bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Digital Anatomical Models Based on Computed Tomographic Morphometric Analysis of C1 and C2 for Surgical Navigation
Authors: Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Sarasombath Peem
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Injuries involving the Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) vertebrae of the cervical spine present significant clinical challenges due to their complex anatomy and potential for severe neurological impairment. Traditional imaging methods often lack the detailed visualization required for precise surgical planning. This study aimed to develop high-resolution 3D models of the C1 and C2 vertebrae to perform a comprehensive morphometric analysis, identify gender differences, and assess bilateral symmetry to enhance surgical accuracy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using CT scans from 500 patients aged 18 and older from a single-center hospital. Three-dimensional models were generated using InVesalius 3.1 and visualized with Meshmixer. Morphometric measurements included screw placement angles, lamina length and height, bicortical diameters, and pedicle widths. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, with the Student’s t-test applied for gender and bilateral comparisons. Results: Significant gender differences were found in certain measurements, such as pedicle width (4.85 ± 0.90 mm in males vs. 4.60 ± 0.85 mm in females, p = 0.048) and C2 lamina height (12.90 ± 1.40 mm in males vs. 12.40 ± 1.25 mm in females, p = 0.033). Most measurements exhibited bilateral symmetry, supporting their applicability across genders. These results align with previous studies and highlight the importance of tailored surgical approaches. Conclusions: Three-dimensional models of the C1 and C2 provide comprehensive morphometric data that enhance preoperative planning and surgical precision. Integrating these models into clinical practice can reduce intraoperative risks and improve patient outcomes in cervical spine surgeries.
Non-Male Factor Only—ICSI Can Overcome Oocyte Factor in PCOS Patients
Authors: Shibli Abu Raya Yasmin , Aslih Nardin , Atzmon Yuval , Sharqawi Moamina , Shavit Maya , Bilgory Asaf , Shalom-Paz Einat
Published: January 2025

Background: In this research, we retrospectively studied the influence of the IVF vs. the ICSI technique on embryo morphokinetics by means of a time-lapse incubator in fresh cycles. Methods: A total of 2645 treatment cycles resulting in ovum pick-up of 11,471 fertilized oocytes were included in the research from 2018 to 2022. The embryos were grouped according to IVF or ICSI. Embryonic development was monitored using a time-lapse incubator, and they were transferred on day 3 or 5. Results: The embryos in the ICSI group developed faster and had less fragmentation. However, fewer 2PNs were achieved and more embryos were discarded compared to IVF. When sibling oocytes treated with either IVF or ICSI were analyzed, we found that ICSI resulted in quicker development and higher KIDScores. Discussion: The anovulation and PCOS subgroups were the primary contributors to the high KIDScores in sibling oocytes, indicating that ICSI might have beneficial effects on oocyte factors, similar to the positive results it provides when male factors are involved. Conclusions: Women with PCOS undergoing IVF had better results when ICSI was used compared to spontaneous IVF. This study reveals that ICSI is superior to IVF in female factor infertility.
Retinal Displacement Following Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques, Tamponade Agents, and Outcomes
Authors: Siwik Paulina , Chudoba Tomasz , Cisiecki Sławomir
Published: January 2025

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a severe condition that may lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) has become a preferred surgical intervention, particularly in complex cases. Objective: Retinal displacement (RD) following PPV for RRD can lead to visual distortions and can negatively impact patient quality of life. This review examines surgical techniques, tamponade choices, and postoperative strategies to mitigate displacement risks and their clinical implications. Methods: A systemic review of studies from 2010 to 2024 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid. The search included terms such as “retinal displacement, “tamponade agents”, and postoperative positioning”. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing PPV outcomes, retinal alignment, and visual distortions. Methodological quality was assessed using PRISMA guidelines. Results: Gas tamponades were associated with lower RD rates compared to silicone oil. Intraoperative use of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) improved retinal stability. Postoperative positioning strategies significantly reduced visual distortions. Conclusions: Surgical and postoperative techniques substantially influence RD risk. Advances in imaging and tamponade agents offer promising avenues to improve patient outcomes and minimize RD.
Medical Management of the Near-Narrowed Internal Auditory Canal Pathology in the Adult Population: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Reynard Pierre , Idriss Samar A. , Mustea Eugenia , Ltaief-Boudrigua Aïcha , Ionescu Eugen Constant , Thai-Van Hung
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Objective: To discuss therapeutic outcomes in patients with symptomatic near-narrow internal auditory canal (NNIAC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 26 symptomatic patients diagnosed with NNIAC, who had been treated with anti-epileptic drugs. In addition to clinical and radiological data, we recorded I–III latencies of auditory brainstem responses prior to and after medical therapy. Results: Among a total of 48 patients with NNIAC, 26 patients were included. Oxcarbazepine, Gabapentin, and Lamotrigine were prescribed among 19 (73%) patients, 6 (23%) patients, and 1 patient (4%), respectively. After treatment, 24 (92.3%) patients described improvement of vestibular symptoms, and 16 (76.2%) reported improvement of auditory symptoms. After treatment with antiepileptic drugs, ipsilateral IPL I-III latencies decreased (less than 2.3 ms) in 16 (84.2%) patients (23 ears out of 42). Conclusions: A low dose of anti-epileptic monotherapy for NNIAC could be effective over the long term and is generally well-tolerated. Further studies are needed to provide more solid evidence of the efficacy and safety of anti-epileptic drugs on a larger number of patients with NNIAC.
Advanced Numerical Free Vibration Analysis of FG Thin-Walled I-Beams Using Refined Beam Models
Authors: Guendouz Ilies , Vidal Philippe , Khebizi Mourad , Guenfoud Mohamed
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the free vibration of thin-walled composite and functionally graded material (FGM) I-beams, considering the effects of bending–torsional behavior using refined beam theory models RBT and RBT* built on the 3D Saint-Venant (SV) solution. The models enable a realistic analysis of beams with arbitrary cross-sections, overcoming the limitations inherent in classical beam theories. They incorporate a set of 3D displacement modes, representing cross-sectional deformations, which are derived from 2D FEM calculations. These modes are then applied to solve the beam problem using a 1D FEM, providing the 3D vibration modes and natural frequencies. The mechanical properties of the FGM thin-walled beams are varied according to different material distributions across the cross-section. A numerical comparison of the natural frequencies and 3D mode shapes of the thin-walled beams is carried out to validate the proposed models against available results from the literature and 3D FEM calculations. The results confirm that the RBT models provide accurate and efficient analysis of thin-walled I-beams subjected to various boundary conditions.
Use of Photoreactive Riboflavin and Blue Light Irradiation in Improving Dentin Bonding—Multifaceted Evaluation
Authors: Chen Ping-Ju , Hsieh Jung-Pei , Chang Hsiao-Tzu , Chen Yuh-Ling , Chuang Shu-Fen
Published: January 2025

Recently, photoactivated riboflavin (RF) treatments have been approved to improve resin–dentin bonding by enhancing dentinal collagen crosslinking. This study aimed to evaluate whether RF activated by blue light (BL, 450 nm) strengthens the collagen matrix, increases resistance to enzymatic degradation, and improves adhesion as effectively as ultraviolet A (UVA, 375 nm) activation. Six groups were examined: control (no treatment); RF0.1UV2 (0.1% RF with 2 min of UVA irradiation); RF0.1BL1, RF0.1BL2, RF1BL1, and RF1BL2 (0.1% and 1% RF with 1 or 2 min of BL irradiation). The effects of RF/BL on collagen crosslinking were validated by gel electrophoresis. A nanoindentation test showed that both RF/UVA and RF/BL treatments enhanced the elastic modulus and nanohardness of demineralized dentin. A zymography assay using collagen extracted from demineralized dentin also revealed significant matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition across all RF treatments. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) tests conducted both post-treatment and after 7-day enzymatic degradation showed that three RF0.1 groups (RF0.1UV2, RF0.1BL1, and RF0.1BL2) maintained high µTBS values after degradation, while RF0.1BL1 generated a significantly thicker hybrid layer compared to other groups. These findings suggest that RF/BL is as effective as RF/UVA in crosslinking dentinal collagen and resisting enzymatic degradation, with 0.1% RF proving superior to 1% RF in enhancing dentin bonding.
Key Performance Indicators for College American Football Starters: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Johnson Quincy R. , Yang Yang , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Stock Shane , Gleason Dalton , Akehi Kazuma , Sealey Dayton , Frels Clay , Smith Douglas B. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to profile body composition and physical fitness characteristics of collegiate American football starters and (b) to examine differences in key performance indicators across position groups. These indicators included select measures of body composition, joint kinematics, as well as muscular strength and power. Methods: Sixteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-II American football athletes (age: 22.25 ± 1.1 years; height: 183.75 ± 7.8 cm; and body mass: 97.22 ± 20.39 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. A Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks test with Dunn test post-hoc adjustments was used to examine position differences between Line (n = 3), Big Skill (n = 6), and Skill (n = 7) position groups with α priori set at p < 0.05. Results: The findings of this study suggest that significant differences in body composition (p = 0.004), muscular strength (p = 0.01), and muscular power (p = 0.03) exist between position groups. However, no significant differences were observed in joint kinematics as assessed by the bilateral squat test (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, key findings from this study suggest that although significant differences in body composition, muscular strength, and muscular power exist, an emphasis should be placed on the regular assessment, development, and maintenance of optimal joint kinematics within collegiate American football populations as this appears to be a shared key performance indicator among starters.
Effect of Geometry on the Dissolution Behaviour of Complex Additively Manufactured Tablets
Authors: Afkhami Seyedebrahim , Abdi Meisam , Baserinia Reza
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), have emerged as transformative technologies in pharmaceutical manufacturing, enabling the production of drug delivery systems with complex and customised geometries. These advancements provide precise control over drug release profiles and facilitate the development of patient-specific medicines. This study investigates the dissolution behaviour of AM-fabricated tablets made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer widely used in drug delivery systems. The influence of the initial mass, surface area, and surface-area-to-volume ratio (S/V) on dissolution kinetics is evaluated for tablets with intricate geometries. Our findings demonstrate that these parameters, while critical for conventional tablet shapes, are insufficient to fully predict the dissolution behaviour of complex geometries. Furthermore, this study highlights how geometric modifications can enable the administration of the same drug dosage through sustained or immediate release profiles, offering enhanced versatility in drug delivery. By leveraging the geometric design freedom provided by AM technologies, this research underscores the potential for optimising drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance.
Publisher’s Note: Welcoming the Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences to the MDPI Family
Authors: Aloè Carla
Published: January 2025

We are happy to welcome the Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (JMMS) to our portfolio of publications [...]
Poly ADP-Ribosylation in a Plant Pathogenic Oomycete Phytophthora infestans: A Key Controller of Growth and Host Plant Colonisation
Authors: Samarskaya Viktoriya O. , Koblova Sofya , Suprunova Tatiana , Rogozhin Eugene A. , Spechenkova Nadezhda , Yakunina Sofiya , Love Andrew J. , Kalinina Natalia O. , Taliansky Michael
Published: January 2025

ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification of proteins and nucleic acids, which controls major cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, stress, and immunity in plants and animals. The involvement of ADP-ribosylation in the life cycle of Dictyostelium and some filamentous fungi has also been demonstrated. However, the role of this process in pathogenic oomycetes has never been addressed. Here, we show that the Phytophthora infestans genome contains two PARP-like protein genes (PiPARP1 and PiPARP2), and provide evidence of PARylation activity for one of them (PiPARP2). Using dsRNA-mediated RNA silencing of the PiPARP2 gene and chemical (pharmacological) inhibition of PARP activity by 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) PARP inhibitor, we demonstrate the critical functional role of ADP-ribosylation in Phytophthora mycelium growth. Virulence test on detached leaves also suggests an important role of ADP-ribosylation in Phytophthora host plant colonisation and pathogenesis. On a practical level, our data suggest that targeting the PARylation system may constitute a novel powerful approach for the management of Phytophthora diseases.
Determining Dominant Factors of Vegetation Change with Machine Learning and Multisource Data in the Ganjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Xia Zhiming , Liao Kaitao , Guo Liping , Wang Bin , Huang Hongsheng , Chen Xiulong , Fang Xiangmin , Zu Kuiling , Luo Zhijun , Shen Faxing , Chen Fusheng
Published: January 2025

Vegetation is a fundamental component of terrestrial ecosystems, and accurately assessing the effects of seasonal climate variations, extreme weather events, and land use changes on vegetation dynamics is crucial. The Ganjiang River Basin (GRB), a key region for water conservation and recharge in southeastern China, has experienced significant land use changes and variable climate in the past. However, comprehensive evaluations of how these changes have impacted vegetation remain limited. To address this gap, we used machine learning models (random forest and XGBoost) to assess the impact of seasonal and extreme climate variables, land cover, topography, soil properties, atmospheric CO2, and night-time light intensity on vegetation dynamics. We found that the annual mean NDVI showed a slight increase from 1990 to 1999 but has decreased significantly over the last 8 years. XGBoost was better than the RF model in simulating the NDVI when using all five types of data source (R2 = 0.85; RMSE = 0.04). The most critical factors influencing the NDVI were forest and cropland ratio, followed by soil organic carbon content, elevation, cation exchange capacity, night-time light intensity, and CO2 concentration. Spring minimum temperature was the most important seasonal climate variable. Both linear and nonlinear relationships were identified between these variables and the NDVI, with most variables exhibiting threshold effects. These findings underscore the need to develop and implement effective land management strategies to enhance vegetation health and promote ecological balance in the region.
Temporal and Spatial Changes in Soil Quality at Shooting Ranges: A Case Study in Croatia
Authors: Zgorelec Željka , Šprem Nikica , Abramović Radovan , Galić Marija , Hrelja Iva , Delač Domina , Safner Toni , Kisić Ivica
Published: January 2025

In this study, the effect of ammunition on soil quality (physical and chemical indicators) at shooting ranges was investigated at four sites in Croatia. The sites differ in soil type (fluvisols, leptosols and terra rossa) and climatic conditions (Mediterranean and continental). The intensity of shooting range use (calculated from the age of the lane and the average number of targets used per year) and the distance from the shooting range (−40 m to +240 m) were examined in relation to soil chemical composition and soil quality. High contents of Pb and Sb at 100 m from the shooting position were observed in fluvisol and terra rossa soils, and the contamination factors (CFs) ranged from 6 up to 97. The study found high natural soil Cr and Ni content in leptosols and terra rossa due to paedogenic reasons (CFs < 1.3) and soil acidification (a decrease in soil pHKCl) due to ammunition/target use. Long-term measures for sustainable soil management and environment protection must be taken at shooting ranges to minimise the potential risks to ecosystems, wildlife and human health (an EU strategy).
Territorial Coherence Through Urban Planning, Myth or Reality: Analysis of Planning Instruments in Ho (Ghana) and Kpalimé (Togo)
Authors: Sondou Tchakouni , Aholou Coffi Cyprien , Chenal Jérôme
Published: January 2025

Cities in West Africa have master and local plans to plan and guide land use and prevent urban sprawl. However, their spatial growth is not in line with the principles and indicators of harmonious development. To what extent has the spatial growth of these cities been shaped by urban development plans? This article assesses the ability of master and local plans to guide and frame urban development in Ho in Ghana and Kpalimé in Togo, using compliance and performance approaches. Combining interviews with municipal and traditional authorities, statutory land administration officials, and urban planners, this study finds that urban development in Ho has an average compliance rate of between 54% and 72%, compared to a rate of between 13% and 24% in Kpalimé. In terms of performance, Ho’s local plans outperform Kpalimé’s master plans. The master plans influence the plans below Ho, which is not the case in Kpalimé, where there is no link between the plans. The moderate performance of Ho and the poor performance of Kpalimé can be explained by several factors, such as the non-participatory approach to planning, the land tenure system, the lack of political support, and the lack of human and financial resources.
Unkept Promises: On the Implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in Korea
Authors: Hong Dae Un , Kim Jae Sun
Published: January 2025

While the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)’s Anti-Bribery Convention is often considered a success in the fight against global corruption, ensuring its implementation remains challenging. As evidenced by the sustained decline in Transparency International’s ratings, the Korean government does not actively enforce anti-bribery legislation against companies and individuals engaged in business activities abroad. To support this argument, this article reviews the Korean legal apparatus designed to control foreign bribery and examines why the relevant authorities have insufficiently enforced them. Specifically, this paper discusses the Foreign Bribery Prevention Act, its legislative history, how the Korean legislature has failed to implement the OECD Working Group’s recommendations in a timely manner, and the consequences of this failure. Through a case study, this paper compares the practices of Korean law enforcement authorities with those of their counterparts abroad, particularly in the United States. This paper also illustrates how the traditional leniency of Korean prosecutors and judges toward bribe giving, especially by large conglomerates, has affected the enforcement of the relatively new legal apparatus designed to combat bribery of foreign public officials. Furthermore, a cultural leniency toward bribery, coupled with the Korean government’s unwillingness to raise public awareness of foreign bribery crimes and their punishments, poses a significant challenge to combating foreign bribery.
Mechanical and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Fractured Sandstone Materials: A True Triaxial Experimental Study
Authors: Sun Guowen , Lu Yu , Huang Gun , Liang Qinming , Huang Xinyu
Published: January 2025

To investigate the mechanical and energy evolution characteristics of fractured rock under true triaxial stresses, true triaxial strength compression experiments on fractured sandstone were conducted with varying crack lengths and widths. The results indicate that under true triaxial stresses, the peak stress of the rock exhibits a gradual decline with an increase in crack length and width. Meanwhile, crack initiation stress and crack damage stress of fractured sandstone also demonstrate a declining trend overall, and the influence of crack length on the characteristic stress (crack initiation stress and crack damage stress) of sandstone is more pronounced than that of crack width. According to the energy analysis results, the total strain energy of fractured sandstone gradually decreases with an increase in crack length and width. The results offer a theoretical foundation for the strength assessment and stability management of fractured rock materials during deep coal mining operations.
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Fiducial Interval for Variance in Unbalanced Variance Components Model
Authors: Jiratampradab Arisa , Suntornchost Jiraphan , Supapakorn Thidaporn
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work is to propose the iteratively reweighted least squares concept to form a fiducial generalized pivotal quantity of the between-group variance component for the unbalanced variance components model. The fiducial generalized pivotal quantity is a subclass of the generalized pivotal quantity which is useful technique to deal with problem of nuisance parameters for finding interval estimator. This research provides the probability distribution and the properties of the statistics to lead the constructing of the confidence interval. The authors also prove the construction of the fiducial generalized pivotal quantity through iteratively reweighted least squares. The performance comparison for the new proposed method with other competing methods in the literature is studied through a simulation study. The results of the simulation study demonstrate that the proposed method is very satisfactory in terms of both the coverage probability and the average width of the confidence interval. Furthermore, the analysis of real data for patients of sickle cell disease also illustrates that the proposed method gives the smallest average width of the confidence interval. All these results confirm that the iteratively reweighted least squares fiducial generalized pivotal quantity confidence interval is recommended.
Four Different Ulam-Type Stability for Implicit Second-Order Fractional Integro-Differential Equation with M-Point Boundary Conditions
Authors: Nasrallah Ilhem , Aouafi Rabiaa , Kouachi Said
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the implicit two-order fractional integro-differential equation with m-point boundary conditions by applying the Banach fixed point theorem. Moreover, in the paper we establish the four different varieties of Ulam stability (Hyers–Ulam stability, generalized Hyers–Ulam stability, Hyers–Ulam-Rassias stability, and generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability) for the given problem.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Prognostic Scoring in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome: Insights from a 17-Year Burn Center Experience
Authors: Breidung David , Delavari Sarina , Megas Ioannis-Fivos , Geierlehner Alexander , Hitzl Wolfgang , Bodenschatz Karl J. , Karcz Konrad , Ehrl Denis , Billner Moritz
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare yet life-threatening dermatologic conditions characterized by severe skin and mucous membrane involvement. Accurate prognostic systems are crucial for clinical management to assess disease severity and predict outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap over a 17-year period at a specialized burn center. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the performance of existing prognostic scoring systems (SCORTEN, Re-SCORTEN, and ABCD-10) in predicting mortality and to propose a novel classification tree model to improve mortality prediction. Materials and Methods: A 17-year retrospective study at a burn center included 68 patients with SJS, SJS/TEN overlap, or TEN. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, and prognostic scores (SCORTEN, Re-SCORTEN, ABCD-10) were collected and analyzed for associations with mortality. A classification tree was created to detect unknown determinants of SJS/TEN mortality. Results: The drug most frequently associated with the occurrence of SJS/TEN was metamizole. The mortality rate was 51%. Affected body surface area, platelet count, and serum blood urea nitrogen differed significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Regarding the scoring systems, only the Re-SCORTEN showed reliable differentiation for these groups. A classification tree model achieved an accuracy of 89% in predicting the mortality risk. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC values were 0.88 for the classification tree, 0.66 for Re-SCORTEN, 0.61 for SCORTEN, and 0.56 for ABCD-10. Conclusions: This study explores mortality predictors in SJS/TEN via a classification tree model, highlighting potential factors for further investigation. While cautioning against immediate clinical application due to data constraints, the findings underscore the need for larger studies to validate and refine prediction models in this context.
Beyond the Scalpel: Addressing Communication and Distress in ENT Cancer
Authors: Hirtie Bogdan , Varga Norberth-Istvan , Oprisoni Andrada , Tanasescu Sonia , Boeriu Estera , Sorop Virgiliu Bogdan , Harich Octavia , Bota Adrian Vasile , Horhat Delia Ioana
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Effective communication in oncology is crucial, but challenging due to the complex information and emotional burden associated with a cancer diagnosis. This cross-sectional study investigated the communication preferences of 155 Romanian adults diagnosed with ENT cancers and explored the relationship between these preferences, their levels of psychological distress, and sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: Participants completed the KOPRA questionnaire, assessing communication preferences, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure psychological distress. Results: The results revealed that patients strongly prioritized active involvement in their care (Patient Participation and Patient Orientation—PPO) and open communication with healthcare providers (Effective and Open Communication—EOC). While emotional support was valued, it was considered less critical than PPO and EOC. Notably, communication about personal matters was deemed the least important aspect of communication. A high prevalence of psychological distress was observed, particularly among widowed individuals and females. No direct correlation was found between communication preferences and distress. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of shared decision-making, clear information exchange, and a patient-centered approach in the context of ENT cancer care, while also highlighting the need for routine screening and appropriate support for psychological well-being in this patient population.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Resistance, Virulence and Regulation Genes in Extremely Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pajaro-Castro Nerlis , Diaz-Morales Erick , Hoyos Kenia , Ibañez-Bersinger Cristhian
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen, renowned for its ability to acquire and develop diverse mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. This study examines the resistance, virulence, and regulatory mechanisms in extensively drug-resistant clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Results: The analysis demonstrated a higher prevalence of virulence genes compared to resistance and regulatory genes. Key virulence factors identified included secretion systems, motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Resistance mechanisms observed comprised efflux pumps and beta-lactamases, while regulatory systems involved two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and sigma factors. Additionally, phenotypic profiles were found to correlate with resistance genes identified through genotypic analysis. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant resistance and virulence of the clinical P. aeruginosa strains analyzed, highlighting the urgent need for alternative strategies to address infections caused by extensively drug-resistant bacteria.
Multi-Physical Field Coupling Analysis of Electro-Controlled Permanent Magnet Blank Holder Processes Considering Thermal Magnetic Losses
Authors: Wang Zhanshan , Meng Linyuan , Yu Gaochao , Ji Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Electro-permanent magnet (EPM) technology is characterized by high integration, strong modularity, and stable magnetic force, making it a current research focus when combined with sheet metal deep drawing processes to develop EPM blank holder deep drawing technology. In this study, we investigated the issue of thermal magnetic quantitative magnetic loss after the prolonged use of the EPMBH process, analyzing the variation in magnetic force with the temperature increase to provide necessary data support for the application of the EPMBH. First, a thermal network model for the four-magnetic pole unit EPM magnetic device was established, and through calculations on this model, the thermal equilibrium temperatures for the permanent magnet (PM)-NdFeB and reversible magnet (RM)-AlNiCo were found to be 72.13 °C and 72.41 °C, respectively. Second, the magnetic performance of PM and RM at different temperature points was measured to analyze the variation in their magnetic characteristics with the temperature increase. Third, a magnetic force model of the EPM magnetic device was established, and finite element analysis was conducted using the measured magnetic characteristics data of RM and PM. The results indicated that an increase in temperature leads to a reduction in magnetic force, with a maximum reduction of 18.57% observed after thermal equilibrium. An experimental testing platform was designed and built to validate the calculation and simulation results. Finally, a sheet metal deep drawing experiment using the EPMBH process was conducted, taking into account thermal magnetic loss factors. The results showed that magnetic force loss due to temperature rise affects the forming quality of the sheet metal. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to establish a real-time temperature monitoring system and develop a temperature-based magnetic force compensation module.
Metabolomic Insights into the Allelopathic Effects of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Volatile Organic Compounds on the Germination Process of Bidens pilosa (L.)
Authors: Bruno Leonardo , Mircea Diana M. , Araniti Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study explores the allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the invasive species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle on the seed germination of Bidens pilosa. A. altissima is known for releasing allelopathic VOCs that suppress the growth of neighbouring plants, contributing to its invasive potential. Methods: To examine these effects, we exposed B. pilosa seeds to varying concentrations of A. altissima VOCs, assessing germination rates and metabolic changes through untargeted metabolomics. Results: Our findings revealed that VOCs from A. altissima significantly inhibited the germination speed and overall germination rates of B. pilosa in a dose-dependent manner. Metabolomic profiling showed disruptions in energy and amino acid metabolism pathways, specifically involving delayed breakdown of starch and key metabolites, indicating inhibition of critical metabolic processes during early germination stages. This metabolic delay likely impairs B. pilosa’s establishment and competitiveness, enhancing A. altissima’s ecological dominance. Conclusions: The results underscore the potential of VOC-based allelopathy as a mechanism of plant invasion, offering insights into the role of VOCs in interspecies plant competition and ecosystem dynamics.
Evaluating Metabolic Profiling of Human Milk Using Biocrates MxP® QUANT 500 Assay
Authors: Hampel Daniela , Shahab-Ferdows Setareh , Kac Gilberto , Allen Lindsay H.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic profiling of human milk (HM) is indispensable for elucidating mother-milk-infant relationships. Methods: We evaluated the Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 assay for HM-targeted metabolomics (106 small molecules, 524 lipids) and analyzed in a feasibility test HM from apparently healthy Brazilian mothers (A: 2–8, B: 28–50, C: 88–119 days postpartum, ntotal = 25). Results: Of the 630 possible signatures detectable with this assay, 506 were above the limits of detection in an HM-pool (10 µL) used for assay evaluation, 12 of them above the upper limit of quantitation. Analyzing five different HM-pool volumes (2–20 µL) revealed acceptable linearity for 458 metabolites. Intraday accuracy of 80–120% was attained by 469 metabolites after spiking and for 342 after a 1:2 dilution. Analyzing HM from Brazilian mothers revealed significantly lower concentrations in colostrum vs. mature milk for many flow-injection analyses (FIA) and only a few LC-MS metabolites, including triglycerides, sphingomyelins, and phosphatidylcholines. Higher concentrations at the later lactation stages were found predominantly for amino acids and related compounds. Conclusions: The MxP Quant® 500 assay is a useful tool for HM metabolic profiling, minimizing analytical bias between matrices, and enhancing our ability to study milk as a biological system.
Altitude’s Impact on the Rhizosphere Prokaryotic Communities of the Cretan Endemic Plant Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC.
Authors: Stagiopoulou Rafaela , Mellidou Ifigeneia , Krigas Nikos , Papatheodorou Effimia M.
Published: January 2025

The present study examined the effect of the three different altitudes on the enzymatic activity and the prokaryotic communities of the rhizosphere of Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC. (Campanulaceae), a vulnerable local endemic species of Crete (Greece). It was observed that the pH and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity increased with altitude while the β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) activity fluctuated with increasing altitude. The prokaryotic community in the rhizosphere of P. pinnata was dominated at the phylum level by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes, as well as by Bacillus members at the genus level. The alpha diversity did not vary with altitude while the b-diversity varied significantly, reflecting differences in community composition in relation to altitudinal gradient. The NAG activity was positively associated with most of the predominant phyla, except for Proteobacteria. The BG enzyme activity appeared to be negatively associated with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota. Based on online databases, the predicted functions of the community showed a clear distinction in relation to altitude. At lower altitude, functions related to quorum sensing among microbes were overrepresented, while at the higher altitude, the functions were more related to energy production and transfer. The results of this research contribute to the ex situ and in situ protection of the vulnerable populations of P. pinnata and provide information for understanding the effect of altitude on processes in the rhizosphere of a threatened local endemic species of Crete studied in its original habitats.
The Bacterial Type III Secretion System as a Broadly Applied Protein Delivery Tool in Biological Sciences
Authors: Jia Liyu , Zhu Lihua
Published: January 2025

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a nano-machine that allows Gram-negative bacteria to alter eukaryotic host biology by directly delivering effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Protein delivery based on the bacterial T3SS has been widely used in research in biology. This review explores recent advancements in the structure and function of the T3SS. We explore the molecular underpinnings of the T3SS apparatus, which spans bacterial and host cell membranes, and discuss the intricate transport mechanisms of effector proteins. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the innovative applications of the T3SS in crop biology, where it has been leveraged to study plant–pathogen interactions. By summarizing the current knowledge and recent progress, we underscore the potential of the T3SS as a powerful tool in biological sciences and their implications for future research in plant pathology and agricultural biotechnology.
The Structural, Biophysical, and Antigenic Characterization of the Goose Parvovirus Capsid
Authors: Jabbari Korosh , Mietzsch Mario , Hsi Jane , Chipman Paul , Qiu Jianming , McKenna Robert
Published: January 2025

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is an etiological agent of Derzsy’s disease, afflicting geese and Muscovy ducks worldwide. Its high mortality rate among goslings and ducklings causes large losses to the waterfowl industry. Toward molecular and structural characterization, virus-like particles (VLPs) of GPV were produced, and the capsid structure was determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a resolution of 2.4 Å. The capsid exhibited structural features conserved among parvoviruses, including surface two-fold depressions, three-fold protrusions, and five-fold channels. A structural comparison of the GPV viral protein (VP) structure with other adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), including human AAV2, AAV5, and quail AAV (QAAV), revealed unique conformations of several surface-accessible variable regions (VRs). Furthermore, the GPV capsid was found to be thermally stable at physiological pH, but less so under lower pH conditions. As a member of the genus Dependoparvovirus, GPV could also be bound by cross-reactive anti-AAV capsid antibodies that bind to the five-fold region of the viruses, as shown by native immuno-dot blot analysis. Finally, the GPV VP structure was compared to those of other bird dependoparvoviruses, which revealed that VR-III may be important for GPV and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) infection.
Bluues_cplx: Electrostatics at Protein–Protein and Protein–Ligand Interfaces
Authors: Soler Miguel Angel , Yakout Rayyan Bassem Adel , Ozkilinc Ozge , Esposito Gennaro , Rocchia Walter , Klein Christian , Fogolari Federico
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Electrostatics plays a capital role in protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions. Implicit solvent models are widely used to describe electrostatics and complementarity at interfaces. Electrostatic complementarity at the interface is not trivial, involving surface potentials rather than the charges of surfacial contacting atoms. (2) Results: The program bluues_cplx, here used in conjunction with the software NanoShaper to compute molecular surfaces, has been used to compute the electrostatic properties of 756 protein–protein and 189 protein–ligand complexes along with the corresponding isolated molecules. (3) Methods: The software we make available here uses Generalized Born (GB) radii, computed by a molecular surface integral, to output several descriptors of electrostatics at protein (and in general, molecular) interfaces. We illustrate the usage of the software by analyzing a dataset of protein–protein and protein–ligand complexes, thus extending and refining previous analyses of electrostatic complementarity at protein interfaces. (4) Conclusions: The complete analysis of a molecular complex is performed in tens of seconds on a PC, and the results include the list of surfacial contacting atoms, their charges and Pearson correlation coefficient, the list of contacting surface points with the electrostatic potential (computed for the isolated molecules) and Pearson correlation coefficient, the electrostatic and hydrophobic free energy with different contributions for the isolated molecules, their complex and the difference for all terms. The software is readily usable for any molecular complex in solution.
Electromigration Techniques in the Analysis of Selected Cosmetic Ingredients: A Review
Authors: Kończyk Joanna , Myga-Nowak Magdalena , Michalski Rajmund , Janoszka Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The cosmetics industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. The dynamic evolution of this industry results in an increasingly diverse range of products containing various active ingredients. Ensuring the quality of these products is crucial for consumer safety, necessitating the use of advanced analytical methods and adherence to legal regulations. Electrophoretic techniques, particularly capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, facilitate the rapid and precise separation and identification of cosmetic ingredients. A well-chosen technique and optimized analytical conditions ensure high sensitivity, repeatability, and resolution, achieving detection limits that meet legal requirements. Although electromigration techniques are less common in routine laboratory analyses compared to liquid chromatography, they show potential for broader application in analyzing various substances found in cosmetics. This study reviews the possibilities of applying different electrophoretic techniques to analyze selected cosmetic ingredients serving various functions, including preservatives, dyes, exfoliating agents, UV filters, and also contaminants, while considering sample preparation methods, equipment used, and analysis conditions. The compiled data indicate that capillary electrophoresis, when compared to high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, shows comparable or superior sensitivity and repeatability, with detection limits adequate to meet regulatory standards.
Quinolin-4-ones: Methods of Synthesis and Application in Medicine
Authors: Gach-Janczak Katarzyna , Piekielna-Ciesielska Justyna , Waśkiewicz Jakub , Krakowiak Kamil , Wtorek Karol , Janecka Anna
Published: January 2025

Quinolinones, also called quinolones, are a group of heterocyclic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. These compounds occur naturally in plants and microorganisms but can also be obtained synthetically. The first synthesis of quinolinones took place at the end of the 19th century, and the most recent methods were published just a few years ago. They allow for obtaining an unlimited number of analogs differing in biological properties. In this review, we described the plethora of methods leading to quinolin-4-ones. Several of these compounds have been used as antibiotics for over four decades, but recently, their antiproliferative effects have been of particular interest to researchers. This review summarizes the experimental progress made in the synthetic development of various routes leading to quinoline-4-ones and presents an overview of the structures, their evolution, and their relation to activity.
Fostering Caring Attributes to Improve Patient Care in Nursing Through Small-Group Work: Perspectives of Students and Educators
Authors: Wong Florence Mei Fung
Published: January 2025

Background: Nursing relies on the development of caring attributes to uphold exceptional standards of care. While small-group work is a common practice in nursing education, its pivotal role in nurturing these attributes often remains underexplored. Aim: This study explored how caring attributes emerge in small-group settings from the perspectives of nursing students and educators. Methods: This qualitative study conducted semi-structured group interviews separately for students and educators. Thirteen nursing students and ten educators at a professional educational institution were interviewed. Results: Through the interviews, four key sets of caring attributes nurtured through small-group work were identified: interpersonal communication with respect; compassion and empathy; competence and confidence; and accountability to commitment. These findings, based on the perspectives of students and educators, underscore the essential role of caring in nursing. They emphasize how collaborative group work can serve as a catalyst for the development of these vital attributes through meaningful interpersonal interactions. Notably, the cultivation of respectful communication skills among students emerged as pivotal for enriching interactions with healthcare professionals, patients, and families, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided. By providing a platform for interactive learning and continual practice, small-group work facilitates the internalization of these caring attributes, nurturing nursing professionalism over the course of students’ careers. Conclusions: This study offers invaluable insights into the profound impact of small-group work in fostering caring attributes and propelling advancements in nursing education and practice. By enhancing the development of these attributes, small-group work contributes to the delivery of compassionate and high-quality patient care.
Shortwave near Infrared–Hyperspectral Imaging Spectra to Detect Pork Adulteration in Beef Using Partial Least Square Regression Coupled with VIP Wavelength Selections Method
Authors: Masithoh Rudiati Evi , Hernanda Reza Adhitama Putra , Pahlawan Muhammad Fahri Reza , Kim Juntae , Amanah Hanim Zuhrotul , Cho Byoung-Kwan
Published: January 2025

Pork adulteration detection in beef is important due to health, economic, and religious concerns. This study explored the use of a Shortwave Near Infrared–Hyperspectral Imaging (SWNIR–HSI) system which captured spectral data across 894–2504 nm to detect adulteration of pork in beef. In this study, minced pork in various concentrations ranging from 0–50% (w/w) were added to pure minced beef. Spectra obtained from the SWNIR–HSI were used to develop a partial least square regression (PLSR) model. The study compared the PLSR results between full wavelengths (variables) and selected wavelengths obtained via the variable importance in projection (VIP) method. The best results from the full-wavelength PLSR model yielded a prediction accuracy (R2P) of 0.940 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 4.633%, while using VIP-selected wavelengths improved performance, with R2P of 0.955 and SEP of 3.811%. The study demonstrates the potency of SWNIR–HIS, particularly with selected wavelengths, as an effective and nondestructive tool for accurately predicting pork adulteration levels in beef.