by a demand of opening to the other as other.
Brain–kidney interaction: Renal dysfunction following ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Yan Tao , Chopp Michael , Venkat Poornima , Chen Jieli
Published: November 2019

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with long-term debilitating effects. Accumulating evidence from experimental studies as well as observational studies in patients suggests a cross talk between the brain and kidney after stroke. Stroke may lead to kidney dysfunction which can adversely impact patient outcome. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology and mechanisms of brain–kidney interaction following ischemic stroke. Specifically, we discuss the role of the central autonomic network, autoregulation, inflammatory and immune responses, the role of extracellular vesicles and their cargo microRNA, in mediating brain–kidney interaction following stroke. Understanding the bidirectional nature of interaction between the brain and kidney after cerebral injury would have clinical implications for the treatment of stroke and overall patient outcome.
Outcome Comparison of Graft Bridging and Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Jinrong , Sun Yaying , Chen Qingyan , Liu Shaohua , Ding Zheci , Chen Jiwu
Published: November 2019

Background:

Graft bridging (GB) and superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) were developed to treat large to massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs); however, the outcome differences between GB and SCR remain unclear.

Purpose:

To systematically review and compare the outcomes of GB and SCR for large to massive RCT.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed via a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies of GB or SCR were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was Constant-Murley score at the final follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale score for pain, active shoulder range of motion, and graft healing rate. Complication rate was the safety outcome measure. Outcomes were summarized into group SCR and group GB, and the results were compared statistically ( P < .05).

Results:

A total of 23 studies were included in this review: 238 repairs from the 5 studies in group SCR and 593 repairs from the 18 studies in group GB. For group SCR and group GB, the mean age was 61.6 and 63.3 years, and the mean follow-up was 18.0 and 40.1 months, respectively. Overall, both procedures demonstrated improvement of clinical outcomes. When compared with group SCR, group GB had significantly higher mean differences of the Constant-Murley score (41.9 vs 19.8), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (39.3 vs 33.8), visual analog scale score for pain (4.4 vs 3.4), and active external rotation at side (15.3 vs 9.3). No statistically significant difference was detected in the mean difference of active forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and graft healing rate between the groups. The complication rates were 0.84% (2 of 238) in group SCR and 0.67% (4 of 593) in group GB.

Conclusion:

In general, GB showed significantly better clinical and functional outcomes postoperatively than SCR, with a similar complication rate. The available fair-quality evidence suggested that GB might be a better choice for large to massive RCT. More high-quality randomized controlled studies are required to further evaluate the relative benefits of the 2 procedures.
Assessment of Pharyngitis Management at a University Student Health Services Clinic
Authors: Knoderer Chad A. , Abi-Mansour Tanya V. , Zahn Stephanie O. , Cornelius Abbey , Richardson Kari , Fletcher Maria V. , Nichols Kristen R.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the management of students presenting with pharyngitis to a university health clinic.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study. Electronic medical records of undergraduate students presenting to a university health clinic from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014, with complaints of sore throat and a diagnosis code for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or sore throat were reviewed.

Results:

Records of 241 patients were screened and 197 patients were included. A rapid antigen detection test (RADT) was obtained in 145 (73.6%) patients. The incidence of group A streptococci (GAS) and non-GAS were 15.2% (30/197) and 10.1% (21/197), respectively. All patients with a positive RADT were prescribed antibiotics, with 13 (46.4%) receiving amoxicillin. Overall, 129 (65%) patients received an antibiotic prescription.

Conclusion:

Management of pharyngitis at the clinic appears inconsistent with current guidelines. Approximately 2 of every 3 students were prescribed an antibiotic with no clear indication.
Do welfare benefits compensate for globalization among affluent democracies?
Authors: Nam Yunmin
Published: November 2019

This article examines the nexus of globalization, welfare systems and income inequality, in which a key theme is the assessment of how the distributional consequences of globalization are altered by the welfare benefit programmes of advanced welfare states. Existing literature contends that globalization is one of the principle reasons for the current increases in income inequality in developed economies. However, the distributional effects of globalization can vary across disparate national contexts. The study investigates whether welfare systems successfully compensate those who are displaced by external competition while reducing the income inequalities caused by globalization. For the empirical analysis, both random- and fixed-effects models with cluster-robust standard errors are utilized, as are comprehensive measures of globalization, welfare policy and income inequality. The results from 16 affluent democracies between 1980 and 2010 show that some aspects of globalization were significantly related to increased income inequality; however, the relationship was also significantly moderated by generous welfare benefit programmes. These findings support the argument that welfare systems play a critical role in compensating for the rising income inequalities caused by globalization.
Correcting Misinformation About Neuroscience via Social Media
Authors: Smith Ciarra N. , Seitz Holli H.
Published: November 2019

The rapid spread of misinformation online is of growing concern to communication researchers. Scientific misinformation can lead to ill-founded educational practices, health trends, and public policies. In an online survey-based experiment ( N = 744), we corrected neuroscience myths via a mock Facebook newsfeed. We were able to reduce belief in the myths by presenting the subjects with corrective “related articles” immediately following the myth. We also found limited evidence that readers evaluate articles more positively when they are consistent with preexisting views. Our findings are consistent with previous research and extend research on corrective messaging strategies into a new context.
The Endrew Decision’s Impact on the Education of Students With Autism: Implications for Practice and Policy
Authors: Hurwitz Sarah , Decker Janet R. , Linder Ilana L.
Published: November 2019

In 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court provided a ruling regarding what constitutes an appropriate education for students with disabilities in Endrew v. Douglas County. The case concerned a student with autism, and we use it to offer schools and families autism-related recommendations for practice and policy. We analyze the legal history of the educational benefit standard prior to Endrew and what has occurred in the year after the Court’s decision. Endrew may not dramatically alter education for students who are progressing alongside their peers, but it elevates expectations for those like Endrew, who are in self-contained classrooms or are not making grade-level progress. We suggest that schools prioritize behavior management to facilitate academic and functional progress, and theorize that there may be an increase in the number of families requesting evidence-based practices, like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and placement in alternative settings like specialized charter and private schools.