bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sein und Welt
Authors:   Parmenides
Published: April 2022

Das »Lehrgedicht« des Parmenides, das nur in Fragmenten erhalten ist, gehört zu den Grundtexten der antiken Philosophie. Die Forschungen zu Parmenides gehen mehrheitlich davon aus, dass das Sein als abstrakter Begriff jenseits von Zeit und Werden, die Welt dagegen als bloßer Schein zu verstehen sei. Die hier vorliegende Interpretation

geht demgegenüber von einem grundlegend anderen Ansatz aus:

1. Das Sein ist nicht überzeitlich und kein abstraktes Eines, sondern es einigt und hält die in der überlieferten Kosmologie aufgebrochenen Gegensätze zusammen. 2. Die Welt ist nur für die im Irrtum befangenen Sterblichen bloßer Schein. sie wird von Parmenides nicht verneint, sondern auf ihre Wahrheit zurückgeführt. 3. Die in der Tradition immer wieder von neuem gestellte Frage nach der Einheit der Fragmente erhält dadurch eine Basis für weitere Untersuchungen.
Die Herausforderung des Pluralismus
Authors: Hildt Moritz
Published: April 2022

Welche Merkmale muss eine philosophische Theorie aufweisen, will sie dem modernen gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus gerecht werden? Der Autor setzt sich bei dieser Frage insbe sondere mit John Rawls’ Vorschlag einer pluralismussensiblen Rechtfertigungstheorie (vor allem dem 1993 in »Politischer Liberalismus« vorgestellten »Politischen Konstruktivismus«) auseinander – und unterzieht diese einer grundlegenden Kritik. Anschließend entwickelt er mit Rückgriff auf Rawls’ kantische Wurzeln eine systematische Alternative zu Rawls’ Theorie. Dieser Alternative, so die These des Autors, kann es gelingen, der Herausforderung des Pluralismus zu begegnen.
Wissenschaft und Kontext in der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Thaliath Babu
Published: April 2022

Die Wissenschaften entstehen und entfalten sich innerhalb von historischen Kontexten. Dabei vollzieht sich die Kontextualisierung einzelner Wissenschaftsdisziplinen durch die historisch-kontextuale Ausweitung und Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen. Die vorliegende Abhandlung ist ein Versuch, in der Entwicklungsgeschichte einiger frühneuzeitlicher Wissenschaftsdisziplinen eine zweifache Wurzel der Kontextualität festzustellen: Einen internen bzw. einen der Wissenschaftsdisziplin innewohnenden Prozess der Kontextualisierung kann man aus ihrer Entwicklungsgeschichte herleiten. Diesen gilt es von einem externen, durch äußere Faktoren und neue Erkenntnisse auf anderen Feldern bedingten Prozess der Kontextualisierung abzugrenzen. Aus diesem kontextualen Wechselspiel heraus lassen sich etliche Paradigmenwechsel in der frühen Neuzeit besser verstehen.

Die Untersuchung geht von Fallstudien aus, wie sie in mechanischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Schriften von Descartes, Kepler, Galilei, Newton, Hooke und Boyle zu finden sind.
Atmosphären
Authors: Schmitz Hermann
Published: April 2022

Mit der Weltspaltung in private Innenwelten und eine Außenwelt zwischen ihnen sind dem menschlichen Begreifen spätestens seit Platon und Aristoteles große Teile der normalen Lebenserfahrung abhandengekommen, z. B. der spürbare Leib und die Atmosphären (was gleichsam in der Luft liegt). Hermann Schmitz, der sich der Überwindung dieser Weltspaltung gewidmet hat, hat 1969 (»Der Gefühlsraum«) die Atmosphären als Thema in die Philosophie eingeführt. Im vorliegenden Buch stellt er in acht Aufsätzen aus den letzten Jahren den gegenwärtigen Stand seiner Überlegungen zu diesem Thema dar. Die Kapitel des Buches: Atmosphärische Räume · Gefühle als Atmosphären · Kollektive Atmosphären · Eintauchen in Atmosphären · Intensität, Atmosphären und Musik · Die Atmosphäre einer Stadt · Landschaft als Wahrnehmungsweise · Freude
Erkennen als antwortendes Gestalten
Authors: Schaeffler Richard
Published: April 2022

Kant hat die Frage nach den Bedingungen gestellt, die es möglich machen, dass uns überhaupt etwas als Gegenstand gegenübertritt. Seine Antwort auf die so verstandene „transzendentale Frage“ lautet, dass die Formen unseres Anschauens und Denkens den Gegenständen ihre Gesetze vorschreiben.

Richard Schaeffler versucht, die Einseitigkeit der kantischen Rede von einer „Gesetzgebung“ des Subjekts über die Gegenstandswelt zu überwinden und das Verhältnis zwischen dem Subjekt und seinen Gegenständen als ein dialogisches Verhältnis zu beschreiben. Er zeichnet den antwortenden Charakter unseres Erkennens Schritt für Schritt auf allen Stufen des Erkennens nach: in den Akten der Wahrnehmung, ohne die alle Formen der Begriffsbildung inhaltslos bleiben, in den Akten des Begreifens, durch die wir unsere subjektiven Eindrücke erst in objektiv gültige Erkenntnisse verwandeln, und schließlich in der Beschreibung des Vorgangs, in welchem sich der Gegenstand all unseren Gestaltungsversuchen immer wieder „entgegenwirft“ und so erst zum „Objectum“ und zum Maßstab unserer Selbstbeurteilung werden kann.

Diese dialogische Betrachtungsweise macht die Widersprüche deutlich, in die die Vernunft sich verwickelt, wenn sie sich einseitig als „Gesetzgeberin“ versteht. Aus diesen Widersprüchen kann sie sich befreien, indem sie die Impulse zum antwortenden Gestalten wie auch die Ergebnisse ihres Gestaltens als Entsprechungen einer göttlichen Gesetzgebung versteht.
Ruhe in der Bewegung
Authors: Linck Gudula
Published: April 2022

Ruhe zu finden in der Bewegung, Dauer einzustreuen in den Fluss der Zeit – das ist Gegenwart aus erster Hand, die sich Hast und Sprunghaftigkeit und jedem Kalkül widersetzt. Für viele Menschen in der westlichen Welt liegt darin das Faszinierende des ostasiatischen Denkens, doch zugleich tun sie sich schwer mit dem Widerspruch des Ineinander und Miteinander, der Verwandlung ins Gegenteil und Uneindeutigkeit. Warum aber sollte, wenn es um Ruhe und Bewegung geht, „sowohl – als auch“ weniger wirklich sein als „entweder – oder“?

Texte aus dem vormodernen China sind voll von scheinbar paradoxen Denkfiguren wie „Ruhe in der Bewegung“. Im ersten Teil des Buches gilt es, die darunter angesiedelte Leib- und Lebenserfahrung auszumachen, um die Erfahrungsbegriffe bereitzustellen, die dann im zweiten Teil an den einzelnen Bewegungskünsten durchgespielt werden. Neben Atem- und Bewegungsübungen ist vor allem danach gefragt, was die Bewegungserfahrung jeweils mit einem macht und warum. Bewegungskünste in der nächstliegenden Bedeutung sind die Lebenspflege des Qìgong, das Spiel der Tiere, Kampfkunst und die verlangsamte Kampfkunstvariante des Tàijíquán, im weiteren Sinn: Dichtung, Malerei und Kalligraphie, Musik, die chinesische Raum- und Gartenkunst.

Im dritten Teil geht es schließlich um Meditation im handwerklichen Tun und Sein, in der auf ganz eigene Weise „Ruhe in der Bewegung“ und „Bewegung in der Ruhe“ zugänglich sind.
Philosophie der Interkulturalität
Authors: Stenger Georg
Published: April 2022

'Interkulturalität' ist zu einem Schlagwort geworden, das nicht nur die Human- und Kulturwissenschaften sowie die philosophischen Grundlagendebatten durchzieht, es hat auch Einzug gehalten in die gesellschaftlichen Lebensformen, kulturellen Lebenswelten und realpolitischen Diskurse. Als philosophische Themenstellung, der es gleichermaßen um Begründung und Aufweis geht, erhält das Paradigma der Interkulturalität eine grundsätzliche sowohl theoretische wie praktische Bedeutung. Anhand der Analyse des „Grundphänomens der interkulturellen Erfahrung“ unternimmt der Autor den Versuch einer Grundlegung des interkulturellen Denkens. Der konstitutive Zusammenhang von 'Erfahrung' und 'Welt(en)', der sich als systematischer und methodischer Leitfaden durchhält, vermag die verschiedenen Themenfelder und Dimensionen aufzuzeigen, die für ein zeitgemäßes und gegenwartsdiagnostisches interkulturelles Bewusstsein von Belang sind.

Mit einem erweiterten Erfahrungsbegriff, der sich methodisch einer „Phänomenologie der Erfahrung“ versichert, wird jener Schritt möglich, der das bislang allein in Geltung sich wähnende abendländisch-westliche Denken relativiert, auch hinsichtlich seiner kategorialen Selbstverständigung. Vor allem das ostasiatische Denken, allem voran das japanische, hat Philosophien der Erfahrung ausgearbeitet, deren adäquate Aufnahme man sich künftig nicht wird sparen können. Damit verbunden ist das Plädoyer für eine 'Pluralität der Welten', das jenseits der Differenz von Universalismus und Relativismus, Globalismus und Partikularismus für eine gegenseitig 'fruchtbare Differenz' votiert. Nicht allein vor dem Hintergrund weltweit wachsender Problemstellungen, die mit dem interkulturellen Paradigma einhergehen, erscheint ein geschärftes 'interkulturelles Bewusstsein' an der Zeit. auch der Denkweg der Philosophie selber schickt sich an, in eine neue Etappe einer 'Philosophie der Interkulturalität' einzutreten.
Einführung in die antike Philosophie
Authors: Seidl Horst
Published: April 2022

Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht von der erstaunlichen Tatsache aus, dass in der antiken Philosophie sich Probleme und Lösungen über weite räumliche und zeitliche Abstände wie auch über nationale Grenzen hinweg entwickelt haben, gleichsam mit innerer Konsequenz, und erklärt diese Entwicklung aus dem realistischen Bezug der Philosophen zu den Dingen selbst, an die sie die Probleme stellen und aus denen sie die Lösungen gewinnen.

Die Untersuchung widmet sich einschlägigen Texten bei Vorsokratikern, Platon, Aristoteles, Stoikern und Plotin und legt dar, wie sie schrittweise immer mehr die ursächlichen Verhältnisse in den Dingen erschließen, von den materiellen Ursachen zu den immateriellen, seelischen, bis zur menschlichen Vernunft und einer ersten transzendenten Ursache (Gott). Diese Ursachenforschung war der Ursprung der Wissenschaften im Abendland.

Die Probleme und ihre Lösungen betreffen - naturphilosophisch und metaphysisch - das Wesen der Natur, den Gegensatz von Werden und Sein, sowie ihrer Ursachen, der immanenten und einer transzendenten, ersten Ursache, ferner das Wesen der Seele, sodann - epistemologisch - den Gegensatz zwischen Einzelnem und Allgemeinem, zwischen Subjekt und Objekt, zwischen Sinnlichkeit und Vernunft. Ethisch gesehen geht es um das sittliche Gute und das Naturrecht, im Gegensatz zum nützlich Angenehmen und positiven Recht.

Immer vermochte die forschende Vernunft sich selber als entscheidende Ursache in die gesamte Realität einzubeziehen und sich in Analogie zur ersten Ursache, der göttlichen Vernunft, zu begreifen, was von großem Einfluss auf die Philosophie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit wurde.
Indische Philosophie - Vom Denkweg zum Lebensweg
Authors: Mall Ram A.
Published: April 2022

Sind Philosophien wie z.B. die indische und die europäische wirklich radikal verschieden? Ram Adhar Mall bestreitet dies und behauptet, dass die Philosophien - nicht nur interkulturell, sondern ebenso intrakulturell - eine Art „Familienähnlichkeit“ aufweisen. Der Name bzw. Begriff „Philosophie“ ist zwar griechisch-europäisch, aber nicht die Sache, die Tätigkeit, die sich Philosophieren nennt. Dies gilt nicht zuletzt für die großen Traditionslinien der indischen Philosophie. Von den Veden über den Hinduismus und Buddhismus bis hin zu Mahatma Gandhis Philosophie der Gewaltlosigkeit zeigt sich ihr großer geistiger Reichtum. Der Autor stellt nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklung der indischen Philosophie deren einzelne Disziplinen wie Anthropologie, Erkenntnistheorie, Logik, Ethik oder Ästhetik vor. Im Dialog mit der westlichen Tradition macht er deutlich, dass die indische Philosophie oft einseitig unter religiösen Vorzeichen gesehen wurde. Neben der Korrektur solcher langlebiger Vorurteile geht es ihm darum zu zeigen, wie die indische Philosophie als Ort des Übergangs vom Denkweg zum Lebensweg, der beiden gleichermaßen ihr Recht zugesteht, dazu beitragen kann, die philosophischen Grundfragen heutiger Menschen interkulturell neu zu begreifen. Dieses Buch möchte, indem es unterschiedliche Philosophietraditionen miteinander ins Gespräch bringt, jeweils neue Möglichkeiten philosophischen Denkens eröffnen.
»Gefühle mit der Autorität unbedingten Ernstes«
Authors: Lauterbach Sr. M. Johanna
Published: April 2022

Wie können wir als religiöse Menschen interessierten Agnostikern in säkularen Begriffen erklären, was für eine Art von Erfahrung religiöse Erfahrung ist? Dieser Frage stellt sich Sr. M. Johanna Lauterbach, indem sie eine Aktualisierung der klassischen Religionsphänomenologie unternimmt. Dabei setzt sie sich - inspiriert durch die von Jürgen Habermas angeregten Dialoge zwischen Religion und Philosophie - mit der gegenwärtigen humanwissenschaftlichen Debatte über den Begriff der religiösen Erfahrung auseinander. Habermas’ Ansätze eines methodischen Atheismus und einer kooperativen, interdisziplinären Wahrheitssuche werden ebenso diskutiert wie die säkularistischen Dogmen funktionalistischer Religionstheorien. Diese Diskurse setzt die Autorin mit einem religionsphänomenologischen Zugang in Beziehung, indem sie Phänomene des Religiösen überhaupt und im Besonderen den ontologischen Eigensinn religiöser Innenperspektiven in den Blick nimmt. Als philosophisch-systematischer Dreh- und Angelpunkt bietet sich der Begriff der »Gefühle mit der Autorität unbedingten Ernstes« an, durch den Hermann Schmitz, der Begründer der Neuen Phänomenologie, das affektive Betroffenwerden vom Göttlichen oder Heiligen bestimmt. So wird ein neues Verständnis von religiöser Erfahrung beschreibbar, das für ein nachmetaphysisches philosophisches Selbstverständnis des Christentums und anderer Religionen von großem Interesse ist.
Stadionbesucher und Stadionsicherheit
Authors: Baumann-Mandl Cora
Published: April 2022

Men's football has been facing serious cases of spectator violence time and again in recent years. Some of the worst problems presented by spectator riots include the use of pyrotechnics, violence, insults and racist remarks. Thanks to the regular media coverage of these events, stadium security is a much discussed topic among the general public and legal experts. This study critically surveys the various instruments of civil law available to clubs, such as the regulation of the ticket market, stadium bans, admission controls, and recourse claims, thus providing academics and practitioners with everything they need.
Fürsorge oder Bevormundung?
Authors: Heinzelmann-Brégeault Friederike
Published: April 2022

For many people, buying their own property is a lifelong dream. However, the construction or purchase of a home is usually associated with long-term costs and obligations that cannot be foreseen in advance. In particular, the income situation of the builder-owner can change over the years of a loan agreement.

Since the consumer often lacks the necessary expertise and experience, the lender is legally obliged to prudently evaluate the solvency of the investing private individual. This paper critically examines the requirements of the Mortgage Credit Directive 2014/17/EU.
Gene Editing Improves the Agronomic Important Traits of Wheat – CRISPR-Cas9 and Cas12/Cpf1
Authors: Kefale Habtamu , Getahun Sewnet
Published: April 2022

A hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the 3rd most important staple food crop with 15% caloric intake next to maize and rice in the world. The global attention for wheat improvement are still encouraging. However, the population growth and demand for food at this time and in the next years could not be balanced. Due to this, huge investments have been established and performed to improve the most important agronomic traits of wheat. Among the new molecular tools and techniques that have given a big emphasis as it will have many concerns is gene editing. Many gene editing tools have been reported and being implemented including Zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated Cas9/12 system for targeted gene editing. Among these, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated Cas9/12 systems are very accurate and widely used for targeted gene editing. By using CRISPR-Cas mediated gene editing technique, important traits of wheat include disease and pest resistance, better grain and flour quality, gluten-free trait, better nutritional value, nitrogen use efficiency, threshability, and other yield components and has been edited and improved. Therefore, the use of gene editing technologies for wheat as well as other important crops improvement was irreversible.
Activated Carbons from Waste Tyre Pyrolysis: Application
Authors: Matandabuzo Mzukisi , Dovorogwa Delford
Published: April 2022

The development of better and efficient methods of consuming less and/or wasting little resource materials is becoming more important. In this study, pyrolytic waste tyre carbon black residue and commercial grade activated carbon were characterized and evaluated against adsorption of mercury vapor. The performance of the raw carbon black residue and the activated carbon against mercury vapor generated in the laboratory was determined using a designed reactor system. The adsorption of Hg+ was investigated at temperatures ranging from 200 to 280°C for 6 hours. Batch experiments were conducted for the different carbon residue samples and characterization analysis were done before and after adsorption using the spectroscopic, microscopic, and structural techniques to elucidate the structural arrangements and properties of the carbonaceous materials. Spectroscopic analysis of these carbonaceous residues showed a C=C stretching vibration attributed to the lignocellulose aromatic ring at 1657–2000 cm−1. Comparatively, it was also observed that the Infrared spectrum of raw carbon black exhibits less functional groups as compared to the H2SO4-AC and H2O2-AC carbonaceous residues prepared.
Comparison of mental rotation ability, attentional capacity and cognitive flexibility in action video gamers and non-gamers
Authors: Podlogar Neža , Podlesek Anja
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, video games have become the most popular form of entertainment. For this reason, it is crucial to investigate the positive and negative consequences of gaming. The action genre is the most played amongst gamers and is interesting for cognitive psychology research because gaming requires many perceptual and cognitive abilities. The present study examined the association between playing action video games and the ability to mentally rotate objects, track multiple objects, and switch between tasks. Using a sample of emerging and young adults (18–37 years old), we compared non-gamers (N = 81) and action video gamers (N = 82). Results showed that playing action video games was related to better mental rotation ability and higher attentional capacity. Although gamers switched between tasks faster than non-gamers, the groups did not differ in switching costs, which are an important indicator of cognitive flexibility. The results suggest that playing action video games is positively associated with information processing speed, attention, and visuospatial abilities, and suggest a possible use of such games to improve these abilities.
‘Imitatio Christi, imitatio Stephani’. El pensamiento de Agustín sobre el martirio, a partir de los sermones sobre el protomártir Esteban
Authors: Dupont Anthony , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article studies the sermons of St. Augustine preached on the feast of St. Stephen. It makes a synopsis of St. Augustine’s theology of martyrdom, underlining the main theological topics presented in the St. Stephen’s sermons, making a special remark on the miracles that were accomplished through the intercession of St. Stephen.
Tres sermones nuevos de san Agustín sobre la limosna
Authors: Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The present article is a follow-up of the spanish traduction of s. Erfurt 1 = 282 auct., on Perpetua and Felicitas, Erfurt 5 = 362A De resurrectione mortuorum, and Erfurt 6 = 313G, on Cyprian, published in Augustinus 2009. It contains the traduction of the editio princeps of another three previously unknown sermons by Augustine of Hippo from ms. Erfurt, University Library, Dep. Erf. CA 12° 11. These recently discovered sermons deal with almsgiving, namely, Erfurt 2
Tomás Stapleton (1535-1598)
Authors: François Wim , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article gives a survey of Stapleton’s life and an overview of his biblical commentaries, specially his commentary on Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, in order to gain insight in his view on original sin and concupiscence, against John Calvin and Theodore Beza, and trying to answer the question whether Stapleton aligned himself with Augustinianism or he was promoting a Jesuit theology.
On the fixed-parameter tractability of the partial vertex cover problem with a matching constraint in edge-weighted bipartite graphs
Authors: Mkrtchyan Vahan , Petrosyan Garik
Published: April 2022

In the classical partial vertex cover problem, we are given a graph $G$ and two positive integers $k_1$ and $k_2$. The goal is to check whether there is a subset $V'$ of $V$ of size at most $k_1$, such that $V'$ covers at least $k_2$ edges of $G$. The problem is NP-hard as it includes the Vertex Cover problem. Previous research has addressed the extension of this problem where one has weight-functions defined on sets of vertices and edges of $G$. In this paper, we consider the following version of the problem where as the input we are given an edge-weighted bipartite graph $G$ with weights from $\mathbb{N}$, and three positive integers $k_1$, $k_2$ and $k_3$. The goal is to check whether $G$ has a subset $V'$ of vertices of $G$ of size at most $k_1$, such that the edges of $G$ covered by $V'$ have weight at least $k_2$ and they include a matching of weight at least $k_3$. In the paper, we address this problem from the perspective of fixed-parameter tractability and algorithms. We present some W[1]-hardness, paraNP-hardness results for our problem. On the positive side, we show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to certain parameters. One of our W[1]-hardness results is obtained via a reduction from the bi-objective knapsack problem, which we show to be W[1]-hard with respect to one of the parameters. We believe that this problem might be useful in obtaining similar results in other situations.

Keywords: partial vertex cover; bipartite graph; fixed-parameter tractability; W[1]-hardness
Oskar Loorits ja tema kaasteelised
Authors:   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Hiiemäe Mall
Published: April 2022

Oskar Loorits (1900–1961) was a versatile researcher who in international folkloristics was mainly known for his religious studies. He developed an interest in folk belief in his student days at the University of Tartu, where he had a chance to participate in an expedition and record Livonian folklore. Already in 1926 Loorits defended his doctoral thesis on Livonian folk belief. He also became one of the advocates for the cultural identity of the small Livonian nation. On Loorits’s initiative the Estonian Folklore Archives were established, which assembled older folkloric collections; also, the managing system was created and collections were supplemented. By the beginning of World War II, it was an internationally known and smoothly operating institution. Loorits left for Sweden and continued work in exile. The majority of Loorits’s research uses comparative-historical methods, in comparison with the folkloric material of the peoples of the world. Most of his research was published in German: Livische Märchen und Sagenvarianten (1926), Der norddeutsche Klabautermann in Otsbaltikum (1931), Pharaos Heer in der Volksüberlieferung I (1935), Gedanken-, Tat- und Worttabu bei den estnischen Fischern (1939), etc. Some of the most renowned works, which have also received criticism, are, for example, Eesti rahvausundi maailmavaade (Estnische Volksdichtung und Mythologie (1932)) and Grundzüge der estnischen Volksglaubens, which was compiled in Sweden in 1943–1960. As a personality, Loorits was impulsive in expressing his ideas, as well as articulate and remarkably persuasive. These features characterize his cultural and socio-political journalistic works. As a national ideologist, Loorits was interested in defining the ancient worldview of Estonians and Finno-Ugric peoples, yet idealized the centuries-long tenacity of the principle of animistic equality. It is not surprising that his ideas about Estonians as a nature nation gave rise to debates and are also under discussion today in connection with the problems of the sense of identity, environmental protection and nature conservation.
Safety and Efficacy of KetamineDexmedetomidine versus Ketamine-Propofol Combination for Short-term Sedation in Postoperative Obstetric Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Raj Anchal , Singh Vipin Kumar , Tiwari Tanmay , Sahu Sandeep
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Prolonged mechanical ventilation in postoperative obstetric patients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Choosing intravenous sedation for these patients is challenging, as many of these drugs have unique benefits and adverse effects.There are several options are available like benzodiazepines, propofol, alfa-2 agonist, opioids and ketamine. Usually, a combination of sedatives are used to avoid dose dependent adverse effects. Aim: To evaluate the combination of Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine (KD) and ketamine-propofol for sedation in mechanically ventilated obstetric patients to compare haemodynamic changes. Secondary objectives to assess adverse effects if any, additional opioid (fentanyl) requirement and total length of intensive care unit stay. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, from May 2018 to August 2019. Total 67 obstetric patients, between 18-45 years of age, requiring postoperative ventilatory support, were included in the study. For sedation, 33 patient received ketamine-dexmedetomidine (group I) combination and 34 patients received ketamine-propofol (group II) combination upto 12 hours of ventilatory support. Target of sedation was to obtain Ramsay sedation scoring between 3-4. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) was measured at 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and at every 2 hourly till 12 hours. Pain was assessed using adult non verbal pain score. Adverse effects (tachyarrhythmia, agitation and hypersalivation) were noted. Total length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay was also recorded. Results: Age of patients enrolled in the study ranged from 20 to 37 years, the mean age being 27.09±4.61 years. At baseline mean arterial pressure of patients of group I (103.82±19.26 mmHg) was higher than that of group II (96.74±13.49 mmHg) (p-value=0.085). For the rest of the periods of observation, from 0.5 hour to 14 hour,the MAP of group I remained higher as compared to group II. On intragroup comparison, group II had more fluctuation in MAP than group I. Additional requirement of fentanyl was significantly high in Group II, as compared to group I (32.4% vs. 12.1%). Mean duration of ICU stay was higher in group II, as compared to group I (30.44±7.26 hours vs 22.91±4.03 hours). Conclusion: Ketamine-dexmedetomidine is a better combination for sedation in postoperated obstetric patients on mechanical ventilation than ketamine-propofol as it provides stable haemodynamics, significantly lesser opioid requirement andtotal length of ICU stay.
Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease among Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Kumar Saha Santosh , Modak Kastury , Kanti Dan Kazal , Nasir Uddin Syed , Abdullah Al Mamun Mohammad , Nahar Choudhury Kamrun
Published: April 2022

Aims: The prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is estimated to be higher in developing countries like Bangladesh than in developed countries, ranging from 24/1,000 to 0.3/1,000 respectively. There is no authentic national data since 2005 on prevalence of RHD in our country. Aim of this study is to find out present status of RHD among children in Bangladesh so that government can take further action to strengthen RHD prevention activity.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 5–15 years from 20 schools of urban non slum, urban slum and rural area was carried out by a team of cardiologists. Children were screened by clinical examination and diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography. Children who were not willing to enroll in the study and absent students at the day of data collection were excluded from the study. Ethical permission was taken from the institutional review board.

Results: Total 5024 school children aged 5 to 15 years were screened for rheumatic heart disease. Male female ratio was 1.01. Prevalence of RF and RHD were 1.6/1000 and 0.8/1000 respectively. Prevalence of RHD was significantly higher among urban slum children (3.78/1000) than rural (0.33/1000) and urban non slum children (0.66/1000).

Conclusion: The encouraging observation in our study is a decreasing trend of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Bangladesh
An Overview of Biodiversity in Bhutan
Authors: Kumar Nepal Tej
Published: April 2022

Bhutan is included in the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. Because the country's total forest cover surpasses 70%, the exclusive hotspot is a paradise for rich biological diversity. Some of the world's most endangered species can be found in Bhutan's five national parks, four wildlife sanctuaries, one strict nature reserve, a network of biological corridors, and even outside the Protected Areas. The country’s documentation of its rich flora and fauna is in the early stage, and to document the biological diversity in Bhutan, more research needs to be carried out. Bhutan’s biodiversity faces a major threat from anthropogenic activities and climate change.
Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to Nitrogen Levels in Irrigated Areas in Somalia
Authors: Nuur Ismaan Hassan , Mayow M. H. , Abdirahim Muse Husni , Hasan Yusuf , H. Omar (Miirkey) Hassan Mohamed , H. Husien (Akiila) Omar
Published: April 2022

Aims: SARTEC conducted an experimental study with the objective of determining the effects of various nitrogen rates on sunflower growth and yield in the Afgoi district, Lower Shabelle region.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the SARTEC experimental farm in Afgoi during the Der season of 2020. The experiment used a Russian kind of sunflower and was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and four plots for each. The crop was fertilized with different rates of N at 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, with a control/unfertilized plot included in each of the replications. Plant height, head diameter, hundred-seed weight, seed, straw, and biological yield, as well as harvest index, were all measured on five plants from each plot for data collection.

Results: The different fertilizer rates applied to the sunflower crop resulted in highly significant variations in yield and yield components. Seed-related parameters like seed weight and seed yield were influenced substantially more than other variables, including plant height; stem diameter, head diameter, and straw yield. Despite having the highest seed yield, plots with 150 kg of N ha-1 were not more cost-effective than plots with 100 kg ha-1.

Conclusion: In Somalia, 100 kg of N per hectare is the ideal rate for maximizing sunflower revenue and production while adhering to best management practices.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake, Unmet Need and Reported Side Effect in Nigeria: An Online Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Eniade Olanrewaju D. , Omowumi Okedare , Olarinmoye Abayomi T. , Olasunkanmi Yusuff , Otovwe Agofure , Akintunde Funke , Aniyeloye Adebukola
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc in Nigeria, with more cases and deaths reported every day. However, vaccine development and uptake are believed to aid the fight against this outbreak.  We investigated vaccine uptake, unmet need for vaccine, and reported side effects among the populace.

An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 adults from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria using the online data collection tool, Kobo-toolbox. We obtained information on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccine uptake, unmet need, and related side effects of COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were done using Stata MP 16.

The mean age of the respondents was 32.1 ± 10.7 years. About half (49.9%) were below 30 years of age. Majority were females (63.1%), Christians (89.2%), and urban dwellers (74.6%). Majority (89.2%) of respondents know that vaccines are beneficial to health, and 41.2% have received the COVD-19 vaccine. Unmet need for COVID-19 vaccine was 74.3% and herd immunity was estimated as 93.1%. Respondents working in the private sector (AOR=0.32, 95% CI=0.11-0.90), and who said COVID-19 vaccine is not beneficial to health (AOR=0.04, 95% CI=0.01-0.29) were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine, while those who have tested for COVID-19 (AOR=3.93, 95%CI=1.98-7.84) have a higher likelihood of receiving COVID-19 vaccine.

Continuous awareness for COVID-19 vaccine is needed. The government needs to persistently assure citizens of the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Also, this study recommends that the administration of a highly effective vaccine would result in achievable herd immunity and curb the transmission of COVID-19 virus.
Effect of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Local Aman Rice Cultivar
Authors: Tarek Md. Khalid Hasan , Biswas Mrityunjoy , Miah Mohammad Noor Hossain , Hoque Mozammel , Chowdhury Akhi Paul , Foysal Md. Rafat Al
Published: April 2022

To identify suitable nitrogen management practices for local fine and aromatic rice cultivars an experiment was carried out at Farmer’s field at Jointapur, Sylhet region of Bangladesh during the period from August 2017 to December 2017. The experiment was replicated thrice in randomized complete block design assigning factor A: rice cultivars viz. Beruin (V1), Moinasail (V2),  Nagrasail (V3) and, BRRI dhan49 (Control, check variety) (V4) and factor B: N sources viz. N 100% chemical (F1) , 50% N from FYM + 50% from Urea (F2) , 50% N from Vermicompost+ 50% from Urea (F3) and farmers practice (F4). Nutrients P,K, S and Zn (100%) were supplied from chemical sources of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively. Only N was supplied from different organic and inorganic (urea) sources. Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 140-33-38 kg ha-1 of NPK for farmers’ practice, 90-15-60-12-1 kg ha-1 N, P, K, S and Zn for the variety of BRRI dhan49 and 45-9-33-9-1 kg ha-1 N, P, K, S and Zn for 3 local rice varieties. The results indicate that, BRRI dhan49 (V4) gave the highest yield (2.97 t ha-1) among the varieties. Among the local varieties Nagrasail (V3) gave the highest yield (2.24 t ha-1). In case of farmers practice, highest grain yield was obtained F4 (3.50t ha-1) followed by F1 (2.32 t ha-1). Interaction effect also revealed, the highest grain yield (3.23 t ha-1) in (V4× F4). Among the local varieties Nagrasail gave highest grain yield (2.58 t ha-1) along with F4. Farmer’s practice fertilizer management is a promising option, and Nagrasailis the best one for local T. aman cultivars cultivation in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Thiruvallur District: A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study
Authors: Jain Prerna
Published: April 2022

Oral health is an essential and important component that is involved in the total health and well-being of an individual. It affects various aspects of a person's health status such as the quality of life including self-esteem, ability to masticate, speak and various other levels of routine activities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in a particular district since the obtained results can serve as a guide in assessing the current practice as well as planning of additional education about early childhood caries. This prospective study was done among children in Saveetha dental college from June 2019 to December 2019.  A total sample size of 181 patients were included as part of the study which consisted of both male and female participants. The inclusion criteria for the study was that the child should be within the age group of 3-6 years of age, and should be from Thiruvallur district . A total of 181 children were studied as part of the present study of 3-6 years of age out of which 92 (50.8%) candidates were males and 89 (49.2%) candidates were females. In the age groups of 3-4 years, 4-5 years and 5-6 years the number of candidates that were examined were 70 ( 38.6%), 54 ( 29.8%) and 57 (31.4%) respectively. As a conclusive aspect it is important to take care of oral health and appropriate policies are to be adopted and incorporated for the betterment of the society.
Positioning psychiatric pharmacists to improve mental health care
Authors: Dopheide Julie A. , Werremeyer Amy , Haight Robert J. , Gutierrez Cynthia A. , Williams Andrew M.
Published: April 2022

Psychiatric pharmacy continues to grow and look to the future with a focus on helping individuals recover from mental health and substance use disorders. The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP) considers Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) the gold standard credential that all psychiatric pharmacists should attain to demonstrate specialized knowledge and expertise in psychiatry. BCPPs are part of collaborative interprofessional teams and practice in hospitals, clinics, and diverse health systems. Two out of 3 BCPPs practicing in clinics have prescriptive authority. BCPPs improve access, safety, medication adherence, and therapeutic outcomes. Every person with a mental health and substance use disorder should have access to a BCPP providing comprehensive medication management (CMM) and psychotropic stewardship aimed at improving population health. BCPPs are in demand owing to their expertise. AAPP envisions growth and expansion of the BCPP role in many areas including coordinating psychiatric transitions of care and telehealth services, managing long-acting injectable medication clinics, providing pharmacogenomic consultation, conducting clozapine and lithium monitoring, managing medications for substance use disorders, leading medication groups, CNS drug development, research, and provider education. To prepare the workforce, colleges and schools of pharmacy should hire BCPPs for optimal curriculum development, and each student pharmacist should have an opportunity to develop a therapeutic alliance with a person recovering from psychiatric illness. Postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residencies should offer learning experiences in psychiatric pharmacy to prepare residents to enter an expanded number of PGY2 psychiatric pharmacy residencies, ultimately earning their BCPP and being well positioned to improve mental health care.
High Configuration Entropy Activated Lattice Oxygen for O2 Formation on Perovskite Electrocatalyst
Authors: Tang Lina , Yang Yanling , Guo Hongquan , Wang Yue , Wang Mengjie , Liu Zuoqing , Yang Guangming , Fu Xianzhu , Luo Yang , Jiang Chenxing , Zhao Yingru , Shao Zongping , Sun Yifei
Published: April 2022

The single‐phase oxides with elemental complexity and compositional diversity, usually named high entropy oxides, feature homogeneously dispersed multi‐metallic elements in equiatomic concentration. The unusual properties of high entropy oxides endow their potential application in clean‐energy‐related electrocatalysis. However, the possible fundamental relationship between configuration entropy and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still not well understood and established. Herein, a high entropy perovskite cobaltate consisting of five equimolar metals in the B‐site (Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) is employed as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The configuration entropy serves as an effective tool to promote the intrinsic activity of the Co reactive site and manipulate the OER mechanism. The high entropy cobaltate demonstrates a lower overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, outperforming other counterparts. The X‐ray spectroscopies disclose the synergistic charge‐exchange effect among different cations and the formation of a new oxygen hole state. Combinatorially computational and experimental results unveil the enigma that the high configuration entropy leads to the random occupation of cations, facilitates the surface reconstruction, and benefits the formation of stable surface oxygen vacancies. Owing to these merits, the O2 formation is found to be kinetically favorable via the lattice oxygen mechanism.
Emerging Materials and Designs for Low‐ and Multi‐Band Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers: The Search for Dielectric and Magnetic Synergy?
Authors: Cheng Junye , Zhang Huibin , Ning Mingqiang , Raza Hassan , Zhang Deqing , Zheng Guangping , Zheng Qingbin , Che Renchao
Published: April 2022

Vigorous development of 5G communication technologies can boost mobile networks yet bring in electromagnetic interferences and safety concerns in utilizing electronic devices. Particularly, 5G network can not only involve a low‐frequency band of n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz) but also cover multi‐frequency bands of n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz) and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz), displaying multiple electromagnetic radiations. Countless efforts have been devoted to investigating electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with low‐ and multi‐band absorption properties. However, in terms of emerging materials and designs, few reports propose the mechanisms related to those properties. This perspective briefly reviews the impressive achievements of low‐ and multi‐frequency EMW absorbers and analyzes the design strategies that may enable low‐ and multi‐frequency absorption. Furthermore, the cutting‐edge mechanisms of corresponding electromagnetic responses, such as Snoek limit, quarter wavelength, and dielectric‐magnetic synergy effects are elaborated. Thus, this perspective can shed light on the new trends and ongoing challenges for EMW absorbers and further promote their practical application.
Photodetectors Based on Lead Sulfide Quantum Dot and Organic Absorbers for Multispectral Sensing in the Visible to Short‐Wave Infrared Range
Authors: Pejović Vladimir , Georgitzikis Epimitheas , Lieberman Itai , Malinowski Paweł E. , Heremans Paul , Cheyns David
Published: April 2022

Multispectral imaging in short‐wave infrared (SWIR) is a powerful analytical technique because of the distinctive spectral properties of many materials in this range. However, conventional SWIR image sensors are beyond the reach of many applications due to their high price. Image sensors based on colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are expected to deliver affordable infrared image sensors to wider application scope. So far, the demonstrated CQD image sensors do not have a multispectral capability. Here, a dual‐band photodetector based on PbS CQDs is presented. By engineering the surface of CQDs, two oppositely facing pn junctions are fabricated in series, which enable sensing in two spectral channels. Furthermore, an optical cavity is designed that reduces the spectral crosstalk between the two channels and simultaneously enables wavelength‐tunability in one channel. Finally, an organic photodiode (OPD) is integrated with a PbS CQD photodiode in a single device, leveraging a high sensitivity in visible and near‐infrared (NIR) characteristics for OPDs. The presented photodetectors exhibit low dark current below 500 nA cm−2 at 1 V bias, a fast response measured in microseconds, as well as high external quantum efficiency, reaching 70% in NIR and 30% in SWIR.
In Situ Cross‐Linked Plastic Crystal Electrolytes for Wide‐Temperature and High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Aoxuan , Geng Shouxian , Zhao Zhengfei , Hu Zhenglin , Luo Jiayan
Published: April 2022

The development of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries has been significantly hampered mainly due to the poor electrolyte–electrode compatibility, narrow operating temperature range, and stringent safety concerns of conventional electrolytes. Here, an in situ cross‐linked plastic crystal‐based electrolyte (CPCE) with an optimized composition design is proposed. Based on the interaction of succinonitrile (SN) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) with polar carbonyl groups, CPCE delivers well‐tuned energy levels and a concentrated coordination structure, leading to an improved electrochemical window and stable electrode–electrolyte interface. In addition, the crystallization of SN molecules is also inhibited, ensuring suitable ion migration in bulky CPCE over a wide temperature range. Moreover, both the nonleakage of cross‐linked ETPTA and the nonflammability of the plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE) further reinforce the safety of CPCE. As a result, the well‐designed CPCE achieves high ion conductivity with a wide electrochemical window (≈5.4 V vs Li+/Li) and a broad operating temperature range (−20 to 100 °C). It also delivers dendrite‐free lithium plating with high Coulombic efficiency of up to ≈99.1%. The Cu|CPCE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 anode‐free pouch cell exhibits high energy density (≈1520 Wh L‐1) and high safety during abuse tests. This study paves a new pathway to realize the practical application of high‐energy‐density lithium metal battery energy storage systems.
Ultrathin Van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrTe3 for Fabrication of In‐Plane CrTe3/CrTe2 Monolayer Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Yao Jie , Wang Han , Yuan Bingkai , Hu Zhenpeng , Wu Changzheng , Zhao Aidi
Published: April 2022

Ultrathin van der Waals (vdW) magnets are heavily pursued for potential applications in developing high‐density miniaturized electronic/spintronic devices as well as for topological physics in low‐dimensional structures. Despite the rapid advances in ultrathin ferromagnetic vdW magnets, the antiferromagnetic counterparts, as well as the antiferromagnetic junctions, are much less studied owing to the difficulties in both material fabrication and magnetism characterization. Ultrathin CrTe3 layers have been theoretically proposed to be a vdW antiferromagnetic semiconductor with intrinsic intralayer antiferromagnetism. Herein, the epitaxial growth of monolayer (ML) and bilayer CrTe3 on graphite surface is demonstrated. The structure, electronic and magnetic properties of the ML CrTe3 are characterized by combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and non‐contact atomic force microscopy and confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The CrTe3 MLs can be further utilized for the fabrication of a lateral heterojunction consisting of ML CrTe2 and ML CrTe3 with an atomically sharp and seamless interface. Since ML CrTe2 is a metallic vdW magnet, such a heterostructure presents the first in‐plane magnetic metal–semiconductor heterojunction made of two vdW materials. The successful fabrication of ultrathin antiferromagnetic CrTe3, as well as the magnetic heterojunction, will stimulate the development of miniaturized antiferromagnetic spintronic devices based on vdW materials.