bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Method of Based on the CEEMDAN-MVO-GRU
Authors: Jia Taorong , Yao Lixiao , Yang Guoqing , He Qi
Published: December 2022

Given that the power load data are stochastic and it is difficult to obtain accurate forecasting results by a single algorithm. In this study, a combined forecasting method for short-term power load was proposed based on the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Multiverse optimization algorithm (MVO), and the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) based on Rectified Adam (RAdam) optimizer. Firstly, the model uses the CEEMDAN algorithm to decompose the original electric load data into subsequences of different frequencies, and the dominant factors are extracted from the subsequences. Then, a GRU network based on the RAdam optimizer was built to perform the forecasting of the subsequences using the existing subsequences data and the associated influencing factors as the data set. Meanwhile, the parameters of the GRU network were optimized with the MVO optimization algorithm for the prediction problems of different subsequences. Finally, the prediction results of each subsequence were superimposed to obtain the final prediction results. The proposed combined prediction method was implemented in a case study of a substation in Weinan, China, and the prediction accuracy was compared with the traditional prediction method. The prediction accuracy index shows that the Root Mean Square Error of the prediction results of the proposed model is 80.18% lower than that of the traditional method, and the prediction accuracy error is controlled within 2%, indicating that the proposed model is better than the traditional method. This will have a favorable impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Innovative Rammed Earth Construction Approach to Sustainable Rural Development in Southwest China
Authors: Wan Li , Ng Edward , Liu Xiaoxue , Zhou Lai , Tian Fang , Chi Xinan
Published: December 2022

Raw earth is the main material used in traditional architecture in Southwest rural China because it is inexpensive, accessible and exhibits remarkable thermal performance. However, local residents stopped implementing traditional rammed earth building technology because of several limitations. An innovative rammed earth construction approach suitable for Southwest rural China has been developed by One University One Village (1U1V) Team. The “local material, local technology, local labour” principle and the “high-science-low-technology” strategy has been used to improve the safety, quality and dignity of the living environment without adding substantial environmental load (negative aspects of environmental impact). The Terra Centre has been built in Kunming as the working base to research, promote, train and knowledge transfer. This holistic strategy creatively mended the long-term environmental, economic, and social sustainable development of poor rural areas and contributed to the local endogenous development significantly. It also responds to multiple targets of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare and Social Services: Optimizing Resources and Promoting Sustainability
Authors: Sciarretta Eliseo , Mancini Riccardo , Greco Emilio
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (A.I.) provides the ability to interpret massive amounts of data, which many industries are already taking advantage of. This contribution aims to investigate the potential applications of A.I. in healthcare in order to understand how it can help optimize resources in a sector that risks becoming unsustainable due to high costs and lengthy care processes. Because A.I. development is constantly evolving, the authors examined the relevant literature, focusing on the last decade to highlight the significant advances made during this time period. A scheme of uses based on the care phases is presented as a result of the analysis. This scheme, which is made up of 4 + 1 categories, can help frame and analyze potential uses. Before the conclusion, the last section of the contribution addresses the remaining challenges and discovers that there are at least three types of open issues that must be resolved before A.I. can be effectively used in healthcare, as well as other sectors. A.I may revolutionize the delivery of healthcare services, but this process must be guided because the technology does not appear to be sufficiently mature and solutions to several problems must be found.
Climate Policy and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Chinese Cities
Authors: Ni Lin , Li Lei , Zhang Xin , Wen Huwei
Published: December 2022

International investment is sensitive to environmental policies, and developing countries are worried about the withdrawal of foreign capital when adopting climate policies. This study treats the pilot policy of low-carbon cities as a quasi-experiment and uses urban panel data from 2006 to 2019 to investigate how climate policy affects foreign direct investment (FDI). Results show that climate policy has significantly reduced the FDI in Chinese cities but has promoted the quality of FDI. The regulatory pressure and innovation incentives brought about by climate policy change the quantity and quality of FDI in cities. Climate policy mainly reduces FDI in large cities and improves the quality of FDI in small cities. Moreover, the quality of FDI in capital outflow cities decreases, whereas that in capital inflow cities increases, thereby suggesting a potential transfer of FDI from large to small cities. In addition, the climate policy in innovative cities improves the quantity and quality of FDI but has a negative impact on FDI in non-innovative cities.
Innovation and Optimization Logic of Grassroots Digital Governance in China under Digital Empowerment and Digital Sustainability
Authors: Li Junjie , Zhan Guohui , Dai Xin , Qi Meng , Liu Bangfan
Published: December 2022

In the digital age, digital resources are naturally sustainable, and they have become the basic technologies and platforms by which to maintain the sustainable development of the social economy. At a time when global epidemic prevention and control are becoming increasingly dynamic, digital empowerment has become a basic tool by which to promote sustainable social and economic development. In terms of digital empowerment, grassroots digital empowerment has become the most critical and urgent link to strengthen. In this study, a literature analysis using CiteSpace and NVivo software shows that the research prospects of grassroots digital governance are broad, but there is a lack of communication and cooperation between the research subjects, and a cooperative network of close and benign interaction has not been formed. There are many hot topics in the research, mainly focusing on five aspects: digitalization, grassroots governance, digital governance, digital technology, and digital countryside. The theme of these papers is changing to digital empowerment, technology empowerment, and “digital intelligence governance”. These characteristics and problems correspond to the practice of digital governance at the grassroots level in China. Therefore, in the theory and practice of Chinese grassroots digital governance, we must adhere to the problem-oriented principle and take “problem-driven” as the basic logic of grassroots digital governance. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the complexity of China’s grassroots communities and the stages of governance technology, adhere to the principles of integrated development and collaborative innovation, and take “mixed governance” as the main logic of grassroots digital governance. Generally speaking, we should realize optimization in the innovation of grassroots digital governance from three aspects, namely, strengthening the integration of grassroots digital systems, improving the ability to solve the problems of digital governance, and advancing the transformation of grassroots digital governance with incremental governance logic.
A Demand Response Transaction Method for Integrated Energy Systems with a Trigonometric Membership Function-Based Uncertainty Model of Costumers’ Responsive Behaviors
Authors: Wu Zhuochao , Qian Weixing , Ji Zhenya
Published: December 2022

As an important regulation tool for power systems, demand response can greatly improve system flexibility and economy. However, when an integrated energy system with a large number of flexible loads is aggregated for a demand response transaction, the uncertainty in the amount of the load response should be considered. Therefore, a demand response transaction model for an integrated energy system that considers the uncertainty of customer demand responses is proposed in this paper. We first analyze the uncertainty of incentive-based demand responses. Next, we investigate the relationship between the incentive level and the fluctuation of customer response volume. The flexible loads are classified into curtailable loads, translatable loads, and replaceable loads. Fuzzy variables are then used to represent the response volume of users, and a trigonometric membership function is used to represent the degree of uncertainty in the response volume of different flexible loads. Finally, the objective functions and chance constraints containing fuzzy variables are converted into explicit equivalence classes for solving. In the case study, the impact of the uncertainty of the user response volume on the revenue of each transaction entity and the impact of the fuzzy chance constraint confidence level on the response revenue are investigated. The results show that the revenue of each transaction entity decreases to a certain extent under the consideration of the uncertainty of the user response volume; the social welfare of the whole transaction increases as the confidence level of the chance constraint changes from high to low.
Challenges and Strategies for Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastic Waste Management in Europe
Authors: Stasiškienė Žaneta , Barbir Jelena , Draudvilienė Lina , Chong Zhi Kai , Kuchta Kerstin , Voronova Viktoria , Leal Filho Walter
Published: December 2022

In recent years, an increasing trend towards replacement of conventional fossil-based plastics with bio-based plastics was noticed, i.e., production of plastics partly or fully made from biomass is rapidly expanding. Currently, bio-based and biodegradable plastics have a very small market size, approximately only 1% of all plastics produced. However, the forecast of the global bioplastics production capacities predicts an increase from approximately 2.417 million tonnes in 2021 to approximately 7.593 million tonnes in 2026, more than three times the current capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the challenges and identify the barriers for bio-based and biodegradable plastics for waste management and to evaluate the effectiveness of current plastic waste management strategies for the efficient waste management of bio-based and biodegradable plastics. The main barriers and motivators of the biodegradable and biodegradable plastics market that have been identified include macroeconomic factors, regulatory factors, technological factors, and social factors. The bio-based and biodegradable plastics have to be separately collected and treated under mostly controlled, regulated conditions. However, currently, there are no legal provisions providing for the separate collection of bio-based plastics, leading to their disposal with either hazardous waste, conventional plastics, or municipal waste. Since the effective plastic waste management strategy relates to good performance in each step of the waste management process, bio-based and biodegradable plastic waste management could, therefore, be based on an effective strategy for the management of plastic waste. However, there is a need for standardizing waste collection systems and creating a harmonized waste collection infrastructure, which would lead to effective sorting of bio-based plastic waste.
A Tourist’s Gaze on Local Tourism Governance: The Relationship among Local Tourism Governance and Brand Equity, Tourism Attachment for Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Kim Jeong-Joon , Lee Chul-Jin
Published: December 2022

Taking note of the role played by local tourism governance as viewed from the tourist’s gaze, this study examined the effects of local tourism governance on the awareness of local tourism brand equity and local tourism attachment as perceived by tourists. This study also attempted to identify the role and importance of externally-expressed local tourism governance. In total, 439 samples were collected from tourists who had recently experienced local tourism in South Korea; these samples were analyzed using SPSS. The implications derived from the results of the analysis are as follows. First, regarding the effects that the operation of local tourism governance have on brand equity, it was identified that the factors of partnership and institutionalization had significant positive effects on both brand images and brand awareness, where the effect of partnership was the strongest, and where participation only had a significant positive effect on the brand images. Second, regarding the relationship between the operation of local tourism governance and brand equity, it was found that, from the viewpoint of tourists, the governance support system negatively affects brand equity. Lastly, as has been shown in previous studies, both brand images and brand awareness—which are two core sub-factors of local tourism-brand equity—had significant effects on local tourism attachment; of them, brand awareness played a stronger role in the formation of local tourism attachment. Future studies should examine the functional role of local tourism governance based on field investigations at multiple destinations, checking the actual effects of local tourism governance while focusing on the associations between the role of local tourism governance and actually measurable indicators, such as revitalization of the local industrial economy, increases in income, performance in terms of attracting tourists, and improved satisfaction with local tourism.
The NFT Purchasing Process and the Challenges to Trust at Each Stage
Authors: Zarifis Alex , Castro Luis A.
Published: December 2022

The unique features of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) are becoming increasingly appealing as we spend more of our time online. This increased popularity is nevertheless not free of controversies, and there is a lack of clarity over the final form this digital asset will take. While there are some early adopters, the whole NFT ecosystem will have to be clarified for wider adoption, particularly the purchasing process. This research evaluates a model of the purchasing process of NFTs and the role of trust in this process. The validated model identified that the purchasing process of NFTs has four stages and each stage is affected by trust: (1) Trust in the cryptocurrency wallet, (2) trust in the cryptocurrency purchase, (3) trust in the NFT marketplace, and (4) trust in aftersales services.
Safety, Gender, and the Public Transport System in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Busco Carolina , González Felipe , Lillo Nelson
Published: December 2022

This research evaluated gender differences in the perception of safety in public transport in Santiago, Chile using quantitative and qualitative approaches. With data from the National Urban Citizen Security Survey 2019 (ENUSC), a gender comparison was made regarding the perception of safety in four scenarios: inside buses, inside the metro, at bus stops, and waiting for buses at night. Four ordinal logistic regression models were estimated to analyze how sociodemographic factors and variables associated with the perception of crime influence rider perceptions of safety in public transport. To complement the results, four focus groups were developed to obtain a deep understanding of the participants’ experiences with safety in the Santiago public transport system. We concluded that there is a high perception of insecurity in public transport for both men and women. In general, perceived insecurity inside buses, inside the metro, and waiting for public transport at night is greater among women, older people, and national citizens. Other influencing variables are the perception of insecurity regarding crime in general, the fear of being a victim of a crime, or negative situations that occur in the neighborhood, such as the presence of robberies, alcohol, and drug consumption. We proposed new variables such as fear of harassment, traffic accidents, discrimination, contagious diseases, and street protests among others. To carry out a precise public policy on this matter, a permanent scan on security issues in public transport should be developed, considering a complete set of variables. This result can be applied in Chile and all Latin American countries.
The Influence of Reverse Technology Spillover of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Green Total Factor Productivity in China’s Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Xiaohan , Jin Chenxin , Huang Qingbo
Published: December 2022

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is an important channel for China to obtain advanced technology spillover to promote green production upgrading. As a pillar of the national economy and also a large-scale pollution emission industry, can the manufacturing industry benefit from the reverse technology spillover of OFDI and improve its green total factor productivity (GTFP)? Based on the provincial data of China from 2005 to 2019, this paper analyzes the effect and moderating mechanism of reverse technology spillover of OFDI on domestic manufacturing GTFP theoretically and empirically. The results show that the reverse technology spillover of OFDI cannot significantly promote the growth of manufacturing GTFP in the sample period. The heterogeneity analysis further proves that the inhibition effect similar to that of the whole sample appears in the eastern region, but in the central and western regions, the reverse technology spillover of OFDI can significantly improve the manufacturing GTFP, and this positive effect in the central region is greater. Additionally, absorptive capacity characterized by human capital, economic development and financial development can actively adjust the impact of reverse technology spillover of OFDI on manufacturing GTFP, of which the positive moderating effect of financial development is the most significant.
Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Outflow from an Instream Constructed Wetland under Precipitation Variability
Authors: Sohoulande Clement D. D. , Szogi Ariel A. , Novak Jeffrey M. , Stone Kenneth C. , Martin Jerry H. , Watts Don W.
Published: December 2022

In many agricultural watersheds, surface runoff often causes unwanted nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from croplands into stream networks. When this phenomenon is pronounced, it significantly changes N and P concentrations in streams affecting aquatic ecosystems. To protect stream water quality, the installation of instream-constructed wetlands (ICWs) for treating runoff water is often reported as a low-cost alternative to conventional water treatment systems. Indeed, ICWs have the capacity to collect and temporarily retain nutrients transported from agricultural landscapes and then slowly release them into downstream networks. However, the long-term hydrologic behavior of ICWs relative to N and P outflow control is still insufficiently reported. Especially in the context of climate change, it is relevant to investigate the effect of precipitation variability on ICWs N and P outflow. This study uses the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model to approximate the long-term hydrologic behavior of an experimental ICW installed in a small agricultural watershed. The model was set assuming a continuous corn and soybean rotation on croplands, then a multidecadal (period 2001–2020) simulation was used to evaluate the implication of precipitation variability on total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-N (NO3-N), total P (TP), and dissolved P (DP) outflows. Results show meaningful changes in the precipitation pattern with contrasting effects on N and P outflows. While analyses show significant trends in the maximum monthly precipitation, nutrient outflows during two consecutive decades, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020, show increases of 46% for TN, and 82% for TP. At the watershed scale, month-to- month TN and TP outflows range from 24 to 810 kg N and 26 to 1358 kg P during 2011–2020, compared with 42 to 398 kg N and 40 to 566 kg P during 2001–2010. The increase in nutrient outflow is particularly pronounced for TP and DP which show significant trends and high correlations (r > 0.70) with maximum monthly precipitation. An exception is nitrate-N outflow, which counts on average for less than 5% of TN outflow but appears more affected by the timing of N fertilization in the watershed.
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in VSI-Fed PMSMs and a Novel Fault Recovery Method
Authors: Mahafzah Khaled A. , Obeidat Mohammad A. , Mansour Ayman M. , Al-Shetwi Ali Q. , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are widely used in fault diagnosis because they are superior in detection and prediction. The detection of faults in power systems containing electronic components is critical. The switch faults of the voltage source inverter (VSI) have a severe impact on the driving system. Short-circuit switches increase the thermal stress due to their fast and high stator currents. Additionally, open-circuit switches cause unstable motor operation. However, these issues are not sufficiently addressed or accurately predicted for VSI switch faults in the literature. Thus, this paper investigates the use of different AI classifiers for three-phase VSI fault diagnosis. Various AI methods are used, such as naïve Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and decision tree (DT) techniques. These methods are applied to a VSI-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) to detect the faults in the inverter switches. These methods use the drain–source voltage and PWM signals to decide whether the switch is healthy or unhealthy. In addition, they are compared in terms of their detection accuracy. In this regard, the comparative results show that the DT method has the highest accuracy as compared to other methods in the fault diagnosis process. Moreover, this paper proposes a novel and universal voltage compensation loop to compensate for the absence of the voltage portion due to the open switch fault. Thus, the driving system is assisted in operating under its normal operating conditions. The universal term is used because the proposed voltage compensation loop can be implemented in any type of inverter. To validate the results, the proposed system is implemented using two software programs, LTSPICE XVII-USA, WEKA 3.9-New Zealand.
The Impact of Sustainable Development on the Public Health System of the Elderly in the Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Li Huimin
Published: December 2022

In order to explore how to establish an effective public health and long-term health care system for the elderly in the Internet of Things environment, sustainable development of the public health system for the elderly in the Internet of Things environment was proposed. Through field research, the need of the elderly for home-based care can be divided into the following four categories: daily care, medical care, emergency care, and emotional care. Through the key technical problems and solutions of information recommendation represented by the Internet of Things, we explored the research on how to establish the elderly care system. Existing research shows that nearly 90% of the elderly chose their own home or their children’s to provide care for the elderly, while the proportion of rural elderly who chose family members to provide care for the elderly reaches 97%. However, as an important supplement to family support, the acceptance of institutional support in the public is not optimistic; among them, the overall proportion of the elderly who favored nursing homes as providers for elderly care in the future was less than 5%, and the willingness and attitude of the rural elderly regarding the institutional elderly care model were more disapproving, with only 1.44% of them recognized. Therefore, sustainable development in the Internet of Things environment is not only a key measure to effectively solve the mismatch between supply and demand of elderly care services, but also a favorable exploration for information technology to play an important role in the field of public services.
Contextualizing Visualizations of Digital Health Information among Young and Older Adults Based on Eye-Tracking
Authors: Liu Kaifeng , Su Pengbo , Wang Hailiang , Tao Da
Published: December 2022

Visualizations have been found to be a promising solution to aid individuals’ comprehension of digital health information. However, how visualizations can be better contextualized remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of visualizations of digital health information with various contextual cues and age on comprehension through eye-tracking techniques. A two-way mixed design was employed, with visualization (basic, color, color + text, and color + text + personalized statement) and age (young and older adults) as independent variables. Forty-one participants attended an experiment where they were asked to perform verbatim comprehension and value interpretation tasks in response to varied visualizations of digital health information. The results indicated that the four visualizations yielded comparable task completion time and accuracy. Older adults had longer task completion time and more errors compared with their counterparts. While eye movement measures were comparable across different visualizations, they were mostly affected by age and areas of interests. Different visualizations might attract different patterns of visual attention and yield varied effectiveness across age groups. Future research should focus on how to better visualize digital health information for older adults. Design practitioners should carefully consider how to attract patients’ visual attention to important information to improve comprehension.
Straw Bale Building as a Low-Tech Solution: A Case Study in Northern Poland
Authors: Pierzchalski Michał
Published: December 2022

There is a growing interest in low-tech technologies, drawing on the tradition of building with organic and unprocessed materials. One such technology is straw bale constructions. This paper presents an example of a timber-frame building in which straw bales were used as wall filling. The building is located in northern Poland and is a small, year-round single-family dwelling. Based on the available literature and experimental studies, it can be concluded that straw bale technology carries several potential threats related to the selected technology, quality of workmanship, and climatic conditions. The article describes the measurements of the air tightness of the building, the heat transfer coefficient U and the analysis of the humidity of straw walls. The study results confirm the risks related to the low air tightness of the building and the risk of water vapour condensation in the external partitions.
Strategies for Using ICT Skills in Educational Systems for Sustainable Youth Employability in South Africa
Authors: Alao Abiodun , Brink Roelien
Published: December 2022

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can play a significant role in the socioeconomic development of many countries. Digitisation in South Africa has increased, and ICT skills are pivotal in the sustainability of youth employability in the labour market. Hence, ICT skills, soft, hard, and technical skills are required in government, private organisations, and businesses. This study aims to investigate possible ways educational systems can adopt ICT skills to improve youth employability in South Africa. This study examines the factors that affect youth employability such as lack of ICT skills, access, income, affordability, infrastructure, poverty gap, inequality, lack of education, lack of access to information, and high demand for IT skills expectations in organisations as among the challenges that hinder youth employability in the South African economy. We propose that educational institutions should incorporate practical pedagogy to prepare qualified youths for the labour market. This study focuses on using ICTs for the sustainable development of youth employability in South Africa. The Sustainable Livelihood Theory was used as the study framework while the quantitative method was used for the data collection process. The researchers used close-ended and open-ended questions to draft a questionnaire to gather data from 49 respondents. We triangulated the received data from youths living in the East Rand of Johannesburg. Results derived from the study show the significance of ICT skills in educational systems on youth employability. The practical implication of the study recommends that policymakers implement ICT skill strategies to support educational institutions to prepare youths for the labour market.
Numerical Solutions of Volterra Integral Equations of Third Kind and Its Convergence Analysis
Authors: Bhat Imtiyaz Ahmad , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan
Published: December 2022

The current work suggests a method for the numerical solution of the third type of Volterra integral equations (VIEs), based on Lagrange polynomial, modified Lagrange polynomial, and barycentric Lagrange polynomial approximations. To do this, the interpolation of the unknown function is considered in terms of the above polynomials with unknown coefficients. By substituting this approximation into the considered equation, a system of linear algebraic equations is obtained. Then, we demonstrate the method’s convergence and error estimations. The proposed approaches retain the possible singularity of the solution. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the singularity case has not been addressed by researchers yet. To illustrate the applicability, effectiveness, and correctness of new methods for the proposed integral equation, examples with both types of kernels, symmetric as well as non-symmetric, are provided at the end.
Analytical Approaches for Approximate Solution of the Time-Fractional Coupled Schrödinger–KdV Equation
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Yasmin Humaira , Shah Nehad Ali , Kafle Jeevan , Nonlaopon Kamsing
Published: December 2022

In this article, we use the homotopy perturbation method and the Adomian decomposition method with the Yang transformation to discover analytical solution to the time-fractional coupled Schrödinger–KdV equation. In the Caputo sense, fractional derivatives are described. A convergent series is used to calculate the solutions of fractional PDEs. Analytical results achieved applying the homotopy perturbation and decomposition techniques are numerically calculated and represented in the form of tables and figures. The simplicity, efficacy, and high degree of accuracy of the used method are then demonstrated by comparing these solutions to the actual solutions and the results. Finally, the applied approaches are the most popular and convergent methods for solving nonlinear fractional-order partial deferential problems.
Analysis of Malignant Expansion of Plastic Zone of Surrounding Rocks in High Ground Temperature Hydraulic Tunnels and the Mechanical Characteristics of the Support Structure
Authors: Jiang Haibo , Huang Yuhang , Shi Kebin , Xiang Pengfei , Wei Gang
Published: December 2022

To explore the development process of the plastic zone of hydraulic tunnels and the mechanical characteristics of the support structure in a high ground temperature environment during construction period, methods, including theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, field monitoring test, etc., are used to analyze the generation and formation process of the plastic zone of surrounding rocks in the hydraulic tunnel under high ground temperature environment. The evolution law of mechanical characteristics of the support structure in surrounding rocks is studied. The development process and shape of the plastic zone in the tunnel under various high ground temperatures are simulated. The results show that after the excavation of the high ground temperature hydraulic tunnel, the plastic zone first appears at the arch waist in a crescent pattern, then extends to both sides and the spandrel, and connects with the plastic zone in the arch crown, forming a pattern of circle or butterfly. A higher initial temperature of the surrounding rock indicates a larger range and plastic strain of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock. At the same time, the plastic zone is easier to appear at the spandrel and arch foot and develop to the depth of the surrounding rock. The higher is the initial temperature of the surrounding rock, the greater will be the axial force and bending moment of supported shotcrete, the more obviously the bending moment of arch abutment and arch foot will grow, the greater will be the axial force value of the bolt and the farther the neutral point will be from the tunnel wall. While strengthening the arch waist, the support of the arch shoulder and arch foot should also be strengthened at a high temperature.
Movie Reviews Classification through Facial Image Recognition and Emotion Detection Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Mazhar Tehseen , Malik Muhammad Amir , Nadeem Muhammad Asgher , Mohsan Syed Agha Hassnain , Haq Inayatul , Karim Faten Khalid , Mostafa Samih M.
Published: December 2022

The critical component of HCI is face recognition technology. Emotional computing heavily relies on the identification of facial emotions. Applications for emotion-driven face animation and dynamic assessment are numerous (FER). Universities have started to support real-world face expression recognition research as a result. Short video clips are continually uploaded and shared online, building up a library of videos on various topics. The enormous amount of movie data appeals to system engineers and researchers of autonomous emotion mining and sentiment analysis. The main idea is that categorizing things may be done by looking at how individuals feel about specific issues. People might choose to have a basic or complex facial appearance. People worldwide continually express their feelings through their faces, whether they are happy, sad, or uncertain. An online user can visually express themselves through a video’s editing, music, and subtitles. Additionally, before the video data can be used, noise in the data must frequently be eliminated. Automatically figuring out how someone feels in a video is a challenging task that will only get harder over time. Therefore, this paper aims to show how facial recognition video analysis can be used to show how sentiment analysis can help with business growth and essential decision-making. To determine how people are affected by reviewers’ writing, we use a technique for deciding emotions in this analysis. The feelings in movies are assessed using machine learning algorithms to categorize them. A lightweight machine learning algorithm is proposed to help in Aspect-oriented emotion classification for movie reviews. Moreover, to analyze real and published datasets, experimental results are compared with different Machine Learning algorithms, i.e., Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and CNN. The proposed approach obtained 84.72 accuracy and 79.24 sensitivity. Furthermore, the method has a specificity of 90.64 and a precision of 90.2. Thus, the proposed method significantly increases the accuracy and sensitivity of the emotion detection system from facial feature recognition. Our proposed algorithm has shown contribution to detect datasets of different emotions with symmetric characteristics and symmetrically-designed facial image recognition tasks.
Some New Time and Cost Efficient Quadrature Formulas to Compute Integrals Using Derivatives with Error Analysis
Authors: Mahesar Sara , Shaikh Muhammad Mujtaba , Chandio Muhammad Saleem , Shaikh Abdul Wasim
Published: December 2022

In this research, some new and efficient quadrature rules are proposed involving the combination of function and its first derivative evaluations at equally spaced data points with the main focus on their computational efficiency in terms of cost and time usage. The methods are theoretically derived, and theorems on the order of accuracy, degree of precision and error terms are proved. The proposed methods are semi-open-type rules with derivatives. The order of accuracy and degree of precision of the proposed methods are higher than the classical rules for which a systematic and symmetrical ascendancy has been proved. Various numerical tests are performed to compare the performance of the proposed methods with the existing methods in terms of accuracy, precision, leading local and global truncation errors, numerical convergence rates and computational cost with average CPU usage. In addition to the classical semi-open rules, the proposed methods have also been compared with some Gauss–Legendre methods for performance evaluation on various integrals involving some oscillatory, periodic and integrals with derivative singularities. The analysis of the results proves that the devised techniques are more efficient than the classical semi-open Newton–Cotes rules from theoretical and numerical perspectives because of promisingly reduced functional cost and lesser execution times. The proposed methods compete well with the spectral Gauss–Legendre rules, and in some cases outperform. Symmetric error distributions have been observed in regular cases of integrands, whereas asymmetrical behavior is evidenced in oscillatory and highly nonlinear cases.
Controllability of Impulsive Neutral Fractional Stochastic Systems
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Nadeem Muhammad , Akgül Ali , De la Sen Manuel
Published: December 2022

The study of dynamic systems appears in various aspects of dynamical structures such as decomposition, decoupling, observability, and controllability. In the present research, we study the controllability of fractional stochastic systems (FSF) and examine the Poisson jumps in finite dimensional space where the fractional impulsive neutral stochastic system is controllable. Sufficient conditions are demonstrated with the aid of fixed point theory. The Mittag-Leffler (ML) matrix function defines the controllability of the Grammian matrix (GM). The relation to symmetry is clear since the controllability Grammian is a hermitian matrix (since the integrand in its definition is hermitian) and this is the complex version of a symmetric matrix. In fact, such a Grammian becomes a symmetric matrix in the specific scenario where the controllability Grammian is a real matrix. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the present theory.
Relation-Theoretic Fixed Point Theorems Involving Certain Auxiliary Functions with Applications
Authors: Altaweel Nifeen Hussain , Khan Faizan Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This article includes some fixed point results for (φ,ψ,θ)-contractions in the context of metric space endowed with a locally H-transitive relation. We constructed an example for attesting to the credibility of our results. We also discussed the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a Fredholm integral equation using our results.
The Capture and Transformation of Carbon Dioxide in Concrete: A Review
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Li Xiaolin , Liu Rui
Published: December 2022

Concrete is one of the most commonly used engineering materials in the world. Carbonation of cement-based materials balances the CO2 emissions from the cement industry, which means that carbon neutrality in the cement industry can be achieved by the carbon sequestration ability of cement-based materials. Carbon dioxide is a symmetrical molecule and is difficult to separate. This work introduces the important significance of CO2 absorption by using cement-based materials, and summarizes the basic characteristics of carbonation of concrete, including the affected factors, mathematical modeling carbonization, and the method for detecting carbonation. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, it mainly goes through carbon capture and carbon storage. As the first stage of carbon sequestration, carbon capture is the premise of carbon sequestration and determines the maximum amount of carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration with carbonization reaction as the main way has been studied a lot, but there is little attention to carbon capture performance. As an effective way to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of cement-based materials, increasing the total amount of carbon sequestration can become a considerably important research direction.
Numerical Modeling of Pollutant Transport: Results and Optimal Parameters
Authors: Jejeniwa Olaoluwa Ayodeji , Gidey Hagos Hailu , Appadu Appanah Rao
Published: December 2022

In this work, we used three finite difference schemes to solve 1D and 2D convective diffusion equations. The three methods are the Kowalic–Murty scheme, Lax–Wendroff scheme, and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme. We considered a total of four numerical experiments; in all of these cases, the initial conditions consisted of symmetrical profiles. We looked at cases when the advection velocity was much greater than the diffusion of the coefficient and cases when the coefficient of diffusion was much greater than the advection velocity. The dispersion analysis of the three methods was studied for one of the cases and the optimal value of the time step size k, minimizing the dispersion error at a given value of the spatial step size. From our findings, we conclude that Lax–Wendroff is the most efficient scheme for all four cases. We also show that the optimal value of k computed by minimizing the dispersion error at a given value of a spacial step size gave the lowest l2 and l∞ errors.
Research on the Effect of Road Height Profile on Fuel Consumption during Vehicle Acceleration
Authors: Hanzl Jiří , Pečman Jan , Bartuška Ladislav , Stopka Ondrej , Šarkan Branislav
Published: December 2022

The presented article deals with research on the dependence between road vehicle fuel consumption and the longitudinal height profile of the road. The main research goal is to investigate the difference in fuel consumption during acceleration on different longitudinal profiles of the road (i.e., flat surface, downhill) based on the actual investigation. In the first part of the article, important factors influencing fuel consumption during vehicle acceleration are summarized and a review of literature dealing with this issue is carried out. The next part focuses on the very real-world measurement. In addition to fuel consumption, other parameters were recorded that could be detected by a professional measuring laboratory. In the final part of the article, all the recorded data are evaluated, compared with research question and an actual example is given. Based on the evaluation, it could be concluded that approx. 100 L of fuel can be saved in one week thanks to the implemented measures. Thereafter, recommended possibilities for further use of these findings in technical practice are outlined in the conclusion.
Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhang Yunhui
Published: December 2022

Increasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disease burden attributable to PBDEs and PAEs in 2015. The results showed that PBDE and PAE concentrations were higher in coastal areas. The disease burden attributable to PBDEs was 0.77 million cases, and the economic costs were CNY 18.92 billion. Meanwhile, 3.02 million individuals suffered from diseases attributable to PAEs, and the economic costs were CNY 49.20 billion. The economic burden caused by PBDEs and PAEs accounted for 0.28% and 0.72% of China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015, respectively. When comparing China’s results from 2010, it was determined that the GDP ratio of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 (0.72%) was lower than in 2010 (1.42%). Finally, compared with the results of the European Union and North America, the GDP ratios of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 were 0.19% in Canada (lower than China), 0.29% in the United States (lower than China), and 1.44% in the European Union (higher than China). This study provides important reference values for China’s health governance, and further research should be conducted in the future.
Utilizing a Population-Genetic Framework to Test for Gene-Environment Interactions between Zebrafish Behavior and Chemical Exposure
Authors: Thunga Preethi , Truong Lisa , Rericha Yvonne , Du Jane , Morshead Mackenzie , Tanguay Robyn , Reif David
Published: December 2022

Individuals within genetically diverse populations display broad susceptibility differences upon chemical exposures. Understanding the role of gene-environment interactions (GxE) in differential susceptibility to an expanding exposome is key to protecting public health. However, a chemical’s potential to elicit GxE is often not considered during risk assessment. Previously, we’ve leveraged high-throughput zebrafish (Danio rerio) morphology screening data to reveal patterns of potential GxE effects. Here, using a population genetics framework, we apportioned variation in larval behavior and gene expression in three different PFHxA environments via mixed-effect modeling to assess significance of GxE term. We estimated the intraclass correlation (ICC) between full siblings from different families using one-way random-effects model. We found a significant GxE effect upon PFHxA exposure in larval behavior, and the ICC of behavioral responses in the PFHxA exposed population at the lower concentration was 43.7%, while that of the control population was 14.6%. Considering global gene expression data, a total of 3746 genes showed statistically significant GxE. By showing evidence that heritable genetics are directly affecting gene expression and behavioral susceptibility of individuals to PFHxA exposure, we demonstrate how standing genetic variation in a heterogeneous population such as ours can be leveraged to test for potential GxE.
New Insights into Lymphocystis Disease Virus Genome Diversity
Authors: Benkaroun Jessica , Bergmann Sven M. , Römer-Oberdörfer Angela , Demircan Menekse Didem , Tamer Cüneyt , Kachh Gayatri Rajendra , Weidmann Manfred
Published: December 2022

Lymphocystis disease viruses (LCDVs) are viruses that infect bony fish which has been found in different locations across the globe. Four virus species have been classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), despite remarkable discrepancies in genome size. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of LCDVs from wild fish from the North Sea and partial sequences from gilthead sea bream of an aquafarm located in the Aegean Sea in Turkey confirm that the LCDV1 genome at 100 kb is approximately half the size of the genomes of LCDV2-4. Since the fish species, of which LCDV1 was isolated, differ taxonomically at the order level, co-speciation can be excluded as the driver of the adaptation of the genome of this nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus, but may represent an adaptation to the lifestyle of this demersal fish in the northeast Atlantic.