bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conventional Regulation of International Cooperation within OECD
Authors: Petrenko Anatolii
Published: March 2021

A characteristic trend in the development of international law in the second half of the XX century and early XXI century is thesignificant expansion of the law-making function of international intergovernmental organizations, which are obtaining an increasinglyimportant role each year in resolving common issues in the political, economic, social, educational and other spheres, acting on behalfand in the interests of the states that formed them. In the system of international organizations of economic nature, an important placebelongs to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which unites 36 industrialized countries as at 2020. Duringalmost 70 years of the OECD existence, the organization has developed and adopted a wide variety of legal instruments aimed ataddressing the widest range of issues related to various sectors of the economy, the fight against corruption, education and science, theenvironment, etc., recommendations, declarations, international agreements, ad hoc instruments. Based on a purely quantitative indicator,legally binding international treaties have a relatively small percentage of the entire normative body of acts adopted under theOECD. In total, 13 conventions were adopted within its framework, 10 of which are in force today. However, the conventions, deve -loped under the aegis of the OECD, are quite successful examples of codification and progressive development of international law inthe fields of: anti-corruption (Convention to Combat Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions of December17, 1997); administrative assistance in the field of taxation (Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters of January25, 1988 and Protocol amending the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters of May 27, 2010); counteractionto the tax base erosion and profit shift (Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosionand Profit Shifting of November 24, 2016); nuclear safety, liability for damage caused by nuclear incidents (Convention on theEstablishment of a Security Control in the Field of Nuclear Energy of December 20, 1957, Convention on Third Party Liability in theField of Nuclear Energy of July 29, 1960 (Paris Convention, 1960), Convention of 31 January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Conventionof July 29, 1960 (Brussels Supplementary Convention).
To the issue of the nature of political power
Authors: Sirenko Vitaliy
Published: March 2021

It is emphasized by the author that the difficulties of the protracted transition period and the modern external and internal challengesfor Ukraine’s statehood, which more than ever require an effective and efficient public power, pressingly actualize the problemsof the nature of political power. The purpose of the article is to study the nature of political power and to clarify its structure and sources.Analyzing various definitions of power, the author draws attention to the consideration of power as a social phenomenon, as theability to subordinate the behavior and activities of people to the will of the whole society. This approach distinguishes the concept ofpower among other sociological categories. It is stressed that power is a volitional public relation, however, the will of the subject isalmost always determined by his or her interests.The essence of power is single, it is expressed by the dependence between the need to realize the interests of the subjects and thepossibility of their realization, controlled by the bearers of the dominant interests and expressing their dominant will. Structurally,power includes three essential elements: the dominant interest, the dominant will, expressing it, and the means of securing this dominance.Coercion as a means of securing the dominant interest and the dominant will, expressing it, is an indispensable indication ofpower. The degree of coercion can be different, from direct violence and suppression to the mere availability of the means of coercionand the potential threat of its use.Characterizing the qualities of power, the author considers its content basis, in addition to the essential one. Power manifests itselfnot only in violence, but also in the organization of common work, in social management. Power is the essence of administration. Theimpact of public administration on social processes is determined by the logic of the movement of interests of the corresponding modeof production.The issues of integrity of power, unity of power and separation of powers are considered. It is emphasized that the strength ofthe relationship of interests, power and administration is constantly measured by the outcome of the struggle of interests in the foundationsof civil society.It is proved that public administration is a relationship between the need to form the realization of the interests of members of astate-organized society and the opportunities that the state provides them as an official representative of society.
MÜASİR BEYNƏLXALQ MÜNASİBƏTLƏRDƏ QLOBALLAŞMA VƏ MİLLİ-MƏDƏNİ KİMLİK
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm və Menecment Universiteti, Zülfüqar oğlu İsgəndərli Samir
Published: March 2021

Key words: international relations, globalization, national-cultural identity
SOFT POWER POTENTIAL OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm və Menecment Universiteti, Xaliq qızı Qafarlı Simuzər
Published: March 2021

Key words: soft power, multiculturalism, public diplomacy
XOCALI SOYQIRIMI: CİNAYƏT HÜQUQİ TƏHLİLİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Etibar oğlu Əhmədov Oktay
Published: March 2021

Key words: Khojali genocide, international criminal law, politics, genocide, massacre, tragedy
REGARDING SOME ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES
Authors:   Baku State University, Murad Akhundov Bahram
Published: March 2021

Key words: criminal liability, legal entities, criminal-legal measures applied to legal entities
The effect of COVID-19 on medical students’ education and wellbeing: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Salimi Ali , Barone Natasha , Alam Peter , Thibaudeau Stephanie
Published: March 2021

Background: Canadian medical school curriculums have undergone major restructuring during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study’s goal was to assess the perceived impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ education and wellbeing. 

Methods: An online survey was distributed to Canadian medical students.  Descriptive analyses and ANOVAs were used to assess changes in mental health, health habits and quality of education during the pandemic.

Results: 248 medical students from 13 schools across Canada participated in this study. 74% reported a reduction in the quality of their education since COVID-19. 58% of students found online to be inferior to in-person teaching. 65% of students had more time for wellness and leisure activities, about half of the cohort felt more depressed (48%) and lonelier (52%). Student’s overall health habits worsened after the start of the pandemic (F=37.4, p < 0.001). Alcohol drinking, time spent seated, and screen time also increased since the pandemic (p < 0.001). During the pandemic, students with a prior history of depression or anxiety expressed increased depressive symptoms (66% vs. 42%, p =0.003), increased anxiety (69% vs. 41%, p < 0001), worse sleep quality (34% vs. 18%, p = 0.031), and poorer quality of life (55% vs. 65%, p = 0.024) versus those with no prior history.

Conclusion: Canadian medical student’s education and wellbeing has been negatively impacted during the pandemic.
Politisasi Agama Versus Sekularisasi Politik Perdebatan Perjumpaan Agama Dengan Negara
Authors: Mukhtar Mukhtar
Published: March 2021

Studi ini menggambarkan perdebatan para pemikir Islam pada umumnya maupun cendekiawan Muslim di Indonesia pada khususnya tentang hubungan antara agama dan negara dengan permaslahan tentang bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Islam tentang agama dan negara, bagaimana sikap para pemikir Islam tentang wacana hubungan agama dan negara.

Kajian ini bersifat deskriftif analisis-kritis dengan menggunakan pendekatan  sosio-politik dan agama. Di samping juga digunakan pola pikir dialektik dalam mengulas setiap model pemikiran baik yang pro maupun yang kontra.

Hasil temuan dalam kajian tentang hubungan antara agama dan negara didapatkan varian pemikira, hal ini dapat dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok yang pertama adalah pemikiran yang mendukung bahwa dalam Islam itu mencakup semua permaslahan kehidupan termasuk politik. Untuk pemikiran ini menegaskan adanya sistem politik yang diatur oleh Islam. Refresentasi dari pemikiran ini adalah Abu a’la al-Maududi yang kemudian mendapatkan tantangan keras dari Ibnu Taimiyyah. Kelompok yang kedua adalah pemikiran yang melihat Islam sebagai agama yang tidak sepenuhnya dimasukkan dalam gelanggang politik atau upaya sekularisaasi. Untuk konteks keindonesian, dapat diamati dari pemikiran Nucholish Madjid yang mendengungkan ide-ide pembaharuan, termasuk ide-ide sekularisasi politik dan paham liberal. Ide-ide ini kemudian mendapatkan tanggapan keras dari generasi yang semasa dengan Nurcholish antara lain, Endang Saifuddin, sementara generasi tua termasuk Prof. Rsyidi.
Dampak Pernikahan Usia Dini Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam
Authors: B Jalil
Published: March 2021

Pandangan tentang usia pernikahan dini menurut Islam  maupun pernikahan usia dini menurut hukum Islam masih jadi fenomena ini banyak terjadi pada masyarakat perdesaan dalam hal sebuah pernikahan dini termasuk dalam studi kasus Penetapan Perkara Nomor 297/Pdt.P/2016/PA.Pwl pada Pengadilan Agama Polewali. Perkawinan menganut prinsip bahwa calon suami dan isteri harus telah masuk jiwa raganya untuk dapat melangsungkan pernikahan, agar dapat mewujudkan tujuan pernikahan secara baik tanpa berakhir pada perceraian dan mendapatkan keturunan yang baik dan sehat,  untuk itu harus dicegah adanya perkawinan antara calon suami dan isteri yang masih dibawah umur. Dalam Islam syarat perkawinan itu adalah ‘aqil dan baligh yang tidak memandang batas usia. Berdasarkan perbedaan inilah penulis ingin meneliti terkait perbedaaan ini. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research) yakni dengan membaca dan  menela’ah buku-buku serta tulisan-tulisan yang ada kaitannya dengan  objek pembahasan,yakni dampak pernikahan usia dini, menurut hukum Islam.

Berdasarkan permasalahan,  hasil penelitian ini antara lain: bahwa dalam hal pernikahan menurut Islam, Islam sangat memuliakan pernikahan sehingga ikatan itu ditetapkan sebanding dengan separuh agam, menurut syariat Islam usia kelayakan pernikahan adalah usia kecakapan berbuat dan menerima hak (ahliyatul ada’ wa al-wujub). Islam tidak menetukan batas usia namun mengatur usia baligh untuk siap menerima pembebanan hukum Islam.Dalam Hukum Islam atau fiqih tidak ada batasan minimal usia pernikahan, jumhur atau mayoritas ulama mengatakan bahwa wali atau orang tua boleh minikahkan anak perempuannya dalam usia berapapun.

Selain itu perlu diperhatikan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh pernikahan usia dini, karena tidak matangnya dalam berpikir dan menyelesaikan persoalan dalam pernikahan. Sehingga tujuan pernikahan yang mawwadah dan rahmah tidak tercapai secara maksmimal.
Pengaruh Implementasi Peran Guru Bimbingan Konseling Dan Intensitas Mengikuti Kegiatan Osis Terhadap Kedisiplinan Mentaati Tata Tertib Sekolah Pada Siswa SMK Negeri Campalagian Kabupaten Polman Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Rahayu Muji
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi peran guru bimbingan konseling dan intensitas mengikuti kegiatan OSIS terhadap kedisiplinan mentaati tata tertib sekolah pada siswa SMK Negeri Campalagian Kabupaten Polman tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi sebab akibat dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SMK Negeri Campalagian Kabupaten Polman berjumlah 70 siswa. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 orang yang diambil dengan cara sampel kombinasi (combined sampling), yaitu “Quota purposive area proportional random sampling”.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara implemenasi peran guru BK dan intensitas mengikuti kegiatan OSIS terhadap kedisiplinan mentaati tata tertib sekolah. Ada pengaruh implemenasi peran guru BK dan   intensitas mengikuti kegiatan OSIS terhadap kedisiplinan  mentaati  tata  tertib  sekolah  pada siswa SMK Negeri 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polman Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Hal ini dibuktikan dari harga Freg = 6,743, dimana Fhitung > Ftabel = 6,743 > 3,26 atau 6,743 > 4,38, sehingga Ha diterima. Variabel implementasi peran guru Bimbingan Konseling memberikan sumbangan relatif (SR%X1) sebesar 47,03% dan sumbangan efektif (SE%X1) sebesar 12,56%. Variabel intensitas mengikuti kegiatan OSIS memberikan sumbangan relatif (SR%X2) sebesar 52,97% dan sumbangan efektif (SE%X2) sebesar 14,15%. Sehingga intensitas mengikuti kegiatan OSIS memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dominan terhadap kedisiplinan mentaati tata tertib sekolah.
Efektivitas Metode Talking Stick Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Peserta Didik Kelas V Mi Al-Irsyad Leteang Desa Tenggelang Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Mahmuddin Mahmuddin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang efektifitas penggunaan metode pembelajaran talking stick dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika pada peserta didik kelas V MI Al-Irsyad Leteang Desa Tenggelang Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperiment, dimana penerapan atau penggunaan metode pembelajaran talking stick diuji cobakan dalam pembelajaran Matematika dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah “One Group Pretest-Posttest Design”. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik total sampling dengan jumlah 30 orang peserta didik. Tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan pelaksanaan tes. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial berupa analisis perbandingan dengan menggunakan uji-t.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai hasil belajar matematika yang dicapai oleh peserta didik kelas V MI Al-Irsyad Leteang Desa Tenggelang Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 pada tes awal (pre-test) adalah 49,73 yang berada pada kategori sedang. Setelah diberi perlakuan dengan menerapkan  metode pembelajaran Talking Stick, hasil belajar matematika peserta didik mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan menjadi 76,45 pada tes akhir (post-test). Dengan demikian, metode pembelajaran talking stick efektif digunakan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada peserta didik kelas V MI Al-Irsyad Leteang Desa Tenggelang Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.

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Strategi Komunikasi Antarpribadi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pendidik Pada SMK DDI Polman
Authors: Yusril Yusril
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini mengungkap strategi komunikasi antarpribadi terhadap motivasi belajar kinerja pendidik pada SMK DDI Polewali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi komunikasi kelompok dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar Seni Budaya siswa SMK DDI Polewali Mandar untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan strategi komunikasi kelompok dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar Seni Budaya siswa SMK DDI Polewali Mandar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Penentuan  informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik SMK DDI Polewali. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam menggunakan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi berperan penting dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar seni budaya peserta didik SMK DDI Polewali.
Pengaruh Latihan Konsep Diri Terhadap Peningkatan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Di MAN 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Rahayu Muji
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan konsep diri terhadap peningkatan kemandirian belajar peserta didik di MAN 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanatory research dengan tipe ekspos fakto. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua peserta didik di MAN 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar sebanyak 1152 orang dengan jimlah sampel 37 responden peserta didik yang ditentukan secara probability sampling dengan teknik pengambilan simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, kuesioner, studi pustaka dan telaah dokumen. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan konsep diri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemandirian belajar peserta didik di MAN 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa semakin sering peserta didik latihan konsep diri, maka kemandirian belajar peserta didik tersebut akan semakin meningkat pula. Hal ini terbukti dari skor pencapaian konsep diri peserta didik yang berada dalam kategori sedang, maka hal tersebut diikuti pula dengan skor pencapaian kemandirian belajar peserta didik yang juga berada dalam kategori sedang. Besar korelasinya adalah 0,641 yang berkategori sedang dan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,000 < 0,05. Kontribusi pengaruh variabel latihan konsep diri terhadap peningkatan kemandirian belajar peserta didik di MAN 1 Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar sebesar 41,1%, sedangkan sisanya yaitu 58,9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar bahasan penelitian.
Milli neft sektorunda innovasiya fəaliyyətinin genişləndirilməsi perspektivləri
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: March 2021

Təşkilati innovasiya fəaliyyəti elmi-texniki və intellektual potensialı səfərbər edərək daha optimal və davamlı səmərəliliyə müvəffəq olmanı şərtləndirən tədbirlər sistemidir. Neft-qaz industriyası da innovasiya fəaliyyətinin məhsuldar, sınanmış və geniş tətbiq tələb edən sahələrindəndir. Burada innovasiya fəaliyyətinin inkişaf etdirilməsi sahəvi elmi-texniki potensialın durumu, keyfiyyət və kəmiyyət parametrləri ilə səciyyələndirilir. Prosesli və dinamik olmaqla innovasiya bu baxımdan milli neft sektorunda bütün qammada, həm texnoloji və həm də idarəetmə kontekstində əhəmiyyətini nümayiş etdirmək imkanlıdır.
Impact of Sepsis Flow Chip, a novelty fast microbiology method, in the treatment of bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli
Authors: Merino Esperanza , Gimeno Adelina , Alcalde Mar , Coy Javier , Boix Vicente , Molina-Pardines Carmen , Ventero Maria Paz , Galiana Antonio , Caro Elena , Rodríguez Juan Carlos ,   Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Spain
Published: March 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the information provided by the new Sepsis Chip Flow system (SFC) and other fast microbiological techniques on the selection of the appropriate antimicrobial treatment by the clinical researchers of an antimicrobial stewardship team. Methods. Two experienced clinical researchers performed the theoretical exercise of independently selecting the treatment for patients diagnosed by bacteremia due to bacilli gram negative (BGN). At first, the clinicians had only available the clinical characteristics of 74 real patients. Sequentially, information regarding the Gram stain, MALDI-TOF, and SFC from Vitro were provided. Initially, the researchers prescribed an antimicrobial therapy based on the clinical data, later these data were complementing with information from microbiological techniques, and the clinicians made their decisions again. Results. The data provided by the Gram stain reduced the number of patients prescribed with combined treatments (for clinician 1, from 23 to 7, and for clinician 2, from 28 to 12), but the use of carbapenems remained constant. In line with this, the data obtained by the MALDI-TOF also decreased the combined treatment, and the use of carbapenems remained unchanged. By contrast, the data on antimicrobial resistance provided by the SFC reduced the carbapenems treatment. Conclusions. From the theoretical model the Gram stain and the MALDI-TOF results achieved a reduction in the combined treatment. However, the new system tested (SFC), due to the resistance mechanism data provided, not only reduced the combined treatment, it also decreased the prescription of the carbapenems
Medicinal Asteraceas in two Andean communities in southern Peru: Quinua (Ayacucho) and Lircay (Huancavelica)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Hurtado-Huarcaya Jose , Castañeda Roxana ,   Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Albán-Castillo Joaquina ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research was conducted an ethnobotanical study of wild asteraceas for medicinal use in two Andean communities of southern Peru, located in Quinua (Ayacucho) and Lircay (Huancavelica) districts. Samples of Asteraceae family were collected and semistructured interviews were conducted to 191 informants (105 in Quinua and 86 in Lircay). Likewise, the cultural importance of each of the species was calculated. 28 genera and 44 species of medicinal wild asteraceae are registered in both communities; 33 species in Quinua and 35 in Lircay. All the species were classified within 18 medicinal subcategories, being the affections of the digestive and genitourinary system which presented the highest number of species and use reports. The Asteraceae of greater cultural importance for both communities is Ambrosia arborescens “marko”. The main conclusión is that communities studied still maintain the medicinal use of asteraceas until today.
Foliar morpho-anatomy of Araujia odorata (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae) in an altitudinal gradient. Histochemistry of laticifers
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Alvarez Maria de los Angeles , Mercado Maria Ines ,   Fundación Miguel Lillo, Guantay Maria Eugenia ,   Fundación Miguel Lillo, Ponessa Graciela Ines ,   Fundación Miguel Lillo
Published: March 2021

Araujia odorata is a sub-shrub native from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, whose latex, roots and leaves are used in traditional medicine. The objective of this work is to study the foliar morpho-anatomy of six populations in an altitudinal gradient (359-2155 m.a.s.l.) of Northwestern Argentine and to determine the nature of the compounds present in the laticiferous of the stems and fruits using conventional techniques for plant anatomy. The populations under study did not show significant morpho-anatomical differences. They presented simple leaves, pinnated brochydodromous venation, amphiestomatic isolateral lamina, brachy, anomo and amphicyclocytic stomata, eglandular trichomes, midvein with bicolateral vascular bundle and non-articulated laticifers continuous in the petiole, stem and fruits. Differences in the quantified foliar parameters are observed, however, only the density of trichomes, stomata and the thickness of the cuticle are positively correlated with the altitudinal gradient, indicating phenotypic plasticity. Histochemical analysis of laticifers and other stem idioblasts of A. odorata was performed for the first time.
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of the methanolic crude extract from Inula glomerata Oliv. & Hiern (Asteraceae) and Salacia kraussii (Harv.) Harv (Celastraceae)
Authors:   University of Zululand, Ojo Michael C , Osunsanmi Foluso O ,   University of Zululand, Cele Nkosinathi D ,   University of Zululand, Zharare Godfrey E ,   University of Zululand, Mosa Rebamang A ,   University of Pretoria, Opoku Andy R ,   University of Zululand
Published: March 2021

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in multiple pathological conditions including erectile dysfunction. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of Inula glomerata and Salacia kraussii. The plant materials were pulverized and extracted with methanol. The phytochemical analysis, ability of the crude extracts to scavenge free radicals (ABTS, DPPH, NO.) in vitro as well as the total phenolic and flavonoid contents was investigated. In vivo, antioxidant potentials of the crude extracts (50/250 mg/kg body weight) were determined in an erectile dysfunction rat model. The phytochemical analysis revealed that both plants contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The crude extracts at varying degree of efficiency, scavenged ABTS and DPPH radicals. The crude extracts at low concentrations (50 mg/kg b.w) significantly (p<0.05) diminished the level of malondialdehyde, augmented catalase activities and elevated glutathione levels. However, SOD activities were significantly boosted in a dose-dependent manner by the crude extracts. Therefore, I. glomerata and S. kraussii possess antioxidant properties, hence, can serve as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced erectile dysfunction.
Youtube as Da'wah Media Innovation in Disruption Era
Authors: Hilmi Mustofa
Published: March 2021

This article aims to analyze YouTube as a da'wah media for Muslim preachers in the disruption era. The use of Youtube as a medium of preaching significantly impacted developing increasingly competitive digital da'wah content. The digitalization of Islamic da'wah on Youtube has made the Dai (preacher) more proactive in making updates and adjustments. Dai's proficiency in the mastery of dakwah media via Youtube is one of the determining factors in digitizing da'wah. Therefore, Dai, who uses Youtube as a medium of preaching in the digital era, must always carry out innovation. Dai can create material videos by adding stimulating effects such as animated visualization, adding unique descriptions for important material points, and religious music back sounds. Dai also take advantage of image editing applications such as CorelDRAW, Photoshop, and video applications such as Filmora, VideoPad, or Adobe Premiere in the material creation process. Innovation is the process of making a da'wah video is very important so that the da'wah material can touch the community, especially the millennial generation.
Influences of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms: Current situation of nanoparticles effects in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Gökçe Didem
Published: March 2021

The quick improvement of nanotechnology permits a wide range of utilization of engineered nanoparticles, such as personal care products, medicals, optics, electronics, and automobiles. The nanoparticles manufactured from Ag, Au carbon-nanotube, ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, Cu, Ni, and magnetic ferrites are among the generally utilized in products. The nanoparticles are produced and utilized in large quantities and release into marine and freshwater ecosystems during production, use, discharge, treatment, and deposition. Those particles with a mean size of 1 nm - 100 nm are of potential environmental risks because of their particular qualifications and high reactivity although their great economical values. Based on the studies, the size, shape, and surface physical and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles show the level of aggregation, solubility, structural and chemical composition, the importance of the use of nanoparticles, and their toxicity with biological systems. Nanoparticles can potentially cause adverse impacts on tissue, cellular, genetic materials, and protein- enzyme levels due to their unique physical and chemical qualifications. In this study, the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems were evaluated.
Village Tutelary Deities as a Cultural and Axiological Symbol in Korea and Romania
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwan
Published: March 2021

An artistic creation expressed as a cultural phenomenon symbolizes the characteristics
of a nation’s soul and mental life. And the cultural heritage of a nation, which shows
us the religious symbols and signs in the great nature to be harmonized with the profane and the sacred, is also easily found in the East and the West. Troytsa, Jangseung,
Sotdae: these can be taken as representative. Regarding the Romanian cultural heritage
of Troytsa, the village tutelary deity conforms very similarly to Korean Jangseung and
Sotdae. Jangseung and Sotdae, representative popular sculptured creations of Korean
folk beliefs, and which are related to the totem pole, are close to villagers’ lives, being
the divine protection of the village’s peace, as well as functioning as a signpost and
a boundary, ensuring a good harvest and preventing misfortune, etc. A Sotdae, which
features a bird on top of a pole, is recognized as an object of belief mixed between the
“Tree of the World” and the “Bird of the Soul” in northern-cultural Asian shamanism.
Unlike them, the Romanian Troytsa, which took root in an ancient faith (the Totem of
the Tree), is a divine, sculptured creation mixed with Christianity, generally located at
the entrance of a village or at an intersection of roads. These tutelary deities and their
variations share functions and characteristics, but their features and patterns are different. Jangseung have angry and fearful countenances in order to turn away diseases
and evil spirits, but Sotdae and Troytsa maintain the style of a menhir or a column as
one of the folk beliefs related to the totem pole. Even today, Troytsa, Jangseung, Sotdae
are being generated and developed as representative cultural prototypes and village
tutelary deities.
Against the Idea of Africa as “Absolute Dystopia”
Authors: Coetzee Paulette
Published: March 2021

This paper examines two works that anticipate Africa-centred futures as positive and possible, without promising utopia. Americanah and After the Flare both embrace contradiction and complexity. Furthermore, their treatment of societies (mis)shaped by historical violence includes acknowledgement of their own imbrication in global structures of capitalist modernity. Against the grim backdrop of rising inequality, resurgent racism and the effects of climate change – a moment in which dystopic visions tend to predominate – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Deji Bryce Olukotun’s novels embody a kind of hope. Nonetheless, these alternatives to dystopia do not imagine that the problems and abuses of the present might easily be overcome. Thus, despite their employment of popular genres that invite rather than disavow pleasure, these fictions do not simply offer a form of escapism to distract us as the world burns. Rather, I would argue, they provide useful perspectives on Africa, on race and on humanity, that also have relevance in terms of current discourses of the Anthropocene. Before elaborating my argument in relation to Adichie and Olukotun’s works, I will examine some aspects of the contexts within and against which they operate – in terms of history, geography and representation concerning race, blackness, humanity, and Africa.
Structure and Resistance in Thomas Pynchon’s Bleeding Edge
Authors: Grgas Stipe
Published: March 2021

From his first to his last novel, Pynchon has addressed the “constraints” hemming in
human existence and gestured to different ways of transcending these. After summarizing the way his novels exemplify this twofold movement I will offer a reading of his
last novel Bleeding Edge and show how the dialectic between structures of power and
human resistance continue to order the narrative. My reading of the novel will argue
that, like in his previous work, the cooption of utopian potential resurfaces in this work
and offers a vivid way of analyzing “speculative change” in literature.
Identifying work-related factors influencing job satisfaction using job descriptive index questionnaire: a study of IT companies in Hanoi
Authors: Duong Van Hieu , Duong Thi Hoai Nhung , Tran My Linh
Published: March 2021

IT professionals’ job satisfaction is important in minimizing turnover, improving job performance, minimizing absenteeism, and increasing the level of job involvement. The primary purpose of this study is to measure the job satisfaction of IT professionals and to identify which factors influence job satisfaction the most in Hanoi’s IT companies. The study also investigates the relationship between job satisfaction factors and the overall job satisfaction by using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and Job General Index (JGI) questionnaire to evaluate the construct validity of factors. Data were gathered from a survey of 326 IT professionals in systems development to capture perceptions regarding workrelated factors on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results of this study indicate that compensation and benefits, co-worker, promotion opportunities, nature of work, and supervision are positively related to job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the study provides implications to business executives in the IT businesses.
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Constraining the Gas Fraction of a Compact Quiescent Galaxy at z = 1.883
Authors: Caliendo Joyce N , Whitaker Katherine E , Akhshik Mohammad , Wilson Grant , Williams Christina C. , Spilker Justin S. , Mahler Guillaume , Pope Alexandra , Sharon Keren , Aguilar Emmaly , Bezanson Rachel , Dagostino Miguel Chavez , Gómez-Ruiz Arturo I. , Montaña Alfredo , Toft Sune , de la Rosa Miguel Velazquez , Zeballos Milagros
Published: March 2021

We present constraints on the dust continuum flux and inferred gas content of a gravitationally lensed massive quiescent galaxy at z = 1.883 ± 0.001 using AzTEC 1.1 mm imaging with the Large Millimeter Telescope. MRG-S0851 appears to be a prototypical massive compact quiescent galaxy, but evidence suggests that it experienced a centrally concentrated rejuvenation event in the last 100 Myr. This galaxy is undetected in the AzTEC image but we calculate an upper limit on the millimeter flux and use this to estimate the H2 mass limit via an empirically calibrated relation that assumes a constant molecular-gas-to-dust ratio of 150. We constrain the 3σ upper limit of the H2 fraction from the dust continuum in MRG-S0851 to be

M

H

2

/

M

⋆

≤
6.8
%

. MRG-S0851 has a low gas fraction limit with a moderately low sSFR owing to the recent rejuvenation episode, which together result in a relatively short depletion time of <0.6 Gyr if no further H2 gas is accreted. Empirical and analytical models both predict that we should have detected molecular gas in MRG-S0851, especially given the rejuvenation episode; this suggests that cold gas and/or dust is rapidly depleted in at least some early quiescent galaxies.
First Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Emission from an Exoplanet Atmosphere: High-dispersion Characterization of WASP-33b Using Subaru/IRD
Authors: Nugroho Stevanus K. , Kawahara Hajime , Gibson Neale P. , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Hirano Teruyuki , Kotani Takayuki , Kawashima Yui , Masuda Kento , Brogi Matteo , Birkby Jayne L. , Watson Chris A. , Tamura Motohide , Zwintz Konstanze , Harakawa Hiroki , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Hodapp Klaus , Ishizuka Masato , Jacobson Shane , Konishi Mihoko , Kurokawa Takashi , Nishikawa Jun , Omiya Masashi , Serizawa Takuma , Ueda Akitoshi , Vievard Sébastien
Published: March 2021

We report the first detection of a hydroxyl radical (OH) emission signature in the planetary atmosphere outside the solar system, in this case, in the dayside of WASP-33b. We analyze high-resolution near-infrared emission spectra of WASP-33b taken using the InfraRed Doppler spectrograph on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. The telluric and stellar lines are removed using a detrending algorithm, SysRem. The residuals are then cross-correlated with OH and H2O planetary spectrum templates produced using several different line lists. We check and confirm the accuracy of OH line lists by cross-correlating with the spectrum of GJ 436. As a result, we detect the emission signature of OH at K
p of

km s−1 and v
sys of −0.3

km s−1 with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 5.4 and a significance of 5.5σ. Additionally, we marginally detect H2O emission in the H-band with an S/N of 4.0 and a significance of 5.2σ using the POKAZATEL line list. However, no significant signal is detected using the HITEMP 2010, which might be due to differences in line positions and strengths, as well as the incompleteness of the line lists. Nonetheless, this marginal detection is consistent with the prediction that H2O is mostly thermally dissociated in the upper atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiters. Therefore, along with CO, OH is expected to be one of the most abundant O-bearing molecules in the dayside atmosphere of ultra-hot Jupiters and should be considered when studying their atmospheres.
Pure Density Evolution of the Ultraviolet Quasar Luminosity Function at 2 ≲ z ≲ 6
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin
Published: March 2021

The quasar luminosity function (QLF) shows the active galactic nucleus (AGN) demography as a result of the combination of the growth and the evolution of black holes, galaxies, and dark matter halos along the cosmic time. The recent wide and deep surveys have improved the census of high-redshift quasars, making it possible to construct reliable ultraviolet (UV) QLFs at 2 ≲ z ≲ 6 down to M
1450 = − 23 mag. By parameterizing these up-to-date observed UV QLFs that are the most extensive in both luminosity and survey area coverage at a given redshift, we show that the UV QLF has a universal shape and its evolution can be approximated by a pure density evolution (PDE). In order to explain the observed QLF, we construct a model QLF employing the halo mass function, a number of empirical scaling relations, and the Eddington ratio distribution. We also include the outshining of AGN over its host galaxy, which made it possible to reproduce a moderately flat shape of the faint end of the observed QLF (slope of ∼ − 1.1). This model successfully explains the observed PDE behavior of UV QLF at z > 2, meaning that the QLF evolution at high redshift can be understood under the framework of halo mass function evolution. The importance of the outshining effect in our model also implies that there could be a hidden population of faint AGNs (M
1450 ≳ − 24 mag), which are buried under their host galaxy light.
In vitro Study of the Effect of Internal Relief Space on the Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneer
Authors: Mostafa Abd El Azeem , Mohsen Cherif A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Ceramic laminate veneer restoring is considered a challenging modality in solving various esthetic dental problems.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of digital internal relief space on the color of ceramic laminate veneer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acrylic central incisor model was prepared for ceramic laminate veneer with standard measures. The prepared acrylic resin dentotype model was scanned with intraoral computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) optical scanner (CEREC Omnicam|Dentsply Sirona). The laminate veneer design was planned on the optically scanned preparation on CAD/CAM system software (CEREC software|Dentsply Sirona). Thirty ceramic laminate veneer specimens were machined from zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo blocks, Dentsply/Sirona) according to standard design by CAD/CAM system with the change of the digital internal relief space settings. The specimens were divided into three groups according to their digital internal relief settings (IRS) (20, 60, and 100 μm) (n = 10). Thirty epoxy dies were duplicated from the prepared acrylic model. The ceramic laminate veneer specimens were cemented to epoxy dies with total etch resin cement system according to the manufacture instructions. The color change (ΔE) of the cemented ceramic laminate veneer specimens was measured by spectrophotometer (Vita Easy shade, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) using the CIELAB scale and L*, a*, b*. Each specimen was measured two times (before and after cementation). The value of color difference (ΔE) was calculated according to the formula: ΔE = [(L*2 - L*1)2 + (a*2 - a*1)2 + (b*2- b*1) 2]½.
RESULTS: The highest mean value of ΔE was recorded in G100 group (1.91 ± 0.33), followed by G60 group (1.83 ± 0.09), with the least value recorded in G20 group (1.49 ± 0.49). Analysis of variance test revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: The change of the digital IRS affects the color of ceramic laminate veneers.
Survey of the Opinion of Dentists and Dental Technicians on the Impact of the State of Emergency Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in Bulgaria on their Practice
Authors: Bozhkova Tanya , Musurlieva Nina
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: In their practice, health-care professionals are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which is particularly high for dentists, hygienists, dental assistants, and dental technicians due to close contact with patients and exposure to biological fluids and aerosol/droplets during dental procedures.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to survey the opinion of dentists and dental technicians about the impact of the state of emergency in Bulgaria related to the COVID-19 epidemic on their practices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A specially developed web-based survey conducted among 49 dentists and dental technicians was used. The results were processed with SPSS v. 18 at significance level of p < 0.05.
RESULTS: A group of 49 dentists and dental technicians were included in the survey. Оf them (20.41 ± 5.76) reported that they did not work at all during the state of emergency. Relatively, a large number of dentists (81.82 ± 8.22) respond that they have completely changed their patient care protocols. The result is similar for dental technicians (77.77 ± 8.00). More than half of the dentists (59.09 ± 10.48) respond that they specifically disinfect the dental impressions, and of the dental technicians (29.63 ± 8.78) say that they insist on this. All of the respondents share that they use special protective equipment in their practices.
CONCLUSION: Although significant progress has been made in controlling COVID-19 and dental clinics and practices are gradually resuming routine patient care, the prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission during dental procedures remains a serious challenge.
Description and photographs of cricket parental care in the wild
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Erregger Bettina
Published: March 2021

Although certain forms of parental care are relatively widespread phenomena among insects, within Orthoptera, parental care is rare. Short-tailed burrowing crickets (Anurogryllus spp.) are among the few members of this order for which extensive parental care has been documented. However, accounts of parental care in Anurogryllus have been largely under laboratory conditions, and observations of this behavior in the wild are rare. Herein we present photographic observations from a mountain slope in Honduras where we discovered an active Anurogryllus brood chamber where an adult female was tending her brood. We present these results in the context of parental care in insects and compare our observations with those reported in past literature published on Anurogryllus crickets’ parental behavior.
La constitution du travail : à propos d’un concept wébérien méconnu
Authors: Coutu Michel
Published: March 2021

Les travaux de jeunesse de Max Weber consacrés aux conditions du travail agricole en Allemagne à l’est de l’Elbe demeurent peu connus. Leur antériorité par rapport à la sociologie wébérienne proprement dite, la primauté apparente des jugements de valeur en leur sein et un caractère historique fortement daté peuvent expliquer ce manque d’intérêt. L’auteur adopte ici résolument le point de vue contraire. En particulier, même si cette terminologie n’apparaît pas encore, Weber y observe avec rigueur des processus de rationalisation notamment économique (passage du domaine patriarcal à l’exploitation capitaliste) et juridique (de la tenure féodale au contrat de travail « libre ») dont il s’agit d’explorer les multiples tensions et antinomies. Par ailleurs, si l’on s’attache au concept central de ces études, celui de la « constitution du travail », la notion présente un intérêt indiscutable – et universel – pour l’étude de la dynamique des rapports de travail dans le cadre de la modernité. Il paraît toutefois indispensable de réinterpréter la notion en tenant compte des travaux de maturité de Weber, notamment de sa sociologie du droit telle qu’elle se dégage en particulier d’Économie et société.
Le développement de la mémoire spatiale chez l’enfant entre 2 et 9 ans
Authors: Banta Lavenex Pamela , Ribordy Lambert Farfalla , Bostelmann Mathilde , Lavenex Pierre
Published: March 2021

Cet article résume nos recherches récentes sur l’émergence et le développement typique des capacités de mémoire spatiale allocentrée chez l’enfant. La mémoire spatiale allocentrée est une composante essentielle de la mémoire épisodique, la mémoire des évènements autobiographiques qui se sont passés dans des contextes spatio-temporels uniques. Elle dépend du bon fonctionnement d’une région particulière du cerveau appelée l’hippocampe ou la formation hippocampique. Nos recherches ont montré que la capacité de représentation spatiale allocentrée, intégrant les relations entre différents objets présents dans l’environnement et donc indépendante du point de vue de l’individu, émerge vers l’âge de deux ans. Elle continue de s’améliorer en termes de résolution spatiale et temporelle au cours des cinq à sept années suivantes. L’émergence des capacités de mémoire allocentrée permet également la création de cartes cognitives de l’environnement qui ne dépendent pas de la présence d’information visuelle. Des études neuroanatomiques sur des animaux suggèrent que la maturation de la région CA1 de l’hippocampe contribue à l’émergence d’une mémoire spatiale allocentrée à basse résolution, tandis que la maturation du gyrus denté et de la région CA3 de l’hippocampe contribue à l’amélioration de la mémoire spatiale pendant la petite enfance.
Development of Digital Skills and Engineering Thinking in Students as Part of the Digital Summer Project
Authors: Anisimova Tatyana , Ganeeva Aigul , Sharafeeva Landysh
Published: March 2021

Digitalization of the economy is a key priority for Russia today, which makes the problem stated herein relevant. Personal motivations, values, mor-als, and ethics are of increasing importance. In this regard, project, flexible, and soft skills are coming to the fore; these include digital skills such as the ability to confidently, effectively, critically, and safely pick and apply in-formation and communication technologies in various aspects of life. Re-search and experimentation skills, being an integral part of engineering cul-ture and thinking, stay relevant, too.

The purpose of the study is to prove the effectiveness of developing digi-tal competencies and engineering thinking in children and young people dur-ing the Digital Summer project, developed as part of a grant for conducting thematic sessions in advanced areas of discrete mathematics, informatics, and digital technologies.

In the course of the study, effectiveness was assessed by mathematical processing of the results of questionnaires and surveys of session partici-pants. The results of the study allow concluding that it is possible to translate the experience gained into the system of working with children and youth.