bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women's knowledge, perception and attitudes towards caesarian section among obstetrics unit attendants in a teaching hospital
Authors: Dorkenoo J.E. , Abor P.A.
Published: July 2021

Background: This study investigated pregnant women's knowledge level, perception and attitudes towards caesarean section in the  Obstetrics Unit at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Methods: We employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to conduct the study.Results: The findings of the study revealed that majority (82.2%) of pregnant women have considerable knowledge about conditions that predisposes a woman for caesarean section as well as the risk of complications. Factors which significantly encouraged respondents to undergo caesarean section deliveries were they being necessary to protect the health of their babies (85.8%), having more knowledge about caesarean section procedures and risks and trusting in the competence of the doctor (53%). On the other hand, the study identified some inhibiting factors such as 67% of women perceive that caesarean sections take away the joy of a woman, while giving birth. Respondents (56%) however, indicate that caesarean sections were not unnatural nor only reserved for those with medical issues or those who fear pain; they are not embarrassing to reveal to family, friends, etc.Conclusion: In the case of a tertiary hospital in Ghana, women attending antenatal clinic have acquired adequate knowledge and fairly good attitudes and perceptions about caesarean section, its benefits and possible complications. The findings of this study have important policy and practical implications for other levels hospitals.
Investigating the efficacy of meaning-centred therapy among a sample of individuals with substance use disorders
Authors: Agberotimi S.F. , Oduaran C.
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study investigated the efficacy of meaning-centred therapy (MCT) in the management of substance use disorders (SUD) in Nigeria.

Methods: A pre-test post-test control group experimental study was conducted among young individuals with substance use disorders.  Participants were purposively selected and randomly assigned to treatment (MCT) and control groups. Participants' mean age was 22.05±2.14 years. Assessments of both groups were done at intake, immediately after completion of the therapy (which is 10-weeks), and at 1-month follow-up. Independent-sample t-test and one-way repeated measure of analysis of variance were used for analyses at 0.05 significant level.

Result: Individuals in the MCT group reported significantly lower substance use disorder symptoms compared to those in the control group. There was an overall significant difference between the SUD means of participants that received MCT at pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up.

Conclusion: It was concluded that MCT provided effective treatment of substance use disorder among the Nigerian population; its utilization is therefore recommended.
In silico screening of anti-inflammatory constituents with good drug-like properties from twigs of Cinnamomum cassia based on molecular docking and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Ruolan , Liu Jia , Peng Wei , Gao Yongxiang , Wu Chunjie , Pu Xufeng
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate by in silico screening the anti-inflammatory constituents of Cinnamomum cassia twigs.

Methods: Information on the constituents of C. cassia twigs was retrieved from the online Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) database and literature. Inflammation-related target proteins were identified from DrugBank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Genetic Association Database (GAD), and PharmGKB. The identified compounds were filtered by Lipinski’s rules with Discovery Studio software. The “Libdock” module was used to perform molecular docking; LibdockScores and default cutoff values for hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions were recorded. LibdockScores between the prototype ligand and target protein were set as the threshold; compounds with higher LibdockScores than threshold were regarded as active compounds. Cytoscape software was used to construct active constituent-target protein interaction networks.

Results: Sixty-nine potential inflammatory constituents with good drug-like properties in C. cassia twigs were screened in silico based on molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis. JAK2, mPEGS-1, COX-2, IL-1β, and PPARγ were considered the five most important target proteins. Compounds such as methyl dihydromelilotoside, hierochin B, dihydromelilotoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, balanophonin, phenethyl (E)-3-[4-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoate, quercetin, and luteolin each interacted with more than six of the selected target proteins.

Conclusion: C. cassia twigs possess active compounds with good drug-like properties that can potentially be developed to treat inflammation with multi-components on multi-targets.
Determination of metabolites of phloretin in rats using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Fang Ping , Liu Liang Hong , Jin Ping , Pu Hong , Yao Zu Fu , Cai Wei
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To study the metabolites of phloretin in vivo using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap).

Methods: After administration of phloretin (50 mg/kg; oral route) to six rats, blood samples were taken from each animal. Each sample was then subjected to solid-phase extraction to prepare it for chromatographic/spectroscopic analysis. Finally, each sample was analyzed using UHPLC-LTQOrbitrap with a negative-mode electrospray ionization source.

Results: Based on mass measurements, chromatographic retention times, and MS2 fragmentation ions, we detected and identified phloretin and 16 metabolites of the drug in vivo in rats. Metabolic reactions of phloretin included glucosylation and glucuronide conjugation, diglucuronide conjugation, glucosylation and sulfate conjugation, sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, and glucosylation and hydroxylation.

Conclusion: The findings provide a better understanding of phloretin metabolism and metabolites, and new information about their effective forms, pharmacological actions, metabolic fate, and toxic actions in vivo.
Anthocyanin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells via inactivation of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Hong , Ren Dan , Xiao Lan , Zhang Ting , Li Ruomeng , Guan Bin , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate whether the cytoprotective effect of anthocyanin (Anc) on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cell injury is related to apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway.

Methods: PC12 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of Anc (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) in OGD/R-induced cell injury model. The 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell viability. Cell apoptosis was measured by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expressions of BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3, p-ASK1 (Thr845), p-JNK, and p-p38.

Results: The results indicate that Anc increased the viability of PC12 cells after OGD/R exposure (p < 0.05), and also efficiently rescued OGD/R-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies showed that these protective roles of Anc are related to the inhibition of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway.

Conclusion: The results indicate Anc protects against OGD/R-induced cell injury by enhancing cell viability and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of action is partly via inactivation of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Thus, Anc has promise as a potential natural agent to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Anti-osteoporosis effect of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang extract in rats
Authors: Ding Hai , Chang Wenju , Yao Jian , Liu Fendou , Zeng Qingliang , He Zhenxing
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang extract (NICE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a normal group (control) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups: OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with positive control drug alendronate sodium tablets (1.8 mg/kg/week), and OVX with varying NICE doses (45, 90, or 180 mg/kg/day). After rats were subjected to ovariectomy for 4 weeks, alendronate or NICE were administered orally daily for 16 weeks. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the L4 vertebrae and right femurs of all rats was estimated. The serum hormones estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and telopeptides of collagen type I (CTx) levels of rats were detrmined.

Results: The results show that NICE dose-dependently inhibited bone mineral density (BMD) reduction of L4 vertebrae and femurs (p < 0.05). Compared with OVX group, serum E2, FSH and LH levels was significantly increased in osteoporosis rats (p < 0.01), but serum ALP, CTx, and OC concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05). On the other hand, bone trabeculae in the three NICE groups and nilestriol group were all wider, while the space and connections increased.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that NICE mitigates OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats, and hence can potentially be developed for the management of osteoporosis.
Gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties of ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera rhizome in experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Jin Xin , Liu Qiang Liu , Dang Minyan , Zhang Wenzhi , Li Xia
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of Alpinia conchigera rhizome in an ulcer rat model.

Method: Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Ulcer index, total acidity, pH, hemoglobin levels, and hemorrhagic lesions were determined through macroscopic assessment and histopathological examination. The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were also determined.

Results: Alpinia conchigera significantly reduced ulcer index, total acidity, pH and hemoglobin levels (p < 0.05). Results from histology revealed that the extract protected the mucosa from lesions. Moreover, the extract significantly enhanced gastric mucosal activities of SOD and CAT, and decreased LPO levels and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results validate the traditional claims on the gastroprotective effects of Alpinia conchigera as revealed through its antioxidant and ulcer-healing properties by stimulation of important cellular mechanisms.
Protective effect of total flavonoids from boxthorn leaf against UVB irradiation-induced skin injury
Authors: Yu Qing , Shen Ying , Gan Yadan , Zheng Liang
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of total flavonoids from boxthorn leaf against skin injury induced by UVB irradiation, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.

Method: Healthy female mice (n = 100) were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, UV negative control group, cream base group, and boxthorn leaf total flavonoid (BLTF) group, with 25 mice in each group. The mice in each group were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation instrument for 1.5 h daily for 3 weeks. Mice in the cream base group were smeared with cream base on their backs, while mice in BLTF group were smeared with 15 mg/g boxthorn BLTF cream. The control and negative control group mice were not treated. Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were determined using standard methods.

Results: Compared to the negative control group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the control group and BLTF were significantly elevated, while MDA levels declined significantly (p < 0.05). Although higher GSH-Px and SOD levels, and lower MDA were seen in the cream base group than in negative control group, these indices were comparable for the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The total flavonoids of boxthorn leaves improve resistance to UVB-induced skin damage by regulating SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels in the skin of mice. Thus, they exert protective effects on the skin.
Celastrol attenuates fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation, myeloperoxidase production, and elastase release by human neutrophils
Authors: Malisorn Nipapan , Chaikan Ammara
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol via attenuation of formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation, myeloperoxidase production, and elastase release by peripheral blood neutrophils.

Methods: Cytotoxicity of celastrol on human peripheral blood neutrophils was investigated using a 2Htetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay. Human neutrophils were stimulated with 100-nM fMLP; the effect of celastrol on superoxide generation was determined via ferricytochrome C reduction, the effect on myeloperoxidase production by tetramethylbenzidine oxidation, and the effect on elastase activity by Boc-Ala-ONp hydrolysis.

Results: Treatment of human neutrophils with celastrol showed dose-dependent inhibition of fMLPinduced superoxide generation, myeloperoxidase production, and elastase release with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.9 ± 0.1, 1.9 ± 0.2, and 1.5 ± 0.1 µM, respectively.

Conclusion: These results indicate that celastrol possesses anti-inflammatory properties via attenuation of fMLP-induced superoxide generation, myeloperoxidase production, and elastase release by peripheral blood neutrophils.
Clinical efficacy of apatinib as a second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer in a Chinese tertiary cancer health facility
Authors: Sun Ning , Li Chenchen , Zhou Yun , Xia Lei , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Dongfeng , Wang Dongfeng , Guo Renhong , Guo Renhong , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To study the effectiveness and safety of apatinib as second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) in a Chinese tertiary cancer hospital.

Methods: Two groups of APC patients who received treatment with single-agent or two-drug combination of gemcitabine-based first-line therapy (50 per group) in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing were assessed. The study group received apatinib at or above the second line treatment, while the control group was treated with second-line chemotherapy, which was different from first-line single-drug chemotherapy. Patients received treatments until there was improvement in their conditions, or until adverse reactions became intolerable. Complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), disease stabilization (SD), disease progression (PD), incidence of adverse reactions, and progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients were recorded.

Results: The number of PR cases in APC patients who received apatinib as second-line therapy, and the number of PD patients were higher than the corresponding populations in the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment effectiveness was significantly higher in study group patients than in control subjects (p < 0.05). However, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the study group than in control group. Median PFS in the study group (5 months) was significantly higher than that of the control group (4.1 months, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of apatinib as second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer is higher than that of the single drug. Apatinib is associated with low incidence of adverse reactions which prolongs PFS. Thus, apatinib has potentials for the clinical management of pancreatic cancer.
Mapping of geological structural features in Lolgorien, Narok County, Kenya: Using hillshade analysis
Authors: Ombiro Sammy O , Olatunji Akinade S , Mathu Eliud M , Ajayi Taiwo R
Published: July 2021

Despite Lolgorien being one of the most active gold mining areas in Kenya, it is one of the most geologically understudied areas. To the best knowledge of the authors, Lolgorien geological map was last updated in the 1940s. Current technologies such as remote sensing allow new structural features such as faults to be easily identified. In this regard, this study employed remote sensed data to map structural features found in and around Lolgorien Subcounty, Narok, Kenya. This was done to identify any new structural features that might have been missed in the past. Shuttle Radar 152 Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM) image was downloaded and analysed using hillshade technique. From this analysis, the research identified new structural features which were not included in the current geological map but exist on the ground. One such structural feature (fault) is located approximately at 9866237, 703601 (Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM coordinates) and trends in NW–SE direction. The study also found that most of the lineaments are concentrated in the southern part of Lolgorien area and around or at areas dominated by the banded iron formations. Petrographic analysis of the few samples collected from the area showed presence of gold, pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralisation.

Keywords: SRTM-DEM, lineaments, geological structures, hillshade analysis, Lolgorien area
Assessment of fluoride bioaccumulation potential in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) reared in fluoride rich water
Authors: Bejumula Jophillene , Machunda Revocatus L , Pasape Liliane J , Mtei Kelvin M
Published: July 2021

Fluoride bioaccumulation in fish poses a significant impact on their growth, survival and consequently to upper trophic levels. Few studies have reported the impacts of high fluoride concentrations and their accumulation potential to catfish in African settings. A 60-day catfish cultivation was conducted at Ngarenanyuki ward and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania to determine fluoride bioaccumulation and its impacts to catfish growth and survival. Juvenile catfish were exposed to 36 mg F–/L pond water and synthetic water containing fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 5, 15, 36 and 45 mg/L in aquaria set at NM-AIST laboratory. Fluoride concentrations in fish tissues were analysed by ion-selective electrode. Fish survival rate was greater than 90% in ≤ 36 mg/L fluoride levels compared to 65.8% in 45 mg F–/L aquarium. Significant fluoride bioaccumulation was observed in fish bones (222.00 mg/kg, dry weight), gills (177.4 mg/kg), skin (9 mg/kg) and low amount in fillets (1.467 mg/kg). Fluoride bioaccumulation significantly rose with fluoride levels increase and exposure time (p = 0.000). The study concludes that high fluoride occurrence and its increased exposure time increases fluoride bioaccumulation in African catfish. Therefore, growing catfish in water containing ≥ 45 mg F–/L requires defluoridation process.

Keywords: African catfish, Aquarium, Fluoride bioaccumulation, Growth performance
Covid-19 and Nigeria: Rethinking the Architecture of National Security
Authors: Eke Udochu , Ejor Chinedu Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the disputed concept of security. It is a modest attempt at investigating the perceived repercussions of the outbreak of Covid 19 on Nigeria’s National Security. In this regard, the paper deployed the qualitative approach of research, such that historical research method is applied via secondary sources of data, including textbooks, official documents, and internet sources, among others. The paper is nested around the changing notion of security, highlighting non-military threats repercussions of Covid 19 on Nigeria’s National Security. A key finding of the paper underscores that there exists a strong fact that threat to contemporary Nigeria’s National Security now includes non- military issues.
ANDROID-BASED MOBILE LEARNING MEDIA IN TEACHING READING OF REPORT TEXTS
Authors: Muhfiyanti Muhfiyanti , Mulyadi Dodi , Aimah Siti
Published: July 2021

Mobile phones can be well integrated into English Instruction as the creativity and innovation of teaching media increase students’ interest and motivation. This research aims to reveal the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of utilizing Android-based Mobile Learning Media for teaching reading report texts. The present research employed the research and development design. The research instruments were questionnaires, tests, and learning media in Application Package Files (APK). The collected data were analyzed by employing descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with a t-test. This research’s subject was an experimental class and a control class in Senior High School of Muhammadiyah 2 of Purbalingga. The expert validation results were categorized into relevant and feasible learning media to teach report texts.  The pre-test and post-test mean scores in the experimental class showed a highly significant difference because the class outperformed the control class.  It means that Android-based MLM was effective for enhancing students’ reading comprehension of report texts. Meanwhile, the result of students’ perception obtained a good category. The data reveal that 70.4% of the students agreed to use Android-based MLM in the learning process. This research concludes that the final product meets the criteria of teaching media evaluation.
NILAI SOSIAL PADA KELOMPOK KERJA (ARON) PADA MASYARAKAT KARO DI BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Br Karo Karmila
Published: July 2021

This research is a descriptive qualitative research. In this study, the authors show very high socio-economic dynamics, which allow an agricultural area to develop into a trade center. Berastagi evolved from a rural area to become a market for agricultural produce produced by farmers in the area. This is one of the important things that shows how cities can emerge from agricultural commodities. In Indonesia, cities are often synonymous with industry and government; trading cities are often associated with industrial commodities. Berastagi is an example of the evolution of settlements, namely cities that developed from villages producing rice and vegetables. This shows how changes have occurred in the aspect of labor recruitment in the agricultural sector, where gotong royong is replaced by a labor system, aron gegeh (which is based on reciprocity) is increasingly rare because it is replaced by aron singemo (which is similar to wage-based labor).

Abstrak

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam kajian ini penulis menunjukkan dinamika sosial ekonomi yang sangat tinggi, yang memungkinkan suatu kawasan pertanian berkembang menjadi sentra perdagangan. Berastagi berkembang dari pedesaan menjadi pasar hasil pertanian yang dihasilkan petani di daerah tersebut. Inilah salah satu hal penting yang menunjukkan bagaimana kota bisa muncul dari komoditas pertanian. Di Indonesia, kota seringkali identik dengan industri dan pemerintahan; kota perdagangan sering dikaitkan dengan komoditas industri. Berastagi merupakan salah satu contoh evolusi permukiman yaitu kota yang berkembang dari desa penghasil padi dan sayur mayur. Hal ini menunjukkan betapa telah terjadi perubahan aspek perekrutan tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian, dimana gotong royong diganti dengan sistem tenaga kerja, aron gegeh (yang berdasarkan timbal balik) semakin jarang karena digantikan oleh aron singemo (yang sejenis dengan tenaga kerja berbasis upah).

Kata Kunci:  Aron Gegeh (Timbal Balik), Aron Singemo ( Berbasis Upah)
Hydraulic flow unit classification from core data: case study of the Z gas reservoir, Poland
Authors:   PetroVietnam Exploration Production Corporation - PVEP, Vietnam  Faculty of Oil and Gas, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Published: July 2021

Permeability and porosity are essential parameters for estimating hydrocarbon production from reservoir rocks. They are combined in an additional factor, the Flow Zone Index (FZI), which is the basis for defining the hydraulic flow unit (HFU). Each HFU is a homogeneous section of a reservoir rock with stable parameters that allow for media flow. Hydraulic flow units are determined from the porosity and permeability of core or well logs. The simple statistical methods are applied for HFU classification and then improve permeability prediction. This paper also shows how to quickly apply the global hydraulic elements (GHE) method for HFU classification. The methodology is tested on the Miocene formation of a deltaic facies from the Carpathian Foredeep in South-Eastern Poland.
Ritus Pencurahan Darah Korban Binatang: Perjumpaan Injil dengan Tradisi Manengeh di Suku Dayak Bumate
Authors: Setiawan David Eko , Taribaba Aniti Levina , Lorensa Dina , Anastasia Nopi
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to find the point of contac in preaching the gospel to the Dayak Bumate people through the Manangeh tradition. It turns out that in this tradition there are rites that are relevant to the heart of the gospel message, namely the sacrifice of animal blood. By discovering the meaning of shedding animal blood in the Manangeh tradition, the writer makes it a bridge in communicating the gospel to the Bumate Dayak tribe. The research method used in this research is qualitative descriptive using a library research approach and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the rite of shedding animal blood in the Manangeh tradition contains ideas that are relevant to the meaning of the sacrifice of Christ on the cross for the salvation of mankind, so through this rite the gospel message becomes relevant to the culture of the Dayak Bumate tribe. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari point of contac dalam pemberitaan injil kepada suku Dayak Bumate melalui tradisi Manangeh. Ternyata didalam tradisi tersebut terdapat ritus yang relevan dengan inti berita injil yaitu korban pencurahan darah binatang. Dengan menemukan makna pencurahan darah binatang dalam tradisi Manangeh , penulis menjadikannya sebagai jembatan dalam mengkomunikasikan injil kepada suku Dayak Bumate. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitaif dekskritif dengan menggunakan pendekatan library reseach dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ritus pencurahan darah binatang dalam tradisi Manangeh  mengandung gagasan yang relevan dengan makna korban Kristus di atas kayu salib bagi keselamatan umat manusia, maka melalui ritus tersebut berita injil menjadi relevan dengan kebudayaan suku Dayak Bumate
Tinjauan Etika Kristen tentang Praktek Penggelembungan Dana (Mark-up) Bagi Pebisnis Kristen
Authors: Sibarani Yosua
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the realities of everyday life, Christians often encounter various kinds of temptations to do things that are hated by God. Of the many temptations, dishonesty has become a struggle for all Christians, including Christian businessmen. This form of dishonesty is inflating funds or often known as mark-up. This paper discusses the practice of mark-up and how Christian businessmen react to it from a Christian ethical perspective. A Christian businessman should glorify God through his business activities by rejecting behavior that is contrary to Christian faith. As a follower of Christ, he must have a different attitude from society in general. The Bible as the word of God is the basis for studying the practice of inflating these funds so that Christian businessmen can apply it in their life in general and their business activities in particular. AbstrakDalam kenyataan hidup sehari-hari, tidak jarang orang Kristen berhadapan dengan berbagai macam godaan berbuat hal yang dibenci oleh Allah. Dari sekian banyak godaan, ketidakjujuran menjadi pergumulan semua kalangan Kristen, termasuk pebisnis Kristen. Bentuk ketidakjujuran tersebut adalah penggelembungan dana atau sering dikenal dengan istilah mark-up.  Tulisan ini membahas tentang praktek penggelembungan dana (mark-up) dan cara pebisnis Kristen menyikapinya berdasarkan perspektif etika Kristen. Seorang pebisnis Kristen seharusnya memuliakan Allah melalui aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukannya dengan menolak perilaku yang bertentangan dengan iman Kristen. Sebagai pengikut Kristus, ia harus memiliki sikap yang berbeda dengan masyarakat pada umumnya. Alkitab sebagai firman Allah menjadi landasan untuk mengkaji praktek penggelembungan dana tersebut sehingga pebisnis Kristen dapat menerapkannya dalam hidupnya secara umum dan aktivitas bisnisnya secara khusus.
Makna Ungkapan "Dua Atau Tuga Orang Berkumpul Dalam Nama-Ku" Menurut Matius18:20
Authors: Putralin Eliantri
Published: July 2021

AbstractGathering is a great opportunity to meet in large numbers and a lot but if there is no freedom to attend, then Allah wants two or three people to gather together. Gatherings or congregations in a quorum of two or three believers in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, then God is still present through the Holy Spirit because God does not depend on a large number, but an insignificant number of God is still present because He is God Almighty. The presence of Jesus Christ in the midst of or among believers in a gathering is intended so that believers will not feel afraid and still believe that His presence does not depend on large numbers of people like the quorum taught by Jewish rabbis in Old Testament times. To find out the promise of Jesus' presence according to the text of Matthew 18:20, the research method used in this research is qualitative research, with a grammatical historical approach. The result of this research is that after getting the meaning of the phrase "Two or three people gathered in My name," the final result can be implicated by the followers of the Lord Jesus at this time in their life and ministry. AbstrakBerkumpul merupakan sebuah kesempatan besar untuk berhimpun dalam jumlah yang besar dan banyak tetapi jika tidak ada kebebasan untuk berhimpun, maka Allah menginginkan dua atau tiga orang berkumpul bersama. Perkumpulan atau perhimpunan dalam kuorum dua atau tiga orang percaya dalam nama Tuhan Yesus Kristus, maka Allah tetap hadir melalui Roh Kudus sebab Allah tidak bergantung pada jumlah yang banyak, tetapi jumlah yang sedikitpun Allah tetap hadir karena Dia adalah Allah yang Maha Hadir. Kehadiran Yesus Kristus di tengah-tengah atau di antara orang percaya dalam perkumpulan bertujuan agar orang percaya tidak merasa takut dan tetap meyakini bahwa kehadiran-Nya tidak bergantung pada jumlah orang yang banyak seperti kuorum yang diajarkan oleh rabi Yahudi pada masa Perjanjian Lama. Untuk mengetahui janji kehadiran Yesus menurut teks Matius 18:20, maka metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan historikal gramatikal. Hasil penelitian ini adalah setelah mendapatkan makna ungkapan  “Dua atau tiga orang berkumpul dalam nama-Ku,” maka hasil akhirnya dapat diimplikasikan oleh para pengikut Tuhan Yesus pada masa kini dalam kehidupan dan pelayanannya.
Recent Occurrence of Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Lamnidae), from the North-Eastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey
Authors: ERGÜDEN Deniz , AYAS Deniz , KABASAKAL Hakan
Published: July 2021

A young individual of Isurus oxyrinchus was caught by a commercial longline off Dana Island (Mersin Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea) at a depth of 72 m on May 18th 2020. Morphometric measurements of the specimen were recorded and its photographs were taken. The examined specimen is now being preserved in the Museum of Systematics at Faculty of Fisheries of Mersin University, under the reference number MEUFC-20-11-132. This occurrence of a young female specimen reported in this study is adding a new location (Mersin Bay) from the Mediterranean's Turkish waters.
Recent Occurrence of Rare Echeneis naucrates from the Turkish Mediterranean Coast
Authors: MUTLU Erhan
Published: July 2021

One specimen of live sharksucker was caught with a bottom trammel net in Taşucu Bay, south-eastern coast of Turkey, at 1 m depth on May, 2021. Meristic parameters were determined by fin ray counts and metric parameters were measured from the photos of the specimen. Excluding the recent record in Antalya Gulf, previous records of this species occurred later than May, generally in July in the Mediterranean Sea as well as in the Aegean Sea. The biometrical measurements were different in Taşucu Bay compared to those caught from the Aegean Sea and the central Mediterranean Sea (Tunisian and Sicilian waters), but relatively similar to those reported from Croatia. Major discriminative variables, albeit less significant in individuals from the central Mediterranean, were the number of anal, pectoral and dorsal fin rays. Numbers of suction disc laminae were higher in individuals from the central Mediterranean Sea and New Zealand than those from the Turkish coasts (all 21 disc laminae). The statistical analyses (Principal Component and Discriminant analyses) affirmed successful use of meristic parameters to differentiate the biometric characteristics of the species from the Aegean Sea, the central and eastern Mediterranean Sea. The length-weight relationship showed that the species had a negative allometric growth.
Mecanismos de control en la vida conventual femenina en la Nueva España
Authors: Ríos Espinosa María Cristina
Published: July 2021

En esta investigación se estudiarán los diversos mecanismos de control en la vida de las mujeres en la Nueva España, con la finalidad de probar cómo dichas prácticas pueden clasificarse como casos específicos de la “biopolítica neumática” y de las “tecnologías del yo” siguiendo las categorías de Michel Foucault. Nos interesan los procesos de construcción de la subjetividad femenina novohispana a través de las tecnologías de interiorización, analizadas en Tecnologías del yo y en Historia de la sexualidad, solo que a diferencia de los casos retratados ahí, nosotros nos centraremos en los modelos de vida ascética en la vida conventual femenina, las funciones de la escritura a través de diarios para el examen de conciencia de la religiosas y la confesión, así como los tratados espirituales, máximas devocionales y sermones dedicados a las monjas para construir ideales de conducta virtuosa.
Breaking CAS-Lock and Its Variants by Exploiting Structural Traces
Authors: Sengupta Abhrajit , Limaye Nimisha , Sinanoglu Ozgur
Published: July 2021

Logic locking is a prominent solution to protect against design intellectual property theft. However, there has been a decade-long cat-and-mouse game between defenses and attacks. A turning point in logic locking was the development of miterbased Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attack that steered the research in the direction of developing SAT-resilient schemes. These schemes, however achieved SAT resilience at the cost of low output corruption. Recently, cascaded locking (CAS-Lock) [SXTF20a] was proposed that provides non-trivial output corruption all-the-while maintaining resilience to the SAT attack. Regardless of the theoretical properties, we revisit some of the assumptions made about its implementation, especially about security-unaware synthesis tools, and subsequently expose a set of structural vulnerabilities that can be exploited to break these schemes. We propose our attacks on baseline CAS-Lock as well as mirrored CAS (M-CAS), an improved version of CAS-Lock. We furnish extensive simulation results of our attacks on ISCAS’85 and ITC’99 benchmarks, where we show that CAS-Lock/M-CAS can be broken with ∼94% success rate. Further, we open-source all implementation scripts, locked circuits, and attack scripts for the community. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of point function-based locking techniques including Anti-SAT [XS18] and Stripped Functionality Logic Locking(SFLL-HD) [YSN+17], which suffer from similar implementation issues.
Information Leakages in Code-based Masking: A Unified Quantification Approach
Authors: Cheng Wei , Guilley Sylvain , Carlet Claude , Danger Jean-Luc , Mesnager Sihem
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a unified approach to quantifying the information leakages in the most general code-based masking schemes. Specifically, by utilizing a uniform representation, we highlight first that all code-based masking schemes’ side-channel resistance can be quantified by an all-in-one framework consisting of two easy-tocompute parameters (the dual distance and the number of conditioned codewords) from a coding-theoretic perspective. In particular, we use signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mutual information (MI) as two complementary metrics, where a closed-form expression of SNR and an approximation of MI are proposed by connecting both metrics to the two coding-theoretic parameters. Secondly, considering the connection between Reed-Solomon code and SSS (Shamir’s Secret Sharing) scheme, the SSS-based masking is viewed as a particular case of generalized code-based masking. Hence as a straightforward application, we evaluate the impact of public points on the side-channel security of SSS-based masking schemes, namely the polynomial masking, and enhance the SSS-based masking by choosing optimal public points for it. Interestingly, we show that given a specific security order, more shares in SSS-based masking leak more information on secrets in an information-theoretic sense. Finally, our approach provides a systematic method for optimizing the side-channel resistance of every code-based masking. More precisely, this approach enables us to select optimal linear codes (parameters) for the generalized code-based masking by choosing appropriate codes according to the two coding-theoretic parameters. Summing up, we provide a best-practice guideline for the application of code-based masking to protect cryptographic implementations.
Efficiency through Diversity in Ensemble Models applied to Side-Channel Attacks
Authors: Zaid Gabriel , Bossuet Lilian , Habrard Amaury , Venelli Alexandre
Published: July 2021

Deep Learning based Side-Channel Attacks (DL-SCA) are considered as fundamental threats against secure cryptographic implementations. Side-channel attacks aim to recover a secret key using the least number of leakage traces. In DL-SCA, this often translates in having a model with the highest possible accuracy. Increasing an attack’s accuracy is particularly important when an attacker targets public-key cryptographic implementations where the recovery of each secret key bits is directly related to the model’s accuracy. Commonly used in the deep learning field, ensemble models are a well suited method that combine the predictions of multiple models to increase the ensemble accuracy by reducing the correlation between their errors. Linked to this correlation, the diversity is considered as an indicator of the ensemble model performance. In this paper, we propose a new loss, namely Ensembling Loss (EL), that generates an ensemble model which increases the diversity between the members. Based on the mutual information between the ensemble model and its related label, we theoretically demonstrate how the ensemble members interact during the training process. We also study how an attack’s accuracy gain translates to a drastic reduction of the remaining time complexity of a side-channel attacks through multiple scenarios on public-key implementations. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the benefits of our new learning metric on RSA and ECC secure implementations. The Ensembling Loss increases by up to 6.8% the performance of the ensemble model while the remaining brute-force is reduced by up to 222 operations depending on the attack scenario.
El Discurso Evaluativo del Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador en el Último Lustro (2016-2020)
Authors: Cobo Granda Edgar Alberto
Published: July 2021

El objetivo general de este artículo es comprender el discurso que ha mantenido el ministerio de educación sobre el proceso evaluativo en los últimos cinco años (2016-2020) y cómo a raíz de la pandemia se dio un giro lingüístico y copernicano en la manera de concebir la evaluación, haciendo los primeros cambios para pasar de una evaluación sumativa de producto a una evaluación formativa de procesos y acompañamiento al estudiante, utilizando para ello rúbricas de autoevaluación con la intención de desarrollar procesos metacognitivos propiciando la capacidad autoreguladora del propio aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Este cambio se visibilizó cuando el Ministerio de Educación (ME o MINEDUC) del Ecuador elaboró un documento denominado “Plan Educativo Aprendamos juntos en casa” (ME, 2020 a) con la intención de proveer herramientas pedagógicas, metodológicas, psicoemocionales y psicosociales para la construcción de un modelo educativo ad hoc que permita garantizar el derecho a la educación durante la pandemia del coronavirus. En dicho documento se establecen los parámetros de evaluación en tres elementos: portafolio del estudiante, rúbrica de evaluación y rúbrica de autoevaluación. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa realizamos análisis de texto y de discurso en los diferentes instructivos y documentos utilizados por el ME. Los resultados que encontramos fueron un cambio en el discurso hegemónico que ha mantenido el MINEDUC, pasando de un modelo cuantitativo a otro cualitativo, priorizando la autorregulación del aprendizaje y la metacognición del estudiante en lugar de una evaluación objetiva en la que se reproducía arbitrariamente y de manera literal datos e información.
El Rol de la Universidad en Venezuela desde el Pensamiento del Desarrollo Endógeno
Authors: Romero Manzanilla Alexis José , Márquez Jaime
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objeto, fundamentar desde una postura crítica y reflexiva, la problemática del rol de la Universidad en Venezuela y su relación con los actores involucrados en el impulso del desarrollo de su entorno territorial, para la formación y generación del talento humano comprometido en la implementación de proyectos factibles en tecnología, innovación y sus aplicaciones como palancas del Desarrollo Endógeno. En tal sentido, se realizó una investigación documental de tipo exploratorio para identificar los factores que impactan en los niveles de dependencia tecnológica, tasa de crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano en su zona de influencia. En cuanto a los fundamentos teóricos manejados en la temática, se consideró un criterio complementario de corrientes del pensamiento en cuanto a tecnología y sociedad, teoría del desarrollo, sistemas complejos, planificación estratégica, y sus mejores prácticas en la gestión universitaria. Producto de los hallazgos obtenidos, se recreó una propuesta sobre la sistematización de los elementos que intervienen en esa realidad social, configurando una red de vinculaciones entre los actores involucrados y la Universidad, para valorar sus niveles de sinergia en base a las experiencias en la gestión educacional para el Desarrollo Territorial.
AN ACCELERATING CHANNEL OF INTERMEDIATE PART OF HIGH-CURRENT PROTON LINAC BASED ON COMBINED FOCUSING BY RF FIELD
Authors: Tishkin S.S. , Shulika M.G. , Shulika O.M.
Published: July 2021

Particle dynamics in an accelerating-and-focusing channel of intermediate part of a proton linac based on combined rf-focusing under following conditions: energy range 3…100 MeV, current 100 mA, and acceleration rate 5 MeV/m, is studied. To implement combined rf-focusing, it is proposed to use accelerating structures of two different types: an Interdigital IH-type structure allows acceleration in the range of 3 to 20 MeV, while a Crossbar CHtype structure accelerates particles from 20 up to 100 MeV. Also, methods to adjust rf-field amplitude in quadrupole gaps for both (IH and CH) structures are discussed.
ELECTRON BEAM TRANSVERSION MANAGEMENT ON EXIT OF MAGNETIC GUN BY GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Mazmanishvili A.S. , Reshetnyak N.G. , Romas’ko V.P. , Chertishchev I.A.
Published: July 2021

The results of experimental studies and modeling calculations for controlling the transverse dimensions of an electron beam formed by a magnetron gun with a secondary emission cathode are presented. In the gun, the secondary emission process is launched by a voltage pulse with an amplitude of up to 15 kV supplied to its anode. The dependence of the radial dimensions of the electron beam on the amplitude and gradient of the magnetic field in the transport channel is investigated. It is shown that the obtained experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. The possibility of adjusting the beam diameter by varying the configuration of the magnetic field is established. The experimental results presented indicate the possibility of realizing irradiation of the outer surface of cylindrical samples placed in the region of the gradient magnetic field.
POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR THE HELIUM IONS LINAC’S INJECTOR
Authors: Anokhin R.A. , Dubnyuk S.N. , Gaponenko N.І. , Zhuravlyov V.G. , Zhuravlyov A.V. , Zabotin A.V. , Zajtsev B.V. , Kravchenko A.I. , Kobets A.F. , Manuilenko O.V. , Reshetnikov V.N. , Svichenskiy V.G. , Soshenko V.A. , Shevchеnko А.С.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents compact power supply system for the helium ion linac’s injector. The system consists of high-voltage modulator, power supplies of cathode filament, solenoid and arc modulator. It is designed on modern semi-conductor base. Using of the designed power supply system allowed to decrease the power consumption and to get rid of spurious capacitances and pickups. As a result of improving the continuous adjustment modulator and high-voltage pulse stabilization scheme, the accelerated beam current has increased twice.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MULTIBEAM SYSTEMS BY EL&ION CODE
Authors: Martynenko P.A.
Published: July 2021

Based on the tube method, taking into account the three second law for the current in each tube, the program EL&ION for preliminary rapid numerical analysis of the electron-optical system was developed, using which the system was developed for generating an ion beam of reactive gases with an energy of up to 50 keV and a current of 10...20 mA in the presence of high-density electron beam.
KHARKIV TEST PLATFORM FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Si SPECTROMETRIC PLANAR DETECTORS AND DETECTORS ARRAYS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Kapliy O.A. , Kiprich S.K. , Maslov N.I. , Ovchinnik V.D. , Potin S.M. , Shlyahov I.N. , Shulika M.Yu. , Vasiliev G.P. , Yalovenko V.I.
Published: July 2021

A universal test platform for research and development of planar radiation detectors for use in medicine has been created having the possibility of obtaining complete information about the characteristics of the detector before creating a detecting module with specialized electronics. 5 jobs were created with the ability to perform the following work: measurement of the electrophysical characteristics of individual detectors and selected detection elements of the matrices based on the station with manual movement of microprobes; determination of the yield of suitable detector elements of matrices using a test station with automated microprobe movement and automated collection and processing of electrophysical measurement data; measurement of the energy resolution (ER) of individual silicon detectors, “scintillator-silicon photosensor” type detectors and measurement of the ER of selected matrix elements before creating a detection module with specialized electronics.