bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing genotype adaptability and stability in perennial forage breeding trials using random regression models for longitudinal dry matter yield data
Authors: Fernandes Filho Claudio Carlos , Lima Barrios Sanzio Carvalho , Santos Mateus Figueiredo , Nunes Jose Airton Rodrigues , do Valle Cacilda Borges , Jank Liana , Rios Esteban Fernando
Published: February 2025

Genotype selection for dry matter yield (DMY) in perennial forage species is based on repeated measurements over time, referred to as longitudinal data. These datasets capture temporal trends and variability, which are critical for identifying genotypes with desirable performance across seasons. In this study, we have presented a random regression model (RRM) approach for selecting genotypes based on longitudinal DMY data generated from 10 breeding trials and three perennial species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus), and brachiaria (Urochloa spp.). We also proposed the estimation of adaptability based on the area under the curve and stability based on the curve coefficient of variation. Our results showed that RRM always approximated the (co)variance structure into an autoregressive pattern. Furthermore, RRM can offer useful information about longitudinal data in forage breeding trials, where the breeder can select genotypes based on their seasonality by interpreting reaction norms. Therefore, we recommend using RRM for longitudinal traits in breeding trials for perennial species.
Initial single-institutional experience with salvage surgery for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hishida Tomoyuki , Oka Naoyuki , Yano Kaito , Omura Seiji , Okubo Yu , Masai Kyohei , Kaseda Kaoru , Ohgino Keiko , Terai Hideki , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Asakura Keisuke
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to assess surgical outcomes of salvage surgery for clinical stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 14 patients who underwent lung resection following systemic therapy between 2010 and 2022 were included in this study. Systemic therapy prior to surgery included agents including epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in 8 patients and non-TKI agents in 6 (chemotherapy alone: 4, chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs]: 2). During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, the EGFR-TKI group showed a favourable 5-year overall survival of 83%; however, it was due to treatment after relapse, and there were no 4-year relapse-free survivors. The non-EGFR-TKI group showed a 5-year relapse-free survival of 33%, and 2 patients have survived more than 3 years without any relapse and further treatment. When considering the role of surgery in multimodal treatment for initial c-stage IV NSCLC, salvage surgery following non-TKI therapy (chemotherapy with or without ICI) can be regarded as genuine salvage surgery.
Development and characterization of millet-based synbiotic paneer containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum microencapsulated using millet protein isolate and pectin
Authors: Sandhya S N , Karthika T , Swetha V , Jeevitha G C
Published: February 2025

The growing awareness of plant-based alternative protein is coupled with the demand for nutritious and functional foods. The present study explores the development of a novel synbiotic millet-based paneer to meet the needs of lactose-intolerant individuals and the growing demand for innovative functional food products. Protein isolates were extracted from foxtail and proso millet with a yield of 89 ± 0.53 and 90 ± 0.48%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of protein isolates showed characteristic peaks of secondary structures (amide I and II) with β-sheets as the predominant secondary structure. The protein and pectin (prebiotics) were used to microencapsulate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by freeze-drying. It has resulted in high encapsulation efficiency (91.78 ± 2.01–93.5 ± 3.02%) and excellent cell viability (91.79 ± 0.3–92.82 ± 0.2%). The microencapsulated probiotics were used to develop synbiotic millet-based paneer. Foxtail and proso millet-based paneer demonstrated high moisture (76.99 ± 0.08 and 79.62 ± 0.21%) and protein (13.24 ± 0.04 and 11.72 ± 0.03%) with low-fat content (1.9 ± 0.10 and 1.19 ± 0.09%), respectively, indicating better texture and yield of product. Microencapsulated L. plantarum in millet-based paneer, maintained higher viability (6.5 ± 0.2 log CFU/g) than non-encapsulated cells (4.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/g) after 8 days of storage (6 ± 2 °C). These findings highlight the potential of millet proteins for protein enrichment, effective microencapsulation, and the development of novel and nutritious probiotic-rich foods.
Hydrophobic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer inhibits peri-implantitis-causing bacterial adhesion on titanium materials
Authors: Akizuki Minato , Murakami Keiji , Sekine Kazumitsu , Murakami Akikazu , Kobayashi Koh , Matsuda Masaru , Matsumoto Haruka , Harata Eiji , Hamada Kenichi , Enggardipta Raras Ajeng , Fujii Hideki , Yumoto Hiromichi
Published: February 2025

Aims

To prevent peri-implantitis, we investigated the adhesion of periodontopathogenic bacteria to titanium surfaces using a hydrophobic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer to inhibit adhesion.

Method and results

We immersed titanium plates (TiPs) coated with a hydrophobic MPC polymer in a bacterial suspension for 30 min or 24 h and measured the number of adherent bacteria. Bacteria adhering to the TiPs were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mimicking an oral cavity, TiPs coated with MPC polymer and saliva, were immersed in bacterial suspensions of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans for 24 h, and adenosine triphosphate in the adherent bacteria was measured.

Bacterial adhesion was significantly inhibited on MPC polymer-coated TiPs after 30 min and 24 h. SEM results showed a similar trend. Bacterial adhesion was significantly inhibited on MPC polymer-treated TiPs in the presence of saliva, both before and after MPC treatment. Furthermore, their effectiveness was maintained when the MPC polymer-treated TiPs were stored in saline for 1 week.

Conclusions

Hydrophobic MPC polymer coating on TiP surface inhibited bacterial adhesion, indicating that it may be effective in preventing peri-implantitis.
Effects of high-fiber, high-fruit and high-vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention on the rectal tissue microbiome
Authors: Byrd Doratha A , Gomez Maria , Hogue Stephanie , Wan Yunhu , Ortega-Villa Ana , Warner Andrew , Dagnall Casey , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda , Albert Paul , Murphy Gwen , Sinha Rashmi , Vogtmann Emily
Published: February 2025

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that bacteria residing in colorectal tissue are plausibly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Prior studies investigated the effects of dietary interventions on the fecal microbiome, but few assessed colorectal tissue microbiome endpoints. We investigated the effects of a high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention on the rectal tissue microbiome in the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT).

Methods

PPT is a 4-year randomized clinical trial with intervention goals of consuming: 1) ≥ 18 g of fiber per 1,000 kcal/day; 2) ≥3.5 servings of fruits and vegetables per 1,000 kcal/day; and 3) <20% of kcal/day from fat. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized bacteria in rectal biopsies collected at baseline and the end of years 1 and 4 (N = 233 in intervention arm and N = 222 in control arm). We estimated effects of the intervention on alpha/beta diversity and relative abundance of a priori-selected bacteria using repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models.

Results

The intervention did not statistically significantly modify rectal tissue alpha diversity. Compared to the control arm, relative abundance of a priori-selected Porphyromonas (absolute intervention effects [standard errors] at T1 vs T0=–0.24 [0.07] and T4 vs T0=–0.12 [0.07]; P = .004) and Prevotella (absolute intervention effects at T1 vs T0=–0.40 [0.14] and at T4 vs T0=–0.32 [0.15]; P = .01) were more strongly decreased in the intervention arm.

Conclusion

The PPT intervention did not influence rectal tissue microbiome diversity nor the relative abundance of most bacteria, except for two oral-originating bacteria that were previously associated with CRC presence.

Original Clinical Trial Registry Number

NCT00339625
Solitary fibrous tumor in the pineal region: A series of 5 cases and literature review
Authors: Robins Shannon M , Rosenblatt Mary , Bruce Jeffrey N , Canoll Peter , Zanazzi George
Published: February 2025

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasms defined by the presence of a NAB2::STAT6 fusion and exhibit a broad range of behaviors. SFTs in the pineal region are poorly understood due to the limited number of reported cases. Here, we report a 48-year-old woman with a pineal region SFT who subsequently developed metastatic left para-falcine parieto-occipital and right lung upper lobe SFTs over the next 12 years. This was the only pineal SFT identified in an institutional cohort of 34 resected pineal region lesions. Review of another, much larger institutional cohort of pineal region lesions revealed 4 additional patients with SFT but none with extracranial metastasis. We present descriptions of their clinical presentations, treatments, histopathologic findings, available genomic alterations, and longitudinal outcomes. Finally, we performed a comprehensive literature search and identified 19 individual patients with pineal region SFTs. None of these reported neoplasms had an extracranial metastasis. Taken together, this work contributes to the growing body of data characterizing this rare tumor with aggressive potential and reinforces SFTs as a possible differential diagnosis for pineal region tumors.
Petersen’s space hernia as a complication of gastric bypass surgery: a case report
Authors: Palacios Mauricio Fabian , Guachilema Ribadeneira Alex Paul , Yepez Julio , Cisneros Andrea Lisintuña , Imbacuan Sandra Morocho , Verboonen Sergio
Published: February 2025

Internal hernia is the most common complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Although its incidence rate is low, hernias are becoming more common in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, with Petersen’s hernia being one of the most frequent. The symptoms of internal hernia are variable, and the sensitivity of imaging methods is limited, resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis of internal hernia by computed tomography. Surgery continues to be the first treatment option in patients presenting with clinical symptoms of obstruction after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Here, we present a case of intestinal obstruction secondary to Petersen’s hernia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the context of bariatric surgery.
X-ray spectral and timing properties of the black hole binary XTE J1859+226 and their relation to jets
Authors: Yamaoka Kazutaka , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , McCollough Michael L , Farinelli Ruben , Trushkin Sergei
Published: February 2025

We compiled the X-ray and soft gamma-ray observations of the Galactic black hole binary XTE J1859$+$226 in the 1999–2000 outburst from RXTE, ASCA, BeppoSAX and CGRO. Throughout systematic spectral analysis using a two-component model consisting of a multi-temperature accretion disk plus a fraction of its flux convolved with an empirical Comptonized powerlaw component, we found that the innermost radius ($r_{\rm in}$) and temperature ($T_{\rm in}$) of the disk are very variable with time in the rising phase of soft X-ray flux where Type-A/-B/C low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) were found. After this phase, $r_{\rm in}$ remains constant at around $60$ km assuming a distance of $8$ kpc and an inclination angle of $67^{\circ }$, and $T_{\rm in}$ smoothly decays with time. The constant $r_{\rm in}$ suggests a presence of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), with $r_{\rm in}$ repeatedly moving closer and farther away from the ISCO in the rising phase. Both disk parameters are remarkably correlated with independently analyzed timing properties such as QPO frequency and rms variability. Type-A/-B QPOs are seen only when $r_{\rm in}$ is close to the ISCO, while Type-C are seen when $r_{\rm in}$ is truncated and the frequency changes with a relation of $r^{-1.0}_{\rm in}$, supporting that Type-C QPOs occur at the inner edge of the truncated disk. Accurate determinations of the frequency–$r_{\rm in}$ relation for various objects should be a powerful tool to discriminate plausible Type-C QPO models. Furthermore, we suggest that jet ejection events may occur when $r_{\rm in}$ rapidly approaches to the ISCO, along with rapid changes of the disk flux, the rms variability, and the hardness ratio. A rapid shrinkage of $r_{\rm in}$ down to the ISCO can be a useful index as a precursor of radio flares for triggering target-of-opportunity observations and would provide constraints on jet launching mechanisms.
Application of Algorithm-Based Treatment Approach to Low Back Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Strickland Kyle J , Kim Howard S , Seitz Amee L
Published: February 2025

Low back pain accounts for nearly 4 million annual emergency department (ED) visits, and patient outcomes following an ED visit for low back pain are poor. Additionally, only a small portion of patients visiting the ED for low back pain follow-up with outpatient physical therapy within 3 months, despite established benefits of early versus delayed physical therapy referral such as improved patient outcomes, less opioid use, and reduced downstream health care utilization. Integrating a physical therapist directly into the ED care team can facilitate evidence-based guideline concordant care and improve patient outcomes, however, physical therapists who are staffed into this role from other settings may lack experience with evaluating and managing patients with acute low back pain. Additionally, there are several unique considerations of the ED care environment which may make existing treatment-based classification approaches difficult to apply in this setting, including physical constraints (eg, delivering care in stretchers and hallways), higher symptom severity and psychosocial stressors necessitating an emergency visit, and greater likelihood of alternative medical diagnoses (eg, kidney stone, aortic aneurysm) contributing to symptoms of low back pain. This perspective presents a modified ED treatment-based classification system (ED-TBC) for low back pain with 3 illustrative case examples. The ED-TBC for low back pain can be used to facilitate guideline concordant care, increase physical therapist confidence in evaluating low back pain in the ED, and reduce clinical practice variation.
Shorter reproductive time span and early menopause increase the risk of ACPA-negative inflammatory arthritis in postmenopausal women with clinically suspect arthralgia
Authors: Heutz Judith W , Boeren Anna M P , Claassen Stijn , van Mulligen Elise , de Jong Pascal H P , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The drop in oestrogen levels during menopause coincides with the peak incidence of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in women, suggesting a role of oestrogens in its pathophysiology. However, the timing of the effect of oestrogens during RA-development is unknown. Studies in the final phase of RA-development, from clinically suspect arthralgia(CSA) towards clinically apparent arthritis, are lacking. We hypothesized that shorter lifetime oestrogen exposure might be associated with a higher risk of inflammatory arthritis(IA)-development in women with CSA and studied this in two cohorts.

Methods

Consecutively included women from two independent CSA cohorts, including a total of 433 patients, were prospectively studied. Time to inflammatory arthritis(IA) and RA-development was compared for pre- vs postmenopausal women and, in postmenopausal women, for three measures of lifetime duration of oestrogen exposure: number of reproductive years, number of ovulatory years and early menopause. Analyses were stratified for ACPA-status.

Results

Postmenopausal women, compared with premenopausal women, had an increased risk for ACPA-negative IA (HR 2.9, 95%CI 1.05–8.0) but not for ACPA-positive IA (HR 0.8, 95%CI 0.4–1.9). Results were similar for RA-development. Furthermore, early onset of menopause (HR 11.1, 95%CI 2.4–51.1), lower number of reproductive years (HR per 1 year increase 0.88, 95%CI 0.78–0.99), and lower number of ovulatory years (HR per 1 year increase 0.88, 95%CI 0.78–0.99) increased the risk of ACPA-negative IA, but not ACPA-positive IA.

Conclusion

In patients with arthralgia at-risk for RA, lifetime exposure to oestrogens and/or the drop in oestrogen levels after menopause might play a role in the pathophysiology of ACPA-negative RA.
Locally advanced basal cell carcinoma treated with sonidegib: in vivo monitoring with line-field confocal optical coherence tomography
Authors: Cappilli Simone , Mannino Maria , Palmisano Gerardo , Bocchino Enrico , Piccerillo Alfredo , Paradisi Andrea , Di Stefani Alessandro , Peris Ketty
Published: February 2025

Background

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, including sonidegib and vismodegib, represent the treatment strategy for ‘difficult-to-treat’ basal cell carcinoma (BCC), encompassing, among others, locally advanced (laBCC) and metastatic BCC. Assessment of therapy response is challenging due to the presence of telangiectasia and scar tissue at the area of the BCC lesion. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new noninvasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution visualization of skin structures.

Objectives

To investigate the value of LC-OCT for the assessment of laBCC response to sonidegib therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients with laBCC treated with sonidegib in the period from May 2020 to May 2023. Patients with laBCC underwent LC-OCT at baseline before starting sonidegib, and after sonidegib discontinuation when clinical complete response (CR) was reached. A subset of patients underwent LC-OCT assessment during sonidegib therapy to assess tumour persistence.

Results

Twenty laBCCs in 20 patients [4 women, 16 men; mean (SD) age 76 (18) years] treated with oral sonidegib 200 mg daily were included in the study. Ten patients obtained an apparent clinical CR; LC-OCT imaging confirmed CR in 7/10 patients (70%), while in the remaining patients (3/10, 30%) LC-OCT revealed findings indicative of BCC non-CR. Ten patients were continuing sonidegib treatment: in this group LC-OCT revealed findings suggestive of BCC persistence in all 10 patients (100%).

Conclusions

In this study we provide preliminary results of the beneficial use of LC-OCT in the management of patients with laBCC treated with sonidegib therapy.
A rare case of aggressive pyoderma gangrenosum with Cogan syndrome in a person with skin of colour
Authors: Nadarajah Nageswary , Clark Lucy , Walton Shernaz
Published: February 2025

Cogan syndrome (CS) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis affecting the audiovestibular and ocular systems. Its pathogenesis is unknown. CS was classified into typical and atypical CS in 1980 to aid its diagnosis. Its association with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) has only been reported three times in the literature. This is also the first case of its occurrence in a person with skin of colour. CS is a diagnosis of exclusion and thus its diagnosis may present many challenges to healthcare professionals. Herein, we describe the case of a 75-year-old South Asian woman who presented acutely to the Stroke Unit following a right lacunar infarction which was treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. An enlarging nonhealing wound was noted at the site of a recent total left hip replacement. Intravenous antibiotics were started, with multiple surgical debridements performed. During admission, two new painful pustular skin lesions erupted on the chest and abdomen that ulcerated within 2 days. Painful ulcerated lesions with bluish undermined edges were also noted at the left hip wound and two pressure areas of the buttocks. A clinical diagnosis of PG was made and treatment was started with high-dose corticosteroids, which did not lead to improvement. The patient’s past medical history included left eye central retinal vein occlusion with recurrent uveitis and bilateral sensorineural deafness. A diagnosis of atypical CS was made. Four pulsed cyclophosphamide infusions and hyperbaric oxygen healed the lesions. This case demonstrates the complex interplay between PG and CS, which requires further research as it can result in significant morbidity.
In vitro and in vivo efficacity of the Active Oligo Skin complex™, a new active ingredient processed from sea water, on multiple parameters of atopic skins
Authors: Lebonvallet Nicolas , Catovic Chloé , Feuilloley Marc , Leschiera Raphael , Reux Alexia , Talagas Matthieu , Cousin Ianis , Misery Laurent , Simon Emilie , Chopin Sylvie , Gardères Johan
Published: February 2025

Background

Different symptoms are associated with atopic skin (AS), including dryness, pruritus and pain, impacting patients’ quality of life. The environment, microbiota, epidermis, immune and nerve cells are all implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic skin. Staphylococcus aureus is the focus of particular attention. Epidermis is implicated at multiple levels: inflammatory process, barrier, control of moisture and water loss. Sensory neurons that participate in cutaneous neurogenic inflammation and pruritus are seen as a potential new target. Specific management strategies, and future therapies for adults and children are needed to help in more refractory cases. As a baseline of management, guidelines recommend a therapy to moisturize the skin and maintain the skin barrier function, such as emollient.

Objectives

The objective of this work is to evaluate a new product in vitro and in vivo in order to validate the potential of its use to people with atopic skin or dry skin.

Methods

A specific mineral composition, Active Oligo Skin complex™, from sea water was developed and included in a balm. The effects of solution and balm containing the complex were evaluated in vitro on bacteria growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, different skin models, and in vivo on adult and young volunteers.

Results

In vitro, the complex modulated bacterial biofilm formation and growth, decreased the cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-4] and neuropeptides (SP) release, and increased the expression of CL1 and CL4. On volunteers with dry skin, the complex had a moisturizing effect after 1 h of application. Dryness and roughness were also reduced in young subjects with atopic skin. The balm decreased erythema and pruritus after 21 days of topical application on 60 young subjects. On 22 adult subjects the stinging score was decreased after application.

Conclusions

The Active Oligo Skin complex™ appears to display potent antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo.
Transcriptomic analysis identifies muscle-specific mitochondrial and vesicular transport genes as methylmercury toxicity targets in a Drosophila model of Congenital Minamata Disease
Authors: Beamish Catherine R , Becker Jennifer , Tam Lok Ming , Love Tanzy , Rand Matthew D
Published: February 2025

Prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure presents a heightened concern in early human development, as has been exemplified in historic cases of Congenital Minimata Disease (CMD). Children that experience CMD characteristically present with various degrees of cognitive and motor symptoms and signs, much like cerebral palsy. MeHg has thus been characterized as a neurotoxicant, where motor deficits are ascribed to central nervous system targets. Skeletal muscle as a post-synaptic MeHg target and contributor to the etiology of CMD has garnered far less attention. Prior studies using Drosophila to model CMD revealed that developmental exposure of MeHg in the larval/pupal stages can elicit graded and latent dose responses affecting adult flight behavior at lower doses (0.4-2.5 ppm in food) and eclosion (emergence from the pupa case) at higher doses (>2.5 ppm in food). The latter phenotype is accompanied by dysmorphogenesis of skeletal muscles. Here, we investigate respective roles for muscle and neural targets in MeHg toxicity. Using RNA-seq analysis, we find that developmental MeHg exposure produces 10-times as many differentially expressed transcripts in indirect flight muscle (IFM) compared to the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Among known MeHg response genes, Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway genes showed muscle-specific MeHg-induced expression changes. Within the muscle transcriptome, the most enriched and significant Gene Ontology terms identified genes required for mitochondrial ribosomal translation at the pupa stage and mitochondrial function (respiratory chain complex I) and vesicle trafficking (ESCRT III) pathways in adults, all showing decreased expression with MeHg exposure. By using an intact, whole-animal developmental model, we identify preferential candidates to evaluate a novel role for muscle-specific mitochondria and intercellular vesicular communication mechanisms as targets in MeHg toxicity and the etiology of CMD.
Significant Influence of Abemaciclib on Rivaroxaban
Authors: He Xiaoshuang , Ding Yongjie , Fang Jie , Zhao Juntao , Ma Xiaoli , Hu Fengmei , Qu Qing , Bian Xiaolan , Lu Qiuya
Published: February 2025

Background:

A patient was treated with abemaciclib and rivaroxaban. Therapeutic drug monitoring revealed high total plasma concentrations of rivaroxaban, which was identified as likely cause of abnormal bleeding. This result indicating that it was caused by drug–drug interaction.

Methods:

According to the pharmacokinetic profile, the concentrations of rivaroxaban, abemaciclib, and its metabolite (M2) were monitored.

Results:

The concentrations of abemaciclib and its metabolite (M2) decreased with the reduction in rivaroxaban dosage.

Conclusions:

This case study demonstrates the interactions between abemaciclib and rivaroxaban. For patients with complex medications, therapeutic drug monitoring can reduce the occurrence of adverse effects.
Impact of COVID-19 on Thrombotic Complications in Microsurgery: Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Outcomes Amid Pandemic
Authors: Zaki Daniel P. , Zeng Eric , Duet Mary L. , Stone Courtney E. , Giglio Robert S. , Tapp Marion W. , Llull Ramon , Calder Bennett W. , Robinson John M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Emerging research underscores the heightened risk of vasculitis and microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, alongside concerns about prothrombotic events post–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination. Following the pandemic’s end, we sought a comprehensive analysis to elucidate its impact on microsurgical thrombosis rates, informed by empirical and anecdotal evidence.

Methods:

An institutional review board–approved retrospective review analyzed autologous breast reconstruction cases in women from January 2019 to March 2022. Data on patient history, COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and postoperative complications were collected. Patients were categorized as prepandemic and pandemic, and based on COVID-19 influence (infection or vaccination) for statistical evaluation.

Results:

Among 527 patients, 216 underwent surgery prepandemic and 311 during the pandemic, revealing thrombotic event rates of 3.2% and 5.4%, respectively. Further comparative analysis showed no significant difference in thrombotic events among patients affected by COVID-19 through infection or vaccination during the pandemic.

Conclusions:

Contrary to concerns, COVID-19 infection or vaccination status does not significantly increase thrombotic event rates in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstructions. This study offers vital insights, affirming the safety and efficacy of microsurgical procedures amid the pandemic, thereby guiding microsurgeons in optimizing patient care in the post–COVID-19 era.
Knowledge About Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Acceptance of Infant Monoclonal Antibody for RSV and RSV Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Kuntz Jennifer L. , Babu Tara M. , Feldstein Leora R. , Englund Janet A. , Frivold Collrane J. , Groom Holly C. , Smith Ning , Varga Alexandra M. , Cox Sarah N. , Fortmann Stephen P. , Mularski Richard A. , Schmidt Mark A. , Weil Ana A. , Boisvert Cassandra L. , Hollcroft Madison , Hatchie Tara L. , Lo Natalie , MacMillan Melissa P. , Reich Sacha , Yetz Neil , Chu Helen Y. , Naleway Allison L.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants in the United States (US). RSV immunization, in the form of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) for infants and vaccines for pregnant people, may reduce infant RSV risk.

Methods:

In April and May 2023, we surveyed adults with children in Oregon and Washington about the likelihood to accept infant mAb and maternal RSV vaccine and RSV awareness. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of self-reported likelihood of accepting RSV immunization.

Results:

Among 1082 respondents, 68% and 70% responded they would very likely accept infant mAb or maternal RSV vaccine, respectively. Respondents had lower odds of accepting infant mAb (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07–0.15) and maternal RSV vaccine (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.12–0.23) if they were somewhat or very concerned about side effects. Respondents had higher odds of accepting infant mAb if they received an influenza vaccination (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.88–7.63). Respondents had higher odds of accepting maternal vaccine if they had an advanced degree (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.73), had received an influenza vaccination (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.80–7.25), or were aware of RSV before our survey (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03–4.01).

Conclusion:

Most respondents reported that they would likely accept RSV mAb for their infant or an RSV vaccine during pregnancy. Concerns about side effects lowered the odds of accepting immunization, however, nearly one-half of those concerned about side effects still expressed a high likelihood of accepting either immunization.
How Can We Accelerate Maternal Vaccination Globally?
Authors: Fay Kate , Groome Michelle J. , Barsosio Hellen , Seale Anna C.
Published: February 2025

New maternal vaccines could reduce infant deaths at and after birth, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Work is underway to prepare for new maternal vaccines globally, and the Maternal Immunization Readiness Network for Africa and Asia will support in-country preparation in several low- and middle-income countries. However, the impact of new maternal vaccines will only be realized with supportive policy recommendations and sufficient financing for the development of maternal immunization platforms.
Use of Routinely Collected “Real-world” Data for the Postlicensure Safety Assessment of Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Regan Annette K. , Rowe Stacey L.
Published: February 2025

Real-world data can be used to evaluate the postlicensure safety of vaccines during pregnancy. However, these studies often require special design considerations to minimize bias. We offer 4 recommendations for maximizing the use of real-world data for vaccine safety evaluations during pregnancy, including the application of robust methodology, standardized outcome definitions, global collaboration and platforms for data sharing.
Increasing Maternal Vaccination Awareness, by Working With Women Influencers in Kawempe Division, Uganda: A Brief Report
Authors: Kyohere Mary , Nalubega Phiona , Ssemere Hassan , Ssali Agnes , Le Doare Kirsty
Published: February 2025

Although the World Health Organization recommends 2 tetanus vaccine-containing injections in pregnancy, in Uganda, only 59.2% of pregnant women received a 2nd dose in 2022. We set out to (1) create awareness of maternal vaccine-preventable diseases, maternal immunization benefits and vaccination safety through the use of media; (2) determine the effectiveness of maternal immunization campaigns and (3) assess stakeholder’s acceptability of project interventions’ delivery methods.
Perception of a Novel Group B Streptococcus Vaccine Among Pregnant and Lactating Individuals
Authors: Sosa Monica , Haghighi Candace , Pike Mindy , Stolarczuk Jennifer E. , Martinez-King Carolina , Shree Raj , Eckert Linda O. , Englund Janet A. , Kachikis Alisa B.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Multivalent conjugate Group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccines are in development for use in pregnancy. We aimed to understand perceptions of a novel GBS vaccine among pregnant and lactating persons following the COVID vaccine experience.

Methods:

As part of an ongoing survey-based prospective cohort study, we conducted a follow-up survey with questions about GBS knowledge and acceptability of clinical trial participation for a novel GBS vaccine. Participants in this Institutional Review Board-exempt study completed surveys via REDCap survey online.

Results:

Among 14,903 participants who completed the follow-up survey, 1785 were pregnant, 6661 were lactating and 6457 were either recently pregnant or lactating or planning for pregnancy. Pregnant individuals were less likely to report that they would likely or extremely likely participate in a clinical trial for a GBS vaccine during pregnancy compared with people who were neither pregnant nor lactating (P < 0.001). In contrast, lactating individuals were more likely to report that they would likely or extremely likely participate in a clinical trial for a novel GBS vaccine in lactation compared with people who were neither pregnant nor lactating (P < 0.001). Most participants preferred protein-based (n = 10,214, 70.5%) and mRNA-based (n = 10354, 71.5%) vaccine platforms for GBS vaccines.

Conclusions:

Overall, our participants expressed a good understanding of GBS. There is a mixed acceptability of participation in a novel GBS vaccine clinical trial during pregnancy with a greater acceptability during lactation. The perspective of pregnant and lactating people is critically relevant as new vaccines are developed.
Comparative Analysis of Transplacental SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Transfer in Pregnancy Phenotypes With Pre-eclampsia and/or Small-for-gestational-age Infants
Authors: Kung Sharon , Pike Mindy , Eckert Linda O. , Cheu Lindsay A. , Paluvayi Sriya , McCartney Stephen A. , Englund Janet A. , Kachikis Alisa B.
Published: February 2025

We analyzed paired maternal and cord samples for anti-spike protein antibody levels from pregnant individuals who received at least 2 doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine before delivery and who had diagnoses consistent with placental dysfunction including pre-eclampsia and/or small-for-gestational-age infants. Our findings reveal similar median maternal and cord antibody levels across all groups despite the presence of these pregnancy complications.
Cytokine Levels in Mother-infant Pairs at Term and Preterm Delivery
Authors: Jennen Lisa , De Weerdt Louise , Kouriannidi Elli , Hanning Nikita , Toledo Cornejo Anniuska Suemy , Willen Laura , Maertens Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), in addition to the humoral immune response, is crucial in clearing infections. Cytokines are important mediators of the immune system and play a role during pregnancy and childbirth. This study assesses circulating cytokine levels in peripartum maternal and cord blood samples at term and preterm delivery.

Materials and methods:

Samples from 37 mother-infant pairs from a previously conducted maternal immunization study were used to quantify levels of 6 cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α] using the Meso Scale Discovery® ultrasensitive S-plex assay. The effect of various factors on measured cytokine levels was determined.

Results:

Weak to moderate correlations between maternal and cord blood cytokine levels were found. A trend for lower cytokine levels for preterm compared with term delivery was observed. The trend for lower cytokine levels was also seen for cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery and multiparous compared with primiparous women, but only in maternal serum samples. After correction for other variables, the effects of gestational age at delivery and parity were only significant for, respectively, IFN-γ and IL-6 in maternal serum.

Conclusions:

The assessment of circulating cytokine levels in mother-infant pairs at term and preterm deliveries provides a unique insight into the presence of cytokines in maternal and cord blood and their interplay at delivery. It also highlights the complexity of the maternal-fetal immune relationship and underscores the need for further investigation into the origin of cytokines in newborns and the impact of vaccination in pregnancy on CMI at delivery.
What Is the Impact of Maternal Pertussis Immunization in Pregnancy on the Quantity, Quality and Longevity of Infant Vaccine Responses?: A Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Saso Anja , Kampmann Beate
Published: February 2025

Immunizing pregnant women against pertussis has been a powerful tool adopted in many countries to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality from whooping cough in young infants when they are most vulnerable to complications and death. One of the main trade-offs, however, may be that maternally derived antibodies modify or modulate the infant’s own antibody responses to routine childhood vaccines, although whether this is both a quantitative and a qualitative phenomenon, and its long-term clinical and epidemiological implications remain largely unclear. This review will summarize our current understanding of the impact of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy not only on the quantity but also the quality and longevity of the infant’s antibody responses to pertussis and non–pertussis-related vaccine antigens in the primary immunization series. We will discuss the underlying mechanisms proposed to explain how maternal antibodies may have a modulating effect, and the existing data across different settings on whether this phenomenon has had any significant clinical consequences. Finally, we will outline potential strategies to further explore and/or mitigate these interactions in the future, including the key gaps in knowledge that must still be addressed to fully optimize maternal and early childhood immunization programs worldwide.
High Intention to Vaccinate Against Tuberculosis During Pregnancy and Lactation: Understanding Vaccine-specific Maternal Immunization Acceptance in Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Quincer Elizabeth M. , Gobezayehu Abebe Gebremariam , Belew Mulusew Lijalem , Endalamaw Lamesgin Alamineh , Tesfaye Yihenew Alemu , Shiferaw Meseret , Hussen Sophia Ahmed , Cranmer John N. , Omer Saad B. , Cranmer Lisa Marie
Published: February 2025

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) disease during pregnancy results in adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The development of a TB vaccine with potential for administration during pregnancy or lactation is a priority identified by the World Health Organization. We assessed the acceptability of vaccines currently administered during pregnancy [tetanus, diphtheria and COVID-19] and willingness to receive a new TB vaccine during pregnancy and/or lactation among Ethiopian women.

Methods:

From January to February 2022, we conducted surveys among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at 20 hospitals in Amhara, Ethiopia. We evaluated uptake of available vaccines (diphtheria), acceptance of new and future vaccines (COVID-19 and TB) during pregnancy and lactation, and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs associated with vaccine-specific acceptance.

Results:

Among 200 participants, we found high intention to receive a TB vaccine during pregnancy (90%) and lactation (92%) and low COVID-19 vaccine acceptance during pregnancy (40%) and lactation (47%). Most participants believed TB vaccination would protect their child from disease (82.5%) and have societal benefits (81.5%), while few women perceived the COVID-19 vaccine to offer protection (35.5%) or have societal benefits (42.5%). Intention to receive TB vaccination during pregnancy was associated with the belief that a future maternal TB vaccine would prevent TB among infants (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10–1.70). Most participants reported high acceptability of educational interventions to increase uptake of maternal immunization.

Conclusions:

We found high intention to receive a new TB vaccine during pregnancy and lactation among Ethiopian women. Our findings support vaccine-specific educational interventions to strengthen maternal immunization programs in Ethiopia.
Pharmacovigilance for Vaccines Used in Pregnancy: A Gap Analysis From Uganda
Authors: Nambasa Victoria Prudence , Ssebagereka Anthony , Ssali Agnes , Namugumya Ritah , Nalubega Phionah , Figueras Albert , Kajungu Dan , Koch Birgit , Le Doare Kirsty , Kampmann Beate
Published: February 2025

Background:

Despite the effectiveness of maternal vaccines, low- and middle-income countries grapple with inadequate safety monitoring systems. Robust safety surveillance is crucial to increasing vaccine confidence and timely identifying any potential safety signal that could put pregnant women and children at risk following vaccination. This study assessed the pharmacovigilance (PV) systems for vaccines used in pregnancy in Uganda.

Methods:

A qualitative study involves 13 key informant interviews and 8 focus group discussions among key stakeholders. Purposive sampling was used to select study participants. Data analysis was done using Miles and Huberman’s matrices approach and conducted in Atlas.ti software.

Findings:

A passive system involving multistakeholders at various levels of the healthcare structure existed but was inadequate for monitoring adverse events following maternal immunization. The existence of parallel reporting systems for vaccines was noted. Heavy workload, lack of feedback, inadequate knowledge to recognize and report adverse events following maternal immunizations and logistical challenges impeding reporting and follow-up were among the barriers to reporting. Electronic medical records, though underutilized for safety surveillance, offer promising potential.

Conclusions:

To address the specific needs of maternal vaccination, the PV system in Uganda needs improvement. A multipronged approach, including policy coherence, embracing active surveillance and leveraging existing birth outcome surveillance and electronic medical records, is essential. Harnessing healthcare provider knowledge and advisory committee capacity in causality assessment is also necessary. The study findings can inform priority interventions to enhance PV for existing and new maternal vaccines.
Diabetes mellitus awareness among students attending a public high school in Kurdistan Region of Iraq: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mosa Ahmed A. , Abdulqadir Hajar Hassan , Khalid Rojeen Chalabi , Mustafa Alaa Abdullah , Zaki Hajar Ahmed , Yousif Iman Ramadhan , Yaseen Osama Subhi , Dinkha Steven Esho , Khamo Haneen Majeed , Mohammad Ameen M.
Published: February 2025

Background and aim:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and a significant global concern due to its steadily increasing prevalence. Educating youths and adolescents about such diseases is crucial for promoting healthy lifestyle choices. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of public high school students about DM and identify areas where their understanding is lacking.

Materials and methodology:

In February 2023, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Duhok province of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The study enrolled 392 students from a public high school, who were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. This questionnaire had two sections: the first collected basic demographic information of the participants, while the second included 20 items assessing various aspects of DM knowledge, such as general information, risk factors, signs and symptoms, complications, and prevention.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 16.4 years (±0.71). Among the participants, 247 (63%) were female, and 190 (48.5%) had a positive family history of DM. Unfortunately, only 53 students (13.5%) had received training programs about the disease, although the vast majority (89.3%) expressed willingness to participate in the prevention programs. For 70.2% of the participants, family and friends were the primary sources of information. The mean knowledge score was 13.9 (±3), with an average correct answer rate of 68.55%. Female students, those with a positive family history, had significantly demonstrated a better overall knowledge score with a mean knowledge score of 14.14 ± 2.96 and 14.17 ± 2.98, respectively. Also, participants using multiple sources for information, and those who had received training programs on DM, demonstrated a better overall knowledge score with a mean score of 14.21 ± 2.90 and 14.34 ± 3.31, respectively. However, it missed the significance.

Conclusion:

The study participants exhibited good knowledge and awareness of DM. However, there were notable gaps in their understanding of the disease’s risk factors and complications. Therefore, we recommend incorporating health education programs and lifestyle modification initiatives into the school curriculum to enhance students’ knowledge and address the identified gaps.
Clinical implications of apolipoprotein L1 testing in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a review of diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Waheed Aiman , Gul Muhammad Hamza , Naeem Risha , Qayyum Sardar Noman , Batool Khizra , Shaukat Abeeha , Khan Nashmiya , Shah Safa Irfan , Siddiqui Aisha Rehman , Farooq Assad Ullah , Nasir Eeshah , Noori Samim
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome, contributing to 40% of adult and 20% of pediatric cases globally. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants, particularly G1 and G2 alleles, play a pivotal role in FSGS pathogenesis, particularly among African-Americans, where 30–40% carry these risk alleles. These variants impair APOL1 function, causing podocyte injury, proteinuria, and progressive kidney damage. Secondary triggers like infections exacerbate susceptibility. Advances in gene-editing technologies, including CRISPR, offer hope for targeted therapies in FSGS management.

Objectives:

This review explores the link between APOL1 variants and FSGS pathogenesis, focusing on their role in podocyte injury and assessing the utility of APOL1 genetic testing in diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Methodology:

A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO up to April 2024. Of 331 identified articles, 29 relevant studies were analyzed, emphasizing APOL1 variants’ role in FSGS and implications for genetic testing.

Results:

About 13% of African-Americans carry APOL1 risk alleles, with 30% having at least one allele. Two risk alleles increase lifetime FSGS risk to 4% and ESKD risk to 7–8%. APOL1-associated kidney damage primarily affects podocytes, accelerating glomerulosclerosis. Emerging treatments, such as inaxaplin, reduced proteinuria by 47%, with 40% achieving remission in FSGS cases linked to APOL1.