bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of South Asian summer monsoon simulation to land surface schemes in Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Lu Sha , Zuo Hongchao
Published: June 2021

The land surface scheme is crucial for the performance of regional climate models in dynamic downscaling application. In this study, we explore the sensitivity of the simulation with 10‐km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to the land surface schemes in simulating South Asian summer monsoon. The WRF simulations for 19 summers from 2000 to 2018 are conducted with four different land surface schemes including Exp‐CLM4, Exp‐Noah‐MP, Exp‐PX, and Exp‐SSiB, with that the initial and boundary conditions for the WRF model simulations are provided from the NCEP‐FNL data. The ERAI reanalysis data, GHCN‐CAMS, and CRU gridded data are used to comprehensively evaluate the WRF simulations. Compared with verification data, the WRF model can reasonably capture the spatial patterns of summer mean large‐scale atmospheric circulation, 2‐m temperature and precipitation. The simulation results, however, are sensitive to the option of land surface scheme. The performance of Exp‐CLM4 and Exp‐SSiB is better than that of Exp‐Noah‐MP and Exp‐PX assessed by multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method. To explore the dynamic and physical mechanisms behind the WRF model sensitivity to land surface schemes, the differences in the surface energy balance between the ensemble means Ens‐CLM4‐SSiB and Ens‐NoanMP‐PX are analysed in detail. The results illustrate that the intensity of the simulated sensible heat flux over South Asia is weaker in Ens‐CLM4‐SSiB than that in Ens‐NoahMP‐PX. The simulated wind fields are influenced due to the geostrophic adjustment process caused by large differences in geopotential height; thus, the simulations of 2‐m temperature and precipitation are all affected.
Plexciton and electron–phonon interaction in tip‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Ma Jialin , Song Jizhe , Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao
Published: June 2021

We investigate physical mechanism on plexciton and electron–phonon interaction in tip‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (TERRS). Plexcitons are polaritonic modes that result from the strong coupling between excitons and plasmons. Exciton and plasmon coupling interaction can result in two plexciton peaks; and the plexciton peak at low energy (bright mode) is greatly enhanced, and the plexciton peak at high energy (dark mode) is suppressed in TERRS. The bright mode of plexciton can coherently strongly enhance resonance Raman scattering in TERRS. The total enhancement in TERRS can reach up to the order of 1011, including plexciton enhancement of 108 and molecular resonance Raman enhancement of 103. Interaction between voltage/current and molecular vibrations (electron–phonon interaction) can also further strongly enhance the intensity of Raman scattering in TERRS. The electron–phonon interaction at different incident light is theoretically revealed for plexciton‐enhanced resonant Raman scattering in TERRS. Our theoretical results can promote the deeper understanding the contributions of plexciton and electron–phonon interaction to TERRS.
Cultivation of the gut bacterium Prevotella copri DSM 18205T using glucose and xylose as carbon sources
Authors: Huang Fang , Sardari Roya R. R. , Jasilionis Andrius , Böök Olof , Öste Rickard , Rascón Ana , Heyman‐Lindén Lovisa , Holst Olle , Karlsson Eva Nordberg
Published: June 2021

Prevotella copri DSM18205T is a human gut bacterium, suggested as a next‐generation probiotic. To utilize it as such, it is, however, necessary to grow the species in a reproducible manner. Prevotella copri has previously been reported to be highly sensitive to oxygen, and hence difficult to isolate and cultivate. This study presents successful batch cultivation strategies for viable strain inoculations and growth in both serum bottles and a stirred tank bioreactor (STR), without the use of an anaerobic chamber, as long as the cells were kept in the exponential growth phase. A low headspace volume in the STR was important to reach high cell density. P. copri utilized xylose cultivated in Peptone Yeast Xylose medium (PYX medium), resulting in a comparable growth rate and metabolite production as in Peptone Yeast Glucose medium (PYG medium) in batch cultivations at pH 7.2.Up to 5 g/L of the carbon source was consumed, leading to the production of succinic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid, and cell densities (OD620 nm) in the range 6−7.5. The highest yield of produced succinic acid was 0.63 ± 0.05 g/g glucose in PYG medium cultivations and 0.88 ± 0.06 g/g xylose in PYX medium cultivations.
Effects of terpene alcohol dopant on the morphology and electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal composite films
Authors: Huang Junyi , Hu Wei , Yu Meina , Ren Yunxiao , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai
Published: June 2021

Terpenes are a large class of hydrocarbon compounds derived from isoprene, which can be produced by plants or emitted by insects. Terpene alcohols contain double bonds that may affect the addition polymerization, and hydroxyl groups that can promote the network crosslinking density during the formation of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal (PDLC) composite films. In this work, effects of different terpene alcohol dopant on the morphology and electro‐optical properties of PDLC films are systematically investigated. It is found that the appropriate dopant amount of geraniol (GOL) has the superior effect to improve the electro‐optical performance. The optimum addition amount is at 3 wt%, where the transmittance vs. voltage curve gets steeper, the driving voltage of PDLC film reduces from 74 to 32 V and meanwhile the contrast ratio maintains at a relatively high level (123). Thus, this work not only broadens the application scope of the natural spices but also provides a new strategy to reduce the driving voltage of PDLC films for practical applications.
Bipolar disorder prevalence and psychotropic medication utilisation in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom
Authors: Ng Vanessa W. S. , Man Kenneth K. C. , Gao Le , Chan Esther W. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Hayes Joseph F. , Wong Ian C. K.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is often an under‐addressed mental disorder. Limited studies have investigated its epidemiology and drug utilisation in Hong Kong (HK) and the United Kingdom (UK) and thus local prescribing practices remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BPD and the prescribing of psychotropic medications as maintenance treatment from 2001–2018 in HK and the UK.

Method

A retrospective study using the data from Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in HK and IQVIA Medical Research Data in the UK.

Results

The prevalence of BPD diagnosis in HK and the UK more than doubled during the study period. Some distinct changes in prescribing patterns over time were observed. Lithium use declined by 2.46% and 14.58% in HK and the UK, respectively. By 2018, patients were 4.6 times more likely to receive antidepressant monotherapy in the UK versus HK (15.62% vs. 3.42%). In HK, 38.41% of women of childbearing age were prescribed valproate in 2018 compared with 8.46% in the UK.

Conclusion

The prevalence of BPD diagnosis has been increasing in HK and the UK. The disparity in prescribing patterns of BPD maintenance treatment in two regions reflected three major issues in clinical practice: (1) under‐prescribing of lithium in both regions, (2) antidepressant monotherapy in the UK and (3) overprescribing of valproate to women of childbearing age in HK. A review of current clinical treatment guidelines and regulations of prescribing practice by local clinicians should be immediately implemented to ensure the safe use of medications in patients with BPD.
Waste Printing Powder and Parts Are Born Again on Ford Pickups
Authors: MALNATI PEGGY
Published: June 2021

HP, the automaker and vendors solve circular challenge by creating a closed‐loop—and valuable—materials stream
Treatment decisions after interdisciplinary evaluation for nonarthritic hip pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brown‐Taylor Lindsey , Harris‐Hayes Marcie , Foraker Randi , Vasileff William Kelton , Glaws Kathryn , Di Stasi Stephanie
Published: June 2021

Background

Physical therapy and hip arthroscopy are two viable treatment options for patients with nonarthritic hip pain (NAHP); however, patients may experience considerable decisional conflict when making a treatment decision. Interdisciplinary evaluation with a physical therapist and surgeon may better inform the decision‐making process and reduce decisional conflict.

Objective

To identify the extent to which an interdisciplinary evaluation between a surgeon, physical therapist, and patient influences treatment plans and decisional conflict of persons with NAHP.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Hip preservation clinic.

Participants

Adults with primary NAHP.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive a standard (surgeon) or interdisciplinary (surgeon+physical therapist) evaluation. Surgeon evaluations included patient interview, strength and range‐of‐motion examination, palpation, gross motor observation, and special testing. Interdisciplinary evaluations started with the surgeon evaluation, then a physical therapist evaluated movement impairments during sitting, sit‐to‐stand, standing, single‐leg stance, single‐leg squat, and walking. All evaluations concluded with treatment planning with the respective provider(s).

Outcome Measures

Treatment plan and decisional conflict were collected pre‐ and postevaluation. Inclusion of physical therapy in participants' postevaluation treatment plans and postevaluation decisional conflict were compared between groups using chi‐square tests and Mann‐Whitney U tests, respectively.

Results

Seventy‐eight participants (39 in each group) met all eligibility criteria and were included in all analyses. Sixty‐six percent of participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation included physical therapy in their postevaluation treatment plan, compared to 48% of participants who received a standard evaluation (p = .10). Participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation reported 6.3 points lower decisional conflict regarding their postevaluation plan (100‐point scale; p = .04). The interdisciplinary and standard groups reduced decisional conflict on average 24.8 ± 18.9 and 23.6 ± 14.6 points, respectively.

Conclusions

Adding a physical therapist to a surgical clinic increased interest in physical therapy treatment, but this increase was not statistically significant. The interdisciplinary group displayed lower postevaluation decisional conflict; however, both groups displayed similar reductions in decisional conflict from pre‐ to postevaluation. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of an interdisciplinary evaluation in a hip preservation clinic.
Can insecticide applications used to kill vector insects prevent pine wilt disease?
Authors: Jung Jong‐Kook , Lee Ung Gyu , Cha Deokjea , Kim Dong Soo , Jung Chansik
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The aerial application of insecticides is a primary method used to prevent the spread of pine wilt disease by reducing the population density of Monochamus beetles, the vector insects of pine wood nematodes (PWNs). This study investigated the mortality of vector insects and the ratio of PWN‐infected trees according to systemically remaining thiacloprid residues in Pinus densiflora. To do this, thiacloprid was sprayed on a nursery of 5‐year‐old P. densiflora in meshed cages. Then Monochamus alternatus adults carrying PWNs were placed into meshed cages 1 and 15 days post‐treatment (T1 and T15 groups for thiacloprid spraying, and N1 and N15 groups for nonsprayed groups) and tree mortality was monitored. We also measured the thiacloprid residues in pine branches in each treatment.

RESULTS

In pine trees, more thiacloprid residues were found in the T1 group than in the T15 group, but most M. alternatus adults died in the T1 and T15 groups and PWNs were detected in 51.3% of all recaptured beetles. In the 16th week after each treatment, the average tree mortalities in T1 and T15 were 0% and 16.7%, respectively, whereas mortality of ≈50–60% of all tested trees in the nonsprayed groups was observed.

CONCLUSION

The current aerial application of insecticides may have a limitation in preventing PWN transmission from dying M. alternatus adults when they are exposed to low thiacloprid residues in pine trees.
Tracking the deprotonation site of dehydroandrographolide with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by deuteration
Authors: Huo Zhipeng , Wang Yu , Feng Xinchi , He Yi , Qiu Feng
Published: June 2021

Rationale

Dehydroandrographolide (DA) is a diterpene compound of biological interest that contains one α,β‐unsaturated lactone group and two hydroxy groups. In the ESI (electrospray ionization) negative ion mode mass spectral analysis of 15‐dideuterodehydroandrographolide (15‐D2‐DA), the deuterium nucleus at the γ position of the α,β‐unsaturated lactone was more easily dedeuterated than deprotonation of the protons from the hydroxy groups. Exploring the rationality of deuteration as a tool for deprotonation position tracking is significant for gas‐phase acidity.

Methods

The mass spectra of DA and 15‐D2‐DA in positive and negative ion mode were acquired by liquid chromatography/ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/IT‐TOF) systems. The deprotonation and dedeuteration energies at specific sites were calculated by the B3LYP and M06‐2X density functional theory (DFT) methods with the program Gaussian 16.

Results

The [M + H]+ ion of 15‐D2‐DA was 2 amu larger than that of DA due to the substitution of two hydrogens with two deuteriums; however, the anion base peak of 15‐D2‐DA was only 1 amu larger than that of the [M – H]− ion of DA. Dedeuteration at the C15 site was proposed according to the mass spectral data. The deprotonation (dedeuteration) energies calculated by the B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,3pd)//B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d) and M06‐2X‐D3/ma‐TZVP methods showed that the C–H and C–D bonds at the C15 site have lower deprotonation (dedeuteration) energies than the energies of the hydroxy groups of DA, making their deprotonation (dedeuteration) more thermodynamically favourable.

Conclusions

Deuteration of DA provided direct evidence of the deprotonation site of DA in the ESI source of the mass spectrometer, and the DFT method well predicted the gas‐phase deprotonation site of DA.
Efficient identification of raw and ripe tung oil using headspace GC–MS
Authors: Xu Ling , Qian Rong , Zhao Jing , Yang Weifeng , Gao Jie , Wang Qun , Zhu Yueqin , Zhuo Shangjun
Published: June 2021

To differentiate between the raw type and ripe type of tung oil, it is important to distinguish between the types of tung oil before its application. In the present work, an efficient headspace gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐GC–MS) method was developed for identifying eight samples T1–T8, including the raw tung oil and ripe tung oil. The HS‐GC–MS experiments results showed that octanoic acid existed only in ripe tung oil of T2, T4, T6, T8, not in raw tung oil of T1, T3, T5, T7. Combined with structural characterization by tandem mass spectrometry, octanoic acid was screened as an effective marker for distinguishing between raw tung oil and ripe tung oil. Then, the HS‐GC–MS method was applied into the putty samples of X1 (raw tung oil with lime) and X2 (ripe tung oil with lime) and successfully identified the samples X1 mixed with raw tung oil and X2 mixed with ripe tung oil. The further validations results suggested that the detection limit of our HS‐GC–MS method could reach 1.05 mg/L for octanoic acid, whereas the detection limit of derivative gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (DR‐GC–MS) method was 2.74 mg/L for methyl octanoate. The investigation results can also provide the useful information and technical support for the selection of restoration materials and technology in ancient buildings.
Interpolating missing land cover data using stochastic spatial random forests for improved change detection
Authors: Holloway‐Brown Jacinta , Helmstedt Kate J. , Mengersen Kerrie L.
Published: June 2021

Forest cover requires large scale and frequent monitoring as an indicator of biodiversity and progress towards United Nations and World Bank Sustainable Development Goal 15. Measuring change in forest cover over time is an essential task in order to track and preserve quality habitats for species around the world. Due to the prohibitive expense and impracticality of mass field data collection to monitor forest cover at regular intervals, satellite images are a key data source for monitoring forest cover globally. A challenge of working with satellite images is missing data due to clouds. Existing methods for interpolating the missing data based on past images, such as compositing, are effective for stable land cover but can be inaccurate for dynamic and substantially changing landscapes. Here we present an adaptation of our recent stochastic spatial random forest (SS‐RF) method, which combines observed data from a prior image and modelled estimates of the current image to produce interpolated land cover values and associated probabilities of those values. Results show our SS‐RF method accurately detected simulated land cover change under both clear felling (0.83 average overall accuracy) and tree thinning (0.85 average overall accuracy). Our method detected forest cover change substantially more accurately than compositing, offering 39% and 12% increases in average overall accuracy for clear felling and tree thinning simulations respectively. However, when natural fluctuation occurs and there is minimal change in land cover, compositing has equivalent or more accurate performance than our method. Overall we find that our SS‐RF method produces accurate estimates under a range of simulated forest clearing scenarios and has a more accurate and robust performance than compositing when modelling noticeably changing landscapes.
3‐2: Invited Paper: Instability Issues of LTPS TFT for High Performance of Flexible AMOLED Display
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Chen Fa-Hsyang , Xing Rubo , Du Zhe , Li Junfeng
Published: June 2021

We present here a combined theoretical and experimental investigation on hysteresis improvement of LTPS TFTs via optimizing hydrogen content in poly‐silicon and adjusting density of states at poly‐Si/oxide interface. It can be demonstrated that hysteresis seems to be more dependent on the difference in trap density between the bandedge and midgap energy levels. A new method named just noticeable current difference (JND_Current) is employed to evaluate TFT reliability and short‐term image sticking. Incorporating the optimized processes of a‐Si deposition, cleaning conditions before gate‐insulator (GI) deposition and contact hole annealing is helpful to improve instability of LTPS TFTs. The hysteresis level (ΔVth) can be reduced to 0.11V, and also an improvement in quantized level of short‐term image sticking by 35%.
8‐3: Invited Paper: Back‐Channel Defect Termination for p‐Channel Oxide‐TFTs
Authors: Nomura Kenji
Published: June 2021

Oxide semiconductor‐TFT technology is widely accepted as a technology that realizes next‐generation display and flexible device technologies. However, the absence of high‐performance p‐channel oxide‐TFT is still recognized as the largest technological barrier that hinders the potentials of the oxide‐TFT device application. Here we investigated the TFT characteristics of p‐channel SnO and Cu2O oxide‐TFTs and clarified the origin of the poor TFT characteristics. It was found that their TFT performances for both the devices are largely affected backchannel donor‐type defect. We also developed effective backchannel defect termination for p‐channel oxide‐TFTs to improve their p‐channel TFT characteristics.
18‐4: Fast Image Restoration and Glare Removal for Under‐Display Camera by Guided Filter
Authors: Kim Daewook , Koo Jahoon , Yoo Jewon , Hwang Hyun-joo , Choi Sujin , Koh Eunkyung , Cho Hyunguk , Baek Seungin , Kim Yongjo , Cho Jaebum
Published: June 2021

Under‐display camera suffers from severe image blur and glare due to the structure of the display panel. Finite dynamic range of camera also causes irreversible damage on images. In this paper, we show that the blurry with glare can be rapidly restored by a neural network with guided filters.
19‐1: Invited Paper: Stable Pure‐Blue Hyperfluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Chan Chin-Yiu , Lee Yi-Ting , Tanaka Masaki , Wong Yiu-Wing , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2021

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a promising light‐emitting technology useful for various display applications1,2. Despite great progress in this field3−12, there is an ongoing challenge to realize high performance blue OLEDs with efficiency, good color purity, and device lifetime. Here, we report pure‐blue (CIEx,y color coordinates of [0.13, 0.16]) OLEDs with high‐efficiency (external quantum efficiency of 32 % at 1000 cd m−2), narrow‐emission (full‐width half maximum of 19 nm), and good stability (LT95 of 18 hours at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2). The design is based on a two‐unit stacked tandem hyperfluorescence (HF)‐OLED with an improved singlet‐excited energy transfer process from a sky‐blue TADF assistant dopant (AD) (HDT‐1) to a pure‐blue terminal emitter (TE) (v‐DABNA). Further, with sophisticated control of device architectures and materials combination, we report improved OLEDs.
30‐4: Electroholographic Display Based on a Horizontal Array of Edge‐Emitting Surface Acoustic Wave Modulators
Authors: Favalora Gregg E. , Bloomfield Valerie J. , Perkinson Joy C. , LeBlanc John J. , Callahan Dennis M. , O'Connor Sean P. , Voss Mark S. , Medernach Justin A. , Rogomentich Francis J. , Moebius Michael G.
Published: June 2021

An emerging enabling technology for electronic holographic displays is the surface acoustic wave (SAW) acousto‐optical modulator family. The authors describe successful demonstration of a horizontal parallax only (HPO) electroholographic display composed of 10 edge‐emitting SAW modulators with 8 channels each. It features innovations in display architecture, modulator design, packaging, and illumination.
33‐5: Fabrication Paths of Liquid‐Crystal Photonics for AR/VR Optical Systems
Authors: Wang Mengfei , Lu Lu , Curts Kyle , Choi Stephen , Tu Xingzhou , Lee Yun-Han , Wang Junren , Silverstein Barry
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we discuss different photo‐patterning paths for fabricating liquid crystal photonics devices, like geometric phase elements and polarization volume holograms for augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) optical systems. We review the viability of typical photo‐patterning methods for small‐quantity research purposes, with a focus on direct write and interference recording. We present detailed comparisons between direct duplication and projection duplication, with recommendations for cost‐ and time‐efficient manufacturing paths.
34‐1: Evaluating and Minimizing Color Distortion in Wide‐Gamut Displays Due to Variations of Cone Fundamentals among Color‐Normal Observers
Authors: Whitehead Lorne , Smet Kevin A.G. , Webster Michael
Published: June 2021

Narrowband three‐primary displays cause observer‐based metameric failure, whereby normal variations in color vision cause individuals to perceive display colors differently. This problem is reduced with broadband primaries, but so is color gamut. Another solution is to use six narrowband primaries, but this is considered impractical. Color error arises from the diversity of cone fundamentals among color‐normal observers. We recently developed a better way to assess this problem and reduce it. This enables both color accuracy and increased gamut, by optimizing the wavelengths in a four narrowband primary system that is compatible with current hardware and video signals.
45‐3: Ultra‐High‐Contrast 8K Dual‐Cell Display Based on IGZO Technology
Authors: Yoshida Takehisa , Shimoshikiryoh Fumikazu , Yamada Shigeyuki , Minoura Kiyoshi , Itoh Yasuhisa
Published: June 2021

By combining our 8K technology with the newly developed Dual‐Cell technology, we have developed a display that achieves high resolution and high contrast ratio of over 1,000,000 : 1. In addition, a 3‐layer driving technology that combines this 8K Dual‐Cell with a local dimming backlight has realized ultra‐high contrast ratio of over 2,000,000:1.
52‐1: Blue‐Light Eye Safety Predictions under Ambient Light: ePaper Displays with Front Light vs. Emissive Displays
Authors: Hertel Dirk
Published: June 2021

Blue light from displays may be hazardous to the viewer's eye. Although reflective ePaper displays can emit blue light if a LED front light is used, the reflection of ambient light effectively reduces its relative proportion in the display's total radiance spectrum. This is predicted by standard optical measurements of ePaper's emissive and reflective characteristics, combined with ambient illumination models. The beneficial effect of ambient light reflection is absent for emissive displays.
54‐6: Holographic 3D Telepresence System with Light Field 3D Displays and Depth Cameras over a LAN
Authors: Blackwell Christopher John , Khan Javid , Chen Xianzhong
Published: June 2021

A 3D teleconferencing system is demonstrated, based on the Looking Glass light field displays and Microsoft Azure Kinect depth cameras over a gigabit Local Area Network (LAN). Full‐duplex (two‐way) real‐time 3D streaming of a full colour point cloud video with audio is achieved at 30 fps at 173 Mbps.
59‐2: Laser Reflow Soldering Technique for Mini/MicroLed Displays
Authors: Wang Lili , Wang Chuhang , Liu Chao , Dong Enkai , Zhai Ming , Sun Haiwei
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the implementing method and technical advantages of line‐beam laser reflow soldering. Research shown that the laser reflow soldering is an extremely promising new technology which can not only improve the welding effect of chips, but also reduce the deformation of components and substrates.
59‐3: Ultra‐Precise Printing of Micrometer‐Size Interconnectors for High‐Resolution MicroLED Displays
Authors: Wiatrowska Aneta , Kowalczewski Piotr , Fiączyk Karolina , Witczak Łukasz , Gadzalińska Jolanta , Łysień Mateusz , Schneider Ludovic , Kosior Łukasz , Granek Filip
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate a novel ultra‐precise deposition (UPD) technology for printing of micrometer size, mechanically robust, and high‐conductivity interconnectors in micro‐LED (µLED) displays. UPD allows maskless deposition of highly‐concentrated silver inks (even 85% wt. of metal content) on steps much higher than the width of the printed structure. The printed feature size is as small as 1 micrometer with the electrical conductivity up to 45% of bulk silver.
62‐2: Flexible Full‐Color Active‐Matrix Quantum‐Dot OLED Display
Authors: Huang Wei , Jin Qian , Zhao Dejiang , Sun Zhongyuan , Li Wei , Shu Shi , Sun Qian , Tian Yu , Zhang Juan , An Che , Wang Linlin , Jiao Zhiqiang , Yu Yong , Liu Yujie , Han Ying , Li Xiang , Huang Haitao , Zhang Jianye , Chen Yi , Li Yang , Lu Tianhao , Wang Lu , Yuan Guangcai , Dong Xue
Published: June 2021

Quantum dot display with blue light excitation has attracted a lot of attention recently. In this work, rigid 13.6 inch 1920×1080 FHD full color active matrix quantum dot OLED display (QDOLED) on glass substrate and another evolutional flexible Quantum dot Filter On Electroluminescence display (QFOE) on polyimide (PI) substrate were fabricated with different device configuration. Cd‐free InP QD was introduced into photo‐curable resin and patterned by inkjet‐printing or photolithography process as the color conversion material (CCM). The 2‐stack blue OLED (B‐OLED) device designed under the balance of efficiency and uniformity was employed to excite QD pixel patterns by active matrix driving of coplanar oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane. The display performances of wide viewing angle, high color purity and excellent contrast ratio are preserved after the flexible process integration into QFOE to show more application potentials in near future.
62‐11: Development of New Green Phosphors for Liquid Crystal Display Backlights
Authors: Camardello Sam J. , Butts Matthew D. , Cassidy Rachel , Murphy James E. , Parthasarathy Gautam , Setlur Anant A. , Siclovan Oltea P. , Welch Justin , Yakimov Aharon
Published: June 2021

We discuss the performance of GE's new green phosphors for wide color gamut in liquid crystal displays. These new phosphors are combined with GE's K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF/PFS) red phosphor to increase color gamut by >5% versus standard KSF/β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphor blends. Other phosphor performance metrics such as response time, thermal quenching, and environmental stability will also be discussed.
65‐1: Invited Paper: Heavy‐Metal‐Free Electroluminescent Devices Based on Quantum Dots with Quasi‐Cubic Morphology
Authors: Barrera Diego , Ippen Christian , Newmeyer Ben , Kim Daekyoung , DaRos Jeffrey , Hotz Charlie , Ma Ruiqing
Published: June 2021

Electroluminescent QD‐EL devices based on InP and ZnTeSe quantum dots are one of the most promising future display technologies. With improvement in synthesis, we have developed high quantum yield environmental‐friendly quantum dots and through device optimization we have achieved efficiencies of 21.0% and 13.5% for red and blue QD‐ELs, respectively. In this paper, we report on the impact of the quasi‐cubic morphology of quantum dots to device efficiency performance.
68‐1: Extremely Robust Rollable AMOLED Display
Authors: Kim Taewoong , Choi Jinhwan , Choi Dongwon , Lee Sangjun , Lee Jonghwa , Ahn Jaeho , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Beomjin , Kim Taeho , Hong Jongho , Cho Sanghwan , Jo Sungchan , Lee Changhee , Kwag Jinoh
Published: June 2021

A new robust display with smart stack‐up structure was suggested and improved the pen drop height from 2 cm to 9.5 cm without any electrostatic damage due to the friction between top film and bottom film during cyclic rolling. The unique rolling strain distribution was analyzed and validated by experimental results.
P‐4: Novel Oxide Semiconductors Enabling as High On‐State Current as LTPS
Authors: Obonai Toshimitsu , Shima Yukinori , Ohno Masakatsu , Jintyou Masami , Okazaki Kenichi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2021

In this study, two novel oxide semiconductors with high mobilities (OS1 and OS2) were developed. OS1 enables high reliability and a small variation in the characteristics. OS2 also allows high reliability and its mobility is large enough to achieve an on‐state current comparable to that obtained using low‐temperature polysilicon.
P‐19: Student Poster: Enhanced Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Gate‐Driver Circuit Fabricated on a Flexible Substrate
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Wang Sisi , Wang Yuqi , Zhou Zhichao , Xia Zhihe , Lu Lei , Wong Man
Published: June 2021

The effects of fluorination on amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistors fabricated on polyimide (PI) at a maximal temperature of 300 °C were investigated. An excimer laser was used to lift‐off the PI from a glass‐based carrier substrate. The resulting TFTs exhibit more positive threshold voltage, steeper subthreshold swing, reduced apparent short‐channel effects, and tighter distribution of device parameters. Various test circuit blocks and a 4‐stage 15T1C gate driver were constructed to demonstrate the beneficial effects of fluorination on circuit applications.
P‐65: The Thickness of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive and Modulus Influence on Foldable Display's Cover Mechanical Performance
Authors: Zapico Guillermo Fernandez , Takahara Naoki , Furuzono Kazutoshi , Takahashi Ryoh , Kawauchi Fumihiko , Ishikawa Eisaku , Mansei Yohichiro , Makino Tatsuya
Published: June 2021

Pencil hardness and bendability tradeoff in foldable displays is one of the main problem in terms of reliability. As solution, an optimized laminate that includes the use of high modulus pressure sensitive adhesive and conventional hard coating was experimentally and analytically studied. Results showed an increase of pencil hardness without compromising bendability.
Influence of Ca doping on X‐ray photoelectron core‐level spectra of magnetoelectric bulk BiFeO3
Authors: Balakrishnan Ramachandran , Dixit Ambesh , Rao M. S. Ramachandra , Naik Ratna
Published: June 2021

The X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) core‐level spectra of pristine and doped bulk BiFeO3, namely Bi0.9BaxCayFeO3 with x + y = 0 and 0.1 were recorded on the Ar+‐ion sputtered sample surface at room temperature. Afterward, the obtained XPS spectra of Bi 4f, Fe 2p, O 1 s, Ba 3d and Ca 2p levels were inspected using the symmetric Gaussian‐Lorentzian product function, to study the influence of the spin‐orbit coupling and/or electrostatic interactions on these spectra. Our findings show all elements have a single valence state (except Bi) with the allowed spin‐orbit splitting energy (Δ) for their valence of Bi3+, Fe3+, O2−, Ba2+, and Ca2+. Here, the fraction of Bi atoms was converted into Bi‐metal Bio, due to the Ar+‐ion sputtering process. Interestingly, the Fe3+ 2p3/2 spectra of these samples were fitted well with four Gupta–Sen multiplets, due to the combined electrostatic and spin‐orbit interactions. Particularly, the chemical pressure induced by Ca doping considerably influences the Fe3+ 2p3/2 spectra of BiFeO3, due to the change in the FeO6 octahedra tilting and the change in the position of Fe cations upon Ca doping. So, the edge of the valence band of the Ca‐doped BiFeO3 materials shifted toward the Fermi level by about ~0.7 ± 0.1 eV when compared to BiFeO3.
Normative generics: Against semantic polysemy
Authors: Hesni Samia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Generic sentences are sometimes characterized as normative or descriptive. Descriptive generics make generalized claims about things: dogs bark, birds fly, doughnuts have holes. Normative generics do something more complicated; they seem to communicate how things should be: boys don't cry, children are seen and not heard, friends don't let friends drive drunk. The latter set of sentences express something like the speaker's endorsement that the predicated terms match up with the kind terms. Sarah-Jane Leslie posits a semantic view of normative generics on which the subject term is polysemous between a normative and a descriptive reading. I argue that this cannot be right, and show how a Gricean implicature view can accommodate everyday normative generics in a way that Leslie's polysemous view cannot. An upshot of my argument is skepticism about drawing semantic conclusions from dual character concepts.
Introduction: It’s All Over! Post-digital, Post-internet Art and Education
Authors: Kolb Gila , Tervo Juuso , Tavin Kevin
Published: June 2021

This chapter introduces the concepts of post-digital and post-internet by discussing the practices of the different technologies connected with the internet that are constantly changing, and the individuals, groups, and objects that practice with them. Post-digital and post-internet art and education is explored as a process that intervenes deeply in the world and self-relations, by changing subject configurations, identities, memory practices, social networks, ways and means of communication, as well as critical references to culture. This chapter also investigates art and education as a way of taking the present and future seriously, starting from the radically changed socio-technological conditions and its consequences.
Familienbezogene Bedarfslagen in Pflegesituationen
Authors: Graffmann-Weschke Katharina , Otte Marina , Kempchen Anne
Published: June 2021

Durch das Case Management als Bestandteil der Pflegeberatung nach § 7a SGB XI kann auf familienbezogene Bedarfslagen in besonderer Weise eingegangen werden. Die Betrachtung der individuellen Situationen, Herausforderungen und Bedarfe der einzelnen Familienmitglieder in der Pflegesituation erfolgt dabei über die Bewertung der beteiligten Generationen. Die Beeinflussung des Pflegealltags durch die Lebenssituation, die Ursachen der Pflegebedürftigkeit sowie weitere Faktoren werden dazu ebenso betrachtet wie die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die Mitglieder der pflegenden Familie. Beispielhaft werden sensibilisierende Weiterbildungen für die Pflegeberatung vorgestellt und die Bedeutung von Netzwerken für individuelle Bedarfe in der familialen Pflegesituation veranschaulicht.
Neue Wohnformen für Pflegebedürftige – Mehrwert oder bloß Mehraufwand?
Authors: Kremer-Preiß Ursula , Maetzel Jakob , Huschik Gwendolyn
Published: June 2021

In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich ein breites Spektrum an „neuen“ – vor allem ambulanten – Wohn- und Versorgungsmöglichkeiten für Pflegebedürftige entwickelt. Dieser Ausbau wurde durch Pflege- und Heimgesetzgebung sowie entsprechende Förderangebote gezielt gefördert. Kontrovers wird mittlerweile in der Fachwelt diskutiert, ob diese sogenannten „neuen Wohn- und Versorgungsformen“ nur einen Mehraufwand gegenüber anderen Wohn- und Versorgungskonzepten bedeuten, etwa weil sie mehr Kosten und einen höheren Organisationsaufwand in der Umsetzung bedingen, oder ob sie tatsächlich einen Mehrwert generieren, indem sie den Bewohnerinnen und Bewohnern entsprechend mehr Lebensqualität bieten.

Im Rahmen des vom GKV-Spitzenverband 2012 initiierten Modellprogramms zur Weiterentwicklung neuer Wohnformen nach § 45f SGB XI wurden erstmals umfassend die vielfältigen Erfahrungen, die bei der Umsetzung und Verbreitung solcher neuen Wohn- und Versorgungsmöglichkeiten für Pflegebedürftige gewonnen wurden, wissenschaftlich untersucht. Von Januar 2015 bis März 2018 wurden im Rahmen des Modellprogramms 53 ausgewählte Projekte unterschiedlicher Wohnformen vom GKV-Spitzenverband gefördert bzw. in die Evaluation einbezogen. Die Evaluation wurde vom Kuratorium Deutsche Altershilfe und der Prognos AG durchgeführt. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse hierzu werden in diesem Artikel vorgestellt.
Correction to: Three Notions of the Global
Authors: Rider Sharon
Published: June 2021

The chapter was inadvertently published with one of the references and the citations excluded in the article.
Moment functions and exponential monomials on commutative hypergroups
Authors: Fechner Żywilla , Gselmann Eszter , Székelyhidi László
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to prove that if on a commutative hypergroup an exponential monomial has the property that the linear subspace of all sine functions in its variety is one dimensional, then this exponential monomial is a linear combination of generalized moment functions.
Role of hepcidin in oxidative stress and cell death of cultured mouse renal collecting duct cells: protection against iron and sensitization to cadmium
Authors: Probst Stephanie , Fels Johannes , Scharner Bettina , Wolff Natascha A. , Roussa Eleni , van Swelm Rachel P. L. , Lee Wing-Kee , Thévenod Frank
Published: June 2021

The liver hormone hepcidin regulates systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is also expressed by the kidney, but exclusively in distal nephron segments. Several studies suggest hepcidin protects against kidney damage involving Fe2+ overload. The nephrotoxic non-essential metal ion Cd2+ can displace Fe2+ from cellular biomolecules, causing oxidative stress and cell death. The role of hepcidin in Fe2+ and Cd2+ toxicity was assessed in mouse renal cortical [mCCD(cl.1)] and inner medullary [mIMCD3] collecting duct cell lines. Cells were exposed to equipotent Cd2+ (0.5–5 μmol/l) and/or Fe2+ (50–100 μmol/l) for 4–24 h. Hepcidin (Hamp1) was transiently silenced by RNAi or overexpressed by plasmid transfection. Hepcidin or catalase expression were evaluated by RT-PCR, qPCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence microscopy, and cell fate by MTT, apoptosis and necrosis assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using CellROX™ Green and catalase activity by fluorometry. Hepcidin upregulation protected against Fe2+-induced mIMCD3 cell death by increasing catalase activity and reducing ROS, but exacerbated Cd2+-induced catalase dysfunction, increasing ROS and cell death. Opposite effects were observed with Hamp1 siRNA. Similar to Hamp1 silencing, increased intracellular Fe2+ prevented Cd2+ damage, ROS formation and catalase disruption whereas chelation of intracellular Fe2+ with desferrioxamine augmented Cd2+ damage, corresponding to hepcidin upregulation. Comparable effects were observed in mCCD(cl.1) cells, indicating equivalent functions of renal hepcidin in different collecting duct segments. In conclusion, hepcidin likely binds Fe2+, but not Cd2+. Because Fe2+ and Cd2+ compete for functional binding sites in proteins, hepcidin affects their free metal ion pools and differentially impacts downstream processes and cell fate.
Structure-based virtual screening of CYP1A1 inhibitors: towards rapid tier-one assessment of potential developmental toxicants
Authors: Goh Janice Jia Ni , Behn Julian , Chong Cheng-Shoong , Zhong Guorui , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Fan Hao , Loo Lit-Hsin
Published: June 2021

Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) metabolizes estrogens, melatonin, and other key endogenous signaling molecules critical for embryonic/fetal development. The enzyme has increasing expression during pregnancy, and its inhibition or knockout increases embryonic/fetal lethality and/or developmental problems. Here, we present a virtual screening model for CYP1A1 inhibitors based on the orthosteric and predicted allosteric sites of the enzyme. Using 1001 reference compounds with CYP1A1 activity data, we optimized the decision thresholds of our model and classified the training compounds with 68.3% balanced accuracy (91.0% sensitivity and 45.7% specificity). We applied our final model to 11 known CYP1A1 orthosteric binders and related compounds, and found that our ranking of the known orthosteric binders generally agrees with the relative activity of CYP1A1 in metabolizing these compounds. We also applied the model to 22 new test compounds with unknown/unclear CYP1A1 inhibitory activity, and predicted 16 of them are CYP1A1 inhibitors. The CYP1A1 potency and modes of inhibition of these 22 compounds were experimentally determined. We confirmed that most predicted inhibitors, including drugs contraindicated during pregnancy (amiodarone, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate, ketoconazole, and tamoxifen) and environmental agents suspected to be endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, diethyl and dibutyl phthalates, and zearalenone), are indeed potent inhibitors of CYP1A1. Our results suggest that virtual screening may be used as a rapid tier-one method to screen for potential CYP1A1 inhibitors, and flag them out for further experimental evaluations.
Switching it up: algal insights into sexual transitions
Authors: Coelho Susana M. , Umen James
Published: June 2021

While the process of meiosis is highly conserved across eukaryotes, the sexual systems that govern life cycle phase transitions are surprisingly labile. Switches between sexual systems have profound evolutionary and ecological consequences, in particular for plants, but our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and ultimate causes underlying these transitions is still surprisingly incomplete. We explore here the idea that brown and green algae may be interesting comparative models that can increase our understanding of relevant processes in plant reproductive biology, from evolution of gamete dimorphism, gametogenesis, sex determination and transitions in sex-determining systems.
Residual stresses in deep-drawn cups made of duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4
Authors: Simon Nicola , Erdle Hannes , Walzer Stefan , Gibmeier Jens , Böhlke Thomas , Liewald Mathias
Published: June 2021

Residual stress development in deep drawing processes is investigated based on cylindrical cups made of duplex stainless steel sheet. Using a two-scale approach combining finite element modelling with a mean field homogenization scheme the macro residual stresses as well as the phase-specific micro residual stresses regarding the phases ferrite and austenite are calculated for steel X2CrNiN23‑4 for various drawing depths. The simulation approach allows for the numerical efficient prediction of the macro and phase-specific micro residual stress in every integration point of the entire component. The simulation results are validated by means of X‑ray diffraction residual stress analysis applied to a deep-drawn cup manufactured using corresponding process parameters. The results clearly indicate that the fast simulation approach is well suited for the numerical prediction of residual stresses induced by deep drawing for the two-phase duplex steel; the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Regarding the investigated process, a significant influence of the drawing depth, in particular on the evolution of the residual stress distribution in drawing direction, is observed. Considering the appropriate phase-specific strain hardening, the two-scale approach is also well suited for the prediction of phase specific residual stresses on the component level.
Harmful Leader Behaviors: Toward an Increased Understanding of How Different Forms of Unethical Leader Behavior Can Harm Subordinates
Authors: Almeida Juliana Guedes , Hartog Deanne N. Den , De Hoogh Annebel H. B. , Franco Vithor Rosa , Porto Juliana Barreiros
Published: June 2021

Research on unethical leadership has predominantly focused on interpersonal and high-intensity forms of harmful leader behavior such as abusive supervision. Other forms of harmful leader behavior such as excessively pressuring subordinates or acting in self-centered ways have received less attention, despite being harmful and potentially occurring more frequently. We propose a model of four types of harmful leader behavior (HLB) varying in intensity (high vs low) and orientation (people/relationships or tasks/goals): Intimidation, Lack of Care, Self-Centeredness, and Excessive Pressure for Results. We map out how these relate to other constructs in the unethical leader behavior field in order to integrate the existing work on how leaders can cause harm to followers. Next, in five studies (N = 35, N = 218, N = 352, N = 160, N = 1921 in 196 teams), we develop and test a new survey instrument measuring the four proposed types of perceived HLB. We provide initial validity evidence for this new measure, establish its psychometric properties, and examine its nomological network by linking the four types of HLB to related leadership constructs and soft and hard outcome correlates at the individual and team level. We find that HLB is negatively related to constructive forms of leadership (e.g., ethical and transformational) and positively to unethical ones (e.g., abusive supervision). HLB is also related in the expected direction to job satisfaction, engagement, psychological safety, knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, deviance, and objectively recorded team-level stress-related absenteeism.
The Effect of Cu Content and Surface Finish on the Metal Dusting Resistance of Additively Manufactured NiCu Alloys
Authors: Jahns Katrin , Ulrich Anke S. , Schlereth Clara , Reiff Lukas , Krupp Ulrich , Galetz Mathias C.
Published: June 2021

Due to the inhibiting behavior of Cu, NiCu alloys represent an interesting candidate in carburizing atmospheres. However, manufacturing by conventional casting is limited. It is important to know whether the corrosion behavior of conventionally and additively manufactured parts differ. Samples of binary NiCu alloys and Monel Alloy 400 were generated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and exposed to a carburizing atmosphere (20 vol% CO–20% H2–1% H2O–8% CO2–51% Ar) at 620 °C and 18 bar for 960 h. Powders and printed samples were investigated using several analytic techniques such as EPMA, SEM, and roughness measurement. Grinding of the material after building (P1200 grit surface finish) generally reduced the metal dusting attack. Comparing the different compositions, a much lower attack was found in the case of the binary model alloys, whereas the technical Monel Alloy 400 showed a four orders of magnitude higher mass loss during exposure despite its Cu content of more than 30 wt%.