bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of personality variation, plasticity and social facilitation in cockroach aggregation
Authors: Planas-Sitjà Isaac , Deneubourg Jean-Louis
Published: December 2018

Personality variation has been proven to affect ecology, evolution and group behaviour in many ways. Nevertheless, how social context influences behavioural strategies and individual personality variation has rarely been addressed. This study sheds light on the relationship between social interactions, personality variation and plasticity in a collective context. For this purpose, we used a binary setup (i.e. an arena with two identical shelters) to study the aggregation process of cockroaches. We tested the same individuals in isolated and social (groups of 16 individuals) conditions. We show that even if social interactions reduce the observation of personality variation, the behaviour in a group is correlated to individual preferences displayed in isolation. Furthermore, our results suggest that individuals show different levels of plasticity according to their shelter occupancy; individuals with high occupancy rates show low levels of plasticity and are less affected by social amplification in social conditions.
Roles of Keber's valve and foot chamber for foot manipulation in the clamNodularia douglasiae
Authors: Seo Eriko , Seo Yoshiteru
Published: December 2018

In order to analyse the roles of Keber's valve for foot manipulation in the clam Nodularia douglasiae, the anatomy and hemolymph flow in the cardiovascular system were detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The superficial layer of the foot was covered by a dense muscle layer, which extended to the dorsal side and connected with the shell. This closed space, the foot chamber, had an inlet (anterior aorta) and an outlet (Keber's valve). At rest, in the beginning of the systolic phase, flows in the anterior aorta and the pedal artery increased, followed by the pedal and visceral sinuses. Then, these flows ceased at the end of the systolic phase, followed by inflow to the ventricle in the diastolic phase. Therefore, the compliance of the foot chamber is low enough to transfer pressure pulses to the visceral sinus. Extension of the foot started with relaxation of the foot muscle, so the compliance of the foot chamber increased. Then, Keber's valve closed, so that the hemolymph filled the foot haemocoel. Retraction of foot is initiated by the opening of Keber's valve. Judging from these results, Keber's valve and the foot chamber are essential for circulation at rest, foot extension and retraction.
Planar cell polarity: two genetic systems use one mechanism to read gradients
Authors: Lawrence Peter A. , Casal José
Published: December 2018

Our aim in this short Primer is to explain the principles of planar cell polarity (PCP) in animal development. The literature in this small field is complex and specialized, but we have extracted a simple and central story from it. We explain our hypothesis that polarity, initially cued by the direction of slope of a multicellular gradient, is interpreted at the cellular level so that each cell becomes molecularly polarised. The mechanism involves a comparison between a cell and its neighbours. To achieve this comparison there are (at least) two disparate and independent molecular systems, each depending on molecular bridges that span between neighbouring cells. Even though the two systems are made up of different molecules, we argue that both systems function in a logically equivalent way.
Global dynamics of bipedal macaques during grounded and aerial running
Authors: Blickhan Reinhard , Andrada Emanuel , Hirasaki Eishi , Ogihara Naomichi
Published: December 2018

Macaques trained to perform bipedally use grounded running, skipping and aerial running, but avoid walking. The preference for grounded running across a wide range of speeds is substantially different from the locomotion habits observed in humans, which may be the result of differences in leg compliance. In the present study, based on kinematic and dynamic observations of three individuals crossing an experimental track, we investigated global leg properties such as leg stiffness and viscous damping during grounded and aerial running. We found that, in macaques, similar to human and bird bipedal locomotion, the vector of the ground reaction force is directed from the center of pressure (COP) to a virtual pivot point above the center of mass (COM). The visco-elastic leg properties differ for the virtual leg (COM-COP) and the effective leg (hip-COP) because of the position of the anatomical hip with respect to the COM. The effective leg shows damping in the axial direction and positive work in the tangential component. Damping does not prevent the exploration of oscillatory modes. Grounded running is preferred to walking because of leg compliance. The transition from grounded to aerial running is not accompanied by a discontinuous change. With respect to dynamic properties, macaques seem to be well placed between bipedal specialists (humans and birds). We speculate that the losses induced in the effective leg by hip placement and slightly pronograde posture may not pay off by facilitating stabilization, making bipedal locomotion expensive and insecure for macaques.
Do arthropods feel anxious during molts?
Authors: Bacqué-Cazenave Julien , Berthomieu Marion , Cattaert Daniel , Fossat Pascal , Delbecque Jean Paul
Published: December 2018

The molting process of arthropods, chiefly controlled by ecdysteroids, is generally considered very stressful. Our previous investigations have shown that crayfish, after having experienced stressing situations, display anxiety-like behavior (ALB), characterized by aversion to light in a dark/light plus-maze (DLPM). In the present experiments, the spontaneous exploratory behavior of isolated crayfish was analyzed in a DLPM at different stages of their molt cycle. All tested animals displayed transitory aversion to light similar to ALB, before and, mostly, after molting, but not during intermolt. Injection of ecdysteroids into intermolt animals elicited ALB after a delay of 4 days, suggesting a long-term, possibly indirect, hormonal effect. Importantly, ecdysteroid-induced ALB was suppressed by the injection of an anxiolytic benzodiazepine. Thus, molts and their hormonal control impose internal stress on crayfish, leading to aversion behavior that has the main characteristics of anxiety. These observations are possibly generalizable to many other arthropods.
Orienting to polarized light at night—matching lunar skylight to performance in a nocturnal beetle
Authors: Foster James J. , Kirwan John D. , el Jundi Basil , Smolka Jochen , Khaldy Lana , Baird Emily , Byrne Marcus J. , Nilsson Dan-Eric , Johnsen Sönke , Dacke Marie
Published: December 2018

For polarized light to inform behaviour, the typical range of degrees of polarization observable in the animal's natural environment must be above the threshold for detection and interpretation. Here we present the first investigation of the degree of linear polarization threshold for orientation behaviour in a nocturnal species, with specific reference to the range of degrees of polarization measured in the night sky. An effect of lunar phase on the degree of polarization of skylight was found, with smaller illuminated fractions of the moon's surface corresponding to lower degrees of polarization in the night sky. We found that South African dung beetle Escarabaeus satyrus (Boheman, 1860) can orient to polarized light for a range of degrees of polarization similar to that observed in diurnal insects, reaching a lower threshold between 0.04 and 0.32, possibly as low as 0.11. For degrees of polarization lower than 0.23, as measured on a crescent moon night, orientation performance was considerably weaker than that observed for completely linearly-polarized stimuli, but was nonetheless stronger than in the absence of polarized light.
Social stress increases plasma cortisol and reduces forebrain cell proliferation in subordinate male zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Tea Jonathan , Alderman Sarah L. , Gilmour Kathleen M.
Published: December 2018

Many animals, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), form social hierarchies through competition for limited resources. Socially subordinate fish may experience chronic stress, leading to prolonged elevation of the glucocorticoid stress hormone cortisol. Since elevated cortisol levels can impair neurogenesis, the present study tested the hypothesis that social stress suppresses cell proliferation in the telencephalon of subordinate zebrafish via a cortisol-mediated mechanism. Cell proliferation was assessed using incorporation of the thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). After 48 and 96 h of social interaction, subordinate male zebrafish exhibited elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and significantly lower numbers of BrdU+ cells in the dorsal but not ventral regions of the telencephalon compared to dominant or group-housed control male fish. After a two-week recovery in a familiar group of conspecifics, the number of BrdU+ cells that co-labeled with a neuronal marker (NeuN) was modestly reduced in previously subordinate male fish, suggesting that the reduction of cell proliferation during social stress may result in fewer cells recruited into the neuronal population. In contrast to male social hierarchies, subordinate female zebrafish did not experience elevated plasma cortisol, and the numbers of BrdU+ cells in the dorsal telencephalon were comparable among dominant, subordinate, and group-housed control female fish. Treating male zebrafish with metyrapone, a cortisol synthesis inhibitor, blocked the cortisol response to social subordination and attenuated the suppression of brain cell proliferation in the dorsal telencephalon of subordinate fish. Collectively, these data support a role for cortisol in regulating adult neurogenesis in the telencephalon of male zebrafish during social stress.
Autoconhecimento: o passo para a realização
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Dos Santos Aline Lilian
Published: December 2018

Poucos conseguem captar as mudanças do mercado de trabalho como Sofia Esteves. Filha de comerciantes, viver o mundo empreendedor está em seu DNA, como ela mesma define. Visionária e disruptiva, com apenas 26 anos, fundou a Cia de Talentos (hoje Grupo Cia de Talentos), uma das principais consultorias de recursos humanos, educação para a carreira e seleção de candidatos do Brasil. Só em 2018, foram geradas cerca de 5000 vagas, por meio da realização de 92 programas de jovens, entre estágios, trainees e ações de atração de talentos. Além disso, a empresa é conhecida por seus estudos e levantamentos na área, como a pesquisa Carreira dos sonhos, e ferramentas inovadoras, como a Bettha (junção de Better Than), plataforma gratuita que auxilia os profissionais em seu conhecimento pessoal e desenvolvimento socioemocional para se prepararem melhor para o mercado de trabalho. Nesta entrevista à GV-executivo, Sofia destaca que, em pesquisa da Cia de Talentos, 45% dos líderes do topo das organizações afirmaram que sabem exatamente o que fazer para lidar com as mudanças no mercado. Para ela, esse dado é assustador, pois ninguém está preparado para o que virá pela frente. A resposta desses gestores, a seu ver, indica que “ou não estão enxergando um palmo à frente, ou estão negando, por medo”. Por fim, a empresária enfatiza a importância do autoconhecimento para o sucesso na carreira profissional: “Em um mundo que muda rapidamente, os profissionais precisam, antes de tudo, olhar para dentro de si próprios, pois o conhecimento técnico fica obsoleto em poucos anos, mas os aspectos socioemocionais são perenes”.
Websites ainda mais personalizados
Authors: Liberali Guilherme
Published: December 2018

Com a ajuda de algoritmos, nova tecnologia permite identificar diferentes perfis de consumidor e oferecer um estilo de comunicação específico para cada um deles. Tudo em tempo real.
O mercado da economia circular
Authors: Berardi Patricia , Dias Joana Maia
Published: December 2018

Como os negócios estão sendo afetados pelo modelo que substitui o linear e como serão ainda mais a médio e longo prazos.
Somos burocráticos e evolucionários
Authors: Holz Edvalter , Lins João , Avanci Diego
Published: December 2018

A estrutura organizacional predominante no brasil ainda traz muitas características tradicionais, como especialização do trabalho, centralização da tomada de decisão nos cargos mais altos e padronização de rotinas. Mesmo sendo necessária, a transição para novos modelos não é disruptiva.
Consumir para ganhar amigos
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: December 2018

Quando nos sentimos isolados, somos mais propensos a gastar, mesmo com algo não desejado, para nos aproximarmos de alguém.
Diversidade em cadeias de suprimentos
Authors: Biazzin Cristiane , Miguel Priscila
Published: December 2018

Ao criar e fortalecer relações com fornecedores mais diversos, as empresas desenvolvem competências únicas e específicas que podem diferenciá-las de seus concorrentes.
NovoGraph: Human genome graph construction from multiple long-read de novo assemblies
Authors: Biederstedt Evan , Oliver Jeffrey C. , Hansen Nancy F. , Jajoo Aarti , Dunn Nathan , Olson Andrew , Busby Ben , Dilthey Alexander T.
Published: December 2018

Genome graphs are emerging as an important novel approach to the analysis of high-throughput human sequencing data. By explicitly representing genetic variants and alternative haplotypes in a mappable data structure, they can enable the improved analysis of structurally variable and hyperpolymorphic regions of the genome. In most existing approaches, graphs are constructed from variant call sets derived from short-read sequencing. As long-read sequencing becomes more cost-effective and enables de novo assembly for increasing numbers of whole genomes, a method for the direct construction of a genome graph from sets of assembled human genomes would be desirable. Such assembly-based genome graphs would encompass the wide spectrum of genetic variation accessible to long-read-based de novo assembly, including large structural variants and divergent haplotypes.

Here we present NovoGraph, a method for the construction of a human genome graph directly from a set of de novo assemblies. NovoGraph constructs a genome-wide multiple sequence alignment of all input contigs and creates a graph by merging the input sequences at positions that are both homologous and sequence-identical. NovoGraph outputs resulting graphs in VCF format that can be loaded into third-party genome graph toolkits. To demonstrate NovoGraph, we construct a genome graph with 23,478,835 variant sites and 30,582,795 variant alleles from de novo assemblies of seven ethnically diverse human genomes (AK1, CHM1, CHM13, HG003, HG004, HX1, NA19240). Initial evaluations show that mapping against the constructed graph reduces the average mismatch rate of reads from sample NA12878 by approximately 0.2%, albeit at a slightly increased rate of reads that remain unmapped.
Considerations related to vaping as a possible gateway into cigarette smoking: an analytical review
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Coombs Katharine J. , Afolalu Esther F.
Published: December 2018

Background: Toxicant levels are much lower in e-cigarettes than cigarettes. Therefore, introducing e-cigarettes into the market seems likely to reduce smoking-related diseases (SRD). However, vaping might provide a gateway into cigarette smoking for those who otherwise would never have smoked, a concern fueled by cohort studies showing vaping predicts subsequent smoking initiation in young people.

Methods: In this discussion paper, we consider various aspects of the gateway issue in youths. We provide a descriptive critical review of results from prospective studies relating to the gateway effect and the extent to which the studies considered other potential confounding variables associated with smoking initiation.  We then estimate the effects of omitting a confounding variable, or misclassifying it, on the association between vaping and subsequent smoking initiation, and determine how the prevalence of smoking might be affected by any true gateway-in effects of vaping. Finally, we examine trends in e-cigarette and smoking prevalence in youths based on national surveys.

Results:  First, we demonstrate that although studies report that vaping significantly predicts smoking initiation following adjustment for various other predictors, the sets of predictors considered are quite incomplete. Furthermore, no study considered residual confounding arising from inaccurate measurement of predictors. More precise adjustment may substantially reduce the association. Second, we show any true gateway effect would likely affect smoking prevalence only modestly. Third, we show smoking prevalence in U.S. and U.K. youths in 2014–2016 declined somewhat faster than predicted by the preceding trend; a substantial gateway effect suggests the opposite. Finally, we argue that even if some gateway effect exists, introducing e-cigarettes still likely reduces SRDs.

Conclusions: We have shown that the existence of any true gateway-in effect in youth is not yet clearly demonstrated and that the population health impact of introducing e-cigarettes is still likely to be beneficial.
Handbook of the author of the medical dissertation
Authors: Наркевич Артем , Narkevich Artem , Виноградов Константин , Vinogradov Konstantin
Published: December 2018

The manual contains theoretical information that is necessary for research in the field of medicine. Such stages of research as planning, sampling, formulation of statistical tasks, statistical processing of the collected data and interpretation of the results are presented. Almost all the methods described in the monograph are provided with examples of their implementation in specialized statistical programs and calculators, as well as elements of manual calculation of various statistical indicators. The monograph is illustrated with 29 tables and 350 figures for visual presentation of the information.
Venepuncture in adults
Authors: Skarparis Katy , Ford Claire
Published: December 2018

Katy Skarparis, Lecturer, Adult Nursing, Northumbria University ( katy.skarparis@northumbria.ac.uk ) and Claire Ford, Lecturer, Adult Nursing, Northumbria University describe how to select a suitable site and take a blood sample using vacuum collection tubes
Using the HALT model in an exploratory quality improvement initiative to reduce medication errors
Authors: Ragau Sharon , Hitchcock Rebecca , Craft Judy , Christensen Martin
Published: December 2018

Medication errors can have deleterious effects on patient safety and care. Interruptions, patient acuity and time pressures have all been cited as contributing factors in the incidence of medication errors. Yet, despite the number of different strategies that can be taken to reduce the incidence of medication errors, they still occur. The strategies often focus on refining systems and processes, depending on the root cause of the error. However, less recognised as contributory elements are human factors such as anger, hunger or tiredness. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to reduce medication errors by 25% on a medical ward, through the introduction of the hunger, angry, lonely, tired (HALT) model to address the human factors associated with medication errors. Post-implementation, the HALT model appeared to have resulted in a total reduction in medication errors over a 2-month period by 31%. Mistakes related to human error were reduced by 25%, and those linked to communication and documentation errors by 22%. While this was a small-scale study, this is a significant reduction in medication errors. However, caution should be used when addressing other contributing factors associated with medication errors as using HALT alone will not address these.
New staff, new conundrums
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: December 2018

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, highlights the benefits of undertaking a quality impact assessment before introducing any major workforce changes, but warns of some potential pitfalls
Skin manifestations of internal disease
Authors: Peters Jill
Published: December 2018

It has been reported that 24% of the UK's population has a skin condition that requires medical intervention in primary care ( Schofield et al, 2011 ). Disorders of every organ system can cause skin symptoms; therefore, is essential to take a detailed history and to investigate further if there is no response to first-line treatment. Persistent pruritus and cutaneous vasculitis are common presentations where an underlying systemic disease may be present. Certain chronic diseases show specific cutaneous findings if poorly controlled and malignancies may present firstly with a distinctive cutaneous finding requiring a search for the underlying neoplasm.
Eğitim Çantası: Web 2.0 araçlarını kategori bazlı sunan sosyal bir web sitesinin geliştirilmesi
Authors: ORHAN GÖKSÜN Derya , FİLİZ Ozan , KURT Adile Aşkım
Published: December 2018

Bilgi
çağı olarak adlandırılan içinde bulunduğumuz dönemde toplum yapısı değişmiş ve
değişen bu yapıyla birlikte bireylerin sahip olmaları gereken nitelikler de
değişmeye başlamıştır. Gelişen teknolojilerin başında ise Web 2.0 araçları
gelmektedir. Teknolojinin akıllı telefonlar, tablet bilgisayarlar, etkileşimli
tahtalar aracılığıyla kullanılması Web 2.0 araçlarının önemini arttırmaktadır.
Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, 21. yy öğrenen özellikleri ve hızlı gelişen
teknolojiler çerçevesinde, değişen öğrenme ortamlarına öğretmen adaylarının
uyum sağlamalarını kolaylaştırmak için Web 2.0 araçlarını kategori bazlı sunan
sosyal bir web sitesinin hazırlanması ve tüm paydaşlar (araştırmacılar,
yazılımcılar ve içerik geliştirici öğretmen adayları) ile birlikte sitenin
kullanılabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma süresi içerisinde tanıtımı
gerçekleştirilebilen Web 2.0 araçlarını toplayarak kategori bazlı sunan, Web
2.0 araçlarının bir bütün olarak tanıtımının ve nasıl kullanıldığının
anlatıldığı ilk Türkçe web sayfası olan, eğitimle ilgilenen tüm paydaşların
deneyimlerini aktarabileceği ve farklı eğitimciler ile işbirliğine dayalı
çalışabileceği sosyal bir web sayfası geliştirilmiştir. Web sayfasının
kullanılabilirliği tüm paydaşların görüşleri ve “Web Sitesi Kullanılabilirlik
Ölçeği” ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda orta düzeyin üzerinde bir
kullanılabilirlik puanına sahip olduğu ortaya çıkarılan ve çeşitli yollarla
tanıtımının sağlanması ile olumlu geri bildirimler alan web sayfası http://egitimcantasi.com/
adresinde yayındadır. Sayfa aktif olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir.
Vanderbilt Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Öğretmen Değerlendirme Ölçeği (V-DEHB-ÖDÖ) Türkçe Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: ARDIÇ Avşar , KÜÇÜK DOĞAROĞLU Tuba
Published: December 2018

Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite
Bozukluğu (DEHB) çocukluk döneminde sıklıkla karşılaşılan gelişimsel
bozukluklardan biridir (APA, 2013). Bu araştırmanın amacı, Vanderbilt Dikkat
Eksikliği ve Hiperkativite Bozukluğu Öğretmen Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin (V-DEHB-ÖDÖ)
Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda İzmir ilinde Milli Eğitim
Bakanlığına bağlı okullarda DEHB tanısı almış 101 öğrencinin öğretmeninden veri
toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler ile V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik
analizleri yapılmıştır. V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nin açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları
incelendiğinde ölçeğin orijinal faktör yapısını koruduğu görülmüştür.
V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nin ölçüt bağımlı geçerlik analizi Conners Öğretmen Dereceleme
Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş Kısa Formu (CÖDÖ-YK) ile toplam puan üzerinden
gerçekleştirilmiştir ve V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nin ölçüt bağımlı geçerliğe sahip olduğu
görülmüştür. Güvenirlik analizi sonuçları incelendiğinde ise V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nün iç
tutarlılık açısından güvenilir olduğu bulunmuştur. Analiz sonuçları
değerlendirildiğinde, V-DEHB-ÖDÖ’nün DEHB’yi değerlendirmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş
olan Dikkatsizlik, Hiperaktivite/Dürtüsellik ve Karşıt Olma/Davranım Bozukluğu
alt ölçeklerinin psikometrik özelliklerinin DEHB’yi taramak amacıyla
öğretmenler tarafından kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
Modelo de Liderança Autêntica: concepção teórica e evidências de validade do Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) para o Brasil
Authors: Cervo Clarissa Socal , Natividade Jean Carlos , Mendes Mónico Lisete Dos Santos , Pais Leonor , Dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Hutz Claudio Simon
Published: December 2018

O modelo de Liderança Autêntica destaca-se entre as teorias positivas de liderança. O instrumento mais utilizado para aferir a autenticidade do líder é o Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ). No Brasil, esta medida encontra-se validada, contudo, é ainda necessário reforçar as suas evidências de validade para este país. O objetivo desta investigação é apresentar evidências adicionais de validade do ALQ para o contexto brasileiro de trabalho. Participaram no estudo profissionais líderes (N = 437) e liderados (N = 1329), de organizações da região sul do país. O ALQ foi aplicado nas versões de auto e heteroavaliação. Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias indicam a presença dos quatro fatores do modelo de Liderança Autêntica, e há confiabilidade e validade do ALQ para as amostras brasileiras estudadas. A natureza privada das organizações impacta na percepção de autenticidade na liderança, contudo os resultados não confirmam a importância das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade e renda pessoal) e da dimensão da organização. Discutem-se as limitações do estudo e apresentam-se sugestões para futuras investigações.
Avaliação de adolescentes sobre a importância de valores para a sociedade: relações com classe econômica e escolaridade dos pais
Authors: Wachelke João
Published: December 2018

O estudo compara as percepções de adolescentes brasileiros que ocupam diferentes posições sociais (combinações de renda e escolaridade dos pais) a respeito das metas que eles priorizam para uma sociedade idealizada. É utilizado o marco teórico dos valores societais, conhecimentos estruturados sobre ideologias originados das lutas dos grupos pelo poder. Entende-se que as principais influências para os valores dos adolescentes são experiências vividas junto à família, amigos e professores. Os participantes foram 736 estudantes secundaristas da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, que responderam uma versão adaptada do Questionário de Valores Psicossociais (QVP24) e informações sobre renda e escolaridade de seus pais. As respostas ligadas aos valores foram codificadas em categorias de importância, e tratadas a partir de estatística descritiva e análise das correspondências. Os resultados indicam maiores proporções de alta importância para os valores pós-materialistas. Os principais contrastes envolveram valores religiosos, associados a posições sociais inferiores e valores hedonistas, ligados a estudantes de posições privilegiadas, como se isso fosse pré-condição para vivenciá-los. A interpretação dos padrões de resultados articula referências sociais compartilhadas e a busca por justificação da posição do próprio grupo na projeção de uma sociedade ideal, configurando algumas arenas de disputa.
Ser ou não ser praxado? A teoria da ação planeada como modelo para compreender a participação dos caloiros na praxe académica
Authors: Correia Isabel , Alves Diogo , Jarego Margarida , Lopes Katherine , Rodrigues Diana , Abrantes Lídia , Boloca Ania , Carvalho Bruno , Diogo Marta , Grosso Catarina , Massa Marília Ferreira , Mateus Rita , Pereira Rafaela Fonseca , Pina Sara , Pinheiro Guilherme Galhardo , Pinto Regina , Rilho Alexandre , Timóteo Maria Beatriz
Published: December 2018

Com este estudo pretendemos investigar quais são os preditores da intenção de participação dos caloiros na praxe académica. Para tal, recorremos à teoria da ação planeada (Ajzen, 1991) que permite analisar o peso relativo das atitudes, da norma subjetiva, e do controlo comportamental percebido nas intenções de ser praxado. Os participantes, estudantes universitários (N = 353) a frequentar o 1º ano de uma Licenciatura, preencheram um questionário. Os resultados confirmaram o valor preditivo da teoria, tendo sido a atitude e o controlo comportamental percebido preditores significativos da intenção dos caloiros em serem praxados. A norma subjetiva não se mostrou um preditor significativo. As implicações teóricas e sociais destes resultados são discutidas.
Young and healthy but reluctant to donate blood: An empirical study on attitudes and motivations of university students
Authors: Henriques Tiago , Quintal Carlota
Published: December 2018

Worldwide, demand for blood and blood products has increased and it is important to work on donor recruitment strategies; and because in developed countries the young have been more reluctant to donate, it is particularly pertinent to assess their motivations. The aim of this study is to assess attitudes, knowledge and motivations regarding blood donation and to identify factors associated with donation among young donors, using a sample of universitystudents. We use a cross‑sectional survey, collected in the city of Coimbra, Portugal, using a self‑administered questionnaire, and adopted descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses. We found that prevalence of donation is 16.5%. Donation is more likely among students engaged with the community, through volunteering activities, political participation or religion. Altruistic feelings positively affect donation. The odds of donation are 76% lower among students who expressed fear of needles. A traditional barrier, lack of time, is not statistically significant in our study. In the literature, altruistic feelings tend to be associated with older individuals, nonetheless, our results suggest that they play a relevant role even among students. Primary care services might be used to tackle the fear of needles and of the sight of blood at early ages. Time availability of students should be used to the advantage of authorities by promoting convenient collections at, for example, universities as already happens is some cases.
Lugares de memoria traumática y turismo: paradigmas analíticos y problemáticas
Authors: González Vázquez David , Mundet i Cerdan Lluís
Published: December 2018

Desde el último tercio del siglo XX, los sitios relacionados con memorias dolorosas o traumáticas han desarrollado estrategias de turistización que los han convertido, en más de un caso, en atractivos turísticos de primer nivel. El presente artículo desarrolla un estudio teórico que examina y presenta los principales paradigmas analíticos desarrollados a nivel académico para el estudio del turismo en los lugares de memoria traumática. Tales son el turismo de memoria, el Dark Tourism y el Thanatourism, cuya destacada relevancia académica y relativa presencia mediática los hace prevalecer sobre otras aproximaciones de tipo teórico y analítico. Se presentarán también algunas de las diferentes problemáticas surgidas de los procesos de turistización de las memorias traumáticas, utilizando como caso de estudio la memoria del Holocausto y su espacio de referencia, el Memorial de Auschwitz-Birkenau. El artículo concluye con la necesidad de continuar reflexionando sobre los debates planteados, ya que presentan una complejidad que les augura un largo recorrido y que a buen seguro continuará dotando a la academia de aportaciones que sigan definiendo el papel de los diferentes paradigmas.
La tolerancia del turismo y la transformación de una fiesta tradicional: actitudes de la población local
Authors: Mendoza Ontiveros Martha Marivel , Alejo Pacheco Marcelino , Rivera Pérez Roberto
Published: December 2018

La investigación de los impactos positivos o negativos de la actividad turística ha transitado por diferentes etapas, sin embargo, hasta el presente las investigaciones sólo se han limitado a mencionar los impactos y sus características cuantitativas sin lograr una comprensión profunda sobre su génesis y evolución. En el presente documento se expone cómo el uso de la etnografía, como método, puede posibilitar el entender y explicar las actitudes y comportamiento de la población residente de una comunidad del Estado de México con respecto a una celebración que ha logrado atraer la atención de un número significativo de jóvenes. El método ha permitido explicar cómo un fenómeno cuyo impacto podría calificarse como negativo para la población, se percibe, en los hechos, como positivo, ya que no altera o modifica los valores tradicionales de la población receptora.
Tendências do consumidor em turismo: a oferta no Paraná (Brasil) para demandantes de experiências
Authors: Santos Marina Lima , Alencar Débora Gonçalves , Andrade e Souza Adriely , Gândara José Manoel Gonçalves
Published: December 2018

O turismo, como atividade econômica, está em constante busca de aperfeiçoar a forma como seus produtos e serviços são produzidos e entregues ao consumidor, este por sua vez encontra - se a cada dia mais envolvido em adquirir experiências em suas viagens. Surge desta forma, o direcionamento do marketing sob as premissas da economia da experiência. Visto isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar os atrativos que compõem a dimensão de evasão de Pine e Gilmore (1999) no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Para tanto, é realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, com o aporte teórico-metodológico do Plano Paraná Turístico 2026 - pacto para um destino inteligente – seguido de um levantamento de dados quantitativos e qualitativos do potencial do turismo no estado do Paraná. Conclui - se que a conformação de produtos experienciais está consolidada com aporte da segmentação da demanda, interligada com perfis de consumidores e com apoio dos conceitos da economia da experiência.
La sostenibilidad de la náutica de recreo. Estudio de caso del fondeo de las embarcaciones en Jávea (Alicante)
Authors: Cerchiello Gaetano
Published: December 2018

El fondeo de las embarcaciones de recreo es una de las múltiples presiones que afectan a los ecosistemas marinos del litoral mediterráneo. Este trabajo analiza, por una parte, los impactos económicos y sociales de la náutica de recreo. Por la otra incide en su sostenibilidad ambiental, centrándose en los perjuicios que provoca la acción del anclaje en las praderas marinas. Para ello se estudia el caso específico del litoral de Jávea, donde el tráfico de las embarcaciones de recreo ha alcanzado un elevado grado de saturación en los últimos años. Se examinan las medidas que se han tomado en el municipio alicantino, en el contexto de las experiencias que se están llevando a cabo en otros destinos del Mediterráneo Occidental. La investigación finaliza con una serie de recomendaciones de ámbito local. Se considera que dichas acciones ayudarían a reducir los daños ambientales de esta creciente práctica turística.
Epidemiology and economic loss of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Arak, Iran
Authors: Arbabi Mohsen , Nezami Elnaz , Hooshyar Hossein , Delavari Mahdi
Published: December 2018

Aim: Fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis are important parasitic diseases worldwide, causing significant financial losses due to decrease in production and viscera condemnation in animals. We performed the current research to assess the epidemiology of these infections and determine their significance from an economic perspective in Arak, Iran.

Materials and Methods: In total, we evaluated 118,463 sheep, 207,652 goats, and 43,675 cattle through necropsic analysis at the slaughterhouses. The average weight of sheep, goat, and cattle liver was 1000, 900, and 5000 g, respectively. The average price of liver in the market was 8 USD/kg. Moreover, the elimination of fundamental nutrients and vitamins was evaluated in infected livers. The prevalence of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was determined. Analysis of variance test was applied for the statistical analysis, and the significance level was <0.05.

Results: In total, Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were detected in 0.56% (confidence interval CI, 0.54-0.59) and 0.77% (CI, 0.75-0.81) of the animals, respectively (p=0.1). The annual economic loss attributed to fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was 26698.4 and 30479.2 USD, respectively. The total economic loss was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars in sheep, cattle, and goats, respectively. On the other hand, financial loss resulting from fasciolosis was 7160, 6098.4, and 13,440 dollars in sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. In addition, economic loss due to dicroceliasis was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars, respectively.

Conclusion: Overall, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Iran always remain common in sheep, goats, and cattle that afford major economic loss of all the country also exist in Arak province. The present study could provide basic information for further examination of liver fluke infections in Iran.
Crisis de refugio olvidadas. Una mirada desde República Centroafricana
Authors: Corral Teodora
Published: December 2018

El presente texto es la comunicación de Teodora Corral en el curso de verano ¿Crisis de refugiados o crisis de la política migratoria europea?, organizado en junio de 2017 por la Cátedra Refugiados y Migrantes Forzosos del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones (IUEM) de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas, el Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes (SJM) y la Fundación Entreculturas, en la Universidad Menéndez Pelayo. Se trata de un texto de relevancia para este número de Comillas Journal of International Relations en tanto que ofrece una reflexión crítica, fundamentada en un conocimiento en primera persona, del conflicto que atraviesa la República Centroafricana desde 2013 y sobre su dimensión histórica e internacional.
La nueva narrativa del terrorismo internacional en África: respuestas y resultados
Authors: Navarro Milián Iván
Published: December 2018

Bajo el paradigma de las “nuevas guerras”, los conflictos armados contemporáneos en el continente africano fueron despojados de los fines políticos e ideológicos, para explicar las motivaciones de los actores beligerantes principalmente en base a la avaricia económica y a las rivalidades identitarias. Tras los atentados del 11-S ha ido cogiendo forma una narrativa que de forma específica ha puesto en el centro el fenómeno de la violencia extremista y el terrorismo internacional en el continente africano. Este diagnóstico ha generado el despliegue en diversos puntos del continente de diferentes estrategias antiterroristas, tanto de carácter regional como internacional. En el presente artículo dibujaremos un mapa de la considerada violencia extremista presente actualmente en algunas regiones del continente, así como de las estrategias antiterroristas desplegadas, para analizar sus resultados, validar o no el diagnóstico de esta narrativa y confrontarlo con otras miradas.
La seguridad sanitaria global a debate. Lecciones críticas aprendidas de la 24.º EVE
Authors: Flor José Luis de la
Published: December 2018

Este artículo propone una reflexión crítica de la respuesta política internacional dada a la 24.º epidemia vírica de ébola que se extendió por los Estados de Guinea Conakry, Sierra Leona y Liberia (2014-2016). Para ello ordenamos el artículo en tres apartados. En el primero, localizamos la respuesta internacional a esta epidemia como un paso más de la historia de la medicalización de las relaciones internacionales. En el segundo, usamos los estudios críticos de seguridad sanitaria para cuestionar cómo las políticas de seguridad sanitaria que se desplegaron internacionalmente durante la epidemia defendieron los intereses de los Estados occidentales por encima de las necesidades de las sociedades africanas. En el tercero, acudimos a una visión multidisciplinar para reforzar las críticas anteriores y abrir vías de reflexión para superar el sesgo eurocéntrico del concepto de seguridad sanitaria global.
La guerra digital por la información en África: capitalismo internacional de la mano de Google, Facebook, IBM y Microsoft
Authors: Ruiz-Cabrera Sebastián
Published: December 2018

El clima de privatización y liberalización de los años ochenta y noventa en África allanó el camino para que algunos de los más importantes conglomerados de medios africanos sembraran las primeras semillas del plan corporativo transnacional. Al mismo tiempo, el tsunami liberalizador de esta época favoreció al actual panorama en el que las multinacionales se mueven sin marcos reguladores en el continente. Este es el caso de los gigantes de las telecomunicaciones quienes se encuentran instalados desde hace años en África previendo ese aforismo exponencial y cacareado desde los sectores liberales: “África crece. Y el futuro está allí”. Un crecimiento, no obstante, sin desarrollo. La narrativa dominante de empresas como Microsoft, IBM, Google o Facebook es que pretenden conectar a millones de personas, sin embargo, con el presente artículo trataremos de trazar otras vinculaciones, especialmente tras los escándalos de Facebook y Cambridge Analytica en procesos electorales, que nos ayudarán a entender esta dinámica que se insertaría en una guerra por el control de la información internacional y global. Un “conflicto bélico” que por uno de sus principales escenarios y laboratorios tiene al continente africano.
Focus 3 - décembre 2012
Authors: Bréchet Thierry
Published: December 2018

L'Agence Internationale de l'Energie (AIE) vient de publier son rapport annuel. Celui-ci présente ses perspectives du système énergétique mondial à l'horizon 2035 (il est disponible en français sur le site de l'Agence : http://www.iea.org/publications/worldenergyoutlook). Le but de ces projections n'est pas de prévoir ce que sera le futur mais d'explorer ce qu'il pourrait être (sous différents scénarios), d'identifier les défis à venir et d'ainsi pousser les décideurs (publics et privés) à réagir à ces signaux afin d'éviter les problèmes annoncés.
Focus 5 - février 2013
Authors: Belleflamme Paul
Published: December 2018

Dans un focus du 19 décembre 2012, j'examinais les effets potentiels de la nouvelle loi Télécom sur la concurrence dans le secteur et sur les prix pour les consommateurs. En développant la notion de «coûts de changement», j'expliquais qu'il faut s'attendre à des effets contrastés pour la nouvelle loi Télécom. En effet, en facilitant le changement d'opérateurs, la loi intensifie la concurrence ex post (c'est-à-dire pour les consommateurs qui ont déjà fait le choix d'un opérateur) mais elle réduit aussi, inévitablement, la concurrence ex ante (c'est-à-dire pour les consommateurs qui n'ont pas encore choisi un opérateur).
Focus 14 - novembre 2014
Authors: Belleflamme Paul
Published: December 2018

Cela fait quelques jours que l'on parle en France d'une "taxe rose". Selon l'enquête d'un collectif, les femmes paieraient plus cher que les hommes pour une série de produits; le plus souvent, ces produits sont largement identiques si ce n'est qu'ils diffèrent par la couleur de leur emballage, le rose identifiant les produits destinés aux femmes. Le collectif cible particulièrement l'enseigne Monoprix, en pointant notamment des rasoirs jetables dont le prix à l'unité est de 0,36 € pour les femmes (1,80 € le sachet de 5) et de 0,17 € pour les hommes (1,72 € le sachet de 10). Une pétition rassemblant déjà quelque 20.000 signatures a amené Monoprix à répondre à ces accusations de «marketing sexiste» (appelé aussi «genré») : «Les références [de rasoirs jetables] pour les hommes présentent des volumes de vente largement supérieurs aux modèles pour femmes, permettant ainsi un prix d'achat inférieur. De plus, la composition du modèle femme induit un surcoût de fabrication.» De son côté, le gouvernement français (via son ministre de l'économie et sa secrétaire d'Etat aux droits des femmes) a annoncé avoir lancé une enquête sur le sujet.
Focus 19 - décembre 2016
Authors: Desagre Christophe , Laly Floris , Petitjean Mikael
Published: December 2018

Depuis que les marchés financiers existent, les professionnels de la finance ont sans relâche exploité les évolutions technologiques, que ce soit le télégraphe, le téléphone, l’ordinateur, ou plus récemment l’Internet, visant sans cesse à diminuer la latence, autrement dit le temps qui s’écoule entre l’introduction d’un ordre et son exécution. Cette évolution a bénéficié aux investisseurs non-professionnels puisqu’ils peuvent désormais introduire leurs propres ordres d’achat ou de vente, en obtenir l’exécution en moins d’une seconde, et payer des coûts de transaction bien plus faibles que lorsqu’ils devaient attendre la confirmation de leur courtier durant d’interminables minutes passées au téléphone.
Collaborative Authorship Trend in Leading Indian LIS Journals
Authors: Mondal Dhiman , Jana Sibsankar
Published: December 2018

The published articles in leading Indian LIS journals during 2012-2017 have been mapped to depict the authorship pattern and collaboration trend in LIS domain of India. The study assessed the collaborative authorship trend on using different parameters like journal wise pattern, year wise collaboration, co-authorship index, ranked list of most productive authors and the level of collaboration. The Lotka’s law on author productivity has also been tested to confirm the applicability of the law to the present data set. It is found that two-authored papers are predominant (48%) in LIS publications and the collaborated articles of multi-authorships received greater average citations. Besides, in Indian LIS discipline, maximum collaboration occurs in intra-institutional level and inter-institutions within state level. Therefore, it is recommended that the LIS schools across the country should also consider inter- departmental collaboration to produce more quality works on emerging and innovative research areas.
Agriculture Journals Covered by Directory of Open Access Journals: An Analytical Study
Authors: Acharya Muruli
Published: December 2018

With the advent of open access movement, open access journals (OAJs) being the prodigious source of academic and research information have been gaining significant magnitude. The electronic age has made it easier and more convenient than ever to break barriers to research information. The present study aims to study and analyse the status of 497 OAJs in Agriculture indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals. Specified traits such as Geographic and language wise distribution, coverage of Indexing/Abstracting databases, ranking of journals according to Impact Factor (IF), OA licensing model adopted, policy of plagiarism, visibility on social media and related issues of the OAJs in Agriculture are evaluated in the paper. Results indicated the dominance of De Gruyter Open as a publisher with highest number of OAJs, English as a content language, Indonesia with highest number of OAJs, Google scholar with highest journals indexed. The study observes the increasing migration of journals from commercial practice to OA. Frontiers in Plant Science found with highest Impact Factor among OAJs in Agriculture.
Improving Fairness of H-index: RA-index
Authors: Rochim Adian Fatchur , Muis Abdul , Sari Riri Fitri
Published: December 2018

H-index has been widely used as one of the bibliometric measurement methods for researchers’ performance. On the other hand, H-index has been unfair for figuring authors that have high number of citations but fewer number of papers (perfectionist researcher) and researchers that have many papers but fewer citations (productive researcher). The main objective of this article is to improve H-index for accommodating and calculating perfectionist and productive researchers’ impact based on Jain’s Fairness Index algorithm and Lotka’s Law. For improving H-index by RA-index is proposed. To prove the proposed a method, 1,710 citation data sets of top cited researchers from Scopus based on author names list from Webometrics site are used. Fairness index of the RA-index has the average of 91 per cent, which is higher than the fairness of H-Index 80 per cent has been found.