bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study and expression of candidate genes for Fe and Zn concentration in sorghum grains
Authors: Thakur Niranjan Ravindra , Gorthy Sunita , Vemula AnilKumar , Odeny Damaris A. , Ruperao Pradeep , Sargar Pramod Ramchandra , Mehtre Shivaji Pandurang , Kalpande Hirakant V. , Habyarimana Ephrem
Published: June 2024

Sorghum germplasm showed grain Fe and Zn genetic variability, but a few varieties were biofortified with these minerals. This work contributes to narrowing this gap. Fe and Zn concentrations along with 55,068 high-quality GBS SNP data from 140 sorghum accessions were used in this study. Both micronutrients exhibited good variability with respective ranges of 22.09–52.55 ppm and 17.92–43.16 ppm. Significant marker-trait associations were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5. Two major effect SNPs (S01_72265728 and S05_58213541) explained 35% and 32% of Fe and Zn phenotypic variance, respectively. The SNP S01_72265728 was identified in the cytochrome P450 gene and showed a positive effect on Fe accumulation in the kernel, while S05_58213541 was intergenic near Sobic.005G134800 (zinc-binding ribosomal protein) and showed negative effect on Zn. Tissue-specific in silico expression analysis resulted in higher levels of Sobic.003G350800 gene product in several tissues such as leaf, root, flower, panicle, and stem. Sobic.005G188300 and Sobic.001G463800 were expressed moderately at grain maturity and anthesis in leaf, root, panicle, and seed tissues. The candidate genes expressed in leaves, stems, and grains will be targeted to improve grain and stover quality. The haplotypes identified will be useful in forward genetics breeding.
Segmentation of THz holograms for homogenous illumination
Authors: Surma Mateusz , Kaluza Mateusz , Komorowski Paweł , Siemion Agnieszka
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the hologram segmentation method for homogeneous illumination. Research focuses on improving the uniformity of the illumination obtained from diffractive optical elements in the THz range. The structures are designed with a modified Ping-Pong algorithm and a neural network-based solution. This method allows for the improvement of uniform illumination distribution with the desired shape. Additionally, the phase modulations of the structures are divided into segments, each responsible for imaging at different distances. Various segment combination methods are investigated, differing in shapes, image plane distances, and illumination types. The obtained image intensity maps allow for the identification of the performance of each combination method. Each of the presented structures shows significant improvements in the uniformity of imaged targets compared to the reference Ping-Pong structure. The presented structures were designed for a narrow band case—260 GHz frequency, which corresponds to 1.15 mm wavelength. The application of diffractive structures for homogenization of illumination shows promise. The created structures perform designed beamforming task with variability of intensity improved up to 23% (standard deviation) or 45% (interquartile range) compared with reference structure.
Effects of aircraft operating fluids and environmental thermal fatigue on fly ash and steel slag based cementitious composites
Authors: Tangirala Aniruddha , Rawat S. , Lahoti Mukund
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the performance of concrete incorporating high-volume fly ash (HVFA) and steel slag aggregates against the detrimental effects of combined cycles of environmental thermal fatigue and exposure to leaked aircraft fluids. A total of 128 cubes and 90 prisms were cast for five mixes and exposed to 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 combined cycles. The results demonstrate the positive effect of utilization of HVFA which reduces the total amount of portlandite available in the system. The SS aggregates demonstrate a strong interlocking with the surrounding matrix and supply the necessary portlandite for continued pozzolanic reaction. However, their reaction with aircraft fluids causes significant degradation to flexural strength initially, which is redeemed by pozzolanic reaction at a later stage. Hybrid basalt and polypropylene fibres were successful in enhancing the flexural strength and reducing the cracking. The mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed a reduction in pore volume because of HVFA. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were also employed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of damage and assess the performance of the cementitious composite.
Surface modification of XSe (X = Cu and Ag) monolayers by grope 1 elements: A metal to semiconductor transition by a first-principles perspective
Authors: Bafekry A. , Faraji M. , Khan S. Hasan , Fadlallah M. M. , Jappor H. R. , Shokri B. , Ghergherehchi M. , Chang Gap Soo
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials can be effectively functionalized by chemically modified using doping. Very recently, a flat AgSe monolayer was successfully prepared through direct selenization of the Ag(111) surface. Besides, the results indicate that the AgSe monolayer like CuSe, has a honeycomb lattice. Motivated by the experimental outcomes, in this work, employing first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic and optical properties of AgSe and CuSe monolayers, as well as the impact of alkali metals (Li, Na and K). Without functionalization, both the CuSe and AgSe monolayers exhibit metallic characteristics. The Li (Na)-CuSe and Na (K)-AgSe systems are dynamically stable while, the K- and Li-CuSe and Li-AgSe are dynamically unstable. Interestingly, the functionalized CuSe system with Li and Na atom as well as AgSe with K and Na atom, can open the band gaps, leading to the actualization of metal to semiconductor transitions. Our results show that, the electronic characteristics of the Na-CuSe/AgSe system can be modulated by adjusting the adsorption heights, which gives rise to the change in the electronic properties and the band gap may be controlled. Furthermore, from the optical properties we can find that the K-AgSe system is the best candidate monolayer to absorb infrared radiation and visible light. Consequently, our findings shed light on the functionalization of 2D materials based CuSe and AgSe monolayers and can potentially enhance and motivate studies in producing these monolayers for current nanodevices and future applications.
A molecular subtyping associated with the cGAS-STING pathway provides novel perspectives on the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wang Chen , Gao Xin , Li Yanchen , Li Chenyang , Ma Zhimin , Sun Donglei , Liang Xiaonan , Zhang Xiaolan
Published: June 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by an abnormal immune response, and the pathogenesis lacks clear understanding. The cGAS-STING pathway is an innate immune signaling pathway that plays a significant role in various pathophysiological processes. However, the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in UC remains largely unclear. In this study, we obtained transcriptome sequencing data from multiple publicly available databases. cGAS-STING related genes were obtained through literature search, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R package limma. Hub genes were identified through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and module construction. The ConsensuClusterPlus package was utilized to identify molecular subtypes based on hub genes. The therapeutic response, immune microenvironment, and biological pathways of subtypes were further investigated. A total of 18 DEGs were found in UC patients. We further identified IFI16, MB21D1 (CGAS), TMEM173 (STING) and TBK1 as the hub genes. These genes are highly expressed in UC. IFI16 exhibited the highest diagnostic value and predictive value for response to anti-TNF therapy. The expression level of IFI16 was higher in non-responders to anti-TNF therapy. Furthermore, a cluster analysis based on genes related to the cGAS-STING pathway revealed that patients with higher gene expression exhibited elevated immune burden and inflammation levels. This study is a pioneering analysis of cGAS-STING pathway-related genes in UC. These findings provide new insights for the diagnosis of UC and the prediction of therapeutic response.
MNT inhibits lung adenocarcinoma ferroptosis and chemosensitivity by suppressing SAT1
Authors: Zhao Guangyin , Liang Jiaqi , Zhang Yuchen , Shan Guangyao , Bian Yunyi , Gu Jie , Zhan Cheng , Ge Di
Published: June 2024

Ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, plays a vital role in both tumor proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Here, our study demonstrates that MAX’s Next Tango (MNT), by involving itself in the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1)-related ferroptosis pathway, promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and diminishes their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Initially, an RNA-sequence screen of LUAD cells treated with ferroptosis inducers (FINs) reveals a significant increase in MNT expression, suggesting a potential link between MNT and ferroptosis. Overexpression of MNT in LUAD cells hinders changes associated with ferroptosis. Moreover, the upregulation of MNT promotes cell proliferation and suppresses chemotherapy sensitivity, while the knockdown of MNT has the opposite effect. Through the intersection of ChIP-Seq and ferroptosis-associated gene sets, and validation by qPCR and western blot, SAT1 is identified as a potential target of MNT. Subsequently, we demonstrate that MNT binds to the promoter sequence of SAT1 and suppresses its transcription by ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase assays. Restoration of SAT1 levels antagonizes the efficacy of MNT to inhibit ferroptosis and chemosensitivity and promote cell growth in vitro as well as in vivo. In the clinical context, MNT expression is elevated in LUAD and is inversely connected with SAT1 expression. High MNT expression is also associated with poor patient survival. Our research reveals that MNT inhibits ferroptosis, and impairing chemotherapy effectiveness of LUAD.
Decommissioned open-pit mines are potential geothermal sources of heating or cooling for nearby population centres
Authors: Carcamo-Medel Mauricio , Fuentes Raul , Narsilio Guillermo
Published: June 2024

In the shift to cleaner technologies, coal thermal power plants and mines will be decommissioned earlier than planned. These open-pit coal mines show potential as a geothermal source/sink for space heating and cooling, yet this post-closure use option remains unexplored. Here, we assess the techno-economic feasibility of providing heating and cooling using a decommissioned mine pit as a source or sink of heat for nearby population centres. Mixed integer quadratically constrained programming is employed for operational optimisation. The results show that thermal provisioning, considering centralised and decentralised arrangements, is economically competitive under specific scenarios regarding commodities prices, thermal demands and pit source temperature. Notably, a higher pit temperature reduces the overall thermal provisioning costs for residential thermal demands. Improvements in the economics due to transmission pipeline insulation are limited. While an expected decline in the system lifecycle costs occurs for decreasing electricity prices, the results highlight that the relative economic competitiveness of the thermal systems is tied to the individual alternatives’ performance at the same commodities prices. Overall, this paper identifies general conditions for techno-economic competitiveness for the implementation of shallow geothermal systems in the context of mine closure.
Assessing rates and predictors of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms across observational, experimental and medical research
Authors: Schoeler Tabea , Baldwin Jessie R. , Martin Ellen , Barkhuizen Wikus , Pingault Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2024

Cannabis, one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide, can give rise to acute cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms (CAPS). While distinct study designs have been used to examine CAPS, an overarching synthesis of the existing findings has not yet been carried forward. To that end, we quantitatively pooled the evidence on rates and predictors of CAPS (k = 162 studies, n = 210,283 cannabis-exposed individuals) as studied in (1) observational research, (2) experimental tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) studies, and (3) medicinal cannabis research. We found that rates of CAPS varied substantially across the study designs, given the high rates reported by observational and experimental research (19% and 21%, respectively) but not medicinal cannabis studies (2%). CAPS was predicted by THC administration (for example, single dose, Cohen’s d = 0.7), mental health liabilities (for example, bipolar disorder, d = 0.8), dopamine activity (d = 0.4), younger age (d = −0.2), and female gender (d = −0.09). Neither candidate genes (for example, COMT, AKT1) nor other demographic variables (for example, education) predicted CAPS in meta-analytical models. The results reinforce the need to more closely monitor adverse cannabis-related outcomes in vulnerable individuals as these individuals may benefit most from harm-reduction efforts.
Emerging paradigms in microwave imaging technology for biomedical applications: unleashing the power of artificial intelligence
Authors: Khalid Nazish , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia
Published: June 2024

In recent years, microwave imaging (MWI) has emerged as a non-ionizing and cost-effective modality in healthcare, specifically within medical imaging. Concurrently, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly augmented the capabilities of medical imaging tools. This paper explores the intersection of these two domains, focusing on the integration of AI algorithms into MWI techniques to elevate accuracy and overall performance. Within the scope of existing literature, representative prior works are compared concerning the application of AI in both the “MWI for Healthcare Applications" and “Artificial Intelligence Assistance In MWI" sections. This comparative analysis sheds light on the diverse approaches employed to enhance the synergy between AI and MWI. While highlighting the state-of-the-art technology in MWI and its historical context, this paper delves into the historical taxonomy of AI-assisted MWI, elucidating the evolution of intelligent systems within this domain. Moreover, it critically examines prominent works, providing a nuanced understanding of the advancements and challenges encountered. Addressing the limitations and challenges inherent in developing AI-assisted MWI systems like Generalization to different conditions, Generalization to different conditions, etc the paper offers a brief synopsis of these obstacles, emphasizing the importance of overcoming them for robust and reliable results in actual clinical environments. Finally, the paper not only underscores the current advancements but also anticipates future innovations and developments in utilizing AI for MWI applications in healthcare.
Non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons
Authors: Nakata Kouki , Suzuki Kei
Published: June 2024

There has been a growing interest in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The key concepts of quantum mechanics are quantum fluctuations. Quantum fluctuations of quantum fields confined in a finite-size system induce the zero-point energy shift. This quantum phenomenon, the Casimir effect, is one of the most striking phenomena of quantum mechanics in the sense that there are no classical analogs and has been attracting much attention beyond the hierarchy of energy scales, ranging from elementary particle physics to condensed matter physics, together with photonics. However, the non-Hermitian extension of the Casimir effect and the application to spintronics have not yet been investigated enough, although exploring energy sources and developing energy-efficient nanodevices are its central issues. Here we fill this gap. By developing a magnonic analog of the Casimir effect into non-Hermitian systems, we show that this non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons is enhanced as the Gilbert damping constant (i.e., the energy dissipation rate) increases. When the damping constant exceeds a critical value, the non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons exhibits an oscillating behavior, including a beating one, as a function of the film thickness and is characterized by the exceptional point. Our result suggests that energy dissipation serves as a key ingredient of Casimir engineering.
High-temperature Néel skyrmions in Fe3GaTe2 stabilized by Fe intercalation into the van der Waals gap
Authors: Saha Rana , Meyerheim Holger L. , Göbel Börge , Mertig Ingrid , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets that exhibit ferromagnetism at ambient temperature show great promise for spintronic applications. However, until now, only a few pristine or doped 2D magnets have demonstrated the ability to host non-collinear spin textures, thereby limiting their potential applications. Here we directly observe Néel-type skyrmions in the metallic vdW magnetic compound Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT) up to temperatures well above room temperature (≈340 K) in the absence of any external magnetic field. We show that the presence of defects in the structure of FGaT make its structure acentric and therefore compatible with hosting skyrmions that would otherwise not be possible. Indeed, in this regard it is very similar to the closely related compound Fe3GeTe2 (FGT), whose structure with the same space group P3m1 is also realized by defects. Interestingly, however, FGaT accommodates a significantly higher concentration of Fe within the vdW gaps, likely accounting for its enhanced Curie temperature (TC). In addition to the Néel skyrmions observed in the temperature range of 250–340 K, we also detect type-I and -II Bloch-type skyrmionic bubbles in the temperature range of 100–200 K due to an enhanced magnitude of dipole-dipole interactions relative to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction. Self-intercalation is thus a highly interesting property of vdW magnets that considerably modifies their fundamental properties.
Preparation of gradient porous polymer membranes with multifunctionality
Authors: Ji Weigang , Li Xiaohu , Xi Qi , Song Mengyuan , Wu Xue , Song Pengfei
Published: June 2024

Preparation of gradient porous membranes with stimulus-responsive, self-healing and UV-blocking properties.
An adaptable in silico ensemble model of the arachidonic acid cascade
Authors: Uttley Megan , Horne Grace , Tsigkinopoulou Areti , Del Carratore Francesco , Hawari Aliah , Kiezel-Tsugunova Magdalena , Kendall Alexandra C. , Jones Janette , Messenger David , Bhogal Ranjit Kaur , Breitling Rainer , Nicolaou Anna
Published: June 2024

Ensemble modelling approaches, which account for the uncertainty surrounding model parameters, were applied to the arachidonic acid cascade for the first time. The adaptable, tuneable model was tailored to represent different cell types and stimuli.
A novel SERS-lateral flow assay (LFA) tray for monitoring of miR-155-5p during pyroptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Lu Xiaoxia , Lu Wenlong , Hua Dong
Published: June 2024

Upon addition of cell lysates to the sample pad, SERS probes located on the conjugation pad would bind to target miRNAs, leading to no captured SERS probes and no discernible color change on the T line.
Constructing high axiality mononuclear dysprosium molecular magnets via a regulation-of-co-ligands strategy
Authors: Wang Jia-Ling , Chen Ji-Tun , Yan Han , Wang Tian-Tian , Zhang Yi-Quan , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: June 2024

Spin carriers that lie in the cavity of a transversal five coordinate nitrogen macrocycle are combined with multi-fluorinated monodentate phenoxyl coligands to build a high axiality coordination symmetry that results in good magnetic relaxation.
New insights for valorization of polyolefins/light alkanes: catalytic dehydrogenation of n-alkanes by immobilized pincer–iridium complexes
Authors: Centeno-Vega Ignacio , Megías-Sayago Cristina , Ivanova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

This scientific review delves into the innovative realm of polyolefins/light alkanes valorization through their catalytic dehydrogenation employing pincer-ligated iridium organometallic complexes.
Activation of cyclopentadiene derivatives by an α-diimine-ligated Mg–Mg-bonded compound
Authors: Qu Yao , Xi Zhixian , Sun Zhenzhou , Yang Li , Liu Rui , Dong Ben , Wu Biao , Yang Xiao-Juan
Published: June 2024

The dimagnesium(i) complex [K(THF)3]2[LMg–MgL] activates cyclopentadiene derivatives via different pathways, i.e. reductive hydrogen abstraction, C–C coupling, or dehydrogenation, yielding heteroleptic bimetallic (Mg/K) metallocene complexes.
Jaboticaba berry (Myrciaria jaboticaba) supplementation protects against micro- and macrovascular dysfunction induced by eccentric exercise: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ramos Junior Olavo João Frederico , Tavares Isabela Ribeiro Grangeira , Lima Rayssa Cruz , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam , Alvares Thiago Silveira
Published: June 2024

Physical activities that are unaccustomed and involve eccentric muscle contractions have been demonstrated to temporarily impair macrovascular and microvascular functions, which may be caused by exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Multilayer ferromagnetic spintronic devices for neuromorphic computing applications
Authors: Lone Aijaz H. , Zou Xuecui , Mishra Kishan K. , Singaravelu Venkatesh , Sbiaa R. , Fariborzi Hossein , Setti Gianluca
Published: June 2024

Spintronic devices, which are built upon ferromagnetic thin film systems, exhibit significant promise for energy-efficient memory, logic operations, and neuromorphic computing applications.
Engineering high-valence metal-enriched cobalt oxyhydroxide catalysts for an enhanced OER under near-neutral pH conditions
Authors: Dong Ruijing , Gao Jiajian , Vo Truong-Giang , Xi Shibo , Kee Choon Wee , Cao Xun , Chu Wei , Liu Yan
Published: June 2024

Optimized two-dimensional Mo–Co(OH)2 nanosheets undergoing operando transformation into oxyhydroxide active species demonstrated high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in a near-neutral-pH electrolyte.
Multi-MXene assisted large-scale manufacturing of electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme-nanoflower enhanced electrodes for the detection of H2O2 secreted from live cancer cells
Authors: Wang Wenwu , Ma Zeyu , Shao Qi , Wang Jiangwang , Wu Leixin , Huang Xiyao , Hu Zilu , Jiang Nan , Dai Jun , He Liang
Published: June 2024

A strategy of large-scale manufacturing of electrochemical biosensors for early cancer diagnosis based on HRP nanoflower-enhanced MXene/CMCS composite ink electrodes via a user-friendly screen-printing procedure.
Organosulphur and organoselenium compounds as ligands for catalytic systems in the Sonogashira coupling
Authors: Purohit Suraj , Rana Ramakshi , Tyagi Anupma , Bahuguna Anurag , Oswal Preeti , Anshika  , Kumar Arun
Published: June 2024

Use of organosulphur and organoselenium compounds in the development of homogeneous, heterogeneous and nanocatalytic systems for Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on an anode constructed from zinc powder: a review
Authors: Li Le , Jia Shaofeng , Shi Yue , Wang Conghui , Qiu Hengwei , Ji Yongqiang , Cao Minghui , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2024

This review presents recent strategies and their mechanisms for the design of zinc anodes made from zinc powder.
Zn/F carbenoids: preparation, structures, stability, and application to nucleophilic monofluoroalkylation
Authors: Morisaki Kazuhiro , Miyamoto Kohei , Kawaguchi Emiko , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: June 2024

We described here comprehensive studies on Zn/F carbenoids. Zn/F carbenoids were found to be stable and useful nucleophilic monofluoroalkylating reagents, providing a new synthetic route to functionalized monofluroalkanes.
Analyzing atomic scale structural details and nuclear spin dynamics of four macrolide antibiotics: erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin
Authors: Pradhan Bijay Laxmi , Lodhi Lekhan , Dey Krishna Kishor , Ghosh Manasi
Published: June 2024

Structure and dynamics of four macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin.
Aluminum–air batteries: current advances and promises with future directions
Authors: Rani Bharti , Yadav Jitendra Kumar , Saini Priyanka , Pandey Anant Prakash , Dixit Ambesh
Published: June 2024

Owing to their attractive energy density of about 8.1 kW h kg−1 and specific capacity of about 2.9 A h g−1, aluminum–air (Al–air) batteries have become the focus of research.
Physical properties of newly synthesized noncentrosymmetric TaIr2B2 and NbIr2B2 superconductors: an extensive comparison of GGA and LDA functional investigations
Authors: Islam Jakiul , Ahamed Mohasena , Alam Md. Saiful , Bahadur Newaz Mohammad
Published: June 2024

In recent years, noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structural compounds have received much attention from the scientific community in the exploration for the unconventional nature of superconductivity with exciting physical properties.
Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of purine-5-N-isosteresas anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: El-Saghier Ahmed M. , Enaili Souhaila S. , Abdou Aly , Hamed Amany M. , Kadry Asmaa M.
Published: June 2024

An operationally simple one-pot three-component synthesis method for a series of diverse purine analogues of [1,2,4]-triazolo[1,3,5]triazine-2-carboxamide derivatives generated in situ via reaction of 2-hydrazinyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-2-thioxoacetamide, cyanoguanidine and a variety of aldehydes.
Introduction to 2D materials and their applications
Authors: Berman Diana , Jastrzebska Agnieszka , Papi Massimiliano , Rosenkranz Andreas
Published: June 2024

Diana Berman, Agnieszka Jastrzebska, Massimiliano Papi, and Andreas Rosenkranz introduce the RSC Advances themed issue on 2D materials and their applications.
Photophysics and photochemistry of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on the multiple resonance effect: transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies
Authors: Chen Xi , Sun Lei , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Doria Sandra , Bussotti Laura , Zhao Jianzhang , Xu Haijun , Dick Bernhard , Voronkova Violeta K. , Di Donato Mariangela
Published: June 2024

The photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on the multiple resonance effect was studied.
Pulling on grafted flexible polymers can cause twisted bundles
Authors: Warkotsch Dustin , Christiansen Henrik , Zierenberg Johannes , Janke Wolfhard
Published: June 2024

Flexible polymers grafted closely on a flat surface form globular structures at low temperatures. Pulling on them creates bundles with varying twists. Numerical results reveal intriguing sub-phase patterns, inviting experimental validation.
Boron nitride microfiber reinforced polyacrylic acid hydrogels with excellent self-adhesion, fast pH response, and strain sensitivity
Authors: Huang Xindi , Gao Xiangqian , Lin Jing , Yu Chao , Tang Chengchun , Huang Yang
Published: June 2024

Hydrogels in sensors often lack adhesion. We developed a BNMFs/PAA composite hydrogel with boron nitride microfibers (BNMFs) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). BNMFs enhance adhesion and mechanical properties, making it ideal for various applications.
Highly porous hydrogels for efficient solar water evaporation
Authors: Pati Akash Ranjan , Ko Young-Su , Bae Changwoo , Choi Inhee , Heo Yun Jung , Lee Choongyeop
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a facile method for fabricating hydrophilic 3D-network hydrogels, integrating plasmonic gold nanoparticles to boost solar absorption, enhancing evaporation rates and solar efficiency to 1.6 kg m−2 h−1 and 77%, respectively.
Core–shell nanogels: the effects of morphology, electro- and magnetostatic interactions
Authors: Dobroserdova Alla B. , Minina Elena S. , Sánchez Pedro A. , Likos Christos N. , Kantorovich Sofia S.
Published: June 2024

We study the influence of core–shell morphology on the structural characteristics of nanogels.
Self-assembly prediction of architecture-controlled bottlebrush copolymers in solution using graph convolutional networks
Authors: Hwang Wooseop , Kwon Sangwoo , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo
Published: June 2024

Self-assembly behavior of architecture-controlled bottlebrush copolymers are predicted using graph convolutional networks
Tailoring the buried interface with self-assembled 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid for defect reduction and improved performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cao Kun , Ning Haosong , Xu NingYi , Zuo Wentian , Zhang Yibo , Yang Ming , Xia Junming , Liu Lihui , Chen Shufen
Published: June 2024

By using self-assembled molecules to modulate the buried interface between the PEDOT:PSS and the tin-based perovskite film, the efficiency and stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells can be effectively enhanced.
Advances and perspectives in phototherapy-based combination therapy for cancer treatment
Authors: Yi Jianing , Liu Luyao , Gao Wenjie , Zeng Jie , Chen Yongzhi , Pang E. , Lan Minhuan , Yu Chunzhao
Published: June 2024

Combining phototherapy with treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy enhances efficacy. This review summarizes strategies, analyzes effects, and discusses future directions in combinational cancer therapies.
Concept of triphenylamine side chains with four electroactive nitrogen centers toward record-high stable electrochromic polyamides
Authors: Chern Yaw-Terng , Zhang Zhe-Yuan , Wang Jane-Jen , Lin Pei-Ling , Chiu Yu-Cheng , Wang Yu-Jie , Lin Chin-Hsuan , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: June 2024

The TPA side chains with four electroactive nitrogen centers in PAs exhibited high EC stability and multiple color changes. The EC stability improved by the electrons delocalized by resonance over all the redox centers is emphasized in this study.
Spin polarized current in chiral organic radical monolayers
Authors: Giaconi Niccolò , Lupi Michela , Das Tapan Kumar , Kumar Anil , Poggini Lorenzo , Viglianisi Caterina , Sorace Lorenzo , Menichetti Stefano , Naaman Ron , Sessoli Roberta , Mannini Matteo
Published: June 2024

An enantiopure organic radical monolayer on gold exhibits efficient spin selectivity properties in electron transport. This result makes thia[4]azahelicenes promising candidates for the development of chiral spintronic molecular-based devices.
Defects and self-trapped exciton regulation in rare-earth doped all-inorganic perovskites
Authors: Chu Anshi , Luo Jun , Xu Zheyuan , Xie Yunfei , Luo Wenjie , Li Siyao , Liang Jieyuan , He Junyu , Zhang Chi , Cai Mengqiu , Zhuang Xiujuan
Published: June 2024

By controlling the growth temperature and increasing Er-doping concentration in CsPbCl3xBr3(1−x):Er, their emitted PL can be tuned from red (1.82 eV) to near-infrared (1.53 eV) while keeping their intrinsic bandgap without significant variation.
Plasma Ag nanoparticles loaded on Bi2MoO6 to enhance surface oxygen vacancies for efficient nitrogen conversion to ammonia
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Luo Min , Meng Linghu , Su Senda , Ding Wenming , Yuan Shengbo , Li Hua , Li Xiaoman
Published: June 2024

Ag metal-loaded Bi2MoO6 exhibited much higher photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity than that of pure Bi2MoO6 due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of its Ag NPs and enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration.
Additive engineering with RbCl for efficient carbon based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cheng Nian , Zong Peng-an , He Fawang , Zhao Jiawei , Luo Ni , Chen Chunchang , Liu Zhenguo , Huang Wei
Published: June 2024

The Cl− in RbCl plays a role in increasing the grain size of the perovskite crystals. Rb+ can modulate the annealing conditions and promote the formation of the perovskite phase.
Near-infrared circularly polarized organic room temperature phosphorescence based on a chiral host–guest doping strategy
Authors: Xia Junming , Xiong Chenchen , Mo Songmin , Zhang Yongfeng , Zhang Kai , Li Gengchen , Shi Jianbing , Zhi Junge , Tong Bin , Wu Qinghe , Sun Peng , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping
Published: June 2024

Near-infrared circularly polarized organic room temperature phosphorescence is achieved by doping a naphthalimide derivative guest into a tartaric acid derivative host.
Adaptive‐saturation‐based transient stability enhancement for grid‐following inverters
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Luo Cheng , Wei Lei
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes an adaptive saturation module to enhance the transient stability of grid‐following inverters after voltage‐dip inception and fault‐clearance moment. The equal‐area criterion reveals that a large acceleration area will be obtained due to the step change of current reference according to grid codes, which may lead to the loss of synchronism with the grid. It is found that the saturation module used with the phase‐locked loop can enhance the transient stability performance by reducing the acceleration area. To simultaneously adapt to the two cases (the inception and clearance of the voltage‐dip fault), an adaptive saturation module that can automatically adjust the clamping mode is proposed, which is the main contribution of the paper. The selection of the threshold value for the saturation module is also presented. A comprehensive comparison is made between the proposed solution and state‐of‐art solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is confirmed by the experimental tests.
An improved regression‐based perturb and observation global maximum power point tracker methods
Authors: Gundogdu Hasan , Demirci Alpaslan , Tercan Said Mirza , Durusu Ali
Published: June 2024

Solar photovoltaic energy is a vital renewable resource because it is clean, endless, and pollution‐free. Due to the fast growth of the semiconductor and power electronics sectors, photovoltaic (PV) technologies are climbing significant attention in modern electrical power applications. Operating PV energy conversion systems at the maximum power point is essential for getting the maximum power output and raising efficiency. This paper proposes a regression‐based Perturb and Observe method to quickly find a global maximum power point, avoiding being stuck in local maxima, likewise analytical and metaheuristic methods. The improved control focuses on the narrowed search areas by linear and non‐linear regression analyses using the generated PV model on a flexible Python environment. Furthermore, the method's accuracy is validated in real time under variable temperatures, irradiations, and loads. This method was proven with a hardware implementation. The proposed method is more than 98% accurate and can withstand long‐term modelling. The suggested regression‐based perturbation and observation method provided a short learning time and easy implementation. Additionally, the dynamic recorded results can be visualized for researchers to utilize efficiently.
Solar wind data analysis aided by synthetic modeling: A better understanding of plasma frame variations from temporal data
Authors: Magyar N. , Verniero J. , Szabo A. , Zhang J. , Van Doorsselaere T.
Published: June 2024

Context. In situ measurements of the solar wind, a turbulent and anisotropic plasma flow originating at the Sun, are mostly carried out by single spacecraft, resulting in one-dimensional time series.

Aims. The conversion of these measurements to the spatial frame of the plasma is a great challenge, but it is required for direct comparison of the measurements with magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theories.

Methods. We present a tool kit based on the synthetic modeling of solar wind fluctuations as two-dimensional noise maps with adjustable spectral and power anisotropy that can help with the temporal-spatial conversion of real data. Specifically, by following the spacecraft trajectory through a noise map (relative velocity and angle relative to some mean magnetic field) with properties tuned to mimic those of the solar wind, the likelihood that the temporal data fluctuations represent parallel or perpendicular fluctuations in the plasma frame can be quantified by correlating structure functions of the noise map. Synthetic temporal data can also be generated, which can provide a testing ground for analysis applied to the solar wind data.

Results. We demonstrate this tool by investigating Parker Solar Probe’s seventh encounter trajectory and data, and we showcase several possible ways in which it can be used. We find that whether temporal variations in the spacecraft frame come from parallel or perpendicular variations in the plasma frame strongly depends on the spectral and power anisotropy of the measured wind.

Conclusions. Data analysis assisted by such underlying synthetic models as presented here could open up new ways to interpret measurements in the future, specifically in the more reliable determination of plasma frame quantities from temporal measurements.
TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
Authors: Grespan M. , Thuruthipilly H. , Pollo A. , Lochner M. , Biesiada M. , Etsebeth V.
Published: June 2024

Context.With the current and upcoming generation of surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) on theVera C. RubinObservatory and theEuclidmission, tens of billions of galaxies will be observed, with a significant portion (~105) exhibiting lensing features. To effectively detect these rare objects amidst the vast number of galaxies, automated techniques such as machine learning are indispensable.

Aims.We applied a state-of-the-art transformer algorithm to the 221 deg2of the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) to search for new strong gravitational lenses (SGLs).

Methods.We tested four transformer encoders trained on simulated data from the Strong Lens Finding Challenge on KiDS data. The best performing model was fine-tuned on real images of SGL candidates identified in previous searches. To expand the dataset for fine-tuning, data augmentation techniques were employed, including rotation, flipping, transposition, and white noise injection. The network fine-tuned with rotated, flipped, and transposed images exhibited the best performance and was used to hunt for SGLs in the overlapping region of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) and KiDS surveys on galaxies up toz= 0.8. Candidate SGLs were matched with those from other surveys and examined using GAMA data to identify blended spectra resulting from the signal from multiple objects in a GAMA fiber.

Results.Fine-tuning the transformer encoder to the KiDS data reduced the number of false positives by 70%. Additionally, applying the fine-tuned model to a sample of ~5 000 000 galaxies resulted in a list of ~51 000 SGL candidates. Upon visual inspection, this list was narrowed down to 231 candidates. Combined with the SGL candidates identified in the model testing, our final sample comprises 264 candidates, including 71 high-confidence SGLs; of these 71, 44 are new discoveries.

Conclusions.We propose fine-tuning via real augmented images as a viable approach to mitigating false positives when transitioning from simulated lenses to real surveys. While our model shows improvement, it still does not achieve the same accuracy as previously proposed models trained directly on galaxy images from KiDS with added simulated lensing arcs. This suggests that a larger fine-tuning set is necessary for a competitive performance. Additionally, we provide a list of 121 false positives that exhibit features similar to lensed objects, which can be used in the training of future machine learning models in this field.
Biotechnological Camelina platform for green sustainable oleochemicals production
Authors: Clavijo-Bernal Enrique J. , Martínez-Force Enrique , Garcés Rafael , Salas Joaquín J , Venegas-Calerón Mónica
Published: June 2024

Climate change is forcing our societies to undertake socioeconomic changes to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, which continue to rise globally. Governments are applying policies to offset carbon emissions, despite the significant economic impact. Biotechnology offers solutions to dampen this impact, particularly in agriculture and industry, where plant biotechnology enhances production efficiency while reducing environmental impact. Camelina sativa, a climate-flexible oilseed crop with low agronomical exigence, offers promising alternatives to petroleum-derived oils. Oil derived from camelina seeds has the potential to substitute petroleum as the feedstock for the production of oleochemicals, which are compounds derived from vegetable or animal oils and/or petrochemical feedstock. The deep knowledge of the camelina genome, together with the optimized process to obtain genetically engineered camelina lines with on-demand modified oils, makes this oilseed crop a workhorse to counteract the environmental impact derived from human activity.
Comparative analysis of gender and prefecture-based attitudes toward future parenthood following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Ito S. , Goto A.
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to examine both concerns about future childbirth and childcare associated with radiation exposure among men and women in different prefectures. In December 2018, a cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 620 adults in the general population. The survey included 155 men and 155 women who lived in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011), and 155 men and 155 women who lived outside of Fukushima Prefecture. Regardless of gender and prefecture, the greater the perceived anxiety about radiation effects on a partner, the greater the perceived anxiety about future childbirth. In addition, those who did not want to have children were more anxious about rearing children in the future. Compared with women in other prefectures, men in Fukushima Prefecture were more knowledgeable about radiation, thought that radiation would have fewer health effects on their children, and were more confident about future childbearing. These findings suggest that for those who are anxious about future childbirth and childcare, it is important to create an environment where necessary information can be accessed regardless of gender or residence in an area affected by a nuclear accident.
Discovery of Substituted 2-oxoquinolinylthiazolidin-4-one Analogues
as Potential EGFRK Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Naik Soniya , Soumya Vasu , Mamledesai Shivlingrao N , Manickavasagam M , Choudhari Prafulla , Rathod Sanket
Published: June 2024

Purpose Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is
responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6
deaths is due to cancer and the chemotherapeutic drugs available have high
toxicity and have reported side effects hence, there is a need for the synthesis
of novel drugs in the treatment of cancer.

Methods The current research work dealt with the synthesis of a series of
3-(3-acetyl-2-oxoquinolin-1-(2H)-yl-2-(substitutedphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one
(Va-j) derivatives and evaluation of their in-vitro anticancer activity.
All the synthesized compounds were satisfactorily characterized by IR and NMR
data. Compounds were further evaluated for their in-vitro anticancer
activity against A-549 (lung cancer) cell lines. The in-vitro
anticancer activity was based upon the
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay
method.

Results The synthesized compounds exhibited satisfactory anticancer
properties against the A-549 cell line. The compound (Vh) showed the
highest potency amongst the tested derivatives against the A-549 cell
line with IC50 values of 100 µg/ml respectively and was also found to
be more potent than Imatinib (150 µg/ml) which was used as a standard drug.
Molecular docking studies of the titled compounds (Va-j) were carried out using
AutoDock Vina/PyRx software. The synthesized compounds exhibited well-conserved
hydrogen bonds with one or more amino acid residues in the active pocket of the
EGFRK tyrosine kinase domain (PDB 1m17).

Conclusion Among all the synthesized analogues, the binding affinity of
the compound (Vh) was found to be higher than other synthesized derivatives and
a molecular dynamics simulation study explored the stability of the docked
complex system.
Bereit für die Betreuung von Schwangeren mit Beckenendlage? –
Ergebnisse aus einer Onlinebefragung für Hebammen und werdende Hebammen in
Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Authors: Friedrichsohn Berit K. , Bauch Sebastian A. , Starrach Teresa , Pflanz Mira , Pecks Ulrich , Buechel Johanna
Published: June 2024

Die vaginale Geburt aus Beckenendlage (BEL) ist eine Option für Gebärende, die
auch von den aktuellen deutschen und internationalen Leitlinien unterstützt
wird, wenn günstige Bedingungen und entsprechend ausgebildetes Personal
vorhanden sind. Laut Hebammengesetzen in der D-A-CH-Region sollen Hebammen im
Notfall die Betreuung einer vaginalen BEL-Geburt leisten können. Daher ist das
Vermitteln von Skills zur BEL-Geburt in der Ausbildungsordnung werdender
Hebammen festgeschrieben. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde das Wissen sowie der
Trainingsbedarf von Hebammen und werdenden Hebammen im deutschsprachigen Raum
evaluiert. Hierfür wurden im Mai 2022 mittels einer Onlinebefragung die
bisherigen Erfahrungen, das spezifische Wissen und der weitere
Fortbildungsbedarf von Hebammen und Hebammen in Ausbildung bezüglich der
vaginalen BEL-Geburt erhoben. Die Auswertung von 467 Fragebögen zeigte, dass nur
30% der Befragten in ihrem aktuellen beruflichen Umfeld vaginale BEL-Geburten
betreuen, aber 50% der Befragten dies gerne anbieten würden. 94% der Befragten
gaben an, sich sicherer zu fühlen, wenn regelmäßige Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten,
insbesondere Simulationen und virtuelle Angebote, zur vaginalen BEL-Geburt
angeboten werden würden. Aktuell erhalten jedoch nur 10% der Befragten ein
regelmäßiges Fortbildungsangebot für vaginale BEL-Geburten. Die Ergebnisse
zeigen, dass vermehrt Fortbildungen und Trainingsmöglichkeiten zur vaginalen
BEL-Geburt angeboten werden sollten, um die Sicherheit von Hebammen im Umgang
mit vaginalen BEL-Geburten zu erhöhen.
Therapeutic Potential of Pentoxifylline in Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary
Toxicity: Role of the Phosphodiesterase Enzymes
Authors: Ghasemi Farshad , Mohammadi Mobina , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Hosseini-Sharifabad Ali , Omidifar Navid , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir
Published: June 2024

Pentoxifylline (PTX), a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has
demonstrated protective effects against lung injury in animal models. Given the
significance of pulmonary toxicity resulting from paraquat (PQ) exposure, the
present investigation was designed to explore the impact of PTX on PQ-induced
pulmonary oxidative impairment in male mice.

Following preliminary studies, thirty-six mice were divided into six groups.
Group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received a single dose of PQ (20 mg/kg;
i.p.), and group 3 received PTX (100 mg/kg/day; i.p.). Additionally, treatment
groups 4–6 were received various doses of PTX (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day;
respectively) one hour after a single dose of PQ. After 72 hours, the animals
were sacrificed, and lung tissue was collected.

PQ administration caused a significant decrease in hematocrit and an increase in
blood potassium levels. Moreover, a notable increase was found in the lipid
peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, along
with a notable decrease in total thiol (TTM) and total antioxidant capacity
(TAC) contents, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity
in lung tissue. PTX demonstrated the ability to improve hematocrit levels;
enhance SOD activity and TTM content; and decrease MPO activity, LPO and NO
levels in PQ-induced pulmonary toxicity. Furthermore, these findings were
well-correlated with the observed lung histopathological changes.

In conclusion, our results suggest that the high dose of PTX may ameliorate lung
injury by improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance in animals exposed to
PQ.