bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HELMINTHS OF DONKEYS IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Authors: Kaniyazov  , Shakarboev
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the presented work is to study the helminths of donkeys in the
territory of Karakalpakstan and the level of their infestation. Materials for the
study were collected in a number of districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
in 2016–2021. During this period, by complete and incomplete helminthological
autopsy according to the method of Academician K. I. Scriabin (1928) examined 31
animals. At the same time, 138 samples of feces were taken from donkeys and their
helminthocoprological study was carried out using various methods (the method
of Fülleborn, Kalantaryan, Shcherbovich, Darling and the method of successive
washings). When determining the species composition of helminths, attention was
paid to their morphological features and localization. All examined animals were
infested with helminths. It was noted that 49 species of helminths parasitize on
donkeys, which belong to 3 classes, 8 genera, 17 families. Studies have shown that
helminths found in donkeys combine 43 species of the Nematoda class (87.7%), 4
species of the Cestoda class (8.2%) and 2 species of the Trematoda class (4.1%). Also,
helminths that parasitize donkeys are divided into biohelminths and geohelminths
according to the cycle of their development. Of the registered helminths, 15 species
have been identified as biohelminths and 34 species as geohelminths. These species
parasitize in the digestive system (42), respiratory system (2), cardiovascular system
(1), abdominal cavity (1), subcutaneous tissue (1) and joints (2) of the host organism.
THE USE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AGAINST PARASITIC DISEASES OF ANIMALS
Authors: Kachanova  , Belomytseva
Published: May 2022

Today, the chemical method is one of the main methods for the prevention and
treatment of animal against parasites. Chemical preparations and means for
the treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases have a number of negative
consequences for the host organism. For example, this is an intoxication of the
body caused by the decay products of dead parasites and the influence of the
constituent components of drugs. Chemicals that belong to the 4th hazard class are
poisonous to living organisms. Therefore, they reduce the functioning of internal
organs. In connection with the foregoing, the search for new methods of protection
and treatment of animals from parasitic diseases remains relevant. Every year, the
pollution of the planet with various chemicals is increasing. Therefore, we must
consider alternative options for parasites control. Physical methods are among such
new methods, including the use of electromagnetic waves (EMW). In our article,
we analyzed the available Russian and foreign works on the use of electromagnetic
waves for the treatment and prevention of invasive and non-invasive animal diseases.
These works have shown that the use of EMW for the prevention and treatment of
parasitic and non-contagious diseases of animals, as well as for the disinfestation of
premises with animals, is an effective physical method.
REDUCTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF CATTLE ON THE BACKGROUND OF HELMINTHO-PROTOZOOSIS
Authors: Klimova  , Mkrtchyan  , Reshetnikova
Published: May 2022

An analysis of the decrease in the milk productivity of cattle due to helminthprotozoal invasions showed that the average daily milk yield of intact animals
is 29.6±1.0 kg with a selling price of 23.0 rubles (highest grade), and the average
daily productivity of infested cows ranges from 25.4±0.8 (with fascioliasis) up to
28.7±0.7 kg (with eimeriosis). When infected with helminthiasis, the quality of
products also decreases. A significant shortage of milk for 6 months is observed
with fascioliasis (714.3 kg/head) and dicroceliosis (594.8 kg/head). In the Udmurt
Republic, strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract are also quite widespread. Our
studies have shown that with these nematodes per one infected cow, the profit from milk productivity for six months is reduced by 6804 rubles. Intracellular parasites –
eimeria, destroy intestinal epithelial cells, which leads to disruption of the process of
digestion and absorption and directly affects productivity. Despite the low intensity of
invasion (14.8±0.7), with eimeriosis in cows, there is also a slight (by 3.1%) decrease
in milk productivity (28.7±0.7 kg/head) while maintaining the grade of milk. We
found that for 6 months from one cow infected with Eimeria monoinvasion, the
farm receives less milk by 137.1 kg.
STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TREMATODE ALARIA ALATA (GOEZE, 1782) IN THE RED FOX (VULPES VULPES) IN YAKUTIA
Authors: Kokolova  , Gavrilieva  , Okhlopkov  , Sivtseva  , Stepanova  , Mamaev  , Dulova
Published: May 2022

The results are presented for the study on the distribution of the trematode Alaria alata
in the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Yakutia. Sexually mature forms of the
trematode Alaria alata were found in the small intestine of the fox, and the prevalence of
invasion was 31.6% with an invasion intensity of 52±0.2 specimens. In the last decade,
the number of foxes in Yakutia has increased. According to the Republican Department
of Hunting Economy, the number of these animals totaled up to 23 thousand specimens
in 2020. Sharp fluctuations in the number of foxes in Central Yakutia are associated
with a decrease in the number of the Arctic hare (Lepus timidus) and the muskrat
(Ondatra zibethicus). The number of foxes is greater in the Republic’s "hare" regions of
Verkhoyansky, Eveno-Bytantaisky and Kobyaysky uluses, where the dynamics of the
number of foxes repeats the "hare" regions with a lag of 2–3 years. Foxes live throughout the territory of Yakutia, usually closer to taiga-lake lowlands with an abundance of
meadow-lake, bottomland and shrub habitats where the meadow mouse and the
muskrat can be found. The authors find remains of the muskrat, squirrel, chipmunk,
pikas, mouse-like rodents and ungulates in the diet of the fox. Additionally, insects,
mollusks, berries and herbaceous plants are found among food objects. Red foxes are
of significant importance in the epizootology of alariosis as the main source of the
trematode spreading in nature.
FECUNDITY OF INTESTINAL STRONGYLATA IN HORSES IN CRITICAL CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA
Authors: Kokolova  , Gavrilieva  , Sleptsova  , Stepanova  , Dulova
Published: May 2022

Horse herd farming based on the year-round pasture management of horses has become
one of the main branches of animal husbandry and the basis of the lifestyle and economy
of the Yakutia population. Herds are formed according to their sex and age: stallions,
mares, and foals are kept in the herd. Helminth infections are widespread among herd
horses and are chronic in most cases without pronounced clinical manifestations.
Horses seem to be completely healthy from the point of view of the usual visions of the disease. Therefore, no preventive or treatment measures are often applied. In cases of
asymptomatic helminth infections (subclinical forms), the huge economic damage
caused by them is determined not so much by the death of animals, but it is very
difficult to endure wintering in Yakutia with a high invasion degree, and loss of fatness
and weight. The Authors of the Article studied the interspecific relationships of equine
intestinal nematodes in mixed invasion, and detected changes in the population density
of individual nematode species in horses of different age and in different seasons of the
year. The Strongylata incidence and infection rate in herd horses was studied based on
the results of quantitative coproovoscopic and larvoscopic studies of faeces from herd
horses, and on the results of incomplete helminthological dissections on horse ranches
of Central Yakutia.
SEROTONIN STRUCTURES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF PLANARIANS POLYCELIS TENUIS: MOPHOMETRIC RESEARCH
Authors: Kreshchenko  , Mitkovskii
Published: May 2022

The serotonergic components in the nervous system of the planarian Polycelis tenuis
were studied by the indirect immunocytochemical method for staining frozen
tissue sections and their analysis using a fluorescence microscope. Morphometric
measurements were conducted on microphotographs taken from stained serotonin
immune-positive sections using a digital photo camera. The P. tenuis central nervous
system is represented by a pair of cerebral ganglia connected by a commissure having
together a butterfly-like shape and prominent ventral nerve cords that lie along the
whole planarian’s body. Each cerebral ganglion had a size of 132–310 µm on serial
sections. From 12 to 17 serotonin components were visible in one ganglion on one
tissue section. The thickness of the nerve cords was 138 to 60 µm in different areas
of the body. Nerve knots located along the way of the ventral nerve cords had 5–6
up to 8 serotonergic neurons of 11 to 23 µm. The obtained results can be useful for
comparative analysis of the nervous system in free-living and parasitic flatworms to
define their evolutionary development aspects.
STUDY OF THE 5,8S-ITS2 RIBOSOMAL DNA REGIONS IN THREE SPECIES OF THE GENUS METASTRONGYLUS (NEMATODA: METASTRONGYLIDAE)
Authors: Kuchboev  , Amirov  , Karimova  , Solieva  , Sobirov
Published: May 2022

Nematodes of the genus Metastrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) have
adapted to parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles of the wild and domestic pig.
Metastrongyles are widely spread in wild pig populations throughout the world and
occur in a mixed form under natural infection conditions. The development cycle of
all three types of the pathogens proceeds in the same way involving intermediate hosts,
various types of earthworms. It is difficult to identify the species of these nematodes
only by morphological characters. The study used nematodes Metastrongylus
elongatus, M. pudendotectus, and M. salmi isolated from the lungs of wild pigs in the
Tashkent Region of Uzbekistan. DNA was isolated using the Insect DNA Purification kit (India). Comparative analysis of the pairwise nucleotide sequence showed that
these three species differed from each other, and the found relationships were
similar to those previously described based on the morphology. Phylogenetic trees
were built using maximum likelihood methods and it was proved that all the studied
species turned out to have high bootstrap support and had found a separate place
in the cladogram. The analysis of the study results using rDNA and morphological
characters allowed us to determine the relationships of the considered taxa.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE KRASNOBOR GROUP OF THE WILD REINDEER IN THE ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: Loginova  , Mizin  , Mamontov
Published: May 2022

In November 2021, 21 samples of freshly excreted faeces were collected from
reindeer (Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Krasnoborsky District of
the Arkhangelsk Region. Each sample was examined for sexually mature adult
helminths and their fragments, and then divided into parts. The first part was
subjected to coprolarvoscopy using the Vajda method. The second part was subjected to flotation coproovoscopy using the Darling method. The third part was subjected
to sedimentation method of coproovoscopy using sequential washing. Parasitic
nematodes of the order Strongylida were found: eggs of gastrointestinal parasites
(prevalence = 57%) and first-instar larvae of helminths of the Protostrongylidae family
(prevalence = 62%), the so-called DSL (dorsal-spined larvae). Morphologically,
they correspond to the description of a typical (and, as it was believed, the only one
from the Protostrongylidae family) brain nematode of the reindeer, Elaphostrongylus
rangiferi. However, these larvae were morphometrically heterogeneous: groups with
sizes of about 337 and 374 µm are within the range of 309–375 given by the species
descriptor, but groups of larvae with a length of about 391 and 415 µm exceed such
range. This also indicates their taxonomic diversity. In addition, some of the found
larvae had pathological extensions of the body, both in the esophagus area and along
a greater length. Molecular phylogenetic studies have been planned.
INFECTION WITH METACERCARIAS OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS RIVOLTA, 1884 (TREMATODA) IN SOME SPECIES OF FISH OF THE FAMILY CYPRINIDAE IN THE KEMEROVO REGION
Authors: Manikovskaya
Published: May 2022

The materials of parasitological study of fish of the family Cyprinidae in some points
of the Kemerovo Region, which is located in the zone of a large West Siberian focus
of opisthorchiasis, belonging to the Ob-Irtysh basin, are presented. The studies were
carried out in order to detect changes in the infestation of previously studied species
of fish of the family Cyprinidae in comparison with the data obtained in 2012–
2013 by students of the "Club of Beginning Parasitologists" (GUDO "Regional
Children's Ecological and Biological Station", Kemerovo). To detect infection of
fish with O. felineus metacercariae, the method of muscle tissue compression was
used. Quantitative indicators of infestation and distribution of metacercariae were
assessed using the indices: extensiveness of invasion (EI) and intensity of invasion
(II). Infestation rates of fish of the family Cyprinidae slightly increased in 2021
compared to 2013: EI 25.15% and 22.58%, respectively. Out of 214 caught fish of
four species: Alburnus alburnus, Rutilus rutilus lacustris, Rutilus rutilus, Carassius
gibelio, the highest infestation rates were noted for R. rutilus lacustris – 58.64%,
the lowest for R. rutilus and C. gibelio – 2.32% and 2.11% respectively. The total
infestation of fish in the Tom River within the city of Kemerovo was 35.35%, in the
Zhurgavan – 27.14%, in the Demyanovka – 18.56%. The largest number of larvae
was noted in the muscles of the R. rutilus lacustris, the smallest – in the R. rutilus
from the Tom River in the Zhurgavan and C. gibelio in the Demyanovka. The study
of the infestation of some species of cyprinids with O. felineus metacercariae at three
points in the Kemerovo Region indicates that the state of water bodies is not well
enough in relation to opisthorchiasis and the likelihood of infestation of residents
with this helminthiasis.
HELMINTHS OF DOGS CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Akramova  , Safarov  , Abdinabiev  , Azimov
Published: May 2022

Domestic carnivores – dogs are often infected with parasites that are dangerous to
themselves and to many farm animals, as well as to humans. We have found that
dogs of rural and urban populations in Uzbekistan are significantly infested with
helminths. Of the 399 individuals of the examined dogs, helminths were found in
378, which is 94.9%. The helminths found during their identification turned out
to be representatives of 32 species belonging to 4 classes – Cestoda, Trematoda,
Acanthocephala and Nematoda. According to the number of species on the
territory of Uzbekistan, nematodes predominate from the groups of helminths
under consideration – 18 species. They are distributed among seven orders:
Trichocephalida (2 families, 2 genera, 2 species), Ascaridida (2 families, 2 genera, 2
species), Spirurida (5 families, 5 genera, 9 species) and Dioctophymida, Rhabditida,
Strongylida, Pseudaliida, which are represented by one family. For the noted
nematode species, dogs are definitive hosts. Among the orders of nematodes, the largest number of species has the order Spirurida (9 species). Original data on the
structure of the helminth fauna of dogs of rural and urban populations are presented.
The study was conducted by the method of complete helminthological autopsies of
dogs and individual organs.
FORMATION MONITORING OF PARASITE FAUNA IN STABLED ANIMALS OR ANIMALS IN ENCLOSED GRAZING AREAS
Authors: Movsesyan  , Petrosyan  , Nikogosyan  , Vardanyan  , Terenina  , Voronin
Published: May 2022

Monitoring studies were performed on biological diversity of parasite fauna in
domesticated animals at the territory of the Joint Russian-Armenian Scientific
Experimental Centre, within the piedmont zone of Armenia with moderate
continental climate at 900-1200 m above the sea level. The study species were large
and small ruminants, rabbits and hens. All the animals except sheep were kept
indoors (stalls). We found 3 trematode species, 4 cestode species and 5 nematode
species based on seasonal coproovoscopic and larvoscopic examinations, as well
as an incomplete helminthological dissections of 5 sheep. The infection of sheep
and cattle with hematophagous parasites was also detected and the infection of hens
and rabbits with helminths and protozoa was found. Oribatid mites Scheloribates
sp. were isolated from the studied soil samples. We also found and studied land and
freshwater molluscs, intermediate hosts of a number of important parasite species
for the infection. The land molluscs were found to have naturally-acquired invasions
with larval forms of Protostrongylidae and Dicrocoeliidae. In total, we found 20
helminth species, 5 ixodid ticks, 1 oribatid mite and 7 protozoa, and vectors: 2
species of freshwater molluscs and 1 species of land molluscs.
SCHISTOSOMA TURKESTANICA SKRJABIN, 1913: TOPOGRAPHY OF CERCARIAE EMISSION FROM A SPONTANEOUSLY INVADED OBLIGATE INTERMEDIATE HOST LYMNAEA AURICULARIA L., 1758
Authors: Moskvin
Published: May 2022

The algorithm of ethology of cercariae (=furcocercariae) of the trematode
Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913, when implementing the scenario of the
emission process from the naturally invaded mollusk Lymnaea auricularia L., 1758,
is constant and consists of two periods. In the first, preliminary, larvae migrate into
the subepithelial tissue of the mollusk. In the second, final, consisting of two phases,
furcocercariae pierce the epithelial tissue "from the inside out" and go out into the
external environment. Initiation by cercariae of the process of exit from the body of
the mollusk Lymnaea auricularia L., 1758, excludes the possibility of suspension or
reverse development of the sequence of events. Anatomical and topographic areas
of the body of the obligate intermediate host Lymnaea auricularia L., 1758, are
not limiting factors for the realization of the final phases of the emission process
of the cercariae of the trematode Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913. The
resulting vector of interstitial migration of cercariae, stochastically oriented in the
direction of the shell mouth of the mollusk Lymnaea auricularia L., 1758, brings
the larva into the subepithelial tissue in any topographic area of the body of the
intermediate host, where the integumentary epithelium borders with the external
environment. To denote the anatomical topography of the apical part of the body of
the cercarium trematode Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913, we propose to use
the term "apical talus organ". The process of emission of cercariae of the trematode
Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913, from the body of the mollusk Lymnaea
auricularia L., 1758, is invasive for the latter.
DIAGNOSTICS, PREVENTION AND THERAPY OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS OF THE RED DEER IN THE KALININGRAD REGION
Authors: Muromtsev  , Efremov  , Engashev  , Engasheva
Published: May 2022

The research purpose is to identify and study parasite fauna of the red deer in the
Kaliningrad Region, to determine intermediate hosts of helminths and their role in
the spread of helminth infections of animals, and to study the efficacy of new domestic
drugs Monizen-forte, Iversan and Gelmicide produced by NVC Agrovetzashchita,
LLC against the main helminth infections of the deer. We ran diagnostics of
European red deer (Cervus elaphus) for helminthiasis by helminthoscopic methods on Kaliningrad Region reindeer farms from 2018 to 2021. We identified 45 helminth
species in red deer in the Kaliningrad Region. Of these, 6 trematode species, 4
cestode species and 35 nematode species. The dehelminthization used the following
domestic antiparasitic drugs produced in NVC AVZ, LLC: Monizen-forte, Iversan
and Gelmicide, whose therapeutic efficacy was 100% for nematode infections, and
95% for trematode and cestode infections. The drugs are well tolerated and do not
cause any local irritation or allergic reactions on the skin and mucous membranes.
We conducted dehelminthization of 3 groups of deer three times a year: in March,
July and October 2021. The obtained study results made it possible to develop and
take veterinary measures to treat and prevent helminth infections of antler deer in
the Kaliningrad Region.
DOMINANT HELMINTHS AND HELMINTOZOONOSIS OF THE STRAY CATS IN MOSCOW MEGAPOLIS
Authors: Pasechnik
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article was to determine the infestation with dominant helminths
and helminthozoonosis of stray cats in the Moscow megapolis. Coproovoscopic
examinations were conducted in the spring, summer and autumn of 2021. A total
of 172 stray cats were examined, including 59 stray kittens under one year old.
Infestation of stray cats with helminthozoonosis Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina,
Dipylidium caninum and helminth Taenia spp. was revealed. In previous years, we
conducted studies of circus and Zoo carnivores of the feliform (Felidae), which were
infested with various parasites, including helminthozoonosis. With Toxocara cati
(=T. mystax) were infested: circus cats with EI (extensiveness of invasion) =10%,
lions with EI=25%, Siberian tigers with EI=41.6%, leopards with EI=50%, and
with Toxascaris leonina – circus Amur tigers and lions with EI = 100% and with the
maximum number of eggs of Toxascaris in the summer – more than 21 000 in 1 g
of feces. Helminthozoonosis Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina: domestic, circus and
stray cats can be a source of human disease (especially children) and most often in
the larval form larva migrans viscerale. Toxocara cati reached its maximum value in
kittens under one year old in autumn (EI = 39.1%), and in stray cats older than a
year in spring (EI = 36%). Toxascaris leonina was not found in stray kittens under one year old, and in stray cats older than a year, the maximum invasion value reached in
spring (EI=20%). Dipylidium caninum in stray kittens reached the maximum value
of invasion in spring (EI=47.6%) and autumn (EI=43.5%), and in stray cats older
than a year in autumn (EI=50%). Taenia spp. in stray kittens under one year old, the
maximum value of infestation reached in summer (EI=6.7%), and in stray cats older
than a year in summer (EI=17.6%). Parasitic diseases contribute to the weakening
of the immunity of animals and create more favorable conditions for the infestation
of animals with viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, the detection of helminths
and helminthozoonosis of not only Zoo, circus, domestic representatives of the
feliform (Felidae), but also homeless cats remains an urgent problem of healing and
prevention from parasitic diseases, which was the purpose of our article.
HELMINTHOFAUNA OF HORSES IN RYAZAN REGION
Authors: Pozolotina  , Samukova  , Glotova  , Voloshenkova
Published: May 2022

The high susceptibility of horses to invasive diseases caused by the intestinal
helminthofauna, regardless of age, physiological state of the livestock of horse
breeding farms, is still the object of research. The damage caused by helminths is a
decrease in productivity and efficiency, weakening the immunity of horses and, with
severe invasion, can lead to blockage of the intestines, colic and death of animals.
Only timely detection of parasites and subsequent treatment, prevention of invasive
diseases can prevent economic losses. The importance of studying the climatic and
geographical distribution of these parasitic organisms becomes obvious. This paper
discusses the presence of horse helminths as a phenomenon in the Ryazan Region.
26 fecal samples from horses aged 5–10 years were examined using the microscopy
method. Samples of fresh feces were taken from individual stalls twice: on November
16, 2021 and on December 2, 2021. Identification of intestinal helminths was
conducted by the Fulleborn method (with a saturated saline solution) followed by
examination of drops under a microscope with a magnification of 400. As a result
of the studies, eggs of Strongylus equinus, Parascaris equorum, as well as sexually mature representatives of Parascaris equorum after livestock deworming were found.
Antiparasitic measures were selected taking into account the biology of the pathogen.
FEATURES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF ALARIA ALATA (TREMATODA, STRIGEIDIDA) IN THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK-SOIL REGION: PARATENIC HOSTS
Authors: Romashov  , Romashova
Published: May 2022

New data were obtained on the implementation of the Alaria alata life cycle in the
conditions of the Central Black-Soil Region. Based on the materials of our research,
paratenic hosts of A. alata were identified: Natrix natrix, Vipera berus, Neovison
vison, Myodes glareolus. Alaria mesocercariae were observed in all the studied
Natrix natrix (27 specimens) and Vipera berus (7 specimens) with the extensiveness
of infestation (EI) of 100%. Intensity of infestation (II) averaged 12.0 specimens in
N. natrix (2–18 specimens) and 261.3 specimens (12–627 specimens) in V. berus.
Alaria mesocercariae were found in the Neovison vison with localization mainly in
the esophagus, subcutaneous tissue, striated muscles, and serous integuments. The
maximum number of mesocercariae was found in the esophagus – 50 specimens.
The M. glareolus was registered as a paratenic host of A. alata with localization of
mesocercariae in the M. glareolus in the esophagus. Taking into account the earlier
helminthofaunistic materials on the study of the life cycle of A. alata conducted in the
Voronezh Region and adjacent areas, other species of mammals were also registered as
paratenic hosts. Mesocercariae have been recorded in Sus scrofa, mouse-like rodents: M. glareolus and Microtus arvalis, mice: Apodemus uralensis, Apodemus flavicollis and
A. agrarius, Dryomys nitedula and Castor fiber.
CHANGES IN LYMPHOID TISSUE IN MICE AT THE INTRODUCTION OF POLYOXIDONIUM IMMUNOPREPARATIONS IN TRICINELLOSIS
Authors: Rudneva  , Zhdanova  , Napisanova  , Chasovskich  , Rossokhin
Published: May 2022

Intestinal lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the presentation of antigens
to immunocompetent cells and participation in the subsequent immune response.
The elements of the system are dynamic, they form and disappear depending on the presence of stress factors of various nature. The article presents the parameters of
intestinal lymphoid tissue in mice under the action of polyoxidonium and a complex
preparation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the response of LTASK and the
spleen to the introduction of a complex immunopreparation with different content
of a specific antigen-extract from Trichinella larvae and polyoxidonium. The study
was conducted on 24 outbred white mice, weighing 16–18 g, divided into 3 groups of
7 animals each. Animals of the first control group were injected with saline, animals
of the 2nd group were injected with polyoxidonium at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg (0.004
mg/mouse), and the 3rd group received a complex preparation consisting of an
immunostimulant at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. The results of the studies showed that
the area of the intestines and the syntopy of the lymphoid tissue did not change,
however, the average number of lymphoid nodules in the groups of mice treated
with the polyoxidonium preparation was 8.1±0.1 lymphoid nodules/cm2, and in the group receiving the complex preparation – 7.5±0.3 lymphoid nodules/cm2
.
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON PARASITOSIS AND COMPREHENSIVE CONTROL OF EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS STAGES OF EIMERIA SPP. ON INDUSTRIAL TURKEY FARMS
Authors: Safiullin  , Chalysheva
Published: May 2022

The conducted studies have shown that Eimeria infections are widespread in young
turkeys on industrial farms in Russia. The species composition of Eimeria oocysts
detected in litter samples of the turkeys kept in the Penza Region showed the following
Eimeria species: 80% of Eimeria meleagrimitis, 15% of E. meleagridis and 5% of E.
adenoides. The highest Eimeria invasion prevalence in males was determined at the
age of 35 days, the IP 45%, and in females at the age of 49 days, the IP 30%. The
highest intensity of Eimeria invasion was observed at the same age. Subsequently,
we observed a gradual decrease in the prevalence and intensity of Eimeria invasion
up to 105 days of age. The clinical manifestations of Eimeria invasion were not
observed in the turkeys. The comprehensive measures against exogenous stages (new
polycomposite drug Virukill 260) and endogenous stages (eimeriocide, Toltrazuril
and probiotic Vetelact) of Eimeria showed high antiparasitic efficacy, and had a
positive effect on the biological protection of poultry buildings where young turkeys
were grown, and on the economic performance of production. Our results showed
the need for a comprehensive control of exogenous and endogenous development
stages of Eimeria oocysts on industrial turkey farms.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TAPEWORM EGGS IN COPROLITES OF DOGS FROM THE XVI–XVIII CENTURIES
Authors: Sivkova  , Gorbunov  , Kosintsev
Published: May 2022

Several ancient settlements were explored in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous
Okrug whose cultural deposits were found to have a large number of coprolites
including those belonging to domesticated dogs which had been widely used by the
ancient regional population for hunting and reindeer breeding. The coprolites of
dogs were found to have helminth eggs whose identification was only possible by
morphological characteristics. The sedimentation method was used to analyze 10
coprolites of domesticated dogs collected from the cultural deposit of the Nadym
settlement, where people lived 300–500 years ago. In 6 samples, oval-shaped eggs
with an operculum or an open mouth (in the absence of an operculum) were found,
which makes it possible to classify them as belonging to the order Pseudophyllidea.
We performed morphometric studies of the best-preserved eggs using the Photom
1.21 software. The presented eggs have an average length of 67.90±1.3 µm with a
width in the middle part of 49.06±1.03 µm; the mouth width was 25.09±0.88. These
morphometric characteristics are most consistent with the size of the broad tapeworm
Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) Luhe, 1899 (syn. Diphyllobothrium latum) eggs found today. Thus, the presence of a long-term focus of diphyllobothriasis was
detected in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug according to morphometric
diagnostic methods.
OPISTHORCHIDES OF THE AMERICAN MINK (NEOVISON VISON) IN NATURAL BIOCENOSIS OF CENTRAL RUSSIA
Authors: Andreyanov
Published: May 2022

The research purpose was to identify helminth infections caused by the
Opisthorchidae family in the American mink in its natural habitats. The material
for this work was helminths collected from carcasses of the American mink during
2011–2021. We mashed up the liver in warm physiological saline, opened the cavity
of the gallbladder and bile ducts with ophthalmic scissors, allowed to stand and
examined the residue for trematode eggs and helminth marita. The detected flat
worms were differentiated using the identification guide by D. P. Kozlov (1977). A
total of 32 fur animals were studied during the reporting period. As a result of the
research, 3 species of opisthorchides were identified. Pseudamphistomum truncatum
was detected in 18 animals (56.3%). Areas contaminated by helminths were detected
in the Ryazan Region. Metorchis albidus was found in minks in two cases (6.3%) with
an infection rate of 6 and 11 trematodes per animal. Сontaminated territories were
recorded in the Vladimir and Ryazan Regions. An Opisthorchis felineus pathogen was
found in one mink (3.2%) in the Ryazan Region. Functional foci of trematodiases
of the American mink were detected in the Central region of Russia (Vladimir and
Ryazan Region). Pathogens of trematode infections of the family Opisthorchidae
were recorded in the gallbladder of the animal's liver.
STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF COMBINED IMIDACLOPRID-, PYRIPROXYFEN- AND MOXIDECTIN-BASED DRUGS AGAINST ECTOPARASITOSIS IN DOGS AND CATS
Authors: Tochieva  , Arisov
Published: May 2022

We studied therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of new drugs against ectoparasitosis
in dogs and cats. New veterinary drugs for dogs and cats were developed with the
combined active substances (Imidacloprid, Pyriproxyfen and Moxidectin) in the
form of a spot-on solution for external application at the premises of the VNIIP –
FSC VIEV. The difference between the drugs is the different content of Moxidectin
– the Moxidectin content is 2.5 times higher in the drug for dogs than the drug for
cats. The studies were performed on dogs and cats of different sex, age, body weight
and breed spontaneously infected with pathogens of acariasis and entomosis in the settings of the Podolsk Experimental Production Base of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV
and in a Moscow veterinary clinic in 2021. Experimental and control groups were
formed according to the principle of analogues. The diagnosis and drug efficacy were
confirmed holistically based on the anamnestic and epizootological data, clinical
picture and laboratory research methods (microscopy of scraps taken from the
affected areas of the skin, and examination of the coat for fleas, lice, chewing lice
and ixodid ticks). Babesiosis (piroplasmosis) was excluded in the dogs. The drugs
were used in the experimental group of animals in the dose range of 0.1–0.4 mL per
kg of the body weight of the animal according to the Draft Instructions for Use. It
was found that the drugs showed high therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against
sarcoptic mange of dogs, notoedric mange of cats, otodectic mange and entomosis
of dogs and cats, as well as ixodid ticks attacking animals.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGY FOR CONTROL WITH PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES
Authors: Udalova
Published: May 2022

Nanobiotechnology is a modern trend in agriculture, especially relevant in the field
of plant protection, including against parasitic nematodes. The unique properties
of nanoparticles (NPs) are mainly associated with a very large area compared to
the volume occupied, which affects their chemical and physical properties. The
paper summarizes the literature and our own research results on the possibility of
using various NPs, both metals (silver, gold) and non-metals (selenium, silicon)
and their oxides (aluminum, titanium and silicon oxides) in the control of the most
pathogenic nematode species. Possible mechanisms of action of these particles
on nematodes and plants are presented. In particular, it has been shown that NPs
are able to suppress the vital activity of phytoparasitic nematodes due to their high
reactivity, which causes oxidative stress in the organism of nematodes. They can
affect respiratory enzymes, affect the DNA functions of treated nematode cells,
cause their lysis, and inhibit the activity of nematode proteases. In addition to the
direct toxic effect, NPs reduce the reproductive potential of nematodes. It also
shows the indirect effect of NPs through plants, which is conducted due to their
elicitor activity.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TRICHINELLOSCOPY
Authors: Uspensky  , Napisanova  , Andreyanov  , Zhdanova  , Malysheva
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the research was to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of compressor
trichinelloscopy in various production conditions, evaluate the laboratory equipment
used for this purpose, and determine the prospects for optimizing veterinary and
sanitary examination in trichinellosis. The compressor research method remains
the most currently used for post-mortem diagnosis of trichinellosis, since it does
not require special conditions for examination. In this regard, its use is especially
important for the conditions of operational field trichinelloscopy, being a means
of individual protection against this invasion. The most promising should be
considered its use by hunters, reserve workers, emergency services and specialized
units operating in hard-to-reach conditions and where hunting can be one of the
sources of food. This imposes special requirements on the technical characteristics
of devices for trichinelloscopy and the possibility of their use in offline mode
without the use of power supplies. The main directions for improving these devices,
taking into account the special requirements of their operation, are based on the
use of efficient optical systems, the design of the main elements of the devices and
ensuring the safety of devices in extreme conditions. An important condition for the
components is the compressorium. In the future, it is possible to develop it based on
the use of high-strength glass. The presented materials describe the methodology of
conducting of compressor trichinelloscopy, the equipment of basic use devices and
its effectiveness.
TRICHINELLOSIS OF WOLVES FROM THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA
Authors: Andreyanov  , Uspensky  , Zhdanova  , Postevoy  , Sidor
Published: May 2022

The research purpose was to identify the prevalence and intensity of Trichinella
infection in the Eurasian wolf. The work on the diagnosis of trichinellosis and on the
larvae isolation was performed in 2020–2022. Carcasses of wolves were brought from
the territories of hunting farms of various regions in the European part of Russia. Muscle sections were examined by the compression method to detect Trichinella larvae. The Gastros apparatus was used to isolate Trichinella larvae. Peptolysis of muscle tissue using artificial gastric juice was performed using ACROS pepsin (Belgium, USA).
Twelve animals were studied during the reporting period. The results of the in-house
studies showed significant invasion in this animal species. Trichinella larvae were found
in 58.3% of animals. The animals aged 1–3 years were the most infected by helminths.
The least infected animals were 3–5 years old. The average intensity of Trichinella
invasion was 29 larvae in one g of muscle tissue. These groups of animals were obtained by sport hunters in the Chuvash Republic and the Republic of Dagestan. The average rate of Trichinella infection in carnivores were in wolves up to one year old. The
prevalence of infection in this group was 60.0% with an average intensity of 32 larvae
in one g of muscles. Animals obtained on the hunting farms in the Tver and Ryazan
Regions and the Republic of Karelia were free from the infection.
THE EFFECT OF DITYLENCHIASIS INFESTATION OF SEED TUBERS ON POTATO PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Shesteperov  , Kolesova
Published: May 2022

In a field experiment to study the harmfulness of potato ditylenchiasis, 15 externally
healthy, 15 with weak signs of ditylenchiasis (from 1/10 to 1/5 of the surface
of potatoes affected by ditylenchiasis) and 15 with pronounced symptoms of
ditylenchiasis (from 1/3 to 1/2 of the surface of potatoes affected by ditylenchiasis)
of tubers of the Nadezhda variety were planted. When planting potato tubers severely
affected by ditylenchiasis, 40% of the tubers rotted due to their defeat by wet rot.
Another 40% of plants showed a slowdown in growth, a decrease in the size of leaves
and their chlorosis. After a month, the plants did not differ from those unaffected
by ditylenchiasis. In the remaining 20% of plants grown from poorly affected tubers,
potato bushes practically did not differ from unaffected plants. In the variant of the
experiment with seed tubers slightly affected by ditylenchiasis, the height of the
invaded plants on July 1, was on average 25% lower than that of the control plants (on
average 51.7 cm). On August 1, the height of plants infested with tuberous nematode
was 14 cm lower compared to control plants (on average 72.9 cm). The average
number of stems per invaded plant was also less – by 14%, compared with control
plants. The mass of tubers in plants grown from tubers affected by ditylenchiasis
(490 g) was 29.3% less than that of the control tubers (693 g). The average number of tubers in the control plants (6.7 tubers) was higher than in the invasive plants – by
22.4%. The number of non-standard tubers (38%) in the invaded plants was greater
than in plants grown from apparently healthy tubers (26.9%).
NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PARASITIC INFECTION PATHOLOGY OF DOMESTIC CARNIVORES IN ALEKSEYEVKA TOWN, BELGOROD REGION
Authors: Bespalova  , Denisova
Published: May 2022

Determination of a nosological profile of parasitic infection pathology of domestic
carnivores plays one of the key roles in developing an effective, comprehensive
and scientifically-based system for rehabilitation and prevention of, first of all,
invasive animal diseases that are dangerous to humans. The work was carried out on
retrospective and operational analysis of statistical data from veterinary reports of
the Veterinary Laboratory in Alekseyevka, the Belgorod Region. Based on the data
obtained, we prepared a nosological profile of the parasitic infection pathology of
domestic carnivores which is characteristic for this territory. The nosological profile
includes 9 nosological units, namely, 8 helminth species and one protozoan species
from the coccidia group. The following species have been registered in dogs: Toxocara
canis, Trichocephalus vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria
immitis. In quantitative terms, geohelminthiasis prevails. The prevalence of infection
in dogs reaches 50% with toxocariasis, more than 30% with trichocephaliasis,
10% with dipylidiasis and 17% with dirofilariasis. The following species have been
registered in cats: Toxocara mystax, Trichocephalus vulpis and Opisthorchis felines.
The prevalence of infection in cats with helminthiasis is lower than in dogs and is
30% with toxocariasis, 9.5% with opisthorchiasis, and 13% with dipylidiasis. From
the group of protozoan diseases, one nosological unit, Toxoplasma gondii, was
recorded in cats, and the prevalence of infection reaches 43%.
RESULTS OF SANITARY AND PARASITOLOGICAL STUDY OF SNOW IN THE URBANIZED ECOSYSTEM OF THE BELGOROD REGION
Authors: Bespalova  , Denisova
Published: May 2022

A study of 150 snow cover samples was conducted in Alekseyevka Town, Belgorod
Region. In the central park of the town, 13 of 15 samples found eggs of Dipylidium
caninum, Toxocara canis and Trichocephalus vulpis in single specimens, which
amounted to 86.6%. The same pathogens were found in 80% of snow samples on
the territory of the Veterinary Station and in the industrial zone. Of 15 samples
taken in the town center, 73.3% contained eggs of these helminths. Eggs of cestodes
Dipylidium caninum and nematodes Toxocara canis and Trichocephalus vulpis were
found in 9 of 15 snow samples taken on the territory of the central marketplace,
which amounted to 60%. The same level of parasitic contamination was found on
the territory of the bus station, in-house areas and the central square of the town
where there was a large number of stray dogs. Eggs of these helminths were found
in 50% of samples from town playgrounds, 30% from school yards and 20% from
kindergartens. In 40% of samples taken from private residence, single specimens
of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (3.3%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.6%), and
Diphyllobothrium latum eggs (1.0%) were found in addition to the above species. The
viability level of the detected helminth eggs did not exceed 3,0%.
HELMINTHOZOONOSIS IN THE POPULATION IN THE KEMEROVO REGION – KUZBASS
Authors: Bibik
Published: May 2022

Close ties between humans and agricultural, domestic, synanthropic animals
and animals living in their natural habitat, which are reservoirs of zoonotic
disease pathogens, represent a serious common problem for both veterinary and
medical doctors. An analysis of the annual reports prepared by the Department of
Rospotrebnadzor for the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass shows that annually high
rates of opisthorchiasis incidence are recorded in the region, which is explained by
the proximity of some municipalities to the territory of the world's largest Ob-Irtysh
focus of helminthiasis. In these territories, the incidence of opisthorchiasis can
exceed the average regional indicator by 8 or more times. The large number of dogs
and cats in settlements, as well as the high fertility of Toxocara, create the problem
of toxocariasis in the region, and amateur fishing and hunting provided by law using
prey for food contributes to the infection of the population with diphyllobothriasis
and trichinosis. The reasons for the high registration of helminthozoonosis in the
population of the region include: 1) a high number of domestic animals (dogs,
cats); 2) food traditions to eat half-cooked fish and meat of wild animals; 3) close
relationship of man with the natural environment.
EVALUATION OF THE INVASIVENESS OF OPISTHORCHID METACERCARIA OF FISH PURCHASED IN THE TRADING NETWORK OF THE CITY OF NOVOSIBIRSK AND IN SPONTANEOUS MARKETS
Authors: Bonina  , Efremova
Published: May 2022

The article presents data on infestation of opisthorchid metacercaria of fish of the
cyprinid family from official and unofficial retail outlets in the city of Novosibirsk. For
a comparative assessment of opisthorchid infestation of cyprinid fish, it was purchased
from two official outlets of the city, as well as in three spontaneous markets. Opisthorchid metacercaria were detected in fish muscles by the compressor method. The extensity (EI) and intensity of invasion (II) were determined. Ide and roach from official outlets turned out to be uninfected. The roach, purchased at unofficial points of sale
in two spontaneous markets in the city of Novosibirsk, is infested with metacercariae
Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis xantosomus. The average EI of O. felineus
metacercariae was 55.9%, and that of M. xantosomus was 91.2%. II metacercariae
O. felineus ranged from 1 to 10 specimens, M. xantosomus – from 2 to 151 specimens.
Studies of crucian carp purchased in the spontaneous market gave negative results.
Our earlier studies of infection of fish from reservoirs within the city of Novosibirsk
showed a fairly high extensiveness of invasion – 48.8% in total. The infection rates of
fish purchased at illegal trade markets (55.9%) and fish from Novosibirsk water bodies
are quite comparable, which indicates a high risk of infestation for the city's population
when it is consumed.
Peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam membangun Karakter Remaja
Authors: Alik Reza
Published: May 2022

Peristiwa yang sering terjadi di kalangan remaja cenderung pada kasus kriminal yang sangat tragis(perkelahian antara remaja dan perampokan) . Hal tersebut merupakan gambaran sehingga pendidikan karakter sangat diperlukan dikalangan remaja.. Sekolah merupakan tempatyang sangat efisien dalam pendidikan karakter seorang remaja, dimana siswa diajarkan untuk memiliki norma dalam kalangan bermasyarakat,sehingga dalam hal ini remaja dapat memiliki perilaku yang baik. pendidikan akhlak dan budi pekerti merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Sehingga remaja dapat mengetahui ajaran dalam pendidikan agama Kristen dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pembinaan kerohanian juga mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam pembentukan karakter dikalangan remaja.
Hospitalitas Kristen Dalam Menyambut Wisatawan Di Toraja
Authors: Tande Afriwati
Published: May 2022

Toraja adalah suku yang mempunyai keunikan, yang dimana suku Toraja mempunyai banyak keunikan dalam suatu adat dan kebudayaan. Daerah Toraja menawarkan berbagai objek wisata yang unik dan menawan baik yang berhubungan dengan panorama alamnya maupun adat-istiadat yang sangat unik seperti yang nampak dalam upacara rambu tuka’ dan rambu solo’. Hal ini yang membuat para wisatawan baik dalam maupun luar negeri tertarik untuk datang berkunjung ke Toraja. Oleh sebab itu agar para wisatawan senang untuk mengunjungi Toraja, maka sebagai orang Toraja haruslah menunjukan sikap hospitalitasnya atau sikap keramatamahannya. Orang Toraja harus mampu memperlihatkan, menerapkan sikap hospitalitas Kristen sama seperti yang Allah ajarkan yaitu mampu menerapkan kasih Allah kepada semua orang, khususnya seperti para wisatawan yang berkunjung ke daerah Toraja, sehingga para wisatawan juga dapat merasa aman dan nyaman dalam berwisata di daerah Toraja.