bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Grading on Mechanical Parameters and Fracture Toughness of Limestone Concrete
Authors: Golewski Grzegorz Ludwik
Published: July 2023

This work presents a discussion of the basic properties of broken mineral limestone aggregates with the specification of the properties affecting the fracture toughness of concretes made with these aggregates. To determine the influence of the grain-size distribution of coarse aggregates for each concrete series, two types of aggregate grain were used, with maximum grain sizes of 8 mm (series of concrete L1) and 16 mm (series of concrete L2). Fracture-toughness tests were carried out using mode I fractures in accordance with the RILEM Draft recommendations, TC-89 FMT. During the experiments the critical stress-intensity factor (KIcS) and crack-tip-opening displacements (CTODc) were determined. The main mechanical parameters, i.e., the compressive strength (fcm) and splitting tensile strength (fctm), were also assessed. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the grain-size distribution of the limestone aggregate influenced the concrete’s mechanical and fracture-mechanics parameters. The obtained results showed that the series-L2 concrete had higher strength and fracture-mechanics parameters, i.e.,: fcm—45.06 MPa, fctm—3.03 MPa, KIcS—1.22 MN/m3/2, and CTODc —12.87 m10−6. However, the concrete with a maximum grain size of 8 mm (series of concrete L1) presented lower values for all the analyzed parameters, i.e.,: fcm—39.17 MPa, fctm—2.57 MPa, KIcS—0.99 MN/m3/2, and CTODc —10.02 m10−6. The main reason for the lower fracture toughness of the concretes with smaller grain sizes was the weakness of the ITZ in this composite compared to the ITZ in the concrete with a maximum grain size of 16 mm. The obtained test results can help designers, concrete producers, and contractors working with concrete structures to ensure the more conscious composition of concrete mixes with limestone aggregates, as well as to produce precise forecasts for the operational properties of concrete composites containing fillers obtained from carbonate rocks.
Asset Valuation Model for Highway Rigid Pavements Applicable in Public–Private Partnerships Projects
Authors: Arce Luis , Delgadillo Rodrigo , Osorio-Lird Alelí , Araya Felipe , Wahr Carlos
Published: July 2023

Recently, in Chile, infrastructure asset value has been incorporated into highway concession contracts. However, the current valuation model used for rigid pavements is not adapted to the standards and conditions of such projects. This study develops a valuation model for rigid pavements of interurban highway concessions and evaluates it in a case study. The proposed model captures the loss in asset value associated with the performance degradation over time, considering a typical Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JCPC) configuration. The value is calculated using performance indicators that represent the structural capacity and level of service provided to road users. The model represents a significant improvement compared to current asset valuation models used in highway concessions. It enables the public agency to objectively evaluate the preservation of asset value carried out by the private partner during the concession. Additionally, it could also be used as a tool to establish payments between infrastructure stakeholders. Some of the concepts applied could also be relevant for other highway assets existing in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects.
Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Stannylenes: Oxidative Addition of Chalcogen Elements to a Chiral NH-Sn System
Authors: Flanagan Kerry R. , Parish James D. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: July 2023

The reactivity of the racemic N-heterocyclic stannylene [{MeHCN(tBu)}Sn] (1) with the chalcogenide elements O2, S, Se, and Te has been investigated. In the case of the reaction of 1 with molecular oxygen, the cyclic tristannoxane complex [{MeHCN(tBu)}2Sn(μ-O)]3 (3) was isolated and characterised. NMR studies (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) show the formation of D3- and C2- symmetric assemblies. The reaction of 1 with S, Se, and Te, respectively, yielded the cyclo-distannachalcogenide complexes, [{MeHCN(tBu)}2Sn(μ-E)]3 (4: E = S, 5: E = Se, 6: E = Te), again with multinuclear NMR studies proving the formation of C2- and Cs-symmetric assemblies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have been used to elucidate the molecular structures of the products of oxidative addition, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Tailoring of Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of Magnesium Hydride in Organic Acids Solutions and Development of Generator of the Pressurised H2 Based on this Process
Authors: Lototskyy Mykhaylo V. , Davids Moegamat Wafeeq , Sekgobela Tshepo Kgokane , Arbuzov Artem A. , Mozhzhukhin Sergey A. , Zhu Yongyang , Tang Renheng , Tarasov Boris P.
Published: July 2023

Hydrolysis of light metals and hydrides can potentially be used for the generation of hydrogen on-board fuel cell vehicles, or, alternatively, for refilling their fuel tanks with H2 generated and pressurised without compressor on site, at near-ambient conditions. Implementation of this approach requires solution of several problems, including the possibility of controlling H2 release and avoiding thermal runaway. We have solved this problem by developing the apparatus for the controlled generation of pressurised H2 using hydrolysis of Mg or MgH2 in organic acid solutions. The development is based on the results of experimental studies of MgH2 hydrolysis in dilute aqueous solutions of acetic, citric, and oxalic acids. It was shown that the hydrogen yield approaches 100% with a fast hydrolysis rate when the molar ratio acid/MgH2 exceeds 0.9, 2.0, and 2.7 for the citric, oxalic, and acetic acids, respectively. In doing so, the pH of the reaction solutions after hydrolysis corresponds to 4.53, 2.11, and 4.28, accordingly, testifying to the buffer nature of the solutions “citric acid/magnesium citrate” and “acetic acid/magnesium acetate”. We also overview testing results of the developed apparatus where the process rate is effectively controlled by the control of the acid concentration in the hydrolysis reactor.
Investigation of In Vitro Anticancer and Apoptotic Potential of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Cardamine hirsuta (L.) Leaf Extract against Caco-2 Cell Line
Authors: Math Halaswamy Hire , Shashiraj Kariyellappa Nagaraja , Kumar Raju Suresh , Rudrappa Muthuraj , Bhat Meghashyama Prabhakara , Basavarajappa Dhanyakumara Shivapoojar , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Perumal Karthikeyan , Nayaka Sreenivasa
Published: July 2023

Green nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis is eco-friendly, non-toxic, and the NPs have demonstrated improved biocompatibility for use in healthcare. This study evaluated the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs from the leaves of Cardamine hirsuta L. and their biological properties. The UV-Vis. spectra at 411 nm exhibited a distinct resonance spectrum for C-AgNPs produced from C. hirsuta L. FT-IR analysis exhibited the presence of functional groups of phyto-compounds of C. hirsuta responsible of silver salt reduction and capping agents of C-AgNPs. The microscopic-based study, such as HR-TEM analysis, showed that the particles were uniformly distributed, spherical, and ranged in size from 5.36 to 87.65 nm. EDX analysis confirmed a silver (Ag) content of 36.3% by weight, and XRD analysis exhibited the face-centred cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of C-AgNPs. DLS measured the mean particle size of 76.5 nm. The zeta potential was significant at −27.9 mV, and TGA analysis revealed that C-AgNPs had higher thermal stability. C-AgNPs demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity measured by the MTT assay on the Caco-2 cell line demonstrated decreased cell viability with increasing C-AgNPs dosage, with an IC50 concentration of 49.14 µg/mL. In addition, an Annexin-V/Propidium iodide flow cytometric study was utilized to evaluate the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Early and late apoptosis cell populations increased significantly compared to the untreated control. Therefore, green-synthesized C-AgNPs have significant antimicrobial and anti-proliferative abilities, making them intriguing options for future biomedical applications.
Study of the Cathode Pt-Electrocatalysts Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Pt-SnO2 Hetero-Clusters
Authors: Spasov Dmitry D. , Ivanova Nataliya A. , Mensharapov Ruslan M. , Sinyakov Matvey V. , Zasypkina Adelina A. , Kukueva Elena V. , Trigub Alexander L. , Kulikova Elizaveta S. , Fateev Vladimir N.
Published: July 2023

A complex study of the structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the Pt20/SnO210/RGO electrocatalyst is presented. The advantage of the chemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (c-RGO) compared to thermal methods (t-RGO) is due to the formation of graphene plates with amorphous carbon black agglomerates and the chemical composition of the surface. The nature of the interaction between platinum and tin dioxide particles and a conclusion about the formation of heterostructures Pt-SnO2 with the surface interaction of lattices excluding the formation of hetero phases has been established. This achieves high dispersity during the formation of platinum particles without significant agglomeration and increases the electrochemical surface area (ESA) of platinum to 85 m2 g−1 vs. carbon black. In addition, the surface interaction of particles and the formation of hetero-clusters Pt-SnO2 can cause the improved activity and stability of the Pt20/SnO210/c-RGO electrocatalyst.
Validamycin Inhibits the Synthesis and Metabolism of Trehalose and Chitin in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Yonghong , Wu Shunjiao , Wang Baohe , Li Yaying , Liu Yinghong , Wang Jia
Published: July 2023

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a notorious invasive pest that has raised concerns worldwide. Validamycin has been demonstrated to be a very strong inhibitor against trehalase in a variety of organisms. However, whether validamycin can inhibit trehalase activity to suppress trehalose hydrolysis and affect any other relevant physiological pathways in B. dorsalis remains unknown. In this study, the effects of validamycin injection on the synthesis and metabolism of trehalose and chitin were evaluated. The results show that validamycin injection significantly affected trehalase activity and caused trehalose accumulation. In addition, the downstream pathways of trehalose hydrolysis, including the synthesis and metabolism of chitin, were also remarkably affected as the expressions of the key genes in these pathways were significantly regulated and the chitin contents were changed accordingly. Intriguingly, the upstream trehalose synthesis was also affected by validamycin injection due to the variations in the expression levels of key genes, especially BdTPPC1. Moreover, BdTPPC1 was predicted to have a binding affinity to validamycin, and the subsequent in vitro recombinant enzyme activity assay verified the inhibitory effect of validamycin on BdTPPC1 activity for the first time. These findings collectively indicate that validamycin can be considered as a promising potential insecticide for the management of B. dorsalis.
Evaluation of the Clinical Value of KL-6 and Tumor Markers in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Complicated with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Wei Fengqin , Zhang Xinran , Yang Shengnan , Geng Jing , Xie Bingbing , Ren Yanhong , Dai Huaping
Published: July 2023

Objective: primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease, of which the most common complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to analyze the clinical value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153) in patients with pSS complicated with ILD (pSS-ILD), given that only few studies have evaluated this. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Serum KL-6 levels (U/mL) were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay, and concentrations of serum tumor markers were determined using the immunofluorescence method in 64 cases of pSS-ILD (pSS-ILD group), 23 cases without ILD (non-ILD group), and 45 healthy controls. The correlation between KL-6 and tumor markers as well as lung function was analyzed, and the factors that were associated with pSS-ILD were screened. Results: The serum KL-6 was more abnormally increased in patients with pSS-ILD, and the serum KL-6, CEA, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and CA153 levels were significantly higher in the pSS-ILD group than in the non-ILD and healthy control groups (p < 0.05). KL-6, CEA, and CA153 were negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), total lung capacity (TLC%), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that KL-6 was an independent factor associated with pSS-ILD. Conclusions: In conclusion, we evaluated the association between clinical values of KL-6, tumor markers, and pSS-ILD, and found that KL-6 and tumor markers such as CEA, CA153, and CA125 in patients with pSS-ILD were higher than in patients with non-ILD, and KL-6 was more abnormally increased and significantly associated with ILD development in patients with pSS.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair in Patients with Cardiac Implanted Electrical Devices and Trans-Tricuspid Leads
Authors: Alachkar Mhd Nawar , Schnupp Steffen , Eichelsdoerfer Astrid , Milzi Andrea , Mady Hesham , Salloum Basem , Bisht Osama , Cheikh-Ibrahim Mohammed , Forkmann Mathias , Krygier Lukas , Mahnkopf Christian
Published: July 2023

Background: Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair using the edge-to-edge-technique (TEER) has emerged as an alternative therapy in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and high surgical risk. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of tricuspid valve TEER in patients with cardiac implanted electric devices (CIEDs). Methods: All patients who underwent tricuspid valve TEER at our center were retrospectively included. Patients were classified according to the presence of CIEDs. Procedure success was defined as implantation of at least one clip and the reduction of TR of at least one grade. Procedure success and intrahospital outcome were compared between the two groups. Results: One-hundred and six consecutive patients underwent tricuspid TEER (age 80.1 ± 6.4 years, male = 42; 39.6%). Among them, 25 patients (23.6%, age 80.6 ± 7.3 years, male = 14; 56%) had CIEDs. Patients with CIEDs had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) compared to those without CIEDs (47.2 ± 15% vs. 56.2 ± 8.2%, p = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, arterial hypertension was more common in patients with CIEDs (96% vs. 79%, p = 0.048). The success of the procedure did not differ between the non-CIED vs. CIED group (93.8% vs. 92%, p = 0.748). Furthermore, the number and position of implanted clips, the duration of the procedure, the post-procedural pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve, and post-procedural TR severity were comparable between both groups. Conclusion: Tricuspid valve TEER is feasible and efficient in patients with CIEDs. The success of the procedure, as well as the intrahospital outcome were comparable between patients with and without CIEDs.
Management of Anastomotic Leakage after Colorectal Resection: Survey among the German CHIR-Net Centers
Authors: Șandra-Petrescu Flavius , Rahbari Nuh N. , Birgin Emrullah , Kouladouros Konstantinos , Kienle Peter , Reissfelder Christoph , Tzatzarakis Emmanouil , Herrle Florian
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: A widely accepted algorithm for the management of colorectal anastomotic leakage (CAL) is difficult to establish. The present study aimed to evaluate the current clinical practice on the management of CAL among the German CHIR-Net centers. (2) Methods: An online survey of 38 questions was prepared using the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) grading score of CAL combined with both patient- and surgery-related factors. All CHIR-Net centers received a link to the online questionary in February 2020. (3) Results: Most of the answering centers (55%) were academic hospitals (41%). Only half of them use the ISREC definition and grading for the management of CAL. A preference towards grade B management (no surgical intervention) of CAL was observed in both young and fit as well as elderly and/or frail patients with deviating ostomy and non-ischemic anastomosis. Elderly and/or frail patients without fecal diversion are generally treated as grade C leakage (surgical intervention). A grade C management of CAL is preferred in case of ischemic bowel, irrespective of the presence of an ostomy. Within grade C management, the intestinal continuity is preserved in a subgroup of patients with non-ischemic bowel, with or without ostomy, or young and fit patients with ischemic bowel under ostomy protection. (4) Conclusions: There is no generally accepted therapy algorithm for CAL management within CHIR-Net Centers in Germany. Further effort should be made to increase the application of the ISREC definition and grading of CAL in clinical practice.
Profile of Liver Transplant Recipient in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Spain
Authors: Pagnozzi Janet , Álvarez Yuri , González-Pinto Ignacio
Published: July 2023

Spain has the highest rates of liver transplantation (LT) per million inhabitants in the world, with the profiles of both donors and recipients in Asturias, a region in northern Spain, being different from the rest of the country. The main goal of this study was to carry out a preliminary analysis of the characteristics of LT recipients in Asturias, as well as of the basic characteristics of surgery and the postoperative period, and to discuss whether the results obtained in this study were comparable to what is described in the literature. This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, analyzing the LT carried out in a reference center of Asturias between 2002 and 2017. Relative and absolute frequency distributions for qualitative variables are provided, as are position and dispersion measures for quantitative variables. Using the multivariate Cox regression model, the prognostic factors associated with overall survival were determined. A total of 533 LTs were analyzed; 431 were men and 102 were women. The mean age was 55.1 years, concentrated between 40 and 69 years for both genders. LT was performed for chronic parenchymal liver disease (mostly of alcoholic etiology) and the recipients underwent surgery in an advanced stage of liver disease. Of these recipients, 8.1% (43 patients) were retransplantions, 65.1% in the first year due to primary graft dysfunction and complete hepatic artery thrombosis. Most patients had presented a grade II of Clavien−Dindo as the most frequent complication. Biliary complications were found in 12.3% of patients, with the main cause of death in the first 30 days being instability in the 24 h after LT. The median survival of the group was 13 years, with a 5-year survival probability of 79.3% and a 10-year survival probability of 61.9%. In view of the analyzed series, it can be concluded that the most frequent recipient profile was a male patient (mean age 55 years), with a significant alcohol habit, who was overweight, with chronic parenchymal liver disease of alcoholic or viral etiology, and who had reached the Child C stage before LT. This study could lay the foundations for future studies, to complete this analysis with the characteristics of LT surgery, its postoperative period, and the follow-up after discharge, to obtain a broader view of LT recipients in this region.
Safety and Discontinuation Rate of Dimethyl Fumarate (Zadiva®) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Abolfazli Roya , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Tayebi Atefeh , Kafi Hamidreza , Samadzadeh Sara
Published: July 2023

Background: This study evaluates the real-world safety and discontinuation rate of Zadiva® (generic product of dimethyl fumarate (DMF)) in Iranian patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), supplementing existing clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated the real-world safety and discontinuation rate of DMF in RRMS patients from Amir A’lam referral hospital’s neurology clinic. Data on safety, discontinuation rate, and clinical disease activity were collected retrospectively. The study aimed to assess the discontinuation rate, safety, and reasons for discontinuation, as well as the number of patients experiencing a relapse, MRI activity, and EDSS scores. Results: In total, 142 RRMS patients receiving DMF were included in the study, with 15 discontinuing treatment due to adverse events, lack of efficacy, or pregnancy. Notably, a significant reduction in relapse rates was observed, with 90.8% of patients remaining relapse-free throughout the study period. After 1 year of treatment with Zadiva®, only 17.6% of patients experienced MRI activity, whereas the EDSS score remained stable. Conclusions: This study provides important real-world data on the safety and tolerability of Zadiva® in RRMS patients. The results indicate that Zadiva® is generally well tolerated and safe, with a low discontinuation rate due to adverse events or lack of efficacy. These findings suggest that Zadiva® is an effective and safe treatment option for RRMS patients in real-world practice.
COVID-19 in Patients with Pre-Existing Interstitial Lung Disease: Potential Value of a Steroid-Based Treatment Strategy
Authors: Arai Toru , Kurahara Yu , Moda Mitsuhiro , Kobayashi Takehiko , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Kagawa Tomoko , Sugawara Reiko , Tsuyuguchi Kazunari , Inoue Yoshikazu
Published: July 2023

The prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pre-existing interstitial lung disease (preILD) is poor, and no effective treatment strategy has been determined. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a steroid-based treatment strategy for patients with COVID-19 and preILD. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 610 consecutive patients with COVID-19 treated at our institution between 1 March 2020 and 30 October 2021 and identified 7 patients with preILD, all of whom were treated with corticosteroids and remdesivir. All the patients were men with a median age of 63 years. Three of four patients with severe disease required invasive positive-pressure ventilation (n = 2) or nasal high-flow therapy (n = 1). All three patients could be weaned from respiratory support; however, one died in hospital. The remaining patient with severe COVID-19 had a do-not-resuscitate order in place and died while hospitalized. All three patients with moderate COVID-19 were discharged. The 30-day mortality was 0%, and the mortality rate during the entire observation period was 28.5%. The prognosis of our patients with COVID-19 and preILD has been better than in previous reports. Our management strategy using corticosteroids may have improved these patients’ prognosis.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Saudi Patients
Authors: Daghestani Maha , Othman Nashwa , Omair Mohammed A. , Alenzi Fahidah , Omair Maha A. , Alqurtas Eman , Amin Shireen , Warsy Arjumand
Published: July 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex, multifactorial disorder with an autoimmune etiology. RA is highly heritable and is associated with both human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes. We investigated the associations of 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with RA in the Saudi population. Methods: This study included 105 patients with RA and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. The patients with RA attended outpatient clinics at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using Qiagen kits. Primers were designed for the 33 selected SNPs using the MassEXTEND primers program, and samples were genotyped on the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The allele frequencies and genotypes were determined for each SNP, and the results obtained for the patients were compared to those for the controls. Results: The allele and genotype frequencies of six SNPs were significantly associated with RA: rs1188934, rs10919563, rs3087243, rs1980422, rs10499194, and rs629326. The minor alleles of rs1188934, rs10919563, rs10499194, and rs629326 were protective, with odds ratios of 0.542, 0.597, 0.589, and 0.625, and p-values of 0.002, 0.023, 0.013 and 0.036, respectively. In addition, the heterozygote frequencies of two SNPs (rs6859219 and rs11586238) were significantly higher in the controls than in the patients. Conclusions: There is considerable heterogeneity in the genetics of RA in different populations, and the SNPs that are associated with RA in some populations are not in others. We studied 33 SNPs and only eight were associated with RA. The remaining SNPs showed no allelic or genotypic associations with RA.
The Role of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Modalities in Cardio-Oncology: From Early Detection to Unravelling Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Leo Isabella , Vidula Mahesh , Bisaccia Giandomenico , Procopio Maria Cristina , Licordari Roberto , Perotto Maria , La Vecchia Giulia , Miaris Nikolaos , Bravo Paco E. , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara
Published: July 2023

Advances in cancer therapies have led to a global improvement in patient survival rates. Nevertheless, the price to pay is a concomitant increase in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in this population. Increased inflammation and disturbances of the immune system are shared by both cancer and CV diseases. Immunological effects of anti-cancer treatments occur with both conventional chemotherapy and, to a greater extent, with novel biological therapies such as immunotherapy. For these reasons, there is growing interest in the immune system and its potential role at the molecular level in determining cardiotoxicity. Early recognition of these detrimental effects could help in identifying patients at risk and improve their oncological management. Non-invasive imaging already plays a key role in evaluating baseline CV risk and in detecting even subclinical cardiac dysfunction during surveillance. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of advanced cardiovascular imaging techniques in the detection and management of cardiovascular complications related to cancer treatment.
Controversial Aspects of Diagnostics and Therapy of Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: An Analysis of Evidence- and Consensus-Based Recommendations Based on an Interdisciplinary Guideline Project
Authors: Riechmann Merle , Schmidt Christopher , Ahlers M. Oliver , Feurer Ima , Kleinheinz Johannes , Kolk Andreas , Pautke Christoph , Schön Andreas , Teschke Marcus , Toferer Astrid , Lux Christopher J. , Kirschneck Christian , Krombach Gabriele A. , Ottl Peter , Vieth Ulla , Stengel Johanna , Völker Caroline , Neff Andreas
Published: July 2023

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR), though a rare event, is associated with severe detrimental sequelae for the patient. To date, the etiology remains unknown, and treatment strategies are highly controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present an analysis of the consensus- and evidence-based approach to ICR by a German interdisciplinary guideline project of the AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany). Following a systematic literature search, including 56 (out of an initial 97) publications, with a predominantly low level of evidence (LoE), two independent working groups (oral and maxillofacial surgery and interdisciplinary, respectively) voted on a draft comprising 25 recommendations in a standardized anonymized and blinded Delphi procedure. While the results of the votes were relatively homogeneous, the interdisciplinary phase required a significantly higher number of rounds (p < 0.001). Most of the controversial recommendations were related to initial imaging (with consensus on CT/CBCT as the current diagnostic standard for imaging), pharmacotherapy (no recommendation due to lack of evidence), discopexy (no recommendation possible due to low LoE) and timing of orthognathic surgery (with consensus on two-staged procedures after invasive TMJ surgery, except for single-stage procedures if combined with total joint reconstruction). Overall, the Delphi procedure resulted in an interdisciplinary guideline offering the best possible evidence- and consensus-based expertise to date in the diagnosis and treatment of ICR.
Cognitive Impairment in Cardiovascular Patients after Myocardial Infarction: Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Kasprzak Dominika , Kaczmarek-Majer Katarzyna , Rzeźniczak Janusz , Klamecka-Pohl Katarzyna , Ganowicz-Kaatz Teresa , Słomczyński Marek , Budzianowski Jan , Pieszko Konrad , Hiczkiewicz Jarosław , Tykarski Andrzej , Burchardt Paweł
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Assessment of cognitive function is not routine in cardiac patients, and knowledge on the subject remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess post-myocardial infarction (MI) cognitive functioning in order to determine the frequency of cognitive impairment (CI) and to identify factors that may influence it. (2) Methods: A prospective study included 468 patients hospitalized for MI. Participants were assessed twice: during the first hospitalization and 6 months later. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the occurrence of CI. (3) Results: Cognitive dysfunction based on the MMSE was found in 37% (N-174) of patients during the first hospitalization. After 6 months, the prevalence of deficits decreased significantly to 25% (N-91) (p < 0.001). Patients with CI significantly differed from those without peri-infarction deficits in the GFR, BNP, ejection fraction and SYNTAX score, while after 6 months, significant differences were observed in LDL and HCT levels. There was a high prevalence of non-cognitive mental disorders among post-MI patients. (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of CI and other non-cognitive mental disorders, such as depression, sleep disorders and a tendency to aggression, among post-MI patients. The analysis of the collected material indicates a significant impact of worse cardiac function expressed as EF and BNP, greater severity of coronary atherosclerosis expressed by SYNTAX results, and red blood cell parameters and LDL levels on the occurrence of CI in the post-MI patient population.
Challenges of 3D Surface Reconstruction in Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Rukundo Olivier
Published: July 2023

Essential for improving the accuracy and reliability of bowel cancer screening, three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction using capsule endoscopy (CE) images remains challenging due to CE hardware and software limitations. This report generally focuses on challenges associated with 3D visualization and specifically investigates the impact of the indeterminate selection of the angle of the line–of–sight on 3D surfaces. Furthermore, it demonstrates that impact through 3D surfaces viewed at the same azimuth angles and different elevation angles of the line–of–sight. The report concludes that 3D printing of reconstructed 3D surfaces can potentially overcome line–of–sight indeterminate selection and 2D screen visual restriction-related errors.
The U-Shaped Association between Sleep Duration, All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk in a Hispanic/Latino Clinically Based Cohort
Authors: Henríquez-Beltrán Mario , Dreyse Jorge , Jorquera Jorge , Jorquera-Diaz Jorge , Salas Constanza , Fernandez-Bussy Isabel , Labarca Gonzalo
Published: July 2023

Sleep is essential for life, and inappropriate sleep duration patterns may lead to chronic consequences regarding human health. Several studies have confirmed the presence of a U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality. Moreover, many consequences related to cardiometabolic aspects have been suggested in patients with abnormal sleep durations. In this study, we analyzed the associations between sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), the risk of all-cause mortality, and 10-year cardiovascular risk in a cohort of patients at a sleep medicine center in Santiago, Chile. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients (SantOSA). A short TST was defined as ≤6 h, a normal TST as 6 to 9 h, and a long TST as ≥9 h. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for all-cause mortality were calculated. A cross-sectional analysis between TST and 10-year cardiovascular risk (calculated using the Framingham 2008 formula) was determined using logistic regression models. A total of 1385 subjects were included in the results (78% male; median age: 53, interquartile range (IQR): 42–64 years; median BMI: 29.5, IQR: 16.7–33.1). A total of 333 subjects (24%) reported short TSTs, 938 (67.7%) reported normal TSTs, and 114 (8.3%) reported long TSTs. In the fully adjusted model, the association remained significant for short (aHR: 2.51 (1.48–4.25); p-value = 0.01) and long TSTs (aHR: 3.97 (1.53–10.29); p-value = 0.04). Finally, a U-shaped association was found between short and long TSTs, with an increase in cardiovascular risk at 10 years. Compared with normal TSTs, short (≤6 h) and long (≥9 h) TSTs were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and increased 10-year cardiovascular risk.
Virtual Reality Technology to Enhance Conventional Rehabilitation Program: Results of a Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study in Patients with Global Developmental Delay
Authors: Settimo Carmela , De Cola Maria Cristina , Pironti Erica , Muratore Rosalia , Giambò Fabio Mauro , Alito Angelo , Tresoldi Maria , La Fauci Margherita , De Domenico Carmela , Tripodi Emanuela , Impallomeni Caterina , Quartarone Angelo , Cucinotta Francesca
Published: July 2023

Global developmental delay (GDD) is a complex disorder that requires multimodal treatment involving different developmental skills. The objective of this single-blind, randomized, controlled pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of conventional rehabilitation programs integrated with the BTs-Nirvana virtual reality system. Patients with GDD aged 12 to 66 months were enrolled and treated for a 48-session cycle. Patients were randomized into two groups, (1) conventional treatment and (2) conventional treatment supplemented with the use of BTs-Nirvana, in a 1:1 ratio. Before and after treatments, areas of global development were tested with the Griffiths-III Mental Developmental Scale and the clinical indicator of global improvement were measured with the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I). Feasibility was confirmed by the high retention rate. The experimental group presented a significantly improvement in General Quotient (GQ) after treatment (GQ, p = 0.02), and the effect of the two treatments was significantly different in both the GQ (t =2.44; p = 0.02) and the Foundations of Learning subscale (t =3.66; p < 0.01). The overall improvement was also confirmed by the CGI-I (p = 0.03). According to these preliminary data, virtual reality can be considered a useful complementary tool to boost the effectiveness of conventional therapy in children with GDD.
Minimally Invasive Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement in a Potential TAVI Cohort of Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Taghizadeh-Waghefi Ali , Petrov Asen , Jatzke Philipp , Wilbring Manuel , Kappert Utz , Matschke Klaus , Alexiou Konstantin , Arzt Sebastian
Published: July 2023

(1) Background and Objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is guideline-recommended from the age of 75. However, this European guideline recommendation is based on limited evidence, since no interaction between age and primary outcome has been found in guideline-stated references. This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive isolated aortic valve replacement in patients aged ≥ 75 with those of younger patients; (2) Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1339 patients who underwent minimally invasive isolated aortic valve replacement at our facility between 2014 and 2022. This cohort was divided into two age-based groups: <75 and ≥75 years. Operative morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. Further analysis was performed using propensity score matching; (3) Results: After matching, 347 pairs of patients were included and analyzed. Despite the higher EuroSCORE II in the ≥75 group (2.2 ± 1.3% vs. 1.80 ± 1.34%, p ≤ 0.001), the 30-day mortality (1.4% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.90) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, such as perioperative myocardial infarction (0.0% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.12) and stroke (1.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.06), were comparable between both treatment groups; (4) Conclusions: Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is a safe treatment method for patients aged ≥ 75. Our results indicate that the unilateral cut-off of 75 years is not a limiting factor for performing minimally invasive aortic valve replacement.
Myocarditis and Pericarditis Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: Insights from a Pharmacovigilance Perspective
Authors: Alami Abdallah , Villeneuve Paul J. , Farrell Patrick J. , Mattison Donald , Farhat Nawal , Haddad Nisrine , Wilson Kumanan , Gravel Christopher A. , Crispo James A. G. , Perez-Lloret Santiago , Krewski Daniel
Published: July 2023

Concerns remain regarding the rare cardiovascular adverse events, myocarditis and pericarditis (myo/pericarditis), particularly in younger individuals following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Our study aimed to comprehensively assess potential safety signals related to these cardiac events following the primary and booster doses, with a specific focus on younger populations, including children as young as 6 months of age. Using the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), the United States national passive surveillance system, we conducted a retrospective pharmacovigilance study analyzing spontaneous reports of myo/pericarditis. We employed both frequentist and Bayesian methods and conducted subgroup analyses by age, sex, and vaccine dose. We observed a higher reporting rate of myo/pericarditis following the primary vaccine series, particularly in males and mainly after the second dose. However, booster doses demonstrated a lower number of reported cases, with no significant signals detected after the fourth or fifth doses. In children and young adults, we observed notable age and sex differences in the reporting of myo/pericarditis cases. Males in the 12–17 and 18–24-year-old age groups had the highest number of cases, with significant signals for both males and females after the second dose. We also identified an increased reporting for a spectrum of cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain and dyspnea, which increased with age, and were reported more frequently than myo/pericarditis. The present study identified signals of myo/pericarditis and related cardiovascular symptoms after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, especially among children and adolescents. These findings underline the importance for continued vaccine surveillance and the need for further studies to confirm these results and to determine their clinical implications in public health decision-making, especially for younger populations.
Outcomes at 10-Year Follow-Up after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Biliopancreatic Diversion, and Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Verras Georgios-Ioannis , Mulita Francesk , Pouwels Sjaak , Parmar Chetan , Drakos Nikolas , Bouchagier Konstantinos , Kaplanis Charalampos , Skroubis George
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Morbid obesity is a well-defined chronic disease, the incidence of which is constantly rising. Surgical treatment of morbid obesity has produced superior outcomes compared to conventional weight loss measures. Currently, there is a gap in the literature regarding long-term outcomes. Our single-institution, retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate weight loss outcomes, comorbidity reduction, and adverse effects at 10 years following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD), and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG). Materials and Methods: We included all consecutive patients with 10-year follow-up records operated on within our institution. The comparison was carried out on the average percentage of weight and BMI loss. Nausea and vomiting were evaluated through self-reporting Likert scales. Diabetes resolution and nutritional deficiencies were also evaluated. Results: A total of 490 patients from 1995 up to 2011 were included in our study. Of these, 322 underwent RYGB, 58 underwent long-limb BPD, 34 underwent laparoscopic RYGB with fundus excision, 47 underwent laparoscopic SG, and 29 underwent laparoscopic RYGB as a revision of prior SG. RYGB and BPD were significantly associated with higher percentages of weight loss (37.6% and 37.5%), but were not found to be independent predictors of weight loss. Nausea and vomiting were associated with SG and laparoscopic RYGB with fundus excision, more so than the other operations. No differences were observed regarding diabetes resolution and nutritional deficiencies. Conclusions: Longer follow-up reports are important for the comparison of outcomes between different types of bariatric operations. BPD and RYGB resulted in superior weight loss, with no observed differences in diabetes resolution and adverse outcomes.
Adhesion and Cohesion Strength of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Mixed with Different Types and Levels of Catalyst for Wood Composites
Authors: Fitrianum Fadilah , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Hadi Yusuf Sudo , Sari Rita Kartika , Maulana Muhammad Iqbal , Kristak Lubos , Iswanto Apri Heri , Mardawati Efri , Reh Roman , Sedliacik Jan
Published: July 2023

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the most well-known adhesives for exterior use. PF adhesive is one of the commercial thermoset polymers that is used extensively due to its many benefits. This study investigated the influence of different types and levels of catalysts, i.e., NaOH and CaCO3 at 1% and 5% based on the solids content of PF resin on the adhesive properties, adhesion, and cohesion strength of PF resin. The results show that the catalyst type significantly influenced the PF adhesive viscosity and pH. Furthermore, the catalyst level significantly affected the PF adhesive’s solids content, viscosity, and gelation time. The cohesion strength of PF-CaCO3-1% was more significant than the PF control at 75 °C. According to the DMA analysis, the mixed PF-NaOH-5% provided the highest storage modulus, followed by the PF-CaCO3-1%, with values that were not statistically different from one another. The adhesion strength of PF-CaCO3-1% was the highest, whereas the adhesion strength of the PF control was the lowest, as confirmed by the cohesion strength. According to the findings, adding CaCO3-1% as a catalyst of PF resin would result in better adhesive adhesion and cohesion properties for wood composites in the future.
Deep Learning Techniques for Predicting Stress Fields in Composite Materials: A Superior Alternative to Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Shokrollahi Yasin , Nikahd Matthew M. , Gholami Kimia , Azamirad Ghasem
Published: July 2023

Stress evaluation plays a pivotal role in the design of material systems, often accomplished through the finite element method (FEM) for intricate structures. However, the substantial costs and time requirements associated with multi-scale FEM analyses have prompted a growing interest in adopting more efficient, machine-learning-driven strategies. This study investigates the utilization of advanced machine learning techniques for predicting local stress fields in composite materials, presenting it as a superior alternative to traditional FEM approaches. The primary objective of this research is to develop a predictive model for stress field maps in composite components featuring diverse configurations of fibers distributed within the matrix. To achieve this, we employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a specialized U-Net architecture, enabling the correlation of spatial fiber organization with the resultant von Mises stress field. The CNN model was extensively trained using four distinct data sets, encompassing uniform fibrous structures, non-uniform fibrous structures, irregularly shaped fibrous structures, and a comprehensive combination of these data sets. The trained U-Net models demonstrate exceptional proficiency in predicting von Mises stress fields, yielding impressive structural similarity index scores (SSIM) of 0.977 and mean squared errors (MSE) of 0.0009 on a dedicated test set. This research harnesses 2D cross-sectional imagery to establish a surrogate model for finite element analysis, offering an accurate and efficient approach for predicting stress fields in composite material design, irrespective of geometric complexity or boundary conditions.
Optimization of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles for Stimuli-Triggered Antileukemic Drug Release
Authors: Tatar Andra-Sorina , Nagy-Simon Timea , Tigu Adrian Bogdan , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Boca Sanda
Published: July 2023

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is gaining attraction in advanced cancer therapeutics due to the ubiquity of kinases in cell survival and differentiation. Great progress was made in the past years in identifying tyrosine kinases that can function as valuable molecular targets and for the entrapment of their corresponding inhibitors in delivery compounds for triggered release. Herein we present a class of drug-delivery nanocompounds based on TKI Midostaurin-loaded gold nanoparticles that have the potential to be used as theranostic agents for the targeting of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in acute myeloid leukemia. We optimized the nanocompounds’ formulation with loading efficiency in the 84–94% range and studied the drug release behavior in the presence of stimuli-responsive polymers. The therapeutic activity of MDS-loaded particles, superior to that of the free drug, was confirmed with toxicities depending on specific dosage ranges. No effect was observed on FLT3-negative cells or for the unloaded particles. Beyond druggability, we can track this type of nanocarrier inside biological structures as demonstrated via dark field microscopy. These properties might contribute to the facilitation of personalized drug dosage administration, critical for attaining a maximal therapeutic effect.
Quantification of Gas Flaring from Satellite Imagery: A Comparison of Two Methods for SLSTR and BIROS Imagery
Authors: Caseiro Alexandre , Soszyńska Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

Gas flaring is an environmental problem of local, regional and global concerns. Gas flares emit pollutants and greenhouse gases, yet knowledge about the source strength is limited due to disparate reporting approaches in different geographies, whenever and wherever those are considered. Remote sensing has bridged the gap but uncertainties remain. There are numerous sensors which provide measurements over flaring-active regions in wavelengths that are suitable for the observation of gas flares and the retrieval of flaring activity. However, their use for operational monitoring has been limited. Besides several potential sensors, there are also different approaches to conduct the retrievals. In the current paper, we compare two retrieval approaches over an offshore flaring area during an extended period of time. Our results show that retrieved activities are consistent between methods although discrepancies may originate for individual flares at the highly temporal scale, which are traced back to the variable nature of flaring. The presented results are helpful for the estimation of flaring activity from different sources and will be useful in a future integration of diverse sensors and methodologies into a single monitoring scheme.