bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN KONSELING GIZI DI RUMAH SAKIT HOLISTIC PURWAKARTA
Authors: Astuti Ipah Sri , Yani Ahmad , Lisnawati Naintina
Published: February 2021

Background: So far nutrient service in Purwakarta Holistic Hospital never did evaluation about nutrient counseling service seen from medical patient satisfaction aspect. This evaluation process is very important because it is connected with aspects that to be the main priority in nutrient counseling service including counselor attitude, matter, media, method, time, and place of the counseling.
Objective : To find out the factors which connected with hospitalization patients satisfaction toward nutrient counseling implementation in Purwakarta Holistic Purwakarta.
Method : This research used obsevational with approach that used cross sectional. Number of research samples are about 32 people. Data which obtained are about nutrient counseling element, among counselor attitude, matter, media, method, time, and the place of the counseling. Data are obtained by questionnaires. Data analysis is Fisher Exact Test.
Result : This research obtained that respondent assessment toward counselor attitude is 68,8% satisfied, counseling matter is 87,5% satisfied, media is 50% satisfied, counseling method is 46,9% satisfied, time of counceling is 96,9% satisfied,and place of counseling is 100% satisfied. Factors that related patient satisfaction toward nutrient counseling is counselor attitude (p=0,062), counseling matter (p=0,031), counseling media (p=0,469), counseling method (p =0,406),time of counseling (p=0,031), place of counseling (p=1,000).
Conclusion: Factors that related patient satisfaction toward nutrient counseling are materials of counseling and time of counseling.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECEPATAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Haryanto Irwan , Lisnawati Naintina
Published: February 2021

Background: Physical fitness levels of students can maximize their mind and energy for school activities. Running speed is part of physical fitness. Nutrition is one of the biological factors that influence in supporting fitness .. Adequacy of nutrients, especially macro nutrients as a source of energy and micro nutrients is closely related to the pattern of consumption. To maintain nutritional adequacy, nutritional structuring needs to be done, including the improvement of nutritional status, maintenance of nutritional status, nutrition matching and recovery of nutritional status.
Objective: Analyzing factors related to the speed of running students of class VII junior high school.
Method: The type of this research is cross sectional research with purposive sampling technique. The number of samples is 42 students of class VII junior high school 5 Purwakarta. Data analysis was performed by Rank-spearman test technique.
Result: There is a significant relationship between energy sufficiency level, protein adequacy level and carbohydrate adequacy level with running speed with p value <0,05. There was no significant relationship between fat sufficiency level, intake of Fe, calcium intake, potassium intake, sodium intake, intake of Zink and magnesium intake with runway rate with p> 0,05 .
Conclusion: The level of energy adequacy, the level of protein adequacy and the level of carbohydrate adequacy associated with running speed. The level of fat sufficiency, intake of Fe, calcium intake, potassium intake, sodium intake, intake Zink and magnesium intake not related to the level of running speed.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN KEMBANG BULAN (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI OLEH ALOXAN
Authors: Pradiningsih Anna , Pandanwangi Tw Siti , Aribowo Aribowo
Published: February 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus becomes a major health problem because its complications are short and long term. Plants used for the treatment of diabetes, one of which is Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray). Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray) is used as an anti-diabetic with the active substance of sesquiterpene compound, 1?-hydroxydiversifolin-3-O-methyl ether and 1?-hydroxytirotundine-3-O-methyl ether, isolated from the aerial part-all parts of the plant except root of Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray)
Objective: To find out whether the Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray) had an effect on aloxan-induced glucose levels of rats, knowing which doses were more effective had a decreasing effect on rat glucose and on the stability of the leaf-bloom formulation of Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray)
Method: The research method used is experimental method. The extract suspension was prepared with three doses, 200 mg/kgBB , 300 mg/kgBB, dan 400 mg/kgBB performed on 15 male rats induced aloxan.
Result: Based on the result of measurement of the decrease of blood glucose level on male white rats after 21 days treatment can be seen that the suspension of Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray) extract at dose 200 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, and 400 mg/kgBB obtained percentage decrease equal to 44%, 62.3% and 63.2%. On the Positive Control of Acarbose suspended with a dose of 9 mg/kgBB obtained percentage decrease of 57%. On Negative Control the 1% CMC suspension yields an increase percentage of 15.7%. The result of data analysis with T test test stated that there was no significant difference between the three doses with positive control.
Conclusion: The effective dose is the dose with the lowest percentage of 200 mg/kgBB. The suspension stability of Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray) extract at doses of 200mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB, positive control and negative control is relatively stable at temperatures of 0 0C, 25 0C and 50 0C.
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN PAREM DARI DAUN MENGKUDU (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA) DENGAN CAMPURAN BERAS, KENCUR, JAHE UNTUK LUKA BAKAR
Authors: Latifa Ayi Noer Afni , Putra Risa Kota , Farhan Farhan
Published: February 2021

Background: Plants that play an important role in healing this burn is mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia), which is used for parem ingredients of the leaves. The other ingredients used to make preparations parem of rice, ginger and Kaempferia galanga. Rice is a usefulness for heat dissipation in the burned wound, ginger properties to reduce inflammation in the skin, and kaempferia galanga  to remove burns.
The aim: The aim of this research is to describe the process of processing into  preparations parem of noni leaf with a mixture of rice flour, kaempferia galanga, and Ginger.
Methode: The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by taking some collection of journals from previous studies and from observations by interviews with ten people of Sawah Kulon Village. Preparation use noni leaves as a main ingredient as much as 250g with material mixtures using rice flour 500g, kaempferia galanga 10g, ginger 10g and a glass of water (at about 250ml). The process of making parem in this research is by mixing all the ingredients in a container to form a dough, then the dough is formed into flat circles with each weighing between 4-7g.
Result: This research was conducted organoleptic tests for three weeks with the results showed that no significant changes occurred, from the shape, color, odor and mold growth.
Conclusion: Parem resulting from noni leaves and rice flour mixture, kaempferia and ginger can last for three weeks.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI STABILITAS SEDIAAN SIRUP KAYU KUNING (Arcangelisia flava) UNTUK MEMELIHARA KESEHATAN
Authors: Ratnasari Dewi , Handayani Reti Puji
Published: February 2021

Background: There are many studies explore the effectiveness and efficacy of yellow root, but while for phytochemical screening with decoction method and making of product has still little bit. Empirical yellow root is usually drunk in fresh condition, immediately after boiled, but cause of the bitter taste it needs to be covered by sweet taste and made product that can be last long. Options of honey for this research is intended to increase the taste of product that can be consumed in maintain health.
Objective: This research is aimed to determine secondary metabolite content by decoction method, to make yellow root product and know the stability of yellow root product.
Method: The yellow root research design used in this study is decoction method, tested the content of secondary metabolite, then added honey and tested organoleptis for 14 days.
Conclusion: The results of phytochemical screening using decoction method showed that the yellow root extract contained alkaloids and saponins, and the stability test results showed more durable yellow wood extract plus honey.
HUBUNGAN RENTANG LENGAN DENGAN TINGGI BADAN DALAM MENENTUKAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH LANSIA
Authors: Wati Desti Ambar
Published: February 2021

Background: As you get older, a person will experience a decrease in bone and muscle mass affecting bone structure changes. The process is said to be aging.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to find out the corelation between hand range toward body height and in determining body mass index (BMI) of elderly in Distric Semarang.
Method: This study used cross sectional design. Subjects of the study were the elderly in Kelurahan Candigaron Distric Semarang, which consisted of 60 people consisting of 30 men and 30 women. Sampling technique used is purposive random sampling. Height is measured using microtoise, weight using digital weight scales, and arm range using metline. The data obtained then tested the normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test which then continued with Rank Spearman correlation test.
Results: Based on the analyzis of height and armspan by using Rank Spearman correlation test, the result was r = 0,921 (female) dan r = 0,819 (male). Whereas, Rank Spearman correlation test between BMI height (BMI TB) and BMI armspan (BMI RL) gave a result of r = 0,965 (female) and r = 0,905 (male). Significancy of the whole test was < 0,05. This result showed that there were strong, linear, and significant relation between armspan and height, along with BMI TB and BMI RL.
Conclusion: Armspan is reliable as substitute height in determining body mass index of the elderly in Distric Semarang, because there is a strong and significant relation between height - armspan and BMI height - BMI arm span.
PEMBUATAN SIMPING HERBAL DARI DAUN BELUNTAS (Plucea Indica (L) Less) UNTUK PERAWATAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Jayadinata Egi Prastika , Andriani Susi , Ratnasari Dewi
Published: February 2021

Objective: This research aims to provide healthy snacks so that preparations can be used by the community for health care.
Method: In this research he did approach a qualitative research method of action developed from previous research on efficacy of leaf Beluntas (Plucea Indica (L) Less). In this study researchers make healthy snacks from the leaves of Beluntas (Plucea Indica (L) Less) in the form of the scallop through the process of with infusa solvent water was mixed on basic material i.e. simping tapioca flour and flour wheat flour. Simping is made by mixing 1 liter water infusa leaf Beluntas (Plucea Indica (L) Less) with tapioca flour 1.25 kg, 0.25 kg of wheat flour, coconut milk 240 ml, and 37 g of salt.
Result: The resultof theorganoleptis preparations testing done for 21 days with the results show that there is no negative changes that occurred from the shape, color, smell, taste, or whether or not there is mold growth.
Conclusion: In this study the researchers managed to make healthy snacks in the shape of a healthy snack can last for 3 weeks.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI KECAMATAN JATILUHUR KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Windari Lia , Lisnawati Naintina , Herutomo Tomi
Published: February 2021

Background: High prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Indonesia increasing risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies (LBW) and premature. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Purwakarta Regency was 65% in 2016, whereas in Jatiluhur Health Center reach 5,4%.
Objective: Analyze factors that influence the incidence of anaemia among pregnant women in Jatiluhur, Purwakarta.
Method: This research used case control design. Subjects were 34 anaemia pregnant women in Jatiluhur Subdistrict, Purwakarta Regency. Data collection using a questionnaire containing questions about characteristics of respondents, distance of the pregnancy, level of education, antenatal care (ANC) visit, knowledge, and adherence of Fe consumption. Analysis data using Chi-Square test.
Result: Factors that influence the incidence of anaemia in pregnant women were age (p=0,002, OR=1,956), iron intake (p=0,006, OR=0,16), level of education (p=0,020, OR=0,07), knowledge (p=0,001, OR=1,266), and ANC visit (p=0,001, OR=2,04) whereas the distance of pregnancy (p=0,619, OR=0,942), protein intake (p=0,493, OR=1,193), parity (p=0,494, OR=1,060), LILA (p=0,086, OR=0,658) and adherence of Fe consumption (p=0,0571, OR=0,07) have no influence with the incidence of anaemia in pregnant women.
Conclusion: Factors that influence the incidence of anaemia in pregnant women in Jatiluhur Subdistrict Purwakarta Regency were iron intake, age, level of education, knowledge, and ANC visit.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) TERHADAP DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN ZAT BESI (Fe) BISKUIT UNTUK WANITA HAMIL
Authors: Qudsy Suci Purnama , Fajri Roifah , Lisnawati Naintina
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) pada wanita hamil di Indonesia mencapai 37,1% pada tahun 2013. Konsumsi makanan tambahan yang mengandung zat besi dapat menjadi alternatif pencegahan ADB pada ibu hamil. Biskuit kacang merah merupakan salah satu makanan tambahan yang mengandung zat besi (Fe) dengan harga terjangkau.

Tujuan Penelitian: Membuat biskuit yang mengandung zat besi (Fe) dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kacang merah terhadap daya terima dan kandungan zat besi (Fe) pada biskuit kacang merah.

Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu, pembuatan biskuit kacang merah dan analisis (uji daya terima dan uji kandungan zat besi). Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor dengan 3 perlakuan penambahan kacang merah yang berbeda (20%, 50% dan 80%).

Hasil: Kacang merah yang diolah menjadi biskuit tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap daya terima pada parameter aroma (p=0,539) dan rasa (p=0,237), namun memiliki pengaruh terhadap parameter warna (p=0,028). Warna yang paling disukai oleh panelis yaitu pada formulasi A1 dengan perbandingan tepung terigu:tepung kacang merah 80%:20% dengan nilai persentase 96,67% (29 dari 30 orang menyukai sampel). Penambahan kacang merah tidak memiliki pengaruh pada kandungan zat besi (Fe) biskuit (p=0,368).

Simpulan: Penambahan kacang merah tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya terima aroma, rasa dan kandungan zat besi biskuit, namun berpengaruh terhadap warna biskuit.
KADAR PROTEIN DAN DAYA TERIMA SILKY PUDDING YANG DISUBSTITUSI SUSU KAMBING DAN SUSU SKIM SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MAKANAN TAMBAHAN BALITA STUNTING
Authors: Rochmah Syifa , Yani Ahmad , Aminarista Aminarista
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Asupan protein merupakan salah satu faktor risiko stunting pada balita. Diketahui bahwa susu mampu memberikan sumbangan protein pada anak stunting sebesar 7,67 g/hari. Maka dibuatlah Silky pudding substitusi susu kambing dan susu skim yang diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif makanan tambahan tinggi protein.

Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis kadar protein dan daya terima silky pudding yang disubstitusi susu kambing dan susu skim.

Metode: Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor yaitu substitusi susu kambing dan susu skim. Kadar protein dan daya terima atau uji hedonik 30 orang panelis tidak terlatih dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan uji lanjut Man Whitney.

Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan (P = 0,043) antarakadar protein silky pudding P1 (substitusi susu skim) dengan silky puddingP0 (kontrol susu kental manis) dan silky puddingP2 (substitusi susu kambing). Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara daya terima warna (P = 0,746), aroma (P = 0,223), tekstur (P = 0,606), dan rasa (P = 0,315) antara silky pudding P1 (substitusi susu skim), silky puddingP0 (kontrol susu kental manis), dan silky puddingP2 (substitusi susu kambing).

Simpulan: Substitusi susu kambing dan susu skim berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar protein silky pudding namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya terima silky pudding.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DENGAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH REMAJA
Authors: Lisnawati Naintina , Haryanto Irwan
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Masa remaja ditandai dengan perubahan komposisi tubuh yang disebabkan oleh keadaan hormonal dan gaya hidup. Kondisi tersebut memberikan pengaruh terhadap pola asupan makanan yang dikonsumsi remaja.

Tujuan Penelitian: Mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis hubungan asupan zat gizi dengan komposisi tubuh remaja.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja di Kabupaten Purwakarta yang dipilih secara acak dan berjumlah 44 orang. Data mengenai asupan zat gizi diperoleh menggunakan Formulir Food Recall 2x24 jam, dan komposisi tubuh menggunakan Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA). Analisis data menggunakan uji Rank Spearman Test.

Hasil: Rerata berat badan dan Lean Body Mass (LBM) subjek penelitian masing-masing adalah 43,7±8,6 kg dan 33,8±5,2 kg, sedangkan median massa lemak adalah 8,2±4,6 kg. Tingkat kecukupan energi subjek sebagian besar tergolong kurang (59,1±37,8%), begitu  pula dengan asupan kalsium (159,4±502,9 mg). Asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak berhubungan dengan komposisi tubuh subjek (p<0,05), sedangkan asupan zat besi (Fe), kalsium (Ca), kalium (K), natrium (Na), magnesium (Mg), dan seng (Zn) tidak signifikan berhubungan dengan LBM dan berat badan subjek (p>0,05). Zn merupakan satu-satunya zat gizi mikro yang mempunyai korelasi dengan massa lemak (p=0,032).

Simpulan: Zat gizi makro mempunyai hubungan dengan komposisi tubuh remaja di Kabupaten Purwakarta.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN KAFEIN, KUALITAS TIDUR DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH
Authors: Khoerunisa Sarah , Hermanto Restu Amalia , Aminarista Aminarista
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Pada negara berkembang kategori usia 20-24 tahun banyak mengalami tekanan darah tinggi, 9,4% laki-laki dan 8,9% perempuan. Di Indonesia kejadian tekanan darah tinggi ?18 tahun adalah 25,8%. Tekanan darah pada mahasiswa dapat dipengaruhi oleh asupan kafein, kualitas tidur dan status gizi.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan kafein, kualitas tidur dan status gizi dengan tekanan darah.

Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa STT Wastukancana dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, melibatkan 82 subjek penelitian yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Asupan kafein diukur menggunakan food frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semi kuantitatif, kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), status gizi diukur menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), dan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan alat sphygnomanometer digital. Hubungan masing-masing variabel bebas dengan tekanan darah sistolik diuji menggunakan pearson product momment. Sedangkan hubungan variabel bebas dengan tekanan darah diastolik diuji menggunakan rank spearman. Uji multivariat menggunakan uji regresi linear ganda.

Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek memiliki tekanan darah sistolik tinggi (61%) dan tekanan darah diastolik tinggi (74,4%). Asupan kafein, kualitas tidur dan status gizi masing-masing memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh meningkatkan tekanan darah sistolik adalah asupan kafein (B=0,12; p=0,004), kualitas tidur (B=1,36; p=0,001) dan status gizi (B=1,25; p=0,001). Buruknya kualitas tidur subjek pada penelitian ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya gangguan-gangguan baik saat sebelum tertidur ataupun pada saat tidur.

Simpulan: Tekanan darah tinggi dipengaruhi oleh asupan kafein, kualitas tidur dan status gizi.
PENGARUH RASIO TEPUNG BERAS MERAH (Oryza Nivara L) DAN KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus Radiatus L) PADA PRODUK SNACK BAR TERHADAP KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN DAYA TERIMA OLEH ANAK USIA SEKOLAH
Authors: Rahayu Anita , Haryanto Irwan , Ulfah Ardhika
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Anak usia sekolah rentan mengalami kekurangan zat gizi. Proporsi anak usia sekolah yang defisit energi secara nasional 83,9%, sebanyak 64,4 % defisit energi tergolong berat (<70% AKE) dan defisit protein sebesar 17,8% tergolong berat (<70%AKP). kekurangan energi dan protein pada anak akan berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi belajar menurun, imunitas tubuh menurun, dan pertumbuhan tidak optimal. Salah upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan protein anak usia sekolah yaitu dengan memberikan snack sehat yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan protein anak usia sekolah salah satunya adalah snack bar tepung beras meras merahdan kacang hijau

Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisa daya terima dan kandungan protein snack bar tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau

Metode: Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu perbandingan rasio tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau dan 3 kali pengulangan. Penelitian terdiri dari pembuatan kacang hijau kering, pembuatan snack bar, analisis kandungan protein dengan metode kejdahl, uji daya terima dengan uji skala kesukaan, penentuan formula terpilih dan kontribusi protein terhadap AKG pada anak usia sekolah. Panelis sebanyak 60 orang dari siswa Sekolah Negeri Karangmukti. Analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji kruskal wallist test dan one way anova.

Hasil:Tidak terdapat pengaruh rasio tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau terhadap aroma (p=0,473), rasa (p=0,725) dan tekstur (p=0,335) snack bar, tetapi terdapat pengaruh pada warna snack bar (p=0,004). Terdapat pengaruh rasio tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau terhadap kandungan protein snack bar (p=0,00).

Simpulan: Perbedaan rasio tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya terima aroma, rasa, tekstur dan terdapat pengaruh terdapat perbedaan rasio tepung beras merah dan kacang hijau terhadap kandungan protein snack bar. Namun ada pengaruh pada parameter warna.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK GEL SIMPLISIA DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) DENGAN BASIS GEL LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.)
Authors: Nurhayati Siti , Ratnasari Dewi , Handayani Reti Puji
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Panu merupakan penyakit kulit yang dapat diobati dengan bahan alam, salah satunya dengan daun ketepeng cina yang biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat Desa Blanakan. Sayangnya, belum ada sediaan alami yang praktis dan awet dalam penyimpanannya.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pembuatan sediaan gel dari daun ketepeng cina dengan basis gel daun lidah buaya dan untuk mengetahui formulasi yang stabil berdasarkan uji stabilitas fisik pada suhu kamar (15-30oC) dan suhu dingin (± 4oC).

Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan dengan instrumen penelitian berupa studi pustaka dan lembar pengamatan. Sediaan dibuat dari serbuk simplisia daun ketepeng cina dan gel lidah buaya dengan komposisi F I (0,5 gram, 5 gram), F II (0,5 gram, 10 gram), dan F III (0,5 gram, 15 gram).

Hasil: Formula terbaik sesaat setelah proses pembuatan dilihat berdasarkan uji organoleptik adalah F I. Berdasarkan uji stabilitas fisik, sediaan yang stabil secara pH dan organoleptik adalah FI yang disimpan pada suhu dingin (± 4oC) dengan perubahan pH dari 6-4, perubahan bau khas simplisia daun ketepeng menjadi khas lidah buaya, warna hijau coklat pekat, tekstur licin, bentuk semi solid, dan dapat bertahan selama 8 hari. Adapun sediaan yang memenuhi kriteria daya sebar adalah  FII yang disimpan pada suhu kamar (15-30oC).

Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji pH dan organleptik, formula yang cukup stabil adalah F I dengan 0,5 gram serbuk simplisia dan 5 gram gel lidah buaya sedangkan sediaan yang memenuhi kriteria daya sebar adalah  FII yang disimpan pada suhu kamar (15-30oC).
FORMULASI SEDIAAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK MASKER DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam) dan PATI BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus.L) UNTUK PERAWATAN KULIT BERJERAWAT
Authors: Pramudita Endah , Puspariki Jenta , Suharti Suharti
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Pengobatan jerawat menggunakan antibakteri memiliki efek samping yaitu iritasi dan kerusakan organ secara tidak langsung [1]. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan alternatif lain untuk seperti penggunaan bahan-bahan obat berasal dari alam yang lebih aman. Bahan-bahan alam yang dapat digunakan biasanya berasal dari tanaman obat, sayuran juga buah-buahan. [2] Mengingat keunggulan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) dan bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus.L) yang sama-sama mengandung senyawa yang berkhasiat untuk perawatan kulit wajah, maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan membuat sediaan masker ekstrak daun kelor dan pati bengkuang.

Tujuan Penelitian: membuat sediaan daun kelor dan pati bengkuang yang praktis bisa dibawa kemana saja.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan (Action Research) dengan tiga formulasi dengan perbandingan ekstrak daun kelor dan pati bengkuang yang berbeda, F1 (3gr:7gr), F2 (2,5gr:7,5gr) dan F3 (2gr:8gr).

Hasil: hasil uji organoleptik sediaan masker daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) dan bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus.L) yang telah diuji dan diamati selama 3 minggu diperoleh hasil tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil uji pH yang dilakukan selama 3 minggu menunjukan hasil pH pada F1 (3gr:7gr), F2 (2,5gr:7,5gr) dan F3 (2gr:8gr) relatif stabil berkisar 5.

Simpulan: Dari uji pH yang dilakukan setiap satu minggu sekali menunjukan hasil pH stabil yaitu berkisar 5, sesuai dengan pH wajah normal berkisar 4,5-6,5. Hasil uji organoleptik yang dilakukan pada ketiga formulasi tidak menunjukan perubahan yang signifikan. Perubahan hanya terdapat pada aroma khas ekstrak daun kelor, hal ini disebabkan karena penambahan ekstrak daun  kelor pada setiap formulasi dengan jumlah yang berbeda – beda.
PEMBUATAN SERBUK INSTAN KUNYIT PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Roscoe.) DAN KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Sabilah Salma , Andriani Susi , Suharti Suharti
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Radikal bebas dapat memicu penyebab beberapa penyakit seperti kanker, gangguan fungsi ginjal, serangan jantung dan katarak. Antioksidan alami dapat membantu menetralisir radikal bebas dalam tubuh manusia. Serbuk instan kunyit putih dan kacang merah ini memiliki kandungan kaya akan antioksidan karena kunyit putih dan kacang merah mengandung polifenol  yang dikenal sebagai antioksidan.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan serbuk instan kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) dan kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sebagai antioksidan serta mencari formulasi terbaik berdasarkar uji organoleptik selama 3 minggu.

Metode: Disain penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan, yang terdiri dari tahap perencanan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi atau evaluasi. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama, proses pembuatan sedian serbuk instan dengan metode kristalisasi dan tahap kedua, uji organoleptik sediaan serbuk instan.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian dari pembuatan serbuk instan kunyit putih dan kacang merah menghasilkan jumlah yang berbeda-beda yaitu FI 164 gram, FII 361 gram dan FIII 541 gram. Hasil uji organoleptik dari ketiga sampel menunjukan tidak adanya perubahan yang signifikan dalam hal bau, bentuk, rasa dan warna. Formula terbaik setelah uji organoleptik selama 3 minggu yaitu FII 1:1 (sari 400 ml : gula 400 g).

Simpulan:  Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa serbuk instan kunyit putih dan kacang merah yang memiliki formulasi terbaik berdasarkan uji organoleptik selama 3 minggu yaitu pada FII 1:1 (sari 400 ml : gula 400 g).
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SERUM ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK SARI TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) DAN EKSTRAK KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmannii) SEBAGAI PERAWATAN KULIT
Authors: Ariyanti Evy Lestari , Handayani Reti Puji , Yanto Elih Sutisna
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) merupakan salah satu sumber antioksidan yang alami. Tomat kaya akan vitamin A dan C, beta-karoten, kalium dan antioksidan likopen. Selain tomat, kayu manis juga berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Penggunaan tomat dan kayu manis secara langsung pada kulit dinilai kurang efektif sehingga perlu diformulasi dalam bentuk serum.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pembuatan serum tomat dan kayu manis serta mengetahui stabilitas dari serum dilihat dari uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas,uji stabilitas pH dan uji kesukaan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan (Action Researh). Sediaan dibuat dengan komposisi ekstrak sari buah tomat dan ekstrak kayu manis dengan perbandingan 3 gram : 0,5 gram serta penambahan 1 gram xanthan gum untuk F1, 1,2 gram untuk F2, 1,4 gram untuk F3.
Hasil : Hasil uji organoleptik yang telah dilakukan menunjukan adanya perubahan pada hari ke-9 sampai ke-21. Hasil stabilitas pH yang diperoleh dari 3 sampel serum menunjukan hasil pada minggu ke-2 terjadi perubahan pH pada sediaan yang disimpan di suhu ruang (15-30°C). Hasil uji kesukaan serum untuk tekstur sebanyak 93,3% pada formula 1. Warna  97%  pada formula 1dan aroma sebanyak 83,3%  pada formula 2.
Simpulan : Hasil uji organoleptik dan uji kesukaan formula unggulan adalah F1, sedangkan hasil uji homogenitas ketiga sedian yang disimpan selama 3minggu dalam keadaan homogen. Hasil uji pH sediaan masih dalam batas pH kulit.
Empirical evidence for deep convection related stratospheric cirrus
clouds over North America
Authors: Zou Ling , Hoffmann Lars , Griessbach Sabine , Spang Reinhold , Wang Lunche
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Cirrus clouds in the lowermost stratosphere affect stratospheric water vapor and the Earth's radiation budget. The knowledge of its occurrence and driving forces is limited. To assess the distribution and possible formation mechanisms of stratospheric cirrus clouds (SCCs) over North America, we analyzed SCC occurrence frequencies observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) instrument during the years 2006 to 2018. Possible driving forces such as deep convection are assessed based on Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations during the same time. Results show that at nighttime, SCCs are most frequently observed during the thunderstorm season over the Great Plains from May to August (MJJA) with a maximum occurrence frequency of 6.2 %. During the months from November to February (NDJF), the highest SCCs occurrence frequencies are 5.5 % over the North-Eastern Pacific, western Canada and 4.4 % over the western North Atlantic. Occurrence frequencies of deep convection from AIRS, which includes storm systems, fronts, mesoscale convective systems and mesoscale convective complexes at mid- and high latitude, show similar hotspots like the SCCs, with highest occurrence frequencies being observed over the Great Plains in MJJA (4.4 %) and over the North-Eastern Pacific, western Canada and the western North Atlantic in NDJF (~2.5 %). Both, seasonal patterns and daily time series of SCCs and deep convection show a high degree of spatial and temporal relation. Further analysis indicates that the maximum fraction of SCCs related to deep convection is 74 % over the Great Plains in MJJA and about 50 % over the western North Atlantic, the North-Eastern Pacific and western Canada in NDJF. We conclude that, locally and regionally, deep convection is the leading factor related to occurrence of SCCs over North America. In this study, we also analyzed the impact of gravity waves as another important factor related to the occurrence SCCs, as the Great Plains is a well-known hotspot for stratospheric gravity waves. In the cases where SCCs are not directly linked to deep convection, we found that stratospheric gravity wave observations correlate with SCCs in as much as 30 % of the cases over the Great Plains in MJJA, about 50 % over the North-Eastern Pacific, western Canada and up to 90 % over eastern Canada and the north-west Atlantic in NDJF. Our results provide better understanding of the physical processes and climate variability related to SCCs and will be of interest for modelers as SCC sources such as deep convection and gravity waves are small-scale processes that are difficult to represent in global general circulation models.
Impacts of coagulation on the appearance time method for new particle growth rate evaluation and their corrections
Authors: Cai Runlong , Li Chenxi , He Xu-Cheng , Deng Chenjuan , Lu Yiqun , Yin Rujing , Yan Chao , Wang Lin , Jiang Jingkun , Kulmala Markku , Kangasluoma Juha
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The growth rate of atmospheric new particles is a key
parameter that determines their survival probability of becoming cloud
condensation nuclei and hence their impact on the climate. There have been
several methods to estimate the new particle growth rate. However, due to
the impact of coagulation and measurement uncertainties, it is still
challenging to estimate the initial growth rate of new particles, especially
in polluted environments with high background aerosol concentrations. In
this study, we explore the influences of coagulation on the appearance time
method to estimate the growth rate of sub-3 nm particles. The principle of
the appearance time method and the impacts of coagulation on the retrieved
growth rate are clarified via derivations. New formulae in both discrete and
continuous spaces are proposed to correct for the impacts of coagulation.
Aerosol dynamic models are used to test the new formulae. New particle
formation in urban Beijing is used to illustrate the importance of considering
the impacts of coagulation on the sub-3 nm particle growth rate and its
calculation. We show that the conventional appearance time method needs to
be corrected when the impacts of coagulation sink, coagulation source, and
particle coagulation growth are non-negligible compared to the condensation
growth. Under the simulation conditions with a constant concentration of
non-volatile vapors, the corrected growth rate agrees with the theoretical
growth rates. However, the uncorrected parameters, e.g., vapor evaporation
and the variation in vapor concentration, may impact the growth rate
obtained with the appearance time method. Under the simulation conditions
with a varying vapor concentration, the average bias in the corrected 1.5–3 nm particle growth rate ranges from 6 %–44 %, and the maximum bias in the
size-dependent growth rate is 150 %. During the test new particle
formation event in urban Beijing, the corrected condensation growth rate of
sub-3 nm particles was in accordance with the growth rate contributed by
sulfuric acid condensation, whereas the conventional appearance time method
overestimated the condensation growth rate of 1.5 nm particles by 80 %.
The De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE): a study of broadband radiometric measurements under icing conditions in the Arctic
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Morris Sara M. , Uttal Taneil , Burgener Ross , Hall Emiel , Kutchenreiter Mark , McComiskey Allison , Long Charles N. , Thomas Bryan D. , Wendell James
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Surface-based measurements of broadband shortwave (solar)
and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes using thermopile radiometers are
made regularly around the globe for scientific and operational environmental
monitoring. The occurrence of ice on sensor windows in cold environments –
whether snow, rime, or frost – is a common problem that is difficult to
prevent as well as difficult to correct in post-processing. The Baseline
Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) community recognizes radiometer icing as a
major outstanding measurement uncertainty. Towards constraining this
uncertainty, the De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE) was carried out at
the NOAA Atmospheric Baseline Observatory in Utqiaġvik (formerly
Barrow), Alaska, from August 2017 to July 2018. The purpose of D-ICE was to
evaluate existing ventilation and heating technologies developed to mitigate
radiometer icing. D-ICE consisted of 20 pyranometers and 5 pyrgeometers
operating in various ventilator housings alongside operational systems that
are part of NOAA's Barrow BSRN station and the US Department of Energy
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program North Slope of Alaska and
Oliktok Point observatories. To detect icing, radiometers were monitored
continuously using cameras, with a total of more than 1 million images of
radiometer domes archived. Ventilator and ventilator–heater performance
overall was skillful with the average of the systems mitigating ice formation
77 % (many >90 %) of the time during which icing conditions
were present. Ventilators without heating elements were also effective and
capable of providing heat through roughly equal contributions of waste
energy from the ventilator fan and adiabatic heating downstream of the fan.
This provided ∼0.6 ∘C of warming, enough to subsaturate the
air up to a relative humidity (with respect to ice) of ∼105 %.
Because the mitigation technologies performed well, a near complete record
of verified ice-free radiometric fluxes was assembled for the duration of
the campaign. This well-characterized data set is suitable for model
evaluation, in particular for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) first
Special Observing Period (SOP1). We used the data set to calculate short-
and long-term biases in iced sensors, finding that biases can be up to +60 W m−2 (longwave) and −211 to +188 W m−2 (shortwave). However,
because of the frequency of icing, mitigation of ice by ventilators, cloud
conditions, and the timing of icing relative to available sunlight, the
biases in the monthly means were generally less than the aggregate
uncertainty attributed to other conventional sources in both the shortwave
and longwave.
Novel measures for summarizing high-resolution forecast performance
Authors: Gilleland Eric
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In ascertaining the performance of a high-resolution gridded forecast against an analysis, called the verification set, on the same grid, care must be taken to account for the over-accumulation of small-scale errors and double penalties. It is also useful to consider both location errors and intensity errors. In the last 2 decades, many new methods have been proposed for analyzing these kinds of verification sets. Many of these new methods involve fairly complicated strategies that do not naturally summarize forecast performance succinctly. This paper presents two new spatial-alignment performance measures, G and Gβ. The former is applied without any requirement for user decisions, while the latter has a single user-chosen parameter, β, that takes on a value from zero to one, where one corresponds to a perfect match and zero corresponds to the user's notion of a worst case. Unlike any previously proposed distance-based measure, both handle the often-encountered case in which all values in one or both of the verification set are zero. Moreover, its value is consistent if only a few grid points are nonzero.
Denitrification in soil as a function of oxygen availability at the microscale
Authors: Rohe Lena , Apelt Bernd , Vogel Hans-Jörg , Well Reinhard , Wu Gi-Mick , Schlüter Steffen
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) and of dinitrogen (N2)
emissions formed by biotic denitrification in soil is notoriously difficult
due to challenges in capturing co-occurring processes at microscopic scales.
N2O production and reduction depend on the spatial extent of anoxic
conditions in soil, which in turn are a function of oxygen (O2) supply
through diffusion and O2 demand by respiration in the presence of an
alternative electron acceptor (e.g. nitrate). This study aimed to explore controlling factors of complete denitrification
in terms of N2O and (N2O + N2) fluxes in repacked soils by
taking micro-environmental conditions directly into account. This was
achieved by measuring microscale oxygen saturation and estimating the
anaerobic soil volume fraction (ansvf) based on internal air distribution
measured with X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). O2 supply and
demand were explored systemically in a full factorial design with soil
organic matter (SOM; 1.2 % and 4.5 %), aggregate size (2–4 and 4–8 mm), and
water saturation (70 %, 83 %, and 95 % water-holding capacity, WHC) as factors. CO2 and N2O
emissions were monitored with gas chromatography. The 15N gas flux
method was used to estimate the N2O reduction to N2. N gas emissions could only be predicted well when explanatory variables for
O2 demand and O2 supply were considered jointly. Combining
CO2 emission and ansvf as proxies for O2 demand and supply resulted in
83 % explained variability in (N2O + N2) emissions and together
with the denitrification product ratio [N2O / (N2O + N2)]
(pr) 81 % in N2O emissions. O2 concentration measured by
microsensors was a poor predictor due to the variability in O2 over
small distances combined with the small measurement volume of the
microsensors. The substitution of predictors by independent, readily
available proxies for O2 demand (SOM) and O2 supply
(diffusivity) reduced the predictive power considerably (60 % and 66 %
for N2O and (N2O+N2) fluxes, respectively). The new approach of using X-ray CT imaging analysis to directly quantify
soil structure in terms of ansvf in combination with N2O and
(N2O + N2) flux measurements opens up new perspectives to estimate
complete denitrification in soil. This will also contribute to improving
N2O flux models and can help to develop mitigation strategies for
N2O fluxes and improve N use efficiency.
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Authors: Elnashar Abdelrazek , Wang Linjiang , Wu Bingfang , Zhu Weiwei , Zeng Hongwei
Published: February 2021

Abstract. As a linkage among water, energy, and carbon cycles,
global actual evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role in
agriculture, water resource management, and climate change. Although it is
difficult to estimate ET over a large scale and for a long time, there are
several global ET datasets available with uncertainty associated with
various assumptions regarding their algorithms, parameters, and inputs. In
this study, we propose a long-term synthesized ET product at a kilometer
spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution from 1982 to 2019.
Through a site-pixel evaluation of 12 global ET products over different time
periods, land surface types, and conditions, the high-performing products
were selected for the synthesis of the new dataset using a high-quality flux
eddy covariance (EC) covering the entire globe. According to the study results,
Penman–Monteith–Leuning (PML), the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance
(SSEBop), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, MOD16A2105),
and the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) ET products were
chosen to create the synthesized ET set. The proposed product agreed well
with flux EC ET over most of the all comparison levels, with a maximum relative mean error
(RME) of 13.94 mm (17.13 %) and a maximum relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 38.61 mm
(47.45 %). Furthermore, the product performed better than local ET
products over China, the United States, and the African continent and
presented an ET estimation across all land cover classes. While no product
can perform best in all cases, the proposed ET can be used without looking
at other datasets and performing further assessments. Data are available on
the Harvard Dataverse public repository through the following Digital Object
Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZGOUED
(Elnashar et al., 2020), as well as on the Google Earth
Engine (GEE) application through this link: https://elnashar.users.earthengine.app/view/synthesizedet (last access: 21 January 2021).
Timing and magnitude of future annual runoff extremes in
contrasting Alpine catchments in Austria
Authors: Hanus Sarah , Hrachowitz Markus , Zekollari Harry , Schoups Gerrit , Vizcaino Miren , Kaitna Roland
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Hydrological regimes of alpine catchments are expected to be strongly affected by climate change mostly due to their dependence on snow and ice dynamics. While seasonal changes have been studied extensively, studies on changes in the timing and magnitude of annual extremes remain rare. This study investigates the effects of climate change on runoff patterns in six contrasting alpine catchments in Austria using a process-based semi-distributed hydrological model and projections from 14 regional climate and global climate model combinations for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The study catchments represent a spectrum of different hydrological regimes, from pluvial-nival to nivo-glacial, as well as distinct topographies and land forms, characterizing different elevation zones across the Eastern Alps to provide a comprehensive picture of future runoff changes. The climate projections are used to model river runoff in 2071–2100, which are then compared to the 1981–2010 reference period for all study catchments. Changes in timing and magnitude of annual maximum and minimum flows as well as in monthly runoff and snow melt are quantified and analyzed. Our results indicate a substantial shift to earlier occurrences in annual maximum flows by 9 to 31 days and an extension of the potential flood season by one to three months for high-elevation catchments. For low-elevation catchments, changes in timing of annual maximum flows are less pronounced. Magnitudes of annual maximum flows are likely to increase by 2–18 % under RCP 4.5, while no clear changes are projected for four catchments under RCP 8.5. The latter is caused by a pronounced increase in evaporation and decrease in snow melt contributions which offset increases in precipitation. Minimum annual runoff occur 13–31 days earlier in the winter months for high-elevation catchments, whereas for low-elevation catchments a shift from winter to autumn by about 15–100 days is projected. While all catchments show an increase in mean magnitude of minimum flows by 7–30 % under RCP 4.5, this is only the case for four catchments under RCP 8.5. Our results suggest a relationship between the elevation of catchments and changes in timing of annual maximum and minimum flows. For the magnitude of the extreme flows, a relationship is found between catchment elevation and annual minimum flows, whereas this relationship is lacking between elevation and annual maximum flow.
A new view on the risk of typhoon occurrence in the western North Pacific
Authors: Ng Kelvin S. , Leckebusch Gregor C.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. To study high-impact tropical cyclones (TCs) is of crucial importance due to their extraordinary destructive potential that leads to major losses in many coastal areas in the western North Pacific (WNP). Nevertheless, because of the rarity of high-impact TCs, it is difficult to construct a robust hazard assessment based on the historical best track records. This paper aims to address this issue by introducing a computationally simple and efficient approach to build a physically consistent high-impact TC event set with non-realised TC events in the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) archive. This event set contains more than 10 000 years of TC events. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the new event set are consistent with the historical TC climatology in the WNP. It is shown that this TC event set contains ∼100 and ∼77 times more very severe typhoons and violent typhoons than the historical records, respectively. Furthermore, this approach can be used to improve the return-period estimation of TC-associated extreme wind. Consequently, a robust extreme TC hazard assessment, reflective of the current long-term climate variability phase, can be achieved using this approach.