bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’acier et la sidérurgie française, vus par l’histoire économique
Authors: Mioche Philippe , Godelier Eric
Published: August 2023

Ce texte présente deux visions complémentaires de la sidérurgie en France, du XIXe siècle à nos jours, au travers de deux approches, l’une d’économie historique et l’autre d’histoire des entreprises. La première partie rappelle comment le secteur a évolué sur cette longue période et quels ont été les moteurs du changement historique et les acteurs. C’est la nature des ressources énergétiques et minières, qui a piloté les transformations. Depuis l’arrivée (l’invention) à la fin du 19e siècle des procédés de production d’acier liquide (procédés Martin et Bessemer), la sidérurgie a quitté les forêts et le bord des rivières pour s’installer sur les gisements de charbon et de minerai, mais elle a fini par s’installer après la Seconde Guerre mondiale en bord de mer : changements de localisation géographique majeurs ! Les liens entre la sidérurgie française et l’état ont été très intimes du fait des deux guerres mondiales, où de profondes réorganisations ont eu lieu, et de la fin des trente glorieuses, où le secteur a été nationalisé pour éviter son effondrement. L’Europe aussi a entretenu des liens étroits avec la sidérurgie avec la création de la CEC puis le plan Davignon. Mais l’OPA de Mittal sur Arcelor a précipité la fin de l’intervention de l’état et de d’Europe. La seconde partie, propose des modèles qui expliquent cette évolution. Au départ, il y a les modèles de Schumpeter, qui décrivent le développement de l’innovation des industries dans le système capitaliste, au rythme de cycles de longue période. Puis elle présente la vision de Chandler, qui explique que l’organisation des firmes s’est déroulée dans tous les secteurs et partout dans le monde selon une succession de schémas, en U puis en M et en H. D’un contrôle familial et patrimonial on est passé à un modèle où des experts, ingénieurs et managers, ont pris le contrôle. L’internationalisation, à laquelle on vient d’assister (Mittal, Tata), montre qu’un retour en arrière est possible. La sidérurgie peut-elle encore changer de façon fondamentale, en particulier la sidérurgie française ? Cela sera-t-il déclenché par la lutte contre le réchauffement global ?
Hydrogen intensified synthesis processes to valorise process off-gases in integrated steelworks
Authors: Matino Ismael , Dettori Stefano , Conde Amaia Sasian , Colla Valentina , Petrucciani Alice , Zaccara Antonella , Iannino Vincenzo , Mocci Claudio , Hauser Alexander , Kolb Sebastian , Karl Jürgen , Wolf-Zoellner Philipp , Haag Stéphane , Bampaou Michael , Panopoulos Kyriakos , Heracleous Eleni , Kieberger Nina , Rechberger Katharina , Róg Leokadia , Rompalski Przemysław
Published: August 2023

Integrated steelworks off-gases are generally exploited to produce heat and electricity. However, further valorization can be achieved by using them as feedstock for the synthesis of valuable products, such as methane and methanol, with the addition of renewable hydrogen. This was the aim of the recently concluded project entitled “Intelligent and integrated upgrade of carbon sources in steel industries through hydrogen intensified synthesis processes (i3upgrade)”.

Within this project, several activities were carried out: from laboratory analyses to simulation investigations, from design, development and tests of innovative reactor concepts and of advanced process control to detailed economic analyses, business models and investigation of implementation cases.

The final developed methane production reactors are, respectively, an additively manufactured structured fixed-bed reactor and a reactor setup using wash-coated honeycomb monoliths as catalyst; both reactors reached almost full COx conversion under slightly over-stoichiometric conditions. A new multi-stage concept of methanol reactor was designed, commissioned, and extensively tested at pilot-scale; it shows very effective conversion rates near to 100% for CO and slightly lower for CO2 at one-through operation for the methanol synthesis.

Online tests proved that developed dispatch controller implements a smooth control strategy in real time with a temporal resolution of 1 min and a forecasting horizon of 2 h. Furthermore, both offline simulations and cost analyses highlighted the fundamental role of hydrogen availability and costs for the feasibility of i3upgrade solutions, and showed that the industrial implementation of the i3upgrade solutions can lead to significant environmental and economic benefits for steelworks, especially in case green electricity is available at an affordable price.
Process development for reduction of NOx emission in sinter making
Authors: Tekkalakote Umadevi , Sridhara K.S. , Shetty Ganesh B.
Published: August 2023

Laboratory pot grate sintering studies have been carried out to explore the NOx emission during coke combustion in the presence and absence of quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines as coating material on coke breeze (LCCB & LICCB). Melt formation studies have been carried out to know the melt formation at different temperatures. The pot grate sinter test results showed that quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines were catalytically active in promoting coke combustion and reduction in NOx emission and improving the sinter productivity & sinter properties. In sintering experiments sinter productivity, sinter strength and NOx reduction, improved with quick lime (LCCB: 0.49%) and quick lime with iron ore fines (LICCB: 0.49 + 0.49%) as coating material on coke breeze (LICCB). With increase in quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines as adhering layer on coke breeze the wind box temperature increased up to 0.49% due to increase in coke combustion rate with the help of formed CaO.Fe2O3 melt layer and decreased the overall NOx emission by decreasing the oxygen concentration in gas film at the surface of the coke breeze. The effect was not significant with the addition of quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines >0.49%. Calcium ferrite suppressed the formation of NOx. As the NOx emission decreases the oxygen concentration in the gas also decreased. From sintering experiments, it was found that −3 mm coke breeze is effective for reducing the NOx emission with LCCB and LICCB compared to −1 mm coke breeze. The finer size coke is considered to be difficult to reach higher temperatures of combustion. Through LCCB and LICCB decrease in NOx emission was 37% and 49% respectively. Coating with quick lime & iron ore fines on coke breeze as adhering material is the one of the effective methods to reduce the NOx emission compared to quick lime coating on coke breeze.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA): Rechtliche Aspekte der Verordnung
Authors: Hohmann Jörg
Published: August 2023

Mit dem Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz hat der Gesetzgeber Ende 2019 einen Anspruch der gesetzlich Krankenversicherten auf die Versorgung mit digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) eingeführt – sogenannte „Apps auf Rezept“. Dafür wurde mit § 33a SGB V eine neue Anspruchsgrundlage geschaffen.
Immunologische Aspekte von Long COVID
Authors: Peters Eva Milena Johanne
Published: August 2023

Das Post-COVID-19-Syndrom (PCS) kann vielfältige Ursachen haben und wird in den meisten Fällen sicher am besten polykausal erklärbar sein. Damit verspricht eine multimodale Diagnostik und Behandlung am ehesten Erfolg. Der Beitrag skizziert, welche immunologischen Faktoren zu PCS beitragen können und welche Zusammenhänge zwischen neuroimmunologischen und psychischen Faktoren bestehen.
Fatigue und der Neurastheniebegriff – ein medizinhistorisch angereicherter Blick
Authors: Deister Arno
Published: August 2023

Das Syndrom der „reizbaren Schwäche“ – die Neurasthenie – wurde zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts oft diagnostiziert und zeitweise zur „Modekrankheit“. Kennzeichen sind Müdigkeit, Unfähigkeit zu entspannen, Schlafstörungen und Schmerzen. Aktuell stehen Konzepte wie das Chronische Müdigkeitssyndrom oder Burnout mehr im Interesse. Bei aller unterschiedlicher Ätiologie zeigt sich auch ein soziokultureller Zusammenhang des diagnostischen Umgangs mit diesen Krankheiten.
Für mehr Leichtigkeit in der Behandlung: Neues Konzept von Körperbeschwerden
Authors: Lehnen Nadine , Henningsen Peter
Published: August 2023

In der Psychosomatischen Medizin wird zunehmend ein neues Konzept zum Körper(symptom)erleben eingesetzt. Es beruht auf der aktuellen neurowissenschaftlichen Vorstellung davon, wie Körpererleben entsteht, und führt zu einer größeren Leichtigkeit in Verständnis, Diagnostik und Therapie von Körperbeschwerden. Hier beschreiben wir Konzept, experimentelle Evidenz und praktisch-klinische Implikationen, insbesondere auch für (Post-COVID-)Fatigue.
Fatigue – Hilfsangebote und Informationen im Internet
Authors: Abert Sabine
Published: August 2023

Zum Thema „Fatigue“ lassen sich im Internet eine Reihe an Informationen ausmachen: Fachkreise finden hier Organisationen und Netzwerke, die sich mit der noch weniger erforschten myalgischen Enzephalomyelitis bzw. dem chronischen Fatigue-Syndrom (ME/CFS) auseinandersetzen. Auch Betroffene und Angehörige können sich hier über die Fatigue-Symptomatik, die häufig mit chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen assoziiert ist, sowie deren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und Anlaufstellen informieren.
Fatigue
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa
Published: August 2023

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Fallbericht Anorexie
Authors: Rapo Edith , Heider Jens , Deutschmann Ulrich , Dahm-Mory Claudia
Published: August 2023

Darf ich eine Psychotherapie aufgrund einer Essstörung in Anspruch nehmen, obwohl ich gar nicht (mehr) untergewichtig bin? Diese Frage stellt sich eine 19-jährige Frau, die von Schuldgefühlen auch gegenüber ihren Eltern geplagt ist, sich wegen ihrer Bulimia Nervosa zwei Mal pro Woche erbricht und eine panische Angst vor ihrem Gewicht entwickelt hat.
Die Widerständigkeit des Körpers – eine phänomenologische Untersuchung der Fatigue
Authors: Broschmann Daniel
Published: August 2023

Chronische Fatigue unterscheidet sich qualitativ von Alltagsmüdigkeit. Aus phänomenologischer Sicht bietet sich dafür die Differenzierung zwischen Leib und Körper an. Während in der Alltagsmüdigkeit der Körper gegenüber dem Leib präsenter wird, kann seine Widerständigkeit in der Fatigue als überwältigend erlebt werden. Zudem weicht die Rhythmik von leiblicher Frische und Erholung einer chronischen Erschöpfung, bei der dauerhafte Regeneration nicht mehr möglich ist.
Tumorassoziierte Fatigue – Modelle und Therapie
Authors: Fleischer Anna , Jentschke Elisabeth , Steindorf Karen , Schmidt Martina , Maatouk Imad
Published: August 2023

Bei der tumorassoziierten Fatigue handelt es sich um eine häufige Begleiterscheinung der Krebserkrankung oder -therapie, die in vielen Fällen nicht erkannt und unzureichend behandelt wird, obwohl vielversprechende therapeutische Optionen zur Verfügung stehen. Dieser Beitrag soll dabei helfen, eine tumorassoziierte Fatigue korrekt zu diagnostizieren und zu therapieren.
Fatigue bei Erwachsenen, Jugendlichen und Kindern - eine klinische Einordnung im pandemischen Kontext
Authors: Renz-Polster Herbert , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Behrends Uta
Published: August 2023

Fatigue ist ein echter „Bauer“ auf dem Schachbrett der Medizin: Ein häufiges Symptom, dessen Zuordnung zu einer bestimmten Erkrankung sich erst aus der Betrachtung der anderen Figuren auf dem Brett ergibt. Zwei Fallvorstellungen sollen das erläutern.
Foreign Body Reaction Mimicking Lymph Node Metastasis is Not Rare After Lung Cancer Resection
Authors: Cimenoglu Berk , Dogruyol Talha , Ozdemir Attila , Buz Mesut , Ece Dilek , Comert Sevda Sener , Demirhan Recep
Published: August 2023

Background Mediastinal lymphadenopathies with high 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in patients previously operated on for lung cancer are alarming for recurrence and necessitate invasive diagnostic procedures. Peroperative placement of oxidized cellulose to control minor bleeding may lead to a metastasis-like image through a foreign body reaction within the dissected mediastinal lymph node field at postoperative examinations. In this study, we investigated clinicopathological features and the frequency of foreign body reaction mimicking mediastinal lymph node metastasis.

Methods Patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer between January 2016 and August 2021 and who were subsequently evaluated for mediastinal recurrence with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) were included. Patients were grouped according to the results of EBUS-TBNA as metastasis, foreign body, and reactive. Clinicopathological features of these patients were compared and characteristics of patients in the foreign body group were scrutinized.

Results EBUS-TBNA was performed on a total of 34 patients during their postoperative follow-up due to suspicion of mediastinal recurrence. EBUS-TBNA pathological workup revealed metastasis in 18 (52.9%), foreign body reaction in 10 (29.4%) and reactive lymph nodes in 6 (17.6%) patients. Mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVMax) for metastasis group and foreign body group were 9.39 ± 4.69 and 5.48 ± 2.54, respectively (p = 0.022). Time interval between the operation and EBUS-TBNA for the metastasis group was 23.72 ± 10.48 months, while it was 14.90 ± 12.51 months in the foreign body group (p = 0.015).

Conclusion Foreign body reaction mimicking mediastinal lymph node metastasis is not uncommon. Iatrogenic cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy is related to earlier presentation and lower SUVMax compared with metastatic lymphadenopathy.
Olympic Weightlifting Training for Sprint Performance in Athletes: A
Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Crenshaw Kristen , Zeppieri Giorgio , Hung Cheng-Ju , Schmitfranz Tania , McCall Patti , Castellini Greta , Gianola Silvia , Pozzi Federico
Published: August 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether Olympic
weightlifting (OW) exercises would improve sprint performance when compared to a
control intervention, (no training, standard sport-specific training,
traditional resistance training, or plyometric training). Medline, Web of
Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Biological Science from inception to September
2022 was searched. Two authors independently selected the included studies,
extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Certainty of the evidence was
assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and
Evaluation methodology. The primary meta-analysis combined the results of the
sprint performance over the full length of each sprint test. The secondary
meta-analyses combined the results of the sprint performance at 5, 10, and
20 m distance to capture information about the acceleration phase of the
sprint tests. Eight studies with 206 athletes (female n=10, age range:
18.9–24.2 years) were identified. Sprint performance did not differ
significantly comparing OW to the control intervention, nor at the full length
(standardized mean difference=–0.07, 95%
CI=–0.47 to 0.34, p=0.75,
I2=46%) or during the acceleration phase
(p≥0.26) of the sprint test. OW training does not improve sprint
performance to a greater extent than comparator interventions.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 2-Aryl-7,8-dihydroquinolin-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Blé González Ever A. , Martínez Roberto , Bautista Diego Díaz , Chávez Santos Rosa María , Ramírez Apán María Teresa , Vilchis Reyes Miguel A.
Published: August 2023

Herein we present a facile four-step synthetic method for the synthesis of novel 2-aryl-substituted 7,8-dihydroquinolin-6(5H)-ones as cytotoxic agents. The key step was the use of Mannich salts derived from acetophenones as a Michael acceptor in the reaction with cyclohexane-1,4-dione monoethylene acetal to give 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds that were treated with ammonium acetate to give the 7,8-dihydroquinolin-6(5H)-ones. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against seven cell lines. The observed data showed good selectivity for chronic myeloid leukemia line K-562. The synthetic route was simple and applicable to various functional group containing substrates. These types of compounds may be utilized as lead compounds in cancer research and drug discovery.
Regional Differences in Education: Can We Bridge that Gap with Simulation-Based Training?
Authors: Kesselman Andrew , Fornazari Vinicius Adami Vayego , Winokur Ronald S.
Published: August 2023

Interventional radiology (IR) training is not uniform throughout the world with clear limitations to education, training, and procedural exposure based on regions within different countries and the world. Varying technical exposure can lead to limitations in technical and therapeutic opportunities for patients. Since hands-on exposure to specific procedural skills may not occur in some locations, high fidelity endovascular simulation training can provide an opportunity for technical skills to be learned with an effort to increase patient exposure to care as well as improve technical procedural skill learning.
Reconstruction Of Extensor Apparatus Of Knee By Gracilis
Authors: Sinha Dr. J.K. , Mangal Dr. K.K.
Published: August 2023

Marginal excision, wide excision with radieal resection, hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy are the operative modalities in vogue for the surgical management of lower extremity sarcomas. Leiomyosarcoma of lower one third of thigh is treated by wide excision and resultant defect is filled by gracilis transposition technique.
Peripheral Nerve Injuries of The Upper Extremity - Result of Late Repair
Authors: Chowdhury Dr. Siti Roy , Mukherjee Dr. A.
Published: August 2023

One hundred different types of peripheral nerve injuries of the upper extremity in eighty patients is the subject of study. The results of late repair between 3 months and 1 year and functional recovery thereof has been studied, both clinically and electrophysiologically. Better results are observed in children and teenagers as compared to adults. Clinical evidence of recovery is a better guide than the electrophysiological findings.
Electric circuit simulation of Floquet topological insulators in Fourier space
Authors: Dabiri S. Sajad , Cheraghchi Hosein
Published: August 2023

We present a method for simulating any non-interacting and time-periodic tight-binding Hamiltonian in Fourier space using electric circuits made of inductors and capacitors. We first map the time-periodic Hamiltonian to a Floquet Hamiltonian, which converts the time dimension into a Floquet dimension. In electric circuits, this Floquet dimension is simulated as an extraspatial dimension without any time dependency in the electrical elements. The number of replicas needed in the Floquet Hamiltonian depends on the frequency and strength of the drive. We also demonstrate that we can detect the topological edge states (including the anomalous edge states in the dynamical gap) in an electric circuit by measuring the two-point impedance between the nodes. Our method paves a simple and promising way to explore and control Floquet topological phases in electric circuits.
Modulational instability of ion-acoustic waves in a dense quantum plasma
Authors: Rajabi B. , Mohammadnejad M.
Published: August 2023

Modulational instability of ion-acoustic (IA) waves is investigated in an unmagnetized quantum plasma by adopting an equation of state for Fermi electron gas. To this end, a basic set of one-dimensional quantum hydrodynamic equations is reduced to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation using the reductive perturbation method. Quantum corrections are described using a nondimensional quantum parameter H proportional to the quantum diffraction parameter. Based on normalized electron temperature and chemical potential, new quantum criteria of modulational instability for IA waves are obtained and analyzed. Moreover, formation of rogue waves due to the modulational instability of IA waves and propagation of modulated IA packets in the form of bright and dark envelope solitons are examined for two different types of astrophysical plasma regions: white dwarf stars and warm dense matter.
MLIP-3: Active learning on atomic environments with moment tensor potentials
Authors: Podryabinkin Evgeny , Garifullin Kamil , Shapeev Alexander , Novikov Ivan
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, academic research relies not only on sharing with the academic community the scientific results obtained by research groups while studying certain phenomena but also on sharing computer codes developed within the community. In the field of atomistic modeling, these were software packages for classical atomistic modeling, and later for quantum-mechanical modeling; currently, with the fast growth of the field of machine-learning potentials, the packages implement such potentials. In this paper, we present the MLIP-3 package for constructing moment tensor potentials and performing their active training. This package builds on the MLIP-2 package [Novikov et al., “The MLIP package: moment tensor potentials with MPI and active learning,” Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol., 2(2), 025002 (2020)], however, with a number of improvements, including active learning on atomic neighborhoods of a possibly large atomistic simulation.
High-frequency magnetic properties of FeB nanochains based soft magnetic composites for potential antenna applications up to GHz
Authors: Xu Zhibiao , Li Wenliang , Cui Jinghao , Zhang Chenhu , He Donglin , Wang Tao
Published: August 2023

Soft magnetic materials are a kind of promising materials for antenna substrates because their permeability and permittivity are both greater than unity. However, their magnetic properties would deteriorate dramatically as the frequency reaches 1 GHz owing to Snoek limit and domain wall resonance, thus limiting their application at high frequency. Here, we report a low-dimensional soft magnetic composite (SMC) prepared by FeB nanochains, achieving the optimized magnetic loss tangent (tanδμ) of 0.09 and the real part of permeability (μ′) of 3.3 at 1 GHz, which is more competitive than the conventional spherical FeB SMCs. Such an optimization is ascribed to the change in the dominant mechanism of the magnetization process from domain wall motion to magnetic moment precession, associated with the transition of the magnetic domain structure of the particles from multi- to mono-domain. The SMC proposed in this work provides a significantly potential candidate for high-frequency and miniaturized 5G antennas. Furthermore, the design concept and preparation method can be extended to other SMCs, providing a guidance for the development of high-performance antenna substrate materials.
Influence of bearings on the open water performance of a rim-driven thruster
Authors: Liu Bao , Dai Mingcheng , Liang Xingxin
Published: August 2023

The rim-driven thruster (RDT) represents an important advance in the marine propulsion system. Its innovative structure introduces several outstanding advantages but also rises some major challenges. This paper aims to investigate the influence of bearings on the rim-driven thruster in terms of hydrodynamic performance with computational fluid dynamics. Bearing parameters including the shape of the contact surface and the number of grooves are considered. The simulation results indicate that the presence of the bearings in the gap has an influence on the overall performance of the thruster by changing the flow regime in the gap and the interactions between different components in the RDT. The shape of the bearings also exhibits significant impacts: the conical bearings, even though with simpler structure, shows the worst performance among all three bearing configurations, while the ordinary bearings always have a higher hydrodynamic efficiency than the other two bearing configurations under all considered advance coefficients. The difference in efficiency at the design point can reach up to 3% between the ordinary and conical bearing configurations.
Quasi-three-dimensional loss prediction model of subsonic compressor cascade based on bidirectional long short-term memory networks and multi-head self-attention
Authors: Du Xin , Luo Yizhou , Xu Wenjuan , Wang Songtao , Zhou Xun
Published: August 2023

The prediction of compressor cascade loss is a crucial aspect of compressor design. Flow separation is an important flow structure and the main source of loss in subsonic cascades. In order to capture the flow separation and accurately evaluate flow loss, a data-driven quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) subsonic compressor cascade loss prediction model based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and multi-head self-attention is proposed. The model contains four sub-models to predict the pressure, temperature, axial velocity, and total pressure loss coefficient in two-dimensional slices along the axial direction, using Mach number, curved blade angle, solidity, camber angle, and incidence as inputs, respectively. For the purpose of adapting to cascade geometrical change, geometric reformulation is adopted before the model training. The model is trained and tested by validated computational fluid dynamics results, which contain symmetric separation and asymmetric separation samples. It is proved that the model is able to accurately predict flow parameters value in each slice. Then, four typical cases are mainly discussed, which shows that the model can effectively capture the characteristics of flow separation formation and development. Afterward, different models are compared, and it is found that the BiLSTM with multi-head self-attention model achieved the lowest mean squared error, which is because of its outstanding predicting ability in asymmetric separation cases. The work of this paper indicates that the quasi-3D loss prediction model proposed in this paper will be beneficial to the flow separation structure rapid prediction and cascade loss accurate evaluation in compressor design.
Three-dimensional acoustic asymmetric focusing by mode-conversion structure
Authors: Yin Jia-li , Zou Hong-yu , Wang Yin , Zhao Ke-qi , Ge Yong , Yuan Shou-qi , Sun Hong-xiang
Published: August 2023

Acoustic asymmetric focusing (AAF) has attracted widespread attention owing to its great potential in medical ultrasound. The recent development of acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces has provided various concepts to achieve AAF systems. Generally, the previously demonstrated AAF lenses were limited to one-dimensional structures, leading to difficulties in practical applications. The realization of AAF in three-dimensional (3D) space based on a two-dimensional (2D) device still remains a challenge. Here, we experimentally and numerically study a 2D AAF lens based on mode converters composed of two pairs of phased unit cells I and II and a step waveguide. Based on the phase profile of sound focusing and the step waveguide of mode converters, we experimentally design and demonstrate a type of 2D AAF lens and observe acoustic focusing and asymmetric transmission simultaneously in 3D space under the excitation of the zero-order wave. Both the phenomena arise from the phase modulation of the lens and the cutoff frequency of the first-order wave for the step waveguide, respectively. The fractional bandwidth (the ratio of the bandwidth to the center frequency) of the lens can reach about 0.14. The proposed 2D AAF lens, as well as its associated mode converter, paves the way for the asymmetric manipulation of sound in 3D space that has potential applications in practical sound devices.
Synthesis of Ni2+–Al3+–LDHs with flower-like morphology assembled from an ultrathin platelets structure: Phenomenon of enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Dang Rui , Ren Mengjiao , Zhao Huiming , Guo Wei , Ma Xiang-Rong , Kang Yu-Hong , Gao Yong , Bi Shiqing , Gao Wenwen , Hao Hua-Rui , Bai Rui , Zhang Zhi-Fang , Ma Ya-Jun
Published: August 2023

This study was initiated to explore a method for producing higher photocatalytic performance in layered double hydroxides (LDHs) through the preparation of ultrathin nanosheets, which would generate higher surface area (SA). Herein, a method is detailed for fabricating Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs with flower-like morphology assembled from an ultrathin nanosheet (Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-U) employing a low temperature-reflux method together with a surfactant. The resulting products’ structures, morphologies, porous properties, and bandgaps were investigated using a series of characterization techniques, which confirmed the formation of Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-U with an ultrathin nanosheet structure (4–8 nm) and large SA (151 m2/g), which were nearly three times greater than the Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs comprising a thick nanosheet structure (50 nm, Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-T). In addition, the bandgaps of these new Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-U materials were 5.11 electron volts lower than the Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-T material (5.26 eV). These flower-like morphology assembled from an ultrathin nanosheet exhibited a greatly enhanced light response that utterly decomposed methyl orange and Rhodamine B in water, which represented far better photodegradation under similar conditions compared to the thicker Ni2+-Al3+-LDHs-T and thicker Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs-T. The increased photoreaction efficiency was explained by higher SA and catalytically active sites of the experimental product.
Couette flow at high Knudsen number between wall and liquid boundaries
Authors: Kobayashi Kazumichi , Aoki Kota , Tabe Hirofumi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Nara Toshiki , Takashima Hideyoshi , Oshima Nobuyuki , Watanabe Masao
Published: August 2023

This paper presents molecular dynamics simulations of the Couette flow of a rarefied gas between the liquid and wall boundaries and, in particular, investigates the boundary conditions for the Boltzmann equation at the liquid interface. The simulation results for various Knudsen numbers show that the slip velocity decreases at the liquid boundary and increases at the smooth wall as the Knudsen number increases, indicating that the velocity profile of the rarefied Couette flow is asymmetric. One reason for this is backscattering, in which molecules are reflected in the opposite direction to the mainstream flow, owing to molecular-scale roughness at the liquid boundary. It has also been suggested that the backscattering effect decreases when the gas density increases. This can be understood using the local Knudsen numbers near the liquid boundary.
Experimental and numerical study of radial velocity profiles in chemical stirred tanks
Authors: Amponsah Joseph , Darko Pius Ohene
Published: August 2023

Stirred tanks are widely used in various industrial processes for mixing, and reactions understanding the flow behavior and optimizing the impeller design is crucial for improving mixing efficiency and product quality. This paper investigates the radial velocity profiles near the impeller tip in a baffled stirred tank using experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A cylindrical tank with four baffles was used with four impeller types—anchor, counterflow, sawtooth, and Rushton turbine. The simulations utilized the k-omega turbulence model and the Reynolds stress model with a momentum source term to model the impeller. The results indicate that both the models predict the maximum radial velocities accurately compared to experiments capturing the flow behavior near the impeller edge. Double turbine impellers generate localized turbulence around the blade tip, while pitched blade turbines with down-pumping produce high-intensity turbulence zones throughout the tank. CFD velocity vector plots provide further insight into discharge flows and circulation patterns. The proposed momentum source term approach aligned closely with experimental data and performed better than multiple reference frame methods.
Effect of pressure on the magnetic, mechanical, and dynamical properties of L10-FePt alloy
Authors: Yu Guo-liang , Cheng Tai-min , Zhang Xin-xin
Published: August 2023

The magnetic, elastic, and dynamical properties of L10-type FePt alloy are investigated under high pressure using first-principles calculations. The critical pressure of ferromagnetism collapse is identified as 96.7 GPa, and the alloy exhibits mechanical stability over the studied pressure range up to 120 GPa. Below the critical pressure, ductility hardly changes with pressure, and the elastic anisotropy is enhanced by pressure. The ductility and elastic anisotropy of the system show a sudden decrease beyond the critical pressure. Dynamical stabilities under ambient and high pressures are verified by phonon spectra. The alloy is dynamically stable before the critical pressure of 96.7 GPa due to spontaneous magnetization. Finally, the anisotropy of phonon density of states under high pressure is evaluated in detail, and the result indicates that the degree of anisotropy is almost independent of pressure.
Theoretical prediction of metallic R12-graphene as a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries with high ion mobility, high capacity, and excellent electrolyte wettability
Authors: Wu Qing-Yang , Zhao Tian-Le , Ye Xiao-Juan , Lin He , Zheng Xiao-Hong , Jia Ran , Liu Chun-Sheng
Published: August 2023

Although graphene has excellent electrical and mechanical properties, the giant delocalized π-electron system makes it chemically inert. Here, we propose an idea to design two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes via incorporating multiple rings in sp2-hybridized carbon networks, which can break the π-bonding network and enhance the surface reactivity. By assembling molecule of cyclobut(a)acenaphthylene, we predict a monolayer 2D carbon material, named as R12-graphene, which is composed of quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, and dodecagonal carbon rings. It shows great stability in energetic, dynamic, thermodynamic, and mechanical aspects. It exhibits high-performance as an anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), including an intrinsic metallic behavior, a high theoretical capacity (632 mA h g−1), a low K diffusion barrier (0.33 eV), and a low average open-circuit voltage (0.5 V). The presence of electrolytes can provide better K ion adsorption and diffusion capability compared to that in vacuum. Furthermore, R12-graphene has excellent wettability toward some commonly used electrolytes, which is beneficial for improving the charge/discharge rate for PIBs.
Fast vs slow physical aging of a glass forming liquid
Authors: Richert Ranko , Gabriel Jan P.
Published: August 2023

Using electric fields to initiate the process of physical aging has facilitated measurements of structural recovery dynamics on the time scale of milliseconds. This, however, complicates the interesting comparison with aging processes due to a temperature jump, as these are significantly slower. This study takes a step toward comparing the results of field and temperature perturbations by providing data on field-induced structural recovery of vinyl ethylene carbonate at two different time scales: 1.0 ms at 181 K and 33 s at 169 K, i.e., 4.5 decades apart. It is found that structural recovery is a factor of two slower than structural relaxation in equilibrium, with the latter determined via dielectric relaxation in the limit of linear response. The relation between recovery and relaxation dynamics remains temperature invariant across the present experimental range.
Origins of the high-energy electroluminescence peaks in long-wavelength (∼495–685 nm) InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chow Yi Chao , Tak Tanay , Wu Feng , Ewing Jacob , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P. , Wu Yuh-Renn , Weisbuch Claude , Speck James S.
Published: August 2023

We investigate the unexpected high-energy electroluminescence (EL) peaks observed in long-wavelength InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ground state emission peaks between ∼495 and 685 nm by studying the EL spectra of LEDs with varying quantum well (QW) thicknesses and indium compositions. In addition to the ground state emission, two high-energy emission peaks were observed in the LEDs with thick QWs and high indium compositions. The less energetic high-energy emission peak (2.4–2.6 eV) is attributed to the optical transitions involving excited states. Factors influencing the excited state transitions, such as the QW thickness and indium compositions, were also examined by simulations to better understand the occurrence of these transitions. The more energetic high-energy emission peak (2.8–3.1 eV) originates from V-defect sidewalls and was verified through micro-photoluminescence measurements. Identification of the high-energy emission peaks is essential as it enables targeted epitaxial or growth optimizations to minimize or eliminate these undesirable emission peaks. This work demonstrates the importance of using thin QWs to suppress the unwanted high-energy emissions due to excited state transitions and V-defect sidewalls for long-wavelength InGaN LEDs.
Exploring the influence of the Keetch–Byram Drought Index and McArthur’s Drought Factor on wildfire incidence in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Plucinski M. P. , Tartaglia E. , Huston C. , Stephenson A. G. , Dunstall S. , McCarthy N. F. , Deutsch S.
Published: August 2023

Background Wildfires are thought to become more prevalent during periods of extended dry weather. This issue is examined using two dryness metrics commonly applied in Australian fire management agencies. Aims This paper investigated links between wildfire incidence and the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI) and McArthur’s Drought Factor (DF) across the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods Weather records and data from 41 418 wildfires that occurred across the State over a 17-year period were compiled to examine the distributions of KBDI and DF on days with fires smaller and larger than 5 ha in area and all days, using kernel density plots. Key results Days with fires, particularly days with fires that escaped initial attack, have higher DFs and KBDIs compared with all days. These differences vary between regions and are greatest in areas with moist climates. Conclusions and implications An appreciation of dryness conditions using tools such as KBDI and DF is useful for understanding fire potential, particularly in areas that experience higher and more regular rainfall.
Asymmetric arginine dimethylation of cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors by PRMT3 attenuates antiviral innate immunity
Authors: Zhu Junji , Li Xiong , Cai Xiaolian , Zhou Ziwen , Liao Qian , Liu Xing , Wang Jing , Xiao Wuhan
Published: August 2023

The cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors initiate type I interferon signaling when binding to RNA or DNA. To effectively protect the host against virus infection and concomitantly avoid excessive interferonopathy at resting states, these sensors must be tightly regulated. However, the key molecular mechanisms regulating these sensors’ activation remain elusive. Here, we identify PRMT3, a type I protein arginine methyltransferase, as a negative regulator of cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors. PRMT3 interacts with RIG-I, MDA5, and cGAS and catalyzes asymmetric dimethylation of R730 on RIG-I, R822 on MDA5, and R111 on cGAS. These modifications reduce RNA-binding ability of RIG-I and MDA5 as well as DNA-binding ability and oligomerization of cGAS, leading to the inhibition of downstream type I interferon production. Furthermore, mice with loss of one copy of
Prmt3
or in vivo treatment of the PRMT3 inhibitor, SGC707, are more resistant to RNA and DNA virus infection. Our findings reveal an essential role of
PRMT3
in the regulation of antiviral innate immunity and give insights into the molecular regulation of cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors’ activation.
Complex battlefields favor strong soldiers over large armies in social animal warfare
Authors: Lymbery Samuel J. , Webber Bruce L. , Didham Raphael K.
Published: August 2023

In social animals, success can depend on the outcome of group battles. Theoretical models of warfare predict that group fighting ability is proportional to two key factors: the strength of each soldier in the group and group size. The relative importance of these factors is predicted to vary across environments [F. W. Lanchester,
Aircraft in Warfare, the Dawn of the Fourth Arm
(1916)]. Here, we provide an empirical validation of the theoretical prediction that open environments should favor superior numbers, whereas complex environments should favor stronger soldiers [R. N. Franks, L. W. Partridge,
Anim. Behav.
45
, 197–199 (1993)]. We first demonstrate this pattern using simulated battles between relatively strong and weak soldiers in a computer-driven algorithm. We then validate this result in real animals using an ant model system: In battles in which the number of strong native meat ant
Iridomyrmex purpureus
workers is constant while the number of weak non-native invasive Argentine ant
Linepithema humile
workers increases across treatments, fatalities of
I. purpureus
are lower in complex than in simple arenas. Our results provide controlled experimental evidence that investing in stronger soldiers is more effective in complex environments. This is a significant advance in the empirical study of nonhuman warfare and is important for understanding the competitive balance among native and non-native invasive ant species.
Global reorganization of atmospheric circulation during Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles
Authors: Fohlmeister Jens , Sekhon Natasha , Columbu Andrea , Vettoretti Guido , Weitzel Nils , Rehfeld Kira , Veiga-Pires Cristina , Ben-Yami Maya , Marwan Norbert , Boers Niklas
Published: August 2023

Ice core records from Greenland provide evidence for multiple abrupt cold–warm–cold events recurring at millennial time scales during the last glacial interval. Although climate variations resembling Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) oscillations have been identified in climate archives across the globe, our understanding of the climate and ecosystem impacts of the Greenland warming events in lower latitudes remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the influence of DO-cold-to-warm transitions on the global atmospheric circulation pattern. We comprehensively analyze δ
18
O changes during DO transitions in a globally distributed dataset of speleothems and set those in context with simulations of a comprehensive high-resolution climate model featuring internal millennial-scale variations of similar magnitude. Across the globe, speleothem δ
18
O signals and model results indicate consistent large-scale changes in precipitation amount, moisture source, or seasonality of precipitation associated with the DO transitions, in agreement with northward shifts of the Hadley circulation. Furthermore, we identify a decreasing trend in the amplitude of DO transitions with increasing distances from the North Atlantic region. This provides quantitative observational evidence for previous suggestions of the North Atlantic region being the focal point for these archetypes of past abrupt climate changes.
Leveraging intracellular ALDH1A1 activity for selective cancer stem-like cell labeling and targeted treatment via in vivo click reaction
Authors: Bo Yang , Zhou Jingyi , Cai Kaimin , Wang Ying , Feng Yujun , Li Wenming , Jiang Yunjiang , Kuo Shanny Hsuan , Roy Jarron , Anorma Chelsea , Gardner Sarah H. , Luu Long M. , Lau Gee W. , Bao Yan , Chan Jefferson , Wang Hua , Cheng Jianjun
Published: August 2023

Inhibition of overexpressed enzymes is among the most promising approaches for targeted cancer treatment. However, many cancer-expressed enzymes are “nonlethal,” in that the inhibition of the enzymes’ activity is insufficient to kill cancer cells. Conventional antibody-based therapeutics can mediate efficient treatment by targeting extracellular nonlethal targets but can hardly target intracellular enzymes. Herein, we report a cancer targeting and treatment strategy to utilize intracellular nonlethal enzymes through a combination of selective cancer stem-like cell (CSC) labeling and Click chemistry-mediated drug delivery. A de novo designed compound, AAMCHO [N-(3,4,6-triacetyl- N-azidoacetylmannosamine)-cis-2-ethyl-3-formylacrylamideglycoside], selectively labeled cancer CSCs in vitro and in vivo through enzymatic oxidation by intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1. Notably, azide labeling is more efficient in identifying tumorigenic cell populations than endogenous markers such as CD44. A dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-toxin conjugate, DBCO-MMAE (Monomethylauristatin E), could next target the labeled CSCs in vivo via bioorthogonal Click reaction to achieve excellent anticancer efficacy against a series of tumor models, including orthotopic xenograft, drug-resistant tumor, and lung metastasis with low toxicity. A 5/7 complete remission was observed after single-cycle treatment of an advanced triple-negative breast cancer xenograft (~500 mm3).
Differential second messenger signaling via dopamine neurons bidirectionally regulates memory retention
Authors: Takakura Mai , Lam Yu Hong , Nakagawa Reiko , Ng Man Yung , Hu Xinyue , Bhargava Priyanshu , Alia Abdalla G. , Gu Yuzhe , Wang Zigao , Ota Takeshi , Kimura Yoko , Morimoto Nao , Osakada Fumitaka , Lee Ah Young , Leung Danny , Miyashita Tomoyuki , Du Juan , Okuno Hiroyuki , Hirano Yukinori
Published: August 2023

Memory formation and forgetting unnecessary memory must be balanced for adaptive animal behavior. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling via dopamine neurons induces memory formation, here we report that cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling via dopamine neurons launches forgetting of unconsolidated memory in
Drosophila
. Genetic screening and proteomic analyses showed that neural activation induces the complex formation of a histone H3K9 demethylase, Kdm4B, and a GMP synthetase, Bur, which is necessary and sufficient for forgetting unconsolidated memory. Kdm4B/Bur is activated by phosphorylation through NO-dependent cGMP signaling via dopamine neurons, inducing gene expression, including
kek2
encoding a presynaptic protein. Accordingly, Kdm4B/Bur activation induced presynaptic changes. Our data demonstrate a link between cGMP signaling and synapses via gene expression in forgetting, suggesting that the opposing functions of memory are orchestrated by distinct signaling via dopamine neurons, which affects synaptic integrity and thus balances animal behavior.
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin71 promotes SERRATE phase separation and miRNA processing in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Gaozhan , Niu Jinrong , Hai Zhuoyan , Li Tengfei , Xie Dongqi , Li Yan , Qi Yijun
Published: August 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in gene regulation. In
Arabidopsis
, mature miRNAs are processed from primary miRNA transcripts by the Dicing complex that contains Dicer-like 1 (DCL1), SERRATE (SE), and Hyponastic Leaves 1 (HYL1). The Dicing complex can form nuclear dicing bodies (D-bodies) through SE phase separation. Here, we report that Cyclophilin71 (CYP71), a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase), positively regulates miRNA processing. We show that CYP71 directly interacts with SE and enhances its phase separation, thereby promoting the formation of D-body and increasing the activity of the Dicing complex. We further show that the PPIase activity is important for the function of CYP71 in miRNA production. Our findings reveal orchestration of miRNA processing by a cyclophilin protein and suggest the involvement of peptidyl-prolyl
cis–trans
isomerization, a structural mechanism, in SE phase separation and miRNA processing.