bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRPC6 contributes to LPS-induced inflammation through ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Zhou Li-Fen , Chen Qing-Zi , Yang Chun-Tao , Fu Zhao-Di , Zhao Shen-Ting , Chen Yan , Li Shu-Ni , Liao Li , Zhou Yu-Bo , Huang Jian-Rong , Li Jian-Hua
Published: November 2017

receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are presently an emerging target for airway disorders. Recent evidence has indicated that TRPC6 as a member of the TRPC family plays an important role in airway inflammation, but its precise function in bronchial epithelial cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPC6 in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Hyp9 is a simplified phloroglucinol derivative of hyperforin that highly selectively activates TRPC6 channels. The results show that the activation of TRPC6 by Hyp9 induced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6. LPS was also able to induce the release of IL-8 and IL-6, which was significantly aggravated by Hyp9 and reduced by knockdown of TRPC6. Treatment with LPS not only chronically induced the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein in a TLR4-dependent manner but also acutely increased Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels. In addition, LPS-induced overexpression of TRPC6 and Ca2+ influx were associated with the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. Importantly, TRPC6 was required for the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB. In conclusion, these data reveal that LPS induced the overexpression of TRPC6 and TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx via the TLR4/PI3K/Akt pathway resulting in Ca2+ mobilization, which subsequently promoted the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB and the inflammatory response in bronchial epithelial cells.
Novel differences in renal gene expression in a diet-induced obesity model
Authors: Halperin Kuhns Victoria L. , Pluznick Jennifer L.
Published: November 2017

Obesity is a significant risk factor for both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. To better understand disease development, we sought to identify novel genes differentially expressed early in disease progression. We first confirmed that mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit early signs of renal injury including hyperfiltration. We then performed RNA-Seq using renal cortex RNA from C57BL6/J male mice fed either HF or control (Ctrl) diet. We identified 1,134 genes differentially expressed in the cortex on HF vs. Ctrl, of which 31 genes were selected for follow-up analysis. This included the 9 most upregulated, the 11 most downregulated, and 11 genes of interest (primarily sensory receptors and G proteins). Quantitative (q)RT-PCR for these 31 genes was performed on additional male renal cortex and medulla samples, and 11 genes (including all 9 upregulated genes) were selected for further study based on qRT-PCR. We then examined expression of these 11 genes in Ctrl and HF male heart and liver samples, which demonstrated that these changes are relatively specific to the renal cortex. These 11 genes were also examined in female renal cortex, where we found that the expression changes seen in males on a HF diet are not replicated in females, even when the females are started on the diet sooner to match weight gain of the males. In sum, these data demonstrate that in a HF-diet model of early disease, novel transcriptional changes occur that are both sex specific and specific to the renal cortex.
Physiological and pathophysiological firing properties of single postganglionic sympathetic neurons in humans
Authors: Macefield Vaughan G. , Wallin B. Gunnar
Published: November 2017

It has long been known from microneurographic recordings in human subjects that the activity of postganglionic sympathetic axons occurs as spontaneous bursts, with muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) exhibiting strong cardiac rhythmicity via the baroreflex and skin sympathetic nerve activity showing much weaker cardiac modulation. Here we review the firing properties of single sympathetic neurons, obtained using highly selective microelectrodes. Individual vasoconstrictor neurons supplying muscle or skin, or sudomotor neurons supplying sweat glands, always discharge with a low firing probability (~30%) and at very low frequencies (~0.5 Hz). Moreover, they usually fire only once per cardiac interval but can fire greater than four times within a burst. Modeling has shown that this pattern can best be explained by individual neurons being driven by, on average, two preganglionic inputs. Unitary recordings of muscle vasoconstrictor neurons have been made in several pathophysiological states, including heart failure, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and panic disorder. The augmented MSNA in each of these diseases features an increase in firing probability and discharge frequency of individual muscle vasoconstrictor neurons above that seen in healthy subjects, yet firing rates rarely exceed 1 Hz. However, unlike patients with heart failure, all patients with respiratory disease or panic disorder, and patients with hyperhidrosis, exhibited an increase in multiple within-burst firing, which emphasizes the different modes by which the sympathetic nervous system grades its output in pathophysiological states of high sympathetic nerve activity.
Response of supraoculomotor area neurons during combined saccade-vergence movements
Authors: Pallus Adam C. , Walton Mark M. G. , Mustari Michael J.
Published: November 2017

Combined saccade-vergence movements allow humans and other primates to align their eyes with objects of interest in three-dimensions. In the absence of saccades, vergence movements are typically slow, symmetrical movements of the two eyes in opposite directions. However, combined saccade-vergence movements produce vergence velocities that exceed values observed during vergence alone. This phenomenon is often called “vergence enhancement”, or “saccade-facilitated vergence,” though it is important to consider that rapid vergence changes, known as “vergence transients,” are also observed during conjugate saccades. We developed a visual target array that allows monkeys to make saccades in all directions between targets spaced at distances that correspond to ~1° intervals of vergence angle relative to the monkey. We recorded the activity of vergence-sensitive neurons in the supra-oculomotor area (SOA), located dorsal and lateral to the oculomotor nucleus while monkeys made saccades with vergence amplitudes ranging from 0 to 10°. The primary focus of this study was to test the hypothesis that neurons in the SOA fire a high frequency burst of spikes during saccades that could generate the enhanced vergence. We found that individual neurons encode vergence velocity during both saccadic and non-saccadic vergence, yet firing rates were insufficient to produce the observed enhancement of vergence velocity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that slow vergence changes are encoded by the SOA while fast vergence movements require an additional contribution from the saccadic system.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research into combined saccade-vergence movements has so far focused on exploring the saccadic neural circuitry, leading to diverging hypotheses regarding the role of the vergence system in this behavior. In this study, we report the first quantitative analysis of the discharge of individual neurons that encode vergence velocity in the monkey brain stem during combined saccade-vergence movements.
Patterns of intermuscular inhibitory force feedback across cat hindlimbs suggest a flexible system for regulating whole limb mechanics
Authors: Lyle Mark A. , Nichols T. Richard
Published: November 2017

Prior work has suggested that Golgi tendon organ feedback, via its distributed network linking muscles spanning all joints, could be used by the nervous system to help regulate whole limb mechanics if appropriately organized. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the patterns of intermuscular force-dependent feedback between the primary extensor muscles spanning the knee, ankle, and toes in decerebrate cat hindlimbs. Intermuscular force feedback was evaluated by stretching tendons of selected muscles in isolation and in pairwise combinations and then measuring the resulting force-dependent intermuscular interactions. The relative inhibitory feedback between extensor muscles was examined, as well as symmetry of the interactions across limbs. Differences in the directional biases of inhibitory feedback were observed across cats, with three patterns identified as points on a spectrum: pattern 1, directional bias of inhibitory feedback onto the ankle extensors and toe flexors; pattern 2, convergence of inhibitory feedback onto ankle extensors and mostly balanced inhibitory feedback between vastus muscle group and flexor hallucis longus, and pattern 3, directional bias of inhibitory feedback onto ankle and knee extensors. The patterns of inhibitory feedback, while different across cats, were symmetric across limbs of individual cats. The variable but structured distribution of force feedback across cat hindlimbs provides preliminary evidence that inhibitory force feedback could be a regulated neural control variable. We propose the directional biases of inhibitory feedback observed experimentally could provide important task-dependent benefits, such as directionally appropriate joint compliance, joint coupling, and compensation for nonuniform inertia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Feedback from Golgi tendon organs project widely among extensor motor nuclei in the spinal cord. The distributed nature of force feedback suggests these pathways contribute to the global regulation of limb mechanics. Analysis of this network in individual animals indicates that the strengths of these pathways can be reorganized appropriately for a variety of motor tasks, including level walking, slope walking, and landing.
Novel Ca2+-dependent mechanisms regulate spontaneous release at excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Babiec Walter E. , O’Dell Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

Although long thought to simply be a source of synaptic noise, spontaneous, action potential-independent release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals has multiple roles in synaptic function. We explored whether and to what extent the two predominantly proposed mechanisms for explaining spontaneous release, stochastic activation of voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) or activation of Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) by extracellular Ca2+, played a role in the sensitivity of spontaneous release to the level of extracellular Ca2+concentration at excitatory synapses at CA1 pyramidal cells of the adult male mouse hippocampus. Blocking VGCCs with Cd2+had no effect on spontaneous release, ruling out stochastic activation of VGCCs. Although divalent cation agonists of CaSRs, Co2+and Mg2+, dramatically enhanced miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency, potent positive and negative allosteric modulators of CaSRs had no effect. Moreover, immunoblot analysis of hippocampal lysates failed to detect CaSR expression, ruling out the CaSR. Instead, the increase in mEPSC frequency induced by Co2+and Mg2+was mimicked by lowering postsynaptic Ca2+levels with BAPTA. Together, our results suggest that a reduction in intracellular Ca2+may trigger a homeostatic-like compensatory response that upregulates spontaneous transmission at excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult hippocampus.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that the predominant theories for explaining the regulation of spontaneous, action potential-independent synaptic release do not explain the sensitivity of this type of synaptic transmission to external Ca2+concentration at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. In addition, our data indicate that intracellular Ca2+levels in CA1 pyramidal cells regulate spontaneous release, suggesting that excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells may express a novel, rapid form of homeostatic plasticity.
Assessing TMS-induced D and I waves with spinal H-reflexes
Authors: Niemann Niclas , Wiegel Patrick , Kurz Alexander , Rothwell John C. , Leukel Christian
Published: November 2017

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex produces a series of descending volleys known as D (direct) and I (indirect) waves. In the present study, we questioned whether spinal H-reflexes can be used to dissect D waves and early and late I waves from TMS. We therefore probed H-reflex facilitation at arrival times of D and I waves at the spinal level and thereby changed TMS parameters that have previously been shown to have selective effects on evoked D and different I waves. We changed TMS intensity and current direction and applied a double-pulse paradigm known as short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Experiments were conducted in flexor carpi radialis (FCR) in the arm and soleus (SOL) in the leg. There were two major findings: 1) in FCR, H-reflex facilitation showed characteristic modulations with altered TMS parameters that correspond to the changes of evoked D and I waves; and 2) H-reflexes in SOL did not, possibly because of increased interference from other spinal circuits. Therefore, the most significant outcome of this study is that in FCR, H-reflexes combined with TMS seem to be a useful technique to dissect TMS-induced D and I waves.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Questions that relate to corticospinal function in pathophysiology and movement control demand sophisticated techniques to provide information about corticospinal mechanisms. We introduce a noninvasive electrophysiological technique that may be useful in describing such mechanisms in more detail by dissecting D and I waves from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Based on the combination of spinal H-reflexes and TMS in the flexor carpi radialis muscle, the technique was shown to measure selective effects on D and I waves from changing TMS parameters.
A Highly Accurate Approach for Aeroelastic System with Hysteresis Nonlinearity
Authors: Cui C. C. , Xie S. X. , Huang X. C. , Liu J. K. , Chen Y. M.
Published: November 2017

We propose an accurate approach, based on the precise integration method, to solve the aeroelastic system of an airfoil with a pitch hysteresis. A major procedure for achieving high precision is to design a predictor-corrector algorithm. This algorithm enables accurate determination of switching points resulting from the hysteresis. Numerical examples show that the results obtained by the presented method are in excellent agreement with exact solutions. In addition, the high accuracy can be maintained as the time step increases in a reasonable range. It is also found that the Runge-Kutta method may sometimes provide quite different and even fallacious results, though the step length is much less than that adopted in the presented method. With such high computational accuracy, the presented method could be applicable in dynamical systems with hysteresis nonlinearities.
An Orderly Untangling Model against Arching Effect in Emergency Evacuation Based on Equilibrium Partition of Crowd
Authors: Jin Lianghai , Xiang Mingzhang , Chen Shu , Zheng Xiazhong , Yao Ruojun , Chen Yangao
Published: November 2017

To untangle the arching effect of a crowd as much as possible in emergency evacuations, we employ a theoretical model of equilibrium partition of crowd batch. Based on the shortest time arrangement of evacuation, the crowd is divided into appropriate batches according to the occupied time of evacuation channel in order to determine the occupant number of every evacuation passageway. The number of each batch crowd is calculated under the condition that the time of entering the evacuation passageway is equal to the time of crossing over the evacuation passageway. Subsequently, the shortest processing time (SPT) rule establishes the evacuation order of each batch. Taking a canteen of China Three Gorges University as a background, we obtain the waiting time from the first person to the last one entering the evacuation channel in every batch by simulation. This research utilizes data from simulations to observe an untangling process against the arching effect based on the SPT rule. More specifically, evacuation time only lasts for 180.1 s in order and is 1.6 s longer than that in disorder, but the arching effect disappears. Policy recommendations are offered to improve the evacuation scheme in disaster operations.
Broadband Wireless Channel in Composite High-Speed Railway Scenario: Measurements, Simulation, and Analysis
Authors: Ding Jianwen , Zhang Lei , Yang Jingya , Sun Bin , Huang Jiying
Published: November 2017

The rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) and train-ground communications with high reliability, safety, and capacity promotes the evolution of railway dedicated mobile communication systems from Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) to Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R). The main challenges for LTE-R network planning are the rapidly time-varying channel and high mobility, because HSR lines consist of a variety of complex terrains, especially the composite scenarios where tunnels, cuttings, and viaducts are connected together within a short distance. Existing researches mainly focus on the path loss and delay spread for the individual HSR scenarios. In this paper, the broadband measurements are performed using a channel sounder at 950 MHz and 2150 MHz in a typical HSR composite scenario. Based on the measurements, the pivotal characteristics are analyzed for path loss exponent, power delay profile, and tap delay line model. Then, the deterministic channel model in which the 3D ray-tracing algorithm is applied in the composite scenario is presented and validated by the measurement data. Based on the ray-tracing simulations, statistical analysis of channel characteristics in delay and Doppler domain is carried out for the HSR composite scenario. The research results can be useful for radio interface design and optimization of LTE-R system.
Objective Endoscopic Analysis with Linked Color Imaging regarding Gastric Mucosal Atrophy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mizukami Kazuhiro , Ogawa Ryo , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Shuto Mitsutaka , Fukuda Kensuke , Sonoda Akira , Matsunari Osamu , Hirashita Yuka , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari
Published: November 2017

Objectives. We aimed to determine whether linked color imaging (LCI), a new image-enhanced endoscopy that enhances subtle differences in mucosal colors, can distinguish the border of endoscopic mucosal atrophy. Methods. This study included 30 patients with atrophic gastritis. In endoscopy, we continuously took images in the same composition with both LCI and white light imaging (WLI). In each image, the color values of atrophic and nonatrophic mucosae were quantified using the International Commission on Illumination 1976 (L∗, a∗, b∗) color space. Color differences at the atrophic border, defined as Euclidean distances of color values between the atrophic and nonatrophic mucosae, were compared between WLI and LCI for the overall cohort and separately for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection status. Results. We found that the color difference became significantly higher with LCI than with WLI in the overall samples of 90 points in 30 patients. LCI was 14.79 ± 6.68, and WLI was 11.06 ± 5.44 (P<0.00001). LCI was also more effective in both of the Helicobacter pylori-infected group (P=0.00003) and the Helicobacter pylori-eradicated group (P=0.00002). Conclusions. LCI allows clear endoscopic visualization of the atrophic border under various conditions of gastritis, regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection status.
Chaotic S‐Box: Intertwining Logistic Map and Bacterial Foraging Optimization
Authors: Tian Ye , Lu Zhimao
Published: November 2017

As the unique nonlinear component of block ciphers, Substitution box (S‐box) directly affects the safety of a cryptographic system. It is important and difficult to design strong S‐box that simultaneously meets multiple cryptographic criteria such as bijection, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), differential probability (DP), and linear probability (LP). Though many chaotic S‐boxes have been proposed, the cryptographic performance of most of them needs to be further improved. A new chaotic S‐box based on the intertwining logistic map and bacterial foraging optimization is designed in this paper. It firstly iterates the intertwining logistic map to construct many S‐boxes and then applies a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm to find the optimal S‐box. Moreover, bacterial foraging optimization algorithm considers the nonlinearity and differential uniformity as the fitness functions in the optimization process. We experiment that the proposed S‐box can effectively resist multiple types of cryptanalysis attacks.
Nontraumatic Acute Elevation of Pancreatic Enzymes following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Rare Complication
Authors: Ferakis Nikolaos , Katsimantas Antonios , Zervopoulos Georgios , Klapsis Vasileios , Paparidis Spyridon , Venetsanos Filippos , Bouropoulos Konstantinos
Published: November 2017

Herein, we report the case of a 48-year-old female who developed nontraumatic acute pancreatitis following left supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Three hours postoperatively, the patient developed fever with signs and symptoms consistent with hydrothorax, which was confirmed radiologically and was managed conservatively. The following days, the patient developed manifestations of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Blood, urine, and sputum cultures were negative. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated 3 and 13 times above the normal level, respectively. Imaging studies revealed no pathologic findings from pancreas. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
A Transient Dynamic Model of Brake Corner and Subsystems for Brake Creep Groan Analysis
Authors: Meng Dejian , Zhang Lijun , Xu Jie , Yu Zhuoping
Published: November 2017

To improve the understanding of brake creep groan, both experimental and numerical studies are conducted in this paper. Based on a vehicle road test under the condition of downhill, complicated stick-slip type motion of caliper and its correlation with the interior noise were analyzed. In order to duplicate these brake creep groan phenomena, a transient dynamic model including brake corner and subsystems was established using finite element method. In the model, brake components were considered to be flexible body, and the subsystems including driveline, suspension, tire, and vehicle body were considered to be rigid body. Simulation and experimental results of caliper vibration in time and frequency domains were compared. It was demonstrated that the new model is effective for the prediction and analysis of brake creep groan, and it has higher accuracy compared to the previous model without the subsystems. It is also found that the lining and caliper not only have stick-slip motion in each coordinate direction but also have translational and torsional movements in plane, which relate to the microscopic sticking and slipping, friction coefficient, and forces, as well as the contact status at the friction interface.
Deficiency of the Purinergic Receptor 2X7 Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by High‐Fat Diet: Possible Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Blasetti Fantauzzi Claudia , Menini Stefano , Iacobini Carla , Rossi Chiara , Santini Eleonora , Solini Anna , Pugliese Giuseppe
Published: November 2017

Molecular mechanisms driving transition from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a critical step in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to cirrhosis, are poorly defined. This study aimed at investigating the role of the purinergic receptor 2X7 (PR2X7), through the NLRP3 inflammasome, in the development of NASH. To this end, mice knockout for the Pr2x7 gene (Pr2x7−/−) and coeval wild‐type (WT) mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or normal‐fat diet for 16 weeks. NAFLD grade and stage were lower in Pr2x7−/− than WT mice, and only 1/7 Pr2x7−/− animals showed evidence of NASH, as compared with 4/7 WT mice. Molecular markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were markedly increased in WT‐HFD mice, whereas no or significantly reduced increments were detected in Pr2x7−/− animals, which showed also decreased modulation of genes of lipid metabolism. Deletion of Pr2x7 gene was associated with blunted or abolished activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of its components, which were induced in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells challenged with appropriate stimuli. These data show that Pr2x7 gene deletion protects mice from HFD‐induced NASH, possibly through blunted activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that PR2X7 and NLRP3 may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Effect of Tai Chi Training on Dual‐Tasking Performance That Involves Stepping Down among Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chan Wing-Nga , Tsang William Wai-Nam
Published: November 2017

Descending stairs demands attention and neuromuscular control, especially with dual‐tasking. Studies have demonstrated that stroke often degrades a survivor’s ability to descend stairs. Tai Chi has been shown to improve dual‐tasking performance of healthy older adults, but no such study has been conducted in stroke survivors. This study investigated the effect of Tai Chi training on dual‐tasking performance that involved stepping down and compared it with that of conventional exercise among stroke survivors. Subjects were randomized into Tai Chi (n = 9), conventional exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 9) groups. Those in the former two groups received 12‐week training. Assessments included auditory Stroop test, stepping down test, and dual‐tasking test involving both simultaneously. They were evaluated before training (time‐1), after training (time‐2), and one month after training (time‐3). Tai Chi group showed significant improvement in the auditory Stroop test from time‐1 to time‐3 and the performance was significantly better than that of the conventional exercise group in time‐3. No significant effect was found in the stepping down task or dual‐tasking in the control group. These results suggest a beneficial effect of Tai Chi training on cognition among stroke survivors without compromising physical task performance in dual‐tasking. The effect was better than the conventional exercise group. Nevertheless, further research with a larger sample is warranted.
HIV among Female Sex Workers in Five Cities in Burkina Faso: A Cross-Sectional Baseline Survey to Inform HIV/AIDS Programs
Authors: Ouedraogo Henri Gautier , Ky-Zerbo Odette , Baguiya Adama , Grosso Ashley , Goodman Sara , Samadoulougou Benoît Cesaire , Lougue Marcel , Sawadogo Nongoba , Traore Yves , Barro Nicolas , Baral Stefan , Kouanda Seni
Published: November 2017

Background. Female sex workers (FSWs) are considered a vulnerable population for HIV infection and a priority for HIV/AIDS response programs. This study aimed to determine HIV prevalence among FSWs in five cities in Burkina Faso. Methods. FSWs aged 18 and older were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS) in five cities (Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Koudougou, Ouahigouya, and Tenkodogo) in Burkina Faso from 2013 to 2014. HIV testing was performed using the HIV testing national algorithm. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess correlates of HIV in all cities combined (not RDS-adjusted). Results. Among Ouagadougou, Koudougou, and Ouahigouya FSWs, RDS-adjusted HIV prevalence was 13.5% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 9.6–18.7), 13.3% (95% CI: 7.6–22.4), and 13.0% (95% CI: 7.6–21.3), respectively, compared to 30.1% (95% CI: 25.5–35.1) among Bobo-Dioulasso FSWs. Factors associated with HIV infection were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.84 95% CI: 3.78–16.20), being married or cohabitating (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.31–4.49), and history of pregnancy (aOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 1.44–18.97). Conclusion. These results highlight the need to strengthen HIV prevention among FSWs, through behavior change strategies, and improve access to sexual and reproductive health services.
A Review of Physical Activity and Circulating miRNA Expression: Implications in Cancer Risk and Progression
Authors: Dufresne Suzanne , Rébillard Amélie , Muti Paola , Friedenreich Christine M. , Brenner Darren R.
Published: November 2017

The role of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) in carcinogenesis has garnered considerable scientific interest. miRNAs may contribute actively to cancer development and progression, making them potential targets for cancer prevention and therapy. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) have been shown to alter c-miRNA expression, but the subsequent impact on cancer risk and prognosis is unknown. To provide a better understanding of how PA reduces the risk of cancer incidence and improves patient outcomes, we conducted a review of the impact of PA on c-miRNA expression, which includes a comprehensive synthesis of studies examining the impacts of acute and chronic exercise on expression of c-miRNAs. While the variability in methods used to assess miRNA expression creates challenges in comparing and/or synthesizing the literature, results to date suggest that the circulating form of several miRNAs known for playing a role in cancer (c-miR-133, c-miR-221/222, c-miR-126, and c-let-7) are altered by both acute and chronic PA. Additional research should develop standardized procedures for assessing both c-miRNA and PA measurement to improve the comparability of research results regarding the direction and amplitude of changes in c-miRNAs in response to PA. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 11–24. ©2017 AACR.
A P53-Deficiency Gene Signature Predicts Recurrence Risk of Patients with Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yanding , Varn Frederick S. , Cai Guoshuai , Xiao Feifei , Amos Christopher I. , Cheng Chao
Published: November 2017

Background: Lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality rate of all cancer types, and the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. To apply more effective therapeutic treatment, molecular markers that are able to predict the recurrence risk of patients with adenocarcinoma are critically needed. Mutations in TP53 tumor suppressor gene have been found in approximately 50% of lung adenocarcinoma cases, but the presence of a TP53 mutation does not always associate with increased mortality.

Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA sequencing data of lung adenocarcinoma were used to define a novel gene signature for P53 deficiency. This signature was then used to calculate a sample-specific P53 deficiency score based on a patient's transcriptomic profile and tested in four independent lung adenocarcinoma microarray datasets.

Results: In all datasets, P53 deficiency score was a significant predictor for recurrence-free survival where high P53 deficiency score was associated with poor survival. The score was prognostic even after adjusting for several key clinical variables including age, tumor stage, smoking status, and P53 mutation status. Furthermore, the score was able to predict recurrence-free survival in patients with stage I adenocarcinoma and was also associated with smoking status.

Conclusions: The P53 deficiency score was a better predictor of recurrence-free survival compared with P53 mutation status and provided additional prognostic values to established clinical factors.

Impact: The P53 deficiency score can be used to stratify early-stage patients into subgroups based on their risk of recurrence for aiding physicians to decide personalized therapeutic treatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 86–95. ©2017 AACR.
Autoantibodies against HSF1 and CCDC155 as Biomarkers of Early-Stage, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wilson Amy L. , Moffitt Laura R. , Duffield Nadine , Rainczuk Adam , Jobling Tom W. , Plebanski Magdalena , Stephens Andrew N.
Published: November 2017

Background: Tumor-directed circulating autoantibodies (AAb) are a well-established feature of many solid tumor types, and are often observed prior to clinical disease manifestation. As such, they may provide a good indicator of early disease development. We have conducted a pilot study to identify novel AAbs as markers of early-stage HGSOCs.

Methods: A rare cohort of patients with early (FIGO stage Ia-c) HGSOCs for IgG, IgA, and IgM-mediated AAb reactivity using high-content protein arrays (containing 9,184 individual proteins). AAb reactivity against selected antigens was validated by ELISA in a second, independent cohort of individual patients.

Results: A total of 184 antigens were differentially detected in early-stage HGSOC patients compared with all other patient groups assessed. Among the six most highly detected “early-stage” antigens, anti-IgA AAbs against HSF1 and anti-IgG AAbs CCDC155 (KASH5; nesprin 5) were significantly elevated in patients with early-stage malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that AAbs against HSF1 provided better detection of early-stage malignancy than CA125 alone. Combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 also improved efficacy at higher sensitivity.

Conclusions: The combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 may be useful for early-stage HGSOC detection.

Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify AAbs associated with early-stage HGSOC. The presence and high frequency of specific AAbs in early-stage cancer patients warrants a larger scale examination to define their value for early disease detection at primary diagnosis and/or recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 183–92. ©2017 AACR.
Exploring Parental Expectations and Experiences Around “Gentle” and “Standard” Caesarean Section
Authors: Onsea Jolien , Bijnens Bernadette , Van Damme Siska , Van Mieghem Tim
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: “Gentle” or “natural” cesarean sections are implemented to improve parental satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a need for adopting such a gentle approach. Methods: We recruited those with low-risk pregnancies scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at term. Three questionnaires were administered to both partners: prior to delivery, 2-5 days after delivery, and 6 weeks postpartum. Questionnaires assessed the couple's expectations, fears, and satisfaction prior to and after cesarean section. Additionally, participants attended 2 structured interviews: one prior to delivery and one 6 weeks after delivery. Results: Fifteen couples underwent a “standard” cesarean section (group 1) and 6 underwent a “gentle” section (group 2). Overall, parental satisfaction with cesarean section was high. However, women in the standard group felt less involved in childbirth and both groups still preferred vaginal delivery in light of eventual future pregnancies. Participants in group 2 showed less fear of childbirth after delivery than prior to delivery. There were no differences in total questionnaire scores between groups or between mothers and partners. Conclusion: This study shows that there is room for improvement in satisfaction levels around cesarean section, even though satisfaction is generally high. A “gentle” cesarean section may help to achieve this.
Epiretinal Membrane in Dome-Shaped Macula Complicated with Serous Retinal Detachment: Transient Efficacy of Surgery
Authors: Soudier Guillaume , Gaudric Alain , Gualino Vincent , Nardin Mathieu , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Gaucher David
Published: November 2017

Dome-shaped macula (DSM) is an entity recently described as a convex anterior protrusion of the macular area within a posterior myopic staphyloma. Specific complications were associated with DSM, like serous retinal detachment (SRD). We describe a woman presenting with a decreased vision at 20/50. SD-OCT scans were performed, showing a macular bulge. SRD was present and an epiretinal membrane could also be observed. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography did not show any leakage nor choroidal neovascularization. Epiretinal membrane peeling was performed, and 3 months after surgery, SRD completely disappeared. However, SRD reappeared 1 year after surgery and enlarged within 2 years following surgery. In conclusion, two mechanisms could be considered for physiopathology of SRD: first, the epiretinal membrane may have exerted traction on the macular retina, second, vitreous body might constitute a tank for cytokines and/or other factors, triggering subretinal fluid accumulation, leading to SRD.
Comparison of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and the Pap Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Sinha Parul , Srivastava Pritika , Srivastava Anand
Published: November 2017

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in the early detection of cervical cancer and compare it with the Pap smear. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 months. A total of 316 patients who attended the Gynecology Outpatient Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and gave their informed consent were included. Results: VIA was found positive in 38 patients (12.6%). Pap smear was positive in 31 patients (10.3%). Twenty-eight patients had a positive VIA and a positive Pap smear, 3 had a negative VIA and a positive Pap smear, 10 had a positive VIA and a negative Pap smear, and 34 had a negative VIA and a negative Pap smear. Conclusion: The sensitivity of VIA and the Pap smear was found to be nearly equal, 93.3 and 93.8%, respectively. The Pap smear was found to be more specific than VIA, i.e., 72.9 versus 60%. In terms of test accuracy, the Pap smear was found to have greater test accuracy, i.e., 77.3 versus 66.7% for VIA.
Trolline Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway, Promoting HSC Apoptosis and Suppressing Autophagy
Authors: Bai Facheng , Huang Quanfang , Nie Jinlan , Lu Shengjuan , Lu Chunyuan , Zhu Xunshuai , Wang Yuxin , Zhuo Lang , Lu Zhongpeng , Lin Xing
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Previous studies have shown that trolline possesses various forms of pharmacological activity, including antibacterial and antiviral potency. The present paper addressed the putative hepatoprotective effects of trolline. Methods: Rats received 2 ml/kg CCl4 (mixed 1: 1 in peanut oil) intragastrically twice a week for 8 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. The animals were then treated with trolline for additional 4 weeks. Liver pathology and collagen accumulation were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, respectively. Serum transaminase activity and collagen-related indicator level were determined by commercially available kits. NF-κB pathway activation was also examined. Moreover, the effects of trolline on hepatic stellate cell (HSC-T6) apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and autophagy were assessed. Results: Trolline significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver injury and notably reduced the accumulation of collagen in liver tissues. Trolline treatment also markedly decreased inflammatory cytokines levels by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Trolline strongly inhibited HSC-T6 activation and notably induced cell apoptosis by modulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase activity, and MMP. Moreover, trolline significantly inhibited HSC-T6 autophagy, as evidenced by the decrease in the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the number of autophagosomes, by regulating the expression levles of LC3, Beclin-1, P62, Atg 5 and 7. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that trolline ameliorates liver fibrosis, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, promoting HSCs apoptosis and suppressing autophagy.
Association of Functional Genetic Variants of HOTAIR with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Susceptibility in a Chinese Population
Authors: Li Hao , Tang Xian-Mei , Liu Yangchen , Li Weizhen , Chen Qiaoyun , Pan Yan
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: The HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HOTAIR are related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility in a Chinese population. Methods: We genotyped three SNPs of HOTAIR in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) case-control study, including 482 cases and 520 control subjects. SNPs were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Associations between gene polymorphisms and HCC were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The allele-specific effects on HOTAIR expression in HCC were confirmed by real time quantitative PCR and luciferase activity assays. The influence of HOTAIR SNPs on the proliferation of HCC cells was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Results: Significant associations were observed between the HOTAIR rs920778 C>T polymorphism and HCC risk (TT versus CC: OR = 1.634, 95% CI =1.028-2.598, P = 0.046) and the allelic model (allele T versus allele C: OR =1.293, 95% CI = 1.060-1.577, P = 0.011). However, no statistically significant differences of rs4759314 and rs1899663 genotypes were observed between patients and controls (both P > 0.05). The increased risk for rs920778 TT genotype carriers was more evident in a sub-group of drinkers (OR = 3.103, 95% CI = 1.151-8.368, p=0.025) and in people positive for HBV infection (OR = 2.885, 95% CI = 1.086-7.663, p=0.034). RT-PCR and luciferase activity assay confirmed that the rs920778 TT genotype induced significantly higher HOTAIR levels than did the CC genotype (P < 0.05). CCK-8 assays and colony formation assays demonstrated that the rs920778 TT genotype had a higher proliferation rate of HCC cells than did the CC genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that SNP rs920778 of HOTAIR acts as a potential biomarker for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma, and further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Contributions of motor learning to physical education: a critical analysis
Authors: Tani Go
Published: November 2017

Uma análise das pesquisas realizadas na área de aprendizagem motora nestes últimos 20 anos revela que embora o corpo de conhecimentos produzidos seja considerável, contribuindo para elevar o "status” acadêmico da área, ele não foi capaz de provocar mudanças significativas na prática da educação física. Para que este panorama possa ser modificado, algumas propostas são apresentadas, destacando-se entre elas a mudança de paradigma em relação às pesquisas básicas e a realização de pesquisas cuja característica principal seja a integração e síntese de conhecimentos produzidos pela pesquisa básica e a verificação experimental de sua aplicabilidade numa situação real de ensinoaprendizagem
On the investigation of performance factors in football
Authors: Garganta Júlio , Maia José , Marques Antonio
Published: November 2017

O teor de vários estudos e reflexões, bem como o relato da experiência de diferentes especialistas, vêm conferindo cada vez maior consistência à idéia de que na hierarquia da estrutura do rendimento do futebol os fatores táticos assumem um papel primordial. Todavia, no domínio da investigação e da produção bibliográfica, a “performance” no jogo tem sido largamente referenciada a partir de fatores energéticos e biomecânicos e das características fisiológicas dos jogadores, constatando-se uma reduzida expressão dos trabalhos de âmbito científico que focalizam a sua atenção na dimensão tática. No sentido de indagar esta antinomia, procuramos: a) apurar a forma como os especialistas perspectivam e hierarquizam os fatores do rendimento em futebol e como se posicionam face à sua investigação nesta modalidade; b) indagar se treinadores e investigadores, quando considerados em grupos distintos de acordo com as suas atribuições, manifestam posições idênticas ou dissemelhantes. De acordo com os resultados do presente estudo, no plano da investigação em futebol, as dimensões tática, assim como a psicológica, parecem apresentar uma expressão diminuta e desproporcionada, face à importância que investigadores e treinadores lhes atribuem, no âmbito do rendimento desportivo. Embora os especialistas considerem que a dimensão tática tem um peso importante no rendimento em futebol, os mesmos reconhecem nela a dimensão menos investigada e referem que tal se deve à dificuldade que isso envolve
The effects of aerobic exerc ise with music upon mood states in the elderl y
Authors: Miranda Maria Luiza De Jesus , Godeli Maria Regina C. Souza , Okuma Silene Sumire
Published: November 2017

Considerando-se a necessidade de maior quantidade de pesquisas sobre a população idosa brasileira, este estudo procurou investigar as alterações nos estados de ânimo em indivíduos idosos, como resultado de atividade física aeróbia com música. Utilizada na atividade motora, a música pode beneficiar o esforço, a motivação, agindo como um elemento de distração do desconforto (Gfeller, 1988). A música pode, ainda, alterar estados emocionais de idosos (Souza, Camacho & Tavares, 1985). A amostra foi composta por 27 sujeitos, dos quais 22 do sexo feminino e cinco do sexo masculino, com idade média de 69,8 anos (a = 4,19), divididos em grupos experimental e controle. Os indivíduos participaram de uma sessão de atividades físicas constituída de exercícios aeróbios, de intensidade moderada, com duração de 45 minutos, sendo que para o grupo experimental a sessão era com música. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar os estados de ânimo foi o POMS - “Profíle of Mood States” (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992) aplicado antes e depois da sessão de atividades. Na comparação dos resultados pré e pós exercício aeróbio para cada grupo de sujeitos, o grupo experimental apresentou diminuição estatisticamente significante nos escores de Raiva (t = 2,46; p = 0,01) e Depressão (t = 2,41; p = 0,01) e aumento em Vigor (t = 3,54; p = 0,001), enquanto o grupo controle apresentou diminuição significante nos escores de Raiva (t = 2,85; p = 0,007) e Tensão (t = 1,99; p = 0,03). As comparações entre os grupos indicaram diferenças significantes no pré-teste na escala de vigor (t = 1,75; p = 0,045), e no pós-teste na escala de tensão (t = 2,09; p = 0,023). Os resultados foram discutidos em termos das contribuições, tanto específicas quanto interativas, da atividade física e da música nas mudanças encontradas
Characteristics of the school physical education programs
Authors: Guedes Joana Elisabete Ribeiro Pinto , Guedes Dartagnan Pinto
Published: November 2017

O propósito do estudo foi desenvolver uma análise quanto ao tipo das atividades e ao nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos oferecidos aos escolares durante as aulas de educação física, numa tentativa de estabelecer relações com os objetivos direcionados à promoção da saúde. Foram analisadas 144 aulas de educação física, selecionadas aleatoriamente, de 15 diferentes escolas da rede de ensino do lo. e 2o. graus do município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. O tipo das atividades foi verificada por intermédio de um instrumento de observação direta, construído especificamente para essa finalidade. O nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos foi controlado mediante a monitorização da freqüência cardíaca. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os escolares se ocuparam por um tempo excessivamente longo com tarefas de organização c transição das atividades ministradas. As atividades mais frequentemente selecionadas pelos professores envolveu a prática de esportes. Foram oferecidas aos escolares poucas oportunidades de participar em atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento e ao aprimoramento da aptidão física. Os professores responsáveis pelas aulas cm nenhum momento recorreram a exposição de conceitos teóricos associados á prática da atividade física relacionada á saúde. O nível de intensidade dos esforços físicos administrados aos escolares foi menor que o limite mínimo necessário para que possa ocorrer adaptações funcionais voltadas a um melhor funcionamento orgânico. Conclui-se que são necessárias modificações nos atuais programas de educação física para que se possa levar os escolares a assumirem atitudes positivas quanto â prática da atividade física relacionada â saúde