bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound in sports traumatology
Authors: Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert , Perschk Maximilian , Gwinner Clemens
Published: November 2023

Background Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary diagnostic tool. New applications such as elastography and 3 D vascularization are used for special indications.

Method The purpose of this review is to present the current status of ultrasound in the diagnosis of sports injuries and sport traumatology including established applications and new technical advances. US is presented both in its comparison to other imaging modalities and as a sole diagnostic tool.

Results and Conclusion US can be used for initial diagnosis to improve the clinical examination and for intensive short-term follow-up imaging. The main areas of application are currently the diagnosis of acute muscle and tendon injuries as well as overuse injuries. In particular, the exclusion of structural muscle injuries can be adequately ensured with US in the majority of anatomical regions. The recently published guideline on fracture ultrasound has strengthened the clinical evidence in this area, especially in comparison to conventional radiography and in the development of algorithms and standards. The increasing use of mobile ultrasound equipment with adequate image quality makes US a location-independent modality that can also be used at training sites or during road games.

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Imaging findings and treatment in coccydynia – update of the recent study findings
Authors: Sukun Abdullah , Cankurtaran Tijen , Agildere Muhteşem , Weber Marc-André
Published: November 2023

Background Coccydynia is one of the most overlooked symptoms in clinical practice. The diagnosis and radiologic findings of traumatic coccyx can be more easily detected unless it is delayed and postponed. For idiopathic coccydynia, which accounts for one third of cases, patients present with long-standing pain and multiple physician visits.

Method The keywords coccyx, coccydynia, coccygodynia were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus databases in the last 5 years. Research articles, reviews and case reports were analyzed. The studies conducted in the last 5 years were presented under the headings of etiology, radiologic assessment, interventional and surgical treatments.

Results and Conclusion The first step is dynamic X-ray of the coccyx in standing and sitting position. In this way, morphologic parameters and hypermobility causing idiopathic coccydynia can be evaluated. Morphologic and morphometric features of the coccyx described in previous CT and MR studies have explained the relationship with coccydynia. The key features are as follows: Type II coccyx morphology, subluxation of the intercoccygeal joint, presence of bony spicules. Knowledge of these definitions as well as the differential diagnosis in this anatomical region will help in reaching the correct diagnosis. The treatment of coccydynia is stepwise like the diagnosis. Conservative treatments are initiated first. Manipulations, ganglion impar block, injections, radiofrequency and shock treatments and finally coccygectomy are treatment methods reported. Radiologists should not overlook this region and should be familiar with the coccyx’s morphologic appearance and the sacrococcygeal region’s differential diagnosis.

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Device-assisted enteroscopy performance measures in the United Kingdom: DEEP-UK quality improvement project
Authors: Despott Edward J. , Sanders David S. , Shiha Mohamed G. , Sidhu Reena , Lucaciu Laura A. , Palmer-Jones Christopher , Ayeboa-Sallah Benjamin , Lazaridis Nikolaos , Eckersley Robert , Hiner George E. , Maxfield Dominic , Shaheen Walaa , Abduljabbar Duaa , Hussain Muhammad A. , O’Hare Rosie , Phull Perminder S. , Eccles John , Caddy Grant R. , Butt Mohammed A. , Kurup Arun , Chattree Amit , Hoare Jonathan , Jennings Jason , Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Collins Paul , Humphries Adam , Murino Alberto
Published: November 2023

Background Device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) has become a well-established diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of small-bowel pathology. We aimed to evaluate the performance measures for DAE across the UK against the quality benchmarks proposed by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE).

Methods We retrospectively collected data on patient demographics and DAE performance measures from electronic endoscopy records of consecutive patients who underwent DAE for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes across 12 enteroscopy centers in the UK between January 2017 and December 2022.

Results A total of 2005 DAE procedures were performed in 1663 patients (median age 60 years; 53% men). Almost all procedures (98.1%) were performed for appropriate indications. Double-balloon enteroscopy was used for most procedures (82.0%), followed by single-balloon enteroscopy (17.2%) and spiral enteroscopy (0.7%). The estimated depth of insertion was documented in 73.4% of procedures. The overall diagnostic yield was 70.0%. Therapeutic interventions were performed in 42.6% of procedures, with a success rate of 96.6%. Overall, 78.0% of detected lesions were marked with a tattoo. Patient comfort was significantly better with the use of deep sedation compared with conscious sedation (99.7% vs. 68.5%; P<0.001). Major adverse events occurred in only 0.6% of procedures.

Conclusions Performance measures for DAE in the UK meet the ESGE quality benchmarks, with high diagnostic and therapeutic yields, and a low incidence of major adverse events. However, there is room for improvement in optimizing sedation practices, standardizing the depth of insertion documentation, and adopting marking techniques to aid in the follow-up of detected lesions.
Biliary Tract Cancer: Molecular Biology of Precursor Lesions
Authors: Manzano-Núñez Fátima , Prates Tiago Aguilar Lara , Sempoux Christine , Lemaigre Frédéric P.
Published: November 2023

Biliary tract cancer is a devastating malignancy of the bile ducts and gallbladder with a dismal prognosis. The study of precancerous lesions has received considerable attention and led to a histopathological classification which, in some respects, remains an evolving field. Consequently, increasing efforts have been devoted to characterizing the molecular pathogenesis of the precursor lesions, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression, and with the ultimate goal of meeting the challenges of early diagnosis and treatment. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms that initiate and promote the development of precursor lesions of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and of gallbladder carcinoma. It addresses the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic landscape of these precursors and provides an overview of animal and organoid models used to study them. In conclusion, this review summarizes the known molecular features of precancerous lesions in biliary tract cancer and highlights our fragmentary knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of tumor initiation.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides by an NIS/PPh3-Mediated Reductive Self-Coupling of Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Prasad Virendra , Yadav Ashvani , Gond Amrit
Published: November 2023

The present study discloses an NIS/PPh3-mediated reductive self-coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides to prepare symmetric diaryl disulfides. This methodology has a broad functional-group tolerance and a high scalability. This strategy permits the introduction of sulfonyl hydrazides into the synthesis of symmetrical organic disulfides without the use of a catalyst or base, and symmetrical aromatic disulfides can be prepared in moderate to excellent isolated yields from inexpensive and readily available starting materials.
Dearomatization of α-Unsubstituted β-Naphthols
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Ying , Feng Kongling , Zhao Ruinan , Zhu Cuiju
Published: November 2023

This Account summarizes the highly appealing dearomatization reactions of β-naphthols for the synthesis of highly functionalized, three-dimensional structures starting with simple planar aromatic compounds. The reactions are categorized mainly from the viewpoint of the construction of carbon–hydrogen, carbon–carbon, and carbon–hetero bonds (C–N/O, C–Cl, C–F) at the α-position of β-naphthols. The dearomatized products play an important role in organic synthesis and materials science.

1 Introduction

2 Construction of Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds at the α-Position of β-Naphthols

3 Construction of Carbon–Carbon Bonds at the α-Position of β-Naphthols

4 Construction of Carbon–Nitrogen/Oxygen Double Bond at the α-Position of β-Naphthols

5 Construction of Carbon–Carbon and Carbon–Oxygen Bonds at the α-Position of β-Naphthols

6 Construction of Carbon–Halogen Bonds at the α-Position of β-Naphthols

7 Conclusion
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Post-Bolus Magnesium Levels in the Obstetric Patient
Authors: De Zoysa Madushka Y. , Westermann Melissa , Yang Tyler , Chung Judith H.
Published: November 2023

Objective In the setting of a growing obese obstetric population, we sought to determine whether differences in body mass index (BMI) and obesity class influenced both serum magnesium levels and the likelihood of achieving therapeutic levels for eclampsia prophylaxis after standard boluses of magnesium sulfate.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with magnesium sulfate in the setting of either preeclampsia with severe features or preterm labor between 2010 and 2016. Subjects were categorized by BMI: Normal (BMI < 30 kg/m2), Class 1 (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2), Class 2 (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2), and Class 3 (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). Study participants' demographics, intrapartum characteristics, and adverse reactions were compared among the groups. Logistic regression models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios comparing the likelihood of each BMI class reaching therapeutic eclamptic prophylactic levels. Linear regression models were also evaluated to determine the relationship between BMI and post-bolus serum magnesium levels.

Results Of the 760 people who met the inclusion criteria, 313 (41.1%) had normal BMI, 190 (25.0%) had Class 1 obesity, 135 (17.8%) had Class 2 obesity, and 122 (16.1%) had Class 3 obesity. When adjusted for confounders, those with Class 1 obesity were 54% less likely to achieve serum levels deemed therapeutic for seizure prophylaxis compared with normal BMI counterparts. Meanwhile, those with Class 2 or 3 obesity were 90% less likely. Linear regression models also demonstrated an inverse association between BMI and post-bolus serum magnesium levels.

Conclusion Increasing BMI has a significant effect on post-bolus serum magnesium levels regardless of standard loading dose used. Immediately after bolus administration, obese gravidas are significantly less likely to reach levels effective for eclamptic seizure prophylaxis. When considering which bolus to administer in an obese gravida, it may be more beneficial to choose a 6 g load.

Key Points
Subjectivity and algorithmic imaginaries: the algorithmic other
Authors: Gandini Alessandro , Gerosa Alessandro , Giuffrè Luca , Keeling Silvia
Published: November 2023

The notion of algorithmic imaginaries has been affirmed as an important heuristic to understand the functioning of social media algorithms through the account of users’ individual and collective experiences. Yet, the relationship between algorithmic imaginaries and users’ subjective engagement with social media, considering the personalised circulation of content on these platforms, demands further expansion. To fill this gap, the article introduces the notion of the algorithmic other, conceived as complementary to that of algorithmic imaginaries. Building on small-scale qualitative research on everyday online news consumption in Italy, we show how users engage in ‘othering’ the algorithm(s), which we describe as a process of counter-subjectivation that users enact in response to their own individuation as digital and data subjects. We explore the main dimensions of this process, arguing that it represents a by-product of the intense personalisation of their everyday user experience.
Scale transformation of place brands: a visual study of Xinhepu, Guangzhou
Authors: Zhang Jiayin , Lin Mingliang , Wang Min , Lin Yinbin
Published: November 2023

Place branding has become a popular strategy to promote place visibility and place image communication and gains attention in the field of city planning, geography, and place management. The contribution of geographical knowledge has been emphasized and discussed in recent place branding studies, including the role of geographical scale in branding strategies and management. However, current research mainly places the issues of scale from the top-down perspective of branding governance, and the bottom-up processes based on local culture and embodied experiences are overlooked. Drawing on participatory-based visual methodology, in the article, a combination of self‐directed photography, photo evaluation, eye-tracking experiment, and interview are employed to the scale transformation performance of place brands from the perspective of embodied experience. Taking Xinhepu in Guangzhou, China as a case study, the results show that both residents and nonresidents do not limit their perception of the Xinhepu brand to a microscale space but point to the city of Guangzhou. Specifically, the process of scale transformation of place brands is characterized by the interaction of temporal and spatial factors that provide possibilities for scale transformation. The physical landscape in space plays a role in place branding, while in time scale, Xinhepu connects Guangzhou’s past and present and is a microcosm of the city’s image and historical development; thus, in people’s embodied perception, Xinhepu can be transformed into a city brand through place culture creation. The article can provide a new explanation for the construction of place branding at multiple geographical scales and explore how the body’s unconscious, nonrepresentational rhythms play a role in place brand scale transformation.
Potential impacts of hydrogen band EMIC waves on the ion velocity distributions: MMS observations
Authors: Khan Abdullah , Abid A. A. , Hussain M. S. , Qureshi M. N. S. , Mehmood Shahid , Esmaeili Amin
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the influence of the hydrogen (H+) band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on the hydrogen and helium velocity distributions has been studied. The hydrogen band EMIC waves have been investigated in the inner magnetosphere using the magnetospheric multiscale mission. The EMIC waves for the frequency range typical frequency have been frequently observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and have received considerable attention for energy transport across the magnetosphere. In this manuscript, we studied the velocity distribution of cold/hot proton and helium ions at different times of the event under consideration. For cold (1–600 eV) hydrogen ions, the velocity distribution is directly proportional to the growth rate of the EMIC wave, whereas the hot (1–40 keV) hydrogen ions have a ring distribution, which are not strongly influenced by the growth of EMIC waves like cold hydrogen ions, but the helium (1 eV–40 keV) ions are rarely influenced by EMIC waves.
Experimental investigation on the characteristic and voltage of low-current vacuum arc in vacuum OLTC
Authors: Guo Jing , Shi Zongqian , Zhao Ziqiao , Sun Jiajia , Mo Yongpeng
Published: November 2023

Due to vacuum interrupter's excellent interruption performance, an increasing number of on-load tap-changers (OLTCs) have chosen it as a load changeover switch in recent years. The stability of the arcing process is crucial for the interruption since the vacuum interrupter in OLTC must break current frequently with the requirement of long electrical life. In this paper, experiments on butt contacts and axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts applied in OLTC were carried out in a demountable vacuum chamber, and the arcing process was investigated by a high-speed camera. Investigations were conducted on the effects of opening speed, opening phase, current amplitude, and AMF on arc characteristics, e.g., arc expansion and arc voltage. The experiment findings demonstrated that expansion and instability of arc increased with higher opening speed, number of cathode spots moving to the inclined surface decreased with shorter arcing time, and that cathode spots' propensity to form group cathode spots increased with higher current. AMF lessened the impact of high opening speed and high current on the arcing process. The investigation carried out in this paper helps to better understand the characteristics of arc evolution and the influence of some key factors, which may serve as a guide for improving the design and vacuum arc control of vacuum OLTCs.
Study of solid state plasma reconfigurable dipole based on SPiN diodes for high-integration communications
Authors: Su Han , Xi Xiaoli , He Xiaomin
Published: November 2023

A new solid state plasma reconfigurable dipole based on surface PiN diodes is presented for high-integration communications in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of several solid state plasma diode elements, which use the microwave characteristics of solid state plasma to realize the radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves. The plasma diode is designed and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer, and its size is 50 × 100 μm2. Measured results show that the plasma region appeared to be metal-like (carrier concentration is exceeding 1018 cm−3) when a forward bias is applied, and its steady-state current can reach 0.02 A. Based on these results, a high-integration reconfigurable dipole is designed with two working states at 2.21 and 3.01 GHz, and the overall dimensions of this dipole are 40 × 40 mm2. Other radiation performances are also discussed in this paper, which lay a good foundation for further studies.
A numerical study on wave overwash on viscoelastic floating covers using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Sree Dharma K. K. , Law Adrian Wing-Keung
Published: November 2023

Large floating covers on the water surface, such as very large floating platforms or ice covers in the marginal ice zone, can exhibit viscoelastic response during their interactions with progressive gravity waves. When the wave magnitude is exceedingly large, overtopping can also occur with wave overwash appearing on top of the cover. In the present study, we investigate the numerical simulations of the transient wave overwash on the viscoelastic floating cover using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach. In particular, a new numerical scheme is derived whereby the floating cover is represented through discretization into elementary rigid sections interconnected via rotational hinges with damping, with the hinge characteristics matching the viscoelastic properties of the cover. Both laminar viscosity and sub-particle-scale turbulence model for the water motion are considered in the SPH simulation. For validation, experiments of wave interaction with a viscoelastic floating cover with and without wave overtopping were also performed in the present study. The results show that SPH can predict well the wave reflection and transmission by the floating cover with transient overwash on top, as well as the threshold of incident wave steepness that initiates the wave overtopping. Overall, the current study demonstrates for the first time that SPH approach can be an effective tool to solve hydro-viscoelasticity problems by simulating the highly complex wave interactions with viscoelastic floating covers including overtopping.
Single-shot vector magnetic measurements using synchronous coherent population trapping resonance in a feedback compensation system
Authors: Pati Gour , Tripathi Renu , Pulido Mauricio
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate a real-time, single-shot vector magnetic measurement technique using synchronous coherent population trapping (SCPT) in an apparatus consisting of a small rubidium vapor cell. Vector modality of our magnetometer is enabled by designing a feedback system based on performing a peak-lock on a particularly strong 2ΩL magnetic resonance produced in the SCPT spectrum and compensating the external magnetic field via a three-axis field coil. With its current design, this magnetometer exhibits high sensitivities of approximately 155, 129, and 57pT/Hz in measuring the magnetic field vector components along the (x,y,z) axes. Sensitivities closer to the shot-noise limit can be achieved in the future by reducing the technical noise of our equipment and by employing a differential detection and polarization rotation measurement scheme in our system.
How important is the amount of exact exchange for spin-state energy ordering in DFT? Case study of molybdenum carbide cluster, Mo4C2
Authors: Hostaš Jiří , Pérez-Becerra Kevin O. , Calaminici Patrizia , Barrios-Herrera Lizandra , Lourenço Maicon Pierre , Tchagang Alain , Salahub Dennis R. , Köster Andreas M.
Published: November 2023

Since the form of the exact functional in density functional theory is unknown, we must rely on density functional approximations (DFAs). In the past, very promising results have been reported by combining semi-local DFAs with exact, i.e. Hartree–Fock, exchange. However, the spin-state energy ordering and the predictions of global minima structures are particularly sensitive to the choice of the hybrid functional and to the amount of exact exchange. This has been already qualitatively described for single conformations, reactions, and a limited number of conformations. Here, we have analyzed the mixing of exact exchange in exchange functionals for a set of several hundred isomers of the transition metal carbide, Mo4C2. The analysis of the calculated energies and charges using PBE0-type functional with varying amounts of exact exchange yields the following insights: (1) The sensitivity of spin-energy splitting is strongly correlated with the amount of exact exchange mixing. (2) Spin contamination is exacerbated when correlation is omitted from the exchange-correlation functional. (3) There is not one ideal value for the exact exchange mixing which can be used to parametrize or choose among the functionals. Calculated energies and electronic structures are influenced by exact exchange at a different magnitude within a given distribution; therefore, to extend the application range of hybrid functionals to the full periodic table the spin-energy splitting energies should be investigated.
A critique on the suitability of Fer expansion in time-evolution studies in quantum mechanics
Authors: Ganguly Shreyan , Ramachandran Ramesh
Published: November 2023

The present report examines the utility and exactness of time-propagators derived from Fer expansion (FE). While the mathematical intricacies of the FE scheme are well established, the operational aspects of the same in time-evolution studies remain less explored and authenticated in physical problems of relevance. Through suitable examples, the operational inconsistencies observed in time-evolution studies based on the FE scheme are identified and corroborated through rigorous comparisons with simulations emerging from exact numerical methods. The limitations outlined seriously undermine the advantages associated with the FE scheme over other existing analytic methods.
Understanding why constant energy or constant temperature may affect nucleation behavior in MD simulations: A study of gas hydrate nucleation
Authors: Wang Lei , Kusalik Peter G.
Published: November 2023

Molecular dynamics simulations have been widely used in exploring the nucleation behavior of many systems, including gas hydrates. Gas hydrates are ice-like solids in which gas molecules are trapped in water cages. During hydrate formation, a considerable amount of heat is released, and previous work has reported that the choice of temperature control scheme may affect the behavior of hydrate formation. The origins of this effect have remained an open question. To address this question, extensive NVE simulations and thermostatted (NPT and NVT) simulations with different temperature coupling strengths have been performed and compared for systems where a water nanodroplet is immersed in a H2S liquid. Detailed analysis of the hydrate structures and their mechanisms of formation has been carried out. Slower nucleation rates in NVE simulations in comparison to NPT simulations have been observed in agreement with previous studies. Probability distributions for various temperature measures along with their spatial distributions have been examined. Interestingly, a comparison of these temperature distributions reveals a small yet noticeable difference in the widths of the distributions for water. The somewhat reduced fluctuations in the temperature for the water species in the NVE simulations appear to be responsible for reducing the hydrate nucleation rate. We further conjecture that the NVE-impeded nucleation rate may be the result of the finite size of the surroundings (here the liquid H2S portion of the system). Additionally, a local spatial temperature gradient arising from the heat released during hydrate formation could not be detected.
Machine learning predicted emission of water-stable CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Fonseca André Felipe Vale , Giarola Cintia Ellen , Carvalho Thais Adriany de Souza , Hojo de Souza Fernanda Sumika , Schiavon Marco Antônio
Published: November 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention and exhibit many attractive properties, including high absorption coefficient, adjustable bandgap, high brightness, long-term stability, and size-dependent emission. It is known that to obtain high-quality luminescent properties (i.e. emission color, color purity, quantum yield, and stability), the synthesis parameters must be precisely controlled. In this work, we have constructed a database with CdTe aqueous synthesis parameters and spectroscopic results and applied machine learning algorithms to better understand the influence of the main synthesis parameters of CdTe QDs on their final emission properties. A strong dependence of the final emission wavelength with the reaction time and surface ligands and precursors concentrations was demonstrated. These parameters adjusted synchronously were shown to be very useful for provide ideal synthesis conditions for the preparation of CdTe QDs with desirable emission wavelengths. Moreover, applying the algorithms correctly allows for obtaining information and insights into the growth kinetics of QDs under different synthetic conditions.
Continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy incorporating with an off-axis arrangement, white noise perturbation, and optical re-injection
Authors: Chu Wangyou , Li Zhenzhen , Gu Jieqiong , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yang , Zhao Dongfeng
Published: November 2023

We present an ultra-sensitive continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) spectrometer to record high resolution spectra of reactive radicals and ions in a pulsed supersonic plasma. The spectrometer employs a home-made external cavity diode laser as the tunable light source, with its wavelength modulated by radio-frequency white noise. The ringdown cavity with a finesse of ∼105 is arranged with an off-axis alignment. The combination of the off-axis cavity and the white-noise perturbed laser yields quasi-continuum laser-cavity coupling without the need of mode matching. The cavity is further incorporated with an extra multi-pass cavity for optical re-injection of light reflected off the master cavity, which significantly increases the throughput power of the high-finesse cavity. A fast switchable semiconductor optical amplifier is used to modulate the cw laser beam to square wave pulses and to initialize timing controlled ringdown events, which are synchronized to the plasma pulses with an accuracy of ∼3 µs. The performance and potential of the cw-CRDS spectrometer are illustrated and discussed, based on the high resolution near-infrared spectroscopic detection of trace 13C13C radicals generated in a pulsed supersonic C2H2/Ar plasma with a pulse duration of ∼50 µs.
Unveiling the spatiotemporal evolution of liquid-lens coalescence: Self-similarity, vortex quadrupoles, and turbulence in a three-phase fluid system
Authors: Padhan Nadia Bihari , Pandit Rahul
Published: November 2023

The coalescence of liquid lenses represents a fundamental challenge within the domains of fluid dynamics and statistical physics, particularly in the context of complex multi-phase flows. We demonstrate that the three-phase Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes (CHNS3) system provides a natural theoretical framework for studying liquid-lens coalescence, which has been investigated in recent experiments. Our extensive direct numerical simulations of lens coalescence, in the two and three dimensional (2D and 3D) CHNS3, uncover the rich spatiotemporal evolution of the fluid velocity u and vorticity ω, the concentration fields c1, c2, and c3 of the three liquids, and an excess pressure PℓG, which we define in terms of these concentrations via a Poisson equation. We find, in agreement with experiments, that as the lenses coalesce, their neck height h(t)∼tαv, with αv≃1 in the viscous regime, and h(t)∼tαi, with αi≃2/3 in the inertial regime. We obtain the crossover from the viscous to the inertial regimes as a function of the Ohnesorge number Oh, a dimensionless combination of viscous stresses and inertial and surface tension forces. We show that a vortex quadrupole, which straddles the neck of the merging lenses, and PℓG play crucial roles in distinguishing between the viscous- and inertial-regime growths of the merging lenses. In the inertial regime, we find signatures of turbulence, which we quantify via kinetic-energy and concentration spectra. Finally, we examine the merger of asymmetric lenses, in which the initial stages of coalescence occur along the circular parts of the lens interfaces; in this case, we obtain power-law forms for the h(t) with inertial-regime exponents that lie between their droplet-coalescence and lens-merger counterparts.
Electrohydrodynamic effects on the bubble ascent in quiescent liquid using charge conservation approach
Authors: Patel Darshan , Vengadesan S.
Published: November 2023

The current study investigates bubble ascent under the influence of an applied electric field. To accomplish this, an electrohydrodynamic solver is developed and integrated with the open-source multiphase flow solver interFoam. The numerical model accurately calculates charge distribution and Coulomb force by solving the charge convection equation. This numerical model is utilized to study the effect of electric capillary number (CaE), electrical conductivity ratio (R), and permittivity ratio (S). The electrical force comprises dielectrophoretic force (DEF) and Coulomb force, which increases with higher values of CaE, R, and S. As the bubble begins to ascend in the presence of an electric field, the tangential component of the electrical force induces vortices in the vicinity of the bubble, which interact with the bubble's motion. These interactions result in various phenomena: the ascent of undeformed and deformed bubbles, the ascent of wall-attached bubbles, bubble ascent with path instability, and bubble breakup. The strength of the vortices increases with higher CaE and R/S values. The direction of the vortices depends on the R/S, with vortices flowing from the equator to the pole for R/S<1 and from the pole to the equator for R/S>1. The vortices become stronger as moving away from R/S=1. The vortices flowing from the pole to the equator cause horizontal deformation of the bubble, reducing rising velocity by providing resistance to the bubble's motion along with DEF. Conversely, vortices flowing from the equator to the pole cause vertical deformation of the bubble, increasing the rising velocity by facilitating the bubble's motion.
Collective and non-collective molecular dynamics in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Erkoreka Aitor , Mertelj Alenka , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi , Sebastián Nerea , Martinez-Perdiguero Josu
Published: November 2023

A great deal of effort has been recently devoted to the study of dielectric relaxation processes in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, yet their interpretation remains unclear. In this work, we present the results of broadband dielectric spectroscopy experiments of a prototypical ferroelectric nematogen in the frequency range 10 Hz–110 MHz at different electrode separations and under the application of DC bias fields. The results evidence a complex behavior in all phases due to the magnitude of polar correlations in these systems. The observed modes have been assigned to different relaxation mechanisms based on existing theoretical frameworks.
Consistent density functional theory-based description of ion hydration through density-corrected many-body representations
Authors: Palos Etienne , Caruso Alessandro , Paesani Francesco
Published: November 2023

Delocalization error constrains the accuracy of density functional theory in describing molecular interactions in ion–water systems. Using Na+ and Cl− in water as model systems, we calculate the effects of delocalization error in the SCAN functional for describing ion–water and water–water interactions in hydrated ions, and demonstrate that density-corrected SCAN (DC-SCAN) predicts n-body and interaction energies with an accuracy approaching coupled cluster theory. The performance of DC-SCAN is size-consistent, maintaining an accurate description of molecular interactions well beyond the first solvation shell. Molecular dynamics simulations at ambient conditions with many-body MB-SCAN(DC) potentials, derived from the many-body expansion, predict the solvation structure of Na+ and Cl− in quantitative agreement with reference data, while simultaneously reproducing the structure of liquid water. Beyond rationalizing the accuracy of density-corrected models of ion hydration, our findings suggest that our unified density-corrected MB formalism holds great promise for efficient DFT-based simulations of condensed-phase systems with chemical accuracy.
Adjustable behaviors and dynamic mechanisms of droplets in the cross junction
Authors: Liu Zhaomiao , Wang Zhaocheng , Pang Yan , Su Peng , Wang Xiang
Published: November 2023

Dynamic behaviors of droplets transporting through the cross junction are experimentally and theoretically studied. The influences of initial droplet length, total flux, and flow rate combination of different inlets are systematically analyzed. Under the influence of the opposite flow, more types of flow patterns and different thresholds of two behaviors (breakup and obstruction) are obtained after a comparison with other references. Deformation characteristics in different patterns and stages are discussed in detail regarding the time-dependent lengths and their evolution rates. An empirical relation is proposed to estimate the time difference representing the unsynchronized necking, and the estimations agree well with the experimental results in all cases. Theoretical analysis of the rapid pinch-off during the breakup process proves the important role of the curvature component in the top view, which leads to the delayed onset of the pinch-off in the cross junction. Furthermore, the influence of the opposite flow is shown in flow pattern maps built in terms of the flow rate ratio and the normalized droplet length. To explain the adjustable functions of the cross junction at different flow rate ratios, two different mechanisms are proposed.
Comparing magnetic pushing to underwater explosions for flyer acceleration
Authors: Maler D. , Liziakin G. , Belozerov O. , Efimov S. , Rakhmilevich D. , Cohen K. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: November 2023

We present results exploring various methods of aluminum flyer acceleration. One method uses the shock wave generated by underwater electrical explosions of thin foils supplied by a pulse generator with stored energy of ∼4.7 kJ. Utilizing the shock created by an exploding foil, a maximal free flyer velocity of ∼2000 m/s is obtained. This acceleration method is compared to results exploiting only magnetic pushing to accelerate flyers using a common strip-line configuration, resulting in much lower velocities of ∼300 m/s. We also present a modified strip-line configuration, for which a significant increase in the flyer velocity to ∼1200 m/s is measured. Finally, a hybrid strip configuration, incorporating both the effects of magnetic pushing and acceleration by exploding foil and its subsequent shock wave, results in ∼1400 m/s flyer velocity. These experimental results are analyzed by numerical simulations and analytical modeling of the conservation equations of mass and momentum.
Improving growth rates of Ongole crossbred bulls by formulation and level of supplement of by-products
Authors: Gunawan  , Winarti E. , Sofyan A. , Putridinanti A. D. , Andarwati S. , Noviandi C. T. , Agus A. , Harper K. J. , Poppi D. P.
Published: November 2023

Context Formulating diets using agro-industrial by-product concentrates to increase the growth performance and cost efficiency of Ongole crossbred bulls. Aims This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of agro-industrial by-products of dried cassava powder (DCP), mixed copra meal (CM), palm kernel cake (PKC) and soybean hull (SBH) into rations at low and high levels of feeding on bull liveweight gain and farmer profitability. Methods Fifty Ongole crossbred bulls with an initial bodyweight (BW) of 227 ± 66.5 kg and aged between 12 and 18 months, were arranged in a randomised complete-block design of five treatments, with 10 heads per treatment. The control group (T0) was provided the current feeding system (CFS) fed ad libitum. The supplemented treatments consisted of CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% PKC) at 1% BW/day (T1), CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% SBH) at 1% BW/day (T2), CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% PKC) at 2% BW/day (T3), CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% SBH) at 2% BW/day (T4). The experiment was conducted for 12 weeks. Key results The BW gain over 12 weeks (kg) for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 39.5, 56.2, 68.9, 57.5 and 62.1 kg respectively. The income over feed cost was significantly higher in T2. Conclusions Supplementation with by-products increased bull liveweight gain compared with current feeding practices. A concentrate supplementation of DCP mixed with CM and SBH at 1% BW/day was the most effective and profitable supplementation method to increase income of farmers in this district and there was no advantage of increasing the level of supplement. Implications A combination of DCP, CM and SBH to form a concentrate supplement and fed at 1% BW/day will increase bull liveweight gain and income of farmers.
Emotions and courtship help bonded pairs cooperate, but emotional agents are vulnerable to deceit
Authors: Sadedin Suzanne , Duéñez-Guzmán Edgar A. , Leibo Joel Z.
Published: November 2023

Coordinated pair bonds are common in birds and also occur in many other taxa. How do animals solve the social dilemmas they face in coordinating with a partner? We developed an evolutionary model to explore this question, based on observations that a) neuroendocrine feedback provides emotional bookkeeping which is thought to play a key role in vertebrate social bonds and b) these bonds are developed and maintained via courtship interactions that include low-stakes social dilemmas. Using agent-based simulation, we found that emotional bookkeeping and courtship sustained cooperation in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma in noisy environments, especially when combined. However, when deceitful defection was possible at low cost, courtship often increased cooperation, whereas emotional bookkeeping decreased it.
Similar photosynthetic but different yield responses of C
3
and C
4
crops to elevated O
3
Authors: Li Shuai , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Moller Christopher A. , Montes Christopher M. , Sacks Erik J. , Lee DoKyoung , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2023

The deleterious effects of ozone (O
3
) pollution on crop physiology, yield, and productivity are widely acknowledged. It has also been assumed that C
4
crops with a carbon concentrating mechanism and greater water use efficiency are less sensitive to O
3
pollution than C
3
crops. This assumption has not been widely tested. Therefore, we compiled 46 journal articles and unpublished datasets that reported leaf photosynthetic and biochemical traits, plant biomass, and yield in five C
3
crops (chickpea, rice, snap bean, soybean, and wheat) and four C
4
crops (sorghum, maize,
Miscanthus
×
giganteus
, and switchgrass) grown under ambient and elevated O
3
concentration ([O
3
]) in the field at free-air O
3
concentration enrichment (O
3
-FACE) facilities over the past 20 y. When normalized by O
3
exposure, C
3
and C
4
crops showed a similar response of leaf photosynthesis, but the reduction in chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and yield was greater in C
3
crops compared with C
4
crops. Additionally, inbred and hybrid lines of rice and maize showed different sensitivities to O
3
exposure. This study quantitatively demonstrates that C
4
crops respond less to elevated [O
3
] than C
3
crops. This understanding could help maintain cropland productivity in an increasingly polluted atmosphere.
Constitutive representation of womanhood
Authors: Ugur-Cinar Meral , Yol Fatma
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the speeches of Turkish female parliamentarians during the headscarf debate. We examine how
deputies with different political and ideological predilections discursively construct women’s rights and employ legitimation
strategies to validate their policy position. The findings reveal that on the one hand, the female deputies use different
legitimation strategies to justify arguments for or against the use of headscarves in the public sector. On the other hand, they
embed the headscarf debate into the broader political goals they pursue in a polarized political setting. They deploy legitimation
strategies around the headscarf debate to rationalize future policy on issues ranging from the expansion of human rights and
democracy to the change of the type of political regime.
Waveform systematics in identifying strongly gravitationally lensed gravitational waves: posterior overlap method
Authors: Garrón Ángel , Keitel David
Published: November 2023

Gravitational lensing has been extensively observed for electromagnetic signals, but not yet for gravitational waves (GWs). Detecting lensed GWs will have many astrophysical and cosmological applications, and becomes more feasible as the sensitivity of the ground-based detectors improves. One of the missing ingredients to robustly identify lensed GWs is to ensure that the statistical tests used are robust under the choice of underlying waveform models. We present the first systematic study of possible waveform systematics in identifying candidates for strongly lensed GW event pairs, focusing on the posterior overlap method. To this end, we compare Bayes factors from all posteriors using different waveforms included in GWTC data releases from the first three observing runs (O1–O3). We find that waveform choice yields a wide spread of Bayes factors in some cases. However, it is likely that no event pairs from O1 to O3 were missed due to waveform choice. We also perform parameter estimation with additional waveforms for interesting cases, to understand the observed differences. We also briefly explore if computing the overlap from different runs for the same event can be a useful metric for waveform systematics or sampler issues, independent of the lensing scenario.
Weyl gravity in covariant hamiltonian formalism
Authors: Klusoň J , Matouš B
Published: November 2023

We find covariant canonical formalism for Weyl invariant gravity. We discuss constraint structure of this theory and its gauge fixed form and we argue that it corresponds to unimodular gravity.
The q-metric naked singularity: a viable explanation for the nature of the central object in the Milky Way
Authors: Lora-Clavijo F D , Prada-Méndez G D , Becerra L M , Becerra-Vergara E A
Published: November 2023

In this work, we investigate whether the compact object at the center of the Milky Way is a naked singularity described by the q-metric spacetime. Our fitting of the astrometric and spectroscopic data for the S2 star implies that similarly to the Schwarzschild black hole, the q-metric naked singularity offers a satisfactory fit to the observed measurements. Additionally, it is shown that the shadow produced by the naked singularity is consistent with the shadow observed by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration for Sgr-A*. It is worth mentioning that the spatial distribution of the S-stars favors the notion that the compact object at the center of our Galaxy can be described by an almost static spacetime. Based on these findings, the q-metric naked singularity turns up as a compelling candidate for further investigation.
Rapid adsorption and simultaneous photocatalytic effect of Ru doped flower like antimony tungstate
Authors: Karmakar Devdas , Paul Sumana , Kumar Mandal Sujoy , Pal Alapan , Kumar Paul Pabitra , Pramanik Subrata , Jana Debnarayan
Published: November 2023

Ruthenium (Ru) doped antimony tungstate microflowers, prepared through hydrothermal process, have been investigated for simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis. The pattern of evolution of microflower structures, however, can be tailored by the synthesis period. This change is observed from the field effect scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images. A possible mechanism behind this morphological change has been developed. An argument based on the zeta potential may be responsible for this distinct morphology due to the strong electrostatic interactions. The variation of a particular x-ray diffraction peak corresponding to the plane

{
012
}

with variation of Ru doping percentage shows the decrease in crystallinity along the perpendicular direction to this plane. Besides, the optimum Ru doping percentage is evaluated on the basis of photocatalytic efficiency towards methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light. The highest dye removal efficiency is observed for 2% Ru doped Sb2WO6 (SWO) adsorbing 97% of the MB dye followed by photocatalytic degradation of almost 64% of the remaining dye in 80 min. Furthermore, using different dyes, it is concluded that Ru–SWO showcases high adsorption toward the cationic dyes while it neither adsorbs the anionic dye nor displays photocatalytic degradation.
Design, analysis and testing of monometallic plate stepped broadband high sensitivity transducer
Authors: Wei Tong , Wang Hongwei , Su Jintao
Published: November 2023

In order to improve the performance of the sonar system, a stepped broadband high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer is developed. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the feasibility of expanding the operating bandwidth and improving the sensitivity of the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material sensitive element is analyzed, and the dimensional parameters of this sensitive element are optimized. Compared with the traditional composite material, the sensitive element has excellent piezoelectric performance, with broadband and high sensitivity properties. The monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer and the same size stepped composite transducer were prepared, and their hydroacoustic performance was tested. The test results show that the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer has far superior sensitivity performance than the same size stepped composite transducer and also has broadband performance. The peak transmits voltage response of the monometallic plate stepped transducer is 166 dB, and the −3 dB bandwidth reaches 60 kHz; the peak receives sensitivity is −183 dB, and the −3 dB bandwidth reaches 55 kHz, which can effectively improve the performance of the sonar system.