bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP AND TNC GLOBAL UNIONS IN THE SOLUTION OF MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Зубков С.А. , Панов А.И.
Published: July 2024

Актуальность исследуемой проблемы обусловлена потребностью изучения роли и места социального партнёрства транснациональных корпораций и профсоюзов в решении современных экологических проблем. Цель статьи заключается в анализе процесса решения экологических проблем, которые являются одним из главных вызовов для современного человечества. Ведущим методом исследования данной проблемы является общие методы диалектического познания социальной действительности, конкретно-исторического подхода, положения социологической науки в целом и отдельных социологических теорий, в частности социологии организации, социологии управления и т. д. В статье представлена структурно-функциональная модель определения роли и места социального партнёрства транснациональных корпораций и профсоюзов в решении современных экологических проблем. Эта модель направлена на решение современных экологических проблем глобальных профсоюзов и ТНК, которые, развивая социальное партнёрство, направляют совместные усилия на защиту окружающей среды.

The urgency of the problem under investigation is conditioned by the need to study the role and place of social partnership of transnational corporations and trade unions in solving modern environmental problems. The purpose of the article is to analyze the process of solving environmental problems, which are one of the main challenges for modern mankind. The leading method of investigating this problem is the general methods of dialectical cognition of social reality, specifically, the historical approach, the positions of sociological science in general, and certain sociological theories, in particular sociology of organization, sociology of management, etc. The article presents a structural and functional model for determining the role and place of social partnership of transnational corporations and trade unions in solving modern environmental problems. This model is aimed at solving modern environmental problems of global unions and TNCs, which, developing social partnership, direct joint efforts to protect the environment
Цифровая аудитория фармацевтического рынка России
Authors: Popova Elizaveta Anatolievna
Published: July 2024

The article describes the key characteristics of the target Internet audience of the Russian pharmaceu- tical market. The author has collected and systematized statistical information on three key audiences of the phar- maceutical market with the use of modern metrics of the description of target audience on the Internet. The study was conducted at three interrelated levels, each of which contains focused data on the topic under consideration - a description of the Internet audience in the world, a description of the Internet audience in Russia, a description of the Internet audience in the Russian pharmaceutical market. Based on the study, it is concluded that the importance of Internet promotion for key market participants and it is assumed that doctors and pharmacists are gradually increasing the use of the Internet in the feld of health, as well as increasing their participation in reliable online medical services for the prevention of diseases.

Статья посвящена описанию ключевых характеристик целевой интернет-аудитории фармацевтического рынка России. Автором была собрана и систематизирована статистическая информация по трем ключевым аудиториям фармацевтического рынка с использованием современных метрик описания целевой аудитории в Интернете. Исследование проводилось на трёх взаимосвязанных уровнях, каждый из которыхсодержитсфокусированныеданныепорассматриваемойтеме-описаниеаудиторииИнтернетавмире, описание аудитории интернета России, описание аудитории интернета фармацевтического рынка России. На основании исследования сделан вывод о важности интернет продвижения для ключевых участников рынка и сделано предположение, что врачи и провизоры постепенно наращивают использование потенциала интернета в области здравоохранения, а также увеличивают свое участие в надежных медицинских онлайн- сервисах с целью профилактики заболеваний.
Blockchain in public debt management
Authors: Ревзон Оксана Анатольевна
Published: July 2024

Актуальностьисследования: статья посвящена применению технологии блокчейн в условиях, характеризующихся масштабным использованием финансовых технологий в различных сферах экономики, в том числе, в финансовой сфере.Цель исследования: цель исследования состоит в определении принципов и особенностей использования технологии блокчейн в различных сферах экономики, в первую очередь, в финансовой сфере.Результаты исследования: в статье определены основные моменты, позволяющие использовать данную технологию в управлении государственным долгом.Практическая значимость: в статье пути повышения эффективности использования данной технологии, с точки зрения экономии бюджетных средств, направляемых на обслуживание государственного долга, рационального использования заемных ресурсов, снижения долговой нагрузки на государство.

Relevance of the study: the article is devoted to the use of blockchain technology in conditions char- acterized by large-scale use of fnancial technologies in various sectors of the economy, including in the fnancial sector.The purpose of the study: the purpose of the study is to determine the principles and features of the use of block- chain technology in various sectors of the economy, primarily in the fnancial sector.Results: the article identifes the main points that allow using this technology in the management of public debt. Practical signifcance: in the article there are ways to increase the efciency of using this technology, in terms of saving budget funds allocated for servicing public debt, rational use of borrowed resources, and reducing the debtburden on the state.
Prospects for the formation of a technological multipolar financial system based on digital financial assets of the Russian Federation
Authors: Тимофеев М.А. , Гужов С.А.
Published: July 2024

Продолжительно небольшой период двадцать первого века сформировал макроэкономические и геополитические дисбалансы, оказывающие существенные давление на мировую денежную систему, основанной на долларах США. Преодоление дисбалансов возможно посредствам формирования многополярной технологической финансовой системы базисом которой являются квантовые технологии, формируемые на территории Российской Федерации. В рамках данного исследования было проанализирована существующая финансовая система, а также предпосылки к эволюции более многополярной денежной системе на базе существующих валют. Выявлена необходимость в государственной поддержке данного проекта в связи с первичными издержками на внедрения инновации. Предложено формирование новой наднациональной учетной единицы и резервного актива посредством запуска: квантовой генерации-эмиссии, отечественной криптобиржи по обращению, дружественного криптохаба на базе отечественного энергетического атомного комплекса.

For a long time, a small period of the twenty-first century has formed macroeconomic and geopolitical imbalances that exert significant pressure on the world monetary system based on US dollars. Overcoming imbalances is possible through the formation of a multipolar technological financial system based on quantum technologies formed on the territory of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of this study, the existing financial system was analyzed, as well as the prerequisites for the evolution of a more multipolar monetary system based on existing currencies. The need for state support of this project in connection with the primary costs of innovation implementation has been identified. The formation of a new supranational accounting unit and a reserve asset is proposed by launching: quantum generation-emission, a domestic crypto exchange for circulation, a friendly crypto hub based on the domestic nuclear energy complex.
Methods for analyzing key success factors
Authors: Ванюшина Н.А.
Published: July 2024

Данная статья посвящена методикам анализа ключевых факторов успеха, которые занимают важное место при формировании стратегии компании. Выявление ключевых факторов успеха позволяет разработать меры по поддержанию конкурентных преимуществ, так как сегодня в условиях неопределенности, вызванной геополитическими факторами, необходимо повышать уровень конкурентоспособности компаний. В основе исследования лежат фундаментальные теоретико-методологические аспекты рассматриваемого вопроса. В статье представлены методики анализа ключевых факторов успеха: SWOT- анализ, PEST-анализ, анализ .Три горизонта роста., GAP- анализ, 5 сил Портера, бенчмаркинг. Данные виды стратегического анализа важно применять в целях построения долгосрочной стратегии и оценки состояния компании. Материалы статьи представляют методологическую значимость для менеджеров высшего звена и руководителей компаний.

This article is devoted to the methods of analyzing the key success factors that occupy an important place in the formation of the company's strategy. Identifying key success factors allows us to develop measures to maintain competitive advantages, because today, in conditions of uncertainty caused by geopolitical factors, it is necessary to increase the level of competitiveness of companies. The research is based on the fundamental theoretical and methodological aspects of the issue under consideration. The article presents methods for analyzing key success factors: SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, "Three Horizons of Growth" analysis, GAP analysis, Porter's 5 forces, benchmarking. It is important to apply these types of strategic analysis in order to build a long-term strategy and assess the state of the company. The materials of the article are of methodological importance for senior managers and company executives. Key words: key success factors, analysis, competitiveness, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, GAP analysis, benchmarking.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BONE-CARVING WASTE IN THE OKOLNY CITY OF SUZDAL (BASED ON THE 2011-2017 EXCAVATION MATERIALS)
Authors: Баранов Н.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье предпринята попытка анализа пространственного распределения находок отходов средневекового косторезного ремесла, собранных в ходе проведения исследований в г. Суздале Владимирской области на раскопах по адресам: ул. Ленина, д. 76; ул. Ленина, д. 82; ул. Теремки, д. 12; ул. Торговая площадь, д. 20 в 2011-2017 гг. Основное внимание уделяется общему количеству находок, их составу, местонахождению (культурный слой / заполнение объекта) и хронологии. Также дается общая характеристика заполнений крупных средневековых котлованов с наибольшими выборками находок пиленой кости и рога.

This paper has attempted to conduct the analysis of spatial distribution of the finds related to medieval bone-carving waste collected by examining the finds from the excavation trenches at Ul. Lenina, 76; Ul. Lenina, 82; Ul. Teremki, 12; Ul. Torgovaya Ploshchad, 20 in the town of Suzdal, Vladimir region, in 2011-2017. The analysis focuses on the total number of the finds, their composition, location (in the cultural deposit / dwelling or structure infill) and chronology. The paper also provides general characteristics of the fill in large medieval foundation pits containing the greatest number of discovered sawn bone and antler.
FOUNDATION STRUCTURES OF THE RUSSIAN FORTRESSES OF THE «ITALIAN CIRCLE» AND BUILDING THEORY OF 16th CENTURY ITALY
Authors: Медведь А.Н.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты сооружения фундаментов в крепостях «итальянского круга» на территории России (Московский Кремль, Китайгородская крепость, Нижегородский кремль, Тульский кремль). Проводится сравнение строительных приемов, использованных при сооружении русских крепостей, и рекомендаций, содержащихся в итальянских трактатах XV-XVI вв. Делается вывод о том, что в ряде случаев строители крепостей в Русском государстве соблюдали рекомендации, содержавшиеся в итальянских трактатах. Иногда эти рекомендации корректировались строителями исходя из конкретной ситуации.

The paper explores various aspects concerning foundation structures in the fortresses of the «Italian circle» in Russia (Moscow Kremlin, Kitai-gorod Fortress, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, and Tula Kremlin). It compares construction techniques used to build Russian fortresses and recommendations provided in Italian treatises of the 15th-16th centuries. This analysis leads the author to conclude that in a number of cases the builders of fortresses in the Russian State followed the recommendations listed in Italian treatises. Sometimes these recommendations were adjusted by builders to a specific situation.
BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING MULTIPLE KURGAN BURIALS ON THE MIDDLE DON FROM THE SCYTHIAN PERIOD
Authors: Нелюбов С.А. , Володин С.А. , Добровольская М.В.
Published: July 2024

Сосуществование одиночных и коллективных подкурганных погребений скифского времени в лесостепном Подонье ставит вопрос о причинах захоронения нескольких людей в одном погребальном сооружении. Используя данные об изотопных маркерах их питания и мобильности, а также о распределении следов травм, мы строим предположения о возможных факторах, которые обусловили посмертное объединение людей. В основу исследования положены сведения о 67 индивидах из коллективных и одиночных погребений могильников Терновое I, Колбино I, Горки I, Девица V Мы констатируем отсутствие снижения изменчивости изотопного состава углерода, азота и стронция внутри каждого из коллективных погребений, а также внутри общих выборок «коллективные погребения» и «одиночные погребения». Таким образом, маркеры образа жизни у людей из коллективных погребений столь же разнообразны, как и у индивидов из одиночных. Обсуждается влияние сезонности и уровня военной агрессии на появление коллективных погребений.

Co-occurrence of single and multiple Scythian burials covered by kurgans that are found in the forest-steppe Don region raises an issue of why several individuals were buried in one funerary construction. Using the data on isotopic signatures of their diet and mobility, distribution of injury marks, we suggest plausible factors explaining burial of several individuals in one grave. This study builds on information concerning 67 individuals from the multiple and single burials at the Ternovoe I, Kolbino I, Gorki I, and Devitsa V cemeteries. We observe a lack of reduced variability in the carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotopic compositions within each of the multiple burials as well as within the «multiple burial» and «single burial» samples. Therefore, these tracers of the mode of life among the individuals from the multiple burials are as much varied as those among the individuals from the single burials. The paper also discusses impact of seasonality and the level of military aggression on appearance of multiple burials.
DENDROHISTORICAL RESEARCH OF MODERN PERIOD SITES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Мыглан В.С. , Баринов В.В. , Тайник А.В. , Наумова О.В. , Филатова М.О. , Дзюба В.В. , Вахнина И.Л. , Жарников З.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Дендрохронологический метод уже более полувека активно используется для изучения деревянного зодчества нашей страны. Однако основные дендро-исторические исследования долгое время были сосредоточены преимущественно на территории европейской части России, и только в начале XXI в. работы за Уралом приобрели масштабный характер. В представленной работе приводятся результаты историко-дендрохронологических исследований на территории Центральной и Восточной Сибири (Красноярский край, Иркутская область, Республика Бурятия, Забайкальский край и Республика Саха). Показано, что историческая дендрохронология в данном регионе достигла значительного прогресса. За последние 20 лет было датировано 136 объектов культурного наследия, включающих памятники археологии, а также оборонного, культового и гражданского зодчества XVII - начала XX в., что позволило перейти на новый уровень обобщения - к построению хронологической типологии памятников деревянного зодчества. В повседневную практику вошли передовые (digital) методы в деле пробоподготовки и измерения параметров годичного кольца.

For more than half a century the dendrochronological method was extensively employed in the studies of wood architecture in our country. However, main dendro-historical research was focused predominantly on the European part of Russia; relevant studies on the area on the other side of the Urals were not performed on a large scale until the early 21st century. This paper presents the results of historical and dendrochronological research carried out in Central and Eastern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk region, Irkutsk region, Republic of Buryatia, Trans-Baikal region, and Republic of Sakha). The paper shows that historical dendrochronology in this region has made substantial progress. Over the past 20 years 136 cultural heritage sites, including archaeological sites as well as defensive, religious and civil construction sites of the 17th - early 20th centuries have been dated, making it possible to make a quantum leap in generalization efforts and proceed to a new task, which is development of chronological typology of wood architecture sites. Digital methods of sample preparation and measurement of annual ring characteristics have been mainstreamed.
The Story of the International Advisory Group Air Navigation Services ANSA
Authors: Fischer Frank W. ,   International Advisory Group Air Navigation Services (ANSA)
Published: July 2024

This document provides a comprehensive historical account of the International Advisory Group - Air Navigation Services (ANSA) and shows the achievements, organizational changes, and contributions to the aviation industry. Established in 1967 by German air traffic controllers from the Rhein Control upper airspace ATC center, ANSA is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving air traffic control systems and procedures. Initially formed to support German air navigation authorities and EUROCONTROL, the group expanded its membership to include experts from over 20 countries. In 1985, ANSA moved its legal seat to Switzerland, continuing its mission to enhance flight safety and modernize ATC systems.
"Amide - amine + alcohol = carboxylic acid." Chemical reactions as linear algebraic analogies in graph neural networks.
Authors: El-Samman Amer , De Baerdemacker Stijn
Published: July 2024

In deep learning methods, especially in the context of chemistry, there is an increasing urgency to uncover the hidden learning mechanisms often dubbed as ``black box." In this work, we show that graph models built on computational chemical data behave similar to natural language processing (NLP) models built on text data. Crucially, we show that atom-embeddings, a.k.a atom-parsed graph neural activation patterns, exhibit arithmetic properties that represent valid reaction formulas. This is very similar to how word-embeddings can be combined to make word analogies, thus preserving the semantic meaning behind the words, as in the famous example ``King" $-$ ``Man" $+$ ``Woman" = ``Queen." For instance, we show how the reaction from an alcohol to a carbonyl is represented by a constant vector in the embedding space, implicitly representing ``-$\text{H}_{2}$," independent from the particular carbonyl reactant and alcohol product. This reveals a highly-structured vector space, wherein the directions in the embedding space are synonymous with chemical changes (ex. the oxidation direction), and distinct chemical changes are orthogonal. In contrast to natural language processing, we can explain the observed chemical analogies using algebraic manipulations on the local chemical composition that surrounds each atom-embedding. Furthermore, the observations find applications in transfer learning, for instance in the formal structure and prediction of atomistic properties, such as $^{1}$H-NMR and $^{13}$C-NMR. This work is in line with the recent push for interpretable explanations to graph neural network modeling of chemistry and uncovers a latent model of chemistry that is highly structured, consistent, and analogous to chemical syntax.
The Effect of Pore Functionality in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks on Stable Long-term Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: DAS PRASENJIT , Chakraborty Gouri , Yang Jin , Roeser Jérôme , Küçükkeçeci Hüseyin , Nguyen Anh Dung , Schwarze Michael , Gabriel Jose , Penschke Christopher , Du Shengjun , Weigelt Vincent , Khalil Islam E. , Schmidt Johannes , Saalfrank Peter , Oschatz Martin , Rabeah Jabor , Schomäcker Reinhard , Emmerling Franziska , Thomas Arne
Published: July 2024

In nature, organic molecules play a vital role in light harvesting and photosynthesis. However, regarding artificial water splitting, the research focus is primarily on inorganic semiconductors. Although organic photocatalysts have high structural variability, they tend to exhibit lower quantum efficiencies for water splitting than their inorganic counterparts. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer an attractive route to introduce different functional units into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and enable semiconducting properties and high chemical stability, creating promising materials for long-term photocatalytic applications, such as H2 production. Herein we present several highly crystalline donor-acceptor based, 4-substituted quinoline-linked MCR-COFs prepared via the three-component Povarov reaction. The pore functionality was varied by applying different vinyl derivatives (e.g. styrene, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinyl imidazole, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene), which has a strong influence on the obtained photocatalytic activity. Especially an imidazole-functionalized COF displayed high photocatalytic performance due to its high surface area, crystallinity, and wettability. These properties enable it to maintain its photocatalytic activity even in a membrane support. Furthermore, such MCR-COFs display dramatically enhanced (photo)chemical stability even after long-term solar light irradiation and exhibit a high and steady H2 evolution for at least 15 days.
Classical Density Functional Theory as a Fast and Accurate Method for Adsorption Property Prediction of Porous Materials
Authors: Dufour-Décieux Vincent , Rehner Philipp , Schilling Johannes , Moubarak Elias , Gross Joachim , Bardow André
Published: July 2024

Physical adsorption separation is vital for many industrial processes, prompting researchers to develop new materials for energy-efficient processes. Porous adsorbent materials are of particular interest due to their diverse design possibilities and computational screening has accelerated the search for optimal materials. Classical density functional theory (cDFT) has recently been used as a faster alternative to state-of-the-art computational methods for screening of porous materials. However, extensive validation of cDFT predictions has not been performed for many materials, in a wide range of conditions, and with guest molecules exhibiting strong Coulombic interactions. In this paper, we validate the cDFT predictions by calculating the adsorption properties for more than 500 Metal-Organic Frameworks with three adsorbate molecules (CH4, N2, and CO2) and comparing them to state-of-the-art results from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. For CO2, we introduce the computation of Coulombic interactions between the MOF and the molecule, which are necessary to accurately describe this system. Our results demonstrate cDFT's ability to accurately replicate GCMC adsorption isotherms and enthalpies of adsorption while needing a median time of only 6 minutes per material. These features position cDFT as a serious candidate for adsorption properties estimations of porous materials for a wide range of physical adsorption-based processes.
Entrevista com Denise Stoklos
Authors: Luca Borja de Lima Denise Stoklos e
Published: July 2024

Entrevista com Denise Stoklos
Pós-Graduação
Authors: Rodas Hugo
Published: July 2024

Reflexões de Hugo Rodas a partir de sua experiência de trabalhar como professor em pós-graduação na Universidade de Brasília.
Retrospective Analysis of Coagulation Abnormalities in Patients with Different Types of M-proteinemia
Authors: Meng Yanan , Cao Kaixuan , Lin Meilin
Published: July 2024

M protein (MP) is an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells or B lymphocytes which is very homogeneous in amino acid composition and sequence. Clinically, it can be seen in a variety of haematological diseases. This paper compares the coagulation indexes of patients with different types of M-proteinemia and patients with different levels of M proteins and observe the effects of different types and levels of M-proteinemia on the coagulation results. Different types of M-proteinemia were classified in 103 patients and the coagulation indexes of the patients were analyzed. Aim: To analyze the correlation between M proteins and coagulation function by analyzing the effects of different M-proteinemia patients’ serum globulin types and contents on their indicators reflecting different coagulation functions. Methods: 103 patients with an initial diagnosis of M protein abnormality were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, and the results of their coagulation, liver function, and serum protein electrophoresis were collected to compare the coagulation function between patients with different types of M-proteinemia and between patients with the same type of M-proteinemia with different levels of M proteins and to analyze the correlation between them and the content of M proteins. Results: The differences in prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB) between the heavy-chain group (including IgG, IgA and IgM groups) and the light-chain group were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and PT in the heavy-chain group were higher than those in the light-chain group. The difference of PT, TT and FIB between the M proteins > 30g /L group and M protein ≤ 30g/L group was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the high M protein group PT and TT were higher than the other group while FIB was lower than the other group as there was no statistically significant difference of APTT comparing between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the M protein > 30 group, the mean values of PT and TT exceeded the upper limit of the reference interval, which had some clinical significance. Conclusion: There are some differences in the effect of different M protein types on PT and FIB results in patients with M-proteinemia, and the amount of serum M protein in patients has an effect on coagulation results.
The Educational Environment as a Factor in the Professional Guidance of Disabled University Students
Authors: Danilova M. R.
Published: July 2024

The paper examines how the educational environment affects the career path and challenges faced by students with disabilities in university. It also provides practical recommendations for improving inclusive education. Professional selfdetermination of disabled young people is currently difficult to resolve. In modern Russia, citizens with disabilities remain a special category that is not sufficiently included in social processes, despite various attempts by the state agencies to resolve the current situation. In today’s world, higher education institutions have implemented various strategies to support students in discovering their career goals and acquiring vital skills and knowledge. These efforts aim to enhance their competitiveness in the job market, unleash their potential, enable self-realization, and facilitate integration into different social settings. However, many practices are ineffective. As a part of the sociological study, a mass survey of disabled students in Moscow’s higher educational institutions was conducted. Additionally, specialists in higher education who have authored scientific works on the education of students with special educational needs at the university were interviewed by the research team.
Risks of trust deficit in the system of economic relations
Authors: Rogach O. V.
Published: July 2024

The article uses an expert survey (interview) of specialists, the study of statistical reporting and the forecasting method to analyze risks and assess the consequences of a lack of trust in economic relations. As a result, the author concludes that a lack of trust initiates the development of deviant models of economic behavior. The rupture of social ties, the crisis of institutional conditions, and the erosion of the reputational capital importance reduce the willingness of economic agents to comply with guarantees of conscientious fulfillment of obligations. In the current conditions, stabilization of economic relations can be achieved by increasing general trust in society and creating institutional conditions for the formation of predictability of actions of economic entities. To compensate for the risks of trust in the international arena, new channels for conducting foreign economic activity should be developed. Moreover, updated logistics chains should be built.
Architektura niechciana w powiecie gdańskim i Pruszczu Gdańskim w latach 1920–1956
Authors: Barganowska-Olbryś Magdalena , Gondek Bartosz , Kozłow Marek
Published: July 2024

Autorzy artykułu ukazują nieopisany dotąd fenomen ideowo‑budowlany, mający miejsce na terenie powiatu gdańskiego i Pruszcza Gdańskiego. Wspomniany region był w latach w latach 1920–1956 poligonem doświadczalnym dla modelowych założeń architektonicznych III Rzeszy i socrealizmu, stworzonych w celu implementowania ich na tereny podmiejskie. W publikacji autorzy wskazują szereg obiektów, które w dotychczasowych badaniach tzw. Architektury niechcianej na terenie Wolnego Miasta Gdańska i Pomorza, były traktowane marginalnie lub pomijane, nadając im właściwy kontekst znaczeniowy. Ponadto w artykule znajdują się szczegółowe opracowania form architektonicznych będących nawiązaniem do tradycji danego regionu, a także ich funkcji użytkowej dla dwóch omawianych doktryn.
Prediction of Stochastic Transportation Problem with Fixed Charge in Multi-Objective Rough Interval Environment
Authors: Indira P. , Jayalakshmi M.
Published: July 2024

Many problems appear to be arising in the present as a result of variations in transportation networks. The stochastic fixed-charge transportation problem (SFCTP) is one such problem. The SFCTP is transformed into a chance-constrained programming (CCP) problem where supply and demand are stochastic and objective functions are in a rough interval. In this model, to analyze the multi-objective rough interval stochastic fixed-charge transportation problem (MORISFCTP), where the objective function coefficients are represented by rough intervals and the supply and destination factors are probabilistic constraints. This model operates an expected value operator to deal with uncertainty, in which the coefficient of the objective functions in the fuzzy is changed to a crisp form, and the probabilistic constraints are converted to a deterministic form by the Weibull distribution. To produce the optimal compromise solutions of the proposed model, three distinct methods are used: the fuzzy programming approach, the method of a linear weighted sum, and the €-constraint method. Lastly, the paper delivers a practical illustration of a MORISFCTP to demonstrate the usefulness and feasibility of the suggested methodology.
Assessment of the feed additive consisting of calcium D‐pantothenate for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (BASF SE)
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Bampidis Vasileios , Azimonti Giovanna , Bastos Maria de Lourdes , Christensen Henrik , Durjava Mojca , Dusemund Birgit , Kouba Maryline , López‐Alonso Marta , López Puente Secundino , Marcon Francesca , Mayo Baltasar , Pechová Alena , Petkova Mariana , Ramos Fernando , Villa Roberto Edoardo , Woutersen Ruud , Galobart Jaume , Holczknecht Orsolya , Pizzo Fabiola , Vettori Maria Vittoria , Radovnikovic Anita
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of calcium D‐pantothenate for the renewal of its authorisation as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. The additive calcium D‐pantothenate is already authorised for use in all animal species (3a841). The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of the authorisation and that the production process has not been modified. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumers and the environment. Calcium D‐pantothenate is not irritant to skin and eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. The present application for renewal of the authorisation does not include any modification proposal that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive, and therefore, there is no need for re‐assessing the efficacy.
Avian influenza overview March–June 2024
Authors:   European Food Safety Authority, Alexakis Leonidas , Fusaro Alice , Kuiken Thijs , Mirinavičiūtė Gražina , Ståhl Karl , Staubach Christoph , Svartström Olov , Terregino Calogero , Willgert Katriina , Delacourt Roxane , Goudjihounde Sonagnon Martin , Grant Malin , Tampach Stefania , Kohnle Lisa ,   European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,   European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Between 16 March and 14 June 2024, 42 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (15) and wild (27) birds across 13 countries in Europe. Although the overall number of detections in Europe has not been this low since the 2019–2020 epidemiological year, HPAI viruses continue to circulate at a very low level. Most detections in poultry were due to indirect contact with wild birds, but there was also secondary spread. Outside Europe, the HPAI situation intensified particularly in the USA, where a new A(H5N1) virus genotype (B3.13) has been identified in >130 dairy herds in 12 states. Infection in cattle appears to be centred on the udder, with milk from infected animals showing high viral loads and representing a new vehicle of transmission. Apart from cattle, HPAI viruses were identified in two other mammal species (alpaca and walrus) for the first time. Between 13 March and 20 June 2024, 14 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from Vietnam (one A(H5N1), one A(H9N2)), Australia (with travel history to India, one A(H5N1)), USA (three A(H5N1)), China (two A(H5N6), three A(H9N2), one A(H10N3)), India (one A(H9N2)), and Mexico (one fatal A(H5N2) case). The latter case was the first laboratory‐confirmed human infection with avian influenza virus subtype A(H5N2). Most of the human cases had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no human‐to‐human transmission has been observed. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low‐to‐moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.
Pest categorisation of Matsucoccus matsumurae
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Bragard Claude , Baptista Paula , Chatzivassiliou Elisavet , Di Serio Francesco , Gonthier Paolo , Jaques Miret Josep Anton , Justesen Annemarie Fejer , Magnusson Christer Sven , Milonas Panagiotis , Navas‐Cortes Juan A. , Parnell Stephen , Potting Roel , Reignault Philippe Lucien , Stefani Emilio , Thulke Hans‐Hermann , Van der Werf Wopke , Vicent Civera Antonio , Yuen Jonathan , Zappalà Lucia , Grégoire Jean‐Claude , Malumphy Chris , Gobbi Alex , Kertesz Virag , Maiorano Andrea , Sfyra Oresteia , Stergulc Fabio , MacLeod Alan
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Matsucoccus matsumurae (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae), the Massonian pine bast scale, for the EU territory. This pest categorisation was initiated following the commodity risk assessment of artificially dwarfed plants from China consisting of Pinus parviflora (Japanese white pine) grafted on P. thunbergii (Japanese black pine) performed by EFSA, in which M. matsumurae was identified as a pest of possible concern. However, its identity is not firmly established due to uncertainty regarding its taxonomic relationship with Matsucoccus pini (Green), a species widespread in Europe. M. matsumurae occurs in western China and has been reported as a pest of P. massoniana (Chinese red pine) and P. thunbergii. These hosts occur in the EU as ornamental/amenity trees. Other scales in the Matsucoccus genus feed on a variety of Pinus species and the host range of M. matsumurae could be wider than is currently recorded. The scale has one or two generations per year. All stages occur on the branches and stems of hosts with developing nymphs and adult females feeding through the bark on host phloem vessels. Symptoms include the yellowing/browning of host needles, early needle drop, desiccation of shoots and bark necrosis. The most serious infestations occur in hosts that are 8–25 years old and there can be some host mortality. In principle, host plants for planting and plant products such as cut branches and wood with bark could provide entry pathways into the EU. However, prohibitions on the import of Pinus from non‐European third countries regulate these pathways. In China, M. matsumurae occurs in regions with temperate humid conditions and hot summers. These conditions are also found in parts of southern EU. Were M. matsumurae to establish in the EU, it is conceivable that it could expand its host range; however, this remains uncertain. Some uncertainty exists over the magnitude of potential impacts. M. matsumurae satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest, assuming M. pini is not a synonym, which is a key uncertainty.
TINJAUAN NILAI BAKAR LIMBAH SEKAM PADI DAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KUSEN PADA PEMBUATAN BRIKET MENGGUNAKAN PERBANDINGAN VARIASI LEM K DAN KANJI SEBAGAI PEREKAT
Authors: Anggraini Dea Riski , Bahri Syamsul , Kurniawan Eddy , Muhammad Muhammad , Dewi Rozanna
Published: July 2024

Karena kelangkaan sumber daya alam, pengembangan energi alternatif menjadi penting saat ini. Pemanfaatan energi biomassa merupakan salah satu cara pemanfaatan energi alternatif. Pada penelitian ini bahan baku biomassa adalah limbah sekam padi dan gerobak kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan briket dengan nilai mutu sesuai SNI briket. Perekat yang dipakai untuk penelitian ini adalah lem K dan tapioka dengan presentasi lem masing-masing 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya dan hanya terfokus pada satu lem. Yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah membandingkan kedua lem tersebut. Briket arang diproduksi dengan menggunakan metode karbonisasi untuk mengubah bahan baku alami menjadi karbon dengan membakar bahan baku untuk menghilangkan kandungan karbon dan zat lain yang tidak membutuhkan arang. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji kedekatan, uji nilai kalor dan uji bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing briket terbaik memiliki 10 persen. Untuk briket dengan lem K, jumlah yang dinyatakan adalah 3,688%, abu 3,03%, bahan mudah menguap 10,75%, karbon 82,532%, nilai kalor 5250,48 kal/g dan indeks bahan bakar tidak kurang dari 0,2204 g. Untuk briket dengan lem kanji sebesar 5,834%, abu 3,048%, zat terbang 11,22%, karbon tetap 79,898%, nilai kalor 5673,36 cal/g dan laju pembakaran. dari 0,4212 g/mnt. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, briket dari sekam padi dan limbah industry kusen dengan lem dan kanji dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN WAKTU PENYANGRAIAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI COKLAT BUBUK
Authors: Safrida Riana , Meriatna Meriatna , Muhammad Muhammad , Muarif Agam , ZA Nasrul , Zulmiardi Zulmiardi
Published: July 2024

Bubuk cokelat merupakan produk bahan pangan yang biasa diolah menjadi makanan dan minuman. Bubuk cokelat merupakan salah satu olahan biji kakao yang banyak diminati industri. Bubuk cokelat terbuat dari biji kakao yang dipisahkan dari mentega kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan waktu penyangraian terhadap produksi coklat bubuk. Penelitian ini telah banyak dilakukan sebelumnya dan penelitian yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah pengaruh waktu fermentasi  selama 10 hari dan variasi waktu penyangrain selama 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 menit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Ekstraksi, gravimetri, dan spektrofotometri UV/VIS.  Hasil analisa kandungan asam lemak coklat bubuk fermentasi pada waktu penyangraian 50 menit yaitu 1,40gr, pada coklat bubuk fermentasi pada waktu penyangraian 50 menit yaitu 2,44gr. Kandungan kadar air coklat bubuk tanpa fermentasi dengan waktu penyangraian 10 menit yaitu 0,32gr dan kadar air coklat bubuk fermentasi dengan waktu penyangraian 10 menit yaitu 3,76gr. Kadar pH coklat bubuk tanpa fermentasi berkisar 6,6-6,7 dan pH coklat bubuk fermentasi berkisar 6,4 – 6,5. Kadar polifenol terbaik yaitu pada coklat bubuk tanpa fermentasi dengan waktu penyangrain 10 menit yaitu 20,31mg/gr.
PEMBUATAN BIOKOMPOSIT KITOSAN-PATI KENTANG UNTUK APLIKASI PEMBALUT LUKA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN CaCO3 SEBAGAI FILLER
Authors: Safira Riska Dwi , Suryati Suryati , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Muhammad Muhammad , Hakim Lukman , Hasfita Fikri
Published: July 2024

Balutan luka (Wound dressing) adalah tindakan yang dilakukan untuk melindungi dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Pembalut luka primer merupakan produk yang berupa lapisan tipis yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung luka yang memiliki beberapa karakteristik biokompotabilitas, toksisitas rendah, aktivitas anti bakteri dan kestablian kimia yang baik sehingga dapat mempercepat penyembuhan.Pembalut luka yang ideal harus mampu menciptakan kondisi lembab, mengontrol eksudat, menjaga stabilitas tubuh, dan melindungi dari infeksi. Selain itu, kebutuhan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan jejak karbon dari bahan sintetis mendorong pengembangan pembalut luka yang bersifat ramah ligkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan pati kentang sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan biokomposit untuk aplikasi pembalut luka serta menganalisis efek dari penambahan filler kalsium karbonat (CaCO 3 ) pada sifat fisik dan mekanik biokomposit . Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah dengan membuat biokomposit kitosan-pati kentang untuk aplikasi pembalut luka dengan penambahan CaCO3 sebagai filler . Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari persiapan bahan baku, tahap pengolahan biokomposit serta tahap pengujian. Pada uji ketebalan biokomposit berhan pati kentang dan kitosan dengan penambahan CaCO 3 yang terbaik yaitu pada variasi komposisi pati kentang-kitosan 80.20 % dan CaCO 3 9 % sebesar 0,0035 mm. Pada uji pembengkakan nilai persen pembengkakan tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi pati kentang-kitosan 40:60% dengan CaCO 3 6% yaitu sebesar 249,54%. Pada uji absorpsi peresentase absorpsi biokomposit berbahan pati kentang-kitosan-CaCO 3 yang paling baik yaitu pada variasi komposi 40:60 dengan CaCO 3 6% yaitu sebesar 72.088%. H asil analisa gugus fungsi (FTIR) yang terkandung pada biokomposit menunjukkan hasil gugus fungsi OH, CH dan CO Gugus fungsi OH dan gugus fungsi CO yang menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka cenderung bersifat hidrofilik dan gugus tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka tersebut mudah terdegredasi dan ramah lingkungan. Kemudian untuk hasil analisa jumlah bakteri hasil yang baik ada pada variasi komposisi 80:20% CaCO3 4% dimana jumlah bakteri 7 count.
PENGARUH JENIS MINYAK NABATI TERHADAP SINTESIS BIODIESEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS DARI CANGKANG TELUR
Authors: Yusri Wilda Azizah , Mulyawan Rizka , Nurlaila Rizka , Fibarzi Wiza Ulfa , Suryati Suryati
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas sintesis biodiesel dari minyak kemiri sunan, minyak jarak, dan minyak biji mimba melalui reaksi transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis CaO dari cangkang telur. Pengaruh variasi massa katalis dan jenis minyak nabati terhadap yield, densitas, viskositas, angka asam, dan kadar air biodiesel dievaluasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa yield tertinggi tercapai pada 3 gram katalis untuk semua jenis minyak. Densitas dan viskositas biodiesel meningkat dengan penambahan katalis, tetapi masih memenuhi standar SNI. Angka asam dan kadar air juga sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan komposisi senyawa metil ester yang sesuai dengan asam lemak pada minyak biji mimba. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah Menganalisis pengaruh  jenis minyak nabati terhadap karakteristik biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang potensi penggunaan katalis CaO dari limbah cangkang telur dalam sintesis biodiesel dan memberikan solusi alternatif energi yang berkelanjutan.
Pengaruh Temperatur dan Waktu Terhadap Karakteristik Pektin dari Campuran Kulit Pisang Kepok dan Kulit Rambutan Menggunakan Pelarut Asam Asetat
Authors: Puteri Febbyola , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Kurniawan Eddy , Muhammad Muhammad , Kamar Iqbal
Published: July 2024

Pektin yaitu senyawa hidrokoloid yang sering digunakan pada industri makanan dan minuman, banyak digunakan sebagai penstabil dalam industri farmasi dan makanan karena kemampuan untuk membentuk koloid dan gel dalam larutan. Permintaan pektin di Indonesia terus meningkat. Sayangnya, limbah kulit pisang kepok dan kulit rambutan masih banyak yang tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kulit pisang kepok seringkali hanya dianggap sebagai sampah organik atau digunakan sebagai pakan ternak, sementara kulit rambutan meskipun dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar akibat konsumsi masyarakat, umumnya hanya dibuang begitu saja tanpa pengolahan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan waktu terhadap karakteristik pektin dari campuran kulit pisang kepok dan kulit rambutan menggunakan pelarut asam asetat. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini melibatkan pelarut CH3COOH. Setelah itu, selama dua puluh jam, endapan pektin ditambahkan dengan etanol 96% untuk mengurangi residu asam. Endapan kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven selama tiga jam pada suhu 105oC untuk menghasilkan pektin kering. Variabel tetap penelitian ini adalah berat bubuk sampel sebesar 30 gram dan volume pelarut sebanyak 300 ml. Sementara itu, varibel yang divariasikan adalah temperatur (70oC, 80oC, 90oC, 100oC, dan 110oC) dan waktu (30 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit, 120 menit, dan 150 menit). Yield, kadar air, berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat, dan derajat esterifikasi adalah karakteristik pektin yang dipelajari. Menurut hasil penelitian, suhu dan waktu ekstraksi memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap hasil pektin. Suhu ekstraksi yang lebih tinggi dan durasi ekstraksi yang lebih lama menunjukkan bahwa rendemen, kadar metoksil, dan kadar galakturonat akan meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini mencakup rendemen pektin tertinggi 9,296%, kadar air terendah sebesar 9,555%, kadar metoksil tertiggi sebesar 6,262%, dan kadar galakturonat tertinggi sebesar 66,880%.