bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Digital Tools in the Indian Higher Education System During Health Crises
Authors: Durairaj M. , Jayakumar S. , Monika  , Karpagavalli V. S. , Maheswari B. Uma , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, the utilization of digital tools in the higher education system in India has been illustrated. Communication, education, work culture, information access, and health crisis time are all being transformed by digital technology. The digital components, dimensions, significance, and inclusion in higher education have been discussed. The various elements, extensive activities, and initiatives of implementing digital education in India. The implementation and utilization of life skills in digitalization and in the arts, engineering, and technical education have been discussed to extract the scope for future developments.
Governance in Post-COVID-19 China
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: August 2023

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter explores how Chinese leadership has changed since then. It provides an in-depth analysis of the profound societal and economic shifts that resulted from the pandemic and the novel responses that were necessary. Focusing on the importance of e-governance and AI technology, the chapter examines how the health crisis has affected Chinese politics, corporations, and health governance. New forms of governance that have emerged in reaction to the breakdown of established educational institutions are also explored. In addition, it investigates potential economic avenues for revival in the wake of the pandemic. Future directions for governance are discussed, with connections drawn to sustainability, entrepreneurship, and innovation. It is a great resource for learning more about how the world might change after COVID-19 due to new governance paradigms.
Theoretical Study on Power Distribution Systems for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chandrika V. S. , Sivakumar A. , Krishnan T. Santhana , Pradeep Jayarama , Manikandan S. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits and low operating costs. However, efficient power distribution is critical to ensure their widespread adoption. Various power distribution methods, such as AC Level 1 and 2 charging, battery swapping, and wireless charging, are being explored. DC-DC power converters are a crucial component in EVs and play a vital role in converting energy from the battery to power the electric motor. Techniques such as Zero voltage switching (ZVS), pulse width modulation (PWM), and auxiliary circuitry are used to improve the efficiency of DC-DC converters. Power loss analysis is necessary to optimize the performance of the system. The future of DC-DC power distribution in EVs looks promising, with potential for increased efficiency, integration with renewable energy, and modular designs.
Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in the Circular Economy
Authors: Dhanya D. , Kumar S. Satheesh , Thilagavathy A. , Prasad D. V. S. S. S. V. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses the implementation of data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the circular economy. The case studies cover various domains, such as resource tracking and tracing, resource recovery, decision-making support systems, and machining optimization. The outcomes include improved supply chain management, extended product lifecycles, reduced waste generation, enhanced product quality, and cost savings. Data analytics and AI have the potential to shape a sustainable circular economy by optimizing resource utilization, improving processes, and enabling informed decision-making.
Raw Materials for Sports Garments, Seam Technique, and Applicable Finishes
Authors: Roy Rupayan
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses seam technology, applicable finishes, design considerations, and performance testing in sports garment manufacturing. It covers different types of seams used, such as flatlock, overlock, and taped seams, and their benefits and drawbacks. The chapter also explores applicable finishes like water-repellent, moisture-wicking, and anti-microbial finishes, and their impact on performance, comfort, and durability. Sustainable manufacturing in sports garment production is emphasized, along with recent initiatives and innovations. The role of design in sports garments and its effects on performance, comfort, and style is examined. Potential areas for future innovation include sustainable materials, smart fabrics, and 3D printing, with their potential industry impact. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview, highlighting advancements and potential research areas.
Elevated Temperature Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag Stabilisation of Desilicated Foundry Sand
Authors: Sithole Thandiwe
Published: August 2023

This study presents the use of Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOFS) as a stabilizer for disilicated waste foundry (DWF) sand and therefore provides an opportunity for high-volume use of waste material for low-cost, low-volume building and construction material. DWF was stabilized with BOFS to 40 %. The effect of composite moisture content, BOFS content, curing time and curing temperature was studied. A 50:50 DWF: BOFS composite cured at 80 °C for 96 h had the highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 7.83 MPa, a 15.5 % water absorption after a 24 h soak with a corresponding 20.5 % reduction in UCS. The green specimen (70:30) was then used to stabilize expansive soil. The formation of hydration products was responsible for the strength gain in the stabilized DWF specimens. It was concluded that BOFS was successful in stabilizing DFS. The stabilised DWF for ASTM C34-13, C129-14a and South African standards (SANS227: 2007).
Research of Properties and Rational Composition of Ecosafe Building Materials with Ash-and-Slag Waste from Masute Fuel and Coal Combustion
Authors: Kondratenko Olexandr , Koloskov Volodymyr , Koloskova Hanna , Babakin Vadym
Published: August 2023

The study evaluates the method for determination of the rational technical and economic indicators, namely the rational composition and flexural strength, of building materials containing ash-and-slag obtained from heat-and-electric power plant as waste from the combustion of masute and coal. Results of method application were obtained. The study is aimed on reduction of the negative technogenic impact on the lithosphere by developing an appropriate environmental protection technology for utilization of the mentioned above waste as a replacement of sand in building materials made of cement-sand mixture. The rational composition of the building materials containing ash-and-slag waste granules was selected basing on the results of two stages of experimental research – mechanical bending tests of straight two-support beams on a rupture machine. It was proposed to provide a complex index for assessment of the efficiency of ash-and-slag waste disposal in the building materials, which refers to relation of the strength limit to the density of the material per unit value. The results of calculation of the index magnitudes were obtained.
Health in Sri Lanka: building on a success story
Authors: Marmot Michael
Published: August 2023

No abstract available
Splenic infarction secondary to probable scrub typhus
Authors: Mathur A. , Srivastava S. , Mishra A.
Published: August 2023

A mite‑borne infection, scrub typhus is endemic in India. It causes a myriad of complications with multisystemic involvement like meningoencephalitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis and is also known to cause abdominal complications like hepatomegaly, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, and acute renal failure. Among the abdominal organs, splenic involvement is considered to be very rare and the usual presentation in such cases is splenomegaly. Splenic infarcts are a lesser known complication of scrub typhus which has been sparsely reported in the literature. We report a case with a rare presentation of scrub typhus in a 39-year-old male who reported to our hospital with fever and gastrointestinal system related complaints and was ultimately diagnosed to have multiple splenic infarcts secondary to scrub typhus.
Comparison of Muscle Biopsy Features with Myositis Autoantibodies in Inflammatory Myopathies: A Pilot Experience
Authors: Gudipati Archana , Rifat Shaikh , Uppin Megha , Jabeen Afshan , Mathukumalli Niharika L. , Yareeda Sireesha , Kayidhi Sunitha , Pyal Anjan , Dhamne Megha , Reddy Y Muralidhar
Published: August 2023

Background:

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), also called autoimmune myositis, are heterogeneous. These include dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis, immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and overlap polymyositis. Classification of IIM has evolved from clinical to clinico-pathologic to the recent clinico-sero-pathologic with the discovery of myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies. The various antibodies have shown association with specific phenotypes.

Objective:

To analyze muscle biopsy features with respect to each MSA and MAA to understand the frequency of findings in each entity.

Materials and Methods:

Biopsy-proven cases of IIM where myositis profile was available were included in the study after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval. In addition to the stains and enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry with MHC class I and II and MxA was performed. Features like perifascicular atrophy, perifascicular necrosis, scattered necrosis, inflammation, etc. were analyzed. Myositis profile was performed by line-blot technique using a 16-antigen panel. Cases were divided into different autoantibody subgroups. Various clinical, demographic, and muscle biopsy features were studied with respect to each MSA and MAA.

Results:

There were a total of 64 cases. Mi2 (N = 18) was the most common autoantibody. Some of the salient observations included PFA with perivascular inflammation in Mi2; pediatric cases and microinfarcts in NXP2; no PFA or inflammation in MDA5; perifascicular necrosis in JO1; extensive necrosis with sparse inflammation in SRP; more inflammation in overlap myositis; MxA positivity in DM; and absent in ASS.

Conclusion:

This is a pilot study documenting differences in biopsy phenotype with each MSA and MAA which is comparable to the literature. These findings can be used to characterize IIM in seronegative biopsies.
Association between Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Weifeng , Zhuo Shanshan , Wu Hao , Cai Xiaojie
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke have been linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD using a meta-analysis.

Methods:

STATA 12.0 software is used to compute odds ratios (ORs)/relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.

Results:

A total of 12 studies (including N = 36,913 individuals with AD and N = 1,701,718 participants) investigated the association between CHD and the risk of AD. Meta-analysis indicated that CHD was associated with an increased risk of AD with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00–1.48, I2 = 97.2%, P < 0.001). Additionally, seven studies (including N = 5,119 individuals with AD and N = 1,231,399 participants) investigated the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between MI and the risk of AD with a fixed effects model (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.91–1.30, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.105). Finally, six studies (including N = 83,065 individuals with AD and N = 2,414,963 participants) examined the association between HF and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis revealed that HF was associated with an increased risk of AD using a random effects model (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05–2.24, I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Nonetheless, more large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further investigate the associations between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.
Clinical Profile and Quality of Life in Myasthenia Gravis Using MGQOL15 R(Hindi): An Indian Perspective
Authors: Majigoudra Ganeshgouda , Duggal Ashish K. , Chowdhury Debashish , Koul Arun , Todi Vineet K. , Roshan Sujata
Published: August 2023

Background:

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic fluctuating illness, due to the dysfunction of neuromuscular junction which is autoimmune in nature. The disease severely affects the Quality Of Life (QOL).

Objective:

The primary objective of our study was to assess the QOL in patients with MG using Short Form 36 (SF 36) and MGQOL 15 R (Hindi translated).The secondary objective was to assess the correlation of age, sex, illness duration, clinical characteristics, severity, and treatment with the QOL in MG patients.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study of 55 MG patients was done to analyse and evaluate the clinical status using Hybrid Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (HMGFA), Myasthenia gravis composite score (MGCS) and The Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG – ADL). QOL was assessed by SF 36 and Hindi version of Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15 – Revised (MG-QOL15R) score.

Results:

78.2% patients had generalized MG. The mean MGC and MG-ADL scores were 5.27 and 3.29 (95% CI: 2.24 -4.34) respectively. The mean MGQOL15R score was 6.52 ± 7.7 and the score correlated with the symptoms. The SF 36 scores were the best and the worst in the bodily pain (93.72 ± 13.52) and general health subset (61.81 ± 39.64) respectively. Except for steroid dose, there was no significant correlation between SF36 and other factors.

Conclusion:

QOL in MG was found to be affected due to the disease. The MGQOL 15 R scores correlated with the clinical features, remission or active status, steroid use and thymectomy. No Significant association was observed between MG QOL scores and various lab parameters and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test results. Higher dose of steroid was associated with poor QOL, while thymectomy was associated with better QOL scores. MGQOL15R (Hindi) is a quick and simple tool to assess the QOL in MG patients.
The Pattern of Rh Phenotype among Voluntary Blood Donors – A Single-Center Observation from North India
Authors: Pangtey Tanuja , Satyawali Vivekanand , Jangpangi Deepika
Published: August 2023

Background:

Human blood is precious and its availability and requirement are important elements of a comprehensive health-care delivery. Healthy voluntary donors are key sources to maintain the supply of human blood, and due care is warranted to ensure that the right blood reaches the right patient. Blood donor screening is standard practice, and the knowledge of ABO and Rh phenotype study is important. Prevalence and pattern of Rh phenotypes in a particular area may be important for various functioning of any blood bank.

Materials and Method:

Various centers frequently showcase prevalence pattern of Rh phenotype at a specified centre or region. A similar study was undertaken from collected data of voluntary blood donors in our tertiary care center.

Results:

Out of 2000 donor samples, B, A, O, and AB were in the decreasing order of frequency with 33.3%, 29.6%, 25.7%, and 11.4%, respectively. The most common Rh antigens observed were e (97.1%), followed by D (93.8%), C (88.45%), c (51.05%), and E (18.45%). Out of eight phenotypes in D-positive donors, R1R1 (DCCee), R1r (DCcee), and R1R2 (DCcEe) were most frequently observed. In D-negative donors, rr (ddccee), r’r (ddCcee), and r’r’ (CCddee) were the most common.

Conclusion:

The Rh phenotype pattern in our centre had diverse pattern and knowledge of this would guide further studies.
Nasosinus Mucoceles: Our Experiences at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nasosinus mucoceles are expansile cystic masses originating at the paranasal sinuses by chronic retention of the mucus in a sinus cavity due to ostial obstruction.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentations, and management of nasosinus mucoceles.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study carried out over 5 years from August 2017 to September 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The diagnosis of nasosinus mucoceles was done by the clinical presentations and imaging of the paranasal sinuses.

Results:

There were 38 cases of nasosinus mucoceles included in the study. This study included 20 males and 18 females and male-to-female ratio of 1.11:1, with a mean age of 52.6 years (age range from 16 to 78 years). Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging were the main imaging done among study patients. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with marsupialization. Out of 38 patients, 2 (5.26%) had recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Orbital symptoms were major manifestations found in this study. CT scan was an important imaging performed in preoperative assessment. Endoscopic endonasal surgery is currently the gold standard for the treatment of nasosinus mucoceles. A satisfactory outcome was achieved after endonasal endoscopic marsupialization.
Up-to-date meta-analysis of long-term evaluations of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for complex perianal fistula
Authors: Cheng Fang , Zhong Huang , Huang Zhong , Li Zhi
Published: August 2023

The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al (2023), wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables. Reflecting on retrospective data science, it is evident that well-cited articles can wield a transformative influence on the Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor score, as exemplified by Robert Weinberg’s landmark on cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Here, we aim to spotlight a commendable contribution by Tuba Oz, Ajeet Kaushik, and Małgorzata Kujawska in this issue while pivoting towards identifying the hallmarks of a subpar literature review-elements that hinder rather than promote advancement. The hurdles and roadblocks encountered within subpar literature reviews are multifold. Anticipation of emerging trends, identification of challenges, and exploration of solutions remain conspicuously absent. Original Contributions fail to surface amidst the vast sea of pre-existing literature, with noticeable gaps amplified by the lack of illustrative figures and tables. The manuscript, at times, assumes a skeletal form, reflecting an attempt to accommodate an excess of references, leading to convoluted sentences laden with citations. In contrast, a potent solution lies in adopting a comprehensive approach. A nuanced and critical evaluation of sources can culminate in a robust discussion, surpassing the mere summarization of conclusions drawn by others. This approach, often dismissed, holds the potential to elevate clarity, coherence, and logical flow, ultimately inviting engaged readership and coveted citations. The critical necessity of integrating visionary insights is underscored and achieved through a rigorous analysis of pivotal concepts and innovative ideas. Examples can be harnessed to elucidate the application of these solutions. We advocate a paradigm shift, urging literature review writers to embrace the readers’ perspective. A literature review’s purpose extends beyond providing a comprehensive panorama; it should illuminate avenues for concept development within a specific field of interest. By achieving this balance, literature reviews stand to captivate a devoted readership, paving the way for manuscripts that are both widely read and frequently cited. The pathway forward requires a fusion of astute analysis and visionary insights, shaping the future of literature review composition.
Development and Testing of End-of-Line (EOL) Tester for Diesel
Engine
Authors: Khond Nikita Anil , Gandhi Naresh , Kakade Suhas
Published: August 2023

Decades ago, like the 1990s automobile industry, the off-highway industry was
purely recognized as a mechanical entity. In the mechanical system, accuracy and
troubleshooting of faults were significant concerns. Additionally, the
continuous stringent emission norms by the government call for the adaptation of
the aftertreatment and DeNOx led to more complexity and challenges. To meet the
government emission regulation and product performance, thorough functionality
testing of manufactured units was crucial. For this purpose, EOL/diagnostics
testers are developed. Diagnostic protocol CAN establish the connection between
ECU and tester due to its robustness and data handling capabilities. This paper
aims to develop and test the end-of-line (EOL) tester for off-highway diesel
engines. The communication between the tester and ECU will be over UDSonCAN,
conforming to standard ISO14229. This tester will cover the synchronization of
various components used to assemble the engine and maintain a consumption
record. The vital tester implemented the following roles: communication, reading
diagnostic trouble code (DTC), data measurement, data logging, and programming
data with a friendly and compatible interface. Also, the tool will distinguish
nonfunctional units, reduce the rejection rate, and help to maximize
productivity by performing appropriate diagnostic checks in case of any faulty
situation. The tester will ease the aftertreatment and DeNOx testing.
Quelques réflexions sur la notion d'accessibilité (suivi d'un commentaire de G. KOENIG)
Authors: de Crecy Renaud
Published: August 2023

This paper first reviews the main various operational forms used for a quantitative measure of accessibility in urban transit studies and considers practical use and theorical basis for each of them. In a second part, the problem discussed is to know what form is the most theorically founded and is to be used when comparing different situations through accessibility. The comparison may concern different cities, or different parts of a town, or periods, or modes, or people categories. In each case, a special form for accessibility is provided and it is outlined that this concept has ever more ordinal than cardinal qualities, and that it is difficult, in consequence, to measure really the difference of accessibility between two situations.

Cet article recense tout d'abord les différents indicateurs d'accessibilité effectivement utilisés dans les études de transport urbain, en rappelant pour chacun d'eux leur signification pratique et leurs bases théoriques. Dans une deuxième partie, le problème soulevé est de savoir quel est l'indicateur le plus justifié et qui doit être utilisé quand on compare différentes situations en termes d’accessibilité. La comparaison peut concerner aussi bien différentes villes, les différents secteurs d'une ville, des époques, des modes et des catégories d'usagers différents. Dans chaque cas, un indicateur spécifique est proposé, mais en soulignant toujours que le concept d'accessibilité possède des vertus beaucoup plus ordinales, et qu'il est donc difficile de mesurer objectivement la différence d'accessibilité entre deux situations.
Transports en commun et représentation automatique
Authors: Plassard François
Published: August 2023

With the development of minicomputers, it is now possible to produce quickly and at low cost many diagrams which until now could only be made with very large computers. This paper illustrates these new capabilities by applying them to a mass transport inquiry realized at Lyon in 1977. It then proposes, given the difficulties presented, a methodology to make maps of a spatial phenomenon.

Le développement de la micro-informatique rend maintenant possible, dans les délais rapides et à des coûts très faibles, la production des représentations graphiques qui nécessitaient jusque-là le recours à de gros ordinateurs. Cet article montre ces possibilités en les appliquant au traitement d'une enquête sur les transports en commun réalisée à Lyon en 1977. Il propose alors, devant les difficultés mises en évidence, une méthodologie pour la représentation cartographique d'un phénomène spatial.
L’analyse en termes de finances publiques des effets redistributifs de la politique des transports : impasse, étape ou point de départ ?
Authors: Madre Jean-Loup
Published: August 2023

Réponse au commentaire de A. Vianes
The extension plan of the underground in the Parisian suburbs - a typical case of application of the multicriteria analysis
Authors: Hugonnard J.-C. , Roy B.
Published: August 2023

The implementation of the last wave of extensions in the suburban metro network of Paris Region which took place in 1970, has been based on a long term comprehensive plan, elaborated by the RATP (1) and approved by the involved local and national authorities.If it is not in the scope of the RATP to decide on the greater or lesser priority to give to such or such project, it is on the contrary its due task to assist the official agencies in bringing out all the elements necessary to the clarifying of such issues.In the context, a specific multicriteria method has been elaborated for the ranking of the operations; this method has been derived from the more general ELECTRE methods.The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, we shall state briefly the policy guidelines of the metro extension plan initiated in 1973; second, we shall describe this multicritera method, which can be expected to be able to deal properly with other investment choice problems.(1) Paris Public Transport Authority.

Lorsque, vers 1970, l'extension du métro en banlieue parisienne a été relancée, la RATP a mis au point un plan d'extension global à long terme qui a reçu l'approbation des Pouvoirs Publics.S'il n'appartient pas à la RATP de décider de la plus ou moins grande priorité à accorder à telle ou telle opération, il entre par contre dans sa vocation de fournir aux Pouvoirs Publics l'ensemble des éléments d'un tel choix.C'est dans cette optique qu'a été élaborée une méthode multicritère originale de classement de ces prolongements, qui s'inscrit dans le droit fil des méthodes ELECTRE.Cet article a donc un double objectif : rappeler d'une part sommairement les grandes lignes de la politique d'extension du métro en banlieue mise en œuvre à partir de 1973, décrire d'autre part cette approche multicritère originale, qui pourrait trouver notamment d'autres applications dans le domaine du choix des investissements.
Le comportement de l’usager du système de transport interrégional – choix d’un mode de transport ou plutôt d’un certain type de mobilité ?
Authors: Morellet Olivier
Published: August 2023

In the case of an improvment of the level of service for a given transport mode, the representation of the traffic movements consist schematically to make a distinction between two phenomenons: the appearance of new trips, and the simple change in the modal split of trlps, witch would be made in any case on the considered link.About the example of the T.G.V. Paris-South East, and on the base of the first exploitations that I.R.T. has made of the survey "Transports 1981", the author state the following questions:Is the usual representation of phenomenon’s compatible with an improvement in the field of users behaviour modeling? Isn’t necessary to go beyond the simple analysis relating between used transport mode and other trip characteristics, and to make a global simulation of the choice that people make simultaneous for all the modalities of their mobility?

La représentation faite habituellement des mouvements de trafic provoqués par l'amélioration du niveau de service offert par un moyen de transport donné, opère schématiquement la distinction entre deux phénomènes : l'apparition de déplacements considérés comme entièrement nouveaux ("l'induction") et le simple changement de mode de transport pour des déplacements qui ne seraient de toutes façons effectués sur la liaison aménagée ("le transfert modal").Partant de l'exemple de la mise en service des dessertes par T.G.V. sur l'axe Paris Sud-Est, et prenant appui sur les premières exploitations faites à l'I.R.T. de l'enquête Transports 1981, l'auteur pose la question de savoir si cette présentation habituelle des phénomènes n'est pas trop éloignée de la complexité des mécanismes réels pour servir de base à un véritable perfectionnement des procédés de modélisation du comportement de l'usager.Dans ce domaine, il semble bien que le progrès méthodologique suppose de dépasser les simples études de relation entre mode de transport utilisé et autres caractéristiques des déplacements, pour une approche plus globale des conditions dans lesquelles les individus déterminent simultanément l'ensemble des modalités de leur mobilité.
Tarification sociale des transports collectifs et population immigrée
Authors: Begag Azouz
Published: August 2023

The immigrant population living in France as caused few studies in the field of transport. In fact, this is the idea of integration an ethnical or racial dimension in the research problematics which has not been yet underlined. Though, considering in a specific way the foreign user in the scope of urban travel may suggest a lot of interests. The purpose of the paper is to show that the subsidizing politics of French urban transit systems corresponds badly with the demographic, social and economic realities of the immigrant population and specially those coming from Nord-Africa who represent more than one million persons.

La population immigrée vivant en France a fait l'objet de peu d'études dans le domaine des transports. En fait, c'est l'idée d'intégrer une dimension ethnique ou raciale dans les problématiques de recherches qui n'a pas encore été soulevée. Or, la considération en tant qu'objet spécifique, de l'usager étranger des transports collectifs révèle des intérêts suggestifs. Le but de cet article est de montrer que le système de subventionnement des transports urbains en France correspond mal aux réalités démographiques, sociales et économiques de la population immigrée, et plus particulièrement celle issue de l'Afrique du Nord qui représente plus d'un million de personnes.
Ile-de-France region passenger account
Authors: Amsler Yves , Auzannet Pascal
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an attempt to built up a Regional Passenger Account for the Ile-de-France Region. The methodology provided is derived from the one used for the Satellite Accounts of the National Accounting.The Transportation Account isolates all investment and operating expenses specific to this field for the year 1983. It describes the financial flows involved. Households, enterprises and administrations contributions are detailed, as well as those supplied by the State, the Region and the local governments. It makes a comparison between the different means of transportation (private and public) both in terms of cost price and expenses the users carry (social advantages and costs no included).The paper concludes on some leading ideas for modifications which might happen in the rules for financing transportation in the Ile-de-France Region.

L'article présente et commente les résultats d'une première tentative d'élaboration d'un compte régional de transports de voyageurs en région Ile-de-France, dont la méthodologie s'apparente à celle des comptes satellites de la comptabilité nationale.Le compte transport isole l'ensemble des dépenses caractéristiques du domaine pour l'année 1983, en investissement et en fonctionnement, et décrit les flux financiers mis en jeu en détaillant les contributions des ménages, des entreprises et des administrations, ainsi que celles de l'Etat, de la région et des Collectivités Locales. Il établit une comparaison entre les différents modes de transport (moyens individuels et transports collectifs) en termes de prix de revient et de coûts supportés par les utilisateurs, hors avantages et coûts sociaux.La conclusion propose quelques orientations pour une modification éventuelle des règles de financement des transports en Région Ile-de-France.
Vehicle nuisance control and energy saving. Essay for a typology and a definition of problem
Authors: Geordiades Yiannakis
Published: August 2023

Are control vehicle nuisance and energy savings seeking compatible targets? Will current used techno¬logies in the automotive industry enable to realize convergent per¬formances in the field of pollutant emission, noice and fuel consumption reduction? A typology of various technologies according to their effects on each of above targets is set out.

La lutte contre les nuisances automobiles et la recherche d'économies d'énergie sont-ils des objectifs compatibles ? Les techniques actuellement utilisées ou maîtrisées par les constructeurs automobiles permettront-elles de réaliser des performances convergentes dans le domaine de la réduction des émissions de polluants, du bruit et de la consommation de carburant ? L'article présente une typologie de différentes techniques en fonction de leurs effets sur chacun des objectifs en question.
Strategic or master plans in the Spanish port system: methodology and experience from the port of Santander
Authors: Izquierdo Rafael , Pesquera Gonzalez Miguel A.
Published: August 2023

After describing the organization of the Spanish port system and its place in the overall transport framework, this article examines Spanish ports policy, which is based on applying commercial criteria in the management of the different harbours. It then studies the methodology applied, at port level, in strategic or master plans. This analysis concentrates principally on the strategic plan for the port of Santander which has both internal and external elements in order to better respond to current structural changes in so¬cio-economic activity.

Après avoir décrit l'organisation du système portuaire en Espagne et sa place au sein du système global de transport, cet article présente la politique portuaire espagnole fondée sur l'application de critères d'entreprise pour la gestion des différents ports. Il étudie ensuite la méthodologie développée pour élaborer, au niveau des ports, des plans stratégiques ou directeurs. Pour cette analyse, il se réfère notamment à l'expérience du port de Santander dont le plan stratégique comporte à la fois des objectifs externes et internes à l'organisation visant à répondre aux changements structurels de l'activité socio-économique actuelle.
Externalities, social cost and redistributive effects on urban transportation travelers
Authors: Massot Marie-Hélène , Orfeuil Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2023

This paper intends to be state-of-the-art review of the empirical research conducted for the last twenty years, in France, about the social costs, externalities and redistributive effects of policies in the field of passengers’ urban transport. These subjects are now very present in what the transport system managers may.For each of the three themes, social costs, externalities and redistributive effects the following points are discussed:- what are the stakes in the present economic situation?- a critical analysis of the developed methods from both an internal and external viewpoint;- an assessment of the operational potency of these methods and of the difficulties met in their implementation.

Au terme de deux décennies de travaux empiriques réalisés sur les coûts sociaux, les effets externes et redistributifs des politiques de transport urbain de voyageurs, et au vu de la renaissance de ces thèmes dans le discours des acteurs des systèmes de transport, les auteurs ont pris l'initiative de faire le point sur l'état de la recherche en France en la matière.Sur chacun des thèmes traités, coûts sociaux, effets externes et effets redistributifs sont présentés :- un dimensionnement des enjeux dans le contexte économique actuel ;- une analyse critique des méthodes développées, critique tout autant interne qu'externe ;- et une évaluation des aptitudes opérationnelles de ces méthodes et de leurs difficultés de mise en œuvre.
Urban public transport of medium sized cities at Java: a picture of the Indonesian singularity
Authors: Cusset Jean-Michel , Lavigne Jean-Claude
Published: August 2023

From a research on six medium sized cities of Java (Indonesia), the paper insists upon the diversity of urban public transport among the cities. Several explanations of the lack of a common pattern are put forward. The regulation of public transport shows the specific Indonesian characters which allow a high flexibility and a consensus approach for the connection of the different systems. The authors try to identify the main guidelines which could be kept for a public transport policy appropriate to medium sized cities of Java.

L'étude et la comparaison des systèmes de transport de six villes moyennes de Java (Indonésie) et l'analyse des mécanismes de régulation mis en œuvre, montrent l'absence de modèle de transport public typique d'une ville moyenne et soulignent les caractéristiques originales propres à l'Indonésie : la flexibilité est recherchée et une démarche consensuelle articule de manière spécifique les différents systèmes. Les auteurs s'interrogent en conclusion sur les orientations majeures d'une politique des transports urbains adaptée aux villes moyennes de Java.
Scenario of transport project in urban environment: synthesis of economic and ecology?
Authors: Zumkeller Dirk
Published: August 2023

Within the context of the public debate concerning environmental transport concepts the following questions are of increasing interest:- are ecological transport concepts, aiming at a substantial decrease of car usage within urban areas of high density at the same time economic in terms of cost and monetary benefits?- which transport projects contribute to both ecological and economic aims?- which is the method to compare and evaluate ecological and originally monetary criteria?These questions were answered in the framework of a research project entitled "Case studies for the economic and ecological evaluation of alternative transport concepts" sponsored by the German environmental agency. The results pro¬vide basic information and support to improve decision-making of urban political bodies.

Dans un contexte de débat public en faveur d'aménagement transport intégrant l'environnement, les questions suivantes présentent un intérêt croissant :- les projets de transport prenant en compte la protection de l'environnement et visant à réduire de façon substantielle le trafic automobile en milieu urbain dense, peuvent-ils correspondre simultanément à des projets économiquement avantageux ?- quels sont les projets d'aménagement transport pour lesquels coïncident des avantages économiques et des avantages écologiques ?- quelle méthode permettrait de procéder à une évaluation comparative de critères écologiques et de critères économiques ?Ces questions font l'objet d'un rapport de recherche intitulé « Étude de cas pour une évaluation économique et écologique d'alternatives en matière d'aménagement transport » qui a été parrainé par le Ministère de l'Environnement de la République Fédérale d'Allemagne. Cette recherche fournit aux instances communales une information de base et est conçue comme un outil d'aide à la décision.
The French and German car industries face to the new emission standards
Authors: Barrier-Lynn Christiane , Georgiades Yiannakis , Lambert Jacques
Published: August 2023

The enforcement of the Luxemburg agreements will not be without consequences on the activity and the results of the European car industry.This article highlights the respective trumps and weakness of the French and German car industries (manufacturers and equipment suppliers) face to the next regulatory requirements.Answers concerning the know-how of the manufacturer towards pollution control systems and the expected impacts of the strengthening of the standards on the research and development activities, the production process and the automo¬bile market are provided.Finally the car pollution problem is examined in the context of the unique European market and more generally within the framework of the international competition.

L'application des accords de Luxembourg ne sera pas sans conséquences sur l'activité et les résultats de l'industrie automobile européenne.Cet article met en relief les atouts et les faiblesses respectives des industries automobiles française et allemande (constructeurs et équipementiers) face aux prochaines échéances réglementaires.Des réponses sont apportées aux questions concernant la maîtrise des constructeurs vis-à-vis des techniques de dépollution et les impacts attendus de la sévérisation des normes sur le plan de la recherche développement, sur le processus de production et sur le marché de l'automobile.Enfin le problème de la dépollution automobile est replacé dans le contexte du marché unique de 1993 et de façon plus générale dans le cadre de la concurrence internationale.
Trucking costs and overcosts in Africa
Authors: Rizet Christophe
Published: August 2023

Why is trucking so expensive in Africa? In order to answer this question, we must compare the structure of African costs with those of other countries. The method developed to this end allows to separate the influence of the different factors and, in particular, the effect of input prices from the productivity effect. The weak productivity of African vehicles results both from the high kilometric consumptions, and the small yearly number of kilometers travelled, as well from the high empty return rate.

Pourquoi le camionnage est-il si cher en Afrique ? Pour répondre à cette question il faut comparer la structure des coûts africains avec ceux d'autres pays. La méthode développée à cette fin permet de séparer l'influence des différents facteurs et en particulier l'effet de prix des facteurs de production de l'effet productivité. La faible productivité des véhicules africains résulte à la fois de consommations kilométrique élevées, d'un faible kilométrage annuel et d'un taux élevé de retour à vide.
Recent structural change In French seaports
Authors: Charlier Jacques
Published: August 2023

The traffic structure of the French seaports has quite drastically changed during the 1979-1989 period, with less liquid bulk and more general cargo. The paper aims at identifying the structural changes that took place in the whole system and in the main ports. The computation of a series of analytical and synthetical indexes in a tune perspective is its chief originality.

La structure des trafics portuaires français s'est significativement modifiée durant la période 1979-1989, avec moins de vracs liquides mais davantage de marchandises générales. L'article vise à identifier les mutations structurelles intervenues au niveau global et à celui des différents ports. L'étude s'appuie sur l'évolution d'une batterie d'indices analytiques et synthétiques dont la prise en compte dans une perspective temporelle constitue le principal apport méthodologique de cette contribution.
Optimal location pattern and transportatlon costs in Tinbergen-Bos System
Authors: Kuiper J.H.
Published: August 2023

In Tinbergen-Bos system for general location analysis, the spatial dispersion of economic activities is studied; the model leads to an optimal location pattern of production centers, based on the criterion of minimum-transportation cost. In this exemple with two industrial sectors, a number of simulations show location patterns of production centers in a well defined area, consisting of a set of squares, and using different variables as, transported quantities, distances between centers, transportation tariffs, and market areas.In the paper a number of general conclusions, concerning optimal location patterns are presented; the influence of the value of the transportation tariffs on the degree of concentration of both industrial sectors is showed in a number of computations.

Les problèmes de localisation généraux concernent la division spatiale de toutes les activités économiques, compte tenu des interdépendances entre elles ainsi que du rôle-clé que jouent les coûts de transport. Dans la présente étude l'on introduira explicitement des tarifs de transport pour chaque secteur, afin de montrer leur influence sur les schémas de localisation. Finalement, l'on présentera quelques conclusions générales concernant la localisation optimale des centres producteurs. L'interdépendance entre un nombre de variables économiques et le schéma optimal de localisation a été montrée dans quelques tableaux. Le schéma optimal de localisation ne dépend que des valeurs des volumes transportés et des tarifs de transport.
Tinbergen-Bos Systems. Two industrial metrics with transport flows
Authors: Kuiper J.H. , Paelinck J.H.P. , Rosing K.E.
Published: August 2023

Tinbergen-Bos Systems (TBS) have proven to be fruitful in allowing to derive propositions concerning general spatial economic equilibrium. Until recently most developments were based on spaces (implicitly) provided with a discrete metric. The authors endeavoured to generalize that metric to a Manhattan one, and expose their first results on the simultaneous location of two types of industries.

Les systèmes de Tinbergen-Bos (STB) ont prouvé leur fertilité dans leur pouvoir de dégager des propositions en matière d'équilibre économique spatial général. Jusque récemment la plupart des développements étaient basés sur des espaces (implicitement) muni d'une métrique discrète. Les auteurs se sont appliqués à généraliser cette métrique à celle de Manhattan, et exposent leurs premiers résultats ayant trait à la localisation simultanée de deux types d'industries.
Automatic fleet of bus management System and sociotechnical changes within the urban bus network
Authors: Caruso Martine
Published: August 2023

The "Automatic Fleet Management System" is a technological innovation, ten years old about. This kind of technology is opening a new age for bus company management. It is based on a new kind of management and production of transport product in real time. It brings new keys for diary management of urban bus networks. To day we may learn all the progress brought about by this kind of technological innovation. It is easy to imagine the possibilities and the evolutions for the future.

L'innovation technologique « S.A.E. », système d'aide à l'exploitation, constitue un atout innovant et majeur apte pour permettre une transformation et une évolution en profondeur des modes de gestion et des modes de production du transport urbain de voyageurs. Implantée au cours de la décennie passée, les premiers effets structurants engendrés sont désormais appréhendables. Ce recul historique permet de pressentir la richesse des potentialités offertes par l'exploitation optimale de ce type de technologie, basée sur la gestion en temps réel.
Influence of driver's age on the risk of accident: results from a survey
Authors: Thomas Isabelle
Published: August 2023

This paper summarizes some results from a survey about the risk of road accident in Belgium. It enables to measure empirically and precisely the high risk bounded to young and very young car drivers but also to help to understand some of the many decisions that brave to be taken by insurance companies or for the driving license. These simple measures are easily compared with those published for other countries. The need for better exposure data is put forward.

Cet article résume quelques résultats d'une enquête relative aux risques d'accidents de la route en Belgique. Les quelques mesures de risques exposées permettent d'illustrer simplement, empiriquement et précisément le risque très élevé d'accident de voiture associé aux jeunes et très jeunes conducteurs mais nuance également certaines propositions du permis à points ou du monde des assurances. Ces quelques mesures ont le mérite de pouvoir aisément être comparées aux résultats publiés pour d'autres pays. Le besoin d'une base unique et fiable de données d'exposition au risque est vivement souligné.