bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research and Analysis of Bring Perigastric Tumor Deposits into The Staging of Primary Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Wang Zhaoyang , Xie Tianyu , Li Shuo , Wu Di , Guo Xin , Wang Yong , Chen Lin
Published: December 2020

Background: The current significance of perigastric tumor deposits (TDs) in gastric cancer (GC) for indicating prognosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of perigastric TDs and a new TNM staging involving TDs for GC.Methods: The pathological data of 6672 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy or operation of gastric cancer with other diseases between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017 at Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into tumor deposits positive (TD+) group and tumor deposits negative (TD-) group. The differences between TD+ and TD- were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model. To draw survival curves, we used Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate Cox regression model and Log-rank test was used to analyze the data.Results: Perigastric TDs were found to be positive in 339 (5.09%) of the 6672 patients with GC of which 237 were males (69.91%) and 102 females (30.09%) (2.32:1). The median age was 59 years (ranging from 27 to 78 years). No significant differences were detected between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis both indicated that GC patients with positive TDs had poorer prognosis than those with negative TDs (p<0.05). The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival rates of GC patients with TDs were 68.3%, 19.6%, and 11.2%, respectively, and were significantly poorer than those of the staged matched control group. There was statistical significance between the location of TDs and patient survival in patients with gastric cancer (p＜0.05). A new TNM staging was formulated according to the TDs location. When TDs appear on the gastric body, the original T1, T2, T3 stages change to T4a, and T4a, T4b change to T4b; when TDs appear in the lesser curvature, the previous N0, N1, N2, N3 stage change to N3; when the TDs located in the greater curvature or the distant tissue, the patient should be categorized as M1. After using the new stage, the survival curve of patients with TDs was closer to that of patients without TDs in each pTNM staging.Conclusion: 1. Tumor deposits is a bad prognostic factor in patients with primary gastric cancer. 2. The location of tumor deposits is associated with the prognosis of patients with primary gastric cancer. 3. The new stage is more suitable for patients with tumor deposits of gastric cancer.
Covid-19 only with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: case report of a 14-year-old patient 
Authors: Goshayeshi Ladan , Milani Nasrin , Bergqueist Robert , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Hoseini Benyamin
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is expanding worldwide. Although it seems to be a purely respiratory disease, occasional reports of lesions in other organs have been published. We report here an asymptomatic child Covid-19 patient with the main symptom of abdominal pain distension and without any respiratory symptoms. A 14-year-old male patient with main complaints of fever, malaise, anorexia, and severe abdominal pain was admitted to a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Laparotomy revealed distension of the small intestine and an adhesive ileo-caecal band that had produced ileum herniation without free fluid in the abdomen. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed bilateral, diffuse, peripheral dense areas of ground-glass appearance. A nasopharyngeal swab for Covid-19 diagnosis, ordered due to lymphopenia together with these diffuse lung infiltrations, showed a positive result. This led to drug treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin/oseltamivir and meropenem. The patient was febrile and developed tachycardia on the third day accompanied with a respiratory rate of 44/min. At this point, tracheal intubation was done but the patient died after 3 hours due to cardiac arrest. The case report brings forth the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal manifestation may be untypical symptoms of Covid-19 infection, and highlights the importance for the diagnosis to be based on combined laboratory-based data and scanning imagery.
Impact of homologous recombination on core genome phylogenies
Authors: Stott Caroline Marie , Bobay Louis-Marie
Published: December 2020

Background. Core genome phylogenies are widely used to build the evolutionary history of individual prokaryote species. By using hundreds or thousands of shared genes, these approaches are the gold standard to reconstruct the relationships of large sets of strains. However, there is growing evidence that bacterial strains exchange DNA through homologous recombination at rates that vary widely across prokaryote species, indicating that core genome phylogenies might not be able to reconstruct true phylogenies when recombination rate is high. Few attempts have been made to evaluate the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination, but some analyses suggest that reconstructed trees are not always accurate.Results. In this study, we tested the robustness of core genome phylogenies to various levels of recombination rates. By analyzing simulated and empirical data, we observed that core genome phylogenies are relatively robust to recombination rates; nevertheless, our results suggest that many reconstructed trees are not completely accurate even when bootstrap supports are high. We found that some core genome phylogenies are highly robust to recombination whereas others are strongly impacted by it, and we identified that the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination is highly linked to the levels of selective pressures acting on a species. Stronger selective pressures lead to less accurate tree reconstructions, presumably because selective pressures more strongly bias the routes of DNA transfers, thereby causing phylogenetic artifacts. Conclusions. Overall, these results have important implications for the application of core genome phylogenies in prokaryotes.
Bilateral Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Pain Relief after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pangthipampai Pawinee , Dejarkom Sukanya , Poolsuppasit Suppachai , Luansritisakul Choopong Luansritisakul , Tangchittam Suwida
Published: December 2020

Background: Achieving optimal analgesia with few side effects is the goal of pain management after cesarean delivery. Intrathecal (IT) morphine is the current standard but ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) may offer superior pain control with fewer side effects. This study compared the pain-free period after cesarean delivery among parturients who received spinal block with IT morphine, with IT morphine and bilateral QLB, or only bilateral QLB. Methods: Parturients having elective cesarean delivery under spinal block were randomized and allocated into IT morphine 0.2 mg with sham QLB (Group IT), IT morphine 0.2 mg and bilateral QLB with 0.25% bupivacaine 25 ml in each side (Group IT+QLB), or bilateral QLB with 0.25% bupivacaine 25 ml in each side (Group QLB). A PCA pump was connected after completion of the QLB or sham block. The first time to PCA morphine requirement was recorded and compared. Results: Eighty parturients were included. Analysis of Group QLB was terminated early because at the second interim analysis, median pain-free period is significantly shorter in Group QLB [hours (95%CI): 2.50 (1.04-3.96) in Group IT vs. 7.75 (5.67-9.83) in IT+QLB vs. 1.75 (0.75-2.75) in QLB (p<0.001)]. The median (min, max) amount of morphine required during 24 hours was 5.5 (0-25) in Group IT vs. 5.0 (0-36) in IT+QLB vs. 17.5 (1-40) mg in Group QLB (p<0.001). In the final analysis the median pain-free period was 2.50 (1.23-3.77) hours (95%CI) in Group IT (n=27) vs. 8.02 (5.96-10.07) in IT+QLB (n=28). (p=0.027). Conclusion: US-QLB used in conjunction with IT morphine yielded a statistically significant longer median pain-free period compared with standard IT morphine alone. However, QLB alone provided inferior pain control compared with standard IT morphine. When combined with IT morphine, QLB can provide additional analgesic benefit as a part of multimodal analgesic regimen, especially during the early postoperative period.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy under propofol-based sedation for early gastric cancer and pre-cancerous lesions is associated with better diagnostic accuracy: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Chu Lihua , Zhao Jialian , Sheng Cheng , Yue Min , Wang Feifei , Song Shengwen , Fang Xiangming , Cheng Baoli , Xie Guohao
Published: December 2020

Background: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has advantages in detecting gastric neoplastic lesions, meanwhile it requires strict patient cooperation. Sedation could improve patient cooperation and quality of endoscopy. However, sedation is still not very popular in some resource-limited countries and regions. The purpose of this study was to compare propofol-based sedated versus un-sedated CLE in the value of diagnosing early gastric cancer (EGC) and precancerous lesions.Methods: A retrospective, cohort, single center study of 226 patients who underwent CLE between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 was performed.Patients enrolled were allocated into the propofol-based sedated group (n=126) and the un-sedated group (n=100). The comparison of validity and reliability of CLE for identifying EGC and precancerous lesions between the two groups was performed through analyzing CLE diagnosis and pathological diagnosis. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines.Results: The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of diagnosing EGC in the sedated group was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.99), which was higher than that in the un-sedated group (0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.97), P =0.0407). CLE with sedation performed better than without sedation in diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia (P =0.0008 and P =0.0084, respectively). For patients considered as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or EGC by endoscopists, they would not get biopsy during CLE but receive endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) subsequently, and the misdiagnosis rate of CLE was 0% in the sedated group and 27.59% in the un-sedated group (P =0.006).Conclusion: Propofol based sedation was associated with improved diagnostic value of CLE for detecting EGC as well as precancerous lesions.
Broad-range and Effective Detection of Human Noroviruses by Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Based on the Shell Domain of the Major Capsid Protein
Authors: Xu Meng , Lu Feifeng , Wu Qingping , Zhang Jumei , Tian Peng , Xue Liang , Lyu Chenang , Xu Ting , Wang Dapeng
Published: December 2020

Background: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in all ages worldwide. As the replication of HuNoVs in vitro is immature, the detection of HuNoVs is depended on molecular assays such as RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. However, these molecular-based techniques require special equipment, unique reagents, experienced operators to perform, and extended time to get results. In addition, the diversity of viral genotypes is high. Therefore, a method for rapidly, broad-range, and effective detectionf of HuNoVs was desiderated for screening the excrement or vomit from infected people when outbreaks occur.Results: In this study, a colloidal-gold-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for highly effective detection of HuNoVs in clinical samples. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the shell (S) domain in the major capsid protein of HuNoVs were used in the ICA. The limitations of detection for HuNoVs in clinical samples were 1.2×106 genomic copies per gram of stool sample (gc/g) and 4.4×105 gc/g for genogroup I and II (GI and GII) HuNoVs, respectively. A total of 122 clinical samples were tested for HuNoVs by ICA and compared against that by RT-qPCR. The relative sensitivity, specificity and agreement of the ICA was 84.2 % (95% CI: 83.6-84.8 %), 100.0 % (95 % CI: 98.5-100.0 %) and 87.7 % (95% CI: 85.6-89.8 %), respectively. No cross-reaction with other common enteric viruses or bacteria was observed. The ICA could detect a broad range of genotypes, including GI.1, GI.3, GI.4, GI.6, GI.14, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13, and GII.17 HuNoVs.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ICA targeting the S domain of VP1 is a promising candidate for effectively improve identifying different genotypes of HuNoVs in clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity.
Elective surgical case cancellation and root causes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yohanes Yeneabat Birhanu , Sinshaw Aklilu Endalamaw , Ayisa Aynalem Adu
Published: December 2020

Background: Cancellation of elective surgical operation recognized as a major cause of emotional trauma to patients as well as their families. In Ethiopia, prevalence and root causes for elective surgical case cancellation varies from time to time in different settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to find the pooled prevalence and root causes for elective surgical case cancellation in Ethiopia.Methods: The databases for the search were Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar by the date from 01/07/2020 to 02/08/2020. To assess publication bias Egger's regression analysis was applied. The pooled estimation was estimated using random-effects model meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was also done based on the root causes of surgical case cancellation.Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 5 studies with 5591 study participants. The pooled prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was 21.41% (95% CI: 12.75 to 30.06%).Administration-related reason (34.50%) was the most common identified root cause, followed by surgeon (25.29%), medical (13.90%), and patient-related reasons (13.34%).Conclusions: The prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was considerable. The most common root cause for elective surgical case cancellation was administration-related reasons, followed by the surgeon, medical and patient-related reasons. The causes for the surgical cancellations are potentially preventable. Thus, efforts should be made to prevent unnecessary cancellations through careful planning.
Occupational lifting and risk of hypertension, stratified by use of anti-hypertensives and age - a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
Authors: Korshøj Mette , Hannerz Harald , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Marott Jacob Louis , Schnohr Peter , Clays Els , Holtermann Andreas
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHeavy occupational lifting is prevalent in the general working population and is sparsely reported to associate with hypertension, especially among older and hypertensive workers. We investigated if heavy occupational lifting is associated with hypertension and blood pressure (BP) in both cross-sectional and prospective study designs in the Copenhagen General Population Study, stratified by age, and use of anti-hypertensives.Methods Participation was conducted following the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethical committee (H-KF-01-144/01).BY multivariable logistic and linear regression models we investigated the association between heavy occupational lifting and hypertension in a cross-sectional design (n=67,363, using anti-hypertensives or BP ≥140/≥90 mmHg as outcome) and in a prospective design (n=7,020), with an above-median change in systolic BP (SBP) from baseline to follow-up and/or a shift from no use to use of anti-hypertensives as outcome), with and without stratification by age and use of anti-hypertensives.ResultsThe odds ratio for hypertension was estimated at 0.97 (99% CI: 0.93 – 1.00) in the cross-sectional analysis, and at 1.08 (99% CI: 0.98 – 1.19) in the prospective analysis. The difference in SBP among workers with versus without heavy occupational lifting was estimated at -0.29 mmHg (99% CI -0.82 – 0.25) in the cross-sectional and at 1.02 mmHg (99% CI -0.41 – 2.45) in the prospective analysis. No significant interaction between heavy occupational lifting and age, nor the use of anti-hypertensives were shown. ConclusionsOnly the prospective analysis indicated heavy occupational lifting to increase the risk of hypertension. Further research on the association between occupational lifting and hypertension is needed.
Genome evolution during bread wheat formation unveiled by the distribution dynamics of SSR sequences on chromosomes using FISH
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Fan Chengming , Chen Yuhong , Wang Richard R.-C. , Zhang Xiangqi , Han Fangpu , Hu Zanmin
Published: December 2020

Background: During the bread wheat speciation by polyploidization, a series of genome rearrangement and sequence recombination occurred. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences, predominately located in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes, are the effective marker for tracing the genomic DNA sequence variations. However, to date the distribution dynamics of SSRs on chromosomes of bread wheat and its donors, including diploid and tetraploid Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum ssp. dicocoides, reflecting the genome evolution events during bread wheat formation had not been comprehensively investigated.Results: The genome evolution was studied by comprehensively comparing the distribution patterns of (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in bread wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring and its progenitors T. urartu, A. speltoides, Ae. tauschii, wild tetroploid emmer wheat T. dicocoides, and cultivated emmer wheat T. dicoccum. Results indicated that there are specific distribution patterns in different chromosomes from different species for each SSRs. They provided efficient visible markers for identification of some individual chromosomes and SSR sequence evolution tracing from the diploid progenitors to hexaploid wheat. During wheat speciation, the SSR sequence expansion occurred predominately in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of B genome chromosomes accompanied by little expansion and elimination on other chromosomes. This result indicated that the B genome might be more sensitive to the “genome shock” and more changeable during wheat polyplodization.Conclusions: During the bread wheat evolution, SSRs including (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in B genome displayed the greatest changes (sequence expansion) especially in centromeric and pericentromeric regions during the polyploidization from Ae. speltoides S genome, the most likely donor of B genome. This work would enable a better understanding of the wheat genome formation and evolution and reinforce the viewpoint that B genome was originated from S genome.
Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China
Authors: Dong huiling , Wu Bingyi , Wu Qunhong
Published: December 2020

Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries, but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which providing a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full-life cycle health. Methods: Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011 and 2014, this paper took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65-99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with age, gender, and income level as the control variables, and the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly was measured. The test was used to explore the differences in socio-economic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference both average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Results: (1) Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age(P<0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience(P<0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age(P<0.05), whereas the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation(P<0.05).(2) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P<0.05). Conclusions: The negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age, has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life for the elderly. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policy-making.
Fingerprinting REE mineralization and hydrothermal remobilization history of the carbonatite-alkaline complexes, Central China: Constraints from in situ elemental and isotopic analyses of phosphate minerals
Authors: Su Jian-Hui , Zhao Xin-Fu , Li Xiao-Chun , Su Zhi-Kun , Liu Rui , Qin Zhi-Jun , Chen Mi
Published: December 2020

Carbonatites and related alkaline rocks host most REE resources. Phosphate minerals, e.g., apatite and monazite, commonly occur as the main REE-host in carbonatites and have been used for tracing magmatic and mineralization processes. Many carbonatite intrusions undergo metamorphic and/or metasomatic modification after emplacement; however, the effects of such secondary events are controversial. In this study, the Miaoya and Shaxiongdong carbonatite-alkaline complexes, in the South Qinling Belt of Central China, are selected to unravel their magmatic and hydrothermal remobilization histories. Both the complexes are accompanied by Nb-REE mineralization and contain apatite and monazite-(Ce) as the major REE carriers.

Apatite grains from the two complexes commonly show typical replacement textures related to fluid metasomatism, due to coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. The altered apatite domains, which contain abundant monazite-(Ce) inclusions or are locally surrounded by fine-grained monazite-(Ce), have average REE concentrations lower than primary apatite. These monazite-(Ce) inclusions and fine-grained monazite-(Ce) grains are proposed to have formed by the leaching REE from primary apatite grains during fluid metasomatism. A second type of monazite-(Ce), not spatially associated with apatite, shows porous textures and zoning under BSE imaging. Spot analyses of these monazite-(Ce) grains have variable U-Th-Pb ages of 210–410 Ma and show a peak age of 230 Ma, which is significantly younger than the emplacement age (440–430 Ma) but is roughly synchronous with a regionally metamorphic event related to the collision between the North China Craton and Yangtze Block along the Mianlue suture. However, in situ LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses of those grains show that they have initial Nd values same as those of magmatic apatite and whole rock. We suggest these monazite-(Ce) grains crystallized from the early Silurian carbonatites and have been partially or fully modified during a Triassic metamorphic event, partially resetting U-Pb ages over a wide range. Mass-balance calculations, based on mass proportions and the REE contents of monazite-(Ce) and apatite, demonstrate that the quantity of metasomatized early Silurian monazite-(Ce) is far higher than the proportion of monazite-(Ce) resulting from the metasomatic alteration of the apatite. Therefore, Triassic metamorphic events largely reset the U-Th-Pb isotopic system of the primary monazite-(Ce) and apatite but only had limited or local effects on REE remobilization in the carbonatite-alkaline complexes in the South Qinling Belt. Such scenarios may be widely applicable for other carbonatite and hydrothermal systems.
Alternative Approaches Applied to Inductively Coupled Plasma Techniques: Multi‑Flow and Two-Flow Calibration
Authors: Machado Raquel , Silva Ana Beatriz , Andrade Daniel , Pinheiro Fernanda , Williams Charles , Donati George , Nogueira Ana Rita , Pereira‑Filho Edenir
Published: December 2020

Multi-flow calibration (MFC) is based on monitoring the analytical signal from a single calibration standard solution at several different nebulization gas flow rates (Q), which normalizes plasma conditions and minimizes matrix effects. In the present study, MFC was evaluated, for the first time, applied to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze different and complexmatrix samples. Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined by ICP OES, while As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, and V were determined by ICP-MS. MFC results were compared with those obtained using external standard calibration (EC) for both techniques and in all cases, MFC showed equal or superior accuracy (recoveries between 80-120%) compared to EC, and lower relative standard deviation (RSDs ≤ 10%). Several tests were also performed using only two nebulization gas flows to build linear models for calibration (called two-flow calibration, TFC) and the accurate results (recoveries ranged from 80 to 110% for ICP OES and from 81 to 102% for ICP-MS) suggests that this strategy can be also applied, resulting in a method with high sample throughput.
Ardıl Baraj Yıkılmasının Mansapta Bulunan Elastik Yapı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Yapı-Sıvı Etkileşim Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: DİNÇER A. Ersin , DEMİR Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada yazarlar tarafından geliştirilen bir yapı-sıvı etkileşim yöntemi idealize edilmiş ardıl baraj yıkılması problemi için test edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda geliştirilen yöntemde, sıvı kısım yumuşatılmış tanecik hidrodinamiği (smoothed particle hydrodynamics - SPH) ile, katı kısım ise sonlu elemanlar (finite element – FE) yöntemi ile modellenmiş ve katı ile sıvı arasındaki akupaj, kontak mekanik kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı geometrideki ardıl barajlar aralarında mesafe bırakmaksızın yerleştirilmiştir. En yüksek konumdaki barajın doluluk oranındaki değişim dikkate alımıştır. Yıkılan barajların mansaptaki elastik bir yapıya etkisi hem yapının deformasyonu yönünden hem de akışkandaki basınç dağılımları yönünden test edilmiştir. Ayrıca serbest akışkan yüzeyi profilleri ve su hızı profilleri de çalışmada sunulmuştur.
Kışlık Yulaf (Avena sativa L.) Islah Materyalinde Biyolojik Verim ve Bazı Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SÖNMEZ Ali Cevat
Published: December 2020

Türkiye'de gıda ve hayvancılık sektörlerinden yulaf tanesi, samanı ve yeşil ot’una olan talep giderek artmaktadır. Bu talebi karşılamak için, Orta Anadolu ve Geçit bölgelerinin değişen koşullarına uyum sağlayabilen yüksek biyomas verimi ve istenen kalite özelliklerine sahip yeni yulaf çeşitlerine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile bölgenin bu ihtiyacını giderecek yeni kışlık yulaf çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün Eskişehir Merkez yerleşkesinde 2018-2019 ürün yılında ve yağışa bağımlı (kuru) koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Verim denemesinde bulunan 18 hat ile kontrol olarak 6 standart çeşit (Checota, Kahraman, Yeniçeri, Kırklar, Sebat ve Seydişehir) kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada genotiplerin bitki boyu (BB), yatma değeri (YD), salkım çıkarma süresi (SÇS), tane dolum süresi (TDS), fizyolojik olgunlaşma süresi (FOS), toprak yüzeyini erken kapatma (TYEK) ve biyomas verim (BV) parametreleri incelenmiş ve genotipler arası farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. Test edilen genotipler içerisinde 1 ve 9 no ’lu hatlar yüksek BV ve TYEK ile birlikte uzun BB, SÇS, TDS ve FOS özellikleri ile öne çıkarken 3, 7, 8 ve 19 no ’lu hatlar ise yüksek BV, orta seviyede BB ile birlikte orta seviyede SÇS, TDS ve FOS ’da öne çıkan hatlar olmuşlardır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre BV ile BB, FOS ve TYEK parametreleri arasında pozitif korelasyon önemli bulunmuştur.
Akdeniz Meyvesineği (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)’nin Tanımı, Dağılımı, Biyolojisi, Zararı ve Mücadele Yöntemleri
Authors: BİRCAN Burcu , KOCA A. Sami , KAÇAR Gülay
Published: December 2020

Polifag bir zararlı olan Akdeniz meyvesineği, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae), tropik ve subtropik birçok ülkede dağılım göstermektedir. C. capitata en önemli turunçgil zararlılarından biri olup elma, nar, şeftali, Trabzon hurması ve nektarin gibi bazı meyvelerde ekonomik olarak kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu zararlı, Dünya üzerinde birçok ülkede ana zararlı konumundadır. C. capitata, Türkiye karantina listesinde sıfır toleranslı zararlı tür olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu tür, ülkemizde, Doğu Akdeniz’den Kuzey Ege’ye kadar geniş bir alanda yayılış göstermektedir. Akdeniz meyvesineği, son yıllarda turunçgil üretimini ve ihracatını ciddi bir şekilde tehdit etmektedir. C. capitata ile mücadelede çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Tüm Dünya’da zararlının kontrolünde yaygın olarak biyoteknik mücadele yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çevre dostu olan kitle halinde tuzakla yakalama amacıyla farklı tuzaklardan faydalanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, Akdeniz meyvesineği’nin tanımı, yayılış alanları, konukçuları, biyo-ekolojisi, zarar şekli ve mücadelesi hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.
Fotovoltaik Güneş Paneli Sistemlerinde Maksimum Güç Noktası İzleyicisinin Verime Etkisi
Authors: BADAK Ufuk , YILDIZ Ali Bekir
Published: December 2020

Güneş enerjisi sistemlerinde, enerji dönüşümündeki verimliliğin düşük olması nedeniyle, günümüzde verimi arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Güneş enerjisi sistemlerini maksimum verimde kullanmak için, Maksimum Güç Noktası İzleyicisi (MGNİ) sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sık kullanılan bir MGNİ algoritmasının verime etkisi incelenmiştir. Matlab/Simulink ortamında güneş pili modülü ve yükselten DA–DA dönüştürücü içeren, değişken ortam koşullarında maksimum güç noktasını tespit eden bir sistem tasarlanmıştır. Bu sistem, MGNİ birimi olmadan ve MGNİ birimi olması durumda çalıştırılarak elde edilen sonuçlar ve verime etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sistem üç farklı durumda incelenmiştir. Elde edilen çıkarımlarda maksimum güç noktası izleyicisi varken birinci çalışma koşulunda verim %72.6’dan %92.95’e, ikinci çalışma durumunda verim %90.59’dan %96.43’e ve üçüncü çalışma durumunda verim %92.27’den %94.46’ya yükseldiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Kontrollü EGR Soğutma Sistem Tasarımının NOx ve BSFC Üzerine Etkisinin Uyarlamalı Sinirsel Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi (ANFIS) İle Modellenmesi ve Optimizasyonu
Authors: AKOLAŞ Halil İbrahim , KALELİ Ali Rıza
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma kapsamında dizel motorların egzoz gaz resirkülasyonu (EGR) sistemlerinde kullanılmak üzere egzoz gazlarını soğutan yenilikçi bir sistem tasarımı yapılmıştır. Tasarlanan sistemde 12 V elektrikli pompa ve fan kullanılmıştır. Bu elemanlar için ayrı ayrı PID (Oransal Integral Türev) kontrolcüler tasarlanmış ve kontrolcü parametreleri için optimizasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Emme manifolduna giren gazların miktarı ve sıcaklığı için farklı çalışma koşullarında motor NOx ve fren özgül yakıt tüketimi (brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC)) üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Veriye dayalı yöntemler kullanılarak matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir. Elde edilen matematiksel model sayesinde tasarlanan kontrol sistemi için farklı motor çalışma koşullarında referans EGR akış miktarı ve sıcaklık değeri tanımlanmıştır. Uyarlamalı Sinirsel Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi (Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)) ile tanımlanan modellerin gerçek verilerle uyumluluğu istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir.
How Do Regular Students in Inclusive Primary Schools Interpret the Term of 'Students with Special Needs'?
Authors: Wardany Ossy Firstanti
Published: December 2020

A positive perception toward the student with special needs required to build positive attitudes and behaviours in inclusive schools. The aim of this study is to determine the perception of regular students in inclusive primary schools toward students with special needs. This study is a survey and the participants are 146 regular students in inclusive primary school. The study used questionnaires. The results show that only 35% of regular students who know and can interpret the definition of the student with special needs into the text. Most students interpret based on what they see, such as a physical problem, low academic achievement or help by shadow teacher. There are still misconceptions, stereotypes, and negative perception toward students with special needs. It suggests for the teachers in inclusive school for increase disability awareness to overcome the negative perception.
First Food of the Common White-Fish (Coregonus clupeiformis, Mitch.)
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: December 2020

Reports on the food of white fish Coregonus clupeiformis, specimens obtained from a fish hatchery at three stages of early development.  Specimens were examined microscopically and by dissection.
Le français et d'autres langues dans l’éducation en Russie au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: December 2020

«Французский и другие языки в образовании в России 18 века» Статья исследует процесс изучения французского и других живых языков в частном и государственном образовании в России в 18 веке. Основные задачи этого исследования – понять, какие слои российского общества имели возможность изучать французкий и другие иностранные языки, в каких целях они это делали, кто их учил и какого уровня в освоении языков они смогли достичь в процессе обучения. Среди крупных учебных заведений, на примере которых изучается этот вопрос, – Сухопутный шляхетный кадетский корпус, Морской кадетский корпус, Московский университет и Смольный институт. В ряде случаев (Сухопутный шляхетный кадетский корпус, Морской кадетский корпус) широко привлекаются архивные материалы, которые позволяют понять, какая часть учеников этих заведений изучала французский по сравнению с немецким языком – главным конкурентом французского в России на протяжении всего 18 века, как это соотношение менялось во времени, как методики, применявшиеся в этих учебных заведениях, повлияли на изучение иностранных языков кадетами. Исследование частного образования позволяет увидеть существенные отличия между частным и государственным секторами, несмотря на то, что преподаватели в обоих случаях были, как правило, иностранного происхождения. Анализ социального состава изучавших языки в частном секторе и в дворянских учебных заведениях дает основания сделать вывод о том, что речь идет о группах, хотя и принадлежавших к дворянскому сословию, но существенно отличавшихся по своему социальному уровню. В целом публикуемое исследование позволяет, вместо стереотипных и весьма неточных представлений о дворянском франко-русском билингвизме, предложить гораздо более точную модель, учитывающую как многоязыковой характер обучения, так и сложную социальную стратификацию языковых навыков в русском обществе, и, таким образом, более точно оценить степень языковой модернизации российской элиты в 18 веке.
Towards a Complete Bibliography of V. M. Zhivov
Authors: Zitser Ernest
Published: December 2020

Составление полной библиографии научных работ В.М. Живова – это масштабное предприятие, которое, несомненно, потребует совместных усилий библиотекарей и ученых, представляющих множество различных стран и академических дисциплин. Библиография, помещаемая ниже, призвана лишь представить некоторые дополнения и исправления к “Списку научных трудов Виктора Марковича Живова,” опубликованному в Веренице литер и довести этот список с 2006 года до настоящего времени. Включение дополнительных публикаций — как перепечаток и переводов, так и оригинальных научных работ — будет полезно для будущих исследователей, особенно интересующихся направлением развития идей Живова, их влиянием и каналами их распространения. По той же причине, настоящая библиография также включает ссылки на интервью и публичные лекции Живова и его выступления на радио и телевидении, в том числе те, которые в настоящее время доступны только в Интернете. Хотя включение таких работ, как правило, размывает традиционные границы между академическими и научно-популярными публикациями, оно иллюстрирует характер современного информационного ландшафта и позволяет документировать деятельность Живова как публичного интеллектуала. Библиография, не учитывающая эти аспекты, не может претендовать на полное и достоверное отражение трудов и дней Виктора Марковича Живова.
Московский Университет: Новая страница в его истории
Authors: Ржеуцкий В. С.
Published: December 2020

Review of: История Московского университета (вторая половина XVIII века – начало XIX века). Сборник документов. Т. 1 (1754-1755). Составитель, автор вступительных статей и примечаний Д.Н. Костышин. Отв. ред. Е.Е. Рычаловский. М.: Academia, 2006;Т. 2 (1756). Составитель, автор вступительных статей и примечаний Д.Н. Костышин. Отв. ред. Е.Е. Рычаловский. М.: Academia, 2011; Т. 3 (1757). Составитель, автор вступительных статей и примечаний Д.Н. Костышин. М.: Academia, 2014.
Vasilii Petrov and The Poetics of Patronage
Authors: Golburt Luba
Published: December 2020

This article seeks to bridge the gap between sociohistorical and aesthetic readings of Russian occasional verse by arguing that patronage itself can be seen as engendering its own poetics. The author focuses on hitherto unanalyzed features of Vasilii Petrov's lyrics addressed to various patrons. The close readings of Petrov’s odes and epistles call attention to the poet’s coordinating syntax as structuring the subordinative relationships between poet and patron, and articulating discourses of friendship, community, and the public, of civic virtue, and of social and lyric interdependence. The essay ultimately arrives at a definition of the poetics of patronage, in which the poet claims agency without insisting on his autonomy (as would his successors in the Romantic period), and in which the lyric voice relies upon an other, drawing inspiration from conditions of relationship rather than isolation.
La Russie dans la presse des émigrés : Altona, Hambourg, Brunswick et Saint-Pétersbourg
Authors: Somov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена образу России, сложившемуся на страницах эмигрантской периодики, которая издавалась на Севере Европы: в Альтоне (Journal d’Altona, 1795), в Гамбурге (Le Spectateur du Nord, 1797–1802; Journal littéraire et bibliographique, 1799–1802; Le Réveil, 1798–1799; Le Censeur, 1800), Брауншвейге (L’Abeille, 1795; Mercure de France, 1800–1802). Издатель большинства этих журналов Пьер Франсуа Фош выполнял политические поручения роялистов, имел прочные связи с русским книжным рынком, неоднократно посещал Россию. Сами сотрудники были хорошо осведомлены о русских делах, некоторые из них жили в Петербурге. Журналы имели и русских корреспондентов. Редактор Le Spectateur du Nord Амабль де Бодюс привлек к сотрудничеству Н.М. Карамзина. “Русские” публикации отражают общее направление эмигрантских журналов: политика, литература, французская книжность. Они демонстрируют симпатии их авторов к России, которая изображается как держава способная восстановить порядок во Франции и в Европе. Русские власти осуществляют контроль за эмигрантскими журналами, за тем, какой образ России представлен на их страницах. В самой Российской империи издаются эмигрантский Journal littéraire de Saint-Pétersbourg (1798–1800) и официозный Journal du Nord (1807–1812), направленный против наполеоновской пропаганды, в котором сотрудничают те же самые французы. Все эти издания адресованы как эмигрантам, так и местным элитам. Эмигранты, благодаря широкому распространению французского языка, благодаря французской книготорговле прочно установленной в Европе и своей литературной деятельности, становятся посредниками в отношениях между странами, в процессе взаимодействия европейских культур.
Зыбкий образ минувшего бытия, или работа с частноправовыми актами
Authors: Кошелева Ольга Евгеньевна
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Дворяне Москвы: свадебные акты и духовные завещания петровского времени. Сост., очерки и коммент. Н.В. Козловой и А.Ю. Прокофьевой. Москва: Политическая энциклопедия, 2015. 911 с., ил.
Introduction La presse sous influence : la Russie et la presse francophone en Europe au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: December 2020

На протяжении всего XVIII в. пресса в Европе используется Россией, как и многими другими странами, в целях пропаганды. Этот тематический выпуск «Вивлиофики» рассматривает только франкоязычную прессу: в силу широчайшего распространения французского языка в Европе, число франкоязычных периодических изданий было очень значительным и эта пресса обладала большим влиянием на всем европейском континенте. По этой причине она использовалась наиболее интенсивно российскими властями. Во вступлении к этому выпуску тема политического влияния на прессу рассматривается в нескольких плоскостях. На ряде примеров, не претендующих на исчерпывающий характер, показано, какой образ России и ее государей чаще всего транслируется через франкоязычную прессу и в какой степени этот образ объясняется влиянием на нее. В последней части анализируются связи между Россией и франкоязычной прессой с целью понять, какие группы агентов и посредников можно выделить и можно ли их соотнести с властными структурами или они преследуют собственные цели.
О латыни в России, и не только
Authors: Ржеуцкий Владислав
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Ю. К. Воробьев, Латинский язык в России XVI – первой трети XIX века (культурологический аспект) (Саранск: Издательство Мордовского университета, 2015), 140 с.
О протестантских влияниях действительных и мнимых: православные катехизисы от Стефана Зизания до Феофана Прокоповича
Authors: Корзо Маргарита А
Published: December 2020

Feofan Prokopovich’s contemporaries believed that his catechetical works contained elements of Protestant

dogma. And in historiography it is commonly considered that Feofan’s theological treatises became the

channel for the penetration of Protestant dogma into Russian religious thought. Similar accusations were

addressed to some Orthodox authors of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half of the 17th

Century (Stefan Zizani and others), whose catechetical works received wide distribution in Russia and

determined the vector of development of the Russian catechetical tradition. This article analyses what specific

arguments were put forward by critics and from which theological position, and whether these accusations

testify to the actual presence of elements of Protestant dogma in the Orthodox literature of the era, or

whether we are dealing with a polemical argument.
К истории русской ботанической иллюстрации: «ученые» и «народные» травники XVI-XVIII вв.
Authors: Ипполитова Александра Борисовна
Published: December 2020

В статье дается общий обзор ботанической иллюстрации в русских рукописях XVI-XVIII вв. Это с одной стороны, переводы европейских энциклопедических естественнонаучных сочинений – «Gaerde der suntheit» Иоганна фон Кубе и «Liber de arte distillandi» Иеронима Бруншвига, и с другой стороны – «народные» травники, в которых представлен «наивный» вариант ботанической иллюстрации.

This article provides the first general overview of the botanical illustrations in Russian manuscripts between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. On the one hand, these are the translations of the European encyclopaedical works in natural sciences, such as Johann von Cube’s Gaerde der Suntheit and Hieronymus Brunschwig's Liber de arte distillandi. On the other hand, there are “folk” herbals of the eighteenth century that represent a “naive” version of botanical illustrations.
New Town, New Townspeople: Transforming Gatchina in the 1790s
Authors: Smith Alison K
Published: December 2020

On 11 November 1796, only five days after the death of Catherine II, her son and successor Paul released a decree naming two of his villages, Pavlovsk and Gatchina, towns. In an odd way, given their fraught relationship, this act echoed his mother’s past practice. She founded several hundred new towns to serve as new administrative centers for her newly formed provinces. Paul’s actions are more obscure, tied not to administrative needs but perhaps instead to a desire to glorify his own landholdings—or if not to glorify at least to increase the economic prosperity of his lands. The end results, however, followed a similar path: new towns needed new courts and new schools, new town seals and new town plans, and above all new townspeople. This article examine the process by which Gatchina, the village, was transformed into Gatchina, the town. In particular, it will focus on the establishment there of new merchant and meshchanin corporations, and of a town ratusha to oversee their management. Many of the new town’s new townspeople came from elsewhere to register there; as a result, they not only built up the town in numbers but also created a Russian space within what was an imperial periphery. This transformation shows both an effort at social organization and engineering and also the limits of those efforts when faced with individual desires.
French books of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, or “bibliothèque de cabinet” of Regent Anna Leopoldovna?
Authors: Speranskaya Natalia
Published: December 2020

In 1745, some six hundred volumes of French books were transferred from the Summer Palace, in St.

Petersburg, to the Academy of Sciences, and in 1750 returned to the court. Here, we show that three

inventories of these books have been preserved to this day, two of which contain an indication that they

had belonged to Anna Leopoldovna (in 1740-41, regent during the reign of her underage son, Emperor

Ioann Antonovich), and were later donated by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna to Ivan Ivanovitch Shuvalov.

Thus, the books described in these catalogs are not the library of Elizabeth Petrovna, as was previously

assumed, but that of Anna Leopoldovna.
Funkcje kaznodziei w nauczaniu papieży od czasu Soboru Watykańskiego II
Authors: Flak Rafał
Published: December 2020

Monografia ukazuje funkcje kaznodziei w nauczaniu papieży Jana XXIII, Pawła VI, Jana Pawła I, Jana Pawła II, Benedykta XVI i Franciszka. Praca składa się z czterech rozdziałów. Każdy z nich poświęcony jest osobnej funkcji, którą pełni kaznodzieja. Szczegółowa analiza materiału źródłowego pozwoliła zobaczyć w kaznodziei proroka, herolda, wychowawcę i ewangelizatora. Całość dysertacji wpisuje się w jedno z zasadniczych zagadnień współczesnej homiletyki.