bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress impairs the meat quality of broiler by damaging mitochondrial function, affecting calcium metabolism and leading to ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Zuodong , Xing Tong , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Lin , Jiang Yun , Gao Feng
Published: May 2022

Objective: This work was conducted to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on meat quality, mitochondrial function, calcium metabolism and ferroptosis of broilers.Methods: In this study, a total of 144 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were divided into 3 groups (control group, saline group, and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] group) with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each. The study lasted for 42 d. The broilers in the saline and H2O2 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75% saline and 10.0% H2O2 on the 16th and 37th day of the experimental period respectively, the injection volumes were 1.0 mL/kg of broiler body weight. On the 42nd day of the experimental period, two chicks were randomly selected from each cage, a total of thirty-six chicks were stunned by electric shock and slaughtered to collect breast muscle samples.Results: The H2O2 exposure reduced pH value, increased drip loss and shear force of breast meat (p<0.05), impaired the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria. The H2O2 exposure damaged the antioxidant system in mitochondria, excessive reactive oxygen species carbonylation modified calcium channels on mitochondria, which impaired the activities of key enzymes on calcium channel, resulted in the increased calcium concentration in cytoplasm and mitochondria (p<0.05). In addition, the H2O2 exposure increased the iron content and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05), which induced ferroptosis.Conclusion: Oxidative stress could impair meat quality by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in calcium metabolism disorder and ferroptosis.
Effect of dietary metallo-protease and Bacillus velezensis CE 100 supplementations on growth performance, footpad dermatitis and manure odor in broiler chickens
Authors: Park Cheol Ju , Sun Sang Soo
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study focused on the effect of dietary metallo-protease and Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on growth performance, carcass parameters, intestinal microflora, footpad dermatitis (FPD), and manure odor in broiler chickens.Methods: One hundred-ten (two-day-old Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five groups with two replicate pens. The dietary treatments were divided to control, metallo-protease groups (A1, added with 0.1%; A2, added with 0.2%) and B. velezensis CE 100 groups (B1, added with 0.5%; B2, added with 1.0%).Results: The feed intake was decreased in A1 and B2 compared to the other group (p<0.05). The liver weight was lower in B2 than in A2 (p<0.05). The Salmonella in the cecum was decreased in A2 compared to control and A1 (p<0.05). However, the lactic acid bacteria were increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The litter moisture content was decreased in A2, B1, and B2 (p<0.05). The litter quality visual score was increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The FPD score and prevalence were reduced in all treatments (p<0.05). The (CH3)2S emission was decreased in all treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: The present study indicated that both additives improve litter quality and reduce the incidence of FPD. These findings suggest that dietary metallo-protease and B. velezensis CE 100 have the potential to improve the broiler chickens’ welfare.
Impact of co-transfer of embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using two types of donor cells on pregnancy outcomes in dogs
Authors: Son Young-Bum , Jeong Yeon Ik , Jeong Yeon Woo , Hossein Mohammad Shamim , Hwang Woo Suk
Published: May 2022

Objective: The present study analyzed the influence of co-transferring embryos with high and low cloning efficiencies produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) on pregnancy outcomes in dogs.Methods: Cloned dogs were produced by SCNT using donor cells derived from a Tibetan Mastiff (TM) and Toy Poodle (TP). The in vivo developmental capacity of cloned embryos was evaluated. The pregnancy and parturition rates were determined following single transfer of 284 fused oocytes into 21 surrogates and co-transfer of 47 fused oocytes into four surrogates.Results: When cloned embryos produced using a single type of donor cell were transferred into surrogates, the pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher following transfer of embryos produced using TP donor cells than following transfer of embryos produced using TM donor cells. Next, pregnancy and live birth rates were compared following single and co-transfer of these cloned embryos. The pregnancy and live birth rates were similar upon co-transfer of embryos and single transfer of embryos produced using TP donor cells but were significantly lower upon single transfer of embryos produced using TM donor cells. Furthermore, the parturition rate for TM dogs and the percentage of these dogs that remained alive until weaning was significantly higher upon co-transfer than upon single transfer of embryos. However, there was no difference between the two embryo transfer methods for TP dogs. The mean birth weight of cloned TM dogs was significantly higher upon single transfer than upon co-transfer of embryos. However, the body weight of TM dogs did not significantly differ between the two embryo transfer methods after day 5.Conclusion: For cloned embryos with a lower developmental competence, the parturition rate and percentage of dogs that remain alive until weaning are increased when they are co-transferred with cloned embryos with a greater developmental competence.
Severe choline deficiency induces alternative splicing aberrance in optimized duck primary hepatocyte cultures
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Cai Hongying , Wu Yongbao , Tian Changfu , Wen Zhiguo , Yang Peilong
Published: May 2022

Objective: Choline deficiency, one main trigger for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder. Previous study in a choline-deficient model has largely focused on gene expression rather than gene structure, especially sparse are studies regarding to alternative splicing (AS). In modern life science research, primary hepatocytes culture technology facilitates such studies, which can accurately imitate liver activity in vitro and show unique superiority. Whereas limitations to traditional hepatocytes culture technology exist in terms of efficiency and operability. This study pursued an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes to explore AS in choline-deficient model.Methods: We performed an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes with multi-step digestion procedure from Pekin duck embryos. Subsequently a NAFLD model was constructed with choline-free medium. RNA-seq and further analysis by rMATS were performed to identify AS events alterations in choline-deficency duck primary hepatocytes.Results: The results showed E13 (embryonic day 13) to E15 is suitable to obtain hepatocytes, and the viability reached over 95% by trypan blue exclusion assay. Primary hepatocyte retained their biological function as well identified by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining method and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity assay, respectively. Meanwhile, genes of alb and afp and specific protein of albumin were detected to verify cultured hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate purity of hepatocytes, presenting up to 90%. On this base, choline-deficient model was constructed and displayed significantly increase of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol as reported previously. Intriguingly, our data suggested that AS events in choline-deficient model were implicated in pivotal biological processes as an aberrant transcriptional regulator, of which 16 genes were involved in lipid metabolism and highly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism.Conclusion: An effective and rapid protocol for obtaining duck primary hepatocytes was established, by which our findings manifested choline deficiency could induce the accumulation of lipid and result in aberrant AS events in hepatocytes, providing a novel insight into various AS in the metabolism role of choline.
Rust Disease Classification Using Deep Learning Based Algorithm: The Case of Wheat
Authors: Sood Shivani , Singh Harjeet , Jindal Suruchi
Published: May 2022

Rusts are plant diseases caused by obligate fungi parasites. They are usually host-specific and cause greater losses of yields in crops, trees, and ornamental plants. Wheat is a staple food crop bearing losses specifically due to three species of rust fungi namely leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), stem rust (Puccinia graminis), and yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis). These diseases are usually inspected manually by a human being but at a large scale, this process is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human errors. Therefore, there is a need for an effective and efficient system that helps in the identification and classification of these diseases at early stages. In the present study, a deep learning-based CNN (i.e., VGG16) transfer learning model has been utilized for wheat disease classification on the CGIAR image dataset, containing two classes of wheat rust disease (leaf rust and stem rust), and one class of healthy wheat images. The deep learning models produced the best results by tuning the various hyper-parameters such as batch size, number of epochs, and learning rate. The proposed model has reported the best classification accuracy rate of 99.54% on 80 epochs using an initial learning rate from 0.01 and decayed to 0.0001.
Effects of High Ambient Temperature on Milk Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows and Goats: Insights from the Molecular Mechanism Studies
Authors: Thammacharoen Sumpun , Saipin Nungnuch , Nguyen Thiet , Chaiyabutr Narongsak
Published: May 2022

Milk protein is well accepted for nutritional value compared with other sources of protein. Detailed understanding of the natural factors that can determine milk protein subcomponent (i.e., casein) not only fulfill the knowledge of protein synthesis but also provide the potential idea to improve milk quality. The variation in milk protein content from dairy cows and goats fed in tropical areas may determine the added value of milk from this region. Under prolonged high ambient temperature (HTa), dairy cows and goats are at the stage of heat stress. This physiological condition produces a negative effect on dairy cows and goats, i.e., food intake and milk yield. However, the higher milk protein content during summer is demonstrated in dairy goats in our condition. Likewise, an increase in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene expression from mammary epithelium cells isolated from either in vivo (summer and winter periods) and in vitro conditions suggests the direct effect of HTa on mammary gland and perhaps on milk protein synthesis. The intracellular effect of Hsp70 on milk protein synthesis has been proposed in regard to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus protein transportation and with the subcomponent of casein micelle. The present information reveals the molecular mechanism of HTa on milk protein synthesis.
Musculoskeletal Evaluation of Preschool Children Referring to the School Screening Center
Authors: Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Behyad Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

Background: One of the biggest global challenges of the 21st century is the increasing burden of non-communicable (chronic) diseases. Objectives: Considering the high prevalence of systemic and musculoskeletal diseases and the need for further epidemiological studies to provide health programs, we conducted this research. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 344 primary school children referred to the East Tehran Health Center and examined during a certain period of the autumn of 2019 were enrolled. Demographic information and history of systemic diseases were collected using a questionnaire. Height and weight measurements and feet and spine examinations were performed by the researcher. Results: In summary, 50.3% were girls, and 49.7% were boys. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 10.2% were underweight, 70.3% were normal, 10.8% were overweight, and 8.7% were obese. The highest prevalence of diseases was obesity (8.7%), followed by musculoskeletal diseases (8.1%), which included only the flatfoot. Conclusions: Screening programs are recommended from an early age to prevent diseases. To reduce the rate of musculoskeletal disorders and obesity in children, identifying and following them in the early stages of the disorders is recommended for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Associated Factors Among Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abba Muhammad A. , Ahmad Umar A. , Maje Abdulhamid U. , Haruna Abdulmumeen Z. , Ibrahim Aminu A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Pain is an important clinical factor that limits movement and functions. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors are primarily involved in providing care and assistance and may face musculoskeletal problems. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and associated factors among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in northwestern Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study performed among 218 informal caregivers of stroke survivors. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, nature of caregiving, and duration of caregiving were collected using researcher-designed data forms. A 12-month prevalence of MSP in different body regions was obtained using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: The majority of the caregivers were females (60.6%) within the age range of 18 - 27 years old (50.9%) and engaged in full-time caregiving (63.8%). The overall prevalence of MSP among the caregivers was 16.5%. The most common MSP was low back pain (28%) and was found to be associated with age, gender, body mass index, marital status, educational level, occupational status, duration of caregiving, and nature of caregiving (all P
The Effect of Team-based Training Through Smartphone Applications on Nursing Students’ Clinical Skills and Problem-Solving Ability
Authors: Motamed-Jahromi Mohadeseh , Eshghi Fateme , Dadgar Fatemeh , Nejadsadeghi Elham , Meshkani Zahra , Jalali Tayebeh , Dehghani Seyedeh Leila
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a team-based educational program through smartphone applications on Iranian nursing students’ problem-solving ability and clinical skills. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with two groups, including an experimental and a control group, was conducted among 60 nursing students who spent internship period in post CCU and CCU wards for 16 weeks. The control group received routine training, and the students of the experimental group received a team-based program through a smartphone application in addition to routine training. Students involved in the program were invited to complete the clinical skills questionnaire and Heppner's Problem-Solving Inventory at baseline and week four, and week 12 of follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 22). Results: A significant improvement was found in nursing students’ clinical skills and problem-solving ability at week four and week 12 of follow-up compared with baseline (P < 0.001). However, the mean scores increased more in the experimental group. Conclusions: This study suggests that team-based training through smartphone applications can enhance problem-solving perception and clinical skills in nursing students. It is expected that in the future, team-based training through smartphone applications may be used in the internship training of nursing students continuously.
Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Elements  , Riherd Will
Published: May 2022

In the face of increasingly large computational demands and the impending halt to Moore's law, the semiconductor industry has been forced to re-evaluate the traditional computing paradism. Central to this re-evaluation has been the novel development of neuromorphic computing - an approach that, at its core, seeks to replicate the brain in silicon. Despite challenges on the algorithmic front, neuromorphic computing promises a massively parallel, efficicient, and scalable computational solution with large implications on the daily lives of consumers. The future of the technology, however, is uncertain. With the rise of high performance and Quantum computing as promising alternatives, te semiconductor industry at large must consider the extent to which neuromorphic computing can emerge as a viable and feasible solution in the coming years. It is vital, therefore, to understand the theoretical underpinnings of the neuromorphic approach and predict the likelihood of its implementation within the next decade
The Digital Pandemic
Authors: Elements  , Cattich Ryan
Published: May 2022

In response to viral spreads of disinformation in the 21st century, most notably in 2020, this paper analyzes Section 230 of the Communications Decency Cct as currently written. Presently, much ambiguity surrounds the actual purpose and implications Section 230 denotes for the United States, and the world. Heads of the largest technology companies frequently come under fire, called upon by both politicians and the public to combat the spread of disinformation on the internet. In this paper, I present an analysis of Section 230 from its inception to today, followed by an examination of platofmr-by-platform decisions on how to best comply with the statue. I argue revoking section 230 i snot a reasonable colution, rather a statutory modification coupled with heightened industry collaboratoion will serve to uphold the section's original objectives set forth in 1996.
The Force on the Front
Authors: Elements  , Pender Siobhan
Published: May 2022

Police involvement in the Christian Front Movement in Brooklyn, NY grew unnoticed from 1938-1940, resulting in anti-semitic violence even after the police comissioner and mayor were forced to address the issue after the arrest in 1940 of 17 Christian Front Members accused of planning terrorist activities. The Christian Front was able to grow in an area like Brooklyn due to its high population of Irish-Catholics, and since the Christian Front was a religiously-based anti-semitic group led by an Irish Catholic priest, these people aligned well with the movement's beliefs. With a large Irish-Catholic police force, it is evident that the police not only had membership in the Christian Front but also those sympathetic to the movement. The stronghold of the Christian Front and the anti-semitic beliefs prevalent throughout the NYPD resulted in the creation of an environment where anti0semitic attacks could proliferate unaddressed, and where Irish Catholic nationalists could spread and impose their beliefs of anti-semitism and through their position of power in a law enforcement role.
From Big Oil to Big Green
Authors: Grasso Marco
Published: May 2022

How Big Oil can transform itself into Big Green through reparation and decarbonization to rectify the harm it has done through fossil fuels.

In From Big Oil to Big Green, Marco Grasso examines the responsibility of the oil and gas industry for the climate crisis and develops a moral framework that lays out its duties of reparation and decarbonization to allay the harm it has done. By framing climate change as a moral issue and outlining the industry's obligation to tackle it, Grasso shows that Big Oil is a central, yet overlooked, agent of climate ethics and policy.

Grasso argues that by indiscriminately flooding the global economy with fossil fuels—while convincing the public that halting climate change is a matter of consumer choice, that fossil fuels are synonymous with energy, and that a decarbonized world would take civilization back to the Stone Age—Big Oil is morally responsible for the climate crisis. He explains that it has managed to avoid being held financially accountable for past harm and that its duty of reparation has never been theoretically developed or justified. With this book, he fills those gaps. After making the moral case for climate reparations and their implementation, Grasso develops Big Oil's duty of decarbonization, which entails its transformation into Big Green by phasing out carbon emissions from its processes and, especially, its products.
Spatiotemporal changes of eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in the inflow river system of Baiyangdian after the establishment of Xiongan New Area
Authors: Wang Yibing , Wang Yang , Zhang Wenjie , Yao Xu , Wang Bo , Wang Zheng
Published: May 2022

Pollution in inflow rivers seriously endangers the water environment in downstream lakes. In this study, an inflow river system of the Baiyangdian–Fuhe river system (FRS) was investigated to display timely pollution patterns of eutrophication and heavy metals after the establishment of Xiongan New Area, aiming to reveal the weak parts in current pollution treatments and guide the further water quality management. The results showed that the pollution of eutrophication was worse than the heavy metals in FRS, with serious eutrophic parameters of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). There were greatly spatiotemporal variations of the pollution in FRS. (1) Concentrations of NH4+-N and total phosphorus were all higher in summer and autumn, whereas, COD contents were higher in spring; the water quality index (WQI) of eutrophication linearly increased along FRS in summer and autumn, with pollution hotspots around the estuary area. (2) The pollution levels of plumbum exceeded cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) but without strongly spatiotemporal changes; however, Cd and Cr in the town area and Cd in spring showed higher concentrations; the WQI of heavy metals showed single peak curves along FRS, with significantly higher values around the town area. Additionally, the four potential pollution sources: domestic sewage, traffic pollution, agricultural wastewater and polluted sediments were identified based on the pollution patterns and pollutant associations. These findings demonstrated current treatments failed to eliminate the pollution in some hotspots and periods, and the in-depth understanding of the pollution spatiotemporal patterns in this study, especially the pollution hotspots, serious periods and potential sources, are crucial to furtherly develop spatiotemporally flexible pollution treatment strategies.
A Study on Customers Preferences towards Landscape Features of Agri-tourism in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sarath S. , Sivakumar S. D. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Kumar D. Suresh , Somasundaram E.
Published: May 2022

The agricultural landscape is the base for agri-tourism development. This paper focuses on customer preferences for agricultural landscape features when participating in agri-tourism. The prime objective of the study includes identifying the attractive features of agricultural landscapes and comparing those features across a category of customer's annual family income, family size, tour frequency and levels of farming and linkage. Data were collected in farm resorts located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Forty customers were randomly selected as respondents in ten resorts with total arrival of 400 sample customers using a well-developed questionnaire. General characteristics of respondents and customers preferences towards landscape features were collected. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted to know about the comparison of selected variables with landscape features in agri-tourism. Results show that customers liked mostly natural features followed by agricultural and cultural features. MANOVA shows significant differences across selected segments such as annual family income, family size, tour frequency and levels of farming and linkage. Imparting customer-preferred features like more natural features will increase the customer visit to agri-tourism. By this study, agri-tourism farms can increase their customer level of satisfaction by knowing the desired needs of the customer.
Cellulose Nanocrystal Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions: Evidence of Density Inversion at the Isotropic‐Liquid Crystal Phase Transition
Authors: da Rosa Rafaela R. , Silva Pedro E. S. , Saraiva Diogo V. , Kumar Anant , de Sousa António P. Mendes , Sebastião Pedro , Fernandes Susete N. , Godinho Maria Helena
Published: May 2022

The colloidal suspensions of aqueous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are known to form liquid crystalline (LC) systems above certain critical concentrations. From an isotropic phase, tactoid formation, growth, and sedimentation have been determined as the genesis of a high‐density cholesteric phase, which, after drying, originates solid iridescent films. Herein, the coexistence of a liquid crystal upper phase and an isotropic bottom phase in CNC aqueous suspensions at the isotropic–nematic phase separation is reported. Furthermore, isotropic spindle‐like domains are observed in the low‐density LC phase and high‐density LC phases are also prepared. The CNCs isolated from the low‐ and high‐density LC phases are found to have similar average lengths, diameters, and surface charges. The existence of an LC low‐density phase is explained by the presence of air dissolved in the water present within the CNCs. The air dissolves out when the water solidifies into ice and remains within the CNCs. The self‐adjustment of the cellulose chain conformation enables the entrapment of air within the CNCs and CNC buoyancy in aqueous suspensions.
Adatom Bonding Sites in a Nickel‐Fe3O4(001) Single‐Atom Model Catalyst and O2 Reactivity Unveiled by Surface Action Spectroscopy with Infrared Free‐Electron Laser Light
Authors: Liu Yun , Han Zhongkang , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Levchenko Sergey V. , Kuhlenbeck Helmut , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz
Published: May 2022

Single‐atom (SA) catalysis presently receives much attention with its promise to decrease the cost of the active material while increasing the catalyst's performance. However, key details such as the exact location of SA species and their stability are often unclear due to a lack of atomic level information. Here, we show how vibrational spectra measured with surface action spectroscopy (SAS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations can differentiate between different adatom binding sites and determine the location of Ni and Au single atoms on Fe3O4(001). We reveal that Ni and Au adatoms selectively bind to surface oxygen ions which are octahedrally coordinated to Fe ions. In addition, we find that the Ni adatoms can activate O2 to superoxide in contrast to the bare surface and Ni in subsurface positions. Overall, we unveil the advantages of combining SAS and DFT for improving the understanding of single‐atom catalysts.
What Is the Smallest Zeolite That Could Be Synthesized?**
Authors: Dhabal Debdas , Bertolazzo Andressa A. , Molinero Valeria
Published: May 2022

Zeolites with a few unit cells are promising as catalyst and adsorbents. The quest to synthesize the smallest zeolites has recently resulted in 4 to 8 nm nanozeolites, about 2 to 4 unit cells. These findings pose the question of what is the smallest zeolite that could be obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Here we address this question using molecular simulations and thermodynamic analysis. The simulations predict that amorphous precursors as small as 4 nm can crystallize zeolites, in agreement with the experiments. We find that interfacial forces dominate the structure of smaller particles, resulting in size‐dependent compact isomers that have ring and pore distributions different from open framework zeolites. The instability of zeolites smaller than 3±0.5 nm precludes a classical mechanism of nucleation from solution or through assembly of small nanoslabs.
Anion‐Guided Stepwise Assembly of High‐Nuclearity Lanthanide Hydroxide Clusters
Authors: Huang Weiming , Chen Wanmin , Bai Qixia , Zhang Zhe , Feng Min , Zheng Zhiping
Published: May 2022

The ability to construct complex molecular architectures with precise control is critical for realizing molecule‐based materials and functions. Using the assembly of a 60‐metal complex of ErIIIwith histidine as an example, we demonstrate the rational assembly of otherwise synthetically elusive polynuclear lanthanide hydroxide clusters directed by the combined set of I−and CO32−as templates. We succeeded in the stepwise transformation starting fromEr12toEr60by way of two key intermediatesEr34andEr48. TheEr12,Er34, andEr48core motifs represent respectively 1/6, 1/2, and 3/4 of the complete sodalite cage ofEr60. This work, representing a rare example of rationally constructing high‐nuclearity lanthanide clusters guided by judiciously chosen templates, is expected to stimulate more future efforts for the controllable synthesis of complex molecular or supramolecular architectures with unprecedented structural sophistication and possibly useful properties.
Selenium and nitrogen co‐doped porous carbon immobilized Ag nanoparticles: A practical heterogeneous nanocatalyst for hydrogenation of nitroaromatics
Authors: Sabour Fatemeh , Nemati Firouzeh , Rangraz Yalda
Published: May 2022

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on selenium and nitrogen co‐doped mesoporous carbon were prepared through pyrolysis of glucose, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), and selenium dioxide (SeO2) as the carbon, nitrogen, and selenium sources, followed by a chemical reduction strategy. The synthesized Ag/m‐SeNC could catalyze the hydrogenation of a series of nitroaromatics to corresponding amines effectively in an aqueous solution in the presence of NaBH4 as a hydrogen donor. Besides, this heterogeneous nanocatalyst could be simply reused four successive times without significant reduction in activity and selectivity.
Effect of support hydrophobicity of halloysite‐based catalysts on the polyalphaolefin hydrofinishing performance
Authors: Shams Arash , Sadjadi Samahe , Duran Josep , Simon Sílvia , Poater Albert , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh
Published: May 2022

Hydrogenation of polyalphaolefins (PAOs) is an industrial process catalyzed by supported precious metals. In this regard, halloysite (Hal) clay has been proven as an efficient support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles and development of high‐performance catalysts under mild reaction condition. In this research, the effect of Hal hydrophobicity on the PAO hydrofinishing efficiency is studied. In this line, cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was used for adjusting the hydrophobicity of halloysite surface. Three catalysts, Hal/Pd, Hal/Pd/CTAB, and Hal/CTAB/Pd, were fabricated by palladation of Hal, treating palladated Hal with CTAB and palladation of CTAB‐treated Hal, respectively. The catalysts were characterized, and their activity for the hydrogenation of PAO was appraised. Moreover, a molecular simulation approach was employed to survey the effect of surface hydrophobicity of Hal on the alkene hydrogenation energy diagram and the steric maps of the main catalytic stages. Both experimental and computational studies approved that the presence of CTAB detracts the activity of the catalyst. Moreover, the order of introduction of Pd and CTAB affects the content of incorporated CTAB and Pd and Pd particle size, and the order of catalysts activity was as follows: Hal/Pd > Hal/Pd/CTAB > Hal/CTAB/Pd. In fact, 5 wt.% Hal/Pd promoted the hydrogenation at 130°C and hydrogen pressure of 8 bar to furnish 98% hydrogenated PAO.
Team power dynamics and team impact: New perspectives on scientific collaboration using career age as a proxy for team power
Authors: Xu Huimin , Bu Yi , Liu Meijun , Zhang Chenwei , Sun Mengyi , Zhang Yi , Meyer Eric , Salas Eduardo , Ding Ying
Published: May 2022

Power dynamics influence every aspect of scientific collaboration. Team power dynamics can be measured by team power level and team power hierarchy. Team power level is conceptualized as the average level of the possession of resources, expertise, or decision‐making authorities of a team. Team power hierarchy represents the vertical differences of the possessions of resources in a team. In Science of Science, few studies have looked at scientific collaboration from the perspective of team power dynamics. This research examines how team power dynamics affect team impact to fill the research gap. In this research, all coauthors of one publication are treated as one team. Team power level and team power hierarchy of one team are measured by the mean and Gini index of career age of coauthors in this team. Team impact is quantified by citations of a paper authored by this team. By analyzing over 7.7 million teams from Science (e.g., Computer Science, Physics), Social Sciences (e.g., Sociology, Library & Information Science), and Arts & Humanities (e.g., Art), we find that flat team structure is associated with higher team impact, especially when teams have high team power level. These findings have been repeated in all five disciplines except Art, and are consistent in various types of teams from Computer Science including teams from industry or academia, teams with different gender groups, teams with geographical contrast, and teams with distinct size.
Response of terrestrial net primary production to climate change associated with the quadrupling CO2 forcing in CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhu Jiawen , Gao Xiaofei , Zeng Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) has shown remarkable changes in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 and associated climate change. Many studies have investigated and emphasized the CO2 fertilization effects, while the climatic effects remain uncertain in magnitude and spatial pattern. This study investigates these climatic effects and underlying causes by using outputs of the simulation abruptly quadrupled CO2 from 23 CMIP6 models. We find that tropical terrestrial NPP decreases but extratropical terrestrial NPP increases in response to the CO2‐induced climate change. The decreased tropical terrestrial NPP is significantly correlated with the warmer and drier climate anomalies, while the increased extratropical terrestrial NPP is significantly correlated with the warmer and wetter climate anomalies. These results emphasize the climatic effects on terrestrial NPP and reveal the differences among different terrestrial ecosystems, which is favorable for a better understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its coupling with climate.
Algaecide Controls Geosmin in Tulsa
Authors: Hammond David
Published: May 2022

Key Takeaways

For years, geosmin was causing taste and odor (T&O) issues for the residents of Tulsa, Okla.

With the application of algaecide at the pipe's intake, the median geosmin concentration was reduced by 83%.

While utilities should focus on source water quality, the application of algaecide can help provide immediate relief for T&O issues related to geosmin.
Collaboratively Advancing Water Equity
Authors: Carpenter Letitia
Published: May 2022

Key Takeaways

Some communities in the United States struggle for access to a safe, reliable supply of water as they deal with challenges such as water quality and affordability.

The US Water Alliance embarked on a project in 2018 to lay the foundation for bringing water utilities and community organizations together to explore and resolve issues of water inequity.

Utilities play a significant role in making water equitable for more people, and they can extend the scope of their positive influence in their communities.
Perspectives of different colour‐emissive nanomaterials in fluorescent ink, LEDs, cell imaging, and sensing of various analytes
Authors: Atulbhai Sadhu Vibhuti , Singhal Rakesh Kumar , Basu Hirakendu , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2022

In the past 2 decades, multicolour light‐emissive nanomaterials have gained significant interest in chemical and biological sciences because of their unique optical properties. These materials have drawn much attention due to their unique characteristics towards various application fields. The development of novel nanomaterials has become the pinpoint for different application areas. In this review, the recent progress in the area of multicolour‐emissive nanomaterials is summarized. The different emissions (white, orange, green, red, blue, and multicolour) of nanostructure materials (metal nanoclusters, quantum dots, carbon dots, and rare earth‐based nanomaterials) are briefly discussed. The potential applications of different colour‐emissive nanomaterials in the development of fluorescent inks, light‐emitting diodes, cell imaging, and sensing devices are briefly summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of multicolour‐emissive nanomaterials are discussed.
Recent Developments in Plasmonic Alloy Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Modelling, Properties and Applications
Authors: Coviello Vito , Forrer Daniel , Amendola Vincenzo
Published: May 2022

Despite the traditional plasmonic materials are counted on one hand, there are a lot of possible combinations leading to alloys with other elements of the periodic table, in particular those renowned for magnetic or catalytic properties. It is not a surprise, therefore, that nanoalloys are considered for their ability to open new perspectives in the panorama of plasmonics, representing a leading research sector nowadays. This is demonstrated by a long list of studies describing multiple applications of nanoalloys in photonics, photocatalysis, sensing and magneto‐optics, where plasmons are combined with other physical and chemical phenomena. In some remarkable cases, the amplification of the conventional properties and even new effects emerged. However, this field is still in its infancy and several challenges must be overcome, starting with the synthesis (control of composition, crystalline order, size, processability, achievement of metastable phases and disordered compounds) as well as the modelling of the structure and properties (accuracy of results, reliability of structural predictions, description of disordered phases, evolution over time) of nanoalloys. To foster the research on plasmonic nanoalloys, here we provide an overview of the most recent results and developments in the field, organized according to synthetic strategies, modelling approaches, dominant properties and reported applications. Considering the several plasmonic nanoalloys under development as well as the large number of those still awaiting synthesis, modelling, properties assessment and technological exploitation, we expect a great impact on the forthcoming solutions for sustainability, ultrasensitive and accurate detection, information processing and many other fields.
Dual Photoredox and Cobalt Catalysis Enabled Transformations
Authors: Ram Bajya Kalu , Selvakumar Sermadurai
Published: May 2022

Dual photoredox and cobalt catalysis opens a new and exciting avenue for transition metal catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. The ability of this approach to access low valent cobalt species gives enormous opportunity to develop reactions that relies on stoichiometric methods. In this mini review, we have compiled the most recent development of this dual catalytic system with particular attention paid to the mechanistic details and substrate scope. We hope that this review will be useful for synthetic organic chemists and further stimulate the advancement of more novel strategies.
A novel HNRNPH1::ERG rearrangement in aggressive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jiang Feiling , Lang Xingping , Chen Nan , Jin Liqin , Liu Lingfeng , Wei Xiaobin , Pan Jianhua , Yu Feng , Blake Angella , Xiao Sheng
Published: May 2022

FUS::ERG rearrangement is a recurrent abnormality seen in a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a poor prognosis. We described here a novel HNRNPH1::ERG rearrangement in a de novo AML. The patient was unresponsive to routine chemotherapy and succumbed to the disease just 3 months after diagnosis. Two additional cases of AML with HNRNPH1::ERG rearrangement were discovered by searching a publicly available sequencing database. The three patients share several clinical phenotypes with the FUS::ERG rearranged AML, including high blast count at diagnosis, pediatric or young adult‐onset, and poor overall survival. In addition, hnRNPH1 and FUS are both hnRNP family members, a group of RNA‐binding proteins functioning in RNA metabolism and transport. Therefore, we suggest that patients with HNRNPH1::ERG or FUS::ERG rearrangement belong to the same distinct clinicopathologic subtype of AML, that is, AML with ERG rearrangement. Based on a previous study showing that FUS::ERG binds to the retinoic acid‐responsive elements and that all‐trans retinoic acid‐induced cell differentiation of AML cells, we support the clinical evaluation of an APL‐like therapeutic regimen for AML with ERG rearrangement.
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by age and country of origin in people living in Sweden: A national register study
Authors: Duberg Ann‐Sofi , Lybeck Charlotte , Fält Anna , Montgomery Scott , Aleman Soo
Published: May 2022

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and surveillance is recommended for patients without cirrhosis when risk exceeds an incidence rate (IR) of 0.2%. Populations in Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa have been associated with HCC at younger ages, but the risk after immigration to Western countries should be investigated. The aim of this study was to study HCC by age and country of origin in people with chronic HBV infection in Sweden. Through national registers, residents with chronic HBV diagnosis (1990–2015) were identified with information on country of origin, immigration/emigration, death, coinfections, antiviral therapy, and HCC. Observation time started at HBV diagnosis, and IR and hazard ratios for HCC were calculated by sex, age, and region of origin. Among 16,410 individuals (47% women), the origin and observation time (person years) were as follows: Western Europe, 2316 (25,415); Eastern Europe, 2349 (26,237); Middle East/North Africa, 4402 (47,320); sub‐Saharan Africa, 3677 (30,565); Asia, 3537 (35,358); and other, 129 (1277). There were 232 individuals with HCC (82% in men). The IR increased with age and exceeded 0.2% for Asian men from age group 40–49 years (IR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–1.00), for men of other origins from age group 50–59 years, and for women aged ≥60 years originating from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Middle East/North Africa. After exclusion of patients with cirrhosis or HBV treatment, the IR still exceeded 0.2% in Asian men aged 40–49 years. This study demonstrates that HBV‐infected men of Asian origin should be recommended HCC surveillance at younger ages, but there is a need for further studies of HCC incidence in African‐born men without cirrhosis living in the Western world.
Anticipatory stress during an election: A daily diary study
Authors: Zhu Xianghe , Neupert Shevaun D.
Published: May 2022

Previous research on election stress has focused on reacting to stressors that already occurred, whereas the forecasting of future stressors and associated responses have been underexamined. Leveraging the 2018 U.S. mid‐term election, we examined anticipatory stress response, operationalised as the within‐person association between daily stressors forecasting and negative affect (NA). We also explore whether such responses might be related to time, partisanship and political orientation. Participants were 125 adults in the U.S. who provided 1056 daily reports in a 29‐day daily diary study surrounding the election. Results indicated that daily forecasts of election stressors contributed to increased NA independent of election stressor exposure. Election stressor forecasting was more pronounced during pre‐election days and the election day than post‐election days, as well as greater in conservatives than liberals. Coping with anticipatory stress may be important for managing election stress.
Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome induced by pembrolizumab in patient with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Yamanaka Kazuaki , Tadokoro Rei , Wakita Teppei , Fukae Shota , Yoshida Takahiro , Sekiguchi Masahiro , Kishikawa Hidefumi
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Recent introduction of immuno‐oncology drugs such as pembrolizumab has resulted in improved outcomes for urothelial carcinoma patients. However, immune‐related adverse events generally show great variance and are often difficult to diagnose and control.

Case presentation

An 84‐year‐old Japanese male with urothelial carcinoma metastasis to the lungs after a laparoscopic left radical nephroureterectomy procedure was treated with pembrolizumab, an immuno‐oncology drug, as second‐line therapy. At week 6, inflammatory arthralgia involving the hands and shoulder joints, and edema of the hands were presented. The diagnosis was remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome. Pembrolizumab was discontinued, and oral corticosteroid therapy was started. Two months later, pembrolizumab treatment was resumed because of a significant improvement in patient condition.

Conclusion

Although rare, immune‐related adverse events are occasionally encountered during the use of immune‐oncology drugs; thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important.
Subacute 28 days oral toxicity study of kaempferol and biochanin‐A in the mouse model
Authors: Yangzom Padma , Amruthanand S. , Sharma Meemansha , Mahajan Sumit , Lingaraju Madhu Cholenahalli , Parida Subhashree , Sahoo Monalisa , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Thakur Uttam
Published: May 2022

The present study was undertaken to investigate the safety of kaempferol (KEM) and biochanin‐A (BCA) following subacute exposure in mice. KEM and BCA were administered in three different doses by oral administration for 28 days. Evaluation of general toxicity parameters by examining the clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, and histopathology was done. Administration of KEM and BCA for 28 days did not show any clinical signs of toxicity, nor any treatment‐related changes in body weight and organ weights in comparison to control. The haematological parameters such as red blood cell, white blood cell, platelets count, haemoglobin (Hb) level, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, and platelet distribution width did not show any change in the treated groups and control. Furthermore, different biochemical parameters like markers of the liver (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), kidney (creatinine and urea), and heart (creatinine kinase‐myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase) injury along with other biochemical parameters showed nonsignificant differences between treated groups and control. Results of oxidative stress parameters in treated groups showed insignificant variations with control. The level of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were markedly increased in the treated groups; however, these were nonsignificant in comparison to control. In histopathology, evaluation of all vital organs, such as liver, kidney, heart, and lungs, did not show any morphological abnormalities and lesions in treated groups and control. The present study suggests that KEM and BCA have no adverse effects on the general physiology in mice.
Does the sixth wave of COVID‐19 break in Okinawa?
Authors: Tomochi Masaki , Kono Mitsuo
Published: May 2022

Background

We aimed to forecast possible situations of the COVID‐19 spreading for Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.

Methods

The VSIIR model is proposed to extend the SIIR model to include vaccine effects where the parameter denotes the vaccination rate and is treated as a control parameter on which possible situations for Okinawa would depend.

Results

It is shown that the infection ends without spreading if is satisfied where refers to the antibody duration, for infection and for vaccination, respectively.

Conclusion

It is important to set a vaccination policy that can save lives and maintain daily life at the same time.