bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Web Connectivity in a Mangrove–Seagrass–Patch Reef (MSP) Seascape: Lessons from a Tropical Back-Reef in Puerto Rico
Authors: Quigg Antonietta , Wells R. J. David , Rooker Jay R. , Hill Ronald L. , Kitchens Larissa L. , Dance Michael A. , Moulton David L. , Sanchez Phillip J. , Ferreira Beatrice Padovani
Published: January 2023

Alterations to the functions and connectivity of mangrove–seagrass–patch reef (MSP) seascapes have the potential to impact the survival, foraging activities, and movement of reef-dependent invertebrates (e.g., crabs and shrimp) and fishes. In the current study, we examined carbon flow in the Guánica Biosphere Reserve in southwestern Puerto Rico using pigment analysis of particulate organic matter and stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in flora and fauna. Several lines of evidence pointed to N2 fixers (cyanobacteria) being important for fueling primary productivity in this oligotrophic ecosystem including low (<0.7 µg L−1) chlorophyll, prevalence of cyanobacteria based on pigment signatures, and the isotope signatures of seagrass and red mangrove leaf tissue (enriched δ15N values) and consumers (depleted δ15N values). Food web mixing models based on stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) revealed that multiple producers (phytoplankton, benthic microalgae, seagrasses, etc.) contributed organic matter to the consumers (zooplankton, invertebrates, and fishes) in the MSP seascape at the center of the reserve. Contribution estimates for common benthic invertebrates (crabs and shrimp) were taxon-specific, and the highest input was generally linked to particulate organic matter (POM) and benthic microalgae (BMA)/seagrass producer categories, although meaningful mangrove contribution was observed for some taxa. Similarly, contribution estimates for fishes were highest for POM and BMA/seagrass, with the latter producer category being more important for species known to migrate from mangroves or patch reefs to seagrass beds at night (bluestriped grunt, French grunt, and white grunt). Although all fish investigated were observed in mangrove prop-root habitats, input of organic matter from mangroves to these consumers was typically limited for most of the species examined. Understanding these complex seascapes contributes to our understanding of the ecology of these vital ecosystems.
Gas Dynamics of Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems
Authors: Sazhin Oleg
Published: January 2023

The size of micro- and nanofluidic devices accounts for their operation in modes that differ significantly from those for the corresponding macroscopic counterparts. Deep understanding of gas-dynamic processes occurring in micro- and nanofluidic systems opens new opportunities for the practical use of molecular transport at the micro- and nanoscale. Models and simulation methods with high reliability are described. The article also outlines the important flow parameters which must be considered in the first place to correctly simulate gas-dynamic processes in micro- and nanofluidic systems. The review will be useful as a reference for researchers interested in implementing preliminary analysis in the development and optimization of micro- and nanofluid devices.
Layer-by-Layer Deposited Multi-Modal PDAC/rGO Composite-Based Sensors
Authors: Al-Hamry Ammar , Lu Tianqi , Bai Jing , Adiraju Anurag , Ega Tharun K. , Pašti Igor A. , Kanoun Olfa
Published: January 2023

Different environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity, aggravate food spoilage, and different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released based on the extent of spoilage. In addition, a lack of efficient monitoring of the dosage of pesticides leads to crop failure. This could lead to the loss of food resources and food production with harmful contaminants and a short lifetime. For this reason, precise monitoring of different environmental parameters and contaminations during food processing and storage is a key factor for maintaining its safety and nutritional value. Thus, developing reliable, efficient, cost-effective sensor devices for these purposes is of utmost importance. This paper shows that Poly-(diallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride)/reduced Graphene oxide (PDAC/rGO) films produced by a simple Layer-by-Layer deposition can be effectively used to monitor temperature, relative humidity, and the presence of volatile organic compounds as indicators for spoilage odors. At the same time, they show potential for electrochemical detection of organophosphate pesticide dimethoate. By monitoring the resistance/impedance changes during temperature and relative humidity variations or upon the exposure of PDAC/rGO films to methanol, good linear responses were obtained in the temperature range of 10–100 °C, 15–95% relative humidity, and 35 ppm–55 ppm of methanol. Moreover, linearity in the electrochemical detection of dimethoate is shown for the concentrations in the order of 102 µmol dm−3. The analytical response to different external stimuli and analytes depends on the number of layers deposited, affecting sensors’ sensitivity, response and recovery time, and long-term stability. The presented results could serve as a starting point for developing advanced multi-modal sensors and sensor arrays with high potential for analytical applications in food safety and quality monitoring.
Production of Ribosomal Protein S12/Renilla Luciferase Fusion and Development of a Bioluminescent Method for Detection of Aminoglycosides in Pork and Studying Its Recognition Mechanism
Authors: Xia Wanqiu , Zhang Lei , Wang Jianping
Published: January 2023

In this study, the genes of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 and renilla luciferase were linked and expressed to produce a fusion protein, and its intermolecular interactions and affinities with sevenaminoglycosides were studied. Then, the fusion protein was used as the core agent to develop a bioluminescent method on a conventional microplate for determination of the residues of thesevenaminoglycosides in pork. This method contained only one sample-loading step, and thus the assay was finished within 30 min. The limits of detection for the sevendrugs were in the range of 0.51–1.1 ng/mL, and the sensitivity for a specific drug was mainly determined by the receptordrug affinity but not related with the binding energy. After general comparison, the present method showed generally better performances than the previously reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for aminoglycosides. This is the first study reporting the recognition mechanisms of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 for aminoglycosides and developing a bioluminescent method for detection of aminoglycoside residues in pork samples.
Feeding Laying Ducks Eucommia ulmoides oliv. Leaves Increases the n-3 Fatty Acids Content and Decreases the n-6: n-3 PUFA Ratio in Egg Yolk without Affecting Laying Performance or Egg Quality
Authors: Feng Yulong , Dai Guotao , Han Xue , Li Meijuan , Zhao Degang , Wu Jiahai , Wu Yongbao , Wen Zhiguo
Published: January 2023

The objective was to determine the effects of supplementing duck diets with Eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaf powder (EUL). Laying ducks (n = 480) were randomly allocated into 4 experimental treatments and fed diets containing 0, 1, 2, or 4% EUL. Dietary inclusion of EUL had no effect (p > 0.05) on laying performance or egg quality, but linearly increased (p < 0.05) total plasma protein, globulin, and HDL-C concentrations with concurrent reductions (p < 0.05) in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and LDL-C. Eggs laid by ducks receiving EUL had yolks with linearly higher phenolic concentrations (p < 0.05) but lower cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05). EUL supplementation in duck diets significantly reduced n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio by enriching n-3 fatty acids in yolks (p < 0.05) with no changes in n-6 PUFA (p >0.05).
Effect of Piperine on Saltiness Perception
Authors: Moss Rachael , Fisher Cassie , Gorman Mackenzie , Knowles Sophie , LeBlanc Jeanne , Ritchie Christopher , Schindell Kaelyn , Ettinger Laurel , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: January 2023

Chemical irritants, like piperine, have the potential to increase human perception of tastes and odours, including saltiness. This cross-modal interaction could help the food industry develop new salt-reduced food products that maintain their salty taste. The objective of this study was: firstly, to determine the detection threshold of piperine (n = 72), secondly to evaluate piperine’s influence on saltiness perception in model solutions (n = 78), and lastly to identify piperine’s effect on sensory perception of low sodium soup using temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA; n = 75). The group mean of the individual threshold was 0.55 ± 0.15 ppm. Piperine increased the saltiness perception of the model solutions, but it also increased the bitterness and decreased the sweetness of the solutions. The piperine significantly increased the saltiness intensity of the soups (evaluated using a generalized labelled magnitude), but during the TCATA task, the salty attribute was selected less for the soup with piperine than the control (based on the average proportion of selection). The TCATA indicated that the peppery attribute dominated the participants’ perception of the soup with piperine. More studies are needed to assess piperine’s cross-modal interactions.
Dynamic Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharides during Fruit Development and Ripening of Two Contrasting Loquat Cultivars and Associated Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Deng Honghong , Wang Xi , Wang Yang , Xiang Yinchun , Chen Mingmin , Zhang Huifen , Luo Xian , Xia Hui , Liang Dong , Lv Xiulan , Wang Jin , Deng Qunxian
Published: January 2023

Loquats have drawn much attention due to their essential nutrients and unusual phenology, which fills a market gap in early spring. Fruit firmness (FF) is one of the most important quality attributes. Dynamic changes in FF, cell wall (CW) polysaccharides, CW hydrolase activity, and expression of CW metabolism-related genes during the fruit development and ripening stages of two contrasting loquat cultivars were compared. Although the two cultivars possessed similar FF at the initial fruitlet stage, Dawuxing was significantly firmer than Ninghaibai at all subsequent time points. FF was positively correlated with the contents of covalent-soluble pectin and hemicellulose, activity of peroxidase, and gene expressions of PME, EG, CAD6, and POD; and negatively correlated with the contents of water-soluble pectin, activities of polygalacturonase, endo-glucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase, and gene expressions of PG, EG2, PAL1, PAL3, and CAD5. Identifying molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in FF is useful for fundamental research and crop improvement in future.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis Natto Strains on Antiviral Responses in Resiquimod-Stimulated Human M1-Phenotype Macrophages
Authors: Fujii Keisuke , Kubo Yuji , Noguchi Tomotsugu , Tobita Keisuke
Published: January 2023

Bacillus subtilis natto is used in the production of natto, a traditional fermented soy food, and has beneficial immunomodulatory effects in humans. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, including influenza and coronavirus, often cause global pandemics. We proposed a human cell culture model mimicking ssRNA viral infection and investigated the ability of B. subtilis natto to induce antiviral effects in the model. The gene expressions were analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. M1-phenotype macrophages derived from THP-1 cells strongly express the Toll-like receptor 8 (76.2-hold), CD80 (64.2-hold), and CCR7 (45.7-hold) mRNA compared to M0 macrophages. One µg/mL of resiquimod (RSQ)-stimulation induced the expression of IRF3 (1.9-hold), CXCL10 (14.5-hold), IFNβ1 (3.5-hold), ISG20 (4.4-hold), and MxA (1.7-hold) mRNA in the M1-phenotype macrophages. Based on these results, the RSQ-stimulated M1-phenotype macrophages were used as a cell culture model mimicking ssRNA viral infection. Moreover, the B. subtilis natto XF36 strain induced the expression of genes associated with antiviral activities (IFNβ1, IFNλ1, ISG20, and RNase L) and anti-inflammatory activities (IL-10) in the cell culture model. Thus, it is suggested that the XF36 suppresses viral infections and excessive inflammation by inducing the expression of genes involved in antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.
Reduction of Cd Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa) Grain Using Different Field Management Practices in Alkaline Soils
Authors: Zveushe Obey Kudakwashe , Ling Qin , Li Xing , Sajid Sumbal , Dios Víctor Resco de , Nabi Farhan , Han Ying , Dong Faqin , Zeng Fang , Zhou Lei , Shen Songrong , Zhang Wei , Li Zhi
Published: January 2023

Cadmium contamination and toxicity on plants and human health is a major problem in China. Safe rice production in Cd-contaminated alkaline soils, with acceptably low Cd levels and high yields, remains an important research challenge. To achieve this, a small-scale field experiment with seven different soil amendment materials was conducted to test their effects performance. Two best-performing materials were selected for the large-scale field experiment. Combinations of humic acid, foliar, and/or soil silicon fertilization and deep or shallow plowing were designed. It was found that the combination, including humic acid, soil and foliar silicate fertilization, and shallow plowing (5–10 cm), produced the most desirable results (the lowest soil bioavailable Cd, the lowest grain Cd concentrations, and the highest grain yield). Rice farmers are therefore recommended to implement this combination to attain high grain yield with low Cd concentrations in alkaline soils.
Gastronomic Experience and Consumer Behavior: Analyzing the Influence on Destination Image
Authors: Kovalenko Alina , Dias Álvaro , Pereira Leandro , Simões Ana
Published: January 2023

Gastronomy experiences are becoming a fundamental factor that influences the making of a decision regarding choosing a travel destination, as well as being a crucial factor in shaping tourists’ satisfaction regarding their overall travel experience. The aim of the study is to identify and explain the simultaneous impact of the key factors that influence a gastronomic experience and their impact on tourists’ satisfaction with a trip and the destination’s brand. These issues were addressed within the context of Ukraine, as this is an overlooked area of academic research, and an online survey was conducted, targeting domestic and international tourists. Structural equation modeling was used to assess and reveal the proposed hypotheses in the model. The study contributed to the theoretical understanding of the key factors that increases the occurrence of a memorable gastronomic experience and the relationship between the experience of food and its role in the satisfaction of and the perceived brand of a destination. Moreover, the finding showed that past experience and prior knowledge have a positive influence on the gastronomy experience, while tourists’ prior knowledge effects the perceived quality of a destination’s cuisine, as well as the food activities in the destination. Linkages in the model were empirically supported by statistical analyses. Nonetheless, the various level of the tourists’ involvement with gastronomy might be used as an input to examine and improve the memorable gastronomic experience on-site. The research simultaneously highlighted the importance of gastronomy to tourist destinations for positioning on international and domestic markets. The paper not only provides theoretical but also practical implications. The hospitality and tourism businesses benefit from acknowledging the importance of local food and the local food market. The findings of this study are also deemed to assist destination marketers who observe that tourists have become more demanding in search of unique experiences offered by destinations.
Optimization of Canolol Production from Canola Meal Using Microwave Digestion as a Pre-Treatment Method
Authors: Nandasiri Ruchira , Fadairo Olamide , Nguyen Thu , Zago Erika , Anas M. U. Mohamed , Eskin N. A. Michael
Published: January 2023

Canola meal, the by-product of canola oil refining, is a rich source of phenolic compounds and protein. The meal, however, is primarily utilized as animal feed but represents an invaluable source of nutraceuticals. Of particular interest are the sinapates, sinapine and sinapic acid, with the decarboxylation of the latter to form canolol. Extracting these phenolics has been carried out using a variety of different methods, although there is an urgent need for environmentally safe and sustainable methods. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE), as a green extraction method, is receiving considerable interest. Its ease of use makes MAE one of the best methods for studying multiple solvents. The formation of canolol, from sinapine and sinapic acid, is primarily dependent on temperature, which favors the decarboxylation reaction. The application of MAE, using the MultiwaveTM 500 microwave system with green extractants, was undertaken to assess its ability to enhance the yield of sinapates and canolol. This study examined the effects of different pre-treatment temperature-time combinations of 140, 150, 160, and 170 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min on the extraction of canolol and other canola endogenous phenolic compounds. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as metal ion chelation (MIC) and DPPH radical activity of the different extracts were assessed. The results confirmed that extractability of canolol was optimized with methanol at 151 °C and with ethanol at 170 °C with pre-treatment times of 15.43 min and 19.31 min, respectively. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between TPC and TFC (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between TFC and DPPH radical activity. Interestingly, no significant correlation was observed between MIC and DPPH. These results confirmed the effectiveness of MAE, using the novel MultiwaveTM 500 microwave instrument, to enhance the yield of canolol. This was accompanied by substantial improvements in the antioxidant activity of the different extracts and further established the efficacy of the current MAE method for isolating important natural phenolic derivatives for utilization by the nutraceutical industry.
Microstructural Examination of Molten Marks on Copper Wire for Fire Investigation
Authors: Sachana Suphattra , Morishita Kohei , Miyahara Hirofumi
Published: January 2023

Fire investigators have attempted to study fire behaviors through microstructural examination of molten marks on copper wire. However, there have not been many studies on the metallurgical examination of real-world cases. This research examined the surface morphology and microstructure in the longitudinal section of molten marks on copper wire from various fire scenes to explain how they formed and identify the surrounding materials. The results show that the foreign elements discovered via EDS on the surface of molten marks vary depending on their environment. Molten mark microstructures differed even if they were collected from the same fire scene; a distinct microstructure implies different molten mark formations. Moreover, the presence of residual elements in the microstructure indicates the existence of surrounding materials during formation in a fire. Therefore, microstructural diversity and the presence of residual elements may guide fire investigators in explaining the formation of molten marks and the fire environment for fire investigation.
Potential Hemostatic and Wound Healing Effects of Thermoresponsive Wound Dressing Gel Loaded with Lignosus rhinocerotis and Punica granatum Extracts
Authors: Faris Taufeq Farha Yasmin , Habideen Nur Hamizah , Rao Loageshwari Nagaswa , Podder Promit Kumar , Katas Haliza
Published: January 2023

Biologically active compounds in Lignosus rhinocerotis and Punica granatum are found to facilitate wound healing and exhibit hemostatic activity, making them a good combination as bioactives for wound dressings. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the potential of thermoresponsive gels loaded with L. rhinocerotis (HLRE) and P. granatum (PPE) extracts as dressings for wound treatment. The gels were prepared using Pluronic PF127 polymer and mixed with PEG 400 and/or starch prior to incorporation with both extracts (0.06 to 1 mg/mL). The gelation temperature (Tgel) at the skin temperature was achieved when Pluronic PF127 was mixed with 22% w/v PEG 400 and reduced to 25.7 ± 0.3–26.7 ± 1.2 °C after adding HLRE and PPE. The gels exhibited satisfactory hardness (2.02 ± 0.19–6.45 ± 0.53 N), cohesiveness (0.9 ± 0.07–2.28 ± 0.4 mJ), adhesiveness (5.07 ± 2.41–19.6 ± 1.1 mJ), and viscosity (0.15 ± 0.04–0.95 ± 0.03 Pa.s), suitable for wound dressings. The optimized gels displayed high thrombin activity and cell migration rate (wound closure of 74% ± 12–89% ± 2 within 24 h), demonstrating hemostatic and healing effects. The thermoresponsive gels demonstrated advantages to be used as dressings for treating acute and open wounds.
The Moderator Effect of Subthreshold Autistic Traits on the Relationship between Quality of Life and Internet Addiction
Authors: Sulla Francesco , Camia Michela , Scorza Maristella , Giovagnoli Sara , Padovani Roberto , Benassi Erika
Published: January 2023

People with sub-threshold autistic traits (SATs) are more prone to develop addictive behaviors such the ones linked to Internet abuse. The restrictions for anti-COVID-19 distancing measures encourage social isolation and, consequently, increase screen time, which may lead to Internet addiction (IA). However, a better quality of life (QoL) may have function as a protective factor against the development of IA. This study wanted to investigate the relation between SATs, QoL, and the overuse of the Internet in a group of 141 university students in the North of Italy. Participants completed a battery of tests. Results suggest that QoL is a predictive factor of IA and that the relationship between QoL and IA is significantly moderated by SATs. This could mean that SATs might represent a risk factor for IA, even when people have a better quality of life. Differences between female and male students are discussed, as well as possible implications for practice.
Developing a Low-Cost IoT-Based Remote Cardiovascular Patient Monitoring System in Cameroon
Authors: Armand Tagne Poupi Theodore , Mozumder Md Ariful Islam , Ali Sikandar , Amaechi Austin Oguejiofor , Kim Hee-Cheol
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Cameroonians are exposed to poor health services, more so citizens with cardiovascular-related diseases. The global high cost of acquiring healthcare-related technologies has prompted the government and individuals to promote the need for local research and the development of the health system. (2) Objectives: The main goal of this study is to design and develop a low-cost cardiovascular patient monitoring system (RPM) with wireless capabilities that could be used in any region of Cameroon, accessible, and very inexpensive, that are able to capture important factors, well reflecting the patient’s condition and provide alerting mechanisms. (3) Method: Using the lean UX process from the Gothelf and Seiden framework, the implemented IoT-based application measures the patients’ systolic, diastolic, and heart rates using various sensors, that are automated to record directly to the application database for analysis. The validity of the heuristic evaluation was examined in an ethnographic study of paramedics using a prototype of the system in their work environment. (4) Results: We obtained a system that was pre-tested on demo patients and later deployed and tested on seven real human test subjects. The users’ task performances partially verified the heuristic evaluation results. (5) Conclusions: The data acquired by the sensors have a high level of accuracy and effectively help specialists to properly monitor their patients at a low cost. The proposed system maintains a user-friendliness as no expertise is required for its effective utilization.
Conversion of Femoral-Tibial Bypass Surgery into Deep Vein Arterialization in a Patient with Severe Peripheral Artery Disease: Post-Operative Computed Tomography and Angiography Findings
Authors: Parillo Marco , De Stefano Domenico , Catanese Vincenzo , Mallio Carlo Augusto , Spinelli Francesco , Stilo Francesco , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo
Published: January 2023

Deep vein arterialization (DVA) is a therapeutic option in “no option” for revascularization chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients, creating an arteriovenous bypass between a proximal artery and a distal deep venous target at the ankle. Imaging plays a crucial role in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patient management. We present the case of a 71-year-old PAD patient (Rutherford class 5) with focal gangrene of the first and second toes of the right foot, who was admitted to the vascular surgery department to undergo revascularization surgery by femoro-tibial artery bypass. During surgery a DVA was performed because of an unsatisfactory distal artery target. The post-operative computed tomography angiography showed the saphenous graft patency and opacification of distal foot veins. Subsequent angiography documented the presence of a large venous collateral, responsible for extensive early wash-out to leg venous vessels, which was then embolized. After two months, the patient underwent amputation of the right first and second necrotic toes at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joints. The post-operative course was excellent, with disappearance of pain at rest and good trophism of the surgical wound.
Antigen Receptors Gene Analysis for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Role of High Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Paolini Stefania , Visani Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

The prognosis of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is variable but more often dismal. Indeed, its clinical management is challenging, current therapies inducing complete remission in 65–90% of cases, but only 30–40% of patients being cured. The major determinant of treatment failure is relapse; consequently, measurement of residual leukemic blast (minimal residual disease, MRD) has become a powerful independent prognostic indicator in adults. Numerous evidences have also supported the clinical relevance of MRD assessment for risk class assignment and treatment selection. MRD can be virtually evaluated in all ALL patients using different technologies, such as polymerase chain reaction amplification of fusion transcripts and clonal rearrangements of antigen receptor genes, flow cytometric study of leukemic immunophenotypes and, the most recent, high throughput sequencing (HTS). In this review, the authors focused on the latest developments on MRD monitoring with emphasis on the use of HTS, as well as on the clinical impact of MRD monitoring.
Acquired Hemophilia A Treated with Recombinant Porcine Factor VIII: Case Report and Literature Review on Its Efficacy
Authors: Borro Matteo , Tassara Riccardo , Paris Luca , Artom Nathan , Brignone Marcello , Rebella Lara , Tassara Rodolfo
Published: January 2023

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a bleeding disorder due to the presence of neutralizing autoantibodies named inhibitors in patients with a previously normal hemostasis. Recent international recommendations suggest the use of bypassing agents or substitutive therapy as the first-line treatment, usually preferring the former. The adequate hemostatic therapy needs an accurate balance between bleeding and thrombotic risks. We report a clinical case of acquired hemophilia A successfully treated with recombinant porcine factor VIII (Susoctocog alfa) as the first-line treatment. Despite the patient having a high-risk thrombotic score and a history of recent myocardial infarction, our experience showed the absence of thrombotic complications related to the use of Susoctocog alfa and a complete restoration of hemostatic parameters. Limited literature is present on the use of recombinant porcine factor VIII as a first-line treatment, and our report supports its use, especially when the thrombotic risk is high.
Potential of Suaeda nudiflora and Suaeda fruticosa to Adapt to High Salinity Conditions
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Rajput Vishnu D. , Verma Krishan K. , Minkina Tatiana , Ghazaryan Karen , Arora Jaya
Published: January 2023

The deposition of salts in soil seems likely to become a significant barrier for plant development and growth. Halophytes that flourish in naturally saline habitats may sustain extreme salt levels by adopting different acclimatory traits. Insight into such acclimatory features can be useful for devising salt-resilient crops and the reclamation of saline soil. Therefore, salinity-induced responses were studied in two halophytes, i.e., Suaeda nudiflora and Suaeda fruticosa, at a high soil salinity level (ECe 65) to explore their possible tolerance mechanisms in their natural habitat. Samples of different tissues were collected from both Suaeda species for the determination of physio-biochemical attributes, i.e., ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−) content, osmo-protective compounds (proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins), total phenolic content, and antioxidant components. Heavy metal composition and accumulation in soil and plant samples were also assessed, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was conducted to explore cellular metabolite pools with respect to high salinity. The results showed that both species considerably adjusted the above-mentioned physio-biochemical attributes to resist high salinity, demonstrated by quantitative differences in their above-ground tissues. The FTIR profiles confirmed the plants’ differential responses in terms of variability in lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and cell wall constituents. The high capacity for Na+ and Cl− accumulation and considerable bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for metals, mainly Fe and Zn, validate the importance of both Suaeda species as phytodesalination plants and their potential use in the phytoremediation of salt- and metal-polluted soils.
Investigating the Aromatic Compound Changes in Table Grape Varieties during Growth and Development, Using HS-SPME-GC/MS
Authors: Xue Hui , Sekozawa Yoshihiko , Sugaya Sumiko
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to identify the aromatic compounds present in the different aroma types of different table grape varieties and deeply understand the changes in the aromatic compounds during the growth and development process. The skin and flesh of three table grape varieties (‘Kyoho’, ‘Shine Muscat’, and ‘Ryuho’) in different growth and development stages were selected to determine their aromatic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. The results showed that the aromatic compounds of the ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Ryuho’ grapes were similar, mainly containing C6 compounds and esters, whereas ‘Shine Muscat’ was characterized by C6 compounds and terpenes. The levels of aromatic compounds in the skin were higher than those in the flesh. The content of esters in ‘Ryuho’ was significantly higher than that in ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Shine Muscat’. This showed that ‘Ryuho’ combines the advantages of the parents in its aroma composition. Selecting suitable parents for hybridization is one method for obtaining new varieties with a special aroma. This provides a theoretical basis for future molecular hybrid breeding and molecular-assisted breeding, as well as molecular biology research on aroma synthesis and metabolism in table grapes.
Ecosystem Services Provided by Seaweeds
Authors: Cotas João , Gomes Louisa , Pacheco Diana , Pereira Leonel
Published: January 2023

The ecosystem services can be divided using two major classification systems, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). In the MEA system, the ecosystem services are divided into four major service clusters: supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural. On the other hand, the CICES system regards the “MEA supporting services” as organism natural function (and not an ecosystem service). Thus, this function is the basis for all the three CICES ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, and cultural) provided by one organism. These ecosystem services can be analyzed for the type of habitat, fauna or flora. Seaweeds, or marine macroalgae, are one of the key organisms in estuarine and seawater habitats ecosystems, which currently is of extreme importance due to the climate changes and the blue–green economy. Seaweeds and humankind have been interlinked from the beginning, mainly as a food source, fibers, biochemicals, natural medicine, ornamental resources, art inspiration, and esthetic values in several coastal communities. Moreover, currently they are being studied as green carbon, carbon sequestration, and as a possible source for the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. This review is a concise review of all ecological services provided by seaweeds and their impact in the human life and maintenance of the ecosystem status quo. The future of seaweeds use is also approached, regarding the promotion of seaweed ecological services and its dangers in the future.
After a Century of Research into Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens, Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Vitorino João D. , Costa Pedro M.
Published: January 2023

Cancer is one of the longest-known human diseases, yet only in recent times have we begun to perceive that the percentage of neoplasms caused by environmental factors, lifestyle and chemicals, is likely underestimated. The first medical reports associating cancer with pollutants like tars appeared by the early 20th century, but despite initial evidence relating oncogenesis and chromosomal alterations, only after the structure of DNA had been elucidated in the 1950s have genetic disorders been fully perceived as cause. This led to a growing interest in genotoxic and mutagenic pollutants. Even though we are now familiar with a range of environmental carcinogens spanning between aromatic hydrocarbons and asbestos to radionuclides and forms of carbon nanomaterials, establishing causal networks between pollutants and cancer remains cumbersome. In most part, this is due to the complexity of toxicant matrices, unknown modes-of-action of chemicals or their mixtures, the widening array of novel pollutants plus difficulties in subtracting background effects from true aetiology of disease. Recent advances in analytical chemistry, high-throughput toxicology, next-generation sequencing, computational biology and databases that allocate whole normal and cancer genomes, all indicate that we are on the verge of a new age of research into mechanistic ‘oncotoxicology’, but how can it impact risk assessment and prevention?
The Effects of an Eight-Week Integrated Functional Core and Plyometric Training Program on Young Rhythmic Gymnasts’ Explosive Strength
Authors: Cabrejas Cristina , Solana-Tramunt Mónica , Morales Jose , Nieto Ainhoa , Bofill Ana , Carballeira Eduardo , Pierantozzi Emanuela
Published: January 2023

Background: Explosive strength is essential for rhythmic gymnasts’ performance. It has been suggested that core stability (CS) and plyometric training can enhance athletes’ explosive strength. Nevertheless, there is some uncertainty about the effects of integrated core and plyometric training (CPT) programs on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) performances. Purpose: to evaluate the effects of an integrated functional CPT program on young rhythmic gymnasts’ explosive strength and jump/leap performance. Method: We recruited 44 young (age = 10.5 ± 1.8 years old; peak height velocity, PHV = 12.2 ± 0.6 years old) female rhythmic gymnasts and randomly allocated them into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). Pre and post-intervention, the explosive strength of both groups was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ) and single-leg CMJ (SLCMJ) tests, conducted using a force platform, and expert RG judges evaluated their performance of RG-specific jumps. Before the post-test, the EG (n = 23) completed an 8 week functional CPT program based on RG technical requirements. Meanwhile, the participants in the CG (n = 21) received their regular training sessions. Linear mixed model analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of an intra-subject factor (TIME: pre-post) and an inter-subject factor (GROUP: control-experimental) on each dependent variable. When no significant interaction effect was found, Cohen’s d effect size was calculated. Results: After 8 weeks, the EG obtained significantly better results in all variables measured by the CMJ and SLCMJ (p < 0.01) tests. The judges’ scores indicated greater improvements in the EG after the CPT program in the stag and the split leap. Conclusions: An integrated functional CPT program improved explosive strength in a group of young rhythmic gymnasts and had a large impact on aspects of RG-specific performance. Coaches should consider using this CPT to improve RG performance.
Urban Flooding Prediction Method Based on the Combination of LSTM Neural Network and Numerical Model
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Yaowei , Zhang Changhui , Tian Yangyang , Guo Zhikai
Published: January 2023

At present, urban flood risk analysis and forecasting and early warning mainly use numerical models for simulation and analysis, which are more accurate and can reflect urban flood risk well. However, the calculation speed of numerical models is slow and it is difficult to meet the needs of daily flood control and emergency. How to use artificial intelligence technology to quickly predict urban flooding is a key concern and a problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, this paper combines a numerical model with good computational accuracy and an LSTM artificial neural network model with high computational efficiency to propose a new method for fast prediction of urban flooding risk. The method uses the simulation results of the numerical model of urban flooding as the data driver to construct the LSTM neural network prediction model of each waterlogging point. The results show that the method has a high prediction accuracy and fast calculation speed, which can meet the needs of daily flood control and emergency response, and provides a new idea for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the direction of flood prevention and mitigation.
Effects of Music-Based Interventions on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Ko Bumsuk
Published: January 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined previous studies on music-based interventions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The effectiveness of the interventions on various motor and non-motor outcomes was evaluated. This review was conducted by searching PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL prior to June 2022 for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled clinical trial (CCT) studies published in English. Data were expressed as weighted/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). I2 index was used for heterogeneity. The initial search identified 745 studies, and 13 studies involving 417 participants with PD which met the inclusion criteria included in this review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that music-based interventions can significantly improve walking velocity (MD = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.07~0.16, p < 0.00001), stride length (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02~0.07, p = 0.002), and mobility (MD = −1.05, 95% CI = −1.53~−0.57, p < 0.0001). However, the results did not support significant effects for music-based interventions on cadence (MD = 3.21, 95% CI = −4.15~10.57, p = 0.39), cognitive flexibility (MD = 20.91, 95% CI = −10.62~52.44, p = 0.19), inhibition (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.40~0.55, p = 0.76), and quality of life (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI= −1.68~0.32, p = 0.18). The findings suggest that music-based interventions are effective for the improvement of some motor symptoms, but evidence for non-motor symptoms is limited. Further high-quality studies with a larger sample size are required to obtain the robust effects of music-based interventions on various outcomes among patients with PD.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of and Experiences with Classroom Physical Activity
Authors: Bigelow Hannah , Fenesi Barbara
Published: January 2023

Physical inactivity is one of the most modifiable factors linked to childhood obesity. Several Canadian provinces adopted daily physical activity (DPA) policies to promote physical activity during the school day. In Ontario, only 23% of in-service teachers meet DPA mandates. Promoting DPA implementation must occur at the pre-service level to foster self-efficacy and create long-term teaching habits. This study surveyed 155 pre-service teachers from an Ontario university to determine key perceptions and practices that should be targeted during their educational training to improve DPA fidelity. Findings revealed that over 96% of pre-service teachers viewed physical activity as beneficial for their own and their students mental and physical health, and as much as 33% received no education or training related to DPA. Pre-service teachers valued DPA more if they had opportunities to learn about and observe DPA during school placements. Pre-service teachers were more confident implementing DPA if they were more physically active, viewed themselves as more athletic, and had more positive physical education experiences. This work brings to the forefront important factors that could contribute to DPA implementation among in-service teachers and highlights target areas at the pre-service level for improved fidelity.
Parenting Practices and Adolescents’ Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Perceived Maternal and Paternal Acceptance-Rejection and Adolescents’ Self-Efficacy
Authors: Wu Shin Ling , Woo Pei Jun , Yap Chin Choo , Lim Glen Johan Ri Young
Published: January 2023

Parenting practices are essential in promoting children’s mental health, especially in effective and ineffective parenting. The use of ineffective parenting practices is no longer encouraged in the west; however, it remains a common practice among Asian households. Ineffective parenting consists of inconsistent discipline, corporal punishment, and poor monitoring which may result in mental health consequences. Thus, this study assessed the mediating effects of adolescents’ self-efficacy and parental acceptance-rejection on the relationship between ineffective parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health. The current study involved a total of 761 school-going Malaysian adolescents aged 13–18 (38.5% males; Mage = 15.65; SDage = 1.43). This study utilized a cross-sectional design where it measured adolescents’ mental health, ineffective parenting practices, parental acceptance-rejection, and adolescents’ self-efficacy. Both paternal and maternal parenting practices and acceptance-rejection were measured independently. Adolescents’ self-efficacy and perceived paternal and maternal acceptance-rejection were found to be significant mediators for ineffective parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health. Our findings suggest that ineffective parenting practices will result in perceived parental rejection and lower self-efficacy which in turn resulted in poorer mental health among adolescents. It means parents should be mindful of their parenting approaches as they have a direct and indirect impact on the mental health of their offspring.
What Concept of Manual Therapy Is More Effective to Improve Health Status in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome? A Study Protocol with Preliminary Results
Authors: Audoux Carine Romane , Estrada-Barranco Cecilia , Martínez-Pozas Oliver , Gozalo-Pascual Rodrigo , Montaño-Ocaña Juan , García-Jiménez David , Vicente de Frutos Gonzalo , Cabezas-Yagüe Elena , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is defined as a chronic syndrome characterized by diffuse musculoskeletal pain, associated with characteristic signs and symptoms such as fatigue and/or sleep and mood disorders, and whose etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis may or may not be known. There is growing evidence of manual therapy as a treatment for pain in the short and medium term, also in patients affected by FM. However, the heterogeneity of the manual therapy treatments administered are a very common clinical practice, as they are based more on the judgment or tendency of the physiotherapist, rather than on clear scientific evidence. Therefore, the aim of the present study protocol will be to determine which manual therapy approach is more effective in addressing health status by improving symptoms (sensory, cognitive, emotional and social) in patients with FM. Methods: a randomized controlled clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up will be carried out with 52 female patients affected by rheumatologist-diagnosed FM will be recruited and evaluated at the Asociación de Fibromialgia y Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica (AFINSYFACRO) in Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. For more details on the protocol, a pilot study was carried out using a non-probability method of judgmental or purposive sampling. Thirteen patients were also evaluated, treated and reevaluated; eight patients were assigned to the myofascial techniques approach (MTA) group and five to the Maitland’s mobilization approach (MMA) group. Results: the preliminary results presented here are intended to show how the planned randomized controlled clinical trial will develop. Patients who received MTA had significantly improved pain and health status outcomes after treatment and at 1-month follow-up, with no significant change in those who received MMA. Conclusions: the exact details of the study protocol on which the manual therapy approach is more effective in addressing health status by improving symptoms (sensory, cognitive, emotional, and social) in patients with FM are presented. Preliminary results show that manual therapy is effective in improving pain and health status in patients with fibromyalgia at short and medium term, with significant results in those who received MTA.
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms, Frailty and Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lomper Katarzyna , Ross Catherine , Uchmanowicz Izabella
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AF) can significantly affect functioning in daily life and reduce patients’ quality of life (QoL). The severity and type of AF symptoms affects not only patient’s QoL, but can be a cause of the development of emotional and psychological disorders. In addition, frailty syndrome (FS) plays important role from the point of view of developing disability and dependence on others, as well as reducing QoL. Aim: To assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression, to evaluate the co-occurrence of frailty syndrome and the impact of these factors on the quality of life of patients with AF. Methods: The study used a Polish adaptation of the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia part III (ASTA part III), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Analysis showed that anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms correlate significantly (p < 0.05) and positively with the physical (r = 0.24; p < 0.001, r = 0.29, p = 0.002, respectively), psychological (r = 0.34, p < 0.001, r = 0.49 p < 0.001, respectively) and total quality of life (r = 0.31, p = 0.001, r = 0.414; p < 0.001, respectively) ASTA III domains. A significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation was observed between the TFI total score and the physical (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), psychological (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and overall quality of life (r = 0.38, p < 0.001) in ASTA III domains. Conclusions: Both FS and depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly affect QoL. Understanding the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms, FS and QoL may allow for a more targeted approach to the treatment and care of patients with AF.