bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the train and airplane as transportation mode preferences among commuting students
Authors: Susilowati Indah , Wardhani Arisanti Ayu , Musliha Cici , Mahardika Yohanes Dwi , Ardianto Yoseph Dennis
Published: July 2024

Transportation has significant role in urban life. Commuting students in universities in Semarang have several options in transportation modes. This study aimed to examine student preferences for train and airplane transportation modes and factors influencing it. Data of 110 students at several Semarang City Universities compiled by purposive sampling were then analyzed using descriptive statistics method. The results showed that most students prefer train transportation modes rather than airplanes. Regarding the level and quality of service, trains provide better services at cheaper, faster, and more practical prices. Meanwhile, based on the quality of service, aircraft transport offers better safety and comfort than Train transport. Although there are differences in the level and quality of comfort, students preferred to use train since the differences are not significant.
Evaluasi objek wisata berdasarkan preferensi estetika Scenic Beauty Estimation di Pantai Pasir Putih, Lampung
Authors: Nabilah Rizka , Sari Rahmah
Published: July 2024

Pantai Pasir Putih di Lampung membutuhkan evaluasi terhadap nilai keindahan lanskap untuk melihat preferensi pengunjung wisata. Hal ini dapat menjadi masukan penting dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan lanskap objek wisata. Dalam suatu perjalanan ke objek wisata, pengunjung memerlukan kepuasan secara psikologis terhadap lanskap pesisir yang dijadikan objek wisata. Preferensi masyarakat terhadap wisata pantai pesisir dapat bervariasi berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang melibatkan kebutuhan dan minat pengunjung, salah satunya adalah karakter visual lanskap. Metode Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) dapat digunakan untuk menilai secara kuantitatif preferensi masyarakat terhadap suatu lanskap. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan terhadap hasil kuesioner tentang lima foto lanskap, SBE menunjukkan bahwa foto lanskap gerbang masuk memiliki nilai tertinggi (24,08; Tinggi). Sementara empat lanskap lain memiliki nilai sedang dan rendah. Lanskap dengan nilai rendah dapat dijadikan prioritas rekomendasi desain melalui preseden yang dipilih agar nilai estetika dapat meningkat. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak peningkatan ketertarikan pengunjung untuk melakukan perjalanan wisata ke Pasir Putih.
Apatite Fission-Track Dating: A Comparative Study of Ages Obtained by the Automated Counting LA-ICP-MS and External Detector Methodologies
Authors: Lugo-Zazueta Raúl E. , Gleadow Andrew J. W. , Kohn Barry P. , Sahu Himansu , Bermúdez Mauricio A.
Published: July 2024

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in combination with developments in digital microscopy, image analysis, and computer software has allowed the implementation of an automated counting approach for the apatite fission-track (AFT) analysis. We refer to this approach as the “automated counting-LA-ICP-MS” (ACLA) method. Two major components comprise the ACLA method: (i) the digital counting of spontaneous tracks performed on high-resolution images captured from apatite grains and (ii) the measurement of 238U content in apatite by LA-ICP-MS. This study includes ACLA analyses from Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) and Durango apatite standard crystals. Furthermore, a comparative age study between the ACLA and conventional external detector method (EDM) strategies was performed on a set of thirteen granitoid samples from northwestern Mexico and four granitic samples from the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC), India. ACLA analyses on FCT yielded an AFT age of 28.1 ± 0.6 (1σ) and 28.8 ± 1.1 (1σ) Ma for Durango apatite, whereas reported EDM ages are 27.5 ± 0.5 and 31.4 ± 0.5 Ma, respectively. Calculated AFT ages using the ACLA method from northwestern Mexico samples range from 11.1 ± 1.1 to 42.0 ± 3.6 Ma (EDM ages range from 10.0 ± 0.8 to 54.0 ± 3.0 Ma), whereas AFT ages from the EDC samples range from 147 ± 3.1 to 220.5 ± 12.5 Ma (EDM ages range from 120.9 ± 4.5 to 197.1 ± 19.4 Ma). Based on a statistical comparison with ages previously determined by the conventional EDM on the same samples and considering their 2σ uncertainties, these ages are in good agreement.
Kant’s Εarly Βiographies and Τheir Significance for Understanding His Philosophy
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Krouglov Alexei N. , Salikov Alexey N. ,   Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Zhavoronkov Alexey G. ,   Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
Published: July 2024

For a long time, there have been disputes about the importance of philosophers’ biographies for understanding their philosophical ideas. Some scholars have defended radical positions, from a complete denial of the necessity of taking into account the life circumstances of a thinker to the attempts to absolutize these circumstances and perceive philosophical ideas exclusively through the optics of the life path of their creator. This paper will focus on the example of the first Russian edition of Kant’s early biographies (which includes biographies of Borowski, Wasianski, Jachmann, Rink and a fragment from Reike’s “Kantiana”). Using this example, we will demonstrate the connection between the philosopher’s life and his philosophical views, the importance of biographical essays for a better understanding of philosophical ideas, and the necessity to take them into account as an auxiliary source for our understanding of the philosophical system of a particular thinker.
Reason in the History of Philosophy: One and Many
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bugai Dmitry V. , Rykov Stanislav Yu. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Stepanyants Marietta Т. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Trubnikova Nadezhda N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

This publication is based on the materials of a panel discussion, held on March 11 2022, as part of the panel “Reason and Rationality from the Perspective of the History of Philosophy”. Four scholars, specialists in different philosophical traditions (D.V. Bugai – Ancient Greece; S.Yu. Rykov – Ancient China; N.N. Trubnikova – Japan; M.T. Stepanyants – India), offered their answers to the question of whether it is possible to speak of a common notion of reason and rationality in the light of the difference in the understanding of these phenomena in various intellectual and cultural traditions. The panel discussion consists of an introduction, contributions of each of the participants and a closing discussion.
Tattvasaṃgraha with a Commentary of Kamalaśīla Pañjikā. Chapter ‘Investigation of Ātman’ (Ātmaparīkṣā). Section ‘Study of Ātman as It Appears to the Mīmāṃsakas’ (Mīmāṃsakaparikalpitātmaparīkṣā). Part I.
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Titlin Lev I.
Published: July 2024

Translated and commented by Lev I. Titlin
Peter van Inwagen’s Meta-ontology. Translators’ Foreword
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Shpakovskiy Mikhail V. , Pavlov Alexey S. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

Peter van Inwagen (b. 1942) is one of the living metaphysicians who has made a substantial contribution to both theoretical (ontology and metaphysics of material Objects) and special metaphysics (in discussions on the problem of free will and the personal identity problem). With rare exceptions there are no works of van Inwagen in Russian. This publication is intended to correct this shortcoming to a certain extent. We present to the Russian-speaking reader a translation of one of his classical works – the paper Meta-Ontology (1998), which constitutes a significant milestone in the development of analytical ontology: in it the so-called “Standard View” in ontology is summarized and for the first time the concept of “Meta-Ontology” is given in as name for the section of analytical metaphysics, which has as its subject the meaning and the sense of the very being, or existence.
Meta-ontology
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, van Inwagen Peter ,   Duke University, Shpakovskiy Mikhail V. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Pavlov Alexey S. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

Translated and commented by Mikhail V. Shpakovskiy and Alexey S. Pavlov
W.K.C. Guthrie. A History of Greek Philosophy
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Naranovich Stanislav V.
Published: July 2024

Review of A History of Greek Philosophy. Vol. 4. Plato. The Man and Dialogues: Earlier Period, by W.K.C. Guthrie
Ovanes Akopyan, Debating the Stars in the Italian Renaissance: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's «Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem» and Its Reception
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Kusenko Olga I.
Published: July 2024

Review of Debating the Stars in the Italian Renaissance: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem and Its Reception, by O. Akopyan
Sergey V. Nikonenko. Philosophy of Bertrand Russell in the context of Russian Philosophical Thought. Bertrand Russell. Selected Essays
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Surovtsev Valeriy A.
Published: July 2024

Review of Philosophy of Bertrand Russell in the context of Russian Philosophical Thought. Bertrand Russell. Selected Essays, by Sergey V. Nikonenko
Gerhard Oberhammer. Introduction to “Pakṣilasvāmin’s Introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam”
Authors: Titlin Lev ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The publication is a commented translation and study of the work “Pakṣilasvāmin’s Introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam” by a prominent Austrian indologist and intercultural philosopher G.R.F. Oberhammer. The author examines the background of Oberhammer’s research, gives a brief information about the school of Nyāya and focuses on how Oberhammer demonstrates the history of Nyāya and its becoming aware of itself as a philosophical system based on the short text of Pakṣilasvāmin (Vātsyāyana) introduction to his Nyāyabhāṣyam. In his article, Oberhammer answers the question why such heterogeneous parts as elements of the theory of argumentation borrowed from the ancient tradition of Vāda (the theory of debate), logic and epistemology, cosmology and the doctrine of the soul and its liberation from the bonds of saṁsāra (soteriology) were combined into the harmonious philosophical system of Nyāya and how this happened during the development of the school due to its becoming aware of itself as a method of searching for truth (and what this truth is from the point of view of Nyāya), how this was helped by creative borrowing from another philosophical school – Yoga. The publication is prefaced by a brief history of the Viennese oriental and indological school, to which Oberhammer belongs.
Which Type of Reality is Being Described by the Conception of the Postsecular World?
Authors: Shokhin Vladimir ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Publications intended to prove that the contemporary mankind has entered the era of the postsecularity being already counted by four-digit numbers, verification of this point from both logic and facts, in the author’s view, proves otherwise. Because of the immensity of this ocean of writing on this matter the author indulges in confining himself with only three spheres of implementation of this “doctrine”, i.e. with the post-metaphysical philosophy of Jürgen Habermas as the icon of the whole movement, intellectual games with the prefix post- in this context as highlighting the main significances of the conception under discussion and a newest understanding of the postsecular as a format of the secular. While Habermas envisaged the main objective of the postsecular society in involvement of religious peoples in universally significant rationality, the author argues that it is just this rationality that is overtly contradicted by the main interpretations of the postsecular in the Western Europe. To say more, these interpretations are more fitted to description of the “post-religious”, and various trics with the significance of post- in this context (by devastation of its temporal, diachronic meaning) are demonstrated as ploys aimed to delete the numerous facts of deterioration of religion there, viz. dramatic and constant decrease of religious population simultaneous with the same increase of irreligious, the fall of the civic authority of religious leaders and what could be called the inner secularization of Christian denominations.
National identity and collective memory as a basis of a country-civilization. Book review: “National identity and collective memory: between the past and the future” / Resp. ed. T.A. Senyushkina; scientific ed. E.A. Senyushkin. Simferopol, 2022
Authors: Sytin Andrey ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article is a detailed review of the collective monograph “National Identity and Col­lective Memory: Between the Past and the Future”,published in Crimea. The authors are scientists from different cities of Russia, as well as Serbia and Kazakhstan, representa­tives of different branches of humanitarian science. The monograph presents theoretical research on the problems of identity and identification, the modern identity crisis, in par­ticular in the post-Soviet space, problems of collective memory in relation to interethnic relations, the politics of memory in various states, technologies of influence on the for­mation of national identity and collective memory. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this work is a primary focus of this review.
The role of co-occurring conditions and genetics in the associations of eating disorders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Petersen Liselotte , Christiansen Gitte , Chatwin Hannah , Yilmaz Zeynap , Schendel Diana , Bulik Cynthia , Grove Jakob , Brikell Isabell , Semark Birgitte , Holde Katrine , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Hubel Christopher , Albiñana Clara , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni , Borglum Anders , Demontis Ditte , Mortensen Preben , Larsen Janne
Published: July 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) commonly co-occur with other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the pattern of family history and genetic overlap among them requires clarification. This study investigated the diagnostic, familial, and genetic associations of EDs with ADHD and ASD. The nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark, 1981–2008, linked to their siblings and cousins. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, and mediation analysis was used to assess the effects of intermediate mood or anxiety disorders. Polygenic scores (PGSs) were used to investigate the genetic association between anorexia nervosa (AN) and ADHD or ASD. Significantly increased risk for any ED was observed following an ADHD [hazard ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.75–2.22] or ASD diagnosis [2.82, 2.48–3.19]. Mediation analysis suggested that intermediate mood or anxiety disorders could account for 44–100% of the association between ADHD or ASD and ED. Individuals with a full sibling or maternal halfsibling with ASD had increased risk of AN [1.54, 1.33–1.78; 1.45, 1.08–1.94] compared to those with siblings without ASD. A positive association was found between ASD-PGS and AN risk [1.06, 1.02–1.09]. In this study, positive phenotypic associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, mediation by mood or anxiety disorder, and a genetic association between ASD-PGS and AN were observed. These findings could guide future research in the development of new treatments that can mitigate the development of EDs among individuals with ADHD or ASD.
Adiabatic Quantum Power Flow
Authors: Kaseb Zeynab , Moller Matthias , Vergara Pedro , Palensky Peter
Published: July 2024

Power flow (PF) analysis is a foundational computational method to study the flow of power in an electrical network. This analysis involves solving a set of non-linear and non-convex differential-algebraic equations. State-of-the-art solvers for PF analysis, therefore, face challenges with scalability and convergence, specifically for large-scale and/or ill-conditioned cases characterized by high penetration of renewable energy sources, among others. The adiabatic quantum computing paradigm has been proven to efficiently find solutions for combinatorial problems in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, and it can potentially address the limitations posed by state-of-the-art PF solvers. For the first time, we propose a novel adiabatic quantum computing approach for efficient PF analysis. Our key contributions are (i) a combinatorial PF algorithm and (ii) an adiabatic quantum PF algorithm (AQPF), both of which use Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) and Ising model formulations; (iii) a scalability study of the AQPF algorithm; and (iv) an extension of the AQPF algorithm for larger problem sizes using a partitioned approach. Numerical experiments are conducted using different test system sizes on D-Wave's Advantage quantum annealer, Fujitsu’s digital annealer V3, D-Wave's quantum-classical hybrid annealer, and two simulated annealers running on classical computer hardware. The reported results demonstrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of the proposed AQPF algorithm and its potential to speed up the PF analysis process while handling ill-conditioned cases using quantum and quantum-inspired algorithms.
WITHDRAWN: Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Patients with COVID-19 During the Full Liberalization of the Pandemic
Authors: Zhuang Zejian , Li Jingyuan , Sun Lingfeng , Tang Haocheng , He Honghui , Wang Fang
Published: July 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors in order to comply with an institutional policy on preprints. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference.
Exploring the transition from clinician to researcher and back again: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Al-Tikriti Shahad , Kennedy Clare , Abubakr Karima , Higgins Mary F
Published: July 2024

Background
This proposal outlines a scoping review to investigate the existing literature on the transition experiences of clinicians moving from full-time clinical practice to research roles and then returning to clinical practice. It aims to understand the challenges and adjustments involved.
Methods
This review will be conducted in accordance with the framework described by Arksey and O’Malley’s and updated by Levac for conducting a scoping review. Multiple structured searches will be conducted on CINAHL, EMBRASE, HSE National Health Library and Knowledge Service, MEDLINE, ProQuest, SAGE Journals, Web of Science, Wiley Journals and SCOPUS. Published research in English that focus on the experience of healthcare workers transitioning from clinical to research practice from 1980 to 2024 will be included. Non-English publications will be excluded but will be noted. Selected articles will be screened by title, abstract and finally by full-text review by two or more reviewers to assess eligibly for inclusion. Data extraction tool will be created, piloted, and modified accordingly and then used for data charting.
Discussion
Professional transitions are potentially vulnerable times where individuals experience uncertainty. One area of interest in medicine is the transition from clinician to researcher. Identifying common challenges enhances the ability to provide better guidance to those undergoing this transition and gives supervisors valuable insights to support researchers effectively. We wish to explore the experience of healthcare professionals involved in direct patient care (medical doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and dieticians) and compare it to that of medical students undertaking intercalated degree programmes (Masters or Doctorate level research).
Blood flow dynamics in the ascending aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement -A computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: An Kang , Zhang Fengwen , Ouyang Wenbin , Pan Xiangbin
Published: July 2024

Background: Abnormal blood flow patterns are known to contribute to the ascending aortic dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The present study elucidated the blood flow characteristics in the dilated ascending aorta before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.
Methods: We performed CFD analysis in three BAV patients with ascending aortic dilation (maximum diameter ≥45mm) who underwent TAVR. The blood flow streamline was visualized to evaluate the pre- and post-operative flow velocity, severity of vortex and helix, and wall shear stress (WSS) in the ascending aorta.
Results: Before the procedure, all three patients showed abnormal blood flow patterns, with vortex and helix in the ascending aorta. Regionally elevated WSS was also observed in the lateral or posterior ascending aortic wall. After the procedure, the blood flow patterns significantly improved, and the maximum WSS also decreased.
Conclusion: Abnormal blood flow patterns and WSS appeared to improve after TAVR in BAV patients with ascending aortic dilation. The impact on the long-term aortic growth rate and the incidence of aortic dissection requires further studies.
UGT1A1 and BLVRA allele and genotype variants in neonatal patients with hyperbilirubinemia in southern China
Authors: Liu XiuJu , Zhang Chao , Chen LiWen , Liu ShuYan , Zhou ZhenWen
Published: July 2024

We explore the allele and genotype distribution of UGT1A1 and BLVRA variants in individuals affected by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in southern China. Blood specimens were collected from 240 neonates: 126 cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 114 healthy controls. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin (total and direct), urea nitrogen, creatinine, and other biochemical parameters were quantified using a biochemical analyzer. Nine UGT1A1 and five BLVRA genetic variants were genotyped using flight time mass spectrometry. The allele and genotype frequencies of these variants and their associations with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were analyzed. The genotype frequencies of CC and CG for the UGT1A1 variant rs11888492 in the hyperbilirubinemia group were 90.48% and 9.52%, respectively (P = 0.001), in comparison with the control group. The C and G allele frequencies of rs11888492 in the hyperbilirubinemia group were 95.24% and 4.76%, respectively (P = 0.023). Similarly, in the hyperbilirubinemia group, the genotype frequencies for the UGT1A1 variant rs4148325 were 90.48% CC, 8.73% CT, and 0.79% TT (P = 0.001), with corresponding allele frequencies of 94.84% for C and 5.16% for T (P = 0.002). No notable distinctions were detected for other variants. Newborns carrying the CC genotype of rs11888492 exhibited higher total bilirubin (TBIL) levels than those carrying the GG genotype (P = 0.034), whereas newborns carrying the CC genotype of rs4148325 displayed higher TBIL levels than those carrying the CT genotype (P = 0.003). The presence of the G allele at rs11888492 was found to be significantly correlated with a decreased likelihood of developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.363; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.169–0.777). Furthermore, a substantial reduction in the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with the CT genotype of rs4148325 were revealed (OR = 0.242; 95% CI: 0.102–0.574). Additionally, an inverse relationship was identified between TBIL concentration and the quantity of genetic variants. The UGT1A1 variants rs11888492 and rs4148325 are strongly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in southern China.
Improving Real Estate Appraisal with POI Integration and Areal Embedding
Authors: Han Sumin , Park Youngjun , Sabir Sonia , An Jisun , Lee Dongman
Published: July 2024

Despite advancements in real estate appraisal methods, this study primarily focuses on two pivotal challenges. Firstly, we explore the often-underestimated impact of Points of Interest (POI) on property values, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive, data-driven approach to feature selection. Secondly, we integrate road-network-based Areal Embedding to enhance spatial understanding for real estate appraisal. We first propose a revised method for POI feature extraction, and discuss the impact of each POI for house price appraisal. Then we present the Areal embedding-enabled Masked Multihead Attention-based Spatial Interpolation for House Price Prediction (AMMASI) model, an improvement upon the existing ASI model, which leverages masked multi-head attention on geographic neighbor houses and similar-featured houses. Our model outperforms current baselines and also offers promising avenues for future optimization in real estate appraisal methodologies.
Identification of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as biomarkers in dryland wheat for future climate conditions
Authors: Lotfi Ramin , Eslami-Senoukesh Farzaneh , Mohammadzadeh Arash , Zadhasan Esmaeil , Abbasi Amin , Kalaji Hazem Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, climate change is the main factor that determines future food and nutritional security. To understand the interactive effects of climate variables on photosynthesis efficiency an experiment was carried out on 10 dryland wheat genotypes. Plants were exposed to the temperature (25 ± 3°C and 34 ± 3°C), carbon dioxide (380 ± 50 and 800 ± 50 ppm), and irrigation regimes (irrigation at 50% field capacity and well-watering). The obtained results revealed that the multiple effects of climate change variables reduced the maximal (Fm') and increased the minimal (Fo') fluorescence yield. In Sardari genotype, the effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (Y(II)), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and the photochemical quenching coefficient of variable fluorescence (qL) increased, while the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in PSII (Y(NPQ)), the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were reduced under both, single and interactive effects of studied variables. Elevated temperature reduced the Y(II) and led to quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII Y(NO) increment. PCA analysis showed that changes in NPQ were observed under temperature, Y(NO) under CO2, qL under irrigation, and qP and Y(II) under combined effects of climate change variables. Elevated CO2 reduced the ETR and gs of all genotypes. We conclude that monitoring qP and Y(II) efficiency parameters in dryland wheat can be used as suitable biomarkers in plant breeding programs related to adapted plant production to future climate conditions.
The combined administration of vancomycin and Zhenqi granules can improve the treatment of MRSA and its biofilms
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Wen Bo , Feng Xiaoyu , Xia Yuwen , Li Li , Cheng Yungchi , Jiang Chunyan , Yang Weifeng , Lu Cheng , Tan Yong
Published: July 2024

Background
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms significantly contribute to its resistance. Vancomycin (Van), a first-line antibacterial drug, struggles to inhibit these biofilms. Zhenqi granules (ZQ), a traditional Chinese medicine comprising Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum, enhance various the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. This research aimed to decipher the effects and mechanisms of combining Van and ZQ on MRSA and its biofilms.
Method
The effect was examined through biofilm modelling and morphological observation. The underlying mechanism was explored by analysing key biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) like polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) and extracellular DNA (eDNA), and the second messenger c-di-AMP and its regulatory genes involved in wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis and K+ transport gating proteins.
Results
ZQ exhibits inhibits MRSA biofilm viability more effectively than Van. The combination therapy of Van and ZQ further impedes the growth of MRSA biofilms, reduces the fluorescence signal values of both live and dead bacteria, and alters bacterial morphology and size. This combined treatment also decreases c-di-AMP, PIA, and eDNA, inhibits icaA, ktrA, and demonstrates superior inhibition of fmtA and tarH compared to monotherapy.
Conclusion
The combination of Van and ZQ can effectively inhibit the growth of MRSA biofilm. The mechanism involves the reduction of c-di-AMP and the EPS components PIA and eDNA and the inhibition of the PIA synthesis gene icaA and the WTA genes fmtA, tarH. This study provides scientific evidence for the combination of Van and ZQ in the treatment of MRSA infection.
Advantage of multichannel intraluminal impedance in the diagnosis of aerophagia: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Aya , Fujii Takayuki , Katami Hiroto , Shimono Ryuichi
Published: July 2024

Background: Aerophagia is caused by the swallowing of excessive air and is associated with various gastrointestinal symptoms. Aerophagia is diagnosed based on the observation of the occurrence of excessive air swallowing or ingestion; however, it tends to be difficult and often delayed. Early recognition and diagnosis of aerophagia are required to avoid unnecessary diagnostic investigations or serious clinical complications. Given that multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH measurement can discriminate gas, liquid, and mixed swallows, it can be useful for the diagnosis of aerophagia.
Case presentation: A 7-year-old girl presented to us with vomiting, and abdominal radiography showed dilatation of the stomach and intestine with no signs of mechanical obstruction. After successful conservative treatment, her symptoms recurred. Along with frequent visible and audible air swallowing, computed tomography (CT) revealed a severely dilated stomach with organoaxial volvulus. Multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH measurement was performed for further exploration. Patients showed numerous air swallows, particularly in the daytime during the 24-h recording period. She was diagnosed with aerophagia complicated by gastric volvulus. Given that she had a mental disorder and psychological counseling was difficult, laparoscopic anterior gastropexy and gastrostomy were performed to correct the gastric volvulus and desufflator.
Conclusions: In addition to clinical symptoms, multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH measurement may help more accurately and objectively diagnose aerophagia. Further studies of air swallowing patterns may be useful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of aerophagia.
The Distribution of Fishes of Economic Importance Under Changing Climate in Lamu, Kenya.
Authors: Leshamta Getrude Tausi , Muthama John N. , Muthumbi Agness W. , Ndiwa
Published: July 2024

Fisheries in Kenya is key in local and national economy. This study supports climate governance by showing the past and future distribution of fishes of economic importance and state of fish habitats under changing climate to guide in Marine Spatial Planning and sustainable Blue economy. Analysis of climate extremes was compared with the trends of fish catch and the reason behind dwindling catches deduced. KMD and KeFS climate and fish catch data was used in the analysis of historical extremes and trends. The future distribution of fishes of economic importance was assessed using species distribution modelling with climate change scenario data from worldclim.com.
Findings showed that catch values have been increasing since 2015 and 0ff-shore species catches decreasing. By the year 2050, several parts of Lamu East and few places in Lamu West are expected to experience inundation.Mangroves are expected to be distributed over most parts of Lamu shoreline while several parts are expected to be suitable for sea grass. Most parts of Lamu East are expected to support crabs, lobsters and green algae while several places in Lamu West are expected to be suitable. Several parts of Lamu East are expected to be suitable for Tuna fish, sailfish and snappers while in Lamu West only a few parts will be suitable.
The study recommends conservation of mangroves and sea grass, better fishing gears and coolants for fishers and continued surveillance in Lamu east waters which is more productive than the West to cope with the changing climate.
Fatigue Effects on Angular Kinematics in Recreational Runners Grouped by Functional Response
Authors: Martínez Alberto Encarnación , Sánchez-Ribes Esther , Bruna-Lázaro Rubén , Sanchis-Sanchis Roberto , Ashby Jack , Pérez-Soriano Pedro
Published: July 2024

Background
The low level of evidence regarding injury risk factors motivates new studies analysing biomechanical risk factors (BRF) and their interaction with factors such as fatigue, which serves as the primary modulator of biomechanical response during running. This study aimed to determine if fatigue-related changes in BRF could functionally group healthy recreational runners and to compare biomechanical responses among them. Thirty-nine (N = 39) male recreational runners underwent analysis of lower leg angular kinematics, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and perceived effort before and after a 30-minute exhaustive continuous treadmill running test. Changes in BRF between pre- and post-fatigue conditions were used for clustering via the K-means algorithm.
Results
Three functional groups (FG) were identified, each displaying distinct behaviours in lower limb angular kinematics following fatigue onset. While FG1 and FG2 exhibited similar or compensatory behaviours to maintain their usual running dynamics, FG3 showed more pronounced changes, including increased hip flexion (7.4%) and knee flexion (21%) at touch-down, as well as increased knee flexion at maximal knee flexion (6%) and at the toe-off instant (9%) during the running cycle.
Conclusions
Fatigue-induced alterations in the considered biomechanical risk factors allow for the functional grouping of recreational athletes. Changes in FG3 impact running patterns, altering running economy-related variables, and supposedly increasing injury risk, requiring different training and preventive interventions.
RETRACTED: Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Gallic Acid Based on Carmine Modified Platinum Electrode: Application in Estimation of Total Polyphenols in Onion Powder Samples
Authors: Amayreh Mohammad
Published: July 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Miniaturized Broad-band Frequency Selective Surface with Square Loop Structure and its Complementary Pattern
Authors: Kanchana D. , Ashvanth Balu
Published: July 2024

A miniaturized dual sided modified square loop structure is printed on the both sides of single layer substrate are proposed, with one band stop and two controllable passbands is obtained. Each FSS element consists of modified square loop on the top metal layer and its corresponding complementary pattern is printed on the bottom of the FR4 substrate with thickness of 0.8mm and it covers the centre frequency of 10 GHz. The proposed design provides two transmission poles separated by a transmission zero. The simulated and measured results are good to each other. Furthermore, the cases of various angle of incidence for both TE and TM mode are also measured and examined.
A Scoping Review Continuing Professional Development Programs for Midwives: Optimising Management of Obstetric Emergencies and Complications.
Authors: Musie Maurine Rofhiwa , Tagutanazvo Oslinah Buru , Sepeng Nombulelo Veronica , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis , Hlongwane Tsakane
Published: July 2024

Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in ensuring safe childbirth, particularly in the management of obstetric emergencies and complications. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs are essential to keep midwives updated with the latest skills and knowledge, ensuring high-quality maternal care.
Problem statement:
Aim: We conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize evidence on continuing professional development for midwives optimising management of obstetric emergencies and complications to reveal evidence to address the knowledge gap and implementation of policy.
Methods: This scoping review was guided by the adapted version of Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework (2005). We searched the following databases from 2013 to 2023: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE and Academic search): and ProQuest central. The quality of the included studies was appraised using mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. Content analysis and synthesis of the findings were conducted using Nvivo 12.
Results: Of the 752 articles identified through database searching, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and reported according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. After data extraction, content analysis yielded the following 4 major themes: Types of CPD training programs, Effectiveness of CPD on management of obstetric emergencies, Barriers/Challenges with lack of implementation of CPD programs and Suggestion for implementation of CPD programs.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the significance of CPD programs in equipping midwives with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle obstetric emergencies effectively. The program can be offered in various approaches including simulation-based training, technology-based simulation, online modules, workshops, and interdisciplinary/interprofessional learning sessions, have shown to be effective. Each method offers unique advantages, such as hands-on practice in simulations and flexibility in online learning with smart applications such as SAFE delivery applications.
Trial registration: Research Ethics reference #322/2023, date of registration: 14/02/2024.
Women and healthcare provider views on the acceptability of user fee exemptions for caesarean section to prevent maternal and perinatal complications in low and lower-middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hubner Madeleine , Jones Laura , Kingdon Carol , Downe Soo , Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Tadros Agiya , Naidu Harshitha , Thangaratinam Shakila , Wilson Amie
Published: July 2024

Background
Clinically indicated caesarean section (CS) can be a lifesaving procedure to minimise complications during childbirth. User fees are direct out-of-pocket costs for receiving a particular medical service and constitute a financial barrier to accessing care. Policies to remove user fees for CS in low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMIC) aim to improve timely access and prevent catastrophic expenditures. However, there is a need to understand the acceptability of these policies. This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to explore the acceptability of user fee exemption policies for CS in LLMIC from the perspectives of women and healthcare providers.
Methods
Six electronic databases and relevant reference lists were systematically searched. Studies containing primary qualitative data including women and/or healthcare provider views on the acceptability of user fee exemptions for CS, undertaken in LLMIC, and published between 1990 and May 2024, were eligible for inclusion. Best-fit framework synthesis using the Sekon et al.’s theoretical framework of acceptability informed data analysis.
Results
We included five studies involving 315 women and healthcare providers. Studies were published between 2011 and 2020. Data aligned with Sekhon et al’s theoretical framework of acceptability and were presented in 5 domains: affective attitude, burden, ethicality and opportunity cost, perceived effectiveness and intervention coherence, and self-efficacy. The free CS policies were perceived to increase the utilisation of health facilities and CS and as a move towards more equitable maternity care. However, concern was expressed that the policies had encouraged medically unjustified CS and did not cover complications of vaginal births. Policies were reported to be poorly implemented and inadequately resourced, resulting in many women still paying for their CS and negatively impacting quality of care.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrate a mixed picture of the acceptability of removing user fees for CS. A broader policy that appropriately addresses all obstetric complications with adequate staffing and resources will likely increase acceptability and reduce maternal and perinatal complications.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of Buruli ulcer among residents in Jasikan Municipality of Ghana: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Baba Atubiga Alobit , Abdulai Mohammed , Cowther Stanley , Smith Rev. Mahama Wayo , Adjabeng Michael
Published: July 2024

Background
Buruli ulcer is part of the neglected tropical diseases in the world. The disease often starts with a pre-ulcerative nodule, a plaque or oedema which breaks down to form characteristic ulcers with undermined edges. The mode of transmission and identifying source reservoirs of the causative organism of the disease are still largely unknown.
Purpose
This study explored the knowledge, attitude and practices of Buruli ulcer among residents in Jasikan Municipality of Ghana using an ethnographic study.
Method
The study employed an ethnographic approach. The data was collected from 20 study participants using in-depth interview guide. The data was presented using thematic analysis.
Results
Respondents knowledge on Buruli ulcer varied. Some respondents attributed the cause of the disease to evil spirits and some respondents had no knowledge on what cause the disease. The study found that Buruli ulcer patients sought treatment in health facilities, prayer camps, herbalist homes and practiced self-medications. The findings revealed that, residents without the disease had negative attitude towards Buruli ulcer patients.
Conclusions
Knowledge of respondents on Buruli ulcer varied and various practices were used to manage the disease. The attitude of participants towards the disease was unfavourvable.
Knowledge, Attitude and Use of Contraceptive Among Secondary School Students in the Gambia
Authors: Jatta Solomon PS , Badjie Mansour , Sreed Aswathy
Published: July 2024

Background: Family planning assists individuals and couples in anticipating and achieving their desired number of children as well as the spacing and timing of their births. The public healthcare system in many nations neglects adolescents and young people. Lack of proper awareness and utilization of family planning services by secondary school students poses a significant public health challenge, particularly as the government strives to reduce mother and child morbidity and mortality in the Gambia.
This paper aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and use of contraceptives among secondary school students in The Gambia.
METHODOLOGY: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in The Gambia. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to students through face-to-face interviews. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.
RESULTS: The findings showed a low level of good knowledge of family planning with only 17.5% of the participants having good knowledge. The most common source of information was radio and television. The attitude of students towards family planning was relatively positive with 50.4% had positive attitude. About one in ten (9.8%) were practicing family planning. Seventy-nine (20.8%) were sexually active and out of these 41.3% were engaged in risky sexual behaviors.
CONCLUSION: There was a low level of good knowledge and uptake of family planning commodities in both regions and the proportion of urban participants with positive attitudes was higher than the rural.
Effects of different exercise intensities based on body weight change on nutritional status, body composition, and energy balance in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ikeuchi Tomoyuki , Shingai Kazuya , Ichiki Katsuyuki , Jimi Takeo , Kawano Tetsuya , Kato Kaori , Tsuda Toru
Published: July 2024

Background
High-intensity exercise is recommended for the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, it can cause energy imbalance due to increased energy expenditure. Here, we aimed to explore how reducing exercise intensity affects energy balance in patients with COPD experiencing weight loss due to high-intensity training.
Methods
All participants underwent high-intensity endurance and resistance training for a 2-week preliminary period. Those who lost more than 1% of their weight were then randomized to either continue high-intensity exercise (AA group) or switch to low-intensity exercise (AB group) for another two weeks (experimental period).
Results
The analysis included 30 participants (AA, n = 15; AB, n = 15). The AA group showed significant increases in body composition, dietary intake, nutritional status, muscle strength, and exercise capacity at week 4 than at week 2, with no significant changes in the AB group. After the experimental period, a greater proportion of the AA group had energy intake exceeding expenditure than did the AB group (80% vs. 40%).
Conclusions
In patients with COPD who lost body weight during pulmonary rehabilitation with high-intensity exercise, continuing this exercise had a more positive effect on body composition, nutritional status, physical function, and energy balance than did reducing exercise intensity. These results suggest the importance of continuing high-intensity exercise, along with consideration of energy intake and nutritional therapy, even when body weight loss occurs during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Trial registration
: This study was retrospectively registered on the UMIN-CTR as UMIN000050976 on May 5, 2023.
Comparison of semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG digital PET/CT and simultaneous PET/MRI in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients
Authors: Panperee Pimlapat , Thongdonpua Supachoke , Jantarato Attapon , Promteangtrong Chetsadaporn , Kunawudhi Anchisa , Kiatkittikul Peerapon , Siripongsatian Dheeratama , Keeratipiriyakul Jiratthakorn , Konggasame Onanong , Chotipanich Chanisa
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aims to validate the impact of standardized uptake value (SUV) derived from positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) on lymphoma interpretation. A retrospective analysis compared semi-quantitative measures between PET/MRI and digital/computed tomography (PET/CT).
Methods: 106 lymphoma patients underwent both PET/CT followed by PET/MRI (PET/CTfirst group, n=51) or PET/MRI followed by PET/CT (PET/MRIfirst group, n=55). SUV measurements in lesions, liver, and mediastinal blood pool were compared.
Results: SUVmax and SUVmean were significantly lower in PET/MRI than PET/CT (P<0.05), except SUVmean for mediastinal blood pool in the PET/MRIfirst group (P<0.09). Correlation between modalities was excellent for the lesion (ρ=0.90–0.96). Moreover, there was a high correlation for SUVmax and SUVmean in the liver in the PET/CTfirst group (ρ=0.71–0.77) and for the SUVmean in the liver and mediastinal blood pool in the PET/MRIfirst group. A moderate correlation (ρ=0.56-0.69) was observed for the SUVmax in the mediastinal blood pool regardless of acquisition order and for the SUVmax in the liver in the PET/MRIfirst group; however, the lowest correlation was for SUVmean in the mediastinal blood pool (ρ=0.48). The Deauville five-point scale (D5PS) scores indicated good agreement between modalities (κ=0.6566 for PET/CTfirst and κ=0.4846 for PET/MRIfirst; P<0.001).
Conclusion: PET/MRI is effective in lymphoma assessment, correlating SUV quantification and showing good agreement with D5PS from digital PET/CT. However, quantitative PET image comparison is limited due to subsystem design and gamma attenuation correction methods. Follow-up examinations on the same machine are recommended for accurate quantitative tracer uptake evaluation.