bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syneresis in Gels of Highly Ferulated Arabinoxylans: Characterization of Covalent Cross-Linking, Rheology, and Microstructure
Authors: Morales-Burgos Ana , Carvajal-Millan Elizabeth , López-Franco Yolanda , Rascón-Chu Agustín , Lizardi-Mendoza Jaime , Sotelo-Cruz Norberto , Brown-Bojórquez Francisco , Burgara-Estrella Alexel , Pedroza-Montero Martin
Published: May 2017

Arabinoxylans (AXs) with high ferulic acid (FA) content (7.18 µg/mg AXs) were cross-linked using laccase. Storage (G’) modulus of AX solutions at 1% (AX-1) and 2% (AX-2) (w/v) registered maximum values of 409 Pa and 889 Pa at 180 min and 83 min, respectively. Atomic force microscopy revealed the grained and irregular surface of the AX-1 gel and the smoother surface without significant depressions of the AX-2 gel. Cured AX gels exhibited a liquid phase surrounding the samples indicating syneresis. The syneresis ratio percentage (% Rs) of the gels was registered over time reaching stabilization at 20 h. The % Rs was not significantly different between AX-1 (60.0%) and AX-2 (62.8%) gels. After 20 h of syneresis development, the dimers of the FA in the AX-1 and AX-2 gels significantly increased by 9% and 78%, respectively; moreover, the trimers of the FA in the AX-1 and AX-2 gels, by 94% and 300%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that, after syneresis stabilization, AX gels presented a more compact microstructure. Syneresis development in the gels of highly ferulated AXs could be related to the polymer network contraction due to the additional formation of dimers and trimers of the FA (cross-linking structures), which may act like a “zipping” process, increasing the polymer chains′ connectivity.
Effect of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Poly(lactic acid) on the Properties of Its Hybrid Fiber Biocomposites
Authors: Birnin-Yauri Abubakar , Ibrahim Nor , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Abdan Khalina , Then Yoon , Chieng Buong
Published: May 2017

This work investigated the effect of maleic anhydride (MA)-modified poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is melt-blended with different untreated and aqueous borax (BR)-treated hybrid oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (EFBF)/Kenaf core fibers (KCF), and compression-molded into corresponding hybrid biocomposites. These hybrid systems includes BR-treated EFBF/BR-treated KCF reinforced MA-modified PLA i.e., BR(EFBF-KCF)-MAPLA, BR-treated EFBF/BR-treated KCF reinforced unmodified PLA i.e., BR(EFBF-KCF)-PLA, untreated EFBF/untreated KCF reinforced MA-modified PLA i.e., EFBF-KCF-MAPLA, and untreated EFBF/untreated KCF reinforced unmodified PLA i.e., EFBF-KCF-PLA respectively. Characterizations of the hybrid systems revealed that optimal mechanical, physical, morphological, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were provided by the BR(EFBF-KCF)-MAPLA, resulting from improved interface adhesion, consequent of the synergistic influence of BR treatment of natural fibers, and the compatibilization effect provided by the MA-modified PLA. The grafting degree and efficiency of MA onto the PLA backbone was appreciable, as indicated by direct titration, and through monitoring using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); thus the MA-modified PLA facilitated the formation of strong interface adhesion with the BR-treated hybrid fibers. The BR(EFBF-KCF)-MAPLA showed promising properties for usage as a bio-inspired, and sustainable alternative fiberboard article.
Gated Convolutional Neural Network for Semantic Segmentation in High-Resolution Images
Authors: Wang Hongzhen , Wang Ying , Zhang Qian , Xiang Shiming , Pan Chunhong
Published: May 2017

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental task in remote sensing image processing. The large appearance variations of ground objects make this task quite challenging. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown outstanding performance in this task. A common strategy of these methods (e.g., SegNet) for performance improvement is to combine the feature maps learned at different DCNN layers. However, such a combination is usually implemented via feature map summation or concatenation, indicating that the features are considered indiscriminately. In fact, features at different positions contribute differently to the final performance. It is advantageous to automatically select adaptive features when merging different-layer feature maps. To achieve this goal, we propose a gated convolutional neural network to fulfill this task. Specifically, we explore the relationship between the information entropy of the feature maps and the label-error map, and then a gate mechanism is embedded to integrate the feature maps more effectively. The gate is implemented by the entropy maps, which are generated to assign adaptive weights to different feature maps as their relative importance. Generally, the entropy maps, i.e., the gates, guide the network to focus on the highly-uncertain pixels, where detailed information from lower layers is required to improve the separability of these pixels. The selected features are finally combined to feed into the classifier layer, which predicts the semantic label of each pixel. The proposed method achieves competitive segmentation accuracy on the public ISPRS 2D Semantic Labeling benchmark, which is challenging for segmentation by only using the RGB images.
Public Auditing with Privacy Protection in a Multi-User Model of Cloud-Assisted Body Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Song , Cui Jie , Zhong Hong , Liu Lu
Published: May 2017

Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) are gaining importance in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The modern medical system is a particular area where the WBSN techniques are being increasingly adopted for various fundamental operations. Despite such increasing deployments of WBSNs, issues such as the infancy in the size, capabilities and limited data processing capacities of the sensor devices restrain their adoption in resource-demanding applications. Though providing computing and storage supplements from cloud servers can potentially enrich the capabilities of the WBSNs devices, data security is one of the prevailing issues that affects the reliability of cloud-assisted services. Sensitive applications such as modern medical systems demand assurance of the privacy of the users’ medical records stored in distant cloud servers. Since it is economically impossible to set up private cloud servers for every client, auditing data security managed in the remote servers has necessarily become an integral requirement of WBSNs’ applications relying on public cloud servers. To this end, this paper proposes a novel certificateless public auditing scheme with integrated privacy protection. The multi-user model in our scheme supports groups of users to store and share data, thus exhibiting the potential for WBSNs’ deployments within community environments. Furthermore, our scheme enriches user experiences by offering public verifiability, forward security mechanisms and revocation of illegal group members. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the security effectiveness of our proposed scheme under the Random Oracle Model (ROM) by outperforming existing cloud-assisted WBSN models.
Real-Time Motion Tracking for Mobile Augmented/Virtual Reality Using Adaptive Visual-Inertial Fusion
Authors: Fang Wei , Zheng Lianyu , Deng Huanjun , Zhang Hongbo
Published: May 2017

In mobile augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), real-time 6-Degree of Freedom (DoF) motion tracking is essential for the registration between virtual scenes and the real world. However, due to the limited computational capacity of mobile terminals today, the latency between consecutive arriving poses would damage the user experience in mobile AR/VR. Thus, a visual-inertial based real-time motion tracking for mobile AR/VR is proposed in this paper. By means of high frequency and passive outputs from the inertial sensor, the real-time performance of arriving poses for mobile AR/VR is achieved. In addition, to alleviate the jitter phenomenon during the visual-inertial fusion, an adaptive filter framework is established to cope with different motion situations automatically, enabling the real-time 6-DoF motion tracking by balancing the jitter and latency. Besides, the robustness of the traditional visual-only based motion tracking is enhanced, giving rise to a better mobile AR/VR performance when motion blur is encountered. Finally, experiments are carried out to demonstrate the proposed method, and the results show that this work is capable of providing a smooth and robust 6-DoF motion tracking for mobile AR/VR in real-time.
Advanced IT-Based Future Sustainable Computing
Authors: Park Jong , Chao Han-Chieh
Published: May 2017

Future Sustainability Computing (FSC) is a novel research topic that deals with algorithms, procedures, and applications of information technologies for abundant life. In this Special Issue, we cover novel research and applications within the scope of sustainability computing dealing with hardware/software technologies, especially for frameworks and architectures. For example, topics include dynamic group management in Internet of Things (IoT); real-time video surveillance; security threats in Software Defined Network (SDN); real-time indoor Air-Quality level indicator; effectiveness of information systems security; load-balancing for inter-sensor convergence; neighbor discovery in sensor networks; transmission algorithm with Quality of Service (QoS) consideration; analysis of the relationship between Intrusion Detection System (IDS) alerts and darknet are included.
An Optimal Dispatch Model of Wind-Integrated Power System Considering Demand Response and Reliability
Authors: Xu Qingshan , Ding Yifan , Zheng Aixia
Published: May 2017

Demand response (DR) has become an impressive option in the deregulated power system due to its features of availability, quickness and applicability. In this paper, a novel economic dispatch model integrated with wind power is proposed, where incentive-based DR and reliability measures are taken into account. Compared with the conventional models, the proposed model considers customers’ power consumption response to the incentive price. The load profile is optimized with DR to depress the influence on the dispatch caused by the anti-peak-shaving and intermittence of wind generation. Furthermore, a probabilistic formulation is established to calculate the expected energy not supplied (EENS). This approach combines the probability distribution of the forecast errors of load and wind power, as well as the outage replacement rates of units into consideration. The cost of EENS is added into the objective to achieve an optimal equilibrium point between economy and reliability of power system operation. The proposed model is solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The applicability and effectiveness of this model is illustrated by numerical simulations tested on the IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System.
Compression Tests of ABS Specimens for UAV Components Produced via the FDM Technique
Authors: Brischetto Salvatore , Ferro Carlo , Maggiore Paolo , Torre Roberto
Published: May 2017

Additive manufacturing has introduced a great step in the manufacturing process of consumer goods. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and in particular 3D printers for home desktop applications are employed in the construction of prototypes, models and in general in non-structural objects. The aim of this new work is to characterize this process in order to apply this technology in the construction of aeronautical structural parts when stresses are not excessive. An example is the construction of the PoliDrone UAV, a multicopter patented, designed and realized by researchers at Politecnico di Torino. For this purpose, a statistical characterization of the mechanical properties of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) specimens in compression tests is proposed in analogy with the past authors’ work about the tensile characterization of ABS specimens. A desktop 3D printer, including ABS filaments as the material, has been employed. ASTM 625 has been considered as the reference normative. A capability analysis has also been used as a reference method to evaluate the boundaries of acceptance for both mechanical and dimensional performances. The statistical characterization and the capability analysis are here proposed in an extensive form in order to validate a general method that will be used for further tests in a wider context.
Insect-Active Toxins with Promiscuous Pharmacology from the African Theraphosid Spider Monocentropus balfouri
Authors: Smith Jennifer , Herzig Volker , Ikonomopoulou Maria , Dziemborowicz Sławomir , Bosmans Frank , Nicholson Graham , King Glenn
Published: May 2017

Many chemical insecticides are becoming less efficacious due to rising resistance in pest species, which has created much interest in the development of new, eco-friendly bioinsecticides. Since insects are the primary prey of most spiders, their venoms are a rich source of insect-active peptides that can be used as leads for new bioinsecticides or as tools to study molecular receptors that are insecticidal targets. In the present study, we isolated two insecticidal peptides, µ/ω-TRTX-Mb1a and -Mb1b, from venom of the African tarantula Monocentropus balfouri. Recombinant µ/ω-TRTX-Mb1a and -Mb1b paralyzed both Lucilia cuprina (Australian sheep blowfly) and Musca domestica (housefly), but neither peptide affected larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworms). Both peptides inhibited currents mediated by voltage-gated sodium (NaV) and calcium channels in Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) dorsal unpaired median neurons, and they also inhibited the cloned Blattella germanica (German cockroach) NaV channel (BgNaV1). An additional effect seen only with Mb1a on BgNaV1 was a delay in fast inactivation. Comparison of the NaV channel sequences of the tested insect species revealed that variations in the S1–S2 loops in the voltage sensor domains might underlie the differences in activity between different phyla.
Harnessing Local Immunity for an Effective Universal Swine Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Tchilian Elma , Holzer Barbara
Published: May 2017

Influenza A virus infections are a global health threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, contributing to decreased weight gain and suboptimal reproductive performance. Pigs are also a source of new viruses of mixed swine, avian, and human origin, potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Current inactivated vaccines induce neutralising antibody against the immunising strain but rapid escape occurs through antigenic drift of the surface glycoproteins. However, it is known that prior infection provides a degree of cross-protective immunity mediated by cellular immune mechanisms directed at the more conserved internal viral proteins. Here we review new data that emphasises the importance of local immunity in cross-protection and the role of the recently defined tissue-resident memory T cells, as well as locally-produced, and sometimes cross-reactive, antibody. Optimal induction of local immunity may require aerosol delivery of live vaccines, but it remains unclear how long protective local immunity persists. Nevertheless, a universal vaccine might be extremely useful for disease prevention in the face of a pandemic. As a natural host for influenza A viruses, pigs are both a target for a universal vaccine and an excellent model for developing human influenza vaccines.
Coupled Infiltration and Kinematic-Wave Runoff Simulation in Slopes: Implications for Slope Stability
Authors: Johnson J. , Loáiciga Hugo
Published: May 2017

Shallow translational slides are common in slopes during heavy rainfall. The classic model for the occurrence of translational slides in long slopes assumes rising saturation above a slip surface that reduces the frictional strength by decreasing the effective stress along soil discontinuities. The classic model for translational slope failure does not conform well to the nature of homogenous soils that do not exhibit discontinuities propitious to create perched groundwater over the soil discontinuity or slip surface. This paper develops an alternative methodology for the coupled numerical simulation of runoff and infiltration caused by variable rainfall falling on a slope. The advancing depth of infiltration is shown to affect the translational stability of long slopes subjected to rainfall, without assuming the perching of soil water over the slip surface. This new model offers an alternative mechanism for the translational stability of slopes that are saturated from the slope surface downwards. A computational example illustrates this paper’s methodology.
Une ville jurchen au temps des Ming (XIVe-XVIIe siècle) : Huifacheng, un carrefour économique et culturel
Authors: Sebillaud Pauline , Xiaoxi Liu
Published: May 2017

Le site de Huifacheng est occupé par les Jurchen Haixi entre le XIVe et le début du XVIIe siècle. L’étude archéologique de cette ville dévoile les modes de vie des Jurchen du sud de la province du Jilin au temps des Ming. Vivant dans des maisons dont la construction et le mobilier domestique sont issus de traditions locales, les habitants pratiquaient l’agriculture, la chasse et la pêche. L’analyse des modes de construction et de réfection des fortifications met en lumière la fonction militaire de cette ville à l’emplacement stratégique. L’étude de certains éléments de mobilier laisse deviner des influences culturelles apportées par les Jurchen Haixi du sud-est de la Russie et la persistance des pratiques chamaniques. Enfin, la découverte de porcelaines importées de l’empire Ming montre qu’il s’agit d’un site parfaitement intégré aux réseaux commerciaux de cet empire et met en lumière l’importance des liens des Huifa avec les habitants de la région de Fuyu, autre lieu important de découverte de porcelaines de Jingdezhen dans la plaine du nord-est de la Chine.
The Image of the Deceased in Koguryŏ Funerary Art (4th–5th Centuries AD): A Comparison between the Ji’an (China) and Pyongyang (Korea) Regions
Authors: Perrin Ariane
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the image of the deceased in Koguryŏ tomb mural art in the two Koguryŏ core areas : the Ji’an region in northeast China and the vicinity of Pyongyang in North Korea. Although tombs in both regions feature a similar imagery, its location within the stone chamber, its association with other pictorial elements, as well as the pictorial style are regionally distinctive. Based on a corpus of twenty-seven painted tombs containing the image of the deceased or partial evidence of it, this study shows that funerary portraiture in tombs of the Pyongyang region connects the tombs’ occupant to their official class, as revealed by the use of the official paraphernalia signifying prestige and power (i.e. curtained canopy, screen and cap). These elements are not found in the tombs of the Ji’an region. It is also significant that procession scenes, which are closely associated with the image of the deceased, appear only in tombs of the Pyongyang area.
Pelvic limb alignment measured by computed tomography in purebred English Bulldogs with medial patellar luxation
Authors: Lusetti Filippo , Bonardi Andrea , Eid Chadi , De Bellesini Anna , Maria Martini Filippo
Published: May 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the differences in pelvic limb alignment between healthy purebred English Bulldogs and those with medial patellar luxation through the measurement of femoral and tibial angles on computed tomography images in multiplanar reconstruction modality (MPRCT).

Methods: Twenty-one purebred English Bulldogs were included and divided into two groups: one including healthy dogs (15 limbs) and the other including those with medial patellar luxation (24 limbs). Three different observers used MPR-CT to measure the following angles: anatomical lateral proximal femoral angle (aLPFA), anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle (mLPFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), angle of inclination of the femoral neck (AI), angle of anteversion (AA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), mechanical medial distal tibial angle (mMDTA), mechanical caudal distal tibial angle (mCdDTA), mechanical caudal proximal tibial angle (mCdPTA), and the tibial torsion angle (TTA). A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare each variable in both groups.

Results: The values for aLDFA and mLDFA in the medial patellar luxation population were significantly increased compared to healthy subjects (p <0.05). No significant differences were observed for the other variables.

Clinical significance: In our population, an increased distal femoral varus was associated with medial patellar luxation. Our results could be useful to determine whether or not angular deformity of the femur is present and help determine the degree of correction necessary to restore alignment.

ORCID iD:

FMM: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-2540
Role and Regulation of p65/β-Catenin Association During Liver Injury and Regeneration: A “Complex” Relationship
Authors: Nejak-Bowen Kari , Moghe Akshata , Cornuet Pamela , Preziosi Morgan , Nagarajan Shanmugam , Monga Satdarshan P.
Published: May 2017

An important role for β-catenin in regulating p65 (a subunit of NF-κB) during acute liver injury has recently been elucidated through use of conditional β-catenin knockout mice, which show protection from apoptosis through increased activation of p65. Thus, we hypothesized
that the p65/β-catenin complex may play a role in regulating processes such as cell proliferation during liver regeneration. We show through in vitro and in vivo studies that the p65/β-catenin complex is regulated through the TNF-α pathway and not through Wnt signaling. However,
this complex is unchanged after partial hepatectomy (PH), despite increased p65 and β-catenin nuclear translocation as well as cyclin D1 activation. We demonstrate through both in vitro silencing experiments and chromatin immunoprecipitation after PH that β-catenin, and not p65,
regulates cyclin D1 expression. Conversely, using reporter mice we show p65 is activated exclusively in the nonparenchymal (NPC) compartment during liver regeneration. Furthermore, stimulation of macrophages by TNF-α induces activation of NF-κB and subsequent secretion of Wnts
essential for β-catenin activation in hepatocytes. Thus, we show that β-catenin and p65 are activated in separate cellular compartments during liver regeneration, with p65 activity in NPCs contributing to the activation of hepatocyte β-catenin, cyclin D1 expression, and subsequent proliferation.
The effect of cyclodextrin complexation on the solubility and photostability of nerolidol as pure compound and as main constituent of cabreuva essential oil
Authors: Azzi Joyce , Danjou Pierre-Edouard , Landy David , Ruellan Steven , Auezova Lizette , Greige-Gerges Hélène , Fourmentin Sophie
Published: May 2017

Nerolidol (Ner), a major component of many plant essential oils, is known for its various biological properties. However, the low solubility of Ner in water and its susceptibility to degradation limit its application. The aim of our study was to improve the solubility and photostability of Ner through its encapsulation in different cyclodextrins (CDs). The formation constants of cis-, trans-Ner and their commercial mixture with various CDs (α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD, HP-β-CD, RAMEB, CRYSMEB and SBE-β-CD) were determined by phase solubility studies and confirmed by the spectral displacement UV-visible method. The solubility of cabreuva essential oil (EO) rich in trans-Ner was also evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The encapsulation efficiency (EE %) of Ner in HP-β-CD solid complexes was assessed by HPLC. The structural characterization of CD/trans-Ner inclusion complex was then conducted by NMR spectroscopy followed by molecular modelling studies. The effect of encapsulation on the Ner photostability was also carried out over time under UVB irradiation. AL-type phase-solubility diagrams were obtained, suggesting the formation of 1:1 CD/Ner inclusion complexes. The solubility of Ner was enhanced by approximately 70-fold in the presence of 10 mM HP-β-CD. Moreover, high EE % values were obtained for 5:1 and 10:1 HP-β-CD:Ner molar ratios. NMR and molecular modelling studies revealed the most stable structure for trans-Ner inside the CD cavity with the OH group oriented towards the wider rim of the CD. Finally, CD encapsulation of Ner as pure compound or as main component of the cabreuva EO, protected it from degradation. This effect was more pronounced as the concentration of CD increased. These findings suggested that CDs are promising encapsulating carriers for Ner by enhancing its solubility and stability and thereby its application in food industry.
Nietzsche, lecteur de Pascal : « le seul chrétien logique »
Authors: Lebreton Lucie
Published: May 2017

L’importance de la figure de Pascal dans la pensée de Nietzsche ressort de la formule qu’il lui consacre, celle de « chrétien logique  ». Pascal incarne selon lui le conflit entre le christianisme et la morale qui en est issue, donc entre la foi chrétienne et la probité scientifique, liées entre elles par l’idée que Dieu est vérité, que la vérité est divine. Parce qu’il considère sa pensée comme une manière, pour le christianisme, de se surmonter lui-même, Nietzsche n’hésite pas à voir en Pascal l’un de ses précurseurs.
Travail, souffrance et défenses : du groupe au collectif
Authors: Gernet Isabelle
Published: May 2017

L’article propose de discuter, du point de vue de la psychodynamique du travail, des enjeux subjectifs du travail en centrant l’analyse sur le rapport individuel et collectif au réel et aux difficultés de la tâche. La rencontre avec le réel, qui est à l’origine du vécu de souffrance, mobilise des processus psychiques spécifiques déployés dans le cadre la dynamique de la reconnaissance, ou encore des défenses individuelles et collectives. De ce fait, l’action et les modalités d’intervention proposées s’attachent précisément à repérer, à partir de l’analyse de la souffrance, les défenses mobilisées et leurs incidences sur l’activité de travail. Une discussion critique des processus psychiques groupaux sera proposée dans la mesure où l’intervention ne s’appuie pas directement sur l’analyse des manifestations de l’inconscient, bien que la psychanalyse soit le référentiel théorique privilégié dans l’analyse des enjeux psychiques du travail.
Groupes d’analyse de pratiques pour enseignants. Mise en perspective de trois dispositifs inspirés du « groupe Balint »
Authors: Dubois Arnaud , Lerner-Seï Sophie , Blanchard-Laville Claudine
Published: May 2017

Les auteurs, tous trois impliqués dans l’animation de groupes d’analyse clinique de pratiques professionnelles auprès d’enseignants, proposent de mettre en perspective trois dispositifs conçus par Jacques Lévine, Francis Imbert et Claudine Blanchard-Laville pour lesquels l’influence des travaux de Michael Balint a été prépondérante. Comment, à partir de cet ancrage commun référé à la psychanalyse, ces cliniciens ont-ils élaboré leur propre dispositif d’analyse de pratiques ? En quoi sont-ils proches ou éloignés ? Après avoir retracé brièvement l’émergence des premiers groupes Balint dans le champ de l’enseignement et de la formation, les auteurs s’arrêtent sur chacun de ces trois dispositifs dans lesquels ils analysent successivement l’objet du travail, le déroulement des séances, les références théoriques mobilisées par les animateurs et leur rapport à l’institution. Prenant appui sur un matériel constitué d’articles, de témoignages, d’extraits de séances retranscrites, ils mettent en exergue ce qui fait la singularité de ces trois démarches qu’ils relient à la formation, au parcours professionnel et aux références théoriques de leurs initiateurs.
De la mémoire trouée à la parentalité empêchée : clinique de la transmission psychique après un génocide
Authors: Veuillet-Combier Claudine , Katz-Gilbert Muriel
Published: May 2017

Il est proposé de réfléchir à la question du génocide et ses effets inconscients sur le projet de parentalité des survivants et leurs descendants, en termes de transmission psychique à travers les générations. En illustration est présentée la situation de rencontre avec madame B, dont le passé ancestral est marqué par la Shoah, avec la libre réalisation de son arbre généalogique comme outil clinique de recherche. Ce qui est souligné alors, c’est comment la trace de l’expérience traumatique logée dans le silence des mots peut venir livrer un héritage traumatique bloquant l’accès au devenir parent.
Development as a Battlefield
Authors: Bono Irene , Hibou Béatrice
Published: May 2017

Conflict and development are commonly understood as two contradictory phenomena. Some apparently self-evident ideas, such as gaps in development being a source of conflict and social and political conflict being a major obstacle to development, have been revitalised by the debate about the Arab Spring and used to orient development projects in the MENA region. This chapter aims to explore a radically different perspective: we conceive development as a complex social relationship, involving a vast constellation of actors, interests, logics, spaces, causalities and temporalities, and we consider conflict in a multidimensional sense, as an expression of struggle, competition, tension, resistance, opposition and critique. Conceived in these terms, conflict and development appear to be strictly interlinked rather than opposites. Three particular configurations characterise development as a ‘battlefield’: conflicts that create consensus around development; consensus as an expression of conflict; and the definition of legitimate conflicts. There is special focus on the interconnection between different temporal layers characterising the formation of the state and the transformation of capitalism, and the consequences of development for society, the assertion of sovereignty, the definition of social order and how people conduct their lives. This examination of the links between development and conflict thus sheds fresh light on injustice, inequality, modes of government and on how people interpret and live in political society far beyond the MENA region.
Influencing Factors for Adopting Technology Enhanced Learning in the Medical Schools of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Shazia , Ahmad Shahzad , Willis Ian
Published: May 2017

As the successful establishment of technology supported educational systems requires wide investment in terms of finances and faculty time, this study explores the influencing factors in the adoption of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) and the main barriers encountered during the use of TEL in Punjab, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical educators and thematic analysis was carried out using Nvivo-10. The study participants were well aware of educational technologies and stated that the influencing factors for adoption of TEL were self-effort, motivation, a personal positive approach and departmental policy. The institutions were well equipped with resources but the main problem was the lack of faculty training and institutional support. The study concludes that pedagogy is the main driver for the use of educational technologies. At the national level, it is suggested that governing bodies can provide definite polices and guidelines for the implementation of TEL. Therefore, it is advocated that recognizing online courses can enhance potential learners' interest to enroll for e-learning programmes. At the institutional level, it is proposed to encourage the establishment of institutional policies and the organization of workshops for faculty training. At an individual level, it is stressed that there is a basic requirement to develop a technology-oriented culture partly by sharing the power and expertise among the department heads and faculty members.
Trayectorias de mujeres bolivianas en áreas rurales y urbanas de Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Moreno Marta Silvia , Martínez Espínola María Victoria
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo intenta explorar las potencialidades de un abordaje cuali-comparativo de las trayectorias diferenciales de mujeres bolivianas que residen actualmente en la provincia de Mendoza y se desempeñan en dos segmentos del mercado de trabajo destinados a migrantes recientes, como lo son la agricultura en contextos rurales y el comercio informal en espacios urbanos. Desde una perspectiva de género, analizamos las trayectorias migratorias y laborales de estas mujeres a partir de dos investigaciones realizadas entre 2010 y la actualidad en Ugarteche (distrito de Luján de Cuyo que convoca a trabajadores/as agrícolas) y Belgrano (distrito urbano de Guaymallén, departamento del Gran Mendoza, donde tiene un fuerte peso el comercio en ferias emplazadas en espacios públicos). Así, buscamos poner en diálogo algunos hallazgos de investigación basados en distintos contextos laborales y espaciales, que comparten algunas dimensiones relevantes, como la unidad temporal de investigación, la metodología empleada, los lugares de procedencia de las entrevistadas y sus grupos de edad.
Determination of cell fate in skeletal muscle following BMP gene transfer by in vivo electroporation
Authors: Kawai Mariko , Ohmori Yu-Ki , Nishino Mai , Yoshida Masayo , Tabata Kaori , Hirota Do-Saku , Ryu-Mon Ayako , Yamamoto Hiromitsu , Sonobe Junya , Kataoka Yo-Hei , Shiotsu Noriko , Ikegame Mika , Maruyama Hiroki , Yamamoto Toshio , Bessho Kazuhisa , Ohura Kiyoshi
Published: May 2017

We previously developed a novel method for gene transfer, which combined a non-viral gene expression vector with transcutaneous in vivo electroporation. We applied this method to transfer the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene and induce ectopic bone formation in rat skeletal muscles. At present, it remains unclear which types of cells can differentiate into osteogenic cells after BMP gene transfer by in vivo electroporation. Two types of stem cells in skeletal muscle can differentiate into osteogenic cells: muscle-derived stem cells, and bone marrow-derived stem cells in the blood. In the present study, we transferred the BMP gene into rat skeletal muscles. We then stained tissues for several muscle-derived stem cell markers (e.g., Pax7, M-cadherin), muscle regeneration-related markers (e.g., Myod1, myogenin), and an inflammatory cell marker (CD68) to follow cell differentiation over time. Our results indicate that, in the absence of BMP, the cell population undergoes muscle regeneration, whereas in its presence, it can differentiate into osteogenic cells. Commitment towards either muscle regeneration or induction of ectopic bone formation appears to occur five to seven days after BMP gene transfer.
“Li riconoscerete dai loro frutti”: cosa possiamo aspettarci da una legge sul fine vita
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: May 2017

Non disponibile / Not available
Initiation of secondary ice production in clouds
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia C. , Hoose Corinna , Kiselev Alexei , Leisner Thomas , Nenes Athanasios
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Disparities between the measured concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INP) and in-cloud ice crystal number concentrations (ICNC) have led to the hypothesis that mechanisms other than primary nucleation form ice in the atmosphere. Here, we model three of these secondary production mechanisms – rime splintering, frozen droplet shattering, and breakup upon collision – with a six-hydrometeor-class parcel model. We perform three sets of simulations to understand temporal evolution of ice hydrometeor number (Nice), thermodynamic limitations, and the impact of parametric uncertainty when secondary production is active. Output is assessed in terms of the number of primarily nucleated ice crystals that must exist before secondary production initiates (NINP(lim)), as well as the ICNC enhancement from secondary production and the timing of a 100-fold enhancement. Nice evolution can be understood in terms of collision-based non-linearity and the ``phasedness'' of the process, i.e., whether it involves ice hydrometeors, liquid ones, or both. Breakup is the only process for which a meaningful NINP(lim) exists (0.002 L−1 up to 0.07 L−1). For droplet shattering and rime splintering, a warm enough cloud base temperature and modest updraft are the more important criteria for initiation. The low values of NINP(lim) here suggest that, under appropriate thermodynamic conditions for secondary ice production, perturbations in CCN concentrations are more influential on mixed-phase partitioning than those in INP concentrations.
EPN-Repro2: A reference GNSS tropospheric data set over Europe
Authors: Pacione Rosa , Araszkiewicz Andrzej , Brockmann Elmar , Dousa Jan
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The present availability of 18+ years of GNSS data belonging to the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN, http://www.epncb.oma.be/) is a valuable database for the development of a climate data record of GNSS tropospheric products over Europe. This data record can be used as a reference for a variety of scientific applications (e.g. validation of regional numerical weather prediction reanalyses and climate model simulations) and has a high potential for monitoring trends and the variability in atmospheric water vapour. In the framework of the EPN-Repro2, the second reprocessing campaign of the EPN, five Analysis Centres homogenously reprocessed the EPN network for the period 1996–2014. A huge effort has been made to provide solutions that are the basis for deriving new coordinates, velocities and tropospheric parameters for the entire EPN. The individual contributions are then combined to provide the official EPN reprocessed products. This paper is focused on the EPN-Repro2 tropospheric product. The combined product is described along with its evaluation against radiosonde data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data.
Mechanism of groundwater inrush hazard caused by solution mining in multilayer rock salt mine area: a case study in Tongbai County, China
Authors: Zeng Bin , Shi Tingting , Chen Zhihua , Xiang Liu , Xiang Shaopeng , Yang Muyi
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The solution mining of salt mineral resources may contaminate groundwater and lead to water inrush out of the ground due to brine leakage. Taking a serious groundwater inrush hazard in a large salt mining area with three different types of ore beds which are trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3 · NaHCO3 · 2H2O, is a non-marine evaporite mineral), glauber (sodium sulfate, is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates) and gypsum (a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4 · 2H2O) in Tongbai County of China as an example, this paper mainly aims to analyse the source and channel of the inrush water. Based on the understanding of geological and hydrogeological conditions, the study obtained hydrochemical data of groundwater at different points and depths first; and then analysed the pollution source and pollutant component from single or mixed brines by both physical-chemical reaction principle analysis and hydrogeochemistry simulation method; finally possible leakage brine conducting channel to the ground had been discussed from both geological and artificial aspects. The results reveal that the brine from the trona mine is the major pollution source; the fissure zone in NW–SE direction controlled by the geological structure provides the main channels for the leakage brine to flow into the aquifer around the water inrush regions, and a large number of waste gypsum exploration boreholes are the channels that supply the polluted groundwater inrush out of the ground. The research can offer a valuable reference for avoiding and assessing groundwater inrush hazard in similar rock salt mining area, which is advantageous for both groundwater quality protection and resident health.
Response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change across China
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Zhang Tingjun , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Wang Kang , Cao Bin , Zhong Xinyue , Su Hang , Mu Cuicui
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change has repercussions for the surface energy and water balance, ecosystems, the carbon cycle, and soil nutrient exchange. Despite its importance, the response of soil freeze depth to climate change is largely unknown. This study employs the Stefan solution and observations from 845 meteorological stations to investigate the response of variations in soil freeze depth to climate change across China. Observations include daily air temperatures, daily soil temperatures at various depths, mean monthly gridded air temperatures, and the normalized difference vegetation index. Results show that soil freeze depth decreased significantly at a rate of −0.18 ± 0.03 cm yr−1, resulting in a net decrease of 8.05 ± 1.5 cm over 1967–2012 across China. On the regional scale, soil freeze depth decreases varied between 0.0 and 0.4 cm yr−1 in most parts of China during 1950–2009. By investigating potential climatic and environmental driving factors of soil freeze depth variability, we find that mean annual air temperature and ground surface temperature, air thawing index, ground surface thawing index, and vegetation growth are all negatively associated with soil freeze depth. Changes in snow depth are not correlated with soil freeze depth. Air and ground surface freezing indices are positively correlated with soil freeze depth. Comparing these potential driving factors of soil freeze depth, we find that freezing index and vegetation growth are more strongly correlated with soil freeze depth, while snow depth is not significant. We conclude that air temperature increases are responsible for the decrease in seasonal freeze depth. These results are important for understanding the soil freeze–thaw dynamics and the impacts of soil freeze depth on ecosystem and hydrological process.
Location and distribution of micro-inclusions in the EDML and NEEM ice cores using optical microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Eichler Jan , Kleitz Ina , Bayer-Giraldi Maddalena , Jansen Daniela , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Shigeyama Wataru , Weikusat Christian , Weikusat Ilka
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Impurities control a variety of physical properties of polar ice. Their impact can be observed at all scales – from the microstructure (e.g., grain size and orientation) to the ice sheet flow behavior (e.g., borehole tilting and closure). Most impurities in ice form micrometer-sized inclusions. It has been suggested that these µ inclusions control the grain size of polycrystalline ice by pinning of grain boundaries (Zener pinning), which should be reflected in their distribution with respect to the grain boundary network. We used an optical microscope to generate high-resolution large-scale maps (3 µm pix−1, 8 × 2 cm2) of the distribution of micro-inclusions in four polar ice samples: two from Antarctica (EDML, MIS 5.5) and two from Greenland (NEEM, Holocene). The in situ positions of more than 5000 µ inclusions have been determined. A Raman microscope was used to confirm the extrinsic nature of a sample proportion of the mapped inclusions. A superposition of the 2-D grain boundary network and µ-inclusion distributions shows no significant correlations between grain boundaries and µ inclusions. In particular, no signs of grain boundaries harvesting µ inclusions could be found and no evidence of µ inclusions inhibiting grain boundary migration by slow-mode pinning could be detected. Consequences for our understanding of the impurity effect on ice microstructure and rheology are discussed.
Validation of satellite altimetry by kinematic GNSS in central East Antarctica
Authors: Schröder Ludwig , Richter Andreas , Fedorov Denis V. , Eberlein Lutz , Brovkov Evgeny V. , Popov Sergey V. , Knöfel Christoph , Horwath Martin , Dietrich Reinhard , Matveev Alexey Y. , Scheinert Mirko , Lukin Valery V.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Ice-surface elevation profiles of more than 30 000 km in total length are derived from kinematic GNSS (GPS and the Russian GLONASS) observations on sledge convoy vehicles along traverses between Vostok Station and the East Antarctic coast. These profiles have accuracies between 4 and 9 cm. They are used to validate elevation data sets from both radar and laser satellite altimetry as well as four digital elevation models. A crossover analysis with three different processing versions of Envisat radar altimetry elevation profiles yields a clear preference for the relocation method over the direct method of slope correction and for threshold retrackers over functional fit algorithms. The validation of CryoSat-2 low-resolution mode and SARIn mode data sets documents the progress made from baseline B to C elevation products. ICESat laser altimetry data are demonstrated to be accurate to a few decimetres over a wide range of surface slopes. A crossover adjustment in the region of subglacial Lake Vostok combining ICESat elevation data with our GNSS profiles yields a new set of ICESat laser campaign biases and provides new, independent evidence for the stability of the ice-surface elevation above the lake. The evaluation of the digital elevation models reveals the benefits of combining laser and radar altimetry.
Investigating the Local Scale Influence of Sea Ice on Greenland Surface Melt
Authors: Stroeve Julienne C. , Mioduszewski John R. , Rennermalm Asa , Boisvert Linette N. , Tedesco Marco , Robinson David
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Rapid decline in Arctic sea ice cover in the 21st century may have wide-reaching effects on the Arctic climate system, including the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. Here, we investigate whether local changes in sea ice around the Greenland ice sheet have had an impact on Greenland surface melt. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between sea ice concentration, the timing of melt onset and open water fraction surrounding Greenland with ice sheet surface melt using a combination of remote sensing observations, and outputs from a reanalysis model and a regional climate model for the period 1979–2015. Statistical analysis points to covariability between Greenland ice sheet surface melt and sea ice within Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. While some of this covariance can be explained by simultaneous influence of atmospheric circulation anomalies on both the sea ice cover and Greenland melt, within Baffin Bay we find a modest correlation between detrended melt onset over sea ice and the adjacent ice sheet melt onset. This correlation appears to be related to increased transfer of sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere in early sea ice melt years, increasing temperatures and humidity over the ice sheet that in turn initiate ice sheet melt.
La destrucción del mito resistencialista en la mode rétro: el caso de Patrick Modiano
Authors: Álvarez Gavela Ariadna
Published: May 2017

En la Francia de los años setenta irrumpió impetuosamente un movimiento de índole cultural conformado por un buen número de literatos y cineastas que posteriormente vieron aunadas sus creaciones bajo el rótulo de mode rétro. Esta moda de lo «retro» supuso un notable viraje en la relación de los franceses con el pasado de la Ocupación, garantizando el retorno de todas aquellas representaciones de los acontecimientos que habían sido reprimidas en el discurso oficial, completamente anquilosado en su intento de sustentar un mito en torno a los años de la guerra que para la generación de comienzos de los setenta resultaba un artificio insostenible. Tendrá lugar así una suerte de cruzada por la verdad de los anneés noires a la que, entre otros, contribuirá de una manera muy destacada Patrick Modiano con sus primeras producciones literarias.