bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric Oxygenation: The Eye as a Limiting Factor
Authors: Margolis George , Brown Ivan W.
Published: October 2006

In dogs exposed to 100 percent oxygen at 3 atmospheres absolute pressure for more than 4 hours, a characteristic retinal lesion, manifested as the cytoid-body change, occurs. The selectivity of this injury suggests that the eye may be used as a sensitive indicator and as a site for study of oxygen toxicity. The cytoid body, an entity of disputed genesis, was produced experimentally for the first time.
Distribution of Uranium in Some Natural Minerals
Authors: Hamilton E. I.
Published: October 2006

The advantages of the fission method over conventional autoradiography for studying the distribution of uranium in natural minerals is described. Relatively high concentrations of uranium associated with micro inclusions in the St. Marks enstatite chondrite have been observed and may account for the variation of the uranium concentrations in different samples of this meteorite.
Cell Wall of
Melampyrum lineare
Seed: Carbohydrate Components
Authors: Curtis E. J. C. , Cantlon J. E.
Published: October 2006

Extraction with alkali of cell wall material from the seed of
Melampyrum lineare
leaves a residue (62.7 percent) which on hydrolysis yields over 70 percent mannose. Hydrolysis of the alkali-soluble hemicellulose fraction of the cell wall also yields largely mannose. In contrast, cell wall isolated from
Melampyrum
stem contains over 95 percent of glucose residues in the alkali-insoluble fraction, and mostly xylose residues in the hemicellulose.
Sialic Acid Binding Sites: Role in Hemagglutination by
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Authors: Gesner Bertram , Thomas Lewis
Published: October 2006

Hemagglutination of turkey erythrocytes by
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
was inhibited by mucoproteins containing sialic acid, by sialic acid itself, and by treatment of the erythrocytes with neuraminidase. Neuraminidase treatment of the mucoprotein-rich inhibitors reduced or abolished their inhibitory activity. The findings indicate that sialic acid on the erythrocyte surface provides binding sites for
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
.
Polysome Morphology: Evidence for Endocrine Control during Chick Embryogenesis
Authors: Yatvin Milton B.
Published: October 2006

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland had little apparent effect on the distribution or morphology of skin and feather polysomes in chicken embryos incubated for 12 days. However, polysome patterns obtained from 15-day-old hypophysectomized embryos differed markedly from those of their controls. In addition, a tetrad-shaped polysome, characteristic of the 158
S
peak of the 12-day-old embryo but not of the 15-day-old control, is still retained in the operated embryo at 15 days. Therefore, it appears that after day 12 of embryogenesis the structure of the four-ribosome polysome from skin and feathers is contingent on a functional hypophysis.
Lactate Dehydrogenase of Trout: Hybridization in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Goldberg Erwin
Published: October 2006

Speckled trout and lake trout contain five forms of lactate dehydrogenase, but a different electrophoretic distribution of isozymes characterizes each species. The hybrid splake, which is produced artificially by fertilizing lake trout eggs with speckled trout sperm, contains nine isozymes. This complement of isozymes in vivo could be produced in vitro by recombination of subunits from tissues of the parent species. In the splake trout, this complement is the result of heterozygosity at the gene locus responsible for synthesis of LDH-5. Extracts of trout eyes contain at least two additional forms of LDH which could not be demonstrated in other tissues.
Temporal Course of Thermal Adaptation
Authors: Kenshalo Dan R. , Scott Harley A.
Published: October 2006

Previous methods for measuring the range and temporal course of adaptation to thermal stimuli are difficult to use. A technique requiring subjects to adjust the temperature of the stimulator to maintain a just-detectable sensation is described. Complete adaptation occurs to temperatures within the range between 28° and 37.5°C in about 25 minutes.
Thiosemicarbazide Injection Followed by Electric Shock Increases Resistance to Stress in Rats
Authors: Reynolds Robert W. , Meeker Michael R.
Published: October 2006

Adult rats that had been raised with a minimum of stimulation were injected with thiosemicarbazide, a drug that lowers γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Fifteen minutes later the animals were given 30 mild electric shocks over a half-hour period. Two. weeks later they were tested for their resistance to gastric ulceration induced by immobilization. The experimental animals showed a much greater resistance to stress than did the appropriate control groups. A replication confirmed the results of the first study.
Kyanite-Sillimanite Equilibrium at 750°C
Authors: Newton Robert C.
Published: October 2006

Reversal of the kyanite-sillimanite inversion has been accomplished hydrothermally at 750°C. The inversion pressure at 750°C is 8.1 ± 0.4 kilobars. The calculated pressuretemperature slope at this point is 17.7 ± 1.0 bars per degree celsius. Geologically, this result seems more plausible than previous estimates of the location of the boundary. When combined with other work on the relative stability of andalusite, the data indicate that andalusite cannot be stable at a pressure greater than 4.2 kilobars.
Noradrenaline and Inhibition of Renshaw Cells
Authors: Biscoe T. J. , Curtis D. R.
Published: October 2006

Although postsynaptic inhibition of Renshaw cells in the spine is blocked by strychnine the depression of these neurons by electrophoretically administered noradrenaline is resistant to this alkaloid. This finding raises doubts as to whether noradrenaline is an inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord of the cat.
Metachromatic Leucodystrophy: Isolation and Chemical Analysis of Metachromatic Granules
Authors: Suzuki Kunihiko , Suzuki Kinuko , Chen Gloria , Korey Saul R.
Published: October 2006

The abnormal, cytoplasmic metachromatic granules found in the brain of metachromatic leucodystrophy were isolated in high purity. They show metachromasia by von Hirsch-Peiffer's cresyl violet method. Electron microscopy revealed very slight contaminations by other components, such as mitochondria, myelin, and ribosomes. Chemical analysis of two separately obtained collections has shown that the molar ratio of cholesterol to galactolipids to phosphatides is 1 : 1 : 1. Most of the galactolipids are sulfatides.
Protein Synthesis in Micromeres of the Sea Urchin Egg
Authors: Spiegel Melvin , Tyler Albert
Published: October 2006

A method was developed for isolating large quantities of micromeres from the 16-cell stage of the sea urchin, and measurements were made of their ability to incorporate C
14
-L-valine into protein as compared with that of a mixed suspension of micromeres, mesomeres, and macromeres. Per cell, the rate of incorporation was considerably less for the micromeres than for the suspension of mixed cells. Per unit volume, however, the two types of suspensions showed no significant differences.
Low-Molecular-Weight Proteins Related to Bence Jones Proteins in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Solomon Alan , Killander Johan , Grey Howard M. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: October 2006

Urinary proteins distinct from Bence Jones proteins, but sharing antigenic determinants, were found in the urine of a number of patients with multiple myeloma. These components were smaller in size and antigenically deficient compared with Bence Jones proteins. They were best detected with antiserums to the homologous Bence Jones proteins and, in some cases, were related to the variable portion of the Bence Jones protein molecule.
Attention in the Newborn: Effect on Motility and Skin Potential
Authors: Stechler Gerald , Bradford Susan , Levy Howard
Published: October 2006

Newborn infants showed lower motility and greater reactivity of the skin potential while attending to a visual target than when equally alert but inattentive.
Electroretinogram of the Frog during Embryonic Development
Authors: Crescitelli Frederick , Nilsson Sven Erik C.
Published: October 2006

Eyes removed from frog embryos at various stages of development gave a definite pattern of change in the electroretinogram. From the 7th to 9th days the electroretinogram consisted of slow, purely cornea-negative potentials. From the 9th to 10th days the responses were negative but included a prominent fast, negative component superimposed on the slow potentials. During the 11th to 17th days positive potentials appeared and developed. From the 20th day on, the typical electroretinogram of the adult obtained.
Composition of Combustible Concretions of the Alewife,
Alosa pseudoharengus
Authors: Sondheimer Ernest , Dence Wilford A. , Mattick Leonard R. , Silverman Sol R.
Published: October 2006

Alewives,
Alosa pseudoharengus
, wash ashore from Onondaga Lake, N.Y., in the form of combustible concretions in which the muscles are replaced by calcium salts of fatty acids. In both distribution pattern and total concentration of fatty acids the concretions differ strikingly from normal carcasses. Carbon-13 : carbon-12 ratios indicate that the concretions may have formed from lipids of terrestrial or freshwater organisms or from organic pollutants of nonmarine origin, or from lipids and pollutants.
Isolation of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus from Bats (
Tadarida b. mexicana
) in Texas
Authors: Sulkin S. Edward , Sims Ruth A. , Allen Rae
Published: October 2006

A strain of St. Louis encephalitis virus has been isolated from Mexican free-tailed bats (
Tadarida b. Mexicana
) collected at the time of an outbreak of encephalitis in Texas in 1964.
Chimeric Mice with Donor-Type Liver Cells
Authors: Hard Richard C. , Kullgren Birgitta
Published: October 2006

C
3
H mice, made chimeric by lethal x-irradiation followed by injection of (C
3
H × T
6
)F
1
spleen cells, were later stimulated by CCl
4
to produce a vigorous burst of hepatic parenchymal cell mitoses. Cytogenetic studies of the regenerating livers of 11 chimeras identified 89 percent of the cells as donor type by the presence of the distinctive T
6
marker.
Phloem Differentiation: Induced Stimulation by Gibberellic Acid
Authors: DeMaggio A. E.
Published: October 2006

Gibberellic acid solutions supplied through micropipettes to explants from dormant branches of white pine (
Pinus strobus
L.) stimulate changes in the cambial zone. Immature sieve cells expand radially and exhibit cytological changes usually associated with spring maturation. Differentiation of sieve cells continues in response to treatment and is recognized by the birefringence of secondary walls when examined with the polarizing microscope.
Rhodizite: Structure and Composition
Authors: Buerger Martin J. , Taxer Karlheinz
Published: October 2006

The mineral rhodizite could not be assigned a chemical formula on the basis of chemical analyses. The solution of the crystal structure reported here reveals that CsB
12
Be
4
Al
4
O
28
is the ideal formula. The oxygen atoms occupy all but four sites per cell of cubic close packing whose period is ½
a
. The boron, beryllium, and aluminum atoms occupy interstices of this array, the first two in tetrahedral coordination, the last in octahedral coordination. Together these atoms form a continuous network whose composition is B
12
Be
4
Al
4
O
28
, which should be neutral. The alkali atom is enclosed in a cage in this network and presumably is not behaving as an ion.
Prolonged Immunosuppression and Tumor Induction by a Chemical Carcinogen Injected at Birth
Authors: Ball J. K. , Sinclair N. R. , McCarter J. A.
Published: October 2006

The injection of 60 micrograms of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene into newborn mice gave rise to a very high incidence of malignant thymomas. The tumor incidence was directly related to the dose of the carcinogen. The neonatal injection of the carcinogen also resulted in a depression in the immune response when the animals were challenged with an antigen as early as 4 weeks or as late as 11 weeks after administration of the carcinogen.
Strontium Uptake in Rats on Alginate-Supplemented Diet
Authors: Harrison George E. , Humphreys Eric R. , Sutton Alice , Shepherd Hilda
Published: October 2006

Rats were fed a basic diet supplemented with sodium alginate and with tracer amounts of strontium-85 and calcium-45. Absorption of strontium was always inhibited by the alginate to a greater extent than absorption of calcium. Discrimination against strontium was greatest in alginate containing a high proportion of guluronic acid.
Circadian Rhythms in Rats: Effects of Random Lighting
Authors: Holmquest D. L. , Retiene K. , Lipscomb H. S.
Published: October 2006

Increase in body weight, spontaneous running activity, and adrenal cortical function have been studied in rats exposed to a random lighting schedule. In two separate experiments, grouped control animals were given 12 or 14 hours of light alternating with 12 or 10 hours of darkness, respectively, while corresponding grouped experimental animals were given the same total amounts of light and darkness per 24 hour period in a randomized pattern. Random light for periods of 17 to 40 days exerted no influence on growth rate, on weights of endocrine organs, or on adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. However, the physiological fluctuation of group running activity and adrenal steroid secretion was abolished. Group desynchronization and the development of circadian rhythms having periods both shorter and longer than 24 hours appear to have replaced the synchronized group rhythmicity.
Radiocarbon Chronology of Late Pleistocene Deposits in Northwest Washington
Authors: Easterbrook D. J.
Published: October 2006

Fourteen radiocarbon dates of shells and wood from late Pleistocene sediments in northwest Washington provide evidence for correlation of the Everson interstadial with the Two Creeks interval of the midcontinent and suggest possible correlations between the Sumas and Valders stadials and between the Vashon stadial and part of the Tazewell-Cary advances.
Homocystinuria: Excretion of a New Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid in Urine
Authors: Perry Thomas L. , Hansen Shirley , Bar Hans-Peter , MacDougall Lynne
Published: October 2006

An unusual homocysteine-containing compound, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-5′-
S
-homocysteinylriboside, was isolated from the urine of a child with homocystinuria and detected in the urines of six homocystinurics. Its metabolic origin is not clear, and the data suggest the existence in man of now unknown alternate pathways for the metabolism of methionine and of purines.
Mouse Complement: Influence of Sex Hormones on Its Activity
Authors: Weintraub Ronald M. , Churchill Winthrop H. , Crisler Crile , Rapp Herbert J. , Borsos Tibor
Published: October 2006

Sex hormones influence the hemolytic activity of one or more of the late-acting components of complement measured in the presence of trisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The titers of the late-acting components in the serums of male mice, normally tenfold higher than those of females, fell after castration, becoming about the same as those of females. The titers of the serums from females rose after these mice were castrated, but castration did not affect the activities of the first, second, and fourth components of complement. Serums of normal and castrated mice of both sexes treated with testosterone showed increased late-acting component activity, whereas the estrogen caused decreased activity. Treatment in vitro of mouse serum with these hormones had no effect on the activity of late-acting components.
Enzyme Action: Comparison on Soluble and Insoluble Substrate
Authors: Schurr J. M. , McLaren A. D.
Published: October 2006

The action of trypsin on gelatin solution is compared with its action on swollen gel microspheres in suspension. Both the solution gelatin and gel spheres, which are readily permeable to the enzyme, follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent rate constants for dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complexes to hydrolysis products are essentially the same for both solution gelatin and spheres, an indication that gel structure in this system has a negligible influence on reaction rate once the enzyme forms a complex with the substrate. In contrast, the Michaelis constant for the gel system is greater than that for solutions below the melting point of the gel; this difference disappears as the melting point of the gel is approached.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Resistance to Deoxycholate Lysis in HeLa Cells
Authors: Melnykovych George
Published: October 2006

HeLa cells exposed to low concentrations of prednisolone and other glucocorticoids acquired resistance to lysis with sodium deoxycholate. The effect showed considerable specificity by being confined to steroids that cause elevation of alkaline phosphatase in tissue culture and are known to have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
Adenosine Triphosphate: Protection against Radiation-Induced Chromosome Loss in
Drosophila
Authors: Mittler Sidney , U Raymond
Published: October 2006

Injection of 5 milligrams of adenosine triphosphate per milliliter into adult
Drosophila melanogaster
X
c2
yB/sc
8
y
+
4 to 8 hours old either immediately before or after administration of 2000 roentgens of x-rays protected those cells in spermatogenesis which were in or near meiosis from the loss of the ring X or the y
+
portion of Y chromosome. The loss of the chromosomes was determined by appearance of exceptional XO males in the offspring.
Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Units in the Optic Nerve of the Ground Squirrel
Authors: Michael Charles R.
Published: October 2006

These units responded vigorously to stimuli moving entirely across their receptive field centers in one direction (preferred) and not at all when the direction of motion was reversed (null). The directional selectivity was the result of an inhibitory mechanism which prevented responses to null movements. Surrounding each field center was a concentric antagonistic region produced by a second inhibitory mechanism.
N
-Acetylhistidine Isolated from Frog Heart
Authors: Kuroda Yoshio , Ikoma Tatsuo
Published: October 2006

A diazo-positive compound was found in an extract of frog heart. This substance showed a negative ninhydrin reaction and had on a paper chromatogram developed with a phenol-hydrochloric acid solvent system a higher

R
F

than carnosine. The substance, isolated by chromatography, was identified as
N
-acetyl-
L
-histidine.
Polymorphism in Some Nearctic Halictine Bees
Authors: Knerer G. , Atwood C. E.
Published: October 2006

Average difference in size between queens and workers of four social Halictinae common to southern Ontario ranges from 6 percent in
Augochlorella striata
(Prov.) to 15 percent in
Evylaeus cinctipes
(Prov.). Spring larvae receive. provisions averaging 33.9 milligrams and become small workers; summer larvae consume on average 61.7 milligrams and develop into large queens and males.
Retrograde Melting in the System Mg-Fe-Si-O
Authors: Speidel David H. , Nafziger Ralph H.
Published: October 2006

Under certain limits of oxygen fugacity and temperature in the system Mg-Fe-Si-O the crystalline assemblage of olivine, tridymite, and metallic iron will produce liquid with cooling. Changes in composition, accompanying changes in temperature, of the olivine phase cause exothermic oxidation of the metallic iron, providing enough heat to produce liquid.
Maternal Effect in Dental Traits of the House Mouse
Authors: Tenczar Paul , Bader Robert S.
Published: October 2006

The size of the second and third mandibular molar teeth of inbred mice is altered if the mice are fostered on a different strain. The dental change is opposite in direction to that of body weight. The prenatal and postnatal components of variance are correlated with the developmental histories of the two tooth types.
Uric Acid Dihydrate: Crystallography and Identification
Authors: Shirley Robin
Published: October 2006

Unit-cell dimensions and optical data for uric acid and uric acid dihydrate show that there are structural resemblances, but that either can be readily distinguished by x-ray methods or by optical techniques. Density separation may be unsatisfactory because the dihydrate can lose water rather easily. Powder diffraction data are given.
Immunoglobulin Structure: Variation in the Sequence of Bence Jones Proteins
Authors: Titani Koiti , Whitley Edward , Putnam Frank W.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of the amino acid sequence of one Bence Jones protein is almost complete. Many points of interchange occur in the amino terminal portion of the molecule relative to partial-sequence data for other proteins. Most, but not all, are, compatible with one-step mutations. Such structural variation in immunoglobulin light chains may result from many related genes.
Light-Chain Heterogeneity of Cold Agglutinins
Authors: Costea Nicolas , Yakulis Vincent , Heller Paul
Published: October 2006

Cold agglutinins with specificity to I or to i antigens of human-adult or cord-blood erythrocytes produced during the course of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infection and infectious mononucleosis contain light chains of K and L types. However, cold agglutinin isolated from the serums of patients with chronic cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia contains only type K light chains. The experimental evidence suggests that some cold agglutinins contain both types of light chains in the same molecule.
Gibberellic Acid: Effects of Feeding in an Artificial Diet for Honeybees
Authors: Nation I. I. , Robinson F. A.
Published: October 2006

Complete larval and pupal development occur in colonies of honeybees when adult bees are allowed to feed upon an artificial diet containing gibberellic acid. In the absence of gibberellic acid larvae die in the 3rd or 4th day of development.
Nitrogen- and Helium-Induced Anoxia: Different Lethal Effects on Rye Seeds
Authors: Latterell R. L.
Published: October 2006

Prolonged exposures to acute anoxia caused progressive reductions in the viability of hydrated seeds of Prolific rye. For equal exposures of 9 days or longer, mortality was significantly higher in helium than in nitrogen. The findings suggest that prolonged use of helium as a component of atmospheres in manned space capsules may be harmful.
Sleep Deprivation in the Rat
Authors: Levitt Robert A.
Published: October 2006

Sleep deprivation, induced by injections of dextroamphetamine or by forced treadmill activity, resulted in a temporary increase in daily sleep time. However, increasing the period of sleep deprivation above 24 hours to 72 or 120 hours did not result in increased recovery sleep above that present in the 24-hour group.
Radioautographic and Electron-Microscopic Evidence of Rapid Uptake of Antigen by Lymphocytes
Authors: Han Seong S. , Johnson Arthur G.
Published: October 2006

Iodine-125-labeled ferritin molecules were detected by radioautography in the sinuses of the rat popliteal lymph node shortly after injection into the foot pad; they appeared to be taken up by macrophages and phagocytic reticular cells. Electron microscopic examination of the same tissue also revealed ferritin molecules within small lymphocytes as early as 5 minutes after injection. The antigen appeared to be taken up by the process of pinocytosis and was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. While the number of ferritin molecules observed in the lymphocyte was much less than that taken into the inacrophage, the observation is significant in understanding the role lymphocytes play during the early phase of antibody response.
RNA Composition and Base Pairing
Authors: Traub W. , Elson D.
Published: October 2006

If RNA may contain a small proportion of adenine-guanine base pairs, these could interrupt the continuity of helical structure in a polynucleotide, in keeping with current theories of RNA structure, and could also account for the experimentally observed tendency for 6-amino bases to equal 6-keto bases and for purines to exceed pyrimidines.
Beta-1C-Globulin: Metabolism in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Alper Chester A. , Levin Alan S. , Rosen Fred S.
Published: October 2006

The metabolism of β
1C
-globulin labeled with iodine-131 was studied in six normal individuals and in three individuals with glomerulonephritis who exhibited markedly reduced serum concentrations of this protein. Fractional catabolic rates were similar in both groups, and therefore the low concentration of serum β
1C
-globulin in glomerulonephritis appears to be chiefly secondary to decreased synthesis.
Opposite Responding in Two Sense Modalities
Authors: Moffett A. , Ettlinger G.
Published: October 2006

Monkeys were trained to respond in one way to a pair of solid objects when discrimination was by touch; in the opposite way, when by vision. These opposite habits are formed independently and can be used concurrently. The finding suggests that the neural systems responsible for tactile and visual learning are separate, even with a single pair of objects.
Decametric Radio Pulses from Jupiter: Characteristics
Authors: Olsson C. N. , Smith Alex G.
Published: October 2006

On occasion the decametric radio bursts from Jupiter contain pulses of millisecond duration. Study of data for 2 years shows that the distribution in Jovian longitude of these fast pulses is different from that of the more common pulses of longer duration. The two classes of pulses also appear to be differently affected by the position of the innermost Galilean satellite.
Drifting Organisms in the Precambrian Sea
Authors: Milton Daniel J.
Published: October 2006

Drag marks in the Upper Precambrian Winnall Beds of central Australia were made by semibuoyant flexible objects at least 15 centimeters long, which presumably were algae. This find extends the range of such marks into the Precambrian era and supplements the discovery of microflora in the same sedimentary sequence.
Rat Mammary Gland RNA: Incorporation of C
14
-Formate and Effect of Hormones and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[
a
]anthracene
Authors: Libby Paul R. , Dao Thomas L.
Published: October 2006

In female rats, the incorporation of sodium C
14
-formate into mammary gland RNA decreases immediately after a single feeding of 20 milligrams of 7,12-dimethylbenz[
a
]anthracene. In males, there is a gradual increase in the incorporation. In castrated rats, the decrease or increase of C
14
-formate incorporation is dependent on the presence of estrogen or androgen, respectively.
Vacuum Welding of Olivine
Authors: Bell P. R.
Published: October 2006

Welding of olivine was demonstrated by grinding it in a ball mill in an atmosphere of about 2 × 10
-7
torr. Most of the sample adhered strongly to the container and grinding balls although adhesion in air is only slight. Similar adhesion should be expected on the lunar surface and may account for the roughness needed to explain the optical properties of the moon and the detail of the Luna 9 photographs.
Neutral Hydrogen Survey of Andromeda Galaxy
Authors: Brundage W. D. , Kraus J. D.
Published: October 2006

A neutral hydrogen survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) has been conducted with the 260-foot (80m) Ohio State University radio telescope. The neutral hydrogen is concentrated in the spiral arm regions, with but relatively small amounts near the center of the galaxy. Similar deficiencies have been found near the center of M33 and our galaxy, suggesting similar evolutionary processes in the three galaxies.
Scaling of Musical Preferences by the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Koh Soon Duk , Koh Tong-He
Published: October 2006

The ability of institutionalized retardates in scaling musical preferences was compared with that of normals. The retardates' scale values and scale forms obtained by two kinds of scaling procedures are very similar to those of normals. Deficits, however, are observed in their lower internal consistency and relative uncertainty and in higher response polarization and perseveration.
Glial Responses to Degenerating Cerebellar Cortico-nuclear Pathways in the Cat
Authors: Eager Robert P. , Eager Patricia R.
Published: October 2006

Astrocytic changes in regions of long-term, cerebellar corticonuclear degeneration are characterized by large increases in cytoplasmic volume, as well as by formation of vacuoles and fibrils. Lipids are demonstrable in the vacuoles with oil red-O staining.
Immunoglobulin M Allotypes of the Rabbit: Identification of a Second Specificity
Authors: Sell Stewart
Published: October 2006

Rabbit antiserums, originally prepared to react specifically with rabbit immunoglobulin allotypes Ab5 and Ab6, also react with some normal rabbit serums that clearly do not contain Ab5 or Ab6 allotypes. This reaction is due to antigenic specificity present on rabbit immunoglobulin M (IgM) and not on rabbit immunoglobulin G. Serums that contain this IgM allotype do not react with an antiserum that reacts with the known rabbit IgM allotype, Ms1. This specificity may therefore be identified as a second rabbit IgM allotype, Ms2.
Chainpur-like Chondrites: Primitive Precursors of Ordinary Chondrites?
Authors: Schmitt R. A. , Smith R. H. , Goles G. G.
Published: October 2006

Chainpur and similar, apparently primitive, chondritic meteorites may be precursors of ordinary chondrites; a variety of evidence supports this working hypothesis. In general, carbonaceous chondrites seem to be related collaterally to this genetic sequence rather than being direct ancestors of ordinary chondrites. Metamorphic processes may be responsible for fractionations of elements such as indium and iodine, and type-II carbonaceous chondrites seem to be more primitive than types I or IIIA.
Potassium: Rubidium Ratio in Ultramafic Rocks: Differentiation History of the Upper Mantle
Authors: Stueber Alan M. , Murthy V. Rama
Published: October 2006

The increase in K:Rb ratio with decrease in potassium content found in basaltic rocks does not seem to apply to ultramafic rocks. The ratios in a series of alpine ultramafic rocks and ultramafic inclusions in basals and kimberlite pipes are about 200 to 500—significantly lower than those in oceanic tholeiites. This characteristic of ultramafic rocks appears to be consistent with a simplified model in which early differentiation of the primitive mantle led to formation of an upper mantle region enriched in alkali elements and having a low K:Rb ratio. Alpine ultramafic rocks may be residuals from such an upper mantle region.
Antarctic Pack Ice: Boundaries Established from Nimbus I Pictures
Authors: Predoehl Martin C.
Published: October 2006

Television and photofacsimile-constructed infrared pictures taken by the Nimbus I meteorological satellite between 28 August and 22 September 1964 were analyzed for indications of the pack-ice boundary around Antarctica. Mean ice boundaries were established around the entire continent from both TV and infrared pictures, from which were estimated pack-ice areas of 19.81 by 10
6
and 16.78 by 10
6
square kilometers, respectively; the difference is attributed to difference in subjective discernment of a boundary.
Potential Freshwater Reservoir in the New York Area
Authors: Gerard Robert D.
Published: October 2006

Estimates of the water budget of Long Island Sound suggest that it could become the largest reservoir in the United States, with a freshwater surplus equal to 12 times the present needs of New York City. The engineering aspects of this undertaking are within the scope of present technology. The dam structures required to isolate this area from the sea could serve as important highway links in place of highway-bridge projects presently under study.
Effect of Temperature on the Life of Soap Bubbles, and Their Solidification at Low Temperature
Authors: Grosse Aristid V.
Published: October 2006

Soap bubbles (also films on wire frames) have been solidified at low temperatures. At ∼ -30°C the bubbles still behave normally, that is, they can be expanded by blowing air into them and contract when the air is let out. At ∼ -80°C they become glassy, have very little surface tension, and cannot be blown up any more. At ∼ -120°C they become completely solid. No further change is observed by cooling them to 90° or 77°K.
Retrograde Amnesia: Effects of Handling and Microwave Radiation
Authors: Bryan Robert N.
Published: October 2006

Rats that were irradiated with microwaves immediately after the training trial in a one-trial shock-avoidance learning task retained the conditioned avoidance response 24 hours later. However, rats that were handled a few minutes each day for 3 days before the experiment did not retain the response, although they were capable of learning in a later test.
Speech Duration Effects in the Kennedy News Conferences
Authors: Ray Michael L. , Webb Eugene J.
Published: October 2006

Transcripts of the 61 regular Kennedy news conferences were examined in an attempt to provide a replication of the "speech duration effect" previously found in two-person interviews and during manned space flight. A positive relation was found between the length of the reporters' questions and the length of the President's answers.
Bipiperidyl Mustard, A New Obesifying Agent in the Mouse
Authors: Rutman Robert J. , Lewis Florence S. , Bloomer William D.
Published: October 2006

Bipiperidyl mustard, after conversion to its bis-cyclic immonium ion form, has been found to cause rapid and extensive lipid deposition in mice given single doses of the drug. The obesity appears to result from an alkylation reaction; the responses of the treated animals to food restriction and realimentation resemble those observed in gold thioglucose-treated mice; also in analogy to gold thioglucose, the bipiperidyl mustard effects can be counteracted by sulfhydryl compounds. These observations are suggestive of a similarity of mode of action between the alkylating agent and gold thioglucose, a conclusion which is supported by preliminary findings of ventromedial lesions in the hypothalamus of the bipiperidyl mustard-treated mice.
Amnesia or Reversal of Forgetting by Anticholinesterase, Depending Simply on Time of Injection
Authors: Deutsch J. A. , Leibowitz Sarah Fryer
Published: October 2006

The effect of intracerebral injections of the anticholinesterase drug diisopropyl fluorophosphate in rats was to produce good recall of an otherwise almost forgotten habit learned 28 days before. The same injections produced temporary amnesia for the same habit, otherwise well remembered, learned 14 days before. The injections had no effect on the memory of the same habit when it was only partly learned 14 days before. The results support the hypothesis that the physiological basis of memory lies in an increase, and forgetting in a decrease, in synaptic conductance.
Luna 9 Photographs: Evidence for a Fragmental Surface Layer
Authors: Gault Donald E. , Quaide William L. , Oberbeck Verne R. , Moore Henry J.
Published: October 2006

The morphological features of the lunar surface photographed by Luna 9 indicate a surficial layer of weakly cohesive to noncohesive fragmental material. Most of this material is finer than a centimeter and probably finer than a few millimeters, although objects of centimeter size and larger are plentiful.
Intracranial Mobility in the Coelacanth
Authors: Thomson Keith Stewart
Published: October 2006

Analysis of the jaw mechanism of the coelacanth
Latimeria
shows' that the action of the intracranial articulation and the associated subcephalic muscles (a system unique to the Crossopterygii) is important in increasing the angle of the gape and the power of the bite. Maximum rotation at the intracranial joint is approximately 15 degrees.
Heat-Labile Serum Factor Required for Immunofluorescence of Polyoma Tumor Antigens
Authors: Takemoto Kenneth K. , Malmgren Richard A. , Habel Karl
Published: October 2006

The immunofluorescent demonstration of polyoma tumor antigens in tumor cells requires a heatlabile serum component. With unheated hamster tumor serum, specific fluorescence was observed in polyoma-transformed hamster, mouse, and rat tumor cells. Heated serum usually gave little or no reactivity; the activity of such heated serum could be restored simply by the addition of fresh normal unheated hamster serum.
Plasma Replacement for in vitro Culture of
Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Geiman Quentin M. , Siddiqui Wasim A. , Schnell Jerome V.
Published: October 2006

Of six fractions of human plasma tested, only Cohn's fraction IV-4 was effective for the replacement of whole plasma from monkey (
Macaca mulatta
) for the in vitro culture of
Plasmodium knowlesi
. The effects observed on multiplication and morphology of parasites suggest a specific role of some substance or substances in fraction IV-4.
Alpha Globulin Injections and Decreased Gamma Globulin Production in Chickens
Authors: Kamrin Benjamin B.
Published: October 2006

Electrophoretic analysis shows a strong similarity in the blood serums of chickens subjected to egg parabiosis and of chickens repeatedly injected with fraction IV (alpha globulins). In both instances there is an evident rise in the albumin-plus α
1
titer and an evident decrease in the gamma globulin levels. These findings suggest that the injection of alpha globulins has the same serum effect on the animal as parabiotically induced blood chimerism, namely, a reduction in circulating gamma globulin (immunoglobulins?).
High-Pressure Reactions and Shear Strength of Serpentinized Dunite
Authors: Sclar C. B. , Carrison L. C.
Published: October 2006

The recently reported pronounced decrease in shear strength of serpentine-bearing rocks at 30 to 40 kilobars in the temperature range 300° to 520°C may be attributed to the transformation of serpentine to a pressure-dependent, 10-angstrom, 2:1 layer silicate plus brucite and periclase. This reaction increases density by about 8.5 percent.
Cilia Isolated from
Tetrahymena
after Membrane Stabilization by 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene
Authors: Culbertson Jon R.
Published: October 2006

The tendency for
Tetrahymena pyriformis
cells to lyse when they are centrifuged at speeds above 120g and then exposed to an ethanolic deciliating medium is inhibited by treatment with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. This treatment facilitates greater yields and purer preparations of isolated cilia. Cilia from treated and untreated cells do not differ in some of their biochemical properties.
Sporulation of
Minchinia nelsoni
(Haplosporida: Haplosporidiidae) in
Crassostrea virginica
(Gmelin)
Authors: Couch John A. , Farley C. Austin , Rosenfield Aaron
Published: October 2006

Minchinia nelsoni
, which Haskin, Stauber, and Mackin found in connective tissue and-digestive diverticula of the American oyster, is characterized by a distinct peripheral endosome in its plasmodial and spore nuclei and by spores of unique dimension (7.5 by 5.4 μ). This species is believed to be the etiologic agent, formerly reported as "MSX," responsible for extensive oyster mortalities along the Middle Atlantic Coast.
Ascending and Descending Cholinergic Fibers in Cat Spinal Cord: Histochemical Evidence
Authors: Gwyn D. G. , Wolstencroft J. H.
Published: October 2006

The distribution of fibers staining for cholinesterase in the spinal cord of the cat was examined after hemisection at the level of the third cervical segment (C3), of the tenth thoracic segment (Ti 0), or of the first lumbar segment (LI). An accumulation of cholinesterase was found in many fibers of the cord both rostral and caudal to the lesion, the distribution being different in the two regions. These experiments indicate that there are ascending and descending cholinergic fibers in cat spinal cord.
Polyteny: A Source of Cryptic Speciation among Copepods
Authors: McLaren I. A. , Woods Susan M. , Shea J. R.
Published: October 2006

A large form of the copepod
Pseudocalanus
is found in two warm, semi-landlocked fiords in arctic Canada, together with a similar but smaller form attributable to the widespread
P. minutes
. The large form has the same chromosome number as
P. minutes
, but has larger chromosomes and a higher nuclear DNA content. There are suggestions in the literature that other similar polytenic and cryptic species occur among copepods.
Circadian Rhythm for Tryptophan Pyrrolase Activity and Its Circulating Substrate
Authors: Rapoport Morton I. , Feigin Ralph D. , Bruton Joseph , Beisel William R.
Published: October 2006

Hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase and its circulating substrate, whole blood tryptophan, have a circadian rhythmicity in mice. Intact adrenocortical function is required for the normal rhythmicity of both enzyme and substrate although an altered but less apparent rhythm persists in the adrenalectomized state.
Growth-Inhibiting Action of Tris(1-Aziridinyl)-Phosphine Oxide in Grasses
Authors: Holmsen Theodore W. , Leasure J. Keith
Published: October 2006

Tris(1-aziridinyl)-phosphine oxide inhibits the growth of seedling grasses with concomitant accumulation of anthocyanins and exudation of sap. Treated plants are deficient in cell-wall materials. However, the percentage of other metabolic products, such as protein and simple sugars, is increased. We suggest that this compound inhibits cellular expansion by cross-linking with cellulose in the plant cell wall.
Gibrel: Effect on Decomposition of Plant Materials
Authors: Chandra P. , Bollen W. B.
Published: October 2006

Gibrel, a potassium salt of gibberellic acid, was added to various crop residues and industrial wastes, in the presence of ample nutrients, at the rate of 50 parts per million; with and without Gibrel, samples were incubated for 45 days at 35°C. Presence of Gibrel enhanced biologic decomposition of the materials; Gibrel can be used as an "activator" in composting.
Antibodies to photoproducts of Deoxyribonucleic Acids Irradiated with Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Levine Lawrence , Seaman Edna , Hammerschlag Ellen , Van Vunakis Helen
Published: October 2006

A rabbit immunized with complexes of methylated bovine serum albumin and ultraviolet-irradiated DNA from calf thymus produced antibodies directed toward the photoproducts in the DNA. Serologic activity appeared after irradiation of DNA at 270 mμ and decreased upon irradiation at 235 mμ. The antigenic determinants of the ultraviolet-treated DNA appear to be photoproducts associated primarily with thymine, as measured by direct dependence of serologic activity on the adenine-thymine content of the DNA, and by inhibition of the serologic reaction by the irradiated di-, tri-, and tetra-(thymidine-5′-phosphate) nucleotides.
Thyroglobulin: Evidence for Crystallization and Association
Authors: Jakoby W. B. , Labaw L. , Edelhoch H. , Pastan I. , Rall J. E.
Published: October 2006

Crystals of thyroglobulin have been obtained from ammonium sulfate solutions and have been examined by electron microscopy as shadowed carbon replicas. Unit size in the crystal is 228 ± 9 angstroms, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 5,300,000. Data are in accord with the possibility that this unit represents a polymer of thyroglobulin.
Detection of Relativistic Particles
Authors: Yuan Luke C. L.
Published: October 2006

It appears possible to extend the application of most of the existing detection techniques to the identification and separation of charged particles in the relativistic energy region. One can probably extend these applications, in certain limited cases, up to an energy region of several hundred billion electron volts. However, for general applications in the identification of particles in the ultrarelativistic region, the existing detectors are rather limited, and new methods and approaches are desirable. At present, detectors making use of the relativistic rise effect seem to show considerable promise.
Sterilization by Electrohydraulic Treatment
Authors: Allen Merton , Soike Kenneth
Published: October 2006

Electrohydraulic treatment was applied to suspensions of
Escherichia coli
, spores of
Bacillus
subtilis var. niger,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, and bacteriophage T-2, as well as to raw municipal sewage. These suspensions were all sterilized. Data are presented to show the different degrees of treatment required for each microorganism.
Viral Neoplastic Transformation of Hamster Pineal Cells in vitro: Retention of Enzymatic Function
Authors: Wells Samuel A. , Wurtman Richard J. , Rabson Alan S.
Published: October 2006

Cultures of hamster pineal tissue infected with certain oncogenic DNA viruses undergo neoplastic transformation and produce tumors when injected into homologous hosts. Hydroxyindole-
O
-methyl transferase, an enzyme found exclusively in the pineal gland, is present in low concentrations in transformed pineal cells in vitro and in larger amounts in tumors produced by the injected cells. This enzyme is not present in several nonpineal tissues similarly transformed.
Protoplasts: Preparation from Higher Plants
Authors: Ruesink Albert W. , Thimann Kenneth V.
Published: October 2006

Protoplasts can be readily prepared from higher-plant tissue with a concentrated
Myrothecium
cellulase preparation. An ionic osmoticum produced a higher yield and more viable protoplasts than did the nonionic mannitol osmoticum. Addition of polyuronidases or of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate did not increase the yield. Protoplasts could be prepared from root, leaf, and callus tissue as well as from coleoptiles.
Generation of Light from Free Electrons
Authors: Salisbury Winfield W.
Published: October 2006

Experiments with the interaction of a rectangular cross-section beam of electrons which is brought into contact with a metallic diffraction grating produce light variable in wavelength throughout the visible spectrum. Continuous variation of the beam thickness shows that light is produced by electrons hundreds of wavelengths from the grating, if the side of the beam near the grating is in contact with it. The results can be accounted for by periodic accelerations of the electrons passing over the surface of the grating. These accelerations are caused by electrostatic forces which in turn are due to the average space-charge of sheets of electrons reflected from the grating surface, so that in their space-charge structure the periodicity of the grating rulings is preserved.
Hemoglobin Polymorphism in
Macaca nemestrina
Authors: Crawford Michael H.
Published: October 2006

Four hemoglobin phenotypes have been noted in the pigtailed monkey (
Macaca nemestrina
). Pedigree studies suggest a simple codominant Mendelian explanation for inheritance of three of these phenotypes, including one electrophoretically identical with human type A. The fourth type occurred in only one animal in this series.
Inherited Variations of Human Serum α
1
-Antitrypsin
Authors: Kueppers Friedrich , Bearn Alexander G.
Published: October 2006

The normal serum α
1
-antitrypsin migrates as a three banded pattern when separated electrophoretically in starch gel with a sodium acetateethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer of
p
4.95. The results obtained when certain inherited variants of the serum α
1
-antitrypsin are separated electrophoretically suggest that the previously described variations in the region preceding the albumin band represent inherited variations of the serum α
1
-antitrypsin.
Ribosomes from Pear Fruit
Authors: Ku Lily (Lim) , Romani Roger J.
Published: October 2006

Ribosomes, subunits and polysomes, have been isolated from cells of ripening (senescent) fruit. Sedimentation in sucrose gradients, sedimentation constants, and electron micrographs confirm the physical resemblance of fruit ribosomes to those from other living tissues.
Navigation of Single Homing Pigeons: Airplane Observations by Radio Tracking
Authors: Michener Martin C. , Walcott Charles
Published: October 2006

Navigation of homing pigeons was investigated by tracking their homeward flights from a light airplane. Released on successive days from a single training point 35 miles (56 kilometers) from home, individual pigeons, each carrying a transmitter, were repeatedly tracked back to their loft. No two tracks covered the same ground for even short distances, yet all tracks were within 10 miles of a straight line. Results from further releases north and south of the training point suggest that pigeons often use three methods in sequence to find home: compass orientation, bi-coordinate navigation, and orientation by familiar landmarks.