bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tau and M-Neutrino and All Massive Leptons
Authors:   Department of Physics, Osmania university, hyderabad-500 007, India, Chandra Raju C.v.a.v.b.
Published: September 2024

The mass eigenstates of the electron and muon neutrinos are built from the existing left -handed neutrino wave functions and these mass eigen states acquire mass through their interaction with the same Higgs field as their electrically charged partners. The above scheme requires, existence of another massive Mneutrino along -with an electrically charged massive M-Lepton to account for the tau family
Small Bang Model: A New Paradigm for Understanding Universe Creation
Authors:   R&D Department, PowerOpticks Tecnologia, Av. Luiz Boiteux Piazza, Florian´opolis, 88056-000, SC, Brazil, Ulianov Policarpo Yoshin
Published: September 2024

The Small Bang Model (SBM) introduces a revolutionary framework for the genesis of the universe, challenging conventional cosmological theories. By suggesting the universe originated from a zero-mass state, facilitated by antimatter black holes, the SBM provides fresh insights into galaxy formation and the distribution of matter and antimatter. This paper outlines the SBM’s foundational principles, contrasts it with the Big Bang theory, and highlights its potential to resolve longstanding cosmological puzzles. Notably, it presents empirical validations demonstrating distinct mass relationships between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, supporting a novel classification into matter and antimatter galaxies. The Small Bang model is founded on two pivotal concepts: the theory of Cosmic Inflation and the principle of ‘Shunyata Universe’s Gene- sis’ (or ’Emptiness Universe’s Genesis’), a framework envisioning the universe’s inception as small, empty, and cold, entirely devoid of matter or energy. These SBM findings offer a groundbreaking perspective on the early universe’s dynamics and the distribution of cosmic matter, deepening our understanding of cosmic inflation. Consequently, we invite physicists to study, comprehend, and assess the new cosmological model proposed by the Small Bang Model.
Characterization of X-ray Beam for Half and Quarter Value Layers
Authors: Diyor Khazratov , Kuvondik Kodirov , Biniyam Solomon Girma ,   University of Trieste, Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Medical Physics Programme, Italy, Federico Dogo ,   University of Trieste, Department of Physics, Italy
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The aim of this work is to assess the penetrating ability of an X-ray beam through a specific material, in conditions of narrow-beam geometry. Materials and Methods: During the experiment, samples were switched with the X-ray tube turned off, and the primary intensity of the unshielded X-ray beam (fixed 2.5mm shielding) was measured. Parameters were kept constant throughout, and the electrometer was used to stabilize the readings. Subsequent measurements aimed to determine the Half-Value Layer (HVL) and Quarter-Value Layer (QVL) by interpolating various sample slices to achieve intensity values of I/2 and I/4, respectively. The data were used to plot and analyze HVL and QVL graphs, providing insights into the attenuation properties of the X-ray beam through different materials. Findings of the result: The primary findings indicated that the initial unshielded X-ray beam intensity, with parameters set to 37.5 kV and 40 mA, provided a stable baseline measurement. The results showed a consistent decrease in intensity with increased sample thickness, confirming the exponential attenuation of X-rays. The HVL was determined by identifying the sample thickness that reduced the initial intensity by half, and the QVL by the thickness reducing it to one-fourth. The experimental data closely followed theoretical predictions, with HVL and QVL values providing a quantitative measure of the material's attenuation properties. Conclusion: Graphical analysis of the results demonstrated clear linear relationships on a semi-logarithmic scale, validating the accuracy of the measurement process and the reliability of the electrometer readings. These findings contribute to a better understanding of X-ray attenuation in different materials, which is crucial for various applications in medical physics and radiography.
Exploring Biomedical Engineering (BME): Advances within Accelerated Computing and Regenerative Medicine for a Computational and Medical Science Perspective Exploration Analysis
Authors:   Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Bin Akhtar Zarif
Published: September 2024

The field of molecular engineering in medicine has made significant strides in recent years, transforming healthcare, diagnostics, and therapy development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the ongoing need for further innovative progress and detailed investigation. This research delves into the interdisciplinary domain of biomedical engineering with molecular engineering, examining its impact on the domains of regenerative medicine, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and the acceleration of health science through advanced biotechnologies. The primary objective of this research is to conduct an in-depth exploration of biomaterial applications and their roles in regenerative medicine, along with advancements in tissue engineering, organon-a-chip device mechanics, and the transformative potential of bioprinting in creating functional tissues and organs. This research also includes a case study analysis of drug discovery, immune engineering, precision medicine, and gene editing, with insights into the processing, design, and screening pipelines for biologics, as well as the future role of therapeutics and drugs in healthcare. Throughout this exploration, meaningful discussions with conclusions are drawn regarding the advanced technologies investigated, employing systematic technical computing methods at each step of the research process. The rapid advancements in terms of technological computing have brought about significant growth and transformation in various types of domains of biomedical engineering, particularly in the field of medical science and human health. With the progress in artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, deep learning, image processing, machine learning there has been a revolutionary change in healthcare, addressing a wide range of medical conditions and human anatomy perspectives. The integration of these immersive technologies has not only improved in the realm of medication and disease control but has also provided solutions for complex tasks and issues related to human anatomy threats within the health sector. This research also focuses on the impact of accelerated computing in biomedical engineering, providing insights into the modern utility of toolsets in Bioinformatics and mechanics with artificial intelligence within medical science and also diving into understanding the human anatomy. Additionally, it explores the concept of functional genomics and its potential to provide insights into future disease and health issues, paving the way for advancements in healthcare for the foreseeable future and beyond.
Microbial Quality of Traditional Meat Products Manufactured on a Small Scale by Polish Farms in the Lodz Region
Authors: Gajewska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The aim of present study was to assess the microbiological quality of eight traditional meat products (black pudding, white brown, baked pate, roasted pork, raw smoked ham, smoked steamed sausage, raw smoked bacon, raw smoked loin) manufactured by polish farmers in the Lodz region. A total of 37 samples were collected and analyzed twice: within 24 h after purchase from manufactures and after 7 days of storage. Mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were determined. The counts of isolated microorganisms varied depending on the product type and manufacturer. Mesophiles and lactic acid bacteria constituted the main microflora in the tested meat products. Enterobacteriace value was below detection limit in the most samples. The highest mean bacteria counts (mesophiles, LAB and Enterobacteriace) during storage were estimated in black pudding, followed by smoked steamed sausage and white brown. In opposite, the lowest mean bacteria levels were in baked pate and roasted pork. The obtained results showed significant influence of storage time on the mean number of mesophiles and LAB in the meat samples. Negative results for Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were observed during 7 days of storage, indicating the safety of the studied meat products.
Prevalence of GIT Nematodes and Associated Risk Factors of Exotic Chickens in Selected Farm of Poultry in and Around Ambo, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, Belete Temesgen Abraham , Getie Wassie Zerihun ,   Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, Abebe Saleamlak ,   Department of School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Ethiopia
Published: September 2024

Poultry are raised worldwide in backyards and commercial systems with fewer social and religious taboos than other livestock. However, the chicken industry faces significant challenges from nematode parasites. A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique was conducted from April to June 2019 to estimate gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites in chickens in selected farms in and around Ambo, Ethiopia. The fecal analysis results revealed that out of 70 samples collected, 60% were positive for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode eggs. Prevalence varied significantly by body condition, with the highest rates in chickens in poor condition (78.57%), followed by medium (54.54%) and good condition (40%). Location also played a significant role, with Ambo University Poultry Farm having the highest prevalence (83.87%), followed by Abebe Private Farm (55%) and Guder Campus Poultry Farm (26.31%). The main nematode species identified were Ascaridia galli (57.1%) and Heterakis gallinarum (2.9%). Infestation rates differed significantly by sex, age, location, and body condition, with males having higher rates of Ascaridia galli (61.53%) than females (56.14%), and Heterakis gallinarum exclusively affecting females (3.51%). Adults showed significantly higher rates of Ascaridia galli (85.71%) than young chickens (38.09%), with some infestation of Heterakis gallinarum (7.14%) observed in adults but absent in young chickens. This prevalence rate suggests limited awareness among chicken producers and insufficient control strategies in the study area. Hence, implementing targeted control strategies is advisable.
Foreign Direct Investment and Military Expenditure in the Face of Terrorism: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   School of Business and Economics, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Kabiru Alhaji , Niaz Ahmed Mohd Naseem bn ,   Department of Economics, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Published: September 2024

This study examines the relationship between military expenditure and foreign direct investment (FDI) amid terrorism. The study used Mean Group, Pooled Mean Group, Dynamic Fixed Effect, and Panel Quantile estimations techniques on 23 terrorized countries in Sub-Sharan Africa from 1999 to 2019. The outcome of the estimate discovered that military expenditure in the absence of terrorism negates FDI flow. But, amid terrorism, military expenditure has a significant positive impact on FDI inflow. Also, the results show that the effect varies at different quantiles. The results are robust using death from terrorism attacks to measure terrorism on a different model. The study suggests that countries should desist from high military spending in the absence of terrorism to facilitate FDI flow. Countries in mid-life terrorism should enhance military spending and augment military strategy with other options to boost investors' confidence in the economy's high influx of FDI.
GPS-telemetry as a method to assess nest attendance by a female broad-snouted caiman Caiman latirostris
Authors: Mascarenhas-Junior Paulo B. , Barboza Rafael S.L. , Caminha Malu , Lucena Gabriela , Rodrigues Carlos F. , Simões Pedro Ivo , de Sousa Correia Jozelia Maria
Published: September 2024

Crocodylians exhibit parental care, guarding their eggs during incubation to ensure offspring survival. We present the first description of nest attendance of a wild broad-snouted caiman using GPS-telemetry. During the reproductive season of 2022, we tracked a 1.8-metre female in the Tapacurá reservoir, a water source bordered by Atlantic Forest remnants and human settlements in north-eastern Brazil. Telemetry data revealed that 75.8% of the female’s position records were near the nest, suggesting parental care and nest protection. However, the female periodically returned to water. We observed no differences in proximity to the nest between day and night-time, which could be possibly related to different egg predators in the area foraging at different times of the day. Furthermore, the period when the nest was unattended could be associated with either feeding activities or avoidance of human presence. This research brings light on an important part of the reproductive behaviour of broad-snouted caimans in their natural environment, highlighting the importance of GPS-telemetry as a tool for monitoring reproductive behaviour of crocodylians, while contributing to understanding their biology under human-influenced settings. Keywords: Atlantic Forest, crocodylian, movement, parental care, reproductive biology
Predation of anurans in southern England by Batracobdella algira, a leech previously unknown in the UK
Authors: Seilern-Macpherson Katharina , Lawson Becki , Macadam Craig R. , West Pete , Reed Neil , Gibson Louise , Świątek Piotr , Gajda Łukasz , Cunningham Andrew A. , Heaver Joseph , Julian Angela M.
Published: September 2024

Leech predation of amphibians is known to occur in Europe. Observation of severe leech infestation affecting a common toad Bufo bufo in southern England in summer 2020, with leeches covering the toad’s eyes, throat and axillae, initiated a collaborative investigation to learn more about the occurrence of such leech predation of anurans in the UK. Soliciting reports from the general public identified leech predation of common toads and common frogs Rana temporaria in Devon, Greater London, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight and Somerset in southern England. Through morphological and/or molecular investigation of samples, Batracobdella algira, a leech species not previously reported in the UK, was identified in the majority of cases. The known native Placobdella costata was also identified, with the observed feeding behaviour on anuran hosts being indistinguishable from that of B. algira. Whether the latter is a previously unrecorded or an introduced species has not yet been established. However, sequence data from multiple gene loci were identical to B. algira found in Tunisia, suggesting it more likely to be a non-native species to the UK. Further work is required to elucidate the potential origin and distribution of B. algira in the UK and whether it has any impact on amphibian populations. Keywords: amphibians, Bufo bufo, Glossiphoniidae, Hirudinea, Rana temporaria
Methods used in sea turtle genetic and molecular studies
Authors: Monteiro Cibele Castro , Viana Jhonatas Teixeira , Abreu da Silva Karen Karoline , dos Santos Rocha Rafael , Faria Vicente Vieira , Maggioni Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Sea turtles have a tropical and subtropical distribution and can be found in nearly all seas and oceans. They have been the subject of considerable genetic research. However, it does not yet appear that the molecular techniques used for these genetic studies follow a consensus or universal set of tools to be followed for subsequent studies. This is not desirable since it may preclude data exchange and use among studies. Thus, the aim of this review was to survey the main genetic and molecular methods used for sea turtle research worldwide. To achieve this goal, a total of 95 scientific papers were compiled from online databases. We considered articles that used molecular tools for genetic analysis and provided detailed locality data. The following aspects were assessed: species studied, local of sample collection, type of tissue used for molecular studies and type of genetic material used. The seven known sea turtle species have different distribution patterns, with some overlapping of occurrence. Chelonia mydas has been studied genetically along the coasts of all continents. Skin is the most common type of tissue used for molecular analyses. From genetic studies on sea turtles, it is possible to verify the occurrence of hybridism. This phenomenon is relevant to the conservation of the species and was reported in six articles on this topic. Therefore, it is considered that genetic and molecular assays in sea turtles are important tools for biological evaluation and protection. The aim was to survey the main methods used in genetic and molecular research on marine turtles. Keywords: DNA, Chelonian, Testudines, marine turtles
Scorpion mud turtle breeding in the Amazon: zootechnical and environmental activity for the species conservation
Authors: Ferreira Palmira Francisca Gonçalves , da Silva Filho Ednaldo , Marques Larissa Coelho , Leal Relionan Pimentel , Marques José Ribamar Felipe
Published: September 2024

Commercial captive turtle breeding is an opportunity for Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides conservation, as predatory hunting, destruction and habitat degradation are the main threats to its natural populations. In this sense, the goal of this study is to provide a synthesis of knowledge about the species Embrapa-developed captive breeding system. Below, we have set up the themes in a way that makes sense in the captivity flow, discussing important information about the species in the environmental context and its management from the initial breeding stock formation up to reproductive aspects, highlighting animal behaviour and the environmental approach of the activity, to support commercial breeding from the species conservation perspective. The discussion and conclusions have shown that the species has a low invasive potential in Brazilian biomes; the captivity site needs not much space, facilities or water; captive breeding is a zootechnical and environmentally appropriate activity for the species’ conservation because it is a way to avoid spending on programs that are made only for this purpose; and increasing knowledge of reproduction using molecular genetic tools is important. Keywords: conservation, chelonian, Kinosternon scorpioides, jurará, turtle breeding
Differential longevity in free-living smooth snakes Coronella austriaca
Authors: Reading Christopher J.
Published: September 2024

During a 31-year study (1992–2022) of reptiles inhabiting a 10 ha area of lowland heath, within a planted coniferous forest in southern England, UK, smooth snakes Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768, were individually marked with passive integrated transponder tags. New-born smooth snakes were also captured, measured and weighed to estimate size at birth. Growth curves were estimated for females and males which, combined with their estimated size at birth, provided an estimate of age at the time of death. The estimated mean age at death of females (7.8 years) was significantly lower than that of males (10.1 years), with females and males reaching a maximum age of 15 and 25 years respectively. Reproductive effort was considered as a possible explanation for the observed reduced longevity of females compared to males. Female reproductive success increased between 4 and 10 years of age and then declined in the largest breeding individuals, regardless of age. This finding suggested the possible presence of size/growth-related reproductive senescence. This is the first known study to provide reliable estimates of longevity in free-living smooth snakes. It demonstrated a significant difference between females and males in both mean and maximum ages attained, and the potential impact of breeding stress as an explanatory factor for increased female mortality and reproductive senescence. Keywords: predicted age, body size, SVL, reproductive output, senescence
Simulation and performance characteristics of rock with borehole using Visual Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Mnzool Mohammed , Al-Mukhtar Ahmed , Majeed Amani J , Arafat Ahmed , Gomaa Ehab
Published: September 2024

Purpose. This study aims to investigate fluid flow and heat transfer within rocks containing boreholes, focusing on the complex mechanisms within hot reservoirs. Non-commercial finite element (FE) software is used to visualize and present the results. Methods. The study involved the use of FE method with Visual Finite Element Analysis (VisualFEA) software to analyze the coupled phenomena of fluid flow and heat transfer in a rock sample. Special attention was given to incorporating material structure and geotechnical analysis in the software, as well as the treatment of cracked elements. In addition, the validation was done by comparing the current numerical solution using VisualFEA with the numerical solution using ANSYS Software. Findings. The study findings highlight the capabilities of VisualFEA software to accurately represent fluid flow, stress, and heat transfer in borehole-containing rocks. The results include insights into flow direction within the borehole, temperature distribution, and the validation of the software performance against expected system behavior. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of VisualFEA in handling complex loading and its ability to visualize multiple flow directions within a 2D model. The results are presented in the form of contours and curves. Originality. This study contributes to the field demonstrating the application of VisualFEA software in analyzing fluid flow and heat transfer in rocks with boreholes. The focus on incorporating material structure, geotechnical analysis, and treatment of cracked elements adds originality to the study, providing a comprehensive understanding of the coupled phenomena in hot reservoirs. Practical implications. The practical significance of this study is in the validation and benchmarking of VisualFEA software for studying fluid flow and heat transfer in geotechnical application. The findings can be utilized by geotechnical engineers and researchers to better understand the behavior of borehole-containing rocks under specific pressure and thermal loading conditions. The insights gained from this study can be used in decision-making processes related to resource mining, reservoir engineering, and geothermal energy use.
Rock exfoliation in the unstable formations during underground mine working driving and selection of efficient adhesive compositions for strengthening
Authors: Amanzholov Dikhan , Bakhramov Bagdat , Bektur2, Bakytbek
Published: September 2024

Purpose is to identify factors favouring rock exfoliation in roof of underground mine workings while operating Akbakay deposit and determine optimum structure of adhesive reagents for the rock strengthening taking into consideration mineralogical composition of the formation. Methods. The research was carried out in a lab environment. Chemical and ultimate composition of the rock mass samples was determined through x-ray diffraction method; the x-ray phase identification approach helped define their mineralogical composition. The optimum composition of adhesive reagents has been determined based upon the ambient temperature and hardening time. Viscosity durability of the adhesive compounds was assessed using a technique of uniaxial crack of the immovable samples. Statistical data processing involved determination of the required number of the samples to achieve the preset accuracy degree. Findings. Exfoliation of the fragments of both fractured and unstable rocks from Akbakai deposit depends upon availabi-lity of such chemically and mechanically unstable salts as dolomite, albite, and mirror stone. Epoxide reagent in 9 to 1 ratio with polyethylenepolyamine catalyzer has been identified as the most effective adhesive compound. Epoxy adhesives have demonstrated higher cohesive resistance to compare with polyurethane analogues, and better compliance with requirements as for viscosity and hardening time. Originality. Use of epoxy to strengthen both fissured and unstable rocks of Akbakai deposit containing mineral salts, helps increase tensile properties up to three times. Moreover, epoxies also demonstrate high adhesive characteristics; and they are resistant to moisture and temperature attacks being typical for mine environment. New logarithmic dependencies have been identified describing rock mass stability while applying the modified polyurethane with polyethylenepolyamine catalyzer in 9 to 1 ratio. Practical implications. Various types of reagents have been considered for safe and effective strengthening of underground mine workings in the fractured rock masses having a tendency to caving. The proposed adhesive reagents resist efficiently the external share loads and stresses increasing structural stability and safety of rock masses.
دوافع استخدام الجمهور الرياضي للمواقع الإخبارية الرياضية عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي
Authors: عبد الله سرمد أحمد
Published: September 2024

يكتسب هذا البحث أهميته من أهمية معرفة دوافع استخدام الجمهور الرياضي للمواقع الاخبارية الرياضية عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي والاشباعات التي تتحقق للجمهور نتيجة استخدامهم تلك المواقع، وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج المسحي لجمع البيانات عن طريق تصميم استمارة الاستبيان كأداة للكشف عن الدوافع والاشباعات المتحققة وصولاً الى تحقيق الأهداف والإجابة عن تساؤلات مشكلة البحث؛ لتحقيق أهدافه في التعرف على دوافع استخدام الجمهور الرياضي للمواقع الإخبارية الرياضية عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي،  وتحديد الاشباعات المتحققة من استخدام الجمهور الرياضي للمواقع الإخبارية الرياضية. وتحدد مجتمع البحث بمستخدمي المواقع الإخبارية الرياضية عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في كلية الاعلام جامعة بغداد وفي الأقسام العلمية الثلاثة: الإذاعة والتلفزيون، العلاقات العامة، والصحافة، واعتمد الباحث على العينة العمدية "القصدية"، وتوصل البحث الى طائفة منها أن من أهم دوافع استخدام الجمهور الرياضي للمواقع الاخبارية الرياضية، هي: التحليلات الرياضية التي يقدمها المتخصصون عبر تلك المواقع تسهم في زيادة المعرفة بالأحداث والقضايا الرياضية، فضلاً عن ذلك التعريف بأبرز النجوم الرياضيين، إذ حصلت على نسبة اتفاق تساوي (65%) وبتكرار بلغ (96) لكل منهما، وإن من أهم الاشباعات المتحققة لدى الجمهور الرياضي من استخدام المواقع الاخبارية الرياضية، تمثلت في تحقيق معرفة كبيرة بالأندية والمنتخبات المشاركة في البطولات والأحداث الرياضية، وحققت نسبة اتفاق (70%) وبتكرار بلغ (103) من مجموع عينة البحث، ومن ثم الاسهام في اكتساب المعلومات والمعارف بشأن الموضوعات الرياضية، وبنسبة اتفاق تساوي (67%) وبتكرار بلغ (99).
A clinical utility of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity
Authors: Abira Mahmuda , Islam Mohammad Sirajul , Ahmad Rahnuma , Sultana Farhana , Akter Tahmina , Islam Md Daharul , Akhter Qazi Shamima
Published: September 2024

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease and is associated with considerable morbidity. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been chosen as a potential marker of inflammation in SLE.
Objective: To evaluate the role of NLR as an independent predictor of SLE activity.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. In this study, 30 SLE patients, aged 18 to 55 years, were considered as the study group and 30 aged matched healthy subjects were considered as control group. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score was used to assess disease activity.NLR and ESR was estimated. Independent samples t-test, Chi Square test, Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) test, Regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed as applicable. 95% confident interval was calculated and p value <0.05 was accepted as level of significance.
Results: In this study, NLR was significantly (p=0.003) higher in SLE patients than control. SLEDAI score was 10 (1-18) and majority (19; 63.33%) of the SLE patients had SLEDAI score >9 (active disease). NLR was significantly (p=0.001) increased more in active SLE than inactive SLE and showed a significant association among NLR and active disease (OR; 6.56, 95% CI; 1.26 to 34.20, p=0.001). NLR was positively correlated with SLEDAI score and ESR in patients with SLE. The optimal NLR cutoff value of 2.2 had 95% sensitivity and73% specificity {AUC = 0.957, 95% CI, 0.892–1.000, p = <0.001}.
Conclusion: This study concludes that NLR is significantly increased in SLE patients and can be served as an independent predictor of SLE activity.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 137-142
A Case report of Resistant Hypertension due to Renal Artery Stenosis: Long Term Sufferings of a Middle-Aged Gentleman
Authors: Hossain Homayra Tahseen , Noor Nawsabah , Akhter Sharmin , Reza Ishrat Binte , Rishad Mahbub Mayukh , Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is the leading cause of reno-vascular hypertension and is prevalent in elderly patients (over 65 years) and those with resistant hypertension. This article presents a case report of a 60-year-old gentleman who presented with resistant hypertension resulting in heart failure and significant morbidity. The patient's medical history included frequent hospitalizations with uncontrolled hypertension, flash pulmonary edema and heart failure. Despite multiple hospitalizations, the underlying cause of his condition remained unrecognized until further investigation revealed left sided renal artery stenosis as the culprit lesion. Successful renal artery angioplasty resulted in the resolution of the patient's high blood pressure and improvement of general well-being. This case highlights the potential for resistant hypertension due to renal artery stenosis to be overlooked, particularly in patients with multiple comorbidity. It is important to consider the possibility of renal artery stenosis in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure with recurrent pulmonary oedema, not responding to multiple anti-hypertensive drugs in the highest possible dose. 
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 163-167
Current Scenario of Poisoning and Snake Bite Patients Admitted in Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital
Authors: Saha Mrinal , Mahamud Sajjad , Rahul Abu Kamran , Rahman Mohammad Ferdous
Published: September 2024

Background: Poisoning cases are still neglected in our society. Recent studies have revealed the increasing trend of poisoning and snake bite patients, which may be a big challenge shortly. This study was carried out to observe the epidemiological profile of acute poisoning and snake bite in northeastern Bangladesh and to evaluate the risk factors, patterns and mortality.
Methods: Data was collected from the emergency admission registrar of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital with a history of poisoning or snake bite from 1st January 2022 to 30th September 2022. Then indoor ward registers were used to see the outcomes.
Results: 774 patients were admitted in the last nine months. Among them, 707 were poisoning cases (406 males and 301 females), and 67(48 males and 19 females) were snake bites. We found 201 (28%) patients with unknown poisoning, and 167 (24%) were OPC poisoning. Other poisoning types were drug overdose (sedative, paracetamol, antipsychotic, anti-depressant and anti-hypertensive) and corrosive poisoning (Herpic, Dettol, Savlon, Detergent, Soap, Household Cleaning Materials, and paraquat). Though less frequent (11 cases), parquet poisoning was the most fatal. Regarding, Snakebite, 16 (24%) were venomous, and 44 (66%) were non-venomous. At last, we observed 45 deaths (Poisoning 40 and Snakebite 5).
Conclusion: Both poisoning and snake bite cases are important in the clinical context of every tertiary care hospital like ours. To reduce this burden, we should focus on the risk factors. At the same time, proper treatment guideline is necessary even in the rural setup to ensure initial life-saving care.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 133-136
Medical Quiz-2 Vol. 34(2) 2023
Authors: Rahman Aminur
Published: September 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 173
Effects of Intralesional Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy in Patients with de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Anisur , Salek Abul Khair Mohammad , Shoma Farzana Khan , Amin Md Ruhul , Banik Amitab
Published: September 2024

Backgroud:  To assess the effectiveness of intralesional Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy for the treatment of deQuervain`s tenosynovitis.
Methods: The study was randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, BSMMU, Dhaka, from April 2020 to March 2021.A total of 54 patients with lateral wrist pain were randomly allocated into two groups and were given interventions. Twenty six patients in group A were treated with 3 ml of autologous platelet rich plasma injection alongthe inflamed tendon sheath of Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) and Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) tendons while patients in group B were given conventional therapy in the form of rest, ice pack application, analgesics and anti-edema measures for 2 weeks and physical therapy in the form of soft tissue massage.Pain was assessed in VAS. Functional improvement was assessed by Patients Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scale. Twenty six patients in group A and twenty five patients in group B had completed the six month follow up schedule.
Results: The mean age of the participants in group A and group B were 38.23 (± 10.47) and 40.76 (± 8.05) years respectively where >80.0% patients in both groups were female. From 1st month, the VAS scores significantly reduced in group A compared to group B which persisted up to 6 months (p<0.001). In group A, 85.0% reduction of pain score and in group B, 71.8% reduction of pain score was achieved after 6 month of treatment. From 1st month, the PRWE scores significantly reduced more in group A compared to group B (p=0.021) which persisted up to 6 months (p<0.001). In group A, 89.1% functional improvement while in group B, 72.6% functional improvement was achieved after 6 month of treatment.
Conclusion: Intra-lesional platelet-rich plasma reduces pain and improves function in patients with de Quervain`s tenosynovitis.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 93-97
Pattern of Bone Mineral Density In Postmenopausal Women in a Tertiary Care Centre of Bangladesh
Authors: Halder Durba , Ali Md Yousuf , Faysal Janesar Rahat , Nayeem Farhana , Rouf Abdur , Tasnim Nabeela
Published: September 2024

Background: Incidences of osteoporosis and diabetes have dramatically increased in recent decades and they have become one of the major health problems.Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition characterized by decreased density (mass/volume) of normally mineralized bone. The reduced bone density leads to decreased mechanical strength, thus making the skeleton more likely to fracture. This study aimed to assess the pattern of bone mineral density in Bangladeshi postmenopausal women.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year; from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 100 women attending the Outpatient Department  of Medicine were included in this study as per inclusion criteria. A convenience sampling technique was applied for this study.A pre-formed questionnaire was used for necessary data collection containing general characteristics, presence or absence of risk factors, BMI status, and BMD. Qualitative data were analyzed by Chi-square test & quantitative data were analyzed by student’s t-test. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS Software version 20. Informed written consent was obtained from all subjects.
Results: In this study, a maximum (of 36, 36.0%) patients belonged to the age group of 50-59 years, followed by (33, 33.0%) 60-69 years age group. Regarding education, most patients (70, 70.0%) had a secondary school certificate or below that level, followed by higher secondary level (25, 25.0%). Concerning years since menopause, 27.0% of patients had menopause since 20-29 years, followed by 25.0% of subjects had menopause since 10-19 years.Regarding BMI, 20.0% of patients had <23 kg/m2, 24.0% 23.1-25.99 kg/m2, 25.0% 26-29.99 kg/m2, and 31.0% ≥30 kg/m2.Concerning risk factors, 45.0% of patients had a history of taking medication containing estrogen, 40.0% of patients had DM, and 18.0% of patients had a history of taking thyroid hormone.Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was seen in 33.0% and 8.0% of patients respectively concerning BMD proximal femur and spine DXA. Moreover, concerning DXA at the lumbar spine, hip, and total body osteopenia and osteoporosis were 50.0% and 30.0% respectively.
Conclusion: This study suggests that advancing age and menopausal condition are an important risk factor for the occurrence of low BMD.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 121-125
Predictive Value of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score in Patient With Sepsis
Authors: Ahmed Sahed Uddin , Chowdhury Md Abu Hanif , Abedin Md Jaber , Sattar MA , Paul Sujat , Dutta Asok Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio calculated from white cell differential count provides a rapid indication of the extent of an inflammatory process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and SOFA score in sepsis outcome.
Methods: Adult patients presenting to medicine department of CMCH with suspected sepsis by qSOFA score were considered for the present study. Baseline qSOFA, SOFA Score and NLR were calculated. Patients were followed until discharge or death to observe outcome. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU referral and ICU stay. All data were prospectively collected, coded and tabulated. ROC curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of NLR and SOFA in differentiating non-survivors from survivors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the independent predictors adjusted for the previously specified baseline covariates.
Results: The AUC for each indicator was compared. NLR had a modest power for predicting unfavorable outcome (death) as suggested by AUC of 0.705 (95% CI: .556-.854), which was greater than that of baseline qSOFA score (0.694). NLR ≥ 8.9 was proposed as the optimal cutoff value, which provided a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 67.7% for predicting mortality in sepsis. After adjusting for other variables NLR and SOFA remain as independent predictors of unfavorable outcome. Baseline NLR also had a modest power for predicting need for ICU referral than that of baseline SOFA score.
Conclusion: NLR is an easily calculated, simple, cost-effective index that could be used as a prognostic tool for clinicians when assessing sepsis patients in the emergency department and general ward.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 86-92
Answer to Medical Quiz - 1 Vol. 34(2) 2023
Authors: Islam AKM Monwarul , Jesmin Humaira
Published: September 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 174
Answer to Medical Quiz - 2 Vol. 34(2) 2023
Authors: Rahman Aminur
Published: September 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(2): 175
Nigella sativa oil on chronic constrictive injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain of sciatic nerve in Wistar rats
Authors: Akhter Masuma , Biswas Parijat , Shahnaz Monira , Rafiq Kazi , Ali Taskina
Published: September 2024

Background: Various adverse effects have been reported with conventional treatments of neuropathic pain. Nigella sativa (N. sativa), a medicinal herb, has been shown to possess several beneficiary effects. Objective: To assess the effects of N. sativa oil on neuropathic pain and ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) in Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 Wistar rats (200±50gm). On the basis of treatments, all rats were grouped into Group I [normal control (NC) normal saline (NS) 5 ml/kg]; Group II [sham control (SC) {sham surgery + NS}], Group III [CCI control (CCIC) {Chronic constriction injury to sciatic nerve (CCI) + NS}]; Group IV [N. sativa oil experimental (NSOexp) {CCI + N.sativa (400 mg/kg)}], Group V [Glibenclamide experimental (Gliexp) {CCI + N. sativa (400 mg/kg) + glibenclamide (15 mg/kg)}] groups. Both the NSO and NS were administered orally once daily for consecutive 21 days and single dose of glibenclamide was given intraperitoneally on the day of experiment, to the respective rats. Then on the basis of neuropathic pain evaluation tests, all the groups were subdivided into ‘a’ [for sciatic functional index (SFI) in walking track analysis], ‘b’ [for tail flick latency (TFL) in cold tail immersion test], ‘c’ [for paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in von Frey test], and ‘d’ (for rection time in hot plate test). The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: In this study, significantly (pd”0.001) higher SFI, TFL, PWT and reaction time were found in NSO exp rats when compared to those of CCIC rats. In addition, there were significant (pd”0.001) differences in the above-mentioned variables between rats of NSO exp group and Gliexp group. Conclusion: From the present study it might be concluded that, N. sativa prevents worsening of neuropathic pain in Wistar rats by blocking KATP channel.
J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 2023;18(1): 35-45
Effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) essential oil on cardiac autonomic function in female Generalized Anxiety Disorder:A poincaré analysis of heart rate variability
Authors: Chowdhury Esha , Sultana Shamima , Morshed Nahid Mahjabin , Zaman Nusrut , Boby Farjana
Published: September 2024

Background:Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a worldwide, one of most prevalent mental disorder and associated with autonomic dysfunction. Poincaré plot of heart rate variability (HRV) is anonlinear method to assess cardiac autonomic nerve function (CANF).Lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) essential oil (LEO) has been reported with anxiolytic effect and autonomic improvement in human. Objective: To assess the effect of LEO inhalation on CANF in female patients with GAD by analysis of poincaré plot of HRV.Method: This Quasi experimental study was conducted on 60 newly diagnosed female GAD patients with 20-40 years of age. Among them, 30 patients were treated with LEO inhalation for 15 min for once a week for one month (30days)along conventional treatment and 30 patients were without LEO inhalation and continued only conventional treatment for 30days.Thirty (30) apparently healthy subjects were control group.HRV data of all patients and control were recorded at baseline and after 30days of intervention or follow up respectively. HRV was recorded by a data acquisition device, Power Lab 8/35 and Poincaré plot analysis was done by lab chart software. For statistical analysis ANOVA followed by post-hoc test and paired sample ‘t’ test were done.Results: In this study, at baseline, the standard deviation of the short-term RR interval variability (minor axis of the cloud, SD1),the standard deviation of the long-term RR interval variability (major axis of the cloud, SD2) and SD1/SD2  were found significantly lower (p<0.001) in all GAD patients compared to control group. After 30 days of intervention with LOE, significant increase of SD1(p<0.001) and SD2, SD1/SD2 (p<0.01) were found in GAD patients whereas no significant difference was found in patients without LEO after 30 days. Moreover, significantly higher values of  SD1 and SD2 were observed in GAD patients after aroma therapy with LEO compared to GAD patients not under aroma therapy. Furthermore, LEO could restore the BP of the GAD to the control level. Conclusion: This study concluded that, aromatherapy with LEO inhalation may be effective to improve cardiac autonomic dysfunction in female GAD patients.
J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 2023;18(1): 19-26
Correlation of serum zinc and magnesium with reduced heart rate variability in male Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Nova Naoreen Khan , Sultana Shamima , Akther Rubina , Habib Md  Ahsan
Published: September 2024

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder associated with altered cardiac autonomic function. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a tool to assess the cardiac autonomic status. Altered serum zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) levels are observed in PD. The serum Zn and Mg alteration is associated with nerve function impairment. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum zinc, magnesium, and time domain measures of HRV in male patients with PD. Methods: This observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023on 30 newly diagnosed male PD patients aged 50-60 years. In this study, 30 healthy volunteers were the control. The 30 patients were divided into different categories based on serum mineral levels. The HRV was recorded by Power Lab 8/35, AD Instruments, Australia and the time domain measures of HRV were used in data analysis. The serum Zn and Mg levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Independent sample ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: Significantly higher mean HR (Heart rate) (p<0.01) and significantly lower mean RR (Normal to normal QRS complex) interval,CVRR (Coefficient variation of RR interval) (p<0.01), SDRR (Standard deviation of the RR intervals), SDSD (Standard deviation of the difference between successive RR intervals), RMSSD (Square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals), pRR50% (Proportion of RR interval with duration >50 ms) (p<0.001)were observed in PD patients compared to control. In PD patients, significantly lower (p<0.001) serum Zn and significantly higher (p<0.01) serum Mg were observed compared to control. In addition,significant decrement was observed in SDRR, CVRR (p<0.05), SDSD, RMSSD, and pRR50% (p<0.01) in hypozincemic PD patients compared to normozincemic patients. On correlation analysis, significant positive correlations of serum Zn were observed with SDRR (p<0.05),SDSD (p<0.001), RMSSD (p<0.001) and pRR50% (p<0.01). Moreover,serum Mg was positively correlated with SDRR (p<0.05) in PD patients. Conclusion: Hypozincemia and magnesium were directly related to reduced HRV in male PD patients.
J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 2023;18(2): 63-71