bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Modelling and Link Element Analysis for Load Behaviour in Elastomeric Bearings: An Approach to Satisfy Design Check
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Singh Dr. Raghvendra
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The focus of this study is on the finite element modelling (FEM) and link element analysis of elastomeric bearings to evaluate load behaviour and ensure compliance with design standards. A detailed FEM was developed, incorporating material properties and boundary conditions to simulate the load transfer mechanisms that were provided through link element analysis. The results were validated against design codes and input data from analysis software data, confirming the model’s accuracy. A reliable method for optimizing elastomeric bearing design, improving structural safety, and satisfying critical design checks has presented. Total 10 Models taken with its variations and design checks applied over the same with the conclusion of whether it would be suitable or not aiming to improve design practices and address the challenges of modern bridge engineering.
Actualización de la guía colombiana de práctica clínica sobre enfermedad renal diabética
Authors: Yama Mosquera Erica , Montejo Hernández Juan Diego , Chacón Acevedo Kelly Rocío , Daza Rodrigo , De la Espriella-Badel Víctor , Machacón Miranda Elkin , Henao Carlos Mario , Guevara Juan Guillermo , Parra Serrano Paola Andrea , Lopera Vargas John Mauricio , Pertuz Adolfo , López Garcés José Gabriel , Rozo Agudelo Nicolás , Cárdenas Juan Guillermo , López López Erika , Rico-Fontalvo Jorge
Published: November 2024

Contexto: la diabetes es una de las enfermedades más estudiadas y persisten complicaciones microvasculares, como la afectación renal. En la última década, nuevas terapias como inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (iSGLT2), agonistas del péptido similar al glucagón-1 (ArGLP1) y antagonistas de receptores mineralocorticoides no esteroideos (ARMns) han mostrado beneficios renales y cardiovasculares, consolidando recomendaciones más seguras.
Objetivo: actualizar la Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) de enfermedad renal diabética (ERD) de 2021, destacando la importancia de la intervención multidisciplinaria y el manejo holístico.
Metodología: se replicó la metodología de 2021, en conformidad con el Ministerio de Salud de Colombia y el IETS. La evidencia se buscó de fuentes entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2023, siendo evaluada con AGREE II. Las recomendaciones fueron analizadas para asegurar vigencia y adecuación en el contexto colombiano. Se integró la perspectiva del paciente mediante cuestionarios a 7 personas con ERD.
Resultados: se respondieron siete preguntas clínicas clave, utilizando las guías ADA, KDIGO, EASC 2023 y la guía paraguaya de ERD. Las recomendaciones destacan los beneficios de las nuevas terapias y la importancia del manejo integral. El análisis cualitativo reveló preocupaciones de los pacientes sobre la ERD, las intervenciones y el acceso a tratamientos.
Conclusiones: esta guía refina las intervenciones en ERD y subraya la relevancia de incluir la perspectiva del paciente, resaltando la necesidad de mejorar la implementación del documento para un manejo efectivo de la ERD.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Peel Off Mask
Authors: Lokhande Shreya , Mankar Shraddha , Satpute Achal , Jadhao Monika
Published: November 2024

When applied across the skin's mucous membrane, skin care products including gel, lotion, ointment, cream, peel-off masks, etc., are meant to have a localised effect. A peel-off mask is a type of dosage form that is gently placed to the face and taken off after a short while. It is said to tighten, moisturise, and eliminate tan lines from the skin in addition to treating common skin problems. We are now preparing the recipe for a Tulsi peel-off face mask. Tulsi extract lessens acne, evens out skin tone, and slows down the ageing process of the skin. As excipients, the formulation includes glycerol, citric acid, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) etc. Numerous formulations were examined for peeling time, spreadability, pH, and stability studies, among other attributes. When evaluated for the parameters, the formulation is found to be within the designated range.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Nanofibers Containing Antifungal Drug using Electrospining Technique for the Treatment of Oral Candidacies
Authors: Mirgane Aboli A. , Borkar Smita P , Shinde Snehal M , More Priti U
Published: November 2024

Oral Candidiasis is common disease caused due to overgrowth of Candida albicans. To treat this type of infection different dosage forms are marketed. The purpose behind this research is to provide knowledge about nanofibers as a novel drug delivery for the treatment of oral candidiasis. For the formulation of nanofibers electrospinning technique was used. To determine the effectiveness of nanofiber drug delivery evaluation was done.
Preparation of flutrimazole micro sponge gel by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method
Authors: Tyagi Gajendra , Choudhary Suresh
Published: November 2024

Microsponge containing Flutrimazole drug with six different proportions of Eudragit RS  100 as polymer were obtained successfully using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Particle size and physical properties of the formulations were examined. Physical properties showed that microsponge formulations MS IV and MS VI exhibited better material efficiency and  yield. Two microsponge formulations were prepared as gels in 0.35% w/w carbomer and examined for pH, viscosity, permeability, drug content, in vitro release, antibacterial activity, and in vivo antifungal activity on Rabbit skin. The viscosity of the microsponge preparation gel MFG 1 is 4390 cps, the transmission is 19.27 g cm/s, and the drug content is 85.2%. Antibiotic research shows that compared with pure drug, the inhibition zone of microsponge formulation gels MFG 1 and MFG 2 is 13.5 mm and 12.0 mm, respectively, and the inhibition zone of pure drug is 18.2 mm. These formulations also showed better antifungal activity on fungal-induced Rabbit skin compared to the no-drug control. The microsponge flutrimazole gel formulation shows a favorable drug release profile and also minimizes gel application in fungal treatment.
Enhancing Diabetes Care: Strategies for Preventing Inpatient Hypoglycemia
Authors: Jacob Rosmin , Biju Blessy , Panayappan Dr. L. , Kumar Sharma Dr. Rajesh
Published: November 2024

Hypoglycemia, a common complication of diabetes treatments among hospitalized patients, poses significant risks, including increased morbidity, longer hospital stays, higher readmission rates, and greater financial burdens. In the hospital setting, hypoglycemia poses a significant challenge, impacting patient health and healthcare resources. This review dives deep into this issue, shedding light on the many factors contributing to hypoglycemia during hospital stays and its effects on patients. It emphasizes practical strategies for preventing hypoglycemia, such as patient education and the use of new technologies like continuous glucose monitoring. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role pharmacists play in managing hypoglycemia and improving patient care. By offering clear insights and actionable recommendations, this review aims to help healthcare providers better navigate the complexities of inpatient diabetes care for improved patient outcomes.
Spesolimab: A Novel Interleukin-36 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis
Authors: Edla David Raj , Pasupulati Haritha , SV Padi Satyanarayana
Published: November 2024

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition affecting multiple organs in the body (joints, cardiovascular, and central nervous system), especially the skin. Psoriasis is characterized by inflammation, epidermal hyperproliferation, and aberrant epidermal differentiation. One of the uncommon types of psoriasis is generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) which is uncommon and associated with increased severity and systemic complications. Early diagnosis is the crucial step in treating GPP to manage its life-threatening complications. Pathogenesis of GPP is still under research. The treatment of GPP aims for symptomatic relief, to remove skin lesions, and to provide supportive care. However, there are no specific guidelines or therapeutic options and it mostly depends on the clinician's opinion that often follows for plaque psoriasis. Accumulating data revealed that the interleukin-36 (IL-36) pathway plays a major role and signaling to favor the pro-inflammatory activity, which is critical in the pathogenesis of GPP, thus starting the maneuver of development of targeted biological therapies for the disease. This article reviews the role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of GPP and appraisals the evidence of safety, tolerability, potential,and superior efficacy of spesolimab, a novel IL-36 monoclonal antibody developed by Boehringer Ingelheim. It is recently approved for the treatment of GPP fares in adults in the US, the European Union, and Japan. Spesolimab is a first-in-class medication that changed a paradigm shift in the management of GPP based on evidence-based targeted biologic therapy and clinical success for this distinctive type of psoriasis disease.
Advancing Therapeutic Horizons: Niosomal Transdermal Drug Delivery for the Management of Lumpy Skin Disease
Authors: Kumar K.L. Senthil , Sindhu E. , Vasanthan A.
Published: November 2024

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) poses a significant threat to the global cattle population, impacting both animal welfare and economic stability in affected regions. Despite various control measures, the disease continues to challenge veterinary professionals. Hypothesis: Exploring the Potential of Niosomal Transdermal Drug Delivery for the Management of Lumpy Skin Disease seeks to examine the promising avenue of utilizing niosomal transdermal drug delivery systems for the treatment of LSD. This review critically analyzes the current understanding of LSD, explores the limitations of conventional treatment approachesand discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with niosomal transdermal drug delivery in combating this disease.
Drug Discovery and its Applications
Authors: Jadhav Suraj Suresh , Rohane Dr.S.H. , Redasani Dr.V.K.
Published: November 2024

The document provides a comprehensive overview of organic and inorganic chemistry, drug design and discovery, and medicinal chemistry. It defines organic and inorganic compounds, highlighting their structural differences and properties. Additionally, it outlines current good laboratory practices (GLP) and regulatory aspects associated with chemical research and development. In the realm of drug design and discovery, the document emphasizes the complex process involved, spanning identification, synthesis, validation, and optimization of potential drug candidates. Various techniques such as computer-aided drug design (CADD), molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters are discussed. The section on medicinal chemistry delves into the interdisciplinary nature of the field, combining aspects of organic chemistry, pharmacology, and biology. It explores the historical development of medicinal agents and the role of regulatory agencies in ensuring drug safety and efficacy. Overall, the document highlights the skills acquired, including the ability to differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds, knowledge of regulatory practices, proficiency in using chemical modelling tools for prediction, and understanding of drug design processes. It provides a holistic understanding of the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and regulatory considerations within these interconnected fields.
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections – A Guide to Assessment and Management Strategies
Authors: Tanwar Priyanka , Mamta Naagar  , Manish Kumar Maity
Published: November 2024

One of the most frequent diseases that patients in healthcare institutions get is a urinary tract infection linked to the use of an indwelling urine catheter. The length of catheterisation is a crucial factor in the development of bacteriuria, as biofilm eventually forms on all of these devices. Despite the low percentage of bacteriuric people who have symptoms, the high frequency of indwelling urinary catheter usage indicates that these infections are responsible for a significant burden of disease. About 20% of incidents of healthcare-acquired bacteremia in acute care facilities and more than 50% in long-term care facilities are caused by catheter-acquired urine infections. Limiting the use of indwelling catheters and, when required, stopping their use as soon as it is clinically practicable are the most effective ways to avoid bacteriuria and infection. Healthcare institutions' infection control systems must put methods in place and keep an eye on them in order to reduce catheter-acquired urinary infections. These tactics include monitoring catheter use, ensuring that indications are suitable, and keeping an eye out for problems. At the end, developing catheter materials that inhibit biofilm formation through technological advancements will be necessary to prevent these infections.
A Review on Alzheimer's Disease: Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, Management Strategies and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Priyanka Tanwar  , Mamta Naagar  , Manish Kumar Maity
Published: November 2024

One of the most debilitating brain ailments that affect older people is Alzheimer's disease. It is a condition that is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and rapidly becoming into a significant public health issue. Over the past ten years, there has been a consistent increase in the amount of work done to identify the disease's etiology and create pharmacological treatments. Improved clinical diagnostic standards and better behavioural and cognitive disturbance treatments are recent breakthroughs. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies assessing performance-based assessments of cognitive function, activities of daily living, and behaviour have clinically assessed symptomatic treatment, mostly focussing on cholinergic therapy. Galantamine, donepezil, tacrine, rivastigmine, and other cholinesterase inhibitors are among the medications that are advised for treating cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients. It is debatable and requires further research to determine the function of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and oestrogen replacement. Behavioural disturbances are treated with antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. The development of new classes of medications that target different neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, glutamatergic, etc.) for the treatment of behavioural disturbances and cognitive deficits, as well as the development of preventive measures like amyloid p-peptide immunisations and inhibitors of β-secretase and γ-secretase, are some of the future directions in research and treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Determination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide Simultaneously in Tablet Formulation Using UV Spectrophotometry Method with Mean Centering of Ratio Spectra
Authors: Rida Evalina Tarigan , Asti Eliani Siregar , Chemayanti Surbakti
Published: November 2024

This research aims to simultaneously determine Rifampicin(RI), Isoniazid(IN), andPyrazinamide(PZ) in tablet formulation using the UV spectrophotometry method with Mean Centering Of Ratio Spectra (MCR). The absorption spectra of RI (6-18 μg/mL), IN (5-15 μg/mL), and PZ (6-12 μg/mL) solutions were scanned within the 200-400 nm range. For RI determination, the RI spectra were divided by the IN spectrum at 10 μg/mL, and the resulting ratio spectra were mean-centered. For IN determination, the IN spectra were divided by the PZ spectrum at 9 μg/mL, and the ratio spectra were mean-centered. For PZ determination, the PZ spectra were divided by the RI spectrum at 12 μg/mL, and the ratio spectra were mean-centered.Method validation parameters were assessed, including linearity, accuracy, precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). The linearity values were 0.9997 for RI, 0.9990 for IN, and 0.9994 for PZ. Accuracy was 100.71% for RI, 100,40% for IN, and 100.31% for PZ. Precision was 0.14% for RI, 0.14% for IN, and 0.11% for PZ. The LOD values were 2.66μg/ml for RI, 1.30μg/ml for IN, and 1.40μg/ml for PZ. The LOQ values were 4.85μg/ml for RI, 3.94μg/ml for IN, and 4.24μg/ml for PZ. All parameters met the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) requirements.The MCR method effectively for the simultaneous determination of RI, IN, and PZ in the tablet formulation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Tablets for the Treatment of PCOD using Kanchnar and Shatavari
Authors: Kalam Sonali , Chaure Rupali , Dapke Poonam , Gorade Sandip , Kale Saurabh , Khore Tushar , Sanap Dr. Gajanan
Published: November 2024

Herbal tablets have been crucial in managing and preventing illnesses for centuries. Across cultures, herbs have advanced healthcare, leading to detailed herbal pharmacopeias. Integrating into mainstream healthcare, herbal tablets, especially Ayurvedic ones, are made from natural ingredients like Kanchanara and Shatavari, which are effective against Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD) by regulating cyst size and balancing hormones. Excipients in tablet formulations ensure correct dosage, integrity, and effective drug release. This underscores the growing importance of herbal medicine in modern healthcare. The meticulous selection of excipients, such as diluents, binders, disintegrants, and lubricants, is critical in the production of herbal tablets. Diluents add bulk to the tablet, binders ensure the tablet remains intact post-compression, disintegrants aid in the tablet's dissolution for effective drug release, and lubricants prevent sticking during manufacturing. Every excipient is selected based on its suitability and capacity to improve the tablet's characteristics, guaranteeing that the finished product is safe to eat and efficient. Moreover, the acceptability and widespread usage of herbal tablets demonstrate their potential to treat a variety of medical ailments. The ability of Shatavari and Kanchanara to treat PCOD, a condition marked by ovarian cysts and hormonal abnormalities, is evidence of the medicinal value of herbal medicine. Herbal pills are expected to become even more important in modern healthcare as research on the health benefits of various herbs continues, providing natural and holistic alternatives to traditional treatments.
Development of Silver Nanoparticles of Balanites Aegyptiaca Plant Extract for the Effective Treatment of Fungal Diseases
Authors: Prabhaker Nishant , Patel Ajay , Kumar Jain Umesh
Published: November 2024

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are an increasingly common complication in critically ill patients in world and are frequently fatal. Because of changes in treatment strategies and the increased use of antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of IFDs has changed substantially in recent years and infections due to Candida species are no longer the majority in many institutions. Invasive candidiasis (IC) can affect individuals with various underlying diseases hospitalized in different parts of hospitals. In recent decades, IC has caused 27–55% mortality in general population. Treatment of invasive fungal infections is challenging   as   the   number   of existing antifungals is limited and more problems include: toxicity, drug interactions, and drug resistance. Hence there is need to acknowledge alternative remedies for fungal treatment. Plants are not only important to the millions of people to whom traditional medicine serves as the only opportunity for health care and to those who use plants for various purposes in their daily lives, but also as a source of new pharmaceuticals. The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against various pathogens is now being well recognized in the agriculture and health sector.
In-Silico Design of Thiadiazole Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: V Vani , Nafiya Fathimathul , A Harshad , M M Mahima Krishnan , N Naisam , Saji Sneha
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the in-silico design and molecular docking of thiadiazole and its derivatives to evaluate their potential as anticonvulsant agents.Thiadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds known for their diverse biological activities, including anticonvulsant properties.The molecular structures were subjected to various in-silico screening methods to predict their drug-like properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess the binding affinity and interactions of the designed compounds with key targets associated with anticonvulsant activity, particularly the voltage-gated sodium channels and GABA receptors.The docking results revealed that several thiadiazole derivatives exhibited strong binding affinities towards the targeted proteins, with favourable binding energies and significant interactions at the active sites.
Systematic Overview on Nanosponges
Authors: Ahire Umesh R. , Dr Prashant S. Malpure  , Talele Dr Gokul S. , Kolpe Snehal S.
Published: November 2024

Nano sponges are the most recent advancements in nanotechnology. The original goal of nanosponge delivery technology was to deliver topical medications. Water soluble and bioerodible polymers can now be used to administer medications orally. Nano sponges are permeable structures with a diameter of less than 1m, comparable to viruses in size. Because of their small size and porous nature, nanosponges can bind to poorly soluble medicines and increase their bioavailability. These nanosponges can bind to specific target sites and travel throughout the body. Begin the controlled release of the drug at the intended site. For the fabrication of nanosponges, numerous methods have been reported, including the melt method, solvent diffusion method, solvent method, ultrasound assisted approach, and sonication. Nanosponges for targeted medication delivery. A particular kind of nanoparticle is a nanosponge, which is often a synthetic polymer containing carbon. Because of its porous nature, which has pores ranging in size from 1-2 nanometers, they can be used to absorb trace amounts of material or toxins. In medicine, nanosponges are frequently employed as targeted drug delivery vehicles, detoxifying techniques, or post-injury damage management measures. They can also be employed in environmental applications, such as water purification or metal deposit removal, to improve ecosystems. Because of their microscopic size, they can move swiftly through liquids like blood or water, effectively locating and eliminating undesirable material. In order to increase their effectiveness when injected into the body, natural elements are frequently added to synthetically made nanosponges. The best are nanosponges. The prefix Nano implies that items of this size are measured on a scale of meters.
Nanoparticles Preparation by Flash Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Patil Yashodeep B. , Talele Dr Gokul S. , Malpure Dr Prashant S. , Deshmukh Dhanshri H.
Published: November 2024

Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a widely used technique for preparing particulate carriers based on various polymers that has been shown to be a promising technology for the industrial production of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The use of amphiphilic block copolymers as a stabilizer to protect the nanoparticles from aggregation makes flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) an ideal method for rapidly preparing nanosized drug particles with high drug-loading efficiency. Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a controlled antisolvent precipitation process that has been shown to be effective for producing drug nanoparticles with a defined mean particle size and narrow particle size distribution. However, the physical instability of the generated nanoparticles remains a significant barrier to the use of this technology in pharmaceutical formulation. This review discusses the use of FNP to create poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles using controllable mixing devices such as confined impinging jets mixers (CIJM), multi-inlet vortex mixers (MIVM), and a variety of other microfluidic mixer systems. The mechanisms and processes of drug nanoparticle formation by FNP are described in detail. Then, during the FNP process, the supersaturation level and mixing rate are controlled to tailor the ultrafine drug nanoparticles, as well as the influence of drugs, solvent, anti-solvent, and stabilizers. The control of supersaturation level and mixing rate during the FNP process to tailor ultrafine drug nanoparticles is discussed, as well as the influence of drugs, solvent, anti-solvent, stabilizers, and temperature on fabrication.
Chewable Tablets: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Swapnil Sandip Shingade  , Trushali A. Mandhare  , Pooja S. Kashid  , Otari Kishor
Published: November 2024

Tablets that can be chewed between the teeth must be broken before consumption. These tablets are provided to individuals who like swallowing and to youngsters who have difficulty swallowing. These tablets are designed to dissolve smoothly and quickly in the mouth, either with or without chewing. Typically, chewable tablets have a smooth texture when they dissolve, have a fruity flavour, and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste. Tablets that can be chewed between the teeth must be broken before consumption. These tablets are provided to individuals who like swallowing and to youngsters who have difficulty swallowing. These tablets are designed to dissolve smoothly and quickly in the mouth, either with or without chewing. Typically, chewable tablets have a smooth texture when they dissolve, have a fruity Flavour, and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste. Tablets that can be chewed between the teeth must be broken before consumption. These tablets are provided to individuals who like swallowing and to youngsters who have difficulty swallowing. These tablets are designed to dissolve smoothly and quickly in the mouth, either with or without chewing. Typically, chewable tablets have a smooth texture when they dissolve, have a fruity flavour, and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste.
Unraveling the Frontiers of Nanomedicine: Exploring Advancements and Envisioning the Future
Authors: Shivam Rongpi  , Islam Injamul , Ananta Choudhury  , Charlisar Teron
Published: November 2024

Nanomedicine is an emerging field at the junction of nanotechnology and medicine that provides high-order therapeutic solutions for different diseases. This review discusses the latest developments and future directions in nanomedicine applications in diverse areas of drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue regeneration.Nanoparticles are engineered at the nanoscale level and, hence, play a very significant role in targeted drug delivery, improving the efficacy of drugs with reduced side effects. This has resulted in recent developments that include the functionalization of nanoparticles that can attach precisely to specific cells or tissues and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for the controlled release of drugs depending upon environmental triggers.Nanoparticles also revolutionize medical imaging and diagnostics by acting as contrast reagents and sensitive and accurate imaging methods. In this context, SPIONs enhance magnetic resonance imaging, while gold nanoparticles improve optical imaging modalities due to their unique properties.NPs have been proven to be very useful for therapeutic applications, including cancer therapy, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. Moreover, liposomes and polymer-based nanoparticles can deliver target drugs, lowering systemic toxicity at the tumor site. MSNPs ferry growth factors for tissue repair or act as scaffolds for cell transplantation.Compared to all of the possible benefits of nanomedicine, ensuring the safety and nontoxicity of nanoparticles overwhelmingly comes first. Researchers are working on analyses of the long-term interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems and developing appropriate regulatory frameworks that will enable the safe and responsible use of these materials.The potential for nanomedicine to create opportunities in personalized medicine, combined therapies, and "smart" treatments is considerable. However, to come up with that kind of future vision, enormous challenges lie in the pathway forward—which especially includes regulatory approval and the creation of scalable pathways for manufacturing.
Current Trends in Alkaloid Research: From Natural Sources to Synthetic Pathways
Authors: Shreya Talreja  , Dr. Shashank Tiwari
Published: November 2024

Alkaloid is a large family of the diverse natural compounds that are provided with nitrogen atoms. Primarily derived from vegetation, these substances have a great many actions, opening up their applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. This review is a complete description of alkaloids; starting from the sorting, the biosynthesis, and pharmacological activities, it covers all the aspects. The epitome of their therapeutic uses, such as pain relievers, heart rate stimulants, antimalarial drugs, anticancer drugs, and antibiotics, will be made. The authors present recent frontiers on Biotechnological approaches, the new discovery of alkaloids and the development of environmentally friendly production techniques. This publication is ended with the statement that in the places of personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology, especially alkaloids are key players in creating more effective drugs to different diseases.
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections – A Guide To Assessment And Management Strategies
Authors: Priyanka Tanwar  , Mamta Naagar  , Manish Kumar Maity
Published: November 2024

One of the most frequent diseases that patients in healthcare institutions get is a urinary tract infection linked to the use of an indwelling urine catheter. The length of catheterisation is a crucial factor in the development of bacteriuria, as biofilm eventually forms on all of these devices. Despite the low percentage of bacteriuric people who have symptoms, the high frequency of indwelling urinary catheter usage indicates that these infections are responsible for a significant burden of disease. About 20% of incidents of healthcare-acquired bacteremia in acute care facilities and more than 50% in long-term care facilities are caused by catheter-acquired urine infections. Limiting the use of indwelling catheters and, when required, stopping their use as soon as it is clinically practicable are the most effective ways to avoid bacteriuria and infection. Healthcare institutions' infection control systems must put methods in place and keep an eye on them in order to reduce catheter-acquired urinary infections. These tactics include monitoring catheter use, ensuring that indications are suitable, and keeping an eye out for problems. At the end, developing catheter materials that inhibit biofilm formation through technological advancements will be necessary to prevent these infections.
Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiasis Activity of Leucasaspera Byin Vitro Method
Authors: Chandrasekar Sabarinath  , Senthilkumar Gayathridevi  , Pachiappan Sudhakar  , Venkatesan Sariga  , Sekar Sneha  , Muthusamy Gayathiri
Published: November 2024

Objective: Urolithiasis is the accumulation or development of stone in any component of urinary system including kidney, ureters and urinary bladder. The aim of the current research is to perform anti- urolithiasis activity of ethanolic extract of leucas aspera can be evaluated in vitro by utilize the nucleation assay, aggregation assay, growth assay and titrimetric method.
Methods: The leaf of leucas aspera is subjected to ethanolic extract by cold maceration method. anti urolithiasis action can be evaluated in vitro by utilize the nucleation assay, aggregation assay, growth assay and titrimetric method.
Results: The result of this study shows that an ethanolic extract of leucas aspera leaf may have therapeutic benefits for reducing of kidney stone through in vitro models. The study findings of nucleation assay shows that the extract and cystone also reduced the size and number of caox crystals. the percentage reduction in size of caox crystals obtained for the extract (60.57%) was comparable to that produced by cystone (62.97%). in growth assay, the percentage of reduction in growth in the presence of this fraction was found to be 79±2.2% comparable to that of cystone 82.7±2.6% at 1000µg/ml was demonstrated.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that leucas aspera ethanolic extract has anti urolithiasis capability when used in in-vitro methods. Mostly all extracts showed marked crystal size reduction and morphological modifications, thus ethanolic extract of leaf part of leucas aspera could be further analyzed and further characterization of its active compound lead to the discovery of a new drug for urolithiasis.
Drug Discovery and its Applications
Authors: Quazi Saifuddin  , Saleem Khan
Published: November 2024

The document provides a comprehensive overview of organic and inorganic chemistry, drug design and discovery, and medicinal chemistry. It defines organic and inorganic compounds, highlighting their structural differences and properties. Additionally, it outlines current good laboratory practices (GLP) and regulatory aspects associated with chemical research and development. In the realm of drug design and discovery, the document emphasizes the complex process involved, spanning identification, synthesis, validation, and optimization of potential drug candidates. Various techniques such as computer-aided drug design (CADD), molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters are discussed. The section on medicinal chemistry delves into the interdisciplinary nature of the field, combining aspects of organic chemistry, pharmacology, and biology. It explores the historical development of medicinal agents and the role of regulatory agencies in ensuring drug safety and efficacy. Overall, the document highlights the skills acquired, including the ability to differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds, knowledge of regulatory practices, proficiency in using chemical modelling tools for prediction, and understanding of drug design processes. It provides a holistic understanding of the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and regulatory considerations within these interconnected fields.
TAÍ, EU FIZ TUDO PRA VOCÊ GOSTAR DE MIM:
Authors: Marques Maximiliano , Shaw Lisa
Published: November 2024

Este artigo focaliza a trajetória artística de Carmen Miranda e aborda a forma pela qual a artista construiu seu (auto)marketing por meio da figura da baiana estilizada, tendo sua imagem ligada a produtos diversos e reproduzida no Brasil e no exterior. Examina também como Miranda contribuiu para popularizar e fixar essa figura nos desfiles das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro, ressaltando diálogos e tensões entre a “tradição” das fantasias da baiana “autêntica” e a “modernidade” dos trajes da baiana “alegórica”. Por fim, argumenta que Carmen Miranda associou a figura da baiana estilizada à imagem tropical do carnaval brasileiro e estabeleceu uma escola estética nas apresentações das escolas de samba.
Editorial: Viewpoints on governance and regulation — Evolution in the making
Authors: Charamis Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

On behalf of the editorial team, I am pleased to present the fourth issue of volume 13 (2024) of the Journal of Governance and Regulation. The current issue features twenty scholarly articles investigating a diverse array of research topics, including corporate sustainability, regulatory environments, financial economics, logistics and price wars, the economic impact of COVID-19, green energy, institutional settings, and corruption.
The TGAFTIR-GC/MS characterizations of pyrolysis of polyurethane paint slags
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Zhaotianyi , Ahmad Muhammad , Hu Zhongfa , Deng Nan , Su Mingxing , Wang Xuebin
Published: November 2024

Hazardous paint waste from industrial production is an ever-growing concern
due to its toxicity and flammability effect. Currently, pyrolysis is one of
the promising technologies for paint waste disposal because of its ability
to minimize and disinfect waste together with energy recovery. In this
study, characterization of pyrolysis of polyurethane paint slags was
conducted using TGA-FTIR-GC/MS, and the evolved products were analyzed. The
effect of heating rate (10?C per minute, 20?C per minute, and 30?C per
minute) were assessed. The TGA results showed that two stages involved in
the pyrolysis of waterborne polyurethane paint slag. The first stage was
200~325?C, while the second stage involved the intense weight loss at
330~500?C. In addition, the thermal pyrolysis of oily poly-urethane
included four stages during the pyrolysis reaction. The first three stages
were 200~300?C, 300~435?C, and 435~640?C, respectively, which correspond
to the volatiles and the decomposition reaction of some organic matter. The
fourth stage was the pyrolysis of fixed carbon at 640~790?C. The increase
of heating rate can improve the pyrolysis intensity of two polyurethane
paint slags. The FTIR results showed that a large amount of CH4, CO2, CO,
H2O, alkanes, olefins, and aromatic compounds were emitted during the
pyrolysis of the two paint slags. The GC/MS results concluded that the
pyrolysis products of water-borne paint slag were mainly HC and O-compounds,
and the pyrolysis products of oily paint slag also included N-compounds.
This study provides a theoretical reference for the pyrolysis
characteristics and product properties of polyurethane paint slags.
Upper limb muscle strength and wheelchair-related abilities following an exoskeleton-assisted walking programme in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: An exploratory study
Authors: Bass Alec , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène , Vincent Claude , Duclos Cyril , Gagnon Dany H.
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To measure the potential effects of an overground exoskeleton-assisted walking programme on upper limb strength and mass, as well as on wheelchair propulsion performances and abilities in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.
Design: Prospective, single-group, pre–post intervention study.
Participants: Ten individuals with chronic (≥ 18 months) spinal cord injury who use a wheelchair as their primary mode of locomotion and who had little-to-no motor function in the lower limbs.
Methods: Individuals completed a progressive 16-week exoskeleton-assisted walking programme (34 × 1-h sessions, 1–3 sessions/week). Upper limb muscle strength was measured with dynamometers (isokinetic, Jamar). Upper limb lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) was used to calculate relative strength. Field tests (20-m wheelchair propulsion, and slalom test) and the Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire determined performances and abilities. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used with the following criteria: p < 0.1, effect size ≥ 0.5, and relative variation > 5%.
Results: Only natural velocity during the 20-m wheelchair propulsion test (i.e., fundamental wheelchair ability) changed following the intervention (p = 0.01, effect size = 0.82, relative variation = +14.5%).
Conclusion: Overall, upper limb muscle function did not significantly and meaningfully change following the exoskeleton-assisted walking programme in this population. Additional research is needed to verify how changes in training volume would affect strength and advanced wheelchair-related abilities and performance, as well as the response in individuals who are deconditioned or novices to wheelchair use (e.g., subacute spinal cord injury).
Exploring international classification of functioning, disability and health applicability for coding work-related disability: a study on depression and fibromyalgia in Swedish sick leave certificates
Authors: Fresk Magdalena , Grooten Wilhelmus J.A. , Brodin Nina , Backlund Lars G. , Arrelöv Britt , Skånér Ylva , Kiessling Anna
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study explores the effectiveness of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a coding framework to document work-related disability information in sick leave certificates, focusing on depression and fibromyalgia in Sweden.
Design: A qualitative ICF linking study was conducted, mapping information from 200 certificates per diagnosis to ICF.
Methods: ICF linking rules were followed strictly. The coverage of ICF and ICF Core Sets was evaluated, proposing additional ICF categories when relevant categories were not included. Saturation of ICF categories was considered achieved if no new categories appeared in the last 5 certificates.
Results: The study found high ICF coverage (85% for depression, 78% for fibromyalgia) in capturing work-related disability information. However, there was limited coverage in ICF Core Sets due to an excess of ICF categories in the Core Sets. Also, 2 additional relevant ICF categories for depression and 3 for fibromyalgia were identified.
Conclusion: This study confirms that the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is suitable for coding work-related disability in sick leave certificates. However, the identified limitations in ICF Core Sets highlights the need for context-specific subsets to enhance their relevance for depression and fibromyalgia in work-related disability.
Liderança e Comunicação sob o olhar da Fonoaudiologia
Authors: De Angelis Natália , Coser Laura Macedo , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto
Published: November 2024

Introdução: o presente estudo visa mapear e avaliar a produção registrada em dissertações e teses sobre a temática “liderança” e “comunicação”, a fim de identificar a contribuição da Fonoaudiologia, que tem como objeto de estudo a comunicação humana. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica brasileira defendida entre 2018-2022, considerando nível de produção, ano, rede de ensino, instituição de ensino superior (localização geográfica), tipo de pesquisa, ciclo de vida, descritor registrado (primeiro), local, temática, total da amostra pesquisada e áreas de conhecimento, para identificar as áreas que têm produzido sobre o tema. Método: revisão realizada na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, em 29 de março de 2023, considerando os termos “liderança” (campo assunto) e “comunicação” (todos os campos), pesquisados no período 2018-2022, segundo as variáveis anteriormente descritas. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: dentre 33 fontes registradas, 28-85% são dissertações, em média 7-20% produções por ano, sendo 2021 o mais produtivo. A Região Sudeste liderou a pesquisa (17-52%), representada pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas (10-30%) e o destaque foi de pesquisas observacionais (23-70%), com sujeitos adultos, sendo empresas os locais mais pesquisados (15-45%). O descritor “liderança” foi o mais utilizado (19-58%). A área de conhecimento (CNPq) que mais pesquisou foi Ciências Sociais Aplicadas (25-76%) através da subárea Administração (21-64%). Conclusão: embora as questões da comunicação humana pertençam à Fonoaudiologia, não foram encontradas produções na área, dado este que sugere esforços em pesquisas científicas e atuação profissional.
Utilização do International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) na avaliação de pacientes com disfagia orofaríngea
Authors: Silva Thais Oliveira da , Furkim Ana Maria , Haas Patrícia , Oliveira Diane de Lima
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A implementação do International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) é uma importante ferramenta para a padronização de texturas dos alimentos e líquidos para indivíduos com disfagia. Método: Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo identificar a utilização do IDDSI como padronização das texturas utilizadas na avaliação da deglutição, possibilitando compreender a relevância na prática clínica e na pesquisa. Realizou-se busca em janeiro/2024 nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Google Scholar. Resultados: Foram encontrados 560 artigos, excluídos 384 (duplicata) e 144 resumos devido aos critérios de inclusão. Foram selecionados para leitura completa 32 artigos e admitidos 23. Houve um aumento (700%) no número de publicações (2018-2023), com a participação de países como Brasil, EUA, China, Canadá. Foram analisados 14 estudos com adultos/idosos e um estudo em pediatria. Houve preferência por utilização de níveis 0 a 4, segurança da deglutição com níveis≥2, iniciativa sendo utilizada durante a avaliação, como marcador de evolução clínica e em recomendações dietéticas. Considerações finais: Observou-se o aumento de pesquisas com o IDDSI nas avaliações da deglutição e a diversidade de países utilizando a iniciativa. Foram poucos estudos em pediatria. Houve preferência por utilização de níveis líquidos, nem sempre relatado nível e volume. A metodologia do IDSSI para alcançar a textura adequada e reprodutível foi mais eficaz que a NDD. Mantém-se a necessidade de realizar estudos com populações e métodos homogêneos.
Caracterização dos atendimentos de emissões otoacústicas realizados em estágio de graduação hospitalar
Authors: Lopes Milene Valente , Arias Elizabeth Ana Bandeira , Ubrig Maysa Tibério
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Emissões Otoacústicas (EOA) é uma avaliação sensorial auditiva simples e rápida, tendo como principal aplicação clínica a triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN). Em 2012, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) elaborou as Diretrizes de Atenção da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, com o objetivo de oferecer orientações às equipes multiprofissionais para o cuidado da saúde auditiva na infância, em especial à TAN. Objetivo: Caracterizar os exames de EOA realizados nos neonatos, durante estágio de graduação hospitalar com relação às orientações gerais das diretrizes. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal, com itens tabulados dos exames realizados. A tabulação continha os seguintes dados: data e local da realização do teste e/ou reteste; data de nascimento, sexo e peso do bebê; idade da mãe; tipo de parto; idade gestacional; existência e tipo de indicadores de risco de deficiência auditiva (IRDA); resultados; encaminhamentos para reteste, para exame do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (Peate) e monitoramento auditivo. Resultados: Foram realizados 72 exames, 76,39% passaram e 23,71% falharam. Destas falhas, 58,82% passaram no reteste, 23,53% falharam e foram encaminhados ao Peate, 11,77% não compareceram ao reteste e 5,88% apresentaram IRDA sendo encaminhados direto para o Peate. Dos 16,67% de indicadores de risco encontrados, 50% foram por sífilis. Conclusão: O estudo concluiu que as atividades do estágio seguiram parcialmente as orientações das diretrizes do MS, contudo para o recém-nascido de risco, pela falta do equipamento Peate no serviço, foi realizado EOA como primeira testagem e encaminhamento para o potencial auditivo evocado em outra unidade de saúde.