bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of PM2.5 on the Growth Curves of Children's Obesity Indexes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tong Jishuang , Ren Yanling , Liu Fangchao , Liang Fengchao , Tang Xian , Huang Daochao , An Xizhou , Liang Xiaohua
Published: March 2022

Aims

To explore the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) on childhood obesity based on a cohort study in Chongqing.

Methods

A total of 4,284 children aged 6–8 years at baseline were enrolled from the Chongqing Children Health Cohort in 2014–2015 and were followed up in 2019. A stratified cluster sampling was applied to select the participants. A Mixed-effects linear regression model was used to examine the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on the growth curve of obesity indicators [including body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score (BMIz), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)]. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to study the dose relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of obesity indicators.

Results

A higher level of accumulating exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased childhood obesity index, and the effect was the most significant for WHtR than BMI and BMIz. This effect was more pronounced in boys than in girls except for WHtR, and it was the most significant under the PM2.5 exposure period from pregnancy to 6 years old. Compared the annual average PM2.5 exposure level of <60 μg/m3, the WHtR and BMI were increased by 0.019 [(95% CIs): 0.014, 0.024] and 0.326 [(95% CIs): 0.037, 0.616] Kg/m2 for participants living with the PM2.5 exposure level of 70–75 μg/m3, respectively. For every 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels (from pregnancy to 6 years old), the risk of central obesity was increased by 1.26 {odds ratio [OR] (95% CIs): 1.26 (1.16, 1.37), p < 0.001} times.

Conclusions

This study confirmed a dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and childhood obesity, especially central obesity, suggesting that controlling ambient air pollution can prevent the occurrence of obesity in children and adolescents.
Mental Health Factors That Guide Individuals to Engage in Overconsumption Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study Between USA and Ecuador
Authors: Franklin Velasco , Cintya Lanchimba , Mariel Paz y Miño , Pablo Díaz-Sanchez Juan
Published: March 2022

Background

This study tests a framework that examines the role of several mental health factors (mood, wellbeing, health consciousness, and hoarding) on individuals' overconsumption behavior under the novel coronavirus context. This examination is relevant to public health literature because it increases our knowledge on how the context of COVID-19 pandemic affects people's mental health and provides answers to why individuals engage in overconsumption behavior. Additionally, this research also follows a cross-cultural perspective aiming to understand how individuals from different cultural orientations cope with the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that compares samples from two countries: Ecuador (n = 334) and USA (n = 321). Data was collected via an online survey. The timing of data collection was set during the mandatory lockdowns and social distance measures taken by both countries to fight against the COVID-19 virus breakout. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the theorized framework. Multi-group analysis was used to explore cultural orientation differences among the relationships included in the model.

Results

The results indicate that individuals' mood state has a positive relationship with health consciousness, as people try to regulate their health concerns by maintaining positive perceptions of their subjective wellbeing. Further, the increased concern individuals express in their health is responsible for them to engage in overconsumption behavior. Cultural orientation (individualism vs. collectivism) moderates the relationship between mood and health consciousness. No moderation effect was found for the relationship between health consciousness and overconsumption.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated negative effects in individuals' mental health. Findings from this study suggest that maintaining a positive mood is important for individuals at the time of mandatory lockdowns, and this effort is related to a greater concern and awareness of their health. Further, health consciousness is responsible to stimulate overconsumption behavior. This chain of effects can be explained by individuals' interest in their wellbeing. Culture plays a role in these effects. People from individualistic countries (USA) compared to people from collectivistic countries (Ecuador) demonstrate greater motivation in maintaining their positive mood by showing greater health consciousness.
An Analysis of Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures in Ghana
Authors: Sataru Fuseini , Twumasi-Ankrah Kwame , Seddoh Anthony
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Ghana implemented a universal health coverage scheme aimed at attaining financial risk protection against catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures. The effort has yielded mixed benefits for the different socio-economic profiles of the population. The present study estimates the incidence of catastrophic payments among Ghanaian households.

Methods

The study analyzed the round seven dataset of the Ghana Living Standards Survey collected between 2016 and 2017. We estimated the incidence and intensity of catastrophic payments for total household consumption and non-food consumption for a range of thresholds. The analysis further weighted the measures of catastrophic payments to determine the distribution sensitivity.

Results

As the threshold increased from 10 to 25% of total household consumption, the incidence of catastrophic payments dropped from 1.0 to 0.1%. At the 40% threshold of non-food consumption, the estimated incidence was 0.2%. For both total household consumption and non-food consumption, the concentration indices were negative at all the thresholds. The results were indicative of a higher concentration of financial catastrophe among the poorest households and significant inequalities in the incidence between the poorest and richest households.

Conclusion

The study confirmed the declining trend in the general incidence of catastrophic health expenditures in Ghana. However, the incidence and risk of financial catastrophe remained disproportionately higher among the poorest households, which is instructive of gaps in financial risk protection coverage. The Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme must therefore strengthen its targeting and enrolment of this sub-population group to reduce their vulnerability to catastrophic payments.
Deep Learning-Based Complete Coverage Path Planning With Re-Joint and Obstacle Fusion Paradigm
Authors: Lei Tingjun , Luo Chaomin , Jan Gene Eu , Bi Zhuming
Published: March 2022

With the introduction of autonomy into the precision agriculture process, environmental exploration, disaster response, and other fields, one of the global demands is to navigate autonomous vehicles to completely cover entire unknown environments. In the previous complete coverage path planning (CCPP) research, however, autonomous vehicles need to consider mapping, obstacle avoidance, and route planning simultaneously during operating in the workspace, which results in an extremely complicated and computationally expensive navigation system. In this study, a new framework is developed in light of a hierarchical manner with the obtained environmental information and gradually solving navigation problems layer by layer, consisting of environmental mapping, path generation, CCPP, and dynamic obstacle avoidance. The first layer based on satellite images utilizes a deep learning method to generate the CCPP trajectory through the position of the autonomous vehicle. In the second layer, an obstacle fusion paradigm in the map is developed based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) onboard sensors. A nature-inspired algorithm is adopted for obstacle avoidance and CCPP re-joint. Equipped with the onboard LIDAR equipment, autonomous vehicles, in the third layer, dynamically avoid moving obstacles. Simulated experiments validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework.
The Management of Clinical Varicocele: Robotic Surgery Approach
Authors: Napolitano Luigi , Pandolfo Savio Domenico , Aveta Achille , Cirigliano Lorenzo , Martino Raffaele , Mattiello Gennaro , Celentano Giuseppe , Barone Biagio , Rosati Claudia , La Rocca Roberto , Spena Gianluca , Spirito Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

Varicocele is a pathologic dilation of the testicular veins within the spermatic cord. Varicocele is considered the most common problem in reproductive medicine practice. It is identified in 15% of healthy men and up to 35% of men with primary infertility. The exact pathophysiology of varicoceles is not very well understood, and several theories have been proposed to explain it. Varicocele can impair sperm quality and fertility via various mechanisms: reflux of adrenal metabolites, increased testicular hypoxia, oxidative stress, and increased testicular temperature have been proposed. Several studies have reported the significant benefits on semen parameters with the surgical treatment of varicocele: reducing oxidatively induced sperm DNA damage and potentially improving fertility. Varicocele repair should be offered as a part of treatment option for male partners of infertile couples presenting with palpable varicoceles. Nowadays, there are several surgical approaches available for the treatment of varicocele, such as the retroperitoneal approach, inguinal approach, and the subinguinal approach. The subinguinal microscopic approach offers the best outcomes, such as shorter hospital stays, preservation of the testicular arteries and lymphatics, least number of postoperative complications, recurrence, and a higher number of pregnancies. Currently robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is widely adopted in urology and surgeons began to explore the potential applications of the robotic platform to male infertility microsurgical operations. Robotic approach offers many advantages: elimination of tremor, retraction with third arm, high quality, 3-dimensional visualization and surgeon ergonomics, all contributing to the precision of surgery.
A Scientific Perspective on Reducing Ski-Snow Friction to Improve Performance in Olympic Cross-Country Skiing, the Biathlon and Nordic Combined
Authors: Almqvist Andreas , Pellegrini Barbara , Lintzén Nina , Emami Nazanin , Holmberg H-C , Larsson Roland
Published: March 2022

Of the medals awarded at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, 24% were for events involving cross-country skiing, the biathlon and Nordic combined. Although much research has focused on physiological and biomechanical characteristics that determine success in these sports, considerably less is yet known about the resistive forces. Here, we specifically describe what is presently known about ski-snow friction, one of the major resistive forces. Today, elite ski races take place on natural and/or machine-made snow. Prior to each race, several pairs of skis with different grinding and waxing of the base are tested against one another with respect to key parameters, such as how rapidly and for how long the ski glides, which is dependent on ski-snow friction. This friction arises from a combination of factors, including compaction, plowing, adhesion, viscous drag, and water bridging, as well as contaminants and dirt on the surface of and within the snow. In this context the stiffness of the ski, shape of its camber, and material composition and topography of the base exert a major influence. An understanding of the interactions between these factors, in combination with information concerning the temperature and humidity of both the air and snow, as well as the nature of the snow, provides a basis for designing specific strategies to minimize ski-snow friction. In conclusion, although performance on “narrow skis” has improved considerably in recent decades, future insights into how best to reduce ski-snow friction offer great promise for even further advances.
Research Progress of Ponticulus Posticus: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuefeng , Ding Xing , Yin Mengchen , Mo Wen , Ma Junming
Published: March 2022

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objective

The purpose of this review was to consolidate the current literature related to ponticulus posticus (PP) and to improve the systematic understanding of this anatomical variant of atlas among spine surgeons.

Methods

Articles reviewed were searched in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase. All articles of any study design discussing on PP were considered for inclusion. Two independent authors read article titles and abstracts and included appropriate articles. The relevant articles were studied in full text.

Results

A total of 113 literatures were reviewed and consolidated in this narrative review. These articles are roughly divided into the following five subcategories: (1) epidemiology, (2) pathology and anatomy, (3) clinical presentation, (4) surgical significance, and (5) radiographic examination.

Conclusion

The PP is non-negligible with a high prevalence. The PP compresses the V3 segment of the artery, the suboccipital nerve, and the venous plexus, consequently contributing to the incidence of neurological pathologies. When a PP is observed or suspected on a lateral radiograph, we recommend that a computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient who is about to receive a C1 lateral mass screw (C1LMS) should be performed, which could determine a safe entry point and the right trajectory of screw insertion.
Contamination Associated With Glove Changing Techniques in the Operating Theatre
Authors: Boekel Pamela , Ek Eugene T.
Published: March 2022

Background

Sterility of the operative field during surgery is imperative in reducing the risk of infection. Most commonly, double gloves are worn by surgeons. When contamination occurs, the top gloves are changed intra-operatively. No studies have investigated which glove changing technique is best. Therefore, in this study, we aim to identify which top glove changing technique causes the least surface contamination.

Methods

Glitterbug™ (UV fluorescent powder) was applied to the top gloves of 3 individuals who changed their top gloves according to a randomised method – Method 1: 3 pairs worn, remove the outer pair; Method 2: 2 pairs worn, remove the top glove, replace unassisted; and Method 3: 2 pairs worn, remove the top glove, and replace assisted by a scrub nurse. A blinded investigator inspected for Glitterbug™ contamination under UV light.

Results

Two hundred and ten trials were performed and two types of contamination were identified, namely, direct contact and airborne spread. For absolute contamination, Method 1 had 59/64 (92%) contaminated trials, Method 2 had 49/65 (75%) contaminated trials, and Method 3 had 64/81 (79%) contaminated trials. This was statistically significant (p = 0.031). For direct contamination only, Method 1 had 38/64 (59%) contaminated trials, Method 2 had 24/65 (37%) contaminated trials, and Method 3 had 20/81 (25%) contaminated trials. This was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Method 2 had a statistically significant lower contamination rate overall, with Method 3 having the lowest direct contamination rate. We believe that wearing 2 gloves, removing the top glove and replacing it, either assisted or unassisted, could decrease surface contamination of the sterile field.
The Best Evidence for the Prevention and Management of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis After Gynecological Malignant Tumor Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Geng Yidan , Ma Jingyi , Dong Xuefan , Fang Shuqin , Tian Jianli
Published: March 2022

Background:

To search and obtain the relevant evidence of prevention and management of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after gynecological malignant tumor operation and to summarize the relevant evidence.

Methods

We searched the JBI evidence summary, up to date, the national comprehensive cancer network of the United States, the guide library of the National Institute of clinical medicine of the United Kingdom, PubMed, the Chinese biomedical literature database, CNKI, Wanfang, and other relevant evidence on the prevention and management of DVT in patients with gynecological malignant tumors. It includes clinical practice guidelines, best practice information book, expert consensus, evidence summary, original research, etc. The retrieval time limit is from database establishment till August 20, 2021. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality, combined with professional judgment, and extracted the literature that met the standards.

Results

Finally, 18 literatures were included, including eight guidelines, three evidence summaries, four systematic evaluations, two expert consensuses, and one best practice information volume. A total of 26 pieces of the best evidence on the prevention and management of postoperative venous thrombosis in gynecological malignant tumors were summarized. It includes risk assessment, drug prevention, mechanical prevention, management strategy, and health education.

Conclusion

This study summarized the best evidence of risk, prevention, and health management of DVT in postoperative patients with gynecological malignant tumors to provide evidence-based basis for clinical nurses and to improve the nursing level.
Clinical Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Placenta Praevia and Perinatal Outcomes in First-Time Pregnant Patients
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Zhao Yang , Li Yongmei
Published: March 2022

Objective

To analyze the risk factors associated with the development of placenta praevia (PP) in first-time pregnant patients and to observe the perinatal clinical outcomes of patients.

Methods

The clinical data of 112 pregnant women with PP (PP group) and 224 pregnant women with normal placental position (general group) who delivered in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline demographic data such as age, gestational week, uterine history, assisted reproductive technology use, pregnancy comorbidities, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, placental position, educational level, work were collected from both groups, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of PP in patients with first pregnancy. Perinatal outcomes such as implementation of hemostatic treatment (uterine balloon compression, arterial ligation, and B-Lynch suture), maternal postpartum related indicators (amount of postpartum bleeding, incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion rate, blood transfusion volume, and length of hospital stay), and neonatal condition (birth weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth) were counted and compared between the two groups.

Results

Histories of endometriosis, use of assisted reproductive technology, and smoking or secondhand smoke inhalation were all high risk factors for PP in patients with first pregnancies, and the proportion of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes was significantly higher in the PP group than in the general group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Histories of endometriosis, smoking (secondhand smoke), and use of assisted reproductive technologies are independent risk factors for PP in patients with first pregnancies, which can increase the risk of labor and death of the newborn.
Surgical Margins for Ameloblastoma in Dogs: A Review With an Emphasis on the Future
Authors: Goldschmidt Stephanie
Published: March 2022

Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor with the capacity to aggressively invade the surrounding bone. Surgical removal of the tumor can result in extended disease-free interval (cure). However, controversy surrounds the most appropriate surgical margin required to prevent local recurrence while simultaneously minimizing morbidity. En bloc excisional surgery carries the risk of major complications such as mandibular drift, hemorrhage, and oronasal fistula formation. Conservative therapy without a safety margin reduces potential morbidity but is likely to result in local recurrence. No reliable rate, nor time to recurrence, is documented but may be as high as 91% with conservative therapy. Conversely, surgery with a 10- to 20-mm margin is associated with a 0–4.6% recurrence rate. There is no documented difference in the recurrence rate with a 10- vs. 20-mm margin. The correlation of the histologic margin with the recurrence rate following excisional surgery has not determined a required histologic safety margin. Rather, no local recurrence occurs despite narrow or incomplete margins. Thus, pathologic margins > 0 mm may be sufficient to prevent local recurrence or recurrence may be protracted. Accordingly, a narrow (5–10 mm) gross surgical margin may be the most appropriate. Additional research is required for confirmation, and only level 4 evidence on safety margins has been achieved thus far. Future work should focus on defining the extension of neoplastic cells past the demarcation of ameloblastoma on variable diagnostic imaging modalities as well as determining the recurrence rate with various surgical and histologic safety margins.
LANDSCAPE IN PAIN: SHETLAND’S INDUSTRIAL SCALE WIND FARM AND SOLASTALGIA
Authors: Permar R.
Published: March 2022

Landscape in Pain is a body of digital art works made in response to the distress, solastalgia (Albrecht), produced by the environmental change to the environment caused by the development of the Viking Energy Wind Farm in the Shetland Islands, the northernmost archipelago in Scotland. The industrial scale wind farm will cover most of Shetland’s north central mainland and be visible from the majority of the islands. With 103 wind turbines, it will become one of the largest onshore wind farms in Europe. While Shetland is anxious to tackle the climate crisis, nonetheless many believe this project is not a green solution. Local objections to the wind farm include its disproportionate scale, destruction of peatlands and negative human impact. How do we achieve balance between sustainable development and care for the communities rich in resources, such as wind and tidal power, being mined by multi-national corporations across the northern region?
THE CONCEPT OF A “WARM” CITY IN THE ARCTIC: BASIC IDEAS OF COMFORT IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (THE CASE OF WESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA)
Authors: Prokopova S.
Published: March 2022

Arctic architecture has continuously been developing as a fusion of approaches: from creating cities under domes to bringing mainstream built environments up to high latitudes. It still is a frontier for urban studies, design and architecture. This article reports a work currently in progress and aims to introduce the concept of an emotionally “warm” Arctic city.

We perceive Arctic city cold both in physical and mental ways. Physical coldness is connected to the material urban environment. In the case of the Russian Arctic (particularly, Western Siberia), architecture and urban design became ideological tools of “normalising” the region during vast industrial development in the last century. Hence, a city in the High North replicates the visual appearance and infrastructure of a Soviet/Russian city in a temperate climate. The unadapted urban environment adds to the emotional “coldness” of Arctic city. Most industrial cities in the Russian Arctic function as a base for the fly-in-fly-out (FIFO) method for the ongoing oil and gas mining development. The city is perceived as a temporary state of living, influencing one’s physical and mental well-being and shaping unsustainable attitudes towards the region.

The concept of a “Warm” city is a system of design and architectural tools aiming to make physically comfortable and emotionally mindful for inhabitants of the Arctic city. By analysing global and local examples (theoretical and practical works), we discuss opportunities to create an urban “shell” for protecting and sustaining human physical and mental wellbeing in the extreme environment of the Arctic.
THE ART OF THE FACEMASKS A COLLECTIVE REFLECTION OF COLLEGE LIFE DURING
Authors: Din H.
Published: March 2022

This visual essay presents selected results of a coursework project, namely an artistic exploration into the practice of compulsory wearing protective masks, conducted by the University of Alaska Anchorage students during the first wave of COVID.
COLD SMART EXTREME
Authors: Sokolova A. , Sosina A. , Hristoforova E.
Published: March 2022

The cold winter is a challenge not only for us, but also for our smartphones. To prevent this, we concluded that the best solution in such a situation is to sew cases to protect our smartphones from the cold. We took into account the practicality of creating a product and usability. For the basis, we chose penofol as the most frost-resistant material in the conditions of our Yakut winter. Penofol now is used everywhere: to insulate clothes, houses, etc. For the shape of our covers, we chose a book for the convenience of use outside the home.

As the experiment progressed, it show how each participant's phone reacted. IPHONE 6/6S and REDMI 4A brand phones were used in the experiment. During the study, we noticed that the phone lasted much longer with our cases than without them. In Yakutsk weather between -33 ºC and -40 ºC the phones went through a series of tests, namely, we compared how the gadget behaves and what happens when it shuts down.

The main results of our experiment showed that with our covers the devices last on the street for a long time, which is necessary in conditions of extremely low temperatures in winter in Yakutia.
Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Compliance Preventive Behaviors with Health Literacy in the COVID-19 Process
Authors: AKYOL GÜNER Türkan
Published: March 2022

Objective: Health literacy levels of individuals are very important during epidemic periods such as COVID-19. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between adaptation to preventive behavior and health anxiety with health literacy level in the COVID-19 process.

Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The data were collected between January and April 2021 via Google Drive Form. The study involved 428 people who met the inclusion criteria working in a Provincial Municipality in north-west Turkey. The data were collected using Socio-demographic and compliance to preventive behavior data form, “Turkey Health Literacy Scale” and “Health Anxiety Scale”.

Results: Participants in the study were found to have adequate health literacy (35.51 ± 7.13). It was observed that the level of adequate health literacy of individuals during the COVID-19 process were effective complying with preventive behavior. It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between the health literacy score averages and the health anxiety score averages (r= -0.459, p=0.000).

Conclusion: Health literacy education and counseling services especially by those working in the field of primary health care and public health, can reduce health anxiety by increasing the adaptation of individuals to preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 period.
In-depth hepatoprotective mechanistic study of Echinacea purpurea flowers: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Shalaby Mostafa Abass , Elbanna Hossny Awad , Mohamed Salma Mostafa , Nabil Ghazal A , Elbanna Ahmed Hossny
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Echinacea purpurea is a flowering plant commonly used as an herbal medicine despite insufficient scientific bases to validate its usage. The present study aimed to examine in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. purpurea flowers. Methods: In vitro protection against hepato-cytotoxicity was carried out on human HepG-2 cells using colorimetric tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while the in vivo hepatoprotective activity was studied against carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: The results revealed that the extracts of E. purpurea induced discernable in vitro protection on HepG-2 cells and in vivo against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Both extracts were significantly able to restore the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin to normal levels compared to the CCl4 intoxicated group. In addition, the extracts markedly mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) markers compared to the CCl4 intoxicated group. It was also associated with the down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in liver tissues. Histopathological examination revealed a decrease in hepatocytes’ degenerative changes and noticeable improvement of the liver damage by extracts of E. purpurea. Conclusion: These findings have proven that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. purpurea flowers have a significant hepatoprotective effect, probably owing to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating apoptotic-related genes. This confirms the ethnomedicinal uses of E. purpurea in patients suffering from liver diseases.
Preparation of chelidonine highly loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoparticles using a single emulsion method: Cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cell line
Authors: Hamidia Zahra , Shahanipour Kahin , Talebian Nasrin , Monajemi Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Chelidonine, a bio-active component of Chelidonium majus, has been investigated for its anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines with multidrug resistance (MDR). Although the results are auspicious, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability are the main limitations for clinical applications. This study aimed to develop poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with chelidonine, in order to enhance its bioavailability for oral administration and improve the therapeutic index. Methods: Herein, we encapsulated chelidonine in PLGA nanoparticles using a single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, surface charge and morphology, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro drug release profile. The anti-cancer efficacy of chelidonine-loaded nanoparticles and free chelidonine was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results: The physicochemical characteristics showed spherical particles in nanometer size range (263 ± 19.6 nm), with negative surface charge (−20.67 ± 2.48 mv), high encapsulation efficiency (76.53 ± 3.61%), and drug loading (22.47 ± 0.09%), as well as drug release amount of 60.27±5.68% up to 10 days. Furthermore, chelidonine-loaded nanoformulations were found to improve anti-cancer potential, compared with unentrapped chelidonine. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that the encapsulation of chelidonine, as a potent herbal drug, in a polymeric matrix enhances its bioavailability. This offers an efficient vehicle for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.
Covid-19 Sonrası Kapalı Kamusal Alanlarda Yaşanan Mekânsal İletişim Probleminin Çözümüne Yönelik Bir Model Önerisi
Authors: KARADENİZ SADİ Sevdenur , KÖYMEN Erdem
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 pandemisi sonrası, “yeni normal” olarak isimlendirilen bir sürece girilmiştir. Bu süreçle kapalı kamusal alanlarda maske kullanımı ve sosyal mesafe kuralları getirilmiştir. Yeni normal süreç ve kurallarla birlikte işlem yapan bireyler ve kamu çalışanları arasında, görsel ve işitsel bağlamda çeşitli iletişim sorunları gözlenmiştir. Bu sorunların somut verilere dayandırılabilmesi amacıyla kullanıcılarla bir anket çalışması yapılmış, elde edilen verilerle problemler ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anket verileriyle iletişim probleminin en önemli sebebinin kullanıcılar arası “sosyal mesafe” faktörü olduğu belirlenmiş ve çalışma, bu faktörünün minimize edilmesine yönelmiştir. Kapalı kamusal alan dâhilinde olan eğitim yapıları, kullanım senaryolarının farklılığından dolayı bu araştırmada kapsam dışı bırakmıştır. Alışılagelmiş iletişimin, yeni normale adaptasyonu amacıyla belli parametrelere bağlı bir ofis mekân prototipi kurgulanmıştır. Tıbbi kaynak verilerinin mühendislik verileriyle çakıştırılmasıyla tasarlanan prototip, alternatif kullanım senaryolarına göre bir simülasyon ortamında sosyal mesafeyi azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Bunun için kullanıcıların karşılıklı soluk vermesinden doğan üfleme basıncını, farklı yönden deplase ederek sönümleyen mekanik bir havalandırma sistemi önerilmiştir. Çeşitli özgün sonuçlar öneren araştırmanın, solunuma bağlı bulaş riskine sahip hastalıklarla ilişkili mimarlık, mühendislik ve tıp alanlardaki çalışmalara referans olması beklenmektedir.
Kültürel Kimlik Bağlamında Kent ve Kent Olgusunun Türk Resim Sanatına Etkileri
Authors: CAN GÜRBÜZ Gülsevim
Published: March 2022

Kentler, toplumsal bütünlüğü sağlayan mekânlar olarak, insanlık tarihi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu bağlamda kültürel kimlik ve sanatsal faaliyetlerin de, çevresel etkilerden ve kent kimliğinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirilemeyecek olgular arasında olduğu söylenebilir. Kentler sanatçılara görsel ve düşünsel anlamda katkı sağlayan mekanlardır. Sanatta kent konusu, bugün, kente atıfta bulunan sayısız örüntüsüyle, birçok farklı malzemeyle ve kaygılarla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Zira çağdaş sanat dünyasında sanatın kapsamı genişlemiştir. Sanatın konu, üretim ve sunum alternatifleri çeşitlenirken, kültürel kimliğe olan etkisi, kentlerin ve sanatçıların değişimi hangi koşullar ile gerçekleşmiştir? Çalışmada, bahsi geçen sorulara yanıt olacak nitelikte bilgilere ihtiyaç duyulmuş, kent olgusuyla bağlantılı olarak, kimlik, toplum, kültürel değerler ve sanata değinen alt başlıklar oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı kentin, kültür ve sanatın gelişimi ve etkileşimi ile ilgili bilgiler sunmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, konuyla ilgili yazılı kaynaklar ile görsel kaynaklar taranmıştır. Konunun geniş kapsamı dolayısıyla kent konusundaki incelemeler modernizm ve postmodernizm süreçleri temel alınarak sınırlandırılmıştır. “Türk Resim Sanatı’nda Kent” başlığı altında yer verilen sanat eseri incelemeleri, kronolojik bir sıra gözetilerek Türk Resim Sanatı’nın farklı dönemlerinden üç örnek ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Evaluasi Radiologi pada Kasus Fraktur Basis Kranii
Authors: Angelika Irene , Prasetyo Eko
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Skull base fractures, namely fractures that extend through the base of the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossa that occur in about 7% to 16% of non-perforating head injuries, are caused by trauma with relatively high velocity, and are most frequently caused by a high-speed motor vehicle accident. Pedestrian injuries, falls and assault are other related causes. Penetrating trauma, especially gunshot wounds, is much rarer and accounts for less than 10% of cases. This research method is in the form of literature review. The literature was collected using several databases, such as ClinicalKey and Google Scholar with the keywords radiology and base skull fracture, this article was obtained according to keywords and was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are 11 journals full text that will be reviewed according to the criteria consisting of one retrospective study, one clinical review, two literature reviews, three review articles, one prospective study, one case report, one descriptive study and one comparative study. This study shows that 11 literature reviews radiological evaluation in the case of cranii basis. In conclusion, radiology is the most important examination required in patients who are suspected of suffering from fracture of the base cranii is a non-contrast head CT scan.. Other radiological examinations that can be used are plain radiographs of the head, and angiography.Key words: Skull base fractures, basis cranii, radiology  Abstrak: Fraktur basis cranii, yaitu fraktur yang meluas melalui dasar fossa kranial anterior, tengah, atau posterior yang terjadi pada sekitar 7% hingga 16% dari cedera kepala non-perforans, disebabkan oleh trauma dengan kecepatan yang relatif tinggi, dan paling sering disebabkan oleh kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor berkecepatan tinggi. Cedera pejalan kaki, jatuh, dan penyerangan adalah penyebab terkait lainnya. Trauma tembus, terutama luka tembak jauh lebih jarang dan terhitung kurang dari 10% kasus. Metode penelitian ini dalam bentuk studi pustaka (lirerature review). Literature di kumpulkan menggunakan beberapa database, seperti ClinicalKey dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci radiology dan base skull fracture, artikel ini didapatkan sesuai dengan kata kunci dan dilakukan skrining sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat 11 jurnal full text yang akan dilakukan review yang sesuai kriteria terdiri atas satu retrospective study, satu clinical review, dua literature review, tiga review article, satu prospective study, satu case report, satu descriptive study dan satu comparative study. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 11 literatur mengulas tentang evaluasi radiologi pada kasus basis cranii. Sebagai simpulan, radiologis merupakan pemeriksaan paling utama yang diperlukan pada pasien yang dicurigai menderita fraktur basis cranii adalah pemeriksaan CT-Scan non kontras kepala.. Pemeriksaan radiologi lain yang dapat digunakan adalah pemeriksaan foto polos kepala, dan angiografi.Kata kunci: Patah tulang dasar kepala, basis kranii, radiologi
Implementation of a Microcontroller Arduino for Portable Peak Expiratory Flow Rate to Examine the Lung Health
Authors: Azzahra Nabilla Farikha , Nugraha Priyambada Cahya , Hamzah Torib , Lawal Kamilu O. , Larasati Alfrinscha Dinda
Published: March 2022

A peak flow meter will measure the ability to push air out of the lungs; the lungs are one of the body's most vital organs. The commonly used method is to deploy a peak flow meter, which uses mechanical systems. This mechanical system is prone to a high error rate of reading, and as a result, a more accurate and reliable means becomes inevitable. This paper describes the design and implementation of a micro-controller-based portable peak flow meter, which can be used to provide accurate data for the diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. In the heart of the system are the programmable Mega Arduino microcontroller and a device called MPX5100GP sensor, which has a pressure range of 0-100 Kpa to detect a patient breath. The device was equipped with a display facility, which uses Nextion touch TFT output to display related tests and examinations. There is also a provision to store the results data using SD Card, while a printer prints the test results for further diagnostic purposes. An experimental setup in the laboratory shows that the designed micro-controller-based PFM shows that the error rate was between 0.50 % and 4.21 % compared with the mechanical-based peak flow meter. The application of micro-controller-based peak flow meters also allows real-time and remote monitoring of peak flow parameters. The evolution of modern technology has made the possibility of developing a micro-controller based portable, peak flow meters, which can be used to measure the data involved in the diagnosis of lung-related diseases more accurately.
Study Description of Student Nursing Barriers in Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agritubella Syafrisar Meri
Published: March 2022

The paradigm shift during the Covid-19 pandemic requires educational institutions to follow current technological developments. Online learning is the main choice to avoid the spread of the virus. The purpose of the study was to determine the inhibiting factors for online learning in nursing students. This type of research is descriptive study. The population is all nursing students with Total Sampling technique. The sample criteria are nursing students, willing to be respondents, in good health, not in clinical practice. The number of samples in this study was 209 people. Data collection through questionnaires using the Google Form application. The author sent an electronic survey via WhatsApp Group (WAG) students from April 1 to June 30, 2020. The questionnaire used a combination of multiple choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions containing demographics (gender and level of education), barriers to online learning, and access to technology. The results of the univariate analysis through the frequency distribution are obtained that majority of respondents are female (94.3%), majority of respondents are DIII Nursing (92.3%), the inhibiting factors consisted of internet instability (54.5 %), power outages (89%), smartphones that were not supported (44%), Tech stuttering (58.9%), insufficient quota subsidies from campus (35.6 %) and parental support have not been maximized (43.1%). Conclusion: the most important inhibiting factor for online learning is power outages. The need for online application socialization and support for adequate facilities and infrastructure at home. For future research, it is recommended to study the effect of online learning in improving student competencies and attitudes. To improve optimal online learning at home, I hope that there will be family motivation so that students can follow the learning process to completion.
Description of Character Shift of Nursing Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic Era: A Review
Authors: Kabak Edison , Halitopo Yoel , Auparai Nuriati Sarlota , Hadi Noor
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic, directly or indirectly, according to many studies has proven to have caused a shift in the character of nursing students. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of nursing students’ character shifts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic and how to manage them. The implication of this study is to contribute the management of handling a shift in the character of nursing students during the pandemic. This study used a document review and was supported with the PRISMA Analysis. The document was screened from 1,583,100 records in the Google search engine. The core documents were filtered through Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Other Sources. The keywords used for the search include management, nursing education, character shift, nursing students, and the Covid-19 pandemic. The PRISMA Analysis design provides indicators to be more focused in the search that includes respondents’ character shift, research methods (quantitative), research quality, surveys, document reviews, publication year (2020-2021), results (the focus of shifting character of nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic), and the language (English). This study review was supported by the PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time) model as the instrument to help the screening for quality records. Results showed the total documents out of 1.583.100 records, 108 records were screened, and 21 records were eligible (n=21) that met the requirements for review, i.e. from Google Scholar (n=8), PubMed (n=5), Semantic Scholar (n=4), and Other Sources (n=4). The study conclusion suggested the need for a character shift program for nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The problems that have been found in the 21 review documents of character shifts in nursing students are mental/psychological shifts, shifts in learning/learning methods, shifts in attitudes, and shifts in lifestyle. The results of this study showed there were 15 journals that met the criteria for PRISMA analysis and 100% of the PICOT model in which they also indicated that there were shifting of nursing students’ characters during the covid-19 pandemic
Exploring Factors Affecting The Mother's Knowledge about Intrauterine Device (IUD) In Bastiong Karance District of Ternate City
Authors: Marsaoly Sahnawy , Djama Nuzliaty T.
Published: March 2022

The Family Planning Program as one of the government policies in the population sector, has high implications for quantitative and qualitative health development. To make the family planning program a success, one of the methods used is the contraceptive method. The method of contraception that is considered safe and effective is the intrauterine device (IUD), but its use is still very low compared to other contraceptives. National coverage for active family planning participants is 66%, while North Maluku Province is only 52.4%, with IUD users only 7.4%, far below injectable contraceptives at 63.7%. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors from age, education, occupation and parity were more related to the mother's knowledge about IUD. Using a descriptive method with a non-probability sampling technique, which was taken by accident, for a month to find 67 samples. The results showed that most of the respondents were aged 20-35 years old, had adequate education, employed female employees and had 2-3 children parity. Of the four factors analyzed, it shows that the work factor and the number of children 2-3 people are the respondents who use the IUD the most
Combination Effectiveness of Listening to Music and Listening Murottal to Reduce Postpartum Depression
Authors: Sumaningsih Rahayu , Saadah Nurlailis , Rahayu Teta Puji , Sulikah  , Yulianto Budi
Published: March 2022

It was reported that 50% of Postpartum women experience symptoms of stress/anxiety known as postpartum blues, with the level of depressive symptoms continuing to increase to postpartum depression. This condition cannot be cured without clinical intervention. Music iscreated to influence the psychological condition of humans, as well as to provide a sense of security, comfort and fun. To describe the effect of a combination of natural and murotal music to reduce postpartum depression. The contribution of this study is to explain the effect of the combination of natural and murottal music to reduce postpartum depression. This study used a Quasi-Experiment method through pretest-posttest design with a control group and a treatment group. In this case, the intervention group was given a combination of natural and murottal music therapy, in which each intervention was given for 30 minutes for three consecutive days. The number of samples involved was 60 people who were divided into 2 groups of postpartum mothers. The intervention group consists 30 people, while the control group consists 30 people. Data was collected using the EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) questionnaire. Data analysis used independent t-test. Results: There were 9 mothers with mild depression and 21 moderate depressions in the intervention group. On the other hand, there were 17 normal mothers and 13 moderately depressed mother in the post-intervention group with t test value of 27.17 and sig of (p) 0.00 v(value) 0.36. Meanwhile in the control group, there were 1 (one) normal mother, 27 mothers who had mild depression and 2 mothers who had moderate levels. There were 19 mothers with low depression and 11 mothers with moderate depression. The results of the t-test obtained 22.13 with sig(p) 0.01 v(value) 0.001. There was an effect of music therapy on the reduction in the incidence of postpartum depression which was very significant after three days of being given music therapy. There was an increase in the level of depression by two levels higher from pre to post in the control group. Furthermore, the results of the t-test on the postpartum blues pretest and posttest showed that there was a significant difference in the incidence of postpartum blues between the control and intervention groups after the intervention period. There is a difference in the value of t 5.04 sig (p) 0.01, even though the value is smaller than t table (0.05). The difference obtained shows that the control group has a risk of experiencing postpartum blues by 2 (two) times compared to the intervention group. Music therapy was given to all postpartum primiparous mothers immediately after delivery. Health services need to prepare facilities and human resources to provide relaxation therapy, namely music therapy as an alternative therapy.