bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A parceria universidade-escola: utopia ou possibilidade de formação continuada no âmbito das políticas públicas?
Authors: NACARATO ADAIR MENDES
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar contextos de formação docente e de políticas públicas, com destaque para alguns constructos teóricos elaborados nas últimas décadas pelo campo da pesquisa educacional e o modo como eles têm sido apropriados e ressignificados pelas políticas públicas. Apresenta, ainda, recentes programas instituídos pela nova Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (nova CAPES) e relata uma pesquisa realizada em um deles, o Observatório da Educação. Os resultados desta pesquisa evidenciam a possibilidade de adesão a um desses programas e a promoção de uma parceria universidade-escola que estimule a reflexão e a criticidade dos professores quanto às políticas públicas e aos documentos prescritivos que chegam às escolas.
Public-private settlement and hospital mortality per sources of payment
Authors: Machado Juliana Pires , Martins Mônica , Leite Iuri da Costa
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if the adjusted hospital mortality varies according to source of payment of hospital admissions, legal nature, and financing settlement of hospitals. METHODS Cros-ssectional study with information source in administrative databases. Specific hospital admission reasons were selected considering the volume of hospital admissions and the list of quality indicators proposed by the North-American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Were analyzed 852,864 hospital admissions of adults, occurred in 789 hospitals between 2008 and 2010, in Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, applying multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS At hospital admission level, showed higher chances of death male patients in more advanced age groups, with comorbidity, who used intensive care unit, and had the Brazilian Unified Health System as source of payment. At the level of hospitals, in those located in the mean of the distribution, the adjusted probability of death in hospital admissions financed by plan or private was 5.0%, against 9.0% when reimbursed by the Brazilian Unified Health System. This probability increased in hospital admissions financed by the Brazilian Unified Health System in hospitals to two standard deviations above the mean, reaching 29.0%. CONCLUSIONS In addition to structural characteristics of the hospitals and the profile of the patients, interventions aimed at improving care should also consider the coverage of the population by health plans, the network shared between beneficiaries of plans and users of the Brazilian Unified Health System, the standard of care to the various sources of payment by hospitals and, most importantly, how these factors influence the clinical performance.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) after non-embolic ischemic stroke during a 12-month follow-up in Brazil
Authors: Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Machado Michel Ferreira , Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT VCI represents a spectrum of cognitive impairments associated with stroke, vascular brain injury, or subclinical disease ranging from the least to most severe manifestations. Few studies are available on the prevalence of post-stroke VCI and none have been conducted in Brazil. Objective: To determine the prevalence rates of VCI and associated risk factors in a sample of ischemic stroke patients. Methods: We evaluated 172 patients with ischemic stroke for cognitive impairment one year after ictus. Results: Patients comprised 81 women (47.1%) and had a mean age of 67.77 (7.86) years, schooling of 3.52 (2.99) years, and MMSE score of 24.94 (3.59) points. After cognitive evaluation, 4.6% were diagnosed as CIND (cognitive impairment no dementia) and 12.2% had a diagnosis of dementia (probable vascular dementia in 20 patients and one subject with cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease). Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia was lower than previous reports but our sample had a lower age than others, while a 12 month-period of follow-up prevented interference from associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shafi Tariq , Powe Neil R. , Meyer Timothy W. , Hwang Seungyoung , Hai Xin , Melamed Michal L. , Banerjee Tanushree , Coresh Josef , Hostetter Thomas H.
Published: July 2016

Cardiovascular disease causes over 50% of the deaths in dialysis patients, and the risk of death is higher in white than in black patients. The underlying mechanisms for these findings are unknown. We determined the association of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients and assessed whether this association differs by race. We measured TMAO in stored serum samples obtained 3–6 months after randomization from a total of 1232 white and black patients of the Hemodialysis Study, and analyzed the association of TMAO with cardiovascular outcomes using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders (demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, albumin, and residual kidney function). Mean age of the patients was 58 years; 35% of patients were white. TMAO concentration did not differ between whites and blacks. In whites, 2-fold higher TMAO associated with higher risk (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) of cardiac death (1.45 [1.24 to 1.69]), sudden cardiac death [1.70 (1.34 to 2.15)], first cardiovascular event (1.15 [1.01 to 1.32]), and any-cause death (1.22 [1.09 to 1.36]). In blacks, the association was nonlinear and significant only for cardiac death among patients with TMAO concentrations below the median (1.58 [1.03 to 2.44]). Compared with blacks in the same quintile, whites in the highest quintile for TMAO (≥135 μM) had a 4-fold higher risk of cardiac or sudden cardiac death and a 2-fold higher risk of any-cause death. We conclude that TMAO concentration associates with cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients but the effects differ by race.
Patterns of distribution of nine Quercus species along an environmental gradient in a fragmented landscape in central Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Romero Rafael , García-Oliva Felipe , Pineda-García Fernando , Torres Ignacio , Peña-Vega Ernesto , Ghilardi Adrian , Oyama Ken
Published: July 2016

Elucidating the factors determining plant distribution is still on discussion. It has been stated that the distribution is mostly determined by environmental factors, but the evidence on whether this or other processes are the determinants remains inconclusive. In the present study, we hypothesized that oak species differ in their distribution, which might be mostly influence by the environment. Particularly, we explored: i) the patterns of distribution of Quercus species  at a landscape scale; ii) the climatic, soil and topographic factors that might determine their distribution, and iii) the degree of association between the species within fragments. The study included the analysis of 78 oak forest fragments at the Cuitzeo lake Basin in Michoacán state, Mexico in which nine oak species were registered. The species showed clear differences in their distribution; three groups of oak species that differ significantly in their spatial arrangement were detected with a NMDS (Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) analysis. We observed a relationship between oak species distribution with temperature and precipitation. In particular, Q. candicans, Q. crassipes and Q. rugosa were frequently distributed at sites with higher rainfall and lower temperature; in contrast, Q. deserticola, Q. gentryi and Q. glaucoides were at more arid areas. We found associations between pairs of oak species; the most recurrent one was between species from the Quercus and the Lobatae sections. Overall, the pattern of distribution among oak species was determined by environmental factors, which suggests that they partition their habitat to avoid competition for resources.
Entre a Ordem e a Des(Ordem): A Construção do Território Matogrossense para/pelo Agronegócio
Authors: De Arruda Zuleika Alves
Published: July 2016

Resumo: o artigo apresenta análises a respeito da dinâmica atual da territorializacao do capital na fronteira (re)dimensionada do agronegócio mato-grossense. Aponta o papel do Estado como o principal agente viabilizador da inserção do espaço na lógica de (re)produção capitalista. Conclui-se que com a expansão da fronteira (re)dimensionada do agronegócio, o território mato-grossense, notadamente o campo, vem passando por uma reorganização espacial-produtiva decorrente da nova ordem econômica mundial com a presença de corporações agroempresariais globalizadas, que investem na produção, no financiamento, na “logística” de transporte e armazenagem, atuam no setor de beneficiamento da produção e mantêm o controle de distribuição e comercialização em diversas escalas.Palavras-chave: Fronteira. Agronegócio. Commodities agrícolas. Territorialização. Produção capitalista.
A Expansão Capitalista em Goiás: da Incipente Mineração ao Século XX
Authors: Haddad Marcos Bittar
Published: July 2016

Resumo: a economia goiana, até a década de 1920, podia ser caracterizada porsua baixa divisão social do trabalho, por seu caráter predominantemente rural, baseada na agricultura de subsistência e baixa circulação comercial e monetária. A industrialização e a modernização agrícola que ocorriam ao sul do Brasil, não chegavam a Goiás. Alguns dos motivos para que isso ocorresse era a baixa densidade populacional e a falta de estradas que deixava o estado desconectado do restante do país. Após 1930 com no intuito de promover a integração do território nacional, o Governo Federal passa a ensejar políticas, como a Marcha para o Oeste. À partir deste período Goiás foi inserido no planejamento federal. Importantes políticas vieram a seguir como a criação de Goiânia e Brasília, integrando definitivamente o território goiano ao restante do país. Todos estes processos favoreceram à expansão capitalista em Goiás, que contribuiu para transformar sua estrutura econômica, modificando o perfil produtivo através da introdução de novas formas de produzir e gerar riquezas. Por diversos fatores, Goiás foi o estado brasileiro mais beneficiado com a interiorização da indústria. Desenvolveu-se, no estado, um diversificado parque industrial complementar à industrial instalada no Sudeste do Brasil. Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar o processo ocorrido no desenvolvimento econômico deGoiás, que da fraca mineração, passou pela intensificação da pecuária, que puxou a agricultura, desencadeado, na década de 1980 o processo de industrialização.Palavras-chave: Goiás. Capitalismo. Desenvolvimento Regional.
O Jardim de Allah: Reflexões Antropológicas do Discurso Ambiental Islâmico
Authors: Goldfarb Maria Patrícia Lopes , De Souza Vanessa Karla Mota
Published: July 2016

Resumo: o presente artigo se propõe a discutir a relação entre a ecologia política e a perspectiva islâmica do cuidado com o meio-ambiente, a partir do sentido de tawid – usado como forma de compreensão e vivência plena da religião islâmica. A discussão se desdobra a partir da análise política de Moscovici, propondo um diálogo com outros autores. Palavras-chave: Meio-ambiente. Islamismo. Religião. Ecologia política. Antropologia.
Small-area Variation in Hypertension Prevalence among Black and White Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: White Kellee , Stewart John E. , Lòpez-DeFede Ana , Wilkerson Rebecca C.
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To examine within-state geographic heterogeneity in hypertension prevalence and evaluate associations between hypertension prevalence and small area contextual characteristics for Black and White South Carolina Medicaid enrollees in urban vs rural areas. 

Design: Ecological 

Setting: South Carolina, United States. 

Main Outcome Measure: Hypertension prevalence 

Methods: Data representing adult South Carolina Medicaid recipients enrolled in fiscal year 2013 (N=409,907) and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level contextual measures (racial segregation, rurality, poverty, educational attainment, unemployment and primary care physician adequacy) were linked in a spatially referenced database. Optimized Getis-Ord hotspot mapping was used to visualize geographic clustering of hypertension prevalence. Spatial regression was performed to examine the association between hypertension prevalence and small-area contextual indicators. 

Results: Significant (alpha=.05) hotspot spatial clustering patterns were similar for Blacks and Whites. Black isolation was significantly associated with hypertension among Blacks and Whites in both urban (Black, b=1.34, P<.01; White, b=.66, P<.01) and rural settings (Black, b=.71, P=.02; White, b=.70, P<.01). Primary care physician adequacy was associated with hypertension among urban Blacks (b=-2.14, P<.01) and Whites (b=-1.74, P<.01). 

Conclusions: The significant geographic overlap of hypertension prevalence hotspots for Black and White Medicaid enrollees provides an opportunity for targeted health intervention. Provider adequacy findings suggest the value of ACA network adequacy standards for Medicaid managed care plans in ensuring health care accessibility for persons with hypertension and related chronic conditions. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):331-338; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.331 
A Global Perspective on Using Implementation Research to Address Hypertension-Associated Target Organ Damage
Authors: Peprah Emmanuel , Lopez-Class Maria , Shero Susan , John-Sowah Joylene , Engelgau Michael
Published: July 2016

Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, imposes a significant public health burden and challenge to address it worldwide. Scaling up delivery of proven, effective interventions for hypertension could significantly advance the goal of reducing the global burden. Although significant progress has been made in many countries, some lament that large-scale initiatives focused on reducing blood pressure in global populations have not effectively addressed this challenge. Late-stage implementation research plays a critical role in determining effective and sustainable scale-up of these initiatives. In this article, we briefly discuss some of the global initiatives that have been funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health. Intervention delivery strategies in low resource settings must have demonstrated effectiveness and consideration for the social, cultural and physical context (eg, access, affordability, and availability of medications) in which a program is being delivered in order to be sustainable nationally and globally. Hence, the use of implementation research is central to determining sustainable delivery of evidence-based and tailored interventions focused on hypertension control. The sustained control of hypertension in global populations holds tremendous potential for reducing morbidity, premature mortality, and the adverse economic impact of cardiovascular disease in all regions. Ethn Dis. 2016; 26(3):395-398; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.3.395 
Embedded Commissioning©
Authors: Akin Omer
Published: July 2016

Embedded Commissioning (ECx) a new digital technology promises to transform capital project delivery (CPD) and its evaluation in the years to come. The primary strategy in ECx is to create an entirely new approach to building evaluation by merging building commissioning methods and information technologies into a new framework. The vision of such broad innovations must include not just new digital tools and techniques but also advances in AEC practices that utilize these innovations. We envision design and engineering practices that are in the service of sound economy, environmental conservation, improved value, greater efficiency, and satisfied occupants. CPD is no longer about competence in delivering just conventional services. Engineers and Architects have to rise to the challenges of our time and insure the best economy in providing the greatest value to stakeholders. Performance needs have to be optimized against first and lifecycle cost of designs. Value must be assessed not just for the bottom line but for other tangible (health, productivity) and intangible (comfort, happiness, recognition) stakeholders benefits. Last but not least, their products must meet the three pillars of the CPD market place: quality, cost, and  schedule.
Caleidoscópio à guisa da consolidação: Comunicação, História Oral e Tempo Presente
Authors: Soares Fagno da Silva , Rovai Marta Gouveia de Oliveira , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: July 2016

A Revista Observatório chega com vigor ao seu segundo ano inaugurando seu primeiro dossiê “Comunicação, História Oral e Tempo Presente”, que objetiva dar visibilidade a trabalhos que perscrutam temáticas diversas interseccionadas pelo viés metodológico da história oral, pela discussão do tempo presente e da comunicação, bem como por suas implicações para a historiografia. Para além disto, apresenta estudos capazes de esquadrinhar a criação de acervos audiovisuais e usos de novas mídias na realização de entrevistas e de sua publicização, numa perspectiva transdisciplinar amalgamando Comunicação, Jornalismo e Educação.
 
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Medo, política e mídia: o discurso do medo em duas eleições presidenciais
Authors: Dugnani Patricio
Published: July 2016

Nesse artigo vamos analisar a questão do medo, e o uso político do medo, comparando dois casos dessa utilização da estratégia do medo no discurso político da mídia televisiva, os quais foram efetuados em dois momentos diferentes, nas campanhas eleitorais das eleições presidenciais de 2002 e 2014. Além disso, busca-se relacionar o discurso do medo na mídia, às condições de incertezas, a busca do prazer, o consumo e o individualismo instauradas na pós-modernidade. A partir de uma análise crítica das condições sociais, pretende-se investigar como o medo, potencializado pela mídia, é capaz de produzir um efeito de alienação capaz de criar um discurso que acaba se repetindo mecanicamente, reproduzindo ações e ampliando conceitos artificiais introduzidos socialmente, produzindo, mesmo, a proliferação de preconceitos, discursos fáceis e estereotipados.
Fuzzy Autocorrelation Model with Fuzzy Confidence Intervals and its Evaluation
Authors: Yabuuchi Yoshiyuki ,   Faculty of Economics, Shimonoseki City University, Kawaura Takayuki , Watada Junzo ,   Department of Mathematics, Kansai Medical University,   World Collaborative Innovation Center of Management Engineering
Published: July 2016

Interval models based on fuzzy regression and fuzzy time-series can illustrate the possibilities of a system using the intervals in the model. Thus, the aim is to minimize the vagueness of the model in order to describe the possible states of the system. In the present study, we consider on an interval fuzzy time-series model based on a Box–Jenkins model, a fuzzy autocorrelation model proposed by Yabuuchi, and a fuzzy regressive model proposed by Ozawa. We examine two models by analyzing the Japanese national consumer price index and demonstrate that our approach improves the accuracy of predictions. The utility and predictive accuracy of fuzzy time-series models are validated using two concepts of fuzzy theory and statistics. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the fuzzy autocorrelation model with fuzzy confidence intervals.
Fuzzyc-Regression Models for Fuzzy Numbers on a Graph
Authors: Higuchi Tatsuya ,   University of Tsukuba, Miyamoto Sadaaki , Endo Yasunori
Published: July 2016

With the assumption that the vertices have numerical values. The aim of this paper is to construct regression models to estimate the values from their relationship on the graph by defining the vertex and the numerical value as an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively. Given the condition that near vertices have close values, k-Nearest Neighbor regression models (KNN) has been proposed. However, the condition is not satisfied when some near vertices have different values. To overcome such difficulty, c-regression which classify data points int o some clusters has been proposed to improve performance of regression analysis. We moreover propose new c-regression models on a graph with fuzzy numbers on vertices and show some numerical examples.
Role of Robustness Measure in Rule Induction
Authors: Ohki Motoyuki ,   Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Sekiya Eiji , Inuiguchi Masahiro
Published: July 2016

Rough set approaches provide useful tools to induce minimal decision rules from given data. Acquired minimal rules are typically used to build a classifier. However, minimal rules are sometimes used for design knowledge. Specifically, if a new object is designed to satisfy the condition of a minimal rule, it can be classified into a class suggested by the rule. Although we are interested in the goodness of the set of obtained minimal decision rules for the purpose of building a classifier, we are more interested in the goodness of an individual minimal decision rule for design knowledge. In this study, we propose robustness measures as a new type of evaluation index for decision rules. The measure evaluates the extent to which interestingness is preserved after the some conditions are removed. Four numerical experiments are conducted to examine the usefulness of robusetness measures. Decision rules selected by robustness scores are compared with those selected by recall, which is the well-known measure to select good rules. Our results reveal that a different aspect of the goodness of a rule is evaluated by the robustness measure and thus, the robustness measure acts as an independent and complementary index of recall.
Several Extended CAViaR Models and Their Applications to the VaR Forecasting of the Security Markets
Authors: Yang Xiaorong ,   College of Statistics & Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, He Chun , Chen Jie
Published: July 2016

The conditional autoregressive Value-at-Risk (CAViaR) model, as a conditional autoregressive specification for calculating the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of the security market, has been receiving more and more attentions in recent years. As asymmetry may have a significant influence on the markets and the returns may have an autoregressive mean, this study proposes some extended CAViaR models, including asymmetric indirect threshold autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (TARCH) model and indirect generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model with an autoregressive mean. We also present two types of CAViaR-Volatility models by adding the volatility term as an exogenous explanatory variable. Our empirical results indicate that extended models perform more effectively on out-of-sample predictions, as both forecasting effect and model stability have been improved. In addition, we find that the forecasting effect is better at the lower quantile (1%) than at the higher quantile (5%); a possible explanation is that extreme market information has more impact on VaR. In addition, there is negative correlation between volatility and VaR; VaR decreases as volatility increases.
Influence of the Chinese Government Subsidy Policies on Supply Chain Members’ Profits: An Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation Approach
Authors: Zhang Ran ,   School of Economic and Management, Tongji University, Lin Jie ,   School of Statistics and Information, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics
Published: July 2016

The series of subsidy policies launched by the Chinese government has affected supply chain members’ profits distribution. To explore this influence, an agent-based model was designed, and experiments were conducted under different subsidy levels. Our model focused on the ordinary business entities and their activities in the supply chain. By investigating the real world and other researchers’ studies, agent simulation class library (e.g., control agents, cooperation/collaboration agents, and fractal simulation agents) and their decision knowledge bases were designed to simulate the supply chain members’ behaviors, decision processes, and operation and production activities and behaviors. Price model, demand model and profit model under the subsidy were built to evaluate the supply chain members’ profits under different subsidy scenarios. Finally, a multi-echelon appliance supply chain model was constructed, and experiments were performed with different levels of subsidy limit. Results showed that the supply chain members’ profits increased under the government subsidy policy. The agent-based modeling and simulation method provides a novel approach to explore the impact on profit distribution.
Ethics of the Physician’s Role in Health-Care Cost Control
Authors: Bosco Joseph , Iorio Richard , Barber Thomas , Barron Chloe , Caplan Arthur
Published: July 2016

The United States health-care expenditure is rising precipitously. The Congressional Budget Office has estimated that, in 2025, at our current rate of increased spending, 25% of the gross domestic product will be allocated to health care. Our per-capita spending on health care also far exceeds that of any other industrialized country. Health-care costs must be addressed if our country is to remain competitive in the global marketplace and to maintain its financial solvency. If unchecked, the uncontrolled rise in health-care expenditures will not only affect our capacity to provide our patients with high-quality care but also threaten the ability of our nation to compete economically on the global stage. This is not hyperbole but fiscal reality.

As physicians, we are becoming increasingly familiar with the economics impacting health-care policy. Thus, we are in a unique position to control the cost of health care. This includes an increased reliance on creating and adhering to evidence-based guidelines. We can do this and still continue to respect the primacy of patient welfare and the right of patients to act in their own self-interest. However, as evidenced by the use of high-volume centers of excellence, each strategy adapted to control costs must be vetted and must be monitored for its unintended ethical consequences.

The solution to this complex problem must involve the input of all of the health-care stakeholders, including the patients, payers, and providers. Physicians ought to play a role in designing and executing a remedy. After all, we are the ones who best understand medicine and whose moral obligation is to the welfare of our patients.
Effect of Hip Reconstructive Surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life of Non-Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: DiFazio Rachel , Shore Benjamin , Vessey Judith A. , Miller Patricia E. , Snyder Brian D.
Published: July 2016

Background:

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the migration percentage (a radiographic metric quantifying hip displacement) in children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level-IV or V cerebral palsy and spastic hip dysplasia to the acetabular index and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as measured with the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) before and after reconstructive hip surgery.

Methods:

In a prospective cohort study (n = 38), the migration percentage, acetabular index, and CPCHILD scores were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis immediately before reconstructive hip surgery and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the surgery. Subgroup analysis was used to compare patients who had a preoperative migration percentage of ≥50% with those who had a preoperative migration percentage of <50% and to compare the acetabular index between patients who had a pelvic osteotomy and those who had not. Linear mixed models were used to analyze changes in the migration percentage, acetabular index, and CPCHILD scores over time.

Results:

The preoperative migration percentage negatively correlated with the preoperative CPCHILD score (r = −0.50; p = 0.002). This relationship continued throughout the follow-up period such that, for each additional 1% correction in migration percentage, the CPCHILD total score increased by 0.2 point (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the acetabular index and CPCHILD total score before or after surgery (p = 0.09 to 0.71). The preoperative CPCHILD total scores differed between the migration-percentile groups (mean difference = 13 points; 95% confidence interval = 3.3 to 22.8; p = 0.01). However, after hip surgery, the CPCHILD score improved similarly for both groups.

Conclusions:

These data support the effectiveness of reconstructive hip surgery for the treatment of spastic hip dysplasia to improve the HRQOL of non-ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy.

Level of Evidence:

Prospective Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Anatomic Midpoint of the Attachment of the Medial Patellofemoral Complex
Authors: Tanaka Miho J. , Voss Andreas , Fulkerson John P.
Published: July 2016

Background:

The medial patellofemoral ligament varies in attachment of its fibers to the patella and vastus intermedius tendon. Our aim was to identify and describe its anatomic midpoint. To account for the variability of the attachment site, we refer to it as the medial patellofemoral complex.

Methods:

Using AutoCAD software, we identified the midpoint of the medial patellofemoral complex attachment on photographs of 31 cadaveric knee dissections. The midpoint was referenced relative to the superior articular surface of the patella (P1) and was described in terms of the percentage of the patellar articular length distal to this point. A second point, at the junction of the medial border of the vastus intermedius tendon with the superior articular border of the patella, was identified (P2). The distances of the midpoint to P1 and P2 were calculated and were compared using paired t tests.

Results:

Twenty-five images had appropriate quality and landmarks for digital analysis. The midpoint of the medial patellofemoral complex was located a mean (and standard deviation) of 2.3% ± 15.8% of the patellar articular length distal to the superior pole and was at or proximal to P1 in 12 knees. In all knees, the midpoint was at or proximal to P2. After exclusion of 2 knees with vastus intermedius tendon attachments only, the medial patellofemoral complex midpoint was closer to P2 (5.3% ± 8.6% of the patellar articular length) than to P1 (9.3% ± 8.5% of the patellar articular length) (p = 0.06).

Conclusions:

The midpoint of the medial patellofemoral complex was 2.3% of the articular length distal to the superior pole of the patella. Additionally, we describe an anatomic landmark at the junction of the medial border of the vastus intermedius tendon and the articular border of the patella that approximates the midpoint of this complex.

Clinical Relevance:

Our study shows that the anatomic midpoint of the attachment of the medial patellofemoral complex is proximal to the junction of the medial vastus intermedius tendon and the articular border of the patella, suggesting that graft placement may be more anatomic on the vastus intermedius tendon rather than on the patella.
A Novel Radiographic Indicator of Developmental Cervical Stenosis
Authors: Horne Phillip H. , Lampe Lukas P. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Herzog Richard J. , Albert Todd J.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Developmental cervical stenosis of the spinal canal predisposes patients to neural compression and loss of function. The Torg-Pavlov ratio has been shown to provide high sensitivity but low specificity for identifying developmental cervical stenosis. A more sensitive and specific radiographic index has not been reported to our knowledge. The objective of this study was to develop and provide an objective, sensitive, and specific radiographic index to assess for developmental cervical stenosis.

Methods:

The C3 through C6 levels of the cervical spine were analyzed on lateral radiographs of 150 adult patients to determine the spinolaminar line-to-lateral mass distance (SL), lateral mass-to-posterior vertebral body distance (LM), spinolaminar line-to-vertebral body (canal) diameter (CD), and vertebral body diameter (VB). Ratios of these measurements were calculated to eliminate magnification effects. The corresponding true spinal canal diameter was measured using computed tomography (CT) midsagittal sections. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify a radiographic measurement ratio with optimal sensitivity and specificity, using a true canal diameter of <12 mm to define developmental cervical stenosis.

Results:

Several of the measured ratios demonstrated a strong correlation with the true canal diameter at all cervical levels. However, ROC curve analysis showed that only an LM/CD ratio of ≥0.735 indicated a canal diameter of <12 mm (developmental cervical stenosis). The sensitivity of this ratio at C5 was 83% and its specificity at C5 was 74%. An LM/CD ratio of ≥0.735 measured only at the C5 level also indicated developmental cervical stenosis at any cervical level from C3 through C6 with 76% sensitivity and 80% sensitivity. Other ratios, including the Torg-Pavlov ratio, did not demonstrate an adequate statistical profile to indicate developmental cervical stenosis. The accuracy of the LM/CD ratio was not adversely affected by the patient’s sex.

Conclusions:

This analysis provided a novel index for identifying developmental cervical stenosis: the C5 lateral mass/canal diameter (LM/CD) ratio. We believe that this ratio is the best radiographic measurement available to screen for developmental cervical stenosis in the adult spine patient population. It provides an objective radiographic screening tool for physicians to detect developmental cervical stenosis and decide whether additional imaging or surgical referral is appropriate.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
New digenetic trematode parasite Masenia lucknowensis sp. nov. (Trematoda: Maseniidae) from fresh water fishes of Uttar Pradesh (India)
Authors: Chandra Satish , Saxena A. M.
Published: July 2016

Genus Masenia Chatterji, 1933 (Trematoda: Maseniidae Yamaguti, 1954) is one of the most important digenean trematode parasite with wide geographic distribution in the world. The purpose of the present study was to describe morphological and morphometrical characteristics of digenetic trematodes. The present study was carried out in fresh water fish fauna of River Gomti, Daliganj at Lucknow (26o 51' 30" N, 80o 56' 14" E). We have found that fresh water fishes heavily infected with various helminthes parasites. We have recovered large number of digenean parasites which belong to genus viz. Masenia Chatterji, 1933. During the survey (2012, Daliganj Lucknow) of fresh water digenetic trematode parasites, collected three different species of the genus Masenia, out of these one is new species, another are redescribed to show certain variation, the new parasite was obtain from the intestine of fish Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794) (Actinopterygii: Bagridae).
Obligaciones de hacer
Authors: Guevara Agostinelli Eduardo Ronald
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo es un análisis de las obligaciones en el marco del Código Civil, a fin de mostrar los diversos aspectos de esta figura que hacen posible que las personas con carga de obligaciones puedan evadir las mismas. Asimismo se describen aquellas situaciones en que alguien puede librarse de ciertas obligaciones sin que ello conlleve un perjuicio en su contra, junto a un tratamiento amplio de la legislación y normatividad relativa al cumplimiento de contratos por parte de los obligados.Palabras clave: obligaciones, cumplimiento, Código Civil, deudor, acreedor.
El indígena en la dogmática penal peruana del siglo XIX
Authors: Momethiano Santiago Javier Ysrael
Published: July 2016

La raza india sometida a los conquistadores tuvo como secuela un proceso de destrucción de lasestructuras de la sociedad indígena, dando origen jurídico a la república de indios, pero gobernadospor una sociedad hispana como legado. La consideración de seres humanos a los indígenasno fue reconocido de inmediato, pues fueron tratados como animales o seres sin alma, ya que elderecho de conquista se imponía como una sociedad de castas, basada en la discriminación étnicay la diferenciación cultural que se practicaba en el siglo XVIII, entonces lo esencial de aplicar underecho penal foráneo es su unilateralidad y coacción, aunque no podemos indicar que se trata deuna simple aplicación de este derecho, dado que los españoles encontraron a su llegada una culturadesarrollada, donde el creador del derecho era el Inca. Tampoco, es una mera aceptación deun derecho penal extranjero, porque los miembros de la sociedad nativa que fueron vistos comoobjetos de legislación, se resistieron al nuevo orden rebelándose. La independencia del Perú nosignificó la ruptura del sistema socioeconómico consolidado en tres siglos de coloniaje, es decirque la emancipación solo produjo la destrucción de las relaciones políticas con la metrópoli, sinque cambie de manera relevante las estructuras internas del país, situación esta que se extendió enel siglo XIX, en tal sentido la construcción del Derecho Penal criollo resulta una ficción, ya queera producto de la educación europea de ese entonces, que nace con mentalidad teológica, desarrolladacon la metafísica, la que discrimina al indígena por no tener autodeterminación comorequisito de la culpabilidad al iniciar el siglo XIX, y que a mediados de esta centuria, termina porapreciar a los “indios” como potencialmente criminales desde la óptica de la escuela positivista,siendo estas ideas empleadas por la república oligárquica de 1895, y que determinan el tratamientolegislativo penal respecto a los indígenas del siglo XIX, convirtiéndolos en más miserables queen la colonia, pues las ideas de los liberalistas llegaron a dañarlos, logrando que las comunidadessubsistentes se atrasen.Palabras clave: indígena, inimputabilidad, culpabilidad, peligrosidad, escuela clásica, escuela positivista,tesis indigenista, tesis colonialista, sanción penal.
Los outsiders en el Perú
Authors: Pastor Neyra Milton Ovidio
Published: July 2016

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La preparación de la clase encuentro
Authors: Lavín Martínez (Cuba) José Luis
Published: July 2016

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El control difuso de convencionalidad. Obligación de todo los jueces y magistrados latinoamericanos, como consecuencia de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana en el caso Rosendo Radilla
Authors: Gil Rendón Raymundo
Published: July 2016

El tema que desarrolla el presente artículo tiene que ver con la cuestión de si lo que prevalece en la Constitución Mexicana es el control difuso o el control concentrado, y si, además, este control es de convencionalidad o de constitucionalidad, o de ambos. Y para dilucidar este asunto se recurre al análisis de las reformas constitucionales de 2011 y de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana a propósito del caso Rosendo Radilla.Palabras clave: control difuso, control concentrado, constitucionalidad.
Los derechos humanos y/o derechos fundamentales en el marco de un Estado de Derecho
Authors: Ugarte Boluarte Krúpskaya Rosa Luz
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo busca aproximarse a los aspectos más esenciales del debate doctrinal sobre el Estado de Derecho en relación con los derechos fundamentales y/o derechos humanos, toda vez que la observancia y respeto de estos constituyen uno de los parámetros más significativos a la hora de determinar el nivel de eficacia del funcionamiento de un Estado y el modo en que hace ejercicio del poder político.Palabras clave: derechos humanos, derechos fundamentales, Estado de Derecho.
El debido proceso en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana
Authors: Loayza Tamayo Carolina
Published: July 2016

Este artículo es un intento de sistematización de las sentencias emitidas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos sobre el debido proceso, al mismo tiempo que busca aclarar, a este respecto, algunos de los más importantes criterios asumidos por este ente supranacional del Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos, los mismos que deberán ser observados por los tribunales nacionales.Palabras clave: derechos humanos, debido proceso, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
Análisis de la situación del VRAE. Su tratamiento por el Derecho Humanitario: ¿falta de estrategia?
Authors: Llatas Ramírez Lesly
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo, se analiza el tratamiento que se viene haciendo en la zona del VRAE del problema de la subversión y del narcotráfico por parte del Estado. Así, se cuestionan las acciones políticas gubernamentales y los resultados derivados de las mismas, todo ello en el marco legal internacional acerca de los conflictos armados no internacionales, especialmente de los convenios de Ginebra de 1949.Palabras clave: Derecho Humanitario, convenios de Ginebra de 1949, conflictos armados no internacionales, derechos humanos.
Sesenta años de los convenios de Ginebra: ¿podemos permitirnos renunciar a ellos
Authors: Spieker Heike
Published: July 2016

El asunto central que se desarrolla en el presente artículo es el de cuán eficaces resultan en el contexto mundial actual los convenios de Ginebra en caso de conflictos armados, sobre todo considerando el hecho de que no resulta claro cómo exactamente se relacionan el Derecho Internacional y el Derecho Humanitario al momento de ser aplicados a circunstancias específicas de conflictos internos, es decir, en caso de guerras civiles y de terrorismo.Palabras clave: Derecho Humanitario, Derecho internacional, derechos humanos, terrorismo.
La propiedad personal sobre bienes muebles y el plan vinculado a la revolución energética. Retos y desafíos para el Derecho en Cuba
Authors: Piorno Garcell Marien , Céspedes Medina Loraine
Published: July 2016

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El principio de Estado de derecho y la estructura del proceso penal
Authors: Heinz Gössel Karl
Published: July 2016

Considerando que el principio de Estado de Derecho se erige como aquel sobre el que se organiza la estructura procesal de un sistema judicial, el presente artículo nos presenta una visión general de conjunto del proceso penal alemán. Se consideran para el efecto el reconocimiento y aplicación de la Convención Europea de Derechos Humanos, aunque la misma posea formalmente un rango inferior a la Carta alemana.Palabras clave: Estado de derecho, proceso penal alemán.
Tipicidad e imputación objetiva: su trascendencia para la labor del Ministerio Público y del Poder Judicial en el marco del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal
Authors: Pinedo Sandoval Carlos
Published: July 2016

El artículo que se presenta a continuación pretende establecer que la teoría de la imputación objetiva propuesta por Günther Jakobs es la que posee mayores méritos para ayudar a emitir soluciones justas, coherentes y eficaces, en razón de que se inserta dentro de las características de un Derecho Penal que, considerando la dinámica del contexto social, reconoce como esenciales los principios de riesgo permitido, de confianza, de prohibición de regreso y de competencia de la víctima.Palabras clave: tipicidad, imputación objetiva, Derecho Penal.
Análisis de la corrupción de funcionarios en la conducta ética de los servidores de la Administración Pública en el ejercicio de sus funciones: Región Ayacucho 2010
Authors: Garay Peña Patricia del Rosario
Published: July 2016

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal demostrar que el incremento de los actos de corrupción de funcionarios contribuye a la ineﬁciencia y la ineﬁcacia de la Administración Pública. Es un estudio de tipo aplicativo, y el nivel es descriptivo y correlacional, puesto que se relacionan las medidas correctivas frente a la corrupción de funcionarios para que no se quiebre la conﬁanza en el funcionamiento eﬁcaz y eﬁciente de las instituciones públicas, así como el uso de un diseño metodológico de tipo no experimental y de corte transversal, porque tanto la corrupción de funcionarios como la ineﬁciencia de la Administración Pública se evidencian en la realidad, es decir, son observables, y por lo tanto no son de difícil demostración.Palabras clave: corrupción de funcionarios y servidores públicos, servicios públicos, ineﬁciencia, ineﬁcacia.
La publicidad registral y sus implicancias en las transferencias inmobiliarias en el Perú
Authors: Lavander Merchan Henry Augusto
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo de Investigación tiene por objeto conocer y analizar los factores que influyen en la publicidad registral que en la práctica no otorga seguridad jurídica en la contratación inmobiliaria, específicamente en las transferencias de bienes inmuebles de la sociedad conyugal cuando uno de los cónyuges realiza un acto de disposición del patrimonio conyugal sin la intervención del otro cónyuge y el tercero adquirente del bien actúa de acuerdo a la publicidad registral y a la buena fe. Este problema da origen a demandas de nulidad de acto jurídico y se ha generado incertidumbre jurídica por el tratamiento diferente del tema en las ejecutorias casatorias.Palabras clave: publicidad registral, seguridad jurídica, nulidad judicial, patrimonio conyugal.
Victimología: urgente necesidad de promulgar una Ley General de Víctimas
Authors: Díaz Bazán Ricardo Alfredo
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo justificar la urgente necesidad de promulgar una Ley General de Víctimas, a fin de que se dé una eficaz protección a las víctimas del delito, teniendo en cuenta que en nuestro ordenamiento penal el garantismo se ha centrado en los derechos de los delincuentes, quedando de lado los derechos de las víctimas, que con justicia buscan un resarcimiento pronto y equitativo del daño infligido. Además, se considera que la afección de los derechos de la víctima de un delito proviene no solo directamente del hecho delictivo sino de su misma intervención en el sistema penal que produce, muchas veces, una victimización múltiple. En ese sentido, es de vital importancia la Victimología, rama de la Criminología que tiene por objeto el estudio de la víctima de una infracción penal.Palabras clave: victimología, victimización, Ley General de Víctimas.
Modificaciones en el régimen laboral especial de las microempresas y pequeñas empresas
Authors: Tello Cabello Sara Ynés
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo, analizar las modificaciones en el régimen laboral especial de las microempresas y pequeñas empresas, a través de la Ley Nº 30056, Ley que modifica diversas leyes para facilitar la inversión, impulsar el desarrollo productivo y el crecimiento empresarial publicada el 2 de julio del 2013.Palabras clave: régimen laboral especial, Mypes.
El Comité contra la Tortura de Naciones Unidas. Balance de su actual situación
Authors: Mariño Menéndez Fernando M.
Published: July 2016

Este breve análisis se apoya en la experiencia de mi pertenencia al Comité contra la Tortura de Naciones Unidas (CCT) durante doce años, hasta la reciente terminación de mi mandato, el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Reproduce en lo esencial el contenido de mi artículo publicado en el número especial de la revista Derecho Migratorio y Extranjería, dedicado a mi buen amigo y gran jurista D. Ángel Chueca Sancho, prematuramente fallecido. Es un examen detallado de las características y objetivos del CCT en el contexto de la lucha por la defensa de los derechos humanos, además de una descripción de las tareas y dificultades que debe resolver en la búsqueda del cabal cumplimiento de su misión.Palabras clave: tortura, tratos inhumanos, Derecho Internacional, Derecho Migratorio, derechos humanos.