bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Pengunjung Pasar Terhadap Pelaksanaan Protokol Kesehatan (5M)
Authors: Ramadhini Delfi
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus merupakan keluarga besar virus yang ditularkan secara zoonosis (antara hewan dan manusia) dan dapat menyebabkan gejala ringan hingga berat. Prevalensi kasus Covid-19 di Kota Padangsidimpuan yang sudah terkonfirmasi sebanyak 46 orang, yang sudah sembuh sebanyak 493 orang, dan  meninggal sebanyak 35 orang.  Salah usaha yang direkomendasikan oleh pemerintah dalam mencegah penyebaran infeksi ini ialah dengan melaksanakan protokol kesehatan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kepatuhan pengunjung pasar terhadap pelaksanaan pencegahan Covid-19 (5M) di Pasar Raya Sangkumpal Bonang Kota Padangsidimpuan tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah pengunjung Pasar Raya Sangkumpal Bonang Kota Padangsidimpuan dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 96 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan sarana prasarana (p-value= 0.070>0.05) dan pengawasan protokol kesehatan (p-value= 0.971>0.05) dengan tingkat kepatuhan pengunjung pasar terhadap pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan (5M) di Pasar Raya Sangkumpal Bonang Padangsidimpuan, serta ada hubungan antara pengetahuan terkait Covid-19 dengan tingkat kepatuhan pengunjung pasar terhadap pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan (5M) di Pasar Raya Sangkumpal Bonang Padangsidimpuan dengan p-value = 0.002 < 0.05. Disarankan kepada masyarakat hendaknya meningkatkan kepatuhannya terhadap pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan di fasilitas umum sehingga dapat terhindar dari penularan Covid-19.
Fatty acid profile and sensory properties of lamb meat from males of five indigenous breeds
Authors: Mercan Levent , Cam Mehmet A. , Olfaz Mustafa , Kirikci Koray , Tufekci Hacer , Kilic Unal
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine meat quality
characteristics, fatty acid profiles, and sensory characteristics of 50
single-birth male lambs from five breeds: Artlı (n=10), Çepni (n=10), Hemşin (n=10), Karayaka (n=10), and Of (n=10). At the
beginning of the experiment, the average age and weight of the lambs were
120 ± 5 d and 30.7 ± 0.68 kg respectively. After 60 d
of intensive fattening, the average live weight before slaughter was 40.96 kg ± 0.76 kg. All evaluations were performed on samples from the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. There was no difference between breeds in terms of the pH values
of the hot carcasses, whereas the cold carcass pH values were higher (P<0.001) in
Hemşin animals than in the other breeds. Meat chemical properties (such as organic matter;
dry matter; and fat, measured as the ether extract), physical properties (such as cooking
loss; drip loss; and water-holding capacity, WHC), and instrumental values (such
as colour, L* and b* values, chewiness, hardness, and resilience) were
significantly affected by breed differences. Additionally, the differences
between breeds were found to be significant in terms of the fatty acid
composition and the evaluation of organoleptic properties, such as sensory
characteristics, flavour, and juiciness of cooked (boiled or roasted) meat.
The results show that lamb meat's physical, chemical, and sensory properties
vary by breed. The differences found in the composition and presence of meat
fatty acids between and within breeds can be used as a source of variation
for future genetic improvement strategies.
The ozone–climate penalty over South America and Africa by 2100
Authors: Brown Flossie , Folberth Gerd A. , Sitch Stephen , Bauer Susanne , Bauters Marijn , Boeckx Pascal , Cheesman Alexander W. , Deushi Makoto , Dos Santos Vieira Inês , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Haywood James , Keeble James , Mercado Lina M. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Oshima Naga , Tsigaridis Kostas , Verbeeck Hans
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Climate change has the potential to increase surface ozone (O3)
concentrations, known as the “ozone–climate penalty”, through changes to
atmospheric chemistry, transport and dry deposition. In the tropics, the
response of surface O3 to changing climate is relatively
understudied but has important consequences for air pollution and human and
ecosystem health. In this study, we evaluate the change in surface O3
due to climate change over South America and Africa using three
state-of-the-art Earth system models that follow the Shared Socioeconomic
Pathway 3-7.0 emission scenario from CMIP6. In order to quantify changes
due to climate change alone, we evaluate the difference between simulations
including climate change and simulations with a fixed present-day climate.
We find that by 2100, models predict an ozone–climate penalty in areas
where O3 is already predicted to be high due to the impacts of
precursor emissions, namely urban and biomass burning areas, although on
average, models predict a decrease in surface O3 due to climate change.
We identify a small but robust positive trend in annual mean surface O3
over polluted areas. Additionally, during biomass burning seasons, seasonal
mean O3 concentrations increase by 15 ppb (model range 12 to 18 ppb) in
areas with substantial biomass burning such as the arc of deforestation in
the Amazon. The ozone–climate penalty in polluted areas is shown to be
driven by an increased rate of O3 chemical production, which is
strongly influenced by NOx concentrations and is therefore specific to the
emission pathway chosen. Multiple linear regression finds the change in NOx
concentration to be a strong predictor of the change in O3 production, whereas increased isoprene emission rate is positively correlated with
increased O3 destruction, suggesting NOx-limited conditions over the
majority of tropical Africa and South America. However, models disagree on
the role of climate change in remote, low-NOx regions, partly because of
significant differences in NOx concentrations produced by each model. We
also find that the magnitude and location of the ozone–climate penalty in
the Congo Basin has greater inter-model variation than that in the Amazon, so
further model development and validation are needed to constrain the response
in central Africa. We conclude that if the climate were to change according
to the emission scenario used here, models predict that forested areas in
biomass burning locations and urban populations will be at increasing risk
of high O3 exposure, irrespective of any direct impacts on O3
via the prescribed emission scenario.
Parameterizations of size distribution and refractive index of biomass burning organic aerosol with black carbon content
Authors: Luo Biao , Kuang Ye , Huang Shan , Song Qicong , Hu Weiwei , Li Wei , Peng Yuwen , Chen Duohong , Yue Dingli , Yuan Bin , Shao Min
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) impacts significantly on climate
directly through scattering and absorbing solar radiation and indirectly
through acting as cloud condensation nuclei. However, fundamental parameters
in the simulation of BBOA radiative effects and cloud activities such as
size distribution and refractive index remain poorly parameterized in
models. In this study, biomass burning events with high combustion
efficiency characterized by a high black carbon (BC) to BBOA ratio (0.22 on
average) were frequently observed during autumn in the Pearl River Delta
region, China. An improved absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) ratio
method considering both variations and spectral dependence of black carbon
AAE was proposed to differentiate brown carbon (BrC) absorptions from total
aerosol absorptions. BBOA size distributions, mass scattering and absorption
efficiency were retrieved based on the changes in aerosol number size
distribution, scattering coefficients and derived BrC absorptions that
occurred with BBOA spikes. Geometric mean diameter of BBOA volume size
distribution Dgv depended largely on combustion conditions, ranging
from 245 to 505 nm, and a linear relationship between Dgv and ΔBC/ΔBBOA​​​​​​​ was achieved. The retrieved real part of the BBOA refractive index
ranges from 1.47 to 1.64, with evidence showing that its variations might
depend largely on combustion efficiency, which is rarely investigated in
existing literature but which however requires further comprehensive investigations.
Retrieved imaginary parts of BBOA refractive index (mi,BBOA) correlated
highly with ΔBC/ΔBBOA (R>0.88) but differ a lot from previous parameterization schemes. The reason behind the inconsistency
might be that single formula parameterizations of mi,BBOA over the
whole BC/BBOA range were used in previous studies which might deviate
substantially for specific BC/BBOA ranges. Thus, a new scheme that
parameterizes wavelength-dependent mi,BBOA was presented, which filled
the gap for field-based BBOA absorptivity parameterizations of
​​​​​​​BC/BBOA >0.1. These findings have significant implications for
simulating BBOA climate effects and suggest that linking both BBOA
refractive index and BBOA volume size distributions to BC content might be a
feasible and a good choice for climate models.
Interactions between energy, water and carbon cycles: A new agro-eco-hydrological model to study impacts of global changes in the agropastoral Sahel
Authors: Demarty Jérôme , Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou , Etchanchu Jordi , Dezetter Alain , Mainassara Ibrahim , Oï Monique , Adamou Bassirou , Allies Aubin , Barral Hélène , Chazarin Jean-Philippe , Cappelaere Bernard
Published: September 2022

To project the future of natural resources, the modeling of continental surfaces is identified as a key tool. In this study, an emphasis is given to the modeling of water and vegetal resources, whose interactions cannot be finely apprehended by current models. To this end, an agro-eco-hydrological model is proposed to quantify both the energy, water and carbon exchanges and the plant productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems encountered in the agropastoral Sahel: millet cultivation and shrub fallow. This model is based on the physically-based SVAT model, SiSPAT (Braud et al., 2005). It mechanistically simulates vertical energy and water transfers in the continuum, and its high capability in the Sahelian zone has been fully demonstrated (Velluet et al., 2014). Processes specific to plant functioning and to carbon cycle were now added to the model: photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, seasonal plant phenology, and organ carbon allocation. This step was carried out for the millet crop using the formalisms described in the agronomic models SARRA-H from CIRAD (Dingkuhn et al., 2003) and STICS from INRAE (Brisson et al., 1998). Similarly, the description of natural ecosystems will soon be drawn from the ecological models STEP (Mougin et al., 1986) and TREEGRASS-2 (Boulain et al., 2014); all these models dedicated to vegetation having successfully been tested in the Sahelian context. The new version of the model has now the ability to simulate the seasonal development of agrosystems as a function of climate and energy and water availability. A first phase of exploitation of the integrated model has just been carried out in order to evaluate the robustness and relevance of the developments. It was conducted at the scale of a millet plot and with the support of multi-year observations acquired at the Wankama site (Cappelaere et al., 2009). The presentation will focus on the results as well as some perspectives of applications in future climatic changes.
Assess evapotranspiration over Sahelian regions: Review and evaluation of available products and alternative methods.
Authors: Etchanchu Jordi , Demarty Jerome , Dezetter Alain , Olioso Albert , Allies Aubin , Marlio Felix , Bodian Ansoumana , Boulet Gilles , Diop Lamine , Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou , Mainassara Ibrahim , Ogilvie Andrew , Barral Hélène , Chazarin Jean-Philippe , Oï Monique , Cappelaere Bernard
Published: September 2022

The estimation of spatialized Evapotranspiration (ET) is of great interest to tackle various scientific issues in hydrology. It is particularly relevant in Sahelian Regions where there is a spatial scarcity of in-situ ET measurements, despite having key issues in water management and food safety. Nowadays, many ET products are available with different temporal and spatial resolutions. These products use a wide range of methods: empirical ET equations, Land Surface Models (LSM), energy balance models, in-situ measurements upscaling, neural networks or data fusion approaches. In this study, a quite exhaustive review of available ET products has been performed over Sahel. We have evaluated the potential of 18 ET products, both at local scale, using eddy-covariance measurements and a LSM calibrated on sahelian ecosystems, and at mesoscale, using the ALMIP2 models ensemble (20 LSM). Results show that only few products succeed at representing realistic temporal and spatial repartition of ET in sahelian context. The wide variety of temporal and spatial resolutions is also limiting the applications of such products, especially in eco-hydrology or agricultural management. Alternative methods are thus proposed to provide more reliable ET estimation over sahelian region by combining multi-sources ET estimations and satellite data. First, derived at kilometer scale using the EVASPA S-SEBI Sahel (E3S) contextual approach and MODIS Thermal Infrared (TIR) data on clear sky days. Then days with clouds have been filled with a data fusion algorithm. This algorithm uses ET estimates from the Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM); which proved to have one of the best temporal representation of ET in our study area; and/or a simple parametric model (PAMEAS). Annual and seasonal ET estimates have been compared with the existing products on sahelian areas in Niger and Mali, and will be soon in Senegal too in the frame of the EVAP’EAU project (ICIREWARD Unesco Center). The E3S model and temporal interpolation techniques for daily ET estimations are also investigated in the mission group of the TRISHNA satellite mission (CNES-ISRO) which will provide TIR data and products with high spatial (60m) and temporal (3 days) resolution.
WAVELET ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES AT RAINFALL AND FLOW STATIONS IN THE UPSTREAM TORTIYA WATERSHED (Northern Ivory Coast)
Authors: Amalaman Marc Auriol , Mahe Gil , Diomande Ibrahim Beh , Tra Bi Zamble Armand , Rouche Nathalie , Nouaceur Zeineddine , Laignel Benoit
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the links between climate indices and the variability of precipitation and flow series. In order to better understand the non-stationarity of the different stations, the flow and rainfall data used concern the Tortiya station (1960-1996) and the Lafigué station (1977-1996). The climate indices coupled to these series are the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and ENSO (El Niño - Southern Oscillation) over the same study period. The methodology of this work consisted in applying wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence on the different time series. These methods highlighted the different modes of variability occurring in the time series, namely : the sub-annual mode (< 1 year), the annual mode (1 year) and the interannual mode (1-2 years ; 2-4 years; 4-8 years). Firstly, the results of the present analysis show that the variability of the signal is explained at high frequencies (6 months to 1 year) in the different time series. At this frequency, it is the annual mode (1 year) that records all the signal variability between 30% and 70%. On the other hand, this work presents signals on other frequencies and periods but fairly, especially 2-year frequency, in the 1990s at the Lafigué station (8.2%). Wavelet analysis revealed that the dominant signal is very broadly significant  at the annual cycle level. In addition, the use of wavelet coherence between climate indices (ENSO, NAO) and precipitation, flow indicates a strong influence of NAO on rainfall and flow series.

Key words : Wavelet, coherence, periodicity, variability, upstream Tortiya watershed 
Isotopic signature of precipitation in the semi-arid region of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Kreis Marjorie , Taupin Jean Denis , Patris Nicolas , Martins Eduardo
Published: September 2022

The study of the stable isotopic composition of precipitation is an essential element to characterize the groundwater input signal. Indeed, the content analysis of stable isotopes (18O, 2H) in the different compartments of the water cycle constitutes a powerful integrative approach to understand the origin and organization of groundwater flows within aquifers, and to identify potential relationships between surface water and groundwater. To date, the isotopic characterization of rainwater of the semiarid regions of Northeastern Brazil was only addressed by a few studies. This study aims, therefore, to improve the characterization of the isotopic signal of rainfall in the semiarid region of Ceará, and more specifically in the municipality of Quixeramobim, located in the center of the state.

The stable isotopes of rainwater were measured in monthly rainfall at three different stations between 2011 and 2019 (172 samples), and in daily rainfall at two stations between 2018 and 2019 (212 samples). The results showed that the frequency of rainfall sampling may induce an isotopic bias, due to the partial evaporation from the water collectors during monthly storage causing an isotopic fractionation. This bias may lead to a wrong definition of the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) in the absence of adequate data processing. The processing of the monthly data (elimination of the evaporated data) resulted in the preliminary LMWL of Quixeramobim characterized by the equation δ2H(‰)=8.06×δ18O(‰)+12.6 (r²=97%). The isotopic monitoring of daily rainfall highlighted the high d-excess values observed  in the rainwater (between +10.1‰ and +22.1‰) and allowed to confirm the LMWL derived from the monthly data. The y-intercept value of the LMWL of Quixeramobim, greater than +12‰ in both datasets, indicates that rainwater is composed of atmospheric vapors from marine origin (from the Atlantic, considering the proximity of the study zone to the coast) but also  from continental recycling. As a consequence, d-excess value < +12‰ in groundwater evidences the presence of water that has undergone evaporation, revealing an indirect infiltration process. This observation has major consequences in the understanding of aquifer recharge processes.
Impacts of climate variations and human influences on groundwater recharge in the semi-arid Trarza aquifer (SW Mauritania)
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Salem , Leduc Christian , Yeslem Sidi , Tagarinska Guinka , Salek Aichete
Published: September 2022

         Even in regions with very sparse population, hydrological processes are rapidly changing in semi-arid areas under the double constraint of climate change and anthropization. This is visible in the Trarza aquifer in south-western Mauritania where we investigated changes in groundwater recharge at different scales of time and space. This flat region of about 40,000 km2 is mainly made of a succession of Quaternary sandy dunes and interdune depressions where rainfall varies between 100 and 250 mm.a-1 from north to south. The apparent data scarcity, because of a very low demographic density and a limited hydraulic infrastructure, forced to search for all sources of hydrodynamic information, recent hydrogeological surveys as well as much older field campaigns. Out of this time scale of 60 years, the geochemical information shows the importance of Holocene eustatic variations in the present groundwater mineralization.

            While rainfall has varied a lot in the last decades (e.g. the dramatic droughts of the 1970s and 1980s), its infiltration in interdune depressions did not vary significantly as suggested by the piezometric stability over the last 50 years. This component of the groundwater recharge is estimated at about 4 mm.a-1.

            Since 1989, the big Diama dam has raised the mean level of the Senegal River, which is now always higher than the neighbouring groundwater. The additional inflow from the river to the alluvium and to the Trarza aquifer is estimated at about 34 hm3.a-1. Groundwater recharge from the river and rainfall infiltration over the whole area have the same order of magnitude. An even more recent form of anthropization is the new supply of water to the capital (45 hm3.a-1), pumped from the Senegal River. The increased injection of urban waste waters in the aquifer has led to a groundwater rise in the Nouakchott area, where several urban districts are now submerged.

            The Trarza aquifer appears then as to be presently much more influenced by human pressures than by climatic fluctuations, but the long term rise of sea level may have heavy consequences before the end of the 21th century in this very flat region.

 
Transient ecohydrology of the rainforests under changing climate
Authors: Singh Chandrakant , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Fetzer Ingo , van der Ent Ruud
Published: September 2022

The tropical terrestrial ecosystems naturally exist as alternative stable states, commonly referred to as forest and savanna ecosystems. However, these ecosystems, especially forests, are currently threatened by the risk of drought-induced forest-to-savanna transitions across the tropics and subtropics. Therefore, a better understanding of ecosystem dynamics and characteristics behind these alternative stable states is crucial in predicting their response to future hydroclimatic changes. Previous studies have analyzed these alternative stable states against precipitation predominantly based on space-for-time substitution. However, such a substitution provides a partial picture of ecosystem adaptation dynamics and associated ecosystem structural change over time.

Here, we empirically study the transient state of tropical ecosystems and their hydroclimatic adaptations by examining remotely sensed tree cover and root zone storage capacity over the last two decades in South America and Africa. Tree cover represents the above-ground ecosystem structure's density, and is derived directly from MODIS satellite data. Whereas root zone storage capacity is the maximum amount of soil moisture that the vegetation can access for transpiration is derived using daily precipitation and evaporation data.

We found that ecosystems at high (>75%) and low (<10%) tree cover adapt to changing precipitation by instigating considerable subsoil investment while experiencing limited tree cover change over time. For these ecosystems, the below-ground investment does not come at the cost of changing the above-ground ecosystem structure. Thus, we deem these ecosystems as stable since ecosystems' adaptive dynamics keep the structural characteristics intact. In contrast, unstable ecosystems at intermediate (30-60%) tree cover were unable to exploit the same level of adaptation as stable ecosystems, thus showing considerable changes to their above-ground ecosystem structure. We also found that ignoring this adaptive capacity of the ecosystem can underestimate the resilience of the forest ecosystems, which we find is largely underestimated in the case of the Congo rainforests. The results from this study emphasize the importance of the ecosystem's temporal dynamics and adaptation in inferring and assessing the risk of forest-savannah transitions under rapid hydroclimatic change.
Long-term assessment of water resources and agricultural changes across a semiarid Mediterranean piedmont (High-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Ouassanouan Youness , Fakir Younes , Simonneaux Vincent , Kharrou Hakim , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: September 2022

The Mediterranean region has experienced accelerated socioeconomic development, primarily due to population expansion. This had a substantial influence on water resource availability, with arid and semiarid areas being the most affected. In Morocco, both surface water and groundwater are already affected by reduced precipitation and massive withdrawals due to the growing demand for irrigated agriculture. The present study is carried out in the piedmont of the High-Atlas Mountains (central Morocco). This agro-hydrosystem is mainly fed by intermittent and ephemeral wadis that cross through the piedmont to the Haouz plain and discharge into the mainstream Tensift wadi. Groundwater is used for drinking purposes and serves as a buffer reserve for irrigation during dry seasons. A comprehensive analysis of hydro-climatological data between 1970 and 2018 is performed together with associated agricultural land use trends over the period 1984-2020. Over 48 years of monitoring, the analyses revealed a substantial decrease of water resources. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) showed three main meteorological drought periods, 1982-1986, 1998-2008 and 2013-2017. A decreasing trend of streamflow by nearly 40% has been noticed. The groundwater level has been decreasing dramatically over the last 2 decades.  Surprisingly, this decrease in water resources was associated to an agricultural transition from seasonal crops (cereals) to perennial crops (olive trees). This conversion is likely to exacerbate the water shortage, leading to an overexploitation of groundwater resources to satisfy the growing agricultural demand.

Keywords: Mediterranean region, precipitation, groundwater, streamflow, LULC, trends.
Interpretative approach of electrical resistivity data for efficiency implantation of drilling on basement zone : Case of Guibéroua (Côte d’Ivoire) 
Authors: Coulibaly Adama , Kouassi Kouamé Auguste , Kouassi Francis Williams
Published: September 2022

Access to drinking water for all is a major challenge for all countries, especially developing ones. In Côte d'Ivoire, many efforts are still being made to sastify the water needs of the population. This is the case in Guibéroua where geophysical campaigns have been carried out beforehand in order to increase the success rate of drilling. At the end of a geophysical campaign, sites (F1, F2 and/or F3) are identified in order of priority in each locality. However, these sites, as well as the proposed preferred drilling order, may not be the best ones. The problem then arises of identifying relevant geophysical criteria in order to increase the chances of success at the first drilling attempt. This work proposes an approach to interpreting electrical drag data in order to make a judicious choice of drilling sites. From the electrical resistivity data, electrical profiles are constructed. On these profiles, different anomaly shapes are identified and fracturing indices (FI) are calculated. The results obtained show that the anomaly shapes commonly encountered are the "U", "V", "W" shapes; those of "M" shape are rare. The highest average fracture index (IFm) is observed in the "V" shaped anomalies. This indicates that these correspond to the most fractured zones and therefore the most likely to be water-bearing. Moreover, the boreholes that have been drilled there have provided good flows for village hydraulics. U-shaped anomalies have a low mFI. They therefore describe less fractured sites. This is confirmed by the very low flow rates of the boreholes that have been installed there. As for the "W" anomalies, although the mFI is low, they are ideal for drilling because of the high flow rates obtained.

This study shows that in addition to the shape of the anomaly, the fracture index is an important parameter that must be taken into account when choosing drilling sites. The use of these two parameters can guarantee a high success rate of drillings.

KEYWORDS : Electrical resistivity, Electrical profiles, Conductive anomaly, Fracturing index, Drilling.
Towards nature-based and hybrid adaptation to coastal flood risk: a global perspective
Authors: Tiggeloven Timothy , de Moel Hans , Ward Philip
Published: September 2022

In the coming century, people in low-lying coastal urban areas are projected to face an increase in coastal flood risk due to increases in, for example, urban development, sea-level rise, subsidence, and degradation of foreshore vegetation. To prevent this increase, or even to reduce risk below today’s levels, adaptation measures must be implemented. Nature-based adaptation in coastal areas, such as vegetation on the foreshore, is showing potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, to our knowledge no studies have been carried out to assess and quantify the potential effectiveness of these nature-based or hybrid measures on a global-scale. Therefore, this study aims to provide a global scale assessment of nature-based (i.e. mangrove restoration and conservation of foreshore vegetation), structural (i.e. grey infrastructure) and hybrid (a combination of the latter two) adaptation measures to quantify its potential effectiveness. Although quantifying nature-based or hybrid adaptation can be challenging, it is critical to document such efforts to better understand their effectiveness. To achieve this, we develop a methodology to assess these adaptation measures in a global coastal flood risk modelling cascade. We will use this modelling framework to assess the benefits and costs of nature-based, structural and hybrid adaptation measures at the global scale. To address uncertainty of future conditions, we include a range of socioeconomic change projections and sea-level rise projections including uncertainties. The results of this study have major policy implications as it highlights the potential effectiveness of hybrid strategies at the global scale and shows where it is beneficial from an economic point of view to implement which strategies when assessing the direct benefits of the adaptation measure through flood risk reduction. This study will therefore be crucial to highlight regions where these adaptation measures might benefit for further research at the regional/local scale.
From graphical methods to geochemical and isotope hydrology tools: Understanding baseflow mechanisms in mountainous Mediterranean watersheds
Authors: Guisiano Pierre-Alain , Huneau Frédéric , Santoni Sébastien , Garel Emilie , Mattei Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Most of the Mediterranean basin coasts are bordered by high mountain ranges (Atlas, Taurus, Alps and Balkans e.g.). As a result, most of the coastal socio-economic activities are highly dependent on the availability of water from mountainous catchment areas. However, these resources are increasingly vulnerable to climate change, population growth and agricultural development. Given the high seasonality of rainfall, groundwater covers a large part of the withdrawals and appears to be essential to maintain river flows during dry periods. One of the most important knowledge gaps remains in the characterization and quantification of the watershed contributors supplying river flow through time and space. This is especially the case for groundwater and snow contributions. Due to its location in the western Mediterranean basin as well as its diversity in catchment morphologies, Corsica is an excellent observatory of any mountainous hydrological processes. The first step of our research consists in characterizing baseflow contribution through a full hydrological year for several representative selected watersheds (contrasted lithology, area, resilience e.g.). In this purpose, different promising tools rarely used in the Mediterranean context are available to perform baseflow analysis. On one hand, the non-tracer-based methods, including several technics ranging from an empirical to physical basis. On the other hand, the more accurate tracer-based methods including the utilization of water stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical tracers. Our works allowed to test and highlight the high potential of isotope and hydrogeochemical tools in the Mediterranean mountainous context in many ways:

-        By correlating and calibrating some of the non-tracer-based methods for Mediterranean use (such as the BFI index for Eckhardt’s recursive digital filter)

-        By clearly highlithing that baseflow is mainly due to groundwater contribution during dry periods

Our next steps consist in going further using environmental tracers to provide conceptual models describing all components of the hydrological cycle which contribute to baseflow. At the end, this will serve as indicators for stakeholders in order to perform sustainable management and to assess the resilience of water resources facing global climate change, not only in Corsica, but for any similar regions.
The trade-offs in re-operating dams for the environment in the Lower Volta River Basin
Authors: Owusu Afua , Zatarain Salazar Jazmin , Mul Marloes , van der Zaag Pieter , Slinger Jill
Published: September 2022

The construction of the Akosombo dam in the Lower Volta River basin in Ghana led to the formation of the largest artificial lake by surface area and the resettlement of 80,000 people. As a consequence, the riverine ecosystem changed, as did the lives of the downstream communities who lost their traditional livelihoods. These costs are in contrast to the vast economic benefits that Ghana as a whole has enjoyed from the affordable hydropower, irrigation schemes and lake tourism that have developed after construction of the dam. The Akosombo dam is credited for powering Ghana’s industrialization and making it one of the more developed countries in West Africa. Herein lies the crux of the matter: there are trade-offs between anthropogenic water demands and water for ecosystems which provide important ecosystem services, particularly for riverine communities. A transparent and justifiable approach to dam operation is needed to manage these trade-offs between multiple water users. In this study, Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy Search (EMODPS) is used to identify the multi-sectorial trade-offs in the Lower Volta River Basin. A designer environmental flow is incorporated as an objective rather than as a constraint and additionally, different policy framings as well as future scenarios encompassing climate change and varying energy futures are investigated. This study not only highlights the challenges faced by dam operators in balancing anthropogenic water demands and environmental considerations, but also identifies opportunities for compromises in the Lower Volta River.
Potential links between large-scale circulation patterns and extreme precipitation events over the Central-Eastern China
Authors: Jiang Qin , Giannini Mario , Cioffi Francesco
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Catastrophic extremes not only depend on the large-scale atmospheric circulation situations, but also on water vapor transport. In this study, we use an unsupervised neural network algorithm, self-organizing map (SOM) to identify and visualize the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs) over the spatial domain of 10°S–70°N and 40°E–170°W, which represented by standardized anomalies of 850 hPa geopotential height. Theil-Sen estimator, Mann-Kendall (MK), and Pettitt test are chosen to investigate the change trends and abrupt points in the time series of extreme precipitation over the Central-Eastern China (CEC) during 1960–2015. Results show that extreme precipitation over the southeast CEC demonstrates a significant positive trend (at 90% significance level). Regarding the average abrupt points of extreme precipitation frequency and its amount are 1988.3 and 1988.7 respectively, the time series are divided into two periods, i.e., 1960 to 1989 and 1990 to 2015. Then, we objectively adopt 5×5 SOM nodes for each period to represent the atmospheric CPs. At first, the simultaneities for extreme precipitation of 228 rain gauges are examined by using event synchronization, and these gauges are separated into four clusters by using the modularity method. Based on the SOM results, by examining the synchronization degree between extreme precipitation occurrences across the four clusters, we found that the patterns characterized by obvious negative anomalies of 850 hPa geopotential height over the Eastern and Southern Asia continent are highly synchronized with extreme precipitation events around the CEC. Moreover, comparing for each cluster the most synchronized CPs to heavy events of the two periods, we found significant changes in the structure and occurrence of CPs driving heavy rainfall events, that might be a consequence of change of the global pole-equator and ocean-land contrast temperature gradients.

Keywords: extreme precipitation, large-scale circulation patterns, self-organizing map, event synchronization, integrated vapor transport

 
Flood scenarios sampling effect on annualised flood damage estimation
Authors: Grelot Frédéric , Bailly Jean-Stéphane , Dorchies David
Published: September 2022

Annualised average damage (AAD) is a widely used indicator, both in research and in operational use, for two purposes: the evaluation of the flood exposure of a territory and the estimation of the effectiveness of flood prevention policies. The AAD synthesizes rich information resulting from the combination of hydrological (relationship between the rarity and intensity of events), hydraulic (spatial extent and intensity of floods), geographical (location and characteristic of stakes), and vulnerability (potential damage) modelling. By construction, the ADD allows to follow the evolution of hydrology or land use, whether they are due to the evolution of the climate, of the society or to flood prevention policies. As hydraulic modelling is costly to calibrate, in practice, the AAD is usually estimated on the basis of a set of specific flood scenarios.

The objective of our presentation is to discuss the influence of the choice of these scenarios (flood sampling) according to the expected use of the AAD (exposure diagnosis vs. project effectiveness). To do so, we build a digital experiment that mime the sampling of floods encountered in practice while keeping full control of the key parameters in the estimation of the AAD. This digital experiment is made up of a stochastic and parametric generator of flood scenarios (hydrograms at floodplain inlets), a Saint-Venant 1.5D-network hydraulic model, whose spatial representation directly arises from a digital terrain model, and a collection of spatially arranged stakes, whose vulnerability is represented in the form of multivariate damage functions (height and duration of submersion). This controlled digital experiment allows the evaluation of various types of policies, alone or combined: diking system, upstream reservoir, adaptation or relocation of the stakes, in a stationary or non-stationary climatic context.

Based on the simulation of a 10,000-year chronicle of flood events, we calculate a reference AAD (empirical average as an unbiased estimator of AAD mathematical expectation). This reference allows us to discuss the accuracy of the estimation of the AAD from a set of flood scenarios (sampling effect), and ultimately, the strategies adopted for the choice of flood scenarios (sampling design).
Flood monitoring system in the Dakar agglomeration
Authors: Dieme Laurent pascal m. , Bouvier Christophe , Bodian Ansoumana , Sidibé Alpha
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, African cities have been confronted with a series of floods related to rapid urbanisation, intensification of heavy rainfall and failure of the storm drainage system. There is a growing interest in their characterisation and prediction. This study, carried out in the urban periphery of the Dakar metropolitan area, aims to propose a modelling of flows and overflows of structures at fine resolution (5m) on a pilot zone. Two methodological steps are combined to achieve this objective: 1) the construction of the urban drainage topology taking into account the modifications induced by the building, the artificial channels and the retention basins, using algorithms developed for this purpose 2) the simulations of the flows in real time or in project mode, by a parsimonious spatialized model adapted to the local context coupling a hydrological model (SCS-LR) at the scale of small basins, and a hydraulic model (Kinematic Wave) for the propagation in network of the flows produced at the outlet of the basins . The former ensures the speed of the calculation, and the latter provides precise information on the behaviour of the network in the event of flooding. The overflow points of the network are identified by the difference between the maximum flow and the capacity of the network to evacuate floods. This modelling provides sufficiently informative simulations to guide the deployment of emergency services in the field, in real time, or to evaluate the effectiveness of the facilities in project mode, in a context of limited data. The model also provides boundary conditions for applying more complex hydraulic models to determine the impact of overtopping on limited areas.
Multi-scale approaches in forecasting extreme floods and their global connections
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Merz Bruno , Kurths Jürgen
Published: September 2022

The climate is a complex dynamical system involving interactions and feedbacks among different processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the climate system, nonetheless, the studies investigating the multiscale characteristics of the climate are scarce. Further, the present set of techniques are limited in their ability to unravel the multi-scale variability of the climate system. It is completely plausible that extreme events and abrupt transitions, which are of great interest to the climate community, are the result of interactions among processes operating at a multi-scale. For instance, storms, weather patterns, seasonal irregularities such as El Niño, floods and droughts, and decades-long climate variations can be better understood and even predicted by quantifying their multi-scale dynamics. This makes a strong argument to unravel the interaction and patterns of climatic processes at different scales. Our work will discuss the potential of multi-scale approaches, new methods developed using wavelet and complex network techniques and their applications in hydro climatology to better forecast extreme floods.
Timing and climatic-driven mechanisms of glacier advances in Bhutanese Himalaya during the Little Ice Age
Authors: Yang Weilin , Li Yingkui , Liu Gengnian , Chu Wenchao
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Mountain glaciers provide us a window into past climate changes
and landscape evolution, but the pattern of glacier evolution at centennial
or suborbital timescale remains elusive, especially in monsoonal Himalayas.
We simulated the glacier evolution in Bhutanese Himalaya (BH), a typical
monsoon-influenced region, during the Little Ice Age (LIA) using the Open
Global Glacier Model driven by six paleoclimate datasets and their average.
Compared with geomorphologically mapped glacial landforms, the model can
well capture the patterns of glacier length change. Simulation results
revealed four glacial substages (the 1270s, 1470s, 1710s, and 1850s) during LIA
in the study area. Statistically, a positive correlation between the number
of glacial substages and glacier slope was found, indicating that the occurrence
of glacial substages might be a result from heterogeneous responses of
glaciers to climate change. Monthly climate change analysis and sensitivity
experiments indicated that the summer temperature largely dominates the regional
glacier evolution during the LIA in BH.
The composite development and structure of intense synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones
Authors: Vessey Alexander F. , Hodges Kevin I. , Shaffrey Len C. , Day Jonathan J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Understanding the location and intensity of hazardous weather across the Arctic is important for assessing risks to infrastructure, shipping, and coastal communities. Key hazards driving these risks are extreme near-surface winds, high ocean waves, and heavy precipitation, which are dependent on the structure and development of intense synoptic-scale cyclones. This study aims to describe the typical lifetime, structure, and development of a large sample of past intense winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones using a storm compositing methodology applied to the ERA5 reanalysis. Results show that the composite development and structure of intense summer Arctic cyclones are different from those of intense winter Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean extra-tropical cyclones and from those described in conceptual models of extra-tropical and Arctic cyclones. The composite structure of intense summer Arctic cyclones shows that they typically undergo a structural transition around the time of maximum intensity from having a baroclinic structure to an axi-symmetric cold-core structure throughout the troposphere, with a low-lying tropopause and large positive temperature anomaly in the lower stratosphere. Summer Arctic cyclones are also found to have longer lifetimes than winter Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean extra-tropical cyclones, potentially causing prolonged hazardous and disruptive weather conditions in the Arctic.
Secondary Special Educators’ Perceptions of Transition Collaboration With Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: McKnight Michelle , Scheef Andrew R. , Levine Allison , Thomas Faith , Phillips Brian N.
Published: September 2022

Although interagency collaboration is one of the most recognized and recommended practices for improving the transition outcomes of students with disabilities (SWD), it remains challenging to understand in both research and practice. This study utilizes the theory of planned behavior to understand better secondary special educators’ beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors related to their collaboration with vocational rehabilitation (VR). Eighty-seven secondary special educators from across the U.S. participated in a survey using both quantitative and qualitative questions. Quantitative results indicate that more familiarity with VR lends itself to more behaviors that promote VR to SWD. Qualitative data describe how participants have created effective collaborative systems, as well as the barriers to working with VR in the transition process. Recommendations are provided at both the practitioner level and the systemic policy level to potentially address barriers to collaborations between these two groups of professionals in supporting post-school goals for SWD.
Tuberous Sclerosis in the Practice of Ultrasound Specialist: a Literature Review with our Own Observations
Authors: Cherdantseva S. Yu. , Cherdantseva Yu. E. , Kanailova O. P. , Svishcheva M. E.
Published: September 2022

Tuberous sclerosis (TBS) is a genetically determined orphan disease when many benign tumors (hamartomas) are formed in various organs and systems. The complexity of diagnosis is associated with a wide variety of clinical forms of the disease. Despite the benign nature of hamartomas, they cause dysfunction of the body, which leads to disability and a reduction in the life expectancy of patients. The lesions of the brain and heart are most characteristic for the early onset of the disease in infants and neonatal children. The article presents morphological changes in the central nervous system and heart, compares these changes with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging data. With the help of two clinical cases, the high sensitivity of neurosonography, as the primary method of examination of the brain, and the possibility of early diagnostics of the tuberous-sclerosis complex are shown. The publication also contains a literature review, clinical and diagnostic criteria of tuberous sclerosis, brief information about pathogenetic treatment in young children and a large number of illustrations.