bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolving Face Mask Guidance During a Pandemic and Potential Harm to Public Perception: Infodemiology Study of Sentiment and Emotion on Twitter (Preprint)
Authors: Ramjee Divya , Pollack Catherine C , Charpignon Marie-Laure , Gupta Shagun , Rivera Jessica Malaty , El Hayek Ghinwa , Dunn Adam G , Desai Angel N , Majumder Maimuna S
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention policies on face mask use fluctuated. Understanding how public health communications evolve around key policy decisions may inform future decisions on preventative measures by aiding the design of communication strategies (eg, wording, timing, and channel) that ensure rapid dissemination and maximize both widespread adoption and sustained adherence.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess how sentiment on masks evolved surrounding 2 changes to mask guidelines: (1) the recommendation for mask use on April 3, 2020, and (2) the relaxation of mask use on May 13, 2021.

METHODS

We applied an interrupted time series method to US Twitter data surrounding each guideline change. Outcomes were changes in the (1) proportion of positive, negative, and neutral tweets and (2) number of words within a tweet tagged with a given emotion (eg, trust). Results were compared to COVID-19 Twitter data without mask keywords for the same period.

RESULTS

There were fewer neutral mask-related tweets in 2020 (β=–3.94 percentage points, 95% CI –4.68 to –3.21; P<.001) and 2021 (β=–8.74, 95% CI –9.31 to –8.17; P<.001). Following the April 3 recommendation (β=.51, 95% CI .43-.59; P<.001) and May 13 relaxation (β=3.43, 95% CI 1.61-5.26; P<.001), the percent of negative mask-related tweets increased. The quantity of trust-related terms decreased following the policy change on April 3 (β=–.004, 95% CI –.004 to –.003; P<.001) and May 13 (β=–.001, 95% CI –.002 to 0; P=.008).

CONCLUSIONS

The US Twitter population responded negatively and with less trust following guideline shifts related to masking, regardless of whether the guidelines recommended or relaxed mask usage. Federal agencies should ensure that changes in public health recommendations are communicated concisely and rapidly.
A Comprehensive Self-Management Intervention for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (CSM-IBD): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kamp Kendra , Clark-Snustad Kindra , Yoo Linda , Winders Samantha , Cain Kevin , Levy Rona L , Dey Neelendu , Lee Scott , Keefer Laurie , Heitkemper Margaret
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Despite pharmacological treatment, individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Few nonmedical self-management interventions are available for people with IBD. A validated comprehensive self-management (CSM) intervention is effective for patients with irritable bowel syndrome who can have symptoms similar to those of individuals with IBD. We created a modified CSM intervention tailored to individuals with IBD (CSM-IBD). The CSM-IBD is an 8-session program delivered over 8-12 weeks with check-ins with a registered nurse.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility and acceptability of study procedures and the CSM-IBD intervention and to evaluate preliminary efficacy on quality of life and daily symptoms for a future randomized controlled trial. Additionally, we will examine the association of socioecological, clinical, and biological factors with symptoms at baseline and response to intervention.

METHODS

We are conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial of the CSM-IBD intervention. Participants aged 18-75 years who are experiencing at least 2 symptoms are eligible for inclusion. We plan to enroll 54 participants who will be randomized (2:1) into the CSM-IBD program or usual care. Patients in the CSM-IBD program will have 8 intervention sessions. Primary study outcomes include the feasibility of recruitment, randomization, and data or sample collection, as well as the acceptability of study procedures and interventions. Preliminary efficacy outcome variables include quality of life and symptoms. Outcomes data will be assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention, and 3 months post intervention. Participants in the usual care group will have access to the intervention after study participation.

RESULTS

This project is funded by the National Institutes of Nursing Research and reviewed by the University of Washington’s institutional review board. Recruitment began in February 2023. As of April 2023, we have enrolled 4 participants. We expect the study to be completed by March 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot study will evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a self-management intervention (a web-based program with weekly check-ins with a registered nurse) that aims to improve symptom management in individuals with IBD. In the long term, we aim to validate a self-management intervention to improve patient quality of life, reduce direct and indirect costs related to IBD, and be culturally appropriate and accessible, particularly in rural and underserved communities.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05651542; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05651542

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/46307
The Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Prophylaxis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yin Juntao , Li Yang , Wang Chaoyang , Qin Changjiang , Miao Mingsan
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 prophylaxis remains highly controversial.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HCQ to prevent COVID-19.

METHODS

Electronic searches were conducted up to December 21, 2022 in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, medRxiv, the Cochrane COVID-19 Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The primary outcomes included COVID-19 transmission, and mortality. Treatment effects were reported as relative risk (RR) for dichotomous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We performed either a fixed- or random-effects model to pool the results of individual studies depending on the presence of heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Fifteen randomized trials were included: 10 pre-exposure prophylaxis trials and 5 post-exposure prophylaxis trials. The pooled RR of COVID-19 transmission in the pre-exposure prophylaxis trials was 0.73 (95% CI 0.66-0.81) when using either a fixed-effect model. The pooled RR of COVID-19 transmission in the post-exposure prophylaxis trials was 0.93 (95% CI 0.76-1.15). The final pooled RR, including all pre- and post-exposure trials, was 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.86).

CONCLUSIONS

Available evidence suggested that prophylactic HCQ for people at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was safe and effective. Therefore, HCQ as prophylaxis (especially as pre-exposure prophylaxis) for COVID-19 is recommended.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO (Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42022357880; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=257299
Correction: Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ettore Eric , Müller Philipp , Hinze Jonas , Riemenschneider Matthias , Benoit Michel , Giordana Bruno , Postin Danilo , Hurlemann Rene , Lecomte Amandine , Musiol Michel , Lindsay Hali , Robert Philippe , König Alexandra
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
Praktik Kehidupan Toleransi di Masyarakat Desa Pancasila dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Ideologi (Studi di Desa Wonorejo, Kecamatan Banyuputih, Kabupaten Bondowoso)
Authors: Shofa Abd. mu'id Aris
Published: February 2023

AbstrakPenelitin ini memiliki beberapa tujuan, yaitu 1) untuk mengetahui pola perilaku masyarakat dan peran aktor lokal dan strategi untuk mewujudkan kehidupan toleransi di Desa Pancasila, 2) untuk mengetahui kendala dalam menerapkan praktik toleransi di Desa Pancasila serta solusi dari kendala tersebut, dan 3) untuk mengetahui implikasinya terhadap ketahanan ideologi.Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif, lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Wonorejo, Kecamatnan Banyuputih, Kabupaten Bondowoso, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan 1) wawancara mendalam (Kepala Desa dan Kepala Dusun serta 2 tokoh masyarakat), 2) dokumentasi (foto dan dokumen terkait), dan 3) observasi (peneliti melakukan pengamatan secara langsung di Desa Pancasila. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah analisis data interaktif yang terdiri dari beberpaa komponen yaitu pengambilan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) aktor lokal yang terlibat ialah peran aktor lokasl (pemerintah desa dan tokoh masyarkat) selalu mengakomodir masyarakat untuk selalu bersikap saling menghormati dan meghargai antar perbedaan yang ada khususnya agama dan etnis, sehingga masyarakat selalu berusaha untuk mengedepankan toleransi di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, 2) kendala yang dihadapi ialah a) munculnya sikap skeptis dalam beribadah, b) adanya konflik di keluarga terkait perbedaan agama dan c) terbatasnya upacara perayaan keagamaan. Solusi untuk mengatasi kendala, yaitu dengan dialog dan mengedepankan sikap keterbukaan di dalam keluarga untuk menerima perbedaan agama, dan 3) Masyarakat di Desa Pancasila mengimplementasikan nilai religius, kemanusiaan, persatuan, demokratis, dan keadilan, sehingga berimplikasi pada ketahanan ideologi yang tangguh
De-contextalize Literary Studies: Ontological Turn and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Literature, Park Seonjoo
Published: February 2023

Ontological turn challenges the humanistic studies which has been deeply immersed in linguistic turn. Graham Harman and Quentin Meillasoux, the representative thinkers, argue that thing/object/reality exist for itself, regardless of its contexts, relations, or co-relations. Harman says that literary critics should see how text/thing withstand its contexts and environment or even culture, and Meillasoux argues that reality is an absence of reason and we can get to it only by a narrative which is disconnected from every logic and predictable law. Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein can be read in terms of what these ontological thinkers say. The monster in the text is an excellent example of ‘thing itself.’ Its narrative is about disconnections and disruptions, exemplifying Meillasoux’s idea of “extro-science fiction.”
Waltar Benjamin’s Methodology for Art Criticism
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Literature, Kwon Yongsun
Published: February 2023

This article is an attempt to read Walter Benjamin's essay Goethe's Affinity through the concept of 'counterpoint' in music. First, I argued that Benjamin appropriated the concept of “affinity” for his own art criticism and he valued the interaction between a writer and a critic as a production of “affinity” while criticizing a biographical approach toward a writer. Secondly, I proposed that Benjamin’s initial efforts for a dialectical structure resulted in the discontent with its “synthesis,” which Goethe had also echoed in his novel. Due to such a discord, Benjamin had to abandon the system for his essay which had been expressed as the table of contents. However, I’d like to suggest such a theoretical trajectory as a process to form “dialectics outside dialectics,” which nurtured Benjamin’s unique “synthesis” of Messianism and philosophy of history. I concluded that Benjamin's Goethe's affinity adopted a 'counterpointal rhythm' to refashion dialectics for his unique art criticism.
A World of Pre-modern Bizarreness and Fantasy
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Literature, Jung Hyeyoung
Published: February 2023

The subject of this study is the Korean novel Baeksado (The Picture of White Serpent) (1939). It depicts a female shaman who worships snakes, a man's maniacal love for that female shaman, and the tragic fate that the two face as a result of that love. This study tries to search for the root of the horror, dream, bizarreness, and beauty of the 'Picture of White Serpents’--the fantasy created by dozens of snakes wrapped around a woman's beautiful body—which cannot be explained by modern rationality. The Baek Baek Gyo (White Cult) Incident, which shook Korean society in the late 1930s when Baeksado was published, can be an important clue to this search. This study focuses on the relationship between the Baek Baek Gyo Incident and the creation of Baeksado while trying to find the traces of the supernatural world that have been removed under the name of 'civilization'.
Nexus of energy efficiency, carbon emission and economic growth in Nigeria
Authors: Tijani Danfoso Adama , Adeyinka Olure-Bank , Michael Dennis
Published: February 2023

Given rising temperatures, climate change, the alarming increase in energy demand, and the importance of energy efficiency, there is a need for an increasing review subject matter. In this sense, policymakers develop various measures, including renewable adoption and energy efficiency. This study examined the causal effect of oil production and carbon emission from gas flaring on the economic growth rate in Nigeria from 1980-2021. The findings revealed that economic growth and energy consumption significantly increases energy-related emissions. An increase in income level influences investors and industrialists to invest in the industrial sector, increasing production, diversification, and expansion. However, increased production and expansion of industries increase energy demand. Energy demand met by consuming fossil fuel increases energy-related emissions in Nigeria and negatively affects environmental quality. More importantly, carbon emission impedes environmental sustainability and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. The study is relevant to the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals agendas for two fundamental reasons: the world needs Sustainable Development Goal 7 – ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy by 2030. (b) Large extractive industries primarily drive growth in Nigeria, and the country's population is expected to double in about 30 years. Energy efficiency for inclusive development is very welcome. This is essential because studies have shown that the increase in unemployment (resulting from the underlying demographic change) would be accommodated by only the private sector, not the public sector.
Melt network reorientation and crystallographic preferred orientation development in sheared partially molten rocks
Authors: Seltzer Cassandra , Peč Matěj , Zimmerman Mark E. , Kohlstedt David L
Published: February 2023

As partially molten rocks deform, they develop melt preferred
orientations, shape preferred orientations, and crystallographic
preferred orientations (MPOs, SPOs and CPOs). We investigated the
co-evolution of these preferred orientations in experimentally deformed
partially molten rocks, then calculated the influence of MPO and CPO on
seismic anisotropy. Olivine-basalt aggregates containing 2 to 4 wt%
melt were deformed in general shear at a temperature of 1250°C under a
confining pressure of 300 MPa at shear stresses of τ = 0 to 175 MPa to
shear strains of γ = 0 to 2.3. Grain-scale melt pockets developed a MPO
parallel to the maximum principal stress, s1, at γ < 0.4. At
higher strains, the grain-scale MPO remained parallel to s1, but
incipient, sample-scale melt bands formed at ~20° to s1.
An initial SPO and CPO were induced during sample preparation, with
[100] and [001] axes girdled perpendicular to the long axis of
the sample. At the highest explored strain, a strong SPO was
established, and the [100] axes of the CPO clustered nearly parallel
to the shear plane. Our results demonstrate that grain-scale and
sample-scale alignments of melt pockets are distinct. Furthermore, the
melt and the solid microstructures evolve on different timescales: in
planetary bodies, changes in the stress field will first drive a
relatively rapid reorientation of the melt network, followed by a
relatively slow realignment of the crystallographic axes. Rapid changes
to seismic anisotropy in a deforming partially molten aggregate are thus
caused by MPO rather than CPO.
Mantle Deformation Processes during the Rift-to-Drift Transition at Magma-Poor Margins
Authors: Montiel Nicholas J , Masini Emmanuel , Lavier Luc L , Muntener Othmar , Calassou Sylvain
Published: February 2023

The rift-to-drift transition at rifted margins is an area of active
investigation due to unresolved issues of the ocean-continent transition
(OCT). Deep structures that characterize modern OCTs are often difficult
to identify by seismic observations, while terrestrial exposures are
preserved in fragments separated by tectonic discontinuities. Numerical
modeling is a powerful method for contextualizing observations within
rifted margin evolution. In this article, we synthesize geological
observations from fossil ocean-continent transitions preserved in
ophiolites, a recent seismic experiment on the Ivorian Margin of West
Africa, and GeoFLAC models to characterize mantle deformation and melt
production for magma-poor margins. Across varied surface heat fluxes,
mantle potential temperatures, and extension rates our model results
show important homologies with geological observations. We propose that
the development of large shear zones in the mantle, melt infiltration,
grain size reduction, and anastomosing detachment faults control the
structure of OCTs. We also infer through changes in fault orientation
that upwelling, melt-rich asthenosphere is an important control on the
local stress environment. During the exhumation phase of rifting,
continentward-dipping shear zones couple with seaward-dipping detachment
faults to exhume the subcontinental and formerly asthenospheric mantle.
The mantle forms into core-complex-like domes of peridotite at or near
the surface. The faults that exhume these peridotite bodies are largely
anastomosing and exhibit magmatic accretion in their footwalls. A
combination of magmatic accretion and volcanic activity derived from the
shallow melt region constructs the oceanic lithosphere in the footwalls
of the out-of-sequence, continentward-dipping detachment faults in the
oceanic crust and subcontinental mantle.
Assessing food security disruptions in the aftermath of extreme events
Authors: Galli Nikolas , Govoni Camilla , Rulli Maria Cristina
Published: February 2023

Climate change can potentially drive variations in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes, and in turn the impact these events have on agriculture. Agricultural damages resulting from extreme events can significantly affect food security at multiple scales, especially in contexts where pre-existing unfavourable social and economic conditions already hinder the stability and the effectivity of the food supply chain. In these contexts, formulating approaches to directly quantify food security impacts of extreme events in a way that is compatible with local data availability, but at the same time reliable and transparent, becomes a crucial and urgent matter. Moreover, while the importance of the multifaceted repercussions of agricultural damage on food security have been highlighted in the current literature, investigation on impacts different than reduced crop availability remain understudied. Here, we propose a methodology to derive metrics of food availability and food access impacts from post-disaster assessments, by putting the affected communities at the core of the analysis. We then provide perspectives on food utilization and food stability impacts. We apply the methodology on the severe floods that affected Malawi in the early months of 2015. We find that agricultural losses correspond to food sufficient for feeding more than 300,000 people and for balancing the diet of almost 2.3 million. Food security impacts also appear to disproportionately hit poorer and less food-secure districts. The proposed methodology is easily replicable in other case studies, also moving beyond floods as the triggering extreme event.
Efficacy of Prolotherapy for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Waluyo Yose , Artika Sari Rajwani , Insani Nanda Wahyuni  , Gunawan Andi Muh Aunul Khaliq , Zainal Ahmad Taufik Fadillah
Published: February 2023

Objective: Current treatments for osteoarthritis do not resolve the underlying cause. Dextrose prolotherapy is an alternative method that has been proposed for treatment of osteoarthritis, due to its ability to aid tissue regeneration, improve clinical manifestations, and repair damaged tissue structures, which are pathological conditions in osteoarthritis. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy compared with other interventions in the management of osteoarthritis.Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and BioMed Central were searched from inception to October 2021. Search terms included [(prolotherapy) OR (prolotherapies) OR (dextrose prolotherapy)] AND [(osteoarthritis) OR (osteoarthritides) OR (knee osteoarthritis) OR (hip osteoarthritis) OR (hand osteoarthritis) OR (shoulder osteoarthritis)]. Randomized controlled trials that compared the use of dextrose prolotherapy with other interventions (injection, placebo, therapy, or conservative treatment) in the treatment of osteoarthritis were included. Potential articles were screened for eligibility, and data were extracted by all authors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Study population, methods, and results data were extracted and tabulated by 3 authors.Results: 12 studies reported that DPT was as effective or even more effective in improving functional outcomes compared with other interventions whilst others found that HA, PRP, EP, and ACS were more effective. 14 studies assessed the effectiveness of DPT and ten of them reported that DPT was more effective in reducing pain compared with other interventions.Conclusion: Dextrose prolotherapy in osteoarthritis confers potential benefits for pain and functional outcomes, but this systematic review found that the studies to date are at high risk of bias.
LAY ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is a long-term chronic illness defined by the degeneration of cartilage in joints, causing bones to rub together and causing stiffness, discomfort, and decreased movement. Current treatment options for osteoarthritis do not address the fundamental cause. Dextrose prolotherapy is a potential alternative approach for OA, due to its capacity to help tissue regeneration, improve clinical symptoms, and repair damaged tissue structures, which are pathogenic in osteoarthritis. Despite several comparison studies, the superiority of dextrose prolotherapy in osteoarthritis remains equivocal due to contradictory outcomes. Based on this review, dextrose prolotherapy should be considered as a possible treatment for osteoarthritis.
Spectroscopy-based smart optical monitoring system in the applications of laser additive manufacturing
Authors: Choi J. , Wooldridge M. , Mazumder J.
Published: February 2023

The potential defects during the additive manufacturing (AM) process greatly deteriorate the mechanical properties of the fabricated structures and, as a result, increase the risks of part fatigue failure and even disasters. As laser additive manufacturing is such a complex process, many different physical phenomena such as electromagnetic radiation, optical and acoustic emission, and plasma generation will occur. Unlike vision and acoustic methods, the spectroscopy based smart optical monitoring system (SOMS) provides atomic level information revealing mechanical and chemical condition of the product. By monitoring plasma, multiple information such as line intensity, standard deviation, plasma temperature, or electron density, and by using different signal processing algorithms such as vector machine training or wavelet transforming, AM defects have been detected and classified. Utilizing two fiber optic components, a bifurcated fiber and a split fiber, the experimental results were performed to improve SOMS signal-to-noise ratio. Defects, including subsurface pores and sudden changes of process parameters including shielding gas shut-off and foreign substance, were identified by the spectroscopy based SOMS. For chemical composition characterization, a degree of dilution in terms of chemical element variation is identified by a spectral peak intensity ratio through the SOMS. It turned out that the information on the Cr/Fe ratio of deposit at a certain layer is vital to design the mechanical property in the IN625 deposition on the mild steel case. The SOMS has also demonstrated that the chemistry ratio can be determined from the calibration curve method based on the known alloy samples and that the ratio of the maximum intensities of multiple species provides more information about the quality of the alloy.
The Experiences of Children on Sri Lanka's Tea Plantations: Labor and Sexual Exploitation, Violence, and Inadequate Education
Authors:   The Youth Voice International, Sri Lanka, Bandaranayake Rathnayake Mudiyanselage , Miles Glenn M. ,   up! International Collective, Wales, UK, Davis Jarrett D. ,   up! International Collective, New York, USA, Stenersen Madeline ,   St. Louis University, Missouri, USA
Published: February 2023

This article explores the difficulties faced by children living in Sri Lanka’s tea plantation areas. Data from 150 children reveal high rates of poverty, violence, and school dropout. Children in tea plantation schools report bullying and stigma from teachers and students. Many children do not envision completing school due to inadequate resources, family income pressures, and the need to work. Children who drop out of school face abusive labor conditions and poor pay. Over 30% of all children report experiencing sexual abuse, often in their own homes. Those working face discrimination, physical abuse, and wage theft. Initiatives are needed to improve family incomes, reform schools, provide affordable childcare, enforce child labor laws, and raise awareness of safety and rights. Governmental financial support is required to improve housing, expand agriculture production to generate family income for schooling expenses, and provide training for teachers. Government interventions and creating coordination between agencies, NGOs, and tea industry stakeholders are vital to alleviate the hardships faced by Sri Lanka’s tea plantation children and create opportunities for them to realize their full potential.
Un año de invasión rusa de Ucrania
Authors:   Investigadora, CIDOB, Arco Inés , Bargués Pol ,   Investigador principal, CIDOB, Bourekba Moussa ,   Investigador principal, CIDOB, Burguete Víctor ,   Investigador sénior, CIDOB, Claudín Carmen ,   Investigadora sénior asociada, CIDOB, Colomina Carme ,   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB, Fernández de Losada Agustí ,   Investigador senior y director del Programa Ciudades Globales, CIDOB, Morillas Pol ,   Director, CIDOB, Pasetti Francesco
Published: February 2023

El 24 de febrero de 2022, el conflicto de Ucrania se convirtió en una guerra con un impacto global. La rápida entrada del ejército ruso por el este de Ucrania aceleró también la descomposición del orden posguerra fría que todavía quedaba en pie en el continente europeo. Desde entonces, los paradigmas de la arquitectura de seguridad, tanto global como europea, han cambiado drásticamente. La guerra ha impactado en la competición estratégica entre Estados Unidos y China, y en los mercados de recursos globales, pero también en la propia construcción institucional de Ucrania. Esta Nota Internacional de CIDOB analiza el impacto geopolítico, económico, tecnológico y migratorio de un conflicto que sigue escalando sobre el terreno. Sin una vía de resolución todavía en el horizonte, la amenaza de una guerra larga o de un conflicto enquistado es el peor de los escenarios para Ucrania y para Europa.
The effects of replacing fishmeal by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on digestive enzymes activity and hepatopancreatic biochemical indices of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Sharifinia Moslem , Bahmanbeigloo Zahra Afshari , Keshavarzifard Mehrzad , Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Daliri Moslem , Koochaknejad Emad , Jasour Mohammad Sedigh
Published: February 2023

Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed means a significant saving in the amount of FM at the global level and reducing environmental impacts. One of the potential protein sources to replace FM in shrimp diet is the use of insects’ meal. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of replacing FM with mealworm (MW; Tenebrio molitor) on the growth, digestive enzymes activity and hepatopancreatic biochemical indices of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed for 60 days with a control diet (T0) and 4 practical diets (T15, T30, T60 and T100) where 15, 30, 60 and 100% of the FM was substituted by MW, respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences in weight gain (WG) and hepatopancreatic index (HPI) among treatments and the lowest and highest values for were observed in T0 and T30, respectively. Our findings indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total nitric oxide (TNO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a meaningful decrease (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei juveniles fed diets containing MW. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the T0 did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) with other experimental treatments. Protease and lipase indicated an increasing trend with increasing the amount of MW up to 60%. The protease activity showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments containing MW and the control treatment. These findings indicated that MW could be a feasible candidate for replacing FM in diets of the Pacific white shrimp without any detrimental effects.
Capric and lauric acid mixture decreased rumen methane production, while combination with nitrate had no further benefit in methane reduction
Authors: Joch Miroslav , Vadroňová Mariana , Češpiva Miroslav , Zabloudilová Petra , Výborná Alena , Tyrolová Yvona , Kudrna Václav , Tichá Denisa , Plachý Vladimír , Hroncová Zuzana
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the methane-reducing potential of individual and combined treatments of low levels of nitrate (NIT) and a mixture of capric/lauric acid (CL) in dairy cows. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In the in vitro experiment, the anti-methanogenic effects of NIT (1.825 mmol/l) and CL (250 mg/l; capric acid, 125 mg/l + lauric acid, 125 mg/l) were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design using consecutive batch incubations with rumen fluid. The NIT and CL reduced (P<0.05) methane production by 9.2% and by 21.3%, respectively. However, combining NIT with CL did not show (P>0.05) any benefit in methane reduction compared to the use of CL alone. In the in vivo experiment, eight multiparous dry Holstein cows were fed two diets in a crossover design for two 21-day periods (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling). The treatments were: 1) silage-based basal diet + 100 g stearic acid per cow/d (CON) and 2) silage-based basal diet + 50 g capric acid + 50 g lauric acid per cow/d (CL). Gas emissions were measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Methane production (g/d) was reduced (by 11.5%; P = 0.012) when the diet was supplemented with CL. However, supplementation with CL increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration (by 28.5%; P = 0.015) and gas ammonia production (g/d; by 37.2%; P = 0.005). Ruminal pH, protozoa count, and total and individual volatile fatty acid concentrations (VFA ) did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments. Treatment did not affect the intake and apparent total tract digestibility (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that low CL levels have anti-methanogenic potential. However, low levels of CL may compromise nitrogen use efficiency.
Meat quality, metabolic profile and antioxidant status of lambs fed on seedless grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Antunović Zvonko , Šalavardić Željka Klir , Steiner Zvonimir , Đidara Mislav , Drenjančević Mato , Ronta Mario , Pavić Valentina , Barron Lidija Jakobek , Novoselec Josip
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to research the effect of the seedless grape pomace (GP) added to feed mixture on meat quality, metabolic profile, and antioxidant status of Merinolandschaf lambs. The 90-day-old lambs in the control group (C, n=10) were fed feed mixture without GP while in experimental groups they were fed with 10% (GP10, n=10) or 20% (GP20, n=10) of GP in feed mixture for 30 days. There was a significant increase in L*, a* values and hue angle as well as a decrease in b* values of lamb carcasses in GP10 and GP20 compared to C group. When lambs were fed GP glucose concentrations decreased, while non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased on the 30th day in GP10 and GP20 compared with C group. A significant increase in SOD activity on day 30 and GPx activity on day 15 in lambs’ blood of GP10 and GP20 compared with C group was determined. Also, an increase in DPPH in lamb GP10 and GP20 compared with C was determined. The obtained results of the meat quality, metabolic profile and antioxidant status parameters of lamb meat showed that the use of 10% GP in the diet is justified, while 20% of GP was questionable.
Total and partial magnetic retained overdenture. A clinical report.
Authors: Bogdan-Andreescu Claudia Florina , Bănățeanu Andreea Mariana , Botoacă Oana , Rădulescu Diana Eugenia
Published: February 2023

An overdenture is a denture supported partly by soft tissues and partly by retained teeth or implants. Magnetic tooth-retained overdentures are used to increase support, retention, and stability but also prevent alveolar ridge resorption. Magnetic attachments increase the retention of partial or complete dentures regardless of the path of the insertion and, in addition, can be used for abutment teeth with periodontal disease. This paper discusses two oral rehabilitation cases with total and partial tooth-retained overdenture.
New Chapters in the Evolution of Taste: How Eighteenth-Century English Salonnières Shaped the Culture of Sociability
Authors: Butoescu Elena
Published: February 2023

In eighteenth-century Britain the term taste was a new vehicle for discerning subtle qualities of an individual mind’s experience of practically anything in the polite world and the world of letters. The term entailed the response of the mind to beauty, and it became popular in each and every genre of writing. The notion of taste acquired a distinctive dimension which effectively disentangles it from the notion of aesthetics emerging early in the nineteenth century as a new area of philosophical enquiry. The eighteenth-century discourses on and ongoing debates over taste and beauty focused on the dominant classicist prototypes of universality, awareness of proportion, harmony and the sense of form and symmetry, principles which were specifically articulated by such Men of Taste as the Earl of Shaftesbury, David Hume and Joshua Reynolds, who had a monopoly on taste. However, the eighteenth century laid the groundwork for an alternative notion of taste, which included women in the realm of theorizing in the taste mode. This article aims to look into the category of exotic taste, and more precisely into the fashionable literary coterie of eighteenth-century England, often presided by women writers such as the Bluestockings Elizabeth Montagu, Mary Delany, Catherine Macaulay, and Hannah More, with the purpose of connecting this type of literary promotion, which was effective in shaping contemporary literary taste, to the theories of taste that anticipated aesthetic judgment in the nineteenth century. Besides, the new social milieu accommodating literary meetings shaped a new discourse which, though ridiculed, facilitated and revitalized conversation in what Hume called “the conversable world” and Samuel Johnson defined as the “clubbable” age. Accordingly, the article will explore the extent to which the discourse employed in such conversations transformed women’s literary taste into an accepted critical category and contributed to the formation of literary reputations.
Is the Quality of Life Objectively Evaluable on Naturalism?
Authors: Vallicella William F.
Published: February 2023

This article examines one of the sources of David Benatar’s anti-natalism. This is the view that ‘all procreation is [morally] wrong.’ (Benatar and Wasserman, 2015:12) One of its sources is the claim that each of our lives is objectively bad, hence bad whether we think so or not. The question I will pose is whether the constraints of metaphysical naturalism allow for an objective devaluation of human life sufficiently negative to justify anti-natalism. My thesis is that metaphysical naturalism does not have the resources to support such a negative evaluation. Metaphysical naturalism is the view that causal reality is exhausted by nature, the space-time system and its contents.

The gist of my argument is that the ideal standards relative to which our lives are supposed to be axiologically substandard cannot be merely subjective expressions of our desires and aversions; they must be (i) objectively binding standards that are (ii) objectively possible in the sense of concretely realizable. The realizability condition, however, cannot be satisfied on metaphysical naturalism; ergo, failure to meet these ideal standards cannot show that our lives are objectively bad.
Axiology and the Problem of Evil
Authors: Crozat Elliott R.
Published: February 2023

In this article, I contend that (a) disagreement over the definition of ‘good person’ indicates a challenge for the probabilistic argument from evil (PAE) and (b) the debate between value monism and value pluralism exposes obstacles for the PAE. I also highlight areas for further axiological inquiry with respect to the problem of evil and related problems. My goal is not to argue that the PAE fails, but to examine the axiology of the argument, to investigate some of its vulnerabilities, and to motivate novel evaluations of it by reframing it as an axiological rather than moral issue.
Sneezing: a case report of an unusual presentation for vocal cord hemorrhage
Authors: Ismail Mouhamad Hussein , Osiname Andrew
Published: February 2023

Background:

Vocal cord hemorrhages are due to the rupture of the blood vessel within the submucosa of the vocal fold. It is common in singers, post upper respiratory tract infections and in patients on anticoagulation. In this case report, we present an unusual presentation of a vocal cord hemorrhage following a sneeze.

Case Report:

This paper presents the case of a 34-year-old male who presented with change of the quality of his voice and throat pain following a sneeze. He was found to have right vocal cord hemorrhage on nasoendoscopy and was managed with total voice rest and rehydration. Patient made full recovery following conservative management.

Conclusion:

This case report is important as it highlights sneezing as a mechanism of vocal cord hemorrhage. It also shows the importance of having a low index of suspicion for performing nasoendoscopy following voice changes.
On Holistic Psychosomatic Nature Of Bioenergycorrection
Authors:   Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Science, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Raković Dejan
Published: February 2023

Bioenergycorrection as an ancient way of correcting vital energy flow is well known in many multi-millennial traditions, having withstood the test of time to this day, with some modern modifications. On the wave of the expansion of integrative medicine since the mid-1990s in China, the US and Europe, some bioenergycorrection techniques have been subjected to scientific research and have been included in the curricula of medical schools therein. We emphasize that numerous transpersonal phenomena associated with consciousness and psychosomatic bioenergycorrection are phenomenologically well documented, and that their physical explanation should be sought at the very border of the existing scientific paradigm. Within our quantum-holographic / quantum-gravitational (QHQG) theoretical framework of the acupuncture system, consciousness, and vital energy, they are of a deeper quantum-gravitational origin, with exotic aspects of spatio-temporal tunnels and vital energy extended to acupuncture channels (of exotic vacuum-like refractive index!) with transpersonal quantum-entangling inflow of vital energy. It should also be noted that the healing effects on the patient's acupuncture system / consciousness are often blocked by quantum-holographically encoded spiritual personal consent to the disease as a form of (self) punishment (as evidenced by the subjects' experiences in post-hypnotic regressions), when prayers and self-love for oneself and others are necessary with the aim of ending (self) punishment - thus performing spiritual integration of the personality, i.e. dis-entanglement of transpersonal energy blockages, which triggers the process of permanent healing. Such spiritual indeterministic interventions by introducing new vacuum excitations of vital energy in the otherwise deterministic quantum-holographic evolution of collective consciousness (similar to the spiritually-excited and mentally-channeled Ayurvedic, Qigong, Reiki and modern experiences of local and transpersonal healing, thus non-Schrodinger imposing necessary essentially new boundary conditions!) - can permanently remove as a net effect the whole mutual conflict between two people, which is also the greatest source of freedom in optimizing life programs through spiritual cleansing. This significantly contributes to our understanding that even the most severe psychosomatic disorders have their roots in energy-informational blockages, and that healing begins by removing them - first by loving oneself, accepting oneself and forgiving oneself, which is then manifested by loving others and accepting others (e.g. spiritually dis-entangling / unleashing repentant-forgiving prayer)!
АВТОРСЬКИЙ ВЕРТЕП «ВІЙНИ»: СЮЖЕТНО-МОТИВНО-ПЕРСОНАЖНІ МОДИФІКАЦІЇ
Authors: ЯРЕМКО Лілія
Published: February 2023

У статті розглянуто феномен вертепу як унікального явища фольклорної традиції українців. Подано інтерпретацію вертепного дійства як «пограничне фольклорно-літературне явище». Акцентована увага на значимості вертепу у парадигмі сучасних етнокультурних комунікацій. Для аналізу взято сучасний авторський текст вертепу 2023 року. У тексті майстерно поєднано теми «сакрального» і «профанного».  Акцентовано увагу на появі нових мотивів, сюжетів, персонажів. З’являються мотиви незламності духу українських воїнів, мотив прагнення до Перемоги. Маємо зміни у сюжеті вертепу: додаються нові події, факти сьогодення, які майстерно вплетені у канву релігійного сюжету. Окрім того, у тексті представлено багато нових персонажів з політичного життя країни-агресорки. Події війни росії проти України накладають відбиток на появу нових текстів вертепів з «політичними підтекстами». Це «вертепи війни». Незважаючи на те, що вертепна драма, яка побудована на естетичних формах мистецтва бароко, усе ж вільно поводиться з контамінацією різноманітних сюжетів і мотивів. Вертеп розвивається і модернізується відповідно до ситуацій часу, у якому ми живемо. Методологічною основою статті є використання функціонально-системного підходу до аналізу новітніх текстів авторського вертепу.
Propulsion Alternatives for Mars Transportation Architectures
Authors: Nikitaeva Daria , Dale Thomas L.
Published: February 2023

Recently, NASA has pushed for returning humans to the moon, with in-situ resource utilization being the key capability to provide sustainability. One of the potential future developments could be a propellant depot in lunar distant retrograde orbit. Using Aerojet Rocketdyne Mars mission architectures and University of Alabama in Huntsville Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) engine models, this research analyzed the impacts of using chemical [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] engines as well as the liquid-oxygen (LOX) Augmented Nuclear Thermal Rocket (LANTR) engines for these missions and compared their performances to the reference hydrogen-based NTP (H-NTP) engines all the while assuming a propellant depot at lunar distant retrograde orbit. For a human mission to Mars originating in the lunar distant retrograde parking orbit, the LANTR engines will offer better overall performance than H-NTP engines with a predicted 55.6% decrease in propellant volume, 39% decrease in vehicle dry mass, and 50% decrease in the number of aggregation launches. This is due to LANTR’s 22% higher specific impulse than conventional [Formula: see text] chemical propulsion systems, three times higher density than pure hydrogen, and 440% higher thrust than the baseline H-NTP engines. However, these benefits come at the cost of the propellant mass, which is 32.4% higher for the conjunction class mission and 106.7% higher for the opposition class mission than the baseline H-NTP system.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Kentucky Re-Entry Universal Payload System
Authors: Stoffel Tyler D. , Barrios-Lobelle Ares , Schmidt John D. , Martin Alexandre , Poovathingal Savio J.
Published: February 2023

The Kentucky Re-Entry Universal Payload System (KRUPS) is a low-cost space capsule that has been designed to collect flight data. This work focuses on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow around the capsule at various altitudes along the trajectory path during Earth re-entry. CFD simulations are performed at altitudes of 60 and 40 km by accounting for thermochemical nonequilibrium and surface catalycity using current state-of-the-art hypersonic approaches. The flowfield at all altitudes exhibits significant thermal and chemical nonequilibrium with vibrational temperature lagging the translational temperature in the forebody and exceeding the translational temperature in the wake. Inclusion of surface catalycity influences the heat flux on the surface and the flow temperature in the boundary layer. The number density profiles of nitric oxide molecules and spectral emission computations using the line-by-line radiative solver NEQAIR indicate that higher emissions would occur at an altitude of 60 km in comparison to emissions at 40 km, and spectral intensity would be higher along the stagnation line despite high densities of NO near the edges of the capsule, and that emissions in the 100–400 nm wavelength range are dominant.
Initial Orbit Determination from Only Heading Measurements
Authors: Christian John A.
Published: February 2023

This work introduces the problem of initial orbit determination (IOD) from only heading measurements. Such a problem occurs in practice when estimating the orbit of a spacecraft using visual odometry measurements from an optical camera. After reviewing the problem geometry, a simple solution is developed in the form of an iterative scheme on the parameters describing the orbital hodograph. Numerical results are presented for an example spacecraft in low lunar orbit. The principal intent of this brief study is to communicate the existence of a new class of IOD problem to the community and to encourage the broader study of hodographs and heading-only IOD.