bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pellucid approach for PBL using Advanced Mind Mapping
Authors:   Center for Design, SR University, Warangal, Telangana, India, Alok Govil , Govil Vidushi ,   Blue Blocks Complete School, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Srikar K. , Reddy V. Srujana , Lohith M.
Published: January 2021

Engineering education has been revamping its curriculum and teaching methods lately to accompany innovation engineering to aid the fourth industrial revolution. In order to bring efficacious outputs among engineering students and setting up benchmarks in a technological environment to grow as an entrepreneur, a new effective and efficient curriculum infusing design, engineering and technology is sustainably developed. The study explores various dimensions of innovative curriculum and its role in nurturing freshman�s perspectives in engineering and its applications are projected using activitybased methods to develop their cognitive psyche. Among many tools, mind mapping has provided a lucid illustration, both in visual and cognitive aspects. These tools were explored in a course introduced in the third year as design thinking and innovation for about 42 students. The primary focus has been to impart design thinking skills thereby making them visionary with a wider perception. The effectiveness of the course was assessed by the surveys and feedbacks and the efficiency from the results obtained by considering pre and post classroom activities. Mind mapping is considered as one of the simplest tools which can be used from primary to master level with ease. The intent of the students and ideations itself prove the efficacy of the tool and its importance in education.
Katarakt Cerrahisi Sonrası Endoftalmiyi Önlemede Ön Kamaraya Sefuroksim İle Moksifloksasin Uygulamasının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÇELİK Gökhan , SANİSOĞLU Hüseyin
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Katarakt cerrahisi bitiminde ön kamaraya sefuroksim ve moksifloksasin verilen olguların ameliyat sonrası dönemde görme keskinliklerini (GK), göz içi basınç değerlerini (GB), endotel hücre sayılarını ve ön kamara hücre sayılarını değerlendirmek.

Metod: Çalışma kapsamında .......................................Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Göz Kliniği’nde Mart 2008-Mart 2009 tarihleri arasında katarakt cerrahisi gerçekleştirilen ve ameliyat sonrasında göz içerisine sefuroksim veya moksifloksasin verilen 42 hastanın 55 gözü değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası görme keskinlikleri , göz içi basınç değerleri , endotel hücre sayıları ve ön kamara hücre sayıları kaydedilmiştir.

Bulgular: Hastaların 20’si erkek 22’si kadındı. yaş ortalamaları 52.18±4.25 idi. Birinci ve İkinci grup hastaların yaş ort. sırasıyla 43.34±7.19 ve 60.1±4.72idi. Birinci grupta 21 hastanın 26 gözü, ikinci grupta 21 hastanın 29 gözü değerlendirildi. Her iki grupta yaş, takip süresi, ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası GK ve GİB değerleri, endotel hücre sayısı, ön kamara hücre miktarı ve takip süresi açısından istatistiksel olarak farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).

Sonuç: Endoftalmi profilaksisi için katarakt ameliyatı sonrası ön kamaraya sefuroksim ve moksifloksasin verilen hastalar arasında ameliyat sonrası GK, GİB, ön kamara hücre sayısı ve endoteli hücre sayıları açısından anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir.
Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Piauí: frequência de espécies de micobactérias e aspectos epidemiológicos, 2014-2015
Authors: De Almeida Silvia Maria
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Knowledge about species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) is an important issue in rural-urban regions such as Piauí (northeast of Brazil), of low incidence rate of TB , can help to improve diagnosis and prevention strategies. The aim of this study is to examine some epidemiological aspects and the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and NTM isolated at the central public health reference laboratory, Dr. Costa Alvarenga, Piauí (LACEN-PI). Methods: Data records of all mycobacterosis and tuberculosis cases from January 2014 to March 2015 were analyzed. Results : Of the 20% (142/706) positive growths, 70% (99) were Mtb and 10% NTM. The remainde was of inadequate clinical samples, not allowing the identification of even the suspected NTM. The most frequent clinical form was pulmonary with TB patients younger than those infected with NTM (p = 0.001), the majority living in Teresina (52%). NTMs identified were M. abscessus (36%), M. avium, M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium sp. (14% each) and M. asiaticum, M. szulgai, M. kansasii 7% (each). Mtb drug resistance (7.8%) and TB co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-TB) found to be high (49%, 19/39) . Conclusion: The frequencies of Mtb infection, drug resistance and HIV-TB co-infection are still underestimated and failures in the identification of NTM may decrease the actual frequency of these infections. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in TB control and in the diagnosis of NTMs in Piauí.
Os alunos das redes pública e particular do Ceará em tempos de pandemia na visão dos professores de línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Turolo da Silva Andreia , Dutra da Mota Albert Cristian , Brito Nobre Náyla Naira , Bezerra de Freitas Ferreira Yana Valéria
Published: January 2021

Este é um estudo de caráter diagnóstico e de natureza qualitativa que teve como objetivo verificar a adesão dos alunos das redes pública e particular às atividades das disciplinas de língua estrangeira propostas no modo remoto como forma de ensino emergencial durante os meses iniciais da pandemia no estado do Ceará e as razões que pudessem justificar a adesão satisfatória, baixa ou ausência dos estudantes do ponto de vista dos professores. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário no formato digital, que foi respondido por duzentos professores de língua inglesa e espanhola oriundos de vários municípios do estado, além da capital, Fortaleza. O questionário foi respondido de forma anônima e voluntária a partir de grupos on-line de professores de idiomas do estado e as respostas apontaram para uma adesão satisfatória dos estudantes da rede privada, justificada pelas condições estruturais e familiares favoráveis, além do hábito dos estudantes de lidar com tecnologias digitais anterior à pandemia. Na rede pública, os professores avaliaram a adesão dos estudantes como média-baixa e a justificaram pela carência de condições estruturais e familiares dos estudantes, além da dificuldade de lidar com tecnologias, principalmente pela falta de hábito e baixa autonomia. Entre outros fatores que os professores apontaram como desejáveis para o bom ensino no modo remoto emergencial, o apoio da família foi destacado como meio de compensar a falta de autonomia dos estudantes.
Business english: Como candidatar-se para uma vaga de emprego fora do Brasil ou em empresas multinacionais
Authors: Marafon Francielly Rosa , Saldanha Vicente Henrique Brückmann , Pasca Maria Alejandra Saraiva
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor as atividades, experiências e informações observadas e coletadas em sala de aula virtual de inglês de maio a agosto de 2020. Considerando a pandemia atual em virtude do novo Coronavírus, nos encontramos em situação grave de isolamento social. Por isso, o curso livre Idiomas Four, localizado em Canoas/RS, passou a utilizar ferramentas da plataforma online Google, como o Hangouts e o Google Meet para a realização de aulas síncronas. O projeto aqui descrito foi aplicado em uma turma de adultos de nível intermediário de inglês, com atividades e conteúdo que contemplam o vocabulário e as formalidades do inglês para negócios, como por exemplo, entrevistas de emprego, currículos, cartas de apresentação. Além de trabalhar o vocabulário de inglês para negócios, o objetivo do projeto era motivar os estudantes a melhorar sua produção e compreensão oral na língua inglesa. Após a aplicação do projeto, observou-se o progresso significativo dos alunos quanto a sua produção oral e escrita formal, como também uma maior familiarização do grupo com questões que envolvem concorrer a vagas de emprego que exigem o conhecimento da língua inglesa.
Projeto interdisciplinar e desenvolvimento da aprendizagem na EJA em tempos de COVID-19: uma análise crítico-reflexiva
Authors: Alves Wanderleya Magna , Vieira da Silva Francisco , Rocha Bessa José Cezinaldo
Published: January 2021

Como forma de refletir sobre o ensino no contexto pandêmico, este trabalho objetiva realizar uma leitura crítico-reflexiva de uma proposta de ensino formalizada em um projeto interdisciplinar construído para o III segmento da EJA do Ensino Médio por professores da área de linguagens de uma escola pública. Como ancoragem teórica, a investigação assume o diálogo com trabalhos que abordam a questão do ensino de EJA (ARROYO, 2006; CAPUCHO, 2012), a pedagogia dos projetos (HERNÁNDEZ, 1998; HERNÁNDEZ, VENTURA, 2017) e a interdisciplinaridade (SOUZA; FAZENDA, 2017; PERNAMBUCO et al., 2013; dentre outros). O exame do projeto interdisciplinar recortado para estudo assume um olhar interpretativo e uma abordagem qualitativa. A análise realizada aponta que diante de tantas novidades, demandas e habilidades a serem desenvolvidas por professores e alunos no contexto pandêmico, a realização de um projeto interdisciplinar na EJA com os propósitos pretendidos constitui-se um desafio para o qual a superação de possíveis percalços em sua execução pode resultar não apenas da concepção mediante o trabalho coletivo, mas sobretudo da formação teórica de cada professor para planejar e adequar processos de ensino e de aprendizagem bem delineados, consistentes e exequíveis.
Büyük Selçuklu Ordusunun Malazgirt’e (1071) Giden Güzergahı
Authors: YENİDOĞAN Hasan
Published: January 2021

Büyük Selçuklular Alparslan önderliğinde 26 Ağustos 1071 tarihinde meydana gelen Malazgirt meydan muharebesinde Bizans ordusunu yenerek o güne kadar İslam tarihinde eşine rastlanmayan bir zafer elde etmişti. Sultan Alparslan, 1071 yılının mayıs ayında Halep’i kuşatırken Bizans İmparatoru Romen Dioneges’ın üç yüz bin kişilik ordusu ile harekete geçtiği haberini öğrenince haremini veziri Nizamü’l-mülk ile Tebriz (ya da Hamedan)’a göndermiş ve vezirine buralardan asker toplaması emrini vermişti. Sultan’ın kendisi ise ihtiyaç duyduğu askeri toplayarak Malazgirt ovasına varmıştı. Nizamü’l-mülk’ün topladığı destek birlikler ise İran’dan yola çıkarak Malazgirt’e varmıştı. Çalışmada Sultan’ın ve İran’dan gelen destek birliklerin hangi güzergâh üzerinden savaş meydanına ulaştığı üzerinde durulmuştur. İlk bölümde, Bizanslıların ve Selçukluların kullandığı yolların ortaya çıkışından bahsedilmiş, ardından, Hükümdarların bu yolların bakım, onarım ve yenileme işine vermiş olduğu öneme değinilmiştir. Sonra, sefere çıkan Büyük Selçuklu ordusunun yollardan rahatça ilerleyebilmesi için yolların bakımından sorumlu görevlilerden bahsedilmiştir. Ardından, kara yolu dışında nehir yollarının hem taşımacılıkta hem de lojistikte kullanımı hakkında detaylar verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise tarihi veriler ışığında Sultan Alparslan’ın ve destek birliklerin ilerlediği muhtemel güzergahların tespiti yapılmıştır. Tespit edilen bu güzergâhlar haritalandırılarak yolların daha iyi anlaşılması sağlanmıştır.
Haçlı Seferlerinin Görgü Tanığı Bahâeddin İbn Şeddâd’ın “en-Nevâdirü’s-sultâniyye ve’l-mehâsinü’l Yûsufiyye” Adlı Eserinde Akkâ Savaşları”
Authors: ÇAPAN Fatma
Published: January 2021

Doğu Roma İmparatoru I. Aleksios Komnenos Türkleri Anadolu’dan atmak amacıyla büyük bir ordu kurmak için batıdan ücretli askerler talep etmiştir. Bu talebi büyük bir fırsata çevirmek ve Hristiyan dünyasının tek lideri olmak isteyen Papa II. Urbanus ise Kudüs’teki Hıristiyanların Müslümanlar tarafından zulme uğratıldığı gerekçesiyle Haçlı Seferleri çağrısı yapmıştır. Bu çağrı üzerine yapılan I. Haçlı Seferi sonunda Urfa, Antakya, Kudüs gibi önemli stratejik bölgelerde haçlı kontlukları kurulmuştur. Ancak Sultan Selâhaddin Eyyubî Hıttîn Savaşı sonrasında 2 Ekim 1187 tarihinde Kudüs’e girmeyi başarmış ve 88 yıl süren haçlı hakimiyetine son vermiştir. Bu durum batıda oldukça büyük bir şok ve korkuya neden olmuştur. Bunun üzerine Kudüs’ün ele geçirilmesi için Papa VIII. Gregorius tarafından yeni bir haçlı seferi çağrısı yapılmıştır. Bu çağrıya Almanya, Fransa ve İngiltere kralları olumlu cevap vererek yola çıkmıştır. Ancak Alman Kralı Friedrich Barbarossa yolda hayatını kaybetmiş ve orduları dağılmıştır. İngiltere ve Fransa kralları ise aralarındaki anlaşmazlıklar nedeniyle dört yıl sonra sefere çıkabilmiştir. Doğudaki haçlılar ise Kudüs’ü yeniden ele geçirmek için mücadelelerine devam etmiştir. Bu sırada Kral Guy tarafından Kudüs’e giden yolda önemli bir liman kenti olan Akkâ ele geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır.Ancak Sultan Selâhaddin şehri korumak için başlangıçta haçlılara karşı başarılı mücadeleler vermesine rağmen Fransa ve İngiltere krallarının yardıma gelmesiyle güçlenen haçlı orduları karşısında başarı elde edememiştir ve Akkâ şehri yeniden haçlıların eline geçmiştir.
Hastanelerde Emniyet Stoku Seviyesinin ve Yeniden Sipariş Noktasının Olasılıklı Stok Modeli ile Belirlenmesi: Bir Kamu Hastanesi Örneği
Authors: PARILDAR Orhan , AKYÜREK Çağdaş Erkan
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın konusu diğer işletmeleri olduğu gibi hastaneleri de çok yakından ilgilendiren etkili stok yönetimidir. Bu bağlamda kamu hastanelerinde tıbbi malzemelerin stok kontrolünde önem derecelerine göre gruplandırılması ve devamında belirlenen gruplardan rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen tıbbi malzemelerin hastanede dönem başında elde bulunması gereken emniyet stok miktarlarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmanın gerçekleştirildiği hastaneden, seçilen tıbbi malzemelere dair veriler alınarak ABC, VED yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarından yararlanarak IBM SPSS 20 paket programı aracılığıyla A-V grubu malzemelerin talep dağılımının normal dağılım gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Olasılıklı stok modelindeki varsayımlara uygun matematiksel denklem kullanılarak dönem başında elde bulundurulması gereken emniyet stoku miktarları ve yeniden sipariş noktası hesaplanmıştır. Ardından belirlenen servis düzeylerinde toplam emniyet stok tutma maliyetleri de hesaplanarak karar vericiye her bir servis düzeyinde maliyet tabanlı alternatif çözümler sunulmuştur.
Entelektüel Sermaye Etkinliğinin Önceliklendirilmesinde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Modellerinin Kullanılması: Bir Sağlık Hizmetleri Sektörü Örneği
Authors: AKGÜN Ali İhsan , GÜNAY Burhan
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Sağlık Hizmetleri Sektörünün entelektüel sermayesinin etkinliğini etkileyen önemli faktörleri bulmak için çok kriterli karar verme modellerine dayalı performans analizlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu makalenin önerilen modeli, literatürde mevcut olan ve farklı kriterlere göre önceliklendirilen farklı faktörleri göz önünde bulundurmaktadır. Çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’ da işlem gören sağlık işletmelerinin yedi yıl boyunca yıllık finansal raporlarından elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Entelektüel sermayenin verimli kullanımı ile kurumsal performans arasındaki ilişki, entelektüel sermayenin etkinliğinin unsurları olarak beşerî sermaye, yapısal sermaye ve ilişkisel sermayenin pratik kullanımı yoluyla incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, entelektüel sermayenin etkinliği ve unsurları olan insan sermayesi etkinliği, yapısal sermaye etkinliği ve ilişkisel sermayenin etkinliğini ölçmek için Pulic (2000) tarafından önerilen Katma Değerli Entelektüel Etkinlik (VAIC) modeli kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, entelektüel sermayenin etkinliğinin, şirket performansı ölçütlerinden daha önemli bir olgu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Maastricht Kriterleri Avrupa Birliği’nin Geleceğinin Teminatı mı? Almanya - Britanya - İspanya - Yunanistan Analizi (1998-2018)
Authors: BEKTAŞ Çağdaş , SARAÇ Özgür
Published: January 2021

Aslında birer Yakınsama Kriteri olma özelliği gösteren Maastricht Kriterleri, kurallı maliye politikasının en somut ve bir o kadar da popüler örneği konumundadır. Mali kurallar, kamusal kaynakları kullanan politikacıları sınırlandırma özelliğinin yanı sıra makroekonomik performansın iyileştirilmesini hedef alır. İkinci tipe örnek olan Maastricht Kriterleri, ikisi mali ve üçü iktisadi özellik gösteren toplam beş kuraldan oluşur. Devletlerin sergilediği performansların kurallara uymaması, yani yaşanan kuralsızlık, çeşitli yaptırımlara tabidir. Çalışmada seçilen dört ülkenin yirmi yıl boyunca sergilediği performanslar incelenmiştir. Buna göre, varsa oluşan sapmalar, nedenleriyle ele alınarak ne gibi yaptırımlar uygulandığı araştırılmış ve ulaşılan bilgiler ışığında Maastricht Kriterleri’nin Avrupa Birliği’nin geleceği için bir tür teminat olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Optimal Rezerv Düzeyini Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Yeni Göstergeler: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz
Authors: KILCI Esra N.
Published: January 2021

2008-09 Küresel Finansal Krizi ile birlikte, rezervlerin yeterliliğinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla kullanılan geleneksel yöntemlerin kısmen yetersiz kalması ve genellikle birbiriyle çelişen sinyaller vermesi, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler ve düşük gelir düzeyine sahip ülkeler için, ülkelere özgü dinamiklerin göz önünde bulundurularak, geleneksel yöntemlerde odaklanılan riskleri çok yönlü ele alan yeni bir metriğin geliştirilmesi ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye için, Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) tarafından, rezerv yeterliliğinin tespit edilmesine yönelik geliştirilen yeni metriğin kullanılarak, rezervlerin yeterliliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma dönemi, 2005:Ç42019:Ç4 dönemi verilerini kapsamaktadır. Analizde, Im vd. (2014) tarafından geliştirilen, RALS (Residual Augmented Least Squares) ADF birimkök testi kullanılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları, Türkiye’de, söz konusu dönemde rezervlerin yeterli olduğunu; diğer yandan istikrarlı bir trende sahip olmadığını göstermektedir.
Item generation and content validation of domains with item pool for the individual with knee osteoarthritis: a mixed-method study
Authors: Samuel Asir John , Kanimozhi Durairaj
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION: There are several scales to evaluate subjective perceptions and individual components in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (IKOA). Till date, no scale is available to measure the combined balance, mobility, ADL and QoL in IKOA based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to generate items and domains related to problems faced by IKOA and to validate the content by experts. METHODS: The domains and items were generated through extensive literature search (ELS) to extract items related to symptoms, balance, mobility, ADL and QoL in IKOA based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and through in-depth direct interview (IDDI) from 13 IKOA and three experts. The content validation of domains and items generated were validated by 10 experts through online Delphi survey. Minimum item-level content validation index (I-CVI) of 0.80 was considered to validate the identified items and the overall scale-level content validation index (S-CVI) of 0.90 was fixed to validate the generated items to use in scale development process. RESULTS: 117 items generated by IDDI and ELS were grouped under 18 domains initially. Content validation by Delphi method resulted in reduction with 56 item pool being grouped under the 14 domains with SCVI is 0.93. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction item pool for IKOA under the proposed domains, have been developed and content validated. These items are recommended for their use in development of new comprehensive knee osteoarthritis index scale (CKOAI).
The Relationship Between Preschool Children’s Social Competence Skills and Their Ability to Communicate With Their Mothers
Authors: DERE ÇİFTÇİ Hale , CEYLAN Remziye , GÖK ÇOLAK Feride
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between four to five year old children’s social competence levels and their ability to communicate with their mothers. Social competence has an important role in developing positive relationships in children's lives. One of the most important factors in the development of social competence in children is the communication they have with their mothers. In the study, one of the general survey models, “relational survey model” was used. The study group consisted of 323 children attending public kindergartens in Istanbul. General Information Form, Social Competence and Behavior Assessment Scale and Parent-Child Communication Assessment Tool were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were calculated via examining the data distribution. In order to determine the relationships between preschool children's mothers’ communication and social competence, Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. At the end of the study, it was observed that children’s social competence average was high, and the mean of inward and outward oriented problems were close and low. Besides, there was a negative and high-level correlation between total social competence scores and inward oriented and outward oriented problems. Considering mothers’ communication with their children, there was a positive and high-level relationship between the empathy and speech dimensions. While there was no significant relationship between the total scores of children's social competence levels and their relationship with their mothers, some significant relationships were determined regarding sub-dimensions. These results of the present study show that mothers’ communication skills such as empathy, speaking, listening and conveying messages are effective in increasing children's social competence skills and reduce behavioral problems.
The Digital Economy of BRICS: Prospects for Multilateral Cooperation
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ignatov Aleksandr
Published: January 2021

The growth of the digital economy has become the most significant trend in global development. The digital economy creates new impetuses for economic growth, but at the same time it deepens global inequality and impacts the growth of countries of the global South. The role of global governance institutions such as the BRICS grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — the main representative of developing countries in global governance — in the promotion of digital growth has not yet been fully explored. There is also some ambiguity concerning the development level of the digital economy in particular countries. In the context of Russia’s third BRICS presidency in 2020, issues of digital development in BRICS have become particularly relevant. The author analyzes current indicators of digital development in the BRICS countries, drawing on several existing methodologies, ratings, and decisions made by BRICS on issues of digital growth and levels of compliance, and makes recommendations for the further development of BRICS’ digital agenda. According to data provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Bank, the World Economic Forum (WEF), the European Union (EU) and the International Development Institute (IDI), the BRICS countries differ in terms of the maturity of their digital economies. They are characterized by a relatively low quality and affordability of digital infrastructure; additionally, the penetration of information and communications technology (ICT) into business and daily activities in BRICS countries lags behind the world leaders, and data on the quality and efficiency of regulatory and innovative frameworks in the BRICS countries is insufficient. However, decisions made by BRICS on matters of digital growth are followed with a high-average level of compliance. Thus, recommendations for the further development of BRICS’ digital agenda are strategic in nature. The author defines three promising areas of cooperation on digital matters during Russia’s 2020 BRICS presidency: facilitation of dialog and exchange of best practices supporting digital growth; development of a common BRICS standard offor the production of digital goods and services and; promotion of a common BRICS position on cybersecurity issues
Terrorism Financing: New Challenges for International Security
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Andronova Inna , Gusakov Nikolay ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Zavyalova Elena ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation (MGIMO University)
Published: January 2021

Despite efforts by the international community to curb international terrorism, it remains one of the main threats to international security. A main reason for this is that international terrorism has significant financial inflows and their routes transform faster than the international countermeasures designed to stop them. The aim of this article is to identify existing and potential financial channels. The authors analyze antiterrorist legislation to define the theoretical and legal framework for this research and draw on empirical content from the reports of international organizations, the Group of 20 (G20), the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, and others. This article shows that the main sources of terrorism financing include taxes paid by foreign enterprises functioning in the occupied lands, taxes paid by local populations, profits from resource and goods trade, captured treasures trade, payments from non-governmental organizations, and financial fraud. The authors discuss the role of cryptocurrencies in international terrorism financing and note that while foreign experts deny the possibility and feasibility of their usage, Russians take an opposite view. The authors conclude that the Russian arguments should be heard and carefully considered by the international community. The Russian Federation has significant experience fighting terrorism. For this reason, the authors recommend that the G20 and other international organizations pay more attention to this issue and work out international standards to counter the use of cryptocurrencies by terrorists
The Accession of Macedonia to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a Multi-Level Game
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Prikolota Maksim , Krylov Ivan ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes Macedonian foreign policy during the process of joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). We use a modified version of Robert Putnam’s multi-level game concept to show the role of domestic actors in determining Macedonian foreign policy. Based on an analysis of the interactions between the main domestic actors, we identify the reasons for the rapid resolution, after a long pause, of the question of Macedonia’s name and membership in NATO. We use a case-study approach and analyze the available data on the ratio of actors within the existing institutions, key events in the political struggle, and programmes through which the parties formulated foreign policy options. Further, we note the reasons for Greece’s concessions using the concept of multi-level games. We identify a number of important conditions for the formulation of Greece’s position: it is important which party controls the cabinet, whether ruling party coalition partners are ready to support the actions of the cabinet, and whether the actions of the cabinet meet the ideological expectations of other parties. We conclude that three simultaneous conditions made it possible for Macedonia to presently be on the verge of accession to NATO. First, Macedonia’s cabinet was formed by a party ready to accept Greece’s conditions. Second, the party opposed to the country’s renaming occupied less than one third of the seats, making a constitutional majority in the assembly possible. Third, because Macedonian bloc alliances are weak, allies of the anti-renaming party were willing to go against the party forming the bloc.
The MDBs’ Role in Syndicated Loan Deals (Review of the IMF Working Paper “Borrowing Costs and the Role of Multilateral Development Banks: Evidence From Cross-Border Syndicated Bank Lending”)
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Shelepov Andrei
Published: January 2021

The review covers the 2018 IMF working paper “Borrowing Costs and The Role of Multilateral Development Banks: Evidence from Cross-Border Syndicated Bank Lending.” It is acknowledged that cross-border bank lending is becoming an increasingly important source of external financing for developing countries and therefore can play a key role in infrastructure development. The working paper examines the impact of participation by multilateral development banks (MDBs) in loan syndicates on the terms of loan deals, with a particular emphasis on loan pricing. The results of the study show that MDB participation is associated with higher borrowing costs and longer maturities, indicating a greater willingness on the part of MDBs to finance projects with higher risks which may otherwise be unattractive to private investors. In addition, MDB participation is associated with lower spreads for riskier borrowers compared to similar loans from private banks. The authors show that MDBs can help mobilize private investment in developing countries, including in infrastructure, through risk mitigation.
Workflow for generating HMW plant DNA for third generation sequencing with high N50 and high accuracy v1
Authors: Driguez Patrick , Carty Karen , Putra Alexander , Ermini Luca
Published: January 2021

We have developed a method based on the Qiagen Genomics-Tip kit for the extraction of HMW DNA from a wide range of plants suitable for third generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio and Oxford Nanopore. This HMW plant DNA was used to make sequencing libraries with high insert N50 (30-40 Kb) for GridION and PromethION Oxford Nanopore machines and Sequel I and Sequel II PacBio machines. This HMW DNA is also suitable for PacBio HiFi libraries. The resulting sequencing data is ideally suited for de novo assembly of plant genomes.
ID16A measurements on pollen samples v1
Authors: Pacureanu Alexandra
Published: January 2021

X-ray Phase-contrast nano-tomography and X-ray fluorescence microscopy was performed on modern Pinaceae (pine) pollen at the ID16A nano-imaging beamline of the European Synchrotron (ESRF), in France.
Operating of the Torion® T-9 portable gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (PerkinElmer) for the analysis of animal scent samples v2
Authors: C. Poirier Alice , S. Waterhouse John , Watsa Mrinalini , A. Erkenswick Gideon , A. A. Moreira Laís , Tang Jia , C. Dunn Jacob , D. Melin Amanda , C. Smith Andrew
Published: January 2021

Chemosignals are mediators of social interactions in mammals, providing con- and hetero-specifics with information on fixed (e.g. species, sex, group and individual identity) and variable (e.g. social, reproductive and health status) features of the signaler. Yet methodological difficulties of recording and quantifying odor signals, especially in field conditions, have hampered studies of natural systems. We present the first use of the Torion® portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument for in situ chemical analysis of primate scents. We collected and analyzed swab samples from the scent-glands and skin from 13 groups (57 individuals) of two sympatric species of wild emperor tamarins, Saguinus imperator, and Weddell’s saddleback tamarins, Leontocebus weddelli (Callitrichidae). In total, 11 compounds of interest (i.e. probably derived from the animals) could be detected in the samples, with 31 of 215 samples containing at least one compound of interest. The composition of these 31 samples varied systematically with species, group, sex and breeding status. Moreover, we tentatively identified seven of the compounds of interest as methyl hexanoate, benzaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, acetophenone, a branched C15 alkane, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and hexadecan-1-ol. As the field of primate semiochemistry continues to grow, we believe that portable GC-MS instruments have the potential to help make progress in the study of primate chemosignaling in field conditions, despite limitations that we encountered. We further provide recommendations for future use of the Torion® portable GC-MS for in situ analyses.
Hospitality Students’ Group Learning Engagement with Social Media – A Malaysia Case
Authors:   Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Berjaya University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Li Jianyao , Ohara Chiaki
Published: January 2021

Millions of young contemporary adolescents and adults use social networking sites. However, little has been revealed about how much, why, and how the personal use of such sites relate to social media use for purposes besides belonging to Internet communities. This research aims to explore whether a relationship exists between the personal use of Social Media and hospitality students’ group engagement; thus shedding light to what retains connectedness and engagement for hospitality students working in groups in the more prominent educational area of Malaysia. 300 undergraduate students in hospitality program completed a three-section questionnaire. The results indicate that Facebook is dominantly perceived by students as a social network in Malaysia that is solely utilized for personal reasons albeit the fact students were found to utilize Facebook as a tool for collaborative group work purposes. Implications for further research are discussed to stress on more in-depth exploration that is necessary to provide a more substantial scope with regards to the use of social media and the group engagement of hospitality students undertaking a broad range of university courses in Hospitality field.
Application of Novel Features in Complex Network for Analyzing Virtual Community
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China. School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China. Faculty of Information and Technology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia, Zhang Zhen , Meng Qingchun , Rong Xiaoxia , Lee Vincent. C. S.
Published: January 2021

Virtual community (VC) arises rapidly and influences many aspects of human life styles in real world. Differentiated from traditional way to advertise products/services, VC also enables consumers to participate in interaction activities related to products via threads, learn greater insight about products in deep level while improve consumer loyalty. Most of the extant research did not emphasize or lack of effective methods on how to gain deep learning of product and explain the uniformity of users’ importance in VC. In this paper, based on knowledge in complex network, generalised variance of degree in directed network is proposed to ascertain uniformity of directed network, which is an innovative methodology. Research conclusions can guide enterprises more in-depth understanding of the complex network theory and its application to social network analysis (SNA) with big data streams.
Психолого-правовые особенности отношения к коррупции студентов из различных российских регионов
Authors: Китова Джульетта Альбертовна
Published: January 2021

Коррупция рассматривается как общественный феномен, который наносит ущерб социально-экономической системе государства и вместе с тем деформирует правосознание молодежи, проявляется в структуре социальной активности взрослой части населения. В основе сложившейся ситуации лежит и психологический фактор. При таком подходе отношение молодежи к коррупции и коррупционным правонарушениям становится одной из важных проблем устойчивого социального и правового развития общества.
В эмпирической части исследования выявлены представления молодежи о правовых и психологических факторах оценки коррупции, о детерминантах коррупционного поведения, его инициаторах и характере отношения как к самому явлению, так и его участникам – субъектам коррупционных правонарушений.
Дидактическая компетентность предподавателей-носителей и неносителей языка (на примере преподавания иностранного языка в вузах России)
Authors: Астафьева Галина Алексеевна
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию вопросов профессиональной компетентности преподавателей носителей и неносителей языка в рамках лингвистического образования в современных вузах России. Приводятся результаты опроса студентов, выявляющие преимущества и недостатки обучения с данными категориями преподавателей. Сделаны выводы о целесообразности организации занятий как с русскоязычными преподавателями, так и с преподавателями-носителями иностранного языка.
Ценностные ориентации и мотивации достижения успеха студентов вузов
Authors: Милентьева Алена Сергеевна
Published: January 2021

Автор ставит и отвечает на актуальные для студентов вопросы: как суметь достичь своих целей, представляющих стратегическую ценность личности и какими качествами, нужно обладать для достижения успеха и избегания неудач?
К вопросу о социализации молодежи в условиях среднего профессионального образования
Authors: Фёдорова Дарья Александровна
Published: January 2021

В статье автор анализирует особенности студенческого коллектива, его воспитательный потенциал, возможности его формирования в условиях среднего профессионального образования.
Анализ факторов, формирующих программы медиа-продвижения российского розничного ритейла
Authors: Дёмин Алексей Сергеевич
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируются особенности факторов внешней и внутренней среды, влияющих на программы медиа-продвижения российского розничного ритейла. Отмечается, что в ритейле произошел переход к концепции маркетинга отношений. Делается вывод, что на программы медиа-продвижения особое влияние оказывают экономические, политические и научно-технические факторы.
Современные инструменты маркетингового анализа
Authors: Шепелев Никита Владимирович
Published: January 2021

В данной статье представлены классификация и основные группы инструментов, которые актуальны в настоящее время для проведения маркетингового анализа. Маркетинговый анализ используется для обработки полученной маркетинговой информации с целью принятия управленческих решений.
Театр-студия как средство социализации студентов
Authors: Ганзенко Татьяна Романовна
Published: January 2021

В статье автор рассматривает театр-студию как средство социализации студентов, также, указывает на роль театра-студии в вузе в процессе воспитания гармоничной личности и становления нравственно и эстетически просвещенного, образованного человека.
Социально-педагогическая коррекция поведения детей в условиях повседневной жизни в приюте
Authors: Делиу Михаела Геннадьевна
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируется педагогическая коррекция детей в условиях повседневной жизни в приюте. Ставится задача коррекции (социально-психологическая, социально-педагогическая, социально-медицинская) и направления (психологическая коррекция, оздоровление и профилактика) реабилитации детей, попавших в социальный приют.
Knowledge and practice of using facemask during n Covid 19 pandemic: A epidemiological survey
Authors: Trivedi Dhiraj , Narute Janardan , Shindhe Vijayalakshmi
Published: January 2021

In the time of unavailable pharmaceutical measures, efforts for preventive control of nCovid 19 was on non-pharmaceutical methods like hand wash, facemask and social distancing. Though Government and social media were actively contributing, there was paucity of feedback regarding actual practice of implemented preventive measures in community. Present survey was conducted during July 2020, lockdown period, to correlate knowledge and practice of using facemask as preventive barrier in nCovid 19 infections. Our observations point that though knowledge regarding use of facemask was appropriately delivered, in reality it was not practiced or practiced incorrectly by public. Result of present survey point that effective ness of preventive measure depends on its implementation and obtaining feedback to achieve the goal.
Research Insights: How Does Residential Segregation Shape Economic Inequality, and What Can Policymakers Do about It?
Authors: Chauvin Juan Pablo , Messina Julián
Published: January 2021

In Latin America, average wages vary greatly between countries richest and poorest regions. Differences in average wages across neighborhoods of the same city are even more significant. Residential segregation reduces access to economic opportunity. Families in less accessible neighborhoods spend more time and money commuting, are less likely to apply to distant jobs, and are more likely to remain unemployed if they lose their job. Public transportation investments can help to improve access to economic opportunity and reduce inequality in segregated cities if they are combined with zoning policies that allow for flexible housing supply in beneficiary neighborhoods.
On the splitting rate of rate of a tower of Artin-Schreier type
Authors: Navarro Horacio
Published: January 2021

In this note we study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of rational places in a tower of function fields of Artin-Schreier type over a finite field with 2s elements, where s > 0 is an odd integer.
Caracterización de parámetros del rayo en Colombia con base en sistemas de localización terrestres y satelitales, 20 años de análisis
Authors: Younes-Velosa Camilo
Published: January 2021

Se presenta una revisión de los avances en la investigación en torno a los parámetros del rayo en Colombia en los últimos 20 años a partir del uso de bases de datos de sistemas de localización de rayos terrestres y satelitales que han permitido caracterizar el fenómeno de manera adecuada en un país como Colombia cuyos niveles de actividad eléctrica atmosférica y características geográficas y orográficas, además del hecho de estar ubicado en zona tropical, lo convierten en un caso especial que exige su comprensión con base en la hipótesis de la variación espacial y temporal de los parámetros del rayo planteada hace tres décadas. En el estudio se presentan los resultados relacionados con los siguientes parámetros del rayo: densidad de descargas a tierra, nivel ceráunico, polaridad y multiplicidad, así como el análisis de los efectos de las irregularidades del terreno en la propagación de las ondas electromagnéticas radiadas por la descarga de retorno y la forma en que las actividades antropogénicas, especialmente la emisión de material en partículas, inciden en la electrificación atmosférica.
Composición florística y aspectos de la estructura de la vegetación en sistemas agroforestales con cacao (Theobroma cacao L. - Malvaceae) en el departamento del Huila, Colombia
Authors: Mercedes Ordoñez Claudia , Rangel-Ch J. Orlando
Published: January 2021

Con base en la composición florística y en aspectos de la estructura (área basal y número de individuos), se caracterizó la vegetación en sistemas agroforestales (SAF) ubicados en 47 plantaciones con cacao (Theobroma cacao) en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. La vegetación en dichos sistemas estaba dominada por las especies Pseudosamanea guachapele, Musa paradisiaca, Erythrina poeppigiana, Gmelina arborea, Psidium guajava, Manguifera indica y Cordia alliodora. Las especies  aracterísticas-dominantes a nivel regional fueron Gliricidia sepium, Cordia alliodora, Amyris pinnata y Persea americana. Los sistemas agroforestales con mayor riqueza fueron el de Pseudosamanea guachapele, con 36 especies y el de Musa paradisiaca, con 25. La altura de los individuos oscilaba entre 3 y 21 m, y el mayor valor se presentó en el sistema de P. guachapele; el área basal fue 64,30 m2, los mayores valores se registraron en los sistemas agroforestales de P. guachapele, con 16.41 m2 y en el de E. poeppigiana, con 18,03 m2. La participación de T. cacao a nivel regional en el área basal es de 56,63 m2 y el número total de individuos es de 4.808. En los sitios con exposición libre (cultivo limpio en 11.000 m2) la altura promedio de los individuos de cacao era de 3,5 m, el área basal, de 15,31 m2, con 1.101 individuos. Esta cantidad es casi igual a la que se encontraría en un área de igual extensión en el sistema agroforestal bajo sombra de P. guachapele (1.386 individuos) y cinco veces mayor que aquel con presencia de todas las especies asociadas pero sin T. cacao (217 individuos). Aparte de la cosecha de cacao, estos sistemas ofrecen madera, frutos y leña, y proveen servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la protección del suelo y la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Riqueza, composición y distribución de las plantas vasculares en sabanas y bosques ribereños de la cuenca baja del río Pauto (Casanare-Colombia)
Authors: Cabrera-Amaya Diego Mauricio , Giraldo-Kalil Laura Judith , Rivera-Díaz Orlando , Castro-Lima Francisco
Published: January 2021

A pesar de la importancia ecológica y económica de la Orinoquía colombiana, aún son escasos los  studios básicos sobre la vegetación, los cuales se requieren para planificar el manejo y la conservación de la flora de esta región. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la riqueza, composición y distribución geográfica de las plantas vasculares de la cuenca baja del río Pauto (Casanare-Colombia). Se hicieron muestreos de la vegetación durante las temporadas de sequía y lluvias en cuadrantes de 1x1 m en las sabanas y en parcelas de 50x20 m en los bosques, incluyendo áreas con transformación antropogénica.  e registraron 701 especies, 421 géneros y 121 familias en un catálogo sistemático; 52  de las especies no se habían registrado previamente en la flora de la Orinoquía. En las sabanas, las familias con mayor riqueza fueron Leguminosae sensu lato (43), Cyperaceae (42) y Poaceae (38); y en los bosques, Leguminosae sensu lato (49), Malvaceae y Rubiaceae (26 cada una). Las formas de crecimiento con más especies fueron las hierbas (294), seguidas de árboles (129) y sufrútices (111). La mayoría de las especies están ampliamente distribuidas en el Neotrópico y muchas se encuentran en las selvas húmedas, bosques secos y sabanas de Suramérica. En el futuro es necesario incrementar los muestreos en sabanas y en el estrato herbáceo de los bosques ribereños, así como los esfuerzos de categorización de las amenazas de la flora regional de la Orinoquía.
Fitoperifíton asociado con macrófitas en una ciénaga tropical de la cuenca del río Atrato, Quibdó (Chocó), Colombia
Authors: Mosquera-Murillo Zuleyma
Published: January 2021

El fitoperifíton es una de las comunidades más importantes en las ciénagas o lagos de planos inundables por el papel que desempeña en el flujo de la energía, el ciclo de nutrientes y la productividad primaria de estos importantes ecosistemas. En este estudio se analizó la comunidad fitoperifítica asociada con tres especies de macrófitas (Ludwigia sedoides Humb. and Bonpl. Hara 1953, Nymphoides indica L. Kuntze, 1891 y Eichhornia azurea Swartz. Kunth, 1843) en una ciénaga tropical de la cuenca del río Atrato, Chocó, Colombia. Los muestreos se realizaron entre mayo y agosto del 2014 mediante la recolección de muestras de fitoperifíton de raíces de tres ejemplares de cada especie estudiada. Simultáneamente se midieron algunas variables físicas y químicas del agua circundante. Se registró una densidad de 1.160,63 ind.cm-2, distribuida en 82 morfoespecies, 26 familias, 16 órdenes y ocho clases, siendo la clase Bacillariophyceae la más abundante en las tres especies estudiadas. L. sedoides presentó la mayor densidad y riqueza fitoperifítica asociada. Se registraron diferencias en los valores de densidad, riqueza, diversidad y dominancia del fitoperifíton de las macrófitas estudiadas (p<0,05). El análisis de agrupamiento basado en el índice de Jaccard indicó poca similitud en la composición de la comunidad perifítica entre las especies de macrófitas, así como un marcado efecto del periodo hidrológico. En el estudio se establece la línea de base para el conocimiento de las comunidades fitoperifíticas asociadas con macrófitas en las ciénagas de zonas bajas tropicales como las del río Atrato.