bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APIS MELLIFERA UNDER DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATE DIETS
Authors: Karavan V.V. , Yazlovytska L.S. , Cherevatov V.F. , Panchuk I.I.
Published: March 2023

The resistance to stress factors and the health of Apis mellifera colonies depends on many factors, in particular, the nutrient composition of the forage base of bees. The quantity and quality of food components are stress factors that can cause oxidative stress in bees. The purpose of our work is to evaluate the impact of diets with different carbohydrate composition on the development of oxidative stress in honey bees. The impact of different carbohydrate diets (I – 60% honey, II – 30% sucrose, III – 60% sucrose, IV – 30% glucose, V – 30% fructose, VI – 30% glucose + 30% fructose (1:1 )) on the state of the antioxidant system in four- to seven-day-old worker bees in laboratory conditions was evaluated. Determination of biochemical markers was carried out after 24 and 96 hours of keeping bees on diets. It has been shown that the component composition of the diet affects the volume of food consumed by bees, the level of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the activity of catalase. Consumption of monosaccharides by bees for 24 hours caused a tagmospecific response of insects depending on the type of hexose. The lowest level of TBARS was found in the head of bees that consumed a fructose diet, and in the abdomen of insects that consumed a glucose diet, compared to bees of all other experimental groups. It is shown that the level of TBARS is not influenced by the concentration of carbohydrates, which bees are able to regulate by changing the amount of food consumed, but by the chemical composition of carbohydrates in the diet. Catalase activity was higher in the head of bees consuming fructose than in bees consuming glucose. a prolonged change in catalase activity was found, which depended on the structure and concentration of carbohydrates. Evaluation of the level of oxidative stress in bees on different carbohydrate diets using the proposed markers showed that glucose is the least nutrient stress factor compared to fructose and sucrose.
Post-Urartian tombs of Lori Berd
Authors: Devedjyan Seda , Hobosyan Suren , Davtyan Ruben
Published: March 2023

Long-term excavations at Lori Berd’s burial ground and localised excavations of the settlement revealed a millennia-long habitation of the site by local population, the beginnings of which are evident from the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Through excavations it became clear that the Lori Berd society had already reached a high level of socio-economic status and maintained its positions during the Urartian and post-Urartian periods.
The Association between Diabetes Medication Use and Tumour Characteristics at Diagnosis in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Registry-Based Study1
Authors: Faessen Janine P.M. , Oerlemans Dennis J.A.J. , de Jong Marc R.P.A. , Overbeek Jetty A. , Vissers Pauline A.J. , Aben Katja K.H. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G. , van den Bergh Joop P.W. , van Osch Frits H.M.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Observational studies indicate a potential association between diabetes medication use and aggressiveness of bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to exploratively study the association between diabetes medication use, as proxy for diabetes, and cancer characteristics of urothelial carcinoma at diagnosis. Furthermore, differences in associations between specific types of diabetes medication are studied. METHODS: The association between use of diabetes medication and urothelial carcinoma (UC) characteristics at diagnosis is studied. A retrospective registry-based study among UC patients in the Netherlands was performed for which two large linked registries from PHARMO and IKNL were used. Patients diagnosed with UC between 2000 and 2016 and no previous cancer were included in this study. In this study, 1,168 UC patients who were diabetes medication users were included as well as 3,609 non-users. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine odds ratios comparing cancer characteristics between different types of diabetes medication users to non-users. RESULTS: Noninsulin antidiabetic drugs (NIAD) use was associated with a muscle-invasive type of UC compared to non-users (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55 for T2+ versus Ta) as well as a poorly differentiated tumour (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07–1.59 for poorly versus well differentiated tumours). CONCLUSION: Users of diabetes medication are potentially more likely to be diagnosed with a more aggressive tumour than non-users; however, lifestyle factors could not be adjusted for.
The velocity-diffusion equation in the exchange microvessels
Authors: Koutsiaris Aristotle G.
Published: March 2023

In human and animal microvascular networks, the exchange microvessels are the capillaries and postcapillary venules where material transport between the circulating blood and tissue takes place. For small-size molecules, this material transport is done by the physical mechanism of diffusion through the endothelium wall and the diffusion rate J in relation to blood volume flow Q is described by the flow-diffusion (Q-J) equation. However, the volume flow is not easy to be measured in vivo. The objective of this work was to transform the classical flow-diffusion equation into a new form with axial velocity V as an independent variable instead of volume flow Q. The new form was called the velocity-diffusion (V-J) equation and has the advantage that V can be measured directly in vivo by optical imaging techniques. The V-J equation could have important applications in the calculation of the mass diffusion rate of various substances in vivo.
A framework of teaching Information and Communication Technology using peer-assisted learning in Information Studies courses
Authors: Buarki Hanadi Jumah , Alghannam Bareeq
Published: March 2023

Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) is a teaching method that could improve students’ skills. Research investigating the feasibility of applying PAL in the Information Studies/Science (IS) field concerning the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) courses settings is scarce, and there is a demand to explore this realm. In this research, systems thinking examines the ICT courses as a system with inputs, outputs, and feedback. A holistic manner of enquiry demanded the exploitation of a case study. Seventy-four PAL attendees from four sections of female students completed a short survey at the end of their ICT-related courses. The survey aimed to gather data on the attendees’ opinions regarding the PAL as a peer-learning system. The research framework admitted the data through phases; It integrated a new take on the “old-fashioned” SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. Then it developed a PAL integration framework to structure its practical implementation in the ICT courses. Finally, the study showed the potential of using SWOT analysis in managing educational methods and evaluating ICT skills by using PAL in the IS field.
Generalized plithogenic whole hypersoft set, PFHSS-Matrix, operators and applications as COVID-19 data structures
Authors: Rana Shazia , Saeed Muhammad , Qayyum Madiha , Smarandache Florentin
Published: March 2023

This article is a preliminary draft for initiating and commencing a new pioneer dimension of expression. To deal with higher-dimensional data or information flowing in this modern era of information technology and artificial intelligence, some innovative super algebraic structures are essential to be formulated. In this paper, we have introduced such matrices that have multiple layers and clusters of layers to portray multi-dimensional data or massively dispersed information of the plithogenic universe made up of numerous subjects their attributes, and sub-attributes. For grasping that field of parallel information, events, and realities flowing from the micro to the macro level of universes, we have constructed hypersoft and hyper-super-soft matrices in a Plithogenic Fuzzy environment. These Matrices classify the non-physical attributes by accumulating the physical subjects and further sort the physical subjects by accumulating their non-physical attributes. We presented them as Plithogenic Attributive Subjectively Whole Hyper-Super-Soft-Matrix (PASWHSS-Matrix) and Plithogenic Subjective Attributively Whole-Hyper-Super-Soft-Matrix (PSAWHSS-Matrix). Several types of views and level-layers of these matrices are described. In addition, some local aggregation operators for Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set (PPFHS-Set) are developed. Finally, few applications of these matrices and operators are used as numerical examples of COVID-19 data structures.
Operational efficiency evaluation of Urban and rural residents’ basic pension insurance system based on the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic GRA method
Authors: Yao Zhigang , Ran Hui
Published: March 2023

At present, the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents in China has played a positive role in guaranteeing the basic life of the elderly in urban and rural areas. At present, the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents is not perfect, and there is still a great lag in the formulation of cross-system and cross-regional policies. There are differences in treatment between groups, between regions and between urban and rural areas. The coverage is not comprehensive enough and there are still some people who are not included in the basic protection system, etc. People urgently need a social pension insurance system that can provide reliable and sustainable protection in their old age. The operational efficiency evaluation of urban and rural residents’ basic pension insurance systems is viewed as the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). In this paper, the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic numbers grey relational analysis (TFNN-GRA) method is built based on the traditional grey relational analysis (GRA) and triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs). Finally, a numerical example for operational efficiency evaluation of urban and rural residents’ basic pension insurance systems has been given and some comparisons are used to illustrate advantages of 2TLNN-GRA method.
A developed gained and lost dominance score method for risk prioritization in FMEA with Fermatean fuzzy information
Authors: Pei Mengjiao , Liu Shuli , Wen Haolan , Wang Weizhong
Published: March 2023

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is one of the most effective means for potential systematic risk assessment in a real work environment. Nevertheless, the traditional FMEA approach has been extensively criticized for many deficiencies in coping with risk evaluation and prioritization problems under inter-uncertain environments. To overcome the limitations, in this paper, a synthesized risk priority calculation framework is proposed for FMEA by combining the gained and lost dominance score (GLDS) method, the combination ordered weighted averaging (C-OWA) operator, and Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS). Firstly, we use FFS to express the experts’ uncertain risk evaluation information which can depict the fuzziness and ambiguity of the information. Secondly, the C-OWA operator combined with FFS is introduced to build the group risk matrix which can provide a more reasonable risk analysis result. Then, the developed GLDS method with FFS is presented to calculate the risk priority of each failure mode which takes both individual and group risk attitudes into consideration. Finally, a medical device risk analysis case is introduced to demonstrate the proposed FMEA framework. We also perform comparison analyses to confirm the effectiveness and rationality of the hybrid risk prioritization framework for FMEA under a complex and uncertain situation.
A polynomial-time hybrid solver for multi-agent motion navigation against deadlocks
Authors: Wang W.-C. , Yeh Y.-W. , Chen R.
Published: March 2023

In the cooperative multi-agent pathfinding and motion planning, given a unique start position and a unique goal position for each agent, all agents are able to pursue their own goals without colliding with each other. To aim at realizing the collision-free motion of the agents within the tractable time, this work proposes a polynomial-time solver, called the HBD-AOI, hybridizing centralized and decentralized schemes. Firstly, an algorithm of centralized pathfinding is utilized to plan the optimal paths of all agents. Afterwards, each of the agents updates the local motion pattern to tracks its own planned waypoints with the obstacle avoidance in a decentralized manner. Furthermore, to resolve unavoidable egoistic conflicts occurring in the decentralized scheme, a centralized intervener with the route replanning is invoked to coach the involved agents to abort the existing deadlocks. Bounded by an amount of time, the performances of the proposed and benchmarked algorithms are simulated on the same instance, from the evaluated testbeds that consists of various maps and scenarios. In the simulations, it is proved that this work outperforms other benchmarked algorithms for all presented instances in the term of the success rate. The experimental results are also demonstrated to verify the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
A new AI assisted medical molecular image diagnostic model
Authors: Premananthan G. , Nagaraj B. , Jaya J.
Published: March 2023

In recent times, ML algorithms that plays a significant role right from drug discovery to clinical decision making. The recent advances in DL technologies contribute towards improved performance for carrying out computer aided medical image analysis and disease diagnosis. The key benefit of AI in processing of medical big data offers spectacular insights into the hierarchal relationships that exist among data which can be algorithmically explored thus replacing the tedious manual processes to extract and localize specific areas of interests in medical images thus considerably changing the way medicine has been practiced so far. In bio medical related clinical applications, there is a constant demand pertaining the research and development with respect to deploying AI as a mainstream tool to perform several medical imaging activities like analysis, diagnosis, segmentation as well as classification. The increased usage of electronic health records and medical images being its integral component the need for appropriate and efficient AI assisted medical image analysis system that takes care of accurate and automated decision making could be of great help to radiologists and medical practitioners. Molecular image analysis is a dynamic field that makes use of ML and DL algorithms that utilizes labeled and structured information which also proves to be helpful to the patients as they serve as an initial interface before further diagnosis and treatments. Thus our research aims to offer a novel and efficient AI based medical analysis system that can assist clinical practitioners to focus on enhancing the disease diagnosis through DL based medical image analysis and decision making. In addition, we also address specific challenges related to disease diagnosis and propose novel GAN model for improved diagnosis and implementation. Our proposed technique can also be generalized to generate synthetic data for further issues related to molecular image analysis in the field of medicine and help towards building a better disease diagnosis model.
ACAM-AD: Autocorrelation and attention mechanism-based anomaly detection in multivariate time series
Authors: He Qiang , Wang Guanqun , Huo Lianzhi , Wang Hengyou , Zhang Changlun
Published: March 2023

Multivariate time series anomaly detection has made significant progress and has been studied in many fields. One of the difficulties in time-series data analysis is the complex nonlinear dependencies between multiple time steps and multiple variables. Therefore, detecting anomalies in these data is challenging. Although many studies used classical attention mechanisms to model the temporal patterns of data, few have combined multiple attention mechanisms and analyzed the data’s temporal characteristics and feature correlations. Therefore, we propose an autocorrelation and attention mechanism-based anomaly detection (ACAM-AD) framework that combines an autocorrelation model based on the Autoformer model, which is superior to the self-attention mechanism, a multi-head graph attention network, and a dot-product attention mechanism to model the complex dependencies of data considering temporal and feature dimensions. The autoregressive model is parallelized with the neural network, and a sparse autocorrelation mechanism and sparse graph attention network are used to reduce model complexity. Experiments on public datasets show that the model is effective and performs better than the baseline model.
Self-Image in Women with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mathur Soania , LaMonica Kristi , Matthews Helen , Hill Kat
Published: March 2023

There is a fundamental gap in knowledge in how Parkinson’s disease manifests and affects women throughout their hormonal life cycle, resulting in unmet needs and adversely impacting women’s quality of life. A set of questionnaires was developed and deployed through Fox Insight (open access) to address these issues by gathering data. This is the data from the first survey. The data from the questions regarding self-image were striking. 61% of women report that their Parkinson’s disease negatively impacts their self-image. Here we explore the negative impact of Parkinson’s disease on women to begin to fill the gaps in knowledge.
Towards a formal ontology of engineering functions, behaviours, and capabilities
Authors: Compagno Francesco , Borgo Stefano
Published: March 2023

In both applied ontology and engineering, functionality is a well-researched topic, since it is through teleological causal reasoning that domain experts build mental models of engineering systems, giving birth to functions. These mental models are important throughout the whole lifecycle of any product, being used from the design phase up to diagnosis activities. Though a vast amount of work to model functions has already been carried out, the literature has not settled on a shared and well-defined approach due to the variety of concepts involved and the modeling tasks that functional descriptions should satisfy. The work in this paper posits the basis and makes some crucial steps towards a rich ontological description of functions and related concepts, such as behaviour, capability, and capacity. A conceptual analysis of such notions is carried out using the top-level ontology DOLCE as a framework, and the ensuing logical theory is formally described in first-order logic and OWL, showing how ontological concepts can model major aspects of engineering products in applications. In particular, it is shown how functions can be distinguished from the implementation methods to realize them, how one can differentiate between capabilities and capacities of a product, and how these are related to engineering functions.
Risk factors for neck pain-induced disability among primary healthcare workers: A pilot study
Authors: Zvekić-Svorcan Jelena , Krasnik Rastislava , Kuhajda Danijela , Mikov Jelena , Lacokova Krasnikova Jarmila , Dimitrov Dejan , Kovacevic Milena , Vuklis Dragana
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Neck pain (NP) is associated with high disability rates among healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential risk factors associated with disability due to NP among healthcare staff working in primary care settings. METHODS: This 30-day prospective cross-sectional study involved a survey of 63 healthcare personnel (55 women and 8 men aged 45.30±12.34 years) of two primary healthcare centers in Serbia, who completed a general questionnaire developed for this purpose along with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), whereby the potential predictors of NP-related disability were assessed using the statistical package SPSS ver. 24. RESULTS: Female healthcare workers achieved a higher score on the NDI scale (Me = 8.00, p < 0.05), as did older respondents (r = 0.260, p < 0.05), those with longer work experience (r = 0.323, p < 0.05), and those that wear prescription glasses (Me = 9.00, p < 0.01). Higher NDI scores were also achieved by respondents that suffered from neck pain at the time of the study (Me = 12.50, p < 0.001), especially if they relied on pain medication (Me = 13.00, p < 0.05), and topical analgesic creams (Me = 12.50, p < 0.05) for treating neck pain. CONCLUSION: Female sex, older age, greater work experience, current neck pain, use of pain-relieving medications and creams, and need for prescription glasses to correct vision increase the risk of disability due to pain in the cervical spine among healthcare workers.
Adults with ME/CFS report surprisingly high rates of youth symptoms: A qualitative analysis of patient blog commentary
Authors: Johnson Madeline , Torres Chelsea , Watts-Rich Halli , Jason Leonard
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic illness that impacts pediatric populations. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to better understand adult perceptions of their experiences leading up to their diagnosis of ME/CFS. METHOD: Patients provided data regarding symptoms of ME/CFS they may have experienced during childhood through a popular community blog forum, with participants interacting via blog comments in real-time and across various geographical locations. RESULTS: Descriptive analyses indicated that roughly 43% of adult survey participants reported having developed ME/CFS prior to age 18. A standard content analysis of patient blog commentary revealed several themes, such as poor mental health, family pattern/history, healthy childhood preceding sick adulthood, feeling misunderstood, lack of clarity until adulthood, sharing of resources, poor school functioning, isolation/poor social supports, and coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION: There are unique benefits and insights that can be used by investigators who collaborate with patient organizations as a means of better understanding ME/CFS illness severity, presentation, and lived experiences.
Effects of lying posture and task type on muscle fatigue, visual fatigue, and discomfort while using a smartphone on the bed
Authors: Fu Guo , Zenggen Ren , Li Liu , Xueshuang Wang , Wenbo Cai
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Neck-shoulder and arm musculoskeletal disorders in smartphone use have attracted increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of different lying postures and task types by comparing the electrooculography (EOG) responses, perceived discomfort, and the activity of neck-shoulder and arm muscles while using a smartphone on the bed. METHODS: Twenty participants were recruited to perform 30-min tasks (texting/ watching video) while holding the smartphone in three different lying postures (half-lying/lying/side-lying). Subjective discomfort, muscular activities including the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), upper trapezius (UT), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and EOG signals were simultaneously monitored. RESULTS: The results showed that the perceived discomfort of measured body parts increased significantly over time in all postures. Watching video significantly increases muscle activities of APB and UT and decreases blink frequency and blink duration. Compared to lying or half-lying, the side-lying posture has the highest blink frequency, blink duration, and muscle activities in ECR and UT. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that side-lying posture should be avoided while using a smartphone on the bed. It provides an understanding of the association between the postures of using smartphones on the bed and fatigue, which can help prevent muscle and visual fatigue in smartphone use.
Board Diversity and Earnings Management in Publicly Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Ibrahim  , Mohammed Abubakar Hamza
Published: March 2023

This study looked at how board diversity affected Nigerian listed oil and gas companies' management of earnings. Female and international directors served as proxies for the study's independent variable (board diversity), while the dependent variable (earnings management) was represented by the discretionary accruals of Nigerian listed oil and gas businesses. Eleven (11) listed Nigerian oil and gas businesses that had consistently produced audited yearly financial reports from 2009 to 2019 were employed to accomplish the study's goals. Regression models with fixed and random effects were utilized in the investigation. The outcome showed that the management of earnings of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria is negatively and significantly impacted by female directors and international directors. According to the findings, the study suggests that Nigerian listed businesses should give a gender quota for female directors.
Intellectual Capital Efficiency from the Lens of Audit Committee Attributes
Authors: Fareeha Waseem  , Syeda Fizza Abbas  , Muskan Atif Butt
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out the association between audit committee traits and intellectual capital efficiency in the context of Pakistan. For this purpose, this study employs a sample of 28 banks covering a duration of 10 years (2010-2020). Furthermore, this study employs audit committee attributes as an independent variable, while the dependent variable is the efficiency of intellectual capital, which is measured by using the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) approach. As the audit committee aids in strengthening the internal control systems by overseeing the top management decision-making process, thus, it improves the overall effectiveness of organizations. Preluding to the control system process, the results of this study are justified by revealing a significantly positive impact of audit attributes on banks’ intellectual capital efficiency. Therefore, this research illustrates the insights of intellectual capital efficiency with audit committee attributes as a major component, which would be significant for managers in making decisions regarding audit committee composition to increase intellectual capital in the developing nations.
Refraction changes in the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces during the early postoperative period following sinus trabeculectomy
Authors:   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Averich V.V. , Volzhanin A.V. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Egorova G.B. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Aim: to evaluate keratotopography of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in the early postoperative period following sinus trabeculectomy (STE). Patients and Methods: the study included 45 patients (45 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma, stages II-III, who underwent trabeculectomy, as it was impossible to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by the prescribed medications. Corneal topographic parameters of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces were evaluated with Scheimpflug camera before surgery, 1 week and 1 month after STE. Results: one week after surgery, general and corneal astigmatism increased (0.32 and 1.0 diopters, respectively). An increase in the anterior corneal curvature was usually associated with the vertical meridian and in the posterior corneal curvature — with the horizontal meridian. Topographically, there was an asymmetric steeping of individual corneal segments that cannot be explicitly classified. One month after the operation there was a trend to flattening of the anterior corneal surface and to increasing of the posterior curvature astigmatism by 0.5 diopters. Measurements taken with auto kerato-refractometer demonstrated that general astigmatism reduced by 0.69 diopters. However, the measurements revealed a 1.5-fold increase in mean corneal astigmatism compared to baseline. One week after surgery, the spherical component increased by 0.36 diopters, and following one month — by 0.62 diopters. The corneal thickness did not change during the entire follow-up period. Keratometric measurements of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces strongly correlated at all follow-up evaluation points. There was a correlation between Scheimpflug imaging and measurements taken with auto kerato-refractometer. At different time points, a relationship was found between the corneal astigmatism and the mean curvature or the steep meridian of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Conclusion: STE causes an induced astigmatism as it affects both the anterior and posterior corneal curvatures. Since the effect of induced astigmatism on the cornea is varying, it is not possible to find appropriate classification for such cases, and, as a rule, the astigmatism cannot be controlled with optical correction methods. Keywords: glaucoma, trabeculectomy, cornea, refraction, posterior corneal curvature. For citation: Averich V.V., Volzhanin A.V., Egorova G.B. Refraction changes in the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces during the early postoperative period following sinus trabeculectomy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):27–32 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-27-32.
The assessment of the tear film lipid layer in different types of dry eye syndrome
Authors:   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Safonova T.N. , Averich V.V. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Medvedeva E.S. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Aim: to assess the tear film (TF) lipid layer in different types of dry eye syndrome. Patients and Methods: this study included 60 patients (120 eyes), 20–35 years old: group 1 consisted of 20 patients (40 eyes) with a verified diagnosis of burning eye syndrome (BES) and group 2 consisted of 20 patients (40 eyes) with an established diagnosis of dry eye syndrome (DES). Group 3 (control) comprised 20 individuals (40 eyes) of the same age range, who did not have any somatic or eye diseases. The results of thiascopy in the control group individuals were considered conditionally normal findings. The exclusion criterion used in the study was the presence of clinical signs of blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patients and individuals of the control group. The evaluation of all patients included determining the number of blinking movements and the completeness of eyelid closure, conducting the Norn's test, and using an improved thiascopy method. The computed analysis of the obtained digital images was performed with "Lacrima" software. Results: in 70% of cases, an incomplete eyelid closure was detected in the group of patients with BES, while the multiplicity of blinking movements was within the normal range. The Norn's test measurements in the group of patients with BES were 12 seconds, in the group of patients with DES — 7 seconds, and in the control group — 15 seconds. The absence of TF sections with a lipid layer exceeding 0.5 microns (p<0.05); a 2.5-fold decrease in the zone with a lipid layer thickness of 0.13 — 0.27 μm a 3-fold decrease in the zone with a lipid layer thickness of 0.27 — 0.5 μm; and a 12% increase in the uncertainty zone were reported in the group of patients with BES compared to those in the group of patients with DES. Conclusion: changes in the tear film lipid layer were more pronounced in patients with BES. Keywords: dry eye syndrome, burning eye syndrome, tear film, Lacrima, thiascopy, cationic emulsion, lipid-containing agents. For citation: Safonova T.N., Averich V.V., Medvedeva E.S. The assessment of the tear film lipid layer in different types of dry eye syndrome. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):9–13 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-9-13.
Quality Trends in Cocoa Commodity Exports and Prices from Indonesia Plantations
Authors: Fisabilillah Ladi Wajuba Perdini
Published: March 2023

One of the mainstay products of plantations, cocoa has a significant economic impact on the country, especially in terms of employment, income, and foreign exchange. This research aims to identify the relationships between cocoa exports and global cocoa prices between 1985 and 2020. Granger Causality was the quantitative methodology used in this research. Cocoa export volume and global cocoa prices are the study's factors. The study's findings showed that there was a one-way causal relationship between the variables, with the international cocoa price variable successfully affecting the cocoa export variable but no evidence of a causal relationship between the cacao export variable and the international cocoa price variable. This describes how coffee exports will be impacted by the price of coffee globally.
IDEOLOGI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Asyiah Nur
Published: March 2023

Conservatism is looking at everything from a religious perspective. In talking about science and education, it tends to flow purely normative and religious. Because of interpreting the reality of the universe stems from religious teachings, then all that concerns about learning, sharing of knowledge, ethics teachers and students and other educational component must originate from the religion teaching. The purpose of religion is the purpose of learning. This course is also to narrow the science space as saying that the science that must be learned only science-oriented and beneficial to the afterlife. Rational Religious flow was represented by a group of Ikhwan al-Safa. According to the Ikhwan al-Safa, the purpose of seeking knowledge is to know themselves, but the ultimate goal. As a philosophy of education, progressivism is evolved from the philosophy of pragmatism Charles S. Pierce, William James and John Dewey. But it is more important than John dewey. Dewey regarded as adherents of instrumental or eksperimental. Dewey firmly believe that education should be pragmatic and is associated with the lives of their students. He said: "Education is life, not preparation for life".
Investigation of the influence on the cross-wall difference of tubes of the double-feed and return cold pillar rolling process at the present conditions
Authors: Нolovchenko O , Hrigorenko V
Published: March 2023

Purpose. An experimental study on modern cold rolling mills with double feed and turning on the effect of the cold rolling process on the change in the cross-wall variation in a batch of pipes and on the change in the value of the cross-wall variation at the ends of the pipes from the blank pipe to the finished pipe. The methodology is an industrial experiment on modern industrial equipment using modern devices. The study of changes in the cross-sectional variation in a batch of pipes was carried out during pipe rolling on the HPT -40-8 mill with feeding and turning the pipe in both extreme positions of the cage when rolling pipes measuring 25.4x2.11 mm. The study of the change in the cross-wall variation along the ends of the tubes from the blank tubes to the finished tube during rolling with double feed and rotation was carried out on the KPW-25 mill with feed and rotation in both extreme positions of the cage along the route of 33.7x3.2 → 16x1.5 mm steel pipes 08Х18Н10Т. The methods. The study of the change in transverse thickness from the billet to the pipe in a batch of pipes showed that the maximum value of the transverse thickness among the sample of pipes is 5.64%, the minimum is 0.85%. The average value is 3.51%, the root mean square deviation of the values of diversity is 1.174%. It is not always possible to obtain these accuracy values even at the state of the HPT, and when conducting the HPT process, where the feed is performed before the forward stroke, and the pipe is turned before the reverse stroke, it is practically impossible to obtain such indicators. The study of the change in the cross-wall difference along the ends of the pipes from the billet pipes to the finished pipe during pipe rolling on the KPW-25 mill with feed and rotation of the billet in both extreme positions of the cage showed that although the minimum values of the relative difference slightly increased, but in general the wall difference along the ends of the pipes significantly decreased. This makes it possible to reduce the cut at the ends of the pipes and, accordingly, the consumption coefficient of the metal. The originality. Additional experimental dependences were obtained on the change of the cross-wall variation from the billet pipe to the finished pipe in a batch of pipes and the change of the variation along the ends of the pipes during rolling with the execution of feed and rotation before the forward and reverse motion of the cage. Practical implementation. The conducted studies allow us to use the obtained experimental dependencies in the design of routes, deformation modes and determination of roll calibration in the manufacture of pipes with increased requirements for the accuracy of pipes in cold rolling mills, which have the ability to feed and turn the pipe before the forward and reverse movement of the cage.
Perfil epidemiológico de casos notificados de Tuberculose no estado do Piauí entre os anos de 2017 a 2021
Authors: Lima Ítalo Ricardo Silva , Paiva Lucas Zaidan da Silva , Mendes Cintia Maria de Melo , Chaves Tatiana Vieira Souza , Silva-Sampaio João Paulo da
Published: March 2023

Tuberculose é uma doença infecto contagiosa, causada pelo agente etiológico Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sendo transmitida entre pacientes contaminados por meio de gotículas de fala, espirro ou tosse que contenham o bacilo. A tuberculose ainda é um problema de saúde de acometimento mundial, principalmente pela sua fácil transmissão, sendo considerada uma das dez principais causas de morte no mundo, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os números dos casos notificados de tuberculose no Piauí nos anos de 2017 a 2021. Tratou-se de um estudo epidemiológico, documental, quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), acerca de todos os casos de Tuberculose confirmados no Piauí durante os anos de 2017 a 2021 e notificados no SINAN - DATASUS. No período analisado, foram registrados 4.053 casos, com uma média anual de 810,6/ano. De acordo com os resultados coletados, as maiores incidências foram em pacientes do sexo masculino (65,2%), na faixa etária de 20-39 anos (35,5%). Além disso, a tuberculose pulmonar foi a principal forma clínica encontrada, representando 83% dos casos. Como forma extrapulmonar, a tuberculose pleural (5,7%) foi a mais observada. A Macrorregião Meio Norte do estado do Piauí foi a que registrou a maior incidência de casos (57,9%). Assim, de acordo com os resultados coletados, foi possível definir o perfil epidemiológico desses pacientes e observar que fatores sociais, econômicos e culturais podem exercer influência direta sobre o adoecimento, tratamento e recuperação dos pacientes.
Prototype sensor system for analyzing frailty in older people: a pilot study
Authors: Mello Jorge Luiz de Carvalho , Veiga Daniela Francescato , Galhardo Vitor Ângelo Carlucio , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Tamaki Carlos Minoru , Ramos Alexandre Carlos Brandão , Souza Diba Maria Sebba Tosta de
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Frailty syndrome is characterized by reduced physical and cognitive reserves, making older people vulnerable to adverse events. This study describes a prototype sensor system developed for assessing frailty through physiological parameters and frailty markers. Methods: A prototype combining four sensors in network and a software package was developed and tested in four long-term care facility senior residents of both sexes, aged 60 and older, showing no locomotive syndrome or severe cognitive impairment. Three of them were frail and able to walk without aid (P1), holding onto the wall (P2) or with a cane (P3), and a non-frail participant (P4) walked without aid. Results: Regarding mean acceleration, P1 and P4 showed the lowest and highest values, respectively, on the antero-posterior axis; P4 had the lowest value on the medio-lateral axis; and P3 presented the highest value on the vertical axis. All participants showed similar roll angular velocity; P4 presented the lowest pitch angular velocity; and P1 and P4 had the highest mean yaw angular velocity. A sarcopenic participant (P2) exhibited the lowest force of muscle contraction. Conclusion: The device has potential to detect frailty markers for adverse outcomes in older people, such as postural instability and increased risk of falls.
La socioformación y la inclusión en ambientes de aprendizajes
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Camacho Tovar Gina Lorena , Jordan Yépez Ángela Elizabeth ,   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Morán Borja Lila Maribel ,   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Carrera Bajaña Karla Stefania
Published: March 2023

La socioformación como modelo educativo surge como una alternativa para trascender el quehacer académico a niveles adaptados a la realidad actual por lo que su aplicación ha tenido un auge excepcional en los últimos años. La socioformación nace “con la finalidad de centrar las prácticas formativas en la resolución de aquellos problemas que más aquejan a la sociedad, por medio de la colaboración, el pensamiento complejo, la mejora y evaluación continua del desempeño, la flexibilidad curricular”. Por lo tanto, se propone este esquema con el afán de establecer nuevas formas de construcción del conocimiento con el aporte y experiencia de los actores internos y externos que formen parte de las instituciones educativas.
Accidental allergic reactions to food in adolescents and adults: An overview of the factors involved and implications for prevention
Authors: Versluis Astrid , Le Thuy-My , Houben Geert F. , Knulst André C. , Van Os-Medendorp Harmieke
Published: March 2023

Accidental allergic reactions to food are one of the major problems in adult patients diagnosed with food allergy. Such reactions occur frequently, are often severe and are associated with higher medical and non-medical costs. The aim of this Perspective is to provide insight into the different factors involved in the occurrence of accidental allergic reactions and to present an overview of practical implications for effective preventive measures. Several factors affect the occurrence of accidental reactions. These factors are related to the patient, health care, or food. The most important patient-related factors are age, social barriers to disclosing their allergy and non-adherence to the elimination diet. With regards to healthcare, the degree to which clinical practice is tailored to the individual patient is an important factor. The major food-related factor is the absence of adequate precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) guidelines. Since many factors are involved in accidental allergic reactions, different preventive strategies are needed. It is highly recommended that health care be tailored to the individual patient, with regard to education about the elimination diet, support on behavioral and psychosocial aspects, usage of shared decision-making and taking into account health literacy. In addition, it is crucial that steps are taken to improve policies and guidelines for PAL.
Proxy voting in the U.S. House of Representatives: Legislative shirking in new clothing?
Authors: Mixon Franklin G. , Torgler Benno
Published: March 2023

New technological developments have heightened interest in understanding and evaluating new tools of participatory and representative engagement in the political sphere. Recent academic research in this area is mainly theoretical, and focuses on voters rather than legislators. This study addresses this gap in the literature by empirically exploring the unique case of proxy voting by members of the U.S. House of Representatives that was introduced as an emergency measure to allow the Congress to function during COVID-19. The core result from this study, given its finding that vote skipping during 2019 is positively correlated with the use of proxy voting during 2021, indicates that proxy voting in this case is connected to legislative shirking. Thus, it appears that the proxy voting mechanism introduced in 2020 via a U.S. House resolution represents a new configuration of traditional legislative shirking or vote skipping.
Cobalt containing glass fibres and their synergistic effect on the HIF-1 pathway for wound healing applications
Authors: Solanki Anu K. , Autefage Hélène , Rodriguez Antonio R. , Agarwal Shweta , Penide Joaquin , Mahat Muzamir , Whittaker Thomas , Nommeots-Nomm Amy , Littmann Elena , Payne David J. , Metcalfe Anthony D. , Quintero Felix , Pou Juan , Stevens Molly M. , Jones Julian R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Methods: Chronic wounds are a major healthcare problem, but their healing may be improved by developing biomaterials which can stimulate angiogenesis, e.g. by activating the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway. Here, novel glass fibres were produced by laser spinning. The hypothesis was that silicate glass fibres that deliver cobalt ions will activate the HIF pathway and promote the expression of angiogenic genes. The glass composition was designed to biodegrade and release ions, but not form a hydroxyapatite layer in body fluid.

Results and Discussion: Dissolution studies demonstrated that hydroxyapatite did not form. When keratinocyte cells were exposed to conditioned media from the cobalt-containing glass fibres, significantly higher amounts of HIF-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were measured compared to when the cells were exposed to media with equivalent amounts of cobalt chloride. This was attributed to a synergistic effect of the combination of cobalt and other therapeutic ions released from the glass. The effect was also much greater than the sum of HIF-1α and VEGF expression when the cells were cultured with cobalt ions and with dissolution products from the Co-free glass, and was proven to not be due to a rise in pH. The ability of the glass fibres to activate the HIF-1 pathway and promote VEGF expression shows the potential for their use in chronic wound dressings.
Evaluation of selenite reduction under salinity and sulfate stress in anaerobic membrane bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Shuang , Zhang Gaorong , Peng Yixiang , Wei Qiaoyan , Jiang Minmin , Zheng Junjian
Published: March 2023

Current microbial reduction technologies have been proven to be suitable for decontaminating industrial wastewaters containing high concentrations of selenium (Se) oxyanions, however, their application is strictly limited by the elemental Se (Se0) accumulation in the system effluents. In this work, a continuous-flow anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was employed for the first time to treat synthetic wastewater containing 0.2 mM soluble selenite (SeO32−). The SeO32− removal efficiency by the AnMBR was approachable to 100% in most of the time, regardless of the fluctuation in influent salinity and sulfate (SO42−) stress. Se0 particles were always undetectable in the system effluents, owing to their interception by the surface micropores and adhering cake layer of membranes. High salt stress led to the aggravated membrane fouling and diminished content ratio of protein to polysaccharide in the cake layer-contained microbial products. The results of physicochemical characterization suggested that the sludge-attached Se0 particles presented either sphere- or rod-like morphology, hexagonal crystalline structure and were entrapped by the organic capping layer. According to the microbial community analysis, increasing influent salinity led to the diminished population of non-halotolerant Se-reducer (Acinetobacter) and increased abundance of halotolerant sulfate reducing bacteria (Desulfomicrobium). In the absence of Acinetobacter, the efficient SeO32− abatement performance of the system could still be maintained, as a result of the abiotic reaction between SeO32− and S2- generated by Desulfomicrobium, which then gave rise to the production of Se0 and S0.