bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it about substituting an addiction with another? Development and initial psychometric properties of the first Heated Tobacco Products Addiction Questionnaire (HeaTPAQ)
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Rabih , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: August 2024

Background:Public health experts currently agree that heated tobacco products (HTPs) pose a significant health risk for their consumers. The same concentrations and speed of delivery of nicotine found for HTPs and conventional combustion cigarettes make it necessary to consider the addictiveness of HTPs, and provide precise diagnostic instruments to serve as the basis for effective treatment plans. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to design a questionnaire for HTPs addiction called “HeatedTobaccoProductsAddictionQuestionnaire (HeaTPAQ)” and to examine its psychometric properties.Methods:Adults from the general population of Lebanon (n = 754) were administered the HeatPAQ, along with the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We split the main sample into two subsamples; subsample 1 consisting of 33% of the participants used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n=246; mean age 27.82±9.38 years) and subsample 2 consisting of 67% of the participants used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n=508; mean age 27.81±8.80 years).Results:EFA then CFA analyses revealed a one-factor model consisting of 13 items with acceptable fit to the data. The HeaTPAQ reached excellent internal consistency coefficients, with both Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω values of .96. The one-dimensional structure of the HeaTPAQ was found to be invariant across sex groups. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant positive correlation with FTND scores. Furthermore, HeaTPAQ scores correlated positively with measures of anxiety and depression, which suggests the adequate concurrent validity of the scale.Conclusion:Findings suggest that the HeatPAQ is a specific, short and simple-to-use self-report questionnaire to assess HTPs addiction reliably and validly. We hope that the HeatPAQ will facilitate routine screening for HTPs addiction, which is an essential step towards appropriate prevention and intervention efforts and to inform policy makers.
A Riemannian Inexact-Newton Method for Solving the Orthogonal INDSCAL Problem in Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Zhou Xue-lin , Li Chao-qian , Li Jiao-fen
Published: August 2024

The well-known individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) model is intended for simultaneous metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) of several doubly centered matrices of squared dissimilarities. In this work, the problem of fitting the orthogonal INDSCAL model to the data is reformulated and studied as a matrix optimization problem on the product manifold of orthonormal and diagonal matrices. A Riemannian inexact Newton method is proposed to address the underlying problem, with the global and quadratic convergence of the proposed method established under some mild assumptions. Furthermore, the positive definiteness condition of the Riemannian Hessian of the objective function at a solution is derived. Some numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Mathematics subject classification: 15A24; 15A57; 65F10; 65F30
Experimental signatures of a new channel of the DD reaction at very-low energy
Authors: Dubey R. , Czerski K. , H Gokul Das , Kowalska A. , Targosz-Sleczka N. , Kaczmarski M. , Valat M.
Published: August 2024

The discovery of a new, strong reaction channel of the deuteron-deuteron fusion at very low energies might have major consequences for the construction of a future clean and efficient energy source. Following the first theoretical and experimental indications for the existence of the deuteron-deuteron threshold resonance in the 4He nucleus and its dominant decay by the internal e+e- pair creation, we present here an extensive experimental study confirming emission of high-energy electrons and positrons. A simultaneous use of Si charged particle detectors of different thicknesses and large volume NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors has allowed for the first time to determine the branching ratio between emitted protons, neutrons and e+e- pairs for deuteron energies down to 5 keV. The high-energy positrons could be unambiguously detected by their bremsstrahlung spectra and annihilation radiation, supported by the Monte Carlo Geant4 simulations. The theoretical calculations, based on a destructive interference between the threshold resonance and the known broad resonance in 4He, agree very well with experimentally observed increase of branching ratios for lowering projectile energies. The partial width of the threshold resonance for the e+e- pair creation should be at least 10 times larger than that of the proton channel.
Individualized MRI-based stroke PRediction scOre using plaque Vulnerability for symptomatic carotid artEry disease patients (IMPROVE)
Authors: Nies Kelly PH , Smits Luc JM , Kuijk Sander MJ van , Hosseini  Akram A , Dam-Nolen Dianne HK van , Kwee Robert M , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Rupert Iris , Nederkoorn Paul J , De Jong Pim A , Bos Daniel , Yamagata Sen , Auer Dorothee P , Schindler Andreas , Saam Tobias , Oostenbrugge Robert J van , Kooi  M Eline
Published: August 2024

Objective: In TIA and stroke patients with carotid stenosis, estimations of future ipsilateral ischemic stroke risk and treatment decisions are currently primarily based on the degree of stenosis. Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), which can be readily visualized on carotid MRI, is increasingly established as an easy to assess and a very strong and independent predictor for ipsilateral stroke risk, stronger than any clinical risk factor. We developed a clinical prediction model (IMPROVE) incorporating IPH, degree of stenosis, and clinical risk factors to select patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis at high risk for stroke.
Methods: IMPROVE was developed on pooled clinical and MRI data from five cohort studies of 760 recent TIA or minor stroke patients with carotid plaque who received optimal medical treatment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the coefficients of IMPROVE. IMPROVE was internally validated using bootstrapping and converted to one- and three-year ipsilateral ischemic stroke risk.
Results: The development dataset contained 65 ipsilateral incident ischemic strokes that occurred during a median follow-up of 1.2 years (IQR: 0.5-4.1). The IMPROVE model includes five predictors, which are in order of importance: degree of stenosis, presence of IPH on MRI, classification of last event (cerebral vs ocular), sex, and age. Internal validation revealed a good accuracy (C-statistic: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77–0.87) and no evidence for miscalibration (calibration slope: 0.93).
Interpretation: Using presence of IPH on MRI and only four conventional parameters, the IMPROVE model provides accurate individual stroke risk estimates, which may facilitate stratification for revascularization.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Antioxidant Changes in Fresh-cut Cantaloupe, Pineapple, and Cauliflower during Storage
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Gao Haiyan , Nock Jacqueline F. , Shoffe Yosef Al , Watkins Christopher B.
Published: August 2024

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid, can accumulate in plants in response to abiotic stresses. The effects of postharvest treatments on endogenous GABA concentrations and exogenous GABA on whole horticulture product quality has recently received attention. However, knowledge of the effects of mechanical damage events such as peeling and cutting on GABA concentrations of fresh-cut products is limited. In this study, concentrations of GABA and antioxidants including total phenolics and ascorbic acid in fresh-cut cantaloupe, pineapple, and cauliflower during storage at 5 °C for 9 days were investigated. We found that GABA accumulated in fresh-cut pineapple and cauliflower during storage, but that the increase in cantaloupe was not significant. Total phenolics, total ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) remained stable in fresh-cut cantaloupe and cauliflower. In pineapple, however, total phenolics and total ascorbic acid concentrations decreased, whereas the DHA concentration increased. No correlation was found between GABA and antioxidants in fresh-cut cauliflower and cantaloupe; however, GABA was negatively related to antioxidants, including total phenolics and total ascorbic acid, in fresh-cut pineapple. The results show that GABA accumulation may represent a stress response to damage that occurs during the preparation of fresh cut products, but that the degree of response is affected by the specific product. Further research of GABA metabolism in response to minimal processing, including GABA biosynthesis, in a wider range of horticultural products and relationships with antioxidants is warranted.
Marker-assisted Pyramiding of Charcoal Rot Resistance Loci in Strawberry
Authors: Alam Elissar , Lee Seonghee , Peres Natalia A. , Whitaker Vance M.
Published: August 2024

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot, is one of the most destructive soil-borne pathogens that affect the global strawberry industry. Resistant cultivars are critical for ensuring the profitability of strawberry production without the protection historically provided by methyl bromide. Previously, three loci, namely, FaRMp1, FaRMp2, and FaRMp3, associated with quantitative resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina have been identified and validated across diverse populations and environments. Among those, the locus with the largest effect, FaRMp3, was initially detected in crosses with an exotic Fragaria ×ananassa selection. We introgressed the favorable FaRMp3 allele into elite germplasm in the University of Florida strawberry breeding program already segregating for FaRMp1 and FaRMp2 and confirmed its phenotypic effects across various genetic backgrounds. Subsequently, we developed a high-throughput genotyping assay to facilitate the transfer and selection of FaRMp3 in breeding populations via marker-assisted selection. Given that three quantitative trait loci (QTL) contribute to partial resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina, stacking them within a single genotype presents a potential strategy for enhancing resistance. We screened 564 individuals that segregate for favorable alleles at all three QTL to assess their effects singly and in combination across multiple genetic backgrounds and production seasons. Inoculated field trials revealed that the three QTL cumulatively enhanced resistance levels, and that two-way QTL combinations including FaRMp3 provide increased protection against the pathogen. Pyramiding all three loci achieved the strongest resistance and could provide substantial economic value to the strawberry industry.
Gender in mineral names
Authors: Emproto Christopher , Farfan Gabriela A. , Spano Tyler L. , Bermanec Marko , Rumsey Mike S. , Dutrow Barbara L. , Alonso-Perez Raquel , Riaño Jessica , Simon Adam C.
Published: August 2024

Minerals are the fundamental constituents of Earth, and mineral names appear in scientific literature for disciplines including geology, chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine, among others. Choosing a name is the full responsibility of the authors of new mineral proposals submitted to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Scientific nomenclature and its traditions have evolved over time, and consequently, mineral names track changes in the landscape of mineralogy with respect to language, technology, and culture. To evaluate these changes, the namesake information for all 5896 minerals approved by the IMA or “grandfathered” into use as of December 2022 was recorded and categorized within a workable database. The compiled information yields diverse insights into the intersection of science and culture and could also be used to project future trends. In this study, we used the name database to investigate gender diversity among mineral eponyms.

More than half (ca. 54%) of all mineral species are named after people, the identities of whom are largely a reflection of the people that have historically been involved, in one way or another, in the geosciences and the mining industry. Of the 2738 people with minerals named for them, ∼6.1% are (interpreted to be) women. Nearly all minerals named for women were named during the last 60 years, although the growth rate in the year-on-year percentage of women among new mineral namesakes has slowed since about 1985. If current and historical trends hold, our model predicts that women will not comprise more than about 10.35% of newly established mineral namesakes in future years. The representation of women among mineral namesakes also differs starkly among countries. For example, Russians comprise 43.11% of women with minerals named for them but account for only 15.12% of all eponyms. However, there are additional disparities beyond the proportions of namesakes. For scientists who were alive when a mineral was named for them, women averaged 3.74 years older than men when evaluated over the same timespan (1954–2022). These results demonstrate that gender-based disparities are imprinted into current mineral nomenclature and indicate that gender parity among new mineral namesakes is impossible without unprecedented changes in the upstream demographics that are most likely to affect naming trends.
Heterogeneous distribution of Al-hematite regulated by hydrologic regime in a basaltic laterite of Hainan Island, South China: implications for the aqueous history of Mars
Authors: Qin Xiaorong , Tan Wei , He Hongping , Liu Jiacheng , Tao Qi , Zhu Jianxi , Wei Hongyan , Luo Lianying , Chen Keyan , Zhang Tianqi , Ji Shichao
Published: August 2024

Al-hematite occurs in a wide range of terrestrial soils, but the impact of hydrologic factors on the formation and preservation of Al-hematite remains uncertain. Experimental studies indicate that the ratio of the intensity (I) of the (110) reflection to the intensity of the (104) reflection [(I(110)/I(104)] increases with increasing Al content in a series of synthetic Al-hematite analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), whereas the ratio of the full-width at half maximum (W) of the (110) reflection to the full-width at half maximum of the (104) reflection [W(110)/W(104)] decreases. Quantitative constraints were applied to determine the various levels of Al-substituted hematite in a basaltic laterite (a 48-m-long drill hole) from Hainan Island in South China. The spatial correlation between the distribution of hematite with varying Al content and the location of the groundwater table in the basaltic laterite indicates that hydrologic conditions play a crucial role in regulating the formation and preservation of Al-hematite. The weathering of basalt in a stable water-saturated environment with a relatively slower flow rate promotes the formation of Al-poor hematite. Conversely, the formation of Al-rich hematite was favored by a relatively high flow rate and alternating wet and dry conditions above the groundwater table. Additionally, capillary water in the surficial soil facilitates the expulsion of Al during the recrystallization of Al-rich hematite, resulting in the formation of Al-poor hematite in the surficial soil. Observations from landed instruments and ground-based telescopes have led to the longstanding suspicion that Al-hematite exists on the surface of Mars. The potential presence of Al-hematite in certain martian outcrops may suggest the existence of transient liquid water with slightly higher flow rates, such as episodic floods, emphasizing the dynamic hydrologic conditions on Mars. Moreover, this study suggests that visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy can be employed to identify and characterize Al-rich hematite. This approach could be employed to assess the potential presence of Al-rich hematite on Mars, aiding in the study of the planet’s hydrologic environment.
Sobre la equivalencia extensional entre la representación epistémica y la representación-como
Authors: Racines Correa Jairo Isaac
Published: August 2024

En las últimas décadas han emergido en la filosofía de la ciencia dos propuestas en torno a los modelos científicos y su función representacional. De acuerdo con una de ellas, los modelos científicos se subsumen en la categoría de las representaciones epistémicas. Según la otra, los modelos científicos se subsumen en la categoría de las representaciones-como. Este artículo propone que existe una equivalencia extensional entre las representaciones epistémicas y las representaciones-como. Esta tesis se defiende argumentando que las condiciones necesarias y suficientes que determinan la representación-como son aquellas que explican cómo son posibles los razonamientos subrogatorios, los cuales son el síntoma que se emplea en la literatura para definir las representaciones epistémicas. Una consecuencia de esta tesis es que la aceptación de una de las propuestas en torno a los modelos científicos y su función representacional implica la aceptación de la otra. Otra consecuencia y su principal beneficio es ofrecer una propuesta sobre cómo son posibles las representaciones epistémicas.
De las causas a las leyes de la naturaleza: Aristóteles, Descartes y Newton
Authors: Guerrero Pino Germán
Published: August 2024

En este trabajo se expone el proceso que llevó del concepto de causa, introducido sistemáticamente por Aristóteles, al de ley de la naturaleza. Este proceso de cambio, como el de cualquier otra noción central en la ciencia, no es solo de interés histórico, sino también epistemológico y para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales. En ese sentido, se muestra que en esta transformación fueron clave los aportes de Descartes y de Newton, pues el primero estableció el vínculo entre los conceptos de causa y ley de la naturaleza; mientras que el segundo consolidó y generalizó dicho vínculo formulando las leyes del movimiento, acompañadas de la introducción de la fuerza de gravedad.
Analysis of Student Misconceptions of Cell Material Using Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Instruments with the CRI Method at MA Darul Muqorrobin Kendal
Authors: Rodhiyah Enni , Ismail Ismail , Wijayanti Erna
Published: August 2024

Biology learning is closely related to conceptual understanding. Incorrect understanding of students if not immediately corrected can lead to misconceptions. This study aims to analyze and identify the causes of students' misconceptions about cell material using a four-tier diagnostic test with the CRI method. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The population used was all students of class XI MA Darul Muqorrobin Kendal. The research subjects were 52 students using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using tests, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The results of the data analysis showed that the percentage of students who had misconceptions was 51%, understood the concept 22%, guessed 10% and did not understand the concept 17%. While the highest misconception for each sub material is 60% in protein synthesis. The percentage of factors that cause misconceptions from students is 60%, teachers are 44%, learning methods are 66%, teaching context errors are 48%, and textbooks are 40%. Based on the results of this analysis, misconceptions still often occur in cell material, so further research is needed on other materials.
L Tipi Matris ve Fine-Kinney Metodları Kullanılarak Erzurum Havalimanı’nın Çevresel Risk Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Bedir Ferdin , Kul Sinan , Özdemir Mustafa , İrdemez Şahset
Published: August 2024

Dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yeri olan havacılık sektörü diğer birçok sektör ile karşılaştırıldığında çok daha yüksek bir büyüme oranına sahiptir. Günümüzde küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının yaklaşık %2'sinin bu sektörden kaynaklandığı ve ilerleyen yıllarda bu emisyonların sektörün büyüme oranları ile paralel olarak artacağı düşünülerek gerekli tedbirlerin vakit kaybetmeden alınması yerinde olacaktır. Havalimanlarının inşaat faaliyetleri süresince ekosistem olumsuz olarak etkilenirken, havalimanı altyapılarının yüksek enerji ihtiyaçları, işletme aşamasında oluşan önemli miktarlardaki atık maddeler, havalimanı operasyonlarından kaynaklanan gürültü emisyonları vb. nedenler yerel halkın refahını önemli ölçüde etkileyebilmektedir. Havalimanlarında yürütülen uygulamaların çevreyi ve yerel halkı etkilediği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, ekonomik gerekçeleri bahane etmeden havalimanlarının yönetimleri tarafından düzeltici önlemlerin uygulamaya alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen çevresel problemler değerlendirilerek, Erzurum Havalimanı’nın işletilmesi sürecinde, risk değerlendirmesi yapılması ve çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada çevresel risk faktörleri belirlenerek, risklerin çevreye olası etkileri L tipi matris metodu ve Fine-Kinney metodu kullanılarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda havalimanı bünyesinde yer alan ofis, mutfak, marangozhane, depo, bakım onarım vb. birimlerde çevresel zararlara sebep olabileceği düşünülen çevresel risk etmenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Havalimanında yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda L tipi matris metoduyla 11 adet orta, 243 adet katlanılabilir ve 39 adet önemsiz düzey risk tespit edilmişken, Fine-Kinney metoduyla 7 adet yüksek, 31 adet önemli, 136 olası ve 119 adet önemsiz düzey çevresel risk tespit edilmiştir. Alınacak önlemlerin, havalimanının muhtemel çevresel etkilerini büyük ölçüde düşüreceğini göstermektedir.
Isolation and In-Vitro Probiotic Characterization of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Different Plants and The Digestive System of Bees
Authors: Bal Mehmet , Önlü Harun , Osmanağaoğlu Özlem
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from fructose-rich niches (bee digestive tract, yam fruit, hazelnut leaf, grape, tomato, white mulberry, pear, kiwi) for their use as probiotics. Among a large number of isolates from these sources, 10 catalase-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains were initially selected. Cell morphology and genotypic characteristics (RAPD-PZR, 16S rRNA sequencing) of the selected strains were determined in the first stage. The fructophilic isolates included in the study were identified as Enterococcus faecalis. Phylogenetic analyses of the related isolates were performed and isolates isolated from the bee gastrointestinal tract and isolates isolated from different plant sources were grouped into separate clades. Isolates whose phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were defined were then tested for their potential probiotic properties. In this context, acid, pepsin and pancreatin resistance profiles of the isolates were determined. In addition, isolates coded A6, 7, 9 and 10 were proven to be potential bacteriocin producers. In this study, it was shown that fructophilic lactic acid bacteria can be isolated from different plant sources and may have probiotic potential.
Çift Sıra Parklanma Durumunun Nesne Tespit Algoritması YOLOv8 ile Tespit Edilmesi
Authors: Alemdar Kadir Diler
Published: August 2024

Çift sıra parklanma durumunun trafik sıkışıklığı, trafik akış koşulları, trafik güvenliği gibi trafik göstergeleri üzerinde birçok olumsuz etkisi vardır. Çift sıra parklanma sürücülerin davranışsal ve trafik alışkanlıklarını etkileyen parametreleri içermektedir. Park ihlalinin önüne geçmek için çeşitli denetim faaliyetleri ve cezai yaptırımlar uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında çift sıra parklanmanın derin öğrenme algoritmalarından olan YOLOv8 modeliyle tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, İzmit ve Erzurum'da bulunan ve trafik yoğunluğu yüksek caddeler dikkate alınarak toplam 891 görüntüden oluşan bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. YOLO modeli sonucunda ölçüm parametresi F1 skor değeri 0.83 olarak elde edilmiştir. Modelin çift sıra parklanma, normal parklanma ve tüm veri setine ait mAP@0.5 değerleri sırasıyla 0.851, 0.922 ve 0.886 olarak elde edilmiştir. Diğer performans parametreleri de incelendiğinde modelin çift sıra parklanma durumunu başarılı bir şekilde tespit ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Model performans sonuçlarına göre çift sıra ve normal parklanma durumlarının %89'u doğru bir şekilde tespit edilmiştir. Çift sıra parklanma tespitine yönelik yapılacak çalışmalar için bir veri seti altyapısı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma ile park ihlallerinin otomatik tespit edilmesi ve sürücülerin anlık uyarılması sistemlerinin ilk etap çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Caratteristiche Semantiche del Concetto di Gioco Nell'espressione Pragmatica, Semiotica e Assiologica delle Relazioni Comportamentali di Gioco
Authors: Savvateeva I. A.
Published: August 2024

L’articolo offre un’analisi comparativa e definitoria dei concetti di comportamento e di gioco nelle immagini del mondo linguistico di lingue non imparentate. Il problema dello studio sta nel fatto che non tutte le componenti comportamentali della categoria di relazioni sono collegate al gioco. Tale connessione esiste ed è espressa in alcuni tipi di relazioni negli aspetti semiotici e assiologici. Lo scopo di studio è quello di determinare le somiglianze e le differenze tra i significati comportamentali del gioco in italiano e inglese. Gli obiettivi dello studio prevedono un'analisi linguistica delle relazioni comportamentali di gioco negli aspetti linguistico culturali e cognitivi. Nella presente analisi, viene introdotto il concetto di Osservatore per studiare frammenti di immagini del mondo linguistico italiano e inglese che esprimono il comportamento di gioco. Nell'articolo si applica il concetto di Osservatore come soggetto percettivo-cognitivo e interprete della categoria di relazioni. I risultati dello studio comparativo mettono in luce le somiglianze e le differenze tra i lessemi che implementano i concetti il gioco e play in senso comportamentale, e le peculiarità della loro rappresentazione nelle lingue non imparentate. La ricerca condotta ha mostrato che, in primo luogo, il comportamento di gioco può essere, in una certa misura, visto come una semiotica delle relazioni, cioè ha una segno, che può essere interpretata e valutata; in secondo luogo, la caratteristica assiologica della categoria delle relazioni di gioco ha un'ampia gradazione valutativa, da valutazioni positive a quelle negative. In generale, si sostiene che, in italiano e in inglese, ci siano più valutazioni negative che positive, ci sono differenze nelle interpretazioni riscontrate attraverso l'analisi definitoria, nonostante le caratteristiche positive di base delle relazioni di gioco in italiano e in inglese.
Associative Fields of Culturally Marked Lexemes Chyl-Pazhy and Chalama in the Language Consciousness of Shorians: A Psycholinguistic Experiment
Authors: Kameneva Veronika A. , Rabkina N. V. , Kartavtseva A. P. , Chepsarakova N. I.
Published: August 2024

Ethnically-specific concepts and bilingual consciousness are topical issues of cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, cultural studies, and language theory. Associative fields of culturally-marked vocabulary make it possible to study ethnic worldviews. The authors used the psycholinguistic method of associative experiment to study the associative fields of Shorian words Chyl-Pazhi (a New Year celebration) and chalama (a festive ribbon) in the language consciousness of the Shor people who live in the Kemerovo Region, Western Siberia. The survey yielded 412 associations to the stimulus Chyl-Pazhi and 359 associations to the stimulus chalama. The psycholinguistic experiment involved 89 members of the Shor ethnic group aged 14–65 y.o. and was conducted on October 29, 2022, in the settlement of Sheregesh during a local festival of national cultures. Shorian and Russian New Year traditions appeared to merge with those of other indigenous peoples of Western Siberia, which was obvious even at the level of spelling as many respondents used Khakas or Russified variants. Chyl-Pazhy was conceptualized as a holiday when multi-colored chalama-ribbons are tied to a birch tree while black ones are burned in a fire-well. As a New Year celebration, Chyl-Pazhy could be described as a seasonal holiday of sunlight and spring that remains integral to the contemporary Shorian worldview. Chalama-ribbons were associated with making wishes, and that was the only aspect that linked this stimulus with the Russian New Year.
Color Name Red in Russian and Persian Phraseology: Axiological Aspect
Authors: Haji Musaei S. A. , Madayeni Avval A.
Published: August 2024

This article contains a comparative analysis of the axiological component in phraseological units with the color name red in Russian and Persian linguistic cultures. Phraseological units with color names are numerous in both languages and represent a microsystem united by the semantics of color, the components of which enter into intralingual and interlingual relationships of full or partial equivalence, synonymy, homonymy, or antonymy. The research objective was to compare figurative meanings of the color component in phraseology of the two different languages on the basis of culture linguistics and axiological analysis. The study provided an insight into the national mentality of the two peoples, which emerged as such under the influence of historical events, climate, religion, traditions, and values. The research material included 53 Russian and 20 Persian phraseological units. Both worldviews demonstrated an axiological component in the idioms with color name red, as well as a binary axiological opposition. In Russian, it demonstrated a positive meaning (66%) whereas in Persian it had a mostly negative meaning (80%). In Russian, the color red had a positive meaning in such categories as beauty; respect, festivity; holiday, fun; especially valuable; oratory; the key thing, the beginning; achievement; response action; embarrassment. Categories with negative meaning included beauty; timidity, shyness; oratory; limit, danger; fire; aggression; response action; shame. In Persian phraseology, positive meaning was detected in such categories as appearance; embarrassment; preserving one’s dignity, appeal. The negative categories included change in complexion; troubles; limit, danger; anger, irritation; duplicity; obstruction; cruelty; bad consequences. In addition, 19% of Russian phraseological units were classified as neutral and belonged to the categories of trade, revolution, and communism. The method of lexical-axiological analysis makes it possible to use the results in teaching general linguistics, Russian, Persian, translation, and comparative typology, as well as in in lexicographic practice.
Artistic World Model as a Subject of Scientific Research
Authors: Shestakova E. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Interdisciplinary studies often refer to such general categories as world model. This article is an analytical review of the artistic world model as a problematic issue of modern literary criticism. The author studied the essential content of the term model in different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as the relationship between the concepts of worldview and world model, artistic worldview and scientific worldview, etc., as well as the role of the author’s personality in their artistic world model and principles of world modeling, the latter being a popular scientific subject. The article is an attempt to systematize the latest publications on these issues. The methodology included structural-descriptive and descriptive-functional approaches. The analysis shows that the concept of world model is a process of reproducing external reality by a subject who builds its model in line with their own value systems, cultural background, and historical environment. An artistic worldview (model) focuses on all things figurative and emotional while scientific worldview is accurate, verified, and factual. The artistic world model broadcasts the author’s view. It has a special chronotope and a deep emotional impact on its reader. The uniqueness of the artistic world model largely depends on the genre. The principles of world modeling rely on metaphor and associations.
Analysis of consensus time and winning rate in two-layer networks with hypocrisy of different structures
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zhao Chi , Parilina Elena M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

We have developed a microscopic version of general concealed voter model (GCVM). Original GCVM uses only statistical-physical methods, while our new approach starts with a real network. A microscopic model is suitable for any two-layer network (with internal ans external layers) satisfying the definition given in the paper. We conduct a series of simulations with different network structures and found that a cyclic external structure prolongs consensus time in comparison with a complete external structure. Moreover, a cyclic external structure has a positive impact on a winning rate, and this result is different from the one obtained in the macroscopic version of GCVM. The possible reasons for this difference are discussed in the paper. Additionally, we propose and validate the hypothesis that there exists a strong linear relationship between a consensus time and pairwise average shortest paths $d$ in the network structure. We performed a controlled variable approach to validate the impact of each individual parameter on key performance indicators (KPIs) including a consensus time and winning rate. Furthermore, we assess the influence of parameter combinations on KPIs by analyzing the results using the K-means algorithm. We conclude that certain parameter combinations can have a significant impact on the consensus time.
Field emission characteristics and structure of carbon-containing cathode materials
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Phung Duc-Manh , Sheshin Evgeniy P. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: August 2024

Field emission and structural characteristics of carbon nanotube fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, pyrolytic graphite and micrograined dense graphite were experimentally studied before and after their operation as a field cathode using registration of the current-voltage characteristics, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy in the spectral range from 1000 to 2000 cm-1. The experiments carried out showed large and small structural rearrangements of carbon-containing cathodes and their surfaces in the process of field emission. In addition to the G, D and D' lines characteristic of carbon materials, a line was detected in the range of 1450–1480 cm-1, which is observed in the starting materials of pyrolytic graphite, carbon nanotube fibers and persists after operation, and also appears in the micrograined dense graphite sample after operation in as a cathode. The relative integral intensity of line D in pyrolytic graphite, micrograined dense graphite, and carbon nanotube fibers undergoes the greatest change. In pyrolytic graphite and carbon nanotube fiber, its increase is observed, and in micrograined dense graphite its decrease is observed after operation as a cathode. This made it possible to use the relative integral intensity of the D-line to quantify the change in the surface properties of carbon materials as a result of field emission when using these materials as cathodes, in particular. to assess changes in crystallite sizes. Thus, the possibility of using Raman spectra to control the surface structure of carbon-containing materials has been demonstrated, which significantly facilitates the possibility of further analysis of the relationship between the surface structure and its emission characteristics. The prospects for improving the field emission characteristics of carbon-containing cathodes were discussed.
Explanatory comparative analysis of time series forecasting algorithms for air quality prediction
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Qi Dongfang , Bure Vladimir M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of time series forecasting models for predicting air quality using datasets from a Purple Air Dual Laser Air Quality Sensor and the Kaggle Online platform. These datasets contain reliable and real sensor records, ensuring the richness of information required for environmental protection. The research focuses on identifying suitable forecast models for environmental analysis, including popular algorithm structures such as neural network models and ensemble models. Moreover, the study introduces the Explainable artificial intellect method to provide explanations for models with excellent performance indicators, thereby enhancing their trust and transparency. The performance of the models was evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination (R-squared). Results indicate that the neural network and ensemble models are effective in forecasting air quality time series. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on time series forecasting models and provides insights for future research in air quality prediction.
Triaxial electrodynamic stabilization of a satellite via PID controller
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleksandrov Alexander Yu. , Ruzin Sergey B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

A satellite moving on a circular equatorial orbit is considered. The satellite is equipped with a controlled magnetic moment and a controlled electrostatic charge. The problem of triaxial stabilization in the orbital frame is studied. The electrodynamic control system is proposed. In addition, to improve characteristics of transient processes, PID controller of a special form is used. With the aid of the Lyapunov direct method, asymptotic stability conditions of the program mode are obtained. The results of computer simulation are provided demonstrating the efficiency of the developed approach.
Differential game with a “life line” under the Grönwall constraint on controls
Authors:   Andijan State University, Akbarov Adakhambek Kh. , Samatov Bahrom T. ,   Namangan State University
Published: August 2024

We study the pursuit-evasion and “life line” differential games of one pursuer and one evader, whose controls are subjected to constraints given by Grönwall type inequalities. It is said that an evader has been captured by a pursuer if the state of the pursuer coincides with the state of the evader. One of the main aims of this work is to formulate optimal strategies of players and define guaranteed capture time. Here a strategy of parallel convergence (briefly, Π-strategy) for the pursuer is suggested and proved that it is optimal for pursuit. To solve the “life line” problem we will investigate dynamics of the attainability domain of players by Petrosyan method, that is for the attainability domain, conditions of embedding in respect to time are given. This work grows and maintains the works of Isaacs, Petrosyan, Pshenichnyi, Azamov and other researchers.
Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome Accompanying Hemosalpinx and Endometriotic Ovarian Cyst suspected as Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: A Rare Congenital Anomaly of Genitourinary System in a 12-year-old Female Patient
Authors: Kim Hayeon , Park So Hee , Choi Jeong In , Chung Soo-Ho , Sang Jae Hong
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a very rare congenital
anomaly of the Mullerian duct and Wolffian duct with three symptoms of uterus: didelphys, obstructed
hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. In this syndrome, hydrometrocolpos or hematocolpometra,
which are clinically equivalent to colpatresia, causes mass and pain.

Case Presentation:

This case reports a case of HWW syndrome with a left adnexal mass suspected
as a tubo-ovarian abscess found on an abdominal CT image in a 12-year-old female patient who
visited our hospital with the main complaint of lower abdominal pain and fever.

Conclusion:

A patient with HWW syndrome may be admitted to the emergency room with abdominal
pain, though it is a rare case. This syndrome is manifested as abdominal pain and a mass
due to hematocolpometra, mainly in women after puberty. For an adolescent female with ipsilateral
renal agenesis accompanied by abdominal pain and mass, the diagnostic imaging test may be performed,
considering HWW syndrome and precise surgical treatment should be planned.
Depression and the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle
Authors: Mamelak Mortimer
Published: August 2024

:

Many features of major depressive disorder are mirrored in rodent models of psychological
stress. These models have been used to examine the relationship between the activation of the hypothalamic-
pituitary axis in response to stress, the development of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,
the dominance of cholinergic neurotransmission and the associated increase in REM sleep pressure.
Rodent models have also provided valuable insights into the impairment of glycolysis and brain
glucose utilization by the brain under stress, the resulting decrease in brain energy production and the
reduction in glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycling. The rapidly acting antidepressants, scopolamine,
ketamine and ECT, all raise extracellular glutamate and scopolamine and ketamine have specifically
been shown to increase glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycling in men and rodents with corresponding
short-term relief of depression. The nightly use of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) may achieve more
permanent results and may even act prophylactically to prevent the development or recurrence of depression.
GHB is a GABAB agonist and restores the normal balance between cholinergic and monoaminergic
neurotransmission by inhibiting cholinergic neurotransmission. It relieves REM sleep pressure.
GHB’s metabolism generates NADPH, a key antioxidant cofactor. Its metabolism also generates
succinate, the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, to provide energy to the cell and to synthesize glutamate.
In both animals and man, GHB increases the level of brain glutamate.
LED lights and their impact on energy savings in a residential environment
Authors: Palacios-Intriago Valentín Bladimir , Rezabala-Cedeño Diego David , Vera-Cevallos Walter Leonardo
Published: August 2024

LED lights play an essential role in saving energy in homes, the objective of the research was to study their lifespan and efficiency compared to traditional lighting. The result was that energy efficiency and reduced consumption up to its durability, has positive economic benefits, in addition its environmental impact is lower, it has been proven to be a comprehensive and sustainable choice for domestic lighting.
Aile Hekimliği Asistanlarının Human Papillomavirüs Aşıları Hakkındaki Bilgi ve Tutumları
Authors: Sahin Aslıhan , Büber Düztaş İlayda Su , Keser Elçin , Sarı Koç Eda , Yılmaz Çiftdoğan Dilek , Öngel Kurtuluş , Mergen Haluk , Karadağ Öncel Eda
Published: August 2024

Giriş:Human papillomavirüs (HPV) erkeklerde ve kadınlarda en sık cinsel yolla bulaşan viral enfeksiyon etkenidir. HPV aşılarının etkinliği kanıtlanmış olsa da ülkemizde ulusal bağışıklama programında yer almaması nedeniyle bireylerin istediği doğrultusunda yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle hekimlerin önerisi bireylerin HPV aşıları ile ilgili tutumlarını etkileyen temel nedenlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada aile hekimliği asistanlarının HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşılaması ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin ve tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem:Kesitsel, tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmada, İzmir Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ve İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Aile Hekimliği Kliniklerinde uzmanlık eğitimi almakta olan aile hekimliği asistanlarına 15 Aralık 2022 – 15 Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze 19 sorudan oluşan anket uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular:Araştırmaya 181 aile hekimliği asistanı katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortancası 28 (min-maks: 22-54) yıl olup, %50,8’i erkeklerden oluşmuştur. Hekimlerin %68,5’i daha önce HPV aşısını önermiştir. Daha önce HPV aşısı önermeme nedenleri arasında en sık aşı ile ilgili yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip olmama (%51,9) ve endikasyon dahilindeki hasta ile karşılaşmama (%48,1) yer almıştır. Daha önce HPV aşısı öneren ve önermeyen katılımcılar arasında yaş, cinsiyet, aile hekimliğindeki asistanlık süreleri, kendilerine HPV aşısı yaptırmaları ve piyasadaki HPV aşılarını bilmeleri açısındanistatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (sırasıyla, p<0,001, p=0,024, p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001). Yine gruplar arasında HPV’nin neden olduğu hastalıklardan servikal intraepitelyal neoplazive serviks kanserinin bilinme oranları arasındaistatiksel anlamlı fark olduğugörülmüştür (sırasıyla, p=0,014, p<0,001).
Sonuç:Araştırmamızda aile hekimliği asistanlarının HPV ve aşıları ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri ile tutumları arasında ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Aile hekimlerinin, aşılanma oranlarının arttırılmasında merkezi öneme sahip olduğu göz önüne alındığında, geleceğin aile hekimleri olacak asistan hekimlere yönelik uzmanlık eğitimi içerisinde HPV aşıları ile ilgili bilgi ve becerilerini artırmaya yönelik müdahalelere ihtiyaç vardır.
Efek Penambahan Eko-Enzim Dalam Air Minum Terhadap Produksi Telur, Fertilitas, Daya Tetas dan Kualitas Telur Ayam IPB D-1
Authors: Nepa Juliana Monika , Telupere Franky M. S. , Mulyantini N. G. A.
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek eko-enzim terhadap produksi telur, fertilitas, daya tetas ayam IPB-D1. Ayam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebayak 96 ekor (72 betina dan 24 jantan). Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, tiap ulangan ada 4 ekor ayam (1 jantan, 3 betina). Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu: P1 = air minum tanpa eko-enzim (kontrol), P2 = 1 cc eko-enzim/L air minum / 3 hari, P3 = 2 cc eko-enzim/L air minum /3 hari, P4 = 3 cc eko-enzim/L air minum/ 3 hari. Jumlah telur yang digunakan untuk mengamati kualitas telur yaitu sebanyak 72 butir, 6 butir tiap perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan. Hasil analisis statistik berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi telur, fertilitas, dan daya tetas. Perlakuan P3 memberikan produksi telur, fertilitas dan daya tetas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kesimpulan pemberian eko-enzim dengan dosis 2 cc/L air minum /3 hari dapat meningkatkan produksi telur, fertilitas, daya tetas ayam IPB-D1.
Pengaruh Amilase Pada Tepung Singkong Terhadap Rasio Konversi Energi dan Protein Pada Ayam Broiler
Authors: Puspita Poppy Satya , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Hermana Widya , Pramujo Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan amilase pada tepung singkong terhadap rasio konversi energi dan protein pada ayam broiler. Materi yang digunakan adalah 270 ekor sexed Day Old Chick broiler Lohmann. Metode penelitian adalah percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan penelitian adalah P0: Pakan basal + 0% Tepung Singkong (kontrol), P1: Pakan basal + 50% Tepung Singkong, dan P2: Pakan basal + 50% Tepung Singkong + 0.05% Amilase (bb-1). Variabel penelitian meliputi konsumsi energi (Kkal), konsumsi protein (g). rasio konversi energi, dan rasio konversi protein. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan jika terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan dilakukan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan peningkatan sangat signifikan (P <0,01) terhadap konsumsi energi, rasio konversi energi, konsumsi protein, dan rasio konversi protein. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ransum yang menggunakan 50% tepung singkong dengan dan atau tanpa suplementasi amilase untuk menggantikan jagung dalam ransum meningkatkan nilai rasio konversi energi dan rasio protein pada ayam broiler.