bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry to monitor chromium (VI) reduction by hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, and aluminum powder
Authors: Gossuin Yves , Duez Pierre , Blankert Bertrand , Masson Céline , Laurent Sophie , Rousseau Cédric
Published: January 2023

The reduction of K2Cr2O7 solutions by H2O2 was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and UV–vis spectroscopy in HCl/KCl buffer (pH 2), NaCl/glycine/HCl buffer (pH 3), and sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer (pH 4). Because of Cr(III) paramagnetism, 1/T1 and 1/T2 of the solutions increase during the reduction of diamagnetic Cr(VI). This increase is proportional to the produced Cr(III) concentration. Using different initial H2O2 concentrations, partially reduced Cr(VI) samples were prepared and studied by T1 and T2 relaxometry and by UV–vis spectroscopy. The correlation between the relaxation rates and the concentration of Cr(VI) remaining in the sample, measured by spectroscopy, was excellent. It was possible, thanks to the measurement of T2, to study the kinetics of the reduction of K2Cr2O7 by H2O2 in the pH 3 and pH 4 buffers. The reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbic acid was successfully monitored by NMR relaxometry in the pH 2 buffer. The presence of complexing molecules/ions was shown to drastically influence the nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles of reduced K2Cr2O7 solutions: Both relaxation rates are divided by ~5 when citrate or acetate ions are present and by ~3 in the presence of ascorbic acid. Therefore, the comparison of relaxation results obtained in different reaction mixtures must be done carefully. When all the solutions are set to pH 0, which prevents any complexation, the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of all samples become comparable. Finally, as a proof of concept for a turbid solution, the kinetics of the reduction of a K2Cr2O7 solution by aluminum powder in the pH 2 buffer was successfully monitored.
Functionalization of Polymer Networks to Target Trans‐Resveratrol in Winemaking Residues Supported by Statistical Design of Experiments
Authors: Bzainia Amir , Dias Rolando C. S. , Costa Mário Rui P. F. N.
Published: January 2023

The present work aims to produce  functionalized polymer networks to target the bioactive molecule trans‐resveratrol found in winemaking residues, specifically at grape stems. The synergistic choice of photoinitiation, polymerization composition, and molecular imprinting approach allows the functionalization of these materials. Experimental design is applied to methodically perform the syntheses. The amount of crosslinker, the total monomer's concentration, and the ratio of trans‐resveratrol to the functional monomer 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP) are the factors selected for this experimental design. The binding capacities and the selectivity of the synthesized materials are assessed through sorption experiments in acetonitrile and hydroalcoholic media. Consequently, a multivariate linear regression analysis leads to describe the uptake of trans‐resveratrol by the materials in both media. The crosslinker content and the ratio of trans‐resveratrol to 4VP are found to be impactful parameters while designing such materials. These studies allow the identification of working conditions for sorption/desorption processes combining a high retention capability of the adsorbents with selectivity. Furthermore, four materials are selected to enrich trans‐resveratrol from grape stems extracts in a continuous process of solid‐phase extraction. The results show that the functionalized materials are able to enrich 12‐fold the content of trans‐resveratrol in some fractions demonstrating the interest of such polymers.
Taste and smell abnormalities in advanced cancer: Negative impact on subjective food intake
Authors: O'Donoghue Aidan , Barrett Michelle , Dhuibhir Pauline Ui , Kennedy Aileen , O'Leary Norma , Walsh Declan
Published: January 2023

Background

Taste and smell abnormalities (TSAs) are present in all cancer stages and may contribute to malnutrition. Despite this, they are rarely screened for. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of TSAs and their influence on subjective food intake in advanced cancer.

Methods

Consecutive patients with advanced cancer were recruited. A modified Taste and Smell Survey assessed subjective TSAs. Objective TSAs were assessed with validated taste strips and “Sniffin Sticks.” A six‐item food intake questionnaire identified any effect TSAs had on food preferences/aversions. Nutrition status was evaluated with the abridged Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment.

Results

All 30 participants had either subjective or objective TSAs. The prevalence of TSAs varied based on the assessment tool used. Participants were more aware of taste changes (TCs) than smell changes (SCs). TCs caused reduced food intake in 13 participants. Six reported SCs affected food intake. Food choices caused by TSAs were inconsistent. Some foods preferred because of TSAs were avoided by other participants. None received nutrition counseling on TSA management. Almost all were at malnutrition risk (97%). Almost half (47%) felt TSAs reduced quality of life (QoL). Participants reported “not looking forward to meals” and “can't sit down and eat anything” because of TSAs.

Conclusion

TSAs were highly prevalent and impactful on food intake. Both TCs and SCs were complex and varied on an individual basis. Despite the effect on health and QoL, no patients received any nutrition counseling on TSA management. Individualized screening and advice are needed for TSAs in advanced cancer.
Perception of nurses on the use of mobile phone text messaging for the management of diabetes mellitus in rural Ghana
Authors: Korsah Kwadwo Ameyaw , Abdulai Eliasu , Dzansi Gladys , Gamor Nathan
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study aims to explore the perception of nurses on the use of mobile phone SMS for managing diabetes in rural Ghana.

Design

Exploratory Descriptive Qualitative Design.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to recruit (13) participants relative to data saturation after ethical clearance (REDACTED); using a semi‐structured interview guide. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results

Participants believe SMS was useful in facilitating interaction between nurses, clients, family and statistically significant others; improving medication adherence and supporting blood glucose monitoring. The use of infographics was preferred to traditional SMS among digitally literate patients and voice calls for those who were illiterate. Participants had limited knowledge of downloadable diabetic applications. Participants were willing to accept and use SMS for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Patient or Public Contribution

Thirteen nurses actively participated in the study.
Integrated factors affecting intention of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours including vaccination in Korea
Authors: Lee Wee Kyung , Shin Sung Rae
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine the multiple potential contributing factors in preventive behaviours, including COVID‐19 vaccination for an effective campaign strategy.

Design

This is a descriptive correlation study to examine the effects of the behavioural outcome, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, optimistic bias and social stigma on the intention of preventive behaviour, based on Ajen's Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Methods

The survey was performed by a professional research company online from 16–19 July 2021. Two hundred and thirty‐three participants who had not been vaccinated against COVID‐19 at the time of data collection completed the survey.

Results

Perceived benefit, perceived behavioural control and social stigma are significantly associated with intention of preventive behaviours. The factors engaging in preventive behaviour presents us that our society is strongly influenced by social groups. Social groups influence decision‐making in intention of preventing behaviour. Public education using social networks can increase such desirable behaviour.
A cross‐sectional study in college‐based nursing education: The influence of core self‐evaluation and career calling on study engagement in nursing undergraduates
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhou Ying , Li Tao , Wang Yiyang
Published: January 2023

Aim

To investigate undergraduate nursing students' general study engagement using intra‐individual assessment and to evaluate the impact of core self‐evaluation and career calling on study engagement.

Design

A descriptive and cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire survey. Four hundred and twenty nursing students from first‐ to fourth (final)‐academic year in Guangzhou Medical University were invited to participate in the spring of 2021. The Cronbach's alpha, one‐way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the data.

Results

The first‐ and fourth‐year undergraduates showed significantly higher levels of study engagement (first‐year undergraduates, 3.52 ± 0.59; fourth‐year undergraduates, 3.54 ± 0.64), core self‐evaluation (first‐year undergraduates, 3.04 ± 0.48; fourth‐year undergraduates, 3.11 ± 0.45) and career calling (first‐year undergraduates, 3.65 ± 0.47; fourth‐year undergraduates, 3.69 ± 0.50) than those of second‐year undergraduates (study engagement, 3.32 ± 0.61; core self‐evaluation, 2.93 ± 0.52; career calling, 3.41 ± 0.50) and third‐year undergraduates (study engagement, 3.16 ± 0.61; core self‐evaluation, 2.88 ± 0.50; career calling, 3.34 ± 0.38). The Pearson correlation analysis among nursing students revealed a significant positive correlation between core self‐evaluation, career calling and study engagement (p < 0.01). A partial mediation effect of career calling was present in the relationship between core self‐evaluation and study engagement.
Feasibility of a standardized family participation programme in the intensive care unit: A pilot survey study
Authors: Dijkstra Boukje , Uit het Broek Lucia , van der Hoeven Johannes , Schoonhoven Lisette , Bosch Frank , Van der Steen Marijke , Rood Paul , Vloet Lilian
Published: January 2023

Aim

To assess the feasibility and applicability of a standardized programme to facilitate family participation in essential care activities in the intensive care unit.

Design

Pilot study with a cross‐sectional survey design.

Methods

A standardized programme to facilitate family participation in essential nursing care activities was implemented in intensive care units of three hospitals in the Netherlands from November 2018 until March 2019. The feasibility and applicability of the programme were assessed with surveys of the patients, relatives and healthcare providers.

Results

Three intensive care units successfully implemented the standardized programme. Three patients, ten relatives and 37 healthcare providers responded to the surveys. Patients appreciated family participation and recognized that their relatives liked to participate. Relatives appreciated being able to do something for the patient (80%) and to participate in essential care activities (60%). The majority of relatives (60%) felt they had sufficient knowledge and skills to participate and did not feel obliged nor uncomfortable. Healthcare providers felt they were trained adequately and motivated to apply family participation; application was perceived as easy, clear and relatively effortless according to the majority. According to 68% of the healthcare providers, most relatives were perceived to be capable of learning to participate in essential care activities. Some healthcare providers felt uncertain about the patient's wishes regarding family participation, with some indicating the behaviours of relatives and patients discouraged them from offering family participation. Use of a standardized programme to facilitate family participation in essential care activities in the intensive care unit seems feasible and applicable as determined by relatives and healthcare providers.
Understanding the role of positive emotions in healthcare communication – A realist review
Authors: Heyn Lena Günterberg , Løkkeberg Stine Torp , Ellington Lee , van Dulmen Sandra , Eide Hilde
Published: January 2023

Aim

To explore how the expression of positive emotions during the interaction between patients and providers can cultivate the patient‐provider relationship.

Design

We conducted a realist review guided by the Realist and Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards.

Methods

We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Scopus from inception to March 2019. Study selection and data extraction were performed blinded in pairs. From 3146 abstracts blinded in pairs, 15 papers were included and analysed. From each included paper, we extracted contexts, mechanisms and outcomes that were relevant to answer our research questions, creating a configuration between these elements (CMO configuration).

Results

Our findings suggest that in the contexts of person orientation and positive outlook, patient‐provider relationships improve by communication conveying and eliciting positive emotions. We found six underlying mechanisms for this that form either direct or indirect pathways between the context and the outcome.
Developing a long‐term follow up service for bariatric surgical patients in the community: Patient and professional perspectives
Authors: Graham Yitka , Fox Ann , Mahawar Kamal , Parrott Julie , Khalil Fadi , Hayes Catherine
Published: January 2023

Background

In the UK, bariatric surgical patients are followed up for 2 years post‐operatively in hospital settings, before being discharged into General Practice for long‐term follow‐up. Presently, there is ambiguous guidance as to what should be included in a community‐based bariatric surgical follow‐up service. The aim of the study was to understand, from both patient and professional perspectives, what is needed to support the long‐term management of bariatric surgical patients in community‐based settings.

Methods

Post‐surgical bariatric patients and General Practice staff were recruited from an area in the UK which has an National Health Service (NHS) hospital providing a high‐volume and established bariatric surgical service. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews. A thematic analytic framework was used to construct eight themes which illuminated the participants' experiences. The study took place between March and December 2021.

Findings

Thirty participants (14 patients and 16 healthcare professionals) were recruited to the study. The study revealed the lack of a framework for delivery of a long‐term follow up service was frustrating to both patients and professionals. Patient participants reported needing more support, especially dietetic and psychological input, and professionals stated they had little knowledge about bariatric surgical care, and what was needed to provide optimal care, but wanted to provide quality patient care.

Conclusion

Long‐term follow up of bariatric surgical patients is an important issue which needs addressing. This study illuminates both the patient and professional perspectives on developing a pragmatic, community‐based service which meets the needs of patients and considers the need to incorporate such a service into existing infrastructures without adding additional demands on General Practice.
Does social exposure influence locals' and migrants' city attachment? Comparing residential areas and activity spaces
Authors: Lin Shuting , Ta Na
Published: January 2023

City attachment captures individual migrants' emotional bonds to their host city and is an essential indicator of their social integration. Although a growing literature has investigated the impact of the residence‐based social environment on city attachment, few works have attempted to unravel the effects of social exposure in an individual's daily activity space. Drawing on an activity diary survey and census data from Shanghai, we examine how social exposure in residential areas and activity spaces influences an individual's city attachment. Specifically, we compare these differences among local residents, urban migrants, and rural migrants. Social exposure is measured by time‐weighted migrant exposure in residential and activity spaces, capturing the social mix among locals and migrants. We find that the city attachment of local residents is greater than that of migrants. There are also significant differences in migrant exposure among the three groups: Local residents have the lowest migrant exposure, while rural migrants possess the highest. Moreover, people living in residential spaces with higher migrant exposure experience lower exposure levels in activity spaces. Each of the three groups also reveals a distinct impact of social exposure on city attachment. For local residents, residence‐based migrant exposure has a significant positive impact on their city attachment. For urban migrants, however, the effect of migrant exposure on their city attachment is statistically insignificant. Finally, for rural migrants, activity‐based migrant exposure negatively impacts their city attachment. Accordingly, this study indicates that the social mix in both residential areas and activity spaces, for example, workplace or routine activity locations, should be evaluated to promote individuals' social integration.
Effect of BiFeO3 Doping and Annealing Temperature on the High‐Temperature Dielectric Relaxation Properties in BaTiO3–SrTiO3 Lead‐Free Ceramics
Authors: Hu Qiu-Bo , Guo Xiang-Yang , An Xiu-Yun , Liu Jia , Shan Feng , Tang Chun-Juan , Min Zhi-Yu , Wang Xiao-Fei
Published: January 2023

Lead‐free xBiFeO3–(1−x)BaTiO3–SrTiO3 solid‐solution ceramics are synthesized and their structure and dielectric and ferroelectric properties are studied. It is observed that the dielectric relaxation process (marked as Region I) triggered by polar nanoregions (PNRs) related to Fe2+/Fe3+ valences may cover the relaxation process induced by oxygen vacancies (OVs, marked as Region II) at 1150 and 1200 °C. The changes in relaxation peak heights show that with the increase of annealing temperature and BiFeO3 content, the PNR concentration increases while OV concentration decreases. Cole–Cole diagram analysis indicates that dielectric relaxations are likely based on changes in grain interior, grain boundary, and the increased electrode/ceramic interface as the doping content increases. The possible causes of relaxation behavior dependence are analyzed in detail.
Antiplatelet effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chen Chunxiang , Lv Huihui , Shan Lili , Long Xie , Guo Cen , Huo Yajing , Lu Lingdan , Zhou Yinting , Liu Mingyuan , Wu Haibo , Zhu Desheng , Han Yan
Published: January 2023

This study was designed to evaluate antiplatelet effect and therapeutic effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDLI) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, we randomly assigned 70 inpatients within 48 hr after the onset of AIS to combination therapy with GDLI and aspirin (GDLI at a dose of 25 mg/d for 14 days plus aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/d for 90 days) or to placebo plus aspirin in a ratio of 1:1. Platelet function, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were evaluated. A good outcome was defined as NIHSS scores decrease ≥5 or mRS scores decrease ≥2. Results showed that arachidonic acid induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (AA‐MAR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) of the GDLI‐aspirin group were much lower than that of the aspirin group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.034, respectively) after the 14‐day therapy. The combination of GDLI and aspirin was superior to aspirin alone, and had significant impact on the good outcome at day 90 (ORadj 7.21 [95%CI, 1.03–50.68], p = 0.047). In summary, GDLI has antiplatelet effect and can improve the prognosis of AIS patients.
Centimeter‐Sized Piezoelectric Single Crystal of Chiral Bismuth‐Based Hybrid Halide with Superior Electrostrictive Coefficient
Authors: Tao Kezheng , Zhang Bowen , Li Qiang , Yan Qingfeng
Published: January 2023

The lead‐free hybrid perovskite piezoelectrics possess advantages of easy processing, light weight, and low‐toxicity over inorganic ceramics. However, the lack of understanding in structure–property relationships hinders exploration of new molecular piezoelectric crystals with excellent performances. Herein, by introducing chiral α‐phenylethylammonium (α‐PEA+) cations into bismuth‐based hybrid halides, centimeter‐sized (R‐α‐PEA)4Bi2I10 and (S‐α‐PEA)4Bi2I10 single crystals with a superior piezoelectric voltage coefficient g22 of 309 mV m N−1, are obtained. Structural rigidity in crystals leads to a remarkable electrostrictive coefficient Q22 of 25.8 m4 C−2, nearly 20 times higher than that of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which is beneficial to improve piezoelectricity with the synergistic effect of chirality. Moreover, the as‐grown crystals show outstanding phase stability from 173 K to ≈470 K. This work suggests a design strategy based on rigidity and chirality to exploit novel piezoelectrics among hybrid metal halides.
Monotone iterative finite volume algorithms for coupled systems of first‐order nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Roy Rupsha , Aggarwal Aekta , Vijesh V. Antony
Published: January 2023

This paper studies coupled systems of first‐order nonlinear partial differential equations, where the first equation is an advection equation with a source term. The system is known to model physical phenomena such as general blood–tissue exchange (BTEX) and the gas–solid interphase heat transfer for the fast igniting catalytic converter. We propose a finite volume implicit–explicit approximation for the system and establish the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of the system using the method of upper and lower solutions. The error estimates for the numerical scheme are also derived for each iteration of the monotone iterative method. Numerical tests show that the proposed scheme can accurately describe the behavior of various physical phenomena. The performance of the scheme is compared with the existing results in the literature and the numerical solutions are shown to preserve physical properties of the solutions such as positivity, blow up behavior in finite time, and concentration of the impulse.
Rheumatoid arthritis study of the Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR): nationwide presentation and worldwide stance
Authors: Gheita Tamer A. , Raafat Hala A. , El-Bakry Samah A. , Elsaman Ahmed , El-Saadany Hanan M. , Hammam Nevin , El-Gazzar Iman I. , Samy Nermeen , Elsaid Nora Y. , Al-Adle Suzan S. , Tharwat Samar , Ibrahim Amira M. , Fawzy Samar M. , Eesa Nahla N. , Shereef Rawhya El , Ismail Faten , Elazeem Mervat I Abd , Abdelaleem Enas A. , El-Bahnasawy Amany , Selim Zahraa I. , Gamal Nada M. , Nassr Maha , Nasef Samah I. , Moshrif Abdel Hafeez , Elwan Shereen , Abdel-Fattah Yousra H. , Amer Marwa A. , Mosad Doaa , Mohamed Eman F. , El-Essawi Dina F. , Taha Hanan , Salem Mohamed N. , Fawzy Rasha M. , Ibrahim Maha E. , Khalifa Asmaa , Abaza Nouran M. , Abdalla Ahmed M. , El-Najjar Amany R. , Azab Noha A. , Fathi Hanan M. , El-Hadidi Khaled , El-Hadidi Tahsin ,   The Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR) Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group
Published: January 2023

To depict the spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Egypt in relation to other universal studies to provide broad-based characteristics to this particular population. This work included 10,364 adult RA patients from 26 specialized Egyptian rheumatology centers representing 22 major cities all over the country. The demographic and clinical features as well as therapeutic data were assessed. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 ± 11.7 years, disease duration 6.4 ± 6 years, and age at onset 38.4 ± 11.6 years; 209 (2%) were juvenile-onset. They were 8750 females and 1614 males (F:M 5.4:1). 8% were diabetic and 11.5% hypertensive. Their disease activity score (DAS28) was 4.4 ± 1.4 and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) 0.95 ± 0.64. The rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) were positive in 73.7% and 66.7% respectively. Methotrexate was the most used treatment (78%) followed by hydroxychloroquine (73.7%) and steroids (71.3%). Biologic therapy was received by 11.6% with a significantly higher frequency by males vs females (15.7% vs 10.9%, p = 0.001). The least age at onset, F:M, RF and anti-CCP positivity were present in Upper Egypt (p < 0.0001), while the highest DAS28 was reported in Canal cities and Sinai (p < 0.0001). The HAQ was significantly increased in Upper Egypt with the least disability in Canal cities and Sinai (p = 0.001). Biologic therapy intake was higher in Lower Egypt followed by the Capital (p < 0.0001). The spectrum of RA phenotype in Egypt is variable across the country with an increasing shift in the F:M ratio. The age at onset was lower than in other countries.
Pulmonary manifestations in VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Kouranloo Koushan , Ashley Athea , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Dey Mrinalini
Published: January 2023

Background

VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, auto-inflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a newly described auto-inflammatory disease. Many cases feature pulmonary infiltrates or respiratory failure. This systematic review aimed to summarize respiratory manifestations in VEXAS syndrome described to date.

Methods

Databases were searched for articles discussing VEXAS syndrome until May 2022. The research question was: What are the pulmonary manifestations in patients with VEXAS syndrome? The search was restricted to English language and those discussing clinical presentation of disease. Information on basic demographics, type and prevalence of pulmonary manifestations, co-existing disease associations and author conclusions on pulmonary involvement were extracted. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews.

Results

Initially, 219 articles were retrieved with 36 ultimately included (all case reports or series). A total of 269 patients with VEXAS were included, 98.6% male, mean age 66.8 years at disease onset. The most frequently described pulmonary manifestation was infiltrates (43.1%; n = 116), followed by pleural effusion (7.4%; n = 20) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (3.3%; n = 9). Other pulmonary manifestations were: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (n = 1), bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 3), pulmonary vasculitis (n = 6), bronchiectasis (n = 1), alveolar haemorrhage (n = 1), pulmonary embolism (n = 4), bronchial stenosis (n = 1), and alveolitis (n = 1). Several patients had one or more co-existing autoimmune/inflammatory condition. It was not reported which patients had particular pulmonary manifestations.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic review undertaken in VEXAS patients. Our results demonstrate that pulmonary involvement is common in this patient group. It is unclear if respiratory manifestations are part of the primary disease or a co-existing condition. Larger epidemiological analyses will aid further characterisation of pulmonary involvement and disease management.
Higher Hölder regularity for mixed local and nonlocal degenerate elliptic equations
Authors: Garain Prashanta , Lindgren Erik
Published: January 2023

We consider equations involving a combination of local and nonlocal degenerate p-Laplace operators. The main contribution of the paper is almost Lipschitz regularity for the homogeneous equation and Hölder continuity with an explicit Hölder exponent in the general case. For certain parameters, our results also imply Hölder continuity of the gradient. In addition, we establish existence, uniqueness and local boundedness. The approach is based on an iteration in the spirit of Moser combined with an approximation method.
Wolff potentials and measure data vectorial problems with Orlicz growth
Authors: Chlebicka Iwona , Youn Yeonghun , Zatorska-Goldstein Anna
Published: January 2023

We study solutions to measure data elliptic systems with Uhlenbeck-type structure that involve operator of divergence form, depending continuously on the spacial variable, and exposing doubling Orlicz growth with respect to the second variable. Pointwise estimates for the solutions that we provide are expressed in terms of a nonlinear potential of generalized Wolff type. Not only we retrieve the recent sharp results proven for p-Laplace systems, but additionally our study covers the natural scope of operators with similar structure and natural class of Orlicz growth.
Quantitative futility in emergency laparotomy: an exploration of early-postoperative death in the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit
Authors: Javanmard-Emamghissi H. , Doleman B. , Lund J. N. , Frisby J. , Lockwood S. , Hare S. , Moug S. , Tierney G.
Published: January 2023

Background

Quantitative futility is an appraisal of the risk of failure of a treatment. For those who do not survive, a laparotomy has provided negligible therapeutic benefit and may represent a missed opportunity for palliation. The aim of this study was to define a timeframe for quantitative futility in emergency laparotomy and investigate predictors of futility using the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) database.

Methods

A two-stage methodology was used; stage one defined a timeframe for futility using an online survey and steering group discussion; stage two applied this definition to patients enrolled in NELA December 2013–December 2020 for analysis. Futility was defined as all-cause mortality within 3 days of emergency laparotomy. Baseline characteristics of this group were compared to all others. Multilevel logistic regression was carried out with potentially clinically important predictors defined a priori.

Results

Quantitative futility occurred in 4% of patients (7442/180,987). Median age was 74 years (range 65–81 years). Median NELA risk score was 32.4% vs. 3.8% in the surviving cohort (p < 0.001). Early mortality patients more frequently presented with sepsis (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of futility included age, arterial lactate and cardiorespiratory co-morbidity. Frailty was associated with a 38% increased risk of early mortality (95% CI 1.22–1.55). Surgery for intestinal ischaemia was associated with a two times greater chance of futile surgery (OR 2.67; 95% CI 2.50–2.85).

Conclusions

Quantitative futility after emergency laparotomy is associated with quantifiable risk factors available to decision-makers preoperatively. These findings should be incorporated qualitatively by the multidisciplinary team into shared decision-making discussions with extremely high-risk patients.
Algorithms in the court: does it matter which part of the judicial decision-making is automated?
Authors: Barysė Dovilė , Sarel Roee
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in legal disputes, influencing not only the reality outside the court but also the judicial decision-making process itself. While it is clear why judges may generally benefit from technology as a tool for reducing effort costs or increasing accuracy, the presence of technology in the judicial process may also affect the public perception of the courts. In particular, if individuals are averse to adjudication that involves a high degree of automation, particularly given fairness concerns, then judicial technology may yield lower benefits than expected. However, the degree of aversion may well depend on how technology is used, i.e., on the timing and strength of judicial reliance on algorithms. Using an exploratory survey, we investigate whether the stage in which judges turn to algorithms for assistance matters for individual beliefs about the fairness of case outcomes. Specifically, we elicit beliefs about the use of algorithms in four different stages of adjudication: (i) information acquisition, (ii) information analysis, (iii) decision selection, and (iv) decision implementation. Our analysis indicates that individuals generally perceive the use of algorithms as fairer in the information acquisition stage than in other stages. However, individuals with a legal profession also perceive automation in the decision implementation stage as less fair compared to other individuals. Our findings, hence, suggest that individuals do care about how and when algorithms are used in the courts.
A global analysis of habitat fragmentation research in reptiles and amphibians: what have we done so far?
Authors: Tan W. C. , Herrel A. , Rödder D.
Published: January 2023

Habitat change and fragmentation are the primary causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Recent decades have seen a surge of funding, published papers and citations in the field as these threats to biodiversity continue to rise. However, how research directions and agenda are evolving in this field remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the current state of research on habitat fragmentation (due to agriculture, logging, fragmentation, urbanisation and roads) pertaining to two of the most threatened vertebrate groups, reptiles and amphibians. We did so by conducting a global scale review of geographical and taxonomical trends on the habitat fragmentation types, associated sampling methods and response variables. Our analyses revealed a number of biases with existing research efforts being focused on three continents (e.g., North America, Europe and Australia) and a surplus of studies measuring species richness and abundance. However, we saw a shift in research agenda towards studies utilising technological advancements including genetic and spatial data analyses. Our findings suggest important associations between sampling methods and prevalent response variables but not with the types of habitat fragmentation. These research agendas are found homogeneously distributed across all continents. Increased research investment with appropriate sampling techniques is crucial in biodiversity hotpots such as the tropics where unprecedented threats to herpetofauna exist.
Deep learning-based user experience evaluation in distance learning
Authors: Sadigov Rahim , Yıldırım Elif , Kocaçınar Büşra , Patlar Akbulut Fatma , Catal Cagatay
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic caused uncertainties in many different organizations, institutions gained experience in remote working and showed that high-quality distance education is a crucial component in higher education. The main concern in higher education is the impact of distance education on the quality of learning during such a pandemic. Although this type of education may be considered effective and beneficial at first glance, its effectiveness highly depends on a variety of factors such as the availability of online resources and individuals’ financial situations. In this study, the effectiveness of e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is evaluated using posted tweets, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling techniques. More than 160,000 tweets, addressing conditions related to the major change in the education system, were gathered from Twitter social network and deep learning-based sentiment analysis models and topic models based on latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm were developed and analyzed. Long short term memory-based sentiment analysis model using word2vec embedding was used to evaluate the opinions of Twitter users during distance education and also, a topic model using the LDA algorithm was built to identify the discussed topics in Twitter. The conducted experiments demonstrate the proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 76%. Our findings also reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic has negative effects on individuals 54.5% of tweets were associated with negative emotions whereas this was relatively low on emotion reports in the YouGov survey and gender-rescaled emotion scores on Twitter. In parallel, we discuss the impact of the pandemic on education and how users’ emotions altered due to the catastrophic changes allied to the education system based on the proposed machine learning-based models.
Assessment of digital light processing (DLP) projector stimulators for visual electrophysiology
Authors: Marmoy Oliver R. , Thompson Dorothy A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Visual electrophysiology tests require the use of precise and calibrated visual display units (VDUs). Existing VDUs for presenting structured stimuli are now mostly obsolete, with modern solutions limited or unsuitable for clinical testing. Digital light processing (DLP) laser projectors have recently become commercially available and this study aimed to assess their suitability as VDUs for visual electrophysiology testing.

Methods

This study consisted of two sections. The first was a photometric study of two DLP laser projectors (Viewsonic LS831WU and HiSense 100L5FTUK) to assess luminance, contrast, spectral and temporal characteristics of the stimulus. The second was a physiological study comparing pattern electroretinograms (PERG) and visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) amplitudes and peak-times recorded using a DLP laser projector, photometrically and spatially matched to existing plasma VDUs at our institution (Pioneer Electronics Corporation, PDP422MXE).

Results

The Viewsonic DLP laser projector was capable of high luminance levels (0–587.5 cd/m2) whilst maintaining contrast above 93%. The temporal properties showed fast rise and fall times of 0.5–1 ms and 0.5–1 ms, respectively, without any transient luminance change with reversals. The device required a warm-up time of at least 2 min until reaching near maximal luminance. The second (Hisense) device was observed to have a detrimental input lag jitter so was not used for any further analysis. PERGs and PVEPs showed high agreement and correlation (r = 0.766–0.905) between the Viewsonic DLP device and existing plasma VDUs. No significant differences were observed for P50 and P100 peak-time (p =  > 0.05), however P50, N95 and P100 amplitudes were all significantly larger for the DLP device (p =  < 0.05).

Discussion

The DLP laser projector tested in this study is a viable and practical replacement VDU for clinical electrophysiology tests of vision. The device is easily capable of meeting ISCEV standards, and showed PERG and PVEP amplitudes larger than existing systems despite photometric and spatial matching. The DLP laser projectors are capable of very large field sizes so are beneficial for paediatric testing or those wishing to examine large field responses. Importantly, it was observed that some devices may suffer input lag jitter, therefore, individual calibration and assessment of DLP projection systems is an important consideration before clinical implementation.
Applying the Canadian Low-Risk Gambling Guidelines to Gambling Harm Reduction in England
Authors: Rochester Eleanor , Cunningham John A.
Published: January 2023

There is a need for evidence-based guidelines for gamblers who wish to reduce their risk of harm by setting self-directed limits on their gambling. Recognizing this, the Canadian Low-Risk Gambling Guidelines were developed using data from 8 countries to establish the relationship between gambling behaviour and harm. The guidelines include recommended limits on gambling spending as a percentage of income, gambling frequency, and number of types of games played. However, the developers of the LRGG’s did not include UK data in their analysis. This study analyzes data from Health Survey England to assess the applicability of the Canadian Low-Risk Gambling Guidelines to gamblers in England. Using HSE data from 2016 to 2018, we generated risk curves for the relationship between 2 dimensions of gambling behaviour—frequency of gambling sessions and number of types of games played—and gambling harm. We defined harm as a score of 1 or above on the Problem Gambling Severity Index. HSE does not include questions on gambling spending, therefore this was not assessed. The relationship observed between frequency and types of gambling and harm among HSE respondents was similar to the risk curves generated for the development of the Canadian LRGG’s. Gamblers in England who gambled twice weekly or more, or who played 3 or more types of games, were significantly more likely to experience harm from gambling than those who gambled below these limits. The Canadian LRGG’s may potentially be applied to gambling harm reduction efforts in England. More research is needed to determine the acceptability of these guidelines to people who gamble in England.
Efficacy of a School-Based Mental Health Intervention Based on Mindfulness and Character Strengths Use Among Adolescents: a Pilot Study of Think Happy-Be Happy Intervention
Authors: Kennes Anne , Lataster Johan , Janssens Mayke , Simons Marianne , Reijnders Jennifer , Jacobs Nele , Peeters Sanne
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the efficacy of a school-based intervention (8 sessions of 45 min) based on mindfulness and character strengths use (i.e., “Think Happy-Be Happy”). A quasi-experimental study, including assessments at baseline, post-intervention (i.e., one week after the intervention), and follow-up (i.e., six months after the intervention) was performed. Results at post-intervention revealed that adolescents who participated in all intervention sessions experienced significantly increased well-being (i.e., emotional, psychological, and social well-being) and decreased hyperactivity/inattention symptoms and peer-related problems compared to adolescents who did not participate in the intervention. The “intention to treat” analyses showed that adolescents who started the intervention, regardless of the number of sessions they attended, experienced significantly decreased hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to adolescents who did not participate in the intervention. However, significant outcomes were not maintained at follow-up. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that integrating mindfulness with strengths use in school-based interventions might have the potential to promote the mental health of adolescents in terms of both increased well-being and reduced psychological problems.
Beyond ambidexterity: universities and their changing roles in driving regional development in challenging times
Authors: Thomas Elisa , Pugh Rhiannon , Soetanto Danny , Jack Sarah L.
Published: January 2023

Around the world today, universities are expected to play a unique role as creators of regional growth and innovation. While there appears to be a consensus that the role of universities has been expanded, critiques show that the contribution of universities to their regions is still not well defined. There have been some developments in the literature on the concept of modern universities such as the triple helix, entrepreneurial university and engaged university. However, those concepts focus on enforcing universities’ roles in a single domain such as entrepreneurship, innovation, or civic engagement. Little is known about how universities can facilitate regional growth that goes beyond knowledge transfer activities such as spin-off creation, licensing, and patenting. This paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of universities’ role in regional growth through the theoretical lens of ambidexterity. Using ambidexterity, universities with a regional focus were distinguished from those engaged in research commercialization and traditional third-mission roles. Through two case studies, this study found that teaching, research, and engagement should not be separated, since they can serve both economic and social missions. As a result, a new model of multidextrous universities is proposed where universities meet both economic and social missions through teaching, research, and engagement. Contrary to previous contributions which presented universities as ambidextrous organizations where tension appears only between research commercialization and research publication or between teaching and research, this study suggests that universities need to overcome tensions and incorporate a sense of place in all activities to successfully contribute to regional growth.
An Efficient Recurrent Adversarial Framework for Unsupervised Real-Time Video Enhancement
Authors: Fuoli Dario , Huang Zhiwu , Paudel Danda Pani , Van Gool Luc , Timofte Radu
Published: January 2023

Video enhancement is a challenging problem, more than that of stills, mainly due to high computational cost, larger data volumes and the difficulty of achieving consistency in the spatio-temporal domain. In practice, these challenges are often coupled with the lack of example pairs, which inhibits the application of supervised learning strategies. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient adversarial video enhancement framework that learns directly from unpaired video examples. In particular, our framework introduces new recurrent cells that consist of interleaved local and global modules for implicit integration of spatial and temporal information. The proposed design allows our recurrent cells to efficiently propagate spatio-temporal information across frames and reduces the need for high complexity networks. Our setting enables learning from unpaired videos in a cyclic adversarial manner, where the proposed recurrent units are employed in all architectures. Efficient training is accomplished by introducing one single discriminator that learns the joint distribution of source and target domain simultaneously. The enhancement results demonstrate clear superiority of the proposed video enhancer over the state-of-the-art methods, in all terms of visual quality, quantitative metrics, and inference speed. Notably, our video enhancer is capable of enhancing over 35 frames per second of FullHD video (1080x1920).
Notes on Isoglossinae (Acanthaceae) in Madagascar, with four new species of Isoglossa
Authors: Darbyshire Iain , Onjalalaina Guy E. , Callmander Martin W. , Phillipson Peter B. , Kiel Carrie A.
Published: January 2023

Current generic delimitation in subtribe Isoglossinae of Acanthaceae is discussed using available morphological and molecular data. Particular consideration is given to the small genera endemic to Madagascar — Celerina Benoist, Melittacanthus S.Moore, Sphacanthus Benoist and the illegitimate Conocalyx Benoist — and how these relate to the current circumscription of Isoglossa Oerst. The relative merits and challenges of recognising a broadly circumscribed Isoglossa are considered. Isoglossa s.l. is readily recognisable by combining a bilabiate corolla, with an androecium comprising two bithecous stamens and lacking staminodes, and with the presence of gürtelpollen (i.e. bipororate pollen, circular in apertural view and with a pronounced interapertural “girdle” of tectate exine), whilst the segregate genera as currently defined are not separable morphologically. However, the limited molecular phylogenetic data available to date indicate that Isoglossa s.l. is paraphyletic. Pending further molecular studies of this group to clarify generic delimitation, it is proposed that all new taxa in bithecous Isoglossinae should be described in Isoglossa as an interim solution. Four new species of Isoglossa are described: I. eburnea Onjalal. & I.Darbysh., I. pterocalyx I.Darbysh. & Phillipson, I. pseudoanisotes I.Darbysh. and I. conocalyx I.Darbysh. & Callm., the lattermost of which is based on Conocalyx laxus Benoist nom. illegit. In addition, Justicia onilahensis Benoist (including Ritonia poissonii Benoist) and Anisotes perplexus T.F.Daniel, Letsara & Martín-Bravo are transferred to Isoglossa, and three names within Justicia L. are synonymised within existing taxa in Isoglossinae. Lectotypes are selected for Sphacanthus brillantaisia Benoist, S. humbertii Benoist and Justicia subpaniculata Benoist (=Celerina seyrigii Benoist var. egena Benoist).