bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la définition juridique à la définition journalistique : complexités interprétatives dans le domaine du biocontrôle
Authors: Ledouble Hélène , Cadel Peggy
Published: April 2022

This article explores the complex relation between science and the media, and how scientific knowledge circulates outside the realm of specialists. It focuses on contextual definitions related to biological control (biocontrôle in French) in press articles, and the reader capacity to (re)build scientific information or knowledge based on media discourse.
After introducing the emergence of the term in reference dictionaries and legal sources, we proceed to a twofold analysis of biocontrol definitions in the corpus (focusing on the relations of hyponymy and instrument/method). We first present a lexico-syntactic analysis of definitional cues that enable any non-expert reader to access definitions of the term. We then proceed to a semantic analysis of definitions, focusing on two different discursive strategies used by the media. Journalists either borrow reference terms (and synonyms) from official terminological sources or create ad hoc categories to simplify definitions with more accessible referents to press readers. Our goal is to show that the various categories involved in these definitions may hinder the understanding of the notion by the lay citizen (on the local scale), and potentially constitute an obstacle to well-informed decision-making about pressing issues such as environmental protection (on the global scale).
Effects of Globalisation of Science on Polish Academic Discourse
Authors: Warchał Krystyna
Published: April 2022

The spread of English as the global language of academic communication has been found to affect academic communication in many national languages. This study reports on a change in the rhetorical structure of introductions to Polish-language journal articles that can be attributed to the growing exposure to English discourse patterns. On the basis of data drawn from a corpus of 150 introductions to linguistics articles published across 30 years, it examines the rhetorical organisation of Polish texts, showing that they assume features so far considered characteristic of English-language introductions and largely absent from academic Polish. The analysis shows in particular that the majority of Polish linguistics articles are now divided into sections, that the statement of research goals has become a stable rhetorical move in Polish introductions, and that its direct and cyclical realisations are becoming increasingly popular. These features make the structure of Polish article introductions less culturally distinctive and more similar to that of English-language texts.
Wissenschaftskommunikation im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien: zur Aushandlung von Gesprächsnormen in Pressekonferenzen und Polit-Talkshows
Authors: Lautenschläger Sina , Rhein Lisa
Published: April 2022

Since the beginning of the corona pandemic at the beginning of 2020, virologists have been present in the mass media and are often guests on (political) talk shows. Here, different discourse logics and norms meet, namely those of science, politics, and the media. In this area of conflict, discourse-pragmatic adjustments on the part of scientists occur. In this article, we investigate 1) how scientists establish themselves as epistemic authorities in the different formats and 2) how they try to enforce scientific discourse routines in media-mediated and politically framed discourses. As a basis of this empirical research, we compiled a corpus of press conferences organized by the Science Media Center Germany in Cologne and political talk shows of the public broadcasters in the period from March 2020 to April 2021. It turns out that the scientists behave in accordance with their scientific discourse norms and are hardly prepared to cross borders. The article aims to show in detail which strategies scientists use to hold on to their scientific discourse routines.
Smart Dispenser Menggunakan Voice Recognition Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Richardo Antony , Yendri Dodon
Published: April 2022

Voice recognition technology is one of the technological breakthroughs that is currently widely used. The operation of voice recognition is only by saying commands to control devices that are integrated with the user as a tool to facilitate human activities and even replace the role of humans in certain functions. In using the dispenser, it is necessary to choose cold or hot water and pull the faucet directly on the dispenser, while during a pandemic like today, we are required to reduce direct contact with objects that are used together. The use of the dispenser also has limitations for the amount of water released because it cannot be measured in a definite amount because there has been no research conducted to regulate the amount of water that is filled into the glass used by the user. For this reason, the use of the Voice Recognition module can be used as a solution to reduce direct touch to the dispenser because it utilizes voice commands given by the user and the Waterflow sensor is used to calculate the amount of water that will come out of the water faucet on the dispenser.
Técnica antigua y técnica moderna: Sobre la aplicabilidad de Heidegger en filosofía de la tecnología
Authors: Mascaró Luciano
Published: May 2022

Este escrito se divide en tres momentos. En un primer momento, intentaré resaltar la imprecisión de la distinción que Heidegger realiza entre técnica moderna y técnica antigua o tradicional. Esta imprecisión es importante, porque sobre ella gira en gran medida el objetivo de su conferencia “La pregunta por la técnica” y, en general, también sus dichos sobre la maquinación, la provocación, el emplazamiento, etc. Mi crítica se basará fundamentalmente en la contrastación de los dichos heideggerianos con datos históricos y empíricos. En un segundo momento, propondré en dónde podría encontrarse la verdadera distinción entre la técnica moderna y la antigua, una distinción que Heidegger no explicita ni reconoce, pero que, a mi parecer, se encuentra en el trasfondo de sus dichos. Por último, me dedicaré brevemente a precisar cuál podría ser el valor de las menciones acerca de casos concretos dentro del esquema heideggeriano.
Structural model of the concept of "education"
Authors: Makashova Victoria
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of "education". This concept is fundamental for the Russian consciousness, since it is inextricably linked with the generally accepted system of moral coordinates. The purpose of this study is to build a structural model of the concept of "education" and determine its type. The solution of the following tasks contributes to the achievement of this goal: to systematize the definitions of the concept as a key category of cognitive linguistics, to consider approaches to the structure of the concept developed by representatives of various directions in cognitive linguistics (cultural, linguistic, logical, semantic-cognitive, philosophical-semiotic directions), to identify and describe the structural models of the concept. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is for the first time a segment-field model of the concept of "education" is proposed. The study was conducted using the method of free associative experiment. In the course of the study, the hierarchical relations core-periphery of the concept of "education" were described, as well as the attitudes of consciousness arising from its content. It is revealed that the concept of "education" is segmented, since the basic and additional cognitive layers that make up the scope of this concept surround strictly defined segments. The results of the study can be used in lexicographic practice in the compilation of associative dictionaries, as well as in courses of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology and psycholinguistics.
Insights and Lessons Learned from the NASA Juncture Flow Experiment
Authors: Rumsey Christopher L.
Published: May 2022

The NASA Juncture Flow experiment involved both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel measurements in its quest to provide CFD validation data for separated flow in a wing-fuselage corner. The experience has produced a wealth of valuable validation data and many lessons learned. This paper conveys those insights, particularly with respect to the qualities believed to be essential in a CFD validation experiment. These include wind tunnel characterization and use of CFD as an assessment tool during the validation process.
Arthur Cotton and the Development of Public Works
Authors: Patty Justin
Published: May 2022

In the long history of violence and cruelty that defined the period of British rule in India, Arthur Cotton is one of the few men remembered today not for his crimes, but for the good he did for the people of India. Cotton’s irrigation projects protected millions of Indians from the threat of famine, but the true legacy of his work is global in scope. As a major figure in the development of India’s infrastructure for most of the nineteenth century, Cotton witnessed the British Empire struggle with questions about its role in facilitating public works projects. Despite the Empire’s dedication to the principles of free-market capitalism for issues relating to India, by the final decades of the nineteenth century the British had recognized the need for government- funded infrastructure projects, and they became the first modern nation to leverage public debt for major infrastructure projects. Arthur Cotton played an instrumental role in the development of state-supported public works through his highly successful irrigation projects on the Cauvery and Godavari rivers, promoting the success of these projects in his writing, and by providing a solution to the challenge of developing Indian cotton agriculture.
The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology
Authors: Pangarkar Meena A.
Published: April 2022

The seminal observations of Dr. George Papanicolaou have grown, through the untiring efforts of many authors, into a universally accepted format of cytology reporting. This has helped immensely to improve the understanding of pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The insights into the complexity of interaction of the etiological and the host factors have further helped in reframing of the reporting system. The Bethesda System (TBS) stands out as a model of standardized reporting in cervicovaginal cytology. Apart from its reproducibility, it reflects the most current understanding of cervical cancer. The most important feature is its clinical relevance. Each category of this classification has clear clinical implications, which are based on solid evidence and worldwide consensus. Moreover, the authors have tried to keep it updated through continuous revisions, incorporating the technological and scientific advances. The component of specimen adequacy reflects the importance it has given to the quality assurance of the laboratory preparation. The minimization of categories, simple terminology, and the supporting image atlas – both in the print form and the web-based form, have made TBS an exemplary teaching-learning resource. The wide accessibility of TBS has been the most important factor in being adopted by a majority of pathology community all over the world.
Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects
Authors: Poflee Sandhya V. , Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur
Published: April 2022

The different treatment options for carcinoma cervix include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments. Cytological analysis of smears is crucial for patient follow-up to determine response to therapy and to diagnose the persistence or recurrence of malignancy. Anatomical alterations and changes in cell morphology following radiation or chemotherapy make collecting and interpreting cervical cytology samples difficult. These issues can be mitigated by liquid-based cytology. Ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy (RT) to kill cells. It is important that cytologists are aware of alterations in morphology of the cells. Radiation can cause cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. Cellular enlargement, vacuolation, granularity loss, and other changes linked with cell death are examples of cytoplasmic alterations. Nuclear enlargement and multinucleation are the most frequent nuclear alterations. These changes are determined by the amount of time that has passed since radiation. It should be emphasized that no one characteristic is pathognomonic. Post-irradiation dysplasia is a condition described as abnormal cellular changes in non-neoplastic epithelial cells after RT. Chemotherapy causes comparable alterations as radiation but impacts fewer cells. Busulfan and other chemotherapeutic treatments may produce morphological alterations, which cytologists must be aware of and able to identify. Immunosuppressive treatments, hormonal therapy, and tamoxifen are some of the other drugs that might cause changes in cervical morphology. Surgical methods used in the detection and treatment of cervical cancer may potentially cause alterations as a result of thermal damage and healing. For the treatment of cervical lesions, electrocautery and the loop electrosurgical excisional procedure are available. These procedures employ electric current ablation leading to ischemic changes in the cervical smear. Cytological analysis of smears following treatment with these modalities necessitates a comprehensive history, kind of therapy, and duration of treatment.
Vulvar inflammatory disorders: A review
Authors: Prabhu Smitha , Krishna Swathy
Published: April 2022

Vulvar inflammatory disorders (VID) are a miscellaneous group of non-infectious conditions of the vulvar area, which can be broadly classified based on etiology and pathology. Here, we discuss a few pertinent VID including vulvar dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, and lichen sclerosus. This review will focus only on common VID, and a few rare conditions with characteristic features such as Crohn’s disease, plasma cell vulvitis, acantholytic disorder of genitocrural area, desquamative vulvitis, and atrophic vulvovaginitis. A thorough history taking and relevant investigations including dermoscopy and biopsy are relevant to proper diagnosis and management of VID. Early management of VID is essential since these conditions are prone to interfere with psychosexual functioning of the patient. Potent topical steroids are the first line management in most cases, followed by topical calcineurin inhibitors, emollients, and antihistamines. Vulvar area is resistant to steroid induced atrophy; hence, use of potent topical steroids does not pose a problem. Oral steroids or steroid sparing agents are used in resistant cases.
Vulvar premalignancies – A dermatologist’s perspective
Authors: Kavitha Athota , Deeksha Pillarisetti
Published: April 2022

Vulvar malignancies are rarely encountered in dermatology, yet it is imperative to develop a thorough clinical and diagnostic acumen, as early detection and appropriate treatment can improve quality of life or even prevent fatal outcome. The common premalignant vulvar lesions are vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), vulvar Paget’s disease, and melanoma in situ. These are notable since they are associated with a high post-treatment recurrence rate. The incidence of VIN is increasing in younger women. Early diagnosis and tailoring the management on individual basis may help to reduce the long-term morbidity. This review describes etiology, clinical features, management, and prognosis of vulvar premalignancies.
Patterns of infant dermatoses: An observational study from the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center
Authors: Mudang Jully , Samad Koyakutty Abdul , Devakumar Vasanthiamma K. , Ashok Priya , George Anuja Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To study the pattern of dermatoses among infants who attended the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center.

Materials and Methods:

We included 270 consecutive infants (children aged 1 year and below) with dermatoses who attended the outpatient clinic of the department of dermatology of our tertiary referral center. Using a preset proforma, we collected information on patient profile, evolution of dermatosis, and clinical features. The dermatoses observed were classified as transient and non-infective conditions, nevi and other developmental defects, genodermatoses, infections and infestations, inflammatory dermatoses, reactive dermatoses, and other miscellaneous conditions.

Results:

The study participants included 162 males (60%) and 108 females (40%). Fifty-three infants (53/270, 19.6%) were neonates. The most common dermatoses observed among the study participants were infections and infestations (86, 31.9%) followed by inflammatory dermatoses (83, 30.7%). Among the neonates, the common dermatoses observed were napkin dermatitis (14/53, 26.4%), transient neonatal pustular melanosis (6/53, 11.3%), and congenital melanocytic nevus (6/53, 11.3%). The common dermatoses observed among infants above 28 days were fungal infections (32/217, 14.7%), atopic dermatitis (23/217, 10.6%), miliaria (22/217, 10.1%) and infantile seborrheic dermatitis (21/217, 9.7%).

Limitations:

The study carried out in the outpatient clinic of the dermatology department of a tertiary referral center and the cross-sectional design were the major limitations.

Conclusion:

Fungal infection was the most frequently observed infection. Whether, this indicates an epidemiological shift in the prevalence of dermatophytosis in pediatric age group needs analysis in future multicenter studies. Napkin dermatitis and atopic dermatitis were the most common non-infective dermatoses in the neonatal and post-neonatal age groups, respectively.
Strategi Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Santosa Achadi Budi Santosa
Published: April 2022

Keberhasilan pendidikan tidak lepas dari upaya kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin dalam mengarahkan dan memotivasi guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap strategi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, sumber data meliputi seluruh guru dan wakil kepala sekolah, sedangkan pengumpulan data melalui teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisisnya menggunakan teknik partisipatif berkelanjutan, melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru adalah dengan mengaktifkan Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG), memotivasi guru, pelatihan, studi banding, rapat evaluasi guru, supervisi kelas, pemberian punishment dan reward, dan melalui gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran dengan Model Problem Based Learning pada Materi Statistika Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Aprilia Riska
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkatiiipembelajaraniiimatematika berupaiiiSilabus,iiRencanaiiPelaksanaaniiPembelajaran (RPP), daniiLembariiKerjaiiPesertaiiDidik (LKPD) dengan modeliiProblemiiiBasediiiLearning (PBL) pada materi statistika kelas VIII SMP yang valid. Dalam pengembanganiiini menggunakaniimodelii4-D yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu tahap Define (pendefenisian), tahap Design (perencanaan), tahap Develop (pengembangan), dan tahap Disermination (penyebaran). Tetapi dikarenakan situasi pandemi Covid-19iimodeliipengembangan 4-D yang dilakukan hanya sampai tiga tahapan saja, yaitu : tahap Define (pendefenisian), tahapi Design (perencanaan), dan tahap Develop (pengembangan). Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar validasiiiiSilabus,iiiRPP, daniiiLKPD. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik nontes berupa angket lembar validasi yang diberikan kepada tiga orang validator, yaitu dua orangiidoseniiPendidikaniiMatematikaiiFKIPiiUIR dan satu orang guru matematika SMP Negeri 1 Singingi.iiTeknikiiianalisis yangiiidigunakan adalahiiianalisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil validasiiiiSilabus sebesar 88,71% denganiikategori isangatiiivalid, untukiiiRPP sebesar 85,05% kategori sangati valid, dan untukiiiLKPD sebesar 86,85%i kategoriiisangatiivalid. Berdasarkan penelitian pengembangan ini diperoleh perangkat pembelajaran denganimodel Problem Based Learnin ipada materi statistika kelas VIII SMP yang teruji kevalidannya.
İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 3990 Numarada Kayıtlı Memua-i Ebyat ve Gazeliyat ve Şerhi Adlı Şiir Mecmuası
Authors: Güngör Esma
Published: April 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatında büyük bir boşluğu dolduran mecmualar edebiyat tarihimiz açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Mecmualar derleyicisinin yaşadığı toplumun estetik zevkini, sosyal durumunu ortaya koyan eserlerdir. Çalışmamıza konu olan mecmua, İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 3990 numarada kayıtlı olan Mecmûa-i Ebyât ve Gazeliyât ve Şerhi başlıklı şiir mecmuasıdır. Çalışmada ilk olarak mecmuanın tanıtımı yapılacak, sonrasında 28b-55a varaklarının muhtevası incelenecektir. Mecmua içerisinde 16. ve 19. yüzyıllar arasında yaşamış 98 şaire ait 1056 beyit yer almaktadır. Çalışmada şairler ve kullandıkları nazım şekilleri ile bu şiirlerin bahir ve kalıpları tablolar halinde verilmiştir. Çalışma Mecmuaların Sistematik Tasnifi Projesi (MESTAP)’ne uygun bir şekilde tablo haline getirilmiştir.
Sanat Sosyolojisi Üzerine Bir Derkenar: Sosyologlar Sanat ile Toplum İlişkisini Nasıl Görünür Kılar?
Authors: Kaya Özgür
Published: April 2022

Bu makalenin temel amacı, muhtemel bir sanat sosyolojisi inşasında iki şeyden -sanat ve sosyoloji- birinin zayıf kalmasını önlemeye yönelik birtakım metodolojik noktaları açığa çıkarmaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaçla, beşerî bilim uzmanları ile sosyal bilimcilerin sanatı ele alırken benimsedikleri görme biçimlerindeki farklılıklar üzerine odaklanır. Ancak sanatın belirli bir alt alanı bu çalışmanın doğrudan merkezinde yer almamaktadır. Bunun yerine, sanat sosyologlarının gündeme getirmesi muhtemel bir soru havuzuna sistematik bir biçim vermek için alanın önde gelen sosyologlarının bazı kuramsal çalışmaları irdelenir. Sonuç olarak buradaki çaba, sosyologların halihazırda kendi ‘bahçelerinde’ kullandıkları bir dizi bağlamsal kıstası sanatsal oyuna nasıl dahil ettiklerini göstermek suretiyle, sanat sosyolojisine mütevazı bir katkı olarak görülebilir.
12-14 Yaş Voleybolcularda Germe ve Denge Egzersizlerinin Fonksiyonel Hareketler Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERVÜZ Ece , GÖRAL Kemal
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık germe ve denge egzersiz programlarının 12-14 yaş grubu kız voleybolcularda fonksiyonel hareketler üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya, 12-14 yaş grubundaki toplam 34 gönüllü lisanslı kız voleybolcu dahil olmuştur (Deney grubu n=17; yaş 13.70±0.46 yıl; vücut ağırlığı 63.09±6.08 kg; boy uzunluğu 173.76±5.05 cm; kontrol grubu n=17; yaş 13.64±0.49 yıl; vücut ağırlığı 60.31±4.91 kg; boy uzunluğu 171.02±6.62 cm). Kontrol grubundaki voleybolcular rutin antrenman programlarına devam etmiş, deney grubundaki voleybolcular ise rutin antrenman programlarına ek olarak germe ve denge egzersiz programını uygulamışlardır. Sporculara başlangıçta ve 8. haftada Fonksiyonel Hareket Taraması (FHT) Testi uygulanmıştır. Gruplar arası farklılıklar Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, grup içi farklılıklar ise Eşleştirilmiş Örneklem t-Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Deney ve kontrol grubunun ön testleri arasında hiçbir değişkende anlamlı farklılık görülmezken (p>0,05); son testleri arasında sağ rotasyon stabilitesi, sol rotasyon stabilitesi ve FHT toplam puan değişkenlerinde istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı sonuçlar bulunmuştur (sırasıyla: t=2.954, p=0.006; t=3.411, p=0.002; t=4.162, p=0.000). Sonuç olarak çalışmaya katılan tüm katılımcıların FHT toplam puanları kritik sınır olarak belirlenen 14 puanın üzerindedir ve bu durum katılımcıların düşük yaralanma riskine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Germe ve denge egzersiz programları, özellikle genç yaşlarda uygulanmaya başlanarak doğru ve etkili hareket paternlerinin öğretilmesine ve geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
A Prospective Study of Factors Affecting Age at Menopause among the Bandar-E-Kong Cohort
Authors:   Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, N Roozbeh , M Masoudi ,   Fatemiyeh Shiraz Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran, M Moannaie ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, A Nejatizadeh ,   Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, MA Kutenaee ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Published: April 2022

Menopause is a natural period of women’s life and can be affected by several factors. This paper describes and identify the age of natural menopause and its associated factors based cohort study in Iran. In this study, we used data of Bandar-e-Kong study. This prospective cohort study includes 2,334 woman’s aged between 18 to 70 years old, which was conducted from March 2016 to February 2019. All women completed data collection forms includes a validated questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t test, and ANOVA as well as a multivariate linear regression model. The total of participants with the age range of 18-70 years, 894 were menopause females. The mean age of menopause was 48.31 ± 6.34 years with a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 66 years. The number of pregnancies, duration of breastfeeding, level of education, residency, presence of thyroid disease, and body mass index affected the age of menopause. This study suggests that number of pregnancy was associated with menopausal age. According to the results of this study, the existence of appropriate educational programs to promote awareness and lifestyle in postmenopausal women is essential.
Quality of life and overall survival are primary priorities of patients with advanced breast cancer: results of sociological research
Authors: Kolomejtseva Alina A. , Bokova Svetlana E.
Published: April 2022

Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease, the main treatment goals of which are to increase overall survival and improve quality of life.
Aim. To assess the priorities of patients with breast cancer in the framework of a sociological study.
Materials and methods. For the first time, the main results of a sociological study of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, conducted by the Interregional Public Movement "Movement Against Cancer" in OctoberNovember 2021. This analysis reflects the needs of patients with breast cancer in various regions of the Russian Federation. A total of 675 people were interviewed,662 questionnaires were allowed for analysis.
Results. In the rating of patients' desires regarding the results of treatment, regardless of the region and the duration of the course of the disease, the leading positions were taken by "improved quality of life" (46.2%) and "increased life expectancy" (46.4%). In the rating of preferences regarding the therapy received, the first place was taken by the value It is important to maintain good health, working capacity and the ability to live a full life (39.1%).
Conclusion. The priority for all patients diagnosed with breast cancer is an effective and safe treatment that will ensure a good health and performance and safe a high quality of life for a long time.
Comprehensive rehabilitation of cancer patients: A review
Authors: Gameeva Elena V. , Stepanova Aleksandra M. , Tkachenko Galina A. , Gridnev Oleg V. , Sviridov Sergey V. , Shestopalov Aleksandr E.
Published: April 2022

Due to the improvement of the results of combined treatment of malignant tumors the survival rate of cancer patients is increasing. The issue of improving the quality of life, both during treatment and after its completion, is becoming more and more urgent. Conducting an individually selected comprehensive rehabilitation treatment conducted by a multidisciplinary team aimed at correcting not only medical problems but also the social capabilities of the patient taking into account the personal experience of the patient, his psychological traits, habits, etc., helps reduce the number of complications significantly, improve the quality of life of patients. The article discusses the stages, methods of rehabilitation, nutritional support for cancer patients.
Atezolizumab in the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical experience of the drug application. Case report
Authors: Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Antipova Tatiana S.
Published: April 2022

Background. Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among both men and women. At the same time, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all cases of malignant tumors. Historically, the treatment for locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer was consisted of systemic cytotoxic therapy. The main aim was to destroy tumor cells, to reduce the severity of the disease manifestations, to improve the quality of life and to prolong survival. Recent discovery of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and ALK translocations or proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) has led to a paradigm shift and the development of molecularly oriented therapeutic agents and options, such as targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Aim. Present the efficacy of atezolizumab application in the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer associated with high PD-L1 expression.
Clinical case report. A 64-year-old patient with T1N3M1 stage IV right lung cancer, brain and right adrenal metastases was under observation. Right supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was performed. The histological examination showed the metastases of squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR-activating mutations, ALK translocations and ROS1 were not detected (wild-type). The immunohistochemical analysis showed a high expression of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) 90%. The patient was treated using atezolizumab 1200 mg every 21 days in monoregimen. The patient was receiving 50 injections of the drug for almost 3 years. The effect of the therapy was evaluated using hybrid 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT. The complete metabolic regression of the tumor was obtained after 14 cycles of treatment and was persisting throughout the treatment period for 36 months. Grade 2 neutropenia after 6,7 and 30 cycles of therapy was noted among the adverse effects. Immune-mediated adverse events were not described.
Conclusion. The application of atezolizumab in monoregimen can provide long-term overall survival in patients with untreated metastatic EGFR-negative, ALK-negative NSCLC associated with high PD-L1 expression, as well as a favorable safety profile and quality of life.
Calidad de vida del personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión exploratoria
Authors: Wauters Mariana , Zamboni Berra Thaís , de Almeida Crispim Juliane , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Cartagena-Ramos Denisse
Published: May 2022

Objetivo. Describir la calidad de vida del personal de salud, el ambiente laboral y la interacción entre el empleado y ambiente laboral durante la pandemia.

Métodos. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature Complete, Google Scholar y los repositorios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades. Se incluyeron estudios primarios, secundarios y literatura gris publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2021 en idioma español, inglés y portugués. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada por la lista de verificación de Autoridad, exactitud, cobertura, objetividad, fecha e importancia (AACODS, por su sigla en inglés) A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) y Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers. Se efectuó un análisis temático basado en el modelo de calidad de vida y bienestar.

Resultados. De un total de 208 artículos, se incluyeron 11. La calidad de vida del personal de salud durante pandemia por COVID-19 estuvo influenciada por las características del personal de salud, el ambiente laboral y la interacción entre el empleado y el ambiente laboral; se observaron falencias relacionadas con factores psicosociales y ocupacionales.

Discusión. La calidad de vida del personal de salud estuvo caracterizada por estigmatización, estrés, ansiedad y fatiga. La gestión organizacional y la aplicación de intervenciones psicológicas evidencian un efecto en la interacción entre el empleado y el ambiente laboral, e influyen en su calidad de vida.
Adjusting the initial milk pH before freezing affected physico-chemical
properties of thawed goat milk
Authors: Laosam P. , Chanjula P. , Pakdeechanuan P.
Published: April 2022

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of initial goat milk pH on changes in
some physico-chemical properties of milk during freeze-thaw cycles, and to investigate
the possible causes by freeze-thawing for 5 cycles to magnify the changes. Raw goat milk
was adjusted to 3 alternative pH levels, which were 1) original milk pH, 2) adjusted to
original pH-0.2, and 3) adjusted to original pH+0.2. All the milk samples were packed in
plastic bags and kept at -18±2°C for 5 days, then thawed at room temperature at 25°C (1
cycle) and this was repeated for 5 cycles. Milk samples from each treatment and each
cycle were analyzed for pH, presence of sediment, viscosity, fat droplet size, particle size
distribution, heat stability and changes in mineral content of milk serum. The result
showed that the goat milk had an original pH of 6.69 (T6.69) that was adjusted to 6.49
(T6.49) and 6.89 (T6.89). During freeze-thawing all the treatment groups exhibited
decreasing pH and increasing sediment, milk viscosity and fat droplet size, with only
slight differences between treatments. The important differences were in heat stability, as
the T6.49 treatment resulted in a heat stability decrease from 80 mins initially to 46 mins
(42.50% decrease) at the 5th cycle, whereas T6.89 treatment only had an 8.89% change in
heat stability. Average particle diameter (D3,2), volume distribution (D4,3) and uniform
distribution (span) increased with freeze-thaw cycles, which clearly showed in T6.49 and
T6.69 cases but not distinctly in T6.89. In conclusion, milk pH affected the quality of milk
after freeze-thawing. Adjusting pH to 6.89 before freezing in this study reduced changes
of pH, sediment formation, coalescence of protein, and heat stability of thawed goat milk;
such adjustment is beneficial for further milk processing in the dairy industry.
Tax Collection in Pakistan: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Faheem , Badar Hammad , Hamid Kashif , Saeed Muhammad Yasir
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Taxes are the primary source of government revenues. Through taxes, governments can increase the revenues needed for public spending. This study is aimed at investigating the determinants of tax collection and its impact on the economic growth of Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The secondary data has been taken for the years from 1990 to 2020 from different sources such as the World Bank and Pakistan Economic Survey. The regression analysis has been performed on the collected data. Tax collection is taken as the dependent variable, whereas gross domestic product per capita, exchange rate, import, export, unemployment rate, and inflation rate have been taken as independent variables.

Findings: Results indicate a significant impact of GDP per capita, exchange rate, imports and exports on tax collection in Pakistan. Tax collection has a positive and significant impact on economic growth.

Implications/Originality/Value: This study highlight the need to frame policies for increasing gross domestic product per capita, controlling inflation and unemployment for greater attraction of taxpayer for the sake of high tax collection. The high unemployment rate and inflation are the main barriers to tax collection and the country's better economic growth. This study will be helpful to related public-sector institutions in improving tax collection in Pakistan and the government should take necessary steps to improve and develop a strong mechanism to collect taxes.
The Relationship Between Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty in Electronic Banking
Authors: Zyberi I. , Luzo (Kllapi) D.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, the increase of competition has made organizations constantly strive to increase their productivity and reduce their costs. The rapid growth of systems based on electronic technology led to a significant change in banking services. Information technology has made it possible for electronic channels to perform many banking services that were traditionally performed over the counter. Albanian banks are making efforts to provide high-quality products and services to satisfy their customers as well as to increase customers’ trust and loyalty to banks. The purpose of this study is based on the current state of e-banking in Albania to measure the impact that trust and loyalty have on the satisfaction of e-banking customers. The study is based on primary data collected by the administration of 400 questionnaires in Gjirokastra region. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and analysis of variance components, which resulted in both variables included in the model to be statistically significant, but among the above two factors the most important turned out to be trust, because according to the model if trust improves by one degree then satisfaction is expected to increase by 0.39 degrees. Albanian banks need to consider this effect of trust and loyalty on e-banking customer satisfaction, striving to increase them.
Assessment of the Contribution of the Arctic Zone to the Economic Development of the Country
Authors: Zemskov V. V. , Prasolov V. I. , Khudyakov D. S. , Kanashina A. I. , Timofeev E. A.
Published: April 2022

The scientific study examines the ways and methods of assessing the contribution of the Arctic zone to the level of economic development of the subjects of this zone and the country as a whole through the process of ensuring national security. The relevance of the study is due to the relationship between the indicators of territorial development of the subjects of the Russian Federation belonging to the Arctic zone and the indicator of the gross domestic product as a whole as the main indicator for assessing the level of economic development. The aim of the research is to improve the mechanisms for assessing the contribution of the Arctic zone to the level of economic development. The authors apply dialectical scientific cognitive methods based on a set of recognized private scientific and general scientific methods: formal logic, comparative law, statistics, and cross-sectoral legal analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of major risks that affect the processes of national security assurance in the Arctic zone, as well as their impact on national economic development and private business. The authors conclude about the potential of the Arctic zone for the formation of innovative projects with the growth of spatial risks, considering the peculiarities of the economy of the North. The results of this study may be used in practical activities by the state executive authorities of the Arctic zone in order to adjust existing regulatory documents, as well as to develop new directions of state policy in the field of ensuring national security in this region.
Multivariate Asymmetric GARCH Model with Dynamic Correlation Matrix
Authors: Trifonov Ju. S. , Potanin B. S.
Published: April 2022

This study examines the problem of modeling the joint dynamics of conditional volatility of several financial assets under an asymmetric relationship between volatility and shocks in returns (leverage effect). We propose a new multivariate asymmetric conditional heteroskedasticity model with a dynamic conditional correlation matrix (DCC-EGARCH). The proposed method allows modelling the joint dynamics of several financial assets taking into account the leverage effect in the financial markets. DCC-EGARCH model has two main advantages over previously proposed multivariate asymmetric specifications. It involves a substantially simpler optimization problem and does away with the assumption of conditional correlation time invariance. These features make the model more suitable for practical applications. To study the properties of the obtained estimators, we conducted a simulated data analysis. As a result, we found statistical evidence in favor of the developed DCC-EGARCH model compared with the symmetric DCC-GARCH process in case of considering data with the presence of the leverage effect. Further, we applied the proposed method to analyze the joint volatility of Rosneft stock returns and Brent oil prices. By estimating the DCC-EGARCH model, we found statistical evidence for both the presence of the leverage effect in the oil price data and the presence of the dynamic correlation structure between the time series, which motivates the practical application of the proposed method.
Compliance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs): Evidence from Kosovo for the Financial Reporting Period 2015–2019
Authors: Hoti A. H. , Sopa L. S.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this empirical study is to determine the compliance of the audit reports of the financial statements of large companies in Kosovo for 2015–2019 with the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing (ISA). The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many countries are now actively moving to the application of the International Standards on Auditing while feeling the lack of detailed methodological materials, which makes it difficult to effectively apply these standards in countries that do not have experience in this area. The basis for the study is a random sample of published audit reports of large companies in Kosovo, about 37% of the total population, which can be considered sufficient. The authors analyze the misstatements (errors) made by the auditors of domestic audit firms in Kosovo when preparing audit reports on the financial statements of large companies in Kosovo in 2015–2019. Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that the quality of the audit in Kosovo is insufficient. The level of non-compliance with ISAs remains high, and licensed auditors and audit firms are not adequately trained to satisfactorily fulfill their legal obligations. The results of this study have implications for national audit regulatory bodies (ARBs) and professional accountancy organizations (PAOs) that want to improve overall audit quality.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Capital Structure of Domestic Companies
Authors: Fedorova E. A. , Komletsova V. G. , Tregubova M. K. , Maksimova A. Yu. , Emel’yanova V. D.
Published: April 2022

The choice of the optimal capital structure is one of the biggest challenges that the company’s top management faces due to the fact that the right strategy secures the company’s financial stability, sustainable development and capital-raising potential. This study aims at establishing a connection between the capital structure of Russian companies and corporate governance. Literature background of the paper consists of foreign and Russian authors’ works in the field of behavioral finance. Observations from 60 Russian companies were employed in the study. The major findings obtained by economic and mathematical modeling are as follows: 1. positive connection was established between the size of board of directors, number of independent directors and debt in capital structure; 2. positive connection between CEO’s age and short-term debt in capital structure; 3. no correlation between gender of directors and debt. The findings of this study may be used for determining the optimal capital structure strategy. Moreover, this information may be taken into account by top-management, directors, etc. for internal valuation of a company’s operations including sound valuation of the corporate governance factors that influenced the company’s capital structure.
Financial Instruments of Economic Mechanisms for Strategic Development of Science and Education: Ecosystem Approach
Authors: Borovskaya M. A. , Nikitaeva A. Yu. , Bechvaya M. R. , Chernichenko O. A.
Published: April 2022

The authors substantiate the importance of choosing efficient financing instruments for the successful functioning of economic mechanisms that ensure the implementation of strategic priorities for economic development. The study shows that the spheres of science and education have a direct positive impact on the growth of the economy, being important priorities and drivers of economic development. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop clear strategic guidelines for the development of these areas and define financial instruments embedded in economic mechanisms to ensure their practical implementation. In this regard, the aim of the study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of science and education funding, considering international and domestic experience, to propose the conceptual content of sectoral strategies for the development of science and education at different levels of the economic hierarchy, and to identify financial instruments to ensure appropriate strategies. Based on the use of theoretical, empirical, comparative, institutional, and evolutionary analysis of international and domestic experience in science and education funding, the expediency of implementing an ecosystem approach to the development and funding of these areas is substantiated, which makes it possible to unite all interested participants in socio-economic ecosystems through partnerships and resource flows. The paper substantiates the importance of distinguishing between sectoral strategies for the development of science and education and suggests the content of the corresponding strategies at the macro-, meso-and micro-levels of the economy. The research contains a comprehensive analysis of the financing instruments and economic mechanisms for the development of science and education in Russia from 1992 to the present, taking into account their effectiveness.

It also includes the study of new promising instruments for science and education. Based on the results of this analysis, the authors conclude that it is advisable to rely on those financing instruments that have a self-reproducing nature and allow forming the economy of science on the basis of the ecosystem approach and assume a balance of private and public funding.