bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Down-Draught Evaporative Cooling: Thermal Modelling of an Office Building
Authors: Robinson D. , Lomas K.J. , Cook M.J. , Eppel H.
Published: May 2004

Two simulation-based methods of predicting the dynamic thermal performance of non-domestic buildings in hot dry climates, conditioned by Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling (PDEC), have been evaluated. In the PDEC system analysed, microscopic droplets of water were evaporated in ambient air and the resulting cool dense air delivered passively, through controlled openings, to occupied areas. The first method predicts the annual hours of PDEC operation, the water usage and the frequency of occurrence of different internal temperatures. The second method, which requires a thermal model with an integrated airflow network, provides insight into the airflow control strategies. Both methods demonstrated that an office building, in Seville, would need support from a mechanical cooling system to remain comfortable. However, the predicted energy use and carbon dioxide production was just 25% of that for a conventional airconditioned building.
Final Clearance Criteria After Mould Remediation
Authors: Quezada N.V. , Lange J.H.
Published: May 2004

Final clearance sampling practices for mould abatement projects have not been evaluated. This paper proposes procedures to remedy this. It is suggested that following remediation and after the visual inspection at least five to seven air samples should be collected. These sampling practices can also be used to screen for mould problems as part of a visual inspection and to assist in recognizing a problem dwelling. It is suggested that screening should involve taking at least four samples. To determine if the air concentration of mould is elevated it is necessary to sample inside and outside the building (abatement area). Since these samples have been shown to be non-normal in distribution, transformation is required or non-parametric statistic testing must be performed to determine whether the airborne mould concentration is elevated inside the area of interest (the building).
From relief to mutual obligation: welfare rationalities and unemployment in 20th-century Australia
Authors: Harris Patricia
Published: May 2004

Unemployment policy is currently informed by notions of labour force flexibility, workfare and mutual obligation. Things have not always been this way. Over this century there have been profound shifts in the way in which unemployment and government responsibilities have been conceptualized. Using the notion of ‘welfare rationalities’ to guide the discussion, this paper records the nature of these changes. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which economic objectives intersect with the social and moral-behavioural components of unemployment programmes. The changing nature of these factors is traced through three distinct welfare rationalities surrounding un/employment: relief, full employment and mutual obligation.
Diversity and Commonality in National Identities: An Exploratory Analysis of Cross-National Patterns
Authors: Jones Frank L. , Smith Philip
Published: May 2004

Issues of boundary maintenance are implicit in all studies of national identity. By definition, national communities consist of those who are included but surrounded (literally or metaphorically) by those who are excluded. Most extant research on national identity explores criteria for national membership largely in terms of official or public definitions described, for example, in citizenship and immigration laws or in texts of popular culture. We know much less about how ordinary people in various nations reason about these issues. An analysis of cross-national (N= 23) survey data from the 1995 International Social Science Program reveals a core pattern in most of the countries studied. Respondents were asked how important various criteria were in being ‘truly’ a member of a particular nation. Exploratory factor analysis shows that these items cluster in terms of two underlying dimensions. Ascriptive/objectivist criteria relating to birth, religion and residence can be distinguished from civic/voluntarist criteria relating to subjective feelings of membership and belief in core institutions.

In most nations the ascriptive/objectivist dimension of national identity was more prominent than the subjective civic/voluntarist dimension. Taken overall, these findings suggest an unanticipated homogeneity in the ways that citizens around the world think about national identity. To the extent that these dimensions also mirror the well-known distinction between ethnic and civic national identification, they suggest that the former remains robust despite globalization, mass migration and cultural pluralism. Throughout the world official definitions of national identification have tended to shift towards a civic model. Yet citizens remain remarkably traditional in outlook. A task for future research is to investigate the macrosociological forces that produce both commonality and difference in the core patterns we have identified.
Testing the precepts of republican political theory against citizen attitudes, beliefs and practices
Authors: Bean Clive
Published: May 2004

Quite apart from the constitutional debate over whether Australia should become a republic, republican political theory has recently experienced something of a revival in the Australian context through the work of Philip Pettit in the Reshaping Australian Institutions Project at the Australian National University. This article outlines the fundamental assumptions of this version of republican theory and then proceeds to test them empirically with sample survey data which explore citizen attitudes, beliefs and practices on these questions. The results indicate that the tenets of republication theory are widely accepted by the Australian public, but that this endorsement does not translate strongly into behavioural outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of why this might be the case and of the wider implications of these findings.
Postmodern consumption and alternative medications
Authors: Rayner Lisa , Easthope Gary
Published: May 2004

Alternative medicine consumption is examined as a paradigm case of postmodern consumption. Content analysis of advertisements and analysis of a survey of purchasers of such medicines demonstrate niche markets delineated by life style, an emphasis on symbolic value rather than use value and the use of such medicines as a means of self-assembly – all features predicted by theorists of postmodern society. However, purchasers are predominantly female, and age and gender distinguish different types of products purchased, purchase is not entirely symbolic and many purchases are made to be consumed by others, making it uncertain whether they are used for self-assembly. These results suggest modifications to theories of postmodern consumption are necessary.
Information technology in frontline service work organization
Authors: Yeuk-Mui May Tam
Published: May 2004

While the literature abounds with studies about information technology (IT) and its effects on manufacturing work organization, frontline service work is relatively under-researched. This article addresses this gap by examining a fast-growing frontline service work setting, namely, call centres. The article draws postulates from ethnographic fieldwork and general theories about the relationship between the use of IT, work organization and work attitudes of employees. The effects of the automate, informate and networking capacities of IT on work skills and knowledge, the monitoring of the work process and employee participation were analysed. Determinants of employee satisfaction, stress and work capability were examined through hypothesis-testing. The results indicate that effective technology, reliable co-workers in other departments and supportive immediate supervisors are important factors that contribute to employee job satisfaction, stress and work capability. The article argues that product market conditions affect management policy regarding the provision of services. Management policies together with the structural position of frontline service employees in the corporation shape the way IT affects work organization and employee work attitudes.
Food, place and identity: consuming Australia’s ‘Beef Capital’
Authors: Lockie Stewart
Published: May 2004

As social practice the consumption of food demonstrates the fundamentally social nature of the human body and subjectivity. Through eating, individuals are both incorporated into global networks of production and exchange, and incorporate themselves the meanings associated with those foods. Consumption is also, however, a spatially and temporally situated practice. This article argues that space and time must be analysed not only as sites at which food is consumed – with a view to mapping variability – but as social constructions that are themselves consumed and imbued with meaning. They are both signifier and signified. It goes on to explore the ways in which residents of Rockhampton (the ‘Beef Capital’ of Australia) constructed the ‘place’ in which they lived and their own food consumption practices. Residents demonstrated a high degree of reflexivity in their awareness of wider networks of social relations and the manner in which the identity of the ‘Beef Capital’ was itself consumed by ‘outsiders’ but, according to some, were rather less reflexive in their acceptance of the masculinist symbolism of beef and the experiences of marginalized groups within Rockhampton.
Engendering homophobia: violence, sexuality and gender conformity
Authors: Tomsen Stephen , Mason Gail
Published: May 2004

The links between social constructions of sexuality and gender are theoretically and politically problematic. A contemporary social movement understanding of violence against gay men and lesbians as ‘homophobic’ suggests a solid basis for coalitionist action. But important aspects of the imposition of gender conformity are a common thread in the experience of female, male and transsexual victims and the motives of perpetrators. Detail of violent and hostile incidents is drawn from two Australian studies: Victorian research on the experiences of 75 lesbians and a New South Wales study of 74 homicides with anti-homosexual motives. Violent acts commonly reflect the hatred and stigma felt towards women and men whose sexuality falls outside of acceptable gendered boundaries. Additionally, this research signals the importance of violence and harassment for the attainment and protection of a masculine identity among perpetrators, and the significance of gender in ways that call for a new understanding of ‘homophobia’ as a socially widespread phenomenon.
The ‘new contractualism’, social protection and the Yeatman thesis
Authors: Ramia Gaby
Published: May 2004

An important characteristic of public policy formulation over the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in the English-speaking countries, has been the increasing use of contractual principles as regulatory tools. The ‘new contractualism’ represents the recent re-emergence and adaptation of the social contract of the 17th and 18th centuries and the classical legal contract that emerged in the 19th century. The work of Anna Yeatman provides the most cogent and influential, non-neo-liberal scholarly appraisal of the new contractualism. Yeatman argues that the current contractualist agenda is consistent with equality of opportunity, occasioning a redefinition of citizenship so as to improve on the discourse of social protection. This paper argues that any attempt to remove social protection – flawed though it is – from discussions of the new contractualism is artificial. The social justice implications of such a position are perilous, for policy formulation has not yet entered a phase in which social protection can be superseded in a way which does not violate the rights of the socio-economically disadvantaged.
Croatians in Western Australia: migration, language and class
Authors: Colic-Peisker Val
Published: May 2004

This paper explores the migration experience of two cohorts of Croatian migrants in Australia focusing on the fact that they are non-English speaking background (NESB) migrants. Central attention is given to the intersection of class and ‘living in another language’ (being NESB in Australia). The first cohort migrated in the 1960s and is predominantly working class; the second migrated in the late 1980s and is predominantly professional. It is argued that living in an English speaking environment affects Croatian migrants in practical, cultural, identity and status terms. It determines their life chances, employment prospects and the feeling of belonging to the Australian community. However, the two groups of migrants, being from different socioeconomic backgrounds, are affected in different ways.
Road rage: drivers' understandings and experiences
Authors: Lupton Deborah
Published: May 2004

The phenomenon of road rage has attracted much media attention since the mid-1990s, but little research has been conducted into how motorists have incorporated the concept into their experiences and understandings of driving. This article reports the findings from a qualitative study on road rage, which used in-depth interviews with 77 people living in Sydney to investigate the meanings given to road rage and aggressive driving. The research showed that driving was a potent source of autonomy, pleasure and self-expression among motorists, meanings that were often frustrated by the travails of negotiating the road system. The concept of road rage had become integrated into the interviewees’ accounts of driving, and they were uniformly condemning of it. Road rage was represented as a response to the stresses of urban living, not only driving in a crowded road system but also the pressures exerted by such factors as a competitive work environment and lack of time. A strong gender and social class difference was noted in the ways in which the interviewees described their emotional responses to driving frustrations. The findings revealed that the expression of anger in road rage is negatively conceptualized because of the challenges it poses to the idea of the ‘civilized’ body/self, but also that such expression is seen as understandable in the context of an urban environment replete with stress.
Working their way out of poverty? Sole motherhood, work, welfare and material well-being
Authors: Walter Maggie
Published: May 2004

Over the last 20 years, Australian social policy has increasingly focused on raising the labour market participation level of sole parents. The extension of mutual obligation to sole parents under welfare reform further concentrates this policy direction. Yet while increased workforce activity may reduce ‘welfare dependency’, the efficacy of employment to raise the level of material well-being in sole parent families is less clear. Recent research casts doubt on the assumed link between material well-being and paid work for sole mother households. This article uses data from the 1996/97 Negotiating the Lifecourse Project and three measures of material well-being to examine the relative importance of employment and partnered status to material well-being among sole and married mother households. The results indicate that increased market work may not lead to significantly higher rates of material well-being for sole mother families.
Managing non-standard work arrangements: choices and constraints
Authors: Spoonley Paul , de Bruin Anne , Firkin Patrick
Published: May 2004

Non-standard work lacks the predictability of standard employment arrangements and relationships. As a result, it requires a different approach as workers self-manage their working environment and rhythm. This article explores the self-management and self-policing strategies of a group of skilled and professional non-standard workers in New Zealand. The issues that are related to managing time (including time-off), space and the home–work nexus are explored via an examination of such strategies as temporal and spatial marking, switching, defending and intruding. These help structure work-related tasks, and how these tasks intersect with non-work spaces and activities, although with varying degrees of success.
Challenging the Need for Gratitude
Authors: Galvin Rose
Published: May 2004

For those who are able-bodied, gratitude may well comprise a comfortable and unproblematic response to kindness, but for disabled people it can signify an unbearable state of perpetual obligation. A recent study which took a grounded theory approach to the exploration of the feelings of loss experienced by people living in Australia, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom in response to becoming ‘disabled’ demonstrated that the prime distinguishing feature between those who were ultimately able to reconcile their need for support and those who continued to feel diminished by it was signified by the presence or absence of formal care arrangements. People who had access to paid personal assistants, whether through community-based services or the marketplace, tended to feel more comfortable and in control of their lives, while those who relied on the goodwill of others commonly experienced a great deal of shame and frustration in relation to their ongoing needs. It is argued here that those whose identities suffered from the experience of unrelenting reliance on informal care have effectively been disabled by their lack of access to the kinds of services which have the potential to remove the tendency to feel, and be constrained by, shame and irrevocable gratitude.
`A matter of embodied fact'
Authors: Roberts Celia
Published: May 2004

Sex hormones today are seen as central to the production of biological sexual difference. This article examines the development of this scientific `fact', and asks how hormones came to be in this position. The article does not involve original historical research, however. Instead it uses existing histories of hormonal sexual difference to develop a theoretical argument about body histories. How can the history of scientific views of bodies be written and understood? What can these histories tell us about the relation between scientific representations of bodies and the materiality of bodies? Combining and critiquing arguments from feminist histories of science, Bruno Latour's actor network theory, Michel Serres's theory of folded time, and Donna Haraway's notion of situated knowledges, this article argues for the centrality of embodiment and location to useful body histories.
Pregnant bodies, pregnant minds
Authors: Mullin Amy
Published: May 2004

Philosophers and artists frequently make use of metaphors drawn from female bodily experiences of pregnancy and childbirth to express intellectual or artistic creativity. While philosophical and artistic originality are presented as a kind of spiritual pregnancy, women's bodily pregnancies are often presented as at best intellectually or spiritually insignificant, to be valued solely for their products — physical children. I contrast the view of pregnancy found in philosophers such as Plato and Nietzsche, and artists such as Chagall, with an understanding of pregnancy influenced by feminist body art, and focus on the significance of the extent and pace of change that women experience during pregnancy.
Stalemate
Authors: Brook Heather
Published: May 2004

This article argues that although marriage has been a historically productive and important site of feminist inquiry, feminist theorizations of the institution of marriage have reached something of a stalemate. Moreover, contemporary debates on the merits of same-sex marriage risk disarming feminist marriage critiques while simultaneously replicating their limitations. This does not mean, however, that marriage should be evacuated as an arena of feminist concern; rather, new ways of thinking about politics, subjectivities, sexualities and gender should be brought to bear against our understandings of what contemporary marriage is and does.
Manifestations of interpersonal trust in online interaction
Authors: Vishwanath Arun
Published: May 2004

As the internet continues to expand globally, the understanding of the micro-level connections between culture and online interaction is vital from a scientific perspective. This article explores the effects of societal values of interpersonal trust on online interactions. Using data from the World Values Survey and Inglehart’s (1997) scores on interpersonal trust, the study compares the effect of seller feedback ratings on online auction participation in three economically similar but culturally distinct countries, Canada, France, and Germany. The results indicate a significant interaction between culture, interpersonal trust levels, and seller ratings on bidder participants. Cultures that exhibit high levels of interpersonal trust tend to participate in online auctions irrespective of the sellers’ feedback ratings. However, in low trust cultures, seller ratings have a significant effect on bidders. The extent of the effect seems to depend on the degree of trust and the variation in seller ratings.
Narrative introductions: discourse competence of children with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Solomon Olga
Published: May 2004

This article examines the discourse competence of high-functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) to participate in narrative introduction sequences with family members. The analysis illuminates the children’s own efforts to launch narratives, as well as their ability to build upon the contributions of others. Ethnographic, discourse analytic methodology is integrated with the theory of discourse organization and the weak central coherence account of autism. Introductions of both personal experience narratives as well as fictional narratives (from television programs, computer games and other media) are examined. The children were especially competent in the use of stable introductory practices when launching fictional narratives, pre-organized by the media of expression. Their challenge was not in the introduction, but in the narrative co-telling, which often was not globally organized over an extended course of propositions. The heterogeneity of the ASD children’s discourse competence and its implications for discourse analysis are discussed.
The Imaginary of Zapatista Punishment and Justice
Authors: Lippens Ronnie
Published: May 2004

This essay presents a reconstruction of the Zapatista imaginary of justice and punishment. The Zapatistas of Mexico are known for their use of images - including the new media like the Internet - to ‘publicize’ their cause, and have been described as the ‘first postmodern revolutionaries’. My reading of the Zapatista sensuous imaginary produces a notion of justice as an interstitial zone of negotiation, which diverges from any understanding of negotiation as dialogue or mediation.
A Religious Technology of the Self
Authors: Smith Peter Scharff
Published: May 2004

This article deals with the rise of the modern prison system in Denmark and internationally from the late decades of the 18th century until the mid-19th century. The theoretical focus will be on the interconnectedness of scientific and religious conceptions that – according to this interpretation – formed an ideological base for modern prisons. I discuss how rationality and religion can be understood as naturally conjoined elements in this context, and show how religion, rather than simply diminishing in influence, took on new roles and functions in modern society. Two religious ‘modes of operation’ can be identified: religion as a power strategy and religion as a technology of the self. The main part of the article addresses the thinking behind, and experiments with, the modern penitentiary – which finally broke through in the United States during the 1820s and from there was re-imported to Europe. I show, recalling Weber, how the liberal and modern-minded bourgeois Danish reformers simultaneously embraced both the religious and rational implications of the modern prison project. The intense debates of this period on the best methods of reforming prisoners disclose distinctively modern accounts of human nature, in which science and religion are mutually involved.
Global Anxieties
Authors: Moore Henrietta L.
Published: May 2004

This article begins by interrogating the problem of the global and the local in anthropology, and asks how their interconnections might be theorized. When anthropologists call for an examination of the global in concrete terms, they often fail to appreciate the place of ‘concept-metaphors’ whose purpose is to maintain ambiguity and a productive tension between universal claims and specific historical contexts. ‘The global’ is just such a concept-metaphor, a space of theoretical abstraction and processes, experiences and connections in the world, important not only to social scientists but now part of most people’s imagined and experienced worlds. In this article, I examine pre-theoretical commitments common in anthropology that emphasize ‘the local’ via participant-observation, which becomes elided with ethnography. I suggest that anthropology begin to ‘methodologize’ the relation between the global and the local by reviewing several approaches to these problems.
The Classifying and Value-Filtering Missions of Borders
Authors: Kearney Michael
Published: May 2004

Using examples of migration of Mixtecs from Oaxaca and of Mexican nationals in general across the US–Mexican border, this article explores and illustrates the proposition that the political importance of social borders varies directly with the degree to which they serve two basic missions. The first of these missions is classificatory in the sense of defining, categorizing, and otherwise affecting the identities that are circumscribed and divided by borders and that cross them. Such kinds of identities are ethnicity, nationality, the cultural experience, markers of social class and so on. The second mission is also classificatory, but in the sense of affecting the economic CLASS positions and relationships of migrants who cross borders. This second mission of borders is effected by differentially filtering and transforming forms of economic value that flow across them and between identities defined by them. It is argued that these two complementary processes – classification of identities and CLASSification (uneven value exchange) – are the primary de facto missions of significant borders.
Pressures on the Press
Authors: Berrington Eileen , Jemphrey Ann
Published: May 2004

The reporting of disasters or other traumatic, unusual events involving loss of life presents its own particular problems. This article focuses on press reporting of the tragedy which took place at Dunblane Primary School, Scotland, in 1996. Issues raised are considered primarily from the perspective of editors and journalists. Professional pressures on journalists working amidst disaster situations are immense. Consideration is given to the operation of the emergency press facilities; ethical concerns in respect of doorstepping the bereaved; editorial guidance and finally the personal costs of reporting tragedy. The article is based on interviews carried out in 1997 with English and Scottish journalists and editors. Other sources consulted include those involved in journalism training and PressWise, which acts with and on behalf of those who feel they have been treated badly by the media. All unattributed quotations are drawn from these interviews. Unless otherwise indicated journalists quoted are employed by Scottish-based newspapers.
Disseminators, Advocates and Watchdogs
Authors: Mwesige Peter G.
Published: May 2004

Based on a national survey carried out in 2001, this study provides a demographic and attitudinal profile of Ugandan journalists at an interesting time when we are not only witnessing increasing media globalization but also democratic, if shaky, transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study explores the demographics and job conditions of news people in this East African country, their role perceptions, professional attitudes and beliefs, as well as the major constraints on journalistic freedoms in Uganda. Where it is possible and appropriate, comparisons are made to both African and western journalists.

The results show that Ugandan journalists highly value the so-called western journalistic functions of information, analysis and interpretation and investigation of official claims. They also show strong support for ‘populist mobilizer’ functions such as giving ordinary people voice and setting the political agenda. However, despite the relative press freedom in recent years, Ugandan news people work under conditions that pose major legal, political and economic limitations on their journalistic freedoms. In spite of such constraints, they showed a commitment to the public affairs benefits of their jobs.
Colonial Coverage
Authors: Rankine Jenny , McCreanor Tim
Published: May 2004

Discursive and content analyses of media coverage of a 1998 Aotearoa/New Zealand partnership research project on the genetics of inherited stomach cancer show a decided preference for stories that depict the discoveries as the achievement of only one research partner, a genetics research team at Otago University. The coverage downplayed the major contribution of the genealogical research carried out by indigenous Maori researchers for families affected by the cancer. This contribution was included in a news release from the research funding agency, the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Through an array of discursive constructions and omissions, the media stories obscure the role of the Maori researchers in initiating and contributing to the genetics research and applying the findings of the overall project. We argue that what has been lost here is an opportunity to acknowledge and celebrate a major Maori contribution to international scientific advance and the health of people. Instead the media delivered another example of marginalizing colonial coverage of Maori achievement, denigrating existing work and potentially discouraging other such cutting-edge collaborative health research.
Psychology of News Decisions
Authors: Donsbach Wolfgang
Published: May 2004

This article is about causal explanations for the way journalists report the news. In its first part, the article reviews traditional and current models or theories of journalists’ news decisions, concentrating on news factors, institutional objectives, the manipulative power of public relations by news sources and the subjective beliefs of journalists. It comes to the conclusion that most of these approaches do not explain the underlying processes leading to news judgements. Starting from these shortcomings and from the assumption that most of journalists’ work is about perceptions, conclusions and judgements, it then attempts to apply psychological theories to news decision-making. The author holds that two general needs or functions involving specific psychological processes can explain news decisions: a need for social validation of perceptions and a need to preserve one’s existing predispositions. Empirical data from several surveys and studies among journalists are used to demonstrate the appropriateness of this approach to journalists’ behavior.
From the Margins to the Mainstream
Authors: Pimlott Herbert F.
Published: May 2004

This article examines the mechanisms by which an obscure party journal, published by the Communist Party of Great Britain, moved out of the ‘radical ghetto’ of left-wing publishing into the mainstream of national distribution and debate during the 1980s. Most assessments of left periodicals focus on the ideological perspective(s) or politics of such publications. Few accounts, however, have considered the examination of the more prosaic processes of promotion and distribution of radical periodicals when assessing their success or failure in reaching out beyond their own political and social networks. The mixed success of Marxism Today in the marketplace demonstrates that for the radical press, there is not a clear ‘either/or’ decision for or against the two dominant models: Comedia and Bolshevik. Marxism Today gained advantages by making use of national newsagent distribution and press coverage which, despite the considerable effort expended by the magazine, were not always rewarded.
Catching the Runaway Bureaucracy in Brussels
Authors: Jun Hae-Won
Published: May 2004

The European Parliament (EP) can act as a democratic check on the European Commission. By relaxing the assumption of the EP as a unitary actor, this article examines factors determining the behaviour of individual members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in parliamentary scrutiny. It tests propositions based on the costs and benefits of each voting outcome in the context of the four EP roll-call votes cast in the period from 1995 to 2002 on the EP’s decision to grant budgetary discharge to the Commission. The main findings are: (i) ideology matters in the MEPs’ attitude toward the Commission; (ii) national parties influence the MEPs’ behaviour significantly in the discharge votes; and (iii) the ties between the Commissioners and the MEPs through national partisanship influence the MEPs’ attitude to the Commission when it is under threat.
Bargaining Success in the European Union
Authors: Bailer Stefanie
Published: May 2004

Secrecy still characterizes negotiations in the intergovernmental legislative body of the European Union, the Council of Ministers. Even close observers do not know which power resources lead to bargaining success. I distinguish between exogenous and endogenous forms of power. Whereas the former source of influence remains stable during the bargaining process, negotiators can manipulate the second form of power. With two new data sets, the analysis shows that ‘exogenous’ resources, such as votes and economic strength, lead to success only in certain policy fields; ‘endogenous’ resources, such as the extremity of a position on a policy dimension and the proximity to the agendasetting European Commission, are more helpful in predicting bargaining success. Individual negotiating qualities such as negotiating skill and information are less essential than the prescriptive negotiation literature and anecdotes would have us believe.
One Europe, One Vote?
Authors: Frieden Jeffry A.
Published: May 2004

Many Europeans support common European Union (EU) representation in international institutions. But such a pooling of international political influence raises complex and controversial issues. A common European foreign policy position implies compromise among EU members. The pooling of international representation thus requires, as with many internal EU policies, that member states weigh the potential benefits of a common policy against the potential costs of a policy not to their liking. There can be a tradeoff between the advantages of scale and the disadvantages of overriding heterogeneous preferences. Simple spatial models help to make this point, to clarify the circumstances in which a common European international representation is most likely, and to explain who is most likely to support or oppose a pooling of European foreign policies.
On Embodied Consciousness in Anlo-Ewe Worlds
Authors: Geurts Kathryn Linn
Published: May 2004

Anlo-Ewe generally refers to a dialect of the Ewe language spoken in southeastern Ghana, with Anlo designating an ethnolinguistic group whose homeland is on a littoral between the Keta Lagoon and the sea. Etymologically, however, Anlo derives from the Ewe term ‘nlo’ which means rolling up or folding into oneself. This article describes moments of ethnographic fieldwork that led to tracing links among meanings assigned to ‘nlo’, a migration story reinforcing the ‘nlo’ that was incorporated into a name, the experiential dimensions of folding into oneself when recounting the migration tale, and how this body posture indexes and evokes a melancholy sensibility shared among many Anlo-Ewe people in diaspora as well as at ‘home’. Anlo cultural memory is approached from the standpoint of phenomenology in ethnography, and the essay explores connections among landscapes, livelihood, bodily sensations, a certain present, a particular past, in addition to Anlo-Ewe interlocutors and an ethnographer. It is meant as a meditation on lived experience and consciousness in Anlo-Ewe worlds.
Street Phenomenology
Authors: Kusenbach Margarethe
Published: May 2004

This article introduces and evaluates the go-along as a qualitative research tool. What sets this technique apart from traditional ethnographic methods such as participant observation and interviewing is its potential to access some of the transcendent and reflexive aspects of lived experience in situ. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two urban neighborhoods, I examine five themes which go-alongs are particularly suited to explore: environmental perception, spatial practices, biographies, social architecture and social realms. I argue that by exposing the complex and subtle meanings of place in everyday experience and practices, the go-along method brings greater phenomenological sensibility to ethnography.
Parts unknown
Authors: Scheper-Hughes Nancy
Published: May 2004

This article addresses some of the ethical, ethnographic and political dilemmas of an idiosyncratic multi-sited research project exploring the illegal and covert activities surrounding the traffic in humans and their body parts by outlaw surgeons, kidney hunters and transplant tourists engaged in ‘back-door’ transplants in the global economy. In its odd juxtapositions of ethnography, documentation, surveillance and human rights work, the project blends genres and transgresses longstanding distinctions between anthropology, political journalism, scientific reporting, political engagement, public interest anthropology and human rights work. How does one investigate covert and criminal behavior anthropologically? When, if ever (and on what grounds), is it permissible to conduct research ‘under cover’? When crimes are being committed, to whom does one owe one’s divided loyalties? Following a discussion of politically engaged research I pluck a few ‘backstage’ scenes from this Goffmanesque study of the organs trade to illustrate the very different forms, practices and emotions it encompasses. I want to recapture the ‘basic strangeness’ of a routine medical procedure – kidney transplant – that has become increasingly dependent on medically supported claims and rights to the healthy bodies of marginalized ‘others’. I close with an argument against bioethics and its capitulations to medical markets in bodies.
The final warning
Authors: Holdaway Simon
Published: May 2004

Findings from the Home Office funded evaluation of the Pilot Youth Offending Teams, whose work preceded the full introduction of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, will be considered in this article. More specifically, the article analyses data from the evaluation of the introduction of the final warning. It is argued that academics’ criticisms of the final warning have been premature. A notion of social action has been absent from their critiques. They have failed to make a distinction between law and policy as they are written and law and policy in action. Final warning provisions have been refracted through the assumptions of the police and of youth justice workers, whose working cultures differ from the assumptions of the Act and Home Office guidance.
Beyond Belief?
Authors: Jordan Jan
Published: May 2004

This article reviews issues concerning perceptions of women’s credibility in the context of police responses to sexual assault complainants. It is based on both quantitative and qualitative data drawn from detailed analysis of police rape and sexual assault files. Particular attention is paid to identification of the principal factors affecting police perceptions of rape complainants, addressing such issues as demeanour, intoxication and concealment. Problems arising from the misinterpretation of significant ‘cues’ are identified, and consideration given to possible ways in which miscommunication between rape complainants and police officers occurs. The article argues that many rape complainants must still battle to gain credibility in the eyes of some police investigative officers, and that stereotypically based judgements continue to impact negatively on police perceptions and decision making. The overall aim of the article is to prompt critical, constructive evaluation of police culture and practice in order to enhance the quality of police responses to victims of sexual violence and abuse.
Men, Sport, Spinal Cord Injury and Narrative Time
Authors: Sparkes Andrew C. , Smith Brett
Published: May 2004

Based on life history data, this article explores how time is experienced by three men who have become disabled through playing sport. Comparisons are made between their experiences of time at the following periods in their lives: (a) pre-spinal cord injury (SCI) when they inhabited able bodied, sporting, disciplined and dominating bodies; (b) immediately following SCI during rehabilitation; and (c) as they live at the moment post-SCI. The ways in which three different narratives operate to shape the post-SCI experiences of time for these men are highlighted, and the implications of this process for their identity (re)construction as disabled men is discussed.
The Status of Method: Flexibility, Consistency and Coherence
Authors: Holloway Immy , Todres Les
Published: May 2004

Many elements of qualitative research are shared between the variety of approaches, and often the overlap of epistemology, ethics and procedures encourages a generic and flexible view of this type of inquiry. This article argues that there is an essential tension between flexibility on the one hand, and consistency and coherence on the other. Such tension may encourage qualitative researchers to consider the intentions and philosophical underpinnings of the different approaches in greater depth in order to arrive at an epistemological position that can coherently underpin its empirical claims. This article is intended to encourage a more thoughtful engagement with different qualitative approaches by highlighting distinctive elements of three of the most common approaches. We suggest that the researcher be contextsensitive and flexible as well as considerate of the inner consistency and coherence that is needed when engaged in qualitative research.
Avoiding the pitfalls of ‘conventional’ narrative research: using poststructural theory to guide the creation of narratives of children with HIV
Authors: Blumenreich Megan
Published: May 2004

The purposes of this article are to acknowledge challenges to traditional narrative inquiry raised by poststructural theory, and to demonstrate how poststructural thought can guide narrative research. After placing narrative inquiry within the broad historical context of educational research, and offering a poststructural critique of ‘traditional’ narratives, the author uses this critique to guide the development of narratives of children with HIV. Excerpts of a narrative of a nine-year-old HIV-positive boy, and excerpts from the author’s own construction of the research and ‘stance’, are provided.
Soviet and Post-Soviet
Authors: Goshulak Glenn
Published: May 2004

Since the collapse of the Soviet multinational state-empire, nationalism in post-Soviet states has been the subject of an ever-increasing number of studies. Post-Soviet scholars have adopted a wide variety of studies on different aspects of the relationship between nation- and state-building projects. In the midst of this burgeoning interest in post-Soviet nationalism, however, there has been relatively little interest in the Soviet era itself. Recent studies provide a valuable re-assessment of some aspects of the ‘national question’ in the Soviet Union. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited, and primarily undertaken as historical research. An example can be found in the works of Ronald Suny and Terry Martin. These two authors have re-opened evaluations of the early Soviet period and the ‘national question’. However, they focus mostly on the Leninist and Stalinist periods of Soviet history (Martin, 2001; Suny and Kennedy, 1999). Most recent studies of the Soviet Union generally do not study the entire Soviet project; and even if they do, very few have attempted to link it to the post-Soviet projects taking place today. With the exception of Ronald Suny and Rogers Brubaker, (Brubaker, 1996; Suny, 1999), there has been relatively little theoretical discussion of the Soviet nationalities model and its importance for understanding nationalism.
Negotiating Ethnic Boundaries
Authors: Jim…nez Tom¡S R.
Published: May 2004

This article examines the ethnic identity of the offspring of Mexican/white (non-Hispanic) intermarriages, or multiethnic Mexican Americans, using 20 in-depth interviews with multiethnic Mexican Americans in California. Interviews indicate that respondents gravitate toward a Mexican American ethnic identity since it is the most salient ethnicity in their social environment. But as respondents choose their identities, they confront ethnic boundaries, or sharp division between ethnic categories, that influence the extent to which they feel free to assert any one particular identity. They respond to these boundaries by taking a symbolic approach, a Mexican American approach, a multiethnic approach to their ethnicity, and a combination of these approaches.
Segmented Networks
Authors: Smith Miriam
Published: May 2004

This article explores the linguistic practices of lesbian and gay social movement networks in Canada. It specifically focuses on Egale, the main advocacy group for lesbian and gay rights issues, describing its linguistic practices with regard to public presentation, recruitment and participation, as well as its relationships to other lesbian and gay rights groups. The main finding is that Frenchspeaking activist networks are largely separated from English-speaking activist networks. The concept of consociationalism is applied to the relationship between the two linguistically based networks and adapted for social movement politics. The linguistically based social movement networks function separately from each other but occasionally cooperate at the elite level in pursuit of common goals.
School Segregation in Multiethnic England
Authors: Johnston Ron , Wilson Deborah , Burgess Simon
Published: May 2004

Aspects of both educational development and multicultural interrelationships are frequently related to school ethnic composition, with arguments that ethnically segregated schools both retard the development of multiethnic understanding and influence educational performance. In this article we employ data on their ethnic composition to portray the extent of segregation in English secondary schools in 2001, using a novel graphical method to explore its nature and spatial variation. We find substantial segregation on ethnic criteria in some places. Nevertheless, over the country as a whole, attendance at substantially mono-ethnic schools is not the norm for members of the non-white groups (though it is for whites in many areas). Half of all non-white secondary students in England attended schools where more than 75 percent of the total enrolment comprised whites.
Interactional Sequences in Shared Book-Reading between Parents and Children with Histories of Language Delay
Authors: Woude Judith Vander , Barton Ellen
Published: May 2004

In this article, we argue against deficit models of early literacy common in the field of speech pathology, proposing instead a competence-based view of early literacy as the concurrent development of language practices develop through social interaction. We look specifically at shared book-reading, developing a discourse analysis of case study data that show how parents do considerable interactional work to position their children with language delays as competent and active co-constructors of meaning in this important early literacy activity.