bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Variation of ACOX1 Gene Among Different Horse Breeds Maintained in Iran
Authors: Boozarjomehri Amnieh Shayan , Hassanpour Ali , Moghaddam Sina , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The ACOX1 gene is vital for fatty acid metabolism and is linked to environmental stress and physical exertion adaptation. The p.Asp237Ser variant (rs782885985) in ACOX1 is associated with increased enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This study examined the ACOX1 polymorphism across six horse breeds in Iran: Arabian, Thoroughbred, KWPN, Caspian, Kurdish, and Turkmen. The goal was to identify differences in ACOX1 genotype distribution, potentially serving as genetic markers under selection pressure related to breed-specific traits. In a sample of 324 horses, genomic DNA was analyzed using PCR-RFLP, revealing three genotypes (TT, TG, GG). The GG genotype was most common in Kurdish and Arabian horses (86% and 70%, respectively), while the TT genotype was prevalent in Turkmen (24%) and Thoroughbred horses (23%). The T allele’s frequency in Thoroughbred and Turkmen horses suggests that ACOX1 may be under selection pressure for phenotypic traits. Differences in genotype distribution were confirmed among breeds, with no sex-based association. The study concludes that ACOX1 is a potential genetic marker for horse performance and adaptability, emphasizing the importance of genetic diversity in breeding programs.
Dynamic In Vitro PK/PD Infection Models for the Development and Optimisation of Antimicrobial Regimens: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wale Yalew M. , Roberts Jason A. , Sime Fekade B.
Published: December 2024

The antimicrobial concentration–time profile in humans affects antimicrobial activity, and as such, it is critical for preclinical infection models to simulate human-like dynamic concentration–time profiles for maximal translatability. This review discusses the setup, principle, and application of various dynamic in vitro PK/PD infection models commonly used in the development and optimisation of antimicrobial treatment regimens. It covers the commonly used dynamic in vitro infection models, including the one-compartment model, hollow fibre infection model, biofilm model, bladder infection model, and aspergillus infection model. It summarises the mathematical methods for the simulation of the pharmacokinetic profile of single or multiple antimicrobials when using the serial or parallel configurations of in vitro systems. Dynamic in vitro models offer reliable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data to help define the initial dosing regimens of new antimicrobials that can be developed further in clinical trials. They can also help in the optimisation of dosing regimens for existing antimicrobials, especially in the presence of emerging antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, dynamic in vitro infection models replicate the interactions that occur between microorganisms and dynamic antimicrobial exposures in the human body to generate data highly predictive of the clinical efficacy. They are particularly useful for the development new treatment strategies against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Dietary Strategies to Mitigate Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights into Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Supplementation with Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis Cross-Talk
Authors: Ngah Wan Zurinah Wan , Ahmad Hajar Fauzan , Ankasha Sheril June , Makpol Suzana , Tooyama Ikuo
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by deterioration in cognitive function and neuronal death, is the most prevalent age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinical and experimental research has revealed that gut microbiota dysbiosis may be present in AD patients. The changed gut microbiota affects brain function and behavior through several mechanisms, including tau phosphorylation and increased amyloid deposits, neuroinflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and persistent oxidative stress. The lack of effective treatments to halt or reverse the progression of this disease has prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools. Modulation of the gut microbiota may be a promising strategy in this regard. This review aims to determine whether specific dietary interventions, particularly antioxidant vitamins, either obtained from the diet or as supplements, may support the formation of beneficial microbiota in order to prevent AD development by contributing to the systemic reduction of chronic inflammation or by acting locally in the gut. Understanding their roles would be beneficial as it may have the potential to be used as a future therapy option for AD patients.
Deciphering the Liaison Between Fine Particulate Matter Pollution, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Lee Chiang-Wen , Chiang Yao-Chang , Vo Thi Thuy Tien , Lin Zih-Chan , Chi Miao-Ching , Fang Mei-Ling , Peng Kuo-Ti , Tsai Ming-Horng , Lee I-Ta
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent cancer in men worldwide, is projected to rise in the coming years. As emerging data indicate the carcinogenic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in lung cancer and other site-specific cancers, there is an urgent need to evaluate the relationship between this environmental risk factor and PCa as a potential target for intervention. The present review provides up-to-date evidence about the impact of airborne PM2.5 pollution on the initiation and progression of PCa. Examining the composition and characteristics of PM2.5 reveals its ability to induce toxic effects, inflammatory injuries, and oxidative damages. Additionally, PM2.5 can attach to endocrine-disrupting chemicals implicated in prostatic carcinogenesis. Considering the potential significance of oxidative stress in the risk of the disease, our review underlines the protective strategies, such as antioxidant-based approaches, for individuals exposed to increased PM2.5 levels. Moreover, the findings call for further research to understand the associations and mechanisms linking PM2.5 exposure to PCa risk as well as to suggest appropriate measures by policymakers, scientific researchers, and healthcare professionals in order to address this global health issue.
Assessing Ammonia (NH₃) Emissions, Precursor Gas (SO2, NOx) Concentrations, and Source Contributions to Atmospheric PM2.5 from a Commercial Manure Composting Facility
Authors: Lee Sang-Ryong , Kim Gyuwon
Published: December 2024

Increased ammonia (NH3) emissions from intensive agriculture negatively affect environmental and ecosystem health, contributing to formation of particulate matter (PM) and the potent greenhouse gas, N2O. Better understanding NH3 emissions from the manure composting process and their behavior as a constituent of the atmospheric aerosol load is a crucial element in creating better farm management systems, improving public health outcomes, and mitigating the broader environmental and climatic impacts of agriculture. Retarded generation of PM with a major constituent source of NH3 is a primary mechanism for evaluating the effects of agricultural contribution to PM. This study aimed to quantify NH3 emissions, examine the influence of environmental factors, and investigate the relationship between precursor gases (SO2, NOx, NH3) and PM2.5 at a modern manure composting facility in Paju, South Korea. Over 35 days, average internal concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NOx were significantly higher than external levels. NH3 concentrations reached 3.64 ± 0.06 mg m−3 at 3 m height and 2.43 ± 0.16 mg m−3 at ground level, while the total NH3 flux from the facility was 24.47 ± 1.39 NH3-N kg d−1. Internal PM2.5 concentrations (36.9 ± 2.6 µg m−3) were about 50% higher than external levels (23.7 ± 2 µg m−3), with a moderate correlation (r = 0.341) suggesting some contribution of external PM2.5 to internal levels. Despite large quantities of internal emissions, the facility’s sealed design with a negative pressure ventilation system effectively minimized external emissions. These results suggest that while manure composting facilities are significant sources of NH3 and PM2.5, advanced systems like high-volume ventilation and scrubbing technologies can effectively reduce their impact on regional air pollution, contributing to better environmental management in agriculture.
Accuracy of Different Systems of Guided Implant Surgery and Methods for Quantification: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marquez Bautista Nataly , Meniz-García Cristina , López-Carriches Carmen , Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann Jorge , Madrigal Martínez-Pereda Cristina
Published: December 2024

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the scientific literature on the accuracy of guided implant surgery and the methods used for its quantification. Two reviewers searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles published before 2023. Two methodological quality-assessment tools were used to assess the quality of the studies included. Inter-investigator reliability was verified using kappa statistics. Twenty-three clinical studies out of the 3299 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria. The “radiographic matching method” and “digital registration method” were used to assess accuracy in guided surgery. The mean angular, coronal, and apical deviations of mucosa-supported guides ranged from 2.7° to 5.14°, 0.87 mm to 2.05 mm, and 1.08 mm to 2.28 mm, respectively. With bone-supported guides, these ranged from 2.49° to 5.08°, 0.71 mm to 1.60, and 0.77 mm to 1.65 mm, respectively. In tooth-supported guides, deviations were from 2.5° to 5.62°, 0.39 mm to 1.63 mm and 0.28 mm, and 1.84 mm, respectively. Regardless of the evaluation method, all systems exhibit some error. The minimum and maximum deviation ranges found between the planned and placed implants show that, although deviations occur, guided surgery is not far from accurate.
Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Role of Serological Profiles Versus Minor Salivary Gland Histopathology
Authors: Uddin Shahad , Holm Håkon , Rahel Arian , Skarstein Kathrine , Jensen Janicke Liaaen , Hynne Håvard
Published: December 2024

Between the years 2008 and 2023, 306 patients were referred to the Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, for salivary gland biopsy after clinical suspicion of Sjögren’s syndrome. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between serology and minor salivary gland histopathology by stratifying patients according to serology features (negative, single, or double seropositivity according to anti-SSA and anti-SSB), focus score (FS, negative, or actual score), and germinal centers (GCs). Information was collected from referrals and visits. Collected information included oral and ocular dryness symptoms, sialometry, Schirmer I test, histopathological analysis, and serological findings. Patients were classified using the 2002 American European Consensus Group classification criteria and were stratified into seven subgroups according to their serological profiles and FS, which were compared. The majority of patients were females, and the most frequently referred age group was 50–59 years of age. Most patients had both oral and ocular symptoms. Seropositive patients had higher median FS compared to seronegative patients. Double-seropositive patients had significantly higher median FS compared to single-seropositive patients. The results indicated that anti-SSB together with anti-SSA plays a role in disease severity in the salivary glands. In addition to anti-SSA, anti-SSB should be routinely evaluated as a possible predictor of the severity of inflammatory destruction in the salivary gland tissue.
A Multi-Mode Recognition Method for Broadband Oscillation Based on Compressed Sensing and EEMD
Authors: Gao Jinggeng , Xu Honglei , Yang Yong , Niu Haoming , Liang Jinping , Dong Haiying
Published: December 2024

In power systems, the application of wind power generation equipment and power electronic devices leads to an increased frequency of broadband oscillation events, and the detection of oscillation information becomes extremely difficult, due to the limitations of communication bandwidth and the sampling theorem. To ensure the safety and stability of a power system, this paper presents a new recognition method of broadband oscillation information, which combines compressed sensing (CS) technology and an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm to solve the problem of wideband oscillation recognition. Firstly, the broadband oscillation signal data collected by the phasor measuring unit (PMU) is compressed and sampled by a Gaussian random matrix in the substation, then the low-dimensional data obtained is uploaded to the main station. Secondly, in the main station, the subspace pursuit (SP) algorithm is used to reconstruct the low-dimensional signal; the broadband oscillation signal is recovered without losing the main features of the signal. Finally, we use the EEMD algorithm to decompose the reconstructed signal; the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components containing wideband oscillation information are screened by the energy coefficient, and the wideband oscillation information is identified.
Effect of Alkaline Extraction–Isoelectric Precipitation and Salt-Assisted Extraction on Physicochemical and Techno-Functional Properties of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Proteins
Authors: Zozo Bongisiwe , Wicht Merrill , van Wyk Jessy
Published: December 2024

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae are an increasingly popular source of protein in the food industry, and they are showing great potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources. However, to fully utilize the potential of insect protein as food, it is important to improve their functional characteristics. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly examine the influence of alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation methods assisted by salting-in (NaCl) and salting-out ((NH4)2SO4) techniques on the functional properties of BSF larvae proteins. The physicochemical and techno−functional properties of the proteins were determined. The addition of (NH4)2SO4 significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the solubility of protein, particularly at pH 2, suggesting its potential applicability in acidic food systems. Surface hydrophobicity was modulated by salt treatment, with salting-out methods reducing hydrophobicity and affecting protein functionality. The correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) between the various functional properties, emphasizing their interconnected nature. Foam capacity and foam stability showed a positive relationship with protein solubility at pH 4 (r = 0.88, p < 0.05; r = 0.74, p < 0.01, respectively). These findings imply the potential use of BSF larvae proteins in food formulations, especially considering the positive correlations observed between emulsification properties, solubility, and surface hydrophobicity. The identified correlations lay the groundwork for further exploration of BSF larvae proteins as sustainable functional ingredients in food applications, aligning with growing interest in alternative protein sources for the food industry.
Post-Activation Potentiation Enhancement Response of Two Complex Training Sequences
Authors: Muñoz de la Cruz Violeta , Rodríguez-Barbero Sergio , Rodrigo-Carranza Víctor , Salinero Juan José , González-Ravé José María , González-Mohíno Fernando
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of two complex training sequences on acute post-activation potentiation enhancement in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods: Twenty-two recreationally active males performed CMJ before and 1, 4, and 8 min after two sequences of complex training conducted in reverse order, consisting of a heavy load comprising three sets of squats with a 15% velocity-loss and three sets of maximal CMJ with a 10% height-loss for the low load. Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the interaction time × condition in CMJ variables. At the individual level, 23, 9, and 32% of participants improved CMJ performance in the high loads–low loads sequence at 1, 4, and 8 min compared to the baseline, respectively. In comparison, 14%, 23%, and 27% of participants improved CMJ performance in the light loads–high loads sequence. Eight participants in each sequence did not improve CMJ performance at any time, although these participants were not the same in both sequences. Conclusions: Stronger athletes (1.65 ± 0.28 relative force) seemed to benefit more from the high loads-low loads sequence. In conclusion, there were no non-responders, as all the participants improved at some time point. The strength levels may be one of the moderating variables.
Recent Advances in the Adsorption of Different Pollutants from Wastewater Using Carbon-Based and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rezania Shahabaldin , Darajeh Negisa , Rupani Parveen Fatemeh , Mojiri Amin , Kamyab Hesam , Taghavijeloudar Mohsen
Published: December 2024

In recent years, nanomaterials have gained special attention for removing contaminants from wastewater. Nanoparticles (NPs), such as carbon-based materials and metal oxides, exhibit exceptional adsorption capacity and antimicrobial properties for wastewater treatment. Their unique properties, including reactivity, high surface area, and tunable surface functionalities, make them highly effective adsorbents. They can remove contaminants such as organics, inorganics, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and dyes by adsorption mechanisms. In this review, the effectiveness of different types of carbon-based NPs, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene-based nanoparticles (GNPs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon nanospheres (CNSs), and metal oxides, including copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (Fe2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and silver oxide (Ag2O), in the removal of different contaminants from wastewater has been comprehensively evaluated. In addition, their synthesis methods, such as physical, chemical, and biological, have been described. Based on the findings, CNPs can remove 75 to 90% of pollutants within two hours, while MONPs can remove 60% to 99% of dye in 150 min, except iron oxide NPs. For future studies, the integration of NPs into existing treatment systems and the development of novel nanomaterials are recommended. Hence, the potential of NPs is promising, but challenges related to their environmental impact and their toxicity must be considered.
Variability of Interpolation Errors and Mutual Enhancement of Different Interpolation Methods
Authors: He Yunxia , Luo Mingliang , Yang Hui , Bai Leichao , Chen Zhongsheng
Published: December 2024

Data interpolation methods are important statistical analysis tools that can fill in data gaps and missing areas by predicting and estimating unknown data points, thereby improving the accuracy and credibility of data analysis and research. Different interpolation methods are widely used in related fields, but the error between different interpolation methods and their interpolation fusion optimization have a significant impact on the interpolation accuracy, which still deserves further exploration. This study is based on two different types of point data: PM2.5 (PM2.5 refers to particulate matter in the atmosphere with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less, also known as inhalable particles or fine particulate matter) in Xinyang City, Henan Province, and the elevation of typical gullies in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province. Using relative difference coefficients and hotspot analysis methods, the differences in error characteristics among four interpolation methods, ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), inverse distance weighted (IDW), and radial basis functions (RBFs), were compared, and the influence of interpolation fusion methods on the accuracy of interpolation results was explored. The results show that after interpolation of PM2.5 concentration and gully elevation, the error difference between OK and UK is the smallest in both datasets. For PM2.5 concentration data, IDW and UK interpolation errors have the largest difference; for elevation data, the differences between RBF and UK interpolation are the largest. The weighted fusion results show that the interpolation error accuracy of PM2.5 concentration data with an interpolation point density of 0.009 points per square kilometer is improved, and the root mean square error (RMSE) after fusion is reduced from 0.374 μg/m3 to 0.004 μg/m3. However, the error accuracy of the elevation data of the gully with an interpolation point density of 0.76 points/m2 did not improve significantly. This indicates that characteristics such as the density of the original data are important factors that affect the accuracy of interpolation. In the case of sparse interpolation points, it is possible to consider fusing the interpolation results with different error patterns to improve their accuracy. This study provides a new idea for improving the accuracy of interpolation errors.
Peptides and Their Mechanisms of Action in the Skin
Authors: Waszkielewicz Anna Maria , Mirosław Kaja
Published: December 2024

The skin, the largest organ of the human body, not only has a protective function, but also plays a key role in aesthetics and health [...]
Development of an Original Integrated System for Heat Recovery from Coolant in the Machining Process and Investigation of Its Efficiency
Authors: Şahin Osman , Karayel Durmuş
Published: December 2024

When a comparison is made between production methods, it will be seen that a significant amount of energy is consumed in machining processes and a large part of this energy is lost as waste heat. This is an important risk factor for both energy efficiency and environmental protection. During metalworking, a very high level of heat is generated at the cutting tool–workpiece interface. We have conducted a comprehensive literature study on this subject, but so far, no study has been found on the recovery of the heat generated in machining processes. Therefore, the aim and motivation of this study is to recover this waste heat to a certain extent. For this purpose, a comprehensive coolant temperature control and heat recovery system has been developed. This system, which was produced as a prototype, can be easily integrated into the machine tool and automatically adjust the coolant temperature to a certain constant temperature level and maintain this temperature value throughout the process. More importantly, it recovers the heat energy taken from the coolant and makes it useful. On the other hand, although it is not the subject of this study, cutting performance increases, coolant consumption decreases and tool life is extended with the cooling of the coolant. Thus, environmental risks are also reduced. Also, the efficiency and economic feasibility of the developed system were also examined. For this purpose, the energy amount consumed by the developed system and the machine tool were measured separately, and the total energy consumed was determined. Then, the consumed and recovered energy amounts were compared, and it was seen that the amount of energy recovered was more than the total amount of energy consumed. When the decrease in coolant and cutting-tool consumption is also taken into account compared to the classical cooling system, it is understood that the amortization period of the developed system is quite low. On the other hand, optimum conditions were investigated in order to provide maximum energy recovery. For this purpose, experiments were carried out by drilling 2592 holes on 27 samples, 96 holes in each sample, by taking the coolant solution ratio, cutting speed, and feed rate as variable parameters. The experimental results were evaluated using the Taguchi method. It has been observed that the system can be easily adapted to other machining processes, such as turning and milling, and that it has a high potential to increase energy efficiency and prevent environmental risks in this area.
The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Ropek Dariusz Roman , Frączek Krzysztof , Pawlak Krzysztof , Bulski Karol , Ludwiczak Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Background: The rapid development of mobile communication has caused an increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions in the environment. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of EMFs on microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the study was the determine the effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields on the entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea, and Metarhizium anisopliae. Methods: The entomopathogenic fungi developed under exposure to an EMF for seven days. After the termination of exposure, the linear colony growth, sporulation, gemination, and pathogenicity of the EPFs were investigated. Results: The effect of EMFs on B. bassiana, C. fumosorosea, and M. anisopliae depended on the EMF frequency and the tested fungus species. Exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the growth of the mycelium and the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi, whereas the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited sporulation and spore germination. Conclusions: The exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the development of the mycelium of all tested species and the pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea. The sporulation and germ tube length of the entomopathogenic fungi were stimulated by the 900 MHz frequency. The 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited the sporulation and spore germination of B. bassiana.
Experimental Analysis on Hybrid Polymer Gears Produced with Fused Deposition Modeling Method: Thermal Behavior and Wear
Authors: Šuljić Igor , Tvrdić Vjekoslav , Perkušić Milan , Vrljičak Ivan
Published: December 2024

In this study, an experimental analysis of the thermal behavior and wear of polymer and hybrid polymer gears produced with the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method was performed. Compared to conventional polymer gear manufacturing methods, the FDM process represents an energy-efficient material forming method. The low thermal conductivity of polymer gears has an impact on heating, which limits their application. The novelty of this research is an experimental analysis on hybrid polymer gears, and, for this purpose, a new hybrid polymer gear design with aluminum and steel inserts has been proposed. An in-house-developed non-mechanically closed-loop test rig was used to investigate Polyamide (PA) gears under different loads. An accelerated step load test procedure was employed, while the gears’ bulk temperature was recorded with a thermal imaging camera. The print quality affected the tooth flank surface roughness, so polymer gears with two different print qualities were initially produced. Hybrid polymer gears were produced with a higher print quality, since the print quality had an influence on the heating and wear. The correlation between the bulk temperature and wear was observed for all of the tested gears. A novel design of hybrid polymer gears with aluminum inserts achieved up to a 9 °C (17%) lower bulk temperature and a higher wear resistance.
Acrylamide Contamination, Shelf-Life and Sensory Properties of Puffed Potato Starch Chips Deep-Fried in Rapeseed Oil-Based Oleogels
Authors: Onacik-Gür Sylwia , Ptasznik Stanisław , Zbikowska Anna , Marciniak-Lukasiak Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The utilization of oleogels as a frying medium has been studied in recent years. In this research, rapeseed oil structured by rice bran wax (RW) and beeswax (BW) was used as a frying medium for the production of puffed potato starch chips. Chips and their lipid fractions were analyzed for their changes in quality during 9 weeks of storage. It was observed that the addition of beeswax contributed to the increase in the acid value of the puffed chips’ lipid fraction. The level of unsaturated fatty acids decreased in all fried products; however, the lowest changes were observed for products fried in RW oleogel. The presence of waxes slowed down oxidation which was indicated by the lowering of the peroxide value from 67.84 (for rapeseed oil) to 52.62 meq O2/kg (BW oleogel) at the end of storage. A similar situation was observed in the case of changes in the hardness and water activity of puffed chips. The addition of waxes to the frying medium contributed to a significant reduction in oil uptake in the puffed chips, where products fried in oil with RW fat were 17.7% lower than the control sample. The addition of BW 5 g/1 L of frying oil can increase the acrylamide content from 57 μg/kg for rapeseed oil to 97 μg/kg. Sensory evaluation of the puffed chips showed no statistically significant differences between products fried in oil with or without the addition of waxes.
The Development of Fruit and Vegetal Probiotic Beverages Using Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 from Table Olives
Authors: Lopez-Toledano Azahara , Moyano Lourdes , Arroyo-López Francisco Noé , Martinez-Merina Paola , Bohoyo-Gil Diego , Romero-Gil Veronica , Martin-Arranz Virginia , Varo M. Angeles
Published: December 2024

Plant-based foods can be an alternative to dairy products as a source of probiotic microorganisms, especially aimed at lactose-intolerant people. In this work, four new formulations based on the mixture of fruits and vegetables with the addition of a unique probiotic strain (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1) obtained from the olive industry were developed. Moreover, the nutritional profile, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristics of the beverages produced were studied. The results showed that it is possible to reach an average probiotic count of 6.45 log10 CFU/mL at 52 days of storage at 4 °C without the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, fungi/molds, or Staphylococcus, Listeria, or Salmonella spp. On the other hand, the beverages developed could be classified as high-value-added functional beverages due to their high antioxidant capacity of up to 33% DPPH inhibition, considerable total polyphenol content higher than 0.5 g gallic acid/L, and adequate nutritional composition. Additionally, sensory analysis via flash profile, acceptance, and affective test revealed that all probiotic beverages were appropriate in terms of odor, taste, and color, rendering them market ready to drink.
The Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval from Wide-Swath Imaging of DaQi-1 over Beijing
Authors: Wang Zhongting , Zhang Ruijie , Chen Ruizhi , Chen Hui
Published: December 2024

The Wide-Swath Imaging (WSI) sensor is a Chinese satellite launched in 2022, capable of providing data at resolutions ranging from 75 to 600 m for monitoring aerosols, fire points, and dust, among other uses. In this study, we developed a Dark Dense Vegetation method to retrieve the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) quickly from WSI 600 m data. First, after splitting into three types according to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we calculated the empirical parameters of land reflectance between the red (0.65 μm) and blue (0.47 μm) channels using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance products over the Beijing area. Second, the decrease in the NDVI was simulated and analyzed under different AODs and solar zenith angles, and we introduced an iterative inversion approach to account for it. The simulation retrievals demonstrated that the iterative inversion produced accurate results after less than four iterations. Thirdly, we utilized the atmospherically corrected NDVI for dark target identification and output the AOD result. Finally, retrieval experiments were conducted using WSI 600 m data collected over Beijing in 2023. The retrieved AOD images highlighted two air pollution events occurring during 3–8 March and 27–31 October 2023. The inversion results in 2023 showed a strong correlation with Aerosol Robotic Network station data (the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9). Our method exhibited greater accuracy than the MODIS aerosol product, though it was less accurate than the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction product.
Enhancing Heart Rate-Based Estimation of Energy Expenditure and Exercise Intensity in Patients Post Stroke
Authors: Cataldo Anna Roto , Fei Jie , Hutchinson Karen J. , Sloutsky Regina , Starr Julie , De Rossi Stefano M. M. , Awad Louis N.
Published: December 2024

Background: Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard field-testing technique for measuring energy expenditure and exercise intensity based on the volume of oxygen consumed (VO2, mL O2/min). Although heart rate is often used as a proxy for VO2, heart rate-based estimates of VO2 may be inaccurate after stroke due to changes in the heart rate–VO2 relationship. Our objective was to evaluate in people post stroke the accuracy of using heart rate to estimate relative walking VO2 (wVO2) and classify exercise intensity. Moreover, we sought to determine if estimation accuracy could be improved by including clinical variables related to patients’ function and health in the estimation. Methods: Sixteen individuals post stroke completed treadmill walking exercises with concurrent indirect calorimetry and heart rate monitoring. Using 70% of the data, forward selection regression with repeated k-fold cross-validation was used to build wVO2 estimation equations that use heart rate alone and together with clinical variables available at the point-of-care (i.e., BMI, age, sex, and comfortable walking speed). The remaining 30% of the data were used to evaluate accuracy by comparing (1) the estimated and actual wVO2 measurements and (2) the exercise intensity classifications based on metabolic equivalents (METs) calculated using the estimated and actual wVO2 measurements. Results: Heart rate-based wVO2 estimates were inaccurate (MAE = 3.11 mL O2/kg/min) and unreliable (ICC = 0.68). Incorporating BMI, age, and sex in the estimation resulted in improvements in accuracy (MAE Δ: −36.01%, MAE = 1.99 mL O2/kg/min) and reliability (ICC Δ: +20, ICC = 0.88). Improved exercise intensity classifications were also observed, with higher accuracy (Δ: +29.85%, from 0.67 to 0.87), kappa (Δ: +108.33%, from 0.36 to 0.75), sensitivity (Δ: +30.43%, from 0.46 to 0.60), and specificity (Δ: +17.95%, from 0.78 to 0.92). Conclusions: In people post stroke, heart rate-based wVO2 estimations are inaccurate but can be substantially improved by incorporating clinical variables readily available at the point of care.
Polymorphisms of KCNJ6 Gene and Their Correlation with Immune Indicators in Yaks (Bos grunniens)
Authors: Ren Wenwen , Ma Xiaoming , Yu Daoning , Wu Xiaoyun , La Yongfu , Guo Xian , Chu Min , Yan Ping , Lan Xianyong , Liang Chunnian
Published: December 2024

Yaks are crucial to local herders’ economy and agriculture. However, several diseases pose a significant threat to the health of yaks and cause substantial economic losses for herders. Therefore, studying the immune indicators and breeding of yaks has become an important task. This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel 2 (KCNJ6, GIRK2) gene and yak immune indicators, with the goal of identifying potential candidate molecular markers for yak breeding. In this study, we genotyped 192 healthy adult yaks and detected three SNPs (g163684421 C > T, g163688148 C > T, and g163690745 T > C) in the yak KCNJ6 gene. These SNPs were found to be distributed in the yak population. Subsequently, we performed a linkage disequilibrium analysis and found that the linkage disequilibrium levels of g163684421 C > T and g163690745 T > C were relatively high. Through a correlation analysis of yak KCNJ6 gene SNPs and immune indicators, we found that g163684421 C > T and g163690745 T > C were significantly associated with IgA, IgG, IgM, CRP, HP, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (p < 0.05), and the mutation of these SNPs leads to a decrease in yak immune indicators. On the other hand, g163688148 C > T was significantly associated with IgG, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IgA, CRP, and HP (p < 0.05), and the mutation of this SNP leads to an increase in yak immune indicators. In conclusion, we identified SNPs associated with yak immune indicators and found that KCNJ6 gene polymorphisms can serve as candidate molecular markers for yak immune indicators. This study provides valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted selection in yak breeding. The results of this study are of great importance for the research on yak immune indicators and marker-assisted selection in yak breeding.
Blood Lipid Polygenic Risk Score Development and Application for Atherosclerosis Ultrasound Parameters
Authors: Zaicenoka Marija , Ershova Alexandra I. , Kiseleva Anna V. , Blokhina Anastasia V. , Kutsenko Vladimir A. , Sotnikova Evgeniia A. , Zharikova Anastasia A. , Vyatkin Yuri V. , Pokrovskaya Maria S. , Shalnova Svetlana A. , Ramensky Vasily E. , Meshkov Alexey N. , Drapkina Oxana M.
Published: December 2024

Background: The present study investigates the feasibility of using three previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results on blood lipids to develop polygenic risk scores (PRS) for population samples from the European part of the Russian Federation. Methods: Two population samples were used in the study – one from the Ivanovo region (n = 1673) and one from the Vologda region (n = 817). We investigated three distinct approaches to PRS development: using the straightforward PRS approach with original effect sizes and fine-tuning with PRSice-2 and LDpred2. Results: In total, we constructed 56 PRS scales related to four lipid phenotypes: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Compared with previous results for the Russian population, we achieved an additional R2 increase of 2–4%, depending on the approach and lipid phenotype studied. Overall, the R2 PRS estimates approached those described for other populations. We also evaluated the clinical utility of blood lipid PRS for predicting carotid and femoral artery atherosclerosis. Specifically, we found that PRS for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were positively correlated with ultrasound parameters of carotid and femoral artery atherosclerosis (ρ = 0.09–0.13, p < 0.001), whereas PRS for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were inversely correlated with the number of plaques in the femoral arteries (ρ = −0.08, p = 8.71 × 10−3). Conclusions: PRS fine-tuning using PRSice-2 add LDpred2 improves the performance of blood lipid PRS. Our study demonstrates the potential for further use of blood lipid PRS for prediction of atherosclerosis risk.
Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0
Authors: Capela e Silva Fernando , Lamy Elsa , Castelo Paula Midori
Published: December 2024

The oral cavity constitutes a unique and complex system and environment [...]
Long-Term Changes in Bird Communities in the Urban Parks of Mar del Plata City, Argentina
Authors: Galiano Lourdes , Leveau Carlos M. , Leveau Lucas M.
Published: December 2024

Urbanization is related to the loss of biodiversity and alteration of ecosystem processes. However, long-term changes in the southern hemisphere’s bird communities have been scarcely analyzed in urban areas. The general objective of this work was to analyze changes in bird species richness, diversity, and composition in parks located in the urban and suburban landscapes of Mar del Plata City (Argentina) between 2003 and 2018. Additionally, we aimed to analyze whether these changes were associated with an increase in urbanization or with alterations in the parks’ habitat structure. Tree cover showed significantly lower coverage during 2018. The results showed increased species richness and diversity in all parks by 2018. Rarefaction curves showed that the park bird richness did not differ between the landscapes surrounding parks, but the Shannon and Simpson diversities were higher in parks in suburban landscapes than in parks in urban landscapes. The Shannon and Simpson diversities showed higher values in suburban parks during 2018. However, the diversity values were similar between years in parks in urban landscapes. The species composition was significantly different between landscapes and years. Species turnover was the most predominant pattern of species dissimilarity between landscapes, and species nestedness explained the most dissimilarity between years. Nestedness between years was related to the population increase in many bird species in 2018. In conclusion, we observed differences in the park bird communities between years and landscape types. However, the long-term community changes were not associated with an urbanization increase. Instead, the changes in the local bird community were more related to regional bird species population changes associated with climate warming and increased crop cover.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Roof Insulation Strategies for Decarbonizing Commercial and Residential Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Zaidi Nur Haziqah , Ashhar Muhamad Zahin Mohd , Lim Chin Haw
Published: December 2024

Building energy consumption in Malaysia has increased by 31% over the past 10 years, primarily driven by the high demand for air conditioning in response to the country’s hot and humid climate. An effective way to address this problem is to increase building energy efficiency with the aid of thermal insulation. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of roof assembly retrofits for commercial and residential buildings in Malaysia. Various roof configurations incorporating insulation materials such as radiant barriers, reflective insulation, mineral glass wool, and stone wool are investigated. The first section of this paper details the use of Sefaira building energy simulation software to evaluate the annual reduction in cooling energy consumption achieved by various roof configurations for commercial and residential buildings. Subsequently, an economic analysis is conducted by calculating the internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period for investment in each type of roof configuration. The findings show that roof assembly retrofits can reduce annual cooling energy consumption in commercial buildings by 8.65% to 16.25% and in residential buildings by 11.1% to 13.8%. Additionally, the total annual energy consumption decreases by 4.70% to 8.83% for commercial buildings, such as hypermarkets, and by 4.10% to 6.10% for residential buildings, depending on the insulation system applied. The economic analysis shows that the roof assembly insulated with a radiant barrier and thick enclosed air gap is the most economically beneficial option, offering the highest IRR of 20.60% and 6.79% for commercial and residential buildings, respectively, and the shortest payback periods of 4.6 years and 11.2 years, respectively. These results provide valuable insights to guide building owners and designers in choosing the most cost-effective type of roof insulation for new or existing projects.
TCF12 and LncRNA MALAT1 Cooperatively Harness High Cyclin D1 but Low β-Catenin Gene Expression to Exacerbate Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Independently of Metastasis
Authors: Wu Chia-Ming , Chen Chung-Hsing , Tsai Kuo-Wang , Tan Mei-Chen , Tsai Fang-Yu , Jiang Shih-Sheng , Chen Shang-Hung , Chen Wei-Shone , Wang Horng-Dar , Huang Tze-Sing
Published: December 2024

Metastasis is a well-known factor worsening colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis, but mortality mechanisms in non-metastatic patients with poor outcomes are less understood. TCF12 is a transcription factor that can be physically associated with the long non-coding RNA MALAT1, creating an alliance with correlated expression levels in CRC patients. This TCF12–MALAT1 alliance is linked to poorer prognosis independently of age and metastasis. To identify the downstream effects responsible for this outcome, we analyzed 2312 common target genes of TCF12 and MALAT1, finding involvement in pathways like Aurora B, ATM, PLK1, and non-canonical WNT. We investigated the impact of WNT downstream genes CTNNB1 and CCND1, encoding β-catenin and cyclin D1, respectively, on survival in CRC patients with this alliance. Tumors with higher TCF12 and MALAT1 gene expressions alongside increased β-catenin gene expressions were classified as having a “Pan-CMS-2 pattern”, showing relatively better prognoses. Conversely, tumors with high TCF12, MALAT1, and cyclin D1 gene expressions but low β-catenin expression were categorized as “TMBC pattern”, associated with poor survival, with survival rates dropping sharply from 60% at one year to 30% at three years. This suggests that targeting cyclin D1-associated CDK4/6 could potentially reduce early mortality risks in TMBC patients, supporting personalized medicine approaches.
Sex and Age Differences in Glucocorticoid Signaling After an Aversive Experience in Mice
Authors: Li Yun , Zhang Bin , Yang Youhua , Su Ping , Samsom James Nicholas , Wong Albert H. C. , Liu Fang
Published: December 2024

Background: glucocorticoids may play an important role in the formation of fear memory, which is relevant to the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In our previous study, we showed the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) forms a protein complex with FKBP51, which prevents translocation of GR into the nucleus to affect gene expression; this complex is elevated in PTSD patients and by fear-conditioned learning in mice, and disrupting this complex blocks the storage and retrieval of fear-conditioned memories. The timing of release of glucocorticoid relative to the formation of a traumatic memory could be important in this process, and remains poorly understood. Methods and Results: we mapped serum corticosterone over time after fear conditioning in cardiac blood samples from male and female mice, as well as adult and aged mice using ELISA. We show a significant alteration in serum corticosterone after conditioning; notably, levels spike after 30 min but drop lower than unconditioned controls after 24 h. We further investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on GR phosphorylation and localization in HEK 293T cells by Western blot. Hydrocortisone treatment promotes phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of GR. Conclusions: these data contribute to our understanding of the processes linking stress responses to molecular signals and fear memory, which is relevant to understanding the shared mechanisms related to PTSD.
Evolution of Bioclimatic Belts in Spain and the Balearic Islands (1953–2022)
Authors: Lorente Christian , Corell David , Estrela María José , Miró Juan Javier , Orgambides-García David
Published: December 2024

This study examines the spatio-temporal evolution of bioclimatic belts in peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands from 1953 to 2022 using the World Bioclimatic Classification System and data from 3668 meteorological stations. Findings indicate a shift toward warmer and more arid conditions, with thermotypes showing an increase in mesomediterranean and thermomediterranean types and a decrease in mesotemperate and supratemperate types. Ombrotype analysis revealed a rise in semiarid types and a decline in humid and hyperhumid types. Significant changes occurred in climate transition zones and mountainous regions, where a process of “Mediterraneanisation”—a process characterised by the expansion of warmer and drier conditions typical of Mediterranean climates into previously temperate areas and/or an altitudinal rise in thermotypes—has been observed. The spatial variability of changes in ombrotypes was greater than that in thermotypes, with regions showing opposite trends to the general one. These results highlight the need for adaptive conservation strategies, particularly in mountainous and climate transition areas, where endemic species may face increased vulnerability due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The results of this study provide insight into how climate change is affecting bioclimatological conditions in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.