bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and Modeling of Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylation in an Industrial Spray Loop Reactor
Authors: Amaral G. M. , Giudici R.
Published: September 2011

The kinetics of the ethoxylation of fatty alcohols catalyzed by potassium hydroxide was studied to obtain the rate constants for modeling of the industrial process. Experimental data obtained in a lab‐scale semibatch autoclave reactor were used to evaluate kinetic and equilibrium parameters. The kinetic model was employed to model the performance of an industrial‐scale spray tower reactor for fatty alcohol ethoxylation. The reactor model considers that mass transfer and reaction occur independently in two distinct zones of the reactor. Good agreement between the model predictions and real data was found. These findings confirm the reliability of the kinetic and reactor model for simulating fatty alcohol ethoxylation processes under industrial conditions.
TiO2‐Modified Flower‐Like Bi2WO6 Nanostructures with Enhanced UV‐Vis Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zheng Y. , Lv K. L. , Li X. F. , Deng K. J. , Sun J. , Chen L. Q. , Cui L. Z. , Du D. Y.
Published: September 2011

Anatase TiO2‐modified flower‐like Bi2WO6 nanostructures were prepared by a simple hydrothermal reaction followed by layer‐by‐layer deposition and calcination. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using Brilliant Red X3B, an anionic azo dye, as the target organic pollutant under UV‐Vis light irradiation. The experiment results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid increases first and then decreases with increasing loading amount of TiO2. The hybrid coated with four layers of TiO2 (containing 20 wt‐% TiO2) showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is 10.45 and 3.20 times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6 and TiO2, respectively. The improved photocatalytic performance of TiO2‐modified Bi2WO6 nanostructures could be ascribed to the improved light‐harvesting ability, efficient photo‐generated electron‐hole separation, and enhanced adsorption of the dye. This work may shed light on the design of complex architectures and the exploitation of their potential applications.
Isostructural Metal–Anion Radical Coordination Polymers with Tunable Phosphorescent Colors (Deep Blue, Blue, Yellow, and White) Induced by Terminal Anions and Metal Cations
Authors: Yong Guoping , Li Yingzhou , She Wenlong , Zhang Yiman
Published: September 2011

Five phosphorescent metal–anion radical coordination polymers based on a new anion radical ligand generated by in situ deprotonation of a stable zwitterionic radical are described. The N,O,N‐tripodal anion radical ligand links metal cations, which leads to five isostructural coordination polymers, [M3(bipo−.)4(L)2]n (M=Cd or Mn, Hbipo−.=2,3′‐biimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2′‐one, L=Cl−, HCOO− or SCN−). The isostructural coordination polymers exhibit novel one‐dimensional spirocycle‐like structures. Three isostructural CdII coordination polymers display unusual phosphorescent color changes (blue, yellow, and white) induced by terminal anions. Significantly, the CdII coordination polymer with terminal Cl− possesses moderate quantum yield, and shows a bright white‐light phosphorescence emission, which is independent of excitation wavelength and can even be excited by visible light. Upon adjusting the metal cation to MnII, two isostructural MnII coordination polymers reveal deep‐blue‐light phosphorescence emissions that are independent of terminal anions. As radical‐based coordination polymers, some of them show antiferromagnetic interactions between radical species or radical and metal center.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Diffraction Studies of RSn1+xGe1‐x (R: Tb—Er) Compounds.
Authors: Gil A. , Penc B. , Baran S. , Hoser A. , Szytula A.
Published: September 2011

TbSn1.12Ge0.88, DySn1.09Ge0.91, HoSn1.1Ge0.9, and ErSn1.08Ge0.92 are synthesized by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 773 K for 7 d.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Properties of Cu3.21Ti1.16Nb2.63O12 and the CuOx—TiO2—Nb2O5 Pseudoternary Phase Diagram.
Authors: Reeves‐McLaren Nik , Ferrarelli Matthew C. , Tung Yuan‐Wei , Sinclair Derek C. , West Anthony R.
Published: September 2011

Subsolidus phase relations for the title system are determined at 935 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Co3O4—SiO2 Nanocomposite: A Very Active Catalyst for CO Oxidation with Unusual Catalytic Behavior.
Authors: Jia Chun‐Jiang , Schwickardi Manfred , Weidenthaler Claudia , Schmidt Wolfgang , Korhonen Satu , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Schueth Ferdi
Published: September 2011

The title catalyst is prepared by addition of C—SiO2 (obtained from activated carbon and Et4SiO4 in EtOH, followed by annealing at 350 °C for 30 min in air) to an aqueous Co(NO3)2 solution, and calcination of the resulting solid at 550°C for 90 min in air (yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: SmZn11‐Type Derivative Compound in the Yb—Zn—Al System: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Stelmakhovych O. , Stelmakhovych B. , Uhlirova K. , Maskova S. , Havela L. , Kalychak Ya.
Published: September 2011

Single crystals of Yb3.50Zn32.1Al1.4 are prepared from a ternary Zn‐rich melt of the elements (alumina crucible, 1030 K, 1 h, cooling to 770 K).
ChemInform Abstract: The Ability of RP‐Type Cobaltites to Accommodate Carbonate Groups: A New Layered Oxide Sr4Co2(CO3)O5.86.
Authors: Demont A. , Pelloquin D. , Hebert S. , Breard Y. , Hoewing J. , Miyazaki Y. , Maignan A.
Published: September 2011

The possibility to introduce carbonate groups in a pure cobalt based Ruddlesden Popper type matrix is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Assisted Preparation and Characterization of Silver Indium Diselenide Powders.
Authors: Chien Szu‐Chia , Chen Fu‐Shan , Lu Chung‐Hsin
Published: September 2011

AgInSe2 powders are synthesized from aqueous solutions of In(NO3)3, AgNO3, citric acid, and ethylene glycol (heating of the obtained gel at 500 °C in air for 3 h), followed by addition of excess Se powder and heating in a horizontal tube (5 vol% H2/N2, 250—600 °C, 20—180 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Controlled Diastereoselectivity in Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Cycloketones with Aldehydes Using Enamine‐Based Organocatalysts.
Authors: Gao Jinsuo , Bai Shiyang , Gao Qiang , Liu Yan , Yang Qihua
Published: September 2011

A high syn‐selectivity is achieved in the asymmetric aldol reaction of cycloalkanones (I) with aromatic aldehydes (II) using a chiral diamine organocatalyst and succinic acid as an acidic additive capable of hydrogen bonding.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Elimination/Isomerization of Enol Triflates into 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Crouch Ian T. , Dreier Timothy , Frantz Doug E.
Published: September 2011

Highly substituted 1,3‐dienes are obtained in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrazolopyrimidinedithiones and Pyrazolopyrimidinephosphines from Aminocyanopyrazoles.
Authors: Allouche Fatma , Chabchoub Fahker , Salem Mansour , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: September 2011

Title compounds (III) and (V) are formed in a one‐pot procedure via Dimroth rearrangement of intermediates obtained primarily from the reaction of pyrazoles (I) with carbon disulfide and Lawesson reagent, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium‐Catalyzed Atmospheric Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols Using Water as Solvent.
Authors: Kodama Shintaro , Hashidate Suguru , Nomoto Akihiro , Yano Shigenobu , Ueshima Michio , Ogawa Akiya
Published: September 2011

An inexpensive and environmentally benign method for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols is reported employing a vanadium catalyst and using water as reaction solvent under an atmospheric pressure of oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Borylative Carbocyclization of Enallenes.
Authors: Persson Andreas K. A. , Jiang Tuo , Johnson Magnus T. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: September 2011

The protocol gives alkylboronates in good yield and stereoselectivity and requires only minimal amounts of reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Accelerated Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds with a Catalytic Amount of Indium Generated from in situ Reduction of InCl3 with Aluminum.
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Sato Yuki , Yamada Dai , Takahashi Fusako , Araki Shuki
Published: September 2011

A combination of catalytic InCl3 and stoichiometric aluminum efficiently mediates the allylation of carbonyl compounds in an ionic liquid/H2O solvent system.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenylphosphonates: Unexpected Products from Reactions of Methyl 2‐[(Diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]benzoate under Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Conditions.
Authors: Baird Lynton J. , Colomban Cedric , Turner Claire , Teesdale‐Spittle Paul H. , Harvey Joanne E.
Published: September 2011

Reaction of benzoate (I) with several aldehydes affords alkenylphosphonates (III) as the major products, together with the expected Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A New, Simple, and Mild Azidolysis of Vinylepoxides.
Authors: Righi Giuliana , Manni Livia Salvati , Bovicelli Paolo , Pelagalli Romina
Published: September 2011

The process is highly regioselective for substrates of type (I).
ChemInform Abstract: New Effective Synthetic Method for Preparation of N,N‐Dichlorocarbamates.
Authors: Gutch P. K. , Singh Ravindra , Prabha S. , Suryanarayana M. V. S.
Published: September 2011

A rapid, efficient, and easy to scale method for the conversion of carbamates into the corresponding N,N‐dichlorocarbamates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Simple Alkenes.
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: September 2011

A variety of 1,4‐dienes is prepared with high regioselectivity by Ni—phosphine‐catalyzed allylic substitution of allylic alcohols, allylsilanes, vinylepoxides and vinyltetrahydrofuran derivatives with simple alkenes (in parts published previously).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Reductive Amination of Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Gold(I) Complex under Transfer Hydrogenation Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Yan , Zhu Chengjian , Li Wei , Cheng Yixiang , Hu Hongwen
Published: September 2011

An efficient method is elaborated for the gold‐catalyzed reductive amination of aldehydes (I) and ketones (IV) with an equimolar amount of anilines in the presence of Hantzsch ester as reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Formation of Tertiary Amines from Nitriles and Alcohols.
Authors: Liu Saiwen , Chen Ru , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: September 2011

The process is based upon a borrowing hydrogen strategy with benzonitrile acting as a nitrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: New Simple and Recyclable O‐Acylation Serine Derivatives as Highly Enantioselective Catalysts for the Large‐Scale Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Wu Chuanlong , Fu Xiangkai , Li Shi
Published: September 2011

The new serine derivative efficiently promotes the reaction of ketones with aromatic aldehydes in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Modularly Tuned Bicyclic Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Xiao Jian , Xu Feng‐Xia , Lu Yun‐Peng , Liu Yan‐Ling , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: September 2011

The catalyst system ICA/DMAP is successfully applied to the reaction to give syn‐adducts (III) as major products with good levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles on Graphite Oxide as Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura, Mizoroki—Heck, and Sonogashira Reactions.
Authors: Rumi Luigi , Scheuermann Gil M. , Muelhaupt Rolf , Bannwarth Willi
Published: September 2011

The reaction of a variety of aryl bromides with ester (II) affords the products with moderate to good high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Symmetrical 3,3‐Diarylacrylates by a Heck—Matsuda Reaction: An Expedient Route to Biologically Active Indanones.
Authors: Taylor Jason G. , da Silva Ribeiro Rodrigo , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: September 2011

A regioselective Heck—Matsuda reaction is developed to synthesize various title compounds as ubiquitous structural motifs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Copper‐Free Sonogashira Reaction Catalyzed by a Reusable Palladium Schiff Base Complex in Water.
Authors: He Ying , Cai Chun
Published: September 2011

The reaction of various aryl iodides tolerates electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents at para‐, meta‐ and ortho positions.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Amination/Cyclocarbonylation of Allene Carbamates: A Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Schomaker Jennifer M. , Timokhin Vitaliy
Published: September 2011

The ratio of CH‐amidation to aziridination in a series of allene carbamates is investigated with respect to conditions and substrate structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines.
Authors: Huang Li , Wulff William D.
Published: September 2011

N‐Boc imines and some related compounds react with both α‐diazo oxazolidinones and α‐diazo esters to give trisubstituted aziridines with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 210. Indium(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Conversion of {[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}‐Substituted Sulfones with 2‐[(Trimethylsilyl)oxy]furan: A Facile Access to γ‐Butenolactone Derivatives Containing a Protected Amino Group.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Reddy Parigi Raghavendar , Kashanna Jajula
Published: September 2011

Various racemic γ‐butenolactones are prepared with moderate anti‐selectivities tolerating aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic substituents and a range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde with Buteno‐4‐lactone.
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Zhou Zhiqiang , Yu Feng , Li Xin , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: September 2011

using the Joergensen—Hayashi catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate as a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst for Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes via Gewald Reaction.
Authors: Moeinpour Farid , Omidinia Raheleh , Dorostkar‐Ahmadi Nadieh , Khoshdeli Bentalhoda
Published: September 2011

Cesium carbonate can readily be separated from the reaction mixture and reused at least three times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Synthesis of Symmetrical Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Heterocycles from Electron‐Deficient Alkynes via the Catalysis of Electrogenerated Base and Fe3+ Ions.
Authors: Li Chuan‐Hua , Yuan Gao‐Qing , Zheng Jun‐Hua , He Zai‐Jun , Qi Chao‐Rong , Jiang Huan‐Feng
Published: September 2011

It provides a new method to prepare highly functionalized pyrroles and furans.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Lin Xufeng , Mao Zhenjun , Dai Xixiang , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of pyrroles (IV) by a multicomponent reaction is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 1,3‐Dipolar Reactions for the Preparation of SF5‐Substituted Five‐Membered Ring Heterocycles. Pyrroles and Thiophenes.
Authors: Dolbier William R. Jr. , Zheng Zhaoyun
Published: September 2011

A variety of SF5‐substituted pyrrole and hitherto not reported SF5‐substituted thiophene derivatives are synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of SF5‐substituted alkynes (I) with in situ generated azomethine ylides or thiocarbonyl ylides, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with Racemic Spiro Indolin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Yin Qin , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2011

The resulting adducts bearing a quaternary stereocenter are obtained with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Scalable Nenitzescu Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐indole‐5‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Boros Eric E. , Kaldor Istvan , Turnbull Philip S.
Published: September 2011

The title compound (VIII) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of selective androgen receptor modulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐(Diformylmethylidene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole with Hydrazides: Synthesis of New Pyrazolylindolenine Derivatives — The Unprecedented One‐Pot Pyrazole—Thiadiazole Double Annulation.
Authors: Khaledi Hamid , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Thomas Noel Francis , Ng Seik Weng
Published: September 2011

The reactions of compound (I) lead to the expected new compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (X), to the by‐product (VIII), and to the unprecedented formation of the compound (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution in 1‐Methyl‐3,4,5‐trinitro‐1H‐pyrazole
Authors: Dalinger Igor L. , Vatsadze Irina A. , Shkineva Tatyana K. , Popova Galina P. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A.
Published: September 2011

by amines, NH‐azoles, phenols, thiols, and oximes
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy One‐Step Photocatalytic Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2‐alkylbenzimidazoles by Platinum Loaded TiO2 Nanoparticles under UV and Solar Light.
Authors: Selvam K. , Swaminathan M.
Published: September 2011

Pt loaded on TiO2 nanoparticles promotes the photolytic reaction of N‐monosubstituted o‐phenylenediamines (I) with aliphatic alcohols to give 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles directly.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamimidates via a Three‐Component Reaction of Imines, Terminal Alkynes, and p‐Toluenesulfonylisocyanate Using a Monophosphine Gold(I) Catalyst.
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , Toste F. Dean
Published: September 2011

In all cases, a mixture of five‐ and six‐membered rings is obtained favoring oxazole derivatives (ratio 1,6:1 up to ≥ 20:1).
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to Oligotriazoles Using a Cobalt Complex of Propargyl Azides as a Synthetic Component.
Authors: Tsukada Yuichi , Yamada Kohei , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: September 2011

The target compounds are prepared by repetitive sequence involving a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes with alkyne—cobalt complexes and subsequent oxidative deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Novel Diphenylpyran Derivatives.
Authors: Bolag Altan , Nishida Jun‐ichi , Hara Kohjiro , Yamashita Yoshiro
Published: September 2011

A series of novel diphenylpyran derivatives (VII) is synthesized as photosensitizers of dye‐sensitized solar cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles.
Authors: Pavlik James W. , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai , Tantayanon Supawan
Published: September 2011

Methods for the synthesis of the title compounds with substituents at ring position 1, 3, and 6 are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign Syntheses of Flavanones.
Authors: Chen Po‐Yuan , Wang Tzu‐Pin , Chiang Michael Y. , Huang Keng‐Shian , Tzeng Cherng‐Chyi , Chen Yi‐Long , Wang Eng‐Chi
Published: September 2011

The mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly method allows to prepare biologically important flavanones.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline Catalyzed Condensation—Cyclization Tandem Process: Facile and Effective Synthesis of 3‐Polyfluoroalkanesulfonyl Coumarin.
Authors: Han Jainwei , Xin Yong , Zhao Jingwei , Zhu Shizheng
Published: September 2011

Nitrile (I) reacts readily with aldehydes (II) to afford acrylonitriles (III), whilst the analogous reaction of esters (IV) with salicylaldehydes (V) gives rise to coumarin derivatives (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Quinoline Analogues of Nimesulide: An Unusual Observation.
Authors: Reddy Lingam Venkata , Nakka Mamatha , Suman Alishetty , Ghosh Soumen , Helliwell Madeleine , Mukkanti Khagga , Mukherjee Alok Kumar , Pal Sarbani
Published: September 2011

Treating N‐acetyl derivative (I) with the Vilsmeier—Haack reagent results in the formation of the unexpected N‐formyl derivative (III) along with the expected product (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some New Heterocyclic Sulfonamide Derivatives.
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Al‐Said Mansour S. , El‐Hossary Ebaa M.
Published: September 2011

A variety of new quinoline, pyrimidoquinoline and oxazinoquinoline derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety is synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinolines from α‐Aryl Vinyl Azides and Internal Alkynes by Rh—Cu Bimetallic Cooperation.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Toh Kah Kah , Lee Jian‐Yuan , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2011

Optimized reaction condition including a Rh/Cu‐bimetallic catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐Azacinnolin‐4(1H)‐one Preparation and NMR Studies of Tautomery.
Authors: Stockmann Vegar , Primpke Sebastian , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: September 2011

The title compound (II) is synthesized by a C‐azo coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Aminoquinazoline via Amidine of N‐Arylamidoxime.
Authors: Patil Sachin S. , Mhaske Pravin C. , Patil Sachin V. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: September 2011

Extra cyano‐substituents remain unaffected by using the presented method, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2‐Alkoxy(aralkoxy)‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5‐ones Starting with Dialkyl‐N‐cyanoimidocarbonates.
Authors: Al‐Salahi Rashad , Geffken Detlef
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (III) can also be converted to a variety of derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines. Part 2.
Authors: Farghaly Abdel‐Rahman , El‐Kashef Hussein
Published: September 2011

The syntheses of the title compounds with biologically and pharmacologically active moiety are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 4‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazepines from 2‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1‐arylethanols via Dehydration of the Corresponding Amides.
Authors: Fukamachi Shuhei , Konishi Hisatoshi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro
Published: September 2011

The reaction proceeds under mild conditions from easily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Dichroic and Luminescent Triphenodioxazine Dyes.
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Ashida Toru , Matsumoto Shinya
Published: September 2011

Two triphenodioxazine dyes (I) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the B‐seco Limonoid Scaffold.
Authors: Schuster Hannah , Martinez Remi , Bruss Hanna , Antonchick Andrey P. , Kaiser Markus , Schuermann Markus , Waldmann Herbert
Published: September 2011

The B‐seco limonoid scaffold (V) is prepared via a ring closing metathesis of diene (II) and an Ireland—Claisen rearrangement of ester (IV) as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialiumoside, an Olean‐18‐ene Triterpenoid from Dialium excelsum
Authors: Awantu Angelbert F. , Lenta Bruno N. , Bogner Tobias , Fongang Yanick F. , Ngouela Silvere , Wansi Jean D. , Tsamo Etienne , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity
ChemInform Abstract: New Antiplasmodial Indole Alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica.
Authors: Nugroho Alfarius E. , Sugai Masatomo , Hirasawa Yusuke , Hosoya Takahiro , Awang Khalijah , Hadi A. Hamid A. , Ekasari Wiwied , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Morita Hiroshi
Published: September 2011

Two new indole alkaloids, bisnicalaterine D(I), possessing an eburnane and a corynanthe type skeleton, and nicalaterine A(II) are isolated from the bark of H.zeylanica. The antimalarial activity of the new compounds as well as that of three previously isolated bisindole alkaloids, bisnicalaterines A—C, is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Constituents from the Roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata.
Authors: Chin Young‐Won , Jung Yoo Hyun , Chae Hee‐Sung , Yoon Kee Dong , Kim Jinwoong
Published: September 2011

The previously unknown compound (I) is found along with thirteen known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Digitalis purpurea L.
Authors: Jin Qinglong , Jin Hong‐Guang , Shin Ji Eun , Hong Jongki , Woo Eun‐Rhan
Published: September 2011

The new phenylethanoid glycosides, purpureaside D (Ia) and purpureaside E (Ib), are isolated together with two known phenylethanoid glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Compounds with NF‐ϰB Inhibitory Effects from the Fungus Phellinus baumii.
Authors: Wu Chang‐Sheng , Lin Zhao‐Min , Wang Lo‐Ning , Guo Dong‐Xiao , Wang Shu‐Qi , Liu Yong‐Qing , Yuan Hui‐Qing , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: September 2011

Nine new compounds, five hispidin‐derived polyphenols, phellibaumin A (III), B (II), C (IV), D (Ia), and E (Ib) benzyl dihydroflavones methylphelligrin A (Vb) and B (Va) and their epimers are isolated from the fruit body of P.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiosynthesis of [11C]Vandetanib and [11C]chloro‐Vandetanib as New Potential PET Agents for Imaging of VEGFR in Cancer.
Authors: Gao Mingzhang , Lola Christian M. , Wang Min , Miller Kathy D. , Sledge George W. , Zheng Qi‐Huang
Published: September 2011

Vandetanib and chloro‐vandetanib are synthesized following published procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetic—Ferromagnetic Oxide Multilayers: Fe3O4‐based Systems as a Model
Authors: van der Zaag P. J. , Borchers Julie A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Perspectives for “Non‐Classical” Molecules: Heavy [1.1.1]Propellanes of Group 14
Authors: Nied Dominik , Breher Frank
Published: September 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Complex Ferroelectrics
Authors: Hang Tian , Zhang Wen , Ye Heng‐Yun , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: September 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(I)‐Bridging Allyl Dimers: A New System for the Catalytic Functionalization of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hazari Nilay , Hruszkewycz Damian P. , Wu Jianguo
Published: September 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Survey of Briarane‐Type Diterpenoids. Part 4.
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Su Jui‐Hsin , Wang Wei‐Hsien , Sheu Jyh‐Horng , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wu Yang‐Chang , Chen Yung‐Husan , Chung Hsu‐Ming , Su Yin‐Di , Chang Yu‐Chia
Published: September 2011

Review: structures, names and bioactivities of 90 briarane‐type diterpenoids; 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: An Unfinished Story
Authors: De Clercq Erik
Published: September 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Organic Polymers in Catalysis: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Hupp Joseph T. , Nguyen SonBinh T.
Published: September 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Application of Methods for Separation of Carbohydrates by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Karlsson Goran
Published: September 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Amino‐ and Nitrofuroxans
Authors: Makhova Nina. N.
Published: September 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Reactions
Authors: Levinger S.
Published: September 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triamino‐1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene
Authors: da Silva Gilson , Mattos Elizabeth da Costa
Published: September 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Grignard Reagents (Update 2010)
Authors: Yorimitsu H.
Published: September 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Nosyloxycarbamate: A Chameleonic Aminating Agent
Authors: Pellacani Lucio , Fioravanti Stefania , Tardella Paolo A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic and Benzylic Oxidation
Authors: Andrus M. B.
Published: September 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerizations to Form a Stereogenic Center and Allylic Rearrangements
Authors: Jautze S. , Peters R.
Published: September 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Crawley M. L.
Published: September 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ene Reactions
Authors: Terada M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Molecular Characteristics Dominating the Solubility of Gases in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hu Yu‐Feng , Liu Zhi‐Chang , Xu Chun‐Ming , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: September 2011

Review: 265 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Imaging of Red Blood Cells by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wood Bayden R. , Stoddart Paul R. , McNaughton Donald
Published: September 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Production of Liquid Fuels from Biomass: Thermoeconomic Modeling, Process Design and Process Integration Analysis
Authors: Tock Laurence , Gassner Martin , Marechal Francois
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Capturing Protein Structural Kinetics by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ben‐Nissan Gili , Sharon Michal
Published: September 2011

Review: 63 refs.
Enantiomers of naringenin as pleiotropic, stereoselective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms
Authors: Lu Wenjie Jessie , Ferlito Valentina , Xu Cong , Flockhart David Alastair , Caccamese Salvatore
Published: September 2011

Interactions between naringenin and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system have been of interest since the first demonstration that grapefruit juice reduced CYP3A activity. The effects of naringenin on other CYP isoforms have been less investigated. In addition, it is well known that interactions with enzymes are often stereospecific, but due to the lack of readily available pure naringenin enantiomers, the enantioselectivity of its effects has not been characterized. We isolated pure naringenin enantiomers by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography and tested the ability of (R)‐,(S)‐ and rac‐naringenin to inhibit several important drug‐metabolizing CYP isoforms using recombinant enzymes and pooled human liver microsomes. Naringenin was able to inhibit CYP19, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 with IC50 values below 5 μM. No appreciable inhibition of CYP2B6 or CYP2D6 was observed at concentrations up to 10 μM. Whereas (S)‐naringenin was 2‐fold more potent as an inhibitor of CYP19 and CYP2C19 than (R)‐naringenin, (R)‐naringenin was 2‐fold more potent for CYP2C9 and CYP3A. Chiral flavanones like naringenin are difficult to separate into their enantiomeric forms, but enantioselective effects may be observed that ultimately impact clinical effects. Inhibition of specific drug metabolizing enzymes by naringenin observed in vitro may be exploited to understand pharmacokinetic changes seen in vivo. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From Material and Energy Flow Analysis to Carbon Footprinting – Suggestions from Cost Accounting
Authors: Schmidt Mario
Published: September 2011

In der Ökobilanzierung werden Material‐ und Energieflussanalysen für die sogenannte Sachbilanz eingesetzt. Der Carbon Footprint vereinfacht die Ökobilanz durch seinen Bezug auf eine einzige Ergebnisgröße. Allerdings treten dann einige Parallelen zur Kostenrechnung deutlich zu Tage, etwa können die Emissionsfaktoren von Rohstoffen oder anderen Vorleistungen als Preise aufgefasst werden. Bekannte Verfahren aus der Kostenrechnung können für die Berechnung und Auswertung eingesetzt werden und Aspekte wie Kuppelprozesse, Recyclingprozesse, Kreislaufführungen oder Allokationen elegant lösen. Herausforderungen beim Carbon Footprint sind der Umgang mit der Speicherung von Kohlenstoff, mit Kohlendioxid biogenen Ursprungs und der Berücksichtigung von Landnutzungsänderungen. In dem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie mit einer stringenten Methodik solche Fragen in Material‐ und Energieflussanalysen behandelt werden können.
Peak and decline in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence at old ages
Authors: Harding Charles , Pompei Francesco , Wilson Richard
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Cancer incidence and mortality increase with age through much of adulthood, but earlier work has found that these rates decline among the very elderly. To compare incidence and mortality at the oldest ages, the authors investigated both in the same large population, which comprised 9.5% of the United States in 2000. The authors also report age‐specific prevalence among the elderly, which has received little attention.

METHODS:

Twenty‐three cancer types were studied in men, and 24 cancer types were studied in women. Patient records were obtained from the SEER 9 cancer registries, and population figures were taken from the 2000 US Census. The authors explored the reliability of census data on the oldest old, which has been questioned.

RESULTS:

Age‐specific incidence, prevalence, and mortality results are presented for the years 1998 to 2002. Incidence and mortality usually decreased or plateaued at very old ages. Prevalence usually decreased swiftly at ages >90 years. When there was statistical power, incidence normally peaked between ages 75 years and 90 years, dropping abruptly afterward. With several large exceptions, peak incidence and mortality coincided within ±5 years. Both rates often trended toward zero among centenarians, who may be asymptomatic or insusceptible.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results were found to be consistent with autopsy and survival studies. Most age‐specific models of carcinogenesis are based on cancer rate data for ages <85 years. The authors argue that these models could not fit the current results without fundamental modification and outline biologic mechanisms for such modification, mostly cellular and tissue senescence. They also recommend caution to researchers who use census data on the very elderly. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
MutYH mutation carriers have increased breast cancer risk
Authors: Rennert Gad , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Cohen Ilana , Pinchev Mila , Rennert Hedy S. , Barnett‐Griness Ofra
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Variants of the mutY homolog gene MutYH, a DNA repair gene, are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer; however, it remains unclear whether these variants also are associated with the risk of other cancers. The authors studied the risk of breast cancer associated with MutYH variants in a unique ethnic group of Sephardi Jews in Israel with a high prevalence of MutYH mutations.

METHODS:

The study participants were 930 Sephardi Jewish women of North African origin who were recruited into the population‐based case‐control Breast Cancer in Northern Israel Study (BCINIS) either as breast cancer cases or as healthy controls. All participants contributed a blood sample and completed an interview. Two MutYH variants, a glycine‐to‐aspartic acid substitution at codon 396 (G396D) and a tyrosine‐to‐cysteine substitution at codon 179 (Y179C), were studied.

RESULTS:

In the Sephardi Jews, among the healthy controls, 20 women (3.7%) were homozygote or heterozygote carriers of the G396D variant, and 4 women (0.7%) were heterozygote carriers of the Y179C variant. Breast cancer cases had a 6.7% prevalence of G396D, yielding a significantly elevated risk estimate for breast cancer (odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐3.39; P = .039). The tumors detected in carriers with MutYH variants were similar in characteristics to those without MutYH variants, as was the age at diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Carriers of variants in MutYH, although not very common, may have an increased risk of breast cancer in Jews of North African origin. Identification of such carriers and special surveillance protocols may be warranted. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Postchemotherapy histological analysis of major intrahepatic vessels for reversal of attachment or invasion by colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Tanaka Kuniya , Kumamoto Takafumi , Nojiri Kazunori , Takeda Kazuhisa , Endo Itaru
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Although tumor reduction via present‐day prehepatectomy chemotherapy can render initially unresectable disease potentially resectable, little is known about the effects of such chemotherapy on liver metastases with known attachment to or invasion of major intrahepatic vessels. We histologically assessed the relationships of liver tumors to major intrahepatic vessels after chemotherapy.

METHODS:

In 45 patients who underwent chemotherapy and hepatectomy with pretreatment images showing metastases attached to or invading major intrahepatic vessels, 77 metastases showed attachment to or invasion of 96 vessels.

RESULTS:

Using postchemotherapy imaging, 11 of 77 metastases (14.3%) appeared separated from 12 of 96 major hepatic vessels (12.5%). Among 83 vessels later examined pathologically, 29 showed direct invasion (35%) and 10 showed attachment (12%). Tumors involved another 9 vessels (11%) that were separated surgically from the tumor and preserved during hepatectomy. Tumor attachment that exceeded 25% of vessel circumferences via imaging after chemotherapy was a factor associated with pathological vascular invasion or attachment according to multivariate analysis (relative risk, 8.449; 95% confidence interval, 1.961‐36.415; P = .0042).

CONCLUSIONS:

Liver metastasis attachment to or invasion of major intrahepatic vessels is difficult to eradicate even with otherwise effective chemotherapy. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rapid prescreening in gynecologic cytology
Authors: Auger Manon
Published: September 2011

Rapid prescreening is an underutilized strategy for gynecologic cytology. The study by Tavares et al published in the current issue of Cancer Cytopathology adds strong data to the growing body of evidence that rapid prescreening is an excellent internal quality assurance method for improving the performance of gynecologic cytology.
Regional and subcellular distribution of the receptor‐targeting protein PIST in the rat central nervous system
Authors: Chen Annie , Göβling Enno K. , Witkowski Leora , Bhindi Amar , Bauch Carola , Roussy Geneviève , Sarret Philippe , Kreienkamp Hans‐Jürgen , Stroh Thomas
Published: September 2011

Protein interacting specifically with Tc10, PIST, is a Golgi‐associated sorting protein involved in regulating cell‐surface targeting of plasma membrane receptors. The present study provides the first comprehensive description of PIST distribution in the mammalian central nervous system and of its subcellular localization by immunocytochemistry. PIST is distributed widely throughout the neuraxis, predominantly associated with neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. In hippocampal neurons, in vitro and in situ, PIST displayed a patchy subcellular distribution in an area surrounding the nucleus and extending into one of the major dendrites. By colocalization with the trans‐Golgi marker TGN38, we were able to show that PIST is associated largely but not exclusively with the trans‐Golgi network in central neurons. High or moderate to high levels of PIST‐like immunoreactivity were found in cortical areas, in particular in layer V of the neocortex. The motor cortex was most strongly labeled. Also, the piriform and insular cortices displayed strong PIST labeling. In the hippocampus, CA2 but not CA1 or CA3 pyramidal cells displayed strong PIST‐labeling, extending into their apical dendrites. In the thalamus, ventrolateral and laterodorsal nuclei were most strongly stained, whereas in the hypothalamus the supraoptic nucleus stood out with strong immunoreactivity. Strikingly, in the brainstem all cranial nerve motor nuclei were PIST‐positive at varying levels, which is in keeping with the prominent expression of PIST in forebrain motor areas. This selective distribution of PIST suggests that the protein serves distinctive roles in specific neuronal populations, establishing functionally distinct zones, for instance, in the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:889–913, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavior of a periodic chromatic test with an achromatic Ronchi grating as a background
Authors: Montañana I. Tortajada , Colomer J. Montalvá , Rico M. Aguilar
Published: September 2011

The aim of this article is to study the influence of an achromatic Ronchi grating (white and black stripes) used as a background, over a periodic chromatic test (red or green). Depending on the grating frequency, two parameters were used to study this influence: modulation ratio and grating contrast. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Dual cryptography authentication protocol and its security analysis for radio frequency identification systems
Authors: Ning Huansheng , Liu Hong , Yang Laurence T. , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2011

The open radio frequency identification (RFID) air interface may suffer from severe threats that make security problem become a critical issue for RFID systems and applications. This paper proposes a dual cryptography authentication protocol (DCAP) for RFID systems. DCAP partitions randomly the tag identifier into two partial identifiers that are used in the forward link and in the backward link, respectively. The protocol applies hash function and shared‐key encryption algorithm to safeguard both forward and backward links and provides a three‐round authentication mode on each tag and reader in a session. Then, authentication is carried out by the primary, secondary, and final verifications. For a formal analysis, a graphical method Colored Petri Nets is applied to model and analyze the correctness of DCAP. We prove that the protocol owns tag anonymity and forward security and has the capability to resist major attacks such as replay, reader forgery, and tag forgery. Finally, the performance in terms of storage, communication overhead, and computation load is evaluated to demonstrate that the protocol has modest complexity and high efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐level simultaneous multithreading scheduling to reduce the temperature of register files
Authors: Chen Chih‐Yuan , Ciou Jhong‐Yi , Chang Rong‐Guey
Published: September 2011

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processors can exploit thread‐level parallelism and at the same time exploit instruction‐level parallelism for multiple‐issue, dynamically scheduled processors. As they have been widely used in embedded systems, reducing their highest temperature has become very important. According to our observation, the register file is always one of the hottest parts of an embedded system. Thus, we present a smart scheduling that can cool an SMT processor effectively by controlling the temperatures of its register files without causing significant performance loss. The proposed approach is fourfold, thus allowing an operating system to dynamically adjust the running workloads based on the temperature threshold and the real‐time constraint. Our experiment was performed on the M‐Sim and HotSpot simulators to evaluate the power of functional units and the temperature impact for SMT processors. In contrast with the round‐robin scheduling, the proposed approach can reduce thermal emergency time by 16.1 and 9.38% of the integer register file and the floating point register file, respectively. Moreover, the proposed approach only degrades performance by 8.8%, which is better than the 22.1% of the throttling approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized composition of performance‐aware parallel components
Authors: Kessler C. , Löwe W.
Published: September 2011

We describe the principles of a novel framework for performance‐aware composition of sequential and explicitly parallel software components with implementation variants. Automatic composition results in a table‐driven implementation that, for each parallel call of a performance‐aware component, looks up the expected best implementation variant, processor allocation and schedule given the current problem, and processor group sizes. The dispatch tables are computed off‐line at component deployment time by an interleaved dynamic programming algorithm from time‐prediction meta‐code provided by the component supplier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agent‐based simulation of cooperative defence against botnets
Authors: Kotenko Igor , Konovalov Alexey , Shorov Andrey
Published: September 2011

The paper outlines a framework and software tool intended for simulation of cooperative defence mechanisms against botnets. These framework and software tool are based on agent‐oriented approach and packet‐level network simulation. They are intended to evaluate and compare different cooperative distributed attacks and defence mechanisms. Botnet and defence components are represented in the paper as a set of collaborating and counteracting agent teams. Agents are supposed to collect information from various network sources, operate different situational knowledge, and react to actions of other agents. The paper describes the results of experiments aimed to investigate botnets and distributed denial of service defence mechanisms. We explore various botnet attacks and counteraction against them on the example of defence against distributed denial of service attacks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics of (Ga, In)‐Sb‐O‐Si and impact on dewetting process
Authors: Sylla L. , Duffar T.
Published: September 2011

A thermodynamic study is performed for the systems (Ga or In)‐Sb‐O‐Si in order to better understand the difference observed during dewetting experiments of GaSb and InSb in silica ampoules. Results show that the melts can be considered as non reactive toward silica. When the atmosphere is clean (≤ 1 ppm O2), no oxide is formed, while, under oxidising atmosphere, oxides exist above the melting point of the antimonide and are known to increase the wetting angle of the melt on the crucible. However the temperature range for oxide stability is smaller in the case of InSb and this may explain why dewetting is easy for GaSb in presence of oxygen, while it is difficult for InSb. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural evolution of barite particles using a polymer with double hydrophilic ionic moieties as additive
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Yan Feng‐Wen , Guo Cun‐Yue , Li Fengbo , Yuan Guoqing
Published: September 2011

BaSO4 particles with uniform size distribution were obtained using polymer with double hydrophilic ionic moieties as crystal growth modifier. Based on the difference of the dissociation constant pKa between both functional groups, structural evolution of barium sulfate from spherical aggregates to round tablets was conveniently achieved by merely adjusting the pH values of solution. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the performance and fairness of dynamic channel allocation in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Bakhshi Bahador , Khorsandi Siavash
Published: September 2011

Channel assignment in multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks is a powerful resource management tool to exploit available multiple channels. Channels can be allocated either statically on the basis of long‐term steady state behavior of traffic or dynamically according to actual traffic demands. It is a common belief that dynamic schemes provide better performance; however, these two broad classes of channel allocation schemes have not been compared in detail. In this paper, we quantify the achievable performance gain and fairness improvement through anoptimaldynamic channel allocation scheme. We develop optimal algorithms for a dynamic and three static schemes using mixed integer linear programming and compare them in the context of QoS provisioning, where network performance is measured in terms of acceptance rate of QoS sensitive traffic demands.

Our extensive simulations show that static schemes should optimize channel allocation for long‐term traffic pattern and maintain max–min fairness to achieve acceptable performances. Although the dynamic and max–min fair static schemes accomplish the same fairness, the dynamic channel allocation outperforms the static scheme about 10% in most cases. In heavily overloaded regimes, especially when network resources are scarce, both have comparable performances, and the max–min fair scheme is preferred because it incurs less overhead. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.