bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autologous Th2‐polarized lymphocytes induce atopic dermatitis lesions in non‐atopic human skin xenotransplants
Authors: Keren Aviad , Reich Kristian , Bertolini Marta , Moga Alain , Riethmüller Christoph , Ullmann Yehuda , Paus Ralf , Gilhar Amos
Published: January 2023

Background

The key signals that suffice to induce atopic dermatitis (AD) in human skin remain incompletely understood. Also, current mouse models reflect human AD only unsatisfactorily. Therefore, we have asked whether a humanized AD mouse model can be developed that reflects human AD more faithfully and permit to identify key signals that suffice to induce AD lesions in previously healthy human skin in vivo.

Methods

Healthy human skin from non‐atopic donors was transplanted onto SCID/beige mice. After xenotransplant reinnervation by mouse sensory nerve fibers had occurred, mixed autologous human Th2 CD4+ and Tc2 CD8+ T cells that had been pretreated in vitro with IL‐2, IL‐4, and LPS were injected intradermally into the xenotransplants without skin barrier disruption.

Results

Injected non‐atopic xenotransplants rapidly developed a morphological, functional, and immunological phenocopy of human AD lesions regarding skin barrier defects, immunopathology including intraepidermal eosinophils, mast cell activation, increase of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, eotaxin‐1 and type 2 cytokine circuits, and even showed characteristic neuroimmunological abnormalities such as ß2‐adrenergic receptor downregulation. The experimentally induced AD lesions in human skin responded to standard AD therapy (topical dexamethasone or tacrolimus; systemic anti‐IL‐4Rα antibody [dupilumab]), and relapsed when neurogenic skin inflammation was induced by exposing mice to perceived stress.

Conclusions

This new animal model uniquely mimics the complexity of human AD and its clinical response to standard therapy and psychoemotional stressors in vivo, and shows that Th2‐polarized lymphocytes associated with excessive IL‐4Rα‐mediated signaling suffice to induce human AD skin lesions, while atopy and epidermal barrier disruption are dispensable.
Electrocardiographic changes in acute myocardial infarction with acute occlusion of all triple coronary arteries
Authors: Jin Dongxia , Hu Yuecheng , Cong Hongliang
Published: January 2023

The 66‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with “acute myocardial infarction” due to acute triple vessel occlusion based on clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, and coronary angiography (CAG), but her ECG showed ST‐segment depression in leads aVR and aVL, in addition to ST‐segment elevation in a wide range of leads (V1–V9, V3R–V5R, II, III, and aVF). Thus, a perfect explanation with the existing theory is difficult, and only the case is presented here.
The effects of recruitment of renal functional reserve on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation in non‐anesthetized sheep
Authors: Jufar Alemayehu H. , Evans Roger G. , May Clive N. , Hood Sally G. , Betrie Ashenafi H. , Trask‐Marino Anton , Bellomo Rinaldo , Lankadeva Yugeesh R.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Recruitment of renal functional reserve (RFR) with amino acid loading increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. However, its effects on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation have not been determined. Accordingly, we tested the effects of recruitment of RFR on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation in non‐anesthetized sheep.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, we instrumented 10 sheep to enable subsequent continuous measurements of systemic and renal hemodynamics, renal oxygen delivery and consumption, and cortical and medullary tissue oxygen tension (PO2). We then measured the effects of recruitment of RFR with an intravenous infusion of 500 ml of a clinically used amino acid solution (10% Synthamin® 17) in the non‐anesthetized state.

Results

Compared with baseline, Synthamin® 17 infusion significantly increased renal oxygen delivery mean ± SD maximum increase: (from 0.79 ± 0.17 to 1.06 ± 0.16 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), renal oxygen consumption (from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.02 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (+45.2 ± 2.7%, p < 0.001). Renal cortical tissue PO2 increased by a maximum of 26.4 ± 1.1% (p = 0.001) and medullary tissue PO2 increased by a maximum of 23.9 ± 2.8% (p = 0. 001).

Conclusions

In non‐anesthetized healthy sheep, recruitment of RFR improved renal cortical and medullary oxygenation. These observations might have implications for the use of recruitment of RFR for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese primary and high school students: A cross‐sectional, epidemiological study
Authors: Yu Yanjie , Liu Jiaxiu , Skokauskas Norbert , Liu Feng , Zhang Li , Teng Teng , Zou Yaru , Lyu Qian , Liu Rong , Liu Xinyue , Meng Huaqing , Zhou Xinyu
Published: January 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese children and adolescents aged 8–18 years who attend primary or high school.

Methods

A total of 23 005 primary and high school students were recruited from February to December, 2019 for this cross‐sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions assessing suicidality, resilience, depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children), and anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of depression and anxiety.

Results

Overall, 13.06% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, 22.34% experienced anxiety symptoms, 26.34% experienced transient suicidal ideation, 2.23% had serious suicidal ideation, and 1.46% had a history of suicide attempts. Anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.935; 95% confidence interval [CI][4.442–5.485]), suicidality (OR, 2.671; 95% CI[2.203–3.237]), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.920; 95% CI[1.348–2.736]), sleep duration (OR, 0.470; 95% CI[0.398–0.556]) and self‐expectations (OR, 1.924; 95% CI[1.550–2.389]) were associated with depression (all p < .05). Depression (OR, 4.424; 95% CI[3.983–4.914]), female sex (OR, 1.903; 95% CI[1.759–2.060]), school‐based traumatic experience(s) (OR, 1.905; 95% CI[1.747–2.077]), relationships with teachers (OR, 1.575; 95% CI[1.103–2.249]), and suicidality (OR, 1.467; 95% CI[1.218–1.766]) were associated with anxiety symptoms (all p < .05).

Discussion

Depression and anxiety are common among school‐age children and adolescents in China. Childhood school‐ and family‐based traumatic experience(s), female sex, and lifestyle factors (eating breakfast, sleep duration, exercising, and Internet use) are significantly associated with mental health among children and adolescents. Developing interventions targeting these factors to protect students from depression and anxiety are needed.
Technology Matters: Digital micro interventions to support parenting: Evaluating time out apps
Authors: Abdelhameed Farah , Hodson Nathan , Woods Peter
Published: January 2023

Digital interventions to support parenting skills are popular but engagement can be low. Digital micro interventions such as apps targeting specific aspects of parenting are a novel development with the potential to overcome this challenge. Time out is an evidence‐based component of many parenting skills training programmes and is an appropriate target for digital micro intervention. We describe the eight requirements of high‐quality time out according to the literature and how these can be supported by an app. Searches of the App Store, Google Play, and Alexa Skills in the UK identified six apps designed to support time out. Current time out apps all promoted consistency, but they all risked low‐quality time out through inappropriate initiation, duration, and termination. Professionals in child and adolescent mental health should explore the details of any digital micro interventions being used by parents for time out and provide appropriate counselling. We recommend that all future digital micro interventions in this area should incorporate evidence‐based guidance.
The reflection of desire for revenge and revenge fantasies in drawings and narratives of sexually abused children
Authors: Lev‐Wiesel Rachel , Leibovich Inbal , Doron Hadas , Maman Tslil , Cohen Batya , Moskowitz Nehemia , Saady Ibtisam , Klein Limor , Binson Bussakorn
Published: January 2023

Whereas the desire for revenge for an unjust deed is considered natural, its use within the therapeutic setting is scarce, specifically in sexually victimized children. The study aimed to find how experiencing sexual molestation during childhood and the revenge fantasy is reflected in drawings and narratives of sexually victimized children. Following ethical approval and signing a consent form, 14 children who experienced sexual abuse and were psychologically treated (ages 11–18) were recruited. They were asked to draw two drawings: “draw an unjust event that had happened to you” and “draw what you would have liked to happen to the person that unjustly treated you.” At completion, participants were asked to give a narrative to each drawing. Phenomenological analysis of the drawings and narratives indicated that most participants refrained from using more than two colours, did not draw the perpetrator and drew schematic figures. The main themes that emerged in the drawings and the narratives were feeling of loneliness, aloneness, and the desire for role reversal.
Molecular basis of carotid body tumor and associated clinical features in Japan identified by genomic, immunohistochemical, and clinical analyses
Authors: Yoshihama Keisuke , Mutai Hideki , Sekimizu Mariko , Ito Fumihiro , Saito Shin , Nakamura Shintaro , Mikoshiba Takuya , Nagai Ryoto , Takebayashi Akiko , Miya Fuyuki , Kosaki Kenjiro , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Tatsuo
Published: January 2023

Carotid body tumor (CBT) is classified as a paraganglioma (PGL). Here, we report the genetic background, protein expression pattern, and clinical findings of 30 Japanese CBT cases. Germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants of genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHs) were detected in 15 of 30 cases (50%). The SDHB variants were the most frequently detected, followed by SDHA and SDHD variants. One case with SDHAF2 variant was bilateral CBT, and other two multiple PGL cases were not detected P/LP variants. The three cases with germline variants that could be tested did not have somatic P/LP variants of the same genes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed negative SDHB signals in CBT tissues in five cases with germline P/LP variants of SDHB, SDHD, or SDHA. In addition, SDHB signals in CBT tissues were negative in four of nine cases without germline P/LP variants of SDHs. These findings suggest the involvement of unidentified molecular mechanisms affecting SDHs.
Women's political agency in difficult settings: Analysis of evidence from Egypt, Nigeria, Mozambique, and Pakistan
Authors: Nazneen Sohela
Published: January 2023

Motivation

Male gatekeeping and biased social norms in difficult settings characterized by fragility, authoritarianism, and conflict create challenges for women's political participation. This article explores the nature of challenges experienced by women and how they exercise political agency in such settings—as voters, claimants, and brokers of services, and as activists.

Purpose

I investigate the range of expressions of women's political agency and responses they secure from public authorities in difficult settings. I ask the question: how and to what effect do women exercise political agency in difficult settings? Analysis of the range of expressions of political agency allows a broader view of women's engagement in politics.

Methods and approach

The article develops a framework to identify the range of expressions of women's individual and collective agency from Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) studies conducted in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan. This synthesis explores social norms and male gatekeeping; strategies women use to navigate these and limit backlash; and the changes that result from women taking action.

Findings

Evidence shows that social norms and male gatekeeping limit women's engagement in politics and their relations with multiple public authorities that operate in difficult settings. Women use gender‐specific repertoires to organize protests and make claims on authorities and specific strategies to reduce the risk of backlash from their own communities and security agencies. The findings show that, while there is some success in claim‐making on specific issues and that at a personal level women feel more empowered, these do not necessarily lead to systemic change.

Policy implications

Donors and local authorities need to develop interventions that tackle male gatekeeping within political parties and communities to facilitate women's political engagement. Flexibility in funding will enable donors to work directly or indirectly with grassroots and national women's rights groups in difficult settings for developing contextualized, bottom‐up interventions. Strengthening pro‐gender‐equality alliances and spaces for deliberation will help to ensure that gender equality is not co‐opted by authoritarian leaders and populist groups and will sustain counter‐narratives.
The “airgap” and “swirling bubbles” signs in a patient with esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Pinto Tiago Castro , Martins Tiago , Seabra Daniel , Moreno Nuno
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Pneumopericardium is a dreaded complication in esophageal carcinoma.

Case description

We report a case of a 62 year old patient with past history of esophageal cancer with pneumopericardium, without hemodynamic compromise. Admission echocardiogram that revealed a pneumopericadium with the presence of the “swirling bubbles” and the “air gap” sign. A small esophagopericardial fistula was postulated as the cause of the pneumopericardium. He underwent esophageal stent placement with almost complete resolution of the pneumopericardium.

Discussion

Pneumopericardium is usually a sign of marked clinical deterioration in neoplasia and leads to patients’ death few weeks. Here we presented a case, in which a more fortunate and unusual outcome happened.

Case description

We present a case of a 62 year old patient, with a past history of esophageal cancer with pulmonary metastases undergoing palliative chemotherapy treatment and with two palliative esophageal stents. Other past medical history included active hepatitis B, arterial hypertension and dyslipidaemia. He was an ex smoker of 80 pack‐year units.
Giant left ventricular inferior wall aneurysm as a late complication after myocardial infarction: A case report
Authors: Hrycek Eugeniusz , Walawska‐Hrycek Anna , Szymański Radosław , Stoliński Jarosław , Nowakowski Przemysław , Żurakowski Aleksander
Published: January 2023

A case of a 64‐year‐old patient who was referred to interventional cardiology unit in order to qualify her to mitral valve repair is presented. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a giant inferior wall basal aneurysm of the left ventricle (44 mm × 31 mm, 57 ml) and coronary angiography revealed chronic total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery. The patient refused surgical treatment and was treated with pharmacotherapy alone. At 1 year follow‐up, clear progression of the disease was observed. Based on this case study, we would cautiously suggest that in similar cases of large inferobasal wall aneurysms causing severe MR, OMT may be insufficient to prevent disease progression, and that early surgical intervention may be preferred.
Racial disparities in unemployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic and recovery: The “stubborn,” the “hiccup,” and the “stall”
Authors: Couch Kenneth A. , Fairlie Robert W. , Xu Huanan
Published: January 2023

We examine differential impacts of COVID‐19 on minority unemployment in the U.S. beyond the initial recession. The Black‐White unemployment gap did not immediately rise as much as for other groups, but subsequently increased and was stubbornly higher through 2021 Q3. The Latinx‐White gap generally decreased after peaking in May 2020 to pre‐pandemic levels by 2021 Q4, but experienced a unique “hiccup” in early 2021. The Asian‐White gap peaked later (in June 2020) and was high in Q3 of 2020 (the “stall”), and remained positive through 2021 Q4. Decomposition methods are used to examine factors that contribute to these patterns.
What it is to see: Artificial vision as constitutive interaction
Authors: Erickson‐Davis Cordelia
Published: January 2023

Visual prosthesis (VP) devices—devices that electrically stimulate the visual system with the goal of restoring vision to individuals who have lost it—are the literal construal of the orthodox theory of vision that holds that perception is an “indirect” process. In this theory, vision is an image‐ and sensation‐based reconstructive process of representation: a type of information processing that is medium‐independent. In this article, I draw on four years of ethnographic research with both designers and users of VP devices to demonstrate that there are large discrepancies between expectations for these devices and actual recipient experiences. I argue that the failure of the devices stems in part from the problematic theory of vision that informed their design and implementation. I introduce an alternative theory of vision based on the work of empirical psychologist James J. Gibson that sees perception as the “direct” product of a constitutive interaction between a perceiver and environment in a perceiver‐environment system. I show how a theory of perception as constitutive interaction (PCI) is more congruous with recipient reports and enables us to see that “artificial vision,” or the perceptual experience associated with the VP, is a unique perceptual phenomenon.
A tyrosine‐based YXXΦ motif regulates the degradation of aquaporin‐4 via both lysosomal and proteasomal pathways and is functionally inhibited by a 10‐amino‐acid sequence within its C‐terminus
Authors: Wang Yingqi , Suzuki Ryosuke , Fujii Atsushi , Ieki Kenji , Goda Wakami , Yasui Masato , Abe Yoichiro
Published: January 2023

Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is a dominant water channel in the brain and is expressed on astrocytic end‐feet, mediating water homeostasis in the brain. AQP4 is a target of an inflammatory autoimmune disease, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), that causes demyelination. An autoantibody recognizing the extracellular domains of AQP4, called NMO‐IgG, is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in astrocytes are the primary causes of the disease, preceding demyelination and neuronal damage. Additionally, some cytotoxic effects of binding of NMO‐IgG to AQP4, independent of CDC/ADCC, have been proposed. Antibody‐induced endocytosis of AQP4 is thought to be involved in CDC/ADCC‐independent cytotoxicity induced by the binding of NMO‐IgG to AQP4. To clarify the mechanism responsible for antibody‐induced endocytosis of AQP4, we investigated the subcellular localization and trafficking of AQP4, focusing on its C‐terminal domain, by making a variety of deletion and substitution mutants of mouse AQP4. We found that a tyrosine‐based YXXΦ motif in the C‐terminal domain of AQP4 plays a critical role in the steady‐state subcellular localization/turnover and antibody‐induced endocytosis/lysosomal degradation of AQP4. Our results indicate that the YXXΦ motif has to escape the inhibitory effect of the C‐terminal 10‐amino‐acid sequence and be located at an appropriate distance from the plasma membrane to act as a signal for lysosomal degradation of AQP4. In addition to lysosomal degradation, we demonstrated that the YXXΦ motif also functions as a signal to degrade AQP4 using proteasomes under specific conditions.
3D printing of alumina ceramic heat sink with mini‐channels for thermal management
Authors: Dang Mengting , Hu Song , Zhou Guohong , Yue Xuezheng , Wang Shiwei
Published: January 2023

Thermal management has become one of the most challenging issues for high‐power, integrated, and miniaturized electronic devices. In this paper, an alumina ceramic heat sink with mini‐channels was fabricated using a digital light processing 3D printing technology. Microstructures of the ceramic were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A proper flow rate of water in the mini‐channels was figured out for efficient cooling by infrared thermal imaging and micro‐thermocouple characterizations. The ceramic heat sink was further integrated with a high‐power laser diode module; cooling performance was evaluated by investigating the thermal resistance of the ceramic heat sink and the optoelectronic property of the laser diode module. Results indicated that the laser diode module could be operated at high driving power of 115.6 W. This study provided a new strategy for a highly efficient thermal management of electronic devices and highlighted the technical potential of ceramic heat sink with more compact coolant channels.
How do investors perceive audit report lag? Evidence from the cost of equity
Authors: Kalelkar Rachana , Xu Qiao
Published: January 2023

We investigate how investors perceive audit report lag. We argue that the cost of equity will be lower (higher) if a long audit report lag links positively to confidence (scepticism) among investors about the credibility of reported earnings. We find that the audit report lag is positively associated with the cost of equity. In the additional analyses, we report that the audit committee's effective monitoring, Big N auditors and industry‐expert auditors moderate the positive association between audit report lag and the cost of equity. Lastly, the short window return‐earnings association test suggests that investors perceive that long audit report lag reflects less credible financial reporting quality. In summary, our findings provide implications to the client firms, the practitioners and the regulators by showing that the firm's cost of raising equity capital is positively associated with the audit report lag.
Syphilis: recommendations for dermatologists on a resurgent epidemic
Authors: Ji‐Xu Antonio , Leslie Kieron S.
Published: January 2023

Despite reaching historical lows in the early 2000s, cases of both primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis have increased dramatically in the U.S. over the last decade. In the U.S., the current syphilis epidemic is disproportionately impacting communities that have been historically underserved in medicine. These include men who have sex with men, especially those infected with HIV; people of color; and reproductive‐age women with poor access to prenatal care. With syphilis now being more commonly diagnosed in non‐STI than STI clinics in all genders, and since primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis present with characteristic mucocutaneous manifestations, dermatologists are in a position to help reduce the advance of this preventable epidemic, by actively considering this diagnosis and incorporating syphilis screening into their practice. Herein, we delineate strategies by which dermatologists can contribute to this critical effort in their roles as clinicians, public health advocates, and researchers. In particular, we discuss the rapidly changing demographics of syphilis, nuances in serologic testing and treatment, strategies to increase public healthcare access and equity in these underserved populations, and research gaps in this field.
Making sense of reablement within different institutional contexts. Collaborative service ideals in Norwegian and Danish home care
Authors: Graff Lea , Vabø Mia
Published: January 2023

With population ageing, many countries are setting up reablement—short‐term rehabilitative eldercare interventions—aimed at helping older adults to regain independence and thereby curb their need for long‐term care. Reablement is premised on a citizen‐centred and collaborative service ideal intended to challenge the fragmented thinking associated with professionalism and a dispersed service delivery field. Drawing on contextualist sensemaking theory and cross‐national qualitative case study data, we explore how historical and institutional conditions influence the way reablement is made sense of on the ground. In Danish settings, characterised by legal regulations and institutional arrangements rooted in previous New Public Management reforms, new service ideals were constrained by vertical levers of control. The Norwegian bureau–professional settings opened up for user involvement but also gave rise to tensions between reablement teams working to prevent ill health and agencies expected to respond to the urgent needs of the frailest elderly.
Early dose of Adenosine, postRadiofrequency abLation of accessory pathwaY in determining acute procedural success (EARLY study)
Authors: Manickavasagam Anand , Guttikonda Siva Nageswara Rao , Bootla Dinakar , Patloori Sirish Chandra Srinath , Jain Ashish , Chase David , Selvaraj Raja , Jacob John R.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Post ablation of the accessory pathway (AP), the patient is observed in the catheterization laboratory for a variable period for resumption of pathway conduction. Aim of the study was to determine whether the administration of intravenous adenosine at 10 min after ablation of AP would have the same diagnostic accuracy as waiting for 30 min in predicting the resumption of AP conduction.

Methods

This was a prospective interventional study conducted in two centers. Post ablation of the AP, intravenous adenosine was administered at 10 min to look for dormant pathway conduction. The response was recorded as positive (presence of pathway conduction), negative (absence), or indeterminate (not able to demonstrate AV and VA block and inability to ascertain AP conduction).

Results

The study included 110 procedures performed in 109 patients. Adenosine administration at 10 min showed positive result in 3 cases (2.7%), negative result in 99 cases (90%) and indeterminate result in 8 cases (7.3%). Reconnection of accessory pathway at 30 min postablation was seen in 8 cases (7.3%). Of these 8 cases, 10 min adenosine administration showed positive test in 3 patients and negative test in 5 patients. Adenosine test at 10 min has a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 37.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.9% in identifying the recurrence of accessory pathway conduction at 30 min, respectively.

Conclusion

Absence of pathway conduction on administration of adenosine 10 min postablation does not help predict the absence of resumption of conduction thereafter.
Multicenter experience with andexanet alfa for refractory pericardial bleeding during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zghaib Tarek , Allison John D. , Barrett Christopher , Arkles Jeffrey , D'Souza Benjamin , Luebbert Jeffrey , Garcia Fermin , Heist E. Kevin , Tzou Wendy , Callans David , Marchlinski Francis E. , Frankel David S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Pericardial bleeding is a rare but life‐threatening complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Patients taking uninterrupted oral anticoagulation (AC) may be at increased risk for refractory bleeding despite pericardiocentesis and administration of protamine. In such cases, andexanet alfa can be given to reverse rivaroxaban or apixaban. In this study, we aim to describe the rate of acute hemostasis and thromboembolic complications with andexanet for refractory pericardial bleeding during AF ablation.

Methods and Results

In this multicenter, case series, participating centers identified patients who received a dose of apixaban or rivaroxaban within 24 h of AF ablation, developed refractory pericardial bleeding during the procedure despite pericardiocentesis and administration of protamine and received andexanet. Eleven patients met inclusion criteria, with mean age of 73.5 ± 5.3 years and median CHA2DS2‐VASc score 4 [3–5]. All patients received protamine and pericardiocentesis, and 9 (82%) received blood products. All patients received a bolus of andexanet followed, in all but one, by a 2‐h infusion. Acute hemostasis was achieved in eight patients (73%) while three required emergent surgery. One patient (9%) experienced acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction after receiving andexanet. Therapeutic AC was restarted after a mean of 2.2 ± 1.9 days and oral AC was restarted after a mean of 2.9 ± 1.6 days, with no recurrent bleeding.

Conclusion

In patients on uninterrupted apixaban or rivaroxaban, who develop refractory pericardial bleeding during AF ablation, andexanet can achieve hemostasis thereby avoiding the need for emergent surgery. However, there is a risk of thromboembolism following administration.
JD‐Next: A valid and reliable tool to predict diverse students' success in law school
Authors: Findley Jessica , Cimetta Adriana , Burross Heidi Legg , Cheng Katherine C. , Charles Matt , Balser Cayley , Li Ran , Robertson Christopher
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Admissions tests have increasingly come under attack by those seeking to broaden access and reduce disparities in higher education. Meanwhile, in other sectors there is a movement towards “work‐sample” or “proximal” testing. Especially for underrepresented students, the goal is to measure not just the accumulated knowledge and skills that they would bringtoa new academic program, but also their ability to grow and learnthroughthe program. The JD‐Next is a fully online, noncredit, 7‐ to 10‐week course to train potential JD students in case reading and analysis skills, prior to their first year of law school. This study tests the validity and reliability of the JD‐Next exam as a potential admissions tool for juris doctor programs of education. (In a companion article, we report on the efficacy of the course for preparing students for law school.) In 2019, we recruited a national sample of potential JD students, enriched for racial/ethnic diversity, along with a sample of volunteers at one university (N = 62). In 2020, we partnered with 17 law schools around the country to recruit a cohort of their incoming law students (N = 238). At the end of the course, students were incentivized to take and perform well on an exam that we graded with a standardized methodology. We collected first‐semester grades as an outcome variable, and compared JD‐Next exam properties to legacy exams now used by law schools (the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), including converted GRE scores). We found that the JD‐Next exam was a valid and reliable predictor of law school performance, comparable to legacy exams. For schools ranked outside the Top 50, we found that the legacy exams lacked significant incremental validity in our sample, but the JD‐Next exam provided a significant advantage. We also replicated known, substantial racial and ethnic disparities on the legacy exam scores, but estimate smaller, nonsignificant score disparities on the JD‐Next exam. Together this research suggests that, as an admissions tool, the JD‐Next exam may reduce the risk that capable students will be excluded from legal education and the legal profession.
A first glimpse of larval ecology of halibut species in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Authors: Ghinter Léopold , Anderson Christophe , Robert Dominique , Winkler Gesche , Bernatchez Louis , Audet Céline
Published: January 2023

Knowledge of the larval ecology of winter‐spawning fish from the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, remains scarce due to the seasonal ice cover that prevents ichthyoplankton sampling using conventional methods. Two winter‐spawning species, Atlantic halibut (AH, Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and Greenland halibut (GH, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), support the most important groundfish fisheries of this area. In March 2020, the authors captured 10 halibut larvae ranging in size from 5 to 14 mm during an opportunistic survey in the GSL onboard an icebreaking vessel. Of these, eight were AH and two GH. Judging by their very small size, the larvae were only a few days old, suggesting that the spawning grounds are close to the capture sites. This effort constitutes a first step in validating the putative spawning areas for these two important GSL stocks. This knowledge is important for the conservation and sustainable management of these fisheries.
The safflower MBW complex regulates HYSA accumulation through degradation by the E3 ligase CtBB1
Authors: Hong Yingqi , Lv Yanxi , Zhang Jianyi , Ahmad Naveed , Li Xiaokun , Yao Na , Liu Xiuming , Li Haiyan
Published: January 2023

The regulatory mechanism of the MBW (MYB‐bHLH‐WD40) complex in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) remains unclear. In the present study, we show that the separate overexpression of the genes CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, and CtWD40‐6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased anthocyanin and procyanidin contents in the transgenic plants and partially rescued the trichome reduction phenotype of the corresponding bhlh41, myb63, and wd40‐6 single mutants. Overexpression of CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, or CtWD40‐6 in safflower significantly increased the content of the natural pigment hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) and negatively regulated safflower petal size. Yeast‐two‐hybrid, functional, and genetic assays demonstrated that the safflower E3 ligase CtBB1 (BIG BROTHER 1) can ubiquitinate CtbHLH41, marking it for degradation through the 26S proteasome and negatively regulating flavonoid accumulation. CtMYB63/CtWD40‐6 enhanced the transcriptional activity of CtbHLH41 on the CtDFR (dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase) promoter. We propose that the MBW‐CtBB1 regulatory module may play an important role in coordinating HYSA accumulation with other response mechanisms.
Finding family resilience in adversity: A grounded theory of families with children diagnosed with leukaemia
Authors: Huang Yingying , Chen Meijia , Zhang Yao , Chen Xuewei , Zhang Liping , Dong Chaoqun
Published: January 2023

Aims and Objectives

To develop a conceptual framework that explores the process of building family resilience among Chinese families with children diagnosed with leukaemia.

Background

The diagnosis of childhood leukaemia has a devastating effect on the family. Nonetheless, some families were able to positively respond to the crisis. The process through which Chinese families bounce back has received little attention.

Design

Grounded theory.

Methods

This study used purposive and theoretical sampling to select 16 parents who agreed to participate in semistructured interviews after children were diagnosed with leukaemia. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Data were analysed through a process of open, axial and selective coding. The COREQ checklist was followed for reporting.

Results

A core category of ‘finding family resilience in adversity’ was generated. The core category was underpinned by a transition process between two fluid stages: (a) Disrupting the family system, informed by subcategories of negative emotional disturbances and challenges of the diagnosis and treatment journey; (b) Cultivating resilience in families, informed by subcategories of increasing positive attitudes; establishing new family routines; activating good support systems; and practising open family communication.

Conclusions

The transition process from the disruption of the family system to the cultivation of family resilience is perceived as a complex family dynamic in response to childhood leukaemia. Our findings can form the basis for further research about resilience‐based family interventions that promote family well‐being during the early stages of a childhood leukaemia diagnosis.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is necessary for healthcare professionals to provide essential support for families to face the challenges of diagnosis and treatment to facilitate the successful transition to family resilience. By understanding the dynamic process of developing family resilience, healthcare professionals are able to focus on these families to provide holistic care that satisfies the specific demands of family members.
Transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse without blind maneuver
Authors: Okamura Kikuo , Hirabayashi Tsuyoki , Suzuki Tomohide , Koike Mayumi , Matsuura Fumihiko , Suzuki Akitaka , Yoshino Yasushi
Published: January 2023

Aim

To present the techniques of transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse without the blind maneuver and elucidate its safety and efficacy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 45 women with a mean age of 77.9 years old. We investigated surgical outcomes including complications, anatomical recurrence rates, and changes in both subjective symptoms and quality of life.

Results

The surgery required 111 ± 18 min and blood loss was 40 ± 24 g. Minor injuries of the bladder and rectum occurred in two and one patient, respectively. The urethral catheter was removed on postoperative day 1.1 and patients were discharged on postoperative day 4.4. No one experienced voiding dysfunction requiring catheterization. Wound infections occurred in two patients but they subsided with only antibiotics administered. Five patients had anatomical recurrence during a median follow‐up of 17 months. Of these, two underwent reoperation and the remaining three were solely followed‐up because there were no or few associated problems. Chronic pain, mesh erosion, and exposure were absent in all cases. Subjective symptoms and quality of life significantly improved after surgery at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

It is considered that transvaginal mesh surgery without the blind maneuver is a safe and effective way to treat women with pelvic organ prolapse.
Occlusal function and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in skeletal Class III patients with different patterns of mandibular asymmetry
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jane , Yao Chung‐Chen , Chang Zwei‐Chieng , Lai Hsiang‐Hua , Hsu Li‐Fang , Hsu Tzu‐Hang , Kok Sang‐Heng
Published: January 2023

Background

Although jaw asymmetry is commonly seen in skeletal Class III patients, its correlation with occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity has not been fully elucidated.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity in skeletal Class III patients with various patterns of mandibular asymmetry.

Methods

Forty‐two patients and 10 normal participants were examined. The patients were categorised into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited menton and ramus deviation to the same side. Menton deviation was larger than ramus deviation in Group 1, whereas Group 2 showed the inverse relation. Group 3 patients showed menton and ramus deviation in opposite directions. Occlusal contact area (OCA), relative bite force (RBF), and temporalis anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) activity at maximum clenching were measured using T‐Scan Novus system and Bio‐EMG‐III. Statistical analysis was performed using the t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Spearman correlation (α = .05).

Results

Compared with normal participants, the patients had smaller OCA and greater asymmetry in the distribution of masticatory muscle activity. Greater ramus deviation was associated with smaller OCA in Group 1 but with larger OCA in Group 3. In Group 1, greater menton deviation was related to stronger TA activity on the non‐deviation side. In Group 2, greater ramus deviation was related to stronger MM activity on the deviation side.

Conclusion

Deviation of the menton and ramus was individually related to OCA and masticatory muscle activity, and this relationship varied according to the pattern of mandibular asymmetry.
Effects of partial replacement of unwashed Antarctic krill surimi by Litopenaeus vannamei surimi on the heat‐induced gelling and three‐dimensional‐printing properties
Authors: Shang Shan , Liu Ying , Jiang Pengfei , Wang Yueyue , Fu Baoshang , Qi Libo
Published: January 2023

There is an emerging consumption of the Antarctic krill (AK) muscle‐based food due to its excellent nutritional value and enormous biomass storage capacity. However, the coarse texture of the muscle and the weak gelling properties of AK protein impede its expansion in surimi‐based products. This investigation successfully prepared heat‐induced gels of AK surimi with desirable textural properties by including Litopenaeus vannamei in varying proportions. Higher concentrations of L. vannamei resulted in improved three‐dimensional printability, greater water‐holding capacity (WHC), larger viscoelastic modulus, and a well‐formed microstructural matrix of AK surimi, due to an increased level of myofibrillar protein. Compared with AK, L. vannamei muscle had double the salt‐soluble protein content, which was corroborated by increased intensity of bands of actin, paramyosin, tropomyosin, and myosin light chains on reducing SDS‐PAGE. DSC results indicated that a high ratio of L. vannamei elevated the denaturation temperature and enthalpy of myosin, sarcoplasmic protein, and actin, suggesting a high degree of cross‐linking. It was also found that when hydroxypropyl cassava starch was added at 0.5% (w/w), WHC and gel strength were further improved with a more compact gel matrix. The successful preparation of unwashed mixed surimi with AK meat fully exploited in this study provides an option for AK surimi‐based product industrialization.
Worker household debt, functional income distribution and growth: A neo‐Kaleckian perspective
Authors: Parui Pintu
Published: January 2023

In a stock‐flow consistent neo‐Kaleckian macro‐model, along with worker households' debt dynamics, we incorporate distributional dynamics and examine the dynamic stability of the economy in the long‐run. Both wage‐led and profit‐led but a debt‐burdened demand and growth regimes are possible in the short‐run and the long‐run. We show that the interaction between the debt and distributional dynamics may lead to instability in the economy. We find that a rise in the targeted profit share of firms or an increase in the bargaining power of firms vis‐à‐vis workers may cause a deterioration in functional income distribution. We show that a fall in animal spirits leads to a decline in functional income distribution vis‐à‐vis workers and may also lead to a fall in capital accumulation rate in the long‐run.
Morphological and molecular characterization of puparia of Piophilidae species of forensic relevance
Authors: Giordani Giorgia , Tuccia Fabiola , Martín‐Vega Daniel , Angell Chris S. , Pradelli Jennifer , Vanin Stefano
Published: January 2023

Piophilidae are a small family of Diptera with a worldwide distribution and which are historically associated with human activities. In addition to their economic importance, piophilid larvae can also be of medical and legal relevance. Within a medicolegal context, piophilids are frequently associated with cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition, thus being potentially useful forensic indicators and they have been reported also from archaeo‐funerary contexts. An accurate species identification is therefore an essential prerequisite to ensure the reliable analysis of insect material in medical, forensic and archaeological investigations. Identification of the adult piophilid flies is possible because of the availability of identification keys, in contrast immature insects, especially puparia, have been poorly investigated and described. In this paper, puparia of 11 species of forensic interest (Piophila casei, Piophila megastigmata, Parapiophila atrifrons, Parapiophila flavipes, Parapiophila vulgaris, Protopiophila litigata, Liopiophila varipes, Prochyliza nigrimana, Prochyliza xanthosoma and Stearibia nigriceps in subtribe Piophilina and Centrophlebomyia furcata in subtribe Thyreophorina) are described and a molecular analysis, based on the COI sequencing, is presented to show the potential of the molecular approach in their identification.
Molecular characterization of anopheline mosquitoes from the goat malaria‐endemic areas of Thailand
Authors: Nguyen Anh Hoang Lan , Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna , Nguyen Trang Thuy , Aung Aung , Narapakdeesakul Duriyang , Kaewlamun Winai , Asada Masahito , Kaewthamasorn Morakot
Published: January 2023

Despite the fact that over a 100 anopheline mosquito species have been identified as human malaria vectors, little is known about ungulate malaria vectors. Consequently, we focused on investigating the bionomics and genetic characterizations of anopheline mosquitoes in goat malaria‐endemic regions. We also attempted to screen for ungulate malaria potential vectors. A total of 1019 female anopheline mosquitoes were collected from six goat farms in four provinces of Thailand from 2020 to 2021. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified and subsequently confirmed using the mitochondrial DNA barcoding region‐cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (MtDNA‐COI), mitochondrial DNA‐cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MtDNA‐COII), and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (rDNA‐ITS2) sequences. The current study reveals the genetic characteristics and distribution of nine mosquito species within the Anopheles and Cellia subgenera. Four dominant species, including Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles aconitus exhibited significant intraspecific gene flow within their corresponding species. Although malaria parasites were not found in 126 mosquito pools, meaning more investigation is necessary, the current study adds to the existing DNA barcoding data collection and improves the current understanding of the genetic structure and distribution of anopheline mosquito species, which could be useful for effective control of mosquito‐borne diseases.
Evolutionary dynamics of sex‐biased gene expression in a young XY system: insights from the brown alga genus Fucus
Authors: Hatchett William J. , Jueterbock Alexander O. , Kopp Martina , Coyer James A. , Coelho Susana M. , Hoarau Galice , Lipinska Agnieszka P.
Published: January 2023

Sex‐biased gene expression is considered to be an underlying cause of sexually dimorphic traits. Although the nature and degree of sex‐biased expression have been well documented in several animal and plant systems, far less is known about the evolution of sex‐biased genes in more distant eukaryotic groups.

Here, we investigate sex‐biased gene expression in two brown algal dioecious species, Fucus serratus and Fucus vesiculosus, where male heterogamety (XX/XY) has recently emerged.

We find that in contrast to evolutionary distant plant and animal lineages, male‐biased genes do not experience high turnover rates, but instead reveal remarkable conservation of bias and expression levels between the two species, suggesting their importance in sexual differentiation. Genes with consistent male bias were enriched in functions related to gamete production, along with sperm competition and include three flagellar proteins under positive selection.

We present one of the first reports, outside of the animal kingdom, showing that male‐biased genes display accelerated rates of coding sequence evolution compared with female‐biased or unbiased genes. Our results imply that evolutionary forces affect male and female sex‐biased genes differently on structural and regulatory levels, resulting in unique properties of differentially expressed transcripts during reproductive development in Fucus algae.