bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O PACTO FEDERATIVO BRASILEIRO E AS PRINCIPAIS MUDANÇAS SUGERIDAS PELA PEC 188/2019
Authors: Tedesco Aloisio , Neves Isadora
Published: December 2022

O Pacto Federativo, também conhecido como Princípio Federativo, está previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988, como forma de descentralização política no que tange às competências dos integrantes da Federação Braisileira (formada pela união indissolúvel entre a União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios, como determina o Art.1° da CF/88), em gestões fiscais e orçamentárias, designando direitos e deveres para a atuação destes entes. A PEC 188/2019, conhecida como PEC do Pacto Federativo propõe mudanças e revisões em inúmeros dispositivos constitucionais, o que impacta diretamente a administração pública, principalmente na distribuição de recursos para financiamento de políticas públicas. Ademais, várias medidas sugeridas pelo governo geraram divergências no que concernem as alterações, dentre elas a extinção dos pequenos municípios, as novas atribuições do Tribunal de Contas da União, a criação do Orçamento Plurianual para substituir o Plano Plurianual, entre outros. O presente artigo busca avaliar o impacto da PEC 188/2019 a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental, utilizando o método indutivo.
ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO SOBRE PANCREATO-DUODENECTOMIA NO BRASIL DE 2011 A 2020
Authors: Cavalcante  Tayane Moura Giovanini , Freitas Livia Soares Costa , Carvalho Carolina Nascimento de , Ahnert Thaís Rosa , Gaspar Maria Carolina da Silva
Published: December 2022

O câncer de pâncreas é a quarta causa de morte por câncer no mundo.. O único tratamento curativo para o câncer de pâncreas é a cirurgia de Whipple, uma cirurgia desafiadora de grande porte. Devido sua complexidade e importância no tratamento das neoplasias pancreáticas, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise epidemiológica através da plataforma do DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde e foram coletados como número de internações para a realização da cirurgia de Whipple, permanência hospitalar, número de óbitos e taxa de mortalidade, no período de janeiro de 2011 até dezembro de 2020. Nos últimos 10 anos, foram realizados 1.254 procedimentos de pancreato-duodenectomia no Brasil, custando em média R$3.799,41 cada, a permanência hospitalar foi em torno de 17,94 dias, ocorreram 225 óbitos (17,94%). Desses, 187 procedimentos foram em 2011, 164 em 2012, 151 em 2013, 156 em 2014, 127 em 2015, 114 em 2016, 93 em 2017, 93 em 2018, 91 em 2019 e 78 em 2020. Foram 82 cirurgias de Whipple no Norte, 345 no Nordeste, 588 no Sudeste, 150 na região Sul e 89 na região Centro-Oeste. Existem fatores técnicos que tornam a pancreato-duodenectomia desafiadora e pouco realizada, além da alta taxa de mortalidade e morbidade, que eleva custos e internação hospitalar. A prática constante em grandes centros parece aperfeiçoar a realização desse procedimento. Ademais, a videolaparoscopia parece, em breve, se destacar como via de realização. Entretanto é necessário que essa cirurgia seja cada vez mais estudada e performada para futuramente obter resultados mais satisfatórios.
Towards monitoring the CO2 source–sink distribution over India via inverse modelling: quantifying the fine-scale spatiotemporal variability in the atmospheric CO2 mole fraction
Authors: Thilakan Vishnu , Pillai Dhanyalekshmi , Gerbig Christoph , Galkowski Michal , Ravi Aparnna , Anna Mathew Thara
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Improving the estimates of CO2 sources and sinks over India through inverse methods calls for a comprehensive atmospheric monitoring system involving atmospheric transport models that make a realistic accounting of atmospheric CO2 variability along with a good coverage of ground-based monitoring stations. This study investigates the importance of representing fine-scale variability in atmospheric CO2 in models for the optimal use of observations through inverse modelling. The unresolved variability in atmospheric CO2 in coarse models is quantified by using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) simulations at a spatial resolution of 10 km × 10 km. We show that the representation errors due to unresolved variability in the coarse model with a horizontal resolution of 1∘ (∼ 100 km) are considerable (median values of 1.5 and 0.4 ppm, parts per million, for the surface and column CO2, respectively) compared to the measurement errors. The monthly averaged surface representation error reaches up to
∼ 5 ppm, which is even comparable to half of the magnitude of the
seasonal variability or concentration enhancement due to hotspot emissions.
Representation error shows a strong dependence on multiple factors such as
time of the day, season, terrain heterogeneity, and changes in meteorology
and surface fluxes. By employing a first-order inverse modelling scheme
using pseudo-observations from nine tall-tower sites over India, we show
that the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) flux uncertainty solely due to
unresolved variability is in the range of 3.1 % to 10.3 % of the total NEE of the region. By estimating the representation error and its impact on flux estimations during different seasons, we emphasize the need to take account of fine-scale CO2 variability in models over the Indian subcontinent to better understand processes regulating CO2 sources and sinks. The efficacy of a simple parameterization scheme is further demonstrated to capture these unresolved variations in coarse models.
CAMP: an instrumented platform for balloon-borne aerosol particle studies in the lower atmosphere
Authors: Pilz Christian , Düsing Sebastian , Wehner Birgit , Müller Thomas , Siebert Holger , Voigtländer Jens , Lonardi Michael
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Airborne observations of vertical aerosol particle distributions are crucial
for detailed process studies and model improvements. Tethered balloon
systems represent a less expensive alternative to aircraft to probe shallow
atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs). This study presents the newly developed
cubic aerosol measurement platform (CAMP) for balloon-borne observations of
aerosol particle microphysical properties. With an edge length of 35 cm and a weight of 9 kg, the cube is an environmentally robust instrument platform intended for measurements at low temperatures, with a particular focus on applications in cloudy Arctic ABLs. The aerosol instrumentation on board CAMP
comprises two condensation particle counters with different lower detection
limits, one optical particle size spectrometer, and a miniaturized
absorption photometer. Comprehensive calibrations and characterizations of
the instruments were performed in laboratory experiments. The first field
study with a tethered balloon system took place at the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) station in Melpitz, Germany, in the winter of 2019. At ambient temperatures between −8 and 15 ∘C, the platform was operated up to a 1.5 km height on 14 flights under both clear-sky and cloudy conditions. The continuous aerosol observations at the ground station served as a reference for evaluating the CAMP measurements.
Exemplary profiles are discussed to elucidate the performance of the system
and possible process studies. Based on the laboratory instrument
characterizations and the observations during the field campaign, CAMP
demonstrated the capability to provide comprehensive aerosol particle
measurements in cold and cloudy ABLs.
Assessing the influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement on a coastal phytoplankton community
Authors: Ferderer Aaron , Chase Zanna , Kennedy Fraser , Schulz Kai G. , Bach Lennart T.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed method to
counteract climate change by increasing the alkalinity of the surface ocean
and thus the chemical storage capacity of seawater for atmospheric CO2.
The impact of OAE on marine ecosystems, including phytoplankton communities
which make up the base of the marine food web, is largely unknown. To
investigate the influence of OAE on phytoplankton communities, we enclosed a
natural plankton community from coastal Tasmania for 22 d in nine microcosms during a spring bloom. Microcosms were split into three groups,
(1) the unperturbed control, (2) the unequilibrated treatment where
alkalinity was increased (+495 ± 5.2 µmol kg−1) but seawater
CO2 was not in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2, and (3) the
equilibrated treatment where alkalinity was increased (+500 ± 3.2 µmol kg−1) and seawater CO2 was in equilibrium with atmospheric
CO2. Both treatments have the capacity to increase the inorganic carbon
sink of seawater by 21 %. We found that simulated OAE had significant but
generally moderate effects on various groups in the phytoplankton community
and on heterotrophic bacteria. More pronounced effects were observed for the
diatom community where silicic acid drawdown and biogenic silica build-up were reduced at increased alkalinity. Observed changes in phytoplankton
communities affected the temporal trends of key biogeochemical parameters
such as the organic matter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Interestingly, the
unequilibrated treatment did not have a noticeably larger impact on the
phytoplankton (and heterotrophic bacteria) community than the equilibrated
treatment, even though the changes in carbonate chemistry conditions were
much more severe. This was particularly evident from the occurrence and peak
of the phytoplankton spring bloom during the experiment, which was not
noticeably different from the control. Altogether, the inadvertent effects
of increased alkalinity on the coastal phytoplankton communities appear to
be rather limited relative to the enormous climatic benefit of increasing
the inorganic carbon sink of seawater by 21 %. We note, however, that more
detailed and widespread investigations of plankton community responses to
OAE are required to confirm or dismiss this first impression.
Magnetic Fabric Analyses of Basin Inversion: A Sandbox Modelling Approach
Authors: Schöfisch Thorben , Koyi Hemin , Almqvist Bjarne
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Magnetic-fabric analysis is a useful tool to display deformation in nature and in models. In this study, three sandbox models represent basin inversion above a velocity discontinuity (base-plate). After complete deformation of each model, samples were taken in different parts of the models (along faults and areas away from faults) for magnetic fabric analysis. Model I, which simulates basin formation during extension, shows two kinds of magnetic fabric: an undeformed/initial fabric in areas away from faults, and a normal fault-induced fabric with a magnetic foliation that tends to align with the fault surface. Models II and III, which were initially extended before they were shortened, developed thrust faults during inversion. The thrusts show an alignment of magnetic foliation parallel to the fault surfaces that depends on the maturity of the thrust. Our results highlight that thrusting is more efficient in aligning the magnetic fabric along them compared to normal faults. Moreover, models II and III reveal a magnetic fabric overprint towards a penetrative strain-induced fabric (magnetic lineation perpendicular to shortening direction) in areas away from thrust faults. Such overprint shows a gradual transition of a magnetic fabric to a penetrative strain-induced fabric and further towards a thrust-induced fabric during shortening/inversion. In contrast, extension (Model I) developed distinct magnetic fabrics without gradual overprint. In addition, pre-existing normal faults are also overprinted to a penetrative strain-induced fabric during model inversion. They define weak zones within the main pop-up imbricate and steepen during model inversion. Steepening influences the magnetic fabric at the faults, and, in general, the strain propagation through the model during inversion. The magnetic fabric extracted from the models presented here reflect the different stages of basin development and inversion. This study is a first attempt of applying magnetic-fabric analyses on models simulating inverted basins. However, the outcome of this study illustrates the possibility of applying a robust tool, i.e., magnetic-fabric analyses, to sandbox models, whose initial, intermediate, and final stages are well documented.
Fluid Models Capturing Farley-Buneman Instabilities
Authors: Rojas Enrique , Burns Keaton , Hysell David
Published: December 2022

Abstract. It is generally accepted that modeling Farley-Buneman instabilities require resolving ion Landau damping to reproduce experimentally observed features. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have been able to reproduce most of these, but at a computational cost that severely affects their scalability. This limitation hinders the study of non-local phenomena that require three dimensions or coupling with larger--scale processes. We argue that a form of the five-moment fluid system can recreate several qualitative aspects of Farley-Buneman dynamics such as density and phase speed saturation, wave turning, and heating. Unexpectedly, these features are still reproduced even without using artificial viscosity to capture Landau damping. Comparing the proposed fluid models and a PIC implementation shows good qualitative agreement.
Improving numerical snowpack simulations by assimilating land surface temperature
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , Gascoin Simon , Arioli Sara , Picard Ghislain
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The assimilation of data from Earth observation satellites into numerical models is considered as the path forward to estimate SWE distribution in mountain catchments. The land surface temperature (LST) can be observed from space, but its potential to improve SWE simulations remains underexplored. This is likely due to the insufficient temporal or spatial resolution offered by the current thermal infrared (TIR) missions. However, three planned missions will provide global-scale TIR data at much higher spatio-temporal resolution in the coming years. To investigate the value of TIR data to improve SWE estimation, we developed a synthetic data assimilation experiment at five snow-dominated sites covering a latitudinal gradient in the northern hemisphere. We generated synthetic true LST and SWE series by forcing an energy-balance snowpack model with the ERA5-Land reanalysis. We used this synthetic true LST to recover the synthetic true SWE from a degraded version of ERA5-Land. We defined different observation scenarios to emulate the revisiting times of Landsat 8 (16 days) and the Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural resource Assessment (TRISHNA) (3 days), while accounting for cloud cover. We replicated the experiments 100 times at each experimental site to assess the robustness of the assimilation process. We performed the assimilation using two different approaches: a sequential scheme (particle filter) and a smoother (particle batch smoother). The results show that LST data assimilation using the smoother reduced the normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE) of the simulations from 57 % (open loop) to 7 % and 3 % for 16 day revisit and 3 day revisit respectively, in the absence of clouds. We found similar but higher nRMSE values by removing observations due to cloud cover but with a substantial increase of the standard deviation of the nRMSE of the replicates, highlighting the importance of revisiting times in the stability of the assimilation output. The smoother largely outperformed the particle filter algorithm, suggesting that the capability of a smoother to propagate the information along the season is key to exploit LST information for snow modeling. These results suggest that the LST data assimilation has an underappreciated potential to improve snowpack simulations and highlight the value of upcoming TIR missions to advance snow hydrology.
Evolution of an Alpine proglacial river during seven decades of deglaciation quantified from photogrammetric and LiDAR digital elevation models
Authors: Piermattei Livia , Heckmann Tobias , Betz-Nutz Sarah , Altmann Moritz , Rom Jakob , Fleischer Fabian , Stark Manuel , Haas Florian , Ressl Camillo , Wimmer Michael , Pfeifer Norbert , Becht Michael
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Alpine rivers have experienced considerable changes in channel morphology over the last century. Natural factors and human disturbance are the main drivers of changes in channel morphology that modify natural sediment and flow regimes at local, catchment, and regional scales. In glaciated catchments, river sediment loads are likely to increase due to increasing snow and glacier melt runoff, facilitated by climate changes. Additionally, channel erosion and depositional dynamics and patterns are influenced by sediment delivery from hillslopes, and sediment in the forefields of retreating glaciers. In order to reliably assess the magnitudes of the channel-changing processes and their frequencies due to recent climate change, the investigation period needs to be extended to the last century, ideally back to the end of the Little Ice Age. Moreover, a high temporal resolution is required to account for the history of changes in channel morphology and for better detection and interpretation of related processes. The increasing availability of digitized historical aerial images and advancements in digital photogrammetry provides the basis for reconstructing and assessing the long-term evolution of the surface, both in terms of planimetric mapping and the generation of historical digital elevation models (DEMs). The main issue of current studies is the lack of information over a longer period. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on fluvial sediment changes by estimating the sediment balance of a main Alpine river (Fagge River) in a glaciated catchment (Kaunertal, Austria) over nineteen survey periods from 1953 to 2019. Exploiting the potential of historical multi-temporal DEMs, combined with recent topographic data, we quantify 66 years of fluvial changes (i.e. the active floodplain) in terms of geomorphic changes, erosion, and deposition, and the amounts of mobilized sediment. We show that geomorphic changes and the cumulative sediment balance are mainly driven by glacier retreat as well as a short advance phase in the 1980s, sediment delivery from recently deglaciated steep lateral moraines, an increasing runoff trend and extreme runoff events (such as subglacial water pocket outburst, and heavy rainfall). Overall, this work has contributed to improving our understanding of the complexity of sediment dynamics and river changes across various spatial and temporal scales and their relationship to climate change factors.
Signatures of Eurasian heat waves in global Rossby wave spectra
Authors: Strigunova Iana , Blender Richard , Lunkeit Frank , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: December 2022

Abstract. This paper investigates systematic changes in the global atmospheric circulation statistics during Eurasian heat waves (HWs). The investigation of Rossby wave energy anomalies during HWs is based on the time series of Hough expansion coefficients representing Rossby waves with the troposphere–barotropic structures through the extended boreal summer in the European ERA5, ERA-Interim, Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The climatological Rossby wave energy distribution is shown to follow a χ2 distribution with skewness dependent on the zonal scale. The applied multivariate decomposition reveals signatures of the Eurasian HWs in the probability density functions (PDFs) of the Rossby wave energy across scales. Changes in the PDFs are consistent with changes in the intramonthly variance during HWs. For the zonal-mean state (the zonal wavenumber k=0), a decrease in skewness is found, although it is not statistically significant. A reduction in skewness hints to an increase in the number of active degrees of freedom, indicating more independent modes involved in the circulation. A shift in the spectral distribution of the k=0 intramonthly variance is shown to describe a weakening of the mean westerlies near their core at 45∘ N and their strengthening at high latitudes. At planetary scales (k= 1–3), the skewness in the troposphere–barotropic Rossby wave energy significantly increases during HWs. This coincides with a reduction of intramonthly variance, in particular at k=3, and persistent large-scale circulation anomalies. Based on the χ2 skewness, we estimate a reduction of the active degrees of freedom for the planetary-scale Rossby waves of about 25 % compared to climatology. At synoptic scales (k= 4–10), no change in skewness is detected for the Eurasian HWs. However, synoptic waves k= 7–8 are characterised by a statistically significant increase in intramonthly variance of about 5 % with respect to the climatology. In addition, a shift of the entire Rossby wave energy distribution at synoptic scales, along with amplification, is observed during HWs.
Design of Plant Maintenance Equipment Using HMI and PLC Omron CPMIA 40CDR
Authors: Khoer Imam Asbabil
Published: December 2022

Generally, plant maintenance can be done in two ways: manual (using humans with makeshift tools) and mechanical (using machine technology or robots). Plant maintenance done manually is watering and eradicating pests and diseases that do not necessarily do it and can harm humans themselves. Mechanically doing the same job has advantages, namely being faster, routine, and reducing workplace accidents. In the plant maintenance process at this time, there are still essential aspects for research, especially for the design of tools. The manual maintenance process's weakness is that performing sensory tasks in a large capacity takes a very long time. To overcome these limitations, a mechanical approach with automation technology is used to make it more effective and efficient. Therefore, the design of a watering device or plant maintenance is expected to overcome these problems. The use of human labor (manual) is not harmful but has drawbacks, including inconsistency with time and very time-consuming work. In the existing maintenance machine design research, there are various types. In this research, the design of the tool that will be carried out is to try to combine plant maintenance with a microcontroller automatic control system which is arranged using a servo motor motion system and several other motors which are expected to have an effective working system and excellent quality of maintenance results, for the cottage industry industrial enterprise.
YOUNG CHILDREN’S USE OF SUBJECTIVE THINKING IN RESPONSE TO PROBABILISTIC TASKS
Authors: KINGSTON MARY , TWOHILL AISLING
Published: December 2022

This paper reports on a study that investigated young children’s responses to a range of probabilistic tasks. A central aspect of the study was our examination of the children’s use of subjective thinking. Most research that has been conducted in relation to young children’s probabilistic thinking has focused on the extent to which young children can identify the most and least likely outcome of experiments. There is, however, limited research into the types of judgements children use when making these identifications. For example, while a small number of studies have reported on children’s use of subjective thinking, there is an absence of research focusing on the role of subjectivity and the range of beliefs on which these judgements are based. In this research, the subjective thinking of children aged 5–6 years in Ireland was examined to address this gap in current knowledge. The data were collected through task-based group interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Results suggest that a range of personal beliefs and experiences influence young children’s probabilistic thinking including the physical position of objects, personal affinity for one possible outcome, a desire to win, and the influence of previous experiments.
A atuação do professor mediante propostas de ensino de língua no livro didático
Authors: Silva Faria Edna , Da Silva Santos Karla Maria
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a relevância da intervenção do professor nas propostas de ensino de língua nolivro didático. Para tanto, fundamenta-se na teoria da análise linguística, a partir de Geraldi (1997) Antunes (2009)e Bezerra e Reinaldo (2013), nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1997) e toma como objeto de análise umlivro do ensino fundamental avaliado pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático e adotado por uma escola da redeEstadual do Estado de Goiás. Desse modo, a pesquisa procura observar o processo de avaliação e legitimação dolivro, as mudanças implementadas ao longo de sua história, o papel que professor tem exercido em sala de aula, eassim verifica as implicações da prática da análise linguística no livro didático analisado e no trabalho docente.Portanto, a pesquisa confirma a necessidade de uma intervenção efetiva, visto que o livro, não consegue promovercondições necessárias para uma análise reflexiva da língua, pois são as atividades interativas, promovidas pelamediação do professor, que garantem condições para ensino reflexivo e contextualizado.
The Reality of Life in Kosdu, Anak Kalap Novel by Rodli TL: A Sociology of Literature Study
Authors: Sutardi Sutardi , Rodli Rodli , Najmiatin Isnaini , Astutik Serly Widia , Yohandi Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the reality of live in the Kosdu, Anak Kalap includes the first reality of social, religius, and cultural life. Data collection teachniques used are reading and note-taking. Reading and note-tasking techniques are used to find out the reality of life contained in the kosdu novel. Based on the result of this study, it is konwn that there are several froms of life reality including the reality social, religius, and cultural life. The conclusions of some of these problem include the reality of social life reflected through social interactions carried out by the characters, the reality of religious life is reflected in the behavior and actions of the figures who are always submissive and obedient to the Islamic religion, the reality of cultural life is reflected through the beliefs of the characters in myths and kejawen value.
The Anger of the Main Character in the Perempuan Bersampur Merah Novel by Intan Adaru: A Study of Literary Psychology
Authors: Sariban Sariban , Furqon Hendrik , Babil M Ibad Sang , Retno Rahayu Tanti , Nisa’ Choirun , Putri Nafa Wahyuningtyas Eka
Published: December 2022

This study aims to describe (1) the form of anger of the main character in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru and (2) the factors of anger of the main character in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru, also describe (3) the psychological impact of the main character in the novel “Perempuan Bersampur Merah” by Intan Andaru. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subject of this research is the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru. The method of data collection is done by reading and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive technique, which is a research procedure with descriptive data presented in the form of the author's speech in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru.. The results showed that (1) the form of anger of the main character in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru, namely the anger described by the author in the main character, anger is an expression of human emotions in venting dissatisfaction, disappointment or mistakes when there is an emotional turmoil that does not occur. controlled include revenge, curiosity, irritation, hurt and overflowing emotions (2) the factors of anger between characters in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru there are several factors, namely environmental factors, family factors, social factors. Not only that, anger also arises on the basis of feeling disappointed, irritated, disgusted and annoyed. (3) the psychological impact of the main character in the novel "Perempuan Bersampur Merah" by Intan Andaru caused several problems for the main character, namely being depressed, uncomfortable with their environment, potentially hurting themselves, interfering with children's relationships with parents, even with family, problems with friends peers, school environment, even the environment where the child lives.
Discovering Student's Preferences of Learning English Speaking Activity during PTM Terbatas at MAN 1 Gresik
Authors: Minhatillah Nilna , Hidayah Mas'adatul , Nur Safira Elfa
Published: December 2022

Implementation of PTM Terbatas or limited face-to-face meetings affects English learning activities both online and offline. When it comes to learning, selection activity is crucial since it will connect to the learning outcomes. However, the primary objective of this study is to explore the student’s preferences for learning English Speaking skills during PTM Terbatas. This study applied Qualitative research. A series of questionnaires adapted from Huang Huang and Hu has been distributed to 36 students in 12th grade and an interview guideline for the English teacher of MAN 1 Gresik. The result of this study indicated that asking and answering questions with the teacher and playing online games are the most favorable activities. The conclusion is that students prefer asking and answering questions in offline activities while in online activities, they like playing online games more than other online activities.
Low prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in India
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Midha Vandana , Narang Vikram , Kedia Saurabh , Mahajan Ramit , Dhoble Pavan , Kahlon Bhavjeet Kaur , Dhaliwal Ashvin Singh , Tripathi Ashish , Kalra Shivam , Jain Narender Pal , Bansal Namita , Banerjee Rupa , Desai Devendra , Dutta Usha , Ahuja Vineet , Sood Ajit
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents the most common hepatobiliary extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Limited data exist on PSC in patients with IBD from India. We aimed to assess the prevalence and disease spectrum of PSC in Indian patients with IBD. Methods: Database of IBD patients at 5 tertiary care IBD centers in India were analyzed retrospectively. Data were extracted and the prevalence of PSC-IBD was calculated. Results: Forty-eight patients out of 12,216 patients with IBD (9,231 UC, 2,939 CD, and 46 IBD unclassified) were identified to have PSC, resulting in a prevalence of 0.39%. The UC to CD ratio was 7:1. Male sex and pancolitis (UC) or colonic CD were more commonly associated with PSC-IBD. The diagnosis of IBD preceded the diagnosis of PSC in most of the patients. Majority of the patients were symptomatic for liver disease at diagnosis. Eight patients (16.66%) developed cirrhosis, 5 patients (10.41%), all UC, developed malignancies (3 colorectal cancer [6.25%] and 2 cholangiocarcinoma [4.16%]), and 3 patients died (2 decompensated liver disease [4.16%] and 1 cholangiocarcinoma [2.08%]) on follow-up. None of the patients mandated surgical therapy for IBD. Conclusions: Concomitant PSC in patients with IBD is uncommon in India and is associated with lower rates of development of malignancies.
Application of Gamification-Based Online Learning on Student Learning Outcomes During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Seliro Wangi Nisaul Barokati , Chandra Novita Eka , Zulkarnaen Ali Aditya
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic case had an impact on student teaching and learning activities. Teaching and learning activities that were originally face-to-face changed to online or through the internet network. One of the impacts of online learning is that students feel bored, so the value of student learning outcomes decreases. To overcome these problems gamification is applied to online learning. Gamification is a learning strategy that includes game elements in it. This study aims to see the effectiveness of gamification-based online learning on student learning outcomes. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. The results showed that there were differences between the post-test scores of the gamification-based online learning group and the regular online learning group. This is reinforced by the value of descriptive statistics, namely the mean value of the gamification-based online learning post-test is higher than the post-test value of ordinary online learning. Based on the results of the N-Gain test, the mean value for the N-Gain test in the gamification-based online learning group of 77,3095% is included in the effective category. It was concluded that gamification-based online learning is effective for improving student learning outcomes.

Keywords: online learning, gamification, learning outcomes, effectiveness
Penerapan Metode Waterfall dalam Membangun Website Company Profile Matrix Laptop
Authors: Yonatan Koentjoro Edo , Sutanto Teguh , Santika Putra Rezza
Published: December 2022

Company profile menjadi langkah awal dalam memperkenalkan bisnisnya, baik di bidang layanan produk maupun layanan jasa. Company profile tidak hanya ditujukan kepada perusahaan besar saja, namun juga dapat digunakan untuk Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Salah satu tempat yang membutuhkan company profile adalah Matrix Laptop. UMKM ini bergerak di bidang produk dan jasa, meliputi perbaikan laptop dan troubleshooting yang dialami oleh konsumen. Sedangkan produk yang ditawarkan meliputi penjualan laptop bekas dan aksesoris laptop. Meskipun Matrix Laptop memiliki 2 lokasi, namun Matrix Laptop belum memliki website company profile. Hal ini membuat sosialisasi tentang keberadaan Matrix Laptop hanya sebatas mulut ke mulut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk merancang sistem website company profile Matrix Laptop menggunakan metode waterfall. Pada tahapan ini, penelitian difokuskan pada tahap "Requiremenst Analysis" dan tahap "System and Software Design". Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat membantu Matrix Laptop dalam mengembangkan website company profile sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN PAKISTAN STUDIES TEXTBOOK: QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors:   University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan., Naseer Hamna , Muhammad Yaar ,   GC Women University, Sialkot Pakistan, Jamil Muhammad ,   GC Women University, Sialkot Pakistan
Published: December 2022

The current study aimed to evaluate critical thinking skills included in the text-based exercise questions of the Pakistan Studies book at the secondary level. For this purpose, The Pakistan Studies textbook developed by the Punjab Text Book Board was analyzed. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the textbook based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy levels as well as nine pre-determined categories of Socratic questions. Categories from both types depict questions about critical thinking skills developed among the learners. It was found that text-based questions of Pakistan Studies were not conducive to the development of critical thinking skills among students. Just one question fell under critical thinking skills among all. Moreover, based on analytical categories, there was little inclination toward questions of clarification. On the other hand, there was no representation of any other category. Therefore, it is recommended that the textbook writers need focus on critical-thinking questions on text-based by the textbook writers to produce critical thinker citizens at the secondary level. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Pakistan Studies, Qualitative Content Analysis, Secondary School, Textbook Analysis
Logic, Spatial Algorithms and Visual Reasoning
Authors: Schumann Andrew , Lemanski Jens
Published: December 2022

Spatial and diagrammatic reasoning is a significant part not only of logical abilities, but also of logical studies. The authors of this paper consider some novel trends in studying this type of reasoning. They show that there are the following two main trends in spatial logic: (i) logical studies of the distribution of various objects in space (logic of geometry, logic of colors, etc.); (ii) logical studies of the space algorithms applied by nature itself (logic of swarms, logic of fungi colonies, etc.).
Implementación práctica de un sistema de Voz sobre Protocolo de Internet para la empresa Ferrocarriles del Centro en Santa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Ramos Fleites Arelys , Hernández Portal Enrique
Published: December 2022

El dinámico desarrollo de las redes datos en el mundo ha traído consigo la investigación y desarrollo de nuevos servicios encaminados a suplir las necesidades de comunicación en un mundo cada vez más exigente. Actualmente existen diferentes tecnologías que mejoran las comunicaciones a todos los niveles. En el presente trabajo se concibe desarrollar un sistema de Voz sobre Protocolo de Internet (VoIP, del inglés Voice over Internet Protocol) para brindar servicio de telefonía a las Comunicaciones, Señalización, Electricidad e Informática (COSIE) en la División Centro de Ferrocarriles de Cuba. Se caracterizan brevemente los protocolos y estándares para establecer servicios VoIP así como las herramientas que permiten la implementación de esta tecnología. Por tanto, se hace la propuesta del sistema para establecer llamadas desde un teléfono convencional a una PC; desde un teléfono IP a una PC, también a un teléfono convencional y llamadas múltiples entre todos los elementos del sistema. De esta manera se evalúan los resultados para cada uno de los escenarios usando herramientas de simulación. La propuesta tiene un alto significado para las comunicaciones ferroviarias y para los directivos, teniendo en cuenta que el alcance incluye las tres provincias centrales del país.
EFFECT OF SUPLEMENTING DIET WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRIPED KEFIR MILK ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS
Authors: Diab Al-Tamimi Ammar T. , Salman Al-Tamimi Mohammed S.
Published: December 2022

This work was carried out to study the effect of supplement diet of laying hens with dried Kefir Milk the on their productive performance. A total number of 144 laying Lohmann brown hens aged 22 weeks were, distributed randomly to four treatment with three replicates per treatment (12 hen/ replicate) The first treatments served as control group and was fed basal diet (no Kefir), The second treatments was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2 g, of dried Kefir milk/ kg feed the third treatments was fed the basal diet supplemented with 4 g dried Kefir milk/kg feed, while the fourth treatment was fed the basal diet supplemented 6g dried Kefir milk/kg feed .The experiment lasted for 16 weeks till the age of 38 weeks. The results revealed significant improvement of the productive traits of the treatment received dried Kefir milk compared with the control group (P <0.05) It may be concluded that rate of egg production (% hen day production) number weight mass of eggs. And feed efficiency during the production periods under study were significant better due to inclusion of dried Kefir milk to layers diet.
勝戰樞紐：戰區後勤分析及戰區配置
Authors: 朱凱麟 朱凱麟
Published: December 2022

「研究發展是軍隊進步之動力」,美陸軍繼多領域作戰及大規模軍事行動之作戰型態轉變,為持續達成捍衛國土及聯盟安全之目標,不斷建構部隊維持能力,以前瞻性、敏捷性、現代化形塑戰略優勢。

美陸軍物資司令部正主導整體設施投資計畫,藉數據分析及視覺化最新功能應用,除了為遠征部隊提供維持補給品及需求武器裝備,更戮力發展武力投射、預置物資、軍售聯盟,並與地主國確立多邊協定,以提供基地後勤能力及跨區部署,遂行作戰行動及部隊維持。

戰區後勤分析為戰略層級程序,是強大之部隊維持工具,戰區階層後勤支援整備與規劃之根基,協助後勤人員遂行戰區配置,建立作戰環境共識及部隊維持態勢,整合聯合後勤行動,以主導姿態完成整備就緒、迎戰未來。

 
Aproveitamento de água residuária de bovinocultura leiteira no cultivo de citronela: Efeitos na atividade fotoquímica e na biomassa
Authors: Hamacher Leonardo da Silva , Hüther Cristina Moll , Silva Leonardo Duarte Batista da , Carmo Dirlane de Fátima do , Coutada Joana Mayer , Schtruk Thais Gandelman , Pereira Carlos Rodrigues , Cecchin Daiane , Machado Thelma de Barros , Pinho Camila Ferreira de
Published: December 2022

Águas residuárias de bovinocultura (ARB) leiteira são alternativas parafornecer os nutrientes minerais, reduzindo o uso de fertilizantes. Assim,avaliaram-se a resposta da atividade fotoquímica e o ganho de biomassa emcitronela sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio aplicadas via lâminas de ARB.O nitrogênio foi o elemento de referência com base no qual se calculou aquantidade de ARB equivalente a ser aplicada. Assim, as doses de nitrogênioaplicadas via ARB foram de 100, 200, 300 e 400% em relação à adubaçãomineral utilizada no controle. Fluorescência da clorofila a, pigmentos emassa seca foram analisados. Verificou-se que a resposta da citronela àsdoses de ARB aplicadas foi tempo-dependente, e a energia absorvida pelosfotossistemas foi utilizada para redução dos aceptores finais na cadeia detransporte de elétrons, promovendo, em todas as doses, melhor eficiênciafotoquímica, mas isso não refletiu no ganho de biomassa, principalmentedas folhas.
Neutrófilos: Los mártires de la respuesta inmune innata
Authors: Torres-Aguilar Honorio , Almaraz-Arreortua Alexia
Published: December 2022

Under normal conditions, the neutrophils are the leukocytes more abundant in the bloodstream, and these cells are a relevant part of the innate immune response. They are the first cells recruited to sites of injury or inflammation to eliminate and prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or foreign agents immediately without depending on previous exposure. Neutrophils directly detect common structures conserved in pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) or facilitated by soluble molecules called opsonins. This recognizing activates the neutrophil effector functions, including phagocytosis, intracellular killing through phagolysosome formation, the release of antimicrobial granule contents by degranulation, or neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). This article describes the relevance of these cells in the immune response, highlighting the characteristics that make them “martyrs” as they are capable of dying faithful to their cause, protecting the body from infections.
HAMBATAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM PARIWISATA BUDAYA DI PROVINIS NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Bustan Fransiskus , Kabelan Alexander H. , Mata Rohi Christoforus D. , Toly Nau Adryanus S.
Published: December 2022

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian yang mengkaji beberapa hambatan dalam pengembangan program pariwisata budaya di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Materi yang dikaji dalam tulisan ini bersumber pada data hasil penelitian lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan mengendalai pengembangan program pariwisata budaya di NTT dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang hakikat kebudayaan, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kebermaknaan budaya, dan kurangnya apresiasi masyarakat terhadap budayanya sendiri. Tulisan ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk memperkaya sumber acuan bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat NTT dalam mengembangkan program pariwisata budaya.
PERSEPSI TENTANG TANAH MENURUT ORANG LAMAHOLOT DI SOLOR BARAT FLORES TIMUR, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Ola Simon Sabon , Kroon Yosep B.
Published: December 2022

Artikel ini berisi paparan mengenai persepsi orang Lamaholot di Solor Barat tentang tanah. Tanah memiliki fungsi vital dalam kehidupan manusia. Fungsi tanah dimaksud dapat diasumsikan bahwa terdapat persepsi yang bervariasi tentang tanah berdasarkan konteks budaya. Persepsi yang dimaksudkan dalam penelitian ini diungkapkan melalui analisis makna metaforik yang terkandung di dalam berbagai tuturan dalam bahasa Lamaholot. Berlandaskan konsep ekologi dan metafora, serta teori Linguistik Kebudayaan, diperoleh hasil analisis, sebagai berikut: (1) tanah sebagai tempat bermukim, dan (2) tempat mencari nafkah. Ekspresi kebahasaan tentang tanah yang tersirat di dalam data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang Lamaholot di Solor Barat mempersepsikan tanah sebagai benda yang bermuatan makna sakral dan magis. Kesakralan tanah diekspresikan dalam peringatan, “jangan main-main dengan tanah”. Ekspresi ini berimplikasi pada sikap dan perilaku terhadap tanah, antara lain: patuh dalam hal kepemilikan dan batas-batasnya. Jika ketentuan tentang kepemilikan dan batas-batasnya dilanggar, seseorang akan mendapatkan sanksi serius berupa kematian.
KECERMATAN MENGANALISIS KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI
Authors: Nai Firmina A.
Published: December 2022

Menulis skripsi adalah salah satu prasyarat untuk meraih gelar sarjana. Para mahasiswa diberi kebebasan memilih judul atau topik untuk diteliti, dikaji dan dianalisis menjadi sebuah tulisan ilmiah dalam rangka mengimplementasi teori yang telah diterima selama perkuliahan. Problematika pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia di SMP, SMA, dan SMK merupakan objek yang sangat kompleks, menarik, dan penting untuk dikaji  Untuk dapat menguji dan menganalisis kemampuan siswa, para mahasiswa seyogyanya telah terlebih dahulu memiliki kemampuan tersebut. Menguji kemampuan siswa dalam hal ini, tidak dapat dibatasi hanya pada persoalan ketertarikan atau keberminatan semata. Ketertarikan yang juga harus ditunjang oleh kemampuan diri. Artikel ini menyajikan, sebuah skripsi yang secara cermat menguraikan latar belakang,  merumuskan masalah, menentukan teori sebagai landasan penelitian, memilih metode penelitian, membahas hasil penelitian, sampai penyimpulan. Kecermatan penulis skripsi tersebut, mendorong penulis menyajikan artikel ini dan diberi judul “Kecermatan Menganalisis Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksposisi”. Judul yang tampak  tak  berbatas itu akan menjadi spesifik ketika penulis memaparkan bagaimana penulis skripsi menguraikan latar belakang, menentukan landasan teori, memilih dan menetapkan metode,  menyajikan dan membahas hasil penelitian, sampai pada kecermatannya dalam membuat simpulan.
Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Emsile Kitabı Üzerine Yaptığı Ta‘lîkât
Authors: SANCAR İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Eğitim ve öğretim, medeniyetlerin temelini oluşturan etkili unsurlardan biridir. Birçok medeniyet, kendisine ait bir eğitim sistemi geliştirmiştir. İslam Medeniyeti de medreseleri temel eğitim ve öğretim kurumu olarak benimsemiştir. Cevdet Paşa, Osmanlı eğitim ve öğretim kurumu olan medreselerde kaliteli bir öğrenim görmüştür. Cevdet Paşa, derslerinde başarılı bir öğrencidir. Bu başarı onu, medrese derslerinde okutulan kitaplara ta‘lîk ve hâşiye yazacak bir seviyeye ulaştırmıştır. Cevdet Paşa’nın yaşadığı dönemde dünyada savaşlar, ekonomik değişimler, siyasi ve kültürel etkileşimler oluşmuştur. Bu olaylar, devletin yönetiminde yer alan birçok kişiyi etkilediği gibi Cevdet Paşa’yı da etkilemiş ve onun devletin birçok kurumunda görev almasına sebep olmuştur. Cevdet Paşa, görevinde yoğunluk yaşamasına rağmen medreselerde eğitim kalitesinin artması için emek sarf etmiştir. Konuyla ilgili olarak Türkçe ve Arapça özgün eserler yazmıştır. Onun özgün eserlerinden birisi de, Arapça telif edilen ve medreselerde ders kitabı olarak okutulan bazı kitaplara yazdığı ta‘lîkâtlardır. Bu eserler bir arada basılmış olup çoğu başlangıç aşamasında kalmıştır. Cevdet Paşa, Emsile, Binâul-ef‘al, Netâicü’l-efkâr, Mutavvel, Şâfiye kitapları üzerine ta’likât yazmıştır. Cevdet Paşa’nın yazdığı bu eser üzerine tarafımızca yüksek lisans tez çalışması yapılmıştır. Cevdet Paşa Türkçe üzerine çalışmalar yaptığı gibi Arapça üzerinde de çalışmalar yapmış ve bu eseri yazmıştır. Bu çalışmada Cevdet Paşa’nın kütüphane raflarında gizli kalmış bu eserini incelemek ve tanıtmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu sebeple ülkemizdeki dilbilim alanına bir katkı sağlamak için böyle bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu makalede Cevdet Paşa’nın adı geçen eserinin bir bölümü olan Emsile üzerinde çalışma yapılmıştır. Makalede, ta‘lîkât kavramı ve medreselerde okutulan Emsile kitabı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Cevdet Paşa’nın Emsile’ye yaptığı taʻlîkâtı Türkçe ve Arapça kaynaklardan yararlanılarak eser inceleme çalışması yapılmıştır.