bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genetic diversity of Centella asiatica using SSR markers
Authors: Sakthipriya M. , Vishnu S.S. , Sujith S. , Kumar P. Rajesh , Sabu K K
Published: June 2018

Genetic diversity represents the heritable variation within and between populations of organisms. A better understanding of genetic diversity and its distribution is essential for its conservation and use. In this study the genetic diversity analysis was performed in 30 accessions of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. using 10 SSR markers. C. asiatica is a tropical medicinal plant from Apiaceae family native to Southeast Asian countries. It is among the top herbs in the category of anti-aging and CNS drugs used worldwide. The whole plant and aerial parts are used widely in traditional and alternative medicines due to its ample pharmacological activities. The molecular screening through microsatellite markers showed low polymorphism (0.019) between the samples analyzed. Further studies, including the effect of environmental factors, genetic composition or possibility of inbreeding, are required to analyze the probable reason for the low variability exists in the species.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 103-109
Comprehensive Review on Manufacturing Process and Characterization of Biosimilar Drugs
Authors: Mehmood Yasir
Published: June 2018

According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of deadly neoplasms and endocrine, blood, and immune disorders will observe an incredible rise in coming decades followed by increased demand of affordable treatments. Keeping this incident in mind, the development of similar drugs is increasing globally. The sanction of such drugs depends on the conformity with international regulations, which starts with physical presentation of similarities that lie in their physiochemical and functional properties in contrast to the relating product. Consecutive clinical studies are done to physically present similar pharmacological behaviour and to curtail the distrust in relation to their safety points and effectiveness. Here we are to present a physical and biological testing of biosimilar and its reference product, by making use of different procedures and approaches, to judge the physicochemical and biological peculiarities with every possible impact it can cause on its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 53-62
Synthesis, characterization and single crystal X-ray analysis of azobenzene-4, 4′-dicarbonyl chloride
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2018

The title compound azobenzene-4, 4′-dicarbonyl chloride has been synthesized in distilled dichlomethane and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), IR and NMR (1H & 13C) studies. The crystal and molecular structure was further confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It was crystallized in triclinic crystal system with space group P-1. The centrosymmetrically related molecules held together via C–H---O secondary interaction result in molecular aggregation of the compound.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 132-136
Effect of Carbafuran Pesticide on Mitotic Chromosomes of Mus musculus
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Verma Rohit Kumar , Roy Prabhat Kumar
Published: June 2018

The Genotoxic effect of the carbafuran pesticide was evaluated in the metaphasic chromosomes of bone marrow cells of female Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus . Six week old mice were put into different groups(six mice per group) and treatment were done according to experimental plan (CLD15 i.e. lower dose =30ppm or 0.03mg/ml and CHD30 i.e. higher dose =300ppm or 0.3mg/ml).The test material was administered orally for 15 days in CLD15 and for 30 days in CHD30 test groups of female mice. The result revealed that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities i.e. structural and numerical changes were11.5% in control, 74.0%in CLD15 and 99.0%in CHD30, respectively in bone marrow cells of female mice.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 169-173
Editorial
Authors: Baral Tara , K.C. Khadga
Published: June 2018

Journal of Political Science Vol.1(1) 1998
The Question of "Political Will" and the Challenge of Deepening Regional Cooperation in South Asia
Authors: Khatri Sridhar K
Published: June 2018

Journal of Political Science Vol.1(1) 1998 p.32-42
Upper House Elections in Japan: An Observation
Authors: K.C. Khadga
Published: June 2018

Journal of Political Science Vol.7(1) 2004 p.15-19
An Appraisal on Second Democratic Experience in Nepal (1990-2004)
Authors: Baral Uma Nath
Published: June 2018

Journal of Political Science Vol.7(1) 2004 P.51-61
PERAN FACEBOOK DALAM KAMPANYE POLITIK PEMILUKADA DI KABUPATEN OGAN KEMIRING ULU
Authors: Alfani Hendra
Published: June 2018

Facebook, one of social media, becomes a new space for everyone to interact and socialize without being limited by space and time, like in conventional media (mainstream). In its development, social media is also used to support political campaign in general election of regional head (Pemilukada). In addition to reaching the audience without being limited space and time, the cost is also cheap and efficient. Facebook has been chosen by candidates for regional heads as a medium of communication and socialization, not just relying on television media, advertisements in newspapers, banners, billboards, and other media. Candidates also take advantage of social media technology through facebook with the aim to provide access to information for public through cyberspace. The use of facebook is also done by the pair of candidates in the regional head election of Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) South Sumatra Province in 2015. This study found the use of facebook is quite significant by both pairs of candidates in the election OKU in order socialization and political campaign.
Reforming Canada’s Special Access Programme (SAP) to improve access to off-patent essential medicines
Authors: Houston Adam R , Blais Catherine-Marie , Houston Stan , Ward Brian J
Published: June 2018

Many essential medicines, including basic drugs such as albendazole, do not have approval to be marketed in Canada. Instead, they are only available through a federal government mechanism: the Special Access Programme (SAP). SAP was designed as a mechanism to provide emergency access to new drugs not yet authorized for sale, not for proven medicines that appear on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. Because it was never intended or designed to fulfill this function, SAP creates needless access barriers that inhibit timely and effective care, particularly for patients with tropical, parasitic, and other infectious diseases. Regulatory changes to resolve this problem are readily achievable and should be prioritized.
Introduction: Play, Visual strategies and Innovative Approaches to Graduate Student Writing Development
Authors: Amell Brittany , Badenhorst Cecile
Published: June 2018

We begin by introducing the special section of the Canadian Journal for Studies in Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie on play, visual strategies and innovative approaches to graduate student writing development. Most exciting for us to see as editors of this special section is how many authors from various locales are drawing on creative methods, signalling to us that in some ways this is a burgeoning area. We have papers from Germany, the U.K., Thailand, and at least three provinces in Canada. We have some poetry, examples of collages, photos of cats, shapes, and Lego™. We include the abstracts for each of the papers.
Kajian Rancangan Promo Album Faito 61 Tahun 2008
Authors: Fajaraditya Setiawan I Nyoman Anom
Published: June 2018

Music has many lovers, especially in Bali there are many bands from various musical genres. In the development of indie music labels required hard work in creativity as supporting the popularity and success in the field of music. Faito 61, the band that existed from many hardcore bands of Bali maintained its existence with it so it is known among hardcore music fans from 2004-2010. Efforts to improve creativity and quality, Faito 61 released its first album as proof of maturity to fans and the community in addition to the creations of musicians that can generate and increase the band's popularity. It utilizes visual communication media as a supporting tool to maximize the album promo and this can also increase the popularity and sales of Faito 61 album. The existing media is so diverse that it needs to be selective and in accordance with theories, concepts and field conditions. For such provision it must begin with research and theoretical review. The hardcore concept is lifted according to the flow of the band. The design of Faito 61 album promo media, applied hardcore elements ranging from illustrations, typography and colors. Data obtained from direct interviews with direct observation media that has been owned so far then compared with design theory. Further analyzed qualitatively so that it can be concluded as the basic design.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Spraycan sebagai Katalog Pameran “Voice of Wall 6 Hours Exhibition”
Authors: Carollina Donna
Published: June 2018

The rampant of graffiti activity in Yogyakarta has an impact on increasing the amount of spraycan waste that became the main tools in this activity. The utilization of spraycan waste then becomes an interesting thing, as shown in the street art exhibition catalog “Voice of Wall 6 Hours Exhibition”. This exhibition used spraycan waste as a catalog exhibition. Thus this catalog exhibition has been interesting thing to study. This study uses qualitative descriptive method to get a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the utilization of spraycan waste as the exhibition catalog of “Voice of Wall 6 Hours Exhibition”.
Fotografi Di Era Media Sosial : Studi “Toko Memorabilia” Karya Agan Harahap
Authors: Purnomo Aji Susanto Anom
Published: June 2018

The development of photography technology in the era of social media currently contribute various problems that need to be studied and reflected. One of them is about the essence or meaning of the presence of "photography" itself. This paper reflect the essence or meaning of photography in the social media based on the theory of reading photographs "cynical phenomenology" by Roland Barthes through a case study study of "Toko Memorabilia" which is one of the social criticisms by the artist Agan Harahap. Memories Commodification  and visual carnivals are two instruments of meaning that the author discovers in his critical reflection journey and will be described further through this study.
Trainer Atmega32 Sebagai Media Pelatihan Mikrokontroler Dan Arduino
Authors: Desnanjaya I Gusti Made Ngurah , Iswara Ida Bagus Ary Indra
Published: June 2018

The microcontroller is one of the necessary parts of a computer system. In a simple microcontroller will produce a specific output based on the input received and the program given. The microcontroller as semiconductor technology its presence greatly assist the development of electronics world. With a functional architecture but contains a lot of transistor content is integrated, thus supporting the creation of a more portable electronic circuit. One effort made to graduate Computer Systems courses can compete in the world of work is to provide more practice. Therefore it takes the media trainer microcontroller training to facilitate practical activities. Through this research, hope can realize a media trainer microcontroller training that can do the instructions given. That is, the most critical part of a computerized system is the program itself created by a programmer.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Bengkel Vespa di Denpasar
Authors: Githa Dwi Putra , Sutramiani Ni Putu
Published: June 2018

Vespa is a vehicle that has its own charm of its distinctive shape. Vespa has fanatical fans around the world including in Denpasar Bali, either modern vespa or classic vespa. But sometimes riding a vespa (especially a classic vespa) although routine maintenance of the vespa may still be problematic when driving, whether it's a strike in the middle of the journey, broken clutch rope or tire broke while on the way. Information about the vespa workshop is the information that the vespa rider must know. Geographic information system of vespa workshop in Denpasar can be a solution to provide information about the location and route to the vespa workshop in Denpasar. The system is created using the concept of web-mobile, so that each device is capable of using the system with only the web-browser.The result of designing and building geographic information system of Vespa workshop in Denpasar is system consist of user menu and admin menu. Users can view information about the vespa workshop and the route to the vespa workshop. The admin menu is dedicated to managing vespa workshop data in the system.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Promosi Model Tatanan Rambut Pada Barbershop Berbasis Android
Authors: Karda Putu Adistyanda Timoti Raja , Suyadnya I Made Arsa , Khrisne Duman Care
Published: June 2018

The development of barbershop makes business competition becomes increasingly tight. Currently, information and communication technology is very important in the field of barbershop marketing. But this technology only shows details of the existence of barbershop. In addition, the catalog of hairstyles that are provided only in the form of 2-dimensional images. Therefore, more advanced technology is needed to promote the model of hairstyle available in barbershop. One of the technology applied in smartphone applications is Augmented Reality on the Android operating system. In this research will be developed an Augmented Reality based promotion media to promote hair model model with 3 dimensional object visualization using marker based tracking method. Development of this application starts from the stage of concept creation, application design, 3-dimensional object creation, application assembly, application testing, until the application distribution stage. This application was created using C # programming language, Vuforia Qualcomm, virtual and Unity Autodeks Maya software. The application that has been produced is tested by 2 methods that is by black-box testing and by usability scale system test, on the test of black -box AugmentedReality application of functional barbershop that exist in the application has been successfully executed according to their respective function. Based on survey results on Usabilty ScaleSystem(SUS) test on Augmented Reality Barbershop application, 20 respondents gave average score of 73.35 with Grade Scale C.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Perhitungan Angka Kredit Dosen STMIK STIKOM Indonesia
Authors: Arie Minartiningtyas Brigida , Adi Sumariata I Ketut
Published: June 2018

Operational Guidance Assessment of Credit Score Increase / Rank Academic Lecturer issued by Directorate General of Higher Education Ministry of Education and Culture Year 2014 indicates that each lecturer is entitled to propose the proposed increase in functional positions with the calculation of credit numbers, not exception for lecturer fixed foundation at Private Higher Education. STMIK STIKOM Indonesia is one of the private universities that still use a manual system to perform data processing for lecturers who will propose promotion and positions of lecturers. The number of elements or criteria and different values in each element in the assessment of credit numbers cause lecturers have difficulty in calculation and obtain information about the functional level of the positions, therefore required a computer application that can assist in the process of calculation quickly, precisely and accurately so it can be made a reference before proposing a functional promotion. From the test results that have been done can be seen that the system built has been able to run well. All system functionality goes in line with expectations
Childless Women in Georgia
Authors: Gavashelishvili Elene
Published: June 2018

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is gradually becoming available in Georgia,
but while the medical technologies are being developed, the Georgian Orthodox
Church opposes the idea of having a child through what it declares to be unnatural
ways. Despite the authority of the Church, the Orthodox discourse about IVF is not
directly incorporated into the everyday lives of people. Ethnographical observation
has allowed an exploration of how childless women in Georgia reconcile modern
reproductive technologies with their religion. In order to explain the hybridity in
women’s attempts to make official religiosity better adapted to everyday life, I use
the concept of bricolage as applied to the social practices of women who assemble
different, seemingly disjointed, resources in coping with problematic situations.
Religious Practices in the Modern Ceremonial Lives of the Kyrgyz People
Authors: Kochkunov Aidarbek Sulaimankulovich
Published: June 2018

This article is an ethnographic exploration of three topics regarding
the practice of religion in contemporary Kyrgyzstan that provides insights into
the spiritual life of Kyrgyz people in local communities. The topics are features
of religiosity as expressed in rituals, the nature of personal and shared beliefs
inherent in the performance of ceremonies, and the influence of religious identity
on relationships among family, kin groups and communities. Through extensive
research about religion and ritual in various areas of Kyrgyzstan, changes over
time are examined. Although at times the differences among people adhering to
more traditional versus the more newly emerging Islamic approaches to death
ceremonies and monuments may cause conflict among relatives, in general such
rituals and markers provide opportunities for social integration and common
identity.
Eschatology in Boir Ahmad, Iran
Authors: Friedl Erika , Loeffler Reinhold
Published: June 2018

This article is an ethnographic dissection of ideas pertaining to
eschatology in a Shi’a Muslim tribal area in Iran that reveals the syncretistic
possibilities in lived Islam, the generosity of the local culture regarding matters
of religion, and individuals’ motivations for selecting certain possibilities to
think about death and the afterlife. A common theme is for people to look at
religious tenets as they pertain to this-worldly relations and can be approached
with empirical experiences, all within the general frame of a regulated universe
created by a merciful, understanding God. Research for this discussion stretched
across 50 years in Iran.
‘Almost Mahram’
Authors: Wellman Rose
Published: June 2018

This article explores how an American anthropologist navigated the
complicated rules of gender avoidance and veiling while living in the home of
Iranian state supporters (or members of the Basij, Iran’s paramilitary organisation)
in a provincial town in Fars Province. I argue that mahram is configured and
activated not only by the dictums of Islamic law, but also according to contexts
such as living circumstances, interpersonal trust and town politics. Mahram
extends far beyond marriage exclusion: it is a matter of context and creation –
the embodiment of mutual (dis)trust, piety and closeness. The recognition and
practice of mahram is shifting, fluid and situational.
Report
Authors: Hegland Mary Elaine
Published: June 2018

Zahra Tizro, Domestic Violence in Iran: Women, Marriage and Islam (New
York: Routledge, 2012)
Epidemiology of ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation: a National Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Tackeun , Kwon O-Ki , Bang Jae Seung , Lee Heeyoung , Kim Jeong Eun , Kang Hyun-Seung , Cho Won-Sang , Oh Chang Wan
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a rare cerebrovascular disease that causes intracranial hemorrhage. Although several reports have demonstrated the epidemiological features of BAVM in Western countries, no epidemiological investigations regarding BAVM have been reported in Korea. The authors aimed to investigate the national epidemiology of ruptured BAVM in a Korean population.

METHODS

The authors used data from the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). The original cohort included approximately 1 million individuals (2% of the Korean population) with 12-year claim data (2002–2013). To construct an initial cohort for investigation, the authors selected 1,016,820 registered individuals in 2005. Subjects with a history of cerebrovascular disease (code I6xx) and BAVM (Q282) between 2002 and 2004 were washed-out to identify incident cases. During the 9-year follow-up (2005–2013), the incidence of BAVM was calculated using the earliest date of diagnosis of ruptured or unruptured BAVM. Direct standardization was applied to the crude incidence. Mortality and disability were evaluated using registration data. Related diagnostic procedures were also analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 8,802,696 person-years of observation were noted. During observation, 308 patients were diagnosed with a ruptured BAVM. The crude incidence of ruptured BAVM was 3.5 per 100,000 person-years. There was no sex difference in incidence. The mortality rate for patients with a ruptured BAVM 1 month after diagnosis was 12.7%. At 1-year and 5-year follow-up examinations, mortality rates were 17.2% and 22.1%, respectively. Severe disability–free survival rates of patients with ruptured AVMs were 75.3% and 69.8% at 1-year and 5-year follow-up, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The standardized incidence of ruptured BAVMs was 3.6 per 100,000 person-years in Korea. Ruptured BAVMs resulted in high mortality and disability rates.
A sustained systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wessell Aaron P. , Kole Matthew J. , Cannarsa Gregory , Oliver Jeffrey , Jindal Gaurav , Miller Timothy , Gandhi Dheeraj , Parikh Gunjan , Badjatia Neeraj , Aldrich E. Francois , Simard J. Marc
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to evaluate whether a sustained systemic inflammatory response was associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of 193 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was performed. Management of hydrocephalus followed a stepwise algorithm to determine the need for external CSF drainage and subsequent shunt placement. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) data were collected for all patients during the first 7 days of hospitalization. Patients who met the SIRS criteria every day for the first 7 days of hospitalization were considered as having a sustained SIRS. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine predictors of shunt dependence.

RESULTS

Sixteen percent of patients required shunt placement. Sustained SIRS was observed in 35% of shunt-dependent patients compared to 14% in non–shunt-dependent patients (p = 0.004). On multivariate logistic regression, female sex (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.142–0.885), moderate to severe vasospasm (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.333–10.745), acute hydrocephalus (OR 21.39, 95% CI 2.260–202.417), and sustained SIRS (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.125–7.689) were significantly associated with shunt dependence after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.83 for the final regression model.

CONCLUSIONS

Sustained SIRS was a predictor of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage even after adjustment for potential confounding variables in a multivariate logistic regression model.
The five-repetition sit-to-stand test: evaluation of a simple and objective tool for the assessment of degenerative pathologies of the lumbar spine
Authors: Staartjes Victor E. , Schröder Marc L.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Recently, objective functional tests have generated interest since they can supplement an objective dimension to clinical assessment. The five-repetition sit-to-stand (5R-STS) test is a quick and objective tool that tests movements frequently used in everyday life. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 5R-STS test in patients with degenerative pathologies of the lumbar spine.

METHODS

Patients and healthy volunteers completed the standardized 5R-STS, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, and EQ-5D for health-related quality of life (HRQOL). To assess convergent validity, the 5R-STS test times were correlated with these questionnaires.

RESULTS

Overall, 157 patients and 80 volunteers were enrolled. Direct correlation with RMDQ (r = 0.49), ODI (r = 0.44), and VAS for back pain (r = 0.31) and indirect correlation with the EQ-5D index (r = −0.41) were observed (p < 0.001). The 5R-STS test showed no correlation with VAS for leg pain and EQ-5D VAS (p > 0.05). In 119 individuals, the 5R-STS test demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98. The upper limit of normal, distinguishing patients with and without objective functional impairment, was identified as 10.35 seconds. A severity stratification classified patients with test times of 10.5–15.2, 15.3–22.0, or greater than 22.0 seconds as having mild, moderate, or severe functional impairment, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The 5R-STS test is a simple and effective tool to describe objective functional impairment. A patient able to perform the test in 10.4 seconds can be considered to have no relevant objective functional impairment.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03303300 (clinicaltrials.gov)
A two-level approach to generate synthetic argumentation reports
Authors: Saint-Dizier Patrick
Published: June 2018

Given an issue and related propositions for or against it, a major challenge to make these propositions accessible to readers is to produce a synthesis that is readable, synthetic enough, and relevant for various types of needs and points of view. Based on the Generative Lexicon (GL) Qualia Structure, which is a kind of lexical and knowledge repository, that we have enhanced in different manners and associated with inferences and language patterns, we show, via a number of preliminary experiments, how to construct a synthesis that outlines the typical elements found in propositions for or against a controversial issue. We propose a two-level approach: a synthesis of the propositions that have been mined, and navigation facilities that allow users to access arguments, structured in clusters, in order to get more details. This approach contributes to characterize why and how propositions support or attack an issue or some facets of that issue.
An annotation scheme for Rhetorical Figures
Authors: Harris Randy Allen , Di Marco Chrysanne , Ruan Sebastian , O’Reilly Cliff
Published: June 2018

There is a driving need computationally to interrogate large bodies of text for a range of non-denotative meaning (e.g., to plot chains of reasoning, detect sentiment, diagnose genre, and so forth). But such meaning has always proven computationally allusive. It is often implicit, ‘hidden’ meaning, evoked by linguistic cues, stylistic arrangement, or conceptual structure – features that have hitherto been difficult for Natural Language Processing systems to recognize and use. Non-denotative textual effects are the historical concern of rhetorical studies, and we have turned to rhetoric in order to find new ways to advance NLP, especially for sophisticated tasks like Argument Mining. This paper highlights certain rhetorical devices that encode levels of meaning that have been overlooked in Computational Linguistics generally and Argument Mining particularly, and yet lend themselves to automated detection. These devices are the linguistic configurations known as Rhetorical Figures. We argue for the importance of these devices for Argument Mining, especially in collocations, and we present an XML annotation scheme for Rhetorical Figures to make figuration more tractable for computational approaches, particularly with an eye on the improvements they offer Argument Mining. We also discuss the intellectual and technical challenges involved in figure annotation and the implications for Machine Learning.
Representing argumentation schemes with Constraint Handling Rules (CHR)
Authors: Gordon Thomas F. , Friedrich Horst , Walton Douglas
Published: June 2018

We present a high-level declarative programming language for representing argumentation schemes, where schemes represented in this language can be easily validated by domain experts, including developers of argumentation schemes in informal logic and philosophy, and serve as executable specifications for automatically constructing arguments, when applied to a set of assumptions. Since argumentation schemes are defeasible inference rules, both premises and conclusions of schemes can be second-order schema variables, i.e. without a fixed predicate symbol. Thus, while particular schemes can be and have been implemented in computer programs, in general argumentation schemes cannot be represented as executable specifications using logic programming languages based on first-order logic, such as Prolog. Moreover, even if the conclusion (head) of Prolog rules could be second-order variables, a depth-first, backward-chaining search strategy, as typically used in logic programming, would usually cause such programs to not terminate, since every goal would match the head of such a scheme, including all goals created by instantiating the body of the same scheme. The language for representing argumentation schemes presented here, for the purpose of automatically constructing arguments, uses Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), a declarative, Turing complete, forwards-chaining, rule-based programming language introduced by Thom Frühwirth in 1991. CHR is attractive for representing and implementing argumentation for several reasons, including: 1) Inference rules, rewrite rules, sequents, proof rules, and logical axioms can be directly written in CHR. 2) The execution of CHR rules can be interrupted and restarted at any time, with intermediate results approximating the final solution, and 3) Constraints can be input incrementally as they become known, during rule execution, without requiring recomputation. These three properties of CHR appear attractive for representing and implementing argumentation schemes. Since argumentation schemes are (defeasible) inference rules, the ability of CHR to represent inference rules directly would appear to be quite useful. The ability to stop the computation and produce approximate results is compatible with one objective of argumentation, to provide a principled method for supporting approximate reasoning with limited resources. Because argumentation typically takes place in dialogs, with evidence and arguments brought forward and asserted by the participants incrementally, during the course of the dialog, CHR’s ability to handle new information, incrementally introduced during the computation, may be useful. This new rule language for representing argumentation schemes is validated by using it to represent twenty representative argumentation schemes.
“Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination for cervical cancer prevention. Is it safe and effective?”
Authors: Gunawardane Damitha Asanga
Published: June 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer in women. Most of the cervical cancers are linked to genital infection with HPV and it is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. At present, there are three types of HPV vaccines available. Even though HPV vaccination is a primary prevention tool, that does not eliminate the need for routine cervical screening, since the vaccines do not protect against all high-risk HPV types. Ninety percent of HPV infections have no clinical consequences at all whether they are high-risk or low-risk subtypes of HPV. All three types of HPV vaccines have very high vaccine efficacy for prevention of HPV infection among females aged 14 to 26 years. Proper assessment of the safety of HPV vaccine is a problem even after proper systematic review since the most of the clinical trials on the safety of the vaccines were used Hepatitis A vaccine or high immunogenicity enhancing aluminium adjuvant as their placebo. HPV vaccination would be very cost effective for the countries when there is no cervical screening program or if the programme coverage is very poor.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.329-336
Influence of altiazem pp-180 on hemodynamic parameters in arterial hypertension patients under outpatient conditions
Authors: Zhakiyeva Gulzhakhan Ryskalievna , Tulegenova Lyubov Muratovna , Ibragimova Nuria Zakarievna , Kelimberdiyev Saubet Molbaevich , Tokbayeva Kulsin Kolganatovna
Published: June 2018

Background: The objective is to study the time-dependent hemodynamic effects of altiazem PP-180 and the blood circulation parameters in patients with arterial hypertension of the II degree in outpatient polyclinic conditions.Methods: The study included 78 patients with essential II grade AH aged 42 to 73 years (mean age of 57.65 ± 0.6). Among them were 28 men and 50 women. The duration of the disease ranged from 4 to 23 years (an average of 9.2 ± 0.12). All the groups involved in the research were divided into two subgroups: the main group and the control group. The control group included 30 patients, who took A-180 once a day at non-fixed hours. The main group included 48 patients, who were divided into random subgroups depending on the time they took A-180 once a day. Within 3 days prior to treatment and during the 10-day treatment course, the medical staff measured all the pateints’ heart rate and blood pressure by NC Korotkoff every 3 hours, 6 times a day. The patients’ heart rate and blood pressure were alternatively self-measured. Prior to treatment and at the end of the 10-day course of therapy with altiazem PP-180, all the patients involved in the research underwent ECG examination and echocardiography on the Aloka machine (Japan).Results: The most favorable hemodynamic support for the hypotensive effect of altiazem PP-180 was observed when patients took it at 7 a.m., 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. in their normal mode of work and rest. When patients took altiazem PP-180 at 1 p.m, 4 p.m. and 7 p.m., its hypotensive effect was due to less favorable hemodynamic support.Conclusions: When taken at different hours of the day - both fixed and non-fixed hours - altiazem PP-180 caused a distinct hypotensive effect in patients with the II degree AH in outpatient polyclinic conditions.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.360-368
Investigation of calcium metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by chronic heart failure, stage ii-a
Authors: Khrystyna Pohoretska , Liudmyla Patskan , Halyna Stoikevych , Miz Andriy , Mariya Marushchak , Inna Krynytska
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study aims to to investigate calcium metabolism indices and bone mineralization in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by stage II-A chronic heart failure.Materials and Methods: The study involved 33 men with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by Stage II-A chronic heart failure (according to the classification by N.D. Strazhesko, V.H. Vasilenko and G.F. Lung (1935). Bone mineral density was measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry of lumbar region of spine. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(ОН)D) has been detected by ELISA method using commercial Vitamin D3 screening kit (Switzerland). The level of ionized calcium was measuring by ion selective method using analyser of electrolytes AEK-01 (QuertiMed, Ukraine).Results and Discussion: Structural and functional changes of bone tissue of the lumbar spine have been found in 49,2 percent patients with coronary heart disease complicated by Stage II-A chronic heart failure, in particular, I stage of osteopenia – in 44,6 %, II stage of osteopenia – in 27,7 %, III stage of osteopenia – in 10,8 % and osteoporosis – in 16,9 %. It was established the same type of downward trend for BMD decreasing in L1 of patients with different stages of osteopenia, but in case of osteoporosis mineralization decreased equally in all vertebrae. The analysis of calcium metabolism indices indicate that concentration of ionized calcium significantly decreased in patients with CHD complicated by Stage II-A chronic heart failure vs control (1.26±0.02 mmol/l) by 11.1 % (I stage of osteopenia), 18.3 % (II stage of osteopenia) and 31.7 % (III stage of osteopenia). Similar tendency was observed towards concentration of 25(ОН)D.Conclusion: In patients with CHD complicated by Stage II-A chronic heart failure we have established statistically significant decrease in serum level of ionized calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. However, we didn’t find the relationship between serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and bone mineral density. Structural and functional changes of bone tissue of the lumbar spine have been found in 49,2 percent patients with coronary heart disease complicated by Stage II-A chronic heart failure. It was established the same type of downward trend for BMD decreasing in L1 of patients with different stages of osteopenia, but in case of osteoporosis mineralization decreased equally in all vertebrae.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.395-401
Relationship between Coping Mechanisms to Psychosocial Stress with Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Aung Sithu , Musa Ramli , A Jamalludin Rahman , M Azarisman Shah , Abdullah Aszrin
Published: June 2018

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Prehypertension is a precursor of hypertension, with high prevalence in young adults. Psychosocial stress can be one of the modifiable risk factors for hypertension. The objective of the study is to assess the relationship between coping mechanism to psychosocial stress and the blood pressure of young adults.Methods: A comparative crosssectional pilot study was conducted in 36 young adults aged less than 45 years. The pulse rate, blood pressure and body mass index of the respondents were recorded. Psychosocial stress was measured by plasma cortisol following an acute mental stress test; and the level of stress and the coping strategies to stress were assessed using validated Malay Version questionnaires: DASS- 21 and Brief R-COPE questionnaires.Results: Forty four percent of subjects had normotension and fifty six percent had above-normal blood pressure (prehypertension and mild hypertension). Subjects with above-normal blood pressure were associated with high plasma cortisol levels (p = 0.032), and high body mass indexes (BMI) (p = 0.004). Maladaptive coping strategy was found to be associated with high stress scores (p = 0.019). The relationship between stress and cortisol was not significant, though a higher cortisol level was noted in the high blood pressure group.Conclusion: In conclusion, higher cortisol levels and greater BMIs were associated with above-normal blood pressure in young adults. These findings are useful for future research in this area, and the continuation of this study will hopefully yield a more significant relationship.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.439-445
Clodinafop-Propargyl Resistance Genes in Lolium rigidum Guad. Populations Are Associated with Fitness Costs
Authors: Sabet Zangeneh Hossein , Mohammaddust Chamanabad Hamid Reza , Zand Eskandar , Alcántara-de la Cruz Ricardo , Travlos Ilias S. , De Prado Rafael , Taghi Alebrahim Mohammad
Published: June 2018

Amino acid substitutions that confer herbicide-resistance may cause fitness costs in mutant plants at unfavorable levels in contrast to wild-species. The fitness costs in three Lolium rigidum populations (AH3 (Ile-2041-Asn) and BO2 (Ile-1781-Leu) as resistant (R) to clodinafop-propargyl, an ACCase (acetyl-CoAcarboxylase) inhibitor, carrying the mutations 1781 and 2041, respectively, and HF as susceptible (S)) were studied during 2014 and 2016. The germination rates and percentages of the three L. rigidum populations, and competition between them and Triticum aestivum using substitution series experiments were assessed. The BO2 and AH3 populations showed resistance to clodinafop-propargyl due to mutations in their ACCase genes. The germination rate for L. rigidum decreased as the sowing depth increased, with the lowest germination rate being found at 8 cm. AH3 and HF populations presented higher seed germination under water and NaCl salinity stress, but no fitness cost variations were observed among these R populations under optimal growth conditions. Diverse germination responses to light conditions were observed between the S and R L. rigidum populations. The highest germination percentage was observed in the HF population at the two-week lighting + two-week darkness regime. The comparison of relative yield total and relative crowding coefficient showed that T. aestivum was more competitive than L. rigidum. However, among ACCase-resistant L. rigidum populations, AH3 population was the most competitive presenting no fitness costs. This R population was more competitive than the S (HF) one under competitive conditions. These results show that fitness costs in the R L. rigidum populations vary according to the specific mutation at the ACCase gene that confers resistance to clodinafop-propargyl. In conclusion, mutations occurring at the 2041 position in the ACCase gene caused fitness costs, but those occurring at the 1781 position did not generate fitness costs for L. rigidum. Therefore, non-chemical methods should be considered unfavorable for resistant populations of this species.
Retrotransposon-Based Genetic Diversity Assessment in Wild Emmer Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides)
Authors: Vuorinen Anssi L. , Kalendar Ruslan , Fahima Tzion , Korpelainen Helena , Nevo Eviatar , Schulman Alan H.
Published: June 2018

Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the wild ancestor of all cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and harbors a large amount of genetic diversity. This diversity is expected to display eco-geographical patterns of variation, conflating gene flow, and local adaptation. As self-replicating entities comprising the bulk of genomic DNA in wheat, retrotransposons are expected to create predominantly neutral variation via their propagation. Here, we have examined the genetic diversity of 1 Turkish and 14 Israeli populations of wild emmer wheat, based on the retrotransposon marker methods IRAP and REMAP. The level of genetic diversity we detected was in agreement with previous studies that were performed with a variety of marker systems assaying genes and other genomic components. The genetic distances failed to correlate with the geographical distances, suggesting local selection on geographically widespread haplotypes (‘weak selection’). However, the proportion of polymorphic loci correlated with the population latitude, which may reflect the temperature and water availability cline. Genetic diversity correlated with longitude, the east being more montane. Principal component analyses on the marker data separated most of the populations.
Magnetic Nanofluid Droplet Impact on an AAO Surface with a Magnetic Field
Authors: Chien Yu-Chin , Weng Huei Chu
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of magnetic nanofluid droplets on aluminum sheet surfaces subjected to a magnetic field. A magnetic nanofluid was prepared by synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and coating amounts of oleic acid surfactant in deionized water. The wettability of an alumina sheet was first changed by using a phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution to perform the first anodic oxidation process. A contact angle meter and a high-speed camera were then, respectively, used to capture the static contact angle of magnetic nanofluid droplets and their dynamic characteristics during impact on the surface with/without anodic oxidation process. The results of the static contact angle showed that a more hydrophilic surface could be obtained after the sheet was processed. The dynamic images showed that the processed surface exhibited a slightly greater degree of adhesion between the liquid and solid without a magnetic field. The effect of AAO surface topography can be significant under the action of an external magnetic field.
Study on Cleaning the Surface of Stainless Steel 316 Using Plasma Electrolysis Technology
Authors: Lin Ah-Der , Kung Chi-Liang , Hsieh Wei-Chen , Hsu Chao-Ming , Chen Cheng-Yi
Published: June 2018

This research utilizes a plasma electrolysis technique to clean the surface of stainless steel 316. The resulting microstructure enhances the self-cleaning properties of the stainless steel surface. The position of the cathode electrode is varied to enlarge the total surface being processed and achieves a uniform processing surface. We propose a self-made plasma electrolysis reaction system supplemented with a 3-axis platform to control the speed at which the cathode electrode moves. The electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and water. We obtain the optimal parameters for applied voltage, moving speed of the specimen at the cathode, and electrode distance using a one-factor-at-a-time experimental approach to achieve uniform distribution of the surface microstructure. We then observe and measure surface micrographs showing the surface roughness of the specimens after experiments, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The contact angle is experimentally proven to be greater than 100°, indicating that the surface is hydrophobic.
Vibration Reduction of an Existing Glass Window through a Viscoelastic Material-Based Retrofit
Authors: Feng Qian , Fan Liming , Huo Linsheng , Song Gangbing
Published: June 2018

The damping properties of glass windows have a great influence on the comfort of the occupants, especially for buildings that are close to a vibration source, such as rail tracks. With the increasing popularity of light rails in cities, there is a strong need to retrofit existing glass windows to improve their damping properties, and increase the occupants’ comfort. In this paper, a new method of retrofitting existing glass windows for vibration reduction was developed using viscoelastic treatment. The key component of the retrofit was a self-adhesive glass constrained viscoelastic strip (SaGCVS), consisting of a thin glass constraining layer, a viscoelastic layer, and an adhesive layer. The SaGCVSs can be easily bonded onto an existing glass panel near its edge in an effort to improve its inherent damping properties, and to reduce its vibration when subjected to external excitations. The method is simple, and the proposed viscoelastic strip is easy to install. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. For the vibration measurements, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches were mounted onto the four corners and the center of the window glass panel. Comparative studies were performed, and the results clearly showed that the vibration of the window glass panel was reduced, revealing the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting method for improvement in the damping properties of existing window structures.