bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI DRAUGHT SURVEY BATUBARA DI ATAS TONGKANG DAN VESSEL PT ADARO INDONESIA SITE KELANIS
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Triantoro Agus , Riswan Riswan
Published: April 2020

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keakuratan data dalam melakukan kegiatan draught survey. Faktor – faktor tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pembacaan draft kapal, deductible maupun perhitungan draught survey tersebut sehingga dapat mengakibatkan cargo losses (kehilangan muatan). Berdasarkan kebutuhan keakurasian data di lapangan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis teknik dan mekanisme mengenai perhitungan volume batubara pada kegiatan pemuatan batubara pada tongkang sebagai penghitungan yang tepat dan akurat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mengevaluasi kegiatan draught survey, menganalisis faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kegiatan draught survey dan selisih volume muatan tongkang dengan muatan vessel.Berdasarkan data aktual selama penelitian didapatkan data volume muat tongkang sebesar 79.143 MT dan volume muat vessel sebesar 77.000 MT. Berdasarkan data aktual terdapat selisih antara volume muat tongkang dan volume muat vessel sebesar 2.143 MT dari 79.143 MT dengan persentase losses muatan sebesar 2,71 %. Adapun faktor -  faktor yang menyebabkan kehilangan muatan (losses) pada tongkang meliputi faktor cuaca, tumpahan atau kebocoran, kejahatan atau pencurian dan kesalahan dalam pengukuran draft tongkang maupun vessel. Kata-kata kunci : Draught Survey, Draft, Volume, Losses
ANALISIS OPTIMALISASI FUEL RATIO PERALATAN MEKANIS DALAM AKTIFITAS PENGGALIAN DAN PENGANGKUTAN OVERBURDEN PT MADHANI TALATAH NUSANTARA
Authors: Himawan M. Arief Rahman , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Annisa Annisa
Published: April 2020

PT Madhani Talatah Nusantara menggunakan alat gali muat PC 2000 dengan bucket 14 m3 memiliki target produktivitas sebesar 750 bcm/jam serta target fuel burn sebesar 130 liter/jam dengan target nilai fuel ratio sebesar 0,173 liter/bcm  dan alat angkut HD 785-7 memiliki target produktivitas sebesar 160 bcm/jam serta target memiliki target fuel burn sebesar 60 liter/jam dengan target nilai fuel ratio sebesar 0,37 liter/bcm material overburden, setelah melakukan kegiatan penggalian dan pengangkutan  maka perlu adanya analisa untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian target dan pemakaian fuel burn  tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai dari fuel ratio  alat gali muat dan alat angkut melebihi dari target yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas PC 2000 dan HD 785-7 adalah waktu edar, efisiensi kerja dan kondisi jalan angkut. Waktu edar  PC 2000  berdasarkan hasil pengamatan masih belum sesuai dengan besar waktu edar secara teoritis, kondisi jalan angkut berdasarkan hasil pengamatan belum sesuai dengan standar perusahaan sehingga dapat membuat waktu edar alat angkut menjadi belum maksimal.Produktivitas aktual PC 2000 didapatkan sebesar 722,27 bcm/jam serta fuel burn aktual sebesar 132 liter/jam dengan  nilai fuel ratio aktual sebesar 0,183 liter/bcm dan produktivitas aktual HD 785-7 didapatkan sebesar 144,11 bcm/jam serta fuel burn aktual 66,92 liter/jam dengan nilai fuel ratio aktual sebesar 0,467 liter/bcm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fuel ratio aktual belum mencapai target perhitungan secara teoritis. Setelah dilakukan simulasi perbaikan nilai fuel ratio didapatkan produktivitas alat gali muat sebesar 805,93 bcm/jam dan fuel burn sebesar 134 liter/jam dengan simulasi perbaikan nilai cycle time dan efisiensi kerja alat gali muat dan didapatkan nilai simulasi  produktivitas alat angkut sebesar 186,5 bcm/jam dengan melakukan simulasi perbaikan cycle time alat angkut. Sehingga didaptkan nilai fuel ratio simulasi alat gali muat sebesar 0,166 liter/bcm dan fuel ratio simulasi alat angkut sebesar 0,321 liter/bcm.    Kata-kata kunci: Cycle Time, Fuel Burn, Produktivitas, Fuel Ratio
ANALISIS DEBIT ALIRAN SUNGAI KAHAYAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Riady Rendro Rismae
Published: April 2020

Tata guna lahan di daerah Kelurahan Bereng Bengkel yang merupakan daerah hilir sungai Kahayan cenderung meningkat diantaranya dibuat jalan permanen di tebing sungai Kahayan, padahal permasalahan tersebut berdampak pada lingkungan sungai Kahayan, diantaranya adalah tanah longsor ke sungai dan air melimpas. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya penelitian tentang debit sungai Kahayan. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis debit banjir dan tinggi muka air dengan metode HSS Snyder dan alat ukur papan duga air serta menganalisis fenomena aliran sungai Kahayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan program HEC-RAS 4.1.0 dengan simulasi profil aliran, untuk menghitung profil muka air aliran tetap dan aliran tidak tetap dengan kala ulang 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 25 tahun, 50 tahun dan 100 tahun. Debit Puncak yang diperoleh menggunakan HSS Snyder diperoleh pada periode ulang  5 tahun, 10 tahun, 25 tahun, 50 tahun, dan 100 tahun, sebesar  4209.558 m3/detik, 4933.268 m3/detik, 5627.375 m3/detik, 5847.525  m3/detik, dan 6524.949 m3/detik. Liku kalibrasi didaerah Bereng Bengkel sungai Kahayan diselesaikan dengan persaman regresi polynomial orde tiga sebagai berikut: y = -2.7103x3 + 104.48x2 - 763.96x + 1323 dengan nilai korelasi (R²) = 0.945. Adapun hasil menggunakan Program HEC-RAS 4.1.0 diperoleh debit pada periode ulang 5, 10, 25, 50, dan 100 tahunan, sebesar   4100 m3/s, 5000 m3/, 5500 m3/s, 6000 m3/s, dan 6500 m3/s,  dengan bilangan Froude 0,11 atau Fr < 1 (aliran subkritis).
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN DOSIS KALSIUM KARBONAT (CaCO3) DAN PAC (POLY ALUMUNIUM CLORIDE) DALAM MENJERNIHKAN AIR SUMUR GALI DI KELURAHAN LALOLARA KECAMATAN KAMBU
Authors: Rachman Ranno Marlany , Syaban Abdul Rahim
Published: April 2020

Air sumur gali oleh masyarakat digunakan sebagai sumber air minum dan air bersih untuk keperluan sehari-hari. Air sumur gali yang digunakan masyarakat di Kelurahan Lalolara memiliki tingkat kekeruhan sebesar 56 NTU. Kekeruhan tersebut belum memenuhi persyaratan air bersih berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Bersih sebesar 25 NTU. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan dosis Kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dan Poly Alumunium Cloride (PAC) dalam menjernihkan sumur gali. Hasil penelitian untuk komposisi kapur maupun PAC untuk dosis 5g/L 10 gr/L, 15 g/L masih belum efektif menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan sesuai baku mutu peraturan yang ada, sedangkan untuk dosis dan 20 g/L sudah efektif menjernihkan air sumur gali sesuai ketentuan peraturan yang berlaku. Kata Kunci: Air sumur, kapur, PAC. Dug well water by the community is used as a source of drinking water and clean water for daily needs. The dug well water used by the community in the Lalolara Village has a turbidity level of 56 NTU. This turbidity has not met the clean water requirements based on the Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 the Year 2017 concerning Clean Water Quality Requirements of 25 NTU. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) doses in clearing dug wells. The results of the study for the composition of lime or PAC for a dose of 5g / L 10 gr / L, 15 g / L is still not effective in reducing the turbidity level in accordance with the existing quality standards, whereas for doses and 20 g / L it has been effective in purifying dug well water according to the provisions applicable regulation Keywords: Lime, PAC, well water.
PENYISIHAN KADAR AMONIAK PADA LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM CONSTRUCTED WETLAND BIO-RACK
Authors: Kholif Muhammad Al , Sugito Sugito
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efisiensi jenis tanaman dan waktu tinggal dalam menurunkan kandungan amoniak pada air limbah domestik menggunakan Bio-Rack Wetland. Bio-rack merupakan sistem baru dalam media pengolahan constructed wetland. Bio-rack wetland dijalankan dengan variasi waktu tinggal selama 15 jam dan 20 jam. Media bio-rack terbuat dari pipa PVC dengan ukuran diameter 22 mm. Tumbuhan yang ditanam pada media bio-rack adalah Typha latifolia dan Phragmites australis. Efisiensi penyisihan suhu, pH, dan amoniak pada reaktor bio-rack wetland dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur laboratorium. Efisiensi sistem bio-rack wetland yang terbaik dalam menyisihkan pencemar amoniak yaitu tanaman Typha latifolia dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 35,2% pada waktu tinggal 20 jam. Sedangkan pada tanaman Phragmites australis mampu menyisihkan kadar amoniak sebesar 28,4% dengan waktu tinggal 20 jam. Efisiensi penyisihan parameter uji terbukti lebih baik pada bio-rack wetland dengan tanaman Typha latifolia pada waktu tinggal 20 jam. Kata Kunci: Amoniak, Bio-rack Wetland, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Waktu Tinggal. This study aims to assess the efficiency of plant species and residence time in reducing ammonia content in domestic wastewater using Bio-Rack Wetland. Bio-rack is a new system in the constructed wetland processing media. Wetland bio-rack is run with a variation of the residence time of 15 hours and 20 hours. Bio-rack media is made of PVC pipes with a diameter of 22 mm. Plants grown on bio-rack media are Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis. The removal efficiency of temperature, pH, and ammonia in the wetland bio-rack reactor is carried out based on laboratory procedures. The best efficiency of the bio-rack wetland system in removing ammonia pollutants is Typha latifolia plants with a removal efficiency of 35.2% at a residence time of 20 hours. Whereas the Phragmites australis plant can set aside ammonia levels of 28.4% with a residence time of 20 hours. The removal efficiency of the test parameters was proven to be better in the wetland bio-rack with Typha latifolia plants at a residence time of 20 hours. Keywords: Ammonia, Bio-rack Wetland, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, the length of time.
PROSES FOTO FENTON DALAM REAKTOR RESIRKULASI UNTUK MENYISIHKAN BEBAN PENCEMAR PADA LINDI
Authors: Lesa William Steviano , Ali Munawar , Rosariawari Firra
Published: April 2020

Air lindi dari proses rembesan air sampah organik yang ada pada rumah kompos umumnya mengandung beban pencemar yang sukar terurai. Air lindi tersebut akan menyebabkan masalah terhadap lingkungan jika dibuang langsung ke badan air apabila tanpa adanya pengolahan. Penanganan beban pencemar ini dapat dilakukan dengan metode Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). Salah satu dari metode AOP adalah FotoFenton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengolahan air lindi dengan metode fotofenton secara resirkulasi berdasarkan perbandingan molar H2O2:FeSO4 dan Debit aliran resirkulasi. Pada penelitian ini, parameter yang diamati meliputi TSS, COD, BOD, Total N, dan PO4. Pada penelitian batch yang dilakukan dengan 5 liter air lindi ditetapkan variabel perbandingan molar H2O2:FeSO4 dengan variasi 10:0,10, 10:0,15, 10:0,20, 10:0,25, dan 10:0,30 dan variabel Debit aliran resirkulasi dengan variasi debit 0,2, 0,25, 0,34, 0,4, dan 0,6 liter/detik. Selain secara batch, penelitian ini juga dilakukan percobaan kontinu fotofenton secara resirkulasi dengan variabel terbaik dari proses batch. Berdasarkan penelitian, efisiensi pengolahan TSS, COD, BOD, Total N, dan PO4 pada lindi menggunakan fotofenton secara resirkulasi masing-masing sebesar 91%, 87%, 70%, 65% dan 79% pada perbandingan molar 10:0,30 dengan debit aliran 0,6 liter /detik.   Kata kunci: Air lindi, fosfat, fotofenton, limbah organik, total nitrogen, total suspended solid (TSS).  Leachate from seepage process of organic waste water in compost houses generally contains pollutant load which is difficult to decompose. Leachate will cause problems to the environment if it is discharged directly into water if there is no treatment. The handling of these pollutants can be done by the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method. One of the AOP methods is PhotoFenton. This study aims to determine the efficiency of leachate water treatment with the photofenton method by recirculation based on H2O2: FeSO4 molar ratio and recirculation flow discharge. In this study, the parameters observed included TSS, COD, BOD, Total N, and PO4. In a batch study conducted with 5 liters of leachate water, the molar ratio variables of H2O2: FeSO4 were determined with variations of 10: 0.10, 10: 0.15, 10: 0.20, 10: 0.25, and 10: 0.30 and variable discharge of recirculation flow with discharge variations of 0,2, 0,25, 0,34, 0,4, and 0,6 liter / second. Aside from being batch, this research also carried out a continuous fotofenton recirculation experiment with the best variables from the batch process. Based on the research, the processing efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, Total N, and PO4 in leachate using photofenton by recirculation were respectively 91%, 87%, 70%, 65% and 79% at a molar ratio of 10: 0.30 with discharge flow of 0.6 liters / second. Keywords: fosfat, leachate, organic waste, photofenton, total nitrogen, TSS.
Increased Expression of EZH2 Is Mediated by Higher Glycolysis and mTORC1 Activation in Lupus CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Zheng Xiaoqing , Tsou Pei‐Suen , Sawalha Amr H.
Published: April 2020

Objective:

EZH2 is overexpressed in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased disease activity in SLE patients is associated with a proinflammatory epigenetic shift in naïve CD4+ T cells, likely mediated by EZH2. Here we aim to understand the upstream mechanisms underlying EZH2 overexpression in SLE CD4+ T cells.

Methods:

Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from SLE patients and then stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) was used to inhibit glycolysis. mTORC1 signaling was inhibited using rapamycin. Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2.

Results:

Because glycolysis is increased in SLE CD4+ T cells and glycolysis regulates miR-26a and miR-101, which target EZH2, we examined the effect of inhibiting glycolysis on EZH2 expression. 2-DG significantly inhibited EZH2 expression in SLE CD4+ T cells. In addition, 2-DG restored the expression of miR-26a and miR-101, suggesting that suppression of EZH2 by 2-DG occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Because mTORC1 is activated in SLE CD4+ T cells in part due to increased oxidative stress, and mTORC1 activation increases glycolysis, we hypothesized that mTORC1 mediates increased EZH2 expression. Indeed, inhibiting mTORC1 increased miR-26a and miR-101 and suppressed EZH2 expression in SLE CD4+ T cells. Further, H2O2 treatment increased EZH2 expression, however, this effect appears to be independent of miR-26a and miR-101.

Conclusion:

Increased EZH2 is mediated by activation of mTORC1 and increased glycolysis in SLE CD4+ T cells. Therapeutic effects from inhibiting mTOR or glycolysis in SLE might be in part mediated by suppression of EZH2.
Infectious Endocarditis in the Elderly – Comparative Study of Clinical Features, Course and Outcomes
Authors: Chipigina N. S. , Karpova N. Yu. , Anichkov D. A. , Kondratieva T. B.
Published: April 2020

In the context of the increased incidence of infectious endocarditis (IE) in the elderly, an assessment of clinical features of IE in elderly patients is still controversial.

Aim. To study the clinical features and outcomes of IE in patients aged ≥65 years.

Material and methods. А comparative assessment of risk factors, etiology, clinical manifestations, outcomes was performed in 75 IE patients ≥65 years old and in 356 IE patients <65 years old.

Results. In patients ≥65 years old IE was more often associated with previous medical care (odds ratio [OR]=14.9; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 8.6;25.9), infections and tumors of the genitourinary system or tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (OR=12.6; 95%CI 6.4;24.6); there were more concomitant oncological diseases (OR=66.2; 95%CI 19.3;226.8), diabetes mellitus (OR=9.9; 95%CI 4.5;22.1), chronic kidney disease (OR=27.0; 95%CI 13.6;53.3). In patients ≥65 years old compared with non-drug users IE patients <65 years old (n=266), the incidence of enterococcal IE was higher (OR=3.3; 95%CI 1.4;7.9); the timing of IE diagnosis was longer – 60 (37;152) vs 30 (20;110) days (p<0.05); cardiac surgery was performed less often (8% vs 24.8%; p<0.05); in-hospital mortality was almost two-fold higher. However, with the exclusion from the mortality rate assessment of postmortem diagnosed IE cases in-hospital mortality in patients ≥65 years old and patients <65 years old did not differ significantly (14.8% vs 12.2% in non-drug users <65 years old and 14.9% in drug-users IE).

Conclusion. Late diagnosis of IE and comorbidity, which limits the possibility of cardiac surgery, are the most important prognostic unfavorable features of IE in the elderly.
Toxic Effects of Purified Microcystins from Soil Blue-Green Alga Oscillatoria pseudogeminata on Tomato Plant Lycopersicon esculentum
Authors: Et al. Al-Sultan
Published: April 2020

The current study included the isolation, purification and cultivation of blue-green alga Oscillatoria pseudogeminata G.Schmidle from soil using the BG-11liquid culture medium for 60 days of cultivation. The growth constant (k) and generation time (G) were measured which (K=0.144) and (G=2.09 days).

Microcystins were purified and determined qualitatively and quantitatively from this alga by using the technique of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa Kits). The alga showed the ability to produce microcystins in concentration reached 1.47 µg/L for each 50 mg DW. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) aged two months were irrigated with three concentrations of purified microcystins 0.5 , 3.0 and 6.0 µg/L for 24 days. The results showed that the highest bioaccumulation of these toxins was found in the plant group treated with concentration 6.0 μg/L, with an average of 12.278 µg/L in the entire plant body, with a daily accumulation rate of 0.511 µg/day compared with control group and other treatments (p≤0.05).

 The highly accumulation of  toxin was found in roots followed in descending order by stems and leaves respectively and were directly proportional to the increased concentration of purified microcystins. The study indicated that there were significant changes (p≤0.05) in the plant height, length of roots and surface area of the leaves and the leaves appeared pale green in color, which increased with increasing the concentration of purified toxin. The obtained results also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates and chlorophylls by increasing concentrations of purified toxins.
How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Drabarek Dorothy , Jenkins Aaron , Negin Joel , Abimbola Seye
Published: April 2020

Background Access to safe water and sanitation is considered a basic human right and a focus of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many water and sanitation interventions do not have long lasting impacts in communities and are generally associated with high levels of failure. Limited information is available to understand what types of interventions work for whom and under what circumstances. Methods A realist review to understand how, and under what circumstances community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts access (to safe water and sanitation), change (in health status or behaviour), and sustainability (of resources and services). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify studies from low- and middle-income countries.Results We reviewed 56 studies conducted in 25 countries. We identified five mechanisms that explain access, change and sustainability outcomes: 1) accountability (policies and procedures to hold communities and committees responsible for their actions and outcomes of an initiative), 2) diffusion (spread of an idea or behaviour by innovators over time through communication amongst members of a community), 3) market (the interplay between demand and supply of a service or resource), 4) ownership (sense of possession and control of the service or resource), and 5) shame (a feeling of disgust in one’s behaviour or actions). Contextual elements identified include: community location, communities with similar characteristics, communication, leadership, fines/penalties, seasonality, resource dependency, access to resources and funding, community financial and technical skills and knowledge, leadership, ongoing support and acknowledgement of change, community connectedness and social cohesion, community willingness to pay, committees that followed and understood responsibilities, rules and management plans, active committees with women and community/committee involvement in the design, planning or implementation of the intervention. Conclusion The findings highlight five key mechanisms, impacted by 19 contextual factors that explain outcomes of community-based water and sanitation interventions. Policy makers, program implementers and institutions need to consider community dynamics, location, resources, committees and level of community involvement, prior to the introduction of community-based water and sanitation interventions.
Genomic analysis for Biosynthesis and Metabolic Pathway of Elsinochrome Toxin produced by Elsinoë arachidis
Authors: Jiao Wenli , Xu Mengxue , Zhou Rujun , Liu Lu , Li Zibo , Xue Caiyun
Published: April 2020

Background: Elsinoë arachidis, an important peanut pathogenic fungus that distributes widely and leads to large-scale losses in peanut producing regions in China, produce elsinochromes (ESCs) as the vital toxin through pathogenic process. However, the biosynthesis of elsinochromes have not been investigated and the transcriptional response of the light on synthesis of elsinochrome in Elsinoë is poorly understood. Results: In this paper, high-quality genome of E. arachidis by PacBio RS II sequencing method was reported. The 33.18Mb genome encodes 9056 predicted genes, of which the proportion of genes encoding secreted proteins 8.0% (734 secreted proteins), 124 transporter-related genes, 949 signal peptides, 1,829 transmembrane protein-coding genes, 127 non-coding RNAs and 13 pseudogenes. Mapped the E. arachidis assembly to 16 scaffold that contain 86 secondary metabolites gene clusters, including six polyketide synthase gene clusters encoding two melanin, one elsinochromes and three T-toxin were also identified in the genome. Additionally, ESC biosynthesis-related gene cluster predicted to contain ESCB1 which was high expression under light condition. Conclusion: Analysis of genomic information of E. arachidis lays a solid molecular data foundation for further exploration of pathogenic mechanisms and toxin biosynthesis pathways. Taken together, we provide a valuable foundation in the biosynthesis of elsinochrome and essential information for further comprehend its virulence mechanism.
Electroclinical characteristics of seizures arising from the posterior cingulate cortex and surgical outcomes based on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)
Authors: Yan Zhaofen , Wang Jing , Deng Qin Qin , Yang Yujiao , Feng Xing , Zhou Jian , Guan YuGuang , Zhai Feng , Wang Mengyang , Luan Guoming
Published: April 2020

Background Seizures arising from the posterior cingulate cortex are rare, and few studies have to characterized the clinical presentation of such seizures within the anatomic context of the limbic network. We aimed to characterize the electrophysiological properties and clinical features of seizures arising from the PCC and surgical outcomes based on data from stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).Methods The present retrospective study included 12 patients with medically intractable epilepsy, all diagnosed with posterior cingulate epilepsy via stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) at Sanbo Hospital between 2014 and 2018.This retrospective analysis included clinical semiology, scalp EEG/SEEG findings and surgical outcomes of twelve intractable PCE patients.Results Six of the twelve patients reported auras, including vestibular responses (3/6),blurred vision (2/6), and fear and déjà vu(1/6). Clinical semiology included dialeptic seizures(3/12),automotor seizures(4/12) and complex motor behaviours(5/12).The classifications of scalp EEG varied, including bilateral regional posterior temporal-occipital discharges in eight cases, regional anterior-middle temporal discharges in two cases, and no epileptic discharge in two cases.In five patients, ictal onset occurred mainly in the tempo–parietal–occipital area.In ten patients, the seizure onset zone by SEEG occurred in the posterior cingulate gyrus, which spread to the medial temporal, precuneus, inferior parietal lobe and long insular gyrus. However, for the two patients with posterior cingulate lesions, the seizure onset zone was the contralateral hippocampal head that spread to the posterior cingulate lesion. One patient was seizure free after posterior cingulate gyrus lesion resection, but another had 50% fewer seizures by using SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Nine patients who underwent epilepsy surgery were seizure-free(Engel IA: 7/9;EngelIB: 2/9).One patient showed a 30% reduction in seizures by using SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation but not surgical resection.Conclusions Our findings indicate that the clinical characteristics of posterior cingulate epilepsy vary among patients, and recognition of a posterior cingulate focus is challenging, especially with MRI-negative epilepsies.Scalp EEG is of little use when attempting to localize posterior cingulate seizures.For patients with pharmacoresistant posterior cingulateepilepsy, favourable outcomes (Engel class I) could be observed by using SEEG.The SEEG findingsin PCE showed that the seizure onset zone and epileptogenic zone were a set of interconnected regional systems.Clinical trial registration Restrospective case reports do NOT need registration of clinical trials.
Cadmium, copper, and chromium levels in maize plants and soil fertilized with sewage sludge
Authors: Reis Iolanda Maria Soares , Alves Suelen Cristina Nunes , Melo Wanderley José de , Silva Laércio Santos , Freitas Ludmila de , Oliveira Ivanildo Amorim de , Barros Ianna Bizerra , Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca de , Melo Valéria Peruca de
Published: April 2020

The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer is a widespread practice. However, the presence of heavy metals and pathogens in sludge are a cause for concern. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in leaves, aerial parts, and kernels of maize grown in red latosol that was fertilized with sewage sludge for 15 consecutive years. Metal concentrations in soil and kernel yield were also determined. A randomized block design was used, with five replicates and four treatments: T1, mineral fertilization (control); T2, application of sewage sludge at 5 Mg ha−1; T3, application of sewage sludge at 10 Mg ha−1; and T4, application of sewage sludge at 20 Mg ha−1. All plots received potassium (K) supplementation. Fertilization with sewage sludge was as efficient as mineral fertilization. Sewage sludge had no negative effect on kernel yield. A negative correlation was observed between metal concentrations in soil and plant samples. Cd was detected at ≤0.04 mg kg−1 in kernels and Cu at ≤2.34 mg kg−1, whereas Cr was not detected in any sample. These levels are considered safe for human consumption, according to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. Fertilization with sewage sludge for 15 years did not increase Cu, Cd, and Cr levels in the soil and had no negative effect on maize, which shows the potential of sewage sludge for agricultural use.
Estimation of adaptability and stability of early strains of ‘Carioca’ and black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Richardson Sales , Santos Paulo Ricardo dos , Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Nascimento Maxwel Rodrigues , Souza Alexandre Gomes de , Oliveira Larissa Jaina da Silva de , Silva Katiane da Rosa Gomes da , Costa Kleyton Danilo da Silva , Costa Antônio Félix da , Santos Helton Pereira
Published: April 2020

Low yields of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean varieties are a consequence of instability and low yield adaptability to specific growing environments. The goal of this work was to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean new lines aiming at obtaining genotypes with high grain yield and good adaptability and stability. In (2012), 15 genotypes of the black group were evaluated in Ibimirim, Belém do São Francisco, and Petrolina municipalities, in Pernambuco State, Brazil; and, in (2016), 11 genotypes of early ‘Carioca’ bean were evaluated in Caruaru, Arcoverde, and Araripina municipalities, also in Pernambuco State. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates, and grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which means were compared by the Tukey’s test and analysis via GGE Biplot. In Arcoverde, the grain yield was greater for all early ‘Carioca’ bean genotypes, whereas, in the environment of Petrolina, there was the worst grain yield in kg ha-1 for all black bean genotypes, individually. The GGE Biplot methodology was found to be efficient in identifying genotypes with good adaptability, stability, and yield. Differences presented by the genotypes for the grain yield trait give the basis to recommend the genotypes and express the possibility of selection for genetic improvement of the species.
Temporal rainfall variability as inductor of the phenology of Brazilian semiarid species
Authors: Andrade Alberício Pereira de , Silva Divan Soares da , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Silva Dinnara Layza Souza da , Junior João Luciano de Andrade Melo , Magalhães André Luiz Rodrigues , Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade , Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes de
Published: April 2020

Usually, in the Brazilian semiarid region where dry and humid periods are well determined, phenological events are mainly affected by seasonal rainfall and availability of water in the soil. The studies in these regions have importance especially to understand the dynamics of dry forests. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the phenophases of trees P. pyramidalis, C. blachetianus, A. pyrifolium and J. mollissima, and their relationship with the temporal distribution of rainfall, which occurs in the form of pulses. Furthermore, the effect of goat grazing was evaluated. The experimental areas presented different caprine stockings, where first had ten and the second five. The third stocking remained without goats during the experimental period. For the phenological follow-up, 50 tree individuals of each species were selected, tagged and monitored weekly, at Experimental Station, in the municipality of São João do Cariri-PB. In order to quantify the phenological events, the percentage of Fournier intensity was used, registering the presence and absence of the phenophases: sprouting, flowering, fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. The phenological events presented annual patterns, with interannual variations in intensity. We observed that the phenophases occur in synchrony with the temporal distribution of the rainfall pulses in the area of its occurrence. As the dry season progresses, reduction in sprouting, flowering and fruiting occurs when the inter-pulses of rainfall was intensified. The presence of goats did not influence the phenological development of the species.
Microorganisms during cocoa fermentation: systematic review
Authors: Ordoñez-Araque Roberto H. , Landines-Vera Edgar F. , Urresto-Villegas Julio C. , Caicedo-Jaramillo Carla F.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) originates from Ecuador. It is one of the oldest foods in the world. The fact that cocoa is the main component in chocolate industry makes it one of the most quoted raw materials today. The chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory properties of cocoa determine its quality and, as a result, economic and nutritional value. The research objective was to conduct a detailed analysis of cocoa fermentation process and to study the transformations this raw material is subjected to during processing.

Study objects and methods. The present article introduces a substantial bibliographic review based on three databases: Science Direct, Scopus, and Medline. The scientific publications were selected according to several factors. First, they had to be relevant in terms of cocoa fermentation. Second, they were written in English or Spanish. Third, the papers were indexed in high-impact journals. The initial selection included 350 articles, while the final list of relevant publications featured only 50 works that met all the requirements specified above.

Results and discussion. The main characteristics of yeasts, lactic bacteria, and acetic bacteria were analyzed together with their main parameters to describe their activities during different stages of alcoholic, lactic, and acetic fermentation. A thorough analysis of the main enzyme-related processes that occur during fermentation makes it possible to optimize the use of substrates, temperature, time, pH, acidity, and nutrients. As a result, the finished product contains an optimal concentration of volatile compounds that are formed in the beans during fermentation. The study featured the main strains of fermentation-related microorganisms, their activities, main reactions, and products.

Conclusion. This study makes it possible to improve the process of fermentation to obtain beans with a better chemical composition.
Urban Food Insecurity: The relationship between community resilience and urban agriculture
Authors: Mohd Salleh Anizah , Harun Nor Zalina , Abdul Halim Sharina
Published: April 2020

This article presents the relationship between community resilience and urban agriculture as a strategy for food and nutrition security for vulnerable urban groups. Through a systematic literature review and using thematic analysis, the study reveals four related domains identified as food security, food production, food flow, and resilience strategy. Community resiliency was presented through the contribution of urban agriculture as part of community preparedness, response, and recovery in short and long-term impacts. The study concludes that green space provision in a residential area acts as a viable support system underlining the economic, social, and environmental interaction.
Survey of Purple Blotch Disease in Onion growing Districts of Bihar
Authors: TIWARI1 J K , SINGH H M , DIVYA DIVYA
Published: April 2020

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops grown in India. Inviewofthedestructivenature of purple blotch of onion the present investigation was conducted in different district of Biharduring Kharif and Rabi2018-2019.The highest disease incidence (37.17%) and intensity (38.95 %) was noticed in field of Pariaunna village of Nalanda district during Rabi season whereas highest disease incidence (21.24%) was recorded in field of village Kushahar and highest intensity (28.30 %) wasnoticedin field of village Paharpur district Vaishali during kharif season. While,thelowestdiseaseincidence(17.62 % )and (21.25%) intensity was recorded in Azampur village of Vaishali district during rabi season, but in kharif season lowest (8.74%) disease incidence and (10.85%) intensity was observed in village Basaria district Samatipur . Among the districts, severity of disease more in Nalanda (36.64%) and less in Vaishali (26.78%) were recorded duringrabi season, while less disease intensity (14.41%) in Samastipur district recorded in kharif season with highest value 26.21 % in Begusarai district.
Impact of Cluster Frontline Demonstration on Yield of Chickpea in Nalanda, Bihar
Authors: SINGH N K , KUMAR SANJEEV , SINGH B K , HASAN WAJID
Published: April 2020

The yield gaps between cluster frontline demonstration (CFLD) and Farmers practice extent of technology adoption and extension gap. Krishi Vigyan conducted cluster Frontline demonstration on chickpea, Kendra, Nalanda, Bihar during the year 2015-16, 2016-17, and 2017-18 in 16, 07 and 2 villages, respectively. Results of CFLD reveals that the variety (GNG 1581) recorded the highest grain yield (19.78q/ha). It was 23 percent higher over the farmer practice (16.12q/ha). An average yield of 18.60q/ha was recorded in cluster frontline demonstration and in farmer practices, it was just 14.73 q/ha. Thus,the average technology gap, extension gap and technology index of 5.39 q/ha, 4.60 q/ha and 23.67 percent, respectively were obtained between demonstration and farmer practices. The average yield of chickpea increased 26.66 percent over farmer practices, while the year wise variation in yield increased from 17.00 to 40.00 percent.
Efficacy of the Ascure Smoking Cessation Program: Retrospective Study
Authors: Kato Ayaka , Tanigawa Tomoyuki , Satake Kohta , Nomura Akihiro
Published: April 2020

Background

Smoking cessation helps extend a healthy life span and reduces medical expenses. However, the standard 12-week smoking cessation program in Japan has several notable problems. First, only 30% of participants complete this program. Second, participants may choose not to participate unless they have a strong motivation to quit smoking, such as health problems. Third, the program does not provide enough support during the period between clinical visits and after 12 weeks.

Objective

This study examined the efficacy of the 24-week ascure program to address the problems of accessibility and continuous support. The program combines online mentoring, over-the-counter pharmacotherapy, and a smartphone app.

Methods

Using a retrospective study design, we investigated data for 177 adult smokers who were enrolled in the ascure smoking cessation program between August 2017 and August 2018. The primary outcomes were continuous abstinence rates (CARs) during weeks 9-12 and weeks 21-24. To confirm smoking status, we performed salivary cotinine testing at weeks 12 and 24. We also evaluated the program adherence rate. Finally, we performed exploratory analysis to determine the factors associated with continuous abstinence at weeks 21-24 to provide insights for assisting with long-term continuous abstinence.

Results

The CARs of all participants for weeks 9-12 and weeks 21-24 were 48.6% (95% CI 41.2-56.0) and 47.5% (95% CI 40.0-54.8), respectively. Program adherence rates were relatively high throughout (72% at week 12 and 60% at week 24). In the analysis of the factors related to the CAR at weeks 21-24, the number of entries in the app’s digital diary and number of educational videos watched during the first 12 weeks were significant factors.

Conclusions

The ascure program achieved favorable CARs, and participants showed high adherence. Proactive usage of the smartphone app may help contribute to smoking cessation success in the long-term.
Self-Perceptions of Readiness to Use Electronic Health Records Among Medical Students: Survey Study
Authors: Lander Lina , Baxter Sally L , Cochran Gary L , Gali Helena E , Cook Kristen , Hatch Thomas , Taylor Regan , Awdishu Linda
Published: April 2020

Background

Although several national organizations have declared the ability to work with electronic health records (EHRs) as a core competency of medical education, EHR education and use among medical students vary widely. Previous studies have reported EHR tasks performed by medical students, but students’ self-perceived readiness and comfort with EHRs are relatively unknown.

Objective

This study aimed to better understand medical students’ self-perceived readiness to use EHRs to identify potential curricular gaps and inform future training efforts based on students’ perspectives.

Methods

The authors deployed a survey investigating self-perceived comfort with EHRs at 2 institutions in the United States in May 2019. Descriptive statistics were generated regarding demographics, comfort level with various EHR-related tasks, and cross-institutional comparisons. We also assessed the impact of extracurricular EHR experience on comfort level.

Results

In total, 147 medical students responded, of which 80 (54.4%) were female, with equal distribution across all 4 years of training. Overall confidence was generally higher for students with longer extracurricular EHR experience, even when adjusted for age, gender, year of training, and institution. Students were most comfortable with tasks related to looking up information in the EHR and felt less comfortable with tasks related to entering new information and managing medications. Fourth-year students at both schools reported similar levels of comfort with EHR use, despite differences in preclinical EHR training. Open-ended comments emphasized the value of experiential training over didactic formats.

Conclusions

Information entry and medication management in the EHR represent areas for future curricular development. Experiential training via extracurricular activities and early clinical exposure may be high-yield approaches to help medical students achieve critical EHR competencies.
Real Effective Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: Empirical Evidence from India’s Sub-National Economies
Authors: Giap Tan Khee , Gopalan Sasidaran , Luthra Sarthak
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the impact of real effective exchange rates (REER), both in terms of levels and volatility, on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows for a panel of 35 Indian sub-national economies over the period 2000-2013. In light of the asymmetric distribution of FDI inflows within India, we focus on examining the nexus between FDI inflows at the sub-national level and India’s competitiveness captured by REER. Our empirical analysis reveals that movements in REER have a significant and negative impact on FDI inflows, while REER volatility is found to be inducing FDI. Our results are suggestive that FDI inflows into India are largely domestic market oriented in nature. Purpose: In light of the asymmetric distribution of FDI inflows within India, we focus on examining the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows at the sub-national level and India’s competitiveness captured by real effective exchange rates (REER). This paper investigates the impact of REER, both in terms of levels and volatility, on FDI inflows to 35 Indian sub-national economies over the period 2000-2013. Research Methodology: To examine the impact of REER on FDI inflows, we compile a panel dataset for 35 sub-national economies covering the time period 2000 to 2013. We employ panel fixed effects models to explore our relationship of interest between REER and FDI, controlling for other characteristics specific to a sub-national economy.Findings: Our empirical analysis reveals that movements in REER have a significant and negative impact on FDI inflows, while REER volatility is found to be inducing FDI. Our results are suggestive that FDI inflows into India are largely domestic market-oriented in nature. Originality/Value: Considering that India’s FDI inflows exhibit significant concentration patterns among selected regions, we exploit this heterogeneity at the sub-national level to empirically understand the determinants of FDI, with a particular focus on cost competitiveness as captured by REER. The extant literature has not explicitly focused on testing the impact of REER both in terms of its levels and volatility on FDI inflows to India at the sub-national level, especially not at the sub-national level. While admittedly the exchange rate varies only at the national level, the value-addition comes from understanding its interaction with state-varying macroeconomic indicators.
Legal Politics of Bureaucratic Reform in Really Good Governance According to Prophetical Law
Authors: Asyikin Nehru
Published: April 2020

Politik hukum dalam reformasi birokrasi pemerintahan sejatinya untuk terus melakukan perbaikan agar menjadi pelayan masyarakat dan mewujudkan good governance. Negara menempatkan diri sebagai pelayan publik memiliki perangkat pada jabatan-jabatan struktural dan jabatan fungsional. Problematik mengenai perilaku Korupsi, Kolusi, Nepotisme di wilayah birokrasi bukan karena payung hukum di Indonesia tidak kuat namun secara subyektif setiap aparatur sipil negara atau Pegawai Negeri Sipil belum sepenuhnya memiliki sifat-sfat sebagaimana dalam konsep profetik. Di sisi lain, profetik sendiri menjadi kebutuhan manakala Aparatur Sipil Negara atau Pegawai Negeri Sipil terus mengalami perubahan sosial, ekonomi, politik yang seiring berganti-ganti. Sehingga di harapkan konsep profetik ini menjadi cita-cita sosial etitknya di masa depan dan sebagai buku panduan setiap Aparatur Sipil Negara dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di dalam jiwanya dalam menjalankan tugas pelayanan publik.
Analogy Interpretation for Renewal Criminal Justice in Indonesia
Authors: Anaria Ulfa
Published: April 2020

Tatanan perundang-undangan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia sampai saat ini memakai pemikiran legal-positivisme, dimana hukum dianggap hanya sebatas menaati apa yang ada dalam teks dan pemaknaannya yang masih formal-tekstualis. Hukum haruslah memiliki unsur keadilan dalam memutus setiap perkara. Pemikiran legal-postivistik ini dianggap bertentangan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat. Perkembangan zaman menuntut hukum harus fleksibel, mengharuskan pembaharuan pada hukum pidana terutama pada institusi peradilan yang diperankan oleh hakim. Pembaharuan ini berupa dibolehkannya seorang hakim menggunakan penafsiran analogi dalam memutus perkara baru. Perkembangan zaman yang semakin canggih memunculkan banyak persoalan baru di masyarakat. Penelitian bermaksud mengkritisi pelarangan analogi yang dianggap bertentangan dengan asas legalitas.
The Future of Broadcasting
Authors: Mundy Simon , Schilte Esmée
Published: April 2020

At the end of the last century, a dictionary could confidently define broadcasting as the transmission of a signal for television or radio. Within a decade, every element of that definition had changed. Transmission had branched out from the cumbersome business of placing masts bearing receivers and transmitters at the highest vantage points across the countryside. A signal was no longer confined to the band waves that the air could carry — invisible streams snaking their way across the landscape: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrying television, as long as the hills weren’t in the way; Very High Frequency (VHF or FM)carrying wonderful quality sound, as long as the same hills were not joined by chimneys, bodies, the wrong sort of cloud or stonework; Long Wave, unstoppable by anything except distance, it seemed,carrying cricket and the shipping forecast across Europe and far out to sea; Medium Wave(AM), the carrier of choice for hosts of daytime local music stations and great for listening in the car, but hopeless when night fell and the waves went bouncing around the ionosphere bringing martial music from Albania where the football commentary should have been; and Short Wave — the touchiest of the wave bands, that made catching the words as hard as catching fish, but finally gave national broadcasters a global reach.
The Audience Experience Changing roles and relationships
Authors: Walmsley Ben , Franks Anna
Published: April 2020

This chapter will focus on the changing role of the modern-day consumer and audience member and explore the implications of this development for arts and entertainment organisations. It will begin with an exploration of the ‘experience economy’ (Pine and Gilmore, 1999), demonstrating how the changing needs, abilities and expectations of audiences and consumers are effecting revolutionary shift in behaviour from the traditional push from producers towards a creative dialogue, where consumers have at least a voice and sometimes even an equal role as artist and co-producer. The chapter will go on to discuss the rise of what we’ll call ‘creative interaction’, the intermediary space where professional artists, producers, venues and content providers join their audiences and consumers to create or experience something new together. This discussion will be underpinned by a focus on the changing role and mission of arts and entertainment organisations from privileged gatekeepers to facilitators.