bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective function and differentiation cues of brain-resident CD8+ T cells during surveillance of latent
Toxoplasma gondii
infection
Authors: Porte Rémi , Belloy Marcy , Audibert Alexis , Bassot Emilie , Aïda Amel , Alis Marine , Miranda-Capet Romain , Jourdes Aurélie , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , Masson Frédérick , Blanchard Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Chronic
Toxoplasma gondii
infection induces brain-resident CD8+ T cells (bTr), but the protective functions and differentiation cues of these cells remain undefined. Here, we used a mouse model of latent infection by
T. gondii
leading to effective CD8+ T cell–mediated parasite control. Thanks to antibody depletion approaches, we found that peripheral circulating CD8+ T cells are dispensable for brain parasite control during chronic stage, indicating that CD8+ bTr are able to prevent brain parasite reactivation. We observed that the retention markers CD69, CD49a, and CD103 are sequentially acquired by brain parasite–specific CD8+ T cells throughout infection and that a majority of CD69/CD49a/CD103 triple-positive (TP) CD8+ T cells also express Hobit, a transcription factor associated with tissue residency. This TP subset develops in a CD4+ T cell–dependent manner and is associated with effective parasite control during chronic stage. Conditional invalidation of Transporter associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)-mediated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation showed that presentation of parasite antigens by glutamatergic neurons and microglia regulates the differentiation of CD8+ bTr into TP cells. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that resistance to encephalitis is associated with the expansion of stem-like subsets of CD8+ bTr. In summary, parasite-specific brain-resident CD8+ T cells are a functionally heterogeneous compartment which autonomously ensure parasite control during
T. gondii
latent infection and which differentiation is shaped by neuronal and microglial MHC I presentation. A more detailed understanding of local T cell–mediated immune surveillance of this common parasite is needed for harnessing brain-resident CD8+ T cells in order to enhance control of chronic brain infections.
The advance of Mercury’s perihelion
Authors: Berche Bertrand , Medina Ernesto
Published: June 2024

A very famous ‘test’ of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) is the advance of Mercury’s perihelion (and of other planets too). To be more precise, this is not a prediction of General Relativity, since the anomaly was known in the 19th century, but no consistent explanation had been found yet at the time GTR was elaborated. Einstein came up with a solution to the problem in 1914. In the case of Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, the effect is more pronounced than for other planets, and observed from Earth; there is an advance of the perihelion of Mercury of about 5550 arc seconds per century (as/cy). Among these, about 5000 are due to the equinox precession (the precise value is 5025.645 as/cy) and about 500 (531.54) to the influence of the external planets. The remaining, about 50 as/cy (42.56), are not understood within Newtonian mechanics. Here, we revisit the problem in some detail for a presentation at the undergraduate level.
Investigation of phonons and magnons in [Ni80Fe20/Au/Co/Au]
N
multilayers
Authors: Zdunek M , Shekhar S , Mielcarek S , Trzaskowska A
Published: June 2024

The interaction between phonons and magnons is a rapidly developing area of research, particularly in the field of acoustic spintronics. To discuss this interaction, it is necessary to observe two different waves (acoustic and spin waves) with the same frequency and wavelength. In the Ni80Fe20/Au/Co/Au system deposited on a silicon substrate, we observe the interaction between spin waves and surface acoustic waves using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. As a result, we can selectively control (activate or deactivate) the magnetoelastic interaction between the fundamental spin wave mode and surface acoustic waves. This is achieved by adjusting the magnetostrictive layer thickness in the multilayer. We demonstrate that by adjusting the number of layers in a multilayer structure, it is possible to precisely control the dispersion of surface acoustic waves while having minimal impact on the fundamental spin wave mode.
Anomaly detection model for large-scale industrial systems using transfer entropy and graph attention network
Authors: Liang Shuo , Pi Dechang , Zhang Xiangyan
Published: June 2024

Multivariate time series (MTS) anomaly detection is vital for ensuring the safety and reliability of large-scale industrial systems. However, existing deep learning methods often overlook complex interrelationships between different time series and the study of anomalies has been limited to detection. To address this, we propose an MTS anomaly detection model based on transfer entropy (TE) and graph attention network (GAT). In the graph construction module, by combining modified TE with automatic structure learning, we extract intricate relationships between features. In the prediction module, we modify the GAT to implement the dynamic attention mechanism and non-linear interaction between different features to improve the accuracy of model prediction. Finally, our model combines the modified TE with anomaly detection task, which can be used to provide interpretability for the detected anomalies using the constructed causal graph. Experimental results on both real and public datasets show that our approach outperforms the mainstream methods, in particular, achieving optimal results in terms of F1 scores and recall.
A novel laser interferometric method for thin film thickness measurement in gas–liquid intermittent flow
Authors: Wu Yan , Xue Ting
Published: June 2024

In horizontal intermittent flow, the long bubbles move toward the center of the pipe due to inertia, forming the thin liquid film above the long bubbles. Accurate measurement of the liquid film thickness is crucial for heat and mass transfer. In this paper, laser interferometric technology is innovatively introduced to measure the film thickness of the intermittent flow, and the thin liquid film is detected with a resolution of 100 nm. Considering the curvature of the circular pipe wall, which leads to divergent reflected light, the effect of the pipe wall on the interference pattern is explored by the ray tracing technique. A two-dimensional interpolation phase retrieval algorithm based on light intensity is proposed to reconstruct the thickness of the liquid film, and the average error is less than 1.86%. Benefiting from the exceptionally high resolution, research is conducted on the thin liquid film at the top of the horizontal intermittent flow, revealing its dependence on the sub-regimes and gas–liquid velocities.
Photon–carrier–spin coupling in a one-dimensional Ni(II)-doped ZnTe nanostructure
Authors: Bukhtiar Arfan , Bao Ke , Khan Muhammad Sheraz , Liang Weizheng , Sulaman Muhammad , Imran Ali , Yao Shangfei , Zou Bingsuo
Published: June 2024

Transition metal (TM) ion doping in II–VI semiconductors can produce exciton magnetic polarons (EMPs) and localized EMPs containing longitudinal optical (LO) phonon coupling, which will be discussed in this paper. TM ion doping in II–VI semiconductors for a dilute magnetic semiconductor show emission via magnetic polarons (MPs) together with hot carrier effects that need to be understood via its optical properties. The high excitation power that is responsible for hot carrier effects suppresses the charge trapping effect in low exciton binding energy (8.12 meV) semiconductors, even at room temperature (RT). The large polaron radius exhibits strong interaction between the carrier and MP, resulting in anharmonicity effects, in which the side-band energy overtone to LO phonons. The photon-like polaritons exhibit polarized spin interactions with LO phonons that show strong spin–phonon polaritons at RT. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of Ni-doped ZnTe show free excitons (FX) and FXs interacting with 2LO phonon–spin interactions, corresponding to 3T1(3F) → 1T1(1G) and EMP peaks with ferromagnetically coupled Ni ions at 3T1(3F) → 1E(1G). In addition, other d–d transitions of single Ni ions (600–900 nm) appear at the low-energy side. RT energy shifts of 14–38 meV are observed due to localized states with density-of-states tails extending far into the bandgap-related spin-induced localization at the valence band. These results show spin–spin magnetic coupling and spin–phonon interactions at RT that open up a more realistic new horizon of optically controlled dilute magnetic semiconductor applications.
Determinants of the dynamic cerebral critical closing pressure response to changes in mean arterial pressure
Authors: Panerai Ronney B , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Beishon Lucy C , Davies Aaron , Haunton Victoria J , Katsogridakis Emmanuel , Lam Man Y , Llwyd Osian , Robinson Thompson G , Minhas Jatinder S
Published: June 2024

Objective. Cerebral critical closing pressure (CrCP) represents the value of arterial blood pressure (BP) where cerebral blood flow (CBF) becomes zero. Its dynamic response to a step change in mean BP (MAP) has been shown to reflect CBF autoregulation, but robust methods for its estimation are lacking. We aim to improve the quality of estimates of the CrCP dynamic response. Approach. Retrospective analysis of 437 healthy subjects (aged 18–87 years, 218 males) baseline recordings with measurements of cerebral blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv, transcranial Doppler), non-invasive arterial BP (Finometer) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2, capnography). For each cardiac cycle CrCP was estimated from the instantaneous MCAv-BP relationship. Transfer function analysis of the MAP and MCAv (MAP-MCAv) and CrCP (MAP-CrCP) allowed estimation of the corresponding step responses (SR) to changes in MAP, with the output in MCAv (SRVMCAv) representing the autoregulation index (ARI), ranging from 0 to 9. Four main parameters were considered as potential determinants of the SRVCrCP temporal pattern, including the coherence function, MAP spectral power and the reconstruction error for SRVMAP, from the other three separate SRs. Main results. The reconstruction error for SRVMAP was the main determinant of SRVCrCP signal quality, by removing the largest number of outliers (Grubbs test) compared to the other three parameters. SRVCrCP showed highly significant (p < 0.001) changes with time, but its amplitude or temporal pattern was not influenced by sex or age. The main physiological determinants of SRVCrCP were the ARI and the mean CrCP for the entire 5 min baseline period. The early phase (2–3 s) of SRVCrCP response was influenced by heart rate whereas the late phase (10–14 s) was influenced by diastolic BP. Significance. These results should allow better planning and quality of future research and clinical trials of novel metrics of CBF regulation.
Nonlinear lower hybrid wave equations in collisional tokamak plasmas
Authors: Castaldo C , Napoli F
Published: June 2024

A new set of coupled integro-differential nonlinear lower hybrid (LH) wave equations is derived within the framework of a kinetic theory coupled to the Maxwell equations to study the parametric instabilities (PIs) produced by LH waves in collisional tokamak plasma. Previous models of nonlinear LH wave equations have been significantly improved. The wave equations derived overcome the limits and incorrectness of the standard theory of the PI in inhomogeneous plasma. They allow us to treat the full spectrum in the parallel and poloidal wavenumber of the coupled LH power wave, diffraction effects and possible cascade phenomena, which are elements of the nonlinear LH physics ignored in the standard PI theory. Numerical solutions of the new nonlinear LH wave equations are proposed. The relevant LH frequency spectra produced by PI are calculated, exhibiting characteristic features of PI observed in LH experiments. It is shown that the LH sideband amplification can be overestimated by orders of magnitude by the standard theory of PI. A benchmark of the new model is provided for spatially homogeneous plasmas. The role of the collisions for PI has been assessed. We demonstrate that previous analyses significantly overestimated their stabilization effect.
A study on the high mobility and improved reliability of pr-doped indium zinc oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Xiao Juncheng , Ge Shimin , Jiang Zhixiong , Liu Jing , Yuan Dong , Liang Ce , Xu Miao , Li Shan , Xu Hongyuan , Wang Xianlai , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2024

It is generally accepted that there is a trade-off relationship between mobility and stability for oxide thin film transistor (TFT) devices. Different doping ratios of Ln praseodymium (Pr) into indium (In) zinc (Zn) oxide have been employed as the active layer to get 1# and 2# amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) TFTs in this work. The 1#-based TFTs exhibited a high mobility of 49.84 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to the increased concentration of In. By further elevating the Pr doping ratio and adjusting In/Zn ratio of the film, the 2#-based TFT obtained both a good mobility of 26.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a promising stability, showing a positive-bias temperature stress stability of ΔV
TH = 1.56 V and a negative-bias temperature illumination stress stability of ΔV
TH = −1.47 V. It was revealed that the low energy charge transfer state of Pr in 2# film absorbs the visible light, leading to suppressed photo-induced carriers and thus a good illumination reliability of the 2#-based TFTs. In practice, the LCD panel based 2# ACT TFT shows a well stable performance even under 10 000-nit illumination. The result indicates a promising strategy to accelerate the commercialization of AOS TFTs to large-panel display production.
Health analysis of mangrove forest based on vitality indicators (case study in Purworejo mangrove forest, Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency)
Authors: Wati F , Safe’i R
Published: June 2024

Vitality indicators are characterized by tree damage and canopy condition. This condition has an impact on the health of mangrove forests, including the Purworejo mangrove forest. The aim of this research is to obtain the value and health status of the Purworejo mangrove forest in Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency, based on vitality indicators. In terms of collecting and analyzing vitality indicator data, the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method is used based on tree damage parameters and canopy cover conditions. Sample plot clusters were made into four clusters, or 16 plots, at four points with an area of 0.4 ha per cluster. The research results showed that the tree damage value at the cluster plot level (CLI) was 1.08–1.23. The cluster plot level canopy condition value (VCR) was 2.82–3.32. Thus, the average health value of the Purworejo mangrove forest is 1.88, with a medium status category (1.63-2.31). Mangrove forest management must be improved, especially in maintenance activities, to overcome pest problems that cause damage to mangrove trees.
Importance of stemflow to soil water replenishment in a montane forest of Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar
Authors: Zaw Y , Oue H
Published: June 2024

Stemflow (SF), rainwater that reach the ground by flowing down along the branches and trunk, is important in maintaining soil water content (SWC) and recharging groundwater in a forest. This study aims to investigate the importance of SF to soil water replenishment in a montane forest. Measurements of gross rainfall, SF at 9 trees, SWC at two different points for two soil depths and infiltration rates at the two points were carried out in Popa Mountain Park (PMP) in 2019. SF rates in PMP were high ranging from 4.0% to 18.8% of total gross rainfall. Mean SWC near the tree were 18.5% at 5 cm depth and 21.7% at 15 cm depth, respectively, while those outside the canopy area were 11.4% and 9.0%, respectively. SWC near the tree were significantly higher for both soil depths. Similarly, significant higher infiltration rate was found near the tree. Near the tree, infiltration rate exceeded the amounts of individual rain events helped to store more rainwater as SWC in deeper soil layers. In PMP, thus, vegetative cover particularly forested areas are expected to have hydrological advantages in restoring rainwater through a large amount of infiltrated SF into the soil.
Work accident risk analysis using the job safety analysis (jsa) method in the timber industry UD. Dua Restu Sunggal, North Sumatra
Authors: Muhdi  , Syahra S , Arinah H
Published: June 2024

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) calculates a job risk assessment. The JSA method’s importance is finding out what hazards can occur in each work process. This research aimed to identify the risk of work accidents in the UD Dua Restu Timber Industry. The stages of data processing using the Job Safety Analysis are to identify the hazards and potential risks posed, carry out a risk assessment that has been identified, and then determine preventive measures to control the hazards. For the sawmill area, the highest risk rating was 270 (priority 1). The strongest correlation was physical fatigue on work accidents with a sig.2-tailed value of 0.002 and a correlation class of 0.881. Meaning fatigue has a solid relationship to work accidents.
The use of supporting materials in the process of making food containers from a mixture of PLA-starch and testing the quality of the coating: A review
Authors: Fitriani F B A , Harahap H , Nasution H
Published: June 2024

The fulfillment of the food packaging industry’s needs for the use of non-petrochemical, biodegradable plastics from renewable sources that are also economically viable can be achieved through the utilization of polylactic acid-starch (PLA-starch). However, the perceived limitations of PLA-starch in terms of long-term food packaging have prompted recent innovations in which research is conducted on supportive materials that extend the shelf life of food packaging while still considering the health value of the added substances. This innovation provides significant advantages in using more durable food packaging materials that do not have adverse effects on food and human health. The utilization of ferulic and cinnamic acid compounds has been studied to reduce the environmental impact of food packaging while extending the shelf life of food. A three-layer film of PLA/starch/PLA (PSP) was designed based on the complementary barrier properties of the polymers, resulting in a film system with improved barrier properties. Electrospinning was effective in producing fibrous mats that encapsulated the acids, while film spraying resulted in the formation of crystalline structures of the active compounds strongly adhered to the surface. The electrospinning- and spray-coated films exhibited effective inhibition against the growth of E. coli and L. innocua. The TPScf-PLAes blend showed good antioxidant capacity when used in meat packaging and reduced microbial counts during cold storage. Silane-doped bilayer films demonstrated higher thermal stability compared to PPS. Therefore, the bilayer films and supporting materials have significant potential to extend the shelf life of food, maintaining its quality and safety for a longer period.
Production of biosurfactant sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) using elephant grass based lignin (Pennisetum purpureum) and NaHSO3
Authors: Manurung R , Lubis S K , Mufadhal W
Published: June 2024

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is an animal feed ingredient, especially ruminants with a lignocellulose content of 40.85% and lignin of 21.5% and can be used as a raw material for making biosurfactant sodium lignosulfonate. Biosurfactant is an amphiphilic molecule and has biodegradability. This study aims to obtain data on the effect of NaHSO3 concentration, reaction time, and the ratio of elephant grass: NaHSO3 on the sodium lignosulfonate content, yield, degree of sulfonation, and physico-chemical properties of sodium lignosulfonate obtained. This study consists of 3 treatment factors, namely NaHSO3 concentration, reaction time, and mass ratio of elephant grass : NaHSO3. The results showed that sodium lignosulfonate can be produced from elephant grass using direct sulfonation process. The best treatment combination was 80% concentration and 155 minutes reaction time which produced sodium lignosulfonate content of 20.619 mg/L and 65.83% yield. The physicochemical properties are: density 1.4061 g/mL, degree of sulfonation 57.73%, completely soluble in water, smells a little sulfur, has a brownish yellow color, pH 5, and the results of functional group analysis showed a change in functional groups.
Profitability of coffee-based agroforestry system to support farmers’ income in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Amelia I , Rauf A , Ismail M H , Gandaseca S
Published: June 2024

Indonesia is a country with the application of agroforestry systems on community land. People who live in Toba Regency, North Sumatra have long applied coffee-based agroforestry systems and have become a hereditary tradition. The purpose of this study is to determine the profitability of coffee-based agroforestry land and economic value for farmers so that it can be developed further. Coordinate points of land distribution, taken with GPS, conducted interviews, profitability analysis and income analysis to obtain farmer land data. Mapping the distribution of farmers’ coffee-based agroforestry land was mapped with ArcGIS 10.8. Four respondent farmers implemented coffee-based agroforestry (Coffea arabica) with a planting distance of 2 m x 2.5 m combined with Gmelina arborea (white teak), Eucalyptus sp. (eucalyptus), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Pinus merkusii (pine), Psidium guajava (guava), Durio zibethinus (durian), Persea americana (avocado), and others. Based on the profitability analysis, all four farmers’ lands are feasible for further development. The economic value of land depends on the area of land managed by the farmer, where farmers with a land area of 2 Ha have the largest income during 10 years of land management, namely Mr. Bisken with an income of IDR 162,719,500. Utilization of Multi-Purpose Trees Species (MPTS) or plantation and industrial crops can increase the economic value and profitability of farmers’ land.
Detection of Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) causes of tungro disease in rice plant (Oryza sativa l.) in Langkat, North Sumatera using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique
Authors: Rahayu S , Hannum S , Cristin L , Tampubolon D M
Published: June 2024

Tungro is one of the important disease in rice which is an obstacle in increasing rice production in Langkat. The detection of diseases caused by this virus has many barrier since there are many virus also have similar symptoms in rice plants, therefore it requires a more accurate technique like PCR. The PCR detects directly the virus itself or its type. Rice leaf samples were taken by Random purposive sampling as many as 16 samples with symptoms of viral diseases from 16 villages in Langkat Regency. The genomic DNA was isolated from the samples and analyzed the virus using specific primers. The indications of infected rice leaf showed dwarf plants, yellowing leaves, few plant saplings, dark spots, rust spots, and midrib and short leaf blades in all samples at 16 villages at Langkat Regency. The similarity analysis of the 16 samples based on symptoms analyzed by the Unwight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) is displayed in the form of a dendogram. All collections of symptomatic rice leaves from 16 villages were clustered at 79% similarity based on symptoms of viral disease. The results of the PCR were successfully amplified and positively infected with Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) indicated by the presence of a 430 bp band fragment after being analyzed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.
Assessment of Tree Damage with the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Method and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Method
Authors: Safe’i R , Andrian R , Maryono T , Tapasya S , Gandadipoera F H M
Published: June 2024

So far, the assessment or measurement of tree damage has only been done using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. This study aims to determine the types of tree damage using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods. The research was conducted at the TAHURA WAR Utilization Block and the Computer Science Laboratory at FMIPA Lampung University. Measuring the type of tree damage using the FHM method is carried out on trees that are in the FHM cluster. Identification of tree damage types with the CNN algorithm using the MobileNet architecture. The results showed that there were 13 types of tree damage found, with five types of tree damage that were commonly found (> 60 cases): open wounds (218 cases), cancer (94 cases), Broken / Cracks and stems (87 cases), broken or dead branches (73 cases), and loss of dominant shoots (69 cases). As for the identification results with the CNN method, there were nine out of 13 types of damage that obtained precision, recall, and F1 scores of 100%. Thus, five types of dominant tree damage were found, one of which was open wounds (218 cases), and nine types of tree damage obtained high accuracy values.
Prediction of land cover change in the Belawan watershed using the cellular automata-markov chain model
Authors: Slamet B , Nababan A M , Anggraini N
Published: June 2024

Belawan Watershed is one of the watersheds that cross Medan City, the capital of North Sumatra province. The spatial distribution of land cover affects the hydrological conditions in this watershed. The purpose of this study is to predict land cover in 2032 so that it can be used as information to mitigate changes in forest land cover. The method used is Cellular Automata-Markov Chain modeling with five change parameters (driving factors): distance from the river, distance from the road, altitude, population density, and slope. Land cover changes in the Belawan watershed used for this modeling include land cover in 2012, 2017, and 2022 and predicted land cover in 2032. The results showed that the predicted land cover is the water body 998.409 ha (1.36%), dryland forest 970.399 ha (1.32%), mangrove forest 3,351.496 ha (4.58%), settlement 11,600.105 ha (15.85%), plantation 38,787.924 ha (53.01%), agriculture 8,674.632 ha (11.85%), rice fields 5,568.183 ha (7.6%) and ponds 3,218.175 ha (4.3%). The area of forests and mangroves tends to continue to decline, so mitigation efforts are needed to reduce the reduction rate in forest and mangrove land cover.
Identification of mangrove forests using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery in Medan Belawan District, Medan City
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Tarigan C P , Daulay A F , Hudjimartsu S A , Putri Y U
Published: June 2024

Mangroves are a forest ecosystem tolerant to salt (halophytic) and influenced by sea tides. Mangrove forests are producers of ecosystem services that all living things need. The use of remote sensing can be used to identify mangrove forests in large areas in a short time. Sentinel-1 is a satellite product widely used to monitor land cover, including mangrove forests. The research objective was to identify mangrove forests in the Medan Belawan District using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery. Land cover classification in digital images was done using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood and random forest method. The results showed that random forest methods are more accurate than the maximum likelihood of identifying mangrove forests in Medan Belawan. The kappa accuracy value of the digital satellite image classification using the random forest method is 85.09%, and the maximum likelihood method is 77.4%. Based on the random forest method, the mangrove forest area is 1,325.81 hectares or 43.64% of the Belawan District area.
Preserving the Lake Toba ecosystem: Strategic planning to mitigate red devil fish invasion
Authors: Lumbanraja V , Nasution N F
Published: June 2024

Lake Toba is known as a tourism destination and also has aquaculture that is utilized for freshwater fish. However, several types of endemic fish and consumable fish cultivated in Lake Toba are facing the threat of extinction, and their populations are decreasing due to the presence of Red Devil Fish. The research aims to explain how the local government’s strategic planning efforts mitigate the invasion of Red Devil Fish and preserve the ecosystem in Lake Toba. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research prioritizes secondary data collection that can support research. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the Indonesian government must overcome the problem of red devil fish invasion into the Indonesian aquatic ecosystem. The presence of Red Devil fish in Lake Toba has reduced the number and diversity of fish, including the extinction of several native fish species. The impact of this invasion damages the ecosystem and causes economic losses such as control costs and decreased fish production for public consumption. The local government’s strategic planning in protecting the Lake Toba ecosystem from Red Devil fish invasion is carried out by controlling spatial planning, conducting talks, and collaborating with various related parties. The North Sumatra Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service and the Fish Family Association have implemented strategies to minimize Lake Toba’s Red Devil fish population. Increasing community involvement in managing the Lake Toba ecosystem and reducing the Red Devil fish population is crucial.
Diversity of fungi species that decompose Ceriops tagal leaf litter on Pulau Sembilan, Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Auri M R A , Dalimunthe A , Lestari S , Samosir P A , Sihite Y , Ramadhan Y I , Fadhilah A , Noer Z
Published: June 2024

One of the processes in mangrove ecosystems that contributes greatly to water fertility is the decomposition or breakdown of mangrove litter. Fungi, as decomposers in the process of decomposing litter, have an important role in the ecosystem and also play a role in regulating nutrient availability and carbon cycling.This research was conducted to determine the number of species and diversity of fungi found in decomposed C. tagal leaf litter, to measure the rate of decomposition of C. tagal leaf litter and to determine the levels of carbohydrates and proteins during the decomposition process.The research was carried out at the Forest Cultivation Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The sampling location of C. tagal leaf litter was in the mangrove ecosystem on Pulau Sembilan, PangkalanSusu District, Langkat Regency.The determination of carbohydrate and protein content was carried out at the Medan Industrial Research and Standardization Center.The research was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022.The average rate of litter decomposition was obtained using the formula: ln (Xt/X0) = -kt, and analysis of carbohydrate and protein content using the SNI 01-2891-1992 method.The results of this research showed that there were 5 types of fungi found in the decomposition process of C. tagal leaf litter, which were Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. and Culvularia sp. The average value of fungal diversity is 1.19, which is included in the medium category. The decomposition rate of C. tagal leaf litter was 7.55 per year. On day 90, the lowest carbohydrate content was 3.62% and the highest protein content was 5.4%.
Spatial analysis of land cover changes in mangrove and peatland forests in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Suryanta G , Arifanti V B , Yuwati T W , Darwo D , Rusdiyatmoko M A , Anggara G W S , Sivaiparm I , Basyuni M
Published: June 2024

Forest management in Indonesia can be observed through land cover change as a macro indicator for forest loss or gains. In order to have a clear understanding of the trend of the land cover change in peatland and mangroves, we conduct the land cover change analysis using the last decadal or 10-year period. The land typologies used as analysis units are peat and mangrove ecosystem. The research area is located in North Sumatra Province, occupying a peat area of 50,089.9 ha and mangrove area of 86,907 ha. The spatial analysis includes land cover maps overlay and classification using GIS. The 2012-2022 analysis results indicate a trend of an increase in peat reforestation by 819.6 ha and deforestation by 5,043.5 ha, while the trend of mangrove reforestation increased by 12,801.5 ha and deforestation by 4,669.5 ha. Land cover changes in the peatland are predominantly derived due to conversion of plantation to secondary swamp forest and conversion of secondary swamp forest to bare land. In the mangrove ecosystem land cover changes are mainly derived due to the regrowth of shrubs to secondary mangrove forests and due to conversion or degradation of secondary mangrove forests to shrubs.
Consumer preferences of artificial and natural flavours: a case in soft ice cream
Authors: Khantyanissa H S , Ervina E
Published: June 2024

Consumers have a high awareness regarding the additives used in their food products. The use of artificial and natural flavours as additives in a food product is debatable and it will directly impact sensory attributes and consumer preferences. The objective of this study was to investigate the different sensory profiles and consumer acceptability of soft ice cream with different types of vanilla flavours (artificial vs. natural). In addition, liking segmentations based on gender and age group were also investigated. Descriptive sensory profiles (n=10), differentiation testing (n=40), and consumer acceptability test (n=162) were determined. There were no significant differences for sensory attributes except for texture (p= 0.001). The differentiation testing disclosed no differences between artificial and natural vanilla flavours (p=0.09). However, soft ice cream made with the artificial vanilla flavour has a significantly higher liking (p< 0.01) compared to the natural flavour. There were no significant differences in consumer acceptability levels based on gender and age-group segmentations. This study can be used as a primary reference to select appropriate flavours of artificial and natural in a certain food product.
Almond flour and its potential in diabetes management: A short review
Authors: Gotama G , Sadek N F , Tedjakusuma F
Published: June 2024

Diabetes is caused by higher glucose in the bloodstream and is considered one of the major health problems in Indonesia. Wheat flour-based meals are unsuitable for people with diabetes due to their high glycaemic index (GI), which may rapidly increase blood glucose levels. The low-GI characteristic of almonds (Prunus dulcis) makes it very potential to replace the wheat flour used in foods. Almonds have a high fiber, unsaturated fat, magnesium, and vitamin E content but low in carbohydrates. Almond consumption also enhances satiety and lowers postprandial glycemia, hence making it suitable alternative flour for people with diabetes. This review aims to provide scientific information regarding the processing technique, nutritional content, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and the diabetes-related health benefits of almond flour. This information is important for supporting almond flour’s potential in diabetes management through food controlling approach.
Effects of red wine supplementation on characteristic modulations during fermentation of green onion kimchi
Authors: Surya R , Nugroho D , Jang J G
Published: June 2024

Green onion (pa) kimchi represents a traditional lactic acid fermented dish originating from Korea. In parallel, red wine stands as a yeast-fermented alcoholic beverage derived from grape juice. This investigation systematically assessed the impact of red wine supplementation on the microbial, antioxidant, and sensory attributes of green onion kimchi throughout a 48-hour fermentation process at 35°C. Notably, the addition of red wine expedited the decrease in pH within the green onion kimchi. Furthermore, a substantially elevated antioxidant activity, total viable count, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population were observed during the fermentation of red wine-supplemented green onion kimchi in comparison to its conventional counterpart. Importantly, hedonic sensory acceptance demonstrated no significant disparities between the regular and red wine-supplemented green onion kimchi. The outcomes gleaned from this inquiry suggest that the incorporation of red wine could be contemplated as a means to enhance the health-promoting attributes of green onion kimchi, endowing it with antioxidant and probiotic qualities.
Relation between the effect of increasing reaction time, reaction temperature and ratio of substrate on incorporation of lauric acid into palm kernel oil
Authors: Manurung A I , Julianti E , Silalahi J , Siahaan D
Published: June 2024

Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid that is composed of 12 C atoms, also found in palm kernel oil (PKO). PKO belongs to medium chain triglycerides (MCT) containing high levels of lauric acid which has health benefits. This research aims to find the relationship between the effect of increasing reaction time and reaction temperature and the mole ratio of substrate on the incorporation of lauric acid into palm kernel oil. From the research results it was revealed that increasing the reaction time up to 24 hours could increase the incorporation of lauric acid but decreased if the reaction time was increased to 40 hours. Furthermore, an increase in the reaction temperature from 44°C to 64°C increased the incorporation of lauric acid, if it was increased from 64°C to 84°C it resulted in a decrease in incorporation of lauric acid, if it was increased again to 104°C it resulted in incorporation of lauric acid -21.6%. In increasing the substrate ratio, the higher the substrate ratio (1:11), the higher the incorporation of lauric acid.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method
Authors: Hamid Muhammadin , Nasution Tulus Ikhsan , Putriana  , Isnaenia Isnaeni
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to produce ruminant feed pellets using Indigofera zollingeriana as the main ingredient, along with coconut pulp, rice bran, molasses, cassava, and EM 4 as additional components. The objective was to investigate the impact of optimizing animal feed pellets made from Indigofera zollingeriana and various mixed ingredients, such as rice bran, coconut pulp, cassava, molasses, and EM 4, by using the EM 4 fermentation method on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the animal feed pellets. The animal feed was prepared by blending Indigofera zollingeriana, coconut pulp, rice bran, and cassava in the proportion of (55.81% : 22.1% : 14.73% : 7.365%), along with molasses and EM 4 in a 1:1 ratio. The test samples were produced by weighing, pulverizing, mixing, fermenting, drying, and molding into pellets. The findings showed that the animal feed pellets made with Indigofera zollingeriana plant concentrate had physical properties that did not meet the standard values, such as specific gravity (1.96 gr/mL), porosity (8.84%), water absorption (68.76%), maturity temperature (38ºC), and solubility in water (4.36%). However, the animal feed pellets had a brownish color and a normal smell, similar to other animal feeds. In terms of mechanical properties, the values for hardness (5.002%) and brittleness (1.53%) met the standard values for animal feed pellets. Regarding chemical properties based on proximate analysis, the animal feed contained 8.22% protein, 6.78% total fat, 26.4% crude fiber, 17.4% carbohydrates, 7.50% ash content, and 33.7% moisture content. Only the ash content met the SNI 3148-2:2017 standard. Thus, the quality of these animal feed pellets needs improvement.
Ethnobotanical survey of herbal steam baths among the Tenggerese community in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Bhagawan W S , Ekasari W , Agil M
Published: June 2024

The use of traditional medicines, including medicinal plant in steam baths, is widespread in various traditional healthcare systems. This study aims to document and evaluate the plant species used in herbal steam baths within the Tenggerese community in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia, with a focus on women’s reproductive health. A combination of semi-structured interviews and observations was conducted with 13 female informants, including traditional birth attendants and women with children. A total of 12 plant species from 9 families were identified, with Cananga odorata, Piper betle, Rosa chinensis, and Jasminum sambac being the most frequently mentioned. The preparation and utilization of herbal steam baths in the Tenggerese community, particularly in postpartum care, were described. Several plants commonly used in the steam baths have been studied for their phytochemical compounds and pharmacological properties, supporting their traditional use.
Strategy For Capture Fisheries based Minapolitan Area Development in Pasongsongan, Sumenep District
Authors: Kusuma S.H , Salim Z. , Sianturi R.S.
Published: June 2024

Pasongsongan sub-district is one of the largest producers of captured fisheries in Sumenep Regency. The Sumenep Regency Spatial Plan directs that the Pasongsongan will be developed as a Minapolitan sub-district. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate a strategy to develop a capture fishery-based Minapolitan area in the Pasongsongan sub-district. Interviews were conducted to assess the potential and challenges of developing the captured fishery-based Minapolitan area. Using SWOT and qualitative content analyses, strategies for developing the Minapolitan area in the Pasongsongan sub-district were formulated. The analysis yielded 14 strategies, including enhancing institutional roles through stakeholder collaboration, activating the fishermen’s group and monitoring its activities, procuring essential infrastructure and optimizing existing facilities, creating a comprehensive master plan for the Minapolitan area, providing training for fishing machinery and equipment, and adopting more modern, technology-based methods for catch processing.
Correlation the Urban Mobility and COVID-19 Case in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Miladan Nur , Istanabi Tendra , Aliyah Istijabatul , Yudana Galing , Wibowo Brilianita Puspaningtyas , Azzakiyya Shafa Zaizafun
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 is an outbreak that spreads mainly due to human interaction. Transmission is greater when there is a potential crowd. So, the main policy in dealing with the spread of COVID-19 is to limit interactions. Interaction restrictions are carried out in various ways from social distancing to mobility restrictions. Mobility restriction means reducing the movement of the population for various purposes of movement. The less movement the number of transmissions of COVID-19 cases will also decrease. However, in various studies it turns out that this is not always the case. Reducing movement does not necessarily reduce the number of positive cases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the correlation between population mobility and the spreading of COVID-19 cases in Yogyakarta City. Yogyakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that is the epicentre of COVID-19. This research uses descriptive quantitative method and correlation analysis technique. The population mobility was obtained from primary data in the form of questionnaires, while COVID-19 cases were obtained from secondary data which provided by the Municipality of Yogyakarta City. The results of the analysis show that there is no correlation between the transportation mode choice and frequency of travel, and COVID-19 spreading. However, the travel time has a positive and significant correlation with the spreading of COVID-19.
Planning of Geometric Road Bend Using Spiral Circle Spiral Types (Case Study at STA. 11.800 to STA. 12.200) Jarak Village Roads in Jombang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Wibisono R E , Yuzaeva P M , Supriyatno D
Published: June 2024

Jarak Village, Jombang Regency in Indonesia has a conditions of the geometric structure of a narrow road with sharp turns. In addition, the village has many tourist attractions, so it often attracts tourist to vacation. Tourist arrivals will affect the economy, it is necessary to evaluate the geometric planning of road bends that have a elevation more than three percent its mean do not match the standard Highway Department of Indonesian method, therefore it is carried out using the Spiral Circle Spiral (SCS) calculation. The purpose of this research is to plan the geometric road bend using the SCS type to produce a plan on a bend with a design that meets the standard of the Highways method. The method in this research was a survey of the geometric conditions the roads. From the geometric condition data that was analysis would be carried out using the SCS type Highway Department of Indonesian method, with radius analysis on bends, and horizontal alignment visibility. The results of the research showed a transition curve (Ls). For more discuss can be describe the arc length and spiral angle will be calculated so that an road bend design is obtained.
The Utilization of Coconut Shell Ash Waste as Filler in Pavement Mixture towards Green Infrastructure
Authors: Widayanti A , Wibisono R E , Mahardi P , Pattisinai A R
Published: June 2024

Road is one of the most important land infrastructure in supporting community activities and regional development. The problem with current road construction is the increasingly limited availability of natural materials, so it necessary to innovate materials made from waste. This research utilizes waste material in the form of coconut shell ash as a filler towards the realization of green infrastructure. The purpose of this research was to obtain the characteristics of filler, aggregate, asphalt and their effect on road pavement mixtures. The research method is research in the laboratory. The results obtained are that the physical properties of aggregate, asphalt and coconut shell ash meet the requirements of The General Highway Specification. Utilization of coconut shell ash filler of 3.5% obtained Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) of 5.5%, 4% obtained OAC of 5.8%. Based on results of the Marshall parameters for the two mixtures meet all the standards of The General Highways Specification. The use of coconut shell ash as filler in a mixture of road pavements can increase the strength and durability of road pavements, as well as support the realization of green infrastructure. It can have an impact on improving environmental quality through the use of waste for road pavement towards the development of environmentally green infrastructure.
Street Crowdedness and Urban Congestion Level by MAC and GPS Data
Authors: Hidayat A
Published: June 2024

Wi-Fi is one of the emerging technologies today. Wi-Fi refers to MAC (Media Access Control) address data. A MAC address represents a device number. In other words, it represents the number of people. The system uses MAC address data to determine road traffic congestion and land use, detects the number of terminals using a Wi-Fi scanner, and analyzes vehicle speed using GPS. The purpose of this research is to understand city-level services from traffic services and road congestion status and degree of congestion using Wi-Fi data (MAC addresses). This method was used for this study by providing a Wi-Fi scanner and a GPS scanner inside the bus. A Wi-Fi scanner that collects MAC address data and GPS for calculating bus speed. The congestion hypothesis in this study is that the bus is slow, and the total number of MAC addresses is high at the same time, or vice versa. The results show that the maximum correlation value between speed and total number of MAC addresses is -0.629. Negative correlation leads to slower bus speeds, higher total MAC addresses, and different. The numbers indicate the congested sections around the bus route during the bus operating hours. Several parameters such as travel time, travel speed and standard deviation/variance were analyzed for congestion level. Analyze aspects that link road conditions to good or bad service. Congestion levels can be determined based on RI, which is derived from the standard deviation and average speed of each road link.