bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El dibujo. Primera construcción de la arquitectura de Paul Rudolph
Authors: Cervero Sánchez Noelia
Published: April 2019

The American architect Paul Rudolph (1918-1997) conceded drawing a fundamental role in his creative process, which corresponded to a highly emotional conception of architecture. During his training and first years of work, he acquired a type of representation that allowed him to convey his personal vision of each project. His relentless will to overcome the International Style was based on six determinants: environment, natural conditions, materials, function, psychological demands of the space and spirit of times, which guided him in the search for answers and marked his work until the end of the sixties, when he achieved his creative maturity. Taking the drawing as the axis of the investigation, we analyse how these factors intervene in his residential projects in Florida, whose tectonics he conceived based on the spatial unit; in his collective housing projects, whose social facet he channelled towards urban modular groups; and in his projects of a monumental scale, whose materiality he imagined and defined accurately. In all of them spatial and constructive decisions relate intimately to his method of representation, establishing a continuous parallelism between drawing and building.
Effect of Strategy Training on Self-Awareness of Deficits After Stroke
Authors: Kersey Jessica , Juengst Shannon B. , Skidmore Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Importance: Self-awareness of deficits, or the ability to understand the effects of impairments on daily life, is often diminished after a stroke. Diminished self-awareness influences participation in rehabilitation and functional outcomes.

Objective: To examine whether self-awareness of deficits changed over time after a stroke (N = 43) and whether metacognitive strategy training (n = 21) resulted in improved self-awareness compared with direct skill training (n = 22).

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

Participants: Adults with cognitive impairments after an acute stroke.

Intervention: Metacognitive strategy training is an approach in which clients are guided through a process of self-assessment and develop solutions for barriers to task performance. This approach was compared with direct skill training, in which the therapist provides specific instructions for task completion, removing the client-initiated assessment and problem-solving components.

Outcomes and Measures: Self-awareness measures included the Self-Regulation Skills Interview and Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview at baseline and 3 mo and 6 mo after the intervention. We used a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze change in self-awareness and a two-way ANOVA to examine differences between groups over time.

Results: There was a statistically significant and potentially meaningful difference over time in the self-awareness domain of strategy behavior, F(2) = 3.35, p = .039, but there were no differences in improvements between the metacognitive strategy and direct skill training groups.

Conclusions and Relevance: Self-awareness warrants further investigation to determine whether it improves naturally over time or through both interventions after stroke.

What This Article Adds: Self-awareness of deficits, and the use of strategies in particular, may improve in the early stages of stroke recovery, but the optimal approach for intervention remains unclear.
Analysis of new particle formation (NPF) events at nearby rural, urban background and urban roadside sites
Authors: Bousiotis Dimitrios , Dall'Osto Manuel , Beddows David C. S. , Pope Francis D. , Harrison Roy M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) events have different patterns of development
depending on the conditions of the area in which they occur. In this study,
particle size distributions in the range of 16.6–604 nm (7 years of
data) were analysed and NPF events occurring at three sites of differing
characteristics – rural Harwell (HAR), urban background North Kensington
(NK), urban roadside Marylebone Road (MR), London, UK – were extracted and
studied. The different atmospheric conditions in each study area not only
have an effect on the frequency of the events, but also affect their
development. The frequency of NPF events is similar at the rural and urban
background locations (about 7 % of days), with a high proportion of events
occurring at both sites on the same day (45 %). The frequency of NPF
events at the urban roadside site is slightly less (6 % of days), and
higher particle growth rates (average 5.5 nm h−1 at MR compared to 3.4
and 4.2 nm h−1 at HAR and NK respectively) must result from
rapid gas-to-particle conversion of traffic-generated pollutants. A general
pattern is found in which the condensation sink increases with the degree of
pollution of the site, but this is counteracted by increased particle growth
rates at the more polluted location. A key finding of this study is that the
role of the urban environment leads to an increment of 20 % in
N16–20 nm in the urban background compared to that of the rural area in
NPF events occurring at both sites. The relationship of the origin of
incoming air masses is also considered and an association of regional events
with cleaner air masses is found. Due to lower availability of condensable
species, NPF events that are associated with cleaner atmospheric conditions
have lower growth rates of the newly formed particles. The decisive effect
of the condensation sink in the development of NPF events and the
survivability of the newly formed particles is underlined, and influences
the overall contribution of NPF events to the number of ultrafine particles
in an area. The other key factor identified by this study is the important
role that pollution, both from traffic and other sources in the urban
environment (such as heating or cooking), plays in new particle formation
events.
Simulation of SOA formation from the photooxidation of monoalkylbenzenes in the presence of aqueous aerosols containing electrolytes under various NOx levels
Authors: Zhou Chufan , Jang Myoseon , Yu Zechen
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from
the photooxidation of three monoalkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, and
n-propylbenzene) in the presence of inorganic seeds
(SO42-–NH4+–H2O system) under varying NOx
levels has been simulated using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase
Reaction (UNIPAR) model. The evolution of the volatility–reactivity
distribution (mass-based stoichiometric coefficient, αi) of
oxygenated products, which were created by the near-explicit gas kinetic
mechanism, was integrated with the model using the parameters linked to the
concentrations of HO2 and RO2 radicals. This dynamic distribution
was used to estimate the model parameters related to the thermodynamic
constants of the products in multiple phases (e.g., the gas phase, organic
phase, and inorganic phase) and the reaction rate constants in the aerosol
phase. The SOA mass was predicted through the partitioning and aerosol
chemistry processes of the oxygenated products in both the organic phase and
aqueous solution containing electrolytes, with the assumption of
organic–inorganic phase separation. The prediction of the time series SOA
mass (12 h), against the aerosol data obtained from an outdoor
photochemical smog chamber, was improved by the dynamic αi set
compared to the prediction using the fixed αi set. Overall, the
effect of an aqueous phase containing electrolytes on SOA yields was more
important than that of the NOx level under our simulated conditions or
the utilization of the age-driven αi set. Regardless of the
NOx conditions, the SOA yields for the three aromatics were
significantly higher in the presence of wet electrolytic seeds than those
obtained with dry seeds or no seed. When increasing the NOx level, the
fraction of organic matter (OM) produced by aqueous reactions to the total
OM increased due to the increased formation of relatively volatile organic
nitrates and peroxyacyl-nitrate-like products. The predicted partitioning
mass fraction increased as the alkyl chain length increased but the organic
mass produced via aerosol-phase reactions decreased due to the increased
activity coefficient of the organic compounds containing longer alkyl
chains. Overall, the lower mass-based SOA yield was seen in the longer
alkyl-substituted benzene in both the presence and absence of
inorganic-seeded aerosols. However, the difference of mole-based SOA yields of three
monoalkylbenzenes becomes small because the highly reactive organic species
(i.e., glyoxal) mainly originates from ring opening products without an alkyl
side chain. UNIPAR predicted the conversion of hydrophilic, acidic sulfur
species to non-electrolytic dialkyl organosulfate (diOS) in the aerosol.
Thus, the model predicted the impact of diOS on both hygroscopicity and
acidity, which subsequently influenced aerosol growth via aqueous reactions.
Investigation of coastal sea-fog formation using the WIBS (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor) technique
Authors: Daly Shane M. , O'Connor David J. , Healy David A. , Hellebust Stig , Arndt Jovanna , McGillicuddy Eoin J. , Feeney Patrick , Quirke Michael , Wenger John C. , Sodeau John R.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-4) was deployed in
Haulbowline Island, Cork Harbour, to detect fluorescence particles in
real time during July and September 2011. A scanning mobility particle sizer
(SMPS) was also installed providing sizing analysis of the particles over the
10–450 nm range. During the campaign, multiple fog formation events
occurred; they coincided with dramatic increases in the recorded fluorescent
particle counts. The WIBS sizing and fluorescence intensity profiles indicated
that the origin of the signals was potentially non-biological in nature (i.e.
PBAPs, primary biological aerosol particles). Furthermore, the data did not
support the presence of known fluorescing chemical particles like SOA
(secondary organic aerosol). Complementary laboratory studies showed that the
field results could potentially be explained by the adsorption of molecular
iodine onto water droplets to form
I2 ⋅ (H2O)x complexes. The release of
iodine into the coastal atmosphere from exposed kelp at low tides has been
known for many years. This process leads to the production of small
IxOy particles, which can act as cloud condensation
nuclei (CCN). While the process of molecular iodine release from coastal kelp
sources, subsequent particle formation, and the observations of sea mists and
fogs have been studied in detail, this study provides a potential link
between the three phenomena. Of mechanistic interest is the fact that
molecular iodine included into (rather than on) water droplets does not
appear to fluoresce as measured using WIBS instrumentation. The study
indicates a previously unsuspected stabilizing transport mechanism for iodine
in the marine environment. Hence the stabilization of the molecular form
would allow its more extensive distribution throughout the troposphere before
eventual photolysis.
Analysis of summer O3 in the Madrid air basin with the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model
Authors: Escudero Miguel , Segers Arjo , Kranenburg Richard , Querol Xavier , Alastuey Andrés , Borge Rafael , de la Paz David , Gangoiti Gotzon , Schaap Martijn
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Tropospheric O3 remains a major air-quality issue in the Mediterranean region. The combination of large anthropogenic emissions of precursors, transboundary contributions, a warm and dry aestival climate and topographical features results in severe cases of photochemical pollution. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are essential tools for studying O3 dynamics and for assessing mitigation measures but they need to be evaluated specifically for each air basin. In this study, we present an optimisation of the LOTOS-EUROS CTM for the Madrid air basin. Five configurations using different meteorological datasets (from the European Centre for Medium Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)), horizontal resolution and number of vertical levels were compared for July 2016. LOTOS-EUROS responded satisfactorily in the five configurations reproducing observations of surface O3 with notable correlation and reduced bias and errors. However, the best-fit simulations for surface O3 were obtained by increasing spatial resolution and using a large number of vertical levels to reproduce vertical transport phenomena and the formation of reservoir layers. Using the optimal configuration obtained in the evaluation, three characteristic events have been described: recirculation (REC) episodes and northern and southern advection (NAD and SAD, respectively) events. REC events were found to produce the highest O3 due to the reduced ventilation associated with low wind speeds and the contribution of reservoir layers formed by vertical transport of O3 formed near the surface in the previous days of the event. NAD events, usually associated with higher wind speeds, present the lowest ground-level O3 concentrations in the region. During SAD episodes, external contributions along with low wind speeds allow O3 to increase considerably, but not as much as in REC events because steady southerly winds disperse local emissions and hinder the formation of reservoir layers.
Atmospheric ammonia retrieval from the TANSO-FTS/GOSAT thermal infrared sounder
Authors: Someya Yu , Imasu Ryoichi , Shiomi Kei , Saitoh Naoko
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Hyperspectral thermal infrared sounders enable us to grasp the global behavior of minor atmospheric constituents. Ammonia, which imparts large impacts on the atmospheric environment by reacting with other species, is one of them. In this work, we present an ammonia retrieval system that we developed for the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the estimates of global atmospheric ammonia concentrations that we derived from 2009 to 2014. The horizontal distributions of the seasonal columnar ammonia concentrations represent significantly high concentrations stemming from six anthropogenic emission source areas and four biomass burning ones. The monthly mean time series of these sites were investigated, and their seasonality was clearly revealed. A comparison with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) ammonia product showed a good agreement spatially and seasonally, though there are some differences in detail. The values from GOSAT tend to be slightly larger than those from the IASI for low concentrations, especially in spring and summer. On the other hand, they are lower for particularly high concentrations during summer, such as Eastern China and Northern India. In addition, the largest differences were observed in central Africa. These differences seem to stem from the temporal gaps in observations and the fundamental differences in the retrieval systems.
A high-resolution image time series of the Gorner Glacier – Swiss Alps – derived from repeated unmanned aerial vehicle surveys
Authors: Benoit Lionel , Gourdon Aurelie , Vallat Raphaël , Irarrazaval Inigo , Gravey Mathieu , Lehmann Benjamin , Prasicek Günther , Gräff Dominik , Herman Frederic , Mariethoz Gregoire
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Modern drone technology provides an efficient means to monitor the response
of alpine glaciers to climate warming. Here we present a new topographic
dataset based on images collected during 10 UAV surveys of the
Gorner Glacier glacial system
(Switzerland) carried out approximately every 2 weeks throughout the summer
of 2017. The final products, available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2630456
(Benoit et al., 2018), consist of a series of 10 cm resolution orthoimages,
digital elevation models of the glacier surface, and maps of ice surface displacement. Used on its own, this dataset allows mapping of the glacier
and monitoring surface velocities over the summer at a very high spatial
resolution. Coupled with a classification or feature detection algorithm, it
enables the extraction of structures such as surface drainage networks,
debris, or snow cover. The approach we present can be used in the future to
gain insights into ice flow dynamics.
GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2
Authors: Olsen Are , Lange Nico , Key Robert M. , Tanhua Toste , Álvarez Marta , Becker Susan , Bittig Henry C. , Carter Brendan R. , Cotrim da Cunha Leticia , Feely Richard A. , van Heuven Steven , Hoppema Mario , Ishii Masao , Jeansson Emil , Jones Steve D. , Jutterström Sara , Karlsen Maren K. , Kozyr Alex , Lauvset Siv K. , Lo Monaco Claire , Murata Akihiko , Pérez Fiz F. , Pfeil Benjamin , Schirnick Carsten , Steinfeldt Reiner , Suzuki Toru , Telszewski Maciej , Tilbrook Bronte , Velo Anton , Wanninkhof Rik
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon 40 chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of water samples. This update of GLODAPv2, v2.2019, adds data from 116 cruises to the previous version, extending its coverage in time from 2013 to 2017 while also adding some data from prior years. GLODAPv2.2019 includes measurements from more than 1.1 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 840 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have been subjected to extensive quality control, especially systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 116 new cruises with the data from the 724 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2 data product. They correct for errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices, taking into account any known or likely time trends or variations. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better that 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 μmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 μmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01 in pH, and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The compilation also includes data for several other variables, such as isotopic tracers. These were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation and doi codes are available at the Ocean Carbon Data System of NOAA/NCEI (https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/GLODAPv2_2019/). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file or as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under the doi: https://doi.org/10.25921/xnme-wr20 (Olsen et al., 2019). The product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data. These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This paper documents the GLODAPv2.2019 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control results.
Nature-Based Solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: A
state-of-the-art review of the research area
Authors: Ruangpan Laddaporn , Vojinovic Zoran , Di Sabatino Silvana , Leo Laura Sandra , Capobianco Vittoria , Oen Amy M. P. , McClain Michael , Lopez-Gunn Elena
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Natural hazards such as severe floods, storm surges, landslides, avalanches, hail, windstorms, droughts, heat waves and forest fires occur almost daily. This situation is likely to become worse given the projected changes in climate, degradation of ecosystems, population growth and urbanisation. The new concepts such as Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Green Infrastructure and/or Nature-Based Solutions have emerged as effective means to respond to such challenges. The present paper provides a critical review of the literature and identifies current knowledge gaps and future research prospects. There has been an explosion of scientific publications on this topic with a more significant rise taking place from 2007 onwards. Hence, the review process started by sourcing 1381 articles from Scopus which were also cross-referenced with the articles sourced from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The full analysis was performed on 159 closely related articles. The analysis confirmed that numerous advancements have been achieved to date. These solutions have already proven to be valuable in providing sustainable, cost-effective, multi-purpose and flexible means for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. However, there are still many areas where further research and demonstration is needed in order to promote their upscaling and replication and to make them become mainstream solutions.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Development of Human Settlement in
Hurricane-prone Areas on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts using
Nighttime Remote Sensing
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wang Cuizhen , Lu Junyu
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Hurricanes, as one of the most devastating natural disasters, have posed great threats to people in coastal areas. A better understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of human settlement in hurricane-prone areas is demanded for sustainable development. This study uses the DMSP/OLS nighttime light (NTL) data sets from 1992 to 2013 to examine human settlement development in areas with different levels of hurricane proneness. The DMSP/OLS NTL data from six satellites were intercalibrated and desaturated with AVHRR and MODIS optical imagery to derive the vegetation-adjusted NTL urban index (VANUI), a popular index that quantifies human settlement intensity. The derived VANUI time series was examined with the Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen test to identify significant spatiotemporal trends. To link the VANUI product to hurricane impacts, four hurricane-prone zones were extracted to represent different levels of hurricane proneness. Aside from geographic division, a wind-speed weighted track density function was developed and applied to historical North Atlantic Basin (NAB)-origin storm tracks to better categorize the four levels of hurricane proneness. Spatiotemporal patterns of human settlement in the four zones were finally analyzed. The results clearly exhibit a north-south and inland-coastal discrepancy of human settlement dynamics. This study also reveals that both the zonal extent and zonal increase rate of human settlement positively correlate with hurricane proneness levels. The intensified human settlement in high hurricane-exposure zones deserves further attention for coastal resilience.
Sea Level Variability in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone and
adjacent seawaters: Influence on a Point Absorbing Wave Energy
Converter
Authors: Castellucci Valeria , Strömstedt Erland
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Low-frequency sea level variability can be a critical factor for several wave energy converter (WEC) systems, for instance linear systems with at a limited stroke length. Consequently, when investigating suitable areas for deployment of those WEC systems, sea level variability should be taken into account. In order to facilitate wave energy developers in finding the most suitable areas for wave energy park installations, this paper describes a study that gives them an additional tool by exploring the annual and monthly variability of the sea level in the Baltic Sea and adjacent seawaters, with focus on the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone. Over 10 years of reanalysis data from the Copernicus project have been used to conduct this investigation. The results are presented by means of maps showing the maximum range and the standard deviation of the sea level with a horizontal spatial resolution of about 1 km. A case study illustrates how the results can be used by the WEC developers to limit the energy absorption loss of their devices due to sea level variation. Depending on the WEC technology one wants to examine, the results lead to different conclusions. For the Uppsala point absorber L12 and the sea state considered in the case study, the most suitable sites where to deploy WEC parks are found in the Gotland Basins and in the Bothnian Sea, where the energy loss due to mean level variations is negligible.
Revisiting Austfonna, Svalbard with potential field methods – A new characterization of the bed topography and its physical properties
Authors: Dumais Marie-Andrée , Brönner Marco
Published: April 2019

Abstract. With hundreds of meters of ice, the bedrock underlying Austfonna, the largest ice cap on Svalbard, is hardly characterized in terms of topography and physical properties. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements supply ice thickness estimation but the data quality is temperature-dependent, comprising uncertainties. To remedy this, we include airborne gravity measurements. With a significant density contrast between ice and bedrock, sub-glacial bed topography is effectively derived from gravity modeling. While the ice thickness model relies primarily on the gravity data, integrating airborne magnetic data provides an extra insight of the basement distribution. This contributes to refine the range of density expected under the ice and improve the sub-ice model. From this study, a prominent magmatic N-S oriented intrusion and the presence of carbonates are assessed. The results reveal the complexity of the sub-surface lithology characterized with different basement affinities. With the geophysical parameters of the bedrock determined, a new bed topography is extracted, adjusted for the potential field interpretation. When the results are compared to bed elevation maps previously produced by radio echo-sounding (RES) and GPR data, the discrepancies are pronounced where the RES and GPR data are scarce. Hence, areas with limited coverage are addressed with the potential field interpretation, increasing the accuracy of the overall bed topography. In addition, the methodology improves the understanding of the geology, assigns physical properties to the basements, and reveals the presence of softer bed, carbonates and magmatic intrusions under Austfonna which influence the basal sliding rates and surges.
Chile como oferente de cooperación Sur-Sur: la progresiva adaptación a los nuevos tiempos y responsabilidades
Authors: Santander Campos Guillermo
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo analiza la cooperación que Chile ha ofrecido a otros países de similar o menor nivel de desarrollo desde hace más de dos décadas. Para ello, se somete a estudio la política chilena de cooperación Sur-Sur, presentando los principales rasgos y particularidades de un modelo que, además de promover el desarrollo de los países de su entorno regional, conforma una respuesta adaptativa a los cambios que se están registrando en el escenario internacional en los últimos años. Conocer las implicaciones, tendencias y desafíos futuros que presenta esta política, atendiendo tanto a los factores estructurales como socio-cognitivos que inciden en ella, constituye el propósito principal de este artículo.
Los avances de la jurisprudencia internacional contra la impunidad de las violaciones en los conflictos armados
Authors: Torrecuadrada García-Lozano Soledad
Published: April 2019

Estudiar los crímenes de los que específicamente son víctimas las mujeres en el Derecho Penal Internacional es una tarea muy dura, debido a su crueldad y a la tolerancia con que se contemplan. En los últimos tiempos, los crímenes de naturaleza sexual son un instrumento de guerra muy barato y de gran eficacia. A pesar de ello, en los últimos años del siglo XX, la movilización social, debido al conocimiento casi inmediato de las brutalidades cometidas en los conflictos armados, ha provocado la sensibilización hacia estos comportamientos y el rechazo de su impunidad. Avanzamos en su represión, aunque no ocurre lo mismo con la prevención ni con la reparación a las víctimas, ámbitos materiales que aún son asignaturas pendientes.
Rechazos de exportaciones por incumplimiento de medidas no arancelarias: el caso de los productos agrícolas latinoamericanos en la frontera de Estados Unidos
Authors: Boza Martinez Sofía , Rozas González Juan , Rivers Rodolfo
Published: April 2019

El sector agrícola es de gran importancia para la estrategia comercial latinoamericana, siendo Estados Unidos uno de sus principales destinos. Los requisitos relativos a calidad e inocuidad alimentarias de dicho mercado se han incrementado y se reflejan en un número creciente de medidas no arancelarias. El incumplimiento de estas puede llevar al rechazo del cargamento en la frontera, lo que implica pérdidas importantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento acerca de los rechazos de exportaciones agrícolas por incumplimiento de normas relativas a calidad e inocuidad alimentarias. Para ello se consideró específicamente el caso de las hortalizas y frutas frescas procedentes de América Latina en la frontera de Estados Unidos.
Dos décadas de cooperación europea en Chile: una asociación para el desarrollo
Authors: Hernández Beatriz , Lebret  Bouchard de la Poterie Pierre
Published: April 2019

El estudio se centra en la evolución de la cooperación al desarrollo desde principios de la década de los años noventa en Chile, ya que representa un modelo exitoso de cooperación gracias a los cambios económicos y políticos que permitieron la firma del Acuerdo de Asociación (AA) en el año 2002. Como instrumento político de la UE, la cooperación en Chile se ha centrado tradicionalmente en el fortalecimiento institucional y la reducción de la pobreza con el fin de fomentar el desarrollo económico y mejorar los compromisos internacionales del país. En el último decenio, la ayuda oficial al desarrollo (AOD) ha dado una mayor prioridad a los proyectos de cohesión social, lo que refleja un cambio significativo en la estrategia europea de cooperación. Concluimos que la cooperación europea ha influido en el fortalecimiento de una institucionalidad y la concepción de políticas públicas más acordes con las necesidades de superación de las desigualdades y de representación ciudadana, y el fomento de la cooperación sur-sur y triangular como complementaria a la cooperación horizontal.
El régimen de Maquila y sus implicaciones en México: perspectivas para el modelo adoptado en Paraguay
Authors: Baumgratz Deise , Cardin Eric Gustavo
Published: April 2019

En 1960 apareció en México un régimen industrial denominado maquila. Las industrias de los Estados Unidos se instalaban en territorio de frontera mexicana para aprovechar la fuerza de trabajo barata e incentivos fiscales para la etapa de fabricación de sus productos, además de la facilidad de transporte de los productos hacia dentro de los Estados Unidos. En este trabajo, a través de revisión bibliográfica, análisis de informaciones de los medios y de discursos, utilizando la teoría del subimperialismo, se describirá cómo ocurrió este proceso y sus impactos sobre la economía y la sociedad mexicana. Posteriormente, buscamos comparar con el modelo adoptado por Paraguay, incluyendo los efectos vinculados a este modelo en el largo plazo.
A Focus on ‘Control’: Reconciling Contemporary Transaction Cost Economics with Behavioural Contingency Accounting Perspectives
Authors: Hinchliffe Sarah A.
Published: April 2019

Transaction cost economics and contingency research in managerial accounting currently are approached largely as two formally distinct fields of study.  This brief review paper aims to reconcile the literature on both subjects in so far as possible, by examining broadly their underlying assumptions and reported conclusions with the view towards identifying differences and similarities.  An important integration is achieved by showing that transaction cost economics and the ‘decision influencing’ role of management accounting concentrate essentially on different aspects to a shared concern with organisational control.  However, it additionally is revealed that transaction cost economics does not account adequately for the existence of management accounting’s ‘decision facilitating’ function, and that in comparison to the former the latter’s relatively stronger empirical focus is more suited towards finding potential solutions to the actual control problems which confront real organisations.  The paper concludes by observing that both paradigms presently to a large extent do not pay attention to a particular principal-agent situation in which control may need to be exercised.
Mechanisms to Enhance Users’ Responsibility on Social Networks’ and Preventing Cyber Terrorism
Authors: Alshogran Rasmieh Mohammad
Published: April 2019

This research aims to identify the effective mechanisms in enhancing the moral and social responsibility of users of social networks and practical steps to reduce the publications of extremism and terrorism. The research is a descriptive one, which adopts analytical research comparisons of the questionnaire tool distributed to 95 public opinion leaders. The research finds:

1. One of the main causes of cyber terrorism is the lack of self-censorship and the absence of home and school roles in the control of children.

2. One of the most important dangers of cyber terrorism is spreading the extremist ideas, especially among young for exploitation in terrorist operations.

3. One of the most effective mechanisms for enhancing the ethical and social responsibility of users of social networks is carrying the State and the school the responsibility to promote social responsibility to counter the phenomenon of cyber terrorism
An Empirical Investigation of Knowledge Management Strategy and Information Technology Strategy on Performance
Authors: Chang Chih-Hsiung , Yen Yang-Ching
Published: April 2019

Recently, a great number of theoretical frameworks have been proposed to develop the linkages between knowledge management (KM) and organizational strategy. While there has been much theorizing and case study in the area, validated research models integrating KM strategy and information technology (IT) strategy for empirical testing of these theories have been scarce.

It is thought that the rapid progress of IT has been provided a good solution to support KM practices. Choosing the proper ITs to fit with different KM strategies is critical for organizations. Effective KM activities require employing KM strategies, as well as IT, appropriately. That is, as long as the KM strategy has been determined within an organization, the IT strategy must be followed. In this present research, we try to develop and examine a research model for explaining the relationships between KM strategy, IT strategy, and their effects on performance. Empirical data for hypotheses testing are collected from top-ranked companies in Taiwan; yielding 161 valid samples. The findings showed that KM strategy has a positive direct effect upon IT strategy; KM strategy and IT strategy have significant positive effects upon KM performance and IT performance respectively, and then collectively, have the impact upon business performance. Finally, from the empirical data analysis, meaningful findings and conclusions are derived, and suggestions for future research are proposed and discussed.
Refugee Camps: Emergent Presence to the Social Structure of the Palestinian Society
Authors: Dayyeh Jawad , Banat Bassam Yousef Ibrahim
Published: April 2019

The study aimed to investigate the refugee camps issue as emergent presence to the social structure of the Palestinian society. The study approached the literature as a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which addressed both theoretical and applied research. The findings revealed that the Palestinian camps do not accurately reflect the structure of the Palestinian society, as they are emergent presence to the social structure of the Palestinian society. These camps depict the exposure of the Palestinian diaspora concentrations during the Nakba of 1948 and after the 1967 war. It reflects the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the period resulting from the uprooting of more than one million Palestinians from their cities, villages, and Bedouin sites of origin.
Using Sequential Minimal Optimization for Phishing Attack Detection
Authors: Al-Ibrahim Ali Mohammad H.
Published: April 2019

With the development of Internet technology and electronic transactions, the problem of software security has become a reality that must be confronted and is no longer an option that can be abandoned. For this reason, software must be protected in all available ways. Where attackers use many methods to enable them to penetrate systems, especially those that rely on the Internet and hackers try to identify the vulnerabilities in the programs and exploit them to enter the database and steal sensitive information.

Electronic phishing is a form of illegal access to information, such as user names, passwords, credit card details, etc. Where attackers use different types of tricks to reveal confidential user information. Where attacks appear as links and phishing is done by clicking on the links contained in them. This leads to obtaining confidential information by using those false emails, redirecting the user without his knowledge to a site similar to the site he wants to access and capturing information. The main purpose of this paper is to protect users from malicious pages that are intended to steal personal information. Therefore, an electronic phishing detection algorithm called the SMO algorithm, which deals only with the properties of links, has been used.

Weka was used in the classification process. The samples were the characteristics of the links and they contain a number of sites which were 8266 and the number of phishing sites 4116 and legitimate sites 4150 sites and results were found to be new for the previous algorithms where the real classification rate 99.0202% in the time of 1.68 seconds.
Integratie in het EU-migratierecht; uniformiteit of maatwerk?
Authors: Oosterom-Staples H.
Published: April 2019

Integratie in het EU-migratierecht; uniformiteit of maatwerk?

Het arrest C en A is het derde arrest waarin het Hof van Justitie oordeelt over de bevoegdheid van lidstaten om integratievoorwaarden te stellen. Het uitgangspunt, dat kennis van de taal en de samenleving bijdraagt aan de integratie van vreemdelingen in hun gastlidstaat, wordt bevestigd. Dit is ook het geval voor de invulling van de beoordelingsruimte die lidstaten genieten in de uitvoering van deze bevoegdheid; integratievoorwaarden mogen geen selectiemiddel zijn. Integratie komen we ook tegen in de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie als doel van een wetgevingsmaatregel dat bepalend is voor de uitleg van rechten in die wetgevingsmaatregel en als objectieve rechtvaardigingsgrond in de context van de stand still-bepalingen in het Associatierecht EEG-Turkije. Zijn de rechtsregels in deze ‘integratierechtspraak’ onderling inwisselbaar, of is de invulling van het begrip integratie afhankelijk van de juridische context waarin het wordt gebruikt? De aanleiding voor deze bijdrage zijn de recente uitspraken van het Hof van Justitie in de zaken C en A en Yön. Om deze onderzoeksvraag te kunnen beantwoorden worden deze arresten ingebed in de eerdere arresten van het Hof van Justitie over integratie.

HvJ 7 augustus 2018, zaak C-123/17, Nefiye Yön/Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, ECLI:EU:C:2018:632 en HvJ 7 november 2018, zaak C-257/17, C en A/Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie, ECLI:EU:C:2018:876
Amerikaanse sancties op Iran en de Europese blokkeringsverordening: Europese ondernemingen in een lastige spagaat
Authors: van der Aa N.M.D. , Stax S.H.
Published: April 2019

Amerikaanse sancties op Iran en de Europese blokkeringsverordening: Europese ondernemingen in een lastige spagaat

In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de reactie van de Europese Unie op de hernieuwde economische sancties vanuit de Verenigde Staten (VS) op Iran. Deze sancties zijn in 2018 weer van kracht geworden nadat de VS zich terugtrok uit het Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, ook wel bekend als het Iraanse atoomakkoord. In het bijzonder gaan de auteurs in op de werking van de Europese blokkeringsverordening. Dit wetgevingsinstrument beoogt Europese bedrijven die handel drijven met Iran te beschermen tegen de dreiging van Amerikaanse sancties, maar zorgt eerder voor meer moeilijkheden.

Verordening (EG) 2271/96 van de Raad van 22 november 1996 tot bescherming tegen de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale toepassing van rechtsregels uitgevaardigd door een derde land daarop gebaseerde of daaruit voortvloeiende handelingen, PbEG 1996, L 309/1.
Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie komt eraan: waakhond of papieren tijger?
Authors: de Vries Y. , Lopik S.J.
Published: April 2019

Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie komt eraan: waakhond of papieren tijger?

Op 1 augustus 2018 heeft de Europese Commissie (hierna: Commissie) bevestigd dat Nederland gaat deelnemen aan het Europees Openbaar Ministerie (hierna: EOM). Het EOM is een onafhankelijk vervolgingsorgaan dat, in het kort, bevoegd is om strafbare feiten die ten koste gaan van de EU-begroting te onderzoeken, vervolgen en voor de nationale strafrechter te brengen, een taak die tot dusver was voorbehouden aan de nationale vervolgingsautoriteiten (in Nederland het Openbaar Ministerie). Dit past in een trend waarbij de Unie, die historisch gezien indirect handhaaft, steeds vaker aan directe handhaving doet. Ook past het bij een Unie die steeds meer strafrechtelijke taken naar zich toetrekt: waar strafrechtelijke samenwerking tot het Verdrag van Lissabon nog behoorde tot de derde pijler, bestaan inmiddels meerdere Europeesrechtelijke strafrechtelijke agentschappen, waaronder Eurojust, Europol en OLAF. Er wordt ook wel gesproken van een europeanisering van het Nederlands strafrecht. De ambities van de Commissie voor het EOM strekken echter verder dan alleen het bestrijden van fraude. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op de achtergrond van het EOM, de inrichting en taken van het EOM en de betekenis daarvan voor personen en ondernemingen die verdacht worden van strafbare feiten die binnen de bevoegdheid van het EOM vallen.

Verordening (EU) 2017/1939 van de Raad van 12 oktober 2017 betreffende nauwere samenwerking bij de instelling van het Europees Openbaar Ministerie(‘EOM’), PbEU 2017, L 283/1-71

Richtlijn (EU) 2017/1371 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 5 juli 2017 betreffende de strafrechtelijke bestrijding van fraude die de financiële belangen van de Unie schaadt, PbEU 2017, L 198/29-41
Arterio-Bronchial Fistula as a Complication of Post-traumatic Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm: Radiological Findings and Outcome
Authors: Stefańczyk Ludomir , Elgalal Marcin , Ustyniak Sergiusz , Polguj Michał , Majos Agata
Published: April 2019

Post-traumatic arterio-bronchial fistula is a rare cause of life-threatening hemorrhage. We present a case of a ten-year-old patient with a post-traumatic subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm complicated by an arterio-bronchial fistula and occlusion of the subclavian artery. The patient was treated with a stent-graft. We present radiological images of the fistula and the evolution of the changes in subsequent follow-up examinations.
E-Cigarettes or Heat-not-Burn Tobacco Products: Advantages or Disadvantages for the Lungs of Smokers
Authors: Górski Paweł
Published: April 2019

This is a narrative review considering the use of e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products. Advantages and disadvantages of both devices, including biological and clinical consequences, were described. The role of these products in limiting tobacco dependence was also discussed. Possible implications for clinical practice were addressed as well.
El necesario control al Gobierno. Un análisis en el nuevo escenario autonómico tras las elecciones de mayo de 2015
Authors: Dueñas Castrillo Andrés Iván
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza las consecuencias que ha traído el mayor pluralismo parlamentario tras las elecciones autonómicas de 2015. Ello ha propiciado mayores debates sobre la posición del Parlamento en el modelo institucional autonómico y reformas para mejorar la función de control al Gobierno.Lo anterior puede volver a poner en el centro del sistema institucional a la Asamblea legislativa autonómica, lo que ayudaría a rebajar los rasgos presidencialistas del modelo autonómico.
El derecho de los parlamentarios a recabar documentación administrativa. Nuevas perspectivas jurisprudenciales a raíz de su creciente judicialización
Authors: Durbán Martín Ignacio
Published: April 2019

Desde hace poco más de un lustro, por vez primera en nuestra historia democrática, el derecho de los parlamentarios a recabar documentación de las administraciones públicas se ha judicializado en la vía contencioso-administrativa.Un cúmulo de casos con un único foco común: las tensas relaciones gobierno-parlamento en el ámbito de la Comunitat Valenciana. Dicha conflictividad ha dado lugar, en el transcurso de estos años, a un elevado número de resoluciones tanto del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunitat Valenciana como del Tribunal Supremo. Un total de más de cuarenta sentencias que han incidido de forma considerable en la delimitación de este derecho. El presente artículo examina dichas resoluciones judiciales y ofrece un análisis global de los criterios interpretativos contenidos en las mismas. Una tarea de exégesis que se ha realizado sin perder de vista la jurisprudencia dictada por el Tribunal Constitucional acerca de esta misma cuestión.
Reflexiones en torno a la última actualización del derecho al olvido digital
Authors: Cobacho López Ángel
Published: April 2019

Hablar de la irrupción de Internet como detonante de una serie de cambios profundos en nuestra cultura jurídica se ha convertido ya en un lugar común para este tipo de trabajos de investigación. No obstante, debido a la inherente fluidez de los servicios y prestaciones que la red ofrece, es necesario profundizar en los efectos que las nuevas tecnologías han  provocado en la configuración de nuestros derechos fundamentales y de nuestras instituciones jurídicas y políticas. Junto con la necesaria puesta al día de las formas de ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales reconocidos por nuestra Constitución, Internet ha conllevado la creación de derechos nuevos que, si bien encuentran su fundamento en derechos preexistentes, suponen una adaptación de construcciones clásicas a los requerimientos de los nuevos tiempos. Entre ellos, ocupa un lugar preeminente el derecho al olvido, por la cantidad de estudios a que ha dado lugar y por el reciente reconocimiento expreso en el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos a nivel europeo. Dicha norma ha supuesto la derogación de la Directiva Europea 95/46/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 24 de octubre de 1995 y la promulgación de la nueva Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales. Pese a los numerosos interrogantes que todavía plantea la interpretación y aplicación de sus muchos preceptos, se trata del primer texto legal directamente aplicable en España que se refiere por su nombre al derecho al olvido, entendido como esa pretensión de muchos usuarios de Internet de que sus datos sean retirados de la vista y escrutinio público, con independencia de que su tratamiento haya sido o no consentido.Este trabajo se ocupará del análisis de este nuevo derecho de supresión de datos a la luz de las actualizaciones más recientes en su régimen jurídico, tras la entrada en vigor de dicho Reglamento y algunos pronunciamientos de tribunales comunitarios y nacionales, que van contribuyendo a dotarlo de perfiles cada vez más nítidos. De lo que no cabe duda alguna es de que, frente a Internet, erigido en factor que está suponiendo un cambio integral de paradigma, no sólo jurídico, sino global, la respuesta ofrecida desde el Derecho no puede prescindir de un enfoque lo más amplio posible, con la finalidad de ofrecer soluciones satisfactorias a los ciudadanos para el creciente número de situaciones de riesgo a las que se enfrentan diariamente, y de prever los conflictos que puedan ocasionarse en el futuro.